bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can We Select Sugarbeet Harvesting Dates Using Drone‐based Vegetation Indices?
Authors: Olson Dan , Chatterjee Amitava , Franzen David W. 
Published: June 2019

In the Northern Great Plains, sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvesting is stretched out from August to October. Sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may provide the information needed to identify sugarbeet approaching an optimum harvesting date that maximizes the recoverable sugar yield. The objective of this study was to relate the vegetation indices at early‐ and late‐harvest time with corresponding sugarbeet root yield, sugar concentration, and recoverable sugar yield (RSY) at three fields in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota during 2017 and 2018. Vegetation indices was determined based on the multispectral imagery collected using UAV. Early harvest dates (19 Sept. 2017 and 21 Aug. 2018) reduced yield and RSY in 5 of 6 site‐years, compared to late harvest dates (3 Oct. 2017, 4 Sept. 2018, and 18 Sept. 2018). In general, delaying harvest increased red normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and reduced red edge NDVI (RENDVI). However, Pearson correlation between yield and vegetation indices did not show consistent relationship across harvesting date, site, and growing season. Pooling all site‐year data showed a significant relationship between RENDVI and yield and RSY. Use of in‐season yield estimate (RENDVI/growing degree days) has potential to explain 46% of sugarbeet root yield and RSY.Core Ideas

Sugarbeet yield and sugar content is directly related to the length of growing season.
Late harvest in September increased recoverable sugar yield.
Sugar concentration did not change with harvest date.
Association between drone‐based indices and yield varied with site‐year.
Bacterial Community Structure Recovery in Reclaimed Coal Mined Soil under Two Vegetative Regimes
Authors: Brooks John P. , Adeli Ardeshir , Smith Renotta K. , McGrew Rebecca , Lang David J. , Read John J. 
Published: June 2019

Coal mining can be deleterious to the soil physical and chemical makeup, but also to the soil microbial community. Effectively, the removal of nearly all organic matter from the upper soil horizons reduces the effectiveness of any soil to support vegetation, and up until recently, microbial community parameters were not considered in the successful reclamation of overburden. Thus, our study proposes to measure the uncultivated bacterial community using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high‐throughput sequencing in a chronosequence of reclaimed overburden in Mississippi. The study sites comprised samplings of pasture and wooded reclamation sites consisting of 1 to 13 yr post reclamation time, as well as reference sites. Overall, the primary driver of bacterial community dynamics was vegetative cover, although time also influenced dynamics. Richness estimations for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed that recently reclaimed (∼1 yr) and Pasture sites were more OTU rich with levels of >1400 compared with reference site levels of ∼1000. Diversity levels also followed a similar trend. Community structure typically differed between time points and vegetative cover; however, membership was similar between sites and reference, indicating that new communities still shared some membership from the previous community. Overall, physicochemical properties trended toward more positive for soil health as time progressed, but bacterial community recovery was still not structurally recovered, although richness and diversity values exceeded reference. Overall, this study demonstrated that mine reclamation using pasture and/or wood restoration can reestablish the bacterial community to approximate reference conditions, but vegetation is still the dominating environmental factor dictating microbial community.Core Ideas
Reclaimed soil surpasses reference soil in diversity and richness.
Vegetative cover dominates microbiological recovery.
Time influenced microbiological recovery.
Soil microbiological recovery was not correlated to soil physical characteristics.
Mineralization and Biotransformation of Estrone in Simulated Poultry Litter and Cow Manure Runoff Water
Authors: Guardian Mary Grace E. , Aga Diana S. 
Published: June 2019

