bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of frequent and infrequent STI testing and STI diagnosis related to test frequency among men who have sex with men in the eastern part of the Netherlands: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Kampman Carolina J G , Heijne Janneke C M , Kistemaker-Koedijk Petronella H M , Koedijk Femke D H , Visser Maartje , Hautvast Jeannine L A 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveMen who have sex with men (MSM) remain vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and are advised to be tested at least twice a year. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of test frequency and their associations with an STI diagnosis.DesignA 6-year retrospective study.Setting5 STI clinics in the eastern part of the Netherlands.ParticipantsMSM whose mean test interval was 6 months or more were grouped as ‘infrequently tested’ (n=953), and those with a mean test interval less than 6 months were grouped as ‘frequently tested’ (n=658).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTest frequency and STI diagnosis and determinants.ResultsMSM who were ever diagnosed with an STI (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7), MSM who had never had STI symptoms (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.0), and MSM who had ever had sex with both men and women (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8) were more often frequently tested. Moreover, in both groups, MSM who had ever been notified by a partner (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9 infrequently tested; OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.9 frequently tested), MSM who had ever had STI symptoms (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1 infrequently tested; OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.6 frequently tested) and MSM who were ever diagnosed with HIV (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6 infrequently tested; OR=6.8, 95% CI 2.6 to 17.5 frequently tested) were more likely to be diagnosed with an STI.ConclusionsAmong MSM visiting STI clinics, those who were ever diagnosed with HIV were more often diagnosed with an STI, but did not visit STI clinics more frequently than HIV-negative MSM. This highlights the necessity of encouraging MSM who are diagnosed with HIV to have STI tests more frequently.
Evaluating the impact of an intervention to increase uptake of modern contraceptives among adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania: the Adolescents 360 quasi-experimental study protocol
Authors: Atchison Christina Joanne , Mulhern Emma , Kapiga Saidi , Nsanya Mussa Kelvin , Crawford Emily E , Mussa Mohammed , Bottomley Christian , Hargreaves James R , Doyle Aoife Margaret 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionNigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania have some of the highest teenage pregnancy rates and lowest rates of modern contraceptive use among adolescents. The transdisciplinary Adolescents 360 (A360) initiative being rolled out across these three countries uses human-centred design to create context-specific multicomponent interventions with the aim of increasing voluntary modern contraceptive use among girls aged 15–19 years.MethodsThe primary objective of the outcome evaluation is to assess the impact of A360 on the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) among sexually active girls aged 15–19 years. A360 targets different subpopulations of adolescent girls in the three countries. In Northern Nigeria and Ethiopia, the study population is married girls aged 15–19 years. In Southern Nigeria, the study population is unmarried girls aged 15–19 years. In Tanzania, both married and unmarried girls aged 15–19 years will be included in the study. In all settings, we will use a prepopulation and postpopulation-based cross-sectional survey design. In Nigeria, the study design will also include a comparison group. A one-stage sampling design will be used in Nigeria and Ethiopia. A two-stage sampling design will be used in Tanzania. Questionnaires will be administered face-to-face by female interviewers aged between 18 and 26 years. Study outcomes will be assessed before the start of A360 implementation in late 2017 and approximately 24 months after implementation in late 2019.Ethics and disseminationFindings of this study will be widely disseminated through workshops, conference presentations, reports, briefings, factsheets and academic publications.
Correlation between angiographic stenosis and physiologic venous sinus outflow obstruction in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: West James L , Greeneway Garret P , Garner Rebecca M , Aschenbrenner Carol A , Singh Jasmeet , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionThe relationship between degree of angiographic venous sinus stenosis and the trans-stenosis pressure gradient magnitude in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess the utility of angiography, venography, and non-invasive imaging (MRV or CTV) for the diagnosis and characterization of clinically significant VSS.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was performed to identify patients with medically refractory IIH who were evaluated by angiography and venous manometry for the presence of VSS with associated clinically significant pressure gradient. Angiographic stenosis was measured by two independent raters using novel methodology.ResultsThirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria for the study. In total, 70% of patients had clinically significant pressure gradients and were selected for stenting. The optimal percentage stenosis for detection of a significant pressure gradient was 34% stenosis on venous phase arteriography (sensitivity 0.81 and specificity 0.91) and 31% stenosis on venography (0.92 and 0.73). For every 10% increase in stenosis, an approximate increase in pressure gradient of 3.5 mmHg is seen. MRV/CTV had a calculated sensitivity of 0.42, and a negative predictive value of 22%.ConclusionThe degree of stenosis predictive of a clinically significant pressure gradient (30–35%) in the venous sinuses is considerably lower than the arterial stenosis at which pathologic hemodynamic alterations occur. While highly predictive of a venous pressure gradient when a stenosis is identified, non-invasive imaging does not appear to be a suitable diagnostic evaluation for the purpose of ruling out clinically significant cerebral VSS.
Exercise for people with Parkinson’s: a practical approach
Authors: Ramaswamy Bhanu , Jones Julie , Carroll Camille 
Published: June 2018

