bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a colorectal cancer screening programme: results from a single‐centre study
Authors: Vermeer N. C. A. , Bahadoer R. R. , Bastiaannet E. , Holman F. A. , Meershoek‐Klein Kranenbarg E. , Liefers G. J. , van de Velde C. J. H. , Peeters K. C. M. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimIn 2014, a national colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme was launched in the Netherlands. It is difficult to assess for the individual patients with CRC whether the oncological benefits of surgery will outweigh the morbidity of the procedure, especially in early lesions. This study compares patient and tumour characteristics between screen‐detected and nonscreen‐detected patients. Also, we present an overview of treatment options and clinical dilemmas when treating patients with early‐stage colorectal disease.MethodBetween January 2014 and December 2016, all patients with nonmalignant polyps or CRC who were referred to the Department of Surgery of the Leiden University Medical Centre in the Netherlands were included. Baseline characteristics, type of treatment and short‐term outcomes of patients with screen‐detected and nonscreen‐detected colorectal tumours were compared.ResultsA total of 426 patients were included, of whom 240 (56.3%) were identified by screening. Nonscreen‐detected patients more often had comorbidity (P = 0.03), the primary tumour was more often located in the rectum (P = 0.001) and there was a higher rate of metastatic disease (P < 0.001). Of 354 surgically treated patients, postoperative adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups (P = 0.38). Of 46 patients with T1 CRC in the endoscopic resection specimen, 23 underwent surgical resection of whom only 30.4% had residual invasive disease at colectomy.ConclusionDespite differences in comorbidity, stage and surgical outcome of patients with screen‐detected tumours compared to nonscreen‐detected tumours were not significantly different. Considering its limited oncological benefits as well as the rate of adverse events, surgery for nonmalignant polyps and T1 CRC should be considered carefully.
Is an FEV1 of 80% predicted a normal spirometry in cystic fibrosis children and adults?
Authors: König Peter , Ner Zarah , Acton James D. , Ge Bin , Hewett John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionFEV1 is considered the gold standard spirometric measure for the assessment and management of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Recent evidence suggests that tests at lower lung volumes may be more sensitive.ObjectivesTo assess how many other spirometric tests are abnormal in the presence of a normal FEV1 (≥80%) and which spirometric tests are most sensitive in detecting airway obstruction.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 3169 spirometry tests on 184 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6‐57 years. Tests were acceptable if they met ATS criteria.ResultsTests with normal FEV1, FEF75 showed obstruction in 58% of tests, FEF25‐75 in 31% and FEV1/FVC ratio in 72%. Overall 75% of tests had an abnormality. FEF75, FEF25‐75, FEF50 and FEV1/FVC ratio were all significantly more sensitive in identifying obstruction than FEV1. The FEV1/FVC ratio was the most sensitive of all tests in identifying obstruction except in adults (> 20 years), in whom FEF75 at 90%, was more sensitive than the ratio at 85%. FEF25‐75 was also at 85% sensitive. Even though the FEV1/FVC ratio was the most sensitive of all tests, in the presence of a normal ratio, 35% other tests were abnormal.ConclusionsNormal FEV1, is not indicative of normal spirometry. FEV1/FVC is the most sensitive measure of early or mild airway obstruction in children with cystic fibrosis. If only the FEV1/FVC ratio was considered, many cases of obstruction would be missed, therefore all spirometric measures should be considered in the clinical evaluation of airway obstruction.
Disequilibrium in Development Finance: The Contested Politics of Institutional Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank Inspection Panel
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. , Naudé Fourie Andria , Tan‐Mullins May 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines the dynamic nature with which independent accountability mechanisms operate. Focusing on the World Bank, the authors argue that its Inspection Panel evolves according to internal and external pressures. In seeking to achieve equilibrium, and protect its authority and independence, the Panel has gone through several distinct phases: negotiation, emergence, protracted resistance, assertion of independence and authority, renewed tension, and contestation. The core novelty of the article is its application of concepts from outside the field of development studies — notably institutional accountability from the governance literature, and judicialization from the legal studies literature — to the topic of the Inspection Panel. Examining the Panel in this way demonstrates that accountability mechanisms represent a hybrid of transnational governance influenced by a range of actors including project‐affected peoples, national governments, managers and development donors. Accountability in development finance is about competing interests as well as competing conceptions and expectations of accountability. In such a complex and multi‐scalar system, the Panel is not only concerned with delivering well‐researched investigation reports; it is also an entity seeking to ensure its own survival, as well as an arbiter of its own brand of legitimacy and accountability.
Neural signatures of co‐occurring reading and mathematical difficulties
Authors: Skeide Michael A. , Evans Tanya M. , Mei Edward Z. , Abrams Daniel A. , Menon Vinod 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImpaired abilities in multiple domains is common in children with learning difficulties. Co‐occurrence of low reading and mathematical abilities (LRLM) appears in almost every second child with learning difficulties. However, little is known regarding the neural bases of this combination. Leveraging a unique and tightly controlled sample including children with LRLM, isolated low reading ability (LR), and isolated low mathematical ability (LM), we uncover a distinct neural signature in children with co‐occurring low reading and mathematical abilities differentiable from LR and LM. Specifically, we show that LRLM is neuroanatomically distinct from both LR and LM based on reduced cortical folding of the right parahippocampal gyrus, a medial temporal lobe region implicated in visual associative learning. LRLM children were further distinguished from LR and LM by patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity between parahippocampal gyrus and brain circuitry underlying reading and numerical quantity processing. Our results critically inform cognitive and neural models of LRLM by implicating aberrations in both domain‐specific and domain‐general brain regions involved in reading and mathematics. More generally, our results provide the first evidence for distinct multimodal neural signatures associated with LRLM, and suggest that this population displays an independent phenotype of learning difficulty that cannot be explained simply as a combination of isolated low reading and mathematical abilities.
Prospective organization of neonatal arm movements: A motor foundation of embodied agency, disrupted in premature birth
Authors: Delafield‐Butt Jonathan T. , Freer Yvonne , Perkins Jon , Skulina David , Schögler Ben , Lee David N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProspective motor control moves the body into the future, from where one is to where one wants to be. It is a hallmark of intentionality. But its origin in development is uncertain. In this study, we tested whether or not the arm movements of newborn infants were prospectively controlled. We measured the spatiotemporal organization of 480 full‐term neonatal arm movements and 384 arm movements of prematurely born infants at‐risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. We found 75% of healthy term‐birth neonatal movements and 68% of prematurely born infant movements conformed to the τG‐coupling model of prospective sensorimotor control. Prospective coupling values were significantly reduced in the latter (p = .010, r = .087). In both cases prospectively controlled movements were tightly organized by fixed‐duration units with a base duration of 218 ms and additional temporal units of 145 ms. Yet distances remained constant. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time a precise prospective spatiotemporal organization of neonatal arm movements and demonstrate that at‐risk infants exhibit reduced sensorimotor control. Prospective motor control is a hallmark of primary sensorimotor intentionality and gives a strong embodied foundation to conscious motor agency.
Ultrahigh risk for developing psychosis and psychotic personality organization
Authors: van der Gaag Mark , Eurelings‐Bontekoe Liesbeth , Ising Helga , van den Berg David 
Published: June 2018

AimsChildhood adversities combined with unsafe parenting may disturb personality development. This study investigated whether psychotic personality organization as defined by Kernberg and assessed with de Dutch Short Form of the MMPI (DSFM) is more prevalent in ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis compared with non‐psychotic psychiatric control patients (NPPC).MethodsA total of 73 UHR and 119 NPPC patients were assessed with the DSFM and the Comprehensive Assessment of at Risk Mental States (CAARMS).ResultsThe results showed that the psychotic personality organization (PPO) was not associated to UHR status. The UHR group showed more severe symptoms, particularly higher scores on DSFM subscales negativism (negative affect) and somatization (vague somatic complaints) and severe psychopathology (psychotic symptoms and dissociation).ConclusionThe PPO profile is not associated to the risk of developing psychosis.
Contrasting patterns of molecular diversity and Wolbachia infection in bisexual and parthenogenetic Strophosoma weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kotásková Nela , Kolasa Michał , Kajtoch Łukasz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt has been postulated that parthenogenesis in weevil species is of hybrid origin, but some have speculated that Wolbachia infection plays a role through the modification of host breeding systems. Here we focus on Strophosoma weevils, which are known to be pests in young forest stands. Using molecular data, we investigated the diversity of the two most common Strophosoma species in Europe: S. capitatum, which reproduces bisexually, and S. melanogrammum, which is parthenogenetic. Also researched were their associations with the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. These species of weevil were found to be clearly distinguishable based on their mitochondrial DNA, with the bisexual taxa being more diverse. However, the nuclear DNA divergence of the two species was very low, and the parthenogenetic taxon was found to be heterozygous. Wolbachia infection was detected in all individuals of the S. melanogrammum populations and less than half of the S. capitatum populations. Moreover, multiple Wolbachia strains were found in both taxa (two in the former and three in the latter). The results of this research suggest that parthenogenesis in this genus is of hybrid origin and that Wolbachia could have played a role in speciation of these weevils.