Application of animal manure on agricultural lands is one of the main sources of estrogen contamination in the environment. Poultry and cow manure contain free and conjugated forms of the natural estrogens (e.g., estrone [E1] and estradiol [E2]) that can enter surface waters during runoff events. Estrone has been identified as the major form of estrogen in the environment; therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of the degree of mineralization and fate of E1 in a simulated poultry litter and cow manure runoff water. A time‐course study was conducted using simulated runoff water that consisted of 0.5 mg cow manure or poultry litter dissolved in 1 L of water spiked with radiolabeled E1 (14C‐E1). Samples were analyzed for estrogen concentrations at Day 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In the poultry litter simulated runoff water, E1 was biotransformed to 17β‐estrone‐3‐sulfate (E1‐3S) but was eventually mineralized to 14CO2; a total E1 mineralization of 92.2% occurred after 7 d of aerobic incubation. In contrast, the concentrations of E1 and other forms of endogenous estrogens detected in the cow manure simulated runoff water, such as E1‐3S, 17α‐estradiol (α‐E2), and 17β‐estradiol (β‐E2), remained relatively constant and persisted over the 7 d of aerobic incubation. Results of this study demonstrate the differences in the fate of estrone in the simulated poultry litter and cow manure runoff water, highlighting the ability of the endogenous microbial community from poultry litter to mineralize estrogens to CO2.Core Ideas
A 7‐d study showed mineralization and biotransformation of E1 in poultry litter runoff water.
E1 biotransformed to E1‐3S in poultry litter runoff water eventually, and mineralized to CO2.
Total mineralization of E1 was observed at an average of 92.2% in poultry litter runoff water.
Concentrations of E1 and other estrogens in the cow manure runoff did not change within the 7‐day study.
Combining Ability of Biomass Sorghum Lines for Agroindustrial Characters and Multitrait Selection of Photosensitive Hybrids for Energy Cogeneration
Authors: Oliveira Isadora Cristina Martins , Marçal Tiago de Souza , Bernardino Karine da Costa , Ribeiro Pedro César de Oliveira , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Schaffert Robert Eugene , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] biomass hybrids with high productivity and enhanced levels of lignin are seen as a promising alternative of feedstock for direct burning in ovens designed for cogeneration of electricity. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic combing capacity of biomass sorghum lines and conduct multivariable selection of photosensitive biomass sorghum hybrids for use in cogeneration. Thirty‐six photosensitive hybrids, the control BRS716, and 12 parental lines were evaluated in a seven‐by‐seven triple lattice design at two locations, and 12 characters were evaluated. There was superiority of additive effects on the genetic control of all the characteristics studied in both environments, less for female lines in the diallelic analysis of F1 hybrids. The inclusion of parents in the estimates of combining capacities indicated predominance of dominance effects involved in the genetic control of the traits analyzed. The results demonstrate the action of epistasis of the dwarf genes present in the female lines for the biomass parameter and the false interpretation when these lines are included in the diallelic analysis. With the use of the index based on factor analysis and genotype–ideotype distance (FAI‐BLUP index), four factors were established, which separated the characteristics of production and quality, as well as the two environments, resulting from the high hybrid × environment interaction. With the index, five hybrids with higher potential for burning (H5‐5, H2‐1, H1‐1, H1‐5, and H5‐1) were selected. However, no hybrids obtained gains for the characteristics of production and quality, simultaneously, which indicates the need for genetic improvement of the parents used in the program.
Water Extraction and Productivity of Cotton, Sorghum, and Sesame under Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Pabuayon Irish Lorraine B. , Singh Sukhbir , Lewis Katie L. , Ritchie Glen L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTCombining production of low‐input alternative crops together with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under deficit irrigation (DI) has gained attention for purposes of rotation, diversification, and saving water resources in West Texas. The objective of this study was to determine a relationship between water extraction patterns and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops tolerant of the semiarid conditions in West Texas. Irrigation responses of cotton, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were compared in 2017 and 2018 at irrigation levels ranging from extreme DI to mild DI based on crop yield, aboveground biomass, water extraction patterns, and WUE. Cotton and sorghum biomass production and yield increased with irrigation rate, whereas sesame productivity was not significantly increased in either year. The water extraction patterns suggested that the rooting system of sesame was not as extensive compared with cotton and sorghum and did not change substantially among irrigation treatments, and sesame yields did not significantly vary among DI treatments. The implication is that the biomass production and yield of sesame, even under low irrigation management, was not water limited, even in irrigation treatments that resulted in 25% yield losses in sorghum and 40% yield losses in cotton. As a result, the WUE of sesame was dramatically decreased with additional irrigation, whereas cotton and sorghum maintained similar WUE under all irrigation treatments. Therefore, water‐limiting environments may not actually be water limiting to sesame, and the bigger limitation is the yield potential associated with a baseline irrigation level far below that of cotton or sorghum.
Testing a Water Redistribution Model in a Cracked Vertisol at Two Scales
Authors: Bagnall Dianna , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Molling Christine C. , Heilman James L. , Moore Georgianne W. 
Published: June 2019

Core IdeasTime for water to fully drain from cracks and mesopores was 24 to 72 h.In moist, cracked soil, water moved to 60 cm after 2 h.On dry, cracked soil, water moved to >120 cm in <1.5 h.The mesopore infiltration module improved estimation of soil profile water content.At the pedon scale, the mesopore module improved ponding predictions.Water is preferentially conducted away from the soil surface through large cracks formed in shrink–swell soils, which complicates our ability to calculate the partitioning of water into infiltration and runoff. Preferential flow paths affect the hydrology of a landscape but often are not included in hydrology models. The Precision Agricultural‐Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) contains a Mesopore and Matrix (M&M) module that allows preferential flow and was tested on cracking soil at the pedon and small watershed scale for this study. Four irrigation events were conducted on 10‐m by 10‐m plots of a cracking soil, and volumetric water content (VWC) output for PALMS with and without the M&M module was compared with that measured by a neutron moisture meter. Additionally, measurements of VWC on a 4.4‐ha small watershed were compared with PALMS predictions. At both scales, the M&M module simulated water movement down the soil profile more quickly and eliminated unobserved ponding at the pedon scale relative to the PALMS matrix only. Simulations of water content of the soil profile were generally improved when the M&M module was used. Furthermore, PALMS M&M was relatively easy to parameterize using obtainable and physically relevant parameters, rendering it applicable to shrink–swell soils in a variety of systems.
Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research
Authors: Garranzo-Asensio María , Montero-Calle Ana , Solís-Fernández Guillermo , Barderas Rodrigo , Guzman-Aranguez Ana 
Published: June 2019

