bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between atopic dermatitis and hand eczema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ruff S.M.D. , Engebretsen K.A. , Zachariae C. , Johansen J.D. , Silverberg J.I. , Egeberg A. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common type of eczema, is a skin disease of early childhood. It causes intense itching and dry skin. Most children and adults experience eczema of the flexures (bends of the knees and elbows), but some adult patients also have eczema on the face, hands and feet. Traditional atopic hand eczema (HE) is located on the dorsal aspects (backs) of the hands, probably because the skin is thinner here than on the palms. However, AD also increases the risk of HE that develops due to irritants such as soap and water, so-called ‘irritant contact dermatitis’. This subtype of HE often begins on the skin between or on the sides of the fingers but can be located anywhere on the hands including the palms. Importantly, HE can prevent people being able to work and can reduce their enjoyment and quality of life. The present study looked into the link between AD and HE by reviewing published literature and scientific studies. In each study we searched for data on the association between AD and HE. We combined the results from 26 studies, which showed that patients with present or past AD had a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of HE when looking at one-year- and lifetime prevalence of HE (meaning people who developed HE at any point over the course of a given year, or ever in their lives so far, even if they did not have it currently). A slightly weaker association was found when studying the link with current HE. Similar positive associations were found when looking at HE due to exposure to irritants from different occupations, and HE reported in the general population. In conclusion, our analysis showed that patients with AD had a strongly increased likelihood of HE. Clinicians should continue to guide patients with AD away from occupations with high risk of HE where possible. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the importance of determining the association between AD and different types of HE.
Characterization of CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes in keloid disease
Authors: Chen Z. , Zhou L. , Won T. , Gao Z. , Wu X. , Lu L. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Keloid is a type of scar which seems like an overgrown scar, and can even be larger or more visible than the original wound. They are most common in darker skin types. Although the exact causes of keloid remain unknown, we know that the immune system is involved. Memory T lymphocytes are cells that can provide a rapid and highly effective immune response against pathogens (harmful bacteria or viruses) and can recognize a wide variety of antigens (toxins or foreign substances in the body). In this study, the authors sought to investigate the abnormalities of a specific memory T cell called CD3+CD45RO+ in keloid scars by analyzing blood and tissue samples. The authors, from Shanghai, China, found that most of T lymphocytes in keloid scars are CD3+CD45RO+ memory T cells, and they describe the ways in which this type differs from another type of memory T cells called FOXP3-CD8-mT. The authors also identified a profound decrease in the number of cells, called CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ regulatory T cells, in patients with multiple keloid scars, and a significant increase of CD8+CD103+ memory T cells in keloid scars. The authors concluded that there exist distinct abnormalities in CD45RO+ memory T-cell subsets in keloid scars and it may imply that dysregulation of T cell responses may play a role in the development of keloid scarring. Further research is required.
基于人群的临床实践研究数据链研究使用算法模型来鉴定化脓性汗腺炎的真正负担
Authors: Ingram J.R. , Jenkins-Jones S. , Knipe D.W. , Morgan C.L.I. , Cannings-John R. , Piguet V. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
化脓性汗腺炎是一种影响年轻人的长期皮肤病,会导致皮肤褶皱部位(例如腋窝和腹股沟)多处生疮。疮非常疼痛,且可能会生脓并留下难看的疤痕。HS的普遍性如何仍存有争议,近期一些使用了美国医疗保险数据的报告表明,约有0.1%的人口受到这种疾病的影响,这个数据低于使用自我报告调查问卷(由患者填写)的欧洲研究所得出的数据。这可能是因为保险数据库漏掉了未确诊的病例。我们的研究团队位于英国,旨在使用由英国的全科医师(GP)记录的电子数据来鉴定已知和之前未确诊的HS病例。在鉴别未确诊病例时,我们查找了因至少5处皮肤疮而向医生问诊的患者,并向一些医生发送再次确认的问卷而验证诊断。在GP数据库中的430万名患者中,我们找出了23,000名确诊的HS患者和10,000名未确诊患者,这表示有0.77%的英国人口患有HS。如果包括疑似病例(患者拥有1~4次皮肤疮会诊),这个数字将升至1.19%。将HS患者与未患有HS的类似人群相比较,可以发现,前者的吸烟率和肥胖率(普遍率是后者的三倍),以及2型糖尿病、克罗恩氏病、血脂水平升高、痤疮、高血压和抑郁症的几率都较高。但未发现HS与溃疡性结肠炎或多囊卵巢综合症之间存在关联。结论是,我们发现HS相对较为普遍,比估计数量高出近十倍(使用美国保险数据)。HS患者患上心脏病和中风的风险因素比率较高,因此,检查这些状况非常重要。
Advance organizers in videos for software training of Chinese students
