bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEBATES, TENSÕES E COMPROMISSOS NA INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA ECONOMIA SOCIAL EM PORTUGAL, 1974-2013
Authors: Garrido Álvaro 
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo proporciona uma breve análise do processo histórico de institucionalização da Economia Social e das políticas de solidariedade concretizadas em Portugal desde a Revolução de Abril de 1974 à publicação da Lei de Bases da Economia Social, em 2013. Tomando por referência o conceito que o ordenamento jurídico português tem fixado, a análise centra-se nas relações institucionais e ideológicas que se estabeleceram, a partir de 1974 e da Constituição de 1976, entre as políticas sociais públicas instituídas pela Democracia e a acção das organizações identificadas com a Economia Social e Solidária. Apresentam-se os marcos fundamentais desse relacionamento negocial e destacam-se os significados dos compromissos estabelecidos. A análise assenta numa perspectiva sistémica e institucionalista que não dispensa referências ao jogo de poderes e à dinâmica dos interesses. Neste como noutros campos que implicam a justiça social e a democracia económica, o caso português oferece um bom exemplo da forma como as práticas voluntárias de solidariedade e de cooperação beneficiaram muito da institucionalização do Estado-Providência.Palavras-chave: Economia Social; solidariedade; políticas sociais, Portugal; democracia.Este artigo antecipa informação reunida no livro de Álvaro Garrido e David Pereira, A Economia Social em Movimento: uma história das organizações, Lisboa, Tinta da China, 2018 (no prelo).
Práticas sustentáveis para a gestão de metas da cooperflora-cooperativa dos floricultores
Authors: Van	Schaik Lais Mariana da Silva , Germano Mariana Panuncio , Unglaub Delton Lehr 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo visa analisar como o desempenho em termos de sustentabilidade corporativa dentro das perspectivas econômica, social e ambiental auxilia na gestão de metas da cooperativa. O método de pesquisa foi um estudo de caso descritivo e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com nove colaboradores, sendo eles gestores das áreas financeira, de recursos humanos e de gestão ambiental, incluindo diretor geral, gerente de RH, gerente de marketing, e seus assistentes das respectivas áreas; executado na Cooperflora-Cooperativa dos floricultores situada na cidade de Holambra (SP). Dentro dos atributos analisados, observou-se que a organização em estudo adota práticas sustentáveis associadas a esta pesquisa. Na perspectiva econômica existe preocupação em manter um sistema de gestão alinhado com os objetivos da cooperativa bem como seus cooperados e clientes, buscando atingir suas metas. Na perspectiva ambiental, existe um sistema de gestão com medidas básicas que podem ser melhoradas. Sobre a perspectiva social, a empresa vem obtendo sucesso nas ações, auxiliando a comunidade.
Competência intraempreendedora como vantagem competitiva: estudo empírico analítico com docentes no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Brianezi Alyne Bento de Lima , Araujo Karin De Andrade Barbosa 
Published: September 2018

O intraempreendedorismo carrega como premissa a inovação atrelada, predominantemente, aos negócios. O artigo traz como objetivo central uma análise das competências que os intraempreendedores possuem e sua contribuição dentro do seguimento do ensino: docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino (IE). Primeiramente, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica, percorrendo temas correlatos ao intraempreendedorismo, competências e vantagem competitiva, seguida de estudo de caso baseado em pesquisa exploratória qualitativa descritiva com docentes.Tem como finalidade proporcionar estímulos às organizações a desenvolverem seus colaboradores através do intraempreendedorismo, obtendo, assim, vantagem competitiva crescente na empresa. A partir dessa análise concluiu-se que a maioria dos docentes responsáveis pelo processo de ensino-aprendizagem possui a competência intraempreendedora e os demais buscam individualmente ou com influência da organização o desenvolvimento dessa competência. Percebeu-se, assim, a contribuição positiva em relação à vantagem competitiva tanto organizacional como profissional diante de constatações empíricas.
Corn Density Effect on Interseeded Cover Crops, Weeds, and Grain Yield
Authors: Youngerman Connor Z. , DiTommaso Antonio , Curran William S. , Mirsky Steven B. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Observed trade‐off between corn planting density and drill interseeded cover crop biomass.
Effect of corn density on cover crop biomass was mediated by light and weed biomass.
Interseeded cover crops suppressed weeds in the fall and did not affect corn grain yield.
A field experiment was conducted at three sites (New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland) in 2016 to test the effects of drill interseeding a cover crop mixture consisting of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) into organically managed corn (Zea mays L.). We quantified the effects of corn density on weed biomass, cover crop biomass, and corn grain yield. Increasing corn density had a direct negative effect on interseeded cover crop biomass as well as indirect effects that were mediated by light transmission and weeds. At two sites, corn grain yield at the low corn density (3.71 plants m−2) did not differ from corn grain yield at the standard density (7.41 plants m−2). We also compared plots with and without interseeded cover crops at the same standard corn planting density. Corn grain yield did not differ, but weed biomass at the October sample date was 31% lower in plots with interseeded cover crops compared to plots without. Our results suggest that organic farmers may be able to (i) improve weed suppression in corn by interseeding cover crops and (ii) optimize cropping system performance by planting corn at a slightly lower rate (e.g., 5–10%) than what is typically used when interseeding cover crops. Additional research should be conducted across a wider range of environments to determine corn planting rate recommendations that optimize corn yield, cover crop growth, weed suppression, and profitability in organic cropping systems.
Nitrogen Rate and Growth Regulator Effects on Shaded Velvet and Creeping Bentgrasses
Authors: Pease Ben W. , Stier John C. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Agrostis canina had equivalent response to shade as A. stolonifera.
Low N rates resulted in better turf survival in shade than high N rates for both bentgrass species.
Agrostis canina and A. stolonifera responded similarly to trinexapac‐ethyl in shade.
Shading of golf course putting greens often reduces turf quality (TQ). Observations suggested velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L., VBG) was more shade tolerant than creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L., CBG). Our objectives were to compare the TQ and growth response of ‘Vesper’ VBG and ‘Tyee’ CBG to N rates and growth regulator application under 80% shade. The experimental design was a randomized block, strip‐split plot with four replications. Foliar urea N was applied every 14 d at annual N rates of 49, 98, and 196 kg ha−1. Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE, 0.00 and 0.05 kg a.i. ha−1) was applied every 28 d. Treatments were applied May through October 2009 and 2010. Data collected were TQ, clipping yield, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), and ball roll distance. Nitrogen rate affected TQ more than TE application, though effects of both factors were significant in both years. Turf quality differences between species only affected TQ in 2010 when CBG had higher TQ than VBG on 9 of 19 dates. Rating date and N rate accounted for most clipping yield differences. In 2009, VBG had less clipping yield than CBG. Differences in RCI were greatest in 2010, with 196 kg ha−1 N having significantly lower RCIs than the other N rates when compared across rating dates. Nitrogen rate and species each affected ball roll distances. Neither VBG nor CBG provided acceptable putting green TQ at 80% shade. Application of TE and 49 kg ha−1 yr−1 N resulted in the highest TQ for the longest duration.
Maize–Legume Intercropping and Push–Pull for Management of Fall Armyworm, Stemborers, and Striga in Uganda
Authors: Hailu Girma , Niassy Saliou , Zeyaur Khan R. , Ochatum Nathan , Subramanian Sevgan 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Recommending complex maize pest management options for small‐scale African farmers.
Determining effective and environmentally friendly fall armyworm management for smallholder farmers.
Evaluating effects of edible legume and maize intercropping on fall armyworm.
Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Africa is constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors. The recent occurrence of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) a new invasive pest in Africa, has escalated the problem. Push–pull technology (PPT), proven to be effective for stemborers (Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Busseola fusca Fuller) and the parasitic weed striga (Striga hermontica Delile) management in Africa has been shown to provide good control of FAW. This study investigated if intercropping maize with edible legumes can also reduce the abundance of FAW. Six treatments including (i) climate‐smart PPT, (ii) conventional PPT, (iii) maize intercropped with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), (iv) maize intercropped with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (v) maize intercropped with groundnut [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and, (vi) mono‐cropped maize were evaluated on farm in six districts of Uganda in the 2017 short rains season. Data collected included FAW, stemborer, and striga infestation symptoms, and severity of infestation. Climate‐smart PPT performed best in reducing stemborer, FAW, and striga infestation followed by conventional PPT over all the phenological stages of maize. Intercropping of maize with leguminous crops also provided significant reduction of stemborer and FAW compared to mono‐cropped maize, especially in the early growth phases of the maize up to tasseling. However, intercropping of maize with edible legumes was not very effective for striga management as compared to PPT. Hence in addition to PPT, intercropping of maize with edible legumes could also be an alternative FAW management option when integrated with other sustainable management measures.
Swine Manure, Nematicides, and Long‐Term Tillage Change Soil Ecology in Corn and Soybean Production
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Vetsch Jeffrey A. , Chen Senyu 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Swine manure enriched the soil food web in ways that conventional fertilizers did not.
Tillage increased abundances of enrichment‐opportunist nematodes.
Aldicarb nematicide negatively affected nontarget free‐living nematodes, but inconsistently.

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are important crops and a major part of the US landscape. Soybean and corn production practices influence soil ecology, and good soil quality is essential for crop productivity. Fertilizer application, tillage, and pesticide application are foundational practices in these crops, and the nematode community is a useful indicator of changes in soil ecology. Therefore, the nematode community was assessed in a series of 2‐yr experiments in corn and soybean production. Long‐term conventional tillage and minimum tillage treatments were in place at the study site for 14 yr at the start of the study. Additional treatments were combinations of conventional fertilizers (N‐P‐K and N‐P‐K‐S), liquid swine manure, and granular nematicide (aldicarb or terbufos). Manure application consistently and substantially increased bacterivore abundances compared with conventional fertilizers or untreated control, with effects continuing over a year after application. Bacterivores are resource opportunists, so this indicates that manure application enriched the soil food web in ways that conventional fertilizers did not. Tillage also enriched the soil food web, based on increased bacterivore and fungivore abundances, albeit inconsistently between rotations. Aldicarb nematicide was generally effective against plant‐parasitic nematodes but also decreased abundances of nontarget free‐living nematodes, albeit inconsistently. Omnivores and predators had relatively small abundances throughout the study, and neither tillage nor fertilizer application affected these nematodes. In summary, agricultural practices influenced soil ecology, and manure application had the strongest influence among the practices tested, shifting the food web to an enriched condition.
Cotton Response to Residual Poultry Litter: Leaf Area, Nitrogen Removal, and Yield
Authors: Read John J. , Adeli Ardeshir , McCarty Jack C. , Feng Gary G. 
Published: September 2018

Core IdeasA low to moderate N rate is a best management practice after cessation of pelletized poultry litter.This best management practice optimized leaf area, N removal, and lint yield, while reducing input costs.This best management practice reduced soil nitrate levels in the top 30 cm after harvest by approximately 61%.Nitrogen carryover from pelletized poultry litter (PPL) can partially meet cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) N demands. A 3‐yr study determined yield effects of 6.7 Mg ha−1PPL applied in 2010 to 2013 on cotton leaf area, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield. Treatments in 2014 and 2015 were no N (control), residual PPL, residual PPL with 84 kg ha−1N (urea ammonium nitrate) at squaring, and 56 and 84 kg ha−1N at planting and squaring, respectively. Treatments in 2016 were control, residual PPL with 56 kg ha−1N, residual PPL with 56 kg ha−1N at planting and squaring, and split application of 112 kg ha−1N. Applying 84 kg ha−1N to residual PPL plots increased (P< 0.05) leaf area index during the boll‐filling period. Across years, N removal did not differ between residual PPL with 84 kg N ha−1and fertilizer N only (112 vs. 116 kg N ha−1), but was considerably less with residual PPL (40 kg N ha−1). Lint yield was greater (P< 0.01) in PPL with fertilizer N than fertilizer N only by 10% in 2014 (1795 vs. 1633 kg ha−1), 5% in 2015 (1898 vs. 1809 kg ha−1), and 20% in 2016 (1860 vs. 1554 kg ha−1), suggesting residual PPL enhanced NUE. Following cessation of PPL, side‐dress N applications of 56 or 84 kg ha−1appeared to meet cotton N requirement and enable optimization of fertilizer use.
Twenty Years of Riparian Zone Research (1997–2017): Where to Next?
Authors: Vidon Philippe G. , Welsh Molly K. , Hassanzadeh Yasaman T. 
Published: September 2018

Riparian zones have been used for water quality management with respect to NO3− in subsurface flow and total P (TP), sediments, and pesticides in overland flow for decades. Only recently has the fate and transport of soluble reactive P (SRP), Hg, emerging contaminants, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (N2O, CO2, and CH4) been examined in riparian zones. Overall, riparian zones are efficient at reducing emerging contaminants in subsurface flow and only function as hot spots of methylmercury production in the landscape when dominated by Hg‐rich wet organic soils. However, riparian zones do not provide consistent benefits with respect to SRP removal or GHG emissions. Although most existing riparian models almost exclusively focus on NO3− removal, recent developments in riparian models demonstrate the potential for using easily accessible digital environmental datasets to simulate and scale up riparian functions beyond NO3− removal to include SRP, TP, and GHG dynamics. To further inform integrated watershed management efforts, more research should be conducted on how various practices, including stream restoration, subsurface drainage, two‐stage ditches, beaver dam analogues, denitrification bioreactors and permeable reactive barriers, artificial wetlands, and short‐rotation forestry crops affect riparian water and air quality functions. Riparian zone benefits should be discussed not only with respect to water and air quality, but also in terms of recreation, habitat for wildlife, and other ecosystem services. More research is needed to fully address potential water quality or air quality tradeoffs associated with riparian zone management in a multicontaminant–multiuse landscape context.Core Ideas
Riparian zones need to be managed in a multicontaminant–multiuse context.
Riparian zones provide no clear benefits with respect to SRP in surface flow or GHGs.
Riparian zones provide benefits for some emerging contaminants.
Optimization of Soil Washing to Reduce the Selenium Levels of Seleniferous Soil from Punjab, Northwestern India
Authors: Wadgaonkar Shrutika L. , Ferraro Alberto , Race Marco , Nancharaiah Yarlagadda V. , Dhillon Karaj S. , Fabbricino Massimiliano , Esposito Giovanni , Lens Piet N. L. 
Published: September 2018

Seleniferous soil collected from the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐grown agricultural land in Punjab, India, was characterized and the Se concentration in various soil fractions was determined by sequential extraction. The soil had a total Se content of 4.75 (±0.02) mg kg−1, of which 44% was observed in the oxidizable soil fraction. Soil flushing as an in situ technique was performed to simulate the Se migration pattern in case of rainfall or irrigation. Significant migration of Se from the upper layer to the lower layers was observed during water percolation through the soil column at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1, which could be attributed to Se reduction in the lower anoxic layers of the soil column. For ex situ treatment, the soil washing technique was optimized by varying different parameters such as treatment time, temperature, pH, liquid to solid (L:S) ratio, and presence of competing ions and oxidizing agents. Selenium extraction from soil was significantly improved by the presence of oxidizing agents in the washing solution: ∼38% Se was removed from the soil in the presence of 0.5% KMnO4. In contrast, parameters such as treatment time, temperature, pH, L:S ratio, and competing ions did not significantly enhance the Se extraction efficiency. In this research, laboratory‐scale in situ and ex situ treatment techniques for Se removal from soil were studied and optimized. The results provide an insight for large‐scale Se removal and recovery from seleniferous soils.Core Ideas
Total Se content in the seleniferous soil was 4.75 (±0.02) mg kg−1.
Around 44% Se is present in the oxidizable or “organically associated” fraction in soil.
Selenium migrated to lower layers in the soil column during flushing.
Maximum Se extraction was achieved with oxidizing agents compared with other parameters.
A Field Bioassay of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Phytoextraction from Biosolids in a Seasonally Frozen End‐of‐Life Municipal Lagoon Vegetated with Cattail
Authors: Jeke Nicholson , Zvomuya Francis 
Published: September 2018

Managing biosolids from end‐of‐life municipal lagoons is a major challenge for many small communities where landfilling or spreading of biosolids on farmland is restricted. Contaminant removal via phytoextraction may be a viable remediation option for end‐of‐life lagoons in such communities. This study examined the effect of harvest frequency (once or twice per season) on cattail (Typha latifoliaL.) biomass yield and N and P removal under a terrestrial phytoremediation system designed to treat the dewatered secondary cell of a municipal lagoon in Manitoba, Canada. Cattail was harvested once or twice per season from eight vegetation transects, each divided into two plots (2.5 × 2.5 m) to accommodate the two harvest frequencies. Biomass yields were greater for the single harvest (5.7 t ha−1yr−1) than for two harvests per season (4.8 t ha−1yr−1). This was mirrored by N phytoextraction, which was also greater for the single harvest (71 kg ha−1yr−1) than the two‐harvest frequency (58 kg ha−1yr−1). Phosphorus phytoextraction varied with year of harvest and ranged from 8 to 14 kg ha−1yr−1. Cumulative N and P phytoextraction amounts during the 5 yr were 330 kg N ha−1and 57 kg P ha−1. A greater fraction of N (51–91 kg ha−1yr−1) and P (23–40 kg ha−1yr−1) was sequestered in the belowground biomass (11–17 t ha−1yr−1) and therefore was not removed by harvesting. These results show that phytoremediation using cattail is a viable option for managing N and P in end‐life lagoons.Core IdeasSeasonally frozen end‐of‐life municipal lagoon was amenable to terrestrial phytoremediation.We effectively phytoextracted N and P from municipal biosolids.Cattail biomass yields were greater with one than two annual harvests.Cumulative N and P phytoextraction was greater with one than two annual harvests.Greater fractions of N and P were sequestered in the belowground biomass.
Improving outcomes in the treatment of chronic cervicitis
Authors: Savelyeva I. V. , Polyanskaya I. B. , Galyanskaya E. G. , Shevlyagina L. S. , Shirokova O. V. , Gimp M. V. , Florov A. U. , Nikerina N. I. 
Published: September 2018

The aim of the studywas to improve the results of treatment of chronic cervicitis with the help of the drug benzidamine (rose Tantum) solution for douching.Material and methods –76 patients of reproductive age with chronic cervicitis were included in the study. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment were the disappearance of clinical symptoms and normalization of laboratory parameters.Results. Clinical and laboratory efficacy of therapy increased modestly to 86.8%. Insufficient effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the therapy was recorded in 13,2%. The average number of white blood cells was 12 in the field of view, there was an eradication of Gardnerella vaginalis and E. coli. In the whole group, no serious side effects were registered in the assessment of safety and tolerability of the drug.Conclusion. Therapy with a combined preparation of benzidamine (rose Tantum) with a solution for douching, in the treatment of chronic cervicitis has shown its high efficiency.
Interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of bacterial vulvovaginitis in girls with urinary tract infections
Authors: Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Kostoeva Z. A. , Letifov G. M. 
Published: September 2018

In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vulvovaginitis (VV) in preschool children with urinary tract diseases, we conducted the prospective controlled study of 86 patients aged 3–6 years, of which: group 1 (n = 21) – VV; group 2 (n = 20) – VV against the background of chronic pyelonephritis with exacerbation; group 3 (n = 20) – VV against the background of acute pyelonephritis; group 4 (n = 25) – VV with dismetabolic nephropathy. Depending on the method of correction, the patients were divided into those that received standard treatment and those that received combined treatment with the use of a bacteriophage complex. It was revealed that chronic forms of VV prevailed in all groups, but when combined with urinary tract diseases (groups 2, 3, 4), the incidence of synechia of the labia minora was significantly increased. It was established that the number of relapses of VV after the combined treatment is significantly lower than after the standard treatment.Inflammatory urogenital diseases in girls are characterized by a high rate of relapse. The combination therapy of VV, including the use of a bacteriophage complex, improves the condition of the vaginal biotope, prevents the persistence of the infection.