bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basis of using ultrasound elastography in diffuse and focal liver diseases
Authors: Morozova T. G. , Borsukov A. V. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:to develop the basics of ultrasound elastography for diffuse and focal liver diseases.Material and methods.180 patients were examined, including 102 (56.7%) men and 78 (43.3%) women. Patients were hospitalized in the gastroenterological and surgical departments: 100 (55.6%) patients with diffuse liver disease (DLD), 80 (44.4%) with focal liver pathology (FLP). All elastographic techniques were used; The liver biopsy served as the reference method (n = 169 (93.8%)).Results.If a patient has steatohepatitis, it is recommended to begin research with transient elastography (TE), in hepatitis – with compression elastography (CE), according to the study, it is determined that shear wave elastography (SWE) is informative in all clinical forms of DLD. The terms of elastographic monitoring have been developed: upon admission, after 6, 9, 12 months. With dynamic observation of patients, elastographic techniques have a high diagnostic and prognostic value with stable and positive clinical laboratory and instrumental dynamics (liver biopsy – AUROC 0,882, DI 0.741–0.699, elastography – AUROC 0,991, DI 0.779–0.997). At FLP the results of SWE help in determining the “zone of interest” for the subsequent conduct of a morphological study, with the aim of establishing a diagnosis.Conclusions.1. In the presence of a patient with steatohepatitis, it is recommended to begin research with TE, in hepatitis with CE, according to the results of the study, it is determined that SWE is informative in all clinical forms of DLD. 2. Dynamic elastographic monitoring in case of DLD should be performed at admission, after 6, 9 and 12 months, and then individually for each patient. 3. With dynamic observation of patients with DLD, elastographic techniques have a high diagnostic and prognostic value with stable and positive clinical laboratory and instrumental dynamics (liver biopsy – AUROC 0.882, DI 0.741–0.66, elastography – AUROC 0.991, DI 0.779–0.997). 4. It has been established that the results of all elastographic techniques can not be used as differential diagnostic tools, SWE helps in choosing a “zone of interest” for biopsy with subsequent verification of the diagnosis (AUROC 0.907 (95% DI 0.889–0.933)).
Pluralismo y libre Competencia en el mercado de la televisión y radiodifusión: el caso chileno
Authors: Anguita Ramírez Pedro , Labrador Blanes Maria José 
Published: March 2019

El estudio analiza el régimen constitucional y legal aplicable al mercado de los medios de comunicación social en Chile sujetos a concesión estatal y las decisiones elaboradas por las entidades encargadas de velar por la libre competencia en operaciones de venta y adquisición. La investigación, según la evidencia obtenida, destaca en sus conclusiones, la insuficiencia de dicha institucionalidad en la regulación adecuada de un mercado especialmente relevante para el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión en el contexto de una sociedad democrática.
* El artículo es parte del proyecto el VIII Concurso de Estudios sobre Pluralismo en el Sistema Informativo Nacional 2016, código PLU 160004, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, (CONICYT)
The Effect of Lavender Aromatheraphy on Decreasing of Perineum Paint Pain in Breast Mothers
Authors: Afriani Anita Indra , Rahmawati Deny 
Published: March 2019

Aromatherapy lavender can increase alpha waves in the brain and this gelombang helps to create a relaxed state. Lavender essential oil can reduce anxiety. Type of quantitative descriptive research with Quasi Experimental approach with pretest-posttest design with two groups. The population and sample in this study were all postpartum mothers in Bonang II Public Health Center in June 2018 as many as 30 people with total sampling technique. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. There were differences in perineal wound pain in postpartum mothers before and after lavender aromatherapy was given to the intervention group. There are differences in pain of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers before and after giving jasmine aromatherapy to the control group. There were differences in the reduction of pain in perineal wounds in the intervention group and in the control group. Lavender aromatherapy is more effective in reducing pain compared to jasmine aromatherapi.
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI PLANKTON DI MUARA SUNGAI TALLO KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Patang Patang , Idris Andi Puspa Sari 
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to identify the level of diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton around Muara Tallo, Makassar. The study was conducted for 3 months, namely May to July 2018, in three observation stations, namely location 1 which is located around the mangrove forest, location 2 is located around the estuary of the Tallo River and location 3 which is located around Paotere Harbor, Makassar. Plankton sampling is carried out in the morning using plankton net No. 25. Plankton samples are then taken to the laboratory for identification and analysis.The results showed that when sampling at station 1 there were species of Leptocylidricus sp. Phytoplankton, and Cosvinodiscus sp. and Pleurosigma sp., Paralia sp., Bacillaria sp., but Chaetoceros sp. not found on this station. At the Station 2 phytoplankton species found were Cosvinodiscus sp. and Leptocylidricus sp., then Pleurosigma sp. and at station 3 phytoplankton can be found namely phytoplankton of Leptocylidricus sp., and Cosvinodiscus sp. While station 1 found abundance of phytoplankton, namely the type of Leptocylidricus sp. and Cosvinodiscus sp. Station 2 abundance of types of Leptocylidricus sp., Cosvinodiscus sp. Pleurosigma sp. and Paralia sp. while station 3 is the abundance of phytoplankton in Leptocylidricus sp., Cosvinodiscus sp., Bacillaria sp. and Chaetoceros sp.
La conversion dans les pentecôtismes au Cameroun
Authors: Batibonak Sariette 
Published: March 2019

Cette réflexion a pour objet la conversion en tant qu’incitation au recommencement dans la religiosité pentecôtiste au Cameroun. Fondé sur une approche anthropologique du religieux, cet article vise à ethnographier la conversion pentecôtiste présentée par les leaders religieux comme bouleversante et indexée par les critiques comme une sorte de « blanchiment » du parcours biographique des fidèles. À travers cet acte initial, les pentecôtistes ambitionnent des mutations et des métamorphoses au niveau individuel comme au niveau sociétal. Comment comprendre la conversion comme acte de recommencement chez les pentecôtistes ? Comment expliquer leur prétention transformatrice ? C’est en ces termes que se résume le questionnement de cette recherche in situ.
Départs volontaires, faux-départs, retours impossibles dans l’oeuvre de Louis-Philippe Dalembert
Authors: Cacchioli Emanuela 
Published: March 2019

Cet article propose une analyse tripartite du thème du départ dans les romans de Dalembert. Départs volontaires, faux-départs et retours impossibles s’articulent tant dans la vie de ses personnages de fiction que dans l’Histoire avec la traversée de l’océan lors de la traite des esclaves. Nous nous intéresserons tout particulièrement à la récriture du voyage initiatique à l’œuvre dans L’Autre face de la mer, œuvre que nous pouvons définir comme « roman du départ » car il exploite le sujet sous différents aspects. Nous verrons que le voyage initiatique n’est que l’origine de tout départ et que chaque déplacement postérieur devient un écho de la traversée de l’océan des esclaves africains
La pratique du surtitrage en contexte minoritaire
Authors: Pridmore-Franz Milane 
Published: March 2019

Depuis son essor au milieu des années 80, la pratique du surtitrage demeure une forme de traduction audiovisuelle peu explorée, malgré l’intérêt croissant qu’elle suscite chez certains traductologues et spécialistes. Si les études sur ce genre de traduction multidimensionnelle ou multisémiotique et ses enjeux sont encore à l’état embryonnaire, la perception et les attitudes des divers publics concernant les surtitres sont peu connues de la part des chercheurs. Il va de soi que, pour assurer le succès d’un spectacle surtitré, on doit bien connaître son public cible, comme le requiert tout acte de traduction. Comment les surtitres pour le théâtre sont-ils perçus par le grand public? Comment les choix de traduction affectent-ils la réception d’une représentation théâtrale surtitrée? Ces questions sont d’autant plus importantes dans des contextes francophones minoritaires tels que les communautés francophones de l’Ouest canadien, où les publics des théâtres francophones comprennent des francophones bilingues, des anglophones (et francophiles) monolingues, ainsi que des apprenants de la langue. Dans le cadre plus large d’une étude de grande envergure sur la réception des surtitres effectuée à L’UniThéâtre, cet article sert d’analyse réflexive entreprise par la surtitreuse: elle y aborde ses procédés de surtitrage et examine l’efficacité de sa stratégie en tenant compte des enjeux sociolinguistiques et politico-culturels qui influent sur les conditions de réception dans de telles situations linguistiques minoritaires
Ailleurs, au Mexique : topographie géopoétique d’Ourania de J.-M.G. Le Clézio
Authors: Bouvet Rachel 
Published: March 2019

Cet article examine la représentation de l’ailleurs à partir d’une perspective géopoétique et propose une analyse topographique du roman Ourania de J.M.G. Le Clézio. L’ailleurs n’y est pas pensé en termes d’énonciation ou à partir du genre viatique, comme cela se fait souvent, mais bien à partir des rapports entre littérature et géographie. La curiosité du narrateur, un géographe français parti faire des relevés pédologiques au Mexique, n’a d’égale que sa propension à passer d’un monde à un autre monde : du réel à l’imaginaire, de la terre au ciel en passant par un village utopique, « fait de songes ». Son discours, quant à lui, a pour effet d’inscrire le personnage dans la lignée des géographes et des aventuriers ayant la « passion du monde ». Pour connaître son parcours, en grande partie occulté, il est nécessaire de se pencher au-delà des frontières du récit et de s’intéresser à la carte et à l’itinéraire présentés en annexe. Ainsi, se met en place un exercice de topographie romanesque, qui met en évidence les échos entre toponymes, hydronymes, patronymes et prénoms. Un chassé-croisé marqué par l’intensification du rapport entre le lieu et l’écriture, par l’entremêlement du géographique et du linguistique.
Du “monstre-humain” au “monstre-objet” : l’évolution du monstre (in)visible dans Notre-Dame de Paris et À rebours
Authors: Patterson Jade 
Published: March 2019

Au XIXᵉ siècle en France, les monstres sont plus que visibles ; ils occupent le devant de la scène. Ils sont présents dans des domaines aussi divers que la science (avec la tératologie —la première “science” des monstres), la politique, où se dessinent des évènements “monstrueux” signalant une rupture de la norme, et la foire, où les spectateurs paient pour voir des formes grotesques. En prenant les exemples de deux œuvres littéraires : Notre Dame de Paris (1831) de Victor Hugo et A rebours (1889) de Joris-Karl Huysmans, nous examinerons comment la production à grande échelle des monstres a cependant pour résultat la banalisation du monstre comme figure extraordinaire. Nous soutiendrons qu’il existe une évolution du “monstre-humain” romantique au “monstre-objet” décadent qui reflète la monstruosité morale du créateur lui-même : une métamorphose du visible à l’invisible. Cette notion prend racine dans le contexte d’une notion évolutive de la construction philosophique nature/artifice où s’inscrivent d’importantes avancées technologiques, telles que les machines-outils (destinées à construire les pièces de machines). Cela marque un changement dans les perceptions des rôles de l’homme et de la nature dans le champ de création. Le monstre évolue d’un être extraordinaire (semblable aux créatures de la foire) à un objet banal, facile à reproduire, qui reflète les peurs de la production de masse dans une société industrielle. Enfin, en abordant les enjeux de la monstruosité et de la visibilité, nous montrerons comment le monstre devient visible même dans la forme du texte littéraire du XIXᵉ siècle, avec la naissance d’un roman-monstre.
Inquiry into the use of digital technology in elementary music education
Authors: Kerslake Kirsten 
Published: March 2019

Music education is an important part of a child’s elementary education. There are many types of new digital technologies that are appearing in our schools. Through inquiry research and the use of an online survey, in-person and email interviews, I have attempted to discover what digital programs or tools are out there to assist with learning the various musical concepts in elementary music curriculum, as well as how digital technology in music curriculum is used to keep the children engaged in their learning. The findings led me to a conclusion that people believe that music education at an elementary level is important, has both pros and cons, and must be used in correspondence with traditional teaching methods. Digital technology can be beneficial in music education if the teacher understands how to use it properly to promote active and engaged student learning.
The role of digital reading technologies in developing language and literacy skills
Authors: Lambrecht Rachel 
Published: March 2019

EBooks and other forms of digital reading technology are becoming increasingly popular in classrooms due to their perceived ability to improve engagement and positively contribute to language and literacy skills. This research study seeks to answer the question: Can eBooks be utilized to help improve early literacy and language skills, and contribute to the engagement of readers? In an effort to answer this question data was collected from an online survey created using Google Forms. This survey data was further analyzed through an interview process. The survey data retrieved provides a surface level understanding of the perceived value of digital reading technologies. The data retrieved from this study indicates that digital reading technologies are convenient and can increase the accessibility of reading materials, but that further research is necessary to determine the specific role of digital reading technologies in improving early literacy and language skills.
Improvement of Earth Canals Constructed on Gypseous Soil by Soil Cement Mixture
Authors: Al-Hadidi Maysam Th. , AL-Maamori Zeina Hamed Nasir 
Published: March 2019

The gypseous soil may be one of the problems that face the engineers especially when it used as a foundation for hydraulic structures, roads, and other structures. Gypseous soil is strong soil and has good properties when it is dry, but the problem arises when building hydraulic installations or heavy buildings on this soil after wetting the water to the soil by raising the water table level from any source or from rainfall which leads to dissolve the gypsum content.
Cement-stabilized soil has been successfully used as a facing or lining for earth channel, highway embankments and drainage ditches to reduce the risk of erosion and collapsibility of soil. This study is deliberate the treatment of gypseous soil by using a mixture of soil-cement. Collapsibility and settlement tests were carried out on gypseous soil brought from Karbla Governorate with a gypsum content (42.55%) soil mixed with various amounts of cement (2%,3%,5%,8%,10%,13%,and 15 %) by Wight and compacted to max. dry density 16.5 kN/m3 with O.M.C.( 12.8 % ) . The experimental tests were conducted on a flume with constant velocity (0.148 m/sec) during the test. The results marked that (10) % of cement decreases the collapsibility about 86.54% and the gypsum contained in the soil remain the same nearly after 28 day. Beside that the research shows that the minimum curing time is 14 days.
Asphaltene Stability of Some Iraqi Dead Crude oils
Authors: Ali Ali Anwar , Al-Jawad Mohammed S. , Ali Abdullah A. 
Published: March 2019

Asphaltene is one of the fractions of the crude oil which is soluble in aromatics such as benzene or toluene and insoluble in alkane such as n-heptane, n-pentane or petroleum ether (mixture of alkane compounds). Asphaltene precipitation is one of the most common problems that sometimes occurs in both oil recovery and refinery processes as a result of changing in pressure, oil composition, or temperature. Therefore the stability of asphaltene in the crude oil must be studied to show the tendency of it for precipitating asphaltene to prevent it (Asphaltene precipitation and deposition problem) and eliminate the burden of high treatment costs.
In the present study, saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis of the six dead crude oil samples from different Iraqi oil fields was conducted by using open column liquid chromatography after separating the asphaltene from them through filtration process. The asphaltene stability of dead crude oil samples was studied depending on changing the composition of them by adding the petroleum ether as an alkane and using colloidal instability index (CII) to determine the tendency of these crude oil samples to precipitate asphaltene depending on the SARA analysis results of these dead crude oils.
All of dead crude oil samples showed the instability of asphaltene depending on this index and this means that all of them might precipitate asphaltene if the composition of these crude oil samples changed due to existing with the alkane in the live case in wells (Live oil is oil containing gas phase at reservoir conditions) such as injection of gas which has high ratio of alkane or the expanding the gas in the oil when the pressure decreases until reaches bubble point pressure.
The refractive index of the dead crude oil samples was measured experimentally and calculated by two correlations which were Fan et al. correlation and Chamkalani correlation. The last one showed the best match between the experimental and calculated values of the refractive index of the dead crude oil samples.
Economic Benefits for the Application of Standards of Sustainability in Construction Projects
Authors: Kamas Walid Mustafa , Hasan Aya A. , Fadel Ali Hussein 
Published: March 2019

In this research, that been focused on the most important economic benefits expected when applying the three standards of sustainability in construction projects (economic, environmental and social). Fuzzy AHP, a multi-decision decision-making technique for evaluating construction projects. Which when used we get the speed and accuracy in the results. Using this technique will reduce uncertainties decisions significantly (fuzzy environment), that found in most projects .The results of the data analysis showed that the economic standards take the greatest relative importance (60%) among the three sustainability standards. Therefore, the implementation of any standards need a cost so the economic benefit of any project is ranked first, before implementing any sustainable project.
Ear Findings and Hearing analysis in cleft palate patients in Nepal
Authors: Thakur Sanjeev , Yadav Baleshwar , Agrawal Manish , Shrestha Kailash Khaki , Bedajit Raj Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Background: The orofacial cleft is the most common birth anomaly with a prevalence rate ranging from 1/1000 to 2.69/ 1000. The middle ear diseases are known to be associated with cleft palate, however, the prevalence and the magnitude of the condition is usually underestimated.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the various exisiting ear abnormalities, to assess the middle ear function and hearing status in patients with cleft palate and confirm the existence of these manifestations and their significance.
Materials and Methods: All the patients with cleft palate with or without cleft lip over a one-year duration from January to December 2018 at the teaching hospital were include after informed consent. The patients with only cleft lip were excluded. General ENT examination and Otoscopy was performed. Tympanometry and Pure tone Audiometry was done (in those above 5 years). The degree of hearing loss was categorized using the WHO guidelines.
Results: Out of a total of 56 patients, there were 30(53.6%) male and 26(46.4%) female. The age range was from 2years to 31 years. The mean age was 12.8 years. Maximum number of patients were in the 10-20 years age group 29(51.8%) followed by 22 (39.3%) in the less than 10 years age group. 53 (47.3%) of 112 ears examined had dull tympanic membrane, followed by retraction of tympanic membrane in 42 (37.5%) ears. Other findings were central perforation in 5 (4.5%), bulging tympanic membrane in 2 (1.8%) and atticoantral disease in 1 (0.9%) ear. 8 (7.1%) ears had normal findings. There was one case with right ear atresia (0.9%). In Tympanometry findings, the maximum number of ears, 51 (48.1%) had type B curve, followed by 33 (31.2%) ears with type As curve. 16 (15%) of ears had type C curve. 6 (5.7%) ears had type A curve. B type curve was found more common in less than 10 years age group. A chi Square test was performed and the findings had statistically significant association. (P value: 0.03 for Right ear tympanometry ; P value: 0.043 for left ear tympanometry). In Pure tone audiometry findings of 105 ears, 72 (68.6%) ears had mild conductive hearing loss. 10 (9.5%) ears had moderate conductive hearing loss, while 1 (1%) ear had mixed hearing loss. 22 (20.9%) ears had normal hearing level.
Conclusion: This study assessed the common ear problems prevalent in cleft patients, along with the hearing loss. Since, ear disease were quite common in these patients, these patients should be evaluated regularly by an otolaryngologist to detect, treat and prevent such problems in these patients so that long term morbidity could be avoided.
Improved stress concentration factors for circular shafts for uniaxial and combined loading
Authors: Mayr Christina Maria , Rother Klemens 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Stress concentration factors (SCF) related to specific geometries, loadings and stress quantities can be calculated efficiently using approximate equations. Those relations are typically based on metamodeling via the results of linear elastic analyses. Existing equations for the, technically speaking, very important circular shafts with shoulder fillets or U-shaped notches under bending, torsion or tension/compression can be appropriated, for example, from the DIN 743-2 : 2012-12. Using these relations requires compliance with underlying constraints and assumptions. For example, equations from that code do not provide SCFs larger than 6 and refer only to the maximum principle stress. Furthermore, DIN 743-2 : 2012-12 does not provide SCFs for combined loading, i. e. simultaneous bending, torsion and tensile/compressive loading. This paper presents new and improved equations based on sampling computational finite element simulations and subsequent regression analyses. Multiple improvements could be achieved: The six equations for circular shafts with shoulder fillets or U-shaped grooves derived from DIN 743-2 : 2012-12 were simplified down to two equations. Despite this simplification, the new equations have been generalized for combined loading and include SCFs larger than 6 as well. Choosing between various equations for each type of loading is no longer necessary. Only one equation for each of the two basic geometries is needed. Moreover, two further equations which refer to von Mises equivalent stress have been added. Although the new equations are easier to handle and allow for an estimation of stress concentration factors larger than 6, the accuracy of the new equations is higher than the accuracy of DIN 743-2 : 2012–12 when compared to SCFs derived from finite element simulation as reference values.