bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Multicenter, Mentored Quality Collaborative on Hospital‐Associated Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Jenkins Ian , O'Bryan Tamra , Holdych Janet , Maynard Gregory 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDReliable prophylaxis of hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism (HA‐VTE) is not achieved in many hospitals. Efforts to improve prophylaxis have had uneven results.OBJECTIVETo reduce HA‐VTE with a scalable quality improvement collaborative.DESIGNA prospective, unblinded, open‐intervention study with historical controls.PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGAll adult inpatients at 35 community hospitals in California, Arizona, and Nevada.INTERVENTIONSA centrally supported collaborative implementing standardized VTE risk assessment and prophylaxis. Protocols were developed with 9 “pilot” sites, which received individualized mentoring. Finished protocols were disseminated to 26 “spread” sites, which received improvement webinars without mentoring. Active surveillance for real‐time correction of suboptimal prophylaxis was funded in pilot sites and encouraged in spread sites. Planning and minimal improvement work began in 2011; most implementation occurred in 2012 and 2013.MEASUREMENTSRates of per‐protocol prophylaxis (at pilot sites), and compliance with The Joint Commission VTE measures (all sites), were monitored starting in January 2012. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition‐Clinical Modification codes were used to determine the rates of HA‐VTE within 30 days of discharge, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, and anticoagulation adverse events; preimplementation (2011) rates were compared with postimplementation (2014) rates.RESULTSProtocol‐appropriate prophylaxis rates and The Joint Commission measure compliance both reached 97% in 2014, up from 70% to 89% in 2012 and 2013. Five thousand three hundred and seventy HA‐VTEs occurred during 1.16 million admissions. Four hundred twenty‐eight fewer HA‐VTEs occurred in 2014 than in 2011 (relative risk 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.73‐0.85). HA‐VTEs fell more in pilot sites than spread sites (26% vs 20%). The rates of adverse events were reduced or unchanged.CONCLUSIONSCollaborative efforts were associated with improved prophylaxis rates and fewer HA‐VTEs.
Lichen planus in children
Authors: Agel Mona , Al-Chihabi Mamdouh , Zaitoun Halla , Thornhill Martin H , Hegarty Anne M 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. It is more frequently seen in the middle-aged and elderly population but can be present in children, although this is relatively rare. This paper describes the presentation and management of lichen planus in children, illustrated by seven cases seen within the Paediatric Dentistry Unit. Dentists should be aware of the condition and understand when referral to a specialist centre is required and the need for multidisciplinary management of complex cases.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Although oral lichen planus is rare in children, it is important that dentists are able to identify its clinical presentation and abnormal changes to the oral mucosa, as well as being aware of possible local and systemic causes of the condition so that reassurance and correct management pathways can be implemented in primary care practice.
Propionibacterium acnes infections in patients with idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study and review of the literature
Authors: Swarup I. , Gruskay J. , Price M. , Yang J. , Blanco J. , Perlman S. , Widmann R. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Surgical site infection (SSI) caused by Propionibacterium acnes is an infrequent but devastating complication after spinal fusion. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for SSI with Propionibacterium acnes after spinal fusion for juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (JIS and AIS). Methods A case-control study was performed. Each case was matched 2:1 for age, gender and diagnosis. Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain relevant demographic, surgical and clinical data for all cases and controls. Statistical analysis included paired t-test and McNemar test, as well as exact logistic regression and robust regression models. Results This study included ten infection cases (eight AIS, two JIS) and 20 controls (16 AIS, four JIS). In total, six infected cases presented within two weeks of the index procedure (acute infection) and four infected cases presented more than one year from the index procedure (delayed infection). The most common presentation for acute infections was wound drainage, while back pain was more common in delayed infections. All infections were successfully treated with surgical irrigation and debridement and postoperative antibiotics. Hardware was removed for patients with delayed infections. The strongest risk factor for infection was increased requirement for blood transfusion, but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion SSI with Propionibacterium acnes is an important complication after spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. These infections can be successfully treated, but larger studies are needed to further identify risk factors and establish standardized guidelines for the treatment and prevention of this complication. Level of Evidence Level III
Characteristic of concrete using acetylene sludge as a substitute material for sand and cement
Authors: Indrawati Dwi , Wisnu Rian Prasetyo , Widyatmoko Hilarion 
Published: March 2018

Acetylene sludge comes from the production of acetylene gas which is produced in large quantities from industrial plants. Since acetylene sludge waste has a baling and mortar properties as well as lime derivative products, they can be used as substitutes or substitutes for cement in concrete products and other construction materials. The aim of this study is to obtain a concrete with a proper strength and comply the toxicity standards by utilizing acetylene sludge waste. The waste (containing of 60% acetylene sludge and 40% fly ash) is utilized by mixing it on some series of trial that are 5%, 10%, and 15% waste from the main concrete materials. The concrete strength is measured using Compressive Strength Test Method that refers to Indonesian National Standard No. 1974:2011. Other than that, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test were also done using Optical Emission Spectrometer to determine the leaching potential from concrete utilization. The concrete paste gave the value of slump 6 and 7 with concrete mixture declined by 15-18 cm. Result showed that the strongest concrete is from the mixture of 15% sand material that was substituted by the acetylene sludge waste with the strength value of 41.9 MPa. TCLP test results were given the value of Barium 0.019 mg/L and Chromium 0.680 mg/L with a pH value of 12.24. Referring to Indonesian Government Regulation No. 101 Year 2014, the quality standards of Barium and Chromium are 35 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L. That showed the characteristic of concrete which is produced from acetylene sludge waste complies the standards and safe for the environment.
