bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How fair is construction business in Australia? Perception of Consultant Quantity Surveyors
Authors: Teck-Heng Lim Benson , Miu Rachel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCreating and managing a fair work environment is a crucial undertaking for management to increasing talent retention and improving organisational efficiency. Hitherto, little or no empirical study has done to investigate how construction employees perceive fairness at work and if their perceived fairness is positively associated with their emotion and pro-social behaviours. In addressing this gap, an online questionnaire survey was undertaken across 50 consultant quantity surveyors in the Australian construction industry to examine their perception of fairness at work and if their perceived fairness would associate with their emotion and behaviours. Overall, the findings suggest that there is a higher level of interpersonal fairness than distributive, procedural and information fairness in the Australian construction workplace. Furthermore, it is found that employees’ perceived interpersonal, informational and procedural fairness have strong positive correlations with their level of confidence, satisfaction, trust, harmony, enthusiasm and stress within the company, and that, in presence of a trusting, harmonious and active working relationship employees are very likely to adopt righteous, sportsmanship and courteous behaviours. In summary, the findings inform company management the types of perceived fairness that are associated with employees’ emotion and behaviours, and thus enable them to develop more targeted human resource management strategies to improve their organisational performance.
The selection of optimum water-cement ratio for production of low thermal conductivity cement sand brick with Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre as admixture
Authors: Fatina Md Sali Nurul , Deraman Rafikullah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The development of housing construction project in Malaysia has rapidly increasing. However, the development of the projects only focusing on the exterior look without giving consideration on the thermal properties of materials used for building envelopes which may influence to external gain and thermal comfort for the occupants inside. As way to encounter the problem, one of the methods is by passive design which through utilized a low thermal conductivity of brick wall in creating good thermal insulation of the building envelops. This study investigated the characteristics of the cement sand brick (CSB) with incorporated of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre (OPMF) as admixture by using different water-cement ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.65. All bricks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity. The result reveals that the higher water-cement ratio increased the compressive strength and water absorption, while decreased in thermal conductivity of bricks. It was found that, by incorporating of 0.65 water-cement ratio enhances the production of low thermal conductivity brick with value of 0.891 W/mºC, compressive strength of 12.4 MPa and water absorption of 1.99% that meets the standard requirement. Foremost, the incorporation of OPMF with water-cement ratio of 0.65 provides alternative solution for energy efficiency and improve the comfort in buildings by improving CSB insulation properties.
Analysis on Performance of Screw Compressor in MVR system
Authors: Liu Guangbin , Zhao Xiaoyan , Liansheng Li , Bin Tang , Qichao Yang , Yuanyang Zhao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Screw compressor is suitable for small scale mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system especially for the solution with high boiling point elevation. In this paper, a mathematical model of screw compressor in MVR system is built and its working process is simulated. The results show that water injection improves the efficiency of screw compressor obviously and the compression process along saturated vapor line is realized if enough water is injected. The volumetric and isentropic efficiency is not sensitive with the water if more than flow rate of 35L/h is injected. The discharge temperature decreases from 133.4°C to 108°C with water quantities of 5L/h to 35L/h and then it is constant . The large saturated heat transfer difference in evaporator leads to decrement of volumetric efficiency but increment of isentropic efficiency. The mass flow rate of distilled water increase from 0.38t/h to 2.56 t/h and the saturated temperature difference increases from 4°C to 26.9°C when the rotating speed increases from 1000 rpm to 6000rpm.
Numerical analysis of gas-dynamic efficiency of the flow part of compact air heat exchangers and filters for mobile compressor units
Authors: Yusha V L , Filkin N Yu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The technique of numerical analysis of filters and heat exchangers used for air purification and cooling at mobile compressor units is presented. The proposed method is verified by comparing the results of numerical and experimental studies on similar objects in geometry and under similar operating conditions. The numerical parametric analysis of filters and heat exchangers with different options of the flow part is carried out. The efficiency of these devices has been improved by replacing the flat partition with a short diffuser with guides.
