bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex conveyor belt for matter-wave coherent splitting and interferometry
Authors: Liu Jixun , Wang Xi , Mellado Muñoz Jorge , Kowalczyk Anna , Barontini Giovanni 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe numerically study a matter wave interferometer realized by splitting a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with phase imprinting. We show that a simple step-like imprinting pattern rapidly decays into a string of vortices that can generate opposite velocities on the two halves of the condensate. We first study in detail the splitting and launching effect of these vortex structures, whose functioning resembles the one of a conveyor belt, and we show that the initial exit velocity along the vortex conveyor belt can be controlled continuously by adjusting the vortex distance. We finally characterize the complete interferometric sequence, demonstrating how the phase of the resulting interference fringe can be used to measure an external acceleration. The proposed scheme has the potential to be developed into compact and high precision accelerometers.
Tackling the re-emergence of wheat stem rust in Western Europe
Authors: Saunders Diane G. O. , Pretorius Zacharias A. , Hovmøller Mogens S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn our recent Communications Biology article, we reported the first occurrence of wheat stem rust in the UK in nearly six decades. An increased incidence of wheat stem rust in Western Europe, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, could signify the return of this formidable foe. As pathologists fight back against this devastating disease we outline the continuing research and strategies being employed to bridle its onslaught.
Electronic properties of a PrPC–Cu(ii) complex as a marker of 5-fold Cu(ii) coordination
Authors: Nowakowski Michał , Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Zhukov Igor , Zhukova Lilia , Kozak Maciej , Kwiatek Wojciech M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Human prion protein is a subject of extensive study, related in particular to the molecular basis of neurodegenerative disease development and prevention. This protein has two main domains: the membrane C-terminal, structured domain as well as the unstructured N-terminal domain. While PrPC (23–231) has up to eight Cu(ii) binding sites in the N-terminal domain, it includes a characteristic, conservative octarepeat region PHGGGWGQ, which was studied by means of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The measurements were conducted at the SuperXAS beamline (SLS, PSI, Villigen). For the initial 1 : 1 protein-to-Cu(ii) ratio, the two main Cu(ii) binding modes were identified using linear combination fitting and ab initio FEFF calculations for X-ray spectra. Their electronic structures indicated that Cu(ii) coordinated by strong π-donors could effectively suppress the pre-edge structure due to the filling of empty Cu(ii) d-states. The suppression was correlated with the charge transfer effect and filling of the virtual electronic Cu(ii) states. What is more, we showed that the 1s → 4p + LMCT (Ligand-to-Metal-Charge-Transfer) multielectron transition relation with the main edge transition could be used as a marker for preliminary comparison of an unknown organic compound to a reference. The presented results permitted a possible explanation of the mechanism of choosing the preferred Cu(ii) modes in PrPC–Cu(ii) coordination processes and of the complex stability from the electronic point of view.
Substrate-assisted mechanism of catalytic hydrolysis of misaminoacylated tRNA required for protein synthesis fidelity
Authors: Ilchenko Mykola M. , Rybak Mariia Yu. , Rayevsky Alex V. , Kovalenko Oksana P. , Dubey Igor Ya. , Tukalo Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
d-aminoacyl-tRNA-deacylase (DTD) prevents the incorporation of d-amino acids into proteins during translation by hydrolyzing the ester bond between mistakenly attached amino acids and tRNAs. Despite extensive study of this proofreading enzyme, the precise catalytic mechanism remains unknown. Here, a combination of biochemical and computational investigations has enabled the discovery of a new substrate-assisted mechanism of d-Tyr-tRNATyr hydrolysis by Thermus thermophilus DTD. Several functional elements of the substrate, misacylated tRNA, participate in the catalysis. During the hydrolytic reaction, the 2′-OH group of the А76 residue of d-Tyr-tRNATyr forms a hydrogen bond with a carbonyl group of the tyrosine residue, stabilizing the transition-state intermediate. Two water molecules participate in this reaction, attacking and assisting ones, resulting in a significant decrease in the activation energy of the rate-limiting step. The amino group of the d-Tyr aminoacyl moiety is unprotonated and serves as a general base, abstracting the proton from the assisting water molecule and forming a more nucleophilic ester-attacking species. Quantum chemical methodology was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrolysis. The DFT-calculated deacylation reaction is in full agreement with the experimental data. The Gibbs activation energies for the first and second steps were 10.52 and 1.05 kcal/mol, respectively, highlighting that the first step of the hydrolysis process is the rate-limiting step. Several amino acid residues of the enzyme participate in the coordination of the substrate and water molecules. Thus, the present work provides new insights into the proofreading details of misacylated tRNAs and can be extended to other systems important for translation fidelity.
C-reactive protein for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Bo , Yang Ping , Xu Xuebi , Shao Lufei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Studies on the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) with all-cause mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP elevation in predicting all-cause mortality amongst patients with acute ischemic stroke. We searched the original observational studies that evaluated the association of CRP elevation with all-cause mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke using PubMed and Embase databases until 20 January 2018. Pooled multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of all-cause mortality was obtained for the highest compared with the lowest CRP level or per unit increment CRP level. A total of 3604 patients with acute ischemic stroke from eight studies were identified. Acute ischemic stroke patients with the highest CRP level were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.60–2.68) compared with the lowest CRP category. The pooled HR of all-cause mortality was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.10–5.21) for per unit increase in log-transformed CRP. Elevated circulating CRP level is associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients. This meta-analysis supports the routine use of CRP for the death risk stratification in such patients.
What Is Meant by “Multimodal Therapy” for Aphasia?
Authors: Pierce John E. , O'Halloran Robyn , Togher Leanne , Rose Miranda L. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Multimodal therapy
is a frequent term in aphasia literature, but it has no agreed upon definition. Phrases such as “multimodal therapy” and “multimodal treatment” are applied to a range of aphasia interventions as if mutually understood, and yet, the interventions reported in the literature differ significantly in methodology, approach, and aims. This inconsistency can be problematic for researchers, policy makers, and clinicians accessing the literature and potentially compromises data synthesis and meta-analysis. A literature review was conducted to examine what types of aphasia treatment are labeled
multimodal
and determine whether any patterns are present.

