bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare
Authors: Ma Yinji , Zhang Yingchao , Cai Shisheng , Han Zhiyuan , Liu Xin , Wang Fengle , Cao Yu , Wang Zhouheng , Li Hangfei , Chen Yihao , Feng Xue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible hybrid electronics that can combine the high‐performance electrical properties of conventional wafer‐based electronics with the ability to be stretched, bent, and twisted to arbitrary shapes, revolutionizing the transformation of traditional healthcare to digital healthcare. Here, material innovation and structural design for the preparation of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed, a brief chronology of these advances is given, and biomedical applications in bioelectrical monitoring and stimulation, optical monitoring and treatment, acoustic imitation and monitoring, bionic touch, and body‐fluid testing are described. In conclusion, some remarks on the challenges for future research of flexible hybrid electronics are presented.
Engineering of the Back Contact between PCBM and Metal Electrode for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Xiong Shaobing , Yuan Meng , Yang Jianming , Song Jingnan , Guo Xuewen , Li Xiang , Li Bo , Liu Xianjie , Duan Chungang , Liu Feng , Fahlman Mats , Bao Qinye 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cathode interface plays a critical role in achieving high‐performance fullerene/perovskite planar solar cells. Herein, the simple molecule Isatin and its derivatives are introduced at the back contact [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al as a cathode modification interlayer. It is revealed that the Isatin interlayers facilitate electron transport/extraction and suppress electron recombination, attributed to the formation of negative dipole potential steps and the passivation of the interfacial trap density. The average power conversion efficiencies of the resulting devices are significantly improved by 11% from 17.68% to 19.74%, with an enhancement in all device parameters including short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor. The hysteresis index is found to disappear. In addition, such interlayer enhances device stability under ambient conditions compared to the control devices due to suppression of moisture‐induced degradation of the perovskite films. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the engineering of the back contact between PCBM and the metal electrode to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Novel Stretchable Ambipolar Electrochromic Devices Based on Highly Transparent AgNW/PDMS Hybrid Electrodes
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hao , Li Fang‐Wei , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNovel stretchable ambipolar electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on highly transparent silver nanowire (AgNW)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid electrodes are successfully prepared in this study. A facile fabrication methodology has been proposed for the preparation of highly transparent and stretchable ECDs by judiciously combining electrochromic materials and AgNW/PDMS hybrid electrodes. Additionally, these stretchable ECDs are composed of an ambipolar system based on triphenylamine derivatives and heptyl viologen. The obtained stretchable ECDs based on the AgNW/PDMS hybrid electrodes are initially colorless; these ECDs exhibit high transparency at the neutral state and reveal various colors according to different ambipolar redox couples at the related applied potentials.
Seamless MoTe2 Homojunction PIN Diode toward 1300 nm Short‐Wave Infrared Detection
Authors: Lee Han Sol , Lim June Yeong , Yu Sanghyuck , Jeong Yeonsu , Park Sam , Oh Kyunghwan , Hong Seongjin , Yang Seunghoon , Lee Chul‐Ho , Im Seongil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHomojunction PN and PIN diodes based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MoTe2 are reported in this work. Up to date, for PN junction diodes, type II‐based heterojunction diodes are mainly seen in report, but homojunction PN diodes using 2D‐layered materials are still rare although they enable seamless integration. Recently, hydrogen (H)‐doped n‐type MoTe2, achieved via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of a p‐type MoTe2 surface, was reported. Consequently, a lateral homojunction PN diode was realized by H‐doping. In fact, MoTe2‐based devices with a thickness on the order of nanometers can be applied for short‐wave infrared (SWIR) detection in the range of ≈1300 nm, a wavelength that Si‐based devices cannot properly address. Here, a seamless MoTe2 homojunction PIN diode is demonstrated, achieving the detection of visible to 1300 nm SWIR photons. This thin MoTe2 initially forms a PN junction by selective H‐doping, but a PIN diode is even obtained using two split gates. Compared to the PN diode mode, the PIN mode greatly enhances the photoresponse in the visible to 1300 nm wavelength range because of the increased built‐in electric field. The Franz–Keldysh effect is regarded strongly responsible for the effective absorption of 1300 nm SWIR photons in MoTe2. It is anticipated that this development may support Si photodetectors for integration on Si devices.
Ecological niche modeling and a lack of phylogeographic structure in Vriesea incurvata suggest historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Aguiar‐Melo Camila , Zanella Camila M. , Goetze Márcia , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Hirsch Luiza D. , Neves Beatriz , da Costa Andrea F. , Bered Fernanda 
Published: June 2019

PremiseDespite the efforts to understand the processes that shape neotropical biodiversity, the complexity of certain biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest (AF), prevents the generalization of patterns. Initially, ecological niche modeling (ENM), with phylogeographic studies, identified past stable areas in the central and northern portions of the AF, while the southern portion was thought to be highly fragmented. Here, we examined the phylogeography, historical patterns, genetic diversity, and population structure of Vriesea incurvata, an endemic species of the southern portion of the AF.MethodsWe evaluated 149 individuals using two plastid DNA regions (cpDNA) and 13 nuclear microsatellite markers (nuSSRs) to access the historical patterns, genetic diversity, and structure of V. incurvata populations. We also conducted historical demography and ENM analyses.ResultsWe found moderate to high genetic diversity and low population structure for both genomes. The cpDNA network revealed high haplotype sharing. The ENM suggested no drastic changes in suitable areas for V. incurvata occurrence, corroborating the finding of no phylogeographic structure.ConclusionsContrary to some studies, our results indicate that the southern AF was a historically stable climate region for V. incurvata occupation after southward colonization by the species. Past climatic changes probably did not cause structuring among its populations.
On the sunny side of (new) life: Effect of sunshine duration on age at first reproduction in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Pflüger Lena S. , Pink Katharina E. , Böck Anja , Huffman Michael A. , Wallner Bernard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo produce offspring early in life is energetically demanding and depends greatly on environmental conditions. In female primates, age at first reproduction (AFR) has been associated with social parameters (e.g., population density and social rank), food availability and meteorological conditions (e.g., photoperiod, rainfall patterns, and temperature). Regarding the latter, less attention has been given to the influence of sunshine. In nonhuman primates, including the northern‐most distributed Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), sunbathing is an effective thermoregulatory strategy to maintain sufficient energy intake during harsh winter months. Furthermore, the energetic value of sunshine and its role in the synthesis of essential vitamins important for sexual development and overall fertility is well investigated using human and animal models. In the present study, we hypothesized that female's AFR is influenced by the amount of sunshine in a semi‐free‐ranging, provisioned a group of Japanese macaques. To test this, we gathered data on sunshine duration in the year females theoretically experienced the onset of puberty. This phase of the female life cycle is particularly prone to the effects of environmental conditions. In addition to the investigation of sunshine duration and other meteorological conditions (i.e., rainfall and temperature) we controlled for social parameters (i.e., group size and sex ratio) as potential covariates. We found a clear effect of sunshine duration on female AFR: Females who entered puberty in years with more sunshine reproduced for the first time at significantly younger ages than females who experienced less sunshine during this specific period of their development. Possible mechanisms for how the sunshine influences sexual maturation in Japanese macaques are discussed.
