bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Definition Zoom Mode: A High Resolution X‐ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures
Authors: Setlur Nagesh Swetadri Vasan , Vakharia Kunal , Waqas Muhammad , Fennell Vernard S. , Atwal Gursant S. , Shallwani Hussain , Bednarek Daniel R. , Davies Jason M. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Mokin Maxim , Rudin Stephen , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVisualization of structural details of treatment devices during neurointerventional procedures can be challenging. A new true two‐resolution imaging X‐ray detector system features a 194 µm pixel conventional flat‐panel detector (FPD) mode and a 76 µm pixel high‐resolution high‐definition (Hi‐Def) zoom mode in one detector panel. The Hi‐Def zoom mode was developed for use in interventional procedures requiring superior image quality over a small field of view (FOV). We report successful use of this imaging system during intracranial aneurysm treatment in 1 patient with a Pipeline‐embolization device and 1 patient with a low‐profile visualized intramural support (LVIS Blue) device plus adjunctive coiling.METHODSA guide catheter was advanced from the femoral artery insertion site to the proximity of each lesion using standard FPD mode. Under magnified small FOV Hi‐Def imaging mode, an intermediate catheter and microcatheters were guided to the treatment site, and the PED and LVIS Blue plus coils were deployed. Radiation doses were tracked intraprocedurally.RESULTSCritical details, including structural changes in the PED and LVIS Blue and position and movement of the microcatheter tip within the coil mass, were more readily apparent in Hi‐Def mode. Skin‐dose mapping indicated that Hi‐Def mode limited radiation exposure to the smaller FOV of the treatment area.CONCLUSIONSVisualization of device structures was much improved in the high‐resolution Hi‐Def mode, leading to easier, more controlled deployment of stents and coils than conventional FPD mode.
Melatonin prevents cadmium‐induced bone damage: First evidence on an improved osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation balance of mesenchymal stem cells as underlying mechanism
Authors: Knani Latifa , Bartolini Desirée , Kechiche Safa , Tortoioli Cristina , Murdolo Giuseppe , Moretti Massimo , Messaoudi Imed , Reiter Russel J. , Galli Francesco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) plays a role in preserving bone health, a function that may depend on homeostatic effects on both mature osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the bone tissue. In this study, these functions of MLT have been investigated in rat bone (femur) and in human adipose MSC (hMSC) during chronic exposure to low‐grade cadmium (Cd) toxicity, a serious public health concern. The in vivo findings demonstrate that MLT protects against Cd‐induced bone metabolism disruption and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes, a cue of impaired osteogenic potential of skeletal MSC niches. This latter symptom was recapitulated in hMSCs in which Cd toxicity stimulated adipogenic differentiation. MLT was found to rescue, at least in part, the osteogenic differentiation properties of these cells. This study reports on a new bone cytoprotection function of MLT pertinent to Cd toxicity and its interfering effect on skeletal MSC differentiation properties that is worth investigating for its possible impact on human bone pathophysiology.
Future Avenues for Educational Neuroscience From the Perspective of EARLI SIG 22 Conference Attendees
Authors: Brookman‐Byrne Annie , Commissar Lia 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe 2018 EARLI SIG 22 Neuroscience and Education conference aimed to facilitate the discussion and sharing of research and translation in educational neuroscience. In this article, we first describe and evaluate the approach taken in organizing the conference, which followed recommendations from the educational neuroscience community. We then summarize responses to a survey that captured delegates' visions of research and translation, their intentions following the conference, and the support they need moving forward. From 88 completed surveys, we first note a common desire for more discussions and collaborations across disciplines, and between teachers and researchers. We highlight particularly novel ideas that are not frequently addressed in the community so far, including discussion of ethical issues, inclusion of learners in research development, open resources for teacher training in neuroscience, and mentoring networks for community members. In sharing these ideas, we highlight future directions for the field as it continues to develop.
Reference and the ambiguity of truth‐value judgments
Authors: Domaneschi Filippo , Vignolo Massimiliano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMartí argued that referential intuitions are not the right kind of empirical evidence for testing theories of reference. Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc replied with a survey aimed at providing evidence that referential intuitions are in sync with truth‐value judgments and argued that truth‐value judgments provide empirical data from linguistic usage. We present the results of a survey indicating that Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc's experiment fails to overcome Martí's objection: The truth‐value judgements tested by Machery, Olivola, and De Blanc do not provide data relevant for testing theories of reference.
Determinants of target prioritization and regulatory hierarchy for the bacterial small RNA SgrS
Authors: Bobrovskyy Maksym , Azam Muhammad S. , Frandsen Jane K. , Zhang Jichuan , Poddar Anustup , Ma Xiangqian , Henkin Tina M. , Ha Taekjip , Vanderpool Carin K. 
Published: July 2019

SummarySmall RNA (sRNA) regulators promote efficient responses to stress, but the mechanisms for prioritizing target mRNA regulation remain poorly understood. This study examines mechanisms underlying hierarchical regulation by the sRNA SgrS, found in enteric bacteria and produced under conditions of metabolic stress. SgrS posttranscriptionally coordinates a nine‐gene regulon to restore growth and homeostasis. An in vivo reporter system quantified SgrS‐dependent regulation of target genes and established that SgrS exhibits a clear target preference. Regulation of some targets is efficient even at low SgrS levels, whereas higher SgrS concentrations are required to regulate other targets. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that RNA structure and the number and position of base pairing sites relative to the start of translation impact the efficiency of regulation of SgrS targets. The RNA chaperone Hfq uses distinct modes of binding to different SgrS mRNA targets, which differentially influences positive and negative regulation. The RNA degradosome plays a larger role in regulation of some SgrS targets compared to others. Collectively, our results suggest that sRNA selection of target mRNAs and regulatory hierarchy are influenced by several molecular features and that the combination of these features precisely tunes the efficiency of regulation of multi‐target sRNA regulons.
Comparison of Transverse Cancellous Lag Screw and Ordinary Cannulated Screw Fixations in Treatment of Vertical Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Dong Qiang , Han Zhe , Zhang Yin‐Guang , Sun Xiang , Ma Xin‐Long 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical therapeutic effect of transverse cancellous lag screw (TCLS) fixations and ordinary cannulated screw (OCS) fixations for vertical femoral neck fractures.MethodsA total of 62 eligible patients with an average age of 56.2 years (range, 19–45 years; 40 male and 22 female) with Pauwels’ type III femoral neck fractures were recruited in our study from January 2016 to December 2017. Among the patients, 30 underwent TCLS fixation (TCLS group), and the others were treated with OCS fixation (OCS group). The baseline data, perioperative outcomes (operative time, intra‐operative blood loss, reduction quality, and hospital time), postoperative outcomes evaluated by a variety of scales including visual analogue scale (VAS) score, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and Harris hip scores (HHS), and complications (nonunion, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and failure of fixation) of the two groups were recorded to compare at 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time of included patients was 13.4 ± 1.6 months in the TCLS group and 13.7 ± 0.9 months in the OCS group. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data as well as perioperative outcomes, including operative time, intra‐operative blood loss, the hemoglobin difference before and after treatment, quality of reduction, and hospital time between two groups. Likewise, the VAS score, the EQ‐5D score, and complications rates including nonunion and femoral head necrosis had no distinct difference in two groups. However, HHS in the TCLS group were superior to those in the OCS group at 12‐month follow‐up, and the femoral neck shortening rate was prominently reduced in the TCLS group when compared with the OCS group.ConclusionsTreating vertical femoral neck fractures with the TCLS technique could significantly improve hip functional recovery and reduce the postoperative femoral neck shortening rate. The present study provides novel insight for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures.
Global Lung Function Initiative‐2012 ‘other/mixed’ spirometry reference equation provides the best overall fit for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and young adults
Authors: Blake Tamara L. , Chang Anne B. , Chatfield Mark D. , Marchant Julie M. , McElrea Margaret S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveEthnic‐specific reference equations are recommended when performing spirometry. In the absence of appropriate reference equations for Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders (Indigenous), we determined whether any of the existing Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)‐2012 equations were suitable for use in Indigenous children/young adults.MethodsWe performed spirometry on 1278 participants (3–25 years) who were identified as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or ‘both’. Questionnaires and medical records were used to identify ‘healthy’ participants. GLI2012_DataConversion software was used to apply the ‘Caucasian’, ‘African‐American’ and ‘other/mixed’ equations.ResultsWe included 930 healthy participants. Mean z‐scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower than the Caucasian predicted values (range: −0.53 to −0.60) and higher than African‐American (range: 0.70 to 0.78) but similar to other/mixed (range: 0.00 to 0.08). The distribution of healthy participants around the upper and lower limits of normal (~5%) fit well for the other/mixed equation compared to the Caucasian and African‐American equations.ConclusionOf the available GLI‐2012 reference equations, the other/mixed reference equation provides the best overall fit for Indigenous Australian children and young adults (3–25 years). Healthy data from additional communities and adults around Australia will be required to confirm generalizability of findings.
Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration
Authors: Pavei Gaspare , Zamparo Paola , Fujii Norihisa , Otsu Takuya , Numazu Naoki , Minetti Alberto E. , Monte Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Sprint running is a common feature of many sport activities. The ability of an athlete to cover a distance in the shortest time relies on his/her power production. The aim of this study was to provide an exhaustive description of the mechanical determinants of power output in sprint running acceleration and to check whether a predictive equation for internal power designed for steady locomotion is applicable to sprint running acceleration. Eighteen subjects performed two 20 m sprints in a gym. A 35‐camera motion capture system recorded the 3D motion of the body segments and the body center of mass (BCoM) trajectory was computed. The mechanical power to accelerate and rise BCoM (external power, Pext) and to accelerate the segments with respect to BCoM (internal power, Pint) was calculated. In a 20 m sprint, the power to accelerate the body forward accounts for 50% of total power; Pint accounts for 41% and the power to rise BCoM accounts for 9% of total power. All the components of total mechanical power increase linearly with mean sprint velocity. A published equation for Pint prediction in steady locomotion has been adapted (the compound factor q accounting for the limbs' inertia decreases as a function of the distance within the sprint, differently from steady locomotion) and is still able to predict experimental Pint in a 20 m sprint with a bias of 0.70 ± 0.93 W kg−1. This equation can be used to include Pint also in other methods that estimate external horizontal power only.
If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail: Operationalization matters
Authors: Steidl Christina R. , Werum Regina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOperationalization has been the focus of less research than many other methodological topics. In this article, we argue that considering operational decisions is particularly critical for those who study stratification, because measures of inequality often involve multiple layers of operationalization: researchers first decide how to assign individuals to social groups (e.g., race), which are then themselves used to construct measures of group‐level differences and inequality (e.g., racial segregation). We provide examples of this by drawing on contemporary debates about how to operationalize social groups based on class, race, gender, and religion. Then we discuss three examples (religion, racial segregation, and family type) of second layer operationalization decisions, focusing on the consequences of operational decisions for research findings. We conclude by discussing the broader implications of operational decisions, focusing particularly on issues of power and applications for policy makers.
Co‐occurrence of and cross‐informant agreement on shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance during early adolescence
Authors: Eggum‐Wilkens Natalie D. , An Danming , Zhang Linlin , Costa Megan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated the co‐occurrence of and cross‐informant agreement on early adolescents’ shyness, unsociability, and avoidance measured by self‐ and peer reports for fifth to eighth graders (N = 383; 51% male) in the United States. Avoidance was significantly and positively associated with shyness and unsociability based on peer reports and self‐reports. Furthermore, 45% and 30% of peer‐ and self‐reported withdrawn adolescents had multiple motivations for withdrawal, suggesting prevalent co‐occurrence of withdrawal subtypes. Cross‐informant agreement was moderate for shyness and weak for unsociability and avoidance. We draw attention to the complexity of motivations underlying withdrawal, theorize about subtype co‐occurrence, and discuss challenges and opportunities related to peer‐reported unsociability and avoidance.
Resilience as the Predictor of Divorcees’ Life Satisfaction
Authors: Celik Metehan , Caglayan Name İmren 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate individual resilience as the predictor of divorcees’ life satisfaction and to reveal whether there is a significant difference in their life satisfaction caused by variables such as age, educational level, income level, having a child, and the number of children.MethodsThe sample for the research consists of 163 divorcees, aged between 23 and 67, who live in Adana, Turkey. Multiple regression analysis, t‐test for the independent groups, and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used in the data analysis.ResultsIt was also found that ambition and personal competence, tolerance of negative conditions, and moral tendency subdimensions of the resilience scale together predicted the level of life satisfaction at a low significance level.ConclusionsThe conclusions indicated that resilience of divorcees predicted their level of life satisfaction at a low significance level.
A Single Paradigm for Implicit and Statistical Learning
Authors: Monaghan Padraic , Schoetensack Christine , Rebuschat Patrick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImplicit learning generally refers to the acquisition of structures that, like knowledge of natural language grammar, are not available to awareness. In contrast, statistical learning has frequently been related to learning language structures that are explicitly available, such as vocabulary. In this paper, we report an experimental paradigm that enables testing of both classic implicit and statistical learning in language. The paradigm employs an artificial language comprising sentences that accompany visual scenes that they represent, thus combining artificial grammar learning with cross‐situational statistical learning of vocabulary. We show that this methodology enables a comparison between acquisition of grammar and vocabulary, and the influences on their learning. We show that both grammar and vocabulary are promoted by explicit information about the language structure, that awareness of structure affects acquisition during learning, and awareness precedes learning, but is not distinctive at the endpoint of learning. The two traditions of learning—implicit and statistical—can be conjoined in a single paradigm to explore both the phenomenological and learning consequences of statistical structural knowledge.
Non-Probabilistic Robust Equilibrium Optimization of Complex Uncertain Structures
Authors: Cheng Jin , Liu Zhenyu , Qian Yangming , Zhou Zhendong , Tan Jianrong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Robust optimization of complex uncertain structures usually involves multiple conflicting and competing structural performance indices. Present approaches for achieving the final design of such an optimization problem always involve a decision-making process, which is a demanding task that requires the rich experience and expert skills of designers. To overcome the difficulty, an interval robust equilibrium optimization approach is proposed to find the optimal design of complex uncertain structure based on the robust equilibrium strategy for multiple conflicting and competing structural performance indices. Specifically, a new concept of closeness and crossing coefficient between interval boundaries (CCCIBs) is proposed at first, based on which the tri-dimensional violation vectors of all interval constraints can be calculated and the feasibility of a design vector can be assessed. Then, the robust equilibrium assessment of multiple objective and constraint performance indices is investigated, based on the results of which the feasible design vectors can be directly ranked according to the robust equilibrium strategy for all structural performance indices. Subsequently, the algorithm for the robust equilibrium optimization of complex uncertain structures is developed by integrating the Kriging technique and nested genetic algorithm. The validity, effectiveness, and practicability of the proposed approach are demonstrated by two illustrative examples.
Analysis of Perceived Social Impacts of Existing Products Designed for the Developing World, With Implications for New Product Development
Authors: Ottosson Hans J. , Mattson Christopher A. , Dahlin Eric C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Engineered products often have more social impacts than are realized. A product review was conducted to bring this to light. In this paper, we show the extent to which different social impacts in 11 impact categories are co-present in 150 products and how this can help engineers and others during the product development process. Specifically, we show how social impact categories not previously considered can be identified. The product review resulted in 13,200 data points that were divided into two data sets, one with 8800 data points from which a social impact probability table was created. The remaining data points were then used to validate the table. All data points were then combined to create a final social impact probability table. This table provides insight for how various social impact categories correlate and can assist engineers in expanding their views to include additional social impact objectives and thus achieve a design with broader social impact or a design with minimized unwanted negative social impact. A simple method for predicting social impact is also created in order to assist engineers when developing products with social impacts in mind.
Development and validation of a prediction model for fat mass in children and adolescents: meta-analysis using individual participant data
Authors: Hudda Mohammed T , Fewtrell Mary S , Haroun Dalia , Lum Sooky , Williams Jane E , Wells Jonathan C K , Riley Richard D , Owen Christopher G , Cook Derek G , Rudnicka Alicja R , Whincup Peter H , Nightingale Claire M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a prediction model for fat mass in children aged 4-15 years using routinely available risk factors of height, weight, and demographic information without the need for more complex forms of assessment.

Design
Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Setting
Four population based cross sectional studies and a fifth study for external validation, United Kingdom.

Participants
A pooled derivation dataset (four studies) of 2375 children and an external validation dataset of 176 children with complete data on anthropometric measurements and deuterium dilution assessments of fat mass.

Main outcome measure
Multivariable linear regression analysis, using backwards selection for inclusion of predictor variables and allowing non-linear relations, was used to develop a prediction model for fat-free mass (and subsequently fat mass by subtracting resulting estimates from weight) based on the four studies. Internal validation and then internal-external cross validation were used to examine overfitting and generalisability of the model’s predictive performance within the four development studies; external validation followed using the fifth dataset.

Results

Model derivation was based on a multi-ethnic population of 2375 children (47.8% boys, n=1136) aged 4-15 years. The final model containing predictor variables of height, weight, age, sex, and ethnicity had extremely high predictive ability (optimism adjusted R
2
: 94.8%, 95% confidence interval 94.4% to 95.2%) with excellent calibration of observed and predicted values. The internal validation showed minimal overfitting and good model generalisability, with excellent calibration and predictive performance. External validation in 176 children aged 11-12 years showed promising generalisability of the model (R
2
: 90.0%, 95% confidence interval 87.2% to 92.8%) with good calibration of observed and predicted fat mass (slope: 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.07). The mean difference between observed and predicted fat mass was −1.29 kg (95% confidence interval −1.62 to −0.96 kg).

Conclusion
The developed model accurately predicted levels of fat mass in children aged 4-15 years. The prediction model is based on simple anthropometric measures without the need for more complex forms of assessment and could improve the accuracy of assessments for body fatness in children (compared with those provided by body mass index) for effective surveillance, prevention, and management of clinical and public health obesity.