bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the restrictive markings of mandarin Jiù, Cái, and
Zhǐ
Authors: Xiang Xuehua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study analyzes Mandarin 就 (jiù),
才(cái), and 只(zhǐ), all of which
communicate messages of restrictiveness and may be translated as ‘just,’ ‘only,’ ‘no more,’ ‘no other,’ and other
such expressions of small quantity and restriction. The study shows that the three particles distinguish distinct
restricted situations vis-à-vis the backdrop of a “spatio-temporal-existential cline” (Tobin, 1995). Jiù’s restrictive meaning centers on the situation
itself, marking it as all there is. Cái evokes a temporal cline on which more entities
may accrue following the situation’s temporal progression. Zhǐ is similar to the English notion
of “only,” affirming one entity while excluding other entities in the same situation. The paper concludes with a
discussion of comparable restrictive markings in English and Mandarin.
Evolutionary phonology as human behavior
Authors: Blevins Juliette 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this chapter I compare Columbia School Phonology as first sketched in Diver (1974, 1979) to Evolutionary Phonology
(Blevins, 2004a, 2005a, 2006a, 2008, 2009a, 2015, 2017), highlighting similarities and differences between the two
approaches. Where Columbia School Phonology grazes the surface of phonological typology, Evolutionary Phonology
grounds itself in extensive cross-linguistic surveys of common and rare sound patterns. Where Columbia School
Phonology suggests relatively simplistic intuitive phonetic explanations for sound patterns, Evolutionary
Phonology refers to detailed empirical work in distinct sub-fields of phonetics, including articulatory phonetics,
aerodynamic modeling, and perceptual studies of speech. And where Columbia School Phonology proposes usage-based
explanations for skewed distributions of sounds, Evolutionary Phonology suggests ways in which these are
inadequate, and proposes analyses where non-phonetic factors interact in complex ways with overriding phonetic
factors.
Ossetic color terms system
Authors: Vydrin Arseniy 
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, I determine Iron Ossetic1's basic color terms and the
place of the Iron Ossetic2
system in the evolutionary sequence of the development of basic
color terms. I examine the semantics and use of basic and non-basic
color terms, morphological and lexical color modifiers, the main
patterns used to describe color in modern Ossetic as well as
connotations of color terms. I conclude by comparing the
peculiarities of the Ossetic color system with the systems of some
other Iranian languages.
This study is based on the methodology proposed by A.
Majid, F. Jordan, and M. Dunn
(2011). The Ossetic material is taken from the field data
collected in North Ossetia, Russia, and data from the Ossetic
corpora3.
Intonation in southern Vietnamese interrogative sentences
Authors: Hà Phạm Thị Thu , Brunelle Marc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study looks at the acoustic cues that characterize the intonation of questions in southern Vietnamese. We find a raised f0 height and a rising contour in a third of interrogatives, but – with the exception of alternative (and some open) questions – we argue that these properties cannot distinguish interrogatives from other sentence types. The only cue systematically associated with questions is that they tend to have a faster speech rate. Our findings replicate recent studies conducted on northern Vietnamese showing that there are idiosyncratic differences in the realization of intonation and that intonation may not be as grammaticalized as in Western languages. Vietnamese interrogatives are marked with particles or inferred from context and their intonation plays an ancillary role.
Vietnamese dialects
Authors: Pham Andrea Hoa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Among Vietnamese dialects, the southern dialect of Quảng Nam is notable for its rimal peculiarities. These properties have not generally been reported for any other Vietnamese dialects. However, some features – in particular, the vowel [ɑ] and correspondence between [aw] and [o] – have recently been observed in small dialects of the north-central Hà Tĩnh region. The Thanh Hoá dialect, spoken in a province which lies between the northern and north-central regions of Vietnam, bears certain close similarities to Quảng Nam dialect, yet does not share the features in the same way as they are shared between Quảng Nam and the Hà Tĩnh subdialects. The paper argues for the a between these three non-standard varieties, Quảng Nam, Hà Tĩnh and Thanh Hoá dialects, each belonging to a different major dialectal group (and each geographically separated from one another). Through an examination of the similarities and differences between these dialects, focusing on the Hà Tĩnh subdialect, it is argued that historical migration is the cause of sound change in the Quảng Nam dialect. The paper claims that Quảng Nam dialect was based on the speech of migrants from Thanh Hoá province, and has subsequently integrated certain features from the speech of Hà Tĩnh migrants.
