bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction Accuracy of the Dynamic Structure-Function Model for Glaucoma Progression Using Contrast Sensitivity Perimetry and Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Ramezani Koosha , Marín-Franch Iván , Hu Rongrong , Swanson William H. , Racette Lyne 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether combining a structural measure with contrast sensitivity perimetry (CSP), which has lower test-retest variability than static automated perimetry (SAP), reduces prediction error with 2 models of glaucoma progression.

Methods:
In this retrospective analysis, eyes with 5 visits with rim area (RA), SAP, and CSP measures were selected from 2 datasets. Twenty-six eyes with open-angle glaucoma were included in the analyses. For CSP and SAP, mean sensitivity (MS) was obtained by converting the sensitivity values at each location from decibel (SAP) or log units (CSP) to linear units, and then averaging all values. MS and RA values were expressed as percent of mean normal based on independent normative data. Data from the first 3 and 4 visits were used to calculate errors in prediction for the fourth and fifth visits, respectively. Prediction errors were obtained for simple linear regression and the dynamic structure-function (DSF) model.

Results:
With linear regression, the median prediction errors ranged from 6% to 17% when SAP MS and RA were used and from 9% to 17% when CSP MS and RA were used. With the DSF model, the median prediction errors ranged from 6% to 11% when SAP MS and RA were used and from 7% to 16% when CSP MS and RA were used.

Conclusions:
The DSF model had consistently lower prediction errors than simple linear regression. The lower test-retest variability of CSP in glaucomatous defects did not, however, result in lower prediction error.
Prospective Evaluation of the ESPGHAN Guidelines for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in New Zealand Children
Authors: Bishop Jonathan , Reed Peter , Austin Paul , Hurst Miriam , Ameratunga Rohan , Craigie Alyson , McFarlane Jeannette , Chin Simon E. , Mouat Stephen M. , Evans Helen M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjective:The 2012 European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline for diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) questioned the requirement for intestinal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The guideline recommends that in symptomatic patients with consistent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtypes, the diagnostic accuracy of strongly positive serology is sufficient to confirm the diagnosis. We prospectively assessed these guidelines in a “real‐life” clinical setting.Methods:One hundred and four children referred for evaluation of possible CD were prospectively recruited. Following informed consent, blood was drawn for serological testing and HLA analysis at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histological findings according to Marsh criteria were correlated with blood results and the accuracy of the guideline analyzed.The study also examined the role of deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) in the diagnosis of CD.Results:For symptomatic patients with consistent HLA subtypes, strongly positive serology (as described in the ESPGHAN guidelines) accurately predicted biopsy‐proven CD in >95% of cases. DGP was positive in fewer patients than anti‐TG2 or EMA. Incorporation of DGP as a second confirmatory serological test in place of EMA was associated with maintained predictive value of guideline, but fewer patients fulfilling criteria for biopsy‐free diagnosis.Conclusions:The ESPGHAN guideline performs well in our population. Adoption of the guideline would reduce the number of patients requiring endoscopy without compromise in diagnostic accuracy. The involvement of pediatric gastroenterological expertise, however, remains key to diagnosis of CD.
Onabotulinum Toxin A Injections Into the Salivary Glands for Spinal Muscle Atrophy Type I
Authors: Shoval Hannah Aura , Antelis Esther , Hillman Andrew , Wei Xiaofang , Tan Patricia , Alejandro Ruth , Kim Heakyung 
Published: June 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinum toxin A injection to the salivary glands under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I.

Design
Prospective case series with four patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I who received onabotulinum toxin A injection to parotid and submandibular glands for sialorrhea as part of clinical care. All four patients received validated surveys for measuring drooling, including objective measures of number of bib changes, and number of mouth wipes before injection and 4–6 wks after injection. Research was limited to survey completion. Scales included the Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale and the Drooling Impact Scale as well as a new scale used in our clinic, the Posterior Drooling Scales looking at coughing/choking and number of aspiration pneumonias.

Results
There were no adverse events. All four patients showed clinically significant improvements. The improvement in drooling using the Drooling Impact Scale was statistically significant (paired t test, t = 3.243, P = 0.048). All patients improved with number of mouth wipes.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided onabotulinum toxin A injections to the salivary glands may be a safe and effective method of decreasing drooling in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I.
Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Living With HIV in South Africa: A Mathematical Modeling Study
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Lince-Deroche Naomi , Chibwesha Carla J. , Firnhaber Cynthia , Smith Jennifer S. , Michelow Pam , Meyer-Rath Gesine , Jamieson Lise , Jordaan Suzette , Sharma Monisha , Regan Catherine , Sy Stephen , Liu Gui , Tsu Vivien , Jeronimo Jose , Kim Jane J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Women with HIV face an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and persistence, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive cervical cancer. Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of different cervical cancer screening strategies among women with HIV in South Africa.

