bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Chemometric Methods for Halal Authentication of Gelatin: An Overview
Authors: Hassan Nurfarhana , Ahmad Tahir , Zain Norhidayu Muhamad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe issue of food authenticity has become a concern among religious adherents, particularly Muslims, due to the possible presence of nonhalal ingredients in foods as well as other commercial products. One of the nonhalal ingredients that commonly found in food and pharmaceutical products is gelatin which extracted from porcine source. Bovine and fish gelatin are also becoming the main commercial sources of gelatin. However, unclear information and labeling regarding the actual sources of gelatin in food and pharmaceutical products have become the main concern in halal authenticity issue since porcine consumption is prohibited for Muslims. Hence, numerous analytical methods involving chemical and chemometric analysis have been developed to identify the sources of gelatin. Chemical analysis techniques such as biochemical, chromatography, electrophoretic, and spectroscopic are usually combined with chemometric and mathematical methods such as principal component analysis, cluster, discriminant, and Fourier transform analysis for the gelatin classification. A sample result from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, which combines Fourier transform and spectroscopic technique, is included in this paper. This paper presents an overview of chemical and chemometric methods involved in identification of different types of gelatin, which is important for halal authentication purposes.
The Effects of Added Water and Grinding Temperature on Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, and Ascorbic Acid in Ground Apples
Authors: Kim Ah–Na , Lee Kyo‐Yeon , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Chun Jiyeon , Kerr William L. , Choi Sung‐Gil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effects of added water (1:0 up to 1:4 apple:water w/v) and grinding temperature on browning and antioxidant capacity of apples were investigated. Grinding apple with addition of water decreased browning and loss of antioxidant activity when ground with water up to 1:3 ratio. Browning, antioxidant capacity, major phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2), and ascorbic acid in ground apple with water (1:1) were evaluated at grinding temperatures from 5 °C to 45 °C. The degradation of antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid followed first‐order kinetics. The temperature‐dependent degradation was adequately modeled using the Arrhenius equation, and kinetic parameters such as k, t1/2, Q10, and Ea indicated that the grinding temperature was a key factor affecting retention of antioxidant activity, phenolics, and ascorbic acid contents in apple.Practical ApplicationThe phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables can be altered by processing such as thermal treatments and grinding. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and predict the quality characteristics of the fruits as affected by processing conditions. In this study, we found grinding conditions retard the changes in color and loss in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ground apples. This new finding can be helpful for engineers and scientists to control and optimize the grinding system by retaining the high nutritional values of apple products.
Development of a Gulfweed‐Based Edible Coating Using High‐Pressure Homogenization and Its Application to Smoked Salmon
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Kang Joo Hyun , Jo Jin Ho , Min Sea C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGulfweed‐based edible materials were developed in forms of food film and coating. Gulfweed suspension was subjected to high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) at 103, 138, and 193 MPa with 1, 2, and 3 passes, and mixed with 14, 30, 50, and 70% (w/w gulfweed) glycerol and 1% (w/w gulfweed) polysorbate 20 to produce a film‐forming suspension. The particle size of the suspension decreased with increasing pressure from 103 to 193 MPa and pass number from 1 to 3. The HPH‐treated gulfweed suspension behaved like a pseudo‐plastic non‐Newtonian fluid. High pressure and pass number generally decreased the suspension viscosity. Uniformity and compactness of the films increased with increasing pressure. The optimal conditions for forming a film with high stretchability, low water vapor permeability, low and water solubility, as well as for preparing bright‐colored coated smoked salmon, were found to be 193 MPa, three passes of HPH, and a glycerol concentration of 70%. Coating smoked salmon with gulfweed suspension enhanced the redness without altering its texture and volatile properties. The method reported in this study may be useful for seaweed‐based edible film production, increasing their potential application to various food products like red meats.Practical ApplicationSeaweeds have high nutritional and functional values, but they are not commonly used as food materials owing to their appearance and size. Therefore, it is important to develop methods to utilize seaweeds by overcoming appearance and size limitations. A self‐standing film/coating using gulfweed was developed in this study, making use of commercially available high‐pressure homogenization technology. The method developed herein might enable increased applications of gulfweed and possibly other seaweeds to food products such as films, rolls, or coatings.
