bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, South Africa
Authors: Du Toit Elda , Lekoloane Karabo 
Published: October 2018

Background: Stakeholders are increasingly concerned whether the companies they are involved with act in a socially responsible way. However, stakeholders like employees and shareholders also have a direct financial interest in those companies and need to be assured that company actions bring forth some financial benefit.Aim: The research investigated one of the main questions surrounding the concept of corporate socially responsibility, namely whether a company’s investment in and effort towards corporate social responsibility results in improved financial performance. The purpose of this study was to narrow the gap in the body of knowledge in relation to corporate social responsibility and its relationship to financial performance.Setting: This research investigated whether there was a relationship between being listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) Index and financial performance. The unit of study comprises 885 company-years of companies listed on the JSE over the period 2009–2014.Methods: Logistic regression was used to find evidence of a relationship between a listing on the JSE SRI Index and financial performance.Results: It is evident that there was no real relationship between inclusion on the JSE SRI Index and financial performance, but there was a direct relationship between the size of a company and having a listing on the JSE SRI Index.Conclusion: A listing on the JSE SRI Index does not have a clear and direct impact on financial performance, but it appeared that larger companies are perhaps better able to invest in corporate social activities and are, as a result, more likely to be listed on the JSE SRI Index.
Extinction and optical depth retrievals for CALIPSO's Version 4 data release
Authors: Young Stuart A. , Vaughan Mark A. , Garnier Anne , Tackett Jason L. , Lambeth James D. , Powell Kathleen A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP) on board the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observations (CALIPSO) satellite has been making near-global height-resolved
measurements of cloud and aerosol layers since mid-June 2006. Version 4.10
(V4) of the CALIOP data products, released in November 2016, introduces
extensive upgrades to the algorithms used to retrieve the spatial and
optical properties of these layers, and thus there are both obvious and
subtle differences between V4 and previous data releases. This paper
describes the improvements made to the extinction retrieval algorithms and
illustrates the impacts of these changes on the extinction and optical depth
estimates reported in the CALIPSO lidar level 2 data products. The lidar
ratios for both aerosols and ice clouds are generally higher than in
previous data releases, resulting in generally higher extinction
coefficients and optical depths in V4. A newly implemented algorithm for
retrieving extinction coefficients in opaque layers is described and its
impact examined. Precise lidar ratio estimates are also retrieved in these
opaque layers. For semi-transparent cirrus clouds, comparisons between
CALIOP V4 optical depths and the optical depths reported by MODIS collection
6 show substantial improvements relative to earlier comparisons between
CALIOP version 3 and MODIS collection 5.
De la furia española al buen juego: los orígenes del "tiquitaca"
Authors: García-Martí Carlos 
Published: October 2018

Los estilos de juego nacionales forman parte de la configuración de la construcción de una identidad nacional en el interior de los países, en especial en lo referido a los deportes más populares. En España, este estilo futbolístico ha pasado de ser identificado con la furia española a serlo con el tiquitaca. Hasta ahora, los análisis que se han llevado a cabo sobre este proceso se han centrado en el análisis de los medios de comunicación como generadores de discursos que buscan reproducir un consenso social hegemónico. Este estudio pretende ampliar el campo de estudio a las prácticas concretas de los deportistas profesionales y a sus identidades y cultura compartida. De este modo, a través de 31 entrevistas en profundidad a futbolistas y entrenadores de élite y a periodistas y árbitros, se reconstruye el cambio de discurso en el fútbol español a principios de los años noventa, coincidiendo con la irrupción del cambio de modelo de negocio del fútbol profesional, para comprender que supuso al mismo tiempo una modificación de las prácticas de entrenamiento y de juego, y que prácticas y discursos se alimentaron mutuamente para modificar la comprensión hegemónica del fútbol en España.
“Fake News” in the Contemporary Legend Dynamic
Authors: Ellis Bill 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Reacting to the recent political importance given to “fake news,” folklorists should make use of concepts and methods generated in the past generation to discuss contemporary legends. Instead of using “legend” (or “fake news”) as a tag indicating skepticism, we should see legendry as a communal fact-finding process found among all classes, including this nation’s presidents. And we should frankly and objectively examine how high political officials engage in legendry, knowing that both promoting and casting doubt on constructions of the news have a political agenda.
Alternative Health Websites and Fake News: Taking a Stab at Definition, Genre, and Belief
Authors: Kitta Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Terms like “fake news” and “alternative facts” are a part of everyday life now, but what do these terms mean to folklorists? In this paper, I consider types of fake news, where fake news occurs, and what motivates people to create fake news. I also address fake news by looking at alternative health belief sites, including anti-vaccination sites, as precursors to other types of fake news and as a way to understand the intersection of fake news and belief. Additionally, I ask that we, as folklorists and folk, consider our own belief systems and how they affect our research.
