bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Cometary Dust Particles to the Orbit of the Earth: Particle Size, Shape, and Mutual Collisions
Authors: Yang Hongu , Ishiguro Masateru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this study, we numerically investigated the orbital evolution of cometary dust particles, with special consideration of the initial size–frequency distribution (SFD) and different evolutionary tracks according to the initial orbit and particle shape. We found that close encounters with planets (mostly Jupiter) are the dominating factor determining the orbital evolution of dust particles. Therefore, the lifetimes of cometary dust particles (∼250,000 yr) are shorter than the Poynting–Robertson lifetime, and only a small fraction of large cometary dust particles can be transferred into orbits with small semimajor axes. The exceptions are dust particles from 2P/Encke and, potentially, active asteroids that have little interaction with Jupiter. We also found that the effects of dust shape, mass density, and SFD were not critical in the total mass supply rate to the interplanetary dust particle (IDP) cloud complex when these quantities are confined by observations of zodiacal light brightness and SFD around the Earth’s orbit. When we incorporate a population of fluffy aggregates discovered in the Earth’s stratosphere and the coma of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko within the initial ejection, the initial SFD measured at the comae of comets (67P and 81P/Wild 2) can produce the observed SFD around the Earth’s orbit. Considering the above effects, we derived the probability of mutual collisions among dust particles within the IDP cloud for the first time in a direct manner via numerical simulation and concluded that mutual collisions can mostly be ignored.
The 7-year MAXI/GSC Source Catalog of the Low-Galactic-latitude Sky (3MAXI)
Authors: Hori T. , Shidatsu M. , Ueda Y. , Kawamuro T. , Morii M. , Nakahira S. , Isobe N. , Kawai N. , Mihara T. , Matsuoka M. , Morita T. , Nakajima M. , Negoro H. , Oda S. , Sakamoto T. , Serino M. , Sugizaki M. , Tanimoto A. , Tomida H. , Tsuboi Y. , Tsunemi H. , Ueno S. , Yamaoka K. , Yamada S. , Yoshida A. , Iwakiri W. , Kawakubo Y. , Sugawara Y. , Sugita S. , Tachibana Y. , Yoshii T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present the first MAXI/GSC X-ray source catalog in the low-Galactic-latitude sky

outside the Galactic center region (

, l < 30°, and l > 330°) based on 7-year data from 2009 August 13 to 2016 July 31. To overcome source confusion in crowded regions, we have accurately calibrated the position-dependent shape of the point-spread function of the MAXI/GSC by analyzing onboard data. We have also taken into account the Galactic ridge X-ray emission. Using a maximum likelihood image fitting method, we have detected 221 sources with a significance threshold >6.5σ, 7 of which are transients only detected in 73-day time-sliced images. The faintest source has a flux of 5.2 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 (or an intensity of 0.43 mCrab) in the 4–10 keV band. We have identified the counterparts for about 81% of the detected sources, by cross-matching with the Swift, Uhuru, RXTE, XMM-Newton, MCXC, and ROSAT all-sky survey catalogs. Our catalog contains the source name, position and its error, flux and detection significance in the 3–4 keV, 4–10 keV, and 10–20 keV bands, hardness ratios, and information on the likely counterpart for the individual detected sources. We have obtained 73-day bin light curves of all the cataloged sources over 7 years and have calculated their periodograms. On the basis of the mean properties of time variability and spectral hardness, we suggest that the majority of the unidentified sources are low-mass X-ray binaries or blazars. Finally, we present the log N–log S relations at different Galactic longitudes and for different source populations.
Detection of a Millimeter Flare from Proxima Centauri
Authors: MacGregor Meredith A. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Wilner David J. , Kowalski Adam F. , Cranmer Steven R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present new analyses of ALMA 12 m and Atacama Compact Array (ACA) observations at 233 GHz (1.3 mm) of the Proxima Centauri system with sensitivities of 9.5 and 47 μJy beam−1, respectively, taken from 2017 January 21 through April 25. These analyses reveal that the star underwent a significant flaring event during one of the ACA observations on 2017 March 24. The complete event lasted for approximately 1 minute and reached a peak flux density of 100 ± 4 mJy, nearly a factor of 1000 times brighter than the star’s quiescent emission. At the flare peak, the continuum emission is characterized by a steeply falling spectral index with frequency F

