bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common causes of emergency department visits for anaphylaxis in Korean community hospitals
Authors: Cho Hyunseok , Kim Dohyun , Choo Youngkwang , Park Jungseok , Choi Jangwon , Jang Dongwhan , Kim Taekwon , Jeong Jae Won , Kwon Jae-Woo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Anaphylaxis can cause death and requires immediate management. For prevention and education programs for anaphylaxis, it is important to be aware of the common triggering factors. We investigated the triggers of anaphylaxis in the emergency departments (EDs) of community hospitals in Korea.
Patients who visited the EDs of 7 community hospitals for anaphylaxis from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016 were enrolled. Anaphylaxis was defined according to the World Allergy Organization criteria and identified via a thorough review of the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with anaphylaxis (ICD-10 codes: T780, T782, T805, and T886) at the ED or administered epinephrine in the ED. Triggers of anaphylaxis were also evaluated by a review of the medical records.
We identified 1021 ED visits for anaphylaxis. The incidence of anaphylaxis ED visits was 0.08%. The triggers of ED visits for anaphylaxis were bee venom (55.0%), foods (21.3%), and drugs (13.2%); 9.6% of cases were idiopathic. However, food was the most common trigger among the patients aged <20 years old. The frequency of ED visits for anaphylaxis was highest in summer (47.9%), followed by autumn (28.2%), spring (12.3%), and winter (11.6%). The incidence of anaphylaxis ED visits was highest in August, during which bee venom was the trigger for 80% of anaphylaxis cases. For the 55 patients with repeat ED visits for anaphylaxis, Bee venom was also the most common trigger.
The number of ED visits for anaphylaxis showed marked seasonal variation, peaking in summer. Bee venom was the most common trigger for adults and the main reason for seasonal variations of anaphylaxis ED visits in Korean community hospitals.
Effects of acupuncture on patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shao Shujun , Tang Yinshan , Guo Yu , Tian Zhaoyang , Xiang Dulian , Wu Jihong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, accompanied with nonreversible cognitive impairments. Acupuncture, as the traditional Chinese technique, is widely applied in clinical trials for AD. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the aspect of antidementia.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to acupuncture treatment targeting AD will be collected. We will search the following 4 databases of electronic English resources, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and 4 Chinese databases, namely CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang database. All the RCTs will be searched from their inception to November 2018. After screening the studies, a meta-analysis of RCTs will be carried out. Subsequently, the assessment of bias risk, data synthesis, subgroup analysis will be conducted using RevMan V.5.3.5 software if the setting condition is met.

Results:
This systematic view and meta-analysis will assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture intervention on AD patients, which is fundamentally based on current published evidence, and provide a high-quality synthesis for clinical practitioners of treating AD with acupuncture,