:
The eye is a complex organ comprised of several compartments with exclusive and specialized
properties that reflect their diverse functions. Although the prevalence of eye pathologies is
increasing, mainly because of its correlation with aging and of generalized lifestyle changes, the
pathogenic molecular mechanisms of many common ocular diseases remain poorly understood.
Therefore, there is an unmet need to delve into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
of eye diseases to preserve ocular health and reduce the incidence of visual impairment or blindness.
Proteomics analysis stands as a valuable tool for deciphering protein profiles related to specific ocular
conditions. In turn, such profiles can lead to real breakthroughs in the fields of ocular science and
ophthalmology. Among proteomics techniques, protein microarray technology stands out by providing
expanded information using very small volumes of samples.

:
In this review, we present a brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application
for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma,
age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. The validation of these specific protein
alterations could provide new biomarkers, disclose eye diseases pathways, and help in the diagnosis
and development of novel therapies for eye pathologies.
Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based Cardiovascular Drug Research
Authors: Hao Da-Cheng , Xiao Pei-gen 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The representative cardiovascular herbs, i.e. Panax, Ligusticum, Carthamus, and Pueraria
plants, are traditionally and globally used in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. Modern
phytochemical studies have found many medicinal compounds from these plants, and their unique pharmacological
activities are being revealed. However, there are few reviews that systematically summarize the current trends of
Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of cardiovascular herbs.

Method:
Here, the latest understanding, as well as the knowledge gaps of the DMPK issues in drug development
and clinical usage of cardiovascular herbal compounds, was highlighted.

Results:
The complicated herb-herb interactions of cardiovascular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb
pair/formula significantly impact the PK/pharmacodynamic performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire
researchers to develop a novel herbal formula for the optimized outcome of different cardiovascular diseases. While
the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADME/T) of some compounds has been deciphered,
DMPK studies should be extended to more cardiovascular compounds of different medicinal parts, species (including
animals), and formulations, and could be streamlined by versatile omics platforms and computational analyses.

Conclusion:
n the context of systems pharmacology, the DMPK knowledge base is expected to translate bench
findings to clinical applications, as well as foster cardiovascular drug discovery and development.
Association of Genetic Variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 with Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wang Zijie , Zheng Ming , Yang Haiwei , Han Zhijian , Tao Jun , Chen Hao , Sun Li , Guo Miao , Wang Libin , Tan Ruoyun , Wei Ji-Fu , Gu Min 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Our study aimed to investigate the pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4),
CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 and their influence on TAC Pharmacokinetics (PKs) in short-term renal transplant
recipients.

Method:
A total of 105 renal transplant recipients were enrolled. Target Sequencing (TS) based on next-generation
sequencing technology was used to detect all exons, exon/intron boundaries, and flanking regions of CYP3A4,
CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19. After adjustment of Minor Allele Frequencies (MAF) and Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium (HWE) analysis, tagger Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes were identified. Influence
of tagger SNPs on TAC concentrations was analyzed.

Results:
A total of 94 SNPs were identified in TS analysis. Nine tagger SNPs were selected, and two SNPs (rs15524
and rs4646453) were noted to be significantly associated with TAC PKs in short-term post-transplant follow-up.
Measurement time points of TAC, body mass index (BMI), usage of sirolimus, and incidence of Delayed Graft Function
(DGF) were observed to be significantly associated with TAC PKs. Three haplotypes were identified, and
rs15524-rs4646453 was found to remarkably contribute to TAC PKs. Recipients carrying H2/H2 (GG-AA) haplotype
also showed significantly high weight- and dose-adjusted TAC concentrations in posttransplant periods of 7, 14, and
30 days and 3 and 6 months.

