bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a mouse model of hypereosinophilia-associated heart disease
Authors: Prows Daniel R. , Klingler Andrea , Gibbons William J. , Homan Shelli M. , Zimmermann Nives 
Published: June 2019

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by sustained and marked eosinophilia leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Morbidity and mortality occur primarily due to cardiac and thromboembolic complications. Understanding the cause and mechanism of disease would aid in the development of targeted therapies with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. We discovered a spontaneous mouse mutant in our colony with a hypereosinophilic phenotype. Mice develop peripheral blood eosinophilia; infiltration of lungs, spleen, and heart by eosinophils; and extensive myocardial damage and remodeling. This ultimately leads to heart failure and premature death. Histopathological assessment of the hearts revealed a robust inflammatory infiltrate composed primarily of eosinophils and B-lymphocytes, associated with myocardial damage and replacement fibrosis, consistent with eosinophilic myocarditis. In many cases, hearts showed dilatation and thinning of the right ventricular wall, suggestive of an inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Most mice showed atrial thrombi, which often filled the chamber. Protein expression analysis revealed overexpression of chemokines and cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity including IL-4, eotaxin, and RANTES. Disease could be transferred to wild-type mice by adoptive transfer of splenocytes from affected mice, suggesting a role for the immune system. In summary, the pathologies observed in the mutant lines are reminiscent of those seen in patients with hypereosinophilia, where cardiac-related morbidities, like congestive heart failure and thrombi, are the most common causes of death. As such, our model provides an opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses and develop targeted therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article describes a new model of heart disease in hypereosinophilia. The model developed as a spontaneous mouse mutant in the colony and is characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and infiltration of lungs, spleen, and heart by eosinophils. In the heart, there is extensive myocardial damage, remodeling, fibrosis, and thrombosis, leading to heart failure and death. The immune microenvironment is one of increased innate and adaptive immunity, including Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines. Finally, adoptive transfer of splenocytes transfers disease to recipient mice. In summary, this model provides an opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses and develop targeted therapies for this rare but devastating disease.
Neural Crest Cells Differentiate Into Brown Adipocytes and Contribute to Periaortic Arch Adipose Tissue Formation
Authors: Fu Mengxia , Xu Lian , Chen Xiaohui , Han Weiqing , Ruan Chengchao , Li Jun , Cai Chenleng , Ye Maoqing , Gao Pingjin 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Periaortic arch adipose tissue (PAAT) plays critical roles in regulating vascular homeostasis; however, its anatomic features, developmental processes, and origins remain unclear.

Approach and Results:

Anatomic analysis and genetic lineage tracing of Wnt1 (wingless-type MMTV [mouse mammary tumor virus] integration site family member 1)-Cre
+
;Rosa26
RFP/+
mice, Myf5 (myogenic factor 5)-Cre
+
;Rosa26
RFP/+
mice, and SM22α-Cre
+
;Rosa26
RFP/+
mice are performed, and the results show that PAAT has unique anatomic features, and the developmental processes of PAAT are independent of the others periaortic adipose tissues. PAAT adipocytes are mainly derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) rather than from Myf5
+
progenitors. Most PAAT adipocyte progenitors expressed SM22α
+
(smooth muscle protein 22-alpha) during development. Using Wnt1-Cre
+
;
PPAR
γ
flox/flox
mice, we found that knockout of PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-γ in NCCs results in PAAT developmental delay and dysplasia, further confirming that NCCs contribute to PAAT formation. And we further indicated PAAT dysplasia aggravates Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced inflammation and remodeling of the common carotid artery close to aorta arch. We also found that NCCs can be differentiated into both brown and white adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. RNA sequencing results suggested NCC-derived adipose tissue displays a distinct transcriptional profile compared with the non-NCC-derived adipose tissue in PAAT.

