bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stress distribution and risk assessment of 110 kV GIS insulator considering Al2O3 settlement
Authors: Liang Hucheng , Du Boxue , Li Jin , Wang Zehua 
Published: December 2018

The growing application of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) in electric power system asks for higher reliability of epoxy (EP) insulators, thus it is important to seek effective methods to improve the operating reliability of GIS insulators. On the basis of the 110 kV GIS insulator, this study studied the aluminium oxide (Al2O3) settlement in the curing process and the stress distribution of the horizontally laid GIS. Besides, the risk coefficient was defined to evaluate the operating reliability of insulators laid by different methods (I–V). Some conclusions are shown below: the Al2O3 settlement in the curing process causes the insulator density to have a large variation from 2.13 to 2.32 g/cm3. The Al2O3 content has a great influence on the mechanical performances of EP/Al2O3system. The first principle stress is localised on the upper interface between the insulator and the conductor, which is the main threat to the mechanical damage of insulator. The laying method V appears to be optimal with a pretty low risk coefficient of 31.5. In actual application, for the horizontally laid GIS, the insulator should be laid with the mould gate downward to improve its mechanical reliability.
Study on electric field distribution characteristics of the maintenance area when UHV AC transmission line crossing 220 kV tower
Authors: Huo Feng , Lu Wei , Qiu Zhibin , Huang Daochun , Huang Congpeng 
Published: December 2018

With the rapid development of China's power grid, it is becoming increasingly common that the multi‐circuit overhead transmission lines cross over each other. It is important to design the lines' configuration reasonably and evaluate whether the power‐frequency electric field meets the national standard. In order to analyse the electric field distribution in the maintenance area of the 220 kV tower with an overhead 1000 kV UHV AC double circuit transmission line, a three‐dimensional finite element model of the crossing tower and transmission line was established. The influences of the crossing angle, span height and offset distance on the electric field distribution in the maintenance area of the lower tower and the line worker body surface electric field were analysed. The results show that the maximum electric field strength of the tower will increase 28.7% when the cross‐angle decreases from 90° to 30°, and the impact of span height on the electric field distribution is much smaller at 90° than that at 30°. At 60°, when the crossing height is 16 m, the electric field strength on the worker's body surface is much less than the limiting value.
Seismic evaluation of ±800 kV UHVDC disconnect switch by shake table test
Authors: Wen Jiayi , Xie Qiang 
Published: December 2018

Disconnect switches, the widely used electrical substation apparatuses, however, were severely damaged in several earthquakes, causing huge economic losses. Disconnect switches with higher voltage are more vulnerable to earthquake for their great height and flexibility. The interaction between posts and blades might magnify the seismic responses, which is not fully understood and deserves further investigations. Therefore, a full‐scale shake table test on a new‐style latticed ±800 kV ultra‐high voltage direct current disconnect switch was carried out to evaluate its dynamic properties and seismic responses. Two different operational conditions with the main blade open and closed were tested, respectively. Interaction between posts and blades was studied via acceleration amplification factors and the spectrum analysis. The test result indicates interaction only exists in the length direction, and will amplify seismic responses of the post with the main blade, while reduce those of the post with the fixed contact. Moreover, the seismic responses of specimen are smaller than those in previous studies, suggesting the latticed structural form alleviate the negative effects induced by the great height and flexibility, and is helpful for structural design of disconnect switches.