Conclusions:
Two tagger SNPs, namely, rs15524 and rs4646453, are significantly related to the variability of TAC
disposition, and TAC measurement time points, BMI, usage of sirolimus, and incidence of DGF contribute to this
influence. Recipients carrying H2/H2 (GG-AA) haplotype in rs15524–rs4646453 may require a low dosage of TAC
during 1-year follow-up posttransplant.
Three Bacteriocin Peptides from a Lactic Acid Bacterium Weissella confusa MBF8-1 with Spermicidal Activity
Authors: Sartono Gusti , Rizqiyah Izzatu , Asmarinah  , Heng Nicholas C.K. , Malik Amarila 
Published: June 2019

Background:The development of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens and a population explosion, e.g. in countries such as Indonesia, are two issues the world is facing today. These issues have stimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapeutic agents and contraceptive strategies, such as novel spermicides. Bacteriocins, which are bacterially-derived antimicrobial peptides, may fulfill some of the criteria for these new agents.Methods:Weissella confusa MBF8-1, originally isolated from a homemade soy product, exhibits antibacterial activity that was subsequently found to be plasmid-encoded, presumably by three peptides Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3. In the present study, we tested cell-free MBF8-1 bacteriocin preparations and chemically-synthesized versions of Bac1, Bac2 and Bac3 peptides for (i) its antibacterial activity against the indicator bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides and (ii) its ability to affect the motility of spermatozoa. Nisin, a known lantibiotic bacteriocin, was used as the control.Results:Here, we demonstrate that synthetic Bac1, in combination with synthetic Bac2, was sufficient to inhibit the growth of L. mesenteroides and affect sperm motility. However, the presence of all three synthetic peptides, s-Bac1, s-Bac2 and s-Bac3, was required for full potency.Conclusion:In summary, the bacteriocin-like peptides of W. confusa MBF8-1 have the potential to be developed as a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent and a novel spermicidal agent.
Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Follow-up Study of Children with Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: He Qiang , Shu Jing , Chen Fang , Zhen Xiao-Fang 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis
of children with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN), in order to improve the understanding
of this disease.

Methods:
Data of 14 children with CPAN, who were hospitalized in the Beijing Children's Hospital
of Capital Medical University from January 2006 to December 2016, were collected. The clinical
characteristics of all patients were summarized, the antistreptolysin-O (ASO)-positive and
ASO-negative groups were compared, and the follow-up results were analyzed. X2-test, Fisher’s
exact probability test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Among these 14 CPAN patients, nodular rash was the most common manifestation
(14/14). The ASO-positive group had more nodules in the lower limbs and the ASO-negative
group appeared more in the upper limbs, which were statistically significant (p<0.05). ASOpositive
children were more likely to have joint symptoms (P<0.05), and were more prone to elevated
white blood cells (P<0.05). Follow-ups were performed on nine patients, and the prognoses
were all good. The occurrence of systemic polyarteritis nodosa was not observed.

Conclusion:
The main clinical manifestation of children with CPAN is skin nodules, which rarely
affects the internal organs. Streptococcal infection is often the main cause. Anti-infection treatment
should be simultaneously considered.
Identification of High-affinity Small Molecules Targeting Gamma Secretase for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ali Meer Asif , Vuree Sugunakar , Goud Himshikha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by
the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain- a concept supported by most of the researchers worldwide. The
main component of the plaques being amyloid-beta (Aβ42) results from the sequential cleavage of Amyloid
precursor protein (APP) by beta and gamma secretase. This present study intends to inhibit the formation of
amyloid plaques by blocking the action of gamma secretase protein with Inhibitors (GSI).

Methods:
A number of Gamma Secretase Inhibitors (GSI) were targeted to the protein by molecular docking.
The inhibitor having the best affinity was used as a subject for further virtual screening methods to obtain
similar compounds. The generated compounds were docked again at the same docking site on the protein to
find a compound with higher affinity to inhibit the protein. The highlights of virtually screened compound
consisted of Pharmacophore Mapping of the docking site. These steps were followed by comparative assessments
for both the compounds, obtained from the two aforesaid docking studies, which included interaction
energy descriptors, ADMET profiling and PreADMET evaluations.

Results:
111 GSI classified as azepines, sulfonamides and peptide isosteres were used in the study. By molecular
docking an amorpholino-amide, compound (22), was identified to be the high affinity compound GSI
along with its better interaction profiles.The virtually screened pubchem compound AKOS001083915
(CID:24462213) shows the best affinity with gamma secretase. Collective Pharmacophore mapping (H bonds,
electrostatic profile, binding pattern and solvent accesibility) shows a stable interaction. The resulting ADMETand
Descriptor values were nearly equivalent.

Conclusion:
These compounds identified herein hold a potential as Gamma Secretase inhibitors.According to
PreADMET values the compound AKOS001083915 is effective and specific to the target protein. Its
BOILED-egg plot analysis infers the compound permeable to blood brain barrier.Comparative study for both
the compounds resulted in having nearly equivalent properties. These compounds have the capacity to inhibit
the protein which is indirectly responsible for the formation of amyloid plaques and can be further put to in
vitro pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies.