bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma α‐synuclein levels are increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Sun Hao‐Lun , Sun Bin‐Lu , Chen Dong‐Wan , Chen Yang , Li Wei‐Wei , Xu Man‐Yu , Shen Ying‐Ying , Xu Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Bu Xian‐Le 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia and can increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma α‐synuclein levels and hypoxia in the patients with OSAS.MethodsWe recruited 42 OSAS patients and 46 controls with simple snoring matched for age and gender. OSAS was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical symptoms as well as the nighttime polysomnography. Plasma total α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein levels were measured by ELISA kits.ResultsThe OSAS patients had significant higher levels of plasma total α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein levels. Both of the above indexes were positively correlated with the apnea–hypopnea index and the oxygen desaturation index, while they were negatively correlated with the mean and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturations.InterpretationThis study suggests that chronic intermittent hypoxia can increase the α‐synuclein levels, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Advanced Functional Biomaterials for Stem Cell Delivery in Regenerative Engineering and Medicine
Authors: Wang Xinlong , Rivera‐Bolanos Nancy , Jiang Bin , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStem cell–based therapies can potentially regenerate many types of tissues and organs, thereby providing solutions to a variety of diseases and injuries. However, acute cell death, uncontrolled differentiation, and low functional engraftment yields remain critical obstacles for clinical translation. Advanced functional biomaterial scaffolds that can deliver stem cells to the targeted tissues/organs and promote stem cell survival, differentiation, and integration to host tissues may potentially transform the clinical outcome of stem cell–based regenerative therapies. In this review, the authors briefly summarize sources of stem cells for transplantation, present the current state of the art in biomaterial design for stem cell delivery, and provide critical analysis for existing materials. Applications to the cardiovascular, neural, and musculoskeletal systems are highlighted with recent nonclinical studies and clinical trials. The authors also discuss how advances in biomaterials research can contribute to regenerative medicine research and stem cell therapies.
Flexible and Ultrasoft Inorganic 1D Semiconductor and Heterostructure Systems Based on SnIP
Authors: Ott Claudia , Reiter Felix , Baumgartner Maximilian , Pielmeier Markus , Vogel Anna , Walke Patrick , Burger Stefan , Ehrenreich Michael , Kieslich Gregor , Daisenberger Dominik , Armstrong Jeff , Thakur Ujwal Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Chen Shunda , Donadio Davide , Walter Lisa S. , Weitz R. Thomas , Shankar Karthik , Nilges Tom 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow dimensionality and high flexibility are key demands for flexible electronic semiconductor devices. SnIP, the first atomic‐scale double helical semiconductor combines structural anisotropy and robustness with exceptional electronic properties. The benefit of the double helix, combined with a diverse structure on the nanoscale, ranging from strong covalent bonding to weak van der Waals interactions, and the large structure and property anisotropy offer substantial potential for applications in energy conversion and water splitting. It represents the next logical step in downscaling the inorganic semiconductors from classical 3D systems, via 2D semiconductors like MXenes or transition metal dichalcogenides, to the first downsizeable, polymer‐like atomic‐scale 1D semiconductor SnIP. SnIP shows intriguing mechanical properties featuring a bulk modulus three times lower than any IV, III‐V, or II‐VI semiconductor. In situ bending tests substantiate that pure SnIP fibers can be bent without an effect on their bonding properties. Organic and inorganic hybrids are prepared illustrating that SnIP is a candidate to fabricate flexible 1D composites for energy conversion and water splitting applications. SnIP@C3N4 hybrid forms an unusual soft material core–shell topology with graphenic carbon nitride wrapping around SnIP. A 1D van der Waals heterostructure is formed capable of performing effective water splitting.
Bioprinting of Cell‐Laden Microfiber: Can It Become a Standard Product?
