bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on the application of photovoltaic thermal systems for building façades
Authors: Riaz Ahmad , Liang Ruobing , Zhou Chao , Zhang Jili 
Published: May 2019

The hybrid photovoltaic-thermal system has shown great progress. Electrical energy is produced from PV panels while thermal energy is produced via a working fluid carried through the panels. In this paper, the vertical PV/T is introduced using working fluids such as air and liquid, which serve to control the excess temperature of the PV panels as well as to collect heat to be made available as thermal energy. Installations of PV/T systems on building façades, as well as integration with other technologies such as heat pipe and heat pump are also discussed. Current studies of such building integration technologies are also explored, including the scale of application. This study aims to provide constructive information which can be used in future development of building facades for large-scale applications, to contribute to future sustainable development. Practical application: This study helps researchers and engineers who are considering photovoltaic thermal systems for building façades to have better understanding of its effect on electrical and thermal energy – for space heating, fresh air supply and hot water supply – using an active building envelope.
Graduated compression stockings effects on chronic venous disease signs and symptoms during pregnancy
Authors: Saliba Júnior Orlando Adas , Rollo Hamilton Almeida , Saliba Orlando , Sobreira Marcone Lima 
Published: May 2019

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of compression stockings in controlling the varicose veins in pregnant women. Method A prospective controlled randomized clinical trial was performed, including 60 women: intervention group (n = 30), who used compression stockings, and control group (n = 30). Diameters of the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein in the lower limbs of pregnant women in an orthostatic position were analyzed using Duplex-ultrasound. The symptomatology and CEAP were evaluated. Results Great saphenous vein diameters in the intervention group were 0.37 cm initial and 0.32 cm final (p < 0.0001) in the right leg and 0.28 cm and 0.38 cm (p < 0.0001) in the control group. CEAP classification presented worsening in the control group (p < 0.0001). The signs and symptoms in the control vs. intervention group: pain (86.67% vs. 23.33%; p < 0.0001), edema (70.00% vs. 33.33%; p = 0.0045), and leg heaviness (93.33% vs. 13.33%; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Compression stockings were effective in controlling the varicose veins related to pregnancy.
Glutathione levels and activities of glutathione metabolism enzymes in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsugawa Sakiko , Noda Yoshihiro , Tarumi Ryosuke , Mimura Yu , Yoshida Kazunari , Iwata Yusuke , Elsalhy Muhammad , Kuromiya Minori , Kurose Shin , Masuda Fumi , Morita Shinji , Ogyu Kamiyu , Plitman Eric , Wada Masataka , Miyazaki Takahiro , Graff-Guerrero Ariel , Mimura Masaru , Nakajima Shinichiro 
Published: May 2019

Background: Glutathione is among the important antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress. However, the relationships between abnormality in the glutathione system and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain uncertain due to inconsistent findings on glutathione levels and/or glutathione-related enzyme activities in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Original studies, in which three metabolite levels (glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and total glutathione (glutathione+glutathione disulfide)) and five enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, and glutathione S-transferase) were measured with any techniques in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, were included. Standardized mean differences were calculated to determine the group differences in the glutathione levels with a random-effects model. Results: We identified 41, 9, 15, 38, and seven studies which examined glutathione, glutathione disulfide, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, respectively. Patients with schizophrenia had lower levels of both glutathione and total glutathione and decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase compared to controls. Glutathione levels were lower in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia than those in controls while glutathione levels did not differ between patients with first-episode psychosis and controls. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that there may be glutathione deficits and abnormalities in the glutathione redox cycle in patients with schizophrenia. However, given the small number of studies examined the entire glutathione system, further studies are needed to elucidate a better understanding of disrupted glutathione function in schizophrenia, which may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in this disorder.
Types of posterolateral corner injury associated with both bundle and selective-bundle ACL tears
Authors: Lee So Yeon , Choi Yoon Jung , Park Hee Jin , Kook Shin Ho , Kang Kyung A , Kim Mi Sung , Kwon Heon Ju , Ahn Jin Hwan 
Published: May 2019