Method

A systematic search was conducted to identify literature pertaining to aphasia that included the term
multimodal therapy
(and variants). Sources included literature databases, dissertation databases, textbooks, professional association websites, and Google Scholar.

Results

Thirty-three original articles were identified, as well as another 31 sources referring to multimodal research, all of which used a variant of the term
multimodal therapy
. Treatments had heterogeneous aims, underlying theories, and methods. The rationale for using more than 1 modality was not always clear, nor was the reason each therapy was considered to be multimodal when similar treatments had not used the title. Treatments were noted to differ across 2 key features. The 1st was whether the ultimate aim of intervention was to improve total communication, as in augmentative and alternative communication approaches, or to improve 1 specific modality, as when gesture is used to improve word retrieval. The 2nd was the point in the treatment that the nonspeech modalities were employed.

Discussion
Our review demonstrated that references to “multimodal” treatments represent very different therapies with little consistency. We propose a framework to define and categorize multimodal treatments, which is based both on our results and on current terminology in speech-language pathology.

Video Abstract and Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7646717
Speech-Language Pathology and the Youth Offender: Epidemiological Overview and Roadmap for Future Speech-Language Pathology Research and Scope of Practice
Authors: Snow Pamela C. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis article is concerned with the growing body of international evidence indicating that adolescents in contact with the youth justice system are likely to have severely compromised oral language skills, receptively and expressively. A smaller, but persuasive, literature also points to poor literacy skills in this population. Language and literacy skills underpin academic, social, and vocational success (C. Snow, 1983;P. C. Snow, 2016;Snowling & Hulme, 2012) and are central to the professional expertise of speech-language pathology as a profession (P. C. Snow, 2016).MethodIn this article, I review the epidemiology of youth offending together with research evidence concerning the language and literacy skills of this population. I outline the major practice and research implications of these findings for speech-language pathology as a profession, considering the “school-to-prison pipeline” via key domains of early years' reading instruction, young people's passage through the justice system, restorative justice processes, and design and delivery of language and literacy interventions for young people on youth justice orders.ResultsImplications for speech-language pathology scope of practice and future research are outlined.ConclusionsSpeech-language pathology as a profession has a significant role to play in advocating for vulnerable young people at each point in the school-to-prison pipeline. This includes strengthening the evidence base concerning speech-language pathology language and literacy interventions and lobbying governments to fund speech-language pathology services to address the complex communication needs of this population, both on community-based and custodial orders.
Variable emission mechanism of a Type IV radio burst
Authors: Morosan D. E. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Carley E. P. , Monstein C. 
Published: February 2019

Context. The Sun is an active star and the source of the largest explosions in the solar system, such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Flares and CMEs are powerful particle accelerators that can generate radio emission through various emission mechanisms.Aims. CMEs are often accompanied by Type IV radio bursts that are observed as continuum emission in dynamic spectra at decimetric and metric wavelengths, but their emission mechanism can vary from event to event. Here, we aim to determine the emission mechanism of a complex Type IV burst that accompanied the flare and CME on 22 September 2011.Methods. We used radio imaging from the Nançay Radioheliograph, spectroscopic data from the e-Callisto network, ARTEMIS, Ondrejov, and Phoenix3 spectrometers combined with extreme-ultraviolet observations from NASA’s Solar Dynamic Observatory to analyse the Type IV radio burst and determine its emission mechanism.Results. We show that the emission mechanism of the Type IV radio burst changes over time. We identified two components in the Type IV radio burst: an earlier stationary Type IV showing gyro-synchrotron behaviour, and a later moving Type IV burst covering the same frequency band. This second component has a coherent emission mechanism. Fundamental plasma emission and the electron-cyclotron maser emission are further investigated as possible emission mechanisms for the generation of the moving Type IV burst.Conclusions. Type IV bursts are therefore complex radio bursts, where multiple emission mechanisms can contribute to the generation of the wide-band continuum observed in dynamic spectra. Imaging spectroscopy over a wide frequency band is necessary to determine the emission mechanisms of Type IV bursts that are observed in dynamic spectra.
Carbon12C/13C isotope ratio ofαAurigae revised
Authors: Sablowski Daniel P. , Järvinen Silva , Ilyin Ilya , Strassmeier Klaus G. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Capella (αAur) is one of the few binaries in the sky with two cool giant stars. With spectral types of G8III and G0III, the two components appear at different but distinct stages in their evolution. The G0 secondary star is a Hertzsprung-gap giant, and the G8 primary star is thought to be a clump giant.Aims. We present a new measure of the carbon12C/13C isotope ratio of the primary component of Capella using high-resolutionR ≈ 250 000 spectra obtained with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) with both the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) and the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT).Methods. Signal-to-noise ratios of up to 2 700 were obtained by averaging nightly spectra. These average spectra were used to disentangle the two binary components. The isotope ratio was derived with the use of spectrum synthesis from the CN lines at 8004 Å.Results. We found that the12C/13C ratio of the primary component of Capella is 17.8 ± 1.9. Our measurement precision is now primarily limited by the spectral-line data and by the grid-step size of the model atmospheres rather than the data. The separated spectrum of the secondary component does not show distinguishable12CN and13CN lines because of itsvsiniand higher temperature.Conclusions. Our new12C/13C value is significantly lower than the previous value of 27 ± 4 but now agrees better with the recent model prediction of 18.8–20.7.
Magnesium – der mitochondriale Blockbuster im Leistungssport
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Adamietz Irenäus , Gröber Uwe 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungMagnesium hat beim Leistungssportler zentrale Bedeutung für den störungsfreien Ablauf zahlreicher Stoffwechselprozesse. Der Mineralstoff ist u. a. am Energiestoffwechsel jeder Zelle beteiligt, er beeinflusst die Glukoseverwertung, ökonomisiert die muskuläre und kardiale Bioenergetik der Athleten und verringert bei Ausdauerleistungen das Risiko für Muskelkrämpfe. Bei sportlicher Aktivität steigt der Magnesiumbedarf durch den beschleunigten Glukose- und Energiestoffwechsel, erhöhte Stoffwechselaktivität infolge von Wachstums- und Reparaturprozessen als Anpassungsreaktion des Körpers auf die erhöhte Beanspruchung sowie durch Verluste über den Schweiß. In verschiedenen Studien wurde die signifikante Verbesserung physiologischer Leistungsparameter unter Magnesiumsupplementierung beobachtet.
Cardiometabolic Response to a Single High-intensity Interval Exercise Session Versus Breaking up Sedentary Time with Fragmented High-intensity Interval Exercise
Authors: Bailey Daniel , Orton Charlie , Maylor Benjamin , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study compared the effects of interrupting prolonged sedentary time with high-intensity physical activity (SED-ACT), a volume- and duration-matched high-intensity interval exercise session followed by prolonged sedentary time (HIIE), and prolonged uninterrupted sedentary time (SED) on postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Twelve sedentary and inactive but otherwise healthy adults completed 3, 6.5 h conditions in an incomplete counterbalanced order. During SED, participants sat continuously. For HIIE, participants completed 10×60 s cycling bouts at 90% maximum oxygen update (V̇O2max) with 1 min active recovery between bouts. In SED-ACT, 60 s cycling bouts at 90% V̇O2max were completed every 30 min (10 times in total) with 30 s of active recovery immediately before and after. Standardised meals were consumed at 0 h and 3 h and capillary blood samples were collected fasted and every 30 min. Compared with SED, postprandial glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was significantly lower in SED-ACT by 1.91 mmol/L∙6.5 h (p=0.022) and triglyceride iAUC was significantly lower in HIIE by 1.02 mmol/L∙6.5 h (p=0.030). Interrupting sedentary time with high-intensity physical activity can lower postprandial glucose concentrations, whereas a HIIE session can lower postprandial triglyceride concentrations.
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Cochlear Nerve during Neurofibromatosis Type-2 Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery and Description of a “Test Intracochlear Electrode”
Authors: Kasbekar Anand , Tam Yu Chuen , Carlyon Robert , Deeks John , Donnelly Neil , Tysome James , Mannion Richard , Axon Patrick 
Published: February 2019

Objectives A decision on whether to insert a cochlear implant can be made in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) if there is objective evidence of cochlear nerve (CN) function post vestibular schwannoma (VS) excision. We aimed to develop intraoperative CN monitoring to help in this decision.
Design We describe the intraoperative monitoring of a patient with NF2 and our stimulating and recording set up. A novel test electrode is used to stimulate the CN electrically.
Setting This study was set at a tertiary referral center for skull base pathology.
Main outcome measure Preserved auditory brainstem responses leading to cochlear implantation.
Results Electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR) waveforms will be displayed from different stages of the operation. A cochlear implant was inserted at the same sitting based on the EABR.
Conclusion Electrically evoked CN monitoring can provide objective evidence of CN function after VS excision and aid in the decision-making process of hearing rehabilitation in patients who will be rendered deaf.
Systemic Therapy for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Chan David , Singh Simron 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous malignancies which are becoming more common. Systemic treatment is considered for patients with advanced disease, and treatment decisions are often driven by the histological grade of the tumor and the site of primary. Somatostatin analogues are the first-line option of choice for gastroenteropancreatic NENs but subsequent options may include the targeted agents everolimus and sunitinib as well as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Telotristat is a new option for the treatment of refractory carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. Chemotherapy is infrequently used for Grade 1 to 2 NENs (except for the combination of capecitabine and temozolomide) but is the mainstay of therapy for Grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinomas. Bronchial NENs are graded differently and there are few proven options for systemic treatment. Optimal integration of available systemic therapies, the timely recognition of tumor heterogeneity, and the use of nuclear medicine are areas of ongoing research. Finally, the patient experience is impacted by factors such as delayed diagnosis and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Clinicians need to account for patient priorities and disease characteristics to individualize therapy choices for patients with advanced NEN.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Tavares Aleide , Rêgo Barros Romualda Castro 
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 women aged between 18 and 39 years old diagnosed with PCOS, according to the Rotterdam Criteria, and grouped into four phenotypes: A: ovulatory dysfunction + hyperandrogenism + polycystic ovaries; B: ovulatory dysfunction + hyperandrogenism; C: hyperandrogenism + polycystic ovaries; D: ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovaries. To evaluate the presence of MetS, we measured serum triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference.
Results The prevalence of MetS found in this sample was 33.6%, and there was no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among the 4 phenotypes. However, phenotype D presented a significantly higher mean glucose level after fasting (93.6 mg/dL) and 2 hours after ingesting a solution with 75 g of anhydrous glucose (120 mg/dL), as well as the lowest mean level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (44.7 mg/dL). The women in this group demonstrated a high prevalence of abdominal circumference ≥ 80 cm (68.2%), as well as the highest mean abdominal circumference (90.1 cm). Amongst the women with an abdominal circumference ≥ 80 cm, phenotype A increased approximately six-fold the chance of developing metabolic syndrome in relation to phenotype C.
Conclusion The four phenotypes of PCOS demonstrated similar prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome; abdominal obesity presented a relevant role in the development of metabolic alterations, regardless of the phenotype.
Anterior Petrosal Approach for the Resection of a Petrous Apex Meningioma with Tentorial Infiltration
Authors: Mendez-Rosito Diego 
Published: February 2019

Objective The anterior petrosal approach is an extension of the middle fossa approach, characterized by drilling of the posteromedial triangle of the middle fossa. Drilling the Kawase's rhomboid creates a surgical corridor to the posterior fossa after splitting the tentorium. We present a case of a petrous apex meningioma invading the tentorium and causing trigeminal neuralgia.
Results The patient was positioned in a Mayfield with the head rotated. A frontotemporal incision was done. A basal craniotomy was done to allow epidural dissection. The anatomical landmarks were identified. The surgical video is analyzed together with cadaveric dissections to highlight landmarks when doing an anterior petrosectomy. The tentorium was identified and the infiltrated region was coagulated and removed. The tentorium was sharply sectioned until the free edge of the tentorium was opened. The tumor in the petrous apex was identified and removed. The trigeminal nerve was decompressed and a gross total resection was achieved with resolution of the symptoms.
Conclusion The anterior petrosal approach is a useful corridor to remove tumors in the petrous apex that infiltrate the tentorium. A thorough knowledge of the anatomical landmarks is crucial to identify and delineate the limits of the Kawase's rhomboid. After evaluating different surgical corridors, the anterior petrosal approach allows a gross total resection including the removal of the infiltrated tentorium and a resolution of the symptoms.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/p4KPUnM_bww.