Conclusion:
The summary of our systematic view will determine whether acupuncture intervention could be an efficient and feasible approach to the treatment of AD patients.
Isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a heterogeneous phenotype comprised of overlapping MIC distributions with different underlying resistance mechanisms
Authors: Ghodousi Arash , Tagliani Elisa , Karunaratne Eranga , Niemann Stefan , Perera Jennifer , Köser Claudio U. , Cirillo Daniela Maria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMIC testing using the BACTEC 960 MGIT system of 70 phylogenetically diverse, isoniazid-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed a complex pattern of overlapping MIC distributions. Whole-genome sequencing could explain most of the level of resistance observed. The MIC distribution of strains with only inhA promoter mutations was split by the current concentration that is endorsed by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute to detect low-level resistance to isoniazid and is therefore likely not optimally set.
Moraxellaceae and Moraxella interact with the altered airway mycobiome in asthma
Authors: Liu Hai-yue , Li Chun-xi , Liang Zhen-yu , Zhang Shi-yu , Yang Wan-ying , Ye Yan-mei , Lin Yan-xia , Chen Rong-chang , Zhou Hong-wei , Su Jin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAirway microbial-microbial interaction plays an important role in chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Moraxella is widely regarded as a human respiratory tract pathogen. We aimed to investigate the interactions among Moraxella, Moraxellaceae (to which Moraxella belongs) and the airway microbiome in asthma. Induced sputum samples were obtained from 116 asthma patients and 29 healthy individuals, and the bacterial/fungal communities were profiled using 16S rRNA and ITS1 DNA gene sequencing. We found that asthma patients harboured significantly greater airway bacterial and fungal α-diversity than that of healthy individuals. Moraxellaceae, Moraxella and Moraxella otu19 (bacteria), and Schizophyllaceae, Polyporaceae, Aspergillus, Schizophyllum and Candida (fungi) were increased in the airway of asthma. Moreover, Moraxellaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Polyporaceae and Candida were positively associated with airway fungal α-diversity. Correlation networks revealed Moraxellaceae and Moraxella as microbial “hubs” in asthma that had significant negative connections with multiple bacterial communities, such as Leptotrichiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotella, Veillonella, Rothia and Leptotrichia, but positive interactions with fungal communities such as Schizophyllaceae, Polyporaceae, Candida and Meyerozyma. Together, our finding revealed an altered microbiome and complex microbial-microbial interactions in the airway of asthma. Moraxellaceae and Moraxella showed significant interactions with the airway mycobiome, providing potential insights into the novel pathogenic mechanisms of asthma.IMPORTANCEWith the advent of culture-independent techniques, growing evidence suggests that the airway microbiome is closely correlated with chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. The complex microbial-microbial interaction exists in the airways of both healthy individuals and patients with respiratory diseases, which is of great significance for the pathogenesis and disease progression of asthma. In this study, we evaluated the airway dysbiosis in asthma patients, described the interaction between Moraxellaceae, Moraxella and airway bacterial/fungal communities, and it contributes to further understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma.
Structural Insights into GluK3-kainate Receptor Desensitization and Recovery
Authors: Kumari Jyoti , Vinnakota Rajesh , Kumar Janesh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGluK3-kainate receptors are atypical members of the iGluR family that reside at both the pre- and postsynapse and play key role in regulation of synaptic transmission. For better understanding of structural changes that underlie receptor recovery from desensitized state, GluK3 receptors were trapped in desensitized and resting/closed states and structures analyzed using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. We show that receptor recovery from desensitization requires major rearrangements of the ligand binding domains (LBD) while the amino terminal (ATD) and transmembrane domains remain virtually unaltered. While, the desensitized GluK3 has domain organization as seen earlier for another kainate receptor-GluK2, antagonist bound GluK3 trapped a partially “recovered” state with only two LBD domains in dimeric arrangement necessary for receptor activation. Using these structures as guide, we show that the N-linked glycans at the interface of GluK3 ATD and LBD likely mediate inter-domain interactions and attune receptor-gating properties. Mutational analysis also identifies putative N-glycan interacting residues. These results provide a molecular framework for understanding gating properties unique to GluK3 and identify role of N-linked glycosylation in their modulation.
The transferability of lipid loci across African, Asian and European cohorts
Authors: Telkar Nikita , Reiker Theresa , Walters Robin G. , Lin Kuang , Eriksson Anders , Gurdasani Deepti , Gilly Arthur , Southam Lorraine , Tsafantakis Emmanouil , Karaleftheri Maria , Seeley Janet , Kamali Anatoli , Asiki Gershim , Millwood Iona Y. , Holmes Michael , Du Huaidong , Guo Yu ,   Understanding Society Scientific Group, Kumari Meena , Dedoussis George , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Sandhu Manjinder S. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Kuchenbaecker Karoline 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe majority of genetic studies for cardiometabolic traits were based on samples with European ancestry. Our aim was to assess whether genetic variants associated with blood lipids, a major risk factor for CVD, are shared across different populations.We compared genetic associations with lipids between samples from Uganda (N=6,407), China (N=21,295), Japan (N=162,255), the UK (N=9,961) and Greece (N=3,586). Using simulations, we established trans-ethnic colocalization as a method to distinguish shared from population-specific trait loci.Genetic correlations for HDL, LDL and triglycerides between European ancestry and Asian cohorts were close to 1. A polygenic score based on established LDL-cholesterol-associated loci from European discovery samples had consistent effects on serum levels in samples from the UK, Uganda and Greek population isolates (r=0.23 to 0.28, p<1.9x10−14). Overall, ~75% of the major lipid loci from European discovery studies displayed evidence of replication at p<10−3, except triglyceride loci in the Ugandan samples of which only 10% replicated. Specific replicating loci were identified using trans-ethnic colocalization. Ten of the fourteen lipid loci that did not replicate in the Ugandan population had pleiotropic associations with BMI in European ancestry samples while none of the replicating loci did. While lipid associations were highly consistent across European and Asian populations, there was a lack of replication particularly for established triglyceride loci in the Ugandan population. These loci might affect lipids by modifying food intake or metabolism in an environment offering diets rich in certain nutrients. This suggests that gene-environment interactions could play an important role for the transferability of complex trait loci.
Cortical tethering of mitochondria by the dynein anchor Mcp5 enables uniparental mitochondrial inheritance during fission yeast meiosis
Authors: Mehta Kritika , Ananthanarayanan Vaishnavi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDuring sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, processes such as active degradation and dilution of paternal mitochondria ensure maternal mitochondrial inheritance. In the isogamous organism fission yeast, we employed high-resolution fluorescence microscopy to visualize mitochondrial inheritance during meiosis by differentially labeling mitochondria of the two parental cells. Remarkably, mitochondria, and thereby, mitochondrial DNA from the parental cells did not mix upon zygote formation, but remained segregated at the poles by attaching to clusters of the dynein anchor Mcp5 via its coiled-coil domain. We observed that this tethering of parental mitochondria to the poles results in uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, wherein two of the four spores formed subsequently contained mitochondria from one parent and the other spores, mitochondria from the other parent. Further, the presence of dynein on an Mcp5 cluster precluded the attachment of mitochondria to the same cluster. Taken together, we reveal a distinct mechanism that achieves uniparental inheritance by segregation of parental mitochondria.
The external affairs of the Hong Kong SAR: UK-Hong Kong economic relations
Authors: Summers Tim 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine economic relations between Hong Kong and the UK, especially since 2012, in order to shed light on the management of Hong Kong’s external relations.

