bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi2S3/Ketjen Black as a Highly Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Long‐Cycle Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhu Jiajia , Chen Congdi , Xie Jian , Wang Miao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Miao Wang from Zhejiang University (China). The cover picture shows the discharge process of Li–O2 batteries catalyzed by Bi2S3/Ketjen black (KB) and the different growth modes of Li2O2 on the cathodes. It is found that the film‐like Li2O2 is deposited on Bi2S3 nanorods prior to on KB at a low discharge capacity. As the discharge process proceeds, the Li2O2 will deposit on both Bi2S3 and KB at a high capacity, where Li2O2 crystallizes into nanosheets on KB. The merit of this growth mode is that the electrode deactivation will be deferred and the side reactions will be refrained, leading to an excellent cycling performance. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201900191.
Pyrazolylazophenyl Ether‐Based Photoswitches: Facile Synthesis, (Near‐)Quantitative Photoconversion, Long Thermal Half‐Life, Easy Functionalization, and Versatile Applications in Light‐Responsive Systems
Authors: Zhang Zhao‐Yang , He Yixin , Zhou Ying , Yu Chunyang , Han Lu , Li Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecular photoswitches (e.g., azobenzenes) can reversibly interconvert between their thermodynamically stable and metastable isomers upon light irradiations. However, it remains challenging to integrate both high bidirectional photoconversion and long metastable‐state lifetime into a photoswitchable functionality. Here, we introduce pyrazolylazophenyl ethers (pzAzo ethers) as a class of azo photoswitches that provides quantitative (>98 %) trans–cis photoisomerization (365 nm light), near‐quantitative (95–96 %) reverse isomerization (532 nm light), and a long cis‐isomer half‐life of three months. They can be easily synthesized in high yields and readily functionalized at one or both sides with a broad scope of substituent groups. Molecular systems incorporating pzAzo ethers can be endowed with high responsiveness, robust reversibility, and long persistent metastable states. Such superior yet pragmatic azo switches hold high promise for upgraded photoregulation in many light‐responsive applications.
Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015
Authors: Virostko John , Capasso Anna , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Goodgame Boone 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults younger than 50 years has increased in the United States over the past decades according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. National guidelines conflict over beginning screening at the age of 45 or 50 years.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of National Cancer Data Base data from 2004 to 2015. The Cochran‐Armitage test for trend was used to assess changes in the proportion of cases diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years.ResultsThis study identified 130,165 patients diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years and 1,055,598 patients diagnosed at the age of 50 years or older. The proportion of the total number of patients diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years rose (12.2% in 2015 vs 10.0% in 2004; P < .0001). Younger adults presented with more advanced disease (stage III/IV; 51.6% vs 40.0% of those 50 years old or older). Among men, diagnosis at ages younger than 50 years rose only in non‐Hispanic whites (P < .0001), whereas among women, Hispanic and non‐Hispanic whites had increases in younger diagnoses over time (P < .05). All income quartiles had a proportional increase in younger adults over time (P < .001), with the highest income quartile having the highest proportion of younger cases. The proportion of younger onset CRC cases rose in urban areas (P < .001) but did not rise in rural areas.ConclusionsThe proportion of persons diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years in the United States has continued to increase over the past decade, and younger adults present with more advanced disease. These data should be considered in the ongoing discussion of screening guidelines.
Molecular Design of Core Substituted Naphthalene Diimides for the Exfoliation of Graphite to Graphene in Chloroform
Authors: Gharib Desi H. , Lock Peter , Moulton Simon E. , Malherbe Francois , Langford Steven J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA significant challenge of liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite to yield graphene resides in the fact that most conventional solvents used are high boiling points and thus extremely difficult to eliminate, especially during processing of graphene into composites or films. Here, we advance the ability to produce high yield graphene in a low boiling point organic solvent, chloroform, using core‐substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs). Through the use of cNDIs it is possible to obtain high graphene concentrations of up to 0.13 mg/mL in chloroform. This yield represents a 69% improvement from graphene yields previously obtained in chloroform using unsubstituted NDIs. Characterisation of the products by UV‐Vis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) support the use of cNDIs as an appropriate exfoliating agent in chloroform.
Excited‐State Topology Modifications of the Dihydroazulene Photoswitch Through Aromaticity
Authors: Skov Anders B. , Ree Nicolai , Gertsen Anders S. , Chabera Pavel , Uhlig Jens , Lissau Jonas S. , Nucci Luigi , Pullerits Tõnu , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Sølling Theis I. , Hansen Thorsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Hansen and Mikkelsen groups from the University of Copenhagen. The image shows how excited state aromaticity affects the photochemistry of dihydroazulene (DHA). Inducing aromaticity enhances an excited state barrier, so DHA can no longer reach the photoproduct. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201900088.
Sustainable Synthesis of Bright Green Fluorescent Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Alkali Lignin
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Liu Yijian , Ren Muqing , Li Weitao , Zhang Xiang , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M , Tour James M. , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSustainable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly biomass waste can be exploited for large‐scale production of carbon nanomaterials. Here, alkali lignin was employed as a precursor to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with bright green fluorescence through a simple one‐pot route. The prepared CQDs had a size of 1.5–3.5 nm, were water‐dispersible, and showed wonderful biocompatibility, in addition to their excellent photoluminescence and electrocatalysis properties. These high‐quality CQDs could be used in a wide range of applications such as metal‐ion detection, cell imaging, and electrocatalysis. The wide range of biomass lignin feedstocks provide a green, low‐cost, and viable strategy for producing high‐quality fluorescent CQDs and enable the conversion of biomass waste into high‐value products that promote sustainable development of the economy and human society.
Juvenile sclerosing polycystic adenosis cytologically mimicking Warthin tumor
Authors: Kawai Masataka , Inoue Tomohiro , Yonaga Takaaki , Mochizuki Kunio , Nakazawa Tadao , Masuyama Keisuke , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare salivary gland disease. Histologically it resembles a low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ or sclerosing adenosis of the breast, characterized by lobular proliferation of ducts with apocrine cellular features surrounded by fibrosclerotic stroma. Although SPA is typically benign, recurrence is not uncommon, and cases with a malignant component have been documented. Thus, complete excision is desirable but preoperative diagnosis is challenging. A 12‐year‐old boy presented with a painless mass in the right neck. We identified a well‐demarcated mass in the right parotid region measuring approximately 2 cm using cervical echography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed two cell types. There were loosely cohesive clusters of polymorphic epithelioid cells with irregular nuclei and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm containing zymogen granules. Some of these cells were binuclear. The other cell types represented normal ductal cells. The original cytological diagnosis was Warthin tumor. Right parotidectomy was performed. Histologically, we observed proliferation of ducts with granular, vacuolated, zymogen granules, and apocrine‐like features in the cytoplasm with hyalinizing sclerotic stroma and some binuclear cells. Four years after parotidectomy, there has been no recurrence or malignant transformation.Cytological diagnosis of SPA is challenging on FNA specimens since SPA is a very rare entity of the salivary gland that can mimic other salivary gland neoplasms. A mixture of apocrine‐like cells and sebaceous‐like cells, nuclear pleomorphism, and zymogen granules can help to diagnose this rare lesion during the initial cytological diagnosis.
Evaluating the role of digital intervention design in treatment outcomes and adherence to eTherapy programs for eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barakat Sarah , Maguire Sarah , Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. , Crosby Ross D. , Touyz Stephen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveDespite the existence of reviews which document the effectiveness of online therapies, there is little consensus regarding the exact components of online treatment delivery that are most effective in maintaining user engagement and reducing eating disorder (ED) symptomology. The current review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine which components of web‐based, ED self‐help interventions are associated with lower attrition and improved therapeutic outcome.MethodA systematic search of electronic databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus) was conducted for published studies of web‐based interventions for EDs and a meta‐analysis of the final included studies was performed. Each intervention was coded across four dimensions, including the multimedia channels employed (e.g., text, audio, videos), degree of user interactivity (e.g., online self‐monitoring, skills exercises), level of automated feedback (e.g., reminders, personalized feedback), and technological device through which the program was accessed (e.g., smartphone, computer).ResultsA final 23 papers were included. The results of meta‐regressions indicated that higher scores on the multimedia subscale were associated with greater ED symptom improvement in treatment groups. Conversely, a higher degree of feedback in the treatment group was associated with a group difference in ED psychopathology favoring the control group. Other intervention components were not associated with treatment outcome or dropout.DiscussionThe results are discussed in relation to limitations of the scale used to quantify digital intervention features, as well as the limited diversity and technological sophistication of available ED digital interventions. Such findings indicate the importance of understanding the digital components, which differentiate online therapeutic programs.
Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata)
Authors: Ralston Joel , Lorenc Lydia , Montes Melissa , DeLuca William V. , Kirchman Jeremy J. , Woodworth Bradley K. , Mackenzie Stuart A. , Newman Amy , Cooke Hilary A. , Freeman Nikole E. , Sutton Alex O. , Tauzer Lila , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMigratory behaviors such as the timing and duration of migration are genetically inherited and can be under strong natural selection, yet we still know very little about the specific genes or molecular pathways that control these behaviors. Studies in candidate genes Clock and Adcyap1 have revealed that both of these loci can be significantly correlated with migratory behaviors in birds, though observed relationships appear to vary across species. We investigated geographic genetic structure of Clock and Adcyap1 in four populations of blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata), a Neotropical–Nearctic migrant that exhibits geographic variation in migratory timing and duration across its boreal breeding distribution. Further, we used data on migratory timing and duration, obtained from light‐level geolocator trackers to investigate candidate genotype–phenotype relationships at the individual level. While we found no geographic structure in either candidate gene, we did find evidence that candidate gene lengths are correlated with five of the six migratory traits. Maximum Clock allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring arrival date. Minimum Adcyap1 allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring departure date and positively associated with fall arrival date at the wintering grounds. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths on both spring and fall migratory duration. Adcyap1 heterozygotes also had significantly shorter migration duration in both spring and fall compared to homozygotes. Our results support the growing body of evidence that Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths are correlated with migratory behaviors in birds.
Flooding with shallow water promotes the invasiveness of Mikania micrantha
Authors: Yue Maofeng , Yu Hanxia , Li Weihua , Yin Aiguo , Cui Ye , Tian Xingshan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe invasive ability of alien plants is not only affected by their biological characteristics but also by environmental factors. Therefore, investigating the relationship between plant growth and environmental factors is helpful for predicting the invasive potential of alien species. Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (a vine of Asteraceae) is one of the top 10 most invasive weeds worldwide and causes serious damage to agroforestry ecosystems. Water is an important environmental factor that affects plant growth; however, the relationship between water conditions and the rapid growth of M. micrantha is not clear. In this study, 162 M. micrantha population sizes were investigated in dry, wet and aquatic habitats in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong, China. In addition, the seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of M. micrantha were determined by submerging tests. The results showed that the population size of M. micrantha was the largest in aquatic habitats, and the soil moisture content was positively correlated to the population size in dry and wet habitats. Furthermore, M. micrantha seeds could germinate underwater and grow out of the water surface at a depth of 6 cm with a survival rate of 7.4%. Aquatic habitat promoted vine elongation, whereas dry habitats resulted in the reverse pattern. After 8 weeks of water treatments, the vine stem length was 2 and 3 times longer in the aquatic habitat than the wet and dry habitats, respectively. The total root length, root volume, and root tip number increased significantly in the aquatic habitat when compared to those in the wet habitat; however, these parameters exhibited the opposite pattern in the dry habitat. The results showed that flooding with shallow water is conducive to the invasiveness of M. micrantha, suggesting that water is the key determinant during the intrusion process of M. micrantha populations.Open Research Badges

This article has been awarded Open Data, Open Materials and Preregistered research design Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/ksz2f/?viewonly=30b6fec21f0447edbdfc9cebe2b01065, https://osf.io/a5ymf/ and https://osf.io/ksz2fl?viewonly=cfcbfOfc829c402fb22deb3be801dffc
Investigation on flammability of rigid polyurethane foam‐mineral fillers composite
Authors: Agrawal Anuja , Kaur Raminder , Walia Ravinderjit Singh 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study investigates the incorporation of castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam with mineral fillers feldspar or kaolinite clay in order to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. Influence of mineral fillers on the mechanical strength was characterized by compressive strength and flexural strength measurement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to diagnose the changes in thermal properties, while cone calorimeter test was performed to ascertain the flame retardancy of the mineral filler–incorporated rigid polyurethane foam composites. Results showed that the foams incorporated with mineral filler demonstrated up to 182% increase in compressive strength and 351% increase in flexural strength. Thermal stability of these composite foams was also found to be enhanced on the incorporation of kaolinite clay filler with an increase in 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) from 192°C to 260°C. Furthermore, peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were also found to decreased on the incorporation of mineral filler in the rigid polyurethane foam. So mineral fillers are ascertained as a potential filler to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant behaviors of bio‐based rigid polyurethane foam composites.
Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Kour Ravinder , Arya Sandeep , Verma Sonali , Gupta Jyoti , Bandhoria Pankaj , Bharti Vishal , Datt Ram , Gupta Vinay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskites have displayed the highest solar power conversion efficiencies of 23% but the toxicity issues of these materials need to be addressed. Lead‐free perovskites have emerged as viable candidates for potential use as light harvesters to ensure clean and green photovoltaic technology. The substitution of lead by Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu and other potential candidates have reported efficiencies of up to 9%, but there is still a dire need to enhance their efficiencies and stability within the air. A comprehensive review is given on potential substitutes for lead‐free perovskites and their characteristic features like energy bandgaps and optical absorption as well as photovoltaic parameters like open‐circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor, short‐circuit current density (J SC), and the device architecture for their efficient use. Lead‐free perovskites do possess a suitable bandgap but have low efficiency. The use of additives has a significant effect on their efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations like diethylammonium, phenylethyl ammonium, phenylethyl ammonium iodide, etc., or mixed cations at different compositions at the A‐site is reported with engineered bandgaps having significant efficiency and stability. Recent work on the advancement of lead‐free perovskites is also reviewed.
iFunMed: Integrative functional mediation analysis of GWAS and eQTL studies
Authors: Rojo Constanza , Zhang Qi , Keleş Sündüz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified thousands of genetic variants contributing to disease and other phenotypes. However, significant obstacles hamper our ability to elucidate causal variants, identify genes affected by causal variants, and characterize the mechanisms by which genotypes influence phenotypes. The increasing availability of genome‐wide functional annotation data is providing unique opportunities to incorporate prior information into the analysis of GWAS to better understand the impact of variants on disease etiology. Although there have been many advances in incorporating prior information into prioritization of trait‐associated variants in GWAS, functional annotation data have played a secondary role in the joint analysis of GWAS and molecular (i.e., expression) quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data in assessing evidence for association. To address this, we develop a novel mediation framework, iFunMed, to integrate GWAS and eQTL data with the utilization of publicly available functional annotation data. iFunMed extends the scope of standard mediation analysis by incorporating information from multiple genetic variants at a time and leveraging variant‐level summary statistics. Data‐driven computational experiments convey how informative annotations improve single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection performance while emphasizing robustness of iFunMed to noninformative annotations. Application to Framingham Heart Study data indicates that iFunMed is able to boost detection of SNPs with mediation effects that can be attributed to regulatory mechanisms.
Modelling RNA‐Seq data with a zero‐inflated mixture Poisson linear model
Authors: Liu Siyun , Jiang Yuan , Yu Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) has been frequently used in genomic studies and has generated a vast amount of data. The RNA‐Seq data are composed of two parts: (a) a sequence of nucleotides of the genome; and (b) a corresponding sequence of counts, standing for the number of short reads whose mapped positions start at each position of the genome. One common feature of these count data is that they are typically nonuniform; recent studies have revealed that the nonuniformity is partially owing to a systematic bias resulted from the sequencing preference. Existing works in the literature model the nonuniformity with a single component Poisson linear model that incorporates the effects of the sequencing preference. However, we observe consistently that the short reads mapped to a gene may have a mixture structure and can be zero‐inflated. A single component model may not suffice to model the complexity of such data. In this paper, we propose a zero‐inflated mixture Poisson linear model for the RNA‐Seq count data and derive a fast expectation–maximisation‐based algorithm for estimating the unknown parameters. Numerical studies are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.
Socio‐economic status and dementia onset among older Japanese: A 6‐year prospective cohort study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Takasugi Tomo , Tsuji Taishi , Nagamine Yuiko , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesLower socio‐economic status (SES) may be associated with dementia later in life, but there is inconsistent evidence supporting this claim. We aim to examine the association between three SESs (education, job, and income indicators) and dementia onset in older adults.MethodsStudy design was a 6‐year prospective cohort study. Participants included a total of 52 063 community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years or older without long‐term care needs from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Outcome variable was dementia onset. Explanatory variables were educational years, the longest job held, and equivalised household income. We performed Cox proportional hazard analysis by gender with multiple imputation.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 10.5% of participants acquired dementia. The adjusted risks of dementia incidence of the participants with less than 6 years of education were 1.34 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04‐1.73) in men and 1.21 (1.00‐1.45) times in women higher than those with more than 13 years of education. Females with less than 1.99 million yen (hazard ratio = 0.83, 0.72‐0.96) of equivalised income were less likely to acquire dementia than those with four million yen or higher.ConclusionsEducational attainment had a robust impact on dementia onset compared with the other SES factors in both genders of older Japanese people. Securing an education for children could be crucial to prevent dementia later in life. The longest job held was less likely to be risks of dementia incidence, compared with the other two factors.