bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus DNA prevalence and type distribution in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Ghana
Authors: Dawson Richardar N Taylor , Nartey Nii Otu , Kwamin Francis , Nyako Ebenezer A , Asmah Richard H , Blankson Harriet N , Mensah Samuel De Graft , Ndanu Tom Akuetteh , Johnson Newell W 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A total of 88 OSCC specimens collected between 2006 and 2013 were available for the study. DNA was extracted using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and analysed for the presence of 18 HPV genotypes using a nested polymerase chain reaction using consensus forward primer (GP-E6-3F) and two consensus back primers (GP-E7-5B and GP-E7-6B). Plasmid DNA of HPV 16 and 18 was used as positive controls. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 3 of the 88 samples, a prevalence of 3.4%. Genotypes detected were 16, 18 and 52. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HPV DNA was 3.4%. Only high-risk genotypes were detected. This low prevalence of high-risk types of HPV suggests that the HPV virus may not have a significant role in the development of oral cancers in Ghana, unlike higher rates described elsewhere in the world, especially in Western countries. Surveillance of future prevalence of HPV and attention to other major risk factors is warranted.
Bipolar Bone Loss in Male Athletes With Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability: An Evaluation Using a New Scoring System
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Hanai Hiroto , Mae Tatsuo , Hayashida Kenji , Yoneda Minoru 
Published: July 2018

Background: The combination of a glenoid defect and a Hill-Sachs lesion in a shoulder with anterior instability has recently been termed “bipolar bone loss,” but the prevalence and influence of this condition on postoperative recurrence after arthroscopic Bankart repair are still unclear. Purpose: To investigate bipolar bone loss in male athletes using a new scoring system and to evaluate its efficacy by comparing it with the glenoid track concept. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The sizes of both lesions were evaluated retrospectively in 80 male athletes (85 shoulders) using computed tomography. The glenoid defects and the length, width, and depth of the Hill-Sachs lesions were classified into 5 size categories and were allocated scores from “0” for no defect to “4” for the largest defect. Patients were then classified into 5 classes according to the total score for both lesions: class 1, 0-1 point; class 2, 2 points; class 3, 3 points; class 4, 4 points; and class 5, ≥5 points. The prevalence of bipolar bone loss and postoperative recurrence rates for patients with at least 2 years of follow-up were compared among the classes. The recurrence rate for each class was also compared between shoulders with an off-track lesion and shoulders with an on-track lesion as well as among 3 sporting categories: rugby, American football, and other sports. Results: Based on the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion length, the postoperative recurrence rate was 0% for shoulders in class 1, 12.5% for class 2, 33.3% for class 3, 28.6% for class 4, and 31.3% for class 5, while the recurrence rates were 0%, 16.7%, 28.6%, 27.3%, and 31.6%, respectively, for the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion width and 0%, 8.3%, 26.7%, 28.6%, and 35.3%, respectively, for the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion depth. Postoperative recurrence was frequently recognized regardless of the presence of off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. No recurrence was recognized in class 1 shoulders among rugby players, in classes 1 and 2 among American football players, and in classes 1 through 3 among other athletes based on the combination of glenoid defect size and Hill-Sachs lesion size. Conclusion: Our scoring system for bipolar bone loss was useful to evaluate the influence on postoperative recurrence in male athletes. The postoperative recurrence rate was influenced by the extent of bipolar bone loss and the sporting category regardless of the presence of off-track lesions.
Prevalence of Shoulder Labral Injury in Collegiate Football Players at the National Football League Scouting Combine
Authors: Mannava Sandeep , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Murphy Colin P. , Sanchez Anthony , Sanchez George , Dornan Grant J. , Bradley James P. , LaPrade Robert F. , Millett Peter J. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Labral tears confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are a relatively common injury among collegiate athletes and can influence a player’s ability to compete at the professional level. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of MRI-confirmed shoulder labral injuries in collegiate football players entering the National Football League (NFL) Combine and to further describe these injuries by tear location, player position, history of surgical intervention, and associated concomitant shoulder injuries. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data from 2009 to 2015 were retrospectively collected through review of the injury data registry available to the medical and training staff of all NFL teams following the completion of the NFL Combine. After players with potential labral tears were identified through history and examination, their MRIs were reviewed by 2 fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons. Players diagnosed with a labral tear confirmed by MRI were separated for further analysis. Results: A total of 2285 players were analyzed for the presence of labral tears at the NFL Combine. Overall, 377 shoulders (in 340/2285 players; 14.9%) demonstrated MRI evidence of labral tear; whereas linebackers had the highest rate of labral tear (19.2%), linemen had significantly higher risk for labral injury in at least 1 shoulder (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.67; P = .029) compared with nonlinemen. Of the 377 shoulders analyzed, 115 (30.5%) exhibited an anterior labral tear, 131 (34.7%) had a posterior labral tear, and 131 (34.7%) had combined anterior and posterior tears. One hundred twenty (31.8%) shoulders had superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears. A total of 203 (53.8%) shoulders demonstrated evidence of previous surgical intervention on imaging. Conclusion: Injury involving the labrum is relatively common among participants at the NFL Combine, especially linebackers and linemen. Further investigation is necessary to determine the impact these injuries have on player draft position and NFL performance.
