bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of spermine and nitrogen deficiency on growth and secondary metabolites accumulation in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. cultured in a RITA® temporary immersion system
Authors: Rubio‐Rodríguez Elizabeth , López‐Laredo Alma Rosa , Medina‐Pérez Virginia , Trejo‐Tapia Gabriela , Trejo‐Espino José Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effect of exogenous spermine (SPM) on Castilleja tenuiflora shoots developing under nitrogen deficiency (ND) stress was evaluated. Shoots cultivated in a temporary immersion system were subjected to four experimental treatments: (1) control; (2) exogenous SPM; (3) ND; and (4) ND+SPM. Shoots were longer in the ND+SPM treatment (6.3 ± 0.5 cm) than in the ND treatment (4.2 ± 0.5 cm). The total chlorophyll content was similar in the control and SPM treatments (0.41 µg mg−1 FM) and the highest values of total phenolic content were detected at 21 days in the ND+SPM treatment (84.1 ± 0.05 GAE g−1 DM). In the ND+SPM treatment, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased earlier than in ND treatment, and reached its maximum at day 21 (3.9 ± 0.2 µmol E‐CIN h−1 mg−1 protein). Compared with the control, the ND and ND+SPM treatments resulted in increased secondary metabolites contents in both root and aerial parts. The strongest effect was in the roots, where the SPM and ND+SPM treatments both resulted in increased quercetin content (4.3‐fold that in the control). Our results showed that SPM partially counteract the damage caused by ND and results in increased contents of valuable bioactive compounds.
In sito galanthamine extraction during the cultivation of Leucojum aestivum L. shoot culture in two‐phase bubble column cultivation system
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Berkov Strahi , Pavlov Atanas , Georgiev Vasil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo‐phase bioreactor cultivation system was developed and applied for in sito recovery of extracellular galanthamine during the cultivation of Leucojum aestivum L. shoot culture in a modified column bioreactor system. The inclusion of an external circulation column with adsorbent resin Amberlite XAD‐4 as a second phase, on the 21st day of the beginning of cultivation resulted in 1.25 folds increase in biomass accumulation and maximal amounts of accumulated galanthamine of 6 mg/L (3.1 mg/L intracellular and 2.9 mg/L extracellular). It was demonstrated that the inclusion of a second phase at the cultivation of the L. aestivum shoot culture in a bubble column bioreactor with internal sections redirected the alkaloid metabolism to galanthamine synthesis and inhibits the synthesis of hemanthamine and lycorine type alkaloids. Our research demonstrated that the application of the two‐phase cultivation systems could be an important tool to increase the yields of valuable secondary metabolites in plant tissue culture‐based bioprocess.
Aiming for smart wind energy: A comparison analysis between wind speed forecasting techniques
Authors: Alhaddad Mohamad , Ever Enver , Fahrioglu Murat , Al‐Turjman Fadi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmart cities are one of the promising application areas where the energy management (supply/dispatch) issues have the potential to positively affect the society. In the common era of information and technology, the consumers expect the required amount of energy to be present at anytime. This energy is obtained through renewable and nonrenewable resources. Smart wind energy is the idea of efficient energy generation utilizing the wind while satisfyinggreenexpectations. However, the random characteristics caused by various external factors have significant effects on wind speeds, thus introducing difficulties in power systems operations and energy generation. Forecasting techniques can be effectively used to predict future wind speeds and power generation to optimize the energy output. The objective of this study is to provide a framework for a local smart‐city wind energy harvesting model. Our study evaluates wind speed forecasting models based on synced weather characteristics (air temperature, humidity, and pressure), against models based on wind speed data itself. The produced models are implemented viak‐nearest neighbors and linear regression. Two different data sets are addressed for performance comparison purposes. The first one is 5 years of 10‐minute time span measurements at Middle East Technical University campus. The second data set is 3 years of the same time span at a site in California, USA. The accuracy of predictions is found to be higher for the data sets with lower variance (METU data set). However, the models fit the higher variance (NREL data set) data better than the lower one.
Two‐dimensional DOA estimation for noncoherent and coherent signals using subspace approach
Authors: Shahimaeen Assieh , Dehghani Mohammad Javad , Dodangeh Mahdi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of two‐dimensional (2D) direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation for a mixture of noncoherent and coherent signals impinging on two parallel uniform linear arrays. It adopts the principal‐eigenvector utilization for modal analysis (PUMA)–based algorithm. The algorithm offers a closed‐form solution for updating the 2D DOA estimation and pairs the estimated angles automatically as well as has mild computational complexity. Finally, simulation results confirm that our PUMA‐based algorithm has good performance in handling 2D DOA estimation even in the presence of coherent signals.
