bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Tentang Standar Keselamatan Lalu Lintas Dan Angkutan Jalan
Authors: Pinayungan Jimmi , Kusmanto Heri , Isnaini Isnaini 
Published: June 2018

<p class="Default">Peningkatan transportasi di Indonesia cukup signifikan khususnya di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Hal ini tentu akan berdampak negatif bagi pengguna transportasi jika tidak menerapkan standar keselamatan dalam berkendaraan. Menteri Perhubungan RI telah mengeluarkan Peaturan Nomor 26 tahun 2015 tentang Standar Keselamatan Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan yang bertujuan meminimalisir terjadinya kecelakaan di jalan raya. Adanya peraturan tersebut tentu dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kecelakaan apabila implementasinya diterapkan dengan baik oleh para pengguna kendaraan termasuk transportasi umum seperti bus ALS. Akan tetapi ada beberapa kejadian kecelakaan yang justru melibatkan bus ALS, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian penelitian mengenai Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor 26 tahun 2015 tentang Standar Keselamatan Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan, dengan studi kasus pada PT. Antar Lintas Sumatera (ALS) Medan. Metode penelitian ini yaitu destriktif kualitatif, yang menggunakan <em>key informan </em>sebagai subyek<strong> </strong>penelitian, untuk menganalisis<strong> </strong>perkembangan informasi maupun<strong> </strong>sumbernya, maka teknik pengambilan<strong> </strong>sampel yang digunakan <em>snowball sampling</em>. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh manajemen dan pegawai di PT. ALS Medan, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan hanya sebahagian dari pihak manajemen dan pegawai PT. ALS Medan yang dimulai dari arahan <em>key informan</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Peraturan tersebut sudah diterapkan oleh pengelola jasa angkutan PT. ALS Medan dengan baik dan benar karena keempat variabel yaitu Komunikasi, Sumber Daya, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi cukup mendukung berjalannya implementasi kebijakan yang ada diperusahaan. Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) perusahaan juga sudah mengadopsi pada Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor 26 tahun 2015.</p>
Değerler Eğitimi ve Ahîlik İlkeleri
Authors: ÇOBAN Mustafa 
Published: June 2018

Fütüvvet geleneğinin
etkisiyle tesis edilmiş ve XIII-XX. yüzyıllar arası mevcudiyetini devam ettirmiş
olan Ahîlik, ferdî, iktisadî, sosyal ve kültürel hayatımızda önemli
etkileri olmuş bir esnaf teşkilatıdır. Esnafın belirli ilkeler etrafında
eğitilerek sosyalleşmesinin sağlanması, ticarî hayatta oluşturulan güvenle
sosyal sermayeye katkıda bulunması Ahîlik kurumunun önemini bir kat daha
arttırmıştır. Günümüzde toplumun sıkça şikayet ettiği konulardan birisi de
ticarî hayatı dizayn eden ilkelerden sapılması sonucunda güven kaybı ve
insanımızın ticarî faaliyetlerde aldanma, kaybetme endişesi taşımasıdır.
Sosyal bir problemin özünü teşkil eden bu konu aslında ekonomi-ahlâk dengesi
şeklinde ele alınabilir. Literatür taraması yoluyla yapılan bu araştırma
sonucunda geçmişte yaşanan önemli bir tecrübenin günümüz problemlerinin
çözümüne katkı sağlayarak sosyal sermayenin artışında, sosyal huzurun
sağlanması ve değer kaybının önlenmesinde önemli etki yapabileceği
değerlendirilmektedir.
The Multiple Pre-main-sequence System PR Ori and the Associated HH 305 Flow
Authors: Reipurth Bo , Herbig G. H. , Bally J. , Geballe T. R. , Bowler B. P. , Raga A. C. , Chiang H.-F. , Connelley M. S. , Aspin C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A detailed imaging and spectroscopic analysis is presented of the little-studied T Tauri star PR Ori and its associated Herbig–Haro flow HH 305, located on the outskirts of the L1641-N cluster in Orion. PR Ori is shown to be a multiple system, where the A component is a close 0.″077 binary, and the B component, at a distance of 3.″50, is the driver of the large Herbig–Haro flow. A low-luminosity source, here called C, is located 9.″3 to the southeast and is shown spectroscopically to be straddling the stellar/brown dwarf boundary. The corresponding separations in projection are 32, 1450, and 3900 au, respectively. Although PR Ori A is a weak-line T Tauri star, high-resolution optical spectra reveal high-velocity outflowing winds and, at the same time, material infalling with speeds up to 200 km s−1. PR Ori B shows a similar combination of outflow and infall but is a strong Hα emission star, with a major near-infrared excess that dominates the luminosity of the system at wavelengths longer than ∼5 μm. HH 305 displays three pairs of knots symmetrically on either side of PR Ori, with higher velocities near the source and gradually decreasing velocities with increasing distance from the source. The innermost knots show bubble-like morphologies, very different from a collimated jet, with the northern lobe redshifted and the southern lobe blueshifted. The origin and nature of this unusual Herbig–Haro flow is discussed.
Free Neutron Ejection from Shock Breakout in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Ishii Ayako , Shigeyama Toshikazu , Tanaka Masaomi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Merging neutron stars generate shock waves that disintegrate heavy nuclei into nucleons, especially in the outer envelope. It is expected that some of these neutrons, having avoided capturing positrons, remain as free neutrons even after the disappearance of electron–positron pairs. To investigate how many free neutrons can be ejected from merging neutron stars, we performed special-relativistic Lagrangian hydrodynamics computations with simplified models of this phenomenon in which a spherically symmetric shock wave propagates in the hydrostatic envelope and emerges from the surface. We systematically study a wide parameter space of the size of the merging neutron stars and the energy involved in the shock waves. As a result, it is found that the mass of remaining free neutrons is 10−7 to 10−6 M
⊙, which is smaller than the previously expected mass by more than two orders of magnitude. There is a preferred energy of the order of 1048 erg that yields the maximum amount of free neutrons for large sizes of the envelope. We briefly discuss the emission from the free neutron layer and estimate the luminosity in the optical band to be about 7 × 1041 erg s

