bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of an intravenous and oral dose of enrofloxacin in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
Authors: Leiberich Marion , Krebber Ralph , Hewetson Michael , Marais Johan , Naidoo Vinny 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSouth Africa currently loses over 1000 white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) each year to poaching incidents, and numbers of severely injured victims found alive have increased dramatically. However, little is known about the antimicrobial treatment of wounds in rhinoceros. This study explores the applicability of enrofloxacin for rhinoceros through the use of pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling. The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were evaluated in five white rhinoceros after intravenous (i.v.) and after successive i.v. and oral administration of 12.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin. After i.v. administration, the half‐life, area under the curve (AUCtot), clearance and the volume of distribution were 12.41 ± 2.62 hr, 64.5 ± 14.44 μg ml−1 hr−1, 0.19 ± 0.04 L h−1 kg−1, and 2.09 ± 0.48 L/kg, respectively. Ciprofloxacin reached 26.42 ± 0.05% of the enrofloxacin plasma concentration. After combined i.v. and oral enrofloxacin administration oral bioavailability was 33.30 ± 38.33%. After i.v. enrofloxacin administration, the efficacy marker AUC24: MIC exceeded the recommended ratio of 125 against bacteria with an MIC of 0.5 μg/mL. Subsequent intravenous and oral enrofloxacin administration resulted in a low Cmax: MIC ratio of 3.1. The results suggest that intravenous administration of injectable enrofloxacin could be a useful drug with bactericidal properties in rhinoceros. However, the maintenance of the drug plasma concentration at a bactericidal level through additional per os administration of 10% oral solution of enrofloxacin indicated for the use in chickens, turkeys and rabbits does not seem feasible.
Stories of becoming: implications of future‐oriented theories for a vital literacy education
Authors: Enciso Patricia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrawing on a multi‐year qualitative study of immigrant and non‐immigrant youth storytelling, I describe youth's imaginative labour as they constructed and moved into one another's worlds. I argue that although multicultural literature is vital for affirming and expanding youth perspectives on their own and others' worlds, the publishing industry lags behind the immediate needs of immigrant youth to be understood and heard as fully human. Storytelling, in the form of co‐narration, creates an imaginative space of uncertainty and playfulness for inviting possible futures into mutual awareness and interpretation. Using two storytelling episodes as illustrations and drawing on contemporary sociocultural and decolonizing theories, I outline four ways future‐oriented teaching and research may be realized: (1) rename the world, by considering ‘what if’, (2) reframe narratives of damage so that narratives of desire may be foregrounded, (3) contribute to a more just and equal world rather than merely participate in existing practices and (4) reclaim childhoods for freedom and exploration, especially in our relations with Black and Brown youth who are perceived in adult terms much earlier than their White peers. I argue, overall, that we must understand and develop a contemporary theory of imagination in order to meet the challenges of future‐oriented literacy teaching and research.
Association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of atrial fibrillation in adult individuals: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Dauriz Marco , Sandri Damiano , Bonapace Stefano , Zoppini Giacomo , Tilg Herbert , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsRecent studies examined the association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults, but the findings have been inconsistent. We provided a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of AF.MethodsWe searched publication databases using predefined keywords to identify observational studies (published up to December 14, 2018), in which NAFLD was diagnosed by biopsy, imaging or biochemistry and AF was diagnosed by medical history and electrocardiograms. Data from selected studies were extracted and meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modelling.ResultsNine cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies were included in the final analysis (n = 364 919 individuals). Meta‐analysis of data from 5 cross‐sectional studies showed that NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of prevalent AF (random‐effects odds ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.38‐3.10; I2 = 54.7%), independent of age, sex, body mass index, hypertension and other common AF risk factors. This risk was particularly high among patients with established diabetes (n = 1 study; random‐effects odds ratio 5.17, 95% CI 2.05‐13.02). Meta‐analysis of data from 4 longitudinal studies showed that NAFLD was independently associated with a 10‐year increased risk of incident AF only in type 2 diabetic patients (n = 1 study; random‐effects hazard ratio 4.96, 95% CI 1.42‐17.28). Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. Funnel plots did not reveal significant publication bias.ConclusionsNAFLD is associated with an increased risk of AF in middle‐aged and elderly individuals (especially in those with type 2 diabetes). However, the observational design of the eligible studies does not allow for proving causality.
