bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Study about the Attitude toward Organ Xenotransplantation in the Population from Eastern Europe Resident in Southeast Spain
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Martínez-Alarcón Laura , Sánchez José , Jarvis Nicholas , Guzmán Dolores , Parrilla Pascual , Ramírez Pablo 
Published: April 2018

Background The objective of this paper is to analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation and to determine the variables that influence this attitude in the population of southeast Spain who were born in Eastern European countries. Methods A random sample was taken of natives from Eastern Europe residing in southeast Spain (n=320). The sample was obtained randomly between November 2005 and April 2006 and stratified according to the respondents' nationality. Attitude was evaluated using a validated questionnaire which was self-administered and completed anonymously. The control group was a random sample of the native Spanish population (n=250). The statistical analysis used included Student's t-test, the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression analysis. Results The questionnaire completion rate was 83% (n=267). Regarding the use of animal organs for transplantation in humans, if the outcome were similar to that achieved when using human organs, 43% (n=114) would be in favor, 32% (n=86) undecided, and the remaining 25% (n=67) would be against it. This attitude is less favorable than in the control group (43% versus 74%, p<0.001). The attitude was related to the following factors: 1) the country of origin (p<0.001); 2) participation in social help activities (p<0.001); 3) discussion on organ donation and transplantation within the family (p=0.005); 4) previous experience of organ donation and transplantation (p=0.002); 5) the respondent's religion (p=0.002); 6) knowing that one's partner had a favorable attitude toward transplantation (p<0.001); 7) the respondent's belief that he or she might need a transplant in the future (p<0.001); 8) the attitude toward human donation, both from cadaver (p<0.001) and living (p<0.001) donors. The following were also independent variables in the subsequent multivariate analysis: 1) favorable attitude toward cadaver organ donation (OR=4.998); 2) previous experience of donation (OR=2.857); 3) partner's attitude against transplantation (OR=0.079); and 4) attitude toward living donation (OR=12.703). Conclusions The attitude toward xenotransplantation is less positive among Eastern Europeans living in Spain than in the native Spanish population and is influenced by many psychosocial factors that are mainly related to human organ donation.
The value of fast-acting insulin aspart compared with insulin aspart for patients with diabetes mellitus treated with bolus insulin from a UK health care system perspective
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Ashley Donna , Fidler Carrie , Parekh Witesh 
Published: April 2018

Background: Fast-acting insulin aspart is a new formulation of the rapid-acting insulin analogue insulin aspart and represents an advancement over current rapid-acting insulin analogues in terms of onset of action and postprandial glucose control. The objective of the current analysis was to demonstrate the cost impact of prescribing fast-acting insulin aspart instead of insulin aspart, to highlight the value of fast-acting insulin aspart for the treatment of people with diabetes requiring mealtime insulin. Methods: A cost-impact analysis was conducted from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). The analysis excluded patients’ out-of-pocket expenses, carers’ costs and lost productivity. The time horizon of the analysis was 1 year, and no discounting was therefore applied. Results: The displacement of insulin aspart with fast-acting insulin aspart is cost neutral for the UK NHS. Fast-acting insulin aspart is at price parity to insulin aspart in terms of the vial and Penfill® cartridge and is available in the FlexTouch® pen at the same price as the insulin aspart FlexPen® (and thus cheaper than the insulin aspart FlexTouch® pen). Patients using the insulin aspart FlexPen® will be upgraded to the FlexTouch® pen device, which is preferred by patients and healthcare professionals, on switching to fast-acting insulin aspart, at no additional cost. Conclusions: Fast-acting insulin aspart offers additional clinical benefit but at no additional cost when compared with insulin aspart, and thus provides value to the UK NHS.
Characteristics and outcomes associated with 30-day readmissions following acute coronary syndrome 2000–2013: the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey
Authors: Litovchik Ilia , Pereg David , Shlomo Nir , Vorobeichik Dina , Beigel Roy , Iakobishvili Zaza , Vered Zvi , Goldenberg Ilan , Minha Sa’ar 
Published: April 2018

