bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of residual chlorine in swimming pool water and determination of chlorine consumption for maintaining hygienic safety of bathers with a simple mass balance model
Authors: Berg Alvyn P. , Fang Ting-An , Tang Hao L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Trial-and-error chlorination as a conventional practice for swimming pool water disinfection may fail to consistently maintain the pool's residual chlorine within regulatory limits. This study explored the variability of residual chlorine and other common water quality parameters of two sample swimming pools and examined the potential of using a mass balance model for proactive determination of chlorine consumption to better secure the hygienic safety of bathers. A lightly loaded Pool 1 with a normalized bather load of 0.038 bather/m3/day and a heavily loaded Pool 2 with a normalized bather load of 0.36 bather/m3/day showed great variances in residual free and combined chlorine control by trial-and-error methods due to dynamic pool uses. A mass balance model based on chemical and physical chlorine consumption mechanisms was found to be statistically valid using field data obtained from Pool 1. The chlorine consumption per capita coefficient was determined to be 4120 mg/bather. The predictive method based on chlorine demand has a potential to be used as a complementary approach to the existing trial-and-error chlorination practices for swimming pool water disinfection. The research is useful for pool maintenance to proactively determine the required chlorine dosage for compliance of pool regulations.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Role of Polymers in 3D Printing Technology for Drug Delivery - An Overview
Authors: Jain Ankit , Bansal Kuldeep K. , Tiwari Ankita , Rosling Ari , Rosenholm Jessica M. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
3D printing (3DP) is an emerging technique for fabrication of a variety of structures and
complex geometries using 3D model data. In 1986, Charles Hull introduced stereolithography technique that took
advances to beget new methods of 3D printing such as powder bed fusion, fused deposition modeling (FDM),
inkjet printing, and contour crafting (CC). Being advantageous in terms of less waste, freedom of design and
automation, 3DP has been evolved to minimize incurred cost for bulk production of customized products at the
industrial outset. Due to these reasons, 3DP technology has acquired a significant position in pharmaceutical
industries. Numerous polymers have been explored for manufacturing of 3DP based drug delivery systems for
patient-customized medication with miniaturized dosage forms.

Method:
Published research articles on 3D printed based drug delivery have been thoroughly studied and the
polymers used in those studies are summarized in this article.

Results:
We have discussed the polymers utilized to fabricate 3DP systems including their processing considerations,
and challenges in fabrication of high throughput 3DP based drug delivery systems.

Conclusion:
Despite several advantages of 3DP in drug delivery, there are still a few issues that need to be addressed
such as lower mechanical properties and anisotropic behavior, which are obstacles to scale up the technology.
Polymers as a building material certainly plays crucial role in the final property of the dosage form. It is
an effort to bring an assemblage of critical aspects for scientists engaged in 3DP technology to create flexible,
complex and personalized dosage forms.
EH-42: A Novel Small Molecule Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatoma Cells through Suppressing STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gong Qi-Zhe , Xiao Di , Gong Gui-Yi , Xu Jian , Wen Xiao-Dong , Feng Feng , Qu Wei 
Published: December 2018

Background:Since signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays a key role in this tumor progression. Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway has been considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for suppressing HCC development.Objective:In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of EH-42 on HCC cells and tried to explain the underlying mechanism.Methods:MTT assay, colon formation assay and AnnexinV-FITC/PI double-staining assay were performed to assess the effects of EH-42 on cell growth and survival. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were performed to assess the effects of EH-42 on cell migration and invasion. Western blotting assay was performed to analyze the effects of EH-42 on relative proteins.Results:According to the MTT assay, colon formation assay and AnnexinV-FITC/PI doublestaining assay, EH-42 could suppress the growth and induce apoptosis of HCC cells in a dosedependent manner. Further western blotting assay showed that the inhibitory effects of EH-42 on cell growth and survival were caused by activating caspase 3/9, suppressing the phospho-STAT3 (Tyr 705) and downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. Moreover, migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells were also inhibited by EH-42 in the wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. The potential mechanism was that EH-42 could inhibit HCC metastasis via reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and downregulating the secretion of MMPs.Conclusion:Taken together, these findings suggested that EH-42 could be a potential therapeutic agent for HCC treatment.
Application of Topological Descriptors in QSAR Modeling: Substituted Hydrazones Used As a Model System
Authors: Dimova Vesna , Jankulovska Mirjana Stojan 
Published: December 2018

Background:
QSAR study of p-substituted aromatic hydrazones was performed to
estimate the quantitative effects of selected topological descriptors on their antimicrobial activity.
None of the hydrazones inhibited the growth of the Aspergillus spp., while the data obtained with
regard to the antifungal activity of the compounds against Candida utilis were insufficient to develop
reliable statistical QSAR models. Therefore, the investigation was focused on developing QSAR
models for predicting the antibacterial activity of the compounds against Bacillus subtilis.

Methods:
A set of substituted hydrazones were tested for their in vitro growth inhibitory activity
against Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger and the diameter of the inhibition zone
(mm) was measured. The inhibitory activity data, determined in μg/mL, were transformed to the
negative logarithms of molar MICs (log1/CMIC). Using Marvinsketch software package, 28
topological descriptors were calculated. Statistical parameters, such as R2, Sd, F-test, R2
adj, Q, SPRESS,
PSE and Q2, were used to test the quality of the developed two-, three-, four-parametric and higher
QSAR models.

Results and Conclusion:
Statistical evaluation of the data used to test the quality of the obtained
QSAR models indicated that the two-parametric model involving the descriptors Atom Count (AC)
and Maximal Projection Area (MAPA) was statistically significant when all the statistical parameters
were summarized. The two parameters, AC and MAPA, had opposite input in modeling the
antimicrobial activity of the selected hydrazones against Bacillus subtilis.
The Possibility of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Most Important Interactions in Nursing Homes
Authors: Schjøtt Pernille , Šutovská Martina , Schjøtt Jan 
Published: December 2018

Background:Therapeutic drug monitoring is a relevant tool in drug treatment of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of therapeutic drug monitoring of the most important potential interactions in nursing homes.Methods:A material of prescribed drugs to 446 patients in three nursing homes in Bergen, Norway from a single day in March 2016 was analysed. Clinically relevant drug interactions (pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic) were identified and classified with Stockley`s Interaction Alerts. The most important interaction among several in each patient were ranked by recommended action > severity > evidence according to Stockley`s. The possibility of therapeutic drug monitoring of drug combinations involved in the most important interactions was retrieved from a database of all laboratories performing clinical pharmacology in Norway (the Pharmacology Portal).Results:Two or more drugs were used by 443 (99.3%) of 446 patients. Three-hundred and eightyfour patients (86.1%) had > 1 interaction. About 95% of the most important interactions were pharmacodynamic. In 280 (72.9%) of these interactions, Stockley`s recommended adjust dose or monitoring. Among the 384 most important interactions, 93% involved one drug and 41% involved two drugs available for therapeutic drug monitoring.Conclusion:In this pilot study, therapeutic drug monitoring was possible in the majority of the most important interactions in Norwegian nursing homes. This option is of importance since adjust dose or monitoring were frequently recommended actions associated with these interactions.
Metformin and Pregnancy Outcomes: Evidence Gaps and Unanswered Questions
Authors: Gonzalez Claudio D. , Alvariñas Jorge , Bagnes Maria F.G. , Di Girolamo Guillermo 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Metformin is sometimes used as an alternative to insulin in gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is also used to achieve ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Pre-natal exposure to metformin results from its continuation after a successful ovulation in women
with PCOS, its maintenance in women with pre-gestational diabetes or the installation of metformin
in GDM. Little is known about the potential consequences of metformin exposure on pregnancy
outcomes and offspring development. The aim of this review is to summarize the metformin effects
on pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. Gaps in the available evidence and unanswered
questions are also discussed.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify eligible studies from
MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and SCIELO databases through 1995 first semester.

Results:
Several factors limit the effect of metformin on embryos. In contrast, placental transport of
metformin is effective allowing for a higher fetal exposure; the impact of this finding remains
unclear. It seems that the interruption of metformin after a pregnancy diagnosis in women with
PCOS is not associated with a higher miscarriage risk and it continuation does not seem to impair
the maternal metabolic prognosis or prevent emerging GDM.

Conclusions:
It seems to have no sense to prolong the use of metformin after a pregnancy diagnosis
in women with PCOS. Patients with GDM may be treated with metformin under on judicious basis,
and a careful attachment to clinical guidelines and regulations is recommended. The long-term
effects of pre-natal exposure to metformin on the offspring remain uncertain.
Mazabraud's Syndrome: A Case Report and Up-To-Date Literature Review
Authors: Vescini Fabio , Falchetti Alberto , Tonelli Veronica , Carpentieri Maria , Cipri Claudia , Cosso Roberta , Kara Elda , Triggiani Vincenzo , Grimaldi Franco 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
Mazabraud's syndrome is a rare form of bone fibrous dysplasia associated with
intramuscular myxomas. Fibrous dysplasia, is generally localized to pelvis and femur and it results in a
fragile bone with deformities, pain, pathological fractures and functional impairment. Intramuscular
myxomas, are rare benign mesenchymal neoplasms that exceptionally may evolve to malignant forms.

Methods:
This case report describes a 66-year-old woman with Mazabraud’s Syndrome (MS), characterized
both by monostotic right femur fibrous dysplasia and by a solitary intramuscular myxoma at the
right quadriceps muscle, that underwent a long-term treatment (4 years) with intravenous zoledronic
acid.

Results:
Zoledronic acid therapy rapidly lowered bone pain together with a reduction of intramuscular
myxoma volume, but did not affect the extension of fibrous dysplasia. No adverse effects have been
observed during treatment.

Conclusion:
Highly active bisphosphonates are commonly used for the treatment of bone metabolic
disorders and they are generally well tolerated. Zoledronic acid may represent a promising alternative
to surgical intervention in MS, although its use in rare form of bone fibrous dysplasias is still controversial.
A Modified QuEChERS Extraction and LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii)
Authors: Arimboor Ranjith , Menon Karunkara Ramakrishna , Babu Natarajan Ramesh , Chandran Haneesh 
Published: December 2018

Background:Increased consumer demand for curry leaves free from pesticides demands fast and reliable analytical methods for the analysis of pesticide residues.Objective:The optimization of a QuEChERS based sample preparation technique with improved analytical accuracy by removing interfering matrix components for LC-MS/MS analysis of pesticide residues from curry leaves.Methods:A modified QuEChERS solid phase extraction method was developed and validated for the analysis of 26 pesticides in fresh and dried curry leaves. The effects of the sample preparation steps and column retention time on the matrix suppression of analyte ions were also evaluated.Results:Validation parameters were found within an acceptable range. The matrix effect evaluation studies showed that the QuEChERS sample preparation was able to minimize the ion suppression of analytes due to co-eluting matrix of components and that a d-SPE clean up step had major role in reducing matrix effect. The gradient mobile phase with longer retention time for analytes resulted in comparatively lesser matrix effects than the isocratic mobile phase of non-polar nature. Even after the clean up, a considerable number of compounds had more than 20% reduction in their MS response in the gradient mobile phase.Conclusion:This study emphasized the need of proper sample clean up before a LC-MS/MS analysis and the usage of matrix matched standards and mobile phase that ultimately results in an appropriate analyte separation in reasonable retention times.
THE EFFECT OF ACUPRESSURE WRISTBAND ON NAUSEA VOMITING IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Fatma Endah Panca 
Published: December 2018

Chemotherapy is one of the therapies for cancer patients that cause some side effects, one of them is nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are still felt by patients even though they take antiemetics. Nausea dan vomiting can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance. The aim of this study was to analysis the effect of combination acupressure wristband and antiemetic among chemotherapy induced nausea vomiting (CINV) on breast cancer patients. This research used quasi experimental research method, with a pre-post test with the control group. The sampling techniques was consecutive sampling with 25 respondents both in intervention group and control group. In the intervention group had received an acupressure wristband. CINV measured on the second day until fourth day after chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting score were measured twice a day by a telemonitoring methode by Rhodes Index Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR) questionaire. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney. The result of this study showed that acupressure wristband significantly reduce the chemotherapy induced nausea and vomit (p value = 0.000). The use of acupressure wristband combined with antiemetic therapy can significantly decreaseÂ chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. Acupressure wristband recommended for consideration nursing intervention in treating breast cancer patients who experience nausea and vomiting.
KÜLTÜR BAĞLAMINDA FAALİYET TABANLI MALİYETLEME YÖNTEMİNİN TÜRKİYE’DE BAŞARI KOŞULLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YILMAZ Rifat 
Published: December 2018

Amaç: 1980’li yılların ortalarında geleneksel
Amerikan yönetim muhasebesi sisteminin yetersizliklerine karşı olarak
geliştirilen Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetleme Yönteminin (FTM) başarılı bir şekilde
uygulanabilmesi açısından milli kültürün etkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Yöntem: Doğru maliyet hesaplama açısından oldukça
yeterli bir yöntem olan FTM’nin, Hofstede (2011)’in 6 değişkenli kültür modeli
ekseninde, Türk kültür yapısına uygun
olup olmadığı ve Türk kültürünün FTM başarısını nasıl etkileyebileceği, FTM’nin
organizasyonel, teknik ve davranışsal başarı faktörleri de dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Türk toplumunun kültürel özellikleri
olarak, kolektivist, dişil ve yüksek güç
mesafesi özelliklerinin ön plana çıktığı belirlenmiş ve bu kültürel
özelliklerden ilk ikisinin FTM uygulamasının başarısını artırıcı yönde etki edebileceği
değerlendirilmiştir. Türk toplumunda mevcut olan yüksek güç mesafesinin işletme
içi iletişimi zayıflatabileceği bu açıdan da işbirliğini azaltabileceği
değerlendirilerek, yüksek güç mesafesinin olumsuz etkilerinin nasıl
azaltılabileceği ele alınmıştır.

Sonuç: Türk kültür yapısı açısından FTM’nin
ilk benimsenme aşamasında sorunla karşılaşabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulama
aşaması açısından ise Türk kültür yapısı FTM başarısını pozitif yönde etkileyecek
bir özellik göstermektedir. Ancak şunu belirtmek gerekir ki sadece bu kültür
yapısı başarı için tek başına yeterli olmayacaktır. Davranışsal, organizasyonel
yapı ve teknik konularla ilgili değişkenlere de dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Стан фактичного харчування вихованців училища-інтернату фізичної культури
Authors: Plastunova O.B. , Nyankovskyy S.L. 
Published: December 2018

Актуальність. Вивченню харчування дітей-спортсменів різних спортивних профілів, які відрізняються між собою за рівнем навантажень, у літературі не приділялося належної уваги. Мета. Оцінка стану фактичного харчування вихованців училища-інтернату фізичної культури віком 12–17 років і розробка рекомендацій із його оптимізації. Матеріали та методи. За даними 28 меню-розкладок осіннього та весняного сезонів розраховані енергоцінність і нутрієнтний склад харчових раціонів вихованців. Результати. Фактичне харчування вихованців є нераціональним, незбалансованим, особливо за вмістом вітамінів і мінеральних речовин, недиференційованим за видом спорту, статтю та віком вихованців, мінливим за енергоцінністю, нутрієнтним складом і режимом у різні дні тижня з нижчими показниками енергоцінності та вмісту нутрієнтів у суботу-неділю. Висновки. За енергоцінністю, вмістом білків, жирів і вуглеводів харчування дівчат усіх досліджуваних спортивних профілів і вікових груп, а також хлопців — стрільців, лучників, ватерполістів, борців — усіх вікових груп (метаболічний еквівалент (МЕТ) ≤ 4,0), 12–14-річних боксерів, саночників, фехтувальників (МЕТ 5,0–6,0), 12–13-річних п’ятиборців, велосипедистів, футболістів, легкоатлетів, гребців (МЕТ > 6,0) є надлишковим, 15–17-річних хлопців спортивних профілів із МЕТ > 6,0 — недостатнім.
Метаболічна терапія в дітей із синдромом вегетативної дисфункції за гіпотензивним типом
Authors: Marushko Yu.V. , Hyshchak T.V. 
Published: December 2018

Актуальність. Тріметабол — комплексний препарат, що стимулює апетит, чинить кардіопротекторну, нейротропну й антиоксидантну дію. Мета: оцінити ефективність метаболічної терапії із застосуванням препарату Тріметабол у дітей із синдромом вегетативної дисфункції за гіпотензивним типом. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 45 дітей віком 9–17 років із вегетативною дисфункцією за гіпотензивним типом. Усіх дітей було розподілено на дві групи: основна група (30 дітей) отримувала Тріметабол, група порівняння (15 дітей) — полівітамінні комплекси. Курс лікування становив 1 місяць. Результати. На тлі прийому Тріметаболу в дітей відбувалося зменшення скарг на головний біль, запаморочення, кардіалгії, покращився апетит, нормалізувалися серцевий ритм і провідність. На відміну від групи порівняння в дітей основної групи спостерігалася краща динаміка показників добового моніторингу артеріального тиску (ДМАТ) і варіабельності серцевого ритму. За даними ДМАТ, середньодобовий систолічний артеріальний тиск (САТ) збільшився в них із 107,4 ± 1,0 мм рт.ст. до 110,8 ± 1,1 мм рт.ст., р < 0,05 (у групі порівняння вірогідно не змінився), індекс часу гіпотензії САТ зменшився з 36,3 ± 2,9 % до 25,4 ± 2 ,6 %, р < 0,01 (у групі порівняння зменшився з 40,7 ± 4,7 % до 26,8 ± 4,6 %, р < 0,05). Зменшення загальної потужності спектра спостерігалося в обох групах, проте в основній групі воно було більш виражене й відбувалося як за рахунок зменшення VLF% (з 75,82 ± 1,63 % до 69,5 ± 1,7 %, р < 0,05) , так і за рахунок збільшення питомої ваги LF (з 8,78 ± 0,43 % до 10,20 ± 0,37 %, р < 0,05) і HF% (з 11,31 ± 0,46 % до 13,9 ± 0,8 %, р < 0,05). Ці дані вказують на те, що під впливом Тріметаболу відбувався перерозподіл активності центральних і автономних контурів регуляції зі зменшенням активності центральних контурів (VLF%) і відносним підвищенням активності автономних (LF%, HF%). Висновки. Тріметабол є ефективним препаратом у лікуванні вегетативної дисфункції за гіпотензивним типом. Застосування Тріметаболу сприяє покращенню обмінних процесів у міокарді, нормалізації вегетативної регуляції серцевого ритму й артеріального тиску і є безпечним для дітей підліткового віку.
Патогенетичні механізми розвитку еректильної дисфункції у чоловіків, хворих на цукровий діабет 1-го та 2-го типів
Authors: Luchytsky V.Ye. , Luchytskyy E.V. 
Published: December 2018

Актуальність. Статеві розлади — одні з найпоширеніших ускладнень цукрового діабету (ЦД). Найчастіше у чоловіків із ЦД спостерігається еректильна дисфункція (ЕД). Мета. Дослідження впливу судинних і гормональних чинників на розвиток ЕД у чоловіків із ЦД. Матеріали та методи. Обстежені чоловіки (n = 491), хворі на ЦД. Імуноферментним методом визначали концентрацію фолікулостимулюючого та лютеїнізуючого гормонів, загального тестостерону. Проводилося анкетування з використанням опитувальника «Міжнародний індекс еректильної функції». Виконано допплерівську ультрасонографію судин статевого члена. Результати. У пацієнтів із ЦД 2-го типу спостерігалася вікова залежність частоти ЕД, яка у чоловіків віком до 40 років становила 6,3 %, у віковій групі 41–50 років — 25,4 %, в осіб старше 60 років — 36,1 %. В той же час у чоловіків із ЦД 1-го типу найбільша частка пацієнтів із порушенням статевої функції була у віковій групі 41–50 років (35,6 %). При проведенні допплерівської ультрасонографії виявлено зниження пікової систолічної швидкості кровотоку в a. dorsalis penis у чоловіків, хворих на ЦД, порівняно з контролем. Резистентний і пульсаційний індекси у хворих на ЦД також були вірогідно нижчими. Реакція на введення вазоактивного препарату інтракавернозно у хворих на ЦД була менш інтенсивною порівняно з контролем. У чоловіків із ЦД 2-го типу виявлено вірогідне зниження рівнів тестостерону порівняно з контрольною групою. Висновки. Патогенез ЕД у хворих на ЦД є багатокомпонентним і переважно зумовлений васкулогенними, а у хворих на ЦД 2-го типу — і гормональними чинниками.