bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of inferior vena cava collapsibility index in the prediction of hypotension associated with general anesthesia: an observational study
Authors: Szabó Marcell , Bozó Anna , Darvas Katalin , Horváth Alexandra , Iványi Zsolt Dániel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Intraoperative hypotension increases 30-day mortality and the risks of myocardial injury and acute renal failure. Patients with inadequate volume reserve before the induction of anesthesia are highly exposed. The identification of latent hypovolemia is therefore crucial. Ultrasonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) is able to detect volume responsiveness in circulatory shock. No current evidence is available regarding whether preoperative measurement of the IVCCI could identify patients at high risk for hypotension associated with general anesthesia.
Methods: A total of 102 patients undergoing elective general surgery under general anesthesia with standardized propofol induction were recruited for this prospective observational study. The IVCCI was measured under spontaneous breathing. A collapsing (IVCCI≧50%) (CI+) and a noncollapsing (CI-) group were formed. Immediate postinduction changes in systolic and mean blood pressure were compared. The performance of the IVCCI as a diagnostic tool for predicting hypotension (systolic pressure <90 mmHg or a ≥30% drop from the baseline) was evaluated by ROC curve analysis.
Results: A total of 83 patients were available for analysis, with 20 in the CI+ and 63 in the CI- group, we excluded 19 previously eligible patients due to inadequate visualization of the IVC (7 cases), lack of adherence to the protocol (8 cases), missing data (2 cases) or change in anesthesiologic management (2 cases). The mean decrease in systolic pressure in the CI+ group was 53.8±15.3 compared to 35.8±18.1 mmHg in CI- patients (P=0.0001). The relative mean arterial pressure change medians were 34.1% (IQR 23.2%-43.0%) and 24.2% (IQR 17.2%-30.2%), respectively (P=0.0029). The ROC curve analysis for IVCCI showed an AUC of 64.8% (95%CI 52.1-77.5%). The selected 50% level of the IVCCI had a sensitivity of only 45.5% (95%CI 28.1-63.7%), but the specificity was high at 90.0% (78.2-96.7%). The positive predictive value was 75.0% (95%CI 50.9-91.3%), and the negative predictive value was 71.4% (95%CI 58.7-82.1%).
Conclusion: In spontaneously breathing preoperative noncardiac surgical patients, preoperatively detected IVCCI≧50% can predict postinduction hypotension with high specificity but low sensitivity. Despite moderate performance, IVCCI is an easy, noninvasive and attractive option to identify patients at risk and should be explored further.
Comparison of Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for airway management during general anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Wei Yu , Li Shi Yang , Yuan Yong Jin , Tan Hon Sen , Han Nian-Lin Reena , Sultana Rehena , Assam Pryseley N , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
The obstetric airway is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Endotracheal intubation is considered the standard of care but the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained acceptance as a rescue airway and has been incorporated into the obstetric airway management guidelines. In this randomized controlled equivalence trial, we compared the Supreme LMA (SLMA) with endotracheal intubation (ETT) in managing the obstetric airway during cesarean section.

Methods
Parturients who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an SLMA or ETT as their airway device. Our primary outcome was first-attempt insertion success. Successful insertion was defined as adequate bilateral air entry with auscultation and the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the capnogram. The first-attempt insertion success rate was compared using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes included time-to-ventilation, seal pressure, ventilation/hemodynamic parameters, occurrence of clinical aspiration, fetal outcomes, and maternal side effects associated with the airway device.

Results
We recruited 920 parturients (460 SLMA, 460 ETT) who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. First attempt success was similar (Odds Ratio--ORSLMA/ETA: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.25, 4.02), p = 1.0000). SLMA was associated with reduced time to effective ventilation (Mean Difference--MD -22.96; 95%CI: -23.71, -22.21 seconds) compared to ETT group (p<0.0001). Ventilation parameters, maternal and fetal outcomes were similar between the groups, and there was no aspiration.

