bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding lysine industry: industrial biomanufacturing of lysine and its derivatives
Authors: Cheng Jie , Chen Peng , Song Andong , Wang Dan , Wang Qinhong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
l-Lysine is widely used as a nutrition supplement in feed, food, and beverage industries as well as a chemical intermediate. At present, great efforts are made to further decrease the cost of lysine to make it more competitive in the markets. Furthermore, lysine also shows potential as a feedstock to produce other high-value chemicals for active pharmaceutical ingredients, drugs, or materials. In this review, the current biomanufacturing of lysine is first presented. Second, the production of novel derivatives from lysine is discussed. Some chemicals like l-pipecolic acid, cadaverine, and 5-aminovalerate already have been obtained at a lab scale. Others like 6-aminocaproic acid, valerolactam, and caprolactam could be produced through a biological and chemical coupling pathway or be synthesized by a hypothetical pathway. This review demonstrates an active and expansive lysine industry, and these green biomanufacturing strategies could also be applied to enhance the competitiveness of other amino acid industry.
Recognizable phenotypes in CDG
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R. , Altassan Ruqaia , Marques‐Da‐Silva Dorinda , Francisco Rita , Jaeken Jaak , Morava Eva 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPattern recognition, using a group of characteristic, or discriminating features, is a powerful tool in metabolic diagnostic. A classic example of this approach is used in biochemical analysis of urine organic acid analysis, where the reporting depends more on the correlation of pertinent positive and negative findings, rather than on the absolute values of specific markers. Similar uses of pattern recognition in the field of biochemical genetics include the interpretation of data obtained by metabolomics, like glycomics, where a recognizable pattern or the presence of a specific glycan sub‐fraction can lead to the direct diagnosis of certain types of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Another indispensable tool is the use of clinical pattern recognition–or syndromology–relying on careful phenotyping. While genomics might uncover variants not essential in the final clinical expression of disease, and metabolomics could point to a mixture of primary but also secondary changes in biochemical pathways, phenomics describes the clinically relevant manifestations and the full expression of the disease. In the current review we apply phenomics to the field of congenital disorders of glycosylation, focusing on recognizable differentiating findings in glycosylation disorders, characteristic dysmorphic features and malformations in PMM2‐CDG, and overlapping patterns among the currently known glycosylation disorders based on their pathophysiological basis.
Articles of Italian unite! Italian definite articles without allomorphy
Authors: Faust Noam , Lampitelli Nicola , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines the various realizations of the Italian definite article and concludes, against all previous accounts of this phenomenon, that neither the singular nor the plural realizations constitute a case of allomorphystricto sensu. Significantly extending Larsen's (1998) analysis, the paper argues that all of the realizations of the definite article, including the problematic [i] and [ʎi], share a single underlying representation. It is proposed that the definite article is associated with a template with separate sites for definiteness and φ-features. It is further argued that [ʎ] is not a primitive entity in Italian; rather, it emerges from a very specific configuration in which /i/ and /l/ are conjoined and followed by a second realized vowel /i/. The templatic and segmental decompositions yield a morphologically unified analysis in which all of the realizations of the definite article are based on a single lexical representation followed by the application of regular phonology.
Combined Geophysical Measurements Provide Evidence for Unfrozen Water in Permafrost in the Adventdalen Valley in Svalbard
Authors: Keating Kristina , Binley Andrew , Bense Victor , Van Dam Remke L. , Christiansen Hanne H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantifying the unfrozen water content of permafrost is critical for assessing impacts of surface warming on the reactivation of groundwater flow and release of greenhouse gasses from degrading permafrost. Unfrozen water content was determined along an ~12‐km transect in the Adventdalen valley in Svalbard, an area with continuous permafrost, using surface nuclear magnetic resonance and controlled source audio‐magnetotelluric data. This combination of measurements allowed for differentiation of saline from fresh pore water, and frozen from unfrozen pore water. Above the limit of Holocene marine transgression, no unfrozen water was detected, associated with high electrical resistivity. Below the marine limit, within several kilometers of the coast, up to ~10% unfrozen water content was detected, associated with low resistivity values indicating saline pore water. These results provide evidence for unfrozen water within continuous, thick permafrost in coastal settings, which has implications for groundwater flow and greenhouse gas release in similar Arctic environments.
