bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgroup differences in public attitudes, preferences and self-reported behaviour related to deceased organ donation before and after the introduction of the ‘soft’ opt-out consent system in England: mixed-methods study
Authors: Boadu Paul , McLaughlin Leah , Noyes Jane , O’Neill Stephen , Al-Haboubi Mustafa , Williams Lorraine , Bostock Jennifer , Mays Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In the UK, over 7,000 people are on the waiting list for an organ transplant and there are inequalities in need, access and waiting time for organs, with notable differences between minority ethnic groups. In May 2020, England changed the law and introduced a ‘soft’ opt-out system of consent to organ donation with a view to increase consent rates. We aimed to learn more about the impact of the law change on attitudes and views likely to be relevant to consent to deceased organ donation between different population subgroups.

Methods
Mixed-methods design involving latent class analysis of data from twelve repeated cross-sectional surveys undertaken from 2015 to 2021 (n = 19,011); analysis of the law change survey dataset collected quarterly from 2018 to 2022 (n = 45,439); and interviews with purposively selected members of the public (n = 30) with a focus on minority perspectives.

Results
Support for the principle of deceased organ donation remained high and stable in the general population (80%) but was 20% lower among ethnic minorities. From 2018 to 2022, an average of 58% of the general population was aware of the law change; this was lower among minority ethnic groups (31%). We identified four population subgroups (supportive donors (24% of the population); unengaged donors (22%); uncommitted donors (46%); and unsupportive donors (9%)). Interview themes included the challenges of discussing organ donation decisions, balancing autonomy with respecting family relationships, targeted misinformation, frustrations at the lack of consensus between community leaders, limited understanding of what happens during the end-of-life care leading to organ donation, and how this aligns with cultural values and preferences.

Conclusion
Implementation of the law change has not been associated to date with any change in public attitudes and preferences likely to influence consent overall or in minority ethnic groups in England. Uncommitted donors may benefit from encouragement to express their organ donation decision, and unengaged donors from attempts to address mis/information, confusion, and uncertainty. Interventions to raise the consent rate need to take account of the significant role of the family as well as wider community influences on attitudes, preferences and decision-making, particularly among certain minority (ethnic) groups.
Medical dispatchers’ experience with live video during emergency calls: a national questionnaire study
Authors: Bohnstedt-Pedersen Natascha H , Linderoth Gitte , Helios Barbara , Christensen Helle C , Thomsen Britta K , Bekker Lisbeth , Gram Jannie K B , Vaeggemose Ulla , Gehrt Tine B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Telehealth has become increasingly essential in healthcare provision, also in the Prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS), where live video is implemented as a supplemental tool to assess and triage medical emergency calls. So far, using video for emergency calls seems beneficial for patient assessment and dispatcher-assisted first aid. However, the EMS dispatchers’ experiences with and perceptions of using video during emergency calls are largely unexplored.

Methods
In 2023, a nationwide survey study was conducted in Denmark, which is covered by five Emergency Medical Dispatch Centers. All Danish EMS dispatchers were invited to participate in the study. The survey explored the dispatchers’ experience with using video during emergency calls, the perception of their own video use, and the process of implementing video as a new tool in their working procedure. Main questions were answered on a scale from 1 to 7, where higher scores indicate more agreement.

Results
Of the 183 EMS dispatchers employed during the study period, 78% completed the survey. They found video easy to use (median = 7) and found video supportive in guidance and dispatch when the patient’s problem was unclear (median = 7), but did not find video suitable for all emergency calls and expressed that complications with the technology was a barrier for using video. The EMS dispatchers were least likely to agree that they choose not to use video due to the risk of being emotionally affected by what they might see (median = 1). When dividing the sample based on EMS dispatcher’s gender, age, seniority, and educational background, generally few differences between groups were found.