Health care expenditures among elderly patients with epilepsy in the United States
Authors: Lekoubou Alain , Bishu Kinfe G. , Ovbiagele Bruce 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate health care expenditures among elderly patients with epilepsy in the United States.MethodsWe performed an analysis of weighted 37 738 607 US participants aged 65 years to estimate health care expenditures in the elderly with and without epilepsy using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, with 2003‐2014 data. Unadjusted health care expenditures were estimated. Independent health care expenditures were estimated, using a 2‐part model.ResultsWe identified 416 496 (1.1%) older individuals with epilepsy. Comorbidities were more prevalent among older individuals with epilepsy versus younger individuals. Mean unadjusted yearly medical cost of epilepsy in elderly patients with epilepsy was $18 712 (95% confidence interval [CI] = $15 947‐$21 476) during the pooled period 2003‐2014, which was nearly double the equivalent cost in elderly subjects without epilepsy at $10 168 (95% CI = $9925‐$10 410). Mean unadjusted annual medical cost of epilepsy in the elderly increased by $2135 from $15 850 (95% CI = $10 668‐$21 032) in 2003‐2006 to $17 985 (95% CI = $13 710‐$22 260) in 2011‐2014. Adjusted mean total health care expenditures per person per year for elderly patients with epilepsy were $12 526 in 2003‐2006, $13 423 in 2007‐2010, and $10 569 in 2011‐2014. Adjusted incremental health care costs associated with epilepsy in the elderly accrued by $4595 (95% CI = $2399‐$6791) when compared to elderly subjects without epilepsy. We estimated the mean annual aggregate cost of epilepsy at $7.8 billion to the US population.SignificanceEpilepsy is common among elderly individuals, and health care expenditures among this growing group are 2 times higher than in those without epilepsy.
PAX7 immunohistochemical evaluation of Ewing sarcoma and other small round cell tumours
Authors: Toki Shunichi , Wakai Susumu , Sekimizu Masaya , Mori Taisuke , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kawai Akira , Yoshida Akihiko 
Published: June 2018

AimsEwing sarcoma is a small round cell tumour that affects bone and soft tissues. Although the detection of the specific fusion gene is a robust method of its diagnosis, immunohistochemistry may serve as a practical surrogate. Recent tissue microarray studies suggested that PAX7 is a novel marker, because it was expressed consistently in Ewing sarcoma, in addition to rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma. Here, we evaluated the utility of PAX7 immunohistochemistry in whole‐tissue sections of an expanded array of round cell malignancies with adequate molecular characterisation.Methods and resultsWe stained 30 molecularly confirmed Ewing sarcomas, one EWSR1–NFATC2 sarcoma and 141 non‐Ewing round cell tumours by a monoclonal antibody against PAX7. Staining was considered positive if at least 5% of tumour cells were stained. PAX7 was expressed in 27 of 30 Ewing sarcomas (90%), mainly in a diffuse and strong manner. Although NKX2‐2 showed similar sensitivity, PAX7 showed more extensive and strong reactivity. One EWSR1–NFATC2 sarcoma co‐expressed PAX7 and NKX2‐2. PAX7 was also expressed in 24 of 141 non‐Ewing tumours, including alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (seven of 10), poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas (seven of 10), BCOR–CCNB3 sarcomas (eight of 10), small‐cell osteosarcoma (one of five) and desmoplastic small round cell tumour (one of 10), one‐third of which showed diffuse strong reactivity.ConclusionsAlthough we confirmed that PAX7 is a sensitive marker for Ewing sarcoma, anti‐PAX7 antibody also stained several Ewing sarcoma mimics, whose spectrum was distinct from NKX2‐2‐positive non‐Ewing entities. Further studies are required to determine how PAX7 could be integrated into practice to classify small round cell tumours efficiently.
Trade and jobs in Europe: The role of mode 5 service exports
Authors: RUEDA‐CANTUCHE José M. , CERNAT Lucian , SOUSA Nuno 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports of goods and services has increased markedly, with a shift towards jobs supported by services exported as part of manufactured goods. The authors seek further insight into this trend through the full decomposition of trade flows using a multi‐regional input–output model and the World Input–Output Database for 40 countries and 35 industries over the period 1995–2011. Their findings call for reflection by policy‐makers regarding the four traditional modes of service supply under the General Agreement on Trade in Services with a view to adequately capturing this new reality in global trade.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of an interactive avatar‐based education application for improving heart failure patients’ knowledge and self‐care behaviours: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Wonggom Parichat , Du Huiyun , Clark Robyn A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an avatar‐based education application for improving knowledge and self‐care behaviour in patients with heart failure (HF).BackgroundAvatar‐based technologies for supporting education are an innovative approach for patients with low literacy, low health literacy and English as a second language. The use of avatar technologies for patient education has shown benefits in improving knowledge, self‐care behaviours and quality of life in chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and depression. Research has demonstrated positive outcomes in clinical practice. However, the effectiveness of this technology has not been evaluated among patients with HF.DesignA multi‐centred, non‐blinded randomized, two‐armed parallel pragmatic, controlled trial.MethodEighty‐eight participants will be recruited from the HF clinics at three public hospitals and randomized into either control or intervention groups. The intervention group will receive the avatar‐based education plus usual care. The control group will receive usual care. The primary outcome is HF knowledge, secondary outcomes include; improved self‐care behaviours, readmission and satisfaction. Data will be collected at the baseline and at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups.DiscussionThis study will measure the effectiveness of avatar‐based education on patients’ knowledge and self‐care behaviours following HF. The evidence will be evaluated in terms of the reduction in patients’ readmission.
Hydrogen gas inhalation protects against cutaneous ischaemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse model of pressure ulcer
Authors: Fang Wei , Wang Guizhen , Tang Luyan , Su Huilin , Chen Huyan , Liao Wanqing , Xu Jinhua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPressure ulcer formation depends on various factors among which repetitive ischaemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury plays a vital role. Molecular hydrogen (H2) was reported to have protective effects on I/R injuries of various internal organs. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2 inhalation on pressure ulcer and the underlying mechanisms. H2 inhalation significantly reduced wound area, 8‐oxo‐dG level (oxidative DNA damage) and cell apoptosis rates in skin lesions. H2 remarkably decreased ROS accumulation and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities by up‐regulating expression of Nrf2 and its downstream components in wound tissue and/or H2O2‐treated endothelia. Meanwhile, H2 inhibited the overexpression of MCP‐1, E‐selectin, P‐selectin and ICAM‐1 in oxidant‐induced endothelia and reduced inflammatory cells infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐8) production in the wound. Furthermore, H2 promoted the expression of pro‐healing factors (IL‐22, TGF‐β, VEGF and IGF1) and inhibited the production of MMP9 in wound tissue in parallel with acceleration of cutaneous collagen synthesis. Taken together, these data indicated that H2 inhalation suppressed the formation of pressure ulcer in a mouse model. Molecular hydrogen has potentials as a novel and alternative therapy for severe pressure ulcer. The therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen might be related to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, pro‐healing actions.
Allergic contact reaction to antiseptics in very young children
Authors: Darrigade A.S. , Léauté‐Labrèze C. , Boralevi F. , Taïeb A. , Milpied B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundContact dermatitis from topical antiseptic use has been reported mostly in adults, but rare cases of chlorhexidine contact dermatitis have also been described in young children.ObjectiveTo evaluate contact allergic dermatitis to antiseptics in young children.MethodsThe children mostly referred for a misdiagnose (cellulitis) were patch tested with a selection of the European baseline series, an antiseptics series and the personal topical products used.ResultsFourteen children (8 boys, 6 girls) received a diagnosis of contact dermatitis to antiseptics between May 2010 and December 2017. The mean age at diagnosis was 38 months (8 months to 8 years); three children only had a personal history of atopy. Chlorhexidine gluconate was positive in seven cases, and benzalkonium chloride in eight cases, and in four cases, both allergens were positive.ConclusionThese small case series confirm that both chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride are implicated in contact dermatitis from antiseptic use in the paediatric population. We emphasize the initial misdiagnose of these patients, the very young age of the children and the allergenic potential of common antiseptics in non‐atopic children. We hypothesize that the systematic use of antiseptics for umbilical cord care could be responsible for the sensitization in newborns.
Evaluation of large clinically atypical vulvar pigmentation with RCM: atypical melanosis or early melanoma?
Authors: Theillac C. , Cinotti E. , Malvehy J. , Ronger Savle S. , Balme B. , Robinson P. , Perrot J.L. , Douchet C. , Biron Schneider A.C. , Alos L. , Garcia A. , Barreiro A. , Labeille B. , Duru G. , Dalle S. , Thomas L. , Debarbieux S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundVulvar melanosis can occasionally be clinically challenging by mimicking an early melanoma.ObjectiveTo report our experience of initial evaluation and follow‐up in this peculiar subset of vulvar melanosis using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 18 consecutive cases referred for atypical vulvar pigmentation or for which melanoma was considered and that underwent both RCM examination and histopathological assessment. In 13 cases with available dermoscopic pictures, RCM classification was compared to dermoscopic diagnosis, and in all cases, the density of melanocytes was evaluated on biopsies using MelanA immunostaining.ResultsAmong the 18 atypical pigmented lesions, 17 vulvar melanosis and one melanoma were histologically determined. RCM concluded a benign vulvar melanosis in 10 of 17 cases, whereas dermoscopy did so in three of 12 cases. RCM identified the only early malignant lentiginous melanoma. In several cases of vulvar melanosis, RCM could identify foci of melanocytic hyperplasia in an otherwise benign pattern.ConclusionsIn this clinically and dermoscopically challenging subset of vulvar pigmentations, RCM appears relevant for initial extensive evaluation, especially to target initial biopsy sampling, and to perform non‐invasive monitoring of foci of melanocytic hyperplasia.