bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative contribution of rainfall and coconut hybrids to the abundance and composition of the Auchenorrhyncha community as potential vectors of phytoplasmas in the state of Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Flaviana G. , dos Passos Eliana M. , Diniz Leandro E. C. , Fernandes Marcelo F. , Bartlett Charles R. , Dollet Michel , Teodoro Adenir V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The quarantine disease Lethal Yellowing (LY) is currently the main threat to coconut cultivation in Brazil. LY is caused by phytoplasmas and is transmitted by Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), although other planthoppers/leafhoppers could be involved.
We assessed the Auchenorrhyncha community composition on various coconut hybrids, including association with parental and nonparental dwarf coconut accessions.
The Auchenorrhyncha were trapped in 2016 between the dry and rainy seasons (March and April), in the rainy season (July and August) and in the dry season (November and December).
Oecleus sergipensis (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) accounted for 73% of the individuals, with a predominance at the dry‐to‐rainy season transition. Curtara samera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was the best‐represented species on the hybrids Brazilian Green Dwarf × Brazilian Tall – Praia do Forte, Brazilian Green Dwarf × Vanuatuan Tall and Malayan Yellow Dwarf × West African Tall. Oecleus sergipensis was the best‐represented species on the hybrids Malayan Red Dwarf × Tagnanan Tall, Malayan Red Dwarf × Vanuatuan Tall and Malayan Yellow Dwarf × Brazilian Tall – Praia do Forte.
Individuals of a species of Cenchreini and Omolicna nigripennis (Hemiptera: Derbidae) increase in the rainy season; Balclutha sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Cedusa sp. (Hemiptera: Derbidae) are prevalent in the transition period between the dry and rainy seasons. Knowledge about potential Auchenorrhyncha phytoplasma vectors on coconut hybrids could contribute to the development of strategies for use in breeding programmes for coconut LY prevention.
Reflectance confocal microscopy margin mapping and monitoring of an amelanotic melanoma in situ of the ear
Authors: Robinson Mitchell , Curchin Claudia , McMeniman Erin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn situ amelanotic melanoma represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Poor demarcation of these lesions often results in repeated therapeutic intervention until appropriate clearance has been achieved. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive bedside imaging modality which allows real‐time visualisation, to a near‐histological level, of the epidermis and reticular dermis. We present a case of an amelanotic melanoma in situ in which reflectance confocal microscopy margin mapping allowed for demarcation of the melanocytic proliferation and targeted therapeutic intervention with topical imiquimod. Reflectance confocal microscopy was further utilised for noninvasive assessment of therapeutic response.
The Unsociability of Commercial Seafaring: Language Practice and Ideology in Maritime Technocracy
Authors: Das Sonia Neela 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis article explores the language practices and language ideologies of maritime technocracy and inquires into the imagined and real gaps involved in sustaining channels of sociable talk aboard cargo ships. Lacking knowledge of the routines, practices, and beliefs impacting seafarers’ productivity, shipping industry leaders turn to Christian ministries to identify infrastructural or logistical gaps in the operation of communications media networks and deficiencies in the language policies and interactional practices that animate them. These converging profit‐driven and ethical projects collectively support a technocratic language ideology. It locates risks to the supply chain in presumptions of miscommunications caused by the lack of English‐language use and unsociability caused by the lack of convivial talk among seafarers for channeling information about these risks. Actualized by strategies that affirm the value of face‐to‐face talk and online chatting rather than solitary reading, maritime technocracy standardizes the logistical coordination of media infrastructures and labor and language policies. This article draws on ethnographic research aboard cargo ships and at Christian centers to elucidate the logic of maritime technocracies in Newark and Montreal, two seaports with different governance structures highlighting the internal differences of a shipping industry facing crises due to automation, outsourcing, and neoliberal reform. [commercial seafaring, shipping industry, sociability, maritime technology, language ideology]
Validation of the Chinese version General Causality Orientation Scale‐Clinical Population and causality orientations assessing in major depressions
Authors: Lei Wei , Liu Kezhi , Li Nian , Liang Xuemei , Xiang Bo , Huang Chaohua , Zhang Jin , Zheng Xiaojiao , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version General Causality Orientation Scale‐Clinical Population (GCOS‐CP) and assessed the causality orientations in patients with major depression disorders (MDDs).MethodThe psychometric properties of the Chinese GCOS‐CP were tested in an adults group (study 1). And then, the Chinese GCOS‐CP was given to individuals with and without MDD (study 2).ResultsThe Chinese GCOS‐CP provided good reliability and validity. MDD showed lower autonomy but higher impersonal orientations relative to healthy controls.DiscussionThe GCOS‐CP is suitable for the assessment of motivation in patients with mental disorders in Chinese setting.
