bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How many of 1829 antidepressant users report withdrawal effects or addiction?
Authors: Read John , Cartwright Claire , Gibson Kerry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMore than 10% of adults are prescribed antidepressants annually in some countries. Recent increases in prescribing can be explained more by repeat prescriptions than new patients. This raises the question of whether antidepressants are addictive. A total of 1829 New Zealanders who had been prescribed antidepressants completed an online survey; 44% had been taking antidepressants for more than 3 years and were still taking them. Withdrawal effects when stopping medication were reported by 55%, and addiction by 27%. Paroxetine had particularly high rates of withdrawal symptoms. Only 1% of participants recalled being told about withdrawal effects when prescribed the drugs. Such high rates of withdrawal symptoms suggest that all concerned, including mental health nurses, need to help people considering antidepressants to understand that it can be difficult to withdraw from them. It will also be beneficial to closely monitor people already taking antidepressants and who are at risk of long‐term usage.
Morphology and function of the skin epithelium covering the giant keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata
Authors: Martin Gary G. , Bailey Abby K. , Cohen Seth , Loera Yeraldi , Crooke Anne M. , Stamnes Stephanie , Field Naomi , Natha Zain , Ramesh Nisha , Rose Kasey 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMucus‐secreting epithelia protect marine gastropods from abrasive particles and microbes in seawater. We studied the morphology and function of the epithelium in the giant keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata. All exposed surfaces of the limpets were covered by a mucus‐secreting, simple columnar epithelium, in which most cells on the sole of the foot bore cilia, while the majority of cells on the side of the foot and three mantle regions bore microvilli. None of the coatings had antibacterial properties. The epithelium of the foot was distinct from that of other regions, in that the mucus secreted was used for locomotion and was left behind as the limpet moved. The glycocalyx bound to the microvilli of the mantle cells appeared to be clean in visual and SEM examinations, and attempts to enhance the binding of inert particles and bacteria were unsuccessful. Because studies have shown that standard tissue processing may cause artifactual shrinkage of mucous layers, cryostat sections and additives to standard fixatives were tested, but we found no change in the thickness of the mucous layers of the limpets compared to routinely processed tissues. Sloughing of the glycocalyx in vertebrate systems removes bound microbes, and alterations of the glycocalyx layers are associated with disease conditions. Sloughing of the glycocalyx on limpets was rarely observed. In one case, the outer mantle of the limpet was covered with silt and the glycocalyx appeared to be detaching. This process could be experimentally induced by dousing the outer mantle with talc particles. The types of secretory cells producing the mucus in each region of the skin were characterized using standard histological stains and lectin staining. Because analysis was hampered by their small size, classification of the types of secretory cells was based on TEM descriptions of granule morphology, which allowed for comparison to the secretory cells described from skin of the abalone. The possible roles of the numerous secretions, and the mechanisms of mucus production and loss, are compared to what is known in vertebrate systems and to our relative lack of knowledge regarding invertebrate systems.
AGENCY CONFLICTS IN RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIZATION: WHAT DOES THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE TELL US?
Authors: Frame W. Scott 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAgency conflicts inherent in securitization are viewed as having been a key contributor to the recent financial crisis. A review of empirical research for the U.S. home mortgage market suggests that the problem may not have been securitization itself, but rather the origination and distribution of observably riskier loans. Low‐documentation mortgages, for which asymmetric information problems are acute, performed especially poorly during the crisis. Low‐documentation mortgages performed better when included in deals where issuers were affiliated with lenders or had reputational capital at stake. Investors priced low‐documentation loan risk via higher required equity tranches and security yields.
Parental experiences of family‐centred care from admission to discharge in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Serlachius Anna , Hames Jessica , Juth Vanessa , Garton Dale , Rowley Simon , Petrie Keith J 
Published: June 2018

AimIt has been increasingly recognised that family‐centred care (FCC) is associated with enhanced well‐being for both parents and infants in paediatric settings, including the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Over the past 4 years, our NICU has increasingly adopted a collaborative philosophy of care. The purpose of the study was to examine parental experiences of FCC during both the admission and discharge time points in order to examine differences in parents’ experiences and identify areas for improvement.MethodsWe conducted interviews at two time points (admission and discharge) with 83 parents (mothers and fathers) of premature and medically fragile infants and analysed the data using thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes (and sub‐themes) were identified: disempowerment, hierarchy between parents and staff and the father's peripheral role. The themes were equally prevalent across admission and discharge.ConclusionsThe challenges relating to FCC reported by parents at both admission and discharge represent some of the key barriers that parents still face in terms of being truly involved in the care of their infant in the NICU. Similar themes at both time points suggest that parents need equal amounts of support during their stay in NICU, irrespective of the level of care the infant is receiving and whether they are approaching discharge. Implications for improving FCC more generally are discussed.
Emergency department presentations of febrile children to an Australian public hospital
Authors: Bereznicki Bonnie J , Tucker Madeline GA , Beggs Sean A , Zosky Graeme R , Bereznicki Luke RE 
Published: June 2018

AimWe investigated the presentations of children with unspecified fever to an Australian emergency department (ED): (i) to determine the proportion of these presentations that could be classified as potentially avoidable and (ii) to identify factors associated with an increased risk of hospital admission.MethodsThis study retrospectively identified and described children aged <6 years who presented to the Royal Hobart Hospital (Tasmania, Australia) ED with unspecified fever (ICD‐10‐AM code R50.9) between January 2013 and December 2015, using data from the ED information system and digital medical records. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare method was used to estimate the number of potentially avoidable general practitioner‐type presentations. Predictors of hospital admission were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 459 patients aged <6 years presented to the ED with a primary diagnosis description of unspecified fever. Of these, 30.7% were classed as potentially avoidable general practitioner‐type presentations. Overall, 26.1% of presentations resulted in admission to hospital. Administration of intravenous fluids in the ED and a longer treat time were identified as significant predictors of a child with non‐specific fever being admitted to hospital. Older age, administration of antipyretics in the ED and presentations triaged as semi‐urgent and non‐urgent significantly reduced the probability of admission.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first Australian study that has assessed the impact of unspecified childhood fever on an Australian ED. Further investigation of presentations classified as potentially avoidable is warranted to investigate whether these could be managed in the primary care setting.
Contributions toward understanding the biodiversity of Passiflora in North America: Updates and a new combination from the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico and vicinity
Authors: Svoboda Harlan T. , Harris AJ 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Baja California Peninsula and surrounding landmasses harbor an abundant flora in an otherwise harsh and arid environment. Of the many plant groups native to this peninsular and insular region, passionflowers (Passiflora, Passifloraceae) are represented by several conspicuous taxa that all belong to a single lineage, section Dysosmia. Basic questions remain regarding this group, particularly the taxonomic status among the Passiflora arida complex. Therefore, we investigated the claims of endemism, habitat characteristics, and taxon boundaries with in section Dysosmia in the Baja California region using extensive sampling of herbarium specimens and iNaturalist observations. We confirmed that only one of the native Passiflora taxa (P. fruticosa) was endemic to the Baja California Peninsula, with an additional taxon (P. palmeri) considered near‐endemic. Environmental data revealed significant distinctions between the habitats of many of the native taxa as well as within the P. arida complex, especially with respect to precipitation and temperature tolerances. Geometric morphometric analyses of leaf shape were largely not successful at separating taxa, indicating leaf shape may not be a good indicator of taxon identity in this particular group. Based on ecological differences and discrete macro‐ and micromorphological features, a varietal name is here synonymized and a new combination is proposed: Passiflora pentaschista.
Exploring the impact of experimental sleep restriction and sleep deprivation on subjectively perceived sleep parameters
Authors: Maric Angelina , Bürgi Manuel , Werth Esther , Baumann Christian R. , Poryazova Rositsa 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe aimed to investigate the effect of increased sleep pressure and shortened sleep duration on subjective sleep perception in relation to electroencephalographic sleep measures. We analyzed the data from a study in which 14 healthy male volunteers had completed a baseline assessment with 8 hr time in bed, a sleep deprivation (40 hr of wakefulness) and a sleep restriction protocol with 5 hr time in bed during 7 nights. In this work, we assessed perception index, derived through dividing the subjectively perceived total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and sleep latency duration by the objectively measured one at each condition. We found that total sleep time was subjectively underestimated at baseline and shifted towards overestimation during sleep restriction and after deprivation. This change in accuracy of subjective estimates was not associated with any changes in sleep architecture or sleep depth. Wake after sleep onset was significantly underestimated only during sleep restriction. Sleep latency was always overestimated subjectively without any significant change in this misperception across conditions. When comparing accuracy of subjective and actimetry estimates, subjective estimates regarding total sleep time and wake after sleep onset deviated less from electroencephalography derived measures during sleep restriction and after deprivation. We conclude that self‐assessments and actimetry data of patients with chronic sleep restriction should be interpreted cautiously. The subjectively decreased perception of wake after sleep onset could lead to overestimated sleep efficiency in such individuals, whereas the underestimation of sleep time and overestimation of wake after sleep onset by actimetry could lead to further underestimated sleep duration.
Teaching about endangered languages in the undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Hildebrandt Kristine A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper is a case study of the development and teaching of a course on language endangerment and death, including related topics like language preservation, language revitalization and revival, and the historical, socio‐cultural, economic, and political factors behind the recent exacerbation of the depletion of global linguistic diversity. This case study also demonstrates how students can learn to apply methods of evaluating primary and secondary sources towards constructing a web‐based, digital exhibit that explores the story behind endangerment of a specific language. Underlying this case study is the argument that such a course is equally as critical to undergraduate linguistics and general education. It builds on critical discipline‐specific skills and also offers opportunities for broader cross‐disciplinary inquiry and acquisition of professional skills for undergraduate students as young global citizens.
Enterococcus adhesin PrgB facilitates type IV secretion by condensation of extracellular DNA
Authors: Kohler Verena , Keller Walter , Grohmann Elisabeth 
Published: June 2018

SummaryConjugative type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are multi‐protein complexes in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive (G+) bacteria, responsible for spreading antibiotic resistances and virulence factors among different species. Compared to Gram‐negative bacteria, which establish close contacts for conjugative transfer via sex pili, G+ T4SSs are suggested to employ surface adhesins instead. One example is pCF10, an enterococcal conjugative sex‐pheromone responsive plasmid with a narrow host range, thus disseminating genetic information only among closely related species. This MicroCommentary is dedicated to the crystal structure of the pCF10‐encoded adhesion domain of PrgB presented by Schmitt et al. The authors show in their work that this adhesion domain is responsible for biofilm formation, tight binding and condensation of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and conjugative transfer of pCF10. A sophisticated two‐step mechanism for highly efficient conjugative transfer is postulated, including the formation of PrgB‐mediated long‐range intercellular contacts by binding and establishment of shorter‐range contacts via condensation of eDNA. PrgB binding to lipoteichoic acid on the recipient cell surface stabilizes junctions between the mating partners. The major findings by Schmitt et al. will be brought into a broader context and potential medical applications targeting eDNA as essential component in biofilm formation and conjugation will be discussed.
Whole‐genome sequencing in a pair of monozygotic twins with discordant cleft lip and palate subtypes
Authors: Takahashi Masahiro , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Nagahama Ryo , Yoshida Hiroshi , Maki Koutaro , Marazita Mary L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Tajima Atsushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common and etiologically complex birth defects. This study explored potential genetic differences in a pair of Japanese monozygotic (MZ) twins with different forms of OFC using whole‐genome sequencing.Subjects and MethodsOne co‐twin (MZ‐1) presented with nonsyndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate; the other co‐twin (MZ‐2) had nonsyndromic bilateral cleft lip and unilateral left‐sided cleft alveolus. Neither parent had an OFC. Craniofacial morphologic features and potential genetic differences were compared using standard cephalometry and whole‐genome sequencing, respectively.ResultsMorphologically, MZ‐1 had a smaller vertical mandibular height, compared to MZ‐2. However, no discordant genetic differences were detected. Moreover, both twins and their parents harbored rare candidate gene variants (GRHL3; TPM1) considered to be associated with OFCs.ConclusionThe observed differences between MZ‐1 and MZ‐2 in craniofacial morphology assessed by cephalograms might be directly attributable to the effects of the OFC on growth and/or differences in surgical history, given the lack of any differences in genetic background. However, comparisons of discordant MZ twins should continue to identify novel candidates that might control OFC or that might partly explain the missing heritability for this common birth defect, in addition to understanding craniofacial growth and development.
Infinite idealizations in physics
Authors: Shech Elay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I provide an overview of the debate on infinite and essential idealizations in physics. I will first present two ostensible examples: phase transitions and the Aharonov–Bohm effect. Then, I will describe the literature on the topic as a debate between two positions: Essentialists claim that idealizations are essential or indispensable for scientific accounts of certain physical phenomena, while dispensabilists maintain that idealizations are dispensable from mature scientific theory. I will also identify some attempts at finding a middle ground between the essentialists and dispensabilists camps. Finally, I will raise questions for future research on essential and infinite idealizations via the notion of exploration.
A Defence of the Indispensability of Metaphor
Authors: González de Prado Salas Javier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractI argue for the possibility of the thesis that metaphors are indispensable for grasping and expressing certain propositions. I defend this possibility against the objection that, if metaphors express propositions, once these propositions are identified they should be specifiable by non‐metaphorical means. I argue that this objection loses its strength if one adopts a Wittgensteinian, particularist view of thought, according to which grasping a propositional thought requires the ongoing exercise of a suitable skill often not characterizable by algorithmic rules. Within this particularist framework, thus, it becomes possible that metaphorical skills have an indispensable role in cognition and communication.
Is population genetic structure of vascular plants shaped more by ecological or geographic factors? A study case on the Mediterranean endemic Centaurea filiformis (Asteraceae)
Authors: Farris E. , Filigheddu R. , Mameli G. , Falanga V. , Vanetti I. , Rosati L. , Binelli G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

