bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Drug Pharmacokinetics from Breast Feeding: A Simple Method Based on Meta-analysis
Authors: Alassane Oumar Aboubacar , Carlos De Pablos-Martinez , Mamoudou Maiga , Sounkalo Dao , Etienne Chatelut , Peggy Gandia 
Published: August 2019

Background: In resource-limited settings, breastfeeding is the healthiest source of nutrition for newborns. For economic/cultural reasons, breastfeeding is the preferred option for the majority of mothers, including HIV-positive mothers.
Objective: The objective of this review is to document parameters characterizing antiretroviral therapy (ARV) diffusion into breast milk associated with the estimated ARV amount ingested by breastfed infant and clinical/biological abnormalities.
Data Source and Eligibility Criteria: Twenty seven (27) published articles on the aspects of Pharmacokinetic parameters on ARV diffusion into breast milk have shown a large variability without clear interpretation on drugs diffusion. Using PubMed and Embase, we conducted a search to identify all published studies at 2015 that characterized antiretroviral drug diffusion from mother to infant via breast milk. We identified 27 published studies that characterized antiretroviral drug passage from mother to infant (drug concentrations in mother’s milk and breastfed plasma). Information was sufficiently complete for inclusion in the present analysis for only six antiretroviral drugs.
Results: Finally, only data for nevirapine and efavirenz were exploitable because some of the studies found null or non-detectable levels, which were not suitable for simulations. Median (IQR) nevirapine CL/F were 0.022 (0.013-0.038) for newborns, 0.121 (0.116-0.125) for children and 0.056 (0.045-0.070) for mothers, all in L/h/kg. Efavirenz CL/F were 0.025 (0.016-0.039) for newborns, 0.273 (0.261-0.285) for children and 0.160 (0.153-0.167) for mothers, also in L/h/kg.
Conclusion: Pharmacokinetics parameters of efavirenz and nevirapine are important to be determined in breastfed newborns.
Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from the Root of Mangifera indica and Their Biological Activities against Some Pathogens
Authors: Nna Prince Joe , Tor-Anyiin Terrumun Amom , Muluh Emmanuel 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Mangifera indica is a plant with several phytoconstituents which accounts for its trado-pharmacological uses such as treatment of syphilis, anemia, diabetes, diarrhea, mouth wound, ulcer, leucorrhea, fever, liver diseases, urinary tract infection, asthma, rheumatism, cough, colon cancer and dysentery. The present study was aimed at identifying and characterizing some of the active principles from root of the plant.
Places and Duration of Study: The isolation and characterization of the compounds was carried out at the Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom between October, 2018 to February, 2019 while the bioassay analysis was done at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Methodology: The root powder was subjected to Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate to obtain the crude extract, which was fractionated on column using hexane, and ethyl acetate in increasing ratios. The isolated components were tested for their antimicrobial activities against some plants and animal pathogens at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Results: White crystals were obtained which on spectra analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR) were identified as mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The isolated compounds exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activities against some microbes, thus confirming the many ethnomedical uses of the plant.
Conclusion: The compounds isolated were identified as stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The pathogens showed moderate sensitivity towards the isolated compounds in the study.
Obstructive Sialadenitis of Submandibular Gland Due to a Nail-like Fish Bone Foreign Body: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Tabatabaee Rosa Mostafavi , Sanatkhani Majid 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Foreign body-associated sialadenitis of submandibular gland is not often and scarce within the literature. In this study, a report of a piece of Nail-like fish bone foreign body entering the Wharton’s duct causing an acute sialadenitis is presented.
Foreign bodies must be explored and all suspected areas must be examined carefully for avoiding secondary problems and surgeries in the future.
Foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial region are often experienced after trauma and dental treatment.
Case Report : We describe a case of obstructive sialadenitis in the submandibular gland caused by penetration of a fish bone in a 68-year-old man. He had swelling and spontaneous pain in the left submandibular region. The radiographic examination didn't show foreign body in the submandibular gland. Initially, we diagnosed obstructive sialadenitis in the left submandibular gland and the study suspect that salivary stone might be the cause of this swelling so compressing and milking of Wharton duct. The foreign body measured 1.3 cm *3 mm*2 mm and was a nail-like object. On pathological examination, the foreign body was found to be a fish bone (cartilage-like organic material).
Conclusion: This case demonstrated that precise and proper inspection and examination, milking and then paying attention to the secretion of salivary gland lead to proper diagnosis and after that suitable treatment, so this could reduce costly assessment and treatment, also lessen bewilderment of the patient.