A novel high density W-30Cu alloy prepared via hydrothermal synthesis-co-reduction and canned hot extrusion methods
Authors: Li Jiwen , Ma Douqin , Xie Jingpei , Fang Fang , Xu Liujie , Wei Shizhong 
Published: December 2018

We report herein the successful synthesis of in situ nanocomposite W-30Cu as powder via the hydrothermal approach combined with the co-reduction process, having sodium tungstate and copper nitrate as starting materials. The cold isostatic pressing, vacuum sintering and canned hot extrusion technology have been employed in order to improve the properties of the W-30Cu alloy. The impact of preparation’s methodologies on the microstructure, mechanical and physical properties have been investigated by the means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD); scanning electron (SEM); field emission electron (FE-SEM) and high-resolution electron (HRTEM) microscopies; conductivity meter and Brinell hardness tester. The results indicate that the precursor powder had a coating structure leading to W and Cu elements in situ symbiosis during the co-reduction period. The W-Cu reductive powder displayed an unstable core-shell structure of W coated Cu. During hot extrusion, the rapid mass transport, sintering mode conversion and bridge effect elimination enhance the density and properties of the W-Cu composites. The microstructure of the W-Cu composite exhibited a uniform distribution of W within the Cu phase with intact Cu network structure as well as fine W particles. The relative density, conductivity and hardness of the final product have reached 99.2%, 43.3% IACS and 214 HB, respectively, which are superior compared to those obtained by the traditional powder metallurgy methods.
Aus Fehlern lernen
Authors: Fritzsche Madeleine , Schramm Christoph 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungPflege oder Medizin ohne Fehler hat es nie gegeben und wird es wohl auch nie
geben. Fehler sind menschlich und nicht immer vermeidbar. Deshalb kommt es umso
mehr darauf an, sie frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu analysieren, um schädliche
Auswirkungen für die Patienten zu verhindern. Wie eine verlässliche
Sicherheitskultur im OP gelebt werden kann, lesen Sie in unserem
Schwerpunkt.
Willkommen an Bord
Authors: Gößwein David , Wetekam Ellen 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungOnboarding bezeichnet das „An-Bord-Nehmen“ neuer Mitarbeiter in die OP-Abteilung
und ist eine frühe und einflussreiche Möglichkeit, um Personal zu binden. Damit
die Integration erfolgreich verläuft, müssen jedoch viele Aspekte beachtet
werden. Unsere Autoren illustrieren die wichtigsten Erfolgsfaktoren für
Onboarding-Prozesse im OP und stellen ein Good-Practice-Projekt vor.
Auszeit für das Team
Authors: Weiler Michael 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungTrotz Zeitnot und Sparmaßnahmen steht die Sicherheit des Patienten immer an
erster Stelle. Deshalb wurde an der Kopfklinik des Universitätsklinikums
Heidelberg die Empfehlung der WHO-Sicherheitscheckliste implementiert und
erweitert. Unser Autor hat die Checklisten mitentwickelt und schildert Schritt
für Schritt, worauf es dabei insbesondere beim Team-Time-Out ankommt.
Use of Tissue Expander for Contracted Scarred Saddle Deformity Rhinoplasty
Authors: Inman Jared , Ardeshirpour Farhad , Ostby Erin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to present an alternative technique for the reconstruction of saddle nose deformity in patients with severely scarred or contracted soft tissue envelopes. In this single surgeon case series, the authors present a two-staged reconstruction performed on four adult patients with saddle nose deformities and contracted soft tissue envelope stemming from a variety of etiologic factors including vasculitis, sarcoidosis, and trauma. Stage one involved placement of a 1 × 4 cm tissue expander along the nasal dorsum through anterior scalp and endonasal incisions. The tissue expander port was positioned under the anterior scalp and injected with saline over 3 weeks in-office. Stage two involved removal of the tissue expander and rhinoplasty using osteocartilaginous rib grafts. All four patients had successful expansion of the contracted soft tissue envelope, creating adequate space for the newly reconstructed nasal framework. One patient developed exposure of the tissue expander through the endonasal incision, which did not lead to any adverse outcome. All patients in this series tolerated expansion well, without complaints of pain or external skin breakdown. The use of soft tissue expanders along the nasal dorsum can successfully expand contracted and scarred soft tissue envelopes prior to reconstructive rhinoplasty. This technique may be an effective alternative to the use of interpolated flaps in treating these patients.
