bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of tabletop exercises in nuclear security education
Authors: Shattan Michael , Seybert Adam , Gilbreath Robert Boone , Dahunsi Stephen , Hall Howard L. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of tabletop exercises (TTXs) in graduate nuclear security education, their effectiveness and their relationship to traditional forms of classroom instruction. The paper highlights both the benefits and challenges of TTX implementation—the former including higher student motivation and material retention, and the latter including motivational shifts toward “winning” and possible student exclusionary behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey results from 49 former students in a US university were collected electronically and combined with anecdotal evidence from student, facilitator and teaching assistant interviews following five iterations of a specifically designed, semester-long, TTX case study. The case study focused on securing a fictional nuclear facility.

Findings
Students found the TTX more memorable and retained more course material when asked to compare the TTX’s effectiveness to long-term course projects in other courses. Their in-class motivations tended to shift from traditional classroom motivations toward “winning,” and “not letting down their classmates.” In some iterations, students also observed classmates becoming more tempted to cheat or otherwise violate academic ethics. Mitigation strategies to prevent such temptations (e.g. removing direct student vs student TTX structures) were found to be effective.

Originality/value
This is the first report on the effective use of a semester-long TTX in a graduate nuclear security classroom. The flexibility of this instructional tool demonstrates its applicability to other classroom subjects including homeland security, emergency management, disease outbreak management and public policy among others.
The economic impact of a rise in US trade protectionism on East Asia
Authors: Cheong Inkyo , Tongzon Jose 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impact of a rising US trade protectionism on the economies of China, Japan, South Korea and the ASEAN countries and draw out some policy and strategic implications for the USA and East Asia.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors employ a computable general equilibrium approach supplemented with qualitative analyses based on empirical evidence.

Findings
An increase in US import tariffs would result in economic losses for the USA and the corresponding country or region to which the import tariff increase is applied. An increase in US import tariffs for Chinese goods alone would not have any spillover effects on other East Asian countries. But, an imposition of a border adjustment tax (BAT) for all countries and for all products would actually boost US economic growth. Advanced economies would enjoy GDP increases, but China, Korea and the ASEAN countries would face an economic loss in a longer term period, although they would enjoy some growth in the short term. However, when the BAT only applies to a specific East Asian country, USA would suffer an economic loss, with the exception of a BAT specifically targeted at the ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries would not experience any economic loss under all scenarios except in the case of import tariffs specifically targeted at ASEAN.

Research limitations/implications
From the US perspective, it is beneficial to adopt a BAT for all countries and across the board. Under this arrangement, there would be an economic loss for China, Korea and the ASEAN countries in the longer term. An increase in US trade protectionism would only push the East Asian countries towards deeper economic integration, with serious implications for global pattern of trade and investment.

Originality/value
The existing literature on the likely economic impact of US trade protectionism on East Asia is very scarce and based on surveys and subjective speculations. This study uses a quantitative method based on empirical evidence.
Audit committee characteristics: an empirical investigation of the contribution to intellectual capital efficiency
Authors: Buallay Amina 
Published: June 2018

PurposeIn a knowledge economy, it is generally agreed that audit committees play a significant role in supporting the overall firm’s knowledge, particularly enhancing the reporting process. In this respect, this paper aims to examine the effect of audit committee characteristics on intellectual capital efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis study examined 59 banks for five years (2011-2015), obtaining 295 observations. The study’s independent variable is audit committee characteristics. The dependent variable is intellectual capital components (Human: human capital efficiency [HCE]; Structural: structural capital efficiency [SCE]; Relational: relational capital efficiency [RCE]; and Physical/Financial: capital employed efficiency [CEE]). In addition, the study used four bank-specific control variables.FindingsThe findings deduced from the empirical results demonstrate that there is a significant positive impact of audit committee characteristics on intellectual capital. Moreover, the relationship between audit committee and intellectual capital components (HCE, SCE, RCE and CEE) also has a significant positive relationship if measured individually.Originality/valueThe study provides insights about the relationship between audit committee characteristics and the improvement in intellectual capital efficiency, which might be used by firms to re-arrange the roles within audit committee, to reassign internal priorities and to escalate position in their environment.
Founding team experience, industry context, and new venture creation
Authors: Li Jun , Dutta Dev K. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of founding team experience (industry and venturing) in new venture creation. This paper posits the following questions: How does founding team experience influence the likelihood of new venture creation, in the nascent stage? How does industry context moderate this relationship? The study aims to fill an important gap in the literature by unpacking the impact of different types of founding team experiences on venture outcome, and by focusing on the influence of founding team in the venture creation process, specifically at the nascent stage.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper utilizes data from the Second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, a longitudinal data set of 1,214 nascent entrepreneurs in the USA. Logistics regression was employed to analyze the effect of founding team experience on new venture creation. Post hoc analysis was conducted to ensure the confidence of the findings.

Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about how founding team experience influences the likelihood of new venture creation in the nascent stage. At the nascent stage, founding team industry experience positively affects new venture creation while founding team venturing experience does not. However, in the high-technology industry environment, the influence of the founding team’s venturing experience on new venture creation is stronger than that in the low-technology industry environment.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the design of the data set, there is a risk of “right-censoring” problem. Also, because the study used archival data on founding teams, the methodology did not allow for uncovering the underlying team processes and dynamics during the venture creation process based on learning from experience. Future studies are encouraged to examine other types of founding team experience and the underlying process-level factors on venture creation.

Practical implications
The paper provides important practical implications for nascent entrepreneurs/entrepreneurial teams on team assembling and composition. In general, a team with higher-level industry experience is critical for venturing success. A team with higher-level venturing experience is more desired in the high-technology industry.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills an important gap in the entrepreneurial team literature by highlighting the complex and nuanced ways in which founding team experience influences the likelihood of venture creation in the nascent stage of the firm, especially after incorporating the additional impact of the industry context.
Understanding the Connections between the EU Global Strategy and Somali Peacebuilding Education Needs and Priorities
Authors: Lewis Alexandra , Winn Neil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the connections between identity politics and European Union (EU) aid effectiveness in peacebuilding education in Somalia. It engages with a severe educational challenge, which is that a lack of capacity in rigorous educational design and/or implementation across Somali Ministries in the South Central Zone, Somaliland and Puntland has led to the importation of multiple foreign curricula into the country simultaneously that do not address Somali history and contemporary conflict drivers and that frequently clash with local values as well as with each other. We critique this from a ‘new barbarism’ perspective, arguing that Somali voices and educational priorities have not been provided a sufficient space for expression in the EU debate on the global and therefore also the national development agenda.
Measuring the intensity of community programs and policies for preventing childhood obesity in a diverse sample of US communities: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Collie‐Akers V. L. , Schultz J. A. , Fawcett S. B. , Landry S. , Obermeier S. , Frongillo E. A. , Forthofer M. , Weinstein N. , Weber S. A. , Logan A. , Arteaga S. S. , Nebeling L. , Au L. E. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: June 2018