∼30 minutes after the merger.
The Influence of Accretion Disk Thickness on the Large-scale Magnetic Dynamo
Authors: Hogg J. Drew , Reynolds Christopher S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The evolution of the magnetic field from the large-scale dynamo is considered a central feature of the accretion disk around a black hole. The resulting low-frequency oscillations introduced from the growth and decay of the field strength, along with the change in field orientation, play an integral role in the accretion disk behavior. Despite the importance of this process and how commonly it is invoked to explain variable features, it still remains poorly understood. We present a study of the dynamo using a suite of four global, high-resolution, MHD accretion disk simulations. We systematically vary the scale height ratio and find the large-scale dynamo fails to organize above a scale height ratio of h/r ≳ 0.2. Using spacetime diagrams of the azimuthal magnetic field, we show the large-scale dynamo is well ordered in the thinner accretion disk models, but fails to develop the characteristic “butterfly” pattern when the scale height ratio is increased, a feature which is also reflected in the power spectra. Additionally, we calculate the dynamo α-parameter and generate synthetic light curves. Using an emission proxy, we find the disks have markedly different characters as stochastic photometric fluctuations have a larger amplitude when the dynamo is unordered.
On Cosmic-Ray-driven Grain Chemistry in Cold Core Models
Authors: Shingledecker Christopher N. , Tennis Jessica , Gal Romane Le , Herbst Eric 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we present preliminary results illustrating the effect of cosmic rays on solid-phase chemistry in models of both TMC-1 and several sources with physical conditions identical to TMC-1 except for hypothetically enhanced ionization rates. Using a recent theory for the addition of cosmic-ray-induced reactions to astrochemical models, we calculated the radiochemical yields, called G values, for the primary dust grain ice-mantle constituents. We show that the inclusion of this nonthermal chemistry can lead to the formation of complex organic molecules from simpler ice-mantle constituents, even under cold core conditions. In addition to enriching ice mantles, we find that these new radiation-chemical processes can lead to increased gas-phase abundances as well, particularly for HOCO, NO2, HC2O, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), and ethanol (CH3CH2OH). These model results imply that HOCO—and perhaps NO2—might be observable in TMC-1. Future detections of either of these two species in cold interstellar environments could provide strong support for the importance of cosmic-ray-driven radiation chemistry. The increased gas-phase abundance of methyl formate can be compared with abundances achieved through other formation mechanisms such as pure gas-phase chemistry and surface reactions.
Spectra and Structure of Accretion Disks with Nonzero Inner Torque
Authors: Dezen Theodore , Flores Bryan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present numerical spectral and vertical structure calculations appropriate for near-Eddington-luminosity, radiation-pressure-dominated accretion disks around stellar-mass black holes. We cover a wide range of black hole spins and incorporate dissipation profiles based on first-principles three-dimensional MHD disk interior simulations. We also include nonzero stresses at the innermost stable circular orbit, which results in the disk effective temperature increasing rapidly toward the black hole and gives rise to rather extreme conditions with high temperatures and low surface densities. We found that local annulus spectra become increasingly characteristic of saturated Comptonization with decreasing distance to the black hole. While the spectra become harder with increasing black hole spin, they do not give rise to a broad power-law tail even at maximum spin. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of the steep power-law state and the associated high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in some X-ray binary systems.
Do Close-in Giant Planets Orbiting Evolved Stars Prefer Eccentric Orbits?
Authors: Grunblatt Samuel K. , Huber Daniel , Gaidos Eric , Lopez Eric D. , Barclay Thomas , Chontos Ashley , Sinukoff Evan , Van Eylen Vincent , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard T. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The NASA Kepler and K2 Missions have recently revealed a population of transiting giant planets orbiting moderately evolved, low-luminosity red giant branch stars. Here, we present radial velocity (RV) measurements of three of these systems, revealing significantly non-zero orbital eccentricities in each case. Comparing these systems with the known planet population suggests that close-in giant planets around evolved stars tend to have more eccentric orbits than those around main sequence stars. We interpret this as tentative evidence that the orbits of these planets pass through a transient, moderately eccentric phase where they shrink faster than they circularize due to tides raised on evolved host stars. Additional RV measurements of currently known systems, along with new systems discovered by the recently launched NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, may constrain the timescale and mass dependence of this process.
Discovery of Pulsation Dropout and Turn-on during the High State of the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar LMC X-4
Authors: Brumback McKinley C. , Hickox Ryan C. , Bachetti Matteo , Ballhausen Ralf , Fürst Felix S. , Pike Sean , Pottschmidt Katja , Tomsick John A. , Wilms Jörn 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Two Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations of the luminous X-ray pulsar LMC X-4 in 2015 October and November captured several bright accretion flares from this source, which has a long history of stable pulse and superorbital behavior. We present a timing analysis of these data in which we detect a rapid pulse “turn-on” in association with the accretion flares, during which the source reaches super-Eddington luminosities. Pulsations, which are normally seen from this source, are found to only occur for approximately one hour before and during the bright flares. Beyond one hour before and after the flares, we find pulsations to be weak or nonexistent, with fractional rms amplitudes of less than 0.05. At the onset of the flare, the pulse profiles exhibit a phase shift of 0.25 cycles that could be associated with a change in the emission geometry. This increase in pulse strength occurring well before the flare cannot be explained by the propeller effect, and potentially offers a connection between the magnetic properties of pulsars that accrete close to their Eddington limits and ultra-luminous X-ray pulsars.
Semi-automatic Extraction of Plants Morphological Characters from Taxonomic Descriptions Written in Spanish
Authors: Mora Maria , Araya José 
Published: June 2018