Redesigning the Hospital Environment to Improve Restfulness
Authors: Catley Caellagh D. , Paynter Kayla , Jackson Kendall , Huggins Ashley , Ji Jenny , Sanka Sai Anusha , Simkins Michelle , Maddox Thomas M. , Lyons Patrick G. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceHospital wards are often not conducive to patient sleep, negatively affecting patient health and experience.ObjectivesTo assess determinants of in-hospital restfulness and to design and test rest-promoting interventions on the wards in partnership with clinicians, staff, and patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis rapid-sequential mixed-methods quality improvement study was performed at a large urban academic hospital in St Louis, Missouri, from May 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, with follow-up through hospitalization. Mixed-methods activities involved purposively selected hospitalized adults on the wards, nurses, hospitalists, and hospital staff. Interventions included all adult hospitalizations on the study wards.InterventionsSequential stacked bundles of multimodal rest-promoting interventions (general education, focused education on light or noise, safely reducing overnight monitoring or testing, and environmental personalization).Main Outcomes and MeasurementsPre-post comparisons of perceived nighttime quietness (via surveys) and sleep opportunity (coprimary outcomes) as well as clinical interruptions overnight, environmental noise, and adoption and satisfaction.ResultsNine patients (4 female) and 14 staff members (10 female; 3 nurse managers or administrators, 10 nurses, and 1 physician) were interviewed, 38 surveys were collected, and more than 100 hours of observation were performed. Interventions were evaluated for 671 patients (mean [SD] age, 60 [16] years; 336 [50%] female). Determinants of in-hospital rest included infrastructure, staff attitudes, priorities, culture, and patient experiences of anxiety, uncertainty, and loss of control. Informed by these determinants, codesign workshops yielded 39 potential interventions, from which 9 were selected for testing. Related interventions were organized into bundles, which were tested in sequential 2-week sprints. Perceived nighttime quietness improved nonsignificantly during the project (wards “always” quiet at night: 51% preintervention vs 86% postintervention; P = .09), with excessive noise events decreasing from 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53-0.77) to 0 per 100 patient-nights before the intervention (P = .02). Sleep opportunity improved significantly (mean, 4.94 [95% CI, 4.82-5.06] hours per patient-night before the intervention vs 5.10 [95% CI, 5.00-5.20] hours per patient-night after the intervention; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, a set of feasible, acceptable, and beneficial rest-promoting interventions were developed. After implementation of these interventions on the wards, a significant improvement in nighttime quietness and sleep opportunity was observed. These results demonstrate how human-centered design methods can generate practical and effective strategies for improving an important patient-related outcome and a core element of patient experience.
Design, Fabrication, and Wearable Medical Application of a High‐Resolution Flexible Capacitive Temperature Sensor Based on the Thermotropic Phase Transition Composites of PEO/PVDF‐HFP/H3PO4
Authors: Hu Ruohai , Liu Ping , Zhu Wei , Guo Xu , Liu Zhi , Jin Zixiang , Yang Runhuai , Han Jingwen , Tian Helei , Ma Yuanming , Liu Caixia , Song Aiguo , Xia Yanxi , Nie Sheng , Yang Xiaoming , Huang Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhase transition materials have the potential to be utilized as high‐resolution temperature‐sensitive materials. However, it is a challenge to develop them into temperature sensors with good stability and repeatability. In this work, inspired by phase transition theory and the electrical double‐layer capacitance principle, a novel high‐resolution flexible capacitive temperature sensor based on Polyethylene oxide(PEO)/Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/H3PO4 is proposed for the first time. By blending high and low molecular weight PEO and adding ionic solution, the proposed sensor exhibits high resolution (0.05 °C) and response speed (<12 s) within 35–43 °C. The novel introduction of a mesh structure aids the material in achieving microdomain control of PEO crystallization and improves the repeatability (Ex < 2.2%) of the sensor. The sensor is used for monitoring human body temperature and diabetic foot ulcers, and the results show that the sensor can achieve continuous and comfortable body temperature monitoring and early‐stage diabetic foot ulcer diagnosis, offering broad applications in health monitoring and rehabilitation medicine.
Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays with High Sensitivity and High Density Based on Spinous Microstructures for Carved Patterns Recognition
Authors: Zhao Wenli , Li Kun , Li Zonglin , Wang Weiwei , Yu Xiaofeng , Zhang Tong , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOwing to the superior stimulus perception, tactile function of skin is always the desire of flexible pressure sensor array (FPSA). However, achieving sensor arrays with high sensitivity and high resolution for tactile recognition like skin still remains a challenge. In this paper, an FPSA with high sensitivity (10.50 kPa−1), high density (1134.63 cm−2), and sufficient sensing units (4096 units) is developed, which is one of the best results up to now. The spinous microstructures, transferring from the abrasive papers, endow the sensor array with high sensitivity. Additionally, the high density array with adequate sensing units contributes to achieving high spatial resolution for identifying various surface features. This high‐performance FPSA can obtain detailed pressure distribution for complex carved patterns. With the assistance of machine learning, the FPSA can realize precise tactile recognition, 98.48% accuracy for 12 types of mahjong tiles, indicating a promising potential in an intelligent recognition system. It is worth noting that the relationship between surface microstructures and consistency is systematically investigated for the first time, which offers valuable insights for the preparation of high‐performance sensor arrays.
