bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF PURULENT CHOLANGITIS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOBILIARY TRANSPAPILLARY DRAINAGE IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
Authors: Gunya Zinaida A. , Rebrov Anton A. , Semenov Dmitrii Yu. , Mel’nikov Vasilii V. , Vaganov Aleksei A. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction.The incidence of cholangitis varied from 9 % to 33 % after the insertion of transpapillary external-internal endobiliary drainage. In case of proximal bile obstruction, the method of suprapapillary insertion of external-internal drainage were widely used for prevention of purulent complications. But it was impossible to use this method in case of distal bile obstruction. The choice of initial decompression method for distal bile duct obstruction (external only or transpapillary external-internal drainage) was unclear.The objectivewas to improve results of primary percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with jaundice and distal bile duct obstruction.Material and methods.As a primary decompression method, percutaneous transhepatic endobiliary interventions under ultrasound and X-ray control were performed in 81 patients with distal bile duct obstruction. External-internal transpapillary drainage were performed in 30 patients, only external drainage – in 21 patients and in 31 patients we used original combined technique (compilation of external and external-internal transpapillary drainage).Results.Intraoperative and early postoperative complications were noticed in 23 patient (28 %). Complications in the group of external endobiliary drainage were observed in 4 (19 %) patients. In the group of external-internal drainage, complication rate was 53.3 % (16 patients). At the same time, purulent complications were noted in 30 % of cases (9 people). In case of using combined external-internal drainage, no purulent complications was diagnosed. In the treatment of all complications, minimally invasive methods were successfully used.Conclusion.Our results showed advantages of the original combined technique due to the absence of the risk of purulent complications, and ensuring transpapillary access at the same time.
Fair Trade and Islam : A Parallel Journey
Authors: Uddin Md. Sarwar , Khan Mohammad Aktaruzzaman 
Published: August 2019

Fair trade is an organized social movement through wider network of producers, importers, retailers and consumers who are thinking globally to promote trading partnership of products, based on mutually agreed upon condition, accountability & transparency, social justice and equity for livelihood sustainability and economic development by creating fairer and better conditions of trade. It secures the rights of marginalized producers and workers especially, in the underdeveloped and developing countries in order to help them move from a position of vulnerability to security and economic selfsufficiency, supporting environmentally feasible, socially acceptable and economically viable production and distribution of Fair Trade labeled and unlabeled goods. Again Islam urges on establishing Adl, Ehsan and eleminating Julum and Haram from trade and business to establish peace and prosperity in the society. This paper attempts to draw a line of linkage between fair trade and Islam. It also has the endeavour to unveil that the guidelines in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah are the roots and indications of Fair trade. Moreover, the principles of fair trade which are focused now have pronounced in Islam long ago. Archive method of study has been followed to conduct the research through pursuing Quran, Sunnah, different books, journals and web materials. A substantial number of researchers have focused issues related to business ethics and Islam but the issue of Fair trade and Islam has got very little attention by the early researchers. This research gap has created proclivity in the present researchers to conduct the study. This paper will be a valuable document in enriching the literature in this field and will create dimensions for further research. Key words: Fair trade, Islam
Analysis Effect of Profitability Ratio, Leverage Ratio, Audit Committee and Public Accounting Firm Size on Audit Delay
Authors: Amalina Nurhafifah , Amelia Firda , Alfatah Wien 
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of this research is to analyze profitability ratio, leverage ratio, audit committees and public accounting firm size against Audit Delay. The multiple linear regression is the most common form of linear regression analysis is used to explain the relationship between the effect of independent variables (profitability ratio, leverage ratio, audit committee and public accounting firm size) and dependent (audit delay). The data samples were obtained from the LQ-45 Index of Corporations which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The data consists of a three years period from 2015 to 2017. After completing the analysis study, it shows that only audit committees has a significant influence on Audit Delay, while profitability ratio, leverage ratio and public accounting firm size have no effect on such. Keywords: Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Audit Delay, Profitability, Leverage, Audit Committee, Public Accounting Firm Size