Conclusions:
PAAT has distinctive anatomic features and developmental processes. Most PAAT adipocytes are originated from NCCs which derive from ectoderm. NCCs are progenitors not only of white adipocytes but also of brown adipocytes. This study indicates that the PAAT is derived from multiple cell lineages, the adipocytes derived from different origins have distinct transcriptional profiles, and PAAT plays a critical role in Ang II–induced common carotid artery inflammation and remodeling.Visual OvervieW: An online visual overview is available for this article.
Outcomes of Pregnancy in Patients With Prior Right Ventricular Outflow Interventions
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , El‐Harasis Majd , Miranda William R. , Ammash Naser M. , Rose Carl H. , Fatola Ayotola , Kothapalli Srikanth , Abdelsamid Mohamed Farouk , Connolly Heidi M. 
Published: June 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of pregnancy‐related adverse outcomes (
PRAO
) between patients with versus without hemodynamically significant right ventricle outflow tract (
RVOT)
.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant patients with isolated
RVOT
lesions undergoing evaluation at the Mayo Clinic, 1990 to 2017. Hemodynamic significance was defined as ≥moderate pulmonary/conduit stenosis (≥3 m/s) and/or ≥moderate regurgitation. Patients with concomitant significant left heart disease were excluded.
PRAO
was defined as cardiovascular, obstetric, and/or neonatal complications occurring during the pregnancy through 6 weeks postpartum. A total of 224 pregnancies in 114 patients with
RVOT
lesions were identified; 38 pregnancies occurred in 24 patients with hemodynamically significant
RVOT
. Forty‐eight (21%) pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. Of the 173 completed pregnancies, median gestational age at delivery was 38 (35–40) weeks and median birth weight 2965 (2065–4122) g. Seven pregnancies (4%) were complicated by cardiovascular events, 14 (8%) by obstetric complications, with adverse neonatal outcomes occurring in 38 (22%). There were no maternal deaths. The incidence of spontaneous abortion and
PRAO
were similar in both the
RVOT
and hemodynamically significant
RVOT
groups. As an isolated condition, Tetralogy of Fallot–pulmonary atresia was associated with spontaneous abortion and neonatal complications.

Conclusions

The risk of cardiovascular complications was low in patients with isolated
RVOT
lesions, and hemodynamically significant
RVOT
lesions were not associated with either cardiovascular complications or
PRAO
. Further studies are required to explore the factors responsible for
PRAO
in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot–pulmonary atresia.
Ocean Salinity as a Precursor of Summer Rainfall over the East Asian Monsoon Region
Authors: Chen Biao , Qin Huiling , Chen Guixing , Xue Huijie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe sea surface salinity (SSS) varies largely as a result of the evaporation–precipitation difference, indicating the source or sink of regional/global water vapor. This study identifies a relationship between the spring SSS in the tropical northwest Pacific (TNWP) and the summer rainfall of the East Asian monsoon region (EAMR) during 1980–2017. Analysis suggests that the SSS–rainfall link involves the coupled ocean–atmosphere–land processes with a multifacet evolution. In spring, evaporation and water vapor flux divergence were enhanced in some years over the TNWP where an anomalous atmospheric anticyclone was established and a high SSS was well observed. As a result, the convergence of water vapor flux and soil moisture over the EAMR was strengthened. This ocean-to-land water vapor transport pattern was sustained from spring to summer and played a leading role in the EAMR rainfall. Moreover, the change in local spring soil moisture helped to amplify the summer rainfall by modifying surface thermal conditions and precipitation systems over the EAMR. As the multifacet evolution is closely related to the large-scale ocean-to-land water vapor transport, it can be well represented by the spring SSS in the TNWP. A random forest regression algorithm was used to further evaluate the relative importance of spring SSS in predicting summer rainfall compared to other climate indices. As the SSS is now monitored routinely by satellite and the global Argo float array, it can serve as a good metric for measuring the water cycle and as a precursor for predicting the EAMR rainfall.
Combining Hybrid and One-Step-Ahead Smoothing for Efficient Short-Range Storm Surge Forecasting with an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Raboudi Naila F. , Ait-El-Fquih Boujemaa , Dawson Clint , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work combines two auxiliary techniques, namely the one-step-ahead (OSA) smoothing and the hybrid formulation, to boost the forecasting skills of a storm surge ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) forecasting system. Bayesian filtering with OSA-smoothing enhances the robustness of the ensemble background statistics by exploiting the data twice: first to constrain the sampling of the forecast ensemble with the future observation, and then to update the resulting ensemble. This is expected to improve the behavior of EnKF-like schemes during the strongly nonlinear surges periods, but requires integrating the ensemble with the forecast model twice, which could be computationally demanding. The hybrid flow-dependent/static formulation of the EnKF background error covariance is then considered to enable the implementation of the filter with a small flow-dependent ensemble size, and thus less model runs. These two methods are combined within an ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF). The resulting hybrid ETKF with OSA smoothing is tested, based on twin experiments, using a realistic setting of the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model configured for storm surge forecasting in the Gulf of Mexico and assimilating pseudo-observations of sea surface levels from a network of buoys. The results of our numerical experiments suggest that the proposed filtering system significantly enhances ADCIRC forecasting skills compared to the standard ETKF without increasing the computational cost.
Categorization of Tinnitus Severity for the Mandarin Tinnitus Questionnaire
Authors: Meng Zhaoli , Zhao Fei , Chen Zhenxi , Zheng Yun 
Published: June 2019

