bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenome-based diversity and functional analysis of culturable microbes in sugarcane
Authors: Lin Haidong , Wu Liang , Zhang Lijun , Ta Quang Kiet , Liu Peng , Song Jinkang , Yang Xiping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane is a key crop for sugar and energy production, and understanding the diversity of its associated microbes is crucial for optimizing its growth and health. However, there is a lack of thorough investigation and use of microbial resources in sugarcane. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of culturable microbes and their functional features in different tissues and rhizosphere soil of four diverse sugarcane species using metagenomics techniques. The results revealed significant microbial diversity in sugarcane’s tissues and rhizosphere soil, including several important biomarker bacterial taxa identified, which are reported to engage in several processes that support plant growth, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of plant hormones. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) studies identified unique microbial communities in different parts of the same sugarcane species, particularly
Burkholderia
, which exhibited significant variations across the sugarcane species. Microbial analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) indicated that genes related to sucrose metabolism were mostly present in specific bacterial taxa, including
Burkholderia
,
Pseudomonas
,
Paraburkholderia
, and
Chryseobacterium
. This study improves understanding of the diversities and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Moreover, the approaches and findings of this study provide valuable insights for microbiome research and the use of comparable technologies in other agricultural fields.

IMPORTANCE
This work utilized metagenomics techniques for conducting a comprehensive examination of culturable microbes and their functional characteristics in various tissues and rhizosphere soil of four distinct sugarcane species. This study enhances comprehension of the diversity and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Furthermore, the methodologies and discoveries of this work offer new perspectives for microbiome investigation and the use of similar technologies in other agricultural fields.
Performance of deep learning models in predicting the nugent score to diagnose bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Watari Tomohisa , Akamatsu Kenji , Miyatsuka Isao , Otsuka Yoshihito 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Nugent score is a commonly used diagnostic tool for bacterial vaginosis. However, its accuracy depends on the skills of laboratory technicians. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning models in predicting the Nugent score to improve diagnostic consistency and accuracy. In total, 1,510 vaginal smear images collected from a hospital in Japan between 2021 and 2023 were assessed. Each image was annotated by laboratory technicians into one of four categories based on the Nugent score—normal vaginal flora, no vaginal flora, altered vaginal flora, or bacterial vaginosis. Deep learning models were developed to predict these categories, and their performance was compared to that of technician annotations. The deep learning models demonstrated 84% accuracy at 400× magnification and 89% at 1,000× magnification. The 1,000× model was further optimized and tested on an independent set of 106 images. After optimization, the advanced model achieved 94% accuracy, outperforming the average 92% accuracy of the technicians. The agreement between the advanced model predictions and technicians was 92% for normal vaginal flora, 100% for no vaginal flora, 91% for altered vaginal flora, and 100% for bacterial vaginosis. Overall, our findings suggest that deep learning models have the potential to diagnose bacterial vaginosis with an accuracy comparable to that of laboratory technicians.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial vaginosis is a global health issue affecting women, causing symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge and discomfort. The Nugent score is a standard method for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis and is based on the manual interpretation of Gram-stained vaginal smears. However, this method relies on the skill and experience of trained professionals, leading to variability in results and poses significant challenges for settings with limited access to experienced technicians. The results of this study indicate that deep learning models can predict the Nugent score with high accuracy, offering the potential to standardize the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. By reducing observer variability, these models can facilitate reliable diagnoses, even in settings where experienced personnel are scarce. Although validation is needed on a larger scale, our results suggest that deep learning models may represent a new approach for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis.
6-(Pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines: Synthesis, Structure, and Wheat Growth Regulating Activity
Authors: Dmitrieva I. G. , Vasilin V. K. , Dotsenko V. V. , Aksenov N. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
4-Methyl-6-pyrazolyl-2-chloronicotinonitriles were synthesized by the reaction of 6-hydrazino-4-methyl-2-chloronicotinonitriles with 1,3-diketones. Upon treatment with hydrazine and methylhydrazine, 4-methyl-6-pyrazolyl-2-chloronicotinonitriles were converted into the corresponding 3-amino-4-methyl-6-pyrazolyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. A similar reaction involving 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and ethylhydrazine was accompanied by elimination of the alkyl substituent and also led to the formation of 3-amino-6-pyrazolyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. Acylation and carbamoylation of the prepared compounds proceeded regioselectively at the amino group. One of the new compounds, N-[6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]cyclopropanoylamide, showed a growth-stimulating effect in the field experiments on winter wheat crops.
Preclinical evaluation of antigen-sensitive B7-H3-targeting nanobody-based CAR-T cells in glioblastoma cautions for on-target, off-tumor toxicity
Authors: Meeus Fien , Funeh Cyprine Neba , Awad Robin Maximilian , Zeven Katty , Autaers Dorien , De Becker Ann , Van Riet Ivan , Goyvaerts Cleo , Tuyaerts Sandra , Neyns Bart , Devoogdt Nick , De Vlaeminck Yannick , Breckpot Karine 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundGlioblastoma is the most common lethal primary brain tumor, urging evaluation of new treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) are promising because of the overexpression of B7-H3 on glioblastoma cells but not on healthy brain tissue. Nanobody-based (nano)CARs are gaining increasing attention as promising alternatives to classical single-chain variable fragment-based (scFv)CARs, because of their single-domain nature and low immunogenicity. Still, B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells have not been extensively studied in glioblastoma.MethodsB7-H3 nanoCAR- and scFvCAR-T cells were developed and evaluated in human glioblastoma models. NanoCAR-T cells targeting an irrelevant antigen served as control. T cell activation, cytokine secretion and killing capacity were evaluated in vitro using ELISA, live cell imaging and flow cytometry. Antigen-specific killing was assessed by generating B7-H3 knock-out cells using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-genome editing. The tumor tracing capacity of the B7-H3 nanobody was first evaluated in vivo using nuclear imaging. Then, the therapeutic potential of the nanoCAR-T cells was evaluated in a xenograft glioblastoma model.ResultsWe showed that B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells were most efficient in lysing B7-H3posglioblastoma cells in vitro. Lack of glioblastoma killing by control nanoCAR-T cells and lack of B7-H3negglioblastoma killing by B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells showed antigen-specificity. We showed in vivo tumor targeting capacity of the B7-H3 nanobody—used for the nanoCAR design—in nuclear imaging experiments. Evaluation of the nanoCAR-T cells in vivo showed tumor control in mice treated with B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells in contrast to progressive disease in mice treated with control nanoCAR-T cells. However, we observed limiting toxicity in mice treated with B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells and showed that the B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells are activated even by low levels of mouse B7-H3 expression.ConclusionsB7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells showed promise for glioblastoma therapy following in vitro characterization, but limiting in vivo toxicity was observed. Off-tumor recognition of healthy mouse tissue by the cross-reactive B7-H3 nanoCAR-T cells was identified as a potential cause for this toxicity, warranting caution when using highly sensitive nanoCAR-T cells, recognizing the low-level expression of B7-H3 on healthy tissue.
Analytical solution for rainwater infiltration in monolithic soil covers under heavy rainfall and its implications for practice
Authors: Li Guangyao , Liu Zhaolong , Jiao Weiguo , Feng Song , Zhan Liangtong , Du Xiuli 
Published: November 2024

Global warming has caused frequent occurrences of extreme rainfall events worldwide. Studying the rainwater infiltration in monolithic soil covers (MSCs) and associated slope stability under heavy rainfall presents practical significance for landfill management. This study established an analytical solution for rainwater infiltration in MSCs during heavy rainfall assuming that the soil hydraulic properties follow exponential forms. The analytical solution was used to calculate the factor of safety (FOS) of MSCs after the verification with numerical simulations. It is found that the FOS for the potential slip surface at the cover bottom remained the lowest during and after heavy rainfall. The percolation and FOS might present pronounced “lag effects”, meaning that the maximum percolation rate and minimum FOS occurred after heavy rainfall. A parametric study was conducted to reveal the influencing factors on the hydraulic response and slope stability of MSCs based on the analytical solution. Relevant results demonstrate that the hydraulic performance and slope stability could be improved by decreasing soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, increasing soil desaturation coefficient, and lowering water level in landfills. The results also reveal the existence of a threshold of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (1 × 10−8 m/s for this study) for controlling the hydraulic performance and slope stability of MSCs. Furthermore, the analytical solution was applied to determine the rainfall intensity–duration threshold curves of MSCs. The results indicate that the obtained curves of MSCs satisfied exponential forms. This study provides an effective tool and valuable guidance for the design and maintenance of MSCs.
Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic accretion on a general spherically symmetric and static black hole: quantum effects on shock states
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Jamil Mubasher , Noda Sousuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, our aim is to extend our earlier work [Ahmed et al. in Eur. Phys. J. C 76:280, 2016], investigating an axisymmetric plasma flow with angular momentum onto a spherical black hole. To accomplish that goal, we focus on the case in which the ideal magnetohydrodynamic approximation is valid, utilizing certain conservation laws which arise from particular symmetries of the system. After formulating a Hamiltonian of the physical system, we solve the Hamilton equations and look for critical solutions of (both in and out) flows. Reflecting the difference from the Schwarzschild spacetime, the positions of sonic points (fast magnetosonic point, slow magnetosonic point, Alfvén point) are altered. We explore several kinds of flows including critical, non-critical, global, magnetically arrested and shock induced. Lastly, we analyze the shock states near a specific quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole and determine that quantum effects do not favor shock states by pushing the shock location outward.
Demonstration of magnetically silent optically pumped magnetometers for the TUCAN electric dipole moment experiment
Authors: Klassen Wolfgang , Ahmed Shomi , Grehan Kiera Pond , Hovde Chris , Madison Kirk W. , Mammei Russell R. , Martin Jeffery W. , McCrea Mark , Mohammadi Tahereh , Momose Takamasa , Opsahl Patrick , Ostapchuk David C. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report the performance of a magnetically silent optically pumped cesium magnetometer with a statistical sensitivity of 3.5 pT/$$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$$

Hz

at 1 Hz and a stability of 90 fT over 150 s of measurement. Optical pumping with coherent, linearly-polarized, resonant light leads to a relatively long-lived polarized ground state of the cesium vapour contained in a measurement cell. The state precesses at its Larmor frequency in the magnetic field to be measured. Nonlinear magneto-optical rotation then leads to the rotation of the plane of polarization of a linearly polarized probe laser beam. The rotation angle is modulated at twice the Larmor frequency. A measurement of this frequency constitutes an absolute measurement of the magnetic field magnitude. Featuring purely optical operation, non-magnetic construction, low noise floor, and high stability, this sensor will be used for the upcoming TUCAN electric dipole moment experiment and other highly sensitive magnetic applications. Novel aspects of the system include commercial construction and the ability to operate up to 24 sensors on a single probe laser diode.
Anisotropic charge transport in strongly magnetized relativistic matter
Authors: Ghosh Ritesh , Shovkovy Igor A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate electrical charge transport in hot magnetized plasma using first-principles quantum field theoretical methods. By employing Kubo’s linear response theory, we express the electrical conductivity tensor in terms of the fermion damping rate in the Landau-level representation. Utilizing leading-order results for the damping rates from a recent study within a gauge theory, we derive the transverse and longitudinal conductivities for a strongly magnetized plasma. The analytical expressions reveal drastically different mechanisms that explain the high anisotropy of charge transport in a magnetized plasma. Specifically, the transverse conductivity is suppressed, while the longitudinal conductivity is enhanced by a strong magnetic field. As in the case of zero magnetic field, longitudinal conduction is determined by the probability of charge carriers to remain in their quantum states without damping. In contrast, transverse conduction critically relies on quantum transitions between Landau levels, effectively lifting charge trapping in localized Landau orbits. We examine the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the transverse and longitudinal electrical conductivities over a wide range of parameters and investigate the effects of a nonzero chemical potential. Additionally, we extend our analysis to strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma and study the impact of the coupling constant on the anisotropy of electrical charge transport.