ν
∝ ν

α
with α = −1.77 ± 0.45, and a lower limit on the fractional linear polarization of

. Because the ACA observations do not show any quiescent excess emission, we conclude that there is no need to invoke the presence of a dust belt at 1–4 au. We also posit that the slight excess flux density of 101 ± 9 μJy observed in the 12 m observations, compared to the photospheric flux density of 74 ± 4 μJy extrapolated from infrared wavelengths, may be due to coronal heating from continual smaller flares, as is seen for AU Mic, another nearby well-studied M dwarf flare star. If this is true, then the need for warm dust at ∼0.4 au is also removed.
Les pratiques de partage des connaissances d’une unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire en interne et externe
Authors: Bouhedi Marie-Claude 
Published: February 2018

Nous proposons dans cet article, de partir d’une étude sur l’usage et la pratique des outils des Technologies d’Information et de Communication pour aborder le partage des connaissances. Nous verrons que le partage est plus facile pour les connaissances explicites mais reste difficile pour une partie des connaissances tacites, certaines connaissances scientifiques et celles dites artisanales , transmissibles seulement par voie orale, observation ou apprentissage. La démarche qualité pourrait contribuer à capitaliser les connaissances. Le déploiement des outils dans le travail collaboratif ne suffit pas en soi : la communication reste essentielle, elle permet d’établir la confiance, qui favorise la coopération.
La relation circulaire entre inégalités de revenu et finance : tour d’horizon de la littérature et résultats récents
Authors: Bazillier Rémi , Héricourt Jérôme , Ligonnière Samuel 
Published: February 2018

Cet article propose un bref tour d’horizon de la littérature portant sur les liens entre inégalités de revenu et finance, afin de démêler les nombreux facteurs sous-jacents à la relation circulaire entre ces deux variables. D’un côté, les présomptions en faveur d’effets du développement financier, de la déréglementation financière et des crises financières sur la distribution des revenus sont nombreuses, mais le débat sur le sens de ces effets reste largement ouvert, le contexte institutionnel apparaissant déterminant. De l’autre, les preuves récemment accumulées d’un lien causal positif allant des inégalités vers le crédit (essentiellement aux ménages) sont solides. Cet accroissement du crédit suite à une augmentation des inégalités peut être justifié par différents mécanismes théoriques relevant de l’offre ou de la demande de crédit. À cet égard, le lien de causalité apparaît quantitativement plus fort lorsque les classes moyennes sont concernées. Les implications pour la politique économique sont importantes et les voies de recherches futures, prometteuses. Classification JEL : D31, E25, E44, G01 .
De la restriction des budgets des politiques sociales à la dégradation des conditions de travail dans le secteur médico-social
Authors: Dussuet Annie , Nirello Laura , Puissant Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2018

Les politiques publiques gérontologiques se sont succédé depuis les années 1980, oscillant entre politiques sociales et médico-sociales, et politiques de l’emploi. Depuis deux décennies, mais avec une nette accélération depuis les années 2000, ces politiques publiques, intervenant aussi bien dans le champ de l’hébergement que dans celui du domicile, se caractérisent par un changement de référentiel : le référentiel industriel de ces secteurs tertiaires, qui se caractérise par « une recherche d’une standardisation poussée des procédés » (Gadrey, 1994 :118), est désormais affiché au niveau politique national. Il s’accompagne d’une rationalisation importante de l’organisation des services et du travail, aussi bien dans les établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad) que dans les organisations d’aide à domicile ; la rationalisation étant perçue par les autorités locales de tarification comme un moyen de « maîtriser » les dépenses publiques. L’article s’attache à analyser les répercussions de cette rationalisation sur les conditions de travail des salariées qui se dégradent.
La famille en morceaux
Authors: Ambroise-Rendu Anne-Claude 
Published: February 2018

