bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du locus CRISPR bactérien, une forme d’immunité adaptative, à un outil général d’édition du génome
Authors: Friot Adèle , Dekeyzer Blanche , Guingand Armelle , Guguin Justine , Joly Amélie , Vuillier Sylvia 
Published: June 2018

Les Nouvelles suivantes ont été rédigées par les étudiants de Master 1 de biologie de l’École normale supérieure de Lyon à l’issue de l’UE microbiologie moléculaire et structurale (2017-18). Le Master de biologie de l’ENS de Lyon, cohabilité par l’université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, accueille chaque année environ 50 étudiants en M1 et en M2 et propose une formation de haut niveau à la recherche en biosciences. Chaque étudiant y construit son parcours à la carte en choisissant ses options parmi un large panel de modules, favorisant ainsi une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences du vivant, et ce en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local, national et international.
À partir d’articles scientifiques publiés récemment dans le domaine de la microbiologie, les étudiants ont travaillé en binômes ou trinômes, accompagnés par l’équipe pédagogique, pour extraire les principaux messages à retenir de ces articles et les transmettre de façon claire aux lecteurs de médecine/sciences. Le dossier suivant illustre ainsi quelques aspects du système CRISPR/Cas en microbiologie, avec, d’une part, la description de nouveaux systèmes CRISPR/Cas et de leurs fonctions physiologiques chez les bactéries, et, d’autre part, leurs applications en bactériologie pour l’édition de génomes bactériens, mais aussi en virologie pour le criblage pangénomique de facteurs d’hôte pro- ou antiviraux ou pour la génération de modèles animaux.
Extended trochanteric osteotomy: comparison of 3 modes of fixation: metallic wires, cables, plate, about a series of 157 cases
Authors: Prudhon Jean Louis , Tardy Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The trans femoral osteotomy was initially described by Wagner in 1987 and the extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) was described by Younger et al. in 1995 and is considered to be the gold standard technique for removal of well-fixed femoral stems in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this report is:to compare the different types of fixation metallic wires, cables, metallic reinforcement plate (MRP) we have used in revision THA where an ETO was performed;analyse the clinical and radiological outcomes of these devices at 1 year;analyse the complication.Materialand method: It is a retrospective continuous monocentric series of 157 patients where an ETO was performed. It was fixed by an MRP in 17 patients, cables in 43, metallic wires in 97. The main outcome was the consolidation of the osteotomized femoral flap (OFF). Secondary outcomes were Postel Merle d’Aubigne score and complications occurred at 1 year follow up. Qualitative variable was presented as percentage, quantitative variables as mean or median, standard deviation and range.Result: 157 patients (73−46, 5% females) were included. Mean age at surgery was 66.7 year (sd = 10.63). Mean interval between index surgery and revision was 11.07 year (sd = 5.67). Causes for revision and bone defects were comparable. At 1 year OFF is healed without displacement in 82% with metallic wires, 70% with cables, 88% with MRP. Not significant.Discussion: Fixation of the femoral flap is a technical issue in ETO. Metallic wires and cables are the most commonly used to secure the fixation. Fixation with a metallic plate is reported in a few number of articles and may be helpful specially when a fracture of the OFF occurred during surgery.
Expertenstandard „Förderung der Harnkontinenz in der Pflege“ – strategische Überlegungen zur Umsetzung
Authors: Hayder-Beichel Daniela 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Strategie Von Harninkontinenz betroffene Personen wünschen sich kompetente und an ihrem Alltag orientierte Beratung und Unterstützung. 1 Leitlinien und Expertenstandards bündeln entsprechendes Wissen und sollen die evidenzbasierte Versorgung der Betroffenen
unterstützen. Die pflegefachliche Beratung spielt dabei eine bedeutsame und effektive Rolle. 2, 3 Dennoch existieren national wie international diverse Barrieren in der bedarfsorientierten und evidenzbasierten Hilfe für Personen, die an
Harninkontinenz leiden. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag skizziert diese Barrieren und möchte für eine sinnerfüllte und wissensbasierte Strategie der Umsetzung
werben.