Optimization of sliding-vane expanders for a low-enthalpy ORC energy recovery system
Authors: Murgia Stefano , Valenti Gianluca , Costanzo Ida , Manfreda Pasquale Pio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Increasingly numerous are the experimental activities on low-grade ORC focused on expanders optimization, in order to increase the cycle net power and efficiency. In the range of small power ORCs, positive displacement expanders are more suitable than dynamic expanders thanks to lower speed, good off-design performance, high expansion ratio, low cost and simple manufacturing. This paper presents an extensive experimental analysis on a low-enthalpy ORC-based recovery system tested in different conditions: two different working fluids (R236fa and R1233zd) and two different sliding-vane expanders (ExpA and ExpB) are tested and the ORC performance are mapped in detail. A particular focus is dedicated to expander optimization: the operating conditions are deeply investigated by using piezoelectric pressure transducers to determine the expansion indicated diagram and the expander mechanical efficiency. Also the effect of the variation of both the expander and pump rotational speeds is investigated. The thermal source is the hot lubricant of a mid-size air compressor, the thermal sink is tap water.
Investigation into the effects of surface condensation in steam-driven twin screw expanders
Authors: Grieb Manuel , Brümmer Andreas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During the operation of twin screw expanders with slightly superheated vapours or even two-phase fluids, surface condensation on machine parts occurs during the filling period and the expansion phase when the working fluid is in contact with cooler inner surfaces. This heat exchange from the working fluid to adjacent machine parts effects the working cycle and the efficiency of these machines. Short time scales and the periodicity of the process indicate the condensation process is best described by models for dropwise condensation. In this paper the effects of surface condensation on the operation of twin screw expanders are initially discussed in a simulation-based investigation. Chamber model simulation coupled with a thermal analysis is used for the thermodynamic simulation, whereby heat transfer coefficients are systematically varied. It is found that during the inlet phase condensate emerges on the inner surfaces of the machine being substantially cooler than the working fluid. This results in a higher mass being trapped within the working chamber and, thus, an increasing mass flow rate of the machine. An increase in power output is, however, not observed. The results obtained from chamber model simulations are finally compared against experimental data of a screw expander prototype.
Creating a multi-level model of a centrifugal compressor for a digital analogue of the gas turbine engine
Authors: Marchukov Evgenii , Egorov Igor , Popov Grigorii , Baturin Oleg , Volkov Andrei , Kolmakova Daria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the main ideas of the virtual test bench concept for rapid obtaining of the reliable characteristics of compressors based on a multi-level mathematical model with a two-step identification using data obtained from mathematical models with a high order of accuracy. One of the possible identification algorithms and the results of its successful testing are given on the example of a centrifugal compressor stage developed and tested at NASA.
Measurement of fluctuation at the discharge of positive displacement compressors
Authors: Rohleder C S , Groll E A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
All positive displacement compressors (PDC’s) experience pressure fluctuation at the discharge ports of the compression mechanism, and these fluctuations can adversely affect compressor performance. These pressure fluctuations are caused by the nature of PDC’s; when a pocket of working fluid is exposed to system piping at differing pressure levels, a wave of pressure equalization flows through the line, potentially causing the compressor and piping to vibrate and generate noise (Soedel 2007). Compressor manufacturers currently use serial muffler designs, discharge plenums, and valves to minimize this fluctuation, but pressure fluctuation may persist at the outlet of serial muffling methods. A parallel muffling design has been developed for use in Roots blowers, having significantly reduced noise and pressure fluctuation seen in these machines (Huang et al. 2014). To identify the potential for use of this parallel muffling design in refrigeration systems and PDC’s, the magnitude of fluctuation at the discharge of a scroll compressor and a dual rotary compressor have been measured at various operating conditions. The compressors were left unmodified, with any current internal muffling methods in place. The measurement of these unmodified compressors determined the effectiveness of current muffling methods, with the intent to determine if using a parallel muffling technique is warranted. Pressure measurements were taken at 1000 Hz, and Fast Fourier Transform implemented to isolate pressure fluctuation based on frequency. Measurements lead to magnitudes of up to 16 kPa in pressure fluctuation with current muffling methods, indicating that further fluctuation reduction is possible.
A New Approach to Mechanical Loss Measurement of a Reciprocating Compressor
Authors: Kerpicci Husnu , Sahin Caglar , Ozdemir Ahmet Refik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Changing energy regulations urge all appliance manufacturers to use more efficient components in their products. Reciprocating compressor is one of the most crucial part for the energy efficiency of a refrigerator. Not only electrical and thermodynamic but also mechanical efficiency is the crucial issue determining the coefficient of performance (COP) of a compressor. Therefore, precise and trustworthy measurement comprising the frictional losses is one of the critical parameters to anticipate the real effect of novel design concepts. The objective of this study is the development of a new approach to measure mechanical losses of a reciprocating compressor. The method is based on the precise measurement of deceleration. A test rig, where the oil temperature, ambient pressure and temperature are able to be adjusted, is established. Measurements are performed under different average load for varying oil viscosity level. Load conditions are provided by adjusting ambient pressure of the chamber in which compressor body is placed. A heater is used on the body of the compressor to simulate temperatures corresponding with real temperatures acquired from the measurements of the compressor. Compression work is calculated by measurement of absolute cylinder pressure with respect to angular position of the crank shaft. Results are promising to use this measurement system for more detailed investigation.
Performance Testing of a Dual Rotary Compressor with a Variable Speed PSC Motor
Authors: Salts N P , Rohleder C , Groll E A , Chretien L , Yang B , Becerra R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A new system solution has been developed and tested by the authors and has been shown to improve the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER) of fixed-speed condenser split-system residential heat pumps. This is achieved through the use of a low power electronic drive that allows components with PSC motors (such as fans and compressors) to operate at multiple low speeds or variable speeds when partial capacity is required. At full capacity, the electronic drive is disabled and the PSC motors are operated at fixed speeds dictated by the frequency of the power source. Previous research by the authors has shown that fixed-speed heat pumps driven by rotary compressors with PSC motors achieve significantly greater improvements in performance and in overall SEER when operated with the electronic drive than similar heat pumps driven by scroll compressors with PSC motors. The current research measures the compressor and drive performance through calorimeter testing. This paper presents the results of testing a dual rotary PSC compressor in variable speed mode in association with the new electronic drive. The purpose of this testing is to understand how an off-the-shelf compressor with a PSC motor intended for fixed-speed operation performs under variable speed operation. Preliminary results of testing a PSC scroll compressor in variable speed mode with the electronic drive are also presented for comparison with the rotary compressor. Future research will focus on testing other common HVAC compressor technologies and employing mechanistic compressor models in order to better understand the parameters which affect the performance of PSC driven compressors under variable speed operation.
Efficiency analysis of the novel twin chamber rotary compressor
Authors: Na S K , Lee T M , Choi G M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The efficiency of the novel twin chamber rotary compressor was analyzed by comparing with conventional one. The increasing of the compression volume is the main advantage of the novel twin chamber compressor comparing with conventional one. To make this additional volume, newly geometric concept like vane bush was applied in the novel twin chamber rotary compressor. The losses occurred in these newly parts are different compared with the conventional one. So, the efficiency analysis of the novel rotary compressor was conducted about compressor loss aspect. To analyze these efficiencies, the simulation program was developed using numerical analysis. This program based on the conventional rotary compressor one. That means all the theoretical functions and concept of the conventional rotary compressor program was applied to novel compressor simulation program. To verify the numerical simulation method of the novel compressor program, experimental and simulation results were compared. Error between the simulation and experimental results were expressed in 4.2 to 8.6%. So, the simulation program showed a good agreement with experiments. Cooling capacity of the novel compressor is higher 34.68% compared conventional compressor. The input power of the novel rotary compressor is increased about 24.94% in ARI and 22.06% in CHEER conditions compared conventional one. Energy efficiency was evaluated with EER and the novel rotary compressor is improved about 8.06% in ARI and 10.76% in CHEER condition compared with conventional one.
Performance evaluation of a novel single-screw compressor and expander design
Authors: Ziviani Davide , Goeghegan Patrick J. , Groll Eckhard A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Single-screw machines have seen significant development and improvement over the last decades and they are currently employed as both compressors and expanders in several applications. The correct functioning of the machine heavily relies on the meshing between the gate rotors and the central rotor which is directly linked to the precision of the manufacturing process to avoid unexpected wear of the tooth profiles. It is well known that the wear of the gate rotor tooth profiles over time is one of the limiting factors with respect to twin-screw machines. To this end, a number of studies have been reported in the literature about improved tooth profiles. For instance, the conventional straight-line profile has been replaced by multi-column tooth flank designs to enlarge the contact surface. However, the manufacturing process is still based on CNC machines with associated challenges.
In a previous study, the authors proposed and modeled a new tooth profile design to overcome the aforementioned limitations. In particular, 3D printing technique was utilized to manufacture the non-conventional tooth design. A geometry model has also been developed to calculate the sealing lines, groove volume curves, and surface areas of the new design.