Exercise is key to a healthy and productive life. For people with Parkinson’s, exercise has reported benefits for controlling motor and non-motor symptoms alongside the use of pharmacological intervention. For example, exercise prolongs independent mobility and improves sleep, mood, memory and quality of life, all further enhanced through socialisation and multidisciplinary team support. Recent research suggests that optimally prescribed exercise programmes following diagnosis may alter neurophysiological processes, possibly slowing symptom progression.Given its benefits, professionals should encourage and motivate people with Parkinson’s to exercise regularly from the time of diagnosis and provide guidance on what exercise to do. We provide examples of how the growing body of evidence on exercise for people with Parkinson’s is revolutionising the services they are provided. We also highlight new resources available to help the wider support network (people such as volunteers, partners and friends of people with Parkinson’s) with an interest in exercise promote a consistent message on the benefits of exercise.
Julia sets of complex Hénon maps
Authors: Guerini Lorenzo , Peters Han 
Published: June 2018

There are two natural definitions of the Julia set for complex Hénon maps: the sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Whether these two sets are always equal is one of the main open questions in the field. We prove equality when the map acts hyperbolically on the a priori smaller set [Formula: see text], under the additional hypothesis of substantial dissipativity. This result was claimed, without using the additional assumption, in [J. E. Fornæss, The julia set of hénon maps, Math. Ann. 334(2) (2006) 457–464], but the proof is incomplete. Our proof closely follows ideas from [J. E. Fornæss, The julia set of hénon maps, Math. Ann. 334(2) (2006) 457–464], deviating at two points, where substantial dissipativity is used. We show that [Formula: see text] also holds when hyperbolicity is replaced by one of the two weaker conditions. The first is quasi-hyperbolicity, introduced in [E. Bedford and J. Smillie, Polynomial diffeomorphisms of [Formula: see text]. VIII. Quasi-expansion. Amer. J. Math. 124(2) (2002) 221–271], a natural generalization of the one-dimensional notion of semi-hyperbolicity. The second is the existence of a dominated splitting on [Formula: see text]. Substantially dissipative, Hénon maps admitting a dominated splitting on the possibly larger set [Formula: see text] were recently studied in [M. Lyubich and H. Peters, Structure of partially hyperbolic hénon maps, ArXiv e-prints (2017)].
Force-velocity relationship during isometric and isotonic fatiguing contractions
Authors: Devrome Andrea N. , MacIntosh Brian R. 
Published: June 2018

