bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting the Dots Between Past and Future: Constraints in Episodic Future Thinking in Early Childhood
Authors: Prabhakar Janani , Ghetti Simona 
Published: January 2019

Preschoolers have limited capacity to use past experiences to prepare for the future. Two experiments sought to further understand these limitations. Experiment 1 (N = 42) showed that 3‐ to 4‐year olds’ difficulty performing anticipated future actions was constrained by their memory for relevant past actions, especially those including temporal information. Experiment 2 (N = 94) sought to determine whether preschoolers fail to see that past experiences can inform future‐oriented actions. When the connection between the past and future was experimentally heightened, future thinking accuracy improved, but only if preschoolers remembered past experiences. The results indicate that past recall is a prerequisite for future thinking but failure to bridge past and future further accounts for observed limitations in future thinking in early childhood.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is required in the maintenance of immune regulatory competency of immune regulatory monocytes
Authors: Guan L , Yu D , Wu G-H , Ning H-J , He S-D , Li S-S , Hu T-Y , Yang G , Liu Z-Q , Yu H-Q , Sun X-Z , Liu Z-G , Yang P-C 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDysfunction of the immune regulatory system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has multiple bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the role of VIP in the maintenance of the immune regulatory capacity of monocytes (Mos). Human peripheral blood samples were collected from RA patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. Mos and CD14+ CD71–CD73+CD25+ regulatory Mos (RegMos) were isolated from the blood samples and characterized by flow cytometry. A rat RA model was developed to test the role of VIP in the maintenance of the immune regulatory function of Mos. The results showed that RegMos of HC subjects had immune suppressive functions. RegMos of RA patients expressed less interleukin (IL)-10 and showed an incompetent immune regulatory capacity. Serum levels of VIP were lower in RA patients, which were positively correlated with the expression of IL-10 in RegMos. In-vitro experiments showed that the IL-10 mRNA decayed spontaneously in RegMos, which could be prevented by the presence of VIP in the culture. VIP suppressed the effects of tristetraprolin (TTP) on inducing IL-10 mRNA decay in RegMos. Administration of VIP inhibited experimental RA in rats through restoring the IL-10 expression in RegMos. RegMos have immune suppressive functions. VIP is required in maintaining IL-10 expression in RegMos. The data suggest that VIP has translational potential in the treatment of immune disorders such as RA.
Peri‐implantitis and its prevention
Authors: Berglundh Tord , Jepsen Søren , Stadlinger Bernd , Terheyden Hendrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis perspective article on peri‐implantitis and its prevention was produced as a supplement to a 3‐D, computer‐animated film aiming at presenting key characteristics of peri‐implant health, the build‐up of a biofilm and the ensuing host‐response resulting in peri‐implant mucositis and, subsequently, peri‐implantitis. Treatment concepts for peri‐implantitis were briefly reviewed, and prevention of the condition was brought to attention as a priority in implant dentistry. The overview also highlighted the 2017 World Workshop on Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant diseases and Conditions, in which new disease definitions and case definitions were presented for peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis.
Evaluation of Wearable Digital Devices in a Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Izmailova Elena S. , McLean Ian L. , Bhatia Gaurav , Hather Greg , Cantor Matthew , Merberg David , Perakslis Eric D. , Benko Christopher , Wagner John A. 
Published: January 2019

We assessed the performance of two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k)‐cleared wearable digital devices and the operational feasibility of deploying them to augment data collection in a 10‐day residential phase I clinical trial. The Phillips Actiwatch Spectrum Pro (Actiwatch) was used to assess mobility and sleep, and the Vitalconnect HealthPatch MD (HealthPatch) was used for monitoring heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and surface skin temperature (ST). We measured data collection rates, compared device readouts with anticipated readings and conventional in‐clinic measures, investigated data limitations, and assessed user acceptability. Six of nine study participants consented; completeness of data collection was adequate (> 90% for four of six subjects). A good correlation was observed between the HealthPatch device derived and in‐clinic measures for HR (Pearson r = 0.71; P = 2.2e‐16) but this was poor for RR (r = 0.08; P = 0.44) and ST (r = 0.14; P = 0.14). Manual review of electrocardiogram strips recorded during reported episodes of tachycardia > 180 beats/min showed that these were artefacts. The HealthPatch was judged to be not fit‐for‐purpose because of artefacts and the need for time‐consuming manual review. The Actiwatch device was suitable for monitoring mobility, collecting derived sleep data, and facilitating the interpretation of vital sign data. These results suggest the need for fit‐for‐purpose evaluation of wearable devices prior to their deployment in drug development studies.
1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐2‐imidazolidinone, a heparanase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, improves epidermal basement membrane structure and epidermal barrier function
Authors: Iriyama Shunsuke , Yamanishi Haruyo , Kunizawa Naomi , Hirao Tetsuji , Amano Satoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDaily exposure to sunlight is known to affect the structure and function of the epidermal basement membrane (BM), as well as epidermal differentiation and epidermal barrier function. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the inhibition of BM‐degrading enzymes such as heparanase and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) can improve the epidermal barrier function of facial skin, which is exposed to the sun on a daily basis. 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2‐imidazolidinone (HEI) was synthesized as an inhibitor of both heparanase and MMP‐9. HEI inhibited not only the BM damage at the DEJ but also epidermal proliferation, differentiation, water contents and transepidermal water loss abnormalities resulting from ultraviolet B (UVB). This was determined in this study by the use of UVB‐induced human cultured skins as compared with the control without HEI. Moreover, topical application of HEI improved epidermal barrier function by increasing water content and decreasing transepidermal water loss in daily sun‐exposed facial skin as compared with non‐treated skins. These results suggest that the inhibition of both heparanase and MMP‐9 is an effective way to care for regularly sun‐exposed facial skin by protecting the BM from damage.
Structural and functional characterization of a frataxin from a thermophilic organism
Authors: Rasheed Masooma , Jamshidiha Mostafa , Puglisi Rita , Yan Robert , Cota Ernesto , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: January 2019

Frataxins form an interesting family of iron‐binding proteins with an almost unique fold and are highly conserved from bacteria to primates. They have a pivotal role in iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis as regulators of the rates of cluster formation, as it is testified by the fact that frataxin absence is incompatible with life and reduced levels of the protein lead to the recessive neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia. Despite its importance, the structure of frataxin has been solved only from relatively few species. Here, we discuss the X‐ray structure of frataxin from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum, and the characterization of its interactions and dynamics in solution. We show that this eukaryotic frataxin has an unusual variation in the classical frataxin fold: the last helix is shorter than in other frataxins which results in a less symmetrical and compact structure. The stability of this protein is comparable to that of human frataxin, currently the most stable among the frataxin orthologues. We also characterized the iron‐binding mode of Ct frataxin and demonstrated that it binds it through a semiconserved negatively charged ridge on the first helix and beta‐strand. Moreover, this frataxin is also able to bind the bacterial ortholog of the desulfurase, which is central in iron–sulfur cluster synthesis, and act as its inhibitor.
Four decades of plant community change along a continental gradient of warming
Authors: Becker‐Scarpitta Antoine , Vissault Steve , Vellend Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany studies of individual sites have revealed biotic changes consistent with climate warming (e.g., upward elevational distribution shifts), but our understanding of the tremendous variation among studies in the magnitude of such biotic changes is minimal. In this study, we resurveyed forest vegetation plots 40 years after the initial surveys in three protected areas along a west‐to‐east gradient of increasingly steep recent warming trends in eastern Canada (Québec). Consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming has been an important driver of vegetation change, we found an increasing magnitude of changes in species richness and composition from west to east among the three parks. For the two mountainous parks, we found no significant changes in elevational species’ distributions in the easternmost park (raw mean = +11.4 m at Forillon Park) where warming has been minimal, and significant upward distribution shifts in the centrally located park (+38.9 m at Mont‐Mégantic), where the recent warming trend has been marked. Community Temperature Indices (CTI), reflecting the average affinities of locally co‐occurring species to temperature conditions across their geographic ranges (“Species Temperature Indices”), did not change over time as predicted. However, close examination of the underpinnings of CTI values suggested a high sensitivity to uncertainty in individual species’ temperature indices, and so a potentially limited responsiveness to warming. Overall, by testing a priori predictions concerning variation among parks in the direction and magnitude of vegetation changes, we have provided stronger evidence for a link between climate warming and biotic responses than otherwise possible and provided a potential explanation for large variation among studies in warming‐related biotic changes.
Headache Attributed to Aeroplane Travel: An Historical Outline
Authors: Mainardi Federico , Maggioni Ferdinando , Zanchin Giorgio 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionHeadache attributed to aeroplane travel (AH) is one of the new nosological entries in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 3 beta.Materials and MethodsThis study retraces the history of headache related to flight, from the initial description to the modern reports, on the basis of original sources.ResultsHead pain related to flight has been reported since the beginning of flight era. However, most of those early cases are easily recognized as secondary to an exceptional barotrauma and/or a sinusitis concomitant with the flight. Instead, contemporary research identified a new nosological entity, AH, which by definition occurs in normal flying conditions and in absence of any sinus pathology. Moreover, we identified recently similar forms of headache, triggered by sudden changes of external pressure (rapid descent from mountain, mountain descent headache, MDH); and ascent from diving, diving ascent headache (DAH).ConclusionHead pain related to flight has been reported since the origin of aviation, but it was caused by an exceptional barotrauma or a respiratory infection. Instead, AH occurs in normal flying conditions. Two newly identified conditions, MDH and DAH, appear to share a common pathogenetic mechanism with AH: namely the imbalance between intrasinusal and external air pressure. Therefore, we assert that an expansion of this entity of AH is something that should be considered in the next ICHD.
Sphenopalatine Neuralgia: An Independent Neuralgia Entity. Pooled Analysis of a Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Yixin , Long Ting , Pan Qi , Zhang Shanshan , Zhou Jiying 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundStructural damage or demyelization of the sphenopalatine ganglion may cause sphenopalatine neuralgia (SN). The current International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD‐3) regards SN as a phenotype of cluster headache. Whether SN is an independent neuralgia entity has been debated for years.MethodsThis article presents a case series of SN, a review of all published cases, and a pooled data analysis of the identified cases.ResultsSeven patients were identified, with a median age at symptom onset of 59 years. Six cases were secondary to structural lesions surrounding the ipsilateral sphenopalatine ganglion, and all of them experienced significant clinical improvements after removing the primary causes. In the seventh patient, no evidence of underlying disease was found. The literature review showed that SN affected patients spanning a wide range of ages and both sexes. The clinical characteristics of SN might mimic cluster headache with the exception of cluster pattern and treatment response to oxygen. The typical duration of pain episodes in SN was several hours to several days; and in some cases, pain was persistent. Sixty‐seven percent (59/88) of patients with SN had structural lesions around the sphenopalatine ganglion.ConclusionSN could possibly be regarded as a different clinical entity from cluster headache. Based on our patients and literature review, SN can be categorized as idiopathic SN and secondary SN. Craniofacial structural lesions should be highly rating and taken into account when SN is suspected.
SMAD4 alteration associates with invasive‐front pathological markers and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Oyanagi Hidehito , Shimada Yoshifumi , Nagahashi Masayuki , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Tajima Yosuke , Abe Kaoru , Nakano Masato , Kameyama Hitoshi , Takii Yasumasa , Kawasaki Takashi , Homma Kei‐Ichi , Ling Yiwei , Okuda Shujiro , Takabe Kazuaki , Wakai Toshifumi 
Published: January 2019

AimsSMAD4 acts as a tumour suppressor, and the loss of SMAD4 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Although next‐generation sequencing (NGS) enabled us to detect numerous genetic alterations in a single assay, the clinical significance of SMAD4 alteration detected with NGS has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical significance of SMAD4 alteration detected with NGS in CRC.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively investigated 201 patients with stage I–IV CRC, by using a 415‐gene panel. To analyse the relationship between SMAD4 alteration and other clinicopathological characteristics, we evaluated clinicopathological variables, including invasive‐front pathological markers: tumour budding, poorly differentiated cluster, and Crohn‐like lymphoid reaction. Fifty‐six patients (28%) had SMAD4 alteration: 24 and 32 patients had SMAD4 mutation and deletion, respectively. SMAD4 alteration was significantly associated with T category (P = 0.027), N category (P = 0.037), M category (P = 0.028), and invasive‐front pathological markers, such as poorly differentiated cluster grade 3 (P = 0.020) and absence of Crohn‐like lymphoid reaction (P = 0.004). Immunohistochemistry revealed that SMAD4 alteration was significantly associated with loss of SMAD4 (P = 0.023). In 90 patients with stage I–III disease, SMAD4 alteration was significantly associated with poor prognosis for relapse‐free and overall survival (P = 0.047; P = 0.022, respectively). Conversely, in 111 patients with stage IV disease, SMAD4 alteration was not significantly associated with overall survival.ConclusionSMAD4 alteration is associated with invasive‐front pathological markers and poor prognosis in stage I–III CRC patients.
C4d detection and histological patterns in the diagnosis of antibody‐mediated rejection after lung transplantation: a single‐centre study
Authors: Ngo Carine , Danel Claire , Duong‐Quy Sy , Dauriat Gaëlle , Castier Yves , Lortat‐Jacob Brice , Mal Hervé , Brugière Olivier , Cazes Aurélie 
Published: January 2019

AimsAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is an emerging and challenging issue in transplantation. Endothelial deposition of C4d and microvascular inflammation (MI) are reliable markers of AMR in renal and cardiac transplantation, but remain controversial in the lung. Our aim was to assess C4d immunohistochemistry and histological patterns for the diagnosis of lung AMR.Methods and resultsWe reviewed 158 transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) (n = 85 clinically indicated, and n = 73 surveillance TBBs) from 48 recipients, blinded to clinical and serological data. C4d was scored as 0, 1+ (<10%), 2+ (10–50%) or 3+ (>50%). TBBs were reassessed for MI and acute lung injury (ALI). Donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs), acute clinical graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft graft dysfunction (CLAD) were recorded. C4d3+, C4d2+, C4d1+ and C4d0 occurred respectively in four (2.5%), six (3.8%), 28 (17.7%) and 120 (75.9%) TBBs. MI and ALI were rare but more frequent in C4d1–3+ TBBs than in the absence of C4d. C4d2+ was frequently observed with concomitant infection. Among the surveillance TBBs, only two (2.7%) showed MI. Neither ALI nor C4d3+ was diagnosed on surveillance TBBs. No significant association was found between histopathological findings and DSAs. All four patients with C4d3+ could retrospectively be diagnosed with AMR and developed CLAD.ConclusionAlthough rare, diffuse C4d deposition appears to be a strong indication of acute clinical AMR in lung transplant patients, whereas intermediate C4d2+ requires more investigations. In stable patients, histopathology and C4d may lack the sensitivity to diagnose subclinical AMR. This emphasises the need for a multidisciplinary evaluation of each suspected AMR case, and the need for complementary diagnostic tools.
Male post‐breeding movements and stopover habitat selection of an endangered short‐distance migrant, the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax
Authors: Alonso Hany , Correia Ricardo A. , Marques Ana Teresa , Palmeirim Jorge M. , Moreira Francisco , Silva João Paulo 
Published: January 2019

Migratory decisions, such as the selection of stopover sites, are critical for the success of post‐breeding migratory movements and subsequent survival. Recent advances in bio‐logging have revealed the stopover strategies of many long‐distance migrants, but far less attention has been given to short‐distance migrants. We investigated the stopover ecology of an endangered grassland bird, the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, a short‐distance migrant in Iberia. Using high‐resolution spatial GPS/GSM data, 27 male Little Bustards breeding in southern Portugal were tracked between 2009 and 2011. We studied post‐breeding movements using Dynamic Brownian Bridge models to identify the main stopover sites, and generalized linear mixed models to examine habitat selection in stopovers. During their post‐breeding movements, males were essentially nocturnal migrants, making frequent stopovers while maintaining a relatively fast pace to reach more productive agricultural post‐breeding areas. Stopovers occurred in most post‐breeding movements (83%) regardless of the total distance covered (average 64.3 km), and most stopovers (84%) lasted less than 24 h. Birds used mostly agricultural non‐irrigated and irrigated croplands as stopover sites and avoided other land uses and rugged terrain. There was a negative relationship between stopovers and the proximity to roads, but not to power lines. The high frequency of stopovers during post‐breeding movements, despite the short distances travelled, together with the nocturnal migratory behaviour of bustards, may impose additional risks to a bird mainly threatened by collision with power lines in non‐breeding areas. We also conclude that even for short‐distance migrants, habitat connectivity between breeding and post‐breeding areas is likely to be a key conservation concern.
Serum pleiotrophin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Wang Yuchao , Yuan Qi , Wang Wei , Chi Chuanzhen , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xiuwei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPleiotrophin (PTN) is involved in tumour progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression level of PTN in the serum of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to explore the clinical significance of PTN. Serum samples from 128 patients with SCLC, 120 healthy volunteers (HV) and 60 patients with benign lung disease (BLD) were collected. The levels of serum PTN were determined with ELISA and its correlation with the clinical data was examined. The serum PTN levels in SCLC patients were significantly higher than that in BLD patients (P < 0.05) or HV (P < 0.05). With a cutoff value of 258.18 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of PTN to SCLC patients and BLD patients, SCLC patients and HV were 79.2% and 91.7%, 86.7% and 95.8% respectively. An area under the curve for all stages of SCLC resulting from PTN, which was significantly better than the other tumour markers tested including progastrin‐releasing peptide and neuron‐specific enolase. High serum PTN levels appear to correlate with poor survival in patients with SCLC. These results suggest that PTN levels in the serum could be a new effective biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC.
Managing competition on a two‐sided platform
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Peitz Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn many two‐sided platforms, users on one side not only care about user participation and usage levels on the other side, but they also care about participation and usage of fellow users on the same side. Most prominent is the degree of seller competition on a platform catering to buyers and sellers. In this paper, we address how seller competition affects platform pricing, product variety, and the number of platforms that carry trade.