bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variably methylated regions in the newborn epigenome: environmental, genetic and combined influences
Authors: Czamara Darina , Eraslan Gökçen , Lahti Jari , Page Christian M. , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Hämäläinen Esa , Kajantie Eero , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia M , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Nystad Wenche , Håberg Siri E , London Stephanie J , O’Donnell Kieran J , Garg Elika , Meaney Michael J , Entringer Sonja , Wadhwa Pathik D , Buss Claudia , Jones Meaghan J , Lin David TS , MacIsaac Julie L , Kobor Michael S , Koen Nastassja , Zar Heather J , Koenen Karestan C , Dalvie Shareefa , Stein Dan J , Kondofersky Ivan , Müller Nikola S , Theis Fabian J ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Räikkönen Katri , Binder* Elisabeth B 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic processes, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are among the mechanisms allowing integration of genetic and environmental factors to shape cellular function. While many studies have investigated either environmental or genetic contributions to DNAm, few have assessed their integrated effects. We examined the relative contributions of prenatal environmental factors and genotype on DNA methylation in neonatal blood at variably methylated regions (VMRs), defined as consecutive CpGs showing the highest variability of DNAm in 4 independent cohorts (PREDO, DCHS, UCI, MoBa, N=2,934).ResultsWe used Akaike’s information criterion to test which factors best explained variability of methylation in the cohort-specific VMRs: several prenatal environmental factors (E) including maternal demographic, psychosocial and metabolism related phenotypes, genotypes in cis (G), or their additive (G+E) or interaction (GxE) effects. G+E and GxE models consistently best explained variability in DNAm of VMRs across the cohorts, with G explaining the remaining sites best. VMRs best explained by G, GxE or G+E, as well as their associated functional genetic variants (predicted using deep learning algorithms), were located in distinct genomic regions, with different enrichments for transcription and enhancer marks. Genetic variants of not only G and G+E models, but also of variants in GxE models were significantly enriched in genome wide association studies (GWAS) for complex disorders.ConclusionGenetic and environmental factors in combination best explain DNAm at VMRs. The CpGs best explained by G, G+E or GxE are functionally distinct. The enrichment of GxE variants in GWAS for complex disorders supports their importance for disease risk.
Decoding locomotion from population neural activity in moving C. elegans
Authors: Hallinen Kelsey M. , Dempsey Ross , Scholz Monika , Yu Xinwei , Linder Ashley , Randi Francesco , Sharma Anuj , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Leifer Andrew M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe activity of an animal’s brain contains information about that animal’s actions and movements. We investigated the neural representation of locomotion in the nematode C. elegans by recording population calcium activity during unrestrained movement. We report that a neural population more accurately decodes locomotion than any single neuron. Relevant signals are distributed across neurons with diverse tunings to locomotion. Two distinct subpopulations are informative for decoding velocity and body curvature, and different neurons’ activities contribute features relevant for different instances of behavioral motifs. We labeled neurons AVAL and AVAR and found their activity was highly correlated with one another. They exhibited expected transients during backward locomotion, although they were not always the most informative neurons for decoding velocity. Finally, we compared population neural activity during movement and immobilization. Immobilization alters the correlation structure of neural activity and its dynamics. Some neurons previously correlated with AVA become anti-correlated and vice versa.The activity of an animal’s brain contains information about that animal’s actions and movements. We investigated the neural representation of locomotion in the nematode C. elegans by recording brain-wide neural dynamics in freely moving animals. We report that a population of neurons more accurately decodes the animal’s locomotion than any single neuron. Neural signals are distributed across neurons in the population with a diversity of tuning to locomotion. Two distinct subpopulations are most informative for decoding velocity and body curvature, and different neurons’ activities contribute features relevant for different instances of behavioral motifs within these subpopulations. We additionally labeled the AVA neurons within our population recordings. AVAL and AVAR exhibit activity that is highly correlated with one another, and they exhibit the expected responses to locomotion, although we find that AVA is not always the most informative neuron for decoding velocity. Finally, we compared brain-wide neural activity during movement and immobilization and observe that immobilization alters the correlation structure of neural activity and its dynamics. Some neurons that were previously correlated with AVA become anti-correlated and vice versa during immobilization. We conclude that neural population codes are important for understanding neural dynamics of behavior in moving animals.
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations
Authors: Lam Max , Chen Chia-Yen , Li Zhiqiang , Martin Alicia R. , Bryois Julien , Ma Xixian , Gaspar Helena , Ikeda Masashi , Benyamin Beben , Brown Brielin C. , Liu Ruize , Zhou Wei , Guan Lili , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kim Sung-Wan , Kubo Michiaki , Kusumawardhani Agung , Liu Chih-Min , Ma Hong , Periyasamy Sathish , Takahashi Atsushi , Wang Qiang , Xu Zhida , Yu Hao , Zhu Feng ,   Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Schizophrenia Working Group,   Indonesia Schizophrenia Consortium,   Genetic REsearch on schizophreniA neTwork-China and Netherland (GREAT-CN), Chen Wei J. , Faraone Stephen , Glatt Stephen J. , He Lin , Hyman Steven E. , Hwu Hai-Gwo , Li Tao , McCarroll Steven , Neale Benjamin M. , Sklar Pamela , Wildenauer Dieter , Yu Xin , Zhang Dai , Mowry Bryan , Lee Jimmy , Holmans Peter , Xu Shuhua , Sullivan Patrick F. , Ripke Stephan , O’Donovan Michael , Daly Mark J. , Qin Shengying , Sham Pak , Iwata Nakao , Hong Kyung S. , Schwab Sibylle G. , Yue Weihua , Tsuang Ming , Liu Jianjun , Ma Xiancang , Kahn René S. , Shi Yongyong , Huang Hailiang 
Published: October 2018

Author summarySchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1% world-wide. Most large schizophrenia genetic studies have studied people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here we present a study of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 19 genetic loci. Over the genome, the common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects in those of East Asian and European ancestry (rg=0.98), indicating for the first time that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across these world populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries revealed 208 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping more precisely isolated schizophrenia causal alleles in 70% of these loci. Despite consistent genetic effects across populations, polygenic risk models trained in one population have reduced performance in the other, highlighting the importance of including all major ancestral groups with sufficient sample size to ensure the findings have maximum relevance for all populations.
An empirical evaluation of multivariate lesion behaviour mapping using support vector regression
Authors: Sperber Christoph , Wiesen Daniel , Karnath Hans-Otto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultivariate lesion behaviour mapping based on machine learning algorithms has recently been suggested to complement the methods of anatomo-behavioural approaches in cognitive neuroscience. Several studies applied and validated support vector regression-based lesion symptom mapping (SVR-LSM) to map anatomo-behavioural relations. However, this promising method, as well as the multivariate approach per se, still bears many open questions. By using large lesion samples in three simulation experiments, the present study empirically tested the validity of several methodological aspects. We found that i) correction for multiple comparisons is required in the current implementation of SVR-LSM, ii) that sample sizes of at least 100 to 120 subjects are required to optimally model voxel-wise lesion location in SVR-LSM, and iii) that SVR-LSM is susceptible to misplacement of statistical topographies along the brain’s vasculature to a similar extent as mass-univariate analyses.
MurineMPDZ-Linked Hydrocephalus is Caused by Hyperpermeability of the Choroid Plexus
Authors: Yang Junning , Simonneau Claire , Kilker Robert , Oakley Laura , Byrne Matthew , Nichtova Zuzana , Stefanescu Ioana , Pardeep-Kumar Fnu , Tripathi Sushil , Londin Eric , Saugier-Veber Pascale , Willard Belinda , Thakur Mathew , Pickup Stephen , Smeyne Richard , Horowitz Arie 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThough congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which isMPDZ. Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast-medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying aMpdzloss-of-function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53-fold increase in protein concentration, suggesting that transcytosis through the choroid plexus epithelial cells ofMpdzKO mice is substantially higher than in normal mice. These conclusions are supported by ultrastructural evidence, and by immunohistochemistry and cytology data. Our results provide a straight-forward and concise explanation for the pathophysiology ofMpdz-linked hydrocephalus.
Functional Morphology of Endurance Swimming Performance and Gait Transition Strategies in Balistoid Fishes
Authors: George Andrew B. , Westneat Mark W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTriggerfishes and filefishes (Balistoidea) use balistiform locomotion to power slow steady swimming with their dorsal and anal fins and transition to a gait dominated by body and caudal fin (BCF) kinematics at high speeds. Fin and body shapes are predicted to be strong determinants of swimming performance and the biomechanics of gait transitions. The goal of this study was to combine morphometrics and critical swimming tests to explore relationships between balistoid fin and body shapes and swimming performance in a phylogenetic context in order to understand the evolution and diversification of the balistiform swimming mode. Among the 13 species of balistoid fishes examined, fishes with high aspect ratio fins tended to achieve higher critical swimming speeds than fishes with low aspect ratio fins. Species with long, large median fins and wide caudal peduncles tended to use the balistiform gait alone for a larger percentage of their total critical swimming speed than fishes with short, small median fins and narrow caudal peduncles. Fishes on both ends of the aspect ratio spectrum achieved higher swimming speeds using the balistiform gait alone than fishes with median fins of intermediate aspect ratios. Each species is specialized for taking advantage of one gait, with balistiform specialists possessing long, large median fins capable of the large power requirements of swimming at high speeds using the median fins alone, while BCF specialists possess short, small median fins, ill-suited for powering high-speed balistiform locomotion, but narrow caudal peduncles capable of efficient caudal fin oscillations to power high-speed locomotion.Summary Statement:Geometric morphometrics reveal that fin and body shapes are good predictors of endurance swimming performance and gait transition strategies of triggerfishes and filefishes.
Passive control of cavity acoustics via the use of surface waviness at subsonic flow
Authors: Abderrahmane Belkallouche , Rezoug Tahar , Dala Laurent 
Published: October 2018

