bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Az orvostanhallgatók vakcinológiai tájékozottsága
Authors: Fehér Ágnes , Fekete Mónika , Varga János Tamás , Horváth Ildikó 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The mistrust of vaccinations is already experienced among physicians. It is important for physicians to be well informed, able to convince their patients of the usefulness of vaccinations and set good example for them in this field. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the vaccine knowledge and attitudes of the general medical students of Semmelweis University and their attitudes towards vaccinations before and after the education of ‘Public Health and Preventive Medicine’. Emphasis was placed on the students’ opinion on the vaccines against influenza, measles and hepatitis B virus and their effectiveness. Method: Data collection was done with volunteer participants, using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The relationship between education and vaccination coverage was proved by calculating Pearson’s correlation and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The knowledge of medical students is incomplete, with negative attitudes towards vaccination against influenza. Generally, respondents found the vaccines useful, but only two-thirds of them considered the influenza vaccine to be important. Students had 6.5% flu vaccination coverage before education, and 24% after education. Two-thirds (67.8%) of the students were aware that the flu vaccine could be given during an epidemic. Surprisingly, the importance of hand washing has been given a greater role in the primary prevention of influenza than flu vaccine. Conclusions: Education plays an important role in shaping the attitudes and responsible behaviour of future physicians. They need to acquire reliable knowledge to persuade their patients as practitioners to use the most effective means of primary prevention of infectious diseases. A change of attitude is needed to stop the route of infection through vaccination, to protect not only their own health but also that of their environment and thus of their patients. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(30): 1193–1199.
A plazmában keringő szabad DNS jellemzői és diagnosztikai alkalmazási lehetőségei vastagbélrák esetén
Authors: Barták Barbara Kinga , Márkus Eszter , Kalmár Alexandra , Galamb Orsolya , Szigeti Krisztina , Nagy Zsófia Brigitta , Zsigrai Sára , Tulassay Zsolt , Dank Magdolna , Igaz Péter , Molnár Béla 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are considerably high in Central European countries, it is the second most common cancer in both men and women in Hungary with 10,000 newly registered patients per year. These data indicate the necessity of new screening methods that are more comfortable for patients, hence the compliance can be increased. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level in blood is elevated in certain physiological conditions, such as pregnancy or high physical activity. Furthermore, cfDNA concentration alterations can also be detected in some pathological processes; increased cfDNA amount was observed in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in various cancers including CRC. Numerous studies about origin, function, and mechanism of cfDNA can be found in the scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to describe the quantitative and qualitative changes of cfDNA, to present its functions, and to provide an overview of the available diagnostic applications for CRC. CfDNA can be released to the circulatory system via apoptosis, necrosis or by direct secretions by living cells. In cancer patients, cfDNA can originate from healthy and cancer cells, hence genetic (e.g. mutations in APC, KRAS, BRAF) and epigenetic (e.g. methylation in SEPT9, SFRP1) alterations of tumor cells can be examined in cfDNA fraction. Several high-throughput, sensitive and even automated methods are available providing opportunity to perform standardized sample preparation and to analyse biomarker candidates quantitatively. These enhancements can help to develop alternative screening methods that can be easily integrated into the clinical practice and can contribute to early cancer detection. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(30): 1167–1177.
Penggunaan Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Hermawan Cece , Sobarningsih Nunung , Rahayu Yayu Nurhayati 
Published: July 2019

Kemampuan kognitif siswa diduga masih rendah. Salah satunya disebabkan guru di sekolah cenderung menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional yang membuat siswa menjadi tidak aktif dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan EFT menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen yang dilakukan MTs Darul Ulum YTM Pasir Tanjung Kab. Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah gambaran aktivitas siswa dan guru dengan EFT, kemampuan kognitif siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan EFT, kemampuan kognitif siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan konvensional, perbedaan pengaruh EFT dan model Konvensional terhadap kemampuan kognitif siswa, serta sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan EFT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimen. Data yang diperoleh menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa tes dan instrumen nontes. Setelah dilaksanakan observasi, data dikaji dan dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, diperoleh: (a) Gambaran aktivitas siswa dan guru tergolong baik. (b) Nilai rata-rata siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan EFT berturut-turut adalah 18,33 dan 34,67. (c) Nilai rata-rata siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan konvensional berturut-turut adalah 13,67 dan 25,00. (d) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh EFT dan Konvensional terhadap kemampuan siswa. (e) Skor respon positif siswa terhadap EFT sebesar 3,60 (siswa memiliki respon positif untuk EFT).
Pengaruh Model Active Learning Teknik Turnamen Belajar terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika pada Sub Pokok Bahasan Kubus dan Balok
Authors: Masitoh Imas Siti , Kariadinata Rahayu , Syaf Agus Hikmat 
Published: July 2019

. Pembelajaran yang diperkirakan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dengan menggunakan model active learning teknik turnamen belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini: mengetahui proses belajar mengajar dengan model active learning teknik turnamen belajar; mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan pembelajaran active learning teknik turnamen belajar; mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang menggunakan model konvensional; perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang menggunakan model active learning teknik turnamen belajar dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan model konvensional pada sub pokok bahasan kubus dan balok. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh: persentase rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada tiap pertemuannya meningkat yaitu dari pertemuan I (56,69%) ke pertemuan II (61,61%) ke pertemuan III (63,40%). dari pengolahan data hasil posttest kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen, kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika menggunakan model active learning teknik turnamen belajar diperoleh rata-rata 81,06% dengan kriteria penilaian tinggi; kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan model konvensional kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa rata-ratanya adalah 74,44% dengan kriteria penilaian cukup; berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan SPSS 16.0 for window diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model active learning teknik turnamen belajar lebih baik dibandingkan pembelajaran dengan model konvensional pada sub pokok kubus dan balok sehingga dapat meninggkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Geometri Van Hiele Siswa SMP Melalui Model Pembelajaran Example Non Examples
Authors: Suherman Nanang 
Published: July 2019

Pokok bahasan geometri yang berhubungan dengan visualisasi gambar seringkali mengakibatkan siswa tidak senang dalam menghadapi pelajaran matematika. Jika dihubungkan dengan kemampuan berpikir matematis maka kemampuan yang paling cocok untuk dikembangkan berdasarkan masalah tersebut adalah kemampuan berpikir geometri Van Hiele. Tahapan berpikir geometri Van Hiele terdiri dari tahap pengenalan, analisis, pengurutan dan deduksi. Untuk mengaplikasikannya peneliti menggunakan model pembelajaran Example non Examples yang sejalan dengan berpikir geometri Van Hiele karena menggunakan media gambar. Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktifitas guru dan siswa di kelas, kemampuan berpikir geometri Van Hiele siswa, dan sikap siswa. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SMPN 8 Bandung kelas VIII-C semester 2 tahun ajaran 2011/2012. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar yang berupa tes formatif dan post tes. Untuk memperoleh data mengenai sikap siswa digunakan angket skala sikap. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa aktifitas guru dan siswa mengalami peningkatan untuk setiap siklus, kemampuan berpikir geometri Van Hiele siswa untuk setiap siklus pada sebagian besar siswa tergolong penguasaan tinggi dan lengkap, kemampuan berpikir geometri Van Hiele siswa diseluruh siklus pada sebagian besar siswa tergolong penguasaan tinggi dan lengkap. Dan hampir seluruh siswa bersikap positif terhadap pelajaran matematika, pembelajaran Example non Examples, dan soalsoal geometri Van Hiele. Terlihat dari rata-rata skor sikap siswa untuk setiap indikator selalu lebih besar dari pada skor netral siswa.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen yang dilakukan di kelas VII SMPN 51 Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah: gambaran pembelajaran matematika siswa dan guru yang menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas terstruktur dan tugas biasa, perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas terstruktur, tugas biasa dan pembelajaran konvensional, kualitas peningkatan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas terstruktur dan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas biasa, serta sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas terstruktur dan melalui tugas biasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode berbentuk Nonequivalent (Pretest dan Posttest) Control Group Design. Data yang diperoleh menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa tes dan nontes. Setelah dilaksanakan observasi dan dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, diperoleh: gambaran aktivitas siswa dan guru mengalami peningkatan menjadi semakin baik, terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley melalui tugas terstruktur, model pembelajaran matematika Knisley dan pembelajaran konvensional, kualitas peningkatan yang diperoleh yaitu kualitas rendah, serta siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika Knisley
Authors: Septian Wedi , Kariadinata Rahayu , Rahayu Yayu Nurhayati 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: bagaimana gambaran proses pembelajaran menggunakan model Generetive Learning (GL) dan model Guide Discovery Learning (GDL) serta kualitas peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa setelah memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model GL, model Guide Discovery Learning dan model Konvensional, perbedaan pencapaian antara kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model GL, model GDL dan model Konvensional dan sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang menggunakan model GL dan model GDL. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi Eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran proses pembelajaran matematika yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan model GL dan model GDL terlaksana dengan baik, peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis setelah memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model GL, model GDLdan model Konvensional dengan kriteria peningkatan ketiga kelas berturut-turut yaitu sedang, tinggi dan sedang, terdapat perbedaan pencapaian kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model GL, model GDL dan model Konvensional serta sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model GL dan model GDL bersikap positif.
Vermikompost Uygulamalarının Kuraklık Stresi Altındaki Kıvırcık Salatanın (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) Mineral İçerikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: KIRAN Sevinç 
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışma, vermikompostun (VK) kuraklık stresine
maruz kalmış kıvırcık salata bitkisinin (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) makro ve
mikro besin içerikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Çalışmada VK’un dozları ile; 0 (VK0), %2.5 (VK1) ve %5 (VK2) (w/w), kuraklık stresi seviyeleri;
kontrol (KS100) (eksilen nemin tarla kapasitesine getirilmesi), orta derecede
kuraklık (KS50) (kontrol konusuna verilen suyun %50’si), şiddetli kuraklık
(KS25) (kontrol konusuna verilen suyun %25’i) kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler 46 gün
boyunca bu koşullar altında tutulmuş ve bu sürenin sonunda hasat edilerek makro
ve mikro besin içerikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Orta ve şiddetli
kuraklık stresi, bitkilerin N, P, K konsantrasyonlarını kontrole göre önemli
seviyelerde artırırken, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında ise azalmalara
neden olmuştur. Ca ve Mg içeriklerindeki etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Bununla
birlikte, kuraklık stresi altında tüm mineral element içerikleri, VK
uygulamaları ile birlikte önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu artışlar %5 VK
uygulamasında çoğunlukla daha etkili bulunmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, VK’un
kuraklık stresi koşullarında kıvırcık salatanın mineral madde içerikleri
üzerinde olumlu etkide bulunduğunu göstermiştir.
Tek Parti Yönetimi Kurulurken Manisa’da Genel Seçimler (1923-1931)
Authors: BİLGİ Nejdet 
Published: July 2019

1920 yılında açılan I. TBMM, İstiklal Savaşı’nın ardından
seçimle yenilendi. 1923 Nisan’ında alınan yenileme kararının ardından, seçim
çalışmalarına başlandı. Bu, tek parti dönemi kurulurken gidilen ilk seçimdir.
Manisa bağlamında 1923 milletvekili seçimi, özellikle adayların belirlenmesinde
yerelde etkili olan şahısların belirleyici olduğu bir seçimdir. Ülke genelinde
yaklaşık 3 ay süren bu seçimler, Manisa’da beş haftada tamamlandı. Manisa bu
seçimde Meclis’e 9 milletvekili gönderdi. 1927 milletvekili seçimi, yalnızca CHF
adaylarıyla gerçekleştirilen onaylama tarzında bir seçimdir. Ülke genelinde
“ikinci seçmen” seçimleri 10 Ağustos’ta, milletvekili seçimleri ise 8 Eylül
1927’de tamamlandı. Manisa’da ülke genelinden farklı olarak, milletvekili
seçimi 2 Eylül günü başladı ve bitirildi. Manisa’dan yine 9 milletvekili
seçildi. 1931 genel seçimi normal tarihinden yaklaşık 7 ay önce yapıldı. CHF,
63 seçim çevresinin 22’sinde, bağımsız adaylar için 30 kontenjan ayırdı. 9
milletvekili seçilecek olan Manisa’dan, CHF 8 aday gösterdi, 1 adayın yerini bağımsızlara
ayırdı. Manisa’da “ikinci seçmen” seçimi 4-13 Nisan’da gerçekleştirildi.
Milletvekili seçimi ise bütün ülkede olduğu gibi 24 Nisan’da gerçekleştirildi.
Sonuçta 8 CHF adayı ile bağımsız aday kontenjanından İsmet Paşa ikinci
seçmenler tarafından Manisa milletvekili seçildiler.&nbsp;
Hadrianoutherai’ın Kuruluş Hikâyesi Mitos mu, Gerçek mi?
Authors: TÜRK Mustafa 
Published: July 2019

Roma İmparatoru
Hadrianus tarafından kuzey batı Anadolu’da kurulan üç kentten biri olan
Hadrianoutherai, Roma ve Bizans kaynaklarında özellikle kuruluş hikâyesiyle yer
almıştır. Bu kaynakların aktardığına göre, bölgedeki seyahati sırasında
katıldığı av partisinde bir ayı öldüren imparator, başarılı geçen avın anısına
avlandığı bölgede Hadrianoutherai kentini kurmuştur. Söz konusu av, kentin
bastığı sikkelere de yansımıştır. Ephesos’un kuruluş mitosuna benzerliği,
Antikçağ’da avın bir simge olarak krallar veya imparatorlar tarafından çok sık
kullanılması ve Hadrianus döneminde kentlerin kökenlerini Hellen geleneğine bağlama
çabaları, Hadrianoutherai’ın kuruluş hikâyesinin de mitos olabileceği şüphesine
yol açmaktadır. Buna karşın imparatorun antik kaynaklar, sikkeler ve
kabartmalardan öğrendiğimiz av tutkusu, bu tutkusunu eyaletlerdeki gezileri
sırasında icraata dönüştürmüş olması ve Hadrianoutherai’ın lokalize edildiği
Balıkesir çevresinin fauna ve flora açısından av için uygunluğu ise hikâyeyi
tamamen bir mitos olarak görmemizi engellemektedir. Bu çalışma, gerçekten
yaşanmış bir olayın düzenlenerek kentin kuruluş hikâyesi haline getirildiğini
ortaya koymaktadır.&nbsp;
Lesión y reparación laparoscópica de nervio obturador en linfadenectomía laparoscópica. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Burbano-Luna Javier , Merchán-Jiménez Abel , Moreno-Capacho Miguel , Pareja-Franco René 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: presentar el caso de una lesión del nervio obturador durante linfadenectomía laparoscópica y su reparación por la misma vía en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, y realizar una revisión de la literatura de la presentación de este tipo de lesiones, así como de la técnica utilizada, el momento de su reparación y los resultados de la rehabilitación.
Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una mujer de 29 años atendida en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología en Bogotá, Colombia, con diagnóstico clínico de carcinoma escamocelular de cérvix estadio Ib1, a quien se le practicó traquelectomía radical más linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral por el deseo de preservar la fertilidad. Durante el procedimiento se advirtió una sección completa del nervio obturador, la cual se reparó inmediatamente por vía laparoscópica. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en la base de datos Medline vía PubMed. Los términos utilizados para la búsqueda fueron: “Obturator Nerve”, “Lymph Node Excision”, “Trauma”, “Nervous System”. Se buscaron series y reportes de caso, cohortes y artículos de revisión desde 1968 hasta septiembre 2018. La búsqueda se limitó a idiomas español e inglés.
Resultados: se incluyeron ocho estudios, todos reportes de caso. Un total de seis de los casos presentaron sección completa del nervio advertida intraquirúrgicamente. En cuatro casos se realizó la reparación por medio de anastomosis término- terminal, tres casos con reconstrucción utilizando injerto de nervio sural y un caso con neurolisis y anastomosis término-terminal, todos por vía laparoscópica. En el seguimiento a nueve meses, tres pacientes recuperaron totalmente la función.
Conclusión: los estudios encontrados fueron reportes de caso, la lesión más frecuente es la sección completa del nervio; se encuentran varia técnicas de reparación del nervio. La recuperación al año no es total en un importante número de casos reportados.
A rare cause of gallbladder perforation: Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: ZORLU Musa 
Published: July 2019

Although the perforation of gallbladder rarely
occurs, it is a high-risk and life-threatening condition. High rates of
mortality and morbidity are associated with late diagnosis. Burkitt’s lymphoma
is a disease, which starts in B-cells and develops with leukemia and extranodal
involvement. Involvement of gallbladder wall is a very rare location of
extranodal lymphomas. In this case, a 68-year-old woman with severe pain in the
left arm referred to our outpatients’ clinic where anti-HCV (+), leukocytosis,
elevated sedimentation rate, and thrombocytopenia were found in her initial
tests. On the basis of these findings, further tests were performed and she was
diagnosed with Burkitt’s lymphoma. She had acute abdomen and gallbladder perforation was detected by
radiologic study. Urgent laparotomy was performed and she subsequently
underwent cholecystectomy and drain insertion. Postoperative septic shock
developed and she died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The
determined diagnosis was described as gallbladder wall perforation associated
with Burkitt’s lymphoma infiltration in the pathology report. It is very
important for the clinicians to take into the consideration that a rare cause
of gallbladder perforation is Burkitt’s lymphoma and it has an aggressive
postoperative clinical course.
Subcutaneous and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Leptin Gene Expression in Coronary Artery Disease Patient
Authors: Polyakova E. A. , Kolodina D. A. , Miroshnikova V. V. , Razgildina N. D. , Bogdanova E. O. , Lyapina E. N. , Belyaeva O. D. , Pchelina S. N. , Berkovich O. A. , Baranova E. I. 
Published: July 2019

Objective.To assess the expression of the leptin gene (LEP) in the epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.Methods. 107 people were examined: 87 with CAD (57 men, 30 women), 20 without CAD (10 men, 10 women). Biopsy of EAT, SAT, coronary angiography, heart computed tomography, blood leptin levels were estimate, mRNA expression of the LEP gene evaluated by PCR.Results.In CAD patients with multivessel coronary artery lesion, the level of blood leptin is the highest. The expression of the LEP gene in EAT is higher in men than in women, in men with CAD higher than in non-coronary artery disease patients, and with a multivascular coronary lesion higher than in a 1–2 vascular lesion. Expression of the LEP gene in EAT in women with CAD is higher than with no CAD, and does not depend on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. In SAT, LEP gene expression in men with CAD is higher than without CAD; women with CAD are lower than without CAD. Expression of the LEP gene in SAT is higher in men with a multivascular lesion than in 1–2 vascular lesion, and lower in women with a multivascular damage.Conclusions. The expression of the leptin gene in women is higher in SAT, and in men in EAT. Expression of the leptin gene in EAT with CAD is higher than without CAD. The expression of the leptin gene in SAT in men with CAD, especially with multivessel lesions, is higher than without coronary artery disease.
Possibilities of Ultrasound Dopplerography in Detecting Instability of Atherosclerotic Plaque of Carotid Arteries
Authors: Zaitsev D. E. , Trufanov G. E. 
Published: July 2019

Background. Studying the possibilities of ultrasound diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries to determine the treatment tactics of patients with various types of atherosclerotic plaques.Objective. Assessment of the possibilities of ultrasonic triplex research in identifying signs of instability of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries.Design and methods. The study included 360 patients aged from 28 to 95 years old who were admitted to the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Health Institution “Mariinskaya Hospital” with diagnoses of transient ischemic attack and acute cerebrovascular accident. All patients underwent an ultrasound visualization of the brachiocephalic arteries. Results. Most patients had atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries with a stenosis of up to 75 % and had signs of instability with varying degrees of severity (according to triplex ultrasound). However, it was not possible to reliably assess the presence of hemorrhage in the plaque using a single imaging method.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the complexity and ambiguity of the studied question. Further detailed examination of the signs of atherosclerotic plaque instability is required using various diagnostic imaging techniques.