bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the union of intersecting families
Authors: Ellis David , Lifshitz Noam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA family of sets is said to be intersecting if any two sets in the family have non-empty intersection. In 1973, Erdős raised the problem of determining the maximum possible size of a union of r different intersecting families of k-element subsets of an n-element set, for each triple of integers (n, k, r). We make progress on this problem, proving that for any fixed integer r ⩾ 2 and for any $$k \le ({1 \over 2} - o(1))n$$, if X is an n-element set, and $${\cal F} = {\cal F}_1 \cup {\cal F}_2 \cup \cdots \cup {\cal F}_r $$, where each $$ {\cal F}_i $$ is an intersecting family of k-element subsets of X, then $$|{\cal F}| \le \left( {\matrix{n \cr k \cr } } \right) - \left( {\matrix{{n - r} \cr k \cr } } \right)$$, with equality only if $${\cal F} = \{ S \subset X:|S| = k,\;S \cap R \ne \emptyset \} $$ for some R ⊂ X with |R| = r. This is best possible up to the size of the o(1) term, and improves a 1987 result of Frankl and Füredi, who obtained the same conclusion under the stronger hypothesis $$k &#x003C; (3 - \sqrt 5 )n/2$$, in the case r = 2. Our proof utilizes an isoperimetric, influence-based method recently developed by Keller and the authors.
Effects of vibration on passive intermodulation of microwave connector
Authors: Li Tuanjie , Li Mingtai , Zhai Wangmin , Jiang Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the generation of passive intermodulation (PIM) in coaxial connectors during vibration. A series of experiments were designed and the simulation model and method were proposed for understanding these phenomena. We found that PIM is mainly influenced by the contact stress and contact surface roughness during vibration. Thus, a power spectral density method is presented to identify the roughness parameter of contact surface based on the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot model, and the simulation model and method were verified by the relative experiments. Eventually, some suggestions for engineering application were provided.
The Implementation of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind in the Penal Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: SAYAPIN Sergey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe penal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan includes a number of crimes against the peace and security of mankind. Among these are most of the traditional “core” crimes under international law—genocide, war crimes, and the crime of aggression—as well as some other crimes. Crimes against humanity are not included in the Criminal Code so far but some of their definitional features are shared by so-called “extremist crimes”. In addition to other customary crimes against the peace and security of mankind—such as deliberately attacking internationally protected persons and organizations and abusing internationally protected emblems—the Code also includes more novel crimes, such as participation in foreign armed conflicts. This paper analyses the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan in the light of corresponding treaty-based and customary rules of international law, and suggests further improvements to be made to the Code.
Homeostatic feelings – a novel explanation of vein symptoms	derived from an experimental patient study
Authors: Blättler Werner , Mendoza Erika , Zollmann Christine , Bendix John , Amsler Felix 
Published: June 2019

Summary. Background: Vein symptoms (VS) entail diffuse leg discomfort and pain coinciding with a perception of weighty or swollen legs. Their traditional classification as a form of venous disease may be inaccurate as they occur in patients with no or any venous disorder. We hypothesized that VS would emerge from a primordially standing associated perturbation in the lower limbs which is not necessarily connected with a venous disorder. Patients and methods: Patients were sorted into groups according to the CEAP classification, VS only (C0s), primary varicose veins (C2p), varicose veins plus oedema (C2p and C3), and venous dermatopathy (C4). Patients completed questionnaires before and one week after they were exposed to a test of stationary standing. Results: Patients (N = 127) in the four groups differed by sex, age and body weight. The VS experienced in the preceding week scored the same in all groups at 3.1 on a numeric rating scale (range 0–10; SD 1.6). During standing, lower leg volume increased and symptoms emerged to the same extent across patient groups and were reduced similarly by compression (volume by 1.7 %, symptoms by 41.7 %). The emergence of symptoms was neither correlated with leg volume increase per se, nor with limiting this increase by compression. Symptoms recorded at baseline correlated with the symptoms provoked by the stress test with bare legs while the symptoms reported at follow-up, when stockings were worn regularly, correlated with the stress test with compression. Conclusions: VS, in terms of neuropsychology, reflect a homeostatic disturbance experienced in the presence and absence of venous disease. Thus, VS are not distinctive for the presence of venous disease insofar as they may reflect dynamic homeostatic feelings resulting from a standing-related disequilibrium in the legs’ internal environment.
Nitrogen‐Driven Chromatographic Separation During Gas Injection Into Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Darnell K. N. , Flemings P. B. , DiCarlo D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrates are solid phases composed of water cages enclosing gas molecules that may host large quantities of recoverable natural gas and may serve to sequester CO2 on geological time scales. Most hydrate studies focus on hydrates containing a single gas component, such as CH4 or CO2. Yet, there are several settings in which multiple components form hydrate mixtures, or mixed hydrates, including a subsurface injection technique that claims to simultaneously recover CH4 and sequester CO2 called “guest molecule exchange.” Here, we combine multicomponent phase behavior for hydrate‐forming systems with a multiphase fluid flow simulator to understand the evolution of hydrate and nonhydrate phases during subsurface injection. We simulate various scenarios for systems composed of H2O, CH4, CO2, and N2. Our study probes the impact of injection composition, initial reservoir composition, and transport of each component through the model domain. We observe chromatographic separation from the combined effect of compositional partitioning in each phase, variable flow speed of each phase, and compositional dependence of phase stabilities. We show that N2 drives chromatographic separation to create a CH4‐free zone and a CO2‐free zone that are connected by a continuous N2‐dominated vapor phase. While our results are theoretical and should be validated experimentally, they imply that guest molecule exchange acts as two sequential processes rather than as a simultaneous process. Furthermore, they show that injections into reservoirs with and without free water have vastly different behaviors, which has implications for the interpretation of the guest molecule exchange field test and various laboratory studies.
Evaporation From Multilayered Heterogeneous Bare Soil Profiles
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Narkis Kfir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvaporation from homogeneous and multilayered soil profiles was studied under laboratory conditions using columns packed with different sand types and containers packed with glass beads of different sizes. The impact of positive and negative permeability gradients, and the effect of layer thickness (H), has been investigated. The cumulative evaporation from the fine‐to‐coarse (F‐C) multilayered profile is higher than the one from the coarse‐to‐fine (C‐F) profile. The homogeneous columns evaporate more or less than the multilayered ones depending on the thickness of the layers and the characteristic length of the soil in the top layer. The trends are in agreement with the preliminary results generated by the numerical solution of the flow equations. Cumulative evaporation at the end of stage 1 increases with the layer thickness for the multilayered systems and is larger for the F‐C configuration than for the C‐F one. Glass beads evaporation experiments revealed the existence of a cascade of bursts of air when the invading gas phase reaches the successive fine/coarse layer interfaces in the case of the F‐C configuration. While the evaporation front moves gradually downward during drying in the C‐F multilayered system, it appears to move upward toward the surface in the F‐C multilayered one. It is shown that soil heterogeneity has a significant impact on evaporation. Multilayered soil profiles could be harnessed to reduce water losses or to accelerate drying, depending on the sequence, the thicknesses, and the properties of the layers.
Plant-driven niche differentiation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in global drylands
Authors: Trivedi Chanda , Reich Peter B , Maestre Fernando T , Hu Hang-Wei , Singh Brajesh K , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Under controlled laboratory conditions, high and low ammonium availability are known to favor soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities, respectively. However, whether this niche segregation is maintained under field conditions in terrestrial ecosystems remains unresolved, particularly at the global scale. We hypothesized that perennial vegetation might favor AOB vs. AOA communities compared with adjacent open areas devoid of perennial vegetation (i.e., bare soil) via several mechanisms, including increasing the amount of ammonium in soil. To test this niche-differentiation hypothesis, we conducted a global field survey including 80 drylands from 6 continents. Data supported our hypothesis, as soils collected under plant canopies had higher levels of ammonium, as well as higher richness (number of terminal restriction fragments; T-RFs) and abundance (qPCR amoA genes) of AOB, and lower richness and abundance of AOA, than those collected in open areas located between plant canopies. Some of the reported associations between plant canopies and AOA and AOB communities can be a consequence of the higher organic matter and available N contents found under plant canopies. Other aspects of soils associated with vegetation including shading and microclimatic conditions might also help explain our results. Our findings provide strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB communities in drylands worldwide, advancing our understanding of their ecology and biogeography at the global scale.