Conclusions
Live video during emergency calls is generally experienced as a useful supplemental tool by EMS dispatchers in Denmark, and the greatest self-perceived barriers for using video were not finding video suitable for all situations and the technology.
Optimized production and characterization of a thermostable cellulase from Streptomyces thermodiastaticus strain
Authors: Waheeb Mery S. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Yassien Mahmoud A. , Hassouna Nadia A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA high cellulase-producing bacterial isolate TS4 was recovered from an Egyptian soil sample and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Streptomyces thermodiastaticus. One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) preliminary studies were carried out to determine the key factors affecting cellulase production by S. thermodiastaticus and their optimum ranges. The initial pH of the medium, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), tryptone, and NaCl concentrations were further optimized using a response surface Central Composite design. Fermentation under optimized variables of initial pH 6.0, presence of CMC, tryptone, and NaCl at concentrations of 2%, 0.03%, and 0.12%, respectively, resulted in 3.24 fold increase in cellulase productivity (2023 U/L) as compared to that under basal conditions (625 U/L). Cellulase production was also improved with a 4 Kilogray (KGy) dosage of gamma radiation. In comparison to the wild-type strain under basal circumstances, S. thermodiastaticus produced 5.1 fold more cellulase after a combination of model-based optimization and gamma radiation mutation. Cellulase was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. The resulting cellulase was 1.74 times purified and its specific activity was 4.21 U/mg. The molecular weight of cellulase is 63 kDa as indicated by SDS-PAGE and zymogram. Its maximum activity was achieved at 60 °C and pH 5.0. In addition, it showed outstanding thermo-tolerance as it could retain its full activity after a 12-h incubation at 90 °C.
Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Cancer Registration Information System: 10 Years of Implementation, Challenge, and Future
Authors: Anggraeni Tricia Dewi , Nugroho Hari , Harsono Ali Budi , Utami Tofan Widya , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Indonesia still faces high disease burden from cancer and needs valid gynecologic cancer epidemiology data. The Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (INASGO) established a web-based gynecologic cancer registry. This research aims to observe and report the situation of INASGO cancer registration information system from 2011 to 2021 and provide the most recent data.

METHODS
This is a quality assurance research using nonexperimental design and did not perform data manipulation. This study will evaluate comparability, validity, and completeness of cancer registry data. Information was obtained by registration files, direct observation, and interviewing cancer registry supervisors in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

RESULTS
This cancer registry coded its data according to international standards with many participants and large cases registered. A total of 28,692 cases were reported to the cancer registry. Cervical cancer ranked highest (68.6%) with stage III being the most common found. The most frequent age group at diagnosis is 36-55 years. The most valid basic diagnostic of gynecologic cancer is histology of primary malignancy. The main challenge of the INASGO cancer registry is the lack of data validity and completeness because of poor coordination and financial support.

CONCLUSION
INASGO cancer registration information system has good prospects to provide data information of patients with gynecologic cancer in policy or research matters. Poor coordination and limited financial support have to be anticipated for the sake of this cancer registry existence in the future.
The On-the-Ground Political Authority of the Nagasaki Magistrate in the Regulation of Chan Monks from Jiangnan and Fujian (Mid-Seventeenth–Early Eighteenth Centuries)
Authors: Hongsheng Wu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the early seventeenth century, Chan monks from Jiangnan and Fujian traveled to Japan amid a commercial boom in maritime East Asia starting from the late sixteenth century. After the promulgation of Sakoku (鎖国, closed country) by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1630s and 1640s, Nagasaki turned out to be the first stop for these incoming Chan monks. From 1654 to 1658, the Nagasaki magistrate revealed a supportive stance and demonstrated a high level of on-the-ground political authority in regulating the Chan monks from 1658 to 1692. However, because of rapidly increasing incoming Continental merchants in the mid-1680s, the shogunate tightened Nagasaki trade policies by adopting the Jōdaka system. Around the time when Kawaguchi Munetsune left the position of the Nagasaki magistrate in 1693, the shogunate took a more active stance on Nagasaki affairs thereafter, and the Nagasaki magistrate's on-the-ground political authority fell into decline.
Buddhist Artwork as Political Symbolism: With a Focus on Buddhist Artwork Created in the 920s in Later Paekche
Authors: Jin (Chin Chŏnghwan) Joung-hwan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the utilization of Buddhist artwork as political symbolism during the Later Paekche period (892–936). Despite its brief duration, Later Paekche produced diverse styles of Buddhist artwork throughout its reign. After emerging victorious from a battle in 920 that conferred legitimacy upon his claim to the reestablished throne of Paekche, Kyŏn Hwŏn (甄萱, 867–936 CE) created a stone stūpa very similar in appearance to a Paekche-era stūpa. However, after plundering the capital of Silla in 927 and challenging Koryŏ for supremacy, Kyŏn Hwŏn shifted his political goals and proclaimed a new identity as the rightful ruler of a unified Korean peninsula. At that time, all the Later Three Kingdoms of the Korean Peninsula were based on the culture of Silla; thus, after 927, Later Paekche created Buddhist artwork based on the style and technology of Silla as a cultural symbol to unite the Later Three Kingdoms.
Do You Hear the People's Nonsense?
Authors: Cheng Zhen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines the performance of artistic activism and mass protests in COVID-era China, with a particular focus on Yang Xiao's Farewell, Language and the White Paper protests. The objective of this article is to illuminate the interplay between politics and performance, as well as between resistance and resilience. It seeks to understand how artistic expressions and acts of protest can transgress with nonsensical expressions. Situating itself in the context of postmodernism, authoritarian regimes, and multimedia landscape, this article sees nonsense as an artistic and performative device that transcends mere rational understanding to evoke a collective emotive response. This article hypothesizes that political activism and social movements gain traction and become feasible through adopting nonsense/non-sense. Moreover, this work further interrogates the concept of nonsense by dialoguing with affect studies, suggesting that the subversive potential of nonsense/non-sense may offer a glimmer of hope for political engagement and the expansion of social imaginaries.
Benefits of After-School Sports: A Global Analysis of Pediatric Physical Health and Cognitive Function
Authors: Lim Michelle , Gaudreau Janis , Logan Nicole E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of after-school sports and physical activity (PA) participation on brain health between samples matched on socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network’s protocol. Participants completed four lab assessment days to collect a battery of data on youth mental health, cognitive health, and physical health. Children aged 6–16 yr were included in the analyses and grouped based on their participation in sports/PA outside of school time. Independent-samples t-tests (sports n = 391; non-sports n = 391; age 9.41 ± 2.38 yr) were done on academic achievement, cognitive function, mental health, and physical health (fitness, body composition, PA, muscular strength, and flexibility) outcomes. Groups were matched on age, sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, socioeconomic status, and intelligence quotient (IQ).

Results
Significant between-group brain health differences were observed for executive function skills (sports: 51.38% ± 28.94%, non-sports: 45.24% ± 28.10%; P = 0.03), processing speed (sports: 50.83% ± 27.80%, non-sports: 46.13% ± 27.48%; P = 0.02), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (sports: 0.21 ± 0.97, non-sports: 0.37 ± 0.97; P = 0.02), attentional problems (sports: 59.71 ± 8.78, non-sports: 61.49 ± 9.28; P = 0.006), social awareness skills (sports: 56.52 ± 10.78, non-sports: 53.69 ± 9.95; P = 0.01), and language comprehension skills (sports: 64.07% ± 27.66%, non-sports: 59.80% ± 28.44%; P = 0.03) in favor of children in the sports group. Children who participated in sports also demonstrated greater physical health indexed by daily energy expenditure (sports: 1950.15 ± 476.09 calories, non-sports: 1800.84 ± 469.22 calories; P = 0.04), PA (sports: 2.81 ± 0.79, non-sports: 2.59 ± 0.74; P = 0.002), z-scored fitness (sports: 0.16 ± 1.05, non-sports: −0.08 ± 1.04; P = 0.02), resting heart rate (sports: 79.26 ± 12.16 bpm, non-sports: 81.36 ± 12.94 bpm; P = 0.02), muscular strength in the trunk lift (sports: 9.40 ± 2.77 inches, non-sports: 8.91 ± 2.82 inches; P = 0.01), and flexibility in the sit and reach (sports: 9.33 ± 2.93 inches, non-sports: 8.74 ± 3.15 inches; P = 0.007).

Conclusion
When controlling for important demographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, IQ, and socioeconomic status), children who participated in after-school sports and PA showed better results on several physical, cognitive, and mental health outcomes compared to their peers.
Materiały do bioty porostów Puszczy Piskiej (północna Polska)
Authors: Fałtynowicz Wiesław , Fałtynowicz Hanna 
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of lichenological research conducted in 2006–2020 in Piska Forest – one of some the largest forest complexes in the northern Poland. The aim of the study was to prepare a list of lichens in several interesting places in this forest, including regenerating areas destroyed by a hurricane 20 years ago. A total of 97 lichen species were found in the studied area, including such interesting and rare species as Acolium inquinans, Calicium parvum, Carbonicola anthracophila, and Lobaria pulmonaria.
Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Lingli , Wu Fanghua , Yang Jiaojiao 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of the current review aimed to assess if patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk of stroke.
Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science for studies published from inception to 20th June 2023 and reporting the association between BD and stroke.
Results: Eight studies with 9187894 participants were eligible. Meta-analysis of all eight studies demonstrated that BD patients have an increased risk of stroke as compared to non-BD individuals (HR: 1.60 95% CI: 1.24, 2.05 I2=94%). Results did not change in significance on sensitivity analysis. However, results varied on subgroup analysis based on study location, study type, sample size, and follow-up duration. The effect magnitude was unchanged based on the adjustment of diabetes and hypertension and study quality.
Conclusion: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) may have an increased risk of stroke in comparison to the general population. The results are limited by the retrospective nature of the data and high inter-study heterogeneity which demand caution in the interpretation of the outcomes.
Protocol Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023434365), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10732
How to cite this: Guo L, Wu F, Yang J. Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2739-3745. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10732
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A comparison between transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar thyroidectomy regarding postoperative pain and cosmetic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mirghani Hyder Osman , Albalawi Ibrahim Altedlawi 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Remote scarless surgeries have been developed for cosmetic reasons; literature showed that remote endoscopic surgeries were superior to conventional thyroidectomy. However, no researchers have compared the transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar approach regarding cosmetic outcomes and postoperative pain score. This meta-analysis assessed the same among patients with papillary microcarcinoma, thyroid disease, and small-size papillary carcinoma.
Methods: We searched PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library from the date of the first inception up to January 2024. The general keywords used are trans-areolar thyroidectomy, trans-oral thyroidectomy vestibular approach, scar-less thyroidectomy, remote thyroidectomy, pain score, and cosmetic effects. The MeSH terms “mouth”, “areola”, “nipples”, “vestibular”, “oral”, “endoscopes”, “endoscopic”, and “thyroid” were used. Out of the 389 studies and 114 remained after the removal of duplication, from them, 22 full texts were screened, and only 10 studies were included in the final meta-analysis.
Results: The tansoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach showed better cosmetic outcomes compared to the trans-areolar approach, odd ratio, 1.26, 95% CI, 0.53-1.99. However, no significant statistical difference was found regarding postoperative pain score, odd ratio, -0.11, 95% CI, -0.26-0.04, and central lymph node dissection, odd ration, 1.52, 95% CI, -0.14-3.17.
Conclusion: The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach was better compared to the trans-areolar approach in terms of cosmetic outcomes, no differences were evident regarding pain score and central lymph node dissection. Further larger well-controlled studies assessing operative and postoperative outcomes are needed.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9712
How to cite this: Mirghani HO, Albalawi IA. A comparison between transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar thyroidectomy regarding postoperative pain and cosmetic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2726-2731. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9712
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Quadratic Memory Is Necessary for Optimal Query Complexity in Convex Optimization: Center of Mass Is Pareto Optimal
Authors: Blanchard Moïse , Zhang Junhui , Jaillet Patrick 
Published: November 2024

We give query complexity lower bounds for convex optimization and the related feasibility problem. We show that quadratic memory is necessary to achieve the optimal oracle complexity for first-order convex optimization. In particular, this shows that center-of-mass cutting-plane algorithms in dimension d, which use [Formula: see text] memory and [Formula: see text] queries, are Pareto optimal for both convex optimization and the feasibility problem, up to logarithmic factors. Precisely, building upon techniques introduced in previous works, we prove that to minimize 1-Lipschitz convex functions over the unit ball to [Formula: see text] accuracy, any deterministic first-order algorithms using at most [Formula: see text] bits of memory must make [Formula: see text] queries for any [Formula: see text]. For the feasibility problem, in which an algorithm only has access to a separation oracle, we show a stronger trade-off; for at most [Formula: see text] memory, the number of queries required is [Formula: see text]. This resolves a Conference on Learning Theory 2019 open problem. Funding: This work was partly supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-19-1-0263] and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-18-1-2122].
Coping strategies and perceptions of mental health services among women in South India
Authors: Weaver Lesley Jo , Jagielski Alex , Ningaiah Nagalambika , Madhivanan Purnima , Jaykrishna Poornima , Krupp Karl 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Lack of engagement with mental health services is a challenge for Global Mental Health research and intervention in lower- and middle-income settings. In India particularly, there is a significant treatment gap for people experiencing common mental disorders. This exploratory mixed-method study investigated women’s attitudes toward mental healthcare in Mysuru, India, and investigated what distress copings strategies they used in their everyday lives.

Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews and administered a depression symptom screener with a community-based sample of 54 adult women. Interviews asked women to comment on their own distress experiences and stress management techniques, as well as their dispositions toward seeking mental healthcare for themselves or others.

Results
Nearly 65 percent of the study sample screened for any level of depression risk, but only 5 had ever received mental healthcare. Around 20 percent of women stated that they would hypothetically be open to receiving such care. Yet, there was strong agreement across the study sample that mental healthcare was not an appropriate resource for addressing their own distress. Most women who rejected mental healthcare mentioned concerns about stigma and lack of perceived need or treatment inadequacy as their main reasons. Women described a broad range of coping strategies they used for dealing with distress, and which they reported as being effective. Many of these approaches resemble behavioral and talk therapies used in psychology and psychiatry.

Conclusions
Women in this study generally did not view clinical mental healthcare as an appropriate treatment for their distress. Many already had effective strategies for managing their distress and analogous to existing psychological behavioral and talk therapies. A better understanding of why people reject mental healthcare is necessary for increasing the success of mental health interventions, and for developing new intervention approaches that support coping outside of clinical encounters.