bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent neurodegenerative patterns: Comparison of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET- and MRI-based Alzheimer’s disease subtypes
Authors: Wheatley Sophia H , Mohanty Rosaleena , Poulakis Konstantinos , Levin Fedor , Muehlboeck J Sebastian , Nordberg Agneta , Grothe Michel J , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and MRI are key imaging markers for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. It has been well established that parieto-temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET is closely associated with medial temporal atrophy on MRI in Alzheimer’s disease. Substantial biological heterogeneity, expressed as distinct subtypes of hypometabolism or atrophy patterns, has been previously described in Alzheimer’s disease using data-driven and hypothesis-driven methods. However, the link between these two imaging modalities has not yet been explored in the context of Alzheimer’s disease subtypes. To investigate this link, the current study utilized FDG-PET and MRI scans from 180 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer’s disease dementia patients, 339 amyloid-beta positive mild cognitive impairment and 176 amyloid-beta negative cognitively normal controls from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Random forest hierarchical clustering, a data-driven model for identifying subtypes, was implemented in the two modalities: one with standard uptake value ratios and the other with grey matter volumes. Five hypometabolism- and atrophy-based subtypes were identified, exhibiting both cortical-predominant and limbic-predominant patterns although with differing percentages and clinical presentations. Three cortical-predominant hypometabolism subtypes found were Cortical Predominant (32%), Cortical Predominant+ (11%) and Cortical Predominant posterior (8%), and two limbic-predominant hypometabolism subtypes found were Limbic Predominant (36%) and Limbic Predominant frontal (13%). In addition, little atrophy (minimal) and widespread (diffuse) neurodegeneration subtypes were observed from the MRI data. The five atrophy subtypes found were Cortical Predominant (19%), Limbic Predominant (27%), Diffuse (29%), Diffuse+ (6%) and Minimal (19%). Inter-modality comparisons showed that all FDG-PET subtypes displayed medial temporal atrophy, whereas the distinct MRI subtypes showed topographically similar hypometabolic patterns. Further, allocations of FDG-PET and MRI subtypes were not consistent when compared at an individual level. Additional analysis comparing the data-driven clustering model with prior hypothesis-driven methods showed only partial agreement between these subtyping methods. FDG-PET subtypes had greater differences between limbic-predominant and cortical-predominant patterns, and MRI subtypes had greater differences in severity of atrophy. In conclusion, this study highlighted that Alzheimer’s disease subtypes identified using both FDG-PET and MRI capture distinct pathways showing cortical versus limbic predominance of neurodegeneration. However, the subtypes do not share a bidirectional relationship between modalities and are thus not interchangeable.
Theoretical study on stacking distance dependence of one- and two-photon absorption properties of phenalenyl π-dimer models
Authors: Yokoyama Masako , Kishi Ryohei , Kitagawa Yasutaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stacking distance (d) dependence of the peak positions and intensities of one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of phenalenyl π-dimer models was investigated theoretically. Excitation energies and transition dipole moments required to simulate the OPA and TPA spectra were evaluated at the extended multiconfigurational quasi-degenerate second-order perturbation theory (XMC-QDPT2) level. The first TPA peak intensity for the model with d = 3.0 Å, related to the electronic transition along the stacking direction, was enhanced by a two-order magnitude compared with that for the model with d = 6.0 Å. We also obtained diradical character (y)-dependent behavior of the TPA property for the first TPA peak predicted from the valence-bond configuration interaction method based on the two-site model.
Counter-representations in an Australian web drama: trans-Pacific repertoire and diasporic contradictions in No Ordinary Love
Authors: Oh David C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
No Ordinary Love is a web drama written by Esther Fwati, a Zambian Australian actor-writer, and her friend, Helen Kim, a Korean Australian writer-director. The five-episode web drama, which claims to be “inspired” by Korean television, positions a diasporic story of multiracial, inter-diasporic love between a Zambian Australian woman and a Korean Australian man. Despite its short length, the web drama’s counter-representational choices weave together global media flows and diasporic interpretations of race and family in multicultural Australia. I argue that the show’s explicit counter-representational centering of a Black woman and an Asian man subverts gendered racialization, and its assertion of diasporic communities as commonplace disrupts ideas of Australia as White and Anglophone. However, its representation of immigrant family conflict displaces racism onto the immigrant mother that stands in contrast to Australia as a multicultural nation that is progressive in its acceptance of difference.
Cardiac cycle modulates alpha and beta suppression during motor imagery
