bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the rules: Phylogeny, not life history, explains dental eruption sequence in primates
Authors: Monson Tesla A. , Hlusko Leslea J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesAlthough a great deal is known about the biology of tooth development and eruption, there remains disagreement about the factors driving the evolution of dental eruption sequence. We assessed postcanine eruption sequence across a large sample of primates to test two hypotheses: (1) Dental eruption sequence is significantly correlated with life history and body size variables that capture postnatal growth and longevity (Schultz's rule), and (2) Dental eruption sequence is conserved phylogenetically.Materials and methodsWe assessed postcanine dental eruption sequence for 194 individuals representing 21 primate genera spanning eight families. With the inclusion of an additional 29 primate genera from the literature, this is the most comprehensive report on dental eruption sequence in primates to date. We used a series of phylogenetic analyses to statistically compare dental eruption sequence to life history and body size and test for phylogenetic signal in these traits.ResultsDental eruption sequence is conserved phylogenetically in primates, and body and brain size are both significantly associated with dental eruption sequence. Ancestral state reconstruction supports the hypothesis that the third molar erupted before one or more of the premolars in the ancestor of primates, and derived clades within primates evolved an eruption sequence in which the third molar erupts after the premolars.DiscussionSchultz's rule, as it is currently written and applied, is not supported by this extended data set. Our results demonstrate that dental eruption sequence is a far better predictor of phylogeny and will likely prove useful in phylogenetic hypotheses about relationships between extinct and extant mammalian taxa. The evolution of dental eruption sequence is likely driven by factors that significantly influence body size and mandibular symphyseal fusion.
International assessment of inter‐ and intrarater reliability of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification system
Authors: Villarreal Ricardo , Wrobel Bozena B. , Macias‐Valle Luis F. , Davis Greg E. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Luong Amber U. , McMains K. Christopher , Weitzel Erik K. , Yao William C. , Brunworth Joe , Clark David W. , Nair Salil , Valdés Constanza J. , Halderman Ashleigh , Jang David W. , Sivasubramaniam Rahuram , Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Philip G. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundInconsistencies in the nomenclature of structures of the frontal sinus have impeded the development of a validated “reference standard” classification system that surgeons can reliably agree upon. The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) system was developed as a consensus document, based on expert opinion, attempting to address this issue. The purposes of this study are to: establish the reliability of the IFAC as a tool for classifying cells in the frontal recess among an international group of rhinologists; and improve communication and teaching of frontal endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).MethodsForty‐two computed tomography (CT) scans, each with a marked frontal cell, were reviewed by 15 international fellowship‐trained rhinologists. Each marked cell was classified into 1 of 7 categories described in the IFAC, on 2 occasions separated by 2 weeks. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability were evaluated using Light's kappa (κ), the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and simple proportion of agreement.ResultsInterrater reliability showed pairwise κ values ranging from 0.7248 to 1.0, with a mean of 0.9162 (SD, 0.0537). The ICC was 0.98. Intrarater reliability showed κ values ranging from 0.8613 to 1.0, with a mean of 0.9407 (SD, 0.0376). The within‐rater ICC was 0.98.ConclusionAmong a diverse sample of rhinologists (raters), there was substantial to almost perfect agreement between raters, and among individual raters at different timepoints. The IFAC is a reliable tool for classification of cells in the frontal sinus. Further outcome studies are still needed to determine the validity of the IFAC.
