bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakened portfolio effects constrain management effectiveness for population aggregates
Authors: Freshwater Cameron , Anderson Sean C. , Holt Kendra R. , Huang Ann‐Marie , Holt Carrie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPopulation diversity can reduce temporal variability in aggregate population abundances in a process known as the portfolio effect. Portfolio effects may weaken, however, due to greater synchrony among component populations. While weakened portfolio effects have been previously documented, the consequences of reduced stability on meeting conservation goals for population aggregates that are harvested (e.g., stock aggregates in fisheries) are rarely quantified. Here, we demonstrate how changes in variability within components, synchrony among components, and population productivity interact to influence the probability of achieving an array of management objectives for Fraser River sockeye salmon: a stock aggregate of high economic, ecological, and cultural value. We first present evidence that component variability and synchrony have increased over the last two decades, consistent with a weakening portfolio effect. We then parameterize a stochastic, closed‐loop model that simulates the population dynamics of each stock, the fishery that harvests the stock aggregate, and the management framework used to establish mixed‐stock exploitation rates. We find that while median aggregate abundance and catch through time were relatively insensitive to greater aggregate variability, catch stability and performance metrics associated with achieving management targets generally declined as component variability and synchrony increased. A notable exception we observed is that harvest control means that scale exploitation rates based on aggregate abundance may be more effective as synchrony increases. Reductions in productivity led to broad declines in performance, but also moderated the impacts of component variability and synchrony on the proportion of component stocks above management targets and catch stability. Our results suggest that even precautionary management strategies that account for declines in productivity may underestimate risk, particularly to socioeconomic objectives, if they fail to consider changes in aggregate variability. Adequately incorporating changes in portfolio effect strength may be particularly relevant when developing recovery strategies that are robust to climate change, which is likely to increase synchrony and component variability.
Sex‐specific population dynamics of ocelots in Belize using open population spatial capture–recapture
Authors: Satter Christopher B. , Augustine Ben C. , Harmsen Bart J. , Foster Rebecca J. , Kelly Marcella J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe used open population, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models to estimate sex‐specific density, survival, per capita recruitment, and population growth rate of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) at five sites in Belize with up to 12 yr of data per site. Open population SCR models enabled us to separate survival and recruitment from migration using an ecologically realistic, spatially explicit movement model. Yearly survival probability across 4 broadleaf forest sites was estimated at 0.73–0.84 for males and 0.81–0.87 for females, with no clear indication of sex differences. Yearly per capita recruitment was estimated across four broadleaf forest sites at 0.06–0.08 recruits/N for males and 0.09–0.12 recruits/N for females, again with no clear indication of sex differences. At a pine forest site with a population comprised largely of males, survival and recruitment estimates were similar to the broadleaf sites. Population densities in the broadleaf forest sites ranged from 6.5 to 14.7 ocelots/100 km2, and 0.9–2.5 ocelots/100 km2 in the pine forest site, with strong evidence of a female‐biased sex ratio in the broadleaf sites and a male‐biased sex ratio in the pine forest site. We also found strong evidence that female within‐year space use at the broadleaf sites was smaller than that of males, and that within‐year space use at the pine forest site was larger than that at broadleaf sites. Between‐year home‐range relocation at broadleaf sites was of a similar spatial scale as within‐year space use, consistent with philopatry. We found evidence of a small population decline (posterior probability > 0.9) at two of four broadleaf sites; however, given the level of uncertainty about decline magnitudes, we suggest continued monitoring of these sites to increase site‐years and gain further precision on population growth rate estimates. Estimating demographic parameters at large spatial and temporal scales is important for establishing reliable baseline estimates for future comparison and for understanding changes in population dynamics. Long‐term data sets like those we collected are of particular importance for long‐lived species living at low densities and large spatial scales, where not many individuals are exposed to capture in any one year.
Snowpack influences spatial and temporal soil nitrogen dynamics in a western U.S. montane forested watershed
Authors: Yano Yuriko , Qubain Claire , Holyman Zach , Jencso Kelsey , Hu Jia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeclines in winter snowpack have increased the severity of summer droughts in western U.S. forests, with the potential to also impact soil available nitrogen (N). To understand how snowpack controls spatiotemporal N availability, we examined seasonal N dynamics across elevation, aspect, and topographic position (hollow vs. slope) in a forested watershed in the northern Rocky Mountains. As expected, peak snow‐water equivalent (SWE) was generally greater at higher elevations and on north‐facing aspects. However, the effects of topographic position and snowdrift led to variability in snow accumulation at smaller spatial scales. Spatial patterns of the snowpack, in turn, influenced soil moisture and temperature, with greater SWE leading to generally higher soil moisture levels during the summer and smaller temperature fluctuations throughout the year. Wetter conditions in spring or fall generally supported greater inorganic N pools, but at the driest locations (low‐elevation slope), pulses of N mineralization in summer may have played important roles in overall N dynamics. More importantly, soil moisture during the summer appeared to be more influenced by antecedent snowpack from the previous year than by current‐year summer rain. Subsequently, N mineralization under snowpack may be strongly influenced by soil moisture and temperature conditions from the previous fall, before snowpack accumulation. Together, our results indicate that snowpack strongly influences N dynamics beyond the current growing season in western coniferous forests through mediation of soil moisture and temperature, and suggest that further decline in winter snowpack may affect these forests through constraints in both water and N availability.
