bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of plyometric exercise on bone mineralisation and physical fitness in adolescents
Authors: Syahrul Syahrul , Rijal Rijal , Hardianto Yudi , Rabia Rabia 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPlyometric exercise is the preferred type of exercise to promote bone health due to its role on providing high-impact loading of bone tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plyometric training on bone mineralisation and physical fitness between male and female adolescents.MethodsThis study was a parallel 2-arm trial with 1:1 randomisation to the plyometric or control group. This study was conducted at SMA Negeri 21 Makassar, Indonesia, which included 18 second year of high school students actively engaging in physical activity at least once a week. The plyometric training consisted of a warming-up period, plyometric session, and cooling-down period performed by participants in the plyometric group, three days/week for six months. The control group was informed to stay active during the study period. Bone mineralisation and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and after the 6-month intervention.ResultsA significantly higher improvement of VO2 max was presented in the female plyometric group, compared to the control group (% improvement: 81.6 and 13.4 respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001) over time. The plyometric group also experienced a significant increase (+4.9 cm) in body height over time, while the control group only demonstrated a slight increase (+1.4 cm). Significant increases in total dual femur BMD and trochanter BMC were observed in the male plyometric group.ConclusionsThe increases in BMD and BMC were only observed in male adolescents following plyometric training. Meanwhile, improvement in VO2 max was more pronounced in female adolescents engaging with plyometric training.
Effect of yoga exercises on lung volumes, vital capacity, and attention span in school going students
Authors: Joshi Reema , Rathi Manisha , Kaur Komal Preet 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe digital age has made children more dependent on digital sources for study and entertainment, which leads to increased physical inactivity that contributes to reduced work breathing and attention. Yoga Sana can be a promising form of physical activity that improves a child’s lung function and attention span if, started at a young age. To find out the effect of yoga exercises on lung volumes, vital capacity, and attention span in school-going children.MethodsA total of 56 children between the ages of 10–15 years were included using the chit method. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A (yoga group, <i>n</i> = 27) and group B (control group, <i>n</i> = 27). The students of both groups were assessed for chest expansion, lung volumes, and attention span. Group A (yoga group) was trained to perform yoga exercises 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Group B (control group) children were asked to perform daily activities. At the end of the 4 weeks, post-assessment of both the groups was assessed, documented, and statistically analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-tests.ResultsRespiratory parameters (FEV1, FVC/FEV1, and PEFR), chest expansion, and the attention span of group A were statistically significant compared to group B with a <i>p</i>-value < 0.05.ConclusionsYoga exercises led to improvement in lung volumes, vital capacity, and attention in school-going students.
Comparisons between chest trunk mobilization with sustained maximum inspiration and flow incentive spirometry on chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Wattanananont Khanistha , Buranapuntalug Sasipa , Laohathai Sira 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionChest trunk mobilization with sustained maximum inspiration (SMI) and flow incentive spirometry (flow IS) are breathing techniques that mostly apply to patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chest trunk mobilization with SMI and flow IS on chest expansion, respiratory muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity in patients undergoing VATS.MethodsSixty VATS patients were randomly allocated into chest trunk mobilization with SMI (<i>n</i> = 30) and flow IS (<i>n</i> = 30) groups. Each group performed a physical therapy program preoperatively and 4 days post-operatively. Chest expansion at upper, middle, and lower levels, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths, and functional exercise capacity were determined at pre- and post-VATS.ResultsIn both groups, chest expansion at all levels, expiratory muscle strength, and distance of the 6MWT significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) post-operatively compared to pre-operative assessments, although there was no significant difference between groups. In addition, inspiratory muscle strength significantly improved from baseline in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but the flow IS group showed a greater increase than the chest trunk mobilization with the SMI group (78.17 ± 24.16 and 65.57 ± 20.39 cmH2O, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsChest trunk mobilization with SMI and flow IS can improve chest expansion at all levels, as well as respiratory muscle strength and the distance of the 6MWT. However, flow IS enhances inspiratory muscle strength to a greater extent than chest trunk mobilization with SMI. Ultimately, both techniques can be applied effectively in patients undergoing VATS.
Donor site healing response to low-level laser therapy following skin graft surgery
Authors: Salem Mahmoud Salah , Ashem Haidy Nady , Abdelghani Salah Mohamed , Kamel Noha Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSkin grafting is an essential reconstructive technique for the healing of deep and extensive burns. Donor site problems are common complications after skin graft surgery. Speeding up the healing process at the donor site using low-level laser therapy helps avoid these problems. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of low-level laser therapy in promoting donor site healing in burn patients who underwent skin graft surgery.MethodsForty patients of both genders (16 male, 24 female) aged 20–40 years suffered full-thickness burns with a total body surface area varying from 20 to 35% and had undergone split-thickness skin graft surgery were selected randomly and divided into two equal groups. The low-level laser therapy group (study group) attended three sessions per week for three weeks, while the placebo group (control group) received sham laser treatments. All patients received conventional medical treatment and traditional wound care (dressing). Photography and J Image software were used to measure wound surface area before the treatment (day 1 post-operative), day 11 post-operative, and day 21 post-operative in both groups.ResultsThe study and control groups demonstrated a substantial reduction in wound surface area at day 11 and day 21 post-operative compared with day 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the percentage of improvement of 88.69% and 98.73% and 50.18% and 80.22%, respectively. On day 21 compared to day 11 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), the percentage of improvement was 88.81% and 60.30%, respectively. Between-group comparisons revealed a significant decrease in wound surface area at day 11 and day 21 post-operative in the study group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001).ConclusionsLow-level laser therapy is an effective modality for enhancing wound healing of the donor site in burned patients undergoing skin graft surgery.
Reliability and concurrent validity of the iHandy level mobile application to measure thoracolumbar range of motion in low back pain patients
Authors: Ijaz Nimra , Riaz Saima , Raza Tahreem , Ali Sidra 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe use of smartphone technology and software (apps), in addition to an inclinometer and goniometer, has expanded the clinician’s assessment possibilities. However, the legitimacy and trustworthiness of these cell phones and applications are still questioned. This study aimed to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of the iHandy level mobile application to measure the thoracolumbar range of motion in people with low back pain.MethodsThis descriptive study included 40 participants, of which 20 were symptomatic, and 20 were asymptomatic for non-specific chronic pain in the lower back. Measurements were taken for extension, flexion, and left and right-side bending range of motion (ROM). Two investigators were involved. One measured ROM values with a Samsung iHandy level and inclinometer, and the second investigator registered the data. Two values were taken and the mean was used for further analysis. Measurements were taken at baseline and one-week follow-up.ResultsIn asymptomatic participants, the mobile application had ICC values of 0.81, 0.70, 0.79, and 0.85, while in symptomatic, regarding intra-rater reliability, these were 0.80, 0.78, 0.81Regarding the concurrent validity of mobile apps in asymptomatic patients, ICC values were 0.94, 0.93, 0.84, and 0.89, while in symptomatic patients, the ICC values were found to be 0.92, 0.89, 0.83, and 0.85 for flexion, extension, RLF, and LLF, respectively. These showed an excellent correlation between the inclinometer and mobile app regarding intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity.ConclusionsiHandy level smartphone applications might be considered reliable and valid for assessing thoracolumbar motion ranges in individuals with chronic pain in the lower back.
Effect of breathing exercises with biofeedback on blood pressure in pre-hypertensive women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Botla Afaf M. , Ebrahim Reham S. , Elkosery Soheir M. , Darwesh Ahmed M. , Mohamed Dina M.A. 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPre-hypertensive women are significantly more likely to develop hypertension or serious cardiovascular disease (CV). Autonomic nervous system abnormalities, such as sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal, are most likely the earliest functional changes in hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breathing exercises with biofeedback on blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and skin galvanic response (SGR).MethodsThirty middle-aged women with pre-hypertension (120/80–139/89 mm Hg) were recruited from Ain Shams University. They were divided randomly into two equal groups, with ages ranging from 30 to 40: study group (group A) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute) combined with frontal electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training (3 days per week for 10 sessions) and a control group (group B) who performed slow abdominal breathing (six cycles/minute, 3 days per week for 10 sessions). All subjects were assessed by measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HRV, RR, and SGR levels before and after the intervention.ResultsSBP, DBP, RR, and SGR mean values showed a statistically significant decline; however, Group A’s HRV post-treatment increased significantly compared to pre-treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.001). In Group B, there was no significant difference in DBP or SGR; however, there was a substantial drop in SBP and HRV (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and a significant rise in RR (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Following therapy, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of DBP, HRV, RR, and SGR (<i>p</i> = 0.001), favouring group A.ConclusionsAs a result, it is possible to infer that breathing exercises combined with biofeedback were beneficial in lowering BP in middle-aged pre-hypertensive women.
The Effect of Investment, Unemployement, Inflation, Human Development and Government Expenditure on Economic Growth and Poverty in Indonesia
Authors: Oktavia Shintami , Matondang Muhammad Alhasymi , Handriyani Richna , Amar Syamsul 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of investment, unemployment, inflation, human development and government spending on economic growth and poverty in Indonesia. This study uses panel data for 2012-2021 in 33 provinces, which is analyzed using a simultaneous equation approach using the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method and to look at the mutual relationships between endogenous variables using the Granjer model (Causality Test). This research uses hypothesis testing, namely the F test and t test. The results of this research; First, equation 1. The influence of investment, unemployment and inflation together have a significant effect on economic growth. Partially, first, poverty has no significant effect on economic growth. Second, investment has no significant effect on economic growth. Third, unemployment has a significant effect on economic growth. Fourth, inflation has a significant effect on economic growth. Then equation 2 the effects of inflation, human development and government spending together have a significant effect on poverty. Partially, first, economic growth has no significant effect on poverty. Second, inflation has a significant effect on poverty. Third, human development has a significant effect on poverty. Fourth, government spending has no significant effect on poverty. The result of Granjer's model (causality test) is that there is no reciprocal relationship between economic growth and poverty.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA (Eksperimen pada Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 84 Jakarta Utara)
Authors: PUTRA ANDHY RACHMAT , HARTATI LENY , NASUTION SUMIAH 
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of contextual learning methods on students' critical mathematical thinking abilities for the 2022/2023 academic year. The type of research used is quantitative, with an experimental method. The population was 60 students in class VIII-A and VIII-B of SMP Negeri 84 Jakarta and a sample of 40 students taken using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis of mathematics learning outcomes was taken using a mathematics test in the form of multiple choices consisting of 5 alternative answer choices which had been tested using a reliability test. The results of the hypothesis test show that the tcount = 16.43 and the ttable value for ? = 0.05 and dk = 38 is 2.00.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Kontekstual terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan metode experiment. Populasinya adalah siswa kelas VIII-A dan VIII-B SMP Negeri 84 Jakarta sebanyak 60 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 40 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data hasil belajar matematika diambil menggunakan tes soal matematika berupa pilihan ganda yang terdiri atas 5 alternatif pilihan jawaban yang telah diuji denan uji reliabilitas. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung = 16,43 dan nilai ttabel untuk = 0,05 dan dk = 38 sebesar 2,00.
Soil is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change
Authors: Kopittke Peter M. , Dalal Ram C. , McKenna Brigid A. , Smith Pete , Wang Peng , Weng Zhe , van der Bom Frederik J. T. , Menzies Neal W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract. It is unequivocal that human activities have increased emissions of greenhouse gases, that this is causing warming, and that these changes will be irreversible for centuries to millennia. Whilst previous studies have broadly examined the contribution of agriculture or land use change to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the contribution of soil itself remains unclear, with quantifying the contribution of soil in this regard being critical for developing and implementing appropriate management practices. In the present study, we used previously published datasets for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane to determine soil-based emissions of greenhouse gases and their contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. We show that our near-complete reliance on soil to produce the rapidly increasing quantities of food being demanded by humans has caused soil to release profound amounts of greenhouse gases that are threatening the future climate. Indeed, net anthropogenic emissions from soil alone account for 15 % of the entire global increase in climate warming (radiative forcing) caused by well-mixed greenhouse gases, with carbon dioxide being the most important gas emitted from soil (74 % of total soil-derived warming), followed by nitrous oxide (17 %) and methane (9 %). There is an urgent need to prevent further land use change (including for biofuel production) to limit the release of carbon dioxide that results from the loss of soil organic carbon, to develop strategies to increase nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in order to reduce nitrous oxide emissions, to decrease methane from rice paddies, and to ensure that the widespread thawing of permafrost is avoided. Innovative approaches are urgently required for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from soil if we are to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2.0 °C.
Stirring Coffee
Authors: Schikorra Armin 
Published: December 2024

Have you ever pondered, after gently swirling a spoon through your steaming cup of coffee, whether, despite your meticulous stirring efforts, a solitary coffee molecule might have ended up exactly at the position where it was before stirring? Legend has it that Dutch mathematician Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (1881–1966) engaged in precisely such an experiment, ultimately establishing what is now celebrated as the Brouwer Fixed Point theorem – a beautiful result combining Topology with Analysis.
O konieczności nowelizacji prawa albo procedury karnej w świetle uchwały Izby Karnej Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 9 listopada 2021 r., sygn. I KZP 5/21
Authors: Jaworski Damian , Siwek Klaudia 
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie zasadności aktualnego brzmienia art. 233 § 1a k.k. Zdaniem autorów, w świetle uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 9 listopada 2021 r., sygn. I KZP 5/21, przepis ten – alternatywnie procedura karna w zakresie prawa do obrony – wymaga nowelizacji.
Prawne aspekty podejmowania aktów ekspre-sji religijnej na sali rozpraw
Authors: Maroń Grzegorz 
Published: December 2024

W artykule ustosunkowano się do kwestii dopuszczalności reglamentacji aktów ekspresji religijnej – zwłaszcza tych polegających na noszeniu religijnych elementów stroju czy symboli – przez osoby przebywające na sali rozpraw. Zagadnienie to nie jest zwykle regulowane wprost przepisami prawa w poszczególnych państwach, a obrana praktyka zależy od przyjętego rozumienia zasady wolności religijnej jednostki, neutralności religijnej władz publicznych (państwa) oraz niezależności i bezstronności sędziowskiej. Przeprowadzone komparatystyczne studium pokazuje, że brak jest jednolitego stanowiska co do możliwości dawania wyrazu religijnej tożsamości na sali rozpraw, gdzie np. inkluzywnemu podejściu brytyjskiego porządku prawnego przeciwstawić można obostrzenia co do ekspresji religijnej na sali sądowej we Francji. Legalność zakazywania aktów ekspresji religijnej zależy od tego, o czyje (kogo) ekspresję chodzi. Sędziowie, oskarżyciele publiczni i ławnicy (przysięgli) jako funkcjonariusze publiczni podlegają zasadzie neutralności religijnej, a w związku z tym co do zasady powinni powstrzymywać się z uzewnętrznianiem swoich religijnych przekonań. Ta sama zasada nie może usprawiedliwiać zakazywania aktów ekspresji religijnej osobom prywatnym (strona postępowania, świadek, przedstawiciel publiczności) znajdującym się w sądzie. Podstaw dla proporcjonalnej i mającej charakter wyjątku ingerencji w wolność wyznania tych osób można natomiast doszukiwać się w potrzebie ochrony np. bezpieczeństwa publicznego, porządku czy prawa do sprawiedliwego procesu. Dyskusyjna pozostaje racjonalizacja ograniczania wolności religijnej przedstawicieli procesowych stron na sali sądowej.
РАЗРАБОТКА ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА СОСТАВ ГАЗА ПРИ КОМПРИМИРОВАНИИ
Authors: Амиргалиев Едилхан , Мерембаев Тимур , Рудаков Владислав 
Published: December 2024

Процесс компримирования биогаза играет ключевую роль в его использовании как возобновляемого источника энергии. Компримирование, или сжатие, биогаза необходимо для улучшения его транспортабельности, хранения и последующего использования в различных энергетических системах. Моделировать процесс компримирования является сложным процессом, так как имеется множество динамических параметров в установки биогазовой установки. В частности изменения давления в физическом процессе компримирования влияет на физические свойства газа, но и на его химический состав. В данном исследовании рассматриваются подходы к моделированию с точки зрения энергетической системы, а также с точки зрения оптимизации процессов установки. Мы используем язык Python для среды моделирования процесса компримирования, в частности мы моделируем изменения давления на состав газа при компримировании. Данная разработанная среда моделирования позволяет визуализировать изменения в составе газа в трехмерном пространстве и времени. Разработанная информационная система позволяет моделировать и визуализировать изменения в составе газа при его компримировании под воздействием повышения давления. Данная модель может быть полезной для моделирования и последующего влияния процесса компримирования на химический состав газа и его потенциальное использование в различных приложениях.
К ВОПРОСУ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ВЕРХНЕГО СТРОЕНИЯ ПУТИ
Authors: Мусаев Жанат , Ахметова Патам , Битилеуова Зухра , Туркебаев Мукангали , Журынова Жанна 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрена возможность прогнозирования отказов элементов верхнего строения пути на основе обобщенного и индивидуального прогнозирования процессов изменения определяющих параметров конструкции пути. Обобщенное прогнозирование предусматривает обобщение опыта эксплуатации однотипной конструкции пути на многих участках в примерно одинаковых условиях, а индивидуальное прогнозирование состоит в экстраполировании отдельных реализаций случайных процессов изменения определяющих параметров. Статистические методы поискового прогнозирования основаны на использовании статистической ретроспективной информации о состоянии пути. Выполненный в статье анализ наглядно демонстрирует взаимосвязь между эксплуатационной нагрузкой на железнодорожный путь и состоянием его основных элементов, а полученные данные по качеству функционирования участков пути можно использовать для установления допускаемых скоростей движения и планирования ремонтов пути.