bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time dosimetry with radiochromic films
Authors: Casolaro Pierluigi , Campajola Luigi , Breglio Giovanni , Buontempo Salvatore , Consales Marco , Cusano Andrea , Cutolo Antonello , Di Capua Francesco , Fienga Francesco , Vaiano Patrizio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRadiochromic film dosimetry has been widely employed in most of the applications of radiation physics for over twenty years. This is due to a number of appealing features of radiochromic films, such as reliability, accuracy, ease of use and cost. However, current radiochromic film reading techniques, based on the use of commercial densitometers and scanners, provide values of dose only after the exposure of the films to radiation. In this work, an innovative methodology for the real-time reading of radiochromic films is proposed for some specific applications. The new methodology is based on opto-electronic instrumentation that makes use of an optical fiber probe for the determination of optical changes of the films induced by radiation and allows measurements of dose with high degree of precision and accuracy. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the dynamic range of some kinds of films, such as the EBT3 Gafchromic films (intensively used in medical physics), can be extended by more than one order of magnitude. Owing to the numerous advantages with respect to the commonly used reading techniques, a National Patent was filed in January 2018.
Bulk and surface recombination properties in thin film semiconductors with different surface treatments from time-resolved photoluminescence measurements
Authors: Weiss Thomas P. , Bissig Benjamin , Feurer Thomas , Carron Romain , Buecheler Stephan , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe knowledge of minority carrier lifetime of a semiconductor is important for the assessment of its quality and design of electronic devices. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements offer the possibility to extract effective lifetimes in the nanosecond range. However, it is difficult to discriminate between surface and bulk recombination and consequently the bulk properties of the semiconductor cannot be estimated reliably. Here we present an approach to constrain systematically the bulk and surface recombination parameters in semiconducting layers and reduces to finding the roots of a mathematical function. This method disentangles the bulk and surface recombination based on TRPL decay times of samples with different surface preparations. The technique is exemplarily applied to a CuInSe2 and a back-graded Cu(In,Ga)Se2 compound semiconductor, and upper and lower bounds for the recombination parameters and the mobility are obtained. Sets of calculated parameters are extracted and used as input for simulations of photoluminescence transients, yielding a good match to experimental data and validating the effectiveness of the methodology. A script for the simulation of TRPL transients is provided.
Near-field imaging of surface-plasmon vortex-modes around a single elliptical nanohole in a gold film
Authors: Triolo Claudia , Savasta Salvatore , Settineri Alessio , Trusso Sebastiano , Saija Rosalba , Agarwal Nisha Rani , Patanè Salvatore 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present scanning near-field images of surface plasmon modes around a single elliptical nanohole in 88 nm thick Au film. We find that rotating surface plasmon vortex modes carrying extrinsic orbital angular momentum can be induced under linearly polarized illumination. The vortex modes are obtained only when the incident polarization direction differs from one of the ellipse axes. Such a direct observation of the vortex modes is possible thanks to the ability of the SNOM technique to obtain information on both the amplitude and the phase of the near-field. The presence of the vortex mode is determined by the rotational symmetry breaking of the system. Finite element method calculations show that such a vorticity originates from the presence of nodal points where the phase of the field is undefined, leading to a circulation of the energy flow. The configuration producing vortex modes corresponds to a nonzero total topological charge (+1).
K336I mutant actin alters the structure of neighbouring protomers in filaments and reduces affinity for actin-binding proteins
Authors: Umeki Nobuhisa , Shibata Keitaro , Noguchi Taro Q. P. , Hirose Keiko , Sako Yasushi , Uyeda Taro Q. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMutation of the Lys-336 residue of actin to Ile (K336I) or Asp (K336E) causes congenital myopathy. To understand the effect of this mutation on the function of actin filaments and gain insight into the mechanism of disease onset, we prepared and biochemically characterised K336I mutant actin from Dictyostelium discoideum. Subtilisin cleavage assays revealed that the structure of the DNase-I binding loop (D-loop) of monomeric K336I actin, which would face the adjacent actin-protomer in filaments, differed from that of wild type (WT) actin. Although K336I actin underwent normal salt-dependent reversible polymerisation and formed apparently normal filaments, interactions of K336I filaments with alpha-actinin, myosin II, and cofilin were disrupted. Furthermore, co-filaments of K336I and WT actins also exhibited abnormal interactions with cofilin, implying that K336I actin altered the structure of the neighbouring WT actin protomers such that interaction between cofilin and the WT actin protomers was prevented. We speculate that disruption of the interactions between co-filaments and actin-binding proteins is the primary reason why the K336I mutation induces muscle disease in a dominant fashion.
Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles Overcome MicroRNA Regulatory Network Mediated-Multidrug Resistant Leukemia
Authors: Deng Rong , Ji Bai , Yu Hongliang , Bao Wei , Yang Zhuoqi , Yu Ying , Cui Yahan , Du Yangyang , Song Meiyu , Liu Shujun , Meguellati Kamel , Yan Fei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a major problem in current leukemia treatments. Here, we investigated cross-talk between the miR-221 network and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in doxorubicin-induced drug resistance of leukemia cells. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles were designed and synthesized to co-deliver three anticancer agents, AS1411, doxorubicin and anti-221, for improving leukemia treatment efficacy. These nanoparticles significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic potential, and induced apoptosis of drug-resistant leukemia cells. The decreased growth of drug-resistant cells induced by these nanoparticles was associated with marked downregulation of miR-221 and DNMT1, leading to restored p27kip1 and p15ink4b tumor suppressor expression, as well as miR-221-mediated reduction of P-gp expression. Finally, primary blasts derived from leukemia patients experiencing chemoresistant relapse that were exposed to these nanoparticles were sensitized to doxorubicin, as evidenced by suppression of leukemic cell growth and a significant reduction of the doxorubicin IC50 value. Our findings provide proof of concept that this novel drug delivery system can precisely reverse the multidrug resistant leukemia phenotype based on preclinical models of leukemia, providing the framework for future clinical trials aimed at overcoming drug resistance and improving patient outcome.
Suppression of lncRNA RMRP ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced neural cells injury by inhibiting autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Zhou Zheyi , Xu Hong , Liu Baozhu , Dun Linglu , Lu Changjun , Cai Yefeng , Wang Honghao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been inferred to be closely related with the progression of neural ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. RMRP is an lncRNA associated with I/R injury. In order to determine the role of RMRP in I/R injury, the effects of RMRP knockdown on oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. The effect of OGD/R administration on the expression of RMRP and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, and the effect of RMRP suppression by siRNA on the impairments of cells proliferation and mobility potential due to OGD/R administration were assessed in the current study. At the molecular level, the current study detected the expressions of indicators involved in autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis pathways. The OGD/R administration induced the expression of RMRP and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. After RMRP knockdown, the proliferation potential of SH-SY5Y cells was restored, and apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were inhibited. Moreover, RMRP inhibition also increased the invasion and migration of SH-SY5Y cells which were treated with OGD/R. The effects of RMRP suppression on the phenotypes of SH-SY5Y were associated with the inhibition of LC3II, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR as well as the induction of P62 and Bcl-2. Inhibition of RMRP contributed to the improvement of OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, which might be mediated through the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis pathways.
MiR-92a modulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cell lines by targeting Dickkopf-related protein 3
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Song Hang , Liu Li , Hu Shuo , Liao Yuxin , Li Gang , Xiao Xiao , Chen Xin , He Shisheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is recognized as a common malignant tumor with a high trend of metastasis and diffusion. Despite the progresses that have been made in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the recent decades, the prognosis of patients with OS still remains poor. MiRNAs are being increasingly considered as new therapeutic targets for OS treatment. Our research aims to investigate the regulatory impact of miR-92a in the development of OS. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results revealed that the expression of miR-92a was aberrantly overexpressed in human OS cell lines. By using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometric analyses and Transwell assays, our data suggested that up-regulation of miR-92a promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MNNG and U2OS cells, while inhibiting their apoptosis. In contrast, the knockdown of miR-92a effectively reversed these cellular biological behaviors. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) was a possible target of miR-92a. Subsequently, negative regulation of miR-92a on DKK3 was observed, which further supported the direct binding between them. In addition, silencing DKK3 rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-92a inhibitor on the development of OS. To sum up, our study revealed that miR-92a played a carcinogenic role in the growth of OS by promoting the tumorigenesis of OS cells via targeting of DKK3, thus revealing a new therapeutic target for OS.