Pretend News, False News, Fake News: The Onion as Put-On, Prank, and Legend
Authors: Brodie Ian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Onion parodies the rhetorical strategies of local, national, and tabloid newspapers. As its mediation shifted from newsprint to website and ultimately to social media, the cues suggesting its interpretation as inherently parodic grew potentially diffuse, especially as the act of sharing comprises both accidental and creative decontextualization. This paper contributes to a discussion of “fake news” by tracing the consequences of shifting digital contexts, the ambiguity of original intent, and the rhetoric of parody as put-on.
SIGILOS BANCÁRIO E FISCAL NO BRASIL: FUNDAMENTO CONSTITUCIONAL, HISTÓRICO LEGISLATIVO E PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS / Bank secrecy and tax confidentiality in Brazil: constitutional basis, legislative history and judicial precedents.
Authors: Freitas e Meneses Gisela Carvalho , Correia Neto Celso De Barros 
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Este trabalho discute a possibilidade de transferência de dados bancários do contribuinte ao fisco, a partir do estudo sobre a constitucionalidade da Lei Complementar n. 105/2001, que disciplina o acesso do fisco às informações bancárias dos contribuintes, analisando a doutrina, a legislação e a jurisprudência brasileiras à luz do dever fundamental de pagar tributos. Discorre sobre os conceitos de sigilo bancário e fiscal e a evolução histórica do sigilo fiscal no Brasil e analisa o caráter instrumental dos tributos no Estado Democrático de Direito, especialmente pela análise dos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal a respeito do tema.ABSTRACT:This paper presents the discussion about the possibility of bank data transfer from the taxpayer to tax authorities through the study on the constitutionality of Supplementary Law No. 105/2001, which regulates the tax authorities’ access to bank information of taxpayers, analyzing the doctrine, legislation and the Brazilian jurisprudence out of the fundamental duty to paying taxes. First, it discusses the concept of banking and tax secrecy and the historical evolution of tax secrecy in Brazil. Then, it analyzes the fundamental duty to paying taxes, emphasizing the instrumental nature of the taxes in the democratic rule of law, since it must perform the materialization of equality through the identification of the paying tax ability of every citizen. Finally, it was conducted a study of existing discussions of the Supreme Court on the matter.
Do medical students' knowledge and attitudes about health and exercise affect their physical fitness?
Authors: Allen Thomas Wesley , Liang Michael T.C. , Dombromski H. Timothy , Chang Cheng-Ou , Andriulli John , Bastianelli Milo , Davina Eleanor , Norris Scott D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study examined the relationship between unselected first-year medical students' knowledge and attitudes about health or exercise and their personal physical fitness. The 131 subjects performed a maximal exercise test to determine physical fitness by measuring maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max), underwent hydrostatic weighing to assess body fat content (percent body fat), and completed a questionnaire to measure their knowledge and attitudes about health promotion/disease prevention and exercise. Many independent variables were significantly associated with VO2 max in bivariate analyses, but only percent body fat, resting systolic blood pressure, and perceived barriers to health promotion/disease prevention and to exercise were significant predictors of Vo2max (mLxkg-1xmin-1) in the multivariate analyses. The absolute Vo2max (mL-1 x min-1) can be predicted from percent body fat, weight, and perceived barriers to health promotion/disease prevention. Freshmen medical students' attitudes toward health promotion/disease prevention and exercise constitute one of three strong predictors of physical fitness levels and should be determined, along with percent body fat and resting systolic blood pressure, when estimating fitness levels in a medical student population.
Quantifying passive resistance to motion in the straight-leg-raising test on asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Beal Myron C. , Hallgren Richard C. , Reynolds Herbert M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The clinician needs an objective way to measure limb motion in the straight-leg-raising test. A biomechamcal algorithm was used to quantify resistance to motion in 15 asymptomatic subjects. Measurements from a pendulum electrogoniometer and hand-held load cell were used to calculate a moment representing passive resistance to motion. After three measurement trials, significant increases in range of motion (4.7%) and moment (8.4%) occurred. Then, an isometric contraction-relaxation of the hip extensors produced a highly significant increase in motion (8.8%) but decrease in moment «14.3%). A third order polynomial fit of moment per angle stratified the sample into two groups according to their change in moment. Motion in group 1 increased 8.0%, and in group 2, 9.5%. However, group 1 had no change in moment whereas group 2 had a highly significant decrease in moment (22.90/0). The measured change in resistance demonstrated that a simple biomechanical algorithm quantified properties in a clinical test that were not observed in range of motion alone.
Delirium tremens: A review
Authors: Griffin Richard E. , Gross, George A. , Teitelbaum Howard S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Delirium tremens was first identified as being due to long-term excessive alcohol intake in 1813, but is now known to be associated with abrupt withdrawal of alcohol in chronically habituated persons. Recent publications quote an anticipated mortality rate of 15% to 20%. Our experience in the past 20 years has not confirmed that rate. This review reveals that the prevalence of fatal cases is extremely low, with the true mortality close to 0%. We believe that this decrement is due to the increasing use of benzodiazepines to detoxify alcoholic patients. It is posstulated that the benzodiazepines act either to prevent delirium tremens or to reduce the neurotransmitter disruption in the central nervous system caused by excessive alcohol intake, or both.
Teaching residents to write a research paper
Authors: Coleridge Samuel T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Medical writing and publications are important in developing a scholarly basis for residency programs and in providing a learning experience for both resident and faculty mentors. Residency directors must provide the stimulus and support for both faculty and residents' varied creative activities. This support manifests itself in a commitment to scholarly activity (including a dedicated research person), the procurement of available research materials, the establishment of a process or plan for beginning a research project, and the development of a method for rewarding or recognizing faculty and residents who produce scholarly works. Some osteopathic residency programs may need to train faculty in research skills at the same time that residents are learning to write. Trained faculty are better models and coaches for residents engaged in research. Beginning with a fundamental, but disciplined, writing program, both faculty and residents may learn methods for sharing new knowledge or acquiring those skills necessary to critically analyze the medical literature.
The critical nature of debriefing in high‐fidelity simulation‐based training for improving team communication in emergency resuscitation
Authors: Chamberland Cindy , Hodgetts Helen M. , Kramer Chelsea , Breton Esther , Chiniara Gilles , Tremblay Sébastien 
Published: October 2018

SummaryEmergency resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs) requires effective team communication to orchestrate the joint performance of several individuals. Although team simulation training has proven an effective means to improve communication skills in high‐risk environments, the influence of debriefing content on simulation‐based learning is less clear. In this study, 10 ICU teams completed three consecutive cardiac resuscitation scenarios, followed by a 3‐month follow‐up. Control teams received a debriefing on the basis of resuscitation technical skills after each of the first three scenarios, whereas the experimental teams' debriefing focused on team communication. Results showed that although information sharing improved for all teams, communication quality improved only for experimental teams, and these training benefits dissipated after 3 months. The study helps develop a methodology for assessing team communication and highlights the importance of frequent team simulation‐based training and debriefing in emergency medicine that includes both technical and nontechnical skills.
Does alcohol loosen the tongue? Intoxicated individuals' willingness to report transgressions or criminal behavior carried out by themselves or others
Authors: Mindthoff Amelia , Hagsand Angelica V. , Schreiber Compo Nadja , Evans Jacqueline R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPolice commonly interview intoxicated suspects. This is concerning when suspects are innocent because intoxication often leads to a higher risk for impulsive decision making and reduces inhibition. However, the manner in which intoxication affects people's reporting of unethical or criminal actions carried out by themselves or others is unknown and was thus addressed in the current study. Participants (N = 116) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions based on a 2 (transgression: self, other) × 3 (alcohol condition: low‐to‐moderate intoxication, placebo, sober‐control) between‐participants design. After drinking their assigned beverages, participants were asked to disclose a transgression. No main effect of alcohol emerged. However, the odds that participants would report a transgression were significantly higher if they were asked to report a personal, rather than someone else's, transgression. Overall, low‐to‐moderate intoxication did not increase the likelihood of sensitive information disclosure in this initial study, but additional research is needed.
Macroscale Biomolecular Electronics and Ionics
Authors: Amdursky Nadav , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Meredith Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe conduction of ions and electrons over multiple length scales is central to the processes that drive the biological world. The multidisciplinary attempts to elucidate the physics and chemistry of electron, proton, and ion transfer in biological charge transfer have focused primarily on the nano‐ and microscales. However, recently significant progress has been made on biomolecular materials that can support ion and electron currents over millimeters if not centimeters. Likewise, similar transport phenomena in organic semiconductors and ionics have led to new innovations in a wide variety of applications from energy generation and storage to displays and bioelectronics. Here, the underlying principles of conduction on the macroscale in biomolecular materials are discussed, highlighting recent examples, and particularly the establishment of accurate structure–property relationships to guide rationale material and device design. The technological viability of biomolecular electronics and ionics is also discussed.
In‐Plane Ferroelectricity in Thin Flakes of Van der Waals Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: You Lu , Liu Fucai , Li Hongsen , Hu Yuzhong , Zhou Shuang , Chang Lei , Zhou Yang , Fu Qundong , Yuan Guoliang , Dong Shuai , Fan Hong Jin , Gruverman Alexei , Liu Zheng , Wang Junling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCollective ferroic orders in van der Waals (vdW) crystals are receiving increasing attention in 2D materials research. The interplay between spatial quantum confinement and long‐range cooperative phenomena not only broadens the horizon of fundamental physics, but also enables new device paradigms and functionalities built upon vdW heterostructures. Here, the in‐plane ferroelectric properties in thin flakes of vdW hybrid perovskite bis(benzylammonium) lead tetrachloride are studied. The ordering of electric dipoles along the layer plane circumvents the depolarization field and preserves the ferroelectricity down to one unit‐cell thickness or two vdW layers at room temperature. The superior performance of the electromechanical energy conversion is demonstrated by exploiting its in‐plane piezoelectricity. The successful isolation of ferroelectric order in atomically thin vdW hybrid perovskite paves the way for nonvolatile flexible electronic devices with the cross‐coupling between strain, charge polarization, and valley degrees of freedom.
Tactile Chemomechanical Transduction Based on an Elastic Microstructured Array to Enhance the Sensitivity of Portable Biosensors
Authors: Wang Ting , Qi Dianpeng , Yang Hui , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Ming , Leow Wan Ru , Chen Geng , Yu Jiancan , He Ke , Cheng Hongwei , Wu Yun‐Long , Zhang Han , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTactile sensors capable of perceiving biophysical signals such as force, pressure, or strain have attracted extensive interest for versatile applications in electronic skin, noninvasive healthcare, and biomimetic prostheses. Despite these great achievements, they are still incapable of detecting bio/chemical signals that provide even more meaningful and precise health information due to the lack of efficient transduction principles. Herein, a tactile chemomechanical transduction strategy that enables the tactile sensor to perceive bio/chemical signals is proposed. In this methodology, pyramidal tactile sensors are linked with biomarker‐induced gas‐producing reactions, which transduce biomarker signals to electrical signals in real time. The method is advantageous as it enhances electrical signals by more than tenfold based on a triple‐step signal amplification strategy, as compared to traditional electrical biosensors. It also constitutes a portable and general platform capable of quantifying a wide spectrum of targets including carcinoembryonic antigen, interferon‐γ, and adenosine. Such tactile chemomechanical transduction would greatly broaden the application of tactile sensors toward bio/chemical signals perception which can be used in ultrasensitive portable biosensors and chemical‐responsive chemomechanical systems.
Ultrathin Ti2Nb2O9 Nanosheets with Pseudocapacitive Properties as Superior Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Laifa , Wang Yi , Lv Haifeng , Chen Shuangqiang , van Aken Peter A. , Wu Xiaojun , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are emerging as promising candidates for grid energy storage because of the abundant sodium resources and low cost. However, the identification and development of suitable anode materials is far from being satisfactory. Here, it is demonstrated that the Ti2Nb2O9 nanosheets with tunnel structure can be used as suitable anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. Ti2Nb2O9 nanosheets are synthesized by liquid exfoliation combined with topotactic dehydration, delivering a high reversible capacity of 250 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 at a suitable average voltage of ≈0.7 V. It is found that a low energy diffusion barrier, enlarged interlayer spacing, and exceptional nanoporosity together give rise to high rate performance characterized by pseudocapacitive behavior. The observed high reversible capacity, excellent rate capability, and good cyclability of Ti2Nb2O9 nanosheets make this material competitive when compared to other sodium insertion anode materials.
Cycling‐Induced Degradation of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite‐Based Resistive Switching Memory
Authors: Ren Yanyun , Ma Hanlu , Wang Wei , Wang Zhongqiang , Xu Haiyang , Zhao Xiaoning , Liu Weizhen , Ma Jiangang , Liu Yichun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs one key issue of resistive switching (RS) memory, the cycling endurance is poorly understood in hybrid perovskite‐based memory devices. Here, the cycling failure and the corresponding cycling‐induced degradation of CH3NH3PbI3‐based resistive random access memory devices are discussed. The high resistance state clearly decreases with the number of operation cycles, finally triggering irreversible failure in the collapse of switching window. By monitoring the I–V curves for all cycles, a negative set event is observed to be the critical turning point that considerably accelerates the cycling degradation rate. The decrease of |Vset| and |Vreset| indicates a reduction of the migration barrier of iodine vacancies (VI), which accounts for the appearance of a negative set after cycling. The understanding of RS cycling degradation can promote the optimization of device endurance by slowing the defect accumulation rate.