Alterations in the p53-SOCS2 axis contribute to tumor growth in colon cancer
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwan , Lee Mi-Jin , Yu Goung-Ran , Kim Sang-Wook , Jang Kyu-Yun , Yu Hee-Chul , Cho Baik-Hwan , Kim Dae-Ghon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAltered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is found in various tumors. However, regulation of SOCS2 by upstream molecules has yet to be clearly elucidated, particularly in tumor cells. SCOCS2 expression was examined in tumor cells transfected with an inducible p53 expression system. The impact of SOCS2 on cell proliferation was measured with in vitro assays. Inhibition of tumorigenicity by SOCS2 knockdown was assessed via a mouse model. Expression profiles were compared and genes differentially expressed were identified using four types of p53-null cells (Saos, HLK3, PC3, and H1299) and the same cells stably expressing p53. Twelve kinds of target genes were simultaneously upregulated or downregulated by p53 in three or more sets of p53-null cells. SOCS2 expression was reciprocally inhibited by inducible p53 expression in p53-null cells, even colon cancer cells. SOCS2 promoter activity was inhibited by wild type but not mutant p53. SOCS2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in an animal xenograph model. SOCS2 overexpression was detected in a murine model of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colon cancer compared to mock-treated controls. SOCS2 expression was heterogeneously upregulated in some human colon cancers. Thus, SOCS2 was upregulated by p53 dysfunction and seemed to be associated with the tumorigenic potential of colon cancer.
A guide to 13C metabolic flux analysis for the cancer biologist
Authors: Antoniewicz Maciek R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCancer metabolism is significantly altered from normal cellular metabolism allowing cancer cells to adapt to changing microenvironments and maintain high rates of proliferation. In the past decade, stable-isotope tracing and network analysis have become powerful tools for uncovering metabolic pathways that are differentially activated in cancer cells. In particular, 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) has emerged as the primary technique for quantifying intracellular fluxes in cancer cells. In this review, we provide a practical guide for investigators interested in getting started with 13C-MFA. We describe best practices in 13C-MFA, highlight potential pitfalls and alternative approaches, and conclude with new developments that can further enhance our understanding of cancer metabolism.
Bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides enhance antifungal drug tolerance in a cross-kingdom oral biofilm
Authors: Kim Dongyeop , Liu Yuan , Benhamou Raphael I , Sanchez Hiram , Simón-Soro Áurea , Li Yong , Hwang Geelsu , Fridman Micha , Andes David R , Koo Hyun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Fungal–bacterial interactions generate unique biofilms that cause many infections in humans. Candida albicans interact with Streptococcus mutans in dental biofilms associated with severe childhood tooth-decay, a prevalent pediatric oral disease. Current modalities are ineffective and primarily based on antimicrobial monotherapies despite the polymicrobial nature of the infection. Here, we show that the combination of clinically used topical antifungal fluconazole with povidone iodine (PI) can completely suppress C. albicans carriage and mixed-biofilm formation without increasing bacterial killing activity in vivo. We unexpectedly found that the inclusion of PI enhanced fluconazole efficacy by potently disrupting the assembly of a protective bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix through inhibition of α-glucan synthesis by S. mutans exoenzyme (GtfB) bound on the fungal surface. Further analyses revealed that the EPS produced in situ directly bind and sequester fluconazole, reducing uptake and intracellular transportation of the drug. Conversely, inhibition of GtfB activity by PI, enzymatic degradation of the α-glucan matrix or co-culturing with gtfB-defective S. mutans re-established antifungal susceptibility. Hence, topical antifungal has limitations in mixed oral biofilms due to enhanced C. albicans tolerance to fluconazole afforded by the shielding effect of bacterial-derived EPS. The data provide new insights for treatment of C. albicans in cross-kingdom biofilms, indicating that EPS inhibitors may be required for enhanced killing efficacy and optimal anti-biofilm activity.
Validating Continuum Lowering Models via Multi-Wavelength Measurements of Integrated X-ray Emission
Authors: Kasim M. F. , Wark J. S. , Vinko S. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractX-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on our ability to identify spectroscopic signatures such as emission lines or ionization edges of individual charge states within the plasma. Here we describe a method that forgoes these requirements, enabling the validation of different continuum lowering models based solely on the total intensity of plasma emission in systems driven by narrow-bandwidth x-ray pulses across a range of wavelengths. The method is tested on published Al spectroscopy data and applied to the new case of solid-density partially-ionized Fe plasmas, where extracting ionization edges directly is precluded by the significant overlap of emission from a wide range of charge states.
The aesthetic preference for symmetry dissociates from early-emerging attention to symmetry
Authors: Huang Yi , Xue Xiaodi , Spelke Elizabeth , Huang Lijie , Zheng Wenwen , Peng Kaiping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSymmetry is a basic geometry property that affects people’s aesthetic experience in common ways across cultures and historical periods, but the origins of the universal preference for symmetrical patterns is not clear. We assessed four-year-old children’s and adults’ reported aesthetic preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical visual patterns, as well as their spontaneous attentional preferences between the patterns. We found a striking dissociation between these two measures in the children: Children looked longer at the symmetrical patterns, relative to otherwise similar but asymmetrical patterns, but they showed no explicit preference for those patterns. These findings suggest that the human’s aesthetic preferences have high postnatal plasticity, calling into question theories that symmetry is a “core feature” mediating people’s aesthetic experience throughout life. The findings also call into question the assumption, common to many studies of human infants, that attentional choices reflect subjective preferences or values.
10 GHz inverter‐type‐time‐amplifier based phase noise filter with −133 dBc/Hz phase noise sensitivity
Authors: Hao S. , Hu T. , Gu Q. 
Published: April 2018

This Letter presents an inverter‐type time amplifier (TA)‐based phase noise filter (TAPNF) with 8 dB phase noise suppression and −133 dBc/Hz phase noise sensitivity at 1 MHz offset. The phase noise improvement strategy, low noise TA design and power consumption reduction techniques are presented. The TAPNF is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process with 1.4 mm × 1.6 mm chip area and consumes 50 mW power. To authors’ best knowledge, the TAPNF achieves the best phase noise and figure‐of‐merit compared with state‐of‐the‐arts with similar technologies and carrier frequencies.
Spin rates and spin evolution of O components in WR+O binaries
Authors: Vanbeveren D. , Mennekens N. , Shara M. M. , Moffat A. F. J. 
Published: April 2018

Context.Despite 50 yr of extensive binary research, we must conclude that the Roche lobe overflow/mass transfer process that governs close binary evolution is still poorly understood.Aims.It is the scope of the present paper to lift the edge of the veil by studying the spin-up and spin-down processes of the O-type components of WR+O binaries.Methods.We critically analyzed the available observational data of rotation speeds of the O-type components in WR+O binaries. By combining a binary evolutionary code and a formalism that describes the effects of tides in massive stars with an envelope in radiative equilibrium, we computed the corresponding rotational velocities during the Roche lobe overflow of the progenitor binaries.Results.In all the WR+O binaries studied, we find that the O-type stars were affected by accretion of matter during Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) of the progenitor. This means that common envelope evolution, which excludes any accretion onto the secondary O star, has not played an important role in explaining WR+O binaries. Moreover, although it is very likely that the O-type star progenitors were spun up by mass transfer, many ended the RLOF (and mass transfer) phase with a rotational velocity that is significantly smaller than the critical rotation speed. This may indicate that during the mass transfer phase there is a spin-down process that is of the same order, although significantly less, than that of the spin-up process. We propose a Spruit–Tayler type dynamo spin-down suggested in the past to explain the rotation speeds of the mass gainers in long-period Algols.
Development of wavelength locking circuit for 1.53 micron water vapor monitoring coherent differential absorption LIDAR
Authors: Imaki Masaharu , Kojima Ryota , Kameyama Shumpei 
Published: April 2018

We have studied a ground based coherent differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) for vertical profiling of water vapor density using a 1.5μm laser wavelength. A coherent LIDAR has an advantage in daytime measurement compared with incoherent LIDAR because the influence of background light is greatly suppressed. In addition, the LIDAR can simultaneously measure wind speed and water vapor density.
We had developed a wavelength locking circuit using the phase modulation technique and offset locking technique, and wavelength stabilities of 0.123 pm which corresponds to 16 MHz are realized. In this paper, we report the wavelength locking circuits for the 1.5 um wavelength.
Validation and deployment of the first Lidar based weather observation network in New York State: The NYS MesoNet Project
Authors: Thobois L. , Freedman J. , Royer P. , Brotzge J. , Joseph E. 
Published: April 2018

The number and quality of atmospheric observations used by meteorologists and operational forecasters are increasing year after year, and yet, consistent improvements in forecast skill remains a challenge. While contributing factors involving these challenges have been identified, including the difficulty in accurately establishing initial conditions, improving the observations at regional and local scales is necessary for accurate depiction of the atmospheric boundary layer (below 2km), particularly the wind profile, in high resolution numerical models. Above the uncertainty of weather forecasts, the goal is also to improve the detection of severe and extreme weather events (severe thunderstorms, tornadoes and other mesoscale phenomena) that can adversely affect life, property and commerce, primarily in densely populated urban centers.
This paper will describe the New York State Mesonet that is being deployed in the state of New York, USA. It is composed of 126 stations including 17 profiler sites. These sites will acquire continuous upper air observations through the combination of WINDCUBE Lidars and microwave radiometers. These stations will provide temperature, relative humidity & “3D” wind profile measurements through and above the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and will retrieve derived atmospheric quantities such as the PBL height, cloud base, momentum fluxes, and aerosol & cloud optical properties. The different modes and configurations that will be used for the Lidars are discussed. The performances in terms of data availability and wind accuracy and precision are evaluated. Several profiles with specific wind and aerosol features are presented to illustrate the benefits of the use of Coherent Doppler Lidars to monitor accurately the PBL.
Difficulties in Differentiating Natural from Synthetic Alkaloids by Isotope Ratio Monitoring using 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
Authors: Robins Richard , Romek Katarzyna , Grand Mathilde , Nun Pierrick , Diomande Didier , Julien Maxime , Remaud Gérald 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWithin the food and pharmaceutical industries, there is an increasing legislative requirement for the accurate labeling of the productʼs origin. A key feature of this is to indicate whether the product is of natural or synthetic origin. With reference to this context, we have investigated three alkaloids commonly exploited for human use: nicotine, atropine, and caffeine. We have measured by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry the position-specific distribution of 13C at natural abundance within several samples of each of these target molecules. This technique is well suited to distinguishing between origins, as the distribution of the 13C isotope reflects the primary source of the carbon atoms and the process by which the molecule was (bio)synthesized. Our findings indicate that labeling can be misleading, especially in relation to a supplied compound being labeled as “synthetic” even though its 13C profile indicates a natural origin.
Examination under Anesthesia in Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: Prognostic Study
Authors: Fathalla Ismail , Holton James , Ashraf Tanweer 
Published: April 2018

Surgical management of patellar instability is a matter of wide debate. While some authors believe that isolated medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is sufficient, others advocate procedures to treat the underlying pathology, namely, patella alta and trochlear dysplasia. Radiological studies have been traditionally used as a determinant of these pathologies and to determine the need for an additional procedure. The value of examination under anesthesia (EUA) in formulating a treatment plan remains unknown. Our aim is to assess the prognostic value of EUA in assessing patients presenting for surgical treatment of recurrent patellar dislocations. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome after surgical treatment of 23 patients who had undergone isolated MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patella dislocation by a single surgeon in our tertiary center. All data were completed at the time of index surgery. Primary outcome was recurrent instability requiring revision surgery. The mean age of the 23 patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction was 17.4 years of age. The median trochlea tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance was 15 mm with a median Caton–Deschamps ratio of 1.3. Of the 23 patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction, 9 failed (39%). Median time to failure was 10.5 months. All patients who failed MPFL reconstruction had a dislocating patella on EUA at >30 degrees of flexion. Radiological assessment of the knee to assess its morphology is essential for preoperative surgical planning for patients with recurrent patellar instability. Cutoff values to determine the need for surgical procedures require a consistent method of imaging and are prone to flaws in measurement. However, we demonstrated that EUA provides valuable additional information toward an appropriate surgical approach.Based on our small cohort, we suggest that patients in whom patella remains dislocated past 30 degrees of knee flexion on EUA are unlikely to benefit from isolated MPFL reconstruction.
Betreuung und rehabilitative Behandlung neurologisch schwerstbetroffener Patienten in Phase-F-Einrichtungen
Authors: Bucka Christoph , Eigenbrod Martina 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Reha-Konzept Deutschland verfügt mit dem dargestellten Phasenmodell für die umfassende, auch langfristige Versorgung schwerstbetroffener neurologischer
Patienten über eines der besten Behandlungs- und Rehabilitationskonzepte weltweit. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der langfristigen Versorgung sind die in diesem
Artikel als Schwerpunkt dargestellten Phase-F-Einrichtungen.
Fear of crime: the impact of different distributions of victimisation
Authors: Prieto Curiel Rafael , Bishop Steven Richard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere is often a mismatch between levels of crime and the fear of becoming a victim of crime. It is not uncommon to find individuals who suffer little or no crime but yet who are still fearful of some future crime. Alternatively, a place or region might see an increase in crime over time while the fear of crime remains unchanged. Building on a model that previously considered the fear of crime as an opinion shared by simulated individuals, here the impact that different distributions of crime have on the fear experienced by the population is analysed. Simulating the dynamics of the fear of individuals, along with changes of the distribution of crime, leads to results which show that fear is sensitive to the distribution of crime and that there is a phase transition for high levels of concentration of crime. A policy may be oriented to reduce crime, so that the population effectively suffers less crime, but if the victimisation is displaced to other individuals, then the perception of insecurity may not decrease, with fear becoming more widespread.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates SRC, relocating chaperones to the cell surface where GRP78/CD109 blocks TGF-β signaling
Authors: Tsai Yuan-Li , Ha Dat P. , Zhao He , Carlos Anthony J. , Wei Shan , Pun Tsam Kiu , Wu Kaijin , Zandi Ebrahim , Kelly Kevin , Lee Amy S. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated relocalization of ER chaperones to the cell surface allows cells to expand their functionality beyond the ER, impacting survival, death, migration, and immunity. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the interacting partners on the cell surface. Both protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC and TGF-β are important players in cell signaling, growth, apoptosis, and survival. Our discoveries that SRC activation is the driving force in the escape of ER luminal proteins to the cell surface via disruption of retrograde transport provide an oncogenic function for SRC and uncover a mechanism for regulation of TGF-β signaling via the GRP78/CD109 partnership, with therapeutic implications in cancer and other human diseases.