bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Presentation of Cervical Cancer in Bhopal
Authors: Jain Rubal , Nigam Rajendra Kumar , Malik Reeni , Jain Pramila 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of cervical cancers in tertiary care center to assess scenario in Central India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study in the Department of Pathology in our institution to evaluate cases of cervical cancers from January 2014 to August 2015. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with age, symptoms, gravida, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, and other relevant clinical details wherever deemed necessary. The biostatical analysis was performed for quantitative data student’s t-test was applied. P value was considered statistically significant if P < 0.05. Results: A total of 180 cases were of neoplasia cervix. Majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma type, i.e., 96.6% (174 cases) followed by adenocarcinoma constituting only 2.8% (5 cases) with a mean age of 50.7 years and average gravida of 3.78. Majority of cases (50.01%) complained of postmenopausal bleeding followed by abnormal spotting (26.67%) and lower abdominal pain (7.78%). The most common presentation was in Stage IIB with 45.56% (82) cases. Conclusion: Histomorphology remains the mainstay of diagnosis of cervical cancers. In low compliance settings such as ours, colposcopy-guided biopsy is the preferred course of management, especially in elderly females to be definite to rule out or diagnose neoplasia. National level cervical cancer program is immediate need of the hour and should include human papilloma virus vaccine, awareness, and screening programs as well as treatment assistance for low socioeconomic strata.
Large Plaque Parapsoriasis in a Child: A Rare Entity in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh , Naeini Farahnaz Fatemi , Faranoush Mohammad , Bolandnazar Najmeh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParapsoriasis is exceedingly rare in children. The presentation, course, and prognosis of parapsoriasis in children have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, a case of large plaque parapsoriasis in 10-year-old boy is reported who was diagnosed recalcitrant pediatrics eczema for about 5 years. Other clinicians had previously treated him with emollients and topical corticosteroids with temporary relief but without improvement. The erythematous scaly patches were situated on the trunk and flank. On skin biopsy, the lymphocytic infiltrate was composed mainly of CD4+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes. No T-cell receptor gene rearrangements were found. The paucity of knowledge about the evolution of this entity in childhood and its relationship to mycosis fungoides makes follow-up critical.
Profile of Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gunge Ratnaprabha Anil , Kalgutakar Alka D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContext: Lymphoma was the second most common malignancy accounted for 22% of pediatric cases, of which 34 (68%) were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Aims: To find the incidence, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, proportion of extranodal involvement, and to study histological subtypes (REAL/WHO classification) of NHL, compare them with reported case series in the world literature. Settings and Design: Gross specimens and biopsies of pediatric NHL were retrieved from the Department of Surgical Pathology from the year 2004 to 2013 at a tertiary care hospital. Patients and Methods: Gross and microscopy of incisional biopsies and surgically resected specimens of pediatric cases were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain and wherever needed special stain and immunohistochemistry were used. Results: The incidence of NHL was higher in more than 10 years of age group with male predominance. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) (41.2%) was the most common subtype followed by T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) (29.4%). Predominantly extranodal presentation was seen, BL presented as ileocecal masses (five cases) and orbital swelling (three cases). T-LL presented as a mediastinal masses (six cases). Rare cases of precursor B-LL involving orbital mass and plasmablastic lymphoma involving paranasal sinuses were studied. Among bone marrows studied a case of T-LL developed pancytopenia, during chemotherapy showed giant pronormoblast (Parvovirus infection). HIV association was seen in five cases of NHL. Postchemotherapy disease-free survival was very low and many patients died during chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although the incidence of HL is higher in children, in the present study, NHL with extranodal presentation (58%) involving rare sites with poor prognosis is higher, 15% of all cases showed HIV seropositivity.