Pro‐inflammatory role of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Tang Ru , Li Zhi‐Peng , Li Ming‐Xian , Li Da‐Wei , Ye Hai‐Bo , Su Kai‐Ming , Lin Hai , Zhang Wei‐Tian 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not been fully elucidated. This study sought to explore the role and mechanism of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate TRPC6 immunolabeling. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to assay TRPC6, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and calcium release‐activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 70 patients with CRSwNP, including eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) or non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP (nECRSwNP), and 28 control subjects. The concentrations of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐5, and IL‐25, were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In experiments on human nasal epithelial cell (HNEC) culture and stimulation, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of intracellular Ca2+ was assayed by flow cytometry. Western blotting, real‐time PCR, and ELISA were also conducted to assess the effects and mechanisms of TRPC6 activator 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐glycerol (OAG) and TRPC6 inhibitor 1‐[2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐[3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) propoxy]ethyl‐1H‐imidazole (SKF‐96365) on HNECs.ResultsUpregulation of TRPC6, STIM1, and Orai1 levels was found in CRSwNP patients, particularly in those with ECRSwNP. TRPC6‐positive cells correlated positively with the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. Moreover, TRPC6 mRNA was positively correlated with STIM1 and Orai1 mRNA levels. The concentrations of inflammatory mediators, including IL‐1β, IL‐5, and IL‐25, were elevated in CRSwNP, especially in ECRSwNP. In cultured HNECs, TRPC6, STIM1, Orai1, Ca2+ MFI levels, and inflammatory mediators were upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OAG but were inhibited by SKF‐96365.ConclusionTRPC6 plays a pro‐inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP via regulating Ca2+ flow.
Exponential Stability of Highly Nonlinear Neutral Pantograph Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Shen Mingxuan , Fei Weiyin , Mao Xuerong , Deng Shounian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the exponential stability of highly nonlinear hybrid neutral pantograph stochastic differential equations (NPSDEs). The aim of this paper is to establish exponential stability criteria for a class of hybrid NPSDEs without the linear growth condition. The methods of Lyapunov functions and M‐matrix are used to study exponential stability and boundedness of the hybrid NPSDEs.
An Extended State Observer Based Fractional Order Sliding‐Mode Control for a Novel Electro‐Hydraulic Servo System with Iso‐Actuation Balancing and Positioning
Authors: Gao Qiang , Hou Yuanlong , Liu Jingbao , Hou Runming , Lv Mingming , Wang Li , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn extended state observer based fractional order sliding‐mode control (ESO‐FOSMC) is proposed in this study, with consideration of the strong nonlinear characteristics of a new electro‐hydraulic servo system with iso‐actuation balancing and positioning. By adopting the fractional order calculus theory, a fractional order proportional–integral–derivative (PID)‐based sliding mode surface was designed, which has the ability to obtain an equivalent positioning control with fractional order kinetic characteristics. By introducing the integral term into the sliding mode surface, it was found to be beneficial in reducing the steady‐state errors, as well as improving the precision of the control system. Also, by using the fractional order calculus to replace the integral calculus, the form of the convergence is improved; the system transfer of energy is slowed down; and the chattering of the system is greatly weakened. The extended state observer was designed to observe the real‐time disturbances, and also to generate the compensation control commands which are added to the FOSMC to achieve the dynamic compensation. By means of numerical simulations, the dynamic and static characteristics of the sliding mode control system were compared with those of the FOSMC and ESO‐FOSMC. The experimental results show that the ESO‐FOSMC system could effectively restrain the external disturbances and achieve higher control precision, as well as better control quantity without chattering. The semi‐physical simulations based experimental tests also demonstrated that the proposed ESO‐FOSMC outperformed the FOSMC in terms of system robustness and control precision, which could have a stable control of the gun system quickly and accurately.
Ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu2+ based on carbon dots/bovine serum albumin–Au nanoclusters
Authors: Yang Li , Zeng Mulan , Du Yue , Wang Li , Peng Bingxian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA ratiometric fluorescence sensor for Cu2+ detection was developed by employing carbon dots (CDs) as the reference fluorophore, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)–Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) both as specific recognition element and as response signal. The CDs were prepared by heating an acetic acid solution of chitosan at 180°C. The proposed nanoprobe was prepared by simply mixing the CDs and BSA–AuNCs. Here, the CDs were associated with BSA–AuNCs to form CDs/BSA–AuNCs nanoprobes based on electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. In the hybrid fluorescent CDs/BSA–AuNCs nanoprobe, the emission of BSA–AuNCs at 640 nm was quenched by Cu2+, whereas the emission of CDs at 424 nm was maintained. The fluorescence changes of I640/I424 had good linearity with Cu2+ concentration in the range 1.5–600 nM, and the detection limit of the nanoprobe was 0.5 nM for Cu2+ detection, almost 4 × 104 times lower than the maximum allowable amount of Cu2+ in drinking water. The proposed method for detecting Cu2+ also had high selectivity and feasibility.
