bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sesamoids in tetrapods: the origin of new skeletal morphologies
Authors: Abdala Virginia , Vera Miriam C. , Amador Lucila I. , Fontanarrosa Gabriela , Fratani Jessica , Ponssa María L. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAlong with supernumerary bones, sesamoids, defined as any organized intratendinous/intraligamentous structure, including those composed of fibrocartilage, adjacent to an articulation or joint, have been frequently considered as enigmatic structures associated with the joints of the skeletal system of vertebrates. This review allows us to propose a dynamic model to account for part of skeletal phenotypic diversity: during evolution, sesamoids can become displaced, attaching to and detaching from the long bone epiphyses and diaphysis. Epiphyses, apophyses and detached sesamoids are able to transform into each other, contributing to the phenotypic variability of the tetrapod skeleton. This dynamic model is a new paradigm to delineate the contribution of sesamoids to skeletal diversity. Herein, we first present a historical approach to the study of sesamoids, discussing the geneticversusepigenetic theories of their genesis and growth. Second, we construct a dynamic model. Third, we present a summary of literature on sesamoids of the main groups of tetrapods, including veterinary and human clinical contributions, which are the best‐studied aspects of sesamoids in recent decades. Finally, we discuss the identity of certain structures that have been labelled as sesamoids despite insufficient formal testing of homology. We also propose a new definition to help the identification of sesamoids in general. This review is particularly timely, given the recent increasing interest and research activity into the developmental biology and mechanics of sesamoids. With this updated and integrative discussion, we hope to pave the way to improve the understanding of sesamoid biology and evolution.
Occurrence of blood‐feeding terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsidae) in a degraded forest ecosystem and their potential as ecological indicators
Authors: Drinkwater Rosie , Williamson Joseph , Swinfield Tom , Deere Nicolas J. , Struebig Matthew J. , Clare Elizabeth L. , Coomes David , Rossiter Stephen J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBlood‐feeding invertebrates are emerging model taxa in biodiversity assessments, both as indicators of mammal abundance and also as sources of mammal DNA for identification. Among these, terrestrial leeches arguably offer the greatest promise; they are abundant and widespread in the humid tropics, and their blood meals can be easily assayed to establish diet. Unfortunately, terrestrial leeches are understudied, with little known about their ecology and behavior. Such information is needed to evaluate their utility as ecological indicators and to account for potential sampling biases that might arise from habitat preferences. By combining occupancy modeling and thermal tolerance assays, we determined the factors affecting species occurrence in the related terrestrial brown (Haemadipsa sumatrana) and tiger leech (Haemadipsa picta), both of which are widespread in tropical forests in Southeast Asia. We sampled both species across a degraded forest landscape in Sabah, Borneo, in wet and dry seasons, associating occurrence with habitat‐level metrics. We found that, for both species, detection probability increased with canopy height regardless of season. Additionally, increased vegetation heterogeneity had a strong negative influence on brown leech occurrence in the dry season, implying an interaction between vegetation structure and climate. However, we found no difference in physiological thermal tolerance (CTMAX) between the two species. Finally, using a reduced dataset, we found a small improvement in brown leech model fit when including mammal abundance. Our results suggest that the presence of terrestrial leeches may act as useful ecological indicators of habitat quality and potentially mammalian abundance.Abstract in Indonesia is available with online material.
On hope, loss, anger, and the spaces in between: Reflections on living with/in adoption and the role of the social worker
Authors: Gupta Anna , Featherstone Brid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article explores the findings of a study on the role of the social worker in adoption with a focus on ethics, concentrating on the perspectives of adopted people, birth parents, and adoptive parents. Their reflections challenge policy attempts that are framed around “new beginnings” for children. The focus on hope in such policy projects fails to understand that hope inevitably coexists with anger and loss. The concept of ethical trespass, with its recognition of the inevitability of harm, is explored in terms of its possibilities for recognizing the lived realities for multiple stakeholders. The mitigation of ethical trespass requires social work practices that are characterized by humility, honesty, and reflexivity.
Tessellated Shading Streaming
Authors: Hladky J. , Seidel H. P. , Steinberger M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPresenting high‐fidelity 3D content on compact portable devices with low computational power is challenging. Smartphones, tablets and head‐mounted displays (HMDs) suffer from thermal and battery‐life constraints and thus cannot match the render quality of desktop PCs and laptops. Streaming rendering enables to show high‐quality content but can suffer from potentially high latency. We propose an approach to efficiently capture shading samples in object space and packing them into a texture. Streaming this texture to the client, we support temporal frame up‐sampling with high fidelity, low latency and high mobility. We introduce two novel sample distribution strategies and a novel triangle representation in the shading atlas space. Since such a system requires dynamic parallelism, we propose an implementation exploiting the power of hardware‐accelerated tessellation stages. Our approach allows fast de‐coding and rendering of extrapolated views on a client device by using hardware‐accelerated interpolation between shading samples and a set of potentially visible geometry. A comparison to existing shading methods shows that our sample distributions allow better client shading quality than previous atlas streaming approaches and outperforms image‐based methods in all relevant aspects.
How do board ties affect the adoption of new practices? The effects of managerial interest and hierarchical power
Authors: Yoshikawa Toru , Shim Jung Wook , Kim Chang Hyun , Tuschke Anja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch Question/IssuesMost extant literature implicitly equates obtaining information through board interlocks to acting on the information. We investigate triggers that help to translate the information into action. In addition to exposure to the information by board interlocks, we suggest that the self‐interest of the individuals who create these ties and hierarchical power of interlinked firms determines the likelihood of taking actions of adopting new practices.Research Findings/InsightsUsing the action of adopting two distinctive governance practices, stock option pays or board reform, we find that sent ties and received ties affect the adoption decisions differently. Whereas sent ties reflect managerial interests, received ties derive power from a hierarchical relationship between the focal firm and the interlinked firm. Such differential nature of sent and received ties drives a differential result in terms of adopting two distinctive governance practices. We also find support for different moderating effects of firm performance on the impact of sent and received ties.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsIn this study, we incorporated the self‐interest of executives with sent ties to prior adopters and the power of directors who establish ties with prior adopters that are hierarchically positioned. By doing so, this study paints a more fine‐grained picture regarding underlying mechanisms by which information gained through ties is translated into action. This provides important insights for both agency theory and resource‐dependency theory.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsHierarchical board ties are not a unique phenomenon in Japan. We often find such ties in business groups in China, India, Korea, and some European countries. Establishing board interlocks among subsidiaries in a business group is an important governance resolution for controlling the whole business group. Hence, our findings that the ties carry not only information but also agent's interest and hierarchical power should be taken into account when a business group designs board interlocks.
Traumatic dental injuries among New Zealanders: Findings from a national oral health survey
Authors: Scott Nina , Thomson William M. , Cathro Peter R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/AimLittle is known about adult dental trauma experience at the population level. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associations of dental injuries in New Zealand (NZ) adults.Materials and MethodInformation about dental and orofacial trauma in a representative sample of NZ adults (aged 18‐94) was collected in a national oral health survey. As well as self‐reported information, the maxillary six anterior teeth were examined for signs of dental trauma. Survey weights were used.ResultsOf the 40.9% (95% CI: 37.6, 44.2) who reported previous orofacial trauma, 69.1% (95% CI: 64.3, 73.5), or just over one‐quarter of the sample, reported that this included a dental injury. More males than females had experienced orofacial trauma (51.3% [95% CI: 45.8, 56.8] and 31.4% [95% CI: 27.9, 35.1], respectively). The most common injury was a “chipped or broken tooth” (66.6%, 95% CI: 60.6, 72.1). Almost three‐quarters had sought treatment. Clinical examination revealed an overall trauma prevalence of 23.4% (95% CI: 21.0, 26.0) with more males than females affected. Some 14.9% (95% CI: 12.8, 17.2) had one injured tooth, while 6.5% (95% CI: 5.2, 8.1) had two injured teeth. The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently affected. Most participants with clinical signs of trauma had only one of the six maxillary teeth affected. The most common clinical dental trauma observation was evidence of “treatment” or an “untreated enamel fracture”, and these were more common among males and those aged 35‐44 years.ConclusionTraumatic dental injuries constitute an important public health issue. More emphasis on preventing them in the NZ adult population is warranted, and public awareness of State‐funded cover for dental injuries may need to be bolstered to enable equitable access for injury care. Overall, a greater emphasis on prevention and the importance of initial care for dental injuries could reduce the individual and societal burden.
Designing and implementing teacher policies using competence frameworks as an integrative policy tool
Authors: Halász Gábor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompetence frameworks are important tools to regulate professions and professional activities in modern societies. They can be used to ensure and improve the quality of professional work, to communicate the needs of society and clients to professionals, to orientate professional development and to support ethical professional behaviour. This powerful tool is often used by teacher policies aimed at improving the quality of teacher work. The use of competence frameworks as a quality improvement tool has been strongly encouraged by qualification frameworks based on competence descriptions. This article is a concise and revised version of one of the chapters of a study published by the European Commission proposing the use of competence frameworks as an integrative policy tool to “boost teacher quality”. It suggests that competence frameworks can be used as the core component of an integrated policy mix supporting the improvement of teacher quality in education systems. It is suggested that this “transversal” policy tool is used to ensure the coherence of various policy measures.
Teaching standards and the promotion of quality teaching
Authors: Ingvarson Lawrence 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral countries have been developing teaching standards for the purpose of providing recognition and more attractive career pathways to teachers who attain these standards. These initiatives aim to lift the status of teaching as a profession and to provide stronger incentives for professional learning. This article describes the work of a project at the Australian Council for Educational Research, the ACER Portfolio Project, designed to develop methods whereby teachers can demonstrate how their practice meets the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (www.aitsl.edu.au/teach/standards) at the ‘Highly Accomplished’ level and test them in schools for their validity and feasibility. The article describes how the Project developed an assessment framework that provided a representative sample of evidence about a teacher's practice covering the Standards, trialed portfolio tasks in schools with volunteer teachers and tested whether it was possible to train other teachers to assess their portfolio entries reliably and set standards for highly‐accomplished teaching.
A highly resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species‐rich tropical forest
Authors: Gripenberg Sofia , Basset Yves , Lewis Owen T. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Wright S. Joseph , Simón Indira , Fernández D. Catalina , Cedeño‐Sanchez Marjorie , Rivera Marleny , Barrios Héctor , Brown John W. , Calderón Osvaldo , Cognato Anthony I. , Kim Jorma , Miller Scott E. , Morse Geoffrey E. , Pinzón‐Navarro Sara , Quicke Donald L. J. , Robbins Robert K. , Salminen Juha‐Pekka , Vesterinen Eero 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe top‐down and indirect effects of insects on plant communities depend on patterns of host use, which are often poorly documented, particularly in species‐rich tropical forests. At Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we compiled the first food web quantifying trophic interactions between the majority of co‐occurring woody plant species and their internally feeding insect seed predators. Our study is based on more than 200 000 fruits representing 478 plant species, associated with 369 insect species. Insect host‐specificity was remarkably high: only 20% of seed predator species were associated with more than one plant species, while each tree species experienced seed predation from a median of two insect species. Phylogeny, but not plant traits, explained patterns of seed predator attack. These data suggest that seed predators are unlikely to mediate indirect interactions such as apparent competition between plant species, but are consistent with their proposed contribution to maintaining plant diversity via the Janzen–Connell mechanism.
Interspecific interference competition between two field cricket species
Authors: Tajima Shingo , Yamamoto Kyohei , Kuriwada Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpecies interactions, such as interspecific competition, determine population dynamics and community structure. In a park of Amami Oshima Island, Japan, two field cricket species Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet‐Serville) (Gryllidae) and Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure (Gryllidae) are dominant species. We examined the interference competition at the nymph and adult stages in the two crickets under controlled laboratory conditions. Survival and emergence rates of T. occipitalis were not affected by the density of L. equestris, whereas survival and emergence rates of L. equestris decreased as the density of T. occipitalis increased. These results showed that T. occipitalis was competitively superior over L. equestris in species interactions. We discuss inconsistency between the results and coexistence of these two species under field conditions.
Religious Leaders and the Environmental Crisis
Authors: Torabi Maryamossadat , Noori Seyed Masoud 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the presence of forward‐looking religious leaders at higher levels, there is little recognition and understanding among local‐level leaders about climate change and the irreversible impacts of global warming. This article illustrates this lack of insight among religious leaders and provides suggestions to increase their awareness of the environmental crisis and its solutions. It uses as examples Islamic teachings that Muslim muftis can use to protect the environment, and emphasizes religious leaders’ influence, roles, and responsibility in establishing justice for the earth, for the next generations, and for all creation. Although most of the facts and examples in this article are from a Middle East and North Africa Region and Islamic perspective, its arguments can be applied generally.
Our Journey Ahead
Authors: Junge Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis text is an edited version of a keynote address given in Paris on 12 March 2019 to a colloquium on “Justice and Justification” organized by the Institute for Advanced Studies in Ecumenism (ISEO, according to its acronym in French) to mark the 20th anniversary of the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (JDDJ) between Catholics and Lutherans in 1999. The article explores the origins and the reception of the JDDJ, as well as the opportunities it offers for Christians of all denominations today. It goes on to remember the Joint Commemoration of the Reformation by Lutherans and Catholics in 2016 in Lund and Malmö, Sweden, and how this was influenced by the insights gained from the Lutheran–Mennonite dialogue. The address notes how since the signing of the Joint Declaration in 1999, three other Christian World Communions have joined the declaration and highlights various upcoming anniversaries, including the 500th anniversaries of the Diet of Worms in 2021, and of the Augsburg Confession in 2030.
Women’s Ministry in Ecumenical Perspective
Authors: Parmentier Elisabeth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough discussion about the ministry of women seems to have come to a standstill as a result of arguments that don’t seem to change, the actual practices of the churches have evolved beyond doctrinal positions. In the Roman Catholic Church, many women have been appointed to positions in pastoral care and education, and even to decision‐making bodies. In the Orthodox Church, prerogatives previously reserved for nuns are beginning to be applied to lay women. But if we can entrust women with pastoral responsibilities, why is it not possible to move to include them in priestly ministry? To answer this question, we need to analyze the implicit levels of refusing the priesthood to women.
Analysis of the environmental efficiency in China based on the DEA cross‐efficiency approach under different policy objectives
Authors: Chen Lei , Wu Fei‐Mei , Wang Ying‐Ming , Li Mei‐Juan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe existing studies on environmental efficiency evaluation generally have the problem of efficiency overestimation. To solve this problem, a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross‐efficiency approach with undesirable outputs is developed to evaluate environmental efficiency from the perspectives of both self‐evaluation and peer evaluation. Then, three new evaluation strategies, namely, economic development strategy, environmental protection strategy, and win–win strategy, are proposed to reflect the needs of decision makers under different policy objectives. The proposed cross‐efficiency approach with different evaluation strategies not only realizes the cross evaluation of environmental efficiency, but also guarantees the relative uniqueness of the optimal solution on the basis of the preferences of decision makers. Combining the metafrontier DEA approach and DEA window analysis, a new cross‐efficiency analytical framework is constructed to gradually analyse the influences of policy objectives, technology heterogeneity, and dynamic correlation on the environmental efficiency. Subsequently, the environmental efficiency of China's economic development during 2006–2015 is in‐depth analysed on the basis of the proposed analytical framework, and some interesting conclusions, and some useful suggestions are obtained.
Groundwater Monitoring Using GRACE and GLDAS Data after Downscaling Within Basaltic Aquifer System
Authors: Verma Kaushlendra , Katpatal Yashwant B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission is ground‐breaking information hotspot for the evaluation of groundwater storage. The present study aims at validating the sensitivity of GRACE data to groundwater storage variation within a basaltic aquifer system after its statistical downscaling on a regional scale. The basaltic aquifer system which covers 82.06% area of Maharashtra state in India, is selected as the study area. Five types of basaltic aquifer systems with varying groundwater storage capacities, based on hydrologic characteristics, have been identified within the study area. The spatial and seasonal trend analysis of observed in situ groundwater storage anomalies (ΔGWSano) computed from groundwater level data of 983 wells from the year 2002 to 2016, has been performed to analyze the variation in groundwater storages in the different basaltic aquifer system. The groundwater storage anomalies (ΔGWSDano) have been derived from GRACE Release 05 (RL05) after removing the soil moisture anomaly (ΔSMano) and canopy water storage anomaly (ΔCNOano) obtained from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land surface models (NOAH, MOSAIC, CLM and VIC). The artificial neural network technique has been used to downscale the GRACE and GLDAS data at a finer spatial resolution of 0.125°. The study shows that downscaled GRACE and GLDAS data at a finer spatial resolution is sensitive to seasonal groundwater storage variability in different basaltic aquifer systems and the regression coefficient R has been found satisfactory in the range of 0.696 to 0.818.
Development and evaluation of appropriate, culturally adapted educational tools for Ivoirian patients with haemophilia, haemophilia carriers and their families
Authors: Lambert Catherine , Meité N’Dogomo , Sanogo Ibrahima , Lobet Sébastien , Hermans Cedric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatient education is the cornerstone of the management of chronic diseases like haemophilia. The education of patients with haemophilia (PWH), haemophilia carriers and their families requires educational materials adapted to their socio‐cultural situations for maximum effectiveness. These tools are currently lacking in developing countries like Côte d'Ivoire.AimsWe sought to develop educational materials adapted to the Ivoirian context, assess their short‐ and long‐term impacts on knowledge about haemophilia and evaluate the participants’ motivation and their satisfaction with the tools.MethodsFollowing their elaboration, the materials were administered to 71 participants (37 PWH, 29 carriers and 5 fathers), whose level of knowledge was assessed before (T0), just after (T1), and 1 year following the intervention (T2). We evaluated, analysed and compared the scores at T0, T1 and T2 and evaluated motivation at T0 and satisfaction at T1.ResultsAll participants significantly improved their skills at T1 (P < 0.001), maintaining a sustained and significant improvement at T2 in comparison with T0 (P < 0.001). In all participants, we observed a high degree of motivation towards improving their knowledge and a high degree of satisfaction with the materials.ConclusionsAppropriate, culturally adapted educational tools focused on haemophilia are now available in Côte d’Ivoire. These materials will likely contribute to improving haemophilia awareness, to implementing screening, prevention and self‐management of the disease and to positively impacting the outcomes of Ivoirian PWH in the long term.