bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12.5% Flexible Nonfullerene Solar Cells by Passivating the Chemical Interaction Between the Active Layer and Polymer Interfacial Layer
Authors: Xiong Sixing , Hu Lin , Hu Lu , Sun Lulu , Qin Fei , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells (OSCs) have been attracting significant attention in the past several years. It is still challenging to achieve high‐performance flexible NF OSCs. NF acceptors are chemically reactive and tend to react with the low‐temperature‐processed low‐work‐function (low‐WF) interfacial layers, such as polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), which leads to the “S” shape in the current‐density characteristics of the cells. In this work, the chemical interaction between the NF active layer and the polymer interfacial layer of PEIE is deactivated by increasing its protonation. The PEIE processed from aqueous solution shows more protonated N+ than that processed from isopropyl alcohol solution, observed from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. NF solar cells (active layer: PCE‐10:IEICO‐4F) with the protonated PEIE interfacial layer show an efficiency of 13.2%, which is higher than the reference cells with a ZnO interlayer (12.6%). More importantly, the protonated PEIE interfacial layer processed from aqueous solution does not require a further thermal annealing treatment (only processing at room temperature). The room‐temperature processing and effective WF reduction enable the demonstration of high‐performance (12.5%) flexible NF OSCs.
Homozygous/compound heterozygote RYR1 gene variants: Expanding the clinical spectrum
Authors: Alkhunaizi Ebba , Shuster Shirley , Shannon Patrick , Siu Victoria Mok , Darilek Sandra , Mohila Carrie A , Boissel Sarah , Ellezam Benjamin , Fallet‐Bianco Catherine , Laberge Anne‐Marie , Zandberg Julianne , Injeyan Marie , Hazrati Lili‐Naz , Hamdan Fadi , Chitayat David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) is a calcium release channel essential for excitation‐contraction coupling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles. Dominant variants in the RYR1 have been well associated with the known pharmacogenetic ryanodinopathy and malignant hyperthermia. With the era of next‐generation gene sequencing and growing number of causative variants, the spectrum of ryanodinopathies has been evolving with dominant and recessive variants presenting with RYR1‐related congenital myopathies such as central core disease, minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia, core‐rod myopathy, and congenital neuromuscular disease. Lately, the spectrum was broadened to include fetal manifestations, causing a rare recessive and lethal form of fetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome (FADS)/arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and lethal multiple pterygium syndrome. Here we broaden the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with homozygous/compound heterozygous RYR1 gene variants to include a wide range of manifestations from FADS through neonatal hypotonia to a 35‐year‐old male with AMC and PhD degree. We report five unrelated families in which three presented with FADS. One of these families was consanguineous and had three affected fetuses with FADS, one patient with neonatal hypotonia who is alive, and one individual with AMC who is 35 years old with normal intellectual development and uses a wheelchair. Muscle biopsies on these cases demonstrated a variety of histopathological abnormalities, which did not assist with the diagnostic process. Neither the affected living individuals nor the parents who are obligate heterozygotes had history of malignant hyperthermia.
Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes by Selective Introduction of Hydrogen into the Anion
Authors: Zhang Heng , Oteo Uxue , Zhu Haijin , Judez Xabier , Martinez‐Ibañez Maria , Aldalur Itziar , Sanchez‐Diez Eduardo , Li Chunmei , Carrasco Javier , Forsyth Maria , Armand Michel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe anion chemistry of lithium salts plays a pivotal role in dictating the physicochemical and electrochemical performance of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), thus affecting the cyclability of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). The bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) has long been studied as the most promising candidate for SPEs; however, the Li‐ion conductivities of the TFSI‐based SPEs still remain low (Li‐ion transference number: ca. 0.2). In this work, we report new hydrogen‐containing anions, conceived based on theoretical considerations, as an electrolyte salt for SPEs. SPEs comprising hydrogen‐containing anions achieve higher Li‐ion conductivities than TFSI‐based ones, and those anions are electrochemically stable for various kinds of ASSLMBs (Li–LiFePO4, Li–S, and Li–O2 batteries). This opens up a new avenue for designing safe and high‐performance ASSLMBs in the future.
