bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The functional highly sensitive brain: a review of the brain circuits underlying sensory processing sensitivity and seemingly related disorders
Authors: Acevedo Bianca , Aron Elaine , Pospos Sarah , Jessen Dana 
Published: February 2018

During the past decade, research on the biological basis of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS)—a genetically based trait associated with greater sensitivity and responsivity to environmental and social stimuli—has burgeoned. As researchers try to characterize this trait, it is still unclear how SPS is distinct from seemingly related clinical disorders that have overlapping symptoms, such as sensitivity to the environment and hyper-responsiveness to incoming stimuli. Thus, in this review, we compare the neural regions implicated in SPS with those found in fMRI studies of—Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Schizophrenia (SZ) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to elucidate the neural markers and cardinal features of SPS versus these seemingly related clinical disorders. We propose that SPS is a stable trait that is characterized by greater empathy, awareness, responsivity and depth of processing to salient stimuli. We conclude that SPS is distinct from ASD, SZ and PTSD in that in response to social and emotional stimuli, SPS differentially engages brain regions involved in reward processing, memory, physiological homeostasis, self-other processing, empathy and awareness. We suggest that this serves species survival via deep integration and memory for environmental and social information that may subserve well-being and cooperation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Functional systems theory and the activity-specific approach in psychological taxonomies
Authors: Rusalov Vladimir 
Published: February 2018

This brief opinion contribution reflects on the application of Anokhin's functional systems theory in the development of models of temperament in Russian differential psychophysiology. It points to the benefits of using an activity-specific approach in temperament theory. This approach suggests separating traits related to physical, communicative and mental aspects of behaviour.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Culture, morality and individual differences: comparability and incomparability across species
Authors: Saucier Gerard 
Published: February 2018

Major routes to identifying individual differences (in diverse species) include studies of behaviour patterns as represented in language and neurophysiology. But results from these approaches appear not to converge on some major dimensions. Identifying dimensions of human variation least applicable to non-human species may help to partition human-specific individual differences of recent evolutionary origin from those shared across species. Human culture includes learned, enforced social-norm systems that are symbolically reinforced and referenced in displays signalling adherence. At a key juncture in human evolution bullying aggression and deception-based cheating apparently became censured in the language of a moral community, enabling mutual observation coordinated in gossip, associated with external sanctions. That still-conserved cultural paradigm moralistically regulates selfish advantage-taking, with shared semantics and explicit rules. Ethics and moral codes remain critical and universal components of human culture and have a stronger imprint in language than most aspects of the currently popular Big-Five taxonomy, a model that sets out five major lines of individual-differences variation in human personality. In other species (e.g. chimpanzees), human observers might see apparent individual differences in morality-relevant traits, but not because the animals have human-analogue sanctioning systems. Removing the moral dimension of personality and other human-specific manifestations (e.g. religion) may aid in identifying those other bases of individual differences more ubiquitous across species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Taxonomic models of individual differences: a guide to transdisciplinary approaches
Authors: Uher Jana 
Published: February 2018

Models and constructs of individual differences are numerous and diverse. But detecting commonalities, differences and interrelations is hindered by the common abstract terms (e.g. ‘personality’, ‘temperament’, ‘traits’) that do not reveal the particular phenomena denoted. This article applies a transdisciplinary paradigm for research on individuals that builds on complexity theory and epistemological complementarity. Its philosophical, metatheoretical and methodological frameworks provide concepts to differentiate various kinds of phenomena (e.g. physiology, behaviour, psyche, language). They are used to scrutinize the field's basic concepts and to elaborate methodological foundations for taxonomizing individual variations in humans and other species. This guide to developing comprehensive and representative models explores the decisions taxonomists must make about which individual variations to include, which to retain and how to model them. Selection and reduction approaches from various disciplines are classified by their underlying rationales, pinpointing possibilities and limitations. Analyses highlight that individuals' complexity cannot be captured by one universal model. Instead, multiple models phenotypically taxonomizing different kinds of variability in different kinds of phenomena are needed to explore their causal and functional interrelations and ontogenetic development that are then modelled in integrative and explanatory taxonomies. This research agenda requires the expertise of many disciplines and is inherently transdisciplinary.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Task errors contribute to implicit remapping in sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Leow Li-Ann , Marinovic Welber , de Rugy Aymar , Carroll Timothy J 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPerturbations of sensory feedback evoke sensory prediction errors (discrepancies between predicted and actual sensory outcomes of movements), and reward prediction errors (discrepancies between predicted rewards and actual rewards). Sensory prediction errors result in obligatory remapping of the relationship between motor commands and predicted sensory outcomes. The role of reward prediction errors in sensorimotor adaptation is less clear. When moving towards a target, we expect to obtain the reward of hitting the target, and so we experience a reward prediction error if the perturbation causes us to miss it. These discrepancies between desired task outcomes and actual task outcomes, or “task errors”, are thought to drive the use of strategic processes to restore success, although their role is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of task errors in sensorimotor adaptation: during target-reaching, we either removed task errors by moving the target mid-movement to align with cursor feedback of hand position, or enforced task error by moving the target away from the cursor feedback of hand position. Removing task errors not only reduced the rate and extent of adaptation during exposure to the perturbation, but also reduced the amount of post-adaptation implicit remapping. Hence, task errors contribute to implicit remapping resulting from sensory prediction errors. This suggests that the system which implicitly acquires new sensorimotor maps via exposure to sensory prediction errors is also sensitive to reward prediction errors.
Circular RNA expression and regulatory network prediction in posterior cingulate astrocytes in elderly subjects
Authors: Sekar Shobana , Cuyugan Lori , Adkins Jonathan , Geiger Philipp , Liang Winnie S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous, non-coding RNAs that form covalently closed continuous loops and are both highly conserved and abundant in the mammalian brain. A role for circRNAs in sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) has been proposed, but the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks in human brain cells have not been defined. Therefore, we identified circRNAs in RNA sequencing data previously generated from astrocytes microdissected from the posterior cingulate (PC) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients (N=10) and healthy elderly controls (N=10) using four circRNA prediction algorithms - CIRI, CIRCexplorer, find_circ and KNIFE.ResultsOverall, utilizing these four tools, we identified a union of 4,438 unique circRNAs across all samples, of which 70.3% were derived from exonic regions. Notably, the widely reported CDR1as circRNA was detected in all samples across both groups by find_circ. Given the putative miRNA regulatory function of circRNAs, we identified potential miRNA targets of circRNAs, and further, delineated circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks using in silico methods. Pathway analysis of the genes regulated by these miRNAs identified significantly enriched immune response pathways, which is consistent with the known function of astrocytes as immune sensors in the brain.ConclusionsIn this study, we performed circRNA detection on cell-specific transcriptomic data and identified potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in PC astrocytes. Given the known function of astrocytes in cerebral innate immunity and our identification of significantly enriched immune response pathways, the circRNAs we identified may be associated with such key functions. While we did not detect recurrent differentially expressed circRNAs in the context of healthy controls or Alzheimer’s, we report for the first time circRNAs and their potential regulatory impact in a cell-specific and region-specific manner in aged subjects. These predicted regulatory network and pathway analyses may help provide new insights into transcriptional regulation in the brain.
Towards Resolving and Redefining Amphipyrinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae): a Massively Polyphyletic Taxon
Authors: Keegan Kevin L. , Lafontaine J. Donald , Wahlberg Niklas , Wagner David L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAmphipyrinae have long been a catchall taxon for Noctuidae, with most members lacking discernible morphological synapomorphies that would allow their assignment to one of the many readily diagnosable noctuid subfamilies. Here data from seven gene regions (>5,500 base pairs) for more than 120 noctuid genera are used to infer a phylogeny for Amphipyrinae and related subfamilies. Sequence data for 57 amphipyrine genera—most represented by the type species of the genus—are examined. Presented here are: the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic study of Amphipyrinae and largest molecular phylogeny of Noctuidae to date; several proposed nomenclatural changes for well supported results; and the identification of areas of noctuid phylogeny where greater taxon sampling and/or genomic-scale data are needed. Adult and larval morphology, along with life history traits, for taxonomic groupings most relevant to the results are discussed. Amphipyrinae are significantly redefined; many former amphipyrines, excluded as a result of these analyses, are reassigned to other noctuid subfamily-level taxa. Four genera,ChamaecleaGrote,HeminocloaBarnes & Benjamin,HemioslariaBarnes & Benjamin, andThurberiphagaDyar are transferred to the tribe Chamaecleini Keegan & WagnerNew Tribein Acontiinae. Stiriina is elevated to StiriinaeRevised Status, Grotellina is elevated to GrotellinaeRevised Status, and Annaphilina is elevated to AnnaphiliniRevised Status.AcopaHarvey is transferred to Bryophilinae,AleptinaDyar is transferred to Condicinae,LeucocnemisHampson andOxycnemis gracillinea(Grote) are transferred to Oncocnemidinae,NacopaBarnes & Benjamin is transferred to Noctuinae, andNarthecophoraSmith is transferred to Stiriinae.AzeniaGrote (and its subtribe Azeniina),CropiaWalker,MetaponpneumataMöschler,SexserrataBarnes & Benjamin, andTristylaSmith are transferred to Noctuidaeincertae sedis.HemigrotellaBarnes & McDunnough (formerly in subtribe Grotellina) is retained in Amphipyrinae.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4A140782-31BA-445A-B7BA-6EAB98ED43FA
Differential expression of an alternative splice variant of IL-12Rβ1 impacts early dissemination in the mouse and associates with disease outcome in both mouse and humans exposed to tuberculosis
