bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study on supercontinuum broadening based on the BIC model
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Sun Wenjie , He Runyu , Song Xiaoxian , Dai Zijie , Liu Yang , Pan Dong , Wu Di , Wang Yanan , Gao Zhongkun , Guan Chenshuai , Guo Kai , Chen Huan 
Published: November 2024

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) refers to waves that are entirely confined within the continuous spectrum of radiation waves without interacting with them. In our study, we attempted to construct a waveguide satisfying BIC conditions by forming a polymer layer on a 4H-SiC substrate, positioned on an SiO2 insulator. By fine-tuning the waveguide parameters, we minimized losses to the substrate continuum and determined that the lowest loss meeting BIC conditions occurs when the HSQ width is 1.82 µm and the 4H-SiC thickness is 440 nm. Subsequently, we investigated the supercontinuum generation (SCG) in this waveguide. First, we analyzed the primary linear and nonlinear effects in the SCG process, introducing well-established theoretical frameworks such as the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) for pulse propagation in nonlinear media. We then studied the influence of waveguide parameters on SCG, observing the variations in SCG with different HSQ widths and 4H-SiC thicknesses. Our results indicate that optimal spectral broadening and conversion efficiency are achieved with an HSQ width of 1.82 µm and a 4H-SiC thickness of 440 nm. In our simulations, the waveguide length was set to 1 cm, and the pump pulse was modeled as a Gaussian pulse with a width of 100 fs and a peak power of 8 W.
Facilitators and barriers to decision-making for hospital treatment among patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A qualitative urban-based study
Authors: Dominic Pascal Mkaka , Iseselo Masunga K. , Athanas Raymond 
Published: November 2024

Background
Breast cancer is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries and has become the second leading cause of death among women worldwide. The mortality may be related to delayed or inappropriate treatment decision-making among the diagnosed patients. Decision-making is an important determinant for successful treatment for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. In Tanzania, there is a lack of information in the context of facilitators and barriers to treatment decision-making after a breast cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to treatment decision-making among cancer patients in Tanzania.

Material and methods
A descriptive qualitative design was employed to explore the facilitators and barriers to treatment decision-making at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit fourteen female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data.

Findings
Two major themes emerged from the study findings, namely; facilitators to treatment decision-making such as patient understanding of treatment information, and healthcare providers’ support. Barriers to treatment decision-making include the cost of treatment, uncertainty about cancer treatment, and religious healing.

Conclusion
This study found that practising decision‐making for hospital treatment remains a challenge for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients’ understanding of treatment information and healthcare providers’ support are the main tools that can facilitate decision-making. Sensitization activities on breast cancer treatment in the community and coverage of insurance should be advocated to promote decision-making for hospital treatment.
Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with high PD-L1 expression in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Slomka Jeremy , Berthou Hugo , Mansuet-Lupo Audrey , Blons Hélène , Fabre Elizabeth , Lerner Ivan , Rance Bastien , Alifano Marco , Chapron Jeanne , Birsen Gary , Gibault Laure , Arrondeau Jennifer , Leroy Karen , Wislez Marie 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of PD-L1 expression may be linked to early resistance to TKI and reduced survival in NSCLC with EGFR mutations. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular features of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas and determine the prognostic significance associated with high PD-L1 expression.

Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of 103 consecutive patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, who received treatment between 01/01/2016 and 30/12/2020, at our institution.

Results
Among the tumors, 17% (n = 18) exhibited high PD-L1 expression (≥50% tumor proportion score), which was associated with a lower prevalence of common EGFR mutations (56% vs. 82%, p = 0.03) and a higher frequency of complex EGFR mutations (28% vs. 7%, p = 0.02). Univariate analysis did not reveal any significant differences in first-line response, progression-free survival, or overall survival between the PD-L1 ≥50% and <50% groups. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 ≥50% was independently associated with shorter survival (HR = 2.57; 95%CI[1.20–5.55]; p = 0.02), along with male gender (HR = 2.77; 95%CI[1.54–4.19]; p<0.005), presence of liver metastases (HR = 5.80; 95%CI[2.86–11.75]; p<0.005) or brain metastases (HR = 1.99; 95%CI[1.13–3.52]; p = 0.02), and poor general condition at diagnosis (ECOG 3 and 4) (HR = 10.69; 95% CI[4.42–25.85]; p<0.005). Additionally, a trend towards a higher frequency of de novo resistance was observed in the PD-L1 >50% group (7% vs. 17%, p = 0.19).

Conclusion
High PD-L1 expression was more commonly found in lung adenocarcinomas with uncommon and complex EGFR mutations. Furthermore, high PD-L1 expression independently predicted poor survival. These findings warrant validation through prospective studies.
Workforce development in community pharmacies in England: Opportunities and tensions for a private sector provider of NHS services
Authors: Astbury Jayne L. , Jacobs Sally , McDermott Imelda , Willis Sarah C. , Moss Aidan , Stearns Selma , Fenton Catherine , Hindi Ali M. K. , Seston Elizabeth M. , Schafheutle Ellen I. 
Published: November 2024

Background
The intention to more effectively mobilise and integrate the capabilities of the community pharmacy workforce within primary care is clearly stated within National Health Service (NHS) England policy. The Pharmacy Integration Fund (PhIF) was established in 2016 to support the development of clinical pharmacy practice in a range of primary care settings, including community pharmacy.

Objective
This study sought to determine how PhIF funded learning pathways for post-registration pharmacists and accuracy checking pharmacy technicians enabled community pharmacy workforce transformation, in what circumstances, and why.

Methods
Realist evaluation. We identified two main programme theories underpinning the PhIF programme and tested these theories against data collected through 41 semi-structured qualitative interviews with community pharmacist and pharmacy technician learners, educational supervisors, and community pharmacy employers.

Results
The data supported the initial programme theories and indicated that the learning pathway for post-registration pharmacists had also provided opportunity for pharmacists to develop and consolidate their clinical skills before pursuing an independent prescribing qualification. Employer support was a key factor influencing learner participation, whilst employer engagement was mediated by perceptions of value expectancy and clarity of purpose. The study also highlights the influence of contextual factors within the community pharmacy setting on opportunities for the application of learning in practice.

Conclusions
When designing and implementing workforce transformation plans and funded service opportunities that require the engagement of a diverse range of private, for-profit businesses within a mixed economy setting, policymakers should consider the contextual factors and mechanisms influencing participation of all stakeholder groups.
Variation between surgeons in reoperation rates following vertical strabismus surgery: Associations with patient and surgeon characteristics and adjustable sutures
Authors: Leffler Christopher T. , Woock Alicia , Shinbashi Meagan , Suggs Melissa 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To quantify inter-surgeon variation in vertical strabismus surgery reoperation rates, and to explore associations of reoperation rate with practice type and volume, surgical techniques, and patient characteristics.

Methods
Fee-for-service payments to providers in a national database for Medicare beneficiaries having vertical strabismus surgery between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to identify reoperations in the same calendar year. Predictors of the rate of reoperation for each surgeon were determined by multivariable linear regression.

Results
Among 73 surgeons, the reoperation rate for 1-vertical muscle surgery varied from 0.0% to 40.7%. Due to the presence of high-volume surgeons with high reoperation rates, just 11% of surgeons contributed over half of the reoperation events for 1-vertical muscle surgery. Use of adjustable sutures, surgeon gender, and surgical volume were not independently associated with surgeon reoperation rate. Associations of reoperation with patient characteristics, such as age and poverty, were explored. Patient poverty was independently associated with a lower surgeon reoperation rate (p = 0.03). Still, the multivariable model could explain only 14.2% of the variation in surgeon reoperation rate for 1-vertical muscle.

Conclusions
Patient-level analyses which ignore inter-surgeon variation will be dominated by the practices of a small number of high-volume, high-reoperation surgeons. There are order-of-magnitude variations in reoperation rates among strabismus surgeons, the cause of which remains largely unexplained.
Women’s preferences for caesarean or vaginal birth with a perspective of future fertility: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Crispin James D. , Mol Ben W. , van Wely Madelon , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: November 2024

Objective
To investigate pregnant women’s preferences for risks of vaginal and caesarean birth, including possible impacts on future fertility.

Methods
In this discrete choice experiment, low-risk nulliparous pregnant women recruited after 28 weeks of gestation evaluated eight choice sets, each between two different hypothetical births scenarios which intermixed the risks of planned caesarean or vaginal birth. Scenarios consisted of six attributes: pain, maternal health, neonatal health, risk of unplanned intervention, impact on fertility and risk of complications in the next pregnancy. All scenarios contained risks to neonatal health as neither vaginal nor caesarean birth guarantee an ideal outcome. Choice data were analysed using a conditional logistic regression model.

Results
Between June and September 2023, 211 participants, including 34 from pilot interviews, completed the questionnaire. Influential attributes were maternal health (conditional odds ratio [COR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.42, p<0.001) and risk of unplanned intervention (COR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.51, p<0.001), favouring caesarean birth. Conversely, impact on fertility (COR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.83, p<0.001) and complications in the next pregnancy favoured vaginal birth (COR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.00, p = 0.045).

