bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release of Singlet Oxygen from Aromatic Endoperoxides by Chemical Triggers
Authors: Fudickar Werner , Linker Torsten 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe generation of reactive singlet oxygen under mild conditions is of current interest in chemistry, biology, and medicine. We were able to release oxygen from dipyridylanthracene endoperoxides (EPOs) by using a simple chemical trigger at low temperature. Protonation and methylation of such EPOs strongly accelerated these reactions. Furthermore, the methyl pyridinium derivatives are water soluble and therefore serve as oxygen carriers in aqueous media. Methylation of the EPO of the ortho isomer affords the parent form directly without increasing the temperature under very mild conditions. This exceptional behavior is ascribed to the close contact between the nitrogen atom and the peroxo group. Singlet oxygen is released upon this reaction, and can be used to oxygenate an acceptor such as tetramethylethylene in the dark with no heating. Thus, a new chemical source of singlet oxygen has been found, which is triggered by a simple stimulus.
The availability of freshwater fish resources is maintained across a land‐use gradient in Sabah, Borneo
Authors: Wilkinson Clare L. , Yeo Darren C.J. , Tan Heok Hui , Hadi Fikri Arman , Ewers Robert M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Freshwater fish are a vital resource for local communities across the rural tropics. In Southeast Asia, biodiversity‐rich forests are being logged and converted to extensive oil palm monocultures. This clearly has impacts on associated freshwater ecosystems, but the impact on their biodiversity remains largely understudied and poorly understood, despite the important provisioning service that freshwater fishes provide for human well‐being.
This study quantifies the biomass stocks of freshwater fish across a land‐use gradient encompassing primary forest, twice‐logged forest, and oil palm plantations in Sabah, Malaysia, in an area where local communities are known to harvest freshwater fish. Stream fish were sampled using a cast net, the dominant technique used by local fishermen, in 200‐m‐long transects in 16 streams over three sampling years (2011, 2013, and 2015).
Unexpectedly, no impact from land use on total fish availability was detected. There were no significant differences in fish species richness or, most importantly, biomass per unit fishing effort across the land‐use gradient. There was variation in the responses of five known food species (Tor tambra, Hampala sabana, Barbodes sealei, Barbonymus balleroides, and Gastromyzon lepidogaster), and these small differences are attributed to variation in species habitat selection that co‐vary with land‐use change.
Despite evidence to suggest that freshwater fish communities are resilient to land‐use change, they still face risks associated with disturbance, such as invasion by alien species; furthermore, several of the more stenotopic species were only present in primary forest catchments. Nonetheless, freshwater fish in small headwater streams appear to represent a sustainable food resource for villages established in human‐modified forests or in developed oil palm plantations.
Are we overdosing treatment? Secondary findings from a study following women with bulimia nervosa after inpatient treatment
Authors: Beintner Ina , Jacobi Corinna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveProvision of eating disorder (ED) treatment in practice is often guided by national health service structures rather than evidence‐based treatment recommendations. Especially for more severely or chronically ill patients, clinicians seem to advocate a “the more the better” strategy of treatment provision. Exploring the dose‐response relationship in ED treatment may shed light on both beneficial and detrimental effects of prolonged treatment provision.MethodWe utilized data from 64 women from the treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) group of a randomized controlled trial on Internet‐based aftercare for women with bulimia nervosa who had received inpatient treatment. We examined the relationship between treatment duration and dose and (1) baseline patient characteristics and (2) treatment outcomes (abstinence from binge eating and compensatory behaviors, frequency of binge eating and vomiting, thin ideal internalization, and general psychopathology) at 18‐month follow up.ResultsOn average, the women in our study were hospitalized for 9 weeks and most received high doses of subsequent outpatient psychotherapy (median: 45 sessions). The severity of symptoms that a patient experienced at hospital admission or discharge was largely unrelated to the amount of outpatient treatment she subsequently received. Longer inpatient treatments or higher doses of subsequent outpatient treatment did not result in more favorable outcomes.DiscussionOur findings suggest that, instead of providing costly long treatment without evidenced benefit to patients, there is a need for further exploration of and discussion about the risks and benefits of providing high doses of treatment for both individuals and the health care system.
The impact of patient‐centered medical homes on medication adherence?