Authors: van der Meij Hans 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of demonstration‐based training (DBT) videos for software training has been investigated for a Western audience. These studies have generally found that the demonstration videos significantly enhanced self‐efficacy and task performance, but also that there was a gap between task practice and learning with the latter lagging behind. The present study investigated the effectiveness of DBT‐videos for software training of Chinese students. The control condition presented demonstrations only. In the experimental condition demonstrations were preceded with advance organizers that aimed to enhance learning. The 61 participants (mean age 11.8 years) came from a middle school in China. Data analyses revealed that self‐efficacy significantly improved in both conditions. Task performance success also increased significantly over time. The familiar gap between task practice and learning was found between task practice and outcomes on an immediate post‐test. However, on the delayed post‐test this difference had disappeared. An effect of the advance organizer was found for accuracy of the self‐efficacy appraisals, and for gain scores from pretest to delayed post‐test. It is concluded that DBT‐based demonstration videos are moderately effective for software training of Chinese students, and that it can be beneficial to precede these with advance organizers.
Fertility preservation in testicular cancer – predictors of spermatogenesis
Authors: Moody Jemma A. , Ahmed Kamran , Horsfield Catherine , Pedersen Malene R.V. , Yap Tet , Shabbir Majid 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of spermatogenesis in patients with testicular cancer and to assess for any predictors of spermatogenesis.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 103 testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) in men who underwent radical orchidectomy conducted at Guy's Hospital, London, between 2011 and 2015. Primary outcome measures included: the presence and characteristics of spermatogenesis (widespread/focal/proximity to tumour). Secondary outcome measures included: the presence of testicular microlithiasis, tumour characteristics (size, stage, and type), and tumour markers. Secondary outcome measures as potential predictors of spermatogenesis were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsSpermatogenesis was present in 70% (72/103) of the patients; it was widespread in 63% (45/72) and focal in 38% (27/72). Neither tumour type, stage, presence of microcalcification nor tumour markers predicted spermatogenesis. Men with a percentage testis tumour occupation (PTTO) of >50% of their testis were 82% (95% confidence interval 73.2–98.4) less likely to have spermatogenesis than a PTTO of <50%.ConclusionsSpermatogenesis is present in most testes affected by TGCTs; it is widespread in two‐thirds of patients, and located away from the tumour in 94%. These findings can help predict and guide successful surgical sperm retrieval in testes with TGCTs. The finding of focal spermatogenesis in a third of patients would support a microsurgical approach to sperm retrieval at the time of orchidectomy to maximise success.
A unique telomere DNA expansion phenotype in human retinal rod photoreceptors associated with aging and disease
Authors: Bell W. Robert , Meeker Alan K. , Rizzo Anthony , Rajpara Sumit , Rosenthal Ian M. , Flores Bellver Miguel , Aparicio Domingo Silvia , Zhong Xiufeng , Barber John R. , Joshu Corinne E. , Canto‐Soler M. Valeria , Eberhart Charles G. , Heaphy Christopher M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have identified a discrete, focal telomere DNA expansion phenotype in the photoreceptor cell layer of normal, non‐neoplastic human retinas. This phenotype is similar to that observed in a subset of human cancers, including a large fraction of tumors of the central nervous system, which maintain their telomeres via the non‐telomerase‐mediated alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. We observed that these large, ultra‐bright telomere DNA foci are restricted to the rod photoreceptors and are not observed in other cell types. Additionally, focus‐positive rod cells are dispersed homogeneously throughout the posterior retinal photoreceptor cell layer and appear to be human‐specific. We examined 108 normal human retinas obtained at autopsy from a wide range of ages. These large, ultra‐bright telomere DNA foci were not observed in infants before 6 months of age; however, the prevalence of focus‐positive rod cells dramatically increased throughout life. To investigate associations between this phenotype and retinal pathology, we assessed adult glaucoma (N = 29) and diabetic retinopathy (N = 38) cases. Focus‐positive rod cells were prominent in these diseases. When compared to the normal group, after adjusting for age, logistic regression modeling revealed significantly increased odds of falling in the high category of focus‐positive rod cells for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. In summary, we have identified a dramatic telomere alteration associated with aging and diseases affecting the retina.
