bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Atom Catalysts on Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Rivera‐Cárcamo Camila , Serp Philippe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetal particle size is an important parameter to consider when looking at supported catalyst performances. As for other properties, surface reactivity of metallic nanoparticles is thus highly size‐dependent. The smallest size that can be reached for this type of object is of course the isolated atom deposited on a support. The preparation of single‐atom catalysts (SAC) is not trivial, since to avoid clustering, the mean adsorption energy of the metal on the support should be higher than its cohesive energy. The choice of a support that allows a strongly interacting environment with the metal is therefore a key step in the preparation of such catalysts. The spectrum of carbon (nano)materials is very broad, and their structure as well as their surface chemistry, although sometime complex, can be tuned and exploited for the stabilization of SAC. This Review summarizes in a comprehensive manner experimental and computational studies aiming at: i) preparing SAC on carbon materials, ii) understanding the metal‐support interactions in SAC, and iii) studying how this relates to catalytic performances. The use of SAC follows well the needs dictated by society (energy and environment issues), and many studies have already been published in various fields, such as thermal catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
Photodamaging of Mitochondrial DNA to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance by a RuII–PtII Bimetallic Complex
Authors: Zheng Yue , Zhang Dong‐Yang , Zhang Hang , Cao Jian‐Jun , Tan Cai‐Ping , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEmerging studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an attractive target for anticancer therapeutics. Herein, a heterobimetallic complex [Ru(dip)2(μ‐bpm)PtCl2]Cl2 (RuPt; dip=4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline; bpm=2,2′‐bipyrimidine) and the corresponding mononuclear complex [Ru(dip)2(bpm)]Cl2 (Ru) have been designed and synthesized. RuPt can bind to mtDNA and damage it both in the dark and upon visible light irradiation. By using a variety of methods, it was demonstrated that RuPt can interfere with the function of mtDNA by decreasing the amplification and copy number of mtDNA, and affecting the transcriptional level of mitochondria‐encoded genes. Furthermore, RuPt can disturb the physiological processes of mitochondria and induce caspase‐dependent apoptosis in the presence of light. In addition, RuPt shows low systemic toxicity and potent in vivo anticancer potency upon light irradiation. This study provides strong evidence that mtDNA is an important molecular target of RuPt, and photodamaging mtDNA is an effective strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Readily Modified Poly(aryl)(alkoxy)stannanes by use of Hypercoordinated Sn Monomers
Authors: Pau Jeffrey , D'Amaral Gloria M. , Lough Alan J. , Wylie R. Stephen , Foucher Daniel A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and solid‐state molecular structures of two dichlorido(aryl)(alkyl) tin compounds, 5 and 8, both key intermediates to tunable polystannane architectures, are reported. The materials were further investigated by single‐crystal XRD and a DFT analysis of their preferential “open and closed” geometries. Conversion of said compounds to their dihydride analogues was undertaken, followed by their application as monomers for polystannane polymer synthesis. The properties of two asymmetrical polystannanes prepared by transition‐metal‐catalyzed dehydropolymerization of dihydrido(aryl)alkylstannanes (6 and 9) were investigated. The first product was the structurally simple, modest molecular weight, semi‐crystalline light‐ and moisture‐stable polystannane 10 with NMR (119Sn) evidence of prominent Sn←O hypercoordination along the polymer backbone. The second was the lower molecular weight, tosylated four‐coordinate polystannane 11 with no evidence of hypercoordination. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of polymer 10 revealed a reversible semi‐crystalline nature, whereas an amorphous character was detected for polymer 11. Polystannane 10 was also found to be exceptionally stable to both moisture and light (>6 months) and a promising candidate for the design of readily modified (i.e., tunable) polystannane materials.
Innovatives Recycling Seltener Erden durch Feststoffchlorierung
Authors: Lorenz Tom , Bertau Martin 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Feststoffchlorierung weist ein großes Potential auf, indem sie einen effektiven Aufschluss mit einem ressourcenschonenden Umgang zu einem wirtschaftlichen Recycling kombiniert. Der erste Schritt zur industriellen Anwendung dieses Verfahrens ist mit dem Bau der Demonstrationsanlage im Rahmen des MagnetoRec‐Projektes geplant. Mit dem Reaktor werden bei der Firma FNE Entsorgungsdienste Freiberg zukünftig nicht nur Seltene Erden aus Altmagneten, sondern auch aus Leuchtstoffabfällen recycelt werden, für die sich die Feststoffchlorierung ebenfalls als äußerst effektiv erwiesen hat.
Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization of 1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐butylimidazolium Ionic Liquid Containing Homopolymers and Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers
Authors: Peltekoff Alexander J. , Therrien Ian , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of well‐defined imidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) copolymers by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) is reported. The viability of three different synthetic pathways to achieve poly[1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)‐imide‐co‐methyl methacrylate] (poly(VBBI+TFSI‐‐co‐MMA)) was explored including direct polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer (VBBI+TFSI‐) and post functionalization of precursor polymer poly(4‐vinylbenzyl imidazole‐co‐methyl methacrylate). PILs with well‐controlled molecular weight and low dispersity ( < 1.3) were obtained via all routes. A full synthetic, kinetic, and compositional comparison between methods is reported. These results illustrate an effective route for the synthesis of well‐defined, pseudo‐living functional PIL‐methacryalte copolymers with tunable properties through potential methacrylate monomer substitution.
Kinetics of the reaction of ethanol and lauric acid catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on benzyltrimethylammonium chloride
Authors: Li Kun , Xue Weilan , Zeng Zuoxiang , Shi Xinyue 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, three types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs: BAC‐PTSA, BAC‐2PTSA, and BAC‐3PTSA) based on benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BAC) were successfully synthesized by mixing benzyltrimethylammonium chloride with p‐toluenesulphonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) and used as catalysts for the esterification reaction of ethanol and lauric acid. The kinetics of the reaction of ethanol and lauric acid in the presence of DESs as catalysts was investigated systemically in the temperature range of 333.15–353.15 K. The influences of different parameters including type of DESs, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and initial reactant molar ratio on the conversion of lauric acid were discussed. The kinetic experimental data obtained were successfully correlated by the pseudohomogeneous (PH) model based on the activities. Moreover, BAC‐3PTSA is easily synthesized and reused six times without any significant decrease in catalytic activity.
Artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA) based medium optimization for the production of human interferon gamma (hIFN‐γ) in Kluyveromyces lactis cell factory
Authors: Unni Silpa , Prabhu Ashish A. , Pandey Rajat , Hande Rohit , Veeranki Venkata Dasu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the current investigation, we have adapted response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA) based optimization to develop a defined medium for maximizing human interferon gamma production from recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis (K. lactis). In the initial screening studies, sorbitol and glycine emerged as a carbon and nitrogen source respectively having higher influence on hIFN‐γ production. Substrate inhibition studies were performed by varying the initial substrate concentration, and we found maximum hIFN‐γ concentration at 50 g L−1 of sorbitol. Inhibition kinetics studies were carried out using 3 and 4‐parametric models. Among the estimated models, the Moser model was observed as the best fitted model followed by the Luong model with R2 values of 0.882 and 0.75, respectively. The model acceptability test was carried out using the extra sum of squares F‐test and Akaike information criterion (AIC). The Plackett‐Burman multifactorial design identified sorbitol, glycine, Na2HPO4, and MgSO4.7H2O as the parameters significantly influencing the hIFN‐γ production. Further, the Box‐Behnken design (BBD) followed by the artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA) was employed for the precise optimization of medium components. With ANN‐GA a maximum hIFN‐γ yield of 2.1 ±0.3 mg L−1 in shake flask level and 3.5 ±0.1 mg L−1 in reactor level was achieved. The findings of this study serve as a model for a process development strategy (bench scale to reactor scale) to achieve a high productivity of the desired protein from a microbial cell factory.
Health literacy and cancer self‐management behaviors: A scoping review
Authors: Papadakos Janet K. , Hasan Salwa M. , Barnsley Jan , Berta Whitney , Fazelzad Rouhi , Papadakos Christine J. , Giuliani Meredith E. , Howell Doris 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundIncreasing demands on health care systems require patients to take on more active roles in their health. Effective self‐management has been linked to improved health outcomes, and evidence shows that effective self‐management is linked to health literacy (HL). HL is an important predictor of successful self‐management in other chronic diseases but has had minimal testing in cancer.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to examine and summarize what is known about the association between HL and self‐management behaviors and health service utilization in the cancer setting. The methodological framework articulated by Arksey and O’Malley was used and was further refined with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Inclusion criteria included the following: peer review; publication in English; and adult patients and caregivers of all races, ethnicities, and cultural groups. Use of a validated instrument to measure HL was required.ResultsThe search yielded 2414 articles. After the removal of duplicates and the performance of title scans and abstract reviews, the number was reduced to 44. Of the 44 full‐text articles reviewed, 17 met the inclusion criteria. A number of important self‐management behaviors and related outcomes were found to be associated with HL. These included the uptake of cancer screening, the receipt of prescribed chemotherapy, and a greater risk of postoperative complications.ConclusionsThis literature review shows that HL is associated with important self‐management behaviors in cancer. The implications of these associations for individuals with inadequate HL and for the health care system are significant. More research is needed to explore these associations.
