bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
المركّب في اللغة العربية واللغة الإندونيسية : دراسة تحليلية تقابلية
Authors: Zubaidi Ahmad 
Published: September 2018

Abstrak: Dalam pembelajaran bahasa kedua dikenal analisis kontrastif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif komparatif, berjenis Library research. Data dihimpun dengan teknik dokumentasi. Adapun analisisnya menggunakan analisis konten dan analisis kontrastif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan, bahwa terdapat sejumlah jenis frasa serta perbedaan dan persamaan antara frasa dalam BI dan BA. Frasa dalam BI : 1. Frasa setara, 2, frasa bertingkat, 3. Frasa terpadu. 4.Frasa benda setara, 5. Frasa benda bertingkat berstruktur M-D dan DM, 6. Frasa benda terpadu, 7. Frasa kerja berstruktur DM-MD, 8. Frasa sifat berstruktur DM-MD, 9. Frasa preposisi, 10. Frasa keterangan, frasa pronominal, 12. Frasa biasa, 13. Frasa idiomatic dan 14. Frasa ambigu. Sedang dalam BA: 1. Frasa Isnadi, 2. Frasa Idhofi, 3. Frasa bayani mencakup : frasa washfi, frasa taukidi, frasa badali, 4. Frasa ‘adadi, 5. Frasa jarri, 6. Frasa musyari, 7. Frasa munadi, 8. Frasa maushuli, 9. Frasa mazji, 10. Frasa tamyizi, 11. Frasa fi’li, 12. Frasa ‘athfi.Abstract: In the second language learning, known contrastive analysis. This researchuses a comparative descriptive approach, a library research type. The data werecollected by documentation. As for its analysis, using content analysis and contrastive analysis. This research resulted in findings; that there are several types of phrases as well as the differences and similarities between phrases in Indonesian and Arabic. Phrases in Indonesian: 1. Exocentric phrase, 2. Endocentric phrase, 3. Integrated phrase. 4. Exocentric nominal phrase, 5. MD and DM structured nominal phrase, 6. Integrated nominal phrase, 7. DM-MD structured verbal phrase, 8. DM-MD structured adjectival phrase, 9. Prepositional phrase, 10. Adverbial phrase, 11. Pronominal phrase, 12. Simple phrase, 13. Idiomatic phrase and 14. Ambiguous phrase. While in Arabic: 1. Isnadi phrase, 2. Idhofi phrase, 3. The bayani phrases include: washfi phrase, taukidi phrase, badali phrase, 4. ‘Adadi phrase, 5. Jarri phrase, 6. Mushari phrase, 7. Munadi phrase, 8. Maushuli phrase, 9. Mazji phrase, 10. Tamyizi phrase, 11. Fi’li phrase, 12. ‘Athfi phrase.
Economic Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Residual Soil Nitrate as Influenced by Soil Texture in Corn Production
Authors: Alotaibi Khaled D. , Cambouris Athyna N. , St. Luce Mervin , Ziadi Noura , Tremblay Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
A 12 site‐year study representing four soil surface textural group was conducted.
Soil texture significantly influenced the economic optimum N rate (EONR).
Overall, clay and loam soils showed lower EONR and higher optimum corn yield.
Residual soil NO3–N (RSN) at EONR was higher in sandy soils.
At ∆EONR higher than zero, RSN was lower in clay and loam soils.
Soil texture has been reported to be a significant factor influencing economic optimum N rate (EONR) and residual soil nitrate (RSN). Therefore, this study aimed to (i) determine the impact of soil texture on EONR and (ii) investigate the interactive impact of N rate and soil texture on RSN in corn (Zea mays L.) production. The study was conducted over 12 site‐years in Quebec, Canada, and included six N rates (0–250 kg N ha−1) and four soil surface textural groups (clay, loam, sandy belonging to the gleysolic soil order [Sg] and sandy belonging to the podzolic soil order [Sp]). The quadratic plus plateau model, best described corn grain yield response and was used for predicting EONR. The EONR was greatest in the Sg soil (173 kg N ha−1) and lowest in the Sp soil (123 kg N ha−1), with the Sp grain yield being nearly 60% less than that predicted at other soil textural groups. The EONR in clay and loam soils was 144 and 164 kg N ha−1 with estimated grain yield of 12.7 and 12.0 Mg ha−1, respectively. The RSN content was greatest in Sg and Sp soils. The estimated RSN at EONR in Sp soil was lower than measured, indicating possible N losses in this soil. This study clearly demonstrated that soil texture should be major criteria on which static N rate recommendations are made to optimize corn grain yield and avoid RSN accumulation in the soil profile, particularly under wet conditions of Quebec.
Cover Crops and Returning Residue Impact on Soil Organic Carbon, Bulk Density, Penetration Resistance, Water Retention, Infiltration, and Soybean Yield
Authors: Chalise Kopila Subedi , Singh Shikha , Wegner Brianna R. , Kumar Sandeep , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Juan D. , Osborne Shannon L. , Nleya Thandiwe , Guzman Jose , Rohila Jai S. 
Published: September 2018