Fatiguing contractions change the force-velocity relationship, but assessment of this relationship in fatigue has usually been obtained after isometric contractions. We studied fatigue caused by isometric or isotonic contractions, by assessment of the force-velocity relationship while the contractions maintaining fatigue were continued. This approach allowed determination of the force-velocity relationship during a steady condition of fatigue. We used the in situ rat medial gastrocnemius muscle, a physiologically relevant preparation. Intermittent (1/s) stimulation at 170 Hz for 100 ms resulted in decreased isometric force to ~35% of initial or decreased peak velocity of shortening in dynamic contractions to ~45% of initial. Dynamic contractions resulted in a transient initial increase in velocity, followed by a rapid decline until a reasonably steady level was maintained. Data were fit to the classic Hill equation for determination of the force-velocity relationship. Isometric and dynamic contractions resulted in similar decreases in maximal isometric force and peak power. Only Vmax was different between the types of contraction ( P < 0.005) with greater decrease in Vmax during isotonic contractions to 171.7 ± 7.3 mm/s than during isometric contractions to 208.8 mm/s. Curvature indicated by a/Po (constants from fit to Hill equation) changed from 0.45 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.11 during isometric contractions and from 0.51 ± 0.04 to 0.85 ± 0.18 during isotonic contractions. Recovery was incomplete 45 min after stopping the intermittent contractions. At this time, recovery of low-frequency isometric force was substantially less after isometric contractions, implicating force during intermittent contractions as a determining factor with this measure of fatigue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The force-velocity relationship was captured while fatigue was maintained at a constant level during isometric and dynamic contractions. The curvature of the force-velocity relationship was less curved during fatigue than prefatigued, but within 45 min this recovered. Low-frequency fatigue persisted with greater depression of low-frequency force after isometric contractions, possibly because of higher force contractions during intermittent contractions.
Nationwide Study of Sudden Cardiac Death in People With Congenital Heart Defects Aged 0 to 35 Years
Authors: Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Jeppesen Alexander Gade , Winkel Bo Gregers , Glinge Charlotte , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Søndergaard Lars , Risgaard Bjarke , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. Nationwide incidence of SCD in people with CHD (SCD-CHD) has not been established in the young general population. The aims of this study were to investigate incidence of SCD-CHD and whether incidence of SCD-CHD in infants declined after implementation of nationwide fetal ultrasound screening in Denmark.

Methods:
All deaths (n=11 451) among people aged 0 to 35 years in Denmark in 2000 to 2009 (24.4 million person-years) were included. Danish death certificates, autopsy reports, records from hospitals and general practitioners, and data from nationwide Danish registries were used to identify SCD-CHD cases.

Results:

We identified 90 (11%) cases of SCD-CHD from 809 SCD. The incidence rate of SCD-CHD was 0.4 per 100 000 person-years among people aged 0 to 35 years. In total, 53 (59%) were diagnosed with CHD before death. Incidence of SCD was 9.6× higher among patients with CHD compared with people without CHD (
P
<0.01). Annual incidence of physical activity–related SCD-CHD among patients aged 2 to 35 years diagnosed with CHD was 0.9 per 100 000. The annual incidence rate of SCD-CHD in infants declined after implementation of nationwide fetal ultrasound screening (incidence rate ratio, 3.8;
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
The proportion of SCD-CHD in the young was 11%, which is higher than previously reported. Physical activity–related SCD-CHD was a rare event among patients with CHD. We observed an ≈4-fold lower incidence of SCD-CHD among infants born after implementation of nationwide screening.
Le mythe des préadamites en islam chiite
Authors: De Smet Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Résumé
In apparent contradiction with the story of Adam as told in the Bible and the Qurʾān, Shiite tradition accepts the existence of several Adams (usually seven) prior to « our Adam », the father of mankind. Each Adam opened an era during which the earth was inhabited by « pre-Adamites », rational creatures preceding the appearance of the human species. In this paper we study the evolution of this myth of the pre-Adamites, starting from traditions attributed to the first Imams and their use in writings stemming from the Shiite milieu in Kūfa ; then we move to pre-Fatimid and Fatimid Ismailism, Druze and Nuṣayrī literature, before ending with the Ṭayyibī Ismailis. Although there are many differences in details, all these movements share a common myth, which was elaborated with a remarkable continuity from the first centuries of Islam until today. This myth is rooted in the sources of Shīʿism, which seem close to Manichaeism.
Asplenium cyrtosorum (Aspleniaceae), a new fern from Yunnan, China
Authors: XU KE-WANG , JIANG LEI , ZHANG LI-BING , LIAO WEN-BO 
Published: June 2018

