bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Thrombelastogrpahy With Common Coagulation Tests
Authors: Caprini J A , Zuckerman L , Cohen E , Vagher J P , Woodward E , Mitchell J , Llama R Wonder 
Published: July 2018

Thrombelastographic (TEG) results were compared with hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen concentration (FIB), and fibrin split products (FSP) concerning the ability of the test or tests to differentiate between 141 normal adult volunteers and 121 patients with histologic evidence of malignancy. The cancer patients were studied because they represent a contrasting group with respect to coagulation abnormalities. Using canonical correlation, the normal subjects’ TEG and coagulation tests captured all significant information in a single dimension, indicating that a single variation in the coagulation tests would result in a single change in the TEG. In the cancer patients, 3 pairs of functions were required to capture the correlations between the TEG and the other tests.1. The first, which accounts for 40.8% of the correlation, links the abnormal rates and magnitudes of fibrin polymerization in the TEG to static constituents (HCT, PLT, and FIB)2. The second, accounting for 22.6% of the correlation, relates the kinetics and magnitude of clot formation in the TEG to both dynamic and static measurements (PLT and PTT)3. The third equation relates the kinetics of coagulation to kinetic assays (PTT, PT, and FSP)This implies that 3 independent processes may be occuring in the cancer patients and this information is captured by the TEG. In addition, discriminant function analysis demonstrated that the TEG alone was capable of a 96.7% discrimination between the two groups, while all the other tests combined could only predict 72.3%. Thus, due to its ability to be simultaneously sensitive to different processes, the TEG may add valuable information to the coagulation testing regimen.
Plasma Hypercoagulability After Immuntherapy With Corynebacterium Parvum
Authors: Baumgärtner A , Harenberg J , Fritze D , Zimmermann R 
Published: July 2018

Toxic side effects after i.v. application of co- rynebacterium (c.) parvum in the experimental immuntherapy of malignant disease are known. Since hypercoagulability is proven in cancer patients a controlled trial was carried out in 18 patients with metastatic breast cancer to investigate the influence of c. parvum i.v. on platelet count, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.Patients were allocated randomly to one of the three treatments:1)0.4mg c.parvum i.v. and cytostatic therapy (vincristine, adriblastin and en- doxan), 2) 0.4mg c.parvum i.v. and 0.9% saline infusion at day 15 of the cytostatic cycles and 3) only cytostatic therapy. Parameters were controlled before and 1, 2, 4, and 24 hrs after beginning of therapy. Platelet count decreased in a rate of 15% within 4 hrs.in all groups. Factor VIII, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, aPTT, thrombin clotting time, reptilase time, ethanol gelation test and AT III remained uneffected in all groups. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) determined radioimmunological ly increased in group 1 from 1.1 to 18.6 ng/ml (median)two hrs after the application of c.parvum and in group 2 from 4.5 to 57.5 ng/ml (p 0.05). Within 24 hrs FPA declined to the initial values. In group 3 no changes were measured. The euglobulinlysis time, plasminogen, α-1-antitrypsin and α-2-macroglobulin were not influenced in all treatment groups.The data indicate, that c.parvum i.v. enhances or initates even in small doses plasma hypercoagulability in patients with malignancy. This may contribute to development of thrombemblic complications in patients with increased risk factors.
Specificity And Sensitivity Of Some Coagulation Tests In Various Thrombotic Diseases
Authors: Rodzynek J J , Schoenfeld P L , Léautaud P , Martin T , Wettendorff P , Delcourt A 
Published: July 2018

Fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), Ethanol gel test (EGT), citrated whole blood thrombo elastogram (TEG) and its several parameters (r, k, am, IFT), Raby’s transfer test (RTT) and Wu’s circulating platelet’s aggregates (CPA) were studied in 52 healthy volunteers acting as normal controls, in 205 consecutive patients admitted in a general hospital for various non-thrombotic pathological situations (group 1), and in 14 consecutive patients admitted for deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or acute coronary insufficiency (group 2).In conclusion : 1. TEG and CPA are of doubtful help in separating thrombo-embolic situations from other pathological conditions.2. EGT disclosed a better specificity (6% false positive) but its sensitivity is poor (64% false negative).3. Good specificity altogether with sensitivity in diagnosing thrombo-embolic situations is better achieved by FDP (11% false positive and 43% false negative) and even better by RTT (11% false positive and 29% false negative).
