bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Release of a Chemical Fuel for Acid–Base‐Operated Molecular Machines
Authors: Biagini Chiara , Di Pietri Flaminia , Mandolini Luigi , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBack and forth motions of the acid–base‐operated molecular switch 1 are photo‐controlled by irradiation of a solution, which also contains the photolabile pre‐fuel 4. The photo‐stimulated deprotection of the pre‐fuel produces controlled amounts of acid 2, the base‐promoted decarboxylation of which fuels the back and forth motions of the Sauvage‐type [2]‐catenane‐based molecular switch. Because switch 1 and pre‐fuel 4 do not interact in the absence of irradiation, an excess of the latter with respect to 1 can be added to the solution from the beginning. In principle, photocontrol of the back and forth motions of any molecular machine, the operation of which is guided by protonation/deprotonation, could be attained by use of pre‐fuel 4, or of any other protected acid that undergoes deprotection by irradiation with light at a proper wavelength, followed by decarboxylation under conveniently mild conditions.
A Cuprous/Lanthanide‐Organic Framework as the Luminescent Sensor of Hypochlorite
Authors: Xu Hang , Cao Chun‐Shuai , Xue Jin‐Ze , Xu Yang , Zhai Bin , Zhao Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new 3D framework {[Eu2Cu(IN)5(CO3)(H2O)] ⋅3 H2O}n (1) was obtained and structurally characterized, containing CuI and an unusual lanthanide duplex chain. The luminescent explorations of compound 1 suggest that 1 could emit the characteristic emission of CuI, and 1 can act as the luminescent sensor of ClO− with the detection limit of 10−5 m. Notably, 1 represents the first example of MOF‐based sensor for detecting ClO−.
More frequent use of health care services among distressed compared with nondistressed survivors of lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Results from the population‐based PROFILES registry
Authors: Arts Lindy P. J. , Oerlemans Simone , Tick Lidwine , Koster Ad , Roerdink Henk T. J. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDFollow‐up care for a growing population of survivors of lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) together with the adverse effects these survivors may experience as a result of their cancer and treatment have led to more pressure being placed on health care services. The objectives of the current study were to: 1) compare the use of medical care services by survivors with that of a normative population; 2) evaluate the use of medical and psychosocial care services among distressed and nondistressed survivors; and 3) identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors.METHODSSurvivors of lymphoma and CLL diagnosed between 1999 and 2012 were selected via the population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire and questions regarding health care. Outcomes were compared with an age‐matched and sex‐matched normative population.RESULTSA total of 1444 survivors responded (69%). Survivors of lymphoma and CLL contacted their general practitioner (3.8 vs 2.3; P<.001) and medical specialist (5.7 vs 1.6; P<.001) more often within the last year compared with a normative population. In addition, psychologically distressed survivors had even more medical contacts and received psychosocial care more often compared with nondistressed survivors. In addition to psychological distress, comorbidity, female sex, and older age were found to be associated with a greater use of medical services, whereas younger age was associated with receiving psychosocial care.CONCLUSIONSSurvivors of lymphoma and CLL, especially those who are psychologically distressed, report an increased use of health care services compared with a normative population. Further studies are needed to explore whether the use of widely applicable psychosocial interventions could reduce the frequency of medical contacts. Cancer 2018;124:3016‐24. © 2018 Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Highly Stable Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Modified with Polyethylenimine via Ionic Bonding
Authors: Wei Jianwu , Huang Furong , Wang Sangni , Zhou Liya , Jin Peng , Xin Youling , Cai Zhuo , Yin Zuodong , Pang Qi , Zhang Jin Zhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites are highly promising materials for photovoltaic applications, yet their rapid degradation remains a significant challenge. Here, three highly stable methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films modified with polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different molecular weights (Mw=600, Mw=10000 and Mw=70000) were successfully obtained. The PEIs were used as an additive in the perovskite to determine their influences on the structure, film quality, and performance of the perovskite. The perovskite films modified with PEIs showed excellent stability, when studied over 20 days under ambient air conditions with a medial humidity of 60%. The results of XRD, UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence lifetime measurements showed that the PEI could not substitute for MA within the perovskite crystal lattice. The solar power conversion efficiency (PCE) η of the pristine perovskite film and those modified with PEI (Mw=600), PEI (Mw=10000) and PEI (Mw=70000) were 9.69%, 6.84%, 6.43% and 6.94%, respectively. Even though the PCE is lower for the PEI‐modified solar cells, their stability is substantially improved. The improved stability is attributed to PEI‐H+ cations in the grain boundary of the perovskites, preventing them from direct contact with water molecules that otherwise cause fast degradation. This demonstrates that PEI modification is a simple and powerful strategy for stabilizing perovskite films.
Tetrahedral Tetrakis(p‐ethynylphenyl) Group IV Compounds in Microporous Polymers: Effect of Tetrel on Porosity
Authors: Uptmoor Andrea C. , Geyer Florian L. , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree Sonogashira–Hagihara polymerization protocols were applied for the synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) by using group IV tetra(p‐ethynylphenyl) monomers with 1,4‐diiodobenzene or 1,4‐dibromobenzene. The optical properties and surface areas of the CMPs were compared and related to the preparation conditions and the geometry of the tetrahedral building block as obtained after X‐ray analysis. In each series, surface areas decreased—independently from the chosen parameters of catalyst, base, and solvent—from carbon‐centered CMPs (1595 m2 g−1) to silicon‐, germanium‐, and tin‐centered (649 m2 g−1) networks.
A Brief Guide to Studying Fear in Developing Rodents: Important Considerations and Common Pitfalls
Authors: Cowan Caitlin S.M. , Richardson Rick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDevelopment is a time of rapid change that sets the pathway to adult functioning across all aspects of physical and mental health. Developmental studies can therefore offer insight into the unique needs of individuals at different stages of normal development as well as the etiology of various disease states. The aim of this overview is to provide an introduction to the practical implementation of developmental studies in rats and mice, with an emphasis on the study of learned fear. We first discuss how developmental factors may influence experimental outcomes for any study. This is followed by a discussion of methodological issues to consider when conducting studies of developing rodents, highlighting examples from the literature on learned fear. Throughout, we offer some recommendations to guide researchers on best practice in developmental studies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clarity and Immunofluorescence on Mouse Brain Tissue
Authors: Yu Tingting , Zhu Dan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTissue optical clearing techniques have provided essential tools for visualization of neural networks in unsectioned brain tissue. Here, we describe a passive optical clearing method based on hydrogel embedding, PACT (passive clarity technique), which is relatively simple. Advantages of PACT include tissue transparency, fluorescence preservation, and immunostaining compatibility for obtaining three‐dimensional structures of mouse brain tissue. Additionally, it can enhance the penetration of antibodies in immunostaining and allows efficient immunolabeling of large volumes. After clearing with PACT, one can achieve high‐resolution imaging in deep tissue at the millimeter‐scale level with optical imaging microscopy. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CRISPR/Cas9‐based Targeted Genome Editing for the Development of Monogenic Diseases Models with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Gupta Navin , Susa Koichiro , Yoda Yoko , Bonventre Joseph V. , Valerius M. Todd , Morizane Ryuji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a formidable tool for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine using human cells and tissues in vitro. Evolving techniques of targeted genome editing, specifically the CRISPR/Cas9 system, allow for the generation of cell lines bearing gene‐specific knock‐outs, knock‐in reporters, and precise mutations. However, there are increasing concerns related to the transfection efficiency, cell viability, and maintenance of pluripotency provided by genome‐editing techniques. The procedure presented here employs transient antibiotic selection that overcomes reduced transfection efficiency, avoids cytotoxic flow sorting for increased viability, and generates multiple genome‐edited pluripotent hPSC lines expanded from a single parent cell. Avoidance of xenogeneic contamination from feeder cells and reduced operator workload, owing to single‐cell passaging rather than clump passaging, are additional benefits. The outlined methods may enable researchers with limited means and technical experience to create human stem cell lines containing desired gene‐specific mutations. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stem Cell–Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Layer Model from Adult Human Globes Donated for Corneal Transplants
Authors: Fernandes Marie , McArdle Brian , Schiff Lauren , Blenkinsop Timothy A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn adult human retinal pigment epithelial layer (ahRPE) model derived from stem cells isolated from native RPE monolayers (ahRPE‐SCs) exhibits key physiological characteristics of native tissue and therefore provides the means to create a human “disease in a dish” model to study RPE diseases. Traditionally, RPE lines are established from whole globes dedicated to research. Here we describe a new technique for establishing primary RPE lines from the posterior poles of globes used for corneal transplants. Since tissues from corneal transplants are derived from younger and healthier donors than those used for research, we have hypothesized that RPE cells isolated from corneal transplantation globes will result in improved primary RPE line establishment. Our new procedure increases the rate of establishing successful RPE cultures and improves the total cell number yield. Use of this advanced methodology can provide a new source of high‐quality primary RPE line cultures. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Occupational health and safety disclosures in sustainability reports: An overview of trends among corporate leaders
Authors: Evangelinos Konstantinos , Fotiadis Stefanos , Skouloudis Antonis , Khan Nadeem , Konstandakopoulou Foteini , Nikolaou Ioannis , Lundy Shaun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the comprehensiveness of voluntary occupational health and safety (OHS) disclosures of large business entities. We devise a composite disclosure index, relying on well‐established performance indicators, and focus on the information found in the sustainability reports of corporations pertaining to the oil and gas, chemical, airline, and construction industries, in an attempt to shed light on the current status and emerging trends in OHS reporting from a diverse group of business entities. The findings indicate that companies tend to place emphasis on their overall management approach to OHS, but fall short in reporting quantitative and qualitative information beyond the ‘conventional’ metrics of occupational injury rates. OHS issues within the supply chain and relevant monitoring systems/mechanisms in place are topics that are underreported, while OHS training programmes are an aspect that is inadequately analyzed in quantitative terms, being the least reported indicator in the sample reports. In contrast, companies from all four industries seek assurance for the OHS information that they report and place emphasis on the externally developed management standards/initiatives that they subscribe to, support, or have adopted.
Severe fire weather and intensive forest management increase fire severity in a multi‐ownership landscape
Authors: Zald Harold S. J. , Dunn Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany studies have examined how fuels, topography, climate, and fire weather influence fire severity. Less is known about how different forest management practices influence fire severity in multi‐owner landscapes, despite costly and controversial suppression of wildfires that do not acknowledge ownership boundaries. In 2013, the Douglas Complex burned over 19,000 ha of Oregon & California Railroad (O&C) lands in Southwestern Oregon,USA. O&C lands are composed of a checkerboard of private industrial and federal forestland (Bureau of Land Management,BLM) with contrasting management objectives, providing a unique experimental landscape to understand how different management practices influence wildfire severity. Leveraging Landsat based estimates of fire severity (Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio, RdNBR) and geospatial data on fire progression, weather, topography, pre‐fire forest conditions, and land ownership, we asked (1) what is the relative importance of different variables driving fire severity, and (2) is intensive plantation forestry associated with higher fire severity? Using Random Forest ensemble machine learning, we found daily fire weather was the most important predictor of fire severity, followed by stand age and ownership, followed by topographic features. Estimates of pre‐fire forest biomass were not an important predictor of fire severity. Adjusting for all other predictor variables in a general least squares model incorporating spatial autocorrelation, mean predicted RdNBRwas higher on private industrial forests (RdNBR521.85 ± 18.67 [mean ±SE]) vs.BLMforests (398.87 ± 18.23) with a much greater proportion of older forests. Our findings suggest intensive plantation forestry characterized by young forests and spatially homogenized fuels, rather than pre‐fire biomass, were significant drivers of wildfire severity. This has implications for perceptions of wildfire risk, shared fire management responsibilities, and developing fire resilience for multiple objectives in multi‐owner landscapes.
Tree leaf trade‐offs are stronger for sub‐canopy trees: leaf traits reveal little about growth rates in canopy trees
Authors: Wills Jarrah , Herbohn John , Hu Jing , Sohel Shawkat , Baynes Jack , Firn Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCan morphological plant functional traits predict demographic rates (e.g., growth) within plant communities as diverse as tropical forests? This is one of the most important next‐step questions in trait‐based ecology and particularly for global reforestation efforts. Due to the diversity of tropical tree species and their longevity, it is difficult to predict their performance prior to reforestation efforts. In this study, we investigate if simple leaf traits are predictors of the more complex ecological process of plant growth in regenerating selectively logged natural forest within the Wet Tropics (WTs) bioregion of Australia. This study used a rich historical data set to quantify tree growth within plots located at Danbulla National Park and State Forest on the Atherton Tableland. Leaf traits were collected from trees that have exhibited fast or slow growth over the last ~50 yr of measurement. Leaf traits were found to be poor predictors of tree growth for trees that have entered the canopy; however, for sub‐canopy trees, leaf traits had a stronger association with growth rates. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were the strongest predictor of Periodic Annual Increment (PAI) for trees growing within the sub‐canopy, with trees with higher leaf phosphorus levels showing a higher PAI. Sub‐canopy tree leaves also exhibited stronger trade‐offs between leaf traits and adhere to theoretical predictions more so than for canopy trees. We suggest that, in order for leaf traits to be more applicable to reforestation, size dependence of traits and growth relationships need to be more carefully considered, particularly when reforestation practitioners assign mean trait values to tropical tree species from multiple canopy strata.
Microwave‐Accelerated Z‐Isomerization of (all‐E)‐Lycopene in Tomato Oleoresin and Enhancement of the Conversion by Vegetable Oils Containing Disulfide Compounds
Authors: Honda Masaki , Sato Haruka , Takehara Munenori , Inoue Yoshinori , Kitamura Chitoshi , Takemura Ryota , Fukaya Tetsuya , Wahyudiono  , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu 
Published: April 2018

The effect of microwave irradiation on Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene contained in tomato oleoresin is investigated, and the Z‐isomerization efficiency is compared to that of the conventional oil‐bath heating method. With a 4‐min microwave treatment at 2450 MHz frequency and 500 W power, the total Z‐isomer content of lycopene increased to approximately 70%, almost without decomposition, and the efficiency, at the same temperature, is higher than that with conventional heating. In both treatments, the (9Z)‐ and (13Z)‐isomers are mainly formed. Moreover, the effect of addition of vegetable oils to the oleoresin on the Z‐isomerization by microwave irradiation is examined. When roasted seed oils and garlic oil are added, the production of (5Z)‐lycopene, an isomer having higher functionality and storage stability among the Z‐isomers, is significantly increased. This work reveals that the promoting effect is probably caused by the presence of disulfide compounds existing commonly in the above oils: Thiyl radicals, produced from disulfide compounds by microwave irradiation, would act as a catalyst for the Z‐isomerization reaction.Practical Applications: Z‐Isomers of lycopene, which are the predominant forms in the human body, have higher bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than the all‐E‐isomer, which is the major configuration form in raw tomatoes. Thus, appropriate methods are required to achieve the efficient Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene. This study has developed an efficient production method for lycopene Z‐isomers by microwave irradiation of (all‐E)‐lycopene in edible vegetable oils containing disulfide compounds, in which neither organic solvents nor food additives are used. It would be practically feasible to utilize this procedure not only for food, drink, and dietary supplement manufacturing, but also for daily cooking.(all‐E)‐Lycopene in tomato oleoresin is efficiently isomerized to the Z‐isomers by microwave irradiation and the Z‐isomerization is accelerated by adding vegetable oils containing disulfide compounds.
Stabilizing Particles of Manganese‐Iron Oxide with Additives for Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Preisner N. C. , Block T. , Linder M. , Leion H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractManganese‐iron oxide particles are a promising candidate for both chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) and thermochemical energy storage. In CLC, the ability of metal oxides to oxidize fuels in an oxygen‐free atmosphere and re‐oxidize in air is addressed. Whereas, reaction enthalpy is the main focus of thermochemical energy storage for, e. g. concentrated solar power or an industrial process that requires high temperature levels. Sufficient mechanical strength of the particles while they endure chemical, thermal, or mechanical stress is a crucial factor for both concepts. Particle stability is investigated here by adding 20 wt.% of TiO2, ZrO2, or CeO2 as a supportive material to (Mn0.7Fe0.3)2O3. Thermal cyclization and temperature shock tests are conducted in a packed bed reactor to identify chemical stability as well as the effect of chemical and thermal stress. A subsequent particle size distribution analysis is performed to determine the relevant breakage mechanism. Attrition resistance is tested with a customized attrition jet cup to estimate the mechanical strength of particles. It is found that the high tendency of unsupported manganese‐iron oxide particles towards agglomeration can be improved with any of the chosen additives. The particles with CeO2, and especially with ZrO2, as an additive indicate an increase in resistance towards attrition. However, adding TiO2 has a severe negative impact on the chemical reactivity of the manganese‐iron oxide.
Scaling‐up biofortified beans high in iron and zinc through the school‐feeding program: A sensory acceptance study with schoolchildren from two departments in southwest Colombia
Authors: Beintema Joni J. S. , Gallego‐Castillo Sonia , Londoño‐Hernandez Luis F. , Restrepo‐Manjarres José , Talsma Elise F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIron and zinc deficiencies are global health problems, affecting mostly pregnant women and young children. In 2016, biofortified iron and zinc beans were introduced in Colombia. The incorporation of biofortified beans into the national school‐feeding program could facilitate adoption and potentially improve the nutritional status of large populations. However, biofortified beans have to be accepted in order to be consumed by populations. We therefore studied the sensory acceptability of two biofortified beans, BIO‐101 and BIO‐107, and local beans at schools with free feeding services in two departments of southwest Colombia. Measured on a five‐point Likert scale, the mean overall scores were 3.88 ± 0.64, 3.79 ± 0.74, and 3.81 ± 0.76, for BIO‐101, BIO‐107, and the local bean varieties, respectively, without significant differences. The children in Piendamó (Cauca) slightly preferred BIO‐107 over the local bean (p < .05) based on color, smell, and taste. The children in Caicedonia (Valle del Cauca) slightly favored the local bean over BIO‐107 (p < .05), regarding size, smell, and taste. Overall acceptability in schoolchildren was good for all beans without significant differences. This study advocates incorporation of accepted biofortified beans in the school‐feeding program, in order to reach large groups of schoolchildren and potentially improve their nutritional statuses.