bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid‐sintered dental zirconia for chair‐side one‐visit application
Authors: Li Ling , Zhao Chenyang , Du Zhaofu , Qiu Yuexiu , Si Wenjie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo satisfy the requirement of dental chair‐side clinical technique, zirconia ceramics is required to be sintered in 1 hour; the effect of rapid‐speed sintering dwell time on dental zirconia was investigated. The relative density was measured through Archimedes method; Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometer were employed to characterize the microstructures; Universal mechanical test machine and Vickers indenter were used to evaluate the mechanical properties; Spectrophotometer was utilized to analyze the optical transmittance, and optical microscope was used to estimate the marginal adaptation of zirconia crown with abutment. Previous results indicated that rapid‐speed sintering and dwelling at 1580°C for 20 minutes could help dental zirconia achieve adaptable clinical performances with bending strength of around 1151 MPa, hardness of 13.3 GPa, and fracture toughness of 5.92 MPa•m1/2, as well as adaptable optical transmittance and marginal adaptation.
“Migrant Capital” and Domestic Work: Labour Trajectories of Immigrant Women in Spain
Authors: del Rey Alberto , Rivera‐Navarro Jesús , Paniagua de la Iglesia Tania 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the labour trajectory of migrant women in domestic service. The research considers women's working conditions upon arrival, or their “migrant capital” (i.e. their human, social and economic capital) as the defining factors in their labour trajectories. The study, conducted on a sample of migrant women in domestic service, reveals the different value each type of capital has at each stage of a labour trajectory. The social network is the core capital in their first job. Nevertheless, the key factors in labour mobility are human capital and a household's financial needs. The processes of administrative regularization and family reunification prompt far‐reaching changes in these women's labour trajectories. Finally, labour trajectories during the economic crisis have been shaped by financial needs, leading to a decapitalization of the human capital acquired, with even legal status surrendering its value.
Utilisation of systemic therapy options in routine treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in Australia
Authors: Delahunty Rachel , Lee Margaret , Wong Hui‐Li , Johns Julie , Mckendrick Joseph , Lee Belinda , Kosmider Suzanne , Cooray Prasad , Ananda Sumitra , Desai Jayesh , Tran Ben , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Wong Rachel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), exposure to all three active cytotoxic agents, 5‐fluorouracil/capecitabine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, improves overall survival. The addition of biologic agents (bevacizumab and cetuximab/panitumumab) further improves survival. The uptake of available systemic agents for mCRC in routine practice in Australia is poorly described.MethodsThe ACCORD database was interrogated to determine demographics, treatments and outcomes for patients diagnosed with mCRC between 1 January 2011 and 1 January 2016 at six Melbourne centres.ResultsAbout 1130 mCRC patients were identified: median age was 69 years (range 26–105); 61% had synchronous disease. KRAS status was known in 62%, of whom 49% were KRAS wild‐type. At the time of analysis, 67% of all patients had commenced systemic treatment, 50% had received two or more lines of therapy and 19% of KRAS wild‐type patients had received all five active drugs. Of KRAS‐mutated patients, 35% had received all four Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme–reimbursed active drugs. Patients who had not received chemotherapy included 72 patients who underwent metastasectomy alone. At a median follow up of 34 months, median overall survival was 25 months for all patients and 69 months for those who underwent metastasectomy.ConclusionIn this community‐based cohort, 33% of patients had not received any systemic therapy for mCRC, and few patients had received all available active systemic agents. As many patients remain alive, these figures will likely increase over time. The overall survival of patients with mCRC in this community‐based cohort was 25 months and not dissimilar to that achieved in recent clinical trials.
Staff experiences and understandings of the REsTRAIN Yourself initiative to minimize the use of physical restraint on mental health wards
Authors: Duxbury Joy , Thomson Gill , Scholes Amy , Jones Fiona , Baker John , Downe Soo , Greenwood Paul , Price Owen , Whittington Richard , McKeown Mick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternational efforts to minimize coercive practices include the US Six Core Strategies© (6CS). This innovative approach has limited evidence of its effectiveness, with few robustly designed studies, and has not been formally implemented or evaluated in the UK. An adapted version of the 6CS, which we called ‘REsTRAIN Yourself’ (RY), was devised to suit the UK context and evaluated using mixed methods. RY aimed to reduce the use of physical restraint in mental health inpatient ward settings through training and practice development with whole teams, directly in the ward settings where change was to be implemented and barriers to change overcome. In this paper, we present qualitative findings that report on staff perspectives of the impact and value of RY following its implementation. Thirty‐six staff participated in semi‐structured interviews with data subject to thematic analysis. Eight themes are reported that highlight perceived improvements in every domain of the 6CS after RY had been introduced. Staff reported more positively on their relationships with service users and felt their attitudes towards the use of coercive practices such as restraint were changed; the service as a whole shifted in terms of restraint awareness and reduction; and new policies, procedures, and language were introduced despite certain barriers. These findings need to be appreciated in a context wherein substantial reductions in the use of physical restraint were proven possible, largely due to building upon empathic and relational alternatives. However, yet more could be achieved with greater resourcing of inpatient care.
Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome
Authors: Alraddadi Basem M. , Qushmaq Ismael , Al‐Hameed Fahad M. , Mandourah Yasser , Almekhlafi Ghaleb A. , Jose Jesna , Al‐Omari Awad , Kharaba Ayman , Almotairi Abdullah , Al Khatib Kasim , Shalhoub Sarah , Abdulmomen Ahmed , Mady Ahmed , Solaiman Othman , Al‐Aithan Abdulsalam M. , Al‐Raddadi Rajaa , Ragab Ahmed , Balkhy Hanan H. , Al Harthy Abdulrahman , Sadat Musharaf , Tlayjeh Haytham , Merson Laura , Hayden Frederick G. , Fowler Robert A. , Arabi Yaseen M. ,   The Saudi Critical Care Trials Group
Published: March 2019

BackgroundNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used in patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, but the effectiveness of this approach has not been studied.MethodsPatients with MERS from 14 Saudi Arabian centers were included in this analysis. Patients who were initially managed with NIV were compared to patients who were managed only with invasive mechanical ventilation (invasive MV).ResultsOf 302 MERS critically ill patients, NIV was used initially in 105 (35%) patients, whereas 197 (65%) patients were only managed with invasive MV. Patients who were managed with NIV initially had lower baseline SOFA score and less extensive infiltrates on chest radiograph compared with patients managed with invasive MV. The vast majority (92.4%) of patients who were managed initially with NIV required intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation, and were more likely to require inhaled nitric oxide compared to those who were managed initially with invasive MV. ICU and hospital length of stay were similar between NIV patients and invasive MV patients. The use of NIV was not independently associated with 90‐day mortality (propensity score‐adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI [0.23, 1.60] P = 0.27).ConclusionsIn patients with MERS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, NIV failure was very high. The use of NIV was not associated with improved outcomes.
Avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infections among poultry workers, swine workers, and the general population in Beijing, China, 2013‐2016: A serological cohort study
Authors: Ma Chunna , Cui Shujuan , Sun Ying , Zhao Jiachen , Zhang Daitao , Zhang Li , Zhang Yi , Pan Yang , Wu Shuangsheng , Duan Wei , Zhang Man , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundFew studies have reported on the seroprevalence of antibodies against avian influenza A (H9N2) virus and the incidence of these infections in the northern China and among swine workers.MethodsWe conducted a serological cohort study among people working with poultry or swine or the general population in Beijing, China. It comprised four cross‐sectional serological surveys in November 2013, April 2014, April 2015, and April 2016. Blood samples collected from the participants were tested for anti‐H9N2 antibodies using a hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) assay. Multivariable Poisson regression model was then used to compare the person‐month incidence rates for H9N2 viral infections among the three groups, assessed by incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsIn the four cross‐sectional surveys, the highest seroprevalence of anti‐H9N2 antibodies (HI titer ≥ 80) was recorded in the poultry workers (2.77%, 19/685) in April 2016, while the lowest was recorded in the general population (0.09%, 1/1135) in April 2015. The highest incidence density rate for H9N2 infections across the whole study period was recorded among the poultry workers (3.75/1000 person‐months), followed by the swine workers (1.94/1000 person‐months) and the general population (1.78/1000 person‐months). Multivariable analysis showed that the poultry workers were at higher risk (IRR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.07‐5.48; P = 0.034) of contracting H9N2 virus than the general population.ConclusionsAlthough the seroprevalence of H9N2 antibodies was low in Beijing, the poultry workers were at higher risk of contracting H9N2 viral infections than the general population. Closer monitoring and strengthened protection measures for poultry workers are warranted.
Estrogenic effects on temporomandibular disorder and pain
Authors: Stinson Crystal , Bellinger Larry L. , Puri Jyoti , Ahuja Neelam , Bender Steven D. , Kramer Phillip R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeIt has become more apparent that studies focusing on the effect of sex steroids on orofacial pain in humans and animals require careful attention to the methods of hormone replacement. As a result, the purpose of this review is to highlight differences in estrogen concentration and its effects on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and behavior.MethodsThis literature review searched keywords TMJ, orofacial, pain, nociception sex steroids, estrous cycle, menstrual cycle estradiol, and progesterone.ResultsIn the case of estrogen, the change in concentration was a consideration, as a rise in estrogen can lead to protective effects and a decrease in estrogen appears to exacerbate the pain response. The dosage and timing was important when administering sex steroids as many orofacial pain studies conducted on animals have used large pharmacologic dosages and/or have given the hormone in a nonphysiologic way that does not mimic natural secretion patterns.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that when performing studies or experiments these factors can result in alteration of the pain or behavioral response, as well as, joint structure and inflammatory response. Therefore, these factors must be considered when designing experiments focused on determining the mechanisms of action for sex steroids.
In situ Y2Si2O7 coatings on Hi‐Nicalon‐S SiC fibers: Phase formation and fiber strength
Authors: Boakye Emmanuel E. , Mogilevsky Pavel , Key Thomas S. , Parthasarathy Triplicane A. , Keller Kristin A. , Opeka Samuel J. , Hay Randall S. , Cinibulk Michael K. , Corns Randall 
Published: March 2019

AbstractY2Si2O7 coatings were formed on Hi‐Nicalon‐S SiC fibers by reaction of solution‐derived YPO4 coatings with glass SiO2 scales formed by fiber oxidation. Two oxidation methods were used: pre‐oxidation, where fibers were oxidized prior to YPO4 coating, or post‐oxidation, where fibers were first coated with YPO4 and then oxidized. Fibers with YPO4/SiO2 films were heat‐treated in argon at 1200°C for 20 hours to react YPO4 and SiO2 to Y2Si2O7. The effects of SiO2 to YPO4 film thicknesses on fiber strength and on the Y2Si2O7formation kinetics were investigated. An optimized process to obtain single‐phase continuous Y2Si2O7 coatings on Hi‐Nicalon‐S fibers with low loss in fiber strength is suggested.
A novel chalcohalide fiber with high nonlinearity and low material zero‐dispersion via extrusion
Authors: Zhao Zheming , Chen Peng , Wang Xunsi , Xue Zugang , Tian Youmei , Jiao Kai , Wang Xian‐ge , Peng Xuefeng , Zhang Peiqing , Shen Xiang , Dai Shixun , Nie Qiuhua , Wang Rongping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh nonlinear fibers with low zero‐dispersion wavelength (ZDW), high laser power tolerance and large band‐gap are urgent for all‐optical‐band supercontinuum (SC) generations. Widely used chalcogenide fibers usually have a large ZDW and low laser power tolerance, and thus are not ideal for such purpose. Here, an ultra‐low material ZDW chalcohalide (ChH) glass fiber with high nonlinearity as well as high laser power tolerance has been fabricated successfully via a novel peeling‐off‐extrusion method. The step‐index fiber has double‐cladding structure, the inner cladding is GeGaSe‐CsI glass and the outer one is GeSbS jacket. The core glass has an ultra‐low material ZDW of 3.5 μm and large absorption edge of 2.0 eV. The nonlinear refractive index is 6.67 × 10−18 m2/W @1.55 μm. Broadband SC generation covering 1.05‐13.0 μm is demonstrated in this novel ChH fiber. Such glass fiber with high nonlinearity, wide transparent range, low ZDW and high laser damage threshold is promising for the applications in the mid‐infrared.
Experiences of peer support for newly qualified nurses in a dedicated online group: Study protocol
Authors: Webster Natalie , Jenkins Catharine , Oyebode Jan , Bentham Peter , Smythe Analisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo explore experiences of online peer support for newly qualified nurses.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis.MethodPhase one involves conducting focus groups with newly qualified nurses in the West Midlands area to refine the online peer support environment. Phase two involves 30–40 new nurses joining an online peer group for 3 months; participants will be able to access a general chat community alongside a more structured discussion board. Phase 3 will collect written interview data from all participants about their experiences of online peer support. Face‐to‐face interviews with 10–12 participants will also be undertaken. The study will run from May 2018–October 2019.FindingsData from focus groups, written and verbal interviews will be analysed using thematic analysis with the aid of NVivo software. Findings will be disseminated to participants and key stakeholders involved in the study and also via publication and networking events.ConclusionIf online peer support is found to be beneficial to new nurses, it may be adopted by local NHS trusts as part of an innovation scheme.ImpactIt is important that the psychological well‐being of nurses is addressed as more nurses are now leaving than joining the profession; this is an international concern. Online peer support may offer a sustainable and accessible means of promoting psychological well‐being in the nursing workforce. In such a way, contributory factors to low retention rates such as burnout, stress and job dissatisfaction may also be reduced.
