bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting functional phenotypes of microglia and macrophages in the rat brain after transient cerebral ischemia
Authors: Rajan Wenson D. , Wojtas Bartosz , Gielniewski Bartlomiej , Gieryng Anna , Zawadzka Malgorzata , Kaminska Bozena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIschemic brain injury causes local inflammation, which involves activation of resident microglia, leukocyte, and monocyte infiltration. Involvement of peripheral immune cells in ischemia‐induced damage and repair is debatable. Using flow cytometry, gene expression profiling, and immunocytochemistry, we show that microglia predominate in the ischemic brain and express inflammation mediators at Day 1 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. At Day 3, both resident microglia and bone marrow (BM)‐derived macrophages are detected in the ischemic hemispheres and display unique transcriptomic profiles. Functional groups enriched in BM‐macrophages are indicative of the pro‐regenerative, immunosuppressive phenotype. Transient depletion of peripheral macrophages with clodronate‐filled liposomes reduced the number of Arg1+ Iba1+ expressing cells in the ischemic brain. The analysis of microglia and macrophage signature genes shows that each cell type maintains the expression of their identity genes, even if gene expression is modified in a response to environmental clues. At Day 7, infiltrating BM‐macrophages exhibit the reduced expression of Arg1, the elevated expression of iNos and many inflammatory genes, as shown by RNA sequencing. This is consistent with their switch toward a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. We propose that BM‐macrophages recruited to the injured brain early after ischemia could contribute to functional recovery after stroke, but they switch toward a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in the ischemic parenchyma. Our results point to the detrimental role of microglia in an ischemic brain and the primarily pro‐regenerative role of infiltrating BM‐macrophages.
Defined astrocytic expression of human amyloid precursor protein in Tg2576 mouse brain
Authors: Heiland Tina , Zeitschel Ulrike , Puchades Maja A. , Kuhn Peer‐Hendrik , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Bjaalie Jan G. , Hartlage‐Rübsamen Maike , Roßner Steffen , Höfling Corinna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransgenic Tg2576 mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) with the Swedish mutation are among the most frequently used animal models to study the amyloid pathology related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The transgene expression in this model is considered to be neuron‐specific. Using a novel hAPP‐specific antibody in combination with cell type‐specific markers for double immunofluorescent labelings and laser scanning microscopy, we here report that—in addition to neurons throughout the brain—astrocytes in the corpus callosum and to a lesser extent in neocortex express hAPP. This astrocytic hAPP expression is already detectable in young Tg2576 mice before the onset of amyloid pathology and still present in aged Tg2576 mice with robust amyloid pathology in neocortex, hippocampus, and corpus callosum. Surprisingly, hAPP immunoreactivity in cortex is restricted to resting astrocytes distant from amyloid plaques but absent from reactive astrocytes in close proximity to amyloid plaques. In contrast, neither microglial cells nor oligodendrocytes of young or aged Tg2576 mice display hAPP labeling. The astrocytic expression of hAPP is substantiated by the analyses of hAPP mRNA and protein expression in primary cultures derived from Tg2576 offspring. We conclude that astrocytes, in particular in corpus callosum, may contribute to amyloid pathology in Tg2576 mice and thus mimic this aspect of AD pathology.
Selection of the optimum 3D‐printed pore and the surface modification techniques for tissue engineering tracheal scaffold in vivo reconstruction
Authors: Pan Shu , Zhong Yi , Shan Yibo , Liu Xueying , Xiao Yuanfan , Shi Hongcan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe influences of pore sizes and surface modifications on biomechanical properties and biocompatibility (BC) of porous tracheal scaffolds (PTSs) fabricated by polycaprolactone (PCL) using 3D printing technology. The porous grafts were surface‐modified through hydrolysis, amination, and nanocrystallization treatment. The surface properties of the modified grafts were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The materials were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The effect of different pore sizes and surface modifications on the cell proliferation behavior was evaluated by the cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8). Compared to native tracheas, the PTS has good biomechanical properties. A pore diameter of 200 μm is the optimum for cell adhesion, and the surface modifications successfully improved the cytotropism of the PTS. Allogeneic implantation confirmed that it largely retains its structural integrity in the host, and the immune rejection reaction of the PTS decreased significantly after the acute phase. Nano‐silicon dioxide (NSD)‐modified PTS is a promising material for tissue engineering tracheal reconstruction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 360–370, 2019.
