bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the antioxidant activity of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd extracts in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Ji , Guo Dongyan , Fan Yu , Sun Jing , Cheng Jiangxue , Shi Yajun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtracts of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, containing flavonoids with good antioxidant and antiliver injury properties, possess various biological activities. The aim of this study was to explore the antioxidant activity of these extracts in vitro and in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied using scavenging 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and superoxide free radicals and by inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. An in vivo antioxidant experiment was performed using a rat‐aging model. Aging was induced in rats with D‐galactose through treating them at doses of extracts about 150, 300, and 600 mg·kg−1·day−1. The Malus hupehensis extracts showed high antioxidant activity; the IC50 values of DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals, superoxide radicals, and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition were 19.00 μg/mL, 303.94 μg/mL, and 3.71 mg/mL, and 1.16 mg/mL, respectively. Our experiments showed that the extracts significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the serum and tissue homogenate in vivo, and that the effects were positively correlated with the dose, compared with the activity observed in controls. Histopathological observation also confirmed that the extracts had protective effects after oxidative injury in rat tissues. In conclusion, the extracts of M. hupehensis showed effective antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo.
High‐density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation as a molecular signature of the risk for developing cardiovascular disease: Results from MASHAD cohort
Authors: Samadi Sara , Mehramiz Mehrane , Kelesidis Theodoros , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour , Sahebkar Amir Hosein , Esmaily Habibollah , Moohebati Mohsen , Farjami Zahra , Ferns Gordon A. , Mohammadpour Amir hooshang , Avan Amir 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than level may better predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the contribution of the impaired antioxidant function of HDL that is associated with increased HDL lipid peroxidation (HDLox) to the development of clinical CVD remains unclear. We have investigated the association between serum HDLox with incident CVD outcomes in Mashhad cohort. Three‐hundred and thirty individuals who had a median follow‐up period of 7 years were recruited as part of the cohort. The primary end point was cardiovascular event, including myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. In both univariate/multivariate analyses adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, HDLox was an independent risk factor for CVD (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–1.86;
p < 0.001). For every increase in HDLox by 0.1 unit, there was an increase in CVD risk by 1.62‐fold. In an adjusted analysis, there was a >2.5‐fold increase in cardiovascular risk in individuals with HDLox higher than cutoff point of 1.06 compared to those with lower scores, suggesting HDLox > 1.06 is related to the impaired HDL oxidant function and in turn exposed to elevated risk of CVD outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.88–3.94). Higher HDLox is a surrogate measure of reduced HDL antioxidant function that positively associated with cardiovascular events in a population‐based cohort.
The brain cognitive reserve hypothesis: A review with emphasis on the contribution of nuclear medicine neuroimaging techniques
Authors: Giovacchini Giampiero , Giovannini Elisabetta , Borsò Elisa , Lazzeri Patrizia , Riondato Mattia , Leoncini Rossella , Duce Valerio , Mansi Luigi , Ciarmiello Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeuropathological and clinical evidence indicates that the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs as neuropathology exceeds the brain reserve capacity. The brain or cognitive reserve (BCR) hypothesis states that high premorbid intelligence, education, and an active and stimulating lifestyle provide reserve capacity, which acts as a buffer against the cognitive deficits due to accumulating neuropathology. Neuroimaging studies that assessed the BCR hypothesis are critically reviewed with emphasis on study design and statistical analysis. Many studies were performed in the last two decades owing to the increasing availability of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography scanners and to the synthesis of new radiopharmaceuticals, including tracers for amyloid and tau proteins. Studies with different tracers provided complementary consistent results supporting the BCR hypothesis. Many studies were appropriately designed with a measure of reserve, a measure of brain anatomy/function/neuropathology, and a measure of cognitive functions that are necessary. Most of the early studies were performed with PET and [
18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, and occasionally with [
15O]water, reporting a significant association between higher occupation/education and lower glucose metabolism (blood flow) in associative temporo‐parietal cortex in patients with AD and also in patients with MCI, after correcting for the degree in the cognitive impairment. On the contrary, performances on several neuropsychological tests increased with increasing education for participants with elevated [
11C]PiB uptake. Studies with the tracers specific for tau protein showed that patients with AD with elevated tau deposits had higher cognitive performances compared with patients with similar levels of tau deposits. BCR in AD is also associated with a preserved cholinergic function. The BCR hypothesis has been validated with methodologically sound study designs and sophisticated neuroimaging techniques using different radiotracers and providing an explanation for neuropathological and clinical observations on patients with AD.
