bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Cost Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tomaskova Hana , Kopecky Martin , Maresova Petra 
Published: September 2019

Summary: Determining the cost of healthcare and social care for patients is a crucial issue for many parties; therefore, both public and private payments play a decisive role in patient care. The article deals with the analysis of the possibilities of the simulation of costs related to Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is highly variable, and the cost items vary considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to use simulation methods. The results of simulation models can then be implemented in sophisticated methods working with activity costs. Findings: Models for health and social care are specific. No significant re-engineering is expected in this area, so the models must be unambiguous and easy to understand for all representatives involved. Modeling of business processes is thus a suitable means for analysis in this area. The process cost calculation is built on two simulation models. The first model is the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), the results of which are verified in the system dynamics model created in the stock and flow diagram. The simulations results give us appropriate values for calculating the total activity-based costs of AD. Applications: The practical part of this article deals with the identification of costs related to Alzheimer’s disease and their allocation concerning remedies. Based on this information, models for Alzheimer’s disease process cost management are developed. Results: The BPMN simulation was performed for 100 passes through a fixed-length phase process. The duration of each phase was set at 48, 108, and 40 months. Five simulations were set up, each Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score set, which affected the passage through the process. Software Stella Professional was used for simulations for constant MMSE score values for the home and facility options. The values are as follows: MMSE 5 = 1331 . 26 € ( 1627 . 72 € ); MMSE 15 = 1202 . 72 € ( 1102 . 02 € ); MMSE 25 = 1051 . 24 € ( 848 . 91 € ). Conclusions: Both AD models created in this article produce comparable results, although each of them works on a different principle. The results are based on the selection of original data, and at the same time, these models point to the processes and subprocesses that lead to the costs. The description, specifications, and possible values of partial costs are crucial knowledge for persons in the management functions of public administration and self-government in the area of finance and management not in the field of specific diseases.
The effect of nickel-contamination, nitrogen-supply and liming on the chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Sipos Marianna 
Published: September 2019

Plant-production is determined by many production-factors. Each of these factors became subject of research-works through the years, still we state, that studying their interaction is even more important. For studying these interactions we set up a potexperiment, within that the direct effect and the interactions of four factors was inspected: soil, nitrogen-supply, nickel-loading and liming. Experiments were carried out on two soil types with extremely different characters: one was a chernozem soil with good fertility and buffering capacity, the other was a shifting sand soil with low humus-content and buffering capacity. Nitrogensupply and liming was added on two levels, while nickel on three within 12 combinations on each soil types. Plant production was cut two times within the vegetation period. The amount of production and dry matter was weighted, fractured and their element-content was measured by an ICP-detector.Ca-content on the shifting sand soil was determined by all three factors, however the interaction between nickel-loading and liming was also significant. Nitrogen and liming increased Cauptake, that is due to appropriate nutrient-supply and improvement of a better pH-value. On the chernozem soil nitrogen and CaCO3 also increased the Ca-content. This is caused by a better nutrient supply and a higher amount of available Ca-ions.On the shifting sand soil nickel content was increasing parallel to higher nitrogen-dosages. In presence of higher nickelamount the nickel-content of plants was also increasing, still according to liming, this increment was different. On the chernozem soil nitrogen a nickel increased Ni-uptake. However, liming also had a positive effect on Ni-content, that can be explained by the high amount on colloids in the soil, the adsorption of Ni-ions on them and in presence of liming material the replacement of Ca-and Ni-ions. The potassium-content on the shifting sand soil was different in each liming-combination. In combinations without nickel the potassium-content of limed and not limed combinations was on the same level. In not limed combinations by adding nickel potassiumcontent was increasing, while in limed combinations no change was observed. On the chernozem soil by adding liming material the amount of uptaken potassium was decreasing, that is due to the antagonism between Ca- and K-ions.
PERAN ACCOUNT OFFICER DALAM MANAJEMEN PEMBIAYAAN DI BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH DAYA ARTHA MENTARI PANDAAN PASURUAN
Authors: Nur Lailatus Sya’adah  , Aslikhah  
Published: September 2019

In the current era of globalization era , more and more Islamic financial institutions are experiencing very rapid development, especially among Muslim and non-Muslim communities. In Islamic banking, there are various kinds of financial institutions including sharia commercial banks, sharia business units, and BPRS . One of the financial institutions that we will examine is PT. Bank Syariah Daya Artha Mentari Pandaan, which is an Islamic financial institution that is Islamic in nature and is in line with its mission to mobilize funds so that it can be reached by the lower and middle classes to develop employment opportunities, organize funds so that they can grow and develop well in people's lives and state development. BPRS Daya Artha Mentari Branch Pandaan has a variety of products, especially in terms of financing (lending) and funding (funding).In carrying out a financing of PT. BPRS Daya Artha Mentari Pandaan is carried out by an Account Officer who plays a role in managing financing, namely from the beginning of the submission of funds, disbursement, supervision and settlement of financing. And in a financial institution there is usually a financing that has problems both low and heavy levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Account Officer in financing management at the BPRS Daya Artha Mentari Pandaan. Data collection in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. The location of the research was carried out at PT. BPRS Daya Artha Mentari Pandaan, concluded that the role of an Account Officer in financing management is to carry out the financing process that occurs at PT. BPRS Daya Artha Mentari Pandaan starts from submission, completes financing memo, submits complete requirements (in the form of BPKB guarantee, photocopy of BPKB guarantee, copy of KK, photocopy of marriage certificate, photocopy of STNK, photocopy of SHM certificate) then survey by Account Officer , submitted to the Director, and the last is disbursement. And the Account Officer strategy to overcome the risk of problematic financing is to do rescheduling, give summons when the customer has not paid installments for 3 months, the summons will be given up to the next 3 months and make collateral withdrawals as stated in the contract.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Hasil Observasi Menggunakan Teknik Pohon Faktor Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas X SMA Nu Al Fudloli Ganjaran Gondanglegi Malang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: M. Mujtaba  , Yusron Yusuf  
Published: September 2019

Writing is one of the language skills used to communicate indirectly. Writing skills cannot come automatically without regular practice. Based on observation, writing is a difficult activity for some students. This can be seen in the learning activities of writing observations in class X of Al Fudloli NU high school which is still lacking. The use of the factor tree technique is one technique whose implementation is the same as the spider web technique. The technique is only to write the main ideas or keywords to be developed into written observations in the form of paragraphs. The application of this technique begins with dividing groups, assigning each group to make observations outside the classroom, and developing the results in the classroom. The purpose of this research are: (1) describe the results of writing observations of class X students of Al Fudloli NU High School, (2) describe the application of factor tree learning techniques in writing observations, and (3) describe student learning outcomes in writing observations using factor tree techniques in Indonesian subjects in class X of Al Fudloli NU High School. Based on the results of this class action research it can be concluded: (1) pre-cycle there are 5 students who get grades in accordance with KKM and 15 students get grades below KKM or only 25% are in accordance with KKM and 75% who are under KKM, (2) the application of the factor tree technique that is by looking for the main ideas first then finding derivatives or sub-subjects that are in the shade of the main ideas, then developing the main ideas and sub-topics into sentences and combining them into paragraphs, (3) The results in the first cycle increased in value from 20 students 12 students got grades in accordance with KKM and 8 students were still below KKM. Thus it can be concluded that the writing skills of the results of initial observations of class X students have increased by 35%, initially only 25% of students who were in accordance with KKM. In the first cycle there are 60% of students who are in accordance with KKM, with an average grade of 69.5. The results of the second cycle increased in value from 20 students to 20 students got grades in accordance with KKM. Thus it can be concluded that writing skills from the observations of class X students have increased by 40%, initially only 60% of students were in accordance with KKM on the first cycle, and there were 100% of students who were in accordance with KKM in the second cycle with an average grade 84.25. Thus the application of the factor tree technique can improve writing skills of students' observations.
Near-infrared Hydrogen and Helium QSO Emission Lines
Authors: Kenyon C. E. G. , Labrie K. , Webster R. L. , King A. L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present 14 near-infrared (NIR) quasar spectra observed with the Flamingos-2 NIR spectrometer instrument at the Gemini South Observatory. The targets were selected with redshifts of (0.58 ≤ z ≤ 0.63) to ensure the spectral wavelength range included specifically identified hydrogen and helium broad emission lines. We present measurements of their FWHM, equivalent widths, and flux ratios relative to H α. The quasars are all within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 region which, then also provides multi-epoch rest-frame UV and optical spectroscopic observations of our targets. In future work, these data and those from Galaxy Evolution Explorer and NUV spectra will be utilized to constrain photoionization models to determine physical conditions within the broad emission line regions, such as the incident ionizing photon flux and gas density.
Pure Rotational Spectrum of CN+
Authors: Thorwirth S. , Schreier P. , Salomon T. , Schlemmer S. , Asvany O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of the elusive CN+ cation has been observed for the first time using a cryogenic ion trap apparatus and applying an action spectroscopy scheme. For the 12C14N+ species, the three lowest rotational transitions have been observed, each of which exhibits hyperfine structure from the presence of the 14N nucleus. The rare C15N+ isotopologue has been studied up to the J = 4 − 3 transition. The observations conclusively confirm that CN+ occupies a 1Σ+ electronic ground state. Given the ubiquity of the CN radical in space, CN+ is an appealing candidate for future radio astronomical searches.
Time-varying Polarized Gamma-Rays from GRB 160821A: Evidence for Ordered Magnetic Fields
Authors: Sharma Vidushi , Iyyani Shabnam , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Chattopadhyay Tanmoy , Rao A. R. , Aarthy E. , Vadawale Santosh V. , Mithun N. P. S. , Bhalerao Varun. B. , Ryde Felix , Pe’er Asaf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
GRB 160821A is the third most energetic gamma-ray burst observed by the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope. Based on the observations made by the Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager on board AstroSat, here we report the most conclusive evidence to date of (i) high linear polarization (

detection), and (ii) variation of polarization angle with time, occurring twice during the rise and decay phase of the burst at 3.5σ and 3.1σ detections, respectively. All confidence levels are reported for two parameters of interest. These observations strongly suggest synchrotron radiation produced in magnetic field lines that are highly ordered on angular scales of 1/Γ, where Γ is the Lorentz factor of the outflow.
Comparison of DNA Isolation and Dominant and Co-dominant Molecular Markers to Reveal the Genetic Sex of Gallus domesticus (Domestic Chickens)
Authors: Nirmali W. K. R. , Warnakula L. , Cooray R. , Hapuarachchi N. S. , Magamage M. P. S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The quality of DNA and reliability of molecular markers are crucial for the success of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based genetic sex determination. This study was aimed at investigating the optimum conditions for isolation of DNA from chicken blood and the reproducibility of dominant and co-dominant sex markers to be validated as a tool for successful sexing in avian research.Research Method: Efficacy of six different extraction procedures including manual and solution based commercial purification kit were evaluated with different combinations of initial blood, lysis buffer and protein denaturant in relation to the DNA yield and purity. Three primer sets namely CHD1, HUR 0423 and HUR 0424 were evaluated by PCR. Findings: The study results showed that 10µl of initial blood volume yields a significantly high DNA yield with high purity. Dominant marker HUR0424 showed to be a reliable marker system for the genetic sexing of domestic chickens over co-dominant markers.Research Limitation: For the accuracy of the results, protocols had to be followed at the same time and using same sample to avoid any errors.Originality/ Value: PCR based sexing is considered, the most accurate and inexpensive method and hence validation of the method is important for success of future avian research.
Long term assessment of intralipotherapy in Madelung’s disease
Authors: Scevola Silvia , Nicoletti Giovanni , Neri Antonino , Faga Angela 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMadelung’s disease is characterised by multiple symmetric abnormal fat masses in the head, neck and upper limbs. Surgical excision or liposuction is the only realistic available option, although palliative in nature. The serial intralipotherapy with phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate has been proposed as a non-invasive treatment of Madelung’s disease. The authors used serial intralipotherapy with phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate in two patients affected by Madelung’s disease. Three injections per lesion per patient were performed with 1 month’s interval. Pre- and 6 months’ post-treatment dimensions were assessed with ultrasound scan and patients were observed along a 5 years’ clinical follow-up. A 42.5% average size reduction was reported in all treated lesions. About 33% recurrence rate was observed in the 5 years’ follow-up. We confirm the efficacy of intralipotherapy in the non-invasive palliative treatment of Madelung’s disease, as a valid option to reduce the volume and limit the growth of the pathological adipose masses.
Hypothenar island flap: A safe and excellent choice for little finger defects
Authors: Tapan Mehmet , Iğde Murat , Yıldırım Ali Rıza , Balı Yağmur Yaprak , Yılancı Sedat , Ünlü Ramazan Erkin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSoft-tissue defects of the little finger are challenging especially when bone, tendon or vascular pedicle is exposed because of trauma. The hypothenar island flap is easy to harvest and has a good colour and texture match to the little finger pulp. We present nine clinical cases of soft tissue defects of the little finger covered using the reversed hypothenar fasciocutaneous island flap. This article intends to highlight the ease of elevation and good clinical results of the hypothenar flap which is rarely used.
Análisis factorial confirmatorio y propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck en estudiantes en contextos de pobreza en México
Authors: Quiñonez Tapia Francisco , Méndez Luevano Tanya Elizabeth , Castañeda-Camey Nicté 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in students in contexts of poverty in Mexico. Hopelessness predicts depression and suicide. In the world, suicide is the second cause of death in people between 15 and 29 years, and depression is the main cause of disability. The internal factorial structure, reliability and construct validity of the Hopelessness Scale were analyzed in upper secondary and higher education students in contexts of poverty in Mexico. 771 participants were evaluated. Reliability was examined with the coefficient omega, and validity with confirmatory factor analysis with the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted method. The value of omega was .89. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed an SRMR = .07, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .05. The scale is valid and reliable for students in contexts of poverty in Mexico.Keywords: Reliability; validity; students; Beck Hopelessness Scale.Resumen: La desesperanza predice la depresión y el suicidio. En el mundo, el suicidio es la segunda causa de muerte en personas de 15 a 29 años, y la depresión es la principal causa de incapacidad. Se analizo la estructura factorial interna, fiabilidad y validez de constructo de la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck en estudiantes de educación media superior y superior en contextos de pobreza en México. 771 participantes fueron evaluados. Se examinó la fiabilidad con el coeficiente omega, y la validez con el análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método weighted least square mean and variance adjusted. El valor de omega fue de .89. El análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó un SRMR = .07, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .05. La escala es válida y fiable para los estudiantes en contextos de pobreza en México.Palabras clave: Fiabilidad; validez; estudiantes; Escala de Desesperanza de Beck.
Caracterização mineralógica de argilas moles presentes nos arredores da reserva natural de Guaratiba: zona oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Junior Flávio Vieira da , Marques Maria Esther Soares 
Published: September 2019

A expansão desordenada dos grandes centros, bem como a falta de estudos mais aprofundados, acarretaram na crescente ocupação de áreas irregulares, assim como acontece hoje nas ultimas áreas de manguezais da reserva natural de Guaratiba. A argila mole, muito presente na costa brasileira, sempre proporciona um desafio, quanto à análise do seu comportamento, pois áreas próximas e com presença de espessuras consideráveis de argila mole, podem apresentar comportamentos geomecânicos distintos. Com a finalidade de constribuir para melhor compreensão do comportamento das arligas moles, bem como aprofundar os estudos nessas áreas de preservação, tão importantes para a manutenção do bioma local, o presente estudo aprofunda o conhecimento sobre a mineralogia dos solos da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizados ensaios de difração de raio-x nas profundidades entre 4m e 6m, das nove amostras analisadas, bem como ensaios de fluorescência de raios – x, com a finalidade de complementação da caracterização mineralógica da região em estudo. Todos os ensaios realizados, respeitaram o bioma local, visando a sua preservação. Uma variedade grande de argilominerais, bem como minerais não argilosos, quartzo, feldspato e poligorsquite, foram encontrados nas amostras. Do grupo dos argilominerais identificados, as Illitas, Caulinitas e Vermiculitas foram os argilominerais mais presente nas amostras, sendo a Illita o argilomineral que mais contribue para o comportamento do solo, pois apresenta mais que 25% do material constituinte do solo. A presença de argilominerais de baixa atividade, como Illita, Clorita, Caulinita e Mica, propicia o desenvolvimento de alta sensibilidade ao amolgamento, pois estão sujeitos à redução do limite de liquidez e da resistência amolgada sob alterações químicas no ambiente, como lixiviação e ação de agentes dispersantes.
Comparison of Oral Hygiene Attitudes, Awareness and Periodontal Parameters of Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: LEKTEMUR ALPAN Aysan , PIRIM GORGUN Emine 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported oral
health attitudes and clinical measurements between dental students who enrolled
in or not enrolled in periodontology course in Turkey.

Material and Methods: A
total of 701 students were included in the study. Students asked 26 questions
including age, gender, smoking, oral hygiene habits and self-assessment
measures for periodontal status. Probing depth (PD)
clinical attachment level (CAL), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque
index (PI) and gingival index (GI) measurements performed. The Chi-square test was used for
categorical data and one way Anova post hoc Tukey test for ordinal level data.

Results: There were no differences between
grades in term of PD and CAL (p&gt;0.05). Statistically significant difference
was in BOP value between 1st and 5th grade (p&lt;0.05).
PI values of 1st grade were statistically higher than 3rd,
4th and 5th grades (p&lt;0.05). GI of 1st grade was statistically
higher than 4th and 5th grades (p&lt;0.05). GI of 2nd
grade was statistically higher than 3rd, 4th and 5th
grades (p&lt;0.05). Tooth brushing was not different between grades
(p&gt;0.05). Interdental care ratios in grades significantly differ from each
other (p&lt;0.05). According to students, they did not have any kind of
periodontal disease with high percentages above 88%. 4th and 5th grades had
periodontal treatment comparing the other grades (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion: Starting to
take periodontology course in dental faculties from the first year and
constitute a periodontal disease prevention program will be beneficial to
students in Turkey.
Ending the Code of Silence on Abductions of Aid Workers
Authors: Weissman Fabrice 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the policy of absolute secrecy on abductions adopted by aid organisations. It argues that the information blackout on past and current cases is to a large extent a function of the growing role of private security companies in the aid sector, which promote a ‘pay, don’t say’ policy as a default option, whatever the situation. The article contends that secrecy is as much an impediment to resolving current cases as it is to preventing and managing future ones. It suggests abandoning the policy of strict confidentiality in all circumstances – a policy that is as dangerous as it is easy to apply – in favour of a more nuanced and challenging approach determining how much to publicise ongoing and past cases for each audience, always keeping in mind the interests of current and potential hostages.