bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overranging and overbeaming measurement in area detector computed tomography: A method for simultaneous measurement in volume helical acquisition
Authors: Urikura Atsushi , Hara Takanori , Yoshida Tsukasa , Nishimaru Eiji , Hoshino Takashi , Nakaya Yoshihiro , Endo Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeWe propose a novel method to assess overbeaming and overranging, as well as the effect of reducing longitudinal exposure range, by using a dynamic z‐collimator in area detector computed tomography.Methods and materialsA 500‐mm diameter cylindrical imaging plate was exposed by helical scanning in a dark room. The beam collimation of the helical acquisitions was set at 32 and 80 mm. Overbeaming and overranging with the dynamic z‐collimator were measured.ResultsThe actual beam widths were approximately 39 and 88 mm at 32 and 80 mm collimation, respectively, and were relatively reduced owing to increased beam collimation. Overranging was 27.0 and 48.2 mm with a pitch of 0.83 and 1.49 at 32 mm collimation and 72.5 and 83.1 mm with a pitch of 0.87 and 0.99 at 80 mm collimation. The dynamic z‐collimator relatively reduced the overranging by 17.3% and 17.1% for the 32 and 80 mm collimation, respectively.ConclusionWe devised a method to simultaneously measure overbeaming and overranging with only one helical acquisition. Although the dynamic z‐collimator reduced the overranging by approximately 17%, wider collimation widths and higher pitch settings would increase the exposure dose outside the scan range.
Sustainable and Self‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescent Ternary Suprastructures Derived from CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Lingling , Zhang Ziyi , Chen Ying , Xu Qin , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Chen Zixuan , Chen Yun , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanoemitters due to their fascinating photophysical properties. However, due to their poor structural stability against the external environment, the trade‐off between their colloidal stability and carrier injection/transport efficiency is a major challenge in the advancement of perovskite‐based ECL technology. In this work, intense and stable ECL from CsPbBr3 (CPB) QDs is achieved by simultaneously encapsulating CPB QDs and coreactant (CoR) into in situ generated SiO2 matrix via hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate. The well‐designed architecture of the as‐obtained CPB‐CoR@SiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) guarantees not only greatly improved stability thanks to the peripheral SiO2 protecting matrix, but also efficient self‐enhanced ECL between CPB and the intra‐coreactants. Consequently, by elaborately selecting the CoR molecules with different tertiary/secondary amines and functional groups, multifold higher (up to 10.2 times) ECL efficiencies are obtained for the CPB‐CoR@SiO2 NCs alone in reference to the standard Ru(bpy)32+/tri‐n‐propylamine system. This work provides an efficient design strategy for obtaining stable and highly efficient ECL from perovskite QDs, and offers a new perspective for the development and application of perovskite‐based ECL system.
Kinetics Enhanced Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Hollow Carbon Spheres Boosting Advanced Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Qiu Daping , Guan Jingyu , Li Min , Kang Cuihua , Wei Jinying , Li Yan , Xie Zhenyu , Wang Feng , Yang Ru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPotassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) shrewdly combine a battery‐type anode and a capacitor‐type cathode, exhibiting an energy density close to that of potassium ion batteries and a comparable power density of supercapacitors. However, the rosy scenario is compromised by the sluggish kinetics in the PIHCs device. Herein, the kinetics enhanced nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous hollow carbon spheres (NHCS) are synthesized and successfully applied to PIHCs. As for the K half‐cell, NHCS anchored with sodium alginate delivers excellent electrochemical performance. Further evaluation shows that the binder can significantly affect the potassium storage performance of NHCS by adjusting the coatability and ionic conductivity of the NHCS anode. Moreover, kinetic analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal the origin of the superior electrochemical properties of NHCS. As expected, an advanced PIHC device is assembled with a NHCS anode and an activated NHCS cathode, demonstrating an exceptionally high energy/power density (114.2 Wh kg−1 and 8203 W kg−1), along with a long‐life capability. The successful construction of high‐performance PIHCs in this work opens a new avenue for the development and application of PIHCs in the future.
Modeling of Negative Capacitance in Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Park Hyeon Woo , Roh Jangho , Lee Yong Bin , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe negative capacitance (NC) effect in ferroelectric thin films has attracted a great deal of attention from the material and semiconductor device communities because it could be a possible solution to the impending problems related to field‐effect transistor power consumption and dynamic random‐access memory charge loss. A short discussion on the fundamental premise of the NC effect is presented. A phase‐field model based on the time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) formalism in conjunction with the Chensky–Tarasenko (C–T) formalism for multidomain configuration is then developed to reveal the subtle correlation between the domain wall motion and NC effect for different thicknesses of ferroelectric and dielectric films. When a ferroelectric film becomes thin enough, a stripe domain structure can be achieved through competition between the electrostatic energy and domain wall energy. This stripe domain structure is quite resilient to transition to a homogeneous polarization state, making it very useful for (quasi‐)static NC operation. Finally, the physical implications of the numerical results are explored with analytical modeling. It is identified that the domain wall motion in the stripe domain structure remains dominated by the external field, even when the entire film is in the (quasi‐)static NC state.