Background: The Tinnitus Questionnaire is commonly used to evaluate the psychological impact of tinnitus and has been translated into Mandarin. The original English version of the Tinnitus Questionnaire was translated into Mandarin (Mandarin Tinnitus Questionnaire [MTQ]). The MTQ included not the same items compared with original version. Thus, MTQ should have its own severity categorization. Aims/Objectives: The objective of this research was to develop a method to categorize tinnitus patients by clinical severity using scores from the MTQ. Material and Methods: A total of 192 participants with primary complaint of tinnitus were enrolled. Cross-tabulation was used to compare 2 categorization approaches of tinnitus severity. With the first approach, categories were assigned based purely on quartiles of MTQ scores. In the second approach, severity was determined based on ordinal logistic regression. The 2 approaches were verified by comparing the consistency with clinical judgment. Results: Categorization based on quartiles showed low consistency with clinical assessment (κ = 0.33), while categorization based on ordinal logistic regression showed good consistency with clinical assessment (κ = 0.86). Regression-based MTQ score cutoffs were <21 for no problem with tinnitus, 21 to 36 for mild tinnitus, 37 to 47 for moderate tinnitus, and >47 for severe tinnitus. Conclusions and Significance: Tinnitus severity can be categorized accurately using ordinal logistic regression analysis of MTQ scores.
A physical activity program is no more effective than standard care at maintaining upper limb activity in community-dwelling people with stroke: secondary outcomes from a randomized trial
Authors: Langhammer Birgitta , Ada Louise , Gunnes Mari , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Indredavik Bent , Askim Torunn 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To evaluate whether an 18-month, physical activity coaching program is more effective than standard care in terms of upper-limb activity. Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three municipalities in Norway. Population: A total of 380 persons with stroke. Intervention: The intervention group received follow-up visits and coaching on physical activity and exercise each month for 18 months after inclusion, by a physiotherapist. The control group received standard care. Main measures: The primary outcome, in this secondary analysis, was Motor Assessment Scale items 6, 7, and 8. Secondary outcomes were National Institute of Health Stroke Scale item 5, the Stroke Impact Scale domain 7, and the Modified Ashworth Scale in flexion/extension of the elbow. Results: In total, 380 persons with stroke were recruited, with mean (SD) age 72 (11) years, and baseline scores total National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 1.4 (2.2)/1.6 (2.4) and Motor Assessment Scale items 6, 7 and 8 in the intervention/control group was 5.5 (1.2)/5.5 (1.2), 5.4 (1.4)/5.4 (1.3), and 3.6 (2)/3.5 (2), respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of upper limb function in any of the Motor Assessment Scale items. In this population with minor stroke, upper-limb activity was good at three months post-stroke (74% of the maximum) and remained good 18 months later (77% of maximum). Conclusion: After intervention, there was no difference between the groups in terms of upper-limb activity.
Consumer and carer leadership in palliative care academia and practice: A systematic review with narrative synthesis
Authors: Scholz Brett , Bevan Alan , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Collier Aileen , Mitchell Imogen 
Published: June 2019

