bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response gene Clpp is required to maintain ovarian follicular reserve during aging, for oocyte competence, and development of pre‐implantation embryos
Authors: Wang Tianren , Babayev Elnur , Jiang Zongliang , Li Guangxin , Zhang Man , Esencan Ecem , Horvath Tamas , Seli Emre 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCaseinolytic peptidase P mediates degradation of unfolded mitochondrial proteins and activates mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) to maintain protein homeostasis. Clpp−/− female mice generate a lower number of mature oocytes and two‐cell embryos, and no blastocysts. Clpp−/− oocytes have smaller mitochondria, with lower aspect ratio (length/width), and decreased expression of genes that promote fusion. A 4‐fold increase in atretic follicles at 3 months, and reduced number of primordial follicles at 6–12 months are observed in Clpp−/− ovaries. This is associated with upregulation of p‐S6, p‐S6K, p‐4EBP1 and p‐AKT473, p‐mTOR2481 consistent with mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, respectively, and Clpp−/− oocyte competence is partially rescued by mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Our findings demonstrate that CLPP is required for oocyte and embryo development and oocyte mitochondrial function and dynamics. Absence of CLPP results in mTOR pathway activation, and accelerated depletion of ovarian follicular reserve.
Strategic national approach for improving the conservation management of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia
Authors: Taylor Gary S , Braby Michael F , Moir Melinda L , Harvey Mark S , Sands Don P A , New Tim R , Kitching Roger L , McQuillan Peter B , Hogendoorn Katja , Glatz Richard V , Andren Mick , Cook James M , Henry Shasta C , Valenzuela Isabel , Weinstein Phil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite progress in recent decades, the conservation management of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia is challenging and remains a formidable task against a background of poor taxonomic and biological knowledge, limited resources (funds and scientific expertise) and a relatively low level of community engagement, education and awareness. In this review, we propose a new, strategic national approach for the conservation of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia to complement and build on existing actions and increase awareness with the general public and government. A review of all species listed under relevant State and Territory Acts, national legislation (EPBC Act) and on international lists (IUCN Red List) indicated that of the 285 species currently listed under these conservation schedules, 10 (3%) are considered extinct, 204 (72%) threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) and 71 (25%) are classified as other (Threatened, Near Threatened, Rare or Least Concern). Comparison of the geographic ranges of listed species in relation to bioregions (IBRA regions) shows a striking discordance in spatial representation across the Australian landscape, reflecting an ad hoc approach to threatened species conservation and the concentration of invertebrate biologists in urban centres of temperate coastal Australia. There is a positive relationship between the number of threatened species and extent of protection according to the National Reserve System within each IBRA region, exemplifying the anomaly in spatial representativeness of listed species. To overcome these shortfalls, we propose a novel educational, regional approach based on selecting, for each of the 89 IBRA regions, a relatively small set of ‘flagship taxa’ (threatened species and/or ‘iconic’ species of high scientific/social value), which are then promoted and/or nominated for listing by the scientific community. Such species could be adopted by local community groups whereby a community‐based regional approach would ensure spatial representativeness of insect conservation across the entire Australian continent. This novel approach may ultimately provide a better strategy for the conservation management of habitats and threatened ecological communities, reducing extinction risk of threatened species and addressing key threatening processes. Members of the Australian entomological community are strongly encouraged to nominate candidate taxa as flagship species for wider promotion and/or listing nationally under the EPBC Act.
Four Stories, a Lament, and an Affirmation
Authors: Waterston Alisse 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe following is the text of the presidential address presented on December 2, 2017, at the 116th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Washington, DC. I took the opportunity of this talk to reflect on this moment of being in anthropology. No doubt these are dark times, which prompts my questions: “What of us, as anthropologists, in these times? How will we pass the time that is given us?” Referring back to and in dialogue with Hannah Arendt and Bertolt Brecht, I consider some meanings of being introspective, of thinking in dark times, of the trivial, and of envisioning an alternative world, as these relate to anthropology. Comprising the four stories of the title, this reflection embraces deep feelings and the great promise of the discipline. [radical evil, dark anthropology, resistance, introspection, thinking, anthropological knowledge, Arendt, Brecht]
Editorial: de novo inflammatory bowel disease following bariatric surgery—potential implications for research and clinical practice
Authors: Alukaidey S. , Heerasing N. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ungaro et al and Ungaro and Colombel papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14569 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14667.
Editorial: von Willebrand factor and CRP levels may predict survival in liver cirrhosis—Authors’ reply
Authors: Mandorfer M. , Reiberger T. , Ferlitsch A. ,   the Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mandorfer et al and Merli and Di Gregorio papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14587.