The Analysis of SEIRS-SEI Epidemic Models on Malaria with Regard to Human Recovery Rate
Authors: Resmawan Resmawan , Sianturi Paian , Nugrahani Endar Hasafah 
Published: March 2018

This article discusses SEIRS-SEI epidemic models on malaria with regard to human recovery rate. SEIRS-SEI in this model is an abbreviation of the population class used in the model, ie Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered populations in humans and Susceptible, Exposed, and Infected populations in mosquito. These epidemic models belong to mathematical models which clarify a phenomenon of epidemic transmission of malaria by observing the human recovery rate after being infected and susceptible. Human population falls into four classes, namely susceptible humans, exposed humans, infected humans, and recovered humans. Meanwhile, mosquito population serving as vectors of the disease is divided into three classes, including susceptible mosquitoes, exposed mosquitoes, and infected mosquitoes. Such models are termed SEIRS-SEI epidemic models. Analytical discussion covers model formation, existence and stability of equilibrium points, as well as numerical simulation to find out the influence of human recovery rate on population dynamics of both species. The results show that the fixed point without disease ( ) is stable in condition and unstable in condition . The simulation results show that the given treatment has an influence on the dynamics of the human population and mosquitoes. If the human recovery rate from the infected state becomes susceptible to increased, then the number of infected populations of both species will decrease. As a result, the disease will not spread and within a certain time will disappear from the population.
Low aerial imagery – an assessment of georeferencing errors and the potential for use in environmental inventory
Authors: Smaczyński Maciej , Medyńska-Gulij Beata 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used in close range photogrammetry. Real-time observation of the Earth’s surface and the photogrammetric images obtained are used as material for surveying and environmental inventory. The following study was conducted on a small area (approximately 1 ha). In such cases, the classical method of topographic mapping is not accurate enough. The geodetic method of topographic surveying, on the other hand, is an overly precise measurement technique for the purpose of inventorying the natural environment components. The author of the following study has proposed using the unmanned aerial vehicle technology and tying in the obtained images to the control point network established with the aid of GNSS technology. Georeferencing the acquired images and using them to create a photogrammetric model of the studied area enabled the researcher to perform calculations, which yielded a total root mean square error below 9 cm. The performed comparison of the real lengths of the vectors connecting the control points and their lengths calculated on the basis of the photogrammetric model made it possible to fully confirm the RMSE calculated and prove the usefulness of the UAV technology in observing terrain components for the purpose of environmental inventory. Such environmental components include, among others, elements of road infrastructure, green areas, but also changes in the location of moving pedestrians and vehicles, as well as other changes in the natural environment that are not registered on classical base maps or topographic maps.
The hydrological modeling in terms of determining the potential European beaver effect
Authors: Szostak Marta , Jagodzińska Jadwiga 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The objective of the paper was the hydrological analysis, in terms of categorizing main watercourses (based on coupled catchments) and marking areas covered by potential impact of the occurrence and activities of the European beaver Castor fiber. At the analysed area – the Forest District Głogów Małopolski there is a population of about 200 beavers in that Forest District. Damage inflicted by beavers was detected on 33.0 ha of the Forest District, while in the area of 13.9 ha the damage was small (below 10%). The monitoring of the beavers’ behaviour and the analysis of their influence on hydrology of the area became an important element of using geoinformationtools in the management of forest areas.
ArcHydro ArcGIS Esri module was applied, as an integrated set of tools for hydrographical analysis and modelling. Further steps of the procedure are hydrologic analyses such as: marking river networks on the DTM, filling holes, making maps of the flow direction, making the map of the accumulation flow, defining and segmentation of streams, marking elementary basins, marking coupled basins, making dams in the places, where beavers occur and localization of the area with a visible impact of damming. The result of the study includes maps prepared for the Forest District: the map of main rivers and their basins, categories of watercourses and compartments particularly threatened by beaver’s foraging.
