bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La notion de fonction en traductologie européenne contemporaine – différentes conceptions
Authors: Raková Zuzana 
Published: June 2018

Résumé
La conception de « fonction » en traductologie est loin de faire unanimité. Le terme est utilisé par plusieurs chercheurs et plusieurs écoles traductologiques, sans avoir toujours la même valeur. Nous proposons d’examiner l’évolution du concept de « fonction » à travers deux grandes théories traductologiques contemporaines (théorie du skopos, théorie du polysystème), en mentionnant certaines sources épistémologiques communes à ces écoles. Parmi les sources communes, nous mentionnons le structuralisme tchécoslovaque du Cercle linguistique de Prague de l’entre-deux-guerres, dont l’apport est décisif dans l’approche descriptive et fonctionnaliste des traductologues tchécoslovaques, Jiří Levý ou Anton Popovič, dans les années soixante et soixante-dix. Du point de vue méthodologique, notre article s’inscrit dans une métathéorie de la traduction et en même temps peut être considéré comme une contribution à la genèse et l’historiographie des théories traductologiques.
Language rights in the United States island territory of Guam
Authors: Faingold Eduardo D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines the language legislation of the United States territory of Guam as stated in theOrganic Act of Guam(1950) and its legal statutes. The article seeks to offer suggestions about how the quality of this language legislation might be improved. As in a few states in the United States (i.e., Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico), Guam established linguistic laws with provisions that protect the language rights of Chamorro speakers, the native population of Guam, especially in the areas of education and language standardization. In spite of the impressive array of language laws enacted by Guam’s legislature to teach Chamorro language and culture in the schools for more than half a century, the use of English is increasing, while that of Chamorro continues to shrink in Guam, which may be due to a lack of buy-in by the indigenous Chamorro population with respect to the importance of expanding the use of this language for the purpose of maintaining a modern-day Chamorro identity.
Language as a soft power resource
Authors: Pashayeva Gulshan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The term soft power, developed by Joseph Nye, is a widely popular concept used to describe efforts to attract rather than coerce as means of persuasion. Language, which is widely viewed as a traditional (not to say extremely important) component of nationhood and a symbol of identity and group consciousness, can be used as an expression of soft power resources within this context. It is apparent that in today’s globalized world, the role of international languages as global means of communication has increased considerably. At the same time, English has become the de facto lingua franca in international trade, academia, technology and many other fields. Against this background, this article examines the impact of language as a soft power resource in the case of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which is a multi-ethnic state located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Due to its geographic location, the constant migrations of people who have passed through its territory throughout the centuries, and it has long been a zone of active interaction of languages, cultures and civilizations.
Neither Pistols nor Sugar-Plumbs: The Rhetoric of Finance and the 1720 Bubbles
Authors: Herring William Rodney 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The first two decades of the eighteenth century saw the rapid growth of financial markets in Paris and London, growth due in large part to the appeal of newly available financial instruments. This essay examines that appeal in rhetorical terms and argues for the importance of conceiving finance rhetorically.
A descriptive marker gene approach to single-cell pseudotime inference
Authors: Campbell Kieran R , Yau Christopher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivationPseudotime estimation from single-cell gene expression data allows the recovery of temporal information from otherwise static profiles of individual cells. Conventional pseudotime inference methods emphasize an unsupervised transcriptome-wide approach and use retrospective analysis to evaluate the behaviour of individual genes. However, the resulting trajectories can only be understood in terms of abstract geometric structures and not in terms of interpretable models of gene behaviour.ResultsHere we introduce an orthogonal Bayesian approach termed ‘Ouija’ that learns pseudotimes from a small set of marker genes that might ordinarily be used to retrospectively confirm the accuracy of unsupervised pseudotime algorithms. Crucially, we model these genes in terms of switch-like or transient behaviour along the trajectory, allowing us to understand why the pseudotimes have been inferred and learn informative parameters about the behaviour of each gene. Since each gene is associated with a switch or peak time the genes are effectively ordered along with the cells, allowing each part of the trajectory to be understood in terms of the behaviour of certain genes. We demonstrate that this small panel of marker genes can recover pseudotimes that are consistent with those obtained using the entire transcriptome. Furthermore, we show that our method can detect differences in the regulation timings between two genes and identify ‘metastable’ states—discrete cell types along the continuous trajectories—that recapitulate known cell types.Availability and implementationAn open source implementation is available as an R package at http://www.github.com/kieranrcampbell/ouija and as a Python/TensorFlow package at http://www.github.com/kieranrcampbell/ouijaflow.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A heuristic model of socially learned migration behaviour exhibits distinctive spatial and reproductive dynamics
Authors: MacCall Alec D , Francis Tessa B , Punt André E , Siple Margaret C , Armitage Derek R , Cleary Jaclyn S , Dressel Sherri C , Jones R Russ , Kitka Harvey , Lee Lynn C , Levin Phillip S , McIsaac Jim , Okamoto Daniel K , Poe Melissa , Reifenstuhl Steve , Schmidt Jörn O , Shelton Andrew O , Silver Jennifer J , Thornton Thomas F , Voss Rudi , Woodruff John 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We explore a “Go With the Older Fish” (GWOF) mechanism of learned migration behaviour for exploited fish populations, where recruits learn a viable migration path by randomly joining a school of older fish. We develop a non-age-structured biomass model of spatially independent spawning sites with local density dependence, based on Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). We compare a diffusion (DIFF) strategy, where recruits adopt spawning sites near their natal site without regard to older fish, with GWOF, where recruits adopt the same spawning sites, but in proportion to the abundance of adults using those sites. In both models, older individuals return to their previous spawning site. The GWOF model leads to higher spatial variance in biomass. As total mortality increases, the DIFF strategy results in an approximately proportional decrease in biomass among spawning sites, whereas the GWOF strategy results in abandonment of less productive sites and maintenance of high biomass at more productive sites. A DIFF strategy leads to dynamics comparable to non-spatially structured populations. While the aggregate response of the GWOF strategy is distorted, non-stationary and slow to equilibrate, with a production curve that is distinctly flattened and relatively unproductive. These results indicate that fishing will disproportionately affect populations with GWOF behaviour.