Penalty method with Crouzeix–Raviart approximation for the Stokes equations under slip boundary condition
Authors: Kashiwabara Takahito , Oikawa Issei , Zhou Guanyu 
Published: March 2019

The Stokes equations subject to non-homogeneous slip boundary conditions are considered in a smooth domainΩ⊂ ℝN(N= 2,3). We propose a finite element scheme based on the nonconforming P1/P0 approximation (Crouzeix–Raviart approximation) combined with a penalty formulation and with reduced-order numerical integration in order to address the essential boundary conditionu · n∂Ω = gon∂Ω. Because the original domainΩmust be approximated by a polygonal (or polyhedral) domainΩhbefore applying the finite element method, we need to take into account the errors owing to the discrepancyΩ ≠ Ωh, that is, the issues of domain perturbation. In particular, the approximation ofn∂Ωbyn∂Ωhmakes it non-trivial whether we have a discrete counterpart of a lifting theorem, i.e., continuous right inverse of the normal trace operatorH1(Ω)N→H1/2(∂Ω);u↦u⋅n∂Ω. In this paper we indeed prove such a discrete lifting theorem, taking advantage of the nonconforming approximation, and consequently we establish the error estimatesO(hα+ε) andO(h2α+ε) for the velocity in theH1- andL2-norms respectively, whereα = 1 ifN = 2 andα = 1/2 ifN = 3. This improves the previous result [T. Kashiwabaraet al.,Numer. Math.134(2016) 705–740] obtained for the conforming approximation in the sense that there appears no reciprocal of the penalty parameterϵin the estimates.
Autoimmune Encephalitides and Rapidly Progressive Dementias
Authors: Wesley Sarah , Ferguson Damien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRapidly progressive dementia (RPD) or cognitive decline is a common presenting complaint in neurology. While primary dementia is often a concern, other forms of reversible dementia must be thoroughly considered. This article focuses on the growing field of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as it pertains to the differential diagnostic considerations in a work-up for RPD. Understanding clues in the history and examination is the first step in identifying patients with a potential autoimmune cause for RPD. While testing for infectious and toxic-metabolic etiologies is commonly preformed, it is necessary to consider early ancillary testing for AE in appropriate cases of RPD. Autoantibody testing in the spinal fluid and serum, brain imaging, and electroencephalography all form the first line of investigations for AE. Treatment options and strategies depend on the AE subtype and a number of individual patient considerations.
Hiring Practices in Private Practice Interventional Radiology
Authors: Mustert Bryan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe growth of interventional radiology over the last several decades has changed the specialty into a dynamic, clinically based practice, vital to the function of a successful radiologic practice. This growth of the specialty has been paralleled by our own sections growth in a large Midwest private practice radiology group. This article looks at our experience in hiring interventional radiologists, including evaluation of our process, successes, and failures, along with lessons learned.
What Does It Mean to Be an Interventional Radiologist? SIR and the Private Practice Initiative
Authors: Pyne Raj 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe new interventional radiology (IR) residency training pathways seek to graduate physicians who are not only experts at imaging and technically savvy but clinically oriented doctors capable of preprocedural workup and postprocedural care. The goal is for compassionate IRs who are holistic in their treatment of the patient and their disease, not just an expert at the procedure. However, much of this new envisioned approach for the modern IR is contradicted by the stark reality that most IRs in practice today (and most of the job market) are in private practice, where resources for clinical care in reality may not be prioritized as much in this idealistic scenario. The Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) has recently made it a priority to represent the unique needs and frustrations of IRs in private practice and hopefully find a solution to the imminent reality that is facing most practicing IRs and future graduates.
Contracts and Negotiation: The Fundamentals for Interventional Radiologists
Authors: Findeiss Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere are numerous situations in which a physician may be in a position to negotiate a high-value contract. For an interventional radiologist, these may include personal employment contracts, vendor contracts for capital equipment, show-site agreements, research contracts, group partnerships, professional services agreements, and other types of relationships. Opportunities for physicians to learn about the nuances of contracts, themselves, are limited, and most will learn about negotiation and contracts through experience and sometimes through failure. This article will review contracting as it relates to physician employment relationships, with the goal of reviewing the fundamental principles of contracting and negotiation, exploring the prerogatives of hospitals, physician groups, and individual physicians as they relate to building mutually beneficial and productive relationships, and examining common pitfalls of contracting.
Imaging of Pelvic and Femoral Fixation Hardware: Normal Findings and Hardware Failure
Authors: Sanal Hatice , Boulton Christina , Neyisci Cagri , Erdem Yusuf , Lowe Jason 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGood outcomes following treatment of pelvic ring injuries, acetabular fractures, and femur fractures rely on restoration of native pelvic or limb alignment, anatomical reduction and rigid stability of articular fractures, and early postoperative mobilization. Multiple surgical approaches, reduction aids, and orthopaedic implants are available to stabilize these fractures. Despite best practices, complications including hardware failure, nonunions, malunions, and infections occur. This article discusses common fracture classification systems, implants, and imaging findings associated with unwanted complications in fractures of the pelvis, acetabulum, and femur.
Coping with speed
Authors: Rosendo Lucía Ruiz , Galván María Cecilia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article presents an experimental study that compares six expert and eleven novice interpreters in order to assess the effect of moderate and high delivery rates on the simultaneous interpreting of specialised discourse. The dependent variables were ear voice span (EVS) and target speech accuracy. The participants interpreted one medical speech from English into Spanish divided into three parts: the first and third parts were delivered at a moderate delivery rate and the second at a high delivery rate. Twelve segments were selected from the original speech and evaluated by five independent raters (two interpreters and three medical doctors) in terms of accuracy. The findings indicate that a high delivery rate has no significant impact on EVS, and no statistically significant differences were found between the EVS of the two groups of interpreters. The results also show that a high delivery rate has an impact on target speech accuracy in that both novices and experts perform better at a moderate delivery rate.
Introduction to tourism and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter introduces the reader to the basic background of information technology (IT), its development and evolution, and its status today. Aspects of computer hardware and software as well as the internet are described. The chapter also explains the characteristics of tourism that cause it to be so information-intensive. Some of the major applications of IT in tourism are summarized, and various typologies of tourism information are discussed. Issues relating to the strategic management of information and IT within an organization are also discussed.
The Internet and the tourist.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the Internet in more detail to understand its origins and functionality and the technologies and terminologies associated with its ubiquitous use. Intranets and extranets, which are special applications of the Internet used by tourism enterprises to enhance their communications, are also discussed. A detailed look at the World Wide Web, which is one of the most powerful uses of the Internet, is presented. The chapter then examines how travellers use Internet-based tools such as search engines to access information. Finally, concepts from communications, marketing and user experience design are applied to examine the elements of successful travel websites.
Mobilities and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter reviews how mobile technologies can be used by the travel industry to support travellers while they are on the move. It discusses how the broader impact of these technologies can be understood using a mobilities paradigm and reviews some of the key aspects of the mobile technologies ecosystem, including mobile devices, signals and sensors, and operating systems and apps. The final part of this chapter presents ten functions of mobile devices in tourism.
Aviation and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines how information technology (IT) is supporting the operations of airlines and airports. The airline reservation system (ARS) is at the core of most modern airline IT systems. ARSs interface with a range of decision support systems (DSS) and departure control systems (DCS) to ensure that reservations and passenger processing are handled efficiently. Most airlines also rely heavily on information systems to support marketing and customer relationship management. Once passengers are on board, a range of in-flight technologies are used to enhance the travel experience. Airports on the other hand utilize a range of IT applications in passenger processing, baggage and cargo handling, air traffic control, and even in the management of the environmental impacts of their operations.
Surface transport and information technology.
Authors: Benckendorff P. J. , Xiang Z. , Sheldon P. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

This chapter covers the use of information technology (IT) in surface transport modes including road (car rental, bus, taxi, and bicycle), rail (regular and metro or subway) and water (cruise ships and ferries). The chapter starts by introducing the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) since they provide a comprehensive framework for the application of IT to increase the efficiency of all land transport systems and are relevant to tourist usage in a destination. The chapter then goes on to discuss IT developments in automobiles, taxis and car rental organizations. Rail and metro uses of IT constitute the next section followed by water transport applications.
Structural studies on Ti–Cu alloy obtained by high-energy ball milling
Authors: Panek Joanna , Karolus Małgorzata 
Published: March 2019

Ti50Cu50 (at.-%) alloy has been produced from elemental Ti and Cu powders by high-energy ball milling in a planetary ball mill. Structural evolution of the alloy during milling and after subsequent heat treatment have been studied. It has been stated that high-energy ball milling of the investigated powder produces two nanocrystalline solid solutions: Cu(Ti) and Ti(Cu), both characterised by the fcc (Fm-3 m) structure. The transition of Ti structure from hcp (P63/mmc) to fcc (Fm-3 m) is observed during milling. Heat treatment of the milled powder leads to recrystallisation of Cu(Ti) and Ti(Cu) solid solutions. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on The Crystallographic Aspects of Metallic Alloys.