bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan‐Modified Hydrogel Microsphere Encapsulating Zinc‐Doped Bioactive Glasses for Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Suppressing Inflammation and Promoting Angiogenesis
Authors: Su Xinjin , Gu Changjiang , Wei Ziheng , Sun Yanqing , Zhu Chao , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a common nerve injury caused by external force, resulting in sensory and motor impairments. Previous studies demonstrated that inhibiting the neuroinflammation promoted SCI repair. However, these approaches are low efficient, and lack targeting specificity, and even require repeated and high doses of systemic administration. To address such issues, in the present study, chitosan‐modified hydrogel microspheres encapsulating with zinc‐doped bioactive glasses (CS‐MG@Zn/BGs) is constructed for targeted repair of SCI. In vitro, the CS‐MG@Zn/BGs effectively inhibited the acute inflammatory response initiated by microglia and promoted angiogenic activities. In vivo, CS‐MG@Zn/BGs targeted the injured site, and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia infiltration and modulating microglia polarization toward M2 type. Furthermore, it facilitated vascular reconstruction, neuronal differentiation, axonal regeneration and remyelination at the injured site, and thereby promoted motor function recovery of SCI mice. The in vitro and in vivo results implied that CS‐MG@Zn/BGs may be a promising alternative for the rehabilitation of SCI.
Ligand‐Tethered Extracellular Vesicles Mediated RNA Therapy for Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Yue , Chen Shang , Huang Haoyan , Midgley Adam C. , Han Zhibo , Han Zhong‐Chao , Li Qiong , Li Zongjin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis poses a significant global health burden, in which hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a crucial role. Targeted nanomedicine delivery systems directed at HSCs have shown immense potential in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Herein, a bioinspired material, engineered therapeutic miR‐181a‐5p (a miRNA known to inhibit fibrotic signaling pathways) and targeted moiety hyaluronic acid (HA) co‐functionalized extracellular vesicles (EVs) are developed. HA is incorporated onto the surface of EVs using DSPE‐PEG as a linker, allowing preferential binding to CD44 receptors, which are overexpressed on activated HSCs. Our results confirmed enhanced cellular uptake and improved payload delivery, as evidenced by the increased intracellular abundance of miR‐181a‐5p in activated HSCs and fibrotic livers. HA‐equipped EVs loaded with miR‐181a‐5p (DPH‐EVs@miR) significantly reduce HSC activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by inhibiting the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, thus alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis. Additionally, DPH‐EVs@miR improves liver function, ameliorates inflammatory infiltration, and mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis, demonstrating superior hepatic protective effects. Collectively, this study reports a prospective nanovesicle therapeutic platform loaded with therapeutic miRNA and targeting motifs for liver fibrosis. The biomarker‐guided EV‐engineering technology utilized in this study provides a promising tool for nanomedicine and precision medicine.
Minimally Invasive Syringe‐Injectable Hydrogel with Angiogenic Factors for Ischemic Stroke Treatment
Authors: Kim Donggue , Lee Ji Woo , Kim Yang Tae , Choe Junhyeok , Kim Gaeun , Ha Chang Man , Kim Jae Geun , Song Kwang Hoon , Yang Sunggu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) accounts for most stroke incidents and causes intractable damage to brain tissue. This condition manifests as diverse aftereffects, such as motor impairment, emotional disturbances, and dementia. However, a fundamental approach to curing IS remains unclear. This study proposes a novel approach for treating IS by employing minimally invasive and injectable jammed gelatin‐norbornene nanofibrous hydrogels (GNF) infused with growth factors (GFs). The developed GNF/GF hydrogels are administered to the motor cortex of a rat IS model to evaluate their therapeutic effects on IS‐induced motor dysfunction. GNFs mimic a natural fibrous extracellular matrix architecture and can be precisely injected into a targeted brain area. The syringe‐injectable jammed nanofibrous hydrogel system increased angiogenesis, inflammation, and sensorimotor function in the IS‐affected brain. For clinical applications, the biocompatible GNF hydrogel has the potential to efficiently load disease‐specific drugs, enabling targeted therapy for treating a wide range of neurological diseases.