Developing clarity on the coaching‐counselling conundrum: Implications for counsellors and psychotherapists
Authors: Grant Anthony M. , Green Robert M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCoaching, as a methodology for facilitating intentional positive change, has apparently become a permanent fixture in contemporary Western society. However, it would seem that counsellors and psychotherapists, despite been seen as having expertise in helping people deal with emotional difficulties and life challenges, have been relatively slow in positioning themselves in the coaching market. This has left other, possibly less qualified individuals to address the ubiquitous human need for goal attainment, self‐discovery and personal development. To develop clarity on the coaching‐counselling conundrum we firstly discuss the distinctions between coaching and counselling/psychotherapy, and we emphasise some key differences between the counsellor–client relationship and the coach–coachee relationship. We outline a tripartite metatypology of coaching (skills, performance and developmental coaching) and we use this to further make links between coaching and counselling. To address the question whether coaching is somehow less “valid” than counselling we then present an overview of the current evidence‐base for coaching and conclude with some key points for counsellors making a transition to coaching practice.
Optimal positioning of self‐expanding valves before deployment decreases paravalvular regurgitation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Dadu Razvan T. , Xu Jiaqiong , Rehman Hasan , von Ballmoos Moritz Wyler , Barker Colin M. , Reyes Manuel , Ramchandani Mahesh , Reul Ross M. , Reardon Michael J. , Kleiman Neal S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the association between measurements performed during Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) deployment and paravalvular leak (PVL).BackgroundThe MCV can be recaptured and repositioned, allowing the TAVR operator to implant at a more favorable position. The association between angiographic measurements of MCV position while the valve is recapturable and PVL post deployment has not been investigated.Methods493 patients undergoing TAVR with MCV (January 2011–July 2017) were included. PVL was defined as intraprocedural aortic regurgitation that was judged clinically to require balloon postdilation. Depth of the valve at the left coronary cusp (LCC) and noncoronary cusp (NCC) were measured when the valve was 80% deployed. An optimal cutoff value for the ratio LCC/NCC for PVL was identified in 40 patients. Using this cutoff value, the association between LCC/NCC and PVL was then validated in 453 patients.ResultsThe median LCC/NCC was 1.51 (interquartile range 1.06–1.89).The optimal cutoff value for LCC/NCC was 1.48 (93% sensitivity, 77% specificity, AUC0.85). In the validation group 112 (24.7%) patients had PVL. For LCC/NCC ≥ 1.48, the incidence of PVL was lower compared to LCC/NCC < 1.48 (9.58% vs. 41.78%, P < 0.0001). LCC/NCC of 1.48 had a sensitivity of 79.5% and specificity of 63.6% for PVL (AUC0.72). In a multivariate model, LCC/NCC < 1.48 independently predicted PVL (OR = 6.67, 95% CI 3.96–11.23, P < 0.0001).ConclusionPositioning the MCV such that the LCC/NCC is ≥1.48 may result in less PVL.
Aminotriazole Mn(I) Complexes as Effective Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Martínez‐Ferraté Oriol , Werlé Christophe , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA catalytic system based on complexes comprising abundant and cheap manganese together with readily available aminotriazole ligands is reported. The new Mn(I) complexes are catalytically competent in transfer hydrogenation of ketones with 2‐propanol as hydrogen source. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at 80 °C for 20 h with 3 % of catalyst loading using either KOtBu or NaOH as base. Good to excellent yields were obtained for a wide substrate scope with broad functional group tolerance. The obtained results by varying the substitution pattern of the ligand are consistent with an out‐sphere mechanism for the H‐transfer.
