bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint of silicic magma degassing visualised through chlorine microscopy
Authors: Yoshimura Shumpei , Kuritani Takeshi , Matsumoto Akiko , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVolatile-rich silicic magma erupts either explosively as a jet of a mixture of pyroclasts and high-temperature gas, or non-explosively to effuse lava. The bifurcation of the eruption style is widely recognised as being controlled by the efficiency of open-system gas loss from vesiculated magma during ascent. However, the fundamental question of how the gas escapes from highly viscous magma still remains unsolved because the pathways of gas flow are rarely preserved in dense lava. Here we show that such pathways are visualised in groundmass glass using high-resolution chlorine (Cl) mapping analysis on the rhyolitic lava of the Mukaiyama volcano, Japan. The results showed that the glass was highly heterogeneous in Cl content. A spatial distribution of the Cl content in the groundmass glass showed that volatiles diffused towards most bubbles, but the bubbles collapsed into the dense melt rather than growing. All observations, in combination with melt inclusion analysis, indicate that vesiculation, the formation of interconnected bubble channels, open-system gas loss via the channels, and channel collapse repeated within the period of a few days to two weeks during ascent. This cycle repeated individually in centimetre-sized portions of magma with different timing.
L-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox snake venom triggers autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in normal human keratinocytes
Authors: Costal-Oliveira Fernanda , Stransky Stephanie , Guerra-Duarte Clara , Naves de Souza Dayane L. , Vivas-Ruiz Dan E. , Yarlequé Armando , Sanchez Eladio Flores , Chávez-Olórtegui Carlos , Braga Vania M. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSnake venom L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoproteins, which perform diverse biological activities in the victim such as edema, myotoxicity and cytotoxicity, contributing to the development of clinical symptoms of envenomation. LAAO cytotoxicity has been described, but the temporal cascade of events leading to cell death has not been explored so far. This study evaluates the involvement of LAAO in dermonecrosis in mice and its cytotoxic effects in normal human keratinocytes, the major cell type in the epidermis, a tissue that undergoes extensive necrosis at the snakebite site. Pharmacological inhibition by the antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) prevented B. atrox venom-induced necrosis. Consistent with the potential role of oxidative stress in wounding, treatment with purified LAAO decreased keratinocyte viability with an Effective Concentration (EC50) of 5.1 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity caused by LAAO was mediated by H2O2 and treated cells underwent autophagy, followed by apoptosis and necrosis. LAAO induced morphological alterations that precede cell death. Our results show the chronological events leading to cell death and the temporal resolution from autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis as distinct mechanisms triggered by LAAO. Fluorescently-labelled LAAO was efficiently and rapidly internalized by keratinocytes, suggesting that catalysis of intracellular substrates may contribute to LAAO toxicity. A better understanding of LAAO cytotoxicity and its mechanism of action will help to identify potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate localized snake envenomation symptoms.
Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequences of four major Amorphophallus species
Authors: Liu Erxi , Yang Chaozhu , Liu Jiangdong , Jin Surong , Harijati Nunung , Hu Zhongli , Diao Ying , Zhao Lingling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmorphophallus (Araceae) contains more than 170 species that are mainly distributed in Asia and Africa. Because the bulbs of Amorphophallus are rich in glucomannan, they have been widely used in food, medicine, the chemical industry and so on. To better understand the evolutionary relationships and mutation patterns in the chloroplast genome of Amorphophallus, the complete chloroplast genomes of four species were sequenced. The chloroplast genome sequences of A. albus, A. bulbifer, A. konjac and A. muelleri ranged from 162,853 bp to 167,424 bp. The A. albus chloroplast (cp) genome contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The A. bulbifer cp genome contains 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. A. muelleri contains 111 and 113 genes, comprising 78 and 80 protein-coding genes, respectively, 29 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The IR (inverted repeat) region/LSC (long single copy) region and IR/SSC (short single copy) region borders of the four Amorphophallus cp genomes were compared. In addition to some genes being deleted, variations in the copy numbers and intron numbers existed in some genes in the four cp genomes. One hundred thirty-four to 164 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were detected in the four cp genomes. In addition, the highest mononucleotide SSRs were composed of A and T repeat units, and the majority of dinucleotides were composed of AT and TA. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and indels (insertion-deletions) were calculated from coding genes and noncoding genes, respectively. These divergences comprising SSRs, SNPs and indel markers will be useful in testing the maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome, identifying species differentiation and even in breeding programs. Furthermore, the regression of ndhK was detected from four Amorphophallus cp genomes in our study. Complete cp genome sequences of four Amorphophallus species and other plants were used to perform phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that Amorphophallus was clustered in Araceae, and Amorphophallus was divided into two clades; A. albus and A. konjac were clustered in one clade, and A. bulbifer and A. muelleri were clustered in another clade. Phylogenetic analysis among the Amorphophallus genus was conducted based on matK and rbcL. The phylogenetic trees showed that the relationships among the Amorphophallus species were consistent with their geographical locations. The complete chloroplast genome sequence information for the four Amorphophallus species will be helpful for elucidating Amorphophallus phylogenetic relationships.
Aggregating behaviour in invasive Caribbean lionfish is driven by habitat complexity
Authors: Hunt Christina L. , Kelly George R. , Windmill Hannah , Curtis-Quick Jocelyn , Conlon Helen , Bodmer Max D. V. , Rogers Alex D. , Exton Dan A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCaribbean lionfish (Pterois spp.) are considered the most heavily impacting invasive marine vertebrate ever recorded. However, current management is largely inadequate, relying on opportunistic culling by recreational SCUBA divers. Culling efficiency could be greatly improved by exploiting natural aggregations, but to date this behaviour has only been recorded anecdotally, and the drivers are unknown. We found aggregations to be common in situ, but detected no conspecific attraction through visual or olfactory cues in laboratory experiments. Aggregating individuals were on average larger, but showed no further differences in morphology or life history. However, using visual assessments and 3D modelling we show lionfish prefer broad-scale, but avoid fine-scale, habitat complexity. We therefore suggest that lionfish aggregations are coincidental based on individuals’ mutual attraction to similar reef structure to maximise hunting efficiency. Using this knowledge, artificial aggregation devices might be developed to concentrate lionfish densities and thus improve culling efficiency.
Parathyroid hormone and premature thymus ageing in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Iio Kenichiro , Kabata Daijiro , Iio Rei , Imai Yosuke , Hatanaka Masaki , Omori Hiroki , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Saeki Yukihiko , Shintani Ayumi , Hamano Takayuki , Isaka Yoshitaka , Ando Yutaka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPremature immune ageing, including thymic atrophy, is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which are mineral and bone disorder (MBD)-related factors, affect immune cells and possibly cause thymic atrophy. We examined the cross-sectional association between thymic atrophy, evaluated as the number of CD3+CD4+CD45RA+CD31+ cells [recent thymic emigrants (RTE)/μL], and MBD-related factors [(serum PTH, FGF23, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level] in 125 patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 17 mL/min/1.73 m2. Older age (r = −0.46), male sex (r = −0.34), lower eGFR (r = 0.27), lower serum-corrected calcium (r = 0.27), higher PTH (r = −0.36), and higher ALP level (r = −0.20) were identified as determinants of lower number of RTE. In contrast, serum concentrations of FGF23 and phosphorus were not correlated with RTE. Multivariate non-linear regression analysis indicated a negative association between serum PTH and log-transformed RTE (P = 0.030, P for non-linearity = 0.124). However, the serum levels of FGF23 and ALP were not associated with RTE. In patients with CKD, serum PTH concentrations were related to thymic atrophy which contributes to immune abnormality.
