bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of maternal and paternal height and weight on antenatal, perinatal and postnatal morphology in sex‐stratified analyses
Authors: Skåren Lise , Davies Braidy , Bjørnerem Åshild 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionLow birthweight is associated with diseases later in life. The mechanisms for these associations are not well known. If the hypothesis concerning “maternal constraint” is correct for humans, as shown in animal experiments, we expect the maternal, not paternal, body proportions to influence antenatal growth and those of both parents to influence postnatal growth. We aimed to study the effect of maternal and paternal height and weight on fetal femur length antenatally (gestational weeks 20 and 30) and body length and weight at birth and postnatally (12 and 24 months old) in both sexes.Material and methodsIn this prospective cohort study, 399 healthy pregnant women aged 20‐42 years were recruited at The Mercy Hospital for Woman, Melbourne, Australia from 2008 to 2009. Fetal femur length was measured using antenatal ultrasound (gestational weeks 20 and 30). Body length and weight were measured for parents and offspring at birth and postnatally (12 and 24 months).ResultsEach standard deviation (SD) rise in maternal weight (15.5 kg) was associated with 0.24 SD (0.5 mm) and 0.18 SD (0.4 mm) longer femur length in female and male fetuses at week 20 and 0.17 SD (0.5 mm) and 0.38 SD (1.1 mm) longer femur length in female and male fetuses at week 30, respectively. In girls, each SD rise in paternal height (7.2 cm) was associated with 0.29 SD (0.6 cm) longer birth length. In boys, each SD rise in maternal height (6.7 cm) was associated with 0.23 SD (0.5 cm) longer birth length. In both sexes, parental height and weight were associated with offspring length and weight at 12 and 24 months (SD ranging from 0.20 to 0.38, length from 0.7 to 1.5 cm and weight from 0.3 to 0.6 kg). The multivariable linear regression analyses were adjusted for parental age, height and weight, maternal smoking, alcohol intake, parity, and ethnicity, all P < 0.05.ConclusionsMaternal, not paternal, body proportions determined fetal growth in both sexes. Paternal height predicted birth length in girls. In contrast, maternal height predicted birth length in boys. Both parents predicted postnatal body proportions at 12 and 24 months in both sexes.
Grandmultiparity, maternal age, and the risk for uterine rupture—A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Hochler Hila , Wainstock Tamar , Lipschuetz Michal , Sheiner Eyal , Ezra Yossef , Yagel Simcha , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionUterine rupture is a critical complication causing fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Data are conflicting regarding whether grandmultiparity (parity ≥ 6) is a risk factor. This multicenter cohort study aimed to determine whether grandmultiparity (parity ≥ 6) poses a risk for uterine rupture in women with no previous cesarean delivery.Material and methodsA multicenter retrospective study of deliveries that occurred between the years 2003 and 2015 in three tertiary medical centers. Deliveries of grandmultiparous women were compared with those of multiparous women (parity 2‐5). Women with previous cesarean deliveries were excluded. Multivariable regression modeling was applied to control for possible confounders.ResultsA total of 388 784 deliveries of multiparous women with unscarred uteri were recorded during the study period, including 53 965 deliveries of grandmultiparous women and 334 819 deliveries of multiparous women. Grandmultiparous women were significantly older (33.9 ± 5 vs 27.3 ± 5 years; P < 0.0001). Fourteen cases of uterine rupture were recorded in the grandmultiparae group (1 per 3855 labors) vs 41 in the multiparae group (1 per 8166 labors) (odds ratio [OR] 2.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13‐3.81; P = 0.030). However, in a multivariable model controlling for maternal age, the association between grandmultiparity and uterine rupture lost its significance (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.66‐2.41; P = 0.491), and maternal age emerged as an independent predictor of uterine rupture (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04‐1.13; P < 0.0001). Additionally, the risk for uterine rupture was elevated in a linear fashion, concomitant with age.ConclusionsMaternal age is a risk factor for uterine rupture. Grandmultiparity does not increase the risk beyond that associated with maternal age.
