bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response diversity in Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages facing climate change: Insights from a multispecific thermotolerance experiment
Authors: Gómez‐Gras Daniel , Linares Cristina , de Caralt Sonia , Cebrian Emma , Frleta‐Valić Maša , Montero‐Serra Ignasi , Pagès‐Escolà Marta , López‐Sendino Paula , Garrabou Joaquim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimate change threatens coastal benthic communities on a global scale. However, the potential effects of ongoing warming on mesophotic temperate reefs at the community level remain poorly understood. Investigating how different members of these communities will respond to the future expected environmental conditions is, therefore, key to anticipating their future trajectories and developing specific management and conservation strategies. Here, we examined the responses of some of the main components of the highly diverse Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages to thermal stress. We performed thermotolerance experiments with different temperature treatments (from 26 to 29°C) with 10 species from different phyla (three anthozoans, six sponges and one ascidian) and different structural roles. Overall, we observed species‐specific contrasting responses to warming regardless of phyla or growth form. Moreover, the responses ranged from highly resistant species to sensitive species and were mostly in agreement with previous field observations from mass mortality events (MMEs) linked to Mediterranean marine heat waves. Our results unravel the diversity of responses to warming in coralligenous outcrops and suggest the presence of potential winners and losers in the face of climate change. Finally, this study highlights the importance of accounting for species‐specific vulnerabilities and response diversity when forecasting the future trajectories of temperate benthic communities in a warming ocean.
The more things change: species losses detected in Phoenix despite stability in bird–socioeconomic relationships
Authors: Warren Paige S. , Lerman Susannah B. , Andrade Riley , Larson Kelli L. , Bateman Heather L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe science of urban ecology has increasingly grappled with the long‐term ramifications of a globally urbanized planet and the impacts on biodiversity. Some researchers have suggested that places with high species diversity in cities simply reflect an extinction debt of populations that are doomed to extinction but have not yet disappeared. The longitudinal studies conducted to date have found species composition shifting with urbanization but have not always documented continued species extirpations post‐urbanization. We used long‐term monitoring data on birds from the greater metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona, to measure changes in residential bird communities, species–habitat relationships, and human perceptions of bird species diversity over a five‐year period. Bird richness, occupancy, and abundance decreased, as did the percentage of respondents satisfied with bird variety in their neighborhoods. As in previous analyses for this region, we found that desert specialist species were associated with neighborhoods with xeric landscaping consisting of gravel groundcover, and drought‐tolerant, desert‐adapted vegetation. These species were also found in neighborhoods with high per capita income rates and lower percentages of renters and Hispanic/Latinx residents. Non‐native species were positively associated with neighborhoods containing mesic yards with grass and other water‐intensive vegetation. The proportions of yards in our surveyed neighborhoods with these distinct landscaping types likewise remained relatively stable over five‐year period. Although habitat–species relationships remained unchanged, we detected significant loss of species across the sampling period. Declines were not confined to desert specialist species but included generalist and invader species as well. The parallel reduction in residents’ satisfaction suggests that people perceive some aspect of this environmental degradation. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these species losses may reveal options for retaining some desert specialist species, and the uniqueness they contribute to urban fauna.
Haemodynamic simulation and the effect of early left ventricular unloading in pre‐shock acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Schäfer Andreas , Burkhoff Daniel , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsUnderstanding the pathophysiological background on haemodynamic changes in acute myocardial infarction and during its interventional treatment is important to adequately use mechanical circulatory support.Methods and resultsWe describe haemodynamic simulations based on a real case scenario of infarct‐related ischaemia with beginning haemodynamic compromise illustrating the advantage of active haemodynamic support. The patient case used for computer simulation is that of an acute coronary syndrome, slightly hypotonic. The right coronary artery is chronically occluded, and both left main and a saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) show subtotal stenosis. In this scenario used for computer modelling of haemodynamics, we illustrate how unprotected percutaneous coronary intervention would limit coronary blood flow and constantly reduce myocardial contractility until cardiac arrest occurs. The simulation demonstrates how an intra‐aortic balloon pump would delay but not prevent that compromise and how an Impella microaxial pump will actively support cardiac output and stabilize haemodynamics even when prolonged balloon inflations are performed, which will temporarily stop coronary perfusion.ConclusionsThe simulation illustrates how temporary circulatory support with an Impella microaxial pump can stabilize haemodynamics and allow for a safe procedure in an unstable patient. Using computer simulation of haemodynamics to understand changes in haemodynamics when performing interventions in unstable patients might help to properly select a suitable support device if needed.
Thermodynamic analysis of energy storage supported multigeneration system
Authors: Okonkwo Eric C. , Adedeji Michael J. , Abid Muhammad , Ratlamwala Tahir A. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the thermodynamic performance of a solar‐powered integrated multigeneration system with thermal storage. It aims at evaluating the effect of thermal storage on the overall performance of a multigeneration system. A solar heliostat field system, thermal energy storage, Rankine power cycle, electrolyzer, and a double effect absorption chiller make up the multigeneration system. Energy and exergy analyses of the system are performed, and the energy and exergy efficiencies are found to be 35.03% and 27.9%, respectively. The solar heliostat and receiver system obtained 3500 kW of heat, the thermal storage system had a thermal efficiency of 87.4% with the capacity to store 2700 kWth energy for 12 hours, the Rankine cycle produced 1068 kW of electricity and the electrolyzer which receives 20% of the net power produced was able to generate 0.0009035 kg/s of hydrogen. The absorption chiller also produced 271.9 kW of cooling. Furthermore, a parametric study was carried out to observe the effect of varying factors like direct normal irradiance (DNI), the mass fraction of the steam bled from the turbine (j), the pressure of the high‐temperature generator (HTG) inlet steam, and a combination of the DNI and the pressure of the HTG inlet steam on the system performance. While an increase in the DNI led to an improved thermal and exergetic efficiency, the addition of storage led to an increase of 27.7% in the utilization factor of the multigeneration system which means that the performance of the system is increased over time.
Investigation of the effect of using graded porosity on the thermal performance of the encapsulated ice thermal energy storage tank
Authors: Erdemir Dogan , Altuntop Necdet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe storage tank has great impact on the performance of ice thermal energy storage (ITES) system. Previous researches show that enhanced temperature gradient in the tank improves the thermal performance of system. This study deals with the investigation for determining the effect of using graded porosity in the storage tank of encapsulated ITES system. In this study, it was researched that the effects of uniform, two‐graded, and three‐graded porosities inside the storage tank. Energy equation in porous medium was solved analytically to determine the centerline temperature changing in the tank. At the end of study, it was found that the lower porosity supplied higher thermal performance. However, lower porosity requires higher tank volume. Graded porosity provided the almost equal thermal performance with lower uniformly distributed porosity, although it had a higher porosity. Energy efficiency values were very high and changed between 95.23% and 99.98% in all porosity structure and working conditions. On the contrary to the energy efficiency values, exergy efficiency values were changed over a wider range between 35.80% and 88.71%. The highest exergy efficiency of 88% was seen in ε = 0.4 uniform porosity. Also, (ε1 = 0.4, ε2 = 0.5) two‐graded porosity and (ε1 = 0.4, ε2 = 0.5, ε3 = 0.6) three‐graded porosity provided higher exergy efficiency. While exergy efficiency increased with increasing heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate, decreased with decreasing HTF inlet temperature.
Response to Spaniol and Rowland: “Defining Scenario”
Authors: Chermack Thomas J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is a response to Spaniol and Rowland’s article “Defining Scenario”. Specifically this article responds to claims made in the categories of scenario definitions, scenario theory and scenario methods. The purpose is to engage in a thoughtful and collegial debate and it contains the raising of some issues the scenario community may wish to consider.
A network approach to prioritizing susceptibility genes for genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Kafaie Somayeh , Chen Yuanzhu , Hu Ting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe heritability of complex diseases including cancer is often attributed to multiple interacting genetic alterations. Such a non‐linear, non‐additive gene–gene interaction effect, that is, epistasis, renders univariable analysis methods ineffective for genome‐wide association studies. In recent years, network science has seen increasing applications in modeling epistasis to characterize the complex relationships between a large number of genetic variations and the phenotypic outcome. In this study, by constructing a statistical epistasis network of colorectal cancer (CRC), we proposed to use multiple network measures to prioritize genes that influence the disease risk of CRC through synergistic interaction effects. We computed and analyzed several global and local properties of the large CRC epistasis network. We utilized topological properties of network vertices such as the edge strength, vertex centrality, and occurrence at different graphlets to identify genes that may be of potential biological relevance to CRC. We found 512 top‐ranked single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, among which COL22A1, RGS7, WWOX, and CELF2 were the four susceptibility genes prioritized by all described metrics as the most influential on CRC.
Transforming growth factor‐beta renders ageing microglia inhibitory to oligodendrocyte generation by CNS progenitors
Authors: Baror Roey , Neumann Björn , Segel Michael , Chalut Kevin J. , Fancy Stephen P. J. , Schafer Dorothy P. , Franklin Robin J. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is now well‐established that the macrophage and microglial response to CNS demyelination influences remyelination by removing myelin debris and secreting a variety of signaling molecules that influence the behaviour of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Previous studies have shown that changes in microglia contribute to the age‐related decline in the efficiency of remyelination. In this study, we show that microglia increase their expression of the proteoglycan NG2 with age, and that this is associated with an altered micro‐niche generated by aged, but not young, microglia that can divert the differentiation OPCs from oligodendrocytes into astrocytes in vitro. We further show that these changes in ageing microglia are generated by exposure to high levels of TGFβ. Thus, our findings suggest that the rising levels of circulating TGFβ known to occur with ageing contribute to the age‐related decline in remyelination by impairing the ability of microglia to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation from OPCs, and therefore could be a potential therapeutic target to promote remyelination.
