bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emissions and Microseismicity in Granular Slopes Prior to Failure and Flow‐Like Motion: The Potential for Early Warning
Authors: Hu Wei , Scaringi Gianvito , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRain‐triggered landslides in loosely packed granular deposits are highly hazardous because of their sudden failure, flow‐like motion, and high mobility. Predicting their initiation and establishing monitoring and early‐warning strategies based on the actual mechanisms of failure, rather than on statistical‐empirical relations, can be challenging. Experiments on artificial granular slopes revealed a systematic instability‐triggering process entailing the internal erosion and seepage‐driven transport of small grains. This rearrangement of matter generates acoustic signals and microseismicity detectable prior to any pore water pressures spikes or macroscopic deformations, which are common proxies for slope stability monitoring. Acoustic emissions are more pronounced in loose assemblies, while they are much weaker in densely packed mixtures, which will not exhibit fluid‐like motion. Acoustic sensors and accelerometers in support to monitoring networks for flow‐like landslides can improve our early warning capabilities, as long as their good performance is confirmed in real‐scale applications.
Examining Wave Vector and Minimum Cyclotron Resonant Electron Energy of EMIC Waves With Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Liu Si , Zhang Jian , Chen Lunjin , Zhu Hui , He Zhaoguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWave number vectors k and minimum cyclotron resonant electron energies Emin of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are analyzed via the phase differencing technique by using Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission data. It is demonstrated that the phase differencing method provides an estimate of the dominant wave number when finite k spectrum broadenings occur. A case study is conducted for the EMIC event on 20 November 2015, showing remarkable agreements with spectral analysis in wave propagation directions. We find that obtained wave vectors, roughly agreeing with the validity of cold plasma theory, might significantly vary from wave packet to wave packet. Numerical calculations indicate that Emin can range from 0.5 to tens of MeV, suggesting that EMIC waves can effectively interact with those relativistic electrons. This study enriches our understanding of the applicability of phase differencing. It further supports that EMIC waves can be responsible for the loss of electrons with an extremely broad energy range in the magnetosphere.
A Baseline for the Predictability of U.S. Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Koshak William J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe product of convective available potential energy and precipitation rate is used as a proxy for U.S. cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning. The proxy is computed from numerical weather prediction model outputs and thus provides a simple method for producing CG lightning threat forecasts. Here three types of forecasts are considered: number of CG flashes, spatial extent of CG lightning occurrence, and lightning/no lightning maps at 1∘×1∘ resolution. Forecasts have statistically significant skill for lead times up to 15 days depending on the type of forecast. Verification of the forecasts over the United States provides a predictability baseline against which other approaches can be compared.
Evidence for Changes in Arctic Cloud Phase Due to Long‐Range Pollution Transport
Authors: Coopman Q. , Riedi J. , Finch D. P. , Garrett T. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReduced precipitation rates allow pollution within air parcels from midlatitudes to reach the Arctic without being scavenged. We use satellite and tracer transport model data sets to evaluate the degree of supercooling required for 50% of a chosen ensemble of low‐level clouds to be in the ice phase for a given meteorological regime. Our results suggest that smaller cloud droplet effective radii are related to higher required amounts of supercooling but that, overall, pollution plumes from fossil fuel combustion lower the degree of supercooling that is required for freezing by approximately 4 °C. The relationship between anthropogenic plumes and the freezing transition temperature from liquid to ice remains to be explained.
The Impact of Slab Rollback on Earth's Surface: Uplift and Extension in the Hinterland of the North American Cordillera
Authors: Cassel Elizabeth J. , Smith M. Elliot , Jicha Brian R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSlab rollback processes alter the intraplate force balance and buoyancy of the overriding plate, driving surface uplift or extension. From ca. 55–24 Ma, Farallon slab rollback produced migrating volcanism and sedimentation across the western United States as stress on the North American plate transitioned from subduction‐driven compression to widespread extension. Hypotheses regarding rollback‐driven surface deformation differ widely in timing and magnitude. Here we combine hydrogen isotope ratios with high‐resolution geochronology to show that a high‐elevation plateau extended westward from the Sevier‐Laramide fold‐thrust belt across Utah and eastern Nevada prior to slab rollback. Quantitative paleoelevation estimates show that this plateau had obtained over 80% of peak paleoelevations by middle Eocene. Slab rollback, heating, and lithospheric delamination generated 400–600 m of Oligocene surface uplift. Concurrent extension limited overall uplift and rollback‐induced mantle flow likely contributed to the propagation of upper crustal extension that formed the Basin and Range province.
Global Distribution of Proton Rings and Associated Magnetosonic Wave Instability in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Ouyang Zhihai , Yu Xiongdong , Huang Shiyong , Yao Fei , Funsten H. O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing the Van Allen Probe‐A observations, we obtained the global distribution of proton rings and calculated the linear wave growth rate of fast magnetosonic (MS) waves in the region L ~3–6. Our statistical and calculated results demonstrate that MS waves can be locally excited on the dayside outside the plasmapause, as well as in the dusk sector inside the plasmapause. The frequency range of unstable MS waves is strongly modulated by the ratio of the proton ring velocity (Vr) to the local Alfvén speed (VA). High harmonic MS waves (ω > 20ΩH+) can be excited outside the plasmapause where Vr/VA < 1, while low harmonic MS waves (ω < 10ΩH+) with frequencies less than ~30 Hz are found to be excited both outside and inside the plasmapause where 1 < Vr/VA < 2.
Constraining the Dip of Shallow, Shallowly Dipping Thrust Events Using Long‐Period Love Wave Radiation Patterns: Applications to the 25 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, and 4 May 2018 Hawaii Island Earthquakes
Authors: Lay Thorne , Ye Lingling , Kanamori Hiroo , Satake Kenji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConstraining precise faulting geometry for shallow, shallowly dipping thrust earthquakes is a common challenge. Plate boundary megathrust faults near the trench and décollement faults beneath volcanic islands and nappes may dip only a few degrees. Long‐period point source moment tensor waveform inversions provide limited resolution of shallow fault dip angle. The possibility of splay faulting requires precise dip estimation. High sensitivity to dip is provided by long‐period Love wave amplitude azimuthal radiation patterns, which undergo rapid change from four lobed to two lobed as dip decreases from 10° to 0°. Modeling variability in Love wave nodal amplitudes allows the dip to be determined to within a few degrees. This is demonstrated for the 25 October 2010 Mentawai (MWW 7.8) tsunami earthquake, which ruptured the 2.0–5.0° dipping megathrust beneath the shallow sedimentary wedge offshore of Indonesia, and the 4 May 2018 Hawaii Island (MWW 6.9) thrust earthquake, which ruptured the 2.5–7.5° dipping décollement under the island flank.
Hydrological Interpretation of a Statistical Measure of Basin Complexity
Authors: Pande Saket , Moayeri Mehdi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper studies how streamflow predictability varies with basin characteristics. We introduce an index of basin complexity that is based on a model of least statistical complexity that is needed to reliably predict daily streamflow of the basin. We then relate it with climate, vegetation and soil characteristics of the basin. Daily streamflow is modeled using k nearest neighbor model of lagged streamflow that predicts next time step streamflow based on the occurrences of similar streamflow events from the past. In order to calculate basin complexity, we identify difficult streamflow events of the basin and then use Vapnik‐Chervonenkis generalization theory, which trades off model performance with Vapnik‐Chervonenkis dimension (i.e., a measure of model complexity), to find a k nearest neighbor model of appropriate complexity for predicting a difficult streamflow event of the basin. The average of selected model complexities corresponding to difficult events is then defined as the basin's complexity. Basin complexity of 412 Model Parameter Estimation Experiment basins from continental United States are then related with its six basin characteristics. All the characteristics have been derived from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment database to represent climate, vegetation and soil characteristics of the basins in a concise manner. Results find that more complex basins that are drier have less seasonal rainfall, vegetation with more storage capacity (i.e., smaller 5‐week Normalized Difference Vegetation Index gradient), and faster responsive soils. The results reaffirm prior observations that minimum complexity that is required to model a basin depends on its climate and landscape characteristics (e.g., complex models do not perform well in dry basins).
Responses of Unimpaired Flows, Storage, and Managed Flows to Scenarios of Climate Change in the San Francisco Bay‐Delta Watershed
Authors: Knowles N. , Cronkite‐Ratcliff C. , Pierce D. W. , Cayan D. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProjections of meteorology downscaled from global climate model runs were used to drive a model of unimpaired hydrology of the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed, which in turn drove models of operational responses and managed flows. Twenty daily climate change scenarios for water years 1980–2099 were evaluated with the goal of producing inflow boundary conditions for a watershed sediment model and for a hydrodynamical model of the San Francisco Bay‐Delta estuary. The resulting time series of meteorology, snowpack, unimpaired flow, reservoir storage, and managed flow were analyzed for century‐scale trends. In the Sacramento basin, which dominates Bay‐Delta inflows, all 20 scenarios portrayed warming trends (with a mean of 4.1 °C) and most had precipitation increases (with a mean increase of 9%). Sacramento basin snowpack water equivalent declined sharply (by 89%), which was associated with a major shift toward earlier unimpaired runoff timing (33% more flow arriving prior to 1 April). Sacramento basin reservoirs showed large declines in end‐of‐September storage. Water‐year averaged outflows increased for most scenarios for both unimpaired and impaired flows, and frequency of extremely high daily unimpaired and impaired flows increased (increases of 175% and 170%, respectively). Managed Delta inflows were projected to experience large increases in the wet season and declines in the dry season. Changes in management strategy and infrastructure can mitigate some of these changes, though to what degree is uncertain.
Targeting proteasome-associated deubiquitinases as a novel strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Xia Xiaohong , Liao Yuning , Guo Zhiqiang , Li Yanling , Jiang Lili , Zhang Fangcheng , Huang Chuyi , Liu Yuan , Wang Xuejun , Liu Ningning , Liu Jinbao , Huang Hongbiao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ERα) is expressed in ~67% of breast cancers and is critical to their proliferation and progression. The expression of ERα is regarded as a major prognostic marker, making it a meaningful target to treat breast cancer (BCa). However, hormone receptor-positive BCa was sometimes irresponsive or even resistant to classic anti-hormonal therapies (e.g., fulvestrant and tamoxifen). Hence, novel anti-endocrine therapies are urgent for ERα+ BCa. A phase II study suggested that bortezomib, an inhibitor blocking the activity of 20 S proteasomes, intervenes in cancer progression for anti-endocrine therapy in BCa. Here we report that proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (USP14 and UCHL5) inhibitors b-AP15 and platinum pyrithione (PtPT) induce growth inhibition in ERα+ BCa cells. Further studies show that these inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis associated with caspase activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the downregulation of ERα. Moreover, we suggest that b-AP15 and PtPT block ERα signaling via enhancing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ERα and inhibiting the transcription of ERα. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that proteasome-associated deubiquitinases inhibitors b-AP15 and PtPT may have the potential to treat BCa resistant to anti-hormonal therapy.
CCL19 suppresses angiogenesis through promoting miR-206 and inhibiting Met/ERK/Elk-1/HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Zhuoqing , Zhu Congcong , Chen Chun , Zong Yaping , Feng Hao , Liu Di , Feng Wenqing , Zhao Jingkun , Lu Aiguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the role of chemokines in tumor angiogenesis is still not fully understood. In this study, we detected the influence of CCL19 on colorectal cancer (CRC) angiogenesis. The expression of CCL19 and CD31 in CRC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Human CRC cell lines SW1116 and SW620 stably transfected with CCL19 lentivirus and CCL19 shRNA, and HUVEC stably transfected with CCR7 shRNA were used in our study. Our study showed that CCL19 was significantly low-expressed in CRC tissues and positively related to highly tumor microvessel density. In vitro, we observed that CCL19 high-expressed SW1116 supernatant was able to inhibit proliferation, migration, and sprouting responses of HUVEC, whereas CCL19 low-expressed SW620 supernatant can promote HUVEC angiogenesis. Additionally, we further demonstrated that these functions maybe achieved through promoting miR-206 thus inhibiting Met/ERK/Elk-1/HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway in a CCR7-dependent manner. Mice angiogenesis model also confirmed that elevated expression of CCL19 inhibit the angiogenesis of CRC in vivo. In summary, our results supported that CCL19 can inhibit CRC angiogenesis through promoting miR-206 thus inhibiting Met/ERK/Elk-1/HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway. This may be a novel therapeutic option for anti-vascular treatment in CRC.
HGK-sestrin 2 signaling-mediated autophagy contributes to antitumor efficacy of Tanshinone IIA in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Yen Jia-Hau , Huang Sheng-Teng , Huang Hung-Sen , Fong Yi-Chin , Wu Yi-Ying , Chiang Jen-Huai , Su Yuan-Chih 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTanshinone IIA (TIIA) is a diterpenoid naphthoquinone isolated from the herb Salvia miltiorrhiza with antitumor effects manifested at multiple levels that are mechanistically obscure. In our previous studies, we illustrated that TIIA treatment triggered apoptosis in human osteosarcoma 143B cells both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied with mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, the overall survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma who were randomly recruited to S. miltiorrhiza treatment was significantly higher than those without. Pursuing this observation, we evaluated the potential effect of TIIA on autophagy induction in osteosarcoma both in vivo and in vitro. We discovered that TIIA inhibited osteosarcoma cell survival through class I PI3K and Akt signaling pathways. In contrast, expression of class III PI3K required in the early stages of autophagosome generation was predominantly enhanced by TIIA treatment. Our study indicated that treatment of TIIA effectively induced autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells, which contributed to the blockade of anchorage-independent growth of osteosarcoma cells and ameliorated tumor progression in NOD/SCID mice. We demonstrated that TIIA-mediated autophagy occurred in a sestrin 2 (SESN2)-dependent but not Beclin 1-dependent manner. In addition, we defined the activation of HGK (MAP4K4 or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase)/SAPK/JNK1/Jun kinase pathways in upregulating transcription of SESN2, in which TIIA triggered HGK/JNK1-dependent Jun activation and led to increased Jun recruitment to AP-1-binding site in the SESN2 promoter region. Our results offer novel mechanistic insight into how TIIA inhibits osteosarcoma growth and suggest TIIA as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.
SIRT1 suppresses the migration and invasion of gastric cancer by regulating ARHGAP5 expression
Authors: Dong Guoying , Wang Bo , An Yifei , Li Juan , Wang Xin , Jia Jihui , Yang Qing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) ranks among the top five malignant tumors worldwide by the incidence and mortality rate. However, the mechanisms underlying its progression are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT1, a class III deacetylase, in the invasion and metastasis of GC. Here, we found that knockdown of SIRT1 promoted GC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Forced expression of SIRT1 in GC cells had the opposite effects. Then, we used mRNA microarray to identify the target genes that are regulated by SIRT1 and found that ARHGAP5 was downregulated by SIRT1. The results of the mRNA microarray were confirmed in several GC cell lines. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibited the expression of ARHGAP5 by physically associating with transcription factor c-JUN and deacetylating and inhibiting the transcriptional activity of c-JUN. Then the expression dynamics and clinical significance of ARHGAP5 were analyzed using clinical samples and database. The expression of ARHGAP5 was increased in GC, and positively correlated with tumor size, tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. And multivariate analyses indicated that ARHGAP5 served as an independent prognostic marker of GC. In addition, the biological effects of ARHGAP5 in SIRT1-mediated inhibition of GC migration and invasion were investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Silencing of ARHGAP5 considerably inhibited the migration and invasion of GC, and ARHGAP5 was found to be involved in the SIRT1-mediated inhibition of GC migration and invasion. Our results indicate that SIRT1 suppresses migration and invasion of GC by downregulating ARHGAP5 through an interaction with c-JUN, and these phenomena represent a novel mechanism of the antitumor action of SIRT1.
Detailed description and analysis of the cross‐coupling magnetic saturation on permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Shi Yu , Chai Jianyun , Sun Xudong , Mu Shujun 
Published: September 2018

Permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has obtained more attention, acquired more applications, and received great reputation due to its high torque density and simple structure. While exploiting its high torque capability, PMSM's control strategy faces great challenge at high overload scenario due to core‐saturation effect. This study presents a detailed physical description and analysis on the effect of cross‐coupling magnetic saturation in PMSM. Applying the conventional i d  = 0 control strategy on a 1.5 MW surface mounted permanent‐magnet synchronous generator, this study discusses the cause and influence of cross‐coupling effect, presents the unbalanced magnetic permeance between direct ‐(d ‐) and quadrature‐(q ‐)axis magnetic circuit. Either d ‐ or q ‐axis electromotive force (mmf) would generate both d ‐ and q ‐axis flux, especially those induced by permanent magnets. Then a permeance‐fixed finite‐element analysis is applied to separate the influence between permanent magnets and armature current. Finally, this study proposes a revised maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere trajectory for surface‐PMSM at high overload situation.
When is Alzheimer’s not dementia—Cochrane commentary on The National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Association Research Framework for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: McCleery Jenny , Flicker Leon , Richard Edo , Quinn Terence J 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEarly 2018 saw the release of new diagnostic guidance on Alzheimer’s disease from the National Institute on Ageing and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA). This proposed research framework represents a fundamental change in how we think about Alzheimer’s disease, moving from diagnosis based on clinical features to diagnosis based solely on biomarkers. These recommendations are contentious and have important implications for patients, clinicians, policy makers and the pharmaceutical industry. In this commentary, we offer a summary of the NIA-AA research framework. We then focus on five key areas: divorcing neuropathology from the clinical syndrome; the emphasis placed on one dementia subtype; validity of available biomarkers; the changing meaning of the term ‘Alzheimer’s disease’; and the potential for a research framework to influence clinical practice.
Effects of Cannabis Use and Subclinical ADHD Symptomology on Attention Based Tasks in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Wallace Alexander L , Wade Natasha E , Hatcher Kelah F , Lisdahl Krista M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
Research has demonstrated comorbidity between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use, and some have proposed that subclinical ADHD symptoms may explain attentional deficits in cannabis users. Here we investigated whether subclinical ADHD symptoms and cannabis use independently or interactively predict performance on attention tasks in adolescents and young adults.

Method
Seventy-two participants (cannabis users (MJ) = 34, Controls = 38) completed neuropsychological tasks of inhibition and attention. Parent report on the Child Behaviors Checklist reflected current ADHD symptoms. Multiple regression analyses examined whether ADHD symptoms and cannabis use independently or interactively predicted cognitive outcomes.

Results
Cannabis use was significantly associated with slower CPT hit rate response. Subclinical ADHD symptoms did not independently predict or moderate cannabis effects.

Conclusions
Cannabis users demonstrated slower response rate during an attentional task. Subclinical ADHD symptoms did not predict any deficits. As such, attention deficits seen in cannabis users are more related to substance use than ADHD symptomatology.