bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Low‐Power Operative Organic Source‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Kim Yonghee , Lee Eun Kwang , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow‐voltage operation and fast switching ability are necessary for wearable electronic devices. Recently, electrolyte dielectric materials have been widely used to decrease driving voltages; however, they often exhibit unwanted doping effects and power dissipation problems. Here, a method for dramatically lowering driving voltages is reported in organic electronics via source‐gated transistor (SGT) structures. SGTs are fabricated by evaporating asymmetric metals with different work functions for the source and drain electrodes. Versatile organic semiconductor‐based SGTs demonstrate a significantly lower drain voltage (<10 V) for the saturation regime compared to that of typical field‐effect transistors with the same dielectric layer (>80 V). Furthermore, coating reduced Pyronin B (rPyB) onto n‐type SGTs decreases the threshold voltage from 51.2 to 0.1 eV and improves air‐stability, exhibiting a maintained electron mobility (>90%) for 40 d. The air‐stability is due to both the energetic and kinetic factors, including a decreased lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the n‐type semiconductor after doping and covering the active layer with rPyB. Finally, flexible SGTs are fabricated on a Parylene‐C substrate that shows highly stable operation in a bending test. The results demonstrate a promising technology for low‐power, flexible electronic devices via electrode engineering.
Searching General Sufficient‐and‐Necessary Conditions for Ultrafast Hydrogen‐Evolving Electrocatalysis
Authors: Guan Daqin , Zhou Jing , Hu Zhiwei , Zhou Wei , Xu Xiaomin , Zhong Yijun , Liu Bo , Chen Yuhui , Xu Meigui , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Shao Zongping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective and high‐performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one critical step toward successful transition into a sustainable green energy era. Different from previous design strategies based on single parameter, here the necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed to develop bulk non‐noble metal oxides which are generally considered inactive toward HER in alkaline solutions: i) multiple active sites for different reaction intermediates and ii) a short reaction path created by ordered distribution and appropriate numbers of these active sites. Computational studies predict that a synergistic interplay between the ordered oxygen vacancies (at pyramidal high‐spin Co3+ sites) and the O 2p ligand holes (OLH; at metallic octahedral intermediate‐spin Co4+ sites) in RBaCo2O5.5+δ
(δ = 1/4; R = lanthanides) can produce a near‐ideal HER reaction path to adsorb H2O and release H2, respectively. Experimentally, the as‐synthesized (Gd0.5La0.5)BaCo2O5.75 outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst in many aspects. The proof‐of‐concept results reveal that the simultaneous possession of ordered oxygen vacancies and an appropriate number of OLH can realize a near‐optimal synergistic catalytic effect, which is pivotal for rational design of oxygen‐containing materials.
A Tandem Organic Solar Cell with PCE of 14.52% Employing Subcells with the Same Polymer Donor and Two Absorption Complementary Acceptors
Authors: Meng Lingxian , Yi Yuan‐Qiu‐Qiang , Wan Xiangjian , Zhang Yamin , Ke Xin , Kan Bin , Wang Yanbo , Xia Ruoxi , Yip Hin‐Lap , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe tandem structure is an efficient way to simultaneously tackle absorption and thermalization losses of the single junction solar cells. In this work, a high‐performance tandem organic solar cell (OSC) using two subcells with the same donor poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PBDB‐T) and two acceptors, F‐M and 2,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)benz[f ]indanone))7,12‐dihydro‐(4,4,10,10‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐5,11‐diocthylthieno[3′,2′:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2‐b]thieno[2″,3″:3′,4′]cyclopenta[1′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐f][1]benzothiophene (NNBDT), with complementary absorptions is demonstrated. The two subcells show high Voc with value of 0.99 V for the front cell and 0.86 V for the rear cell, which is the prerequisite for obtaining high Voc of their series‐connected tandem device. Although there is much absorption overlap for the subcells, a decent Jsc of the tandem cell is still obtained owing to the complementary absorption of the two acceptors in a wide range. With systematic device optimizations, a best power conversion efficiency of 14.52% is achieved for the tandem device, with a high Voc of 1.82 V, a notable FF of 74.7%, and a decent Jsc of 10.68 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fabricating high‐efficiency tandem OSCs through elaborate selection of the active layer materials in each subcell and tradeoff of the Voc and Jsc of the tandem cells.
Conjugated Polymer Actuators and Devices: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Melling Daniel , Martinez Jose G. , Jager Edwin W. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or “artificial muscles” for numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of these materials and the actuation mechanisms, aided by the development of physical and electrochemical models. Current research is focused on developing applications utilizing the advantages that CP actuators have (e.g., low driving potential and easy to miniaturize) over other actuating materials and on developing ways of overcoming their inherent limitations. CP actuators are available as films, filaments/yarns, and textiles, operating in liquids as well as in air, ready for use by engineers. Here, the milestones made in understanding these unique materials and their development as actuators are highlighted. The primary focus is on the recent progress, developments, applications, and future opportunities for improvement and exploitation of these materials, which possess a wealth of multifunctional properties.
Controllable Growth of Aligned Monocrystalline CsPbBr3 Microwire Arrays for Piezoelectric‐Induced Dynamic Modulation of Single‐Mode Lasing
Authors: Yang Zheng , Lu Junfeng , ZhuGe Minghua , Cheng Yang , Hu Jufang , Li Fangtao , Qiao Shuang , Zhang Yufei , Hu Guofeng , Yang Qing , Peng Dengfeng , Liu Kaihui , Pan Caofeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCsPbBr3 shows great potential in laser applications due to its superior optoelectronic characteristics. The growth of CsPbBr3 wire arrays with well‐controlled sizes and locations is beneficial for cost‐effective and largely scalable integration into on‐chip devices. Besides, dynamic modulation of perovskite lasers is vital for practical applications. Here, monocrystalline CsPbBr3 microwire (MW) arrays with tunable widths, lengths, and locations are successfully synthesized. These MWs could serve as high‐quality whispering‐gallery‐mode lasers with high quality factors (>1500), low thresholds (<3 µJ cm−2), and long stability (>2 h). An increase of the width results in an increase of the laser quality and the resonant mode number. The dynamic modulation of lasing modes is achieved by a piezoelectric polarization‐induced refractive index change. Single‐mode lasing can be obtained by applying strain to CsPbBr3 MWs with widths between 2.3 and 3.5 µm, and the mode positions can be modulated dynamically up to ≈9 nm by changing the applied strain. Piezoelectric‐induced dynamic modulation of single‐mode lasing is convenient and repeatable. This method opens new horizons in understanding and utilizing the piezoelectric properties of lead halide perovskites in lasing applications and shows potential in other applications, such as on‐chip strain sensing.
Stereoselective Haliranium, Thiiranium and Seleniranium Ion‐Triggered Friedel–Crafts‐Type Alkylations for Polyene Cyclizations
Authors: Maji Biswajit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe review is aimed at describing the advances in electrophilic “iranium” ion‐triggered Friedel–Crafts‐type alkylation for polyene cyclizations. Owing to the great potential of halo‐, seleno‐ and sulfeno‐functionalized Friedel–Crafts alkylated compounds, numerous catalytic methods have been developed in either racemic or enantiopure forms. More importantly, these arene‐alkylated or polyene‐cyclized products containing halo, seleno and sulfeno functionality could be useful in further synthetic planning to access biologically active molecules and natural products with highly complex architectures. Starting from a wide range of classical Lewis acids, Brønsted acids and Lewis bases through to the very recently developed halogen bond catalysts (XB‐cat.), selenonium cations as Lewis acids etc. are utilized to access these types of compounds. More recently, some of the co‐operative catalytic systems such as phosphite‐thiourea, sulfonic acid‐phosphoramidite, sulfonic acid‐selenophosphoramide, sulfonic acid‐anion binding thiourea, etc. catalyzing highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective polyene cyclizations have also been described. The configurational stability, reactivity and selectivity of three‐membered cationic “iranium ions” generatedin situfrom alkenes and their subsequent trapping by electron‐rich aromatic compounds as terminating nucleophiles is systematically discussed. This review directs attention to both the developments that have been accomplished in this research field and to suggestions for future work most warranted in this important area.magnified image
Flexible Conductors from Brown Algae for Green Electronics
Authors: Maccagnani Piera , Bertoldo Monica , Dinelli Franco , Murgia Mauro , Summonte Caterina , Ortolani Luca , Pizzochero Giulio , Verucchi Roberto , Collini Cristian , Capelli Raffaella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper a novel approach is presented to prepare flexible and transparent conducting films, whose components can be separated and recovered via a recycling process. The fabrication method is based on low power sputtering of ultrathin gold layers on sodium alginate free‐standing films. The resulting foils are thin, easy to handle, and shape, while showing good conductive properties. In particular, they show excellent resistance to mechanical stress, like bending or rubbing, and are highly stable in ambient atmosphere over several months. Therefore they may represent a very promising candidate to be employed in green electronics, thanks to the reduced energy consumption required for their fabrication, the absence of toxic components or chemicals that are derived from oil, and the possibility to disassemble the devices at the end of their life in environmentally friendly conditions.
Tumor Cell “Slimming” Regulates Tumor Progression through PLCL1/UCP1‐Mediated Lipid Browning
Authors: Xiong Zhiyong , Xiao Wen , Bao Lin , Xiong Wei , Xiao Haibing , Qu Yan , Yuan Changfei , Ruan Hailong , Cao Qi , Wang Keshan , Song Zhengshuai , Wang Cheng , Hu Wenjun , Ru Zeyuan , Tong Junwei , Cheng Gong , Xu Tianbo , Meng Xiangui , Shi Jian , Chen Zhixian , Yang Hongmei , Chen Ke , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence has highlighted the important role of abnormal lipid accumulation in cancer development and progression, but the mechanism for this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, it is demonstrated that phospholipase C‐like 1/uncoupling protein 1 (PLCL1)/(UCP1)‐mediated lipid browning promotes tumor cell “slimming” and represses tumor progression. By screening three independent lipid metabolism‐related gene sets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and analyzing the TCGA database, it is found that PLCL1 predicted a poor prognosis and was downregulated in ccRCC. Restoration of PLCL1 expression in ccRCC cells significantly represses tumor progression and reduces abnormal lipid accumulation. Additionally, a phenomenon called tumor cell “slimming,” in which tumor cell volume is reduced and lipid droplets are transformed into tiny pieces, is observed. Further studies show that PLCL1 promotes tumor cell “slimming” and represses tumor progression through UCP1‐mediated lipid browning, which consumes lipids without producing ATP energy. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that PLCL1 improves the protein stability of UCP1 by influencing the level of protein ubiquitination. Collectively, the data indicate that lipid browning mediated by PLCL1/UCP1 promotes tumor cell “slimming” and consumes abnormal lipid accumulation, which represses the progression of ccRCC. Tumor cell “slimming” offers a promising new concept and treatment modality against tumor development and progression.
Constructing High‐Performance All‐Small‐Molecule Ternary Solar Cells with the Same Third Component but Different Mechanisms for Fullerene and Non‐fullerene Systems
Authors: Chang Yanhong , Chang Yilin , Zhu Xiangwei , Zhou Xuehua , Yang Chen , Zhang Jianqi , Lu Kun , Sun Xiangnan , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo types of all‐small‐molecule ternary solar cells consisting of two small‐molecule donors and one acceptor (fullerene/non‐fullerene) are developed. Interestingly, both these devices have a common component: a carefully designed medium bandgap small molecule, which possesses appropriate energy levels and displays good compatibility with the host donor. In the fullerene system, the charge‐relaying role of the additive donor is confirmed by the improved charge transportation and suppressed charge recombination. While in the non‐fullerene system, the mixed face‐on and edge‐on orientation of the ternary film induced by the additive donor dominates the promotion of charge transportation. Accordingly, both ternary devices deliver higher short‐circuit current density, fill factor, and power conversion efficiencies of over 10% compared to binary ones. This work offers a promising guideline on the construction of high‐performance all‐small‐molecule ternary solar cells by incorporating a miscible small‐molecule donor.
Short‐term forecast of pig price index on an agricultural internet platform
Authors: Wang Ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFrom the perspective of agribusiness, the market price of live pigs reflects the current demand. Therefore, tracking and forecasting market prices are important tasks in agrimanagement, by which the production schedule can be adjusted to increase profit. An agricultural internet platform was developed as an integrated cloud service for market tracking. To quantitatively forecast online pig trading, in this study, a short‐term forecasting model of the pig price index was developed; the model automatically retrieved historical data as a training data set and determined the price index forecast with an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithm for a time‐series analysis. The mean square error (MSE) of the AR(1) model for predicting the pig price index in Henan Province was 159.010, and the MSE of the ARIMA(1,1) model for predicting pig price index in Fujian Province was 92.294. The results demonstrated that the error between the predicted calculation and verification test results was small, and the results efficiently improved the prediction accuracy (EconLit citations: C6, L86, Q1).
Nonlinear variable selection algorithms for surrogate modeling
Authors: Zhai Jianyuan , Boukouvala Fani 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHaving the ability to analyze, simulate, and optimize complex systems is becoming more important in all engineering disciplines. Decision‐making using complex systems usually leads to nonlinear optimization problems, which rely on computationally expensive simulations. Therefore, it is often challenging to detect the actual structure of the optimization problem and formulate these problems with closed‐form analytical expressions. Surrogate‐based optimization of complex systems is a promising approach that is based on the concept of adaptively fitting and optimizing approximations of the input–output data. Standard surrogate‐based optimization assumes the degrees of freedom are known a priori; however, in real applications the sparsity and the actual structure of the black‐box formulation may not be known. In this work, we propose to select the correct variables contributing to each objective function and constraints of the black‐box problem, by formulating the identification of the true sparsity of the formulation as a nonlinear feature selection problem. We compare three variable selection criteria based on Support Vector Regression and develop efficient algorithms to detect the sparsity of black‐box formulations when only a limited amount of deterministic or noisy data is available.
Zoonotic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sinonasal infections: risk factors and resistance patterns
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Danielian Arman , Kim Han Wool , Yoo Fredrick , Kuan Edward C. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a Gram‐positive bacteria that colonizes the skin and orifices of healthy canines and felines. It has recently been identified as a cause of sinonasal infections in humans.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with S pseudintermedius‒positive sinonasal cultures and comparison to a prospectively collected control sample of patients who underwent culture for acute exacerbation of CRS.ResultsThirty‐three patients with CRS had nasal cultures positive for S pseudintermedius. Of the positive cultures, 82% demonstrated resistance to penicillin, 58% to clindamycin, 45% to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, 33% to doxycycline, and 27% to oxacillin. Ninety‐seven percent of patients with S pseudintermedius were dog owners. There was no significant difference in age, gender, recent endoscopic sinus surgery, or immunosuppression or deficiency between S pseudintermedius patients and patients undergoing culture for acute exacerbation of CRS, but S pseudintermedius infection was associated with dog ownership (p < 0.01). S pseudintermedius infection was not associated with behaviors such as a dog sleeping in the bedroom, routinely licking humans, or being diagnosed with a soft tissue infection.ConclusionAlthough a rare cause of infection in humans, S pseudintermedius should be considered in sinonasal infections refractory to standard medical management, especially if the patient has regular contact with dogs. S pseudintermedius is not readily identified with routine laboratory diagnostic testing and often demonstrates multidrug resistance, making it a pathogen that is commonly misdiagnosed and difficult to treat.
Structural Features and HER activity of Cadmium Phosphohalides
Authors: Roy Anand , Singh Anjali , Aravindh S. Assa , Servottam Swaraj , Waghmare Umesh V. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have carried out a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the structures and properties of a family of cadmium phosphochlorides with varying Cl/Cd and P/Cd ratios, Cd2P3Cl, Cd4P2Cl3, Cd3PCl3, and Cd7P4Cl6. Their optical band gaps are in the visible region and the values are sensitive to the Cl/Cd and P/Cd ratios, leading to an increase and decrease, respectively. First‐principles calculations were used to understand the bonding and electronic structures. All phosphochlorides except Cd2P3Cl possess direct band gaps. The calculated dielectric constants and Born effective charges illustrate the bonding, hybridization, and ionic character in these compounds. The band positions indicate the thermodynamic feasibility to perform water splitting. All systems can be used in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), where Cd7P4Cl6 has the highest activity and Cd3PCl3 the lowest. The apparent quantum yield is highest in Cd7P4Cl6 (20.1 %) even without the assistance of a co‐catalyst. The HER activity can be understood on the basis of photoelectrochemical measurements.
Asymmetric Lewis Acid Catalyzed Electrochemical Alkylation
Authors: Zhang Qinglin , Chang Xihao , Peng Lingzi , Guo Chang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLewis‐acid catalysis and electrochemistry represent two powerful fields that have found widespread application in organic chemistry. Reported herein is an asymmetric electrosynthesis in combination with a chiral Ni catalyst leading to an intermolecular alkylation reaction in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee). Mechanistic studies suggest that the Lewis‐acid‐bound radical intermediate from a single‐electron anodic oxidation selectively reacts with the benzylic radical species to generate the desired adducts.
The Mechanism of Nonenzymatic Template Copying with Imidazole‐Activated Nucleotides
Authors: Walton Travis , Zhang Wen , Li Li , Tam Chun Pong , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe emergence of the replication of RNA oligonucleotides was a critical step in the origin of life. An important model for the study of nonenzymatic template copying, which would be a key part of any such pathway, involves the reaction of ribonucleoside‐5′‐phosphorimidazolides with an RNA primer/template complex. The mechanism by which the primer becomes extended by one nucleotide was assumed to be a classical in‐line nucleophilic‐substitution reaction in which the 3′‐hydroxyl of the primer attacks the phosphate of the incoming activated monomer with displacement of the imidazole leaving group. Surprisingly, this simple model has turned out to be incorrect, and the dominant pathway has now been shown to involve the reaction of two activated nucleotides with each other to form a 5′–5′‐imidazolium bridged dinucleotide intermediate. Here we review the discovery of this unexpected intermediate, and the chemical, kinetic, and structural evidence for its role in template copying chemistry.
Persistent Solid‐State Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence at Room Temperature by a Twisted Hydrocarbon
Authors: Salla Cristian A. M. , Farias Giliandro , Rouzières Mathieu , Dechambenoit Pierre , Durola Fabien , Bock Harald , de Souza Bernardo , Bechtold Ivan H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe dehydrating cyclotrimerization of 1‐tetralone in the presence of titanium tetrachloride at high temperatures leads to homotruxene, a nonplanar arene in which the twist angles between its three outer benzene rings and the central benzene are stabilized by ethylene bridges. This non‐planar configuration allows for pronounced spin–orbit coupling and a high triplet energy, leading to room‐temperature phosphorescence in air with a lifetime of 0.38 s and a quantum yield of 5.6 %, clearly visible to the human eye after switching off the excitation. Triplet–triplet annihilation is found to simultaneously lead to a substantial delayed fluorescence, unprecedented from a pure hydrocarbon at ambient conditions, with a lifetime of 0.11 s.