Antiticiombin III Deficiency In A Large Family with 41 Affected Members
Authors: Stibbe J , Adhin S , Ong G L , Panday R S , Peters S H , Smith S J , Snel L A , Went L N 
Published: July 2018

Hereditary Antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was found in a large Hindustani family, living partly in the Netherlands, partly in Suriname. Of 201 members investigated 35 were found to affected: AT III activity (chromogenic substrate) and AT III antigen (immuno-electrophoresis according to Laurell) were about 45 %. Analysis of this fanily clearly demonstrated the autosomal dominant inheritance of the condition. Six non-investigated members (1 living, 5 non-living) were diagnosed as being affected on the basis of affected offspring.Seventeen affected members had no signs of thrombo-embolic(TE) processes (age group 0-10 years old, n=2; 11-20, n=5; 21-30, n=4; 31-40, n=4; 41-50, n=2). Thirteen showed clinical or proven signs of TE processes (first time in age group 0-10 years old, n=0; 11-20, n=l; 21-30, n=G; 31-40, n=4; 41-50,n=l; 51-60, n=0; 61-70, n=l). No clinical information is yet available on the remaining affected members. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurred in 9 patients (age group 21-30, n=5; 31-40, n=3; 61-70, n=l). Triggering factors were none 4, surgery 1, oral contraceptives and preg- nancy4. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 6 patients (2 clinical, 4 proven) and was fatal in 4; ages were 19, 21, 26, 37, 48 and 68 years old. Pregnancy was uncomplicated in 3 women (total of 4 pregnancies), one of these women was treated prophylactically with anticoagulants during pregnancy (1 pregnancy). Two women (9 pregnancies) had a thrombotic episode (1st and 3rd pregnancy respectively) and 1 woman died suddenly 7 days after her 7th childbirth. DVT occurred in 2 of 4 women who used oral contraceptive pills.In some symptomless patients (age 22, 26, 32, 33, 40 years old) impedance plethysmography (n=5), 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning (n=3), 125I-fibrinogen T½(n=3) and 51C-platelet survival (n=l) were normal
Antithrombin III In Patients Treated With Subcutaneous Or Intravenous Heparin
Authors: Conard J , Lecompte T , Horellou M H , Cazenave B , Samama M 
Published: July 2018

Plasma Anti thrombin III (AT III) has been measured by Mancini method and serum anti thrombin (AT) activity by Von Kaulla's method in 49 patients treated with intravenous (10 cases) or subcutaneous (39 cases) heparin at therapeutical doses. Among the 39 subcutaneous treated patients, 19 were re-examined after cessation of heparin.A statistically significant decrease in plasma AT III and in serum AT activity has been observed in both groups of heparin-treated patients. In addition, in the 19 subcutaneous treated patients, the plasma AT III and serum AT activity which were decreased under treatment, increased within normal limits after cessation of the treatment : consequently, a congenital AT III deficiency could be ruled out in these patientsIn conclusion, we did find a statistically significant decrease in plasma AT III and in serum AT activity in heparin-treated patients, whatever the route of administration.
A Comparison Of Various Methods For Measuring At III In Different Clinical Conditions
Authors: Poggi M , Palareti G , Coccheri S 
Published: July 2018

A comparison of different methods for AT III was performed in 65 patients. Of these, 45 affected by thrombotic diseases (TD) or under oral contraceptives (0C) were selected on the basis of the finding of low values of “serum” AT III (von Kaulla, AT III S), while 20, under oral anticoagulants, (AC) had abnormally high values of AT III S. The methods used were: AT III S, Xa I, reptilase defibrination (RD), immunologic (Imm), Coatest S 2238 (Chr).In the 45 cases (TD+OC) with low AT III S (≤ 70%), a low AT III level was confirmed with Imm in 20% of the cases, RD also in 20%, XaI in 15,5%, and Chr in 4,4%. Imm values were correlated (p < 0.05) with RD values. The variability of AT III S was completely different from that of all other methods. In AC patients with increased values of AT III S, there was no significant change in AT III with any other method.In conclusion, our results show a marked discrepancy between AT III S and the other methods used, suggesting heterogeneity of AT III S method. AT III S values are in fact related not only to AT III “in vivo”, but also to its “in vitro” consumption rate and possibly to other clotting inhibitors. However, the clinical usefulness of AT III S as an index of “hypercoagulability” remains to be investigated.