Elevated lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 products predict progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Zeng Lixia , Byun Jaeman , Wernisch Stefanie , Deo Rajat , Chen Jing , Hamm Lee , Miller Edgar R , Rhee Eugene P , Fischer Michael J , Sharma Kumar , Feldman Harold I , Michailidis George , Pennathur Subramaniam ,   the CRIC Study Investigators, Appel Lawrence J , Go Alan S , He Jiang , Kusek John W , Lash James P , Rao Panduranga S , Rahman Mahboob , Townsend Raymond R 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical relevance of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is poorly understood. We aimed to compare the concentrations of 85 enzymatic pathway products of AA metabolism in patients with CKD who progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) versus patients who did not in a subcohort of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and to estimate the risk of CKD progression and major cardiovascular events by levels of AA metabolites and their link to enzymatic metabolic pathways.MethodsA total 123 patients in the CRIC study who progressed to ESKD were frequency matched with 177 nonprogressors and serum eicosanoids were quantified by mass spectrometry. We applied serum collected at patients’ Year 1 visit and outcome of progression to ESKD was ascertained over the next 10 years. We used logistic regression models for risk estimation.ResultsBaseline 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (HETE) and 20-HETE levels were significantly elevated in progressors (false discovery rate Q ≤ 0.026). The median 20-HETE level was 7.6 pmol/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 4.2–14.5] in progressors and 5.4 pmol/mL (IQR 2.8–9.4) in nonprogressors (P &lt; 0.001). In an adjusted model, only 20-HETE independently predicted CKD progression. Each 1 standard deviation increase in 20-HETE was independently associated with 1.45-fold higher odds of progression (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.95; P = 0.017). Principal components of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways were independently associated with CKD progression.ConclusionsWe found higher odds of CKD progression associated with higher 20-HETE, LOX and CYP450 metabolic pathways. These alterations precede CKD progression and may serve as targets for interventions aimed at halting progression.
Approach to Equilibrium, the H-Theorem and Irreversibility
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Like most of the greatest equations in science, the Boltzmann equation is not only beautiful but also generous. Indeed, it delivers a great deal of information without imposing a detailed knowledge of its solutions. In fact, Boltzmann himself derived most if not all of his main results without ever showing that his equation did admit rigorous solutions. This Chapter illustrates one of the most profound contributions of Boltzmann, namely the famous H-theorem, providing the first quantitative bridge between the irreversible evolution of the macroscopic world and the reversible laws of the underlying microdynamics.
Transport Phenomena
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The previous Chapter presented a discussion of the notion of local and global equilibria and shown that these equilibria represent the special forms taken by the distribution function once direct and inverse collisions come into balance. This Chapter provides an elementary introduction to transport phenomena and discusses their intimate relation to non-equilibrium processes at the microscopic scale. In particular it shall deal with the connection between the transport coefficients, such as mass, momentum and energy diffusivity with the molecular mean free path, namely the distance traveled by a representative molecules between two subsequent collisions. The discussion also highlights the fundamental role of inhomogeneity in fueling non-equilibrium processes.
Generalized Hydrodynamics Beyond Navier–Stokes
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The work of Chapman and Enskog opened a long period, lasting about three decades, in which most of the activity in kinetic theory was directed to the computation of the transport coefficients for different types of intermolecular potentials. Seeking the solution of the full Boltzmann equation itself was not much in focus, mostly on account of its daunting complexity. This situation took a sharp turn in 1949, with the publication of Harold Grad’s thesis. This Chapter presents the derivation of generalized hydrodynamics beyond the realm of the Navier-Stokes description, with special reference to Grad’s thirteen-moment formulation.
Lattice Gas-Cellular Automata
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ancestor of the Lattice Boltzmann, the Boolean formulation of hydrodynamics known as lattice Gas Cellular Automata. In 1986, Uriel Frisch, Brosl Hasslacher and Yves Pomeau sent big waves across the fluid dynamics community: a simple cellular automaton obeying nothing but conservation laws at a microscopic level was able to reproduce the complexity of real fluid flows. This discovery spurred great excitement in the fluid dynamics community. The prospects were tantalizing: around free, intrinsically parallel computational paradigm for fluid flows. However, a few serious problems were quickly recognized and addressed with great intensity in the following years.
LBE for Generalized Hydrodynamics
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents the main techniques to incorporate the effects of external and/or internal forces within the LB formalism. This is a very important task, for it permits us to access a wide body of generalized hydrodynamic applications whereby fluid motion couples to a variety of additional physical aspects, such as gravitational and electric fields, potential energy interactions, chemical reactions and many others. It should be emphasized that while hosting a broader and richer phenomenology than “plain” hydrodynamics, generalized hydrodynamics still fits the hydrodynamic picture of weak departure from suitably generalized local equilibria. This class is all but an academic curiosity; for instance, it is central to the fast-growing science of Soft Matter, a scientific discipline which has received an impressive boost in the past decades, under the drive of micro- and nanotechnological developments and major strides in biology and life sciences at large.
Lattice Boltzmann for Non-Ideal Fluids
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter deals with the extension of the LB methodology to the case of non-ideal fluids, i.e., fluids in which potential energy can no longer be neglected as compared to kinetic energy. The macroscopic consequences are major, primarily phase-transitions and attendant interface formation, which lie at the heart of the physics of multiphase and multicomponent flows, a branch of the physics of fluids with numerous applications in modern science and engineering.
MSN Students’ Self-Assessed Use of the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Scholarly Writing
Authors: Gazza Elizabeth A. , Shellenbarger Teresa , Hunker Diane F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

AIM
This study explored master of science in nursing students’ self-assessed use of the evidence-based knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) of scholarly writing.

BACKGROUND
Understanding MSN students’ self-assessed use of the KSAs of writing can help faculty better prepare MSN graduates to advance the science of nursing through scholarly writing.

METHOD
A descriptive correlational design was used to determine how a national sample of 76 MSN students assessed their ability to demonstrate the KSAs of scholarly writing and to determine associations between select demographic variables and the self-assessment results.

RESULTS
Participants were familiar with the KSAs of scholarly writing and used them with varying frequency. No associations were identified between demographic variables and the KSA self-assessment ratings.

CONCLUSION
Additional writing opportunities and inclusion of a variety of writing assignments could increase use of the KSAs and therefore facilitate the development of scholarly writing abilities needed to advance nursing.
Evaluation of Key Factors Impacting Feeding Safety in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Matus Bethany A. , Bridges Kayla M. , Logomarsino John V. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Individualized feeding care plans and safe handling of milk (human or formula) are critical in promoting growth, immune function, and neurodevelopment in the preterm infant. Feeding errors and disruptions or limitations to feeding processes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are associated with negative safety events. Feeding errors include contamination of milk and delivery of incorrect or expired milk and may result in adverse gastrointestinal illnesses.

Purpose:
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect(s) of centralized milk preparation, use of trained technicians, use of bar code-scanning software, and collaboration between registered dietitians and registered nurses on feeding safety in the NICU.

Methods/Search Strategy:
A systematic review of the literature was completed, and 12 articles were selected as relevant to search criteria. Study quality was evaluated using the Downs and Black scoring tool.

