bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parity as a Property of Integers
Authors: Ziobro Rafał 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Even and odd numbers appear early in history of mathematics [9], as they serve to describe the property of objects easily noticeable by human eye [7]. Although the use of parity allowed to discover irrational numbers [6], there is a common opinion that this property is “not rich enough to become the main content focus of any particular research” [9].
On the other hand, due to the use of decimal system, divisibility by 2 is often regarded as the property of the last digit of a number (similarly to divisibility by 5, but not to divisibility by any other primes), which probably restricts its use for any advanced purposes.
The article aims to extend the definition of parity towards its notion in binary representation of integers, thus making an alternative to the articles grouped in [5], [4], and [3] branches, formalized in Mizar [1], [2].
Anti-Atopic Dermatitis of Purified Bee Venom on Keratinocytes Via Suppression of PAR2, ICAM-1, and IL-6 Expression
Authors: Han Sang Mi , Kim Se Gun , Jang Hye Ri , Woo Soon Ok , Pak Sok Cheon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with immune-mediated abnormalities in the skin. The history and severity of AD are risk factors for dust mite allergy. Bee venom (BV) is used in a complementary medicine to treat various diseases and skin disorders. Purified BV is obtained through electric stunning with a BV collector, without the harming of honeybees, followed by the removal of impurities from the collected BV and lyophilization of the final product. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of purified BV for AD, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of BV on house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigen-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. The results showed that D. farinae induced significant increased levels of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to those in the normal control. However, purified BV inhibited the elevated expression of PAR2, ICAM-1 and IL-6 at the gene and protein levels. Thus, purified BV may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment and management of AD.
Contribution to Bee Fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of Poland. VI. The Genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775. PART 2
Authors: Wiśniowski Bogdan , Motyka Ewelina , Celary Waldemar , Szczepko Katarzyna 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper presents new records of the following six very rare or scarcely recorded species of short-tongued bees of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 in Poland: A. (Simandrena) congruens Schmiedeknecht, 1883; A. (Taeniandrena) lathyri Alfken, 1899; A. (Simandrena) lepida Schenck, 1861; A. (Poliandrena) polita Smith, 1847; A. (Suandrena) suerinensis Friese, 1884 and A. (Poliandrena) tarsata Nylander, 1848. This is the second contribution concerning the rare species of the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 in Poland. The studies were based on museum collections as well as the author’s own collections. During the research, approximately 21,000 specimens of mining bees of the genus Andrena from Poland were identified representing ninety-five taxa. The species discussed in the paper are known from just a few records in the country. The following information is provided for each species: short diagnosis, remarks on general distribution, bionomics, published records from Poland and confirmed Polish records based on studied collections. The text is accompanied by SEM micrographs showing diagnostic characters and distribution maps.
Varroacidal Efficiency of Treatment with Amitraz in Honey Bee Colonies with Brood
Authors: Pohorecka Krystyna , Skubida Piotr , Semkiw Piotr 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of amitraz fumigation against Varroa destructor in honey bee colonies with brood. Within this project the following aspects were taken into consideration: strength of colony, the number of treatments, time intervals between treatments and way of its performance. Honey bee colonies with brood were fumigated four times with one tablet of Apiwarol® per each treatment every four, six, eight and ten days. The tablets with amitraz were burned in the electrical device Wakont or directly in hives. In case of amitraz fumigation with Wakont even four treatments reduced infestations of V. destructor to a limited extent, on average from 40 to 61% of mite populations. A similar effectiveness among the treatments has been ascertained regardless of intervals between them. The efficacy of amitraz combustion in hives was slightly higher and statistically significant only after four treatments. Moreover, beyond brood area, the population of worker bees turned out to determine treatment efficacy with amitraz in this form and modes of administration. In honey bee colonies with brood, even four amitraz fumigations do not decrease the level V. destructor infestation to the extent that it is safe for wintered bees.