Conclusions
Participants weighed the included morbidity risks of planned caesarean and vaginal birth in a low-risk pregnancy approximately equally. To facilitate an informed birth decision, clinicians should, apart from neonatal outcomes, particularly consider discussing impacts on fertility, maternal health and the risks of unplanned intervention or future pregnancy complications.
Longitudinal changes in sleep and sleep-related symptoms among Korean adults between 2010 to 2022, including the COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Park Hea Ree , Lee Seo-Young , Moon Hye-Jin , Kim Jee Hyun , Cho Jae Wook , Cho Yong Won , Yun Chang-Ho , Han Su-Hyun , Chu Min Kyung 
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted people’s lifestyles, changing sleep patterns. This study investigated changes in sleep patterns and disturbances in South Koreans over the past decade, including during the pandemic.

Methods
We compared data from the Korean Sleep Headache Society Phase I survey (n = 2484; conducted in 2010) and the National Sleep Survey of South Korea 2022 (n = 3729; conducted in 2022), involving participants aged 20–69 years. Changes in sleep schedule, sleep duration, social jet lag, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness were explored.

Results
Workday bedtimes were advanced and free-day bedtimes and workday and free-day waking times were delayed during the pandemic. Increased circadian preference for eveningness and social jet lag were noted. A significant decrease in sleep duration and sleep efficiency, along with an increased prevalence of insomnia and daytime sleepiness, was noted with age- and sex-specific variations.

Conclusions
Over the past decade, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep habits have changed significantly and sleep problems worsened. This study emphasize the need for more comprehensive public health strategies and research to facilitate sleep recovery in the post-pandemic period within a society known for its high prevalence of sleep deprivation.
A/r/tography: Essential Readings and Conversations, Rita L. Irwin, Alexandra Lasczik, Anita Sinner and Valerie Triggs (eds) (2024)
Authors: Whittington Michael 
Published: November 2024

Review of: A/r/tography: Essential Readings and Conversations, Rita L. Irwin, Alexandra Lasczik, Anita Sinner and Valerie Triggs (eds) (2024)
Bristol: Intellect, 440 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78938-799-5, p/bk, £29.95
The role of leptin in endometrium disorders: literature review
Authors: Ievleva K. D. , Danusevich I. N. , Suturina L. V. 
Published: November 2024

Leptin is not only the main regulator of energy balance, but also it affects the reproductive and immune systems. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the endometrium and are actively involved in the embryo implantation. According to numerous studies, expression and level changes of leptin are associated with the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including endometriosis and chronic endometritis. Hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases of the uterus are accompanied by a violation of the receptivity of the endometrium due to the dysregulation of many factors involved in proliferation, vascularization and decidualization of cells. Activity of most of these factors is due to the leptin action, however, there are no studies of the direct effect of leptin in the pathogenesis of disorders of the endometrium in hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases.Thus, the purpose of this literature review was to describe the putative molecular mechanisms of the effect of leptin on the development of endometrial pathology.Literature search was carried out from 03/20/2023 to 05/11/2023 using scientific literature databases: NCBI PubMed, Google Scholar (foreign sources), Cyberleninka, Elibrary (domestic sources): references for the period 1995-2023 were analyzed. The following keywords were used for the search: leptin, endometrial dysfunction, endometrial receptivity, inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease.
Main epidemiological indicators of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Russian Federation for 2014–2023
Authors: Laptev D. N. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Sheshko E. L. , Aleksandrova G. A. , Chumakova O. V. , Krestovskaya N. M. , Kulaev A. Sh. , Peterkova V. A. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus in childhood, where, unlike in adults, it accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes. The constant change in the epidemiology of T1DM with significant differences in populations and regions requires systematic data collection and analysis for timely monitoring of T1DM trends.AIM: Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of T1DM in children in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years — from 2014 to 2023.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was the data obtained from the federal statistical observation form No. 12 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization» for the period from 2014 to 2023. The prevalence (total number of registered cases) and incidence (cases with a diagnosis established for the first time) of T1DM (ICD-10 code: E10) were analyzed in children in three age groups: from 0 to 14 years, from 15 to 17 years, and combined from 0 to 17 years (inclusive).RESULTS: Over the analyzed period, the prevalence of T1DM increased steadily from 238.6 in 2014 to 374.2 cases per 100,000 children in 2023. The prevalence of T1DM in adolescents from 15 to 17 years was higher than in children and amounted to 120.3-203.2 cases per 100,000 adolescents, while in children under 14 years of age, the prevalence was 100.1–172.2 cases per 100,000 children. The annual increase in the prevalence of T1DM averaged 6.3% (95% CI 4.9–7.8). The incidence of T1DM during the analyzed period was 19.1–27.2 cases per 100,000 children and also had a general tendency toward an annual increase in new cases. At the same time, over the past three years, there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates at 26.5–27.2 per 100,000 children. The annual increase in incidence averaged 4.9% (95% CI 0.9–8.9). The greatest increase in the incidence of T1DM was observed in regions with low incidence.CONCLUSION: The epidemiology of T1DM in the Russian Federation is characterized by significant regional and dynamic changes. Over the period 2014-2023, the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children has increased significantly, increasing annually by an average of 5%, while there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates over the past three years.
Die Stadtbibliothek Heidenheim – preisgekröntes Gebäude im Herzen der Stadt
Authors: Jentsch Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Neubau, das Konzept und den Erfolg der Stadtbibliothek Heidenheim. Auf dem ehemaligen Gefängnisgelände an der Schnittstelle zwischen historischer Innenstadt und der Nachkriegsbebauung wurde Ende 2017 der Neubau der Stadtbibliothek eröffnet. Gemäß ihrer geografischen Lage hat die Stadtbibliothek sich schnell auch in der Mitte der Stadtgesellschaft etabliert und ist so zum beliebten Treffpunkt für Groß und Klein geworden. Neben dem riesigen Angebot an physischen und digitalen Medien stehen die hohe Aufenthaltsqualität im Gebäude sowie das vielfältige Veranstaltungsangebot im Mittelpunkt.
„Wilde Schriften!“,
Authors: Schaab Rupert 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der neue Erweiterungsbau der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek erhielt als Geschenk ihres Fördervereins 16 typographische Installationen des namhaften Typographen Andreas Uebele, die dieser mit seinem Büro eigens für den Neubau geschaffen hat. Die zumeist zeitgenössischen Texte aus aller Welt setzen gegen Unglück und Gewalt die Kraft der Literatur. Mit ihrer oft nicht auf Anhieb entzifferbaren Gestaltung provozieren die Installationen zur eingehenderen Auseinandersetzung mit den Texten.
Technische Umsetzung und Funktionen von SocioHub: Eine Analyse des Kollaborationsportals für Soziologie und Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Lang Maike , Hamad Ameen Rawa , Badalova Fidan , Yang Han 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
SocioHub bietet über 3 000 Mitgliedern aus der Soziologie und den Sozialwissenschaften ein Kollaborationsportal für Zusammenarbeit, Vernetzung und Austausch. Der Fachinformationsdienst Soziologie, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), wird von den Projektpartnern Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften und Qualiservice betrieben. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die technische Umsetzung von SocioHub und stellt die Funktionen des Kollaborationsportals vor, die sich als wichtige Werkzeuge in der soziologischen Forschungslandschaft etabliert haben.
10 Jahre Archivportal-D
Authors: Meyer Nils , Ruisinger Denise 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im September 2024 jährte sich die offizielle Freischaltung des Archivportal-D zum zehnten Mal. Zu diesem Anlass wirft der Beitrag einen Blick zurück und in die Zukunft. Ausgehend von der Vorgeschichte des Portals werden die Anpassungen der Webseite sowie die verschiedenen, mit der Aggregation von Archivinformationen in Verbindung stehenden Problemfelder und Herausforderungen beleuchtet.
Green synthesis and effective utilization of biogenic Al2O3-nanocoupled fungal lipase in the resolution of active homochiral 2-octanol and its immobilization via aluminium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Sikander , Tahir Ghanwa , Usman Ahmad Muhammad , Liaqat Iram , Nauman Aftab Muhammad , Khurshid Shazia , Khan Jahangir , Sarwar Abid , Aziz Tariq , Alharbi Metab , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Albekairi Thamer H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study highlights the true potential of Rhizopus oligosporus IIB-08 to produce lipase enzyme under solid-state fermentation and focuses on improving the properties of lipase by immobilizing it on biogenic aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al-NPs) for better resolution of active homochiral 2-octanol. For this purpose, almond meal substrate showed 10.44 ± 0.36 U·g−1 lipase activity. The immobilization of lipase on biogenic Al-NPs prepared using Mentha spicata leaf extract led towards improved stability and catalytic efficiency, resulting in a 9.3% increase in activity compared to free enzyme. This study also examined the potential of the immobilized lipase in the effective resolution of 2-octanol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of lipase-catalysed fatty acids, such as linolenic acid (C18:3), linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid, and oleic acid (C18:1), with palmitic acid exhibiting the highest concentration (142 μg·ml−1) at a retention time of 23.2 min. This study concludes that R. oligosporus IIB-08 is a promising source for lipase production and demonstrates the significant potential of nanoparticle-immobilized lipase in resolving pharmaceutically important organic chemicals, thereby making it a promising approach for different industrial applications. However, further scaling up is needed for better implementation in the industry.