A new species, Asplenium cyrtosorum, is described and illustrated from Pu’er, southwestern Yunnan, China. It was observed to grow in humid and shady conditions in the tropical seasonal rainforest. The new species differs from the morphologically most similar species A. trapezoideum by its shape of rhizome, length of rhizome scales, structure of laminae, pinna pairs and rachis structure.
Intravenous 5-Fluorouracil in Patients With Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Buxó Elvira , Sosa Aaron , Reig Oscar , Victoria Ivan , Caballero Miguel , Grau Juan José , Garcia-Morillo Marcial 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: In the EXTREME trial, a combination of cisplatin or carboplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cetuximab was superior to cisplatin/carboplatin plus 5-FU for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With the aim of improving fluoropyrimidine-related tolerance without decreasing its efficacy, the safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus the oral fluoropyrimidine tegafur and cetuximab were investigated. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 104 patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC was conducted. Patients were treated with carboplatin (area under the curve: 5 mg/mL/min) on day 1, oral tegafur (250 mg/m2 twice daily) for 21 consecutive days, and cetuximab (400 mg/m2 as an initial 2-hour intravenous infusion, then 250 mg/m2 as a 1-hour weekly infusion for 3 weeks) for ≤6 cycles. Patients who responded to the therapy then received weekly cetuximab maintenance therapy. Results: Treatment was well tolerated with a high level of compliance (relative dose intensity: 96%, 88%, and 81% for carboplatin, tegafur, and cetuximab, respectively). Grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) were observed in 38% of patients (skin reactions in 17% of patients, anemia 4%, and neutropenia 3%). Grade 1-2 AEs included skin reactions (52% of patients), hypomagnesemia (20%), asthenia (19%), and anemia (13%). No venous thrombosis related to chemotherapy perfusion was observed. Over a median follow-up of 21 months, the median overall and progression-free survival were 11 and 6 months, respectively, and the overall response rate was 35%. Conclusions: Carboplatin plus oral tegafur and cetuximab is a safe, well-tolerated first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.
Democracy disembedded
Authors: Dimitrijevic Nenad 
Published: June 2018

Democracy is in serious difficulties. Three features of the crisis stand out. First is the dominant culture of disillusionment in democracy, which transpires as the mistrust in constitutionalist institutions and values. Second, political authority, both at domestic and international levels, is largely substituted by the rule of non-transparent and unpredictable social powers. Third, democratic states are deprived of much of their capacity to govern, but they retain a non-negligible capacity to coerce. The article is structured as follows. Section I introduces Karl Polanyi’s concept of embeddedness and juxtaposes it to the theoretical defense of market disembeddedness advanced by the classical political economy. It then points to the challenge that the complexity of the contemporary society poses to the idea of embeddedness and identifies the need for further analytical clarification of the idea. Section II tries to explain why the idea of embeddedness is intuitively suspect. One reason is found in the dominant understanding of liberalism as a regime that rests on the separation between private and public realms. The section closes with a reference to internal tensions of this reading of liberalism. Section III provides a diagnosis of the contemporary condition of disembeddedness. The core claim is that the combination of neoliberalism and globalization has created a condition of multiple—normative, social, political and legal—disintegration, which questions the very survival of democracy. Section IV addresses the question of transformation, focusing on the need for the reconceptualization of liberal equality.
Comparison of Head Impact Exposure Between Male and Female High School Ice Hockey Athletes
Authors: Eckner James T. , O’Connor Kathryn L. , Broglio Steven P. , Ashton-Miller James A. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Concussion incidence rates are higher among female than male athletes in sports played by both sexes. Biomechanical factors may play a role in observed sex-based differences in concussion incidence. Purpose: To compare head impact counts and magnitudes during sports participation between male and female high school ice hockey athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over 2 seasons, a total of 21 male and 19 female ice hockey athletes from a single high school were instrumented with impact-sensing adhesive skin patches worn over the mastoid process while participating in games and practices. The impact sensors recorded the number, magnitude (peak linear acceleration [PLA, g] and peak angular acceleration [PAA, rad/s2] of the head; Head Impact Telemetry severity profile [HITsp]), and location of impacts sustained during each instrumented session. Head impact counts, magnitudes, and locations were compared between the sexes. Results: Males experienced more head impacts than females during games (mean ± SD: 7.7 ± 3.0 vs 5.3 ± 2.0, P < .001) as well as practices (4.3 ± 1.6 vs 3.8 ± 1.1, P = .002). Mean impact magnitudes were greater for females for PLA (18.8 g ± 1.7 g vs 17.1 g ± 1.6 g, P < .001) and HITsp (19.7 ± 1.5 vs 17.7 ± 1.4, P < .001), while mean PAA was greater for males (3057.6 ± 2.0 rad/s2 vs 2778.3 ± 2.7 rad/s2, P < .001). Female athletes experienced higher PLA, PAA, and HITsp magnitudes for the top 10%, 5%, and 1% of impacts (all P < .050). Males experienced more impacts to the front (34.3%) and back (31.7%) of the head, while females experienced more impacts to the side (43.1%) and top (4.1%) (χ2 = 295.70, df = 3, P < .001). Conclusion: While male high school ice hockey athletes experienced more head impacts than females, impact magnitudes tended to be higher for females.
PTTA HIFU in the Treatment of Localized Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Tasso M. , Volpe A. , Ferrando U. 
Published: June 2018

