bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent stone‐forming patients have high visceral fat ratio based on computed tomography images compared to first‐time stone‐forming patients
Authors: Yamashita Shimpei , Iguchi Takashi , Nishizawa Satoshi , Iba Akinori , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Hara Isao 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare various fat parameters based on computed tomography images between recurrent stone‐forming patients and patients forming stones for the first time.MethodsIncluded in the present study were 300 patients with upper urinary tract calculi who had undergone active stone removal in our hospital. Using pretreatment computed tomography images, we measured visceral fat area and volume, subcutaneous fat area and volume, visceral fat area ratio and visceral fat volume ratio. We compared patient backgrounds and these fat parameters between those who recurrently formed stones and those who formed stones for the first time. We also performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors that contribute to severe stones.ResultsA total of 148 (49.3%) patients were recurrent stone‐forming patients. Recurrent stone‐forming patients were statistically significantly younger (P < 0.01) and there were more male patients (P < 0.01). In addition, visceral fat area ratio and visceral fat volume ratio in recurrent stone‐forming patients were significantly higher than those in first‐time stone‐forming patients (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in visceral fat area (P = 0.32), subcutaneous fat area (P = 0.36), visceral fat volume (P = 0.38) or subcutaneous fat volume (P = 0.23). Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that area under the curve of visceral fat volume ratio (0.583) for recurrent stones was larger than that of visceral fat area ratio (0.571). In multivariate analysis, increasing visceral fat volume ratio was an independent significant predictor of recurrent stones (P = 0.04).ConclusionsRecurrent stone‐forming patients have high visceral fat ratios compared to first‐time stone‐forming patients, shown here for the first time.
Children's Perceptions About the Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care: A Large Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Comparcini Dania , Simonetti Valentina , Tomietto Marco , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Pelander Tiina , Cicolini Giancarlo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study explored children's perceptions about the quality of nursing care and the determinants of their evaluations according to different categories of children's ages.DesignMulticenter cross‐sectional study carried out on 692 pediatric patients in eight large Italian regional hospitals.MethodsWe used a validated questionnaire, translated and adapted to the Italian context, consisting of 49 items (5‐point Likert scale) exploring nurse characteristics, nursing activities, and nursing environment.FindingsThe mean score of children's perceptions of their overall experience of hospitalization was 3.96; the nurse characteristics factor obtained the highest score (mean = 3.79), and it was in positive correlation with the satisfaction level across different age categories: 4 to 6 years, β = .37; 7 to 11 years, β = .31; and 12 to 14 years, β = .32.ConclusionsNurse characteristics is the only significant factor contributing to children's satisfaction across the three different age categories.Clinical RelevanceIn pediatric nursing care, it is important to emphasize that nurses’ personal characteristics and the ability to connect with children are essential compared to the ability to perform tasks.
Sympathoexcitation following intermittent hypoxia in rat is mediated by circulating angiotensin II acting at the carotid body and subfornical organ
Authors: Kim Seung Jae , Fong Angelina Y. , Pilowsky Paul M. , Abbott Stephen B. G. 
Published: April 2018

Key points
In anaesthetized rats, acute intermittent hypoxia increases sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and central sympathetic–respiratory coupling.
Renin–angiotensin system inhibition prevents the sympathetic effects of intermittent hypoxia, with intermittent injections of angiotensin II into the systemic circulation replicating these effects.
Bilateral carotid body denervation reduces the sympathetic effects of acute intermittent hypoxia and eliminates the increases in chemoreflex sensitivity and sympathetic–respiratory coupling.
Pharmacological inhibition of the subfornical organ also reduces the sympathetic effects of acute intermittent hypoxia, although it has no effect on the increases in chemoreflex sensitivity and central sympathetic–respiratory coupling.
Combining both interventions eliminates the sympathetic effects of both intermittent hypoxia and angiotensin II.
AbstractCirculating angiotensin II (Ang II) is vital for arterial pressure elevation following intermittent hypoxia in rats, although its importance in the induction of sympathetic changes is unclear. We tested the contribution of the renin–angiotensin system to the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) in anaesthetized and ventilated rats. There was a 33.7 ± 2.9% increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), while sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivity and central sympathetic–respiratory coupling increased by one‐fold following AIH. The sympathetic effects of AIH were prevented by blocking angiotensin type 1 receptors with systemic losartan. Intermittent systemic injections of Ang II (Int.Ang II) elicited similar sympathetic responses to AIH. To identify the neural pathways responsible for the effects of AIH and Int.Ang II, we performed bilateral carotid body denervation, which reduced the increase in SNA by 56% and 45%, respectively. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of the subfornical organ (SFO), an established target of circulating Ang II, reduced the increase in SNA following AIH and Int.Ang II by 65% and 59%, respectively, although it did not prevent the sensitization of the sympathetic peripheral chemoreflex, nor the increase in central sympathetic–respiratory coupling. Combined carotid body denervation and inhibition of the SFO eliminated the enhancement of SNA following AIH and Int.Ang II. Repeated systemic injections of phenylephrine caused an elevation in SNA similar to AIH, and this effect was prevented by a renin inhibitor, aliskiren. Our findings show that the sympathetic effects of AIH are the result of RAS‐mediated activations of the carotid bodies and the SFO.
Moxifloxacin Replacement in Contemporary Tuberculosis Drug Regimens Is Ineffective against Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Cornell Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yingjun , Pertinez Henry , Davies Geraint R. , Gillespie Stephen H. , Coates Anthony R. , Hu Yanmin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, remains a leading killer worldwide, and disease control is hampered by the ineffective control of persistent infections. Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid or ethambutol in standard anti-TB regimens reduces the treatment duration and relapse rates in animal studies, and 4-month regimens were not noninferior in clinical trials. Resuscitation-promoting factor (RPF)-dependent bacilli have recently been implicated in
M. tuberculosis
persistence. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the substitution of moxifloxacin for a drug used in the standard drug regimen in eradicating CFU count-positive and RPF-dependent persistent
M. tuberculosis
using the Cornell murine model.
M. tuberculosis
-infected mice were treated with regimens in which either isoniazid or ethambutol was replaced by moxifloxacin in the standard regimen. The efficacy of the regimens for bacterial CFU count elimination and removal of persistent tubercle bacilli, evaluated using culture filtrate (CF) derived from
M. tuberculosis
strain H37Rv, was compared to that of the standard regimen. We also measured disease relapse rates. The regimen in which moxifloxacin replaced isoniazid achieved total organ CFU count clearance at 11 weeks posttreatment, which was faster than that by the standard regimen (14 weeks), and showed a 34% lower relapse rate. The regimen in which moxifloxacin replaced ethambutol was similar to standard regimens in these regards. Importantly, neither the regimen in which moxifloxacin replaced isoniazid or ethambutol nor the standard regimen could remove CF-dependent persistent bacilli. The finding of CF-dependent persistent
M. tuberculosis
in TB treatment requires confirmation in human studies and has implications for future drug design, testing, and clinical applications.
Geology, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the Santa Ana Mountains, California, USA
Authors: Lipps Jere H. , Lozinsky Richard , Pedersen-Guzman Jeannine , Scott Eric , Babilonia Lisa 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The geology, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the Santa Ana Mountains of Southern California span 150 m.y. of subduction and 30 m.y. of transform faulting, producing complex geologic, stratigraphic, and paleontological settings. The mountains are bounded by the Elsinore fault zone on their east side, uplifting the mountains and tilting them westward, where sediments eroded from them were deposited in a variety of marine to terrestrial environments; most of these formations yield fossils so that a rich history of life can be reconstructed. The most recent geologic history includes the continued transform faulting with displacements of many kilometers northwesterly, juxtaposing separate blocks and biotas. The modern sediments are dominated by the Santa Ana River, which flows westerly at the northern end of the Santa Ana Mountains onto the coastal plain of Orange County. It is the primary aquifer supplying significant amounts of water to the residents. Humans have occupied the region for the last 12,000 yr, developing large, sophisticated populations, which, in the most recent years, have impacted the geology significantly.
