bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Climatological Characteristics of Observed and Simulated Seasonal Onset of Precipitation Over Southern and Eastern Africa
Authors: Lawal Shakirudeen , Hewitson Bruce , Lennard Christopher 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrediction of seasonal onset is crucial to agriculture in southern and eastern Africa. Here, we applied two definitions of onset, namely meteorological and agricultural (crop‐germination), to evaluate CMIP6 models through the lens of rainfall onset over representative maize agricultural regions of South Africa, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia. We use the ERA5 reanalysis as a proxy for observations, and robust regression to calculate a statistical comparison of the onset definitions for the period 1979–2021. Evaluation of ERA5 reanalysis shows similar magnitude and pattern as gauge based MSWEP. Our results show that, for meteorological onset, Johannesburg, with a subtropical highland climate, experienced earliest onset after 23 December; and an increasing trend (later onset) but not statistically significant (p = 0.2). Over Bethlehem, which has continental climate, the earliest onset date was after October 9 and an increasing interannual variability since 2000 is noted. The standard deviation of onset dates across the regions shows an East‐Central‐South gradient. We also found that the crop‐germination onset definition shows earlier onset of seasonal rains, it differs considerably across regions, and has higher interannual variability, in comparison with the meteorological definition. Over Lilongwe, Mbeya and Lusaka, late meteorological onset with a weak positive and insignificant trend is observed. The CMIP6 model's representation of onset trend differs from reanalysis data, with inter‐model differences. Late meteorological onset is underestimated by GFDL‐CM4 and MPI while INM5, MPI and NorESM overestimate the observed earliest onset. The largest bias is shown by INM and MPI which simulate earliest and latest onset as 190 (07 January) and 206 (23 January) respectively. In addition, models often fail to simulate sufficient precipitation to produce onset for seed germination and crop development. The ACCESS model showed an insignificant trend (p value = 2) and later onset over Lilongwe, an insignificant trend (p value = 0.9) over Lusaka, and an earlier onset over Mbeya. Using the agricultural onset definition, over Bethlehem, all the models and the ERA5 reanalysis did not produce enough precipitation to meet onset conditions. We suggest that rainfall onset studies use several definitions or metrics of onset and that the choice of metric be informed by the research question. Using such an ensemble of onset metrics contributes to a better understanding of variability and uncertainties in agricultural productivity.
Fabrication of Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Liu Jiarui , Wang Lulu , Bai Liangjiu , Wang Wenxiang , Yang Lixia , Chen Hou , Yang Huawei , Wei Donglei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, a flexible sensor is successfully fabricated using self‐healing nanocomposite hydrogels for monitoring human movement. The eco‐friendly cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are used as nano‐reinforcing materials, and the mechanical properties and self‐healing efficiency of the materials are improved. The self‐healing efficiency of hydrogels are realized by introducing a variety of reversible non‐covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, borax chelation, and metal coordination. Notably, the mechanical strength and self‐healing efficiency of these nanocomposite hydrogels can reach 2.8 MPa and 89.9%, respectively. Importantly, these self‐healing nanocomposite hydrogels have been widely used in wearable flexible sensors to achieve high sensitivity to large‐scale human movement. It is of great significance to design functional materials with good biocompatibility, sensitivity, and mechanical strength for wearable sensors.