Conclusions
SLMA could be an alternative airway management technique for a carefully selected low-risk obstetric population, with similar insertion success rates, reduced time to ventilation and less hemodynamic changes compared with ETT. Our findings are consistent with the airway guidelines in recommending the second-line use of LMA in the management of the obstetric airway.
A Visual Data Collection Method: German Local Parties and Associations
Authors: Borucki Isabelle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research captures local networks of German political parties and welfare agencies in regards to poverty. The article explores whether there are differences in regards to homophily and brokerage between the two studied groups using a dataset of 33 egonetworks in two German cities. The computer assisted drawn networks were collected in an interactive participative way together with the interviewed egonetworks. To achieve the theoretical aim of analysing homophily and brokerage between politicians and welfare workers, two hypotheses are examined, resting upon social capital theory. The hypotheses were quantified and explicated with different variables. The first hypothesis states that heterophile networks imply more social capital, which referred to different measurements (size, density, homophily). This could be partially validated since the analysed networks of association representatives (n=12) were denser and slightly more heterophile than those of party representatives (n=21). Second, it was assumed that politicians, because of their function as elected representatives, would be more likely to take on an interface function within the communities than representatives of civil society institutions. Results based on calculated EI-indices, subgraphs and brokerage show that party representatives do indeed have larger networks, but these networks split into fewer subgraphs than association representatives’ networks.
There are Different Pathways to Stable Spring Wheat Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Conventional and Organically‐Managed Systems
Authors: Kubota Hiroshi , Yang Rong‐Cai , Iqbal Muhammad , Spaner Dean 
Published: June 2019

The high costs and negative environmental impact associated with the use of N in crop production suggest we need to improve our knowledge of crop N utilization efficiency (NUtE: the amount of grain produced per unit of N uptake). We conducted a study in organic and conventional fields to compare the effect of management and genetic variability for grain yield and NUtE in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We also assessed the relationships between yield and NUtE stability among tested cultivars under organic management. Grain yield and NUtE were 50 and 20% less in organic compared to conventional management (1.62 and 3.27 t ha−1 for grain yield and 16.2 and 20.9 t DM t−1 N for NUtE, respectively). Analyses of variance revealed significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E) (year × location), and G × E interactions on grain and NUtE in organic environments. Traits in the organic system that were sensitive to G × E interactions included grain yield, harvest index (HI), NUtE, and dry matter production. Four modern cultivars with differing genotypic characteristics (medium tall stature, disease and pest resistant, and semi‐dwarf), had high and stable grain yield, and NUtE in both systems. Our results suggest that the modern wheat cultivars CDC Kernen, CDC Stanley, Carberry, and Unity may be suitable for organic systems because of their stable yield and NUtE across tested environments. Such characteristics could be advantageous under organic farming systems where temporal and spatial variations of resources are normally greater than conventional systems.Core Ideas

Nitrogen utilization efficiency has gentotype × environment interactions in organic fields.
Low harvest index in organic systems indicates reduced assimilate partitioning due to weed competition.
Four modern cultivars with different traits exhibited consistent grain yield in organic systems.
Different traits in the four cultivars may be key for organic crop production.
Redefining ASEAN Way: Assesing Normative Foundation on Inter-governmental Relationship in Southeast Asia
Authors: Aminuddin M. Faishal , Purnomo Joko 
Published: June 2019

Abstract This paper endeavors to review the inter-state relation in Southeast Asia countries. Especially in government policy. The most significant problem in regional relationship is about the absence of political awareness. As a consequence, ASEAN only provides limited positive achievement in political performance regionally. This article provides an alternative explanation for the limited achievement in political performance of ASEAN by assessing the implication of using non-interference principe to the incidence of ignorance and disconnection between ASEAN countries that leads to lack of political awareness. In this paper, we try to propose a combination between formal diplomacy actions done by state institution and informal diplomacy actions done by non-government actors. We also points out an alternative strategy to promote political awareness on the future of SEA community. First, open policy to connecting diplomatic based community. Second, optimalize the regional cooperation with more concern with democracy and human rights issue. Third, building and institutionalizing political awareness through people participation. Keywords: regional cooperation, non-interference principal, political awareness, comunitarian
The Effectiveness of De-Radicalization Program in Southeast Asia: Does It Work? The Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
Authors: Suratman Yosua Praditya 
Published: June 2019

The counterterrorism approach is still harnessed to tackle the spread of radical movement and it is deemed to be a soft strategy for a long term purpose. In the several past years, the government has been conducting de-radicalization program in attempt to bring the terrorist inmates safely to social life after the prison release. This program commonly conducted in the prison while the inmates serving the jail time for terrorism-related offences. Nevertheless, debates rise due to the fail of the program result which prove some recidivists appear to execute another terror attack. An opinion of prison environment which is considered as a potential breeding ground for radicalization aggravates the government effort to reintegrate the prisoners into normal society. This worsened by the activities like recruiting other prisoners and supporting extremist groups from prison which still often occur in Indonesia. Taking two examples from international scope, France has announced to close its de-radicalization program, meanwhile United States under Trump’s leadership prefer to heightened the sentences related to terrorism and to ban Muslim migrants excessively. Meanwhile, Indonesia still convinces that de-radicalization program is one of the most strategic approaches in fighting terrorism, and it is deemed as a soft power with a long term oriented. Therefore, this paper will analyze the effectiveness of the program through theories, facts, and phenomenon. Thus it will yield some recommendations for Indonesian government in strengthening and reshaping its policies.
Patterns of Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage in Adult Patients with Bilateral and Unilateral Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Zheng Jun , Guo Rui , Li Hao , You Chao , Ma Lu 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease. The difference
of hemorrhagic patterns in adult patients with bilateral and unilateral MMD is still unclear.

Objective:
For a better understanding of their characteristics, we compared the patterns of acute
intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients with bilateral and unilateral MMD.

Method:
Adult MMD patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage were retrospectively included.
Clinical and radiological characteristics of adult patients with bilateral and unilateral MMD were
collected and analyzed. Chi-square test, t-test, or rank sum test were used for statistical analyses.

Results:
A total of 107 patients were included. Among 74 patients with bilateral MMD, 9 (12.2%)
were at Suzuki Stage 2, 48 (64.9%) were at Stage 3, 16 (21.6%) were at Stage 4, and another
(1.4%) was at Stage 5. However, in patients with unilateral MMD, 8 (24.2%) were at Stage 2, 23
(69.7%) were at Stage 3, and 2 (6.1%) were at Stage 4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage was found in
40 (54.1%) patients with bilateral MMD and 16 (48.5%) patients with unilateral MMD (P=0.594).
Intraventricular hemorrhage was shown in 65 (87.8%) patients with bilateral MMD and 19
(57.6%) patients with unilateral MMD (P<0.001). Subarachnoid hemorrhage was observed in 17
(23.0%) patients with bilateral MMD and 18 (54.5%) patients with unilateral MMD (P=0.001).

Conclusion:
Unilateral MMD patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage are at the earlier Suzuki
stage than the bilateral MMD patients. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurs more frequently in bilateral
MMD, while subarachnoid hemorrhage is more frequent in unilateral MMD.
5-Nitro-Thiophene-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Present Antitumor Activity Mediated by Apoptosis and DNA Intercalation
Authors: Roque Marques Karla Mirella , do Desterro Maria Rodrigues , de Arruda Sandrine Maria , de Araújo Neto Luiz Nascimento , do Carmo Alves de Lima Maria , de Almeida Sinara Mônica Vitalino , da Silva Edjan Carlos Dantas , de Aquino Thiago Mendonça , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira , de Araújo-Júnior João Xavier , de M. Silva Marina , de A. Dantas Maria Dayanne , Santos Josué Carinhanha C. , Figueiredo Isis M. , Bazin Marc-Antoine , Marchand Pascal , da Silva Teresinha Gonçalves , Mendonça Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra 
Published: June 2019

Background:Considering the need for the development of new antitumor drugs, associated with the great antitumor potential of thiophene and thiosemicarbazonic derivatives, in this work we promote molecular hybridization approach to synthesize new compounds with increased anticancer activity.Objective:Investigate the antitumor activity and their likely mechanisms of action of a series of N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazone derivatives.Methods:Methods were performed in vitro (cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, morphological analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation and topoisomerase assay), spectroscopic (DNA interaction studies), and in silico studies (docking and molecular modelling).Results:Most of the compounds presented significant inhibitory activity; the NCIH-292 cell line was the most resistant, and the HL-60 cell line was the most sensitive. The most promising compound was LNN-05 with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 1.9 µg.mL-1. The in vitro studies revealed that LNN-05 was able to depolarize (dose-dependently) the mitochondrial membrane, induceG1 phase cell cycle arrest noticeably, promote morphological cell changes associated with apoptosis in chronic human myelocytic leukaemia (K-562) cells, and presented no topoisomerase II inhibition. Spectroscopic UV-vis and molecular fluorescence studies showed that LNN compounds interact with ctDNA forming supramolecular complexes. Intercalation between nitrogenous bases was revealed through KI quenching and competitive ethidium bromide assays. Docking and Molecular Dynamics suggested that 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone compounds interact against the larger DNA groove, and corroborating the spectroscopic results, may assume an intercalating interaction mode.Conclusion:Our findings highlight 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, especially LNN-05, as a promising new class of compounds for further studies to provide new anticancer therapies.
Neonatal Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: Why We Should not Sleep on it. Literature Review of Forty-two Neonatal Onset Cases
Authors: Bardanzellu Flaminia , Pintus Maria Cristina , Fanos Vassilios , Marcialis Maria Antonietta 
Published: June 2019

:Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), also referred with the expression “Ondine’s Curse”, is a rare genetic life-long disease resulting from the mutation of PHOX2B gene on chromosome 4p12.3. CCHS represents an autonomic nervous system disorder; its more fearsome manifestation is central hypoventilation, due to a deficient response of chemoreceptors to hypercapnia and hypoxia. Several associated symptoms can occur, such as pupillary anomalies, arrhythmias, reduced heart rate variability, esophageal dysmotility, and structural comorbidities (Hirschsprung’s Disease or neural crest tumours).:CCHS typical onset is during the neonatal period, but cases of delayed diagnosis have been reported; moreover, both sporadic or familial cases can occur.:In preterm newborns, asphyxia and typical prematurity-related findings may overlap CCHS clinical manifestations and make it harder to formulate a correct diagnosis.:The early recognition of CCHS allows appropriate management, useful to reduce immediate and long- term consequences.
Anti-proliferative Effects of Chromones: Potent Derivatives Affecting Cell Growth and Apoptosis in Breast, Bone-marrow and Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Abida , Miliutina Mariia , Langer Peter , Saeed Aamer , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Previously, we have identified 3,3′–carbonyl–bis(chromones) (1a-h, 5e)
and 3–(5–(benzylideneamino)thiozol–3–yl)–2H–chromen–2–ones (7a-j) as potent inhibitors of tissue
non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The present study was designed to investigate the
cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of the said derivatives.

Methods:
The anti-proliferative effect of the derivatives was investigated in three cancer cell lines
i.e., MCF-7, K-562, HeLa and normal BHK21 cells using MTT assay. The pro-apoptotic effect of
the most potent derivatives was investigated by using flow cytometry, DAPI and PI staining and
DNA binding studies.

Results:
Among all the screened compounds, 1f, 1d, 1c (from 3,3′–carbonyl–bis(chromones), 7c,
7h and 7i (from 3–(5–(benzylideneamino)thiozol–3–yl)–2H–chromen–2–ones) exhibited remarkable
growth inhibitory effects. Compounds 1f and 7c were found to be the most potent cytotoxic
derivatives against MCF-7; 1d and 7h inhibited most of the proliferation of K-562 cells, whereas
1c and 7i showed maximum growth inhibition in HeLa cells. The identified compounds exerted
lower micromolar potency against the respective cell line with significant selectivity over the normal
cells (BHK–21). The identified compounds also induced either G2 or S-phase arrest within the
respective cancer cells, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, as well as maximum
interaction with DNA.

Conclusions:
These results provide evidence that the characteristic chemical features of attached
groups are the key factors for their anticancer effects and play a useful role in revealing the
mechanisms of action in relation to the known compounds in future research programs.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin in BK Virus Nephropathy
Authors: Elizabeth I. Anyaegbu , Stanley P. Hmiel 
Published: June 2019

The incidence of post transplant viral infections has increased with the use of more potent immunosuppressive
regimens. Consequently, BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) has arisen as a significant cause of graft dysfunction and loss.
Reduction of immunosuppression is the first line management of post-transplant viral infections. Other therapies such as
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), cidofovir, leflunomide and fluoroquinolones have been tried with varying degrees of
success.
We report our experience with IVIg in three pediatric renal transplant recipients who presented with allograft dysfunction.
First, we describe two cases of biopsy proven BKVN, one diagnosed with undetectable viral titers in plasma,
demonstrating that BKVN can occur even at low viral loads. We also present a pediatric renal transplant recipient with
persistent BK viremia and allograft dysfunction who responded to therapy with recovery of renal function and clearance
of viremia. Therefore we conclude that IVIg is efficacious in the treatment of persistent BK viremia and BKVN. The
appropriate dose, frequency and duration of therapy require further study.
Southern Industries: A Realistic Simulation of Substantive Testing for Accounts Receivable
Authors: Blix Leslie H. , Blix William , Edmonds Mark , Keenan Emily S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
This case helps prepare students for internships and careers in the audit profession by providing them with a realistic simulation of year-end substantive testing of Accounts Receivable. Students are given an audit program for testing management's assertions for the Accounts Receivable balance, and they are provided realistic supporting documentation with which to conduct their tests. Throughout the simulation, students will perform the following procedures: (1) identifying the correct supporting documents for each test and how to perform the required test work, (2) learning how to properly document their findings, (3) identifying any audit issues that arise during the performance of their test work, (4) rendering judgment for common issues that arise during the audit of the revenue cycle, (5) tying the supporting work papers to the trial balance and financial statements, and (6) understanding how an auditor can provide reasonable assurance about an account balance through substantive test work.