bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Phosphate Removal by Hydrated Lanthanum Oxide-Modified Quaternized Polyaniline Nanocomposite: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Ji Enhui , Fang Minglong , Wu Haixia 
Published: November 2024

Phosphorus mainly exists in the form of phosphate in water. Excessive phosphorus can cause eutrophication, leading to algae reproduction and the depletion of oxygen in water, destroying aquatic ecology. This study prepared quaternized polyaniline (PN) and quaternized polyaniline with lanthanum hydrate (HLO-PN), and a new nanocomposite for removing phosphate from wastewater was proposed. The results of adsorption experiments show that HLO-PN can effectively remove phosphate in the range of pH 3~7; the maximum adsorption capacity is 92.57 mg/g, and it has excellent anti-interference ability against some common coexisting anions (F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−) other than CO32−. After five adsorption–desorption cycles, the phosphate adsorption capacity (60 mg/g) was still 74.28% of the initial adsorption capacity (80.85 mg/g), indicating that the HLO-PN nanocomposites had good reusability and recovery of phosphorus. The characterization results show that phosphate adsorption is realized by electrostatic adsorption and ligand exchange.
Correlations between ANB, Wits and soft-tissue facial profile in a Brazilian population sample
Authors: Santiago Rodrigo César , Campos Marcio José da Silva , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo , Campos Jocimara Domiciano Fartes de Almeida , Faria Fernanda Ramos de , Nojima Lincoln Issamu , Sant’Anna Eduardo Franzotti 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The ANB angle and the Wits appraisal are common cephalometric tools for assessing anteroposterior jaw discrepancies. Assessment of a patient’s anatomy in the anteroposterior disharmony of the maxillary and mandibular should not be limited to hard-tissue relationships, but should also consider soft tissue involvement, such as the soft tissue facial profile angle. Objective: To evaluate the correlations between sagittal skeletal relationships established through ANB angle and Wits appraisal and to evaluate the soft-tissue facial profile angle, assessed by the G-Sn-Pog’ angle. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 300 individuals (129 male and 171 female). The ANB angle, the Wits appraisal, and by the G-Sn-Pog’ angle were obtained through lateral cephalograms. The facial profile was categorized into three groups. The correlation coefficients between ANB angle and Wits appraisal and between the soft-tissue facial profile angle and skeletal pattern were evaluated. Results: A significant correlation (p <.001) was observed between ANB angle and Wits appraisal (r= .738), between G-Sn-Pog’ and ANB angle (r= -.708), and between G-Sn-Pog’ and Wits appraisal (r= -.586). When assessed separately according to different groups of soft-tissue facial profiles, there was a weak correlation between ANB and Wits assessment in the low soft-tissue facial profile angle subjects (Group II), and a moderate correlation in the high soft-tissue facial profile angle subjects (Group III). Conclusion: The correlation between ANB angle and Wits was moderate to high, except in Group II soft-tissue facial profile subjects.
Enhancing Social Skills in Islamic Religious Education at the Junior High School Level: A Differential Instruction Approach
Authors: Alhamuddin Alhamuddin , Muhamad Arif Nugraha  
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to see how the cultivation and improvement of students' social skills through a differentiated instruction approach. The research approach uses quantitative with quasi-experimental method. Data collection is done by reviewing documents, interviews with related parties, especially teachers and students related to social skills and differentiated instruction approaches. Observation was used to see the development of social skills and learning. Questionnaires are used to see how the development of students' social skills after learning with a differentiated approach, these resulted are combined with observation results. The resulted showed that differentiated instruction is conducted by conducting a needs analysis of students' learning styles in the classroom. Then, the teacher analyses the results and determines the strategy that suits the students' learning styles to be used in delivering the material. The presentation is used with a variety of methods and techniques that facilitate students' learning styles. So, the results showed that this approach has a significant effect on improving students' social skills. Suggestions for future researchers, conduct further research with a larger population and different types of learning styles
Polarized polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells using polyfluorene and polycaprolactone blend film by floating-film transfer method
Authors: Nagao Towa , Yasukawa Masaki , Pandey Shyam S. , Misaki Masahiro , Nagamatsu Shuichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sandwich-type structured polarized Polymer Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells (PLECs) of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) successfully fabricated by a combination of floating-film transfer method (FTM) and Post-blending ionic liquid (IL) procedure. An ion-solvating polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), was blended in PFO to improve IL penetration. The PFO:PCL film showed clear optical dichroism due to the PFO backbone orientation. The IL, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIm-TFSI), easily post-blended into the PFO:PCL blend FTM film without disordering PFO backbone orientation. The fabricated thickness-varied PLECs with ITO anode and aluminum cathode demonstrated distinct anisotropy, whole device area emission, and low turn-on voltage compared to PLEDs.
Memes in Marketing: Impact on Advertising Literacy and Emotional Experience Among Adolescents
Authors: Cabyova Ludmila , Darazs Tamas , Hudakova Viktoria 
Published: November 2024