Extension of the gambin model to multimodal species abundance distributions
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Borregaard Michael K. , Gillespie Colin S. , Rigal François , Ugland Karl I. , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira , Marques Roberta , Sadler Jon P. , Borges Paulo A. V. , Kubota Yasuhiro , Whittaker Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpecies abundance distributions (SADs) are one of the most widely used tools in macroecology, and it has become increasingly apparent that many empiricalSADs can best be described as multimodal. However, only a fewSADmodels have been extended to incorporate multiple modes and no software packages are available to fit multimodalSADmodels. In this study, we present an extension of the gambinSADmodel to multimodalSADs.We derive the maximum likelihood equations for fitting the bimodal gambin distribution and generalize this approach to fit gambin models with any number of modes. We present these new functions, along with additional functions to aid in the analysis of multimodalSADs, within an updatedrpackage (“gambin”; version 2.4.0) that enables the fitting, plotting and evaluating of gambin models with any number of modes.We use a mixture of simulations and empirical datasets to test our new models, including tests of the sensitivity of the model parameters to the number of individuals and the number of species in a sample. We show that the new multimodal gambin models perform well under a variety of circumstances, and that the application of these new models to empiricalSADand other macroecological (e.g., species range size distributions) datasets can provide interesting insights. The updated software package is simple to use and provides straightforward yet flexible statistical analyses of multimodality inSAD‐type datasets.
Real‐world efficacy and toxicity of combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Parakh Sagun , Randhawa Manreet , Nguyen Bella , Warburton Lydia , Hussain Mohammad Akhtar , Cebon Jonathan , Millward Michael , Yip Desmond , Ali Sayed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited real‐world data on the efficacy and safety of combination programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitor, nivolumab and the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen (CTLA‐4) inhibitor ipilimumab.MethodWe retrospectively identified patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma treated with three‐weekly nivolumab (1 mg/kg) in combination with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) for four cycles followed by nivolumab monotherapy (3 mg/kg) fortnightly. Patient demographics and treatment parameters were collected and outcomes determined.ResultsA total of 45 pts received combination treatment with a median follow up of 8.7 months (range 0.33–25.9 months). A total of 67% were male, and BRAF V600 mutations detected in 38%. At treatment commencement, 14 (31%) pts had brain metastases, 51% had an elevated LDH and 18 (40%) were treatment‐naive. Almost a third (30%) required corticosteroids for symptom control or management of prior toxicities. Nineteen (42%) patients had prior anti‐PD‐1 therapy. The disease control rate (DCR) was 54% and objective response rate (ORR) was 29%. Of pts treated with prior immune checkpoint inhibitors, the DCR and ORR were 50% and 33%, respectively. Intracranial responses were observed in 18% (n = 2). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months (95% Confidence interval (CI), 2.9–14.1 months). PFS was higher in treatment naïve patients compared to those who had prior immunotherapy (6.2 months vs 4.9 months, P = 0.59). The median OS was 17.4 months (95% CI, 7.1–NR). pts requiring corticosteroids had a shorter PFS (4.9 months vs 6.8 months) and OS (7.1 months vs NR, P = 0.01).Treatment‐related adverse events of any grade were experienced by 88% of pts, with 54% having grade 3–4 adverse events. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 44% of pts.ConclusionIn this study, responses to combination immunotherapy were lower than reported. Patients treated with prior immunotherapy had similar responses as treatment‐naïve pts. The toxicity profile seen in this study is similar to those reported in clinical trials.