Kontinenzförderung bei Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Kohler Myrta 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anpassung Die Empfehlungen im Umgang mit Inkontinenz können bei der Pflege von Menschen mit Demenz nicht vollständig übernommen werden. Sie müssen an die
individuellen Bedürfnisse und insbesondere an die Verhaltensweisen der an Demenz erkrankten Menschen angepasst werden. Dies erfordert eine hohe Kompetenz und
großes Engagement der Pflegepersonen.
Homöopathie und Quaternität
Authors: Winter Norbert 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von den Diskussionen zwischen W. Pauli und C. G. Jung und der daraus resultierenden quaternitären Weltsicht wird untersucht, inwieweit dieses Modell den Erfahrungen von über 200 Jahren Homöopathiegeschichte gerecht werden kann. Verschiedene Aspekte der Homöopathie werden bezüglich kausaler und akausaler Zusammenhänge erörtert. Letztlich ergibt sich daraus die Notwendigkeit, die Homöopathie als ein Verwobensein von beidem – kausalen und akausalen Elementen – zu begreifen und dementsprechende Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Zusammenhänge zu erkennen.
Schwindel, von der Fahreignung mit Führerschein zum Führerschein ohne Fahreignung: Sind die aktuellen Leitlinien gerechtfertigt?
Authors: Huppert Doreen , Brandt Thomas 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie seit dem Jahre 2014 gültigen und verpflichtend anzuwendenden Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Fahreignung von Patienten mit Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen (dort „Störungen des Gleichgewichtssinnes“ genannt) werden kritisch diskutiert. Bei allem Respekt vor der sorgfältigen Arbeit der Expertenkommission, die die Begutachtungsleitlinien erstellt hat – die international nicht ihresgleichen haben – halten wir eine Überarbeitung der geltenden Leitlinien für erforderlich. Die Auflagen für Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen sind unserer Ansicht nach aufgrund der langjährigen Arbeit im Deutschen Schwindel- und Gleichgewichtszentrum der LMU München zu streng und die geforderten beschwerdefreien Intervalle zu lang. Die geltenden Begutachtungsleitlinien schreiben für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 („Privatfahrer“) zum Beispiel vor: 1) bei M. Menière (Attacken ohne Prodromi) eine Attackenfreiheit von 2 Jahren, bevor Autofahren wieder möglich ist;2) bei vestibulärer Migräne ohne Prodromi eine Attackenfreiheit von 3 Jahren.Für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklassen Gruppe 1 und 2 („Berufsfahrer“) gilt:3) bei bilateraler Vestibulopathie in der Regel keine Fahreignung;4) bei zentral-vestibulären Schwindelformen bzw. Okulomotorikstörungen wie Downbeat- oder Upbeat-Nystagmussyndromen ebenfalls in der Regel keine Fahreignung; 5) bei funktionellen (psychogenen) Schwindelformen (z. B. phobischer Schwankschwindel) ist die Fahreignung für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 nicht gegeben, wenn Schwindel beim Fahren auftritt, für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 2 besteht in der Regel keine Fahreignung. Bei vielen Patienten mit episodischem oder chronischem Schwindel sind jedoch die Symptome so gering, dass sie die Fahrtüchtigkeit nicht relevant einschränken oder bei einer Schwindelattacke eine kontrollierte Beendigung des aktiven Fahrens erlauben. Im Vergleich dazu sind die Auflagen für andere Erkrankungen, die mit anfallsartigen Kognitions- und Bewusstseinsstörungen einhergehen wie den Epilepsien, weniger streng (für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 anfallsfreie Intervalle in Abhängigkeit von der Art bzw. Auslösung des Anfalls 3 Monate bis 1 Jahr), obwohl bei diesen die Fahrtüchtigkeit im Anfall sicher nicht gegeben ist.
Implementierung eines landesweiten telemedizinischen Schlaganfallnetzwerks
Authors: Palm Frederick , Wöhrle Johannes , Maschke Matthias , Spreer Annette , Gröschel Klaus , Treib Johannes , Eicke Martin , Urbanek Christian , Grau Armin 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Demografischer Wandel, Urbanisierung sowie eine zunehmende Spezialisierung der Akutversorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten erfordern eine Anpassung von Versorgungsstrukturen mit dem Ziel, auch Patienten in ländlichen Regionen leitliniengerecht behandeln zu können.
Methodik Im Frühjahr 2016 wurde ein landesweites telemedizinisches Schlaganfallnetzwerk unter Einbeziehung aller 6 überregionalen Stroke Units im Land Rheinland-Pfalz etabliert. Die Zuständigkeit für den Konsildienst wechselt täglich zwischen den Kliniken und steht rund um die Uhr zur Verfügung. Alle Kriterien des OPS 8.98b werden erfüllt. Am Netzwerk teilnehmen können alle regionalen Stroke Units und Kliniken, die prädefinierte Kriterien erfüllen und nicht in regionaler Konkurrenz mit etablierten Stroke Units stehen.
Ergebnisse Zu Projektbeginn am 01.04. 2016 nahmen 6 Kliniken teil, die alle eine regionale Stroke Unit unter internistischer Leitung besitzen. Innerhalb des ersten Jahres erfolgten 1568 telemedizinische Konsile. Die Diagnosen waren ischämische Infarkte (n = 802 Patienten; 51,2 %), intrazerebrale Blutungen (n = 46; 2,9%), transitorisch ischämische Attacken (TIA; n = 319; 20,4 %) und nicht vaskuläre Ursachen (sog. Stroke Mimics; n = 400; 25,5 %). Die Latenz zwischen Klinikaufnahme und Konsilbeginn betrug im Median 21 Minuten (Interquartilrange (IQR) 22 Minuten), die mediane Konsildauer lag bei 24 Minuten (IQR 22 Minuten). Bei den Patienten mit ischämischen Schlaganfällen betrug die Lyserate 12,5 % (n = 100). Eine mechanische Thrombektomie wurde nach Weiterverlegung in eines der Zentren bei 4,6 % (n = 37) der Patienten durchgeführt.
Schlussfolgerung Die telemedizinische Netzwerkbildung ist geeignet, die landesweite Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten sicherzustellen. Weitere Analysen, insbesondere zum Outcome, werden benötigt.
Artificial Intelligence: Bayesian versus Heuristic Method for Diagnostic Decision Support
Authors: Elkin Peter , Schlegel Daniel , Anderson Michael , Komm Jordan , Ficheur Gregoire , Bisson Leslie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvoking strength is one of the important contributions of the field of Biomedical Informatics to the discipline of Artificial Intelligence. The University at Buffalo's Orthopedics Department wanted to create an expert system to assist patients with self-diagnosis of knee problems and to thereby facilitate referral to the right orthopedic subspecialist. They had two independent sports medicine physicians review 469 cases. A board-certified orthopedic sports medicine practitioner, L.B., reviewed any disagreements until a gold standard diagnosis was reached. For each case, the patients entered 126 potential answers to 26 questions into a Web interface. These were modeled by an expert sports medicine physician and the answers were reviewed by L.B. For each finding, the clinician specified the sensitivity (term frequency) and both specificity (Sp) and the heuristic evoking strength (ES). Heuristics are methods of reasoning with only partial evidence. An expert system was constructed that reflected the posttest odds of disease-ranked list for each case. We compare the accuracy of using Sp to that of using ES (original model, p < 0.0008; term importance * disease importance [DItimesTI] model, p < 0.0001: Wilcoxon ranked sum test). For patient referral assignment, Sp in the DItimesTI model was superior to the use of ES. By the fifth diagnosis, the advantage was lost and so there is no difference between the techniques when serving as a reminder system.
Using Clinical Data Standards to Measure Quality: A New Approach
Authors: D'Amore John , Li Chun , McCrary Laura , Niloff Jonathan , Sittig Dean , McCoy Allison , Wright Adam 
Published: June 2018

Background Value-based payment for care requires the consistent, objective calculation of care quality. Previous initiatives to calculate ambulatory quality measures have relied on billing data or individual electronic health records (EHRs) to calculate and report performance. New methods for quality measure calculation promoted by federal regulations allow qualified clinical data registries to report quality outcomes based on data aggregated across facilities and EHRs using interoperability standards.
Objective This research evaluates the use of clinical document interchange standards as the basis for quality measurement.
Methods Using data on 1,100 patients from 11 ambulatory care facilities and 5 different EHRs, challenges to quality measurement are identified and addressed for 17 certified quality measures.
Results Iterative solutions were identified for 14 measures that improved patient inclusion and measure calculation accuracy. Findings validate this approach to improving measure accuracy while maintaining measure certification.
Conclusion Organizations that report care quality should be aware of how identified issues affect quality measure selection and calculation. Quality measure authors should consider increasing real-world validation and the consistency of measure logic in respect to issues identified in this research.
Chronische Pankreatitis und Pankreaskarzinom – Tumorrisiko und Screening
Authors: Beyer Georg , D’Haese Jan , Ormanns Steffen , Mayerle Julia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic pancreatitis is a fibroinflammatory syndrome of the exocrine pancreas, which is characterized by an increasing incidence, high morbidity and lethality. Common etiologies besides alcohol and nicotine consumption include genetic causes and risk factors. The life time risk for the development of pancreatic cancer is elevated 13- to 45-fold depending on the underlying etiology. In patients with chronic pancreatitis clinical, laboratory and imaging surveillance for early detection of complications, including pancreatic cancer, is recommended, although the available methods lack the desired sensitivity and specificity. In this article we review the epidemiology, etiologies and risk factors for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and discuss current recommendations for screening and management of patients at risk for tumor development.
Winners and losers: communicating the potential impacts of policies
Authors: Brick Cameron , Freeman Alexandra L. J. , Wooding Steven , Skylark William J. , Marteau Theresa M. , Spiegelhalter David J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIndividual decision-makers need communications that succinctly describe potential harms and benefits of different options, but policymakers or citizens evaluating a policy are rarely given a balanced and easily understood summary of the potential outcomes of their decision. We review current policy option communication across diverse domains such as taxes, health, climate change, and international trade, followed by reviews of guidance and evidence for communication effectiveness. Our conceptual synthesis identifies four characteristics of policy options that make their communication particularly difficult: heterogeneous impacts on different segments of the population, multiple outcomes, long timescales, and large uncertainties. For communicators that are trying to inform rather than persuade, these complexities reveal a core tension between issue coverage and comprehensibility. We find little empirical evidence for how to communicate policy options effectively. We identify promising current communications, analyze them based on the above synthesis, and suggest priorities for future research. Recognizing the particular challenges of balanced, effective policy option communications could lead to better guidelines and support for policy decision-making.
Cultural and stress-related manifestations of political controversial language in the European Parliament from the view
of interpreters
Authors: Kučiš Vlasta , Majhenič Simona 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Translation and interpreting are not only linguistic activities, but also to a large extent primarily activities of cultural
transfer. Transcultural communication displays complexity, diversity and readiness for conflict in communicative interaction, so
the interpreter/translator, as an intercultural mediator, is assigned a special communicative role in this regard. This article
examines how interpreters at the European Parliament deal with controversial language rendering evaluative components of political
statements as well as whether there is a rise in stress-related disfluencies in the interpretation of such statements and whether
intonation (dis)similarities between the source text and the interpretations occur in the context of cultural and lexical
know-how. Seven excerpts from four sessions of the European Parliament in the last six years and their interpretations into
Croatian, Slovene, English, French and German were analysed from the point of view of stress and culture. Deviations in pitch and
intensity levels of both the speaker and the interpreters were calculated and statistically compared in the light of differing
cultural know-how. The intonation results for these interpreting examples showed that all the interpreters followed the speaker’s
pitch deviations to a certain extent. Analysis of politically-controversial statements also revealed that more than 80% of the
interpretations selected contained stress-related disfluencies and almost 70% contained some form of discrepancy with the source
text at a lexical level. The interpretations therefore largely contained fewer negative evaluative components of controversial
language than the speakers in the European Parliament.
