bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying results of early benefit assessment of newly approved pharmaceutical drugs in Germany from 2011 to 2017: A study based on federal joint committee data
Authors: Peinemann Frank , Labeit Alexander 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince January 2011, the Federal Joint Committee (FJC) conducts early benefit assessments (EBA) of newly approved pharmaceutical drugs compared to appropriate standard therapies. The FJC commissions the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare (IQEH) to prepare preliminary reports. We aimed to evaluate the extent, impact, and reason for different judgments on added benefit of both institutions.MethodsWe searched EBA data on the FJC website and included completed procedures from 2011 to 2017. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the difference between FJC and IQEH on divergent judgments, a quantitative analysis of the impact of EBA on market withdrawal, and a qualitative analysis to identify potential factors contributing to divergent judgments.ResultsFJC rated an added benefit in 30% (139 of 457) and IQEH in 22% (101 of 457) matching research questions (P = 0.004). In the aftermath of EBA, 28 pharmaceutical drugs were withdrawn from the German market. We identified three potential factors that might have contributed to the divergent judgments. IQEH used a unique threshold concept to define the rating, FJC conducted additional public hearings, and FJC showed more flexibility with adherence to stringent criteria and interpretation of results.ConclusionsFJC and IQEH differed significantly in their early benefit assessment. In response to negative EBA decisions, pharmaceutical companies withdrew a considerable number of medicines from the German market. The present work uncovers the subjectivity and possible variance inherent in benefit assessment, as the two institutions observe the same rules of procedure.
Impact of a non‐fluoridated microcrystalline hydroxyapatite dentifrice on enamel caries progression in highly caries‐susceptible orthodontic patients: A randomized, controlled 6‐month trial
Authors: Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Kunzelmann Karl‐Heinz , Hannig Christian , May Theodor W. , Hösl Helmut , Gratza Mario , Viergutz Gabriele , Nazet Marco , Schamberger Sebastian , Proff Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present randomized, controlled trial was to compare the impact of the regular use of a fluoride‐free microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAP) dentifrice and a 1400 ppm fluoride control dentifrice on caries progression in 150 highly caries‐active orthodontic patients.MethodsThe primary outcome was the occurrence of lesions with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) ≥code 1 on the vestibular surfaces of teeth 15‐25 within 168 days after fixation of orthodontic brackets. Secondary outcomes were lesion development ICDAS ≥code 2, the plaque index, and the gingival index.ResultsIn total, 147 patients were included in the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis; 133 finished the study per protocol (PP). An increase in enamel caries ICDAS ≥code 1 was observed in 56.8% (ITT) and 54.7% (PP) of the HAP group participants compared with 60.9% (ITT) and 61.6% (PP) of the fluoride control group. Non‐inferiority testing (ITT and PP) demonstrated the absence of a significant difference between the groups. No significant differences in secondary outcomes were observed between the groups.ConclusionIn highly caries‐active patients, the impact of the regular use of a microcrystalline HAP dentifrice on caries progression is not significantly different from the use of a 1400 ppm fluoride toothpaste (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02705456).
The Role of Transcranial Doppler Monitoring in Patients with Multi‐Territory Acute Embolic Strokes: A Review
Authors: Kargiotis Odysseas , Psychogios Klearchos , Safouris Apostolos , Magoufis Georgios , Zervas Paschalis D. , Stamboulis Eleftherios , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAcute multi‐territory, embolic cerebral infarctions are often associated with serious underlying clinical conditions including the presence of highly “active” emboligenic sources causing that in turn may result in high early recurrence rates. Prompt diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment are substantial for the prevention of subsequent embolization that would result in further clinical deterioration. Among other clinical investigations, transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring is highly efficacious for the detection of microembolic signals (MES) that correspond to microthrombi entering the intracranial circulation. The presence and burden of MES, especially in multiple intracranial arteries, is clearly associated with an increased risk of symptomatic, recurrent embolization, and thus can justify a more aggressive treatment approach (clopidogrel load followed by dual antiplatelet therapy or alternatively therapeutic dose of low‐molecular‐weight heparin). In this narrative review, we discuss the most important causes of multi‐territory embolic ischemic strokes and also underscore the utility of TCD as a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.
The pure effect of social preferences on regional location choices: The evolving dynamics of convergence to a steady state population distribution
Authors: Stark Oded , Budzinski Wiktor , Kosiorowski Grzegorz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper tracks the consequences of individuals’ desire to align their location with their social preferences. The social preference studied in the paper is distaste for relative deprivation, measured in a cardinal manner. Location is conceived as social space, with individuals choosing to relocate if, as a result, their relative deprivation will be reduced, holding their incomes constant. Conditions are provided under which the associated dynamics reaches a spatial steady state, the number of periods it takes to reach a steady state is specified, and light is shed on the robustness of the steady state outcome. By way of simulation it is shown that for large populations, a steady state of the relocation dynamics is almost always reached, typically in one period, and that cycles are more likely to occur when the populations’ income distributions are more equal.
The mycoflora in the needles of pines of various age (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: KOWALSKI T. , LANG K. J. 
Published: January 2019

In the course of investigations of the mycoflora found in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in connection with needle cast or under different ecological conditions (such as air pollution), isolations were made from needles of different ages taken from pines of various age.The needles were attacked to varying degrees. Thirty‐two species of fungi were isolated, the most frequent of which were Lophodermium seditiosum, Sclerophoma pithyophila, Lophodermium pinastri, Cenangium ferruginosum, Naemacyclus minor, Coniothyrium fuckelii, Anthostomella rhemii and one species which did not sporulate in culture.The frequency of the occurrence of the fungi depended on the age of the needle, the age of the host tree and also on local conditions and peculiarities. The average number of isolated species increased with the age of the needles. Lophodermium pinastri occurred predominantly on older needles which could mean that this funga probably plays a secondary role.Observations in dual cultures led to the conclusion that there are great differences in the ability to influence the growth of other fungi. On an artificial medium Lophodermium pinastri and Cenangium ferruginosum showed distict activities in this respect.
Dental health state utilities among dental patients
Authors: Acharya Shashidhar , Acharya Shruthi , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Thomson William Murray 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test the efficacy of a dental health state utility measure among a sample of dental patients using the standard gamble (SG) method and to examine its association with two quality of life constructs, namely the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 questionnaire and the global oral health item.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 202 adult dental patients. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The 14 item oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14) and Locker's global rating scale for oral health were administered and a SG utility valuation was carried out.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 38.6 ± 14.1 years. The mean SG score was 0.2 ± 0.2. Bivariate and negative binomial regression using the SG score as the outcome variable showed significant associations between SG scores and the OHIP‐14 summary scores, global oral health rating values, as well as with age, gender, and nature/severity of the oral problem.ConclusionThe SG method was effective in assessing dental health state utilities in the patient population. Determining patients’ risk tolerance through the SG method may lead to greater awareness about factors that could influence their choice of treatment and could help in planning treatment regimens.
Perioperative changes in knowledge and attitude toward oral health by oral health education
Authors: Nakata Haruka , Matsuo Koichiro , Suzuki Hitomi , Yoshihara Akihiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesPerioperative oral health care can prevent postoperative complications, but it is also important to maintain oral health afterward to avoid later adverse events. This study examined (a) the relationship between knowledge and attitude toward oral health (KAOH) and oral/periodontal status (OPS) in patients receiving surgery, and (b) the changes in KAOH by perioperative oral health care and education.MethodsPatients receiving surgery who visited our hospital's dental clinic beforehand were prospectively recruited. All participants received oral health care and education. In questionnaires assessing KAOH before and after surgery, respondent answers were generally classified as positive or negative. OPS was assessed before surgery. Associations between KAOH and OPS and perioperative changes in KAOH were statistically tested.ResultsA total of 507 patients answered the questionnaire before surgery, among whom 324 patients also completed it afterward. Preoperative OPS was significantly worse in the negative than in the positive KAOH group. Positive answers for KAOH increased significantly from 68.6% to 92.2% during the perioperative period.ConclusionsWe found that patients with poor KAOH also had poor OPS, but KAOH could be improved by perioperative oral health care and education, suggesting that perioperative oral health management could improve oral health knowledge and attitudes.
Towards an Archaeology of Pain? Assessing the Evidence from Later Prehistoric Bog Bodies
Authors: Chapman Henry P. , Gearey Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper highlights the potential for what could be termed an ‘archaeology of pain’, reflecting on the potential significance and role of the infliction, suffering, endurance and observation of pain by individuals in the past. It presents a case study of ‘bog bodies’, human remains recovered from wetland which, due to the anoxic, waterlogged conditions, preserves human flesh and associated evidence, including injuries and cause of death. The central argument is that evidence from pathological investigations of certain later prehistoric bodies provides hitherto neglected information concerning the embodied experience of pain, in particular its duration and intensity, which may be central to the interpretation of these events. This understanding can be framed not only in terms of the experience of pain by the victims, but also in the potential perception of pain and suffering by those inflicting these and potentially by any observers of the final moments of these individuals.
Pathology of spontaneous and immunotherapy‐induced tumor regression in a murine model of melanoma
Authors: Blenman Kim R. M. , Wang Jake , Cowper Shawn , Bosenberg Marcus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the spontaneous and immunotherapy‐induced histological changes in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse melanoma regression model consisting of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice implanted with syngeneic YUMMER1.7 melanoma cells. We focused on tumor regression phenotypes and spatial relationships of melanoma cells with B cells and neutrophils since this was not previously described. We found common themes to the host response to cancer irrespective of the mode of tumor regression. In nonregression tumors, melanoma cells were epithelioid shaped and tightly packed. In regression tumors, melanoma cells were spindle shaped and discohesive. B cells including plasmablasts and plasma cells were numerous and were increased with immunotherapy. Neutrophils were in direct contact with dead or dying melanoma cells. Immunotherapy increased neutrophil counts and induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)‐like formations and geographic necrosis. Beyond tumor regression, the increase in the B cell and neutrophil response could play a role in immunotherapy‐induced adverse reactions.
Identification of chicken FSHR gene promoter and the correlations between polymorphisms and egg production in Chinese native hens
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Lu Yinglin , Liu Xiaofan , Xie Xiaolei , Wang Kun , Yu Debing 
Published: January 2019

ContentsEgg production is an important economic trait in poultry, and it is of great significance to study the key genes and functional SNPs that affect egg laying performance. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important physiological role in the reproductive performance of humans and animals by binding to its receptor (FSHR). Studies have shown that there are many transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5′ flanking region of the FSHR gene that interact with transcription factors to regulate FSHR transcription. In this study, DNA sequencing was used to identify SNPs in the FSHR promoter sequence in both Dongxiang and Suken chickens. To detect the activity of the chicken FSHR gene promoter, we analysed the characteristics of the sequence and constructed three deletion vectors. We confirmed that the region (−18/−544) was the core promoter. Furthermore, five polymorphisms, including a 200‐bp indel at −869, C−1684T, C−1608T, G−368A and T−238A, were detected in both the Dongxiang and Suken chickens. The age at first egg (AFE) for different genotype of −869 indel in Suken chicken was significantly different (p < 0.01). For SNP C−1684T in Dongxiang chickens, the CC genotype had higher egg number at 43 weeks of age (E43) than that of the TC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP C−1684T in Suken chickens, the TC genotype had higher AFE than that of the CC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP C−1608T in Suken chickens, the CC genotype had higher AFE than that of the TC genotype (p < 0.05). For SNP G−368A in Suken chickens, the AG genotype had higher AFE than that of the GG genotype (p < 0.05).
Testing Critical Points of Non-Parametric Regression Curves: Application to the Management of Stalked Barnacles
Authors: Sestelo Marta , Roca-Pardiñas Javier 
Published: January 2019

SummarySeveral aquatic living resources are overexploited. An example of this is a barnacle fishery, which is a commercial species that commands high prices in the market. We feel that not enough is known about the management of this species. In particular, not enough is known about its growth pattern. Thus, we model the length–weight relationship of this resource for each harvest site. We use regression models with factor-by-curve interactions. Specifically, a global test to compare regression curves and their derivatives between levels and a local test to draw inferences about critical points are provided.
Does State Online Voter Registration Increase Voter Turnout?*
Authors: Yu Jinhai 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the impact of U.S. state online registration reforms on voter turnout. More states have been adopting online voter registration in recent years. Investigating the impact of the policy on voter turnout can inform policy making and contribute to our knowledge of political behavior.MethodsThe methods of this study include difference‐in‐difference analysis and instrumental variable analysis. Using the Current Population Survey data between 2000 and 2014, I conduct a difference‐in‐difference analysis at the state level and then an instrumental variable analysis at the individual level.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrate that state online voter registration increases voter turnout. The difference‐in‐difference analysis shows that the states’ implementation of online voter registration increases the turnout of young voters by about 3 percentage points in presidential election years. The instrumental variable analysis shows that the usage of online registration by voters increases their turnout by about 18 to 20 percentage points.ConclusionThe conclusion of this study is that state online voter registration reforms are generally effective in increasing voter turnout. There are nontrivial positive effects of online registration on turnout, especially for young people during presidential election years.
Off‐site impacts of soil erosion and runoff: Why connectivity is more important than erosion rates
Authors: Boardman John , Vandaele Karel , Evans Robert , Foster Ian D. L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOff‐site impacts of soil erosion are of greater social and economic concern in Western Europe than on‐site impacts. They fall into two related categories: muddy flooding of properties and ecological impacts on watercourses because of excessive sedimentation and associated pollutants. Critical to these impacts is the connectedness of the runoff and sediment system between agricultural fields and the river system. We argue that well‐connected systems causing off‐site damage are not necessarily related to areas of high erosion rates; emphasis should therefore be on the way in which connections occur. In temperate, arable systems, important elements of connectivity are anthropogenic in origin: roads, tracks, sunken lanes, field drains, ditches, culverts and permeable field boundaries. Mapping these features allows us to understand how they affect runoff and modify its impacts, to design appropriate mitigation measures and to better validate model predictions. Published maps (digital and paper) do not, by themselves, give sufficient information. Field mapping and observation, aided by remote sensing, are also necessary.
Short‐time (<10 ka) denudation rates as a marker of active folding in the Zagros Fold Belt (Iran)
Authors: Collignon Marine , Haghipour Negar , Lupker Maarten , Mohammadi Ali , Christl Marcus , Burg Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCoupling between tectonics and surface processes is usually ill‐quantified as other factors such as climate and lithology affect the later. We provide catchment‐wide 10Be denudation rates of the Mand catchment in the Zagros Fold Belt (Iran) to infer correlations between these rates and ongoing tectonic shortening in the region. Denudation rates are generally low (~0.05–0.1 mm/a) but increase to ~1 mm/a near the Halikan anticline, where changes in precipitation, lithology or hillslope gradient are insignificant. The denudation rates upstream and downstream of the Halikan anticline are consistent with the GPS convergence rates in these areas. The sharp increase in denudation rates over the Halikan anticline denotes its growth as previously detected from terrace incision. It also reveals small wavelength coupling between crustal deformation and erosion. Denudation rates are therefore a useful and sensitive tool that helps constraining non‐brittle active tectonics such as folding of a sedimentary cover.
Performance and Influencing Factors of Evidence‐Based Pressure Ulcer Care Among Acute Care Hospital Nurses
Authors: Kim Ji‐Kyo , Yoo Sung‐Hee , Nho Ju‐Hee , Ju Jae‐Kyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn previous studies about performance or factors affecting pressure ulcer (PU) care, old tools with nonupdated contents about the prevention and intervention of PU have been mainly used. Thus, there is little known how well evidence‐based PU care is performed and what its’ influencing factors are recently.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the PU care performance, based on evidence‐based practice guidelines, and identify factors affecting it while considering nurses’ individual and institutional characteristics.MethodsWe recruited 199 nurses involved in PU care, from August 20 to September 10, 2016, at two PU‐related academic conferences in Korea. To examine PU care performance and knowledge as a related factor, we developed tools based on recent guidelines. To identify factors affecting PU care performance, we examined nurses’ (individual level) and their institutions’ (institutional level) characteristics, and analyzed using a hierarchical multiple regression test.ResultsMean PU care performance of nurses was rated 3.99 out of 5. Performance level in “wound care: debridement”; “pain control”; “prevention skin care”; “incontinence management”; “supporting surface”; and “nutrition in PU prevention and treatment” was below average. Interest in PU care (β = .28, p = <.001), the main PU manager in a ward being a wound, ostomy, continence nurse (β = .22, p = .013), and an institution with a nursing practice guideline for PU care (β = .16, p = .02) were identified as significant factors affecting a good PU care performance.Linking Evidence to ActionTo improve nurses’ evidence‐based PU care performance, nurses must recognize PU care's importance and take responsibility for improving their own performance. At the institutional level, systematic evidence‐based guidelines and support systems, such as activating wound specialists, must be implemented. The academic society can support these initiatives by updating continuously the national guideline on PU prevention and management for ease of use by nurses or institutions.
Association Between Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Breaking Point, Anaerobic Threshold, and Rowing Performance
Authors: Turnes Tiago , Penteado dos Santos Rafael , de Aguiar Rafael Alves , Loch Thiago , Possamai Leonardo Trevisol , Caputo Fabrizio 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To compare the intensity and physiological responses of deoxygenated hemoglobin breaking point ([HHb]BP) and anaerobic threshold (AnT) during an incremental test and to verify their association with 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance in well-trained rowers. Methods: A total of 13 male rowers (mean [SD] age = 24 [11] y and  = 63.7 [6.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a step incremental test. Gas exchange, vastus lateralis [HHb], and blood lactate concentration were measured. Power output, , and heart rate of [HHb]BP and AnT were determined and compared with each other. A 2000-m test was performed in another visit. Results: No differences were found between [HHb]BP and AnT in the power output (236 [31] vs 234 [31] W; Δ = 0.7%), 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7%), (4.2 [0.5] vs 4.3 [0.4] L·min−1; Δ = −0.8%, 95% CI 4.0%), or heart rate (180 [16] vs 182 [12] beats·min−1; Δ = −1.6%, 95% CI 2.1%); however, there was high typical error of estimate (TEE) and wide 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for power output (TEE 10.7%, LoA 54.1–50.6 W), (TEE 5.9%, LoA −0.57 to 0.63 L·min−1), and heart rate (TEE 2.4%, LoA −9.6 to 14.7 beats·min−1). Significant correlations were observed between [HHb]BP (r = .70) and AnT (r = .89) with 2000-m mean power. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a breaking point in [HHb] of the vastus lateralis muscle during the incremental test that is capable of distinguishing rowers with different performance levels. However, the high random error would compromise the use of [HHb]BP for training and testing in rowing.