Effect of chronic administration of a gonadotropin‐releasing agonist on luteal function and pregnancy rates in dairy cattle
Authors: Willmore Alan , Davis Tracy L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreased embryonic losses may be associated with inadequate progesterone (P4) concentrations in high‐producing lactating dairy cattle. The objectives of the present studies were to determine if chronic administration of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, Deslorelin, would increase circulating P4 concentrations and subsequently increase pregnancy rates in dairy cattle. Administration of Deslorelin for 12 days increased (p < .05) luteal volume and circulating P4 concentrations in primiparous lactating dairy cows, but increased only luteal volumes in multiparous cows. Treatment with Deslorelin increased Day 45 pregnancy rates in cows as compared to untreated controls. Chronic treatment with Deslorelin in dairy cattle; (a) increased luteal volume of the primary CL, (b) induced accessory CL, (c) increased circulating P4 concentration in primiparous cows only, (d) did not lengthen the estrous cycle upon removal of treatment, and (e) increased pregnancy rates. Although luteal volume was increased in multiparous cows and circulating P4 concentrations were not with Deslorelin treatment, there was an apparent effect on pregnancy rates. This hormonal strategy may represent a suitable model to address local effects of P4 and GnRH/luteinizing hormone on uterine environment and subsequent embryonic survival.
Chloroquine differentially modulates coronary vasodilation in control and diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tsuji‐Hosokawa Atsumi , Willson Conor , Watanabe Makiko , Si Rui , Lai Ning , Wang Ziyi , Yuan Jason X.‐J. , Wang Jian , Makino Ayako 
Published: September 2019

Background and PurposeChloroquine is a traditional medicine to treat malaria. There is increasing evidence that chloroquine not only induces phagocytosis but regulates vascular tone. Few reports investigating the effect of chloroquine on vascular responsiveness of coronary arteries have been made. In this study, we examined how chloroquine affected endothelium‐dependent relaxation in coronary arteries under normal and diabetic conditions.Experimental ApproachWe isolated coronary arteries from mice and examined endothelium‐dependent relaxation (EDR). Human coronary endothelial cells and mouse coronary endothelial cells isolated from control and diabetic mouse (TALLYHO/Jng [TH] mice, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model) were used for the molecular biological or cytosolic NO and Ca2+ measurements.Key ResultsChloroquine inhibited endothelium‐derived NO‐dependent relaxation but had negligible effect on endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH)‐dependent relaxation in coronary arteries of control mice. Chloroquine significantly decreased NO production in control human coronary endothelial cells partly by phosphorylating eNOSThr495 (an inhibitory phosphorylation site of eNOS) and attenuating the rise of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration after stimulation. EDR was significantly inhibited in diabetic mice in comparison to control mice. Interestingly, chloroquine enhanced EDR in diabetic coronary arteries by, specifically, increasing EDH‐dependent relaxation due partly to its augmenting effect on gap junction activity in diabetic mouse coronary endothelial cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data indicate that chloroquine affects vascular relaxation differently under normal and diabetic conditions. Therefore, the patients' health condition such as coronary macrovascular or microvascular disease, with or without diabetes, must be taken account into the consideration when selecting chloroquine for the treatment of malaria.
Empowerment in families raising a child with cerebral palsy during early childhood: Associations with child, family, and service characteristics
Authors: Kalleson Runa , Jahnsen Reidun , Østensjø Sigrid 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundInsight into family empowerment is important in order to develop and offer services that support and strengthen parents caring for a child with disability. The aims of this study were to describe empowerment trajectories among parents caring for a young child with cerebral palsy (CP) and to explore associations between parental empowerment and characteristics of the child and family and the services they receive.Methods58 children (median age at first assessment 28 months, range 12–57) and their parents were included in a longitudinal cohort study based on registry data from follow‐up programmes for children with CP in Norway. Parental empowerment trajectories were described by averaging scores in the three subscales of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES; family, service situations, and community) at enrollment and at semiannual/annual assessments. A linear mixed model was used to explore associations.ResultsParental empowerment scores on the FES in family and service situations were high and stable during early childhood, although considerably lower in the community context. In service situations, perceived empowerment was significantly associated with both child, family, and service characteristics, whereas empowerment in family situations was only associated with family characteristics. The service factor having a multidisciplinary support team was positively associated with perceived empowerment in both service situations and in the community.ConclusionKnowledge about parental empowerment in different contexts and associations with characteristics of the child and family and the services they receive can contribute to further reinforcing family empowerment and identifying parents in need of additional support.
How Adults’ Actions, Outcomes, and Testimony Affect Preschoolers’ Persistence
Authors: Leonard Julia A. , Garcia Andrea , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: September 2019

Across four experiments, we looked at how 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds' (n = 520) task persistence was affected by observations of adult actions (high or low effort), outcomes (success or failure), and testimony (setting expectations—“This will be hard,” pep talks—“You can do this,” value statements—“Trying hard is important,” and baseline). Across experiments, outcomes had the biggest impact: preschoolers consistently tried harder after seeing the adult succeed than fail. Additionally, adult effort affected children’s persistence, but only when the adult succeeded. Finally, children’s persistence was highest when the adult both succeeded and practiced what she preached: exerting effort while testifying to its value.
The Microalbuminuria Education Medication and Optimisation (MEMO) study: 4 years follow‐up of multifactorial intervention in high‐risk individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Crasto W. , Morrison A. E. , Gray L. J. , John E. , Jarvis J. , Brela J. , Khunti K. , Troughton J. , Lawrence I. G. , McNally P. G. , Davies M. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsThe Microalbuminuria Education Medication and Optimisation (MEMO) study, revealed improved cardiovascular risk and glycaemic control with 18 months of intensive multifactorial intervention in high‐risk people with type 2 diabetes, without any increase in severe hypoglycaemia. Our aim was to assess longer‐term outcomes at 4‐year follow‐up in these participants.MethodsSome 189 individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria were recruited from a multi‐ethnic population in Leicestershire, UK. The intervention group (n = 95) received multifactorial intervention with self‐management education, and the control group (n = 94) received usual care. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, microalbuminuria, estimated GFR, cardiovascular risk scores and major adverse cardiovascular events.ResultsSome 130 participants (68.7%), mean (sd) age 60.8 (10.4) years, duration of diabetes 11.5 (9.7) years, completed 4 years of follow‐up. Mean change [95% confidence intervals (CI)] in HbA1c over 4 years was greater with intensive intervention compared with control (−3 mmol/mol, 95% CI −4.95,−1.11; −0.4%, 95% CI −0.67,−0.15; P = 0.002). Significant improvements over the 4 years were also seen in systolic BP (−7.3 mmHg, 95% CI −11.1, −3.5; P < 0.001), diastolic BP (−2.9 mmHg, 95% CI −5.4, −0.3; P = 0.026), cholesterol (−0.3 mmol/l, 95% CI −0.52,−0.12; P = 0.002), and 10‐year coronary heart disease (−5.3, 95% CI −8.2,−2.3; P < 0.001) and stroke risk (−4.4, 95% CI −7.5, −1.3; P < 0.001).ConclusionMultifactorial intervention with structured diabetes self‐management education compared with usual diabetes care has benefits for cardio‐metabolic risk factor profile. There was no increase in severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular mortality despite intensive glycaemic control, although the study was not powered to assess these outcomes.
Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin and dapagliflozin on glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open‐label, active‐controlled, 12‐week study (STABLE II study)
Authors: Kwak Soo Heon , Hwang You‐Cheol , Won Jong Chul , Bae Ji Cheol , Kim Hyun Jin , Suh Sunghwan , Lee Eun Young , Lee Subin , Kim Sang‐Yong , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, and dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, on glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and methodsIn this randomized, blinded end point, multicentre clinical trial, we enrolled 71 patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin alone or were drug naïve. The participants were randomized to receive gemigliptin 50 mg (n = 35) or dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 36) daily for 12 weeks. Glycaemic variability was estimated by mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) using a 6‐day continuous glucose monitoring system. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in MAGE after 12 weeks compared to baseline.ResultsIntergroup differences in baseline characteristics were not significant. The adjusted mean change (± standard error) in MAGE after 12 weeks in the gemigliptin and dapagliflozin groups was −27.2 ± 4.4 mg/dL and −7.9 ± 4.9 mg/dL, respectively. Between‐group comparisons showed a significantly larger reduction in MAGE in the gemigliptin group (−19.2 mg/dL; 95% CI, −31.3 to −7.2; P = .002). Measures of SD and CV also showed a significantly larger reduction in the gemigliptin group. Average glycaemic control, estimated by HbA1c, fasting glucose and safety profiles, was comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared to dapagliflozin, gemigliptin significantly improved glycaemic variability, with similar glucose‐lowering efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin alone or were drug naïve.
Species associations and trait dissimilarity in communities of ectoparasitic arthropods harboured by small mammals at three hierarchical scales
Authors: Vinarski Maxim V. , Korallo‐Vinarskaya Natalia P. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Warburton Elizabeth M. , Surkova Elena N. , Khokhlova Irina S. , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: September 2019

1. This study tested the relationships between the probability of pairwise species co‐occurrence and pairwise dissimilarity in their traits in infracommunities (across assemblages harboured by conspecific individual hosts within a locality), component communities (across assemblages harboured by host species within a locality), and compound communities (across assemblages in different localities) of fleas and gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals in Western Siberia.2. A significant, albeit weak, tendency was found for flea communities harboured by conspecific host individuals, host species, and host communities to be composed of similar species. No relationship between the probability of co‐occurrence and trait dissimilarity was detected for mite communities at any hierarchical scale.3. For fleas, this study explained the link between positive co‐occurrence and trait dissimilarity by a process resembling environmental filtering realised mainly via host traits for infracommunities and component communities and via off‐host environment for compound communities, thus suggesting that the identical shape of the relationships between co‐occurrence and trait dissimilarity at different scales was driven by different mechanisms.4. The explanation of the lack of this relationship in mites included: (i) the paucity of the subset of mite traits used in this study and its potential inadequacy for the question at hand; and (ii) possible masking of the effect induced by one trait on co‐occurrence owing to the lack of this effect induced by another trait(s).5. Caution is recommended regarding the compilation of a dataset involving multiple traits, its analysis, and the interpretation of the results.
Social and role functioning in youth at risk of serious mental illness
Authors: Romanowska Sylvia , MacQueen Glenda , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Addington Jean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimFunctional impairment is common in serious mental illness (SMI). This study assessed social and role functioning in a sample of youth at risk of SMI who met different stages of risk based on a transdiagnostic clinical staging model described by McGorry and colleagues.MethodThe sample consisted of 243 male and female youths aged 12‐26 and included: non‐help‐seeking youth with risk factors (stage 0; n = 41); youth with mild symptoms (stage 1a; n = 52); youth with attenuated psychiatric syndromes (stage 1b; n = 108); and healthy controls (HCs; n = 42). Social and role functioning were assessed with the Global Functioning: Social and Role scales.ResultsParticipants in stage 1b (attenuated syndromes) had significantly poorer social and role functioning than stage 0 participants and HCs (P < .001) and poorer social functioning than stage 1a (P < .05). Stage 1a participants had significantly poorer social functioning than HCs (P < .01) and significantly poorer role functioning than stage 0 participants (P < .01). Participants in stages 1a and 1b did not significantly differ from each other in role functioning only.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that mild to moderate functional impairments are present in young people experiencing subthreshold psychiatric symptoms and distress in the absence of a diagnosable mental illness. Results partially validate the model in that social although not role functioning declines across the stages.
