bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involving patients with dementia in decisions to initiate treatment: effect on patient acceptance, satisfaction and medication prescription
Authors: Dooley Jemima , Bass Nick , Livingston Gill , McCabe Rose 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundShared decision-making is advocated but may be affected by cognitive impairment. Measures of shared decision-making provide global descriptions of communication without detailed analysis of the subtle ways in which doctors invite patient input.AimsWe aimed to explore medication decisions in dementia, using a standardised Treatment Recommendation Coding Scheme.MethodWe analysed 71 video-recorded dementia diagnostic meetings from nine memory clinics. Recommendations were coded as pronouncements (‘I will start you on medication’), proposals (‘Shall we try medication?’), suggestions (‘Would you like to try medication?’), offers (‘I can prescribe medication’) or assertions (‘There is medication’). Patient responses were coded as acceptance (‘I'd like to have that’), active resistance (‘I'm not very keen’) and passive resistance (minimal or no response). Cognitive test scores, prescription rates and satisfaction were assessed and associations were explored.ResultsDoctors used suggestions in 42% of meetings, proposals in 25%, assertions in 13%, pronouncements in 11% and offers in 9%. Over 80% of patients did not indicate clear acceptance. Patients were most likely to actively resist after suggestions. There was no association between cognitive impairment and recommendation format. Patients were less satisfied with pronouncements. Patient preference did not influence whether medication was prescribed.ConclusionsDoctors initially nominate people with dementia as the decision maker, and this is unaffected by cognitive impairment. Over 80% of patients resisted starting medication, mostly through passive resistance, the most common form of disagreement in communication. Medication still tended to be prescribed, indicating that factors other than patient preference affect prescription.Declarations of interestNone.
Revisiting the role of metabolism during development
Authors: Miyazawa Hidenobu , Aulehla Alexander 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAn emerging view emphasizes that metabolism is highly regulated in both time and space. In addition, it is increasingly being recognized that metabolic pathways are tightly connected to specific biological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation. As we obtain a better view of this spatiotemporal regulation of metabolism, and of the molecular mechanisms that connect metabolism and signaling, we can now move from largely correlative to more functional studies. It is, therefore, a particularly promising time to revisit how metabolism can affect multiple aspects of animal development. In this Review, we discuss how metabolism is mechanistically linked to cellular and developmental programs through both its bioenergetic and metabolic signaling functions. We highlight how metabolism is regulated across various spatial and temporal scales, and discuss how this regulation can influence cellular processes such as cell signaling, gene expression, and epigenetic and post-translational modifications during embryonic development.
Diurnal variation in the proinflammatory activity of urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by in vitro assays
Authors: Lovett Christopher , Cacciottolo Mafalda , Shirmohammadi Farimah , Haghani Amin , Morgan Todd E. , Sioutas Constantinos , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) undergoes diurnal changes in chemical composition due to photochemical oxidation. In this study we examine the relationships between oxidative activity and inflammatory responses associated with these diurnal chemical changes. Because secondary PM contains a higher fraction of oxidized PM species, we hypothesized that PM2.5 collected during afternoon hours would induce a greater inflammatory response than primary, morning PM2.5. Methods: Time-integrated aqueous slurry samples of ambient PM2.5 were collected using a direct aerosol-into-liquid collection system during defined morning and afternoon time periods. PM2.5 samples were collected for 5 weeks in the late summer (August-September) of 2016 at a central Los Angeles site. Morning samples, largely consisting of fresh primary traffic emissions (primary PM), were collected from 6-9am (am-PM2.5), and afternoon samples were collected from 12-4pm (pm-PM2.5), when PM composition is dominated by products of photochemical oxidation (secondary PM). The two diurnally phased PM2.5 slurries (am- and pm-PM2.5) were characterized for chemical composition and BV-2 microglia were assayed in vitro for oxidative and inflammatory gene responses. Results: Contrary to expectations, the am-PM2.5 slurry had more proinflammatory activity than the pm-PM2.5 slurry as revealed by nitric oxide (NO) induction, as well as the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 (MCP-1), as assessed by messenger RNA production. Conclusions: The diurnal differences observed in this study may be in part attributed to the greater content of transition metals and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) of am-PM2.5 (primary PM) vs. pm-PM2.5 (secondary PM), as these two classes of compounds can increase PM2.5 toxicity.
TRGAted: A web tool for survival analysis using protein data in the Cancer Genome Atlas.
Authors: Borcherding Nicholas , Bormann Nicholas L. , Voigt Andrew P. , Zhang Weizhou 
Published: October 2018

Reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPAs) are a highthroughput approach to protein quantification utilizing antibody-based micro-to-nano scale dot blot. Within the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), RPPAs were used to quantify over 200 proteins in 8,167 tumor and metastatic samples. Protein-level data has particular advantages in assessing putative prognostic or therapeutic targets in tumors. However, many of the available pipelines do not allow for the partitioning of clinical and RPPA information to make meaningful conclusions. We developed a cloud-based application, TRGAted to enable researchers to better examine patient survival based on single or multiple proteins across 31 cancer types in the TCGA. TRGAted contains up-to-date overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free interval and progression-free interval information. Furthermore, survival information for primary tumor samples can be stratified based on gender, age, tumor stage, histological type, and subtype, allowing for highly adaptive and intuitive user experience. The code and processed data are open sourced and available on github and contains a tutorial built into the application for assisting users.
The development of a positive behaviour support programme for families following acquired brain injury
Authors: Fisher Alinka , Bellon Michelle , Lawn Sharon , Lennon Sheila 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: Families require more specialised support to manage behaviours of concern following acquired brain injury within community settings. Evidence supports the involvement of family caregivers in behaviour interventions, however there are no validated behaviour support approaches for individuals with acquired brain injury emphasising family involvement. This research aims to (1) gain insight from rehabilitation professionals and family caregivers on best practice in behaviour support following acquired brain injury in community settings, and (2) obtain feedback on the proposed Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support Programme, which aims to enhance the capability of family caregivers in supporting behavioural changes in an individual following acquired brain injury. Methods: Rehabilitation professionals (n=8) and family caregivers (n=3) completed a three-round Delphi study with the aim of reaching consensus (75% agreement) regarding research objectives. Findings: All items presented regarding best practice in supporting family caregivers with behaviour support reached consensus. Results were used to refine the content and format of delivery of the Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support programme. Conclusions: Findings suggest an agreement regarding what support is needed, yet this is still not being provided. The Delphi process has made significant contribution to the Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support programme, which aims to inform a family-directed approach to behaviour support following acquired brain injury in community settings.
Parent Engagement in the Transition From School to Adult Life Through Culturally Sustaining Practices: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wilt Courtney L. , Morningstar Mary E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The increasingly diverse population in the United States calls for schools to address the breadth of cultural histories students bring with them to the classroom. High school students with disabilities are also diverse in terms of cultural histories, race, ethnicities, religions, and citizenship. These factors intersect as families engage in planning for the transition to adulthood. A requisite for culturally diverse families with young adults who receive services under the educational category of intellectual disability (ID) are school professionals who can meaningfully collaborate. This review of literature from peer-reviewed journals seeks to understand if culturally responsive practices are utilized with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families during transition planning. This review also explored whether culturally sustaining practices strengthen partnerships between teachers and CLD families and adolescents with disabilities, including those with ID. Implications are associated with how teachers can perceive diversity from a strengths perspective as a vital component of transition planning.
Hispanic Caregiver Experiences Supporting Positive Postschool Outcomes for Young Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Gross Judith M. S. , Lavín Carlos E. , Velazquez Lu Ankely Casarez , Sheets Nicholas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The rate of competitive employment, or employment in community settings for minimum wage or higher, of working-age individuals with disabilities trails behind individuals without disabilities in the United States. These statistics are even more alarming among Hispanic individuals who have disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the negative and positive experiences of Hispanic caregivers from a Midwestern state as they support their family members with disabilities to achieve positive postschool outcomes, including competitive employment. We conducted semistructured interviews with 13 caregivers of family members with disabilities aged 14–25 years. Three key themes emerged from our analysis: (a) negative experiences with school educators, (b) negative experiences with community-based service providers, and (c) positive experiences and strategies for overcoming barriers. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Empowerment and Resilience in Families of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Caldwell Jillian A. , Jones Jennifer L. , Gallus Kami L. , Henry Carolyn S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Using the family resilience model, we examined the association between empowerment, family member age, length of institutionalization, and resilience among family members of relatives with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) following deinstitutionalization. Participants included 56 family members whose relatives with IDD recently transitioned to community living. Results strongly indicate empowerment plays a key role in positive family adaptation. Thus, following a relative's move from an institution to the community, empowerment is a promising form of protection that holds potential to increase family resilience. The results of the current study support the family resilience model as a foundation for future research regarding how families navigate significant transitions throughout the lifespan. Implications for practice and policy are provided.
Map Projection Education in General Cartography Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Kessler Fritz 
Published: October 2018

