bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging-informed phenotypes of suicidal behavior: a family history of suicide and the use of a violent suicidal means
Authors: Jollant Fabrice , Wagner Gerd , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Köhler Stefanie , Bär Karl-Jürgen , Turecki Gustavo , Pereira Fabricio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe identification of brain markers of suicidal risk is highly expected. However, neuroimaging studies have yielded mixed results, possibly due to phenotypic heterogeneity. In the present study, we addressed this issue using structural brain imaging. First, two independent samples of suicide attempters (n = 17 in Montreal, 32 in Jena), patient controls (n = 26/34), and healthy controls (n = 66/34) were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were compared with FSL. We then reviewed the literature and run a GingerALE meta-analysis of 12 structural imaging studies comparing suicide attempters and patient controls with whole-brain analyses (n = 693). Finally, we explored the potential contribution of two variables previously associated with biological/cognitive deficits: a family history of suicide (FHoS), and the use of a violent suicidal means (VSM). Here, we added two groups of healthy first-degree biological relatives of suicide victims and depressed patients (n = 32). When comparing all suicide attempters and controls, very limited between-group differences were found in the two samples, and none in the meta-analysis. In contrast, a FHoS was associated with reduced volumes in bilateral temporal regions, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left putamen, several of these differences being observed across groups. VSM was associated with increased bilateral caudate (and left putamen) volumes. Some morphometric variations in cortico-subcortical networks may therefore be endophenotypes increasing the suicidal vulnerability, while others (notably in striatum) may modulate action selection. These results therefore confirm at the neural level two phenotypes at high lethal risk with a strong biological background, and uncover motives of heterogeneous findings in neuroimaging studies of suicidal behavior.
Arousal dependent modulation of thalamo-cortical functional interaction
Authors: Stitt Iain , Zhou Zhe Charles , Radtke-Schuller Susanne , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOngoing changes in arousal influence sensory processing and behavioral performance. Yet the circuit-level correlates for this influence remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how functional interaction between posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and lateral posterior (LP)/Pulvinar is influenced by ongoing fluctuations in pupil-linked arousal, which is a non-invasive measure of neuromodulatory tone in the brain. We find that fluctuations in pupil-linked arousal correlate with changes to PPC to LP/Pulvinar oscillatory interaction, with cortical alpha oscillations driving activity during low arousal states, and LP/Pulvinar driving PPC in the theta frequency band during higher arousal states. Active visual exploration by saccadic eye movements elicits similar transitions in thalamo-cortical interaction. Furthermore, the presentation of naturalistic video stimuli induces thalamo-cortical network states closely resembling epochs of high arousal in the absence of visual input. Thus, neuromodulators may play a role in dynamically sculpting the patterns of thalamo-cortical functional interaction that underlie visual processing.
Glycolytic metabolism is essential for CCR7 oligomerization and dendritic cell migration
Authors: Guak Hannah , Al Habyan Sara , Ma Eric H. , Aldossary Haya , Al-Masri Maia , Won So Yoon , Ying Thomas , Fixman Elizabeth D. , Jones Russell G. , McCaffrey Luke M. , Krawczyk Connie. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are first responders of the innate immune system that integrate signals from external stimuli to direct context-specific immune responses. Current models suggest that an active switch from mitochondrial metabolism to glycolysis accompanies DC activation to support the anabolic requirements of DC function. We show that early glycolytic activation is a common program for both strong and weak stimuli, but that weakly activated DCs lack long-term HIF-1α-dependent glycolytic reprogramming and retain mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Early induction of glycolysis is associated with activation of AKT, TBK, and mTOR, and sustained activation of these pathways is associated with long-term glycolytic reprogramming. We show that inhibition of glycolysis impaired maintenance of elongated cell shape, DC motility, CCR7 oligomerization, and DC migration to draining lymph nodes. Together, our results indicate that early induction of glycolysis occurs independent of pro-inflammatory phenotype, and that glycolysis supports DC migratory ability regardless of mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Topological light-trapping on a dislocation
Authors: Li Fei-Fei , Wang Hai-Xiao , Xiong Zhan , Lou Qun , Chen Ping , Wu Rui-Xin , Poo Yin , Jiang Jian-Hua , John Sajeev 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTopological insulators have unconventional gapless edge states where disorder-induced back-scattering is suppressed. In photonics, such edge states lead to unidirectional waveguides which are useful for integrated photonic circuitry. Cavity modes, another type of fundamental component in photonic chips, however, are not protected by band topology because of their lower dimensions. Here we demonstrate that concurrent wavevector space and real-space topology, dubbed as dual-topology, can lead to light-trapping in lower dimensions. The resultant photonic-bound state emerges as a Jackiw–Rebbi soliton mode localized on a dislocation in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, as proposed theoretically and discovered experimentally. Such a strongly confined cavity mode is found to be robust against perturbations. Our study unveils a mechanism for topological light-trapping in lower dimensions, which is invaluable for fundamental physics and various applications in photonics.
Simultaneous and stoichiometric purification of hundreds of oligonucleotides
Authors: Pinto Alessandro , Chen Sherry X. , Zhang David Yu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurification of oligonucleotides has traditionally relied on mobility-based separation methods. However, these are imperfect, biased, and difficult to scale high multiplex. Here, we present a method for simultaneous purification of many oligonucleotides that also normalizes concentrations. The method uses a rationally designed randomer capture probe to enrich for oligos with perfect 5′ sequences, based on the observation that synthesis errors are correlated: product molecules with one or more deletions in one region are also more likely to have deletions in other regions. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 64-plex 70 nt purification products show a median 78% purity, a significant improvement over polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high pressure liquid chromatography (60% median purity). Additionally, 89% of the oligo products are within a factor of 2 of the median concentration.
Translational control of depression-like behavior via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E
Authors: Aguilar-Valles Argel , Haji Nabila , De Gregorio Danilo , Matta-Camacho Edna , Eslamizade Mohammad J. , Popic Jelena , Sharma Vijendra , Cao Ruifeng , Rummel Christoph , Tanti Arnaud , Wiebe Shane , Nuñez Nicolas , Comai Stefano , Nadon Robert , Luheshi Giamal , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Lacaille Jean-Claude , Gobbi Gabriella , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTranslation of mRNA into protein has a fundamental role in neurodevelopment, plasticity, and memory formation; however, its contribution in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders is not fully understood. We investigated the involvement of MNK1/2 (MAPK-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 2) and their target, eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E), in depression-like behavior in mice. Mice carrying a mutation in eIF4E for the MNK1/2 phosphorylation site (Ser209Ala, Eif4e ki/ki), the Mnk1/2 double knockout mice (Mnk1/2−/−), or mice treated with the MNK1/2 inhibitor, cercosporamide, displayed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, impaired serotonin-induced excitatory synaptic activity in the prefrontal cortex, and diminished firing of the dorsal raphe neurons. In Eif4e ki/ki mice, brain IκBα, was decreased, while the NF-κB target, TNFα was elevated. TNFα inhibition in Eif4e ki/ki mice rescued, whereas TNFα administration to wild-type mice mimicked the depression-like behaviors and 5-HT synaptic deficits. We conclude that eIF4E phosphorylation modulates depression-like behavior through regulation of inflammatory responses.
Antifungal tolerance is a subpopulation effect distinct from resistance and is associated with persistent candidemia
Authors: Rosenberg Alexander , Ene Iuliana V. , Bibi Maayan , Zakin Shiri , Segal Ella Shtifman , Ziv Naomi , Dahan Alon M. , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes , Bennett Richard J. , Berman Judith 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTolerance to antifungal drug concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is rarely quantified, and current clinical recommendations suggest it should be ignored. Here, we quantify antifungal tolerance in Candida albicans isolates as the fraction of growth above the MIC, and find that it is distinct from susceptibility/resistance. Instead, tolerance is due to the slow growth of subpopulations of cells that overcome drug stress more efficiently than the rest of the population, and correlates inversely with intracellular drug accumulation. Many adjuvant drugs used in combination with fluconazole, a widely used fungistatic drug, reduce tolerance without affecting resistance. Accordingly, in an invertebrate infection model, adjuvant combination therapy is more effective than fluconazole in treating infections with highly tolerant isolates and does not affect infections with low tolerance isolates. Furthermore, isolates recovered from immunocompetent patients with persistent candidemia display higher tolerance than isolates readily cleared by fluconazole. Thus, tolerance correlates with, and may help predict, patient responses to fluconazole therapy.
Elucidating the genetic basis of social interaction and isolation
Authors: Day Felix R. , Ong Ken K. , Perry John R. B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe negative impacts of social isolation and loneliness on health are well documented. However, little is known about their possible biological determinants. In up to 452,302 UK Biobank study participants, we perform genome-wide association study analyses for loneliness and regular participation in social activities. We identify 15 genomic loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for loneliness, and demonstrate a likely causal association between adiposity and increased susceptibility to loneliness and depressive symptoms. Further loci were identified for regular attendance at a sports club or gym (N = 6 loci), pub or social club (N = 13) or religious group (N = 18). Across these traits there was strong enrichment for genes expressed in brain regions that control emotional expression and behaviour. We demonstrate aetiological mechanisms specific to each trait, in addition to identifying loci that are pleiotropic across multiple complex traits. Further study of these traits may identify novel modifiable risk factors associated with social withdrawal and isolation.
Materials informatics for self-assembly of functionalized organic precursors on metal surfaces
Authors: Packwood Daniel M. , Hitosugi Taro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBottom-up fabrication via on-surface molecular self-assembly is a way to create defect-free, low-dimensional nanomaterials. For bottom-up fabrication to succeed, precursor molecules which correctly assemble into the target structure must be first identified. Here we present an informatics technique which connects self-assembled structures with particular chemical properties of the precursor molecules. Application of this method produces a visual output (a dendrogram) that functions much like the periodic table, but whereas the periodic table puts atoms into categories according to the way in which they bond to each other, the dendrogram put molecules into categories according to the way in which they arrange in a self-assembled structure. By applying this method to the case of functionalized bianthracene precursors adsorbed to copper(111), we identify the functional groups needed to assemble one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional tilings, and other shapes. This methodology can therefore help to identify appropriate precursor molecules for forming target nanomaterials via bottom-up fabrication.
Integrating educational knowledge: reactivation of prior knowledge during educational learning enhances memory integration
Authors: van Kesteren Marlieke Tina Renée , Krabbendam Lydia , Meeter Martijn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn everyday life and in education, we continuously build and structure our knowledge. Successful knowledge construction is suggested to happen through reactivation of previously learned information during new learning. This reactivation is presumed to lead to integration of old and new memories and strengthen long-term retention. Additionally, congruency with prior knowledge is shown to enhance subsequent memory. However, it is unknown how subjective reactivation and congruency jointly influence learning in an educational context. In two experiments, we investigated this question using an AB-AC inference paradigm where students were asked to first study an AB (word-picture) and then an AC-association (word-description). BC-associations were either congruent or incongruent and were linked by a common, unknown word (A). During AC-learning, participants were instructed to actively reactivate B (the picture) and report their subjective reactivation strength. Participants were first-year university students studying either psychology or family studies and the stimuli consisted of new information from their curricula. We expected that both reactivation and congruency would enhance subsequent associative memory for the inferred BC-association. This was assessed by cueing participants with C (the description) and asking to freely describe the associated picture. Results show a significant enhancement of both B-reactivation and congruency on associative memory scores in both experiments. Additionally, subjective meta-memory measures exhibited the same effect. These outcomes, showing beneficial effects of both reactivation and congruency on memory formation, can be of interest to educational practice, where effectively building knowledge through reactivation is imperative for success.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of hard Acrocomia mexicana fruit shell
Authors: Flores-Johnson E. A. , Carrillo J. G. , Zhai C. , Gamboa R. A. , Gan Y. , Shen L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFruit and nut shells can exhibit high hardness and toughness. In the peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico, the fruit of the Cocoyol palm tree (Acrocomia mexicana) is well known to be very difficult to break. Its hardness has been documented since the 1500 s, and is even mentioned in the popular Maya legend The Dwarf of Uxmal. However, until now, no scientific studies quantifying the mechanical performance of the Cocoyol endocarp has been found in the literature to prove or disprove that this fruit shell is indeed “very hard”. Here we report the mechanical properties, microstructure and hardness of this material. The mechanical measurements showed compressive strength values of up to ~150 and ~250 MPa under quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions, respectively, and microhardness of up to ~0.36 GPa. Our findings reveal a complex hierarchical structure showing that the Cocoyol shell is a functionally graded material with distinctive layers along the radial directions. These findings demonstrate that structure-property relationships make this material hard and tough. The mechanical results and the microstructure presented herein encourage designing new types of bioinspired superior synthetic materials.
High fidelity visualization of multiscale dynamics of laser-induced bubbles in liquids containing gold nanoparticles
Authors: Bhuyan Manoj K. , Soleilhac Antonin , Somayaji Madhura , Itina Tatiana E. , Antoine Rodolphe , Stoian Razvan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCavitation in pure liquids and in liquids containing nanoparticles enables applications in mechanics, bio-medicine, and energy. Its evolution carries a significant interest. We describe the multiscale dynamic evolution of ultrafast-laser-induced cavitation in pure and gold-nanoparticles-doped liquids in one-dimensional geometries induced by non-diffractive ultrashort Bessel-Gauss laser beams. Covering the complete electronic and thermomechanical cycle, from the early plasma phase to bubble cavitation and collapse on ms timescales, we reconstitute, using time-resolved imaging with amplitude and phase sensitivity, the hydrodynamic phenomena concurring to bubble evolution. We indicate geometry-specific instabilities accompanying the collapse. The insertion of gold nanoparticles of 200 nm size has subtle effects in the process energetics. Albeit a moderate field enhancement minimizing the contribution to breakdown, the nanoparticles play a role in the overall relaxation dynamics of bubbles. The evolving bubble border in nanoparticles-containing liquids create a snow-plough effect that sweeps the nanoparticles at the gas liquid interface. This indicates that during the macroscopic cavity development, the nanoparticles were removed from the interaction region and dragged by the hydrodynamic movement. We thus shed light on the evolution of cavitation bubbles not triggered but perturbed by the presence of nanoparticles.
A comparison of the effects of agricultural pesticide uses on peripheral nerve conduction in China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Yiduo , Hu Ruifa , Huang Jikun , Huang Xusheng , Li Yifan , Yin Yanhong , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvidence on the adverse effects of agricultural pesticide use by farmers under the actual field conditions on their peripheral nerve conduction in China is limited. This study was to investigate the association of agricultural pesticide use with the abnormalities of farmers’ peripheral nerve conduction based on two rounds of conventional nerve conduction studies. The level of pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring total amount of pesticides used by farmers in 2012. The logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were performed on a cohort study of 218 farmers. Results show that agricultural use of neither glyphosate nor non-glyphosate herbicides was not found to induce the abnormalities of farmers’ peripheral nerve conduction. However, agricultural use of organophosphorus compounds was significantly associated with increased risk of demylination disease of peripheral nerve conduction described by the reduced velocity. Moreover, the use of organonitrogen compounds by farmers would not only increase risk of demylination disease but axonal damages described by the reduced amplitude. By contrast, agricultural uses of organosulfur and pyrethroid compounds would not induce the abnormalities of farmers’ peripheral nerve conduction. The findings demonstrated the importance of developing health-friendly pesticides to replace organophosphorus and organonitrogen insecticides and fungicides in China.
Temperature-dependent virus lifecycle choices may reveal and predict facets of the biology of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Egilmez Halil I. , Morozov Andrew Yu. , Clokie Martha R. J. , Shan Jinyu , Letarov Andrey , Galyov Edouard E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMelioidosis, a serious illness caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, results in up to 40% fatality in infected patients. The pathogen is found in tropical water and soil. Recent findings demonstrated that bacterial numbers can be regulated by a novel clade of phages that are abundant in soil and water. These phages differentially infect their bacterial hosts causing lysis at high temperatures and lysogeny at lower temperatures. Thus seasonal and daily temperature variations would cause switches in phage-bacteria interactions. We developed mathematical models using realistic parameters to explore the impact of phages on B. pseudomallei populations in the surface water of rice fields over time and under seasonally changing environmental conditions. Historical records were used to provide UV radiation levels and temperature for two Thailand provinces. The models predict seasonal variation of phage-free bacterial numbers correlates with the higher risk of melioidosis acquisition during the “warm and wet” season. We find that enrichment of the environment may lead to irregular large amplitude pulses of bacterial numbers that could significantly increase the probability of disease acquisition. Our results suggest that the phages may regulate B. pseudomallei populations throughout the seasons, and these data can potentially help improve the melioidosis prevention efforts in Southeast Asia.
Comparison of multi-lineage differentiation of hiPSCs reveals novel miRNAs that regulate lineage specification
Authors: Li Lu , Miu Kai-Kei , Gu Shen , Cheung Hoi-Hung , Chan Wai-Yee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be crucial players in governing the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Despite their utter importance, identifying key lineage specifiers among the myriads of expressed miRNAs remains challenging. We believe that the current practice in mining miRNA specifiers via delineating dynamic fold-changes only is inadequate. Our study, therefore, provides evidence to pronounce “lineage specificity” as another important attribute to qualify for these lineage specifiers. Adopted hiPSCs were differentiated into representative lineages (hepatic, nephric and neuronal) over all three germ layers whilst the depicted miRNA expression changes compiled into an integrated atlas. We demonstrated inter-lineage analysis shall aid in the identification of key miRNAs with lineage-specificity, while these shortlisted candidates were collectively known as “lineage-specific miRNAs”. Subsequently, we followed through the fold-changes along differentiation via computational analysis to identify miR-192 and miR-372-3p, respectively, as representative candidate key miRNAs for the hepatic and nephric lineages. Indeed, functional characterization validated that miR-192 and miR-372-3p regulate lineage differentiation via modulation of the expressions of lineage-specific genes. In summary, our presented miRNA atlas is a resourceful ore for the mining of key miRNAs responsible for lineage specification.