Bonding Optimization Strategies for Flexibly Preparing Multi‐Component Piezoelectric Crystals
Authors: Bai Yuan , Tang Gang , Xie Lei , Lian He , Wang Shihao , Liu Chaopeng , Yu Qiao , Ji Jianying , Ren Kailiang , Cao Xiaodan , Li Cong , Zhou Lili , Shan Yizhu , Meng Hongyu , Li Zhou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlexible films with optimal piezoelectric performance and water‐triggered dissolution behavior are fabricated using the co‐dissolution–evaporation method by mixing trimethylchloromethyl ammonium chloride (TMCM‐Cl), CdCl2, and polyethylene oxide (PEO, a water‐soluble polymer). The resultant TMCM trichlorocadmium (TMCM‐CdCl3) crystal/PEO film exhibited the highest piezoelectric coefficient (d33) compared to the films employing other polymers because PEO lacks electrophilic or nucleophilic side‐chain groups and therefore exhibits relatively weaker and fewer bonding interactions with the crystal components. Furthermore, upon slightly increasing the amount of one precursor of TMCM‐CdCl3 during co‐dissolution, this component gained an advantage in the competition against PEO for bonding with the other precursor. This in turn improved the co‐crystallization yield of TMCM‐CdCl3 and further enhanced d33 to ≈71 pC/N, exceeding that of polyvinylidene fluoride (a commercial flexible piezoelectric) and most other molecular ferroelectric crystal‐based flexible films. This study presents an important innovation and progress in the methodology and theory for maintaining a high piezoelectric performance during the preparation of flexible multi‐component piezoelectric crystal films.
Geometrical Anatomy for Oxygen Vacancies in Epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Films Grown via Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: An Chihwan , Cho Jung Woo , Lee Tae Yoon , Song Myeong Seop , Kang Baekjune , Kim Hongju , Lee Jun Hee , Sohn Changhee , Chae Seung Chul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe selective influence of elastic strain on the formation of oxygen deficiencies in (001)‐, (110)‐, and (111)‐ epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films grown by using atomic layer deposition is reported. Optical spectroscopy, conducted using UV–vis spectroscopic ellipsometry on these Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films grown on yttria‐stabilized zirconia substrates, revealed a dominant shallow trap level in the (111)‐oriented Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy demonstrated that the strong oxygen deficiency is preferred in the (111)‐oriented Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film. Density functional theory calculations of oxygen vacancy formation energy also showed a pronounced preference for oxygen deficiencies in the (111) orientation. This selective formation of oxygen vacancies in the (111)‐oriented Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film suggests that the latent phenomena associated with oxygen defects in functional Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films are partly attributed to the directional strain in the (111) orientation.
Efficient Charge‐to‐Orbit Current Conversion for Orbital Torque Based Artificial Neurons and Synapses
Authors: Zhao Qian , Luo Xuming , Wu Huiliang , He Bin , Wang Quwen , Zhang Tengfei , Li Zimu , Liu Pan , Zhao Chenbo , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang , Yu Guoqiang , Wei Jinwu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrbital Hall effect (OHE) in light metal materials has attracted significant attention due to its potential applications in innovative orbitronic devices. Here, the OHE in titanium film is investigated and the orbital torque efficiency in Pt/[Co/Ni]3/Ti multilayers is characterized. A notable effective field per unit current density of orbital torque is achieved, nearing 560 Oe per 107 A cm−2 in a sample featuring 25 nm Ti layer. The corresponding orbital torque efficiency is ≈0.25. The resulting orbital torque effectively switches the perpendicularly magnetized moments in Co/Ni multilayers. In contrast, a reference sample of Pt/[Co/Ni]3/Pt demonstrates significantly lower switching efficiency. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the multi‐states switching driven by orbital torque in Pt/[Co/Ni]3/Ti structure can mimic the behaviors of artificial neurons and synapses. This work not only enhances the understanding of the orbital torque but also offers the development of novel orbitronic devices based on OHE.
Multistep Fabrication of OECTs via Direct Ink Writing, With Performance Analysis Based on a Novel Measurement Protocol
Authors: Ghafari Amir Mohammad , Backman Oskar , Rosqvist Emil , Xu Chunlin , Torsi Luisa , Macchia Eleonora , Österbacka Ronald 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been proven beneficial for bioelectronic applications. However, the demand for reliable and fast fabrication methods has not yet been fully met. In this work, OECTs are fabricated using direct ink writing (DIW). This method is cleanroom‐free and can be done without using lithography techniques. These devices are characterized and benchmarked against devices fabricated using spin‐coating and drop‐casting deposition approaches. Response time as well as the product of carrier charge mobility and volumetric capacitance are found to be higher using the DIW fabrication approach compared to standard deposition techniques. In addition, a testing process is designed to systematically evaluate the operational degradation of the semiconductor channel. This test enables identical conditions for all tested devices while providing comparable output. Thicker channels show better stability, while thinner channels are proved to be better transistors. Finally, the degradation issues and instability of these devices are discussed.
Quantifying Heterogeneous Degradation Pathways and Deformation Fields in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Hu Ji , Young Robert Scott , Lukic Bratislav , Broche Ludovic , Jervis Rhodri , Shearing Paul R. , Di Michiel Marco , Withers Philip J. , Rettie Alexander , Paul Partha P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolid‐state batteries are compelling candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices, promising both high energy density and improved safety, by utilizing metallic Li as the negative electrode. However, they suffer from poor cyclability and rate capability, which limits their wide application. Degradation in these devices occurs through complex mechanical, chemical and electrochemical pathways, all of which produce heterogeneous deformation fields. Therefore, isolating solid‐state degradation mechanisms, and explicitly linking them to the associated deformation fields requires a multimodal characterization strategy. Here, a novel 3‐D, in situ methodology for linking degradation to deformation in solid‐state cells is presented. X‐ray imaging is used to measure the morphological degradation, and combined with X‐ray diffraction to quantify (electro)chemical aspects. Finally, the heterogeneous stress fields from these various pathways are mapped in situ. This heterogeneity is shown globally, from the interface to the bulk electrolyte, as well as locally, around features such as cracks and voids. Through these analyses, it is possible to delineate the effects of solid electrolyte processing, cell assembly, and cycling on the end‐of‐life state of the cell. Moreover, the importance of stress mitigation in these cells is highlighted, with mean stresses around the interface and some cracks comfortably exceeding the elastic limit of Li.
Critical Human and Organizational Factors for Structural Safety in the Dutch Construction Industry
Authors: Ren Xin , Terwel Karel C. , Yang Ming , van Gelder Pieter H. A. J. M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman errors are widely acknowledged as the primary cause of structural failures in the construction industry. Research has found that such errors arise from the situation created by human factors and organizational factors embedded in the task context. However, these contextual factors have not been adequately addressed in the construction industry. Therefore, this study aims to identify the critical Human and Organizational Factors (HOFs) that influence structural safety in frequently performed tasks in structural design and construction.MethodsThrough a comprehensive literature review, a framework consisting of potential critical factors called the HOPE framework, is presented. To identify the most critical HOFs that contribute to human error occurrences, a questionnaire survey to experts in the Dutch construction industry was conducted. Finally, the resulting framework was compared with three actual structural failures for validation.ResultsThis study shows that the HOFs should be extended with project‐related factors (P) and working environment‐related factors (E) due to the fact that these task contextual conditions play a significant role in shaping professionals' on‐the‐job performance. Furthermore, a survey identified 14 HOFs as critical in contributing to an error‐prone situation in the structural design and construction tasks.ConclusionThe presented HOPE framework and the identified critical HOFs for structural safety can assist engineers with better hazard identification and quality assurance in practice.
Solvent, Concentration and Temperature Effects in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐Li3PO4 Coating Processes
Authors: Mereacre Valeriu , Stüble Pirmin , Binder Joachim R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe spinel material LiNi0.5‐xMn1.5+xO4 (LNMO) represents a very promising cathode candidate due to its high operating voltage and high specific capacity. Unfortunately, this material is suffering from capacity degradation and a low degree of cyclability at normal and elevated temperatures. Herein, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an activating reagent, an improvement of the spinel electrochemical properties is achieved by coating the spinel with Li3PO4. The coating method is simple, has a low cost, it could be done in both organic or water solutions, and results in homogeneously coated particles. The structure and the electrochemical properties of the prepared cathodes were probed using XRD, SEM, EDS and electrochemical studies. It was established that the coating has a positive effect on the stability and performance of LNMO. As result, a long cycling stability and very good rate performance (~99 % capacity retention over 300 cycles at 1 C) was achieved.