bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water chemistry, landscape, and spatial controls of δ13C and δ15N of zooplankton taxa in boreal lakes: One size does not fit all
Authors: Anas M. U. Mohamed , Scott Kenneth A. , Wissel Björn 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios of zooplankton are potentially good indicators of energy and nutrient fluxes, and trophic interactions in lake food‐webs, yet, are poorly understood.

Based on a synoptic survey of 233 boreal lakes, we evaluated the relationships of water chemistry, hydromorphological, and land cover variables (lake/catchment‐specific factors), and the spatial position of lakes in the landscape (representing potential regional factors) with the δ13C and δ15N of nine meso‐zooplankton taxa.

The δ13C variation of most taxa was negatively related to water chemistry variables associated with allochthonous inputs (colour/dissolved organic carbon), and positively correlated with nutrient concentrations (together explaining 12–69% of variation). Most of the δ13C variation explained by significant hydromorphological and land cover variables (% peat area, drainage basin area:lake area, shoreline development index, and lake area, explaining 26–47% of variation) was shared by significant water chemistry variables. Together, this suggests that δ13C variation of zooplankton reflects different environmental influences on δ13C of lake primary producers.

The δ15N variation of most taxa was significantly related to pH, total phosphorous concentration (water chemistry variables, explaining 8–64% of variation), and water retention time (hydromorphological variable, explaining 13–87% of variation). These relationships are probably reflective of the association of zooplankton δ15N with terrestrial organic matter flux, environmentally‐induced biogeochemical nitrogen transformations and phytoplankton 15N fractionation.

Specific water chemistry, hydromorphological, and land cover predictors of δ13C and δ15N and the direction of their effects (i.e. positive or negative) were largely similar among taxa. However, their degree of importance varied among taxa particularly for δ13C, probably due to contrasting feeding selectivity and resulting differences in allochthony. This suggests that δ13C of different taxa may respond differently to changes in limnological gradients due to environmental perturbations affecting boreal regions.

The lake/catchment‐specific factors were more important than regional factors (lithology, soil properties and atmospheric nitrogen deposition; which are represented by the spatial position of lakes) in explaining δ13C and δ15N variation of zooplankton. Hence, before inferring regional effects in stable isotope studies, the influence of lake/catchment‐specific factors needs to be explicitly quantified.
Offender Supervision, Prisoners and Procedural Justice
Authors: BICKERS IAN , CREWE BEN , MITCHELL RENÉE J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRelationships between prisoners and the staff responsible for them have long been considered a cornerstone of institutional legitimacy in prisons. Considerable research has focused on the everyday relationships between prison officers and those in their charge, but almost none on the relationship between prisoners and those who are responsible for their risk assessments within the custodial setting. Using semi‐structured interviews, this research elicited the perceptions of 19 sentenced prisoners with regard to the procedural justice of their interactions with offender supervisors. Organised around the core components of procedural fairness – voice, respect, neutrality, and trust – the article suggests that prisoners experienced a very limited degree of procedural justice, which negatively impacted their relationships with this important staff group and their prison experiences in general.
Relationship between unintentional canal overfilling and the long‐term outcome of primary root canal treatments and nonsurgical retreatments: a retrospective radiographic assessment
Authors: Goldberg F. , Cantarini C. , Alfie D. , Macchi R. L. , Arias A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo determine retrospectively the long‐term radiographic outcome of root canal treatments and root canal retreatments with unintentional root canal overfilling.MethodologyA total of 220 root canal treatments (143 primary/77 retreatments) with postoperative unintentional canal overfilling and performed by two endodontists during their 45 years of private practice were included in the study. Lateral condensation techniques and nine different sealers were used. Overfilling was confirmed with a postoperative periapical radiograph and patients were scheduled regularly for recall visits. Average recall time was 4.86 years (maximum = 30 years). Two calibrated observers evaluated the radiographs and determined the long‐term outcome using the PAI score pooled in a 3‐category scale. The persistence or resorption of the extruded material was registered. The Kappa coefficient (K) was calculated and a logistic regression was used for further analysis. Odds ratios and their 95% CI were estimated.ResultsThe level of inter‐observer agreement was 66.1%. Primary root canal treatments had a significantly (P = 0.015) greater rate of success (91.6%) than retreatments (81.8%). Tooth location (P = 0.019) was the only other factor that significantly affected the outcome. The type of extruded material, and its resorption or persistence did not relate to the outcome. Persistence of extruded material was significantly affected by tooth location and recall time after treatment.ConclusionThe outcome of root canal treatment with unintentional canal overfilling was not associated with the type of extruded material or its resorption or persistence. The persistence of extruded material did not relate to a favourable or unfavourable outcome.