Core IdeasResidue returned increased organic carbon and reduced bulk density compared to residue not returned.Residue returned increased water retention and infiltration compared to residue not returned.Residue returned and cover crop increased soil volumetric water content and water storage.Cover crop reduced bulk density and increased water infiltration compared with no cover crop.Cover crop increased the soybean yield by 14% compared with no cover crop.Residue management with cover crops (CC) can conserve soil moisture and thus has a potential to increase crop yield, but its effectiveness varies significantly by region and cropping system management. A study was conducted at Brookings, SD, on fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, frigid, Calcic/Pachic Hapludolls soils to understand the impact of CC and crop residue on soil properties and soil‐water dynamics for soybean (Glycine maxL.) crop grown after corn (Zea maysL.). The site had two crop residue treatments (residue returned [RR] and residue not returned [RNR]) under a no‐till corn–soybean rotation. Each residue returned treatment was later subdivided to include CC and no CC (NCC) treatments. Results from this 3 yr (2014, 2015, and 2016) study showed that RR (1.30 Mg m–3) had 7% lower bulk density (BD) compared to the RNR (1.40 Mg m–3). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was 22% higher under RR (26.2 g kg–1) compared to RNR (21.5 g kg–1). Soil water infiltration was 66% higher under RR (108 mm h–1) compared to RNR (64.8 mm h–1). Similarly, soil water infiltration in CC treatment (111 mm h–1) was 80% higher compared to NCC (61.7 mm h–1). The RR with CC treatment increased soil volumetric water content and soil water storage. Overall, the CC increased soybean yield by 14% compared to NCC. Data from this study suggest that the use of CC with RR are beneficial for improving soil properties, conserving soil moisture and enhancing crop yield.
Concentrations of Herbicides in Wetlands on Organic and Minimum‐Tillage Farms
Authors: Donald David B. , Cessna Allan J. , Farenhorst Annemieke 
Published: September 2018

Wetlands are abundant throughout the agricultural landscape of central Saskatchewan, Canada, and the biota present in these wetlands may be vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticides used on nearby crops. We hypothesized that herbicide concentrations would be higher in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms than on organic (no herbicide use) farms, and that the principal transport mechanisms of runoff versus atmospheric deposition could be identified based on the concentrations in these two wetland types. To test these hypotheses, 29 herbicides were monitored for 5 yr in 16 wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms and in seven wetlands on organic farms. Twenty herbicides were detected in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms versus 12 in wetlands on organic farms. Clopyralid, MCPA, 2,4‐D, bromoxynil, dichlorprop, and dicamba were detected at a >50% frequency in wetlands on both minimum‐tillage and organic farms. Concentrations of clopyralid were significantly higher in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms than in those on organic farms, whereas no significant difference was observed for any of the other five herbicides. Glyphosate, including its degradation product AMPA, was detected in >50% frequency only in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms where the mean concentration (1278 ng L−1) was higher than the concentration of other herbicides. Mass applied, vapor pressure, and water solubility were important determinants of herbicide concentrations and detections in wetlands. Herbicide concentrations in all but two samples were less than their respective Canadian guideline for protection of aquatic life, suggesting that, overall, individual herbicide concentrations in the wetlands were not toxic to biota.Core Ideas
Wetland biota may be at risk from toxic effects of herbicides.
We assessed 29 herbicides in wetlands on minimum‐tillage and organic farms.
Fewer herbicides and lower concentrations were detected in wetlands on organic farms.
Detections were related to relative use, herbicide volatility, and water solubility.
Herbicides in wetlands on minimum‐tillage farms were usually below toxic thresholds
The Hupsel Brook Catchment: Insights from Five Decades of Lowland Observations
Authors: Brauer C.C. , van der Velde Y. , Teuling A.J. , Uijlenhoet R. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Meteorological and hydrological variables have been measured since 1964.
Focus was on rainfall–runoff process, land–atmosphere interaction, solute transport.
Long time series allowed studying effects of land use and water management changes.
The 6.5‐km2 Hupsel Brook catchment has been used as an example rural lowland area to understand rainfall–runoff processes, land–atmosphere interactions, and solute transport and to investigate how they are affected by changes in land use and water management. Meteorological and hydrological variables have been measured nearly continuously since 1964, including the 1976 drought and 2010 flood. In addition, more than 2200 water quality samples have been analyzed since the 1980s, with dedicated field campaigns focused on soil physics, evapotranspiration, and rainfall measurement. Novel insights based on these observations include the conclusion that shallow groundwater tables result in a coupled saturated–unsaturated zone and sustain evaporation in dry periods. Partitioning of rainwater between various flow paths is storage driven and therefore catchment wetness determines, together with groundwater–surface water interaction, the response of runoff to rainfall as well as solute transport.
Notas para um verbete do vocabulário Antonio Candido
Authors: Mariutti Francisco Roberto Papaterra Limongi 
Published: September 2018

Considera-se que em breve será organizado um Vocabulário Antonio Candido, em que conceitos postos em prática pelo autor de Formação da Literatura Brasileira sejam analisados; as presentes notas são um esboço do verbete ‘Forma Literária na concepção de Antonio Candido’.
Oxazolone–1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids: Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Lal Kashmiri , Kumar Lokesh , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Anil 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Oxazolones and 1,2,3-triazoles are among the extensively studied heterocycles
in medicinal chemistry. Both of these moieties are reported to possess a broad spectrum of biological
activity including antimicrobial.

Objective:
The objective of the current work is to design, synthesize and antimicrobial evaluation of
some new oxazolone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids.

Methods:
The designed oxazolone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were synthesized using copper(I)-catalyzed
azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The antimicrobial evaluation was carried out using serial dilution method.

Results:
Most of the synthesized hybrids showed significant antimicrobial properties. Some of the
compounds were found to be possessing better or comparable activity to that of the standards used. The
docking simulations results are also in agreement with the antimicrobial activity data.

Conclusion:
Sixteen new hybrids were synthesized and tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity.
Some of the tested compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activity and could be utilized for the
development of the lead compounds for new and more potent antimicrobial drugs.
Molecular Docking, G-QSAR Studies, Synthesis and Anticancer Screening of Some New 2-Phenazinamines as Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Kale Mayura A. , Sonwane Gajanan M. 
Published: September 2018

Background:The computational studies on 2-phenazinamines with their protein targets have been carried out to design compounds with potential anticancer activity. This strategy of designing compounds possessing selectivity over specific tyrosine kinase has been achieved through G-QSAR and molecular docking studies.Methods:The objective of this research has been to design newer 2-phenazinamine derivatives as Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors by G-QSAR, molecular docking studies followed by wet lab studies along with evaluation of their anticancer potential. Computational chemistry was done by using VLife MDS 4.3 and Autodock 4.2 followed by wet lab experiments for synthesizing 2- phenazinamine derivatives. The chemical structures of ligands in 2D were drawn by employing Chemdraw 2D Ultra 8.0 and were converted into 3D. These were optimised by using semiempirical method called MOPAC. The protein structure was retrieved from RCSC protein data bank as PDB file. The binding interactions of protein and ligands were done by using PYMOL. The molecular properties of the designed compounds were predicted in silico by using Osiris property explorer. Later, we synthesized novel 13 2-phenazinamine derivatives by treating parent compound with various aldehydes in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and urea to afford 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(phenazin-2-yl) thiazolidin-4-one and another series of derivatives synthesized with different aldehydes in the presence of p-toluylsulphonic acid, diphydropyridine and benzene sulfonyl chloride to afford benzenesulfonyl-N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-phenazin-2-amine. All the derivatives were tested for invitro anticancer activity on K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line by employing MTT assay method.Results:The developed G-QSAR models were found to be statistically significant with respect to training (r2=0.8074), cross-validation (q2=0.6521), and external validation (pred_r2=0.5892). The best developed G-QSAR model suggested that the XlogP values of phenazinamine derivatives were found to be highly influential in determining biological activity. The standard drug was found to exhibit binding energy - 6.79 kcal/mol and the derivatives 5b and 6c exhibited binding energy of - 7.46 and - 8.51; respectively.Conclusion:Compounds 5b, 6c were observed to possess good lipophilicity and were found to exhibit better activity than other compounds in the series, although less than standard doxorubicin. The synthesis of these 2-phenazinamine derivatives (5a-m) is reported to be obtained from 2,4- dinitrodiphenylamine by applying appropriate synthetic route. Compounds 5b and 6c showed better cytotoxic activity against K562 cancer cell line when compared to other compounds of the series, although less than standard doxorubicin.
Piperazine as an Inexpensive and Efficient Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions to Synthesize Bipyridines and Their Analogues
Authors: Chen Mingwei , Hu Jinyu , Tang Xiaoli , Zhu Qiming 
Published: September 2018

Aim and Objective: The synthesis of bipyridines, especially 2, 2’-bipyridines, remains challenging
because the catalytic cycle can be inhibited due to coordination of bipyridine to transition metal. Thus, the development
of efficient methods for the synthesis of bipyridines is highly desirable. In the present work, we presented
a promising approach for preparation of bipyridines via a Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reaction
with simple piperazine as a ligand.

Materials and Methods:
Simple and inexpensive piperazine was used as a ligand for Pd-catalyzed homocoupling
reaction. The combination of Pd(OAc)2 and piperazine in dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed to
form an excellent catalyst and efficiently catalyzed the homocoupling of azaarenyl halides, in which DMF was
used as the solvent without excess reductants although stoichiometric reductant was generally required to generate
the low-oxidation-state active metal species in the catalytic cycles.
</P><P>
Results: In this case, good to excellent yields of bipyridines and their (hetero) aromatic analogues were obtained
in the presence of 2.5 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 5 mol% of piperazine, using K3PO4 as a base in DMF at
140°C.

Conclusion:
According to the results, piperazine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand was used in the
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of heteroaryl and aryl halides. The coupling reaction was operationally
simple and displayed good substrate compatibility.
A Study on the Design of an Outer Rotor and Spoke Type PMSM for Improving Power Density
Authors: Kim Hak Jung , Cho Sooyoung , Lee Gang Seok , Jang Hyung-Kwan , Oh Ye Jun , Lee Ju 
Published: September 2018

Object:
This paper proposes an outer rotor and spoke-type permanent magnet synchronous motor (outer rotor spoke-type PMSM) to increase the power density compared to the inner rotor spoke-type permanent magnet synchronous motor(inner rotor spoke-type PMSM) used in washing machines.

Method:
In order to investigate the output characteristics of the Outer Rotor Spoke-type PMSM, comparison and analysis were conducted on three models of 16-poles/9-slots, 20-pole/9-slots and 22-poles/9-slots. Compare models were conducted with the limited condition which applies the same current density, phase voltage limit, and stator. The final model was optimized based on the model with the best output characteristics among three compare models.

Conclusion:
Finally, output characteristics are compared between compare models and the final model.
Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Two Lines of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Divergently Selected for Muscle Fat Content
Authors: Ricaud Karine , Rey Mickael , Plagnes-Juan Elisabeth , Larroquet Laurence , Even Maxime , Quillet Edwige , Skiba-Cassy Sandrine , Panserat Stéphane 
Published: September 2018

Background:Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based illumina Miseq sequencing in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content. Fish from these two lines of rainbow trout are known to have a differing lipid metabolism.Methods:Samples from the two lines (L for lean and F for fat) were collected from Midgut (M) and Hindgut (H) in juvenile fish (18 months) to compare intestinal microbiota diversity.Results:Whatever the lines and intestinal localisation,Proteobacteria,FirmicutesandActinobacteriaare the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of rainbow trout (at least 97%). The results indicate that richness and diversity indexes as well as bacterial composition are comparable between all groups even though 6 specific OTUs were identified in the intestinal microbiota of fish from the fat line and 2 OTUs were specific to the microbiota of fish from the lean line. Our work contributes to a better understanding in microbial diversity in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout.Conclusion:Altogether, our study indicates that no major modification of the intestinal microbiota is induced by selection for muscle lipid content and associated metabolic changes. Finally, we identified members of core microbiota in rainbow trout.
Pelvic Tilt Angle Differences Between Symptom-Free Young Subjects and Elderly Patients Scheduled for THA: The Rationale for Tilt-Adjusted Acetabular Cup Implantation
Authors: Marques Carlos J. , Martin Tobias , Kochman Andrzej , Goral Adrian , Lampe Frank , Breul Viktor , Kozak Josef 
Published: September 2018

Background:The question whether Pelvic Tilt (PT) angles measured in the supine position are adequate for the alignment of the acetabular cup without an adjustment for anatomical differences between patients is of clinical importance. The aim of this work was to test for factors that can significantly affect PT angles.Methods:In the present retrospective cohort comparison, the PT angles of 12 Symptom-Free Young Subjects (SFYS) and 45 patients scheduled for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) were compared. The data was collected during two studies with the use of a novel smartphone-based navigated ultrasound measurement system. Multi-factorial analysis of variance was run to determine which factors significantly affect PT.Results:Body position (F= 126.65; P< 0.001) and group (SFYS vs. THA patients) (F= 17.52; P< 0.001) had significant main effects on PT. There was also a significant interaction between body position and group (F= 25.59; P< 0.001). The mean PT increased by 8.1° from an interiorly to a neutral tilted position (P< 0.001) and 21.4° from a neutral to a posteriorly tilted position (P< 0.001) with the transition from the supine into the upright position for the SFYS and THA patients, respectively.Conclusion:In both groups, PT changed significantly with a transition from the supine to the upright position. A position-dependent mean PT increase in the patient group showed that acetabular cup alignment based on PT in the supine position is not reliable without taking into consideration the inclination of the pelvis in standing position. This may lead to instability and dislocations.
Long Non-coding RNAs in the Human Genome Acquired by Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Pierneef Rian , Clasen Frederick J. , Bezuidt Oliver K. I. , Reva Oleg N. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements is an essential component of prokaryotic evolution. These insertion events in eukaryotes and particularly in the human genome have been investigated by various methodologies with varying results.

Objective:
In this paper, we implement a sequence composition approach to investigate insertions of genomic islands in the human genome.

Methods:
A modified version of a prokaryotic GI identifier, SeqWord Gene Island Sniffer v.2.0, was used to predict genomic islands in the hg38 version of the human genome.

Results:
Predicted genomic islands were enriched with long non-coding RNAs and also contributed to the acquisition and modification of proteins associated with the immune system and gonad development, albeit to a lesser extent. The estimated rate of acquisition of these genomic islands in vertebrate genomes was non-linear with regards to species divergence times with an acceleration at the time of vertebrate land invasion and during the transition of prosimians to monkeys soon after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction.

Conclusion:
The rapid acquisition of non-conserved long non-coding RNAs in the human genome and probably in vertebrata genomes was facilitated by horizontal gene transfer. All predicted human genomic islands and supporting information are freely accessible from http://hislands.bi.up.ac.za.