bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose and its modified forms in the food industry: Applications, safety, and regulatory perspectives
Authors: Qin Zijin , Ng Wei , Ede James , Shatkin Jo Anne , Feng Jiannan , Udo Toshifumi , Kong Fanbin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanocellulose (NC), known for its unique properties including high mechanical strength, low density, and extensive surface area, presents significant potential for broad application in the food sector. Through further modification, NC can be enhanced and adapted for various purposes. Applications in the food industry include stabilizing, encapsulating, and packaging material. Additionally, due to its unique characteristics during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, NC and its derivatives exhibit the potential to be used as health‐promotion food ingredients. However, while the safety data on unmodified NC is readily available, the safety of modified forms of NC for use in food remains uncertain. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent breakthroughs in NC and its derivatives for innovative food applications. It synthesizes existing research on safety evaluations, with a particular emphasis on the latest findings on toxicity and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the paper outlines the regulatory landscape for NC‐based food ingredients and food contact materials in the United States and European Union and provides recommendations to expedite regulatory authorization and commercialization. Ultimately, this work offers valuable insights to promote the sustainable and innovative application of NC compounds in the food sector.
Multi‐functional reinforced food packaging using delivery carriers: A comprehensive review of preparation, properties, and applications
Authors: Li Xiquan , Song Yao , Yang Xiyue , Xu Jian , Zhang Xiuling , Sun Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of globalization, food packaging takes on more responsibility, while guaranteeing product quality and safety. In this context, the health risks associated with chemically synthesized additives and inorganic nanoparticles have opened a new chapter in the reinforcement of food packaging with natural active ingredients. Various delivery carriers have been developed to overcome the limitations of poor stability, uneven dispersion, and low bioavailability of natural active ingredients. The combination of encapsulation technologies can increase the biocompatibility of the active ingredient with the packaging material. Moreover, the protective and slow‐release effects of the carrier matrix on the active ingredients are desirable for the reinforcement of food packaging. This review presents the latest advances in the application of delivery systems in food packaging, including the types of delivery systems used in food packaging, reinforced properties of food packaging, and potential applications in the food industry. Previous scientific studies found that active ingredient‐loaded delivery carriers increased the effectiveness of food packaging in preventing food spoilage. Furthermore, the integration of active packaging with smart food packaging exhibits the synergistic effects of freshness monitoring and quality preservation. This review also discusses the challenges and trends in reinforcing food packaging with delivery carriers under a synergistic strategy that will provide new ideas and insights for the development and application of innovative food packaging.
Mung bean protein enhances the expansion of corn starch during twin‐screw extrusion
Authors: Bernin Joshua , Watanabe Preston , Wagner Caleb E. , Smith Stephanie , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of the inclusion of mung bean protein (MBP) on the direct expansion characteristics of corn starch during twin‐screw extrusion. Six blends of corn starch and MBP isolate (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w/w) were hydrated to three different moisture contents (MCs) (16%, 19%, and 21% w.b.). The blends were extruded using a twin‐screw extruder at three screw speeds (SSs) (300, 400, and 500 rpm). The resulting extrudates were evaluated for their water solubility index, water absorption index, expansion ratio (ER), true density, unit density, and porosity. As the protein content increased, the porosity of the extrudates increased. The ER of all extrudates ranged from 2.90 to 5.46, with the largest ER observed at an SS of 400 rpm, an MC of 19%, and 25% MBP inclusion. The porosity of the extrudates ranged from 1.79% to 11.42%. SS and protein content had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the porosity and ER of the extrudate.Practical ApplicationThis work provides valuable information for the industry on utilizing mung bean protein in direct expanded corn starch‐based extruded snacks. The information could be useful in the development of high‐protein extruded snacks and breakfast cereals.
