bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult congenital heart disease: Past, present and future
Authors: Brida Margarita , Gatzoulis Michael A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common inborn defect, has been a tremendous success story of modern medicine. In the 1950s, survival of children born with CHD was only approximately 15%, whereas nowadays more than 90% of these children survive well into adulthood. Consequently, the prevalence of patients with CHD has shifted away from infancy and childhood towards adulthood. Adult CHD cardiology is now encompassing not only young or middle‐aged adults but also patients with CHD over 60 years old. Many adult patients are afflicted by residual haemodynamic lesions and also face additional opportunities and/or challenges such as pregnancy, acquired heart disease, non‐cardiac pathology etc., necessitating integrated care and all medical disciplines. We are faced with a “tsunami” in terms of adult CHD numbers, disease heterogeneity and complexity of work and interventions needed. We need to secure resources, welcome more people in our field, learn from “marching with our patients”, and educate better patients, public and ourselves so that every single patient with CHD, born anywhere in the world, may reach their full life potential.
High daily salt intake had a negative impact on how well nocturnal enuresis treatment worked on children aged 7‐10 years
Authors: Tsuji Shoji , Yamaguchi Tadashi , Akagawa Yuko , Akagawa Shohei , Kino Jiro , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Kimata Takahisa , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated whether the daily salt intake of children with nocturnal enuresis influenced their response to 1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin therapy.MethodsThis study comprised 129 children (67.4% boys) with a median age of 9.2 years (range 7.2‐10.4) with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis who were seen at Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan, from 2013 to 2017. Urinary sodium concentrations were determined using a spot urine test, and the children were divided into appropriate (n = 55) and excessive salt intake (n = 74) groups based on Japanese Government guidelines. After a month of therapy, the treatment responses were compared for 39 and 50 children, respectively.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine or calcium‐to‐creatinine ratios in the two groups. However, the excessive salt intake group showed a significantly reduced treatment response to the appropriate salt intake group. In addition, the excessive and appropriate salt intake groups showed median efficacy ratios of 8.2% and 21.8%, respectively, based on intention‐to‐treat analysis (P = 0.029) and 12.0% and 30.8% based on per‐protocol analysis (P = 0.029).ConclusionHigh daily salt intake significantly reduced the efficacy of ddavp therapy for nocturnal enuresis and consumption should be controlled during treatment.
Structural Learning and Integrative Decomposition of Multi-View Data
Authors: Gaynanova Irina , Li Gen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe increased availability of multi-view data (data on the same samples from multiple sources) has led to strong interest in models based on low-rank matrix factorizations. These models represent each data view via shared and individual components, and have been successfully applied for exploratory dimension reduction, association analysis between the views, and consensus clustering. Despite these advances, there remain challenges in modeling partially-shared components and identifying the number of components of each type (shared/partially-shared/individual). We formulate a novel linked component model that directly incorporates partially-shared structures. We call this model SLIDE for Structural Learning and Integrative DEcomposition of multi-view data. The proposed model-fitting and selection techniques allow for joint identification of the number of components of each type, in contrast to existing sequential approaches. In our empirical studies, SLIDE demonstrates excellent performance in both signal estimation and component selection. We further illustrate the methodology on the breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository.
Integer-Valued Functional Data Analysis for Measles Forecasting
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Measles presents a unique and imminent challenge for epidemiologists and public health officials: the disease is highly contagious, yet vaccination rates are declining precipitously in many localities. Consequently, the risk of a measles outbreak continues to rise. To improve preparedness, we study historical measles data both prevaccine and postvaccine, and design new methodology to forecast measles counts with uncertainty quantification. We propose to model the disease counts as an integer-valued functional time series: measles counts are a function of time-of-year and time-ordered by year. The counts are modeled using a negative-binomial distribution conditional on a real-valued latent process, which accounts for the overdispersion observed in the data. The latent process is decomposed using an unknown basis expansion, which is learned from the data, with dynamic basis coefficients. The resulting framework provides enhanced capability to model complex seasonality, which varies dynamically from year-to-year, and offers improved multimonth-ahead point forecasts and substantially tighter forecast intervals (with correct coverage) compared to existing forecasting models. Importantly, the fully Bayesian approach provides well-calibrated and precise uncertainty quantification for epi-relevant features, such as the future value and time of the peak measles count in a given year. An R package is available online.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people with learning disability: A systematic review
Authors: Walton Catherine , Isaac Andrew , Kerr Mike 
Published: June 2019

Accessible Summary

People with learning disability have more health problems in comparison to people without learning disability.

Low levels of vitamin D in the body is called vitamin D deficiency. This can increase the chance of bone disease, falls and broken bones.

This article has reviewed the research evidence from the last 16 years about vitamin D deficiency for people with learning disability.

The research shows that people with learning disability have an equal, and possibly higher, chance of vitamin D deficiency.

More research is needed to confirm these findings. In order to find out more about how many people with learning disability have vitamin D deficiency, a much larger study is needed.

AbstractBackground\inequality and unmet needs. Vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of bone disease, muscle weakness and fractures. The aim of this systematic review is to assess for the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in people with learning disability.MethodThe “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses” checklist was followed where possible.ResultsEight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality of the studies was assessed utilising the “Appraisal of Cross‐sectional Studies” tool. The prevalence of inpatients with learning disability and deficient vitamin D levels ranged from 41% to 92%. This is equal to, and likely higher than, the rate for institutionalised adults in the UK. 49%–77% of individuals with learning disability living in the community had inadequate vitamin D levels. In comparison to the general population, this is provisional evidence to suggest that people with learning disability could have an increased risk of inadequate vitamin D levels.ConclusionDue to the low number of studies, and the heterogeneous populations of the included studies, firm conclusions could not be drawn. However, the results show that people with learning disability have at least an equal risk of vitamin D deficiency in comparison to the general population. There is provisional evidence to suggest that the prevalence could be higher for people with learning disability, and therefore, there is a need for further population‐based studies.
Impacts of backwater hydrodynamics on fluvial–deltaic stratigraphy
Authors: Wu Chenliang , Nitterour Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of rivers approaching a receiving basin are influenced by the onset of backwater conditions that give rise to decelerating reach‐average flow velocity and decreasing boundary shear stress. These changes occur across a spatial gradient over which decreasing sediment transport capacity triggers morphodynamic responses that include sediment deposition at the transition from uniform to nonuniform flow. As a consequence, the channel width‐to‐depth ratio and bed sediment grain size decrease downstream. While nonuniform flow and associated morphodynamic adjustments have been investigated in modern fluvial–deltaic systems, the impacts to fluvial–deltaic stratigraphy remain relatively unexplored. This represents an important unresolved gap: there are few contributions that link morphodynamic response to nonuniform flow, impacts on sediment deposition and influence on the rock record. This study uses a numerical model to explore how variable channel hydraulics influence long‐term (1000s years) patterns of sediment deposition and development of stratigraphy. The model results indicate that: (a) nonuniform flow propagates upstream beyond the backwater transition that is traditionally estimated with a basic backwater length scale relationship. (b) Base‐level fluctuations, especially rising, enhance the impact of nonuniform flow. (c) Sediment deposition shows large spatio‐temporal variability, which ultimately contributes to unique stacking patterns of fluvial–deltaic stratigraphy. (d) Nonuniform flow imparts spatial variation in flow depth, channel bed slope and sediment grain size over the delta, and these signatures are potentially preserved and recognizable in the rock record.
Sex differences in the safety of S‐1 plus oxaliplatin and S‐1 plus cisplatin for patients with metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Yamada Yasuhide , Koizumi Wasaburo , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Gotoh Masahiro , Fuse Nozomu , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Nishina Tomohiro , Amagai Kenji , Chin Keisho , Niwa Yasumasa , Tsuji Akihito , Imamura Hiroshi , Tsuda Masahiro , Yasui Hirofumi , Fujii Hirofumi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Yasui Hisateru , Hironaka Shuichi , Shimada Ken , Hyodo Ichinosuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown sex‐related differences in the incidence of adverse events following treatment with fluoropyrimidines, however the mechanism of this difference is unknown. We examined sex‐related differences in the safety of S‐1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) and S‐1 plus cisplatin (CS) in 663 metastatic gastric cancer patients taking part in a phase III study. The incidences of leukopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.9; P = .015), neutropenia (OR 2.2; P = .002), nausea (OR 2.0; P = .009), and vomiting (OR 2.8; P < .001) were increased in women versus men treated with SOX, while vomiting (OR 2.9; P < .001) and stomatitis (OR 1.8; P = .043) were increased in women versus men treated with CS. In contrast, male patients treated with CS experienced thrombocytopenia more often (OR 0.51; P = .009). The mean relative dose intensity of S‐1 in SOX was 75.4% in women and 81.4% in men (P = .032). No difference in efficacy was observed between women and men undergoing either regimen. Sex‐related differences in adverse reactions during SOX and CS treatment were confirmed in this phase III study. Further translational research studies are warranted to pursue the cause of this difference.
Recurrence and metastatic potential in Type 1 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Daskalakis Kosmas , Tsoli Marina , Karapanagioti Angeliki , Chrysochoou Maria , Thomas Dimitrios , Sougioultzis Stavros , Karoumpalis Ioannis , Kaltsas Gregory A. , Alexandraki Krystallenia I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to assess clinico‐pathological and biochemical parameters of Type 1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GNEN1) with respect to tumours propensity for recurrence and metastasis.MethodsHospital charts of GNEN1 patients were reviewed at a single tertiary referral centre.ResultsWe included 114 consecutive patients (74 women; age at baseline 54.5 ± 12.7 years [mean ± SD]) with GNEN1. All tumours (n = 114) were well differentiated; Grade 1 (G1) accounted for 56 patients (49%), whereas 46 (40%) were Grade 2 (G2) and 12 (11%) of unknown Grade. Overall follow‐up encompassed 45.3 ± 46 (mean ± SD) months in 84 patients who were subjected to annual surveillance; 44 (52%) developed recurrence in the stomach during follow‐up with 22 experiencing multiple recurrences; three (2.6%) presented with metastases in locoregional lymph nodes (n = 3) and/or the liver (n = 2); No metastasis or death was reported during follow‐up. Median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 31 months (95% CI: 7.6‐54.4). Among clinico‐pathological and biochemical parameters investigated, endoscopic intervention compared with surgery (P‐value = .009) and higher serum‐gastrin levels (s‐gastrin) at baseline and first‐year follow‐up were associated with recurrence (P‐value = .022 and .003 respectively) and also shorter RFS (log‐rank P = .009 for type of intervention and .014 for s‐gastrin, respectively). Receiver Operator Curve analysis of s‐gastrin levels at first‐year follow‐up for recurrence demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.702.ConclusionDespite the relatively high prevalence of G2 tumours, endoscopically and/or surgically treated GNEN1 remains an indolent disease with a low metastatic propensity and no disease‐specific mortality reported in our series. Many patients though will experience local recurrence, warranting long‐term endoscopic surveillance with s‐gastrin biomarker being a complementary tool in recurrence prediction.
Brainstem posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a case with Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Yokoyama Jun , Yamaguchi Hiroo , Koge Junpei , Matsushita Takuya , Isobe Noriko , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by reversible vasogenic brain edema on magnetic resonance imaging. PRES is frequently associated with blood pressure (BP) fluctuation. Although Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is often complicated by BP fluctuation, PRES is rarely reported. Here, we describe the first reported case of GBS in a patient who developed PRES mainly affecting the brainstem.Case presentationA 43‐year‐old man presented with impaired consciousness and was hospitalized after a diagnosis of infectious meningoencephalitis. His consciousness was improved by treatment; however, he presented with polyneuropathy and BP fluctuation. We diagnosed him with GBS and started intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg); however, his consciousness became impaired again after IVIg. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense areas of the pons, cerebellar peduncle, midbrain and basal ganglia in the apparent diffusion coefficient image and the fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image. Diffusion‐weighted imaging showed that hyperintense and hypointense lesions were present within the same regions. We diagnosed brainstem PRES complicated with GBS. Achievement of BP control improved his consciousness and hyperintense lesions on the diffusion‐weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient image map.ConclusionsBP fluctuation and IVIg might have caused PRES in the present case. Neurologists should consider PRES as a differential diagnosis when consciousness is impaired in GBS, especially at the time of IVIg therapy or BP fluctuation.
Novel BEST1 gene mutations associated with two different forms of macular dystrophy in Tunisian families
Authors: Chibani Zohra , Abid Imen Zone , Molbaek Annette , Söderkvist Peter , Feki Jamel , Hmani‐Aifa Mounira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies of hereditary eye diseases allowed us to identify two Tunisian families suffering from macular dystrophies: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) and autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the underlying genetics of these two forms of macular dystrophy.MethodsComplete ophthalmic examination was performed including optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, electrooculography and autofluoresence imaging in all patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected from patients and family members.ResultsSanger sequencing of all exons of the BEST1 gene in both families identified two new mutations: a missense mutation c.C91A [p.L31 M] at the N‐terminal transmembrane domain within the ARB family and a nonsense mutation C1550G (p.S517X) in the C‐terminal domain segregating in the BVMD family.ConclusionsSeveral mutations of the BEST1 gene have been reported which are responsible for numerous ocular pathologies. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time we report mutations in this gene in Tunisian families presenting different forms of macular dystrophy. Our report also expands the list of pathogenic BEST1 genotypes and the associated clinical diagnosis.
Repeat corneal transplantation in Auckland, New Zealand: Indications, visual outcomes and risk factors for repeat keratoplasty failure