Inactivating the ubiquitin ligase Parkin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human keloids
Authors: Lei Rui , Shen Jian , Zhang Shizhen , Liu Aiyu , Chen Xi , Wang Yang , Sun Jiaqi , Dai Siya , Xu Jinghong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKeloids are a common type of pathological skin healing, characterized by the destruction of the vascular network. Thus, keloids often exhibit anoxic conditions. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is a core factor that mediates hypoxia stress responses and allows the cells to adapt to low‐oxygen conditions. In the current study, we identified that Parkin acted as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, contributing to the degradation of HIF‐1α in keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Silencing of Parkin in KFs upregulated HIF‐1α expression and prolonged its protein half‐life. Furthermore, Parkin influenced transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)/Smad signaling by targeting HIF‐1α. Under hypoxic conditions, silencing Parkin enhanced KF proliferation and inhibited apoptosis through the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. Notably, metformin, an antidiabetic drug, could significantly induce Parkin expression and enhance the interaction between Parkin and HIF‐1α. As a result, we revealed an important mechanism for Parkin in keloid development and suggested that targeting Parkin could be an alternative method for keloid treatment.
KCNQ1OT1 affects the progression of diabetic retinopathy by regulating miR‐1470 and epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Shao Jun , Pan Xubin , Yin Xiaowen , Fan Guangming , Tan Chengye , Yao Yong , Xin Yu , Sun Chao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which has been considered as the most common disease leading to vision loss. However, it is still unclear whether KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) could affect DR. In this study, regarding quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, KCNQ1OT1 level was upregulated while microRNA‐1470 (miR‐1470) was decreased in DR patients and human retinal endothelial cells. High KCNQ1OT1 expression was correlated with DR stage and low visual function. Using miR‐1470 mimic or knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 could lead to the similar phenomenon; phospho‐AKT, Bax, B‐cell lymphoma 2, and cleaved poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) were regulated, while vascularization was inhibited and apoptosis was promoted. Regarding bioinformatics analysis and in vitro dual luciferase reporter assay, there should be a negative correlation between KCNQ1OT1 and miR‐1470. Additionally, mRNA of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was proved as the target of miR‐1470 and EGFR targeting by miR‐1470 initiated KCNQ1OT1 deficiency‐induced apoptosis and promoted proliferation. KCNQ1OT1 and miR‐1470 were proved to be the promoter and repressor of EGFR, respectively. The results suggested that KCNQ1OT1 could sponge miR‐1470 and further regulate EGFR in DR.
Irradiation‐induced osteocyte damage promotes HMGB1‐mediated osteoclastogenesis in vitro
Authors: He Feilong , Bai Jiangtao , Wang Jianping , Zhai Jianglong , Tong Ling , Zhu Guoying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIrradiation‐induced bone loss is widely reported, especially in radiotherapy‐induced osteoporosis. In addition to the mechanism of osteogenesis inhibition and osteoclastogenesis promotion, the regulation effect of osteocytes, which also send signals to modulate osteoclastogenesis, should be elucidated. In this study, the effect of irradiation on osteocyte and its accommodation to osteoclastogenesis via the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was explored. Furthermore, the control response of HMGB1 inhibitor on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in osteocyte and osteocyte‐induced osteoclastogenesis was assessed. It was observed that irradiated osteocyte‐like MLO‐Y4 cells exhibited polygonal‐shaped morphological changes and shortened dendrites, inhibited cell viability and induced cellular apoptosis, along with the reduction in dendritic E11 protein/messenger RNA expression at a doses of 4 Gy. Additionally, the secretion of HMGB1 in supernatants was promoted, accompanied by the decreased OPG and elevated RANKL expression. When the RAW264.7 cells were cocultured with irradiated MLO‐Y4 cells or its conditioned medium, enhanced migration and differentiation of osteoclast precursor was observed, and this difference was alleviated with anti‐HMGB1 neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that irradiation deteriorated osteocytes’ potential to promote recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursor via stimulating HMGB1 release and subsequent elevation of RANKL/OPG level. This study will assist in designing the intervention programs for irradiation‐induced bone loss.
The effect of final irrigation with MTAD, QMix, and EDTA on smear layer removal and mineral content of root canal dentin
Authors: Nogo‐Živanović Dajana , Kanjevac Tatjana , Bjelović Ljiljana , Ristić Vladimir , Tanasković Irena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo compare the smear layer removal ability and mineral content of root canal dentine after initial irrigation with NaOCl and final irrigation with MTAD, QMix, and 17% EDTA. Forty extracted human maxillary incisors before root canal preparation and irrigation with NaOCl were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the type of final irrigants used: MTAD, QMix, 17% EDTA, and control (sterile distilled water). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the presence of smear layer. SEM energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used to quantify dentin mineral composition in MTAD, QMix, 17% EDTA group, and in no‐treatment samples (no‐treatment group; n = 10). Among the various chelating agents, there were no significant differences in the smear layer removal in the middle and coronal thirds (p > .05). In the apical third, QMix removed significantly more smear layer than 17% EDTA (p < .05), but similarly to MTAD (p > .05). Final irrigation with MTAD resulted in a significant increase in the carbon (C) value compared to EDTA (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the mineral composition between the MTAD and the QMix group, although the values of the mineral elements were significantly altered in the MTAD group. QMix had smear layer removal capability similar to MTAD but better than EDTA in the apical third. MTAD yielded the most pronounced effect on mineral component of root dentin; however, differences were significant only for C level compared to 17% EDTA.