State ownership and international expansion: The S‐curve relationship
Authors: Kalasin Kiattichai , Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro , Ramamurti Ravi 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryWe study how state ownership affects the international expansion of emerging‐market firms. Building on agency theory and the resource‐based view, we propose an S‐curve relationship: Firms with a low level of state ownership have a limited level of international expansion, those with a medium level of state ownership have an increasing level, and those with a high level of state ownership have a decreasing level. This S‐curve is the outcome of the interaction between the “hindering hand” of state ownership, arising from multilevel agency problems, and the “helping hand,” arising from state‐ownership advantages. Analyses of 674 publicly traded firms from 16 emerging markets support these ideas and reveal that the inflection points in the S‐curve appear at state‐ownership levels of 19 and 43%.Managerial SummaryState ownership of emerging‐market firms results in their international expansion following an S‐curve pattern because state ownership has hindering and helping influences. Firms with low state ownership have a limited level of international expansion because they are subject to government interference but receive limited support. Firms with a medium level of state ownership have an increasing level of international expansion because they have greater access to resources while the negative effects of state control are restrained by the dominance of private owners. Finally, firms with a high level of state ownership have a decreasing level of international expansion because the advantage of resource provision is offset by tight state controls. We illustrate these ideas through the analyses of 674 firms from 16 emerging markets.
Microscopic positive margins strongly predict reduced disease‐free survival in pT4a papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Abraham Earl , Roshan David , Tran Bryan , Graham Susannah , Lehane Christopher , Wykes James , Campbell Peter , Ebrahimi Ardalan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough microscopic positive margins appear to have no independent prognostic impact in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), this may not be the case in pT4a tumors.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 610 patients with PTC, 39 with pT4a tumors, to determine if microscopic positive margins impact disease‐free survival (DFS) in pT4a PTC.ResultsOn univariate analysis, microscopic positive margins were not associated with reduced DFS in patients with no extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; P = 0.32), microscopic ETE (HR, 1.6; P = 0.36), or macroscopic ETE limited to strap muscles (HR, 1.2; P = 0.87). In contrast, microscopic positive margins were associated with reduced DFS in T4a disease (HR, 4.1; P = 0.04). Disease recurrence was nodal, distant, or biochemical, and did not occur directly at the site of positive margins.ConclusionAlthough microscopic positive margins do not influence DFS in the majority of patients with PTC, they are associated with a fourfold increased risk of recurrence in pT4a disease.
Applying pragmatic approaches to complex program evaluation: A case study of implementation of the New South Wales Get Healthy at Work program
Authors: Crane Melanie , Bauman Adrian , Lloyd Beverley , McGill Bronwyn , Rissel Chris , Grunseit Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIssue addressedComplex health promotion programs, which can have multilevels of implementation and multi‐components with nonlinear causal pathways, present many evaluation challenges. Traditional evaluation methods often fail to account for the complexity inherent in assessing these programs. In real‐world settings, evaluations of complex programs are often beset by additional constraints of limited budgets and short timeframes. Determining whether a complex program is successful and how a program worked requires evaluators of complex programs to adopt a level of pragmatism.MethodsThis paper describes a pragmatic evaluation approach used to evaluate the Get Healthy at Work workplace health promotion program, implemented in New South Wales, Australia. Using the program as a case study, we describe some key principles for applying a pragmatic evaluation approach and use these principles to develop an appropriate evaluation strategy.ResultsThe evaluation includes multiple research methods to assess program outputs and implementation; and identify emergent program impacts, within constrained resources. The evaluation was guided by epistemological flexibility, methodological comprehensiveness and operational practicality.ConclusionHealth promotion programs, such as state‐wide obesity prevention programs, require appropriate evaluation methods which address their inherent complexity amidst the real‐world evaluation constraints, and focuses on the essential evaluation needs.So whatThe main complex program evaluation principles are applicable to other multilevel health promotion programs, challenged by methodological and practical or political constraints.
Second law analysis in radiative mixed convective squeezing flow of Casson fluid between parallel disks with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Ramesh Kesetti , Ojjela Odelu , Nareshkumar N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present communication deals the entropy generation by cause of heat and mass transform in an unsteady mixed convective radiative squeezing flow of a Casson fluid confined between two parallel disks in the presence of diffusion‐thermo and thermal‐diffusion effects and temperature jump. The lower disk is taken to be porous and the upper one is impermeable. The governing PDE is converted as nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) by using well‐established similarity transformations; then, the reduced nonlinear ODE are solved by shooting method with Runge‐Kutta fourth‐order approach. The influence of distinct nondimensional fluid and geometric‐related parameters on the velocity profiles, temperature, concentration, entropy generation number, and Bejan number are studied in detail and represented in the form of graphs. The entropy of the Casson fluid is increased with the Eckert number, whereas the concentration profile is decreased by squeezing Reynolds number. The current results are correlated with existing results for the viscous case and found to be in better agreement.
A new empirical correlating equation for calculating effective viscosity of nanofluids
Authors: Dhahri Maher , Aouinet Hana , sammouda Habib 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an empirical correlation for the nanofluid viscosity is proposed. The new equation for the nanofluid effective dynamic viscosity, normalized by the dynamic viscosity of the base liquid, is derived from a wide selection of experimental data available in the literature. This correlation presented the viscosity of the nanofluid as a function of the base fluid viscosity, nanoparticle volume fraction, nanoparticle diameter, nanoparticle temperature, and mass density of the base fluid. The new correlation was evaluated against 898 experimental data for the viscosities of nanofluid collected from the literature. The experimental data included different working nanofluids, such as alumina, Iron, and silica, where the diameter of nanoparticles was ranging between 10 and 350 nm, suspended in water, propylene glycol, and kerosene. The predicted results were then compared with many other published experimental results for different nanofluids and very good concordance between these results was observed. In general, this correlation has higher accuracy and precision.
Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in soil water stable isotopic composition and its ecohydrologic implications in semiarid ecosystems
Authors: Oerter Erik J. , Bowen Gabriel J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpatio‐temporal heterogeneity in soil water content is recognized as a common phenomenon, but heterogeneity in the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of soil water, which can reveal processes of water cycling within soils, has not been well studied. New advances are being driven by measurement approaches allowing sampling with high density in both space and time. Using in situ soil water vapour probe techniques, combined with conventional soil and plant water vacuum distillation extraction, we monitored the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic composition of soil and plant waters at paired sites dominated by grasses and Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) within a semiarid montane ecosystem over the course of a growing season. We found that sites spaced only 20 m apart had profoundly different soil water isotopic and volumetric conditions. We document patterns of depth‐ and time‐explicit variation in soil water isotopic conditions at these sites and consider mechanisms for the observed heterogeneity. We found that soil water content and isotopic variability were damped under Q. gambelii, perhaps due in part to hydraulic redistribution of deep soil water or groundwater by Q. gambelii in these soils relative to the grass‐dominated site. We also found some support for H isotope discrimination effects during water uptake by Q. gambelii. In this ecosystem, the soil water content was higher than that at the neighbouring Grass site, and thus, 25% more water was available for transpiration by Q. gambelii compared with the Grass site. This work highlights the role of plants in governing soil water variation and demonstrates that they can also strongly influence the isotope ratios of soil water. The resulting fine‐scale heterogeneity has implications for the use of isotope tracers to study soil hydrology and evaporation and transpiration fluxes to improve understanding of water cycling through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.
Retracted: Decreased expression of long noncoding RNA XLOC_013703 promotes cell growth via NF‐κB pathway in multiple myeloma
Authors: Pu Jiang , Huang Hongming , Su Jianyou , Yuan Jie , Cong Hui , Wang Xudong , Ju Shaoqing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in cancer and involved in oncogenic or tumor inhibitory processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern of lncRNA XLOC_013703 in multiple myeloma (MM) and to evaluate its biological role and potential significance. We found that XLOC_013703 was significantly decreased in CD138 positive plasma cells and serum of MM patients compared to normal controls, and the decreased XLOC_013703 expression was correlated with β2‐MG, serum‐free light chain (s‐FLC) and revised international staging system. RNA‐fluorescence in situ hybridization results revealed that XLOC_013703 was distributed both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of MM cells including H929, RPMI8226, and U266. Overexpression of XLOC_013703 inhibited the proliferation of U266 cells and blocked the cell cycle in G1 stage, thus contributing to MM cell apoptosis. By contrast, knockdown of XLOC_013703 promoted the growth of H929 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of p‐IκBα and nuclear P65 was substantially increased in shRNA transfection groups compared to control groups, whereas overexpression of XLOC_013703 reduced these expressions. In conclusion, we confirmed that the decreased expression of a novel lncRNA, XLOC_013703, in MM. XLOC_013703 was involved in MM cell survival and proliferation via nuclear factor‐κB pathway which represents a potential therapeutic target for MM. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1240–1251, 2019