bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Risk Factors for Early-Onset Adjacent Vertebral Fractures After Kyphoplasty
Authors: Morozumi Masayoshi , Matsubara Yuji , Muramoto Akio , Morita Yoshinori , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Machino Masaaki , Ota Kyotaro , Tanaka Satoshi , Kanbara Shunsuke , Ito Sadayuki , Ishiguro Naoki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: March 2019

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To elucidate risk factors for early-onset (2 months after initial kyphoplasty) adjacent vertebral fracture (EO-AVF) after kyphoplasty. Methods: A total of 108 vertebral bodies (95 patients) were included in this study. We examined patient backgrounds, the spinal level of EO-AVFs, surgery-related factors, and imaging findings. We divided the cases into 2 groups: patients with EO-AVF and patients without EO-AVF. Univariate, correlation, and multivariate analyses were conducted to reveal the risks factors for EO-AVFs for these 2 groups. Results: EO-AVFs developed in 28 vertebral bodies; they did not develop in 80 vertebral bodies. The overall EO-AVF incidence rate was 26%. The spinal level was the thoracolumbar junction for 93% of patients and another level for 7%, thus demonstrating the concentration of EO-AVFs in the thoracolumbar junction. For patients without EO-AVF and those with EO-AVF, there were significant differences in age (76 and 80 years, respectively), preoperative vertebral angles (VAs) (17.8° and 23°, respectively), and corrected VAs (7.3° and 12.7°, respectively). Significant differences were not observed for other factors. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.661 ( P < .000), thereby showing a significantly positive correlation between preoperative VAs and corrected VAs. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio, 1.112; 95% CI, 1.025-1.206) and preoperative VAs (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.026-1.135) were covariates and that the presence of an EO-AVF was a dependent variable. Therefore, both were predictable risk factors for EO-AVFs. Conclusion: Age, preoperative VAs, and corrected VAs are risk factors for EO-AVFs after kyphoplasty.
The association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman , Veisani Yousef 
Published: March 2019

Background: Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted to assess factors that were associated to endometriosis, but there is no consistency in results. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis. Methods: In this meta-analysis, relevant studies that published in major international electronic bibliographic databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched during November 2017. The Begg and Egger’s test was used to investigate publication bias in included studies. The Q-statistic and I2 tests were carried out for measuring heterogeneity. The random-effects model was conducted to obtain pooled odds ratio. Results: Our results showed a direct association between underweight and endometriosis in woman (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.66), so underweight woman had 41% higher chance for endometriosis. However, we did not find linear association between overweight and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.18) and obesity and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.21), respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggested that underweight was a risk factor for the endometriosis, while overweight and obesity were not protective factors for endometriosis.
Is Socioeconomic Advantage Associated With Positive Health Behaviors and Health Outcomes Among Asian Indians?
Authors: Gor Beverly , Nepal Vishnu P. , Dongardive Rashmi , Dorai V. K. , Pande Mala 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The South Asian Health Needs Assessment was conducted to collect health status information on the rapidly growing Asian Indian (AI) community in the Houston area. Many were highly educated and reported high income levels, factors usually associated with better health outcomes. This study examined the relationship between socioeconomic advantage and the health behaviors and health outcomes of AIs. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from a convenience sample of 1416 AIs. Income was categorized as low, medium, and high. Descriptive statistics were generated by income categories and weighted multinomial regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of income with health behaviors and outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, health insurance, and years in the United States. Results: Income was positively associated with better self-rated health, higher body mass index, moderate physical activity, having shingles vaccine, and cervical cancer screening. Income was inversely associated with perceived stress and heart disease. However, income was not significantly associated with alternative therapies, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported overweight/obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and screening for breast, prostate, and colon cancer. Conclusions: Socioeconomic advantage was not consistently associated with positive health outcomes or desired health behaviors among AIs. We speculate that other factors, including cultural beliefs and acculturation may also impact health behaviors and health outcomes in this group. Further studies examining the influence of these variables on health behaviors and health outcomes are warranted.
Modulation of TAP-dependent antigen compartmentalization during human monocyte-to-DC differentiation
Authors: Döring Marius , Blees Hanna , Koller Nicole , Tischer-Zimmermann Sabine , Müsken Mathias , Henrich Frederik , Becker Jennifer , Grabski Elena , Wang Junxi , Janssen Hans , Zuschratter Werner , Neefjes Jacques , Klawonn Frank , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Tampé Robert , Kalinke Ulrich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) take up antigen in the periphery, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and present processed antigen fragments to adaptive immune cells and thus prime antigen-specific immunity. During local inflammation, recirculating monocytes are recruited from blood to the inflamed tissue, where they differentiate to macrophages and DCs. In this study, we found that monocytes showed high transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)–dependent peptide compartmentalization and that after antigen pulsing, they were not able to efficiently stimulate antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Nevertheless, upon in vitro differentiation to monocyte-derived DCs, TAP-dependent peptide compartmentalization as well as surface major histocompatibility complex I turnover decreased and the cells efficiently restimulated T lymphocytes. Although TAP-dependent peptide compartmentalization decreased during DC differentiation, TAP expression levels increased. Furthermore, TAP relocated from early endosomes in monocytes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal compartments in DCs. Collectively, these data are compatible with the model that during monocyte-to-DC differentiation, the subcellular relocation of TAP and the regulation of its activity assure spatiotemporal separation of local antigen uptake and processing by monocytes and efficient T-lymphocyte stimulation by DCs.
Interspecific delimitation and relationships among four Ostrya species based on plastomes
Authors: Jiang Yanyou , Yang Yongzhi , Lu Zhiqiang , Wan Dongshi , Ren Guangpeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe genusOstrya(Betulaceae) contains eight species and four of them are distributed in China. However, studies based on limited informative sites of several chloroplast markers failed to resolve interspecific delimitation and relationships among the four Chinese species. In this study, we aimed to use the whole chloroplast genomes to address these two issues.ResultsWe assembled and annotated 33 complete chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of the four Chinese species, representing 17 populations across most of their geographical distributions. Each species contained samples of several individuals that cover most of geographic distributions of the species. All plastomes are highly conserved in genome structure and gene order, with a total length of 158–159 kb and 122 genes. Phylogenetic analyses of whole plastomes, non-coding regions and protein-coding genes produced almost the same topological relationships. In contrast to the well-delimitated species boundary inferred from the nuclear ITS sequence variations, three of the four species are non-monophyletic in the plastome trees, which is consistent with previous studies based on a few chloroplast markers.ConclusionsThe high incongruence between the ITS and plastome trees may suggest the widespread occurrences of hybrid introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during the divergence of these species. In addition, the plastomes with more informative sites compared with a few chloroplast markers still failed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the four species, and further studies involving population genomic data may be needed to better understand their evolutionary histories.
Effects of early- and mid-life stress on DNA methylation of genes associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Vidrascu Elena M. , Bashore Alexander C. , Howard Timothy D. , Moore Justin B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraditional and novel risk factors cannot sufficiently explain the differential susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epigenetics may serve to partially explain this residual disparity, with life course stressors shown to modify methylation of genes implicated in various diseases. Subclinical CVD is often comorbid with cognitive impairment (CI), which warrants research into the identification of common genes for both conditions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the existing literature to identify studies depicting the relationship between life course stressors, DNA methylation, subclinical CVD, and cognition.ResultsA total of 16 articles (8 human and 8 animal) were identified, with the earliest published in 2008. Four genes (COMT,NOS3,Igfl1, andSod2) were analyzed by more than one study, but not in association with both CVD and CI. One gene (NR3C1) was associated with both outcomes, albeit not within the same study. There was some consistency among studies with markers used for subclinical CVD and cognition, but considerable variability in stress exposure (especially in human studies), cell type/tissue of interest, method for detection of DNA methylation, and risk factors. Racial and ethnic differences were not considered, but analysis of sex in one human study found statistically significant differentially methylated X-linked loci associated with attention and intelligence.ConclusionsThis review suggests the need for additional studies to implement more comprehensive and methodologically rigorous study designs that can better identify epigenetic biomarkers to differentiate individuals vulnerable to both subclinical CVD and associated CI.
