bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Mortality, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cases Across Canada
Authors: Ghazawi Feras M. , Le Michelle , Lagacé François , Cyr Janelle , Alghazawi Nebras , Zubarev Andrei , Roy Simon F. , Rahme Elham , Netchiporouk Elena , Roshdy Osama , Glassman Steven J. , Sasseville Denis , Litvinov Ivan V. 
Published: May 2019

Background: We recently reported a steady increase in the incidence and mortality of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Canada during 1992-2010. Objectives: The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of Canadian CMM patients at the level of provinces, cities, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal codes. Methods: Using 3 Canadian population-based registries, we conducted an in-depth examination of the incidence and mortality trends for 72 565 Canadian CMM patients over the period 1992-2010. Results: We found that among 20- to 39-year-olds, the incidence of CMM in women (7.17 per 100 000 individuals) was significantly higher than in men (4.60 per 100 000 individuals per year). Women age 80 years and older had an incidence of CMM (58.46 cases per 100 000 women per year) more than 4 times greater than the national average (12.29 cases per 100 000 population per year) and a corresponding high mortality rate (20.18 deaths per 100 000 women per year), when compared with the Canadian melanoma mortality of 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year. In other age groups men had higher incidence and corresponding melanoma mortality rates. We also studied CMM incidence by province, city, and FSA postal codes and identified several high-incidence communities that were located near the coast/waterfronts. In addition, plotting latitude measures for cities and FSAs vs CMM incidence rate confirmed the inverse relationship between geographical latitude and incidence of melanoma in Canada (slope = –0.22 ± 0.05). Conclusions: This research may help develop sex-, age- and geographic region-specific recommendations to decrease the future burden of CMM in Canada.
A review of research about the transition from student social worker to practitioner: Exploring diversity
Authors: Battaglia Lana M , Flynn Catherine A 
Published: May 2019

Summary With increasing student mobility to and from western host-universities, newly qualified social workers are more likely to enter the field in an unfamiliar context. To examine whether current knowledge appropriately informs education and support for a diversifying cohort of newly qualified social workers in the Australian context, a scoping review was conducted on 53 articles investigating the transition to social work practice. Research conducted over a 45-year period from a broad range of international contexts was included in the review. Findings Findings suggest that current understandings do not reflect the needs or experiences of the present cohort of newly qualified social workers as they transition to social work practice. Rather, study samples, mostly derived from western contexts, are notably homogenous, with most participants described by researchers, as ‘white’. Additionally, there is an assumption that students transition to practice within the same context as their education. Current knowledge therefore does not capture the various ways internationally mobile, newly graduated social workers may transition to practice, or how it is experienced. Applications Findings suggest that further examination is urgently needed on the pathways navigated to practice by diverse and mobile early career social workers. Further consideration of the influences of diversity and mobility on experience is needed, using more inclusive research methods, to capture the variability and complexity of the transition to practice as the profession diversifies and mobilises.
Inability to act was associated with an extended delay prior to care-seeking, in patients with an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nymark Carolin , Henriksson Peter , Mattiasson Anne-Cathrine , Saboonchi Fredrik , Kiessling Anna 
Published: May 2019

Background:The out-of-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction remains unchanged in contrast to a decrease in inhospital mortality. Interventions aiming to shorten patient delay have been largely unsuccessful. A deeper understanding is apparently needed on patients’ appraisal prior to care-seeking.Aim:To investigate whether appraisal processes influence patient delay, and if the questionnaire ‘Patients’ appraisal, emotions and action tendencies preceding care seeking in acute myocardial infarction’ (PA-AMI) could discriminate between patients with prolonged care-seeking and those with a short delay.Methods:A cross-sectional study including 326 acute myocardial infarction patients filling out the validated questionnaire PA-AMI. The impact of subscales on delay was analysed by projection to latent structures regression. Discrimination opportunities between patients with short and long delays were analysed by projection to latent structures discriminant analysis.Results:The subscales ‘perceived inability to act’ and ‘symptom appraisal’ had a major impact on patient delay ( P<0.0001). ‘Perceived inability to act’ had its main influence in patients with a delay exceeding 12 hours, and ‘symptom appraisal’ had its main influence in patients with a delay shorter than one hour.Conclusion:Appraisal processes influence patient delay. Acute myocardial infarction patients with a prolonged delay were, besides a low perceived symptom severity and urgency to seek medical care, characterised by a perceived loss of control and ability to act. Therefore, future interventions aimed at decreasing delay should pay attention to appraisal processes, and perceived inability to act may be a sign of a health threat and therefore a signal to seek medical care.
Discovery of vascular Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitory peptides
Authors: Abbasgholizadeh Reza , Zhang Hua , Craft John W , Bryan Robert M , Bark Steven J , Briggs James M , Fox Robert O , Agarkov Anton , Zimmer Warren E , Gilbertson Scott R , Schwartz Robert J 
Published: May 2019

Rho-activated kinases (ROCKs) regulate many cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, and smooth muscle contractility, but they are also associated with pathogenesis of many human diseases such as heart failure and hypertension. We used phage display libraries to identify inhibitory polypeptides that bind to the ROCK1 catalytic domain, but do not compete with the ATP-binding pocket, by screening in the presence of high ATP concentrations (1 mM). Peptide7, a promising ROCK inhibitory peptide for both ROCK isoforms, measured at 1.45 ± 0.28 µM for ROCK1 (1–553) and 5.15 ± 1.15 µM for ROCK2. Peptide7 reduced cellular migration in wound healing assays. The binding epitope on ROCK1 was mapped to the flexible activation loop within the catalytic domain. Peptide alanine scanning mutants helped identify critical amino acids to generate optimized Peptide22. This compact ROCK inhibitor facilitated vascular relaxation, blocked neovascularization of endothelial cells, and inhibited MLC phosphatase phosphorylation. Our novel ROCK peptide inhibitors may provide potential treatment of hypertension and PAH progression. Impact statement Rho-activated kinases, known as ROCK(s), are significant signaling components in cells that lead alterations in cellular function. The central role of ROCK in smooth muscle cellular homeostasis makes it an important therapeutic target. Small molecule kinase inhibitors target enzyme active site competing for ATP binding. Although effective, ATP binding active sites are similar among very different kinases, and many small molecule inhibitors suffer from non-specific inactivation which as therapeutics can lead to substantial side effects. Here, we designed experiments to identify ROCK inhibitors that do not target ATP binding, rather develop peptides that inhibit ROCK in the presence of ATP. We identified a peptide that binds the activation loop of the enzyme and effectively inhibits activity. This will allow a development of a new class of drugs with exquisite specificity for the ROCK kinases and potentially revolutionize treatment of high blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and many more diseases.
Stroke progression and clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients with a history of migraine
Authors: Mulder Inge A , Holswilder Ghislaine , van Walderveen Marianne AA , van der Schaaf Irene C , Bennink Edwin , Horsch Alexander D , Kappelle L Jaap , Velthuis Birgitta K , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Terwindt Gisela M , Schonewille Wouter J , Visser Marieke C , Ferrari Michel D , Algra Ale , Wermer Marieke JH ,   for the DUST investigators
Published: May 2019

Background Patients with migraine might be more susceptible of spreading depolarizations, which are known to affect vascular and neuronal function and penumbra recovery after stroke. We investigated whether these patients have more severe stroke progression and less favorable outcomes after recanalization therapy. Methods We included patients from a prospective multicenter ischemic stroke cohort. Lifetime migraine history was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria. Patients without confirmed migraine diagnosis were excluded. Patients underwent CT angiography and CT perfusion <9 h of onset and follow-up CT after three days. On admission, presence of a perfusion deficit, infarct core and penumbra volume, and blood brain barrier permeability (BBBP) were assessed. At follow-up we assessed malignant edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and final infarct volume. Outcome at three months was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We calculated adjusted relative risks (aRR) or difference of means (aB) with regression analyses. Results We included 600 patients of whom 43 had migraine. There were no differences between patients with or without migraine in presence of a perfusion deficit on admission (aRR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.77–1.25), infarct core volume (aB: -10.8, 95%CI: -27.04–5.51), penumbra volume (aB: -11.6, 95%CI: -26.52–3.38), mean blood brain barrier permeability (aB: 0.08, 95%CI: -3.11–2.96), malignant edema (0% vs. 5%), hemorrhagic transformation (aRR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.04–1.73), final infarct volume (aB: -14.8, 95%CI: 29.9–0.2) or outcome after recanalization therapy (mRS > 2, aRR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.21–1.22). Conclusion Elderly patients with a history of migraine do not seem to have more severe stroke progression and have similar treatment outcomes compared with patients without migraine.
Risk factors and mitigation of influenza among Indigenous children in Australia, Canada, United States, and New Zealand: a scoping review
Authors: McLeod C , Adunuri N , Booth R 
Published: May 2019

Aim: This review considers prominent risk factors and mitigation strategies of influenza among Indigenous children. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from the period of 2004–2017 to locate articles discussing influenza among Indigenous children in the developed circumpolar nations of Australia, Canada, United States, and New Zealand. Articles selected for inclusion discussed influenza among Indigenous children as either individuals or as a part of a community. Ancestry searches of articles meeting the review criteria were also undertaken to discern seminal research in this topic area. Results: From the 39 primary research studies included, marked risk factors and mitigation strategies of influenza among Indigenous children were identified using inductive analysis. Notable risk factors included age under 2 years, cigarette smoke exposure, presence of a chronic illness, and crowded living conditions. Successful mitigation of influenza for Indigenous children included strategies to improve vaccine coverage, provision of health education, and policy change. Conclusion: In the past, the impact of influenza upon Indigenous communities has been devastating for both children and their families. By utilizing existing public health infrastructure and collaborating with culturally unique Indigenous groups, preventive action for Indigenous children at significant risk of contracting influenza can be realized.
Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use on Pain in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Johal Herman , Khan Moin , Yung Shu-hang Patrick , Dhillon Mandeep S. , Fu Freddie H. , Bedi Asheesh , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: May 2019

Context: Amid extensive debate, evidence surrounding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for musculoskeletal injuries has rapidly proliferated, and an overall assessment of efficacy of PRP across orthopaedic indications is required. Objectives: (1) Does PRP improve patient-reported pain in musculoskeletal conditions? and (2) Do PRP characteristics influence its treatment effect? Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science libraries were searched through February 8, 2017. Additional studies were identified from reviews, trial registries, and recent conferences. Study Selection: All English-language randomized trials comparing platelet-rich therapy with a control in patients 18 years or older with musculoskeletal bone, cartilage, or soft tissue injuries treated either conservatively or surgically were included. Substudies of previously reported trials or abstracts and conference proceedings that lacked sufficient information to generate estimates of effect for the primary outcome were excluded. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: All data were reviewed and extracted independently by 3 reviewers. Agreement was high between reviewers with regard to included studies. Results: A total of 78 randomized controlled trials (5308 patients) were included. A standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.5 was established as the minimum for a clinically significant reduction in pain. A reduction in pain was associated with PRP at 3 months (SMD, –0.34; 95% CI, –0.48 to –0.20) and sustained until 1 year (SMD, –0.60; 95% CI, –0.81 to –0.39). Low- to moderate-quality evidence supports a reduction in pain for lateral epicondylitis (SMD, –0.69; 95% CI, –1.15 to –0.23) and knee osteoarthritis (SMD, –0.91; 95% CI, –1.41 to –0.41) at 1 year. PRP characteristics did not influence results. Conclusion: PRP leads to a reduction in pain; however, evidence for clinically significant efficacy is limited. Available evidence supports the use of PRP in the management of lateral epicondylitis as well as knee osteoarthritis.
When Is It Safe to Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction? Reviewing the Criteria
Authors: Kaplan Yonatan , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: May 2019

Context: There is an ever-increasing trend toward sports, fitness, and recreation activities, so the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament sports injuries has increased. Perhaps the greatest challenge for sports clinicians is to return the injured athlete back to his/her original sport at an even greater level of functional ability than preinjury. For this, rigorous and well-researched criteria are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Using medical subject headings and free-text words, an electronic search was conducted up to October 2018. Subject-specific search was based on the terms return to play and return to sport in combination with guidelines, criteria, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: Five principal criteria were found, including psychological factors, performance/functional tests, strength tests, time, and modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Conclusion: The psychological readiness of the player is a major factor in successful safe return to sport (SRTS) decision making. Although strength, performance, and functional tests presently form the mainstay of SRTS criteria, there exists very little scientific evidence for their validity. More protection should be provided to athletes with known risk factors. Movement quality is important, if not more important than the quantifiable measures. As a result of the significantly high rerupture rate in young individuals, delayed SRTS should be considered preferably beyond 9 months postsurgery.
Psychometric and Clinimetric Validity of the Modified 25-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test
Authors: Tait Sarah D. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Chidambaram Smrithi , Schneider John , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: May 2019

Background Productivity losses are a significant part of the disease burden associated with rhinosinusitis, but existing measures of disease-specific quality of life exclude explicit assessment of the impact of the disease on productivity. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinimetric and psychometric validity of the 25-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-25), a modified version of the SNOT-22. Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted at an academic medical center. Participants included adult patients with rhinosinusitis who presented for routine visits to the Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine otolaryngology clinic between August 2016 and March 2017. Results The SNOT-25 was created with the addition of three productivity-specific items to the SNOT-22 instrument. A total of 120 rhinosinusitis patients completed all baseline measurements and 94 (78.3%) completed 3-month follow-up. The Cronbach’s α was 0.83, indicating high internal consistency. Rhinosinusitis patients had on average a 24-point higher baseline SNOT-25 score (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13–35) as compared to healthy controls indicating good discriminative validity. There was high correlation between SNOT-25 scores at 3 months and 3.5 months ( r = .81; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87) confirming strong test–retest reliability. SNOT-25 had a strong correlation with the overall score of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument ( r = .55; 95% CI, 0.42–0.65), and among Short Form-36 subscales, the strongest correlations existed between SNOT-25 and the fatigue scale ( r = −.522; 95% CI, −0.63 to −0.39). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 3 new questions of SNOT-25 loaded together with reduction in productivity and concentration items on a new “productivity” factor. Conclusion The SNOT-25 is a valid instrument that can be used to assess rhinosinusitis disease burden including the impact on productivity and may be a better predictor of treatment decisions and outcomes.
A family-based multimedia intervention to enhance the uptake of colorectal cancer screening among older South Asian adults in Hong Kong: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: So Winnie K. W. , Law Bernard M. H. , Choi Kai Chow , Chan Dorothy N. S. , Chan Carmen W. H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, such as fecal occult blood test (FOBT), is an effective way to prevent CRC, one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, studies found that South Asian ethnic minorities tend not to utilize CRC screening, whose importance on CRC prevention shall be educated among those from ethnic minorities, especially older adults. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a family-based, multimedia intervention to augment the knowledge of CRC prevention among older South Asian adults in Hong Kong and enhance their motivation for undergoing FOBT. The acceptability and effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial will be carried out. Three hundred and twenty South Asian dyads, comprising an older adult aged between 50 and 75 and a younger family member aged between 18 and 49, will be recruited in ten districts in Hong Kong through community organizations that provide support services for South Asians in local communities. Dyads will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or wait-list control group. Intervention dyads will receive intervention, whose contents are based on the health belief model, via multiple forms of media including PowerPoint presentation, video clip and health information booklet. Control dyads will receive intervention after post-intervention data are collected. For dyads in both groups, an appointment with a family doctor will be arranged for those willing to undergo FOBT. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Data will be analysed using the Generalised Linear Models Procedure in an intention-to-treat manner.

Discussion
Findings of this study will provide evidence of the benefits of utilizing multimedia and family-based approaches in intervention development to enhance the effectiveness of health promotion interventions for ethnic minorities. Further, the findings would provide reference to the potential incorporation of the intervention in the existing support services for South Asian ethnic minorities in local communities.

Trial registration
This trial is registered at the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN72829325) on 19th July 2018.
Clinical outcomes of patients with or without common AEs in anlotinib cohort: Subgroup analysis of the ALTER0303 trial.
Authors: Zhe-Hai Wang , Han Baohui , Li Kai , Cheng Ying , Liu Jie , Guo Jun , Liu Liyan , Xie Chao , Han Xiao , WANG Haiyong , Wang Qiming , Zhang Li , Shi Jianhua , He Jianxing , Shi Yuankai , Chen Weiqiang , Luo Yi , Wu Lin , Wang Xiuwen , Nan Kejun ,   Anlotinbi authors' group
Published: May 2019

e20507 Background: In ALTER 0303, the common adverse reaction (AE) included hypertension (HTN) and hand foot syndrome (HFS). In this subgroup analysis, we aim to assess the relationship between common AEs and clinical benefit in anlotinib cohort. Methods: Eligible patients showed disease progression after second-line or further treatment were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive 12 mg/day of anlotinib or placebo. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). This subgroup analysis was based on anlotinib cohort. Results: Patients with HTN had significantly improved median OS, median progress-free survival (PFS), objective response (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) compared with patients without HFS in anlotinib cohort. Similarly, patients with HFS had better clinical outcomes in anlotinib cohort. Not surprisingly, patients occurred both HFS and HTN had more superior medium OS compared with only HFS, only HTN and neither HFS nor HTN. Conclusions: HTN or HFS is associated with better clinical outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients received anlotinib. Clinical trial information: NCT02388919. [Table: see text]