bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Державне регулювання в контексті зовнішніх впливів: економічні аспекти розвитку країни
Authors: Chervyakova Olga 
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано фактори зовнішніх впливів на економічні аспекти розвитку країни, серед яких, зокрема: перехід від індустріального до постіндустріального (інформаційного) суспільства, в якому базовим ресурсом є інформація; суттєве збільшення кількості країн, які застосовують ринкову модель економіки; посилення глобалізаційних та інтернаціоналізаційних процесів в економіці; втрата державою контролю за внутрішніми процесами в економіці; збільшення кількості інституцій, здатних впливати на регулювання економіки; збільшення розмірів і масштабів впливу інтеграційних міждержавних об’єднань, що призводить до деформації територіальних та/або економічних меж окремих країн; розширення переліку суб’єктів міжнародних економічних відносин, здатних впливати на державну політику щодо регулювання національної економіки; суттєве обмеження монополії держави на реалізацію регуляторної функції; взаємозв’язки держави та недержавних інституцій глобального масштабу.
Встановлено, що фактори зовнішнього впливу на державне регулювання економіки мають як позитивні, так і негативні наслідки. Одним з найбільш суттєвих негативних наслідків є загострення проблем в сфері державних фінансів. В останні десятиріччя чітко простежується тенденція до розбалансованості національних бюджетів, причому це стосується, як країн, економіка яких лише переходить до ринкової, так і високорозвинених країн. В результаті виявляється зростання державного боргу та часткова втрата суверенітету щодо здійснення державного регулювання національної економіки, адже кредитори отримують додаткові важелі впливу на внутрішньоекономічні процеси всередині країни.
В статті запропоновано науково-обґрунтовані підходи щодо державного регулювання економічною сферою, які дають можливість інтегруватись у сучасних світовий простір без додаткових ризиків.
До обґрунтування синергетичного державного управління (на прикладі ринку праці)
Authors: Sierikov A. V. 
Published: September 2019

В роботі на прикладі ринку праці обґрунтовується побудова синергетичного державного управління, детермінантою якого є поняття «стійкості по передбачуваності». Проаналізовано конкретну ситуацію, в якій стан регіональної економіки визначається виключно дефіцитом фахово підготовлених працівників на регіональному ринку праці. Досліджено динаміку співвідношення «попит / пропозиція» на цьому ринку праці за умов його розбалансованості. Останню можна подолати, якщо регіональна влада скористується можливостями, що виникають із появою в регіоні внутрішньо переміщених осіб (мігрантів). Дослідження динаміки системи «попит / пропозиція + управління», в якій управління вибудовується за всіма принципами синергетичної теорії управління, що ґрунтується на принципі спрямованої самоорганізації нелінійних систем, доводить доцільність такого управління, що відповідає умові стійкості по передбачуваності. В якості «параметру порядку», що забезпечує означену умову, може виступати мотиваційна політика влади як в бік роботодавців, так і в бік працівників-мігрантів. Перші мають можливості скористатися податковими пільгами, а другі – спектром соціально-економічних заохочень.
فعالية استخدام الموضوعات المستوعبة للثقافة المحلية ودمجها مع الثقافة العربية داخل نصوص القراءة باللغة العربية في ترقية مهارة فهم المقروء لدى طالبات اللغة العربية بمعهد البستان للبنات سمبر فافان فمكاسان مادور
Authors: Sdawi Manasiq Gufron Zainal Abidin 
Published: September 2019

