bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on in vitro behavior of calcium silicate ceramics synthesized from biowaste resources
Authors: Palakurthy Srinath , Azeem P. Abdul , Venugopal Reddy K. , Penugurti Vasudevarao , Manavathi Bramanandam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCalcium silicate ceramics have received significant attention for biomedical applications for their excellent bioactivity and osteoconduction properties. Sol‐gel process is extensively used for the fabrication of calcium silicates. In sol‐gel process, calcium nitrate tetra hydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) are used as precursors. However, these precursors are expensive. The objective of this work was to compare in vitro behavior of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) produced using biowaste such as rice husk ash (RHA) and eggshells (coded; NCS) with CaSiO3 prepared using TEOS and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (coded; CCS). Thermal investigation results revealed that the crystallization temperature for NCS is relatively lower (772°C) than for CCS (870°C). Bioactivity was studied in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) with respect to mineralization rate of hydroxyapatite. Mineralization of a greater hydroxyapatite was observed on NCS ceramics than CCS ceramics after incubation for 3, 7, 14 days in SBF solution, which was confirmed using X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. Degradation studies were conducted in Tris‐HCl solution and the test results revealed that NCS ceramics has lower dissolution rate than CCS ceramics. The antimicrobial assay has shown that NCS samples exhibit significant zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which confirmed that the CaSiO3 prepared from RHA and eggshell can prevent bacteria from adhering to the surface. In addition cell culture studies revealed that NCS ceramics possess good cytocompatibility with MG‐63 cells and significantly promoted cell proliferation.
Solvothermal synthesis of columnar Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and a comparative study with columnar Gd2O3:Eu3+
Authors: Qian Benfu , Wang Di , Wang Hongyang , Zou Haifeng , Song Yanhua , Zhou Xiuqing , Sheng Ye 
Published: August 2019

AbstractColumnar Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction and subsequent calcination process. The structure, morphology, and luminescence properties of samples were investigated via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra‐red (FT‐IR) spectra, UV‐vis absorption spectra, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The Judd‐Ofelt (J‐O) parameters of Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors with different doping concentration were calculated by emission spectra to understand the symmetry, coordination environment, and luminescence behavior of Eu3+ ions in Gd2O2S matrix. In addition, the luminescence properties of columnar Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and Gd2O3:Eu3+ were compared in detail. The comparison results show that there are subtle differences in luminescence intensity, main peak position, luminescence color, and fluorescence lifetime between them, which are closely related to their different substrate's structure, including the band‐gap energy, crystallinity, and symmetry, etc.
Relational Poetic Encounters: Opening Spaces at Tate Liverpool
Authors: Georges Darlene St. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores poetic inquiry through a creation‐research framework as a method of exploring issues surrounding identity and subjective relationality. As a Métis visual artist, poet and educator, the author explores knowledge and meaning based in ontological experience and Indigenous understandings of the subjective inward journey and its role in our relational interconnectedness. The implications of the connection between the inward and outward paradigms of experience, knowledge and knowing creates a space to value and honour our unique understanding of the world. Through a found poetry activity designed and implemented in the gallery space at the Tate Exchange, Liverpool, the author delves into a reflective analysis of the potential of understanding the Other within us and the Other in front of us through critical creative praxis in a generative public context.
Implicit Bias, (Global) White Ignorance, and Bad Faith: The Problem of Whiteness and Anti‐black Racism
Authors: Beckles‐Raymond Gabriella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Britain, policy‐makers tend to view racism as a social attitude rather than an institutional/structural phenomenon. Not until the publication of the MacPherson Report (1999) was the idea of ‘institutional racism’ officially recognised. According to Jules Holroyd, implicit bias as a concept can help us understand and combat the kind of unwitting prejudice the Macpherson report describes. This article explores whether implicit bias is indeed a viable framework for understanding institutional/structural racism. To do so, I bring together Charles Mills’ notion of ‘global white ignorance’ and Lewis Gordon's interpretation of ‘bad faith’. Through Mills’ and Gordon's analyses, which together illuminate both the structural and psychic dimensions of racism I offer an account of the psychodynamics of racism far more consistent with our observations of how racism actually operates in Britain. Specifically, we see that institutional/structural racism is neither unconscious nor is it unmotivated as implicit bias would suggest. As such, I reject implicit bias as a useful or necessary explanatory framework for helping us understand institutional racism as a structural phenomenon.
Electrocardiographic changes in loperamide toxicity: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Teigeler Todd , Stahura Heather , Alimohammad Rizwan , Kalahasty Gautham , Koneru Jayanthi N. , Ellenbogen Michael , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Padala Santosh K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionLoperamide, an antidiarrheal agent, is a µ‐opioid receptor agonist increasingly abused to prevent opioid withdrawal or to produce euphoric effects. At supra‐therapeutic doses, loperamide can cause cardiac toxicity due to blockade of Na and IKr channels, resulting in wide QRS rhythms, severe bradycardia, prolonged QTc, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest, and death. There are limited data on the cardiotoxic effects of high dose loperamide.Methods and ResultsA case report of loperamide toxicity is presented and then added to a contemporary review of the literature. In total, the presentation and management of 36 cases of loperamide cardiotoxicity are summarized. The overall median daily dose (interquartile range) of loperamide was 200 (134‐400) mg. The median QRS duration was 160 (125‐170) ms. The median QTc duration was 620 (565‐701) ms. Ventricular tachycardia was experienced by 24/36 (67%) of patients, 20 of which were specified to be polymorphic. Treatment was supportive, providing advanced cardiopulmonary life support and aggressive electrolyte repletion. Isoproterenol infusion or overdrive pacing was employed in 19/36 (53%) of cases. The median time to electrocardiogram normalization or hospital discharge, whichever came first, was 5 (3.5‐10) days.ConclusionLoperamide overdose is a toxidrome that remains underrecognized, and in patients with unexplained cardiac arrhythmias, loperamide toxicity should be suspected. Prompt recognition is critical due to the delayed recovery and high risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias.
Individual asymmetry as a predictor of fitness in the batCarollia perspicillata
Authors: Monteiro Leandro R. , Mellado Breno , Nogueira Marcelo R. , de Morais‐Jr Marcio M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe measurement of fitness in wild populations is a challenging task, and a number of proxies have been proposed with different degrees of success. Developmental instability/stability (DI) is an organismal property associated with variance in bilateral asymmetry (fluctuating asymmetry—FA) and a correlated effect on fitness. This study provides evidence to corroborate the hypothesis that asymmetry partly reflectsDIand is correlated with a reduction in fitness measured by survival and reproduction in bats. We studied two colonies of the batCarollia perspicillatain southeastern Brazil over 5 years, marking and recapturing individuals. Gaussian mixture models for signed Forearm Asymmetry (ForA) distribution indicated that ~20% of asymmetry variation was due toDIheterogeneity among individuals. ForA, body condition (Scaled Mass Index—SMI) and Forearm Length (ForL) were used as predictors of survival probability in Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models. Asymmetry was negatively associated with survival, whereasSMIand ForL were positively associated. The maleC. perspicillatadefend sites within the roost that are favoured by female harems, but there are mating opportunities for bachelor males, leading to both territorial disputes and sperm competition. As predicted by sexual selection, ForA was negatively associated with relative Testicle Length, a measure of reproductive potential. In females, ForA was negatively associated with the probability of two pregnancies (as opposed to one) in a given breeding season. The effect magnitudes and directions of associations suggest that asymmetry, even though not perfectly reflectingDIvariation, is a useful predictor for fitness components inC. perspicillata.
Increased risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide study
Authors: Kim Jihye , Chun Jaeyoung , Lee Changhyun , Han Kyungdo , Choi Seungho , Lee Jooyoung , Soh Hosim , Choi Kookhwan , Park Seona , Kang Eun Ae , Lee Hyun Jung , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We evaluated the risk for developing IPF in patients with IBD using a nationwide population‐based study.MethodsUsing claims data from the National Health Insurance service in Korea, patients with IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), were identified through both the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and rare and intractable disease program codes from January 2010 to December 2013. We compared 38 921 IBD patients with age‐matched and sex‐matched individuals without IBD in a ratio of 1:3. Patients with newly diagnosed IPF were identified by both the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and rare and intractable disease registration codes.ResultsDuring a mean 4.9‐year follow‐up, the incidence of IPF in patients with IBD was 33.21 per 100 000 person‐years. The overall risk of IPF was significantly higher in IBD patients than in non‐IBD controls (hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.20; P = 0.003). In patients with CD, the incidence (per 100 000 person‐years) of IPF was 26.04; in controls, the incidence was 9.15 (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.46–5.72; P = 0.002). The incidence of IPF in patients with UC tended to be higher than in controls (36.66 vs 26.54 per 100 000 person‐years; 95% CI, 0.99–1.99; HR, 1.41; P = 0.066). The risk of developing IPF in patients with IBD was higher in male patients than in female patients (P = 0.093 in CD; P = 0.147 in UC by interaction analysis).ConclusionsPatients with IBD, especially CD, have an increased risk of developing IPF.
Quantification of dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis based on growth, feed conversion efficiency, mineralization and serum alkaline phosphatase activity
Authors: Zafar Noorin , Khan Mukhtar A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeven isonitrogenous (400 g/kg crude protein) and isocaloric (17.89 kJ/g gross energy) purified diets (casein‐gelatin based) with different concentrations of calcium (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/kg) supplemented with calcium lactate at the levels of 0, 5.4, 10.8, 16.3, 21.8, 27.27 and 32.73 g/kg were prepared and fed for 12 weeks to triplicate groups of Heteropneustes fossilis (7.46 ± 0.03 g) to determine the optimum dietary calcium requirement. Analysed values of calcium in the diets were 2.41, 3.82, 4.56, 5.99, 6.71, 7.40 and 8.19 g/kg, respectively. Absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention efficiency, protein gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed diets with increasing levels of dietary calcium improved up to 5.99 g/kg and then levelled off. Whole‐body protein, moisture and ash contents improved up to 5.99 g/kg dietary calcium and stabilized thereafter. However, whole‐body fat exhibited reverse pattern and decreased with incremental levels of dietary calcium up to 5.99 g/kg. Whole‐body and vertebrae mineralization was also significantly affected (p < .05) by the increasing dietary calcium levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < .05) up to 6.71 g/kg, and no change was recorded beyond this level. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not influenced (p > .05) by dietary calcium levels. The Ca–P ratio remained static in the whole body, vertebrae and serum. Broken‐line regression analysis of data obtained on growth, mineralization and serum ALP activity against increasing levels of dietary calcium reflected the optimum calcium requirement between 5.77–6.81 g/kg diet.
Effect of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation testing on the oral sugar test in horses when performed as a combined protocol
Authors: Hodge Elizabeth , Kowalski Alycia , Torcivia Catherine , Lindborg Sue , Stefanovski Darko , Hart Kelsey , Frank Nicholas , van Eps Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of parallel dynamic tests to identify insulin dysregulation (ID) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses could have better diagnostic utility than measuring baseline hormone concentrations, if the tests do not alter diagnostic interpretation of one another.HypothesisPerforming a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test before an oral sugar test (OST) would not affect results of OST.AnimalsTwenty‐six healthy university‐owned horses.MethodsA prospective randomized placebo‐controlled, crossover design was used to evaluate 3 OST protocols: OST alone, TRH followed by OST (TRH + OST), and placebo followed by OST (placebo + OST). Agreement for plasma insulin concentrations and diagnostic interpretation were assessed with Bland‐Altman and logistic regression analyses, respectively.ResultsBland‐Altman analysis of TRH + OST versus OST alone showed good agreement between testing protocols, with bias ± SD for insulin concentrations at baseline 0.4 ± 4.7 μIU/mL (95% limits of agreement [LOA], −8.8 to 9.7), 60 minute −0.5 ± 22.6 μIU/mL (95% LOA, −44.7 to 43.8), and 90 minute 1.9 ± 20.6 μIU/mL (95% LOA, −38.5 to 42.4) after OST, similar to placebo + OST versus OST alone. Diagnostic interpretation (positive/negative) was not different between protocols (TRH + OST versus OST alone [P = .78], placebo + OST versus OST alone [P = .77], or TRH + OST versus placebo + OST [P = .57]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConcurrent testing for PPID and ID with a TRH stimulation test before an OST is an acceptable diagnostic tool for investigation of endocrinopathies in horses and allows accurate testing to be performed efficiently in 1 visit.
A hidden technological assumption in patent law: The case of gene patents and the disclosure requirement
Authors: Cohen‐Sasson Or 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe disclosure requirement in patent law is designed to reveal knowledge regarding a patented invention to allow proper understanding and utilization of that invention. The contention offered here is the presence of an inherent incompatibility between the disclosure requirement and genetic inventions. Genetic inventions are highly contingent on big genetic statistical data (GSD), which is gathered during the commercial phase of a genetic invention. GSD are essential for various purposes, which at least some should be satisfied by the disclosure. However, since GSD can be gathered only at the postapplication period, GSD are not disclosed through the disclosure requirement. Therefore, there is a disclosure‐genetics incompatibility. This incompatibility prevents patent law from fully accomplishing its intended purpose. The origins of this incompatibility can be traced to the structure of the disclosure requirement, a consequence of a hidden technological assumption in patent law regarding the very perception of what is an invention. Patent law perceives all inventions as fully revealed objects and not as semirevealed objects. That creates a difficulty that may be more pervasive than for genetics alone. Thus, acknowledging this technological assumption facilitates the introduction of an insight regarding the fully revealed/semirevealed spectrum regarding inventions in other, nongenetic technological fields.
Changes in alpha‐foetoprotein and Gc‐globulin in relation to outcomes in non‐acetaminophen acute liver failure
Authors: Singh Sundeep , Hynan Linda S. , Rule Jody A. , Lee William M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundChanges in Gc‐globulin (Gc) and in alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) have been shown to be related to outcome in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Gc is a serum protein that complexes with intravascular actin released during cellular necrosis. AFP, also made by hepatocytes, is associated with hepatocellular growth and regeneration. Previously, low absolute levels or decreases over time in either AFP or Gc portended to be a poor outcome.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of the double‐blind trial of intravenous N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) for ALF not because of acetaminophen, sera on days 1 and 3 or days 2 and 4 following admission were available to measure AFP in 70 patients and Gc in 66 patients. Mann‐Whitney U tests were performed on the admission values, the absolute change and the fractional change of AFP and Gc to compare TFS (transplant‐free survival) and non‐TFS (death or transplantation). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the markers in comparison and in addition to King's College Criteria (KCC).ResultsTransplant‐free survival patients were characterized by increases in AFP, whereas non‐TFS had significantly different (negative) absolute and fractional changes (P < .01). The addition of declining AFP levels to KCC improved the area under the curve in predicting non‐TFS (AUC >70%). Gc globulin values did not differ between TFS and non‐TFS in the 2‐day intervals studied (P> .2).ConclusionIn this comparison of two prognostic markers in patients with non‐acetaminophen‐induced ALF, rising AFP but not rising Gc levels was associated with TFS. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00004467.
Characterisation of candidemia in patients with recent surgery: A 7‐year experience
Authors: Orsetti Elena , Brescini Lucia , Mazzanti Sara , Trave Francesca , Morroni Gianluca , Masucci Annamaria , Barchiesi Francesco 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCandidemia can complicate major surgical procedures. However, literature data are scanty on this topic. In this study, we evaluated the epidemiology, clinical and microbiologic characteristics and outcome of candidemia in adult patients with recent surgery hospitalised in a single University Hospital in Central Italy from 2010 to 2016. Of the 304 episodes of candidemia, 160 (53%) occurred in surgical patients (SPs) while the remaining 144 (47%) in patients without history of recent surgery (non‐SPs). Although either underlying chronic comorbidities (ie haematological malignancies, neurological and gastrointestinal diseases) or acute complications (ie pneumonia and septic shock) were less likely to occur in SPs than in non‐SPs, 30‐day mortality did not differ between groups being 38% and 42%, respectively. The specific risk factors significantly more common in SPs who died within 30 days were as follows: male gender, older age, being hospitalised in ICU rather than in other wards, having a higher Charlson's score, undergoing previous invasive procedures, haemodialysis, the presence of pneumonia, septic shock, acute kidney failure and the type of surgery. In particular, either gastrointestinal or cardiovascular surgeries were characterised by the highest mortality rates. Multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of septic shock (HR 10.3131 [CI95% 1.176‐90.466; P = .035] and ICU stay (HR 2.016 [CI95% 1.178‐3.448; P = .011] was independently associated with higher mortality in SPs. Overall, these data show that candidemia in SPs is characterised by significant mortality and distinctive features.
Prolonged lead dwell time and lead burden predict bailout transfemoral lead extraction
Authors: Gould Justin , Sidhu Baldeep.S. , Porter Bradley , Sieniewicz Benjamin. J. , Teall Thomas , Williams Steven.E. , Shetty Anoop , Bosco Paolo , Blauth Christopher , Gill Jaswinder , Rinaldi Christopher. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) may be performed by superior approach using the original implant vein or via a femoral approach; however, limited comparative data exists. We compare outcomes between femoral versus nonfemoral TLE approaches and determine predictors of bailout transfemoral lead extraction in patients undergoing initial TLE via the original implant vein by a superior approach.MethodsAll consecutive TLEs between October 2000 and March 2018 were prospectively collected (n = 1052). Patients were dichotomized into femoral (n = 118) and nonfemoral (n = 934) groups.ResultsDemographics were balanced between femoral vs nonfemoral groups. Patients in the femoral group had significantly higher mean lead dwell times (11.6 ± 9.7 vs 6.6 ± 6.6 years, P < .001), mean number of leads extracted (2.7 ± 1.3 vs 2.0 ± 1.0, P < .001), 30‐day procedure related major complications (including deaths) (8.5% vs 1.1%, P < .001) and emergency thoracotomy rates (4.2% vs 0.7%, P = .007). All‐cause 30‐day mortality rates were similar between groups (3.4% vs 2.0%, P = .315). Prolonged lead dwell time and increased number of leads extracted were predictive of a bailout transfemoral approach at multivariable analysis.ConclusionFemoral approach TLE is associated with increased risk of 30‐day procedure related major complications but not 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Prolonged lead dwell time and increased number of leads extracted are independent predictors for bailout transfemoral lead extraction. Such patients should be considered high risk of major complications and performed by high‐volume lead extraction centers with experience in multiple approaches and techniques including experience with transfemoral lead extraction.
The Historical Presidency: “An Ethnic Presence in the White House?”: Ethnicity, Identity Politics, and the Presidency in the 1970s
Authors: Merton Joe 
Published: August 2019

This article excavates the relationship between the presidency and an emergent white, European “ethnic” identity politics during the 1970s. Rather than a response to cultural drift or backlash politics, presidential efforts to harness “ethnic” identity politics reflected a shifting institutional context. Yet despite establishing the White House as a critical center of the new politics and devising policy and political responses to it, the attentions of the presidency were not always propitious. Instead, the presidency’s efforts profoundly influenced the terms by which ethnic politics was received politically, with destructive consequences for this politics’ potential political incorporation, its interactions with other advocacy groups, and its long‐term future. Historians seeking to explain the fate of the “ethnic” moment of the 1970s should thus pay closer attention to the presidency as a contributor to both its rise and demise. Keywords: ethnicity, white ethnic, identity politics, 1970s, civil rights, social movements