Species‐pair associations, null models, and tests of mechanisms structuring ecological communities
Authors: Cordero Ruben D. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiotic interactions and niche processes are fundamental determinants of community structure and species co‐occurrence. Most studies of species co‐occurrence have focused on negative association patterns (segregation presumed to arise from competition), often ignoring positive aggregations, although positive and negative associations may arise from multiple mechanisms. We used a pairwise approach to identify co‐occurrence patterns of 76 fish species across almost 9500 lakes, followed by a meta‐analytic approach to compare the co‐occurrence pattern of each species pair across watersheds and determine their cumulative species associations. Biological information relating to species’ phylogeny, habitat preferences, and diet was used to group species into relevant subsets in order to test community assembly processes of competition, predation, and habitat filtering. We found consistent non‐random patterns of co‐occurrence in nearly half the species pairs and more extremely aggregated than segregated species pairs. Observed co‐occurrence patterns indicated the importance of shared habitat requirements and predation, rather than competition, driving positively aggregated and negatively segregated species associations, respectively. Our meta‐analytic approach incorporating important biological attributes permitted the testing of specific mechanisms of community assembly, providing novel insights into the major determinants of fish community structure and their generality across a vast set of lakes.
Long‐term influence of early human occupations on current forests of the Guiana Shield
Authors: Odonne Guillaume , van den Bel Martijn , Burst Maxime , Brunaux Olivier , Bruno Miléna , Dambrine Etienne , Davy Damien , Desprez Mathilde , Engel Julien , Ferry Bruno , Freycon Vincent , Grenand Pierre , Jérémie Sylvie , Mestre Mickael , Molino Jean‐François , Petronelli Pascal , Sabatier Daniel , Hérault Bruno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo decipher the long‐term influences of pre‐Columbian land occupations on contemporary forest structure, diversity, and functioning in Amazonia, most of the previous research focused on the alluvial plains of the major rivers of the Amazon basin. Terra firme, that is, nonflooded forests, particularly from the Guiana Shield, are yet to be explored. In this study, we aim to give new insights into the subtle traces of pre‐Columbian influences on present‐day forests given the archaeological context of terra firme forests of the Guiana Shield. Following archaeological prospects on 13 sites in French Guiana, we carried out forest inventories inside and outside archaeological sites and assessed the potential pre‐Columbian use of the sampled tree species using an original ethnobotanical database of the Guiana Shield region. Aboveground biomass (320 and 380 T/ha, respectively), basal area (25–30 and 30–35 m2/ha, respectively), and tree density (550 and 700 stem/ha, respectively) were all significantly lower on anthropized plots (As) than on nonanthropized plots (NAs). Ancient human presence shaped the species composition of the sampled forests with Arecaceae, Burseraceae, and Lauraceae significantly more frequent in As and Annonaceae and Lecythidaceae more frequent in NAs. Although alpha diversity was not different between As and NAs, the presence of pre‐Columbian sites enhances significantly the forest beta diversity at the landscape level. Finally, trees with edible fruits are positively associated with pre‐Columbian sites, whereas trees used for construction or for their bark are negatively associated with pre‐Columbian sites. Half a millennium after their abandonment, former occupied places from the inner Guiana Shield still bear noticeable differences with nonanthropized places. Considering the lack of data concerning archaeology of terra firme Amazonian forests, our results suggest that pre‐Columbian influences on the structure (lower current biomass), diversity (higher beta diversity), and composition (linked to the past human tree uses) of current Amazonian forests might be more important than previously thought.
Southern California and range‐wide raccoon gastrointestinal helminth database
Authors: Weinstein Sara B. , Van Wert Jacey C. , Kinsella Mike , Tkach Vasyl V. , Lafferty Kevin D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLocal and global measurements of parasite prevalence and abundance are critical for understanding the dynamics that underlie the diversity, distribution, and evolution of infectious diseases. Here, we present a data set of gut helminths found in (1) raccoons throughout their range, based on primary literature from 1925–2017 and (2) raccoons in Santa Barbara County, California, USA surveyed from 2012 to 2015. The range‐wide data set has 1,256 parasite entries from 217 literature sources across three continents and 32 states in the USA. This data set includes a list of all recorded raccoon gut helminths (n = 100) and their presence and prevalence in surveyed raccoon populations. The Santa Barbara data set includes gut helminth data from 182 raccoons from one Southern California County. In addition to the presence and abundance data for 13 parasite species, this data set includes measurements of 7,465 individual raccoon roundworms (Baylisascaris procyonis). For both range‐wide and Santa Barbara data sets, we include information on parasite site of infection in host, sampling method, and sample size. We also provide geographic coordinates for infected raccoon populations (range‐wide database) and individuals (Santa Barbara). In the associated metadata, we include sampling methods and summary figures for both the range‐wide and Santa Barbara raccoon gut helminth records. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research and/or teaching purposes. S. B. Weinstein and J. C. Van Wert contributed equally to this manuscript and are shared first authors.
Pain over the adult life course: 15‐year pain trajectories—The Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Picavet H. Susan J. , Monique Verschuren W. M. , Groot Lichelle , Schaap Laura , van Oostrom Sandra H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain at any age is related to pain experienced at younger ages, but not much is known on how pain develops over the adult life course. We studied long‐term individual trajectories of pain over 15 years of the life course and evaluated the role of baseline sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors and health characteristics.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Doetinchem Cohort Study was used with 3,485 adults aged 25–71 years at baseline who were measured every 5 years, until the age of 40–86 years. Four measurements of self‐reported pain were used to distinguish 15‐year trajectories of pain, that were summarized in five pre‐definedpatterns.ResultsThe typical pain trajectory patterns were (prevalence): never pain (32.2%), persistent pain (19.5%), development of pain (19.2%), diminishing pain (11.1%) and fluctuating pain (18.0%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the trajectory characterized by never pain was more often found among: men, non‐smokers, those reporting a normal sleep duration and those without obesity, chronic disease, a poor mental health, a poor perceived health, or musculoskeletal complaints.ConclusionsA substantial part of the population reports pain over a long period of their life course and long‐term trajectories of pain may reflect phenotypes that may be relevant to take into account in pain management. Several risk factors, such as short‐sleep duration, smoking, obesity and poor perceived or mental health may be relevant in recognizing those with pain, and tackling these may contribute to the prevention of pain over the life course.SignificanceAsking adults about pain every 5 years over a 15‐year period shows that almost one‐third never reported pain and one‐fifth persistent pain. “Persistent” and “developing” pain is associated with smoking, obesity and short sleep duration. Long‐term pain trajectories may reflect relevant pain phenotypes.
Performance evaluation and organic mass balance for treatment of high strength wastewater by anaerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor
Authors: Burman Isha , Sinha Alok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe performance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass balance of a lab‐scale anaerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor (An‐HMBR), treating high strength wastewater, at mesophilic temperature, was investigated. Long‐term (275 days) operation was carried out at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs), namely, 3, 2, 1, and 0.5 days corresponding to organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.06, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 kg COD/m3d, respectively. An‐HMBR achieved, COD removal of 97–87% at HRT of 3–0.5 days, respectively. The study showed that polyurethane foam as attached growth media adsorbed mixed liquor suspended solids and thereby reduced the load on the membrane by 42%. During COD mass balance, an additional 4–5% of COD balance was achieved by consideration of COD conversion to biomass. The results suggest that unknown COD fraction varies between 33 and 37%, which was attributed to the loss of gaseous as well as oversaturation of dissolved methane. Consideration of oversaturation leads to a COD mass balance of over 95%.
An assessment on removal performance of arsenic with treated Turbinaria vulgaris as an adsorbent: Characterization, optimization, isotherm, and kinetics study
Authors: Boddu Sumalatha , Dulla John Babu , Alugunulla Venkata Narayana , Khan Anoar A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this current research, batch experiments were performed toward the characterization and optimization of arsenic removal by Turbinaria vulgaris. The four process parameters, that is, initial solution pH (3–5), initial arsenic ion concentration (20–100 mg/L), T. vulgaris dosage (0.10.5 g/L), and temperature (293–313 K), were considered for the process optimization through response surface methodology via central composite design (CCD) approach. According to CCD methodology, a set of 30 experimental runs were conducted and the results were analyzed; the suggested quadratic model has well matched to the experimental results which might be used to design space according to the study of analysis of variance. The highest removal efficiency of 92.12% was attained, retaining the process conditions viz. pH 4.41, biomass dosage 0.3 g/L, initial arsenic concentration 21.33 mg/L, and temperature 298.32 K. Biosorbent morphology and chemical properties were characterized by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The presence of metal ions in the biomass of T. vulgaris after biosorption was confirmed from the SEM result. These results are significant toward the assessment and optimization of removal of arsenic ions by T. vulgaris biomass. To estimate the solute interaction and biosorption nature, the experimental data were verified with different isotherms and kinetic models. The results discovered that T. vulgaris could be a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly biosorbent for the removal of arsenic ions.
Enhanced simulated sunlight‐driven photocatalytic performance of SnWO4 prepared in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Huang Jiao , Liu Huanhuan , Zhong Junbo , Li Jianzhang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, SnWO4 photocatalyst with enhanced simulated sunlight‐driven photocatalytic performance was prepared by a hydrothermal method in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The samples were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The active free radicals formed were investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and trapping experiments. Photocatalytic abilities of the photocatalyts were evaluated using methyl orange as model contaminant. The results show that CTAB induces redshift and promotes the photo‐induced charge separation rate of SnWO4, thereby boosting the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic test results reveal that the photocatalytic activity of CTAB‐SnWO4 is 7.25 times of the reference SnWO4.
Study on the extension limit model of a horizontal well with supercritical carbon dioxide drilling
Authors: Ding Lu , Ni Hongjian , Li Wentuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRational prediction of the extension limit of a horizontal well under the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling can ensure drilling security for developing unconventional oil and gas resources. Based on the physical property of supercritical carbon dioxide and the mechanics theory on the rock surrounding the wellbore, the extension limit model of a horizontal well under the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling has been established, which can analyze the flow distribution in the horizontal well and the influence of the azimuth angle, the bedding dip angle, drilling parameters, and so on. The result shows that when the supercritical carbon dioxide is flowing in the borehole, the pressure at the horizontal section at 3320 m is 2.21 MPa lower than the pore pressure, which is in the safe pressure range of underbalanced drilling (∼0–3 MPa), and the wellbore is stable. The extension limit changes periodically as the azimuth angle increases. Under actual working conditions, reducing the inlet mass flow rate or wellhead back pressure within a safe range helps to increase the extension limit. The maximum extension limit of a horizontal well with supercritical carbon dioxide drilling is 8081 m in the paper, which is longer than that of clear water drilling under the same condition due to low pressure loss. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public health expenditures, taxation, and growth
Authors: Atems Bebonchu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis note studies the empirical link between public health expenditures and growth using a dynamic panel data model and U.S. state‐level data over the period 1963–2015. We find a positive relationship between public health expenditures and growth, even after controlling for the offsetting impacts of the requisite taxation and the government budget constraint.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Triazole Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing a Benzylamine Moiety
Authors: Li Yitao , Yao Wenqiang , Lin Jian , Li Falin , Wu Yang , Xu Junxing 
Published: July 2019

The triazole sulfonamide played a very important role in the field of research of new agrochemical compounds as a novel heterocyclic compound with lack of reported resistance. For the research on the innovative triazole sulfonamide fungicide effective against cucumber downy mildew (CDM), the present article designed an array of 1,2,4‐triazole‐1,3‐disulfonamide derivatives. The derivatives were synthesized via coupling multiple benzylamine with triazole sulfonamide groups. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and LC–MS spectrometry were used to characterize these synthesized compounds. Most of these derivatives exhibited better fungicidal activities than that of the commercial cyanosole using bioassays. In particular, compounds 6g and 6h showed the best fungicidal activity against CDM (EC50 = 6.91 and 10.62 mg/L). Comparative experiments demonstrated that the fungicidal activity of 6g and 6h was better than the commercial pesticides amisulbrom and cyanosole. According to the study, the compound 6g had a giant application potential on fungicide against CDM.
Liver neoplasms in methylmalonic aciduria: An emerging complication
Authors: Forny Patrick , Hochuli Michel , Rahman Yusof , Deheragoda Maesha , Weber Achim , Baruteau Julien , Grunewald Stephanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMethylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase deficiency. Early‐onset disease usually presents with a neonatal acute metabolic acidosis, rapidly causing lethargy, coma, and death if untreated. Late‐onset patients have a better prognosis but develop common long‐term complications, including neurological deterioration, chronic kidney disease, pancreatitis, optic neuropathy, and chronic liver disease. Of note, oncogenesis has been reported anecdotally in organic acidurias. Here, we present three novel and two previously published cases of MMA patients who developed malignant liver neoplasms. All five patients were affected by a severe, early‐onset form of isolated MMA (4 mut0, 1 cblB subtype). Different types of liver neoplasms, that is, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were diagnosed at ages ranging from infancy to adulthood. We discuss pathophysiological hypotheses involved in MMA‐related oncogenesis such as mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress, and effects of oncometabolites. Based on the intriguing occurrence of liver abnormalities, including neoplasms, we recommend close biochemical and imaging monitoring of liver disease in routine follow‐up of MMA patients.