Authors: Das Mrinal K. , Ray Aurelie A. , Cai Yi , Singhania Akul , Graham Christine M. , Liao Mingfeng , Fountain Jeffrey J. , Pearl John E. , Pareek Manish , Haldar Pranab , O’Garra Anne , Chen Xinchun , Cooper Andrea M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExperimental mouse models of TB suggest that early events in the lung impact immunity. Early events in the human lung in response to TB are difficult to probe and their impact on disease outcome is unknown. We have shown in mouse that a secreted alternatively-spliced variant of IL-12Rβ1, lacking the transmembrane domain and termed ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1, promotes dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node, augments T cell activation and limits dissemination ofM. tuberculosis(Mtb). We show here that CBA/J and C3H/HeJ mice (both highly susceptible to Mtb) express higher levels of ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 than resistant C57BL6 mice and limit early dissemination of Mtb from the lungs. Both CD11c+ cells and T cells express ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 in humans, and mice unable to make ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 in either CD4 or CD11c expressing cells permit early dissemination from the lung. Analysis of publically available blood transcriptomes indicates that pulmonary TB is associated with high ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 expression and that of all IL-12 related signals, the ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 signal best predicts active disease. ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 expression reflects the heterogeneity of latent TB infection and has the capacity to discriminate between latent and active disease. In a new Chinese TB patient cohort, ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 effectively differentiates TB from latent TB, healthy controls and pneumonia patients. Finally, ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 expression drops in drug-treated individuals in the UK and China where infection pressure is low. We propose that ΔTM-IL-12Rβ1 regulates early dissemination from the lung and that it has diagnostic potential and provides mechanistic insights into human TB.
A Methodological Assessment and Characterization of Genetically-Driven Variation in Three Human Phosphoproteomes
Authors: Engelmann Brett W. , Hsiao Chiaowen Joyce , Blischak John D. , Fourne Yannick , Ford Michael , Gilad Yoav 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPhosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that plays a key part of essentially every cell signaling process. It is reasonable to assume that inter-individual variation in protein phosphorylation may underlie phenotypic differences, as has been observed for practically any other molecular regulatory phenotype. However, we do not know much about the extent of inter-individual variation in phosphorylation because it is quite challenging to perform a quantitative high throughput study to assess inter-individual variation in any post-translational modification. To test our ability to address this challenge with current technology, we quantified phosphorylation levels for three genotyped human cell lines within a nested experimental framework, and found that genetic background is the primary determinant of phosphoproteome variation. We uncovered multiple functional, biophysical, and genetic associations with germline driven phosphopeptide variation. Variants affecting protein levels or structure were among these associations, with the latter presenting, on average, a stronger effect. Interestingly, we found evidence that is consistent with a phosphopeptide variability buffering effect endowed from properties enriched within longer proteins. Because the small sample size in this ‘pilot’ study may limit the applicability of our genetic observations, we also undertook a thorough technical assessment of our experimental workflow to aid further efforts. Taken together, these results provide the foundation for future work to characterize inter-individual variation in post-translational modification levels and reveal novel insights into the nature of inter-individual variation in phosphorylation.
Aspartyl Protease 5 matures virulence factors found at the host-parasite interface in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Coffey Michael J , Dagley Laura F , Kapp Eugene A , Infusini Giuseppe , Boddey Justin A , Webb Andrew I , Tonkin Christopher J 
Published: February 2018

AbstractToxoplasma gondii infects approximately 30% of the world’s population, causing disease primarily during pregnancy and in individuals with weakened immune systems. Toxoplasma secretes and exports effector proteins that modulate the host during infection and several of these proteins are processed by the Golgi-associated Aspartyl Protease 5 (ASP5). Here, we identify ASP5 substrates by selectively enriching N-terminally-derived peptides from wildtype and Δasp5 parasites. We reveal over two thousand unique Toxoplasma N-terminal peptides, mapping to both natural N-termini and protease cleavage sites. Several of these peptides mapped directly downstream of the characterised ASP5-cleavage site, arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL). We validate candidates as true ASP5 substrates, revealing they are not processed in parasites lacking ASP5, nor in wild type parasites following mutation of the motif from RRL⟶ARL. All new ASP5 substrates are dense granule proteins, and interestingly none appear to be exported, thus differing from the analogous system in related Plasmodium spp., instead revealing that the majority of substrates reside within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), and its membrane (the PVM), including two kinases and one phosphatase. Furthermore, we show that several of these ASP5-substrates are virulence factors, with their removal leading to attenuation in a mouse model, suggesting that phosphorylation at the host-parasite interface is important for virulence. Collectively, these data constitute the first in-depth analyses of the total list of ASP5 substrates, and shed new light on the role of ASP5 as a maturase of dense granule proteins during the Toxoplasma lytic cycle.