Effect of pretreatment and peracetic acid pulping on cellulosic materials converted from spent coffee grounds
Authors: Hernandez‐Hosaka Cecilia , Park Bo‐ram , Zhao Yanyun , Jung Jooyeoun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpent coffee grounds (SCG) are the waste byproducts of coffee brewing. While SCG can be valorized to produce functional biopolymers due to their valuable structural components, the lignocellulosic structure of SCG is resistant to degradation because of the tightly bound lignin. Therefore, a pretreatment step is required before pulping with peracetic acid (PAA), an eco‐friendlier alternative to traditional pulping methods, to facilitate the extraction of these desired cellulosic materials. Formic acid:acetic acid:deionized water (FA:AA:W = 30:50:20) or 60% (v/v) ethanol pretreatments were applied to SCG to compare the characteristics of the resulting cellulosic materials after PAA pulping. Lignocellulose analysis showed that the lignin content (7.06%) of ethanol pretreated SCG was significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the cellulose content (29.52%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the untreated SCG (15.50% and 11.50%, respectively), indicating that an adequate amount of lignin was removed to obtain the cellulosic materials after the pretreatment process. Morphological and structural changes in the lignin and hemicellulose were observed in all the pretreated SCG, which further confirmed that these components were degraded with pretreatments and pulping. Ethanol pretreated SCG showed the most optimal results based on the greatest lignin decrease seen from its lignocellulose composition, appearance, and structure. This study exemplified a conversion process to extract cellulosic materials from SCG more efficiently to utilize for cellulose‐based products and verify its potential to be valorized as a waste byproduct.Practical ApplicationCoffee companies can provide the spent coffee grounds (SCG) they produce to develop cellulose‐based materials to make biodegradable packaging products rather than throwing them out or burning them. Using SCG for producing cellulose‐based materials can help promote sustainability and reduce food waste worldwide. SCG can be utilized as an alternative source based on their abundance and desired biopolymeric properties, providing innovative solutions to industries and increasing consumer awareness of this cause.
Green technologies for extracting plant waste functional ingredients and new food formulation: A review
Authors: Basile Giulia , De Luca Lucia , Sorrentino Giovanni , Calabrese Martina , Esposito Mariarca , Pizzolongo Fabiana , Romano Raffaele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNowadays, there is a growing interest in food waste recovery by both consumers and companies. Food waste of plant origin is a source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and tocopherols, with well‐known antioxidant, anti‐glycemic, and antimicrobial properties. The use of green and sustainable technologies to recover bioactive compounds from food waste is a possible solution to valorize waste following the principles of green chemistry. Furthermore, today's consumers are more attracted, informed, and aware of the benefits associated with the consumption of functional foods, and with this in mind, the use of extracts rich in beneficial compounds obtained by green technologies from food waste can be a valid alternative to prepare functional foods. In this review, the recovery of polyphenols and fibers with green technologies from food waste for the formulation of functional foods was presented.
Structure and functionality of Pleurotus geesteranus protein isolate as a function of pH
Authors: Chen Jiafeng , Chen Shilang , Zheng Qianwang , Ye Zhiwei , Guo Liqiong , Lin Junfang , Zou Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEdible mushroom proteins hold great potential for food applications, but those extracted using the alkaline extraction–acid precipitation method typically exhibit poor solubility in neutral water, with the structural changes during acid precipitation remaining unclear. In this study, Pleurotus geesteranus protein isolate (PGPI) with high water solubility was prepared with alkaline extraction, followed by dialysis and freeze‐drying, and the effects of pH on the structural and functional properties of PGPI were systematically investigated. PGPI was enriched in essential and aromatic amino acids, and the molecular weight of bands in the sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile was mainly distributed below 45 kDa. The zeta potential of PGPI changed from +16.84 to 17.58 mV when the pH increased from 2 to 9, with a pI of 4.3. At pH 7, PGPI showed a size of 232.7 nm. Away from pH 7, the particle size of PGPI increased. When the pH decreased from 7 to 2, PGPI exhibited a lower α‐helix structure content and a higher β‐sheet content and a gradual decrease in fluorescence intensity. In addition, as the pH approached 4, H0 and the content of SS group increased to a peak. These results indicated that lowering the pH induced the development of more ordered protein structure, which could be the primary reason for the poor water solubility of P. geesteranus protein obtained through alkaline extraction and acid precipitation. Additionally, these structural changes result in alterations to its functional properties, including water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsion activity index, and emulsion stability index.
Phenolics in soymilk manufactured from black and Proto soybeans by two continuous‐ultrahigh‐temperature‐processing technologies inhibit DU145‐prostate cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis
Authors: Tan Yingying , Chang Sam K. C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlant genotypes and processing technologies affect health properties of foods. How thermal processes with different sterilization values influence polyphenols in soymilk manufactured from different genotypes, particularly black soybean has not been well characterized. This study's aims were to investigate how one‐ and two‐phase ultrahigh temperature (UHT) processing technologies, with wide differences of lethality (F0 158.5 and 6.35, respectively), affected anti‐prostate cancer DU145‐cell properties of black soymilk compared to light‐yellow‐Proto soymilk. Phenolics were extracted from soymilk and used for chemical, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Total isoflavones and genistein in black soymilk were significantly higher than Proto soymilk by either processing methods. Compared to one‐phase processing, two‐phase produced higher gallic acid in both soybeans, and higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in black soymilk. Soymilk processed from both genotypes by both UHT methods inhibited DU145 cells. Two‐phase‐UHT processed black soymilk was more effective than one‐phase UHT‐processed soymilk. IC50 values (mg/mL) of black and yellow soy extracts against prostate cancer cells differed only by 11%–25%, which were lower than the differences of total isoflavone (29%–33%) or genistein (>50% between two beans). The mechanism by which soymilk inhibited DU145 cell proliferation was through apoptosis as evidenced by cell cycle analyses and expressions of caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and PARP‐1 proteins. Antioxidant properties, isoflavones, and phenolic acids were negatively correlated with prostate‐cancer‐cell inhibition IC50 (p < 0.05) with ORAC having the highest coefficient (r = −0.98). Overall, two‐phase‐UHT processing of soybean would produce soymilk products with a higher health benefit than a one‐phase UHT method.Practical ApplicationThis study characterized the potential prostate cancer prevention effect of soymilk's phenolic extract in black soybean and compared with yellow soybean. The crude extract can be prepared much less costly than purified isoflavones and has potential to be developed into a dietary supplement. This study shows differences of soymilks made by continuous high‐temperature processing of two soybean types and can serve as a scientific foundation for future clinical research and commercialization.
Glycation of sunnhemp protein with dextran via dry heating: Thermal, micro‐structural characterization, and amino acid profiling
Authors: Rawat Rashmi , Saini Charanjiv Singh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to obtain sunnhemp protein isolate (SHPI) and dextran conjugates by dry heating method of Maillard conjugation. The effects of different incubation time (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days) on the molecular flexibility, available lysine content, antioxidant properties, molecular structure, and thermal and micro‐structural properties of conjugates were compared with SHPI (no conjugation) at 60°C and 79% relative humidity. The results indicated the formation of SHPI–dextran conjugates as confirmed by the change in molecular flexibility, lysine content, antioxidant activities, color, and water activity values. The molecular structure revealed the confirmation of covalent bonding between SHPI and dextran. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermo‐gravimetric analysis results exhibited improvement in the thermal stability of SHPI when conjugated with dextran. The microstructural characterization showed that Maillard conjugation changed the surface structure of SHPI. The analysis of amino acid composition displayed that lysine, arginine, and phenylalanine were the dominant Maillard reaction sites of SHPI and dextran. Among all the conjugated samples, 5 days of incubation time was selected as an optimum condition for the development of SHPI–dextran conjugates on the basis of the aforementioned characterization. Overall, it was concluded that Maillard conjugation of sunnhemp protein with dextran via dry‐heating technique could modify and improve its various attributes.Practical ApplicationThe conjugation of plant proteins with polysaccharide through the Maillard reaction under dry heating conditions represents a natural and green technique for improving the techno‐functional properties of proteins. The study has the potential to establish framework for the utilization of Sunnhemp protein isolate‐dextran conjugates. This approach offers the potential for cost‐effective production of emulsifiers and development of effective encapsulating matrices. The investigation expands on an underutilized plant protein source facilitating an alternative to animal‐based proteins and contributing to the development of a sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Unwrapping the Intricate Interplay Between Energy Dependency and Macroeconomic Volatility in OECD Countries