Declining digital marketing metrics often point to a trend of lower interest in advertising and sponsored content. Therefore, creators are finding other ways to spread the advertising message, particularly through native advertising, one option being the use of memes. Memes are an effective and very popular tool for reaching adolescents, but their use requires caution and an understanding of their dynamic and often unpredictable nature. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of memes on social networking sites that have advertising content on adolescents' levels of advertising literacy. The study was conducted through a qualitative neuromarketing study and follow-up personal interviews with a sample of 24 respondents. The results indicate lower levels of advertising literacy among adolescents who, while recognizing the sales intent of the meme image, were unable to identify the sponsor. The results also confirmed that memes can evoke different emotions in adolescents, such as joy, but also anger and frustration. The research findings raise the concern that adolescents are not sufficiently able to navigate safely in the online environment, which is exploited by many companies in their sales techniques. Such adolescents can easily be deceived, misled. This has triggered the need for more intensive media literacy education on the one hand, and the introduction of consistent ethical principles on the other, i.e. on the advertisers' side.

Received: 11 March 2024 / Accepted: 20 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
Research Training: Research Attitudes and Skills in Public Management Students from a Peruvian University
Authors: Rojas-Cangahuala Gloria Cleopatra , Velásquez-Tapullima Pedro Alfonso , Lopez-Orozco Gina Fernanda , Díaz-Vásquez Nataly , Chura-Alegre Mario Edgart , Muñoz-Ccuro Felipa Elvira 
Published: November 2024

Research has consolidated itself as a key element in the advancement of science and academic development, while simultaneously emerging as a transcendental activity that enables, among other achievements, the attainment of professional degrees and titles. This study examines the relationship between research skills and attitude towards research. The design was non-experimental, applied to a probabilistic sample of 240 students. Two questionnaires were utilized to assess attitudes and research skills. A highly significant positive correlation was found through the statistical procedure Rho Spearman = 0.594 and p-value 0.001. These results corroborated previous studies that outline significantly associated factors, confirming that the importance of research skills is necessary and part of an appropriate attitude towards research that facilitates the development of skills applicable in academic, personal, and professional spheres. Research activity is essential for the growth of critical and highly capable individuals, capable of significantly enhancing their performance in various activities.

Received: 14 June 2024 / Accepted: 28 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
What the visual system can learn from the non-dominant hand: The effect of graphomotor engagement on visual discrimination
Authors: Ben-Ami Shlomit , Buaron Batel , Yaron Ori , Keane Kyle , Sun Virginia H. , Phillips Flip , Friedman Jason , Sinha Pawan , Mukamel Roy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that engaging in graphomotor activity for creating graphemes can enhance their subsequent visual discrimination. This suggests a positive influence of the motor system on visual learning. However, existing studies have emphasized the dominant hand, which is superiorly dexterous in fine-motor movements. This near-exclusive focus prompts the inquiry of whether the observed perceptual facilitation is a general characteristic of the motor system, or specific to pathways controlling the skilled over-trained dominant hand. Furthermore, the mechanistic underpinning of visual facilitation from graphomotor training (i.e., the individual contribution of motor activity, temporal evolution of the visual trace, variability of visual output) remain unclear. To address these questions, we assessed visual discrimination capabilities of healthy right-handed participants (N = 60) before and after graphomotor or visual training. Contrary to our initial expectation, graphomotor engagement with the non-dominant hand did not yield additional benefits to visual learning beyond those attainable through visual training alone. Moreover, graphomotor training with the non-dominant hand resulted in visual discrimination improvements comparable to those of dominant hand training, despite the inherent differences between hands in motor performance and in the amount of improvement in shape tracing throughout training. We conclude that the motor components of graphomotor activity may not be critical for visual learning of shapes through tracing activity. Instead, our results are in agreement with the symbolic theoretical account, suggesting that basic shape features required for discrimination can be acquired through visual inspection alone, providing a perspective on the improvements observed in prior studies.
Scalable, Advanced Machine Learning Based Approaches for Stellar Flare Identification: Application to TESS Short-cadence Data and Analysis of a New Flare Catalog
Authors: Lin Chia-Lung , Apai Dániel , Giampapa Mark S. , Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We apply multialgorithm machine learning models to TESS 2 minute survey data from Sectors 1–72 to identify stellar flares. Models trained with deep neural network, random forest, and XGBoost algorithms utilize four flare light-curve characteristics as input features. Model performance is evaluated using the accuracy, precision, recall, and F
1 score metrics, all exceeding 94%. Validation against previously reported TESS M dwarf flare identifications shows that our models successfully recover over 92% of the flares while detecting ∼2000 more small events, thus extending the detection sensitivity of previous work. After processing 1.3 million light curves, our models identify nearly 18,000 flare stars and 250,000 flares. We present an extensive catalog documenting both flare and stellar properties. We find strong correlations of total flare energy and flare amplitude with color, in agreement with previous studies. Flare frequency distributions are analyzed, refining power-law slopes for flare behavior with frequency uncertainties due to the detection incompleteness of low-amplitude events. We determine rotation periods for ∼120,000 stars thus yielding the relationship between rotation period and flare activity. We find that the transition in rotation period between the saturated and unsaturated regimes in flare energy coincides with the same transition in rotation period separating the saturated and unsaturated levels in coronal X-ray emission. We find that X-ray emission increases more rapidly with flare luminosity in earlier-type and unsaturated stars, indicating more efficient coronal heating in these objects. Additionally, we detect flares in white dwarfs and hot subdwarfs, which likely arise from unresolved low-mass companions.
Quiescent Solar Wind Regions in the Near-Sun Environment: Properties and Radial Evolution
Authors: Short Benjamin , Malaspina David M. , Chasapis Alexandros , Verniero Jaye L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Regions of magnetic fields with near-radial, Parker-spiral-like geometry known as quiescent regions have been observed in Parker Solar Probe data. These regions have very low δ
B/〈∣B∣〉 compared to nonquiescent solar wind at the same heliocentric distances. Quiescent regions are observed to have lower solar wind bulk speeds, lower proton temperatures, and lower proton density. Inside of 15 solar radii (
R