Structural controls on non fabric‐selective dolomitization within rift‐related basin‐bounding normal fault systems: Insights from the Hammam Faraun Fault, Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Hirani Jesal , Bastesen Eivind , Boyce Adrian , Corlett Hilary , Eker Anja , Gawthorpe Rob , Hollis Cathy , Korneva Irina , Rotevatn Atle 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFault‐controlled dolostone bodies have been described as potential hydrocarbon‐bearing reservoirs. Numerous case studies have described the shape and size of these often non fabric selective dolostone bodies within the vicinity of crustal‐scale lineaments, usually from Palaeozoic or Mesozoic carbonate platforms, which have undergone one or more phases of burial and exhumation. There has been little attention paid, however, to fault‐strike variability in dolostone distribution or the preferential localization of these bodies on particular faults. This study focuses on dolostone bodies adjacent to the Hammam Faraun Fault (HFF), Gulf of Suez. This crustal‐scale normal fault was activated in the Late Oligocene, coincident with the onset of extension within the Suez Rift. Dolomitization in the prerift Eocene Thebes Formation occurred in the immediate footwall of the HFF forming two massive, non facies selective dolostone bodies, ca. 500 m wide. Facies‐controlled tongues of dolostone on the margins of the massive dolostone bodies extend for up to 100 m. The geochemical signature of the dolostone bodies is consistent with replacement by Miocene seawater, contemporaneous with the rift climax and localization of strain along the HFF. A conceptual model of dolomitization from seawater that circulated within the HFF during the rift climax is presented. Seawater was either directly drawn down the HFF or circulated from the hanging wall basin via a permeable aquifer towards the HFF. The lateral extent of the massive dolostone bodies was controlled by pre‐existing HFF‐parallel fracture corridors on the outer margins of the damage zone of the fault. The behaviour of these fracture corridors alternated between acting as barriers to fluid flow before rupture and acting as flow conduits during or after rupture. Multiple phases of dolomitization and recrystallization during the ca. 10 Ma period in which dolomitization occurred led to mottled petrographical textures and wide‐ranging isotopic signatures. The localization of dolomitization on the HFF is interpreted to reflect its proximity to a rift accommodation zone which facilitated vertical fluid flow due to perturbed and enhanced stresses during fault interaction. It is possible that the presence of jogs along the strike of the fault further focused fluid flux. As such, it is suggested that the massive dolostones described in this study provide a window into the earliest stages of formation of fault‐controlled hydrothermal dolostone bodies, which could have occurred in other areas and subsequently been overprinted by more complex diagenetic and structural fabrics.
Morphometric analysis of sediment conduits on a bathymetric high: Implications for palaeoenvironment and hydrocarbon prospectivity
Authors: Harishidayat Dicky , Omosanya Kamaldeen Olakunle , Johansen Ståle Emil , Eruteya Ovie Emmanuel , Niyazi Yakufu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCanyons and other sediment conduits are important components of the deep‐water environment and are the main pathways for sediment transport from the shelf to the basin floor. Using 3‐D and 2‐D seismic reflection data, seismic facies and statistical morphometric analyses, this study showed the architectural evolution of five canyons, two slide scars and four gullies on the southern part of the Loppa High, Barents Sea. Morphometric parameters such as thalweg depth (lowest point on a conduit's base), wall depth (middle point), height, width and base width, sinuosity, thalweg gradient, aspect ratio (width/height) and cross‐sectional area of the conduits were measured at intervals of 250‐m perpendicular to the conduits’ pathways. Our results show that the canyons and slide scars in the study area widen down slope, whereas the gullies are narrow and short with uniform widths. The sediment conduits in the study area evolved in three stages. The first stage is correlated with a time when erosion and bypass were dominant in the conduits, and sediment transferred to the basin in the south. The second stage occurred when basin subsidence was prevalent, and a widespread fine‐grained sequence was deposited as a drape blanketing the canyons and other conduits. A final stage occurred when uplift and glacial erosion configured the entire southern Loppa High into an area of denudation. Our work demonstrates that the morphometric parameters of the canyons, slide scars and gullies generally have increasing linear trends with down‐slope distance, irrespective of their geometries. The morphometric analysis of the sediment conduits in the study area has wider applications for understanding depositional processes, reservoir distribution and petroleum prospectivity in frontier basins.