MicroRNA‐505‐5p/‐3p Regulates the Proliferation, Invasion, Apoptosis, and Temozolomide Resistance in Mesenchymal Glioma Stem Cells by Targeting AUF1
Authors: Oe Souichi , Kakizaki Rio , Sakamoto Sumika , Sato Teruhide , Hayashi Mikio , Isozaki Haruna , Nonaka Masahiro , Iwashita Hikaru , Hayashi Shinichi , Koike Taro , Seki‐Omura Ryohei , Nakano Yousuke , Sato Yuki , Hirahara Yukie , Kitada Masaaki 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES‐GSCs) are a major subtype of GSCs that reside within glioma tissues and contribute to metastasis, therapy resistance, and glioma recurrence. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing MES‐GSC functions remain elusive. Our findings revealed that expression levels of miR‐505‐5p/‐3p are elevated in MES‐GSCs compared with those in proneural (PN)‐GSCs, glioma cell lines, and normal brain tissue and that miR‐505‐5p/‐3p expression levels are decreased in differentiated MES‐GSCs. We assumed that miR‐505‐5p/‐3p would play distinctive roles in MES‐GSCs and performed loss‐of‐function experiments targeting miR‐505‐5p/‐3p. Knockdown of miR‐505‐5p/‐3p increased proliferation and promoted differentiation in MES‐GSCs while suppressing invasion, temozolomide resistance, and enhancing apoptosis in MES‐GSCs. Mechanistically, miR‐505‐5p/‐3p directly targets the 3′ UTR of AUF1, leading to its repression in MES‐GSCs. Notably, AUF1 expression levels were significantly lower in MES‐GSCs compared with those in PN‐GSCs, glioma cell lines, and normal brain tissues. Co‐inhibition of AUF1 expression with miR‐505‐5p/‐3p knockdown ameliorated the observed cellular phenotypes caused by miR‐505‐5p/‐3p knockdown in MES‐GSCs. These results suggest that miR‐505‐5p/‐3p exerts MES‐GSC‐specific roles in regulating proliferation, differentiation, invasion, apoptosis, and temozolomide resistance by repressing AUF1 expression.
MERIDA HRES: A new high‐resolution reanalysis dataset for Italy
Authors: Viterbo Francesca , Sperati Simone , Vitali Bruno , D'Amico Filippo , Cavalleri Francesco , Bonanno Riccardo , Lacavalla Matteo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPower utilities are increasingly emphasizing the need for high‐resolution reanalysis datasets to develop resilience plans for protecting and managing infrastructure against extreme weather events. In response, Ricerca Sul Sistema Energetico (RSE) S.p.A. created the new MEteorological Reanalysis Italian DAtaset (MERIDA) High‐RESolution (HRES) reanalysis, a 4‐km resolution dataset with explicit convection specifically designed for Italy. This dataset, publicly available from 1986 to the present, has been evaluated and compared with the previously developed MERIDA reanalysis dataset (7‐km resolution over Italy) and ERA5, the global reanalysis driver. The validation is conducted across different scales (i.e., from climatology to single extreme events) and for multiple variables (i.e., 2‐meter temperature, daily total precipitation, and 10‐meter wind speed). Specific cases, such as a convective storm in July 2016 in northern Italy near Bergamo and the more synoptically driven Vaia storm in October 2018, are analyzed to illustrate the dataset's potential in capturing precipitation and wind extremes. Additionally, the Arbus wildfire event in Sardinia is examined to showcase a multivariable application for assessing fire weather hazards. Through performance maps and statistical analyses, the ability of MERIDA HRES to represent both long‐term statistics and extreme events is highlighted. Despite a consistent cold temperature bias across Italy, with higher peaks over mountainous regions, the performance of precipitation and wind outperforms that of both MERIDA and ERA5 in all analyzed cases. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of this product for multiple applications in Italy.
Sural‐to‐medial femoral cutaneous amplitude ratio in early diagnosis of uremic neuropathy
Authors: Deveci Şule , Matur Zeliha , Mermi Dibek Dilara , Oge Ali Emre 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedial femoral cutaneous (MFC) sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) can be easily recorded using distal stimulation. This study aimed to identify a new parameter using MFC SNAPs for the early electrophysiological diagnosis of length‐dependent axonal polyneuropathy (LDAP) associated with uremic neuropathy.MethodsPatients with chronic renal failure who were referred to the electrodiagnostic laboratory due to symptoms suggesting polyneuropathy were included. Assessments encompassed neurological examination, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test. Antidromic radial, median, ulnar, MFC, sural, and superficial peroneal sensory; median, ulnar, tibial, and peroneal motor nerve conduction studies were performed. Sural‐to‐radial amplitude ratio (SRAR) and sural‐to‐medial femoral cutaneous amplitude ratio (SMFCAR) were calculated, and their diagnostic sensitivities were compared with the age and sex matched healthy controls.ResultsThirty‐two chronic renal failure patients (mean age 60.0 ± 9.6 years) and 37 controls (60.6 ± 9 years) were included. MNSI indicated clinical polyneuropathy in 59.4% of patients, while sural SNAP amplitude was diagnostic in 78%. Median SRAR and SMFCAR values were significantly lower in patients than controls (p < .001 for both). The cut‐off values for SMFCAR and SRAR were <1.82 and <0.30, respectively, both with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 94%.DiscussionSural SNAP is the most sensitive parameter in the diagnosis of LDAP. SMFCAR is not superior to SRAR. If the sural SNAP amplitude is normal, SMFCAR can serve as an alternative to SRAR in dialysis patients with bilateral arteriovenous fistulae or in those unable to undergo radial NCS.
Improving thermal conductivity of butylpyridine latex‐based composites by modified single‐layer graphene
Authors: Xie Yanxia , Xu Yaning , Du Yuting , Zhou Zihao , Shi Jie , Zuo Hongmei , Zou Lihua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChelated titanate (CT) modified single‐layer graphene (CTMSG), exhibiting much better static and dynamic stability due to the synergy of physical and chemical bonds, was mixed with butadiene‐vinylpyridine latex (BL) to prepare composite (CTMSG‐BL) film to enhance its thermal conductivity. Furthermore, CTMSG‐BL was complexed with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric to promote the thermal conductivity of the composite (CTMSG‐BL/PET). Compared with the samples without CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of CTMSG‐BL (CTMSG content: 0.2 wt%) and CTMSG‐BL/PET increased from 3.52 to 4.35 W/(m·K) and from 1.91 to 2.56 W/(m·K), improved by 19.1% and 34.0%. This benefits from the excellent orientation alignment of single‐layer graphene (SG) in BL film and the highly efficient construction of the thermal conductivity pathway. The CTMSG‐BL emulsion is suitable for preparing heat‐resistant thermal conductive film with a thickness of micro‐nano meter (~0.6 μm) by impregnation process because of the low viscosity of the CTMSG‐BL emulsion (3.61 mPa·s) and the good heat resistance of the pyridine groups of BL with average pyrolysis temperature about 444 °C. The CTMSG‐BL film and CTMSG‐BL/PET composites have excellent heat conduction and dissipation properties, exhibiting broad application prospects in thermal interface materials, aerospace, and transport.Highlights
The static and dynamic stability of the CTMSG was significantly improved.
Low viscosity CTMSG‐BL is suitable for preparing thermally conductive films.
With the addition of CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of BL improved by 19.0%.
With addition of CTMSG, the thermal conductivity of BL/PET improved by 34%.
Isekai as a Reflection of College Student Transition Theory
Authors: Waggoner Emilie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the isekai genre, characters are transported to another world where they must learn new cultural norms, create new relationships, and work through the changes that come with who they are in this new world. The transition of characters in isekai from their world to a new one mirrors the transition college students experience as they move from high school to college, albeit one with less magic. As anime continues to gain high school and college‐aged fans, the narrative of how isekai characters move through their transition could be highly impactful to fans who are experiencing their own transition into the new world of higher education. By incorporating case studies and using the theoretical frameworks of Schlossberg's transition theory (1981) and marginality and mattering (1989), readers of this article can understand and explain how isekai characters can be powerful examples of role modeling positive transitional approaches and act as a guide through transitional stages for fans experiencing their transition from the world of high school to the world of higher education.
Investigation of the Optoelectronic, γ‐Attenuation, and Thermodynamic Properties of Novel MnGa2P3H4NO14 for Energy Applications: A DFT Study
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Ahmed Emad M. , Issa Shams A. M. , Zakaly H. M. H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTransparent conducting oxides (TCOs) from the semiconductor family have garnered considerable interest due to the growing popularity of optoelectronic and thermodynamical applications. Our present study has presented findings on the electronic, optical, and thermodynamic characteristics of spinel oxide MnGa2P3H4NO14; using density functional theory (DFT), we utilized first‐principles calculations carried out with the Wien 2 k software package. The calculations were performed using the generalized‐gradient‐approximation plus Hubbard potential U (GGA+U) method for the doped materials. The band structure calculation reveals that the parent compound exhibits a semiconducting nature and a direct band gap of 2.9 and 1.7 eV for spin‐up and down channels, respectively. The stability of the material is assessed by evaluating its formation energies, which reveal that spinel oxide exhibits the highest stability. The thermodynamic properties are determined using the quasiharmonic Debye model, implemented in the GIBBS 2 code. Furthermore, the quasiharmonic Debye model examines the pressure and temperature dependence of all parameters related to the investigated spinel oxides. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the radiation shielding, we computed the mass attenuation coefficient for the XCOM program that was investigated from the sample. In addition, linear attenuation, half‐value layer, and mean free path values have been evaluated. A thorough investigation into the dielectric function's optical characteristics was conducted. It has been found that the dielectric function exhibits a wide range of energy transparency. The discovery of UV‐absorbing materials with extremely narrow band gaps suggests their potential use in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. These results provide solid proof and motivation for seeking cutting‐edge optoelectronic materials and technology.
Assessment of different interpolation algorithms for daily rainfall spatial distribution in the Var catchment, France
Authors: Ma Qiang , Chang Siyuan , Lu Guowei , Gourbesville Philippe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo have effective water resource management, the distributed hydrological models are commonly applied for supporting the decision‐making processes. Among different inputs, the spatial distributed rainfall plays significant role in those model simulations. Many interpolation methods have been developed for generating distributed rainfall based on measurement samples. However, depending on the catchment characteristics and data availability, the suitable interpolation algorithm is case‐dependent. This paper presents one operational approach for determining the resonable interpolation algorithm in a complex large catchment (Var catchment, France). Based on the daily rainfall data (2008–2014) collected from 16 stations in the Var catchment, six different interpolation approaches including: inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, kriging with linear and spherical semi‐variogram models and geographically weighted regression considering elevation effects and the combined impacts of elevation and distance to the sea were tested. Integrated the results of statistical and modeling assessments, the 400 m resolution distributed rainfall generated by IDW algorithm shows high preference in generating distributed rainfall in the Var catchment. Moreover, the strategy described in the article also shows promising acceptability for other catchments.
Occurrence, ecological, and health risk assessment of antibiotics in water from the Karst River during influenza season
Authors: Pan Xiong , Fu Wenjie , Yang Yuyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of antibiotics has significantly increased their presence in aquatic environments, particularly in sensitive Karst River systems. In this study, the distribution and ecological, human health, and resistance selection risk assessment of 44 antibiotics in the typical Karst River, Lijiang River, were investigated during the influenza season, a period marked by heightened antibiotic usage. 27 antibiotics could be found in the water of Lijiang River, among which azithromycin showing the highest concentrations. The concentrations of total antibiotics were in the range 171.70–2003.75 ng/L, with an average value of 704.76 ng/L. Macrolide was the predominant class, constituting an average of 57.65% of the total antibiotic concentrations. Risk assessments revealed that certain antibiotics, especially macrolides, posed moderate to high ecological risks to algae, displayed potential human health risks at low levels and contributed to antimicrobial resistance. Among all the antibiotics, azithromycin was the only one could cause ecological risk to algae, human health risk towards infants and antimicrobial resistance selection risk, which should be identified as the priority antibiotic for control in the Lijiang River during the influenza season. There was no difference in the concentrations, human health and antimicrobial resistance selection risk of antibiotics between mainstream and tributaries of Lijiang River. This study contributes to a better understanding of antibiotic pollution and provides insights into potential risk management practices in vulnerable aquatic systems worldwide.
Framework for crowdfunding sustainable development goals projects using blockchain
Authors: Chalmeta Ricardo , Cabezas‐Hernando Daniel , dos Santos Silva Jailson 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrowdfunding has proven to be a viable strategy for financing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is a type of online financing that prevents intermediaries, such as banks, from obtaining economic support through contributions from users whose motivation may be in exchange for some type of reward and/or altruism. Blockchain and smart contracts support and improve crowdfunding platforms by removing the need for intermediate third parties, making it easier for users to verify how their payments are being used, and providing a transparent ledger for all transactions. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the academic literature on information technologies for sustainable development by developing a bibliometric analysis to identify the top contributing and most influential authors, countries, publishers, institutions, and papers on blockchain to support SDGs achievements through crowdfunding; by developing a classification framework that organizes in research categories and subcategories the current state of art; and by identifying the main findings and a future research agenda in each research category and subcategory. To identify, select, collect, synthesize, analyze, and evaluate all research published on the field, providing a complete insight in this research area, the PRISMA methodology, content analysis and bibliometric tools are used.
Generalized Fused Lasso for Treatment Pooling in Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangshan , Daly Caitlin H. , Béliveau Audrey 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work develops a generalized fused lasso (GFL) approach to fitting contrast‐based network meta‐analysis (NMA) models. The GFL method penalizes all pairwise differences between treatment effects, resulting in the pooling of treatments that are not sufficiently different. This approach offers an intriguing avenue for potentially mitigating biases in treatment rankings and reducing sparsity in networks. To fit contrast‐based NMA models within the GFL framework, we formulate the models as generalized least squares problems, where the precision matrix depends on the standard error in the data, the estimated between‐study heterogeneity and the correlation between contrasts in multi‐arm studies. By utilizing a Cholesky decomposition of the precision matrix, we linearly transform the data vector and design matrix to frame NMA within the GFL framework. We demonstrate how to construct the GFL penalty such that every pairwise difference is penalized similarly. The model is straightforward to implement in R via the “genlasso” package, and runs instantaneously, contrary to other regularization approaches that are Bayesian. A two‐step GFL‐NMA approach is recommended to obtain measures of uncertainty associated with the (pooled) relative treatment effects. Two simulation studies confirm the GFL approach's ability to pool treatments that have the same (or similar) effects while also revealing when incorrect pooling may occur, and its potential benefits against alternative methods. The novel GFL‐NMA method is successfully applied to a real‐world dataset on diabetes where the standard NMA model was not favored compared to the best‐fitting GFL‐NMA model with AICc selection of the tuning parameter (.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclobutanes in the Presence of Thiourea: A New Efficient Route to 2‐ Arylallylmalonates
Authors: Zhao Ruixin , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Jintao , Chen Zuliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA straightforward access to various substituted 2‐arylallylmalonates from readily available donor‐Acceptor (D‐A) cyclobutanes catalyzed by Al(OTf)3 in the presence of thiourea is reported. This is a new and convenient approach for isomerization of donor‐acceptor cyclobutanes into 2‐arylallylmalonates.
Theoretical Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Properties and Molecular Docking of Carbazoles Derived from Murraya Koenigii
Authors: Vishwakarma Neha , Patil Praful S. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the density functional theory (DFT) method is used to theoretically investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of natural carbazoles. The selected carbazoles have significant NLO characteristics. Using the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level theories, the linear optical absorption, HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and dipole moments were calculated. The first hyperpolarizability (β0), second hyperpolarizability (γ), and static and dynamic linear polarizability (α0) components were computed. Electron correlation was obtained, which was compared with NLO and docking studies showing good relation with both. All carbazole compounds demonstrate good optoelectronic qualities that promote their potential use in electronic devices, as demonstrated by the frequency‐dependent dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) functionals at 532 and 1064 nm wavelengths. The results of the molecular docking study shows that CBZ molecules exhibit a strong affinity for both Malassezia globosa (SMG1) lipase targets. The docking data demonstrated a strong binding ability, with CBZ7 and CBZ3. This indicates that CBZ7 and CBZ3 outperform all other compounds and have a high binding capability to the target protein.