TIGIT immune checkpoint blockade restores CD8+ T-cell immunity against multiple myeloma
Authors: Guillerey Camille , Harjunpää Heidi , Carrié Nadège , Kassem Sahar , Teo Tricia , Miles Kim , Krumeich Sophie , Weulersse Marianne , Cuisinier Marine , Stannard Kimberley , Yu Yuan , Minnie Simone A. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Dougall William C. , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Teng Michele W. L. , Nakamura Kyohei , Martinet Ludovic , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
TIGIT expression is upregulated on CD8+ T cells during MM progression and is associated with impaired effector functions. TIGIT deficiency or blockade protects mice against MM and improves effector functions of myeloma patient CD8+ T cells.
Evaluating the effects of a peer-led suturing and wound management workshop for doctors working in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Buick T. A. , Hamilton D. , Weatherdon G. , O'Shea C. I. , McAlpine G. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPsychiatric in-patients are often transferred to an emergency department for care of minor wounds, incurring significant distress to the patient and cost to the service.AimsTo improve superficial wound management in psychiatric in-patients and reduce transfers to the emergency department.MethodThirty-four trainees attended two peer-led suturing and wound management teaching sessions, and a suturing kit box was compiled and stored at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital. Teaching was evaluated using Kirkpatrick's model, and patient transfer numbers were acquired by reviewing in-patient Datix reports and emergency department case notes for 6 months before and after teaching.ResultsThe proportion of patients transferred to the emergency department decreased significantly from 90% 6 months before the workshop to 30% 6 months after (P < 0.05). Trainees engaged positively and there was a significant increase in self-confidence rating following the workshop (P < 0.05). The estimated cost saving per transfer was £183.76.ConclusionThe combination of a peer-led workshop and on-site suturing kit box was effective in reducing transfers to the emergency department and provided a substantial cost saving.Declaration of interestNone.
Absence of the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation in familial breast and ovarian cancer in Colombia: a case-control study
Authors: Rivera-Herrera Ana-Lucia , Cifuentes-C Laura , Gil-Vera JA , Barreto Guillermo 
Published: July 2018

Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been identified as high-penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes, but they only account for a small fraction of the inherited component of breast cancer. To explain the remaining cases, a polygenic model with a large number of low- to moderate-penetrance genes have been proposed; one of these, is the CHEK2 gene (Checkpoint Kinase 2). The objective of this study was to determine the role of the CHEK2 gene, specifically the c.1100delC mutation in familial breast cancer susceptibility in Colombian patients. Methods: We screened 131 high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer patients (negative for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2) and 131 controls for the germline mutation CHEK2 c.1100delC by allele-specific PCR. Results: None of the cases or controls showed the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation, neither as a homozygote nor as a heterozygote. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation is not a risk factor for genetic susceptibility to familial breast or ovarian cancer in the Colombian population. The absence of the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation in our population show the importance of considering ethnic background before offering a genetic test.
Comparison of the oxidative potential of primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols derived from α-pinene and gasoline engine exhaust precursors
Authors: Lovett Christopher , Baasiri Mohamad , Atwi Khairallah , Sowlat Mohammad H. , Shirmohammadi Farimah , Shihadeh Alan L. , Sioutas Constantinos 
Published: July 2018

Background: Primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, deriving from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, represent a major fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM) and play an important role in the etiology of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, largely through systemic inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. The relative contributions of these species to the inhalation burden, however, are rather poorly characterized. In this study, we measured the in vitro oxidative stress response of alveolar macrophages exposed to primary and secondary PM derived from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Methods: POA and SOA were generated within an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) fed by pure, aerosolized α-pinene or gasoline engine exhaust, as representative emissions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The OFR utilized an ultraviolet (UV) lamp to achieve an equivalent atmospheric aging process of several days. Results: Anthropogenic SOA produced the greatest oxidative response (1900 ± 255 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), followed by biogenic (α-pinene) SOA (1321 ± 542 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), while anthropogenic POA produced the smallest response (51.4 ± 64.3 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and controlling anthropogenic emissions in the urban atmosphere, while also taking into consideration spatial and seasonal differences in SOA composition. Local concentrations of biogenic and anthropogenic species contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM may vary widely, depending on the given region and time of year, due to factors such as surrounding vegetation, proximity to urban areas, and hours of daylight.
