bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brewing process optimization by artificial neural network and evolutionary algorithm approach
Authors: Takahashi Maria Beatriz , Coelho de Oliveira Henrique , Fernández Núñez Eutimio Gustavo , Rocha José Celso 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe beer quality can be modulated from changes in their ingredient proportions, as well as in operating parameters. The crossed experimental designs and the multiple optimizations based on desirability functions have demonstrated to be effective methodologies in the unit operation polynomial modeling and optimization of bioprocess, respectively. However, artificial intelligence techniques have been used as an alternative to this modeling in bioprocess. Therefore, this study aimed to implement a software combining artificial neural network (ANN) and differential evolution to optimize the topology of an ANN to model the Ale beer production and to use the optimized ANN in ingredients and operation parameters choice that ensure a beer with high acceptance rate, by the genetic algorithm technique for multiple‐objective function. This approach allowed to find ANN models which fitted the process with correlation coefficients higher than 0.85 and high satisfaction level of beer desirable quality attributes (global desirability value = 0.78).Practical ApplicationsThis manuscript could be useful for bioprocess professionals involved in the development of the brewing process and artificial intelligence applications. The approach applied in this work allows for modeling and optimization of brewing process using a combination of crossed experimental design, artificial neural networks, and evolutionary algorithms with relatively low experimental efforts. At the same time, the quality attributes of the beer are better controlled.
Effect of sprouting conditions on the properties of direct expanded extruded wheat
Authors: Krapf Julia , Arysanto Arysthina , Walther Goeran , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates the use of flour from sprouted wheat for the production of extruded, directly expanded products. Until now, studies on the use of sprouted material in extrusion have not been concerned with differences in the sprouted material. This contribution documents the first attempt to study the effect of the variation of the sprouting process on extrudate properties. Extrudates were produced at standard conditions using material produced by the variation of sprouting times (steeped, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days sprouted). It was found that an increasing duration of the sprouting process also increases the starch degradation and hence sugar generation. During this process, vitamin C levels showed an increase of up to 10‐fold. The accompanying changes in viscosity propagate systematically into different observations. With increased starch degradation back pressures in the extrusion die were reduced, extrudates show less sectional expansion, but densities were decreased because longitudinal expansion was increased significantly. The extrudates made with sprouted material were preferred during sensory assessment. The degree of sprouting, which was defined earlier proved to be a useful property to characterize the progress of the sprouting process and correlated well with changes observed for the sprouted flour and extrudate properties.Practical applicationThe use of sprouted wheat in the production of direct expanded extrudates is a promising opportunity to change and improve extrudate properties. On the one hand, the nutritional value of the extrudates is improved due to the use of sprouted wheat flour which contains newly synthesized vitamins, more essential amino acids, and a decreased phytic acid content. On the other hand, the texture of the extrudates is improved and less additives are needed in the production. Due to the starch degradation in the sprouting process short‐chain sugars were formed, which naturally increase the sweetness of the extrudates.
Nonlinear Effects of Mortgage Spreads Over the Business Cycle
Authors: CHENG CHAK HUNG JACK , CHIU CHING‐WAI (JEREMY) 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper provides robust evidence for the nonlinear effects of mortgage spread shocks during recessions and expansions in the United States. Estimating a smooth‐transition vector autoregression (STVAR) model, we show that mortgage spread shocks hitting in a recessionary phase create significantly deeper and more protracted declines in consumption and housing market variables. In addition, we provide evidence that these mortgage spread shocks could be largely interpreted as credit supply shocks in the mortgage market. Our empirical results imply that unconventional monetary policy, such as the Federal Reserve's mortgage‐backed security purchase program, would be a more effective tool for stabilizing the economy during recessions than in expansions.
Unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanisms of stretch marks
Authors: Schuck Desirée C. , de Carvalho Camila M. , Sousa Mariane P. J. , Fávero Priscila P. , Martin Airton A. , Lorencini Márcio , Brohem Carla A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundStriae distensae, commonly known as stretch marks, are cutaneous lesions that accompany the hormonal upheavals of the major stages of life: puberty and pregnancy. Stretch marks occur in 90% of women, and they appear as red or purple lines that slowly fade to pale lines on the skin. There have been few studies regarding stretch mark origins, and new preventive and corrective treatments are needed.AimsThe aim of this work was to understand the primary genes and proteins involved in the regulation of striae compared to normal skin and to identify the differentially expressed genes and biochemical aspects of SA and SR Importantly, this is the first published study to use a molecular high‐throughput approach combined with in vivo evaluation.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the molecular differences between skin with and without stretch marks (rubra [SR] and alba [SA]) of female volunteers using DNA microarray (Whole Human Genome Microarray Kit, 4×44 K, Agilent Technologies) analyses of cutaneous biopsies (2 mm) and in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy of selected buttock regions, a technique recently introduced as a noninvasive skin evaluation method.ResultsWe identified gene expression alterations related to ECM, cellular homeostasis, and hormones such as secretoglobulins. Spectral analyses of collagen, fibrillin, and glycosaminoglycans were conducted by Raman spectroscopy at different skin depths. The main differences observed when comparing skin with and without stretch marks were at depths between 75 and 95 μm, corresponding to the dermal‐epidermal junction and dermis regions and showing differences between normal skin and stretched skin regarding collagen, collagen hydration, and elastin fibers.ConclusionThe results obtained by RNA and protein analyses are complementary and show that significant changes occur in the skin affected by stretch marks. These results suggest new strategies and opportunities to treat this skin disorder and for the development of new and eficiente cosmetic products.
Effect of 5‐year continuous positive airway pressure treatment on the lipid profile of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A pilot study
Authors: Simon Beatrix , Gabor Bettina , Barta Imre , Paska Csilla , Boszormenyi Nagy Gyorgy , Vizi Eva , Antus Balazs 
Published: May 2019

AbstractContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provides a well‐documented symptomatic relief for most patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, its effect on dyslipidaemia remains contradictory. The aim of this longitudinal pilot study was to investigate the effect of long‐term CPAP treatment on the lipid profile of patients with severe OSA. Fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C and HDL‐C) and triglyceride (TG) were longitudinally measured in 33 OSA patients with an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥30 events/hr, at the time of diagnosis (baseline) and at control visits following fixed‐pressure CPAP treatment. Compared to baseline values, even as short as a 2‐month CPAP therapy resulted in a significant decrease of both TC and LDL‐C levels (TC, 5.62 ± 0.22 vs. 5.18 ± 0.21 mmol/L; LDL‐C, 3.52 ± 0.19 vs. 3.19 ± 0.2 mmol/L; p < 0.05 for each). These lipid fractions exhibited similar improvements at 6 months and after 5 years of CPAP treatment (TC, 5.1 ± 0.17 mmol/L; LDL‐C, 2.86 ± 0.16 mmol/L; p < 0.01 for each). The reduction in lipid levels was greater in younger patients and/or in those who had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between AHI and lipid levels (p > 0.05); BMI showed a weak negative association with HDL‐C fraction (BMI, r = −0.263, p < 0.05). CPAP therapy had neither short‐ nor long‐term effects on TG and HDL‐C levels (p > 0.05). CPAP therapy has a rapid and long‐lasting beneficial effect on the lipid profile of patients with severe OSA.
Controlling preharvest maturity in farmed Arctic char: A review from the Canadian perspective
Authors: Yossa Rodrigue , Bardon‐Albaret Agnès , Chiasson Marcia A. , Liu Qi , Duston Jim , Manning Tony , Benfey Tillmann J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArctic char, Salvelinus alpinus L. is a promising candidate for aquaculture expansion in Northern Europe, Canada, and the United States because of its excellent growth at low temperature, tolerance to high rearing density, high fillet yield, and superior flesh texture and flavor. To support this industry, several breeding programs in these regions currently focus on selection for growth and delayed maturation. While the growth potential of existing strains has been improved, preharvest sexual maturation remains a problem in this industry. This article describes current knowledge on the control of preharvest maturation in Arctic char at the hatchery level through the production of single‐sex and triploid populations and during the grow‐out phase through the manipulation of photoperiod and feed intake. Research perspectives on the subject are also suggested in order to complement the efforts of ongoing breeding programs.
Biochemical and physiological investigations on adenosine 5ʹ monophosphate deaminase from Plasmodium spp.
Authors: Nagappa Lakshmeesha Kempaiah , Singh Dipti , Dey Sandeep , Kumar Kota Arun , Balaram Hemalatha 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe interplay between ATP generating and utilizing pathways in a cell is responsible for maintaining cellular ATP/energy homeostasis that is reflected by Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) ratio. Adenylate kinase (AK), that catalyzes inter‐conversion of ADP, ATP and AMP, plays a major role in maintaining AEC and is regulated by cellular AMP levels. Hence, the enzymes AMP deaminase (AMPD) and nucleotidases, which catabolize AMP, indirectly regulate AK activity and in‐turn affect AEC. Here, we present the first report on AMPD from Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. The recombinant enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied using functional complementation assay and residues vital for enzyme activity have been identified. Similarities and differences between Plasmodium falciparum AMPD (PfAMPD) and its homologs from yeast, Arabidopsis and humans are also discussed. The AMPD gene was deleted in the murine malaria parasite P. berghei and was found to be dispensable during all stages of the parasite life cycle. However, when episomal expression was attempted, viable parasites were not obtained, suggesting that perturbing AMP homeostasis by over‐expressing AMPD might be lethal. As AMPD is known to be allosterically modulated by ATP, GTP and phosphate, allosteric activators of PfAMPD could be developed as anti‐parasitic agents.
Identification and characterization of Helicobacter pylori O‐acetylserine‐dependent cystathionine β‐synthase, a distinct member of the PLP‐II family
Authors: Devi Suneeta , Tarique Khaja Faisal , Ali Mohammad Farhan , Abdul Rehman Syed Arif , Gourinath Samudrala 
Published: May 2019

SummaryO‐acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS) and cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) are members of the PLP‐II family, and involved in L‐cysteine production. OASS produces L‐cysteine via a de novo pathway while CBS participates in the reverse transsulfuration pathway. O‐acetylserine‐dependent CBS (OCBS) was previously identified as a new member of the PLP‐II family, which are predominantly seen in bacteria. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori possess only one OASS (hp0107) gene and we showed that the protein coded by this gene actually functions as an OCBS and utilizes L‐homocysteine and O‐acetylserine (OAS) to produce cystathionine. HpOCBS did not show CBS activity with the substrate L‐serine and required OAS exclusively. The HpOCBS structure in complex with methionine showed a closed cleft state, explaining the initial mode of substrate binding. Sequence and structural analyses showed differences between the active sites of OCBS and CBS, and explain their different substrate preferences. We identified three hydrophobic residues near the active site of OCBS, corresponding to one serine and two tyrosine residues in CBSs. Mutational studies were performed on HpOCBS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS. A ScCBS double mutant (Y158F/Y226V) did not display activity with L‐serine, indicating indispensability of these polar residues for selecting substrate L‐serine, however, did show activity with OAS.
The Development‐Ending Dominant and the Late Cadence in vi: Changing Norms in the Sonatas of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven
Authors: DUANE BENJAMIN 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTScholars disagree about the stylistic norms surrounding the end of the development section in eighteenth‐century sonatas. Although most sonata theories claim that the typical development ends with a prolonged dominant of the home key, other work never mentions this prolongation and focuses instead on a late cadence in vi – a gesture that often occurs near the end of the development, just before a brief retransition that may or may not culminate in a home‐key dominant.I evaluate these divergent views by analysing a corpus containing all first‐movement sonata forms from the string quartets and piano sonatas of Haydn, Mozart and early Beethoven. The results validate both views, provided they are placed in historical context. In the 1780s and 1790s the majority of developments ended with a dominant prolongation. In the 1760s and 1770s, however, only about a third ended this way. At the same time, the late cadence in vi appeared in over three‐quarters of developments from the 1760s and 1770s but in only half of those from the 1780s and 1790s.Thus, the conflicting accounts of development‐ending norms reflect a historical transition from one convention (the late cadence in vi) to another (the dominant prolongation).
Whole‐genome resequencing‐based QTL‐seq identified AhTc1 gene encoding a R2R3‐MYB transcription factor controlling peanut purple testa colour
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Ma Junjie , Li Ming , Deng Li , Li Guanghui , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Hou Lei , Li Pengcheng , Ma Changle , Yuan Mei , Ren Li , Gu Jianzhong , Guo Baozhu , Zhao Chuanzhi , Wang Xingjun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPeanut (Arachis hypogaea. L) is an important oil crop worldwide. The common testa colours of peanut varieties are pink or red. But the peanut varieties with dark purple testa have been focused in recent years due to the potential high levels of anthocyanin, an added nutritional value of antioxidant. However, the genetic mechanism regulating testa colour of peanut is unknown. In this study, we found that the purple testa was decided by the female parent and controlled by a single major gene named AhTc1. To identify the candidate gene controlling peanut purple testa, whole‐genome resequencing‐based approach (QTL‐seq) was applied, and a total of 260.9 Gb of data were generated from the parental and bulked lines. SNP index analysis indicated that AhTc1 located in a 4.7 Mb region in chromosome A10, which was confirmed by bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR) analysis in three segregation populations derived from the crosses between pink and purple testa varieties. Allele‐specific markers were developed and demonstrated that the marker pTesta1089 was closely linked with purple testa. Further, AhTc1 encoding a R2R3‐MYB gene was positional cloned. The expression of AhTc1 was significantly up‐regulated in the purple testa parent YH29. Overexpression of AhTc1 in transgenic tobacco plants led to purple colour of leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. In conclusion, AhTc1, encoding a R2R3‐MYB transcription factor and conferring peanut purple testa, was identified, which will be useful for peanut molecular breeding selection for cultivars with purple testa colour for potential increased nutritional value to consumers.
