bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea OSA as a Cause Of Resistant Fatigue in the Safety Sensitive Workforce
Authors: Levy Scott , Sanderson Neelum , Emma Leslie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Fatigue is a known contributor to accidents. The potential for fatigue-related accidents also exists in the oil and energy industry.
Fatigue risk management systems commonly involve review and adjustment of employee rosters and job functions to assist employees with getting rest based on their work demands. Although this approach is reasonable, it assumes that by giving the employee the ability to rest, that he/she will return refreshed. Certain medical conditions may inhibit an employee's ability to rest.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical condition where the patient has an airway obstruction which occurs when muscles in the upper airway relax while sleeping. This obstruction forces them to awaken, and if untreated, may lead to adverse medical conditions. For these patients, hours of work may not correlate as well with level of fatigue. Although there are many factors for OSA, the one most relevant for this abstract is Body Mass Index (BMI). In the adult population, OSA is estimated to be approximately 25% to 45% higher in obese subjects. The odds of having OSA increases as BMI rises and for individuals with a BMI of &gt;35.

Method, Procedures, Process
We will describe risk factors for OSA, treatment of the condition, as well as methods to reduce fatigue related risk. The discussion will include key components of a medical screening program as well as health and wellness programming that can be considered in parallel with any Fatigue Risk Management System.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Biometric data can be utilized to help predict the risk of fatigue related accidents in the workplace. By addressing the risks and providing solutions these incidents may decrease.

Novel/Additive Information
We will explore current OSA screening criteria, work hours limitations, and health and wellness programs as they relate to reducing risk. Most importantly, we will discuss a significant shortcoming with the identification of high risk individuals and an easy approach to help mitigate this risk.
Famous Barriers, A Novel Approach to Improving Management Understanding of Critical Functions.
Authors: Hudson T. G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper further develops Bow-Tie methodological concepts such as the Levels analysis (SPE 127180), Sparseness, Completeness and Complexity (Hudson & Hudson, 2015). These concepts, taken together, are developed here to provide simple ways of providing managers with both strategic and tactical information about how well their risks are being controlled. The introduction of frequency and effectiveness measures combined with greater understanding of the management functions as described allows improved control.
The disconnect between the knowledge and understanding residing within the risk management function of an organisation and its senior management has been the cause of numerous incidents within the Oil and Gas industry. The immediacy of personal safety incidents, together with the personal history of senior managers, can create situations where the actual organisational needs are deprioritised in favour of immediate, hands-on actions.
The FAME method, by looking at all the management functions controlling barriers, allows risk managers to communicate the highest priority safety critical management functions to the senior managers in a clear and concise manner.
The emphasis is moved from immediate causes to factors that are within the span of control of managers. This allows the conversation to change from "why wasn't he wearing his gloves?," a purely reactive question about events that the manager has very little control over; to "how did we not have a start-up audit on this contract?," a subject that is closely related to the actual activities of the manager concerned.
This paper introduces a method for clearly communicating to senior management what their own critical management functions are and what they can be held accountable for.
Road Risk Analysis and VTS Geo-Fencing: A New Concept Implemented During the Urban Seismic Acquisition Operations to Eliminate/Minimize the Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Minhaj Rifad Ali , Al-Awadi Mashari , Al-Ajmi Bader , Al-Enezi Mohammad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) recently completed, one of the most challenging seismic acquisition survey covering three different terrain conditions (Land, Transition Zone and Marine), where the survey crew has to encounter lots of obstacles during the project execution phase. During the land acquisition activities, the survey covered most of the State of Kuwait urban areas including Kuwait city and the adjoining highly crowded/traffic congested areas. Fleets of more than 100 vehicles including heavy vehicles such as vibrator trucks were operating 24/7 in the State of Kuwait urban areas as part of survey programs. The project faced many challenges and one of the major challenge was to drive through the highly crowded/traffic congested areas and to cross all the major express highways & ring roads as part of project objective. By considering the State of Kuwait Road Accident frequency rate, it was evident that, a robust control measures is required in order to mitigate this high risk and to eliminate any motor vehicle accidents during the survey acquisition phase. Hence, Land Transportation had been ranked as no.1 Hazard during the initial planning stage of the seismic acquisition project. In order to mitigate the driving risk and to manage a fleet of more than 100 vehicles, a new initiative has been introduced.
This Abstract outlines one of the industry best HSE tool used to control and monitor a fleet of more than 100 vehicles through the Road Risk Analysis and GEO-Fencing on the vehicle VTS System.
The project was well planned & properly executed. The crew has successfully completed the urban operations (all the highly congested urban areas including the Kuwait city). The overall project performance in terms of motor vehicle accidents after its implementation remains @ Zero recordable Motor Vehicle Accidents after driving more than Four Million KMs inside urban areas. In addition, the project had been successfully completed with more than Six Million Man-hours of Operations without any Lost Time Injury (LTI).
Journey Towards Energy Excellence
Authors: Pradhan Debashis , Chanda Sobhakar C. , Al-Amoudi Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Almost all industries consume energy for their operations, with the current climate change scenario companies need to achieve excellence in terms of energy efficiency through a proper Energy Management. The core business of the company is to produce Crude Oil &Associated Gas assisted by injecting gas and water to sustain reservoir health. Based on business demand the company added several equipment over a large period of time, hence equipments are smaller in capacity and scattered location. The company has improved its energy performance in a sustainable manner by implementing energy efficiency measures, changing people attitude and developing an energy management culture. This submission will talk about "Energy reduction and impact of oil & Gas operations on environment, conservation of natural resources & energy use, as well on minimizing carbon foot print" Energy performance data has been analyzed and following results were observed Energy consumed as primary sources (fuel gas) & Energy consumed as secondary (electricity). –52% of fuel gas is consumed for power generation–46 % of fuel gas is consumed for gas processing and compression–72 % of electrical power produced is being used for water injection plants
By adopting 3 out of the 4 pillars tools (Engineering Improvements, Operational improvements, Effective Maintenance) the company has managed to reduce by 8.6% specific energy consumption per barrel of oil equivalent produced.
Community Engagement, Commitments, and Partnership for Successful E&P Operations in Bolivia
Authors: Calvimontes Eva , Sánchez Sergio Eduardo , Ravishankar Krish Ravi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
For successful Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations, relationship and engagement with the communities in the direct areas of influence is of paramount importance for Vintage Petroleum Boliviana (VPB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OPC). Since the beginning of the operations in three major areas—Naranjillos, Porvenir, and Ñupuco fields, the company at all stages or phases of design, planning, and implementation of projects and programs worked very closely with the neighboring communities in the areas of influence. The objective has always been the same: to improve the life quality of the society as a whole and be a partner with the communities.
This paper and presentation explains the approach, systems, and processes that VPB has successfully applied in: a) communicating with the communities; b) actively engaging the communities to avoid conflicts of competing interests; c) the processes employed in seeking prior consensus, approval, and engagement of the communities in the social responsibility programs launched by the Company. The multidisciplinary internal functions or groups involved (e.g., Supply Chain, Health, Safety, and Environment, Operations, Finance/Accounting, and the employees) makes the program successful. This paper also discusses some of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) established for monitoring and evaluating the success of the programs. Additionally, the paper presents both tangible and intangible benefits the communities receive and the quality of life enhancement of the communities.
Setting Up an Operational Global Risk Dashboard for Upstream Operating Entities?
Authors: Cassassoles O. , Dembele M. , Glowacz A. , Supiot J. , Courandier J. M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
To better control HSE risks of its complex operations, TOTAL E&P Angola hereinafter referred as TEPA (4 FPSOs, 630 kbopd in 2017) developed an Operational Global Risk Dashboard to provide a summary HSE view of operating sites. The tool was set to assist Top Management's decision making from risk trends and to identify situations displaying areas of concern.
While the first dashboard was composed of an exhaustive set of measurable data, its benefits were balanced by the delay and efforts spent to update it. The tool was rationalized by focusing only on two key components: the reliable data available in the Company HSE web database and the risk perception of the HSE Site Managers, responsible of HSE on site.