Mental health and well‐being in parents of excessively crying infants: Prospective evaluation of a support package
Authors: Powell C. , Bamber D. , Long J. , Garratt R. , Brown J. , Rudge S. , Morris T. , Bhupendra Jaicim N. , Plachcinski R. , Dyson S. , Boyle E. M. , St James‐Roberts I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDuring the first 4 months of age, approximately 20% of infants cry a lot without an apparent reason. Most research has targeted the crying, but the impact of the crying on parents, and subsequent outcomes, need to receive equal attention. This study reports the findings from a prospective evaluation of a package of materials designed to support the well‐being and mental health of parents who judge their infant to be crying excessively. The resulting “Surviving Crying” package comprised a website, printed materials, and programme of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy‐based support sessions delivered to parents by a qualified practitioner. It was designed to be suitable for United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) use.MethodsParents were referred to the study by 12 NHS Health Visitor/Community Public Health Nurse teams in one UK East Midlands NHS Trust. Fifty‐two of 57 parents of excessively crying babies received the support package and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 anxiety questionnaire, as well as other measures, before receiving the support package and afterwards.ResultsSignificant reductions in depression and anxiety were found, with numbers of parents meeting clinical criteria for depression or anxiety halving between baseline and outcome. These improvements were not explained by reductions in infant crying. Reductions also occurred in the number of parents reporting the crying to be a large or severe problem (from 28 to 3 parents) or feeling very or extremely frustrated by the crying (from 31 to 1 parent). Other findings included increases in parents' confidence, knowledge of infant crying, and improvements in parents' sleep.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the Surviving Crying package may be effective in supporting the well‐being and mental health of parents of excessively crying babies. Further, large‐scale controlled trials of the package in NHS settings are warranted.
Reciprocal Relations Between Parental Problem Drinking and Children's Sleep: The Role of Socioeconomic Adversity
Authors: Kelly Ryan J. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: April 2018

Reciprocal relations between parental problem drinking (PPD) and children's sleep were examined longitudinally, and socioeconomic status was considered as a moderating variable. At Wave 1, 280 children (Mage = 10.33) and their parent(s) participated, and 275 families returned 1 year later. At both waves, parent(s) reported on PD and children wore actigraphs that measured established sleep parameters. After controlling for autoregressive effects, fathers’ PD predicted reduced sleep duration and efficiency in children over time. Supportive of reciprocal effects, more frequent long wake episodes predicted greater PPD. Fathers’ PD was a more robust risk factor for lower than higher income children. Results build on a growing literature that has considered children's sleep in a family context.
Sexual dimorphism in postnatal gonadotrophin levels in infancy reflects diverse maturation of the ovarian and testicular hormone synthesis
Authors: Kuiri‐Hänninen Tanja , Dunkel Leo , Sankilampi Ulla 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe postnatal gonadotrophin surge is sexually dimorphic: FSH levels predominate in girls and LH levels in boys. However, in preterm (PT) girls, both gonadotrophin levels are higher than in PT boys.ObjectiveTo evaluate how gonadal maturation contributes to the sex differences in FSH and LH.DesignMonthly follow‐up of 58 full‐term (FT, 29 boys) and 67 PT (33 boys) infants from 1 week (D7) to 6 months of age (M1‐M6). Analyses were also carried out according to postmenstrual (PM) age in PT infants.MethodsUrinary LH, FSH, oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and serum inhibin B (InhB) levels.ResultsHigh gonadotrophin levels in PT girls abruptly decreased (P < .001) by M2, corresponding to a PM age of 38‐42 weeks, and LH levels fell below the levels found in boys. This decrease was parallel to a steep increase in E2 levels (P < .001), and, from M4 to M6, LH and E2 correlated positively in PT girls (P < .01). T levels in PT boys increased earlier than E2 levels in PT girls. In addition, InhB levels were high in PT boys already at D7, in contrast to low InhB in PT girls. InhB and FSH correlated negatively in the whole group (P < .001).ConclusionsOvarian hormone synthesis is immature and incapable of responding to gonadotrophin stimulus before 38‐42 PM weeks in PT girls, which may explain their highly elevated FSH and LH levels. The higher InhB levels in boys compared to girls may explain sexual dimorphism in FSH levels.
Long‐term outcomes and molecular analysis of a large cohort of patients with 46,XY disorder of sex development due to partial gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Gomes Nathalia L. , Lerário Antônio Marcondes , Machado Aline Zamboni , Moraes Daniela Rodrigues de , Silva Thatiana Evilen da , Arnhold Ivo J. P. , Batista Rafael Loch , Faria Júnior José Antônio Diniz , Costa Elaine F. , Nishi Mirian Y. , Inacio Marlene , Domenice Sorahia , Mendonca Berenice B. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundFollow‐up data on patients with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) until adulthood are scarce, making information on prognosis difficult.ObjectiveTo analyse the long‐term outcomes of patients with 46,XY PGD regarding testosterone production, germ cell tumour risk, genotype and psychosexual adaptation.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study of 33 patients (20 assigned male and 13 patients assigned female at birth). Molecular diagnosis was performed by Sanger sequencing or by targeted massively parallel sequencing of 63 genes related to disorders of sex development (DSDs).ResultsAge at first and last visit ranged from 0.1 to 43 and from 17 to 53 years, respectively. Spontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients. During follow‐up, six of them had a gonadectomy (four due to female gender, and two because of a gonadal tumour). At last evaluation, five of six patients had adult male testosterone levels (median 16.7 nmol/L, range 15.3‐21.7 nmol/L) and elevated LH and FSH levels. Germ cell tumours were found in two postpubertal patients (one with an abdominal gonad and one patient with Frasier syndrome). Molecular diagnosis was possible in 11 patients (33%). NR5A1 variants were the most prevalent molecular defects (n = 6), and four of five patients harbouring them developed spontaneous puberty. Gender change was observed in four patients, two from each sex assignment group; all patients reported satisfaction with their gender at final evaluation. Sexual intercourse was reported by 81% of both gender and 82% of them reported satisfaction with their sexual lives.ConclusionSpontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients with 46,XY PGD, being NR5A1 defects the most prevalent ones among all the patients and in those with spontaneous puberty. Gender change due to gender dysphoria was reported by 12% of the patients. All the patients reported satisfaction with their final gender, and most of them with their sexual life.
Phloem nutrition of detached cabbage leaves varies with leaf age and influences performance of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Authors: Cao He‐He , Wu Jun , Zhang Zhan‐Feng , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAphids mainly feed on the phloem sap of host plants and their performance is determined by nutrients and defensive metabolites in their diet. Plant leaves are connected with each other by phloem bundles and thus plant resistance to aphids may require the leaves be intact. Excised plant tissues usually have different resistance levels to aphids compared with intact plants; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), strongly preferred detached young cabbage leaves, but exhibited a poorer performance on these leaves than on detached mature leaves. Compared with other leaves, detached young leaves contained higher levels of arginine, asparagine, methionine, and valine, whereas young leaves showed a very poor phloem nutritional quality, reflected by significantly lower amino acid concentrations in aphid honeydew. In contrast, honeydew produced by aphids feeding on detached old leaves and mature leaves contained higher total amino acid concentrations and lower total sugar contents, indicating higher phloem nutritional quality. Because honeydew excretion rates were comparable among aphids feeding on different leaves, the poorer performance of aphids on detached young leaves may be explained by the lower nutritional quality and food quantity that aphids had ingested. On the other hand, levels of most glucosinolates were the highest in detached young leaves and the lowest in detached old leaves, suggesting that the higher attractiveness of young leaves for aphids is not likely determined by glucosinolates. These results suggest that total amino acids that aphids can ingest play a key role in determining aphid performance. Future studies on plant resistance to aphids should focus on both phloem nutritional quality and aphid feeding rate, and should avoid using excised leaves or detached plant tissues.