Directional Threading and Sliding of a Dissymmetrical Foldamer Helix on Dissymmetrical Axles
Authors: Wang Xiang , Gan Quan , Wicher Barbara , Ferrand Yann , Huc Ivan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the self‐assembly of a dissymmetrical aromatic oligoamide helix on linear amido‐carbamate rods. A dissymmetric sequence bearing two differentiated ends is able to wrap around dissymmetric dumbbell guest molecules. Structural and thermodynamic investigations allowed us to decipher the mode of binding of the helix that can bind specifically to the amide and carbamate groups of the rod. In parallel kinetic studies of threading and sliding of the helix along linear axles were also monitored by 1H NMR. Results show that threading of a dissymmetrical host can be kinetically biased by the nature of the guest terminus allowing a preferential sense of sliding of the helix. The study presented below further demonstrates the valuable potential of foldaxanes to combine designed molecular recognition patterns with fine control of self‐assembly kinetics to conceive complex supramolecular events.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of α‐Alkoxyamides to α‐Fluorinated Ketones
Authors: Pluta Roman , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2019

Abstractα‐Oxygen‐functionalized amides found particular utility as enolate surrogates for direct aldol couplings with α‐fluorinated ketones in a catalytic manner. Because of the likely involvement of open transition states, both syn‐ and anti‐aldol adducts can be accessed with high enantioselectivity by judicious choice of the chiral ligands. A broad variety of alkoxy substituents on the amides and aryl and fluoroalkyl groups on the ketone were tolerated, and the corresponding substrates delivered a range of enantioenriched fluorinated 1,2‐dihydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives with divergent diastereoselectivity depending on the ligand used. The amide moiety of the aldol adduct was transformed into a variety of functional groups without protection of the tertiary alcohol, showcasing the synthetic utility of the present asymmetric aldol process.
Blast furnace slag or fly ash filled rigid polyurethane composite foams: A comprehensive investigation
Authors: Akkoyun Meral , Akkoyun Serife 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTGround granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) are iron‐making industry and power plant byproducts, respectively. Although their use in concrete is quite common, investigation of the effects of these inorganic compounds on polymer properties is quite new, and their use as fillers in polymer foam composites has not yet been really explored. Their properties, such as high electrical resistivity, make them a good asset for use in rigid polyurethane foams that are widely used for insulation. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the effect of BFS and FA on morphology, electrical and thermal conductivity, and rheological and mechanical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams was performed. The relationship between these properties was examined. A relative enhancement of the properties is observed for filled foams, especially up to the percolation threshold. The results highlight a noticeable effect of the electrical percolation threshold on the different properties of foams. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47433.
Functional characterization for polymorphic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP/SLCO1B1, 1B3, 2B1) of monkeys recombinantly expressed with various OATP probes
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Uno Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Kume Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hepatic uptake of clinical drugs mediated by human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP/SLCO) has been reported extensively. In this study, hepatic uptake by recombinantly expressed monkey OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 was investigated using three human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 substrates (pitavastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin) and one OATP1B3 substrate (telmisartan), as the governmental drug interaction guidelines recommend, and seven reported clinical drugs. The uptake of known human probes into recombinant OATP‐expressing cells was significantly greater than that of mock cells. Consequently, pitavastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin were suggested to be substrates of recombinant monkey OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, and telmisartan was suggested to be a substrate of recombinant monkey OATP1B3, in a manner similar to human OATPs. In contrast, atorvastatin, bosentan, etoposide, fexofenadine, fluvastatin, glibenclamide and simeprevir were broadly transported by recombinant monkey OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1. Furthermore, some of the 16 non‐synonymous monkey OATP1B1 variants found in 64 cynomolgus and 32 rhesus monkeys mediated up to a 1.6‐fold [3H]pitavastatin uptake (with low Michaelis constant values) in comparison with the wild type under the present conditions. Despite sequences of monkey recombinant OATPs not being totally reflective of those of human OATPs, our results collectively suggested that OATP1B1, OATP1B3 or OATP2B1 in monkeys could mediate roughly a similar hepatic uptake of various OATP probes. Recombinant monkey OATPs would be good experimental tools for in vitro hepatic uptake in cell systems.
Type of education and civic and political attitudes
Authors: Witschge Jacqueline , Rözer Jesper , van de Werfhorst Herman G. 
Published: January 2019

In addition to increasing cognitive skills and preparing students for the labour market, one of the core tasks of education is to prepare citizens for participation in democracy. Considering the ideal of democratic equality, it is important to know the degree to which civic outcomes of education are distributed equally. One feature of the education system that can lead to differential civic outcomes is tracking, that is, the sorting of students into different types of education. In this study, we examine the relationship between type of education (general/academic or vocational) and five attitudinal dimensions of civic and political engagement between the ages of 14 and 49 years in the Netherlands. By using panel data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (n = 5,312) and applying linear fixed effects models, we can observe the effect of a transition in the type of education on the within‐person change in our outcome variables. The findings demonstrate that transitions in the type of education have little effect on intention to vote, trust in institutions or ethnic tolerance. However, students making transitions in general/academic education develop higher levels of interest in politics and generalised trust than do students in vocational education or people outside the education system. This point suggests that general/academic education fosters civic and political participation.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumors: Multimodality treatment and new risk factors
Authors: Scheer Monika , Vokuhl Christian , Blank Bernd , Hallmen Erika , von Kalle Thekla , Münter Marc , Wessalowski Rüdiger , Hartwig Maite , Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Schlegel Paul‐Gerhardt , Kramm Christof M. , Kontny Udo , Spriewald Bernd , Kegel Thomas , Bauer Sebastian , Kazanowska Bernarda , Niggli Felix , Ladenstein Ruth , Ljungman Gustaf , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Fuchs Jörg , Bielack Stefan S. , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa ,   the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe [CWS]
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate optimal therapy and potential risk factors.MethodsData of DSRCT patients <40 years treated in prospective CWS trials 1997‐2015 were analyzed.ResultsMedian age of 60 patients was 14.5 years. Male:female ratio was 4:1. Tumors were abdominal/retroperitoneal in 56/60 (93%). 6/60 (10%) presented with a localized mass, 16/60 (27%) regionally disseminated nodes, and 38/60 (63%) with extraperitoneal metastases. At diagnosis, 23/60 (38%) patients had effusions, 4/60 (7%) a thrombosis, and 37/54 (69%) elevated CRP. 40/60 (67%) patients underwent tumor resection, 21/60 (35%) macroscopically complete. 37/60 (62%) received chemotherapy according to CEVAIE (ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin D, carboplatin, epirubicin, etoposide), 15/60 (25%) VAIA (ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, actinomycin D) and, 5/60 (8%) P6 (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, ifosfamide, etoposide). Nine received high‐dose chemotherapy, 6 received regional hyperthermia, and 20 received radiotherapy. Among 25 patients achieving complete remission, 18 (72%) received metronomic therapies. Three‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11% (±8 confidence interval [CI] 95%) and 30% (±12 CI 95%), respectively, for all patients and 26.7% (±18.0 CI 95%) and 56.9% (±20.4 CI 95%) for 25 patients achieving remission. Extra‐abdominal site, localized disease, no effusion or ascites only, absence of thrombosis, normal CRP, complete tumor resection, and chemotherapy with VAIA correlated with EFS in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, significant factors were no thrombosis and chemotherapy with VAIA. In patients achieving complete remission, metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide/vinblastine correlated with prolonged time to relapse.ConclusionPleural effusions, venous thrombosis, and CRP elevation were identified as potential risk factors. The VAIA scheme showed best outcome. Maintenance therapy should be investigated further.