Background It is unknown whether a selective-bundle tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) shows a different prevalence of posterolateral corner (PLC) injury than a both-bundle tear. Purpose The prevalence of injury of PLC stabilizer in relation to the type of combined ACL tear (both-bundle and selective-bundle tears) has been investigated. Material and methods This retrospective study included 94 patients who were diagnosed with an ACL tear after knee joint magnetic resonance imaging and underwent arthroscopic surgery. We compared the prevalence of each lesion in relation to the type of ACL injury and the type of selective-bundle tear. We used Fischer exact tests to compare the prevalence of each lesion in relation to the type of ACL injury and the type of selective-bundle tear. Results Both-bundle tears occurred in 55 cases (56%) and selective-bundle tears in 39 cases (44%). The most common PLC injury with an ACL tear was inferior popliteomeniscal fascicle (PMF) injury, followed by superior PMF injury. The prevalence of each PLC injury was higher for both-bundle tears than selective-bundle tears, with the exception of popliteus tendon injury diagnosed by reader 1 (P.H.J). However, these differences were statistically significant for superior PMF injury only ( p < 0.05). The prevalence of PLC injury was unrelated to the type of selective-bundle tear (anteromedial vs posterolateral). Conclusion Superior PMF injury is more common in both-bundle tears than selective-bundle tears. There is no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of PLC injury between both-bundle tears and selective-bundle tears.
Malignant glomus tumor of the thyroid gland: a case report
Authors: Liu Yinhua , Wu Rongrong , Yu Tao , Cao Yingya , Lu Linming 
Published: May 2019

Objective Primary malignant glomus tumors of the thyroid gland are a rare occurrence. Methods A 68-year-old man found a mass on the right side of his neck in October 2017. An X-ray examination on 9 January 2018 showed multiple round reinforced masses in both sides of the lung. Computed tomography imaging of the neck showed a low-density mass on the right side of the thyroid gland. Results The immunohistochemistry results were positive for smooth muscle actin, calponin, collagen IV, and Ki-67 60%. The patient received chemotherapy starting on 17 January 2018, 8 February 2018, and 11 March 2018. The chemotherapy drugs included ifosfamide, epirubicin, and cisplatin. However, the patient subsequently developed multiple organ failure and died in April 2018, approximately 6 months after the initial discovery of the mass in his neck. Conclusions Primary malignant glomus tumors of the thyroid gland are rare, and examination of their pathology and immunohistochemistry is vital for making an accurate final diagnosis. This case also indicates that primary malignant glomus tumors of the thyroid gland may have a poor prognosis, despite chemotherapy.
Comparison of ultra-low dose chest CT scanning protocols for the detection of pulmonary nodules: a phantom study
Authors: Milanese Gianluca , Silva Mario , Frauenfelder Thomas , Eberhard Matthias , Sabia Federica , Martini Chiara , Marchianò Alfonso , Prokop Mathias , Sverzellati Nicola , Pastorino Ugo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To test ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) scanning protocols for the detection of pulmonary nodules (PN). Methods: A chest phantom containing 19 solid and 11 subsolid PNs was scanned on a third-generation dual-source computed tomography (CT) scanner. Five ULDCT scans (Sn100kVp and 120, 70, 50, 30, and 20 reference mAs, using tube current modulation), reconstructed with iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm at strength levels 2, 3, 4, and 5, were compared with standard CT (120kVp, 150 reference mAs, using tube current modulation). PNs were subjectively assessed according to a 4-point scale: 0, nondetectable nodule; 1, detectable nodule, very unlikely to be correctly measured; 2, detectable nodule, likely to be correctly measured; 3, PN quality equal to standard of reference. PN scores were analysed according to the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), simulating detection of nodules at baseline and incidence screening round. Results: For the baseline round, there were 17 Lung-RADS 2, 4 Lung-RADS 3, 8 Lung-RADS 4A, and 1 Lung-RADS 4B PNs. They were detectable in any ULDCT protocol, with the exception of 1 nondetectable part-solid nodule in 1 scanning protocol (120 reference mAs; IR strength: 3). For the incidence round, there were 4 Lung-RADS 2, 14 Lung-RADS 3, 2 Lung-RADS 4A, and 10 Lung-RADS 4B PNs. Ten were nondetectable in at least one ULDCT dataset; however, they were at least detectable in ULDCT with 70 reference mAs (IR strength: 4 and 5). Conclusions: ULDCT scanning protocols allowing the detection of PNs can be proposed for the purpose of lung cancer screening.
Adherence to the 2008 IHS guidelines for controlled trials of drugs for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine in adults
Authors: Deen Marie , Martinelli Daniele , Pijpers Judith , Diener Hans-Christoph , Silberstein Stephen , Ferrari Michel D , Ashina Messoud , Tassorelli Cristina , Yuan Hsiangkuo 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionSince the definition of chronic migraine as a new disease entity in 2004, numerous clinical trials have examined the efficacy of preventive treatments in chronic migraine. Our aim was to assess the adherence of these trials to the Guidelines of the International Headache Society published in 2008.MethodsWe searched PubMed for controlled clinical trials investigating preventive treatment for chronic migraine in adults designed after the release of the Guidelines and published until December 2017. Trial quality was evaluated with a 13-item scoring system enlisting essential recommendations adapted from the Guidelines.ResultsOut of 3352 retrieved records, we included 16 papers in the analysis dealing with pharmacological treatment of chronic migraine. The median score was 6.5 (range 2–13). All trials were randomized, the large majority (81.25%) were placebo-controlled and double-blinded (87.5%). Adherence was lowest on i) a priori definition of outcomes (31.25%), ii) primary endpoint definition (37.5%%) and iii) trial registration (37.5%).DiscussionMost clinical trials adhered to the recommendations of the IHS, whereas adherence to migraine-specific recommendations was lower. Greater awareness and adherence to the guidelines are essential to improve the quality of clinical trials, validity of publications and the generalizability of the results.
Clinical Outcomes After Anterior Shoulder Stabilization in Overhead Athletes: An Analysis of the MOON Shoulder Instability Consortium
Authors: Trinh Thai Q. , Naimark Micah B. , Bedi Asheesh , Carpenter James E. , Robbins Christopher B. ,   MOON Shoulder Instability Group, Grant John A. , Miller Bruce S. , Ortiz Shannon , Bollier Matthew J. , Kuhn John E. , Cox Charlie L. , Ma C. Benjamin , Feeley Brain T. , Zhang Alan L. , McCarty Eric C. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Bishop Julie Y. , Jones Grant L. , Brophy Robert H. , Wright Rick W. , Smith Matthew V. , Marx Robert G. , Baumgarten Keith M. , Wolf Brian R. , Hettrich Carolyn M. , Miller Bruce S. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a common condition affecting sports participation among young athletes. Clinical outcomes after surgical management may vary according to patient activity level and sport involvement. Overhead athletes may experience a higher rate of recurrent instability and difficulty returning to sport postoperatively with limited previous literature to guide treatment. Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization within the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability Consortium and to identify prognostic factors associated with successful return to sport at 2 years postoperatively. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Overhead athletes undergoing primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization as part of the MOON Shoulder Instability Consortium were identified for analysis. Primary outcomes included the rate of recurrent instability, defined as any patient reporting recurrent dislocation or reoperation attributed to persistent instability, and return to sport at 2 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow questionnaire score. Univariate regression analysis was performed to identify patient and surgical factors predictive of return to sport at short-term follow-up. Results: A total of 49 athletes were identified for inclusion. At 2-year follow-up, 31 (63%) athletes reported returning to sport. Of those returning to sport, 22 athletes (45% of the study population) were able to return to their previous levels of competition (nonrefereed, refereed, or professional) in at least 1 overhead sport. Two patients (4.1%) underwent revision stabilization, although 14 (28.6%) reported subjective apprehension or looseness. Age ( P = .87), sex ( P = .82), and baseline level of competition ( P = .37) were not predictive of return to sport. No difference in range of motion in all planes ( P > .05) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index scores (78.0 vs 80.1, P = .73) was noted between those who reported returning to sport and those who did not. Conclusion: Primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes is associated with a low rate of recurrent stabilization surgery. Return to overhead athletics at short-term follow-up is lower than that previously reported for the general athletic population.
Comparison of Structural Integrity and Functional Outcome Between Delaminated and Nondelaminated Rotator Cuff Tears After En Masse Arthroscopic Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Kim Young-Kyu , Jung Kyu-Hak , Kwon Hyuk-Min 
Published: May 2019

Background: Arthroscopic repair of delaminated rotator cuff tears (RCTs) has shown poor prognoses. Despite the importance of delaminated tears, only a few studies have compared delaminated and nondelaminated tears. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and structural integrity after en masse arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between delaminated and nondelaminated RCTs and to evaluate whether infraspinatus tendon involvement affects the prognosis for delaminated tears after arthroscopic cuff repair, through use of propensity score matching for precise comparison. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 180 consecutive patients with medium- or large-sized RCTs who had an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a minimum 2-year follow-up, of whom 57 and 123 had delaminated tears (group 1) and nondelaminated tears (group 2), respectively. The en masse repair technique using a single-row or transosseous-equivalent double-row suture-bridge technique was used for of all the delaminated cases. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale pain scores, shoulder active range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, and Constant scores were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at least 24 months postoperatively to identify retear of the repaired rotator cuffs. After propensity score matching, 32 cases in both groups were successfully matched, and the clinical and radiological results were analyzed. Results: Before propensity score matching, postoperative clinical outcomes were improved, showing no significant differences between the groups, excluding forward elevation ( P = .011). Groups 1 and 2 had 17 (29.8%) and 11 retear cases (8.9%), respectively ( P < .001). After propensity score matching, only the ASES score (72.5 vs 77.1) showed a significant superiority in group 2 ( P = .038). Propensity-matched groups 1 and 2 had 8 (25.0%) and 2 (6.3%) retear cases, respectively ( P = .034). No significant difference was found in structural integrity depending on whether the RCT included the infraspinatus tendon (IST). The odds ratio for retear of the delaminated tears, including IST, was 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-30.0, P = .038). Conclusion: Delaminated RCT was a negative prognostic factor of structural integrity after repair and could affect the functional outcome. However, whether IST tear was involved had no effect on the prognosis after repair.
Arthroscopic Repair of the Isolated Subscapularis Full-Thickness Tear: Single- Versus Double-Row Suture-Bridge Technique
Authors: Yoon Ji-Sang , Kim Sung-Jae , Choi Yun-Rak , Kim Sang-Ho , Chun Yong-Min 
Published: May 2019

Background: No clinical comparative study has addressed isolated subscapularis tears after arthroscopic repair with either single-row or double-row suture-bridge technique. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes and structural integrity after arthroscopic repair of an isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear with either the single-row technique or the double-row suture-bridge technique. The authors hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in clinical outcomes and structural integrity between approaches. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 56 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of an isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear with grade II or less fatty infiltration in the subscapularis muscle with either a single-row technique (n = 31) or a double-row suture-bridge technique (n = 25). Functional outcomes were assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, and active range of motion. Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) or computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) was performed 6 months after surgery to assess the structural integrity of the repaired tendon. Results: At the 2-year follow-up, all scoring parameters applied (VAS, SSV, ASES, and UCLA), subscapularis strength, and active range of motion improved significantly in both groups as compared with preoperative values ( P < .001). However, there were no significant differences between groups in any of these clinical outcome measurements (VAS, 1.2 vs 1.1; SSV, 91.3 vs 91.8; ASES, 91.0 vs 91.4; UCLA, 31.9 vs 32.1). On follow-up MRA or CTA, the overall retear rate did not differ significantly between the single-row group (13%, 4 of 31) and the double-row group (12%, 3 of 25). Conclusion: Arthroscopic single-row repair and double-row suture-bridge repair of isolated full-thickness subscapularis tears both yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes and structural integrity with no significant differences among patients with good muscle quality.
How Clinician–Family Interactions Potentially Impact Clinicians’ Conceptualization and Discussions Regarding Prognostic Uncertainties
Authors: Peoples Hayley A. , Boone Blair , Blumenthal-Barby Jennifer S. , Bruce Courtenay R. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Little is known about how clinicians perceive prognostic uncertainty. Our study objective was to identify factors that influence how prognostic uncertainty is viewed by physicians, as it relates to their communications with families. Design: Thirty semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis (9 surgeons, 16 intensivists, 3 nurse practitioners, and 2 “other” clinicians). We analyzed interviews using qualitative description with constant comparative techniques. Setting: Open medical, surgical, neurosurgical, and cardiovascular intensive care units (ICUs) in a 900-bed academic, tertiary Houston hospital. Interventions: None Main Results: We identified 2 main factors that influence how clinicians perceive prognostic uncertainty and their perceptions about whether and why they communicate prognostic uncertainties to families: (1) Communicating Uncertainty to “Soften the Blow”; and (2) Communicating Uncertainty in Response to Clinicians’ Interpretations of Surrogate Decision Makers’ Perceptions of Prognostic Uncertainty. We also identified several subthemes. Conclusions: Clinician–family interactions influence how clinicians perceive prognostic uncertainty in their communications with patients or families. We discuss ethical and clinical implications of our findings.
Evaluation of the self-directed format of Walk With Ease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the Walk-SLE Pilot Study
Authors: Sheikh S Z , Kaufman K , Gordon B -B , Hicks S , Love A , Walker J , Callahan L F , Cleveland R J 
Published: May 2019

Objective To conduct a proof-of-concept pilot evaluation of the self-directed format of Walk With Ease (WWE), a 6-week walking program developed for adults with arthritis, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This was a single arm, 6-week pre- and post-evaluation of the self-directed WWE program to assess feasibility, tolerability, safety, acceptability, and effectiveness. Adult patients with physician-diagnosed SLE were recruited to participate during regularly scheduled visits to an academic rheumatology clinic. Self-reported outcomes of pain, stiffness, and fatigue were assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-fatigue) scale at baseline and at completion of the 6-week program. Patients also completed a satisfaction survey at the end of the program. Multivariate linear regression models were used to calculate mean changes between baseline and 6-week follow-up scores, adjusting for covariates. Mean change scores were used to estimate effect sizes (ES). Results At 6 weeks, 48 of the 75 recruited participants completed the WWE program. Participants experienced modest improvements in stiffness and fatigue (ES = 0.12 and ES = 0.23, respectively, for VAS scores; ES = 0.16 for FACIT-fatigue score) following the intervention. The majority of participants reported satisfaction with the program (98%) and benefitted from the workbook (96%). Conclusions The self-directed format of WWE appears to reduce stiffness and fatigue in patients with SLE. It also seems to be a feasible and acceptable exercise program to patients with SLE. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.