bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromophores inspired by the colors of fruit, flowers and wine
Authors: Silva Cassio P. , Silva Gustavo T. M. , Costa Tássia de Sousa , Carneiro Vânia M. T. , Siddique Farhan , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Freitas Adilson A. , Clark John A. , Espinoza Eli M. , Vullev Valentine I. , Quina Frank H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Anthocyanins, which are responsible for most of the red, blue and purple colors of fruits and flowers, are very efficient at absorbing and dissipating light energy via excited state proton transfer or charge-transfer mediated internal conversion without appreciable excited triplet state formation. During the maturation of red wines, grape anthocyanins are slowly transformed into pyranoanthocyanins, which have a much more chemically stable pyranoflavylium cation chromophore. Development of straightforward synthetic routes to mono- and disubstituted derivatives of the pyranoflavylium cation chromophore has stimulated theoretical and experimental studies that highlight the interesting absorption and emission properties and redox properties of pyranoflavylium cations. Thus, p-methoxyphenyl substitution enhances the fluorescence quantum yield, while a p-dimethylaminophenyl substituent results in fast decay via a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state. Unlike anthocyanins and their synthetic analogs (flavylium cations), a variety of pyranoflavylium cations form readily detectable excited triplet states that sensitize singlet oxygen formation in solution and exhibit appreciable two-photon absorption cross sections for near-infrared light, suggesting a potential for applications in photodynamic therapy. These excited triplet states have microsecond lifetimes in solution and excited state reduction potentials of at least 1.3 V vs. SCE, features that are clearly desirable in a triplet photoredox catalyst.
Evaluation of N–H···O hydrogen bond interactions in two new phosphoric triamides with a P(O)[NHCH(CH3)2]2segment by means of topological (AIM) calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis and 3D energy framework approach
Authors: Tarahhomi Atekeh , Lee Arie van der , Dumitrescu Dan G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo new phosphoric triamides having a common partXP(O)[NHCH(CH3)2]2, withX =[2,3,6-F3–C6H2C(O)NH] (1)and [C6H11(CH3)N] (2), were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and1H-,13C-,31P-NMR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of1is composed of one molecule, whereas for2it consists of six symmetry independent molecules. In all molecules, the P atoms are in a distorted tetrahedral environment of one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms. The latter have mainlysp2character and a nearly planar environment. The crystal structures are stabilizedviaN–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions, forming a linear arrangement for1and three independent parallel linear chains for2, along thebandaaxis, respectively. The intermolecular interactions in the molecular packing were analyzed using the Hirshfeld surface methodology, two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots and enrichment ratios (E). The prevalent interactions revealed by Hirshfeld surfaces are O · · · H type interactions for both structures1and2, additionally C · · · O for1and H · · · H interactions for2. The most favored contacts responsible for the molecular packing are C · · · F, N · · · H and O · · · H for1confirmed byEvalues greater than 1.30, whereas for2, O · · · H and N · · · H intermolecular interactions withEvalues about 1.04 representing the favored contacts. Thus, the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions are the dominant interactions in both compounds. For more details, a topological AIM analysis of N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions was performed: NCP–H · · · O=C hydrogen bond (the NCPis referred to the nitrogen atom within the C(O)NHP(O) segment) interactions in1are stronger than N–H · · · O=P interactions in both1and2. Furthermore, a 3D topology of the molecular packingviathe energy framework approach showed that the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions in C(O)NHP(O)-based phosphoric triamide are predominantly electrostatic based, while they are electrostatic-dispersion based for other phosphoric triamides with a [N]P(O)[NH]2skeleton.
Performance Evaluation of 5TM Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Volumetric Water Content in Landfill Cover System
Authors: Shaikh Janarul , Yamsani Sudheer Kumar , Sekharan Sreedeep , Rakesh Ravi R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccurate measurement of volumetric water content (θ) is essential for studying soil-water interaction efficiently. The accuracy of various types of θ measuring sensors needs to be ascertained before deploying in specific projects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of electromagnetic 5TM sensor for real-time monitoring of θ in a cover system (CS). This CS is provided on top of the hazardous waste containment to isolate it from the surrounding environment and minimize interaction with rain water. The CS consists of different layers of soil and geosynthetics that interact with the atmosphere and undergo changes in θ with changing local weather conditions. Because θ governs the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of geomaterials, its variation is monitored as a function of space and time for evaluating the performance of CS. Performance assessment of 5TM sensor was carried out under controlled conditions for ten different soil materials that may find application in CS. This study indicates the importance of material specific calibration of a 5TM sensor for improving its measurement accuracy before deploying it for field monitoring. The accuracy of 5TM measurement was marginally better when the polynomial calibration equation was adopted as compared to linear calibration. In the absence of soil-specific calibration, the new set of calibration parameters proposed in this study can be used for the generic soils used in CS. With improved accuracy of 5TM, it was shown that the error in the determination of soil water storage for different layers of a trial CS reduced from 15 to 0.4 %.
Identifying a disease-specific renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system fingerprint in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Wolf Peter , Mayr Johanna , Beiglböck Hannes , Fellinger Paul , Winhofer Yvonne , Poglitsch Marko , Gessl Alois , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Luger Anton , Krebs Michael 
Published: May 2019

