bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIFs‐Based Fluorescent Analysis of Silver Ions in Water Using AIEgen‐Embedded PVA Hydrogel
Authors: Yao Li , Feng Lixia , Wang Mengting , Wu Shujun , Zhou Zhibiao , Xie Sheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe detection and quantification analysis of silver ions is important to protect human health and improve the level of wastewater treatment. In this work, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel‐based sensing material based on an aggregation‐induced emission strategy was developed and combined with a portable laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFs) device for the direct detection and quantification of silver ions in water. Considering the requirements of environmental water analysis regarding portability, reliability, and convenience, this fluorescence turn‐on strategy was optimized accordingly to ensure the accuracy and stability of the analysis in complex natural water environmental. This sensing method showed operational excellence and good sensitivity (down to 1 ppb) and may provide a stable and convenient strategy for the on‐site, real‐time analysis of environmental water samples.
Toward circular economy: Implementing circular economy strategies to reduce carbon emissions in Chinese cities
Authors: Ren Qiuzhen , Li Jinkai , Albrecht Johan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo avert the worst impacts of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. The circular economy (CE) is expected to play a key role in achieving this goal by changing consumption and production patterns. However, the actual impact of CE on reducing carbon emission intensity remains unclear, especially in developing countries. This paper examines the effect of CE‐associated actions on reducing carbon emission intensity in Chinese cities, utilizing CE pilot policy experimentation. We employ difference‐in‐differences (DID) methods with data from 282 cities spanning 2002 to 2012 to analyze the average treatment effect of CE actions. Our results show a significant reduction in carbon emission intensity in CE pilot cities compared to non‐pilot cities after the implementation of CE practices. Moreover, our estimates indicate that the carbon reduction effect strengthens over time, driven by the improvements in green innovation capacity and industrial structure upgrades. The effectiveness of CE varies across city types, with more pronounced impacts observed in economically underdeveloped and resource‐based cities. However, while CE practices reduce carbon emission intensity in pilot cities, significant spatial spillover effects increase emissions in neighboring cities. In conclusion, our findings underscore both the effectiveness and complexity of the CE pilot policy in reducing carbon emission intensity in Chinese cities.
Insight into Synergistic Brønsted and Lewis Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent for Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime
Authors: Hou Tengteng , Yu Baowei , Tao Maolin , Chen Lifang , Qi Zhiwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstractε‐Caprolactam (CPL) is industrially produced by Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) under fuming sulfuric acid, resulting in corrosive and environmental issues. Herein, we prepared triethylamine hydrochloride (TEAHC) and ZnCl2 formed deep eutectic solvent (DES) [TEAHC:2ZnCl2] with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites for efficient liquid rearrangement, achieving 100% conversion of CHO and 95.5% yield of CPL at 80 °C for only 1 h. The results show that ZnCl2 in [TEAHC:2ZnCl2] can promote the detachment of proton, which acts as Brønsted acid site combined with another ZnCl2 molecule to synergistically catalyze the reaction. In the Brønsted acid catalyzed process, the nitrogen atom in CHO as reactive site can be readily attacked by the proton to form protonated CHO, which subsequently undergoes rearrangement. By adding ZnCl2 into TEAHC to obtain [TEAHC:2ZnCl2], the formation of ZnCl2‐CHO complex results in a significant reduction in reaction energy barrier through synergistic effect of Brønsted and Lewis acids. Particularly, the fitted reaction kinetics and low activation energy also confirm the rearrangement can occur under low reaction temperature. Thus, the DESs with efficient catalytic performances for ketoxime rearrangements provide a potential method to design active sites for Beckmann rearrangements of oximes under mild reaction conditions.
PROTOCOL: Employee work motivation, effort, and performance under a merit pay system: A systematic review
Authors: Velghe Cédric , McIlquham‐Schmidt Anders , Celik Pinar , Storme Martin , De Spiegelaere Stan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: One goal of this systematic review is to identify whether merit pay predicts employee work motivation, effort, and performance; a second goal is to determine whether the association between merit pay and subsequent employee work motivation, effort, and performance is stronger depending on the actual relationship between the performance ratings and merit increases received, as well as on the perceived relationship by employees between their performance and their pay; a third goal is to identify whether the association between merit pay and subsequent employee motivation depends on what type of motivation is measured (i.e., intrinsic vs. extrinsic/general work motivation).
