bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility: Effects on pride, embeddedness, and turnover
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Yam Kai Chi , Aguinis Herman 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe examined socioemotional microfoundations of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and posited that employees’ perceived CSR triggers a perception‐emotion‐attitude‐behavior sequence. Drawing from appraisal theory of emotion, we hypothesized that perceived CSR relates to emotions (i.e., organizational pride), which relate to job attitudes (i.e., organizational embeddedness) that in turn relate to job behaviors (i.e., decreased turnover). To test this model, we conducted a multistudy investigation involving different samples, designs, and data‐analytic methods. In Study 1, we conducted an experiment and found that participants who envisioned working in a firm that was active regarding CSR activities reported greater pride and organizational embeddedness. We then conducted two field studies using a nonmanagerial sample (Study 2) and a managerial sample (Study 3) and found that participants’ perceived CSR was positively related to their pride, which in turn was related to stronger organizational embeddedness. Stronger organizational embeddedness was related to lower turnover 6 months later in Study 2 but not in Study 3. In Study 4, we conducted a longitudinal four‐wave 14‐month study to test the proposed relationships from a within‐person conceptualization, and the results were also supportive. Thus, the proposed perception‐emotion‐attitude‐behavior framework received broad support and illustrated that stronger microfoundations of CSR research could be constructed through understanding employees’ emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral reactions to their perceptions of their employers’ CSR.
Antinuclear antibodies and interleukin responses in patients with Schistosoma japonicum infection
Authors: Wang Xiang , Fu Qiong , Song Rui , Duan Bowen , Bergquist Robert , Xu Jing , Li Shizhu , Zhou Dongming , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2018

SummarySchistosomiasis poses a serious threat to public health, and the infection will develop into chronic and advanced late‐stage disease if not treated. Apart from the clinical signs due to immune reactions to schistosome eggs trapped in host tissues, it also increases the risk for the development of autoimmunity reflected by dysfunctional, auto‐reactive antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) have been reported in schistosomiasis due to S. mansoni and S. haematobium. We demonstrate ANA in schistosomiasis japonica and explore the relationship between this infection and autoimmune disease by measuring ANA and interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐12 and IL‐17 responses in the sera of 125 Chinese patients with different stages of schistosomiasis japonica. The incidence rates of ANA in the patients with acute, chronic and late stages of schistosomiasis infection were 6.7%, 23.3% and 70.0%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between each stage (P = 0.000). IL‐17 concentrations were high at the acute stage of schistosomiasis compared to the other stages of the disease (P = 0.000). This pattern was also seen for IL‐10 and IL‐12 concentrations (P = 0.01). IL concentrations in patients in the chronic and late stages of the disease were low and showed no difference compared to the healthy adults.
Optimising seed processing techniques to improve germination and sowability of native grasses for ecological restoration
Authors: Pedrini S. , Lewandrowski W. , Stevens J. C. , Dixon K. W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Grasslands across the globe are undergoing expansive degradation due to human impacts and climate change. If restoration of degraded native grassland is to be achieved at the scale now required, cost‐effective means for seed‐based establishment of grass species is crucial. However, grass seeds present numerous challenges associated with handling and germination performance that must be overcome to improve the efficiency of seeding. Previous research has demonstrated that complete removal of the palea and lemma (husk) maximises germination performance, hence we investigated the effects of complete husk removal on seed handling and germination of four temperate Australian grass species.

Three techniques were tested to remove the husk – manual cleaning, flaming or acid digestion (the latter two followed by a manual cleaning step); these techniques were refined and adapted to the selected species, and germination responses were compared.

The complete removal of the husk improved seed handling and sowability for all species. Germination was improved in Microlaena stipoides by 19% and in Rytidosperma geniculatum by 11%. Of the husk removal methods tested, flaming was detrimental to seed germination and fatal for one species (R. geniculatum). Compared to manual cleaning, sulphuric acid improved the overall efficacy of the cleaning procedure and increased germination speed (T50) in Austrostipa scabra, Chloris truncata and M. stipoides, and improved final germination in R. geniculatum by 13%.

The seed processing methods developed and tested in the present study can be applied to grass species that present similar handling and germination performance impediments. These and other technological developments (seed coating and precision sowing) will facilitate more efficient grassland restoration at large scale.
Fire‐induced damage to Qualea multiflora Mart. seeds depends on fruit protection and the position in the tree crown
Authors: Sato M. N. , Musso C. , Miranda H. S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Although the Cerrado vegetation is adapted to fire, anthropogenic fires may impair the reproduction of some species. This study aimed to test the role of fruits of Qualea multiflora and their position in the tree crown in protecting the seeds during fires.

Ten trees were selected in an area protected from fire (NB) and ten in a biannually burned area (B). Fruits were counted before the 2008 fire and weekly thereafter for 5 weeks. Fruit dehiscence, damage and position in the tree crown were recorded. Seed germination was assessed for seeds from both areas.

In NB, 5.7% of fruits were located higher than 2 m, while in B 49.5% were located at this height. One week after the fire, the proportion of dehiscent fruits was lower in NB (19.5%) than in B (34.5%). Five weeks after the fire, all fruits in NB had dispersed their seeds, whereas in B only 47% of the fruits had. Immediately before the fire, the germination rate of seeds collected in NB was 80% (0–1 m), 97% (1–2 m) and 92% (≥2 m). Fifteen days after the fire, the germination rate of seeds in the B area was 3% (0–1 m), 13% (1–2 m) and 78% (≥2 m).

Protection of Q. multiflora seeds from high temperatures is related to the fruit position in the tree crown rather than to fruit protection. Therefore, the results suggest that fire may alter the recruitment of new individuals.
Public Administration Challenges in the World of AI and Bots
Authors: Agarwal P. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTechnology‐driven disruption is taking place at a pace and scale not witnessed before in history. Waves of technology, such as the internet of things, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are reshaping our personal and professional lives in profound ways. A new world is emerging in which many of the current job classes will disappear, while new ones, requiring entirely different sets of skills, are emerging. Public administrators are unprepared for the challenges they must face in order to cope with this nonincremental and exponential change. Many of the existing government structures and processes that have evolved over the last few centuries will likely become irrelevant in the near future. There is a compelling need to lay the groundwork for governments to rethink how they will be able to best serve their constituents.
Attention and self in Buddhist philosophy of mind
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBuddhist philosophy of mind is fascinating because it denies that there is a self in one of the ways that has traditionally seemed best able to make sense of that idea: the idea that the self is the agent of actions including the thinking of thoughts. In the Buddhist philosophy of mind of the fifth century thinker Buddhaghosa what does the explanatory work is instead attention. Attention replaces self in the explanation of cognition’s grounding in perception and action; it does this because it performs two functions at once, a function of placing and a function of focussing. A comparison between the thought of Buddhaghosa and Brian O’Shaughnessy helps to clarify what is at stake in the residual employment of the concept self as a derived rather than a primitive notion.
The relationship between seminal plasma and serum trace elements and semen parameters of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Waheed Magdi M. , Meligy Ahmad M. A. , Dhalam Suror A. 
Published: August 2018

