bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Respiratory Mechanics and Neural Respiratory Drive After Restoration of Spontaneous Circulation in a Porcine Model Subjected to Different Downtimes of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yang Zhengfei , Zheng Houzhen , Lin Lin , Hou Jingying , Wen Cai , Wang Yue , Ling Qin , Jiang Longyuan , Tang Wanchun , Chen Rui 
Published: September 2019

Background

The potential alterations of respiratory pathophysiology after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) are relatively undefined. While untreated arrest is known to affect post–cardiopulmonary resuscitation circulation, whether it affects respiratory pathophysiology remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the post–cardiopulmonary resuscitation changes in respiratory mechanics and neural respiratory drive with varying delays (5 or 10 minutes) in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (
VF
).

Methods and Results

Twenty‐six male Yorkshire pigs were used. Anesthetized pigs weighing 38±5 kg were randomized into 3 groups (n=10 each in the
VF
5 and
VF
10 groups, with
VF
kept untreated for 5 and 10 minutes, respectively, and n=6 in the sham group without
VF
). Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pulse‐induced contour cardiac output, respiratory mechanics, diaphragmatic electromyogram, blood gas, lung imaging, and histopathology were evaluated for 12 hours. Significantly elevated mean root mean square of diaphragmatic electromyogram, transdiaphragmatic pressure, and minute ventilation were observed, but reduced minute ventilation/mean root mean square, dynamic pulmonary compliance, and Pa
o
2
were noted in both
VF
groups. Despite recovery of spontaneous breathing, the abnormalities in respiratory mechanics and neural respiratory drive, Pa
o
2
, and extravascular lung water continued to last for >12 hours. The changes in imaging (
P
=0.027) and histopathology (
P
=0.012) were more severe in the
VF
10 group compared with the VF5 group.

Conclusions
There is an uncoupling between the respiratory center and ventilation after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Prolonged untreated arrest from cardiac arrest contributes to more serious alterations in lung pathophysiology.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Promotes Apoptosis of Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells Via Inhibition of the Antiapoptotic Factors
Authors: Luo Yang , Dong Yuhang , Liang Shengran , Yuan Lihong , Men Hongsheng , Zhang Shulin , Tian Sujuan , Fu Xiaoyi , Dong Bin , Meng Minjie 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide, a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, has been used as an adjuvant in clinic and in the antitumor activity. However, the antitumor mechanism of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide against human bladder cancer is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanism of anticancer effect of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide on T24 cells (a human bladder cancer cell line). Methods: The cytotoxic activity of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide was examined by cell viability assay in the presence and absence of 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Apoptosis and cell-cycle phase distribution were detected by flow cytometry analysis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide cytotoxicity, the expression of antiapoptotic factors (B-cell lymphoma-2 and Survivin, β-actin as control) in RNA, and protein level was assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and automated capillary Western blot. Results: The inhibition ratio of T24 cells treated with both cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-fluorouracil was higher than those treated with either cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide or 5-fluorouracil alone. In the combination group (cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide and 5-fluorouracil), the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and more cells were arrested at “S” and “G2/M” phases compared to those in cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide or 5-fluorouracil alone. Furthermore, the expression of antiapoptotic factors was decreased by cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide alone or combined with 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide promoted apoptosis and enhanced the chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil in T24 cells. Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic factors and inhibited cell-cycle phase by arresting more cells at “S” and “G2/M” phases. This study indicated the potential ability of cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide as a candidate drug for human bladder cancer.
A survey exploring biomedical editors’ perceptions of editorial interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines
Authors: Blanco David , Hren Darko , Kirkham Jamie J. , Cobo Erik , Schroter Sara 
Published: September 2019

