bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ethics in data governance of large neuro-ICT projects
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten , Rainey Stephen , Harris Emma , Fothergill B Tyr 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe describe current practices of ethics-related data governance in large neuro-ICT projects, identify gaps in current practice, and put forward recommendations on how to collaborate ethically in complex regulatory and normative contexts.MethodsWe undertake a survey of published principles of data governance of large neuro-ICT projects. This grounds an approach to a normative analysis of current data governance approaches.ResultsSeveral ethical issues are well covered in the data governance policies of neuro-ICT projects, notably data protection and attribution of work. Projects use a set of similar policies to ensure users behave appropriately. However, many ethical issues are not covered at all. Implementation and enforcement of policies remain vague.ConclusionsThe data governance policies we investigated indicate that the neuro-ICT research community is currently close-knit and that shared assumptions are reflected in infrastructural aspects. This explains why many ethical issues are not explicitly included in data governance policies at present. With neuro-ICT research growing in scale, scope, and international involvement, these shared assumptions should be made explicit and reflected in data governance.
Deterrence of Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
Authors: Quayle Ethel , Koukopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: April 2018

Abstract‘Cyberspace’ has added a dimension to the ecology of the child and should be a starting point for practitioners (including police) to think about digital media in the context of child sexual abuse. While there is no evidence to suggest that online abuse and exploitation is a more serious offence than crimes occurring offline, the behaviours enabled by social media may present a significant risk factor for some children. This article gives a brief overview of the phenomena and prevalence of online child sexual abuse and exploitation and the role that the Internet may play. This is considered in relation to deterrence, prevention and management of these crimes, and further develops a public health approach to online child abuse and exploitation. Finally, the article critically considers emerging evidence to support this interaction between the individual and the online environment.
Trends in Use of Midodrine in the ICU: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Rizvi Mahrukh S. , Trivedi Vrinda , Nasim Faria , Lin Erica , Kashyap Rahul , Andrijasevic Nicole , Gajic Ognjen 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
Midodrine is an oral alpha-agonist approved for orthostatic hypotension. The use of midodrine as a vasopressor sparing agent has steadily increased in the ICU despite limited evidence for its safety in that setting. We describe the trends in use and reported side effects and complications of midodrine in multidisciplinary ICUs of a tertiary care institution.

Design:
Single-center retrospective case series.

Setting:
Medical and surgical ICU patients from January 2011 to October 2016 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester.

Patients:
Adult patients admitted to any ICU who received midodrine for hypotension were eligible.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We reviewed the mean arterial pressures and cumulative vasopressor dose before and after midodrine administration and assessed for reported complications. During the study period, a total of 1,119 patients were initiated on midodrine, 56% in surgical ICUs, 42% in medical ICUs, and 2% in a mixed medical and surgical neurology ICU. There was a significant decrease in the number of patients on vasopressors 24 hours after initiation of midodrine (663 to 344; p < 0.001); among the patients that remained on vasopressors, there was a significant decrease in the median cumulative vasopressor dose (p = 0.002). There was a significant increase in median mean arterial pressure 24 hours after initiation of midodrine among patients who were not on vasopressors (65–68; p < 0.01). Asymptomatic bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats/min) was the most common side effect (n = 172 patients, median 39 beats/min). Two patients developed bowel ischemia after initiation of midodrine that prompted discontinuation of midodrine in one case. Evaluating trends of utilization, the off-label use of midodrine has increased steadily over the years across ICUs.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that midodrine is being increasingly used as an adjunct to increase mean arterial pressure and facilitate weaning of vasopressors in the ICU. Prospective trials are required to further establish the appropriate timing, efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of midodrine use in ICU patients.
Anterior Chamber Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Injection for the Management of Postsurgery Hypotony in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Gotzaridis Stratos V. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Mela Vasiliki A. , Xanthopoulou Paraskevi , Kymionis George D. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to describe a new technique involving the injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in the anterior chamber (A/C) for the management of hypotony in patients with previous glaucoma surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Seven patients were included in this prospective case series. All patients had advanced glaucoma that was managed surgically either by trabeculectomy (6 patients) or Ahmed valve (1 patient). All patients presented with intraocular pressure (IOP) <7 mm Ηg, shallow A/C, and ultrasound images of choroidal detachment and ciliary body detachment. Patients’ hypotony was treated by 0.4 to 0.6 mL of 100% pure SF6 injection in the A/C followed by supine posture. The purpose of this injection was dual: to displace the ciliary body to its normal position and restore aqueous humor normal production, and to block aqueous humor outflow through bubble formation, causing an increase in IOP.

Results:
Surgical technique was successful in all 7 patients with IOP normalization (>10 mm Hg) and A/C depth increase within the first week after surgery.

Conclusion:
A new surgical technique of SF6 injection in the A/C for patients with choroidal detachment and hypotony shows promising results.
Similar Performance of Trabectome and Ahmed Glaucoma Devices in a Propensity Score-matched Comparison
Authors: Esfandiari Hamed , Shazly Tarek A. , Waxman Susannah A. , Kola Sushma , Kaplowitz Kevin B. , Brown Eric N. , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:To apply propensity score matching to Ahmed glaucoma drainage implants (AGI) to trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). Recent data suggest that AIT can produce results similar to AGI traditionally reserved for more severe glaucoma.Methods:AGI and AIT patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. The primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, and a Glaucoma Index (GI) score. GI reflected glaucoma severity based on visual field, the number of preoperative medications, and preoperative IOP. Score matching used a genetic algorithm consisting of age, sex, type of glaucoma, concurrent phacoemulsification, baseline number of medications, and baseline IOP. Patients without a close match were excluded.Results:Of 152 patients, 34 AIT patients were matched to 32 AGI patients. Baseline characteristics including ethnicity, IOP, the number of medications, glaucoma type, the degree of visual field loss and GI were not significantly different between AIT and AGI. AIT had a preoperative IOP of 23.6±8.1 mm Hg compared with 26.5+10.6 mm Hg for AGI. At 12 months, the mean IOP was 15.0±9 mm Hg for AIT versus 15.0±4 mm Hg for AGI (P=0.8), whereas the number of drops was 2.3±2.2 for AIT versus 3.6±1.3 for AGI (P=0.016). Only 6 AIT patients (17.6%) required further surgery within the first 12 months versus 9 (28%) for AGI. Success, defined as IOP<21 mm Hg, <20% reduction and no reoperation, was achieved in 76% of AIT versus 69% of AGI (P=0.48). Complications occurred in 13% of AGI and 0.8% of AIT.Conclusions:A propensity score-matched comparison of AIT and AGI showed an equivalent IOP reduction through 1 year. Surprisingly, the AGI group required more glaucoma medications than the AIT group at 6 and 12 months.
Association Between the Deep-layer Microvasculature Dropout and the Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma
Authors: Suh Min Hee , Park Jun Woo , Kim Hae Rang 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To compare the visual field (VF) sensitivity according to the presence of parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout (MvD_P) and focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect.

Materials and Methods:
Among 158 open-angle glaucoma patients, 4 groups were formed according to the presence of MvD_P and focal LC defect determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain OCT, respectively: (1) eyes without either focal LC defect or MvD_P (group 1); (2) eyes with focal LC defect but no MvD_P (group 2); (3) eyes without focal LC defect but with MvD_P (group 3); (4) eyes with both focal LC defect and MvD_P (group 4). VF sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were compared among the 4 groups for global area and 6 sectors.

Results:
Both RNFL thickness and VF sensitivity differed among the 4 groups in all areas other than the nasal and superonasal sectors for RNFL thickness. On post hoc analysis, eyes with MvD_P (groups 3 and 4) had significantly worse VF sensitivity than group 2 [P<0.05, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)] in all areas except the superotemporal and temporal sectors, whereas the RNFL thicknesses did not differ (P>0.05, 1-way ANOVA) in any areas except the superotemporal sector.

