bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons from a natural experiment: Allopatric morphological divergence and sympatric diversification in the Midas cichlid species complex are largely influenced by ecology in a deterministic way
Authors: Kautt Andreas F. , Machado-Schiaffino Gonzalo , Meyer Axel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExplaining why some lineages diversify while others do not and how are key objectives in evolutionary biology. Young radiations of closely related species derived from the same source population provide an excellent opportunity to disentangle the relative contributions of possible drivers of diversification. In these settings, lineage-specific effects are shared and can be ruled out. Moreover, the relevant demographic and ecological parameters can be estimated accurately. Midas cichlid fish in Nicaragua have repeatedly colonized several crater lakes, diverged from the same source populations, and, interestingly, diversified in some of them but not others. Here, using the most comprehensive molecular and geometric morphometric data set on Midas cichlids to date (∼20,000 SNPs, 12 landmarks, ∼700 individuals), we aim to understand why and how crater lake populations diverge and why some of them are more prone to diversify in sympatry than others. Taking ancestor-descendant relationships into account, we find that Midas cichlids diverged in parallel from their source population mostly—but not exclusively—by evolving more slender body shapes in all six investigated crater lakes. Admixture among crater lakes has possibly facilitated this process in one case, but overall, admixture and secondary waves of colonization cannot predict morphological divergence and intralacustrine diversification. Instead, morphological divergence is larger the more dissimilar a crater lake is compared to the source lake and happens rapidly after colonization followed by a slow-down with time. Our data also provide some evidence that founder effects may positively contribute to divergence. The depth of a crater lake is positively associated with variation in body shapes (and number of species), presumably by providing more ecological opportunities. In conclusion, we find that parallel morphological divergence in allopatry and the propensity for diversification in sympatry across the entire Midas cichlid fish radiation is partly predictable and mostly driven by ecology.
An analytical interface reconstruction algorithm in the PLIC‐VOF method for 2D polygonal unstructured meshes
Authors: Dai Dezhi , Tong Albert Y. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPiecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) schemes have been extensively employed in the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) method for interface capturing in numerical simulations of multiphase flows. Polygonal unstructured meshes are often adopted because of their geometric flexibility and superiority in gradient calculation. An analytical interface reconstruction algorithm in the PLIC‐VOF method for arbitrary convex polygonal cells has been proposed in this study. The line interface at a given orientation within a polygonal cell is located by an analytical technique. It has been tested successfully for four different geometric shapes that are common in polygonal meshes. The computational efficiency of the present algorithm has been compared with several published schemes in the literature. The proposed algorithm has been shown to yield higher accuracy with reduction in computational complexity. A numerical simulation of a dam‐breaking problem has been performed using the proposed analytical PLIC technique on polygonal meshes. The results are in good agreement with experimental data available in the literature, which serves as a demonstration of its performance in a real multiphase flow.
Maturational trajectories of local and long‐range functional connectivity in autism during face processing
Authors: Mamashli Fahimeh , Khan Sheraz , Bharadwaj Hari , Losh Ainsley , Pawlyszyn Stephanie M. , Hämäläinen Matti S. , Kenet Tal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized neurophysiologically by, among other things, functional connectivity abnormalities in the brain. Recent evidence suggests that the nature of these functional connectivity abnormalities might not be uniform throughout maturation. Comparing between adolescents and young adults (ages 14–21) with ASD and age‐ and IQ‐matched typically developing (TD) individuals, we previously documented, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, that local functional connectivity in the fusiform face areas (FFA) and long‐range functional connectivity between FFA and three higher order cortical areas were all reduced in ASD. Given the findings on abnormal maturation trajectories in ASD, we tested whether these results extend to preadolescent children (ages 7–13). We found that both local and long‐range functional connectivity were in fact normal in this younger age group in ASD. Combining the two age groups, we found that local and long‐range functional connectivity measures were positively correlated with age in TD, but negatively correlated with age in ASD. Last, we showed that local functional connectivity was the primary feature in predicting age in ASD group, but not in the TD group. Furthermore, local functional connectivity was only correlated with ASD severity in the older group. These results suggest that the direction of maturation of functional connectivity for processing of faces from childhood to young adulthood is itself abnormal in ASD, and that during the processing of faces, these trajectory abnormalities are more pronounced for local functional connectivity measures than they are for long‐range functional connectivity measures.
Moving beyond the organizational ceiling: Do construction accident investigations align with systems thinking?
Authors: Woolley Matthew J. I. , Goode Natassia , Read Gemma J. M. , Salmon Paul M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSerious accidents within the construction industry continue to represent an unacceptable global problem. The aim of this study was to consider the types of actors, factors, and relationships that are identified in construction investigations in a sample of Australian organizations. Based on a thematic analysis approach, we examined the actors, contributory factors, and corrective actions identified within 100 construction accident investigation reports. The extent to which these aligned with the principles of contemporary accident causation theory and the benefits associated with adopting a system‐wide approach were then assessed. Overall, the results demonstrate that accident analysis in construction has not moved beyond a human error focus and does not presently identify multiple actors and contributory factors or the interactions between them. The findings of the study offer important implications for the industry and highlight the opportunity for the adoption of systems theory–based approaches to construction accident investigation and analysis.
An alternative evolutionary pathway for the twin‐tail goldfish via szl gene mutation
Authors: Abe Gembu , Lee Shu‐Hua , Li Ing‐Jia , Ota Kinya G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe twin‐tail of ornamental goldfish provides unique evolutionary evidence that the highly conserved midline localization of axial skeleton components can be changed by artificial selection. This morphological change is known to be caused by a nonsense mutation in one of the recently duplicated chordin genes, which are key players in dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning. Since all of the multiple twin‐tail ornamental goldfish strains share the same mutation, it is reasonable to presume that this mutation occurred only once in domesticated goldfish. However, zebrafish with mutated szl gene (another DV patterning‐related gene) also exhibit twin‐tail morphology and higher viability than dino/chordin‐mutant zebrafish. This observation raises the question of whether the szl gene mutation could also reproduce the twin‐tail morphology in goldfish. Here we show that goldfish have at least two subfunctionalized szl genes, designated szlA and szlB, and depletion of these genes in single‐fin goldfish was able to reproduce the bifurcated caudal fin found in twin‐tail ornamental goldfish. Interestingly, several phenotypes were observed in szlA‐depleted fish, while low expressivity of the twin‐tail phenotype was observed in szlB‐depleted goldfish. Thus, even though szl gene mutations may produce twin‐tail goldfish, these szl gene mutations might not be favorable for selection in domestic breeding. These results highlight the uniqueness and rarity of mutations that are able to cause large‐scale morphological changes, such as a bifurcated axial skeleton, with high viability and expressivity in natural and domesticated populations.
Barriers for the development, translation, and implementation of nanomedicine: an African perspective
Authors: Saravanan Muthupandian , Ramachandran Balajee , Hamed Barabadi , Giardiello Marco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNanotechnology is a branch of science, which empowers innovation to discover new medical technologies, improving current diagnostic and treatment methods. The scope of nanotechnology focuses mainly on “technology transfer”, in which research aims to facilitate the application of recent nanoscience techniques to conventional medicine development methodologies. Nanomedicine is attractive to researchers who wish to target specific infectious diseases associated with poverty, which is highlighted through the many pertinent examples of recent breakthroughs in nanomedicine. An overview is provided in this study to highlight the barriers and implementation of nanomedicine for various infectious diseases in the African continent. Patient backgrounds provide the greatest of challenges for new technologies in terms of improving bioavailability and dosage. This review points out the current situation of nanomedicine in Africa and explores the possibility of how nanomedicine could improve patient drug regimens and wellbeing.
Epigenetics of T cell aging
Authors: Goronzy Jörg J , Hu Bin , Kim Chulwoo , Jadhav Rohit R , Weyand Cornelia M 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
T cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in their differentiation stages. Functional states are reflected in the epigenome that confers stability in cellular identity and is therefore important for naïve as well as memory T cell function. In many cellular systems, changes in chromatin structure due to alterations in histone expression, histone modifications and DNA methylation are characteristic of the aging process and cause or at least contribute to cellular dysfunction in senescence. Here, we review the epigenetic changes in T cells that occur with age and discuss them in the context of canonical epigenetic marks in aging model systems as well as recent findings of chromatin accessibility changes in T cell differentiation. Remarkably, transcription factor networks driving T cell differentiation account for many of the age-associated modifications in chromatin structures suggesting that loss of quiescence and activation of differentiation pathways are major components of T cell aging.
Review on aging process in T cells is characterized by changes in chromatin structures, many of which resemble epigenetic modifications seen with differentiation.
Specialized functions of resident macrophages in brain and heart
Authors: Nicolás-Ávila Jose Angel , Hidalgo Andrés , Ballesteros Iván 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The functions of macrophages in healthy tissues extend beyond their well-established roles as immune sentinels and effectors. Among tissues, cells of the brain and heart possess unique excitatory properties that likely demand special support. Accordingly, existing evidence demonstrates that microglia in the brain has an active role in synaptic organization, control of neuronal excitability, phagocytic removal of debris, and trophic support during brain development. In the heart, recent studies suggest that cardiac macrophages are involved in the regulation of heart homeostasis by phagocytosis, production of trophic, and immune-related factors, and by forming direct contacts with cardiomyocytes to regulate electrical conduction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms associated with the high degree of specialization of resident macrophages in both tissues, their origin and heterogeneity, and their contributions in regulating homeostasis under steady-state and pathological conditions.
Review on the ontogeny and tissue specialized functions of microglia and cardiac macrophages and their role in heart and brain homeostasis and inflammation.
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines
Authors: Watson James W. , Keren Ilai N. , Davies Robert W. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe most direct effects of wind energy development on birds are rotor blade strikes and collisions with wind turbines. Probability of a blade strike is affected by the rates at which a bird visits the rotor swept zone (RSZ), and mitigated by the behaviors it uses to avoid being struck. Between 2011 and 2013, we studied the occurrence and nature of avoidance responses of 3 nesting ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis), 5 Swainson's hawks (B. swainsoni), and 2 red‐tailed hawks (B. jamaicensis) to turbines built within their territories. Two of 10 breeding males we tracked with satellite telemetry were turbine‐collision fatalities, one during the study and the other in the following year. Collectively, nesting hawks displayed no macro‐avoidance of turbine projects and flew adjacent to or within RSZs at high rates ( = 0.8 visits/hr, 1.3 min/visit; n = 387 visits during 434 hr of observation) synchronized with morning and afternoon peaks in foraging activity. Passes through rotors accounted for 9.8% of responses. The turbine that hawks approached most closely from collective encounters on each territory accounted for an average of 29% of all visits to RSZs and visitation was greater than expected at turbines <0.8 km from nests (P < 0.001). As rotor speed increased, the frequency that hawks in RSZs flew between turbine rows increased relative to other avoidance behaviors and hawks that were potentially distracted (i.e., hunting or aggressive chasing) increased avoidance flights over and between turbines. The ability of hawks to employ evasive behaviors mitigated blade collision but allowed for close, hourly interaction with turbines that increased risk of collision. Where nesting populations of hawks are at risk, particularly ferruginous hawks, pre‐construction siting of wind turbines needs to account for nest locations and expected high rates of hawk visitation to turbines <800 m from nests. On existing projects collision risk can be reduced through operational shutdown of turbines in this zone during 2 daily peaks in hawk foraging in the vicinity where hawks nest, but a greater effectiveness can be achieved by shutdown of specific turbines associated with highest regular use. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Photoinduced Cleavage and Hydrolysis of o‐Nitrobenzyl Linker and Covalent Linker Immobilization in Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels
Authors: Claaßen Christiane , Claaßen Marc H. , Gohl Fabian , Tovar Günter E. M. , Borchers Kirsten , Southan Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLight‐induced release systems can be triggered remotely and are of interest for many controlled release applications due to the possibility for spatio‐temporal release control. In this study a biotin‐functionalized photocleavable macromer is incorporated with an o‐nitrobenzyl moiety into gelatin methacryloyl(‐acetyl) hydrogels via radical cross‐linking. Stronger immobilization of streptavidin‐coupled horseradish peroxidase occurs in linker‐functionalized hydrogels compared to pure gelatin methacryloyl(‐acetyl) hydrogels, and a controlled release of the streptavidin conjugate upon UV‐irradiation is possible. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis of aqueous linker solutions allows the identification of the main cleavage products and the cleavage kinetics. Thus, it is shown that a significant hydrolysis of the linker occurs at 37 °C. Nevertheless the system reported here is a promising controlled release scaffold for proteins and application in tissue engineering, if background releases of the immobilized drug are tolerable.
Finiteness theorem for multi‐‐bi‐Lipschitz equivalence of map germs
Authors: Birbrair Lev , Ferreira Costa João Carlos , Da Silva Sena Filho Edvalter , Mendes Rodrigo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLet be the set of all real polynomial map germs with degree of less than or equal to . The main result of this paper shows that the set of equivalence classes of , with respect to multi‐‐bi‐Lipschitz equivalence, is finite.
Cytocompatible Fabrication of Yeast Cells/Fabrics Composite Sheet for Bioethanol Production
Authors: He Bin , Zhu Xing , Zhao Changwen , Wang Guan , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEntrapment of living cells into a polymer network has significant potential in various fields such as biomass conversion and tissue engineering. A crucial challenge for this strategy is to provide a mild enough condition to preserve cell viability. Here, a facile and cytocompatible method to entrap living yeast cells into a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network grafting from polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via visible‐light‐induced surface living graft crosslinking polymerization is reported. Due to the mild reaction conditions and excellent biocompatibility of PEG, the immobilized yeast cells could maintain their viability and proliferate well. The obtained composite sheet has excellent long‐term stability and shows no significant efficiency loss after 25 cycles of repeated batch bioethanol fermentation. The immobilized yeast cells exhibit 18.0% higher bioethanol fermentation efficiency than free cells. This strategy for immobilization of living cells with high viability has significant potential application.
Effect of crystallographic orientation on stress evolution of the void in single crystal during uniaxial tensile creep
Authors: Yan W. , Wang W. , Zhao W. , Yue Z. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present study aims at exploring the stress evolution and potential crack initiation sites on the void surface embedded in nickel‐based single crystal super alloy during uniaxial tensile creep. To this aim, the crystallographic creep constitution relationship was incorporated into three dimensional finite element simulations. The simulation results showed that the stress distribution and evolution on the void surface exhibits strong dependence upon creep time and crystallographic orientation. The potential nucleation sites of creep crack on the void surface associated with differently orientated single crystals were predicted.
In‐situ composite coating on powder metallurgy master alloy fabricated by vacuum hot‐pressing sintering technology
Authors: Yang Z. , Xia J. , Jiang C. , Pan H. , Song J. , Wang S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA material consisting of an in‐situ titanium carbide reinforced nickel‐aluminide (Ni3Al) coating and a powder metallurgy master alloy was fabricated by vacuum hot‐pressing sintering technology. A metallurgical bonded, pores‐free interface between composite coating and powder metallurgy master alloy was formed at the sintering temperature of 1050 °C, pressure of 10‐4 Pa and pressing pressure of 40 MPa. The phase, microstructure and wear behavior of composite coating were investigated. The results showed that polygonal titanium carbide particulates with various sizes were homogeneously distributed in nickel‐aluminide matrix. The sintering temperature, pressing pressure and heat from as‐reactions‐formed coating green compact facilitated the pore infiltration with transiently generated liquid phases and ensured the high‐intensity metallurgical bonding between composite coating and powder metallurgy master alloy. Due to the abnormal elevated‐temperature properties of nickel‐aluminide matrix, titanium carbide particulates reinforcement and the mechanically mixed layer protection, TiC/Ni3Al‐coated parts demonstrated superior wear resistance and lower friction coefficient while compared with Ni3Al‐coated parts and H13 steel.
Influence of process chains on heat treatment
Authors: Hoffmann F. , Kleff J. , Strunk R. , Clausen B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe results of a heat treatment are influenced by the state of the material before heat treatment, e. g. microstructure, residual stresses, surface layers, etc. Consequently, different production chains can lead to differences in microstructure and distortion behavior. In this case properties as well as time and costs of hard machining after heat treatment are influenced. This paper was first published in German in HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials ©Carl Hanser Verlag, Muenchen/Germany and gives examples for the influences of production chains on thermochemical treatments such as case hardening [1].
Death‐associated protein kinase (DAPK) family modulators: Current and future therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Farag Ahmed Karam , Roh Eun Joo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSerine/threonine kinases (STKs) represent the majority of discovered kinases to date even though a few Food and Drug Administration approved STKs inhibitors are reported. The third millennium came with the discovery of an important group of STKs that reshaped our understanding of several biological signaling pathways. This family was named death‐associated protein kinase family (DAPK family). DAPKs comprise five members (DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DRAK1, and DRAK2) and belong to the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinases domain. As time goes on, the list of biological functions of this family is constantly updated. The most extensively studied member is DAPK1 (based on the publications number and Protein Data Bank reported crystal structures) that plays fundamental biological roles depending on the cellular context. DAPK1 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibits metastasis, mediates the body responses to viral infections, and regulates the synaptic plasticity and depression. For their biological roles, several DAPKs’ modulators have been reported for treatment of many diseases as well as acting as probe compounds to facilitate the understanding of the biological functions elicited by this family. Despite that, the number of reported modulators is still limited and more research needs to be conducted on the discovery of novel strategies to activate or inhibit this family. In this report, we aim at drawing more attention to this family by reviewing the recent updates regarding the structure, biological roles, and regulation of this family. In addition, the small‐molecule modulators of this family are reviewed in details with their potential therapeutic outcomes evaluated to help medicinal chemists develop more potent and selective possible drug candidates.
First line nurse managers’ experiences of opportunities and obstacles to support evidence‐based nursing
Authors: Karlberg Traav Malin , Forsman Henrietta , Eriksson Mats , Cronqvist Agneta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore first line nurse managers’ experiences of opportunities and obstacles to support evidence‐based nursing.DesignA qualitative study with a phenomenographical approach.MethodData were collected through focus group interviews with 15 first line nurse managers’ in four settings.ResultsThe results are presented in four categories of description headed: Manage the everyday work vs. evidence‐based nursing; Uncertainties about evidence‐based nursing and nursing research; Time as a reality, as an approach; and Shaping awareness—towards an active approach to evidence‐based nursing. The overarching category of description has been formulated as follows: The internal relation—how active leadership influences evidence‐based nursing. The outcome space is presented as: The individual path—how to make vision and reality become a working entity around evidence‐based nursing.