Background: Improving the completeness of reporting of biomedical research is essential for improving its usability. For this reason, hundreds of reporting guidelines have been created in the last few decades but adherence to these remains suboptimal. This survey aims to inform future evaluations of interventions to improve adherence to reporting guidelines. In particular, it gathers editors’ perceptions of a range of interventions at various stages in the editorial process. Methods: We surveyed biomedical journal editors that were knowledgeable about this topic. The questionnaire included open and closed questions that explored (i) the current practice of their journals, (ii) their perceptions of the ease of implementation and the potential effectiveness of different interventions, (iii) the barriers and facilitators associated with these interventions, and (iv) suggestions for future interventions and incentives. Results: Of the 99 editors invited, 24 (24%) completed the survey. Involving trained editors or administrative staff was deemed the potentially most effective intervention but, at the same time, it was considered moderately difficult to implement due to logistic and resource issues. Participants believed that checking adherence to guidelines goes beyond the role of peer reviewers and could decrease the overall quality of reviews. Journals incentivising adherence, and publishers and medical institutions encouraging journals to adopt strategies to boost adherence were two recurrent themes. Conclusions: Further evaluation of interventions are required. These evaluations could take into account the points raised in this survey.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia necessitating exchange transfusion due to maternal sickle cell crisis
Authors: Ambulkar Hemant , Bhat Ravindra , Greenough Anne 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a number of fetal complications such as intra-uterine death, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth, low birth weight and an increased perinatal mortality and morbidity. Hyperbilirubinaemia necessitating exchange transfusion in an infant of a mother with SCD, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described.

Case presentation
An infant was delivered at 33 weeks and 5 days of gestation due to a maternal sickle cell crisis. The infant had an unconjugated bilirubin level of 153 μmol/L on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit at 30 min of age. Phototherapy was immediately commenced, intravenous immunoglobulin administered and then a double-volume exchange transfusion was performed. There was, however, no evidence of haemolysis in the infant and the infant’s haemoglobin level remained stable following the exchange. No further exchange transfusions were required. The mother had a high unconjugated bilirubin level (151 μmol/L) prior to delivery.

