bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human rhinovirus spatial-temporal epidemiology in rural coastal Kenya, 2015-2016, observed through outpatient surveillance
Authors: Morobe John Mwita , Nyiro Joyce U. , Brand Samuel , Kamau Everlyn , Gicheru Elijah , Eyase Fredrick , Otieno Grieven P. , Munywoki Patrick K. , Agoti C.N. , Nokes D.J. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant cause of upper respiratory tract infections, resulting in a significant public health burden. The virus circulates as many different types (168), each generating strong homologous, but weak heterotypic, immunity. The influence of these features on transmission patterns of HRV in the community is understudied. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at nine out-patient facilities across a Health and Demographic Surveillance System between December 2015 and November 2016. HRV was diagnosed by real-time RT-PCR, and the VP4/VP2 genomic region of the positive samples sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine the HRV types. Classification models and G-test statistic were used to investigate HRV type spatial distribution. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of ARI were also compared. Results: Of 5,744 NPS samples collected, HRV was detected in 1057 (18.4%), of which 817 (77.3%) were successfully sequenced. HRV species A, B and C were identified in 360 (44.1%), 67 (8.2%) and 390 (47.7%) samples, respectively. In total, 87 types were determined: 39, 10 and 38 occurred within species A, B and C, respectively. HRV types presented heterogeneous temporal patterns of persistence. Spatially, identical types occurred over a wide distance at similar times, but there was statistically significant evidence for clustering of types between health facilities in close proximity or linked by major road networks. Conclusion: This study records a high prevalence of HRV in out-patient presentations exhibiting high type diversity. Patterns of occurrence suggest frequent and independent community invasion of different types. Temporal differences of persistence between types may reflect variation in type-specific population immunity. Spatial patterns suggest either rapid spread or multiple invasions of the same type, but evidence of similar types amongst close health facilities, or along road systems, indicate type partitioning structured by local spread.
Geostatistical analysis of Malawi’s changing malaria transmission from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Chipeta Michael Give , Giorgi Emanuele , Mategula Donnie , Macharia Peter M. , Ligomba Chimwemwe , Munyenyembe Alinane , Chirombo James , Gumbo Austin , Terlouw Dianne J. , Snow Robert W. , Kayange Michael 
Published: March 2019

