bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patient–provider decision-making for use of anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Results of the INFORM-AF study
Authors: Pokorney Sean D , Bloom Diane , Granger Christopher B , Thomas Kevin L , Al-Khatib Sana M , Roettig Mayme L , Anderson John , Heflin Mitchell T , Granger Bradi B 
Published: November 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with stroke, yet approximately 50% of patients are not treated with guideline-directed oral anticoagulants (OACs). Aims: Given that the etiology of this gap in care is not well understood, we explored decision-making by patients and physicians regarding OAC use for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Methods and results: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study among providers ( N=28) and their patients with atrial fibrillation for whom OACs were indicated ( N=25). We used purposive sampling across three outpatient settings in which atrial fibrillation patients are commonly managed: primary care ( n=14), geriatrics ( n=10), and cardiology ( n=4). Eligible patients were stratified by those prescribed OAC ( n=13) and not prescribed OAC ( n=12). Semi-structured, in-depth interviews assessed decision-making regarding risk and OAC use. Classical content analysis was used to code narratives and identify themes. Results among patients consisted of the overarching theme of trust in provider recommendations. Sub-themes included: awareness of increased risk of stroke with atrial fibrillation; willingness to accept medications recommended by their physician; and low demand for explanatory decision aids. Among physicians, the overarching theme was decisional conflict regarding the balance between stroke and bleeding risk, and the optimal medication to prescribe. Subthemes included: absence of decision aids for communication; and misperceptions around the assessment and management of stroke risk with atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Patient involvement in decision-making around OAC use did not occur in this study of patients with atrial fibrillation. Improved access to decision aids may increase patient engagement in the decision-making process of OAC use for stroke prevention.
New oral anti-coagulation drugs and prostate biopsy: a call for guidelines
Authors: Coscarella Mathieu , Motte Serge , Dalati Mohamad-Fadi , Oliveira-e-Silva Tania , Entezari Kim , Roumeguere Thierry 
Published: November 2018

Background: Prostate biopsy is a rather frequent procedure, mostly performed in outpatient settings. Bleeding complications following this procedure require precise and delicate management of pre-, peri- and post-procedure anti-coagulation treatments. New oral anti-coagulation drugs (NOACs) are increasingly used. However, the management of such treatments is feared and not yet well known to urologists. A protocol for prostate biopsy management of NOACs seems mandatory. Materials and methods: A review of the literature, using Pubmed and Cochrane databases, together with analysis of several medical associations’ recommendations in urology, anaesthesiology, cardiology, oncology and drug safety agency, was performed. Results: There are no recommendations about NOAC management for prostate biopsy available from scientific societies. There is also a lack of specific urological studies. However, several panels of expert recommendations could be helpful in establishing standardized protocols adapted from surgery to prostate biopsy. With the growing use of NOACs, recommendations have shifted to continue anti-coagulant treatment without bridging NOACs for low bleeding risk procedures such as prostate biopsy, in carefully selected groups of patients. Conclusion: Extensive indications coupled with the ease of use of NOACs contribute significantly to the widespread replacement of traditional vitamin K antagonist. Knowing that heparin bridging leads to more bleeding, and in the pursuit of more autonomy and safety, urologists should be able to propose dedicated anti-coagulant management using NOACs adapted to carefully selected patients before the prostate biopsy procedure. Further studies and guidelines specific to the concept of non-bridging for anti-coagulant-requiring patients are mandatory for this routine procedure.
High prevalence of congenital heart disease at high altitudes in Tibet
Authors: Chun Hua , Yue Yan , Wang Yibin , Dawa Zhaxi , Zhen Pu , La Qu , Zong Yang , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: November 2018

Background Previous small sample studies suggested that elevated altitudes might be associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether high altitudes (over 3000 m above sea level) are related to congenital heart disease. We therefore explored the prevalence of congenital heart disease in a large cohort of students in the world's largest prefecture-level city with the highest altitude. Methods This cross-sectional study included 84,302 student participants (boys 52.12%, girls 47.88%, with an average age of 10.62 ± 3.33 years). Data were extracted from the screening results among different altitude area schools in Nagqu from June 2016 to August 2017. Students were first screened by performing a physical examination consisting of cardiac auscultations and clinical manifestation screenings. An echocardiography was performed to confirm and identify the subtype of congenital heart disease. Results The prevalence of congenital heart disease among students in Nagqu, Tibet, was 5.21‰ (439 cases). The most common congenital heart disease type was patent ductus arteriosus, representing 66.3% of congenital heart diseases diagnosed in this study, followed by atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, representing 20.3% and 9.1% of congenital heart diseases, respectively. Students living in higher altitudes were significantly more prone to have congenital heart disease than students in locations with lower altitudes. The prevalence of congenital heart disease in girls was found to be higher than that of boys. Conclusions The correlation between congenital heart disease and increased altitude is noteworthy. This study's results are the first big data epidemiological investigation to confirm that high altitude is a significant environmental risk factor for congenital heart disease, especially patent ductus arteriosus. Furthermore, the results provide additional support to make a diagnostic and treatment plan to prevent congenital heart disease in high altitude areas.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Postoperative Pain Management by Nurses in Selected District Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Menlah Awube , Garti Isabella , Amoo Sarah Ama , Atakro Confidence Alorse , Amponsah Caleb , Agyare Dorcas Frempomaa 
Published: November 2018

Introduction There is documented evidence pointing to the fact that there are numerous challenges with postoperative pain (POP) management globally. However, these challenges with POP management are more profound in developing countries. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses concerning POP management in four selected district hospitals in Ghana. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was employed to evaluate nurse's knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to POP management. Multistaged sampling was used to draw the respondents. An adapted version of the Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain instrument was used to test the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses and midwives. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in order to present quantitative descriptions of variables in this study. Results This study showed that nurses in the four district hospitals had knowledge deficits regarding POP management. Eighty-one representing 48% of nurses had low knowledge on POP management. An overwhelming majority of nurses (97.6%) relied on routinely rendered basic nursing skills to relieve POP and a few used pharmacological interventions. However, nurses had good attitudes toward POP management. Conclusions POP is ineffectively managed by nurses in district hospitals in Ghana. Nurses and midwives in Ghana need to adhere to best practices in POP management by increasing their theoretical and practical knowledge, so that there will be tangible positive change in POP management in Ghana. Recommendations Nurses must be empowered through continuous development programs to keep abreast with changing trends that pertain to POP management.
Associations of Demographic Factors and Tobacco Use With Progesterone and Estradiol During Pregnancy
Authors: Ashford Kristin , Rayens Emily , Wiggins Amanda T. , Kay Rayens Mary , Sayre Molly Malany , O’Brien John 
Published: November 2018

Objective To evaluate the association of biochemically validated prenatal tobacco use with serum progesterone and estradiol in the second trimester of pregnancy, controlling for demographic and personal factors. Study design This secondary analysis of a multicenter longitudinal study included 114 women with singleton pregnancies. Multiple regression analysis assessed whether prenatal tobacco use was related to hormone levels during the second trimester, controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity, with gestational age added to subsequent models). Result In the initial regressions, tobacco users had significantly lower progesterone level compared with nonsmokers ( p = .037), while estradiol was unrelated to prenatal tobacco use. Women with greater body mass index also had significantly lower progesterone ( p = .028), but body mass index was unrelated to estradiol. With gestational age as an additional covariate, prenatal tobacco use was no longer a significant predictor of progesterone, but both body mass index and gestational age were significant ( F = 10.6, p < .001, R2 = 0.35). For estradiol, the overall regression of estradiol on age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity was not significant ( F = 1.2, p = .31). With gestational age added to the model, the overall model was significant ( F = 7.2, p < .001, R2 = 0.27). Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that prenatal tobacco use may influence lower serum progesterone during the second trimester. This is of particular concern given the link between depressed progesterone activity and risk for preterm birth.
Association of low income with pulmonary disease progression in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lowe Katherine E. , Make Barry J. , Crapo James D. , Kinney Gregory L. , Hokanson John E. , Kim Victor , Iyer Anand S. , Bhatt Surya P. , Hoth Karin F. , Holm Kristen E. , Wise Robert , DeMeo Dawn , Foreman Marilyn G. , Stone Thomas J. , Regan Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2018

Low socioeconomic status has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but little is known about its impact on disease progression. We assessed the association of income to symptoms, pulmonary disease severity and progression in smokers with and without COPD.The COPDGene cohort of 4826 smokers who reported annual income in phase 2 was analysed. Those who reported annual income <USD 15 000 per year were “low-income” and the remainder “higher income”. Baseline demographics, symptoms, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and 5-year change in spirometry and CT metrics were characterised by group.The low income group was younger (55.7versus61.7, p<0.0001), had more current smokers (73%versus36%, p<0.0001), higher rates of severe exacerbations (13%versus7%, p<0.0001), more chronic bronchitis (22%versus14%, p<0.0001), reduced access to preventative care and lower quality of life, but less emphysema (4.7%versus6.2%, p<0.0001). After 5 years the low-income group had more smoking-related disease progression, without significant change in exacerbations or symptoms, than higher-income subjects. Low income was an independent predictor of decreasing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p=0.001) and increased airway disease (p=0.007) after adjusting for baseline FEV1, age, sex, race, exposures and current smoking.Income disparity beyond the effects of race and current smoking is an important factor for disease progression. Worldwide, poverty and its consequences: associated respiratory exposures, limited healthcare access, and inadequate education about smoking risks, may exacerbate chronic lung disease.
Bring on the Machines: Could Machine Learning Improve the Quality of Patient Education Materials? A Systematic Search and Rapid Review
Authors: Saunders Catherine H. , Petersen Curtis L. , Durand Marie-Anne , Bagley Pamela J. , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Clear and trustworthy information is essential for people who are ill. People with cancer, in particular, are targeted with vast quantities of patient education material, but of variable quality. Machine learning technologies are popular across industries for automated tasks, like analyzing language and spotting readability issues. With the experience of patients with cancer in mind, we reviewed whether anyone has proposed, modeled, or applied machine learning technologies for the assessment of patient education materials and explored the utility of this application. Methods We systematically searched the literature to identify English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals or as conference abstracts that proposed, used, or modeled the use of machine learning technology to assess patient education materials. Specifically, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Compendex. Two reviewers assessed study eligibility and performed study screening. Results We identified 1,570 publications in our search after duplicate removal. After screening, we included five projects (detailed in nine articles) that proposed, modeled, or used machine learning technology to assess the quality of patient education materials. We evaluated the utility of each application across four domains: multidimensionality (2 of 5 applications), patient centeredness (1 of 5 applications), customizability (0 of 5 applications), and development stage (theoretical, 1 of 5 applications; in development, 3 of 5 applications; complete and available, 1 of 5 applications). Combining points across each domain, the mean utlity score across included projects was 1.8 of 5 possible points. Conclusion Given its potential, machine learning has not yet been leveraged substantially in the assessment of patient education materials. We propose machine learning systems that can dynamically identify problematic language and content by assessing the quality of patient education materials across a range of flexible, customizable criteria. Assessment may help patients and families decide which materials to use and encourage developers to improve materials overall.
Eliminating malaria by 2040 among agricultural households in Africa: potential impact on health, labor productivity, education and gender equality
Authors: Willis Derek W. , Hamon Nick 
Published: November 2018

Background: Ambitious goals have been set to eradicate malaria by the year 2040. Given the high poverty levels and the intense levels of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, suppressing malaria in rural agricultural communities in these regions will be one of the greatest challenges to achieving malaria eradication. This study has two objectives. The first is to estimate how eradicating malaria by 2040 would affect agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa. The second is to identify where additional research is needed to develop better estimates of how eradicating malaria by 2040 would affect those households. Methods: Using agricultural census data and malaria morbidity data, we developed estimates of the number of malaria cases in 2018 among agricultural households with fewer than 10 hectares of land for 35 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By combining these estimates with additional evidence from the literature, we analyzed how achieving malaria eradication by 2040 would affect indicators related to four Sustainable Development Goals: health, poverty, education and gender equality. Results: Our analysis found that achieving malaria eradication by 2040 would prevent approximately 841 million cases of malaria and thereby decrease the number of lost workdays among agricultural households by approximately 3.2 billion days. Eradicating malaria by 2040 would also increase the number of school days attended by children by 1.5 billion days while also reducing the number of caregiving days provided by women for malaria cases by approximately 1.1 billion days. Conclusions: This article analyzes the impact of eradicating malaria among agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa using indicators related to four of the Sustainable Development Goals. Enhanced data collection efforts related to these four indicators would facilitate more rigorous estimates of how eradicating malaria would affect these indicators over the next two decades.
A gödeli monadológia (második rész)
Authors: Moldvay Tamás 
Published: November 2018

Kurt Gödel életében a nem-teljességi tételei közreadása után két nevezetes esemény történik: paranoiássá válik, és elkötelezi magát a leibnizi monadológia mellett. „Az elméletem monadológia, benne egy központi monásszal (Istennel). Általános struktúráját tekintve olyan, mint Leibniz monadológiája”, nyilatkozza Gödel a 70-es években, néhány évvel a halála előtt. A paranoiás Gödel ugyanakkor egész életében retteg a rossz aknamunkájától és menekül az ördög elől – a lehetséges világok legjobbikában, Leibniz monadikus univerzumában. A jelen esszé ebben a feszültségi térben kalandozva szegez alapvető rendszertani kérdéseket mind a leibnizi, mind a gödeli monadológiának.
Language of the Sea: Ideologies within Kabar Dari Laut by Chairil Anwar
Authors: Jumanto Jumanto 
Published: November 2018

This research paper explores ideologies contained in the 1946 poem Kabar Dari Laut by Chairil Anwar. The main words Kabarand Lautare central in this poem. This interpretive exploration tries to find out the ideologies contained in the phrase Kabar(literally means news, however,italso rather to say story) and the ideology in the scripture of laut[the sea] and how the two sets of expressions speak out the restlessness of the noted poet Chairil Anwar. The research findings have shown that the news and the sea have been used by the frustrated author to speak out his regret, awareness, and hatred due to his broken-hearted soul upon his ex-lover in the past. The findings also show that the sea signifies the author’s small self to face and live in this abundant life (the sea). His hatred towards his ex-lover has remained sad memories and bad realities which the author bears in his time while he is writing the poem.
Русские свадебные приговоры: несколько замечаний о специфике бытования обрядового текста в необрядовой ситуации
Authors: Крашенинникова Юлия 
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of situating and performing ceremonial texts in non-ceremonial situations and is based on material from wedding speeches made in 1986–2006 in the local tradition of the Vilegodsky district in the Arkhangelsk region. An analysis of texts from the ceremonial genre performed in non-ceremonial situations allows the description of some mechanisms by which a folklore work in different speech situations is born, as well as masterly performance and strategies used by grooms in wedding speeches at the collector’s request (in situations “outside the ceremony”). It enables us to speak about text commonality in repeat performances, and also the correlation of collective and individual, traditional and improvisational in ceremonial texts learned and performed in various situations. Comparing the records of wedding speeches divided into different temporary intervals provides an informative and productive discussion of the problem of specifics in folklore memory and the competence of the performer, mechanisms for memorizing, reproducing, and also the peculiarities of texts with a tendency towards improvisation.
К вопросу о соотношении категорий „дейктичность” и „фасадность”
Authors: Горбунова Людмила 
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the categories spatial deixis, observer, front. We distinguish two types of observer: Observer-speaker and Collective observer. Collective Observer is a necessary semantic category to understand the meanings of some linguistic units adequately. These units reflect the language community's understanding of what kind of orientation towards a particular object should be regarded as standard. Using language tools with locative semantics, the speaker applies different spatial strategies. The category of observer is required for all of these.
О некоторых аспектах проприальной интертекстуализации в свете новейших исследований
Authors: Hrynkiewicz-Adamskich Bożena 
Published: November 2018

A new perspective in research on proper names has appeared recently. A proper name is now treated as a text unit. The article discusses intertextual relations between different classes of onyms and some extralinguistic aspects of proprial intertextualisation.
Rosyjska opozycja wobec świata modernizmu
Authors: Jedliński Marek 
Published: November 2018

Modernity is typically defined as a post-traditional historical period. Central to modernity is emancipation from religion and consequent secularization. In my article I analyze and interpret the ideological foundations of contemporary Russian neo-Euroasianism. This movement is led by Alexander Dugin, an important representative of Russian traditionalism and conservatism. What he postulates is to build an ideocratic orthodox-soviet state, which should include Ukraine.
Evaluation of analytical performances using standardized analytical protocols and comparison of clinical results of the new ADVIA BNP and NT-proBNP immunoassays for the Centaur XPT platform
Authors: Masotti Silvia , Musetti Veronica , Prontera Concetta , Storti Simona , Ndreu Rudina , Passino Claudio , Zucchelli Giancarlo , Clerico Aldo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The study aim was to evaluate and compare analytical performances and clinical results of ADVIA BNP and PBNP methods using the Centaur XPT platform with those of Access BNP, using the DxI platform and the ECLIA NT-proBNP method, using the Cobas e411 platform, respectively.

Methods
Limits of blank (LoB), detection (LoD) and quantitation (LoQ) at 20% CV and 10% CV were evaluated according to international standardized protocols. The analytical parameters were assessed throughout a 90-working-day period using three curve calibrations.

Results
LoB, LoD and LoQ at 20% CV and 10% values of the ADVIA BNP method were 1.0 ng/L, 2.0 ng/L, 3.7 ng/L and 10.2 ng/L, respectively; while those of the ADVIA PBNP method were 1.3 ng/L, 3.0 ng/L, 9.7 ng/L and 22.3 ng/L, respectively. The ADVIA BNP and PBNP methods were able to measure the clinical decision values suggested by international guidelines for diagnosis of heart failure (HF) with an imprecision ≤6%. BNP concentrations measured with the ADVIA and Access methods showed a close linear regression (R=0.9923, n=200); a close linear regression was also found between NT-proBNP concentrations measured with the ADVIA and ECLIA methods (R=0.9954, n=202). However, the ADVIA method measured significantly lower BNP values than the Access method (on average −20.9%), while ADVIA PBNP method measured significantly higher NT-proBNP concentrations than the ECLIA method (on average +17.8%).

Conclusions
Analytical performances of the BNP and PBNP ADVIA methods are well in accordance with the quality specifications required by international guidelines for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with HF.