Conclusion
High neonatal unconjugated bilirubin levels necessitating exchange transfusion can occur due to haemolysis in the maternal circulation, in this case due to SCD.
Notiz zur Thermochemie des Bors
Authors: Roth W. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Zwei moderne Arbeiten über die Bildungswärmen von glasigem B2O3 werden kritisch durchgerechnet; mit Hilfe der verbesserten Werte werden die Bildungswärmen der bisher thermisch untersuchten Borverbindungen neu berechnet und mit den Werten für analoge Verbindungen der Nachbarelemente verglichen
Das Trennrohr mit hohem Druck und radialem elektrischen Feld 1 II. Erscheinungen der Turbulenz
Authors: Becker Erwin Willy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
1. Der Entmischungsvorgang im Clusius-Dickelsehen Trennrohr wird erstmalig bei hohem Druck im Bereich von 1-26 atm untersucht (Wandabstand = 4,2 mm). Es zeigt sich, daß die Turbulenz besonders bei hohem Druck die Trennschärfe des Rohres gegenüber der Erwartung nach der laminaren Theorie außerordentlich vergrößert. Die Verbesserung der Trennschärfe wird durch eine Verminderung des Transportes so kompensiert, daß die Energieausbeute von turbulenter und laminarer Entmischung übereinstimmen. Die Tur-bulenz läßt sich in den laminaren Trennrohrformeln durch Einführung eines effektiven Wandabstandes berücksichtigen.
2. Die Wirbelbildung bei hohem Druck kann mit einem radialen elektrischen Feld stark beeinflußt werden. Im außen geheizten Trennrohr wird sie durch Elektrostriktions-kräfte vermindert, im innen geheizten dagegen verstärkt. Bei dem als Modellgas verwendeten Stickstoff-Kohlensäure-Gemisch unter 16 atm Druck kann der Wirkungsgrad der Trennung durch die Kombination von Turbulenz und Feld gegenüber den optimalen laminaren Verhältnissen verbessert werden. I m ersten Teil dieser Arbeit 1 wurde die Frage
Ergebnisse der Tieftemperaturforschung
Authors: Clusius Klaus , Wolf Gerhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
1. Es wird ein Goldkalorimeter beschrieben, in dem die kalorischen Eigenschaften von DCl, DBr und DJ zwischen 15° abs und dem Siedepunkt untersucht werden. 2. Die Reindarstellung dieser Gase und eine Anordnung zu ihrer Rektifikation wird angegeben. 3. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind in Tab. 1 zusammengestellt und werden mit den entsprechenden Resultaten für die leichten Verbindungen verglichen. Es ergaben sich für das "normale" Verhalten der deuterierten gegenüber den leichten Verbindungen folgende Regeln: a) Die Molwärme der D-Verbindung liegt an entsprechenden Stellen der Molwärmenkurve im festen und flüssigen Zustand höher als die der II-Verbindung, b) Die Schmelztemperatur der D-Verbindung liegt um einige Zehntel-grade tiefer, ihre Schmelzwärme ist um einige cal kleiner als die der H-Verbindung, c) Der Tripelpunktsdruck der D-Verbindung ist 5 bis 15% kleiner als der der H-Verbindung. d) Die Umwandlungstemperaturen liegen bei den D-Verbindungen einige Grade höher, die Umwandlungswärmen sind um etwa 10% größer als bei den H-Verbindungen. - Das auffallendste Ergebnis, daß HBr drei, DBr dagegen nur zwei Umwand-lungspunkte zeigt, ist vor kurzem eingehend erörtert worden .
4. Schlieβlich werden noch die kalorischen und statistischen Entropien von DBr und DJ bei einer Atmosphäre Druck am Siedenpunkt miteinander vergleichen:
Zur Theorie der Diffusionspumpe
Authors: Jaeckel Rudolf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Im Anschluß an die grundlegenden Veröffentlichungen von Gaede werden im folgenden die physikalischen Vorgänge in der Diffusionspumpe theoretisch behandelt und an der Öldiffusionspumpe von Jaeckel-Schröder geprüft. Die Formeln für die quantitative Erfassung der physikalischen Vorgänge in den Pumpen werden in 1. und 2. Näherung aufgestellt. Auf Grund dieser Formeln ist es möglich, 1. die Leistungen von Diffusionspumpen zu berechnen, 2. die Dimensionierung einer Diffusionspumpe für eine bestimmte Leistung im voraus festzulegen.
Über elektrische Wellen längs eines dielektrischen Zylinders in einer dielektrischen Umgebung, wobei eines oder beide der beiden Medien Plasmen sind
Authors: Schumann Winfried Otto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird die Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen längs Kreiszylindern untersucht: 1. Dielektrischer Zylinder in Plasmaatmosphäre, 2. Plasmazylinder in dielektrischer Atmosphäre, 3. Plasmazylinder in Plasmaatmosphäre. Ferner werden die stehenden Wellen (Eigen-schwingungen) untersucht, die durch zwei ebene, leitende Wände senkrecht zur Zylinderachse erzeugt werden. Infolge der Dispersion der Dielektrizitätskonstante eines Plasmas und der Tatsache, daß diese auch negativ werden kann, ergibt sich eine Vielzahl von Wellentypen, in den meisten Fällen die Möglichkeit einer Ausbreitung nur in endlichen, begrenzten Frequenzgebieten, und die Tatsache, daß die Phasengeschwindigkeit mit der Frequenz sowohl erheblich zu-als auch abnehmen kann. Am deutlichsten zeigt sich dies in Paradoxien des Verlaufs der Eigenfrequenzen des Systems des durch zwei Ebenen begrenzten Zylinders. Grenzflächenwellen mit geringer Phasen-und Gruppengeschwindigkeit und starker Energiekonzentration unmittelbar an der Grenzfläche Zylinder-Außenraum sind in allen Fällen möglich
Die Löslichkeit von Bromsilber in komplexbildenden Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Jahn E.L. , Staude H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Löslichkeit von AgBr wird mittels einer verbesserten Methode, die eine größere Genauigkeit zuläßt, in Natriumsulfit-Lösungen in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur zwischen 2° C und 50° C bestimmt. Aus den erhaltenen Werten wird die Reaktionswärme, die Reaktionsarbeit und die Reaktionsentropie berechnet.
Über die Fehlerverteilung bei der photometrischen Bestimmung von Isotopenhäufigkeiten
Authors: Mattauch Josef 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bei der mit H. Ewald ausgearbeiteten photometrischen Methode der Messung relativer Isotopenhäufigkeiten gelangte ausschließlich eine bestimmte mit Hilfe von J. Eggert entwickelte Plattensorte der Agfa zur Verwendung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird an Hand des recht umfangreichen Beobachtungsmateriales die Verteilung der Streuung der nach dieser Methode gemessenen Isotopenhäufigkeiten untersucht und mit der Theorie der zufälligen Fehler verglichen. Es ergibt sich, daß der Fehler der Streuung etwa j 2-mal größer war, als theoretisch zu erwarten ist. Die plausibelste Annahme scheint zu sein, daß jeweils nur die Hälfte der Einzelbeobachtungen eines Häufigkeitsverhältnisses statistisch unabhängige Fehler zeigen, d. h. daß z. B. die Fehler von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Beobachtungen genau die gleichen sind. Da die statistischen Fehler sicher zum größten Teil durch Inhomogenitäten der photographischen Schicht hervorgerufen werden, wäre der gefundene Effekt zu verstehen, wenn die Durchschnittsgröße der jeweils als homogen anzusehenden Bezirke so ist, daß durch sie im Durchschnitt die Intensitäten entsprechender Linien von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aufnahmen in der gleichen Weise beeinflußt werden.
Das Termsystem eines Ions mit zwei d-Außenelektronen in einem Feld oktaedrischer Symmetrie Farbe und Konstitution von Komplexverbindungen 3. Mitteilung
Authors: Ilse Friedrich Ernst , Hartmann Hermann 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es werden die Verschiebungen und Aufspaltungen der Terme eines Ions mit zwei d-Elektronen als Außenelektronen in einem elektrischen Feld oktaedrischer Symmetrie gruppen-theoretisch und unter Anwendung von Störungsrechnung untersucht.
Über die Lichtabsorption komplexer Ionen des dreiwertigen Vanadins mit oktaedrischer Symmetrie
Authors: Hartmann Hermann , Schläfer Hans Ludwig 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Lichtabsorptionseigenschaften einer Reihe von Lösungen der Komplexionen des dreiwertigen Vanadins vom Typus [V A6]3+, wo A H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH sowie iso-C4H9OH ist, wurden gemessen. Ferner wurden die Absorptionsspektren von kristallisiertem Ammonium-sowie Caesiumvanadin(III)-alaun aufgenommen.
Intensitätsverhältnisse und spektrale Lage der in allen Spektren auftretenden langwelligen Banden stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Aussagen der Theorie für den Fall eines Zentralions mit zwei d-Elektronen bei Oh-Symmetrie des Komplexfeldes.
Sauerstoffisotopieeffekte und Hydratstruktur von Alkalihalogenid-Lösungen in H2O und D2O / Oxygen Isotope Effects and Hydrate Structure of Alkali Halide Solutions in H2O and D2O
Authors: Götz D. , Heinzinger K. 
Published: September 2019

The fractionation of the oxygen isotopes in solutions of LiCl, NaCl. KCl, KBr, KJ and CsCl with H2O and D2O as solvent has been measured at 25 °C by means of the CO2-equilibration technique. As opposed to earlier measurements a slight anion dependence for the potassium halides has been found in H2O. This anion effect is much more pronounced in D2O. It even leads to a change in the directions of the 180 enrichment between cationic hydration water and bulk water for KCl and KBr. The absolute values of the fractionation factors for LiCl and CsCl, which differ in sign in H2O in agreement with positive and negative cationic hydration, respectively, as known from other kinds of measurements, is increased for LiCl and decreased for CsCl in D2O. There is no fractionation of the oxygen isotopes between hydration water and bulk water in both solvents for NaCl.
The solvent isotope effect is explained by the stronger anion influence on the structure of the bulk water in D2O as compared with H2O. This stronger influence is expected because of the higher structural order in D2O than in H2O at the same temperature.
Identification of Thorium-236
Authors: Kaffrell N. , Trautmann N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The new nuclide 236Th has been produced via the (γ, 2 p) reaction by irradiation of 238U with 140 MeV bremsstrahlung. After chemical separation of thorium, the half-life was determined to be 36 ± 3 min -from the growth-decay curve of the strongest γ-ray transition of the daughter nuclide, 9 min 236Pa.
Physicochemical and micronutrients properties of vermicompost produced from municipal solid waste in National Thermal Power Corporation, Barh, Bihar, India
Authors: Mishra Ranjan Kumar , Choudhary Sunil Kumar , Kumar Prashant Chandra , Das Bishnu Dev , Kumari Ruby 
Published: September 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The present study has been carried out to investigate the physicochemical and micronutrients properties of vermicompost generated from the major municipal biodegradable solid waste (fruits and vegetables) by using two common species of earthworm i.e., <em>Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia</em> in National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Barh, Bihar (India).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Compost pH was measured in distilled water (free of CO<sub>2</sub>) using 10 g of compost sample and 25 ml distilled water (ratio 1:2.5). The suspension was agitated for 3-5 min and placed for half an hour before measuring the pH value with a glass. Organic carbon was measured by Walkey and Black method, total N by Kajeldahl method, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> was determined by means of colorimetric method and K<sub>2</sub>O, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, Fe and B were determined by the means of Hi Media Kit. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the micronutrients in harvested vermicompost, increase in Zn, Cu and B contents and slight decrease in Mo content were observed when compared to standards given in soil health card of the State Government of Bihar. Mn and Fe were found to be critical in the harvested vermicompost samples. The level of boron (B) in vermicompost was found much higher than the required availability in the soil.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> On the basis of overall physicochemical as well as micronutrients properties of the vermicompost prepared in NTPC is of better quality in compared to the other vermicompost. </p>
Vitamin D status and its relation with insulin resistance and VDR-FokI polymorphism in Iranian non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) patients: a case-control study
Authors: Rezaiian Fatemeh , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ehsani Amir Houshang , Kalayi Ali , Shariatzadeh Nastaran , Zahedirad Maliheh , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Sunlight exposure, the main source of endogenous vitamin D synthesis, may increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with 25(OH)D levels, cancer development and insulin resistance. This study was aimed to examine the associations among vitamin D status, VDR FokI polymorphism, insulin resistance and NMSC.
Methods: This case-control study included 73 diagnosed cases of NMSC and 72 healthy controls from dermatology clinics at Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was used to assess sunlight exposure. The extracted DNA from whole blood samples were genotyped. Fasting serum 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25(OH)D)), lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were measured. To evaluate insulin resistance, HOMA-IR formula was used.
Results: We found a significant higher duration of cumulative sunlight exposure in cases compared with controls (p<0.001). However, 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly different between cases and controls (30±15 vs. 29±15 ng/mL, p=0.78). Higher levels of insulin (p = 0.004) and HOMA-IR score (p= 0.019) were observed in Ff and ff genotype of FokI. We did not observe any significant increased risk of NMSC due to f allele, as compared with FF (OR =2.33, 95% CI 0.81-6.75, p=0.12). The components of lipid profile, fasting serum glucose, iPTH and anthropometric measures did not differ significantly across VDR genotypes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, sunlight exposure was associated with NMSC risk. VDR FokI polymorphisms appears to influence insulin resistance in the NMSC patients.
Keywords: sun exposure; non-melanoma skin cancer; polymorphisms; insulin resistance
Risk factors of anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Rwanda: implications for designing better interventions
Authors: Hakizimana Dieudonne , Nisingizwe Marie Paul , Logan Jenae , Wong Rex 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing Rwanda where It was increased comparing 2015 to 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) reports. A thorough understanding of the its risk factors is necessary to design new better approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study assessing factors associated with anemia among WRA has been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to identify anemia risk factors among WRA in Rwanda. Methods This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) 2014-2015. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having equal or below to 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal or below to 11.9 g/ for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis respectively. We reported Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) and p-values. We used Stata version 14.2 for all analyses. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0 - 20.5). After controlling for other variables, the factors associated with were being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.91), being in rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.73). The factors associated with higher odds of anemia were being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.78), using an Intra Uterus Device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 3.75), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations, improve women economic status, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for IUD users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.