bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[F-18]FDG imaging of head and neck tumors: Comparison of hybrid PET, dedicated PET and CT
Authors: Schwenzer K. , Brinkbäumer K. , Schmid R. , Szeimies U. , Pöpperl G. , Hahn K. , Dresel S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate [F-18] FDG imaging of head and neck tumors using a Hybrid-PET device of the 2nd or 3rd generation. Examinations were compared to dedicated PET and Spiral-CT. Methods: 54 patients suffering from head and neck tumors were examined using dedicated PET and Hybrid-PET after injection of 185-350 MBq [F-18] FDG. Examinations were carried out on the dedicated PET first followed by a scan on the Hybrid-PET. Dedicated PET was acquired in 3D mode, Hybrid-PET was performed in list mode using an axial filter. Reconstruction of data was performed itera-tively on both, dedicated PET and Hybrid-PET. All patients received a CT scan in multislice technique. All finding have been verified by the goldstandard histology or in case of negative histology by follow up. Results: Using dedicated PET the primary or recurrent lesion was correctly diagnosed in 47/48 patients, using Hybrid-PET in 46/ 48 patients and using CT in 25/48 patients. Metastatic disease in cervical lymph nodes was diagnosed in 17/ 18 patients with dedicated PET, in 16/18 patients with Hybrid-PET and in 15/18 with CT. False positive results with regard to lymph node metastasis were seen with one patient for dedicated PET and Hybrid-PET, respectively, and with 18 patients for CT. In a total of 11 patients unknown metastastic lesions were seen with dedicated PET and with Hybrid-PET elsewhere in the body. Additional malignant disease other than the head and neck tumor was found in 4 patients. Conclusion: Using Hybrid-PET for [F-18] FDG imaging reveals a loss of sensitivity and specificity of about 1-5% as compared to dedicated PET in head and neck tumors. [F-18] FDG PET with both, dedicated PET and Hybrid-PET is superior to CT in the diagnosis of primary or recurrent lesions as well as in the assessment of lymph node involvement.
99mTc sestamibi scintimammography
Authors: Derebek E. , Balcı P. , Koçdor M. A. , Değgirmenci B. , Canda T. , Durak H. , Bekis R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Investigation of the diagnostic role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc sestamibi) scintimammography in non-palpable, suspicious breast lesions described as microcalcification, mass and increased density using mammography. Patients, method: 35 women with non-palpable breast lesions were enrolled in the study. Anterior, left and right lateral, ipsilateral posterior oblique images were obtained 15 min after the injection of 740 MBq of 99mTc sestamibi. All scintigraphic images were evaluated visually and focal increased 99mTc sestamibi uptake was accepted as malignant lesion. Breast lesions were classified as microcalcification (13 women), mammographic mass (16 women) and increased density (6 women). Excisional biopsy was performed in all of them irrespective of the scintigraphic results. Results: The focally increased 99mTc sestamibi uptake was seen in 11 breast lesions with malignant lesions and in 4 breast lesions with benign lesions. The diffuse uptake of 99mTc sestamibi was seen in 18 breast lesions with benign lesions and 2 breast lesions with malignant lesions. There was no false positive result of 99mTc sestamibi in microcalcification group and there was no false negative result of the mammographic mass and increased density groups. Conclusion: Scintimammography might be a complementary method in decision making for the non-palpable, suspicious breast lesions that were evaluated as microcalcification, mass and increased density mammograpically.
Non-Specific Tumor-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals–Report and Future Aspects
Authors: Anghileri L. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA review is made of some currently held views regarding the mechanism of uptake of non-specific tumor-seeking labelled compounds, with special reference to the role of cell membranes and the transfer mechanisms across such membranes. Results with various radiopharmaceuticals used in tumor scintigraphy are discussed and some suggestions are made for possibly profitable research to be done in that area.
The Developing Placenta in Selecting Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumour-Localizing Properties: A Simple In Vivo Pre-Screening Model
Authors: Vos C. M. , Herscheid J. D. M. , Hoekstra A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe tissue distribution of various radiopharmaceuticals was investigated in rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing and in pregnant rats during the period of rapid foetal and placental growth (days 17-19 of pregnancy). The preliminary results indicate that with the radiopharmaceuticals tested the uptake in placental tissue followed closely the data obtained with tumour tissue in rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing rats.
