bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respective and Combined Impacts of Regional SST Anomalies on Tropical Cyclogenesis in Different Sectors of the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wu Renguang , Yang Yiya , Cao Xi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the interannual variations in the tropical cyclone (TC) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and the influences of regional sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are documented by separating the WNP into four quadrants considering nonuniform SST‐induced environmental changes. Our analysis shows that the TC variations in the northwest and southeast quadrants are related to both equatorial central‐eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) SST anomalies. The TC variation in the northeast quadrant is mainly related to tropical North Atlantic Ocean SST anomalies. The main environmental variables differ for the TC variations in the four quadrants. Lower‐level (850‐hPa) vorticity is important for the TC variations in the northwest, southwest, and southeast quadrants. Midlevel (700‐hPa) humidity contributes to the TC variations in the northwest, northeast, and southeast quadrants. The vertical shear has a supplementary contribution to the TC variation in the southeast quadrant. The potential intensity (PI) negatively affects the TC variations in the southwest and southeast quadrants. The remote SST anomalies modulate different environmental variables over the WNP. The TIO SST influence is manifested in the lower‐level vorticity and vertical motion. The tropical North Atlantic SST impact occurs through the lower‐level vorticity change. The EPO SST effect occurs via changing the lower‐level vorticity and vertical motion as well as the midlevel moisture and vertical shear. The environmental variables experience more prominent changes when SST anomalies coexist in two remote regions. Numerical experiments confirm the EPO and TIO SST anomaly impacts on the environmental conditions affecting the WNP TC variations.
Ovda Fluctus, the Festoon Lava Flow on Ovda Regio, Venus: Not Silica‐Rich
Authors: Wroblewski Frank B. , Treiman Allan H. , Bhiravarasu Sriram , Gregg Tracy K. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOvda Fluctus (6.1°S, 95.5°E) is a lava flow complex on the equatorial tessera highlands of Ovda Regio, Venus. We examined its morphology and geologic setting to determine if its apparent emplacement rheology is consistent with silica‐rich (e.g., rhyolitic) lava; this has significant implications for the compositions of Venus's tesserae. Using Magellan radar data, we find that the radar properties (emissivity, roughness, and backscatter) of Ovda Fluctus are similar to those of the surrounding tessera, although the flow is smoother at multiple scales. Ovda Fluctus is a “festoon flow complex,” whose surface is rumpled into arcuate folds. The flow includes multiple flow lobes and at least two distinct flow units. The flow complex includes a portion at high altitude (~5 km above mean planetary radius) that has low radar backscatter and high radar emissivity compared with lower‐altitude portions of the complex. The high‐altitude region of Ovda Fluctus is continuous with the lower‐elevation portions: the change in radar properties does not represent different flows. Outlines of Ovda Fluctus flow lobes have fractal dimensions consistent with basaltic pahoehoe lavas. The margin of Ovda Fluctus is at significantly higher elevation than its center, a characteristic seen in basalt flows on Earth, but not on more silica‐rich flows. Thus, the available evidence suggests that Ovda Fluctus had an emplacement rheology consistent with a basaltic composition; this result provides no support for hypotheses that Ovda Regio (a highlands tessera terrain) is composed of granitic rock.
Ongoing Increase in Eastern Tropical North Pacific Denitrification as Interpreted Through the Santa Barbara Basin Sedimentary δ15N Record
Authors: Davis C. V. , Ontiveros‐Cuadras J. F. , Benitez‐Nelson C. , Schmittner A. , Tappa E. J. , Osborne E. , Thunell R. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDecades of observations show that the world's oceans have been losing oxygen, with far‐reaching consequences for ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. To reconstruct oxygenation beyond the limited scope of instrumental records, proxy records are needed, such as sedimentary δ15N. We combine two δ15N records from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), a 24‐year‐long, biweekly sediment trap time series, and a 114‐year, high‐resolution sediment core together spanning the years 1892–2017. These records allow for the examination of δ15N variability on seasonal to centennial timescales. Seasonal variability in SBB δ15N is consistent in timing with the poleward advection of a high δ15N signal from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in the summer and fall. Strong El Niño events result in variable δ15N signatures, reflective of local rainfall, and neither the Pacific Decadal Oscillation nor North Pacific Gyre Oscillation impose strong controls on bulk sedimentary δ15N. Seasonal and interannual variability in sediment trap δ13Corg is consistent with local productivity as a driver; however, this signal is not retained in the sediment core. The time series from the sediment trap and core show that bulk sedimentary δ15N in SBB has now exceeded that measured for the past 2,000 years. We hypothesize that the change in δ15N reflects the increasing influence of denitrified waters from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific and ongoing deoxygenation of the Eastern Pacific. When juxtaposed with other regional δ15N records our results further suggest that SBB is uniquely situated to record long‐term change in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific.
Quantification of African Monsoon Runoff During Last Interglacial Sapropel S5
Authors: Amies Jessica D. , Rohling Eelco J. , Grant Katharine M. , Rodríguez‐Sanz Laura , Marino Gianluca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganic‐rich sapropel layers punctuate the eastern Mediterranean sedimentary sequence, recording deep‐sea anoxic events. The timing of sapropel deposition coincides with precession minima, which are associated with the northward migration of the monsoon rain belt over North Africa. The resultant increase in monsoon precipitation over the Sahara caused an increase in low‐δ18O freshwater runoff into eastern Mediterranean surface waters, which is reflected by negative δ18O anomalies in the records of planktic foraminiferal calcite. However, despite extensive research on sapropels, the magnitude of monsoon intensification and freshwater runoff, along with its influence on δ18O, remains elusive. Here, we present a quantification of African monsoon freshwater runoff into the eastern Mediterranean for the period of deposition of last interglacial sapropel S5 (~128.3–121.5 ka). Our method uses a box model of the Mediterranean Sea, which represents different water masses, and has been calibrated using δ18O from planktic foraminiferal species of different depth and seasonal habitats. The model was constrained with existing records of sea level and sea surface temperature then inverted to deconvolve the δ18O signal of the surface‐dwelling foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber (w) and calculate the freshwater runoff volume. Our calculated African monsoon runoff suggests large increases in freshwater discharge to the eastern Mediterranean (up to ~8.8 times the modern pre‐Aswan Nile discharge). Rapid onset of S5 deposition following the estimated increase in runoff strongly suggests a preconditioning of the eastern Mediterranean for sapropel deposition. Our study also provides insight into the stratification and warming of eastern Mediterranean surface waters during the S5 interval.
Diurnal rhythms in gene expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia
Authors: Seney Marianne L. , Cahill Kelly , Enwright John F. , Logan Ryan W. , Huo Zhiguang , Zong Wei , Tseng George , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is associated with disrupted cognitive control and sleep-wake cycles. Here we identify diurnal rhythms in gene expression in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), in schizophrenia and control subjects. We find significant diurnal (24 h) rhythms in control subjects, however, most of these transcripts are not rhythmic in subjects with schizophrenia. Instead, subjects with schizophrenia have a different set of rhythmic transcripts. The top pathways identified in transcripts rhythmic only in subjects with schizophrenia are associated with mitochondrial function. Importantly, these rhythms drive differential expression patterns of these and several other genes that have long been implicated in schizophrenia (including BDNF and GABAergic-related transcripts). Indeed, differential expression of these transcripts is only seen in subjects that died during the night, with no change in subjects that died during the day. These data provide insights into a potential mechanism that underlies changes in gene expression in the dlPFC with schizophrenia.
The new-generation selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor DS-6051b overcomes crizotinib resistant ROS1-G2032R mutation in preclinical models
Authors: Katayama Ryohei , Gong Bo , Togashi Noriko , Miyamoto Masaya , Kiga Masaki , Iwasaki Shiho , Kamai Yasuki , Tominaga Yuichi , Takeda Yasuyuki , Kagoshima Yoshiko , Shimizu Yuki , Seto Yosuke , Oh-hara Tomoko , Koike Sumie , Nakao Naoki , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Watanabe Kengo , Yoda Satoshi , Yanagitani Noriko , Hata Aaron N. , Shaw Alice T. , Nishio Makoto , Fujita Naoya , Isoyama Takeshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractROS1 gene rearrangement was observed in around 1–2 % of NSCLC patients and in several other cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma, glioblastoma, or colorectal cancer. Crizotinib, an ALK/ROS1/MET inhibitor, is highly effective against ROS1-rearranged lung cancer and is used in clinic. However, crizotinib resistance is an emerging issue, and several resistance mechanisms, such as secondary kinase-domain mutations (e.g., ROS1-G2032R) have been identified in crizotinib-refractory patients. Here we characterize a new selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor, DS-6051b, in preclinical models of ROS1- or NTRK-rearranged cancers. DS-6051b induces dramatic growth inhibition of both wild type and G2032R mutant ROS1–rearranged cancers or NTRK-rearranged cancers in vitro and in vivo. Here we report that DS-6051b is effective in treating ROS1- or NTRK-rearranged cancer in preclinical models, including crizotinib-resistant ROS1 positive cancer with secondary kinase domain mutations especially G2032R mutation which is highly resistant to crizotinib as well as lorlatinib and entrectinib, next generation ROS1 inhibitors.
Plasticity without dislocations in a polycrystalline intermetallic
Authors: Luo Hubin , Sheng Hongwei , Zhang Hongliang , Wang Fengqing , Fan Jinkui , Du Juan , Ping Liu J. , Szlufarska Izabela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDislocation activity is critical to ductility and the mechanical strength of metals. Dislocations are the primary drivers of plastic deformation, and their interactions with each other and with other microstructural features such as grain boundaries (GBs) lead to strengthening of metals. In general, suppressing dislocation activity leads to brittleness of polycrystalline materials. Here, we find an intermetallic that can accommodate large plastic strain without the help of dislocations. For small grain sizes, the primary deformation mechanism is GB sliding, whereas for larger grain sizes the material deforms by direct amorphization along shear planes. The unusual deformation mechanisms lead to the absence of traditional Hall-Petch (HP) relation commonly observed in metals and to an extended regime of strength weakening with grain refinement, referred to as the inverse HP relation. The results are first predicted in simulations and then confirmed experimentally.
Transition metal-free phosphonocarboxylation of alkenes with carbon dioxide via visible-light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Fu Qiang , Bo Zhi-Yu , Ye Jian-Heng , Ju Tao , Huang He , Liao Li-Li , Yu Da-Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCatalytic difunctionalization of alkenes has been an ideal strategy to generate structurally complex molecules with diverse substitution patterns. Although both phosphonyl and carboxyl groups are valuable functional groups, the simultaneous incorporation of them via catalytic difunctionalization of alkenes, ideally from abundant, inexpensive and easy-to-handle raw materials, has not been realized. Herein, we report the phosphonocarboxylation of alkenes with CO2via visible-light photoredox catalysis. This strategy is sustainable, general and practical, providing facile access to important β-phosphono carboxylic acids, including structurally complex unnatural α-amino acids. Diverse alkenes, including enamides, styrenes, enolsilanes and acrylates, undergo such reactions efficiently under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, this method represents a rare example of redox-neutral difunctionalization of alkenes with H-P(O) compounds, including diaryl- and dialkyl- phosphine oxides and phosphites. Importantly, these transition-metal-free reactions also feature low catalyst loading, high regio- and chemo-selectivities, good functional group tolerance, easy scalability and potential for product derivatization.
Protein determinants of dissemination and host specificity of metallo-β-lactamases
Authors: López Carolina , Ayala Juan A. , Bonomo Robert A. , González Lisandro J. , Vila Alejandro J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe worldwide dissemination of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), mediating resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, is a major public health problem. The extent of dissemination of MBLs such as VIM-2, SPM-1 and NDM among Gram-negative pathogens cannot be explained solely based on the associated mobile genetic elements or the resistance phenotype. Here, we report that MBL host range is determined by the impact of MBL expression on bacterial fitness. The signal peptide sequence of MBLs dictates their adaptability to each host. In uncommon hosts, inefficient processing of MBLs leads to accumulation of toxic intermediates that compromises bacterial growth. This fitness cost explains the exclusion of VIM-2 and SPM-1 from Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, and their confinement to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By contrast, NDMs are expressed without any apparent fitness cost in different bacteria, and are secreted into outer membrane vesicles. We propose that the successful dissemination and adaptation of MBLs to different bacterial hosts depend on protein determinants that enable host adaptability and carbapenem resistance.
MOD-LSP, MODIS-based parameters for hydrologic modeling of North American land cover change
Authors: Bohn Theodore J. , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEarth systems models require gridded land surface properties to compute fluxes of water, energy, and carbon within the landscape and to the atmosphere. However, most parameter sets contain time-invariant properties despite their known variability. Here we present new MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based land surface parameters (MOD-LSP) formatted for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model that account for seasonal and interannual variability and longer-term change over the continental United States, Mexico, and southern Canada at 0.0625° spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. MOD-LSP improves over previously-available parameter sets via: (1) land cover maps of higher native spatial resolution; (2) multiple versions corresponding to the land cover of years 1992, 2001, and 2011; (3) spatially-explicit mean annual cycles of land surface properties, including leaf area index, canopy fraction, and albedo, derived from 17 years of observations; and (4) additional 17-year time series of these properties. The MOD-LSP parameters are useful as inputs to the VIC model, as an example land surface scheme, to assess the hydrologic impacts of land cover change from interannual to decadal scales; and as stand-alone datasets characterizing the temporal variability of these properties as a function of land cover class.
Intelligent Metal-Phenolic Metallogels as Dressings for Infected Wounds
Authors: Anh Ha Thi Phuong , Huang Chun-Ming , Huang Chun-Jen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report a metallogel developed based on metal-phenolic coordination of natural low-cost polyphenolic molecule and metal ions. Gelation occurs by mixing tannic acid (TA) and group (IV) titanium ions (TiIV) to form TA-TiIV gel. The TA-TiIV gel exhibits good capability to incorporate diverse metal ions by in situ co-gelation. Herein, five antimicrobial metal ions, i.e. ferric (FeIII), copper (CuII), zinc (ZnII), cobalt (CoII) and nickel (NiII) ions, were employed to include in TA-TiIV gels for developing intelligent dressings for infected wounds. The chemical and coordinative structures of TA-TiIV metallogels were characterized by UV-Vis and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. Cytotoxicity of antimicrobial metallogels was explored by MTT assay with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The release of metal ions was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), indicating the different releasing profiles upon the coordinative interactions of metal ions with TA. The formation and disassembly of metallogels are sensitive to the presence of acid and an oxidizer, H2O2, which are substances spontaneously generated in infected wounds due to the metabolic activity of bacteria and the intrinsic immune response. The CuII releasing rates of TA-TiIV-CuII metallogels at different pH values of 5.5, 7.4 and 8.5 have been studied. In addition, addition of H2O2 trigger fast release of CuII as a result of oxidation of galloyl groups in TA. Consequently, the antimicrobial potency of TA-TiIV-CuII metallogels can be simultaneously activated while the wounds are infected and healing. The antimicrobial property of metallogels against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) and Staphylococcus epidermidis has been investigated by agar diffusion test. In an animal model, the TA-TiIV-CuII metallogels were applied as dressings for infected wounds, indicating faster recovery in the wound area and extremely lower amount of bacteria around the wounds, compared to TA-TiIV gels and gauze. Accordingly, the intelligent nature derived metallogels is a promising and potential materials for medical applications.
Extracellular vesicles secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in cell wall remodelling
Authors: Zhao Kening , Bleackley Mark , Chisanga David , Gangoda Lahiru , Fonseka Pamali , Liem Michael , Kalra Hina , Al Saffar Haidar , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Ang Ching-Seng , Adda Christopher G. , Jiang Lanzhou , Yap Kuok , Poon Ivan K. , Lock Peter , Bulone Vincent , Anderson Marilyn , Mathivanan Suresh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles that are released by cells. In this study, the role of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery in the biogenesis of yeast EVs was examined. Knockout of components of the ESCRT machinery altered the morphology and size of EVs as well as decreased the abundance of EVs. In contrast, strains with deletions in cell wall biosynthesis genes, produced more EVs than wildtype. Proteomic analysis highlighted the depletion of ESCRT components and enrichment of cell wall remodelling enzymes, glucan synthase subunit Fks1 and chitin synthase Chs3, in yeast EVs. Interestingly, EVs containing Fks1 and Chs3 rescued the yeast cells from antifungal molecules. However, EVs from fks1∆ or chs3∆ or the vps23∆chs3∆ double knockout strain were unable to rescue the yeast cells as compared to vps23∆ EVs. Overall, we have identified a potential role for yeast EVs in cell wall remodelling.
Carboxylic acid induced near-surface restructuring of a magnetite surface
Authors: Arndt Björn , Sellschopp Kai , Creutzburg Marcus , Grånäs Elin , Krausert Konstantin , Vonk Vedran , Müller Stefan , Noei Heshmat , Feldbauer Gregor B. V. , Stierle Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA fundamental knowledge of the interaction of carboxylic acids, such as formic acid, with magnetite surfaces is of prime importance for heterogeneous catalysis and the synthesis of novel materials. Despite this, little is known about the atomic scale adsorption mechanisms. Here we show by in-situ surface X-ray diffraction that the oxygen rich subsurface cation vacancy reconstruction of the clean magnetite (001) surface is lifted by dissociative formic acid adsorption, reestablishing a surface with bulk stoichiometry. Using density functional theory, the bulk terminated, fully formic acid covered surface is calculated to be more stable than the corresponding clean, reconstructed surface. A comparison of calculated and experimental infrared bands supports the bidentate adsorption geometry and a specific adsorption site. Our results pave the way for a fundamental understanding of the bonding mechanism at carboxylic acid/oxide interfaces.
Early Language Interventions for Young Dual Language Learners: A Scoping Review
Authors: Guiberson Mark , Ferris Kyliah Petrita 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The aim of this article was to provide a systematic scoping review of the literature describing early language interventions for young children who are dual language learners, including children with early language deficits.

Method

The search conducted yielded a total of 27 sources describing 70 language strategies or procedures for dual language learners from 9 months of age to 3 years 11 months of age. The majority of sources were recommended practices (
n
= 12) followed by descriptive studies (
n
= 7). There were a total of 6 intervention studies and 5 research review studies.

Results
Strategies were collated and categorized into 5 major types: general approach, caregiver based, interaction based, language strategies, and early literacy strategies.

Conclusion
A preliminary evidence map was created to chart each strategy and sources that included the strategy and to indicate the highest strength of recommendation observed across sources. A discussion of compelling and promising strategies is presented.
Low‐loss broadband (DC to 220 GHz) S‐CPW to S‐CPS transition for S‐CPS coplanar probing
Authors: Saadi A.A. , Margalef‐Rovira M. , Vincent L. , Lepilliet S. , Gaquiere C. , Ferrari P. 
Published: August 2019

The practical issue of probing coplanar stripline (CPS) structures is addressed in this Letter. A compact slow‐wave coplanar waveguide (S‐CPW) to slow‐wave CPS (S‐CPS) transition was designed and fabricated in a 55 nm BiCMOS process of STMicroelectronics. The signal strips of the slow‐wave CPW and slow‐wave CPS have been directly connected while the ground strips have been tied together through combination of transmission lines laid out on the top metal layer of the back‐end‐of‐line of the technology. Thanks to its flexibility, the proposed transition can be resized to match with a wide range of slow‐wave CPS slot. Tested from DC to 220 GHz, the back‐to‐back transition structure showed insertion loss lower than 1.4 dB and return loss better than 15 dB, respectively. To the best of author's knowledge, it is the first integrated slow‐wave CPW/CPS transition introduced within the mentioned mm‐wave band.