Development and validation of a tool to assess the rural neighborhood environment for obesity in Korean adults
Authors: Kim Bongjeong , Kim Gwang Suk , Hyun Hye Sun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate a tool that assesses the perceived neighborhood environments influencing obesity development among rural adults in Korea.Design and SamplesQualitative and quantitative methods were used. Twenty‐one adults participated in focus group interviews. Subsequently, two independent surveys were conducted with rural adults aged 19–65.MeasurementsLiterature review and focus group interviews were used to generate initial items. An expert's panel evaluation established content validity for these items and pilot testing of the draft tool was performed. Explanatory (n = 328) and confirmatory factor analyses (n = 1,070) were used to establish construct validity, and internal consistency and test–retest reliability were calculated (n = 88).ResultsThe new tool consisting of 37 items was developed and validated. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an eight‐subscale structure (χ2 = 3,738.1, GFI = 0.831, SRMR = 0.060, RMSEA = 0.070). The tool showed moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.519–0.775) and good internal consistency except for Social Influence on Healthy Eating (Cronbach's α = 0.612).ConclusionsThe Rural Neighborhood Environment Assessment for Obesity tool might be a valid and reliable instrument for public health practitioners to assess complex social and physical environmental factors related to obesity.
Hope as an irreducible concept
Authors: Blöser Claudia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractI argue for a novel answer to the question “What is hope?”. On my view, rather than aiming for a compound account, i.e. analysing hope in terms of desire and belief, we should understand hope as an irreducible concept. After criticizing influential compound accounts of hope, I discuss Segal and Textor's alternative of describing hope as a primitive mental state. While Segal and Textor argue that available developments of the standard definition do not offer sufficient conditions for hope, I question the deep‐seated idea that desire and belief are even necessary conditions for hope. My suggestion is that we should take seriously the fact that we hope in a great variety of ways and should question the search for elements that are common to all cases. A promising alternative follows the Wittgensteinian idea that cases of hope are related in terms of family resemblance, i.e. are multiply realizable on the ontological level while falling under the non‐definable concept of hope.
Authorship and Originality in Seventeenth‐Century Iberia: Faria e Sousa’s Rimas Várias de Luís de Camoens
Authors: Park Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManuel de Faria e Sousa’s Rimas Varias de Luis de Camoens (1685–88) continues to be the most influential edition of and scholarly work on Camões’s lyric oeuvre. While his attributions have been widely debated (and many disproved), the reasons Faria e Sousa puts forward for them have received only cursory attention. The commentator’s strikingly psychological explanations for ascribing texts to Camões suggest unexpected ways in which lyric authorship could be conceptualised in the seventeenth century. How he deals with the proliferation of texts in manuscript miscellanies illuminates where the line lay between variants, poorly concealed plagiarism, and entirely new poems – in other words, what makes a poem original. Faria e Sousa’s edition points to a prehistory of claims to author’s rights and authorial originality before the introduction of copyright legislation and highlights the role that editors played in the construction of modern authorship, suggesting they might be as possessive of texts, if not more so, than writers themselves.
Lorenzo de’ Medici and inheritance law in Florence
Authors: Kuehn Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 1477 a law was passed in Florence concerning inheritance by women. This law has long been taken (including by the near‐contemporaries, Niccolo Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini) as Lorenzo de’ Medici's effort to preclude his enemies, the Pazzi, from gaining a lucrative estate, just a year before the assassination attempt of Easter 1478. In fact, what the law did was address a real legal problem in the interpretation of Florence's inheritance statute and fit the law with the designs of the Florentine, Giovanni Borromei, whose estate it was, and who seemingly wanted it to go to his nephew. While contemporary consilia reveal that the law's interpretation was a minority position among practising jurists, it was a perfectly legal point of view and not solely a political manoeuvre against the Pazzi.
A comparative study on oral health status in Greek preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders with movement limitations
Authors: Tzouanaki Aikaterini , Agouropoulos Andreas , Kavvadia Katerina , Papagiannoulis Liza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the oral health status of preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in Greece and compare it to that, of healthy children of the same age.Methods and resultsThe sample consisted of 146 preschool children with NDD and movement limitations attending the rehabilitation centers of ELEPAP and 165 healthy children matched for age and maternal origin. Caries prevalence, dmft index, precavitated carious lesions (WSL) prevalence Visual Plaque Index (VPI), Restorative Index (RI), Mutans Streptococci (MS) levels, saliva buffer capacity, gingival hyperplasia, tooth wear and developmental dental defects were assessed. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests (P ≤.05). The NDD group, compared to the healthy controls, had significantly lower caries prevalence (P <.001), dmft index (P <.001), VPI (P <.001) and MS levels (P = .027), significantly higher WSL prevalence (P <.001), and visited the dentist at an older age (P <.001). Significant determinants of WSL in the NDD group was the VPI (P = .009) and the presence of MS (P <.028).ConclusionPreschool children with NDD had lower prevalence of manifested caries but higher prevalence of WSL. However, most oral health parameters need improvement for both groups indicating the need for proper early interventions especially in the NDD group.