bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat whole blood donors with a ferritin level of 30 μg/L or less show functional iron depletion
Authors: Dijkstra Angelique , van den Hurk Katja , Bilo Henk J. G. , Slingerland Robbert J. , Vos Michel J. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDWhole blood donors are screened for iron depletion through hemoglobin measurement alone or in combination with ferritin. Ferritin measurement gives the advantage of earlier detection of iron depletion. In a previous study we identified a ferritin level of 30 μg/L or less as a possible indicator of suboptimal erythropoiesis. In this study, erythropoietic parameters were measured to determine if a ferritin level of 30 μg/L or less is indicative of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis in repeat whole blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwenty‐one healthy male repeat whole blood donors were divided into two groups according to their predonation ferritin values: 30 μg/L or less (low‐ferritin group) and greater than 30 μg/L (normal‐ferritin group). Ferritin and erythropoietic parameters were measured before whole blood donation and weekly in the 8 weeks after donation.RESULTSA significantly lower value was found for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), reticulocytes, and reticulocyte hemoglobin content on at least three of the nine time points in the low‐ferritin group compared to the normal‐ferritin group (p < 0.05). Of these parameters, MCV and reticulocyte hemoglobin content were significantly lower before donation as well as during all 8 weeks following donation (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONBased on the lower values of the erythropoietic parameters in the low‐ferritin group, it can be concluded that repeat whole blood donors with a ferritin value of 30 μg/L or less have iron‐deficient erythropoiesis and therefore require a longer donation interval than the current 56 days.
Ocular abnormalities in a herd of Old Kladruber Horses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Andrysikova Radka , Pot Simon , Rüegg Simon , Markova Jitka , Horackova Eliska , Kolos Filip , Voelter Katrin , Spiess Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo screen a closed herd of the Old Kladruber Horses (OKH) for the prevalence of ocular disorders and report normal ocular variations.Animals studiedTwo hundred and sixty‐one horses, 122 Old Kladruber Gray Horses, and 139 Old Kladruber Black Horses owned by the National Stud Farm Kladruby nad Labem, Czech Republic, were included in the study with signalment and pedigree information recorded.ProceduresBilateral ocular examination of manually restrained horses was performed in a darkened environment by a single examiner (RA), using a portable slit‐lamp biomicroscope, direct ophthalmoscope, and monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy using a Finnoff transilluminator and 20 D condensing lens. Fluorescein testing was performed when indicated.ResultsThe animal ages ranged from 3 months to 27 years (mean 7.82 years, median 6 years). The gender ratio (males:females) was 109:152. Ophthalmological abnormalities were found in 133 (50.96%) horses; with right and left eyes affected equally. The most common abnormalities were cataract formation (35 horses), iris hyperpigmentation (29 horses), alterations in corpora nigra size (26 horses), nonsenile vitreal degeneration (24 horses), linear keratopathy (11 horses), corneal stromal haze (nine horses) and corneal subepithelial punctate opacities (nine horses). The most frequent variations of normal ocular anatomy were posterior lenticular suture lines (222 horses), tapetal hypoplasia (95 horses) resulting in a multi‐colored tapetal fundus (31 horses), nuclear sclerosis (48 horses), and senile vitreal degeneration (30 horses).ConclusionsOcular disorders were relatively common in OKH, but typically not vision threatening and not interfering with the quality of life.
Tear glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations in cats with normal or increased plasma concentrations
Authors: Steinmetz Andrea , Jörn Ulrike , Oechtering Gerhard U. , Heilmann Romy M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the lacrimal fluid (LF) contents of glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in cats.Animal studiedA total of 96 cats were included in the study.ProcedureVenous blood and LF samples were collected. For LF sampling, three small polyurethane sponges were placed in the ventral fornix of both eyes. Both LF and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were quantitatively analyzed and compared.ResultGlucose (n = 40) and urea nitrogen concentrations (n = 42) measured in LF from both eyes highly correlated. While there was a very strong correlation (ρ = 0.97) between urea nitrogen concentrations in blood plasma and the corresponding tear levels (with the median LF urea nitrogen being 109% of that measured in plasma), the LF glucose concentrations were significantly lower than the corresponding plasma concentrations (with only 13% of the blood glucose concentration detected in the LF). The creatinine concentrations in tears were much lower than those in plasma, and LF creatinine was detectable in only 12/48 cats (25%). Hence, a comparison of the LF creatinine concentrations between both eyes or with the corresponding plasma creatinine concentration was not possible.ConclusionMeasurement of LF urea nitrogen concentrations in cats appears to be reliable and might have potential clinical utility. Measurement of LF glucose concentrations is less reliable but may still be useful in some cats. Creatinine is not reliably detected in the LF in cats. Further studies determining clinical utility of LF metabolites in cats and other companion animals are warranted.
Migration of retrobulbar wooden foreign body between diagnostic imaging and surgical extraction in a German shepherd dog
Authors: Cherry Rose L. , Johnson Kryssa L. , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , Tobias Karen M. , Ward Daniel A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male castrated German shepherd dog was presented to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC) with periorbital swelling and conjunctival mucopurulent discharge 2 days following removal of a twig from the medial canthus by the owner. Diagnostic imaging was pursued due to the suspicion of a retrobulbar foreign body (FB). A cylindrical FB approximately 3.0 cm in length and 1.0 cm in diameter with concentric rings, suspected to be wooden material, was identified on computed tomography (CT) imaging. An attempt to remove the FB via a stab incision using ultrasound guidance was unsuccessful, and postmanipulation ultrasound confirmed the FB position was unchanged. An exploratory orbitotomy was performed, using the acquired CT images for guidance in locating the FB; however, the FB was not present at the predicted site. The CT imaging was repeated and showed that the FB had migrated rostrally approximately 3.0 cm, compared to the originally acquired study and its same location during attempted ultrasound‐guided removal. A combination of CT‐guided needle placement and contrast injection was then used with repeat imaging in an attempt to better localize the FB and its soft tissue tract. The dog was taken back into the operating room, and the wooden FB was successfully removed.
Making It Happen: Middle Managers' Roles in Innovation Implementation in Health Care
Authors: Urquhart Robin , Kendell Cynthia , Folkes Amy , Reiman Tony , Grunfeld Eva , Porter Geoffery A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMiddle managers are given scant attention in the implementation literature in health care, where the focus is on senior leaders and frontline clinicians.AimsTo empirically examine the role of middle managers relevant to innovation implementation and how middle managers experience the implementation process.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using the methods of grounded theory. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with middle managers (N = 15) in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Canada. Participants were purposively sampled, based on their involvement in implementation initiatives and to obtain variation in manager characteristics. Data were collected and analyzed concurrently, using an inductive constant comparative approach. Data collection and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was reached.ResultsMiddle managers see themselves as being responsible for making implementation happen in their programs and services. As a result, they carry out five roles related to implementation: planner, coordinator, facilitator, motivator, and evaluator. However, the data also revealed two determinants of middle managers' role in implementation, which they must negotiate to fulfill their specific implementation roles and activities: (1) They perform many other roles and responsibilities within their organizations, both clinical and managerial in nature, and (2) they have limited decision‐making power with respect to implementation and must work within the parameters set by upper levels of the organization.Linking Evidence to ActionMiddle managers play an important role in translating adoption decisions into on‐the‐ground implementation. Optimizing their capacity to fulfill this role may be key to improving innovation implementation in healthcare organizations.
Non‐human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil
Authors: Kotait Ivanete , Oliveira Rafael de Novaes , Carrieri Maria Luiza , Castilho Juliana G. , Macedo Carla Isabel , Pereira Patrícia Mariano Cruz , Boere Vanner , Montebello Lúcia , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRabies virus (RABV) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. The primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera. Since the late 1980s, RABV has been isolated from non‐human primates, Callithrix jacchus (the white‐tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco) in north‐eastern Brazil, where this species is indigenous. The original habitat of C. jacchus consisted of two Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga. However, these marmosets have since adapted to other ecosystems as a result of human activities. Between 1988 and 1989, RABV isolates were obtained from white‐tufted marmosets in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but antigenic and genetic identification studies were not conducted at that time. In the following years, three additional states reported cases (Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco). In two of these states (Ceará and Piauí), human cases of rabies transmitted by marmosets were reported. According to Brazilian Health Ministry data, at least 19 human cases in which this species was the source of infection were registered in between 1990 and 2016. Recent findings in laboratory tests of 12 rabid samples from humans and marmosets and the regional transmission among these animals for over 20 years, together with the gradual increase in the affected geographic area, support the concept of the emergence of a new RABV reservoir. Regional tourism, the wild animal trade and the cultural practice of maintaining these animals as pets, particularly in coastal regions, appear to be major risk factors for the increase in human cases. Additional epidemiological and ecological studies are required to better understand local disease dynamics and to identify ideal opportunities for prevention and control of this fatal infection.
Corticospinal excitability during shortening and lengthening actions with incremental torque output
Authors: Škarabot Jakob , Tallent Jamie , Goodall Stuart , Durbaba Rade , Howatson Glyn 
Published: October 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The relationship between motor unit recruitment and firing rate has been related to the size of the corticospinal output with variations in the nervous system gain during isometric contractions. However, corticospinal behaviour with incremental torque output might differ during anisometric contractions owing to differences in neural control of anisometric contraction types.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Corticospinal excitability during lengthening contractions was smaller compared with shortening but increased with incremental torque output in a similar manner between contraction types. The relationship between motor unit recruitment and firing rates is probably the main determinant of the size of an evoked response with variations in system gain.

AbstractThe modulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), an index of corticospinal excitability, has been shown to increase during isometric contractions with incremental torque output in accordance with the contribution between motor unit recruitment and firing rate of the muscle to increases in required torque output. However, the motor unit strategy of the muscle might not be the only factor influencing this behaviour, because differences in pre‐ and postsynaptic control have been reported between lengthening and shortening or isometric contractions. In 30 healthy adults, MEPs were elicited in tibialis anterior during shortening and lengthening contractions at 15, 25, 50 and 80% of contraction‐type‐specific maximal voluntary contraction torque. Background EMG activity increased progressively with greater torque output (P < 0.001) but was similar between contraction types (P = 0.162). When normalized to the maximal muscle response, MEPs were greater during shortening compared with lengthening contractions (P = 0.004) and increased stepwise with increased contraction intensities (P = 0.001). These data show an increase in corticospinal excitability with torque output from lower to higher contraction intensities, suggesting a greater contribution of motor unit recruitment to increased nervous system gain in the tibialis anterior. Despite differences in corticospinal control of shortening and lengthening contractions, the data suggest that the corticospinal responses to increases in torque output are not dependent on contraction type, because corticospinal excitability increased to a similar extent during shortening and lengthening actions. Thus, it is likely that the relationship between motor unit recruitment and firing rate of the muscle is the main determinant of corticospinal output with variations in nervous system gain.
Presynaptic loss of dynamin‐related protein 1 impairs synaptic vesicle release and recycling at the mouse calyx of Held
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Denny Henry , Smith Christina , Granados Jorge , Renden Robert 
Published: October 2018

Key points
This study characterizes the mechanisms underlying defects in synaptic transmission when dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) is genetically eliminated. Viral‐mediated knockout of DRP1 from the presynaptic terminal at the mouse calyx of Held increased initial release probability, reduced the size of the synaptic vesicle recycling pool and impaired synaptic vesicle recycling.
Transmission defects could be partially restored by increasing the intracellular calcium buffering capacity with EGTA‐AM, implying close coupling of Ca2+ channels to synaptic vesicles was compromised.
Acute restoration of ATP to physiological levels in the presynaptic terminal did not reverse the synaptic defects.
Loss of DRP1 impairs mitochondrial morphology in the presynaptic terminal, which in turn seems to arrest synaptic maturation.
AbstractImpaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, and likely affects synaptic neurotransmission prior to cellular loss. Dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1) is essential for mitochondrial fission and is disrupted in neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we used the mouse calyx of Held synapse as a model to investigate the impact of presynaptic DRP1 loss on synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling and sustained neurotransmission. In vivo viral expression of Cre recombinase in ventral cochlear neurons of floxed‐DRP1 mice generated a presynaptic‐specific DRP1 knockout (DRP1‐preKO), where the innervated postsynaptic cell was unperturbed. Confocal reconstruction of the calyx terminal suggested SV clusters and mitochondrial content were disrupted, and presynaptic terminal volume was decreased. Using postsynaptic voltage‐clamp recordings, we found that DRP1‐preKO synapses had larger evoked responses at low frequency stimulation. DRP1‐preKO synapses also had profoundly altered short‐term plasticity, due to defects in SV recycling. Readily releasable pool size, estimated with high‐frequency trains, was dramatically reduced in DRP1‐preKO synapses, suggesting an important role for DRP1 in maintenance of release‐competent SVs at the presynaptic terminal. Presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation in the terminal was also enhanced in DRP1‐preKO synapses. Synaptic transmission defects could be partially rescued with EGTA‐AM, indicating close coupling of Ca2+ channels to SV distance normally found in mature terminals may be compromised by DRP1‐preKO. Using paired recordings of the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, recycling defects could not be reversed by acute dialysis of ATP into the calyx terminals. Taken together, our results implicate a requirement for mitochondrial fission to coordinate postnatal synapse maturation.
