bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic dissection of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS285 in symbiosis with Aeschynomene spp. inducing different bacteroid morphotypes with contrasted symbiotic efficiency
Authors: Lamouche Florian , Gully Djamel , Chaumeret Anaïs , Nouwen Nico , Verly Camille , Pierre Olivier , Sciallano Coline , Fardoux Joël , Jeudy Christian , Szücs Attila , Mondy Samuel , Salon Christophe , Nagy István , Kereszt Attila , Dessaux Yves , Giraud Eric , Mergaert Peter , Alunni Benoit 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo circumvent the paucity of nitrogen sources in the soil legume plants establish a symbiotic interaction with nitrogen‐fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. During symbiosis, the plants form root organs called nodules, where bacteria are housed intracellularly and become active nitrogen fixers known as bacteroids. Depending on their host plant, bacteroids can adopt different morphotypes, being either unmodified (U), elongated (E) or spherical (S). E‐ and S‐type bacteroids undergo a terminal differentiation leading to irreversible morphological changes and DNA endoreduplication. Previous studies suggest that differentiated bacteroids display an increased symbiotic efficiency (E > U and S > U). In this study, we used a combination of Aeschynomene species inducing E‐ or S‐type bacteroids in symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS285 to show that S‐type bacteroids present a better symbiotic efficiency than E‐type bacteroids. We performed a transcriptomic analysis on E‐ and S‐type bacteroids formed by Aeschynomene afraspera and Aeschynomene indica nodules and identified the bacterial functions activated in bacteroids and specific to each bacteroid type. Extending the expression analysis in E‐ and S‐type bacteroids in other Aeschynomene species by qRT‐PCR on selected genes from the transcriptome analysis narrowed down the set of bacteroid morphotype‐specific genes. Functional analysis of a selected subset of 31 bacteroid‐induced or morphotype‐specific genes revealed no symbiotic phenotypes in the mutants. This highlights the robustness of the symbiotic program but could also indicate that the bacterial response to the plant environment is partially anticipatory or even maladaptive. Our analysis confirms the correlation between differentiation and efficiency of the bacteroids and provides a framework for the identification of bacterial functions that affect the efficiency of bacteroids.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Role of systemic infection, cross contaminations and super‐shedders in Salmonella carrier state in chicken
Authors: Menanteau Pierrette , Kempf Florent , Trotereau Jérôme , Virlogeux‐Payant Isabelle , Gitton Edouard , Dalifard Julie , Gabriel Irene , Rychlik Ivan , Velge Philippe 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCarriage of Salmonella is often associated with a high level of bacterial excretion and generally occurs after a short systemic infection. However, we do not know whether this systemic infection is required or whether the carrier‐state corresponds to continuous reinfection or real persistence in caecal tissue. The use of a Salmonella Enteritidis bamB mutant demonstrated that a carrier‐state could be obtained in chicken in the absence of systemic infection. The development of a new infection model in isolator showed that a marked decrease in animal reinfection and host‐to‐host transmission between chicks led to a heterogeneity of S. Enteritidis excretion and colonization contrary to what was observed in cages. This heterogeneity of infection was characterized by the presence of super‐shedders, which constantly disseminated Salmonella to the low‐shedder chicks, mainly through airborne movements of contaminated dust particles. The presence of super‐shedders, in the absence of host‐to‐host transmission, demonstrated that constant reinfection was not required to induce a carrier‐state. Finally, our results suggest that low‐shedder chicks do not have a higher capability to destroy Salmonella but instead can block initial Salmonella colonization. This new paradigm opens new avenues to improve understanding of the carrier‐state mechanisms and to define new strategies to control Salmonella infections.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Metabolic flexibility of a prospective bioremediator: Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 challenged in chemostats
Authors: Marozava Sviatlana , Vargas‐López Raquel , Tian Ye , Merl‐Pham Juliane , Braster Martin , Meckenstock Rainer U. , Smidt Hauke , Röling Wilfred F.M. , Westerhoff Hans V. 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 has been widely used in investigations of perchloroethylene (PCE) biodegradation, but limited information exists on its other physiological capabilities. We investigated how D. hafniense Y51 confronts the debilitating limitations of not having enough electron donor (lactate), or electron acceptor (fumarate) during cultivation in chemostats. The residual concentrations of the substrates supplied in excess were much lower than expected. Transcriptomics, proteomics and fluxomics were integrated to investigate how this phenomenon was regulated. Through diverse regulation at both transcriptional and translational levels, strain Y51 turned to fermenting the excess lactate and disproportionating the excess fumarate under fumarate‐ and lactate‐limiting conditions respectively. Genes and proteins related to the utilization of a variety of alternative electron donors and acceptors absent from the medium were induced, apparently involving the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Through this metabolic flexibility, D. hafniense Y51 may be able to switch between different metabolic capabilities under limiting conditions.
Introducing the idea of ‘assumed shared food narratives’ in the context of social networks: reflections from a qualitative study conducted in Nottingham, England
Authors: Bissell Paul , Peacock Marian , Holdsworth Michelle , Powell Katie , Wilcox John , Clonan Angie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study explores the ways in which social networks might shape accounts about food practices. Drawing on insights from the work of Christakis and Fowler () whose claims about the linkages between obesity and social networks have been the subject of vigorous debate in the sociological literature, we present qualitative data from a study of women's’ accounts of social networks and food practices, conducted in Nottingham, England. We tentatively suggest that whilst social networks in their broadest sense, might shape what was perceived to be normal and acceptable in relation to food practices (and provide everyday discursive resources which normalise practice), the relationship between the two is more complex than the linear relationship proposed by Christakis and Fowler. Here, we introduce the idea of assumed shared food narratives (ASFNs), which, we propose, sheds light on motive talk about food practices, and which also provide practical and discursive resources to actors seeking to protect and defend against ‘untoward’ behaviour, in the context of public health messages around food and eating. We suggest that understanding ASFNs and the ways in which they are embedded in social networks represents a novel way of understanding food and eating practices from a sociological perspective.
Core outcome sets for prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: an international Delphi consensus study
Authors: Meher S , Cuthbert A , Kirkham JJ , Williamson P , Abalos E , Aflaifel N , Bhutta ZA , Bishop A , Blum J , Collins P , Devane D , Ducloy‐Bouthors A‐S , Fawole B , Gülmezoglu AM , Gutteridge K , Gyte G , Homer CSE , Mallaiah S , Smith JM , Weeks AD , Alfirevic Z 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo develop core outcome sets (COS) for studies evaluating interventions for (1) prevention and (2) treatment of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), and recommendations on how to report the COS.DesignA two‐round Delphi survey and face‐to‐face meeting.PopulationHealthcare professionals and women's representatives.MethodsOutcomes were identified from systematic reviews of PPH studies and stakeholder consultation. Participants scored each outcome in the Delphi on a Likert scale between 1 (not important) and 9 (critically important). Results were discussed at the face‐to‐face meeting to agree the final COS. Consensus at the meeting was defined as ≥ 70% of participants scoring the outcome as critically important (7–9). Lectures, discussion and voting were used to agree how to report COS outcomes.Main outcome measuresOutcomes from systematic reviews and consultations.ResultsBoth Delphi rounds were completed by 152/205 (74%) participants for prevention and 143/197 (73%) for treatment. For prevention of PPH, nine core outcomes were selected: blood loss, shock, maternal death, use of additional uterotonics, blood transfusion, transfer for higher level of care, women's sense of wellbeing, acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention, breastfeeding, and adverse effects. For treatment of PPH, 12 core outcomes were selected: blood loss, shock, coagulopathy, hysterectomy, organ dysfunction, maternal death, blood transfusion, use of additional haemostatic intervention, transfer for higher level of care, women's sense of wellbeing, acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention, breastfeeding, and adverse effects. Recommendations were developed on how to report these outcomes where possible.ConclusionsThese COS will help standardise outcome reporting in PPH trials.Tweetable abstractCore outcome sets for PPH: nine core outcomes for PPH prevention and 12 core outcomes for PPH treatment.