Fabrication and performance evaluation of blood compatible hemodialysis membrane using carboxylic multiwall carbon nanotubes and low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone based nanocomposites
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Irfan Masooma , Idris Ani , Baig Nadeem , Saleh Tawfik A. , Nasiri Rozita , Iqbal Younas , Muhammad Nawshad , Rehman Fozia , Khalid Hamad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study focused to optimize the performance of polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis (HD) membrane using carboxylic functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (c‐MWCNT) and lower molecular weight grade of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐k30). Initially, MWCNT were chemically functionalized by acid treatment and nanocomposites (NCs) of PVP‐k30 and c‐MWCNT were formed and subsequently blended with PES polymer. The spectra of FTIR of the HD membranes revealed that NCs has strong hydrogen bonding and their addition to PES polymer improved the capillary system of membranes as confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and leaching of the additive decreased to 2% and hydrophilicity improved to 22%. The pore size and porosity of NCs were also enhanced and rejection rate was achieved in the establish dialysis range (<60 kDa). The antifouling studies had shown that NCs membrane exhibited 30% less adhesion of protein with 80% flux recovery ratio. The blood compatibility assessment disclosed that NCs based membranes showed prolonged thrombin and prothrombin clotting times, lessened production of fibrinogen cluster, and greatly suppressed adhesion of blood plasma than a pristine PES membrane. The results also unveiled that PVP‐k30/NCs improved the surface properties of the membrane and the urea and creatinine removal increased to 72% and 75% than pure PES membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 513–525, 2019.
Synthesis and Antitumor Effect of Sophoridine Derivatives Bearing an Acyclic Aryloxy Phosphoramidate Mustard Functionality
Authors: Dai Lin‐Lin , Li Dong‐Dong , Zhao Xiu‐Mei , Zhi Shuang , Shen Hong‐Sheng , Yang Zi‐Bo 
Published: November 2018

To elevate the potency of sophoridine, phosphoramidate mustard motif was incorporated to D‐ring opened sophoridine scaffold. A series of acyclic aryloxy phosphoramidate mustard functionalized sophoridine derivatives were synthesized and screened for cytostatic activity in a range of different tumor cell lines (S180, H22, K562, MCF‐7, SMMC‐7721, and LoVo). All these compounds were shown to be more sensitive to S180 and H22 cells with IC50 values ranging from 2.10 to 7.21 μM. In addition, all targeted derivatives distinctly are more cytotoxic to cancer cells than normal cell L929. Compounds 8b, 8c, 8d, and 8e displayed moderate tumor suppression without apparent organ toxicity in vivo against mice bearing H22 liver tumors. Their potential binding modes with DNA topoisomerase I complex have also been investigated.
Correlating laryngoscopic appearance of laryngeal lesions with histopathology
Authors: Anis Mursalin M. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisMeticulous scrutiny of laryngeal lesions with laryngoscopes and microscopes often identify angiogenic activity, one of the hallmarks of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between laryngoscopic appearance and histopathology of laryngeal lesions based on operative biopsies.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four laryngeal biopsies from 92 patients between 2015 and 2017 met inclusion criteria. Cases were patients who had biopsy‐proven laryngeal dysplasia or malignancy. Controls were patients who had benign laryngeal pathology. All of the laryngeal lesions had either keratosis or vascular stippling, an indication of angiogenic activity. Medical records, videostroboscopies and operative findings of these patients were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the correlation between laryngoscopic appearance of laryngeal lesions and presence or absence of dysplasia and invasive carcinoma.ResultsFifty percent of the 144 laryngeal lesions were classified either as dysplastic or malignant by histopathology. Vascular stippling was present in 31% of all laryngeal lesions. On logistic regression, vascular stippling was significantly associated with dysplastic and malignant lesions (P = .0018). Overall sensitivity and specificity of vascular stippling and the presence of dysplasia and malignancy were 51% and 89%, respectively.ConclusionsLaryngoscopic and microscopic appearance of vascular stippling could inform clinicians on diagnostic sampling of suspicious laryngeal lesions that reduces delay in diagnosis. The low sensitivity of vascular stippling underlies the importance of maintaining high clinical suspicion and proceeding to the operating theater for adequate tissue sampling.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 129:1308–1312, 2019
Biofunctionalized Electrospun PCL‐PIBMD/SF Vascular Grafts with PEG and Cell‐Adhesive Peptides for Endothelialization
Authors: Bai Lingchuang , Zhao Jing , Li Qian , Guo Jintang , Ren Xiangkui , Xia Shihai , Zhang Wencheng , Feng Yakai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractArtificial small‐caliber vascular grafts are still limited in clinical application because of thrombosis, restenosis, and occlusion. Herein, a small‐caliber vascular graft (diameter 2 mm) is fabricated from poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(isobutyl‐morpholine‐2,5‐dione) (PCL‐PIBMD) and silk fibroin (SF) by electrospinning technology and then biofunctionalized with low‐fouling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and two cell‐adhesive peptide sequences (CREDVW and CAGW) with the purpose of enhancing antithrombogenic activity and endothelialization. The successful grafting of PEG and peptide sequences is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The suitable surface wettability of the modified vascular graft is testified by water contact angle analysis. The surface hemocompatibility is verified by platelet adhesion assays and protein adsorption assays, and the results demonstrate that both platelet adhesion and protein adsorption on the biofunctionalized surface are significantly reduced. In vitro studies demonstrate that the biofunctionalized surface with suitable hydrophilicity and cell‐adhesive peptides can selectively promote the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. More importantly, compared with control groups, this biofunctionalized small‐caliber vascular graft shows high long‐term patency and endothelialization after 10 weeks of implantation. The biofunctionalization with PEG and two cell‐adhesive peptide sequences is an effective method to improve the endothelialization and long‐term performance of synthetic vascular grafts.