Bioadhesive First‐Aid Patch with Rapid Hemostasis and High Toughness Designed for Sutureless Sealing of Acute Bleeding Wounds
Authors: Zeng Ziyuan , Zhang Jiaming , Gao Yige , Song Yuanyuan , Liu Luoming , Zhu Miaomiao , Ma Wenjing , Fu Jiajun , Miao Dongyang , Huang Chaobo , Xiong Ranhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global military and civilian sectors express widespread concern over the significant hemorrhage associated with various acute wounds. Such bleedings lead to numerous casualties in military confrontations, traffic accidents, and surgical injuries. Consequently, the rapid control of the bleedings, particularly for extensive and pressurized wounds, is crucial in first‐aid situations. In this work, a double‐layered bioadhesive patch that combines a superabsorbent adhesive hydrogel with a highly tough antibacterial polyurethane film, which is called as Bio‐Patch, is proposed. The Bio‐Patch demonstrates superior mechanical strength and forms robust bioadhesion to acute bleeding wounds. Furthermore, the Bio‐Patch enables protecting against external Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Thanks to the double‐layered structures having synergistic functions of stable barrier and robust adhesion, the Bio‐Patch provides optimal wound sealing (burst strength exceeding 310 mmHg) both in vitro and in vivo. It also demonstrates superior hemostatic effects (less than 30 s) in vivo. This offers promising opportunities for rapid control of extensive and pressurized hemorrhage in first‐aid clinical scenarios.
Atom Probe Tomography: a Local Probe for Chemical Bonds in Solids
Authors: Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Yu Yuan , Köttgen Jan , Ghosh Tanmoy , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Han Shuai , Zhou Chongjian , Zhu Min , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtom probe tomography is frequently employed to characterize the elemental distribution in solids with atomic resolution. Here the potential of this technique to locally probe chemical bonds is reviewed and discussed. Two processes characterize the bond rupture in laser‐assisted field emission, the probability of molecular ions (PMI), i.e., the probability that molecular ions are evaporated instead of single (atomic) ions, and the probability of multiple events (PME), i.e., the correlated field‐evaporation of more than a single fragment upon laser‐ or voltage pulse excitation. Here it is demonstrated that one can clearly distinguish solids with metallic, covalent, and metavalent bonds based on their bond rupture, i.e., their PME and PMI values. These findings open new avenues in understanding and designing advanced materials, since they allow a quantification of bonds in solids on a nanometer scale, as will be shown for several examples. These possibilities would even justify calling the present approach bonding probe tomography (BPT).
Programmable Robotic Shape Shifting and Color Morphing Dynamics Through Magneto‐Mechano‐Chromic Coupling
Authors: Li Xueling , Cheng Yin , Zhou Yi , Shi Liangjing , Sun Jing , Ho Ghim Wei , Wang Ranran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecreating natural organisms’ dynamic shape‐morphing and adaptive color‐changing capabilities in a compact structure poses significant challenges but unlocks unprecedented hybridized robotic‐visual applications. Overcoming programmability and predictability obstacles is key to achieving real‐time, responsive changes in appearance and functionality, enhancing robot‐environment‐user interactions in ways previously unattainable. Herein, a Soft Magneto‐Mechano‐Chromic (SoMMeC) structure comprising a magnetic actuating and a synthetic photonic film, mirroring the intricate color‐tuning mechanism of chameleons is devised. A model combining numerical simulation and a strain‐dependent color evolution map enables precise predictions and controllable shape‐color alterations across various geometrical and magnetization profiles. The SoMMeC exhibits rapid (0.1s), broad (full‐visible spectrum), tether‐free (remote magnetic manipulation), and programmable (model‐guided control) color transformations, surpassing traditional limitations with its real‐time response, broad and omnidirectional coloration for enhanced visibility, and robustness against external disturbances. The SoMMeC translates into dynamic advertising iridescence, adaptive camouflage, self‐sensing, and multi‐level encryption, and transcends traditional robotics by seamlessly blending dynamic movement with nuanced visual changes. It opens up a spectrum of applications that redefine robotic functionality through dynamic appearance modulation, making robotic systems more versatile, adaptive, and suitable for unexplored integrative functions.
Photoconductance Induced by Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) in Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Haobing , Lei Yongjiu , Li Yunchuan , Xiao Bohuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) molecules have been drawing considerable attention due to their unique photophysical properties and potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Although ground and excited‐state tautomerism in various proton transfer systems associated with ESIPT has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically, the charge‐transport characteristics of ESIPT molecules at the single‐molecule level has been little investigated. In this work, scanning tunneling microscope‐based fixed junction technique (STM‐FJ) is employed with theoretical calculations to explore the electronic properties of SMe‐PhOH (with ESIPT properties), together with its photoconductance induced by ESIPT photocycle processes under continuous light illumination (254/275/295/310 nm). The conductance variation of SMe‐PhOH with different UV wavelengths exhibits a continuous photoconductance distribution, which is highly consistent with the results of its UV–vis absorption spectrum. Theoretical calculations indicate that the interaction between localized HOMO and delocalized LUMO of SMe‐PhOH K*‐state gives rise to Fano resonance, thereby leading to enhanced conductance compared with its E‐state. It reveals the microscopic mechanism of ESIPT process at the nanoscale and provides a constructive perspective for optimizing the photoresponsive properties of ESIPT‐type molecules, as well as designing high‐performance single‐molecule devices.
Predicting Fatigue Damage in Hydrogels Through Force‐Induced Luminescence Enhancement
Authors: Ma Qi , Xiong Jiaofeng , Zhou Yawen , Zhang Shilong , Wang Jiayu , Li Weizheng , Zou Xiuyang , Yan Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFatigue damage of polymers occurs under long‐term load cycling, resulting in irreversible fracture failure, which is difficult to predict. The real‐time monitoring of material fatigue damage is of great significance. Here, tough hydrogels are prepared with force‐induced confined luminescence enhancement of carbonated polymer quantum dot (CPD) clusters to realize the visualization of fracture process and the monitoring of fatigue damage. The enhanced interactions induced by force between the clusters and the polymer in the confined space inhibit the non‐radiative leaps and promote the radiative leaps to quantify the fatigue damage into optical signals. Rigid CPDs with abundant active sites on the surface can form dynamic reversible bonds with polymer and dissipate stress concentration, which significantly enhances the crack propagation strain (8000%) and fracture energy (26.4 kJ m−2) of hydrogels. CPD hydrogels have a wide range of applications in novel information encryption and luminescent robotics.
Impact of Static Electric Field on Dielectrophoretic Alignment of Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Hong Lia , Koo Doheon , Shin Hosan , Choi Suyeon , So Hongyun , Park Jae Byung , Park Woosung , Shin Jeeyoung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmong numerous approaches to assembling nanowires onto electrodes, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a potential candidate to place the nanowires. However, its yield is still far from perfection, urging fundamental understanding of its dynamics. Here, the impact of a static electric field on dielectrophoretic nanowire assembly on gold electrodes is investigated. Specifically, a 4 peak‐to‐peak alternating voltage with 700 Hz is applied and modulate the offset voltage from 0 to 2V. The highest yield in the alignment of the nanowires at 0.5 V offset voltage is found. With the optical investigation of misaligned nanowires, it is found that rotating wires on top of electrodes, and the analysis of their angular velocity suggest the impact of the induced static charges. The numerical analysis quantifies the length scale of competing two forces, dielectrophoretic force and electric double layer force. This work suggests a quantitative understanding of the interplay between dielectrophoresis and electric double layer, which contributes to the advances in scalable nanowire fabrications.
Antipolyelectrolyte Response of Amphiphilic Sulfobetaine Polymer Coatings
Authors: Schardt Lisa , Da Vela Stefano , Guajardo Alejandro Martínez , Jaugstetter Maximilian , Tschulik Kristina , Laschewsky André , Rosenhahn Axel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZwitterionic, amphiphilic polymer coatings are an effective strategy to decrease biofouling. Yet their performance strongly depends on the mechanical properties, the degree of swelling, and the structure of the swollen hydrogels. These properties depend on the zwitterionic groups in the polymers and the properties of the surrounding electrolyte. Therefore, the influence of the ions present and their concentrations on the swelling behavior of amphiphilic zwitterionic copolymers is studied. Coatings of 3‐[N‐2′‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐N,N‐dimethyl]‐ammoniopropane‐1‐sulfonate (SPE) with increasing amounts of butyl‐methacrylate (BMA) are compared to the respective homopolymers PSPE and PBMA. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy shows a salt concentration‐dependent anti‐polyelectrolyte behavior. A variation of the salts revealed that the anions dominated the swelling response, while a change of cations has hardly any effect. Small angle X‐ray scattering reveals the morphological changes in the polymer films that accompanied the swelling. With increasing salt concentration, the internal structure changed from compact pores in a gel‐like network to elongated cylindrical pores at higher salinities. The understanding gained from the presented multi‐technique approach allows to understand the behavior of zwitterionic coatings in saline solutions and helps to tailor the swelling response and mechanical properties for future marine and medical low‐fouling applications.
Hydrosilane‐Functionalized [2.2]Paracyclophane for Plasma‐Etch‐Resistant and Post‐Modifiable Poly(Para‐Xylylene)
Authors: Bichlmaier Lukas , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Kostenko Arseni , Boustani George Al , Wilhelm Rebecca , Stigler Sebastian , Tanaka Shuma , Onoe Hiroaki , Wolfrum Bernhard , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoly(para‐xylylene)s (PPXs), or so‐called parylenes, have become a well‐established polymer class in the conformal coating industry. Due to their transparent nature, low electrical conductivity, and high biocompatibility, they are ideal candidates for coating medical devices and other delicate electronics. However, the crosslinking of PPXs to enhance their durability is still challenging today. Expensive setups need to be used to obtain crosslinked PPXs. Furthermore, the possibility of functionalization post‐polymerization is limited. In this work, we present the synthesis of a hydrosilane functionalized [2.2]paracyclophane, which is used to obtain the corresponding hydrosilane functionalized poly(para‐xylylene) (PPX‐SiH). Through the formation of siloxane bonds during the low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP‐CVD), which increases internal bonding, PPX‐SiH is obtained as a flexible and durable polymer film. The siloxane formation during the LP‐CVD is investigated through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, mechanistic insights into the formation of siloxane bonds are given through quantum chemical calculation. The Si‐H bonds in the polymer allow for oxidation to form bridging siloxane moieties which enhances stretchability while also increasing the resistance to organic solvents. Through the passivation of the surface during oxygen plasma treatment, PPX‐SiH becomes practically plasma‐etch‐resistant.
Fully Solution‐Processed Polymeric Multilayer Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Hu Shiyu , Zhang Yanguang , Wang Dongze , Weber John , Chang Shoude , Xiao Gaozhi , Lu Jianping , Graddage Neil , Gao Jun , Siddiqui Tahmid Rakin , Islam Suprabha , Kim Chun‐il , Tao Ye 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates fully solution‐processed polymeric multilayer piezoelectric devices. The key challenge, the effective control of the redissolution issue that will cause severe electrical shorting and inconsistent piezoelectric output, is overcome by searching for and using a solvent that offers adequate solubility but extremely slow dissolution for the piezoelectric polymer. The solvent screening methodology is established and demonstrated. The process parameters is systematically optimized to maximize the piezoelectric performance of the multilayer devices. The multilayer devices can output a high charge density of 376 µC m−2, even higher than the record charge density of 250 µC m−2 achieved by traditional contact electrification‐based triboelectric nanogenerators operated in ambient air. The crucial factors for increasing device fabrication yield, namely resistance to short circuits and poling‐induced breakdown, are analyzed. The potential of multilayer devices in practical applications is demonstrated using a five‐layer device as a direct power source and energy harvester. More importantly, the process developed here is transferrable for cost‐effective high‐throughput roll‐to‐roll production. This work thus lays the foundation for the mass production of polymeric multilayer piezoelectric devices and paves the way for their future commercialization.
3D Printing of Highly Electrically Conductive Zinc for Sustainable Electronics Applications
Authors: Aeby Xavier , Yan Xiaomei , Huber Timon , Schneider Aaron , Siqueira Gilberto , Nyström Gustav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of electronic devices raises concerns about resource availability and end‐of‐life management, particularly regarding conductors for interconnects and sensing elements. While gold and silver are the leading materials for interconnects, they pose challenges related to scarcity, cost, and toxicity. Zinc offers a promising alternative due to its good electrical conductivity, non‐toxicity, abundance, and affordability. However, challenges in achieving high conductivity and waste generation from processing techniques like screen‐printing remain. To address this, a zinc ink optimizes for 3D printing is proposed, using active zinc particles in a shellac matrix. The methods, including chemical and photonic sintering, achieve conductivities of up to 8.74•104 S m⁻¹ on paper substrates, with stable performance over a range of 30%–70% relative humidity at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C respectively. Potential applications in high‐conductivity transducers for humidity sensing and metal‐air batteries are demonstrated, achieving a maximum power output of 3.5 mW and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.25 V. The integration of digital material assembly of zinc, reliable high‐performance operation, and non‐toxicity pave the way for innovative advancements in sustainable electronics, including applications in environmental sensing, e‐textiles, and healthcare.
Lead‐Sulfide‐Based Hybrid Inorganic‐Organic Superlattice Particles for Prominent Nonlinear Optical Absorption
Authors: Yang Lan , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Li Hui , Li Wenbo , Dai Sheng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi , Huang Zhipeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSimultaneously optimizing nonlinear absorption coefficient and modulation depth is a considerable challenge for nonlinear optical materials. Here we present an effective solution through constructing PbS2‐based inorganic‐organic superlattice. PbS2/Cn superlattice particles are synthesized, where n (4, 6, and 8) denotes the number of carbon atoms in the organic component. First‐principles simulations indicate the formation of covalent bonds and van der Waals interaction between PbS2 unit and interlayer organic molecules. All samples exhibit strong nonlinear absorption under femtosecond laser excitation with a wavelength range between 515 nm and 900 nm, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient increases with interlayer distance. The optimized sample, PbS2/C8, demonstrates outstanding nonlinear absorption and substantial modulation depth under 800 nm (the third‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff, 10449 ± 609 cm GW−1; modulation depth, 39.1%) and 900 nm (the fifth‐order nonlinear absorption coefficient γeff, 6465 ± 68 cm3 GW−2; modulation depth, 88.1%), which exhibits saturable absorption under 515 nm (βeff, ‐4932 ± 818 cm GW−1; modulation depth, 48.1%). It exhibits a small optical limiting threshold of 1.23 mJ cm−2. These performances surpass those of typical single‐/few‐layer metal chalcogenides. Structural and spectral analyses elucidate that the remarkable optical nonlinearity can be attributed to quantum confinement in the inorganic layer and the dielectric enhancement of the superlattice.
High‐Efficiency and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off Blue‐Emission Crystalline Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by embedding Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Nanoaggregates
Authors: Zheng Wantao , Zhu Feng , Yan Donghang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrystalline host matrix (CHM)‐nanoaggregates (NA) structure combines the advantages of a crystalline host matrix and high‐performance luminescent materials. This structure emerges as a highly effective strategy for achieving efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This approach can tackle the current challenge of achieving low voltage and high brightness in amorphous OLEDs. In this work, triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) material NA are embedded into CHM and sensitize the fluorescent dopant (D) BD1. As a result, a CHM‐TTANA‐D structure device is created, demonstrating an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.46%. Notably, the efficiency roll‐off is mitigated. The device maintains an EQE of ≈7.50% at 1000 cd m−2, which is the highest values among blue crystalline OLEDs. The device leverages the benefits of CHM and exhibits swift turn‐on and a rapid increase in brightness and current density. This leads to a significant improvement in blue photon output and a reduced series‐resistance Joule heat loss ratio. The findings underscore the promising nature of the CHM‐TTANA‐D structure as a favorable design paradigm for high‐performance crystalline thin‐film OLEDs (C‐OLEDs).