bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning phase pickers: how well can existing models detect hydraulic-fracturing induced microseismicity from a borehole array?
Authors: Lim Cindy S Y , Lapins Sacha , Segou Margarita , Werner Maximilian J 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Deep learning (DL) phase picking models have proven effective in processing large volumes of seismic data, including successfully detecting earthquakes missed by other standard detection methods. Despite their success, the applicability of existing extensively trained DL models to high-frequency borehole data sets is currently unclear. In this study, we compare four established models [Generalized Seismic Phase Detection (GPD), U-GPD, PhaseNet and EQTransformer] trained on regional earthquakes recorded at surface stations (100 Hz) in terms of their picking performance on high-frequency borehole data (2000 Hz) from the Preston New Road (PNR) unconventional shale gas site, in the United Kingdom (UK). The PNR-1z data set, which we use as a benchmark, consists of continuously recorded waveforms containing over 38 000 seismic events previously catalogued, ranging in magnitudes from −2.8 to 1.1. Remarkably, all four DL models can detect induced seismicity in high-frequency borehole data and two might satisfy the monitoring requirements of some users without any modifications. In particular, PhaseNet and U-GPD demonstrate exceptional recall rates of 95 and 76.6 per cent, respectively, and detect a substantial number of new events (over 15 800 and 8300 events, respectively). PhaseNet’s success might be attributed to its exposure to more extensive and diverse instrument data set during training, as well as its relatively small model size, which might mitigate overfitting to its training set. U-GPD outperforms PhaseNet during periods of high seismic rates due to its smaller window size (400 samples compared to PhaseNet’s 3000-sample window). These models start missing events below $M_w$ −0.5, suggesting that the models could benefit from additional training with microseismic data-sets. Nonetheless, PhaseNet may satisfy some users’ monitoring requirements without further modification, detecting over 52 000 events at PNR. This suggests that DL models can provide efficient solutions to the big data challenge of downhole monitoring of hydraulic-fracturing induced seismicity as well as improved risk mitigation strategies at unconventional exploration sites.
Probabilistic geophysical inversion of complex resistivity measurements using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method
Authors: Hase Joost , Wagner Florian M , Weigand Maximilian , Kemna Andreas 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
In this work, we introduce the probabilistic inversion of tomographic complex resistivity (CR) measurements using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method. The posterior model distribution on which our approach operates accounts for the underlying complex-valued nature of the CR imaging problem accurately by including the individual errors of the measured impedance magnitude and phase, allowing for the application of independent regularization on the inferred subsurface conductivity magnitude and phase, and incorporating the effects of cross-sensitivities. As the tomographic CR inverse problem is nonlinear, of high dimension and features strong correlations between model parameters, efficiently sampling from the posterior model distribution is challenging. To meet this challenge we use HMC, a Markov-chain Monte Carlo method that incorporates gradient information to achieve efficient model updates. To maximize the benefit of a given number of forward calculations, we use the No-U-Turn sampler (NUTS) as a variant of HMC. We demonstrate the probabilistic inversion approach on a synthetic CR tomography measurement. The NUTS succeeds in creating a sample of the posterior model distribution that provides us with the ability to analyse correlations between model parameters and to calculate statistical estimators of interest, such as the mean model and the covariance matrix. Our results provide a strong basis for the characterization of the posterior model distribution and uncertainty quantification in the context of the tomographic CR inverse problem.
Consumer Moral Decision Making: The Impact of Alignable Versus Nonalignable Differences
Authors: Park Sang Kyu , Cho Young Joo , Kim Jungkeun , Lee Jin Yong , Park Jongwon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Consumer choice decisions often involve a tradeoff between an alignable difference (a difference along a shared attribute) and a nonalignable difference (a difference between unique attributes of each alternative). For example, Café A provides friendly service, while Café B offers unwelcoming service (an alignable difference). However, Café A occasionally makes billing errors, and Café B has comfortable seating (a nonalignable difference). Prior research shows that alignable differences tend to have a greater impact on choice than nonalignable differences (known as the “alignability effect”). Yet, little research has examined tradeoffs involving moral attributes. Contrary to the prevailing evidence, eight studies (N = 2,861) demonstrate that in moral attribute tradeoffs, nonalignable (vs. alignable) differences have a greater impact on choice (termed the “nonalignability effect”). Consequently, consumers prefer an alternative that is superior on a nonalignable moral difference but inferior on an alignable moral difference. Moreover, in moral–quality tradeoffs, where one alternative is more ethical but is of lower quality, consumers show a stronger preference for the ethical alternative when its moral superiority is represented by a nonalignable (vs. alignable) difference. The nonalignability effect is driven by consumers’ unique decision process in making moral attribute tradeoffs, characterized by categorical valence coding and attribute-by-attribute win–loss counting.
Enhancing anti-corruption via investment arbitration: from red flags to due diligence
Authors: Kryvoi Yarik , Godhe Aleksander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the number of corruption allegations in investor–State disputes (ISDS) grows, tribunals must balance their duty to resolve disputes and to render enforceable awards. Given the difficulty of proving corruption, arbitrators increasingly consider red flags to detect it, but still struggle with drawing consequences for corrupt conduct that would serve as an effective deterrent. Our empirical analysis of 92 ISDS cases that involved allegations of corruption reveals that over a quarter of arbitral decisions already utilize a red flags approach, which helps tribunals assess corruption risks and provide circumstantial evidence. This article proposes a novel list of red flags based on the empirical analysis, domestic and international law sources as well as soft law instruments. It then frames a corresponding anti-corruption due diligence mechanism, which can minimize the risks of corruption occurring, bring more predictability to ISDS and disincentivize frivolous allegations of corruption.
Are there compensatory behaviors in response to a sit-stand desk intervention?
Authors: Silva Hélio , Teno Sabrina C , Júdice Pedro B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Office workers represent one of the most sedentary groups. Alarmingly, more than one-third of their sitting time during workdays occurs in prolonged bouts. Sit-stand desk (SSD) interventions have been found to be effective in reducing sitting time, but heterogeneity exists amongst studies, which may be due to compensations outside the workplace. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-month SSD intervention on office workers’ sitting and standing times during the work shift and outside work (leisure time).
Methods: A 2-arm (1:1) clustered randomized controlled trial was conducted with 38 participants randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention included a psychoeducational session, motivational prompts, and environmental modification (SSD implemented in the workplace). The waiting-list control group maintained the usual work conditions and only received the initial session. We employed repeated measures analysis of covariance to compare changes between groups while adjusting for relevant covariates, with significance set at 5%.
Results: In the intervention group, there was a significant reduction in sitting time at work by 32.97 minutes, along with a notable increase in standing time by 27.88 minutes (P &lt; .05). Although nonsignificant (P &gt; .05), there was an increase in sitting time in the leisure context of about 23.07 minutes.
Conclusions: This study underscores the effectiveness of SSD as a key strategy to mitigate sitting time among office workers. However, future interventions should consider integrating comprehensive behavioral strategies beyond the workplace to sustain potential increases in sitting time during leisure time and avoid compensatory behaviors.
Primary intraosseous meningioma: a case of early symptomatic calvarial origin meningioma
Authors: Poursina Olia , Qiu Jingxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Primary intraosseous meningiomas are rare extradural tumors. They are typically slow-growing, painless, and asymptomatic until they cause a mass effect. We report a case of a calvarial primary intraosseous meningioma, which became symptomatic despite a very small size. A 67-year-old female with a history of precancerous breast tissue presented with right-sided stroke-like symptoms. Computed tomography showed right parietal convexity irregularity without hemorrhage or infarct. MRI indicated a right parietal calvarial signal abnormality and dural thickening, suggesting metastases or primary osseous neoplasm. A PET scan revealed heterogeneous uptake in the right parietal skull with no other abnormalities. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of primary intraosseous meningioma. Histopathological examination is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment planning, which may involve wide-margin skull resection, radiation, or both.
Routine laboratory screening for cyp51a-related azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus using Etest: Concordance with gene sequencing
Authors: Rabault Charlotte , Rakotoarivony Yann , Houzé Sandrine , Bonnal Christine , Joste Valentin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the combined performance of itraconazole and voriconazole Etest® gradient concentration strips for the detection of Aspergillus fumigatus azole resistance associated with cyp51a mutations confirmed by gene sequencing. Among 118 A. fumigatus clinical isolates collected in a French center, 6 (5%) had azole resistance mutations, 5 of which were probably of environmental origin. Using recent method-dependent epidemiological cutoff values as thresholds, the combination's sensitivity and specificity were 100% [95% confidence interval 61–100] and 99% [95–100]. Our results support itraconazole and voriconazole Etest® combined use as a promising self-sufficient method for simple, efficient and reliable cyp51a-related azole-resistant A. fumigatus detection.
Dynamics and structure of network magnetic fields: supergranular vortex expansion–contraction
Authors: Chian Abraham C -L , Rempel Erico L , Rubio Luis Bellot , Gošić Milan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on the formation of a large magnetic coherent structure in a vortex expansion–contraction interval, resulting from the merger of two plasmoids driven by a supergranular vortex observed by Hinode in the quiet-Sun. Strong vortical flows at the interior of vortex boundary are detected by the localized regions of high values of the instantaneous vorticity deviation, and intense current sheets in the merging plasmoids are detected by the localized regions of high values of the local current deviation. The spatiotemporal evolution of the line-of-sight magnetic field, the horizontal electric current density, and the horizontal electromagnetic energy flux is investigated by elucidating the relation between velocity and magnetic fields in the photospheric plasma turbulence. A local and continuous amplification of magnetic field from 286 G to 591 G is detected at the centre of one merging plasmoid during the vortex expansion–contraction interval of 60 min. During the period of vortex contraction of 22.5 min, the line-of-sight magnetic field at the centre of plasmoid-1 (2) exhibits a steady decrease (increase), respectively, indicating a steady transfer of magnetic flux from plasmoid-1 to plasmoid-2. At the end of the vortex expansion–contraction interval, the two merging plasmoids reach an equipartition of electromagnetic energy flux, leading to the formation of an elongated magnetic coherent structure encircled by a shell of intense current sheets. Evidence of the disruption of a thin current sheet at the turbulent interface boundary layers of two merging plasmoids is presented.
High γ-ray escape time in 2003fg-like supernovae: A challenge to proposed models
Authors: Sharon Amir , Kushnir Doron , Schinasi-Lemberg Eden 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), named after the prototype SN 2003fg, includes some of the brightest SNe Ia, often called ”super Chandrasekhar-mass” SNe Ia. We calculate the γ-ray deposition histories and the 56Ni mass synthesized in the explosion, MNi56, for eight 2003fg-like SNe. Our findings reveal that the γ-ray escape time, t0, for these objects is t0 ≈ 45–60  days, significantly higher than that of normal SNe Ia. 2003fg-like SNe are distinct from normal SNe Ia in the t0–MNi56 plane, with a noticeable gap between the two populations. The observed position of 2003fg-like SNe in this plane poses a significant challenge for theoretical explosion models. We demonstrate that the merger of two white dwarfs (WDs) and a single star exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit fail to reproduce the observed t0–MNi56 distribution. However, preliminary calculations of head-on collisions of massive WDs show agreement with the observed t0–MNi56 distribution.
Discovering changing-look AGN in the 6dF Galaxy Survey using ATLAS light curves
Authors: Amrutha Neelesh , Wolf Christian , Onken Christopher A , Hon Wei Jeat , Lai Samuel , Tonry John L , Webster Rachel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) are characterized by extreme variations in line emission over short time-scales, mostly affecting broad H $\beta$ lines. While a few hundred CLAGNs are known, a complete sample of turn-on CLAGNs is still elusive. Here, we present a search for turn-on CLAGNs in a complete sample of galaxies, using archival spectra and recent light curves. We obtained light curves from the Asteroid Terrestrial Impact Last Alert System for 16 232 emission-line galaxies, including both star-forming and active galaxies, at $z&lt; 0.1$ with spectra from the Six-degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS). We first establish typical variability behaviour for different active galactic nucleus (AGN) types, as recorded between 2001 and 2009, and then select outliers from the bulk behaviour as CLAGN candidates. We obtain new spectra for the candidates and identify 12 new turn-on CLAGNs (appearing broad H $\beta$ line) and 19 new turn-off CLAGNs (disappearing broad H $\beta$ line). We may have missed AGNs that changed and reverted their state over the 15–20 yr since 6dFGS spectra were taken, and thus our CLAGN rates of 1.7 per cent for turn-on and 9.6 per cent for turn-off are lower limits. The turn-on rate is naturally much lower as the type 1.9/2 sample is dominated by obscured AGNs due to orientation, which is not expected to change. However, the number of turn-on (27) and turn-off (24) CLAGNs we find are similar, suggesting that our parent AGN sample is reasonably complete in our search volume at $z &lt; 0.1$.
The Effect of Algae Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kazeminejad Shervin , Arzhang Pishva , Baniasadi Mohammadreza Moradi , Hatami Alireza , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the effects of different types of algae, such as Spirulina and Chlorella, on anthropometric indices.

Objective
To conduct a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of algae supplementation on anthropometric indices.

Data Sources
A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to find relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2024.

Data Extraction
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing algae supplementation with a placebo or control group were included. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence were evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, respectively. The random-effects model was used to find the Weighted mean differences (WMDs) for each outcome.

Data Analysis
Of 9079 distinct articles in the initial screening, 61 clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. Algae supplementation resulted in lower body mass index (WMD, –0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI, –0.42 to –0.13); GRADE rating, low), body weight (WMD: −0.78 kg [–1.18 to –0.38]; GRADE rating, low), waist circumference (WMD, –0.68 cm [–1.27 to –0.10]; GRADE rating, very low), kilograms of body fat (WMD, –0.65 kg [–1.13 to –0.17]; GRADE rating, low), and body fat percentage (WMD, –0.9% [–1.62 to –0.17]; GRADE rating, very low) compared with placebo or controls. Nevertheless, the statistically significant effects of algae supplementation on hip circumference (WMD, –0.20 cm [–0.73 to 0.32]; GRADE rating, moderate), waist to hip ratio (WMD, –0.01 [–0.01 to 0.00]; GRADE rating, moderate), and lean body mass (WMD, –0.30 kg [–0.62 to 0.02]; GRADE rating, moderate) were not observed.

Conclusions
Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis indicate supplementation with algae may exert beneficial effects on anthropometric indices. However, due to between-studies heterogeneity and very low to low levels of GRADE for significant outcomes, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024522923.
Cor triatriatum sinister in an elderly woman patient with successful conservative treatment
Authors: Inami Kana , Sugihara Ryuta , Kumada Masahiro , Hayashi Takaharu , Fukuoka Hidetada , Fukushima Naoki , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) is a relatively rare congenital condition characterized by an abnormal septum dividing the left atrium, morphologically presenting as three atria. Although most individuals with heart failure related to CTS undergo surgical treatment in childhood, those with larger fenestrations may remain asymptomatic until they reach an age where surgery is less viable, presenting treatment challenges. In our case study, we report on an elderly woman who declined all invasive treatments and developed heart failure due to severe functional mitral valve regurgitation triggered by atrial fibrillation. She opted for conservative treatment after a comprehensive evaluation of her condition using transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and right-heart catheterization. This multimodal evaluation highlights the importance of accurate diagnostic approaches and tailored treatments for elderly patients with CTS.
Religious Tension and Ethnic Consciousness in the Later Russian Empire
Authors: Marsden Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Russian Empire collapsed because it failed to assimilate non-Russian minorities, and did not provide a coherent national narrative to unite the Russian population. Its religious policies were key contributors to these failures, and this article examines their impact in order to shine a new light on the religious background to the empire’s demise. The Orthodox Church was supposed to provide the means to assimilate non-Russians and offer up the core cultural component for a Russian national consciousness. Its inability to do so became clear in the 1860s–1880s when, in the liminal regions of the empire, Orthodoxy fragmented along ethnic lines. Russians deserted churches for the dissenting Old Believer movement, and non-Russians returned to their ancestral faiths of animism and Islam. This was partly down to an inconsistency in government, which meant that religious repression overlapped with the principle of toleration; however, an exploration of the dynamics of apostasy at a parish level shows that where Russians and non-Russians were compelled to worship together, religious tensions emerged and churches lost their sacred character. As well as providing new insights into how the empire alienated its subjects at a local level, this exploration reveals pathways to ethnic consciousness from below. Ethnicization was the process that separated ethnicity from religion, and places of worship possessed characteristics, most importantly the performance of communal historical memory, that made them into key sites of ethnic boundary formation.
Learning from and about scientists: Consensus messaging shapes perceptions of climate change and climate scientists
Authors: Orchinik Reed , Dubey Rachit , Gershman Samuel J , Powell Derek M , Bhui Rahul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite overwhelming scientific consensus on the existence of human-caused climate change, public opinion among Americans remains split. Directly informing people of scientific consensus is among the most prominent strategies for climate communication, yet the reasons for its effectiveness and its limitations are not fully understood. Here, we propose that consensus messaging provides information not only about the existence of climate change but also traits of climate scientists themselves. In a large (n=2,545) nationally representative survey experiment, we examine how consensus information affects belief in human-caused climate change by shaping perceptions of climate scientist credibility. In the control group (n=847), we first show that people learn both from and about climate scientists when presented with consensus and that perceived scientist credibility (especially skill) mediates up to about 40% of the total effect of consensus information on climate belief. We demonstrate that perceptions of climate scientists are malleable with two novel interventions that increase belief in climate change above and beyond consensus information.
Competitive performativity of academic social networks: the subjectivation of competition on ResearchGate
Authors: Pühringer Stephan , Wolfmayr Georg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper develops a better understanding of the explicit and implicit implications of the academic field’s competitization, with a specific focus on the role that academic social networks and platforms (ASNPs) play in this process. While ASNPs are embedded within a broad and complex ecology of academic competition we show that particularly ResearchGate offers a broad variety of tools for competitive subjectivation and thus can be seen as an important organizer and promoter of competition in academia. By applying a mixed-methods approach combining a structural analysis and a questionnaire study, we examine how and to what extent the platform ResearchGate contributes to the competitive subjectivation of its users. Therefore, we differentiate between suggested and enacted subjectivation. Concerning differences in age, gender and disciplinary background, our results show that ResearchGate is used more by younger and male researchers and especially younger researchers also perceive their work significantly more in a competitive context and thus also tend to act more competitively. While metric research evaluation is assessed as most important in the natural sciences and economics and rather unimportant in the humanities, subjectivation via the use of ResearchGate is perceived higher in the humanities, which are still less confronted with the competition ecology in academia.