bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Possible Therapeutic Role of MSC Derived Exosomes Extracted from Myocardial Infarction versus Healthy Rat Models in the Heart with Surgically Occluded Right Anterior Coronary Artery in Rats A Histological Study
Authors: Farid Alaa Sabri , Ali Eman Ali Negm , Sebay Sara Abdel Gawad El , Hussien Emara Maher M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary arteries of the heart, causing damage to the heart Muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic Shock or cardiac arrest. Aim: this study is designed to compare between the therapeutic role of autologous exosomes versus homologous exosomes on surgically induced myocardial infarction model in adult male albino rats.

Material and Methods
Fifty adult male albino rats weighing 150–250 gm were included with age from 8 to 11 old months in the study. In addition, ten rats weighing 150 gm with age from 7 to 8 old weeks were used for adipose derived exosomes preparation. The rats were divided into the following three groups: Group I: control group, Group II: myocardial infarction group; rats were subjected to right (RACO Technique), Group III: rats were subjected to permanent RACO technique as in group II then rats were further subdivided into two subgroups; Subgroup IIIa received autologous exosomes in tail vein on the 2nd day of the experiment and Subgroup IIIb received homologous exosomes in tail vein on the 2nd day of the experiment.

Results
Group II showed disruption of cardiomyoctes which appeared deeply acidophilic and darkly stained nuclei with loss of the intercalated discs and muscle striations. Immunohistochemical stain revealed a significantly increased reaction to iNOS antibodies, caspase-3 antibodies, anti -PCNA and positive anti-VEGF in comparison to control group. Group III; including subgroups IIIa and IIIb; showed preservation of the myocardium integrity. However, subgroup IIIa revealed significant increase in anti-VEGF and decrease in iNOS antibodies as compared to subgroup IIIb.

Conclusion
Both exosomes from healthy rats and exosomes from rats with MI showed therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects in surgically induced MI. These effects were more prominent in exosomes from rats with MI than healthy rats as detected by microscopic, morphometric, and statistical studies.
A Histological Study on the Effect of Whey Protein on Liver and Skeletal Muscle with or without Exercise in Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Hamed Gehan Ahmed , Kalleny Nagwa Kostandy , Tarek Mai , Salah El-Din Bayomi Noha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Whey protein provides a rapid source of amino acids that the muscles can utilize. Whey protein is frequently used by people to increase their strength and improve sports performance. However, other people use whey protein as a dietary supplement because of its beneficial effects without performing any exercise.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the effect of whey protein with/or without exercise on the histological structure of the liver and skeletal muscle in adult male albino rats.

Materials and Methods
Twenty adult male albino rats with weight ranged from 150 to 200 grams were used in this study, rats were randomly divided into two main groups: Group I (Standard diet group): subdivided into two subgroups. Subgroup IA (Standard diet, sedentary): left without intervention. Subgroup IB (Standard diet, exercise-trained): subjected to exercise training. Group II (Whey protein group): received high dose of whey protein daily (6 gram/kilogram) by oral gavage and were further subdivided into two subgroups. Subgroup IIA (Whey protein, sedentary). Subgroup IIB (Whey protein, exercise-trained): received whey protein within 30 minutes after exercise training. Rats of subgroups IB and IIB were subjected to swimming exercise training in swimming basin for four weeks, five days per week, in which the exercise time was increased gradually throughout the four weeks of the study. Liver and gastrocnemius muscle were subjected to microscopic examination, morphometric and statistical studies.

Results
Histological, morphometric, and statistical studies of liver of subgroup IB were nearly similar to that of subgroup IA. Histological examination of liver of subgroup IIA showed congestion of central vein and portal vein with surrounding mononuclear cellular infiltration and increased mean collagen percentage as compared to other subgroups. It also showed vacuolated hepatocytes with shrunken, irregular, and heterochromatic nuclei. Meanwhile, subgroup IIB showed improved hepatic architecture than subgroup IIA. Histological examination of gastrocnemius muscle of exercise-trained subgroups IB and IIB showed increase in mitochondrial content, mean glycogen optical density, and mean muscle fiber diameter with appearance of splitting and central nuclei, which were more pronounced in subgroup IIB as compared to subgroup IA. Meanwhile, subgroup IIA showed significant decrease in mean muscle diameter as compared to subgroup IIB, however it showed nonsignificant increase in mean diameter when compared to subgroup IA.