Findings/Results:
An evaluation of human studies indicated that the use of centralized milk preparation, trained technicians, bar code-scanning software, and possible registered dietitian involvement decreased feeding-associated error in the NICU.

Implications for Practice:
A state-of-the-art NICU includes a centralized milk preparation area staffed by trained technicians, care supported by bar code-scanning software, and utilization of a registered dietitian to improve patient safety. These resources will provide nurses more time to focus on nursing-specific neonatal care.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of factors related to feeding safety in the NICU as well as potential financial benefits of these quality improvement opportunities.
Validated Pediatric Functional Outcomes of All-epiphyseal ACL Reconstructions: Does Reinjury Affect Outcomes?
Authors: Ranade Sheena C. , Refakis Christian A. , Cruz Aristides I. , Leddy Kelly L. , Wells Lawrence , Lawrence John Todd , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Greater frequency and intensity level of sports participation may be contributing to an increasing incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in skeletally immature athletes. Prior studies have assessed the functional outcomes of physeal-respecting ACL reconstruction in this patient population based on adult functional outcomes scoring systems; however, there is only sparse literature evaluating functional outcomes of this specific patient population. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a cohort of pediatric patients who had undergone all-epiphyseal ACL reconstruction (AEACLR) with a set of clinically validated, pediatric-specific patient-reported functional outcomes scores (PRFOS). We hypothesized that patients who had rerupture would have significantly lower outcomes scores compared with those who did not rerupture.

Methods:
This was a retrospective evaluation of AEACLR patients at a single, tertiary care, children’s hospital within a period of 2 years and had >6 months of initial clinical postoperative follow-up. Those who consented to participation were provided an online combined survey including questions relating to demographics and rerupture as well as 3 validated pediatric PRFOS. Statistical analysis of the cohort demographics, PRFOS, and subgroup analysis of the rerupture group compared with the ACL intact patients was performed.

Results:
The mean functional outcome scores at a mean of 48.6 months from surgery demonstrated excellent return to functional activity (Mean International Knee Documentation Committee, 93.8; Pedi-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, 98.8; Pedi- Functional Activity Brief Score, 21.6). There was a 13% rerupture rate and rerupture patients had a significantly decreased Pedi-International Knee Documentation Committee (94.9 intact vs. 86.0 rerupture; P=0.001) and Pedi-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (99.4 intact vs. 95.4 rupture; P=0.001) scores.

Conclusions:
AEACLR patients have excellent outcomes based on pediatric-specific PRFOS. Rerupture patients demonstrated a decrease in functional outcomes scores compared with intact ACL patients. The results demonstrate the efficacy of AEACLR as measured by pediatric-specific functional outcome scores for the treatment of ACL rupture in skeletally immature athletes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
A National Analysis on Predictors of Discharge to Rehabilitation After Corrective Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Nakhla Jonathan , Echt Murray , Schulz Jacob F. , Gomez Jaime A. , Cho Woojin , Yassari Reza 
Published: June 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective study of a national database.

Objective.
To identify the incidence and risk factors for discharge to a rehabilitation facility after corrective surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data.
The vast majority of patients who undergo surgery for AIS are discharged home, with limited data on rates and causes for discharge to a rehabilitation facility.

Methods.
The United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for the years 2012 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were children aged 10 to 18 who underwent surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Studied data included patient demographics, operative parameters, length of stay, and hospital charges. Perioperative complications were also examined, along with their association with discharge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Statistical analysis was performed via chi-squared testing and multivariate analysis, with significance defined as a P-value <0.05.

Results.
A total of 17,275 patients were included (76.3% female, mean age 14 yr). Out of the entire cohort, 4.8% of patients developed a complication and 0.6% were discharged to a rehabilitation facility. The most common complications included respiratory failure (2.3%), reintubation (0.8%), and postoperative hematoma (0.8%). Following multivariate analysis, male sex (Odds ratio (OR) 4.7; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.8–12.2; P = 0.002), revision surgery (OR 29.6; 95% CI, 5.7–153.5; P < 0.001), and development of a perioperative complication (OR 12.3; 95% CI, 4.7–32.4; P < 0.001) were found to be significant predictors of discharge to rehabilitation. Average length of stay was 8 ± 6 versus 5 ± 3 days and hospital charges were $254,425 versus $186,273 in the complication and control groups, respectively (both P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
Discharge to rehabilitation after AIS surgery is uncommon. However, patients who are male, undergo revision procedures, or develop a complication may have a higher risk of a non-routine discharge. Complication occurrence also resulted in significantly longer lengths of stay and healthcare costs.

Level of Evidence: 3