A comparison between time of exposure, number of pitfall traps and the sampling cost to capture ground-dwelling poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Gomes Camila Brito , Souza Jorge L. P. , Franklin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

Using effective survey protocols to address the effects of environmental change are key to saving time, resources and costs. Although exhaustive sampling in any location has been shown as impractical, biodiversity sampling projects must capture sufficient information to show how species assemblages change with the environmental variables. This study investigated time of exposure in the field and the number of pitfall traps that efficiently sampled poneromorph ants in 30 250 m long plots across an area of 25 km2 of tropical rain forest in Brazil. The treatments used for the surveys included two days and 300 traps, 14 days and 300 traps, 14 days and 750 traps, and were considered the minimum, intermediate and maximum sampling efforts, respectively. We characterized each assemblage of ants in relation to a gradient of soil texture, terrain slope and leaf and branch litter volume, and then tested whether the ecological relationships observed with the maximum effort were comparable to data on intermediate and minimum sampling efforts. We also estimated the cost-effectiveness of using the protocols in survey programs. The assemblage of species sampled during 14 days was similar to the assemblage captured during two days, indicating that the number of days influenced the assemblage similarity more than the number of sampling traps. All ecological patterns detected with the maximum effort were also captured with lesser sampling efforts. Overall, both the intermediate and minimum sampling efforts represented savings around 26˗40% of total project costs and 43˗45% of time to process the samples. We recommend that two days of trapping time combined with 300 pitfall traps is a highly effective shortcut for monitoring assessment, which can be applied to large-scale biodiversity surveys in tropical forests.
Divergent Solutions to Visual Problem Solving across Mammalian Species
Authors: Mustafar Faiz , Harvey Michael A. , Khani Abbas , Arató József , Rainer Gregor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and behavior relies on the use of invasive techniques, which necessitate the use of animal models. However, when different species learn the same task, to what degree are they actually producing the same behavior and engaging homologous neural circuitry? This question has received virtually no recent attention, even as the most powerful new methodologies for measuring and perturbing the nervous system have become increasingly dependent on the use of murine species. Here, we test humans, rats, monkeys, and an evolutionarily intermediate species, tree shrews, on a three alternative, forced choice, visual contrast discrimination task. As anticipated, learning rate, peak performance, and transfer across contrasts was lower in the rat compared to the other species. More interestingly, rats exhibited two major behavioral peculiarities: while monkeys and tree shrews based their choices largely on visual information, rats tended to base their choices on past reward history. Furthermore, as the task became more difficult, rats largely disengaged from the visual stimulus, reverting to innate spatial predispositions in order to collect rewards near chance probability. Our findings highlight the limitation of muridae as models for translational research, at least in the area of visually based decision making.
Representações Sociais da velhice LGBT: estudo comparativo entre universitários de Direito, Pedagogia e Psicologia
Authors: Teixeira Carlos Karolyna Pessoa , De Oliveira Santos José Victor , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: O presente estudo foi realizado com 300 universitários brasileiros dos cursos de psicologia, direito e pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa conhecer as representações sociais destes três grupos de estudantes acerca do envelhecimento LGBT.
Método: Para conhecer tais representações sociais utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário sócio-demográfico para avaliar se há variação das representações de acordo com idade, sexo, graduação e orientação sexual. A amostragem foi por conveniência, sendo que os instrumentos de coleta de dadosforam aplicados coletivamente na própria instituição durante o horário de aula. Para a análise dos dados obtidos utilizou-se o software Iramuteq que gerou o dendograma estudado.
Resultados: Entre as principais conclusões observa-se que os integrantes da pesquisaobjetivaram suas RS sobre velhice LGBT em dois campos antagônicos, de um lado revelando o preconceito e a discriminação sofrida pelos idosos, e consequente exclusão social. Por outro o direito que tu tens de viver seu estilo de vida sendo respeitados e assumindo seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos.
Conclusión: Finalmente, percebe-se que a representação social dos universitários sobre a orientação sexual dos idosos está relacionada a uma escolha e não uma construção social. Espera-se que os dados encontrados subsidiem estudos em outros contextos e intervenções psicossociais.
Descripción, tipologia e intencionalidad de la intimidacion escolar en estudiantes de sexto a octavo de bachillerato
Authors: Erazo Santander Oscar A. 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: El estudio busca identificar la intimidacion escolar y describir las actitudes que lo motivan, además de conocer la percepción de padres y docentes sobre el fenómeno.
Método: Se utilizó la metodologia cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo-transversal, y se aplicaron la lista de chequeo Mi Vida en la Escuela y el Cuestionario de Actitudes Hacia la Violencia CAHV-25, para identificar la intimidación y las actitudes que prevalecen al respecto. En la descripción de la percepción en padres ydocentes, se usó el Cuestionario de Maltrato entre Iguales (preconcimei). Se escogio una muestra de tipo aleatoria, conformada por 1.300 estudiantes entre los 10 a los 16 años, 513 padres y 81 docentes de 6° a 8° de bachillerato de 5 instituciones educativas.