Hybrid case-base maintenance approach for modeling large scale case-based reasoning systems
Authors: Khan Malik Jahan , Hayat Hussain , Awan Irfan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a nature inspired paradigm of machine learning capable to continuously learn from the past experience. Each newly solved problem and its corresponding solution is retained in its central knowledge repository called case-base. Withρ the regular use of the CBR system, the case-base cardinality keeps on growing. It results into performance bottleneck as the number of comparisons of each new problem with the existing problems also increases with the case-base growth. To address this performance bottleneck, different case-base maintenance (CBM) strategies are used so that the growth of the case-base is controlled without compromising on the utility of knowledge maintained in the case-base. This research work presents a hybrid case-base maintenance approach which equally utilizes the benefits of case addition as well as case deletion strategies to maintain the case-base in online and offline modes respectively. The proposed maintenance method has been evaluated using a simulated model of autonomic forest fire application and its performance has been compared with the existing approaches on a large case-base of the simulated case study.
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among nursing home residents without dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fornaro Michele , Solmi Marco , Stubbs Brendon , Veronese Nicola , Monaco Francesco , Novello Stefano , Fusco Andrea , Anastasia Annalisa , De Berardis Domenico , Carvalho André F. , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Vieta Eduard 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe elderly population and numbers of nursing homes residents are growing at a rapid pace globally. Uncertainty exists regarding the actual rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as previous evidence documenting high rates relies on suboptimal methodology.AimsTo carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and correlates of MDD, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder among nursing homes residents without dementia.MethodMajor electronic databases were systematically searched from 1980 to July 2017 for original studies reporting on the prevalence and correlates of MDD among nursing homes residents without dementia. The prevalence of MDD in this population was meta-analysed through random-effects modelling and potential sources of heterogeneity were examined through subgroup/meta-regression analyses.ResultsAcross 32 observational studies encompassing 13 394 nursing homes residents, 2110 people were diagnosed with MDD, resulting in a pooled prevalence rate of 18.9% (95% CI 14.8–23.8). Heterogeneity was high (I2= 97%,P≤0.001); no evidence of publication bias was observed. Sensitivity analysis indicated the highest rates of MDD among North American residents (25.4%, 95% CI 18–34.5,P≤0.001). Prevalence of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder could not be reliably pooled because of the paucity of data.ConclusionsMDD is highly prevalent among nursing homes residents without dementia. Efforts towards prevention, early recognition and management of MDD in this population are warranted.
Mutational Analysis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in CALGB/SWOG 80405 Identifies New Roles of Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden for Patient Outcome
Authors: Innocenti Federico , Ou Fang-Shu , Qu Xueping , Zemla Tyler J. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Tam Rachel , Mahajan Shilpi , Goldberg Richard M. , Bertagnolli Monica M. , Blanke Charles D. , Sanoff Hanna , Atkins James , Polite Blasé , Venook Alan P. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Kabbarah Omar 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE CALGB/SWOG 80405 was a randomized phase III trial that found no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) in patients with first-line metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy plus either bevacizumab or cetuximab. Primary tumor DNA from 843 patients has been used to discover genetic markers of OS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene mutations were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite status was determined by genotyping of microsatellites. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined by next-generation sequencing. Cox proportional hazard models were used, with adjusting factors. Interaction of molecular alterations with either the bevacizumab or the cetuximab arms was tested. RESULTS Patients with high TMB in their tumors had longer OS than did patients with low TMB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.95]; P = .02). In patients with microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) tumors, longer OS was observed in the bevacizumab arm than in the cetuximab arm (HR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.30]; interaction P < .001 for interaction between microsatellite status and the two arms). Patients with BRAF mutant tumors had shorter OS than did patients with wild-type (WT) tumors (HR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.49 to 2.71]; P < .001). Patients with extended RAS mutant tumors had shorter OS than did patients with WT tumors (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.26 to 1.84]; P < .001). Patients with triple-negative tumors (WT for NRAS/ KRAS/ BRAF) had a median OS of 35.9 months (95% CI, 33.0 to 38.8 months) versus 22.2 months (95% CI, 19.6 to 24.4 months ) in patients with at least one mutated gene in their tumors ( P < .001). CONCLUSION In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated in first line, low TMB, and BRAF and RAS mutations are negative prognostic factors. Patients with MSI-H tumors benefited more from bevacizumab than from cetuximab, and studies to confirm this effect of MSI-H are warranted.
Shared Neuromuscular Performance Traits in Military Personnel with Prior Concussion
Authors: EAGLE SHAWN R. , KONTOS ANTHONY P. , MI QI , FLANAGAN SHAWN D. , NINDL BRADLEY C. , BEALS KIM , CONNABOY CHRIS 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTConcussions are common in military personnel and may result in increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. One plausible explanation for this risk could be that neuromotor deficiencies enhance injury risk after a concussion through altered muscular activation/contraction timing.PurposeTo compare military personnel with at least one concussion during the past 1 month to 2 yr (CONCUSSED) to military branch-matched, age-matched, and Special Operations Forces group–matched controls (CONTROL) on physiological, musculoskeletal, and biomechanical performance.MethodsA total of 48 (24 CONCUSSED, 24 CONTROL) male Air Force and Naval Special Warfare Operators age 19 to 34 yr participated in the study. Participants self-reported demographics/injury history and completed the following assessments: 1) physiological—body composition, anaerobic power and capacity, aerobic capacity and lactate threshold; 2) musculoskeletal—lower extremity isokinetic strength testing, including time to peak torque; and 3) biomechanical—single-leg jump and landing task, including landing kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle. A machine learning decision tree algorithm (C5.0) and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the two groups on these outcomes.ResultsDespite nonsignificant differences using ANOVA, the C5.0 algorithm revealed CONCUSSED demonstrated quicker time to peak knee flexion angle during the single-leg landing task (≤0.170 s; CONCUSSED:n= 22 vs CONTROL:n= 14), longer time to peak torque in knee extension isokinetic strength testing (>500 ms; CONCUSSED:n= 18 vs CONTROL:n= 4) and larger knee flexion angle at initial contact (>7.7°; CONCUSSED:n= 18 vs CONTROL:n= 2).ConclusionThe findings supported the hypothesis that CONCUSSED military personnel would demonstrate altered neuromuscular control in landing strategies and muscular activation. Future research should assess prospectively neuromuscular changes after a concussion and determine if these changes increase risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injuries.
Results of re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence in anorectal cancer patients
Authors: Park Younghee , Kim Kyubo , Park Hae Jin , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Han Sae-Won , Kim Tae-You , Chie Eui Kyu 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To evaluate outcomes and toxicity profiles after re-irradiation in patients with pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer.

Methods:
25 anorectal cancer patients who received re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence between 2005 and 2015 were included. For initial treatment, all patients underwent surgical resection and preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy.

Results:
The median follow-up duration was 21.5 months (range, 2.9–84.4). After a median of 43.3 months (range, 11.7–218.5), patients received re-irradiation with a median dose of 45 Gy (range, 36–60). The equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) of re-irradiation—calculated using α/β = 10 Gy—ranged from 34.5 to 84.0 Gy (median, 46.4). Surgical resection was performed for 11 patients, and 14 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with re-irradiation. The 3-year local progression-free survival was 29.7%. The 3-year overall survival was 49.7%. Concurrent chemotherapy with re-irradiation and re-irradiation doses &gt;50 Gy EQD2α/β=10 were significant prognostic factors for local progression free survival and overall survival according to multivariate analysis. 90% (9 of 10) of patients with symptoms had improvement after re-irradiation. Among 23 patients available for evaluation of late toxicity, 12 developed late toxicities. There were no Grade 4 late toxicities, and 6 patients had Grade 3 late toxicities (small bowel obstruction, bowel perforation and fistula).

Conclusion:
Re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer improved symptoms of patients but the rate of late toxicity was high. Further investigation for patient selection is required.

Advances in knowledge:
Re-irradiation could be considered as a possible option for pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer in selected patients.
Linac-based stereotactic body radiation therapy vs moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer: propensity-score based comparison of outcome and toxicity
Authors: Franzese Ciro , D'agostino Giuseppe , Di Brina Lucia , Navarria Pierina , De Rose Fiorenza , Comito Tiziana , Franceschini Davide , Mancosu Pietro , Tomatis Stefano , Scorsetti Marta 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Prostate cancer represents the second most common malignancy in the world and majority of patients have diagnosis of localized disease. The aim of the present study was to compare two cohorts of patients treated with moderate hypofractionation (MHRT) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods:
We included patients treated between 2010 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were: adenocarcinoma of the prostate; class risks low or intermediate; WHO performance status 0–2. We evaluated rectal, gastrointestinal toxicity and genitourinary. Measures of outcome were biochemical disease-free survival and overall survival. Propensity score was used to approximate the balance in covariates.

Results:
209 patients were included, treated with MHRT (n = 109) or SBRT (n = 100). Median follow-up time was 37.4 months. Rates of biochemical disease-free survival at 1- and 3 years were 100 and 95%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.868). Rates of overall survival at 1- and 3 years were 100 and 97.1%, respectively with no differences between the two groups (p = 0.312). After propensity scoring matching, no differences were observed in terms of acute and late rectal and gastrointestinal toxicity. While mild genitourinary side-effects were more common in SBRT group (45.5% vs 19.5 %), Grade 2 and 3 toxicity was increased after MHRT (11.7% vs 2.6 %; p = 0.029).

Conclusions:
Moderate hypofractionation and SBRT are two effective and safe options for the treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. The analysis showed no difference in terms of disease’s control and survival but increased moderate and severe toxicity after MHRT.

Advances in knowledge:
Moderate hypofractionation and SBRT are comparable in terms of efficacy while moderate and severe toxicity is more common in the first one.