A cross‐sectional study on factors associated with patient–physician discordance in global assessment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis: an Asian perspective
Authors: Wang Charmaine Tze May , Fong Warren , Kwan Yu Heng , Phang Jie Kie , Lui Nai Lee , Leung Ying Ying , Thumboo Julian , Cheung Peter P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo identify the factors associated with patient–physician discordance in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in an Asian population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in two tertiary referral centers in Singapore. Patients with axSpA who fulfilled Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group 2009 criteria for axSpA were included in the study. Socio‐demographics, clinical, laboratory and patient‐reported outcomes data were collected during study visits from 2014 to 2015. We performed univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses to evaluate the factors associated with patient–physician discordance, which we defined as the difference between Patient Global Assessment and Physician Global Assessment.ResultsIncluded in the study were 298 axSpA patients: 82% male, 81% Chinese, median age 40 (20–78) years, median disease duration 9 (0.1–48) years. 80% were on non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and 23% on biologics. In univariate analysis, current age (β: 0.18, ρ = 0.06), duration of disease (β: 0.34, ρ = 0.03), post‐secondary education level (β: −10.82, ρ = 0.03), global pain score (β: 0.33, ρ < 0.01), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (β: 2.80, ρ < 0.01), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score C‐reactive protein (β: 4.63, ρ < 0.01) and current use of biologics (β: 10.97, ρ < 0.01) were associated with patient–physician discordance. In multivariate analysis, global pain score (β: 0.32, ρ < 0.01), post‐secondary education level (β: −12.80, ρ = 0.01) and current biologics use (β: 16.21, ρ < 0.01) were associated with patient–physician discordance.ConclusionHigher global pain score, lower educational level and current biologics use were associated with greater patient–physician discordance. These factors should be considered during shared decision making.
Comparing first‐line treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with pan‐negative advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Xu Fei , Zhu Wenjie , Ying Jianming , Wang Yan 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPlatinum‐based chemotherapy is the standard first‐line treatment for patients with advanced pan‐negative non‐squamous (non‐Sq) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unknown which chemotherapy regimen confers the greatest benefit in such patients. This study explored which chemotherapy regimens were advantageous in non‐Sq NSCLC patients.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 114 patients with advanced non‐Sq NSCLC using platinum‐based chemotherapy in a first‐line setting between January 2013 and December 2015. The study evaluated the most common first‐line regimens including pemetrexed/platinum (PP), paclitaxel/carboplatin, gemcitabine/platinum, and vinorelbine/cisplatin. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints were the objective response rate and disease control rate (DCR). Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis was carried out.ResultsSixty of the 114 patients were administered PP regimens and 54 non‐pemetrexed plus platinum (NPP) regimens. The median PFS was significantly longer in the PP than in the NPP group (7.2 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3–9.1 vs. 4.9 months, 95% CI 3.2–6.6; P = 0.031). The DCR of the PP regimen was better than that of the NPP regimen (90.0% vs. 74.1%; P = 0.026). Smoking status was an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.3; P = 0.001) in a final multivariate Cox regression model.ConclusionsA PP regimen tends to be more beneficial than an NPP regimen for patients with pan‐negative advanced non‐Sq NSCLC. Smoking status may be a valuable predictor for the selection of a chemotherapy regimen in such patients.
Intranasal Oxytocin Does Not Modulate Responses to Alcohol in Social Drinkers
Authors: Vena Ashley , King Andrea , Lee Royce , de Wit Harriet 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPreclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin may be of value in treating alcohol use disorder, by either reducing the rewarding effects of alcohol or reducing negative affect induced by alcohol withdrawal. However, the effect of a single dose of oxytocin on subjective and psychomotor responses to alcohol in social drinkers is not known.MethodsThis study examined the effect of intranasal oxytocin on subjective, behavioral, and physiological responses to a moderate dose of alcohol (0.8 g/kg) in young adult social drinkers. Participants (N = 35) completed 2 study sessions at which they consumed beverages containing alcohol (ALC; N = 20) or placebo (NoALC; N = 15) in combination with intranasal oxytocin (40 IU with a 20 IU booster) or placebo. They received oxytocin at one session and placebo at the other session (order counterbalanced) 20 minutes before consuming beverages. Subjective mood and drug effects ratings, heart rate and blood pressure, and 4 behavioral tasks (flanker task, digit span, go/no‐go, and pursuit rotor) were the primary outcome measures.ResultsALC produced its expected subjective and behavioral effects; including feeling intoxicated and impaired performance on the digit span and go/no‐go tasks. Oxytocin alone had no significant subjective or physiological effects, and it did not affect responses to alcohol on any measure.ConclusionsWe can conclude that, under these conditions, a single dose of intranasal oxytocin does not alter the effects of acute alcohol in healthy young adult social drinkers. Further research is needed to determine whether oxytocin alters responses to alcohol under different conditions, and to determine its potential as an aid in treatment for substance use disorders.
Carbonyl emissions from a novel heated tobacco product (IQOS): comparison with an e‐cigarette and a tobacco cigarette
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E. , Yannovits Nikoletta , Sarri Theoni , Voudris Vassilis , Poulas Konstantinos , Leischow Scott J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo measure carbonyl emissions from a heated tobacco product (IQOS) in comparison with an e‐cigarette (Nautilus Mini) and a commercial tobacco cigarette (Marlboro Red).DesignRegular and menthol variants of the heated tobacco product were tested. A tank‐type atomizer was tested with a tobacco‐flavoured liquid at 10 and 14 W. Aerosol and smoke were collected in impingers containing 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. Health Canada Intense and two more intense puffing regimens were used.SettingAnalytical laboratory in Greece.MeasurementsCarbonyl levels in the aerosol and smoke.FindingsAt the Health Canada Intense regimen, heated tobacco products emitted 5.0–6.4 μg/stick formaldehyde, 144.1–176.7 μg/stick acetaldehyde, 10.4–10.8 μg/stick acrolein, 11.0–12.8 μg/stick propionaldehyde and 1.9–2.0 μg/stick crotonaldehyde. Compared with the tobacco cigarette, levels were on average 91.6% lower for formaldehyde, 84.9% lower for acetaldehyde, 90.6% lower for acrolein, 89.0% lower for propionaldehyde and 95.3% lower for crotonaldehyde. The e‐cigarette emitted 0.5–1.0 μg/12 puffs formaldehyde, 0.8–1.5 μg/12 puffs acetaldehyde and 0.3–0.4 μg/12 puffs acrolein, but no propionaldehyde and crotonaldehyde. At more intense puffing regimens, formaldehyde was increased in heated tobacco products, but levels were three–fourfold lower compared with the tobacco cigarette. Based on the findings from Health Canada Intense puffing regimen, use of 20 heated tobacco sticks would result in approximately 85% to 95% reduced carbonyl exposure compared with smoking 20 tobacco cigarettes; the respective reduction in exposure from use of 5 g e‐cigarette liquid would be 97% to > 99%.ConclusionsThe IQOS heated tobacco product emits substantially lower levels of carbonyls than a commercial tobacco cigarette (Marlboro Red) but higher levels than a Nautilus Mini e‐cigarette.
Integrating smoking cessation care in alcohol and other drug treatment settings using an organizational change intervention: a systematic review
Authors: Skelton Eliza , Tzelepis Flora , Shakeshaft Anthony , Guillaumier Ashleigh , McCrabb Sam , Bonevski Billie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsOrganizational change interventions involve systems and cultural change within health‐care services to make smoking cessation care delivery part of usual treatment. Six strategies for organizational change have been proposed. This study examined the evidence for organizational change interventions in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) setting on: (a) smoking cessation care; and (b) smoking cessation and cessation‐related outcomes.MethodsA systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus were searched using keywords and MeSH terms from database inception to 1 June 2018. Interventions were assessed against the six organizational change strategies.ResultsOf the 5155 papers identified, 14 publications from seven unique studies were included. Most studies employed four or fewer organizational change strategies. The majority (n = 11) were rated weak to moderate in methodological quality. Nine published papers, four unique studies, examined staff reported provision of smoking cessation care; eight reported an increase, one found no change. Three papers, two unique studies, examined client receipt of care; all found significant increases. Three papers, two unique studies, assessed staff smoking prevalence from pre‐ to post‐intervention. Only one study reported a significant reduction in staff smoking prevalence (35.2 versus 21.8%, P = 0.005). Nine papers, six unique studies, assessed client smoking cessation and smoking‐related outcomes. Seven papers reported on client smoking prevalence; two found a significant decrease and five found no change to smoking. Four papers reported on number of cigarettes per day, three found a significant decrease and one found no change. Two papers reported on smoking cessation finding a 10% and a 25% seven‐day point prevalence abstinence post‐discharge from the AOD service.ConclusionsOrganizational change interventions within health‐care services to make smoking cessation care delivery part of usual treatment offer promise for increasing smoking cessation care and reducing smoking prevalence.
Comparison of the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) results with the final pathology findings for radical prostatectomy specimens in the detection of prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Ku Ja Yoon , Park Won Young , Lee Nam Kyung , Ha Hong Koo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), used in conjunction with the Prostrate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS), version 2, in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa), and to determine the extent of the efficacy of mpMRI as a screening test in biopsy‐naïve patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis was conducted in 107 patients who underwent mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) at a single institution. The mpMRI findings were reassessed using PI‐RADS, version 2. A comparison was made between the histological findings for the RP specimens and the mpMRI results.ResultsUnique histologically confirmed PCa foci (237) were identified in 107 patients. Overall, mpMRI sensitivity of 46% was found for PCa detection (110/237). The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of mpMRI was 75.5%, 77.0% and 79.8%, respectively, for clinically significant cancer, and 75.7%, 77.7% and 79.5%, for pathological index tumors. A moderate and significant correlation was observed between a high PI‐RADS score and a high pathological grade, tumor volume, index tumor status and clinically significant cancer status (all, P < 0.001, respectively). Pathological tumor volume was a significant predictor of PCa detection using mpMRI according to multivariate analysis. Using a cut‐off value of 0.89 cc, the sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI for PCa detection were 0.87 and 0.65, respectively.ConclusionThe mpMRI, used in conjunction with PI‐RADS, was useful in detecting PCa and in predicting tumor aggressiveness. However, the detection of 20% of clinically significant cancer was missed using mpMRI. Thus, its inclusion in a triage test should be limited to selected biopsy‐naïve patients.
A 10‐year review found increasing incidence trends of emergency egg allergy reactions and food‐induced anaphylaxis in children
Authors: Österlund J , Winberg A , West C E 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimInternational reports have suggested that food allergies and food‐induced anaphylaxis have increased in children. We investigated the incidence of emergency food reactions over a 10‐year period.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children presenting to Umeå University hospital, Sweden, with an emergency food reaction from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. Cases were identified using discharge codes for allergies and anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis cases were included if they fulfilled the international criteria.ResultsWe found emergency food allergy reactions in 519 children (58% boys) from 2006–2015 at a median age of 1.3 years. One‐third were hospitalised (32%) including 71/99 cases of anaphylaxis. Milk and eggs were the most commonly identified triggers. Emergency reactions to eggs increased during the study period with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.770 (p < 0.01) and the figures for anaphylaxis were 0.745 (p = 0.013). The incidence of food‐induced anaphylaxis increased and was 30 per 100 000 person‐years for the study period.ConclusionMost of the emergency reactions, treated by secondary care paediatricians and emergency physicians, were to milk and eggs. Allergic reactions to eggs increased from 2006 to 2015, as did food‐related anaphylaxis.