bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological profile of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria clone‐positive aplastic anaemia paediatric patients—A single centre study from North India
Authors: Rahman K. , Mittal N. , Gupta R. , Kumar S. , Gupta T. , Gupta A. , Nityanand S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere is a paucity of literature related to the prevalence of Paroxysmal Nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) clones in paediatric aplastic anaemia (AA) patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis over a period of 42 months to study the prevalence of PNH clones in paediatric (age less than 18 years) AA cases, using Fluorescein‐labelled proaerolysin‐based flow cytometric screening and analysed their clinico‐pathological features.ResultsPNH clone was identified in 100 (33.2%) of the 301 patients screened. These were comprised of 51 cases of non‐severe AA, 33 cases of severe AA and 16 cases of very severe AA. The median age was 13 years with an M:F ratio of 2.5:1. The median clone size (taken as the proportion of PNH‐positive neutrophils) was 2.15% (range: 0.05%‐93.1%). Although a majority of patients (n = 77) had a clone size of less than 10%, a significant proportion (n = 23) did harbour a clone size of more than 10%. Evidence of haemolysis was observed in 3 patients, all of them having a clone size of more than 10%. Interestingly, 1 patient with dural sinus thrombosis harboured a clone size of 1.25% only. Chromosomal breakage analysis was performed in 61 patients, none of which was positive. Complete and partial response to immunosuppressive therapy was found in 55.1% patients (16/29).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of PNH clones in paediatric AA patients, which in a majority of cases are of small clone sizes. The use of immunosuppressive therapy does not show a better outcome as compared to PNH‐negative cases.
Disease Severity and Health‐Related Quality of Life Across Different Chronic Conditions
Authors: Ferrucci Luigi , Baldasseroni Samuele , Bandinelli Stefania , De Alfieri Walter , Cartei Alessandro , Calvani Donatella , Baldini Alessio , Masotti Giulio , Marchionni Niccolò 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVESMeasurements of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) are an essential component in overall assessment of health status, particularly in older patients. Nevertheless, how measures of HRQL relate to measures of disease severity is largely unexplored. This study was carried out to explore the relationship between a measure of HRQL and measures of severity of ischemic stroke, Parkinson's diseases (PD), or chronic coronary heart disease (CHD).DESIGN AND SETTINGCross‐sectional analysis of three groups (54 subjects each) of patients aged ≥ 65 years consecutively referred to outpatient clinics for stroke, PD, or CHD, excluding those with cognitive impairment and severe comorbidity.MEASUREMENTSSeverity of stroke, PD, and CHD assessed by Fugl‐Meyer Scale (FMS), Webster Rating Scale (WBRS), and total work capacity (TWC, from graded exercise test), respectively. HRQL was determined by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP).RESULTSIn PD, WBRS correlated linearly with SIP global score, whereas a significant linear relationship between measures of disease severity and SIP score was limited to the least severely diseased stroke (FMS score>160) and the most severely diseased CHD (TWC <700 Kg∙m) patients.CONCLUSIONSIn some disease, the relationship between clinical measures of disease severity and HRQL is nonlinear. Thus, depending on initial severity, similar changes in disease severity may have different impacts on HRQL. These findings may help in identifying patients most likely to improve their SIP score substantially, after even small changes in disease severity. However, studies examining the metric properties of SIP across the whole score range are needed to verify whether such improvement really translates into a better HRQL.
VENTURE CAPITAL INTERNATIONALIZATION: SYNTHESIS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Authors: Devigne David , Manigart Sophie , Vanacker Tom , Mulier Klaas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResearch on venture capital (VC) internationalization has expanded rapidly over the last decade. This paper reviews the extant literature on VC internationalization and highlights gaps in our knowledge. We identify three major research streams within this literature, which revolve around the following questions: (1) which VC firms invest across borders and what countries do they target; (2) how do VC firms address liabilities of foreign investing; and (3) what are the real effects of international VC investments? We provide an overview of the contributions in these research streams, discuss the role of public policy, and suggest avenues for future research. Specifically, we call for a deeper understanding of: (1) the functioning and impact of VC firms’ modes of internationalization; (2) micro‐level processes such as the functioning and decision making of international investment committees, or the development of international human and social capital; (3) the role of country institutions in VC internationalization and its real effects; and (4) the interplay of international VC with alternative financing sources.
