bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Sr, Nd, and S Isotopes of Seawater to the Volcanic Eruptions During the Early Middle Triassic, South China
Authors: Shen L. J. , Zhao Y. J. , Zhu Z. J. , Liu C. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe wide distribution of tuff layers, locally named the “green bean rocks” (GBRs) in the Yangtze Block straddling the Early Middle Triassic marine sequence indicates intense volcanic eruption(s). Sr, Nd, and S isotope compositions and trace elements of marine sediments were analyzed spanning the tuff layers to elucidate their responses to the volcanic eruptions and related environmental changes. The Sr isotope compositions of marine sediments are comparable to those of open seawater during the time interval of ca. 245–248 Ma. Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the samples show synchronous increases in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values during the deposition of GBRs. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values are proposed to be caused by the input of volcanic tephra and increased influx of weathering product of mafic rocks (most likely the Emeishan flood basalts). The S isotope compositions of sulfates exhibit a negative shift in the GBRs, which could possibly be attributed to greater input of lighter 32S from weathering products and volcanic eruptions. The variation of Th/U ratios indicate that the GBRs formed in an anoxic environment, resulting from high marine productivity as a consequence of more nutrients from weathering and volcanic materials. The responses of Sr, Nd, and S isotopes to volcanic eruptions during the Early Middle Triassic indicate this event resulted in adverse effects, namely enhanced eutrophication and low O2 levels, acidic precipitation, toxic components, etc., that could cause ecological destruction both on land and in the sea.
A More Transparent Infrared Window
Authors: Mlawer Eli J. , Mascio Jeana , Turner David D. , Payne Vivienne H. , Flynn Connor J. , Pincus Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe infrared window region (780–1,250 cm−1, 12.8 to 8.0 μm) is of great importance to Earth's climate due to its high transparency and thermal energy. We present here a new investigation of the transparency of this spectral region based on observations by interferometers of downwelling surface radiance at two DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program sites. We focus on the dominant source of absorption in this region, the water vapor continuum, and derive updated values of spectral absorption coefficients for both the self and foreign continua. Our results show that the self continuum is too strong in the previous version of Mlawer‐Tobin_Clough‐Kneizys‐Davies (MT_CKD) water vapor continuum model, a result that is consistent with other recent analyses, while the foreign continuum is too weak in MT_CKD. In general, the weaker self continuum derived in this study results in an overall increase in atmospheric transparency in the window, although in atmospheres with low amounts of water vapor the transparency may slightly decrease due to the increase in foreign continuum absorption. These continuum changes lead to a significant decrease in downwelling longwave flux at the surface for moist atmospheres and a modest increase in outgoing longwave radiation. The increased fraction of surface‐leaving radiation that escapes to space leads to a notable increase (∼5–10%) in climate feedback, implying that climate simulations that use the new infrared window continuum will show somewhat less warming than before. This study also points out the possibly important role that aerosol absorption may play in the longwave radiative budget.
Origins of Extreme CAPE Around the World
Authors: Tuckman P. J. , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSevere convection, responsible for hazards such as tornadoes, flash floods, and hail, is usually preceded by abundant convective available potential energy (CAPE). In this work, we use a Lagrangian approach to study the buildup of anomalously large values of CAPE from 2012 to 2013 in various regions. Nearly all extreme values of CAPE arise from surface fluxes underneath a layer of convective inhibition (the CIN layer) over several diurnal cycles, but the origin of the CIN layer and the diurnal cycle of surface fluxes differ around the world. In some regions, such as North America and Europe, the air above the boundary layer must be much warmer than usual to form this CIN layer, whereas in other regions, especially the Middle East and central Africa, a CIN layer is common. Additionally, high CAPE occurrences that are over land (those in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia) tend to lose their CIN layers before the time of maximum CAPE due to large diurnal cycles of sensible heating, whereas those that occur over coastal waters (in the Middle East, Northern Australia, South Asia, and the Mediterranean) usually retain substantial convective inhibition. Uniquely, CAPE in Southeast Australia often builds up due to cooling aloft rather than to boundary layer warming. These results show that one hoping to understand or predict CAPE patterns must understand a variety of mechanisms acting in different regions.