Taxonomic literature keeps records of the planet's biodiversity and gives access to the knowledge needed for its sustainable management. Unfortunately, most of the taxonomic information is available in scientific publications in text format. The amount of publications generated is very large; therefore, to process it in order to obtain high structured texts would be complex and very expensive. Approaches like citizen science may help the process by selecting whole fragments of texts dealing with morphological descriptions; but a deeper analysis, compatible with accepted ontologies, will require specialised tools. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) estimates that there are more than 120 million pages published in over 5.4 million books since 1469, plus about 800,000 monographs and 40,000 journal titles (12,500 of these are current titles).
It is necessary to develop standards and software tools to extract, integrate and publish this information into existing free and open access repositories of biodiversity knowledge to support science, education and biodiversity conservation.
This document presents an algorithm based on computational linguistics techniques to extract structured information from morphological descriptions of plants written in Spanish. The developed algorithm is based on the work of Dr. Hong Cui from the University of Arizona; it uses semantic analysis, ontologies and a repository of knowledge acquired from the same descriptions. The algorithm was applied to the books Trees of Costa Rica Volume III (TCRv3), Trees of Costa Rica Volume IV (TCRv4) and to a subset of descriptions of the Manual of Plants of Costa Rica (MPCR) with very competitive results (more than 92.5% of average performance). The system receives the morphological descriptions in tabular format and generates XML documents. The XML schema allows documenting structures, characters and relations between characters and structures. Each extracted object is associated with attributes like name, value, modifiers, restrictions, ontology term id, amongst other attributes.
The implemented tool is free software. It was developed using Java and integrates existing technology as FreeLing, the Plant Ontology (PO), the Plant Glossary, the Ontology Term Organizer (OTO) and the Flora Mesoamericana English-Spanish Glossary.
Les « éducations à », une remise en cause de la forme scolaire ?
Authors: Barthes Angela , Alpe Yves 
Published: June 2018

