bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synbiotic Effects of the Dietary Fiber Long‐Chain Inulin and Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 Can be Caused by Direct, Synergistic Stimulation of Immune Toll‐Like Receptors and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Lépine Alexia , de Vos Paul 
Published: June 2018

ScopeSynbiotic effects of dietary fibers and lactobacilli are usually explained by synergistic modulation of gut microbiota. New insight, however, has demonstrated that both dietary fibers and lactobacilli can directly stimulate immune cells and benefit consumer immunity. Here, the synergistic effects of immune active long‐chain inulin (lcITF) and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 (LaW37) on dendritic cells (DCs) are investigated.Methods and resultsEffects of lcITF and LaW37 alone or combined were studied on Toll‐like receptor (TLRs) signaling and cytokine secretion by DCs in the presence and absence of media of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) exposed to the ingredients. Also, the effects of DC responses against Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) were investigated. Synergistic effects were observed on TLR2 and 3. Synergistic effects were not always pro‐inflammatory. LaW37 was strongly pro‐inflammatory, while cytokine responses were regulatory when combined with lcITF. Exposure of DCs to IECs medium changed the DCs’ response, which revealed synergistic enhancing effects of lcITF/LaW37 on production of IL‐6 and IL‐8. DCs’ response in the presence of STM and LaW37 were so strong that lcITF had no additional effect.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that synbiotic effects of dietary fibers and bacteria are not limited to the effects on gut microbiota but can also occur by synergistically directly stimulating IECs and/or immune cells.
Adipose Tissue is a Potential Source of Hyperandrogenism in Obese Female Rats
Authors: Wagner Isabel Viola , Sahlin Lena , Savchuk Iuliia , Klöting Nora , Svechnikov Konstantin , Söder Olle 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveObesity in females is often associated with metabolic complications and hyperandrogenism, but the sources of androgens are not completely understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether adipose tissue could be a source of androgens promoting hyperandrogenism development in obese female rats.MethodsGene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and testosterone levels were determined in periovarian and inguinal adipose tissue and in the supernatant of cultured preadipocytes and adipocytes. The conversion of pregnenolone to androgens was analyzed by thin‐layer chromatography.ResultsSubstantial amounts of testosterone in adipose tissue (25‐153 ng/g tissue) and in the supernatant of adipocytes (0.33‐0.69 ng/ten thousand cells]) were found. StAR and steroidogenic enzymes encoded by genes including Cyp11A1, Cyp17A1, Cyp19, Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3, and Srd5a2 were expressed in adipose tissue and cultured cells. Thin layer chromatography data revealed that preadipocytes and adipocytes were able to convert pregnenolone to testosterone. Higher levels for all steroidogenic enzymes were found in both depots of obese animals compared with lean animals, with significantly higher levels in inguinal tissue.ConclusionsThe whole steroidogenic machinery and capacity for testosterone biosynthesis were found in fat depots of female rats. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue may contribute substantially to the hyperandrogenism in female obesity.
Integrative Analysis of Proteome and Ubiquitylome Reveals Unique Features of Lysosomal and Endocytic Pathways in Gefitinib‐Resistant Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Wang , Wang Heyong , Yang Yan , Zhao Tian , Zhang Zhixiong , Tian Ye , Shi Zhaomie , Peng Xiaojun , Li Fei , Feng Yonghong , Zhang Lei , Jiang Gening , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying EGFR activating mutations treated with gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, will develop drug resistance. Ubiquitylation is one of major posttranslational modifications of proteins affecting the stability or function of proteins. However, the role of protein ubiquitylation in gefitinib resistance is poorly understood. To systematically identify the global change in protein expression and ubiquitylation during gefitinib resistance, a quantitative global proteome and ubiquitylome study in a pair of gefitinib‐resistant and sensitive NSCLC cells is carried out. Altogether, changes in expression of 3773 proteins are quantified, and changes in ubiquitylation of 2893 lysine sites in 1415 proteins are measured in both cells. Interestingly, lysosomal and endocytic pathways, which are involved in autophagy regulation, are enriched with upregulated proteins or ubiquitylated proteins in gefitinib‐resistant cells. In addition, HMGA2 overexpression or ALOX5 knockdown suppresses gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. Overall, these results reveal the previously unknown global ubiquitylome and proteomic features associated with gefitinib resistance, uncover the opposing roles of HMGA2 or ALOX5 in regulating gefitinib resistance and autophagy, and will help to identify new therapeutic targets in overcoming gefitinib resistance.
Output feedback stabilization using super‐twisting control and high‐gain observer
Authors: Liu Haitao , Khalil Hassan K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn output feedback controller is designed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with relative degree higher than one. A super‐twisting sliding mode state feedback controller is designed and implemented using a high‐gain observer. It is proved that the controller achieves practical stabilization and the ultimate bound can be reduced by decreasing a design parameter. The performance of the controller is illustrated by simulation.
Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Methyl‐1‐naphthol: A Comparison between Bismuth‐Promoted Pt, Pd and Ag Catalysts
Authors: Maphoru Mabuatsela V. , Heveling Josef , Kesavan Pillai Sreejarani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCatalyst development for the oxidative coupling of naphthols is important for the synthesis of biomimetic compounds and pharmaceuticals. Carbon supported 5%M‐5%Bi catalysts (M=Pt, Pd, Ag) were prepared by electroless deposition. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDX and TGA. Narrow particle size distributions of the noble metals were obtained, corresponding to an average particle size of 3.1–3.2 nm. Oxidative coupling of 2‐methyl‐1‐naphthol with H2O2 as the oxidant was the test reaction. The catalyst activities increase in the order Ag < Pd ≪ Pt. The outcome of the reaction depends on M, the solvent and the reaction temperature. Over Pt and Pd the binaphthol (3,3’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐binaphthalenyl‐4,4’‐diol) can be obtained with yields of 89–94% in refluxing nitromethane. Under otherwise identical conditions, Ag gives the binaphthone (3,3’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐binaphthalenylidene‐4,4’‐dione) with an isolated yield of 80%. The results show that apart from the solvent and the reaction temperature, also the choice of the catalytic metal can have an important influence on the outcome of the reaction.
Aerobic Copper‐Catalyzed Acetoxysulfenylation and Hydrosulfenylation of Alkenes with Thiols
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed acetoxysulfenylation and hydrosulfenylation of alkenes using thiols were achieved. When a reaction was performed in acetic acid using CuI‐Phen⋅H2O catalyst, the corresponding acetoxysulfides were obtained in excellent yields. This procedure could suppress the progress of hydroxysulfenylation or hydrosulfenylation. On the other hand, a reaction employing CuI‐TMEDA catalyst could undergo hydrosulfenylation through a radical process.
Influence of Aquatic Macrophytes on Age‐0 Largemouth Bass Growth and Diets
Authors: Nohner Joel K. , Taylor William W. , Hayes Daniel B. , Roth Brian M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMacrophyte removal by lakefront property owners occurs on glacial lakes throughout the range of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, yet little information exists on how it affects recruitment of these fish populations. We hypothesized that with greater prey availability in macrophytes, age‐0 Largemouth Bass consumption and growth would increase. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an in‐lake experiment with age‐0 Largemouth Bass in twelve 9.29‐m2 littoral mesocosms in glacial Chancellor Lake, Michigan, during summer and fall 2014. We removed macrophytes from mesocosm substrates to produce low‐coverage, high‐coverage, and vegetation edge treatments and determined treatment effects on consumption and growth at differing age‐0 Largemouth Bass stocking densities (0.86–2.15 fish/m2). When macrophytes were present, age‐0 Largemouth Bass stomachs contained fewer zooplankton, contained terrestrial invertebrates more often, and contained aquatic macroinvertebrates less often than when macrophytes were absent. Age‐0 Largemouth Bass consumed more fish prey in macrophyte edge and high macrophyte coverage enclosures stocked at moderate densities, resulting in total stomach content biomass increases that increased growth and, potentially, recruitment. Age‐0 Largemouth Bass from enclosures with macrophyte edge and high macrophyte coverage grew 9.7 ± 2.2% (mean ± SD) and 8.3 ± 1.9% longer, respectively, than their counterparts in low macrophyte coverage enclosures; fish in macrophyte edge or high macrophyte coverage treatments at moderate stocking density gained 109.3 ± 45.1% and 110.7 ± 45.0% more weight, respectively, than those in low‐coverage enclosures. These results demonstrate a causal linkage between macrophytes and age‐0 Largemouth Bass consumption and growth in lakes. We recommend that fisheries managers seeking to increase consumption and growth rates in age‐0 Largemouth Bass consider protecting and restoring macrophytes in littoral habitats up to 60% coverage to potentially decrease mortality and improve recruitment.
Accelerated testing of powerful electrovacuum devices
Authors: Lisenkov A. A. , Pryalukhin E. D. , Kostrin D. K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this paper the factors influencing the service life of powerful generating lamps are considered. Possibilities of accelerated testing of the devices with the purpose of saving time and resources are described. The methodology and design of the research stand for accelerated testing are presented. Results of a study of the processes of mutual diffusion of the materials of the grid mesh and antiemission coating are shown. Criteria to evaluate the lifetime of the powerful electrovacuum devices are given.
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 4
Authors: Shirokikh Nikolay E. , Preiss Thomas 
Published: June 2018

The cover image, by Nikolay E. Shirokikh and Thomas Preiss, is based on the Overview Translation initiation by capdependent ribosome recruitment: Recent insights and open questions, DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1473. Image Credit: Dr. Cheryl Li, The Babraham Institute.
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A best-practice position statement on pregnancy after kidney transplantation: focusing on the unsolved questions. The Kidney and Pregnancy Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology
Authors: Cabiddu Gianfranca , Spotti Donatella , Gernone Giuseppe , Santoro Domenico , Moroni Gabriella , Gregorini Gina , Giacchino Franca , Attini Rossella , Limardo Monica , Gammaro Linda , Todros Tullia , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara ,   The Kidney and Pregnancy Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology
Published: June 2018

AbstractKidney transplantation (KT) is often considered to be the method best able to restore fertility in a woman with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, pregnancies in KT are not devoid of risks (in particular prematurity, small for gestational age babies, and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy). An ideal profile of the potential KT mother includes “normal” or “good” kidney function (usually defined as glomerular filtration rate, GFR ≥ 60 ml/min), scant or no proteinuria (usually defined as below 500 mg/dl), normal or well controlled blood pressure (one drug only and no sign of end-organ damage), no recent acute rejection, good compliance and low-dose immunosuppression, without the use of potentially teratogen drugs (mycophenolic acid and m-Tor inhibitors) and an interval of at least 1–2 years after transplantation. In this setting, there is little if any risk of worsening of the kidney function. Less is known about how to manage “non-ideal” situations, such as a pregnancy a short time after KT, or one in the context of hypertension or a failing kidney. The aim of this position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology is to review the literature and discuss what is known about the clinical management of CKD after KT, with particular attention to women who start a pregnancy in non-ideal conditions. While the experience in such cases is limited, the risks of worsening the renal function are probably higher in cases with markedly reduced kidney function, and in the presence of proteinuria. Well-controlled hypertension alone seems less relevant for outcomes, even if its effect is probably multiplicative if combined with low GFR and proteinuria. As in other settings of kidney disease, superimposed preeclampsia (PE) is differently defined and this impairs calculating its real incidence. No specific difference between non-teratogen immunosuppressive drugs has been shown, but calcineurin inhibitors have been associated with foetal growth restriction and low birth weight. The clinical choices in cases at high risk for malformations or kidney function impairment (pregnancies under mycophenolic acid or with severe kidney-function impairment) require merging clinical and ethical approaches in which, beside the mother and child dyad, the grafted kidney is a crucial “third element”.
Current understanding of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers and memory in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bayram Ece , Caldwell Jessica Z.K. , Banks Sarah J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a cascade of changes to brain integrity. Neuroimaging biomarkers are important in diagnosis and monitoring the effects of interventions. As memory impairments are among the first symptoms of AD, the relationship between imaging findings and memory deficits is important in biomarker research. The most established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding is hippocampal atrophy, which is related to memory decline and currently used as a diagnostic criterion for AD. While the medial temporal lobes are impacted early by the spread of neurofibrillary tangles, other networks and regional changes can be found quite early in the progression. Atrophy in several frontal and parietal regions, cortical thinning, and white matter alterations correlate with memory deficits in early AD. Changes in activation and connectivity have been detected by functional MRI (fMRI). Task‐based fMRI studies have revealed medial temporal lobe hypoactivation, parietal hyperactivation, and frontal hyperactivation in AD during memory tasks, and activation patterns of these regions are also altered in preclinical and prodromal AD. Resting state fMRI has revealed alterations in default mode network activity related to memory in early AD. These studies are limited in part due to the historic inclusion of patients who had suspected AD but likely did not have the disorder. Modern biomarkers allow for more diagnostic certainty, allowing better understanding of neuroimaging markers in true AD, even in the preclinical stage. Larger patient cohorts, comparison of candidate imaging biomarkers to more established biomarkers, and inclusion of more detailed neuropsychological batteries to assess multiple aspects of memory are needed to better understand the memory deficit in AD and help develop new biomarkers. This article reviews MRI findings related to episodic memory impairments in AD and introduces a new study with multimodal imaging and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation to overcome current limitations.
Made in Empire: Finding the History of International Law in Imperial Locations
Authors: BENTON LAUREN 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA wave of interdisciplinary scholarship in the last two decades has managed to place empires at the center of the history of international law. This article surveys key insights resulting from this move and assesses remaining challenges. In explaining how the study of law in particular imperial locations can illuminate global legal transformations, the article identifies cross-cutting themes of articles in this special volume.
MODAL STRUCTURALISM AND REFLECTION
Authors: ROBERTS SAM 
Published: June 2018

AbstractModal structuralism promises an interpretation of set theory that avoids commitment to abstracta. This article investigates its underlying assumptions. In the first part, I start by highlighting some shortcomings of the standard axiomatisation of modal structuralism, and propose a new axiomatisation I call MSST (forModal Structural Set Theory). The main theorem is that MSST interprets exactly Zermelo set theory plus the claim that every set is in some inaccessible rank of the cumulative hierarchy. In the second part of the article, I look at the prospects for supplementing MSST with a modal structuralreflection principle, as suggested in Hellman (2015). I show that Hellman’s principle is inconsistent (Theorem 5.32), and argue that modal structural reflection principles in general are either incompatible with modal structuralism or extremely weak.
Anxiety-like behavior and structural changes of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in gestational protein-restricted male offspring
Authors: Torres D. B. , Lopes A. , Rodrigues A. J. , Cerqueira J. J , Sousa N. , Gontijo J. A. R. , Boer P. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnimal evidence has suggested that maternal emotional and nutritional stress during pregnancy is associated with behavioral outcomes in offspring. The nature of the stresses applied may differ, but it is often assumed that the mother’s hippocampus–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HHPA) axis response releases higher levels of glucocorticoid hormones. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is in a pivotal position to regulate the HHPA axis and the stress response, and it has been implicated in anxiety behavior. In the current study, to search whether BNST structural changes and neurochemical alterations are associated with anxiety-related behavior in adult gestational protein-restricted offspring relative to an age-matched normal protein diet (NP) rats, we conduct behavioral tests and, BNST dendritic tree analysis by Sholl analysis, associated to immunoblotting–protein quantification [11β-HSD2, GR, MR, AT1R, 5HT1A and 5HT2A, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRH) and CRH1]. Dams were maintained either on isocaloric standard rodent chow [with NP content, 17% casein or low protein content (LP), 6% casein] chow throughout their entire pregnancy. Here, in rats subjected to gestational protein restriction, we found: (a) a significant reduction in dendritic length and impoverished dendritic arborization in BNST neurons; (b) an elevated plasmatic corticosterone levels; and (c) associated with enhanced anxiety-like behavior when compared with age-matched NP offspring. Moreover, altered protein (11β-HSD2, GR, MR and type 1 CRH receptors) expressions may underlie the increase in anxiety-like behavior in LP offspring. This work represents the first demonstration that BNST developmental plasticity by maternal protein restriction, resulting in fine structural changes and neurochemical alterations that are associated with modified behavioral states.
Modeling the Offshore Export of Subantarctic Shelf Waters From the Patagonian Shelf
Authors: Franco B. C. , Palma E. D. , Combes V. , Acha E. M. , Saraceno M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt has been suggested that the Subtropical Shelf Front (STSF) could be a preferential site for the detrainment of Subantarctic Shelf Water (SASW) and related planktonic shelf species onto the open SW Atlantic Ocean. The offshore detrainment of SASW and planktonic shelf species might be an exportation mechanism, affecting the population abundances of fishing resources in Argentina, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. In this study, we characterize for the first time the 3‐D structure of the STSF and the main routes of offshore export of SASW from the Patagonian shelf during austral summer (summer and early fall) and winter (winter and early spring) by using numerical hydrodynamical model results and Lagrangian tracking simulations of neutrally buoyant floats. The transport of SASW toward the open ocean is ~1 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) during summer and ~0.8 Sv during winter. SASW are exported offshore mainly near the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence region during both seasons. The STSF appears to act as an important retention mechanism for the plankton over the inner and middle shelf mainly during late summer and early fall. Our findings could explain the life cycle of distinct fish species that are distributed in the region, as well as the population abundance variability of such species.
Deregulation of UBE2C-mediated autophagy repression aggravates NSCLC progression
Authors: Guo Jiwei , Wu Yan , Du Jing , Yang Lijuan , Chen Weiwei , Gong Kaikai , Dai Juanjuan , Miao Shuang , Jin Dan , Xi Sichuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe roles of aberrantly regulated autophagy in human malignancy and the mechanisms that initiate and sustain the repression of autophagy in carcinogenesis are less well defined. Activation of the oncogene UBE2C and repression of autophagy are concurrently underlying the initiation, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer and exploration of essential association of UBE2C with autophagy will confer more options in searching novel molecular therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Here we report that aberrant activation of UBE2C in lung tumors from patients associates with adverse prognosis and enhances cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasive growth of NSCLC. UBE2C selectively represses autophagy in NSCLC and disruption of UBE2C-mediated autophagy repression attenuates cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasive growth of NSCLC. Autophagy repression is essentially involved in UBE2C-induced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasive growth of NSCLC. Interference of UBE2C-autophagy repression axis by Norcantharidin arrests NSCLC progression. UBE2C is repressed post-transcriptionally via tumor suppressor miR-381 and epitranscriptionally stabilized with maintenance of lower m6A level within its mature RNAs due to the upregulation of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in NSCLC. Collectively, our results indicated that deregulated UBE2C-autophagy repression axis drives NSCLC progression which renders varieties of potential molecular targets in cancer therapy of NSCLC.