All known populations of the Sardinian endemic Centaurea filiformis Viv. (Asteraceae) were studied in order to understand the impact of both geographic and ecological factors on the genetic structuring of this species.

Fourteen populations and 234 individuals were sampled. The demographic structure of the populations and the reproductive ecology were estimated in 28 plots. Population genetic analyses were based on SSR markers. Genetic structure was investigated by spatial Bayesian methods.

Average densities of 0.51 individuals m−2 were detected, with a prevalence of adults. Ten species of pollinators were identified; C. filiformis ability to self‐pollinate and myrmecochory were demonstrated experimentally. The populations displayed an average heterozygosity value of He = 0.576 and high genetic differentiation (overall FST = 0.218). Bayesian analysis suggests that five is the most probable number of gene pools of origin. A strong correlation between geographic distances and genetic distances among populations was highlighted.

The demographic population structure of C. filiformis is dominated by adults, suggesting that it is a stable‐regressive or senile species, investing more in local persistence than colonisation ability. Despite the scattered distribution, the populations studied do not present evidence of genetic erosion. The analysis of genetic differentiation reveals very high differentiation levels among populations, thus indicating that effective barriers exist against gene flow. A general conclusion is that population distribution results in a clear genetic structure for the populations studied, and that geography and not ecology is shaping the present distribution of this species.
Sharing Values
Authors: Hedahl Marcus , Huebner Bryce 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider one of the ways in which shared valuing is normatively significant. More specifically, we analyze the processes that can reliably provide normative grounding for the standing to rebuke others for their failures to treat something as valuable. Yet problems with grounding this normative standing quickly arise, as it is not immediately clear why shared valuing binds group members together in ways that can sustain the collective pursuit of shared ends. Responding to this difficulty is no easy task, since doing so requires demonstrating that the standing to call on one's fellow participants because of shared forms of valuing is not merely a side effect of members authority to call on their fellow participants to do their fair share in a collective endeavor. This is, to the best of our knowledge, a problem that the sparse literature on shared valuing has yet to consider. We argue that the best way to address this difficulty is to consider the real‐world complexity of how forms of valuing come to be shared within well‐structured collectives and how members internalize the evaluative tendencies that sustain shared valuing. To accomplish those ends, we examine two different ways that shared valuing is cultivated within well‐structured groups and the corresponding ways that members internalize forms of valuing; specifically, we examine differences between forms of valuing that are passed downward from the top of a group, as they are in the U.S. Military, and forms of valuing that bubble‐up through local patterns of interaction, as they do among the Zapatistas of Chiapas.
An objective method to assess the improvements of skin texture roughness after botulinum toxin type a treatment of crow's feet
Authors: Cavallini M. , Papagni M. , Gazzola R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhoto‐numeric scales could lack precision and objectivity on evaluating the improvements on wrinkles after a treatment with botulinum toxin type A. The authors suggest a new digital evaluation method to analyze its effectiveness.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate retrospectively the effect of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A on skin texture in the lateral peri‐orbital region with a new objective method.MethodsSkin texture roughness (STR) in the lateral peri‐orbital region is evaluated with a multi‐directional light beam by light emitting diodes of different wavelengths (Antera 3D®), before and after injections of 12 units of botulinum toxin type A. The wrinkles and lines deeper than 0.5 mm are filtered to measure accurately skin texture.ResultsWe observed an improvement of STR in all cases treated with botulinum toxin type A. A significant decrease of STR was recorded as follows: 17.08% (P < .0001) at 4 weeks and 12.14% at 4 months (P = .001).ConclusionBotulinum toxin type A treatment of crow's feet was able to improve STR. The Antera® device and software are a valuable, objective, easy and reproducible method to assess the effects of the toxin.