Background: Contemporary health policies call for consumers to be part of all aspects of service planning, implementation, delivery and evaluation. The extent to which consumers are part of the systemic decision-making levels of palliative care appears to vary between and within services and organisations. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to develop understandings about consumer and carer leadership in palliative care. Design: A systematic, narrative synthesis approach was adopted due to the heterogeneity of included studies. The review was registered on PROSPERO prospectively (PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018111625). Data sources: PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched for all studies published in English specifically focusing on consumers’ leadership in palliative care organisations and systems. Articles were appraised for quality using a modified JBI-QARI tool. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Consumers are currently involved in leadership of palliative care teaching, research and services. Findings highlight the benefits of consumer leadership in palliative care including more relevant, higher-quality services, teaching and research. Across the included studies, it was not clear the extent to which consumer leaders had influence in relation to setting agendas across the palliative care sector. Conclusion: The findings suggest that more could be done to support consumer leadership within palliative care. Academics and clinicians might improve the relevance of their work if they are able to more meaningfully partner with consumers in systemic roles in palliative care.
Subsequent Injury Risk Is Elevated Above Baseline After Return to Play: A 5-Year Prospective Study in Elite Australian Football
Authors: Stares Jordan J. , Dawson Brian , Peeling Peter , Heasman Jarryd , Rogalski Brent , Fahey-Gilmour Jack , Dupont Gregory , Drew Michael K. , Welvaert Marijke , Toohey Liam 
Published: June 2019

Background: The risk of sustaining a subsequent injury is elevated in the weeks after return to play (RTP) from an index injury. However, little is known about the magnitude, duration, and nature by which subsequent injury risk is increased. Purpose: To quantify and describe the risk of injury in a 12-week period after RTP from an index injury in Australian football players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injury data were collected from 79 players over 5 years at 1 Australian Football League club. Injuries were classified with the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System and by side of the body. Furthermore, injury severity was classified as time loss (resulting in ≥1 matches being missed) or non–time loss (no matches missed). Subsequent injury was categorized with the SIC-2.0 model and applied to the data set via an automated script. The probability of a time loss subsequent injury was calculated for in-season index injuries for each week of a 12-week period after RTP via a mixed effect logistic regression model. Results: Subsequent injury risk was found to be highest in the week of RTP for both time loss injuries (9.4%) and non–time loss injuries (6.9%). Risk decreased with each week survived after RTP; however, it did not return to baseline risk of participation (3.6%). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that athletes returning to play are at an increased risk of injury for a number of weeks, thus indicating the requirement for tertiary prevention strategies to ensure that they survive this period.
Body Mass Index in Mother and Child Dyads and its Association With Household Size and Parents’ Education in 2 Urban Settings of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Cauich-Viñas Paulina , Azcorra Hugo , Rodríguez Luis , Banik Sudip Datta , Varela-Silva Maria Ines , Dickinson Federico 
Published: June 2019

Background: Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) coexists in mother–child dyads. However, a dearth of evidence on the factors associated with this phenomenon calls for research. Objective: To analyze the association of sociodemographic factors with OW/OB in a sample of 260 Maya mother–child dyads from Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: During 2011 to 2014, we measured height and weight in children and their mothers and calculated their body mass index (BMI). The OW/OB cutoff points were defined, for mothers, as having a BMI >25 kg/m2 and, for children, as having a BMI-for-age >2 standard deviation of the World Health Organization references. Mother–child dyads were grouped according to their BMI status: (1) normal weight mother and child, (2) normal weight mother and OW/OB child, (3) OW/OB mother and normal weight child, and (4) OW/OB mother and child. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the interrelationships among BMI status in mother–child dyads, household size, and parental education. Results: Overweight/obesity coexisted in 40% of dyads. Compared to normal weight dyads (1), each unit increase in household size and in years of maternal education decreased the risks of the coexistence of OW/OB in mother–child dyads (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.94, P = .015; OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.94, P = .019, respectively). Conversely, each year increase in paternal education increased the risk for OW/OB in dyads (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-1.99, P = .015). Conclusions: Results suggest that household size and parental education contribute to shape BMI-based nutritional status in this sample of mother–child dyads.
Association of brain volume loss and long-term disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with teriflunomide
Authors: Sprenger Till , Kappos Ludwig , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Gaetano Laura , Mueller-Lenke Nicole , Wuerfel Jens , Poole Elizabeth M , Cavalier Steven 
Published: June 2019

Background: Teriflunomide 14 mg significantly reduced brain volume loss (BVL) and confirmed disability worsening (CDW) compared with placebo in the TEMSO core study. Objective: To investigate the relationship between BVL from Baseline to Year 2 in the TEMSO core study and long-term CDW (Year 7) in the TEMSO long-term extension (NCT00803049). Methods: Structural Image Evaluation using Normalization of Atrophy determined BVL. Long-term CDW was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale confirmed for 12 and 24 weeks. An additional analysis evaluated the relative contribution of BVL (Year 2) and other outcomes as potential mediators of the effect of teriflunomide 14 mg on 12-week CDW. Results: Patients with the least BVL were significantly less likely to have 12- and 24-week CDW at Year 7 compared with patients with the most BVL. A mediation analysis revealed that BVL (Year 2) explained 51.3% of the treatment effect on CDW; new or enlarging T2w lesions over 2 years explained 30.8%, and relapses in the first 2 years explained 38.5%. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential predictive value of BVL earlier in the disease course on long-term disability outcomes. The mediation analysis suggests that teriflunomide may prevent disability worsening largely through its effects on BVL.
Technical Assessment of an Automated Treatment Planning on Dose Escalation of Pancreas Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zheng Dandan , Lin Chi , Lei Yu , Verma Vivek , Smith April , Ma Rongtao , Enke Charles A. , Zhou Sumin 
Published: June 2019

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy has been suggested to provide high rates of local control for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. However, the close proximity of highly radiosensitive normal tissues usually causes the labor-intensive planning process and may impede further escalation of the prescription dose. Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the consistency and efficiency of Pinnacle Auto-Planning for pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy with original prescription and escalated prescription. Methods: Twenty-four patients with pancreatic cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy were studied retrospectively. The prescription is 40 Gy over 5 consecutive fractions. Most of patients (n = 21) also had 3 other different dose-level targets (6 Gy/fraction, 5 Gy/fraction, and 4 Gy/fraction). Two types of plans were generated by Pinnacle Auto-Planning with the original prescription (8 Gy/fraction, 6 Gy/fraction, 5 Gy/fraction, and 4 Gy/fraction) and escalated prescription (9 Gy/fraction, 7 Gy/fraction, 6 Gy/fraction, and 5 Gy/fraction), respectively. The same Auto-Planning template, including beam geometry, intensity-modulated radiotherapy objectives and intensity-modulated radiotherapy optimization parameters, were utilized for all the auto-plans in each prescription group. The intensity-modulated radiotherapy objectives do not include any manually created structures. Dosimetric parameters including percentage volume of PTV receiving 100% of the prescription dose, percentage volume of PTV receiving 93% of the prescription dose, and consistency of the dose-volume histograms of the target volumes were assessed. Dmax and D1 cc of highly radiosensitive organs were also evaluated. Results: For all the pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy plans with the original or escalated prescriptions, auto-plans met institutional dose constraints for critical organs, such as the duodenum, small intestine, and stomach. Furthermore, auto-plans resulted in acceptable planning target volume coverage for all targets with different prescription levels. All the plans were generated in a one-attempt manner, and very little human intervention is necessary to achieve such plan quality. Conclusions: Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning consistently and efficiently generate acceptable treatment plans for multitarget pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy with or without dose escalation and may play a more important role in treatment planning in the future.