bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic osmoregulatory dysfunction during salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus co‐infection in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts
Authors: Long Amy , Garver Kyle A. , Jones Simon R. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile co‐infections are common in both wild and cultured fish, knowledge of the interactive effects of multiple pathogens on host physiology, gene expression and immune response is limited. To evaluate the impact of co‐infection on host survival, physiology and gene expression, sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts were infected with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (V−/SL+), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; V+/SL−), both (V+/SL+), or neither (V−/SL−). Survival in the V+/SL+ group was significantly lower than the V−/SL− and V−/SL+ groups (p = 0.024). Co‐infected salmon had elevated osmoregulatory indicators and lowered haematocrit values as compared to the uninfected control. Expression of 12 genes associated with the host immune response was analysed in anterior kidney and skin. The only evidence of L. salmonis‐induced modulation of the host antiviral response was down‐regulation of mhc I although the possibility of modulation cannot be ruled out for mx‐1 and rsad2. Co‐infection did not influence the expression of genes associated with the host response to L. salmonis. Therefore, we conclude that the reduced survival in co‐infected sockeye salmon resulted from the osmoregulatory consequences of the sea lice infections which were amplified due to infection with IHNV.
Effect of Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality on Subsequent Peptic Ulcer Recurrence in Older Adults
Authors: Fang Boye , Liu Huiying , Yang Shuyan , Xu Ruirui , Chen Gengzhen 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of subjective and objective sleep quality on subsequent recurrence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) among older patients after Helicobacter pylori eradication.SETTINGEight grade A hospitals in China.PARTICIPANTSOf 1689 older Chinese with H. pylori–infected PUD recruited between January 2011 and October 2014, H. pylori were eradicated and PUD was cleared in 1538 patients by the end of 2014; 1420 of these patients were followed up for up to 36 months.MEASUREMENTSUsing multiple measures at 6‐month intervals, PUD recurrence was determined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Objective sleep quality domains were measured using an accelerometer, including sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and number of awakenings.RESULTSThis study documented a 36‐month cumulative PUD recurrence of 8.3% (annual rate = 2.8%). Multivariate analyses showed that participants who reported poorer sleep quality were more likely to experience PUD recurrence during the 36‐month follow‐up period (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.895; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.008‐3.327). Regarding objective sleep quality domains, longer sleep onset latency (HR = 1.558; 95% CI = 1.156‐2.278) and more nighttime awakenings (HR = 1.697; 95% CI = 1.168‐2.665) increased the risk of PUD recurrence. However, a longer total sleeping time protected against PUD recurrence (HR = 0.768; 95% CI = 0.699‐0.885).CONCLUSIONSPoor sleep quality predicts a greater risk of PUD recurrence. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatments should, therefore, be provided for older adults afflicted with poor sleep, particularly for those who previously had PUD. It is equally important to include sleep assessment as an integral part while dealing with these patients.
Cumulative Prognostic Score Predicting Mortality in Patients Older Than 80 Years Admitted to the ICU
Authors: de Lange Dylan W. , Brinkman Sylvia , Flaatten Hans , Boumendil Ariane , Morandi Alessandro , Andersen Finn H. , Artigas Antonio , Bertolini Guido , Cecconi Maurizio , Christensen Steffen , Faraldi Loredana , Fjølner Jesper , Jung Christian , Marsh Brian , Moreno Rui , Oeyen Sandra , Öhman Christina Agvald , Bollen Pinto Bernardo , de Smet Anne Marie G.A. , Soliman Ivo W. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Valentin Andreas , Watson Ximena , Zafeiridis Tilemachos , Guidet Bertrand ,   On behalf of the VIP1 Study Group
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVESTo develop a scoring system model that predicts mortality within 30 days of admission of patients older than 80 years admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGA total of 306 ICUs from 24 European countries.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults admitted to European ICUs (N = 3730; median age = 84 years [interquartile range = 81‐87 y]; 51.8% male).MEASUREMENTSOverall, 24 variables available during ICU admission were included as potential predictive variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of 30‐day mortality. Model sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTSThe 30‐day‐mortality was 1562 (41.9%). In multivariable analysis, these variables were selected as independent predictors of mortality: age, sex, ICU admission diagnosis, Clinical Frailty Scale, Sequential Organ Failure Score, invasive mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy. The discrimination, accuracy, and calibration of the model were good: the area under the curve for a score of 10 or higher was .80, and the Brier score was .18. At a cut point of 10 or higher (75% of all patients), the model predicts 30‐day mortality in 91.1% of all patients who die.CONCLUSIONA predictive model of cumulative events predicts 30‐day mortality in patients older than 80 years admitted to ICUs. Future studies should include other potential predictor variables including functional status, presence of advance care plans, and assessment of each patient's decision‐making capacity.
Serum keratin‐18 fragments as cell death biomarker in association with disease progression and prognosis in hepatitis B virus‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Cao Zhujun , Chen Liwen , Li Jing , Liu Yuhan , Bao Rebecca , Liu Kehui , Yan Lei , Ding Yezhou , Guo Qing , Xiang Xiaogang , Xie Jingdong , Lin Lanyi , Xie Qing , Bao Shisan , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtensive hepatocyte death leads to hepatic inflammation and contributes to systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum cell death markers in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis with and without acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). We studied two cohorts—cohort 1: 201 outpatients with stable chronic hepatitis B (49 cirrhosis); cohort 2: 232 inpatients with HBV‐related cirrhosis admitted for AD. Cell death was determined with serum keratin‐18 (K18) for total death and serum caspase‐cleaved‐K18 (cK18) for apoptosis. Survival analyses were performed using competing risk method. We found that serum K18 and cK18 were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in patients from cohort 2 than those from cohort 1. Among cohort 2, ACLF patients had significantly (P < 0.001) increased K18 and cK18 comparing to those without ACLF. Increased K18 and cK18 were mainly attributed to HBV flare and were associated with liver and coagulation failure. HBV‐AD patients without ACLF who admitted with upper tertile of K18 or cK18 were at higher risk of developing ACLF during follow‐up. Baseline serum K18 or cK18 was significantly associated with transplant‐free 90‐day survival independent of leucocytes, HBV DNA, bacterial infection, encephalopathy and severity scores. The combination of cell death biomarkers significantly improved the prognostic value of the currently established prognostic scores. The reduction of cell death level after standard treatment was associated with increased short‐term survival. In conclusion, measurements of serum K18 or cK18 in HBV decompensated cirrhosis are a promising tool for predicting ACLF and risk stratification of short‐term outcome.
Maternal HBsAg carriers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A hospital‐based prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Cai Qianying , Liu Haiyan , Han Wenhui , Liu Lili , Xu Yunyun , He Yining , Li Qing , Zhang Miao , Hu Anqun , Zheng Yingjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is not clear whether chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy can increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and neonates. We conducted a hospital‐based prospective cohort study on pregnant women (PW) and used an analysis strategy that was guided by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Maternal characteristics and major adverse pregnancy outcomes were collected both from questionnaires and hospital‐based electronic medical records. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were determined. In total, 3329 of the 3416 pregnant women who received routine antenatal care in a hospital setting at baseline, including 346 HBsAg carriers, were available for analysis. Maternal HBsAg carrier status was associated with an increased risk of intrahepatic cholestasis pregnancy [aOR (adjusting odds ratio) = 1.70; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.16‐2.49], premature rupture of the membranes (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.00‐1.89) and large for gestational age birth aOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.17‐2.39). The risk of intrahepatic cholestasis remained in pregnant women with either HBeAg‐positive (aOR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.33‐6.62) or HBeAg‐negative (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI =1.00‐2.32)] status; notably, only maternal HBeAg‐negative status was associated with a higher risk of large for gestational age birth (aOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.33‐2.76). Our results implied that chronic HBV infection during pregnancy may increase the risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes and large for gestational age pregnancies.
Prevalence and clinical features of dual diseases of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: A neuroimaging‐based study
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Kishi Masahiko , Terada Hitoshi , Inaoka Tsutomu , Nakatsuka Tomoya , Katsuragawa Shuichi , Kato Yuuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile dual diseases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are documented pathologically, few studies are available concerning the frequency of dual diseases.AimWe present our data of the frequency of AD, DLB and dual diseases based on neuroimaging, together with the frequency of Parkinson's disease (PD) without dementia.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study (745 dementia and/or movement disorder referred patients; recruiting period, 3 years; prospectively follow‐up period, 2.0 ± 1.8 years; age 73.0 ± 6.3 years at the first visit; 360 men, 385 women; all underwent MRI scan). Patients met the published criteria at least once during a course of disease. We included both dopaminergic denervation in the striatum and noradrenergic denervation in the heart to the inclusion criteria of DLB and PD.ResultsAmong them, total 476 patients met the criteria as follows: 232 AD (48.7%), 91 DLB (19.1%), 29 dual diseases (6.1%), and 124 PD (26.1%). Patients with dual diseases were initially diagnosed as AD in 18, PD in 8, DLB in two, and Lewy body disease in one.ConclusionIn the cases presented, 6.1% of patients who visited dementia/movement disorder clinics showed duals diseases. It is therefore important to follow such patients, from the view point of disease progression and necessary care.
Ineffective esophageal motility: Concepts, future directions, and conclusions from the Stanford 2018 symposium
Authors: Gyawali C. Prakash , Sifrim Daniel , Carlson Dustin A. , Hawn Mary , Katzka David A. , Pandolfino John E. , Penagini Roberto , Roman Sabine , Savarino Edoardo , Tatum Roger , Vaezi Michel , Clarke John O. , Triadafilopoulos George 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIneffective esophageal motility (IEM) is a heterogenous minor motility disorder diagnosed when ≥50% ineffective peristaltic sequences (distal contractile integral <450 mm Hg cm s) coexist with normal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (integrated relaxation pressure < upper limit of normal) on esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Ineffective esophageal motility is not consistently related to disease states or symptoms and may be seen in asymptomatic healthy individuals.PurposeA 1‐day symposium of esophageal experts reviewed existing literature on IEM, and this review represents the conclusions from the symposium. Severe IEM (>70% ineffective sequences) is associated with higher esophageal reflux burden, particularly while supine, but milder variants do not progress over time or consistently impact quality of life. Ineffective esophageal motility can be further characterized using provocative maneuvers during HRM, especially multiple rapid swallows, where augmentation of smooth muscle contraction defines contraction reserve. The presence of contraction reserve may predict better prognosis, lesser reflux burden and confidence in a standard fundoplication for surgical management of reflux. Other provocative maneuvers (solid swallows, standardized test meal, rapid drink challenge) are useful to characterize bolus transit in IEM. No effective pharmacotherapy exists, and current managements target symptoms and concurrent reflux. Novel testing modalities (baseline and mucosal impedance, functional lumen imaging probe) show promise in elucidating pathophysiology and stratifying IEM phenotypes. Specific prokinetic agents targeting esophageal smooth muscle need to be developed for precision management.
A global coexpression network of soybean genes gives insights into the evolution of nodulation in nonlegumes and legumes
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Wang Meirong , Yang Siyu , Chen Shengcai , Chen Xu , Liu Chang , Wang Shixiang , Wang Haijiao , Zhang Bao , Liu Hong , Qin Rui , Wang Xuelu 
Published: April 2019

Summary

A coexpression network is a powerful tool for revealing genes’ relationship with many biological processes. Mass transcriptomic and genomic data from different plant species provide the foundation for understanding the evolution of nodulation across the Viridiplantae at a systematic level.

We used weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to mine a nodule‐related module (NRM) in Glycine max.

Comparative genomic analysis of 78 green plant species revealed that NRM genes are recruited from different evolutionary nodes along with gene duplication events. A set of core coexpressed genes within legumes may play vital roles in regulating nodule environments essential for nitrogen fixation, including oxygen concentrations, sulfur transport, and iron homeostasis (such as GmCHY). The regulation of these genes occurred mainly at the transcription level, although some of them, such as sulfate transporters, may also undergo positive selection at protein level.

We revealed that ancient orthologs and duplication events before the origin of legumes were preadapted for symbiosis. Conserved coregulated genes found within legumes paved the way for nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. These findings provide significant insights into the evolution of nodulation and indicate promising candidates for identifying other key components of legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
Efficacy of a newly developed mouth gel for xerostomia relief—A randomized double‐blind trial
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Ludwar Lena , Hamacher Stefanie , Noack Michael Johannes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of a new symptom‐relieving mouth gel vs. a widely used control gel on xerostomic burden.Materials and methodsThis randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial investigated the efficacy of the test gel (Dr. Wolff Gel) vs. control (Biotene) in participants with xerostomia (n = 32; mean age 60 years). Oral examinations were taken at baseline, and xerostomic visual analogue scales (xVAS), after‐use questionnaires and willingness to pay were investigated before and after use.ResultsNeither gel reduced xerostomic burden (xVAS) after 7‐day application. There was some preference for the test gel regarding taste and healthy gum feeling. After 1‐time application, there were differences favouring the test gel for symptom‐relieving effects between test gel and water (p < 0.001), mucosal adhesion (p < 0.001) and taste persistence (p < 0.001). Overall symptomatic relief with the test gel lasted around 2 hr.ConclusionsNo mouth gel alleviated the overall xerostomic burden. Nevertheless, the test gel led to short‐term perceived symptomatic relief and improved patient‐centred outcomes as taste and perceived gum health. The gel will probably mainly be effective at moments that patients mostly suffer from xerostomia. Selection of a product will be based on perceived subjective differences and their value in the context of the overall xerostomic burden.
Ofatumumab in post‐transplantation recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a child
Authors: Solomon Sonia , Zolotnitskaya Anna , Del Rio Marcela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFSGS is a potentially devastating form of nephrotic syndrome. Treatment of SRNS can be difficult, especially post‐transplantation. The current therapy of post‐transplant SRNS includes plasmapheresis, ACE‐I, CNI, and monoclonal antibodies (rituximab). Patients who are refractory to these interventions have limited therapeutic alternatives. We present a case of a patient with SRNS secondary to FSGS. He did not respond to immunosuppressive medications prior to transplant, progressed to ESRD, and was started on chronic hemodialysis. He received a DDKT which was complicated by post‐transplant FSGS recurrence. A course of plasmapheresis, rituximab, and CNI were administered with some response. Ofatumumab was then given to the patient. As a result, the patient achieved partial remission. Ofatumumab may be a safe and effective option for post‐transplant recurrence of FSGS.
Cloning and Characterization of Luciferase from the Chinese Firefly Lamprigera yunnana
Authors: Liu Gui‐Chun , Zhang Ru , Hou Qing‐Bai , He Jin‐Wu , Dong Zhi‐Wei , Zhao Ruo‐Ping , Wang Wen , Li Xue‐Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLamprigera (Lampyridae) is a small genus with only 17 species distributing in Asian countries. Its larviform females and alate males can produce continuously strong yellow‐green light at night. However, no luciferase gene was reported for this genus and its subfamily‐level phylogenetic position still remains uncertain. Here, we cloned the luciferase gene from one Chinese species, Lamprigera yunnana, by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). This luciferase includes 551 deduced amino acids (AA) with the sequence identity of 71.8–76.8%, 67.5–70.7%, 68.4–75.3%, 77.8% and 59.5% to those from Lampyrinae, Luciolinae, Ototretinae, Cyphonocerinae and Photurinae, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of deduced AA of luciferases suggest that Lamprigera locates outside Lampyrinae, in which it was originally placed in traditional taxonomy. The luciferase was produced in vitro as recombinant protein, and its biochemical properties were characterized. It possesses significant luminescence activity at pH 7.8, and its KM for D‐luciferin and ATP are 61 μm and 122 μm, respectively. It shows the highest activity at 37°C and is completely inactivated at 55°C. It is pH‐sensitive with the maximum emission spectrum of 566 nm at pH 7.8. Our data provide new insights into Lamprigera luciferase and its phylogenetic position.
The Location of Truth: Bodies and Voices in the Italian Asylum Procedure
Authors: Sorgoni Barbara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the role increasingly played by oral testimony in asylum procedures in the years 2011–2013, when the “Arab spring” and the war on Libya caused a sudden increase in the number of migrants entering Italy, as well as a peak in rejections. Drawing from ethnographic cases, I suggest that in Italy this shift was based on assumptions about the scientific objectivity and neutrality of interviewing and translation techniques. I argue that such assumptions fall apart under scrutiny by revealing all assessment techniques (both of written evidence and oral testimony) as spaces of contestation. Furthermore, I suggest that they conceal the sharp hardening of European asylum politics under supposedly neutral technicalities. At times of a perceived “refugee crisis,” the mere assessment of the oral narrative allowed for easier and speedier rejections.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the gastrointestinal tract of fish: biology, ontogeny, and environmental and nutritional modulation
Authors: Lallès Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntestinal alkaline phosphatase is an evolutionarily conserved system that is pivotal in controlling gut and systemic inflammation. Its main properties, essentially discovered in terrestrial mammals, include regulation of enterocyte luminal surface pH and barrier function, detoxication of pro‐inflammatory microbial components, modulation of the gut microbiota and control of nutrient absorption (e.g. calcium, phosphorus, fatty acids). In return, enzymatic activity is modulated by gut microbes, cytokines, dietary nutrients and bioactive food components. Numerous data have been published on intestinal alkaline phosphatase in fish, especially in the contexts of biological development, nutrition and environment for sustainable aquaculture. This review provides a considerable account of basic and applied knowledge pertaining to this important protective enzyme in fish, and concludes that many features of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in fish fit those reported in terrestrial mammals, especially in its modulation by nutrients and bioactives in food. Notably, food intake is a strong inducer of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and is often not reported in publications, thus leading to some erroneous conclusions. Gaps in knowledge, e.g. on enzyme isoforms and molecular mechanisms involved in physiological and immunological (inflammatory) responses to biotic and abiotic factors, exist in fish and need to be considered. Future work should take into account food intake and both enzymatic activities as well as isoform expressions in order to further characterise in fish the important defensive functions of this highly conserved intestinal enzyme.
What's so Sectarian about Sectarian Politics? Identity Politics and Authoritarianism in a New Middle East
Authors: Valbjørn Morten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShia/Sunni sectarianism figures prominently in post‐Arab uprising claims that the Middle East is witnessing a darker kind of authoritarianism drawing on exclusionary and xenophobic forms of identity politics. This article explores whether sectarianism per se is associated with a distinct form of identity politics or if authoritarian techniques involving the use of the ‘sectarian card’ should be subsumed under a broader category of authoritarian identity politics involving the inclusion or exclusion of social groups based on identity and implemented with varying degrees of repression. The article shows how Brubaker's analytical distinction between a ‘diacritical’ and ‘normative ordering power’ understanding of religious identities gives rise to different expectations in regard to whether sectarianism leads to different and more violent forms of repression than other forms of identity politics. Against this background, the article compares authoritarian identity politics in Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, and Egypt, which all differ from each other both in terms of the importance of a Shia/Sunni distinction compared to other identity cleavages, and also as regards the intensity and level of the regime's response to the Arab uprisings. From this comparison five general lessons about sectarianism and authoritarian identity politics can be drawn.