قام الباحث بملاحظة المشكلة أثناء تدريسه بالمدرسة الثانوية الدينية التابعة لمعهد البستان السلفي للبنات بسمبر فافان فامكاسان مادورا، وتكمن هذه المشكلة في صعوبة فهم قراءة النصوص التي لا تحمل موضوعات الثقافة المحلية الفمكاسانية المادوراوية، فيرى الباحث أن تعليم اللغة الحديثة وتعريفها في حاجة ماسة على هذه الموضوعات، فحاول الباحث أن يصمم نصوص القراءة التي تستوحي من موضوعات الثقافة المحلية مرتكزا في إعدادها على محور عملية التحليل في نصوص مادة مهارة القراء من ناحية الثقافة خاصة في الثقافة المحلية، بالإضافة إلى ذلك اكتشاف مدى فعالية استعمال نصوص الذي يحتوي على الموضوعات الفمكسانية. وكان إجراء البحث يتم على المنهج التحليلي مستعينا بذلك المنهج التجريبي منطلقا من المدخلين الكمي والكيفي، وبناء على متوسط الحساب من تفاوت نتائج الاختبار البعدي في مهارة السرعة وفهم المقروء 78.1% ، وبالتالي هذا يدل على أن استخدام موضوعات الثقافة المحلية في مادة القراءة لها فعالية في تنمية مهارة القراءة.
The First Detection of 13C17O in a Protoplanetary Disk: A Robust Tracer of Disk Gas Mass
Authors: Booth Alice S. , Walsh Catherine , Ilee John D. , Notsu Shota , Qi Chunhua , Nomura Hideko , Akiyama Eiji 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Measurements of the gas mass are necessary to determine the planet formation potential of protoplanetary disks. Observations of rare CO isotopologues are typically used to determine disk gas masses; however, if the line emission is optically thick this will result in an underestimated disk mass. With the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array we have detected the rarest stable CO isotopologue,

, in a protoplanetary disk for the first time. We compare our observations with the existing detections of

,

,

, and

in the HD 163296 disk. Radiative transfer modeling using a previously benchmarked model, and assuming interstellar isotopic abundances, significantly underestimates the integrated intensity of the

J = 3–2 line. Reconciliation between the observations and the model requires a global increase in CO gas mass by a factor of 3.5. This is a factor of 2–6 larger than previous gas mass estimates using

. We find that

emission is optically thick within the snow line, while the

emission is optically thin and is thus a robust tracer of the bulk disk CO gas mass.
Traumatic Corneal Flap Dislocation One to Six Years After LASIK in Nine Eyes With a Favorable Outcome
Authors: Landau David , Levy Jaime , Solomon Avraham , Lifshitz Tova , Orucov Fiek , Strassman Eyal , Frucht-Pery Josef 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report our experience treating eye trauma after LASIK refractive surgery.
METHODS: Nine eyes of eight patients (one woman and seven men) were treated for ocular trauma: blunt trauma (n=5), sharp instrument trauma (n=2,) and trauma from inflation of automobile air bags during a traffic accident (n=2). The time from LASIK varied between 3 months and 6 years. All patients were hospitalized as a result of severe decrease in visual acuity and pain.
RESULTS: Seven of nine LASIK flaps had some degree of dislocation and were lifted, irrigated, and repositioned. Two flaps were edematous without dislocation. Intensive topical steroids and antibiotics were used in all patients up to 3 weeks after trauma. Three months after trauma, five eyes regained their pre-trauma visual acuity (between 20/20 and 20/40), and three eyes lost one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Trauma occurring several months or years after LASIK may cause flap injury. Adequate and prompt treatment usually is successful. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:884-889.]
A Shack-Hartmann-Based Autorefractor
Authors: Beverage Jacob L , Schwiegerling Jim 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Autorefractors are typically based on either the optometer or the Scheiner principles, or a combination of the two techniques. These devices have dominated the market for objective assessment of refractive error for >30 years. The purpose of this investigation is to test a Shack-Hartmann-based system as an alternative to these systems.
METHODS: Fourteen subjects with varying levels of refractive error were measured with a Topcon autorefractor and a Shack-Hartmann-based autorefractor. Fourier transform techniques were used to extract sphere, cylinder, and axis information from the Shack-Hartmann images, avoiding the need for image processing. The deviation of the refractive error from a subjective refraction was used as a means of comparing the two devices.
RESULTS: The two devices performed similarly on this group of subjects. The mean difference in refraction between the two devices was nearly zero, suggesting that the likelihood and magnitude of errors for the two devices are equivalent.
CONCLUSIONS: The Shack-Hartmann-based autorefractor shows promise as an alternative to conventional optometer or Scheiner-based technologies. However, issues with extending the myopic range of the device still need to be resolved. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:932-937.]
Comparison of Measurement of Pupil Sizes Among the Colvard Pupillometer, Procyon Pupillometer, and NIDEK OPD-Scan
Authors: McDonnell Claire , Rolincova Martina , Venter Jan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare pupil sizes measured with the Colvard pupillometer, Procyon pupillometer, and NIDEK OPD-Scan.
METHODS: Pupil diameter was measured in 90 consecutive eyes from 55 patients under mesopic and scotopic light conditions with all three instruments.
RESULTS: The mean scotopic pupil diameter was 6.3±0.98 mm with the Colvard pupillometer and 6.45±1.01 mm with the Procyon pupillometer. The mean mesopic pupillometer was 5.58±1.01 mm with the Procyon pupillometer and 6.26±0.99 mm with the NIDEK OPD-Scan.
CONCLUSIONS: The mesopic pupil diameter measured with the NIDEK OPD-Scan is more consistent with the scotopic pupil diameter measured with the Procyon and Colvard pupillometers than the mesopic pupil diameter measured with the Procyon pupillometer. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1027-S1030.]
Clinical Use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Through Focusing in Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Ying Li , Xiao Zhang , Liuxueying Zhong , Yumei Jin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To illustrate the use of in vivo confocal microscopy through focusing to observe normal cornea and corneal wound healing after excimer laser refractive surgery.
METHODS: A total of 197 eyes, including both unoperated eyes and eyes that had undergone LASIK, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), or laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), were examined using in vivo confocal microscopy through focusing. Images of the various corneal layers resolved by confocal microscopy through focusing were recorded and analyzed. Pachymetry of the cornea, epithelium, and stroma was also recorded for all eyes. The t test was used to evaluate the differences between unoperated eyes and postoperative eyes and the change in corneal pachymetry preoperatively to postoperatively with each type of surgery. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Each layer of the cornea could be resolved in unoperated eyes and eyes that had undergone refractive surgery. Wound healing could be followed over time using confocal microscopy through focusing. In eyes that underwent PRK, at 1 month postoperatively, the entire cornea and stroma were thinner than preoperatively, whereas the epithelial layer was statistically significantly thicker (P<.05). Haze after PRK is seen as reflectivity of subepithelial anterior stroma. No clinically significant haze was observed in eyes that underwent LASEK or LASIK. The features of the eyes that underwent LASIK were the same as those of unoperated eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy through focusing was useful in documenting cellular morphology in unoperated corneas and corneas that had undergone refractive surgery. Wound-healing characteristics of eyes that had undergone refractive surgery were also documented using confocal microscopy. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22: S1041-S1046.]
Corneal Astigmatism, High Order Aberrations, and Optical Quality After Cataract Surgery: Microincision Versus Small Incision
Authors: Yao Ke , Tang Xiajing , Ye Panpan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the astigmatism, high order aberrations, and optical quality of the cornea after microincision (~1.7 mm) versus small incision (~3.2 mm) cataract surgery at Eye Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical study included microincision cataract surgery and small incision cataract surgery performed on 60 eyes. Corneal astigmatism and higher order aberrations to the sixth order were measured using the NIDEK OPD-Scan aberrometer/topographer 1 month after surgery. To evaluate the optical quality of the cornea, the 0.5 modulation transfer function (MTF) value and 0.1 MTF value within a 5-mm pupil were calculated using OPD-Station software. Statistical analysis assessing the difference between groups was carried out using the independent t test.
RESULTS: The mean corneal astigmatism was significantly lower after microincision cataract surgery compared with small incision cataract surgery (0.78±0.38 diopters [D] vs 1.29±0.68 D, respectively; P=001). No significant differences were found between the two groups for the root-mean-square value of total high order aberrations or individual high order aberrations for spherical aberration, coma, and trefoil. However, eyes that underwent microincision cataract surgery showed statistically significantly better optical performance with a 0.5 MTF value than eyes that underwent small incision cataract surgery (3.13±0.30 cycles per degree [cpd] vs 2.75±0.63 cpd, respectively; P=.005). The 0.1 MTF values for the two groups were 9.37 ±3.72 cpd for micro incision cataract surgery and 7.24 ±3.43 cpd for small incision cataract surgery, which was not significantly different (P=.136).
CONCLUSIONS: Microincision cataract surgery generates statistically significantly less corneal astigmatism and better optical quality of the cornea by MTF evaluation compared with small incision cataract surgery. However, microincision cataract surgery shows no significant advantage in reducing corneal high order aberrations over small incision cataract surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1079-S1082.]
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of New Mexico
Authors: Avalos Antonio , Alley R. Sean , Ganderton Philip T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article contributes to the Journal of Forensic Economics series on economic damages assessment in individual states by presenting the framework for calculating economic damages in personal injury and wrongful death actions in the State of New Mexico. Topics covered include a review of the New Mexico state court system, procedural rules regarding expert testimony and related discovery, wrongful death and personal injury relevant economic damages calculations, and testimony regarding value of life damages. Other topics relevant to the practicing forensic economist are also discussed.
Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations
Authors: Greco Mattia , Jonkers Lukas , Kretschmer Kerstin , Bijma Jelle , Kucera Michal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is the dominant planktonic foraminifera species in the polar
regions. In the northern high-latitude ocean, it makes up more than 90 %
of the total assemblages, making it the dominant pelagic calcifier and
carrier of paleoceanographic proxies. To assess the reaction of this species
to a future shaped by climate change and to be able to interpret the
paleoecological signal contained in its shells, its depth habitat must be
known. Previous work showed that N. pachyderma in the northern polar regions has a highly
variable depth habitat, ranging from the surface mixed layer to several
hundreds of metres below the surface, and the origin of this variability
remained unclear. In order to investigate the factors controlling the depth
habitat of N. pachyderma, we compiled new and existing population density profiles from
104 stratified plankton tow hauls collected in the Arctic and the North
Atlantic oceans during 14 oceanographic expeditions. For each vertical
profile, the depth habitat (DH) was calculated as the abundance-weighted
mean depth of occurrence. We then tested to what degree environmental
factors (mixed-layer depth, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity,
chlorophyll a concentration, and sea ice concentration) and ecological
factors (synchronized reproduction and daily vertical migration) can predict
the observed DH variability and compared the observed DH behaviour with
simulations by a numerical model predicting planktonic foraminifera
distribution. Our data show that the DH of N. pachyderma varies between 25 and 280 m
(average ∼100 m). In contrast with the model simulations,
which indicate that DH is associated with the depth of chlorophyll maximum,
our analysis indicates that the presence of sea ice together with the
concentration of chlorophyll a at the surface have the strongest influence
on the vertical habitat of this species. N. pachyderma occurs deeper when sea ice and
chlorophyll concentrations are low, suggesting a time-transgressive response
to the evolution of (near) surface conditions during the annual cycle. Since
only surface parameters appear to affect the vertical habitat of N. pachyderma, light or
light-dependant processes might influence the ecology of this species. Our
results can be used to improve predictions of the response of the species to
climate change and thus to refine paleoclimatic reconstructions.
Insights into architecture, growth dynamics, and biomineralization from pulsed Sr-labelled Katelysia rhytiphora shells (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
Authors: Otter Laura M. , Agbaje Oluwatoosin B. A. , Kilburn Matt R. , Lenz Christoph , Henry Hadrien , Trimby Patrick , Hoppe Peter , Jacob Dorrit E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The intertidal bivalve Katelysia rhytiphora, endemic to south Australia and Tasmania,
is used here for pulsed Sr-labelling experiments in aquaculture experiments
to visualize shell growth at the micro- to nanoscale. The ventral margin
area of the outer shell layer composed of (i) an outermost outer shell layer
(oOSL) with compound composite prismatic architecture with three
hierarchical orders of prisms and (ii) an innermost outer shell layer (iOSL)
with crossed-acicular architecture consisting of intersecting lamellae
bundles. All structural orders in both layers are enveloped by an organic
sheath and the smallest mineralized units are nano-granules. Electron
backscatter diffraction reveals a strong preferred orientation of the
aragonite c axes perpendicular to the growth layers, while the a and b axes
are scattered within a plane normal to the local growth direction and
>46 % twin grain boundaries are detected. The Young's modulus
shows a girdle-like maximum of elastically stiffer orientations for the
shell following the inner shell surface. For 6 d, the bivalves were subjected twice to seawater with an increased
Sr concentration of 18× mean ocean water by dissolving 144 µg g−1 Sr (159.88 Sr∕Ca mmol ∕ mol) in seawater. The pulse
labelling intervals in the shell are 17× (oOSL) and 12× (iOSL) enriched in
Sr relative to the Sr-spiked seawater. All architectural units in the shell
are transected by the Sr label, demonstrating shell growth to progress
homogeneously instead of forming one individual architectural unit after the
other. Distribution coefficients, DSr ∕ Ca, for labelled and unlabelled shells are similar to shell
proportions formed in the wild (0.12 to 0.15). All DSr ∕ Ca values are lower than
values for equilibrium partitioning of Sr in synthetic aragonite.
Headspace GC/MS Analysis of Residual Solvents in Dietary Supplements, Cosmetics, and Household Products Using Ethyl Lactate as a Dissolution Medium
Authors: Sugaya Naeko , Takahashi Mitsuko , Sakurai Katsumi , Tahara Maiko , Kawakami Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The static headspace technique is one of the most popular techniques for residual solvent analysis and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are widely use as the dissolution media. Objective: This study aims to establish ethyl lactate (EL), a solvent with low toxicity and less environmental impact, as an alternative dissolution medium to DMSO and DMF for the static headspace analysis of toxic residual solvents in food, cosmetics, and similar complex organic matrices. Methods: Samples (a sample of dietary supplement and two samples each of cosmetics and household products) spiked with benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were dissolved in EL, DMSO, and DMF. Static headspace GC/MS and the standard addition method were used to detect and quantify the residual solvents. Results: The dissolution and dispersion of these samples, especially the ones which were water-insoluble, were better than those in DMSO and DMF. The recoveries, except that of benzene in an aerosol spray, in EL ranged from 77 to 110%. The relative SDs in EL ranged from 2.5 to 11% and were better or equivalent to those in DMSO and DMF. Conclusions: EL was suitable as the dissolution medium for such samples, which may contain large amounts of organic solvents or various ingredients, in static headspace GC/MS analysis of residual solvents.
Small-angle scattering tomography of precipitation-hardened multilayer Al/Al-Zn/Al model alloys
Authors: Okuda Hiroshi , Lin Shan , Nishikawa Yukihiro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Tomographic images constructed from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensities utilizing microbeams have been examined for a model multilayered aluminum alloy sample heat-treated to form spatially modulated composition and microstructures. Spatial distributions of composition and precipitation microstructure have been examined by one-dimensional scanning SAXS measurements and two-dimensional tomographic images of attenuation parameters and integrated intensity of SAXS intensity. Reconstructed images using the integrated intensity reflected the distribution of precipitates in terms of their volume fraction over the sample inside the sample, and agreed with more detailed analysis made in the one-dimensional case.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: an in vitro study
Authors: Paramanantham Parasuraman , Siddhardha Busi , Lal SB Sruthil , Sharan Alok , Alyousef Abdullah A. , Al Dosary Mohammed Saeed , Arshad Mohammed , Syed Asad 
Published: September 2019

Background
Rise in the number of healthcare associated or hospital acquired infections is a major problem affecting the global healthcare sector. We evaluated superior antibacterial and antibiofilm photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using malachite green encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MG-MSN) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are known to be major causative agents of nosocomial infections.

Methods
Malachite green (MG) was encapsulated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic analysis were performed to characterize the MG-MSN. The antimicrobial efficacies of MSN, MG, and MG-MSN were investigated and the results were recorded.

Results
MG-MSN was effective against both the tested bacteria. S. aureus was more phototoxic to MG-MSN compared to E. coli. The antibiofilm efficacy of MG-MSN on E. coli and S. aureus was also studied. Biofilm inhibition was 65.68 ± 2.62% in E. coli and 79.66 ± 3.82% in S. aureus. Cell viability assay, exopolysaccharides quantification, and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies also revealed the enhanced antibiofilm activity of MG-MSN when used as a potential photosensitizer for aPDT. This study can be extended to eradicate these strains from localized superficial infections and medical appliances, preventing nosocomial infections.