bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in business management research: a success/failure system perspective
Authors: Chang Tsung-Sheng , Bau Dong-Yih 
Published: November 2024

PurposeeXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an evaluation framework that allows users to understand artificial intelligence (AI) processes and increases the reliability of AI-produced results. XAI assists managers in making better decisions by providing transparency and interpretability in AI systems. This study explores the development of XAI in business management research.Design/methodology/approachThis study collects and analyzes business management research related to XAI using common management keywords as the basis. We used the success/failure system to explore its research guidelines XAI in business management.FindingsThe study found significant growth in XAI research within business management. This research will be discussed from various management disciplinary perspectives to help scholars understand the current research directions. Additionally, we utilize a success/failure system to explore how this theory can be applied to artificial intelligence and business management research.Originality/valueThe success/failure system offers a comprehensive framework encompassing the evolution of the cosmos, nature, and ecology. This theory can offer valuable insights for business management in XAI and competitive societies, governments, and enterprises, enabling them to formulate effective strategies for the future.
Can effective board drive environmental innovation? The moderating power of CSR committee
Authors: Abu Alia Muiz , Dwekat Aladdin , Meqbel Rasmi , Hannoun Tayf , Shakhshir Imtiyaz , Naser Aya 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of various board characteristics on environmental innovation (EI) among companies listed on the STOXX Europe 600. It also examines the moderating role of CSR committees on the board–EI nexus.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of companies listed on the STOXX Europe 600 index over 12 years (2011–2022). This study uses the Refinitiv Eikon database to evaluate the extent of EI. Panel data regression analysis is used, with two-stage least squares and lagged models used as robustness tests to control for endogeneity.

Findings
The results indicate that board independence and gender diversity significantly increase EI, whereas CEO duality negatively impacts it. Other board attributes, such as board size, show no impact on EI. In addition, the presence of CSR committees moderates these relationships, enhancing the positive effects of gender diversity and board independence and mitigating the negative impact of CEO duality.

Practical implications
This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and corporate strategists aiming to advance environmental responsiveness through strategic board composition and establishing CSR committees. Emphasizing the importance of board independence, gender diversity and CSR committees, the findings suggest practical pathways for enhancing the adoption of EI by creating governance structures that support sustainable practices.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the moderating role of CSR committees on the associations between board characteristics and EI. This research addresses a crucial gap in the current literature, enriching the understanding of corporate governance and sustainability. It provides critical insights for developing policies and strategies that promote EI through effective board composition and the implementation of CSR committees.
Shot selection and managerial efficiency in the NBA
Authors: Ehrlich Justin Andrew , Sanders Shane 
Published: November 2024

PurposeWe introduce a novel type of basketball shot chart, a true shot chart, that incorporates total points, accounting for both field goals and free throws, corresponding to each shot taken. We then create a shot selection measure called shot selection efficiency that summarizes the efficiency of a team’s shot chart. Lastly, we validate the measure using fixed effects regression analysis and determine whether shot selection is priced efficiently in the NBA player labor market.Design/methodology/approachWe utilize fixed effects regression analysis to validate a measure and also to determine managerial payroll efficiency in the NBA.FindingsWe find that shot selection efficiency is a source of wins not fully explained by team payroll. That is, it is not fully priced into the player labor market.Research limitations/implicationsTeams are in need of the shot chart summary measure provided, as they are not efficiently pricing players in the player labor market with respect to shot selection.Originality/valueThis research introduces a novel shot chart type for basketball as well as a novel shot chart summary measure. It also validates the measure and establishes an NBA player labor market inefficiency related to the measure.
Spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at Akhuwat foundation: a qualitative case study
Authors: Yousaf Ummara , Khan Muhammad Faizan , Khan Ismail , Khan Muhammad Zubair , Dogar Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study endeavour is to delve into the perceptions and sense-making of both spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at the Akhuwat Foundation, a prominent social sector microfinance organization in the Muslim majority economy of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative research approach and an intrinsic instrumental case study research methodology, a series of 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions (each focus group contained five members) were conducted with employees and leaders at the Akhuwat Foundation of Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021.

Findings
The findings from thematic data analysis show that the spiritual leadership at Akhuwat Foundation implemented workplace spirituality by creating a spiritual environment, such as brotherhood, at the workplace. Moreover, the employees exercise workplace spirituality by voluntarily performing their duties at lesser salaries. Alternatively, spiritual leaders care for employees by reducing organizational problems and improving their employees’ well-being.

Research limitations/implications
Although this research explores spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in the national context of Pakistan, further investigation in other contexts is required to cross-check and validate the research findings.

Practical implications
Regulators and policymakers of organizations operating in Muslim-majority countries should focus on brotherhood, inspire employees through vision, resolve organizational challenges and create a spiritual environment for spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality to improve employee well-being, broader societal welfare and organization’s overall performance.

Originality/value
This study revealed new themes of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership in the organizational context of a Muslim-majority country, Pakistan, identified context-specific themes and enhanced the theory of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality.
Branching career pipelines: a latent class analysis of PHD students’ career intentions
Authors: Zhang Lanwen , Guo Fei 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to identify patterns in the career intentions of PhD students and explore factors influencing these patterns.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on data from the Nature 2019 global PhD survey, the paper uses latent class analysis to identify the number and types of patterns in PhD students’ career intentions. Multinomial logistic regressions are used to analyse the influential factors, and means comparisons are used to describe differences in study experiences among career intention patterns.

Findings
The paper reveals distinct career intentions among PhD students: Pure Academic Enthusiasts (25.60%), Research-Driven Flexibles (28.64%), Neutralists to Non-research (16.27%), Uncertain Career Explorers (13.63%) and Non-academia Pursuers (15.86%). Research-Driven Flexibles, inclusive of researching roles beyond academia, demonstrate similar engagement and academic skills but have more transferable skills compared to Pure Academic Enthusiasts. Uncertain Career Explorers express positivity but show relatively lower engagement and academic skills. Non-academia Pursuers spend above-average time on learning but have the weakest relationship with supervisors, participation in academic activities, campus environmental support and transferable skills. Older doctoral students with dual degrees are less likely to be Uncertain Career Explorers, while those motivated by academic interests are more likely to be Research-Driven Flexibles or Pure Academic Enthusiasts.

Originality/value
This study provides a more accurate multi-dimensional perspective of PhD students’ career intentions, extending previous research that focused solely on the type of work PhD students sought or the sector in which they desired to work.
Impact of Antibiotic on Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Chemoimmunotherapy in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Fang , Du Xiuwei , Zhang Ping , Xu Jing , Li Yu , Yang Zhongfei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of antibiotic exposure on efficacy and adverse reactions in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy, and to explore any specific associations on the basis of antibiotic class.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on NSCLC patients who received chemoimmunotherapy in two Shandong hospitals between January 2018 and October 2023. The association between antibiotic exposure and progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and incidence of immune related adverse reactions (irAE) of patients were evaluated.ResultsOf the 316 patients, 134 (42.41%) received antibiotics (ATB group), and 182 (57.59%) did not (N‐ATB group). There was no significant difference in PFS (aHR = 1.009, 95% CI: 0.770–1.323; p = 0.946) or OS (aHR = 1.420, 95% CI: 0.986–2.047; p = 0.060) between ATB and N‐ATB groups. The impact on efficacy was related to the type of antibiotic. β‐Lactams (aHR = 1.737, 95% CI: 1.148–2.629; p = 0.009), in particular β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLBLIs) (aHR = 1.885, 95% CI: 1.207–2.944, p = 0.005) were associated with poorer OS. However, quinolones (aHR = 1.192, 95% CI: 0.861–1.650; p = 0.291) were not associated with OS. The incidence of irAEs was not significantly different between ATB and N‐ATB groups (p = 0.073), but was higher with BLBLIs (p = 0.013).ConclusionsIn NSCLC patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy, no significant difference was observed in efficacy and incidence of irAEs between the ATB and the n‐ATB groups. In antibiotic class analysis, β‐lactams and specifically BLBLIs were observed to be associated with worse OS.
Proximal antecedents and acute outcomes of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Systematic review of daily‐ and event‐level studies
Authors: Farrelly Kyra N. , Amini Tahmina , Coelho Sophie G. , Fox Nicolle , Dimitrova Nicole , Hendershot Christian S. , Wardell Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany studies have revealed that individuals who engage in simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis report elevated substance‐related consequences relative to those who use only alcohol or cannabis; however, evidence from emerging studies examining within‐person differences across simultaneous use and single substance use occasions is less consistent. This systematic review aimed to synthesize findings from existing day‐ and event‐level studies of within‐person differences in the proximal antecedents and acute outcomes associated with simultaneous use versus single substance use episodes. Our search strategy revealed 30 eligible articles. Two categories of antecedents (i.e., internal [e.g., motives] and external [e.g., social context]) and three categories of outcomes (i.e., consumption behavior, general positive and negative consequences, and specific consequences) were identified. The current literature consistently suggests that greater day‐ or event‐level social and enhancement motives, as well as being in a social context, predict greater likelihood of engaging in simultaneous use compared with alcohol‐ or cannabis‐only use. However, there was heterogeneity in findings regarding the role of other person‐level antecedents. Further, while most evidence pointed to heavier alcohol consumption on simultaneous use occasions versus alcohol‐only occasions, findings for elevations in acute negative and positive substance‐related consequences on simultaneous use versus single substance use occasions were mixed. Additionally, four studies found that increased consequences on simultaneous use occasions depended on the level of alcohol consumed. This review identifies several antecedents for simultaneous use events but suggests that simultaneous use occasions are not always associated with more acute harms than single substance use occasions. Given the extent to which the current literature is mixed, this review emphasizes the importance of methodological improvements and future research examining the mechanisms linking simultaneous use with substance‐related consequences to help reconcile findings across within‐person and between‐person studies.
Artificial intelligence‐based drug repurposing with electronic health record clinical corroboration: A case for ketamine as a potential treatment for amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorder
Authors: Gao Zhenxiang , Winhusen T. John , Gorenflo Maria P. , Dorney Ian , Ghitza Udi E. , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsAmphetamine‐type stimulants are the second‐most used illicit drugs globally, yet there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved treatments for amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorders (ATSUD). The aim of this study was to utilize a drug discovery framework that integrates artificial intelligence (AI)‐based drug prediction, clinical corroboration and mechanism of action analysis to identify FDA‐approved drugs that can be repurposed for treating ATSUD.Design and settingAn AI‐based knowledge graph model was first utilized to prioritize FDA‐approved drugs in their potential efficacy for treating ATSUD. Among the top 10 ranked candidate drugs, ketamine represented a novel candidate with few studies examining its effects on ATSUD. We therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the association between ketamine and ATSUD remission using US electronic health record (EHR) data. Finally, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of action of ketamine in the context of ATSUD.Participants and MeasurementsATSUD patients who received anesthesia (n = 3663) or were diagnosed with depression (n = 4328) between January 2019 and June 2022. The outcome measure was the diagnosis of ATSUD remission within one year of the drug prescription.FindingsKetamine for anesthesia in ATSUD patients was associated with greater ATSUD remission compared with other anesthetics: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–2.17. Similar results were found for ATSUD patients with depression when comparing ketamine with antidepressants and bupropion/mirtazapine with HRs of 1.51 (95% CI = 1.14–2.01) and 1.68 (95% CI = 1.18–2.38), respectively. Functional analyses demonstrated that ketamine targets several ATSUD‐associated pathways including neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction and amphetamine addiction.ConclusionsThere appears to be an association between clinician‐prescribed ketamine and higher remission rates in patients with amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorders.
Prevalence of pharmacotherapy for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and prescription stimulant misuse: A national study of US college students
Authors: Summit Alynna G. , Moseley Madison C. , Chaku Natasha , Elam Kit K. , Jacobs Wura , Lederer Alyssa M. , Vaughan Ellen L. , Quinn Patrick D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsIncreasing rates of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy may simultaneously benefit patients and increase the availability of stimulants for misuse. We measured the association between university‐level prevalence of ADHD medication treatment and prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) among college students.Design, setting and participantsThis was an observational study using cross‐sectional data from the American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment III. Data included 395 participating universities between Fall 2019 and Fall 2022. Our sample included 224 469 undergraduates aged 18–25 years (65.2% cisgender female; 58.7% White).MeasurementsStudents self‐reported any life‐time clinical ADHD diagnosis, past‐year ADHD medication treatment and past‐3‐month PSM. We defined university‐level ADHD medication prevalence as the proportion of included students endorsing past‐year ADHD medication treatment. Secondary outcomes included life‐time PSM and moderate‐ to high‐risk alcohol and cannabis use. We also measured university‐level depression medication prevalence as a negative control exposure.FindingsAmong the included students, 9.6% reported a life‐time clinical ADHD diagnosis, 5.1% reported past‐year medication treatment and 2.4% reported past‐3‐month PSM. The prevalence of ADHD medication treatment varied among universities [mean = 5.3%, standard deviation (SD) = 2.8%]. In adjusted models, prevalence of PSM was 7% relatively greater for every 1% increase in university‐level medication prevalence [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.09]. Further, individuals with non‐medication‐treated ADHD were 40% more likely to report PSM than those without ADHD (aPR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.25–1.56). There was no statistically significant difference in PSM among individuals with ADHD who did or did not receive medication (aPR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.78–1.04). Results for secondary outcomes and the negative control partially supported the specificity of the findings.ConclusionsAmong university students in the United States, there appears to be a positive association between attending universities with a greater prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication treatment and risk of prescription stimulant misuse (PSM). This study provides further support for the possibility that ADHD medication treatment prevalence is a risk factor for PSM.
Surgical treatment of hypospadias with lichen sclerosus: Long‐term outcomes from a single center
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Xue‐Jun , Bo‐Ya Li , Chen Shao‐Ji , Li Jiao , Deng Yan‐Mei , Bai Li‐Shuang , Song Lin‐Hong , Qin Dao‐Rui , Mao Yu , Tang Yun‐Man 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypospadias with lichen sclerosus (LS) poses surgical challenges due to lack of materials for urethral reconstruction and coverage and the limited number of reports on this clinical condition.ObjectivesTo report surgical strategies and outcomes for primary and redo hypospadias patients with LS.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study with 31 patients with primary/redo hypospadias and LS between 2013 and 2023. Of these patients, 9 had primary hypospadias with 7 distal types and 2 proximal types, and 22 were redo patients. Nineteen of the 31 patients underwent various surgical techniques, and 12 underwent the oral mucosa onlay procedure (OMOP). Postoperative uroflowmetry, hypospadias objective scoring evaluation (HOSE), and complications were evaluated.ResultsFor primary distal hypospadias with LS‐affected skin, five patients underwent circumcision; these patients had normal postoperative urinary flow, and only one patient had an inconspicuous penis after surgery. For the patients with primary proximal hypospadias with an LS‐affected urethra, one patient required perineal urethrostomy following a modified Koyanagi procedure for recurrent stricture; the other patient underwent two‐stage transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty with no postoperative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and satisfactory aesthetic scores. In two remaining cases of primary distal hypospadias with meatus/urethral LS, no LUTS or postoperative complications occurred following meatoplasty/circumcision and penile basal fixation. During reoperations, compared with those of patients who underwent other redo procedures, twelve patients who underwent OMOP had better Qmax and uroflowmetry (p = 0.002) and higher HOSE scores (p = 0.01).ConclusionsFor primary hypospadias patients with LS, enhanced exposure of the penile shaft and glans may benefit distal hypospadias, whereas staged surgery may be suitable for proximal hypospadias. The oral mucosa is favored for urethral augmentation in patients with redo hypospadias complicated with LS, and the OMOP can address neourethra coverage effectively.
An estimation of lysine requirements of fattening pigs maintained and raised in Japan
Authors: Tsuchino Naoya , Takahashi Katsuaki , Ueno Takashi , Ozeki Teruo , Katsumata Masaya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to update the first‐liming amino acid (lysine) requirements of fattening pigs maintained and raised in Japan using 146 fattening pigs with an average weight of 62 kg. Five diets were prepared with total lysine concentrations of 0.45%, 0.65%, 0.85%, 0.95%, and 1.05%. Six replicates were used for each lysine concentration. The feeding trial lasted for 4 weeks until the average weight of the pigs reached 92 kg. The total lysine concentration of the diets affected feed efficiency throughout the 4 weeks and was lowest in pigs fed diets with a total lysine concentration of 0.45% and highest in pigs fed 0.85%. The total lysine requirement was estimated using feed efficiency as the response index. The linear and quadratic models estimated 0.68% and 0.75% of the requirement for the first 2 weeks and 0.66% and 0.72% for the 4‐week period, respectively. These estimates were equivalent to the total lysine requirement of 0.72% for the 50–70 kg body weight (expected gain of 850 g/d) in the Japanese Feeding Standard for Swine 2013 and higher than the 0.59% for the 70–115 kg body weight (expected gain of 1000 g/d).