Variations of electrocardiographic parameters during hospitalization predict long‐term outcomes in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Guoyong , Li Qiao , Huang Baotao , Chen Mao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiogram is an essential modality for diagnosis and early risk stratification for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but its long‐term prognostic value has not been well studied. This study tried to investigate the long‐term prognostic value of variations of ECG parameters at admission and discharge in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsA total of 170 NSTEMI patients were recruited consecutively from 2013 to 2014 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. All subjects' ECGs at admission and discharge were reviewed. Follow‐up was performed, and the survival difference between groups was analyzed.ResultsComparing with at admission, NSTEMI patients at discharge with a wider P wave (19.4% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.047), with new‐onset PtfV1 positive (31.2% vs. 8.1%, 11.5%, 13.3%, p = 0.147) and with a greater number of leads showing ST depression (21.9% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.037) were prone to MACEs during long‐term follow‐up. The independent risk factors for the primary endpoints determined using a multivariate cox regression were new‐onset PtfV1 positive during hospitalization (HR = 4.705, 95% CI = 1.457–15.197, p = 0.010) and prolonged QRS duration at discharge comparing to admission (HR = 2.536, 95% CI = 1.057–6.083, p = 0.030), besides diabetes mellitus, stage 3 hypertension, and multiple vessel lesions.ConclusionDischarge ECG with new‐onset PtfV1 positive and prolonged QRS duration were independent risk factors for recurrence of MACEs in NTEMI patients. The differences of ECG parameters between at admission and discharge, including P‐wave duration, number of leads with ST‐segment depression, carried long‐term prognostic information for NSTEMI patients.
Ascitic cholesterol is superior to serum‐ascites albumin gradient in the detection of non‐portal hypertensive ascites and the diagnosis of mixed ascites
Authors: Du Li , Zhu Shenghua , Lu Zhiwen , Xu Ting , Bai Tao , Xu Dong , Wei Xiuqi , Li Jin , Xu Keshu , Ye Jin , Hou Xiaohua , Song Yuhu 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe diagnostic value of ascitic cholesterol in the differential diagnosis of ascites is controversial.AimTo investigate the diagnostic performance of ascitic cholesterol in the differential diagnosis of ascites.MethodsConsecutive patients with new‐onset ascites were enrolled prospectively. The pertinent data were collected from 629 patients with all forms of ascites.ResultsIn the training cohort, determination of the ascitic cholesterol level was a highly effective method of distinguishing non‐portal hypertension (NPH) from portal hypertension (PH). At the pre‐determined cut‐off value of 45 mg/dL, the sensitivity of ascitic cholesterol was superior to the serum‐ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) in identifying NPH‐related ascites; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.945. In the patients misdiagnosed based on SAAG classification, the diagnostic accuracy of ascitic cholesterol was 69%. The ascitic cholesterol level showed excellent performance in identifying peritoneal lesions in patients with mixed ascites.ConclusionAscitic cholesterol is an excellent measure for detecting NPH ascites and for identifying peritoneal lesions in mixed ascites. Thus, this simple and cost‐effective measure should be determined in patients with new‐onset ascites (www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR‐DCD‐15006907).
Educating for self‐interest or ‐transcendence? An empirical approach to investigating the role of moral competencies in opportunity recognition for sustainable development
Authors: Ploum Lisa , Blok Vincent , Lans Thomas , Omta Onno 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEntrepreneurship education with a focus on sustainable development primarily teaches students to develop a profit‐driven mentality. As sustainable development is a value‐oriented and normative concept, the role of individual ethical norms and values in entrepreneurial processes has been receiving increased attention. Therefore, this study addresses the role of moral competence in the process of idea generation for sustainable development. A mixed method design was developed in which would‐be entrepreneurs were subjected to a questionnaire (n = 398) and to real‐life decision‐making processes in a case assignment (n = 96). The results provide stepping stones for implementing (moral) competencies in entrepreneurship education as a possible avenue to move away from a sole focus on a profit‐driven mentality.
Circulating dendritic cells deficiencies as a new biomarker in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Galati Domenico , Zanotta Serena , Corazzelli Gaetano , Bruzzese Dario , Capobianco Gaetana , Morelli Emanuela , Arcamone Manuela , De Filippi Rosaria , Pinto Antonio 
Published: November 2018

SummaryNo robust biomarkers have been yet validated to identify the recurrence of disease in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) patients upon induction treatment. The relevance of the inflammatory microenvironment in cHL prompted us to investigate the key immunomodulator myeloid dendritic cells type‐1 (mDC1), type‐2 (mDC2) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Blood DC levels were assessed in 52 newly diagnosed patients through multiparametric flow‐cytometry. All but two patients received ABVD regimen (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). The median counts of all DC subsets were lower in cHL patients than in healthy controls (P < 0·001). Median mDC counts were inferior for the advanced vs early stage patients for both mDC1s and mDC2s (P = 0·008; P = 0·0007 respectively). Also, median mDC2 counts were reduced in case of bulky (P = 0·0004) and extra‐nodal (P = 0·046) disease. Patients with B symptoms had lower levels for mDC1s (P = 0·046), mDC2s (P = 0·009) and pDCs (P = 0·040). All the DC subtypes increased at the end of treatment in 26 patients (P < 0·001): 4·6‐fold for mDC1, 2·4‐fold for mDC2, 4·5‐fold for pDC and aligned DCs subsets with the reference frequencies and the interquartile ranges of the controls. In conclusion, DCs may contribute to the disturbed immunological interplay typical of cHL, prompting a further evaluation of their value as a potential new biomarker.
Complement component 5 does not interfere with physiological hemostasis but is essential forEscherichia coli-induced coagulation accompanied by Toll-like receptor 4
Authors: Landsem A , Fure H , Krey Ludviksen J , Christiansen D , Lau C , Mathisen M , Bergseth G , Nymo S , Lappegård K T , Woodruff T M , Espevik T , Mollnes T E , Brekke O-L 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThere is a close cross-talk between complement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and coagulation. The role of the central complement component 5 (C5) in physiological and pathophysiological hemostasis has not, however, been fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of C5 in normal hemostasis and in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation and tissue factor (TF) up-regulation. Fresh whole blood obtained from six healthy donors and one C5-deficient individual (C5D) was anti-coagulated with the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Blood was incubated with or without E. coli in the presence of the C5 inhibitor eculizumab, a blocking anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD14) or the TLR-4 inhibitor eritoran. C5D blood was reconstituted with purified human C5. TF mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF and CD11b surface expression by flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF1·2) in plasma and microparticles exposing TF (TF-MP) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coagulation kinetics were analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function by PFA-200. Normal blood with eculizumab as well as C5D blood with or without reconstitution with C5 displayed completely normal biochemical hemostatic patterns. In contrast, E. coli-induced TF mRNA and TF-MP were significantly reduced by C5 inhibition. C5 inhibition combined with anti-CD14 or eritoran completely inhibited the E. coli-induced monocyte TF, TF-MP and plasma PTF1·2. Addition of C5a alone did not induce TF expression on monocytes. In conclusion, C5 showed no impact on physiological hemostasis, but substantially contributed to E. coli-induced procoagulant events, which were abolished by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 or TLR-4.