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, ACKR1,– ‘Jeanne DARC’ of benign neutropenia
Authors: Rappoport Naama , Simon Amos J. , Amariglio Ninette , Rechavi Gideon 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBenign neutropenia, observed in different ethnic groups, is the most common form of neutropenia worldwide. A specific single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2814778, located at the promoter of the ACKR1 (previously termed DARC) gene, which disrupts a binding site for the GATA1 erythroid transcription factor, resulting in a ACKR1‐null phenotype, was found to serve as a predictor of low white blood cell and neutrophil counts in African‐Americans and Yemenite Jews. Individuals with benign neutropenia due to the ACKR1‐null allele have been found to have an increased susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection and, on the other hand, a protective effect against malaria. The associated protective effect may explain the spread of the ACKR1‐null allele by natural selection. The reviewed relationships between ACKR1 polymorphism and various pathological states may have important clinical implications to individuals with and without benign neutropenia. Potential mechanisms for ACKR1 (previously termed DARC) modulation during neutrophil recruitment to inflammation, and chemokine bioavailability in the circulation and in local tissue are reviewed and discussed.
Health‐related quality of life in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag in the PETIT study
Authors: Grainger John D. , Blanchette Victor S. , Grotzinger Kelly M. , Roy Anuja , Bussel James B. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe PETIT (Eltrombopag in Pediatric Patients with Thrombocytopenia from Chronic ITP) trial showed that in children aged 1–17 years with chronic or persistent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), eltrombopag improved platelet counts, decreased clinically significant bleeding and reduced rescue medication need. We report the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) results from the PETIT study using the Kids’ ITP Tools (KIT). A limitation was that PETIT was not powered for the HRQoL analysis. Eltrombopag did not impact children's HRQoL assessed by the KIT. Although median KIT scores in children treated with eltrombopag with platelet responses were numerically higher compared with non‐responders in some age groups, the interquartile ranges overlapped.
A method to test the significance of differences between centrographic measures of dispersion
Authors: López‐Castro Marco Antonio , Thériault Marius , Vandersmissen Marie‐Hélène 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCentrographic measures of spatial dispersion, such as the standard distance, provide a numerical value to summarize the radial scattering of a set of points around their centre of gravity or centroid. This paper develops a procedure to test for the statistical significance of differences in dispersion between two sets of phenomena intertwined in space. The significance test is implemented using a resampling randomization procedure based on the pooled locations from both sets to estimate the sampling distribution of their differences. Repeated thousands of times, that yields empirical frequency thresholds of the sampling distributions to assess the statistical significance of the observed differences. Case studies based on residential locations of lone‐parent families and retired couples in the Quebec City Metropolitan Area illustrate the procedure. This paper shows how randomization procedures can be used to adapt classical tests to assess the statistical significance of differences between indices of spatial dispersion.
BRAF‐positive multifocal and unifocal papillary thyroid cancer show different messenger RNA expressions
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Suh Sunghwan , Goh Tae Sik , Kim Seong‐Jang , Oh Sae‐Ock , Seok Ju Won , Kim In Joo , Kim Yun Hak 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveThyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumour, and its incidence has continuously increased worldwide over the past three decades. We focused on the association of multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with messenger RNA (mRNA) expression to characterize how molecular and histopathologic features relate to multifocality.DesignA retrospective cohort study.PatientsThe primary and processed data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 490 patients were included in this study.MethodsThe statistical significance of differences in sex, age, histology, LN metastasis and recurrence were analysed using chi‐squared test. To identify differentially expressed genes between BRAF (+) multifocal and unifocal PTCs and between BRAF (−) multifocal and unifocal PTCs, we used the Significance Analysis of Microarray. Over‐representation analysis is conducted using CPDB.ResultsA total of 237 patients had BRAF (+) PTCs, whereas 253 had BRAF (−) PTCs. There were 110 patients with multifocal PTCs and 127 with unifocal PTCs in the BRAF (+) group and 116 patients with multifocal PTCs and 137 with unifocal PTCs in the BRAF (−) group. In BRAF (+) group, multifocal PTCs had increased expression of 158 mRNAs as compared to that in unifocal PTCs. Ten mRNAs were involved in Wnt‐related pathways, and seven mRNAs were included in pluripotency‐related pathways.ConclusionMultifocal PTCs have higher expression of mRNAs in Wnt‐ and pluripotency‐related pathways when BRAF mutation is present. This might be the mechanism that accounts for the difference between multifocal and unifocal PTCs.
Nonfamilial kinship carers—Who are they and what support do they need to nurture children?
Authors: Kiraly Meredith 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a growing body of literature about kinship care in the Western world; however, much of it focuses on grandparent care. A lesser known aspect of kinship care is the care of children by nonrelatives known to the child or their family. What little research exists about this group suggests that such placements are less stable than familial kinship care. This article reports a research study in Victoria, Australia, that explored nonfamilial kinship care through analysis of administrative data, interviews with young people and carers, and focus groups with kinship care support workers. It emerged that current administrative databases are not yet able to reliably identify the carer relationship, and thus the extent of such care arrangements cannot accurately be determined. Interviews and focus groups revealed that nonfamilial kinship care is diverse and qualitatively different from familial kinship care, bearing some similarities to foster care yet managed very differently. It is suggested that policymakers need to pay more attention to conceptualizing nonfamilial kinship care within kinship care policy frameworks and that greater attention is needed to the individual support needs of children in such placements and their carers.
On inflammation‐immunological balance theory—A critical apprehension of disease concepts around implants: Mucositis and marginal bone loss may represent normal conditions and not necessarily a state of disease
Authors: Albrektsson Tomas , Jemt Torsten , Mölne Johan , Tengvall Pentti , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral implants have displayed clinical survival results at the 95%‐99% level for over 10 years of follow up. Nevertheless, some clinical researchers see implant disease as a most common phenomenon. Oral implants are regarded to display disease in the form of mucositis or peri‐implantitis. One purpose of the present article is to investigate whether a state of disease is necessarily occurring when implants display soft tissue inflammation or partially lose their bony attachment. Another purpose of this article is to analyze the mode of defense for implants that are placed in a bacteria rich environment and to analyze when an obtained steady state between tissue and the foreign materials is disturbed.Materials and MethodsThe present article is authored as a narrative review contribution.ResultsEvidence is presented that further documents the fact that implants are but foreign bodies that elicit a foreign body response when placed in bone tissue. The foreign body response is characterized by a bony demarcation of implants in combination with a chronic inflammation in soft tissues. Oral implants survive in the bacteria‐rich environments where they are placed due to a dual defense system in form of chronic inflammation coupled to immunological cellular actions. Clear evidence is presented that questions the automatic diagnostics of an oral implant disease based on the finding of so called mucositis that in many instances represents but a normal tissue response to foreign body implants instead of disease. Furthermore, neither is marginal bone loss around implants necessarily indicative of a disease; the challenge to the implant represented by bone resorption may be successfully counteracted by local defense mechanisms and a new tissue‐implant steady state may evolve. Similar reactions including chronic inflammation occur in the interface of orthopedic implants that display similarly good long‐term results as do oral implants, if mainly evaluated based on revision surgery in orthopedic cases. The most common mode of failure of orthopedic implants is aseptic loosening which has been found coupled to a reactivation of the inflammatory‐ immune system.ConclusionsImplants survive in the body due to balanced defense reactions in form of chronic inflammation and activation of the innate immune system. Ten year results of oral and hip /knee implants are hence in the 90+ percentage region. Clinical problems may occur with bone resorption that in most cases is successfully counterbalanced by the defense/healing systems. However, in certain instances implant failure will ensue characterized by bacterial attacks and/or by reactivation of the immune system that now will act to remove the foreign bodies from the tissues.
Quadricuspid aortic valve: Case series and review of literature
Authors: Suraci Nicholas , Horvath Sofia A. , Urina Daniela , Rosen Gerald , Santana Orlando 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA quadricuspid aortic valve is an uncommon valve lesion. Its physical manifestations vary, and it may be associated with other cardiac lesions. Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice, with computerized tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging being utilized as adjunctive imaging modalities in certain cases. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with this valvular lesion treated at our institution, as well as a contemporary review of the literature.
Usefulness of carotid ultrasonography in the assessment of coronary artery disease extension in patients undergoing exercise echocardiography
Authors: Franco‐Gutiérrez Raúl , Pérez‐Pérez Alberto José , Franco‐Gutiérrez Virginia , Testa‐Fernández Ana María , López‐López Andrea , Pérez‐Férnandez Ruth , López‐Reboiro Manuel Lorenzo , Regueiro‐Abel Margarita , Crespo‐Leiro María Generosa , González‐Juanatey Carlos 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether carotid disease is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) extension in patients undergoing treadmill exercise stress echocardiography (EE).MethodsWe retrospectively studied 156 patients without previous vascular disease who underwent EE, carotid ultrasonography, and coronary angiography between 2002 and 2013. Low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk EE were defined as negative, localized ischemia, and multivessel/extensive ischemia EE respectively; carotid disease according to Mannheim and American Society of Echocardiography Consensus and CAD extension from zero to three vessel disease as stenosis ≥50% by visual assessment.ResultsOf the 156 patients, 67 (42.9%), 43 (27.6%), 22 (14.1%), and 24 (15.4%) had zero, one, two, and three vessel disease respectively. Age (P = 0.047), male sex (P = 0.010), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.039), smoking habit (P = 0.015), fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.021), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (P = 0.003), pretest CAD probability (P = 0.003), high‐risk EE (P < 0.001), and carotid plaque presence (CP) (P < 0.001) were associated in univariate analysis with more extensive CAD. Predictors of CAD extension in multivariate analysis were high‐risk EE (odds ratio [OR] 2.42, P < 0.001), CP presence (OR 1.75, P = 0.004), and pretest CAD probability >65% (OR 1.49, P = 0.023). CP was also associated with multivessel CAD in the 53 patients with low‐ or intermediate‐risk EE (P = 0.001).ConclusionsCP is associated with CAD extension in patients with ischemic heart disease suspicion undergoing EE. Patients with CP could benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic strategy regarding patients without carotid disease and similar risk EE, especially in intermediate‐ and/or low‐risk test where guidelines recommend initially optimal medical treatment.
Multi‐scale oviposition site selection in two mosquito species
Authors: Alcalay Yehonatan , Tsurim Ido , Ovadia Ofer 
Published: December 2018

1. In organisms characterised by complex life cycles, habitat selection often occurs at multiple spatial scales. For instance, female mosquitoes searching for an appropriate aquatic habitat to oviposit their eggs should also consider the characteristics of the terrestrial landscape in which it is embedded.2. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to test for multi‐scale oviposition site selection in two mosquito species. Artificial pools were placed in two adjacent landscapes, olive plantations and a citrus orchard, mainly differing in their blooming periods and nectar availability. Pools were organised in three pairs: predatory caged fish were present in both pools, in one pool, or in none.3. Early during the season, most of the egg rafts were laid by Culiseta longiareolata females in pools located within the blooming citrus orchard. When blooming shifted to the olive plantation, C. longiareolata become opportunistic. Culex pipiens females appeared later on during the season, when egg rafts of C. longiareolata were scarce, and they exhibited a higher selectivity to the olive plantation, although its blooming ended. In addition, the selectivity of C. pipiens to fish‐free pools was stronger than that of C. longiareolata.4. Culex pipiens was more selective, possibly due to its high dispersal ability, which can lower movement cost and enhance the ability to gather environmental information. A trade‐off among gonotrophic cycles, combined with a shorter breeding season and limited recognition ability of the predatory fish may have reduced C. longiareolata selectivity. These differential oviposition patterns can strongly affect the population and community dynamics of both species.
Inhibitory effects of fruit berry extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilms
Authors: Philip Nebu , Bandara H. M. H. N. , Leishman Shaneen J. , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: December 2018

Dark‐colored fruit berries are a rich source of polyphenols that could provide innovative bioactive molecules as natural weapons against dental caries. High‐quality extracts of cranberry, blueberry, and strawberry, and a combination of the three berry extracts (Orophenol), were used to treat 24‐h‐old Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The grown biofilms were treated with the berry extracts at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg ml−1. Treated biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity, acidogenicity, biovolumes, structural organization, and bacterial viability. The biofilms treated with the cranberry and Orophenol extracts exhibited the most significant reductions in metabolic activity, acid production, and bacterial/exopolysaccharide (EPS) biovolumes, while their structural architecture appeared less compact than the control‐treated biofilms. The blueberry extract produced significant reductions in metabolic activity and acidogenicity only at the highest concentration tested, without significantly affecting bacterial/EPS biovolumes or biofilm architecture. Strawberry extracts had no significant effects on S. mutans biofilms. None of the berry extracts were bactericidal for S. mutans. The results indicate that cranberry extract was the most effective extract in disrupting S. mutans virulence properties without significantly affecting bacterial viability. This suggests a potential ecological role for cranberry phenols as non‐bactericidal agents capable of modulating pathogenicity of cariogenic biofilms.
Opportunities for female choice in the bed bug Cimex lectularius
Authors: Gershman Susan N. , Harrison Scott A. , Jones Susan C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBed bugs are cited as exemplars of sexual conflict because mating can only occur via traumatic insemination. However, past antagonistic coevolution between the sexes does not necessarily preclude current female choice. Here, we investigate opportunities for precopulatory female choice in bed bugs. We examined whether females seek out mating opportunities when they gain the most benefit: when females are virgin and/or have recently fed. But, we found that female mating and feeding status had little effect on female attraction to males and male odor. To determine whether females approach male harborages (home crevices) to seek matings in nature, we investigated where matings occurred among unfamiliar pairs of bed bugs. We found that, despite female attraction to male odor, matings were most likely to take place in the female's harborage rather than the male's harborage. We also examined the effect of feeding on male and female ability to mate. Whereas previous research reported that engorgement impaired female ability to refuse matings, we found that male feeding status had a larger effect on the success of mating encounters than female feeding status. Fed males had poor mating success, suggesting that males may be faced with a trade‐off between mating and feeding.