Letter: tacrolimus may be hazardous in decompensated autoimmune liver disease with hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Shen Y. , Fan X. , Yang X. , Yang L. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liberal et al and de Boer et al papers. To view thse articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13907 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14651.
Editorial: gastrointestinal safety of COX‐2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs—the impact of the PRECISION trial
Authors: Laine L. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Yeomans et al and Yeomans and Graham papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14610 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14656.
Letter: tacrolimus may be hazardous in decompensated autoimmune liver disease with hyperbilirubinemia—authors’ reply
Authors: de Boer Y. S. , Liberal R. , Heneghan M. A. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liberal et al and Shen et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13907 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14630.
Editorial: gastrointestinal safety of COX‐2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs—the impact of the PRECISION trial. Authors’ reply
Authors: Yeomans N. D. , Graham D. Y. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Yeomans et al and Laine papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14610 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14642.
Editorial: an expert consensus for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans—Authors’ reply
Authors: Tong M. J. , Pan C. Q. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Tong et al and Ebel and Rosenthal papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14577 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14620.
Editorial: platelet transfusions in cirrhosis—do the risks outweigh the unclear benefits? Authors’ reply
Authors: Støy S. , Shawcross D. L. 
Published: May 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Støy et al and Patel and Muir papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14600 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14654.
Serological markers of extracellular matrix remodeling predict transplant‐free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Nielsen M. J. , Thorburn D. , Leeming D. J. , Hov J. R. , Nygård S. , Moum B. , Saffioti F. , Gilja O. H. , Boberg K. M. , Mazza G. , Røsjø H. , Pinzani M. , Karlsen T. H. , Karsdal M. A. , Vesterhus M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive liver disease with a remarkably variable course. Biomarkers of disease activity or prognostic models predicting outcome at an individual level are currently not established.AimTo evaluate the prognostic utility of four biomarkers of basement membrane and interstitial extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.MethodsSerum samples were available from 138 large‐duct primary sclerosing cholangitis patients (of which 102 [74%] with IBD) recruited 2008‐2012 and 52 ulcerative colitis patients (controls). The median follow‐up time was 2.2 (range 0‐4.3) years. Specific biomarkers of type III and V collagen formation (PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C5, respectively) and type III and IV collagen degradation (C3M and C4M, respectively) were assessed. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, including procollagen type III N‐terminal peptide, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and hyaluronic acid was assessed for comparison.ResultsAll markers were elevated in primary sclerosing cholangitis compared to ulcerative colitis patients (P < 0.001). PRO‐C3 showed the largest difference between the two groups with a threefold increase in primary sclerosing cholangitis compared to ulcerative colitis patients. Patients with high baseline serum levels of all markers, except C3M, had shorter survival compared to patients with low baseline serum levels (P < 0.001). Combining PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C5 the odds ratio for predicting transplant‐free survival was 47 compared to the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test's odds ratio of 11.ConclusionsExtracellular matrix remodeling is elevated in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients compared to ulcerative colitis patients. Furthermore, the interstitial matrix marker PRO‐C3 was identified as a potent prognostic marker and an independent predictor of transplant‐free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Effects of tributyrin supplementation on ruminal microbial protein yield, fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability in adult Small Tail ewes
Authors: Ren Qing‐Chang , Xuan Jing‐Jing , Wang Li‐Ke , Zhan Qiu‐Wen , Yin Ding‐Zhong , Hu Zhong‐Ze , Yang Hong‐Jian , Zhang Wei , Jiang Lin‐Shu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo trials were conducted to assess the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on ruminal microbial protein yield and fermentation characteristics in adult sheep. In an in vitro trial, substrate was made to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis and incubated for 48 hr. In an in vivo trial, 45 adult ewes were randomly assigned by initial body weight (55 ± 5 kg) to five treatments of nine animals over an 18‐day period. Total mixed ration was made to offer TB to ewes at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg on a DM basis. The in vitro trial showed that TB enhanced apparent degradation of DM (p = .009), crude protein (p < .001), neutral detergent fiber (p = .007) and acid detergent fiber (p = .010) and increased methanogenesis (p < .001), respectively. The in vivo trial showed that TB decreased DM intake (p < .001) and enhanced rumen microbial N synthesis (p < .001), respectively. Both in vitro and in vivo trials showed that TB increased total volatile fatty acid concentration and enhanced fibrolytic enzyme activity. The results indicated that TB might exert positive effects on microbial protein yield and fermentation in the rumen.
First detection of bovine noroviruses and detection of bovine coronavirus in Australian dairy cattle
Authors: Symes SJ , Allen JL , Mansell PD , Woodward KL , Bailey KE , Gilkerson JR , Browning GF 
Published: May 2018

Background and objectiveNoroviruses have been recognised as a significant cause of neonatal enteritis in calves in many countries, but there has been no investigation of their occurrence in Australian cattle. This study aimed to establish whether bovine noroviruses could be detected in faecal samples from Australian dairy cattle. It also sought to determine whether bovine coronaviruses, also associated with neonatal enteritis in calves, could be detected in the same faecal samples.MethodsA selection of faecal samples that were negative for rotaviruses from dairy farms located in three geographically distinct regions of Victoria were pooled and tested by reverse transcription‐PCR for the presence of noroviruses (genogroup III), neboviruses and bovine coronaviruses.Results and conclusionGenetically distinct genogroup III noroviruses were detected in two sample pools from different geographic regions and bovine coronavirus was detected in a third pool of samples. This is the first report of bovine norovirus infection in Australian cattle and suggests that future work is required to determine the significance of these agents as a cause of bovine enteric disease in Australia.
Sudden death of a crossbred calf associated with a myocardial adenomatoid tumour
Authors: Slocombe RF 
Published: May 2018

The only lesion found in a crossbred calf that died suddenly was a rare tumour in the myocardium of the left ventricle. The mass appeared similar to tumours discovered incidentally in the hearts of abattoir specimens in Italy, described as adenomatoid tumours. These are bimorphic tumours presumed to have a mesothelial origin.Although in a published study from Italy these tumours were considered incidental and clinically unimportant, I suggest that in this case the mass may have interfered with cardiac conduction, causing sudden death of the calf.
Cognition, emotion, and arithmetic in primary school: A cross‐cultural investigation
Authors: Rodic Maja , Cui Jiaxin , Malykh Sergey , Zhou Xinlin , Gynku Elena I. , Bogdanova Elena L. , Zueva Dina Y. , Y. Bogdanova Olga , Kovas Yulia 
Published: May 2018

The study investigated cross‐cultural differences in variability and average performance in arithmetic, mathematical reasoning, symbolic and non‐symbolic magnitude processing, intelligence, spatial ability, and mathematical anxiety in 890 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from the United Kingdom, Russia, and China. Cross‐cultural differences explained 28% of the variance in arithmetic and 17.3% of the variance in mathematical reasoning, with Chinese children outperforming the other two groups. No cross‐cultural differences were observed for spatial ability and mathematical anxiety. In all samples, symbolic magnitude processing and mathematical reasoning were independently related to early arithmetic. Other factors, such as non‐symbolic magnitude processing, mental rotation, intelligence, and mathematical anxiety, produced differential patterns across the populations. The results are discussed in relation to potential influences of parental practice, school readiness, and linguistic factors on individual differences in early mathematics.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Cross‐cultural differences in mathematical ability are present in preschool children.

Similar mechanisms of mathematical development operate in preschool children from the United Kingdom, Russia, and China.

Tasks that require understanding of numbers are best predictors of arithmetic in preschool children.

What does this study add?

Cross‐cultural differences in mathematical ability become greater with age/years of formal education.

Similar mechanisms of mathematical development operate in early primary school children from the United Kingdom, Russia, and China.

Symbolic number magnitude and mathematical reasoning are the main predictors of arithmetic in all three populations.
Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community
Authors: de Camargo Maria Gabriela Gutierrez , de Carvalho Gustavo Henrique , Alberton Bruna de Costa , Reys Paula , Morellato Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe deciduousness of tropical trees and communities depend on ecosystems characteristics such as plant species diversity, and strength of the dry season. Based on seven years of phenological observations, we provide the first long‐term description of leafing patterns of a woody cerrado community, aiming to investigate (1) the leaf exchange strategies considering the interannual variation in the degree of deciduousness of individuals and species and quantify the community deciduousness; (2) the relationship between interannual patterns of leaf fall and leaf flush according to the species’ leaf exchange strategies and climate; (3) the onset of cerrado growing season and its relation to climate seasonality. To detect seasonality and leafing onset we applied circular statistics and to understand the relationships between environmental predictors and leaf exchange strategies, we used generalized additive models. From 106 species observed, we classified 69 as deciduous (26 species), semi‐deciduous (25) or evergreen (18) and defined the studied cerrado as a semi‐deciduous vegetation. Leaf phenology was markedly seasonal and similar among years. Leaf fall peaked in the dry season, and leaf flush in the dry‐to‐wet transition. Leaf fall patterns related to temperature and leaf flush to day length and rainfall. Semi‐deciduous and deciduous species were more constrained by climate than the evergreen ones. The cerrado growing season started in the dry‐to‐wet season transition. Interannual variations in rainfall and temperature affected the individuals’ and, consequently, species’ degree of deciduousness, highlighting individual and species variability, and suggesting that cerrado leafing patterns are likely susceptible to future climate change scenarios.
Rethinking tropical phenology: insights from long‐term monitoring and novel analytical methods
Authors: Morellato Leonor Patricia Cerdeira , Abernethy Katharine , Mendoza Irene 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we introduce the Special Section (SS) on long‐term monitoring and new analytical methods in tropical phenology. The SS puts together nine original papers plus a synthesis, bringing significant advances and new insights into our understanding of tropical phenology across Africa and tropical America. The papers address environmental cues, methodological shortcomings, and provide innovative analytical approaches, opening new pathways, perspective and applications of tropical phenology for forest management and environmental monitoring. The SS is a substantial step toward a more comprehensive overview of trends in tropical phenology, as seven of nine studies evaluate >10‐yr data sets applying new methods of analysis such as hierarchical Bayesian models, generalized additive models, and Fourier analysis. We argue that it is essential to maintain ongoing monitoring programs and build a tropical phenology network at least for long‐term (>10 yr) study sites, providing the means for national and international financial support. Cross‐continental comparisons are now a primary goal, as we work toward a global vision of trends and shifts in tropical phenology in the Anthropocene.
Fruiting phenology is linked to rainfall variability in a tropical rain forest
Authors: Dunham Amy E. , Razafindratsima Onja H. , Rakotonirina Paul , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs the influence of climate change on tropical forests becomes apparent, more studies are needed to understand how changes in climatic variables such as rainfall are likely to affect tree phenology. Using a twelve‐year dataset (2005–2016), we studied the impact of seasonal rainfall patterns on the fruiting phenology of 69 tree species in the rain forest of southeastern Madagascar. We found that average annual rainfall in this region has increased by >800 mm (23%) during this period relative to that recorded for the previous 40 years and was highly variable both within and between years. Higher monthly measures of fruiting richness and the intensity of fruiting in our sample community were associated with significantly higher levels of rainfall. We also found that less rainfall during the dry season, but not the wet season, was associated with a significant shift toward later timing of peak richness and peak intensity of fruiting in the subsequent 12 months; however, this pattern was driven primarily by an extreme drought event that occurred during the study period. Longer time scales of phenology data are needed to see whether this pattern is consistent. Madagascar is expected to experience more extremes in rainfall and drought with increasing climate change. Thus, the linkages between variable precipitation and the fruiting phenology of forest trees will have important consequences for understanding plant reproduction and the ability of Madagascar's wildlife to cope with a changing climate.
Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21‐year Danish population‐based study
Authors: Petersen Mads , Knudsen Nils , Carlé Allan , Andersen Stig , Jørgensen Torben , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Thuesen Betina Heinsbæk , Pedersen Inge Bülow 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveMonitoring the influence of cautious iodine fortification (IF) on the incidence rate of overt thyrotoxicosis in Denmark with formerly frequent multinodular toxic goitre.DesignA 21‐year (1997‐2017) prospective population‐based study identified all new cases of overt biochemical thyrotoxicosis in two open cohorts: a Western cohort with moderate iodine deficiency (ID) and an Eastern cohort with mild ID (total n = 533 969 by 1 January 1997). A diagnostic algorithm was applied to all thyroid function tests performed within the study areas. Mandatory IF of salt was initiated in mid‐2000 (13 ppm). This study is a part of DanThyr.ResultsThe standardized incidence rate (SIR) of thyrotoxicosis at baseline (1997‐1998) was 128.5/100.000/year in the cohort with moderate ID and 80.1 in the cohort with mild ID. SIR increased markedly in both cohorts during the initial years of IF (moderate/mild ID: +39/+52% in 2000‐2001/2004‐2005) and subsequently decreased to baseline level (mild ID) or below (moderate ID) by 2008. The decline was due to a marked decrease in the incidence rate among elderly subjects and a moderate decrease among the middle aged. The follow‐up period for the mildly iodine deficient cohort was restricted to 2008. A continuous decline in SIR was observed for the remainder of the study period in the area with moderate ID (33% below baseline in 2016‐2017).ConclusionThe rise in thyrotoxicosis incidence with cautious mandatory IF returned to baseline level after 7‐8 years and levelled out at 33% below baseline in the population with previously moderate ID after 16‐17 years.