ABCB1 protects bat cells from DNA damage induced by genotoxic compounds
Authors: Koh Javier , Itahana Yoko , Mendenhall Ian H. , Low Dolyce , Soh Eunice Xin Yi , Guo Alvin Kunyao , Chionh Yok Teng , Wang Lin-Fa , Itahana Koji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBats are unusual mammals, with the ability to fly, and long lifespans. In addition, bats have a low incidence of cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Here we discovered that bat cells are more resistant than human and mouse cells to DNA damage induced by genotoxic drugs. We found that bat cells accumulate less chemical than human and mouse cells, and efficient drug efflux mediated by the ABC transporter ABCB1 underlies this improved response to genotoxic reagents. Inhibition of ABCB1 triggers an accumulation of doxorubicin, DNA damage, and cell death. ABCB1 is expressed at higher levels in several cell lines and tissues derived from bats compared to humans. Furthermore, increased drug efflux and high expression of ABCB1 are conserved across multiple bat species. Our findings suggest that enhanced efflux protects bat cells from DNA damage induced by genotoxic compounds, which may contribute to their low cancer incidence.
Time-resolved molecular dynamics of single and double hydrogen migration in ethanol
Authors: Kling Nora G. , Díaz-Tendero S. , Obaid R. , Disla M. R. , Xiong H. , Sundberg M. , Khosravi S. D. , Davino M. , Drach P. , Carroll A. M. , Osipov T. , Martín F. , Berrah N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBeing the lightest, most mobile atom that exists, hydrogen plays an important role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons, proteins and peptides and most biomolecules. Hydrogen can undergo transfer, exchange and migration processes, having considerable impact on the chemical behavior of these molecules. Although much has been learned about reaction dynamics involving one hydrogen atom, less is known about those processes where two or more hydrogen atoms participate. Here we show that single and double hydrogen migrations occurring in ethanol cations and dications take place within a few hundred fs to ps, using a 3D imaging and laser pump-probe technique. For double hydrogen migration, the hydrogens are not correlated, with the second hydrogen migration promoting the breakup of the C–O bond. The probability of double hydrogen migration is quite significant, suggesting that double hydrogen migration plays a more important role than generally assumed. The conclusions are supported by state-of-the-art molecular dynamics calculations.
Unveiling the synergistic effect of precursor stoichiometry and interfacial reactions for perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yuan Zhongcheng , Miao Yanfeng , Hu Zhangjun , Xu Weidong , Kuang Chaoyang , Pan Kang , Liu Pinlei , Lai Jingya , Sun Baoquan , Wang Jianpu , Bai Sai , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are emerging as promising semiconductors for cost-effective and high-performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Previous investigations have focused on the optimisation of the emissive perovskite layer, for example, through quantum confinement to enhance the radiative recombination or through defect passivation to decrease non-radiative recombination. However, an in-depth understanding of how the buried charge transport layers affect the perovskite crystallisation, though of critical importance, is currently missing for perovskite LEDs. Here, we reveal synergistic effect of precursor stoichiometry and interfacial reactions for perovskite LEDs, and establish useful guidelines for rational device optimization. We reveal that efficient deprotonation of the undesirable organic cations by a metal oxide interlayer with a high isoelectric point is critical to promote the transition of intermediate phases to highly emissive perovskite films. Combining our findings with effective defect passivation of the active layer, we achieve high-efficiency perovskite LEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.6%.