Evaluation of Female Pelvic Pain
Authors: Chandler Jessica , Wagner Elena , Riley Kristin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChronic pelvic pain is a condition defined by pelvic pain for more than six months which is severe enough to cause functional disability or require treatment. When pain becomes a chronic condition, it is more challenging to evaluate and treat. Chronic pelvic pain patients often have multiple factors contributing to their pain. Here, we review the approach to the evaluation of chronic female pelvic pain. It is important to establish a trusting patient–physician relationship. When evaluating a female patient with chronic pelvic pain, an in-depth history and targeted physical exam can localize contributors to pain. While limited, corresponding imaging and laboratory work should also be considered.
Pelvic Pain in Adolescents
Authors: As-Sanie Sawsan , Smorgick Noam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDysmenorrhea and noncyclic pelvic pain (chronic pelvic pain) are common in adolescents. The evaluation of teens with dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain is aimed to diagnose possible gynecologic conditions (endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and obstruction of the reproductive tract) and nongynecologic conditions (irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and myofascial pain). The management of chronic pelvic pain in adolescents is often more complex than in adult women because both the adolescent and her parents are counseled and addressed, and her long-term emotional and physical health, fertility, and sexuality are considered. Dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain are often associated with depression and anxiety in adolescents. Thus, psychosocial counseling plays an important role in the management of these patients. This review will present a systematic approach to the evaluation and treatment of dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain in adolescents.
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Marcu Ioana , Campian E. , Tu Frank 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is an uncommon but potentially devastating pelvic pain disorder affecting both women and men. This condition is often confusable and comorbid with other pelvic pain disorders. Although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is growing, the exact longitudinal course by which peripheral and central aberrations involving the bladder mucosa, peripheral inflammation, and central dysregulation of bladder sensitivity create painful bladder symptoms remains an area in need of further study. Only a limited number of drugs have been approved for treatment by the Food and Drug Administration, and overall durable efficacy of the many treatments reviewed in recent American Urological Association guidelines remains suboptimal, making awareness, early diagnosis, and use of effective treatments early in the disease course, where neural changes may still be reversible, imperative.
Opioids and Alternatives in Female Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Valentine Lindsey , Deimling Timothy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChronic pelvic pain is a complex condition with peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. Successful nonsurgical management typically relies on a multimodal approach, with integration of both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. This article reviews nonpharmacologic therapies including pelvic floor physical therapy, dietary modifications, psychotherapy, and acupuncture. These interventions are low risk and should be incorporated into treatment for chronic pelvic pain, as they show promise for successful symptom relief in many overlapping chronic pain conditions. Common nonopioid medications for pelvic are also reviewed, including analgesics, hormone modulating agents, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. Guidelines for cautious and responsible opioid use are also summarized. While data specific to chronic pelvic pain management remain limited, evidence supporting treatment of other chronic pain conditions is reviewed to help guide management.
Endometriosis and Female Pelvic Pain
Authors: Han Esther , Kim Jin Hee 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEndometriosis is a nonmalignant gynecologic disorder that can have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life with pelvic pain and possible lasting effects on one's fertility. Symptoms, when present, can be severe and affect many organ systems including the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. Other etiologies of pelvic pain must be ruled out and/or need to be addressed concurrently for optimal patient care. There are numerous medical and surgical treatment options available that have been shown to be beneficial for endometriosis-related pelvic pain. Recurrence is common when medications are discontinued and even after surgical therapy. Ultimately, the treatment approach will be dependent on the needs of the patient, taking into consideration the patient's desire for fertility, symptoms, past treatment, and patient preferences.