The influence of HE history, HE status and neuropsychological test type on learning ability in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Zarantonello Lisa , Turco Matteo , Formentin Chiara , Izquierdo‐Altarejos Paula , Vuerich Anna , Barcenas Jimenez Maria J. , Montoliu Carmina , Felipo Vicente , Angeli Paolo , Amodio Piero , Montagnese Sara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsLearning ability may be impaired in patients with a history of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). The aim of this study was to compare performance on the first/second attempt at a series of tests.MethodsTwo hundred and fourteen patients with cirrhosis were enrolled. On the day of study, 41% were classed as unimpaired, 38% as having minimal HE and 21% as having mild OHE; 58% had a history of OHE. Performance was compared between two versions of the trail‐making test A (TMT‐A), and between the first/second half of a simple/choice reaction time (sRT and cRT), and a working memory test (ScanRT).ResultsBoth patients with and without OHE history improved in TMT‐A, sRT and ScanRT. Only patients with no OHE history improved in cRT. All patients, regardless of their HE status on the day of study, improved in TMT‐A and sRT. Only patients with mild OHE on the day of study improved in cRT. Only unimpaired patients improved in ScanRT. When OHE history and HE status on the day of study were tested together, only HE status had an effect. The same held true when age, the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and educational attainment were adjusted for.ConclusionsHE status on the day of study and the type of neuropsychological test had an effect on learning ability in a well‐characterized group of patients with cirrhosis.
A new factor controlling cell envelope integrity in Alphaproteobacteria in the context of cell cycle, stress response and infection
Authors: Beroual Wanassa , Biondi Emanuele G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe bacterial envelope is a remarkable and complex compartment of the prokaryotic cell in which many essential functions take place. The article by Herrou and collaborators (Herrou et al., in press), by a clever combination of structural analysis, genetics and functional characterization in free‐living bacterial cells and during infection in animal models, elucidates a new factor, named EipA, that plays a major role in Brucella spp envelope biogenesis and cell division. The authors demonstrate a genetic connection between eipA and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, specifically genes involved in the synthesis of the O‐antigen portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Beyond its crucial role in Brucella physiology, the conservation of EipA in the class Alphaproteobacteria urges microbiologists to pursue future investigation of its homologs in other species belonging to this important group of bacteria.
Subepidermal calcified nodule on the periungual finger successfully treated with ablative carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Weig Emily A. , Roth Gretchen M. , Ferguson Nkanyezi N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubepidermal calcified nodules are lesions that primarily affect children and are most commonly located on the head. The current standard of treatment for these is surgical excision. However, surgical excision is not always possible and may not be cosmetically favorable. We describe the use of a CO2 laser as a successful treatment for a subepidermal calcified nodule of the finger.
Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the once‐daily treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris in a preadolescent population
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Sugarman Jeffrey L. , Guenin Eric , Harris Susan , Bhatt Varsha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (acne) is a common skin condition in children and adolescents. Efficacy of tretinoin is well documented in studies that included pediatric patients (12‐18 years of age). With acne routinely presenting in younger patients, data are needed in this important group. Lotion formulations are commonly used across dermatology and are well liked by patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel once‐daily tretinoin 0.05% lotion in preadolescent subjects (≤ 13 years) with moderate‐to‐severe acne.MethodsPost hoc analysis of two multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled phase 3 studies in moderate‐to‐severe acne. Preadolescent subjects (N = 154) randomized (1:1) to receive tretinoin 0.05% lotion or vehicle, once daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included changes in baseline inflammatory/noninflammatory lesions and treatment success (at least 2‐grade reduction in Evaluator's Global Severity Score [EGSS] and clear/almost clear). Safety, adverse events (AEs), and cutaneous tolerability evaluated throughout.ResultsAt Week 12, mean percent reduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts were 49.5% and 44.0% compared with 31.4% and 18.8% with vehicle (both P = 0.001). Treatment success was achieved by 23.7% of subjects by Week 12, compared with 7.2% (P = 0.009). The majority of AEs were mild and transient: most frequently were application site pain (5.6%) and application site dryness (2.8%). Local cutaneous safety and tolerability assessments were generally mild‐to‐moderate and improved by Week 12.ConclusionsTretinoin 0.05% lotion was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving treatment success and reducing inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in preadolescent acne. It was well tolerated, with all treatment‐related AEs deemed mild or moderate.
New Data for Investigating the President’s Legislative Program: OMB Logs and SAPs*
Authors: Kernell Samuel , Larocca Roger , Liu Huchen , Rudalevige Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article introduces two newly available sources of data on presidents’ legislative programs. The first consists of administration legislative initiatives cleared by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for submission to Congress. We refer to these records as “OMB logs” because they record OMB’s clearance actions on executive‐branch legislative proposals. The second consists of memoranda, officially called Statements of Administration Policy, that OMB sends to floor leaders detailing the president’s position on legislation pending floor consideration. We compare these new data on presidents’ legislative initiatives and policy preferences with those contained in currently available sources—The Public Papers of the Presidents and Congressional Quarterly’s scoring of presidential positions on roll‐call votes—and with a long available but seldom used fifth source, the Congressional Record. Both new data sources list bills and legislative preferences that are not included in the currently available sources. We illustrate the value of these new data by calculating presidents’ impressive “legislative effectiveness” in the House when all presidential initiatives are taken into account.
Cluster‐based permutation tests of MEG/EEG data do not establish significance of effect latency or location
Authors: Sassenhagen Jona , Draschkow Dejan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCluster‐based permutation tests are gaining an almost universal acceptance as inferential procedures in cognitive neuroscience. They elegantly handle the multiple comparisons problem in high‐dimensional magnetoencephalographic and EEG data. Unfortunately, the power of this procedure comes hand in hand with the allure for unwarranted interpretations of the inferential output, the most prominent of which is the overestimation of the temporal, spatial, and frequency precision of statistical claims. This leads researchers to statements about the onset or offset of a certain effect that is not supported by the permutation test. In this article, we outline problems and common pitfalls of using and interpreting cluster‐based permutation tests. We illustrate these with simulated data in order to promote a more intuitive understanding of the method. We hope that raising awareness about these issues will be beneficial to common scientific practices, while at the same time increasing the popularity of cluster‐based permutation procedures.
Development of specific fetometric formulas of ICC and BP for predicting the parturition date in Maine Coon queens
Authors: Socha Piotr , Janowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2019

ContentsThe objective of study was to derive specific growth curves of ICC and BP for Maine Coon. Twenty‐three pregnant queens aged 1–6 years, with body weight of 4.5–7.6 kg, were included in the study. In each queen, serial ultrasonographic examinations of pregnancy were performed through the abdomen with the MyLab Gold Vet scanner with a 6.6–7.5 MHz microconvex probe (Turin, Italy). ICC or BP was measured, depending on the stage of pregnancy. Each examination was regarded as a separate observation. In 18 queens, ICC was measured 33 times, and in 21 queens, BP was measured 60 times. The linear regressions of specific models of ICC and BP in Maine Coon pregnancies and specific formulas for predicting the parturition date in this breed were derived. The ICC formula was: days before parturition (DBP) = −0.79 * mm + 57.9, and the BP formula was: DBP = −1.86 * mm + 49.3. The proposed fetometric formulas of ICC and BP for Maine Coons after application in clinical patients can improve obstetric management in this breed.
Effectiveness of different oral health education interventions in visually impaired school children
Authors: Tiwari Barkha S. , Ankola Anil V. , Jalihal Sagar , Patil Pratibha , Sankeshwari Roopali M. , Kashyap Bhargava R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the oral hygiene status, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in visually impaired children before and after imparting 3 different modes of oral health education.Methodology and resultsThe present study was a nonrandomized interventional study conducted among visually impaired school children. Ninety visually impaired children aged 12–15 years were selected by lottery method and divided into 3 groups (30 children each). Group 1: ATP (audio, tactile, performance technique), Group 2: Braille, and Group 3: ATP + Braille. Twenty‐item verbal questionnaire was developed to record their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding oral hygiene before and after imparting oral health education. The oral hygiene status was recorded and compared using plaque and gingival index after 21‐day, 1‐, 6‐, and 9‐month interval. ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc, repeated measures ANOVA, and McNemar test were used. Group 3 showed highest percentage of reduction in plaque (55%) and gingival (52%) scores when compared with Group 1 and Group 2.ConclusionThe combination of ATP (audio, tactile, and performance technique) and Braille is an effective way to improve oral hygiene status in visually impaired children. The KAP among these children also improved significantly after imparting oral health education.
Parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients: Indications, methods, and consequences
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ortiz María E. , Pendón‐Ruiz de Mier María V. , Rodríguez Mariano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSecondary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by increased PTH synthesis and secretion, is often seen in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Excessive proliferation of parathyroid cells leads to the development of diffuse hyperplasia that subsequently progresses to nodular histology. Refractory hyperparathyroidism occurs when parathyroid glands fail to respond to medical therapy. Parathyroidectomy (PTX), surgical resection of parathyroid glands, is usually performed in cases of persistent serum levels of PTH above 1000 pg/mL associated with hypercalcemia or when hyperparathyroidism is refractory to conservative therapy. Parathyroidectomy can be carried out using different procedures: subtotal PTX or total PTX with or without parathyroid autotransplantation. Parathyroid surgery may have undesirable consequences due to PTH oversuppression, such as the development of adynamic bone disease; hungry bone syndrome is quite common after this surgery. However, PTX improves survival and parameters of mineral metabolism. Parathyroidectomy needs to be considered in those patients with severe hyperparathyroidism with a poor response to pharmacological treatment and with distinct undesirable effects of PTH on bone and mineral metabolism parameters.
Sex‐differentiated associations among negative parenting, emotion‐related brain function, and adolescent substance use and psychopathology symptoms
Authors: Chaplin Tara M. , Poon Jennifer A. , Thompson James C. , Hansen Amysue , Dziura Sarah L. , Turpyn Caitlin C. , Niehaus Claire E. , Sinha Rajita , Chassin Laurie , Ansell Emily B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractParenting is a critical factor in adolescent social–emotional development, with maladaptive parenting leading to risk for the development of psychopathology. However, the emotion‐related brain mechanisms underlying the influence of parenting on psychopathology symptoms are unknown. The present study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory measures to examine sex‐differentiated associations among parenting, adolescent emotion‐related brain function, and substance use and psychopathology symptoms in 66 12–14‐year olds. Maternal parenting behaviors (warmth, negative parenting) were observed in a laboratory task. Adolescent brain responses to negative emotional stimuli were assessed in emotion processing regions of interest (left [L] and right [R] amygdala, anterior insula, and anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]). Adolescents reported on substance use and depressive, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms. Maternal negative parenting predicted adolescent brain activation differently by sex. For girls, negative parenting predicted heightened R ACC activation to negative emotional stimuli. For boys, negative parenting predicted blunted L and R anterior insula and L ACC activation. Furthermore, for girls, but not boys, heightened L anterior insula and heightened L and R ACC activation were associated with substance use and depressive symptoms, respectively. Findings suggest neural response to negative emotion as a possible sex‐specific pathway from negative parenting to psychopathology.
Digital mapping of soil ecosystem services in Scotland using neural networks and relationship modelling. Part 2: Mapping of soil ecosystem services
Authors: Aitkenhead Matt J. , Coull Malcolm C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA framework for estimating the distribution of soil ecosystem service (ES) supply is described that is based on the concept of matrix multiplication. This approach enables relationships between fundamental soil variables and associated environmental characteristics to be linked to soil processes, and hence to ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. The parameterization of these relationships was achieved using a combination of data from the Scottish Soils Database and expert knowledge. Baseline data to allow mapping of processes, functions and services across Scotland is given by digital maps of soil classes. The matrix multiplication approach constrains the relationship linkages to linear relationships and ignores potential synergies between factors at each stage, but does provide a mechanism for relating fundamental soil characteristics to ecosystem services. The approach has been tested by developing maps of selected ecosystem services in Scotland and comparing these with existing maps of the same or similar ESs. While the values and their ranges differ in each case, the spatial distribution of services is similar. The proposed mechanism is extensible at every level and can also be used to explore the impacts of land management options on environmental characteristics. This is demonstrated by using the model to estimate impacts of liming on three ecosystem services: Agricultural Capability, Carbon Sequestration and Drinking Water Provision. The model is shown to produce reasonable estimation of the impacts of this management option. Further discussion of improvements to the system and its potential applications is given.
Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 2—Defining rational therapeutic usage
Authors: Goggs Robert , Bacek Lenore , Bianco Domenico , Koenigshof Amy , Li Ronald H. L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review available evidence to determine when small animals at risk of thrombosis should be treated with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, which antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents are most effective, and when multimodal therapy is indicated.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor), and development of consensus on conclusions via a Delphi‐style survey for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Draft recommendations were presented at 2 international veterinary conferences and made available for community assessment, review, and comment prior to final revisions and publication.SettingsAcademic and referral veterinary medical centers.ResultsDatabases searched included Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts. Twelve Population Intervention Comparison Outcome questions were devised and generated corresponding worksheets investigating indications for use of antithrombotic drugs in small animals. Seventy‐eight studies were reviewed in detail. Most studies assessed were experimentally controlled laboratory studies in companion animals (56 LOE 3) with smaller numbers of LOE 2 (1), LOE 4 (5), LOE 5 (6), and LOE 6 (4) studies assessed. Only 5 randomized controlled clinical trials were identified (LOE 1, Good–Fair). The 12 worksheets generated 21 guidelines with 17 guideline statements that were refined during 3 rounds of Delphi surveys. A high degree of consensus was reached across all guideline recommendations during the Delphi process.ConclusionsOverall, systematic evidence evaluations generated 2 strong recommendations, 19 weak recommendations (formulated as suggestions), 9 situations where the evidence was insufficient to make strong recommendations, and 8 situations where no relevant evidence was retrieved to aid guideline generation. Numerous significant knowledge gaps were highlighted by the evidence reviews undertaken, indicating the need for substantial additional research in this field.