Fructosylation of Hydroxytyrosol by the β‐Fructofuranosidase from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous: Insights into the Molecular Basis of the Enzyme Specificity
Authors: Míguez Noa , Ramírez‐Escudero Mercedes , Gimeno‐Pérez María , Poveda Ana , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Ballesteros Antonio O. , Fernández‐Lobato María , Sanz‐Aparicio Julia , Plou Francisco J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis work investigates the ability of the β‐fructofuranosidase pXd‐INV from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous to glycosylate the olive biophenol hydroxytyrosol (HT). Two fructosylated derivatives (Fru‐HT1 and Fru‐HT2) were synthesized. Under the best conditions (300 mg/mL sucrose, 25 mg/mL HT), the maximum yield was 45.6 %. MS and 2D‐NMR analyses showed that the major product (Fru‐HT1) was fructosylated at the primary OH of HT. The structure of the complexes with the substrates and the product analyzed by crystallography led to the understanding of the molecular determinants regulating the enzymatic mechanism. Product‐soaked crystals revealed that the minor derivative (Fru‐HT2) was fructosylated at the phenolic p‐OH group. The two binding modes for HT at pXd‐INV active site are governed almost exclusively by packing to Trp105 (Fru‐HT1) and polar interactions with the loop Glu334‐Asn342 (Fru‐HT2), respectively. Specific mutagenesis at these residues was accomplished to tune the enzyme regiospecificity. One of the studied mutants (N342Q) was notably more specific for the fructosylation at the phenolic OH than the wild‐type.
Gold‐Clip‐Assisted Self‐Assembly and Proton‐Coupled Expansion–Contraction of a Cofacial FeIII–Porphyrin Cage
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Ang Pau Lin , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Yip John H. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA molecular cage {Au8(μ‐PAnP)4[Fe(H2O)2(TPyP)]2(OTf)2}(OTf)8 (1) composed of two cofacial FeIII‐porphyrin can be self‐assembled from the gold clip [Au2(PAnP)Cl2] and Fe3+(H2O)2(TPyP)+ (PAnP=9,10‐bis(diphenylphosphino)anthracene, TPyP=meso‐tetra(4‐pyridyl)porphyrinato). The height of the cage is 8.579(3) Å. The addition of a base to a solution of the cage leads to a contracted and twisted cage {[Au8(μ‐PAnP)4[Fe2(μ‐O)(TPyP)2]}(OTf)8 (2), which has a height of ≈4.4 Å and porphyrin–porphyrin torsional angle of ≈20°. The contracted cage can be synthesized independently from the gold clip and Fe2(μ‐O)(TPyP)2. The spectroscopy and crystal structure of an unclipped analog of the contracted cage, {[AuPPh3)8[Fe2(μ‐O)(TPyP)2]}(OTf)8 (3), supports the DFT‐calculated structure of 2. NMR and UV/Vis titrations show that the expansion‐untwisting and contraction‐twisting of the cage is reversible.
The relationship between household income and patient‐reported symptom distress and quality of life in children with advanced cancer: A report from the PediQUEST study
Authors: Ilowite Maya F. , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Ma Clement , Dussel Veronica , Rosenberg Abby R. , Feudtner Chris , Kang Tammy I. , Wolfe Joanne , Bona Kira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren with advanced cancer experience high symptom distress, which negatively impacts their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). To the authors’ knowledge, the relationship between income and symptom distress and HRQOL is not well described.MethodsThe Pediatric Quality of Life and Symptoms Technology (PediQUEST) multisite clinical trial evaluated an electronic patient‐reported outcome system to describe symptom distress and HRQOL in children with advanced cancer via repeated surveys. The authors performed a secondary analysis of PediQUEST data for those children with available parent‐reported household income (dichotomized at 200% of the Federal Poverty Level and categorized as low income [<$50,000/year] or high income [≥$50,000/year]). The prevalence of the 5 most commonly reported physical and psychological symptoms was compared between groups. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to test the association between household income and symptom distress and HRQOL.ResultsA total of 78 children were included in the analyses: 56 (72%) in the high‐income group and 22 (28%) in the low‐income group. Low‐income children were more likely to report pain than high‐income children (64% vs 42%; P=.02). In multivariable models, children from low‐income families demonstrated a uniform trend toward higher total (βlow‐high=3.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.08 to 6.2 [P=.06]), physical (β=3.8; 95% CI, −0.4 to 8.0 [P=.09]), and psychological (β=3.46; 95% CI, −1.91 to 8.84 [P=.21]) symptom distress compared with children from high‐income families. Low income was associated with a uniform trend toward lower total (β=−7.9; 95% CI, −14.8, to −1.1 [P=.03]), physical (β=−11.2; 95% CI, −21.2 to −1.2 [P=.04]), emotional (β=−5.8; 95% CI, −13.6 to 2.0 [P=.15]), social (β=−2.52; 95% CI, −9.27 to 4.24 [P=.47]), and school (β=−9.8; 95% CI, −17.8 to −1.8 [P=.03]) HRQOL.ConclusionsIn this cohort of children with advanced cancer, children from low‐income families were found to experience higher symptom burden and worse QOL.