As developments in the field of map projections occur (e.g., the deriving of a new map projection), it would be reasonable to expect that those developments that are important from a teaching standpoint would be included in cartography textbooks. However, researchers have not examined whether map projection material presented in cartography textbooks is keeping pace with developments in the field and whether that material is important for cartography students to learn. To provide such an assessment, I present the results of a content analysis of projection material discussed in 24 cartography textbooks published during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Results suggest that some material, such as projection properties, was discussed in all textbooks across the study period. Other material, such as methods used to illustrate distortion patterns, and the importance of datums, was either inconsistently presented or rarely mentioned. Comparing recent developments in projections to the results of the content analysis, I offer three recommendations that future cartography textbooks should follow when considering what projection material is important. First, textbooks should discuss the importance that defining a coordinate system has in the digital environment. Second, textbooks should summarize the results from experimental studies that provide insights into how map readers understand projections and how to choose appropriate map projections. Third, textbooks should review the impacts of technology on projections, such as the web Mercator projection, programming languages, and the challenges of projecting raster data.
A Review on Evaluation of Wireless Medical Monitoring Schemes and Analysis over Shared Operating Frequency Bands
Authors: Boselin Prabhu S. R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Wireless technology greatly created a transformation in healthcare and thereby removed the usage of cables, which were typically employed as an interweave amid hospital patients, thereby enabling the whole thing from remote access to connectivity amid monitoring devices. Numerous portable medical gadgets integrate wireless technology that might result in risks for life-support gadgets and similar applications. For ensuring amenability and preventing interferences, a need to validate the medical device with electromagnetic compatibility standards becomes mandatory. Protective patient privacy is deemed to be an energetic characteristic towards isolated patient monitoring schemes. Considering the rise in the quantity of feasible wireless medicinal products, they engage different wireless standards, and measured data have been transported at dissimilar rates. Thus, the foremost significant movement is towards supplementing the quantity of integration in wireless medical monitoring schemes. Similarly, the applications of implantable and ingestible wireless medical approaches are becoming increased, as they offer access to data collecting and data which was previously dreadful. Hence, there becomes a bigger possibility of improving the exactness of wireless positioning arrangements. In this article, a review on the evaluation of wireless medical monitoring schemes and analysis over shared operating frequency bands has been evaluated in a state-of-art manner; thereby, every structure has the potential to assist doctors for improving the dominance in lives of patients, thus application developments are properly discussed for progressing with these implements. Every device considered in this article is identical with each other in their elementary contrivances. However, they get fine-tuned in service towards different applications. Hence, every device entailed here is positioned to fit within the operating frequencies, either at 2.4 GHz or 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. A brief review has been made on these upcoming and prevailing strategies, like a wireless blood pressure cuff, wireless oximeter, wireless electrocardiogram monitoring, wireless electroencephalography headset, wireless glucometer, wireless blood pressure monitoring system, wireless alcoholmeter, wireless capsule camera, wireless triangulating position of objective instruments, wireless sensor network-based monitoring scheme, wireless posture monitoring scheme, wireless acceleration sensor, wireless gait analysis arrangement, wireless telemetry strain gauging humerus implant, wireless monitoring using a microelectromechanical system and application-specific integrated circuit, wireless telemetry stress monitoring knee implant, and wireless protein detection device.
DICER1 mutation and pituitary prolactinoma
Authors: Cotton Ellena , Ray David 
Published: October 2018

Summary
A young woman carrying germline DICER1 mutation was discovered to have a pituitary microprolactinoma when she became amenorrhoic. The mutation was identified as a result of family screening following the early death of the patient’s daughter with ovarian cancer. The patient was in follow-up screening for thyroid disease, and investigations were initiated when she became amenorrhoic. MR scan revealed a 6 mm diameter pituitary microadenoma and raised prolactin. The prolactin was efficiently suppressed with low-dose cabergoline, and her menstrual cycles resumed. Dicer is an RNase enzyme, which is essential for processing small non-coding RNAs. These molecules play pleiotropic roles in regulating gene expression, by targeting mRNA sequences for degradation. DICER1 plays different roles depending on cell context, but is thought to be a functional tumour suppressor gene. Accordingly, germline mutation in one DICER1 allele is insufficient for oncogenesis, and a second hit on the other allele is required, as a result of postnatal somatic mutation. Loss of DICER1 is linked to multiple tumours, with prominent endocrine representation. Multinodular goitre is frequent, with increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Rare, developmental pituitary tumours are reported, including pituitary blastoma, but not reports of functional pituitary adenomas. As DICER1 mutations are rare, case reports are the only means to identify new manifestations and to inform appropriate screening protocols.

