bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of training and experience on mass casualty incident triage performance: Evidence from emergency personnel in a high complexity university hospital
Authors: Vargas, MD, MSc Juan P. , Hubloue, MD, PhD Ives , Pinzón, MD Jazmín J. , Duque, MD Alejandra Caycedo 
Published: October 2019

Mass casualty incident (MCI) can occur at any time and place and health care institutions must be prepared to deal with these incidents. Emergency department staff rarely learn how to triage MCI patients during their medical or nurse degrees, or through on-the-job training. This study aims to evaluate the effect of training and experience on the MCI triage performance of emergency personnel.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study that analyzed the performance of 94 emergency department staff on the triage classifications of 50 trauma patients, before and after a short training in MCI triage, while taking into account their academic background and work experience.Results: The participants were assigned initially to one of two groups: low experience if they had less than 5 years of practice, and high experience if they had more than 5 years of practice. In the low experience group, the initial accuracy was 45.76 percent, over triage 45.84 percent, and subtriage 8.38 percent. In the high experience group, the initial accuracy was 53.80 percent, over triage 37.66 percent, and sub triage 8.57 percent.Postintervention Results: In the low experience group, the post intervention accuracy was 63.57 percent, over triage 21.15 percent, and subtriage 15.30 percentage. In the high experience group, the post-intervention accuracy was 67.66 percentage, over triage 15.19 percentage, and subtriage 17.14 percentage. Conclusion: Upon completion of this study, it can be concluded that MCI triage training significantly improved the performance of all those involved in the workshop and that experience plays an important role in MCI triage performance.
Dietary analysis of three migratory bats in eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Newbern Jessica L. , Whidden Howard P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article compares the stomach contents of 16 eastern red, 18 hoary, and 11 silver-haired bats from eastern Pennsylvania. Eastern red bats contained six insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, and Trichoptera), with lepidopterans as 82.01% of average percentage volume. Hoary bats contained three insect orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Neuroptera), with lepidopterans as 88.14% of average percentage volume. Silver-haired bats contained eight insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), with dipterans as 46.89% of average percentage volume. Silver-haired bats showed the greatest dietary breadth (Levins’s Bˆ = 3.13), and eastern red and hoary bats showed the greatest dietary overlap (Schoener’s D = 0.916). A nonparametric multivariate analysis found that silver-haired bats were significantly different (p &lt; .001) from both eastern red and hoary bats, but eastern red bats were not significantly different from hoary bats, and there was no significant difference between male and female eastern red (p = .858) or hoary bats (p = .369).
Changes in a summer bat community in southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Hauer Christopher , Powers Lisa , Mcnaughton David , Paul Carolyn , Sewall Brent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bat population changes are poorly understood, making it difficult to establish management priorities. In 2017, a summer mist-netting survey previously conducted in 2004 at Fort Indiantown Gap was replicated to evaluate temporal changes in the local bat community. The authors hypothesized that captures of species most affected by white-nose syndrome (WNS) would decline between survey periods, and that community structure would shift. The results showed a 100% decline in captures of northern long-eared Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) and little brown Myotis (M. lucifugus), no change in captures of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), a 276% increase in captures of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), and a considerable shift in community structure. These results are consistent with expected effects of WNS on Myotis populations. Increases in big brown bat populations may result from ecological release after the decline of Myotis species, or from local or large-scale habitat change over time.
Barriers and incentives to stream conservation: the influence of culture on buffer design and implementation
Authors: Weaver Trevor , Cole Charles Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Agriculture has been cited as one of the leading polluters of streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Riparian buffers, including forested riparian buffers, grass riparian buffers, and stream fencing, are often used to promote improved water quality. This article addresses the significance of culture and landscape and the consequent barriers and incentives to stream conservation practices (riparian buffers) in a rural agricultural community of the Kishacoquillas valley in central Pennsylvania. The dominant land use was agriculture, and the valley was home to a diverse set of community groups, including Amish and Mennonites, whose farming methodologies ranged from large mechanized dairy farms with modern farm equipment to smaller farms dominated by traditional horse-drawn implements. Many streams in this watershed are designated as “impaired” by the U.S. EPA. From interviews, the authors determined both barriers and incentives for buffering headwater streams while remaining sensitive to the interests of the landowners and the local culture.
Le golf : activité sportive contre-nature ou opportunité écologique ?Golf: nature-incompatible activity or ecological opportunity?
Authors: ROQUINARC’H Océane , LACOEUILHE Aurélie , GOURDAIN Philippe , CHARRIER Thomas , FOURNIL Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Souvent considéré comme impactant pour les ressources en eau et la biodiversité, le golf implique des activités d’entretien des gazons récurrentes et des surfaces de jeu souvent importantes. Plus de 30 000 hectares sur le territoire métropolitain sont ainsi dédiés à des terrains de golf. Le tableau est-il si noir pour l’environnement ? La question des impacts environnementaux des structures golfiques, comme d’autres activités humaines, doit être posée dans un contexte global d’érosion de la biodiversité. Dans la mesure où une activité répond à une demande sociale et économique voire sociétale forte, l’idée n’est pas de se positionner « pour » ou « contre » mais bien de l’accompagner pour qu’elle soit la moins impactante pour l’environnement. La réduction des incidences environnementales est une nécessité pour la filière golfique. Les éléments décrits dans cet article démontrent que dans bien des cas, les golfs peuvent être supports de connaissances scientifiques, jusque-là très parcellaires sur ces sites, voire de restauration ou de conservation de la nature. Fort d’un engagement sur plusieurs années, la Fédération française de golf, avec l’appui scientifique et technique du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, a lancé récemment le « Programme golf pour la biodiversité », s’inscrivant dans cette dynamique. Ce programme vise à favoriser les partenariats entre structures golfiques et naturalistes pour mieux connaître et préserver la biodiversité dans les espaces golfiques. Il ne répondra pas à lui seul à l’ensemble des défis actuels de la filière golfique, mais participe à l’adhésion généralisée à cette transition écologique, nécessaire à l’avenir de ce sport « de nature ».
Medical Students' Knowledge About Children With Disabilities, Special Education Laws, and Social Services: A Preliminary Scale Development and Pilot Study
Authors: Vitalone-Raccaro Nancy , Sheppard Mary Erin , Kaari Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
In order to design undergraduate medical education responsive to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendation that physicians learn about special education law and practices, it is important to understand medical students’ baseline knowledge about children with disabilities, special education law, available services, and the sources of this information.