Background: Readmissions following acute myocardial infarction are associated with poor outcomes and a heavy economic burden. There are few evidence-based data on the characteristics and outcomes of patients readmitted following acute coronary syndrome. We explored the incidence and outcomes of patients readmitted after an acute coronary syndrome in the past decade. Methods: The study population comprised all acute coronary syndrome patients who were enrolled and prospectively followed up in the biennial Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey from 2000 to 2013. Multivariate analysis identified factors independently associated with readmission and long-term mortality. Results: There were 13,010 study patients, of whom 556 (4.2%) had an unplanned readmission within 30 days of the index event. Stent thrombosis during the index hospitalisation (odds ratio (OR) 8.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.11–16.07; P<0.001), female sex (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.1–1.63; P=0.003), older age (>65 years; OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.06–1.55; P=0.011), and lack of dual-antiplatelet therapy (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.25–1.86; P<0.001) were independently associated with readmission. Readmitted patients were less likely to have been treated with guideline-directed medical therapy during hospitalisation and at discharge, and were less likely to have undergone coronary angiography. A strong trend towards decline in readmission rates following acute coronary syndrome was observed between 2000 and 2013 ( P<0.001). However, the association between readmission and poor long-term outcome was more pronounced among patients readmitted during more recent years (2008–2013). Conclusions: Patients readmitted to hospital following acute coronary syndrome comprise an undertreated, high-risk cohort. Our findings indicate that despite a significant decline in readmission rates following acute coronary syndrome over the past decade, readmission within 30 days following acute coronary syndrome still portends a grave outcome.
Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) Scale
Authors: Webster Kate E. , Feller Julian A. 
Published: April 2018

Background: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale was developed to measure an athlete’s psychological readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction surgery. The scale is being used with increasing frequency in both research and clinical settings. Purpose: To generate and validate a short version of the ACL-RSI scale. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The ACL-RSI scale was administered to 535 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction surgery. Reliability (Cronbach alpha) was determined and factor analysis of the full scale was undertaken along with a process of item selection and elimination. A second group of 250 patients participated in a predictive validation analysis. This group completed the ACL-RSI scale at 6 months and reported return-to-sport outcomes 12 months following ACL reconstruction surgery. The predictive validity of both scales (full and short versions) was assessed by use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistics. Results: The scale was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, 0.96), which suggested that item redundancy was present. After an item selection process, the scale was reduced to a 6-item format. Cronbach alpha for the short version was 0.92, and factor analysis confirmed the presence of 1 factor accounting for 71% of the total variance. Scores for the short version were significantly different between patients who had and those who had not returned to sport. Six-month ACL-RSI scores for both the full and short versions had fair to good predictive ability for 12-month return-to-sport outcomes (full version: area under ROC curve, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.7-0.8]; short version: area under ROC curve, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.7-0.8]). Conclusion: A 6-item short version of the ACL-RSI scale was developed from a large cohort of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. The short version appears to be as robust as the full version for discriminating between and predicting return-to-sport outcomes. The short version of the ACL-RSI may be of use in busy clinical settings to help identify athletes who may find return to sport challenging.
Assessing Knowledge Regarding Managing Congestive Health Failure Symptoms: Differences in Patient and Professional Scores
Authors: Berrios-Thomas Saskia , Engel Rafael , McCall Janice , Rosen Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To assess whether patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and health coaches agree about patient knowledge of health-enhancing practices related to CHF after ongoing telehealth coaching. Methods: Forty patients with CHF and eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid were recruited from a regional managed care organization for this pilot study. Telecoaching sessions via a health insurance portability and accountability act(HIPAA)-compliant tablet-based platform focused on educational information designed to improve patient self-care. Social workers administered the 13-item Member Confidence Measure at baseline and at 30 and 180 days into the intervention. Patients and social workers provided separate ratings. Results: As expected at baseline, patient and coach scores differed, with patients reporting higher perceived knowledge scores ( P < .01). Contrary to expectation, patient and coach scores did not converge at 30 and 180 days. Patient scores continued to increase at 30 and 180 days, while coaches’ scores increased at 30 days, but not at 180 days. Conclusion: Overall, patients continued to overrate their understanding about CHF. A telecoaching platform provides an opportunity to enhance patient’s knowledge of their chronic disease and for patients to sustain that knowledge over time. Practice Implications: Addressing a patient’s misperception of their knowledge to manage a chronic disease is critical for enhancing well-being. Coaches’ scores did increase at 30 days suggesting that telecoaching is effective, but more monitoring may be required to ensure that these gains persist over time.
Bridging the Chasm: Challenges, Opportunities, and Resources for Integrating a Dissemination and Implementation Science Curriculum into Medical Education
Authors: Ginossar Tamar , Heckman Carolyn J , Cragun Deborah , Quintiliani Lisa M , Proctor Enola K , Chambers David A , Skolarus Ted , Brownson Ross C 
Published: April 2018