The Relationship Of Lipids To Antithrombin Consumption During Clotting
Authors: Winter J H , Bennett B , McTaggart F , Douglas A S 
Published: July 2018

The relationship between serum lipids and the plasma and serum anti thrombin activity was studied in blood samples from 18 patients who had suffered myocardial infarction 1-3 years previously and 18 age matched controls without clinical evidence of vascular disease. Progressive anti thrombin activity was measured by the technique of Abildgaard et al (1970) and anti thrombin III levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion using Partigen plates.Plasma specific anti thrombin activity was defined as the ratio of progressive anti thrombin activity to the anti thrombin III level measured by immunoassay. Serum was separated from blood incubated for 1 hour at 37°C in glass tubes.Serum tryglycerides were determined using a commercial kinetic enzymatic method, heparin precipitable lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) by nephephelometric method, and high density lipoprotein by a Mn2+ and heparin precipitation method. A negative correlation was found between plasma specific anti thrombin activity and serum triglycerides (R = -0.35 p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the consumption of anti thrombin activity during clotting and serum triglyceride (R = -0.53, p < 0.001) heparin precipitable lipoproteins (R = -0.48, p < 0.01) and high density lipoprotein (R = + 0.40, p < 0.01).These data indicate that blood lipids influence antithrombin III - coagulant interactions, possibly protecting the activated coagulant factors from inhibition by antithrombin. The data concerning anti thrombin-lipid interactions clearly merits expansion.
Gerinnungsfaktoren in der Lymphe
Authors: Hansen H. G , Aepinus K 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegenden Untersuchungen dienten dem Ziel, nähere Aufschlüsse über den bisher wenig bekannten Gehalt der Gewebsflüssigkeit an Gerinnungsfaktoren zu bekommen. In der bei Katzen aus dem Ductus thoracicus gewonnenen Sammellymphe wurden fortlaufende Bestimmungen der Thrombinzeit, des Fibrinogens, der Antithrombine II und III, der Thromboplastinzeit, der Faktoren V und VII und des Prothrombins durchgeführt. Bezogen auf den Faktorengehalt des Plasmas läßt derjenige der Lymphe statistisch gesicherte Abstufungen erkennen. Der Kurvenverlauf ist bezüglich der Faktoren V und VII und des Prothrombins durch einen gesicherten Abfall während des Versuchs gekennzeichnet. Die in vieler Beziehung noch problematische Interpretation der Versuchsergebnisse wird diskutiert.
Thrombin Augments Vascular Cell-dependent Migration of Human Mast Cells: Role of MGF
Authors: Baghestanian Mehrdad , Hofbauer Roland , Kress Hans G , Wojta Johann , Fabry Astrid , Binder Bernd R , Kaun Christoph , Müller Michael R , Mehrabi Mohammad R , Kapiotis Stylianos , Sengoelge Gürkan , Ghannadan Minoo , Lechner Klaus , Valent Peter 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRecent data suggest that auricular thrombosis is associated with accumulation of mast cells (MC) in the upper endocardium (where usually no MC reside) and local expression of MGF (mast cell growth factor) (25). In this study, the role of vascular cells, thrombin-activation and MGF, in MC-migration was analyzed. For this purpose, cultured human auricular endocardial cells (HAUEC), umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and uterine-(HUTMEC) and skin-derived (HSMEC) microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to thrombin or control medium, and the migration of primary tissue MC (lung, n = 6) and HMC-1 cells (human MC-line) against vascular cells (supernatants) measured. Supernatants (24 h) of unstimulated vascular cells (monolayers of endocardium or endothelium) as well as recombinant (rh) MGF induced a significant migratory response in HMC-1 (control: 3025 ± 344 cells [100 ± 11.4%] vs. MGF, 100 ng/ml: 8806 ± 1019 [291 ± 34%] vs. HAUEC: 9703 ± 1506 [320.8 ± 49.8%] vs. HUTMEC: 8950 ± 1857 [295.9 ± 61.4%] vs. HSMEC: 9965 ± 2018 [329.4 ± 66.7%] vs. HUVEC: 9487 ± 1402 [313.6 ± 46.4%], p <0.05) as well as in primary lung MC. Thrombin-activation (5 U/ml, 12 h) of vascular cells led to an augmentation of the directed migration of MC as well as to a hirudin-sensitive increase in MGF synthesis and release. Moreover, a blocking anti-MGF antibody was found to inhibit MC-migration induced by unstimulated or thrombin-activated vascular cells. Together, these data show that endocardial and other vascular cells can induce migration of human MC. This MC-chemotactic signal of the vasculature is associated with expression and release of MGF, augmentable by thrombin, and may play a role in the pathophysiology of (auricular) thrombosis.
Extravascular Administration of Factor IX: Potential for Replacement Therapy of Canine and Human Hemophilia B
Authors: Liles Darla , Landen Charles N , Monroe Dougald M , Lindley Celeste M , Read Marjorie s , Roberts Harold R , Brinkhous Kenneth M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCurrent therapy for hemophilia B requires large intravenous doses of factor IX (F.IX) given in the clinic or at home. Although home therapy is possible for many patients, it is often complicated by factors such as the lack of good venous access. Very little is known about extravascular routes for administering proteins like F.IX (57 kD) or other vitamin K-dependent procoagulant factors into the circulation. Questions about the absorption rate from extravascular administration as well as plasma recovery and bioavailability have arisen recently with the growing availibility of highly purified procoagulant proteins and increased interest in gene therapy of hemophilia B. Therefore, a group of studies were undertaken to determine the absorption rate, plasma recovery, and bioavailability of high purity, human plasma-derived F.IX concentrates administered via extravascular routes in hemophilia B dogs and in one human hemophilia B subject. Five hemophilia B dogs were given human F.IX via either a subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intra- peritoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) route. In a subsequent study, a single SC administration of human F.IX was compared to an identical IV dose of F.IX in the human hemophilia B subject. All extravascular routes of F.IX administration in both the canine and human gave lower levels of circulating plasma F.IX than the IV route, however all routes resulted in measurable F.IX activity. Of the extravascular routes, the IM injection in the canine resulted in a bioavailibility of 82.8%, while the SC injection resulted in a bioavailability of 63.5%. F.IX reached the plasma compartment by all extravascular routes used, confirming that F.IX can be absorbed extravascularly. The duration of measurable F.IX activity following extravascular administration is prolonged beyond that typically seen with IV administration. These data show that significant levels of F.IX may be obtained via SC injection in canine and ‘ human hemophilia B subjects and further highlight the potential of extravascular routes of administration for future experimental and clinical uses of F.IX and other procoagulant proteins.
Aggregation, Release and Desensitization Induced in Platelets from Five Species by Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
Authors: Cargill D I , Cohen D S , Valen R G Van , Klimek J J , Levin R P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPAF-induced aggregation and dense granule release (ATP release) were investigated in human, primate, guinea pig, rabbit and rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Guinea pig PRP was most sensitive to PAF, followed by rabbit and then human. PRP from rats and primates did not aggregate or release when exposed to PAF.In guinea pig and rabbit PRP, release was independent of aggregatory response. In human PRP high doses of PAF (5 × 10-7M) caused maximum aggregation and a biphasic ATP release, whilst lower concentrations (3×10-8M) induced biphasic aggregation and one phase of ATP release concomitant with the second phase of aggregation.Aggregation and ATP release induced by PAF in guinea pig and rabbit PRP is dependent upon Ca++ levels, whilst the response of human platelets is relatively independent of the Ca++ level above a certain threshold concentration.The PRP from the three species which aggregated with PAF also demonstrate the phenomenon of desensitization.
The Role of Factor VIII in the Activation of Human Blood Coagulation Factor X by Activated Factor IX
Authors: Mertens K , van Wijngaarden A , Bertina R M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe role of factor VIII in the activation of human factor X by factor IXa, Ca2+ and phospholipid has been investigated. Factor VIII stimulated the factor Xa formation after activation by factor Xa or thrombin; the activity of thrombin-activated factor VIII was about 4-fold that of factor Xa-activated factor VIII. The isolated procoagulant moiety of the factor VIII complex behaved identically to the complete complex, whereas the von Willebrand factor moiety did not participate in the factor Xa formation. Thrombin-activated factor VIII complex (factor Villa) was used to study the effect of factor Villa in kinetic experiments. The results revealed a complex kinetic behaviour, including substrate inhibition and non-linearity of the reaction rate with the enzyme concentration. Using previously obtained insight into the kinetics of factor X activation in the absence of factor VIII, the results were found to support the hypothesis that factor Villa participates in the factor Xa formation in a complex with phospholipid-bound factor IXa; the formation of the factor VUIa-factor IXa complex then increases the catalytic efficiency of the factor IXa by 500-fold.
Further Studies on the Modulation of Blood Coagulation by Human Serum Amyloid P Component and Its Acute Phase Homologue C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Fiedel B A , Ku Cecilia S L 
Published: July 2018

SummarySerum amyloid P component (SAP), and its acute phase homologue C-reactive protein (CRP), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) in cell free plasma when assayed at physiological concentrations in the presence of heparin. SAP also inhibited clot formation initiated through the extrinsic and terminal phases of coagulation in heparinized cell free plasma, an activity not shared with CRP. When CRP and SAP were similarly evaluated in whole blood using the thromboelastograph (TEG), CRP delayed the onset of coagulation and the initial rate of fibrin formation/polymerization; final clot patency was unaltered. SAP suppressed the anticoagulant activity of heparin in the TEG assay, unlike results obtained in heparinized cell free plasma, by facilitating a more rapid onset of coagulation, increasing the rate of fibrin formation/polymerization, and correcting clot patency. The data provided offer further evidence that these homologues can intercede in blood coagulation.
Studies on Production of Antithrombin III with Special Reference to Endotoxin-Induced DIC in Dogs
Authors: Tanaka H , Kobayashi N , Maekawa T 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe production of antithrombin III (AT III) was studied using Se-75-selenomethionine as a tracer in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) experimentally induced by endotoxin infusion. Using canine AT III purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, antiserum against canine AT III was raised in rabbit. To study the production of plasma AT III, Se-75-selenomethionine was injected into the dog and thereafter the radioactivity incorporated into plasma AT III immunoprecipitated by anti-AT III rabbit serum was serially measured. In normal control dogs, peak radioactivity incorporated into AT III fraction was 970 ± 55 (mean ± SE) cpm/mg of AT III. It was 1196 ± 51.5 cpm/mg, 2748 ± 826 cpm/mg and 1057 ± 74 cpm/mg when Se-75-selenomethionine was injected 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after a single infusion with one mg of endotoxin/kg body weight of dogs, and was 1.2 times, 2.8 times and 1.1 times more than normal control dogs, respectively. Plasma AT III levels decreased to a minimum of 26.7 ± 4.9 mg/dl within 6 h after endotoxin infusion and returned to normal levels by 2 to 3 days after the infusion. Since the catabolic rate of AT III was evidently accelerated, judging from the more rapid decay of the AT III radioactivity, it is suggested that the production of AT III is markedly increased in dogs with DIC induced by endotoxin infusion even during a period of low plasma level.
Sensitive and Specific Detection of Platelet-Derived and Tissue Factor–Positive Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma Using Solid-Phase Proximity Ligation Assay
Authors: Thulin Åsa , Yan Junhong , Åberg Mikael , Christersson Christina , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood , Siegbahn Agneta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from blood cells are promising biomarkers for various diseases. However, they are difficult to measure accurately in plasma due to their small size. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived EVs in plasma can be measured using solid-phase proximity ligation assay with high sensitivity and specificity using very small sample volume of biological materials. The results correlate well with high-sensitivity flow cytometry with the difference that the smallest EVs are detected. Briefly, the EVs are first captured on a solid phase, using lactadherin binding, and detection requires recognition with two antibodies followed by qPCR. The assay, using cholera toxin subunit-B or lactadherin as capture agents, also allowed detection of the more rare population of tissue factor (TF)-positive EVs at a concentration similar to sensitive TF activity assays. Thus, this assay can detect different types of EVs with high specificity and sensitivity, and has the potential to be an attractive alternative to flow cytometric analysis of preclinical and clinical samples. Improved techniques for measuring EVs in plasma will hopefully contribute to the understanding of their role in several diseases.