bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of South Africa’s “Boers”
Authors: Lloyd Warren 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Due to the limited research on minority entrepreneurs in Africa, this paper aims to investigate the specific motivation of the current-day Afrikaner community group in South Africa toward entrepreneurship, whether necessity- or opportunity-based, as they represent a valuable potential toward not just economic growth but a wealth of entrepreneurial cultural capital capable of partnering and sharing successfully with other ethnic community groups.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical research was conducted by quantitative analysis where data were gathered from a random sample of 648 respondents of an online survey. The ten-item achievement motives scale (AMS-R) was used to measure the distinct hope of success (HS) and fear of failure (FF) motives in McClelland’s need for achievement (nAch). The survey was conducted by the writer as part of an alternative study, and the data were analysed using SPSS v23.

Findings
The research determined no significant differences between HS (opportunity motivation) between specified age groups, but for FF (necessity motivation), there were statistical differences. This then disproved the stated hypothesis that current and nascent Afrikaner entrepreneurs are indifferent between the two motives. Along with this, it was found that there exists an overall high HS motive in the Afrikaner community, suggesting a high propensity toward the desired opportunity motivated entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited to nAch motivation within the single minority group of Afrikaners in South Africa. Implications for future research could be further comparison to other groups, both minority immigrant and “home” cultural groups, and the value of this as it relates to economic growth and knowledge sharing contexts.

Practical implications
The overall high HS motivation seen in the results should be reassuring for policymakers, on the basis that opportunity motivation is a key driver of economic growth and the value as it relates to knowledge sharing from the Afrikaner group to poorer community groups.

Social implications
South Africa, with a large poor community, and one of the lowest entrepreneurial rates in the world, is desperately in need of economic growth that the potential of partnerships with Afrikaner entrepreneurs contain, both from economic growth and knowledge sharing contexts. The high-opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship seen in the Afrikaners community suggests that there exists the willingness for such partnerships.

Originality/value
This paper provides empirical confirmation of the high opportunity entrepreneurial motive in nascent Afrikaners and provides a positive motivation for developing policies to harness this opportunity through initiatives and partnerships linking Afrikaner and black communities.
A comparative analysis of dimensions of COO and animosity on industrial buyers’ attitudes and intentions
Authors: Meshreki Hakim , Ennew Christine , Mourad Maha Moustafa 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Country of origin (COO) is well established as an extrinsic product cue that influences buyer behavior in the business-to-business (B2B) context. However, non-product-specific attitudes to a COO, including the notion of animosity, have received rather less attention. This paper aims to investigate COO as a multi-dimensional construct and animosity as a normative dimension of buyers’ attitudes and intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
The work is based on data collected from industrial buyers in Egypt and Canada to enable a comparative perspective between developing and developed countries. Structural equation modeling was used to test the study’s hypotheses.

Findings
Country of manufacture was an antecedent of perceived quality and a determinant of brand evaluation in both countries. Price was an antecedent of perceived risk and value in Egypt, while its impact on perceived risk was less pronounced in Canada. Perceived value was the strongest determinant of willingness to buy, while animosity played a significant role in this respect in Canada but not in Egypt.

Research limitations/implications
Country of brand was not included as a dimension to be investigated; industry type was not controlled and may confound the results; and generalization of the results is limited given the cross-sectional approach.

Originality/value
The study’s contribution lies in four main elements, viewed individually and in combination: investigating a large number of COO constructs that have not been studied within a single research context in B2B before; including the animosity construct in a B2B setting; contrasting “benefit received” and “sacrifice given” constructs that help to shape industrial buyers’ purchase decisions; and carrying out the research in two very different countries to help improve the generalizability of results.
Does valence of product review matter?
Authors: Bi Nicky Chang , Zhang Ruonan , Ha Louisa 
Published: November 2018

PurposeAs YouTubers began to create videos about their personal experience of using products, these video testimonials have become a powerful form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This study aims to investigate the mediating role of self-effect and third-person effect in the relationships between eWOM seeking and passing along YouTube product review videos (video-based eWOM – vWOM) as a specific form of eWOM.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used a survey to interview a total of 282 respondents at a public university in the Midwest USA with about 18,000 students.FindingsThe results show that perceived third-person effect leads to sharing more positive vWOM, while perceived self-effect results in a high likelihood of passing along negative vWOM. The general eWOM consumption does not have a direct effect on the sharing of vWOM. In addition, the YouTube sharing habit contributes to sharing vWOM regardless of valence.Practical implicationsThe results provide marketers’ insights on how to utilize the social media such as YouTube to improve the visibility of promotional brand messages. Sharing of positive vWOM is due to perceived third-person effect (presumed influence), but sharing negative vWOM is due to perceived self-effect. It also suggests marketers take immediate remedial measures to avoid spreading of negative reviews to other users because if viewers are persuaded to think it could happen to themselves as well, they will spread the video.Originality/valueThe paper has theoretical implications. It contributes to the third-person effect and presumed influence literature by exploring its role in spreading the word for products. It also fills the gap in effects of eWOM literature by examining the mediating role of the valence of video-based eWOM in the spread of eWOM.
Evaluating policy approaches for tackling informal entrepreneurship
Authors: Horodnic Ioana Alexandra , Williams Colin C. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeWhen tackling the informal economy, an emergent literature has called for the conventional rational economic actor approach (which uses deterrents to ensure that the costs of undeclared work outweigh the benefits) to be replaced or complemented by a social actor approach which focusses upon improving tax morale. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of these two policy approaches in reducing informal sector entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate this, data are reported from a 2015 representative survey involving 1,384 face-to-face interviews with owners or managers of small businesses in three South-Eastern European countries, namely, Croatia, Bulgaria and FYR Macedonia.FindingsThe findings provide support for the “social actor” approach and display that small businesses have a greater propensity to perceive competitors as operating informally when the level of tax morale is lower. Meanwhile, no support for the deterrence measures of the “rational economic actor” model is reported.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of the study is that the paper is not able to display the reasons for the low level of tax morale and horizontal trust. Therefore, further in-depth qualitative research is necessary to explain whether and how the low levels of trust are determined by the failures of various formal institutions.Originality/valueThis is the first known study on small businesses which analyses simultaneously two distinct policy approaches that aim to reduce participation in informal entrepreneurship.
Seeking “better ways”: early career faculty researcher development
Authors: Robbins Claire K. , LePeau Lucy A. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeResearcher development is an important but underexplored topic with implications for knowledge production, graduate education, faculty development and equity in higher education. The purpose of this constructivist instrumental case study was to understand how the process of writing and publishing from qualitative dissertations sparked researcher development among two pre-tenure faculty members in higher education.Design/methodology/approachTwo researchers and seven data sources (i.e. six essays and one dialogue transcript) were used to construct the case. Researchers first inductively and independently coded the data sources. Researchers then collectively used the constant comparative technique (Charmaz, 2014) for data analysis.FindingsData analysis uncovered an iterative, three-phase process of seeking “better ways” (Evans, 2011) to translate dissertations into publications. This process included (1) recognizing one or more issues in the research design or conveyance of data, (2) rallying in a multitude of ways to seek better ways to address the issue(s) and (3) resolving the issue(s) by following internal voices and finding “better ways”.Originality/valueFindings offer implications for faculty members’ approaches to mentoring and graduate preparation, and for postdoctoral and early career scholars’ agentic approaches to publishing, teaching and reflecting on one’s own researcher development.
Participation of doctoral students in online social networks
Authors: Tauginienė Loreta , Kalinauskaitė Rima 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the use of online social networks by doctoral students.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative online survey was conducted – 448 doctoral students from 15 universities and 11 research institutes in Lithuania were asked about their participation in both academic and non-academic online social networks.FindingsThe results show that despite efforts to link academics to society, doctoral students are not supported by universities/research institutes nor are doctoral students trained for this purpose, including regarding such threats as offensive posts. Additionally, more comprehensive information is disclosed in academic social networks, but these networks are less common and less frequently used.Research limitations/implicationsInternational doctoral students in Lithuania cover about 4.4 per cent of the total population of doctoral students. They were not invited to participate in the survey. Furthermore, doctoral students consider any online social network as their professional (academic) network, as was found from our results. This resulted in the confusion of our definition of academic online social networks.Practical implicationsLearning about the diverse online roles doctoral students may take could be facilitated were doctoral students to receive clear and consistent awareness-raising and develop self-awareness in the importance of the roles, the most central online social networks and potential threats, and related institutional support to address them.Originality/valueThis study provides results on how engagement of doctoral students in online social networks might affect their links with society and what academic institutions should promote in doctoral education.
Know Your Enemy: Peter Chalmers Mitchell, British Military Intelligence and the Understanding of German Propaganda in the First World War
Authors: MONGER DAVID 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines the wartime career of Peter Chalmers Mitchell, who set aside his role as Secretary of the London Zoological Society for a wartime career in the War Office, as part of the larger ‘mobilization of intellect’ undertaken by wartime states. During his time at MI7b, Chalmers Mitchell produced an extensive report on German propaganda, intended to inform officials and propagandists of its content in order to assist Britain's own propaganda efforts. However, his attempt to provide an ‘objective and unbiased . . . presentation of facts’ was undermined by prejudice, complacency, presumption of expertise and the tailoring of discussion towards the tastes of his audience. The article explores Chalmers Mitchell's pre‐war and wartime connections with and writing about Germany before assessing his report and briefly exploring possible connections between it and later British propaganda. It argues that, as a scientist, he was accustomed to producing ‘consensible’ knowledge capable of obtaining scholarly consensus because it followed established conventions. While he traded upon his scientific expertise in earlier public interventions about Germany, this was not highlighted in his report. Instead, because he was writing for officials and workers in a government department, his account was made consensible for its audience by confirming what they already thought. It thus discouraged rather than encouraging more complex British approaches to propaganda in the war's last years.
Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine Jinlida granules as an add‐on therapy for type 2 diabetes: A system review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lian Fengmei , Jin De , Bao Qi , Zhao Yiru , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundJinlida granules are a commonly prescribed oral medication in China used in combination with antidiabetic drugs to lower blood glucose. The aim of this study was to systematically identify and pool the findings of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Jinlida granules as add‐on therapy for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThe China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wang Fang, PubMed, China biology medicine (CBM), and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) databases were searched for papers regarding the effects of Jinlida granules in T2D published before 1 July 2018. A pooled analysis of extracted data was performed using random‐effects models.ResultsIn all, data were retrieved for 15 studies including 1810 individuals. Decreases in HbA1c were greater in groups receiving Jinlida granules as add‐on therapy compared with control groups (n = 1820; mean difference − 0.66; 95% confidence interval − 0.72, −0.60; P < 0.00001; I2 = 38%). In addition, Jinlida granules reduced body mass index and had beneficial effects on homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. No obvious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsFindings from this meta‐analysis demonstrate additional benefits of Jinlida granules as an add‐on therapy for T2D and that Jinlida granules are generally safe. Treatment with Jinlida granules provided clinically and statistically significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour post‐load glucose, and HbA1c levels in patients with T2D. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and study limitations.
Primary posterior perineal hernia: Incidental CT diagnosis of a rare pelvic floor hernia
Authors: Mistry Vijay , Halder Arani , Saad Nivene 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPerineal hernias are rare, protruding through a defect, congenital or acquired, of the pelvic floor musculature with intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal content. Anatomically they can be classified as anterior and posterior based on the position relative to the superficial transverse perineal muscle. We present a case of a rare primary posterior perineal hernia that was identified incidentally on computed tomography.
Lymph nodes as barriers to T‐cell rejuvenation in aging mice and nonhuman primates
Authors: Thompson Heather L. , Smithey Megan J. , Uhrlaub Jennifer L. , Jeftić Ilija , Jergović Mladen , White Sarah E. , Currier Noreen , Lang Anna M. , Okoye Afam , Park Byung , Picker Louis J. , Surh Charles D. , Nikolich‐Žugich Janko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn youth, thymic involution curtails production of new naïve T cells, placing the onus of T‐cell maintenance upon secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). This peripheral maintenance preserves the size of the T‐cell pool for much of the lifespan, but wanes in the last third of life, leading to a dearth of naïve T cells in blood and SLO, and contributing to suboptimal immune defense. Both keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and sex steroid ablation (SSA) have been shown to transiently increase the size and cellularity of the old thymus. It is less clear whether this increase can improve protection of old animals from infectious challenge. Here, we directly measured the extent to which thymic rejuvenation benefits the peripheral T‐cell compartment of old mice and nonhuman primates. Following treatment of old animals with either KGF or SSA, we observed robust rejuvenation of thymic size and cellularity, and, in a reporter mouse model, an increase in recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in the blood. However, few RTE were found in the spleen and even fewer in the lymph nodes, and SSA‐treated mice showed no improvement in immune defense against West Nile virus. In parallel, we found increased disorganization and fibrosis in old LN of both mice and nonhuman primates. These results suggest that SLO defects with aging can negate the effects of successful thymic rejuvenation in immune defense.
Scoping the impact of curriculum and placement on the rural pharmacy workforce
Authors: Taylor Selina M. , Glass Beverley D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this review was to scope the impact of university rural curriculum and rural clinical placements on students’ intentions to practise rurally and rural pharmacists’ choice of rural practice.DesignThe scoping review used Arskey and O'Malley's methodological framework, searching the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Informit and Scopus. This scoping review followed PRISMA for article reporting.SettingStudies were selected from those conducted in Australia, USA, Canada and Africa.ParticipantsPharmacy undergraduate students, interns, registered and academic pharmacists were included.Main Outcome MeasureThe pharmacy curriculum at universities and placements undertaken, specifically in rural and remote settings, were evaluated to determine their influence on intention to practise as a rural pharmacist.ResultsThe search strategy generated 294 records, 31 of which were included in the scoping review. Key findings were mapped to two domains, which broadly included the impact of rural placements and curriculum on intention to practise rurally. Some universities have attempted to introduce a rural curriculum, but reported resources as a barrier and the lack of resulting evidence of students’ intention to practise rurally. Although results indicate rural placements have had a positive influence on students’ intention to work rurally, this intention has been measured immediately after exposure to rural practice and might not reflect future intentions.ConclusionThis review highlights significant gaps in the impact particularly of a rural curriculum and rural clinical placements in relation to the current rural pharmacist workforce. A greater understanding of this topic may guide recommendations for future strategies to address rural pharmacy workforce maldistribution.
Reproduction, fear of childbirth and obstetric outcomes in women treated for fear of childbirth in their first pregnancy: A historical cohort
Authors: Möller Louise , Josefsson Ann , Lilliecreutz Caroline , Gunnervik Christina , Bladh Marie , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionAbout 8% of the pregnant women in Sweden receive counseling for fear of childbirth (FOC) during pregnancy. Little is known about the long‐term reproductive and obstetric outcomes after counseling for FOC: Therefore, the objective of this historical cohort study was to compare the long‐term reproductive and obstetric outcomes in women treated for FOC in their first pregnancy to women without FOC.Material and methodsAll nulliparas consecutively referred for treatment of severe FOC between 2001 and 2007 (n = 608) were compared with all other nulliparas giving birth on the same day (n = 431). Women who were not fluent in Swedish, missing a postal address, had moved out of the area, given birth at another hospital or had a late spontaneous abortion were excluded (n = 555). A total of 235 women agreed to participate in the study, 63 (39%) women in the index group and 172 (53%) in the reference group. The women were contacted by letter in 2015, ie 7‐14 years after first childbirth, and asked to permit access to their medical charts from pregnancies and childbirths and to fill out a study specific questionnaire. Based on data from the medical charts and questionnaire, the mode of delivery, birth experience, obstetric complications, FOC, counseling for FOC and number of childbirths were compared in the two groups.ResultsWomen in the index group less often gave birth more than twice compared with the reference group (8.2% vs 22.0%, P = 0.012). We found no significant differences in complications during subsequent pregnancies and deliveries. Women in the index group more often gave birth by CS in their first (P = 0.002) and second childbirth (P = 0.001), more often had a less positive birth experience (index group NRS: median 6.0, interquartile range 6 vs reference group NRS: 7.0, interquartile range 5, P = 0.004) in their first delivery and more often received counseling for FOC (58.7% vs 12.5%, P < 0.001) in subsequent pregnancies. Women in the index group more often experienced FOC (18% vs 5.3%, P = 0.001) 7‐14 years after first childbirth.ConclusionsFOC is not easily treated. Despite treatment and exposure to childbirth many women received treatment in their next pregnancy and still suffered from FOC 7‐14 years after the first childbirth.