bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a positive living group climate in residential youth care: A single case study
Authors: Levrouw Delphine , Roose Rudi , van der Helm Peer , Strijbosch Eefje , Vandevelde Stijn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn residential youth care, a positive living group climate is one of the main pillars for having a child grow up and develop optimally. Despite its importance, the development of a positive living group climate seems to be “under pressure,” due to recent evolutions in residential youth care all over the world. This article describes what could be learned from a project focused on monitoring the living group climate in a residential youth care service in Flanders, Belgium. The objectives were (a) to investigate the implications of this project specifically aimed at improving the living group climate, and (b) to discuss the opportunities and challenges of this process, in relation to the particular service and staff, and residential youth care in general.The outcomes indicate that group workers perceive the monitoring process as a constructive tool for discussing outcomes in establishing a positive living climate. Furthermore, the findings show that the living group climate is perceived as a complex context, with many interactions that are difficult to measure or capture—therefore, discussion about the outcomes is an essential part of improvement processes. This study provides insight into the key factors and tensions in the development of a positive living group climate.
Sharing information about diagnosis and outcome of first‐episode psychosis in patients presenting to early intervention services
Authors: Farooq Saeed , Green Debra J. , Singh Swaran P. 
Published: May 2018

AimFirst‐episode psychosis (FEP) can be a serious and debilitating disease, but there is limited literature on how to inform patients and carers about its diagnosis and outcome. We aimed to examine the attitudes, practices and views of clinicians working in Early Intervention Service about sharing information on diagnosis and outcome of FEP.MethodsA 26‐item questionnaire was sent electronically to clinical staff who have been involved in the discussion of FEP diagnosis in Early Intervention Services in the West Midlands, UK.ResultsA total of 51 clinicians completed the questionnaire. All respondents stated that patients or carers of those presenting with FEP wish to be informed of their diagnosis, and three‐quarters (76%) felt there is a need to develop guidelines on how to inform about diagnosis; 57% stated that they usually use broad diagnostic groups such as psychosis when discussing diagnosis, and only 11% use the term schizophrenia. A total of 40% thought that the therapeutic relationship and treatment adherence (58%) would improve if patients know about their diagnosis; 42 (88%) respondents felt that the likely outcome of the illness should also be discussed with patients when the diagnosis is communicated.ConclusionThe clinicians were aware that service users wished to be informed about the diagnosis and outcome of FEP but had no guidance on the subject. Despite the limitations of an online self‐administered survey, the study highlights the need for guidance and improving clinical practice in discussing the diagnosis of FEP in a vulnerable population.
Greater attention should be paid to developing therapies for elderly patients with Hodgkin lymphoma—A population‐based study from Sweden
Authors: Björkholm Magnus , Weibull Caroline E. , Eloranta Sandra , Smedby Karin E. , Glimelius Ingrid , Dickman Paul W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveForty percent of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients are older than 50 years at diagnosis, a fact which is not commonly recognized. Older patients do significantly worse than younger patients and are rarely included in clinical trials.MethodsUsing data from Swedish Cancer and Lymphoma Registries, we estimated relative survival ratios (RSRs) for 7997 HL patients (diagnosed 1973‐2013; 45% ≥50 years).ResultsThe 1‐year RSRs (95% confidence interval; CI) for males aged 45‐59, 60‐69, 70‐80, and 81 years and over, diagnosed in 2013, were 0.95 (0.91‐0.97), 0.88 (0.81‐0.92), 0.74 (0.63‐0.81), and 0.52 (0.35‐0.67), respectively. The corresponding 1‐year RSRs for females were 0.97 (0.94‐0.98), 0.91 (0.85‐0.95), 0.82 (0.73‐0.88), and 0.66 (0.50‐0.77). No improvements in 1‐year of 5‐year relative survival from 2000 to 2013 were observed for patients aged 45‐59 or 60‐69 but there were modest improvements for patients aged 70 years and older. Importantly, we saw no changes in the distribution of disease or patient characteristics between 2000 and 2013.ConclusionsElderly patients constitute a large group with clearly unmet medical needs. Our findings motivate a more active approach to including elderly patients in clinical trials. Our study provides a baseline for outcome comparison after the broader introduction of targeted drugs.
Everolimus dosing recommendations for tuberous sclerosis complex–associated refractory seizures
Authors: Franz David N. , Lawson John A. , Yapici Zuhal , Brandt Christian , Kohrman Michael H. , Wong Michael , Milh Mathieu , Wiemer‐Kruel Adelheid , Voi Maurizio , Coello Neva , Cheung Wing , Grosch Kai , French Jacqueline A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe present analysis examined the exposure‐response relationship by means of the predose everolimus concentration (Cmin) and the seizure response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex–associated seizures in the EXIST‐3 study. Recommendations have been made for the target Cmin range of everolimus for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and the doses necessary to achieve this target Cmin.MethodsA model‐based approach was used to predict patients' daily Cmin. Time‐normalized Cmin (TN‐Cmin) was calculated as the average predicted Cmin in a time interval. TN‐Cmin was used to link exposure to efficacy and safety end points via model‐based approaches. A conditional logistic regression stratified by age subgroup was used to estimate the probability of response in relation to exposure. A multiplicative linear regression model was used to estimate the exposure‐response relationship for seizure frequency (SF). An extended Cox regression model was used to link exposure to the time to first adverse event.ResultsThere was a strong, consistent, and highly significant relationship between everolimus exposure and efficacy, measured by TN‐Cmin and SF, regardless of patient's age and concomitant use of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors/inducers. Results of an extended Cox regression analyses indicated that twofold increases in TN‐Cmin were not associated with statistically significant increases in the risk of stomatitis or infections.SignificanceThe recommended TDM is to target everolimus Cmin within a range of 5‐7 ng/mL initially and 5‐15 ng/mL in the event of an inadequate clinical response, and safety is consistent with previous reports. Starting doses depend on age and the concomitant use of CYP3A4/P‐glycoprotein inducers/inhibitors.
Evaluation of notch size effect on LCF life of TA19 specimens based on the stress gradient modified critical distance method
Authors: Wang R. , Liu H. , Hu D. , Li D. , Mao J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the stress gradient modified critical distance method is proposed to predict the low‐cycle fatigue lifetime of notched TA19 specimens by introducing a weight function of relative stress gradient into conventional critical distance theories. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method were validated based on the experimental data by performing low‐cycle fatigue tests on smooth bar TA19 specimens as well as geometrically similar plate specimens containing a bore hole (BHP). Predicted results demonstrate that the mean absolute errors for entire tested specimens using the stress gradient modified critical distance method on the basis of the point method and the line method are 7.49% and 7.41% respectively. Furthermore, the fatigue striation width at the fracture surface was determined by scanning electronic microscope observations to examine the stress gradient effect on the crack growth rate.
Correlation of fracture toughness with microstructural features for ultrafine‐grained 6082 Al alloy
Authors: Kumar N. , Owolabi G.M. , Jayaganthan R. , Goel S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present work, cryorolling (CR) and room temperature rolling (RTR) followed by annealing (AN) at 200°C were carried out to investigate the effects of grain size, precipitates (Mg‐Si‐phases), and AlFeMnSi‐phases on the fracture toughness of 6082 Al alloy. Using the values of the conditional fracture toughness, (KQ), in the critical fracture toughness (KIC) validation criteria, it was found that the sample size is inappropriate, which implies that the conditional fracture toughness obtained cannot be considered as the critical fracture toughness. Therefore, to establish the relative improvement in fracture toughness, the equivalent energy fracture toughness (Kee) and J‐integral were calculated and used. The results show that the values of Kee (89.91 MPa √m) and J (89.86 kJ/m2) obtained for the sample processed via CR followed by AN (CR + AN) are the highest when compared with the other samples processed through CR, RTR, and RTR followed by AN, RTR + AN. Microstructural features such as high fraction of low Taylor factor, high fraction of kernel average misorientation, Si‐rich particles, small size AlFeMnSi‐phases, and mixed mode of failure (transgranular shear and micro‐void coalescence) also support the high fracture toughness in the CR + AN sample. It was also observed that the effect of residual stresses on the fracture toughness of CR and RTR samples is minimal. Therefore, the correlation between microstructure and residual stresses is not considered in the present work due to very small values of the residual stresses for CR and RTR samples and the absence of residual stress from the heat‐treated samples.
Torsional fatigue with axial constant stress of oligo‐crystalline 316L stainless steel thin wire
Authors: Shen Y. , Fu S. , Shi S. , Chen X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA series of symmetric torsional fatigue with axial constant stress tests, a kind of multiaxial fatigue test, was conducted on oligo‐crystalline 316L stainless steel thin wire, which was less than 3.5 grains across diameter of 200 μm. The material presents significant cyclic hardening under symmetric torsion cycling, and hardening is more obvious with the increasing shear strain amplitude. However, symmetric torsional cycle with constant axial stresses tests characterize rapid initial hardening and then gradually softening until fatigue failure. The axial stress has a great effect on torsional fatigue life. Fractography observation shows a mixed failure mode combined torsional fatigue with tensile strain because of axial tensile stress. A newly proposed model with axial stress damage parameter is used to predict the torsional fatigue life with constant axial stress of small scale thin wire.
Fracture analysis of dissimilar Al‐Al friction stir welded joints under tensile/shear loading
Authors: Torabi A.R. , Kalantari M.H. , Aliha M.R.M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this research, fracture of dissimilar friction stir welded (FSWed) joint made of Al 7075‐T6 and Al 6061‐T6 aluminum alloys is investigated in the cracked semi‐circular bend (CSCB) specimen under mixed mode I/II loading. Due to the elastic‐plastic behavior of the welded material and the existence of significant plastic deformations around the crack tip at the propagation instance, fracture prediction of the FSWed specimens needs some failure criteria in the context of the elastic‐plastic fracture mechanics which are very complicated and time‐consuming. For this purpose, the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC) is used herein by which the tensile behavior of the welded material is equated with that of a virtual brittle material. By combining EMC with the 2 brittle fracture criteria, namely the maximum tangential stress (MTS) and mean stress (MS) criteria, the load‐carrying capacity (LCC) of the FSWed CSCB specimens is predicted. Comparison of the experimental results and theoretical predictions from the 2 criteria showed that both criteria could accurately predict the LCC of the cracked specimens. Moreover, as the contribution of mode II loading increases, the size of the plastic region around the crack tip at failure increases, leading to increasing the LCC.
Where can switchgrass production be more profitable than corn and soybean? An integrated subfield assessment in Iowa, USA
Authors: Brandes Elke , Plastina Alejandro , Heaton Emily A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerennial bioenergy crops are considered an important feedstock for a growing bioeconomy. However, in the USA, production of biofuel from these dedicated, nonfood crops is lagging behind federal mandates and markets have yet to develop. Most studies on the economic potential of perennial biofuel crops have concluded that even high‐yielding bioenergy grasses are unprofitable compared to corn/soybeans, the prevailing crops in the United States Corn Belt. However, they did not account for opportunities precision agriculture presents to integrate perennials into agronomically and economically underperforming parts of corn/soybean fields. Using publicly available subfield data and market projections, we identified an upper bound to the areas in Iowa, United States, where the conversion from corn/soybean cropland to an herbaceous bioenergy crop, switchgrass, could be economically viable under different price, land tenancy, and yield scenarios. Assuming owned land, medium crop prices, and a biomass price of US$ 55 Mg−1, we showed that 4.3% of corn/soybean cropland could break even when converted to switchgrass yielding up to 10.08 Mg ha−1. The annualized change in net present value on each converted subfield patch ranged from just above US$ 0 ha−1 to 692 ha−1. In the three counties of highest economic opportunity, total annualized producer benefits from converting corn/soybean to switchgrass summed to US$ 2.6 million, 3.4 million, and 7.6 million, respectively. This is the first study to quantify an upper bound to the potential private economic benefits from targeted conversion of unfavorable corn/soybean cropland to switchgrass, leaving arable land already under perennial cover unchanged. Broadly, we conclude that areas with high within‐field yield variation provide highest economic opportunities for switchgrass conversion. Our results are relevant for policy design intended to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. While focused on Iowa, this approach is applicable to other intensively farmed regions globally with similar data availability.
Assessing Physician‐Patient Dialogues About Chronic Migraine During Routine Office Visits
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Gillard Patrick , Arctander Kaitlyn , Kuang Amy W. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess physician‐patient communication and identify the frequency of use of specific communication techniques by analyzing recordings of routinely scheduled medical encounters for patients with clinician‐identified chronic migraine.BackgroundChronic migraine is an under‐diagnosed, under‐treated, and highly burdensome disease. Effective medical communication is integral to optimal medical care, including providing accurate diagnoses, creating effective treatment plans, and enhancing patient adherence. Communication patterns during office visits may be a target for intervention to improve outcomes for people with chronic migraine.DesignThis was a prospective, observational study based on analysis of audio recordings collected during neurologist‐patient chronic migraine dialogues.MethodsTwenty neurologists from a US neurology panel maintained by Verilogue, Inc., a research organization specializing in healthcare dialogues, were invited to identify patients with chronic migraine and record clinical encounters with their patients. Both new patient visits and follow‐up visits were included in this analysis. Neurologist‐patient dialogues were audio‐recorded, anonymized, transcribed, and analyzed by a sociolinguist for the presence of prespecified communication parameters, strategies, and specific language indicative of optimal migraine‐related medical care.ResultsFourteen out of the 20 invited neurologists (70.0%) accepted the study invitation and recorded 35 encounters with patients eligible for the study. The patient sample was 91.4% female (n = 32/35), with a mean age of 46 years. On average, there were 17 headache‐related questions per visit; 82.0% of questions were closed‐ended (n = 369/450). Headache/migraine frequency was elicited in 77.1% of the dialogues (n = 27/35), but headache days per month was assessed in only a single dialogue. Only one neurologist utilized the ask‐tell‐ask technique. Headache‐related disability was discussed in 22.9%of the dialogues (n = 8/35), with only one using open‐ended questions. None of the dialogues discussed ictal vs interictal headache‐related disability. Chronic migraine was mentioned in 8.6% of dialogues (n = 3/35) and treatment plans were discussed in 37.1% of the dialogues (n = 13/35).ConclusionsResults from this preliminary study showed that the majority of the neurologist‐chronic migraine patient dialogues did not assess elements crucial for diagnosis and treatment (eg, headache days per month and headache related disability) or use standard communication techniques (eg, open‐ended questions, ask‐tell‐ask). We recommend intervention studies designed to assess the benefits of improved communication on diagnostic accuracy, treatment decisions, and patient reported outcomes.
Walking Ability is Associated with Social Communication Skills in Infants at High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica , Klaiman Cheryl , Gillespie Scott , Brane Natalie , Lewis Moira , Saulnier Celine 
Published: May 2018

Achievement of early motor milestones in infancy affords new opportunities for social interaction and communication. Research has shown that both motor and social deficits are observed in infants who later develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined associations between motor and Social communication skills in 12‐month‐old infant siblings of children with ASD who are at heightened risk for developmental delays (N = 86) and low‐risk, typically developing infants (N = 113). Infants were classified into one of three groups based on their walking ability: walkers (walks independently), standers (stands independently), or prewalkers (does not yet stand or walk independently). Social communication and cognitive skills were assessed with two standardized assessments (Communication and Symbolic Behaviors Scales [CSBS] and Mullen Scales of Early Learning) and compared across the three walking groups. Results demonstrated that high‐risk walkers showed superior Social communication skills, but commensurate cognitive skills, compared to high‐risk prewalkers. In contrast, Social communication and cognitive skills were largely comparable for low‐risk infants, regardless of walking status. Findings suggest that for high‐risk infants, who are already vulnerable to developmental delays and ASD, independent walking may facilitate the emergence of Social communication abilities. Pivotal motor milestones may serve as useful indicators of Social communication delays and targets for intervention.
Arabidopsis VQ10 interacts with WRKY8 to modulate basal defense against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Chen Junqiu , Wang Houping , Li Yang , Pan Jinjing , Hu Yanru , Yu Diqiu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent studies in Arabidopsis have revealed that some VQ motif‐containing proteins physically interact with WRKY transcription factors; however, their specific biological functions are still poorly understood. In this study, we confirmed the interaction between VQ10 and WRKY8, and show that VQ10 and WRKY8 formed a complex in the plant cell nucleus. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that the middle region of WRKY8 and the VQ motif of VQ10 are critical for their interaction, and that this interaction promotes the DNA‐binding activity of WRKY8. Further investigation revealed that the VQ10 protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus, and VQ10 was predominantly expressed in siliques. VQ10 expression was strongly responsive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea and defense‐related hormones. Phenotypic analysis showed that disruption of VQ10 increased mutant plants susceptibility to the fungal pathogen B. cinerea, whereas constitutive‐expression of VQ10 enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Consistent with these findings, expression of the defense‐related PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) gene was decreased in vq10 mutant plants, after B. cinerea infection, but increased in VQ10‐overexpressing transgenic plants. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that VQ10 physically interacts with WRKY8 and positively regulates plant basal resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B. cinerea.
On the Contagion Effect in the US Banking Sector
Authors: PINO GABRIEL , SHARMA SUBHASH C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy using the spatial econometrics methodology, this paper investigates the contagion of the risk taking by banks in the US banking sector during 2001 to 2012. In addition, the contagion signals up to the Subprime crisis in 2008 are analyzed and different channels of contagion are studied in order to identify fragile groups of banks. Our analysis reveals that there is no significant contagion transmitted to the whole banking system. However, we observe that the bank contagion is significantly spread locally and for the group of banks that share similar characteristics related to size and bank regulations.
Local rotations due to mixed‐type misfit dislocation at α‐Fe2O3/α‐Al2O3 heterostructure interface
Authors: WANG Y. , TAO Z. , YU J. , ZHANG X. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe misfit dislocations at α‐Fe2O3/α‐Al2O3 heterostructure interfaces were investigated by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), geometric phase analysis (GPA) and dislocation density tensor analysis. When imaged along the [110] direction, the misfit dislocation core is a mixed‐type, which can be characterised by one extra (102) plane and one extra (104) plane of α‐Al2O3. Dislocation density tensor analysis gave a very high accuracy in determining the corresponding Burgers vectors of two extra half‐planes. By comparing the measured Burgers vectors with theoretical ones, we are able to determine local rotations in the dislocation core region: the (102) plane is rotated clockwise 6.25° and the (104) plane is rotated anticlockwise 4.81°. Such a local rotation is favourable from the viewpoint of both energy and function to relax lattice misfit.