The Nature of Theology and the Extent of the Atonement
Authors: Holmes Stephen R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article considers the post-Reformation debates over the extent of the Atonement. It traces the origins of these debates from the articles of the Arminian Remonstrance of 1610 through the declarations of the supporters of the Synod of Dort in 1618-19. The debate is then considered in relation to an English Baptist context, and specifically the exegetical dispute over the meaning of the word ‘all’ in 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 and Romans 3:23-4. Three options are examined and the various difficulties in arbitrating between these various interpretations. Recognising these difficulties, the article goes on to explore the relationship between scriptural exegesis and theology with reference to the formulation of the ecumenical doctrine of the Trinity in the fourth century. It argues that while theology should always attempt to be consistent with the exegetical data on occasion it proves inconclusive, as in the case of the debate over the extent of the atonement. In such cases the role of theology becomes one of mediation as it seeks a way of reading the texts of Scripture that allows them to be heard without contradicting each other. Again, this is illustrated from the fourth century and the Christology of Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nyssa. Returning to the question of atonement with this understanding of the task of theology the article seeks to propose a way to reconcile the biblical texts which speak of the atonement as both universal and limited.
The Balfour Declaration: Scottish Presbyterian Eschatology and British Policy Towards Palestine
Authors: Black Alasdair 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article considers the theological influences on the Balfour Declaration which was made on the 2 November 1917 and for the first time gave British governmental support to the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It explores the principal personalities and political workings behind the Declaration before going on to argue the statement cannot be entirely divested from the religious sympathies of those involved, especially Lord Balfour. Thereafter, the paper explores the rise of Christian Restorationism in the context of Scottish Presbyterianism, charting how the influence of Jonathan Edwards shaped the thought of Thomas Chalmers on the role of the Jews in salvation history which in turn influenced the premillennialism of Edward Irving and his Judeo-centric eschatology. The paper then considers the way this eschatology became the basis of John Darby’s premillennial dispensationalism and how in an American context this theology began to shape the thinking of Christian evangelicals and through the work of William Blackstone provide the basis of popular and political support for Zionism. However, it also argues the political expressions of premillennial dispensationalism only occurred in America because the Chicago evangelist Dwight L. Moody was exposed to the evolving thinking of Scottish Presbyterians regarding Jewish restoration. This thinking had emerged from a Church of Scotland ‘Mission of Inquiry’ to Palestine in 1839 and been advanced by Alexander Keith, Horatius Bonar and David Brown. Finally, the paper explores how this Scottish Presbyterian heritage influenced the rise of Zionism and Balfour and his political judgements.
A review on the dosimetrical and radiobiological prediction of radiation-induced hypothyroidism in radiation therapy of head-and-neck cancer, breast cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors
Authors: Namdar Aysan Mohammad , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Okutan Murat , Mesbahi Asghar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A review on the radiobiological modeling of radiation-induced hypothyroidism after radiation therapy of head-and-neck cancers, breast cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma is presented. The current review is based on data relating to dose-volume constrains and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) as a function of either radiobiological or (pre)treatment-clinical parameters. Also, these data were explored in order to provide more helpful criteria for radiobiological optimization of treatment plans involving thyroid gland as a critical normal organ.
Implementation of compensator-based intensity modulated radiotherapy with a conventional telecobalt machine using missing tissue approach
Authors: Tagoe Samuel N. A. , Mensah Samuel Y. , Fletcher John J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to generate intensity-modulated beams with compensators for a conventional telecobalt machine, based on dose distributions generated with a treatment planning system (TPS) performing forward planning, and cannot directly simulate a compensator.
Materials and Methods: The following materials were selected for compensator construction: Brass, Copper and Perspex (PMMA). Boluses with varying thicknesses across the surface of a tissue-equivalent phantom were used to achieve beam intensity modulations during treatment planning with the TPS. Beam data measured for specific treatment parameters in a full scatter water phantom with a 0.125 cc cylindrical ionization chamber, with a particular compensator material in the path of beams from the telecobalt machine, and that without the compensator but the heights of water above the detector adjusted to get the same detector readings as before, were used to develop and propose a semi-empirical equation for converting a bolus thickness to compensator material thickness, such that any point within the phantom would receive the planned dose. Once the dimensions of a compensator had been determined, the compensator was constructed using the cubic pile method. The treatment plans generated with the TPS were replicated on the telecobalt machine with a bolus within each beam represented with its corresponding compensator mounted on the accessory holder of the telecobalt machine.
Results: Dose distributions measured in the tissue-equivalent phantom with calibrated Gafchromic EBT2 films for compensators constructed based on the proposed approach, were comparable to those of the TPS with deviation less than or equal to ± 3% (mean of 2.29 ± 0.61%) of the measured doses, with resultant confidence limit value of 3.21. Conclusion: The use of the proposed approach for clinical application is recommended, and could facilitate the generation of intensity-modulated beams with limited resources using the missing tissue approach rendering encouraging results.
Olympus: Sensor Privacy through Utility Aware Obfuscation
Authors: Raval Nisarg , Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Pan Jerry 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Personal data garnered from various sensors are often offloaded by applications to the cloud for analytics. This leads to a potential risk of disclosing private user information. We observe that the analytics run on the cloud are often limited to a machine learning model such as predicting a user’s activity using an activity classifier. We present Olympus, a privacy framework that limits the risk of disclosing private user information by obfuscating sensor data while minimally affecting the functionality the data are intended for. Olympus achieves privacy by designing a utility aware obfuscation mechanism, where privacy and utility requirements are modeled as adversarial networks. By rigorous and comprehensive evaluation on a real world app and on benchmark datasets, we show that Olympus successfully limits the disclosure of private information without significantly affecting functionality of the application.
Tithonus: A Bitcoin Based Censorship Resilient System
Authors: Recabarren Ruben , Carbunar Bogdan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Providing reliable and surreptitious communications is difficult in the presence of adaptive and resourceful state level censors. In this paper we introduce Tithonus, a framework that builds on the Bitcoin blockchain and network to provide censorship-resistant communication mechanisms. In contrast to previous approaches, we do not rely solely on the slow and expensive blockchain consensus mechanism but instead fully exploit Bitcoin’s peer-to-peer gossip protocol. We develop adaptive, fast and cost effective data communication solutions that camouflage client requests into inconspicuous Bitcoin transactions. We propose solutions to securely request and transfer content, with unobservability and censorship resistance, and free, pay-per-access and subscription based payment options. When compared to state-of-the-art Bitcoin writing solutions, Tithonus reduces the cost of transferring data to censored clients by 2 orders of magnitude and increases the goodput by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude. We show that Tithonus client initiated transactions are hard to detect, while server initiated transactions cannot be censored without creating split world problems to the Bit-coin blockchain.
Cross-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transport Part 2/1: Applications in Mechanics
Authors: Andras Szekeres , Balazs Fekete 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Based on the theory laid down in the Part 1 [1] in this paper we are going to display applications in physics and especially in mechanics. After a short summary on coupled fields in mechanics, we generally analyze the analogies in mechanics. As the most important, the electrical analogy is discussed in details. By the electrical analogy based analytical solution we display the results of the coupled thermo-hygro problem with second sound. Finally, a few experiments are discussed, eg. experiments by electrical analogy, experiment on diffusivities, experiment on relaxation time, experiment on hydroglobe. This latter one leads to the engineering application of the problem.
The Finite Element Analysis of High Precision Positioning System
Authors: František Trebuňa , Jozef Bocko , Miroslav Pástor , Pavol Lengvarský , Erik Prada 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with design and computation of precise positioning mechanism. The aim of mechanism is to transfer applied load without any change of position of parts in question. The stabilization of position is assured by elastic elements connected to reductor which is adjusted into correct position by an actuator. The functionality of mechanism and its stiffness and strength characteristics were checked by the finite element method. The computations were accomplished for prescribed displacement of reductor. On the base of this type of loading the behaviour of the structure was evaluated.
Wave Coupling Analysis in the Elastic Waveguides of Quarter Wavelength Noise Absorbers
Authors: Radoslav Darula , Sergey Sorokin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The analytical model of a fluid filled cylindrical shell is used to analyse the wave propagation in the quarter wavelength absorbers. It has been found, that due to the strong fluid-structure interaction, the considerable wave speed reduction can be reached using a compliant shell. Thus via parametric studies, the dimensions of the absorbers are assessed to reach more efficient and compact design. Furthermore, the use of the compliant materials allows treating the fluid to be incompressible, which helps to simplify the calculations.
School Management Application Using iOS
Authors: Asaad Renas R. , Segerey Rasan Ismael 
Published: January 2019

Recently, the mobile application become a big service that’s make users easy manage the data over the server. The Application consist several sections. First section the Front End used is Swift Language in Xcode platform with MySQL and web server. Second section the Back End used is MySQL. In this paper there are several modules such as Data Entry module, Data Records module. These modules are further divided in to sub modules. That is Class Setup, Student Setup, Teacher Setup, Student Attendance, Subject Setup, Examination Setup and Exam Details are in Data Entry module. Student Details, Teacher Records, Student Attendance are in the Data Records module. These modules give way in managing the organization efficiently. So, this project helps in efficient management of human resource inside the organization. Also, it consumes less time consumption. The main and important benefit of this proposed Application is that it is very much user friendly and accurate. So the employees and the administrators feel so much comfortable to work with it. Also in all the modules the regularly updated information are very much useful when they are extracted.
Saving Energy Using Local Available Insulation Materials in Erbil
Authors: Ibrahim Ali M. , Ibraheem Ramzi R. , Weli Rizgar B. 
Published: January 2019

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate how much energy may be saved through the use of thermal insulation in the walls and roofs of buildings, experimental tests were done to show percentage of saving energy in walls and roofs. The experimental result shows that the maximum energy saving for the walls when using Rockwool as insulation is75.1% but when using of extruding polystyrene (XPS), it is 73.9%. Similarly, for the roof the results are 66.6% and 61.1% respectively. A theoretical method based on annual energy saving using Degree-Day Method, has been employed for Erbil city. The percentage of energy saving using Rockwool, in case of walls is 77.9% for heating, and it is 78% for cooling. In the similar manner the percentage of energy saving for Erbil city is 77.3% for heating, and cooling when using xps, in case of walls but for the roofs the percentage of energy saving is 80.5% for heating and cooling when using rock wool and 80.1% when using XPS.
Uji Kelayakan Mesin Frais Type Schaublin 13 Menggunakan Metoda Pengujian Ketelitian Geometrik
Authors: Rikosa Siska Angraini Rikosa , Sumiati Ruzita , Yetri Yuli 
Published: January 2019

Mesin Frais termasuk mesin perkakas yang mampu melakukan banyak variasi bentuk pekerjaan dibandingkan dengan mesin perkakas lainnya. Di bengkel Politeknik Negeri Padang mesin tersebut digunakan untuk keperluan praktek mahasiswa dan untuk proses produk sudah berumur 30 tahun. Benda kerja dari hasil praktek milling mahasiswa kualitasnya kurang baik yaitu adanya penyimpangan dari karakteristik geometri (ukuran, bentuk dan kehalusan). Keakuratan kinerja mesin perkakas sangat penting dalam proses manufaktur sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas tinggi. Tujuan dilakukan pengujian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya penyimpangan geometrik yang terjadi pada keadaan statik pada mesin perkakas Frais Type Schaublin 13. Penyimpangan ketelitian geometrik suatu mesin dapat diketahui melalui pengujian yang mengacu pada standar yang baku. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai penyimpangan hasil pengujian yang telah diambil dengan nilai penyimpangan izin menurut standar ISO 1710. Penyimpangan terjadi pada pengukuran kelurusan dan pengukuran kesejajaran. Pada pengukuran kelurusan diperoleh rata-rata penyimpangan ketelitian geometris adalah 0,0267 dan 0,0228 sedangkan penyimpangan maksimum yang diizinkan adalah 0,02 dengan jarak 300 mm. Sedangkan pengukuran kesejajaran didapatkan rata-rata penyimpangan ketelitian geometris mesin adalah 0,0741 dan 0,0783 dan penyimpangan maksimum yang diizinkan adalah 0,025 dengan jarak 300 mm. Pengukuran kesejajaran ketelitian geometris mesin melebihi batas penyimpangan maksimum yang diizinkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kelurusan dan kesejajaran didapatkan penyimpangan yang melebihi batas yang diizinkan pada mesin yang digunakan. Mesin tersebut seharusnya tidak dipakai untuk pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang memiliki kepresisian yang tinggi, dan sebaiknya diganti dengan mesin yang baru.
Pemanfaatan Air Limbah Wet Scrubber Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) Industri Kertas sebagai Medium Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis
Authors: Khairunnissa Isni Nur , Asthary Prima Besty , Saepulloh Saepulloh , Mulyani Rahmaniar 
Published: January 2019

Proses flue gas desulohurization (FGD) dengan wet scrubber adalah suatu proses untuk menurunkan konsentrasi SOx gas buang hasil pembakaran. Proses inidapat mengatasi polusi udara dengan cara menurunkan emisi gas dan partikel debu sehingga menghasilkan gas buangan yang lebih bersih. Air limbah wet scrubber bersifat asam. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan air limbah wet scrubber adalah untuk budidaya mikroalga. Spirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga yang berwarna hijau kebiruan yang mempunyai nilai gizi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi air limbah wet scrubber sebagai medium pertumbuhan S. platensis dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi air limbah yang optimum bagi pertumbuhan S. platensis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Air limbah wet srubber dengan konsentrasi 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% digunakan sebagai medium pertumbuhan S. platensis. Selama kultivasi, dilakukan pengamatan pH, produksi biomassa, dan kandungan fikosianin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa air limbah wet scrubber dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai medium pertumbuhan S. platensis. Konsentrasi optimum bagi pertumbuhan S. platensis adalah campuran dari 75% air limbah wet scrubber dan 25% medium Zarrouk.Kata kunci : air limbah, flue gas desulphurization, wet scrubber, Spirulina platensis Utilization of Wet Scrubber Wastewater from Flue Gas Desuphurization (FGD) of Paper Industry as a Growth Medium for Spirulina platensisAbstractThe flue gas desulohurization (FGD) withwet scrubber is a process to reduce the concentration of SOx of the flue gas from combustion. This process can resolve the air pollution by reducing gas emission and the dust particles in the liquid droplets to produce cleaner flue gas. The wet scrubber wastewater is acidic. An alternative utilization of wet scrubber wastewater is for cultivation of microalgae. Spirulina platensis is bluish-green microalgae containing high nutritional value. The objective of this research is to determine the potential and the optimum concentration of wastewater from wet scrubber as growth medium of Spirulina. platensis. The research method was observation in the laboratory with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. The wastewater from wet scrubber with a concentration of 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % was used as growth medium of S. platensis. During cultivation, pH, biomass production, and pigment phycocyanin were measured. The results indicated that the wastewater of wet scrubber can be utilized as a growth medium of S. platensis. The optimum concentration for the growth of S. platensis is the mixture of 75% of the wastewater from wet scrubber and 25% of medium Zarrouk.Keywords : wastewater, flue gas desulphurization, wet scrubber, Spirulina platensis