Sensorimotor subthalamic stimulation restores risk‐reward trade‐off in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Irmen Friederike , Horn Andreas , Meder David , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Plettig Philip , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSTN‐DBS effectively treats motor symptoms of advanced PD. Nonmotor cognitive symptoms, such as impaired impulse control or decision making, may either improve or worsen with DBS. A potential mediating factor of DBS‐induced modulation of cognition is the electrode position within the STN with regard to functional subareas of parallel motor, cognitive, and affective basal ganglia loops. However, to date, the volume of tissue activated and weighted stimulation of STN motor versus nonmotor territories are yet to be linked to differential DBS effects on cognition.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate whether STN‐DBS influences risk‐reward trade‐off decisions and analyze its dependency on electrode placement.MethodsSeventeen PD patients ON and OFF STN‐DBS and 17 age‐matched healthy controls conducted a sequential decision‐making task with escalating risk and reward. We computed the effect of STN‐DBS on risk‐reward trade‐off decisions, localized patients’ bilateral electrodes, and analyzed the predictive value of volume of tissue activated in STN motor and nonmotor territories on behavioral change.ResultsWe found that STN‐DBS not only improves PD motor symptoms, but also normalizes overly risk‐averse decision behavior in PD. Intersubject variance in electrode location could explain this behavioral change. Specifically, if STN‐DBS activated preferentially STN motor territory, patients’ risk‐reward trade‐off decisions more resembled those of healthy controls.ConclusionsOur findings support the notion of convergence of different functional circuits within the STN and imply a positive effect of well‐placed STN‐DBS on nonmotor cognitive functioning in PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Retrotransposon insertion as a novel mutational event in Bardet‐Biedl syndrome
Authors: Tavares Erika , Tang Chen Yu , Vig Anjali , Li Shuning , Billingsley Gail , Sung Wilson , Vincent Ajoy , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Héon Elise 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive pleiotropic disorder of the primary cilia that leads to severe visual loss in the teenage years. Approximately 80% of BBS cases are explained by mutations in one of the 21 identified genes. Documented causative mutation types include missense, nonsense, copy number variation (CNV), frameshift deletions or insertions, and splicing variants.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was performed on a patient affected with BBS for whom no mutations were identified using clinically approved genetic testing of the known genes. Analysis of the WGS was done using internal protocols and publicly available algorithms. The phenotype was defined by retrospective chart review.ResultsWe document a female affected with BBS carrying the most common BBS1 mutation (BBS1: Met390Arg) on the maternal allele and an insertion of a ~1.7‐kb retrotransposon in exon 13 on the paternal allele. This retrotransposon insertion was not automatically annotated by the standard variant calling protocols used. This novel variant was identified by visual inspection of the alignment file followed by specific genome analysis with an available algorithm for transposable elements.ConclusionThis report documents a novel mutation type associated with BBS and highlights the importance of systematically performing transposon detection analysis on WGS data of unsolved cases.
Classic crystal plasticity theory vs crystal plasticity theory based on strong discontinuities—Theoretical and algorithmic aspects
Authors: Fohrmeister V. , Díaz G. , Mosler J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper deals with two different approaches suitable for the description of plasticity in single crystals. The first one is the standard approach that is based on a continuous deformation mapping. Plasticity is driven by a classic Schmid‐type relation connecting the shear stresses to the shear strains at a certain slip system. By way of contrast, the second approach is nonstandard. In this novel model, localized plastic deformation at certain slip planes is approximated by a strong discontinuity (discontinuous deformation mapping). Accordingly, a modified Schmid‐type model relating the shear stresses to the shear displacements (displacement jump) is considered in this model. Although both models are indeed different, it is shown that they can be characterized by almost the same set of equations, eg, by a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic part and a plastic part. This striking analogy eventually leads to a unifying algorithmic formulation covering both models. Since the set of active slip systems is not known in advance, its determination is of utmost importance. This problem is solved here by using the nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) as advocated by Fischer and Burmeister. While this idea is not new, it is shown that the NCP problem is well posed, independent of the number of active slip systems. To be more explicit, the tangent matrix in the return‐mapping scheme is regular even for more than five simultaneously active slip systems. Based on this algorithm, texture evolution in a polycrystal is analyzed by means of both models and the results are compared in detail.
