bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P–T evolution and episodic zircon growth in barroisite eclogites of the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Kim Yoonsup , Cho Moonsup , Lee Jong Ik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrograde P–T–t paths of eclogites are often ambiguous owing to high variance of mineral assemblages, large uncertainty in isotopic age determinations and/or variable degree of retrograde equilibration. We investigated these issues using the barroisite eclogites from the Lanterman Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, which are relatively uncommon but free of retrogression. These eclogites revealed three stages of prograde metamorphism, defining two distinctive P–T trajectories, M1–2 and M3. Inclusion minerals in garnet porphyroblasts suggest that initial prograde assemblages (M1) consist of garnet+omphacite+barroisite/Mg‐pargasite+epidote+phengite+paragonite+rutile/titanite+quartz, and subsequent M2 assemblages of garnet+omphacite+barroisite+phengite+rutile±quartz. The inclusion‐rich inner part of garnet porphyroblasts preserves a bell‐shaped Mn profile of the M1, whereas the inclusion‐poor outer part (M2) is typified by the outward decrease in Ca/Mg and XFe (=Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)) values. A pseudosection modelling employing fractionated bulk‐rock composition suggests that the eclogites have initially evolved from ~15 to 20 kbar and 520–570°C (M1) to ~22–25 kbar and 630–650°C (M2). The latter is in accordance with P–T conditions estimated from two independent geothermobarometers: the garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite (~25 ± 3 kbar and 660 ± 100°C) and Zr‐in‐rutile (~650–700°C at 22–27 kbar). The second segment (M3A–B) of prograde P–T path is recorded in the grossular‐rich overgrowth rim of garnet. Apart from disequilibrium growth of the M3A garnet, ubiquitous overgrowth of the M3B garnet permits us to estimate the P–T conditions at ~26 ± 3 kbar and 720 ± 80°C. The cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of zircon grains separated from a barroisite eclogite revealed three distinct zones with bright rim, dark mantle and moderately dark core. Eclogitic phases such as garnet, omphacite, epidote and rutile are present as fine‐grained inclusions in the mantle and rim of zircon, in contrast to their absence in the core. The sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb dating on metamorphic mantle domains and neoblasts yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 515 ± 4 Ma (tσ), representing the time of the M2 stage. On the other hand, overgrowth rims as well as bright‐CL neoblasts of zircon were dated at 498 ± 11 Ma (tσ), corresponding to the M3. Average burial rates estimated from the M2 and M3 ages are too low (<2 mm/year) for cold subduction regime (~5–10°C/km), suggesting that an exhumation stage intervened between two prograde segments of P–T path. Thus, the P–T–t evolution of barroisite eclogites is typified by two discrete episodes with an c. 15 Ma gap during the middle Cambrian subduction of the Antarctic Ross Orogeny.
Efficacy of mesotherapy with tranexamic acid and ascorbic acid with and without glutathione in treatment of melasma: A split face comparative trial
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Nasimi Mojtaba , Asilian Ali , Faghihi Gita , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Hafezi Hossein 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionMelasma is a prevalent annoying skin hyperpigmentation disorder that commonly involves reproductive‐aged females. Variety of treatments with controversial results has been recommended. The aim of the current study was to evaluate combination therapy of tranexamic acid (TA) and vitamin C with and without glutathione with mesotherapy technique for treatment of melasma.Methods and MaterialsThis is a randomized clinical trial study conducted on 30 patients referred to Dermatology Clinics. Patients were examined under wood lamp in order of melasma type (epidermal, dermal, or mixed) determination. Then, patients underwent melasma therapy using Cocktail A (TA 4 mg/mL; vitamin C 3% and glutathione 2%) on their right half of the face and Cocktail B (TA 4 mg/mL and vitamin C 3%) on their left half of the face, with mesotherapy technique. This procedure was done for six times with 2‐week intervals. Patients' modified Melasma Area and Severity Scoring (mMASI) was assessed at initiation and end of the study.ResultsAccording to mMASI score changes 12 weeks after intervention, both cocktails had significant efficacy in reduction of mMASI score in each side. Mean of mMASI in left side had decrease of 1.82 ± 0.88 (P‐value < 0.001) and in right side had decrease of 3.046 ± 1.25 (P‐value < 0.001) from base line. Comparison between two groups 12 weeks after treatment showed significantly more reduction (1.28 ± 0.64) of mMASI score with cocktail A than B (P‐value < 0.001). Erythema, edema, and ecchymosis was not significantly different among two cocktails (P‐value > 0.05).ConclusionUse of combination mesotherapy in treatment of melasma was accompanied with appropriate outcomes regardless of type of agents but treatment with glutathione containing cocktail A presented superior results compared with cocktail of TA and vitamin C but not glutathione.
Mentoring, Bullying, and Educational Outcomes Among US School‐Aged Children 6‐17 Years
Authors: Azuine Romuladus E. , Singh Gopal K. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEnsuring the optimum development of all children and their attainment of age‐appropriate educational outcomes is of great interest to public health researchers and professionals. Bullying and mentoring have opposite effects on child development and educational attainment. Mentoring exerts protective effects on youths against risky behaviors; however, the protective effects of community‐oriented natural or informal mentoring on educational outcomes and bullying are largely underexplored. We examine associations between mentoring, bullying, and educational outcomes among US school‐aged children 6‐17 years.METHODSWe analyzed the 2011‐2012 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 65,593) to estimate prevalence and odds of repeating a grade in school, lower school engagement, and bullying perpetration according to mentoring receipt and sociodemographic characteristics.RESULTSOverall, 5.4% of US school‐aged children without a mentor perpetrated bullying against other children; 11.4% repeated more than one grade in school; and 23.0% had low school engagement. Children without mentors had 2.1 and 1.3 times higher adjusted odds, respectively, of bullying other children and low school engagement than those with mentors. Proportion of children who bullied others or repeated grades was higher among minority children.CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate that mentoring may be a pathway for providing programs that prevent bullying and improve educational outcomes among school‐aged children.
Melatonin pharmacokinetics and dose extrapolation after enteral infusion in neonates subjected to hypothermia
Authors: Balduini Walter , Weiss Michael D. , Carloni Silvia , Rocchi Marco , Sura Livia , Rossignol Candace , Longini Mariangela , Bazzini Francesco , Perrone Serafina , Ott Deborah , Wadhawan Rajan , Buonocore Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionNeonates with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing hypothermia may benefit from adjunctive therapy with melatonin. However, melatonin safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and dosage in this sensitive population are still unknown.Methods and resultsThis study assessed the PK and safety of melatonin enteral administration to neonates with HIE undergoing hypothermia. Melatonin was infused at 0.5 mg/kg in five neonates with HIE undergoing hypothermia. Infusion started 1 hour after the neonates reached the target temperature of 33.5°C. Blood samples were collected before and at selective times after melatonin infusion. Abdominal complications or clinically significant changes in patients’ vital signs were not found during or after melatonin. The peak plasma concentration reached 0.25 µg/mL. The area under the curve in 24 hours was 4.35 µg/mL*h.DiscussionMelatonin half‐life and clearance were prolonged, and the distribution volume decreased compared to adults. In silico simulation estimated that the steady state can be reached after four infusions. Hypothermia does not affect melatonin PK. In humans high blood concentrations with lower doses can be achieved compared to animal experimentation, although intravenous administration is advised in the neonate population. Our study is a preparatory step for future clinical studies aimed at assessing melatonin efficacy in HIE.
Subjectivity in debate: Some reconstructed philosophical premises to advance its discussion in psychology
Authors: Gonzalez Rey Fernando 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe topic of subjectivity has been treated peripherally by philosophy. It has appeared in philosophy not as a specific human phenomenon, but attached to other concepts without specifying its ontological definition, such as intersubjectivity, the place of the Other in the emergence of the self, consciousness and so forth. This paper reconstructs some of the overlooked moments and ideas of several classical philosophers, such as Marx, Dewey, Merleau Ponty, Cassirer and Foucault, in order to identify in their works important antecedents to advance a different concept of subjectivity. The concepts and questions which are raised by those philosophers and which are revived in this paper have remained overlooked both by philosophy and psychology because of the lack of any representation of subjectivity capable of making them more visible. The ontological monopoly of language and discourse in explaining all human phenomena, taken together with the critique of theoretical systems and of epistemology, has found in social constructionism its strongest expression in psychology. The value of theoretical systems in generating intelligibility about complex and configurational phenomena is recovered, along with the need to develop new epistemologies capable of generating intelligibility on such systems. Finally, I argue that a new theoretical and epistemological avenue is opened up for the development of psychological thought.
The influence of ‘topic and resource’ on some aspects of social theorising
Authors: Dennis Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDevelopments in sociological theory since the 1960s have been responses to disciplinary problems rather than changes in fashion. The problem of topic and resource—where sociology has to use everyday understandings and practices as study resources even though they are legitimate topics of enquiry—has been an important and sometimes neglected spur to many of these developments. The turn to discourse, conversation analysis and the rise of Bourdieu's reflexivity are all attempts to address the problem, but each is shown to be unsatisfactory in different ways. In summary, they seek to address the issue as requiring either a principled methodological or a principled theoretical solution, and neither approach is capable of comprehensively addressing the matter. It is argued that these ‘solutions’ depend, in turn, on one of two particular construals of what the ‘problem’ consists in, neither of which is necessary or coherent. Each, it is argued, depends on a philosophical trick: making language out to need formal improvement (the Bertrand Russell trick) or introducing inappropriate scepticism to everyday life (the René Descartes trick). It is suggested that treating topic and resource not as a problem but as something which opens up new areas of investigation successfully deflates the issue and avoids unnecessary theoretical and methodological contortions.
