bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative deprivation and disordered gambling in youths
Authors: Elgar Frank J , Canale Natale , Wohl Michael J A , Lenzi Michela , Vieno Alessio 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPrevious research has found that area-level income inequality and individual-level relative deprivation both contribute to disordered gambling in adults. However, the socioeconomic factors that contribute to disordered gambling in youths and protective factors in their social environment have not been fully explored. This study examined the association between relative deprivation and youth disordered gambling and the potential moderating role of social support in this association.MethodsWe used data on family material assets and self-reported symptoms of disordered gambling symptoms in 19 321 participants of the 2013/2014 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Relative deprivation was measured using the Yitzhaki index and classmates as a social reference group. Its association with disordered gambling was tested using multilevel negative binomial regression analyses. We also tested moderated effects of relative deprivation on disordered gambling by four sources of social support: families, peers, teachers and classmates.ResultsRelative deprivation related to a fourfold increase in the rate of disordered gambling symptoms (incidence rate ratio=4.18) after differences in absolute family wealth and other variables were statistically controlled. Symptoms were also more prevalent in males, first-generation immigrants and less supported youth. Peer support moderated the association between relative deprivation and symptoms, suggesting that high deprivation and low peer support have interactive links to disordered gambling.ConclusionRelative deprivation among classmates relate to youth symptoms of disordered gambling. Youth who live in economically unequal settings and perceive a lack of social support may be at greatest risk.
Obesity and its association with sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Thurber Katherine Ann , Joshy Grace , Korda Rosemary , Eades Sandra J , Wade Vicki , Bambrick Hilary , Liu Bette , Banks Emily 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is the second leading contributor to Australia’s burden of disease and is particularly prevalent among Aboriginal peoples. This paper aims to provide insight into factors relating to obesity among Aboriginal adults and Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal differences.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of data from the 45 and Up Study, comparing obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) prevalence and risk factors among 1515 Aboriginal and 213 301 non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales. Age–sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for obesity by sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status were estimated (multivariable log-binomial regression) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants separately. We quantified the extent to which key factors (physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness, area-level disadvantage) accounted for any excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ResultsObesity prevalence was 39% among Aboriginal and 22% among non-Aboriginal participants (PR=1.65, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.76). Risk factors for obesity were generally similar for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants and included individual-level and area-level disadvantage, physical inactivity, and poor physical and mental health, with steeper gradients observed among non-Aboriginal participants for some factors (Pinteraction<0.05). Many risk factors were more common among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants; key factors accounted for >40% of the excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ConclusionA substantial proportion of the excess obesity prevalence among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants was explained by physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness and area-level disadvantage. Socioeconomic and health behaviour factors are potential targets for promoting healthy BMI, but these must be considered within the context of upstream social and cultural factors. Adults with health needs and disability require particular attention.
Homozygous CHST11 mutation in chondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, overriding digits, clino-symphalangism and synpolydactyly
Authors: Shabbir Rana Muhammad Kamran , Nalbant Gökhan , Ahmad Nafees , Malik Sajid , Tolun Aslıhan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundCarbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) is a membrane protein of Golgi that catalyses the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residues of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate is the predominant proteoglycan in cartilage, and its sulfation is important in the developing growth plate of cartilage. A homozygous deletion encompassing part of the gene and the embedded miRNA MIR3922 had been detected in a woman with hand/foot malformation and malignant lymphoproliferative disease. Chst11-deficient mouse has severe chondrodysplasia, congenital arthritis and neonatal lethality. We searched for the causative variant for the unusual combination of limb malformations with variable expressivity accompanied by skeletal defects in a consanguineous Pakistani kindred.MethodsWe performed detailed clinical investigations in family members. Homozygosity mapping using SNP genotype data was performed to map the disease locus and exome sequencing to identify the underlying molecular defect.ResultsThe limb malformations include brachydactyly, overriding digits and clino-symphalangism in hands and feet and syndactyly and hexadactyly in feet. Skeletal defects include scoliosis, dislocated patellae and fibulae and pectus excavatum. The disease locus is mapped to a 1.6 Mb region at 12q23, harbouring a homozygous in-frame deletion of 15 nucleotides in CHST11. Novel variant c.467_481del (p.L156_N160del) is deduced to lead to the deletion of five evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids and predicted as damaging to protein by in silico analysis. Our findings confirm the crucial role of CHST11 in skeletal morphogenesis and show that CHST11 defects have variable manifestations that include a variety of limb malformations and skeletal defects.
