bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity affects the exometabolomes of four benthic functional groups in coral reefs
Authors: Engelhardt Kara Elena , Vetter Jana , Wiederkehr Fabienne , Hartwig Christoph , Klinkenbuß Denise , Sunagawa Shinichi , Schäberle Till F. , Ziegler Maren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Coral reef organisms associate with diverse microorganisms as holobionts. The microbial and biochemical properties of these holobionts extend beyond the physical boundary of the organisms into the surrounding environment. This dynamic zone called the aura-biome may mediate and be mediated by interactions between species in the reef. However, the factors such as the surrounding species that shape the biomolecules present in the aura-biome, remain largely unknown. Using LC-MS/MS of water samples in the aura-biome of the organisms, we show that biodiversity of neighboring species affects the exometabolome of species of stony corals, soft corals, macroalgae, and sponges. Exometabolomes were most distinct in organisms in high and low complexity polyculture, while exometabolomes of organisms in monoculture were indistinguishable from empty controls, indicating that surrounding reef species triggered the release of biomolecules. Exometabolomes were species- and organism-group specific with distinct metabolite patterns between the four functional groups. These differences between benthic reef species persisted under varying biodiversity treatments. We annotated 20 compounds from the exometabolomes, 15 of these belong to ten classes of natural products, with known effects ranging from competition to antifouling. Our data demonstrate that reef species have distinct metabolite auras, which are dynamically adapted to the surrounding species diversity, implicating them in the understudied water-mediated interactions between species. It is therefore essential to understand the composition of reef metabolites in aura-biomes and the factors shaping them to understand their role in mediating organismal interactions and nutrient cycling in coral reef ecosystems.
The Optimal Flow in Multicommodity Dynamic Problem using Modified Algorithm
Authors: Beniwal Gautam , Rizwanullah Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The multicommodity flow problem is classical optimization problem where multi commodities transported from sources to sinks subject to different constraints e.g. distance function, demand function with respect to time expanded capacities. Dynamic approach considering time varying flows to resolve the multicommodity flow problem. In this paper, we investigated a time-dependent, stochastic version of min-cost integer multi-commodity flow problem in context of dynamic resource allocation. The stochastic and time dependent dynamic approach uses to resolve the problem considering flow rates changes over time due to certain parameters such as demand function, distance function, conjugation or changing the cost. Linear approximations result in low-quality solutions. Although we will eventually need to use piecewise-linear or hybrid approximation techniques, their quick runtimes can make them respond in the initial piecewise-linear approximation iterations. For this reason, in present work applied an iterative, adaptive dynamic programming approach that influences both non-linear and linear approximations of value function to efficiently tackle this complex problem. The numerical results show that the proposed model gives optimal solution and is computationally useful for large scale problems. It also allows to efficiently manage and optimize the transportation of multicommodity through complex network overtime.
Satisfaction Survey on Practical Teaching in the Health Inspection and Quarantine Major Based on a Likert Scale
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Yang Yadi , Deng Wenhang , Song Ying , Chen Ying , Jiang Xinyue , Jin Yuyang , Ding Gaojie , Xu Fang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
After the implementation of a series of open practice teaching reform measures, the satisfaction of health inspection and quarantine students with practical teaching was investigated.
Method
A self-designed Likert scale was used to survey 110 students regarding their satisfaction with practical teaching.
Results
The Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.987, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.921. Among the 8 core courses in the health inspection and quarantine major, the satisfaction scores pertaining to the practical teaching of epidemiology were the highest in terms of teaching content, teaching methods, and teaching effectiveness, which received scores of 4.59 ± 0.67, 4.61 ± 0.64, and 4.55 ± 0.66, respectively. The satisfaction scores of students in different grades with respect to the practical teaching of core courses in their majors reveal that the satisfaction scores of fourth-year students were higher than those of students who had already graduated.
Conclusion
The satisfaction survey scale exhibits good reliability and validity, and its results are true and reliable. The satisfaction and overall evaluation scores of fourth-year students with regard to the practical teaching of core courses in their major are higher than those of their classmates who have already graduated, thus indicating that the research on and reform of practical teaching in recent years have achieved certain results. In the future, follow-up surveys on students’ satisfaction with practical teaching will be conducted to test the results of practical teaching research and reform.
Influence of extraction method and solvent system on the antioxidant activity of Scenedesmus parvus extract
Authors: Ruzi Iqbal Iman , Shahpudin Siti Nurfatimah Mohd , Mohamad Sharlina , Kassim Mohd Asyraf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Scenedesmus parvus, a Malaysian freshwater microalga, has garnered attention as a promising source of secondary metabolites with applications in various industries, including nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. This study aimed to evaluate the extraction yield, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of S. parvus extracts obtained through different extraction methods (sonication, non-sonication, and soxhlet). Additionally, the fatty acid profile and key chemical constituents of S. parvus were analysed using GC-FID. Results revealed that the sonication method utilizing methanol as the extraction solvent yielded the highest extraction yield (14.5 ± 1.5%), whereas the non-sonication method employing hexane yielded the lowest (1.34 ± 0.2%). Furthermore, the sonicated ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (66.32 ± 0.818 mg GAE g− 1 DW) and total flavonoid content (684.45 ± 28.928 mg QE g− 1 DW). Soxhlet extraction demonstrated superior antioxidant activity in both DPPH (IC50: 0.48 ± 0.035 mg mL− 1) and ABTS+ (IC50: 0.13 ± 0.003 mg mL− 1) scavenging assays compared to the others. These findings highlight the potential of different extraction methods from S. parvus, particularly those obtained with methanol as the extraction solvent, as valuable sources of natural antioxidants for application in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics.
Feasibility Study of Cockle Shell Powder as a Partial Cement Replacement in Mortar
Authors: Othman Rokiah , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Sulaiman Mohd Arif , Duraisamy Youventharan , Putrajaya Ramadhansyah , Parsuraman Jeyasaraniya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The high demand for mortar in construction necessitates a significant amount of cement. Malaysia has eight cement manufacturers with an estimated production capacity of 40.2 million tonnes. However, natural depletion may occur during the mortar manufacturing process. Additionally, the disposal of seashell waste can negatively impact the environment and contribute to pollution, affecting human quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using marine waste, specifically cockle shell powder (CSP), as a partial replacement for cement in mortar mixtures. The properties of mortar containing varying percentages of CSP (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) as a partial cement replacement were investigated. The effects of CSP on workability, compressive strength, and water absorption were analyzed. The findings indicate that the optimum CSP replacement level is 6%, as its properties closely match those of the control mortar, making it an excellent candidate for substitution. However, the experimental results also show that incorporating CSP as a partial cement replacement reduces the workability and strength of the mortar specimens. Furthermore, an increase in CSP percentage corresponds with higher water absorption.
Crack Evolution and its Quantitative Analysis on Unsaturated Loess and Paleosoil
Authors: Xing Yu , Wang Tie Hang , Zhao Zai Kun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The alternating loess and loess paleo-soil layers exhibit distinct water contraction cracking behavior in the loess region. Investigating these characteristics is essential for projects in loess areas. This study focused on Q3 loess and loess samples, revealing the following key findings:(1) Cracking occurs in three stages: crack initiation, skeleton formation, and complete development. (2) Loess paleo-soil requires higher initial cracking water content than Q3 loess. After crack development, the overall water content of paleosoil remains higher. (3) Cracks are wider but fewer in paleo-soil. The highest water content is at the specimen’s edge. (4) Initial water content affects crack rate (r), total crack length (L), and average crack width (Dav) in both loess and loess paleo-soil specimens. Conversely, initial dry density inhibits r and L but promotes Dav. (5) The two modes of the presence of clay grains result in higher clay content loess paleosols having greater deformability and soil tensile strength than Q3 loess. Deformation-induced tensile forces and soil tensile strength play distinct roles during early and late crack development. (6) Using fracture toughness, energy diffusion formulas, and the elasticity model, it is concluded that paleosol has a weaker ability to produce new cracks but better deformation performance compared to Q3 loess.
A sociological analysis on the effects of road accident in Gwagwalada Abuja– Nigeria
Authors: Gift Ogbu , umar Abubakar Garba , Adetoun B.E. , Ogbu J.C. , Charity Ogbu Ogechi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The project examined the effects of road accident in Gwagwalada area council of the fct. The objective of this study was to find out the factors responsible for road accident and examined the socio-economic implications of road accident in Gwagwalada. The study adopted the survey method: the questionnaire data was collected from a sample frame of 150 respondents. The findings of the study were that there has been an upsurge in the proportion and absolute number of traffic fatalities withnessed in Gwagwalada and the issues of overspending and bad roads are the leading causes of road accident. It also found that loss of life and livelihoods are also the leading implications of road accidents to victims. The study suggested that proper training be given to members of the society on driving lessons to avert further occurences of road accidents.
Effects of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kgBW administration as preemptive analgesia on analgesia duration and the need for Fentanyl following hysterectomy surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fuadi I. , Zulfariansyah A. , Mokoginta Jacklin Edward 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure with a high number of moderate to severe postoperative pain complications. Preemptive analgesia prevents central sensitization before surgery, hampering postoperative hyperesthesia. Ketamine is one of several preemptive analgesia available. This study aims to study the effects of ketamine 0.5 mg/kgBW administration as preemptive analgesia on analgesia duration and the need for fentanyl following hysterectomy surgery. MATHERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial experiment on two groups: the treatment group (n = 20) was given ketamine 0.5 mg/kgBW and the control group (n = 20). The duration was measured starting from surgery completion up to the need for additional fentanyl 25 µg analgesia through Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) within 24-hour periods following surgery. Numerical data statistical analysis was done using unpaired T-test and Mann—Whitney for normally distributed data and non-normally distributed data respectively. Categorical data statistical analysis was done using the Exact Fisher test. RESULTS: The mean time recorded until additional analgesia was needed in the treatment group was 246.00 ± 33.150 minutes and in the control group was 121.50 ± 23.792 minutes. The mean total 24-hour post-surgery additional analgesia was 82.50 ± 11.75 µg and 118.75 ± 11.10 µg for the treatment group and control group respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the duration of analgesia and the need for additional analgesia between the two subject groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of ketamine preemptive analgesia at a dose of 0.5 mg/kgBW resulted in longer analgesia duration and reduced the need for fentanyl as an additional analgesic in postoperative patients compared with no preemptive analgesia and showed no significant side effects.
Thermal Expansion of Römerite under Low-Temperature Conditions Revision 2
Authors: Bird Eli , Pardo Olivia S. , Gilkyson Nina , Jackson Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Römerite, a triclinic hydrous sulfate in the P1 space group with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2 (SO4)4 × 14(H2O), is of potential interest in studies of planetary environments, with particular relevance to Mars and the icy Jovian satellites. Past work has indicated the presence of hydrous sulfates on said bodies and the mixed-valence iron in the structure of römerite makes the mineral a worthwhile end-member composition in thermodynamic models. Such models should be constrained with measurements at the low temperatures relevant to the planetary environments in question. We characterized single crystals of römerite with time-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction methods. Through our X-ray diffraction experiment, we refined the unit–cell parameters of the crystal between 100 and 300 K. The resulting temperature-variant lattice parameters and volumes are reported and are fit by physical and empirical models of the thermal expansion coefficient. The physical model considered, a Debye model of thermal expansion, provides estimates of additional thermodynamic parameters: the ratio of the bulk modulus at 0 K and 1 bar to the thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter (K0,0K/γth), the volume at 0 K and 1 bar (V0,0K), and the Debye temperature (θD).
Digital Dentists: A Curriculum for the 21st Century
Authors: Mun Michelle , Byrne Samantha , Shaw Louise , Lyons Kayley 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Future health professionals, including dentists, must critically engage with digital health technologies to enhance patient care. While digital health is increasingly being integrated into the curricula of health professions, its interpretation varies widely depending on the discipline, health care setting, and local factors. This viewpoint proposes a structured set of domains to guide the designing of a digital health curriculum tailored to the unique needs of dentistry in Australia. The paper aims to share a premise for curriculum development that aligns with the current evidence and the national digital health strategy, serving as a foundation for further discussion and implementation in dental programs.
Auxiliary Diagnosis of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Eye-Tracking and Digital Biomarkers: Case-Control Study
Authors: Liu Zhongling , Li Jinkai , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Dan , Huo Yanyan , Yang Jianxin , Zhang Musen , Dong Chuanfei , Jiang Luhui , Sun Ruohan , Zhou Ruoyin , Li Fei , Yu Xiaodan , Zhu Daqian , Guo Yao , Chen Jinjin 
Published: October 2024