Influence of socioeconomic inequalities on levels of dental caries in adolescents: A cohort study
Authors: Ortiz Adriana Santos , Tomazoni Fernanda , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic factors at both contextual and individual levels influence health.AimEvaluate the influence of socioeconomic inequalities on the incidence of dental caries in adolescents.DesignThis cohort study was conducted with a multistage random sample of 1134 12‐year‐old adolescents from Southern Brazil. The experience of dental caries was assessed according to the decayed, missed, or filled surfaces (DMF‐S) index. The Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) was collected during baseline as a school‐level variable. Individual variables included demographic, socioeconomic, behavior‐related, and oral health measures. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to explore the influence of exploratory variables on the mean of decayed surfaces.Results770 14‐year‐old adolescents were reevaluated (follow‐up rate of 68%) after 2 years. Examiner's Kappa values for the assessment of dental caries ranged from 0.81 to 0.90. Adolescents with low household income and lower school's IDEB had higher mean of decayed surfaces. Non‐white adolescents, lower frequency of dental attendance, parents' poor perception of child's oral health, and dental plaque were also associated with the incidence of dental caries.ConclusionAdolescents from a lower socioeconomic background and poor school context had higher levels of dental caries over time.
Trade Union Responses to zero hours work in Ireland
Authors: Murphy Caroline , Turner Thomas , O'Sullivan Michelle , MacMahon Juliet , Lavelle Jonathan , Ryan Lorraine , Gunnigle Patrick , O'Brien Mike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the strategies adopted by Irish unions in responding to zero hours work in four sectors. It concludes that rather than adopting either a passive or a uniform approach, unions have pragmatically varied their strategies to curtail zero‐hours work through actively combining both bargaining and regulatory approaches.
Developing a rare disease chronic care model: Management of systemic sclerosis (MANOSS) study protocol
Authors: Kocher Agnes , Simon Michael , Dwyer Andrew A. , Villiger Peter M. , Künzler‐Heule Patrizia , De Geest Sabina , Berben Lut , Nicca Dunja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the management of systemic sclerosis (MANOSS) study described in this protocol is to develop a chronic care model, based on a contextual analysis and stakeholder involvement, for patients living with the rare disease systemic sclerosis (SSc) in Switzerland.DesignApplying an implementation science approach, this study starts with an explanatory sequential mixed method study for contextual analysis, followed by broad stakeholder involvement for model development and a Delphi study to reach consensus.MethodsFirst, a quantitative cross‐sectional survey with patients and healthcare professionals (HPs) will be conducted to identify current practice patterns of chronic illness management and technology readiness. Second, qualitative interviews with patients, family members and HPs will be performed to gain a deeper understanding of care needs identified in the quantitative survey. Third, a model of care will be co‐created with input from patients, HPs and other experts. The eHealth enhanced Chronic Care Model will serve as a guiding framework. The new model and corresponding outcome parameters will be refined using a Delphi‐study approach to reach consensus on a testable model of care for persons living with SSc. The protocol has received research ethics committee approval in September 2018 by the Swiss Ethics Committee.DiscussionThe MANOSS study's participatory approach is essential for contextual fit of the model for patients with SSc in this setting. Subsequent feasibility testing and implementation are planned to evaluate the model's value in relation to health disparities faced by this patient population.ImpactPatients living with this rare disease lack access to coordinated, specialized care and self‐management support from qualified HPs. Reengineering of current care, with consideration for technological opportunities, is warranted to meet patients’ and families’ needs.
Marry who you love: Intergroup contact with gay people and another stigmatized minority is related to voting on the restriction of gay rights through threat
Authors: Zingora Tibor , Graf Sylvie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study examined factors associated with discrimination against gay people in a public referendum aimed at the restriction of gay rights. We tested whether positive and negative intergroup contact with gay people and intergroup contact with another stigmatized minority, the Roma, were associated with how the heterosexual majority voted in the referendum (i.e., discrimination). We tested two mechanisms underlying the link between intergroup contact and discrimination—the mediation by intergroup threat and the mediation by outgroup attitudes. We found that negative contact with both gay people and the Roma was associated with a higher probability of gay discrimination while positive contact was associated with a lower probability of gay discrimination. Intergroup threat, not intergroup attitudes, mediated the link between intergroup contact and discrimination. In the case of contact with gay people, intergroup contact was linked to discrimination through threat from gay people. In the case of contact with Roma, intergroup contact was linked to discrimination through the generalization of threats from the Roma to gay people but not via the generalization of outgroup attitudes. Our research brings novel evidence that contact with one minority can affect discrimination against another minority in both positive and negative way and that perceived threat, but not attitudes, plays a key role in majority's decision to discriminate against gay people.
Pairing practice and feedback with animations optimizes student learning in online module
Authors: Brasier Daniel J. , Melville Michael , Hershock Chad , Rule Gordon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the optimal placement of animations and practice and feedback exercises with respect to each other and to static text and graphics in an online DNA replication module. We randomly assigned students in a first‐semester introductory biology course for freshmen biology majors and nonmajors to one of four online modules with animations and practice exercises (assets) either embedded with the text and images or saved until the end after all the text and images. Although we expected to find that embedding assets with text and images would improve learning outcomes, we were surprised to find that outcomes did not change with the location of these assets with respect to the text and static images. Instead, we found that colocation of exercises with animations was correlated with the biggest student learning gains, independent of where these assets appeared relative to the static text and static images. This held true both for immediate posttest scores and delayed application questions on a midterm exam. Our findings could have potential implications for how to best design online learning modules that feature multiple assets.
FSP1 promotes the biofunctions of adventitial fibroblast through the crosstalk among RAGE, JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt3a/β‐catenin signalling pathways
Authors: Fu Caihua , Liu Ping , Li Peilun , Liu Wenhui , Huang Xianwei , Liang Yansheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that fibroblast‐specific protein 1 (FSP1) provides vital effects in cell biofunctions. However, whether FSP1 influences the adventitial fibroblast (AF) and vascular remodelling remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential role and action mechanism of FSP1‐mediated AF bioactivity. AFs were cultured and stimulated with FSP1 and siRNA‐FSP1 in vitro. Viability assays demonstrated that siRNA‐FSP1 counteracted AFs proliferative, migratory and adherent abilities enhanced with FSP1. Flow cytometry revealed that FSP1 increased AFs number in S phase and decreased cellular apoptosis. Contrarily, siRNA‐FSP1 displayed the contrary results. RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that FSP1 synchronously up‐regulated the expression of molecules in RAGE, JAK2/STAT3 and Wnt3a/β‐catenin pathways and induced a proinflammatory cytokine profile characterized by high levels of MCP‐1, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. Conversely, FSP1 knockdown reduced the expression of these molecules and cytokines. The increased number of autophagosomes in FSP1‐stimulated group and fewer autophagic corpuscles in siRNA‐FSP1 group was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Autophagy‐related proteins (LC3B, beclin‐1 and Apg7) were higher in FSP1 group than those in other groups. Conversely, the expression of p62 protein was shown an opposite trend of variation. Therefore, these pathways can promote AFs bioactivity, facilitate autophagy and induce the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Contrarily, siRNA‐FSP1 intercepts the crosstalk of these pathways, suppresses AF functions, restrains autophagy and attenuates the expression of the inflammatory factors. Our findings indicate that crosstalk among RAGE, STAT3/JAK2 and Wnt3a/β‐catenin signalling pathways may account for the mechanism of AF functions with the stimulation of FSP1.
Local thermal adaptation detected during multiple life stages across populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Austin Christopher J. , Moehring Amanda J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermal adaptation is typically detected by examining the tolerance of a few populations to extreme temperatures within a single life stage. However, the extent to which adaptation occurs among many different populations might depend on the tolerance of multiple life stages and the average temperature range that the population experiences. Here, we examined local adaptation to native temperature conditions in eleven populations of the well‐known cosmopolitan fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster. These populations were sampled from across the global range ofD. melanogaster. We measured traits related to fitness during each life stage to determine whether certain stages are more sensitive to changes in temperature than others.D. melanogasterappeared to show local adaptation to native temperatures during the egg, larval and adult life stages, but not the pupal stage. This suggests that across the entire distribution ofD. melanogaster, certain life stages might be locally adapted to native temperatures, whereas other stages might use phenotypic plasticity or tolerance to a wide range of temperatures experienced in the native environment of this species.
Shade as enrichment: testing preferences for shelter in two model fish species
Authors: Jones Nick A.R. , Spence Rowena , Jones Faith A.M. , Spence‐Jones Helen C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe compared preferences shown by zebrafishDanio rerioand three‐spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatusfor shelter provided by above‐tank shade and artificial plants. Zebrafish showed no preference for either shelter, whereas sticklebacks showed a preference for both shelter types over open areas and for shade over plants. Our results suggest shade may be used as enrichment for captive fish and re‐emphasise the importance of species‐specific welfare considerations.
Prothymosin alpha and its mimetic hexapeptide improve delayed tissue plasminogen activator‐induced brain damage following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Halder Sebok Kumar , Matsunaga Hayato , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration beyond 4.5 h of stroke symptoms is beneficial for patients but has an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, increasing the therapeutic window of tPA is important for stroke recovery. We previously showed that prothymosin alpha (ProTα) or its mimetic hexapeptide (P6Q) has anti‐ischemic activity. Here, we examined the beneficial effects of ProTα or P6Q against delayed tPA‐induced brain damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or photochemically induced thrombosis in mice. Brain hemorrhage was observed by tPA administration during reperfusion at 4.5 and 6 h after MCAO. Co‐administration of ProTα with tPA at 4.5 h inhibited hemorrhage and motor dysfunction 2–4 days, but not 7 days after MCAO. ProTα administration at 2 and 4.5 h after MCAO significantly inhibited tPA (4.5 h)‐induced motor dysfunction and death more than 7 days. Administration of tPA caused the loss of tight junction proteins, zona occulden‐1 and occludin, and up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9, in a ProTα‐reversible manner. P6Q administration abolished tPA (4.5 h)‐induced hemorrhage and reversed tPA (6 h)‐induced vascular damage and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and 9 up‐regulation. Twice administrations of P6Q at 2 h alone and 6 h with tPA significantly improved motor dysfunction more than 7 days. In photochemically induced thrombosis ischemia, similar vascular leakage and neuronal damage (infarction and motor dysfunction) by late tPA (4.5 or 6 h) were also inhibited by P6Q. Thus, these studies suggest that co‐administration with ProTα or P6Q would be beneficial to inhibit delayed tPA‐induced hemorrhagic mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke.
image
Effect of in ovo glyphosate injection on embryonic development, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status and histopathological changes in newly hatched chicks
Authors: Fathi Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelghani Ezaldeen , Shen Dan , Ren Xin , Dai Pengyuan , Li Zhaojan , Tang Qian , Li Yansen , Li Chunmei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of pure glyphosate or Roundup® on hatchability, serum biochemistry and histopathological observation of the liver and kidney of newly hatched chicks. On day six, a total of 225 fertile eggs were obtained from Huafeng breeder hens. The eggs were randomly divided into three treatments: (a) the control group injected with deionized water, (b) the glyphosate group injected 10 mg pure glyphosate/Kg egg mass and (c) the Roundup group injected 10 mg the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup®/Kg egg. The results showed a decrease of hatchability rate in chicks treated with Roundup® (66%). In addition, no significant change was observed in body weights, yolk sac weight and relative weight organs except the liver and kidney were significantly increased with groups treated with glyphosate and Roundup® compared to the control group. The results showed that serum protein profiles were linearly significantly increased of serum phosphor, uric acid, aspirate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in groups treated with Roundup®, as well as the serum concentrations of triglyceride altered after treatment with glyphosate. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the treated chicks, the glyphosate and Roundup® induced changes of the content of malondialdehyde in both the liver and kidney, moreover decrease of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the kidney tissue and serum. Additionally, changes also happened in the histomorphology of the liver and kidney tissue of the treated chicks. It can be concluded that Roundup® as a probable decrease of hatchability. Exposure to glyphosate alone or Roundup® caused liver and kidney histopathological alterations, serum parameters imbalances and oxidative stress, also induced a variety of liver and kidney biochemical alterations that might impair normal organ functioning in newly hatched chicks.
Procedural memory consolidation is associated with heart rate variability and sleep spindles
Authors: van Schalkwijk Frank J. , Hauser Theresa , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Ameen Mohamed S. , Wilhelm Frank H. , Sauter Cornelia , Klösch Gerhard , Moser Doris , Gruber Georg , Anderer Peter , Saletu Bernd , Parapatics Silvia , Zeitlhofer Josef , Schabus Manuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSleep and memory studies often focus on overnight rather than long‐term memory changes, traditionally associating overnight memory change (OMC) with sleep architecture and sleep patterns such as spindles. In addition, (para‐)sympathetic innervation has been associated with OMC after a daytime nap using heart rate variability (HRV). In this study we investigated overnight and long‐term performance changes for procedural memory and evaluated associations with sleep architecture, spindle activity (SpA) and HRV measures (R‐R interval [RRI], standard deviation of R‐R intervals [SDNN], as well as spectral power for low [LF] and high frequencies [HF]). All participants (N = 20, Mage = 23.40 ± 2.78 years) were trained on a mirror‐tracing task and completed a control (normal vision) and learning (mirrored vision) condition. Performance was evaluated after training (R1), after a full‐night sleep (R2) and 7 days thereafter (R3). Overnight changes (R2‐R1) indicated significantly higher accuracy after sleep, whereas a significant long‐term (R3‐R2) improvement was only observed for tracing speed. Sleep architecture measures were not associated with OMC after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, individual SpA change from the control to the learning night indicated that only “SpA enhancers” exhibited overnight improvements for accuracy and long‐term improvements for speed. HRV analyses revealed that lower SDNN and LF power was associated with better OMC for the procedural speed measure. Altogether, this study indicates that overnight improvement for procedural memory is specific for spindle enhancers, and is associated with HRV during sleep following procedural learning.