Background: The prevalence of malaria infection in time and space provides important information on the likely sub-national epidemiology of malaria burdens and how this has changed following intervention. Model-based geostatitics (MBG) allow national malaria control programmes to leverage multiple data sources to provide predictions of malaria prevalance by district over time. These methods are used to explore the possible changes in malaria prevalance in Malawi from 2010 to 2017. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence (PfPR) surveys undertaken in Malawi between 2000 and 2017 were assembled. A spatio-temporal geostatistical model was fitted to predict annual malaria risk for children aged 2–10 years (PfPR2–10) at 1×1 km spatial resolutions. Parameter estimation was carried out using the Monte Carlo maximum likelihood methods. Population-adjusted prevalence and populations at risk by district were calculated for 2010 and 2017 to inform malaria control program priority setting. Results: 2,237 surveys at 1,834 communities undertaken between 2000 and 2017 were identified, geo-coded and used within the MBG framework to predict district malaria prevalence properties for 2010 and 2017. Nationally, there was a 47.2% reduction in the mean modelled PfPR2-10 from 29.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.6 to 32.3%) in 2010 to 15.2% (95% CI 13.3 to 18.0%) in 2017. Declining prevalence was not equal across the country, 25 of 27 districts showed a significant decline ranging from a 3.3% reduction to 79% reduction. By 2017, 16% of Malawi’s population still lived in areas that support PfPR2-10 ≥ 25%. Conclusions: Malawi has made substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of malaria over the last seven years. However, Malawi remains in meso-endemic malaria transmission risk. To sustain the gains made and continue reducing the transmission further, universal control interventions need to be maintained at a national level.
An Advanced Practice Provider Clinical Fellowship as a Pipeline to Staffing a Hospitalist Program
Authors: Lackner Christina , Eid Shaker , Panek Tiffani , Kisuule Flora 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDApproximately 83% of hospitalist groups around the country utilize advanced practice providers; however, the demand for hospitalists continues to exceed the supply, and this has led to increased utilization of advanced practice providers in hospital medicine. Advanced practice providers receive very limited inpatient training, and there is wide variation in their clinical abilities after graduation.OBJECTIVETo determine if an advanced practice provider fellowship is a cost‐effective pipeline for filling vacancies within a hospitalist program.METHODSIn 2014, a one‐year advanced practice providers clinical fellowship in hospital medicine was established. Working one‐on‐one with an experienced hospitalist faculty member, the fellows evaluate and manage patients. The program consists of 80% clinical experience, in the inpatient setting, and 20% didactic instruction. Up to four fellows are accepted each year and are eligible for hire, after training, if there are vacancies.RESULTSThe duration of onboarding and cost to the division were significantly reduced after implementation of the program (25.4 vs 11.0 weeks, P = .017 and $361,714 vs $66,000, P = .004).CONCLUSIONThe advanced practice provider fellowship has proven beneficial for the hospitalist division by (1) reducing costs associated with having unfilled vacancies, (2) improving capacity on the hospitalist service, and (3) providing a pipeline for filling nurse practitioners (NP) and physician assistant (PA) vacancies on the hospitalist service.
Malleable Lies: Communication and Cooperation in a High Stakes TV Game Show
Authors: Turmunkh Uyanga , van den Assem Martijn J. , van Dolder Dennie 
Published: March 2019

We investigate the credibility of nonbinding preplay statements about cooperative behavior, using data from a high-stakes TV game show in which contestants play a variant on the classic Prisoner’s Dilemma. We depart from the conventional binary approach of classifying statements as promises or not, and propose a more fine-grained two-by-two typology inspired by the idea that lying aversion leads defectors to prefer statements that are malleable to ex-post interpretation as truths. Our empirical analysis shows that statements that carry an element of conditionality or implicitness are associated with a lower likelihood of cooperation, and confirms that malleability is a good criterion for judging the credibility of cheap talk. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.
ALTAI RUSSIA: ON THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL RESISTANCE TO THE DISCRIMINATION “ANTIRASKOL” POLICY OF THE IMPERIAL REGIME
Authors: Должиков Вячеслав Александрович 
Published: March 2019

On the basis of modern methodological positions, the article highlights the unique historical experience of the formation of a large territorial community of “bricklayers” in the mountainous areas of the Russian Altai, the system-forming core of which was the peasants migrated from northern Russian regions who were Orthodox believers in their religion. The purpose of the study is to emphasize the importance of freedom as a basic ideological value, organically inherent in this ethno-confessional community and allowing them to successfully operate in adverse political conditions. Emphasizing the love of freedom of the founding fathers of Altai Russia, the author argues that it is this quality of human capital of the Russian Old Believers that allowed them not only to withstand the long-term opposition to the expansion of the serf regime, but it also allowed to develop their economies in a market-oriented, entrepreneurial manner. Special attention is paid to the economic success of this people’s colony, the principles of organization of local self-government, collectivist relationships, lifestyles, culture and morality of the peasant Old Believers of Altai Russia. In the final section of the article, the author dwells on the final results of this phenomenal experiment and formulates the conclusion that the resistance of the Altai pioneers to the discriminatory policy of the imperial regime was not fruitless. The will to freedom helped them to maintain their relative autonomy as an autonomous communal-volost territory, which subsequently existed in fact outside the jurisdiction of the mining and imperial department.
Perspectives nationale et internationale dans l’étude du PCF et du PCI
Authors: Sollai Luca 
Published: March 2019

