bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of nursing education and job characteristics on nurse's perceptions of their family nursing practice skills
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Sigurdardottir Anna Olafia , Konradsdottir Elisabet , Tryggvadottir Gudny Bergthora 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundImplementing family system nursing in clinical settings is on the rise. However, little is known about the impact of graduate school education as well as continuing education in family systems nursing (FSN) on nurses’ perceptions of their family nursing practice.AimsTo evaluate the level of nursing education, having taken a continuing hospital educational course in family system nursing (FN‐ETI programme), and the impact of job characteristics on nurses’ perceptions of their family nursing practice skills.Design and MethodsParticipants were 436 nurses with either a BSc degree or graduate degree in nursing. The Job Demand, Control and Support model guided the study (R. Karasek and T. Theorell, 1992, Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life, Basic Books, New York, NY). Scores for the characteristics of job demands and job control were created to categorise participants into four job types: high strain (high demand, low control), passive (low demand, low control), low strain (low demand, high control) and active (high demand, high control).ResultsNurses with a graduate education who had taken the FN‐ETI programme scored significantly higher on the Family Nursing Practice Scale than nurses with an undergraduate education. Nurses who were characterised as low strain or active scored significantly higher on the Family Nursing Practice Scale than the nurses who were characterised as high strain. Further, the interaction of education by job type was significant regarding family nursing practice skills. Hierarchical regression revealed 25% of the variance in family nursing practice skills was explained by job control, family policy on the unit, graduate education and employment on the following divisions: Maternal‐Child, Emergency, Mental Health or Internal Medicine.ConclusionGraduate education plus continuing education in FSN can offer nurses increased job opportunities more control over one's work as well as increased skills working with families in clinical settings.
Knowledge, perceived skills and activities of nursing staff to support oral home care among older domiciliary care clients
Authors: Salmi Riikka , Tolvanen Mimmi , Suhonen Riitta , Lahti Satu , Närhi Timo 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIncreasing number of older adults lives in their own homes, but needs help in many daily routines. Domiciliary care nursing staff (DCNS) is often needed to support oral home care. However, information of nursing staff's knowledge, skills and activity in this task is sparse.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess DCNS knowledge, perceived skills and activities to support oral home care of older domiciliary care clients.Material and methodsThe study was conducted among DCNS in one of the largest cities in Finland. All DCNS members (n = 465) received a questionnaire with 14 multiple choice and open questions regarding the perceived skills, knowledge and activities of oral health guidance of older domiciliary care clients. In total, 115 (25%) DCNS members returned the questionnaires. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe the samples and study variables. DCNS was categorised according to age and working years for group comparisons, which were assessed with chi‐squared test.ResultsKnowledge concerning oral health was mostly on a high level. Around 50% of DCNS considered their knowledge regarding dental prosthesis hygiene as sufficient. Of the DCNS, 67% informed that they had received education on oral health care. However, over 50% of the DCNS had a need for further education in issues related to oral home care. DCNS were active in supporting most oral and prosthesis hygiene means, yet less in guidance concerning toothbrushing. Activity to support cleaning the interdental spaces was the weakest, in which only 12% of the respondents considered having average or excellent skills. Younger DCNS had better knowledge on oral home care due to recent education, but older staff members were more skilful in performing oral hygiene measures.ConclusionsThere is a need for structured instructions and training on oral home care for DCNS. Oral home care should be taken into account more often and regularly.
Political legitimacy and welfare state futures: Introduction
Authors: Chung Heejung , Taylor‐Gooby Peter , Leruth Benjamin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWelfare attitudes are pivotal in understanding the preferences and demands of citizens to help shape future policy reforms in welfare states. Accordingly, and due to the availability of large scale comparative survey data on attitudes, large numbers of studies of welfare attitudes have emerged during the past few decades. However, some limitations still exist in the field, such as the background assumptions informing the questionnaire design and top–down framing of issues, the population represented, and, lastly, limitations in teasing out the causal mechanisms of relationships, especially pertaining to that of policy reform. This regional issue brings together articles that address some of these issues and others in welfare attitude research to provide some guidance for future studies. This article first summarizes the existing studies on welfare attitudes to identify some of the key limitations, and introduces the five articles in this issue. It concludes with some suggestions for future studies in welfare attitudes.
