bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-year assimilation of IASI and MLS ozone retrievals: variability of tropospheric ozone over the tropics in response to ENSO
Authors: Peiro Hélène , Emili Emanuele , Cariolle Daniel , Barret Brice , Le Flochmoën Eric 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Instrument (IASI) allows global coverage with very high spatial resolution and its measurements are promising for long-term ozone monitoring. In this study, Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) O3 profiles and IASI O3 partial columns (1013.25–345 hPa) are assimilated in a chemistry transport model to produce 6-hourly analyses of tropospheric ozone for 6 years (2008–2013). We have compared and evaluated the IASI-MLS analysis and the MLS analysis to assess the added value of IASI measurements. The global chemical transport model MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle) has been used with a linear ozone chemistry scheme and meteorological forcing fields from ERA-Interim (ECMWF global reanalysis) with a horizontal resolution of 2°  ×  2° and 60 vertical levels. The MLS and IASI O3 retrievals have been assimilated with a 4-D variational algorithm to constrain stratospheric and tropospheric ozone respectively. The ozone analyses are validated against ozone soundings and tropospheric column ozone (TCO) from the OMI-MLS residual method. In addition, an Ozone ENSO Index (OEI) is computed from the analysis to validate the TCO variability during the ENSO events. We show that the assimilation of IASI reproduces the variability of tropospheric ozone well during the period under study. The variability deduced from the IASI-MLS analysis and the OMI-MLS measurements are similar for the period of study. The IASI-MLS analysis can reproduce the extreme oscillation of tropospheric ozone caused by ENSO events over the tropical Pacific Ocean, although a correction is required to reduce a constant bias present in the IASI-MLS analysis.
Preliminary verification for application of a support vector machine-based cloud detection method to GOSAT-2 CAI-2
Authors: Oishi Yu , Ishida Haruma , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Nakamura Ryosuke , Matsunaga Tsuneo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was launched in 2009 to measure global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. GOSAT is equipped with two sensors: the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations (TANSO)-Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and TANSO-Cloud and Aerosol Imager (CAI). The presence of clouds in the instantaneous field of view of the FTS leads to incorrect estimates of the concentrations. Thus, the FTS data suspected to have cloud contamination must be identified by a CAI cloud discrimination algorithm and rejected. Conversely, overestimating clouds reduces the amount of FTS data that can be used to estimate greenhouse gas concentrations. This is a serious problem in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Amazon, where the amount of useable FTS data is small because of cloud cover. Preparations are continuing for the launch of the GOSAT-2 in fiscal year 2018. To improve the accuracy of the estimates of greenhouse gases concentrations, we need to refine the existing CAI cloud discrimination algorithm: Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm (CLAUDIA1). A new cloud discrimination algorithm using a support vector machine (CLAUDIA3) was developed and presented in another paper. Although the use of visual inspection of clouds as a standard for judging is not practical for screening a full satellite data set, it has the advantage of allowing for locally optimized thresholds, while CLAUDIA1 and -3 use common global thresholds. Thus, the accuracy of visual inspection is better than that of these algorithms in most regions, with the exception of snow- and ice-covered surfaces, where there is not enough spectral contrast to identify cloud. In other words, visual inspection results can be used as truth data for accuracy evaluation of CLAUDIA1 and -3. For this reason visual inspection can be used for the truth metric for the cloud discrimination verification exercise. In this study, we compared CLAUDIA1–CAI and CLAUDIA3–CAI for various land cover types, and evaluated the accuracy of CLAUDIA3–CAI by comparing both CLAUDIA1–CAI and CLAUDIA3–CAI with visual inspection (400  ×  400 pixels) of the same CAI images in tropical rainforests. Comparative results between CLAUDIA1–CAI and CLAUDIA3–CAI for various land cover types indicated that CLAUDIA3–CAI had a tendency to identify bright surface and optically thin clouds. However, CLAUDIA3–CAI had a tendency to misjudge the edges of clouds compared with CLAUDIA1–CAI. The accuracy of CLAUDIA3–CAI was approximately 89.5 % in tropical rainforests, which is greater than that of CLAUDIA1–CAI (85.9 %) for the test cases presented here.
Comparison of landslide forecasting services in Piedmont (Italy) and Norway, illustrated by events in late spring 2013
Authors: Devoli Graziella , Tiranti Davide , Cremonini Roberto , Sund Monica , Boje Søren 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Only few countries operate systematically national and regional forecasting services for rainfall-induced landslides (i.e., debris flows, debris avalanches and shallow slides), among them Norway and Italy. In Norway, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) operates a landslide forecasting service at national level. In Italy, the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, ARPA Piemonte, is responsible for issuing landslide warnings for the Piedmont region, located in northwestern Italy. A daily hazard assessment is performed, describing both expected awareness level and type of landslide hazard for a selected warning region. Both services provide regular landslide hazard assessments based on a combination of quantitative thresholds and daily rainfall forecasts together with qualitative expert analysis. Daily warning reports are published at http://www.arpa.piemonte.gov.it/rischinaturali and http://www.varsom.no, last access: 7 May 2018. In spring 2013, ARPA Piemonte and the NVE issued warnings for hydro-meteorological hazards due to the arrival of a deep and large low-pressure system, called herein Vb cyclone. This kind of weather system is known to produce the largest floods in Europe. Less known is that this weather pattern can trigger landslides as well. In this study, we present the experiences of NVE and ARPA Piemonte in the late spring of 2013. The Vb cyclone influenced weather throughout Europe over a long period, from the end of April until the beginning of June 2013. However, major affects were observed in the first half part of this period in Piedmont, while in Norway, major damage was reported from 15 May to 2 June 2013. Floods and landslides significantly damaged roads, railways, buildings and other infrastructure in both countries. This case study shows that large synoptic pattern can produce different natural hazards in different parts of Europe, from sandstorms at low latitudes, to flood and landslides when the system moves across the mountain regions. These secondary effects were effectively forecasted by the two landslide warning services, operating in different parts of Europe. The landslide risks were also properly communicated to the public some days in advance. This analysis has allowed the establishment of fruitful international collaboration between ARPA Piemonte and NVE and the future exchange of experiences, procedures and methods relating to similar events.
Impossibility of Comparing Data of Indexed Peritoneal Creatinine Clearance when Different Formulae of Body Surface Area are Used
Authors: Ruggieri Giancarlo 
Published: May 2018

Background This study aimed to determine the differences arising form indexing a measured physiological variable by using different body surface area (BSA) estimation formulae. Methods The studied variables were the overall measured peritoneal creatinine clearance plus residual renal clearances (MeasCtCl) of 19 men and 23 women in a stable condition who were undergoing peritoneal dialysis and were a mean 55.7 ± 15.8 and 55.1 ± 14.1 years of age, respectively. The patients had comparable body mass indexes (BMIs; 25.01 ± 4.14 in men and 24.5 ± 3.46 in women). The MeasCtCls were indexed to 1.73 m2 using 5 formulae: by Du Bois, Boyd, Mosteller, Livingston and Yu. The numerical and percentage differences between the MeasCtCl values and each approach to indexation were calculated, as well as the differences between the indexations. Paired t-test and similarity percentage test were used to evaluate the significance of the differences. Results The impossibility of adequately comparing data indexed according to different BSA estimation formulae was shown, documenting a high risk of erroneous evaluations and conclusions. Conclusions Some methods to avoid these errors in clinical applications are suggested, as well as the possibility of indexing only to height.
Fistula Diameter Correlates with Echocardiographic Characteristics in Stable Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hadimeri Ursula , Smedby Örjan , Fransson Sven-Göran , Stegmayr Bernd , Hadimeri Henrik 
Published: May 2018

Aims and background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common finding in hemodialysis patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the diameter of the distal radiocephalic fistula could influence left ventricular variables in stable hemodialysis patients. Methods Nineteen patients were investigated. Measurements of the diameter of the arteriovenous (AV) fistula were performed in 4 different locations. The patients were investigated using M-mode recordings and measurements in the 2D image. Doppler ultrasound was also performed. Transonic measurements were performed after ultrasound investigation. Results Fistula mean and maximal diameter correlated with left ventricular characteristics. Fistula flow correlated neither with the left ventricular characteristics nor with fistula diameters. Conclusions The maximal diameter of the distal AV fistula seems to be a sensitive marker of LVH in stable hemodialysis patients.
Análisis notacional de las acciones de juego realizadas por jugadoras de voleibol en competición universitaria
Authors: Medina-Carrillo J. , García-Tormo J. V. , Morante-Rábago J. C. , Rodríguez-Marroyo J. A. 
Published: May 2018

<p>En los últimos años son numerosos los trabajos de investigación que han aplicado el análisis notacional al estudio del comportamiento técnico-táctico de los deportistas en contextos naturales de competición. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el tipo de acciones realizadas en función del rol de juego desempeñado por jugadoras de voleibol durante la competición. Aplicando principios de análisis notacional se analizaron un total de 19635 acciones, correspondientes a 3 sets de cada uno de los 8 equipos que participaron en el Campeonato de España Universitario de Voleibol en categoría Femenina. Para la obtención de los datos se elaboraron instrumentos <em>ad hoc</em> de observación y registro. Dentro de las acciones realizadas por los diferentes roles de juego específicos, la central llevó a cabo más acciones de bloqueo (25,4%), la colocadora de colocación (31,6%), y la receptora, líbero y opuesta de defensa (38,5, 40,6 y 42,9%, respectivamente). El conocimiento de las acciones realizadas por las jugadoras es de gran ayuda para la optimización del rendimiento, ya que permite el diseño de tareas específicas en función del rol de las jugadoras. </p>
Percepción de las conductas contrarias a la convivencia en el profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria
Authors: Gil Espinosa F. J. , Delgado Noguera M. A. , Chillón Garzón P. 
Published: May 2018

<p>La convivencia escolar en los centros educativos influye en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, así como en el bienestar de los miembros de la comunidad educativa. Además, es una cuestión abordada por numerosos estudios científicos. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es describir y analizar las principales conductas contrarias a la convivencia en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y relacionarlas con variables como la ciudad de procedencia, género del profesor, antigüedad en el cuerpo, desempeño de cargo directivo y ciclo educativo.Los participantes son 147 profesores de Educación Física que ejercen activamente la profesión en centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Dicha muestra cumplimentó individual y expresamente dos cuestionarios diseñados “ad hoc” para evaluar las conductas contrarias a la convivencia en el alumnado. A las conductas se les aplicó la técnica de análisis factorial obteniendo finalmente cinco factores de conducta. Además, se aplicó chi-cuadrado o test exacto de Fisher para relacionar las conductas con otras variables de interés.Se concluye que las conductas contrarias a la convivencia más frecuentes son las disruptivas y las agresiones verbales. Respecto al género del profesorado las conductas pertenecientes a “desafío y acoso” son más frecuentes cuando la profesora es mujer que cuando el profesor es hombre. Cuantos menos años lleva el profesor en el cuerpo, más frecuentes son las conductas pertenecientes a “déficit de atención”. Las conductas pertenecientes a “déficit de atención” y “mal uso de materiales” son más frecuentes cuando el profesor no desempeña ni ha desempeñado cargo directivo alguno. <em></em></p>
Les femmes musulmanes et le « droit de choisir librement »
Authors: Abu-Lughod Lila , Mekki-Berrada Abdelwahed 
Published: May 2018

Tout en soulignant qu’il s’avère illusoire de vouloir séparer les situations personnelles des conditions historiques et politiques de leur émergence, cet article propose une réflexion critique de la notion de libre choix, que l’auteure inscrit dans un réseau de facteurs macrosociaux tels que les tensions internationales ou encore la violence et la pauvreté structurelles. La notion de « libre choix » possède une charge idéologique qui se reflète dans la distinction souvent établie entre les femmes occidentales libérées et la femme musulmane dépourvue de libre choix et victime passive de l’oppression patriarcale. Le libre choix tend aujourd’hui à (re)devenir un critère discriminatoire permettant de distinguer les sociétés les « plus civilisées » (choix et liberté pour les « Occidentales ») de celles qui le sont moins (contrainte et servitude pour les « Orientales »). La violation du libre choix des femmes peut alors contribuer à légitimer l’intervention des industries humanitaire et militaire pour « sauver les musulmanes », comme cela a été le cas dans la guerre d’Afghanistan, à la suite des événements tragiques du 11 septembre 2001. Qui a le pouvoir de réduire « l’Autre », et particulièrement les musulmanes, à des sujets assujettis incapables d’émerger comme sujets agissants ? Des musulmanes souffrent d’un libre choix limité, mais ceci est-il réductible à l’islam ? Le libre choix des Occidentales relève-t-il d’un idéal fantasmé ? Faudrait-il plutôt investiguer la notion de libre choix dans sa complexité intrinsèque reliée aux relations de pouvoir ? Réduire les vies poignantes et tellement complexes des femmes musulmanes à une question de choix plus ou moins libre et éclairé est d’une totale insatisfaction pour l’anthropologue. Afin de mieux saisir cette complexité, l’auteure puise dans son travail ethnographique s’échelonnant sur une vingtaine d’années en milieu rural égyptien pour souligner l’importance du travail (micro)ethnographique qui permet de dépasser les généralités et les simplicités galvaudées par certains médias et romans à sensation (« pulp nonfiction ») qui font et défont l’opinion publique. L’auteure compare ces généralités essentialisantes avec des exemples de vies socialement complexes et ethnographiquement riches de villageoises égyptiennes.
Les femmes musulmanes peuvent-elles parler ?
Authors: Benhadjoudja Leila 
Published: May 2018

Cet article fait suite à une recherche menée à Montréal entre 2011 et 2015 avec des femmes et des féministes musulmanes de différents profils sociologiques. Dans un contexte où l’on parle beaucoup d’elles, mais rarementavec elles, je me suis intéressée à comprendre et à situer les mobilisations militantes des femmes et féministes musulmanes à partir de leur propre point de vue. En m’inscrivant dans une démarche féministe postcoloniale et en adoptant la perspective des chercheurs de l’entre-deux qui écrivent « contre la culture » (Abu-Lughod 1991), je propose de rendre compte des praxis qui constituent la subjectivation féministe musulmane dans le contexte québécois. Cette subjectivation se révèle par des discours complexes où il n’est pas question de choisir ni entre islam et féminisme, ni entre « Orient » et « Occident ». L’islam est vécu comme un ensemble de techniques de soi qui structure la conscience féministe musulmane et qui se traduit à travers des praxis islamiques et antiracistes. Si la plupart des répondantes s’entendent pour penser le féminisme comme une lutte pour la justice sociale, leurs orientations politiques sont plurielles et non homogènes. Cela dit, face à l’objectivation et à l’islamophobie genrée, il s’agit de voir que la subjectivation féministe musulmane articule des résistances où l’islam est vécu comme une source de soi émancipatrice.
Le Terroriste, l’Homme éclairé et le Patriarche
Authors: Selby Jennifer A. , Barras Amélie , Beaman Lori G. 
Published: May 2018

Les personnes de confession musulmane en général et les femmes musulmanes en particulier – plus encore celles d’entre elles installées en Occident –, se trouvent face à une situation délicate : elles sont quotidiennement confrontées à des figures hégémoniques. Dans cet article, nous examinons comment ces figures affectent la vie de nos participantes musulmanes canadiennes, et comment ces mêmes figures délimitent, dans une certaine mesure, les discours et actions de nos participantes. Notre réflexion s’ancre dans l’étude de trois archétypes masculins qui ont émergé inductivement lors de nos analyses, à savoir : le Terroriste, l’Homme éclairé et le Patriarche. Ceux-ci apparaissent régulièrement dans les interactions quotidiennes de nos participantes. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à leurs manières de réagir à ces figures : dans certains cas, elles les (re)produisent ou activent des figures féminines qui répondent à ces figures masculines ; dans d’autres, elles se les (ré)approprient et, dans d’autres cas encore, elles décident simplement de se distancer de toutes ces figures dans lesquelles elle ne se reconnaissent pas. Nous suggérons que les modes de (dé)subjectivation de ces femmes s’insèrent dans leurs pratiques qui consistent à faire ou à défaire, à co-construire ou à déconstruire ces figures. Dans tous les cas, elles ne peuvent pas les éviter. À partir de l’analyse d’entrevues qualitatives réalisées avec des femmes s’identifiant comme musulmanes à Montréal et à Saint-Jean de Terre Neuve, cet article s’articule autour de deux objectifs centraux. Premièrement, nous souhaitons mettre en exergue les relations qui existent entre les différentes figures qui se trouvent être, non pas mutuellement exclusives mais plutôt intimement reliées : elles s’activent l’une l’autre. Deuxièmement, nous souhaitons saisir la complexité de la position dans laquelle le sujet féminin musulman se trouve aujourd’hui. L’emphase mise sur les figures masculines agit comme un révélateur des processus mis en oeuvre par les musulmanes canadiennes pour enclencher et entretenir des modes de (re)subjectivation qui leur sont propres.
Arsenic Trioxide–Coated Stent Is an Endothelium‐Friendly Drug Eluting Stent
Authors: Zhao Yinping , Du Ruolin , Zhou Tian , Yang Dongchuan , Huang Yuhua , Wang Yi , Huang Junli , Ma Xiaoyi , He Fugui , Qiu Juhui , Wang Guixue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn ideal vascular stent would both inhibit in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and promote rapid re‐endothelialization. In the current study, the performance of arsenic trioxide (ATO)‐drug eluting stent (AES) is compared with the bare metal stent, poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid–coating metal stent, and rapamycin‐drug eluting stent (RES). In vivo AES is shown to prevent neointimal hyperplasia more efficiently than the others when implanted into the carotid arteries of rabbits. Moreover, AES promotes endothelial cells proliferation and re‐endothelialization more quickly than RES. In vitro ATO exposure significantly increases the viability, proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of primary porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs), which are critical for endothelialization. However, ATO exposure reduces the viability of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs). The evaluation of mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, and function demonstrates that ATO at 2 µmol L−1 causes enlargement of the mitochondrion, enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in PCAECs but not in PCASMCs. Thus, both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that AES is an effective strategy for rapid re‐endothelialization and inhibition of ISR.
Research Progress on Numerical Models for Self‐Healing Cementitious Materials
Authors: Jefferson Tony , Javierre Etelvina , Freeman Brubeck , Zaoui Ali , Koenders Eddie , Ferrara Liberato 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, research progress on numerical models for self‐healing cementitious materials (SHCMs) is discussed. Models developed specifically for SHCMs, as well as other relevant work, are considered. A summary of current self‐healing (SH) techniques is provided along with descriptions of the processes that govern their behavior. Models for mechanical self‐healing, transport processes in materials with embedded healing systems, fully coupled models, and other modeling techniques used to simulate SH behavior are discussed. The mechanics models discussed include those based on continuum–damage–healing mechanics (CDHM), micromechanics, as well as models that use discrete elements and particle methods. A considerable section is devoted to the simulation of carbonation in concrete since the essential mechanisms that govern this process are applicable to SH systems that employ calcite as a healing material. A number of transport models for simulating early‐age self‐healing are also considered. This highlights the fact that there are currently very few papers that describe fully coupled models, although a number of approaches that couple some aspects of transport and mechanical healing behavior are discussed. This article closes with a discussion that highlights the fact that many models are presented with limited or no experimental validation.