Les concepts de « national » et « international » sont primordiaux dans l’étude du Parti communiste français et du Parti communiste italien. Les deux plus grands partis communistes de l’Europe de l’Ouest ont toujours dû essayer de concilier leurs exigences nationales avec les enjeux géopolitiques internationaux et soviétiques. La synthèse n’a pas été toujours évidente, et cette difficulté émerge dans le débat historiographique sur les deux partis. Une approche conflictuelle a été privilégiée par les historiens des deux partis, et ces deux concepts n’ont pas été analysés comme deux aspects d’une problématique globale, mais plutôt par opposition l’un à l’autre. Après avoir examiné les positions de certains historiens, nous proposons une analyse de la problématique plus neutre et organique, en présentant comme cas d’étude l’utilisation des symboles nationaux par les deux partis. On a choisi une approche comparative car la situation géopolitique et historique des deux partis présentait des similitudes et des cas d’analyse similaires, et car dans les deux cas on a vu, a des différents niveaux d’intensité, l’affirmation de deux écoles de pensée opposées et conflictuelles.
La dimension ethnique dans le travail des chauffeurs de taxi parisiens
Authors: Lejeune Guillaume 
Published: March 2019

Cet article présente les éléments d’une ethnographie du travail des chauffeurs de taxis parisiens menée pendant les moments d’attente au sein d’un espace rassemblant plusieurs groupes. Ce faisant, nous proposons une lecture des rapports « ethniques » qu’ils entretiennent à travers leur sociabilité quotidienne et les engagements professionnels qui peuvent s’insinuer dans ces relations. Nous prenons ensuite l’exemple de deux trajectoires de chauffeurs afin d’illustrer à partir de cas concrets l’imbrication de différentes dimensions du travail en suivant le fil de leurs trajectoires professionnelles et sociales.
TINJAUAN PERILAKU PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP POLA SIRKULASI MASJID AGUNG JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nabilah Ainun , Pribadi Septana Bagus , Alfia riza Masyiana Arifah 
Published: March 2019

The development of Islam in Indonesia is very rapidly growing, as the largest religion in Indonesia, the need for spiritual good in terms of worship and social is needed in variousregions in Indonesia. Semarang as the capital of Central Java Province became the city which must be the center of development of all aspects of human needs, including religious facilities for the city of Semarang and surrounding areas. One of the areas that became religious facilities, especially Islam in Semarang is the Great Mosque of Central Java. In addition to being the biggest iconic mosque in Semarang and used as a tourist spot, the area provides various facilities to create a circulation to connect these facilities. Circulation becomes an important part of an area because the circulation is always in the access by the perpetrators of the area, the perpetrators in question one of them is the visitor. Ease and comfort of the circulation become things to note so that visitors will feel at home to come to the area. Circulation in the Great Mosque of Central Java is a concern to be discussed in this paper, because in addition to the needs of the surrounding community will be provided facilities that are always in access by the community, the Great Mosque of Central Java is also used as one of the tourist attractions in Central Java by tourists both local and local outdoors. Signage is also discussed because ease and comfort in the circulation is also determined by good signage.
Parallelizations on products of spheres and octonionic geometry
Authors: Parton Maurizio , Piccinni Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA classical theoremof Kervaire states that products of spheres are parallelizable if and only if at least one of the factors has odd dimension. Two explicit parallelizations onSm×S2h−1seem to be quite natural, and have been previously studied by the first named author in [32]. The present paper is devoted to the three choicesG= G2, Spin(7), Spin(9) ofG-structures onSm×S2h−1, respectively withm+ 2h− 1 = 7, 8, 16 and related with octonionic geometry.
Type errors for the IDE with Xtext and Xsemantics
Authors: Bettini Lorenzo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProviding IDE support for a programming language or a DSL (Domain Specific Language) helps the users of the language to be more productive and to have an immediate feedback on possible errors in a program. Static types can drive IDE mechanisms such as the content assist to propose sensible completions in a given program context. Types can also be used to enrich other typical IDE parts such as the Outline and theHovering pop-ups. In this paper, we focus on statically typed imperative languages, adopting some form of type inference. We present a few general patterns for implementing efficient type systems, focusing on type error recovery. This way, the type system is able to type as many parts of the program as possible, keeping a good IDE experience. Type error messages will be placed on the important parts of the program, avoiding cascading errors that can confuse the user. We show two case studies:we apply the presented patterns to implement the type system of two statically typed DSLs, a simple expression language and a reduced Java-like language, with OOP features. We use Xtext as the language workbench for implementing the compiler and the IDE support andXsemantics, a DSL for implementing type systems using a syntax that mimics formal systems. The patterns shown in the paper can be reused also for implementing languages with other language frameworks.
Debt and Relief
Authors: Comparato Guido 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The awareness that consumer over-indebtedness is a problem which needs to be tackled through specific measures most clearly emerged at the end of a period in which increased availability of retail financial services was presented as a means to promote consumers’ welfare. While, on the one hand, over-indebtedness is regarded as a problem to be counteracted, European law and policy, on the other hand, promote indebtedness, leading to a fragile equilibrium between opposing purposes which permeate the regulatory framework. How can the two objectives be reconciled, allowing for well-ordered development of a credit-based economy in which debtors in financial trouble are not left behind? This paper suggests the necessity of taking a holistic approach to over-indebtedness, starting from the assumption that, rather than being the manifestation of individual inability to properly deal with finance, the phenomenon is inherent to a credit economy and that modern law must therefore tackle it systematically through a combination of measures: private and public, contractual and non-contractual, preventive and curative, national and supranational. While articulating a critique of some of the rationales underlying ‘debt law’, the paper highlights the necessary interrelation between the possible legal strategies against household over-indebtedness and the need to coordinate them in order to reach an adequate level of protection.
Induced Mutagenesis for the Creation of New Starting Material in Sunflower Breeding
Authors: Vasko V. O. , Kyrychenko V. V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The article colligates data of studies on the variability of quantitative and qualitative traits in mutant sunflower M1-M3 generations affected by dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (0.01, 0.05 %) and gamma rays (120; 150 Gy), frequencies and range of mutations in M2 and their inheritance in mutant families, chromosome aberrations in meiosis, as well as on the breeding and genetic value of induced mutants and possibilities of their use in breeding. The methodical peculiarities of the mutational breeding of the cross-pollinating crop were defined, and new mutants with changed features were created.
Investigating new homozygous self-pollinated sunflower lines, we observed a more negative mutagenic impact of gamma irradiation (120 and 150 Gy) on the germinability of M1 sunflower seeds in the field compared with the DMS effect (0.01 and 0.05 %). The field germinability of DMS-treated seeds was 83–87 % vs. 11–15 % of gamma-irradiated ones.
The mutagenic effect of gamma rays (120 and 150 Gy) on M1 meiosis was shown to be stronger than that of DMS (0.01 and 0.05 %). The percentage of cells with alterations varied within 15.79–18.78 % (120 Gy) and 20.38–25.26 % (150 Gy) compared to 0–0.16 % in the control.
The effect of gamma rays on the frequency of morphoses in M1 was stronger, in particular, after exposure to 120 Gy or 150 Gy of gamma irradiation, the number of plants with alterations was 43 %, whereas after DMS treatment (0.01 and 0.05 %) this parameter averaged 27–28 %.
We determined the inheritance of mutations of quantitative and qualitative traits, which are important for breeding, in mutant M2 families and selected mutant families with inherited altered traits that can be considered as mutations. Among the best mutations, there are morphological mutants with marker traits, mutants with increased content of oil in seeds, increased 1000-seed weight, increased contents of behenic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids as well as with absolute resistance to downy mildew.
Characterizing the differential physiological effects of adipocytokines visfatin and resistin in liver cancer cells
Authors: Miethe Candace , Zamora Megan , Torres Linda , Raign Kelsie G. , Groll Curissa J. , Price Ramona S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Obesity, a major public health concern, increases the risk of developing liver cancer which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity is associated with increased adiposity and macrophage infiltration both of which promote secretion of adipokines and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, visfatin and resistin have been detected at higher levels in the serum of obese individuals and liver tumors. However, the contribution of these adipocytokines in the progression of liver cancer remains unclear.

Materials and methods
The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of visfatin and resistin on HepG2, SNU-449 and HuH7 liver cancer cells. Cells exposed to visfatin and resistin were analyzed for fatty acid synthase protein, and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK tumorigenic signaling pathways, cell viability, lipogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) enzyme activity and invasion.

Results
HepG2, SNU-449, and HuH7 liver cancer cells treated with visfatin and resistin increased cell viability, invasion, FASN protein, and Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Visfatin and resistin selectively increased ROS production in HepG2 and SNU-449 cells while there was no statistical difference in HuH7 cells. Visfatin and resistin stimulated lipogenesis in HepG2 cells while visfatin increased lipogenesis in SNU-449 cells, and visfatin nor resistin had an effect on lipogenesis in HuH7 cells. Lastly, visfatin and resistin increased MMP-9 enzyme activity in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells but only visfatin increased MMP-9 activity in SNU-449 cells.

Conclusions
Future studies are needed to determine if inhibition of ERK and Akt suppresses the visfatin and resistin-induced invasive liver cancer phenotype.
A Rigorous Scattering Approach to Quasifree Fermionic Systems out of Equilibrium
Authors: Aschbacher Walter H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Within the rigorous axiomatic framework for the description of quantum mechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, we construct the so-called nonequilibrium steady state for the quasifree fermionic system corresponding to the isotropic XY chain in which a finite sample, subject to a local gauge breaking anisotropy perturbation, is coupled to two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Using time dependent and stationary scattering theory, we rigorously prove, from first principles, that the nonequilibrium system under consideration is thermodynamically nontrivial, i. e., that its entropy production rate is strictly positive.
Movement and use of environmental structures, climbing supports and shelters by Akodon montensis (Sigmodontinae, Rodentia) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil
Authors: Machado Arielli F. , Marks Cristiane F. , Peres Brisa , Melo Geruza L. , Cáceres Nilton C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Movements under environmental structures and on supports, and the use of shelters by Akodon montensis were assessed using the spool-and-line technique. Movements of a few individuals of Thaptomys nigrita, Brucepattersonius iheringi and Oligoryzomys nigripes were also assessed and briefly described. Akodon montensis often used fallen logs, lianas and ferns as climbing supports for movements. The species moved under different environmental structures with differing frequencies, with greater use of dense litter followed by lianas and fallen branches. The studied sigmodontine species used shelters of different compositions and structures, and differed in displacement behavior. This study is the first to contribute to understanding the movement and use of environmental structures, shelters and climbing supports by A. montensis.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Magnetic Studies on Copper Tartrate Crystals
Authors: Ariponnammal S. , Velvizhi R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Copper tartrate crystals were grown by the gel growth method and characterised by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, photoluminescence (PL), electron paramagnetic resonance, and low-temperature magnetic studies in the temperature range 300–20 K. The XRD study confirmed the orthorhombic structure of the crystal and the XPS study established the Cu2+ ions in the crystal. UV-vis study deduced the energy gap as 2.15 eV, confirming the semiconducting nature, and Urbach energy as 0.4686 eV. PL showed the presence of Cu2+ vacancy-related defects. Low-temperature magnetic study confirmed the paramagnetic nature in the temperature range 300–77 K, and the crystal showed a weak ferromagnetic signal at 20 K, which is interesting. The magnetic field along with the low temperature caused an ordered spin orientation.