Methods:
We modified a mathematical model of HPV infection and cervical disease to reflect coinfection with HIV. The model was calibrated to epidemiologic data from HIV-infected women in South Africa. Clinical and economic data were drawn from in-country data sources. The model was used to project reductions in the lifetime risk of cervical cancer and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of Pap and HPV DNA screening and management algorithms beginning at HIV diagnosis, at 1-, 2-, or 3-year intervals. Strategies with an ICER below South Africa's 2016 per capita gross domestic product (US$5270) were considered “cost-effective.”

Results:
HPV testing followed by treatment (test-and-treat) at 2-year intervals was the most effective strategy that was also cost-effective, reducing lifetime cancer risk by 56.6% with an ICER of US$3010 per year of life saved. Other cost-effective strategies included Pap (referral threshold: HSIL+) at 1-, 2-, and 3-year intervals, and HPV test-and-treat at 3-year intervals. Pap (ASCUS+), HPV testing with 16/18 genotyping, and HPV testing with Pap or visual triage of HPV-positive women were less effective and more costly than alternatives.

Conclusions:
Considering per capita gross domestic product as the benchmark for cost-effectiveness, HPV test-and-treat is optimal in South Africa. At lower cost-effectiveness benchmarks, Pap (HSIL+) would be optimal.
Rates of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Medina Luis D. , Hirshberg Linda , Taylor Michael J. , Gilbert Paul E. , Heaton Robert K. 
Published: June 2018

Background/Objective
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology that can include subjective cognitive symptoms and variable evidence of cognitive dysfunction. Rates of occurrence and severity of cognitive impairment remain unclear. Additionally, comparison of this group with other pain conditions has been limited. The current cross-sectional study sought to identify rates of clinically significant cognitive impairment in FM and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using an automated clinical rating approach.

Methods
A total of 61 females (32 with FM, 29 with RA) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) battery and an assessment of personality and psychological distress. All study measures were completed in one visit and all participants were recruited over the span of 3 years. Demographically corrected NP scores were used to compare participants with normative expectations and a summary score was calculated to compare groups on NP impairment.

Results
Compared to normative expectations using a 1 standard deviation cutoff, moderately increased rates of cognitive deficits were observed in both groups (FM = 23.3%, RA = 34.5%), with most test scores in affected individuals falling in the mild to moderate ranges of impairment. Compared to RA, FM participants endorsed higher and significant levels of psychological symptoms overall. These were not associated with cognitive performance in either patient group.

Conclusions
Increased rates of cognitive dysfunction as well as psychological distress exist in both FM and RA compared to a normative sample. However, psychological distress was unrelated to cognition in both groups. These findings have implications regarding the clinical presentation of individuals with FM and RA.
Failure of Classical β-Blocker Carvedilol to Deactivate Brown Adipose Tissue in a Patient With Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Tsechelidis Ioannis , El Darazi Eva , Muteganya Raoul , Weyts Kathleen , Goldman Serge 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A 37-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma underwent presurgical FDG PET/CT. Despite her usual antiadrenergic medication consisting in 25 mg of carvedilol, PET/CT demonstrated intense and widespread FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT). No BAT FDG uptake was detectable on a repeated examination after specific preparation consisting in 40 mg propranolol and 5 mg diazepam. We therefore recommend this propranolol-diazepam preparation in patients with pheochromocytoma referred for PET/CT. Carvedilol—classically prescribed to alleviate effects of adrenergic overstimulation—seems ineffective on BAT. This observation questions the benefit of carvedilol to reduce β3-adrenoreceptor–mediated effects, not only in BAT, but also in other tissues.
Willingness to Pay for Home-Based Rehabilitation Service Among Older Adults
Authors: Li Xuemei , Wan Xia , Pang Yajuan , Zhou Lanshu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for a home-based rehabilitation service and explore the influencing factors of WTP among older adults in Shanghai, China.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods
A questionnaire survey based on the contingent valuation method was conducted by face-to-face survey over 3 months.

Findings
Only 242 (44%) participants were willing to pay for a home-based rehabilitation service. The median amount they were willing to pay was RMB 8 (US$1.15) per visit. Older adults who had higher monthly income, had at least one partner who worked, and had medical insurance were willing to pay more for the service.

Conclusions
Older adults showed low WTP for a home-based rehabilitation service. Economic status and health condition are the significant influencing factors of WTP.

Clinical Relevance
Studies on recipients’ precise needs and ability to pay are required before home-based services are implemented.
Evaluation of Fronto-Orbital Advancement Using Titanium-Based Internal Fixation for Corrective Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Kreppel Matthias , Kauke Martin , Grandoch Andrea , Safi Ali-Farid , Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Zöller Joachim 
Published: June 2018

Background:
For successful reshaping of the cranial vault in terms of corrective fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) efficient and reliable internal fixation systems for stabilization of bone fragments are indispensable. The rate of complications and feasibility of corrective FOA with the usage of titanium-based rigid fixation systems is rarely analyzed and discussed.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 42 patients who received corrective FOA with the implementation of titanium internal rigid fixation and consecutive secondary surgery for removal. The reliability of the fixation system was judged by the outcome of the FOA as evaluated by the Whitaker score, esthetic outcome as well as by the complication rate of the secondary intervention, necessary for removal of the fixation system.

Results:
All patients were categorized as Whitaker I (no further treatment desirable). Esthetic outcome was excellent in all patients as judged by surgeon and parents. Mean age at the time of FOA was 9.3 months. Time to removal, duration of the second hospital stay for removal of the fixation system, and duration of surgical drains were on average 5 months, 2 days, and 1.7 days, respectively. Mean duration of the secondary surgery was 63 min. No complications occurred.

Conclusion:
Our investigation supports the usage of titanium internal rigid fixation systems in pediatric craniofacial surgery, thereby providing a reliable alternative to avoid the well-documented problems of bio-absorbable plate fixation systems.
Deliberate Practice: Preliminary Results of a Useful Strategy for Correcting Articulation in Children With Cleft Palate
Authors: Pamplona María del Carmen , Ysunza Pablo Antonio 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Children with cleft palate frequently show speech and language disorders. In the related scientific literature, several reports have described the use of different strategies for treating speech disorders in children with cleft palate. However, only a few studies have addressed the use of these strategies within a meaningful linguistic context.
Deliberate practice is a procedure or strategy, which proposes that the key for achieving high levels of expert performance is dedicating long time for practice. Deliberate practice has been studied mainly in the areas of sports and intellectual games. The purpose of this article is to study whether the use of a strategy originally designed for achieving expert performance in sports and intellectual games, can be useful for the speech intervention of children with cleft palate.
For this project, 32 children with cleft palate were studied. The children were randomly assigned to 2 independent groups. Both groups received speech therapy based on the principles of the Whole Language Model. In addition, deliberate practice was used in the children included in the active group.
After a speech intervention, although both groups of children demonstrated significant improvement in articulation placement, the active group demonstrated a significantly higher improvement as compared with the control group.
In conclusion, these preliminary results seem to suggest that the use of deliberate practice can be effective for enhancing articulation in children with cleft palate.
Surgical Alternative for Repair of Bilateral Macrostomia
Authors: Wong Romo Gabriela , Carrillo Terán Erick , Sánchez Pérez Yadheli Xeomara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe transverse or lateral cleft is the second most common type of craniofacial cleft. The authors report a case of bilateral macrostomia in a male newborn and the authors present a refined method of Kaplan technique for correcting macrostomia. The authors’ method is characterized by the creation of a single Z-plasty with the transposed central limb placed in the nasogenian crease.
Part III: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Fluid Resuscitation and Antimicrobial Therapy Endpoints
Authors: Hellman Judith , Bahrami Soheyl , Boros Mihaly , Chaudry Irshad H. , Fritsch Gerhard , Gozdzik Waldemar , Inoue Shigeaki , Radermacher Peter , Singer Mervyn , Osuchowski Marcin F. , Huber-Lang Markus 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
As outlined in the “International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016,” initial fluid resuscitation and administration of antibiotics are key steps in the early management of sepsis and septic shock. However, such clear guidelines do not exist for preclinical sepsis models. To address these shortcomings, the Wiggers-Bernard conference on preclinical sepsis models was held in Vienna in May 2017. The participants reviewed 260 of the most highly cited papers between 2003 and 2012 that used sepsis models. The review demonstrated that over 70% of experiments either did not use or failed to report resuscitation and/or antibiotic treatment. This information served as the basis to create a series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical sepsis models; this Part III report details the recommendations for fluid resuscitation and antibiotic treatment that should be addressed in sepsis models. Similar to human sepsis, fluid resuscitation is recommended in the experimental setting unless part of the study. Iso-osmolar crystalloid solutions are preferred. The administration route and its timing should be adjusted to the specific requirements of the model with preference given to dynamic rather than static hemodynamic monitoring. Predefined endpoints for fluid resuscitation and avoidance of fluid overload should be considered. Preclinical sepsis studies display serious inconsistencies in the use of antimicrobial protocols. To remedy this, antimicrobials are recommended for preclinical studies, with choice and dose adjusted to the specific sepsis model and pathogen (s). Ideally, the administration of antimicrobials should closely mimic clinical practice, taking into account the drug's pharmacokinetic profile, alterations in absorption, distribution and clearance, and host factors such as age, weight, and comorbidities. These recommendations and considerations are proposed as “best practices” for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented.
Prospective Creation and Validation of the PREVENTT (Prediction and Enaction of Prevention Treatments Trigger) Scale for Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) in Patients With Diverticulitis
Authors: Bordeianou Liliana , Cauley Christy E. , Patel Ruchin , Bleday Ronald , Mahmood Sadiqa , Kennedy Kevin , Ahmed Khawaja F. , Yokoe Deborah , Hooper David , Rubin Marc 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
Create and validate diverticulitis surgical site infection prediction scale.

Background:
Surgical site infections cause significant morbidity after colorectal surgery. An infection prediction scale could target infection prevention bundles to high-risk patients.

Methods:
Prospectively collected National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and electronic medical record data obtained on diverticulitis colectomy patients across a Healthcare Network-wide Colorectal Surgery Collaborative (5 hospitals). Patients with and without surgical site infections were compared. Predictive variables were identified using logistic regression model; model estimates obtained through 1000 bootstrap replications for scale validation.

Results:
A total of 1737 colectomies were performed (2010–2016): mean age 59.9 years (SD 12.7), 56.4% female; 93.4% Caucasian; smokers 16.3%, diabetics 7.7%, steroid use 6.0%. Two hundred thirty-one (13.3%) were presented to operating room emergently and 138 (7.9%) with abscess at time of disease admission. Two hundred ninety-six patients underwent Hartman procedures, and 113 (6.5%) received diverted primary anastomosis. Average length of stay was 6.9 days (standard deviation 7.01), 30-day mortality was 1.5%, anastomotic leak rate was 3.1%. Twenty-one percent of patients (n = 366) developed a surgical site infection. Several predictors for infection were identified: obesity (body mass index >30), advanced age (>70 years), diabetes mellitus, preoperative abscess, open surgery, emergent operations, and prolonged operations (>3 h). Creation of protected anastomosis in emergent settings was associated with increased infection rates. Presence of more than 5 risk factors was associated with infection rates of 45.8% (c = 0.69).

Conclusions:
Patients with diverticulitis have high surgical site infection rates due to nonmodifiable risk factors. Our Prediction and Enaction of Prevention Treatments Trigger scale can risk stratify patients for targeting surgical site infection prevention bundles and outcomes risk adjustments.
Design, Conduct, and Analysis of Surgical Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Jiajie , Chen Wenwen , Chen Shidong , Jia Pengli , Su Guanyue , Li Youping , Sun Xin 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing surgical intervention faced challenges due to complexities of surgery and made it more difficult for surgeons and methodologists than pharmaceutical providers to build a well-design, conduct RCT.

Objective:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to address the methodological challenges of RCTs on surgical intervention and offer potential solutions.

Methods:
We searched PubMed in order to summarize 2-arm parallel randomized trials for surgical interventions published in 2013. The information regarding general characteristics, general methodological and special surgical characteristics related to surgical trials comparing alternative procedures was gathered.

Results:
Some 200 surgical trials were identified. The extent to which these trials in design, conduct and analysis differed substantially across items. The general information about sample size calculation (77.0%), lost to follow-up (71.5%), trial registration (55.5%), protocols of trials (56.0%), implementation of randomization (59.5%), concealment of randomization (56.0%); reporting of primary outcome as P value (67.0%). Surgery special information revealed that only 21.0% of trials considered surgeons’ preference, approximately 12% to 50% of them controlled the quality of surgical interventions and none evaluated the effect of the learning curve.

Conclusion:
There is much room for improvement concerning the reported designs, conduct, and analysis of surgical RCTs. Considering the difficulty of surgical RCTs, some other approaches, such as surgeons’ eligibility, performance of pilot studies, or implementation of pragmatic RCTs/expertise-based trials, should be feasibly implemented to overcome the presented challenges.