bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eğitsel Açıdan Batı Trakya Çocuk Hikâyelerine Bir Bakış / An Overview of the Western Thrace Children's Stories From an Educational Perspective
Authors: Yeniasır Mustafa 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">The literature plays a significant role in the development and education of children. The children's literature is the literature created by considering the developmental characteristics of children and a number of spiritual needs. The stories have a wide coverage among the children's literature works showing a rapid development in the last forty years in our country.</p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">The stories play a significant role in the education of the children. The relationship between the story and child always leads us to the good, beautiful and right things. Therefore, we should choose the literature works according to the age group of the children by placing the necessary importance on stories in education.</p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">The Western Thracian Turks placed importance on the literature for the healthy development of the children in spite of all the impossibilities and attempted to create literature works for children’s worlds of emotion and thought. The Western Thracian writers contributed to the development of their minds by enriching their imaginary worlds in stories they have written for the children.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">Çocukların gelişim ve eğitiminde edebiyatın çok önemli bir rolü vardır. Çocuk edebiyatı, çocukların gelişim özellikleri ve birtakım ruhsal ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurularak oluşturulan edebiyattır. Ülkemizde özellikle son kırk yılda hızlı bir gelişme gösteren çocuk edebiyatı ürünleri içerisinde hikâyeler geniş bir yer tutmaktadır.</p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">Çocuk eğitiminde hikâyelerin çok önemli bir yeri vardır. Çocuk ile hikâye arasındaki ilişki çocuğu her zaman iyiye, güzele ve doğruya götürür. Bundan dolayı eğitimde hikâyelere gereken önemi vererek, çocukların yaş grubuna uygun eserleri titizlikle seçmeliyiz. </p><p class="ocEdzetmetni">Batı Trakya Türkleri de bütün imkânsızlıklara rağmen çocukların sağlıklı gelişimi için edebiyata önem vermişler, onların duygu ve düşünce dünyasına yönelik eserler ortaya koymaya çalışmışlardır. Batı Trakyalı sanatçılar, çocuklara yönelik olarak yazmış olduğu hikâyelerde onların hayal dünyalarını zenginleştirerek düşüncelerinin gelişmesine katkı sağlamışlardır.</p>
Kamusal Açık Mekânların Kalitesi ve Sosyal Etkileşim Üzerindeki Etkileri / Quality of Public Open Space and Effects on Social Interaction
Authors: Alpak Elif Merve , Düzenli Tugba , Yılmaz Serap 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>The quality of public outdoor space has recently become an important issue and has been revealed by many studies. However, there are few studies that show the relationship between the quality of space and the social interaction that occurs between people. The most important goal of urban designers should be to create public open spaces that can meet the various needs of people. Using longer and more frequently, public open spaces allow the fulfilment of needs and also support social interaction. In this context, the concept of 'quality' of public open spaces is gaining importance. The quality of open spaces revealed by different characteristics of the environment has been determined by evaluating of the open spaces by their inclusiveness, meaningful activities, comfort, security and pleasurability and revealed the relationship between social interaction (passive-fleeting-enduring relationship). In order to determine this relationship, a questionnaire was conducted with 140 people (70 people in each park) in Atatürk Square Park and Fatih Park in Trabzon. As a result, a high level of relationship was found between the factors of inclusiveness, comfort and meaningful activities that determine the quality of space and social interaction.</p><p><strong>Öz </strong></p><p>Kamusal açık mekânın kalitesi son zamanlarda üzerinde önemle durulan bir konu haline gelmiş ve birçok çalışma tarafından ortaya konmuştur. Ancak mekânın kalitesi ile insanların arasında oluşan sosyal etkileşim arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan az sayıda çalışma vardır. Oysaki kentsel tasarımcıların en önemli hedefi insanların çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilen kamusal açık mekânlar yaratmak olmalıdır. İhtiyaçların karşılanmasına olanak sağlayan kamusal açık mekânlar, insanlar tarafından daha uzun süreli ve sık kullanılarak oraların canlı, sosyal etkileşimi destekleyen yerler olmasını sağlar. Bu kapsamda, kamusal açık mekânların ‘kalitesi’ kavramı önem kazanmaktadır. Çevrenin farklı özellikleri ile ortaya konulan açık mekânların kalitesi, bu çalışma kapsamında açık mekânların kapsayıcılık, anlamlı etkinlikler, konfor, güvenlik ve memnun ediciliğini değerlendirerek tespit edilmiş ve sosyal etkileşimle (pasif-geçici-sürekli ilişki) arasındaki ilişki ortaya konmuştur. Bu ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Trabzon kentinde bulunan, Atatürk Meyden Parkı ve Fatih Parkında 140 kişi (her parkta 70’şer kişi) ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, mekânın kalitesinin belirlendiği kapsayıcılık, konfor ve anlamlı etkinlikler faktörleri ile sosyal etkileşim arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.</p>
Revisiting historical beech and oak forests in Indiana using a GIS method to recover information from bar charts
Authors: Hanberry Brice 
Published: July 2018

Historical GIS involves applying GIS to historical research. Using a unique method, I recovered historical tree survey information stored in bar chart figures of a 1956 publication. I converted PDF files to TIF files, which is a format for a GIS layer. I then employed GIS tools to measure lengths of each bar in the TIF file and used a regression (R2 = 97%) to convert bar lengths to numerical values of tree composition. I joined this information to a spatial GIS layer of Indiana, USA. To validate results, I compared predictions against an independent dataset and written summaries. I determined that historically (circa 1799 to 1846) in Indiana, oaks were 27% of all trees, beech was 25%, hickories and sugar maple were 7% each, and ash was 4.5%. Beech forests dominated (i.e., >24% of all trees) 44% of 8.9 million ha (i.e., where data were available in Indiana), oak forests dominated 29%, beech and oak forests dominated 4.5%, and oak savannas were in 6% of Indiana, resulting in beech and/or oak dominance in 84% of the state. This method may be valuable to reclaim information available in published figures, when associated raw data are not available.
Pharmacy resident teaching in psychiatry and neurology for pharmacy programs in the United States
Authors: Cho Victoria M. , Dopheide Julie A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' Postgraduate Year 1 and Year 2 Residency Accreditation Standards require that residents demonstrate effective teaching skills. The College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists' survey of pharmacy program curricula assessed resident teaching in psychiatry and neurology, however, results were not published. The objective of this article is to describe resident teaching in psychiatry and neurology curricula as reported by responses to the college's survey.

Methods:
An electronic survey was sent to a curricular representative from each of 133 US pharmacy programs accredited as of July 2015. Programs were asked to report on psychiatry and neurology curricular content, faculty credentials, and types of teaching activities, including resident teaching.

Results:
Fifty-six percent (75/133) of programs responded to the survey. Fifty out of 75 (67%) distinct pharmacy programs reported utilizing residents for teaching topics in psychiatry and neurology. Residents were twice as likely to teach didactic topics in psychiatry (n = 44) compared to neurology (n = 22). Three times as many residents were involved in precepting psychiatric Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (n = 37) compared to neurology Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (n = 12).

Discussion:
Residents are involved in both didactic and experiential teaching with more residents teaching psychiatry content compared to neurology content. Authors recommend utilizing the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' electronic resident assessment tool, PharmAcademic®, to capture the quantity and quality of resident teaching across accredited programs.
Integrating a mental health clinical pharmacy specialist into the Homeless Patient Aligned Care Teams
Authors: Pauly Julienne B. , Moore Troy A. , Shishko Ilona 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
To address the complex needs of the homeless veteran population, the US Department of Veterans Affairs created the Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team (H-PACT) model. The South Texas Veterans Health Care System has an established H-PACT model, however it does not include a clinical pharmacy specialist in mental health (MH).

Methods:
An H-PACT MH pharmacy resident clinic was created and managed by a postgraduate year-2 psychiatric pharmacy resident. Improvements in access to MH care, Veterans Health Administration performance metrics, and estimated cost savings associated with resident interventions were reviewed to evaluate clinic utility.

Results:
Over the 6-month clinic time frame, there were a total of 40 patient encounters in which 21 veterans had MH medication evaluation on at least 1 occasion. The average wait time for Veterans previously followed by the H-PACT psychiatrist was approximately 8 weeks. The H-PACT MH pharmacy resident clinic enabled veterans to be evaluated every 4 to 6 weeks. Interventions made by the resident included identification of medication administration errors, medication adjustments, adherence education, reduction in polypharmacy, and referral to other services. Estimated cost savings from clinic interventions totaled $33 613.67.

Discussion:
The H-PACT MH pharmacy resident clinic allowed for an improvement in wait time for psychiatric pharmacotherapy follow-up for homeless veterans, with interventions that were associated with significant estimated cost savings.
Development of oral candidiasis following initiation and rechallenge of extended-release bupropion in a geriatric patient
Authors: Vadiei Nina , Smith Tawny L. , Garcia-Pittman Erica C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective:
To report a case of oral candidiasis that developed in a 70-year-old white female both upon initiation and rechallenge of extended-release bupropion therapy.

Case Summary:
A 70-year-old female with a past medical history of osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, and polycythemia vera developed oral candidiasis on 2 occasions following initiation of extended-release bupropion for the treatment of recurrent depression. During both instances, the reaction occurred with an increased dose of the medication, suggesting the adverse event may have been dose-related. The patient had no risk factors for oral candidiasis aside from dry mouth at baseline that reportedly worsened on bupropion.

Discussion:
Though there are no other reports to our knowledge describing the development of oral candidiasis with bupropion, the likelihood of this having been an adverse reaction in this patient is probable as indicated by a calculated score of 8 from the Naranjo Algorithm. The adverse event appeared following bupropion administration and improved over time following its discontinuation. The adverse event reappeared following readministration of the agent, and no alternative causes were able to be identified. Additionally, the reaction occurred following an increase in the dose on both occasions, with the lower dose having only resulted in worsening dry mouth.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that an additional adverse event to screen for with bupropion treatment is the development of oral candidiasis. This adverse event may be more likely to occur in the older adult population.
Rational Design of Metal Oxide–Based Cathodes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Xiaomin , Liu Yu , Zhong Yijun , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently, there is an urgent need for alternative energy resources due to the nonrenewable nature of fossil fuels and increasing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The photovoltaic technologies which directly utilize the abundant and sustainable solar energy are critical. Among various photovoltaic devices (solar cells), dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained increasing attention due to their high efficiency and easy fabrication process in the past decade. The cathode is a critical part in DSSCs while the benchmark Pt cathode suffers from high cost and scarcity. Thus, the development of alternative Pt‐free cathodes has attracted significant attention with the aim to heighten the cost competitiveness of DSSCs. Among various cathodes, metal oxides are of growing interest due to their superior activity, robust stability, and low cost. Simple oxides such as WO3 and SnO2 are used as cathodes for DSSCs. Considering the fixed atomic environment in simple oxides, complex oxides are more attractive as cathodes because of their more flexible physical and chemical properties. This review attempts to present the rational design of simple/complex metal oxide–based cathodes in DSSCs and then to provide useful guidance for the future design of Pt‐free cathodes. The demonstrated design strategies can be extended to other electrocatalysis‐based applications.
2D Assembly of Confined Space toward Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Han Peng , Wang Zhijie , Kuang Min , Wang Yifei , Liu Jianing , Hu Linfeng , Qian Linping , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRational design of electrocatalysts toward efficient CO2 electroreduction has the potential to reduce carbon emission and produce value‐added chemicals. In this work, a strategy of constructing 2D confined‐space as molecular reactors for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity is demonstrated. Highly ordered 2D nanosheet lamella assemblies are achieved via weak molecular interaction of atomically thin titania nanosheets, a variety of cationic surfactants, and SnO2 nanoparticles. The interlayer spacings can be tuned from 0.9 to 3.0 nm by using different surfactant molecules. These 2D assemblies of confined‐space catalysts exhibit a strong size dependence of CO2 electroreduction selectivity, with a peak Faradaic efficiency of 73% for formate production and excellent electrochemical stability at an optimal interspacing of ≈2.0 nm. This work suggests great potential for constructing new molecular‐size reactors, for highly selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Ethers Illume Sodium‐Based Battery Chemistry: Uniqueness, Surprise, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Da‐Wei , Lv Wei , Qin Lei , Niu Shuzhang , Zhang Siwei , Cao Tengfei , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to be practically applied in large‐scale energy storage markets. The rapid progress of SIBs research is primarily focused on electrodes, while electrolytes attract less attention. Indeed, the improvement of electrode performance is arguably correlated with the electrolyte optimization. In conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), ether‐based electrolytes are historically less practical owing to the insufficient passivation of both anodes and cathodes. As an important class of aprotic electrolytes, ethers have revived with the emerging lithium‐sulfur and lithium‐oxygen batteries in recent years, and are even booming in the wave of SIBs. Ether‐based electrolytes are unique to enabling these new battery chemistries in terms of producing stable ternary graphite intercalation compounds, modifying anode solid electrolyte interphases, reducing the solubility of intermediates, and decreasing polarization. Better still, ether‐based electrolytes are compatible with specific inorganic cathodes and could catalyze the assembly of full SIBs prototypes. This Research News article aims to summarize the recent critical reports on ether‐based electrolytes in sodium‐based batteries, to unveil the uniqueness of ether‐based electrolytes to advancing diverse electrode materials, and to shed light on the viability and challenges of ether‐based electrolytes in future sodium‐based battery chemistries.
Developments in the Chemistry of α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: July 2018

Abstractα‐Carbonyl alkyl bromides are powerful reactive species for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. Strategies relying on intermolecular C−H functionalization and cross‐coupling reactions, also referred to as intramolecular cyclization, have been employed for the construction of alkenes, alkanes, ketones, and other natural‐product‐like ring compounds from simple alkynes, alkenes, and 1,n‐enynes. In view of the importance of these α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides, especially the difluoro carbonyl alkyl bromides, many researchers have focused their efforts to develop facile and mild synthetic methods for compounds with important biological activities. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest developments in the transformation of α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides with emphasis on the related reaction mechanisms.
Covalent Assembly of Amphiphilic Bola‐Amino Acids into Robust and Biodegradable Nanoparticles for In Vitro Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Yamei , Zhao Luyang , Xing Ruirui , Jiao Tifeng , Song Weixing , Yan Xuehai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrganic photothermal sensitizers, such as indocyanine green (ICG), have been widely explored in photothermal therapy as a good substitute for inorganic materials owing to their advantageous biosafety and strong absorption in the near‐infrared region. However, their intrinsic low stability and rapid clearance from the body requires further modification for efficient therapeutic application. In this work, we employed a covalent assembly strategy by covalently cross‐linking genipin and a functional bola‐amino acid to fabricate stable and degradable nanoparticles capable of loading ICG. The covalent assembly introduced strong covalent interactions in the assembly system together with functional linkers, which led to both enhanced stability and extended functionalities. This is distinguished from the conventional supramolecular strategy that relies only on weak noncovalent interactions. The functional building unit, consisting of phenylalanine and the disulfide bond, enables both good assembly and controllable degradation owing to the disulfide bond that responds to glutathione. The assembled nanoparticles show high stability, negligible toxicity, and considerable biodegradability. After loading ICG, the ICG‐loaded nanoparticles possessed high photothermal conversion efficiency, and showed an enhanced photothermal effect in the near‐infrared region. This covalent assembly strategy could be extended to various biomolecules containing a primary amino group for the fabrication of efficient and multifunctional nanomaterials used in biomedical applications.
Happiness, self‐esteem, and prosociality in children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from a UK population cohort study
Authors: McChesney Gillian , Toseeb Umar 
Published: July 2018

High levels of childhood happiness, self‐esteem, and prosociality are associated with positive social and emotional outcomes. Little is known about whether these constructs co‐occur and how levels of co‐occurrence are different in children with or without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Data was obtained from 13,285 11‐year olds (408 with ASD) from a UK based prospective cohort study. Latent class analysis revealed five distinct classes: The “very low prosociality class” (with ASD 32% vs. without ASD 7%) was characterized by children who were happy and had high self‐esteem but they were not prosocial. The “low happiness class” (with ASD 3% vs. without ASD 3%), included those children who had moderate self‐esteem and were prosocial but were the least happy. Children in the “low to moderate positive functioning class” (with ASD 16% vs. without ASD 6%) were moderately happy and had the lowest self‐esteem but were prosocial. The “moderate to high positive functioning class” (with ASD 17% vs. without ASD 23%) was characterized by children who were happy, had moderate self‐esteem, and were very prosocial. The majority of children were in the “optimum class” (with ASD 31% vs. without ASD 62%), and were very happy, very prosocial with high self‐esteem. Our findings demonstrate that for the majority of children in our sample, happiness, self‐esteem, and prosociality co‐occur. Furthermore, although as a group children with ASD have lower levels of positive functioning, our multivariable latent class approach suggests that nearly half of children with ASD are happy, have good levels self‐esteem, and are prosocial. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1011–1023. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryHigh levels of childhood happiness, self‐esteem, and prosociality are associated with positive social and emotional outcomes. In this study, we investigated whether happiness, self‐esteem and prosociality co‐occur in children, and how possible co‐occurrence differs between those with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. We found that for the majority of children happiness, self‐esteem, and prosociality co‐occur. Furthermore, although as a group children with ASD have lower levels of positive functioning, our findings suggest that nearly half of children with ASD are happy, have good levels of self‐esteem, and are prosocial.
The Impact of Adrenomedullin Thr22 on Selectivity within the Calcitonin Receptor‐like Receptor/Receptor Activity‐Modifying Protein System
Authors: Fischer Jan‐Patrick , Els‐Heindl Sylvia , Schönauer Ria , Bierer Donald , Köbberling Johannes , Riedl Bernd , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone of the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) family. It is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular processes such as angiogenesis, vasodilation, and the reduction of oxidative stress. ADM mediates its effects by activation of the ADM‐1 and ‐2 receptors (AM1R/AM2R), but also activates the CGRP receptor (CGRPR) with reduced potency. It binds to the extracellular domains of the receptors with its C‐terminal binding motif (residues 41–52). The activation motif, consisting of a disulfide‐bonded ring structure (residues 16–21) and an adjacent helix (residues 22–30), binds to the transmembrane region and stabilizes the receptor conformation in the active state. While it was shown that the binding motif of ADM guides AM1R selectivity, there is little information on the activation motif itself. Here, we demonstrate that Thr22 of ADM contributes to the selectivity. By using solid‐phase peptide synthesis and cAMP‐based signal transduction, we studied the effects of analogues in the activation motif of ADM on AM1R and CGRPR activity. Our results indicate that Thr22 terminates the α‐helix and orients the ring segment by hydrogen bonding. Using olefin stapling, we showed that the α‐helical arrangement of the ring segment leads to decreased AM1R activity, but does not affect CGRPR activation. These results demonstrate that the conformation of the ring segment of ADM has a strong impact on the selectivity within the receptor system.