Authors: David Guy , Saynisch Philip , Luster Spencer , Smith‐McLallen Aaron , Chawla Ravi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccreditation of providers helps resolve the pervasive information asymmetries in health care markets. However, meeting accreditation standards typically involves flexibility in implementation, leading to heterogeneity in performance. For example, the patient‐centered medical home (PCMH) is a leading model for recognizing high‐performing primary care practices. Flexibility in PCMH implementation allows for varying degrees of emphasis on processes designed to enhance medication adherence. To assess the impact of the PCMH on adherence, we combine 6 years of detailed patient claims data with a novel dataset containing detailed practice‐level PCMH attributes. We study the effects of the number and configuration of adherence‐relevant capabilities, using variation in the timing of PCMH adoption to estimate its impact. While PCMH adoption improved overall medication adherence, when combining claims data with the unique recognition data detailing what PCMH capabilities were adopted, we find that these gains are concentrated among patients in practices that adopted more adherence‐relevant capabilities. Despite mixed evidence in the literature concerning costs and utilization, our results indicate that PCMH recognition improves medication adherence.
Custom‐made root‐analogue zirconia implants: A scoping review on mechanical and biological benefits
Authors: Pessanha‐Andrade Miguel , Sordi Mariane B. , Henriques Bruno , Silva Filipe S. , Teughels Wim , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the potential benefits of custom‐made root‐analogue zirconia implants. A PubMed and ScienceDirect bibliographical search was carried out from 1969 to 2017. The increased interest in zirconia‐based dental structures linked to aesthetic and biological outcomes have been reported in literature. Recent technological advances have focused on novel strategies for modification of zirconia‐based surfaces to accelerate osseointegration. However, only a few studies revealed mechanical and biological benefits of custom‐made root‐analogue zirconia implants and therefore further studies should investigate the influence of different design and surface modification on the performance of such implants. Custom‐made root‐analogue zirconia implants have become a viable alternative to overcome limitations concerning stress distribution, aesthetics, and peri‐implantitis induced by biofilms. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies on surface–bone interactions and mechanical behavior of zirconia should be evaluated to reduce clinical issues regarding mechanical failures and late peri‐implant bone loss. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2888–2900, 2018.
African Americans and Caribbean Blacks: Perceived neighborhood disadvantage and depression
Authors: Hastings Julia F. , Snowden Lonnie R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to advance a theoretical understanding of the effects of impoverished neighborhoods on mental health and to inform policy measures encouraging residents to leave such neighborhoods. To do this, we investigated whether individuals’ perceived neighborhood disadvantage served as a risk factor for clinical depression in a nationally representative sample of African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. We performed logistic regression analysis on stratified socioeconomic status (SES) subsamples from the National Survey of American Life sample of 5,019 African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. The association between perceived neighborhood social disorder and past‐year depression was statistically significant for low‐SES individuals (at or below the federal poverty line; odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.81], p = 0.026) and at the boundary of significance for middle‐SES individuals (between 100% and 300% of the poverty line; OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.00, 3.02], p = 0.052), but not for high‐SES individuals (at or above 300% of the poverty line). Results suggest, at least for low‐ and middle‐income African Americans, perceived neighborhood social disorder is a risk factor for depression. U.S. housing policies aimed at neighborhood improvement and poverty de‐concentration may benefit the mental health of low‐income African Americans and Caribbean Blacks.
“Dicranin” in the Membrane Phospholipids of a Dicranaceae and Pottiaceae Moss Member of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Roy Chowdhuri Sumedha , Biswas Raha Anashuya , Mitra Souvik , Datta Jayashree , Poddar Sarkar Mousumi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe phospholipids of two moss samples Oreoweisia laxifolia (Hookf.) Kindb. (family‐Dicranaceae Schimp.) and Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Margad (family‐Pottiaceae Schimp.) of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot were investigated to find out any peculiarity in their fatty acid profiles. Detailed analysis of phospholipid classes and the respective fatty acids was performed using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. An array of different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were detected in both the samples. Although it has been proposed previously that acetylenic fatty acids are associated only with triacylglycerol of storage lipids, the most striking observation of the present investigation is the abundance of an acetylenic fatty acid, octadeca‐6‐yn‐9,12,15‐trienoic acid (18:4a), or Dicranin, in the phospholipids of both the mosses. The position of the triple bond in the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acids was confirmed by dimethyloxazoline derivatization of fatty acids and their characteristic mass fragmentation pattern. The occurrence of Dicranin in phospholipids and in the Pottiaceae family is reported for the first time, with substantial explanations of the observed results. This may raise the issue of rethinking “Dicranin” as a chemotaxonomic marker of Dicranaceae.