Background: Physicians are charged with implementing evidence-based medicine, yet few are trained in the science of Dissemination and Implementation (D&I). In view of the potential of evidence-based training in D&I to help close the gap between research and practice, the goal of this review is to examine the importance of D&I training in medical education, describe challenges to implementing such training, and provide strategies and resources for building D&I capacity. Methods: We conducted (1) a systematic review to identify US-based D&I training efforts and (2) a critical review of additional literature to inform our evaluation of the challenges and opportunities of integrating D&I training in medical education. Results: Out of 269 unique articles reviewed, 11 described US-based D&I training. Although vibrant and diverse training opportunities exist, their capacity is limited, and they are not designed to meet physicians’ needs. Synthesis of relevant literature using a critical review approach identified challenges inherent to changing medical education, as well as challenges related to D&I science. Finally, selected strategies and resources are available for facilitating incorporation of D&I training into medical education and overcoming existing challenges. Conclusions: Integrating D&I training in the medical education curriculum, and particularly in residency and fellowship training, holds promise for bridging the chasm between scientific discoveries and improved patient care and outcomes. However, unique challenges should be addressed, including the need for greater evidence.
MiR-10a-5p targets TFAP2C to promote gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiong Guangbing , Huang Hua , Feng Mengyu , Yang Gang , Zheng Suli , You Lei , Zheng Lianfang , Hu Ya , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
By regulating target genes, microRNAs play essential roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previous studies have shown that microRNA-10a-5p (miR-10a-5p) is overexpressed in PDAC and acts as an oncogene to promote the metastatic behavior of PDAC cells. However, the role of miR-10a-5p in PDAC chemoresistance remains unclear.

Methods
The effects of miR-10a-5p on biological behaviors were analyzed. MiR-10a-5p and TFAP2C levels in tissues were detected, and the clinical value was evaluated.

Results
We found that miR-10a-5p is up-regulated in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells and enhances PDAC cell gemcitabine resistance in vitro and vivo. Meanwhile, we also determined that miR-10a-5p promotes the migratory and invasive ability of PDAC cells. Next, we confirmed that transcription factor activating protein 2 gamma (TFAP2C) is a target of miR-10a-5p, and TFAP2C overexpression resensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine, which is initiated by miR-10a-5p. Further studies revealed that TFAP2C also decreased PDAC cell migration and invasion capability. Finally, survival analysis demonstrated that high miR-10a-5p expression levels and low TFAP2C expression levels were both independent adverse prognostic factors in patients with PDAC.

Conclusion
Together, these results indicate that miR-10a-5p/TFAP2C may be new therapeutic target and prognostic marker in PDAC.
Monocular enucleation alters retinal waves in the surviving eye
Authors: Failor Samuel Wilson , Ng Arash , Cheng Hwai-Jong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Activity in neurons drives afferent competition that is critical for the refinement of nascent neural circuits. In ferrets, when an eye is lost in early development, surviving retinogeniculate afferents from the spared eye spread across the thalamus in a manner that is dependent on spontaneous retinal activity. However, how this spontaneous activity, also known as retinal waves, might dynamically regulate afferent terminal targeting remains unknown.

Methods
We recorded retinal waves from retinae ex vivo using multi-electrode arrays. Retinae came from ferrets who were binocular or who had one eye surgically removed at birth. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate the effects of early monocular enucleation on retinal wave activity.

Results
When an eye is removed at birth, spontaneous bursts of action potentials by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the surviving eye are shorter in duration. The shortening of RGC burst duration results in decreased pairwise RGC correlations across the retina and is associated with the retinal wave-dependent spread of retinogeniculate afferents previously reported in enucleates.

Conclusion
Our findings show that removal of the competing eye modulates retinal waves and could underlie the dynamic regulation of competition-based refinement during retinogeniculate development.
Healthcare-associated fungal outbreaks: New and uncommon species, New molecular tools for investigation and prevention
Authors: Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , Brun Sophie , Zahar Jean-Ralph 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOutbreaks of healthcare-associated fungal infections have repeatedly been described over recent years, often caused by new or uncommon species. Candida auris, a recently described multidrug-resistant yeast species, is certainly the most worrisome species having caused several severe healthcare outbreaks of invasive infections, on four continents. Also, large nosocomial outbreaks due to uncommon fungal species such as Exserohilum rostratum and Sarocladium kiliense, were both linked to contamination of medical products, however the source of another outbreak, caused by Saprochaete clavata, remains unresolved. Furthermore, these outbreaks identified new populations under threat in addition to those commonly at risk for invasive fungal infections, such as immunosuppressed and intensive care unit patients. All of these outbreaks have highlighted the usefulness of a high level of awareness, rapid diagnostic methods, and new molecular typing tools such as Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), prompt investigation and aggressive interventions, including notification of public health agencies.This review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical data of the majority of healthcare-associated outbreaks reported over the last 6 years caused by uncommon or new fungal pathogens, as well as the contribution of WGS as support to investigate the source of infection and the most frequent control measures used.
The impact of refugee experiences on education: evidence from Burundi
Authors: Fransen Sonja , Vargas-Silva Carlos , Siegel Melissa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Previous studies suggest that displacement is one of the channels through which conflict impacts schooling outcomes. However, there is scarce evidence on this impact for those who are displaced internationally (i.e. refugees). We use data from Burundi, a country which experienced large-scale conflict-led emigration and substantial post-war refugee return, to explore differences in schooling outcomes between returnees, defined as individuals who were displaced to a neighbouring country and later returned home, and stayees, defined as individuals who never left the country during the conflict (i.e. those who were never displaced and those who were only displaced internally). Our results suggest that, controlling for pre-war characteristics and cohort effects, returning refugees are more likely to have finished primary school than their contemporaries who never left the country. We also find that an additional year spent as a refugee while of schooling age is associated with a four to six percentage point increase in the likelihood of finishing primary school.

JEL Classification: F22, D74, I25
The white of the 20th century: an explorative survey into Dutch modern art collections
Authors: van Driel B. A. , van den Berg K. J. , Gerretzen J. , Dik J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
White pigments were abundantly used in 20th century paintings, and relate to several degradation risks such as titanium white mediated photocatalytic binder degradation or zinc soap formation. Knowledge about the white pigments that were used is essential for risk assessments of 20th century collections. In this study, a representative set of 179 paintings in Dutch modern art collections were analyzed by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Subsequent explorative data analysis was performed, supported by qualitative findings from 140 home-made reference samples. Micro-samples were further investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy to gain information about crystal structure and surface coating. This study reveals that Dutch 20th century artists were hesitant to use titanium white. In the Netherlands, the use of this pigment is observed convincingly from the 1970s onward and initially mostly in non-oil binders. Additionally, lead white was used until late in the 20th century for paints and grounds but rarely mixed with titanium white in paints. The study also indicated that many CoBrA artists used zinc white, underlining the risk of degradation due to soap formation. Furthermore, this study highlights the different production processes of titanium white. Through the association of titanium with niobium, an impurity only present for sulfate processed pigments, the production process can be identified. The absence of niobium indicates the presence of rutile and is thus a sign of paint stability, as well as a ‘post 1959’ dating. This explorative study illustrates the value of a combination of data analysis approaches, which includes assessment of spectra as well as descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis, for medium-sized datasets gathered at similar conditions.
Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China
Authors: Ren Meng , Wang Renfang , Yang Yimin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The inkstone is a specific writing implement in China that was popularized since the Han Dynasty (202 BC–AD 220). A rectangular/round grinding plate accompanied with a grinding stone is considered as a kind of proto-inkstone. However, little scientific investigation has been performed to support this hypothesis. In this paper, a micro-destructive approach, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), were employed to analyse the black residues on a grinding plate and a grinding stone excavated from the Changle Cemetery (202 BC–AD 8) in northwestern China. The FTIR and Raman analyses indicated that the residues were ancient ink. GC–MS analysis further identified that the residues were pine-soot ink, based on the relative abundances of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the detection of conifer biomarkers. The trace of animal glue was not detected in the residues; thus, the ink was possibly formed as small pellets and the small grinding stone was necessary to assist during the ink-grinding process. This study confirms that this set of stone implements is indeed an early type of inkstone, and offers some insight into the co-evolution relationship between ink production and inkstone shapes.