bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition, nutritional interventions and clinical outcomes of patients with acute small bowel obstruction: results from a national, multicentre, prospective audit
Authors: Lee Matthew James , Sayers Adele E , Drake Thomas M , Singh Pritam , Bradburn Mike , Wilson Timothy R , Murugananthan Aravinth , Walsh Ciaran J , Fearnhead Nicola S 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of patients presenting with small bowel obstruction (SBO), along with associated nutritional interventions and clinical outcomes.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting131 UK hospitals with acute surgical services.Participants2069 adult patients with a diagnosis of SBO were included in this study. The mean age was 67.0 years and 54.7% were female.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes recorded included: major complications (composite of in-hospital mortality, reoperation, unplanned intensive care admission and 30-day readmission), complications arising from surgery (anastomotic leak, wound dehiscence), infection (pneumonia, surgical site infection, intra-abdominal infection, urinary tract infection, venous catheter infection), cardiac complications, venous thromboembolism and delirium.ResultsPostoperative adhesions were the most common cause of SBO (49.1%). Early surgery (<24 hours postadmission) took place in 30.0% of patients, 22.0% underwent delayed operation and 47.9% were managed non-operatively. Malnutrition as stratified by Nutritional Risk Index was common, with 35.7% at moderate risk and 5.7% at severe risk of malnutrition. Dietitian review occurred in just 36.4% and 55.9% of the moderate and severe risk groups. In the low risk group, 30.3% received nutritional intervention compared with 40.7% in moderate risk group and 62.7% in severe risk group. In comparison to the low risk group, patients who were at severe or moderate risk of malnutrition had 4.2 and 2.4 times higher unadjusted risk of in-hospital mortality, respectively. Propensity-matched analysis found no difference in outcomes based on use or timing of parenteral nutrition.ConclusionsMalnutrition on admission is associated with worse outcomes in patients with SBO, and marked variation in management of malnutrition was observed. Future trials should focus on identifying effective and cost-effective nutritional interventions in SBO.
Lorcaserin for prevention and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with overweight or obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Hai , Luo Meng , Li Zunjiang , Wen Junru , He Guoxin , Jin Yuelin , Fu Wenbin , Zhou Peng 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHigh body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of diabetes. Lorcaserin is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist which exerts robust benefits on long-term weight loss by suppressing appetite among adults with overweight or obesity. The magnitude of efficacy of lorcaserin for preventing and remitting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among those people remains undefined. Therefore, we plan to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to aggregate data from all published studies with regard to the issue to acquire reliable evidence.Methods and analysisWe will search various databases for relevant trials published up to June 2019. Randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of lorcaserin for preventing and remitting T2DM among overweight and obese population will be included. A standardised data form will be used to complete data search and extraction in duplicate. All discrepancies will be resolved by consensus. The primary outcome will be incidence of T2DM in patients with pre-diabetes. Secondary outcomes will include achievement of normoglycaemia in people with pre-diabetes, remission of hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes, the proportion of patients with weight loss of at least 5% or 10% and hypoglycaemia incident. Data synthesis and statistical analysis will be performed for each outcome with Stata V.14.0.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Results of our study will be submitted to a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019119136.
Exploring the association between sick child healthcare utilisation and health facility quality in Malawi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Lingrui , Leslie Hannah H , Joshua Martias , Kruk Margaret E 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveIncreasing the availability of basic healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries is not sufficient to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target for child survival in high-mortality settings, where healthcare utilisation is often inconsistent and quality of care can be poor. We assessed whether poor quality of sick child healthcare in Malawi is associated with low utilisation of sick child healthcare.DesignWe measured two elements of quality of sick child healthcare: facility structural readiness and process of care using data from the 2013 Malawi Service Provision Assessment. Overall quality was defined as the average of these metrics. We extracted demographic data from the 2013–2014 Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and linked households to nearby facilities using geocodes. We used logistic regression to examine the association of facility quality with utilisation of formal health services for children under 5 years of age suffering diarrhoea, fever or cough/acute respiratory illness, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We conducted sensitivity analyses (SAs), modifying the travel distance and population—facility matching criteria.Setting and population568 facilities were linked with 9701 children with recent illness symptoms in Malawi, of whom 69% had been brought to a health facility.ResultsOverall, facilities showed gaps in structural quality (62% readiness) and major deficiencies in process quality (33%), for an overall quality score of 48%. Better facility quality was associated with higher odds of utilisation of sick child healthcare services (adjusted ORs (AOR): 1.66, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.63), as was structural quality alone (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.87). SAs supported the main finding.ConclusionAlthough Malawi’s health facilities for curative child care are widely available, quality and utilisation of sick child healthcare services are in short supply. Improving facility quality may provide a way to encourage higher utilisation of healthcare, thereby decreasing preventable childhood morbidity and mortality.
Suicidal ideation in relation to disordered eating, body size and weight perception: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian adolescent population: the HUNT Study
Authors: Saeedzadeh Sardahaee Farzaneh , Holmen Turid Lingaas , Micali Nadia , Sund Erik R , Bjerkeset Ottar , Kvaløy Kirsti 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveWe conducted a population-based study on a sample of more than 7000 adolescents where we examined the associations between suicidal ideation (SI) and disordered eating (DE) and its related traits.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsData were derived from two Norwegian population-based cohorts, the Young-HUNT1 (1995–1997) and Young-HUNT3 (2006–2008) from the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.ParticipantsA total of 7268 adolescents (15–19 years) who had completed self-reported questionnaires including items on SI, DE, body size and weight perception were included.Primary outcome measuresORs for SI given DE, body size or weight perception. Analyses were performed in multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of SI was 23.1% in total population. Both girls and boys who reported DE, evaluated their body size asnot‘about the same as others’ or were ‘unhappy about their weight’ had between twofold to fivefold increase in odds for SI; these incremental risks were observed independent of sex, age, body mass index and socioeconomic status. We observed higher odds for SI among boys.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a clear association between SI and DE and its associated traits, in both genders but especially in males. Special attention should be paid on early detection of DE traits among adolescents.
Electronic Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score change and functional outcome in a drip-and-ship stroke service
Authors: Purrucker Jan Christoph , Mattern Nicole , Herweh Christian , Möhlenbruch Markus , Ringleb Peter Arthur , Nagel Simon , Gumbinger Christoph 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDebate continues as to whether patients with acute ischemic stroke with (suspected) large vessel occlusion benefit from direct referral versus secondary transportation.AimsTo analyze the change in early infarct signs, collaterals, and acute ischemia volume and their association with transfer time and functional outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive transfers between 2013 and 2016 for patients with anterior circulation stroke transported from referring hospitals to our center as potential candidates for thrombectomy. Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) were automatically calculated on external and in-house CT using the Brainomix e-ASPECTS software, and collaterals were assessed using the e-CTA tool. Functional status after stroke using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was obtained.Results102 patients with CT scans both at the referring hospital and our center were identified. During patient transfer, e-ASPECTS declined by a median of 1 point (0–2). Functional outcome correlated with the change in e-ASPECTS (decline, n=54) (Spearmanrs=0.322, 95% CI 0.131 to 0.482, p=0.001). The median image-to-image time was 149 min (IQR 113–190), but did not correlate with change in e-ASPECTS (p=0.754) and mRS score at 3 months (p=0.25). Preserved good collateral status assessed at the comprehensive stroke center was associated with better functional outcome (rs=−0.271, 95% CI −0.485 to −0.037, p=0.02).ConclusionsPatient transfer in a drip-and-ship network was associated with declines in e-ASPECTS associated with worse functional outcome. Image-to-image time did not influence this association, but worsening collateral status did.
Investigation into clients’ perception of postoperative physiotherapy for dogs undergoing cranial cruciate ligament disease surgery
Authors: Lafuente Pilar , Alves João , Man Chun Lau 
Published: July 2019

AimTo evaluate clients’ understanding, perception and experience of postoperative physiotherapy after undergoing an osteotomy technique for cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).MethodA retrospective questionnaire was sent to 202 owners of dogs that underwent CCLD surgery at the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017, with 63 responses obtained.ResultsSignificant differences were found in choice of physiotherapy between clients recommended or not by their vets (p<0.01), and between those offered additional information and those who were not (p<0.01). Of those who chose physiotherapy, 85% had a satisfactory experience. No difference was found in choice of physiotherapy between clients aware of its availability and those who were not (p=0.069). No association was found between cost of the service and clients’ perception of cost‐worthiness (p=0.169) or between cost‐worthiness and recovery outcome (p=0.420). A correlation was found between clients' perception of cost‐worthiness and satisfaction level (p=0.03). Clients’ knowledge was related to the choice of physiotherapy (p=0.01), but not to other investigated factors. A significant relationship was found between clients' age and choice of physiotherapy (p=0.01), with younger clients choosing physiotherapy more often.ConclusionVeterinarians recommending physiotherapy and providing accurate information affect clients' decision to choose, and perception of, physiotherapy, in addition to clients’ own knowledge.
Ferroelectric characteristics of Fe/Nb co-doped BaTiO3
Authors: Ismail Mukhlis M. 
Published: July 2019

[Formula: see text] ceramics ([Formula: see text] mol.%, [Formula: see text]:[Formula: see text] = 1:3, 2:3, 3:2, 3:1) were successfully prepared using the traditional solid-phase sintering method. The effects of the proportion doping (Fe/Nb) components on various properties of BaTiO3ceramics were studied. The X-ray diffraction showed that all solid solutions have the single cubic phase at room temperature, and that dielectric permittivity exhibits a maximum, Curie’s temperature at the peak. The ceramics have obvious peak shift effect: Curie’s temperature shifts to low temperature as Fe/Nb ratio increases. The high Fe/Nb ratio BaTiO3ceramic showed also an enhancement of the broadening effect for dielectric constant curve with respect to temperature, and dielectric permittivity peak reflected phase transition from rhombohedral to tetragonal polar-nano regions. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe/Nb co-doped BaTiO3ceramics have obvious enhanced ferroelectric properties and have slender hysteresis loop beneficial for energy storage materials.
Priesthood and Cult in the Visions of Amram: A Critical Evaluation of Its Attitudes toward the Contemporary Temple Establishment in Jerusalem
Authors: Jones Robert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper evaluates the attitudes toward the contemporary Jerusalem priesthood and cult on evidence in the Visions of Amram. To the extent that this issue has been treated, scholars have generally argued that the Visions of Amram originated among groups that were hostile to the Aaronid priesthood. Such treatments, however, have left some of the most germane fragments unexamined, several of which deal directly with matters pertaining to the cult, Aaron, and his offspring (4Q547 5 1–3; 8 2–4; 9 5–7; 4Q545 4 16–19). My study incorporates these fragments into the larger discussion, and in so doing demonstrates that many of the views expressed in the secondary literature require revision. My analysis shows that, though the social location of the Visions of Amram is difficult to determine, we should not be too quick to dismiss the possibility that the writer was a supporter of the contemporary status quo in the temple, given the elevated status afforded to both Aaron and his eternal posterity throughout the text.
Negotiation and Mediation in the Hard(est) Cases
Authors: Butler Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In seeking a fuller understanding of the provision and effectiveness of negotiation and mediation, salient lessons can be gleaned from instances in which these processes seem unlikely to succeed or unlikely to be tried at all. Contributions to this special issue of International Negotiation purposefully avoid mining examples of success stories for correlates. The contributors have instead consciously identified and examined applications of negotiation and mediation in the hard(est) cases, with the objective of teasing out what shortcomings and even failures can tell us about the prospects of negotiation and mediation as practices of conflict management and resolution. Using the criteria discussed in this introductory article, this collection examines negotiation and mediation in international crises, intractable conflicts, civil wars, and other cases defined by complex contextual environments, actor configurations, and disputes – with the goal of revealing insights that can improve the effectiveness of negotiation and mediation in application.
Refining Intractability: A Case Study of Entrapment in the Syrian Civil War
Authors: Vuković Siniša , Bernabei Diane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Intractability is generally associated with prolonged tensions, employment of destructive means, suspicion and mistrust, inflammatory rhetoric and polarized solutions that are usually presented as ultimatums. Existing studies on intractability have emphasized the resistance to solution as a crucial indicator of intractability, and subsequently explored the phases through which intractability evolves and key characteristics these conflicts possess. What is largely missing is a nuanced explanation of at what point resistance turns into intractability. Building on earlier studies from social-psychology on entrapment in negotiations this article will develop a novel conceptual framework of entrapment as a precondition to intractability, and apply it to assess the causes and consequences of entrapment in an escalating conflict using the Syrian Civil War as a case study. The study will demonstrate that resistance to solution, which is a consequence of entrapment, does not automatically lead to intractability.
Historical Analogies and Intractable Negotiation
Authors: Rosoux Valerie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article questions the role of historical analogies in reaching – or not – effective and durable agreements. It compares two emblematic cases, the Israeli-Palestinian case and the Franco-Algerian case, and focuses on the tension that exists between the weight of the past and the need to move forward. The purpose of the article is not to reduce the hardest cases to their historical dimension. It is rather to show that the ways in which the memories of past events are interpreted, misinterpreted, or even manipulated create the context that shapes peace processes. The analysis is structured on the three main functions attributed to historical analogies: representing the unfamiliar, assigning social roles, and framing action. The examination of these functions helps us to better understand how negotiators and mediators can try to live with the memories rather than without them or against them.
Learning from Success and Failure
Authors: Butler Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The various contributions to this special issue reveal three overarching insights with respect to negotiation and mediation in the hard(est) cases: one, the discrepancy between securing negotiated or mediated agreements and actual solutions; two, the conditioning effects of structural and contextual considerations on the bargaining process; and three, the divergent ends to which negotiation and mediation can be (and are) directed. Ultimately, the preceding analyses suggest that, when it comes to the hard(est) cases, negotiation and mediation are best thought of as tools within a larger toolkit, which have a markedly better chance of succeeding when they are employed in an environment amenable to them. On their own, negotiation and mediation cannot be effective in cultivating ripeness in such cases. Rather, the challenge at hand is to employ other means to transform the context enveloping the bargaining environment in ways that are conducive to negotiated and mediated solutions.
Conflict between Children’s Autonomy and Protection in Healthcare. Comparative Study between Spanish and Belgian Law
Authors: Elizari Urtasun Leyre 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article addresses the autonomy of children and adolescents in healthcare decisions, focusing on those ones that might entail a risk to the child’s life or health, especially when a medical intervention is refused. In these cases, a conflict between the recognition of the autonomy of the child and his or her protection arises, and various legal systems solve it in different ways. This study examines this issue from a comparative perspective between Belgian and Spanish laws, taking into account that the latter was rewritten in 2015 to leave out all underage patients’ decisions that could constitute a risk for their life or health.
Acellular Dermal Matrix Mistaken as Recurrence of Malignancy Following Surgery on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Seokhwan , Kong Soo-Keun , Bae Seong Hwan , Pak Kyoungjune , Oh Se-Joon 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To report a rare clinical presentation of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) used during lateral temporal bone resection mimicking recurrence of cancer of external auditory canal (EAC) on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) 9 months after surgery. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 71-year-old woman underwent lateral temporal bone resection 9 months earlier for management of squamous cell carcinoma of the EAC. She exhibited recurrence of the tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT with an intense uptake value (SUVmax 12.8) at the operated site. Exploration was conducted as the location of the lesion was unfavorable to perform biopsy. However, histopathologic evaluation revealed that the lesion was the ADM implanted during surgery. Conclusions: Care should be taken when using an ADM during malignant tumor surgery if the site of surgery is not conducive for fine needle aspiration or biopsy.
Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction following Ablative Surgery for Osteoradionecrosis: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chapchay Katya , Weinberger Jeffrey , Eliashar Ron , Adler Neta 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Osteoradionecrosis is one of many potentially severe complications of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base is life-threatening due to the critical proximity of the pathological process to vital structures, for example, the intracranial cavity, the upper spine, and major blood vessels. Reconstructive options following surgical debridement of the anterior skull base and upper spine osteonecrosis have been scarcely described in the literature. Case presentation and management: We present a rare case of osteoradionecrosis of the clivus and cervical vertebrae C1-C2 in a patient previously treated with chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, presenting as severe soft tissue infection of the neck. Aggressive surgical debridement and reconstruction with a two-paddle free anterolateral thigh flap was performed using a combination of transcervical and transnasal endoscopic approaches. A novel endoscopic procedure in the sphenoid sinus enabled flap anchoring in this complex area. Discussion: Surgical modalities for osteoradionecrosis of the skull base and upper spine are discussed and review of the literature is presented. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the anterior skull base with a well-vascularized free flap following ablative surgery should be considered in management of life-threatening osteoradionecrosis of the area. Endoscopic opening of the sphenoid sinus and creating a funnel-shaped stem is a newly described technique that guarantees precise placement of the flap and is a valuable adjunct to the reconstructive armamentarium.
A haemodynamic concept in the management of superficial non-saphenous vein thrombosis
Authors: Solimeno Giovanni , Valitutti Pasquale 
Published: July 2019

Objective Through the analysis of the haemodynamic model in the development of superficial non-saphenous vein thrombosis, the authors propose a therapeutic approach which is based on an ultrasound study of the superficial and perforating venous system of the lower limbs. Methods The authors propose the development of a haemodynamic model in the evolution of superficial non-saphenous vein thrombosis. They analyse three cases to highlight the importance of venous haemodynamics in the development of this condition and its possible complications, such as the progression of thrombosis in the deep vein system through the perforating veins. Results The evolution of a thrombosis in the venous network of the lower limbs from the peripheral collateral veins to the deep vein can be haemodynamically explained through this model involving the perforating vein system. Conclusions In the management and treatment of superficial non-saphenous vein thrombosis, it is essential to perform an accurate ultrasound evaluation of the superficial venous system, the deep venous system and the perforator system, according to venous haemodynamic principles. This study proposes a new model to be used in the ultrasonic management and treatment of superficial non-saphenous vein thrombosis.