La presse dessine une figure paradoxale de la famille fin de siècle. Loin des images rassurantes forgées par la littérature édifiante, la famille – qui apparaît presque exclusivement dans la presse via la chronique des faits divers – est presque toujours le cadre de désordres et de violences. À ces brutalités quotidiennes s'ajoute le caractère atroce de crimes spécifiques : parricides et matricides, enfants maltraités. Pourtant cette constante narrative n'ouvre à aucun moment sur une remise en cause de la famille. Les violences familiales, interprétées en termes vaguement sociologiques par la chronique des faits divers montrent les limites d'un genre journalistique qui s'arrête également au seuil de l'analyse psychologique et du discours social. La violence est un argument de vente, mais la violence familiale suscite un véritable embarras, montrant ainsi et comme en creux que la famille reste un des totems majeurs du siècle finissant.
De Verlaine à Cocteau
Authors: Lejeune-Resnick Évelyne 
Published: February 2018

Paul Verlaine, poète, homosexuel et prince des Poètes au XIX e siècle et Jean Cocteau, poète, homosexuel et prince des Poètes au XX e siècle, ont suscité chacun des réactions, commentaires et opinions parfois désobligeants, pour ne pas dire agressifs : la violence du regard social a été extrêmement prononcée envers eux.
L'enfance violentée
Authors: Dupont-Bouchat Marie-Sylvie 
Published: February 2018

Les transformations de la sensibilité à l'égard de la violence sexuelle commise sur les enfants s'inscrivent dans le contexte général d'une montée du sentiment sécuritaire à la fin du XIX e siècle. À partir des regards croisés portés par le droit, la justice et les réactions sociales, on peut observer au fil du siècle, le développement d'une nouvelle sensibilité à la violence et ses victimes, surtout s'il s'agit d'enfants. S'il est plus facile de légiférer, en 1846, sur la violence sexuelle que sur la protection de l'enfance au travail, s'il est plus facile de condamner un pédophile qu'un patron d'industrie qui exploite la main-d'œuvre enfantine, les sensibilités changent dans le dernier quart du XIX e siècle, sous la pression des magistrats et des sociétés protectrices de l'enfance. Un nouveau regard est porté sur l'enfant qui apparaît désormais comme un enjeu pour l'avenir d'une société qui mise sur le progrès et où le besoin de sécurité se développe, parallèlement au sentiment du danger.
Identification of a novel functional miR-143-5p recognition element in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator 3’UTR
Authors: De Santi Chiara , Gadi Sucharitha , Swiatecka-Urban Agnieszka , Greene Catherine M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of gene expression. They bind in a sequence-specific manner to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) located in the 3″ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs and prevent mRNA translation. MiRNA expression is dysregulated in cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting several biological processes including ion conductance in the epithelial cells of the lung. We previously reported that miR-143 is up-regulated in CF bronchial brushings compared to non-CF. Here we identified two predicted binding sites for miR-143-5p (starting at residues 558 and 644) on the CFTR mRNA, and aimed to assess whether CFTR is a true molecular target of miR-143-5p. Expression of miR-143-5p was found to be up-regulated in a panel of CF vs non-CF cell lines (1.7-fold, P = 0.0165), and its levels were increased in vitro after 20 hours treatment with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients compared to vehicle-treated cells (3.3-fold, P = 0.0319). Luciferase assays were performed to elucidate direct miRNA::target interactions and showed that miR-143-5p significantly decreased the reporter activity when carrying the wild-type full length sequence of CFTR 3″UTR (minus 15%, P = 0.005). This repression was rescued by the disruption of the first, but not the second, predicted MRE, suggesting that the residue starting at 558 was the actual active binding site. In conclusion, we here showed that miR-143-5p modestly but significantly inhibits CFTR, improving the knowledge on functional MREs within the CFTR 3″UTR. This could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies where miRNA-mediated CFTR repression is blocked thereby possibly increasing the efficacy of the currently available CFTR modulators.
ADULT SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA PATIENTS IN BONE PAIN CRISIS HAVE ELEVATED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES
Authors: Alagbe Adekunle Emmanuel , Olaniyi John Ayodele , Aworanti Oladapo Wale 
Published: February 2018

Background and Objective: Inflammatory markers that influence bone pain crisis (BPC) and other complications of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are numerous and play various roles. This study determined the plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) - α, interleukin - 8 (IL-8), and endothelin - 1 (ET-1) in adult SCA patients during BPC and in steady state. In addition, the plasma levels of these cytokines were correlated with the severity of BPC of the patients.Methods and Materials: Sixty adult SCA patients (30 during BPC and 30 during steady state) and 30 haemoglobin A controls were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. The severity of BPC was assessed clinically, and questionnaires were filled. Plasma levels of TNF- α, IL-8 and ET-1 were quantified by ELISA, and haematological parameters were determined using a 5-part auto-analyzer. Plasma levels were correlated with the severity of bone pain crisis. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05.Results: Plasma TNF-α, IL-8, and ET-1 were significantly elevated in the BPC group than in the steady state group and the controls. Plasma TNF-α, IL-8 and ET-1 were markedly higher in the severe BPC groups than the steady state and control groups, There was a positive correlation between TNF-α and ET-1 in the bone pain crisis group.Conclusion: Elevated levels of plasma TNF-α, IL-8, and ET-1 further establish the chronic inflammatory state in SCA and equally affirm their significant contribution, not only to pathogenesis but also to the severity of pain in SCA. Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia, Cytokines, Bone pain crisis, Severity, Steady state.
Settling the browser–grazer debate for African buffalo in grass-limited Eastern Cape thicket, South Africa
Authors: Landman Marietjie , Kloppers Kate , Kerley Graham I.H. 
Published: February 2018

Despite extensive evidence that African buffalo Syncerus caffer are grazers, De Graaff et al. using rumen content analysis of animals that had starved to death proposed that buffalo in grass-limited Eastern Cape thicket should be considered browsers. Although these anomalous findings were initially accepted, but later challenged, the browse-dominated diet continues to be used as a foundation for hypotheses on the diet of healthy animals. Consequently, the debate around buffalo as browsers or grazers in thicket has not yet been settled. We describe the diet of buffalo in the Addo Elephant National Park and include data from other published work from the region to test the importance of grass in buffalo diet. We show that the diet is dominated by grasses, even in grass-limited thicket, and that browse species are seldom dominant foods. Thus, there is no empirical evidence to corroborate the notion that buffalo switch their diet to browse when grass availability is low. In an attempt to advance our understanding of buffalo foraging in thicket, we reiterate that De Graaff’s work is not a valid measure of buffalo diet in succulent thicket and that additional testing of the browser–grazer hypothesis is not needed.Conservation implications: Our results confirm that buffalo are grazers, rather than browsers, in grass-limited Eastern Cape thicket. Thus, additional testing of the browser–grazer hypothesis for buffalo in the region is not needed.
Patriarchy Reinvented? ‘Spiritual Parenting’ within African Pentecostalism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Zorodzai 
Published: February 2018

How do we explain the emergency of ‘spiritual parenting’ concept within African Pentecostal churches especially in urban Zimbabwe? From ethnographic studies done in Harare, Zimbabwe, these seem to usurp the traditional role of motherhood and fatherhood of counselling, instructing, protecting, guidance and all the functions of parenthood. This study explains the emergence of spiritual parenting as a development plausibly explainable through social variables such as i) the disintegration of traditional patriarchal values due to growing urbanisation and ii) socio-economic insecurities that seem to produce alternative kinship ties. Taking a constructive postmodern approach, the concept of spiritual parenting is plausibly explained as providing alternative ‘fatherhood’ spaces, thus implicitly re-invent traditional patriarchal models under the guise of Christian spiritualities. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Using social scientific approaches, the study explains the emergence of particular spiritualties in modern African Christianity, viewing such spiritualties as influenced by particular explanatory social variables. It argues that new spiritualties and practices within African Pentecostalism may be plausibly explained vis-à-vis from particular cultural realities.
Die Verschränkung von Umwelt und Wohnwelt – Grüne &lt;i&gt;smart homes&lt;/i&gt; aus der Perspektive der pluralen Sphärologie
Authors: Folkers Andreas , Marquardt Nadine 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This paper links two strands of Peter Sloterdijk's sphere project – his theory of the environment and his theory of dwelling – and mobilizes them for an analysis of entanglements between spaces of the environment and the space of the home in contemporary sustainability policies and smart home experiments. First, we retrace how Sloterdijk's topology of the environment combines a historical phenomenological methodology with ecological thinking. In the next step, we discuss Sloterdijk's theory of dwelling, which is closely linked to his thinking of the environment and is central to his conception of a plural spherology, yet has so far largely been overlooked in the reception. Sloterdijk's emphasis on the importance of dwelling in the „world's inner space“ („Weltinnenraum“) under conditions of a no longer externalizable environment helps to theorize how humans dwell on this earth in the 21st century. In the third part of the paper, we bring together both themes – environment and dwelling – to analyze contemporary ecological and digital home experiments from the perspective of a plural spherology. By showing how recent digital experiments in „smart homes“ entangle spaces of dwelling with environmental concerns we build on Sloterdijk's analysis but also extend it with insights from STS and governmentality studies to better capture the power effects inherent to digitalized dwelling.
Eficiencia educativa en Honduras, años 2006 y 2011
Authors: González Martha Lineth 
Published: February 2018

La población en edad escolar es la porción de la población que comprende entre los cinco y los diecisiete años y demanda de forma constante servicios educativos de calidad. Para conocer las demandas de la población en edad escolar es necesario conocer la distribución de la misma, atendiendo a variables como sexo, edad, departamento y área de residencia. Tras ese análisis se puede afirmar que la población en edad escolar se distribuye de forma desigual. La cobertura educativa ha presentado grandes logros para las personas en edades que corresponden a los dos primeros ciclos de la educación básica, evidenciándose un descenso de la cobertura en el tercer ciclo. El nivel de educación pre básica presentó mayores logros de 2006 a 2011, especialmente por los esfuerzos para la universalización de este nivel. La inversión en educación ha descendido pero este factor no ha impedido logros notables en la cobertura, aunque en algunos departamentos no se justifica los montos invertidos dados los descensos en la cobertura. En vista que las demandas sociales son crecientes y de carácter cambiante y que la población en edad escolar no está exenta de transformaciones; se prevé que para 2021 los niveles educativos que se revestirán de mayor demanda serán el nivel educativo medio y superior, condición que debe considerarse de forma directa en la planificación estatal de la educación nacional.
La violencia en países del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (TNCA). Análisis retrospectivo, 1999-2015
Authors: Benavides Osorto Marco Vinicio 
Published: February 2018

En este artículo trata de la violencia del TNCA (Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica), con las tasas de homicidios intencionales más altas del planeta, siendo en el 2015, El Salvador (83,5), Honduras (57), Guatemala (34.9), afectados en su orden por altos índices de violencia. En los tres casos, las cifras sobrepasan el promedio mundial de 6.2 por cada 100 mil habitantes estipulado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Por su parte la ONU define la región como la más mortífera del mundo, donde uno de cada 50 hombres morirá asesinado antes de los 31 años. El Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (TNCA) –Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador– cuenta con una población aproximada de 31 millones de habitantes y 242.4 mil kilómetros cuadrados, lidera los índices de migración y criminalidad en la región, las altas tasas de homicidios, solo se comparan con zonas en guerra como Siria y Afganistán, países que están por encima del umbral de los 10 homicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes, situación que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera como un problema epidémico. La metodología empleada es un análisis de tipo descriptivo, transversal, comparativo durante los años 1999-2015. En el periodo 1999- 2015 en los países del TNCA fallecieron por homicidio violento un total de 217,333 personas. Se compararon datos entre países de Triángulo Norte, durante los últimos 17 años, se tomó en cuenta los homicidios intencionales reportados por las diversas agencias gubernamentales de cada país. La fuente de datos consultados fue: INACIF (Guatemala), COEPOL (Honduras), IML (El Salvador). La situación de violencia en la región ha sido catalogada como un fenómeno multicausal, atribuyen la creciente violencia a la influencia del narcotráfico, altos niveles de corrupción, violencia intrafamiliar, organización eficiente de grupos delictivos, factores que contribuyen al aumento y profundización de la delincuencia y el crimen organizado, que se reflejan en estructuras militares, estructuras políticas y estructuras sociales. Las maras y pandillas constituyen un factor que contribuye al incremento de la violencia al servicio al tráfico de drogas y de personas que contratan sus servicios como sicarios, distribución y venta de droga, lo que ha provocado el aumento delconsumo local y de la conflictividad social en los tres países.