Electron-Affillic Compounds for Labelling Hypoxie Cells : The Synthesis and Characterization of 1-[2-(2-Iodophenoxy)-Ethyl]-2-Nitroimidazole
Authors: Jette Diane , chapman J. D. , Wiebe L. I. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHighly lipophilic and proteinbound derivatives of l-(2-phenoxyethyl)-2-nitroimidazole (PENI; RGW609), a known radiosensitizer, have been prepared by introducing one (IPENI) and two (DIPENI) iodine atoms into the phenyl ring via electrophilic substitution. The electron affinity of all 3 compounds, as determined by differential pulse polarography, was similar to that for MISO, a radiosensitizer which has undergone clinical trial, but P values were 2-3 orders of magnitude greater that for MISO and %PB values were as high as 30% in vitro compared to less than 1% for MISO. 131I-PENI was prepared by catalysed halogen exchange with Na131I in greater than 90% yield, and was found to be chemically and radiochemically stable in solution for at least 2 weeks. Whole-body studies in BDF/1 mice bearing EMT-6 tumors showed rapid hepatic extraction and biliary elimination with little or no accumulation in any other tissue including tumor and fat, indicating that P and %PB values had little impact on in vivo distribution and disposition. 131I-PENI was not measurably deiodinated in vivo. IPENI and DIPENI are radiosensitizers by inference only, that is, they have not been tested for radiosensitizer properties. However, PENI, the parent compound, has been shown to be active as a radiosensitizer, and the peak potentials (polarographic) for both IPENI and DIPENI fall near those of MISO, PENI and most other 2-nitroimidazole sensitizers. The low levels of concentration in target tissues achieved by 131I-PENI mitigate against its use as a diagnostic agent. Metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies, as well as an investigation of their radiosensitizing properties are required to determine whether IPENI or DIPENI have the potential to be used therapeutically.
Relation of Myocardial Blood Flow and Initial Cardiac Uptake of 15-(p-123I-Phenyl)-Pentadecanoic Acid in the Canine Heart
Authors: Schön S. , Knust E. J. , Machulla H.-J. , Eichelkraut W. , Hahn N. , Winkler C. , Reske S. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn 8 pentobarbital-anaesthetized mongrel dogs the correlation between regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and regional cardiac uptake of 15-(p-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) was determined. Three animals were studied under control conditions, in three dogs an acute ischemia was produced by LAD ligation, and two dogs were paced at 195 beats/min. RMBF values were 20–50 ml/min-100 g in acutely ischemic myocardium. 90–120 ml/ min·100 g under normal conditions and 200–250 ml/min·100 g during pacing-induced stimulation. Total cardiac uptake of IPPA was 4.5–6% of the injected dose. In normal and acutely ischemic myocardium a good correlation between RMBF and IPPA uptake was obtained. Under stimulated conditions only a moderate increase of IPPA accumulation was found. At RMBF values above 150–170 ml/ min·100 g an upper limit of IPPA uptake was observed and can be explained by limited diffusion or an increased utilization of alternative substrates.
Chronischer Stress und seine Bedeutung für Adipositas
Authors: Jung F. U. , Weinberger N.-A. , Bernard M. , Luck-Sikorski C. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungStress ist eine normale Reaktion auf unterschiedliche Belastungen und Reize. Er wird immer dann als Belastung erlebt, wenn die Anforderungen subjektiv die Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten des Individuums übersteigen. Die physiologische Wirkweise insbesondere chronischer Stressoren steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der auch bei einer Adipositaserkrankung bedeutsamen Regulation von Appetit und Energieaufnahme. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass die Abweichungen in der Kortisolausschüttung sowohl Ursache als auch Folge der Adipositas sind. Chronische Stressoren bei Adipositas sind vielfältig und beinhalten psychosoziale Folgen. So zeigt sich, dass Menschen mit Adipositas nicht nur mit Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung durch ihre Umwelt konfrontiert sind, sondern auch über innere Stressoren, wie ein negatives Körperbild verfügen können. Zusätzlich können auch die Lebensbedingungen, wie z.B. im Rahmen von niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status, als Form chronischen Stress betrachtet werden. Diese chronischen Stressoren stellen nicht nur auslösende, sondern auch aufrechterhaltende Bedingungen dar. Im Rahmen der individualisierten Behandlung von Adipositas sind diese daher zu beachten.