Influence of Atmospheric Gas Species on an Argyrodite‐Type Sulfide Solid Electrolyte During Moisture Exposure
Authors: Morino Yusuke , Ito Daisuke , Otoyama Misae , Sano Hikaru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes have potential in practical all‐solid‐state batteries owing to their high formability and ionic conductivity. However, sulfide solid electrolytes are limited by the generation of toxic hydrogen sulfide and conductivity deterioration upon moisture exposure. Although numerous studies have investigated the hydrolysis degradation induced by “moisture,” the influence of “atmospheric gases” during moisture exposure has not been extensively investigated despite the importance for practical fabrication. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of atmospheric gases during moisture exposure on an argyrodite‐type Li6PS5Cl via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrolyte powder was exposed to various atmospheric gases, namely Ar, Ar+500 ppm CO2, O2, and O2+500 ppm CO2, with moisture at a dew point of −20 °C, and H2S gas generation was monitored. As a result, the amount of H2S gas did not depend on the atmospheric gases. However, the atmospheric gases had a significant effect on the decrease in conductivity. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that CO2 facilitates the formation of carbonates and that O2 promotes the formation of phosphates and sulfonates. The formation of these compounds leads to surface degradation, which further decreases the conductivity.
Field notes from a sandbox: Learning wild patience with wild bees
Authors: Bratman Eve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis creative non‐fiction essay discusses challenges of insect identification and wild bee collection. It engages themes of early childhood education, love of nature, and the links between patience and passion for discovery. It argues in defense of perseverance and slow knowledge acquisition, reminding readers of the importance of such qualities for biodiversity conservation, even amidst the age of instant gratification tools that make naturalism accessible to the layman.
Important Crop Pollinators Respond Less Negatively to Anthropogenic Land Use Than Other Animals
Authors: Williams Jessica J. , Newbold Tim , Millard Joseph , Groner Vivienne P. , Pearson Richard G. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnimal‐mediated pollination is a key ecosystem service required to some extent by almost three‐quarters of the leading human food crops in global food production. Anthropogenic pressures such as habitat loss and land‐use intensification are causing shifts in ecological community composition, potentially resulting in declines in pollination services and impacting crop production. Previous research has often overlooked interspecific differences in pollination contribution, yet such differences mean that biodiversity declines will not necessarily negatively impact pollination. Here, we use a novel species‐level ecosystem service contribution matrix along with mixed‐effects models to explore how groups of terrestrial species who contribute differently to crop pollination respond globally to land‐use type, land‐use intensity, and availability of natural habitats in the surrounding landscape. We find that the species whose contribution to crop pollination is higher generally respond less negatively (and in some cases positively) to human disturbance of land, compared to species that contribute less or not at all to pollination. This result may be due to these high‐contribution species being less sensitive to anthropogenic land conversions, which has led humans to being more reliant on them for crop pollination. However, it also suggests that there is potential for crop pollination to be resilient in the face of anthropogenic land conversions. With such a high proportion of food crops requiring animal‐mediated pollination to some extent, understanding how anthropogenic landscapes impact ecological communities and the consequences for pollination is critical for ensuring food security.
Interactions Between Non‐Native Western Mosquitofish and Native Bluegill Sunfish: Mesocosm Experiments
Authors: Rettig Jessica E. , Tristano Elizabeth P. , Burger Anthony C. , Smith Geoffrey R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAquatic ecosystems are often negatively affected by invasive species. However, biotic resistance by native species, either by competition or predation, can reduce the impacts of invasions by non‐native species. The Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is one of the most impactful invasive species of freshwater fish and cause declines in native fish populations. Using two mesocosm experiments conducted in different years, we examined the ecological interactions between juveniles of the native fish, Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), and adults of the invasive fish, G. affinis. We found evidence for interactions between L. macrochirus and G. affinis. However, interactions did not appear symmetric, with L. macrochirus generally more affected by intraspecific interactions than interspecific interactions whereas G. affinis was more affected by interspecific interactions than intraspecific interactions. The presence of either species of fish led to a decrease in the number of large zooplankton and a tendency for a decrease in the total number of zooplankton. Based on these results, native L. macrochirus appear to be able to reduce the ability of non‐native G. affinis to establish or maintain populations through both competition and predation (i.e., acting as an intraguild predator). The consistency of our results across both experiments, with their different designs and their occurring in different years, gives weight to these conclusions. The reduction of or prevention of establishment of populations of invasive G. affinis would likely benefit the aquatic communities of ponds with fish, especially small‐bodied native fish.
Responses of Soil Water Potential and Plant Physiological Status to Pulsed Rainfall Events in Arid Northwestern China: Implications for Disclosing the Water‐Use Strategies of Desert Plants
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Hu , Zhao Wenzhi , Guo Li , Yang Qiyue , Li Yulong , Liu Jintao , Yetemen Omer 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoil water potential (SWP) strongly influences plant productivity and ecosystem functioning, particularly in arid regions characterized by sporadic and pulsed rainfall. This work aims to improve understanding of the response of SWP to varied rainfall pulses, and of the water‐use strategies of a widespread C4 shrub (Haloxylon ammodendron, HA) in arid northwestern China. Rainfall manipulation experiments and field measurements on HA were undertaken to explore the response features of SWP and plant physiological status to pulsed rainfall events of varied magnitudes and durations. The physiological state of HA was evaluated by quantifying critical metrics indicative of plant water‐use strategies, including leaf water potential, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. The response value of SWP increased with rainfall magnitude and was most affected by three vital factors (antecedent SWP, total rainfall and rainfall intensity). Low antecedent SWP amplifies SWP's sensitivity to subsequent events, accelerating its response to smaller rainfalls (<5 mm) compared with larger ones (>15 mm). Small rainfall can increase SWP by 0.5–2 MPa in the 20‐cm layer, sustaining plant physiological activities under high antecedent SWP conditions (>−3.5 MPa), with a maximum average rise in photosynthetic rate of 9.20 ± 0.45 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, enhancing HA's water use efficiency to 1.79 ± 0.22 μmol CO2 mmol−1 H2O. Therefore, small events play a vital role in maintaining SWP and promoting water use of desert plants. Given the nature of plants' utilization of small rainfall events, re‐examining ecologically valid SWP thresholds of HA and other similar desert plants is critical.
Tunable and Selective Transformation of Aromatic Thioether Enabled by Regulating Active Species Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Jia Meng‐Ze , Tan Bin , Chen Yun‐Rui , Pan Jia‐Qi , Yu Shi‐Kai , Xin Ling , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThrough effective regulation of active species in photocatalytic process, the oxidation or C(sp3)−S bond cleavage upgrading of widespread aryl alkyl sulfides under mild conditions was successfully achieved by using a pyridinium photocatalyst. Benefiting from the excellent redox ability of the photocatalyst, the electron transfer between the pyridinium molecule and the substrate, molecular oxygen, or counter‐anion effectively promotes the conversion and upgrading of the substrate thioether. Among them, the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enables the highly selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides under visible light and air atmosphere. More importantly, the chlorine radical (Cl⋅) generated by electron transfer, reported for the first time, contributes to the cleavage of C(sp3)−S bonds, achieving the transformation of aryl alkyl sulfides to disulfides. By harnessing the superior photocatalytic ability of pyridinium molecules, this work not only achieves the highly selective conversion of thioether by taming the active species in the photocatalytic process, but also sheds light on the untapped potential of chlorine radicals in the field of C(sp3)−S bond activation and cleavage.
Evaluating Depth of Invasion as a Continuous Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Edri Nofar , Dudkiewicz Dean , Yaniv Dan , Ritter Amit , Strenov Yulia , Mizrachi Aviram , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Yosefof Eyal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepth of invasion (DOI) has a significant clinical impact on the staging system of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aimed to compare the prognostic impact of treating DOI as a continuous variable rather than a categorical one.MethodsA retrospective review of 277 OSCC patients surgically treated in a tertiary care center from 2000 to 2020, with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. The analyses were performed using Cox and logistic regression.ResultsDOI as a continuous variable significantly predicted mortality in both univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (p < 0.001) analyses. It was also a significant predictor of locoregional recurrence (multivariate p = 0.039) and occult lymph node metastasis (univariate p = 0.005, multivariate p = 0.04). Categorical analysis failed to demonstrate the same significance.ConclusionsDOI as a continuous factor rather than a categorical one is significantly associated with mortality, locoregional recurrence, and occult lymph node metastasis. This innovative approach promotes personalized risk stratification and better decision‐making.
Maize biomass yield variations due to diverse nitrogen applications using Aquacrop
Authors: Mirzaee Omid , Rahimikhoob Ali , Varavipour Maryam , Seyedzadeh Amin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the quest to increase crop yields and production intensity to meet the demands of a growing global population, the responsible use of nitrogen (N) applications is paramount. Excessive application of these fertilizers results in economic losses, environmental pollution and reduced N‐use efficiency. To address this challenge, precision agriculture techniques offer promising solutions. This study explored the relationships among applied N, maize crop parameters and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) to optimize N application usage and crop performance. The AquaCrop model was used to simulate water productivity and plant parameters accurately. The research establishes equations between the NNI and maize parameters, enabling the use of AquaCrop to simulate crop responses to varying N levels. The results demonstrate that AquaCrop effectively simulates more than 95% of the biomass changes. The findings suggest that applying N based on presented equations optimized the use of N applications, thereby mitigating economic losses and environmental impacts.
Reducing flow heterogeneity in drip irrigation networks using genetic algorithms
Authors: Córdoba Alejandro Tapia , Manzano Jose Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIrrigation based on non‐compensated drip emitters is extremely common in agriculture, especially due to its simplicity, robustness and competitive cost. Nevertheless, because of friction losses in the pipe, together with irregular terrain, these systems often suffer from uneven water distribution in the drip emitters, which not only results in inefficient use of water resources but also might lead to inadequate irrigation in certain parts of the field. This work proposes to design the topology of the irrigation network to compensate for these discharge differences. To this end, a graph‐based mathematical model is developed to determine the discharge flows at different emitters for any network topology. This model is employed to formulate an integer nonlinear optimization problem, for which a messy genetic algorithm is proposed. The methodology is validated on an example problem, which is based on a rectangular agricultural crop of 49 fruit trees. The results revealed a 70% reduction in the coefficient of variation of the irrigation discharge rates, which was employed as a metric of irrigation uniformity. This caused a 75% reduction in the water excess. The results demonstrate that the uniformity can be improved simply by choosing a proper connectivity layout to build the pipe network.
Pants on fire: Risks for and outcomes of atypical lying
Authors: Decrop Romain , Docherty Meagan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMost people are generally honest, but around 5% of individuals are prolific liars, some of whom lie for fun or no reason. However, developmental research on atypical lying features (e.g., motives, attitudes, inclinations for dishonesty) and the associated traits and negative outcomes is lacking. We examined how psychopathic traits are related to the development of lying trajectories and whether exhibiting atypical lying features during a developmental period when lies tend to decrease in frequency (i.e., adolescence to adulthood) increases the risk for adulthood antisocial behaviors.MethodsData come from the multisite Pathways to Desistance project, a longitudinal study of serious juvenile offenders in the United States who were interviewed across 11 time points over 7 years from 2000 to 2010. Age‐based trajectory analyses modeled self‐reported atypical lying features from ages 14 to 26 for male participants (N = 1170; 42.1% Black, 34.0% Hispanic, 19.2% White, 4.6% Other), and examined how subscales from the Youth Psychopathy Inventory predicted lying trajectory classes and whether those classes differed in adulthood offending and substance use.ResultsAround 5% of the sample maintained elevated atypical lying features in adolescence and into adulthood. These individuals were more manipulative, remorseless, impulsive, and irresponsible in adolescence, and were more likely to offend and use substances in adulthood.ConclusionsFindings highlight how atypical lying features during the normative developmental desistance period of lying may be elevated for prolific liars and how traits can be used to identify at‐risk individuals. This information will help to inform intervention and prevention programs targeting externalizing behaviors.
Effects of FOLFOX Chemotherapy on Tumor Oxygenation and Perfused Vasculature: An In Vivo Study by Optical Techniques
Authors: Druzhkova Irina , Bylinskaya Kseniya , Plekhanov Anton , Kostyuk Alexey , Kirillin Mikhail , Perekatova Valeriya , Khilov Aleksandr , Orlova Anna , Polozova Anastasiya , Komarova Anastasiya , Lisitsa Uliyana , Sirotkina Marina , Shirmanova Marina , Turchin Ilya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on tumor vasculature and oxygenation are in the focus of modern investigations because vascular structure and distribution of oxygen influence tumor behavior and treatment response. The aim of our study was to monitor changes in the vascular component of colorectal tumor xenografts induced by a clinical combination of chemotherapy drugs FOLFOX in vivo using two complementary techniques: diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and optical coherence tomography–based microangiography (OCT‐MA). These techniques revealed a slower decrease in tumor blood oxygenation in treated tumors as compared to untreated ones, faster suppression of tumor vasculature perfusion and increase in water content as a result of treatment, and decrease in total hemoglobin in untreated tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐2α detected tissue hypoxia as a consequence of inappropriate oxygen supply in the treated tumors. The obtained results show the prospects for monitoring of treatment efficacy using DRS and OCT‐MA.
Metal Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Use in AC Magnetic Field Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Solak Kübra , Atiş Mustafa , Kasapoğlu Ahmet Emre , Karaman Adem , Mavi Ahmet 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are produced for both diagnosis and treatment due to their simultaneous availability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). Extensive investigations focus on developing MNPs for individual MHT or MRI applications, but the development of MNPs for theragnostic applications has received very little attention. In this study, through efficient examination of synthesis conditions such as metal precursors, reaction parameters, and solvent choices, we aimed to optimize MNP production for effective utilization for MHT and MRI simultaneously. MNPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition under 17 different conditions and deeply characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The heating efficiency of MNPs under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was quantified, while MRI performance was evaluated through agar phantom experiments. Our findings highlight the crucial role of benzyl ether in metal ion reduction and size control. Metal‐doped iron oxide MNPs displayed promise for MHT, whereas Mn‐doped iron oxide MNPs exhibited enhanced MRI capabilities. Consequently, five engineered MNPs were considered potential candidates for further studies, demonstrating their dual ability in MRI and MHT.