bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Antiviral Medication Use Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant US Outpatients
Authors: Regan Annette K , Rowe Stacey L , Sullivan Sheena G , Coates Matthew M , Muñoz Flor M , Arah Onyebuchi A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Pregnant people are at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated complications. While withholding treatment from pregnant patients is not recommended, little is known about the frequency of antiviral medication use during pregnancy.

Methods
Using Medicaid and commercial insurance databases, we constructed a national claims-based cohort study of pregnant, recently pregnant, and nonpregnant female patients 18–49 years old with an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19 between 21 December 2021 and 30 September 2022. Outpatient treatment with a recommended antiviral medication was identified within 5 days of diagnosis, using national drug codes in outpatient prescription drug claims. Propensity score–matched prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to compare antiviral treatment by pregnancy status.

Results
A total of 412 755 publicly and privately insured patients with COVID-19 were identified, including 33 855 currently pregnant, 2460 recently pregnant, and 376 440 nonpregnant female patients; 6.8% had a record of antiviral medication use, including 1.3% of pregnant, 5.4% of recently pregnant, and 7.3% of nonpregnant women. Most commonly ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir was administered. The prevalence of antiviral medication use was 67% lower among pregnant patients compared with nonpregnant patients (PR, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, .30–.36]), even among patients with ≥1 high-risk medical condition (0.29 [.25–.33]). Antiviral medication use was slightly lower among recently pregnant women with ≥1 high-risk medical condition than among nonpregnant women with similar conditions (PR, 0.57; [95% confidence interval, .44–.72]).

Conclusions
Despite US clinical guidelines, we observed low rates of outpatient treatment for COVID-19 among pregnant patients, indicating possible missed opportunities to treat COVID-19 illness during pregnancy and lactation.
Portraying political theatre: parody and caricature, ancient and modern
Authors: Davies Malcolm 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article builds on observations made in its author’s book The Hero’s Life-Choice (2023) and examines four nineteenth-century cartoons by John Doyle and his son Richard. It shows how the concetto underlying their title ‘a famous actor between Tragedy and Comedy’ descends from an eighteenth-century painting by Joshua Reynolds of the Shakespearean actor Garrick between the same two female personifications. This painting itself parodied the parable ‘Heracles at the Crossroads’ or ‘The Choice of Heracles between Virtue and Pleasure’, by the fifth-century bc Greek sophist Prodicus. The three earliest cartoons show two politicians on either side of, respectively, a personification of England, a king of England, and a Prime Minister of England. They may thus be interpreted as adumbrating the present-day conviction that politics is merely performative theatre. The appearance of Prime Minister Robert Peel in the latest of John Doyle’s cartoons chimes with the independently attested view by some contemporaries of his career as that of an actor-manager. A final section attempts to explain the unexpected reappearance of the ‘famous actor’ trope in two twentieth-century political cartoons and its definitive disappearance thereafter.
What to Expect When Switching to a Biosimilar: A US Healthcare Professional’s Perspective
Authors: Belton Juanita , D’Apice Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Lay Summary
As biosimilars become more available, many patients with inflammatory bowel disease may experience having their treatment switched from a reference product to a biosimilar. In this communication, a physician assistant and a pharmacist discuss the patient experience when switching to a biosimilar.
A case report of late vessel occlusion presenting as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after drug-coating balloon treatment of in-stent restenosis
Authors: Marschall Alexander , del Val David , Bastante Teresa , Rivero Fernando , Alfonso Fernando 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) offer an appealing therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients with coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR). In-segment late lumen loss, translating into recurrent ISR and the clinical need for target lesion revascularization, represents a well-established and thoroughly investigated limitation of DCB in this setting. However, abrupt vessel occlusion, clinically presenting as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), has not been previously described after DCB therapy for ISR.

Case summary
We herein present the case of a 70-year-old patient that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DCB for ISR. Despite achieving an excellent acute angiographic result (with no flow-limiting dissection and minimal angiographic residual stenosis), the patient presented 3 months later with STEMI due to occlusion of the previously treated segment. After adequate lesion preparation, a drug-eluting stent was implanted with optimal final angiographic result. The patient was discharged 2 days after the PCI without any post-procedural complications and remained asymptomatic at 6-month clinical follow-up.

Discussion
This case report is the first description of an abrupt vessel occlusion presenting as STEMI following a DCB angioplasty for ISR. This exceptional presentation does not dismount the solid evidence supporting the long-term safety of DCB in these challenging patients.
On the rate of aneuploidy reversion in a wild yeast model
Authors: Hose James , Zheng Qi , Sharp Nathaniel P , Gasch Audrey P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aneuploidy, arising from the gain or loss of chromosomes due to nondisjunction, is a special class of mutation. It can create significant phenotypic changes by altering the abundance of hundreds of genes in a single event, providing material for adaptive evolution. But it can also incur large fitness costs relative to other types of mutations. Understanding the mutational dynamics of aneuploidy is important for modeling its impact in nature, but aneuploidy rates are difficult to measure accurately. One challenge is that aneuploid karyotypes may revert back to euploidy, biasing forward mutation rate estimates—yet the rate of aneuploidy reversion is largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, current rate estimates are confounded because fitness differences between euploids and aneuploids are typically not accounted for in rate calculations. We developed a unique fluctuation assay in a wild-yeast model to measure the rate of extra-chromosome loss across 3 aneuploid chromosomes while accounting for fitness differences between aneuploid and euploid cells. We show that incorporating fitness effects is essential to obtain accurate estimates of aneuploidy rates. Furthermore, the rate of extra-chromosome loss, separate from karyotype fitness differences, varies across chromosomes. We also measured rates in a strain lacking RNA-binding protein Ssd1, important for aneuploidy tolerance and implicated in chromosome segregation. We found no role for Ssd1 in the loss of native aneuploid chromosomes, although it did impact an engineered chromosome XV with a perturbed centromeric sequence. We discuss the impacts and challenges of modeling aneuploidy dynamics in real-world situations.
Life Course Associations of Sibling Relationships and Cognitive Functioning in Late Adulthood
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Moorman Sara M , Lee Gina , Engelman Michal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Relying on the linked lives concept within the life course perspective, the current study examined the lifelong associations of sibling relationships and their effects on cognitive functioning in late adulthood.

Methods
Using data from the sibling cohort of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we estimated a mediational model, examining the effects of childhood sibling interactions and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as proxy measures for the parent–child relationship, on cognitive functioning in late adulthood through adult sibling closeness and contact. Respondents’ cognitive functioning was assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) when they were in their early 80s, on average. We conducted multilevel structural equation modeling.

Results
Positive childhood sibling interactions (e.g., hugging, helping) were associated with increased adult sibling closeness and contact, whereas higher cumulative ACEs were associated with decreased adult sibling closeness and contact. We found significant indirect associations: (a) positive sibling interactions during childhood were associated with more frequent sibling contact across respondents’ mid-50s through early 70s, which was in turn associated with higher TICS-m scores in their early 80s; (b) higher cumulative ACEs were associated with less frequent sibling contact, which was in turn associated with lower TICS-m scores.