ContentsA total of 14 camels of known fertility (controls) at the Camel Research Centre, King Faisal University and 41 infertile dromedaries brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were used in this study during the breeding season. Seminal plasma and serum were obtained from all males, and stored at −80°C until analysis. Concentrations of six trace elements (manganese [Mn], zinc [Zn], iron [Fe], selenium [Se], copper [Cu] and chromium [Cr]) were estimated in the seminal plasma and serum using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) differences in semen pH and sperm motility, concentration and abnormalities between the control and infertile dromedaries. In seminal plasma, a significant (p < 0.01) difference in Fe concentrations (7.792 ± 1.567 vs. 61.259 ± 11.967 mg/L) and significant (p < 0.05) differences in Zn (24.763 ± 8.206 vs. 83.981 ± 4.972 mg/L) and Cu (1.653 ± 0.348 vs. 7.905 ± 1.134 mg/L) concentrations existed between the control and infertile dromedaries, respectively. In serum, there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in Fe (6.237 ± 0.695 vs. 151.121 ± 27.604 mg/L) and Cu (24.703 ± 4.195 vs. 6.375 ± 0.644 mg/L) concentrations and a significant (p < 0.01) difference in Zn concentrations (17.086 ± 1.606 vs. 90.422 ± 4.347 mg/L) between the fertile and infertile camels, respectively. There were significant (p < 0.05) positive (r = 0.51) and negative (r = −0.54) correlations between Zn concentrations in seminal plasma and both sperm motility and sperm abnormalities, respectively. In conclusion, seminal plasma and serum trace elements of Fe, Zn and Cu influenced the semen parameters and fertility of dromedary camels. Low concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cu in the seminal plasma were associated with normal fertility in dromedaries.
Genomewide association of male reproductive traits in Aksaray Malakli dogs
Authors: İnanç Muhammed Enes , Tekin Koray , Akkurt Mustafa Yenal , Olgac Kemal Tuna , Yılmaz Burak , Çil Beste , Kızılaslan Mehmet , Taşdemir Umut , Tuncer Pürhan Barbaros , Büyükleblebici Serhat , Uysal Ongun , Çınar Kul Bengi 
Published: August 2018

ContentsMale reproductive parameters are often used for the functional examination and evaluation of predicted genetic values for future aspects. However, these traits are relatively reliable until the measurable effects are expressed on desired traits. Therefore, we aimed to associate the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype of the investigated characteristics and reproductive loci. A total of 46 male dogs are divided into three age groups (I ≤ 3 years, n = 19; II 4–6 years; n = 19, and III ≥7 years, n = 8). The testis, scrotum and body weight, libido sexualis and ejaculation time for each fraction were monitored as functional traits, while the pH, fractional semen volume, motility, concentration, and abnormal and dead spermatozoa rate were recorded as spermatological traits. The Affymetrix Canine 127 K SNP genotyping array v2 (Affymetrix Inc., California, USA) was used for SNP genotyping. In the primary results, the scrotal circumference was found to be higher in group II compared to other groups (p < 0.05) and the lowest total abnormal spermatozoa rate was found in group I (p < 0.05). The normal spermatozoa rate was found to be significantly above the threshold in relation to the SNP in chromosome 17. In conclusion, this study represents an exciting first step towards SNP association with dog semen spermatological parameters. Future studies might be undertaken to evaluate this SNP region for gene‐knockout and expression analysis and for fine mapping to validate and/or discover the exact position of the effect region.
Virtual bronchoscopic navigation as an aid to CT‐guided transbronchial biopsy improves the diagnostic yield for small peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Kato Akane , Yasuo Masanori , Tokoro Yayoi , Kobayashi Takashi , Ichiyama Takashi , Tateishi Kazunari , Ushiki Atsuhito , Urushihata Kazuhisa , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveVirtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) entails the provision of a virtual display of the bronchial routes that lead to small peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). It has been predicted that a combination of computed tomography (CT)‐guided transbronchial biopsy (CT‐TBB) with VBN might improve the diagnostic yield for small PPL. This study sought to investigate that prediction.MethodsA total of 100 patients with small PPL (<20 mm) were enrolled for CT‐TBB and randomly allocated to either a VBN+ or VBN− group (50 subjects per group). Group results were then compared in terms of diagnostic yield, whole procedure time, times at which the first CT scan and biopsy were taken and the number of lung biopsy specimens retrieved.ResultsThe diagnostic yield for small PPL was significantly higher in the VBN+ group versus VBN− group (84% vs 58%, respectively (P = 0.013)), with no significant difference in (whole) examination time between groups (VBN+: 32:53 (32 min and 53 s) ± 12:01 vs VBN−: 33:06 ± 10:08 (P = NS)). However, the time periods between commencing the examination and either the first CT scan or first biopsy were significantly shorter for the VBN+ group, while the net biopsy time tended to be longer for this group with a significantly higher number of specimens collected (VBN+: 3.54 ± 1.07 specimens vs VBN−: 2.98 ± 1.06 specimens (P = 0.01)).ConclusionCombining VBN with CT‐TBB significantly improved the diagnostic yield for small PPL.
Retweeting Risk Communication: The Role of Threat and Efficacy
Authors: Vos Sarah C. , Sutton Jeannette , Yu Yue , Renshaw Scott Leo , Olson Michele K. , Gibson C. Ben , Butts Carter T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSocial media platforms like Twitter and Facebook provide risk communicators with the opportunity to quickly reach their constituents at the time of an emerging infectious disease. On these platforms, messages gain exposure through message passing (called “sharing” on Facebook and “retweeting” on Twitter). This raises the question of how to optimize risk messages for diffusion across networks and, as a result, increase message exposure. In this study we add to this growing body of research by identifying message‐level strategies to increase message passing during high‐ambiguity events. In addition, we draw on the extended parallel process model to examine how threat and efficacy information influence the passing of Zika risk messages. In August 2016, we collected 1,409 Twitter messages about Zika sent by U.S. public health agencies’ accounts. Using content analysis methods, we identified intrinsic message features and then analyzed the influence of those features, the account sending the message, the network surrounding the account, and the saliency of Zika as a topic, using negative binomial regression. The results suggest that severity and efficacy information increase how frequently messages get passed on to others. Drawing on the results of this study, previous research on message passing, and diffusion theories, we identify a framework for risk communication on social media. This framework includes four key variables that influence message passing and identifies a core set of message strategies, including message timing, to increase exposure to risk messages on social media during high‐ambiguity events.
Authigenic replacement of cyanobacterially precipitated calcium carbonate by aluminium‐silicates in giant microbialites of Lake Van (Turkey)
Authors: Kremer Barbara , Kaźmierczak Józef , Kempe Stephan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies of modern cyanobacterial mats and biofilms show that they can precipitate minerals as a consequence of metabolic and degradational activities paired with ambient hydrochemical conditions. This study looked at modern microbial mats forming giant, tower‐like, groundwater‐fed, calcareous microbialites in the world's largest, highly alkaline lake; Van Gölü (Lake Van), East Turkey. Results show that microbial systems play a role not only in carbonate precipitation but also in the formation of siliceous mineral phases. Transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and spectral observations revealed that, within the extracellular polymeric substances excreted by the mats abundant minute aragonite grains precipitated first in vivo. These minute grains were quickly succeeded and/or supplemented in the dead biomass of the cyanobacterial mat by authigenic Al–Mg–Fe siliceous phases. Silicon dioxide is available in large concentrations in the highly alkaline water of Lake Van. Divalent cations (Ca and Mg) are delivered to the microbialites mostly by groundwater springs. The precipitation of the fine‐grained siliceous phases is probably mediated by bacteria degrading the cyanobacterial biomass and complexing the excessive cations with their extracellular polymeric envelopes. The bacteria serve as nucleation centres for the subsequent precipitation of siliceous mineral phases. Generally, the biphasic (calcareous and siliceous) mineralization – characterizing Lake Van microbialites – is controlled by their interior highly dynamic hydrogeochemical situation. There, the dramatically different alkaline lake water and the Ca–Mg‐charged groundwater mix at various rates. The early diagenetic replacement of the in vivo aragonite by authigenic siliceous phases significantly increases the fossilization potential of the mat‐forming cyanobacteria. Lake Van and its giant microbialite tufa towers act as a model explaining the transformation of early diagenetic mineral phases observed in many modern and ancient carbonate marine deposits, particularly those influenced by diffusion of silica‐enriched and metal‐enriched pore waters from below the water–sediment interface.
Low Mortgage Rates and Securitization: A Distinct Perspective on the US Housing Boom*
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Xu Fang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the impacts of low interest rates and lax underwriting standards on the US housing boom around the beginning of the new millennium. We suggest a time‐varying mean of the log price‐to‐rent ratio (PtR) to capture the persistent changes in housing prices. We show that the increasing latent trend in the PtR was significantly affected by the increased securitization of residential mortgage loans and decreasing interest rates, with the former effect being about three times larger than the latter. In the absence of securitization, negative interest rates would have been needed to reproduce an equally large housing boom since 2003.
A Note on the Wage Effects of the 1972 Raising of the School Leaving Age in Scotland and Northern Ireland
Authors: Buscha Franz , Dickson Matt 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this note, we use the UK Labour Force Survey to estimate the wage return to an additional year of schooling for Scotland and Northern Ireland exploiting the 1972 Raising of the School Leaving Age (RoSLA). Prior literature on this topic has consistently ignored both countries in a UK context, likely due to an incorrect belief that they were not affected by the 1972 RoSLA until some years later. We demonstrate that both countries were affected by the education reform in 1972 and our estimates suggest a positive effect on hourly wages for Scotland.
Intentional Injury and the Risk of Subsequent Hospitalization for Attempted Suicide
Authors: DeCou Christopher R. , Wang Jin , Rivara Fredrick P. , Rowhani‐Rahbar Ali 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTrauma patients are at increased risk of suicidal behavior. The association between assault injury and subsequent suicidal behavior relative to unintentional injury remains under‐studied. This study hypothesized that trauma patients with assault injuries would demonstrate greater risk of subsequent suicide attempt hospitalization compared to patients with unintentional injury.MethodTrauma patients hospitalized in Washington State were identified via administrative records. Proportional hazard analysis was conducted to test differences in risk of suicide attempt hospitalization up to 5 years after the initial trauma hospitalization, and time to onset of first suicide attempt hospitalization by subgroup.ResultsApproximately 2% (n = 1264) of trauma inpatients were subsequently hospitalized for attempted suicide, and 0.3% died by suicide (n = 177) during the follow‐up period. Relative to patients with unintentional injuries, those with assault‐related injuries (aHR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.86), and self‐inflicted injuries (aHR = 8.22, 95% CI: 7.24 to 9.33) demonstrated greater risk of suicide attempt hospitalization after discharge.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate a greater risk of suicidal behavior among trauma patients with assault injuries relative to patients with unintentional injuries. This suggests the importance of intentional cause of injury as a risk factor for suicidal behavior to be considered in assessment of suicidality and discharge planning for trauma patients.
The politics of top executive compensation in advanced democracies
Authors: Angeles Renira C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the 1980s, advanced democracies have experienced CEO pay scandals at an accelerating rate. However, this course varied across countries. Existing theories come short in explaining why some democracies experienced more frequently scandals involving overcompensation of the CEOs in core industries. Further, most studies are based on the US political and corporate system, which differ from European democracies. This is problematic as these are currently the only studies we rely on when it comes to public policy making. I develop an argument, based on a critical review, on why we need more political science studies on the different policies on CEO pay. This direction of research may more accurately tackle questions such as why some democracies meet obstacles for CEO pay reforms, more than others.
Iron Age stelae in the Flinn strain diagram
Authors: Le Gall Bernard , Caroff Martial 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA recurrent, but often difficult issue when studying lithic monuments from the past is to determine both the origin and location of the corresponding source rocks. Addressing these questions necessarily requires an integrated archeological/geological approach that can be successfully applied when the megaliths under study display diagnostic physical attributes. This is the case for four Iron Age cigar‐shaped stelae from SW Brittany (France) that typically show L>S and L tectonite fabrics similar to those of the Ordovician Nizon orthogneiss. Our integrated approach provides a better understanding of the criteria used by Iron Age people in selecting rock material, and the four Iron Age monoliths under study can be viewed in some ways as a pioneer application of the Flinn strain ellipsoid concept. Our work also emphasizes the prominent development of L tectonites in the eo‐Variscan basement in SW Brittany, synchronous with sinistral ductile shearing and orogen‐parallel elongation.