bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income Level and Volatility by Children's Race and Hispanic Ethnicity
Authors: Gennetian Lisa A. , Rodrigues Christopher , Hill Heather D. , Morris Pamela A. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study documents how income dynamics during childhood differ across racial/ethnic groups and among Hispanics by nativity, citizenship, and the English‐language proficiency of households.Background: Income volatility has emerged as a distinct form of economic disadvantage that can impact family life and child well‐being. Yet little is understood about how income volatility is stratified by race and ethnicity.Method: Using longitudinal data on children from the 2004 (n = 7,651) and 2008 (n = 12,183) panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study examined income level and volatility among Hispanic, non‐Hispanic White, and non‐Hispanic Black children.Results: When compared with peers, Hispanic children were more likely to be low income, but experience slightly less income volatility. Income volatility among low‐income Hispanic children was similar regardless of the nativity or citizenship status of adults in the household, although it differed by household linguistic isolation. Receipt of social assistance offered less income stabilization for low‐income Hispanic children than for peers; however, household earnings, particularly from residential male adults (most of whom were fathers), had a stabilizing influence on income.Conclusion: Income volatility is higher among low‐income families than among higher income families, irrespective of racial/ethnic status. At the lowest income levels, Hispanic children were statistically more likely than children of other racial/ethnic groups to experience slightly more stable income.Implications: Understanding how different experiences of income volatility by children's race/ethnicity might influence family life and children's development can inform policy and program practice.
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Entandrophragma over the 50 years from 1967 to 2018: a ‘golden’ overview
Authors: Mouthé Happi Gervais , Tchaleu Ngadjui Bonaventure , Green Ivan Robert , Fogué Kouam Simeon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
For centuries, the genus Entandrophragma (Meliaceae), endemic to Africa, has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses. This review deals with large range of phytochemicals from the genus Entandrophragma and their pharmacological potentials covering the period from 1967 to 2018.

Key findings
Phytochemical investigations of the genus Entandrophragma led to the report of about 166 secondary metabolites which have been thoroughly summarized herein including some of their semisynthetic derivatives obtained from chemical transformations as well as their biological activities in the medicinal and agricultural domains. The limonoids or meliacins and their precursor called protolimonoids (protomeliacins) reported so far represent almost 69.28% of the total secondary metabolites obtained from the genus, and they display the most potent biological activities. Collectively, both classes of metabolites constitute the markers of Entandrophragma. However, squalene-type triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were reported only from the species E. cylindricum and therefore could be its chemotaxonomic markers.

Summary
The pharmacological investigations of the extracts of some species exhibited interesting results which support the traditional uses of these Entandrophragma plants in folk medicine. Some compounds revealed promising antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities and deserve therefore further attention for new drug discovery.
Choosing the right mask for your Asian patient with sleep apnoea: A randomized, crossover trial of CPAP interfaces
Authors: Goh Ken Junyang , Soh Rui Ya , Leow Leong Chai , Toh Song Tar , Song Pei Rong , Hao Ying , Lee Ken Cheah Hooi , Tan Gan Liang , Ong Thun How 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveA major challenge with the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Mask tolerability is an important determinant of adherence, however evidence to guide selection of mask interfaces is lacking.MethodsWe conducted a randomized crossover trial of mask interfaces in CPAP therapy for moderate‐to‐severe OSA to assess adherence and efficacy of CPAP therapy with nasal mask, nasal pillow and oronasal masks. Demographic data, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores and craniofacial measurements were also analysed for associations with adherence with oronasal masks.ResultsEighty‐five patients were included in the study (mean ± SD age: 46 ± 12 years; body mass index: 29.9 ± 5.6 kg/m2; apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): 53.6 ± 24.0 events/h). Patients had better adherence with nasal masks (average night use: 3.96 ± 2.26 h/night) compared to oronasal masks (3.26 ± 2.18 h/night, P < 0.001) and nasal pillows (3.48 ± 2.20 h/night, P = 0.007). Residual AHI was higher with oronasal masks (7.2 ± 5.2) compared to nasal masks (4.0 ± 4.2, P < 0.001) and nasal pillows (4.1 ± 3.3, P < 0.001). Twenty‐two (25.9%) patients had the best adherence with oronasal masks (4.22 ± 2.14 vs 2.93 ± 2.12 h/night, P = 0.016). These patients had lower NOSE scores (15 (0–35) vs 40 (10–55), P = 0.024) and larger menton‐labrale inferioris/biocular width ratios (31 ± 3% vs 28 ± 4%, P = 0.019).ConclusionNasal masks are the preferred interface during CPAP initiation. Patients with less nasal obstruction and a proportionally increased chin‐lower lip distance to mid‐face width may have better CPAP adherence with an oronasal mask interface.
Sources of heterogeneous gains from trade: Income differences and non‐homothetic preferences
Authors: Egger Peter H. , Nigai Sergey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper considers the interrelationship between a hierarchy of consumption needs of agricultural goods, manufactures, and services as a central feature of the demand side of economies and the demand for skilled and unskilled workers, whose incomes differ. The relationship is established as skilled and unskilled labor are used in conjunction with capital goods in a nested constant‐elasticity‐of‐substitution (CES) production function, which features capital‐skill complementarity and a substitutive relationship between the bundle of capital and skills on the one hand and unskilled labor on the other hand. Incomes differ across countries both within and between types of workers. As trade costs change, relative and absolute incomes of worker types change and so does the worker‐type‐specific pattern of consumption. A calibration and simulation exercise documents that a consideration of the supply‐and‐demand‐side linkage in this hierarchy‐of‐needs model matters quantitatively for the role of trade liberalization in the world economy.
Responses to the Clean Power Plan: Factors Influencing State Decision‐Making
Authors: Besco Laurel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 2015, President Obama introduced the Clean Power Plan (CPP), a federal plan aimed at reducing the production of carbon pollution from power plants. In response, some used legal action to try and stop the plan, while others supported the plan and proceeded with plans for its implementation. This research investigates responses taken by state government in terms of legal remedies and planning for implementation, and what explains those responses. Findings suggest that partisanship plays a key role. Specifically, the partisanship of the attorney general is correlated with the legal response, and the governor with implementation planning. Coals, and perhaps renewables, also seem to play a role, even controlling for partisanship. There is only weak evidence for the effect of policy experience and none for the estimated cost of the policy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these results for the future of climate policy in the United States.
Intraoral granulocytic sarcoma as a manifestation of myelofibrosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nunes Laiz Fernandes Mendes , Rocha Amanda Leal , Magalhães, Gustavo Henrique Romani , de Melo, Frederico Henrique Corrêa , Travassos Denise Vieira , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Silva Tarcília Aparecida 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extramedullary tumor associated with myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative diseases. Intraoral manifestations are considered uncommon, with a reasonable number of cases, and are mostly related to leukemia. The association of oral GS and myelofibrosis is very rare and only three cases have been published. In this paper, we report the fourth case of oral lesion in a patient with a diagnosis of myelofibrosis. The aim of this study was to present a review of the literature, discussing the current and previous cases of oral GS associated with myelofibrosis or other hematological disorders and the importance of accurate diagnosis through clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features.
Men and infertility: Insights from the sociology of gender
Authors: Halcomb Laura 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review explores the framing of men and infertility in recent interdisciplinary social science research. I illustrate how men's diverse institutional roles surrounding medicalized experiences of infertility are critical for understanding inequality in reproduction. Situating research on men and infertility in the theoretical framework of gender as social structure shows how men's secondary position in reproduction can be seen across institutional roles, which include men as patients, men as partners, men as sperm donors, and men as doctors. Men's experiences with reproductive medicine often reinforce men's marginal position in reproductive medicine through institutionalized arrangements; yet, men are intimately and structurally involved in reproductive decisions. I argue that bringing gender to the center of research on infertility could make clear the many structural ways women and women's bodies are controlled, regulated, and treated by reproductive medicine.
Chunk‐Based Memory Constraints on the Cultural Evolution of Language
Authors: Isbilen Erin S. , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the fields of linguistics and cognitive science, considerable attention has been devoted to the question of how linguistic structure emerged over evolutionary time. Here, we highlight the contribution of a fundamental constraint on processing, the Now‐or‐Never bottleneck. Language takes place in the here and now, with the transience of acoustic speech signals and our exceedingly limited memory for sound sequences requiring immediate processing. To overcome this bottleneck, the cognitive system employs basic chunking mechanisms to rapidly compress and recode incoming linguistic input into increasingly abstract levels of representation, thereby prolonging its retention in memory. Our suggestion is that these chunk‐based memory processes influence linguistic structure across multiple time scales. Chunk‐based memory constraints govern language acquisition and processing on the level of the individual. Through usage, linguistic structures that are more easily chunked will tend to proliferate, thus shaping the cultural evolution of language across generations of language users. This results in a selection of learnable structures, from individual words to multiword sequences that are optimally “chunkable,” so as to better squeeze through the Now‐or‐Never bottleneck. From this perspective, language can be thought of as an adaptive system that culturally evolves to fit learners’ cognitive capabilities, thereby resulting in the structure it bears today.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative astigmatism in a large population of patients undergoing cataract surgery in the UK
Authors: Day Alexander C , Dhariwal Mukesh , Keith Michael S , Ender Frank , Perez Vives Caridad , Miglio Cristiana , Zou Lu , Anderson David F 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo assess the prevalence and severity of preoperative and postoperative astigmatism in patients with cataract in the UK.SettingData from 8 UK National Health Service ophthalmology clinics using MediSoft electronic medical records (EMRs).DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsEyes from patients aged ≥65 years undergoing cataract surgery were analysed. For all eyes, preoperative (corneal) astigmatism was evaluated using the most recent keratometry measure within 2 years prior to surgery. For eyes receiving standard monofocal intraocular lens (IOLs), postoperative refractive astigmatism was evaluated using the most recent refraction measure within 2–12 months postsurgery. A power vector analysis compared changes in the astigmatic 2-dimensional vector (J0, J45) before and after surgery, for the subgroup of eyes with both preoperative and postoperative astigmatism measurements. Visual acuity was also assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsEligible eyes included in the analysis were 110 468. Of these, 78% (n=85 650) had preoperative (corneal) astigmatism ≥0.5 dioptres (D), 42% (n=46 003) ≥1.0 D, 21% (n=22 899) ≥1.5 D and 11% (n=11 651) ≥2.0 D. After surgery, the refraction cylinder was available for 39 744 (36%) eyes receiving standard monofocal IOLs, of which 90% (n=35 907) had postoperative astigmatism ≥0.5 D and 58% (n=22 886) ≥1.0 D. Visual acuity tended to worsen postoperatively with increased astigmatism (ρ=−0.44, P<0.01).ConclusionsThere is a significant burden of preoperative astigmatism in the UK cataract population. The available refraction data indicate that this burden is not reduced after surgery with implantation of standard monofocal IOLs. Measures should be taken to improve visual outcomes of patients with astigmatic cataract by simultaneously correcting astigmatism during cataract surgery.
Lifetime history of sexual and physical abuse among competitive athletics (track and field) athletes: cross sectional study of associations with sports and non-sports injury
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Janson Staffan , Jacobsson Jenny , Dahlström Örjan , Spreco Armin , Kowalski Jan , Bargoria Victor , Mountjoy Margo , Svedin Carl Göran 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo examine associations between lifetime sexual and physical abuse, and the likelihood of injury within and outside sport in athletes involved in competitive athletics.MethodsA cross sectional study was performed among the top 10 Swedish athletics athletes using 1 year prevalence of sports and non-sports injuries as the primary outcome measure. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime abuse history and training load were investigated. Data were analysed using simple and multiple logistic regression models.Results11% of 197 participating athletes reported lifetime sexual abuse; there was a higher proportion of women (16.2%) than men (4.3%) (P=0.005). 18% reported lifetime physical abuse; there was a higher proportion of men (22.8%) than women (14.3%) (P=0.050). For women, lifetime sexual abuse was associated with an increased likelihood of a non-sports injury (OR 8.78, CI 2.76 to 27.93; P<0.001). Among men, increased likelihood of a non-sports injury was associated with more frequent use of alcoholic beverages (OR 6.47, CI 1.49 to 28.07; P=0.013), while commencing athletics training at >13 years of age was associated with a lower likelihood of non-sports injury (OR 0.09, CI 0.01 to 0.81; P=0.032). Lifetime physical abuse was associated with a higher likelihood of sports injury in women (OR 12.37, CI 1.52 to 100.37; P=0.019). Among men, athletes with each parents with ≤12 years formal education had a lower likelihood of sustaining an injury during their sports practice (OR 0.37, CI 0.14 to 0.96; P=0.040).ConclusionsLifetime sexual and physical abuse were associated with an increased likelihood of injury among female athletes. Emotional factors should be included in the comprehension of injuries sustained by athletes.
Mechanisms Behind Resistance to PI3K Inhibitor Treatment Induced by the PIM Kinase
Authors: Song Jin H. , Singh Neha , Luevano Libia A. , Padi Sathish K.R. , Okumura Koichi , Olive Virginie , Black Stephen M. , Warfel Noel A. , Goodrich David W. , Kraft Andrew S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cancer resistance to PI3K inhibitor therapy can be in part mediated by increases in the PIM1 kinase. However, the exact mechanism by which PIM kinase promotes tumor cell resistance is unknown. Our study unveils the pivotal control of redox signaling by PIM kinases as a driver of this resistance mechanism. PIM1 kinase functions to decrease cellular ROS levels by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element activity. PIM prevents cell death induced by PI3K-AKT–inhibitory drugs through a noncanonical mechanism of NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation and translational control of NRF2 protein levels through modulation of eIF4B and mTORC1 activity. Importantly, PIM also controls NAD(P)H production by increasing glucose flux through the pentose phosphate shunt decreasing ROS production, and thereby diminishing the cytotoxicity of PI3K-AKT inhibitors. Treatment with PIM kinase inhibitors reverses this resistance phenotype, making tumors increasingly susceptible to small-molecule therapeutics, which block the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression
Authors: Wang Feifei , Wang Ling , Fisher Laura A. , Li Chunling , Wang Weidong , Peng Aimin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMitotic progression is regulated largely by reversible phosphorylation events that are mediated by mitotic kinases and phosphatases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) has been shown to play a crucial role in regulation of mitotic entry, progression, and exit. We previously observed, in Xenopus egg extracts, that phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit (PPP1R10/PNUTS) acts as a mitotic regulator by negatively modulating PP1. This study investigates the role of PNUTS in mitotic progression in mammalian cells, and demonstrates that PNUTS expression is elevated in mitosis and depletion partially blocks mitotic entry. Cells that enter mitosis after PNUTS knockdown exhibit frequent chromosome mis-segregation. Aurora A/B kinase complexes and several kinetochore components are identified as PNUTS-associated proteins. PNUTS depletion suppresses the activation of Aurora A/B kinases, and disrupts the spatiotemporal regulation of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). PNUTS dynamically localizes to kinetochores, and is required for the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Finally, PNUTS depletion sensitizes the tumor cell response to Aurora inhibition, suggesting that PNUTS is a potential drug target in combination anticancer therapy.Implications:Delineation of how PNUTS governs the mitotic activation and function of Aurora kinases will improve the understanding of the complex phospho-regulation in mitotic progression, and suggest new options to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Aurora inhibitors.
Preaching Science and Islam: Dr. Zakir Naik and Discourses of Science and Islam in Internet Videos
Authors: Gardner Vika , Mayes E. Carolina , Hameed Salman 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Internet videos are one form of “new media” that enable us to study the movement of narratives. Lectures addressing both Islam and science appear often in these videos. One of the most popular speakers in this material is Dr. Zakir Naik, a Muslim preacher from India. Naik’s lectures often interpret select modern scientific discoveries to “prove” the divine origin of the Qurʾān, a pseudo-scientific endeavor known as iʿjāz ʿilmī. This paper contextualizes Naik’s branding and how he draws upon the authority of science and Western scientists. Naik has been able to trade on both his medical training and his South Asian roots by combining formulaic presentations from famous pro-Islamic Westerners such as Dr. Maurice Bucaille with stylings learned from preachers such as Ahmad Deedat. Garnering both devoted fans and vociferous critics, Naik has developed into a recognizable cultural symbol with his own transnational authority.
The Notion of ‘Jewish Surnames’
Authors: Beider Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the notion of ‘Jewish surnames,’ considering it to be synonymous to the expression ‘surnames borne by Jews.’ This can be particularly helpful if we want the definition to add real value for the search of etymologies. The article describes most important peculiarities of Jewish surnames, categories of names that are exclusively Jewish, and various cases when a surname is shared by both Jews and non-Jews. It shows that certain alternative definitions of the notion of ‘Jewish surnames’ (such as surnames found in all Jewish communities, surnames used by Jews only, surnames based on specifically Jewish linguistic elements) either have internal inconsistencies or are useless and sometimes misleading for the scientific analysis of the etymologies of these surnames.
An Improved Electrical Hygrometer and Its Applications*
Authors: Dunmore Francis W. 
Published: September 2018

The electric hygrometer consists of an aluminum tube coated with polystyrene and wound with a bifilar winding of bare palladium wire. The unit is then coated with a thin film of polyvinyl acetate with an amount of lithium chloride in it depending upon the humidity range to be covered. The electrical resistance of the film between the two coils is a function of humidity. If appreciable temperature changes are involved, a correction is applied.
The thin aluminium tube enables the unit to quickly assume the temperature of the air as it must if measuring relative humidity. The palladium wire prevents an increase in resistance caused by a film which forms on the surface of other types of wires. The polystyrene forms an excellent water-resistant surface of high electrical resistance for the wire and water sensitive film, which prevents a hysteresis effect caused by the absorption of water by glass and other materials originally used as bases. The polyvinyl acetate forms a porous binder for the lithium chloride which gives stability and uniformity to the units without appreciably decreasing their rapid rate of response.
With several units of different sensitivity in parallel, with resistors in series with each, humidities from 10 to 100% may be measured using a single scale of an indicating instrument.
Electrical hygrometer units have been made which have not varied more than 2 to 3% over a period of several months.
Flight tests with two radiosondes carried by the same balloon, one using the electric hygrometer and the other the hair type hygrometer, showed marked changes in humidity recorded by the electric hygrometer which the hair unit failed to register.