Hospitalization by cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen among older women with stage IV breast cancer
Authors: Kehl Kenneth L. , Niu Jiangong , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundOlder patients with cancer are at risk for increased side effects of treatment. Our goal was to inform treatment for older patients by analyzing the relationship between chemotherapy regimen and hospitalization among older women receiving palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy for breast cancer.MethodWe identified women aged 66‐99 years with stage IV de novo breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2013 who received any of the 10 most common cytotoxic chemotherapy‐containing regimens in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database. The primary outcome was hospitalization or death within 30 days of starting a new line of chemotherapy. Generalized linear mixed effects models with patient‐specific random effects were used for multivariable analysis of the association between chemotherapy regimen and this outcome. Additional covariates included number of prior lines of therapy; time since diagnosis; hormone receptor and HER2 status; sites of metastatic disease; and age, race, and marital status. The unit of analysis was each new line of chemotherapy.ResultsOf 972 lines of chemotherapy initiated among 693 patients, 188 (19%) were followed by hospitalization or death within 30 days. After adjustment, there was significant variation in this outcome by chemotherapy regimen (P = .03); compared with capecitabine, hospitalization/death rates were higher with cyclophosphamide + docetaxel (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31‐5.59), cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.19‐5.03), docetaxel (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.19‐5.21), and gemcitabine (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.72‐7.19).ConclusionTreatment regimen was associated with significant variation in 30‐day hospitalization or death among older women receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for stage IV de novo breast cancer.
Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) in Genome‐Wide Genetic Screening of Membrane Trafficking
Authors: Menasche Bridget L. , Crisman Lauren , Gulbranson Daniel R. , Davis Eric M. , Yu Haijia , Shen Jingshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbout one‐third of cellular proteins in eukaryotic cells are localized to membrane‐enclosed organelles in the endomembrane system. Trafficking of these membrane proteins (including soluble lumenal proteins) among the organelles is mediated by small sac‐like vesicles. Vesicle‐mediated membrane trafficking regulates a broad range of biological processes, many of which are still poorly understood at the molecular level. A powerful approach to dissect a vesicle‐mediated membrane trafficking pathway is unbiased genome‐wide genetic screening, which only recently became possible in mammalian cells with the isolation of haploid human cell lines and the development of CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing. Here, we describe a FACS‐based method to select populations of live mutant cells based on the surface levels of endogenous proteins or engineered reporters. Collection of these mutant populations enables subsequent deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify genes that regulate the trafficking pathway. This method can be readily adapted to genetically dissect a broad range of mammalian membrane trafficking processes using haploid genetics or CRISPR‐Cas9 screens. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Locally private Jaccard similarity estimation
Authors: Yan Ziqi , Wu Qiong , Ren Meng , Liu Jiqiang , Liu Shaowu , Qiu Shuo 
Published: September 2018

SummaryJaccard Similarity has been widely used to measure the distance between two sets (or preference profiles) owned by two different users. Yet, in the private data collection scenario, it requires the untrusted curator could only estimate an approximately accurate Jaccard similarity of the involved users but without being allowed to access their preference profiles. This paper aims to address the above requirements by considering the local differential privacy model. To achieve this, we initially focused on a particular hash technique, MinHash, which was originally invented to estimate the Jaccard similarity efficiently. We designed the PrivMin algorithm to achieve the perturbation of MinHash signature by adopting Exponential mechanism and build the Locally Differentially Private Jaccard Similarity Estimation (LDP‐JSE) protocol for allowing the untrusted curator to approximately estimate Jaccard similarity. Theoretical and empirical results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can retain a highly acceptable utility of the estimated similarity as well as preserving privacy.
Research on exchange rate pass‐through effect based on artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Chen Hong , Hu WenZhe 
Published: September 2018

SummaryArtificial intelligence is widely believed to reshape many industries in the future. This paper analyzes the chaotic characteristics of Chinese export price index, exchange rate data, and studies the predictive ability of the neural network model in exchange rate passthrough (ERPT) prediction. The Hermite neural network model, one of artificial intelligence models, is selected to forecast the rate of pass‐through effect. Hermite neural network model demonstrates a superior forecasting accuracy, and its forecasting error is less than that of the general neural network model.
Heterojunction and Oxygen Vacancy Modification of ZnO Nanorod Array Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Long Xuefeng , Li Feng , Gao Lili , Hu Yiping , Hu Haiguo , Jin Jun , Ma Jiantai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractApplication of ZnO in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting is limited because of its wide‐band‐gap and high recombination rate. Herein is reported the design of an efficient ZnO photoanode deposited with CoOx nanoparticles to achieve a heterojunction and oxygen vacancies. The CoOx nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies were anchored onto the nanorod arrays by spin coating and calcination followed by a solvothermal treatment. CoOx nanoparticles serve the dual function of forming a p‐n heterojunction to facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers, and act as a cocatalyst to decrease water oxidation barrier. Finally, oxygen vacancies increase the number of active redox sites and act as hole traps, enabling their migration to the electrode/electrolyte interface. The composite photoanode exhibits a high incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (76.7 % at 350 nm), which is twice that of pristine ZnO, and a photoconversion efficiency of 0.68 % (0.73 V versus RHE). The current approach can be expanded to fabricate other efficient photocatalysts.