Conclusions:
Eyes with MvD_P had worse VF sensitivity than those without MvD_P, and VF difference was more distinguished than differences of axonal loss and focal LC change. Further studies on the temporal relationship between the MvD_P and glaucomatous VF progression are warranted.
Antibiotic Overuse in Premature Low Birth Weight Infants in a Developing Country
Authors: Rueda Maria S. , Calderon-Anyosa Renzo , Gonzales Jorge , Turin Christie G. , Zea-Vera Alonso , Zegarra Jaime , Bellomo Sicilia , Cam Luis , Castaneda Anne , Ochoa Theresa J. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, especially in premature and low birth weight infants. Prompt antibiotic therapy is warranted, but its inappropriate use leads to bacterial resistance and adverse outcomes. Our objective is to describe the antibiotic use for late-onset sepsis in Peruvian premature infants.

Methods:
This study is a prospective study as a secondary analysis of a clinical trial in 3 neonatal care units in Peru. We included infants in the first 72 hours of life, with birth weight (BW) <2000 g. We described the antibiotic use as length of therapy (LOT) per 1000 patient days (PD) and antibiotic courses.

Results:
We included 408 neonates, with 12,204 PD of follow-up; 253 infants (62%) had a BW ≤1500 g. Total antibiotic use for late-onset sepsis was 2395 LOT (196 LOT/1000 PD). Two-hundred and seventy-one patients (66.4%) did not receive antibiotics for late-onset sepsis during their hospitalization. In total, 204 antibiotic courses were administered; 92 infants (22.5%) received 1 course, and 45 (11.0%) received 2–5 antibiotic courses. Mean duration of antibiotic course was 10.8 days (standard deviation: ±7.3). We found a significant association between a lower BW and increased antibiotic use per day (P < 0.001). The most commonly used antibiotics were vancomycin (143 LOT/1000 PD), carbapenems (115 LOT/1000 PD), aminoglycosides (72 LOT/1000 PD) and ampicillin (41 LOT/1000 PD).

Conclusions:
Premature infants receive antibiotics for longer than recommended periods of time. Antibiotic overuse is greater in neonates with lower BW. Vancomycin is the most used antibiotic. There is an urgent need to develop antimicrobial stewardship programs in our setting.
Genetic Relatedness of Staphylococcus haemolyticus in Gut and Skin of Preterm Neonates and Breast Milk of Their Mothers
Authors: Soeorg Hiie , Metsvaht Hanna Kadri , Keränen Evamaria Elisabet , Eelmäe Imbi , Merila Mirjam , Ilmoja Mari-Liis , Metsvaht Tuuli , Lutsar Irja 
Published: April 2018

Background:

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a common colonizer and cause of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm neonates. By describing genetic relatedness, we aimed to determine whether mother’s breast milk (BM) is a source of S. haemolyticus colonizing neonatal gut and skin and/or causing LOS.

Methods:

S. haemolyticus was isolated from stool and skin swabs of 49 BM-fed preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, 20 healthy BM-fed term neonates and BM of mothers once a week and typed by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis and multilocus sequence typing. Virulence-related genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Compared with term neonates, S. haemolyticus colonized more commonly gut (35% vs. 89.9%; P < 0.001) and skin (50% vs. 91.8%; P < 0.001) of preterm neonates and mothers’ BM (15% vs. 38.8%). Isolates from preterm compared with term neonates and their mothers carried more commonly the mecA gene (83.5% vs. 5.4%; P < 0.001) and IS256 (52.4% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.001) and belonged to clonal complex 29 (89.1% vs. 63%; P = 0.014). Only 7 (14.3%) preterm and 3 (15%) term neonates were colonized in gut or on skin with multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis types indistinguishable from those in BM. Most frequent multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis types belonged to sequence type 3 or 42, comprised 71.1%–78.4% of isolates from preterm neonates/mothers and caused all 7 LOS episodes. LOS-causing strain colonized the gut of 4/7 and the skin of 5/7 neonates, but not BM, before onset of LOS.