SummaryIntroductionEfforts to address the critical public health problem of childhood obesity are occurring across the USA; however, little is known about how to characterize the intensity of these efforts.ObjectivesThe purposes of this study are to describe the intensity of community programs and policies (CPPs) to address childhood obesity in 130 US communities and to examine the extent to which observed CPPs targeted multiple behaviours and employed a comprehensive array of strategies.MethodsTo document CPPs occurring over a 10‐year period, key informants were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview protocol. Staff coded CPPs for key characteristics related to intensity, including reach, duration and strategy. Three types of CPP scores were calculated for intensity of CPPs, targeting of CPPs towards multiple behaviours and strategies used.ResultsNine thousand six hundred eighty‐one CPPs were identified. On average, communities had 74 different CPPs in place (standard deviation 30), with variation in documented CPPs (range 25–295). Most communities experienced a steady, modest increase in intensity scores over 10 years. CPP targeting scores suggested that communities expanded the focus of their efforts over time to include more behaviours and strategies.ConclusionsFindings of this large‐scale study indicate that great variation exists across communities in the intensity and focus of community interventions being implemented to address childhood obesity.
Amide proton transfer imaging to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Ishigami Kousei , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Takayama Yukihisa , Okamoto Daisuke , Fujita Nobuhiro , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Togao Osamu , Sagiyama Koji , Manabe Tatsuya , Oki Eiji , Kubo Yuichiro , Hida Tomoyuki , Hirahashi‐Fujiwara Minako , Keupp Jochen , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe amount of proteins and peptides can be estimated with amide proton transfer (APT) imaging. Previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of APT imaging to predict tumor malignancy. We determined whether APT imaging can predict the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).MethodsSeventeen patients with LARC who underwent a pretherapeutic magnetic resonance examination including APT imaging and NAC (at least two courses) were enrolled. The APT‐weighted imaging (WI) signal intensity (SI) (%) was defined as magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at the offset of 3.5 ppm. Each tumor was histologically evaluated for the degree of degeneration and necrosis and then classified as one of five histological Grades (0, none; 1a, less than 1/3; 1b, 1/3 to 2/3; 2, more than 2/3; 3, all). We compared the mean APTWI SIs of the tumors between the Grade 0/1a/1b (low‐response group) and Grade 2/3 (high‐response group) by Student's t‐test. We used receiver operating characteristics curves to determine the diagnostic performance of the APTWI SI for predicting the tumor response.ResultsThe mean APTWI SI of the low‐response group (n = 12; 3.05 ± 1.61%) was significantly higher than that of the high‐response group (n = 5; 1.14 ± 1.13%) (P = 0.029). The area under the curve for predicting the tumor response using the APTWI SI was 0.87. When ≥2.75% was used as an indicator of low‐response status, 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity of the APTWI SI were obtained.ConclusionPretherapeutic APT imaging can predict the tumor response to NAC in patients with LARC.
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis on the Wheel Impact Load Detector System of Metro-North Railroad
Authors: Stewart Monique , Pouryousef Hamed , Marquis Brian , Singh Som P. , Cakdi Demet 
Published: June 2018

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has partnered with Metro-North Railroad (MNR), Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and New York & Atlantic Railway (NYA) to enhance operational safety through the implementation of wayside detection systems.
Currently, MNR has a four-track Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD) system that has been operating since 2010 near the Grand Central Terminal. This paper discusses a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis of this existing WILD system in conjunction with the wheel maintenance practices since 2010.
Currently MNR’s operating procedures require a car with wheel(s) exhibiting a vertical peak load/mean load ratio, called dynamic ratio (DR), ≥3.0 to be shopped for repair. The analysis, using a 30-day repair window after detection, shows that 84% of the cars shopped for wheel(s) with DR≥3.0 required valid maintenance repairs.
The minimum number of total false records (false positive + false negative records, combined) were observed within the DR range of 2.7–2.8 when considering wheel flat defects only. An analysis of the false negative records inclusive of both flat and shell spots, showed that the minimum number of false records dropped slightly to a DR range of 2.6–2.7. The reported ROC analysis shows that MNR’s current DR≥3.0 to trigger inspection and maintenance actions is reasonable.
Vibration-Based Defect Detection for Freight Railcar Tapered-Roller Bearings
Authors: Montalvo Joseph , Tarawneh Constantine , Fuentes Arturo A. 
Published: June 2018

The railroad industry currently utilizes two wayside detection systems to monitor the health of freight railcar bearings in service: The Trackside Acoustic Detection System (TADS™) and the wayside Hot-Box Detector (HBD). TADS™ uses wayside microphones to detect and alert the conductor of high risk defects. Many defective bearings may never be detected by TADS™ due to the fact that a high risk defect is considered a spall which spans more than 90% of a bearing’s raceway, and there are less than 20 systems in operation throughout the United States and Canada. Much like the TADS™, the HBD is a device that sits on the side of the rail tracks and uses a non-contact infrared sensor to determine the temperature of the train bearings as they roll over the detector. The accuracy and reliability of the temperature readings from this wayside detection system have been concluded to be inconsistent when comparing several laboratory and field studies. The measured temperatures can be significantly different from the actual operating temperature of the bearings due to several factors such as the class of railroad bearing and its position on the axle relative to the position of the wayside detector. Over the last two decades, a number of severely defective bearings were not identified by several wayside detectors, some of which led to costly catastrophic derailments. In response, certain railroads have attempted to optimize the use of the temperature data acquired by the HBDs. However, this latter action has led to a significant increase in the number of non-verified bearings removed from service. In fact, about 40% of the bearings removed from service in the period from 2001 to 2007 were found to have no discernible defects. The removal of non-verified (defect-free) bearings has resulted in costly delays and inefficiencies.
Driven by the need for more dependable and efficient condition monitoring systems, the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) research team at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) has been developing an advanced onboard condition monitoring system that can accurately and reliably detect the onset of bearing failure. The developed system currently utilizes temperature and vibration signatures to monitor the true condition of a bearing. This system has been validated through rigorous laboratory testing at UTRGV and field testing at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) in Pueblo, CO. The work presented here provides concrete evidence that the use of vibration signatures of a bearing is a more effective method to assess the bearing condition than monitoring temperature alone. The prototype bearing condition monitoring system is capable of identifying a defective bearing with a defect size of less than 6.45 cm2 (1 in2) using the vibration signature, whereas, the temperature profile of that same bearing will indicate a healthy bearing that is operating normally.
Mesenteric adipose tissue contributes to intestinal barrier integrity and protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Wu Zhe , Tan Jiang , Chi Yujing , Zhang Feng , Xu Jun , Song Yang , Cong Xu , Wu Na , Liu Yulan 
Published: June 2018

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), part of the VAT, in NAFLD is unclear. In the present study, we monitored the liver and four depots of the VAT in high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding mice at multiple time points (4, 8, and 12 wk). The MAT had become inflamed by the eighth week of HFD feeding, earlier than other depots of VAT. Furthermore, MAT removal after 8 wk of HFD resulted in more severe steatosis and more foci of inflammation infiltration, as well as higher NAFLD activity scores. Consistent with these findings, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid anabolism genes was increased in the livers of inflamed MAT-removal mice. MAT removal also injured the intestinal barrier and promoted intestinal inflammation. The bacterial load translocated to the liver and circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide were also evaluated in inflamed MAT-removal mice. In a coculture experiment involving adipocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin in CT-26 cells was upregulated and permeability of monolayer Caco-2 cells was elevated under stimulation from adipocytes or inflamed adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MAT removal damaged the intestinal barrier and aggravated NAFLD and that MAT inflammation may be a compensatory response to protect the liver by maintaining the intestinal barrier.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) lies between the gut and liver and plays a critical role in hepatic metabolic diseases. In the present study, we found that the MAT was prone to inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Removal of the inflamed MAT resulted in more hepatic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and decreased glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we showed that the MAT contributed to intestinal barrier integrity, thus clarifying why MAT removal aggravated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
The Right to Healthcare in the Common European Asylum System
Authors: Inglese Marco 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article seeks to ascertain the role of healthcare in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). The article is structured as follows. First, it outlines the international conceptualisation of healthcare in the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the European Social Charter (ESC) before delving into the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Second, focusing on the European Union (EU), it analyses the role of Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter) in order to verify its impact on the development of the CEAS. Third, and in conclusion, it will argue that the identification of the role of healthcare in the CEAS should be understood in light of the Charter’s scope of application. This interpretative approach will be beneficial for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, as well as for the Member States (MSs).
The venous ulcer continues to be a clinical challenge: an update
Authors: Xie Ting , Ye Junna , Rerkasem Kittipan , Mani Rajgopal 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Venous ulcers are a common chronic problem in many countries especially in Northern Europe and USA. The overall prevalence of this condition is 1% rising to 3% in the over 65 years of age. Over the last 25 years, there have been many developments applicable to its diagnosis and treatment. These advances, notwithstanding healing response and recurrence, are variable, and the venous ulcer continues to be a clinical challenge.
The pathogenesis of venous ulcers is unrelieved or ambulatory venous hypertension resulting mostly from deep venous thrombosis leading to venous incompetence, lipodermatosclerosis, leucocyte plugging of the capillaries, tissue hypoxia and microvascular dysfunction. It is not known what initiates venous ulcers. Triggers vary from trauma of the lower extremity to scratching to relieve itchy skin over the ankle region. Venous ulcers can be painful, and this condition presents an increasing burden of care. A systematic analysis of the role of technology used for diagnosis and management strongly supports the use of compression as a mainstay of standardised care. It further shows good evidence for the potential of some treatment procedures to accelerate healing. This article reviews the pathogenetic mechanisms, current diagnostic methods and standard care and its limitations.