bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warfarin use increases bleeding risk in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Hussain Salman , Siddiqui Ali Nasir , Baxi Harveen , Habib Anwar , Hussain Md Sarfaraj , Najmi Abul Kalam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAtrial fibrillation is one of the most common comorbid conditions in hemodialysis patients, and warfarin is widely prescribed anticoagulant to prevent thromboembolic complications in such patients. In the last decade, several epidemiological studies pointed out the risk of bleeding with the use of warfarin. So, this meta‐analysis is aimed to assess the bleeding risk associated with the use of warfarin.MethodsThis meta‐analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane central databases were searched from inception to June 10, 2018. The primary outcome was to quantify the bleeding risk associated with warfarin use. The secondary outcome was to assess the bleeding risk based on different subgroups. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 was used for performing statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 15 studies, constituting a pooled sample of 53 581 patients (37.14% female), were included. Of these, 17 469 were warfarin users. We found that warfarin use had a significant association with the bleeding risk. The pooled relative risk (RR) of bleeding was estimated to be 1.35 (95% CI: 1.18–1.53, P = < 0.00001), and the pooled RR of major bleeding (five studies) was estimated to be 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07–1.63, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association of warfarin use with the intracranial hemorrhage/hemorrhagic stroke (nine studies) (pooled RR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.20–1.71, P = < 0.0001]).ConclusionsThe results indicate that warfarin use increases the risk of bleeding in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation.
Fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine induce microglial apoptosis
Authors: Dhami Kamaldeep S. , Churchward Matthew A. , Baker Glen B. , Todd Kathryn G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInflammatory insult to the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to development of depression, and subsequently depression is the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity following ischemic stroke, often limiting recovery and rehabilitation in patients. The initiators of inflammatory pathways in the CNS are microglia activated in response to acute ischemic stress, and anti‐depressants have been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects in the CNS, promoting neuronal survival following ischemic insult. We have previously shown that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and citalopram promote neuronal survival after oxygen‐glucose deprivation, an in vitro model of ischemia, by attenuating the release of glutamate and D‐serine from activated microglia. Interestingly, we found that fluoxetine‐treated microglial cultures contained fewer numbers of cells compared to other groups and hypothesized that fluoxetine and citalopram attenuated the release of glutamate and D‐serine by promoting the apoptosis of microglia. The present study aimed to test and compare antidepressants from three distinct classes (tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and SSRIs) on microglial apoptosis. Primary microglia were treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide and/or 10 μM antidepressants, and various apoptotic markers were assayed. Fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine decreased protein levels in cell lysates, decreased cell viability of microglia, and increased the expression of the apoptotic marker cleaved‐caspase 3 in microglia. Live/dead nuclear staining also showed that fluoxetine‐ or norfluoxetine‐treated cultures contained greater numbers of dying microglial cells compared to vehicle‐treated cultures. Cultures treated with citalopram, phenelzine, or imipramine showed no evidence of inducing microglial apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that fluoxetine and norfluoxetine induce the apoptotic death of microglia, which may serve as a mechanism to attenuate the release of glutamate and D‐serine from activated microglia.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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The association between high‐volume intraoperative fluid administration and outcomes among pediatric patients undergoing large bowel resection
Authors: Sanford Ethan L. , Zurakowski David , Litvinova Anna , Zalieckas Jill M. , Cravero Joseph P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraditional intraoperative fluid administration practices have been challenged this century with data suggesting improved outcomes with restrictive or goal‐directed fluid administration during adult bowel surgery. Minimal data on outcomes associated with differing intraoperative fluid administration practice exists for pediatric patients.AimsWe assessed factors and outcomes associated with high‐volume fluid administration in pediatric patients undergoing colectomy. We hypothesized that high‐volume fluid administration is associated with impaired recovery and, thus, increased length of stay.MethodsA database of perioperative practice and postoperative outcomes at a tertiary pediatric hospital was queried for colectomy encounters between July 2012 and March 2017. Data extracted included patient characteristics, perioperative clinical data, and postoperative outcomes. Encounters were stratified into two groups: greater than 90th percentile fluids administered (high‐volume fluid administration group) vs less than 90th percentile fluids administered. Univariable tests, multivariable logistic regression, and propensity score matched group comparisons were used to asses outcomes associated with high‐volume fluid administration.ResultsA total of 209 colectomy encounters were identified from which 12 were excluded based on predetermined criteria. High‐volume fluid administration was associated with length of stay >6 days (AOR 8.14, CI 1.75‐37.8, P = 0.007), time to first meal >4 days (AOR of 5.91, CI 1.30‐27.17, P = 0.02), and supplemental oxygen requirement >24 hours (AOR 3.60, CI 1.25‐10.39, P = 0.02) after adjusting for ASA status, blood loss, transfusion, and open surgery. Similarly, propensity score matched patients with high‐volume fluid administration vs controls were more likely to have length of stay >6 days (93% vs 54%, P = 0.007), time to first meal >4 days (93% vs 57%, P = 0.009), and supplemental oxygen requirement >24 hours (36% vs 12%, P = 0.033).ConclusionHigh‐volume fluid administration during colectomy for pediatric patients is associated with worsened postoperative outcomes suggestive of impaired recovery.
Current perspectives on treatment of perioperative hemodynamic instability and hypotension
Authors: Joffe Denise C. , Latham Gregory J. , Ross Faith J. 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Overall, there are numerous causes of hypotension in the perioperative period. The approach to definitive treatment must be tailored to the child's unique anatomy and physiology, as well as the current factors presumed to be eliciting the hypotensive state. It is imperative to consider both routine and lesion‐specific etiologies to the current hypotensive episode. Lastly, when employing pharmacologic therapy for hypotension, there are often multiple combinations of medications that can reasonably be used to achieve the desired hemodynamic effects.
Functional relationships between hydraulic traits and the timing of diurnal depression of photosynthesis
Authors: Bucci Sandra J. , Carbonell Silletta Luisina M. , Garré Analía , Cavallaro Agustín , Efron Samanta Thais , Arias Nadia S. , Goldstein Guillermo , Scholz Fabían G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hydraulic coordination along the water transport pathway helps trees provide adequate water supply to the canopy, ensuring that water deficits are minimized and that stomata remain open for CO2 uptake. We evaluated the stem and leaf hydraulic coordination and the linkages between hydraulic traits and the timing of diurnal depression of photosynthesis across seven evergreen tree species in the southern Andes. There was a positive correlation between stem hydraulic conductivity (ks) and leaf hydraulic conductance (KLeaf) across species. All species had similar maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax). The species with higher ks and KLeaf attained Amax in the morning, whereas the species with lower ks and KLeaf exhibited their Amax in the early afternoon concurrently with turgor loss. These latter species had very negative leaf water potentials, but far from the pressure at which the 88% of leaf hydraulic conductance is lost. Our results suggest that diurnal gas exchange dynamics may be determined by leaf hydraulic vulnerability such that a species more vulnerable to drought restrict water loss and carbon assimilation earlier than species less vulnerable. However, under stronger drought, species with earlier CO2 uptake depression may increase the risk of hydraulic failure, as their safety margins are relatively narrow.
Photo‐Modification of Melanin by a Mid‐infrared Free‐electron Laser
Authors: Kawasaki Takayasu , Sato Aomi , Tominaga Yuki , Suzuki You , Oyama Takahiro , Tadokoro Makoto , Tsukiyama Koichi , Nokihara Kiyoshi , Zen Heishun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMelanin is rigidly constructed by several nitrogen‐containing aromatic rings, and its excess accumulation in skin tissue is closely associated with melanosis. Although visible lasers (wavelength: 600–1000 nm) are conventionally used for the photo‐thermolysis of melanocyte, several pigmented nevi are difficult to be treated. Here, we propose an alternate method for targeting the molecular structure of melanin using an infrared free‐electron laser (FEL) tuned to 5.8 μm that corresponds to the stretching vibrational mode of carboxylate group. A drastic morphological change on the black‐colored surface of melanin powder was observed after the pulse irradiation with power energy of 500 mJ cm−2, and the minimum irradiation time for damage to the morphology was 1.4 s. Analyses by mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance implied that a pyrrole group was removed by the FEL irradiation. In addition, the FEL irradiation dispersed almost all of the melanoma cells from a culture solution without any influence on other ingredients in the medium, and one‐cell analysis by infrared microscopy showed that the structure of melanoma could be substantially damaged by the irradiation. This study proposes the potency of intense mid‐infrared laser as novel alternative way to reduce melanin.
Bystander Me45 Melanoma Cells Increase Damaging Effect in UVC‐irradiated Cells
Authors: Krzywon Aleksandra , Widel Maria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of the bystander effect induced by UVC light in malignant melanoma Me45 cells that were co‐incubated with irradiated cells of the same line. We have found that the UVC band effectively generated apoptosis, premature senescence, single and double DNA strand breaks and reduced clonogenic survival of bystander cells. However, in the feedback response, the bystander cells intensified damage in directly irradiated cells, especially seen at the level of apoptosis and survival of clonogenic cells. Pretreatment of bystander cells with inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase blocks this signaling. It seems that the mediators of this phenomenon produced and secreted by neighboring cells are superoxide, nitric oxide and TGF‐β. The reverse deleterious effect caused by cells not exposed to UVC in directly exposed cells is opposed to the protective/rescue effect exerted by the bystander cells in the case of ionizing radiation known in the literature. Whether this opposite adverse effect is a feature of only Me45 melanoma cells or whether it is a general phenomenon occurring between cells of other types exposed to ultraviolet radiation requires further research.
The impact of physical proximity and attachment working models on cardiovascular reactivity: Comparing mental activation and romantic partner presence
Authors: Bourassa Kyle J. , Ruiz John M. , Sbarra David A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClose relationships, especially high‐quality romantic relationships, are consistently associated with positive physical health outcomes. Attenuated cardiovascular reactivity is one physiological mechanism implicated in explaining these effects. Drawing on attachment and social baseline theories, this experimental study evaluated two potential affiliative cues as mechanisms through which romantic relationships may attenuate cardiovascular reactivity to a laboratory‐based stressor. Prior to a cold pressor task, 102 participants were randomly assigned to either have their partner physically present, call upon a mental representation of their partner, or think about their day during the stressor. Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, participants in both the partner present and mental activation conditions had significantly lower blood pressure (BP) reactivity during the cold pressor task compared to control participants for both systolic (d = −0.54) and diastolic BP (d = −0.53), but no significant differences emerged for heart rate or heart rate variability. Although participants in the partner present and mental activation conditions had similar BP reactivity to the cold pressor task, those in the partner present condition reported significantly less pain as a result of the task. The difference in BP reactivity by condition was moderated—BP reactivity was greater for people with lower self‐reported relationship satisfaction. The results suggest that accessing the mental representation of a romantic partner and a partner’s presence each buffer against exaggerated acute stress responses to a similar degree.
Semiparametric Model for Bivariate Survival Data Subject to Biased Sampling
Authors: Piao Jin , Ning Jing , Shen Yu 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTo understand better the relationship between patient characteristics and their residual survival after an intermediate event such as the local recurrence of cancer, it is of interest to identify patients with the intermediate event and then to analyse their residual survival data. One challenge in analysing such data is that the observed residual survival times tend to be longer than those in the target population, since patients who die before experiencing the intermediate event are excluded from the cohort identified. We propose to model jointly the ordered bivariate survival data by using a copula model and appropriately adjusting for the sampling bias. We develop an estimating procedure to estimate simultaneously the parameters for the marginal survival functions and the association parameter in the copula model, and we use a two-stage expectation–maximization algorithm. Using empirical process theory, we prove that the estimators have strong consistency and asymptotic normality. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the finite sample performance of the method proposed. We apply the method to two cohort studies to evaluate the association between patient characteristics and residual survival.
A General Framework for Quantile Estimation with Incomplete Data
Authors: Han Peisong , Kong Linglong , Zhao Jiwei , Zhou Xingcai 
Published: January 2019

SummaryQuantile estimation has attracted significant research interest in recent years. However, there has been only a limited literature on quantile estimation in the presence of incomplete data. We propose a general framework to address this problem. Our framework combines the two widely adopted approaches for missing data analysis, the imputation approach and the inverse probability weighting approach, via the empirical likelihood method. The method proposed is capable of dealing with many different missingness settings. We mainly study three of them: estimating the marginal quantile of a response that is subject to missingness while there are fully observed covariates; estimating the conditional quantile of a fully observed response while the covariates are partially available; estimating the conditional quantile of a response that is subject to missingness with fully observed covariates and extra auxiliary variables. The method proposed allows multiple models for both the missingness probability and the data distribution. The resulting estimators are multiply robust in the sense that they are consistent if any one of these models is correctly specified. The asymptotic distributions are established by using empirical process theory.
What are the social predictors of accident and emergency attendance in disadvantaged neighbourhoods? Results from a cross-sectional household health survey in the north west of England
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , McIntyre Jason Cameron , Daras Konstantinos , Gabbay Mark , Downing Jennifer , Pirmohamed Munir , Walker Fran , Sawicki Wojciech , Alfirevic Ana , Barr Ben 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the most important determinants of accident and emergency (A&E) attendance in disadvantaged areas.Design, setting and participantsA total of 3510 residents from 20 disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the North West Coast area in England completed a comprehensive public health survey.Main outcome measuresParticipants were asked to complete general background information, as well as information about their physical health, mental health, lifestyle, social issues, housing and environment, work and finances, and healthcare service usage. Only one resident per household could take part in the survey. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess the predictors of A&E attendance frequency in the previous 12 months.Results31.6% of the sample reported having attended A&E in the previous 12 months, ranging from 1 to 95 visits. Controlling for demographic and health factors, not being in employment and living in poor quality housing increased the likelihood of attending an A&E service. Service access was also found to be predictive of A&E attendance insofar as there were an additional 18 fewer A&E attendances per 100 population for each kilometre closer a person lived to a general practitioner (GP) practice, and 3 fewer attendances per 100 population for each kilometre further a person lived from an A&E department.ConclusionsThis is one of the first surveys to explore a comprehensive set of socio-economic factors as well as proximity to both GP and A&E services as predictors of A&E attendance in disadvantaged areas. Findings from this study suggest the need to address both socioeconomic issues, such as employment and housing quality, as well as structural issues, such as public transport and access to primary care, to reduce the current burden on A&E departments.