How many migrants are people willing to welcome into their country? The effect of numerical anchoring on migrants’ acceptance
Authors: Lalot Fanny , Quiamzade Alain , Falomir‐Pichastor Juan M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow many migrants are people willing to welcome into their country? Relying on a classical anchoring paradigm, we investigated the effect of numerical anchors reported in communication media echoing political positions regarding how many migrants should be accepted in one country. Four studies (N = 601) tested the effect of a numerical anchor within a politician’s statement on the number of migrants that people think should be accepted in their home country. Across studies, we found a strong anchor effect (average Cohen’s d = 1.40, 95% CI [1.18, 1.63]): participants were willing to accept a higher (vs. lower) number of migrants following a high (vs. low) anchor. Importantly, the effect occurred among both left wing‐ and right wing‐oriented participants, although being slightly smaller among the latter (Study 3). Moreover, it was independent from the political party serving as the source for the anchors as well as participants’ attitude toward these political parties (Study 4). Relevance of the present findings for persuasion and political decision‐making literature is discussed.
Clinical utility of carotid ultrasonography: Application for the management of patients with diabetes
Authors: Katakami Naoto , Matsuoka Taka‐aki , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarotid ultrasonography is a non‐invasive, simple and inexpensive modality to assess the severity of atherosclerosis. This article reviews related articles, summarizes the rationale for the application of carotid ultrasonography in clinical practice, and addresses the features and the limitations of carotid ultrasonography in cardiovascular risk prediction. Numerous large studies have confirmed that various carotid ultrasound measures, such as carotid intima‐media thickness, the presence or absence of carotid plaque, plaque number and plaque area, can be independent predictors of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, many studies showed that the use of carotid intima‐media thickness (especially maximum intima‐media thickness, including plaque thickness) and/or carotid plaque in addition to traditional risk factors significantly improved the prediction of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, while controversy remains. Several studies showed that the progression of carotid intima‐media thickness also can be a surrogate end‐point of cardiovascular events. However, the accumulated evidence has not been sufficient. Further study with sufficient power should be carried out. As plaque disruption, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, is dependent on the content of lipid in the atheroma and the thickness of the fibrous cap, tissue characterization of a plaque might be useful for determining its fragility. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid lesions could improve the prediction ability of future cardiovascular diseases. Thus, carotid ultrasonography is a useful modality for better clinical practice of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes.
Juvenile Justice in Oregon: Balanced and Restorative Justice in Action
Authors: McMahan Christina L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe goals of Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) are to hold juvenile offenders meaningfully accountable, hear and empower crime victims and engage communities both as stakeholders who have been negatively impacted and as advocates to make things right for the crime victim, offender, and community. This article examines how several Oregon juvenile justice agencies have put BARJ into action over the last 25 years, highlighting specific examples of how several agencies have made this the philosophical underpinning of their work. An overview of the philosophical principles, values, and goals that drive this approach is also discussed.
Optimization of ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction of β‐carotene from orange processing waste
Authors: Shahram Homa , Dinani Somayeh Taghian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this research, extraction of β‐carotene pigment from orange processing waste was investigated by combining ultrasonic and enzymatic processes using ethanol solvent. In order to optimize the extraction conditions, the effect of pectinase enzyme concentration [0–5% (w/w)], ultrasonic time (10–120 min), and pH of solution (3.5–6) on dependent variables of β‐carotene content, antioxidant activity, color parameters of L*, a*, and b*, and browning index (BI) of extracts was investigated using response surface methodology. Optimal condition of ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction treatment using ethanol solvent was estimated as pectinase concentration of 0.40% (w/w), ultrasonic time of 115.55 min, and pH of 5.11 to achieve the highest amounts of β‐carotene content, antioxidant activity, color parameters of L*, a*, and b*, and the lowest amount of BI parameter. The results of scanning electron microscopy images showed that using ultrasound waves and the pectinase enzyme, in particular in the case of using ethanol solvent, disrupted the sample tissue. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the functional groups of the extracts were not degraded during the ultrasonic and enzymatic processes.Practical applicationsThe increasing awareness and demand of consumers for enriched functional foods with bioactive compounds such as β‐carotene pigment is promising. It has resulted in an improved interest in extracting β‐carotene pigment from food processing waste sources. In addition, it has led to application of novel extraction methods such as ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction. The results of this study showed that optimal treatment of ultrasonic‐enzymatic treatment using ethanol solvent compared to maceration treatment using ethanol solvent resulted in a higher β‐carotene content.