In this work, a detailed mechanistic model of the single-screw machine is exercised to compare the conventional straight-line profile with the newly proposed tooth profile. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of seal lines on the leakage flows. Furthermore, the design implications of the new tooth profile on internal volume ratio, porting, and displacement are also discussed.
rnaSPAdes: a de novo transcriptome assembler and its application to RNA-Seq data
Authors: Bushmanova Elena , Antipov Dmitry , Lapidus Alla , Prjibelski Andrey D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The possibility of generating large RNA-sequencing datasets has led to development of various reference-based and de novo transcriptome assemblers with their own strengths and limitations. While reference-based tools are widely used in various transcriptomic studies, their application is limited to the organisms with finished and well-annotated genomes. De novo transcriptome reconstruction from short reads remains an open challenging problem, which is complicated by the varying expression levels across different genes, alternative splicing, and paralogous genes.

Results
Herein we describe the novel transcriptome assembler rnaSPAdes, which has been developed on top of the SPAdes genome assembler and explores computational parallels between assembly of transcriptomes and single-cell genomes. We also present quality assessment reports for rnaSPAdes assemblies, compare it with modern transcriptome assembly tools using several evaluation approaches on various RNA-sequencing datasets, and briefly highlight strong and weak points of different assemblers.

Conclusions
Based on the performed comparison between different assembly methods, we infer that it is not possible to detect the absolute leader according to all quality metrics and all used datasets. However, rnaSPAdes typically outperforms other assemblers by such important property as the number of assembled genes and isoforms, and at the same time has higher accuracy statistics on average comparing to the closest competitors.
Nutrient digestibility of soybean products in grower-finisher pigs1
Authors: Yáñez Jorge L , Woyengo Tofuko A , Jha Rajesh , Van Kempen Theo A T G , Zijlstra Ruurd T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Solvent extraction of soybean creates soybean meal (SBM), but an array of other soybean products can be created using further processing of SBM or soybean. For accurate inclusion of these products in pig feed, characterization of digestible AA profile and energy value is required. Soybean products from processes such as extrusion (EX) of soybean and thermo-mechanical (TM) treatment, bioconversion using fermentation or enzymes (BC), and ethanol-water extraction (EW) of soybean meal were collected together with SBM. These 9 soybean products were tested in cornstarch-based diets together with an N-free diet for a total of 10 diets. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (30.4 ± 0.7 kg initial BW) were fed 10 diets at 2.8 times maintenance DE for six 9-d periods with a 6 (periods) × 10 (pigs) Youden square. The control SBM contained 47.0% CP, 1.4% ether extract, and ADF 6.0%. The 9 soybean products contained 35.6% to 66.4% CP, 0.9% to 21.6% ether extract, and 4.4% to 8.0% ADF. The EW soybean products were high in CP (>61%), whereas the 2 EX soybean products were low in CP (<36%) but high in ether extract (≥19%). Chemically available Lys ranged from 92.6% to 100% of total Lys, indicating that minor Lys damage occurred during processing. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy was lower (P < 0.05) for soybean products with greater ether extract and ADF content than SBM, and varied among soybean products. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) did not differ (P > 0.05) among soybean products for most AA, except for lower SID of Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, and Tyr (P < 0.05) for EX2 and BC1 than other soybean products. The DE and predicted NE value did not differ (P > 0.05) among soybean products. The greater SID AA content (P < 0.05) in EW, BC, and TM1 soybean products than SBM was mainly a result of greater total AA content due to removal of other macronutrients. In conclusion, extrusion of soybean creates soybean products with a greater energy value but lower ATTD of energy and lower SID AA content than SBM. Further processing of SBM creates soybean products with greater CP and SID AA content but similar SID of AA than SBM. Thus, new technologies to process SBM or soybean create high-value ingredients to be included in pig diets, especially for young pigs with high nutritional requirements.
The Need for a National Strategy to Address Vector-Borne Disease Threats in the United States
Authors: Beard Charles B , Visser Susanna N , Petersen Lyle R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality each year in the United States. Over the last 14 yr, over 700,000 cases of diseases carried by ticks, mosquitoes, and fleas have been reported from U.S. states and territories to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The number of reported cases has been increasing annually with two major trends: a steady increase in tick-borne diseases and increasing intermittent outbreaks of mosquito-borne arboviruses. The factors that are driving VBD introduction and emergence vary among diseases but are not likely to disappear, indicating that current trends will continue and probably worsen in the absence of effective prevention and control tools and implementation capacity. There are a number of challenges to preventing VBDs, including the lack of vaccines and effective vector control tools, insecticide resistance, and eroding technical capacities in public health entomology at federal, state, and local levels. For these reasons, a national strategy is needed to address VBD threats and to reverse the alarming trend in morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases.