bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of TCP transcription factor genes in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Zheng Kai , Ni Zhiyong , Qu Yanying , Cai Yongsheng , Yang Zhaoen , Sun Guoqing , Chen Quanjia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) has drawn great attention in the textile industry for its comprehensive resistance and superior fiber properties. However, the mechanisms involved in fiber growth and development are unclear. As TCP transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, this study investigated the TCP family genes in G. barbadense (GbTCP). We identified 75 GbTCP genes, of which 68 had no introns. Phylogenetic analyses categorized the GbTCP transcription factors into 11 groups. Genomic analyses showed that 66 genes are located on 21 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses of G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, Theobroma cacao, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays, Picea abies, Sphagnum fallax and Physcomitrella patens, categorized 373 TCP genes into two classes (Classes I and II). By studying the structures of TCP genes in sea-island cotton, we identified genes from the same evolutionary branches that showed similar motif patterns. qRT-PCR results suggested that the GbTCPs had different expression patterns in fibers at various developmental stages of cotton, with several showing specific expression patterns during development. This report helps lay the foundation for future investigations of TCP functions and molecular mechanisms in sea-island cotton fiber development.
High-yield scalable graphene nanosheet production from compressed graphite using electrochemical exfoliation
Authors: Achee Thomas C. , Sun Wanmei , Hope Joshua T. , Quitzau Samuel G. , Sweeney Charles Brandon , Shah Smit A. , Habib Touseef , Green Micah J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrochemical exfoliation is a promising bulk method for producing graphene from graphite; in this method, an applied voltage drives ionic species to intercalate into graphite where they form gaseous species that expand and exfoliate individual graphene sheets. However, a number of obstacles have prevented this approach from becoming a feasible production route; the disintegration of the graphite electrode as the method progresses is the chief difficulty. Here we show that if graphite powders are contained and compressed within a permeable and expandable containment system, the graphite powders can be continuously intercalated, expanded, and exfoliated to produce graphene. Our data indicate both high yield (65%) and extraordinarily large lateral size (>30 μm) in the as-produced graphene. We also show that this process is scalable and that graphene yield efficiency depends solely on reactor geometry, graphite compression, and electrolyte transport.
Deactivation of the prefrontal cortex during exposure to pleasantly-charged emotional challenge
Authors: Matsukawa Kanji , Asahara Ryota , Yoshikawa Miho , Endo Kana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur laboratory reported that facial skin blood flow may serve as a sensitive tool to assess an emotional status and that both prefrontal oxygenation (as index of regional cerebral blood flow) and facial skin blood flow decrease during positively-charged emotional stimulation, without changing hand skin blood flow and arterial pressure. However, the focal location of the prefrontal responses in concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) that correlate with peripheral autonomic reaction remained unknown. This study was undertaken using 22-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to reveal spatial distribution of the responses in Oxy-Hb within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during emotionally-charged audiovisual stimulation. Pleasantly-charged (comedy) stimulation caused a substantial decrease of Oxy-Hb in all regions of the PFC in 18 subjects, especially in the rostroventral frontopolar PFC, whereas negatively-charged (horror) or neutral stimulation (landscape) exhibited a weaker decrease or insignificant change in the prefrontal Oxy-Hb. In the rostral parts of the dorsolateral and ventral frontopolar PFC, the oxygenation response during comedy stimulation exhibited the most significant positive correlation with the decrease in facial skin blood flow. Thus the rostral regions of the PFC play a role in recognition and regulation of positive emotion and may be linked with neurally-mediated vasoconstriction of facial skin blood vessels.
A three-dimensional hybrid pacemaker electrode seamlessly integrates into engineered, functional human cardiac tissue in vitro
Authors: Weigel Tobias , Schmitz Tobias , Pfister Tobias , Gaetzner Sabine , Jannasch Maren , Al-Hijailan Reem , Schürlein Sebastian , Suliman Salwa , Mustafa Kamal , Hansmann Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPacemaker systems are an essential tool for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the immune system’s natural response to a foreign body results in the encapsulation of a pacemaker electrode and an impaired energy efficiency by increasing the excitation threshold. The integration of the electrode into the tissue is affected by implant properties such as size, mechanical flexibility, shape, and dimensionality. Three-dimensional, tissue-like electrode scaffolds render an alternative to currently used planar metal electrodes. Based on a modified electrospinning process and a high temperature treatment, a conductive, porous fiber scaffold was fabricated. The electrical and immunological properties of this 3D electrode were compared to 2D TiN electrodes. An increased surface of the fiber electrode compared to the planar 2D electrode, showed an enhanced electrical performance. Moreover, the migration of cells into the 3D construct was observed and a lower inflammatory response was induced. After early and late in vivo host response evaluation subcutaneously, the 3D fiber scaffold showed no adverse foreign body response. By embedding the 3D fiber scaffold in human cardiomyocytes, a tissue-electrode hybrid was generated that facilitates a high regenerative capacity and a low risk of fibrosis. This hybrid was implanted onto a spontaneously beating, tissue-engineered human cardiac patch to investigate if a seamless electronic-tissue interface is generated. The fusion of this hybrid electrode with a cardiac patch resulted in a mechanical stable and electrical excitable unit. Thereby, the feasibility of a seamless tissue-electrode interface was proven.
mTORC1 plays an important role in osteoblastic regulation of B-lymphopoiesis
Authors: Martin Sally K. , Fitter Stephen , El Khawanky Nadia , Grose Randall H. , Walkley Carl R. , Purton Louise E. , Ruegg Markus A. , Hall Michael N. , Gronthos Stan , Zannettino Andrew C. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkeletal osteoblasts are important regulators of B-lymphopoiesis, serving as a rich source of factors such as CXCL12 and IL-7 which are crucial for B-cell development. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that deletion of Rptor, a unique component of the mTORC1 nutrient-sensing complex, early in the osteoblast lineage development results in defective bone development in mice. In this study, we now demonstrate that mTORC1 signalling in pre-osteoblasts is required for normal B-lymphocyte development in mice. Targeted deletion of Rptor in osterix-expressing pre-osteoblasts (Rptorob−/−) leads to a significant reduction in the number of B-cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen at 4 and 12 weeks of age. Rptorob−/− mice also exhibit a significant reduction in pre-B and immature B-cells in the BM, indicative of a block in B-cell development from the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. Circulating levels of IL-7 and CXCL12 are also significantly reduced in Rptorob−/− mice. Importantly, whilst Rptor-deficient osteoblasts are unable to support HSC differentiation to B-cells in co-culture, this can be rescued by the addition of exogenous IL-7 and CXCL12. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mTORC1 plays an important role in extrinsic osteoblastic regulation of B-cell development.
Identification and pharmaceutical evaluation of novel frog skin-derived serine proteinase inhibitor peptide–PE-BBI (Pelophylax esculentus Bowman-Birk inhibitor) for the potential treatment of cancer
Authors: Lyu Peng , Ge Lilin , Ma Rui , Wei Ran , McCrudden Cian M. , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris , Kwok Hang Fai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmphibian venom-derived peptides have high potential in the field of anticancer drug discovery. We have isolated a novel Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (BBI)-type peptide from the skin secretion of Pelophylax esculentus (PE) named PE-BBI, and evaluated its bio-functions and anti-cancer activity in vitro. PE-BBI is a heptadecapeptide with C-terminal amidation. The mRNA sequence and primary structure of PE-BBI were identified using RT-PCR and LC/MS, respectively. A trypsin inhibitory assay was used to characterize the serine proteinase inhibitory activity of synthetic PE-BBI. PE-BBI’s myotropic activity was analyzed using isolated rat bladder and rat-tail artery smooth muscle tissues, and the anti-cancer ability of PE-BBI using human colorectal cancer cells. PE-BBI’s mechanism of action was investigated using Discovery studio software. PE-BBI showed trypsin inhibitory activity (Ki = 310 ± 72 nM), strong myotropic activity, and cytotoxicity that were specific to cancer cells, and no side effect to normal epithelial cells. The docking stimulation showed that PE-BBI had high affinity to several members of human kallikrein related peptidase (KLK) family. This finding helps to enrich our understanding of BBI peptides’ mode of action. Moreover, the data presented here validates frog secretions as sources of potential novel proteinase inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Diagnostik und Therapie Mitochondrialer Erkrankungen
Authors: Radelfahr Florentine , Klopstock Thomas 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMitochondriale Erkrankungen sind eine Gruppe sehr unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder und Syndrome, die sowohl durch Mutationen der mitochondrialen DNA (mtDNA) als auch der nukleären DNA (nDNA) verursacht werden können. Sie gehören zu den häufigsten hereditären neurologischen Erkrankungen.Das Spektrum der klinischen Manifestationen ist sehr breit. Es reicht von sehr milden Symptomen, die nur langsam progredient sind, bis hin zu Multiorganbeteiligungen, die die Lebenserwartung deutlich reduzieren können. Mitochondriopathien können grundsätzlich jedes Organ betreffen, wobei Gewebe mit hohem Energiebedarf in der Regel stärker betroffen sind. Die häufigsten mitochondrialen Erkrankungen sind die Lebersche Hereditäre Optikusneuropathie (LHON), die chronisch progressive externe Ophthalmoplegie (CPEO), das Kearns-Sayre-Syndrom (KSS), die mitochondriale Myopathie (MM) und die Mitochondriale Enzephalomyopathie mit Laktatazidose und Schlaganfall-ähnlichen Episoden (MELAS).Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik hat in den letzten Jahren eine zentrale Rolle bei der Diagnosesicherung eingenommen. Sie erfolgt abhängig von der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose aus EDTA-Blut, Urin, Fibroblasten oder Muskel.Die Therapie der mitochondrialen Erkrankungen umfasst die Überbrückung von Atmungskettendefekten, Ansätze, die den mitochondrialen Metabolismus verbessern sollen, sowie die Supplementation von Mangelzuständen. Symptomatische Therapien, Hilfsmittelversorgung und Physiotherapie, sowie regelmäßige kardiologische Kontrolluntersuchungen sind die zweite wichtige Säule der Versorgung. Wenn nötig, erfolgt eine antikonvulsive Therapie, sowie die Behandlung und Prävention von schlaganfall-ähnlichen Episoden. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es andere Medikamente, die sich direkt oder indirekt negativ auf die Funktionen der Mitochondrien auswirken können und daher nur sehr zurückhaltend verordnet werden sollten. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Einführung zu den mitochondrialen Erkrankungen, einen überblick über die wichtigsten Krankheitsbilder und ein Update bezüglich etablierter und neuer Therapieansätze.
Molekulare Therapien von Muskeldystrophien
Authors: Walter Maggie C. , Reilich Peter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMuskeldystrophien (MD) sind eine heterogene Gruppe genetisch determinierter, progredienter Erkrankungen der Muskulatur. Gemeinsames Merkmal aller MD ist eine fortschreitende Muskelschwäche und -atrophie, deren Schweregrad und Verteilungsmuster bei den verschiedenen Formen deutliche Unterschiede zeigt. Durch enorme Fortschritte in der Grundlagenforschung und ein verbessertes Verständnis der Pathophysiologie haben sich in letzter Zeit vielfältige molekulare Therapieansätze für Muskeldystrophien ergeben; zahlreiche molekulare Therapien befinden sich in der Entwicklung. Neue Entwicklungen im Bereich der personalisierten Gentherapie zielen strategisch auf bestimmte, genetisch determinierte Subtypen der Erkrankung, basierend auf dem jeweiligen Krankheitsmechanismus und dem resultierenden Phänotyp, und setzen damit ein Beispiel für andere hereditäre Erkrankungen. Der Erkenntnisgewinn in diesem Bereich nimmt stetig zu; dennoch ist es noch ein weiter Weg, bevor diese Therapieformen Phänotyp und Pathologie und der betroffenen Patienten tatsächlich werden korrigieren können.
Immunvermittelte / inflammatorische und hereditäre Neuropathien – Übersicht und diagnostischer Algorithmus
Authors: Schlotter-Weigel Beate , Senderek Jan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit gibt eine praxisnahe Übersicht über immunvermittelte / inflammatorische und hereditäre Neuropathien mit Empfehlungen zur weiterführenden Diagnostik. Zur großen Gruppe der immunvermittelten / inflammatorischen Neuropathien zählen u. a. das Guillain-Barré-Syndrom und die chronisch-inflammatorische demyelinisierende Polyradikuloneuropathie mit ihren Subtypen, die vaskulitischen, paraneoplastischen, paraproteinämischen und die Kollagenose-assoziierten Neuropathien. Neben den klinischen Besonderheiten wie zeitlichem Verlauf und Verteilungstyp werden charakteristische Befunde der Elektroneurografie und Antikörper-Diagnostik berücksichtigt. Bei den hereditären Neuropathien sprechen neue Studien für eine Prävalenz von 10–28 pro 100 000 Einwohner in Europa. In den letzten 20 Jahren hat die molekulargenetische Diagnostik bei hereditären Neuropathien große Fortschritte gemacht. Mittlerweile sind über 80 Neuropathie-Gene bekannt. Neben der elektroneurografischen Einteilung in demyelinisierende, axonale und intermediäre Formen sind die Unterscheidung in sensomotorische, motorische, sensible oder autonom-sensible Neuropathien sowie die Berücksichtigung von klinischen Besonderheiten und ethnischer Zugehörigkeit hilfreich für die Bahnung der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik.
Elemente der Diversität – das Unterschiedliche, das Fremde, das Ferne, das Unvertraute und das Unverstehbare in der Balint-Arbeit
Authors: Arzberger Nina 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungUnter Verwendung von Vignetten aus Balint-Gruppen legt die Arbeit ihr Augenmerk auf das, was als fremd, bedrohlich oder unbegreiflich wahrgenommen wird, und wie Abwehr-mechanismen – z. B. Verleugnungen und Verschiebungen – eingesetzt werden, um mit Vorgängen, die vom Vertrauten abweichen, fertig zu werden. Wenn wir das Verschiedenartige oder das Fremde verstehen möchten, wenn wir nach einem Kontext suchen, der Sinn ergibt, müssen wir unsere eigenen „fremden“ Gefühle mit einbeziehen. Das bedeutet, das Unterschiedliche als etwas Wertvolles zu sehen, nicht als etwas, das wir loswerden müssen. Unsere Entscheidung hängt hier davon ab, wie offen wir uns an unsere eigenen innersten Phantome heranwagen1.
Kondomnutzung in unterschiedlichen heterosexuellen Settings
Authors: Schmidt Diana , Matthiesen Silja , Briken Peer 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Zahlreiche internationale Surveys haben sich mit Kondomnutzungsraten in den jeweiligen Nationen befasst. Zudem liegen Forschungsergebnisse zu
Faktoren vor, die mit der Kondomnutzung assoziiert sind.
Forschungsziele: Die Kondomnutzungsraten deutscher Erwachsener werden in verschiedenen sexuellen Settings untersucht. Zudem werden diverse Faktoren auf
einen Zusammenhang mit dem Nutzungsverhalten überprüft. Explorative Analysen beschäftigten sich mit der Frage, aus welchen Gründen Kondome nicht genutzt
werden.
Methoden: Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Kondomnutzung und den einzelnen demografischen Faktoren sowie der vorangegangenen Kommunikation über Kondome wurde
mithilfe von binär-logistischen Regressionen untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Beim „ersten Mal“ und beim ersten Sex in der aktuellen Beziehung verwendeten etwas über 40 % der Befragten ein Kondom. Beim letzten Sex in
einer sexuellen Risikosituation nutzte etwa die Hälfte der Personen ein Kondom. Besonders selten wurden Kondome beim letzten Sex in der aktuellen Beziehung
genutzt. Alter und Bildung standen in fast allen Settings in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der Kondomnutzung; der größte Einflussfaktor war jedoch die
Kommunikation über Kondome mit der Partnerin bzw. dem Partner.
Schlussfolgerung: In sexuellen Risikosituationen werden zu selten Kondome genutzt, um eine Verbreitung von sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI) zu
verhindern. Interventionen sollten den positiven Effekt von Safer-Sex-Kommunikation berücksichtigen und auch ältere Menschen sowie Menschen mit niedrigem
Bildungsstand im Blick haben.
Updated S3 Guidelines – Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma: Relevance for Radiological Diagnosis and Intervention
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Pereira Philippe , Helmberger Thomas , Schreyer Andreas , Schmiegel Wolff , Fischer Sebastian , Herzog Christopher 
Published: September 2018

The updated German S3 guidelines “Colorectal Carcinoma“ were created as part of the oncology program of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF), German Cancer Society and the German Cancer Aid under the auspices of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Disorders (DGVS) and they replace the previous guidelines from 2013. The main changes in the updated guidelines include the latest recommendations regarding endoscopy and adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapies as well as a complete restructuring of the section regarding therapeutic approach in metastases and in the palliative situation. The present manuscript discusses the importance of the current recommendations for radiological diagnosis and treatment and is intended to enhance the quality of patient information and patient care by widespread distribution.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Serine Protease Mauritanicain from Euphorbia mauritanica and Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate Modulate the IL-8 Release in Fibroblasts and HaCaT Keratinocytes
Authors: Guenther Florian , Maus Deborah , Hedtrich Sarah , Melzig Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, skin reactions such as phytophotodermatitis, contact dermatitis, and other inflammatory responses after contact with chemicals from various plants, e.g., Heracleum mantegazzianum or Hippomane mancinella, are one of the hot topics in phytobiology. Occupational skin inflammation after contact with latices of plants from Euphorbiaceae are common among people who work with plants of this family. Activation of protein kinase C by G protein-coupled receptors such as protease-activated receptors is associated with skin inflammation. In this study, we focused on the inflammatory modulation potential of proteases combined with diterpenes on human skin. Because of its role as a proinflammatory cytokine, we concentrated on the release of IL-8 by fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Therefore, primary human dermal fibroblasts and the HaCaT keratinocytes cell line were used as a model. The results indicated that the combination of the protease mauritanicain from Euphorbia mauritanica and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induced a significantly increased IL-8 release in HaCaT keratinocytes compared to single treatments. The obtained results also suggest that mauritanicain has an anti-inflammatory effect on primary human dermal fibroblasts.
Nebulin stiffens the thin filament and augments cross-bridge interaction in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kiss Balázs , Lee Eun-Jeong , Ma Weikang , Li Frank W. , Tonino Paola , Mijailovich Srboljub M. , Irving Thomas C. , Granzier Henk L. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Nebulin is a giant actin-binding protein in skeletal muscle which localizes along most of the length of the thin filament. Genetic alterations or reduction in the expression level of nebulin are accompanied by dramatic loss in muscle force, resulting in muscle weakness and severe skeletal muscle myopathy. Using an inducible and tissue-specific nebulin-knockout mouse model in which nebulin is not expressed in skeletal muscle, we investigated the ultrastructure of thin filaments in passive and contracting muscle under physiological conditions using X-ray diffraction. Thin filaments were found to be threefold less stiff in nebulin-knockout muscle, and thin filament regulatory protein and cross-bridge behavior was impaired. Nebulin stiffens the thin filaments and is responsible for generating physiological levels of force.
Three pillars of sustainability in fisheries
Authors: Asche Frank , Garlock Taryn M. , Anderson James L. , Bush Simon R. , Smith Martin D. , Anderson Christopher M. , Chu Jingjie , Garrett Karen A. , Lem Audun , Lorenzen Kai , Oglend Atle , Tveteras Sigbjørn , Vannuccini Stefania 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The United Nations proclaims that sustainable development comprises environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Fisheries contribute to livelihoods, food security, and human health worldwide; however, as the planet’s last major hunting and gathering industry, whether, and if so, how fishing can achieve all three pillars of sustainability is unclear. The relationships between environmental and economic sustainability, as well as between economic and social sustainability, continue to receive attention. We analyzed data from 121 fisheries worldwide to evaluate potential trade-offs. We found no evidence of trade-offs, and instead found that environmental, economic, and social objectives are complementary when fisheries are managed. Our results challenge the idea that the three pillars of sustainability are in conflict, suggesting that rights-based systems can be designed to support all three pillars.
Neural basis of location-specific pupil luminance modulation
Authors: Wang Chin-An , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eyes to optimize visual sensitivity and sharpness. The visual system selects objects of interest for future fixation, and pupil size can be adjusted for object luminance before fixation. This study demonstrates that the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC), a phylogenetically conserved structure for controlling eye movements and spatial attention, coordinates this predictive pupil response. By manipulating intermediate SC (SCi) excitability via microstimulation and lidocaine microinjection, we show that, although global luminance remained unchanged, pupil size was modulated by local luminance at the next fixated location. These results highlight a causal role of the SCi to prepare the pupil for local luminance conditions at the saccadic goal.