bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular disease in dogs: association between neurological examination, MRI lesion localisation and outcome
Authors: Bongartz U. , Nessler J. , Maiolini A. , Stein V. M. , Tipold A. , Bathen‐Nöthen A. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether the neurological examination correctly distinguishes between central and peripheral vestibular lesions in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study on dogs with vestibular disease presenting to two referral clinics in Germany.ResultsNinety‐three dogs were included; neurological examination suggested central vestibular disease in 62 and a peripheral lesion in 31. MRI diagnosis was central vestibular disease in 68 dogs and peripheral in 25. Of the 62 dogs with a lesion localisation diagnosed as central vestibular by neurological exam, 61 were correctly identified (98.4%). Twenty‐four of the 31 dogs diagnosed with a peripheral lesion by neurological exam had a consistent lesion on MRI (77.4%).Clinical SignificanceThe neurological examination is efficient at identifying lesions in the central vestibular system but less so for peripheral lesions. Therefore it is prudent to recommend imaging in dogs that show signs of peripheral vestibular syndrome but do not rapidly respond to treatment.
Functional analyses of an axonemal inner‐arm dynein complex in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei uncover its essential role in cytokinesis initiation
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Hu Huiqing , Lun Zhao‐Rong , Li Ziyin 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe flagellated eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei alternates between the insect vector and the mammalian host and proliferates through an unusual mode of cell division. Cell division requires flagellum motility‐generated forces, but flagellum motility exerts distinct effects between different life cycle forms. Motility is required for the final cell abscission of the procyclic form in the insect vector, but is necessary for the initiation of cell division of the bloodstream form in the mammalian host. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we carried out functional analyses of a flagellar axonemal inner‐arm dynein complex in the bloodstream form and investigated its mechanistic role in cytokinesis initiation. We showed that the axonemal inner‐arm dynein heavy chain TbIAD5‐1 and TbCentrin3 form a complex, localize to the flagellum, and are required for viability in the bloodstream form. We further demonstrated the interdependence between TbIAD5‐1 and TbCentrin3 for maintenance of protein stability. Finally, we showed that depletion of TbIAD5‐1 and TbCentrin3 arrested cytokinesis initiation and disrupted the localization of multiple cytokinesis initiation regulators. These findings identified the essential role of an axonemal inner‐arm dynein complex in cell division, and provided molecular insights into the flagellum motility‐mediated cytokinesis initiation in the bloodstream form of T. brucei.
Interactive rhythms across species: the evolutionary biology of animal chorusing and turn‐taking
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , Verga Laura , Greenfield Michael D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of human language is progressively moving toward comparative and interactive frameworks, extending the concept of turn‐taking to animal communication. While such an endeavor will help us understand the interactive origins of language, any theoretical account for cross‐species turn‐taking should consider three key points. First, animal turn‐taking must incorporate biological studies on animal chorusing, namely how different species coordinate their signals over time. Second, while concepts employed in human communication and turn‐taking, such as intentionality, are still debated in animal behavior, lower level mechanisms with clear neurobiological bases can explain much of animal interactive behavior. Third, social behavior, interactivity, and cooperation can be orthogonal, and the alternation of animal signals need not be cooperative. Considering turn‐taking a subset of chorusing in the rhythmic dimension may avoid overinterpretation and enhance the comparability of future empirical work.