Conclusions:

S. haemolyticus colonizing gut and skin or causing LOS in preterm neonates rarely originate from BM but are mecA-positive strains adapted to hospital environment.
Chronic Neutropenia in Children With Abscess Forming Cervical Lymphadenitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Asakura Mari , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Shoji Kensuke , Karakawa Shuhei , Ishiguro Akira , Miyairi Isao 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Suppurative cervical lymphadenitis is rare in children with limited information about the frequency of neutropenia in any series.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients in whom suppurative cervical lymphadenitis was diagnosed between April 2011 and March 2016 at a tertiary children’s hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Microbiologically confirmed cases of cervical lymphadenitis with abscess formation were included in the analysis.

Results:
Twenty-five patients (median age, 1 yr old; 64% female) with abscess formation caused by Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Among these 25 patients, 5 (20%) met the criteria for chronic neutropenia and 4 (80%) received the final diagnosis of autoimmune neutropenia based on the identification of the serum anti-CD16 antibodies.

Conclusions:
Chronic neutropenia and autoimmune neutropenia were relatively common among infants with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis caused by S. aureus.
Itraconazole-Related Hypertension
Authors: Kline David A. , Lindholm David A. , Glenn Keith , Conger Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2018

Background
Itraconazole is the oral antifungal agent of choice for the treatment of histoplasmosis. Rarely, it can cause cardiovascular adverse effects, including hypokalemia, congestive heart failure, edema, and hypertension.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of 12 patients who had been on courses of itraconazole between April 20, 2016, and April 19, 2017. By reviewing blood pressure measurements, medications, and symptoms on clinic visits, we were able to ascertain temporal changes related to the initiation of itraconazole.

Results
We report a case series of 5 patients who developed new or worsening hypertension while treated with itraconazole.

Conclusions
Our rate of hypertension was higher than anticipated compared with the package insert rate of 2% to 3%. Given the frequent necessity of prolonged itraconazole treatment and its suspected pathophysiology, prescribers should be aware of itraconazole's cardiovascular effects and should consider investigation into antimineralocorticoid therapies (eg, spironolactone) to limit its adverse effects.
Pantoea Infections in Cancer Patients
Authors: Pandya Shuchi , Aslam Sadaf , Shenoy Rahul , Denham James Dustin , Nanjappa Sowmya , Greene John N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Enterobacter agglomerans) is a ubiquitous Gram-negative rod found in the soil. Historically, it was considered a contaminant in intravenous fluids, Propofol, and total parenteral nutrition. Recently, it has been described as a cause of suppurative arthritis after penetrating injuries with thorns. We describe a unique series of Pantoae spp infections occurring in cancer patients at an academic cancer hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of Pantoea species infection at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute. Ten patients with positive culture of P. agglomerans were identified from blood, sputum, and wound culture specimens. Our case series indicates that infections due to P. agglomerans are rare but notable in patients with both hematologic and solid-tumor malignancies. Generally, the clinical course of Pantoea infection is mild and proper antibiotic treatment leads to full recovery.
11C-Methionine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Versus 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Residual or Recurrent World Health Organization Grades II and III Meningioma After Treatment
Authors: Tomura Noriaki , Saginoya Toshiyuki , Goto Hiromi 
Published: April 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the assessment of positron emission tomography–computed tomography using 11C-methionine (MET PET/CT) for World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III meningiomas; MET PET/CT was compared with PET/CT using 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG PET/CT).

Methods
This study was performed in 17 cases with residual and/or recurrent WHO grades II and III meningiomas. Two neuroradiologists reviewed both PET/CT scans. For agreement, the κ coefficient was measured. Difference in tumor-to-normal brain uptake ratios (T/N ratios) between 2 PET/CT scans was analyzed. Correlation between the maximum tumor size and T/N ratio in PET/CT was studied.