The dashboard consists of a global risk view which summarizes the operational risk indicators and a detailed risk view per asset. A qualitative risk evaluation of numerical data was considered, capturing the cumulative effects as a combination of three simple dimensions: quantity, criticality and trend. Four operational risk indicators cover the incidents recorded, with 3 different viewpoints (human consequences, high potential incidents and loss of primary containment) and the downgraded situations.
The risk perception of the HSE Site Manager is built through three major drivers of asset integrity: people, plant and processes. It is a valuable soft indicator, often complementary from the data analysis. It captures all the weak signals from the sites which might not be reflected within all the trends of available data.
The display with colored icons (green, orange and red) gives an immediate perception of the risk. It supports the Top Management to check if the appropriate corrective actions are undertaken by the operational entities or at least requesting additional risk mitigations on the identified red warnings. It also provides a qualitative means to analyze which parameter of ‘People, Plant & Processes’ needs to be reinforced.
Biodiversity Management in an Oil and Gas Company: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Fernández-Casatejada Raquel , Santamaría Carmen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Exploration and Production (E&P) activities take place across the globe. Environmental management is governed by national and regional laws and international standards, which draw red lines and establish management rules for emissions, wastewater and waste. Although international biodiversity management guidelines are in place, adherence in areas with high biodiversity value, either in terms of habitats or species, is complex and ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Practicable) impact targets are not easily established.
A simple but effective approach, the Repsol Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Tool (BEST-R), has been developed to meet this challenge for all Repsol E&P activities and has been evaluated by applying this tool to 15 projects at 7 operating assets. The BEST-R is designed to evaluate 30 parameters (6 recommended practices, each of which impact on 5 key environmental aspects), describe these parameters in detail; set homogeneous mid-term goals, enable benchmarking between sites; and test the effectiveness of impact mitigation measures. In addition, the BEST-R adheres to the IPIECA Guidance document, "Biodiversity and ecosystem services fundamentals" good practices in the current environment for Oil and Gas companies.
This approach for building a Corporate Biodiversity Strategy that integrates biodiversity into business management to turn challenges into successes could inspire other companies that operate in various countries and environments.
Developing a Carbon Management Strategy for Kuwait Oil Company
Authors: Osund-Ireland M , Richer J , Stenhouse T 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper describes how a carbon management strategy for Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) was developed, building on the GCC award winning Air Compliance Management Program. A range of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions were assessed technically and economically, including measures that could be implemented by KOC or more widely across other sectors in Kuwait. The potential contribution that carbon capture and storage could make, including with enhanced oil recovery, was also assessed.
The results are presented in terms of an abatement cost curve for reducing GHG emissions in Kuwait which is comparable to abatement cost curves collated for other countries. Kuwait has the potential to reduce GHG emissions to 29% below 2030 levels at zero net cost, i.e. the cost of investment to deploy emission reduction measures would be offset by direct cost savings in energy and water. Applying the same ‘zero net cost’ to KOC suggests its own GHG emissions could be reduced to 15 – 20% below 2015 levels by 2030. This could include implementing measures within the local community; initiating actions that could be adopted more widely across Kuwait.
The ‘zero net cost’ proposition strongly supports implementation of measure to reduce GHG emissions in the short term and would provide a strong basis for investment in other measures, such as carbon capture and storage, in the longer term.
Building Better Performance Measures for Better Conversations to Provoke Change
Authors: Gower-Jones A. D. , Peuscher W. T. , Groeneweg J , King S. , Taylor M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Injury rates are a thing of the past: building better performance measures for better conversations to provoke change.
The Oil & Gas industry has measured safety performance using Injury frequency rates for the last 40 years. Industry thinking is based on the premise that: if we do not have injuries then we are safe, andif we have injuries we are not safe.
This paper examines the fallacy of that premise, and the use of injury rates, as a key performance indicator. It argues that, as a key performance indicator, injury frequency rate is no longer a valid measure. Indeed, in many cases its use creates unhelpful discussions in leadership teams and therefore prevents the culture of many organisations from changing.
The paper reviews the current state of knowledge in accident causation, in part based on the ground-breaking research from the 1980s through to the early 2010s. It demonstrates how, through the use of Jim Reason's Swiss Cheese Model, Reason and Rasmussen's Generic Error Model (GEMS) and Willem Albert Wagenaar's Tripod model of accident causation, key performance indicators can be developed that will enable leadership teams to transform the culture of the organisation by changing what they believe to be important.
