bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DREENA-C framework: joint RAA and v2 predictions and implications to QGP tomography
Authors: Zigic Dusan , Salom Igor , Auvinen Jussi , Djordjevic Marko , Djordjevic Magdalena 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we presented our recently developed Dynamical Radiative and Elastic ENergy loss Approach (DREENA-C) framework, which is a fully optimized computational suppression procedure based on our state-of-the-art dynamical energy loss formalism in constant temperature finite size QCD medium. With this framework, we have generated, for the first time, joint R

AA
and v
2 predictions within our dynamical energy loss formalism. The predictions are generated for both light and heavy flavor probes, and different centrality regions in Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC, and compared with the available experimental data. While R

AA
predictions agree with experimental data, v
2 predictions qualitatively agree with, but are quantitatively visibly above, the experimental data (in disagreement with other models, which underestimate v
2). Consistently with numerical predictions, through simple analytic analysis, we show that R

AA
is insensitive to medium evolution (though highly sensitive to energy loss mechanisms), while v
2 is highly sensitive to the evolution. As a major consequence for precision quark-gluon plasma (QGP) tomography, this then leaves a possibility to calibrate energy loss models on R

AA
data, while using v
2 to constrain QGP parameters that are in agreement with both high and low p
⊥ data.
Building a job-exposure matrix for early plutonium workers at the Sellafield nuclear site, United Kingdom
Authors: Riddell Anthony , Wakeford Richard , Liu Hanhua , O’Hagan Jacqueline , MacGregor David , Agius Raymond , Wilson Christine , Peace Mark , de Vocht Frank 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The potential for adverse health effects from internal exposure to Plutonium has been recognised since its discovery in the 1940s. However, in the absence of specific information, potential risks from Plutonium exposure have always largely been controlled through knowledge of radiation exposure risks in general, much of which comes from external radiation exposures. To try to obtain more direct estimates of potential internal exposure risks, epidemiological studies of Plutonium workers need to be conducted. Such epidemiological analyses require individual Plutonium exposure estimates that are as accurate and unbiased as possible. The UK Sellafield workforce includes one of the world’s largest cohorts of Plutonium workers, which constitutes, by some considerable margin, the group of workers most comprehensively monitored for internal exposure to this alpha-particle-emitter. However, for several hundred workers employed at the start of Plutonium work at the facility, during the period from 1952 through to 1963, the historical urinalysis results available cannot provide sufficiently accurate and unbiased exposure assessments needed for use in epidemiological studies. Consequently, these early workers have had to be excluded from epidemiological analyses and this has significantly reduced the power of these studies. A promising quantitative methodology to overcome the issue of missing or deficient exposure data, is to use exposure data from other sources to estimate the average exposure a ‘typical worker’ would have received, and to collate this information for specific occupations and years. This approach is called a Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM). Work on a pilot study to construct a population-specific quantitative JEM for the early Plutonium workers at Sellafield during 1952–1963, for whom reliable urinalysis results do not exist, has shown the potential for a JEM approach to produce more reliable and useful exposure estimates for epidemiological research.
Analyzing the cross slip motion of screw dislocations at finite temperatures in body-centered-cubic metals: molecular statics and dynamics studies
Authors: Suzudo Tomoaki , Onitsuka Takashi , Fukumoto Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The plasticity of body-centered-cubic metals at low temperatures is substantially determined by the screw-dislocation kinetics. Because the core of screw dislocations in these metals has a non-planar structure, its motion is complex. For example, although density functional theory predicts slip on a {110} plane, the actual slip plane at elevated temperatures differs from the prediction. In this work, we explored state-of-the-art atomistic modeling methods and successfully reproduced the transition of the slip plane through a temperature increase. We then devised an algorithm to analyze the activation of dislocation jump over the Peierls barrier and discovered a possible origin of this unexpected phenomenon: thermal fluctuation leads to the kink-pair nucleation for cross slip jumps with no transition of the dislocation core structure.
Investigation of offshore wind farm layouts regarding wake effects and cable topology
Authors: Wade Bryce , Pereira Ricardo , Wade Cameron 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Offshore wind energy is emerging as a large contributor to installed renewable energy capacity. In order to continue the momentum of its development, the offshore wind industry is looking to continually lower the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). One area being explored in an effort to lower the LCOE of offshore wind generation is the optimization of the wind farm layout. Many of the offshore wind farm layout designs that exist today are structured in a rectilinear form where turbines are spaced evenly along columns and rows. This research explores the economic advantages of removing rectilinear constraints and optimizing the positions of the individual turbines within an offshore wind farm. At the core of achieving the research objective was the development of a model that is capable of simulating an existing offshore wind farm by converting representative wind farm data into an LCOE. The positions of the turbines within the wind farm can be modified using an optimization framework with the intent to minimize the LCOE. The model comprised of the Jensen Wake Model, a hybrid cable layout heuristic and a cost scaling model. The wind farm layout was optimized using a genetic algorithm. The cost estimation model and optimization framework were applied into two case studies to analyze the results of the wind farm layout optimization of two wind farms, Horns Rev and Borssele. In both case studies the optimized layouts provided higher AEP, shorter intra-array collection cable lengths and ultimately a lower LCOE than the baseline rectilinear layouts.
Computational fluid dynamics methodology for characterisation of leading edge erosion in whirling arm test rigs
Authors: Herring R , Dyer K , MacLeod A , Ward C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Blade leading edge erosion has developed into a significant issue for the offshore wind industry. Protection solutions, including polymer coatings and tapes, are often applied to increase the blade lifetime. Experimental evaluation of protection systems is typically conducted in whirling arm rain erosion test rigs. Currently, there is no thoroughly validated method to relate the test results to real-world erosion performance. Furthermore, the design of rigs is not sufficiently limited to enable comparison of results between different rigs. Industry guideline, DNV-GL-RP-0171, provides a comparison method to address this issue. This paper describes the development of a droplet particle tracking Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology for rain erosion test rigs, which models the impact strike characteristics of a droplet, the number of impacts and the effect of rig aerodynamics. The methodology was applied to two rigs with different aerodynamics. Rain erosion tests were conducted in the rigs on identical coating and aluminium samples. The results were compared against predicted number of impacts from the DNV-GL guideline. Contradictory results were found, concluding that the guideline does not provide an accurate comparison between all test rigs, as it does not account for rigs where large aerodynamic effects cause droplet concentrations or droplet break-up.
Nonlinear Estimation of Important Variables using Neural Network in Wind Farms
Authors: Hur Sung-Ho 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Utilising additional variables, which are normally not measured, could bring significant improvements to condition monitoring and control of a wind turbine and farm. However, incorporating additional sensors to measure such variables could increase the cost significantly. As a solution, instead of equipping every turbine in the wind farm with an expensive sensor to measure such a variable, it is proposed that only one turbine be equipped with a sensor and the neighbouring turbines with an estimator that essentially replaces the sensor; that is, each estimator would subsequently estimate what the sensor would measure. Each estimator is constructed based on Neural Network, and as a result, the cost could be significantly reduced. Note that the only turbine equipped with a sensor is used to train the NN. This work presents the results of a preliminary study to examine the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Drift stability of HyStOH semi-submersible supported by airfoil shaped structures
Authors: Manjock A , Netzband S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study presents the results of the German research project HyStOH funded by German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). The project consortium of German universities, wind turbine designers, wind farm developers and certification bodies design a novel semi-submersible steel structure with a single point mooring and self-aligning capabilities. The tower, which carries a 6 MW two-bladed downwind turbine, has an airfoil shaped cover, which supports the self-alignment of the full structure towards the main wind direction. The downwind operating wind turbine in combination with the lift force generating tower enables a passive yaw system acting against hydrodynamical impacts from waves and currents. Simulations in time domain applying the fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic code Bladed_4.8 demonstrate the drift sensitivity and the self-aligning capabilities of the HyStOH design. The hydrodynamic coefficients for the simulations have been adjusted by calculations with an 1:1 model of the panel code panMARE, developed by Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg. The motivation of this analysis is to capture the complex coupled motions of an innovative FOWT by numerical simulation tools [1]. The analysis presents dynamic simulations of the HyStOH design operating in turbulent wind and irregular sea state with special focus on the yaw drift behaviour of the FOWT. The sensitivity study of yaw drift is based on numerous variations of wind-wave-current misalignments during normal operation. The results of the simulations demonstrate the weathervane capabilities of the airfoil shaped structures.
Comparative Concept Design Study of Laterally Loaded Monopiles
Authors: Kaltekis K , Panagoulias S , van Dijk B F J , Brinkgreve R B J , Ramos da Silva M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Offshore wind turbine generators (WTG) are commonly founded on single large diameter piles, named monopiles. These monopiles are subjected to significant lateral loads and thereby sizeable overturning bending moments mainly due to action of wind and wave forces; thus the critical geotechnical design situation for monopiles supporting WTGs is often related to lateral loading conditions. The Pile Soil Analysis (PISA) joint industry research project [1] has recently proposed a monopile design method which encompasses finite element (FE) calculations under a specific design framework. Soil reaction curves that are crucial for monopile design (i.e. lateral force and moment reactions along the shaft and at the base of the pile) are derived from FE calculations, subsequently calibrated and entered into a 1D model which is then used for design optimisation. This method is implemented within the PLAXIS MoDeTo (Monopile Design Tool) software. This paper presents results of a concept monopile design study under lateral monotonic loading with the use of the PLAXIS MoDeTo method.
Investigation of Modelling Depths for an Electromechanical Simulation of a Direct-Drive Generator Considering Parasitic Airgap Forces and External Loads
Authors: Duda Tobias , Jacobs Georg , Bosse Dennis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper shows a multiphysical simulation approach for direct - drive generators, including electromagnetic force calculations and multibody simulation. The objective of this method is to determine the airgap width distribution of the generator during operation.
In this investigation different modelling depths of the electromechanical model are discussed. Especially the modelling of the electromagnetic force application and integration of flexible structural elements is discussed.
Parametric study of vane-type vortex generators under adverse pressure gradient by source term modelling in OpenFOAM
Authors: Errasti Iñigo , Fernández-Gamiz Unai , Martínez-Filgueira Pablo , Blanco Jesús María 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyse and characterize the primary vortices produced by single low profile vane-type vortex generators (VGs) of different heights positioned on a flat plate with a backward-facing ramp and adverse gradient pressure for an incident angle of 15º. The effect of the vortex generator is implemented by using a source term in the Navier-Stokes equations according to the so-called jBAY source term model. In order to carry out the parametric study of the primary vortex, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed for different VG heights using the Navier-Stokes equations at a Reynolds number of Reθ = 9100 based on the local boundary layer momentum thickness θ in open-source code OpenFOAM. As a preliminary result, the jBAY model reproduces relatively well the streamwise pressure coefficient distributions on the flat plate floor. Finally, the advantage of using this model over a fully mesh-resolved vortex generator model for certain cases must be remarked because a lower number of cells is needed in the model domain with a saving of computational time and resources.
Transferability of Operational Status Classification Models Among Different Wind Turbine Types
Authors: Trstanova Z. , Martinsson A. , Matthews C. , Jimenez S. , Leimkuhler B. , Van Delft T. , Wilkinson M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A detailed understanding of wind turbine performance status classification can improve operations and maintenance in the wind energy industry. Due to different engineering properties of wind turbines, the standard supervised learning models used for classification do not generalize across data sets obtained from different wind sites. We propose two methods to deal with the transferability of the trained models: first, data normalization in the form of power curve alignment, and second, a robust method based on convolutional neural networks and feature-space extension. We demonstrate the success of our methods on real-world data sets with industrial applications.
Strawberry ripeness calibrated 2D colour lookup table for field-deployable computer vision
Authors: Mohamed Imran , Williams David , Stevens Richard , Dudley Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Efficient strawberry harvesting using semi-autonomous robotic pickers requires a method for fast, automatic discrimination between ripe and unripe berries. In this paper we present a strawberry ripeness algorithm that has been developed and tested on images obtained with commercial cameras, recorded under daylight illumination on an outdoor strawberry farm. The method uses a 2D lookup table seeded such that regions for ripe strawberry, unripe strawberry and strawberry calyx exist in distinct locations in the table. Measurements show the ratio of ripe to unripe area provides a good estimator of ripeness and that the approach was practical for further extension to real-time use.
Application of ISO 25178 standard for multiscale 3D parametric assessment of surface topographies
Authors: Marinello F , Pezzuolo A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The objective of the present work is to discuss the potential of areal surface texture parameters as introduced and discussed by ISO standards 25178, as a widely recognized reference framework of indices and procedures, which can help and accelerate understanding of functional information. Such indices have been developed specifically for the micro-scale, however they can be successfully implemented also in the case of larger scales. Parameters extraction takes place in three main steps, independently from the scale: calibration, filtering and parameter extraction. The possibility of using the same approach and the same roughness parameters at different scales helps very much not only the post processing of surfaces data sets but also their interpretation, putting the basis for multiscale models.
Analysis of the effects of uncertainties on agrometeorological models
Authors: Garinei A. , Marini A. , Piccioni E. , Marconi M. , Biondi L. , Bertolini A. , Ferrari G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We analyze how the uncertainties in meteorological data affect the outcome of an agrometeorological model. In particular we focus on a model simulating the development of primary infections of downy mildew on grapevine. This model takes as inputs hourly measurements of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall and it simulates all the phases that eventually lead to the downy mildew primary infections. In order to assess the robustness of the model against the uncertainties of the input data we set up a Monte Carlo simulation. This procedure enhances the potentiality of the model since allows to extract, as an additional valuable piece of information, the probability of the infection event. The results we obtain are highly significant and suggest that the effects of the uncertainties are actually important and should be carefully evaluated.
Microsensors for the characterization of the insect gut environment
Authors: Crotti E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Microorganisms establish a wide range of symbiotic associations with their insect host, encompassing mutualistic, parasitic and commensal relationships. Insect gut microbiota is involved in many essential aspects of the host biology, physiology and behaviour. Factors such as pH, oxygen availability, retention time of the food and host innate immune system are important determinants of the gut symbionts’ colonization. Deciphering the interactions that take place and shape the symbiosis is an intriguing topic that cannot exclude the characterization of the physicochemical conditions occurring in the insect gut niche. Microsensors and microelectrodes can be usefully employed to characterize the physicochemical conditions occurring in the insect intestine, allowing to gain a better knowledge of the gut microenvironment in which the gut microbiota thrives.
A comparison of low-cost techniques for three-dimensional animal body measurement in livestock buildings
Authors: Pezzuolo A , Giora D , Guo H , Ma Q , Guercini S , Marinello F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Data about health and development of animals are still now mostly collected through manual measurements or visual observations but these kinds of methods of collecting data are causes of several problems. Alternatively, optical sensing techniques can be implemented in order to overcome limitations arising from manual contact measurements. The present research discusses metrological analysis of Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry approach, low-cost LiDAR scanning and Microsoft Kinect v1 depth camera to three-dimensional animal body measurement, with specific reference to pigs. Analyses were carried out on fiberglass model to get rid of animal movements. Scans were captured based on a segmented approach, where different portion of the body have been imaged during different frames acquisition tasks. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of 3D Kinect. LiDAR show a higher RMS value respect to Kinect and SfM most probably due to the collection approach based on single profiles rather than on surfaces. Anyway, the RMS of relative noise ranges between 0.7 and 4 mm, showing a high accuracy of reconstructions even for the others techniques.
Scaling-up of evapotranspiration measurements: the promising role of scintillometry
Authors: Vendrame N , Tezza L , Pitacco A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) is of primary interest, especially for agricultural and environmental issues. Traditional micrometeorological techniques require homogenous surface and are characterized by limited footprint. Thus, they cannot be applied to assess ET over inhomogeneous and extensive surfaces, typical conditions at the catchment scale and of extensive farming systems. In this context, a suitable technique to measure turbulent fluxes is scintillometry, which can give measurements of sensible heat flux at larger scale, providing averages over heterogeneous surfaces. ET can then be estimated as residual of the energy budget. In this study, we present results from a one-week campaign held during summer 2016 in Southern Italy. We deployed a Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) in an extensive vineyard of 140 ha on a path length of 760 m. The site was characterized by gently slope terrain with uniform crop. In order to have reference measurements of local sensible heat flux, we deployed three sonic anemometers along the scintillometer path. The aim of the study was to test the ability of scintillometry to provide a spatially averaged flux, representative of the possibly diverse conditions in an extended footprint upwind to the measurement path. The relationship between sensible heat flux measured by EC and LAS showed to be very good for the EC station in the middle of the path, whereas off-centre areas were less represented.
Influence of sensor calibration on forecasting models for vineyard disease detection
Authors: Sanna F , Deboli R , Calvo A , Merlone A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The evolution of vineyard diseases, such as downy mildew, are depending by temperature, humidity and rain. Fungicides are used to control these pathologies, with considerable economic costs, negative effects on environment, human health and wine quality. In order to identify fungicide sprays periods, several forecasting models were proposed. These tools require accurate knowledge of meteorological variables. These models give great contribution to farmers and technicians, nevertheless, do not consider the quality of the input data in terms of evaluation of measurement uncertainty and traceability to the reference sensors. The inclusion of the sensors’ calibration and the influence of weather instrument positioning, affects the disease prediction up to 5 days. Therefore, the choice of instrument position and calibration procedure becomes a matter of importance in agriculture.