Simplified lattice Boltzmann method for non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid flows
Authors: Chen Zhen , Shu Chang 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we present a simplified lattice Boltzmann method for non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid flows. The new method adopts the predictor‐corrector scheme and reconstructs solutions to the macroscopic equations recovered from the lattice Boltzmann equation through Chapman‐Enskog expansion analysis. The truncated power‐law model is incorporated into this method to locally adjust the physical viscosity and the associated relaxation parameter, which recovers the non‐Newtonian behaviors. Compared with existing non‐Newtonian lattice Boltzmann models, the proposed method directly evolves the macroscopic variables instead of the distribution functions, which eliminates the intrinsic drawbacks like high cost in virtual memory and inconvenient implementation of physical boundary conditions. The validity of the method is demonstrated by benchmark tests and comparisons with analytical solution or numerical results in the literature. Benchmark solutions to the three‐dimensional lid‐driven cavity flow of non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid are also provided for future reference.
Effect of various additives on the properties of the films and coatings derived from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose—A review
Authors: Ghadermazi Reza , Hamdipour Saeid , Sadeghi Kambiz , Ghadermazi Rojin , Khosrowshahi Asl Asghar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEdible films and coating materials are commonly used as appropriate packaging materials to extend the shelf life of fresh food. Due to all their properties, edible film and coating materials have been received much attention. They are biodegradable, edible, and good barrier against environmental parameters; thereby, they could carry and deliver food additives protecting food quality. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a cellulose derivatives, can act as an excellent film‐forming agent for coating food produces. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the HPMC properties and investigate the effects of various additives on its film‐forming properties, such as rheological behavior, water vapor, and gas permeability, as well as mechanical, optical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, with a focus on the recent progress and outputs, which has been recently published. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is prone to be commonly used as an advanced film‐forming and coating materials for the sake of well miscibility with a wide range of organic and inorganic materials. However, this polymer requires further improvements regarding moisture susceptibility and thermal properties.
Carbonized Tree‐Like Furry Magnolia Fruit‐Based Evaporator Replicating the Feat of Plant Transpiration
Authors: Bian Yue , Shen Yang , Tang Kun , Du Qianqian , Hao Licai , Liu Dongyang , Hao Jinggang , Zhou Dong , Wang Xiaokun , Zhang Huiling , Li Peiye , Sang Yimeng , Yuan Xiu , Zhao Lijuan , Ye Jiandong , Liu Bin , Lu Hai , Yang Yi , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Xiong Xiang , Gu Shulin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt has long been an aspirational goal to create artificial evaporators that allow omnidirectional energy absorptance, adequate water supply, and fast vapor transportation, replicating the feat of plant transpiration, to solve the global water crisis. This work reveals that magnolia fruits, as a kind of tree‐like living organism, can be outstanding 3D tree‐like evaporators through a simple carbonization process. The arterial pumping, branched diffusion, and confined evaporation are achieved by the “trunk,” “branches,” and “leaves,” respectively, of the mini tree. The mini tree possesses omnidirectional high light absorptance with minimized heat loss and gains energy from the environment. Water confined in the fruit possesses reduced vaporization enthalpy and transports quickly following the Murray's law. A record‐high vapor generation rate of 1.22 kg m−2 h−1 in dark and 3.15 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination is achieved under the assistance of the gully‐like furry surface. The “absorption of nutrients” enables the fruit to recover valuable heavy metals as well as to produce clean water from wastewater efficiently. These findings not only reveal the hidden talent of magnolia fruits as cheap materials for vapor generation but also inspire future development of high‐performance, full‐time, and all‐weather vapor generation and water treatment devices.
Inequity in utilizing health services in the Brazilian Amazon: A population‐based survey, 2015
Authors: Galvao Tais Freire , Tiguman Gustavo Magno Baldin , Caicedo Roa Mónica , Silva Marcus Tolentino 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlthough Brazil has a public and universal healthcare system, utilization of health services is marked by social and regional discrepancies.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with underutilization of healthcare services in the Brazilian Amazon.MethodCross‐sectional, population‐based study. Adults aged over 18 years old were selected through probabilistic sampling. Underutilization of healthcare services was defined as never seeing a physician or a dentist. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A complex sample design was considered.ResultsA total of 4001 individuals were included, of which 419 (10.4%; 95% CI, 9.5‐11.4%) never visited a physician or a dentist. In the adjusted analysis, underutilization was higher among poorer people (PR = 3.32; 95% CI, 2.16‐5.11), men (PR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.65), people with brown skin color (Brazilian mixed race; PR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.76), and people who are separated (PR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.94) and widowed (PR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02‐2.37), when compared with the reference categories. Individuals with informal jobs, those who are retired, students/housewives, and unemployed people were more vulnerable to underutilization than formal workers (P < .04).ConclusionUnderutilization of healthcare services occurs in one‐tenth of adults in Manaus Metropolitan Region and is associated with social and economic inequities.