Cultures change through the behaviours of both formal and informal leaders. Those leaders create and react to the environment they are placed in. By maintaining injury rates as the industry's key performance indicator we are inhibiting that change and disfranchising our workforce.
The paper gives examples of how different indicators both in terms occupational and process safety created different conversations and behaviours in both leaders and the workforce - some appeared extremely positive and others extremely negative. It will then provide examples of how to create better indicators more suitable for your organisation.
Coping with the Extremes of the Sahara Desert
Authors: Todd Steven Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Topic Category: Health in the Working Environment: Extreme Environment Title: "Coping with the extremes of the Sahara" Objectives & Scope of Study:- To identify and implement suitable and sufficient health and safety measures to cope with demands of working and traveling within the Hassi Messaoud South Satellite Revamping Project which covers an area of approximately 1500Km2 and is located in the one of the harshest and most extreme environments on earth. This being the Sahara Desert which has long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters with little rainfall and intense sand storms. Methods, Procedures, Process: Interaction and discussion with personnel from the region and where possible, talks with the Tuareg nomads. To help gain a better understanding of how to possibly improve working conditions in such a hostile environment, especially during Ramadan when workers are fasting in some of the highest yearly temperatures but manage to work 8 hours continually. Set up of a detailed journey management programme using plot maps and journey timings to assist in locating personnel who are commuting between satellites, should they not arrive at planned destination and cannot be contacted due to loss of signal coverage etc. Results & Observations:- This summer, temperatures have been in the 50- 53°C range continually, and there have been many sand storms with winds gusting up to 50Km/h. However despite such harsh conditions there has been surprising results in that only one notable incident of heat stress was reported with the IP receiving first aid at site before being evacuated to the local hospital / clinic for further treatment and examination. It was expected that incident numbers would be higher with regards to the harsh weather conditions and poor road conditions that cover the 1500Km2. However, the methods procedures and processes implemented have proved a surprising success so far in the 300 plus days the project has been in progress in that no one has been seriously injured, went missing, suffered any lasting effects from heat stress or suffered heat stroke. Novel/Additive Information:- This author has tried to interact with the some of Tuareg Nomads encountered, to try and gain some insight into how they survive in such extreme conditions, with other projects facing such conditions may be able to implement. There is also a need to further research the sustainability of the region in that oil and gas will eventually run out and solar power should be considered as a viable power alternative.
Refining Heinrich: Power Laws in Incident Severity Distributions
Authors: Hudson T. G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the use of injury severity distribution statistics as a proxy for the severity distribution of injury and non-injury incident statistics as described by Heinrich's iceberg. It examines those distributions that allow the estimation of the probability of more serious incidents than have already occurred. The organization involved has been anonymized.
A total of ±24,000 incident reports, over eight years in a high-hazard resource industry, were analyzed, of which ±12,000 had more than trivial incident severity. Of the selected reports the severities were assessed using expert knowledge, in combination with interviews with involved parties where possible to ensure assignment accuracy. The distributions over severities were compared both across the whole organization and for individual sites. After collation the distribution was applied to the current year's results, which had not been used to construct the distributions, to test the predictive efficacy of the model.
The incident distributions studied follow a power law, which can be described by a Pareto distribution, where the tail function describes the higher consequence levels. In this case study the general function followed the famous 80-20 rule. The distributions found, both within the sites and in the operation as a whole, were stable over the first seven years and predicted the eighth year. The stability of the distributions strongly suggests that these can be used to project into the future, thus allowing them to be used together with average cost profiles to project incident costs into the future for safety investment purposes.
The Power law distribution points to two factors: The reduced probability of failure of consecutive barriers, with recovery controls having increasing weightIncreased management commitment and increased statutory requirements as incident potential increases
In addition the stability of the incident distribution across the years suggests that the distribution is a function of the safety culture.
This paper addresses and refines Heinrich's assertions about incident distribution, demonstrating with a large N size analysis that actual incident distribution is a power law function. In addition, it shows that this allows projection into the future.