NAD+‐Dependent Enzymatic Route for the Epimerization of Hydroxysteroids
Authors: Tonin Fabio , Otten Linda G. , Arends Isabel W. C. E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpimerization of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (CA and CDCA, respectively) is a notable conversion for the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Two enantiocomplementary hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (7α‐ and 7β‐HSDHs) can carry out this transformation fully selectively by specific oxidation of the 7α‐OH group of the substrate and subsequent reduction of the keto intermediate to the final product (7β‐OH). With a view to developing robust and active biocatalysts, novel NADH‐active 7β‐HSDH species are necessary to enable a solely NAD+‐dependent redox‐neutral cascade for UDCA production. A wild‐type NADH‐dependent 7β‐HSDH from Lactobacillus spicheri (Ls7β‐HSDH) was identified, recombinantly expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. Using this novel NAD+‐dependent 7β‐HSDH enzyme in combination with 7α‐HSDH from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia permitted the biotransformations of CA and CDCA in the presence of catalytic amounts of NAD+, resulting in high yields (>90 %) of UCA and UDCA.
The association between perinatal hypoxia exposure and externalizing symptoms and children’s decision making in conditions of uncertainty is moderated by DRD2 genotype
Authors: White Roisin , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Ryan Patrick J. , Lydon‐Staley David M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVariants of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism, which have been shown to result in functional differences in dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), have been linked to various externalizing outcomes in adults. However, the neurobiological processes that contribute to these associations are not well understood. The current study investigates gene × environment effects on teacher‐rated externalizing behaviors and probabilistic decision making in a sample of 333 children (age 9) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study. Findings indicate that externalizing behaviors increased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among individuals carrying the A1 (A1+) allele. Results also indicate that willingness to pursue reward under conditions of maximum uncertainty (50% probability) decreased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among A1− individuals. Among A1 carriers, no association between probability decision making and hypoxic exposure emerged. These findings suggest that hypoxia could influence neural development through different biological pathways depending on D2 receptor genotype, and provide insight into the development of individual differences in behavior and decision making.
Double electroporation in two adjacent tissues in chicken embryos
Authors: Draga Margarethe , Pröls Felicitas , Scaal Martin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn ovo electroporation is a well established method to introduce transgenes into a number of tissues in chicken embryos, e.g., neural tissue, limb mesenchyme, and somites. This method has been widely used to investigate cell lineage, cell morphology, and molecular pathways by localized expression of fluorescent reporter constructs. Furthermore gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments can be performed by electroporating transgenes or gene‐silencing constructs. We have developed a new technique to electroporate tissues positioned opposite to each other with different plasmids using an electroporation chamber. As proof of principle, we electroporated the dorsal surface ectoderm with a reporter construct expressing mCherry and the subjacent somites with a reporter construct expressing EGFP. This double‐electroporation technique allows investigation of the localization of two different proteins of interest in two adjacent tissues and will be useful to examine the cellular and molecular interaction of neighboring structures during embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 247:1211–1216, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small RNA sequencing of sessile serrated polyps identifies microRNA profile associated with colon cancer
Authors: Kanth Priyanka , Hazel Mark W. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Yang Zhihong , Wang Li , Bronner Mary P. , Boylan Katherine E. , Burt Randall W. , Westover Michelle , Neklason Deborah W. , Delker Don A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) of the colon account for 20–30% of all colon cancers. Small non‐coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes involved in cancer development. Small RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to characterize miRNA profiles in SSA/Ps, hyperplastic polyps (HPs), adenomatous polyps and paired uninvolved colon. Our 108 small RNA‐seq samples' results were compared to small RNA‐seq data from 212 colon cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Twenty‐three and six miRNAs were differentially expressed in SSA/Ps compared to paired uninvolved colon and HPs, respectively. Differential expression of MIR31‐5p, MIR135B‐5p and MIR378A‐5p was confirmed by RT‐qPCR. SSA/P‐specific miRNAs are similarly expressed in colon cancers containing genomic aberrations described in serrated cancers. Correlation of miRNA expression with consensus molecular subtypes suggests more than one subtype is associated with the serrated neoplasia pathway. Canonical pathway analysis suggests many of these miRNAs target growth factor signaling pathways.