PCR analysis of a prescription vegetarian diet and use in three dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions
Authors: Aufox Erin E. , May Elizabeth R. , Frank Linda A. , Kania Stephen A. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) is diagnosed by performing an elimination diet trial utilizing prescription or home‐cooked diets followed by provocative challenge.ObjectivesTo report findings of PCR analysis of a prescription vegetarian diet (RCV) for undeclared proteins of animal origin, as well as to describe its utilization for diagnosis and management of dogs suspected of having CAFR.AnimalsThree client‐owned dogs.MethodsPCR analysis of RCV for 11 mammalian species and poultry. In three dogs, clinical examination, cytology, aerobic culture (if indicated) and at least one elimination diet trial with RCV.ResultsIn our case series, all dogs had a history of pruritus and recurrent pyoderma that resolved with infection control and an elimination diet trial. In cases 1 and 2, a diagnosis of CAFR was made following an elimination trial with RCV and provocative challenge. Case 3 had a previously confirmed diagnosis of CAFR and RCV was successfully used to maintain remission of CAFR‐related signs. PCR testing of RCV was negative for 11 mammalian species and poultry.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe RCV diet was found not to contain any undeclared mammalian or avian proteins. In this case series, the RCV was successfully used to diagnose and maintain three dogs with CAFR.
Pharmacokinetics of Anidulafungin in Obese and Normal-Weight Adults
Authors: Wasmann Roeland E. , ter Heine Rob , van Dongen Eric P. , Burger David M. , Lempers Vincent J. , Knibbe Catherijne A. , Brüggemann Roger J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
In 2025, approximately one out of five adults will be obese. Physiological changes associated with obesity have been shown to influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Anidulafungin is frequently used in critically ill patients, and to achieve optimal efficacy, it is essential that its dose is appropriate for each patient's characteristics. We combined data from obese subjects with data from normal-weight subjects and determined an optimal dosing regimen for obese patients by population pharmacokinetic modeling. Twenty adults, 12 of which were normal-weight healthy subjects (median weight, 67.7 kg; range, 61.5 to 93.6 kg) and 8 of which were morbidly obese subjects (median weight, 149.7 kg; range, 124.1 to 166.5 kg) were included in the analysis. Subjects received a single dose of 100 mg anidulafungin intravenously over 90 min, upon which blood samples were obtained. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to optimize dosing in obesity. A three-compartment model and equal volumes of distribution described the data best. Total body weight was identified as a descriptor for both clearance and the volume of distribution, but the effect of weight on these parameters was limited. Simulations showed that with the licensed 100-mg dose, more than 97% of subjects with a weight above 140 kg will have an area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h of less than 99 mg · h/liter (the reference value for normal-weight individuals). We found that in obese and normal-weight subjects, weight influenced both of the anidulafungin pharmacokinetic parameters clearance and volume of distribution, implying a lower exposure to anidulafungin in (morbidly) obese individuals. Consequently, a 25% increase in the loading and maintenance doses could be considered in patients weighing more than 140 kg.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Tolerability of Single-Dose Oral LCB01-0371, a Novel Oxazolidinone with Broad-Spectrum Activity, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Cho Yong-Soon , Lim Hyeong-Seok , Lee Shi-Hyang , Cho Young Lag , Nam Hee-sook , Bae Kyun-Seop 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTLCB01-0371 is a novel oxazolidinone with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive pathogens in bothin vitrostudies and animal infection models. The objectives of this study were to evaluate its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics following single ascending doses. Single oral doses of 600 mg linezolid, a placebo, or LCB01-0371 of between 50 mg and 3,200 mg were tested in 69 healthy male subjects. Blood and urine were sampled, LCB01-0371 concentrations were measured, and the serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers of LCB01-0371 and linezolid were determined. LCB01-0371 was well tolerated up to 2,400 mg. The most common drug-related clinical and laboratory adverse events were nausea with or without vomiting, decreased neutrophil counts, and increased total bilirubin levels. The frequency of adverse events and drug-related adverse events was similar among the treatment groups. The systemic exposure was approximately dose proportional over the range of 50 mg to 800 mg, which includes the anticipated clinical dose. The mean clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution were significantly decreased at higher doses (above 800 mg). LCB01-0371 exhibited early bacteriostatic activity against all tested strains except forStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains, and the potency of LCB01-0371 at 800 mg was similar to that of linezolid at the therapeutic dose (600 mg). However, LCB01-0371 had less bactericidal activity than linezolid. Taken together, LCB01-0371 was well tolerated, exhibited approximate dose proportionality within the anticipated clinically relevant dose range, and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity comparable to that of linezolid. These results support the further clinical development of LCB01-0371. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01554995.)
Complete Genome Sequence of Methylomonas denitrificans Strain FJG1, an Obligate Aerobic Methanotroph That Can Couple Methane Oxidation with Denitrification
Authors: Orata Fabini D. , Kits K. Dimitri , Stein Lisa Y. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Methylomonas denitrificans
strain FJG1 is a member of the gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs. The sequenced genome of FJG1 reveals the presence of genes that encode methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and formate oxidation. It also contains genes that encode enzymes for nitrate reduction to nitrous oxide, consistent with the ability of FJG1 to couple denitrification with methane oxidation.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Freshwater Bacterium Beggiatoa leptomitoformis Strain D-401
Authors: Fomenkov Alexey , Sun Zhiyi , Vincze Tamas , Dubinina Galina , Orlova Maria , Tarlachkov Sergey V. , Anton Brian P. , Grabovich Margarita Y. , Roberts Richard J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete closed genome sequence and methylome analysis of
Beggiatoa leptomitoformis
strain D-401 (DSM 14945, UNIQEMU 779), which is quite different from the previously described
Beggiatoa leptomitoformis
neotype strain D-402
T
(DSM 14946, UNIQEM U 779) with regard to morphology and lithotrophic growth in the presence of thiosulfate.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Interspecies Hybrid Saccharomyces pastorianus Strain HA2560, Isolated from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Tafer Hakim , Sterflinger Katja , Lopandic Ksenija 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Saccharomyces pastorianus
is an industrially relevant yeast frequently isolated from brewing environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
S. pastorianus
HA2560 strain isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.
The relationship between intimate partner violence reported at the first antenatal booking visit and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in an ethnically diverse group of Australian pregnant women: a population-based study over 10 years
Authors: Dahlen Hannah Grace , Munoz Ana Maria , Schmied Virginia , Thornton Charlene 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health issue affecting mainly women and is known to escalate during pregnancy and impact negatively on obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of IPV in a pregnant multicultural population and to determine the relationship between IPV reported at booking interview and maternal and perinatal outcomes.DesignThis is a retrospective population-based data study. We analysed routinely collected data (2006–2016) from the ObstetriX system on a cohort of pregnant women.Setting and participants33 542 women giving birth in a major health facility in Western Sydney.Primary outcomesIncidence of IPV, association with IPV and other psychosocial variables and maternal and perinatal outcomes.Result4.3% of pregnant women reported a history of IPV when asked during the routine psychosocial assessment. Fifty-four per cent were not born in Australia, and this had increased significantly over the decade. Women born in New Zealand (7.2%) and Sudan (9.1%) were most likely to report IPV at the antenatal booking visit, with women from China and India least likely to report IPV. Women who reported IPV were more likely to report additional psychosocial concerns including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores>13 (7.6%), thoughts of self-harm (2.4%), childhood abuse (23.6%), and a history of anxiety and depression (34.2%). Women who reported IPV were more likely to be Australian born, smoke and be multiparous and to have been admitted for threatened preterm labour (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.8, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.39).ConclusionsA report of IPV at the first antenatal booking visit is associated with a higher level of reporting on all psychosocial risks, higher antenatal admissions, especially for threatened preterm labour. More research is needed regarding the effectiveness of current IPV screening for women from other countries.
The incidence of injury in elite camogie, an in-season prospective study
Authors: Buckley Catherine Susan , Blake Catherine 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCamogie is a stickhandling, high-velocity, multidirectional field sport for females which is native to Ireland, but is also played internationally.AimTo establish the incidence, nature and severity of injuries in elite camogie players.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was carried out during the Provincial Championships and extending into the All-Ireland Championship until a participating team was eliminated (11 weeks). A purposive sample of 62 players from 3 of the total 11 senior intercounty teams participated to generate geographical representation. Injury data were recorded and classified by team physiotherapists using a time loss definition, consistent with consensus statements. A concurrent measure of exposure to matches and training was recorded.ResultsTwenty-one incidents of injury were recorded with 14 players injured. Injury incidence rate was 26.4 (95% CI 13.44 to 47.16) per 1000 match hours and 4.2 (95% CI 2.12 to 7.46) per 1000 training hours. There were 11 contact and 10 non-contact injuries. The lower limb accounted for 71.4% (n=15), the upper limb 9.5% (n=2) and the trunk and head 19.1% (n=4) of injuries. The main tissues injured were both muscle and ligament, representing 57.2% (n=6 each). The mean duration time loss from sport per injury was 12.14 days.ConclusionThese results provide data on the incidence, nature and severity of camogie injuries using definitions that reflect international consensus statements. Further study of injury incidence over a full season or multiple seasons is recommended.