Polymer‐Assisted Deposition of Al‐Doped HfO2 Thin Film with Excellent Dielectric Properties
Authors: Park Gyeongbae , Yang Heeseung , Lee Ju Hyun , Lee Gilwoon , Kwak Junghyeok , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDemands for high‐k dielectric materials increase as transistors scale down. One of the promising high‐k dielectric materials is HfO2 owing to its large band gap, high dielectric constant, and excellent physical/chemical stability. Although several cost‐effective solution‐based deposition methods have been developed, their dielectric performances are inferior to those obtained by vacuum processes (e.g., atomic layer deposition, sputtering). This study demonstrates a solution‐based polymer‐assisted deposition (PAD) of high‐k Al‐doped HfO2 thin films exhibiting remarkable dielectric performances comparable to the conventional deposition methods. The PAD ensures the control of film thickness (≥3 nm) and the homogenous Al doping in the entire thin film. The key to the success is HCl‐mediated coordination of metal precursor and polymer. Thorough analysis on the structure and chemical composition of the dielectric layer is carried out. It is found that the phase transition from monoclinic phase to a mixture of tetragonal and amorphous phases results in excellent dielectric properties. The 7.8 nm thick thin film doped with 4.1 at% of Al exhibits a high dielectric constant of 30.2 with a high areal capacitance (674 nF cm−2 at 1.0 kHz), a low leakage current (3.3 × 10−9 A cm−2 at 2.0 MV cm−1), and a high breakdown voltage (7.7 V).
Novel Strategy for Constructing High Efficiency OLED Emitters with Excited State Quinone‐Conformation Induced Planarization Process
Authors: Wu Haozhong , Pan Yuyu , Zeng Jiajie , Du Lili , Luo Wenwen , Zhang Han , Xue Kaiqi , Chen Ping , Phillips David Lee , Wang Zhiming , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the common intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emission, planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PLICT) based materials usually possess higher proportion radiative decay for their flat and rigid conformation in excited states. Herein, a strategy for designing PLICT‐based emitters by the excited state quinone‐conformation induced planarization is proposed. By virtue of RIR mechanism on TPP (tetraphenylpyrazinyl) unit, the newcomers named as TPP‐PPI (1‐phenyl‐2‐(4′‐(3,5,6‐triphenylpyrazin‐2‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d] imidazole) and TPP‐PI (1‐phenyl‐2‐(4‐(3,5,6‐triphenylpyrazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole) exhibit aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. TPP‐PPI and TPP‐PI have obvious PLICT properties via series of spectral measurements. Employing theoretical calculation in ground and excited states in different solvents, their PLICT process is confirmed further, and TPP's contribution on PLICT formation becomes clear. In non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes, these two emitters with AIE and PLICT characteristic exhibit good performance with external quantum efficiency (4.85% and 4.36%) as blue emitters.
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials: a Close Look at Charge‐Carrier Transport
Authors: Kužel Petr , Němec Hynek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTerahertz spectroscopy has been used for almost two decades for investigations of nanomaterials, including nanocrystals, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes or 2D crystals. Its great importance stems from the fact that it is a noncontact method and, owing to its high frequency and broadband character, it is capable of characterizing charge transport properties within individual nano‐objects but also among them. In addition, probing of photoinitiated ultrafast charge dynamics is possible thanks to the sub‐picosecond time resolution. Despite this unprecedented potential, the interpretation of the measured terahertz conductivity spectra in many materials is still intensively debated. Herein is presented a review of the experiments performed on nanostructures of conventional semiconductors and on carbon nanomaterials (graphene and carbon nanotubes) during the past decade. The state of the art of the theoretical formalism is provided and discussed, including the intrinsic response, as well as the role of inherent heterogeneity and of the experimental conditions.
Hyperbranched Fractal Nanocarbons for Bright Photoluminescence in Solid State
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ling , Liu Bin , Yang Jia‐Liang , Cao Xiao‐Han , Yang Yong‐Zhen , Yang Qing , Greiner Andreas , Xu Jun‐Ting , Zhang Xing‐Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNanocarbons with diverse structures have great potential applications in biomedicine, energy conversion, and catalysis owing to their unique photoelectric properties. This work describes bottom‐up synthesis of hyperbranched fractal nanocarbons (HFNs), using trimethylolpropane tri(cyclic carbonate) ether and ethylenediamine as the precursors. HFNs are formed by self‐assembly of in situ generated carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), driven by their low surface ζ‐potentials. Of significance, both CPDs and HFNs possess graphitized carbon core and functionalized shell with core edge layer, thus emit bright solid‐state luminescence with an absolute quantum yield of 11.7% at room temperature and strong phosphorescence at 77 K. The carbonyl cluster of these nanocarbons is mainly responsible for the strong photoluminescence emission. The application of HFNs is demonstrated for energy conversion, using them as single phosphor for fabricating multicolor light‐emitting diodes. This work outlines a fundamental principle to prepare HFNs with bright photoluminescence in solid state.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach toward Phosphoryl‐Substituted Dihydroisoquinolones via Cascade Phosphorylation/Cyclization of N‐Allylbenzamides
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Ceng , Sun Kai , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Wang Wen‐Fei , Liu Yan , Li Qian‐Li , Peng Yu‐Yu , Qu Ling‐Bo , Yu Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free visible‐light‐promoted radical phosphorylation/cyclization of N‐allylbenzamides with phosphine oxides for the synthesis of phosphoryl‐substituted dihydroisoquinolones was developed under room temperature. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, simple operation, broad substrate scope as well as scale‐up ability.magnified image
Direct Assembly of Silica Nanospheres on Halloysite Nanotubes for “Green” Ultrahydrophobic Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Patil Namrata V. , Netravali Anil N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a sustainable biomimetic approach to create ultrahydrophobic cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics are modified using biobased raw materials to create multiple scale roughness and low surface energy on their surfaces. Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are modified by silanization and direct assembly of silica (SiO2) nanospheres on the surface of HNTs. HNTs “decorated” with SiO2 nanospheres are covalently bonded onto the surface of cotton fabrics, creating a durable multiple scale surface roughness. Surface modified cotton fabrics are further grafted with fatty acid without using any solvent, via esterification. The combination of the hierarchical roughness pattern created on the surface through modified HNT, and fatty acid treatment results in ultrahydrophobic fabrics with water contact angles (WCAs) above 150°. Surface topographies of modified HNT particles and chemical changes are fully characterized. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared and WCA studies are used to confirm the grafting of modified HNT particles and aliphatic fatty chains on surface of fabrics. The ultrahydrophobic cotton fabrics washed for five standard laundry cycles (25 home washings) show that the ultrahydrophobicity is durable. Moreover, the ultrahydrophobic fabrics are oleophilic, making them suitable for use in oil–water separation, anti‐biofouling and packaging, and other applications apart from water repellent clothing.
Modulation of Heavy Metal/Ferromagnetic Metal Interface for High‐Performance Spintronic Devices
Authors: Peng Shouzhong , Zhu Daoqian , Zhou Jiaqi , Zhang Boyu , Cao Anni , Wang Mengxing , Cai Wenlong , Cao Kaihua , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions and skyrmions have attracted considerable attention due to features such as nonvolatility, high scalability, low power, and high speed. Over the past few years, innovative materials and new structures in this field have resulted in the emergence of new phenomena and exciting device performance. It has been found that the heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic metal (FM) interface plays an essential role in spintronic devices. Spintronic device performance can be significantly enhanced through proper modulation of this interface. Recent progress in this blooming field is reviewed with specific emphasis on the HM/FM interface. Investigations into HM/FM‐interface‐related phenomena, including perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, tunnel magnetoresistance, magnetic damping, spin–orbit torque, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, are put into context. Guidelines for realizing high‐performance spintronic devices are provided, and an outlook on their future research direction and potential applications is given.
Targeted Polypeptide–Microtubule Aggregation with Cucurbit[8]uril for Enhanced Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ming , Liu Jiang‐Hua , Yu Qilin , Wen Xin , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTunable protein assemblies not only hold a dominant position in vital biological events but are also a significant theme in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we demonstrated that the intertubular aggregation of microtubules (MTs) could be efficiently regulated by a synergistic polypeptide–tubulin interaction and host–guest complexation. The benzylimidazolium‐modified antimitotic peptide (BP) could recognize the MTs and concurrently form stable inclusion complexes with avirulent cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in different binding stoichiometries. The self‐assembling morphology of MTs was converted from fibrous to nanoparticulate aggregates via extensive BP⊂CB[8] cross‐linkage, leading to significant cell apoptosis and tumor ablation in vivo. The targeted (BP⊂CB[8])@MT ternary assembly provides a facile supramolecular method to enhance the protein–protein interactions, which may be developed as a therapy for degenerative diseases, such as cancer.
Cation‐Controlled Formation and Interconversion of the fac/fac and mer/mer Stereoisomers of a Triple‐Stranded Helicate
Authors: Chen Xiaofei , Mevissen Christian , Huda Saskia , Göb Christian , Oppel Iris M. , Albrecht Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo biscatecholester ligands with oligoether spacers were used to prepare dinuclear titanium(IV) triscatecholate based helicates. In the case of Li4[(1/2)3Ti2], “classical” helicates with three internally bound Li+ ions and syn‐oriented ligands in the complex units (fac/fac isomer) were obtained. In the case of the sodium salt Na4[(2)3Ti2], a different homochiral dinuclear triple‐stranded helicate with two internally bound Na+ ions was formed. The complex units are anti‐configured, and two of the ligand spacers are connecting internal with external positions of the helicate (mer/mer isomer). Removal of the sodium ions and addition of lithium ions leads to the switching from one topology to the other with an expanded helicate [(2)3Ti2]4− as an intermediate. Switching back to the “non‐classical” helicate cannot be observed because severe structural rearrangements would be required.
Dual‐Controlled Macroscopic Motions in a Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Motor Amphiphiles
Authors: Leung Franco King‐Chi , Kajitani Takashi , Stuart Marc C. A. , Fukushima Takanori , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional unidirectionally aligned and responsive supramolecular hierarchical assemblies have much potential in adaptive materials for biomedical and soft actuator applications. However, to achieve systematical control of the motion of stimuli‐responsive materials by orthogonal external stimuli and to complete a series of complicated tasks remains a grand challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a novel designed hybrid supramolecular assembly of molecular motor amphiphiles that also serves as a template for iron nanoparticles growth, and as a consequence this soft hybrid material is orthogonally controlled by dual light/magnetic stimuli. Macroscopic motor amphiphile strings, decorated with iron nanoparticles, provide fast response photoactuations and magnet induced movements that allows a precisely controlled cargo transport process.
Determination and tissue distribution studies of dantrolene sodium with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in rat tissue by HPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Chen Yu , Zhao Shen , Zhao Min , Zhao Chunjie , Wang Miao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe established analytical method for determining the concentration of dantrolene sodium (Da) in rat tissues by HPLC/MS/MS technique was successfully applied to tissue distribution studies of Da in rats. Tissue homogenate samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with pre‐cooled methanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity HPLC column (Kromat Universil XB‐C18, 2.1 × 150 mm, 3 μm). Mass spectrometry was conducted with an electrospray ionization interface in negative ionization mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantitative analysis. The results showed that Da was rapidly and widely distributed in tissues and reached the maximum concentration within 0.5 h in all tissues after oral administration of Da–hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (DHC). It was then metabolized by liver and finally excreted from kidney,which indicated that DHC inclusion complex has better absorption and higher oral bioavailability than Da. The results also provided evidence for the safety and effectiveness of drug clinical application.
Disruptions of the olfactory and default mode networks in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lu Jiaming , Yang Qing X. , Zhang Han , Eslinger Paul J. , Zhang Xin , Wu Sichu , Zhang Bing , Zhu Bin , Karunanayaka Prasanna R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionOlfactory deficits are prevalent in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are predictive of progressive memory loss and dementia. However, direct neural evidence to relate AD neurodegeneration to deficits in olfaction and memory is limited.MethodsWe combined the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) with olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate links between neurodegeneration, the olfactory network (ON) and the default mode network (DMN) in AD.ResultsBehaviorally, olfactory and memory scores showed a strong positive correlation in the study cohorts. During olfactory fMRI, the ON showed reduced task‐related activation and the DMN showed reduced task‐related suppression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects compared to age‐matched cognitively normal subjects.ConclusionsThe results provide in vivo evidence for selective vulnerability of ON and DMN in AD and significantly improves the viable clinical applications of olfactory testing. A network‐based approach, focusing on network integrity rather than focal pathology, seems beneficial to olfactory prediction of dementia in AD.
Biocompatible Inhibitor Based on Chitosan and Amphiphilic Peptide against Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Devi , Chen Wen‐Hao , Huang Chen‐Han , He Yu‐Jung , Huang Joseph Jen‐Tse 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is classified as a protein‐misfolding disease correlated with the mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) protein with abnormally expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domains. Because no effective drugs have yet been reported, attempts to develop better therapy to delay the age of onset are in urgent demand. In this study, an amphiphilic peptide consisting of negatively charged hexaglutamic acid and a stretch of decaglutamine (E6Q10) was chemically synthesized as an inhibitor against polyQ and mHtt toxicity. It is found that E6Q10 selfassembles into spherical vesicles, as shown by means of TEM, cryoelectron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Assembled E6Q10 prevented the polyQ‐rich peptide (KKWQ20AKK) from forming amyloid fibrils. To enable the cell‐penetration ability of E6Q10, the E6Q10⋅chitosan complex was generated. It is demonstrated that the complex penetrates cells, interferes with the mHtt oligomerization and aggregation process, and prevents mHtt cytotoxicity. By combining positively charged chitosan and amphiphilic peptides with a negatively charge moiety, a new strategy is provided to develop biocompatible and biodegradable inhibitors against mHtt toxicity.