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-aged children. The lack of objective biomarkers for ADHD often results in missed diagnoses or misdiagnoses, which lead to inappropriate or delayed interventions. Eye-tracking technology provides an objective method to assess children’s neuropsychological behavior.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop an objective and reliable auxiliary diagnostic system for ADHD using eye-tracking technology. This system would be valuable for screening for ADHD in schools and communities and may help identify objective biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study of children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. We designed an eye-tracking assessment paradigm based on the core cognitive deficits of ADHD and extracted various digital biomarkers that represented participant behaviors. These biomarkers and developmental patterns were compared between the ADHD and TD groups. Machine learning (ML) was implemented to validate the ability of the extracted eye-tracking biomarkers to predict ADHD. The performance of the ML models was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation.

Results
We recruited 216 participants, of whom 94 (43.5%) were children with ADHD and 122 (56.5%) were TD children. The ADHD group showed significantly poorer performance (for accuracy and completion time) than the TD group in the prosaccade, antisaccade, and delayed saccade tasks. In addition, there were substantial group differences in digital biomarkers, such as pupil diameter fluctuation, regularity of gaze trajectory, and fixations on unrelated areas. Although the accuracy and task completion speed of the ADHD group increased over time, their eye-movement patterns remained irregular. The TD group with children aged 5 to 6 years outperformed the ADHD group with children aged 9 to 10 years, and this difference remained relatively stable over time, which indicated that the ADHD group followed a unique developmental pattern. The ML model was effective in discriminating the groups, achieving an area under the curve of 0.965 and an accuracy of 0.908.

Conclusions
The eye-tracking biomarkers proposed in this study effectively identified differences in various aspects of eye-movement patterns between the ADHD and TD groups. In addition, the ML model constructed using these digital biomarkers achieved high accuracy and reliability in identifying ADHD. Our system can facilitate early screening for ADHD in schools and communities and provide clinicians with objective biomarkers as a reference.
User-Oriented Requirements for Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Sepsis: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project
Authors: Raszke Pascal , Giebel Godwin Denk , Abels Carina , Wasem Jürgen , Adamzik Michael , Nowak Hartmuth , Palmowski Lars , Heinz Philipp , Mreyen Silke , Timmesfeld Nina , Tokic Marianne , Brunkhorst Frank Martin , Blase Nikola 
Published: October 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI)–based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been developed for several diseases. However, despite the potential to improve the quality of care and thereby positively impact patient-relevant outcomes, the majority of AI-based CDSS have not been adopted in standard care. Possible reasons for this include barriers in the implementation and a nonuser-oriented development approach, resulting in reduced user acceptance.

Objective
This research project has 2 objectives. First, problems and corresponding solutions that hinder or support the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS are identified. Second, the research project aims to increase user acceptance by creating a user-oriented requirement profile, using the example of sepsis.

Methods
The research project is based on a multimethod approach combining (1) a scoping review, (2) focus groups with physicians and professional caregivers, and (3) semistructured interviews with relevant stakeholders. The research modules mentioned provide the basis for the development of a (4) survey, including a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with physicians. A minimum of 6667 physicians with expertise in the clinical picture of sepsis are contacted for this purpose. The survey is followed by the development of a requirement profile for AI-based CDSS and the derivation of policy recommendations for action, which are evaluated in a (5) expert roundtable discussion.

Results
The multimethod research project started in November 2022. It provides an overview of the barriers and corresponding solutions related to the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS. Using sepsis as an example, a user-oriented requirement profile for AI-based CDSS is developed. The scoping review has been concluded and the qualitative modules have been subjected to analysis. The start of the survey, including the DCE, was at the end of July 2024.

Conclusions
The results of the research project represent the first attempt to create a comprehensive user-oriented requirement profile for the development of sepsis-specific AI-based CDSS. In addition, general recommendations are derived, in order to reduce barriers in the development and implementation of AI-based CDSS. The findings of this research project have the potential to facilitate the integration of AI-based CDSS into standard care in the long term.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/62704
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Koltunova H.B. 
Published: October 2024

The assessment of risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with infective endocarditis is important for identifying variables associated with treatment regimens, aiming to improve outcomes. Early identification of high-risk patients may contribute to better outcomes through timely medical and surgical interventions. Objective: to study the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis. Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center study was conducted, which included clinical data of 311 consecutive patients from January 1, 2019, to October 22, 2021, at the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis. Clinical and laboratory data, as well as the results of echocardiographic examinations and postoperative complications were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 13 cases (4.2 %), including 6 (1.9 %) patients with infective endocarditis who died at the preoperative stage despite medical treatment. Postoperative in-hospital mortality accounted for 7 cases (2.3 %), 298 patients (95.8 %) underwent successful surgery and were discharged under the supervision of a cardiologist in their locality. A univariate analysis of preoperative clinical and laboratory characteristics revealed the following risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis at the preoperative stage: fever (p = 0.021), mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (р < 0.001), heart failure (р < 0.001). Similarly, a univariate analysis of intraoperative and postoperative clinical and laboratory characteristics revealed risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis at the postoperative stage to be aortic cross-clamping time (p = 0.010), duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.006), ultrafiltration volume (p < 0.001) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level (p = 0.017). Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with infective endocarditis included fever, heart failure, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and duration of cardiac surgery. These findings underscore the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of infective endocarditis.