Transrectal prostatic tumor thermal ablation with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an alternative treatment of prostate cancer in non surgical patients. Material and Methods From November 2001 and October 2003, 116 patients (89 with localized prostatic cancer and 27 re-treatments after surgery, radiotherapy or HIFU) were treated with transrectal HIFU at 3 MHz and 5 sec lesions (Ablatherm,) in our department. All patients were deemed unfit for or refused surgery. In 6 patients < 70 years old with a single positive prostatic biopsy, we used a nerve sparing strategy trying to save the neurovascular bundle of the non affected lobe. The procedure was always performed in spinal anaesthesia and combined with a TURP. Urethral catheter was always removed within 24 hours. A suprapubic tube was left for a longer period. The treatment was planned under ultrasound guidance and computer driven. Results 49 patients reached a follow-up of 12 months. Median P.S.A. nadir was 0.1 ng/mL. At 12 months of follow-up prostatic biopsy were negative in 100% (5/5) low risk patients (LRP), 82.6% (19/23) intermediate risk patients (IRP) and 71.4% (15/21) high risk patients (HRP). 5 HRP with positive biopsy at 6 months were treated again with HIFU. 6 patients treated after anastomotic recurrency post RRP reached a follow up of 6 months: all biopses at 6 months were negative and mean PSA was 0,46 ng/mL. 8 patients with recurrency after external bean radiotherapy got local control of disease in 75% of cases with PSA ≤ 0,5ng/mL in 37.5% of cases. Conclusions HIFU is a feasible alternative treatment of localized prostate cancer in non surgical cases. It is well tolerated by the patients with a short hospital stay and acceptable side effects and does not contraindicate any other local treatment in case of failure.
Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy in the Treatment of Localized Prostatic Carcinoma: The Piedmont Experience
Authors: Casetta G. , Vaccino D. , DE Libero A. , Bernardi D. , Tessa M. , Beltramo G. , Ricardi U. , Tizzani A. 
Published: June 2018

The modern interstitial brachytherapy plays a first-rate role in the treatment of the organ-confined prostatic carcinoma as a substantial alternative to radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy in selected patients. Materials and Methods In our Centre 50 patients with a localized prostatic carcinoma were treated with transperineal and transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent implantation of I-125 radioactive seeds. 35 patients also underwent a neoadjuvant hormonal-therapy. Main end points were the biochemical control of the neoplasia and the treatment complications during a 24 months follow-up. Results We had two biochemical neoplasia recurrences, both in the neoadjuvant group. The most frequently observed complications were: slight irritative symptoms (12%), severe irritative symptoms (30%), urinary retention (10%), hematuria (8%), loss of seeds (6%), erectile dysfunction (46%). Urinary incontinence, urethral stricture and proctitis were not observed. Conclusions So far no large clinical trial compared the clinical efficacy of interstitial brachytherapy versus the other “conventional” treatments options (radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy). The results of our study and the actual evidences, based on cohort observation studies and case-control ones comparing brachytherapy versus surgery or external irradiation, support the therapeutical value of permanent interstitial implant with regard to oncological results and complications.