Objectives
To develop an instrument to measure what second-year medical students know about children with disabilities, special education law, and available services; to determine the most common sources of this information; and to establish a baseline on which to design curricula that address this topic.

Methods
This study adopted a survey design. The survey took place in 1 school of osteopathic medicine in a Northeastern state of the United States. One hundred fifty medical students in their second year of full-time enrollment were invited to complete the survey. The instrument designed by the authors consisted of 30 items organized into a demographics section and 3 domains: (1) perceived level of knowledge about children with disabilities, (2) sources of information about children with disabilities, and (3) actual knowledge about children with disabilities and special education.

Results
Ninety-eight students (65%) participated. Although students were accurate in self-assessment, their source of knowledge was limited. Medical students who identified personal experiences (t=1.64) and coursework as their source of knowledge had more correct responses (t=2.62).

Conclusion
This preliminary study demonstrated a lack of knowledge among second-year medical students with regard to children with disabilities, special education laws, and social services. Curricula emphasizing disabilities and special education along with longitudinal experiential training may be effective methods to deliver these topics.
Detection and identification ofXanthomonaspathotypes associated with citrus diseases using comparative genomics and multiplex PCR
Authors: Fonseca Natasha P. , Felestrino Érica B. , Caneschi Washington L. , Sanchez Angélica B. , Cordeiro Isabella F. , Lemes Camila G.C. , Assis Renata A.B. , Carvalho Flávia M.S. , Ferro Jesus A. , Varani Alessandro M. , Belasque José , Setubal Joao C. , Telles Guilherme P. , Aguena Deiviston S. , Almeida Nalvo F. , Moreira Leandro M. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundInCitruscultures, three species ofXanthomonasare known to cause distinct diseases.X. citrisubsp.citripatothype A,X. fuscanssubsp.aurantifoliipathotypes B and C, andX. alfalfaesubsp.citrumelonis, are the causative agents of cancrosis A, B, C, and citrus bacterial spots, respectively. Although these species exhibit different levels of virulence and aggressiveness, only limited alternatives are currently available for proper and early detection of these diseases in the fields. The present study aimed to develop a new molecular diagnostic method based on genomic sequences derived from the four species ofXanthomonas.ResultsUsing comparative genomics approaches, primers were synthesized for the identification of the four causative agents of citrus diseases. These primers were validated for their specificity to their target DNA by both conventional and multiplex PCR. Upon evaluation, their sensitivity was found to be 0.02 ng/µlin vitroand 1.5 × 104CFU ml−1in infected leaves. Additionally, none of the primers were able to generate amplicons in 19 other genomes ofXanthomonasnot associated withCitrusand one species ofXylella, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). This denotes strong specificity of the primers for the different species ofXanthomonasinvestigated in this study.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that these markers can be used as potential candidates for performingin vivomolecular diagnosis exclusively for citrus-associatedXanthomonas. The bioinformatics pipeline developed in this study to design specific genomic regions is capable of generating specific primers. It is freely available and can be utilized for any other model organism.
Valence makes a stronger contribution than arousal to affective priming
Authors: Yao Zhao , Zhu Xiangru , Luo Wenbo 
Published: October 2019

Background
Recent data suggest that both word valence and arousal modulate subsequent cognitive processing. However, whether valence or arousal makes a stronger contribution to cognitive processing is less understood.

Methods
The present study performed three experiments that varied the valence (positive or negative) and arousal (high or low) of prime-target word pairs in a lexical decision-priming task. Affective priming was derived from pure valence (Experiment 1), pure arousal (Experiment 2), or a combination of valence and arousal (Experiment 3).

Results
By comparing three types of priming effects, we found an effect of valence on affective priming was obvious regardless of whether the relationship of the prime-target varied with valence, arousal, or the combination of valence and arousal. In contrast, an effect of arousal on affective priming only appeared in the condition that based on the arousal relationship of the prime-target pair. Moreover, the valence-driven priming effect, arousal-driven priming effect, and emotional-driven priming effect were modulated by valence type but not by arousal level of word stimuli.

Conclusion
The present results revealed a pattern of valence and arousal in semantic networks, indicating that the valence information of emotional words tends to be more stable than arousal information within the semantic system, at least in the present lexical decision-priming task.
Investigating the relationships among lung function variables in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men
Authors: Chuang Ming-Lung , Lin I-Feng 
Published: October 2019

Background
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the independent contributions of individual lung function variables to outcomes may be lower when they are modelled together if they are collinear. In addition, lung volume measurements may not be necessary after spirometry data have been obtained. However, these hypotheses depend on whether forced vital capacity (FVC) can predict total lung capacity (TLC). Moreover, the definitions of hyperinflation and air trapping according to lung function variables overlap and need be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among various lung function parameters to elucidate these issues.

Methods
Demographic data and 26 parameters of full lung function were measured in 94 men with COPD and analyzed using factor and correlation analyses.

Results
Factor analysis revealed five latent factors. Inspiratory capacity (IC)/TLC and residual volume (RV)/TLC were most strongly correlated with all other lung volumes. IC/TLC, RV/TLC, and functional residual capacity (FRC)/TLC were collinear and were potential markers of air trapping, whereas TLC%, FRC%, and RV% were collinear and were potential markers of hyperinflation. RV/TLC >0.4 (or IC/TLC <0.4) was comparable with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FVC <0.7. FVC% and FEV1% were poorly correlated with TLC%. The correlation study showed that TLC%, RV/TLC, and FEV1% could be used to represent individual latent factors for hyperinflation, air trapping, inspiration, expiration, and obstruction. Combined with diffusion capacity%, these four factors could be used to represent comprehensive lung function.

Conclusions
This study identified collinear relationships among individual lung function variables and thus selecting variables with close relationships for correlation studies should be performed with caution. This study also differentiated variables for air trapping and lung hyperinflation. Lung volume measurements are still required even when spirometry data are available. Four out of 26 lung function variables from individual latent factors could be used to concisely represent lung function.
Medical Acupuncture in Raynaud's Disease: Protocol Development for Conducting Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Qureshi Naseem Akhtar , Salahuddin Nasreen Khawer 
Published: October 2019

Background: Idiopathic Raynaud’s disease is twice common in women than their counterparts, and secondary Raynaud’s disease co-occurs with a variety of medicosurgical conditions. Both diseases are managed by several medications which are invariably associated with various adverse effects.
Objective: This study aimed to describe several standardized SPIRIT and PRISMA steps and items that help in the development of research protocol directed towards systematic review and meta-analysis conduction concerning Raynaud’s phenomenon managed by clinical acupuncture. Methods and Results: Statements, guidelines, list of items and processes related to SPIRIT and PRISMA and their extensions and updated versions are ideal methodological tools in framing Raynaud’s disease and acupuncture research protocols for scientifically conducting not only randomized controlled trials but also systematic review and meta-analysis. By extension, these methodological tools could also be applied to develop research protocols for other diseases and nontraditional treatment interventions with some modifications. A total of 53 studies were included in this study protocol.
Discussion: In line with Traditional Chinese Medicine, the pattern of Raynaud’s disease and pros and cons of medical acupuncture should make an important component of discussion, besides the details of included randomized clinical interventions in systematic review and meta-analysis, which are but not limited to treatment effects, their strengths and limitations, quality, heterogeneity and endpoints.
Conclusion: The development of research protocol for conducting systematic review and meta-analysis is an art and while framing the draft researchers must take into account various SPIRIT and PRISMA statements and guidelines and their latest versions applicable to various diseases including Raynaud’s phenomenon managed by traditional and modern medications across the world.
A Cross Sectional Clinical Analysis of Hemiplegia (Pakkavatham) Related to Diabetes Mellitus (Mathumeham) and Hypertension (Erathakothippu)
Authors: Sujeethasai K. , Manoharan A. , Rajarajeshwari A. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Stroke (Pakkavatham) is the second leading mortality cause in global and death occurrence rates, rising in middle to older aged people. This condition is increased due to the dietary pattern and lifestyle modifications.
Aim: To determine about the interrelationship of Type II Diabetes Mellitus DM) and Systemic Hypertension (SHT) associated with hemiplegia.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive Observational Study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study work was carried out in 50 patients in Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu from April 2019 to September 2019.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried in 50 subjects (30 subjects in Out Patient Department (OPD) and 20 subjects in In Patient Department (IPD) were randomly selected and the data were collected by interviewing with a structured questionnaire. The ethical clearance was attained from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
Results: The highest incidence was male patients (38%) than female patients, the affected age group was 51-60 years. The prevalence was seen in male alcoholic consumers (46%), chronic smokers (44%) respectively. The incidence was mostly seen in hypertensive (70%) and non-diabetic (46%) male patients. Among the 50 patients, 14 patients (28%) had both SHT and DM. The most prevalence was seen in hypertensive patients than DM or SHT combined with DM patients. The moderate improvement was seen in the patients (32%) of control blood pressure and serum glucose level.
Conclusion: The SHT may influence in the prevalence of Pakkavatham and control blood pressure and serum glucose level may be improved the good prognosis in Pakkavatham patients.
Transcriptome analysis of roots from resistant and susceptible rice varieties infected with Hirschmanniella mucronata
Authors: Sun Xiaotang , Zhang Lei , Tang Ziqing , Shi Xugen , Ma Jian , Cui Ruqiang 
Published: October 2019

Hirschmanniella mucronata is a plant‐parasitic nematode that is widespread in rice production areas and causes 10–25% yield losses a year on average. Here, we investigated the mechanism of resistance to this nematode by comparing the transcriptomes of roots from resistant (Jiabali) and susceptible (Bawangbian) varieties of rice. Of 39 233 unigenes, 2243. exhibited altered total expression levels between control and infected resistant and susceptible varieties. Significant differences were observed in the expression levels of genes related to stress, peptidase regulation or inhibition, oxidoreductase activity, peroxidase activity and antioxidant activity. The up‐regulated genes related to plant secondary metabolites, such as phenylpropanoid, lignin, cellulose or hemicellulose, may result in an increase in the degree of resistance of Jiabali to the H. mucronata infection compared with that of Bawangbian by affecting cell wall organization or biogenesis. Of the genes that responded similarly to H. mucronata infection, ~252 (~76.59%) showed greater changes (whether induced or suppressed) in RN155 (susceptible varieties infected by rice root nematode) than in RN51 (resistance varieties infected by rice root nematode). Nineteen pathogenesis‐related genes belonging to nine pathogenesis‐related gene families were significantly induced by H. mucronata in the infected roots of Jiabali and Bawangbian, and 13 differentially expressed genes showed changes in their abundance only in the susceptible Bawangbian variety. This study may help enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant resistance to nematodes.
Evaluation of skin dose calculation factors in interventional fluoroscopy
Authors: DeLorenzo Matthew C. , Goode Allen R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to measure fluoroscopic dose calculation factors for modern fluoroscopy‐guided interventional (FGI) systems, and to fit to analytical functions for peak skin dose (PSD) calculation.MethodsTable transmission factor (TTF), backscatter factor (BSF), and a newly termed kerma correction factor (KCF) were measured for two interventional fluoroscopy systems. For each setup, air kerma rates were measured using a small ionization chamber in fluoroscopic service mode while selecting kVp, copper (Cu) filter thickness, incident angle, and x‐ray field size at the assumed patient skin locations. Angle dependency on KCF was measured on the GE system at isocenter for angles of 0, 15, 30, and 40 degrees, using a range of kVp, Cu filters, and one field size. An analytical equation was created to fit the data to facilitate PSD calculation.ResultsFor the GE system, oblique incidence measurements show KCF decreased by about 2%, 8%, and 13% for incident angles of 15, 30, and 40°, respectively, relative to KCF at 0 degree. The GE and Siemens systems' KCFs ranged from 0.89 to 1.45, and 0.64 to 1.44, respectively. The KCFs increased with a power of field size, and generally increased with kVp and Cu filter. The average percentage difference between TTF × BSF × f and KCF was 16% at normal incidence. The KCF data were successfully fitted to function of angle, field size, kVp, and Cu filter thickness using seven parameters, with an average R‐squared value of 0.98 and maximum percentage difference of 6.0%.ConclusionsThis study evaluated scatter factors for two fluoroscopy systems, and dependencies on angle, kVp, Cu filter, and field size, with emphasis on under table beam orientations. Analytical fitting of the data with exposure parameters may facilitate PSD calculations, and more accurately determine the potential for radiation‐induced skin injury.