Biomolecule‐Assisted Synthesis of Hierarchical Multilayered Boehmite and Alumina Nanosheets for Enhanced Molybdenum Adsorption
Authors: Saptiama Indra , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yuliarto Brian , Kumada Hiroaki , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Fujita Yoshitaka , Malgras Victor , Fukumitsu Nobuyoshi , Sakae Takeji , Hatano Kentaro , Ariga Katsuhiko , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effective utilization of various biomolecules for creating a series of mesoporous boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) and gamma‐alumina (γ‐Al2O3) nanosheets with unique hierarchical multilayered structures is demonstrated. The nature and concentration of the biomolecules strongly influence the degree of the crystallinity, the morphology, and the textural properties of the resulting γ‐AlOOH and γ‐Al2O3 nanosheets, allowing for easy tuning. The hierarchical γ‐AlOOH and γ‐Al2O3 multilayered nanosheets synthesized by using biomolecules exhibit enhanced crystallinity, improved particle separation, and well‐defined multilayered structures compared to those obtained without biomolecules. More impressively, these γ‐AlOOH and γ‐Al2O3 nanosheets possess high surface areas up to 425 and 371 m2 g−1, respectively, due to their mesoporous nature and hierarchical multilayered structure. When employed for molybdenum adsorption toward medical radioisotope production, the hierarchical γ‐Al2O3 multilayered nanosheets exhibit Mo adsorption capacities of 33.1–40.8 mg g−1. The Mo adsorption performance of these materials is influenced by the synergistic combination of the crystallinity, the surface area, and the pore volume. It is expected that the proposed biomolecule‐assisted strategy may be expanded for the creation of other 3D mesoporous oxides in the future.
Preparation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and their application for improving the properties of the electrochemical sensor for the determination of enrofloxacin in real samples
Authors: Yuting Liu , Jing Zhang , Donghui Li 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn advanced electrochemical sensor for the detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) based on the use of a modified electrode containing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The CdS NPs were synthesized and characterized and then coated onto the electrode to fabricate a modified electrode that exhibited a lower limit of detection of 9.5 × 10−8 mol·L−1. This detection limit compares with a traditional electrode that exhibited a concentration detection range of 1.0 × 10−2 to 1.0 × 10−7 mol·L−1. This modified electrode demonstrated good selectivity, reproducibility, response time (<40 s), lifetime (up to 12 wk), and pH range (3.3‐7.2) for the determination of ENR in real samples (eg, pig urine).
smartLAB – Interaktives Arbeiten in digitalisierter Laborumgebung
Authors: Porr Marc , Marquard Daniel , Stanislawski Nils , Austerjost Jonas , Russo Mario , Bungers Simon , Klimmt Christoph , Scheper Thomas , Beutel Sascha , Lindner Patrick 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDas smartLAB ist ein Verbund aus akademischen und nicht‐akademischen Partnern mit dem Ziel eine realistische Vision des Labors der Zukunft zu entwickeln. Hierfür wird eine digitale und interaktive Laborumgebung geschaffen, die den Menschen im Laboralltag anleitet und unterstützt, nicht ersetzt. In diesem Artikel werden dabei die Gebiete Geräteansteuerung, Workflow‐Entwicklung, Dokumentation und Nutzerinteraktion beleuchtet sowie das Zusammenspiel dieser Bereiche. Außerdem wird die hardwareseitige Umsetzung dargestellt und wichtige Konzepte erläutert.
Rückgewinnung von CaCO3 aus dem Nephelinschlamm der Aluminiumoxidproduktion
Authors: Kononchuk Olga O. , Goncharova Maria V. , Hippmann Sebastian , Kraft Michael , Bertau Martin , Alexeev Alexey I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBei der Produktion von Aluminiumoxid aus dem Na‐Aluminiumsilikat Nephelin fallen trotz einer integrierten Prozessführung große Reststoffmengen an, die der Deponierung zugeführt werden müssen. Mithilfe einer Rückgewinnung von Pirssonit, ist es möglich, aus dem anfallenden Nephelinschlamm Calciumcarbonat und Kieselsäurehydrogel zu gewinnen und so das Schlammaufkommen erheblich zu reduzieren. Das zurückgewonnene Calciumcarbonat kann in den Aufbereitungsprozess zurückgeführt und das Kieselsäurehydrogel für die Herstellung von Baustoffen und Geopolymeren eingesetzt werden.
Development of novel apoferritin formulations for antitumour benzothiazoles
Authors: Breen Alastair F. , Wells Geoffrey , Turyanska Lyudmila , Bradshaw Tracey D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe benzothiazole structure is important in medicinal chemistry, and 5‐fluoro‐2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (GW 610) is of particular interest as it shows outstanding anticancer activity in sensitive breast and colorectal carcinoma cell lines via generation of lethal DNA adducts in sensitive cancer cells. Despite promising activity, poor water solubility limits its applications. The apoferritin (AFt) protein cage has been proposed as a robust and biocompatible drug delivery vehicle.AimsHere, we aim to enhance solubility of GW 610 by developing amino acid prodrug conjugates and utilizing the AFt capsule as drug delivery vessel.Methods and resultsThe potent experimental antitumour agent, GW 610, has been successfully encapsulated within AFt with more than 190 molecules per AFt cage. The AFt‐GW 610 complex exhibits dose‐dependent growth inhibition and is more potent than GW 610 alone in 5/7 cancer cell lines. To enhance both aqueous solubility and encapsulation efficiency, a series of amino acid esters of GW 608 prodrug were synthesized via N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ester coupling to produce molecules with different polarity. A dramatic increase in encapsulation efficiency was achieved, with more than 380 molecules of GW 608‐Lys molecules per AFt cage. Release studies show sustained release of the cargo over 12 hours at physiologically relevant pH. The AFt‐encapsulated amino acid modified GW 608 complexes are sequestered more rapidly and exhibit more potent anticancer activity than unencapsulated agent.ConclusionThese results indicate that AFt‐encapsulation of GW 610 prodrug provides a biocompatible delivery option for this potent, selective experimental antitumour agent and for amino acid‐modified GW 608. Of particular interest is the encapsulation efficiency and in vitro antitumour activity of AFt‐GW 608‐Lys, which warrants further preclinical evaluation.
Helicenes as Chiroptical Photoswitches
Authors: Ravat Prince , Šolomek Tomáš , Juríček Michal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this Concept Article, we analyze known helicene systems that function as chiroptical photoswitches from a stereochemical perspective and classify them based on the type of transformation of the helicene core that takes place during the switching process. In every case, we inspect the stereodynamics of each of the two forms of the switch and the stereospecificity of their interconversion, and we discuss the chemical working principles and chiroptical responses of the switches. We hope that our analysis will motivate the design of new types of helicene photoswitches to expand the structural diversity of this, at present rare but beautiful, class of compounds.
Detection and Determination of Released Ions in the Presence of Nanoparticles: Selectivity or Strategy?
Authors: Hernández Deamelys , Cepriá Gemma , Laborda Francisco , Castillo Juan R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles can release ionic species, but also both species can occur in the same samples. Therefore, there is a need of efficient and cost‐effective methods to determine these ionic species in the presence of the corresponding nanoparticles. Electroanalytical techniques open the door to this selective detection of NPs and their ions. In this work, a methodology that allows the direct determination of ionic silver (Ag+) in the presence of silver nanoparticles based on anodic stripping voltammetry was implemented. Silver nanoparticles were determined, after acidic digestion of the sample, by difference with respect to the total content of silver. The method was validated in terms of specific identification of silver ions, linearity, working range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, repeatability and ruggedness. All parameters are adequate for an analytical method following Eurachem recommendations. The validated method was used to determine the concentration of Ag+ and total silver in two commercial products of colloidal silver. The results were compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry in combination with an ultrafiltration step for isolation of ionic silver. There were no significant differences in the results. The proposed methodology benefits from the intrinsic selectivity of the electroanalysis methods, allowing to eliminate the steps of pretreatments of the samples, which are necessary in other techniques. The novelty of the article lies in the direct determination of Ag (I) ions in the presence of AgNPs, without the use of previous separation steps.