A Novel Whole Blood Point-of-Care Coagulometer to Measure the Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Heparins
Authors: Ansell Jack , Zappe Stefan , Jiang Xuan , Chen Lirong , Steiner Solomon , Laulicht Bryan , Bakhru Sasha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) currently require no monitoring for routine therapy of atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. Measurement of activity, however, may be important in patients with major and life-threatening bleeding, patients needing emergent surgery, in reversal situations, or in patients at high risk of bleeding or thrombosis due to underlying conditions. For these patients, a widely available and rapid turnaround assay would be optimal. To date, there is no such assay available, especially for the direct factor Xa inhibitors. This report describes the performance of a new, rapid turnaround, point-of-care (PoC) assay for measuring the activity of a range of anticoagulants, including DOACs and heparins, in emergency situations and for routine measurement in high-risk patients. Perosphere Technologies' PoC coagulometer is a handheld instrument that performs individual coagulation tests on samples of fresh whole blood (∼10 µL) with clotting activated by glass contact and endpoint determination performed by infrared spectroscopy. In preclinical studies using rats anticoagulated with therapeutic doses of edoxaban or enoxaparin, the PoC coagulometer showed a strong linear correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters and clotting time with edoxaban (r
2 = 0.994) and with enoxaparin (r
2 = 0.967). These preclinical results suggest that this PoC coagulometer would be ideal to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of anticoagulants and their reversal agents. The PoC bedside instrument delivers results within minutes and requires no more than a drop of whole blood. Studies are underway to confirm these results in humans and to further characterize the performance of the instrument.
Utility of a Nurse-Led Pathway for Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism Discharged on Rivaroxaban: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Indran Tishya , Cummins Anita , Bennett Ashwini , Wood Erica , Brown Susan , McQuilten Zoe , Tran Huyen , Epi Master , Chan Noel , Chunilal Sanjeev , Lim Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe highest risk of adverse events for patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is during the early anticoagulation period. However, no established model exists for early clinical monitoring of patients treated with non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The authors' aim was to evaluate the utility of a nurse-led pathway to minimize adverse events in acute VTE patients starting on rivaroxaban. The rivaroxaban VTE treatment pathway is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with objectively confirmed VTE between July 2015 and May 2017. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients identified at major risk of adverse events (bleeding or recurrent VTE). Secondary outcomes were rates of interventions, major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB), recurrent VTE, and all-cause mortality at 90 days. Among 304 participants, 5% (n = 15) were identified to be at major and 9% (n = 28) at possible risk for adverse events. Appropriate interventions to prevent harm were required in 40 patients. Rates of major bleeding, CRNMB, recurrence, and all-cause mortality were 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–1.8), 7.2% (95% CI: 4.8–10.7), 1.0 (95% CI: 0.3–2.9), and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.7–3.8), respectively. In conclusion, following discharge of acute VTE patients, a nurse-led pathway identified one in seven (14%) patients at major or possible risk of adverse events. Preemptive interventions to reduce harm translated into the low rates of bleeding and recurrence. The authors' experience highlights the feasibility and importance of a structured clinical surveillance pathway for acute VTE patients initiating NOAC therapy.
Obestatin Reduces Intestinal Damage in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Newborn Rats
Authors: Korkut Sabriye , Özdemir Ahmet , Yay Arzu Hanım , Yalçın Betül , Ceylan Mahir , Korkmaz Levent , Yazıcı Cevat , Güntürk İnayet , Kurtoğlu Selim 
Published: December 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with obestatin (OB), an endogenous hormone also found in mother's milk, in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Study Design Pups were randomized into four groups: control, OB-control, NEC, and OB-NEC. NEC was induced by asphyxia and hypothermia in the NEC and OB-NEC groups. OB was administered to the OB-control and OB-NEC groups. Macroscopic scoring of the intestinal tract was evaluated and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical examination on the fourth day.
Results OB improved the macroscopic appearance of the gut and the clinical score during the experiment (p  <  0.05). The rate of occurrence of NEC in the OB-NEC group was lower than the NEC group (p  =  0.001). OB prevented necrosis and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the OB-NEC group compared with the NEC group (p  =  0.006). Furthermore, interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde levels in the OB-NEC group were lower than the NEC group (p  <  0.05).
Conclusion OB reduced intestinal damage and prevented necrosis through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in experimental NEC. This effect of OB should be confirmed in clinical studies. Furthermore, future research should investigate whether OB plays a role in NEC pathogenesis or NEC is associated with OB levels in the serum and in breast milk.
Die ulzeroglanduläre Tularämie als seltene Ursache unklarer Lymphknotenschwellungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Gnatzy R. , Metzger R. , Schobeß A. , Siebolts U. , Suttkus A. , Lacher M. , Schuster V. , Mayer S. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie ulzeroglanduläre Tularämie ist eine sehr seltene Erkrankung, die sich häufig mit unspezifischen Symptomen wie Fieber, Abgeschlagenheit und einer lokalen Lymphadenopathie manifestiert. Unbehandelt geht sie mit einer Mortalität von 30 % einher. Histopathologisch zeigt sich eine nekrotisierende granulomatösepitheloidzellige Lymphadenitis. Wir berichten über drei Schulkinder aus Mitteldeutschland, die sich sowohl akut krank als auch wenig beeinträchtigt mit einer inguinalen beziehungsweise axillären Lymphadenopathie vorstellten und operativ versorgt werden mussten. Post-operativ bestätigte sich eine akute Infektion mit Francisella tularensis durch Arthropoden. Unter antibiotischer Therapie mit Ciprofloxacin kam es bei allen Patienten zur vollständigen Ausheilung.Anhand der Fallbeispiele werden die klinischen und diagnostischen Herausforderungen der Tularämie im Kindesalter erläutert und ihre oft unterschätzte Rolle in nicht-endemischen Ländern wie Deutschland diskutiert. Bei einer Lymphadenopathie mit protrahiertem Krankheitsverlauf – insbesondere nach Arthropodenstichen – sollte immer an eine Tularämie als seltene Ursache für eine Lymphadenopathie gedacht werden.
From bulk to microphase separation in scalar active matter: a perturbative renormalization group analysis
Authors: Caballero Fernando , Nardini Cesare , Cates Michael E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We consider a dynamical field theory (Active Model B+) that minimally extends the equilibrium Model B for diffusive phase separation of a scalar field, by adding leading-order terms that break time-reversal symmetry. It was recently shown that such active terms can cause the bulk phase separation of Model B to be replaced by a steady state of microphase separation at a finite length scale. This phenomenon was understood at mean-field level as due to the activity-induced reversal of the Ostwald ripening mechanism, which provides the kinetic pathway to bulk phase separation in passive fluids. This reversal occurs only in certain ranges for the activity parameters. In this paper we go beyond such a mean-field analysis and develop a -loop renormalisation group (RG) approach. We first show that, in the parameter range where bulk phase separation is still present, the critical point belongs formally to the same (Wilson–Fisher) universality class as the passive Model B. In contrast, in a parameter range associated with microphase separation, we find that an unstable non-equilibrium fixed point of the RG flow arises for , colliding with the Wilson–Fisher point in and making it unstable in . At large activity, the flow in this region is towards strong coupling. We argue that the phase transition to microphase separation in active systems, in the physically relevant dimensions and , very probably belongs to a new non-equilibrium universality class. Because it is governed by the strong-coupling regime of the RG flow, our perturbative analysis leaves open the quantitative characterization of this new class.
Tribological behavior of MWCNT filled carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite under different sliding conditions and different environments
Authors: Jain Anshul , Singh Kalyan Kumar , Kalita Jiban Jyoti , Sharma Nisha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFiber reinforced polymer composite materials find its application in a wide domain due to its mechanical properties. Some of the applications may include sliding motion under various environments making the study of their tribological behavior necessary. In this paper, investigation is done on the tribological behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite with 3 wt. % multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) as the secondary reinforcement. The experiment was performed on pin on disc type tribometer at room temperature with a constant rpm of 700 rpm and different parameters i.e. sliding velocity, different environmental conditions (like dry, oil lubricated) and different normal loading conditions. The results showed the dependence of wear and friction characteristics of the test material on these parameters by evaluating specific wear rates and coefficient of friction. The experimental results were further examined by FESEM analysis of some of the samples.