Mark Twain's life‐long fascination with phrenology
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSamuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain; 1835–1910), American humorist and writer, followed scientific and medical developments, and relished exposing questionable practices and ideas. In his youth, he pondered how phrenologists were assessing character, and in 1855 he copied sections of a phrenology book and a skull diagram into a notebook. Later, in London, he had two phrenological examinations by Lorenzo Fowler—one without and the other after identifying himself. Following his “test,” which produced contrasting results, he began to ridicule phrenologists and phrenology inTom Sawyer,Huckleberry Finn,and other works. He underwent at least two more head readings in the United States, and inEddypus, an unfinished work from 1901 to 1902, he maintained that phrenologists base their insights primarily on how people dress and answer questions. Although now lampooning the craniological tenets of phrenology, Twain never seemed to reject the idea of distinct faculties of mind associated with specialized brain organs.
Reevaluating the initial impact of John Broadus Watson on American psychology: The necessity of comparative parameters
Authors: de Freitas Araujo Saulo , Saraiva Fernando Tavares , de Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, various studies have challenged the traditional view that John Broadus Watson's Behaviorist Manifesto prompted a psychological revolution. However, methodological hindrances underlie all these attempts to evaluate the impact of Watson's study, such as the absence of comparative parameters. This article remedies this problem by conducting a comparative citation analysis involving Watson and eight other representative psychologists of the time: J. R. Angell, H. Carr, J. M. Cattell, J. Dewey, G. S. Hall, W. James, E. L. Thorndike, and E. B. Titchener. Eight important American journals were scrutinized for the period between 1903 and 1923, a decade before and a decade after the publication of Watson's Manifesto. The results suggest that even if Watson's study cannot be taken as revolutionary, it had an impact between 1914 and 1923 that was close to Dewey's, Titchener's, and Thorndike's and higher than Angell's, Carr's, Cattell's, and Hall's, although distant from James's. Finally, some methodological implications of this study are discussed.
Reaction between Zinc and Hydrochloric Acid in Solutions Containing Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide CnTAB (n = 8, 10, and 12) Cationic Surfactants: Influence of Surfactant Chain Length
Authors: Altwaiq Abdelmnim M. , Abdel‐Rahem Rami A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe influence of CnTAB cationic surfactant chain length (n = 8, 10, and 12) on the reaction rate of zinc powder and 0.1 M HCl hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions was determined at room temperature. Solutions of single surfactants consisting of dodecyl, decyl, and octyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium bromide surfactants CnTAB were prepared at room temperature. From the surface tension and conductivity measurements, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the three surfactants were obtained in the presence and absence of the acid. No significant change was observed for CMC values in pure water and in 0.01 M HCl. Adsorption of CnTAB surfactants onto 1% wt./vol zinc (in powder form), using surface tension measurements, was then investigated. The adsorption tendency of CnTAB surfactants onto zinc powder followed the order: C8TAB > C10TAB > C12TAB. The role of surfactants in the reaction rate between zinc powder and 0.1 M M HCl was then investigated using conductivity measurements. A significant difference in the reaction rate was found depending on the surfactant chain length. Reaction times of 3830, 4963, 14,172, and 20,053 s were found for the zinc reaction with (0.1 M HCl), (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C8TAB), (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C10TAB), and (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C12TAB), respectively, suggesting a significant dependency of the reaction rate on the CnTAB chain length. Finally, some corrosion parameters such as the corrosion rate, corrosion inhibition efficiency, and their dependency on CnTAB chain length were presented and discussed.
Synthesis, Surface Activity, Thermodynamic Parameters, and Performance Evaluation of Branched Carboxylate Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Xie Yangchun , Li Jie , Zhu Ruihua , Sun Tong , Qu Guangmiao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree novel carboxylate gemini surfactants (3CntaDA, n = 8, 10, and 12) were synthesized by two simple steps, and their structures were characterized using FT‐IR and 1H NMR. The surface activities of these surfactants were obtained from surface tension measurements at different temperatures, and the surface parameters containing the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension (γ), minimum surface area per molecule (
Amin), and maximum surface excess concentration (
Γmax) were obtained from surface tension measurements. The experimental results show that 3CntaDA surfactants have higher surface activities compared with the corresponding conventional surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process were investigated, and the calculated results show that it was an exothermic and spontaneous process. The emulsification and foam performance of these surfactants were also evaluated at different concentrations at 298.15 K.