La mise en place de systèmes éducatifs s’est accompagnée au xix e siècle de l’instauration d’une forme scolaire normative. Mais la volonté de faire prendre en charge par l’éducation des questions globales de société, via , entre autres, les « éducations à » s’accompagnent de tendances à la remise en cause de la forme scolaire. Elles posent des problèmes épistémologiques vis-à-vis des disciplines, car celles-ci sont fondées non plus sur la référence à un champ scientifique, mais sur une dominante thématique (l’environnement, la santé, le développement durable, le patrimoine…), et laissent une large place aux valeurs. L’article s’appuie sur plusieurs études curriculaires issues de l’éducation formelle ou non formelle et s’attache à montrer que les « éducations à » participent à une hybridation curriculaire par co-construction entre l’éducation formelle et non formelle, qu’elles remettent en cause certains fondements didactiques et posent des problèmes de légitimité de plusieurs natures, avec un risque de dérive idéologique.
L’éducation artistique : carrefour entre acteurs formels et informels ?
Authors: Maziere Christelle 
Published: June 2018

L’éducation artistique telle qu’elle existe au sein du système éducatif français se caractérise par un ensemble de situations pédagogiques durant lesquelles un individu est en lien avec une expression artistique. Trois types de pratiques composent aujourd’hui l’éducation artistique : l’enseignement de l’histoire des arts, les ateliers de pratiques artistiques et enfin les pratiques culturelles de classes. Ces trois types de situations voient concourir une pluralité d’acteurs qui ne relèvent pas exclusivement de l’institution scolaire. Cet article propose donc d’analyser comment l’émergence de l’éducation artistique a favorisé la structuration d’un carrefour d’acteurs issus de l’école ou non . La première partie est basée sur une analyse des circulaires publiées entre 1989 et 2013 qui ont dressé son actuelle définition. La seconde partie de l’article repose sur des descriptions de pratiques par des enseignants dans des classes du premier degré. Le matériau textuel recueilli donne alors lieu à une analyse textuelle afin d’identifier leur positionnement en tant qu’acteur de l’éducation artistique.
L’éducation informelle contre la forme scolaire ?
Authors: Garnier Bruno 
Published: June 2018

L’impératif d’efficacité économique conduit-il l’institution scolaire à remettre en question la forme qui lui a été donnée depuis trois siècles ? La forme scolaire est-elle condamnée à céder la place à des modes d’éducation informelle prenant en compte le contexte social et économique local ? Après l’impulsion donnée par les organisations internationales au développement économique des anciens pays colonisés, le domaine de l’éducation a eu recours à la trilogie formel, non-formel, informel, mais toutes les sociétés, riches ou pauvres, ont développé des modalités éducatives relevant de l’éducation informelle. Si l’éducation formelle se caractérise par la décontextualisation des savoirs, le lien entre étude et travail productif implique que l’éducation informelle soit contextualisée. De son côté Guy Vincent a défini les invariants de la forme scolaire, qu’il fait remonter aux écoles chrétiennes du xvii e siècle, et la production de disciplines scolaires qui sont autant des séparations conventionnelles de champs du savoir que des moyens de moraliser les esprits. Aujourd’hui, les ressorts des apprentissages informels sont devenus incontournables dans la conception des parcours de formation, de la petite enfance à l’âge scolaire et tout au long de la vie. L’appréhension de la complexité des savoirs indispensables pour comprendre la complexité du monde paraît de moins en moins à la portée exclusive de l’éducation formelle, et la socialisation se fait de plus en plus au travers d’expérimentations entre pairs, par les usages de l’internet et des réseaux sociaux, c’est-à-dire par l’éducation informelle. Dès lors se pose la question de savoir si le salut de la forme scolaire aujourd’hui en crise mais toujours dominatrice reposerait sur une meilleure prise en compte des apprentissages informels. Le rapport dialogique dans lequel sont entrées ces deux notions pourrait-il faire en sorte que la forme scolaire, sous l’influence de l’éducation informelle, deviendrait capable de favoriser la socialisation démocratique des futurs citoyens dans un monde complexe ?
Les connaissances actuelles sur la communication corporelle des enseignants en situation de classe : quelle place accordée à la complexité au sein des recherches ?
Authors: Visioli Jérôme , Petiot Oriane 
Published: June 2018

L’objet de cette revue de littérature est d’analyser les connaissances actuelles sur la communication corporelle des enseignants, en montrant que les recherches accordent une place différente à la complexité. Deux types d’études sont présentés : (1) celles considérant les communications corporelles de l’enseignant comme des prescripteurs de l’efficacité des apprentissages ; (2) celles considérant les communications corporelles comme des médiateurs de l’interaction entre l’enseignant et la situation de classe. Pour chaque partie, cinq éléments sont envisagés : (1) les formes de la communication corporelle ; (2) les fonctions de la communication corporelle ; (3) les liens entre la communication corporelle et le contexte de classe ; (4) le caractère inconscient de la communication corporelle ; (5) une synthèse sur la place de la complexité. Nous proposons en conclusion des axes de recherches novatrices sur la communication corporelle des enseignants ainsi que des pistes de réflexion à destination des formations d’enseignants.
L’Empire ottoman : retour sur la gestion politique d’un espace pluriel
Authors: Georgeon François 
Published: June 2018

L’empire ottoman a été d’une diversité considérable sur le plan ethnique et religieux. La gestion de ce pluralisme s’est d’abord opérée de façon inégalitaire mais apaisée avant qu’une réorientation politique s’opère au XIX e siècle. La perspective d’une égalité citoyenne a semblé déboucher avec la révolution de 1908. Entre-temps, un changement de contexte au sein même de l’empire et sur son voisinage avait commencé à déstabiliser l’édifice ottoman qui s’est finalement effondré. Revenir sur la gestion de la diversité par les Ottomans demeure nécessaire quand il s’agit aujourd’hui de penser des sociétés plurielles.
La confrontation Sunnites-Alevis en Turquie : l’impossible reconnaissance
Authors: Zarcone Thierry 
Published: June 2018

La reconnaissance de l’islam des Alévis, qui constitue un groupe à part en raison de ses croyances singulières, à côté des importantes composantes sunnite et chiite de cette religion, constitue un enjeu majeur pour la Turquie contemporaine. Le parti AKP de Recep Tayib Erdoğan, au pouvoir depuis 2002, s’emploie, en effet, à essayer de trouver une place et juridique, et religieuse à cette mouvance mais son conservatisme place des obstacles théologiques insurmontables. Il est, en conséquence, impossible à l’AKP de reconnaître les alévismes tels quels, leurs croyances et leurs rites étant inacceptables s’ils ne sont pas réinterprétés, remodelés ou corrigés conformément aux normes du sunnisme auquel le parti est lié, ou du chiisme qu’il reconnaît.
Les alaouites dans l’histoire du Proche-Orient moderne : une intégration inachevée
Authors: Paoli Bruno 
Published: June 2018

L’histoire des alaouites de Syrie est celle d’une minorité musulmane chiite méprisée et persécutée dont l’intégration à son environnement social, économique et politique a tardé à se faire et reste encore inachevée. La politique de l’Empire ottoman, alternant coercition et volonté d’intégration, permit toutefois de former, au tournant du xx e siècle, et malgré la résistance des élites citadines sunnites, des personnalités alaouites qui jouèrent un rôle de plus en plus actif dans la vie sociale, économique et politique de la région, puis, à l’époque du Mandat français, dans celle de la Syrie naissante. Ils contribuèrent, ce faisant, à un début d’émancipation de la communauté qui, à l’indépendance du pays et jusqu’au coup d’État de 1963, fut malheureusement classée sans suite par les élites citadines sunnites qui monopolisaient le pouvoir.