bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemistry, bioactivity: suggestion of Ceratonia siliqua L. as neurodegenerative disease therapy
Authors: Lakkab Imane , Hajaji Hanane El , Lachkar Nadya , Bali Brahim El , Lachkar Mohammed , Ciobica Alin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is one of the most widespread medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area. Traditionally, it was cultivated for its ethnopharmacological benefits and, more especially, for the seeds, which served as unit of measurement of jewelers “carat.” Hence, in the last half-century, numerous studies reported a wide range of phytoconstituents contained in all parts of Ceratonia siliqua such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, proteins and minerals. This review article unveils the phytochemical constituents, bioactivity and pharmacological studies of Ceratonia siliqua. Recent studies have shown that the extracts of this plant exhibit an antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities and also hepatoprotective and antiproliferative effects. In this review, we provide a summary of the most interesting data related to bioactivity and therapeutic potential of Ceratonia siliqua in a way to suggest possible future studies that may use Ceratonia siliqua as an undeniable natural alternative for neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
MTIL2017: Machine Translation Using Recurrent Neural Network on Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Mahata Sainik Kumar , Das Dipankar , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Machine translation (MT) is the automatic translation of the source language to its target language by a computer system. In the current paper, we propose an approach of using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) over traditional statistical MT (SMT). We compare the performance of the phrase table of SMT to the performance of the proposed RNN and in turn improve the quality of the MT output. This work has been done as a part of the shared task problem provided by the MTIL2017. We have constructed the traditional MT model using Moses toolkit and have additionally enriched the language model using external data sets. Thereafter, we have ranked the phrase tables using an RNN encoder-decoder module created originally as a part of the GroundHog project of LISA lab.
Investigation of 2D-PC Ring Resonator-Based Demultiplexer for ITU-T G.694.1 WDM Systems
Authors: Kannaiyan Venkatachalam , Dhamodharan Sriram Kumar , Savarimuthu Robinson 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this proposed work, we have designed two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2DPC-RR)-based eight-channel demultiplexer for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The performance parameters of the proposed demultiplexer such as resonant wavelength, spectral width, quality factor, channel spacing and crosstalk are investigated. The demultiplexer consists of bus waveguide, quasi-square RR and L bend waveguides. Each quasi-square RR has eight-shaped microcavity with different refractive index, which plays an active role for channel selection. The plane wave expansion method is used to generate the modes and photonic band gap of the demultiplexer. The finite difference time domain method is employed to analysis the field distribution and normalized transmission of the proposed demultiplexer. The transmission efficiency, Q factor, spectral width and channel spacing of the demultiplexer are about 98 %, 2,022, 0.8 nm and 1.1 nm, respectively. The aforementioned results are meeting the requirements of the ITU-T G. 694.1 DWDM systems.
All Optical BPSK Demodulator Using Photonic Crystal Based Coupled Waveguides
Authors: Karimzadeh Mahsa , Andalib Alireza 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper we will propose and design an all optical phase shift keying (PSK) demodulator using photonic crystal based coupled waveguides. The proposed structure should be designed such that it can generate digital 0 and 1 based on the phase of the input signal. The working mechanism is based on constructive and destructive of optical beams. The proposed structure was simulated using plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods. The simulation results show that the rise and fall times for the proposed structure are about 1.2 ps and 0.2 ps, respectively.
Midwife-assisted planned home birth: an essential component of improving the safety of childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dayyabu Aliyu Labaran , Murtala Yusuf , Grünebaum Amos , McCullough Laurence B. , Arabin Birgit , Levene Malcolm I. , Brent Robert L. , Monni Giovanni , Sen Cihat , Makatsariya Alexander , Chervenak Frank A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Hospital births, when compared to out-of-hospital births, have generally led to not only a significantly reduced maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity but also an increase in certain interventions. A trend seems to be emerging, especially in the US where some women are requesting home births, which creates ethical challenges for obstetricians and the health care organizations and policy makers. In the developing world, a completely different reality exists. Home births constitute the majority of deliveries in the developing world. There are severe limitations in terms of facilities, health personnel and deeply entrenched cultural and socio-economic conditions militating against hospital births. As a consequence, maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity remain the highest, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Midwife-assisted planned home birth therefore has a major role to play in increasing the safety of childbirth in SSA. The objective of this paper is to propose a model that can be used to improve the safety of childbirth in low resource countries and to outline why midwife assisted planned home birth with coordination of hospitals is the preferred alternative to unassisted or inadequately assisted planned home birth in SSA.
Estimating the effect of plate discipline using a causal inference framework: an application of the G-computation algorithm
Authors: Vock David Michael , Vock Laura Frances Boehm 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Offensive performance in baseball depends on a number of correlated factors: the pitches the batter faces, the batter’s choice to swing, and the batter’s hitting ability. Recently a renewed focus on the effect of plate discipline on batter performance has emerged. Plate discipline has traditionally been summarized as the proportion of pitches inside and outside of the strike zone a player swings at; however, there have been few metrics proposed to assess the effect of plate discipline directly on batters’ outcomes. In this paper, we focus on estimating a batter’s performance if he were able to adopt a different plate discipline. Because we wish to assess the effect of a counterfactual plate discipline, we use a potential outcome framework and show how the G-computation algorithm can be used to isolate the effect of plate discipline separately from a batter’s hitting ability or the types of pitches the batter faces. As an example, we implement our approach using data collected with the PITCHf/x system over the 2012–2014 seasons to identify the improvement Starlin Castro would expect to see in offensive performance were he able to adopt Andrew McCutchen’s plate discipline. We estimate that had Castro adopted McCutchen’s discipline his batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage would have increased 0.017 (se = 0.004), 0.040 (se = 0.006), and 0.028 (se = 0.008), respectively.
On the dependency of soccer scores – a sparse bivariate Poisson model for the UEFA European football championship 2016
Authors: Groll Andreas , Kneib Thomas , Mayr Andreas , Schauberger Gunther 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
When analyzing and modeling the results of soccer matches, one important aspect is to account for the correct dependence of the scores of two competing teams. Several studies have found that, marginally, these scores are moderately negatively correlated. Even though many approaches that analyze the results of soccer matches are based on two (conditionally) independent pairwise Poisson distributions, a certain amount of (mostly negative) dependence between the scores of the competing teams can simply be induced by the inclusion of covariate information of both teams in a suitably structured linear predictor. One objective of this article is to analyze if this type of modeling is appropriate or if additional explicit modeling of the dependence structure for the joint score of a soccer match needs to be taken into account. Therefore, a specific bivariate Poisson model for the two numbers of goals scored by national teams competing in UEFA European football championship matches is fitted to all matches from the three previous European championships, including covariate information of both competing teams. A boosting approach is then used to select the relevant covariates. Based on the estimates, the tournament is simulated 1,000,000 times to obtain winning probabilities for all participating national teams.
The use of hair traps as a complementary method in mammal ecology studies
Authors: Magioli Marcelo , Bovo Alex Augusto Abreu , Alberici Vinicius , de Barros Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study describes the use of hair traps as a complementary method to obtain samples for stable isotope analysis from medium- and large-sized mammals. We sampled three protected areas within the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Traps formed an enclosure of ~16 m2 composed of two barbed-wire strands at different heights, baited with corn, salt, fruits and cinnamon powder. Samples were identified using hair microstructure. We identified 11 species – four globally and six nationally threatened – of which 63.6% were frugivorous. We found high species richness with a small sampling effort, indicating that hair traps can prove useful for isotopic ecology and other applied ecological studies.
First record of the Santa Marta mouse, Nephelomys maculiventer (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae), for Venezuela
Authors: García Franger J. , Sánchez-González Elvira , Machado Marjorie , Flórez Guillermo , Araujo-Reyes Dayana , Vásquez-Parra Oriana , Prieto-Torres David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report the first record of the Santa Marta mouse Nephelomys maculiventer in Venezuela based on a specimen from the Northern Andes in the Sierra de Perijá. This record increases the number of mammalian species documented in Venezuela to 404 and extends the geographic distribution range of N. maculiventer approximately 80 km northwest from the closest locality in Colombia. With this discovery, we update the ecological and conservation information for the species as well as the taxonomy of the genus Nephelomys.
Priests, Conflicts and Property Rights: the Impacts on Tenancy and Land Use in Brazil
Authors: Alston Lee J. , Mueller Bernardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCompared to the rest of the world, farmers in Brazil rely relatively little on tenant contracts. In agriculture, career mobility is associated with moving up the agricultural ladder from working for wages to renting to owning (Alston, L.J., and J.P. Ferrie. 2005. “Time on the Ladder: Career Mobility in Agriculture,” 1890-1938The Journal of Economic History65(04): 1058–1081. Cambridge University Press). Alone, this fact may not present a puzzle, but coupled with the large number of landless peasants and large amounts of unused land, the question is, Why don't landowners with unused or underutilized land negotiate land rental contracts with the landless.? In Brazil, this avenue for advancement has been hurt by a reluctance of owners to rent in areas experiencing land conflict. The lack of rentals is an important issue because Brazil is geographically a large country, roughly the size of the continental United States and has an expanding agricultural frontier, some of which is cutting into the Amazon. If the lack of land rentals is pervasive across Brazil and also signals inefficiency in production, the total magnitude is likely to be large when summed across the country.
Design, concepts, and applications of electromagnetic metasurfaces
Authors: Achouri Karim , Caloz Christophe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper overviews our recent work on the synthesis of metasurfaces and related concepts and applications. The synthesis is based on generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) with a bianisotropic surface susceptibility tensor model of the metasurface structure. We first place metasurfaces in a proper historical context and describe the GSTC technique with some fundamental susceptibility tensor considerations. On this basis, we next provide an in-depth development of our susceptibility-GSTC synthesis technique. Finally, we present five recent metasurface concepts and applications, which cover the topics of birefringent transformations, bianisotropic refraction, light emission enhancement, remote spatial processing, and nonlinear second-harmonic generation.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[chlorido-(μ2-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiolato-κ2
S:N)mercury(II)], C3H3ClHgN2S2
Authors: Liu Lian-Wei , Zhao Bang-Tun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C3H3ClHgN2S2, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 18.794(8) Å, b = 4.0798(17) Å, c = 10.093(4) Å, V = 773.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0437, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1024, T = 291(2) K.
LIFE MONZA: project description and actions’ updating
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Borchi Francesco , Carfagni Monica , Furferi Rocco , Governi Lapo , Lapini Alessandro , Volpe Yary , Curcuruto Salvatore , Mazzocchi Enrico , Marsico Giuseppe , Luzzi Sergio , Nizzola Carlo Maria , Maggi Manlio , Fasanella Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The introduction of Low Emission Zones, urban areas subject to road traffic restrictions in order to ensure compliance with the air pollutants limit values set by the European Directive on ambient air quality (2008/50/EC), is a common and well-established action in the administrative government of cities. The impacts on air quality improvement are widely analysed, whereas the effects and benefits concerning the noise have not been addressed in a comprehensive manner. As a consequence, the definition, the criteria for the analysis and the management methods of a Noise Low Emission Zone are not clearly expressed and shared yet. The LIFE MONZA project (Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management - LIFE15 ENV/IT/000586) addresses these issues. The first objective of the project, co-funded by the European Commission, is to introduce an easy-replicable method for the identification and the management of the Noise Low Emission Zone, an urban area subject to traffic restrictions, whose impacts and benefits regarding noise issues will be analyzed and tested in the pilot area of the city of Monza, located in Northern Italy. Background conditions, structure, objectives of the project and actions’ progress will be discussed in this article.
The effect of the through-thickness moisture content gradient on the moisture accelerated creep of paperboard: Hygro-viscoelastic modeling approach
Authors: Sorvari Joonas , Leppänen Teemu , Silvennoinen Jukka 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPaper-based materials are viscous materials, the time-dependent behavior of which depends strongly on moisture content. Particularly the creep of paperboard containers under compressive forces is greatly affected by changes in the relative humidity. In the present paper, we examine the creep behavior of paperboard under cyclic humidity conditions using the finite element method. Especially the shape and rate of the through-thickness moisture content gradient on moisture accelerated creep are studied. An isotropic hygro-viscoelastic constitutive law is used for paperboard. The results of the simulations are compared with experiments. It is concluded that the through-thickness moisture gradients have a great impact on the moisture accelerated creep of paperboard. Furthermore, the results show that depending on the direction of external load the through-thickness moisture content gradient may increase or decrease creep rate.
Effect of pigment sizing on printability and coating structure of decorative base paper
Authors: Zhang Zhengjian , Zhang Qilian , Zhang Mingzhi , Huang Ruquan , Han Yutong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn order to improve its printability the effects of pigment sizing on printability and coating structure of decorative base paper were investigated. Silica, styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) and cationic starch were used to prepare the pigment sizing solution. After been pigment sized, the physical performances, printing properties and coating structure of the paper were determined. Pigment sizing had a more obvious effect on the physical properties, printability and coating structure. The tensile strength was increased by 26.99 %, the print-surf roughness was decreased by 17.98 %, the water absorption height was increased by 8.51 %. The color density was improved, the percentage of dots loss decreased by 21.33 %, the roundness of dots increased by 43.33 % and thus better printing effect was achieved. The water receptivity and absorption of decorative base paper could be improved by pigment sizing under the appropriate binder-to-pigment ratio. SEM and three-dimensional image showed that silica/cationic starch/SAE had filled the pores of paper and formed an uniform coating structure. Considering the improvement of the physical properties, printability and coating structure, the best ratio of binder-to-pigment was identified as 70:30.
Control strategies for refiners Part I: Soft sensors for CD-refiner control
Authors: Karlström Anders , Hill Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Internal variables in (C)TMP-refining processes (e. g. temperature, consistency, fiber residence time, backward flowing steam and forces acting upon the chips and pulp) are defined as physical states obtained in different parts of the refining zones. In short, they differ from the traditional external variables (e. g. dilution water feed rate and specific energy) which are not obtained from measurements or physical models of the process in the refining zone. The internal variables are the backbone of physical models and are used in this paper as soft sensors for advanced process control. Besides the shape of the temperature profile, the position of the maximum temperature and the shape of the consistency profiles inside the refining zones are important to control as they are directly linked to the development of different pulp and handsheet properties. To illustrate the capability when using combined modeling and control strategies, the concept is applied on a full scale CD82 refiner. This means both temperature and consistency control in the flat zone and the conical zone, together with an overall estimator for fiber development. Finally, in this paper it is shown that the production can be increased significantly without changing the refiner motor load nor violating the pulp property specification.
Strengthening effect of polyelectrolyte multilayers on highly filled paper
Authors: Lee Jegon , Youn Hye Jung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPolyelectrolyte multilayering (PEM) treatment is regarded as one of the surface modification techniques to increase paper strength. In this study, the strengthening effect of PEM treatment of highly filled paper was investigated. PEM treatment was performed on both fiber and filler with cationic starch and anionic polyacrylamide systems. Both approaches provided an improvement in the strength of filled paper. However, the strengthening effect of PEM treatment on fibers became weaker as filler content increased, whilst the PEM treatment on fillers was more effective in improving the strength of the highly filled paper. This was because PEM treatment on fillers improved bonding strength between fiber and filler as well as bonding strength between fillers. This was confirmed by the evaluation of specific debonding factor between fiber and filler, and the measurement of the breaking strength of dense film composed of fillers.
Rethinking the Role of Invited Inferencing in Change from the Perspective of Interactional Texts
Authors: Traugott Elizabeth Closs 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The hypothesis that “invited inferences” are factors in change and challenges to it are reviewed. In light of recent work on historical construction grammar and interactional discourse analysis, I suggest that at least three types of inferences play a role in interactional contexts: local inferences associated with specific expressions; discourse structuring inferences pertaining to factors like coherence, backgrounding and foregrounding; and turn-taking inferences associated with turn relevant positions. A case study tests this suggestion: the development of discourse structuring uses of a family of Look expressions. Turn-taking has been regarded as a trigger in related changes. However, in this case not turn-taking, but rather a profile shift associated with non-use of complementizers is hypothesized to be a crucial enabling factor.
Inferential Practices in Social Interaction: A Conversation-Analytic Account
Authors: Deppermann Arnulf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that conversation analysis has largely neglected the fact that meaning in interaction relies on inferences to a high degree. Participants treat each other as cognitive agents, who imply and infer meanings, which are often consequential for interactional progression. Based on the study of audio- and video-recordings from German talk-in-interaction, the paper argues that inferences matter to social interaction in at least three ways. They can be explicitly formulated; they can be (conventionally) indexed, but not formulated; or they may be neither indexed nor formulated yet would be needed for the correct understanding of a turn. The last variety of inferences usually remain tacit, but are needed for smooth interactional progression. Inferences in this case become an observable discursive phenomenon if misunderstandings are treated by the explication of correct (accepted) and wrong (unaccepted) inferences. The understanding of referential terms, analepsis, and ellipsis regularly rely on inferences. Formulations, third-position repairs, and fourth-position explications of erroneous inferences are practices of explicating inferences. There are conventional linguistic means like discourse markers, connectives, and response particles that index specific kinds of inferences. These practices belong to a larger class of inferential practices, which play an important role for indexing and accomplishing intersubjectivity in talk in interaction.
Effects of ultrasonic injection molding conditions on the plate processing characteristics of PMMA
Authors: Yang Yi-Jen , Huang Chung-Ching 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Polymer processing is a crucial and diverse field in the manufacturing industry. We investigated the process characteristics and effects of injection molding using ultrasonic vibration. An ultrasonic device was installed in an injection mold; polymer was directly vibrated during injection. An ultrasonic oscillation device 45 mm in diameter was placed in the cavity and used to vibrate a poly(methyl methacrylate) melt at 19 kHz. The amplitude of the acoustic unit was set at 15 μm for the measurements. Moreover, cavity pressure sensors were positioned at the front and rear sides of the vibration region to determine the melt flow behavior under ultrasonic-assisted injection molding conditions. Because of the absorption of ultrasonic energy, local heat was generated inside the resin, thus improving the flow characteristics of the melt. Moreover, the melt flow behavior around the skin layer was changed; the molecular orientation and high shear effect were reduced. Furthermore, the freezing rate of the melt was reduced; thus, the amount of melt pressure lost through the cavity was decreased and the residual stress inside the injection-molded component generated during the photoelastic stress analysis was lower.