bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Status of Global Indices of Age-Friendly City In Tehran Metropolis (AFC)
Authors: SHARQI Ali , ZARGHAMI Esmaeil , OLFAT Milad , KOUSALARI Farzaneh SALEHI 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to assess the global indices of age-friendly city in Tehran, which have been developed by World Health Organization. Finally, the design solutions carried out based on the successful works in other countries will be presented for city of Tehran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In the present study, World Health Organization’s standard questionnaire was duplicated in 110 copies and given to urban designers and planners, rehabilitation specialists, doctors, nurses, and other aging-related professionals and experts. Then, the resulting data were imported into SPSS22 software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

FINDINGS:
The results indicated that, among 8 indices of age-friendly city including open spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion of the elderly, citizen participation and employment of the elderly, communication and information facilities, as well as health and local services, transportation factor had a more favorable condition in Tehran for the elderly and citizen participation and employment index was very inappropriate for them.

CONCLUSION:
It can be said that urban designers and researchers should deal with the planning of housing and buildings’ open spaces in a more detailed manner in their future works and pursue more accurate plans and programs in this regard. This study aims to only evaluate the mentioned issue, and special and detailed research is expected to be conducted on these two subjects in the future.
Triaxial Tests On Weak Cohesive Soils – Some Practical Remarks (Part 2)
Authors: JASTRZĘBSKA Małgorzata , KOWALSKA Magdalena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper is a continuation of the paper “Triaxial tests on weak cohesive soils – some practical remarks (part 1)” and concerns the problems related to the preparation of weak cohesive soils for triaxial testing. This part (2/2) presents detailed description and discussion of the issues related to installation of specimen in the apparatus and assembling various accessories before the main test. It is based on the Authors’ own experience and literature review. Some solutions, which make the work with weak soils easier and, at the same time, increase the reliability of the results, are suggested e.g.: the paraffin method or the use of a special frame enabling repositioning of local microdisplacement sensors during the triaxial test. The issues connected with soil sampling and forming of triaxial specimens have been included in part 1/2 of this article. In the Authors opinion, the text (parts 1 and 2) may constitute an important hint for researchers completing a triaxial testing station intended for testing weak cohesive soils.
Novel Anammox Membrane Electro-Bioreactor
Authors: ELEKTOROWICZ Maria , HOSSEINI Seyedehfatemeh , IBEID Sharif 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an alternative method for nitrogen removal using modified membrane reactor. A novel Anammox submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (Anammox-SMEBR) was developed to enhance nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. At lab scale a comparison between continuous flow MBE and Anammox-SMEBR reactors was conducted. The novel reactor removed nitrate and ammonia by over 95% and 97%, respectively. The removal was due to subsequent application of aerobic and anoxic conditions in the same reactor. On other hand, MBR was able to remove ammonia by 60 to 76%, while nitrates were produced. Simultaneously, COD and phosphorous removals in MBR were also lower than in Anammox-SMEBR.
Modernist Determinants Vs The Shape of Urban Space. The Method of Indicating Factors Which Decide About The City’s Image
Authors: RABIEJ Jan , TOMKIEWICZ Aleksandra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a scheme of research connected with the shape of an urban space and its determinants. As a basis, elements of a city and their spatial features deciding about the characteristic and individual image of an urban organism were determined. They were defined using the example of the evolution of European cities from ancient times until modernism and the analysis of various methods of characterising the tissue of a city. The reference to modernism is justified by the importance of its strategies for the development of the European urban thought. A modern model of a city, created in the first decades of the twentieth century, was the answer to the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation connected with the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Its implication brought about radical changes of the concept of shaping cities and the creation of new features of the main elements of their spatial structure.
The Newest Church Architecture In Germany. Aesthetic Aspects of Form – Analysis of Selected Examples
Authors: SERAFIN Aleksander 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of selected Christian sacral buildings realized in Germany since 2000. Because of the wide range of the question, mostly the aesthetical aspects was discussed. However, in particular cases some important symbolical and functional determinants need to be emphasized. Tendencies that are recognizable in contemporary composition of ecclesiastical architecture were also confronted with the traditions, that are characteristic for German modern architecture. This invites to reflect on the issue of cultural continuity, but what is more it allows to outline the image of the newest sacral European architecture.
Chemical Reduction of Nitrates In The Wastewater From 2-EHN Production
Authors: BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof , ŻOŁNIERCZYK Maciej 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of the research was to determine the efficiency of nitrate removal from wastewater from 2-ethylhexyl nitrate production using chemical reduction process. The average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in raw wastewater was about 5.2 g/dm3. The processes of chemical reduction were conducted both in batch and continuous flow reactor under strongly acid conditions using two reducers: steel swarf, as a source of iron, and technical grade urea. In the batch process the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 24.4% was obtained in the process modification with pre-digesting of the steel swarf in a concentrated acid. The continuous process was carried out in a single, two- and three-stage system. In order to increase the efficiency of reaction the wastewater was heated to a temperature 70–75°C. The impact of degree of wastewater recirculation, temperature and quantity of steel swarf on the reaction efficiency was evaluated. In optimal conditions (pH<1; temperature in the range of 70–75°C) the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 92.2% was obtained in a two-stage system at six times of recirculation of wastewater. However, for economic reasons as the best modification it was a triple-stage system at tenfold recirculation (effectiveness 89.3%), in which the wastewater was heated only to 34°C, i.e. the actual temperature of wastewater from the production of 2-EHN.
Use of The Electrodialysis Process For Fluoride Ion And Salt Removal From Multi-Constituent Aqueous Solutions
Authors: GRZEGORZEK Martyna , MAJEWSKA-NOWAK Katarzyna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Fluorine is a common chemical element. According to WHO guidelines, the F- ion content in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg/dm3. Excess of fluorine leads to many health problems: Alzheimer’s disease, neurological disorders or fluorosis (dental or skeletal). Fluoride can be removed from aqueous solutions by means of various methods (adsorption, precipitation, ion-exchange or membrane techniques). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of electrodialysis in fluoride removal under the presence of organic substances. During experiments solutions containing fluorides (5, 10, 100 and 200 mg F-/dm3), mineral salt (0.5 g NaCl/dm3) and organic matter (5, 10 and 15 mg/dm3 of humic acids) were used. The research was conducted with the use of the PC Cell BED-1 System. The current density was equal to 1.72 mA/cm2. It has been shown that electrodialysis is an efficient technique of fluoride removal provided that the initial concentration of F- ions is not higher than 10 mg F-/dm3. The impact of organic matter on the process run and efficiency was dependent on the fluoride content in the treated solution.
Performance Assessment of Air Conditioning Installation In Multifunctional Sports Hall Using Cfd Simulations
Authors: KOPER Piotr 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the paper was testing of the air distribution system performance in the multifunctional hall. The numerical simulations of the airflows were made with the Ansys software. Three cases with two working modes of the installation were simulated: a large sport event with audience on the stalls, an exhibition with presentation boxes and an indoor ice rink. Direct results of the simulations and statistical data were analyzed. The results showed that for the ice rink and exhibition the system performance was very good, but during the large sport event with the full audience the air temperature in the occupied zone was much higher than the desired value.
Discoloration of Dye Wastewater By Modified Uv-Fenton Process With Sodium Percarbonate
Authors: PIECZYKOLAN Barbara , PŁONKA Izabela , BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A modified Fenton process using sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and UV radiation was investigated to discoloration of dye wastewater containing Acid Green 16 (concentration 100 mg/dm3). This acid dye is characterized by the harmful effect on aquatic organisms and it may cause adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The experiments were carried out in two systems, in which two lamps were used as a UV radiation source: low pressure (system I) and medium pressure (system II). The effect of SP dosage (100-400 mg/dm3 – system I; and 100-250 mg/dm3 – system II), Fe2+/SP ratio (from 0.2 to 0.4), reaction pH (3 and 4) and reaction time (from 10 to 30 min) on colour removal efficiency was examined. The modified Fenton process was found to be very efficient for discoloration of simulated wastewater. For a system with a low pressure UV lamp the optimal doses of SP and Fe2+/SP ratio were 400 mg/dm3 and 0.2, respectively at pH 3 and 20 minutes reaction time. For a system with a medium pressure UV lamp the optimal doses of SP and Fe2+/SP ratio were 200 mg/dm3 and 0.33, respectively at pH 3 and 20 minutes reaction time. In both cases, at described conditions total visual discoloration was achieved. Better results of colour removal (concentration of Acid Green 16 was in the range of 0.64-0.96 mg/dm3) were achieved when the initial pH value equalled 3.0 than at initial pH value of 4.0 (concentration of Acid Green 16 was in the range of 0.80-6.87 mg/dm3).
Investigations Into The Resistance of Sin Girders Reinforced With Tensioned Diagonal Braces
Authors: BasiŃski Witold , Kowal Zbigniew 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The study presents the means of increasing resistance of girders with corrugated web by enhancing their shear resistance due to the application of diagonal braces subjected to advantageous tension. Diagonal braces were used in the near-support zones, which increased the shear resistance of the girder. Then, the web carries a greater shear load associated with bending. Experimental investigations on increased shear resistance of girder webs were performed using girders with webs having a height of 500, 1000 and 1500 mm. The shear force divided into the corrugated web and diagonal braces were estimated. Shear load-displacements paths for a corrugated web and diagonal braces were determined. The results of investigations into the resistance of girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces were compared with those for girders without reinforcement and with computations in accordance with Eurocode 3. The paper is the first part of the study. Conclusions were drawn and dimensioning recommendations (part two of the study) for corrugated web girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces were produced. The next part of the study will show the application of FEM numerical analysis to theoretical estimation of the ultimate and critical shear and flexural resistance of corrugated web girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces.
Vibration Propagation In Subsoil: In-Situ Testing And Numerical Analyses
Authors: Pradelok Stefan , ŁupieŻowiec Marian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents results obtained with the use of accelerometers during in-situ testing and its comparing with results from numerical simulations. Horizontal accelerations of propagating impulses caused by driving the prefabricated piles were recorded. Range of the quakes as well as amplitudes of longitudinal and transverse horizontal accelerations of propagating vibrations on the terrain surface were determined.
The recorded results were used to calibrate the numerical model of the finite element method. The most important factor influencing the propagation of impacts is the phenomenon of damping of the propagating wave in the soil. The mechanism of damping proposed by Rayleigh was used in the analysis, which, when selecting the appropriate parameters of the model, is able to realistically simulate the observed phenomena. The soil, in which the propagation of impulses occurred, was described with the use of linear-elastic model. Modulus of deformation correspond to the values of small deformations, which occur during the wave propagation in the subsoil. The impulse giving vibrations was caused by the falling hammer on the driven pile. The axial symmetry of the border condition was used in the analyses.
The results of numerical simulations were compared with the results of field measurements of accelerations at different distances from the source of vibration. A good consistency of acceleration amplitudes in the direction of vibration propagation was achieved and it depended on the distance from location of the driven pile. The obtained results will be used in the future to assess the extent of the impacts on the environment and values of acceleration on elements located in the vicinity of the structure.
Earth Structures Stability Under Rapid Drawdown Conditions
Authors: ZiĘba Zofia , Molenda Michał , Witek Kinga 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the slope stability analysis of the unmodernised section of the Groszowice separation levee in the condition of water level changes, particularly after rapid drawdown.
Based on soils field and laboratory tests, the stability analysis of the construction was conducted with GEO5 software.
For the upper levee, the utilisation degree of slopes resistance was determined according to the Eurocode 7. Calculations were conducted for normal and high water level, as well as after rapid drawdown. The analysis was carried out with the use of five most commonly applied methods.
The results have shown that at normal and high water level, the structure was stable. However, it does not correspond with its existing damages. The loss of stability was proved only under rapid drawdown conditions.
Additionally, for the central part of the separation levee, the filtration curve position was conducted with the use of the Finite Elements Method (FEM). The water seepage on the slope above normal water level explains the suffosion displacement of soil particles that occurs due to damaged slope sealing and drainage.
Contribution To The Short Measurement Method For Determining The Thermal Characteristics Of Existing Buildings: Total Heat Transmission Coefficient Estimation Based On Double Measurement
Authors: Foit Henryk , ŚWierc Agata , Foit Wojciech 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article presents the way to determine the total heat transmission coefficient of a building based on double brief measurement and its practical application. It makes use of short measurement of heat consumption in a building and is based on the energy balance. In the proposed procedure the modified external temperature was used instead of the external air temperature. The modified external temperature takes into account the operation of solar radiation and wind on the building and the effect of resistance and heat capacity of the elements of the building envelope. The obtained results were verified by comparing the average monthly heat demand for heating calculated based on the determined total heat transmission coefficient and measured value. The presented way of total heat transmission coefficient determination in the event of a careful choice of measurement days and the experience of the user in estimating the number of air changes (especially in natural ventilated buildings) can be an independent method for determining HTr
based on short measurements. The procedure shown in this publication is also the element of current development of the method performed by the authors which leads towards a larger number of measurement days.
Advanced Computational Methods In Component-Oriented Modelling Of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Processes
Authors: Gaska Krzysztof , Generowicz Agnieszka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Poland was collected 9.6 million tonnes of municipal waste in 2012 (plus update). The primary method of dealing with municipal waste collected was organized depositing them in landfills. Mixed municipal waste accounted for almost 90% of all municipal waste collected (8.6 million tonnes). Poland is one of the lowest in the EU in terms of the use energy from waste.
The analysis of complex real-time physical processes, thermal waste processing and determination of their optimal parameters requires a series of studies and detailed analysis of constituents of elementary processes (degassing, gasification, combustion). The apparent simplicity of process implementation often determines knowledge and practical experience required in their application. The relationships known and used in the design usually concern a homogeneous substance (conventional fuels) and do not correspond to the conditions and needs of processing of complex substances of a different chemical composition and physic-chemical properties. Due to the complexity of the real process, numerical calculations were carried out to simulate the operation of a waste incineration technology. For this purpose a mathematical model was developed as well as its implementation in the programming code of a high-level language. In order to calibrate and validate the model (compliance with the real process) calculations were performed on a specially prepared set of validation data. The authors analysed a group of processes that belong to one technology, looking into connections between degassing, gasification and combustion of carbonized substances in pure oxygen.
The Possibility Of Using Of Hypholoma Fasciculare Mycelium In Decolorization Of Anthraquinone Dye Rbbr
Authors: PrzystaŚ Wioletta , ZabŁOcka-Godlewska Ewa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of two fungal strains of Hypholoma fasciculare (L1 and L3) for effective decolorization of anthraquinone dye RBBR (remazol Brilliant Blue R). The main part of the work was concentrated on assessment of the influence of immobilization of biomass on the efficiency of RBBR removal. Zoo- and phytotoxicity of after process solutions were evaluated. Differences in the dye removal effectiveness between strains were observed. Decoloration of dye was more efficient in samples with mycelium immobilized on a polypropylene foam, what probably was associated with increased enzyme activity of the strains, as well as enhancement of the contact of the dye with the mycelium. Strain L3 respectively removed 100% (mycelium immobilized) of the dye after 24h and 95.8% (mycelium suspended) of the dye after 96h. For complete removal of the dye the immobilized biomass of strain L3 needs 24 hours of incubation, and L1 48h. Strain L1 completely removed the color after 96 h of the experiment, regardless of whether the biomass has been immobilized or not. RBBR dye was not toxic to Daphnia magna. The zootoxicity test indicated that usage of both strains of Hypholoma fasciculare in the discoloration of the dye RBBR is safe for the environment, since even at the highest concentrations of after processes solutions were not observed immobilization effect of Daphnia magna. In the case of phytotoxicity it has been reduced from class III to I.
Structural Behavior Of Normal And High-Strength Concrete Walls Reinforced With Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars Under Eccentric Load
Authors: Abtan Yaarub Gatia , Hassan Hassan Falah 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The solution of using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, as reinforcement in concrete structures to overcome the problems created by steel corrosion, is now widely accepted because of both its non-corrosive nature and good results shown by large investigation efforts. In this paper twenty tests had been conducted on reinforced concrete wall specimens of (800 mm height x 450 mm width x 50 or 70 mm thickness effective dimensions). Four specimens were reinforced with steel bars to be considered as References, while the others were reinforced with GFRP bars. The specimens were made using normal and high strength concrete. All specimens showed similarity in the structural behavior and load pattern, the results show that Steel reinforced walls have 28% higher ultimate load than corresponding GFRP reinforced walls, also an approximate linear increase in the failure load with increasing in flexural GFRP reinforcement in range from 40.4% to 98.8% for NSC walls and in range of 70% to 115.1% for HSC walls. The ductility of the specimen reinforced with GFRP bars is 46% higher than that of steel reinforced specimens.
Reliability-Based Evaluation Of Loss Due To Distribution Of Nonstructural Components In Height
Authors: Najafi Leila Haj , Tehranizadeh Mohsen 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Structural and nonstructural components incorporate simultaneously and correspondingly in modern probabilistic performance evaluation to make decision making parameters which is usually economic loss in a predefined level of probability. However, far greater investment, relatively limited seismically design information and dependence of nonstructural components’ normative quantities to some architectural, economic and social features contribute to exceeded loss amounts and uncertainties under nonstructural components in comparison to structural ones. This paper addresses the question of how to distribute nonstructural components in height of a building accounting for more reliable economic loss subjected to seismic excitation through application of fully probabilistic reliability approach. This purpose has been captured through proposing a new modified distribution of building nonstructural components in height for three typical steel moment frames and conducting comparative assessments for two alternative distributions of nonstructural components with office occupancy. Dealing with discussions, it could be concluded that more reliable economic losses could be gained and also reduced by more astutely situating building nonstructural components in height considering type of dominated demands in a specific story without requirement to any alternation in component’s type or quantity.