Authors: Lai Giuseppe , Landi David , Vidaurre Carmen , Bhattacharya Joydeep , Herrojo Ruiz Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous interoception research has demonstrated that sensory processing is reduced during cardiac systole, an effect associated with diminished cortical excitability, possibly due to heightened baroreceptor activity. This study aims to determine how phases of the cardiac cycle—systole and diastole—modulate neural sensorimotor activity during motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME). We hypothesised that MI performance, indexed by enhanced suppression of contralateral sensorimotor alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (14–30 Hz) activity, would be modulated by the cardiac phases, with improved performance during diastole due to enhanced sensory processing of movement cues. Additionally, we investigated whether movement cues during systole or diastole enhance muscle activity. To test these hypotheses, 29 participants were instructed to perform or imagine thumb abductions, while we recorded their electroencephalography, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram (EMG) activity. We show that imaginary movements instructed during diastole lead to more pronounced suppression of alpha and beta activity in contralateral sensorimotor cortices, with no significant cardiac timing effects observed during ME as confirmed by circular statistics. Additionally, diastole was associated with significantly increased EMG on the side of actual and, to a lesser degree, imagined movements. Our study identifies optimal cardiac phases for MI performance, suggesting potential pathways to enhance MI-based assistive technologies.
When emotion and time meet from human and rodent perspectives: a central role for the amygdala?
Authors: Doyère Valérie , Droit-Volet Sylvie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Initiated by a long stay of Valérie Doyère in the laboratory of Joseph LeDoux, a Franco–American collaborative group was formed around the topic of emotion and time perception in a comparative perspective between humans and non-human animals. Here, we discuss results from our studies on the mechanisms underlying time distortion under 2 conditions, timing of a threatening stimulus and timing of a neutral stimulus in the context of fear, with insights from neurodevelopment. Although the type of temporal distortion depends on the experimental situations, in both humans and rodents a high-arousal emotion automatically triggers acceleration of an “internal clock” system, an effect that may rely on the early maturing amygdala. Our studies, particularly in humans, also point to the role of attention and self-awareness in regulating the effect of fear on timing, relying on the prefrontal cortex, a late maturing structure. Thus, in line with LeDoux, while the amygdala may process all characteristics of events (including time) necessary to quickly trigger appropriate survival behaviors, some type of time distortions may rely on higher-order processing, some specific to humans. The extent of the network underlying threat-related time distortions remains to be explored, with species comparisons being a promising means of investigation.
Individual differences in functional connectivity during suppression of imagined threat
Authors: Westhoff Marlon , Vogelbacher Christoph , Schuster Verena , Hofmann Stefan G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies typically rely on between-person analyses. To examine individual differences in functional connectivity, we used Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation and its subgrouping function to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 54 participants who were suppressing imagined future threat. A two-stage random-effects meta-analytic approach was employed to examine individual differences. In addition to generalizable connections between brain regions, we identified individual differences in personalized models suggesting different pathways through which individuals suppress future threat. Two subgroups with distinct connectivity patterns emerged: One subgroup (n = 29; 53.70%), characterized by an additional lagged connection from the right to the left posterior cingulate cortex, exhibited comparatively higher anxiety and less brain connectivity, whereas the other subgroup (n = 25; 46.30%), showing an additional connection from the left posterior cingulate cortex to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, was associated with lower anxiety levels and greater connectivity. This study points to individual differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation.
Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial STIs: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083
Authors: Clement Meredith E , Hanscom Brett , Haines Daniel , Bazan Jose A , Chotirosniramit Nuntisa , Kofron Ryan , Mannheimer Sharon , Mayer Kenneth H , Torres Silva Mayara Secco , Soto-Torres Lydia , Rinehart Alex R , Rooney James F , Jennings A , Gomez-Feliciano K , McCauley Marybeth , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Landovitz Raphael J ,   for HPTN 083 Study Team, Chariyalertsak Suwat , Dunne Eileen F , Phanuphak Nittaya , Viet Ha Tran , Sued Omar , Losso Marcelo H , Kailas Esper G , Valdez Ramalho Jose , Madruga  , Riegel Santos Breno , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Hinojosa Boyer Juan Carlos , Antonio Valencia Javier , Huamani  , Gallardo-Cartagena Jorge A , Gonzales Pedro , Cabello Robinson , Middelkoop Keren , Overton E Turner , Oyedele Temitope , Liu Albert , Justman Jessica , Hurt Christopher , Reirden Daniel , Fichtenbaum Carl , Hall Christopher , Mayer Kenneth , Magnus Manya , van Dam Cornelius , Franks Julie , Kelley Colleen , Arduino Roberto C , Rompalo Anne , Swaminathan Shobha , Ellen Abdalian Sue , Van Tieu Hong , Bazan Jose , Frank Ian , del Rio Carlos , Gaur Aditya , Landovitz Raphael J , Clark Jesse , Novak Richard , Presti Rachel , Gulick Roy (Trip) 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been shown to facilitate HIV transmission and acquisition. HPTN 083, a global clinical trial, demonstrated superiority of long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) versus daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for HIV prevention among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men. This analysis assessed whether CAB-LA maintained protective efficacy when bacterial STIs (syphilis, rectal/urethral gonorrhea and chlamydia) were present.

Methods
STI events per 100 person-years (PY) were calculated, including by subgroups (age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, treatment arm, drug use, alcohol use, region/country, condom usage, partner number, marital status, baseline STI). Association between baseline factors and STI incidence was modeled using Poisson regression. Cox proportional hazards modeling with STI status as a time-varying covariate was used to evaluate potential interactions between STI status and the relative efficacy of CAB-LA vs. TDF/FTC.

Findings
Among 3,859 participants, overall STI incidence rate was 50.7 infections/100PY. STIs were diagnosed in 1,562 (40.5%) participants; 79% of STIs occurred in 25% of the participants. STI incidence was not different by PrEP arm. In the final multivariable model, age, region, race, education level, marital status, and baseline STI were associated with incident STI (p&lt;0.05). HIV incidence was lower with CAB-LA vs. TDF/FTC with or without STIs (hazard ratios 0.37 and 0.31, respectively), with no significant interaction between STIs and the HR for HIV incidence (p = 0.75).

Conclusion
In a large PrEP trial with high STI incidence, CAB-LA maintained robust protective efficacy relative to TDF/FTC in the setting of bacterial STIs.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Financial Incentives for Not Prescribing Unnecessary Antibiotics to Children With Acute Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections: Japan's Nationwide Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Uda Kazuhiro , Miyairi Isao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
To address antibiotic overuse, the Japanese government implemented a novel financial incentive policy in 2018. The policy enables eligible healthcare facilities to claim ¥800 (approximately $5.7) per case wherein a rationale to not prescribe antibiotics is offered for children aged &lt;3 years with acute upper respiratory tract infections or gastroenteritis. Although the short-term effect of this policy was observed in our previous study, its long-term effects have not been evaluated nationwide.

Methods
We conducted a quasi-experimental study using a staggered difference-in-differences design with propensity score matching. Data from 165 113 children born between April 2017 and March 2019 were extracted from 2 nationwide administrative databases. The study tracked these children until May 2022, comparing those exposed to the policy with those who were not.

Results
The introduction of financial incentives led to a 44.9% reduction (95% confidence interval, 41.1%–47.7%) in total antibiotic prescriptions within the first month and 19.5% reduction (8.7%–29.1%) over 48 months. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use also decreased by 24.4% (95% confidence interval, 14.0%–33.6%) over the same period. The policy did not result in increased hospitalizations, after-hours visits, or healthcare costs, but it was associated with a slight increase in the number of office visits. A dose-response relationship was observed, with reductions in antibiotic use leveling off after approximately 5 incentives.

Conclusions
Financial incentives effectively reduced antibiotic prescriptions in children without adverse health outcomes, demonstrating sustained benefits over 4 years. This antimicrobial stewardship intervention offers a scalable model for other countries aiming to curb antibiotic overuse and combat antimicrobial resistance.
Inflation targeting and the real exchange rate trend: theoretical discussion and empirical evidence for developed and developing countries
Authors: Nassif André , Feijó Carmem , Araújo Eliane , Leão Rafael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Economic literature shows evidence that a competitive real exchange rate (RER), i.e., slightly undervalued, is key for development in developing countries. This paper discusses the connections between inflation targeting (IT) regimes and RER trends in economies highly open to capital flows. Following Rodrik’s (2008. The real exchange rate and economic growth, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Washington, 2008, vol. 39, no. 2 (Fall), 365–439), the RER trend is estimated for a sample of 31 out of the 38 developed and developing countries that, by the final year of the period covered in this study (2019), had already adopted IT. Covering the period 2000–2019, we showed that all developed and Latin American developing countries had an RER overvaluation trend, while the European, Asian and African (South Africa) developing countries registered an undervaluation trend in the same period. Through a dynamic panel data model, we tested and validated the following hypotheses, which, to the best of our knowledge, are a seminal contribution. We found in Latin American developing countries, whose ITs are centred on the main objective of pursuing price stability, the RER overvaluation trend (a by-product of this monetary policy regime) is driven by higher interest rate differentials to the USA and is harmful to their economic growth. In developed countries, this trend is not explained by their IT framework but by their high per capita income level, which reflects their high average labour productivity and development pattern. Yet, the trend of RER undervaluation in Asian and European developing countries and South Africa reflects their governments’ ability to combine a more flexible IT regime with a floating but managed exchange rate system aimed at preserving a competitive and stable RER in the long term.
Central bank balance sheets under foreign exchange accumulation: insights from endogenous money theory and monetary policy implementation
Authors: Bozhinovska Simona 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article proposes to draw on the recent experiences of many central banks of advanced economies and the evolution of their operational frameworks in the new context of increased domestic liquidity when analyzing the operations of central banks that engage in exchange rate management and increase their official foreign reserves as a result. It argues that the theoretical literature on endogenous money set within the context of an open economy with an exchange rate objective needs to be amended to account for such developments, as it would be entirely possible for a central bank that accumulates substantial foreign reserves to adopt a floor system and thus maintain a near-perfect control over its policy interest rate without the need for any compensating measure. On the grounds of the reverse causation argument, establishing a direct link between the foreign reserves and the monetary base should not entail any quantitative effect on other economic variables.
The utility of brief instruments for depression screening in dialysis patients
Authors: Vázquez Isabel , Figueiras Adolfo , Salgado-Barreira Ángel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Depression is a frequent but often underdiagnosed comorbid disorder in dialysis patients. The Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II) is a reliable and valid instrument for depression screening but is relatively long for repeated use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare the BDI-II with the shorter questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory–FastScreen (BDI-FS), the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-D), the Mental Health (MH) scale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and two items of the MH (‘So down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up’ and ‘Downhearted and blue’) to determine the most efficient instruments for screening depressive symptoms in dialysis patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients from 14 health centres undergoing in-centre haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. All patients completed the BDI-II, HADS-D and MH scale. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for each brief instrument were assessed relative to BDI-II ≥16.

Results
Of the 145 patients included in the study (mean age 62 years; 66% male), 24.8% had depressive symptoms (BDI ≥16). The cut-off points with the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value for BDI-FS were ≥3 (91.7% and 96.1%, respectively) and ≥4 (80.6% and 92.4%, respectively) and for the HADS-D these were ≥4 (91.7% and 95.8%, respectively) and ≥5 (83.3% and 92.6%, respectively). The cut-off points for the total MH and the two items (considered separately or together) resulted in lower sensitivity (&lt;80%) and lower negative predictive values (&lt;90%).

Conclusions
Both the BDI-FS and HADS-D are adequate screening tools for depression in the dialysis population. As the BDI-FS is easier to complete and score and enables identification of patients at risk of suicide, it may be the best alternative to the BDI-II for depression screening in dialysis patients in clinical settings.
Remote management of anaemia in patients with end-stage kidney disease using a wearable, non-invasive sensor
Authors: Steig Amy , Miller Forrest , Shreim Samir , Wilcox Jake , Sykes Carole , Whittaker David , Sivaprakasam Rajesh , Gupta Samit , Kuraguntla David 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Anaemia is a prevalent complication in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing haemodialysis. This study evaluates the accuracy of the Alio SmartPatch™, a non-invasive remote monitoring device, in measuring haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) levels in haemodialysis patients by comparing its results with standard blood-based laboratory methods. The results from 116 patients across multiple sites in the USA and the Kingdom of Jordan show that SmartPatch measurements align closely with standard blood-based laboratory methods, meeting clinically acceptable limits of agreement. The current standard methods of Hb and Hct measurements are invasive and require visits to clinical sites, whereas the FDA-cleared SmartPatch offers non-invasive measurement of these parameters up to 240 times per month, thereby enhancing personalized care and patient engagement. This study demonstrates the potential of remote monitoring technologies, such as the SmartPatch, to improve the management of ESKD-associated anaemia. Further research is warranted to evaluate the device's long-term outcomes and its impact across diverse patient populations.
The evaluation of kidney transplant candidates prior to waitlisting: a scoping review
Authors: Boerstra Brittany A , Pippias Maria , Kramer Anneke , Dirix Marie , Daams Joost , Jager Kitty J , Hellemans Rachel , Stel Vianda S 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Before patients with kidney failure can undergo kidney transplantation, their suitability is assessed through a transplantation work-up. Variation in the transplantation work-up could contribute to inefficiency and inequality in accessing the transplant waiting list and kidney transplantation. We conducted a scoping review on the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates prior to waitlisting, investigating: (i) content of the transplantation work-up; (ii) contraindications to waitlisting; and (iii) organization of the transplantation work-up. A systematic search was conducted in Ovid Medline and Ovid EMBASE in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Studies investigating practice patterns since 2013 related to the evaluation of adults receiving their first kidney graft from a deceased donor were included. Results from 20 studies showed substantial variation in the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates. The content of the transplantation work-up differed between studied centers, yet common domains included screening for infections, heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and malignancy. Commonly reported contraindications to waitlisting were obesity and age-related factors. However, strict cut-off for BMI and age were used less. The organization of the transplantation work-up differed across studied centers with regard to referral and waitlisting decisions, screening and prioritization, and the setting of the transplantation work-up. Literature on the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates is limited, but our findings suggest substantial variation in pre-waitlisting practices among centers. This may contribute to differences in kidney transplantation access and outcomes between countries. Further research on pre-transplantation practices, specifically regarding the standardization of the transplantation work-up, is needed.