Estimation of height changes of GNSS stations from the solutions of short vectors and PSI measurements
Authors: Krynski Jan , Zak Lukasz , Ziolkowski Dariusz , Cisak Jan , Lagiewska Magdalena 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Time series of weekly and daily solutions for coordinates of permanent GNSS stations may indicate local deformations in Earth’s crust or local seasonal changes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere. The errors of the determined changes are relatively large, frequently at the level of the signal.
Satellite radar interferometry and especially Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is a method of a very high accuracy. Its weakness is a relative nature of measurements as well as accumulation of errors which may occur in the case of PSI processing of large areas. It is thus beneficial to confront the results of PSI measurements with those from other techniques, such as GNSS and precise levelling.
PSI and GNSS results were jointly processed recreating the history of surface deformation of the area of Warsaw metropolitan with the use of radar images from Envisat and Cosmo-SkyMed satellites. GNSS data from Borowa Gora and Jozefoslaw observatories as well as from WAT1 and CBKA permanent GNSS stations were used to validate the obtained results. Observations from 2000–2015 were processed with the Bernese v.5.0 software. Relative height changes between the GNSS stations were determined from GNSS data and relative height changes between the persistent scatterers located on the objects with GNSS stations were determined from the interferometric results.
The consistency of results of the two methods was 3 to 4 times better than the theoretical accuracy of each. The joint use of both methods allows to extract a very small height change below the level of measurement error.
The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML): Language Specification for Level 3 Version 2 Core
Authors: Hucka Michael , Bergmann Frank T. , Dräger Andreas , Hoops Stefan , Keating Sarah M. , Le Novère Nicolas , Myers Chris J. , Olivier Brett G. , Sahle Sven , Schaff James C. , Smith Lucian P. , Waltemath Dagmar , Wilkinson Darren J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractComputational models can help researchers to interpret data, understand biological functions, and make quantitative predictions. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a file format for representing computational models in a declarative form that different software systems can exchange. SBML is oriented towards describing biological processes of the sort common in research on a number of topics, including metabolic pathways, cell signaling pathways, and many others. By supporting SBML as an input/output format, different tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for translation errors and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. This document provides the specification for Version 2 of SBML Level 3 Core. The specification defines the data structures prescribed by SBML, their encoding in XML (the eXtensible Markup Language), validation rules that determine the validity of an SBML document, and examples of models in SBML form. The design of Version 2 differs from Version 1 principally in allowing new MathML constructs, making more child elements optional, and adding identifiers to all SBML elements instead of only selected elements. Other materials and software are available from the SBML project website at http://sbml.org/.
The influence of discourse context on children’s ordering of “new” and “old” information
Authors: Narasimhan Bhuvana , Dimroth Christine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Adult speakers typically order referents that have been previously mentioned in the discourse (“old” referents) before newly introduced referents (“new” referents). But 3–5-year-olds acquiring German exhibit a “new-old” preference in a task involving question-answer sequences (Narasimhan, Bhuvana and Christine Dimroth. 2008. Word order and information status in child language. Cognition 107. 317–329). Here we ask whether we can change 4–5-year-olds’ new-old preference by manipulating the context in order to encourage connected discourse. Findings show that discourse context changes children’s new-old preference. Children produce the new-old order in fluent utterances and the old-new order in non-fluent utterances. Adult controls overwhelmingly prefer the old-new order, even more so when the weight (number of syllables) of the old referent label is greater than that of the new referent label. Our study demonstrates that although cognitive and communicative biases may influence children’s ordering patterns in non-adult-like ways, such patterns are not categorical, but are flexibly influenced by factors such as discourse context.
Bilateral Tactile Input Patterns Decoded at Comparable Levels But Different Time Scales in Neocortical Neurons
Authors: Genna Clara , Oddo Calogero M. , Mazzoni Alberto , Wahlbom Anders , Micera Silvestro , Jörntell Henrik 
Published: March 2018

The presence of contralateral tactile input can profoundly affect ipsilateral tactile perception, and unilateral stroke in somatosensory areas can result in bilateral tactile deficits, suggesting that bilateral tactile integration is an important part of brain function. Although previous studies have shown that bilateral tactile inputs exist and that there are neural interactions between inputs from the two sides, no previous study explored to what extent the local neuronal circuitry processing contains detailed information about the nature of the tactile input from the two sides. To address this question, we used a recently introduced approach to deliver a set of electrical, reproducible, tactile afferent, spatiotemporal activation patterns, which permits a high-resolution analysis of the neuronal decoding capacity, to the skin of the second forepaw digits of the anesthetized male rat. Surprisingly, we found that individual neurons of the primary somatosensory can decode contralateral and ipsilateral input patterns to comparable extents. Although the contralateral input was stronger and more rapidly decoded, given sufficient poststimulus processing time, ipsilateral decoding levels essentially caught up to contralateral levels. Moreover, there was a weak but significant correlation for neurons with high decoding performance for contralateral tactile input to also perform well on decoding ipsilateral input. Our findings shed new light on the brain mechanisms underlying bimanual haptic integration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we demonstrate that the spiking activity of single neocortical neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the rat can be used to decode patterned tactile stimuli delivered to the distal ventral skin of the second forepaw digits on both sides of the body. Even though comparable levels of decoding of the tactile input were achieved faster for contralateral input, given sufficient integration time each neuron was found to decode ipsilateral input with a comparable level of accuracy. Given that the neocortical neurons could decode ipsilateral inputs with such small differences between the patterns suggests that S1 cortex has access to very precise information about ipsilateral events. The findings shed new light on possible network mechanisms underlying bimanual haptic processing.
Regulation of Nociceptive Glutamatergic Signaling by Presynaptic Kv3.4 Channels in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn
Authors: Muqeem Tanziyah , Ghosh Biswarup , Pinto Vitor , Lepore Angelo C. , Covarrubias Manuel 
Published: March 2018

Presynaptic voltage-gated K+(Kv) channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are thought to regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the Kv channel subtypes responsible for this critical role have not been identified. The Kv3.4 channel is particularly important because it is robustly expressed in DRG nociceptors, where it regulates action potential (AP) duration. Furthermore, Kv3.4 dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in multiple pain models. We hypothesized that, through their ability to modulate AP repolarization, Kv3.4 channels in DRG nociceptors help to regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission. To test this hypothesis, we investigated Kv3.4 immunoreactivity (IR) in the rat cervical superficial dorsal horn (sDH) in both sexes and implemented an intact spinal cord preparation to investigate glutamatergic synaptic currents from second order neurons in the sDH under conditions that selectively inhibit the Kv3.4 current. We found presynaptic Kv3.4 IR in peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptive fibers of the sDH. The Kv3.4 channel is hypersensitive to 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium (TEA). Accordingly, 50 μm4-aminopyridine and 500 μmTEA significantly prolong the AP, slow the maximum rate of repolarization in small-diameter DRG neurons, and potentiate monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in dorsal horn laminae I and II through a presynaptic mechanism. In contrast, highly specific inhibitors of BK, Kv7, and Kv1 channels are less effective modulators of the AP and have little to no effect on EPSCs. The results strongly suggest that presynaptic Kv3.4 channels are major regulators of nociceptive synaptic transmission in the spinal cord.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIntractable neuropathic pain can result from disease or traumatic injury and many studies have been conducted to determine the underlying pathophysiological changes. Voltage-gated ion channels, including the K+channel Kv3.4, are dysregulated in multiple pain models. Kv3.4 channels are ubiquitously expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), where they are major regulators of DRG excitability. However, little is known about the ionic mechanisms that regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission at the level of the first synapse in the spinal cord, which is critical to pain transmission in both intact and pathological states. Here, we show that Kv3.4 channels have a significant impact on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn, further illuminating its potential as a molecular pain therapeutic target.
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver: a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Honka Miikka-Juhani , Latva-Rasku Aino , Bucci Marco , Virtanen Kirsi A , Hannukainen Jarna C , Kalliokoski Kari K , Nuutila Pirjo 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveInsulin resistance is reflected by the rates of reduced glucose uptake (GU) into the key insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. It is unclear whether insulin resistance occurs simultaneously in all these tissues or whether insulin resistance is tissue specific.Design and methodsWe measured GU in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and endogenous glucose production (EGP), in a single session using18F-fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography (PET) and euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp. The study population consisted of 326 subjects without diabetes from the CMgene study cohort.ResultsSkeletal muscle GU less than 33 µmol/kg tissue/min and subcutaneous adipose tissue GU less than 11.5 µmol/kg tissue/min characterized insulin-resistant individuals. Men had considerably worse insulin suppression of EGP compared to women. By using principal component analysis (PCA), BMI inversely and skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver GU positively loaded on same principal component explaining one-third of the variation in these measures. The results were largely similar when liver GU was replaced by EGP in PCA. Liver GU and EGP were positively associated with aging.ConclusionsWe have provided threshold values, which can be used to identify tissue-specific insulin resistance. In addition, we found that insulin resistance measured by GU was only partially similar across all insulin-sensitive tissues studied, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and was affected by obesity, aging and gender.