bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetization switching of multi-state magnetic structures with current-induced torques
Authors: Das Shubhankar , Avraham Liran , Telepinsky Yevgeniy , Mor Vladislav , Schultz Moty , Klein Lior 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpintronic devices often require the ability to locally change the magnetic configuration of ferromagnetic structures on a sub-micron scale. A promising route for achieving this goal is the use of heavy metal/ferromagnetic heterostructures where current flowing through the heavy metal layer generates field-like and anti-damping like torques on the magnetic layer. Commonly, such torques are used to switch magnets with a uniaxial anisotropy between two uniformly magnetized states. Here, we use such torques to switch magnetization in Ta/Ni0.80Fe0.20 heterostructures with uniaxial and biaxial anisotropy, where in the latter the magnetization is non-uniform. The anisotropies are induced by shape and the magnetic state is monitored using the planar Hall effect. As structures with several easy axes induced by shape can be part of a magnetic memory element, the results pave the way for multi-level magnetic memory with spin-orbit torque switching.
Induction of the viable but non-culturable state in bacterial pathogens by household cleaners and inorganic salts
Authors: Robben Christian , Fister Susanne , Witte Anna Kristina , Schoder Dagmar , Rossmanith Peter , Mester Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEffective monitoring of microbial pathogens is essential for a successful preventive food safety and hygiene strategy. However, as most monitoring strategies are growth-based, these tests fail to detect pathogenic bacteria that have entered the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. The present study reports the induction of the VBNC state in five human pathogens by commercially available household cleaners in combination with inorganic salts. We determined that non-ionic surfactants, a common ingredient in household cleaners, can induce the VBNC state, when combined with salts. A screening study with 630 surfactant/salt combinations indicates a correlation between the hydrophobicity of the surfactant and VBNC induction in L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. aureus and toxin-producing enteropathogenic E. coli. Cells that were exposed to combinations of surfactants and salts for 5 min and up to 1 h lost their culturability on standard growth media while retaining their ATP production, fermentation of sugars and membrane integrity, which suggests intact and active metabolism. Screening also revealed major differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; the latter being more susceptible to VBNC induction. Combinations of such detergents and salts are found in many different environments and reflect realistic conditions in industrial and domestic surroundings. VBNC cells present in industrial environments, food-processing plants and even our daily routine represent a serious health risk due to possible resuscitation, unknown spreading, production of toxins and especially their invisibility to routine detection methods, which rely on culturability of cells and fail to detect VBNC pathogens.
Gravity-dependent change in the ‘light-from-above’ prior
Authors: Barnett-Cowan Michael , Ernst Marc O. , Bülthoff Heinrich H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn environments where orientation is ambiguous, the visual system uses prior knowledge about lighting coming from above to recognize objects, determine which way is up, and reorient the body. Here we investigated the extent with which assumed light from above preferences are affected by body orientation and the orientation of the retina relative to gravity. We tested the ability to extract shape-from-shading with seven human male observers positioned in multiple orientations relative to gravity using a modified KUKA anthropomorphic robot arm. Observers made convex-concave judgments of a central monocularly viewed stimulus with orientations of a shading gradient consistent with being lit from one of 24 simulated illumination directions. By positioning observers in different roll-tilt orientations relative to gravity and when supine, we were able to monitor change in the light-from-above prior (the orientation at which a shaded disk appears maximally convex). The results confirm previous findings that the light-from-above prior changes with body orientation relative to gravity. Interestingly, the results varied also with retinal orientation as well as an additional component that was approximately twice the frequency of retinal orientation. We use a modelling approach to show that the data are well predicted by summing retinal orientation with cross-multiplied utricle and saccule signals of the vestibular system, yielding gravity-dependent biases in the ability to extract shape-from-shading. We conclude that priors such as light coming from above appear to be constantly updated by neural processes that monitor self-orientation to achieve optimal object recognition over moderate deviations from upright posture at the cost of poor recognition when extremely tilted relative to gravity.
Identification of wavelengths from the visible spectrum by means of Arduino for the generation of a knowledge base managed by PROLOG
Authors: Ts’zul Pinedo Arriaga O. , Arraiga Carlos D. Pinedo , Alvarado Eduardo Herrera , Varela David Tinoco 
Published: October 2018

PROLOG is a programming language widely used in the generation of expert and intelligent systems, generally limited to data that is entered directly by a user in the form of software, having little or no interaction with data that is captured directly from a physical environment. This paper presents an implementation of an interface that detects the wavelengths of the visible spectrum, that is, identifies colors, colors that are stored in a knowledge base and then managed by PROLOG. This interface consists of two parts, software and hardware. The hardware is designed by means of the Arduino UNO development board, where a TCS3200 sensor is used. For the development of the software, two tools have been used, on the one hand, the standard programming of the Arduino IDE terminal has been used to manage the inputs and outputs of the Arduino board, and on the other hand, a data management system has been generated, in which PROLOG manages all the data obtained from hardware. This scheme seeks to generate color classifications in a dynamic and intelligent way in the future.
The proposed system has the advantage that it is highly economical, easy to perform, uses the logical paradigm of programming, and opens the way to the design of intelligent systems managed by PROLOG from a monitoring of physical variables.
Morpho-Lexicon for standard Moroccan Amazigh
Authors: Ataa Allah Fadoua , Boulaknadel Siham 
Published: October 2018

Standardized resources are key components for the development of applications related to human language technology. Therefore, it is important to adopt it for designing lexical resources, especially for less commonly resourced languages such Amazigh. This language is spoken by many North African communities, including Morocco. Due to historical, geographical and sociolinguistic factors, the Amazigh language is characterized by the proliferation of many intervarieties, which has led to a complex morphology. This latter poses significant challenge to NLP tasks, especially that Amazigh language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language (Hamito-Semitic) family, known by its non-concatenative morphology based on root and pattern.
Face to the scarcity of Amazigh language resources dealing with morphemes encoding, orthographic changes, and morphotactic variations, the elaboration of a standardized lexical resource will certainly ensure a large exchange and exploitation. In this context, this paper describes ongoing work for elaborating a morphological lexicon, based on inflected forms, for the standard Moroccan Amazigh language.
A numerical code for underwater noise propagation
Authors: Faggio Antonio , Viscardi Massimo , Coppola Tommaso , Rizzuto Enrico 
Published: October 2018

A growing attention has been recently devoted to the impact of the underwater noise field generated by shipping activities on the marine fauna. While in international treaties and conventions this problem is now well treated, from a technical point of view the quantification of the impact of underwater noise emissions from the ship is not yet consolidated.
The program created allows the user to identify the sound rays generated by source and, between these, to find the beam nearest a receiver calculating the Trasmission Loss (TL). The user enters as input data the source position, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the source, the depth of the backdrop, sound velocity profile, thickness of the layers in which the water column is divided, salinity, temperature and pH of sea water and the frequency of emission of the source to characterize the propagation environment. Through the Ray Tracing Theory, a technique of optical geometry that is based on the calculation of the path made by light the rays are shown on the screen. Then the rays closest to the receiver are identified and the program calculates the sound loss, divided into Geometrical Loss (due to distance between the source and the receiver), Dissipation Loss (due to the characteristics of the propagation environment) and Reflection Loss (due to the surfaces that delimit the field).In output the program will show the propagation field of the Sound Pressure Level through which in the future it will be possible to identify the emission limits to protect the marine fauna.
Association of Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 (MCT1) A1470T Polymorphism (rs1049434) with Forward Football Player Status.
Authors: Cięszczyk Paweł , Calò Carla Maria , Massidda Myosotis , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto , Ginevičienė Valentina , Proia Patrizia , Drozdovska Svitlana , Dosenko Victor , Scorcu Marco , Stula Aleksander , Sawczuk Marek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between the MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1) A1470T polymorphism and positional roles in a large cohort of professional football players from five different countries. We compared genotype distributions of the MCT1 A1470T polymorphism between football players (n=694) and non-athlete controls (n=781) from Italy, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine and Malta, and we analyzed the MCT1 genotype distributions with respect to the players’ positions in the field (e. g. forwards, midfielders, defenders and goalkeepers). Genomic DNA was extracted from either buccal epithelium or peripheral blood using a standard protocol. In the pooled cohort of Italian, Polish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian football players, forwards (n=148) were more likely than controls (n=781) to possess the A allele (χ2=7.067, p=0.029, FDR q value 0.116), with a greater likelihood of having the AA genotype compared with the TT genotype (OR=1.97; C.I.=1.07-3.64; p=0.021, FDR q value 0.086). The MCT1 AA genotype was significantly more frequent in forwards then in controls. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in other professional football player cohorts.
Wo wird ethisches Handeln sichtbar?
Authors: Kutzer Claudia , Rohde Katrin S. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEthische Bezüge sind bewusst oder unbewusst Bestandteil des pflegerischen Handelns. Dies beinhaltet eine Betrachtung mit allen physischen, psychischen und
sozialen Facetten. Pflege bezieht sich nicht nur auf Krankheit, sondern auf den Menschen als Ganzes.
Im Chaos der Gefühle
Authors: Handle Verena , Rungg Christine , Krims Birgit , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungKinder und Jugendliche, die unter einer depressiven Störung leiden, sind schnell suizidgefährdet oder neigen zu Alkohol- und Drogenmissbrauch. Um dem
vorzubeugen, ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose wichtig. Wie man eine depressive Störung erkennt und welche Therapiemöglichkeiten es gibt, zeigt der folgende
Beitrag.
„Es geht darum, gemeinsam ein besseres Verständnis vom Wohl eines Kindes zu entwickeln“
Authors: Rohde Katrin S. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungNorbert Steinkamp trug durch sein gemeinsam mit Bert Gordjin verfasstes Buch „Ethik in Klinik und Pflegeeinrichtung“ wesentlich zur Entwicklung der klinischen
Ethik in Deutschland bei. Der studierte Theologe und Philosoph verfügt über viele Jahre Erfahrung in der Lehre in Ethik für Pflegeberufe, als Moderator
ethischer Fallbesprechungen, in der Leitung und Mitarbeit in Ethikkommissionen, in Beratung und Training in Organisationen des Gesundheitswesens. Er ist aber
auch Theoretiker und derzeit Professor für theologisch-ethische Grundlagen sozialprofessionellen Handelns an der Katholischen Hochschule für Sozialwesen in
Berlin. JuKiP-Herausgeberin Katrin S. Rohde hat Norbert Steinkamp interviewt.
Copper-Catalyzed Azomethine Imine–Alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAIAC)
Authors: Svete Jurij , Grošelj Uroš , Požgan Franc , Štefane Bogdan 
Published: October 2018

Although the first example of copper-catalyzed azomethine imine–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAIAC) was published only a year after the seminal papers of Meldal and Sharpless on Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the CuAIAC reaction has remained overlooked by the synthetic community for almost a decade. Since 2010, however, CuAIAC reaction started to emerge as a promising supplement to the well-known CuAAC reaction. The present review surveys primarily the literature on CuAIAC reaction since 2003. Beside this, azomethine imine–alkyne cycloadditions catalyzed by other metals, selected examples of metal-free reactions, and related [3+3] and [3+4] cycloadditions of azomethine imines are presented. All these experimental data indicate the viability of CuAIAC in organic synthesis and the applicability in ‘click’ chemistry.1	Introduction2	Reactions with Acyclic Azomethine Imines3	Reactions with C,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines4	Reactions with N,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines5	Reactions with C,N,N-Cyclic Azomethine Imines6	The Mechanism of the CuAIAC Reaction7	Conclusions and Outlook
Cuestionario CAVICAVENMI: calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo
Authors: Abáigar-Pedraza Irache , Megías-Garrigós Julián , Sánchez-Payá José , Simal Sara Calvo 
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo a lo largo del estudio utilizando el cuestionario CAVICAVENMI.
Material y Método Se incluyen 180 pacientes diagnosticados de TVNMI (febrero 2013 - junio 2015). Todos rellenaron el cuestionario CAVICAVENMI en cuatro ocasiones: previo a la cirugía y la primera, segunda y tercera visita postintervención. Aquellos que reciben tratamiento adyuvante completan el cuestionario en dos ocasiones más: a mitad y final del ciclo de tratamiento. Estudiamos la variabilidad en la calidad de vida con una T-Student para datos apareados. Realizamos T - Student para muestras independientes entre el decremento porcentual (antes de la intervención frente a tercera visita postintervención) y determinadas características tumorales (tamaño, número de siembras, localización y CIS - carcinoma in situ). Realizamos un estudio de regresión múltiple para determinar valores de confusión entre las características tumorales.
Resultados Evidenciamos una mejora significativa en la calidad de vida a partir de la tercera visita postintervención en pacientes sin tratamiento adyuvante; y a partir del segundo momento postintervención en aquellos con tratamiento adyuvante. No existen diferencias significativas entre las características tumorales, pero observamos una mayor puntuación en presencia de las mismas. No encontramos factores de confusión.
Conclusiones La calidad de vida en pacientes TVNMI, presenta una mejoría a lo largo del estudio. Esos cambios son más tempranos en los apartados de percepción de enfermedad, autoestima y estado emocional. Aquellos pacientes con presencia de las características tumorales estudiadas, presentan una peor calidad de vida, aunque no es estadísticamente significativo.
Evaluation of Effect by Different Surface Treatment Agents on Retention of Custom Made Cast Metal Post and Prefabricated Glass Fibre Post-A Comparative Study
Authors: Panthi Sunny , Dutta Kusum , Singla Gaurav ,   Harpreet
Published: October 2018

AbstractPosts are widely used for restoring endodontically treated teeth with insufficient coronal tooth structure. Custom made cast metal post and core systems have a long history of successful use due to their superior physical properties. Prefabricated post systems have recently become more popular because they can provide satisfactory results, while saving time and reducing costs. Materials and Method: Post spaces were prepared in 60 extracted caries free teeth, and divided into two main groups of 30 teeth each for cast metal and glass fibre posts. These groups were further divided into 3 subgroups of 10 specimens each I) Control group without any surface treatment, II) Specimens treated with 57% ethanol, III) Specimens air abraded with 50um air borne alumina particles. Teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks prepared from a specially fabricated metal device. Posts were luted in the prepared post spaces with glass ionomer luting cement. Retentive strength was tested by Universal testing machine at 2mm/min crosshead speed. Results: Sand blasting of cast metal posts showed more significant improvement in retention compared to both control group and ethyl alcohol treated groups. In case of glass fibre posts, sand blasting significantly improved its retention compared to control group but no significant difference was observed between control and ethyl alcohol treated groups. There was also no significant difference between ethyl alcohol treated and sand blasted group. Conclusion: It was concluded that, sand blasting is an effective method to improve retention of both cast metal and glass fibre posts.
Comparison of Apical Transportation, Centering Ability and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Four Rotary File Systems
Authors: Sood Ankita , Jindal Varun , Chhabra Ajay , Arora Arvind , Vats Ankur 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical transportation, centering ability and cyclic fatigue resistance of Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems. Methods: Mesiobuccal roots of eighty maxillary molars were divided into four groups and instrumented with Hero shaper, Twisted file, Hyflex file and RACE rotary file systems with a final apical size being 25/.04. Apical deviation was assessed by the radiographic platform method that enables obtaining superimposed images of the first and last instrument used in root canal preparation in the same radiograph. Apical transportation was measured in millimeters with the aid of the AUTOCAD 2008 software. Forty canals were sectioned at 7mm from the apex and stereomicroscopic Images were taken at 6x magnification before and after instrumentation for evaluation of centering ability. The cyclic fatigue testing was conducted with the instrumentrotating freely at angles of curvature of 45 degree. Total 10 instruments were tested in each group. The instruments were rotated at 400rpm using the X-smart motor (Dentsply, Maillefer) until fracture occurred. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in apical transportation and centering ability whereas twisted files showed the maximum cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: The different rotary file systems provided minimum canal transportation and the twisted file performed significantly better in terms of cyclic fatigue resistance.
To Determine The Functional Efficacy of Led Units in Various Clinical Offices
Authors: Nabhi Kamal , Chhabra Ajay , Jindal Varun ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: Light units used for polymerization of resin composites are subject to deterioration with age, and frequent maintenance is required to maintain optimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of LED units in private dental offices in Baddi (H.P) for polymerization of resin composites. Materials and Methods: Twenty dental offices met all selection criteria and agreedto participate in the study. To measure light intensity, an analogue radiometer was used. The probe of each LED unit was placed and then measurements of light intensities were recorded for each light unit and the data was statistically analysed. Results: The light intensity of the individual units varied widely. The results revealed that there was error of 35% and a standard deviation of 155.76 among the intensities of various LED Units checked in the study. Conclusions: Light polymerization units in private dental offices displayed a wide rangein light intensity, and many had below-recommended levels. A positive linear relationship was found between light intensity and photoactivation effectiveness. Dentists should regularly monitor the condition of light units and replace deteriorating parts.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Apical Seal Produced by Three Different Thermoplasticized Guttapercha Obturation Techniques in Oval Canals
Authors: Bansal Geetanjali , Bansal Ajay , Padda Bhupinder 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability to obturate oval canals with three thermoplasticizedguttaperchaobturation techniques taking lateral condensation technique as the control. Ninety-five freshly extracted teeth were decoronated at 2mm coronal to CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using step back technique. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of 30 teeth each and one control group of 5 teeth. The group I (control group) was obturated with lateral condensation technique, group II obturated with injectable thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique, group III obturated with thermoplasticizedguttapercha with downpack and backfill technique andgroup IV obturated with core carrier thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique. The sealability of each technique was assessed by a dye penetration method. The roots were given two full layers of nail polish varnish except apical 2mm. Specimens were then immersed in India ink for 48 hours. Robertson’s technique was used to clear the specimens. The linear dye penetration was measured from anatomic apex to the deepest extent of dye penetration in a coronal direction using triocular stereomicroscope at 10 × magnification. The mean dye leakage of group I was 2.6700mm;group II 0.1713mm;group III 3.3977mm; group IV 2.3210mm. When the means of all the four groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis test the difference was found to be very highly significant with the value<.001**, meaning there by that group II is significantly better than the other three groups as far as sealing ability is concerned.