Mycobacteriophages
Authors: Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts. A large number of mycobacteriophages have been isolated and genomically characterized, providing insights into viral diversity and evolution, as well as fueling development of tools for mycobacterial genetics. Mycobacteriophages have intimate relationships with their hosts and provide insights into the genetics and physiology of the mycobacteria and tools for potential clinical applications such as drug development, diagnosis, vaccines, and potentially therapy.
Fulminant Staphylococcal Infections
Authors: Gillet Yves , Henry Thomas , Vandenesch Francois 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Fulminant staphylococcal infection indicates an explosive, intense, and severe infection occurring in a patient whose previous condition and antecedent would never have caused any anticipation of life-threatening development. This includes necrotizing pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, and to some extent toxic shock syndrome and infective endocarditis. In the three former diseases, toxin production plays a major role whereas in the latter (fulminant presentation of infective endocarditis), association with any particular toxinic profile has never been demonstrated. This article reviews the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects of these diseases.
Fatal gastric distension in a gold thioglucose mouse model of obesity
Authors: Nitezki Tina , Kleuser Burkhard , Krämer Stephanie 
Published: October 2018

This case report addresses the problem of underreporting negative results and adverse side effects in animal testing. We present our findings regarding a hyperphagic mouse model associated with unforeseen high mortality. The results outline the necessity of reporting detailed information in the literature to avoid duplication. Obese mouse models are essential in the study of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. An experimental model of obesity can be induced by the administration of gold thioglucose (GTG). After transcending the blood-brain barrier, the GTG molecule interacts with regions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, thereby primarily targeting glucose-sensitive neurons. When these neurons are impaired, mice become insensitive to the satiety effects of glucose and develop hyperphagia. In a pilot study for optimising dosage and body weight development, C57BL/6 mice were treated with GTG (0.5 mg/g body weight) or saline, respectively. Animals were provided a physiological amount of standard diet (5 g per animal) for the first 24 hours after treatment to prevent gastric dilatation. Within 24 hours after GTG injection, all GTG-treated animals died of gastric overload and subsequent circulatory shock. Animals developed severe attacks of hyperphagia, and as the amount of provided chow was restricted, mice exhibited unforeseen pica and ingested bedding material. These observations strongly suggest that restricted feeding is contraindicated concerning GTG application. Presumably, the impulse of excessive food intake was a strong driving force. Therefore, the actual degree of suffering in the GTG-induced model of hyperphagia should be revised from moderate to severe.
Correlation of imaging and intraoperative findings in Pott’s puffy tumour
Authors: Olmaz Burak , Cingoz Mehmet , Akdogan Emin , Kandemirli Sedat G 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Pott’s puffy tumour is characterised by frontal bone osteomyelitis accompanied by subperiosteal abscess. It can be further complicated by intracranial extension of the infectious process. Case presentation A 12-year-old boy initially presented with signs and imaging findings of pan-sinusitis. Despite antibiotic therapy, there was progressive swelling of the forehead region. Subsequent imaging studies revealed osteomyelitis of frontal bone, subcutaneous abscess and extension into intracranial space. The abscesses were surgically drained, and craniectomy for osteomyelitis was carried out. Conclusion The initial symptoms of Pott’s puffy tumour can be subtle, and antibiotic use may mask the underlying sinister involvement of intracranial structures. Imaging plays an important role both in diagnosis and detection of possible intracranial complications.
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale
Authors: Ye Xuan , Liu Hong-Yue , Lu Sheng-Rong , Zhai Qing , Yu Bo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS). Methods After translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CASS into Chinese (C-CASS), a random online survey of the general population in China was conducted. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and construct validity was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. The C-CASS was evaluated in a sample of 382 non-cancer patients through online format. Results The study found that the C-CASS had satisfactory internal reliability (Cronbach’s α of the overall scale and six components was 0.88 and 0.70–0.89, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor structure (χ2/df = 2.2, GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.056, SRMR = 0.065). Younger individuals and those who had less knowledge of cancer showed more negative attitudes towards cancer. Conclusion The C-CASS had adequate internal consistency, reliability and indices of model fit, allowing its feasible use to assess levels of cancer stigma in Chinese populations.