The Economics of Food Vendors Specialized to Serving the Women, Infants, and Children Program
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick W. , Saitone Tina L. , Sexton Richard J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the impacts of food vendors that have emerged primarily or exclusively to redeem benefits for the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program. Federal regulations impose strict requirements on state WIC agencies which authorize vendors that derive more than 50% of their food sales through WIC. Such vendors are commonly known as above‐50 or A50 vendors, and most state WIC agencies do not authorize them. Using extensive transactions‐level data for the Greater Los Angeles area (GLA), we examine A50 vendors’ performance in the WIC program, including their pricing behavior relative to other WIC vendors in a but‐for world where A50 vendors are not authorized. We also conduct econometric tests designed to gauge A50 vendors’ impacts on WIC program access and participation, and costs charged for WIC foods by other program vendors. Results indicate that A50 vendors operating in GLA (a) modestly reduced WIC program food costs relative to a but‐for world where they were not authorized, (b) had a modest pro‐competitive effect on the pricing behavior of small, non‐A50 vendors, which have tended to charge the highest absolute prices for WIC foods in California, (c) caused a modest reduction in participant travel distance (and, hence, transaction costs), and (d) appear to have facilitated participant access. On balance, our results suggest that A50 vendors can improve the food‐delivery environment for the WIC program and facilitate participant access to WIC benefits without imposing additional food costs on the program.
A practical guide for DNase-seq data analysis: from data management to common applications
Authors: Liu Yongjing , Fu Liangyu , Kaufmann Kerstin , Chen Dijun , Chen Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)-hypersensitive site sequencing (DNase-seq) has been widely used to determine chromatin accessibility and its underlying regulatory lexicon. However, exploring DNase-seq data requires sophisticated downstream bioinformatics analyses. In this study, we first review computational methods for all of the major steps in DNase-seq data analysis, including experimental design, quality control, read alignment, peak calling, annotation of cis-regulatory elements, genomic footprinting and visualization. The challenges associated with each step are highlighted. Next, we provide a practical guideline and a computational pipeline for DNase-seq data analysis by integrating some of these tools. We also discuss the competing techniques and the potential applications of this pipeline for the analysis of analogous experimental data. Finally, we discuss the integration of DNase-seq with other functional genomics techniques.
Metaxa2 Database Builder: enabling taxonomic identification from metagenomic or metabarcoding data using any genetic marker
Authors: Bengtsson-Palme Johan , Richardson Rodney T , Meola Marco , Wurzbacher Christian , Tremblay Émilie D , Thorell Kaisa , Kanger Kärt , Eriksson K Martin , Bilodeau Guillaume J , Johnson Reed M , Hartmann Martin , Nilsson R Henrik 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Correct taxonomic identification of DNA sequences is central to studies of biodiversity using both shotgun metagenomic and metabarcoding approaches. However, no genetic marker gives sufficient performance across all the biological kingdoms, hampering studies of taxonomic diversity in many groups of organisms. This has led to the adoption of a range of genetic markers for DNA metabarcoding. While many taxonomic classification software tools can be re-trained on these genetic markers, they are often designed with assumptions that impair their utility on genes other than the SSU and LSU rRNA. Here, we present an update to Metaxa2 that enables the use of any genetic marker for taxonomic classification of metagenome and amplicon sequence data.

Results
We evaluated the Metaxa2 Database Builder on 11 commonly used barcoding regions and found that while there are wide differences in performance between different genetic markers, our software performs satisfactorily provided that the input taxonomy and sequence data are of high quality.

Availability and implementation
Freely available on the web as part of the Metaxa2 package at http://microbiology.se/software/metaxa2/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TranscriptClean: variant-aware correction of indels, mismatches and splice junctions in long-read transcripts
Authors: Wyman Dana , Mortazavi Ali 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Long-read, single-molecule sequencing platforms hold great potential for isoform discovery and characterization of multi-exon transcripts. However, their high error rates are an obstacle to distinguishing novel transcript isoforms from sequencing artifacts. Therefore, we developed the package TranscriptClean to correct mismatches, microindels and noncanonical splice junctions in mapped transcripts using the reference genome while preserving known variants.

Results
Our method corrects nearly all mismatches and indels present in a publically available human PacBio Iso-seq dataset, and rescues 39% of noncanonical splice junctions.

Availability and implementation
All Python and R scripts used in this paper are available at https://github.com/dewyman/TranscriptClean.