bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Árbitros y mediadores en el mundo rural valenciano durante la Baja Edad Media: Els Ports y El Maestrat (s. XIII-XIV) = Arbiters and Mediators in Rural Valencia during the Late Middle Ages: Els Ports and El Maestrat (Thirteenth-Fourteenth Centuries)
Authors: Royo Pérez Vicent 
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza la identidad de los árbitros que median en los conflictos suscitados en el campo valenciano en la Baja Edad Media. Tras la conquista del siglo XIII, la implantación de la nueva sociedad rural provoca el surgimiento de numerosos conflictos entre los actores sociales presentes en las comarcas de Els Ports y El Maestrat, situadas al norte del reino de Valencia. Muchos de estos litigios se solucionan a través de la institución arbitral, de modo que los mediadores tienen la responsabilidad de gestionar los cambios de la estructura social. En consecuencia, se pretende analizar la identidad de los árbitros y averiguar los criterios que siguen señores, burgueses y campesinos para elegir a los mediadores durante los siglos XIII y XIV, porque estos personajes tienen un papel esencial en la articulación de las relaciones sociales en el mundo rural.AbstractThis article analyses the identity of the arbiters in conflicts that took place in the rural country of the kingdom of Valencia during the late Middle Ages. After the conquest of the thirteenth century, the implementation of a new rural society led to the emergence of numerous conflicts between the social actors present in the regions of Els Ports and El Maestrat, both located in the northern part of the kingdom of Valencia. Many of these conflicts were resolved through arbitration, so the arbiters are responsible for managing any changes in social structure. Consequently, our aim is to analyse the identity of the arbiters and to determine the diverse criteria that lords, bourgeois and peasants followed to choose mediators during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as these individuals played an essential role in the forging of relationships in rural society.
Las relaciones sociales dentro del <em>Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena</em> (siglo XV). Redes y mentalidades
Authors: Díaz Marcilla Francisco José 
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo aboga por profundizar en el contenido sociológico, antropológico y cultural del Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena, persiguiéndose tres objetivos:1. El análisis sociológico de las relaciones entre los 51 poetas para identificar a los principales protagonistas, así como las relaciones entre sí y respecto al compilador, a través del lenguaje utilizado.2. El análisis antropológico de la mentalidad que emanan los versos del Cancionero, y que evidencia la existencia de una conciencia colectiva de un grupo social poco estudiado, cuyos miembros, aun no siendo detentores de poder alguno, ostentan una situación privilegiada.3. La profundización en los aspectos más polémicos respecto al Cancionero de Baena, como los conceptos de «poetas cortesanos» o de «nobleza», precisamente como evidencia de la divergencia entre discurso y realidad, así como respecto a algunas conclusiones, hasta ahora mantenidas por la historiografía y que podrían ser matizadas a la luz de este análisis.Abstract This article presents a thorough examination of the sociological, anthropological and cultural content of Juan Alfonso de Baena’s Cancionero with three objectives:1. A sociological analysis of the relationship between the 51 poets in order to identify the main protagonists, as well as the relations between them and the compiler, Baena, through the language . 2. An anthropological analysis of the mentality that emanates from the verses of the Cancionero and that reveals the collective consciousness of an ill-known social group whose members may not hold power, but have a privileged position.3. An in-depth analysis of the most polemical aspects regarding the Cancionero de Baena, like the use of concepts such as «courtly poets» or «nobility» specifically as evidence of the gap that exists between discourse and reality, along with certain conclusions held by current scholarship which deserve to be to be qualified as a result of this study.