Mechanisms of lymphatic system-specific viral replication and its potential role in autoimmune disease
Authors: Friedrich S-K , Lang P A , Friebus-Kardash J , Duhan V , Bezgovsek J , Lang K S 
Published: November 2018

SummaryViral infections can be fatal because of the direct cytopathic effects of the virus or the induction of a strong, uncontrolled inflammatory response. Virus and host intrinsic characteristics strongly modulate the outcome of viral infections. Recently we determined the circumstances under which enhanced replication of virus within the lymphoid tissue is beneficial for the outcome of a disease. This enforced viral replication promotes anti-viral immune activation and, counterintuitively, accelerates virus control. In this review we summarize the mechanisms that contribute to enforced viral replication.Antigen-presenting cells and CD169+ macrophages exhibit enforced viral replication after infection with the model viruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (Usp18), an endogenous type I interferon blocker in CD169+ macrophages, has been identified as a proviral gene, as are B cell activating factor (BAFF) and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). Lymphotoxins (LT) strongly enhance viral replication in the spleen and lymph nodes. All these factors modulate splenic architecture and thereby promote the development of CD169+ macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling (NF-κB) have been found to promote the survival of infected CD169+ macrophages, thereby similarly promoting enforced viral replication.Association of autoimmune disease with infections is evident from (1) autoimmune phenomena described during a chronic virus infection; (2) onset of autoimmune disease simultaneous to viral infections; and (3) experimental evidence. Involvement of virus infection during onset of type I diabetes is strongly evident. Epstein–Bar virus (EBV) infection was discussed to be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.In conclusion, several mechanisms promote viral replication in secondary lymphatic organs. Identifying such factors in humans is a challenge for future studies.
Evaluation of 0.2% delmopinol mouth rinse for prevention of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled canine study
Authors: Levin Liran , Barbu Horia , Kurgan Sivge , Comăneanu Raluca Monica , Referendaru Daniel , Lorean Adi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of 0.2% delmopinol mouth rinse in maintenance of peri‐implant tissue health and prevention or inhibition of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsFour weeks following tooth extraction, eight titanium dental implants, were placed in six dogs' mandibles. Three dogs were assigned to the test or placebo mouth rinse. Eight weeks following implant installation (T2) ligature was placed to induce peri‐implant disease. Clinical and radiographic assessment was performed during the study period as well as micro‐CT analysis and histologic assessment to evaluate Bone‐Implant Contact at the end of the follow‐up (T4).ResultsPlaque at implant sites before ligature placement (T2) was lower for the test group (0.7 ± 1.0 vs 1.5 ± 1.3, P < .05). The ratio of affected implant (PD ≧4 mm) at T2 and T4 in the test group was significantly smaller than that of the placebo group (T2, 17% vs 47%, P < .01; T4, 67% vs 83%, P < .05). The test agent also seemed to be effective in partially preventing bone loss induced by ligature placement according to the Computed Tomography and histologic analysis (test, 1.1 ± 0.8 mm; placebo, 1.5 ± 0.9 mm).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this animal model study, the results of the study indicate that the 0.2% delmopinol rinse might play a role in prevention of peri‐implant disease development.
Evaluating the effect of electronic monitoring and feedback on hand cream use in healthcare workers: Healthy Hands Project
Authors: Soltanipoor Maryam , Rustemeyer Thomas , Sluiter Judith K. , Hines John , Frison Federico , Kezic Sanja 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of developing hand dermatitis (HD). Current guidelines on HD prevention recommend the use of emollients; however, in practice, adherence is poor.ObjectiveTo assess whether the provision of creams, electronic monitoring and feedback on cream consumption can improve skin care in HCWs.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted on 19 academic hospital wards, including 501 HCWs, for 12 months. The intervention wards (n = 9; 285 HCWs) were provided with hand cream dispensers equipped with an electronic system to monitor use, which was regularly communicated to the HCWs by the use of posters. The process outcomes were self‐reported cream consumption in both groups, and electronically measured consumption per ward in the intervention group (IG) vs the control group (CG).ResultsSelf‐reported cream use at follow‐up was significantly higher in the IG than in the CG, before (odds ratio [OR] 2.27; 95%CI: 1.29‐3.97; P = 0.004) and during (OR 3.30; 95%CI: 1.80‐6.06, P < 0.001) the shift, whereas at baseline there was no difference between the groups. In the IG, electronically measured cream use was, on average, 0.4 events per shift per HCW.ConclusionThe intervention improved hand cream use, and may therefore be considered as a practical strategy to promote skin care in HCWs. Notwithstanding this, the application frequency remained lower than recommended in the present study and current guidelines.