bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harian Rakjat “Mengangkat” Suara Dari Bawah: Rubrik Asmu Menjawab Dalam Memberitakan Suara Petani Terkait Kasus Landreform 1961-1965
Authors: Rakhmanto Bambang 
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the role of Harian Rakjat to established public opinion via citizen journalists. It aimed to seek sympathy from the peasants when implemented land-reform policies as stipulated in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). The discussion was carried out by examining the articles of the resident that reviewed responded the issue of land ownership in the column of Asmu Menjawab. By using the historical method and applying discourse analysis theory, this study succeeded to find the implementation of land reform policies reaped many pros and cons among the community. The implementation of land reform in Java according to the testimonies was then used by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as political propaganda in its practical politics.
Pedagogika „na twardo” i/lub „na miękko”?
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław 
Published: September 2018

The article elaborates on the condition of partial moral anomy in the academic environment, in Poland that not only weakens the ethical causal power of scientific staff, but also results in weakening social capital and also in pathologies in the process of scientific promotion. The narration has been subject to a metaphor of eggs (equivalent of types of scientific publications or a contradiction thereof) and their hatching in various types of hens breeding (scientific or pseudo academic schools) in order to sharpen the conditions and results of academic dishonesty and dysfunction and to notice problems in reviewing scientific degrees and titles’ dissertations.
Twórczość Innego – nowa wartość w sztuce i w społeczeństwie?
Authors: Nieduziak Edyta 
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the issues of creativity of people with disabilities and their social values. The starting point is the category of Another as saturated with pejorative meanings – in a social but positive context in the study of creativity. The combination of these contradictory approaches is reflected in the art brut, represented by artists with mental incompetence. Their creativity dictated by internal compulsion is presented as the work of marginalized people. The social context, as well as the type of disability that determines the way in which this art is treated: from the rejection of, for example, the early time of Nikifor's works, to the complete recognition of, for example, F. Kahlo's painting. The basic question, however, comes down to the question of the value of this art for man. Referring to the philosophy of E. Levinas, the author seeks to show that despite the assumption of the unknowability of another human being, the greatest value of the Other art is the ability to experience, to see though a fragment of the world of artists determined by the disability.
Who Estimates When It’s Not Required? the Case of Subrogation
Authors: Ames Daniel , Graden Bryan S. , Sankara Jomo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The ability of an insurer to pursue and collect money from responsible third parties for paid claims is referred to as subrogation. For some insurers, the amount to be recovered may be significant and, if accrued for, represents an estimate that could be used by management to affect earnings. This study investigates factors associated with insurers’ choice to accrue subrogation for statutory accounting. For statutory accounting, where insurers can choose whether to accrue subrogation or exclude it as an offset to the claims liability, we find that publicly-traded (mutually-owned) insurers are significantly more (less) likely to accrue subrogation than privately-owned insurers. In addition, we find that publicly-traded (mutual) insurers with weak ratings are less (more) likely to accrue subrogation. Finally, we find that insurers with large amounts of subrogation are more likely to accrue subrogation, consistent with these types of insurers having the strongest incentive to influence earnings through the subrogation accrual. Our results provide evidence suggesting that insurers respond to their incentives when choosing whether to accrue subrogation for statutory reporting.
Optimization of Aqueous NH4+/NH3 Photodegradation by ZnO/Zeolite Y Composites Using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Shokrollahi Azin , Sharifnia Shahram 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, ZnO/Zeolite Y composites were synthesized by the solid state dispersion method and employed in order to investigate their photocatalytic performance in NH4+/NH3 removal from an aqueous solution. FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and EDX analyses were applied to characterize these composites. The three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD), as one of the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to achieve maximum removal of aqueous NH4+/NH3 under optimum conditions by ZnO/Zeolite Y composites. The effects of parameters such as ZnO loading (10–50 wt %), initial pollutant concentration (25–315 mg/L) and solution pH (3–11) as well as their interactions were determined on removal of NH4+/NH3 by the mentioned method. It was found that pH of the solution with the percentage contribution of 86.79 %, was the most important parameter among the others. A second-order polynomial equation was well fitted on the experimental data with the determination coefficient value of 0.9932 and the adjusted determination coefficient value of 0.9864. It could not describe only 0.68 % of observed changes in the response. The predicted removal percentage of NH4+/NH3 at the optimal conditions (pH = 11, NH4+/NH3 initial concentration (207.21 mg/L) and ZnO loading (45.02 wt %)) was achieved 62.26 %, which was in agreement with its experimental value (65 %) obtained in similar conditions.
The Catalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Alumina Supported Ti-Ce Catalysts for H2S Selective Oxidation to Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Mehmet Tasdemir H. , Yagizatli Yavuz , Yasyerli Sena , Yasyerli Nail 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, alumina supported Ti-Ce catalysts (10 % by weight and Ti/Ce molar ratio is 4:1) were prepared by using wet impregnation method and their catalytic activities were tested in H2S selective oxidation to elemental sulfur. The support alumina was synthesized by classical (SGC) and modified (SGM) sol-gel methods. The N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, EDS and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that both catalysts have mesoporous structure. Only γ-Al2O3 crystalline phase together with amorphous structure were observed in the XRD patterns. The pyridine adsorbed FTIR analyzes showed that 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC and 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM catalysts have the same Lewis acidity. The activity tests were carried out at 250 °C and with a stoichiometric feed ratio of O2 to H2S being 0.5 for two different reaction times as 150 and 510 min. Complete conversion of H2S was obtained during 180 min. and 330 min. of reaction time over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC and 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM, respectively. However, all catalysts showed very high sulfur selectivity. Sulfur deposition was detected over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC catalyst both 150 and 510 min. of reaction time while it was observed after 510 min. of durability test over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM catalyst. This can be the reason for the earlier loss of catalytic activity 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC than 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM.
Rethinking the Kantian Peace: Evidence from a Liberal, Moderate, and Conservative Measure of Norm Diffusion
Authors: Millard Matt 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article revisits in today’s global setting the debate among international relations scholars over the so-called Kantian or democratic peace. In particular, it argues that findings made by S. M. Mitchell in a seminal 2002 article in the American Journal of Political Science regarding the diffusion of norms via third party conflict resolution relied upon a questionable methodology and now require belated revision. An alternative measure of norm diffusion would rely upon the proportion of democratic states, particularly contiguous states, in a given region. Moreover, a more detailed look at such diffusion after 1945 suggests important differences over the viability of democratic peace, especially regarding state behavior outside the Western Hemisphere.
Discursive representation: Semiotics, theory, and method
Authors: Matus Pablo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough representation may be a recurrent theme in research on journalism and advertising, as well as in studies of other social discourses, there may be less clarity regarding its epistemological and methodological aspects. One example is the frequent use of Social Representations Theory (Moscovici), despite its research object is a cognitive phenomenon. Beginning with a literature review in which I examine several sources (for example, sign theory, the philosophy of language, and rhetoric), the following article presents a theory of discursive representation, as well as associated semiotic, epistemological, and methodological theories. My aim is to provide a conceptual framework to help guide and prompt further research in this area.
Measuring Decrement in Change-of-Direction Speed Across Repeated Sprints in Basketball: Novel vs. Traditional Approaches
Authors: Scanlan Aaron T. , Madueno Maria C. , Guy Joshua H. , Giamarelos Kate , Spiteri Tania , Dalbo Vincent J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Scanlan, AT, Madueno, MC, Guy, JH, Giamarelos, K, Spiteri, T, and Dalbo, VJ. Measuring decrement in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints in basketball: Novel vs. traditional approaches. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 841–845, 2021—Approaches to quantify decrement in change-of-direction speed during repeated sprints in basketball players have traditionally used total performance time, which is strongly influenced by linear speed. The purpose of this study was to compare performance decrement across change-of-direction sprints using total performance time and a novel approach that better isolates change-of-direction speed, termed change-of-direction deficit (CODD). Semiprofessional basketball players (N = 8; 19.9 ± 1.5 years; 183.0 ± 9.6 cm; 77.7 ± 16.9 kg) completed 12 × 20-m change-of-direction sprints (Agility 5-0-5 trials) with 20-second recoveries between each sprint. Agility 5-0-5 performance time was taken as the duration to cover 5 m immediately before and after (10 m in total) a 180° directional change. Change-of-direction deficit was calculated as the difference between mean 10- and 20-m split time determined during reference 20-m linear sprints in a separate session and Agility 5-0-5 time in each sprint. Performance decrement was calculated for each approach as: ([total time/ideal time] × 100) − 100. Comparisons between approaches were made using a paired-sample t-test, effect size analyses, and magnitude-based inferences. A significantly greater (P < 0.001; effect size = 2.16, very large; almost certainly higher) performance decrement was apparent using CODD (5.99 ± 1.88%) than Agility 5-0-5 performance time (2.84 ± 0.84%). The present findings indicate that change-of-direction speed measured with CODD shows promise in providing different insight and deteriorates more than total performance time during repeated sprints in basketball players. Change-of-direction deficit has potential to better isolate decrements in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints compared with total performance time.
Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Lactate Responses for Continuous Forward Running and Stop-and-Go Running With and Without Directional Changes
Authors: Bekraoui Nabyl , Boussaidi Lamia , Cazorla Georges , Léger Luc 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Bekraoui, N, Boussaidi, L, Cazorla, G, and Léger, L. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactate responses for continuous forward running and stop-and-go running with and without directional changes. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 699–707, 2020—The purpose of this study is to measure and quantify the differences for the gross oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate ([LA]) responses to various modes of in-line running. Twelve healthy participants did an indirect continuous multistage field test to determine the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) before randomly performing in separate sessions 1 of the 3 running protocols at 3 intensities (60, 70, and 80% MAS) (a) in-line continuous running (IR), (b) fractioned running (FR) with stop and go every 20 m, and (c) 20-m shuttle run (SR). V̇o
2 varied between 34.2 ± 2.5 and 54.6 ± 5.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, HR between 141 ± 14 and 184 ± 9 b·min−1, and [LA] between 4.2 ± 0.8 and 6.6 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1. In-line continuous running V̇o
2 was lower than those of SR and FR at all intensities (p < 0.05). However, SR V̇o
2 were higher than those of FR at 80% MAS only. Heart rate was similar in SR and FR but lower in IR at all intensities (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in [LA]. Because only V̇o
2 was affected by the introduction of a 180° angle directional change (SR vs. FR) at 80% MAS, the use of HR to assess such activities at such intensities will result in underestimating workloads. This study offers new insights into V̇o
2, HR, and [LA] associated with accelerations while running with and without directional changes at submaximal speeds.
Normative Data and Physical Determinants of Multiple Sprint Sets in Young Soccer Players Aged 11–18 Years: Effect of Maturity Status
Authors: Selmi Mohamed Amin , Sassi Radhouane Haj , Yahmed Mohamed Haj , Giannini Silvana , Perroni Fabrizio , Elloumi Mohamed 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Selmi, MA, Sassi, RH, Yahmed, MH, Giannini, S, Perroni, F, and Elloumi, M. Normative data and physical determinants of multiple sprint sets in young soccer players aged 11–18 years: Effect of maturity status. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 506–515, 2020—The aims of the study were: (a) to establish normative data for repeated-sprint sets (RSS) test based on the maturity status (age at peak height velocity [PHV]) and (2) to investigate the relationship between anthropometrical variables (stature, sitting height, body mass, and body fat percentage), RSS (2 × 5 × 20 m with 15-second recovery between sprints and 1-minute recovery between sets), and fitness tests {squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, standing triple jump, 5-jump test, and 20-m shuttle run (multistage shuttle run test [MSRT])}. Young male soccer players (n = 262; age: 14.5 ± 2.9 years) were evaluated and classified into 4 groups according to their maturity status: pre-PHV, circum-PHV1, circum-PHV2, post-PHV. An analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc were used to determine maturity group differences (p ≤ 0.05), whereas Pearson's correlation was used between variables. Repeated-sprint sets' indices (sum of sprint times [SST] and best sprint time [BST]) were significantly different between the maturity groups. Significant correlations between SST with body mass (from −0.73 to −0.33) and MSRT (from −0.49 to −0.30) among each maturity group were found. With the different maturity groups, correlations between SST (s), BST (s), and vertical jump (cm) (r = −0.63 to −0.25 and r = −0.68 to −0.23) and horizontal jump (m) (r = −0.70 to −0.38 and r = −0.63 to −0.43) were observed. Repeated-sprint sets' values improve during maturation of young soccer players and the correlations between RSS and fitness tests vary through the maturity groups. This information could be useful for the coach to identify talent and to prescribe specific physical training to improve performance.
Range of Motion Adaptations in Powerlifters
Authors: Gadomski Stephen J. , Ratamess Nicholas A. , Cutrufello Paul T. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Gadomski, SJ, Ratamess, NA, and Cutrufello, PT. Range of motion adaptations in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3020–3028, 2018—The aim of this study was to investigate range of motion (ROM) and training patterns in powerlifters. Upper- and lower-extremity passive ROMs were assessed through goniometry in 15 male powerlifters (35.3 ± 13.7 years) and 15 age-matched controls (34.9 ± 14.6 years). The Apley scratch test and modified Thomas test were used to assess ROM across multiple joints. Training frequency, stretching frequency, and exercise selection were recorded using questionnaires. Passive glenohumeral (GH) extension, internal rotation, and external rotation ROM were significantly decreased in powerlifters (p < 0.050). Powerlifters displayed decreased ROM in the Apley scratch test in both dominant (p = 0.015) and nondominant (p = 0.025) arms. However, knee extension angle was markedly improved in powerlifters (20.3 ± 7.3°) compared with controls (29.9 ± 6.2°; p < 0.001). Bench press and bench press variations accounted for 74.8% of all upper-body exercises, whereas back squat and deadlift accounted for 79.7% of all lower-body exercises in powerlifters' training programs. To determine whether existing ROM adaptations were seen in elite powerlifters, the powerlifting cohort was split into 3 groups based on Wilks score: <400 (low), 400–500 (intermediate), and >500 (high). GH ROM limitations were more pronounced in elite powerlifters (Wilks >500), who had more powerlifting experience (p = 0.048) and greater lean body mass (p = 0.040). Overall, powerlifters displayed decreased GH ROM, but increased hamstring ROM, after training programs that were heavily focused on the bench press, back squat, and deadlift.
Familiarization With Airflow-Restriction Mask During Resistance Exercise: Effect on Tolerance and Total Volume
Authors: Teodoro Cássia L. , Gáspari Arthur F. , Berton Ricardo , Barbieri João F. , Silva Manoel , A.A. Castaño Luz , Guimarães Patrícia , Moraes Antonio C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Teodoro, CL, Gáspari, AF, Berton, R, Barbieri, JF, Silva, M, Castaño, LAA, Guimarães, P, and Moraes, AC. Familiarization with airflow-restriction mask during resistance exercise: Effect on tolerance and total volume. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1762–1765, 2019—This study investigated whether familiarization with the airflow-restriction mask (AIRfr) increases tolerance and avoids negative effects on performance of resistance exercise (RE). Ten resistance-trained male subjects performed a familiarization session (FAM), followed by 2 testing sessions, with the AIRfr and without airflow restriction (SHAM) in a counterbalanced and randomized cross-over design. The FAM was performed with the same number of sets, load, and level of airflow-restriction as the AIRfr experimental session. Each session consisted of 4 sets of the leg press exercise with 70% 1 repetition maximum until voluntary failure and a 90-second rest interval between sets. During the FAM, 4 of the 10 subjects expressed some intolerance to the use of airflow restriction. Total volume was lower in the FAM than in the AIRfr (p = 0.01) and the SHAM (p = 0.02), whereas no differences were observed between the AIRfr and the SHAM (p = 0.90). The first use of the AIRfr may not be well tolerated by all subjects. However, a familiarization session with the AIRfr avoids negative interferences in the total volume during RE.
Monitoring Wellness, Training Load, and Running Performance During a Major International Female Field Hockey Tournament
Authors: McGuinness Aideen , McMahon Gerard , Malone Shane , Kenna Darren , Passmore David , Collins Kieran 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
McGuinness, McMahon, G, A, Malone, S, Kenna, D, Passmore, D, and Collins, K. Monitoring wellness, training load, and running performance during a major international female field hockey tournament. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2312–2320, 2020—The current observational study quantified players' activity profiles during a major international female field hockey tournament and determined whether an association exists between well-being measures and running performance within elite female hockey players. Elite female field hockey players (23 ± 3 years; 162.6 ± 13 cm; and 66 ± 6 kg) participated in the study. Participants running performance was monitored using global positioning system technology (S5; Catapult Innovations, Scoresby, Victoria, Australia), with daily well-being questionnaires used to quantify player responses during the tournament. Thresholds for the magnitude of the observed change for each variable were determined using the Hopkins Spreadsheets for analysis of controlled trials. Relative distance (m·min−1) was likely lower when compared with game 1 in game 7. Relative high speed (m·min−1 >16 km·h−1) was likely lower in games 5, 6, and 7 when compared with game 1. Subjective load was very likely higher in game 2 and very likely lower in game 3 when compared with game 1. Mood and sleep quality were likely lower in game 1 when compared with game 4 and game 7. Muscle soreness was likely higher when compared with game 1 in game 7. During the tournament, it was observed that a decrease in players' daily well-being was accompanied by changes in running performance. Furthermore, changes to players' muscle soreness and sleep quality result in decreased players' high-speed running performance during match-play. Therefore, to prevent the observed effects, coaches should adopt strategies to enhance sleep quality and incorporate specific recovery modalities to reduce musculoskeletal soreness.
Functional Basis of Asymmetrical Lower-Body Skeletal Morphology in Professional Australian Rules Footballers
Authors: Hart Nicolas H. , Newton Robert U. , Weber Jason , Spiteri Tania , Rantalainen Timo , Dobbin Michael , Chivers Paola , Nimphius Sophia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hart, NH, Newton, RU, Weber, J, Spiteri, T, Rantalainen, T, Dobbin, M, Chivers, P, and Nimphius, S. Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 791–799, 2020—Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support leg was significantly stronger than the kicking leg (bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = −0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize bone cross-sectional area.