Discussion
The results suggest that childhood experiences within the family of origin may have lasting effects on adult sibling relationships and the cognitive functioning of older adults. This study highlights the potential cognitive benefits of frequent contact with adult siblings, underscoring the importance of nurturing sibling relationships throughout one’s life.
iMFP-LG: Identification of Novel Multi-Functional Peptides by Using Protein Language Models and Graph-Based Deep Learning
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Zhao Kejuan , Chen Junjie , Yang Caihua , Qu Fuchuan , Liu Yumeng , Jin Xiaopeng , Yan Ke , Zhang Yang , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Functional peptides are short amino acid fragments that have a wide range of beneficial functions for living organisms. The majority of previous research focused on mono-functional peptides, but a growing number of multi-functional peptides have been discovered. Although there have been enormous experimental efforts to assay multi-functional peptides, only a small fraction of millions of known peptides have been explored. Effective and precise techniques for identifying multi-functional peptides can facilitate their discovery and mechanistic understanding. In this article, we presented a method iMFP-LG for identifying multi-functional peptides based on protein language models (pLMs) and graph attention networks (GATs). Comparison results showed that iMFP-LG outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both multi-functional bioactive peptides and multi-functional therapeutic peptides datasets. The interpretability of iMFP-LG was also illustrated by visualizing attention patterns in pLMs and GATs. Regarding the outstanding performance of iMFP-LG on the identification of multi-functional peptides, we employed iMFP-LG to screen novel candidate peptides with both ACP and AMP functions from millions of known peptides in the UniRef90. As a result, 8 candidate peptides were identified, and 1 candidate that exhibits both antibacterial and anticancer effects was confirmed through molecular structure alignment and biological experiments. We anticipate that iMFP-LG can assist in the discovery of multi-functional peptides and contribute to the advancement of peptide drug design.
Secession or Sense of Belonging? Marginalization in the Context of Transnationality
Authors: Idler Annette , McGill Dáire 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How does a state’s marginalization of borderland communities influence their sense of belonging? We argue that, in unstable regions in the Global South, such marginalization reinforces people’s sense of belonging to a transnational community. As we demonstrate, two causal mechanisms account for this process: the marginalization enhances (i) the border’s “disguising” quality that muddies diverse forms of insecurity and (ii) the border’s “facilitating” quality that permits certain actors and activities to cross borders while stopping others. Consolidation of people’s sense of belonging to a transnational community has implications for the state, as losing part of its citizenry to this transnational community undermines its own authority and the state–society relationship. Drawing on the case of the Colombian–Venezuelan borderlands, we substantiate our argument through evidence collected during in-depth fieldwork, including interviews and focus groups with peasants and other residents from remote borderland regions as well as with state and civil society stakeholders. We contribute to scholarship on identity and sense of belonging by theorizing its link to marginalization in the context of international borders. We further contribute empirically by documenting little-known cross-border practices and activities of residents of the shared border region of the Colombian department of Cesar and the Venezuelan state of Zulia.
Anopheles inthanonensis, formal name for An. baileyi species D of the Baileyi Complex (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) in Thailand
Authors: Phanitchakun Thanari , Wilai Parinya , Saingamsook Jassada , Harbach Ralph E , Somboon Pradya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anopheles baileyi species D of the Baileyi Complex, subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand is diagnosed and formally named An. inthanonensis Somboon & Harbach, n. sp. Morphological characters of the adults, and the pupal and larval stages with their chaetotaxy, are provided and compared with other species of the complex. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed that An. inthanonensis appears to be more closely related to An. monticola in Bhutan and China than it is to other members of the Baileyi Complex.
Big Ideas That Percolate into Clinical Ethics
Authors: Parker J Clint 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Philosophers throughout history have long been drawn to big, important ideas that bubble up to the surface in interesting ways in myriads of disparate contexts. Following this tradition, authors in this issue engage with big ideas that percolate into clinical ethics, such as hope in healthcare, empathy in genetic counseling, the ramifications of Western cultural assumptions in clinical ethics, the proper aims of palliative hospice and palliative medicine, and the proper role of the public in pharmacovigilance.
Cancer clinical trial participation: a qualitative study of Black/African American communities’ and patient/survivors’ recommendations
Authors: Kaljee Linda , Antwi Sylvester , Dankerlui Doreen , Harris Donna , Israel Barbara , White-Perkins Denise , Ofori Aboah Valerie , Aduse-Poku Livingstone , Larrious-Lartey Harriet , Brush Barbara , Coombe Chris , Patman La’Toshia , Cawthorne Nayomi , Chue Sophia , Rowe Zachary , Mills Cassandra , Fernando Kurt , Daniels Gwendolyn , Walker Eleanor M , Jiagge Evelyn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Black/African Americans experience disproportionate cancer burden and mortality rates. Racial and ethnic variation in cancer burden reflects systemic and health-care inequities, cancer risk factors, and heredity and genomic diversity. Multiple systemic, sociocultural, economic, and individual factors also contribute to disproportionately low Black/African American participation in cancer clinical trials.

Methods
The Participatory Action for Access to Clinical Trials project used a community-based participatory research approach inclusive of Black/African American community-based organizations, Henry Ford Health, and the University of Michigan Urban Research Center. The project aims were to understand Black/African Americans’ behavioral intentions to participate in cancer clinical trials and to obtain recommendations for improving participation. Audio-recorded focus group data were transcribed and coded, and searches were conducted to identify themes and subthemes. Representative text was extracted from the transcripts.

Results
Six community focus group discussions (70 participants) and 6 Henry Ford Health patient/survivor focus group discussions (29 participants) were completed. General themes related to trial participation were identified, including (1) systemic issues related to racism, health disparities, and trust in government, health systems, and clinical research; (2) firsthand experiences with health care and health systems; (3) perceived and experienced advantages and disadvantages of clinical trial participation; and (4) recruitment procedures and personal decision-making processes. Specific recommendations on how to address barriers were obtained.