PurposeAircraft noise is dominant for residents near airports when planes fly at low altitudes such as during departure and landing. Flaps, wings, landing gear contribute significantly to the total sound emission. This paper aims to present a passive flow control (in the sense that there is no power input) to reduce the noise radiation induced by the flow over the cavity of the landing gear during take-off and landing.Design/methodology/approachThe understanding of the noise source mechanism is normally caused by the unsteady interactions between the cavity surface and the turbulent flows as well as some studies that have shown tonal noise because of cavity resonances; this tonal noise is dependent on cavity geometry and incoming flow that lead us to use of a sinusoidal surface modification application upstream of a cavity as a passive acoustics control device in approach conditions.FindingsIt is demonstrated that the proposed surface waviness showed a potential reduction in cavity resonance and in the overall sound pressure level at the majority of the points investigated in the low Mach number. Furthermore, optimum sinusoidal amplitude and frequency were determined by the means of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis for a cavity with a length to depth ratio of four.Research limitations/implicationsThe noise control by surface waviness has not implemented in real flight test yet, as all the tests are conducted in the credible numerical simulation.Practical implicationsThe application of passive control method on the cavity requires a global aerodynamic study of the air frame is a matter of ongoing debate between aerodynamicists and acousticians. The latter is aimed at the reduction of the noise, whereas the former fears a corruption of flow conditions. To balance aerodynamic performance and acoustics, the use of the surface waviness in cavity leading edge is the most optimal solution.Social implicationsThe proposed leading-edge modification it has important theoretical basis and reference value for engineering application it can meet the demands of engineering practice. Particularly, to contribute to the reduce the aircraft noise adopted by the “European Visions 2020”.Originality/valueThe investigate cavity noise with and without surface waviness generation and propagation by using a hybrid approach, the computation of flow based on the large-eddy simulation method, is decoupled from the computation of sound, which can be performed during a post-processing based on Curle’s acoustic analogy as implemented in OpenFOAM.
Luxury craftsmanship – the emergent luxury beer market
Authors: Williams Alistair , Atwal Glyn , Bryson Douglas 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the design of experiential marketing strategies within the luxury beer category.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is exploratory in order to provide a broad, grounded starting point within the context of a changing luxury landscape.

Findings
Consumer responses to the craft beer consumption experience can be applied to the four dimensions of experiential value as defined by Mathwick et al. (2001): consumer return on investment; perceived excellence value; perceived playfulness; and perceived aesthetic value.

Practical implications
This analysis suggests that the degree to which a luxury beer brand is able to deliver experiential value will largely determine its market success.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to study experiential marketing within the context of the luxury beer category.
Family business, transgenerational succession and diversification strategy
Authors: Shen Na 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enhance the existing socioemotional wealth (SEW) theory. Particularly, the current research proposes a dynamic SEW model using insights from prospect theory. The application of the proposed dynamic SEW model leads to several propositions that will reveal the relationship amongst family business, transgenerational succession, business risks and diversification strategy.Design/methodology/approachThis study is mainly a theoretical research. A dynamic SEW model is proposed in which the SEW is not static and can be increasing or decreasing. SEW is framed as a gain or loss under different scenarios, and the shift in reference point will change the framing or value of SEW.FindingsThe current research presents several interesting propositions based on the dynamic SEW model. Generally, family firms are less likely to diversify than non-family firms. However, when family firms face business risks, they are more likely to diversify than those that do not face business risks. Family firms with second generation involvement in management are more likely to diversify than those without second generation involvement. The dynamic SEW model can also be applied to analyse R&D and IPO underpricing for family firms.Originality/valueThis study builds a dynamic SEW model, which is totally new to the literature. The conceptual framework that reveals the relationships amongst family business, transgenerational succession, business risks and diversification strategy also contributes to the literature and has empirical implications to researchers, policy makers and family business owners.
An investigation into the core appeals for nation branding to attract and retain talent to enhance a country’s competitiveness
Authors: Silvanto Sari , Ryan Jason 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis study aims to empirically examine the most common appeals recommended for use in nation branding campaigns to attract and retain skilled professionals from abroad to enhance a country’s economic competitiveness. To assess this, the authors examine how the image and reputation of a country as a destination and location for talent compare to its actual performance in terms of attracting and retaining skilled professionals. This comparison provides useful insights into the aspects of a country’s reputation that matter most for attracting the talent it needs to enhance its competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multivariate analysis to examine a sample of 122 countries using secondary data from the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the UNDP and other non-governmental sources, such as the Martin Prosperity Institute at the University of Toronto. It then tests the results using a sample of 35 OECD countries to assess whether they apply to all types of countries equally.FindingsThe study finds that the two most important factors for ensuring that a country is maximizing its potential to attract skilled professionals are the availability of employment and the degree of ethnic and cultural diversity within the host country. The most important factor for ensuring that a country is maximizing its potential to retain talent, the study finds, is the availability of employment. This does not mean that other factors do not matter, but employment and diversity are crucial for attracting talent from abroad.Research limitations/implicationsThe study also tests the overall results of the study by using a smaller sample of 35 OECD countries. It finds that the availability of employment and high levels of GDP per capita (i.e. wealth) is important for attracting and retaining skilled professionals in more industrially developed countries.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few empirical studies to examine nation branding to attract and retain talent from abroad to enhance national competitiveness. Its findings suggest that a multifaceted and holistic framework-based approach to nation branding to attract talent, such as that recommended by Silvanto and Ryan (2014), is less likely to work in the short term than an approach which primarily emphasizes employment and diversity.
Spiritual abuse in Christian faith settings: definition, policy and practice guidance
Authors: Oakley Lisa , Kinmond Kathryn , Humphreys Justin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
A previous publication in this journal reported the findings of a 2013 survey into people’s experiences of membership of a Christian church in the UK (author citation removed for the purposes of review). A major finding of this survey was that many people said they had been “harmed” by their experience with some labelling it as “Spiritual Abuse” (SA). Respondents in the 2013 study also stressed the importance of developing safeguarding policy and practice in this area. The purpose of this paper is to explore the findings of a more extensive survey conducted in 2017 which aims to identify people’s understanding of SA some four years after the initial work and within a context of some discussion and uncertainty around the term itself. The study also aims to assess the current status of safeguarding policy and practice in SA perpetrated against individuals in the Christian church in the UK. A secondary aim of the study is to ascertain how far understandings, policy and practice have developed since the initial survey was conducted. It is emphasised that the authors do not assert that SA is perpetrated solely in the Christian church. However, as this is their personal religious background it is the focus of this work.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods online survey of Christians, Church attendees and members of Christian organisations was conducted in 2017. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inductive thematic and content analysis.

Findings
A clear definition of SA is required. There is an ongoing need to develop policy and practice in the area of SA in order to respond effectively to those who have these harmful experiences.

Research limitations/implications
This work has been conducted within the Christian faith community and thus, represents only this faith context. Accordingly, it is research with a specific group. The work would usefully be expanded to other faith contexts.

Practical implications
People are still being harmed by experiences in the Christian church. Safeguarding policy and practice in the area of spiritual abuse needs to be developed in the immediate future.

Social implications
Those working in statutory agencies, faith and community contexts need to develop an understanding of SA.

Originality/value
This is the largest survey conducted on the topic of SA in the Christian faith to date in the UK.