Learning points:

DICER1 mutations lead to endocrine tumours.

DICER1 is required for small non-coding RNA expression.

DICER1 carriage and microprolactinoma are both rare, but here are reported in the same individual, suggesting association.

Endocrine follow-up of patients carrying DICER1 mutations should consider pituitary disease.
Characterization of Genetic and Epigenetic Variation in Sperm and Red Blood Cells from Adult Hatchery and Natural-Origin Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Gavery Mackenzie R , Nichols Krista M , Goetz Giles W , Middleton Mollie A , Swanson Penny 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While the goal of most conservation hatchery programs is to produce fish that are genetically and phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild stocks they aim to restore, there is considerable evidence that salmon and steelhead reared in hatcheries differ from wild fish in phenotypic traits related to fitness. Some evidence suggests that these phenotypic differences have a genetic basis (e.g., domestication selection) but another likely mechanism that remains largely unexplored is that differences between hatchery and wild populations arise as a result of environmentally-induced heritable epigenetic change. As a first step toward understanding the potential contribution of these two possible mechanisms, we describe genetic and epigenetic variation in hatchery and natural-origin adult steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from the Methow River, WA. Our main objectives were to determine if hatchery and natural-origin fish could be distinguished genetically and whether differences in epigenetic programming (DNA methylation) in somatic and germ cells could be detected between the two groups. Genetic analysis of 72 fish using 936 SNPs generated by Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq) did not reveal differentiation between hatchery and natural-origin fish at a population level. We performed Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) on a subset of 10 hatchery and 10 natural-origin fish and report the first genome-wide characterization of somatic (red blood cells (RBCs)) and germ line (sperm) derived DNA methylomes in a salmonid, from which we identified considerable tissue-specific methylation. We identified 85 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in RBCs and 108 DMRs in sperm of steelhead reared for their first year in a hatchery environment compared to those reared in the wild. This work provides support that epigenetic mechanisms may serve as a link between hatchery rearing and adult phenotype in steelhead; furthermore, DMRs identified in germ cells (sperm) highlight the potential for these changes to be passed on to future generations.
Replicability of Introgression Under Linked, Polygenic Selection
Authors: Sachdeva Himani , Barton Nicholas H 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We study how a block of genome with a large number of weakly selected loci introgresses under directional selection into a genetically homogeneous population. We derive exact expressions for the expected rate of growth of any fragment of the introduced block during the initial phase of introgression, and show that the growth rate of a single-locus variant is largely insensitive to its own additive effect, but depends instead on the combined effect of all loci within a characteristic linkage scale. The expected growth rate of a fragment is highly correlated with its long-term introgression probability in populations of moderate size, and can hence identify variants that are likely to introgress across replicate populations. We clarify how the introgression probability of an individual variant is determined by the interplay between hitchhiking with relatively large fragments during the early phase of introgression and selection on fine-scale variation within these, which at longer times results in differential introgression probabilities for beneficial and deleterious loci within successful fragments. By simulating individuals, we also investigate how introgression probabilities at individual loci depend on the variance of fitness effects, the net fitness of the introduced block, and the size of the recipient population, and how this shapes the net advance under selection. Our work suggests that even highly replicable substitutions may be associated with a range of selective effects, which makes it challenging to fine map the causal loci that underlie polygenic adaptation.
Forever young? The crisis of generational renewal on Canada's farms
Authors: Qualman Darrin , Akram-Lodhi A. Haroon , Desmarais Annette Aurélie , Srinivasan Sharada 
Published: October 2018

There are fewer and fewer young people actively farming in Canada. Farmers under the age of 35 are leaving farming at twice the rate of the general farm population. As a result, Canada faces a crisis of generational renewal on its farms. This article explores the factors that mitigate against young people taking up farming. Using an analytical framework in part derived from the work of Henry Bernstein and applied to Statistics Canada data, the article demonstrates that there is an ongoing income crisis, a growing problem of farmland accessibility and costs associated with farm machinery, unrestrained increases in the power and profit-share of agribusiness transnationals, and a retreat of governments from public-interest regulation. In doing so, the article provides an evidence-based analysis of the structural factors and forces driving Canada's crisis of generational renewal on its farms.