Authors: Sahu Anjan Kumar , Mahalik Mantu Kumar 
Published: November 2024

While research has explored the connection between oil prices and macroeconomic performance, there is limited understanding of the interaction between overseas energy imports dependency and macroeconomic fluctuations. This work addresses the foregoing study using the augmented mean group (AMG) econometrics technique on panel data of 29 OECD net energy‐importing countries from 2001 to 2021. The long‐run finding unearthed that energy dependency intensifies macroeconomic instability, confirming that relying on overseas energy imports will hamper the smooth functioning of domestic economic machinery in the form of energy supply interruption. Besides energy dependency, this study uses government consumption spending, regulatory quality, and globalisation as control variables in macroeconomic instability function. The long‐run outcomes further depict that government consumption spending and globalisation aggravate macroeconomic instability while regulatory quality reduces it. These findings are further checked by applying the pooled mean group‐autoregressive distributed lag (PMG‐ARDL) method. In conclusion, this study provides policy implications to prioritise domestically produced energy use and diversify energy sources by increasing the share of clean energy in the total energy mix.
Autotransplantation of immature second premolar combined with alveolar ridge splitting: A long‐term (6‐year) follow‐up case report
Authors: Feng Cheng , Pan YaBin , Chen Lingling , Wang Jianzhe , Shi Zhenyu , Wu Ye 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis case report describes a successful autotransplantation procedure for an impacted mandibular left second premolar with incomplete root formation. Despite caries and root resorption, the patient's mandibular left second primary molar was retained. Furthermore, the severe impaction of the mandibular left second premolar ruled out orthodontic realignment. Due to the young age of the patient, dental implantation was not feasible, leading to the selection of autotransplantation as the preferred method for replacing the retained primary molar. To address the insufficient buccolingual width of the recipient site, a combination of piezosurgery‐assisted alveolar ridge splitting and guided bone regeneration techniques was employed in this autotransplantation procedure.
Monkeypox 2024 outbreak: Fifty essential questions and answers
Authors: Cabanillas Beatriz , Murdaca Giuseppe , Guemari Amir , Torres Maria Jose , Azkur Ahmet Kursat , Aksoy Emel , Vitte Joana , Fernández‐Santamaria Ruben , Karavelia Aspasia , Castagnoli Riccardo , Valdelvira Rafael , Orsi Andrea , Ogliastro Matilde , Massaro Elvira , Yücel Esra Özek , Novak Natalija , Agache Ioana , Akdis Mubeccel , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the world still vividly recalls the previous monkeypox (mpox) outbreak that impacted over 120 countries worldwide with more than 99,000 cases in 2022, we are now facing a second wave of infections from the monkeypox virus (MPXV), characterized by an exponential increase in cases. The current 2024 outbreak has already recorded more than 20,000 cases in Africa, marking a dramatic escalation compared to previous outbreaks. The predominance of the newly identified clade Ib variant, first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and now identified across multiple African nations and beyond, underscores its enhanced transmissibility and potential for international spread, evidenced by cases in Sweden and Thailand. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared on August 14, 2024, the current mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), calling for heightened global public health measures. The ongoing pattern of unusual, frequent, and extensive outbreaks of mpox with potential global implications poses significant questions. This review addresses, in the format of 50 questions and answers, the 2024 mpox outbreak, detailing its characteristics, epidemiological data, and impact compared to previous outbreaks. It comprehensively explores critical questions related to MPXV virological characteristics, immunological response, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnostics, and available treatments. The review also documents the significant and evolving challenges posed by the current mpox outbreak, highlighting its scale, spread, and public health response.
A microarray‐based IgE‐molecular mimicry index (IgE‐MMI): A biomarker for disease severity, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic response in atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Scala Enrico , Madonna Stefania , Abeni Damiano , Cecchi Lorenzo , Cocuroccia Barbara , Dattolo Anna , Moretta Gaia , Provini Alessia , Russo Filomena , Sordi Donatella , Pallotta Sabatino , Galluzzo Marco , Talamonti Marina , Villella Valeria , Giani Mauro , Caprini Elisabetta , Albanesi Cristina , Villalta Danilo , Asero Riccardo , Matricardi Paolo Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of autoimmune IgE responses in atopic dermatitis (AD) is highly debated. While IgE targeting self‐proteins has been extensively studied, IgE responses induced by human‐homologous exogenous molecular allergens (HEMAs) remains less understood.AimTo investigate whether IgE antibody responses to HEMAs are associated with AD, its severity, and response to dupilumab.MethodsWe enrolled 3325 participants with a history of allergic diseases, including 577 (17.3%) diagnosed with AD. Serum IgE antibodies against 183 exogenous allergenic molecules were measured using the IgE microarray (Allergy Explorer‐ALEX‐2®, MADX, Vienna). Based on international classification criteria, participants were stratified by AD severity and clinical phenotypes. For each patient, we developed an ‘IgE molecular‐mimicry index’ (IgE‐MMI), calculated from IgE reactivity to a panel of five HEMA protein families: arginine kinase, enolase (ENO), cyclophilin (CYP), lipocalin, and MnSOD. Logistic regression was employed to assess the association between IgE to HEMAs or IgE‐MMI and AD, its severity, and response to dupilumab.ResultsIgE sensitization to most HEMAs (32/48, 67%), but only to a small fraction of non‐HEMAs (3/135, 2.2%), was significantly more common in patients with severe AD compared to other patient groups. The IgE‐MMI was positive in 295/2748 (10.7%) of allergic patients without AD, and in 58/283 (20%), 52/134 (39%), and 86/160 (54%) of patients with remitting, moderate, or severe AD, respectively. It was strongly associated with specific phenotypes, such as flexural dermatitis (OR 8.4, 95% CI: 6.3–11.2), head and neck dermatitis (OR: 16.5, 95% CI: 7.4–37.2), and generalized eczema (OR: 8.6, 95% CI: 4.9–15.6). Poor response to dupilumab was associated with IgE antibodies to ENO (OR: 22.7, 95% CI: 1.7–302.9), but inversely associated with IgE antibodies to MnSOD (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.02–0.8) and NPC‐2 from dust mites (OR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.01–0.9).ConclusionIgE microarrays are useful for broadly assessing IgE to HEMAs in allergic patients. IgE reactivity to HEMAs and a positive IgE‐MMI may serve as valuable biomarkers for severe AD, its clinical phenotypes, and the response to dupilumab.
Sound mind, sound body, or vice versa? Mind–body beliefs shape health behaviors
Authors: Ku Xyle , Jyung Mina , Kim Jennifer Hyunji , Choi Incheol 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present research examines whether and how lay intuitive theory regarding the interconnectedness of the mind and body, which we term mind–body correspondence (MBC), predicts engagement in health behaviors. Specifically, we hypothesised that MBC would strengthen mind influences the body (MIB) and body influences the mind (BIM) beliefs, which would in turn increase mental and physical health behaviors, respectively. We tested associations among MBC (independent variable), MIB and BIM beliefs (proposed mediators), and mental and physical health behaviors (dependent variables) using correlational designs in Studies 1a to 1c. Results revealed positive associations between MBC and (1) MIB and BIM and (2) mental and physical health behaviors, as well as between MIB and mental health behaviors and between BIM and physical health behaviors. We then tested the full model in Study 2 with an experimental manipulation of MBC and in Study 3 with a two‐wave longitudinal design. Both studies revealed significant indirect effects of MBC on mental health behaviors via MIB and on physical health behaviors via BIM. Together, our findings suggest that one can encourage mental health behaviors by emphasizing the mind‐to‐body connection and physical health behaviors by highlighting the body‐to‐mind connection.