bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestión pública = Public Management
Authors: Villoria Mendieta Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El texto analiza el concepto de gestión pública. Comienza con la explicación de su origen y especificidad, también nos explica su objeto de estudio, el sujeto de referencia al que se dirige y la metodología y epistemología propias de esta rama o enfoque de los estudios de Administración pública.Palabras clave: Gestión, organizaciones, creación de valor, gestores públicos, utilidad social.Abstract: The text analyzes the concept of public management. It begins with the explanation of its origins and differences with other approaches, it also explains its object of study, the subject of reference to which it is addressed and the methodology and epistemology of this branch or approach of public administration studies.Keywords: Management, organizations, creating value, public managers, social utility.
Experience of a Portuguese Center: Effectiveness of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C
Authors: Falcão Fátima , Lopes Carla , Viegas Erica , Perez Rita , Aldir Isabel , Farinha Helena , Carvalho António , Mirco Ana , Marques Susana , Bana e Costa Tiago , Miranda Ana Cláudia , Lebre Luís , Peixe Paula , Chagas Cristina , Mansinho Kamal , Correia José Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: In late 2014, Portugal implemented a national program for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with directacting antiviral agents. This program has made Portugal one of the first European countries to implement a structured measure of treatment to eliminate this serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental on the national online platform from December 2014 until February 2017 and included patients with hepatitis C virus infection who underwent treatment. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at least 12 weeks post treatment. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 17.0 program.Results: During the study period, 820 patients completed therapy and achieved sufficient follow-up time to assess sustained virologic response with an overall response rate of 97.2% (n = 797) and a response rate of 98.0%, 99.5%, 90.9%, 95.1% and 94.2% for genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Data suggested that advanced fibrosis (F3/F4), human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and treatment failure with interferon and ribavirin were not negatively related with sustained virologic response in our population. Most patients (80.1%) completed treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin. The most common adverse events were fatigue and insomnia followed by headache and weight loss.Discussion: Patients predominantly had genotype 1 infection which correlates with HCV distribution in Europe, but we found a major proportion in genotype 4 which can be explained by immigration from African countries. Our patients’ ages ranging from 22 to 90 years, reflected a new approach with no upper age limit. Direct-acting antivirals regimens resulted in remarkably high SVR rates compared to interferon-based regimens, which were consistent with clinical trials data.Conclusion: Our data showed that direct-acting antiviral-based regimens are safe and have a high success rate in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus infection in a real-world setting.
Avaliação de uma ferramenta nutricional como preditor de prognóstico do paciente gravemente enfermo
Authors: Aragão Natália Linhares Ponte , Mourão Ana Cecília Santos Martins Cláudio , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Araújo Vitor Nogueira , Junior Antonio Brazil Viana , Júnior Arnaldo Aires Peixoto 
Published: March 2019

Objetivos: Avaliar o escore de risco nutricional NUTRIC como preditor prognóstico e compará-lo com outros escores de gravidade. Método: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, com avaliação dos registros de 80 pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto, de março a junho de 2017. Foi estimado o risco nutricional através do escore NUTRIC. Resultados: foram construídas curvas ROC: as áreas sob a curva do escore APACHE II, SOFA no primeiro e no terceiro dia foram de 0,711; 0,701 e 0,809; respectivamente, e a do NUTRIC de 0,713. Foi encontrado um ponto de corte do NUTRIC de 5, com acurácia de 73,6% (IC 95%: 0,628-0,844). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 subgrupos: G1, com pontuação ³5 e G2 com pontuação < 5. O subgrupo G1 apresentou mais disfunções orgânicas, mensuradas pelo SOFA do terceiro dia (8,8±4,8 x 4,2±4,3; p<0,001) e maior taxa de mortalidade na UTI (66,0 x 26,7%; p=0,002). Conclusão: o escore NUTRIC pode predizer um desfecho desfavorável, semelhante aos escores APACHE II e o SOFA. Parece ser útil em prever a ocorrência de novas disfunções e mortalidade. Palavras-chaves: Avaliação Nutricional. Prognóstico. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Mortalidade. Índice de Gravidade de Doença.
Uji Stabilitas dan Aktivitas Gel andsanitizer Ekstrak Daun Kemangi
Authors: Rohmani Sholichah , Kuncoro Muhammad A.A. 
Published: March 2019

Daun kemangi memiliki potensi kuat yang beraktivitas untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri <em>S.aureus. </em>Untuk meningkatkan keefektifitasan dalam pemanfaatan potensi ekstrak daun kemangi, maka dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan yang praktis dan mudah digunakan. Salah satu bentuk sediaan yang efektif untuk terapi topikal adalah <em>handsanitizer</em> gel. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas sediaan gel salah satunya adalah penggunaan bahan tambahan seperti <em>gelling agent, </em>dimana pemilihan jenis dan konsentrasi <em>gelling agent</em> akan menentukan kestabilan gel yang terbentuk, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi CMC Na sebagai <em>gelling agent </em>terhadap stabilitas fisik dari gel <em>handsanitizer</em> ekstrak daun kemangi sebagai antibakteri. Ekstrak daun kemangi diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan diformulasikan dalam sediaan <em> </em>gel dengan penambahan CMC Na 1%(F1), 2%(F2), 3%(F3). Setiap formula dilakukan pengujian stabilitas fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji pH, dan <em>cycling test</em> selama 6 siklus serta uji aktivitas antibakteri. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi CMC Na sebagai <em>gelling agent</em> berpengaruh terhadap konsistensi, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan aktivitas antibakteri dari sediaan gel <em>handsanitizer</em> ekstrak daun kemangi, dimana peningkatan konsentrasi CMC Na maka konsistensi semakin meningkat, daya lekat semakin lama, daya sebar semakin kecil, dan aktifitas antibakterinya semakin menurun, namun perbedaan konsentrasi CMC Na tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH dan homogenitasnya. Gel <em>handsanitizer</em> ekstrak daun kemangi memiliki stabilitas yang baik sebelum maupun sesudah <em>cycling test</em>.
The Validity of Central Venous to Arterial Carbon Dioxide Difference to Predict Adequate Fluid Management during Living Donor Liver Transplantation. A prospective observational study.
Authors: Elayashy Mohamed , Hosny Hisham , Hussein Amr , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdelaal Ahmed , Mukhtar Ahmed , ElKhateeb Amira , Wagih Mohamed , AboulFetouh Fawzia , Abdelaal Amr , Said Hany , Abdo Mostafa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: to assess the validity of Central and Pulmonary CO2 gaps to predict and guide fluid management during liver transplantation.
Methods: Intraoperative fluid management was guided by pulse pressure variations (PPV). PPV of ≥15% triggered fluid resuscitation with 250 ml albumin 5% boluses to restoret PPV to <15%. Simultaneous blood sampling from central venous and pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) were clolected to calculate central and pulmonary CO2 gap. Patients were considered Fluid Responsive (FRS) if fluid boluses restored PPV to <15% and Fluid non-Responsive (FnRS) if not. CO and lactate and their correlation to CO2 gaps were also recorded.
Results: The discriminative ability of Central and Pulmonary CO2 gaps between the two statuses (FRS and FnRS) was poor. AUC of ROC were 0.698 and 0.570 respectively. The Central CO2 gap was significantly higher in FRS than FnRS (P=0.016), with no difference in Pulmonary CO2 gap between both statuses.
conclusion: Central and the Pulmonary CO2 gaps cannot be used alone as valid tools to predict fluid responsiveness and guide fluid management during liver transplantation. CO2 gaps do not correlate well with the changes in PPV or CO
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03123172. Registered on 31-march-2017
Modern principles of the radiation protection from sources of ionizing radiation in medicine. Part 1: Trends, structure of x-ray diagnostics and doses from medical exposure
Authors: Onischenko G. G. , Popova A. Yu. , Romanovich I. K. , Vodovatov A. V. , Bashketova N. S. , Istorik O. A. , Chipiga L. A. , Shatsky I. G. , Repin L. V. , Biblin A. M. 
Published: March 2019

Implementation of modern highly informative methods of X-ray diagnostics (computed tomography, interventional examinations, nuclear medicine), associated with the increase of doses to the public and patients, requires the development and improvement of the existing system of the radiation protection from medical exposure. Despite the prevalence of the traditional imaging modalities in the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation (radiography and fluorography compose up to 95% out of 280 mln. X-ray examinations performed in 2017), the major contribution into the collective dose from medical exposure is due to the computed tomography (50,5%). Comparison of the structure of X-ray diagnostics in the Russian Federation with European Union indicates the absence of fluorography examinations and significantly (up to a factor of 5) higher contribution of computed tomography in European countries. An average collective dose from medical exposure in European countries is composed of 80% of computed tomography and of 10% of nuclear medicine; a mean effective dose per X-ray examination are higher up to a factor of 3 compared to Russia. The analysis of the trends of the development of the X-ray diagnostic in the Russian Federation allows predicting a further increase of the number of computer tomography, interventional and nuclear medicine examinations as well as an increase of the collective dose from medical exposure up to a factor of two in the next decade. This will be associated with changes in the structure of the X-ray diagnostics and an increase of the mean effective doses from X-ray examinations.
Innovation and Design
Authors: Балабанов Павел , Balabanov Pavel , Зауэрвайн Лариса , Sauerwein Larisa 
Published: March 2019

The present research features the relationship between the two processes in design. First, more and more areas of culture reveal their design character. Second, design activity is getting more and more innovative. This is due to the increasing attention to design in science and practice, in particular, in cultural studies. This relationship is interpreted as a separate subject of research, which has the following constituents: a) cultural conditions and factors, b) the process of implementation of technical and technological innovations in the socio-cultural fabric of society and man. Thus, there is a problem of their mutual determination, which can be investigated by such methods of analysis as idealization and modeling. Creativity is represented as one of the manifestations of culture as a whole and is expressed in the conceptual vision of design and continuity of socio-cultural design. The authors focus on the matter of socio-cultural support and effective implementation and assimilation technical and technological innovations by culture, society, and man by creating certain conditions and factors. The concept of the design configurator is used here as a model of the process represented in the problem. The paper enumerates the functional features of management objectivity, pragmatism, efficiency, creativity, heuristics, etc., which make it possible to focus on methodological approaches not only in problem solving but also to argue the importance of the design approach in the understanding of the relationship of these socio-cultural sides of human existence. The design configurator is not only a synthesis of different types of subject knowledge, but rather a starting point in the methodological work on the formation of epistemological portrait of the created artifact, i.e. technological innovations using such methodological tools as socio-cultural and design approach.
Removal of pharmaceuticals by a surface water treatment plant
Authors: Chauveheid Eric , Scholdis Sabine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral pharmaceuticals were followed through a drinking water production process on the river Meuse. Tramadol and levetiracetam were the most common compounds while cytostatics were not detected. All compounds found at that intake point had an annual consumption greater than 90 mg/inhabitant. The tracer substance 1,2,3-benzotriazole allowed estimation of the maximal concentration of pharmaceuticals and the evolution profile for tramadol and sotalol. After pre-ozonation of raw water, most pharmaceuticals were completely removed, except levetiracetam and irbesartan, confirming the efficiency of this advanced oxidation process. Irbesartan and levetiracetam were completely removed by granular activated carbon filtration. Levetiracetam was the most reluctant compound. A conventional multi-barrier treatment combining ozone and activated carbon, already used for several decades before implementation in wastewater treatment, can completely remove most pharmaceuticals. Therefore, drinking water without any significant health-related amount of these pharmaceuticals can be produced from surface water.
Efekt Knobe’a z perspektywy etyki tomistycznej. Problem porządków i kompetencji normatywnych
Authors: Waleszczyński Andrzej 
Published: March 2019

W artykule podjęty zostaje problem interpretacji tzw. efektu Knobe’a, czyli pojawiającej się asymetrii w orzekaniu o intencjonalności wywołania skutku ubocznego. Występująca tendencja jest wyjaśniana „zabarwieniem moralnym” ocenianych czynów. Do tej pory dyskusje prowadzone były głównie wśród filozofów, którzy w znacznej mierze teorię moralności postrzegają jako etykę zasad. W artykule analizy rozszerzają dotychczasowe badania o nurt teleologiczny w etyce, a w szczególności o tradycję etyki tomistycznej. Dociekania filozoficzne koncentrują się na problemie porządków normatywnych, a w szczególności na dwóch typach poznania: informującego o ocenie moralnej i informującego o faktach. Zbadanie tego zagadnienia okazuje się pomocne nie tylko dla poszukiwań wyjaśnienia efektu Knobe’a, ale także lepszego zrozumienia samego zagadnienia intencjonalnego działania stosowanego w filozofii działania. W rezultacie występowanie asymetrii w przypisywaniu intencjonalności działaniom autor tłumaczy mieszaniem porządków poznawczych, które można sprowadzić do zagadnienia kompetencji normatywnych. Przy analizowaniu efektu Knobe’a kompetencje normatywne odpowiadałyby za rozróżnianie zbieranych danych poznawczych oraz porządku „czysto informującego” od porządku oceniającego, odnoszącego się do norm lub wartości.
The role of phenotypic and genetic basis of livestock selection for climate change adaptation and mitigation: A review
Authors: Tesema Zeleke , Taye Mengistie , Ayichew Desalegn 
Published: March 2019

Livestock are not only suffering from climate change, but also contribute to climate change through the direct and indirect release of greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O and CO2). Characterization, identification and conservation of heat tolerant livestock breeds are basics for future challenging climate. Properties of the skin, hair, coat color, coat type, sweating, respiration capacity, tissue insulation, surface area relative to body weight, endocrinological profiles and metabolic heat production are important factors involved for heat tolerance. Selection based on these phenotypic characteristics is play indispensible for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Molecular information is used to know the candidate gene for heat tolerance, their action, specific function and location on chromosomes thereby important for modification of gene and selection of heat tolerant breed and feed efficient animals. Genomic information also used to identify genes that regulated during a stressful event can lead to the identification of animals that are genetically superior for coping with stress. Marker assisted selection and proteomics may also be valuable in selection for secondary traits linked to adaptation, such as the genes for high levels of blood urea and ruminal ammonia in certain genotypes, associated with adaptation to low-quality C4 grasses. Scientific research results demonstrated that heat tolerance is heritable trait and variable between/within livestock breeds, thereby variation and heritability of the trait opens the window for selection of heat tolerant animals. Therefore, the combined genomic selection using genome wide DNA markers that predict tolerance to heat stress and phenotypic selection could be accelerated breeding of highly productive and heat tolerant livestock breeds. Further research should be conducted on characterization, identification of indigenous breeds at molecular level and on identification of responsible genes/genomic regions associated with thermoregulation, feed and production efficiency in order to develop suitable adaptive and mitigation strategies to counter environmental stresses.
Aktivitas fisik dengan penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia
Authors: Setyaji Diyan Yunanto , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Gunawan I Made Alit 
Published: March 2019

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is responsible for a substantial amount of early deaths, reduced quality of life and significant costs to the health and social care system. More than 3/4 CHD cases can prevented by lifestyle changes and focus on earlier risk factors management. Physical activity become a reference for the most important of primary and secondary prevention.Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease in Indonesia.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. Coronary heart disease’s history, physical activity, age, sex, economic status and consumption of fatty food were obtained from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Riskesdas 2013 used multistage cluster sampling. Subject in this study was 374.506 women and 347.823 men above 15 years old in Indonesia who answered the coronary heart disease questions which was selected purposively. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression.Results: Those who did not perform vigorous-intensity physical activity or who only did it less than 80 minutes per week had a higher prevalence of CHD than those who were more active [2.63 (2.44-2.86); p=0.00].Conclusion: Physical activity had a significant association with CHD events in people above 15 years old in Indonesia.
PUBLICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS DAS ETNOCIÊNCIAS - CAMINHOS PASSADOS E FUTUROS
Authors: Tomchinsky Bernardo , Barros Flávio Bezerra , Corona-M Eduardo , Ming Lin Chau , Welch James R 
Published: March 2019

<p>Este debate entre editores de revistas científicas que publicam trabalhos nas áreas de etnobiologia e etnoecologia foi proposto para fomentar uma discussão a fim de compreender aspectos relacionados ao processo editorial e às tendências dentro das respectivas áreas. Participaram editores das revistas Ethnoscientia, Ethnobiology Letters, Etnobiología e Amazônica: revista de antropologia, que redigiram perguntas norteadoras aos demais colegas. A partir deste debate observamos que todos os quatro editores possuem posicionamentos semelhantes sobre diversos temas acerca da publicação de trabalhos científicos nas áreas de etnobiologia e etnoecologia. Fica claro que estas revistas não impõe nenhuma linha restritiva quanto aos tipos trabalhos publicados e compartilham grande preocupação quanto à qualidade geral dos trabalhos publicados, às questões éticas atreladas a eles, bem como o respeito à diversidade, autonomia e a participação ativa dos povos e comunidades tradicionais colaboradoras. Outro fator comum a estas publicações é a preocupação com a democratização e acessibilidade às revistas, questão que as fazem buscar diferentes estratégias para viabilizar o acesso dos autores e também dos leitores. </p>
Hyphomycetes acuáticos de Magallanes (Chile)
Authors: Burgos E. Julio , Shearer Carola 
Published: March 2019

En noviembre de 1982 se realizó una prospección de hongos acuáticos presentes en la península de Brunswick, en Magallanes (Chile). Desde esteros, ríos y lagunas se colectaron hojas sumergidas en descomposición, y muestras de la espuma formada. Los resultados de esta prospección indican ventajas y desventajas de ambos métodos de muestreo y la variedad y abundancia relativa de especies. Ellas son registradas por primera vez en esta zona austral de Chile, de las cuales, cinco son nuevas para Sudamérica. Según el análisis de la espuma, los conidios más abundantes corresponden a AIatospora sp.2, Fontanospora eccentricum, Scorpiosporium minutum y Varicosporium delicatum.
Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Pada Diagnosa Penyakit Saraf Tulang Belakang
Authors: Sucipto Adi , Fernando Yusra , Borman Rohmat Indra , Mahmuda Nisa 
Published: March 2019

Dalam menganalisa sebuah informasi dimungkinkan seorang pakar mengungkapkan informasi berupa pernyataan yang tidak pasti seperti mungkin, kemungkinan besar dan hampir pasti.Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam mengatasi ketidak pastian adalah metode certainty factor. Certainty factor merupakan metode yang mendefinisikan ukuran kepastian terhadap fakta atau aturan untuk menggambarkan keyakinan seorang pakar terhadap masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Untuk membantu dan mempermudah masyarakat dalam mendiagnosa penyakit saraf tulang belakang dapat menerapkan metode certainty factor pada sistem pakar. Saraf bagian tulang belakang merupakan organ yang penting bagi manusia. Terbatas dan tidak meratanya dokter spesialis saraf tulang belakang di Indonesia mengakibatkan masyarakat kesulitan dalam mendiagnosa penyakit tersebut. Sistem pakar dapat membantu untuk diagnosa penyakit, dimana sistem ini untuk merekonstruksi keahlian dan penalaran kemampuan seorang pakar. Pada penelitian ini, certainty factor diimplementasikan pada aplikasi diagnosa penyakit saraf tulang belakang. Sistem diujicobakan pada sejumlah masukan, hasil pengujian didapatkan memberikan hasil sesuai dengan perhitungan manual. Hasil pengujian dengan uji coba pada sejumlah masukan yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa pengujian memberikan hasil sesuai dengan perhitungan manual. Sedangkan pengujian akurasi kesesuaian dari data testing yang didapatkan oleh pakar dengan output sistempakar didapatkan hasil output yang sesuai sebanyak sebesar 90%.