How does the process of group singing impact on people affected by cancer? A grounded theory study
Authors: Warran Katey , Fancourt Daisy , Wiseman Theresa 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to build an understanding of how the process of singing impacts on those who are affected by cancer, including patients, staff, carers and those who have been bereaved.DesignA qualitative study, informed by a grounded theory approach.Setting and participantsPatients with cancer, staff, carers and bereaved who had participated for a minimum of 6 weeks in one of two choirs for people affected by cancer.Methods31 participants took part in Focus Group Interviews lasting between 45 min and an hour, and 1 participant had a face-to-face interview.FindingsFour overarching themes emerged from the iterative analysis procedure. The overarching themes were: building resilience, social support, psychological dimensions and process issues. Following further analyses, a theoretical model was created to depict how building resilience underpins the findings.ConclusionGroup singing may be a suitable intervention for building resilience in those affected by cancer via an interaction between the experience and impact of the choir.
Development and piloting of a highly tailored digital intervention to support adherence to antihypertensive medications as an adjunct to primary care consultations
Authors: Kassavou Aikaterini , Houghton Vikki , Edwards Simon , Brimicombe James , Sutton Stephen 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThis paper describes the systematic development and piloting of a highly tailored text and voice message intervention to increase adherence to medication in primary care.MethodsFollowing the Medical Research Council guidance, this paper describes (a) the systematic development of the theoretical framework, based on review of theories and meta-analyses of effectiveness; (b) the systematic development of the delivery mode, intervention content and implementation procedures, based on consultations, face-to-face interviews, think-aloud protocols, focus groups, systematic reviews, patient and public involvement/engagement input, intervention pre-test; and (c) the piloting of the intervention, based on a 1-month intervention; and follow-up assessment including interviews and questionnaires. The mixed-methods analysis combined findings from the parallel studies complementarily.Resultsintervention development suggested the target behaviour of the intervention should be the tablets taken at a regular time of the day. It recommended that patients could be more receptive to intervention content when they initiate medication taking or they change prescription plan; and more emphasis is needed to patients’ consent process. Intervention piloting suggested high intervention engagement with, and fidelity of, the intervention content; which included a combination of behaviour change techniques, and was highly tailored to patients’ beliefs and prescription plan. Patients reported that the intervention content increased awareness about the necessity to take and maintain adherent to medication, reinforced social support and habit formation, and reminded them to take medication as prescribed.ConclusionTailored automated text and voice message interventions are feasible ways to improve medication adherence as an adjunct to primary care.Trial registration numberISRCTN10668149.
Photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of chloroindium(III) tetraarylporphyrins and their gold nanoparticle conjugates
Authors: Soy Rodah C. , Babu Balaji , Oluwole David O. , Nwaji Njemuwa , Oyim James , Amuhaya Edith , Prinsloo Earl , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: January 2019

Novel chloroindium(III) complexes of tetra(4-methylthiophenyl)porphyrin (2a) and tetra-2-thienylporphyrin (2b) dyes have been synthesized and characterized. The main goal of the project was to identify fully symmetric porphyrin dyes with Q-band regions that lie partially in the therapeutic window that are suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). 2a and 2b were found to have fluorescence quantum yield values [Formula: see text] 0.01 and moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yields (0.54−0.73) due to heavy atom effects associated with the sulfur and indium atoms. The dark toxicity and PDT activity against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated over a dose range of 3.0−40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity of 2a is significantly lower than that of 2b at [Formula: see text] 40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. 2a was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a nanoconjugate (2a-AuNPs), which exhibited a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] value and PDT activity than was observed for 2a alone. The results suggest that the AuNPs nanoconjugates of readily synthesized fully symmetric porphyrin dyes are potentially suitable for PDT applications, if meso-aryl substituents that provide scope for nanoparticle conjugation can be introduced that shift the Q bands into the therapeutic window.