Conclusions
Community-based participatory research is effective in bringing communities equitably to the table. To build trust, health systems must provide opportunities for patients and communities to jointly identify factors affecting cancer clinical trial participation, implement recommendations, and address health disparities.
Staggered Difference-in-Differences Estimation for Antitrust Analysis: A Review of Literature and Recommendations for Practitioners
Authors: Faghani Hassan , VanOmmeren Steven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold: first, we discuss literature developments surrounding difference-in-differences (DiD) methods with staggered treatment mechanisms. Second, we provide a resource for sound DiD analysis in antitrust expert testimony in light of these developments. We review relevant papers and their most important conclusions. We then discuss the antitrust implications of three important topics: parallel trends, the not-yet-treated group, and data with customer entry and exit. We supplement this discussion with Monte Carlo analysis, in which we compare the performance of DiD estimators and quantify certain types of bias. Finally, we discuss the sensitivity and robustness checks that should underlay expert testimony going forward. DiD theory has come a long way in the academic literature since the 2010s, and we distill that knowledge into what we consider to be the standards for robust DiD results going forward.
The hydrodynamic analysis of the fully appended DARPA SUBOFF model in the SPMM tests integrating the LES model with the dynamic mesh method
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsien , Lee Meng-Chun , Hasan Ahmad Darori 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To investigate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the fully appended DARPA SUBOFF model under various motion modes, this study develops user-defined functions within a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate sting-supported planar motion mechanism tests. A dimensionless yawing velocity (r′) is proposed to evaluate the influence of motion periods and amplitudes on the hydrodynamic coefficients. Taking advantage of high-resolution turbulence simulation, reduced model dependency and applicability to complex geometries, this study integrates large eddy simulation and the dynamic mesh method to simulate each motion mode. Discrepancies between simulation results and experimental data for some velocity-dependent force derivatives in oblique towing tests may be linked to the rotational centers of the planar motion mechanism (PMM) supports. Variations in PMM devices affect some acceleration-dependent moment derivatives in pure sway and heave tests. Finally, turning circle maneuvers were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the simulated hydrodynamic coefficients.
Mature cystic teratoma mimicking a tailgut cyst in an adolescent female: a case report
Authors: Abatli Safaa , AlHabil Yazan , Hamad Mohammed Shawkat , Abulibdeh Yousef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Presacral tumors are uncommon, particularly in the pediatric population, and can arise from various germ cell types during embryologic development. Tailgut cysts, or retrorectal cystic hamartomas, represent rare congenital anomalies resulting from defective regression of hindgut remnants. We present a unique case of a 13-year-old female with pelvic symptoms, initially suspected to have a tailgut cyst based on imaging findings. However, surgical exploration revealed a mature cystic teratoma, a rare occurrence in this age group. Surgical excision was performed using an anterior approach, revealing adhesions and necessitating meticulous dissection for complete removal. Histopathological examination of the mass unexpectedly confirmed a mature cystic teratoma, characterized by a fibrovascular cyst wall containing smooth muscle and lobules resembling salivary acini, the cyst’s surface exhibited squamous and respiratory-type epithelium. The accurate diagnosis of presacral masses, rather than relying solely on diagnostic measures, underscores the importance of prioritizing surgical exploration for definitive assessment and management.
Spontaneous sigmoid perforation and subsequent ruptured hepatic aneurysms in suspected vascular type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Oh SaeRam , Hudnall Aaron D , Fitzgerald Caitlin A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an inherited disorder of collagen creation and function which can affect many organs. Surgical management of EDS spectrum remains a significant challenge for surgeons, including the vascular type of EDS (vEDS). There do not exist specific guidelines for the management of vEDS, which proves difficulty given the devastating pathology and potential outcomes. This case report emphasizes the need for further research in many areas including the need for certain screenings to identify any vascular aneurysms or dissections prior to rupture, as well as asking should there be a screen for this gene mutation in COL3A1 included at birth. Our case report is one of few reports that link the spontaneous colonic rupture that may trigger the subsequent vascular catastrophe leading to devastating mortality.
A rare account of incidentally discovered anal melanoma
Authors: Khan Nawal , Irving Dondre , O’Connor Lynn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy that carries a poor prognosis. Due to its variable and ambiguous presentation, it is often misdiagnosed as a hemorrhoid, polyp, or an ulcer with a concomitant rectal prolapse. Clinicians usually have a low suspicion of anal melanoma due to its rarity and most people present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of a patient incidentally found to have anal melanoma. Prompt surgical resection with wide local excision versus abdominoperineal resection remains the mainstay of treatment as the added benefit of adjuvant chemoradiation or immunotherapy has been controversial.