This field-trip guide starts north of the mountains in Ontario, California, and describes the Elsinore fault zone, the east side of the Santa Ana Mountains, and the ascent of the steep eastern side of those mountains. Extensive vistas of the geology to the east of the mountains can be seen from stops along the way. In the mountains themselves, the guide describes the granitoids of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic Bedford Canyon Formation, rocks of the Cretaceous Santiago Peak Volcanics, and overlying sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. At Ronald W. Caspers Wilderness Park, stops show the early Tertiary Silverado and Santiago formations preserving terrestrial environments that rest unconformably on the marine Cretaceous Williams Formation. On the west side of the mountains, stops at Cretaceous to Miocene conglomerates through mudstones reveal abundant marine mollusks, foraminifera, and vertebrate faunas among others, and a wide variety of sedimentary structures. Younger sediments, faults, and river courses occur along the final leg of the trip from the northern Santa Ana Mountains back to Ontario. Humans have interacted with the geology and its resources for possibly the last 12,000 yr, in ancient times utilizing rock resources and in modern times dealing with geological hazards in developmental and infrastructural construction.
Neogene sedimentation, volcanism, and faulting in the eastern Coyote Mountains, Salton Trough, southern California
Authors: Ann Bykerk-Kauffman 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The Coyote Mountains of southern California lie at the interface of the Peninsular Ranges and Colorado Desert geomorphic provinces, along the active right-lateral Elsinore fault, just north of the Mexican border. This field-trip guide explores the southeastern part of the range and examines the field evidence for (1) the early Miocene passing of the edge of the slab window underneath the area as the subduction zone west of the area shut down, (2) the inception of the West Salton detachment fault between 8 and 4.5 Ma, and (3) the uplift and right-lateral distributed shearing of the range since ca. 1.2 Ma.
Cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering in children and adolescents: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Seo Young-Gyun , Choi Min-Kyu , Kang Jae-Heon , Lee Hye-Ja , Jang Han Byul , Park Sang Ick , Ju Young Soo , Park Kyung Hee 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe early identification of predictors related to cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering (CVD-RFC) can help prevent chronic disease. We aimed to identify the risk factors for CVD-RFC in adolescents.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study design was used to obtain data included in these analyses from school-aged children who participated in the Korean Child-Adolescent Study 2008–2014. A total of 1309 children aged 6–15 years were enrolled. We compared the participants based on the presence or absence of CVD-RFC and examined the cumulative incidence of CVD-RFC.ResultsOf the total 1309 children, 410 (31.32%) had CVD-RFC in adolescence. A higher average household income ≥3 million Korean Republic won (KRW)/month (3–5 million KRW/month: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97); ≥5 million KRW/month: HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.77)) was associated with a lower CVD-RFC incidence, while the presence of parental CVD history (HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.57)), overweight or obesity (HR 3.83 (95% CI 3.05 to 4.80)) and shorter sleep duration of 8–9 hour/day (HR 1.80 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.07)) and <8 hour/day (HR 1.93 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.34)) had higher CVD-RFC incidences.ConclusionsObesity in childhood, short sleep duration and parental factors such as low socioeconomic status and parental history of CVD are significant risk factors for the development of CVD-RFC in adolescents. Efforts to create awareness regarding sufficient sleep duration in children via intervention programmes targeting cardiometabolic health in children and special attention to lifestyle modifications and socioeconomic components of the family should be considered.