Multiplex genomewide association analysis of breast milk fatty acid composition extends the phenotypic association and potential selection of FADS1 variants to arachidonic acid, a critical infant micronutrient
Authors: Mychaleckyj Josyf C , Nayak Uma , Colgate E Ross , Zhang Dadong , Carstensen Tommy , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Ahmed Tahmeed , Mentzer Alexander J , Alam Masud , Kirkpatrick Beth D , Haque Rashidul , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Petri Jr William A 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundBreast milk is the sole nutrition source during exclusive breastfeeding, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) are critical micronutrients in infant physical and cognitive development. There has been no prior genomewide association study of breast milk, hence our objective was to test for genetic association with breast milk FA composition.MethodsWe measured the fractional composition of 26 individual FAs in breast milk samples from three cohorts totalling 1142 Bangladeshi mothers whose infants were genotyped on the Illumina MEGA chip and replicated on a custom Affymetrix 30K SNP array (n=616). Maternal genotypes were imputed using IMPUTE.ResultsAfter running 33 separate FA fraction phenotypes, we found that SNPs known to be associated with serum FAs in the FADS1/2/3 region were also associated with breast milk FA composition (experiment-wise significance threshold 4.2×10−9). Hypothesis-neutral comparison of the 33 fractions showed that the most significant genetic association at the FADS1/2/3 locus was with fraction of arachidonic acid (AA) at SNP rs174556, with a very large per major allele effect size of 17% higher breast milk AA level. There was no evidence of independent association at FADS1/2/3 with any other FA or SNP after conditioning on AA and rs174556. We also found novel significant experiment-wise SNP associations with: polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 6/PUFA3 ratio (sorting nexin 29), eicosenoic (intergenic) and capric (component of oligomeric Golgi complex 3) acids; and six additional loci at genomewide significance (<5×10−8).ConclusionsAA is the primary FA in breast milk influenced by genetic variation at the FADS1/2/3 locus, extending the potential phenotypes under genetic selection to include breast milk composition, thereby possibly affecting infant growth or cognition. Breast milk FA composition is influenced by maternal genetics in addition to diet and body composition.
Characteristics of and risk factors for death in elderly patients with acute kidney injury: a multicentre retrospective study in China
Authors: Liu Jie-Qiong , Cai Guang-Yan , Liang Shuang , Wang Wen-Ling , Wang Si-Yang , Zhu Fang-Lei , Nie Sa-Sa , Feng Zhe , Chen Xiang-Mei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurpose of the studyThe incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a poor prognosis in the elderly has been increasing each year. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of and risk factors for death from AKI in the elderly and help improve prognosis.Study designThis study was a retrospective cohort study based on data from adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted to 15 hospitals in China between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011. The characteristics of AKI in the elderly were compared with those in younger patients.ResultsIn elderly patients with AKI, rates of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were higher than in younger patients (44.2% vs 31.2%, 16.1% vs 4.6% and 20.9% vs 16.9%, respectively), the length of ICU stay was longer (3.8 days vs 2.7 days, P=0.019) and renal biopsy (1.0% vs 7.13%, P&lt;0.001) and dialysis (9.6% vs 19.2%, P&lt;0.001) were performed less. Hospital-acquired (HA) AKI was more common than community-acquired (CA) AKI (60.3% vs 39.7%), while the most common cause of AKI was pre-renal (53.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.041, 95% CI 1.023 to 1.059), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.980, 95% CI 1.402 to 2.797), cancer (OR 2.302, 95% CI 1.654 to 3.203), MODS (OR 3.023, 95% CI 1.627 to 5.620) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.408, 95% CI 1.187 to 4.887) were significant risk factors for death.ConclusionsHA-AKI and pre-renal AKI were more common in the elderly. Age, cardiovascular disease, cancer, MODS and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for death in the elderly with AKI.
Potential role of lithospheric mantle composition in the Wilson cycle: a North Atlantic perspective
Authors: Chenin Pauline , Picazo Suzanne , Jammes Suzon , Manatschal Gianreto , Müntener Othmar , Karner Garry 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although the Wilson cycle is usually considered in terms of wide oceans floored with normal oceanic crust, numerous orogens result from the closure of embryonic oceans. We discuss how orogenic and post-orogenic processes may be controlled by the size/maturity of the inverted basin. We focus on the role of lithospheric mantle in controlling deformation and the magmatic budget. We describe the physical properties (composition, density, rheology) of three types of mantle: inherited, fertilized and depleted oceanic mantle. By comparing these, we highlight that fertilized mantle underlying embryonic oceans is mechanically weaker, less dense and more fertile than other types of mantle. We suggest that orogens resulting from the closure of a narrow, immature extensional system are essentially controlled by mechanical processes without significant thermal and lithological modification. The underlying mantle is fertile and thus has a high potential for magma generation during subsequent tectonic events. Conversely, the thermal state and lithology of orogens resulting from the closure of a wide, mature ocean are largely modified by subduction-related arc magmatism. The underlying mantle wedge is depleted, which may inhibit magma generation during post-orogenic extension. These end-member considerations are supported by observations derived from the Western Europe–North Atlantic region.
Quarrying Companies Royal Engineers in World War I: a geologically constrained innovation to support British armies on the Western Front
Authors: Rose Edward P. F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Quarrying Companies were a new type of unit first raised within the Royal Engineers in World War I. Thirteen served in northern France, on the Western Front: two from late 1916 (198 and 199 Quarrying Companies) and 11 more from 1917 (320–329 and 348 Quarrying Companies). Recruited from Great Britain, Ireland and the Channel Island of Guernsey, each consisted of four officers and 264 soldiers; over 3000 men in total, assisted by
c.
4000 less skilled labourers. They were used to support the British Expeditionary Force by providing ‘stone’, mostly from existing quarries near Marquise, NE of the port of Boulogne. There they excavated Devonian and Carboniferous ‘limestones’ in the Ferques Inlier, relatively strong rocks within a region of wide Mesozoic and Cenozoic outcrop. As the British Expeditionary Force expanded to a peak of five armies and
c.
1.5 million troops, ‘stone’ was required for the enhancement or repair of the roads, railways and associated facilities that formed a crucial element of its infrastructure, essential for the efficient movement of soldiers and their copious supplies of food, stores and ammunition. The requirement ceased soon after the end of hostilities and all Quarrying Companies Royal Engineers were disbanded in 1919.
Tunnelling Companies Royal Engineers in World War II: excavation of bomb-proof facilities in France, Gibraltar, Malta and the UK
Authors: Rose Edward P. F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
170 Tunnelling Company Royal Engineers left England in January 1940 to excavate bomb-proof military headquarters in northern France. Expansion into companies 170, 171, 172 and 173 was delayed when the British Expeditionary Force was defeated and evacuated, but completed in England in July to excavate accommodation underground for regional headquarters and artillery batteries – mostly in Cretaceous chalk. Companies 178, 179 and 180 formed in England in May–June 1940, and 178 and 180 soon deployed to Gibraltar, joined by 170 in 1941 and successively by 1st and 2nd Tunnelling Companies Royal Canadian Engineers. They excavated a major complex of tunnels and chambers within Jurassic dolomitic limestone by October 1943 to help fortify the rocky peninsula, work completed by a single company (172) thereafter. Companies 183, 184 and 185 joined 179 in 1941 to emplace ‘Canadian pipe mines’ to inhibit the invasion of Britain. 173 served in Malta 1941–43, and 171 during 1943–45, excavating >50 bomb-proof facilities in Oligo-Miocene limestones, plus works to enhance the civilian water supply. By late 1943, all companies except 172 (Gibraltar) and 171 (Malta) were based in Britain. At least five were converted for general engineering use and no longer needed geological assistance.
The northern Atlantic Wall: German engineering geology work in Norway during World War II
Authors: Häusler Hermann 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
German forces occupied Norway from June 1940 to secure the strategically important iron ore railway from Lulea in Sweden to Narvik in Norway and to improve the German base for war against the UK. Increasing in number to a peak in 1943, by 1945 more than 60 German and Austrian military geoscientists had supported the army, air force and paramilitary construction agency, Organisation Todt, from 1942, mostly assisting fortification works along the Norwegian coast that formed part of the Atlantic Wall. In total, six military geology units (Wehrgeologenstellen) were deployed to support Army Headquarters Norway: WG18 and WG33 were assigned to the 17th Fortress Engineers in Oslo; WG22 to the 16th Fortress Engineers at Trondheim; WG3 and WG31 to the 15th Fortress Engineers at Narvik; and WG27, not for construction works, but to support the headquarters of Dietl's Lapland Army, operationally deployed SW of Murmansk. Engineering work at strategic locations also included airfields, U-boat pens, roads and railways. Military geologists contributed to tasks related both to the Precambrian/Paleozoic bedrock and to its locally thick Quaternary cover, notably pioneering applications of rock mechanics and soil mechanics for major excavations, and locating sources of raw materials and drinking water.