Background
In patients suffering from primary adrenal insufficiency (AI) mortality is increased despite adequate glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid (MC) replacement therapy, mainly due to an increased cardiovascular risk. Since activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the modulation of cardiovascular risk factors, we performed in-depth characterization of the RAAS activity.

Methods
Eight patients with primary AI (female = 5; age: 56 ± 21 years; BMI: 22.8 ± 2 kg/m2; mean blood pressure: 140/83 mmHg; hydrocortisone dose: 21.9 ± 5 mg/day; fludrocortisone dose: 0.061 ± 0.03 mg/day) and eight matched healthy volunteers (female = 5; age: 52 ± 21 years; BMI: 25.2 ± 4 kg/m2; mean blood pressure:135/84 mmHg) were included in a cross-sectional case–control study. Angiotensin metabolite profiles (RAS-fingerprints) were performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Results
In patients suffering from primary AI, RAAS activity was highly increased with elevated concentrations of renin concentration (P = 0.027), angiotensin (Ang) I (P = 0.022), Ang II (P = 0.032), Ang 1-7 and Ang 1-5. As expected, aldosterone was not detectable in the majority of AI patients, resulting in a profoundly suppressed aldosterone-to-AngII ratio (AA2 ratio, P = 0.003) compared to controls. PRA-S, the angiotensin-based marker for plasma renin activity, correlated with plasma renin activity (r = 0.983; P < 0.01) and plasma renin concentration (r = 0.985; P < 0.001) and was significantly increased in AI patients.

Conclusions
AI is associated with a unique RAAS profile characterized by the absence of aldosterone despite strongly elevated levels of angiotensin metabolites, including the potent vasoconstrictor AngII. Despite state-of-the-art hormone replacement therapy, the RAAS remains hyperactivated. The contribution of Ang II in cardiovascular diseases in AI patients as well as a potential role for providing useful complementary information at diagnosis and follow up of AI should be investigated in future trials.
Shaping of Drosophila Neural Cell Lineages Through Coordination of Cell Proliferation and Cell Fate by the BTB-ZF Transcription Factor Tramtrack-69
Authors: Simon Françoise , Ramat Anne , Louvet-Vallée Sophie , Lacoste Jérôme , Burg Angélique , Audibert Agnès , Gho Michel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cell diversity in multicellular organisms relies on coordination between cell proliferation and the acquisition of cell identity. The equilibrium between these two processes is essential to assure the correct number of determined cells at a given time at a given place. Using genetic approaches and correlative microscopy, we show that Tramtrack-69 (Ttk69, a Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-à-brac - Zinc Finger (BTB-ZF) transcription factor ortholog of the human promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger factor) plays an essential role in controlling this balance. In the Drosophila bristle cell lineage, which produces the external sensory organs composed by a neuron and accessory cells, we show that ttk69 loss-of-function leads to supplementary neural-type cells at the expense of accessory cells. Our data indicate that Ttk69 (1) promotes cell cycle exit of newborn terminal cells by downregulating CycE, the principal cyclin involved in S-phase entry, and (2) regulates cell-fate acquisition and terminal differentiation, by downregulating the expression of hamlet and upregulating that of Suppressor of Hairless, two transcription factors involved in neural-fate acquisition and accessory cell differentiation, respectively. Thus, Ttk69 plays a central role in shaping neural cell lineages by integrating molecular mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell cycle exit and cell-fate commitment.
Vapor Deposition of Low-Dielectric-Constant Polymeric Thin Films
Authors: Lu T-M. , Moore J.A. 
Published: May 2019

For devices with feature sizes below 0.18 μm, it is desirable to have materials with a dielectric constant below 2.5 as interlayer dielectrics. Polymeric materials are possible candidates. There are two main strategies to grow polymeric films. The most widely used method is the spin-on technique. The other method is by vapor deposition. Although vapor deposition is less common, it has several attractive features that look quite promising, especially when the wafer size becomes very large.There are several advantages to vapor-deposited polymers:(1) The deposition of the polymers is a dry process. It is solvent-free and does not produce waste. No remedial measures are necessary to take care of the waste. The process is attractive from both energy-conservation and environmental considerations.(2) They can provide an extremely uniform coating over a very large area. For 200-mm wafers, for example, one can achieve better than 2% uniformity for vapor-deposited parylene (a type of polymer to be described later) films. Similar uniformity can be expected for future 300-mm wafers.(3) Many vapor-deposited polymers possess superior gap-filling capability. Small vias and trenches of very high aspect ratios can be filled without voids.There are some shortcomings in vapor deposition of polymeric thin films. First of all, except for some special cases, processing issues for these materials are not well-studied. Manufacturing equipment is not well-developed.
SYNBIOTIC ADDITIVES IN THE WAFFLES TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Orgachev E. I , Korkach H. , Lebedenko T. , Kotuzaki O. 
Published: May 2019

The problems considered in the paper are the incidence of dysbiosis in the Ukrainian people, the reasons for it, and the methods of improving the diet of those suffering from microfloral disorders. Useful properties and effects of the microorganisms Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and of inulin and lactulose have been studied as well as the ways in which they help to restore a person’s normobiocoenosis. After a research in vitro, with the conditions imitating the human gastrointestinal tract, the survival rate of encapsulated cells of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in an unfavourable environment has been determined. It has been grounded how necessary microencapsulated forms of microorganisms are in the production of confectionery – firstly, to ‘protect’ them against physiological and technological factors, and secondly, to help them reach the lower regions of the small intestine where their capsules are destroyed and the bacteria are released. The reasons have been given why fatty filling for waffles, as an object to be enriched with useful ingredients, should be preferred when developing healthy and wholesome confectionery. It has been shown how promising probiotics and prebiotics are if used in confectionery technology. The two synbiotic complexes SC 1 and SC 2 have been developed, and such parameters have been determined as the optimum weight fractions of inulin and lactulose in the formulation of the filling, and the number of probiotic microorganisms. It has been established that lactulose can reduce sugar in the formulation of the filling, and using inulin results in replacement of an equivalent amount of fat. To prove how practical it is to add synbiotics to waffles, and to determine the product’s consumer appeal, a tasting assessment of the new types of waffle products has been made. It has been proved that adding synbiotic complexes to the formulations of waffles will result in the consistent high quality of the products, and in their better sensory characteristics. Besides, it can contribute to making the people of Ukraine healthier and fitter for work.
Study regarding the possibilities of increasing the self-esteem in 15-year-old pupils
Authors: Ababei Catalina , Ababei Radu , Dobrescu Tatiana , Ababei Alina 
Published: May 2019

Psychologists consider self-esteem as being a human value that can be higher or lower, depending on the life experiences. According to Nathaniel Branden, self-esteem is â€˜the ability to confront life's fundamental difficulties without losing hopeâ€™. Starting from this definition, it was thought that a study regarding the evaluation of self-esteem in 15-year-old pupils from various environments and social conditions could help spotting those activities based on which the youths can shape and consolidate their self-esteem. The hypothesis that started this study was the following: a hierarchy of the self-esteem components for 15-year-olds could help in increasing their feelings of trust in themselves, by organising and developing certain activities in accordance with their needs. The research was conducted in 2017â€“2018, on a group of 270 pupils. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the self-esteem level differs according to the pupilsâ€™ environment and social conditions as well as to their gender.
Keywords: Youths, belonging, competence.
Actions of social and labour inclusion with ICT: an assessment of the Velez-Malaga urban area
Authors: Aguilera Francisco Jose Garcia , Caballero Pablo Franco 
Published: May 2019

In the framework of knowledge society, information and communication technologies, the digital divide is still a determining factor for social inclusion and access to employment processes. In the interest of an inclusive and equitable development of digital competencies, governments and public policies should propose and enhance development programmes and initiatives for different groups of disadvantaged people, as well as the possibility of adult professional reorientation for those who run the risk of not having appropriate qualifications for their jobs. Consequently, it is necessary to ascertain the real situation of different urban areas in order to diagnose existing deficits in digital matters and develop integrated strategies to facilitate the inclusion and improvement of access to employment. The present study describes this reality in the municipal context of Velez-Malaga (Spain) and analyses the effectiveness of the measures put in place to improve the social and labour inclusion of its citizens.
Keywords: Inclusion, ICT, employment, digital competency, citizens.
School improvement plans, a tool to improve the quality of education
Authors: Escobar Ignacio Hernan Gonzalez 
Published: May 2019

Much has been said about school improvement plans (SIPs), which have been implemented in many countries, with different characteristics and with different results in each of them. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, through the research carried out, the impact of SIPs on studentsâ€™ learning and, from that perspective, to determine what characteristics the research should have in order to have a direct impact on studentsâ€™ learning. To this end, an exhaustive bibliographic review will be carried out to show the effects of the improvement plans in the communities, counties or countries that have implemented them. The result of the above will be to determine, according to the few existing investigations, the elements that SIPs must have in order to have an impact on studentâ€™s learning.
Keywords: School improvement plans, improving the quality of education, educational improvement, accountability.
IDENTIFICATION OF CANNABIMIMETIC MDMB(N)-073F METABOLITES IN URINE BY METHOD OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION
Authors: Kataev S. S. , Dvorskaya O. N. , Gofenberg M. A. 
Published: May 2019

Background. At the beginning of 2019, the use of a new representative of synthetic cannabimimetics of the methylbutanoate indazole carboxamides group, MDMB(N)-073F, was recorded in a number of regions in the Russian Federation. Characteristic features of the pharmacological effect, the clinical picture of MDMB(N)-073F poisoning have not been studied, the psychoactive effects produced by MDMB(N)-073F remain unexplored. In this regard, the study of the new cannabimimetic metabolism is an important aspect in establishing the fact of taking MDMB(N)-073F during expert studies of biological objects.The aim of the research is identifying metabolites of synthetic MDMB(N)-73F cannabimimetics in real urine samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS).Materials and methods. 10 urine samples were collected from March 15 to March 29, 2019. 8 urine samples were taken from the medical examination offices of the city of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region from the persons examined for intoxication; 2 urine samples were obtained from the patients of the Sverdlovsk regional center of acute poisoning upon enrolment to the toxic-intensive care unit with a preliminary diagnosis of “acute poisoning by synthetic cannabimimetics”. In the research, SampliQ EVIDEX-200 mg – 3 ml (Agilent, USA) cartridges were used for the sample preparation; β-glucuronidase Type HP-2, From Helix Pomatia, 100000 U/ml (Sigma-ALDRICH CHEMI, Germany) was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry with the use of Agilent 7820 gas chromatograph with Agilent 5975 mass selective detector (Agilent, USA) was used as an instrumental method of the analysis.Results. The metabolites that make it possible to establish the fact of taking MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics via urine screening procedure to detect the presence of narcotic and medicinal substances with the use of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography methods with mass spectrometry, have been described. The major metabolites MDMB(N)-073F in the urine of smoking mixtures consumers have been identified. The metabolism of MDMB(N)-073F has been found to be mainly due to hydrolysis of the ester group, hydroxylation, oxidative defluorination and N-dealkylation. Most of the resulting metabolites are excreted in the urine in the conjugated form.Conclusion. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics of some derivatives of the main metabolites of the new synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetic have been obtained. This data can be used in the practice of forensic chemical and chemical toxicological analysis.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANTI-THROMBOTIC ACTIVITY OF PENTOXYFILLIN MICROPARTICLES: BASED ON POLY-DL-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE IN COMPARISON WITH PENTOXYFILLIN
Authors: Timchenko T. V. , Pogorelyi V. E. , Voronkov A. V. , Makarova L. M. , Scherbakova L. I. , Kompantsev V. A. , Medvetskyi A. I. , Platonova A. Y. 
Published: May 2019

The aimof the work was a comparative experimental study of the effect of oral administration of Pentoxifylline microparticles based on PLGA, and “standard” Pentoxifylline, on the ADP-induced platelet aggregation process in rats.Materials and methods.Pentoxifylline substance (100 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug, and PLGA-based Pentoxifylline microparticles with an average dynamic radius of 175.4 nт were used as the object in study. In the experiment, male Wistar rats (m = 300–330 g), the same age group (9 months) were used. They were divided into 3 groups, each of 6 animals. The antiplatelet activity was assessed by determining the degree and rate of platelet aggregation in 1, 3, 5, 8 and 24 hours after a single oral administration of the reference drug and the object under study. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at the concentration of 5 μM was used as an aggregation inducer. The aggregation process was recorded using a two-channel laser platelet aggregation analyzer ALAT-2, wavelength of 0.785 μm. by determining the average conventional size of the aggregates.Results.The experiment has proved the following: PLGA-based Pentoxifylline microparticles are more effective at reducing the possibility of platelets to aggregate within 24 hours of the investigation (more than 40%) conventional to the control group value. Besides, it should be noted that according to the effectiveness of the pharmacological action during AD-induced platelet aggregation, the microparticles are commensurate with the standard sample - Pentoxifylline. The action of the microparticle object under study lasts for 24 hours, while the effect of the reference drug is over after 3 hours and then the indicators of the reference group do not differ from those of the control onel.Conclusion.When administered per os, PLGA-based Pentoxifylline microparticles prolong the pharmacological effect significantly – up to 24 hours.