Central compartment involvement in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: the role of allergy and previous sinus surgery
Authors: DelGaudio John M. , Levy Joshua M. , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEvidence for a relationship between allergy and chronic rhinosinusitus with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is equivocal. Central compartment (CC) atopic disease is a nasal inflammatory condition related to inhalant allergy. CC involvement is common in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a subset of CRSwNP, and we hypothesize it is related to allergic status.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of a single‐institution database for the January 2016 to February 2019 time period. Data regarding endoscopic CC findings, clinical allergy history, and results of allergy testing were collected. Statistical analysis was performed, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsSeventy‐two AERD patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐nine patients had CC involvement (53 bilateral, 6 unilateral). For patients with documented allergy status, 100% of patients with endoscopic CC disease had clinical allergic rhinitis (AR), and 45 of 48 (93.8%) had positive allergy testing. Thirteen patients had no CC involvement (4 with clinical AR; 3 of 7 with positive allergy testing). CC endoscopic findings in AERD were significantly associated with clinical allergy (p < 0.0001, phi = 0.771). Overall, patients with CC involvement averaged 3.8 surgeries vs 3.2 for those without CC involvement (p = not statistically significant). However, patients with septal involvement averaged 4.2 surgeries vs 2.0 for those without septal involvement (p = 0.004). As the number of sinus surgeries increases, middle turbinate (MT) resection (r = 0.300, p = 0.022) and septal involvement (r = 0.372, p = 0.004) significantly increase. All patients with MT resection had septal disease, whereas none without CC disease had MT resection.ConclusionMost AERD patients exhibit AR, and this correlates with CC disease. As the number of surgeries increases, MT resection may predispose to polyposis of the septum.
Das Periodensystem – eine universelle Ikone: seine Entstehung vor 150 Jahren und seine Verbreitung durch Literatur, Kunst und Musik
Authors: Shaik Sason , Cremades Eduard , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDieser Essay beleuchtet den sprühenden Geist Mendeleevs. Seine Leistungen führten zur Aufstellung des Periodischen Systems, durch das die gesamte Welt chemischer Materie auf einem Handteller Platz hat. Das Periodensystem basiert auf einem zentralen Denkmuster und bedeutet für die Chemie so viel wie Newtons Errungenschaften für die Physik oder Darwins Thesen für die Biologie. Darüber hinaus beschäftigt sich der Essay mit der Verbreitung des Periodensystems durch die Literatur von Primo Levi, Oliver Sacks und anderen, sowie durch Musik und die darstellende Kunst, von Musikern und Künstlern wie Jerry Feldman, der King Crimson Band, Tom Lehrer und George Brecht, Blair Bradshaw, Eugènia Balcells, etc.
An Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework as a Flexible Thin‐Film Electrode for a High‐Performance Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Xu Junsong , He Yafei , Bi Shuai , Wang Mao , Yang Peng , Wu Dongqing , Wang Jianjian , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeveloping effective synthetic strategies as well as enriching functionalities for sp2‐carbon‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) still remains a challenge. Now, taking advantage of a variant of Knoevenagel condensation, a new fully conjugated COF (g‐C34N6‐COF) linked by unsubstituted C=C bonds was synthesized. Integrating 3,5‐dicyano‐2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine and 1,3,5‐triazine units into the molecular framework leads to the enhanced π‐electron communication and electrochemical activity. This COF shows uniform nanofibrous morphology. By assembling it with carbon nanotubes, a flexible thin‐film electrode for a micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) can be easily obtained. The resultant COF‐based MSC shows an areal capacitance of up to 15.2 mF cm−2, a high energy density of up to 7.3 mWh cm−3, and remarkable rate capability. These values are among the highest for state‐of‐the‐art MSCs. Moreover, this device exhibits excellent flexibility and integration capability.
Reevaluating Protein Photoluminescence: Remarkable Visible Luminescence upon Concentration and Insight into the Emission Mechanism
Authors: Wang Qian , Dou Xueyu , Chen Xiaohong , Zhao Zihao , Wang Shuang , Wang Yunzhong , Sui Kunyan , Tan Yeqiang , Gong Yongyang , Zhang Yongming , Yuan Wang Zhang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is a textbook knowledge that protein photoluminescence stems from the three aromatic amino acid residues of tryptophan(Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe), with predominant contributions from Trp. Recently, inspired by the intrinsic emission of nonaromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids) in concentrated solutions and solids, we revisited protein light emission using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model. BSA is virtually nonemissive in dilute solutions (≤0.1 mg mL−1), but highly luminescent upon concentration or aggregation, showing unique concentration‐enhanced emission and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Notably, apart from well‐documented UV luminescence, bright blue emission is clearly observed. Furthermore, persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) is achieved even in the amorphous solids under ambient conditions. This visible emission can be rationalized by the clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. These findings not only provide an in‐depth understanding of the emissive properties of proteins, but also hold strong implications for further elucidating the basis of tissue autofluorescence.
Herstellung von polyfunktionellen Arylzinkreagenzien in Toluol mittels Halogen/Zink‐Austauschreaktionen
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Ziegler Dorothée S. , Desaintjean Alexandre , Bole Leonie J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva , Knochel Paul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnter Verwendung von bimetallischen Reagenzien des Typs R′2Zn⋅2 LiOR (R′=sBu, tBu, pTol) wurde innerhalb von 10 min bis 5 h in Toluol eine breite Menge an polyfunktionellen Diaryl‐ und Diheteroarylzinkreagenzien mittels eines I/Zn‐ oder Br/Zn‐Austausches erhalten. Hochempfindliche funktionelle Gruppen, wie zum Beispiel ein Triazin, ein Keton, ein Aldehyd oder eine Nitrogruppe, wurden in diesen Austauschreaktionen toleriert, was nach Abfangreaktionen mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen zu einer Fülle an funktionalisierten (Hetero)aromaten führte. Die Einsicht in die Konstitution und Reaktivität dieser bimetallischen Verbindungen offenbarte die Bildung von hochreaktiven Lithium‐diorganodialkoxyzinkaten des Typs [R′2Zn(OR)2Li2].
The Periodic‐Table—A Universal Icon: Its Birth 150 Years Ago, and Its Popularization Through Literature Art and Music
Authors: Shaik Sason , Cremades Eduard , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis Essay projects the spark of genius of Mendeleev, whose efforts led to the effective formulation of the periodic table, which has placed the entire world of chemical matter on a palm. The periodic table gave rise to a central paradigm, which did for chemistry what Newton had done for physics and Darwin for biology. Subsequently the Essay recounts the popularization of the Periodic Table through literature by Primo Levi, Oliver Sacks and others, and through music and art by composers and artists, such as Jerry Feldman, the King Crimson band, Tom Lehrer, and George Brecht, Blair Bradshaw, Eugènia Balcells, etc.
Effect of Media Components and Growth Conditions for Improved Linoleic Acid Production by Beauveria Species
Authors: Sanghi Smrati , Chirmade Tejas , More Snehal , Prabhune Asmita , Gupta Vidya , Kadoo Narendra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBeauveria species are well‐known insect pathogenic fungi, and Beauveria bassiana is used as a biopesticide against various pests in agriculture. However, the Beauveria species has not been reported as producers of microbial oils. In this study, Beauveria spp. MTCC 5184 was used to produce microbial oil with high linoleic acid (LA) content. Ten experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of several media parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, various concentrations of carbon and nitrogen, growth duration, and oleic acid (OLA) supplementation for maximum LA and dry biomass production by the fungus. Several of these parameters had a significant impact on the production of LA, as well as dry biomass. The glucose yeast extract (GYE) medium supplemented with 1.5% (w/v) peptone yielded maximum LA (0.32 ± 0.01 g L−1) and biomass (5.51 ± 0.26 g L−1). However, through the addition of 1.0% (w/v) OLA, the precursor of LA, LA production was enhanced 12‐fold (1.24 ± 0.03 g L−1), and the biomass production increased by 5‐fold (11.05 ± 0.46 g L−1) in comparison to those in the basal (GYE) medium. Using lactose as the sole carbon source produced the lowest LA (0.05 ± 0.00 g L−1) and biomass (1.04 ± 0.10 g L−1). The results of this study will be useful for the commercial exploitation of this fungus for the production of LA‐rich microbial oil for use in the production of lubricants, greases, paints, cosmetics, etc.
Back to Basics: Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions that people are born into and live under that affect their health. Nurses are responsible for addressing these determinants when possible. Perioperative nurses encounter the effects of SDOH when patients express concern about surgery scheduling times, transportation, child care, and other support‐related issues during the perioperative period. Some SDOH are related to social identity (eg, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation) as a result of the oppression and discrimination that some groups experience. Perioperative nurses can establish trust with their patients by identifying their needs and partnering with community‐based organizations to address some of those needs (eg, transportation, legal assistance), which may help relieve stress for their patients and promote better postsurgical outcomes. Although health care workers can assist individual patients to address the effects of SDOH on their health and life, policy change is needed to ensure long‐term benefits.
A Practical Guide to Performance Improvement: Implementation of Systematic Methodologies
Authors: Dawson Anthony 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article discusses performance improvement (PI) and the various methods that PI teams can use to provide a framework for improvement. Teams that complete successful PI projects use a systematic methodology that guides them through the process in a step‐by‐step manner, with each step building upon the previous one using data collection methods and analytics. Personnel involved with PI projects may need to use various methodologies to achieve improvement. These tools range from Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles to more complex methods such as Six Sigma, which uses a define, measure, analyze, improve, and control process as its foundation. This article includes examples of how PI project team members can implement various methodologies and analysis tools to improve processes across the PI project continuum. After reviewing this article, the reader should have a better understanding of the systematic methodologies supporting the PI process. This is the third article of a six‐part series about performance improvement.
A pH‐based experimental method for carbon dioxide exchange evaluation in cylindrical hollow fiber membrane oxygenators
Authors: Tabesh Hadi , Gholami Mohammad Hossein , Torabi Dorsa , Mottaghy Khosrow 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCarbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR) is an important performance characteristic of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator (HFMO), which is used as an artificial lung in clinical practices. In vitro measurement of CTR through HFMOs is challenging specifically in investigations with natural blood. In this study, a straightforward and applicable method is presented in order to simulate blood CO2 exchange through HFMOs and consequently calculate the corresponding CTR. The method is based on CO2 dissociation in deionized water resulting in pH drop of the aqueous solution. The results of proposed method are then validated comparing with in vitro investigations using native porcine blood (NPB) in two types of commercially available HFMOs. Moreover, an innovative relationship between effective membrane surface area, blood retention time, and mixing ratio of CO2 and N2 gases in pH drop experiment is introduced in order to simulate the CTR of complicated NPB investigations. The results reveal a good agreement between pH‐based calculated CTRs and those investigated conventionally using NPB. This method would be principally applicable not only for other cylindrical HFMOs but also for other configurations of hollow fiber membrane contactors.
Development and status of resin composite as dental restorative materials
Authors: Zhou Xinxuan , Huang Xiaoyu , Li Mingyun , Peng Xian , Wang Suping , Zhou Xuedong , Cheng Lei 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDental composites are comprised of a polymerizable matrix and reinforcing fillers that can be hardened into a solid restoration in the prepared tooth cavity. Composites are becoming increasingly popular due to their esthetics and improved mechanical and physical properties. However, dental composites still encounter several problems, mainly secondary (recurrent) caries, restoration fracture, excessive wear, marginal degradation, and tooth sensitivity. Therefore, extensive efforts are underway to improve the composite compositions and microstructure, and enhance their clinical performance and longevity. Relying on advances in materials science and technology, dental composites have been continuously improved and their clinical applications have been expanded. In this review article, the development of dental composites was summarized, including compositional changes, performance improvements in key areas, current research hot spots, and outlook for future direction. The intention is to provide a review of the history and development of dental composites with a discussion of strategies on addressing the current challenges facing dental composites. In addition, this review will provide a better understanding of dental composites and their properties for the practicing clinicians, to contribute to improving the quality of composite restorations. The review of literature indicates that while current composites are generally bio‐inert and can replace the missing tooth structure, future composites should be bioactive and therapeutic to inhibit caries, modulate biofilms, and protect the surrounding tooth structures, in order to increase the restoration longevity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48180.