Rules for PP2A-controlled phosphosignalling and drug responses
Authors: Kauko Otto , Imanishi Susumu Y. , Kulesskiy Evgeny , Laajala Teemu Daniel , Yetukuri Laxman , Laine Anni , Jumppanen Mikael , Haapaniemi Pekka , Ruan Luyao , Yadav Bhagwan , Suni Veronika , Varila Taru , Corthals Garry , Reimand Jüri , Wennerberg Krister , Aittokallio Tero , Westermarck Jukka 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSystemic understanding of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-regulated cellular processes is still at infancy. Here, we present mass-spectrometry analysis of phospho-targets (dephosphorylome) regulated by PP2A modulation. In addition to PP2A-regulated processes and targets, the data reveal important general concepts and rules related to PP2A-mediated phosphoregulation. These include the unidirectionality paradigm of regulation of phosphorylation, and differential spatial distribution of kinase-and phosphatase-dominated phosphotargets. Data also present first systemic analysis of targets of PP2A-modulating oncoproteins, CIP2A, PME-1, and SET; including targets via which PP2A may coordinately regulate activities of cancer drivers and tumor suppressors such as MYC or TP53. To validate functional utility of this dataset, PP2A dephosphorylome activity was correlated with cancer cell responses to over 300 drugs. Notably, we find that cancer therapy responses can be broadly classified based on PP2A dephosphorylome activity, both in quantitative and qualitative manner. In summary, our data characterize rules by which PP2A coordinate cancer cell phosphosignaling and drug responses. The results also may also direct the use of emerging pharmacological approaches for PP2A activity modulation in human diseases.
Human primary astrocytes increase basal fatty acid oxidation following recurrent low glucose to maintain intracellular nucleotide levels
Authors: Weightman Potter Paul G , Walker Julia M. Vlachaki , Robb Josephine L , Chilton John K. , Williamson Ritchie , Randall Andrew , Ellacott Kate L.J. , Beall Craig 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTHypoglycemia is a major barrier to good glucose control in type 1 diabetes and frequent exposure to hypoglycemia can impair awareness to subsequent bouts of hypoglycemia. The neural changes that occur to reduce a person’s awareness of hypoglycemia are poorly defined. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms by which glial cells contribute to hypoglycemia sensing and glucose counterregulation require further investigation. To test whether glia, specifically astrocytes, could detect changes in glucose, we utilized human primary astrocytes (HPA) and U373 astrocytoma cells and exposed them to recurrent low glucose (RLG) in vitro. This allowed measurement, with high specificity and sensitivity, of changes in cellular metabolism following RLG. We report that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated over a pathophysiologically-relevant glucose concentration range. We observed an increased dependency on fatty acid oxidation for basal mitochondrial metabolism and hallmarks of mitochondrial stress including increased proton leak and reduced coupling efficiency. Relative to glucose availability, lactate release increased during low glucose but this was not modified by RLG, nor were glucose uptake or glycogen levels. Taken together, these data indicate that astrocyte mitochondria are dysfunctional following recurrent low glucose exposure, which could have implications for hypoglycemia glucose counterregulation and/or hypoglycemia awareness.
Specific enrichment of hyperthermophilic electroactive Archaea from deep-sea hydrothermal vent on electrically conductive support
Authors: Pillot Guillaume , Frouin Eléonore , Pasero Emilie , Godfroy Anne , Combet-Blanc Yannick , Davidson Sylvain , Liebgott Pierre-Pol 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile more and more investigations are done to isolate hyperthermophilic exoelectrogenic communities from environments, none have been performed yet on deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Samples of black smoker chimney from Rainbow site on the Atlantic mid-oceanic ridge have been harvested for enriching exoelectrogens in microbial electrolysis cells under hyperthermophilic (80°C) condition. Two enrichments have been performed: one from direct inoculation of crushed chimney and the other one from inoculation of a pre-cultivation on iron (III) oxide. In both experiments, a current production was observed from 2.4 A/m2 to 5.8 A/m2 with a set anode potential of +0.05 vs SHE. Taxonomic affiliation of the exoelectrogen communities obtained exhibited a specific enrichment of Archaea from Thermococcales and Archeoglobales orders on the electrode, even when both inocula were dominated by Bacteria.