Design/methodology/approach
The context for the research is discussion of “grey areas” between Hong Kong’s external relations and foreign affairs. Research is based on textual analysis of British and some Hong Kong policy documents, government statements and media reports, as well as personal discussions with many involved in UK-Hong Kong ties.

Findings
The paper finds that the UK-Hong Kong economic relationship is managed autonomously, demonstrating Hong Kong’s external economic affairs and bilateral exchanges being practised with a high degree of autonomy. It also shows the importance that the British government attaches to its economic relationship with Hong Kong in its own right, and the likely increase in that importance as Brexit unfolds.

Originality/value
The paper engages in detailed analysis of economic relations between the UK and Hong Kong, in contrast to most post-1997 studies which have focused on Hong Kong’s ties with the USA or European Union.
The problematic chemsex journey: a resource for prevention and harm reduction
Authors: Platteau Tom , Pebody Roger , Dunbar Nia , Lebacq Tim , Collins Ben 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Chemsex is a phenomenon that has gained increasing attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to differentiate chemsex from other sexualized substance use, and clarify differences between recreational and problematic chemsex use. Despite plentiful publications, little has been published on underlying determinants that predispose individuals to chemsex, and their process toward problematic chemsex use.

Design/methodology/approach
During the second European Chemsex Forum, people who engage in chemsex, community organizers, researchers, clinicians, therapists, social workers and (peer) counselors discussed potential pathways to problematic chemsex. In this manuscript, we translate findings from these discussions into a framework to understand the initiation and process toward problematic chemsex.

Findings
Six stages (loneliness and emptiness, search for connection, sexual connection, chemsex connection, problematic chemsex and severe health impact) and a set of factors facilitating the transition from one stage to the next have been identified.

Originality/value
It is hoped that this “Journey towards problematic chemsex use” will stimulate reflection and debate, with the ultimate goal of improving prevention and care for people engaging in chemsex.
Obtaining laboratory accreditation – required activities
Authors: Macchi Silva Vítor Vasata , Ribeiro José Luis Duarte 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the activities needed to meet specified requirements to assist laboratory staff running tests and calibrations and to obtain ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation.

Design/methodology/approach
The relevant literature that contributes to establishing activities that help laboratory staff to obtain ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation was studied. Laboratory researchers specializing in electro-medical equipment quality control were questioned about the criteria to be observed when selecting, developing and validating analytical steps.

Findings
Results revealed the analytical method criteria to be observed, which demonstrated their essentially quantitative nature.

