bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does institutional ownership engagement matter for greater financial performance?
Authors: Panda Brahmadev , Leepsa N.M. 
Published: February 2019

PurposePrevious empirical evidence scrutinizing the impact of the institutional ownership on the firm performance has produced inconclusive results and mostly concentrated in the developed market. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the ownership engagement by pressure-resistant, pressure-sensitive and foreign institutions on the corporate financial performance in a developing market like India post US financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis study considers a panel data set of 361 Indian listed firms from National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 index for a period of eight years from financial year (FY) 2008-2009 to FY 2015-2016. The panel data regression (pooled ordinary least square [OLS], fixed-effect [FE] and random-effect [RE]) and simultaneous equation modeling are used by considering the institutional ownership engagement as both exogenous and endogenous variable.FindingsThe test results show that institutional ownership engagement by the pressure-resistant and foreign institution have a robust and positive effect, while ownership engagement by the pressure sensitive institution has an adverse impact on the financial performance of the Indian listed firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings will boost the monitoring activities of the institutional owners in the developing markets. The investment from pressure-resistant and foreign institutions needs to be augmented in Indian firms to improvise their governance functions and performance.Originality/valueThis research will enrich the governance literature of the developing economies as the studies on institutional ownership engagement are limited in the developing world. Further, this study adds value by capturing two emerging institutional ownership category such as the pressure-resistant and pressure-sensitive, which are still untouched in the Indian context. Next, the consideration of the institutional ownership as both exogenous and endogenous is also novel to the Indian literature.
Cesarean overuse and the culture of care
Authors: White VanGompel Emily , Perez Susan , Datta Avisek , Wang Chi , Cape Valerie , Main Elliott 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo assess hospital unit culture and clinician attitudes associated with varying rates of primary cesarean delivery.Data Sources/Study SettingIntrapartum nurses, midwives, and physicians recruited from 79 hospitals in California participating in efforts to reduce cesarean overuse.Study DesignLabor unit culture and clinician attitudes measured using a survey were linked to the California Maternal Data Center for birth outcomes and hospital covariates.MethodsAssociation with primary cesarean delivery rates was assessed using multivariate Poisson regression adjusted for hospital covariates.Principal Findings1718 respondents from 70 hospitals responded to the Labor Culture Survey. The “Unit Microculture” subscale was strongly associated with primary cesarean rate; the higher a unit scored on 8‐items describing a culture supportive of vaginal birth (eg, nurses are encouraged to spend time in rooms with patients, and doulas are welcomed), the cesarean rate decreased by 41 percent (95% CI = −47 to −35 percent, P < 0.001). Discordant attitudes between nurses and physicians were associated with increased cesarean rates.ConclusionsHospital unit culture, clinician attitudes, and consistency between professions are strongly associated with primary cesarean rates. Improvement efforts to reduce cesarean overuse must address culture of care as a key part of the change process.
Will converting naloxone to over‐the‐counter status increase pharmacy sales?
Authors: Murphy Sean M. , Morgan Jake R. , Jeng Philip J. , Schackman Bruce R. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the own‐price elasticity of demand for naloxone, a prescription medication that can counter the effects of an opioid overdose, and predict the change in pharmacy sales following a conversion to over‐the‐counter status.Data Sources/Study SettingThe primary data source was a nationwide prescription claims dataset for 2010‐2017. The data cover 80 percent of US retail pharmacies and account for roughly 90 percent of prescriptions filled. Additional covariates were obtained from various secondary data sources.Study DesignWe estimated a longitudinal, simultaneous equation model of naloxone supply and demand. Our primary variables of interest were the quantity of naloxone sold, measured as total milligrams sold at pharmacies, and the out‐of‐pocket price paid per milligram, both measured per ZIP Code and quarter‐year.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPrimary data came directly from payers and processors of prescription drug claims.Principal FindingsWe found that, on average, a 1 percent increase in the out‐of‐pocket price paid for naloxone would result in a 0.27 percent decrease in pharmacy sales. We predict that the total quantity of naloxone sold in pharmacies would increase 15 percent to 179 percent following conversion to over‐the‐counter status.ConclusionsNaloxone is own‐price inelastic, and conversion to over‐the‐counter status is likely to lead to a substantial increase in total pharmacy sales.
Postmortem Analysis of Electrogram Records from an Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) in the Reconstruction of a Road Traffic Accident
Authors: Kaliszan Michał , Daniłowicz‐Szymanowicz Ludmiła , Kempa Maciej , Tomczak Ewa , Krzyżanowska Marta , Jankowski Zbigniew , Raczak Grzegorz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe case of a 69‐year‐old man, equipped with an ICD and suffering from several chronic cardiac diseases, who died in a car accident, was presented. We analyzed electrogram records from the ICD explanted from the body during the autopsy, which showed that the driver had suffered from malignant ventricular arrhythmia—ventricular fibrillation (VF). A thorough analysis of the details of the accident, as well as the timing of VF and the rhythm observed after the discharge of the ICD showed that the direct cause of the accident was the episode of arrhythmia resulting in a loss of consciousness. Therefore, the presented case illustrates the usefulness of postmortem analysis of electrogram records from ICDs in the reconstruction of road traffic accidents. In such cases, if the victims are implanted with ICDs, it should be a routine procedure performed by forensic pathologists.
Activation of AMPK‐dependent autophagy in the nucleus accumbens opposes cocaine‐induced behaviors of mice
Authors: Lu Hai‐Feng , Xiao Wen , Deng Si‐Long , Cheng Xiao‐Ling , Zheng Hui‐Ling , Chen Jian‐Guo , Wang Fang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant, which can induce drug addiction. Previous studies have reported that cocaine‐induced autophagy is involved in neuroinflammation and cell death. However, the role of autophagy in psychomotor sensitivity to cocaine has not been explored. Here, we reported that D1 receptor ‐CaMKII‐AMPK‐FoxO3a signaling pathway was involved in acute cocaine application‐induced autophagy in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of the ATG5 gene in the NAc augmented behavioral response to cocaine, and induction of autophagy in the NAc with rapamycin attenuated cocaine‐induced behavioral response, which was coincident with the alterations of dendritic spine density in neurons of NAc. These results suggest that cocaine exposure leads to the induction of autophagy, which is a protective mechanism against behavioral response to cocaine of male mice.
A significant solidus: Punctuating sexual exploitation with discretionary practices
Authors: Phillips Catherine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, I report on a study that examined how young people are framed within formalized child welfare reviews. The study examined reports of serious case reviews (SCRs) in England over a 6‐year period, 2008–2016. I report on a data set on sexual exploitation. I focus on both the professionals and the reviewers, who are considered experts in child protection. The study focused on two aspects: one, how did professionals produce a “young person,” and two, how is the cultural identity of a young person represented within, and (re)produced by, these documents. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. I report on both the semantic and latent levels, discussing the words and phrases used, and the meaning they carry as situated across multiple SCRs. The analysis revealed that young people are literally seen through a visual lens, figuratively through a series of labels and produced as an autonomous, free subject. I conclude by arguing that age is applied in a visual and highly problematic way.
A moderate Buddhist animal research ethics
Authors: Fenton Andrew 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThough there is a burgeoning interest in applied Buddhist ethics, Buddhist animal research ethics remains an underdeveloped area. In this paper I will explore how some central Buddhist ethical considerations can usefully engage our use of other animals (henceforth, animals) in science. As the scientific use of animals is broad, I will narrow my focus to laboratory science. I will show that, though a Buddhist abolitionism would not be unmotivated, it is possible to reject it. While doing so, it will be important to resist emphasizing elements of Buddhist thought that merely provide reasons to adopt the dominant ethical framework governing laboratory animal research ethics, known as the 3Rs. Though I will suggest how a Buddhist animal research ethics can sometimes permit the use of animals in harmful research, it will also require ethical constraints that resonate with some of the more progressive elements in ‘Western’ bioethics.
Decision aids for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: an effectiveness rapid review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karagiannis T. , Andreadis P. , Manolopoulos A. , Malandris K. , Avgerinos I. , Karagianni A. , Tsapas A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo perform a rapid review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating patient decision aids (PtDAs) for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe searched Medline and the Cochrane Library for RCTs assessing PtDAs in people with Type 2 diabetes. PtDAs were defined as tools designed to help people engage in decision‐making about healthcare options, such as making treatment choices or setting therapeutic goals. The study selection process was facilitated by an automated screening tool to identify RCTs. We classified outcomes into seven domains and conducted meta‐analyses using random effects models.ResultsWe included a total of 15 studies, nine of which were cluster RCTs, that evaluated 10 PtDAs. Thirteen trials compared a PtDA with usual care or usual care plus educational material, whereas two RCTs compared individually tailored vs. non‐tailored PtDAs. Meta‐analyses showed a favourable effect of PtDAs compared with usual care in reducing decisional conflict [weighted mean difference (WMD) −4.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) −7.93 to −1.39] and in improving knowledge (WMD 20.46, 95% CI 9.13 to 3.77). Use of PtDAs resulted in more active involvement in decision‐making during the consultation, although no effect was evident in terms of glycaemic control or self‐reported medication adherence.ConclusionsPtDAs for people with Type 2 diabetes can improve the quality of decision‐making and increase knowledge transfer. Interpretation of our findings is attenuated due to limitations related to the rapid review approach, including searching only two databases and performing data extraction and risk of bias assessment by a single reviewer.
Freighting English law: interpreting maritime spaces, law and the Armenian strategies in the Indian Ocean
Authors: SENGUPTA SANTANU 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, I examine the formation of the English East India Company's legal regime in the Indian Ocean between the mid‐eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. I look at how this process affected maritime trade and space from the vantage point of Armenian merchants' interactions with the colonial regime in the courts of law. The productive tensions arising from the colonial regime's new protocols and the merchants' leveraging tactics make for a complex story of Anglo‐Armenian dialogue. I argue that indigenous agency in the colonial courts complicated the binary colonial/indigenous structure. The idea of legal pluralism that emerges from the article suggests that the identity of an imperial subject or the definition of law was neither a given nor simply imposed through colonial coercion but was a complex product of a long‐term dialogue and rationalization.
Natural variation in the promoter of OsHMA3 contributes to differential grain cadmium accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice
Authors: Liu Chao‐Lei , Gao Zhen‐Yu , Shang Lian‐Guang , Yang Chang‐Hong , Ruan Ban‐Pu , Zeng Da‐Li , Guo Long‐Biao , Zhao Fang‐Jie , Huang Chao‐Feng , Qian Qian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRice is a major source of cadmium (Cd) intake for Asian people. Indica rice usually accumulates more Cd in shoots and grains than Japonica rice. However, underlying genetic bases for differential Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice are still unknown. In this study, we cloned a quantitative trait locus (QTL) grain Cd concentration on chromosome 7 (GCC7) responsible for differential grain Cd accumulation between two rice varieties by performing QTL analysis and map‐based cloning. We found that the two GCC7 alleles, GCC7PA64s and GCC793‐11, had different promoter activity of OsHMA3, leading to different OsHMA3 expression and different shoot and grain Cd concentrations. By analyzing the distribution of different haplotypes of GCC7 among diverse rice accessions, we discovered that the high and low Cd accumulation alleles, namely GCC793‐11 and GCC7PA64s, were preferentially distributed in Indica and Japonica rice, respectively. We further showed that the GCC7PA64s allele can be used to replace the GCC793‐11 allele in the super cultivar 93‐11 to reduce grain Cd concentration without adverse effect on agronomic traits. Our results thus reveal that the QTL GCC7 with sequence variation in the OsHMA3 promoter is an important determinant controlling differential grain Cd accumulation between Indica and Japonica rice.
Physical therapy in Down syndrome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ruiz‐González L. , Lucena‐Antón D. , Salazar A. , Martín‐Valero R. , Moral‐Munoz J. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, with a worldwide incidence of around 0.1% in live births. It is related to several conditions in which the physical therapy could take action‐preventing co‐morbidities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy in Down syndrome, to know and compare the effectiveness of different physical therapy interventions in this population.MethodsA systematic review and a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials were conducted. The search was performed during June 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Scopus. The studies were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale evaluated the quality of the methods used in the studies. Subsequently, the data were extracted, and statistical analysis was performed when possible.ResultsA total of 27 articles were included, of which nine contributed information to the meta‐analysis. Statistical analysis showed favourable results for the strength of upper and lower limbs [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.77–2.15); and SMD = 2.04; 95% CI: (1.07–3.01)] and mediolateral oscillations of balance [SMD = −3.30; 95% CI: (−5.34 to −1.26)].ConclusionsThe results show the potential benefit of certain types of physical therapy interventions, specifically in strength and balance, in people with Down syndrome. There are still many aspects to clarify and new lines of research.
Implementation of the Champions for Skin Integrity model to improve leg and foot ulcer care in the primary healthcare setting
Authors: Parker Chrisina N. , Shuter Patricia , Maresco‐Pennisi Diane , Sargent Jodie , Collins Lou , Edwards Helen E. , Finlayson Kathleen J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo facilitate evidence‐based leg and foot ulcer management through implementation of the Champions for Skin Integrity model to education in primary health care in Australia.BackgroundLeg and foot ulcers are frequently seen wounds in general practice and wound care the most frequently performed activity by practice nurses. The literature reports the lack of evidence‐based leg and foot ulcer assessment, management and prevention strategies in this setting, and previous research in regard to confidence and knowledge has indicated that general practice health professionals have the greatest need for education in wound care.DesignPre–post, nonequivalent group research design.MethodsThe Champions for Skin Integrity model of evidence‐based wound management utilised strategies including workshops, development of Champions and use of resources. Pre‐ and post‐implementation health professional surveys and patient clinical audits were completed. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Paired t tests identified statistically significant differences between the pre/post staff survey data. STROBE guidelines for reporting were followed (See Appendix S1).ResultsOne hundred nine general practice healthcare professional staff attended the workshops. Significant outcomes were noted in increased levels of confidence in ability to assess, manage and prevent all types of leg and foot ulcers, as well as to apply evidence‐based practice and change management following workshops. Pre‐ and post‐skin audits also indicated an increase in evidence‐based practices.ConclusionImplementation of Champions for Skin Integrity strategies in this sample of primary healthcare professionals in general practice fostered a positive change in evidence‐based wound management, assessment and prevention.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Champions for Skin Integrity model has supported increases in evidence‐based practices in treatment and management of wounds in primary healthcare professionals, similar to the positive outcomes gained in the aged care setting. This is likely to lead to positive outcomes for those with wounds in this setting.
An observational study of temperature and thermal images of surgical wounds for detecting delayed wound healing within four days after surgery
Authors: Siah Chiew‐Jiat Rosalind , Childs Charmaine , Chia Chung King , Cheng Kin Fong Karis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo elucidate the infrared thermal patterns and temperature readings of the surfaces of surgical wounds for detecting delayed wound healing within four days after surgery.BackgroundThe nursing assessment of surgical wounds within the first four days after surgery is commonly based on visual and physical examination. Surgical wounds with delayed healing may be not detected if they do not exhibit signs such as redness or exudate within four days after surgery.DesignThis study was conducted using prospective observational design with reference to the STROBE Statement (see Supporting Information Appendix ) to examine the temperatures of surgical wounds in their natural settings.MethodsBased on convenience sampling, 60 participants admitted to the colorectal surgical ward for enterostoma closure from January–November 2013 were recruited.ResultsAlthough both infected and noninfected surgical wounds exhibited a significant increase in wound temperature from Days 1–4, the infected wounds revealed a statistically significantly lower temperature than the noninfected ones. Within the infrared thermal images, the infected wounds presented with partial warming of the skin surrounding and along the incision, suggesting that delayed healing could be identified.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that delayed wound healing can be detected within the first four days after surgery for early intervention of prevention and treatment before discharge.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis paper provides evidence‐based information for healthcare professionals in assessing surgical wounds for delayed healing within the first four days after surgery. The findings herein enable the early detection of delayed wound healing, based on which early intervention of prevention and treatment may be instituted for affected patients before their discharge.
Successful management of abnormal uterine bleeding from uterine arteriovenous malformations with progesterone in postabortal patients
Authors: Taneja Ashima , Chopra Isha , Kaur Harmeet , Naik Sushree S. , Aggarwal Reetika , Sachdeva Eshani , Kaur Poonampreet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo study the feasibility of conservative management with progesterone as a treatment option for postabortal patients with uterine arterio‐venous malformations (AVMs).MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in the tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years. Postabortal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were enrolled. Diagnosis was made by history, clinical and radiological examinations. Oral norethisterone was used (10 mg twice daily for 3 weeks, maximum of three cycles). Descriptive statistics was used to present the data.ResultsA total of 30 patients were included. Majority (n = 17) had complete resolution of symptoms after a single 3‐week course of progesterone therapy. Rest (n = 13) remained symptomatic and required second course. Of the later, only three remained symptomatic after 2 months, and underwent CT angiography followed by embolization. There was no report of any serious adverse events.ConclusionOral norethisterone is a safe, effective and novel oral drug as an alternative to embolization or surgical therapy for patients with postabortal AVM bleed. Larger studies are required to confirm the findings of the present study.
Crafting social resources on days when you are emotionally exhausted: The role of job insecurity
Authors: Breevaart Kimberley , Tims Maria 
Published: February 2019

Workdays are demanding and draw upon one's emotional and physical resource pools. Consequently, employees become exhausted and need to recover by replenishing their resources during and/or after their workday. Building on conservation of resources theory, we argue that employees, especially those with low job insecurity, cope with exhaustion at work by crafting social resources on the days that they are exhausted. Specifically, we expect that employees who are exhausted will use their limited resources to gain social support from their co‐workers and supervisor, but only when employees feel they can profit from this newly gained resource in the long run (i.e., when the risk of losing one's job is low). We tested this idea in a sample of 271 elementary school teachers who filled out an online daily diary at the end of each workday for a period of 10 workdays (271 × 7.31 days = 1,539 data points). Results of multilevel modelling analyses showed that there was a significant cross‐level interaction effect for perceived risk of losing one's job (i.e., job insecurity). That is, on the days that employees were exhausted, they crafted more social resources, especially when they perceived low (vs. high) job insecurity. Our study shows that exhaustion is not necessarily detrimental to employees and organizations, but may also activate employees to reduce resource loss by proactively searching for support in their work environment.Practitioner points

On a daily basis, employees who are exhausted search for social resources such as social support from colleagues.

Employees especially try to deal with their exhaustion by crafting social resources when they generally feel that their job is not at risk (i.e., low job insecurity).