Authors: Lu Lucy M. , Boyle Alexander B. , Niederer Rachael L. , Brookes Nigel H. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Patel Dipika V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImportanceIn New Zealand, repeat keratoplasty has become the second leading indication for corneal transplantation.BackgroundTo report the indications, outcomes and survival of repeat keratoplasty and evaluate the risk factors for graft failure.DesignRetrospective study in a public corneal service.ParticipantsTwo hundred nineteen patients undergoing 279 repeat keratoplasty procedures during 1991‐2017.MethodsThe New Zealand National Eye Bank prospectively collects data on all corneal transplants. This was utilized to identify patients undergoing repeat keratoplasty in Auckland. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed.Main Outcome MeasuresGraft survival and visual outcome.ResultsThe repeat keratoplasty technique was penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in 242 cases (86.7%) and endothelial keratoplasty in 37 (13.3%). The most common primary indication was keratoconus (46.6%). The most common indication for repeat keratoplasty was endothelial decompensation (37.6%). For PK performed as a repeat keratoplasty, the median survival in years was 12.0 for first, 3.5 for second and 2.3 for third repeat keratoplasty. Keratoconus had the longest graft survival (median 13.0 years). In surviving grafts, median visual acuity was 6/15 at 1 year and 6/12 at 2 years. On multivariate analysis, regraft number (P = .022), non‐European ethnicity (P = .007), concurrent surgical procedure (P < .0005), lower donor endothelial density (P = .028), previous glaucoma surgery (P < .0005), postoperative raised intraocular pressure (P = .001) and graft rejection (P = .032) were associated with keratoplasty failure.Conclusions and RelevanceRepeat keratoplasty survival is affected by multiple interacting factors and prognosis worsens with each subsequent regraft. These results will help guide clinicians in addressing patients' individual risk factors when embarking on repeat corneal transplant surgery.
Mechanical and biological complications after implantoplasty—A systematic review
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Bertl Kristina , Eren Sera , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesImplantoplasty, that is, the mechanical modification of the implant, including thread removal and surface smoothening, has been proposed during surgical peri‐implantitis treatment. Currently, there is no information about any potential mechanical and/or biological complications after this approach. The aim of the current review was to systematically assess the literature to answer the focused question “Are there any mechanical and/or biological complications due to implantoplasty?”.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search was performed in three databases until 23/09/2018 to assess potential mechanical and/or biological complications after implantoplasty. All laboratory, preclinical in vivo, and clinical studies involving implantoplasty were included, and any complication potentially related to implantoplasty was recorded and summarized.ResultsOut of 386 titles, 26 publications were included in the present review (six laboratory, two preclinical in vivo, and 18 clinical studies). Laboratory studies have shown that implantoplasty does not result in temperature increase, provided proper cooling is used, but leads in reduced implant strength in “standard” dimension implants; further, preclinical studies have shown titanium particle deposition in the surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, no clinical study has reported any remarkable complication due to implantoplasty; among 217‐291 implants subjected to implantoplasty, no implant fracture was reported during a follow‐up of 3–126 months, while only a single case of mucosal discoloration, likely due to titanium particle deposition, has been reported.ConclusionsBased on all currently available, yet limited, preclinical in vivo and clinical evidence, implantoplasty seems not associated with any remarkable mechanical or biological complications on the short‐ to medium‐term.
Post‐treatment patient‐reported outcome measures in a group of Thai dental implant patients
Authors: Vipattanaporn Pat , Mattheos Nikos , Pisarnturakit Pagaporn , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Subbalekha Keskanya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to evaluate and analyze the factors affecting patients' perceptions and satisfaction after receiving implant treatment.Material and methodsQuestionnaires were mailed to 691 patients who had completed implant treatment for at least 6 months. The questionnaire consisted of 23 items, including demographic data, seven items on perceptions, and nine items on satisfaction.ResultsOf the returned 382 questionnaires, 188 and 194 were from patients treated by postgraduate students and specialists, respectively. Dentists were the most common main source of implant information (55.8%). Although 90% of the patients felt that they were well informed about implant treatment, some inaccurate perceptions remained: 18% believed that “Dental implants require less care than natural teeth,” 35.6% that “Dental implants last longer than natural teeth,” and 75% that “Treatment with dental implants has no risks or complications.” Approximately 90% of the patients were satisfied with their chewing, phonetics, aesthetic outcome, and dental implant treatment; however, some were dissatisfied with the cost. Although gender, age, educational level, main source of information, implant number, and implant position had some impact on patients' perceptions and satisfaction; monthly income did not. The clinicians' expertise affected patients' perceptions, but not satisfaction.ConclusionsAlthough most patients had accurate perceptions with regards to implant treatment, some misperceptions about the need for a maintenance care still exist after treatment. Most patients were satisfied with their treatment outcome regardless of monthly income and the clinicians' expertise level.