Scalar implicatures and the semantics of wh-indefinites in Vietnamese
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Yu Edwin , Quang Kim Ngọc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this chapter we attempt to account for the meaning of wh-indefinites in Vietnamese through a formal system of scalar implicatures and exhaustification (Chierchia, Fox & Spector 2012; Chierchia 2013). While Vietnamese wh-indefinites occur in a variety of licensing contexts, we conclude that the crucial condition is speaker ignorance, which can be derived compositionally from the interaction between a wh-indefinite, an exhaustification operator, and a speaker-oriented epistemic modal. We further discuss the interpretations of morphologically complex wh-indefinites and bare wh-indefinites in negative sentences and non-epistemic modal environments, and demonstrate how to derive their semantics uniformly. Our proposal presents an alternative to the syntactic analysis by Tran & Bruening (2013), which is critically reviewed.
Vietnamese children’s interpretation of definite noun phrases
Authors: Lê Ni-La , Forsythe Hannah , Schmitt Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Most work on the acquisition of definiteness examines languages with definite determiners and grammaticalised number, and finds slower acquisition of definiteness compared to number. We replicate an act-out task from Munn et al. (2006) testing comprehension of definites in Vietnamese – a language with neither of these characteristics. In contrast to the results from English and Spanish children, Vietnamese children are found to make few definiteness errors, instead struggling with number, casting doubt on a universal difficulty with definiteness. We argue that this difference stems from the way in which children integrate information from number and definiteness. Given a high level of task difficulty, children acquiring languages with definite determiners and grammatical number, such as English and Spanish, sacrifice definiteness in favour of number, while those acquiring Vietnamese prioritise definiteness, resulting in number errors.
Interpretation of numerals under memory load by Vietnamese speakers
Authors: Haida Andreas , Trinh Tue , Luong Chi Mai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Numerals show an ambiguity between a weak, ‘at least’ meaning and a strong, ‘exactly’ meaning. The Gricean approach takes the weak meaning to be basic and derives the strong meaning as implicature, thus assimilates numerals to other scalar items. The Fregean approach, in contrast, takes the strong meaning of numerals to be basic and derives the weak meaning via type shifting operations. This paper gives a brief summary of these two approaches, followed by a report on a dual-task experiment which is designed to test how Vietnamese speakers interpret numerals under different memory loads. The goal of this experiment is to replicate the results of Marty et al. (2013) which can be interpreted as supporting the Fregean approach. It turns out that this goal could not be achieved, and we give some speculations as to why it was not.
Masculinities and environment.
Authors: Paulson S. , Boose W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This review article supports researchers and practitioners to strengthen attention to variously positioned men and masculine identities in order to increase the rigour of empirical research and to enhance outcomes of work addressing environmental issues. Masculinities interact with other factors to shape patterns of environmental management and to influence responses to environmental challenges; at the same time, human-environment dynamics produce differing expressions and experiences of masculinity. Yet, environmental initiatives implemented in many contexts and scales have been hindered by lack of attention to gendered conditions, identities and expectations associated with diversely positioned men. Theoretically, studies gathered here strive to overcome these limitations by applying concepts of plural masculinities, intersectionality and hegemonic masculinity. Methodologically, this body of work challenges universalizing stereotypes about men by situating empirical studies in specific sociocultural, ethnoracial, ecological and geographical contexts around the world. The 160 publications reviewed here illuminate three realms: productive enterprises including logging, mining, petroleum exploitation, ranching and agroindustry; lifeways and attitudes involving care for health, families and nature; and environmental crises, from disasters to refugees and climate change. Evidence in each realm suggests that some masculine-identified behaviours, attitudes and resources are intertwined with environmentally destructive processes, while others support, or can support, moves toward dynamics that are healthier for humans and non-human nature. After considering skills, tools and frameworks for further research and practice, die review ends with a look at challenges of developing more systemic approaches to gender and environment.
Plasma expansion accompanying superthermal electrons in over-picosecond relativistic laser-foil interactions
Authors: Iwata Natsumi , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Sano Takayoshi , Mima Kunioki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the plasma expansion dynamics in over-picosecond relativistic laser-foil interactions using one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A new expansion mode ‘isofield expansion’ appears after the well-known isothermal expansion due to the continuous energy input from the laser light to the plasma. The blowout of the heated plasma at the front surface triggers the transition from the isothermal mode to the new mode. In the new expansion mode, electrons and ions expand quasi-neutrally with a constant sheath electric field, and a large scale low density plasma is formed where superthermal electrons are produced efficiently. A two-dimensional PIC simulation confirms the appearance of the isofield expansion mode after the plasma blowout for a large focal spot laser.
Measurement of the Drell –Yan Angular Coefficients with the CMS Experiment at LHC
Authors: Gorbunov Ilya , Shalaev Vladislav , Smatov Sergey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Results of the angular coefficients measurement with the Drell-Yan muon pairs at 8 TeV are presented. A
0 through A
4 coefficients were measured in bins of muon pair transverse momentum and rapidity using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) data collected during the first Large Hadron Collider (LHC) run (Run 1) in 2011 and 2012 corresponding to 19.7 fb
−1. No deviations from the Standard Model (SM) predictions observed within uncertainties in the leading and next-to-leading orders.
Understanding spatial variability of methane fluxes in Arctic wetlands through footprint modelling
Authors: Reuss-Schmidt Kassandra , Levy Peter , Oechel Walter , Tweedie Craig , Wilson Cathy , Zona Donatella 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Arctic is warming at twice the rate of the global mean. This warming could further stimulate methane (CH4) emissions from northern wetlands and enhance the greenhouse impact of this region. Arctic wetlands are extremely heterogeneous in terms of geochemistry, vegetation, microtopography, and hydrology, and therefore CH4 fluxes can differ dramatically within the metre scale. Eddy covariance (EC) is one of the most useful methods for estimating CH4 fluxes in remote areas over long periods of time. However, when the areas sampled by these EC towers (i.e. tower footprints) are by definition very heterogeneous, due to encompassing a variety of environmental conditions and vegetation types, modelling environmental controls of CH4 emissions becomes even more challenging, confounding efforts to reduce uncertainty in baseline CH4 emissions from these landscapes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of footprint variability on CH4 fluxes from two EC towers located in wetlands on the North Slope of Alaska. The local domain of each of these sites contains well developed polygonal tundra as well as a drained thermokarst lake basin. We found that the spatiotemporal variability of the footprint, has a significant influence on the observed CH4 fluxes, contributing between 3% and 33% of the variance, depending on site, time period, and modelling method. Multiple indices were used to define spatial heterogeneity, and their explanatory power varied depending on site and season. Overall, the normalised difference water index had the most consistent explanatory power on CH4 fluxes, though generally only when used in concert with at least one other spatial index. The spatial bias (defined here as the difference between the mean for the 0.36 km2 domain around the tower and the footprint-weighted mean) was between ∣51∣% and ∣18∣% depending on the index. This study highlights the need for footprint modelling to infer the representativeness of the carbon fluxes measured by EC towers in these highly heterogeneous tundra ecosystems, and the need to evaluate spatial variability when upscaling EC site-level data to a larger domain.
Plant-mSubP: a computational framework for the prediction of single- and multi-target protein subcellular localization using integrated machine-learning approaches
Authors: Sahu Sitanshu S , Loaiza Cristian D , Kaundal Rakesh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The subcellular localization of proteins is very important for characterizing its function in a cell. Accurate prediction of the subcellular locations in computational paradigm has been an active area of interest. Most of the work has been focused on single localization prediction. Only few studies have discussed the multi-target localization, but have not achieved good accuracy so far; in plant sciences, very limited work has been done. Here we report the development of a novel tool Plant-mSubP, which is based on integrated machine learning approaches to efficiently predict the subcellular localizations in plant proteomes. The proposed approach predicts with high accuracy 11 single localizations and three dual locations of plant cell. Several hybrid features based on composition and physicochemical properties of a protein such as amino acid composition, pseudo amino acid composition, auto-correlation descriptors, quasi-sequence-order descriptors and hybrid features are used to represent the protein. The performance of the proposed method has been assessed through a training set as well as an independent test set. Using the hybrid feature of the pseudo amino acid composition, N-Center-C terminal amino acid composition and the dipeptide composition (PseAAC-NCC-DIPEP), an overall accuracy of 81.97 %, 84.75 % and 87.88 % is achieved on the training data set of proteins containing the single-label, single- and dual-label combined, and dual-label proteins, respectively. When tested on the independent data, an accuracy of 64.36 %, 64.84 % and 81.08 % is achieved on the single-label, single- and dual-label, and dual-label proteins, respectively. The prediction models have been implemented on a web server available at http://bioinfo.usu.edu/Plant-mSubP/. The results indicate that the proposed approach is comparable to the existing methods in single localization prediction and outperforms all other existing tools when compared for dual-label proteins. The prediction tool will be a useful resource for better annotation of various plant proteomes.
High-throughput sequencing is revealing genetic associations with avian plumage color
Authors: Funk Erik R , Taylor Scott A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Avian evolution has generated an impressive array of patterns and colors in the ~10,000 bird species that exist on Earth. Recently, a number of exciting studies have utilized whole-genome sequencing to reveal new details on the genetics of avian plumage color. These findings provide compelling evidence for genes that underlie plumage variation across a wide variety of bird species (e.g., juncos, warblers, seedeaters, and estrildid finches). While much is known about large, body-wide color changes, these species exhibit discrete color differences across small plumage patches. Many genetic differences appear to be located in regulatory regions of genes rather than in protein-coding regions, suggesting gene expression is playing a large role in the control of these color patches. Taken together, these studies have the potential to broadly facilitate further research of sexual selection and evolution in these charismatic taxa.
Clustering and variable selection evaluation of 13 unsupervised methods for multi-omics data integration
Authors: Pierre-Jean Morgane , Deleuze Jean-François , Le Floch Edith , Mauger Florence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent advances in NGS sequencing, microarrays and mass spectrometry for omics data production have enabled the generation and collection of different modalities of high-dimensional molecular data. The integration of multiple omics datasets is a statistical challenge, due to the limited number of individuals, the high number of variables and the heterogeneity of the datasets to integrate. Recently, a lot of tools have been developed to solve the problem of integrating omics data including canonical correlation analysis, matrix factorization and SM. These commonly used techniques aim to analyze simultaneously two or more types of omics. In this article, we compare a panel of 13 unsupervised methods based on these different approaches to integrate various types of multi-omics datasets: iClusterPlus, regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis, sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis, multiple co-inertia analysis (MCIA), integrative-NMF (intNMF), SNF, MoCluster, mixKernel, CIMLR, LRAcluster, ConsensusClustering, PINSPlus and multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA). We evaluate the ability of the methods to recover the subgroups and the variables that drive the clustering on eight benchmarks of simulation. MOFA does not provide any results on these benchmarks. For clustering, SNF, MoCluster, CIMLR, LRAcluster, ConsensusClustering and intNMF provide the best results. For variable selection, MoCluster outperforms the others. However, the performance of the methods seems to depend on the heterogeneity of the datasets (especially for MCIA, intNMF and iClusterPlus). Finally, we apply the methods on three real studies with heterogeneous data and various phenotypes. We conclude that MoCluster is the best method to analyze these omics data. Availability: An R package named CrIMMix is available on GitHub at https://github.com/CNRGH/crimmix to reproduce all the results of this article.
Seismic shear wave anisotropy of an anisotropic rock containing aligned cracks: theory and applications to experiment and field data
Authors: Xu Song , Tang Xiaoming , Su Yuanda , Zhuang Chunxi 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Cracks universally exist in Earth's crustal rocks. Many rocks are intrinsically anisotropic, which, when coupled with crack-induced anisotropy, significantly affect seismic wave propagation through the rocks. Using the method of sphere equivalency of effective scattering, we have developed a technique to model the effective moduli of transversely isotropic (TI) media containing cracks. The modelling results show that the wave characteristics are significantly affected by the interaction of the two anisotropy mechanisms. To validate the validity and accuracy, the theory was applied to a recent experiment made with a vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) medium containing cracks and shows significantly better agreement with the data. For a more realistic situation, the new modelling was applied to interpret the borehole acoustic anisotropy measurement results from a fractured VTI formation, showing that the theory can adequately explain the anisotropic characteristics of the field data. With the validation and testing, the theoretical results advocated in this study can be used with confidence.
A path dependence analysis of hospital dominance in China (1949–2018): lessons for primary care strengthening
Authors: Xu Jin , Gorsky Martin , Mills Anne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough China’s community health system helped inspire the 1978 Alma Ata Declaration on Health for All, it currently faces the challenge of strengthening primary care in response to hospital sector dominance. As the world reaffirms its commitment towards primary health services, China’s recent history provides a salient case study of the issues at stake in optimizing the balance of care. In this study, we have used path dependence analysis to explain China’s coevolution of hospital and primary care facilities between 1949 and 2018. We have identified two cycles of path-dependent development (1949–78 and 1978–2018) involving four sets of institutions related to medical professionalization, financing, organization and governance of health facilities. Both cycles started with a critical juncture amid a radically changing societal context, when institutions favouring hospitals were initiated or renewed, leading to a process of self-reinforcement empowering the hospitals. Later in each cycle, events occurred that modified this hospital dominance. However, pro-primary care policies during these conjunctures encountered resilience from the existing institutional environment. The result was continued consolidation of hospital dominance over the long term. These recurrent constraints suggest that primary care strengthening is unlikely to be successful without a comprehensive set of policy reforms driven by a primary care coalition with strong professional, bureaucratic and community stakes, co-ordinated and sustained over a prolonged period. Our findings imply that it is important to understand the history of health systems in China, where the challenges of health systems strengthening go beyond limited resources and include different developmental paths as compared with Western countries.