Originality/value
This study presents a model that improves selecting, developing and validating analytical steps and contributes to producing reliable test and calibration results. These improvements can help laboratory testing and calibration to meet clients’ needs, satisfy specified requirements and provide reliable results.
Functions of peer mentoring, satisfaction and the “real” relationship in postgraduate psychology education
Authors: Quinlan Elly , Crowe Trevor , Deane Frank P. , Whittington Meredith 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how a peer mentoring relationship may support provisional psychologists engaged in postgraduate education in Australia. The theoretical lens for this study draws from the real relationship framework and significant events literature.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative and qualitative data were obtained via a web survey from a sample of 23 mentors and 41 mentees. Participants had engaged in a one-year peer mentoring program on a volunteer basis. The survey contained measures of functions of mentoring, perceived genuineness and realism in the relationship, and overall satisfaction with peer mentoring. Participants also provided accounts of helpful events, hindering events and open feedback.FindingsPerceived satisfaction was significantly correlated with greater genuineness and realism in the relationship. Satisfaction was associated with psychosocial and clinical functions of mentoring for both mentors and mentees, and career functions for mentees only. Qualitative findings indicated that the most helpful events included psychosocial support, mutual understanding and skill development. The most frequent hindering events were logistics/time, lack of structure and mentor technique/activity.Practical implicationsPeer mentors show great promise for supporting provisional psychologists. Recommendations for higher education providers include providing peer mentors with guidance regarding the importance of psychosocial support, clinical skill development and creating genuine and real relationships. Peer mentor training would also benefit from the inclusion of career development strategies and psychoeducation on transference.Originality/valueThis study is the first to apply the real relationship framework and significant events analysis to the psychology peer mentoring context.
Examining pre-post results
Authors: Waite Roberta , Mensinger Janell , Wojciechowicz Christine , Colistra Angela , Gambescia Stephen 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine changes in scores from the Kouzes and Posner Student Leadership Practices Inventory of undergraduate students in the health professions who were engaged in a nine-month leadership program. The authors also assessed changes in scores on the same inventory for several observers who rated the students’ leadership competence and examined differences between the students’ self-assessment on leadership practices and those of their observers.

Design/methodology/approach
A pre-post survey design using repeated measures factorial ANOVA, Pearson correlations and paired t-tests was used to investigate the data. An α level of 0.05 was used.

Findings
Statistically significant changes were found in the pre- to post-surveys of students on three of the five subscales but only one of the five subscales for observers. Students’ and observers’ ratings were largely uncorrelated, with the exception of Encouraging the Heart ratings at post-program.

Research limitations/implications
Participants were recruited from one setting at a private university in the USA and the sample size was small. A control group was not available to offer a comparison for the outcomes of the leadership program and only quantitative data were assessed.

Originality/value
Data capturing undergraduate leadership practices on students in the health professions using a validated tool bring value to better understanding strategies that university faculty can use to improve students’ leadership skills.
Variation in plant functional traits is best explained by the species identity: Stability of trait‐based species ranking across meadow management regimes
Authors: Mudrák Ondřej , Doležal Jiří , Vítová Alena , Lepš Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

It is commonly assumed in trait‐based studies that plant functional traits are species‐specific, being more variable among species than among different environmental conditions. If the environment affects traits, it is assumed that species react in a similar direction and conserve the functional distances. The rank of species based on the trait values is then unchanged, which justifies the use of species trait averages from database values. Such assumptions of species specificity are, however, increasingly disputed by studies showing overall high intraspecific trait variability.

To test the species specificity and ranking stability of functional traits, we sampled plant individuals of almost all species (66 in total) within each plot of a long‐term (19 years) land use management experiment, which comprised a factorial combination of fertilization, mowing and removal of the dominant species Molinia caerulea in an oligotrophic wet meadow in the Czech Republic. Plant individuals were measured for eight commonly used traits: height, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf δ13C content, leaf carbon content, leaf δ15N content and leaf nitrogen content. Height, LDMC and SLA were also extracted from the LEDA trait database for comparison.

Species identity consistently explained the largest portion of trait variability (40%‐68%). Land use managements had a considerably lower effect (0.4%–9% of explained trait variability for individual traits). The species trait averages computed for each land use management regime separately were mutually correlated, showing the stable trait‐based species ranking. Ranking stability of species trait averages was observed despite land use management changing absolute trait values and despite the tremendous intraspecific trait variability (causing substantial overlap of trait values for different species). For all treatments, our measured species averages for LDMC and SLA were also stably ranked with species averages from the LEDA database.

Synthesis. Our results showed that species conserve the functional distances in different environmental conditions from where they were measured. Species trait averages can describe general trends in functional composition, although averaging reduces the ecologically interesting information of the intraspecific trait variability.

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