Join to Prosper? An Empirical Analysis of EU Membership and Economic Growth
Authors: Andersen Thomas Barnebeck , Barslund Mikkel , Vanhuysse Pieter 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe explore whether EU membership has led to faster economic growth. Using different estimation strategies, different time periods, different country samples, and different datasets, we are unable to demonstrate the presence of a membership growth premium. This may reflect that GDP data are too noisy and/or causal identification too complicated, in which case we should remain agnostic about the EU's growth impact. Alternatively, it may reflect that EU membership simply has no effect on economic growth. Either way, these findings urge strong caution about one of EU membership's key alleged benefits: greater economic prosperity.
Pluractionality and distributive numerals
Authors: Kuhn Jeremy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCross‐linguistically, morphological marking on verbs and nouns can indicate that a plurality of events or individuals is distributed with respect to another plurality. In the verbal domain, these have been calledpluractionals; in the nominal domain, they have been calleddistributive numeralsordependent indefinites. This paper discusses recent semantic approaches to the cross‐domain parallels between the two phenomena. After establishing some formal and typological background, we introduce a number of recent compositional challenges that have been introduced by these patterns.
The Violation of God in the Body of the World: A Rahnerian Response to Trauma
Authors: Kidd Erin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe reality of trauma raises serious questions about the adequacy of Christian accounts of the subject, grace, and God. In this essay I argue that Karl Rahner’s theological anthropology provides helpful language for responding to trauma within Christian communities. Attention to the often‐ignored category of the “body” in Rahner’s work reveals a number of resources for thinking about and responding to human tragedy. Reading Rahner’s theology of freedom in light of his work on the body highlights Rahner’s own attention to the way freedom is threatened. It therefore provides an understanding of the human person and Christian community that can assist churches in preventing abuse and supporting survivors.
Can urinary histoplasma antigen test improve the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in a tuberculosis endemic region?
Authors: Bansal Nitin , Sethuraman Nandini , Gopalakrishnan Ram , Ramasubramanian Venkatasubramanian , Kumar D Suresh , Nambi P Senthur , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundMany patients with histoplasmosis are treated with anti‐tubercular therapy (ATT) in tuberculosis endemic regions as diagnosis of histoplasmosis requires invasive sampling. We sought to study the utility of urinary Histoplasma antigen detection test.MethodsCase records of patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis prior to (Period A) and after (Period B) introduction of urinary Histoplasma antigen detection test were analysed in this single centre retrospective study.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (18 in Period A, and 19 patients in Period B) were studied. There was nearly a threefold increase in diagnoses (from 0.39 cases to 1.18 cases per month) after the introduction of antigen test. Nine patients (24.3%) were immunocompromised (6 had HIV infection and 3 were on steroids), and 28 (75.6%) were immunocompetent. Empirical ATT had been given to 10 patients prior to histoplasmosis diagnosis. Invasive tissue sampling was required in only two patients in Period B to confirm the diagnosis. Immunocompromised patients were younger, were more likely to have skin and mucosal findings, anaemia and leucopenia as compared to immune‐competent patients.ConclusionThis study emphasises that histoplasmosis cases may be missed and patients may receive ATT unnecessarily. Histoplasma antigen increased the diagnostic yield by almost threefold in our study.
Nation‐building policies in the Balkans: an Ottoman or a manufactured legacy?
Authors: Mylonas Harris 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAre post‐Ottoman nation‐building policies in the Balkans a legacy of the millet system? Some contend that the discriminatory nation‐building policies along religious lines employed by Balkan nations ruling elites are a legacy of the Ottoman era millet system (administration by religious affiliation); others argue that the Ottoman legacy is palpable in the millet‐like features preserved in the minority rights protection system resulting from World War I, and yet other scholars see the millet system as a critical antecedent. Studying closely the policies towards non‐core groups in the post‐Ottoman Balkans, one finds that the ‘Ottoman legacy’ is much more differentiated than is commonly assumed and that effects vary widely from place to place. Moreover, I argue that the persistence of certain features from one period to another may be an actual legacy in some cases, but there is also a possibility that we are dealing with a manufactured legacy, where elites choose to intervene and perpetuate an institution or a particular feature of it. I empirically demonstrate this distinction in a crucial case using archival sources.
Anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody causes prolonged megacolon in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sugawara Masashiro , Obara Koji , Nakanishi Shinichi , Higuchi Osamu , Nakane Shunya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man who was diagnosed as having thoracic cord precedence type amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) received mandatory ventilation under tracheostomy 2.5 years after disease onset. Though mechanical ventilation increased the patient's gastrointestinal gas, oral ingestion was possible. Colon gas became conspicuous during the treatment, an enema was needed every day, and nutrition via enteron became difficult. Pupil abnormality, orthostatic hypotension, and abnormal sweating were not observed. After anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibody, status was determined to be positive, steroid pulse therapy was performed, and it decreased gastrointestinal gas significantly; however, the patient died of a repeated fungal infection. Pain and deterioration of the nutritional condition caused by meteorism made the activity of daily living and quality of life of this ALS patient decrease remarkably. Over three percent of ALS patients are reported to have anti‐ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies. We should consider autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy in ALS patients.
On the Substitution of Identicals in Counterfactual Reasoning*
Authors: Kocurek Alexander W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is widely held that counterfactuals, unlike attitude ascriptions, preserve the referential transparency of their constituents, i.e., that counterfactuals validate the substitution of identicals when their constituents do. The only putative counterexamples in the literature come from counterpossibles, i.e., counterfactuals with impossible antecedents. Advocates of counterpossibilism, i.e., the view that counterpossibles are not all vacuous, argue that counterpossibles can generate referential opacity. But in order to explain why most substitution inferences into counterfactuals seem valid, counterpossibilists also often maintain that counterfactuals with possible antecedents are transparency‐preserving. I argue that if counterpossibles can generate opacity, then so can ordinary counterfactuals with possible antecedents. Utilizing an analogy between counterfactuals and attitude ascriptions, I provide a counterpossibilist‐friendly explanation for the apparent validity of substitution inferences into counterfactuals. I conclude by suggesting that the debate over counterpossibles is closely tied to questions concerning the extent to which counterfactuals are more like attitude ascriptions and epistemic operators than previously recognized.
Characterization of the grapevine Shaker K+ channel VvK3.1 supports its function in massive potassium fluxes necessary for berry potassium loading and pulvinus‐actuated leaf movements
Authors: Nieves‐Cordones Manuel , Andrianteranagna Mamy , Cuéllar Teresa , Chérel Isabelle , Gibrat Rémy , Boeglin Martin , Moreau Bertrand , Paris Nadine , Verdeil Jean‐Luc , Zimmermann SabineDagmar , Gaillard Isabelle 
Published: February 2019

Summary

In grapevine, climate changes lead to increased berry potassium (K+) contents that result in must with low acidity. Consequently, wines are becoming ‘flat’ to the taste, with poor organoleptic properties and low potential aging, resulting in significant economic loss. Precise investigation into the molecular determinants controlling berry K+ accumulation during its development are only now emerging.

Here, we report functional characterization by electrophysiology of a new grapevine Shaker‐type K+ channel, VvK3.1. The analysis of VvK3.1 expression patterns was performed by qPCR and in situ hybridization.

We found that VvK3.1 belongs to the AKT2 channel phylogenetic branch and is a weakly rectifying channel, mediating both inward and outward K+ currents. We showed that VvK3.1 is highly expressed in the phloem and in a unique structure located at the two ends of the petiole, identified as a pulvinus.

From the onset of fruit ripening, all data support the role of the VvK3.1 channel in the massive K+ fluxes from the phloem cell cytosol to the berry apoplast during berry K+ loading. Moreover, the high amount of VvK3.1 transcripts detected in the pulvinus strongly suggests a role for this Shaker in the swelling and shrinking of motor cells involved in paraheliotropic leaf movements.
Establishment of Classification of Tibial Plateau Fracture Associated with Proximal Fibular Fracture
Authors: Zheng Zhan‐le , Yu Yi‐yang , Chang Heng‐rui , Liu Huan , Zhou Hui‐lin , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of fibular fractures as an associated injury in tibial plateau fractures according to CT scan. We also attempt to introduce a new morphological sub‐classification on this associated injury and to analyze the correlation between this classification and tibial plateau fractures.MethodsWe selected cases with fibular fractures from all the tibial plateau fracture patients. The cases were further divided into 2 groups: unicondylar group and bicondylar group. On the basis of our new classification system of fibular fracture, all the included cases were divided into 5 subgroups.ResultsFinally, a total of 150 cases associated with fibular fractures in 502 tibial plateau fracture cases were identified from our institution database. The incidence of fibular head fracture in tibial plateau fractures was 29.88% (150/502). Seventy‐one cases (47.3%) were involved one condyle, and 79 cases (52.7%) involved both. It shows significant difference in the subgroup of avulsion fracture with horizontal fracture line (Type A) which is ratio of 16.9% in unicondylar group and 1.27% in bicondylar group.ConclusionA new classification of this associated injury describing the morphology of the fracture fragments may improve operative planning.