Oral Microflora among Oral Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy in Regional Cancer Center, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
Authors: Fotedar Vikas , Ganju Suniti , Fotedar Shailee , Thakur Purnima , Sharma Aman , Bhardwaj Vinay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the microflora, especially Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Candida species, in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma during various stages from diagnosis through radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 cases with histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were enrolled in the study. For each patient, the sample was collected thrice, i.e., at the time of diagnosis (Sample 1), 14th–15th day (Sample 2), and on the 29th–30th day of radiotherapy (Sample 3). The swab stick was rolled across the oral mucosa in the cases and was sent immediately to the Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, for processing. The swabs were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar. After overnight incubation at 37°C, the organisms were identified by colony characteristics, catalase, coagulase test, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. Results: Out of 17, there was a loss to follow up in three patients, so after analyzing on 14 patients, we had 12 (85.7%) males and 2 (14.3%) females. The mean age of the population was 47.6% ± 12.2%. We had significantly higher proportion of Gram-positive microorganisms in Sample 1 as compared to Sample 3 and the same proportion of Gram-negative organisms in Sample 1 and Sample 3. Candida species was also proportionately higher in Sample 3 as compared to Sample 1. Conclusion: There is a shift of oral microflora from Gram-positive to Candida species from Sample 1 to Sample 3 and Gram-negative being same in Sample 1 and Sample 3.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Adults: A Hospital‑Based Study
Authors: Sharma Jagannath Dev , Baishya Nizara , Kataki Amal Chandra , Kalita Chandi Ram , Das Ashok Kumar , Rahman Tashnin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for 30% of all cancers in India. In north eastern India, tobacco-related cancers are very common because of the widespread use of tobacco. The paucity of any study from this region in young head and neck patients has prompted us to take up this study. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati during January 2015–December 2015. Data regarding tumor site, age, sex, education, habit of tobacco (smokeless and smoke), and betel nut consumption were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: About 75.1% patients were males. Among patients ≤39 years, 83.7% were tobacco chewers, 50.5% were smokers, and 83.7% betel nut chewers, and among >39 years, these proportions were 83.7%, 56.2%, and 78.7%, respectively. The most common site among ≤39 years and >39 were mouth (40.8%) and hypopharynx (36.8%). Among tobacco and betel nut chewers and smokers, the most common sites were mouth (40.3%, 42.5%) and hypopharynx (41.5%). The site of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was highly associated with chewing and smoking habit (P < 0.05). Among illiterate patients, proportions of tobacco and betel nut chewers and smokers were 65.3%, 61.6%, and 67.9%, respectively. Conclusion: A positive association between tobacco use, male gender, and low education levels were found. The younger generation should be made aware about the adverse health consequences of tobacco use to reduce the preventable risk factors of HNC.
Predicted ultrafine particulate matter source contribution across the continental United States during summertime air pollution events
Authors: Venecek Melissa A. , Yu Xin , Kleeman Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The regional concentrations of airborne ultrafine particulate matter mass
(Dp<0.1 µm; PM0.1) were predicted in 39 cities across
the United States (US) during summertime air pollution episodes.
Calculations were performed using a regional source-oriented chemical
transport model with 4 km spatial resolution operating on the
National Emissions Inventory created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Measured source
profiles for particle size and composition between 0.01 and 10 µm were
used to translate PM total mass to PM0.1. Predicted PM0.1
concentrations exceeded 2 µg m−3 during summer pollution episodes
in major urban regions across the US including Los Angeles, the San
Francisco Bay Area, Houston, Miami, and New York. PM0.1 spatial
gradients were sharper than PM2.5 spatial gradients due to the
dominance of primary aerosol in PM0.1. Artificial source tags were used
to track contributions to primary PM0.1 and PM2.5 from 15
source categories. On-road gasoline and diesel vehicles made significant
contributions to regional PM0.1 in all 39 cities even though peak
contributions within 0.3 km of the roadway were not resolved by the 4 km
grid cells. Cooking also made significant contributions to PM0.1
in all cities but biomass combustion was only important in locations
impacted by summer wildfires. Aviation was a significant source of
PM0.1 in cities that had airports within their urban footprints.
Industrial sources, including cement manufacturing, process heating, steel
foundries, and paper and pulp processing, impacted their immediate vicinity
but did not significantly contribute to PM0.1 concentrations in any of
the target 39 cities. Natural gas combustion made significant contributions
to PM0.1 concentrations due to the widespread use of this fuel for
electricity generation, industrial applications, residential use, and commercial
use. The major sources of primary PM0.1 and PM2.5 were notably
different in many cities. Future epidemiological studies may be able to
differentiate PM0.1 and PM2.5 health effects by contrasting
cities with different ratios of PM0.1∕PM2.5. In the current
study, cities with higher PM0.1∕PM2.5 ratios (ratio greater
than 0.10) include Houston, TX, Los Angeles, CA, Bakersfield, CA, Salt Lake
City, UT, and Cleveland, OH. Cities with lower PM0.1 to PM2.5 ratios (ratio lower than 0.05) include Lake Charles, LA, Baton Rouge, LA,
St. Louis, MO, Baltimore, MD, and Washington, D.C.
Assessing the characteristics and drivers of compound flooding events around the UK coast
Authors: Hendry Alistair , Haigh Ivan D. , Nicholls Robert J. , Winter Hugo , Neal Robert , Wahl Thomas , Joly-Laugel Amélie , Darby Stephen E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In low-lying coastal regions, flooding arises from oceanographic (storm
surges plus tides and/or waves), fluvial (increased river discharge), and/or
pluvial (direct surface run-off) sources. The adverse consequences of a flood
can be disproportionately large when these different sources occur
concurrently or in close succession, a phenomenon that is known as
“compound flooding”. In this paper, we assess the potential for compound
flooding arising from the joint occurrence of high storm surge and high
river discharge around the coast of the UK. We hypothesise that there will be
spatial variation in compound flood frequency, with some coastal regions
experiencing a greater dependency between the two flooding sources than
others. We map the dependence between high skew surges and high river
discharge, considering 326 river stations linked to 33 tide gauge sites. We
find that the joint occurrence of high skew surges and high river discharge
occurs more frequently during the study period (15–50 years) at sites on the
south-western and western coasts of the UK (between three and six joint events per
decade) compared to sites along the eastern coast (between zero and one joint
events per decade). Second, we investigate the meteorological conditions
that drive compound and non-compound events across the UK. We show, for the
first time, that spatial variability in the dependence and number of joint
occurrences of high skew surges and high river discharge is driven by
meteorological differences in storm characteristics. On the western coast of
the UK, the storms that generate high skew surges and high river discharge
are typically similar in characteristics and track across the UK on
comparable pathways. In contrast, on the eastern coast, the storms that
typically generate high skew surges are mostly distinct from the types of
storms that tend to generate high river discharge. Third, we briefly examine
how the phase and strength of dependence between high skew surge and high
river discharge is influenced by the characteristics (i.e. flashiness, size,
and elevation gradient) of the corresponding river catchments. We find that high
skew surges tend to occur more frequently with high river discharge at
catchments with a lower base flow index, smaller catchment area, and steeper
elevation gradient. In catchments with a high base flow index, large
catchment area, and shallow elevation gradient, the peak river flow tends to
occur several days after the high skew surge. The previous lack of
consideration of compound flooding means that flood risk has likely been
underestimated around UK coasts, particularly along the south-western and western
coasts. It is crucial that this be addressed in future assessments of flood
risk and flood management approaches.
Strategies for the seismic upgrading of pairs of buildings in a historic precinct
Authors: Charleson Andrew , Southcombe Mark 
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on a theoretical student design project to seismically upgrade buildings in a historic precinct of Wellington. The unique feature of the structural upgrading, heritage retention and adaptation, and new building interventions in the precinct was that all retrofitting designs were applied to pairs or clusters of buildings in order to develop new strategies for their seismic retrofit.
The tying of buildings together as part of retrofitting is rarely encountered in earthquake engineering practice but this can be an important retrofitting approach as shown by the following design outcomes and case-study example. The main finding from the architectural design and seismic retrofit of 70 clusters of two to three buildings was the diversity of the retrofitting strategies that were applied. Two primary categories of retrofitting were identified; tying existing buildings together, and tying existing buildings to new buildings, with each category incorporating several variants. This paper highlights the advantages of retrofitting clusters of buildings to prevent seismic pounding, and for other economic and architectural reasons.
The Emergence of International Commercial Courts in India: A Narrative for Ease of Doing Business?
Authors: Garimella Sai Ramani , Ashraful M.Z. 
Published: July 2019

The Emergence of International Commercial Courts in India: A Narrative for Ease of Doing Business?
The liberal globalised order has brought increased focus on the regulation of international commerce, and especially dispute resolution. Enforcement of contracts has been a concern largely owing to the insufficiencies of the legal systems, especially relating to the institutional structure, and it holds true for India as well. The commercial courts mechanism – international and domestic – with innovative features aimed at providing expedited justice is witnessing much traction. India, similar to many other jurisdictions, legislated in favour of specialized dispute resolution mechanisms for commercial disputes that could help improve the procedures for enforcement of contracts. This research attempts to critique the comparable strengths and the reform spaces within the Indian legislation on commercial courts. It parses the status of commercial dispute resolution in India especially in the context of cross-border contracts and critiques India’s attempt to have specialised courts to address commercial dispute resolution.
Matchmaking International Commercial Courts and Lawyers’ Preferences in Europe
Authors: Themeli Erlis 
Published: July 2019

Matchmaking International Commercial Courts and Lawyers’ Preferences in Europe
France, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands have taken concrete steps to design and develop international commercial courts. Most of the projects claim to be building courts that match the preferences of court users. They also try to challenge England and Wales, which evidence suggests is the most attractive jurisdiction in the EU. For the success of these projects, it is important that their proposed courts corresponds with the expectations of the parties, but also manages to attract some of the litigants that go to London. This article argues that lawyers are the most important group of choice makers, and that their preferences are not sufficiently matched by the new courts. Lawyers have certain litigation service and court perception preferences. And while the new courts improve their litigation service, they do not sufficiently addressed these court perception preferences.
‘Ik ben een beunhaas in de criminologie’
Authors: Daems Tom , van Swaaningen René 
Published: July 2019

‘I am a bungler in criminology’: interview with Pieter Spierenburg
In this article Tom Daems and René van Swaaningen discuss work and life of the late Dutch historian Pieter Spierenburg. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Spierenburg in November 2018 as well as his published work and excerpts of an unpublished biography. The article discusses in particular themes related to his interest in, and contributions to, the history of crime and punishment, in particular Spierenburg’s path-breaking book The Spectacle of Suffering (1984), his relation to Norbert Elias and the Amsterdam School and his critique of Michel Foucault.
Efeito do lodo de esgoto na produção e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (<em>Parapiptadenia rigida</em> (Benth.) Brenan)
Authors: Santos Rafael Pires dos , Costa Alice Lemos , Pedroso Lana Dorneles , Travessas Amanda Oliveira , Vestena Silvane 
Published: July 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos, contendo lodo de esgoto, no teor de macro e micronutrientes em tecidos vegetais (raiz e parte aérea) de mudas de Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan. Os tratamentos foram: T1 (50% substrato comercial Plantmax® + 50% cama de equino (composto orgânico), T2 (20% lodo de esgoto + 80% composto orgânico), T3 (40% lodo de esgoto + 60% composto orgânico) e T4 (60% lodo de esgoto + 40% composto orgânico). Decorridos 180 dias após a semeadura foram mensuradas as características biométricas de altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular, e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Também foram determinados os teores de macro e micronutrientes no sistema radicular e na parte aérea das mudas cultivadas. Observou-se que a ordem crescente do teor total dos macronutrientes avaliados no sistema radicular foi de N > K > Mg > Ca > P > S e na parte aérea Ca > N > K > P > Mg > S; para os micronutrientes, o teor no sistema radicular e na parte aérea foi de Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu. O uso do lodo de esgoto como substrato proporcionou mudas de melhor qualidade nutricional, com melhor crescimento e aumento de biomassa aérea e radicular.
Desplazados medioambientales y Derechos Humanos: una construcción conceptual sine qua non para su protección jurídica internacional | Environmental displaced people and human rights: a conceptual construct as previous step for their international legal protection
Authors: Gracia Pérez Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El presente trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que no es posible diseñar un régimen de protección internacional para las personas desplazadas por disrupciones medioambientales sin antes aclarar qué se entiende por “desplazado medioambiental” y cómo se ha llegado a tal entendimiento. Así, el artículo se estructura en dos partes. La primera de ellas pretende reconstruir el íter que ha configurado la figura del desplazado medioambiental en el pensamiento académico, tanto desde los estudios medioambientales como desde los migratorios. La segunda, por su parte, analiza la primera definición de desplazado ambiental, con vocación jurídica, que aparece en plano internacional y la influencia que en su redacción han tenido las corrientes anteriores.
Abstract: This paper is based on the hypothesis that it is not possible to design an international protection regime for people displaced by environmental disruptions without first clarifying what is meant by "environmental displaced" and how this understanding has been reached. Thus, the article is structured in two parts. The first of them aims to reconstruct how the concept of environmentally displacement has been shaped in academic thinking, both from environmental and migratory studies. The second one, on the other hand, analyzes the first definition of environmental displaced which appears, with a legal vocation, on the international scene and the influence that those previous streams have had on it.
Los derechos humanos en el centro de la Esfera internacional y nacional: nuevos paradigmas hacia la paz y la justicia | Human rights at the center of the international and national Sphere: new paradigms towards peace and justice
Authors: Salvioli Fabián 
Published: July 2019

Los derechos humanos en el centro de la Esfera internacional y nacional: nuevos paradigmas hacia la paz y la justicia | Human rights at the center of the international and national Sphere: new paradigms towards peace and justice
Deficit Financing and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1987-2017
Authors: Okah John Okachukwu , Chukwu Kenechukwu Origin , Ananwude Amalachukwu Chijindu 
Published: July 2019

The debt profile of the Government of Nigeria has been on the increase from 1986; climaxing during the worst recession Nigeria economy has entered into after the structural adjustment programme (SAP). With the reduction in government revenue occasioned by the fluctuations of price of crude oil in the international market and absolute recklessness on the part of successive government, the government has no option than to borrow to fund its day to day activities. This study examined the effect of deficit financing on economic growth of Nigeria from 1987 to 2017. Vector Autoregressive Estimates was used in estimating the model. The analysis performed revealed that deficit financing has positive but insignificant effect on Nigerian economic growth. We recommended that government should strive to diversify its revenue base and also demonstrate a high level of transparency in both its monetary and fiscal operations among others.