Discontinuation and Nonadherence to Medications for Chronic Conditions after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A 6‐Year Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Jifang , Han Jin , Nutescu Edith A. , Patel Pritesh R. , Sweiss Karen , Calip Gregory S. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an established curative option for patients with hematological malignancies and other life‐threatening conditions. Evidence on nonpersistence and nonadherence to oral medications for chronic conditions among patients following HCT is lacking.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine patterns of oral medication use for chronic conditions following HCT in the U.S. population.MethodsNonpersistence and nonadherence to oral medications for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among HCT recipients were assessed in a cohort that included 1382 autologous and 650 allogeneic HCT recipients with hematological malignancies using the Truven Health MarketScan Research Database between 2009 and 2014. Recipients of HCT were compared to propensity score–matched cancer patients receiving chemotherapy without transplantation. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and generalized estimating equations were used to determine characteristics associated with nonpersistence and nonadherence to oral chronic medications, respectively.ResultsRecipients of HCT had higher risks of discontinuing medication for diabetes mellitus (allogeneic HCT hazard ratio [HR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–3.39; autologous HCT HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.15); hypertension (allogeneic HCT HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.21–2.53; autologous HCT HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.62), and dyslipidemia (allogeneic HCT HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.39–2.93; autologous HCT, HR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.98–1.61) compared to patients treated with only chemotherapy. Lower odds of adherence to antihypertensive medications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.89) and to lipid‐lowering medications (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.22–0.65) were observed in allogeneic HCT recipients compared with propensity score–matched patients who underwent chemotherapy only.ConclusionsPoor medication persistence and adherence to chronic disease medications are common after HCT. Further research to improve long‐term outcomes following HCT should include management of medication therapy for chronic comorbid conditions.
High Catalytic Activity of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene on the Thermal Decomposition of CL‐20
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guo Yu , Li Jiachen , Guan Yulei , Guo Zhaoqi , Ma Haixia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGraphene based materials with excellent physical properties have attracted much attention in the field of energetic materials. Notably, heteroatom doping could modify the property of graphene. Herein, nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGO) with a tunable hierarchical morphology and high surface areas was prepared by a hydrothermal method. NGO composites with 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) were obtained by recrystallization in ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the catalytic activities of NGO and undoped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the thermal decomposition of CL‐20 were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The decomposition temperature, self‐accelerating decomposition temperature, and thermal ignition temperature of CL‐20 all decrease under the influence of NGO. This is attributed to change in charge distribution of carbon atoms influenced by nitrogen dopants and more active sites induced on graphene surface. As a result, NGO exhibits enhanced catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of CL‐20.
On uplifts by warped anti‐D3‐branes
Authors: Moritz Jakob , Retolaza Ander , Westphal Alexander 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this note we outline the arguments against the ten‐dimensional consistency of the simplest types of KKLT de Sitter vacua, as given in [1]. We comment on parametrization proposals within four‐dimensional supergravity and express our disagreement with the recent criticism by the authors of [2].
Intraoperative ultrasound for improved 3D tumour reconstruction in robot‐assisted surgery: An evaluation of feedback modalities
Authors: Camara Mafalda , Mayer Erik , Darzi Ara , Pratt Philip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground: Intraoperative ultrasound scanning induces deformation on the tissue in the absence of a feedback modality, which results in a 3D tumour reconstruction that is not directly representative of real anatomy.Methods: A biomechanical model with different feedback modalities (haptic, visual, or auditory) was implemented in a simulation environment. A user study with 20 clinicians was performed to assess which modality resulted in the 3D tumour volume reconstruction that most resembled the reference configuration from the respective computed tomography (CT) scans.Results: Integrating a feedback modality significantly improved the scanning performance across all participants and data sets. The optimal feedback modality to adopt varied depending on the evaluation. Nonetheless, using guidance with feedback is always preferred compared with none.Conclusions: The results demonstrated the urgency to integrate a feedback modality framework into clinical practice, to ensure an improved scanning performance. Furthermore, this framework enabled an evaluation that cannot be performed in vivo.