Authors: Shao Lei , Gao Qing , Xie Chaoqi , Fu Jianzhong , Xiang Meixiang , He Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHydrogel microfibers have many fascinating applications as microcarriers for drugs, factors, and cells, such as 3D cell culture, building micro‐organoids, and transplantation therapy due to their simple structures. It is unknown whether cell‐laden fiber can become a standard‐use product like woundplast. Here, from the technical and practical view, the elements required for user‐oriented microfibers are first discussed: i) the materials used should promote cell functionalization and be easily processed; ii) follow a manufacturing method for mass fabrication; iii) have the ability to be stored long‐term and be available for immediate use. Here, it is demonstrated that bioactive microfibers can be simply fabricated with coaxial bioprinting using gelatin methacrylate due to its tunable biological and mechanical properties. Additionally, programmed microfibers and 3D constructs with controllable composition can also be fabricated. These microfibers can be used to directly build organoids and complex co‐culture tissue models. In the present study, vascular organoid, angiogenic sprouts, and tumor angiogenesis are demonstrated. It is also demonstrated, for the first time, that the cell‐laden microfibers can be stored long‐term via cryopreservation. These results show that cell‐laden structures can be developed as a novel type of organoid product, which will open more avenues for tissue engineering and clinical organ repair.
The Critical Role of Electron‐Donating Thiophene Groups on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Donor–Acceptor Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Zhang Song , Ocheje Michael U. , Huang Lifeng , Galuska Luke , Cao Zhiqiang , Luo Shaochuan , Cheng Yu‐Hsuan , Ehlenberg Dakota , Goodman Renée B. , Zhou Dongshan , Liu Yi , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Azoulay Jason D. , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , Gu Xiaodan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic semiconducting donor–acceptor polymers are promising candidates for stretchable electronics owing to their mechanical compliance. However, the effect of the electron‐donating thiophene group on the thermomechanical properties of conjugated polymers has not been carefully studied. Here, thin‐film mechanical properties are investigated for diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based conjugated polymers with varying numbers of isolated thiophene moieties and sizes of fused thiophene rings in the polymer backbone. Interestingly, it is found that these thiophene units act as an antiplasticizer, where more isolated thiophene rings or bigger fused rings result in an increased glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer backbone, and consequently elastic modulus of the respective DPP polymers. Detailed morphological studies suggests that all samples show similar semicrystalline morphology. This antiplasticization effect also exists in para‐azaquinodimethane‐based conjugated polymers, indicating that this can be a general trend for various conjugated polymer systems. Using the knowledge gained above, a new DPP‐based polymer with increased alkyl side chain density through attaching alky chains to the thiophene unit is engineered. The new DPP polymer demonstrates a record low Tg, and 50% lower elastic modulus than a reference polymer without side‐chain decorated on the thiophene unit. This work provides a general design rule for making low‐Tg conjugated polymers for stretchable electronics.
A three‐zone mass transfer model for a rotating packed bed
Authors: Sang Le , Luo Yong , Chu Guang‐Wen , Sun Bao‐Chang , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA rotating packed bed (RPB) is recognized for its merits in chemical process intensification. In most studies of RPB mass transfer modeling, however, the effects of the end and cavity zones have not been taken into consideration, since it was very difficult to distinguish the end and bulk zones by hydrodynamics and mass transfer process. In this work, the radial thickness of the end zone was obtained by developing a probability method and imaging experiments to separate the end and bulk zones. A three‐zone model, including end, bulk, and cavity zones, of the overall gas‐side volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KGa)t was first established. Experiments of dissolved MEA chemisorption of CO2 were carried out to validate the proposed three‐zone mass transfer model. The results of the MEA‐CO2 absorption experiments showed that the experimentally obtained values of CO2 absorption efficiency were in agreement within ±20% with the model predictions.