Trench construction and engineering geology on the Western Front, 1914–18
Authors: Doyle Peter 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Trench warfare became associated with the First World War from late 1914. Where possible, British and German trenches were laid out by military engineers in line with the most recent military manuals. The effectiveness of individual trenches was to a large extent controlled by the nature of the ground conditions. Engineering geology had a major part to play in slope stability (because the ideal for trenches was to maintain slopes in an over-steepened condition relative to normal angle of repose) and drainage (because excess surface and ground waters not only weakened trench slopes, but also created untenable conditions for the troops occupying their positions). Recent archaeological investigations in Belgium and northern France provided opportunities to examine slope engineering and drainage solutions for trenches in Paleogene clay–silt sediments and Cretaceous chalk. In Flanders, the failure of slope engineering early in the war led to the creation of A-frames to support slopes at the required batter, with the provision of drainage channels beneath duckboard walkways. In northern France, where frost-shattered chalk was close to the surface, drainage and slope support was less of a problem, although trenches cut through thick Quaternary deposits similarly required imaginative solutions.
Spatial and temporal cross-cutting relationships between fault structures and slope failures along the outer Kumano Basin and Nankai accretionary wedge, SW Japan
Authors: Lackey J. K. , Moore G. F. , Strasser M. , Kopf A. , Ferreira C. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

New, high-resolution multi-beam bathymetric data from RV
Sonne
cruise SO251 show a widely variable surface morphology along the southern Kumano Basin and Nankai accretionary prism off SW Japan. Combined with a three-dimensional seismic volume, these data provide insight into the ubiquitous and varied nature of faulting typical of accretionary prism settings, a high number of submarine landslides across the entire study area that vary both spatially and temporally, a pronounced absence of slide deposit bathymetric manifestations, widely varied slope angles and a potential subducted seamount scar. We have mapped scars of 442 primary and 184 secondary landslides and have measured the areas evacuated by these slides. Most of the slides are completely disintegrative, so surficial landslide deposits are almost absent. The incidence with which temporally sequential slope failures and fault structures cross-cut themselves and one another provides evidence of potential failure pre-conditioning such as gas hydrates, pore fluid overpressures and bottom current activity. Seismic loading and slope over-steepening are then the most likely final trigger mechanisms to slope failure. The majority of observed landslides (64%) occur seawards of the outer ridge, providing insight into the relationship between surficial landsliding and subsurface tectonic processes along this accretionary prism.
The nature of small to medium earthquakes along the Eastern Mediterranean passive continental margins, and their possible relationships to landslides and submarine salt-tectonic-related shallow faults
Authors: Katz Oded , Hamiel Yariv 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We analysed here, for the first time, 278 small to medium earthquakes that have occurred since 1985 along a 200 km section of the Levant passive continental margins, offshore Israel. The earthquakes are spatially overlapping with numerous submarine landslides and thin-skinned salt-tectonic-related faults scarps, bisecting the continental slope. Thus, we focus on the genetic relationship between the earthquakes, the faults and the landslides.
We found that a subgroup of 55 earthquakes is spatially overlapping with the marine extension of the Carmel Fault and thus might be of tectonic origin. A second subgroup, hosting approximately 130 earthquakes, is spatially overlapping with the longshore salt-tectonic-related submarine faults. However, due to the non-shallow focal depth of most of these earthquakes, salt tectonics was ruled out as their possible seismic origin. Thus, the seismic source for theanalysed earthquakes is yet to be revealed.
We further found that the observed medium earthquakes (M > 4) have a calculated reoccurrence time of more than 10 years and they are capable of inducing submarine slope failure within the studied area. Hence, they might play a role in submarine mass-wasting processes along the studied continental slope, and must now be considered in future hazard analysis.
Genetic Algorithms for Solving Problems of Access Control Design and Reconfiguration in Computer Networks
Authors: Saenko Igor , Kotenko Igor 
Published: March 2018

To create solutions for providing the required access control in computer networks it is not sufficient to have only tools and protocols in the network that are needed for it. It is necessary to create corresponding configuration, or scheme, of such tools, which will allow us to satisfy the existing security requirements. At the same time, the problems of creating an access control scheme, as a rule, are NP-complete and require heuristic models for their solving. In this article, we propose a unified approach to creation of control access schemes, based on usage of genetic algorithms. The approach is applied not only to original schemes configuration but to reconfiguration as well. Successful testing of the suggested approach on RBAC, VLAN, and VPN schemes allows us to suppose that it may be applied to other types of access control schemes as well. Experimental testing of suggested genetic algorithms, performed on a specially designed test bed, showed their sufficiently high efficiency.