Soyasaponins Reduce Inflammation and Improve Serum Lipid Profiles and Glucose Homeostasis in High Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Xie Qunying , Gu Xiangfu , Chen Junbin , Liu Minshun , Xiong Fei , Wu Xinglong , Zhang Yajie , Chen Fengping , Chen Honger , Li Meijuan , Sun Suxia , Chu Xinwei , Zha Longying 
Published: August 2018

ScopeObesity is linked to a chronic low‐grade inflammatory state that contributes to the development of obesity‐associated metabolic disorders. The anti‐inflammatory activities and mechanisms of soyasaponin monomers (A1, A2, and I) have been recently demonstrated in cell models. However, their potential in vivo abilities to reduce chronic inflammation and alleviate metabolic disorders in obese status remain unclear.Methods and resultsHigh fat diet (HFD)‐fed obese male C57BL/6J mice are intervened by aspirin (0.1 mg kg–1 body weight) or 20 mg kg–1 of soyasaponins A1, A2, or I for 8 weeks. Soyasaponins A1, A2, and I significantly reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines/mediators in serum, liver, and white adipose tissues (WATs), improve serum lipid profiles, decrease liver cholesterol, triglyceride and steatosis, and promote fecal excretion of cholesterol, triglycerides, and bile acids. Soyasaponins A1, A2, and I also decrease IKKα/β phosphorylation in liver and WATs and reduce NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and CD68 mRNA and protein expression in WATs. Soyasaponins A1 and A2 but not I decrease NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation in liver and adipocytes hypertrophy in WATs. In addition, Soyasaponin A2 but not A1 nor I decreases fasting blood glucose and improved insulin resistance.ConclusionSoyasaponins reduce inflammation and improve serum lipid profiles and glucose homeostasis in HFD‐induced obese mice.
Finite time estimation through a continuous‐discrete observer
Authors: Mazenc Frédéric , Ahmed Saeed , Malisoff Michael 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe study two broad classes of nonlinear time‐varying continuous‐time systems with outputs. For the first class, we build an observer in the case where a state dependent disturbance affects the linear approximation. When the disturbances are the zero functions, our observer provides exact values of the state at all times larger than a suitable finite time, and it provides an approximate estimate when there are nonzero disturbances, so our observers are called finite time observers. We use this construction, which is of interest for its own sake, to design a globally exponentially stabilizing dynamic output feedback for a family of nonlinear systems whose outputs are only available on some finite time intervals. Our simulations illustrate the efficacy of our methods.
Replacement of an Azide Group with Carbonyl‐Azide in Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Materials: Searching for Possible Alternatives with a Computational Approach
Authors: Devi Alka , Ghule Vikas D. , Nirwan Ayushi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work describes the computational design of nitrogen‐rich carbonyl‐azides as promising energetic materials. Carbonyl‐azide group is introduced by replacing azide functionality in 5‐ and 6‐membered nitrogen‐rich heterocyclic compounds and inquired using density functional theory (DFT). The energetic properties including density, heat of formation (HOF), velocity of detonation, detonation pressure, explosive power, flame temperature and sensitivity have been computed with well‐known approaches. The predicted results reveal that the replacement of azide with carbonyl‐azide helping to acquire higher densities but undesirable towards achieving higher HOF and detonation properties. The sensitivity correlation with heat of detonation indicates that the carbonyl‐azide group is more beneficial for reducing the sensitivity than azide group. The predicted energetic properties of carbonyl‐azides were compared with corresponding azide explosives and imply their explosophoric nature.
Spectrum characterization of two types of long‐period ground motions and seismic behavior of frame‐core wall structures under multidimensional earthquake records
Authors: Cheng Yu , Bai Guoliang , Dong Yaorong 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWith the wide application of long period such as high‐rise and super high‐rise buildings, long‐period ground movement can easily cause resonant effects and serious destructions on the long‐period structures. The Fourier amplitude spectrum and response spectrum of three translational components about typical and actually measured long‐period ground motions show that all three translational components exhibit the long‐period characterization and the dynamic behavior and seismic damage of high‐rise buildings subjected to multidimensional long‐period earthquake records urgently deserves further study. Then, the analytical method of numerical simulation was employed to establish the finite element model of a high‐rise frame‐core wall structure with the fundamental period of 2.64 s. And the suggested modeling techniques and the accuracy of the numerical method were verified. Furthermore, the nonlinear time history analysis on the reinforced concrete frame‐core wall structures subjected to multidimensional long‐period earthquake records was conducted, and the seismic behavior of the structure were studied. The analytical results show that the mutual interaction on strength and stiffness under 2‐D or 3‐D long‐period seismic action will obviously amplify the dynamic behavior and seismic damage of the structure. The distribution rule about the weakest story, the design focus of seismic defense line, the distribution rule of hysteretic energy and the characteristics of destructive mode can provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of high‐rise structures subjected to long‐period earthquake records.