Blockchain adoption is inevitable—Barriers and risks remain
Authors: Prewett Kyleen W. , Prescott Gregory L. , Phillips Kirk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBlockchain technology possesses a vast potential to transform traditional business models. Savvy business executives are already exploring how blockchain might impact their industries and their competitive positions within those industries. Yet, there are significant barriers and risks associated with blockchain technology. In this article, we highlight some of the major obstacles and risks associated with this transformative technology. The topics discussed here are neither definitive nor comprehensive; however, they provide accounting and finance professionals with a timely introduction to the barriers and perils related to blockchain technology. Although blockchain adoption is inevitable for business enterprises, careful consideration of the risks and challenges before, during, and after blockchain implementation will help ensure long‐term success.
Prognostic value of periostin in multiple solid cancers: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , Deng Zhengdong , Pan Zhongya , Qian Yawei , Yao Wei , Wang Jianming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the expression of periostin (POSTN) is significantly correlated with prognosis in multiple solid cancers. However, the function of POSTN in tumorigenesis and its relationship with clinical outcomes have not been systematically summarized and analyzed. Thus, a meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic pertinence of POSTN in solid cancer. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases, and a total of 10 studies were used to assess the association of POSTN expression and patients’ overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% conﬁdence intervals (95% CIs) were further calculated to estimate the association between POSTN and relevant clinical parameters of solid cancer patients. The pooled results indicated that POSTN overexpression was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.88–2.93, p < .00001) and DFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI = 2.00–3.65, p < .00001) in a cohort of 993 patients with cancer. Subsequent analyses showed that the positive expression ratio of POSTN was evidently higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues (OR = 7.44, 95% CI = 3.66–13.95, p < .00001). In addition, subgroup analysis showed that POSTN was related to microvascular invasion (OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 3.07–8.44, p < .00001), tumor differentiation (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.41–2.91, p = .0001), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.01–4.64, p < .00001). These data showed that POSTN could be a credible prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid cancer.
Transition‐metal‐free N‐arylation: A general approach to aza‐fused poly‐heteroaromatics
Authors: Annareddygari Srikanth , Kasireddy Venkateshwer Reddy , Reddy Jayachandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new and efficient method for the synthesis of various aza‐fused poly‐hetero aromatics has been described. This protocol includes an intermolecular condensation followed by metal‐free base‐promoted intramolecular C―N coupling reaction. The advantage of this one‐pot transformation lies in the use of simple cyclic amidines‐like compounds without prefunctionalization of the starting heterocycles.
MRI findings in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Kunimatsu Akira , Yasaka Koichiro , Akai Hiroyuki , Kunimatsu Natsuko , Abe Osamu 
Published: September 2019

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that develops after a person experiences one or more traumatic events, characterized by intrusive recollection, avoidance of trauma‐related events, hyperarousal, and negative cognitions and mood. Neurophysiological evidence suggests that the development of PTSD is ascribed to functional abnormalities in fear learning, threat detection, executive function and emotional regulation, and contextual processing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a primary role in both structural and functional neuroimaging for PTSD, demonstrating focal atrophy of the gray matter, altered fractional anisotropy, and altered focal neural activity and functional connectivity. MRI findings have implicated that brain regions associated with PTSD pathophysiology include the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, lentiform nucleus, amygdala, hippocampus and parahippocampus, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, cuneus, fusiform and lingual gyri, and the white matter tracts connecting these brain regions. Of these, alterations in the anterior cingulate, amygdala, hippocampus, and insula are highly reproducible across structural and functional MRI, supporting the hypothesis that abnormalities in fear learning and reactions to threat play an important role in the development of PTSD. In addition, most of these structures have been known to belong to one or more intrinsic brain networks regulating autobiographical memory retrieval and self‐thought, salience detection and autonomic responses, or attention and emotional control. Altered functional brain networks have been shown in PTSD. Therefore, in PTSD MRI is expected to reflect disequilibrium among functional brain networks, malfunction within an individual network, and impaired brain structures closely interacting with the networks.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:380–396.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 13
Authors: Cubillos Bojacá Andrés F , García Muñoz María C , Calvo Salamanca Ana M , Carvajal Rojas Guillermo H , Tarazona‐Díaz Martha P 
Published: September 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Study of the physical and chemical changes during the maturation of three cocoa clones, EET8, CCN51, and ICS60 by Andrés F Cubillos Bojacá et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9882.Cover image ©AGROSAVIA Images.
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Interface‐Initiated Polymerization Enables One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Xiaomin , Wang Wenjian , Xu Zhiguang , Zhao Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnlike oil‐absorbing hydrophobic and oleophilic materials, porous materials that simultaneously display hydrophilicity and oleophobicity in air are rare, but they are unique in selectively removing water from bulk oil. Preparation of such porous materials is limited to the surface coating of raw porous materials, which faces problems such as pore clogging and uneven coating on inner surfaces. Herein, a one‐pot approach to fabricating hydrophilic and oleophobic foams from oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsions through a facile interface‐initiated polymerization strategy is reported. The foams have interconnected macroporous structure. They can absorb water drops quickly while repelling oils in air. Such foams may find applications not only in oil–water separation (e.g., fuel purification), but also for efficient removal of contaminants (e.g., dyes) from oil‐containing wastewater, where the oleophobicity helps foams to eliminate the oil fouling issue.
Brain Iron and Metabolic Abnormalities in C19orf12 Mutation Carriers: A 7.0 Tesla MRI Study in Mitochondrial Membrane Protein–Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Dusek Petr , Mekle Ralf , Skowronska Marta , Acosta‐Cabronero Julio , Huelnhagen Till , Robinson Simon Daniel , Schubert Florian , Deschauer Marcus , Els Antje , Ittermann Bernd , Schottmann Gudrun , Madai Vince I. , Paul Friedemann , Klopstock Thomas , Kmiec Tomasz , Niendorf Thoralf , Wuerfel Jens , Schneider Susanne A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration is an autosomal‐recessive disorder caused by C19orf12 mutations and characterized by iron deposits in the basal ganglia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify iron concentrations in deep gray matter structures using quantitative susceptibility mapping MRI and to characterize metabolic abnormalities in the pyramidal pathway using 1H MR spectroscopy in clinically manifesting membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration patients and asymptomatic C19orf12 gene mutation heterozygous carriers.MethodsWe present data of 4 clinically affected membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration patients (mean age: 21.0 ± 2.9 years) and 9 heterozygous gene mutation carriers (mean age: 50.4 ± 9.8 years), compared to age‐matched healthy controls. MRI assessments were performed on a 7.0 Tesla whole‐body system, consisting of whole‐brain gradient‐echo scans and short echo time, single‐volume MR spectroscopy in the white matter of the precentral/postcentral gyrus. Quantitative susceptibility mapping, a surrogate marker for iron concentration, was performed using a state‐of‐the‐art multiscale dipole inversion approach with focus on the globus pallidus, thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and SN.Results and ConclusionIn membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration patients, magnetic susceptibilities were 2 to 3 times higher in the globus pallidus (P = 0.02) and SN (P = 0.02) compared to controls. In addition, significantly higher magnetic susceptibility was observed in the caudate nucleus (P = 0.02). Non‐manifesting heterozygous mutation carriers exhibited significantly increased magnetic susceptibility (relative to controls) in the putamen (P = 0.003) and caudate nucleus (P = 0.001), which may be an endophenotypic marker of genetic heterozygosity. MR spectroscopy revealed significantly increased levels of glutamate, taurine, and the combined concentration of glutamate and glutamine in membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration, which may be a correlate of corticospinal pathway dysfunction frequently observed in membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration patients. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effect of intravenously injected gadolinium‐based contrast agents on functional lung parameters derived by PREFUL MRI
Authors: Glandorf Julian , Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of intravenously administered gadolinium‐based contrast agents on functional ventilation and perfusion parameters derived by phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI.MethodsFourteen participants underwent functional MRI at 1.5T using a 2D spoiled gradient echo sequence during free breathing. Three data sets of PREFUL images were obtained—the 1st data set was acquired in mean 33:46 min (SD = 6:20 min) prior, the 2nd and 3rd data sets 43 and 91 s (both SD = 1.9 s), respectively, after i.v. application of gadobutrol. Full respiratory and cardiac cycles were reconstructed and functional parameters of regional ventilation (RV), perfusion (Q), and quantified perfusion (QQuant) together with perfusion‐defected percentages (QDP), ventilation‐defected percentages (VDP), and ventilation–perfusion match (VQM) were calculated and compared for systematic differences between the acquired data sets.ResultsRV‐ and Q‐values presented no significant alteration after gadobutrol administration. Consequently, QDP, VDP, and VQ maps were not significantly different. Sørensen–Dice coefficients of QDP and VDP maps between the different series varied up to ±9%. QQuant was significantly increased after the application of gadobutrol (1st vs. 2nd series, P = 0.0021; 1st vs. 3rd, P = 0.0188), which can be explained by the velocity‐dependent signal in the completely blood‐filled voxel (ROI of the aorta) after shortening of T1 relaxation time (1st vs. 2nd series, P = 0.0003; 1st vs. 3rd series, P = 0.0008).ConclusionExcept for quantified perfusion, all evaluated functional parameters including ventilation‐ and perfusion‐weighted maps derived by PREFUL MRI were independent of gadolinium‐based contrast agents, which is important for the design of MRI protocols in future studies.