bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐Related Metabolites Associated with Cognitive Decline Revealed by Untargeted Metabolomics in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Low Dorrain Yanwen , Lefèvre‐Arbogast Sophie , González‐Domínguez Raúl , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia , Micheau Pierre , Petera Melanie , Centeno Delphine , Durand Stephanie , Pujos‐Guillot Estelle , Korosi Aniko , Lucassen Paul J , Aigner Ludwig , Proust‐Lima Cécile , Hejblum Boris P , Helmer Catherine , Andres‐Lacueva Cristina , Thuret Sandrine , Samieri Cécilia , Manach Claudine 
Published: June 2019

ScopeUntargeted metabolomics may reveal preventive targets in cognitive aging, including within the food metabolome.Methods and resultsA case‐control study nested in the prospective Three‐City study includes participants aged ≥65 years and initially free of dementia. A total of 209 cases of cognitive decline and 209 controls (matched for age, gender, education) with slower cognitive decline over up to 12 years are contrasted. Using untargeted metabolomics and bootstrap‐enhanced penalized regression, a baseline serum signature of 22 metabolites associated with subsequent cognitive decline is identified. The signature includes three coffee metabolites, a biomarker of citrus intake, a cocoa metabolite, two metabolites putatively derived from fish and wine, three medium‐chain acylcarnitines, glycodeoxycholic acid, lysoPC(18:3), trimethyllysine, glucose, cortisol, creatinine, and arginine. Adding the 22 metabolites to a reference predictive model for cognitive decline (conditioned on age, gender, education and including ApoE‐ε4, diabetes, BMI, and number of medications) substantially increases the predictive performance: cross‐validated Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve = 75% [95% CI 70–80%] compared to 62% [95% CI 56–67%].ConclusionsThe untargeted metabolomics study supports a protective role of specific foods (e.g., coffee, cocoa, fish) and various alterations in the endogenous metabolism responsive to diet in cognitive aging.
Intracranial simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) MRA: Analyzation, optimization, and extension for dynamic MRA
Authors: Xiong Yuhui , Zhang Zhe , He Le , Ma Yu , Han Hualu , Zhao Xihai , Guo Hua 
Published: June 2019

PurposeSimultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque (SNAP) imaging, as a noncontrast‐enhanced MRA technique, may not provide consistent vessel visualization for intracranial artery imaging among subjects. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism and extend SNAP to dynamic MRA.MethodsThe cause of the instability of intracranial SNAP‐MRA was investigated through theoretical analysis and simulations. The scan parameters, including TI and flip angle, were optimized for reliable imaging. In vivo experiments were conducted to validate the simulation results. The simulation results were correlated with real intracranial blood flow by introducing the concept of blood travel time, and intracranial SNAP‐MRA was revealed to reflect the cerebral blood expanse region in 5 TI. A new noncontrast‐enhanced dynamic MRA technique, termed 4D SNAP‐MRA, was proposed and demonstrated through in vivo scans.ResultsThe cause of the instability of intracranial SNAP‐MRA was proved to be the slow or fast blood flow in the imaging slab. This instability can be mitigated by adjusting TI and flip angle in the SNAP sequence. The proposed 4D SNAP‐MRA can provide dynamic visualization of the cerebral blood circulation and cerebral hemodynamic information such as blood travel time.ConclusionThe 3D SNAP‐MRA with optimal imaging parameters can generate cerebral angiography with hemodynamic information, and the 4D SNAP‐MRA provides dynamic visualization of the cerebral blood circulation.
Effects of Hatchery Broodstock Collection on Adult Muskellunge Populations
Authors: Meerbeek Jonathan R. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Stocking programs for Muskellunge Esox masquinongy throughout North America rely on the collection of wild adult Muskellunge to acquire gametes for hatchery propagation. The process of collecting, transporting, confining, handling, and spawning broodstock Muskellunge may cause mortality that could alter Muskellunge density, size structure, and population survival rates. We used long-term Muskellunge capture–recapture data collected from the Iowa Great Lakes and Clear Lake in northern Iowa to estimate the number and proportion of Muskellunge captured annually and the initial mortality rates resulting from broodstock collection. We also evaluated whether Muskellunge apparent survival rates differed between individuals used as broodstock and those that were not captured annually. Finally, we evaluated whether the number of initial mortalities or the number of individuals captured were related to annual population survival estimates. Collectively, 7,010 adult Muskellunge (3,896 males and 3,114 females) captures occurred between 2001 and 2017, and population densities within a system ranged from 0.11 to 0.39 fish/ha. An average of 33% (range = 13–76%) of the population was captured during broodstock operations annually. Between 0 and 28 (0.0000 to 0.0191 fish/ha) Muskellunge died at each hatchery annually, and more males died than females (total of 150 males and 68 females; 3.9% and 2.2% of captured fish, respectively). However, annual mortalities were generally a low proportion of Muskellunge in the lake (&lt;2%; &lt;0.001 fish/ha). There was some evidence of size-selective mortality, particularly for males, where larger individuals (875–975 mm) were more likely to die, but we found no evidence to suggest that broodstock collection affected annual population survival estimates. Muskellunge broodstock mortality appears to act in a compensatory manner with natural mortality, and other sources of population mortality are more likely to have a greater effect on the population.
Tuning into performance and satisfaction in nonprofit orchestras: One link between transformational leadership and satisfaction is through reduction in conflict
Authors: Kammerhoff Jana , Lauenstein Oliver , Schütz Astrid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we tested hypotheses concerning volunteers' not‐for‐profit work, specifically the relations of transformational leadership with performance and satisfaction as well as the question of how task and relationship conflict fit into these relations. We argue that conflicts are detrimental to satisfaction and performance and that the frequency of conflict can be reduced through transformational leadership. We analyzed data from a large sample of lay orchestra musicians (N = 1,535) and found that musicians' perceptions of their conductors' transformational leadership style were positively related to both the performance and satisfaction of the musicians. Furthermore, we found that conflict mediated the relation between transformational leadership and satisfaction to some extent. The mediation occurred via the frequencies of both task and relationship conflicts even though the frequency of conflict was quite low in this sample in general.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Liver Enzyme Concentrations in Mexican Americans: The GUARDIAN Consortium
Authors: Young Kendra A. , Palmer Nicholette D. , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Langefeld Carl D. , Norris Jill M. , Wang Nan , Xiang Anny H. , Guo Xiuqing , Williams Adrienne H. , Chen Yii‐Der I. , Taylor Kent D. , Rotter Jerome I. , Raffel Leslie J. , Goodarzi Mark O. , Watanabe Richard M. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivePopulations of Mexican American ancestry are at an increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether loci in known and novel genes were associated with variation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (n = 3,644), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 3,595), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (n = 1,577) levels by conducting the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of liver enzymes, which commonly measure liver function, in individuals of Mexican American ancestry.MethodsLevels of AST, ALT, and GGT were determined by enzymatic colorimetric assays. A multi‐cohort GWAS of individuals of Mexican American ancestry was performed. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were tested for association with liver outcomes by multivariable linear regression using an additive genetic model. Association analyses were conducted separately in each cohort, followed by a nonparametric meta‐analysis.ResultsIn the PNPLA3 gene, rs4823173 (P = 3.44 × 10−10), rs2896019 (P = 7.29 × 10−9), and rs2281135 (P = 8.73 × 10−9) were significantly associated with AST levels. Although not genome‐wide significant, these same SNPs were the top hits for ALT (P = 7.12 × 10−8, P = 1.98 × 10−7, and P = 1.81 × 10−7, respectively). The strong correlation (r2 = 1.0) for these SNPs indicated a single hit in the PNPLA3 gene. No genome‐wide significant associations were found for GGT.ConclusionsPNPLA3, a locus previously identified with ALT, AST, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in European and Japanese GWAS, is also associated with liver enzymes in populations of Mexican American ancestry.
Morphology, structure, and segmental dynamics in polyazomethine/hybrid carbon nanofillers composites
Authors: Bronnikov Sergei , Kostromin Sergei , Asandulesa Mihai , Podshivalov Aleksandr , Timpu Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe polyazomethine/hybrid carbon nanofillers composites were fabricated. The nanofilles were comprised of thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) varying in rGO:MWCNTs ratio; the total nanofillers loading was 1 wt%. The scanning electron miscroscopy images revealed uniform distribution of the hybrid nanofillers and formation of 3D networks between rGO and MWCNTs. Molecular dynamics of the polymer chains in these nanocomposites was investigated with broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The polymer fragility, the dielectric glass transition temperature, and the dielectric relaxation strength of the nanocomposites were evaluated and analyzed depending on the rGO:MWCNTs ratio. The thermal glass transition temperature and the thermal relaxation strength evaluated from the differential scanning calorimetry data were shown to behave in other manner. This behavior was interpreted in terms of a fraction of polymer being immobilized in an interfacial layer around the nanoparticles.
Prognosis of fetuses with ventriculomegaly: An observational retrospective study
Authors: Chang Qingxian , Peng Yixian , Huang Qitao , Zhong Mei , Huang Liping , Li Jing , Chen Cuihua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prognosis of fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM).MethodsClinical data were collected from 234 cases of fetal VM diagnosed by ultrasound between March 2010 and July 2016. VM progression was monitored, and karyotyping and infection screening performed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed where increasing ventricular diameter was noted. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was carried out after birth, and Bayley Scales of Infant Development assessment at 6 months.ResultsThe in utero outcomes of Group A were better than Group B in 173 pregnancies. Isolated VM (IVM) was associated with better prognosis than nonisolated VM (NIVM); the regression rates were 74.6% (59/79) and 52.1% (49/94), respectively (χ2 = 10.222, .006). The NBNA scores were significantly higher in Group A than Group B (χ2 = 4.231, .004), but not significantly different between IVM and NIVM. The composition ratios of both the psychomotor and mental developmental index (PDI and MDI) scores were not significantly different between Groups A and B (Z = 1.869, .062 and Z = 0.826, .409, respectively). Significant differences in in utero outcomes were observed between IVM and NIVM cases in Groups A and B.ConclusionsFetal VM prognosis is affected by the width of ventricle, chromosome abnormalities, coexisted abnormalities, and in utero progression.
Second‐trimester fetal head circumference in more than 350 000 pregnancies: Outcome and suggestion for sex‐dependent cutoffs for small heads
Authors: Lund Najaaraq , Sandager Puk , Leonhard Anne Katrine , Vogel Ida , Petersen Olav Bjørn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between small fetal second‐trimester head circumference (HC) and pregnancy outcome and identify a cutoff point for offering genetic testing.MethodData from second‐trimester scans in Denmark were linked to national registers. Fetuses with anomalies diagnosed before this scan were excluded. Fetuses were grouped according to HC z‐score.ResultsWe included 352 515 singleton fetuses. The mean HC was significantly larger among males than among females with z‐scores averaging 0.52 more in males. Small HC was associated with chromosomal anomaly, malformations of the CNS and heart, miscarriage/perinatal death, termination, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction (test for trend: P < .001 for all outcomes). Fetuses in the group with z‐score less than –3 had the highest incidence of adverse outcome, irrespective of fetal sex. In the groups with z‐scores between –3 and –2.5, and between –2.5 and –2, risk of adverse outcome was lower for females than males for all outcome categories.ConclusionSmall HC in second trimester is a prognostic marker for adverse outcome. The smaller the HC, the higher the risk of adverse outcome. We suggest an HC cutoff point of –2 SD for males and –2.5 SD for females for offering genetic testing.
PREFACE: In silico pipeline for accurate cell‐free fetal DNA fraction prediction
Authors: Raman Lennart , Baetens Machteld , De Smet Matthias , Dheedene Annelies , Van Dorpe Jo , Menten Björn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveDuring routine noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), cell‐free fetal DNA fraction is ideally derived from shallow‐depth whole‐genome sequencing data, preventing the need for additional experimental assays. The fraction of aligned reads to chromosome Y enables proper quantification for male fetuses, unlike for females, where advanced predictive procedures are required. This study introduces PREdict FetAl ComponEnt (PREFACE), a novel bioinformatics pipeline to establish fetal fraction in a gender‐independent manner.MethodsPREFACE combines the strengths of principal component analysis and neural networks to model copy number profiles.ResultsFor sets of roughly 1100 male NIPT samples, a cross‐validated Pearson correlation of 0.9 between predictions and fetal fractions according to Y chromosomal read counts was noted. PREFACE enables training with both male and unlabeled female fetuses. Using our complete cohort (nfemale = 2468, nmale = 2723), the correlation metric reached 0.94.ConclusionsAllowing individual institutions to generate optimized models sidelines between‐laboratory bias, as PREFACE enables user‐friendly training with a limited amount of retrospective data. In addition, our software provides the fetal fraction based on the copy number state of chromosome X. We show that these measures can predict mixed multiple pregnancies, sex chromosomal aneuploidies, and the source of observed aberrations.
A conjugated alkyne functional bicyclic polybenzoxazine with superior heat resistance
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Dai Jie , Xu Yi , Ran Qichao , Gu Yi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA difunctional benzoxazine (coPh‐apa) with a conjugated alkyne group is synthesized by the oxidative coupling reaction from a monocycle‐benzoxazine (Ph‐apa) containing an alkyne group. A model compound, 1,4‐diphenylbutadiyne (coPa), is used to study the curing reaction process of coPh‐apa by DSC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13C NMR, and the results suggest that the conjugated alkyne groups are involved in the crosslinking reaction via the trimerization reaction of the conjugated alkynyl groups and the Diels–Alder reaction. Furthermore, thermal properties of the polybenzoxazine are studied by dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A glass‐transition temperature (Tgs) of as high as 412 °C and a char yield of 75.6% at 800 °C under nitrogen are obtained with the aid of the conjugated alkyne groups. Its excellent heat resistance dominates most thermosetting resins and will serve for heat shields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1587–1592
Illness perception and affective symptoms in gastrointestinal cancer patients: A moderated mediation analysis of meaning in life and coping
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Telka Ewa , Zarzycka Beata 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe character of the mediational relations between illness perception and affective symptoms often depends on the coping strategies used by patients. For example, these relationships may be moderated by meaning in life that plays a buffering role against the negative consequences of cancer. This study examined moderated mediation effects of meaning in life and coping on the relationship between illness perception and affective symptoms in cancer patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional research, 317 gastrointestinal cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined therapy treatments were examined. They completed measures of illness perception, affective symptoms, meaning in life, and coping. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the PROCESS macro.ResultsIllness perception was negatively associated with meaning in life and problem‐ and meaning‐focused coping but was positively associated with affective symptoms: fear, depression, and irritability. Two coping strategies—problem‐ and meaning‐focused—mediated the relationship between illness perception and affective symptoms. Meaning in life turned out to be a moderator of the indirect effects of illness perception on affective symptoms through problem‐ and meaning‐focused coping.ConclusionsThe relationship of illness perception with affective symptoms is embedded in moderated mediation effects of meaning in life and coping. It implies that emotional adjustment to the illness depends on the interplay between the ways in which cancer patients perceive their illness and the coping strategies used by them.
Exploring physiotherapists' considerations regarding the use of psychosocial strategies in practice
Authors: Driver Christina , Oprescu Florin , Lovell Geoff P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate what factors physiotherapists consider when deciding whether to use psychosocial strategies with their patients and what factors they consider when choosing a specific approach.MethodsContent analysis of two open‐ended questions contained within a cross‐sectional survey was conducted. Australian physiotherapists (N = 201) provided written comments.ResultsTextual data were subjected to content analysis. Two key categories emerged: practitioner considerations and patient considerations. Subcategories included physiotherapist factors, practice environment, patient biological factors, patient psychological factors, and patient social factors. When contemplating the use of psychosocial strategies, physiotherapists' responses aligned with a biopsychosocial perspective. The most common consideration overall was patient attitudes. Physiotherapists reflected on which specific psychosocial strategies they perceived were beneficial for a particular patient based on their presentation. Scope of practice was a minor factor in their decision‐making process, as physiotherapists considered their knowledge, confidence, and skill base more frequently.ConclusionPhysiotherapists incorporate a biopsychosocial framework in their assessment of patients with regard to potential use of psychosocial strategies. Physiotherapists displayed language that reflected a developed understanding of psychological and social issues with respect to their patients' presentation. Nonetheless, selection of psychosocial strategies was predominantly based on experience, success with an approach, perceived knowledge, skill, and confidence, as opposed to evidence‐based efficacy of such strategies. These findings have implications for the training of physiotherapists. Desired outcomes are enhancing management of patients based on a biopsychosocial approach and ensuring inclusion of appropriate, relevant, and evidence‐based psychosocial strategies within their accepted scope of practice.
‐Algebras, the BV Formalism, and Classical Fields
Authors: Jurčo Branislav , Macrelli Tommaso , Raspollini Lorenzo , Sämann Christian , Wolf Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe summarise some of our recent works on‐algebras and quasi‐groups with regard to higher principal bundles and their applications in twistor theory and gauge theory. In particular, after a lightning review of‐algebras, we discuss their Maurer–Cartan theory and explain that any classical field theory admitting an action can be reformulated in this context with the help of the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism. As examples, we explore higher Chern–Simons theory and Yang–Mills theory. We also explain how these ideas can be combined with those of twistor theory to formulate maximally superconformal gauge theories in four and six dimensions by means of‐quasi‐isomorphisms, and we propose a twistor space action.
The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ming , Lövei Gabor L , Ferrante Marco , Yang Nian‐Wan , Wan Fang‐Hao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED, is a destructive insect pest in many countries of the world. Although the use of insecticides for controlling B. tabaci has been effective to a certain extent, pesticides are not an acceptable long‐term control method, and alternatives should be sought. This paper focuses on the possibility of controlling B. tabaci on cotton using trap and barrier crops. We performed field experiments using cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as trap crops, and maize (Zea mays) as a barrier crop in various configurations in Hebei Province, North China.RESULTSThe main activity periods were shortest on cantaloupe and ranged between 16–32 days for immatures and 14–33 days for adults. Adult whitefly densities were not significantly reduced by any treatment. During the main activity period, maize intercropping reduced densities of immature whiteflies from 24.2 individuals (ind.) 100 cm−2 to 4.0 ind.100 cm−2, but all treatments were successful in significantly reducing immature B. tabaci densities. This resulted in a significant yield premium.CONCLUSIONSIntercropping reduced B. tabaci densities on cotton more than perimeter planting. Maize was more effective to reduce densities of immature whiteflies on cotton than cantaloupe. The results will contribute to the development of more effective and practical approaches for protecting cotton from B. tabaci and lowering chemical pressure on this crop. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry