bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap between clinical trials and community care: Translating a memory group for older people with mild cognitive impairment into a community‐based organisation
Authors: Kinsella Glynda J. , Mullaly Elizabeth , Rand Elizabeth , Pike Kerryn E. , Reilly Ann , Cavuoto Marina G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesOlder people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are seeking interventions for maintaining independence. This study investigates the feasibility of translating a research‐evaluated memory group (LaTCH) into a community‐based organisation by evaluating the experiences of clients and trained staff.MethodsDementia Australia staff trained as facilitators of memory groups for 274 people with MCI and families. Clients and staff were interviewed regarding experiences from group participation.ResultsClients and staff reported benefits of shared experience through group participation, leading to greater use of compensatory strategies. Staff observed client improvement in memory‐related self‐confidence, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing re‐engagement in life activities. In their own professional roles, staff reported increased self‐efficacy, leading to greater role satisfaction. Several challenges in running and sustaining the program were also identified.ConclusionsMemory group interventions can be feasibly delivered in a community setting and increase service access opportunities for older people with memory problems.
Dynamic predictive model for postoperative nausea and vomiting for intravenous fentanyl patient‐controlled analgesia
Authors: Chae D. , Kim S. Y. , Song Y. , Baek W. , Shin H. , Park K. , Han D. W. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPostoperative nausea and vomiting is the most common side‐effect of opioid‐based intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia. Apfel's simplified risk score is popular but it has some limitations. We developed and validated a dynamic predictive model for nausea or vomiting up to 48 postoperative hours, available as an online web application. Fentanyl was used by 22,144 adult patients for analgesia after non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia: we randomly divided them into development (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts, repeated 100 times. We used linear discriminant analysis to select variables for multivariate logistic regression. The incidences of postoperative nausea or vomiting were: 0–48 h, 5691/22,144 (26%); 0–6 h, 2749/22,144 (12%); 6–12 h, 2687/22,144 (12%); 12–18 h, 2624/22,144 (12%); 18–24 h, 1884/22,144 (9%); and 24–48 h, 1082/22,144 (5%). The median (95%CI) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72 (0.71–0.73) up to 48 postoperative hours compared with 0.65 (0.64–0.66) for the Apfel model, p < 0.001. The equivalent areas for 0–6 h, 6–12 h, 12–18 h, 18–24 h and 24–48 h were: 0.70 (0.69–0.72); 0.71 (0.69–0.73); 0.69 (0.68–0.71); 0.70 (0.67–0.72); and 0.69 (0.66–0.71), respectively. Our web application allows clinicians to calculate incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving intravenous fentanyl for patient‐controlled analgesia.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and postoperative delirium and pain: an observational study of a surgical cohort
Authors: Strutz P. K. , Kronzer V. , Tzeng W. , Arrington B. , McKinnon S. L. , Ben Abdallah A. , Haroutounian S. , Avidan M. S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPatients with obstructive sleep apnoea are at increased risk of adverse postoperative outcomes, such as cardiac and respiratory complications. It has been hypothesised that obstructive sleep apnoea also increases the risk for postoperative delirium and acute postoperative pain. We conducted a retrospective, observational study investigating the relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea with postoperative delirium and acute postoperative pain severity. Patients were classified as being at high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea if they had been diagnosed with this condition, or if they were positive for more than four factors using the ‘STOP‐BANG’ screening tool. Adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and postoperative delirium, and multivariable linear regression to study the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and postoperative pain severity. The incidence of postoperative delirium was 307 in 1441 patients (21.3%; 95%CI 19.2–23.5%). In unadjusted analysis, high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea was associated with delirium, with an odds ratio (95%CI) of 1.77 (1.22–2.57; p = 0.003). After adjustment for pre‐specified variables, the association was not statistically significant with odds ratio 1.34 (0.80–2.23; p = 0.27). The mean (SD) maximum pain (resting or provoked) reported for the entire cohort was 63.8 (27.9) mm on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale. High risk for obstructive sleep apnoea was not associated with postoperative pain severity (β‐coefficient 2.82; 95%CI, −2.34–7.97; p = 0.28). These findings suggest that obstructive sleep apnoea is unlikely to be a strong risk factor for postoperative delirium or acute postoperative pain severity.
The relationship of airway structural changes to blood and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers, and lung function abnormalities in asthma
Authors: Kozlik Pawel , Zuk Joanna , Bartyzel Sylwia , Zarychta Jacek , Okon Krzysztof , Zareba Lech , Bazan Jan G. , Kosalka Joanna , Soja Jerzy , Musial Jacek , Bazan‐Socha Stanislawa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAirway structural changes are important in asthma pathology and require further investigations.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate which computed tomography (CT) indices, bronchial histological traits, or blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) biomarkers correlate best with lung function abnormalities in asthma.MethodsIn 105 white adult asthmatics (53 with a component of fixed airflow obstruction), we determined airway cross‐sectional geometry of two proximal (the right upper lobe apical segmental and the left apicoposterior) and two distal (the right and the left basal posterior) bronchi, quantified the low‐attenuation lung area (LAA%), and analysed clusters based on airway CT‐metrics. We also performed bronchofiberoscopy with BAL and endobronchial biopsy, assessed blood and BAL biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐17A, IL‐23, interferon (INF)γ and periostin, together with circulating a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein (ADAM)33, and investigated interplays between analysed variables.ResultsPatients with fixed airflow limitation were characterized by lower lumen area and increased wall area and wall thickness ratios in distal airways, accompanied by raised LAA%. They had also higher blood neutrophilia, blood and BAL eosinophilia, increased circulating fibrinogen, periostin, and ADAM33. Blood neutrophilia, serum high density lipoproteins, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and shortened activated partial thromboplastin time were determinants of thicker reticular basement membrane (RBM). BAL eosinophilia was the only positive predictor of collagen I accumulation. Surprisingly, we observed a negative correlation between RBM thickening and collagen I deposit. Cluster analysis based on CT‐metrics of the right lower lobe basal posterior bronchus revealed three well‐separated clusters similar in age, asthma duration, and BMI, but different in RBM thickness, collagen I accumulation, and inflammatory markers.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAirway remodelling traits are mainly related to the Th2 profile, higher circulating ADAM33, and blood neutrophilia. Lung function abnormalities and RBM thickening correlate better with CT‐metrics of distal than proximal airways.
Depression prevalence in Type 2 diabetes is not related to diabetes–depression symptom overlap but is related to symptom dimensions within patient self‐report measures: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Harding K. A. , Pushpanathan M. E. , Whitworth S. R. , Nanthakumar S. , Bucks R. S. , Skinner T. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimDepression is common in Type 2 diabetes, yet rates vary. Overlap between symptoms of depression and diabetes may account for this variability in depression prevalence rates. We examined to what extent depression prevalence was a function of the proportion of depression–diabetes symptom overlap (items within symptom dimensions) and sample characteristics.MethodsElectronic and hand searching of published and unpublished works identified 147 eligible papers. Of 3656 screened, 147 studies (149 samples, N = 17–229 047, mean sample age 25.4–82.8 years, with 152 prevalence estimates), using 24 validated depression questionnaires were selected. Sample size, publication type, sample type, gender, age, BMI, HbA1c, depression questionnaire and prevalence rates were extracted.ResultsPrevalence rates ranged from 1.8% to 88% (mean = 28.30%) and were higher in younger samples, samples with higher mean HbA1c and clinic samples. Diabetes–depression symptom overlap did not affect prevalence. A higher proportion of anhedonia, cognition, cognitive, negative affect and sleep disturbance symptoms, and a lower proportion of somatic symptoms were consistently associated with higher depression prevalence.ConclusionsThe lack of an overall effect of diabetes–depression symptom overlap might suggest that assessment of depression in Type 2 diabetes is generally not confounded by co‐occuring symptoms. However, questionnaires with proportionally more or fewer items measuring other symptom categories were associated with higher estimates of depression prevalence. Depression measures that focus on the cardinal symptoms of depression (e.g. negative affect and cognition), limiting symptoms associated with increasing diabetes symptomatology (e.g. sleep disturbance, cognitive) may most accurately diagnose depression.
The Gift of a Warmer Climate: Education for Courage
Authors: Ide Kanako W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to give hope to those who are in the middle of struggles relating to personal experiences associated with sexual/gendered harassment. In it, Kanako W. Ide inquires into the moral conditions around speaking out publicly about such incidents through critical analysis of the social norms of gender and economy. Jane Roland Martin's gender‐sensitive theory supports a discussion of how contemporary discourses against sexual/gendered harassment are embedded in the norms of a gender‐blind market economy. In seeking an alternative, gender‐sensitive discussion, the gift paradigm is addressed and critically examined. Ide applies the conceptual distinction between “labor” and “work” that informs gift theory to argue for the invisible spirit of the gift as an essence of feminine moral values. The Buddhist idea of altruism as asceticism is offered as a means of developing the concept of “labor” as a gift, and also as a way to conclude the essay by explaining negative incidents in an affirmative gift theory.
Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Richardson Kelsey , Hardesty Britta Denise , Wilcox Chris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAbandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) represents a significant, yet ultimately unknown amount of global marine debris, with serious environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study reviews 68 publications from 1975 to 2017 that contain quantitative information about fishing gear losses. Gear loss estimates reported by the studies ranged widely, with all net studies reviewed reporting annual gear loss rates from 0% to 79.8%, all trap studies reporting gear loss rates from 0% to 88%, and all line studies reporting gear loss rates from 0.1% to 79.2%. Information obtained from this review was used to perform a meta‐analysis that provides the first synthetic, statistically robust estimates of global fishing gear losses. The meta‐analysis estimates global fishing gear losses for different major gear types. We estimate that 5.7% of all fishing nets, 8.6% of all traps, and 29% of all lines are lost around the world each year. Furthermore, we identified key gear characteristics, operational aspects and environmental contexts that influence gear loss. These estimates can be used to support sustainable fisheries development through informing risk assessments for fisheries and monitoring and assessment efforts to reduce gear losses.
DNA G‐quadruplex stability, position and chromatin accessibility are associated with CpG island methylation
Authors: Jara‐Espejo Manuel , Line Sérgio Roberto 
Published: September 2019

CpG islands (CGI) are genomic regions associated with gene promoters and involved in gene expression regulation. Despite their high CpG content and unlike bulk genomic DNA methylation pattern, these regions are usually hypomethylated. So far, the mechanisms controlling the CGI methylation patterning remain unclear. G‐quadruplex (G4) structures can inhibit DNA methyltransferases 1 enzymatic activity, leading to CGI hypomethylation. Our aim was to analyse the association of G4 forming sequences (G4FS) and CGI methylation as well as to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of G4FS that may modulate this phenomenon. Using methylation data from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and three hESC‐derived populations, we showed that hypomethylated CpGs located inside CGI (CGI/CpG) tend to be associated with highly stable G4FS (Minimum free energy ≤ −30 kcal·mol−1). The association of highly stable G4FS and hypomethylation tend to be stronger when these structures are located at shorter distances (~ < 150 bp) from GCI/CpGs, when G4FS and CpGs are located within open chromatin and G4FS are inside CGI. Moreover, this association is not strongly influenced by the CpG content of CGI. Conversely, highly methylated CGI/CpG tend to be associated with low stability G4FS. Although CpGs inside CGIs without a G4FS tend to be more methylated, high stability G4FS within CGI neighbourhood were associated with decreased methylation. In summary, our data indicate that G4FS may act as protective cis elements against CGI methylation, and this effect seems to be influenced by the G4FS folding potential, its presence within CGI, CpG distance from G4FS and chromatin accessibility.
On the biogenicity of Fe‐oxyhydroxide filaments in silicified low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits: Implications for the identification of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in the rock record
Authors: Johannessen Karen C. , McLoughlin Nicola , Vullum Per Erik , Thorseth Ingunn H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroaerophilic Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacteria produce biomineralized twisted and branched stalks, which are promising biosignatures of microbial Fe oxidation in ancient jaspers and iron formations. Extracellular Fe stalks retain their morphological characteristics under experimentally elevated temperatures, but the extent to which natural post‐depositional processes affect fossil integrity remains to be resolved. We examined siliceous Fe deposits from laminated mounds and chimney structures from an extinct part of the Jan Mayen Vent Fields on the Arctic Mid‐Ocean Ridge. Our aims were to determine how early seafloor diagenesis affects morphological and chemical signatures of Fe‐oxyhydroxide biomineralization and how extracellular stalks differ from abiogenic features. Optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with focused ion beam‐transmission electron microscopy (FIB‐TEM) was used to study the filamentous textures and cross sections of individual stalks. Our results revealed directional, dendritic, and radial arrangements of biogenic twisted stalks and randomly organized networks of hollow tubes. Stalks were encrusted by concentric Fe‐oxyhydroxide laminae and silica casings. Element maps produced by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) in TEM showed variations in the content of Si, P, and S within filaments, demonstrating that successive hydrothermal fluid pulses mediate early diagenetic alteration and modify the chemical composition and surface features of stalks through Fe‐oxyhydroxide mineralization. The carbon content of the stalks was generally indistinguishable from background levels, suggesting that organic compounds were either scarce initially or lost due to percolating hydrothermal fluids. Dendrites and thicker abiotic filaments from a nearby chimney were composed of nanometer‐sized microcrystalline iron particles and silica and showed Fe growth bands indicative of inorganic precipitation. Our study suggests that the identification of fossil stalks and sheaths of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in hydrothermal paleoenvironments may not rely on the detection of organic carbon and demonstrates that abiogenic filaments differ from stalks and sheaths of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria with respect to width distribution, ultrastructure, and textural context.
Numerical Investigation of a Methane Leakage from a Geothermal Well into a Shallow Aquifer
Authors: D'Aniello Andrea , Fabbricino Massimiliano , Ducci Daniela , Pianese Domenico 
Published: September 2019

The potential environmental impacts on subsurface water resources induced by unconventional gas production are still under debate. Solving the controversy regarding the potential adverse effects of gas leakages on groundwater resources is therefore crucial. In this work, an interesting real‐world case is presented in order to give further insight into methane multiphase and transport behavior in the shallow subsurface, often disregarded compared to the behavior in the deep subsurface. Multiphase flow and solute transport simulations were performed to assess the vulnerability of an existing shallow unconfined aquifer with respect to a hypothetical methane leakage resulting from a well integrity failure of a former deep geothermal well. The analysis showed that migration of gaseous methane through the aquifer under examination can be extremely fast (of the order of a few minutes), occurring predominantly vertically upwards, close to the well. By contrast, dissolved methane migration is largely affected by the groundwater flow field and occurs over larger time scales (of the order of months/years), covering a greater distance from the well. Overall, the real concern for this site in case of gas leakages is the risk of explosion in the close vicinity of the well. Predicted maximum gaseous fluxes (0.89 to 22.60 m3/d) are comparable to those reported for leaking wells, and maximum dissolved methane concentrations may overcome risk mitigation thresholds (7 to 10 mg/L) in a few years. Therefore, surface and subsurface monitoring before decommissioning is strongly advised to ensure the safety of the site.
Characterization of the mutation spectrum in a Pakistani cohort of type 3 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Ahmed Shariq , Yadegari Hamideh , Naz Arshi , Biswas Arijit , Budde Ulrich , Saqlain Nazish , Amanat Samina , Tariq Shehla , Raziq Fazle , Masood Shahtaj , Pavlova Anna , Shamsi Tahir Sultan , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionType 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD), a severe autosomal recessive hereditary bleeding disorder, is described by the virtual absence of von Willebrand factor (VWF). In consanguineous populations, for example Pakistan, the disease is reported with a higher incidence rate than the worldwide prevalence.AimsThis study aims to characterize molecular pathology and clinical profile of type 3 VWD cohort of Pakistani origin.MethodsIn total, 48 patients were enrolled in the current study. Initially, the index patients (IPs) were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire for recording bleeding manifestations and by performing conventional coagulation tests. The diagnosis of VWD type 3 was confirmed by VWF antigens less than 5 IU/dL. Direct sequencing of VWF gene (VWF) was carried out to identify causative gene variations. We evaluated the potential consequence of novel splice site and missense variations by predictive computational programs and in silico structural analysis.ResultsVWF mutations were detected in 46 out of 48 IPs (95.8%), predominantly as homozygous variants. In total, twenty‐nine different gene defects were characterized in this cohort from which 10 (34.5%) are novel. The majority of the mutations were null alleles (66%; including gene conversions, nonsense, splice site variations, small deletions and insertions), and 34% of them were missense substitutions.ConclusionHerein, we reported for the first time, the pattern of gene defects in Pakistani type 3 VWD cohort. We identified a wide heterogeneous mutation spectrum along with variability in the type of bleeding episodes.
Recommendations to improve patient‐centred care for ductal carcinoma in situ: Qualitative focus groups with women
Authors: Nyhof Bryanna B. , Wright Frances C. , Look Hong Nicole J. , Groot Gary , Helyer Lucy , Meiers Pamela , Quan May Lynn , Baxter Nancy N. , Urquhart Robin , Warburton Rebecca , Gagliardi Anna R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care (PCC) improves health‐care experiences and outcomes. Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and clinicians have reported communication difficulties. Little prior research has studied how to improve communication and PCC for DCIS.ObjectiveThis study explored how to achieve PCC for DCIS.DesignCanadian women treated for DCIS from five provinces participated in semi‐structured focus groups based on a 6‐domain cancer‐specific PCC framework to discuss communication about DCIS. Data were analysed using constant comparative technique.Setting and ParticipantsThirty‐five women aged 30 to 86 participated in five focus groups at five hospitals.ResultsWomen said their clinicians used multiple approaches for fostering a healing relationship; however, most described an absence of desired information or behaviour to exchange information, respond to emotions, manage uncertainty, make decisions and enable self‐management. Most women were confused by terminology, offered little information about the risks of progression/recurrence, uninformed about treatment benefits and risks, frustrated with lack of engagement in decision making, given little information about follow‐up plans or self‐care advice, and received no acknowledgement or offer of emotional support.Discussion and ConclusionsBy comparing the accounts of women with DCIS to a PCC framework, we identified limitations and inconsistencies in women's lived experience of communication about DCIS, and approaches by which clinicians can more consistently achieve PCC for DCIS. Future research should develop and evaluate informational tools to support PCC for DCIS.
Chemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of sweet spreads made from by‐products of soya bean and maize
Authors: Žilić Slađana , Simić Marijana , Belović Miona , Škrobot Dubravka , Srdić Jelena , Perić Vesna 
Published: September 2019

SummarySweet maize cob (SMC) and black soya bean seed coat (BSC) were used to prepare a sweet spread. Chemical composition of the prepared spread and its rheological and sensory characteristics were investigated. The results were compared with those of commercial plum and raspberry jams and spreads. Spreads made from SMC and BSC had the highest content of proteins, total fibres, hemicellulose and cellulose. In relation to fruit jams, they are distinguished by the presence and content of p‐coumaric, ferulic and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acids, as well as of flavonoids such as catechin and quercetin. SMC spread with 3.2% of BSC had the highest content of total anthocyanins (666.75 mg CGE kg−1) (cyanidin 3‐glucoside equivalent). Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (Cy‐3‐Glu) was the most abundant anthocyanins in SMC/BSC containing spreads, while in raspberry jam, that was cyanidin‐3‐sophoroside (Cy‐3‐Sop). According to chemical, rheological and sensory properties, SMC/BSC containing spreads could be competitive with fruit jams and spreads.