Conclusion
High intake of whey protein without physical exercise has its degenerative effects on liver, also it showed non-significant increase in mean diameter of skeletal muscle as compared to rats fed standard diet. Thus, whey protein should be taken within its recommended dose and accompanied by physical exercise.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Percentage of Neutrophils to Lymphocytes in Blood in the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: abd el gawad Ahmed Arabi , Kayser Hany Haroon , Samir El-Baz Hossam , Musa Sheikh Mazen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication among cirrhotic patients with ascites and is defined as an infection in the ascitic fluid without a clear source in the abdomen.

Aims and Objectives
To determine the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with hepatitis C.

Subjects and Methods
This Prospective cohort study was conducted at Hepatology Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital in period of 6 months over 80 cases divided into 2 equal groups.

Study Group
40 patients with cirrhotic hepatitis C patients with sterile ascites.

Control Group
40 patients with cirrhotic hepatitis C patients with ascites with SBP.

Result
The study found significant differences in ascitic fluid, lymphocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, MPV, total bilirubin and creatinine, and lab investigations at different times, indicating a multifactorial nature of the cases.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that assessing the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may serve as a simple, accessible, and cost-effective method for identifying SBP in hepatitis C patients, offering a non-invasive alternative to conventional diagnostic approaches.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease at Ain Shams University Hospital
Authors: Hassan Abdelmonem Ahmed Ayman , Elsharkawy Magdy Mohamed , Sayed Hussein Hussein , Abd-Elaziz Mahmoud Nady 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease are common interconnected syndromes that represent a public health problem.

Aim of the Work
The aim of our study is To Determine the rate and aetiology of AKI, AKD and CKD in Ain Shams University hospital over period of 6 months.

Patients and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study on patients presented to ER at internal medicine, obstetric and general surgery hospitals of Ain Shams University.

Results
Regarding to serological markers there is high statistical significant between Acute and chronic patients as regard serum protein electrophoresis. In Acute patients, PTN electrophoresis was negative in 35 patients (16.1%) and not done in 183 patients (83.9%). In Chronic patients, PTN electrophoresis was negative in 89 patients (36.8%), positive in 5 patients (2.1%) and not done in 148 patients (61.2%). And Statistically significant difference between Acute and chronic patients as regard C3, C4, ANA and Anti DNA, In Acute patients, C3 was normal in 31 patients (14.2%), consumed in 18 patients (8.3%) and not done in 169 patients (77.5%). In Chronic patients, C3 was normal in 65 patients (26.9%), consumed in 23 patients (9.5%) and not done in 154 patients (63.6%) and as regard C4. In Acute patients, C4 was normal in 45 patients (20.6%), consumed in 4 patients (1.8%) and not done in 169 patients (77.5%). In Chronic patients, C4 was normal in 74 patients (30.6%), consumed in 14 patients (5.8%) and not done in 154 patients (63.6%). and as regard ANA and anti-DNA. In Acute patients, ANA & anti-DNA was normal in 26 patients (11.9%), positive in 16 patients (7.3%) and not done in 176 patients (80.7%). In Chronic patients, ANA and anti-DNA was normal in 60 patients (24.8%), positive in 13 patients (5.4%) and not done in 169 patients (69.8%). As regard renal US there is Statistically significant in increased kidney length and hilum to cortex in Acute patients when compared with Chronic patients and Statistically significant in increased kidney parenchymal thickness in Acute patients when compared with Chronic patients with high statistical significant by increased percentage of increased echogenicity of kidney in Chronic patients (215 patients, 90.7%) when compared with Acute patients (124 patients, 57.1%). But there is no statistical significant difference between Acute and chronic patients as regard kidney back pressure and regarding to patients who had backpressure and CTUT was done there is no statistical significant difference between Acute and chronic patients as regard CTUT back pressure.

Conclusion
The end-results of our study showed that marked increase in patient who had chronic kidney disease in compare with patient who had Acute kidney injury and acute kidney disease.
Serum Pentraxin 3 Level in Egyptian Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud , Aziz HossamEldin Abdel , Elshafie Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed , George Tari Magdy Aziz , AlAshram Mohamed Nabil Badawy , Fors Mostafa Attya Attya El 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver injury and is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute‑phase reactant and an essential component of innate immunity. Plasma PTX3 level is, according to some data, a marker for NAFLD. We aimed to assess the value of serum Pentraxin 3 level as a non-invasive bio-marker of NAFLD in patients with Type II DM.

Methods
This case-control study included 96 subjects classified in to 32 patients with T2DM and NAFLD, 32 patients with T2DM and without NAFLD, and 32 healthy subjects. All studied subjects underwent a detailed clinical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, Fatty liver index score, and calculated serum Pentraxin.

Results
Serum Pentraxin demonstrated a high statistically significant correlation with the presence of NAFLD in patients with Type II DM and in healthy people.

Conclusion
Pentraxin 3 is a sensitive, specific, and a promising biomarker for detection of liver injury in NAFLD when suspected in patients with and without DM.
Assessment of Serum Zonulin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and its Correlation with Stool Frequency
Authors: Bayoumi Hilal Essam Mohamed , El-Ghandour Ahmed Mohamed , Al- Ashram Mohamed Badawy , Zaki Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Validating serum biomarkers for altered intestinal permeability in irritable bowel syndrome will facilitate research and pathophysiology-based therapy.

Aim and Objectives
To compare serum zonulin level between diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Subjects and Methods
This was a Case control study, was carried out in Gastroenterology department, Ain Shams University Hospital, and military hospitals on 60 subjects classified into three groups: (First group): included 20 patients complaining of IBS-Diarrheal type, (Second group): included 20 patients complaining of IBS-constipation type, Third group (Healthy group): included 20 healthy persons, during a period of 6 months.

Result
There was high statistically significant difference between the two cases groups as regard frequency of stool.

Conclusion
We could not detect altered zonulin levels between individuals reporting IBS-D and IBS-C. On the other hand, higher zonulin levels are founded compared to healthy controls. These data suggest that zonulin might have utility as a simple serological biomarker for altered IP in patients with IBS. However, more research is needed to corroborate our findings of the role of zonulin in IBS. Identifying IBS patients with zonulin-mediated intestinal tight junction dysfunction may allow mechanistically focused IBS therapy (e.g., larazotide acetate).
Vitamin D Deficiency in Hemodialysis Patients and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Zoheir , Shawky Sahar Mahmoud , Mohamed Ahmed Yehia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Dialysis patients experience an excess mortality, predominantly of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Vitamin D deficiency is present in the vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and correcting a poor vitamin D status is recommended as a treatment of CKD–mineral and bone disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of vitamin D for myocardial and overall health.

Aim of the Work
To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes in prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Subjects and Methods
This was prospective interventional study, conducted Abo elnomros hemodialysis unit, on 50 prevalent HD patients. All patients were subjected to the following: Demographic data, laboratory investigations during the last 6 months, Echo-cardiogram before the study and after 6 months.

Results
The mean Ca was 7.94(±0.77 SD), the mean Po4 was 4.8(±0.8 SD), the mean PTH was 381(±127 SD), the mean vitamin D was 11.4(±1.5 SD).

Conclusion
High prevalence of vit D deficiency in dialysis patients, and showed a significant association between 25-OH vitamin D analogues supplementation and decrease cardio-vascular risk.
Protein Kinase C Delta as Novel Biomarker For HCC
Authors: Mohamed Kamal Maha Mohsen , Aziz Tary Magdy , Fathallah Ahmed Magdy , Rezk Zayan Amr Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the most common primary malignant tumour of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world. It occurs most commonly on top of a cirrhotic liver due multiple risk factors ranging from viral hepatitis, aflatoxin, alcohol intake, and metabolic syndrome the most prevalent of which is HCV infection.

Aim of the Work
This work aimed to study the relation between PKCd and AFP in HCC patients. Also, to correlate PKCd with different laboratory parameters. And finally, to evaluate the diagnostic value of PKCd in patients with HCC at early stages, alone and in combination with AFP.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 75 subjects who were divided into three groups. Group A included 25 patients with clinically diagnosed HCC most of whom were in the early stages of HCC. (Stage 0 and stage A by BCLC staging system), group B; 25 patients with clinically diagnosed with cirrhosis and group C; 25 apparently healthy subjects as the control group.

Results
Our analysis showed that the mean level of PKCd was significantly higher in patients with HCC (Group A) compared to the control group with moderate elevation in cirrhotic patients. PKCd shows higher sensitivity in group A compared to AFP. Another finding is that there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.431, p = 0.031) in patients with early-stage HCC (Group A) between PKCd and AFP. This strengthens our conclusion about the possibility of using PKCd as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of early HCC.

Conclusion
We propose that PKCd can be used as a potential non-invasive biomarker that has several advantages in diagnosis of HCC especially in patients with early-stage HCC as it can potentially surpass the diagnostic performance of other conventional biomarkers such as AFP in those patients.
Lupus Activity in Lupus Nephritis Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Treated with Haemodialysis
Authors: Abd-Allah Khalil Amr Elsayed Mohammed , Hafez Eman Ahmed , Morad Caroline Samy , Arafa Shyamaa Gamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the advanced stage of a progressive loss of kidney function. About 10% of all patients with lupus nephritis (LN) eventually progress to ESRD, which may necessitate renal replacement therapy (RRT), such as haemodialysis (HD). Assessment of lupus activity after haemodialysis initiation is crucial in improving outcomes. This issue is still under consideration by researchers.

Aim of the Work
The goal of this study is to analyze lupus activity in LN patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis

Patients and Methods
70 LN patients were divided into two groups: group A (35 patients) who were ESRD treated with haemodialysis, while group B (35 patients) who were chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3, 4. Non-renal systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (nrSLEDAI) score was used to assess lupus activity in both groups.

Results
Group A (haemodialysis group) exhibited considerably declined lupus activity compared to group B (CKD) group. With long term period maintenance on haemodialysis, there was an obvious remission in both clinical and serological parameters of lupus activity. Current doses of oral corticosteroids were less in group A than group B.

Conclusion
The current study's findings suggest that haemodialysis improves lupus activity clinically and serologically in what has been called burn-out phenomenon.
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Neomycin versus Rifaximin in Chronic Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ali Ahmed Alaasar Asmaa Ahmed , Monis Ahmed Ali , Riad George Safwat , Talkhan Mohamed Gamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potentially reversible neuropsychiatric and functional syndrome occurring in 50%-70% of patients with advanced liver disease, the most recent guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) suggest a universal definition of HE: “a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunting. It manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma.

Aim of the Work
To compare between the efficacy and safety of neomycin versus rifaximin in management of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 240 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and experienced recurrent hepatic encephalopathy and collected from Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Clinics, at Ain Shams university hospitals in a period of 6 months starting from April 2023 till October 2023.

Results
They were 123 females (51.25%) and 117 males (48.75%) with age ranged from 40 – 75 years and with mean±SD of 56.51 ± 9.10. hemoglobin level was significantly decreased post treatment in Rifaximin group [−8.75 (−15.65 – 1.11)] than neomycin [−1.96 (−3.57 – 0.89)] and mixed [0.11 (−4.55 – 4.91)] groups with p-value &lt;0.001. Also, the level of WBCs was significantly increased in Rifaximin [12.73 (2.53 – 75)] and Mixed [15.56 (9.09 – 24.53)] groups than Neomycin group [6.45(−10.09 – 15.56)] with p−value &lt;0.001 while the level of platelets was significantly increased in Rifaximin [10.93(−23.89 – 47.69)] and decreased in Neomycin [−5.41 (−9.02 – −2.94)] and Mixed [−5.36 (−10.00 – 3.8)] groups with significant difference between Rifaximin and the other two groups with p−value = 0.016.

Conclusion
Over a 6-month period, treatment with neomycin maintained remission from hepatic encephalopathy more effectively than did Rifaximin and mixed use of both neomycin and rifaximin. Also significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy, less hospital stay, better survival and quality of life, Neomycin in managing chronic recurrent hepatic encephalopathy was associated with lower serum creatinine levels and fewer nephrotoxic side effects in comparison to rifaximin and mixed use of neomycin and rifaximin together.
Evaluation of Level of Serum Immunoglobulin G, Serum Immunoglobulin M and Interleukin 10 in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Abdelbasset Asmaa Mohammed Saleh , Ashour Zeinab Ahmed Youssif , Abdelwahab Hoda Ezz El-Arab , Khalil Eman Alsayed Ahmed , Aldeeb Mai Ahmed Youssif , Abdelsayed Sylvia Talaat Kamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide, accounting for 9.4 million deaths and 7% of global disability adjusted life years. The etiology of essential hypertension is unclear, and its mechanisms are complex Perturbations of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, the endothelin system, genetic predisposition and environmental factors in combination or independently contribute to elevation of blood pressure (BP), and BP and/or the prohypertensive stimuli induce cardiovascular injury.

Aim of the Work
To measure levels of serum IgG, IgM, and IL10 in hypertensive patients as compared to healthy control.

Patients and Methods
This was a case-control clinical study that was conducted at the internal medicine outpatient clinic and wards of Ain Shams University hospitals on 100 subjects who weredivided into 2 groups.

Results
Interestingly our study showed that interleukin10 level was significantly lower in both treated and untreated hypertensives relative to control, this indicates that there is immune dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. Additionally We found that there is significant correlation between CRP, neutrophils and hypertension among study group this confirm that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. As expected we found the grade of progression of retinopathy andcarotid intima media thicknessincrease significantly with the degree of hypertension.

Conclusion
Hypertension may represent an extreme phenotype of a multifaceted and complex disease, it seems reasonable that more than one or perhaps a significant number of factors, including inflammatory and noninflammatory ones, may play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Although based on a relatively small number of patients, our results are provocative and support the importance of additional studies aimed at identifying laboratory markers that may relate to treatment resistance and ultimately to the development of new therapeutic strategies.