Enclosing sutures technique for control of local bleeding in a case of placenta increta
Authors: Takeda Jun , Makino Shintaro , Matsumura Yuko , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAntepartum diagnosis of uterine placenta increta is difficult, thus considering a counterplan during placental delivery is obliged. Uterine compression suture is one of the choices of hemostatic surgical techniques for postpartum hemorrhage. However, uterine synechiae/ischemia are known for the complications. To avoid these complications, we performed a novel hemostatic suture with a contrivance for a case of uterine posterior placenta increta. A nullipara with a history of multiple intrauterine operation underwent cesarean delivery. She was diagnosed as placental increta, and most of the placenta was removed manually. Because continuous bleeding from attachment site was observed even with a balloon tamponade test, four single sutures pierced only the uterine posterior wall with deliberate gaps to each knot were placed to enclose bleeding area. Hemostasis was accomplished without blood transfusion or hysterectomy. This novel hemostatic technique has the potential to control local bleeding without excessively reducing uterine blood flow.
Proximity and economic activity: An analysis of vendor‐university transactions
Authors: Goldschlag Nathan , Lane Julia , Weinberg Bruce A. , Zolas Nikolas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper uses transaction‐based data to provide new insights into the link between the geographic proximity of businesses and associated economic activity. It develops two new measures of, and a set of stylized facts about, the distances between observed transactions between customers and vendors for a research intensive sector. Spending on research inputs is more likely with businesses physically closer to universities than those further away. Firms supplying a university project in one year are more likely to subsequently open an establishment near that university. Vendors who have supplied a project, are subsequently more likely to be a vendor on the same or related project.
Scholarship and Activism Diverge: Responding to MLK's Call with Theory and Research on Diversity, Political Action, and Resistance to Oppression
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Sweetman Joseph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue, we examine the rift between psychological scholarship on race and racism in the academy and the critical theories embraced by activists and other social sciences. While Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) called on psychologists to “tell it like it is” by illuminating the reality of oppression and racism in its many forms, very little work in the (ideological) psychological literatures has examined this diversity of oppression, including neoliberalism and capitalist structures and how incremental engagement with the political system may do little to actually improve oppressed people's lives. We argue that psychological scholarship and activism on race and racism have diverged. Whereas, activists and nonpsychological social scientists have embraced critical perspectives (e.g., intersectionality and critical race theory), psychologists have not, likely distracted by a move toward more internal and cognitive analyses of prejudice and bias. The articles in this special issue attempt to demonstrate new ways to answer MLK's call in the areas of diversity and leadership, the efficacy of political action, and resistance to oppression.
When Similarities are More Important than Differences: “Politically Black” Union Members’ Experiences of Racism and Participation in Union Leadership
Authors: Sweetman Joseph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmploying survey data from the largest (known) sample of Black, Asian, and minority ethnic staff in British higher and further education, I respond to King's call to examine minority leadership within trade unions. Drawing on theoretical insights from the psychology of social movements, I examine how perceptions/experiences of racism, exclusion, bullying, and barriers to promotion impact on minority union leadership through different types of union involvement (e.g., attending local meetings, seeking union help, etc.) The findings suggest that perceptions of racism and experiences of bullying have a positive indirect effect on minorities taking up union leadership through attending union meetings and raising issues of racism with the union, but not through other forms of union involvement. In line with theory, this pattern of results suggests that union efforts to increase attendance and positive contact at local group meetings, along with efforts to build trust in the union's position on racism, may be important for increasing the representativeness of union leadership. As an ancillary goal (not explicitly stated in King's call), I test various intersectional accounts of experiences of racism across ethnicity and gender and find commonality across difference. Employing appropriate (Bayesian) methods offers intersectional researchers with the opportunity to examine such similarities across social categories that may form the basis for action against common systems of oppression–echoing King's own practice of intersectional solidarity.
Pacemaker memory in post‐TAVI patients: Who should benefit from permanent pacemaker implantation?
Authors: Mirolo Adrian , Viart Guillaume , Durand Eric , Savouré Arnaud , Godin Bénédicte , Auquier Nathanaël , Raitière Olivier , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Anselme Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most frequent complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the occurrence of atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorders secondary to AV node or His bundle injury leading to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). The objective was to quantify the rate of ventricular pacing (VP), according to post‐TAVI indication for PPI using recorded pacemaker memory.MethodsFrom October 2009 to January 2017‚ all patients who had PPI following TAVI performed at Rouen University Hospital were included. Indications for PPI were: ≥ 1 episode of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) or 2:1 atrioventricular block, and new‐onset persistent left bundle branch block (NOP‐LBBB) with either prolonged PR interval (> 200 ms) or HV interval (>70 ms). The primary endpoint was VP percentage at the first pacemaker interrogation (a VP percentage ≥ 1% was considered as significant).ResultsOut of 936 TAVI patients (Sapien‐3‚ n = 379 [Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA]; Sapien‐XT‚ n = 513; CoreValve‚ n = 44, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA), 87 (9.3%) had PPI. Eighty of these 87 patients were followed‐up and analyzed. At the first pacemaker interrogation, a significant VP percentage was observed in 60/80 followed‐up patients (75%), in 46/51 patients (90.2%) implanted for CAVB, and 12/23 patients (52.2%) implanted for NOP‐LBBB associated with either prolonged PR or HV interval. No clinical predictive factor of significant VP percentage was found.ConclusionIn the post‐TAVI period, our data support PPI in patients with CAVB even if paroxysmal. Our data also suggest PPI may be considered in patients with NOP‐LBBB associated with either prolonged PR or HV interval.
Absence of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in ventricular fibrillation and nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Wong Michael C. G. , Elliott Jessica K. , Costello Benedict T. , Prabhu Sandeep , Mariani Justin A. , Kalman Jonathan M. , Kistler Peter M. , Taylor Andrew J. , Morton Joseph B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)‐identified late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), representing regional fibrosis, is often used to predict ventricular arrhythmia risk in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). However, LGE is more closely correlated with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) than ventricular fibrillation (VF). We characterized CMR findings of ventricular LGE in VF survivors.MethodsWe examined consecutively resuscitated VF survivors undergoing contrast‐enhanced 1.5T CMR between 9/2007 and 7/2016. We excluded coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, amyloid, sarcoid, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and channelopathy. Preexisting implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) was a CMR contraindication. VF patients were divided into three groups: (1) NICM, (2) left ventricular (LV) dilatation with normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and (3) normal LV size and LVEF. Two groups of NICM patients with and without SMVT were examined for comparison.ResultsWe analyzed 87 VF patients, and found that LGE was seen in 8/22 (36%) with NICM (LVEF 38 ± 11%, LV end‐diastolic volume index [LVEDVI] 134 ± 68 mL/BSA), 11/40 (28%) with LV dilatation and normal LVEF (LVEDVI 103 ± 17 mL/BSA), 4/25 (16%) with normal LV size and LVEF. Incidence of LGE in NICM patients without prior ventricular tachycardia/VF (LVEF 36 ± 12%, LVEDVI 141 ± 46 mL/body surface area [BSA]) was 117/277 and was not lower than those with VF and NICM (42% vs 36%; P = 0.59). By contrast, 22/37 NICM patients with SMVT (LVEF 42 ± 11%, LVEDVI 123 ± 48 mL/BSA) were LGE‐positive (59% NICM‐SMVT vs 36% NICM‐VF; P = 0.04).ConclusionMost VF survivors with a diagnosis of NICM did not have LGE on CMR and would not have met primary prevention ICD criteria based on LVEF. Absence of LGE may not portend a benign prognosis in NICM. Novel strategies for determining SCD risk in this cohort are required.
Variable effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on physiological and molecular measures of root and stomatal conductance of diverse Medicago truncatula accessions
Authors: Watts‐Williams Stephanie J. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Tyerman Stephen D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAssociation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can impact on plant water relations; mycorrhizal plants can exhibit increased stomatal conductance (gs) and root hydraulic conductance (normalized to root dry weight, Lo), and altered expression of aquaporins (AQP). Many factors regulate such responses; however, plant intraspecific diversity effects have yet to be explored. Twenty geographically diverse accessions of Medicago truncatula were inoculated with the AMF Funneliformis mosseae or mock‐inoculated, and grown under well‐watered conditions. Biomass, gs, shoot nutrient concentrations and mycorrhizal colonization were measured in all accessions, and Lo and gene expression in five accessions. The diverse accessions varied in physiology and gene expression; some accessions were also larger or had higher gs when colonized by F. mosseae. In the five accessions, Lo was higher in two accessions when colonized by AMF and also maintained within a much smaller range than the mock‐inoculated plants. Expression of MtPIP1 correlated with both gs and Lo, and when plants were more than 3% colonized, mycorrhizal colonization correlated with Lo. Accession and AMF treatments had profound effects on M. truncatula, including several measures of plant water relations. Correlations between response variables, especially between molecular and physiological variables, across genotypes, highlight the findings of this study.
Bridging critical institutionalism and fragmented authoritarianism in China: An analysis of centralized water policies and their local implementation in semi‐arid irrigation districts
Authors: Wang Raymond Yu , Liu Tao , Dang Heping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to bridge critical institutionalism and fragmented authoritarianism in China. Moving beyond the predictive functionalist perspective and the overemphasis on state primacy, the paper focuses on how top‐down water policies are exercised by local agencies, collective communities, and individuals at the county level and below. Through a case of irrigation management in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, this paper posits that institutional bricolage and fragmentation are prevalent despite the imposition of the authoritarian state. Moreover, it shows that local water policy implementation is reshaped by various contested discourse, the pursuit of different interests, social relations, and broad transformative forces. This high degree of diversity not only manifests an increasing institutional flexibility, as water policies are operated outside China's hierarchical bureaucratic system, but also is embedded in an era of socio‐economic transformation where the processes of industrialization, urbanization, and neo‐liberalization have changed the dynamics of rural governance.
Can tariffs be used to enforce Paris climate commitments?
Authors: Winchester Niven 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the potential of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) and strategic tariffs to compel noncompliant countries to meet emission reduction targets pledged under the Paris Climate Agreement. Our analysis employs a numerical economy‐wide model with energy sector detail and, given recent actions by the US administration, considers BCAs on US exports. We find that when the US does not restrict emissions and faces BCAs on its exports, US welfare losses are smaller than when the US meets its Paris commitments. Hence, BCAs are preferable for the US and cannot be used to enforce Paris climate commitments. The use of strategic tariffs, on the contrary, would result in a trade war and a larger welfare decrease in US welfare than when it meets its Paris commitments. Strategic tariffs also decrease welfare in countries that meet their Paris pledges. Accordingly, strategic tariffs, which are much higher than BCA rates, can be used to enforce Paris climate commitments if compliant countries are willing to incur welfare losses to punish non‐compliant countries.
Ongoing Transposon-Mediated Genome Reduction in the Luminous Bacterial Symbionts of Deep-Sea Ceratioid Anglerfishes
Authors: Hendry Tory A. , Freed Lindsay L. , Fader Dana , Fenolio Danté , Sutton Tracey T. , Lopez Jose V. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Diverse marine fish and squid form symbiotic associations with extracellular bioluminescent bacteria. These symbionts are typically free-living bacteria with large genomes, but one known lineage of symbionts has undergone genomic reduction and evolution of host dependence. It is not known why distinct evolutionary trajectories have occurred among different luminous symbionts, and not all known lineages previously had genome sequences available. In order to better understand patterns of evolution across diverse bioluminescent symbionts, we
de novo
sequenced the genomes of bacteria from a poorly studied interaction, the extracellular symbionts from the “lures” of deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes. Deep-sea anglerfish symbiont genomes are reduced in size by about 50% compared to free-living relatives. They show a striking convergence of genome reduction and loss of metabolic capabilities with a distinct lineage of obligately host-dependent luminous symbionts. These losses include reductions in amino acid synthesis pathways and abilities to utilize diverse sugars. However, the symbiont genomes have retained a number of categories of genes predicted to be useful only outside the host, such as those involved in chemotaxis and motility, suggesting that they may persist in the environment. These genomes contain very high numbers of pseudogenes and show massive expansions of transposable elements, with transposases accounting for 28 and 31% of coding sequences in the symbiont genomes. Transposon expansions appear to have occurred at different times in each symbiont lineage, indicating either independent evolutions of reduction or symbiont replacement. These results suggest ongoing genomic reduction in extracellular luminous symbionts that is facilitated by transposon proliferations.

IMPORTANCE
Many female deep-sea anglerfishes possess a “lure” containing luminous bacterial symbionts. Here we show that unlike most luminous symbionts, these bacteria are undergoing an evolutionary transition toward small genomes with limited metabolic capabilities. Comparative analyses of the symbiont genomes indicate that this transition is ongoing and facilitated by transposon expansions. This transition may have occurred independently in different symbiont lineages, although it is unclear why. Genomic reduction is common in bacteria that only live within host cells but less common in bacteria that, like anglerfish symbionts, live outside host cells. Since multiple evolutions of genomic reduction have occurred convergently in luminous bacteria, they make a useful system with which to understand patterns of genome evolution in extracellular symbionts. This work demonstrates that ecological factors other than an intracellular lifestyle can lead to dramatic gene loss and evolutionary changes and that transposon expansions may play important roles in this process.
Is water carriage associated with the water carrier’s health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Geere Jo-Anne Lee , Cortobius Moa , Geere Jonathan Harold , Hammer Charlotte Christiane , Hunter Paul R 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionThe work of carrying water falls mainly on women and children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and rural areas. While concerns have been raised, how water carriage is associated with health of the water carrier is not clear. The aim of this review is to summarise evidence on whether, and how, water carriage is associated with the water carrier’s health.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted, searching Embase; Medline; Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index; Web of Science Arts and Humanities Citation Index; International Initiative for Impact Evaluation website; WHO Virtual Health Sciences Library and WHO African index medicus, from inception to 8 November 2017.ResultsForty-two studies were included. Their ability to demonstrate cause and effect relationships was limited by study design and fair or poor methodological quality. Overall, the studies suggest that water carriage is associated with negative aspects of the water carriers’ health. There is moderate quantitative and strong qualitative evidence that water carriage is associated with pain, fatigue, perinatal health problems and violence against vulnerable people, and inconclusive evidence of an association with stress or self-reported mental health and general health status.ConclusionIn many circumstances, water carriage is a potential barrier to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 target ‘universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’ and SDG 3 ‘ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’. Efforts should focus on providing water on premises, and where this is not possible, providing water close to home and reducing risk of gender-based violence.