⊙
), identified quiescent regions show distinct thermal properties, having higher proton temperature anisotropies and lower parallel plasma betas compared to switchback patches observed at the same heliocentric distances. When placed on

R

-versus-β
∥p
plots (where

R

is the proton temperature anisotropy), quiescent region solar wind is shown to be more stable to proton cyclotron and firehose instabilities than nonquiescent solar wind at the same heliocentric distances. It is shown that quiescent regions evolve similarly to the surrounding nonquiescent solar wind, but quiescent solar wind begins at a different location in the

R

-versus-β
∥p
parameter space, suggesting that these regions have separate origins from the more turbulent nonquiescent solar wind. Namely, enhanced temperature anisotropies and enhanced magnetic field strength may be consistent with magnetic field lines that have undergone less magnetic field expansion compared to nonquiescent wind at the same heliocentric distances.
Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Polarization Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421
Authors: Bharathan Athira M. , Stalin C. S. , Sahayanathan S. , Wani Kiran , Mandal Amit Kumar , Chatterjee Rwitika , Joshi Santosh , Pandey Jeewan C. , Mathew Blesson , Agrawal Vivek K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present near-simultaneous X-ray and optical polarization measurements in the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 421. The X-ray polarimetric observations were carried out using Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2023 December 6. During IXPE observations, we also carried out optical polarimetric observations using 104 cm Sampurnanand telescope at Nainital and multiband optical imaging observations using 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle. From model-independent analysis of IXPE data, we detected X-ray polarization with degree of polarization (ΠX) of 8.5% ± 0.5% and an electric vector position angle (ΨX) of 10.°6 ± 1.°7 in the 2−8 keV band. From optical polarimetry on 2023 December 6, in B, V, and R bands, we found values of Π
B
= 4.27% ± 0.32%, Π
V
= 3.57% ± 0.31%, and Π
R
= 3.13% ± 0.25%. The value of Π
B
is greater than that observed at longer optical wavelengths, with the degree of polarization suggesting an energy-dependent trend, gradually decreasing from higher to lower energies. This is consistent with that seen in other HSP blazars and favors a stratified emission region encompassing a shock front. The emission happening in the vicinity of the shock front will be more polarized due to the ordered magnetic field resulting from shock compression. The X-ray emission, involving high-energy electrons, originates closer to the shock front than the optical emission. The difference in the spatial extension could plausibly account for the observed variation in polarization between X-ray and optical wavelengths. This hypothesis is further supported by the broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the X-ray and optical data.
The Challenge of Predicting the Solar Wind Speed near Sunspot Minimum
Authors: Wang Y.-M. , Samara E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By applying potential-field source-surface and potential-field current-sheet extrapolations to photospheric field maps from three different observatories, we predict the solar wind speed at Earth for several Carrington rotations during 2018–2021 and compare the results with in situ observations. The predicted speeds are taken to be inversely correlated with the rate of flux-tube expansion inside the source surface, located at a heliocentric distance of 2.5 R
⊙. The results often differ markedly from one observatory to another and are very sensitive to the latitudinal position of the ecliptic relative to the narrow belt of slow wind that surrounds the source-surface neutral line. Our main conclusions are that (1) the magnetograph measurements themselves are a major source of uncertainty in solar wind predictions; (2) these uncertainties are especially large near solar minimum, when Earth is located near the rapid transition between slow and fast wind that occurs on either side of the heliospheric current sheet; (3) comparison of the derived open field regions with observed coronal holes provides a strong, underutilized constraint on wind speed predictions; and (4) the observed polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field provides another important constraint on the location of the source region.
Bilateral First Rib Fractures in Blunt Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hefny Ashraf Fathi , Mansour Nirmin A , Fathi Mai A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Unilateral fracture of the first rib frequently led to severe complications such as brachial plexus or major vascular injury. Bilateral first rib fracture (BFRF) is very rare. We aimed to study the incidence, mechanism of injury, management, and outcome of BFRF in blunt trauma patients in a community-based hospital.

Methods:
Data of all blunt trauma patients who were admitted to our institution with (BFRF from December 2014 through January 2017) were retrospectively collected. Data included demography, mechanism of injury, severity of the injury, associated injuries, management, and outcome.

Results:
During the study period, 4779 patients with blunt trauma were included in the trauma registry and 12 (0.25%) patients had BFRF. The mean age of standard deviation (SD) was 29 (8.3) years. Seven (58.3%) patients were involved in road traffic collisions and 5 (41.7%) patients fell from more than 3 m height. The most commonly associated thoracic injury was lung contusions in 8 (66.7%) patients. The median (range) Glasgow Coma Score on admission was 15 (14–15) and Injury Severity Score (SD) was 19 (10.5). Length of hospital stay mean (SD) was 6.8 (6.4) days. No patients died in the study.

Conclusions:
BFRF is a rare entity in blunt trauma patients caused by high-energy trauma. Major vascular or brachial plexus injuries in patients with BFRF are much less than those reported in the medical literature on unilateral first rib fractures. Associated injuries are the main cause of trauma-related morbidity rather than the direct effect of BFRF.
Long-term clinical outcomes of remote monitoring for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in Singapore
Authors: Tan Vern Hsen , Fong Khi Yung , Teo Lisa Jie Ting , Lo Deborah Wai Yi , Ku Fiona Wan Qi , Chan Yiong Huak , Wang Yue , Yeo Colin , Ching Chi Keong , Lim Toon Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Remote monitoring (RM) for cardiac implantable electronic devices is on the rise and has been shown to reduce the burden of in-clinic follow-up visits. We aimed to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of RM versus no RM.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single-centre cohort study of consecutive patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronisation therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) followed up from 2018 to 2023. Patients who received non-ICD devices were excluded. In general, RM was offered to all patients, but uptake depended on patient preference. For data analysis, patients were stratified according to whether RM was used. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were hospitalisation for heart failure and device therapy (shocks and electrical storm).

Results:
Of 551 patients, 284 (51.5%) received RM and 267 (49.5%) did not. Baseline demographics were similar between the two arms. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in RM versus non-RM patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.60, P <0.001), as was hospitalisation for heart failure (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.25–0.59, P <0.001); these remained significant after adjustment for baseline covariates. More patients on RM received appropriate antitachycardia pacing (ATP) (17.6% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.035) and appropriate shocks (24.1% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.017). The incidences of inappropriate ATP, inappropriate shocks and electrical storm were similar. More patients on RM underwent pulse generator change (34.1% vs. 10.1%, P <0.001).

Conclusion:
Remote monitoring was associated with significantly lower mortality in both ICDs and CRT-Ds and in primary and secondary indications, as well as fewer heart failure hospitalisations. This supports current guidelines recommending the use of RM in all patients with ICD or CRT-D.
Overexpression of proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6 protein and its clinicopathological significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Zhong-Qing , Tang Yu-Lu , Qin Kai , Li Qi , Chen Gang , Huang Yu-Bin , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Currently, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) poses a continuing, significant health challenge, but the relationship has yet to be established between ICC and the proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6 (PSMD6).
AIM
To investigate the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of PSMD6 in ICC.
METHODS
The potential impact of the PSMD6 gene on the growth of ICC cell lines was analyzed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat knockout screening technology. Forty-two paired specimens of ICC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected. PSMD6 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to validate PSMD6 expression level, and its association with ICC patients’ various clinicopathological characteristics was investigated.
RESULTS
The PSMD6 gene was found to be essential for the growth of ICC cell lines. PSMD6 protein was significantly overexpressed in ICC tissues (P < 0.001), but showed no significant association with patient age, gender, pathological grade, or tumor-node-metastasis stage (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
PSMD6 can promote the growth of ICC cells, thus playing a pro-oncogenic role.