Alkylation, Annulation, and Alkenylation of Organic Molecules with Maleimides by Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C‐H Bond Activation
Authors: Manoharan Ramasamy , Jeganmohan Masilamani 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaleimide and succinimide core moieties are present in various natural products and pharmaceuticals. In addition, these derivatives can be readily modified into biologically important organic molecules including pyrrolidines and γ‐lactams. A transition‐metal‐catalyzed chelation‐assisted functionalization of inert C−H bond of organic molecules with electrophiles or nucleophiles is one of the efficient methods to construct chemical bonds in a highly atom‐ and step‐economical manner. The present review describes the recent advances in the reaction involving maleimides with organic molecules by a chelation‐assisted inert C−H bond activation methodology. The reaction involving maleimides with organic molecules having directing groups, such as ketone, acyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, oxime, amide, imidate, chromone, azo, N‐sulfonyl ketimine, carboxylic acids, and aldimines, were described. The scope, limitation and mechanistic investigation of the alkylation, annulation and alkenylation reactions were discussed elaborately. This review article includes the entire report on the chemical bond‐forming reaction of maleimides with organic molecules by the C−H bond activation strategy until the end of 2018.
Palladiumkatalysierte decarboxylierende γ‐Arylierung: Ein Zugang zu tetrasubstituierten chiralen Allenen
Authors: Scheipers Ina , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEine enantiospezifische Pd‐katalysierte decarboxylierende Kupplungsreaktion von acyclischen β,γ‐Alkinsäuren mit verschiedenen Aryliodiden zu chiralen tetrasubstituierten Allenen wird beschrieben. Die Kupplungsreaktion umfasst eine decarboxylierende γ‐Palladierung von α,α‐disubstituierten Carbonsäuren, um tetrasubstituierte Allene mit vollständiger Übertragung von Punkt‐zu‐axialer Chiralität in exzellenten Ausbeuten aufzubauen.
Simplicity Beneath Complexity: Counting Molecular Electrons Reveals Transients and Kinetics of Photodissociation Reactions
Authors: Ruddock Jennifer M. , Zotev Nikola , Stankus Brian , Yong Haiwang , Bellshaw Darren , Boutet Sébastien , Lane Thomas J. , Liang Mengning , Carbajo Sergio , Du Wenpeng , Kirrander Adam , Minitti Michael , Weber Peter M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTime‐resolved pump–probe gas‐phase X‐ray scattering signals, extrapolated to zero momentum transfer, provide a measure of the number of electrons in a system, an effect that arises from the coherent addition of elastic scattering from the electrons. This allows to identify reactive transients and determine the chemical reaction kinetics without the need for extensive scattering simulations or complicated inversion of scattering data. We examine the photodissociation reaction of trimethylamine and identify two reaction paths upon excitation to the 3p state at 200 nm: a fast dissociation path out of the 3p state to the dimethyl amine radical (16.6±1.2 %) and a slower dissociation via internal conversion to the 3s state (83.4±1.2 %). The time constants for the two reactions are 640±130 fs and 74±6 ps, respectively. Additionally, it is found that the transient dimethyl amine radical has a N−C bond length of 1.45±0.02 Å and a C−N−C bond angle of 118°±4°.
Strategies towards Low‐Cost Dual‐Ion Batteries with High Performance
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Liu Qirong , Jiang Chunlei , Ji Bifa , Ji XiuLei , Tang Yongbing , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRocking‐chair based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have extensively applied to consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) for solving the present worldwide issues of fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental pollution. However, due to the growing unprecedented demand of LIBs for commercialization in EVs and grid‐scale energy storage stations, and a shortage of lithium and cobalt, the increasing cost gives impetus to exploit low‐cost rechargeable battery systems. Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), in which both cations and anions are involved in the electrochemical redox reaction, are one of the most promising candidates to meet the low‐cost requirements of commercial applications, because of their high working voltage, excellent safety, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional rocking‐chair based LIBs. However, DIB technologies are only at the stage of fundamental research and considerable effort is required to improve the energy density and cycle life further. We review the development history and current situation, and discuss the reaction kinetics involved in DIBs, including various anionic intercalation mechanism of cathodes, and the reactions at the anodes including intercalation and alloying to explore promising strategies towards low‐cost DIBs with high performance.
V2O5 based quadruple nano‐perovskite as a new catalyst for the synthesis of bis and tetrakis heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Khatab Tamer K. , Abdelghany Amr Mohamed , Soliman Hanan A. 
Published: March 2019

In this article, we presented a novel, efficient and facile approach for using strontium titanate supported catalyst in organic synthesis. Bis and tetrakis of coumarin, indole and xanthene derivatives can effortlessly have prepared using V2O5/perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) under solvent‐free condition. V2O5/perovskite in (NPs) was prepared and identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope supported with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDAX). Calculated crystal size was from the intense XRD peaks was found to range between 50–60 nm in agreement with that obtained from the transmission electron microscopic investigation. EDAX analysis and mapping images reveal a homogenous distribution of all constituents with their calculated ratios in the synthesized catalyst.
Understanding Rechargeable Li−O2 Batteries via First‐Principles Computations
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen An , Jiao Menggai , Xie Zhaojun , Zhou Zhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDriven by the growing demand of energy storage devices, rechargeable Li−O2 batteries, especially non‐aqueous ones, are considered as one of the most promising technologies due to their ultrahigh energy density. However, there are still many challenges, including poor catalytic activity, low conductivity and solvent degradation, to be overcome before their implementation in practical applications. Over decades, first‐principles computations have made great progress and become a powerful tool to predict key performances of various components in rechargeable Li−O2 batteries at atomic level. In this review, we introduce first‐principles approaches, and summarize the recent advancement in computational investigations on cathode catalysts, products and solvents for rechargeable Li−O2 batteries. In addition, the challenges and potential research directions are also briefly discussed.
Liver resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Shuling , Jin Huilin , Dai Zihao , Wei Mengchao , Xiao Han , Su Tianhong , Li Bin , Liu Xin , Wang Yu , Li Jiaping , Shen Shunli , Zhou Qi , Peng Baogang , Peng Zhenwei , Peng Sui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as the standard treatment for intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is being challenged by increasing studies supporting liver resection (LR); but evidence of survival benefits of LR is lacking. We aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) of LR with that of TACE for the treatment of intermediate‐stage HCC in cirrhotic patients.MethodsA Markov model, comparing LR with TACE over 15 years, was developed based on the data from 31 literatures. Additionally, external validation of the model was performed using a data set (n = 1735; LR: 701; TACE: 1034) from a tertiary center with propensity score matching method. We conducted one‐way and two‐way sensitivity analyses, in addition to a Monte Carlo analysis with 10 000 patients allocated into each arm.ResultsThe mean expected survival times and survival rates at 5 years were 77.8 months and 47.1% in LR group, and 48.6 months and 25.7% in TACE group, respectively. Sensitivity analyses found that initial LR was the most favorable treatment. The 95% CI for the difference in OS was 2.42‐2.46 years between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the validation set, the 5‐year survival rates after LR were significantly better than those after TACE before (40.2% vs. 25.9%, P < 0.001) and after matching (43.2% vs 30.9%, P < 0.001), which was comparable to the model results.ConclusionsFor cirrhotic patients with resectable intermediate‐stage HCC, LR may provide survival benefit over TACE, but large‐scale studies are required to further stratify patients at this stage for different optimal treatments.
Early‐onset triple‐negative breast cancer in multiracial/ethnic populations: Distinct trends of prevalence of truncation mutations
Authors: Liu Qian , Yao Song , Zhao Hua , Hu Qiang , Kwan Marilyn L. , Roh Janise M. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Liu Song , Zhu Qianqian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractYoung black women are at higher risk of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, a majority of the genetic studies on cancer predisposition were carried out in White populations. The underrepresentation of minority racial/ethnic populations in cancer genetic studies may have led to disproportionate gaps in our knowledge of cancer predisposition genes in these populations. We surveyed the protein‐truncating mutations at the exome‐wide scale and in known breast cancer predisposition genes among 170 patients of multiple racial/ethnic groups with early‐onset (≤age 50) TNBC from two independent cohorts. Black patients, on average, had a higher number of truncating mutations than Whites at the exome‐wide level, but fewer truncating mutations in the panel of known breast cancer genes. White TNBC patients showed a strong enrichment of truncating variants in known breast cancer genes, whereas no such enrichment was found among Black patients. Our findings indicate likely more breast cancer disposition genes yet to be discovered in minority racial/ethnic groups, and the current multigene panels may result in unequal benefits from cancer genetic testing.
Chemotherapy is associated with increased survival from colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma with distant metastasis: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis
Authors: Shi Tao , Huang Mengxi , Han Dong , Tang Xinyi , Chen Yanyan , Li Zhiping , Liu Chao , Xiang Dan , Wang Ting , Chen Yitian , Wang Rui , Lei Zengjie , Chu Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundColorectal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare histological subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma with high metastatic frequency compared to non‐SRCC colorectal cancer (NOS). The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors of colorectal SRCC with different metastatic sites and evaluate impacts of various therapies for metastatic colorectal SRCC.MethodsPatients with NOS and SRCC were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2010‐2014. χ2 tests were used to compare data significance. Kaplan‐Meier and COX models were used to analyze the differences in the survival. Propensity‐matched analyses were used to adjust numerical differences.ResultsAmong the 173 460 patients, 1932 (1.11%) patients had colorectal SRCC. In univariate analysis, older age, male sex, and peritoneum metastasis were associated with higher mortality risk. The peritoneum was both the site with the highest metastatic frequency and the site with the worst prognosis in SRCC. In the COX regression model, peritoneum‐metastatic SRCC patients receiving chemotherapy had better survival than patients treated with surgery.ConclusionsOur study analyzed the unique metastatic pattern of colorectal SRCC toward different sites and found that compared to surgery, chemotherapy was associated with better survival for colorectal SRCC patients with distant metastasis, which provided insights for future SRCC patient treatment.
Facile in Vitro Biocatalytic Production of Diverse Tryptamines
Authors: McDonald Allwin D. , Perkins Lydia J. , Buller Andrew R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTryptamines are a medicinally important class of small molecules that serve as precursors to more complex, clinically used indole alkaloid natural products. Typically, tryptamine analogues are prepared from indoles through multistep synthetic routes. In the natural world, the desirable tryptamine synthon is produced in a single step by l‐tryptophan decarboxylases (TDCs). However, no TDCs are known to combine high activity and substrate promiscuity, which might enable a practical biocatalytic route to tryptamine analogues. We have now identified the TDC from Ruminococcus gnavus as the first highly active and promiscuous member of this enzyme family. RgnTDC performs up to 96 000 turnovers and readily accommodates tryptophan analogues with substituents at the 4, 5, 6, and 7 positions, as well as alternative heterocycles, thus enabling the facile biocatalytic synthesis of >20 tryptamine analogues. We demonstrate the utility of this enzyme in a two‐step biocatalytic sequence with an engineered tryptophan synthase to afford an efficient, cost‐effective route to tryptamines from commercially available indole starting materials.
A case report of a ruptured subclavian artery aneurysm presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Ramtoola Mohammad Tariq , Bhatti Mubashir , Shetty Ritesh 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageSubclavian artery aneurysms are uncommon and present a diagnostic dilemma. Our patient attended with life‐threatening rupture, requiring prompt management. However, lack of on‐site facilities and specialist input posed a logistical challenge. The patient was stable enough to allow an urgent transfer to a specialist unit for successful endovascular repair.
Electrochemical Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of α, β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with CF3SO2Na
Authors: Li Fang‐Yuan , Lin Dian‐Zhao , He Tian‐Jun , Zhong Wei‐Qiang , Huang Jing‐Mei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of vinyl trifluoromethyl compounds from α, β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and CF3SO2Na has been developed. This electrochemical decarboxylative trifluoro‐methylation was found to be highly stereoselective and afforded products in good yields with wide substrate scope under metal‐free and external chemical oxidant‐free conditions.