Results
For agreement by both reviewers, the κ coefficient was 0.51 (P < 0.05). The T/N ratio was significantly higher for MET PET/CT (3.24 ± 1.36) than for FDG PET/CT (0.93 ± 0.44) (P < 0.01). 11C-methionine ratio significantly correlated with tumor size (y = 8.1x + 16.3, n = 22, P < 0.05), but FDG ratio did not

Conclusions

11C-methionine PET/CT has superior potential for imaging of WHO grades II and III meningiomas with residual or recurrent tumors compared with FDG PET/CT.
Imaging Findings in Papillary Breast Lesions: An Analysis of Ductal Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound
Authors: Sarica Ozgur , Dokdok Murat 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the imaging features of dilated ducts or ductal extension/relation of masses detected by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate the results obtained through these 2 different imaging methods. Furthermore, the ability of the ductal relation pattern in differentiating benign and malignant lesions was explored.

Methods and Materials
Magnetic resonance imaging and US findings of 56 patients who had a pathologic diagnosis of papillary lesion were examined. Ductal findings were classified into four types for both imaging methods: intraductal form, extraductal form, mixed form, and no ductal relation. The correlation between MRI and US was then analyzed with respect to ductal findings. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the value of ductal patterns determined by these 2 imaging methods in the differentiation of benign and malignant papillary lesions.

Results
A total of 56 cases with papillomatosis (n = 11), papillomas (n = 29), and papillary breast carcinomas (n = 16) were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between all ductal patterns on US and the corresponding ductal signs on MRI. Palpable masses were statistically more common in patients with papillary breast carcinoma compared with other groups (P < 0.01). Segmental contrast enhancement occurred at a significantly higher rate in papillary breast carcinoma and papillomatosis patients, as compared with papilloma patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Actual resolution of MRI is close to that of US in terms of the ability to demonstrate the ductal relation of masses. Segmental contrast enhancement on MRI and nonmass-like heterogeneous hypoechoic area or mass with multiple ductal extensions on US can be used in discriminating benign versus malignant papillary lesions. The absence of ductal sign in MRI indicates benignity.
Solid Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: Magnetic Resonance Mammography, Digital Mammography, and Ultrasound Findings
Authors: You Chao , Peng Weijun , Shen Xuxia , Zhi Wenxiang , Yang Wentao , Gu Yajia 
Published: April 2018

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the MR mammography (MRM), digital mammography (DM), and ultrasound (US) findings of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of breast and to raise awareness of this rare breast tumor.

Material and Methods
Thirty patients diagnosed with breast SPC (age range, 21–72; mean age, 60.27 years) from January 2013 to August 2015 were enrolled. Their clinical presentation and MRM, DM, and US findings were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent both MRM and US, and 20 of them underwent DM. The research primarily investigated MRM features correlated with clinicopathological characteristics.

Results
Of all the patients, 13 were pure SPC in suit, whereas 17 were microinvasive SPC. The detection rates of US, DM, and magnetic resonance imaging for SPC were 30%, 50%, and 100%, respectively, and there were no specific imaging features on DM and US. The most common MRM appearances were located in the retroareolar area (16/30, 53.34%) with T2WI hyperintensity (24/30, 80%) and ductal ectasia (18/30, 60%). Non–mass enhancement of a linear or segmental distribution (17/18, 94.44%) together with clumped enhancement (12/18, 66.66%) and mass with a rim (6/12, 50%) or heterogeneous (6/12, 50%) enhancement were 2 of the typical enhancement features of SPC. Compared with pure SPC, SPC with microinvasive showed larger size of the lesion (t = 1.083, P = 0.026).

Conclusion
Although SPC was difficult to detect in both DM and US, MRM gave better detection of this rare tumor. The MRM characteristics of SPC were distinct and highly similar to its clinicopathological features.