Expression of Concern: Facial feature discovery for ethnicity recognition
Authors: Wang Cunrui , Zhang Qingling , Liu Wanquan , Liu Yu , Miao Lixin 
Published: August 2018

The salient facial feature discovery is one of the important research tasks in ethnical group face recognition. In this paper, we first construct an ethnical group face dataset including Chinese Uyghur, Tibetan, and Korean. Then, we show that the effective sparse sensing approach to general face recognition is not working anymore for ethnical group facial recognition if the features based on whole face image are used. This is partially due to a fact that each ethnical group may have its own characteristics manifesting only in specified face regions. Therefore, we will analyze the particularity of three ethnical groups and aim to find the common characterizations in some local regions for the three ethnical groups. For this purpose, we first use the facial landmark detector STASM to find some important landmarks in a face image, then, we use the well‐known data mining technique, the mRMR algorithm, to select the salient geometric length features based on all possible lines connected by any two landmarks. Second, based on these selected salient features, we construct three “T” regions in a face image for ethnical feature representation and prove them to be effective areas for ethnicity recognition. Finally, some extensive experiments are conducted and the results reveal that the proposed “T” regions with extracted features are quite effective for ethnical group facial recognition when theL2‐norm is adopted using the sparse sensing approach. In comparison to face recognition, the proposed three “T” regions are evaluated on the olivetti research laboratory face dataset, and the results show that the constructed “T” regions for ethnicity recognition are not suitable for general face recognition.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Structure DiscoveryAlgorithmic Development > Biological Data MiningFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge RepresentationTechnologies > Classification
Targeted siRNA delivery using aptamer‐siRNA chimeras and aptamer‐conjugated nanoparticles
Authors: Sivakumar Padmanaban , Kim Sumin , Kang Han Chang , Shim Min Suk 
Published: August 2018

The sequence‐specific gene‐silencing ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been exploited as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, efficient and safe delivery of siRNA into target cells is still a challenge in the clinical development of siRNA‐based therapeutics. Recently, nucleic acid‐based aptamers that target cell surface proteins have emerged as a new class of targeting moieties due to their high specificity and avidity. To date, various aptamer‐mediated siRNA delivery systems have been developed to enhance the RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy of siRNA via targeted delivery. In this review, we summarize recent advances in developing aptamer‐mediated siRNA delivery systems for RNAi therapeutics, mainly aptamer–siRNA chimeras and aptamer‐functionalized nanocarriers incorporating siRNA, with a focus on their molecular designs and formulations. In addition, the challenges and engineering strategies of aptamer‐mediated siRNA delivery systems for clinical translation are discussed.This article is categorized under:

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Associations between recent and established ophthalmic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Cecilia S. , Larson Eric B. , Gibbons Laura E. , Lee Aaron Y. , McCurry Susan M. , Bowen James D. , McCormick Wayne C. , Crane Paul K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying ophthalmic diseases associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may enable better screening and understanding of those at risk of AD.MethodsDiagnoses of glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes for 3877 participants from the Adult Changes in Thought study. The adjusted hazard ratio for developing probable or possible AD for recent (within 5 years) and established (>5 years) diagnoses were assessed.ResultsOver 31,142 person‐years of follow‐up, 792 AD cases occurred. The recent and established hazard ratio were 1.46 (P = .01) and 0.87 (P = .19) for glaucoma, 1.20 (P = .12) and 1.50 (P < .001) for AMD, and 1.50 (P = .045) and 1.50 (P = .03) for DR.DiscussionIncreased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk.
MOVING WATERSHEDS, BORDERLESS MAPS, AND IMPERIAL GEOGRAPHY IN INDIA'S NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA
Authors: GARDNER KYLE 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article uses the British colonial history of border making in northern India to examine the assumptions and contradictions at work in the theorizing, configuring, and mapping of frontiers and borders. It focuses, in particular, on the development of the ‘water-parting principle’ – wherein the edge of a watershed is considered to be the border – and how this principle was used to determine boundaries in the northwestern Himalaya, a region that had long-established notions of border points, but no borderlines. By the twentieth century, the water-parting principle would become the dominant boundary logic for demarcating borders in mountainous regions, and would be employed by statesmen, treaty editors, and boundary commissioners around the world. But for the northwestern Himalaya, a region that British colonial officials considered to be the ‘finest natural combination of boundary and barrier that exists in the world’, making a border proved much more difficult than anticipated.