Correcting Class III Malocclusion Using Multiloop Edgewise Archwire (MEAW) Combines Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) With Modified Class III Elastics for Camouflage Treatment of in Adolescent: A Case Report
Authors: Le Lam Nguyen , Do Thao Thi , Le Khanh Phuong Vu 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: One of the most difficult types of malocclusion to cure is Class III malocclusion. Maxillary protraction is a common component of orthodontic/surgical treatments for Class III individuals since maxillary retrognathia is the primary factor contributing to their condition.Objective: A Vietnamese girl of 16 years old presented with severe symptoms of anterior crossbite and Class III malocclusion of the skeletal and dental structures. Among the dental characteristics were a prognathic mandible, retrognathic maxilla, and proclined lower incisors. The medical history revealed no abnormalities.Methods: Since the patient refused to undergo orthognathic surgery, we suggested using multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW), which combines temporary anchorage devices (TADs) with modified Class III elastics for camouflage treatment of Class III malocclusion.Results: This case illustrated the use of TADs. MEAW combines TADs with modified Class III elastics for camouflage therapy. It is a potentially effective treatment option for adolescents diagnosed with Class III skeletal malocclusion.
Chapter 7: The Rights of European Minorities in the Fields of Participation, Citizenship, and Transfrontier Exchanges—International Developments in 2022
Authors: Korpics Fanni , Vizi Balázs 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The report offers an overview of international developments in 2022 relating to the rights of European national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples linked to participation, citizenship, and transfrontier exchanges. The activities of the major international organisations and bodies are covered in this article, such as the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the two international treaties: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Chapter 11: Minorities and Minority Rights as a Problem for Populist Politics—The German Minority in Poland—A Case Study
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Marek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
At the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022, for the first time since the democratic breakthrough of 1989, legislation was introduced into Polish law that overtly discriminated against a specific social group. The implemented changes affected the sphere of teaching German as a national minority language. Under an administrative procedure, the pool of public funds that had been used to finance the teaching of this language, as well as the number of teaching hours, was reduced. The background and political justification for the changes was the desire to exert pressure on the German authorities to improve the quality and level of funding for Polish language teaching in Germany. The article is an attempt to present the problem from a historical and political perspective by defining the motives and effects of implementing this discriminatory legislation, from an international perspective by placing it in the space of Polish-German relations, and also from a systemic perspective by characterising the legal and financial mechanisms for supporting national and ethnic minorities in Poland.
Chapter 12: The Parliamentary Representation of Minorities in Hungary
Authors: Dobos Balázs 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In its recent decision published on 11 November 2022, the European Court of Human Rights found that the preferential system that had been in practice since the 2014 elections to ensure the contribution of national minorities to the work of the Hungarian parliament had violated minority members’ voting rights. Considering the often-contentious nature of the main legal provisions and institutional solutions of the country’s minority policy, it is hardly surprising that the newly-established system of electing minority spokespersons and MPs in the increasingly illiberal regime has also triggered serious debates regarding their elections, status, and practical activities since even the early 2010s. Therefore, the questions arise as to how the Orbán regime designed and used this system of minority representation, whether it represents effective participation in public life in accordance with the international standards of minority protection, whether minority organizations themselves were interested in electoral mobilization, and how minorities perceive and approach these structures in practice. To address these issues, the major aim of the paper is to present and analyse this new field of ethnic voting in the parliamentary elections between 2014 and 2022, the key and controversial points, as well as the future prospects for the minorities’ parliamentary participation and preferential representation. In doing so, parliamentary electoral data are compared with the results of another main institutional channel of participation, the elections of the minority self-governments, which are the local variant of non-territorial autonomy in Hungary.
Why Association?
Authors: Bhagwat Ashutosh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although the text of the United States Constitution does not protect a constitutional right of association, it was understood to do so (via the Assembly Clause of the First Amendment) as far back as the 1790s. In 1958 the US Supreme Court confirmed that the First Amendment protected a right of association. However, the Court subsequently limited that right to expressive associations, because it treated the association right as subordinate to free speech. This doctrinal move was inconsistent with the history and purposes of the right. The right of association in the US is historically linked to democratic self-governance; but associations advance democracy in a myriad of ways including, but not limited to, enhancing the ability of citizens to participate in public discourse. Recognizing this fact should lead to protecting an expansive right to associate. This understanding also supports two controversial aspects of the US associational right: the right to discriminate, and protection for subversive associations.