Effects of preoperative and postoperative resistance exercise interventions on recovery of physical function in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for cancer: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Stephensen David , Hashem Ferhana , Corbett Kevin , Bates Amanda , George Michelle , Hobbs Ralph Peter , Hopkins Malcolm , Hutchins Irena , Lowery David Peter , Pellatt-Higgins Tracy , Stavropoulou Charitini , Swaine Ian , Tomlinson Lee , Woodward Hazel , Ali Haythem 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of preoperative and postoperative resistance exercise training on the recovery of physical function in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for cancer.Data sourcesA systematic review of English articles using Medline, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library electronic databases was undertaken.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were included if they used a randomised, quasi-randomised or controlled trial study design and compared the effects of a muscle-strengthening exercise intervention (±other therapy) with a comparative non-exercise group; involved adult participants (≥18 years) who had elected to undergo abdominal surgery for cancer; and used muscle strength, physical function, self-reported functional ability, range of motion and/or a performance-based test as an outcome measure.ResultsFollowing screening of titles and abstracts of the 588 publications retrieved from the initial search, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were accessed for review of the full-text version of the article, and 2 eligible studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. One exercise programme was undertaken preoperatively and the other postoperatively, until discharge from hospital. The exercise interventions of the included studies were performed for five and eight sessions, respectively. There were no differences between groups in either study.ConclusionThe only two studies designed to determine whether preoperative or postoperative resistance muscle-strengthening exercise programmes improved or negatively affected physical function outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery for cancer provide inconclusive results.
Individual participant data analysis of two trials on aldosterone blockade in myocardial infarction
Authors: Beygui Farzin , Van Belle Eric , Ecollan Patrick , Machecourt Jacques , Hamm Christian W , Lopez De Sa Estaeban , Flather Marcus , Verheugt Freek W A , Vicaut Eric , Zannad Faiez , Pitt Bertram , Montalescot Gilles 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundTwo recent randomised trials studied the benefit of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) irrespective or in absence of heart failure. The studies were both undersized to assess hard clinical endpoints. A pooled analysis was preplanned by the steering committees.MethodsWe conducted a prespecified meta-analysis of patient-level data of patients with STEMI recruited in two multicentre superiority trials, randomised within 72 hours after symptom onset. Patients were allocated (1:1) to two MRA regimens: (1) an intravenous bolus of potassium canrenoate (200 mg) followed by oral spironolactone (25 mg once daily) versus standard therapy or (2) oral eplerenone (25–50 mg) versus placebo. The primary and key secondary outcomes, all-cause death and the composite of all-cause death or resuscitated sudden death, respectively, were assessed in the intention-to-treat population using a Cox model stratified on the study identifier.ResultsPatients were randomly assigned to receive (n=1118) or not the MRA regimen (n=1123). After a median follow-up time of 188 days, the primary and secondary outcomes occurred in 5 (0.4%) and 17 (1.5%) patients (adjusted HR (adjHR) 0.31, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.86, p=0.03) and 6 (0.5%) and 22 (2%) patients (adjHR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65, p=0.004) in the MRA and control groups, respectively. There were also trends towards lower rates of cardiovascular death (p=0.06) and ventricular fibrillation (p=0.08) in the MRA group.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that compared with standard therapy, MRA regimens are associated with a reduction of death and death or resuscitated sudden death in STEMI.
Macleaya cordata extracts suppressed the increase of a part of antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs
Authors: Li Y. , Li H. , Chu Q. , Xu F. , Liang T. , Zhou B. 
Published: April 2018

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts (Chinese herbal medicine extracts) and antibiotics combination with chlortetracycline (CTC) on the antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism. Compared with the group without antibiotics, the relative abundances of all six tetracycline resistance genes were increased after 75 mg kg−1 CTC supplementation. Interestingly, M. cordata extracts in feed suppressed the increase of a part of tetracycline resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs.