bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Long‐, Short‐, and Oblique‐Axis Approaches for Ultrasound‐Guided Vascular Access Cannulation
Authors: Lv Yanji , Liu Haitao , Yu Pulin , Wang Guiyue , Liu Miao , Li Yuhang , Wang Hongliang , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Changsong 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundOur goal was to conduct a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effects of the long‐axis (LAX), short‐axis (SAX), and oblique‐axis (OAX) ultrasound guidance approaches for vascular access cannulation.MethodsWe searched 5 databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Seven randomized clinical trials assessing ultrasound guidance for vascular access cannulation via the LAX, SAX, or OAX approach were included. The primary end point was the first‐pass success rate. Secondary end points included the mean time to success and average number of attempts until success. We used random‐effects models to calculate weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals for continuous outcomes and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous outcomes.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the LAX, SAX, and OAX techniques with respect to the first‐pass success rate, mean time to success, average number of attempts until success, or the incidence of hematoma.ConclusionThere was insufficient evidence to definitively recommend the LAX, SAX, or OAX approach for patients undergoing ultrasound‐guided vascular access cannulation.
Assessment of Parotid and Submandibular Glands With Shear Wave Elastography Following Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Rahatli Feride Kural , Turnaoglu Hale , Iyidir Ozlem Turhan , Kirnap Nazli Gulsoy , Haberal Kemal Murat , Aydın Erdinç , Uslu Nihal 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is used for remnant ablation following thyroidectomy. Side effects such as dysphagia, xerostomia, and sialoadenitis may occur. We aimed to determine the differences in the parotid and submandibulary glands between healthy patients and patients with PTC who had undergone RAI therapy and have dry mouth symptoms using both shear wave elastography and ultrasonography.MethodsWe enrolled 30 patients with PTC who had undergone RAI therapy following surgery and 30 healthy controls. Ultrasonography and shear wave elastography of submandibular and parotid glands were performed. The volume of the submandibular glands and the thickness of parotid glands were determined. Ten independent measurements were obtained from each gland, with the region of interest placed at different points on the glands. The mean shear wave velocities (SWVs) were calculated and compared between the patients and controls.ResultsIn the PTC group, there was a significant reduction in the volume of the submandibular glands (P < .05) and in the thickness of the parotid glands (P < .05) compared with the control group. The mean SWVs of the parotid glands and submandibular glands were significantly higher in the PTC group compared with the control group (P < .0001). The SWVs of the parotid glands were higher than the SWVs of the submandibular glands (P < .0001).ConclusionsShear wave elastography could be a noninvasive and easy assessment method of parotid and submandibular glands in patients who had undergone RAI therapy and experience dry mouth.
First‐Pass Metabolism of Chlorophylls in Mice
Authors: Viera Isabel , Chen Kewei , Ríos José J. , Benito Itziar , Pérez‐Gálvez Antonio , Roca María 
Published: July 2018

ScopeThe dietary intake of chlorophylls is estimated to be ≈50 mg d–1. However, their first pass metabolism and systemic assimilation is not well characterized.Methods and resultsA group of 30 mice are fed a diet rich in chlorophylls, while 10 mice received a standard diet without chlorophylls (control group). Liver extracts are analyzed every 15 days by HPLC–ESI(+)/APCI(+)‐hrTOF– MS/MS to measure the accretion of specific chlorophyll metabolites. The chlorophyll profile found in the livers of mice fed a chlorophyll‐rich diet shows that the formation and/or absorption of pheophorbides, pyro‐derivatives, and phytyl‐chlorin e6 require the occurrence of a precise first‐pass metabolism. In addition, the apical absorption of pheorphorbide a‐rich micelles is significantly inhibited in Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma‐2 cells pre‐incubated with BLT1.ConclusionPheophorbide a absorption is, at least partly, protein‐mediated through SR‐BI. This active absorption process could explain the specific accumulation of pheophorbide a in the livers of animals fed a chlorophyll‐rich diet. A complementary mechanism could be the de‐esterification of pheophytin a in the liver, yielding pheophorbide a and phytol, which can explain the origin of phytol in the liver. Hence, the results suggest two molecular mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of the health‐promoting compounds pheophorbide and phytol.
Multiparametric quantitative MRI assessment of thigh muscles in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2A and 2B
Authors: Arrigoni Filippo , De Luca Alberto , Velardo Daniele , Magri Francesca , Gandossini Sandra , Russo Annamaria , Froeling Martijn , Bertoldo Alessandra , Leemans Alexander , Bresolin Nereo , D'angelo Grazia 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to apply quantitative MRI (qMRI) to assess structural modifications in thigh muscles of subjects with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2A and 2B with long disease duration. Methods: Eleven LGMD2A, 9 LGMD2B patients and 11 healthy controls underwent a multi‐parametric 3T MRI examination of the thigh. The protocol included structural T1‐weighted images, DIXON sequences for fat fraction calculation, T2 values quantification and diffusion MRI. Region of interest analysis was performed on 4 different compartments (anterior compartment, posterior compartment, gracilis, sartorius). Results: Patients showed high levels of fat infiltration as measured by DIXON sequences. Sartorius and anterior compartment were more infiltrated in LGMD2B than LGMD2A patients. T2 values were mildly reduced in both disorders. Correlations between clinical scores and qMRI were found. Conclusions: qMRI measures may help to quantify muscular degeneration, but careful interpretation is needed when fat infiltration is massive. Muscle Nerve 58: 550–558, 2018
Muscle endurance deficits in myositis patients despite normal manual muscle testing scores
Authors: Amici David R. , Pinal‐Fernandez Iago , Pagkatipunan Ruben , Mears Albert , de Lorenzo Rebecca , Tiniakou Eleni , Albayda Jemima , Paik Julie J. , Lloyd Thomas E. , Christopher‐STINE Lisa , Mammen Andrew L. , Chung Tae 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: It is unclear whether quantitating muscle endurance adds nonredundant information useful for the care of patients with muscular disease. Methods: Records were retrospectively reviewed for all Johns Hopkins Myositis Center patients with a muscle endurance assessment (n = 128, 226 patient‐visits). Muscle endurance and strength were quantitated with the Myositis Functional Index‐2 (FI2) and manual muscle testing (MMT), respectively. Results: Composite FI2 muscle endurance scores were comparable in inclusion body myositis (n = 58), dermatomyositis (n = 31), and polymyositis (n = 39). Overall, muscle endurance correlated with and evolved similarly to strength, inversely to serum creatine kinase. However, in patients with normal or near‐normal strength (mean MMT > 9.75/10), muscle endurance was typically abnormal and highly variable (mean FI2, 5.6/10; interquartile range, 3.3‐7.8/10). Discussion: Muscle endurance testing may identify muscle impairment inadequately described by MMT, particularly in patients with high MMT scores. Muscle Nerve 59:70–75, 2019
Direct differentiation method for sensitivity analysis based on transfer matrix method for multibody systems
Authors: Tu Tianxiong , Wang Guoping , Rui Xiaoting , Zhou Qinbo , Miao Yunfei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryOn one hand, the new version of transfer matrix method for multibody systems (NV‐MSTMM), has been proposed by formulating transfer equations of elements in acceleration level instead of position level as in the original discrete time transfer matrix method of multibody systems to study multibody system dynamics. This new formulation avoids local linearization and allows using any integration algorithms. On the other hand, sensitivity analysis is an important way to improve the optimization efficiency of multibody system dynamics. In this paper, a totally novel direct differentiation method based on NV‐MSTMM for sensitivity analysis of multibody systems is developed. Based on direct differentiation method, sensitivity analysis matrix for each kind of element is established. By assembling transfer matrices and sensitivity analysis matrices based on differentiation law of multiplication, the sensitivity analysis equation of overall transfer equation is deduced. The computing procedure of the proposed method is also presented. All these improvements as well as three numerical examples show that the direct differentiation method based on NV‐MSTMM is suitable for optimizing the dynamic sensitivity in multi–rigid‐body systems.
Lynch syndrome – cancer pathways, heterogeneity and immune escape
Authors: Seth Sidhant , Ager Ann , Arends Mark J , Frayling Ian M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent work has provided evidence for genetic and molecular heterogeneity in colorectal cancers (CRCs) arising in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS), dividing these into two groups: G1 and G2. In terms of mutation and gene expression profile, G1 CRCs bear resemblance to sporadic CRCs with microsatellite instability (MSI), whereas G2 CRCs are more similar to microsatellite‐stable CRCs. Here we review the current state of knowledge on pathways of precursor progression to CRC in LS and how these might tie in with the new findings. Immunotherapies are an active field of research for MSI cancers and their potential use for cancer therapy for both sporadic and LS MSI cancers is discussed. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐based block copolymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Phan Trang NT , Issa Sébastien , Gigmes Didier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanostructured block copolymer electrolytes (BCEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are considered as promising candidates for solid‐state electrolytes in high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Because of their self‐assembly properties, they confer on electrolytes both high mechanical strength and sufficient ionic conductivity, which linear PEO cannot provide. Two types of PEO‐based BCEs are commonly known. There are the traditional ones, also called dual‐ion conducting BCEs, which are a mixture of block copolymer chains and lithium salts. In these systems, the cations and anions participate in the conduction, inducing a concentration polarization in the electrolyte, thus leading to poor performances of LMBs. The second family of BCEs are single‐lithium‐ion conducting BCEs (SIC‐BCEs), which consist of anions being covalently grafted to the polymer backbone, therefore involving conduction by lithium ions only. SIC‐BCEs have marked advantages over dual‐ion conducting BCEs due to a high lithium ion transference number, absence of anion concentration gradients as well as low rate of lithium dendrite growth. This review focuses on the recent developments in BCEs for applications in LMBs with particular emphasis on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these materials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on an Aminopropyl‐functionalized Silica‐Magnetite Composite as a Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Lati Monireh Pourghasemi , Naeem Muhammad Iqbal , Alinia‐Asli Mokhtar , Shirini Farhad , Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Åkermark Björn , Johnston Eric V. , Verho Oscar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, we describe the straightforward synthesis and thorough characterization of a magnetically‐separable heterogeneous catalyst comprised of 1–3 nm‐sized Pd nanoparticles immobilized on a mesoporous silica‐magnetite composite (Pd0‐AmP‐SMC). Catalytic evaluations were conducted using Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings as the model reactions, for which this Pd nanocatalyst exhibited high performance in an environmentally‐friendly solvent mixture. Additionally, this Pd nanocatalyst could be re‐used up to five cycles without any observable loss of activity, and separation of the catalyst could be conveniently done by a magnet.
High‐Coulombic‐Efficiency Carbon/Li Clusters Composite Anode without Precycling or Prelithiation
Authors: Tian Ran , Duan Huanan , Guo Yiping , Li Hua , Liu Hezhou 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLithium metal has attracted much research interest as a possible anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries in recent years. However, its practical use is severely limited by uncontrollable deposition, volume expansion, and dendrite formation. Here, a metastable state of Li, Li cluster, that forms between LiC6 and Li dendrites when over‐lithiating carbon cloth (CC) is discovered. The Li clusters with sizes in the micrometer and submicrometer scale own outstanding electrochemical reversibility between Li+ and Li, allowing the CC/Li clusters composite anode to demonstrate a high first‐cycle coulombic efficiency (CE) of 94.5% ± 1.0% and a stable CE of 99.9% for 160 cycles, which is exceptional for a carbon/lithium composite anode. The CC/Li clusters composite anode shows a high capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 contributed by both Li+ intercalation and Li‐cluster formation, and excellent cycling stability with a signature sloping voltage profile. Furthermore, the CC/Li clusters composite anode can be assembled into full cells without precycling or prelithiation. The full cells containing bare CC as the anode and excessive LiCoO2 as the cathode exhibit high specific capacity and good cyclic stability in 200 cycles, stressing the advantage of controlled formation of Li clusters.
Purification and activity research of hypoglycemic components from the extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves
Authors: Han Tian , Wang Wei , Cao Xueli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMulberry leaf is a traditional therapy for diabetes. A simple ion‐exchange resin column chromatography method to separate active hypoglycemic components from the extract of Morus alba L. leaves was investigated in this study. The resins (001 × 7, HD‐2 and HZ202) used in this study were common and economical. Five pure compounds including myo‐inositol (1), 1‐deoxynojirimycin (2), 2‐O‐α‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin (3), fagomine (4), and 1,4‐dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐(2‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)‐d‐arabinitol (5) were obtained. The structures of the obtained components were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The results of an in vitro assay indicated that all of the obtained compounds exhibited significant α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. Among of the five obtained compounds, 1‐deoxynojirimycin showed the strongest inhibitory activity against both sucrase and maltase.
Local hybrid functionals: Theory, implementation, and performance of an emerging new tool in quantum chemistry and beyond
Authors: Maier Toni M. , Arbuznikov Alexei V. , Kaupp Martin 
Published: July 2018

The state of the art in the development, implementation, validation, and application of local hybrid functionals with position‐dependent exact‐exchange admixture is reviewed comprehensively. Starting from the general formulation of a local hybrid functional, possible constructions of local mixing functions to determine the position dependence are scrutinized in terms of their exact properties as well as their desirable features. The gauge problem pertaining to the ambiguity of exchange‐energy densities is discussed. “Smoking guns” for the gauge problem are identified, and the first calibration functions to improve the match of the exact and semi‐local exchange‐energy densities are compared. In view of the appearance of nonstandard exact‐exchange integrals, a crucial aspect is the efficient implementation of local hybrid functionals. This has been achieved recently using a resolution of the identity and/or semi‐numerical techniques, both for ground‐state energies and gradients, and for linear‐response time‐dependent density functional theory. The validation and early applications of local hybrids are reviewed, including thermochemistry, reaction barriers, structures and vibrational frequencies, electric and magnetic properties, as well as electronic excitation spectra.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Titanic’s mirage, part 2: Did a mysterious mirage‐associated haze camouflage the iceberg?
Authors: Zinkova Mila 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Titanic saga has mystified people for more than a century. One of the most debated questions is why the iceberg was spotted too late to avoid the collision. A recent theory declares that the lookouts could not have seen the iceberg earlier because a mirage‐associated haze camouflaged it. Many Titanic researchers do not believe the haze was real. Lord Mersey, British Wreck Commissioner, said, I mean the evidence before and after the accident is that the sky was perfectly clear, and therefore if the evidence of the haze is to be accepted, it must have been some extraordinary natural phenomenon. This article (the second of four articles that look into the Titanic mirage theory) discusses the hazardous nature of icebergs, examines the testimonies of the Titanic’s lookouts and other eyewitnesses in regards to the haze, and offers some arguments regarding a few natural phenomena that could explain the origin of the haze. The article argues that the haze could very well have been real – and not due to some extraordinary phenomenon, nor a mirage, but rather due to a relatively common phenomenon known as ‘sea smoke’.
Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Groundwater Quality of Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration in Precambrian Terrain, Eastern India
Authors: Kant Nishi , Singh Prasoon Kumar , Kumar Bijendra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Systematic and comprehensive analysis with integration of geochemical methods, multivariate statistical analysis, and quality for drinking and irrigation uses were carried out on forty-two groundwater samples to elucidate the regional factors and processes influencing the geochemical composition of groundwater. Groundwater geochemistry revealed that the abundance of Ca2+ and Na+ was contributed by weathering of carbonate and sodium bearing minerals, while higher HCO3− and Cl– resulted from dissolution of carbonic and salt deposits. The rock weathering is the dominant mechanism controlling the major ion chemistry of groundwater as well as anthropogenic activities. The dominant hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater was Ca-Mg-SO4 and Ca-Mg-Cl. About 33% of the groundwater samples have negative values of chloro-alkaline index revealing chloro-alkaline disequilibrium and the reaction as a cation–anion exchange reaction, while in 67% of the samples, the values are positive, indicating a base–exchange reaction. The saturation index reveals the presence of calcareous nodules, containing a mixture of calcite. The suitability for domestic uses as per BIS 2012 and WHO 2009 for drinking water reaveals that high concentrations of EC, TDS, SO42−, Cl– and F– makes it unsuitable for drinking and domestic uses. Quality assessment for irrigation uses suggest that the groundwater is of excellent to good category, which can be used for irrigation without any serious hazards. Higher salinity and magnesium hazard values at some sites restrict the suitability of groundwater for irrigation.
Regenerative Sports Medicine: Past, Present, and Future (Adapted From the PASSOR Legacy Award Presentation; AAPMR; October 2016)
Authors: Borg‐Stein Joanne , Osoria Hector L. , Hayano Todd 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRegenerative medicine has shown dramatic expanse and evolution in the past decade. Within that milieu, physiatrists are taking an active role in research, clinical care delivery, and education. The purpose of this review is to provide a balance among evidence, theory, experience, clinical trends, and the foreseeable future. We focus on the literature that reports the research with the best methodology in each practice area, recognizing that the level of evidence varies substantially among different treatment modalities and conditions. The following elements are included: an overview of the evolution of currently available regenerative techniques, evidence base for each available modality (prolotherapy, platelet rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate and stem cells, adipose‐derived stem cells, and amniotic tissue products), general principles in the application of these treatments, and discussion and a vision of what lies ahead. We expect that practitioners will use this review to facilitate clinical decision making and to provide a core knowledge base to assist when counseling patients.Level of EvidenceIV
Ravens Reconsidered: Raiding And Theft Among Tubu-Speakers In Northern Chad
Authors: Scheele Judith 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:From the outside, northern Chad has long been seen as an area of lawlessness, defined primarily by its inhabitants’ alleged propensity for raiding and thieving. From the inside, northern Chad indeed appears as an area that thrives on a rhetoric of predation. This, however, is perhaps best understood not in terms of “crime,” but rather as a striving for personal autonomy, as a public denial of reciprocity in a context where notions of bounded moral community and indeed of long-term social strategies of exchange are not much in evidence.
Bulk temperature and heat transport in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection of fluids with temperature-dependent properties
Authors: Weiss Stephan , He Xiaozhou , Ahlers Guenter , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Shishkina Olga 
Published: July 2018

We critically analyse the different ways to evaluate the dependence of the Nusselt number ($\mathit{Nu}$) on the Rayleigh number ($\mathit{Ra}$) in measurements of the heat transport in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection under general non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq conditions and show the sensitivity of this dependence to the choice of the reference temperature at which the fluid properties are evaluated. For the case when the fluid properties depend significantly on the temperature and any pressure dependence is insignificant we propose a method to estimate the centre temperature. The theoretical predictions show very good agreement with the Göttingen measurements by He et al. (New J. Phys., vol. 14, 2012, 063030). We further show too the values of the normalized heat transport $\mathit{Nu}/\mathit{Ra}^{1/3}$ are independent of whether they are evaluated in the whole convection cell or in the lower or upper part of the cell if the correct reference temperatures are used.