Laparoscopic excision of deep rectovaginal endometriosis in BSGE endometriosis centres: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Byrne Dominic , Curnow Tamara , Smith Paul , Cutner Alfred , Saridogan Ertan , Clark T Justin 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic surgical excision of rectovaginal endometriosis.DesignA multicentre, prospective cohort study.Setting51 hospitals accredited as specialist endometriosis centres.Participants5162 women of reproductive age with rectovaginal endometriosis of which 4721 women had planned laparoscopic excision.InterventionsLaparoscopic surgical excision of rectovaginal endometriosis requiring dissection of the pararectal space.Main outcome measuresStandardised symptom questionnaires enquiring about chronic pelvic pain, bladder and bowel symptoms, analgesia use and quality of life (EuroQol) completed prior to surgery and at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Serious perioperative and postoperative complications including major haemorrhage, infection and visceral injury were recorded.ResultsAt 6 months postsurgery, there were significant reductions in premenstrual, menstrual and non-cyclical pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dyschezia, low back pain and bladder pain. In addition, there were significant reductions in voiding difficulty, bowel frequency, urgency, incomplete emptying, constipation and passing blood. These reductions were maintained at 2 years, with the exception of voiding difficulty. Global quality of life significantly improved from a median pretreatment score of 55/100 to 80/100 at 6 months. There was a significant improvement in quality of life in all measured domains and in quality-adjusted life years. These improvements were sustained at 2 years. All analgesia use was reduced and, in particular, opiate use fell from 28.1% prior to surgery to 16.1% at 6 months. The overall incidence of complications was 6.8% (321/4721). Gastrointestinal complications (enterotomy, anastomotic leak or fistula) occurred in 52 (1.1%) operations and of the urinary tract (ureteric/bladder injury or leak) in 49 (1.0%) procedures.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgical excision of rectovaginal endometriosis appears to be effective in treating pelvic pain and bowel symptoms and improving health-related quality of life and has a low rate of major complications when performed in specialist centres.
Impairments in Adipose Tissue Microcirculation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Assessed by Real-Time Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Hu Donghua , Remash Devika , Russell Ryan D. , Greenaway Timothy , Rattigan Stephen , Squibb Kathryn A. , Jones Graeme , Premilovac Dino , Richards Stephen M. , Keske Michelle A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), adipose tissue expansion (because of larger adipocytes) results in reduced microvascular density which is thought to lead to adipocyte hypoxia, inflammation, and reduced nutrient delivery to the adipocyte. Adipose tissue microvascular responses in humans with T2D have not been extensively characterized. Furthermore, it has not been determined whether impaired microvascular responses in human adipose tissue are most closely associated with adiposity, inflammation, or altered metabolism.

Methods and Results:
Overnight-fasted healthy controls (n=24, 9 females/15 males) and people with T2D (n=21, 8 females/13 males) underwent a body composition scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), an oral glucose challenge (50 g glucose) and blood analysis of clinical chemistries and inflammatory markers. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue microvascular responses were measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasound at baseline and 1-hour post-oral glucose challenge. Adipose tissue microvascular blood volume was significantly elevated in healthy subjects 1-hour post-oral glucose challenge; however, this effect was absent in T2D. Adipose tissue microvascular blood flow was lower in people with T2D at baseline and was significantly blunted post-oral glucose challenge compared with controls. Adipose tissue microvascular blood flow was negatively associated with truncal fat (%), glucoregulatory function, fasting triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid levels, and positively associated with insulin sensitivity. Truncal fat (%), systolic blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity were the only correlates with microvascular blood volume. Systemic inflammation was not associated with adipose tissue microvascular responses.

Conclusions:
Impaired microvascular function in adipose tissue during T2D is not conditionally linked to systemic inflammation but is associated with other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia).
Effect of nestlings’ age on parental responses to a predatory snake in Parus minor
Authors: Ha Jung Moon , Lee Keesan , Yang Eun Jeong , Kim Woo Joo , Song Ho Kyeong , Hwang In Je , Lee Sang-im , Jablonski Piotr G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Predator-specific alarm calls may have a variety of context-specific functions. Parents of the oriental tit, Parus minor, use the ‘jar’ call in response to the presence of a snake near the nests, and the nestlings respond by escaping the nest cavity. This specific function can be observed only when nestlings are able to fledge. Do tits use the ‘jar’ call only in a situation when nestlings are physically able to jump out of the nest? We measured parental responses to live snake in 8 nests. The use of ‘jar’ call by parents was not modified by the ability of their nestlings to escape out of the nest. This suggests that fledging in response to ‘jar’ call by old nestlings evolved later than the evolutionary emergence of referential snake alarm calls, and that the ancestral function of ‘jar’ call was probably not related to triggering of fledging in old nestlings.
Confessional, International, and Cosmopolitan
Authors: Sutanto Nathaniel Gray 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recent critiques of Protestantism argue that its theological principles undercut ecclesial unity while creating endless interpretive plurality. This plurality, in turn, perpetuates the secular conditions that characterize the contemporary Western world: the nurturing of personal autonomy, a buffered self that deafens theological dimensions of existence, and an unenduring institutional visibility that renders Protestant churches incapable of engaging the modern world with a unified theological voice. In this context, this article retrieves Herman Bavinck’s understanding that a specifically Protestant view of the church can properly ground a catholicity that centers on a unity-in-diversity that is “confessional, international, and cosmopolitan” in character.
forecasting yes, management maybe
Authors: Ackermann William C. 
Published: April 2018

Events are recalled in the life and influence of this great man, Robert E. Horton, who founded by example the field of hydrometeorology.
Forecasting in hydrometeorology, or any area of science, is declared the highest form of pure science. It follows logically after observation and understanding. To proceed into management of the elements whose behavior we forecast will require association with many other elements of society who insist upon sharing the decision to manage.
Growth areas for hydrometeorological attention are flood plain management, safety of old dams, and water quality management.
A review of hexaferrum based on new mineralogical data
Authors: Cabri Louis J. , Aiglsperger Thomas 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHexaferrum, defined as an hcp Fe mineral containing varying amounts of Ru, Os, or Ir (Mochalov et al. 1998) was re-examined in the light of new analyses of similar alloys from the Loma Peguera and Loma Larga chromitites, in the central part of Loma Caribe peridotite, Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, together with a review of the phase chemistry in the Fe–Ni–Ir and Fe–Ru–Ir systems. We conclude that the hcp (Fe,Ir) mineral corresponds to the ε-phase of Raub et al. (1964) and should be differentiated from hexaferrum [(Fe,Os) and (Fe,Ru)] because it is separated by one to two miscibility gaps and therefore is not a continuous solid solution with Fe.
Balancing science and political economy: Tobacco control and global health
Authors: Mukaigawara Mitsuru , Winters Janelle , Fernandes Genevie , Sridhar Devi 
Published: April 2018

Background: Global tobacco control is a major public health issue, as smoking-related disease burden remains high worldwide. The World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO) are the driving forces in global tobacco control. However, little research has focused on their development, financing, decision-making, and accountability structures.Methods: We used two strategies to identify the development and structure of global tobacco control initiatives. First, we reviewed the published literature through electronic databases. Second, we conducted grey literature searching.Results: We identified four periods in the Bank’s involvement in global tobacco control, from creation of the evidence base in the 1990s to the implementation of tax reforms. We identified three phases in the WHO’s efforts, from its early recognition of the link between tobacco and health risks in the 1970s to its implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Both organisations are financed by a handful of private philanthropies, and face similar risks for effective tobacco control: reduced accountability and resource mobilisation, poor decision-making authority due to specific donor influence, and difficulty in monitoring and evaluation.Conclusions:Continued attention should be paid not only to the primary health-related outcomes of tobacco use, but also to the decision-making and financing structures to promote tobacco control activities.