Plasmablastic lymphoma achieving sustained remission with antiretroviral therapy alone
Authors: Atallah‐Yunes Suheil Albert , Murphy Dermot , Abdelmalak Romany , Mantle Luke , Ali Syed S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite advances in the treatment of most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related lymphomas, the outcomes for patients with HIV‐related plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) remain poor. While studies have shown an increased survival for patients with most kinds of HIV‐related lymphomas since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the impact of HAART on survival in patients with HIV‐related PBL is unclear, mainly because the condition is rare and the number of published studies is small. Few case reports have shown regression of PBL after initiation of HAART, however, usually followed by recurrence of PBL or achieved with a need for chemotherapy. We report the first case of PBL in a 38‐year‐old man with newly diagnosed HIV who achieved sustained remission after the initiation of HAART alone and who remains in remission seven years after diagnosis, without a need for chemotherapy or radiation. We illustrate the importance of initiating HAART therapy under the supervision of infectious disease specialists as soon as the PBL is diagnosed until future studies provide clear evidence in the management of HIV‐related PBL.
Prediction of asymmetric cyclic‐plastic behaviour for cyclically stable non‐ferrous materials
Authors: Nath Atri , Barai Sudhirkumar V. , Ray Kalyan Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvestigation on asymmetric cyclic‐plastic or ratcheting behaviour of non‐ferrous materials has received relatively little attention compared with ferrous materials. Ratcheting behaviour of materials is generally simulated using isotropic‐kinematic hardening models; however, for materials showing cyclically stable response, isotropic hardening is often not accounted for the constitutive modelling. A methodology based on Chaboche's isotropic‐kinematic hardening (CIKH) model with the consideration of genetic algorithm for optimization of initial estimates of the CIKH parameters is used in this study. The investigated plastic responses incorporate both symmetric strain‐controlled hysteresis loops and ratcheting behaviour. The suggested approach satisfactorily predicts the reported plastic response of cyclically stable non‐ferrous alloys based on aluminum, zirconium, and titanium.
Influence of mode mixity and loading conditions on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of an epoxy adhesive
Authors: Monteiro Joao , Akhavan‐Safar Alireza , Carbas Ricardo , Marques Eduardo , Goyal Rakesh , El‐zein Mohamad , da Silva Lucas F.M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdhesive joints usually experience mixed mode and mostly cyclic stresses conditions during their service life. The aim of the current research is to investigate the fatigue behaviour of a structural epoxy adhesive. Pure modes I and II and mixed mode tests were carried out to study the fracture and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of the adhesive. Compliance‐based beam method was considered for experimental fracture energy measurement. The effects of load level and load ratio on the mode I FCG behaviour and Paris law parameters were also investigated. Result showed that the effect of load level on fatigue crack propagation is more pronounced for lower R ratios. It was found that when the crack faces are closer during the unloading process, the difference between the R2 and Gmin/Gmax is higher. Some possibilities are the crack closure phenomenon, difficulty in measuring the Gmin, and the employed data reduction approach.
Low‐cycle fatigue of IN 718: Effect of waveform
Authors: Barat Kaustav , Sivaprasad S. , Kar Sujoy Kumar , Tarafder Soumitra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe influence of various strain waveforms on the low‐cycle fatigue of IN 718 tested at 650°C has been investigated. The straining paths are accompanied by dwell‐induced creep component(s) or unequal strain distribution in different portions of cycles reducing strength of material. The investigation intends to clarify mainly mechanistic aspects of relaxation‐fatigue interaction. Features of time‐dependent effect induced by nonpeak dwell and the same accompanied by peak dwell, slow unloading from the peak to a lower strain, and different loading and unloading rates are compared in terms of stress amplitude responses, mean stress relaxation, hysteresis loops, life, and damage parameterDC‐F. Softening is common in all the cases, and degree of softening varies linearly with life. The energy‐based life prediction model has been found to work well for the data, and we have introduced energy fraction–based approach to observe simultaneous contribution from both creep and fatigue on life.