Momentum-dependent power law measured in an interacting quantum wire beyond the Luttinger limit
Authors: Jin Y. , Tsyplyatyev O. , Moreno M. , Anthore A. , Tan W. K. , Griffiths J. P. , Farrer I. , Ritchie D. A. , Glazman L. I. , Schofield A. J. , Ford C. J. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPower laws in physics have until now always been associated with a scale invariance originating from the absence of a length scale. Recently, an emergent invariance even in the presence of a length scale has been predicted by the newly-developed nonlinear-Luttinger-liquid theory for a one-dimensional (1D) quantum fluid at finite energy and momentum, at which the particle’s wavelength provides the length scale. We present experimental evidence for this new type of power law in the spectral function of interacting electrons in a quantum wire using a transport-spectroscopy technique. The observed momentum dependence of the power law in the high-energy region matches the theoretical predictions, supporting not only the 1D theory of interacting particles beyond the linear regime but also the existence of a new type of universality that emerges at finite energy and momentum.
MorphoNet: an interactive online morphological browser to explore complex multi-scale data
Authors: Leggio Bruno , Laussu Julien , Carlier Axel , Godin Christophe , Lemaire Patrick , Faure Emmanuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPowerful novel imaging and image-processing methods are revolutionizing many fields of biology, at scales ranging from the molecule to the functional organ. To support this big-data revolution, we develop a concept of generic web-based morphodynamic browser to interactively visualize complex image datasets, with applications in research and education. MorphoNet handles a broad range of natural or simulated morphological data, onto which quantitative geometric or genetic data can be projected.
Macrophage hypoxia signaling regulates cardiac fibrosis via Oncostatin M
Authors: Abe Hajime , Takeda Norihiko , Isagawa Takayuki , Semba Hiroaki , Nishimura Satoshi , Morioka Masaki Suimye , Nakagama Yu , Sato Tatsuyuki , Soma Katsura , Koyama Katsuhiro , Wake Masaki , Katoh Manami , Asagiri Masataka , Neugent Michael L. , Kim Jung-whan , Stockmann Christian , Yonezawa Tomo , Inuzuka Ryo , Hirota Yasushi , Maemura Koji , Yamashita Takeshi , Otsu Kinya , Manabe Ichiro , Nagai Ryozo , Komuro Issei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fibrogenic response in tissue-resident fibroblasts is determined by the balance between activation and repression signals from the tissue microenvironment. While the molecular pathways by which transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) activates pro-fibrogenic mechanisms have been extensively studied and are recognized critical during fibrosis development, the factors regulating TGF-β1 signaling are poorly understood. Here we show that macrophage hypoxia signaling suppresses excessive fibrosis in a heart via oncostatin-m (OSM) secretion. During cardiac remodeling, Ly6Chi monocytes/macrophages accumulate in hypoxic areas through a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α dependent manner and suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation. As an underlying molecular mechanism, we identify OSM, part of the interleukin 6 cytokine family, as a HIF-1α target gene, which directly inhibits the TGF-β1 mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent phosphorylation of the SMAD linker region. These results demonstrate that macrophage hypoxia signaling regulates fibroblast activation through OSM secretion in vivo.
Regulation of exocytosis and mitochondrial relocalization by Alpha-synuclein in a mammalian cell model
Authors: Ramezani Meraj , Wilkes Marcus M. , Das Tapojyoti , Holowka David , Eliezer David , Baird Barbara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe characterized phenotypes in RBL-2H3 mast cells transfected with human alpha synuclein (a-syn) using stimulated exocytosis of recycling endosomes as a proxy for similar activities of synaptic vesicles in neurons. We found that low expression of a-syn inhibits stimulated exocytosis and that higher expression causes slight enhancement. NMR measurements of membrane interactions correlate with these functional effects: they are eliminated differentially by mutants that perturb helical structure in the helix 1 (A30P) or NAC/helix-2 (V70P) regions of membrane-bound a-syn, but not by other PD-associated mutants or C-terminal truncation. We further found that a-syn (but not A30P or V70P mutants) associates weakly with mitochondria, but this association increases markedly under conditions of cellular stress. These results highlight the importance of specific structural features of a-syn in regulating vesicle release, and point to a potential role for a-syn in perturbing mitochondrial function under pathological conditions.
Characterization of protein extracts from different types of human teeth and insight in biomineralization
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Srinivasan Alagiri , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Rani Komal , Tyagi Mitali , Dev Kapil , Nikolajeff Fredrik , Kumar Saroj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study describes an efficient method for isolation and purification of protein extracts from four types of human teeth i.e. molar, premolar, canine, and incisor. Detailed structural characterization of these protein extracts was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) which showed that a major fraction of the proteins present are unstructured in nature including primarily random coils in addition to the other structures like extended beta (β) structure, poly-l-proline-type II (PPII) helix, turns, with only a small fraction constituting of ordered structures like alpha (α) helix and β sheets. These resultant labile structures give the proteins the necessary flexibility that they require to interact with a variety of substrates including different ions like calcium and phosphates and for other protein-protein interactions. We also did initial studies on the mineralization of calcium phosphate with the protein extracts. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) show an increase in the size of calcium phosphate accumulation in the presence of protein extracts. We propose that protein extracts elevate the crystallization process of calcium phosphate. Our current biophysical study provides novel insights into the structural characterization of proteins from human teeth and their implications in understanding the tooth biomineralization. As per our knowledge, this is the first report which focuses on the whole protein extraction from different types of human teeth as these extracts imitate the in vivo tooth mineralization.
The capacity to learn new motor and perceptual calibrations develops concurrently in childhood
Authors: Rossi Cristina , Chau Connie W. , Leech Kristan A. , Statton Matthew A. , Gonzalez Anthony J. , Bastian Amy J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLearning new movements through an error-based process called motor adaptation is thought to involve multiple mechanisms which are still largely not understood. Previous studies have shown that young children adapt movement more slowly than adults, perhaps supporting the involvement of distinct neural circuits that come online at different stages of development. Recent studies in adults have shown that in addition to recalibrating a movement, motor adaptation also leads to changes in the perception of that movement. However, we do not yet understand the relationship between the processes that underlie motor and perceptual recalibration. Here we studied motor and perceptual recalibration with split-belt walking adaptation in adults and children aged 6–8 years. Consistent with previous work, we found that this group of children adapted their walking patterns more slowly than adults, though individual children ranged from slow to adult-like in their adaptation rates. Perceptual recalibration was also reduced in the same group of children compared to adults, with individual children ranging from having no recalibration to having adult–like recalibration. In sum, faster motor adaptation and the ability to recalibrate movement perception both come online within a similar age-range, raising the possibility that the same sensorimotor mechanisms underlie these processes.
On-Surface Synthesis within a Porphyrin Nanoring Template
Authors: Judd Chris J. , Kondratuk Dmitry V. , Anderson Harry L. , Saywell Alex 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn-surface synthesis provides a route for the production of 1D and 2D covalently bonded polymeric structures. Such reactions are confined to the surface of a substrate and the catalytic properties of the substrate are often utilised to initiate the reaction. Recent studies have focused on the properties of various crystallographic planes of metallic substrates, as well as native surface features such as step-edges, in an effort to provide control over the pathway of the reaction and the resultant products. An alternative approach is to template the catalytic surface with a porous molecular overlayer; giving rise to well-defined surface regions within which an on-surface reaction may be confined. Here we present a methodology where macromolecular templates are used to confine an on-surface reaction. Cyclic porphyrin polymers, nanorings - consisting of 40 porphyrin units with internal diameter 13 nm, are used to form a template on a Au(111) surface, and an on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reaction is initiated within the nanoring template. The surface confined template and covalently coupled reaction products are investigated and characterised with scanning tunnelling microscopy.