Resultados: Se confirmó la existencia de la intimidacion física en un 38 % y psicológica en el 68 %, con diversas tipologias y diferencias por género. Ademas, el 35.1 % de docentes y 31.4 % de padres informan la existencia del fenomeno en su institucion.
Conclusión: La prevalencia del fenómeno en instituciones educativas de Popayán es de riesgo, producto de la ausencia de programas de promoción, prevención e intervención de la temática y el desconcimiento de la comunidad educativa.
Teoría de las representaciones sociales. Una aproximación al estado del arte en América Latina
Authors: Urbina Cárdenas Jesús Ernesto , Ovalles Rodríguez Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Realizar una aproximación al estado del arte de las investigaciones en representaciones sociales en América Latina.
Método: Investigación de tipo documental que consideró las siguientes fases: preoperatoria, heurística y hermenéutica. La información, correspondiente a 172 artículos de investigación empírica y 102 artículos de naturaleza teórica, fue clasificada mediante la construcción de bases de datos y matrices en la Hoja de Cálculo Excel.
Resultados: Los trabajos de investigación más relevantes han sido desarrollados en países como Brasil, México, Venezuela y Argentina, los cuales están principalmente orientados por el enfoque procesual y se enfocan principalmente en áreas temáticas como salud, género, problemáticas sociales, educación, política y cultura.
Conclusiones: En América Latina se han realizado aportes significativos en el campo de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como enfoque investigativo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Con un predominio del enfoque procesual, los estudios se orientan hacia la comprensión y transformación de la realidad social.
Congrès CAP-Kyoto2017 : la place de la diversité des langues en didactique du français
Authors: GOUJON Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉ. Vingt ans après la signature du protocole de Kyoto de 1997, le 4ème congrès régional de la Commission Asie-Pacifique de la Fédération Internationale des Professeurs de Français s’est tenu à Kyoto même, afin de promouvoir le français dans un souci de préserver l’environnement linguistique, voire de faire de celui-ci, via la francophonie, un garant de la protection de la diversité des langues et des cultures. Bien que l’intention soit louable et sa franchise indiscutable, il est difficile de cerner concrètement les pourtours de cette démarche. Nous présentons dans cet article une recherche basée sur une enquête post-congrès et sur l’analyse du programme dudit congrès pour saisir des représentations que les enseignants-chercheurs en didactique du français se font de cette diversité. Les résultats de ces analyses font comprendre que si la francophonie est réellement vécue, elle et la diversité des langues sont insuffisamment exprimées. Mots-clés : didactique des langues, diversité des langues et des cultures, francophone, francophonophile, langues francophones ABSTRACT. Twenty years after Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997, the 4th regional convention of the Asia-Pacific Committee belonging to the International Federation of the French Language Teachers took place in Kyoto to promote the French language in the current climate of language preservation. The tendency is to make the French language a protector of linguistic and cultural diversity. However, this approach is hard to define, regardless the genuine intentions. Based on a post-convention survey of the attendees and on an analysis of the convention’s programme, this research helps to understand some representations that university lecturers and researchers of the French language education have about this diversity. The results of those analysis show that francophonie (the French-speaking world) and linguistic diversity are not much expressed, even though francophonie is well experienced. Keywords : diversity of languages and cultures, francophone, francophonophile, French-speaking languages, Language education
O USO DE SOFTWARES NO ESTUDO DO CONCEITO DE FUNÇÃO
Authors: Lima Gilmar Bezerra de , Araújo Pedro de Lima , Bezerra Evandro , Santos Marilene Rosa dos 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo trata a respeito do estudo do conceito das funções, destacando o uso de softwares como uma boa ferramenta para a introdução desse assunto, pois observamos que o ensino tradicional tem deixado um pouco a desejar. Ele traz também um pequeno esboço da história das funções, mostrando personagens importantes nesse conteúdo. Frisamos, também, a importância desse conteúdo para a humanidade em diversas áreas e os problemas relacionados com a aprendizagem do conceito das funções. Assim, elaboramos
uma pesquisa como forma de obtermos mais uma ferramenta para melhorar o ensino do conceito das funções, com uma turma da 8ª série da Escola Severino Cordeiro de Arruda, onde a turma foi dividida em dois grupos, aplicamos um pré-teste, para
analisarmos os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos em álgebra com todos os alunos e realizamos aulas tradicionais com um grupo e com o uso de softwares com outro sobre o conceito de função, onde foram destacadas as variáveis dependentes e as independentes, o domínio de uma função e a definição de uma função. Após as aulas aplicamos um pós-teste para enfim compararmos os resultados e observarmos as diferenças dos rendimentos dos alunos nessas aulas.