Environmental Controls on Deep and Overshooting Convection Over the Contiguous U.S.
Authors: Bowman Kenneth P. , Rapp Anita D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring the summer season, deep convection over the central United States has a significant impact on the dynamics and composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). These storms transport tropospheric air containing trace gases, ice particles, and aerosols into the UTLS, which can affect chemical and radiative processes over a large region. Because overshooting storms necessarily have strong updrafts, there is a marked correlation between overshooting and the occurrence of severe weather at the surface. Heat released by these storms also helps to drive the North American Monsoon Anticyclone (NAMA) in the UTLS, which partially confines air injected into the stratosphere by overshooting storms. In support of the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) project, this study is a climatological analysis of the environmental factors that affect the occurrence of deep and overshooting storms. Using hourly analyses of overshooting storms based on GridRad radar data and ERA5 reanalyzes, we focus on the roles of convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), jet location, and other relevant dynamical and thermodynamic variables. The results show that northward intrusion of airmasses containing moist high CAPE air from the Gulf of Mexico into the central plains plays a major role in producing the conditions necessary for overshooting storms with other factors playing secondary roles.
Morphology and Climatology of Nighttime Periodic Ionospheric TEC Disturbances Associated With MSTIDs Over China
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Donghe , Zeng Yi , Tian Yaoyu , Yang Guanglin , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the morphology and climatology of the nighttime periodic disturbances associated with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are investigated over the entire China sector from January 2014 to August 2017, using data from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers. Firstly, a comparative case analysis of propagation characteristics reveals the complexity and day‐to‐day variations of nighttime MSTID activity. The main statistical findings indicate that these periodic disturbances predominantly occur during the summer months, with a higher occurrence rate during solar minimum. In summer, the disturbances occur more frequently in regions with lower latitudes (20–35°N) and tend to exhibit an extended duration. In the meantime, some disturbances are also detected at much lower latitudes (<20°N), with noticeable longitudinal differences. Additionally, there are two peaks in the geographic distribution of disturbances, located in the sector of 90–100°E and 105–125°E at lower latitudes, respectively. The distinct spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the two peak disturbance regions suggest that their formation mechanisms should be different. The disturbances in the eastern region exhibit similarities with electrified MSTIDs, which are closely related to Perkins instability, whereas the western disturbance region does not display apparent movement, but exhibits a higher occurrence rate and longer durations, which may be attributed to the frequent upward propagation of GWs in the southeastern region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
Building the Albanides by Deep Underplating
Authors: Rossetti F. , Fellin M. G. , Ballato P. , Faccenna C. , Balestrieri M. L. , Muceku B. , Rondenay S. , Maesano F. E. , Crosetto S. , Durmischi C. , Bazzucchi C. , Maden C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubduction orogens grow by accretion of slices of continental lithosphere scraped off the downgoing slab. Although seismological and geophysical data now illuminate the deep structure of these orogens, understanding deep crustal underplating dynamics remains challenging. This study focuses on the Albanides, a subduction orogen in the central‐eastern Mediterranean, formed by the accretion of continental material during the eastward subduction of Adria beneath Eurasia. The thickening at depth of the crustal edifice occurred along with the development of a shallow fold‐and‐thrust belt. This process involved the deposition of progressively younger syn‐orogenic deposits as deformation migrated SW‐ward from the Cretaceous to the Miocene. To explore the relationship between deep‐seated structures and surface deformation, we investigate the recent crustal thickening of the Albanides using low‐temperature thermochronology and 3D thermokinematic modeling of a seismically constrained crustal section. Our data reveal a pulse of exhumation during the latest Miocene‐Pliocene, amounting to approximately 3–4 km, which we propose has been driven by a deep‐seated thrust system imaged by receiver function images. These inferences have significant implications for understanding the interactions between deep and shallow crustal processes and their role in shaping the Albanides. Furthermore, they provide insights into the timing and kinematics of subduction‐related orogenic processes and, potentially, on the separation of the Adria plate from Africa.
Membraneless organelles in health and disease: exploring the molecular basis, physiological roles and pathological implications
Authors: Li Yangxin , Liu Yuzhe , Yu Xi-Yong , Xu Yan , Pan Xiangbin , Sun Yi , Wang Yanli , Song Yao-Hua , Shen Zhenya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOnce considered unconventional cellular structures, membraneless organelles (MLOs), cellular substructures involved in biological processes or pathways under physiological conditions, have emerged as central players in cellular dynamics and function. MLOs can be formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), resulting in the creation of condensates. From neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, aging, and metabolism to cancer, the influence of MLOs on human health and disease extends widely. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of LLPS, the biophysical properties that drive MLO formation, and their implications for cellular function. We highlight recent advances in understanding how the physicochemical environment, molecular interactions, and post-translational modifications regulate LLPS and MLO dynamics. This review offers an overview of the discovery and current understanding of MLOs and biomolecular condensate in physiological conditions and diseases. This article aims to deliver the latest insights on MLOs and LLPS by analyzing current research, highlighting their critical role in cellular organization. The discussion also covers the role of membrane-associated condensates in cell signaling, including those involving T-cell receptors, stress granules linked to lysosomes, and biomolecular condensates within the Golgi apparatus. Additionally, the potential of targeting LLPS in clinical settings is explored, highlighting promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
Renal remodeling by CXCL10-CXCR3 axis-recruited mesenchymal stem cells and subsequent IL4I1 secretion in lupus nephritis
Authors: Zhang Qixiang , Shan Yunlong , Shen Luping , Ni Qi , Wang Dandan , Wen Xin , Xu Huanke , Liu Xiaoyan , Zeng Zhu , Yang Jingwen , Wang Yukai , Liu Jiali , Su Yueyan , Wei Ning , Wang Jing , Sun Lingyun , Wang Guangji , Zhou Fang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have shown potential as a therapeutic option for lupus nephritis (LN), particularly in patients refractory to conventional treatments. Despite extensive translational research on MSCs, the precise mechanisms by which MSCs migrate to the kidney and restore renal function remain incompletely understood. Here, we aim to clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics of hUC-MSC migration into LN kidneys and their interactions with host cells in microenvironment. This study elucidates that the migration of hUC-MSCs to the LN kidney is driven by elevated levels of CXCL10, predominantly produced by glomerular vascular endothelial cells through the IFN-γ/IRF1-KPNA4 pathway. Interestingly, the blockade of CXCL10-CXCR3 axis impedes the migration of hUC-MSCs to LN kidney and negatively impacts therapeutic outcomes. Single cell-RNA sequencing analysis underscores the importance of this axis in mediating the regulatory effects of hUC-MSCs on the renal immune environment. Furthermore, hUC-MSCs have been observed to induce and secrete interleukin 4 inducible gene 1 (IL4I1) in response to the microenvironment of LN kidney, thereby suppressing Th1 cells. Genetically ablating IL4I1 in hUC-MSCs abolishes their therapeutic effects and prevents the inhibition of CXCR3+ Th1 cell infiltration into LN kidneys. This study provides valuable insights into the significant involvement of CXCL10-CXCR3 axis in hUC-MSC migration to the LN kidneys and the subsequent remodeling of renal immune microenvironment. Regulating the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis and IL4I1 secretion may be developed as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve treatment outcomes of LN.
EphrinB2-mediated CDK5/ISL1 pathway enhances cardiac lymphangiogenesis and alleviates ischemic injury by resolving post-MI inflammation
Authors: Bai Yingnan , Chen Liming , Guo Fanghao , Zhang Jinghong , Hu Jinlin , Tao Xuefei , Lu Qing , Li Wenyi , Chen Xueying , Gong Ting , Qiu Nan , Jin Yawei , Yang Lifan , Lei Yu , Ruan Chengchao , Jing Qing , Cooke John P. , Wang Shijun , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEphrinB2 (erythropoietin-producing hepatoma interactor B2) is a key Eph/ephrin family member, promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis during embryonic development. However, the role of EphrinB2 in cardiac lymphangiogenesis following myocardial infarction (MI) and the potential molecular mechanism remains to be demonstrated. This study revealed that EphrinB2 prevented ischemic heart post-MI from remodeling and dysfunction by activating the cardiac lymphangiogenesis signaling pathway. Deletion of EphrinB2 impaired cardiac lymphangiogenesis and aggravated adverse cardiac remodeling and ventricular dysfunction post-MI. At the same time, overexpression of EphrinB2 stimulated cardiac lymphangiogenesis which facilitated cardiac infiltrating macrophage drainage and reduced inflammation in the ischemic heart. The beneficial effects of EphrinB2 on improving clearance of inflammatory response and cardiac function were abolished in Lyve1 knockout mice. Mechanistically, EphrinB2 accelerated cell cycling and lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and migration by activating CDK5 and CDK5-dependent ISL1 nuclear translocation. EphrinB2 enhanced the transcriptional activity of ISL1 at the VEGFR3 (FLT4) promoter, and VEGFR3 inhibitor MAZ51 significantly diminished the EphrinB2-mediated lymphangiogenesis and deteriorated the ischemic cardiac function. We uncovered a novel mechanism of EphrinB2-driven cardiac lymphangiogenesis in improving myocardial remodeling and function after MI.
NOTCH3 promotes malignant progression of bladder cancer by directly regulating SPP1 and activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Changxue , Ge Huaixi , Shen Chengquan , Hu Ding , Zhao Xinzhao , Qin Ruize , Wang Yonghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe biological role and precise molecular mechanisms of Notch receptor 3 (NOTCH3) in the malignant progression of bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear. In this study, we found that NOTCH3 was significantly upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in BLCA patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that NOTCH3 knockdown inhibited BLCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion and significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo as well. Mechanically, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that NOTCH3 could promote the transcription of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), a potential downstream target gene of NOTCH3, by binding to the CSL elements in the SPP1 promoter. Moreover, we also found that targeting NOTCH3 inhibited BLCA growth and metastasis by suppressing the SPP1-PI3K/AKT axis. Our study highlights the critical role of NOTCH3-SPP1-PI3K/AKT axis in the malignant progression of BLCA, suggesting that NOTCH3 may be a potential therapeutic target for BLCA.
NEDD4L contributes to ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by facilitating xCT ubiquitination
Authors: Chen Zhen , Wang Weilong , Hou Jinghan , Gao Can , Song Meili , Zhao Zijun , Guan Ruirui , Chen Jingsheng , Wu Huicheng , Abdul Razak Siti Razila , Han Tao , Zhang Junbo , Wang Lidong , Ahmad Nor Hazwani , Li Xiumin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe oncogene xCT plays an indispensable role in tumor growth by protecting cancer cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Emerging evidence indicated xCT function is tightly controlled by posttranslational modifications, especially ubiquitination. However, it still remains unclear what specific regulatory mechanism of xCT by ubiquitin ligases in human cancers. Here, we reported that NEDD4L, an E3 ubiquitin ligases, inhibited esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor growth and facilitated ferroptosis by ubiquitination of xCT. NEDD4L expression was declined in ESCC and was associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Silencing NEDD4L triggered ESCC tumor growth. Meanwhile, knock down of NEDD4L prevented the accumulation of ROS, elevated the level of GSH, reduced the content of MDA in ESCC cells, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, NEDD4L directly bound to the ∆CT domain of xCT through its WW and HECT domain. More importantly, NEDD4L promoted xCT degradation by facilitating its polyubiquitination in ESCC cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that NEDD4L is crucial in governing the stability of xCT and mediating ferroptosis in ESCC.
CRISPR screens and lectin microarrays identify high mannose N-glycan regulators
Authors: Tsui C. Kimberly , Twells Nicholas , Durieux Jenni , Doan Emma , Woo Jacqueline , Khosrojerdi Noosha , Brooks Janiya , Kulepa Ayodeji , Webster Brant , Mahal Lara K. , Dillin Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlycans play critical roles in cellular signaling and function. Unlike proteins, glycan structures are not templated from genetic sequences but synthesized by the concerted activity of many genes, making them historically challenging to study. Here, we present a strategy that utilizes CRISPR screens and lectin microarrays to uncover and characterize regulators of glycosylation. We applied this approach to study the regulation of high mannose glycans – the starting structure of all asparagine(N)-linked-glycans. We used CRISPR screens to uncover the expanded network of genes controlling high mannose levels, followed by lectin microarrays to fully measure the complex effect of select regulators on glycosylation globally. Through this, we elucidated how two high mannose regulators – TM9SF3 and the CCC complex – control complex N-glycosylation via regulating Golgi morphology and function. Notably, this allows us to interrogate Golgi function in-depth and reveals that similar disruption to Golgi morphology can lead to drastically different glycosylation outcomes. Collectively, this work demonstrates a generalizable approach for systematically dissecting the regulatory network underlying glycosylation.
Complex charge density waves in simple electronic systems of two-dimensional III2–VI3 materials
Authors: Huang Yu-Ting , Li Zhen-Ze , Chen Nian-Ke , Wang Yeliang , Sun Hong-Bo , Zhang Shengbai , Li Xian-Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCharge density wave (CDW) is the phenomenon of a material that undergoes a spontaneous lattice distortion and modulation of the electron density. Typically, the formation of CDW is attributed to Fermi surface nesting or electron-phonon coupling, where the CDW vector (QCDW) corresponds to localized extreme points of electronic susceptibility or imaginary phonon frequencies. Here, we propose a new family of multiple CDW orders, including chiral Star-of-David configuration in nine 2D III2–VI3 van der Waals materials, backed by first-principles calculations. The distinct feature of this system is the presence of large and flat imaginary frequencies in the optical phonon branch across the Brillouin zone, which facilitates the formation of the diverse CDW phases. The electronic structures of 2D III2–VI3 materials are relatively simple, with only III-s,p and VI-p orbitals contributing to the formation of the CDW order. Despite that, the CDW transitions involve both metal-to-insulator and insulator-to-insulator transitions, accompanied by a significant increase in the bandgap caused by an enhanced electronic localization. Our study not only reveals a new dimension in the family of 2D CDWs, but is also expected to offer deeper insights into the origins of the CDWs.
Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth
Authors: Marchal Shannon , Choukér Alexander , Bereiter-Hahn Jürgen , Kraus Armin , Grimm Daniela , Krüger Marcus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrom the start of life on Earth, several immune defense mechanisms have evolved to guarantee cellular integrity, homeostasis, and host survival. All these sophisticated balances as shaped by and towards the environmental needs have occurred over hundreds of millions of years. Human spaceflight involves various health hazards, such as higher levels of radiation, altered gravity, isolation and confinement, living in tight quarters, and stress associated with being away from home. A growing body of evidence points towards immunological changes in astronauts, including heightened pro-inflammatory responses, reactivation of latent viruses, and cell-mediated alterations, reflecting a dysbalanced state in astronauts. Simultaneously, enhanced pathogenicity, virulence, and drug resistance properties of microorganisms tip the scale out of favor for prolonged stay in space. As we have learned from the past, we see potential for the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout evolutionary history, to adapt to the space exposome. It is unlikely that this will happen in the short time frames set for current space exploration missions. Instead, major risks to astronaut health need to be addressed first, before humans can safely evolve into the space environment.