Both anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of novel drug candidate ABX464 are mediated by modulation of RNA splicing
Authors: Vautrin Audrey , Manchon Laurent , Garcel Aude , Campos Noëlie , Lapasset Laure , Laaref Abdelhamid Mahdi , Bruno Roman , Gislard Marie , Dubois Emeric , Scherrer Didier , Ehrlich J Hartmut , Tazi Jamal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractABX464 is a first-in-class, clinical-stage, small molecule for oral administration that has shown strong anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS-model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and also prevents replication of the HIV virus. ABX464 which binds to cap binding complex (CBC) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in a phase 2a proof-of-concept clinical trial in patients with Ulcerative colitis. Previously, with limited technologies, it was not possible to quantify the effect of ABX464 on viral and cellular RNA biogenesis. Here, using RNA CaptureSeq and deep sequencing, we report that ABX464 enhances the splicing of HIV RNA in infected PBMCs from six healthy individuals and also the expression and splicing of a single long noncoding RNA to generate the anti-inflammatory miR-124 both ex vivo and in HIV patients. While ABX464 has no effect on pre-mRNA splicing of cellular genes, depletion of CBC complex by RNAi leads to accumulation of intron retention transcripts. These results imply that ABX464 did not inhibit the function of CBC in splicing but rather strengthens it under pathological condition like inflammation and HIV infection. The specific dual ability of ABX464 to generate both anti-inflammatory miR-124 and spliced viral RNA may have applicability for the treatment of both inflammatory diseases and HIV infection.
Chemical composition and hepatoprotective effect of essential oil fromMyrtus communisL. flowers against CCL4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ben Hsouna Anis , Dhibi Sabah , Dhifi Wissal , Mnif Wissem , Ben Nasr hmed , Hfaiedh Najla 
Published: January 2019

Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal species from the Myrtaceae family.
The proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma are inhibited by miR-101 via targetting ZEB2
Authors: Lin Haopeng , Zheng Xiaodong , Lu Ting , Gu Yang , Zheng Canhao , Yan Huajie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Having a better grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and progression in osteosarcoma would be helpful to find novel therapeutic targets. Different types of cancers have presented abnormal expression of miRNA-101 (miR-101). Nevertheless, we still could not figure out what expression of miR-101 in human osteosarcoma is and its biological function. Thus, we conducted the present study to identify its expression, function, and molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma. We detected the expression of miR-101 in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines. The effects of miR-101 on osteosarcoma cells’ proliferation and invasion were evaluated. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the direct target of miR-101. Compared with adjacent normal specimens and normal bone cell line by using qPCR, the expression levels of miR-101 in osteosarcoma specimens and human osteosarcoma cell lines distinctly decreased. According to function assays, we found that overexpression of miR-101 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, we confirmed that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) was a direct target of miR-101. In addition, overexpression of ZEB2 could rescue the inhibition effect of proliferation and invasion induced by miR-101 in osteosarcoma cells. MiR-101 has been proved to be down-regulated in osteosarcoma and has the ability to suppress osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by directly targetting ZEB2.
Using nomograms to predict prognostic factors in young colorectal mucinous and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Wang Baochun , Zeng Juntao , Liu Yuren 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to insufficient quantitative evaluation of the clinic-pathological features and prognosis of young colorectal cancer (CRC) with mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC), the aim of our study was to develop a nomogram to identify the prognostic predictors for overall survival (OS) in this patient population. We retrospectively evaluated the patient records of MAC and SRC patients aged ≤ 40 years. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank testing were performed to estimate OS. A nomogram predicting OS was created for risk quantitation and decision tree analysis was performed for patient grouping. With a median follow-up of 36.5 months, we included a total of 90 young CRC patients for analysis. The overall cumulate 5-year OS rate was 57.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1–68.5%). The estimated 5-year OS was 62.9% (95% CI: 48.5–74.3%) for MAC and 37.3% (95% CI: 14.4–61.2%) for SRC (P=0.021). The recurrence rate was significantly greater in the SRC group compared with the mucinous group (52.4 compared with 26.1%, P=0.047). In the multivariate Cox regression model, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) were found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio (HR): 2.43; 95% CI: 1.13–5.62, P=0.024; HR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.083–0.57, P=0.002, respectively). Nomograms predicting 3- and 5-year OS were established that performed well (concordance index (c-indexes) of 0.636, 95% CI: 0.549–723) for OS. For MAC and SRC disease, a greater proportion of young patients present with advanced disease, and the prognosis for young SRC patients is poorer than MAC. Furthermore, preoperative CEA levels and cycles of adjuvant CT seem to independently affect the OS in this patient population.
Zum Umgang mit Fieber in der homöopathischen Kinderarztpraxis
Authors: Lucae Christian 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Kinderarztpraxis ist man so gut wie täglich mit dem Symptom Fieber konfrontiert. Dabei sollte zunächst „Fieber“ als Hauptbeschwerde mit den damit verbundenen Ängsten der Eltern immer ernst genommen und anschließend die zugrundeliegende Erkrankung diagnostiziert werden. Nach einem Exkurs zum Fieberbegriff in der Geschichte der Homöopathie werden sowohl die aktuellen Leitlinien zur konventionellen Fiebersenkung als auch der homöopathische Behandlungsansatz besprochen, der anhand einer Krankengeschichte eines Kleinkindes mit zahlreichen fieberhaften Episoden illustriert wird.
Orbitale Manifestation der IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung: eine Fallserie
Authors: Kroll Judith , Pitz Susanne , Brockmann Marc 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie IgG4-assoziierte Orbitopathie (IgG4-related orbital disease/IgG4 ROD) ist selten und gehört zu der erst in den letzten Jahren beschriebenen Multisystemerkrankung, der IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung. Differenzialdiagnostisch ist sie von der idiopathischen orbitalen Entzündung, der endokrinen Orbitopathie und von einer orbitalen Neoplasie zu unterscheiden. Die Bildgebung mit MRT und eine Probenentnahme sind entscheidend für die Diagnose. Patienten mit dieser Erkrankung sprechen gut auf Steroide an. Im Folgenden werden 3 klinisch sehr unterschiedliche Manifestationen der orbitalen IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung vorgestellt.
Dermatoskopische Muster zur Mikrosporie und Pityriasis rosea bei Kindern
Authors: Ufimtseva M. , Martynov A. , Vlasova A. , Antonova S. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit umfasst eine Literaturrecherche und eigene Untersuchungen der dermatoskopischen Muster der Mikrosporie an der Haut und der Pityriasis rosea bei Kindern. Es war Ziel des Manuskripts, die Verfahren zur Differenzialdiagnostik zwischen Mikrosporie der Haut und der Pityriasis rosea bei Kindern zu untersuchen. Eine dermatoskopische Untersuchung der Läsionen der Haut erfolgt bei 120 Kindern unter Anwendung des manuellen Kontaktdermatoskops (Heine Delta 20).Bei Mikrosporie der Haut wurden folgende dermatoskopische Muster gefunden: ein Erythem ohne Gefäße bei 56 Patienten (98,2 %), weiße rundliche Flecken (mit Mikropusteln vereinbar) bei 30 Untersuchten (52,6 %), braune Flecken umgeben von einem weiß-gelben Halo mit Verlust von Vellushärchen fanden sich bei 50 Kindern (87,7 %), grobe Schuppen mit chaotischer Verteilung waren bei 55 von 57 der Patienten mit einer Mikrosporie (96,5 %) nachweisbar. Bei der Pityriasis rosea wurden folgende dermatoskopische Zeichen festgestellt: ein gelblicher Hintergrund bei 60 Kindern (95,2 %), lineare irreguläre Gefäße bei 55 Patienten (87,3 %), dünne Schuppen, an der Peripherie gelegen als Spitzenkragen bei 59 von 63 Untersuchungspersonen (93,6 %).Es wurden typische diagnostische Muster der Mikrosporie der Haut und der Pityriasis rosea bei Kindern festgestellt. Bei der Mikrosporie der Haut unterstützte das diagnostische Verfahren die Einschätzung der Beteiligung von Vellushärchen und eine rechtzeitige Verordnung der systemischen antimykotischen Therapie, was die Therapiedauer verkürzt.
Effects of Sideritis scardica Extract on Glucose Tolerance, Triglyceride Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Jeremic Ivica , Petricevic Sasa , Tadic Vanja , Petrovic Dragana , Tosic Jelena , Stanojevic Zeljka , Petronijevic Milan , Vidicevic Sasenka , Trajkovic Vladimir , Isakovic Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMenopause is characterized by deep metabolic disturbances, including decreased insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and changes in lipid profiles. Estrogen replacement therapy can partially reverse these changes, and while it is safe in most healthy postmenopausal women, there are still existing concerns regarding an increased risk for breast and endometrial cancer as well as a risk for cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease. Therefore, certain natural compounds with positive metabolic effects may be considered as a possible alternative or adjunctive treatment in patients not willing to take estrogens or patients with contraindications for estrogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Sideritis scardica (mountain tea) extract on metabolic disturbances induced by ovariectomy in rats. The study included 24 rats divided into three groups: ovariectomized rats treated with 200 mg/kg S. scardica extract for 24 weeks (n = 8), ovariectomized non-treated (n = 8), and Sham-operated (n = 8) rats. Food intake, weight gain, body composition, fasting glucose levels, response to oral glucose challenge, liver glycogen content, catalase activity, thiol groups, and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as AMP-activated protein kinase activity in liver cells were studied. Ovariectomized rats treated with S. scardica extract had lower blood triglycerides, reduced fasting glucose levels, as well lower glucose peaks after oral glucose challenge, increased liver glycogen content, and significantly higher catalase activity and thiol group concentration than non-treated ovariectomized rats. The ability of S. scardica extract to attenuate metabolic disturbances associated with ovariectomy was associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in liver cells.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Novel Topical Herbal Composition (VEL-091604) Consisting of Gentian Root, Licorice Root and Willow Bark Extract
Authors: Seiwerth Jasmin , Tasiopoulou Georgia , Hoffmann Julia , Wölfle Ute , Schwabe Kay , Quirin Karl-Werner , Schempp Christoph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe anti-inflammatory properties of the topical herbal composition VEL-091604 with gentian root, licorice root, and willow bark extract were assessed in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind ultraviolet (UV)-erythema test study with 42 healthy volunteers in comparison to 1% hydrocortisone acetate. The efficacy and tolerability of VEL-091604 cream 2 times daily over 2 wk was evaluated in an open-label, prospective proof of concept study in 10 subjects with atopic dermatitis using a lesional SCORAD severity score. In the UV-erythema test VEL-091604 cream significantly reduced inflammation compared to placebo and was as effective as 1% hydrocortisone acetate. The clinical study with atopic subjects revealed a significant and rapid reduction of the lesional SCORAD severity score in the test areas after 1 and 2 wk. No adverse events were recorded. It is concluded that the herbal cream VEL-091604 with licorice root, willow bark, and gentian root extract display anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. It is a promising new treatment option for atopic dermatitis that warrants further investigation in controlled studies.
Continuous Suture Technique for Aortic Valve Replacement: Technical Considerations and Controversies
Authors: Moeller Ellie , Nores Marcos , Stamou Sotiris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContinuous suture technique (CST) for aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a simple, secure, and fast surgical technique that has been shown to significantly decrease cross clamp time and cardiac bypass time, ultimately resulting in decreased myocardial ischemic injury, operation time, and hospital stay. However, previous studies have reported increased risk of periprosthetic regurgitation with CST for AVR. We describe our technique for AVR using CST in 100 patients with low complication rate and no perioperative paravalvular aortic insufficiency.
Historical politics in newspaper reporting
Authors: Fabiszak Małgorzata , Gruszecka Marta , Brzezińska Anna Weronika 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Historical politics is usually an institutionalised top-down phenomenon, in which the government or the cultural elites selectively formulate a historical narrative to unify and homogenize the imagined nation-state. Yet, there are also grassroots movements in the public sphere, which participate in the uses and abuses of history for identity politics. We focus on one such case: the football supporters’ commemoration activism. While football supporters’ social activism and the role of football matches as lieux de mémoire have received significant scholarly interest, their commemoration activism is as yet poorly described. In this paper we investigate how two regional newspapers of differing political position report this issue. The DHA-inspired qualitative analysis shows that Gazeta Wyborcza writes about it relatively rarely and views it as an appropriation of collective memory. Głos Wielkopolski on the other hand constructs football supporters as a rejuvenating force in local identity and memory politics.