Research on image de‐disturbing algorithm based on dark channel prior and anisotropic Gaussian filtering
Authors: Du Hongchun 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn order to solve the problem of serious degradation of images collected outdoors in dense fog weather, a defogging algorithm for dense fog images was proposed. The fog‐day imaging physical model was simplified; the concept of fog concentration factor was proposed. The single image de‐hazing algorithm based on dark channel priors solves the problem of estimating the transmittance of fog and sky scenes. The image recovered by the algorithm is clear and natural. The algorithm has high computational complexity. It takes a long time to meet real‐time requirements. The principle of anisotropic Gaussian filtering is introduced. It combines with the dark channel. The value of the fog concentration coefficient is obtained by estimating the visibility value of a single fog image. It is then combined with an anisotropic Gaussian filter of the image to estimate the atmospheric light value. Defogging of the fog image is performed by using the repair function. It is necessary to perform effective de‐hazing processing on smog images. Experiments show that the improved algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithm while ensuring the defogging effect of the original algorithm.
Clusters of the Ionic Liquid 1‐Hydroxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Picrate: From Theoretical Prediction in the Gas Phase to Experimental Evidence in the Solid State
Authors: Panja Sumit K. , Haddad Boumediene , Kiefer Johannes 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInteronic interactions determine the macroscopic properties of ionic liquids (ILs). Hence, unravelling the relationships between the microscopic and macroscopic scales is key for rational design. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations of isolated ion pairs and vibrational spectroscopy of the condensed phase (fluid or solid) has become a very common approach. In the present work, we make a step towards understanding how the physicochemical effects in small gas phase clusters of a hydroxyl functionalized imidazolium‐picrate IL relate with the molecular structure and interactions of the corresponding solid material taking 1‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium picrate, C2OHmimPic, as an example. In the isolated ion pair, strong alkyl‐OH⋅⋅⋅Pic hydrogen bonding interactions are found rather than the commonly observed hydrogen bonding interactions at the slightly acidic C(2)−H site of the imidazolium ring. However, this part of the cation plays an important role when clusters of ion pairs in the gas phase and inside a crystal lattice are considered. For example, in the dimeric ion‐pair cluster, one centre (O*) with two interaction sites (C(2)−H−O* and alkyl OH‐Pic) is observed. This configuration is suggested by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy, and the dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations. Hence, the study provides evidence for the appearance of theoretical gas phase clusters in an actual solidified ionic liquid. This ion pair dimer formation may be a general behavior of hydroxyl functionalized imidazolium ILs, but further research is needed to draw a final conclusion. Moreover, the Raman spectra confirm the exclusive gauche conformation of the hyroxyl functionalized alkyl chain.
Demographic Composition of Select Oncologic New Molecular Entities Approved by the FDA Between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Ramamoorthy Anuradha , Knepper Todd C. , Merenda Christine , Mendoza Martin , McLeod Howard L. , Bull Jonca , Zhang Lei , Pacanowski Michael 
Published: September 2018

Race, ethnicity, sex, and age are demographic factors that can influence drug exposure and/or response, and can consequently affect treatment outcome. We evaluated demographic subgroup enrollment patterns in new therapeutic products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of select cancers—breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate—that have comparative differences in morbidity and/or mortality among some demographic subgroups. In submissions of products approved between 2008 and 2013, participants (n = 22,481) were white (80%), from outside the United States (74%), between 17 and 64 years old (59%), and men (56% and 53%, including and excluding sex‐specific indications, respectively). In pivotal trials of products approved between2014 and 2017, participants (n = 3,612) were white (71%), between 17 and 64 years old (61%), and men (48% and 63%, including and excluding sex‐specific indications, respectively). The US‐relevant minority populations were under‐represented. A broader representation of patient subgroups in clinical trials may contribute to better understanding of exposure and/or response variability, and consequently help personalize drug therapy.