Trends in kidney transplant outcomes in children and young adults with cystinosis
Authors: Kizilbash Sarah J. , Snyder Jon , Vock David M. , Chavers Blanche M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTemporal changes in kidney transplant outcomes for cystinosis are unknown. We used the SRTR to identify all kidney transplants performed for cystinosis in patients younger than 31 years between 1987 and 2017. We divided time into three equal eras (1987‐1997, 1998‐2007, and 2008‐2017) to assess changes in outcomes using Cox proportional and linear regression models. We examined 441 transplants in 362 patients. Age at ESRD progressively increased (12.1 vs 13.3 vs 13.4; P = .046). Eras 2 and 3 had lower risk of acute rejection (aHR 2 vs 1:0.45; P < .001) (aHR 3 vs 1:0.26; P < .001) and higher 5‐year mean GFR (difference 2 vs 1:9.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .005) (difference 3 vs 1:12.9 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .002) compared with era 1. Five‐year graft survival was similar across eras, but 5‐year patient survival was higher for era 2 (aHR: 0.25; P = .01). Seventy‐nine patients underwent retransplantation. Five‐year patient (94.2% vs 92.5%; P = .57) and graft survival (79.1% vs 74.1%; P = .52) were similar between primary and subsequent transplants. Age at ESRD, acute rejection, GFR at 5 years, and patient survival improved over time. Kidney retransplantation is associated with excellent outcomes in children and young adults with cystinosis.
Use of oral immunoglobulins to treat diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients—Single‐center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Kizilbash Sarah J. , Sudel Boris , Anderson Jessica A. , Verghese Priya S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEffective treatment modalities for diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients are lacking. We evaluated the effect of oral IgG on clinical course of diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. We retrospectively studied all pediatric kidney transplant recipients who required hospitalization for diarrhea between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. We divided the recipients into two groups based on whether they had received oral IgG to treat diarrhea. Sixteen pediatric kidney transplant recipients required hospitalization for diarrhea over 3 years. Median age at admission was 9.25 years (IQR:12.54). Fifty‐six percent of recipients were male, and 81% were white. Four patients received oral IgG for prolonged diarrhea. Oral IgG recipients had longer diarrheal duration before admission (median (days) 14.5 vs1; P .02), a trend for greater weight loss at admission (median (kilogram) 1.4 vs 0.2; P .3), and a trend for higher acute kidney injury (>75% reduction in glomerular filtration rate: 100% vs 42%; P .36). Diarrhea resolved completely in 3 (75%) oral IgG recipients and 7 (58%) non‐oral IgG patients by discharge (P .99). One oral IgG recipient showed partial improvement but also had biopsy evidence of mycophenolate‐induced colitis. All patients tolerated oral IgG well. No patients required re‐hospitalization within 30 days of discharge. Oral IgG may be used safely and effectively to treat prolonged diarrhea in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. A larger, randomized, prospective study is needed to further assess the efficacy of oral IgG in the treatment of diarrhea.
In sickness and in health: Living HIV positive kidney donation from a wife to her husband, with 7 years' post‐transplant follow‐up
Authors: Grupper Ayelet , Goykhman Yaacov , Baruch Roni , Turner Dan , Elbirt Daniel , Okrent Smolar Lily , Katz Polina , Nachmany Ido , Lubezky Nir , Katchman Eugene 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was traditionally considered an absolute contraindication for kidney transplantation. After the introduction of ART, several studies have demonstrated comparable patient and graft outcomes between HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive kidney recipients. The US Congress passed the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act in 2013, which permits research in the area of HIV‐positive to HIV‐positive transplantation. HIV‐infected living donation is also permitted under the HOPE Act. However, there is a concern regarding the safety of kidney donation in an HIV‐infected person, given the risk of renal disease associated with HIV infection. We report here the case of successful kidney transplantation from HIV‐positive living donor to HIV‐positive recipient performed in our center on July 2012. To the best of our knowledge, this is the earliest case done in this medical context to be reported in the literature, therefore, potentially carrying several important messages to the transplantation community. In the present case, the living‐donor kidney transplant was performed between a married couple infected with same strain of HIV‐1, both on effective ART with efficiently suppressed viral replication and satisfactory pre‐transplantation immune status.
Recent gene duplications dominate evolutionary dynamics of adaptor protein complex subunits in embryophytes
Authors: Larson Raegan T. , Dacks Joel B. , Barlow Lael D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdaptor protein complexes and the related complexes COPI and TSET function in packaging vesicles for transport among endomembrane compartments in eukaryotic cells. Differences in the complement of these complexes in lineages such as yeast and mammals as well as apicomplexan and kinetoplastid parasites via loss or duplication of subunits appears to reflect specialization in their respective trafficking systems. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses multiple paralogues for adaptor protein complex subunits, raising questions as to the timing and extent of these duplications in embryophytes (land plants). However, adaptor protein complex evolution in embryophytes is unexplored. Therefore, we analyzed genomes of diverse embryophytes and closely related green algae using extensive homology searches and phylogenetic analysis of 35 complex subunit proteins. The results reveal numerous paralogues, the vast majority of which, approximately 97%, arose from recent duplication events. This suggests that specialization of these protein complexes may occur frequently but independently in embryophytes.
Lack of persistent microchimerism in contemporary transfused trauma patients
Authors: Jackman Rachael P. , Utter Garth H. , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Montalvo Lani , Wen Li , Chafets Dan , Rivers Ryan M. , Kopko Patricia M. , Norris Philip J. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFollowing transfusion, donor white blood cells (WBCs) can persist long‐term in the recipient, a phenomenon termed transfusion‐associated microchimerism (TA‐MC). Prior studies suggest TA‐MC is limited to transfusion following traumatic injury, and is not prevented by leukoreduction.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a prospective cohort study at a major trauma center to evaluate TA‐MC following injury. Index samples were collected upon arrival, prior to transfusion. Follow‐up samples were collected at intervals up to one year, and beyond for those testing positive for TA‐MC. TA‐MC was detected by real‐time quantitative allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction assays at the HLA‐DR locus and several polymorphic insertion deletion sites screening for non‐recipient alleles.RESULTSA total of 378 trauma patients were enrolled (324 transfused cases and 54 non‐transfused controls). Mean age was 42 ± 18 years, 74% were male, and 80% were injured by blunt mechanism. Mean Injury Severity Score was 20 ± 12. Among transfused patients, the median (interquartile range) number of red cell units transfused was 6 (3,12), and median time to first transfusion was 9 (0.8,45) hours. Only one case of long‐term TA‐MC was confirmed in our cohort. We detected short‐term TA‐MC in 6.5% of transfused subjects and 5.6% on non‐transfused controls.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to earlier studies, persistent TA‐MC was not observed in our cohort of trauma subjects. Short‐term TA‐MC was detected, but at a lower frequency than previously observed, and rates were not significantly different than what was observed in non‐transfused controls. The reduction in TA‐MC occurrence may be attributable to changes in leukoreduction or other blood processing methods.
The canine RAD51 mutation leads to the attenuation of interaction with PALB2
Authors: Uemura Mitsuki , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Morimatsu Masami , Michishita Masaki , Onozawa Eri , Azakami Daigo , Uno Yumiko , Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Sasaki Takanori , Watanabe Masami , Omi Toshinori 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRAD51 forms a complex with BRCA2 and plays a central role in the DNA damage response pathway that is associated with homologous recombination. The structures of RAD51 and its homologues are highly conserved from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Although a large number of BRCA2 mutations have been reported, there are only a few reports on the mutations of RAD51, which have been shown in humans and dogs. However, several mutations of canine RAD51 were identified from mammary gland tumour tissues in a recent study. Some of these mutations seem to have an influence on the homo‐oligomerization or interaction with “Partner and localizer of BRCA2” (PALB2). In this study, we cloned the canine PALB2 homologue and investigated the effect on its interaction with the RAD51 mutants to evaluate the alteration in the function of RAD51 mutants. The A209S and T225S mutants of RAD51 show an attenuation of the interaction between RAD51 and PALB2. These results indicate that the canine RAD51 mutations can potentially alter the homologous recombination pathways in response to DNA damage in dogs.
Impact of photographer experience and number of images on telecytology accuracy
Authors: Brooker Alyssa J. , Krimer Paula M. , Meichner Kristina , Garner Bridget C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating the potential impact of photographer experience or the number of images evaluated using the “store‐and‐forward” method of telecytology are not reported.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of static telecytology when images were taken by experienced and inexperienced cytologists and when the number of images taken varied. Clinical agreement between the diagnoses was compared.MethodsFifty archived cytology cases were randomly chosen. A board‐certified clinical pathologist and a recent veterinary graduate took five images of each case. A third pathologist made a preliminary diagnosis after reviewing two images, and a final diagnosis after reviewing all images. The gold standard for comparison was the glass slide cytologic diagnosis.ResultsSe and Sp were higher for the experienced cytologist and the evaluation of more images, but differences were not statistically significant. Clinical agreement between the image and glass slide diagnoses was significantly higher when images were taken by an experienced rather than inexperienced cytologist after the evaluation of two (P = .007) and five images (P = .008). The telecytology diagnoses agreed with the gold standard diagnoses more frequently after evaluation of five images rather than two when images were captured by both the experienced (P < .001) and inexperienced cytologist (P < .001).ConclusionsThere is more clinical agreement when the photographer has more cytology experience and when more images are provided for interpretation.
Additive Manufacture of Lung Equivalent Anthropomorphic Phantoms: A Method to Control Hounsfield Number Utilizing Partial Volume Effect
Authors: Leary Martin , Tino Rance , Keller Cameron , Franich Rick , Yeo Adam , Lonski Peta , Kyriakou Elizabeth , Kron Tomas , Brandt Milan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Anthropomorphic radiotherapy phantoms require tissue-equivalent materials to achieve Hounsfield units (HU) that are comparable to those of human tissue. Traditional manufacturing methods are limited by their high-cost and incompatibility with patient-specific customization. Additive manufacture (AM) provides a significant opportunity to enable manufacture of patient-specific geometries at relatively low cost. However, AM technologies are currently limited in terms of available material types, and consequently enable very little variation in achievable HU when standard manufacturing parameters are used. This work demonstrates a novel method whereby the partial volume effect (PVE) is utilized to control the HU of an AM material, in particular, enabling low HU in the range typical of lung tissue. The method enables repeatable design of lung HU and is compatible with commercial machines using standard print parameters. A custom algorithm demonstrates the clinical application of the method, whereby patient-specific computed tomography (CT) data are algorithmically calibrated according to AM print parameters and confirmed to be robust as a custom anthropomorphic radiotherapy phantoms.
Nanofibrillar Cellulose as an Enzymatically and Flow Driven Degradable Scaffold for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering
Authors: Krüger Melanie , Spee Bart , Walther Andreas , De Laporte Laura , Kock Linda M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nanofibrillar cellulose as a naturally biocompatible scaffold material is very promising for tissue engineering. It is shear thinning but has the downside of not being degradable in animals, it can only be degraded by cellulase enzymes. In this study, a newly developed bioreactor was used to culture fibroblast spheroids under flow conditions inside nanocellulose hydrogels with and without the presence of cellulase. The aim was to control the tissue size and ideally find a match between degradation and tissue formation within this promising material. Both the concentration of cellulase and the flow rate were varied and their influence on the activity and growth of fibroblast clusters was assessed. Cluster diameters, degradation, metabolic activity, and tissue production increase with higher cellulase concentration, although concentrations above 1 g/l does not have an additional benefit. Flow leads to more viable cells, more proliferation and migration, leading to overall larger tissue constructs compared to static conditions. This is most likely due to the shear thinning effect of flow on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in addition to the increased nutrient supply through perfusion. At a constant cellulase concentration of 1 g/l, a flow of 2 ml/min proved to be optimal for tissue production. Therefore, degradation in combination with flow leads to more effective tissue production in CNF hydrogels, which is a very potent scaffold material for tissue engineering.
Design of an In Vitro Mock Circulatory Loop to Reproduce Patient-Specific Vascular Conditions: Toward Precision Medicine
Authors: Franzetti Gaia , Díaz-Zuccarini Vanessa , Balabani Stavroula 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Patient-specific hemodynamic studies have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their potential to improve diagnosis and optimize clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Personalized computational models have been extensively investigated as a tool to improve clinical outcomes and are often validated against in vitro experimental data. Replicating patient-specific conditions in vitro is thus becoming increasingly important in cardiovascular research; experimental platforms can not only allow validation of in silico approaches but can also enable physical testing of various intervention scenarios and medical devices. Current experimental approaches suffer from shortcomings regarding personalization and biomimicry. To address some of these limitations, we have designed and developed a novel in vitro platform for the study of complex patient-specific vascular pathologies. This is achieved by using novel tunable three-element Windkessel vasculature simulators and a computer controlled pulsatile pump, coupled with mathematical models and computer routines to calibrate the parameters according to the available clinical datasets. In particular, the vessel inlet flow rate waveform and the afterload resistances and compliances are tuned in order to obtain target systolic and diastolic pressures, and cardiac output (CO) distribution. Pulse frequency (40–70 bpm), CO (2–5 l/min), resistance (0.03–10.6 mmHg s/ml), and compliance (0.07–1 ml/mmHg) values have been tested and the overall reliability of the platform components as well as its computer routines to reproduce controlled physiological conditions demonstrated.
Multiple Combustion Stages Inside a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Dumitrescu Cosmin Emil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Converting existing diesel engines to natural-gas (NG) spark-ignition (SI) operation can reduce the dependence on oil imports and increase energy security. NG-dedicated conversion can be achieved by the addition of a gas injector in the intake manifold and of a spark plug in place of the diesel injector. Previous studies indicated that lean-burn NG inside the traditional diesel chamber (i.e., a bowl-in-piston geometry) is a two-stage combustion (i.e., a fast burn inside the bowl followed by a slower burn inside the squish). However, a triple-peak apparent heat release rate (AHRR) was seen at specific operating conditions (e.g., advanced spark timing (ST) at medium load and engine speed), suggesting that one of the two combustion stages may separate again. Specifically, the burn inside the squish region divided in two events before and after top dead center (TDC). This was due to the different flow motion inside the squish during the compression stroke compared to the one in the expansion stroke, which affected the combustion environments. The result was the apparition of two close peaks in pressure trace, which suggest larger gradients in pressure and temperature than at a more delayed ST. In addition, the phasing and magnitude of three peaks of the heat release changed cycle-to-cycle. As an advanced ST is the usual strategy used in lean-burn SI combustion, understanding phenomena such as the one presented here can be important for reducing engine-out emissions and increase engine efficiency.
Radiation Model of Horizontal Jet Flame Governed by Buoyancy and Momentum
Authors: Changchun Liu , Tiandiao Deng , Shasha Zhou , Xinlei Liu , Jun Deng , Zhenmin Luo , Li Ma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBuoyancy causes a horizontal jet flame to bend upward when it loses sufficient initial momentum. Therefore, the variation in flame trajectory must be considered to accurately predict the thermal radiant flux of a horizontal jet flame governed by buoyancy and momentum. We introduce the flame trajectory equation into the linear source equation of radiation to establish a new model. The flame length ratio is calculated by flame trajectory length, horizontal projected flame length, and vertical projected flame height in the new model. This paper also presents a formula for flame lift-off distance and flame radiant fraction. We further list the geometric parameters of the horizontal-kite shape, tile-kite shape, and flame trajectory models. Comparing the experimental data and model predictions shows that the flame trajectory model is more accurate than the horizontal-kite and tile-kite models, especially when the Froude number is low. We also study the effects of flame lift-off distance and flame length ratio on predictive accuracy. The flame trajectory model computes quickly, and a normal laptop computer needs only 1.08 s to get a picture with 24,000 data points.