El archivo del monasterio cisterciense de Nuestra Señora de Belmonte (Asturias, España) en vísperas de la Reforma (1560)
Authors: Fernández Ortiz Guillermo 
Published: April 2019

Con la llegada de la Edad Moderna, los monasterios cistercienses de la Corona de Castilla fueron sometidos a un proceso de reforma. Uno de los elementos en el que los reformadores fijaron su atención fue el archivo. En Belmonte la imagen que se da de él es la de un fondo desarticulado. En el presente artículo se trata de demostrar cómo esa probable desorganización estaba motivada por acontecimientos recientes y no era consecuencia de un estructural desinterés. De este modo, se lleva a cabo el estudio del archivo del monasterio cisterciense de Belmonte antes de 1560. Se realiza un recorrido por los principales procesos de producción, conservación y refacción documental y se atiende a las prácticas archivísticas desarrolladas por los monjes en la Edad Media y los primeros años de la Edad Moderna.AbstractIn the Early Modern Age, the Cistercian monasteries of the Crown of Castile were obliged to undergo a reformation process. The reformers paid special attention to the archives. The image that prevails for the Belmonte monastery is one of a disorganized archive. This article aims to demonstrate that this purported disorganization was induced by recent events of this period rather than caused by systematic neglect. We will focus on Belmonte’s archive since its origins in the Middle Ages until 1560. We will examine the main process of production, conservation and diplomatic rewriting, as well as the archival practices applied in Belmonte during the Middle and Early Modern Ages.
Migraciones rurales en el paisaje meridional del Reino de Córdoba en el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna
Authors: López Ríder Javier 
Published: April 2019

Hasta el momento existen escasos estudios sobre los desplazamientos demográficos acaecidos en el Reino de Córdoba a fines de la Edad Media. Por ello, este artículo estudia los movimientos migratorios identificados en el marco rural de su zona meridional durante el siglo XV y principios del XVI. Primero se detallan las fuentes utilizadas, entre las que adquieren especial importancia los pleitos conservados en el Archivo General de Andalucía, Archivo Municipal de Córdoba y Real Chancillería de Granada, documentación novedosa que proporciona información inédita sobre el tema abordado. A continuación se plasman 510 casos de migraciones, estudiando su tipología y las causas que las motivaron, que ponen de manifiesto un marcado dinamismo poblacional a fines de la Edad Media en este ámbito territorial.AbstractThere are, as of yet, few studies on demographic movements in the kingdom of Cordoba at the end of the Middle Ages. Hence, this article will focus specifically on migratory movements identified in the southern area of its rural realm during the 15th and early 16th centuries. Firstly, the written sources used will be identified, the most important of which are lawsuits kept in the Archivo General de Andalucía, the Municipal Archives of Cordoba and the archives of the Real Chancillería of Granada. These innovative records contain ill-known information regarding this topic. Secondly, a total of 510 migration cases are studied, a typology will be established, and the causes that led these groups to migrate will be identified. These cases support a distinct population dynamic at the end of the Middle Ages in this geographical area.
Identification and Management of Pests and Diseases of Garden Crops in Santa, Cameroon
Authors: C. N. Konje , A. N. Abdulai , Tange Achiri Denis , D. Nsobinenyui , D. N. Tarla , Tita Margaret Awah 
Published: April 2019

Aims: This work sought to identify the pests and diseases that hinder successful gardening and the pesticides used to manage these pests and their frequencies of application.
Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out in the Santa Area of the North West Region of Cameroon. It was conducted from June 2013 to February 2014.
Methodology: The study was carried out on six farms in Santa, a Sub-division in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. On each of these farms, an area of 20 x 20 m was mapped and the plants therein observed. Insect pests, diseases and the pesticides used for their mitigation were identified at each growth stage.
Results: The main diseases identified were clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) and late blight (Phythophthora infestans) while Aphids (Myzus persicae S.), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) fruit worms (Helicoverpa amigera), Cutworms, fruitfly (Dacus punctatifrons) and grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus) were the prominent insect pests. The most applied pesticides were Cypermethrine and Dimethoate against insects, and Mancozeb and Maneb against fungi.
Conclusion: From this study the most prominent pest of cabbage was the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), which affected the early growing stage. The main disease that affected tomato was blight, seen in both seasons but its severity was greater in the rainy season. Insect pests were a major problem in the dry season causing high economic losses than in the wet season.
Stenosis and Pseudostenosis of the Upper Extremity Arteries in Large‐Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Marinelli Kathleen C. , Ahlman Mark A. , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Malayeri Ashkan A. , Evers Robert , Grayson Peter C. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivePseudostenosis is a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) artifact that mimics arterial stenosis. The study objective was to compare imaging and clinical aspects of stenosis and pseudostenosis in a cohort of large‐vessel vasculitis (LVV), including giant‐cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK).MethodsPatients with LVV and comparator conditions (healthy or vasculopathies) underwent MRA of the aortic arch vessels. The subclavian and axillary arteries were systematically assessed for presence of stenosis and pseudostenosis by two independent readers. Serial and delayed imaging and clinical assessments were used to confirm suspected pseudostenoses. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify associations between angiographic pathology and clinical findings.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐four MRA scans were analyzed from patients with GCA (n = 36), TAK (n = 47), and comparators (n = 25). Pseudostenoses were frequently observed (48 of 184 scans, 26%) in the distal subclavian artery only on the side of injection and were shorter in length compared with true stenoses (25 mm vs 78 mm, P < 0.01). There was no difference in prevalence of pseudostenosis by diagnosis (GCA = 33%, TAK = 23%, comparator = 20%, P = 0.44), disease activity status (P = 0.31), or treatment status (P = 1.00). Percent and length of true stenosis were independently associated with pulse and blood pressure abnormalities in the upper extremity. Adjusting for length and stenosis degree, absence of collateral arteries was associated with arm claudication (odds ratio = 2.37, P = 0.03).ConclusionAlthough a pseudostenosis could be falsely interpreted as an arterial stenosis, radiographic and associated clinical features can help distinguish true disease from arterial susceptibility artifacts. In addition, the peripheral vascular examination can help to confirm a suspected true stenosis, as specific aspects of angiographic pathology are associated with vascular examination abnormalities in LVV.
Tailoring the Functionality of Organic Spacer Cations for Efficient and Stable Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Weifei , Liu Hongbin , Shi Xueliang , Zuo Lijian , Li Xiaosong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe recent development of quasi‐2D perovskite solar cells have drawn significant attention due to the improved stability of these materials and devices against moisture compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites need to be optimized in order to achieve high efficiency. In this work, the effect of spacer cations, i.e., phenethylammonium (PEA), 4‐fluorophenethylammonium (F‐PEA), and 4‐methoxyphenethylammonium (MeO‐PEA) on the optoelectronic properties and device performance of quasi‐2D perovskites is systematically studied. It is observed that both larger and more hydrophobic cations can improve perovskite stability against moisture, while larger size can adversely influence the device performance. Interestingly, with F‐PEA or MeO‐PEA, distribution of n value can be shifted toward high 3D content in quasi‐2D perovskite layers, which enables lower bandgaps and possibly lower exciton binding energy. Due to the best charge transport and lowest bandgap, the F‐PEAI‐based quasi‐2D perovskite (n = 5) solar cell shows a highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.5% with excellent stability in air with a humidity of 40–50%, keeping 90% of the original PCE after 40 d. It is believed that the approach may open a way for the design of new organic spacer cations for stable low‐dimensional hybrid perovskites with high performance.
Bright Aggregation‐Induced Emission Dots for Dynamic Tracking and Grading of Patient‐Derived Xenografts in Zebrafish
Authors: Teh Cathleen , Manghnani Purnima Naresh , Boon Grace Ng Hwee , De Cheng Terrence You , Lim Wan‐Teck , Lim Elaine Hsuen , Chua Boon Tin , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCancer prognosis will benefit from a scoring system that could grade malignant traits of patient‐derived cells by assessing their growth and metastasis in a living system. Specific tracking of patient‐derived cells requires labeling by contrast agents with good signal‐to‐noise ratio and no specific stain of host tissues. Towards this aim, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) dots are developed for in vivo cancer tracking with emphasis on reproducible optimized formulation and specific fluorescent labeling of cells that enable enhanced spatial temporal resolution in vivo. The importance of energy‐dependent AIE dots uptake for patient‐derived cell labeling is emphasized to reveal their specific uptake by viable cancer cells. Using optically transparent zebrafish embryo, the ability is demonstrated to follow the engraftment of transplanted AIE dot labeled cells in zebrafish brains over one week. Cells detected outside the brain after 7 d are quantified as metastatic cells. Results from seven clinical samples demonstrate the utility of this methodology to differentiate low engraftment level of benign neoplasms from higher engraftment level and metastasis detected in malignant ovarian cancer specimens. Achieving clinically validated results supports the use of AIE dot labeled patient derived cells in zebrafish xenografts for future cancer prognosis.
Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics
Authors: Friederich Pascal , Fediai Artem , Kaiser Simon , Konrad Manuel , Jung Nicole , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMaterials for organic electronics are presently used in prominent applications, such as displays in mobile devices, while being intensely researched for other purposes, such as organic photovoltaics, large‐area devices, and thin‐film transistors. Many of the challenges to improve and optimize these applications are material related and there is a nearly infinite chemical space that needs to be explored to identify the most suitable material candidates. Established experimental approaches struggle with the size and complexity of this chemical space. Herein, the development of simulation methods is addressed, with a particular emphasis on predictive multiscale protocols, to complement experimental research in the identification of novel materials and illustrate the potential of these methods with a few prominent recent applications. Finally, the potential of machine learning and methods based on artificial intelligence is discussed to further accelerate the search for new materials.
A Thermodynamically Favored Crystal Orientation in Mixed Formamidinium/Methylammonium Perovskite for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Liu Zonghao , Li Nengxu , Tang Gang , Zheng Guanhaojie , Zhu Cheng , Chen Yihua , Wang Ligang , Huang Yuan , Li Liang , Zhou Ning , Hong Jiawang , Chen Qi , Zhou Huanping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCrystal orientation has a great impact on the properties of perovskite films and the resultant device performance. Up to now, the exquisite control of crystal orientation (the preferred crystallographic planes and the crystal stacking mode with respect to the particular planes) in mixed‐cation perovskites has received limited success, and the underlying mechanism that governs device performance is still not clear. Here, a thermodynamically favored crystal orientation in formamidinium/methylammonium (FA/MA) mixed‐cation perovskites is finely tuned by composition engineering. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the FA/MA ratio affects the surface energy of the mixed perovskites, leading to the variation of preferential orientation consequently. The preferable growth along the (001) crystal plane, when lying parallel to the substrates, affects their charge transportation and collection properties. Under the optimized condition, the mixed‐cation perovskite (FA1–x
MAx
PbI2.87Br0.13 (Cl)) solar cells deliver a champion power conversion efficiency over 21%, with a certified efficiency of 20.50 ± 0.50%. The present work not only provides a vital step in understanding the intrinsic properties of mixed‐cation perovskites but also lays the foundation for further investigation and application in perovskite optoelectronics.
Color Patterning of Luminescent Perovskites via Light‐Mediated Halide Exchange with Haloalkanes
Authors: Wong Ying‐Chieh , Wu Wen‐Bin , Wang Tian , Ng Jun De Andrew , Khoo Khoong Hong , Wu Jie , Tan Zhi‐Kuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite possesses a semiconductor bandgap that is readily tunable by a variation in its halide composition. Here, a photo‐activated halide exchange process between perovskite nanocrystals and molecular haloalkanes is reported, which enables the perovskite luminescence to be controllably shifted across the entire visible spectrum. Mechanistic investigations reveal a mutual exchange of halogens between the perovskite crystal surface and a chemisorbed haloalkane, yielding nanocrystals and haloalkanes with mixed halide contents. Exchange kinetics studies involving primary, secondary, and tertiary haloalkanes show that the rate of reaction is governed by the activation barrier in the breakage of the covalent carbon–halogen (CX) bond, which is a function of the CX bond energy and carbon radical stability. Employing this halide exchange approach, a micrometer‐scale trichromatic patterning of perovskites is demonstrated using a light‐source‐integrated inkjet printer and tertiary haloalkanes as color‐conversion inks. The haloalkanes volatilize after halide exchange and leave no residues, thereby offering significant processing advantage over conventional salt‐based exchange techniques. Beyond the possible applications in new‐generation micro‐LED and electroluminescent quantum dot displays, this work exemplifies the rich surface and photochemistry of perovskite nanocrystals, and could lead to further opportunities in perovskite‐based photocatalysis and photochemical sensing.
Review on the Electroluminescence Study of Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Wang Liding , Zhao Zifeng , Wei Chen , Wei Huibo , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThanks to their characteristic photophysical properties, lanthanide complexes are of great value in many fields. Especially, high‐purity green and red lights from Tb(III) and Eu(III) complexes are particularly suitable for displays, and near‐infrared (NIR) emissions from Nd(III), Er(III), and Yb(III) complexes have huge potential in night‐vision devices. Therefore, since shortly after the birth of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), electroluminescence studies on lanthanide complexes have attracted much attention. This review comprehensively summarizes advances in the electroluminescence study of all lanthanide complexes in the past 30 years, where the lanthanide complexes are basically classified according to their emission wavelengths, i.e., visible light, near‐infrared (NIR) light, and simultaneous visible and NIR light. On this basis, the challenges and opportunities faced by electroluminescence of lanthanide complexes are also discussed.
Dirac Fermion and Plasmon Dynamics in Graphene and 3D Topological Insulators
Authors: In Chihun , Choi Hyunyong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLight–matter interactions illuminate the nature of solids and provide a second look on associated carrier dynamics. In particular, graphene and 3D topological insulators (3D TI) with broadband electromagnetic excitation have revealed to host exotic dynamic interactions. Much of Dirac‐point physics arises from discrete lattice symmetries and nontrivial Z2 classification of Bloch states. In this review, ongoing spectroscopic works on graphene and 3D TI are presented, where special attention is on the far‐infrared terahertz (THz) spectroscopy that characterizes the intraband dynamics. The constant absorbance of graphene upon interband particle–hole generation exhibits nonclassical results of gapless dispersion, which can be elucidated by the relativistic Dirac equations with zero rest mass. The massless Dirac fermions on graphene and 3D TI surface exhibit distinct phenomena compared to the conventional systems. First, the transient responses after pulse excitation reveal the semimetallic states of the gapless electronic dispersion, where the Fermi energy in equilibrium determines the crossover from metallic to semiconducting states. Second, the 2D Dirac plasmon dispersion of graphene and 3D TI surface exhibits unconventional density dependence in comparison to the massive electronic systems. The novel optical phenomena in graphene and 3D TI surface can serve for advanced optoelectronic and optospintronic applications.
Magneto‐Optical Bi:YIG Films with High Figure of Merit for Nonreciprocal Photonics
Authors: Fakhrul Takian , Tazlaru Stana , Beran Lukáš , Zhang Yan , Veis Martin , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThin film magneto‐optical (MO) materials are enablers for integrated nonreciprocal photonic devices such as isolators and circulators. Films of polycrystalline bismuth‐substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) have been grown on silicon substrates and waveguide devices, in which an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayer is placed either above or below the active Bi:YIG layer to promote crystallization. The films exhibit a high MO figure of merit of up to 769° dB−1 at 1550 nm wavelength. Growth of single phase Bi:YIG on the sidewalls of waveguides is demonstrated, which can be used in nonreciprocal transverse electric (TE)‐mode devices.