Das Fibromyalgiesyndrom als Störung der zentralen Schmerzverarbeitung
Authors: Burgmer M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungReferiert werden Ergebnisse der bildgebenden Neurowissenschaften in Bezug auf die zentralnervöse Schmerzverarbeitung beim Fibromyalgiesyndrom. Studien mittels verschiedener Untersuchungstechniken (fMRT, PET, SPECT, VBM, DTI) konnten Veränderungen in Gehirnarealen zeigen, die für die affektiv-emotionale Schmerzverarbeitung wichtig sind. Ob diese Auffälligkeiten ursächlich für die Entstehung des FMS bedeutsam sind oder lediglich Auswirkungen des chronischen Schmerzes auf das Gehirn, lässt sich zum heutigen Zeitpunkt nicht entscheiden. Angenommen werden kann aber eine Veränderung der kortikalen absteigenden Schmerzhemmung auf Rückenmarksebene als möglicher Faktor der Schmerzaugmentierung beim FMS.
Der multimorbide geriatrisch/osteologische Patient mit Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Wolf G. , Lehmann G. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungChronische Niereninsuffizienz und Osteoporose sind Erkrankungen mit zunehmender Prävalenz, hoher Morbidität, verminderter Lebensqualität und steigender Mortalität. Darüber hinaus führt eine chronische Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion zu Störungen des Mineral- und Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsels und damit zu Knochenerkrankungen, die von einer Osteoporose abzugrenzen sind. Im Beitrag werden die Besonderheiten in der Diagnostik und Therapie der metabolischen Osteopathie bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz zusammengefasst
Physikalische Medizin bei Osteoporose
Authors: Dischereit G. , Lange U. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer physikalischen Medizin kommt bei der Behandlung der Osteoporose eine essenzielle und komplementäre Rolle zu. Im Rahmen einer Schmerztherapie gilt es, mittels dosierter physikalischer Reize, eine akute definierbare Nozizeption zu eliminieren, andererseits chronische Schmerzzustände positiv zu beeinflussen. Methoden der physikalischen Therapie können regional-lokal sowie ganzheitlich appliziert werden und analgetische Maßnahmen signifikant unterstützen. Aufgrund der vielfältigen physikalischen Therapieoptionen ist, neben einer unabdingbaren differenzierten Aktualitätsdiagnostik, eine Umsetzung in den Behandlungsplan nach pathophysiologischen und regenerationsspezifischen Gesichtspunkten indiziert. Ferner kann mit Methoden der physikalischen Medizin, speziell Physiotherapie und Ganzkörper- Hyperthermie im Radonstollen, positiv auf den Knochen und den Knochenstoffwechsel eingewirkt werden. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, für den Praxisalltag bewährte und etablierte physikalische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei der Osteoporose darzulegen.
Scintigraphic Detection of Experimental Myocardial Infarction with 99mTc-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Authors: Novák J. , Mazurová Y. , Kubíček J. , Yižd’a J. , Kafka P. , Veverková O. , Duška F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAcute myocardial infarctions were produced by ligature of the left frontal descending coronary artery in 9 dogs. The possibility of scintigraphic imaging with 99mTc-DMSA 4 hrs after intravenous administration was studied. The infarctions were 4, 24 and 48 hrs old. The in vivo scan was positive in only one dog with a 4-hr old infarction. The in vivo scans were confirmed by the analysis of the radioactivity in tissue samples. The accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical increased slightly in 48-hr old lesions; however, this increase was not sufficient for a positive scintigraphic finding. Thus, we do not recommend 99mTc-DMSA for clinical use in acute lesions.
Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Thromboszintigraphie
Authors: Kampmann H. , Sinn H. , Nuri M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird über tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zum szintigraphischen Nachweis von Thrombosen berichtet. Die Untersuchungen werden an Kaninchen durchgeführt, bei denen experimentell nach der Methode von Gottlob und May in den Hinterläufen Thromben erzeugt werden. Für die Thrombusmarkierung werden das 131J- und 113mIn-Fibrinogen benutzt. Die Aktivitätsverteilung wird in vivo mit der Szintillationskamera in Verbindung mit einem Computer gemessen. Es zeigt sich, daß mit radioaktiv markiertem Fibrinogen Thromben szintigraphisch dargestellt werden können. Beim Kaninchen ist dies in der Regel etwa bis 48 Stunden nach Thromboseerzeugung möglich. Unter szintigraphischen Aspekten sind das jodmarkierte und indiummarkierte Fibrinogen als gleichwertig anzusehen. Um den klinischen Wert der Thromboszintigraphie als Screening-Methode für die Früherkennung von Thrombosen abschätzen zu können, sollte die Thromboszinti-graphie auch beim Menschen angewandt werden.
Die Optimierung der Elutionsbedingungen von 113mIndiumgeneratoren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des 113Sn-Durchbruchs
Authors: Ogris E. , Hawliczek F. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wurden die Elutionsbedingungen für 113mIndiumgeneratoren mit Zirkonoxyd-Generatorsäule und Silicagel-Generatorsäule untersucht und gefunden, daß sich die beiden Generatortypen nicht identisch verhalten. Die optimalen Elutionsbedingungen werden aufgezeigt. Auch in bezug auf den Zinndurchbruch verhalten sich die Generatoren etwas verschieden, doch liegt er in beiden Fällen unter 10-4 und stellt kein Strahlenrisiko für den Patienten dar. Alterserscheinungen wurden ebenfalls untersucht, haben aber auf die eluierbare Indiumaktivität und den Zinndurchbruch keinen wesentlichen Einfluß.
Measurements of the Radioactive Iodide and Pertechnetate Uptake for the Study of the Trapping and Binding Functions of the Human Thyroid
Authors: Sfontouris J. , Pandos P. G. , Chryssikou M. , Gatsios D. M. , Malamos B. , Koutras D. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe uptake of 131I and 99mTc by the thyroid, 5, 30 and 60 min after i.v. administration was measured in 18 normal persons, 45 patients with simple goitre and 39 patients with Graves disease. The 5 min 99mTc uptake was higher than the 131I ohne, but at 30 min and at 60 min the 131I uptake was usually higher than that of the 99mTc. There was a considerable overlap of all these parameters especiallv between Graves disease and simple goitre, but a better diagnostic separation of the thyrotoxic patients was achieved by the 60 min 131I uptake than by the other measurements. The ratio of the 131I/99mTc uptakes was higher in the thyrotoxics than in the patients with simple goitre. This difference at 30 and 60 min was statistically significant even if only the goitrous patients with a high 99mTc uptake were considered. Since 131I is bound organically in the thyroid to a much greater degree than 99mTc, these findings suggest that in many cases of non-toxic goitre, although the trapping function may be increased as much as in thyrotoxicosis, the binding capacity of the gland is not proportionally increased. This hypothesis was also supported by the fact that following administration of Carbimazole, a drug which inhibits organic binding, the 30 and 60 min 131I uptake and the 131I/99mTc ratio were reduced in the patients with Graves disease, but there was no significant effect on those with simple goitre. This supports the conclusion that the thyroidal organic binding of iodide may be impaired in some patients with simple goitre. It is also concluded that early 99mTc uptake measurements have not a greater diagnostic value than the conventional 131I tests, and so their use as a routine procedure is not recommended.
Kameraszintigraphische Untersuchungen an urologischen Patienten
Authors: Bekier A. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungNach einer kurzen Beschreibung der modifizierten Untersuchungstechnik der Nieren mit Hilfe der Szintillationskamera, werden die methodischen AussageBckier, möglichkeiten dieser Prüfung an einem Modellversuch demonstriert. Die Hauptindikationen für die renale Sequenzszintigraphie sind nach Ansicht des Autors: die Suche nach der renovaskulären Hypertonie, die präoperative Abklärung der sog. symptomatischen Senkniere und Verlaufskontrollen bei einer chronischen Pyelonephritis.
Die Markierung von Erythrozyten mit radioaktiven Indiumisotopen
Authors: Sinn H. , Georgi P. , Clorius J. , Maier - Borst W. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Methode zur Markierung von Erythrozyten mit radioaktiven Indiumisotopen beschrieben. Die In-vitro-Markierung erfolgt unter Zusatz von in Trispuffer gelöstem Azetylazeton. Die Markierungsausbeute und die Stabilität der Markierung sind mit den Werten, die mit 51Cr erzielt werden, voll vergleichbar. Die Auswahl unter verschiedenen radioaktiven Indiumisotopen erlaubt die Anpassung der nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungen an die jeweilige Frage Stellung, die mit einer Erythrozyten-Markierung verbunden sind: Bestimmung des Erythrozytenvolumens, Nachweis eines enteralen Blutverlustes sowie die szintigrafische Darstellung des Blutpools und der Milz. Der Ersatz von 51Cr durch die verschiedenen Indium-Isotope bringt eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Dosisverminderung für den Patienten mit sich.
A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Conte L. , Mombelli L. , Vanoli A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.
On the Stability of a Tin-Phytate Complex
Authors: Sewatkar A. B. , Noronha O. P. D. , Ganatra R. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe stability of tin-phytate solution stored at room temperature has been studied. It was found that there is a pronounced increase in the rate of degradation of this complex, both temperature and phase change contributing to the enhanced rate of decomposition. The kidney uptake which is occasionally observed clinically with an aged tin-phytate complex labelled with 99mTc is probably due to an intermediate product which subsequently breaks down on further storage. Lyophilized tin-phytate complex ‘kits’ have a longer shelf life than the aqueous complex.
What is the best pre-therapeutic dosimetry for successful radioiodine therapy of multifocal autonomy?
Authors: Rubner C. , Bauhofer A. , Berce F. , Oyen W. J. G. , Goecke J. , Pfestroff A. , Corstens F. H. , Béhé M. , Behr T. M. , Gotthardt M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:Purpose: Dose calculation for radioiodine therapy (RIT) of multifocal autonomies (MFA) is a problem as therapeutic outcome may be worse than in other kinds of autonomies. We compared different dosimetric concepts in our patients. Patients, methods: Data from 187 patients who had undergone RIT for MFA (Marinelli algorithm, volumetric compromise) were included in the study. For calculation, either a standard or a measured half-life had been used and the dosimetric compromise (150 Gy, total thyroid volume). Therapeutic activities were calculated by 2 alternative concepts and compared to therapeutic success achieved (concept of TcTUs-based calculation of autonomous volume with 300 Gy and TcTUs-based adaptation of target dose on total thyroid volume). Results: If a standard half-life is used, therapeutic success was achieved in 90.2%(hypothyroidism 23,1%, n=143). If a measured half-life was used the success rate was 93.1% (13,6% hypothyroidism, n=44). These differences were statistically not significant, neither for all patients together nor for subgroups eu-, hypo-, or hyperthyroid after therapy (ANOVA, all p>0.05). The alternative dosimetric concepts would have resulted either in significantly lower organ doses (TcTUs-based calculation of autonomous volume; 80.76±80.6 Gy versus 125.6±46.3 Gy; p<0.0001) or in systematic over-treatment with significantly higher doses (TcTUs-adapted concept; 164.2±101.7 Gy versus 125.6±46.3 Gy; p=0.0097). Conclusions: TcTUsbased determination of the autonomous volume should not be performed, the TcTUs-based adaptation of the target dose will only increase the rate of hypothyroidism. A standard half-life may be used in pre-therapeutic dosimetry for RIT of MFA. If so, individual therapeutic activities may be calculated based on thyroid size corrected to the 24h ITUs without using Marinelli’s algorithm.
Kinetics and dosimetry of MAb-170: Evaluation of possibilities for intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Holländer M. , Schmidt W. , Kirsch C.-M. , Alexander Ch. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe monoclonal antibody MAb-170 is directed against adenocarcinomas of different origin. Recent experience in radioimmunoscintigraphy revealed a positive uptake of this MAb in peritoneal metastases of ovarian carcinoma (FIGO lll/IV). Aim: The present investigation should clarify the question whether this antibody could be of use in an adjuvant intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in patients with minimal residual disease after first-look surgery. Methods: Four patients underwent intraperitoneal application of Tc-99m MAb-170. Subsequent quantitative whole-body scintigraphy, serum and urine sampling were performed for a 48 h period. In one case tumour tissue specimen were sampled during the first surgical procedure 15 h p.L Results: The quantitative evaluation revealed no relevant accumulation in liver, spleen and bone marrow never exceeding 5 % of the whole-body activity. The critical organs are the kidneys that showed 8 to 11 % uptake at 24 h pi. The effective serum curve had a maximum at 24 h pi, the second phase gave a elimination half-time of 53 h. Assuming the worst case, the mean dose to red bone marrow was 0.3 Gy/370 MBq injected dose (ID). Conclusion: These results confirm that a RIT with Re-186 MAb-170 is feasible with activities of up to 3.7 GBq. A kit for labelling MAb-170 with Perrhenate is under investigation.