bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension control and risk of colonic diverticulosis
Authors: Yeo Li-Xian , Tseng Tzu-Hsiang , Chen Wei-Liang , Kao Tung-Wei , Wu Li-Wei , Fang Wen-Hui , Chang Yaw-Wen , Peng Tao-Chun 
Published: June 2019

Background: The prevalence of diverticulosis has increased in our aging population, but the risk factors for diverticulosis are not fully understood. The role of hypertension in the risk of diverticulosis remains uncertain. This study investigated whether hypertension is associated with asymptomatic colorectal diverticulosis. Methods: This study enrolled asymptomatic patients who received a colonoscopy as part of a health check. Hypertension was defined by actual measured blood pressure. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between hypertension and diverticulosis. In addition, we established three logistic regression models for covariate adjustment, and further stratified patients with hypertension into three subgroups based on their type of hypertension. Results: The study group consisted of 2748 participants, including 141 participants with diverticulosis and 2607 participants without diverticulosis. After adjustments for potential covariates, the odds ratio (OR) for having diverticulosis was 1.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.75, p = 0.004) in the hypertension group compared with the group without hypertension. In subgroup analyses, hypertension without antihypertensive medication use, and hypertension despite the use of antihypertensive medication were also significantly associated with the occurrence of asymptomatic diverticulosis (OR = 1.73, p = 0.028; OR = 2.07, p = 0.013, respectively). Current normal blood pressure under antihypertensive drug therapy was not associated with diverticulosis (OR = 1.74, p = 0.092). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a positive association between hypertension and diverticulosis. Participants with poorly controlled blood pressure were found to have a higher risk of asymptomatic diverticulosis. Our study presents epidemiologic evidence for future prevention strategies against diverticulosis.
Early Literacy and Diversity
Authors: Hill Susan 
Published: June 2019

There are many different approaches to teaching early literacy, however two major forces are at play in the 1990s. There are forces advocating National Curriculum standards, outcomes and accountability. Alternatively, a post-modern view explores the links between language and power in diverse communities. This paper argues from a post-modern position that early literacy benefits from exploring different ethnic experiences, racial and gender relationships as they enrich, extend and enliven learning to read and write. Several key principles for planning an early literacy curriculum are discussed including finding and using children's funds of knowledge’, building democratic communities in early childhood settings, honouring diversity amongst children and teachers, as well as finding strategies which effectively engage children. Finally, above all else, the notion of having fun together in reading and writing is stressed.
Early Intervention and Families in Rural Victoria
Authors: Fyffe Chris , Gavidia-Payne Susana T. , McCubbery Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

Families are increasingly understood as inter-related systems where each component interacts with other components in diverse ways. Contemporary research on families which have children with disabilities emphasises the complexity of families and the futility of searching for one characteristic of a family as predictive of family outcomes. The current study investigated the relationship between family needs, family supports, and demographic information for rural families who were eligible for early intervention services. The study did not attempt to review specific early intervention services, but rather to associate the characteristics of services which families found most and least effective. The results are discussed in terms of the practice of providing family-focused models of service delivery.This project was funded by the Golden North Centre, Spastic Society, Bendigo
Young Children and Metacognition: Do we know what they know they Know? And if so, What do we do about it?
Authors: McLeod Lorraine 
Published: June 2019

What do we know about what children know about their own knowledge and learning? What do children do about their knowledge? And how do they understand these things? For centuries, these questions have concerned those involved with young children. This paper offers an overview of the philosophies and influences which have underpinned research into the metacognitive abilities of young children during the last two decades. The implications of this research for current teaching practice will be discussed, and concerns and suggestions for the future will be offered.Recently, a number of comments have niggled at my consciousness; comments like those of Beverley Lambert (1992, p. 139) who suggests that, if the concept of cognitive development within ‘developmentally appropriate practice’ (Bredekamp, 1987, p.2–3) is based on Piagetian theory as she suspects, then ‘the field of early childhood education needs to reexamine its whole approach to the teaching-learning process.’ Comments from Di Catherwood (1994, p.25), who challenges researchers and practitioners to ‘reappraise the premises regarding early cognition that underlie early childhood education.’ And, from Mary Jane Drummond (1989, p.6), the disclosure that early childhood educators are concealing a ‘conceptual vacuum at the centre of our work.’How can we begin to answer these criticisms and move forward from our present research base? How can the developing metacognitive abilities of our children be enhanced?
The Value of SPECT/CT for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zarringam D. , Saris D.B.F. , Bekkers J.E.J. 
Published: June 2019

Background Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) is a diagnostic option for knee osteoarthritis patients without osteoarthritic features on X-ray; however, the added value of SPECT/CT remains debatable in the diagnostic algorithm. Objective To review the added value of SPECT/CT in the diagnostic algorithm of knee osteoarthritis. Study Design Systematic review Methods A systematic search was carried out in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane collaboration. The retrieved articles were screened for relevance on title and abstract. This was followed by a full-text study quality appraisal of the remaining articles. Finally, a total of 9 trials were included. Results The use of SPECT/CT might objectify some clinical knee osteoarthritis symptoms. It could correlate with findings on plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, there is some evidence SPECT/CT gives additional information compared with these imaging modalities; however, superiority is not proven. The uptake on SPECT could predict the intraoperative macroscopic findings. Yet the clinical relevance remains unclear. Conclusion There is no strong evidence SPECT/CT should play a role in the diagnosing and decision-making processes of knee osteoarthritis. Yet there is evidence suggesting SPECT/CT might give additional information in the diagnosing process. More research would be of added value to answer this research question.
Descriptive bibliometric analysis of global publications in lifestyle-based preventive cardiology
Authors: Manyangu Gloria , Dineen Brendan , Geoghegan Rosemary , Flaherty Gerard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Lifestyle-based preventive cardiology aims to combat the global burden of cardiovascular disease. There have been rapid advances in lifestyle and behavioural interventions aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease in individuals at high risk and in the general population. This study is the first bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of lifestyle-based preventive cardiology.

Methods
Journal articles relating to lifestyle-based preventive cardiology published from 1996 to 2017 were retrieved from the Scopus database. The publications were limited to those in the English language. The data were indexed using bibliometric methodology and exported to Microsoft Excel for analysis. VOS viewer software was used to conduct co-occurrence and collaboration analysis between authors, institutions and countries.

Results
A total of 3300 publications were identified. The annual growth rate of publications increased globally during the study period. The USA made the highest contribution to global publications (1402) and total citation counts (68,540). Harvard Medical School was the most prolific institution and David Wood was the most prolific author in the field. The European Journal of Preventive Cardiology published the largest number of articles in this field. Obesity was the most common theme.

Conclusions
The current growth trends predict a large increase in the number of global publications on lifestyle-based preventive cardiology. Further research could focus on smoking cessation, which at present is under-represented in lifestyle-based preventive cardiology output.
Patient satisfaction with pain relief following major abdominal surgery is influenced by good communication, pain relief and empathic caring: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Mubita Womba Musumadi , Richardson Cliff , Briggs Michelle 
Published: June 2019

Background: Monitoring and improving the quality of care is an ever increasing concern for health care organisations. Measuring the effectiveness of clinical outcomes is done by looking at specific markers of high quality care. Pain management is considered one of the markers of high quality care and satisfaction with pain management is a crucial and important quality assurance marker; yet, we know little about what contributes to a patient’s decision about satisfaction. Methods: A qualitative study drawing on phenomenological approach aiming to evaluate the perspective of patients experiencing post-operative pain. Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were recruited from a Renal Transplant and Urology ward in the North of England, UK. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analysed using Colaizzi’s approach. Results: Ten patients participated in the study and three themes emerged from the analysis. The findings of this study revealed that in order to achieve satisfaction with the management of pain, patient care has to include information delivery which is timely and adequate according to a patient’s individual needs, nurses should have a caring attitude and pain should be well controlled. Conclusion: Satisfaction with pain management is influenced by good communication and information transfer, appropriate pain management and an empathic presence throughout.
Brief cognitive analytic therapy for adults with chronic pain: a preliminary evaluation of treatment outcome
Authors: Baronian Roupen , Leggett Sarah JE 
Published: June 2019

Background: Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) has diversified in its application to a broad range of presenting difficulties and formats and there has been growing interest in its use in clinical health settings including Pain Management Services. Despite its growing popularity, to date, no studies have examined the application of CAT for chronic pain. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of time-limited, individual CAT for adults with chronic pain as delivered in a publicly funded Community Pain Management Service. Methods: This was an observational service evaluation of treatment practice within a routine clinical setting. Participants were 53 adults with chronic pain who completed eight sessions of individual therapy. Individual and group-level outcomes on self-reported distress, pain-related self-efficacy, as well as changes in healthcare utilisation pre- and post-intervention were examined. Results: Large pre–post effects on wellbeing ( d = 1.50) and self-efficacy ( d = 1.13) were observed, while effects on healthcare utilisation were medium to large ( d = 0.67). Moreover, reliable change and clinical significance analyses demonstrated that results were clinically meaningful. The majority of clients (67.9%) showed reliable improvement following the CAT intervention and 28% achieved both reliable and clinically significant improvements in psychological distress. Approximately 4 of 10 clients (43.5%) showed reliably higher perceived self-efficacy at the end of therapy. Conclusion: The results of this evaluation suggest that brief CAT is an encouraging intervention for adults with persistent pain. While preliminary, our findings provide support for a brief approach to persistent pain that focuses not on controlling or eliminating pain but on elucidating and revising unhelpful relational patterns that may impinge upon one’s pain management. Directions for future research are suggested.
Patella alignment abnormality in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Hu Baijun , Sang Lili , Gao Dawei , Wu Yufeng , Zhang Hong , Luo Dianzhong 
Published: June 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) on patella alignment. Methods: The radiographic data of all the patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2015 to July 2017 were reviewed, including the quadriceps angle (QA), patellar lateral tilt (PTA), sulcus angle (SA), lateral shift of patella (LSP), and lower limbs alignment. The patients were divided into three groups in accordance with lateral center-edge angle (LCE) and femoral neck torsion angle (FNTA): group A (LCE > 25° and FNTA < 40°), group B (LCE < 20° and FNTA < 40°), and group C (LCE < 20° and FNTA > 40°). Results: One hundred thirty-eight patients with 230 hips (115 females and 23 males) were recruited with an average age of 22 years. There were significant differences between group A and group C as well as group B and group C in QA, SA, PTA, LSP, and lower limbs alignment ( p < 0.01). There were no differences in SA, PTA, LSP, and lower limbs alignment ( p >0.05) and significant differences in QA ( p < 0.01) between group B and group C. The “Pearson’s” correlation analysis of the data in total of group B and group C showed that FNTA and LCE and QA and LCE were negatively correlated, whereas FNTA and QA, PTA, SA, and lower limbs alignment as well as SA, PTA, and lower limbs alignment were positively correlated. Conclusion: Patients with DDH not only have hip joint change, but also have the patella alignment abnormality, which may lead to patella instability. In the clinic, we should pay attention to the hip development of the patella instability patients for excluding DDH. Level of Evidence: Prognostic level III.
Performance of the PROMIS in Patients Undergoing 3 Common Elbow Procedures
Authors: Rojas Edward O. , Glass Natalie , Owens Jessell , Anthony Chris A. , Bollier Matthew , Wolf Brian R. , Hettrich Carolyn 
Published: June 2019

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, distal biceps tendon repair, and elbow arthroscopic surgery are common elbow procedures performed in active patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized (1) good to excellent correlation between Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments and traditional orthopaedic upper extremity patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures; (2) that PROMIS instruments would demonstrate ceiling effects; and (3) that the PROMIS physical function computer adaptive test (PF CAT) would demonstrate a low question burden compared with other PRO instruments. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 76 patients undergoing UCL repair/reconstruction, distal biceps tendon repair, or elbow arthroscopic surgery filled out the Short Form–36 Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Function subscale, EuroQol–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire, PROMIS PF CAT, and PROMIS upper extremity item bank (UE). Excellent correlation between PROs was defined as ≥.70. Results: The PROMIS PF CAT had excellent correlation with the SF-36 ( r = 0.74; P < .0001), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) survey ( r = –0.76; P < .0001), and PROMIS UE ( r = 0.73; P < .0001). The PROMIS UE demonstrated excellent correlation with the SF-36 ( r = 0.73; P < .0001) and DASH survey ( r = –0.81; P < .0001). The PROMIS UE had ceiling effects in 33% of patients. The SF-36 showed ceiling effects in 20% of patients. On average, patients answered 5.1 ± 2.2 questions on the PROMIS PF CAT. Conclusion: The PROMIS PF CAT and PROMIS UE are valid in patients undergoing distal biceps tendon repair, elbow arthroscopic surgery, and UCL repair. The PROMIS UE demonstrated high ceiling effects in younger, higher functioning patients and should be used with caution in this group. A further evaluation and modification of the PROMIS UE in younger, high-functioning patients are warranted. Finally, the PROMIS PF CAT exhibited a low question burden relative to traditional PRO instruments without the loss of reliability.
Clinical development of triple-combination CFTR modulators for cystic fibrosis patients with one or twoF508delalleles
Authors: Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L. , Mall Marcus A. , Ramsey Bonnie W. , McKone Edward F. , Tullis Elizabeth , Marigowda Gautham , McKee Charlotte M. , Waltz David , Moskowitz Samuel M. , Savage Jessica , Xuan Fengjuan , Rowe Steven M. 
Published: June 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) that result in diminished quantity and/or function of the CFTR anion channel.F508del-CFTR, the most common CF-causing mutation (found in ∼90% of patients), causes severe processing and trafficking defects, resulting in decreased CFTR quantity and function. CFTR modulators are medications that increase the amount of mature CFTR protein (correctors) or enhance channel function (potentiators) at the cell surface.Combinations of CFTR correctors and potentiators (i.e.lumacaftor/ivacaftor, tezacaftor/ivacaftor) have demonstrated clinical benefit in subsets of patients. However, none are approved for patients with CF heterozygous forF508del-CFTR and a minimal function mutation,i.e.a mutation that produces either no protein or protein that is unresponsive to currently approved CFTR modulators. Next-generation CFTR correctors VX-659 and VX-445, each in triple combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor, improve CFTR processing, trafficking and functionin vitroand have demonstrated clinical improvements in phase 2 studies in patients with CF with one or twoF508del-CFTRalleles.Here, we present the rationale and design of four randomised phase 3 studies, and their open-label extensions, evaluating VX-659 (ECLIPSE) or VX-445 (AURORA) plus tezacaftor and ivacaftor in patients with one or twoF508del-CFTRalleles.
Review of “Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek” by Wouter De Nooy, Andrej Mrvar and Vladimir Batageli
Authors: Niazi Muaz A. , Vasilakos Athanasios , Temkin Anatoly 
Published: June 2019

Book detailsDe Nooy W., Mrvar A., and Batagelj V.Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek3rd (Expanded) EditionCambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2018.334 pages, ISBN 978-1-108-56569-1
Pharmacokinetics and Sedative Effects of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in Ambulatory Pediatric Patients
Authors: Uusalo Panu , Guillaume Samuel , Siren Saija , Manner Tuula , Vilo Sanna , Scheinin Mika , Saari Teijo I. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:
Our aim was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of intranasally (IN) administered dexmedetomidine used as an adjuvant in pediatric patients scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requiring sedation.

METHODS:
This was an open-label, single-period study without randomization. Pediatric patients from 5 months to 11 years of age scheduled for MRI and receiving IN dexmedetomidine for premedication as part of their care were included in this clinical trial. Single doses of 2–3 µg·kg−1 of dexmedetomidine were applied IN approximately 1 hour before MRI. Five or 6 venous blood samples were collected over 4 hours for dexmedetomidine concentration analysis. Sedation was monitored with Comfort-B scores, and vital signs were recorded. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated with noncompartmental methods and compared between 3 age groups (between 1 and 24 months, from 24 months to 6 years, and over 6–11 years).

RESULTS:
We evaluated 187 consecutive patients for suitability, of which 132 were excluded. Remaining 55 patients were recruited, of which 5 were excluded before the analysis. Data from 50 patients were analyzed. The average (standard deviation [SD]) dose-corrected peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.011 liter−1 (0.0051), and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to reach peak concentration (t
max) was 37 minutes (30–45 minutes). There was negative correlation with Cmax versus age (r = −0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.74 to −0.37; P < .001), but not with t
max (r = −0.14; 95% CI, 0.14–0.39; P = .35). Dose-corrected areas under the concentration–time curve were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.53; 95% CI, 0.70 to −0.29; P < .001). Median (IQR) maximal reduction in Comfort-B sedation scores was 8 (6–9), which was achieved 45 minutes (40–48 minutes) after dosing. Median (IQR) decrease in heart rate was 15% (9%–23%) from the baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dexmedetomidine is relatively rapidly absorbed after IN administration and provides clinically meaningful but short-lasting sedation in pediatric patients.
Morphological and functional correlates of vestibular synaptic deafferentation and repair in a mouse model of acute-onset vertigo
Authors: Cassel Raphaelle , Bordiga Pierrick , Carcaud Julie , Simon François , Beraneck Mathieu , Le Gall Anne , Benoit Anne , Bouet Valentine , Philoxene Bruno , Besnard Stéphane , Watabe Isabelle , Pericat David , Hautefort Charlotte , Assie Axel , Tonetto Alain , Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen Jonas , Llorens Jordi , Tighilet Brahim , Chabbert Christian 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Damage to cochlear primary afferent synapses has been shown to be a key factor in various auditory pathologies. Similarly, the selective lesioning of primary vestibular synapses might be an underlying cause of peripheral vestibulopathies that cause vertigo and dizziness, for which the pathophysiology is currently unknown. To thoroughly address this possibility, we selectively damaged the synaptic contacts between hair cells and primary vestibular neurons in mice through the transtympanic administration of a glutamate receptor agonist. Using a combination of histological and functional approaches, we demonstrated four key findings: (1) selective synaptic deafferentation is sufficient to generate acute vestibular syndrome with characteristics similar to those reported in patients; (2) the reduction of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and posturo-locomotor deficits mainly depends on spared synapses; (3) damaged primary vestibular synapses can be repaired over the days and weeks following deafferentation; and (4) the synaptic repair process occurs through the re-expression and re-pairing of synaptic proteins such as CtBP2 and SHANK-1. Primary synapse repair might contribute to re-establishing the initial sensory network. Deciphering the molecular mechanism that supports synaptic repair could offer a therapeutic opportunity to rescue full vestibular input and restore gait and balance in patients.