bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo simulation of the LIDAL-ALTEA detector system
Authors: Berucci C , De Donato C , Di Fino L , La Tessa C , Masciantonio G , Messi R , Morone M C , Rizzo A , Rovituso M , Tommasino F , Narici L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA) is a device designed to work paired with three silicon detector units of ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts) in order to improve the particle identification capabilities of ALTEA on the International Space Station also providing Time-of-Flight measurements. The LIDAL-ALTEA goal is to measure ions from protons up to iron in real time. The improved measurements of the radiation environment inside ISS will be very valuable for radiation risk assessment and mitigation. It is necessary to have a detailed simulation of the apparatus response to cosmic ray nuclei in order to assess the detector response, its observational capabilities and to set the relevant parameters of the device. Here a new Monte Carlo simulation of the LIDAL-ALTEA setup and physics processes, in the framework of FLUKA, is presented. A comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and calibration data is also shown.
Neutron production with particle accelerators
Authors: De Luca D , Campajola L , Casolaro P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Neutron beams have been produced at Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP) of University of Bern. LEHP is equipped with an 18 MeV cyclotron with an external beam line. Simulations, analytical calculations and kinematics studies have been carried out, in order to produce several neutron beam configurations with characteristics suited for specific applications. Furthermore, a procedure for energy modulation has been developed to match the fixed cyclotron energy to the needed requirements. The technique described in this work is of general application and can be applied to more intense beams up to 1010 pps.
Thermal noise reduction for future gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Lumaca Diana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The coating thermal noise limits the sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors from few tens to hundreds Hz, where first gravitational signals were detected and others are expected. In view of future upgrades, the increase in the mechanical performances of reflective coatings, retaining their outstanding optical and morphological properties, is fundamental. In the Virgo collaboration a coating R&D group working with this aim is born. One of the research lines regards the mechanical characterization of both substrates and coatings, looking for materials with low mechanical loss angle. To perform a precise coating mechanical characterization, the substrate on which it is deposited must be characterized as well and must be stable with respect to its dissipative behaviour. Commercial SiO2 substrates are subject to effects that change their mechanical condition during time, compromising the characterization. The source of these spurious losses is related to the rough lateral surface: after its polishing, this behaviour is largely reduced. We designed and assemble a facility for the CO2 laser polishing of the substrates barrel, to provide a reliable heat treatment, reducing spurious losses to a negligible level. Other further treatments have been tested, with the aim of taking under control ϕ deterioration. We develop a procedure to prepare SiO2 samples for coating deposition. Procedure steps, mechanical characterizations and first results are shown.
Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: MacDonald A M , Bell R A , Kebede S , Azagegn T , Yehualaeshet T , Pichon F , Young M , McKenzie A A , Lapworth D J , Black E , Calow R C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During drought, groundwater is often relied on to provide secure drinking water, particularly in rural Africa where other options are limited. However, the technology chosen to access groundwater significantly affects local water security. Here we examine the performance of springs, hand-dug-wells and boreholes in northern Ethiopia through direct high frequency monitoring of water-levels (n = 19) and water quality (n = 48) over an 18 month period and gathering information on community impacts of declining water access during the El Niño 2015/2016 drought. We found that shallow boreholes equipped with handpumps were the most reliable water supply, recovering within hours to daily abstraction throughout all conditions. Recovery and performance of most hand-dug-wells and springs declined significantly throughout the extended dry season, although in specific aquifer conditions they were reliable. All sources types had negligible measured contamination from Thermo-tolerant Coliforms through the extended dry season, but were contaminated during the rains marking drought cessation. Boreholes were least affected, median 10 cfu/100 ml, compared to 190 and 59 cfu/100 ml for hand-dug-wells and springs respectively. Many communities who relied solely on springs, wells or rivers experienced severe water shortage in the El Niño drought with mean daily collection times up to 12 h and volumes collected reducing to 3–5 litre per-capita-per-day. This led to reports of violent conflict, missed meals, reduction in school attendance and farm activity and increased health impacts. From this study there is a clear case for improving resilience to drought by installing boreholes equipped with handpumps where feasible even if collection times are >30 min.
Effect of Clove Essential Oil Addition on Characteristics of Cassava Starch Bioplastic Film Incorporated Zinc Oxide-organoclay as Reinforcement
Authors: Harunsyah  , Yunus M. , Fauzan Reza 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to improve mechanical properties of bioplastic film and resistant to bacteria by the addition of percent ratio Zinc Oxide/Organoclay (ZnO/Clay) nanoparticles as enforcement and clove essential oil. All bioplastic film was formed by casting method. The addition of clay nanoparticles in the plastic films was varied from 1:9%, 2:8%, 3:7%, 4:6%, and 5:5% (w/w) by weight of starch. Structural characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface morphologies of the plastic film were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that the Tensile strength (TS) was improved significantly with the addition of ZnO/Clay nanoparticles. The optimum tensile strength obtained was 20.87 M.Pa on the additional of ZnO/Clay nanoparticles by 0.3:0.7% and plasticizer by 25%. Based on data of FTIR, the produced film plastic does not change the group function and it can be concluded that the interaction in biodegradable plastic produced was only a physical interaction. The biodegradable plastic based on cassava starch-ZnO/Clay nanoparticles and plasticizer glycerin showed that interesting mechanical properties being transparent and clear.
Overview of Hysteresis Current Controller Application in Renewable Energy Based Power Systems
Authors: Yunus A. M. Shiddiq , Swasti Sri , Purwito  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) application in Renewable Energy Based Power System. The beginning concept of HCC is considered to be formally introduced by Thomas M. Freederiksen and Ronald W. Russel in 1971 that was registered in US Patent No. US3725673. The fundamental principle of HCC is based on the comparison of the instantaneous load current to the instantaneous sine wave reference where the difference between the two is maintained within the defined upper and lower band. There are some advantages of using HCC including simple, insensitivity to load parameters variations, fast dynamic response and inherent maximum current limiting characteristics. Therefore, based on its robustness, HCC has currently applied also in renewable energy based power plants such as PV converter system, Power Electronics System of Wind Energy, and in SMES control system for Wind Energy Application. However, the drawback of HCC system was also discussed in some papers compared with other control systems, for instant HCC is giving high chattering in torque in IM drive test. Therefore the combination of HCC with other controllers also becomes a new trend to improve the applied system that involving HCC as the main controller.
Monitoring System for Organic Fertilizer Plant Controller Using Solar Energy
Authors: Mardiyanto Arief , Syamsul  , Azhar  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this applied research, a solar energy powered process control monitoring system of inorganic fertilizer plant with capacity of 300 liters has been developed. The process control system consists of PLC with solar energy panel as its power source and a monitoring process system. The monitoring process system includes a Raspberry Pi minicomputer, an LCD touchscreen, level shifter converters, Arduino Nano, RS485 modules, four analog sensors, and one digital sensor. This system works by collecting temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations data and controlling the heater, exhaust fan, and aerator to maintain desired processing conditions.DHT-22 digital sensor measures temperature and humidity, pH probe analog sensor measures pH values, MQ-4, MQ-7 and MiCS-2714 measures methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide gases respectively. Analog output sensor is read by PLC’s analog to digital converter while digital output sensor is read by 1-wire bus by Arduino. The collected data is send over RS485 to Raspberry Pi. The plant temperature is set constant at 40°C. The heater is turned on at temperature of ≤ 38°C, when temperature reach ≤ 42°C the aerator, exhaust fan, and mixer will be on and will be switched off all together at 40°C. The temperature, humidity and PH are set as the reference of the control process.
Reactive Black-5 Removal by Ozonation as Post Treatment
Authors: Wantoputri NI , Notodarmojo S , Helmy Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The textile industry is one of industries that growing rapidly in Bandung, Indonesia. It discharges enormous quantity of highly colored wastewater due to the use of water in large quantity and the use of dyes in the production process. One of the problems in processing textile wastewater with conventional biological treatment method is the ineffectiveness of color removal. A further treatment as post treatment is needed for treated wastewater discharge to remove the color. One of the method that known has high efficiency for textile color removal is by using ozonation method. In this ongoing study, the decolorization of artificial textile wastewater containing azo dye reactive-black 5 (RB5) from secondary treatment was investigated in a continuous system. Artificial treated textile wastewater from secondary biological treatment is made using 5 mg/L azo dye RB5 in 16 L volume batch reactor. The experiments show that the efficiency of color removal achieved is 100% within 10 minutes of reaction time with 24.66 mg/minutes of ozone dosage. In continuous system operation, ozonation process also conducted in 16 L volume reactor with up flow and down flow of influent feeding and HRT 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 50 minutes. The experiments show that the color removal was fluctuate Andromeda oscillation in certain interval contact time for each HRT, but higher color removal efficiency achieved in HRT 50 minutes.
Enhancing removal efficiency of heavy metals and ammonia in bioretention system using quartz sand and zeolite as filter media
Authors: Sari A Y , Suwartha N , Hartono D M , Gusniani I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bioretention is one of the stormwater runoff managements to reduce pollutant concentration such as heavy metals and ammonia. However, removal efficiency of bioretention was affected by variation of filter media. So, the aims of this study are to enhance removal efficiency of bioretention system. Three bioretention system were applied on pilot scale sized 30 × 30 × 80 cm3 combined with Iris pseudacorus. Variation of filter media composition of quartz sand and zeolite was used with ratio 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, on reactor 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Synthetic runoff water with different concentration were simulated. The results shown that variations in influent concentrations has small effect on the removal efficiency (20-40%). The average removal efficiency of bioretention 1, 2 and 3 for Pb was 91%, 78%, 83%, respectively, followed 88%, 95%, 94% for Zn and 97%, 98%, 96% for NH3. The combination of quartz sand and zeolite as filter media significantly enhance removal efficiency by 11,5% for NH3, 18% Pb and 20% Zn compared to previous similar research.
Development of Poly Lactic Acid/Kitosan Elastomer with Essential Oil Addition to Improved Performance Antibacterial Materials
Authors: Suryani  , Agusnar Harry , Wirjosentono Basuki , Rihayat Teuku , Fitria  , Nurhanifa  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Consumer demand for high quality food without chemical preservatives is a challenge for the food industry. Therefore, food packaging is needed which can extend the shelf life of food products by protecting from external factors such as microorganisms, moisture, and ultraviolet light. In this study, we synthesize Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) derived from environmentally friendly materials and the addition of chitosan to produce a material that are resistant to the development of microorganisms in food packaging applications which is a new concept innovation of biodegradable active packaging, where packaging is developed this has an ability to reduce or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the food surface. The results obtained in this study are as follows: the addition of turmeric as essential oil and chitosan have been shown to increase antibacterial activity. Elastomer biofilms produced are able to fight S.aureus and E. coli bacteria on exposure for 72 hours in an open room. They are more effective against gram-positive bacteria when compared to gram-negative. Maximum biofilm tensile strength in 4-gram chitosan variation, 0.3 mL TEO and 0.5 mL / biofilm glycerol with tensile strength of 40.01 MPa. The maximum decomposition temperature of the biofilm is obtained at 315.74°C with 4 grams chitosan variation, TEO 0.3 mL and 0.5 mL glycerol. The addition of TEO into the chitosan biofilm is also able to bind molecules of chitosan and evenly distributed molecules on the surface.
Design and Development of Real-Time Plant Process Control Monitoring System in Organic Fertilizer Production
Authors: Mardiyanto Arief 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this applied research, a plant controller with capacity of 300 litres has been developed. The system provides graphical user interface (graphics and tables) using Visual Basic program to show and monitor the fermentation process. Communication between the software and hardware is established through microcontroller’s interface. The microcontroller acts as the main controller which controls the humidity, temperature, pH, aerator, heater, exhaust fan, and the speed of the motor. Temperature and humidity sensor (DHT-22), Methane Gas sensor (CH), Carbon Gas sensor (MQ7), and Nitrogen Gas sensor (MiCS-2714) are used in this system. The domestic waste raw materials such as vegetables and sugar cane waste are thinly sliced while the fruits are grinded. Temperature, humidity, and pH readings are collected as reference parameters prior to the process starts. During the anaerobic digestion process, temperature is kept at 40°C ±1 while plant’s tube is maintained at 40°C. When the temperature falls to 39°C, the heater is switched on, when the temperature reach 40°C the heater is switched off. This research is carried on using two kind of mixture models which are: mixture model X (mixture of vegetables, fruits and sugar cane waste) and mixture model Y (same as X with additional rice husk). The mixture model X and Y C/N’s ratio is in compliance with SNI-7030-2004 standard. The real-time plant controller system proposed in this research is successfully.
Properties of Composite Boards from Coconut Coir, Plastic Waste and Urea Formaldehyde Adhesives
Authors: Milawarni  , Yassir  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the characteristic of composite boards made from coir, plastic waste, and urea formaldehyde (UF). The board samples were manufactured at a target density of 0.7 gr/cm3. The weight ratio of waste plastic and coir was 50: 50. The UF adhesive added at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% of the total weight of the composite board. The result shows that the characteristic of composite boards improves with UF adhesive added, however, no significant difference was found statistically.
Comparison of methods of heating soybean to yield and the characteristics of tofu with a mixture of acetic acid and Ie Kuloh Sira
Authors: Salmyah  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tofu is one of the vegetable proteins made from clumping of soy milk which is accompanied by heating soybean porridge and adding clumps from either acid, organic salt or a mixture of both. For heating soybean porridge can be done without filtering or heating directly with the pulp. This research was carried out by comparing the two methods and the addition of a mixture of acid and organic salts namely acetic acid and Ie Kuloh Sira in the amount of 100 ml in (0; 5; 10; 15; 20) ml, clotting time (10; 15; 20; 25; 30 ) men and soybean immersion time (5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7) hours. The results showed that the optimization process was in the addition of Ie Kuloh Sira 10 ml clumping time 20 minutes and soybean immersion time 6 hours. Process optimization was in the addition of Ie Kuloh Sira 10 ml clumping time 20 minutes and soybean immersion time 6 hours. The highest yield was 14.5% with the pulp heating method and no pulp heating, but the protein content test (Lowry method) differed slightly from the method without pulp residue, 24.3381% and 24.941%. Texture Test with higher Texture Analyzer with 480 gr pulp heating/mm2.
Separation of the Mature Level of Papaya Callina Fruit Automatically Based on Color (RGB) uses Digital Image Processing
Authors: Simbolon Z K , Syakry S A , Mulyadi  , Syahroni M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The process of sorting papaya fruit based on quality is one of the processes that greatly determines the quality of papaya fruit that will be sold to consumers. The process of identifying the quality of fruits using the human eye has the disadvantages of requiring more energy to sort, the level of human perception in terms of different fruit sorting, the level of human consistency in assessing fruit quality is also unstable because humans can experience fatigue. Research on fruit using image processing is the current trend, especially for fruit conditions, both qualities weight and size because this system processes faster and avoids or reduces failures that occur as a result of human nature. The process of selecting the level of fruit maturity in the process of recognition and determination and classification of post-harvest agricultural products on papaya fruit, depends on how the system is built. This study aims to build a quality recognition system for papaya fruits using Digital Image Processing technology, to analyze the level of color values (RGB), to determine the maturity level of papaya-callina fruit, so that later can be used as a reference in determining the maturity level of papaya fruit. First, the image of papaya is taken, or the acquisition uses a camera to be used as a database based on the condition of its maturity level. Second, the separation of the fruit image with the background based on the pixels, calculating the pixel value looking for the mean value, min, the max that is used later in the reference in determining the fruit maturity condition: young ripe, the half mature, mature. The results of this study provide information about pixel data in which young ripe papaya, red value does not dominate that is 7.785495, the green value becomes the highest value of 10.23922, papaya the half mature, it can be seen that the red and green composition of the pixel value is almost the same, namely 12.56288 and 12.12431, while the fully mature condition of the papaya, average red pixel value becomes more dominant when compared to green, which is 24,111901 for red and 13,70812 for green.
The Implementation of Graphene Composites for Automotive: An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Izzaty N. , Sastra H.Y. , Ilyas  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Graphene with its exceptional properties in particular the mechanical ones: strength and flexibility, has been found potentially applicable to improve performance of composite materials. Graphene composites is expected to be lighter yet provide more strength, much stronger than steel. This meets the growing demand in the automotive sector which requires lightweight as well as energy efficient and safe vehicles (EESVs) in order to reduce CO2 emission and achieve more fuel economy of the vehicles. Hence, it is suggested to be applied in structural applications for automobiles. However, its scalability for massive production scale is still under investigation. It encounters challenges such as high manufacturing cost, feasible fabrication techniques, as well as safety issues. This study elaborates further the industrial perspectives on the implementation of graphene composites in automotive industry. The analysis in this study emphasises on three different aspects of innovation management: business ecosystem, PESTEL analysis, and scenario planning. The results of this study reveal key partners as well as potential competitors from the insights of business ecosystem, and two major concerns from PESTEL analysis and scenario planning: sustainable supply chains and quality of the graphene composites.
Hardware Based Data Aggregation Routing Protocol for Forest Preventive Fire System
Authors: Yasri Indra , Meirizal Novri 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A hardware based Data Aggregation (DA) routing protocol to achieve energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is presented in this paper. There are 4 stages of scenarios involved in this hardware operational design i.e. the user node broadcast the interest messages, the coordinator node performs storing and transmitting the gradient information, the user node perform storing the gradient information in the interest cache and the target node to respond the interest message through the gradient flow. The hardware design testing shows the operational of Directed Diffusion is successfully implemented for all of 4 stages. Each of nodes is connected through their individual address.
Contour to Centroid Distance Graph as Feature in Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Fachri Yanuar Rudi F , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hand gesture is often used as a way of communication that is intuitive and convenient in everyday human life. Kinect camera gives cheaper and easier way to research about the hand gesture than data glove. This research combines previous research Finger-Earth Mover’s Distance (FEMD) base and Fuzzy to recognize hand gestures captured by Kinect camera. The results are graphic of each gesture obtained from a distance of centroids to hand contour. This research will be followed by next research applying fuzzy of classifying each graph of hand gesture.