Development of a two‐layer transport model in layered muddy–permeable marsh sediments using224Ra–228Th disequilibria
Authors: Shi Xiangming , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Cai Pinghe , He Lijian , Moore Willard S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderground seepage and the sediment–water interface are important pathways for transporting concentrated pore water solutes through permeable sediments. In this study, we utilized radium‐224/thorium‐228 disequilibria to examine solute transport throughout shallow sediments (depth < 30 cm) of a tidal marshland, North Inlet, South Carolina, over a seasonal cycle. Distinct224Ra–228Th disequilibria patterns indicate that significant pore water exchange occurred both directly across the sediment–water interface and at depth as underground seepage. Temporal variations in phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) pore water concentrations also support this two‐layer transport model. Solute transport across the interface was influenced by seasonal bioirrigation, with highest exchange rates occurring in the late spring. Interfacial flux of dissolved Fe ranged over two orders of magnitude, from 0.5 mmol m−2d−1to 134 mmol m−2d−1, and fluxes of soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) and dissolved Mn varied from 0.01 mmol m−2d−1to 0.72 mmol m−2d−1and from 0.04 mmol m−2d−1to 2.7 mmol m−2d−1, respectively. Seepage occurs year‐round, with fluid exchange rates related to the distance from the tidal creek. SRP transport via seepage ranged from 0.98 mmol m−2d−1to 5.0 mmol m−2d−1, one order of magnitude higher than across the sediment–water interface. Reduction/oxidation reactions at depth diminished trace metal concentrations in deep pore water, and lowered the transport efficiency of Fe and Mn along seepage paths. Although an appreciable fraction of exported solutes likely returns to marsh sediments during tidal circulation, our results indicate that organic‐rich sediments provide a potentially large source of nutrients and trace elements to the coastal ecosystem.
Radiating a circularly polarized impulse through a dispersive spiral antenna
Authors: Park Hong Soo , Hong Sun K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel method of radiating circularly polarized (CP) impulse through a dispersive spiral antenna is presented. The proposed method utilizes time‐reversal‐based pulse compression to radiate a CP impulse without any modification to the existing antenna design, providing flexibility where the antenna can be used as a normal dispersive spiral antenna when TR is not applied. Using an Archimedean spiral antenna, the proposed method is validated with numerical simulation and measurement.
Miniaturized half‐mode SIW band‐pass filter design integrating dumbbell DGS cells
Authors: Noura Ahmed , Benaissa Mohamed , Abri Mehadji , Badaoui Hadjira , Vuong Tan‐Hoa , Tao Junwu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the numerical and experimental results of a miniaturized half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide HMSIW C‐band pass filter with defected ground structure DGS, using two slots and dumbbell shape defected ground structure. These two slots which are etched on the upper plane of the SIW cavity are used to constitute a multiple‐mode resonator, and the dumbbell‐shape fractal DGS etched on the bottom plane can considerably enhance the filter's performances. The manufactured band‐pass filter in half mode based on SIW technology has a size nearly half of that of a normal filter. The measurements results obtained by CST in C‐band show that the manufactured filter has a large transmitted bandwidth of about 1.53 GHz from 5.97 to 7.5 GHz. The higher measured insertion is about −2.6 dB and the lower return loss measured is about −34 dB. The size of filter design achieved is 7.48 × 38.12 mm2 which make it the more compact in comparison with some published works at the C‐band frequency.
Gain and Bandwidth Investigations of a Novel PIFA Antenna employing Partial Ground at 2.3 GHz for WiMax/WiFi/WLAN Applications
Authors: Raviteja G. Viswanadh , Lakshmi V. Rajya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with a modified planar inverted F‐antenna designed to operate at 2.3 GHz. The modifications are done with an intention of achieving wide bandwidth. It involves the simulation of a basic PIFA, for which dual U‐Slots are deployed and in order to obtain wider bandwidth the concept of the partial ground is taken into consideration. The main motivation behind this is to achieve an impedance bandwidth over 1 GHz which will prove to be useful in addressing several types of wireless and mobile applications. The simulated findings show that proposed PIFA achieved a bandwidth of 1.35 GHz (55.9%) with a gain close to 4.98 dB. The new antenna's size 20 mm × 10 mm (L1 × L2 mm) was compact and the fabrication cost is also less. The fabricated prototype was tested and measured and a good agreement was observed between the simulated and the measured results.