Strategic Management and Waqf : A Proposition
Authors: Puspa Tiara 
Published: August 2019

These studies build proposition about waqf as become one competitive advantage issue which develops under a model of management strategy. Although there was three step in that model, these study only discuss the first step which is formulation strategy to determine external factors that considerate opportunity and threats. A lot of threats comes from the situation like the habit to give priority into physical needs, ages such as biographical characteristics, investor mindset, government policy, and globalization could be factors that hinder people from doing waqf. Beside that nazir attitude and behavior explained strength and weakness managing waqf. Although these study only describes the proposition, as a basic idea to do next research, but its gives a contribution on how to proof factors that shape threats and opportunity to formulate a strategy implement waqf successfully. Key Words : Strategy, Waqf, Opportunity, Threats, Strength, Opportunity
Environmental Management Accounting with Material Flow Cost Accounting: Strategy of Environmental Management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Production Activities
Authors: Syarif Ahmad Maulana , Novita Novita 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze activities of related environmental costs that occur and how to manage the use of raw materials and energy in the production process. Research methods used are observation, interview, and documentation. While methods of analysis research data using qualitative descriptive analysis i.e., describing object examined through data collected to produce a generally accepted conclusion. Based on data retrieved explains that activities related to environmental management in the tofu production process has not been made optimally. This impact on the cost of environmental management has not been presented in environmental quality cost report which is divided into four types, namely prevention cost, detection cost, internal failure cost, and external failure cost. The results of the analysis in this research obtained information that raw material costs into positive output (product) of 88,74% and negative output (material losses) of 11,26%. This environmental quality cost report that is used as consideration in management decisions related to waste management as well as increased production practices related use of raw materials and energy in the production process as an effort to reduce material loss and minimize negative impact to the environment.
Hydrostratigraphy of the Malmani Subgroup dolomites within the northeastern escarpment (Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa)
Authors: Mndaweni S.S.E. , Naicker S. , Blake D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic Malmani Subgroup comprises of dolomites and limestones forming part of the Chuniespoort Group within the Transvaal Supergroup, outcropping as an arc structure east of the Pretoria Group along the Limpopo and Mpumalanga escarpment. These rocks form a fractured karst aquifer in the area and have a high degree of heterogeneity and anisotropy. The aquifers are unconfined to semi-confined, with compartmentalisation by dolerite dykes being a possible effect (if the dykes are large and extensive enough) due to the dykes acting as aquitards or barriers to groundwater flow. The contact zones between the dolomite formations and dolerite dykes are usually fractured however, and along with any other faults and fractures result in preferential dolomite dissolution and the development of groundwater flow paths in the area. Borehole yields ranges between 2 to 5 l/s and potentially &gt;10 l/s per borehole in the vicinity of large regional fractures or dolerite intrusions. Groundwater from the Malmani Subgroup generally meets the drinking water quality standards for major constituents and it is of Mg-Ca-HCO3 nature. Groundwater development within this particular hydrostratigraphy is linked to potential well field target zones that take cognisance of various surface water-groundwater interaction affecting surface water discharge rates as well as groundwater over-abstraction concerns. Preliminary results have indicated that given a groundwater potential of 44 hm3/a, the aquifer will be able to support abstractions of up to 29 hm3/a if systematically developed adaptively and could be used and managed conjunctively with surface water to alleviate the pressure on the already stressed Olifants Water Management Area.
PENERAPAN REAKTOR KUBAH TETAP (FIXED DOME) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENDUKUNG PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KOTORAN TERNAK DI KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK DI KULON PROGO, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Arifan Fahmi , Murni Murni , Setiawati F S Nugraheni 
Published: August 2019

Pengoptimalan peran ternak terhadap pendapatan dengan menggunakan kotoran ternak sebagai bahan biogas merupakan pilihan yang tepat. Dengan teknologi sederhana ini, kotoran ternak yang tadinya hanya mencemari lingkungan dapat diubah menjadi sumber energi terbarukan yang sangat bermanfaat. Biogas adalah gas mudah terbakar (flammable) yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi bahan-bahan organik oleh bakteri bakteri anaerob (bakteri yang hidup dalam kondisi kedap udara). Pada dasarnya semua jenis bahan organik bisa di proses untuk menghasilkan biogas, namun demikian hanya bahan organik (padat, cair) homogen seperti kotoran dan urine (air kencing) hewan ternak yang cocok untuk sistem biogas sederhana. Biogas merupakan salah satu solusi teknologi energi untuk mengatasi kesulitan masyarakat akibat kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM), teknologi ini bisa segera diaplikasikan, terutama untuk kalangan masyarakat pedesaan yang memelihara hewan ternak sapi. Biogas yang menggunakan bahan kotoran ternak menghasilkan api berwarna biru bersih, tidak menghasilkan asap maupun bau sehingga kebersihan dapur terjaga. Biogas dapat digunakan 24 jam nonstop tidak akan berhenti sepanjang bahan baku kotoran ternak rutin dipasok ke dalam digester. Untuk memasak air dengan biogas membutuhkan waktu 15 menit lebih cepat dibandingkan menggunakan kayu bakar atau minyak tanah. Biaya menjadi lebih irit. Keluarga yang sudah menggunakan biogas tidak membutuhkan pembelian bahan bakar karena sudah bisa terpenuhi kebutuhannya dari kotoran ternak yang dipeliharanya. Menerapkan teknologi baru kepada masyarakat desa dilihat dari aspek sosio kultural merupakan suatu tantangan tersendiri akibat rendahnya latar belakang pendidikan, pengetahuan dan wawasan yang mereka miliki. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan secara terus menerus. Apabila secara ekonomi tidak menguntungkan masyarakat maka aplikasi teknologi tersebut akan gagal. Aplikasi biogas menjadikan kotoran ternak sangat berharga, oleh karena itu para petani akan rajin merawat ternaknya sehingga kondisi kandang menjadi bersih dan kesehatan ternak menjadi lebih baik. Secara tidak langsung akhirnya akan membawa keuntungan dengan penjualan ternaknya yang sehat, lebih cepat besar dan harga jualnya menjadi lebih tinggi.
PEMBENTUKAN BANK SAMPAH UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI DUSUN BANJARSARI TEGALBANG KECAMATAN PALANG KABUPATEN TUBAN
Authors: Rahmaningsih Sri , Jumiati Jumiati , Pujiastuti Hernik 
Published: August 2019

Dusun Banjarsari terletak di Desa Tegalbang Kecamatan Palang merupakan sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Tuban, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Berdasarkan data statistik tahun 2017, jumlah rumah tangga yang ada di kecamatan paling sebesar 19742 dengan perkiraan jumlah penduduk sebesar 98.710 jiwa. Sementara di desa Tegalbang jumlah penduduk diperkirakan sebanyak 4.395 jiwa dari 879 rumah tangga. Sementara itu berdasarkan luas lahan yang dimiliki oleh desa Tegalbang termasuk dusun Banjarsari masih sangat luas sehingga memungkinkan bertambahnya penduduk yang berasal dari luar desa Tegalbang. Sampah merupakan hal yang tak asing bagi semua orang. Baik secara sadar ataupun tidak sadar setiap hari kita menghasilkan berbagai macam jenis sampah. Sampah rumah tangga adalah salah satu jenis sampah yang paling banyak dihasilkan oleh setiap orang. Masyarakat desa pada umumnya mempunyai kebiasaan membuang sampah dengan cara dibakar atau dibuang di sungai yang ada di wilayah mereka. Kebiasaan ini akan sangat merugikan baik untuk lingkungan maupun untuk kesehatan masyarakat desa tersebut. Munculnya polusi udara akibat pembakaran sampah atau terganggunya kebersihan lingkungan karena banyaknya sampah berserakan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Solusi yang dapat ditawarkan adalah dengan membentuk bank sampah yang secara fungsional mempunyai dampak secara sosial maupun ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Bank sampah adalah tempat pemilahan dan pengumpulan sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan/atau diguna ulang yang memiliki nilai ekonomi. Metode dalam pelaksanaan program diawali dengan sosialisasi kepada mitra sasaran yaitu dua kelompok PKK di dua RW yang berbeda. Setelah dilakukan sosialisasi kemudian dilakukan pembentukan bank sampah. Untuk menjamin berlangsungya kegiatan bank sampah, maka dilakukan pendampingan oleh tim selama jangka waktu tertentu. Hasil Pengabdia adalah telah dilaksanakan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pemanfaatan sampah rumah tangga menjadi barang yang bernilai ekonomi yterbentuk bank sampah “Mekar Jadi” di dusun Banjarsari Rt 02 Rw 04 Desa Tegalbang Kec. Palang.
PELATIHAN PRODUKSI GARAM RAKYAT DENGAN METODE TUNNEL BERSIRIP
Authors: Joesidawati Marita Ika , Suwarsih Suwarsih 
Published: August 2019

Produksi garam krosok di Tuban terletak di desa Pliwetan Kecamatan Palang Kabupaten Tuban, daerah ini merupakan daerah yang potensial untuk pengembangan dan perbaikan produksi garam. Luas wilayah produksi garam di desa pliwetan 31,4 Ha, dan wilayah laut seluas 22.068 km². Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra antara lain: 1) Bahan baku yang masih mengandung kotoran dan lumpur sehingga mutu garam masih rendah. 2) Tehnologi Produksi yang konvensional 3) Faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi produksi garam yaitu curah hujan yang tinggi yang dapat menurunkan hasil panen garam. Kegiatan ini bertujuan ini bertujuan untuk membantu mitra (pembuat garam rakyat) dalam mengatasi permasalahnya sehingga solusi penerapan TTG yang ditawarkan adalah pembuatan model tunnel bersirip untuk meningkatkan garam grosok produksi mitra tanpa terkendala cuaca yang tidak bersahabat. Sedangkan solusi lain yang ditawarkan antara lain: penyuluhan dan pengenalan produksi garam krosok dan pelatihan produksi garam dengan metode tunnel bersirip. Hasil menunjukkan pelatihan produksi garam dengan metode tunnel bersirip ini mampu memecahkan permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra terutama mereka tetap , namun tetap harus ada campur tangan pemerintah untuk memberi bantuan dalam pembuatan sirip metode tunnel bersirip.
Philosophical Journal as a Space for Interdisciplinary and Intergenerational Dialogue (The Meeting of the Editor-in-Chief of the <i>Russian Journal of the Philosophical Sciences</i> Khachatur Marinosyan with New Authors)
Authors: Afanasov Nikolai B. 
Published: August 2019

The article presents the author’s reflection on the topic of scientific communication and forms of presentation of scientific results in the form of journal publications. As a starting point for reflection served the meeting that took place on March 28, 2019 held by the editor-in-chief of the Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences Khachatur Marinosyan with new researchers. The event was mainly devoted to the structure of the representation of modern knowledge, a crucial role in which is continued to be played by a scientific journal that should be considered as a special phenomenon of intellectual culture. The operation of a journal is considered from the communicative perspective. In addition to the main topics of scientific communication, during the meeting some relevant to the institutional functioning of knowledge topics were also discussed: ageism, interdisciplinarity, transmedia, formalization of knowledge, international unification and formal indexation of journals. The meeting, which format was unusual for contemporary Russian science, aroused the interest of the professional community. The relevance and just-in-time character of the “dialogical” approach to the functioning of science was evidenced by the participants. The Social Philosophy Department of the Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the meeting, which was attended by the beginning scientists from Lomonosov Moscow State University, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences and independent researchers who do not have an institutional position in academic institutions but are engaged in research activities. The most important conclusion of the meeting is that there are the possibility and necessity of thematic updating of humanitarian and, in particular, philosophical knowledge by the work of beginning but promising authors, and editorial boards should be ready to that if they want to maintain journal’s leading status and keep up with the times.
On the Attributes of Consciousness
Authors: Merzlyakov Sergei S. 
Published: August 2019

One of the main fields of consciousness studies is the search for the function of consciousness. The article deals with the hypothesis of the function of imagination as an attribute of consciousness. In the regard of the issues of the attributes of consciousness, the author analyzes the phenomenon of aphantasia, that is, lack of imagination. Despite the lack of formalized ideas about the function of consciousness and despite the scientific trend of the narrowing research areas where subjective experience is necessary for a normal behavior of brain, there is a tendency to expand the presence of consciousness in the world in the modern Western philosophy of consciousness. The result of this “emancipation of consciousness” is the idea of the theoretical essential closeness of a human being and other agents: animals, artificial intelligence, plants. A consequence of the “emancipation of consciousness” is the emergence of modern versions of panpsychism, which propose expanding the space of consciousness to the world as a whole. However, studies in the field of conscious cognitive processes show that the processes that need the participation of consciousness, according to the standard intuitions, in some cases successfully performed without it. For example, the phenomenon of aphantasia shows that the tasks of imagination are performed in the absence of the ability to imagine. Therefore, it is important to take also into account the theoretical possibility of the lack of the realization of the function of consciousness. This makes it possible to ask a question about the presence of consciousness in the space that is traditionally endowed with consciousness, according to the dominant views in philosophy. Therefore, by approaching the question of the attributes of consciousness, the author demonstrates the limitations of the program for the emancipation of consciousness and offers an alternative solution to the question of the scale of the presence of consciousness in the world.
USING ANCHOR CHART MEDIA TO INCREASE THE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADERS OF SMA NEGERI 1 KOTA MUNGKID IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Authors: Hermawan Adi 
Published: August 2019

Reading is one of the receptive skills. The goal of reading skill is comprehension. Unfortunately, the tenth graders of SMA N 1 Kota Mungkid in the academic year 2017/2018 still got difficulty in comprehending written text. This condition happened because the students have low motivation and the variation of the teaching media. There are two objectives of this research. First, it is to know how great can the use of Anchor Chart Media increase the learning motivation of narrative text reading comprehension of the tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Mungkid in the academic year 2017/2018. Second, it is to know how great the improvement of the narrative text reading comprehension of the tenth graders students of SMA N 1 Kota Mungkid in the academic year 2017/2018 who are taught by using anchor chart media.The writer collected the data by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was the class of X IPA 2 of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Mungkid in the academic year 2017/2018. The writer finds that the use of Anchor Chart Media can increase the student’s learning motivation. The observation and questionnaire results indicate the students have high motivation in English learning process. Based on the above results, the writer concludes that the use of Anchor Chart Media can increase the learning motivation narrative text reading comprehension of the tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Mungkid in the academic year 2017/2018. The writer suggests both the teachers and the students to use Anchor Chart Media as an alternative in teaching and learning.
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: Precipitating factor and Outcome
Authors: Khadka Dipendra , Khadka Dipendra , Shrestha Anil , Bassi S. D. , Bhandari Binus 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy, one of the major decompensating events of liver cirrhosis manifest as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. The main aim of this study was to determine precipitants of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and their impact on hospital stay and mortality.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from September 2018 to May 2019. Patients of liver cirrhosis with signs and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were enrolled in the study. Detailed history was taken with patients or patient's visitor regarding precipitating factors. Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) class was used for assessing liver disease severity and West Haven classification was used for grading of hepatic encephalopathy.
Results: Total patients of hepatic encephalopathy studied were 150. Among which, 114 (76%) were male and 36 (24%) were female. Mean age was 45 ± 11years. Common precipitating factors for hepatic encephalopathy identified were constipation 25.3%, Upper gastrointestinal bleed (9.3%), Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (8%). No identifiable factor was observed in 6.7% cases. Significant relationship was noted with CTP class and grading of Hepatic encephalopathy. Hospital stay was also found longer (≥5 days) among patients having more than one precipitating factor.
Conclusions: Early recognition of precipitants and patient education is very crucial in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients having ≥ 2 precipitating factor had longer hospital stay and higher grade of hepatic encephalopathy.