bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF THE HEART RATE CONTROL IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY MONITORING OF THE DIGOXIN CONCENTRATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Zadvorev S. F. , Yakovlev A. A. , Pushkin A. S. , Rukavishnikova S. A. , Filippov A. E. , Obrezan A. G. 
Published: July 2018

Background. Digoxin takes important place in the management of patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Monitoring of serum digoxin concentration (SDC) seems to be perspective way to improve the safety and efficacy of treatment. At the same time, there are no generally accepted reference ranges for SDC, especially in terms of the onset of therapy.Aim. To evaluate the potential contribution of SDC monitoring in the context of efficacy of AF treatment with the use of digoxin in elderly patients.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment of patients with recent-onset (n=91) or permanent (n=58) AF was performed. In all cases, the strategy of heart rate (HR) control was realized, including treatment with digoxin in 104 cases. SDC was measured twice during the digitalization: 20 hours after the first digoxin dose, and at the endpoint (time of sinus rhythm spontaneous restoration or, if the rhythm not restored, on day 7 of AF persistence).Results. The influence of digoxin on HR was dose-dependent since the 1st week of therapy, and the SDC dynamics was strictly associated with change in HR (r=-0.66, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the probability of the sinus rhythm restoration due to digoxin therapy and the SDC: its probability in high SDC was significantly lower compared to other approaches to the HR control (0% vs 76% in beta-blocker monotherapy; and vs 100% in therapy with beta-blocker + lower-SDC, p=0.036). In patients with persisted AF and low SDC, the digoxin was withdrawn more often due to lack of clinical efficiency.Conclusions. The SDC monitoring at the 1st week of digitalization could be used to improve the efficacy of therapy and to minimize the risks of spontaneous rhythm restoration, if not desired, and to reveal the disproportion between its high dose and low efficacy. The role of this diagnostic tool seems to be limited to safety control and negative predictive value for efficacy (the lower concentration, the higher risk of inefficiency), whereas its positive predictive value in terms of efficacy seems contradictory. The obtained data could be used for decision-making for recommendation of longterm digoxin usage if its contribution into HR control is doubtful.
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Khudyakov M. B. , Karpov O. I. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2018

Background. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) is quite high in the Russian Federation (RF), and it is associated with clinical consequences and with potential economic impact. Impact includes not only cost of its correction, but also the cost of treatment of diseases and complications, as well as the deficiency of the gross domestic product (GDP).Aim. Evaluation of economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population, including direct expenditures of the Health Care System as well as nondirect impact in common economy.Material and methods. Prevalence of HCE in the RF was identified based on local published studies. Local statistical data (2016) on cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs), including Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), Myocardial Infarction and cerebral-vascular disease were included in the analysis. Population Attributive Risk (PAR) of HCE in CVDs has been extrapolated on all Russian population. Official statistics, parameters of Govern Guarantees Program of Free Medical Aid were used for modelling of direct and non-direct components of economic impact. Total amount of premature deaths with calculation of years of potential life lost until life expectation at 72 years was calculated. Economic impact due to premature CVDs mortality in economic activity age with consideration on ratio of employment have included GDP lost. Calculation of GDP lost also included monetary impact based on number of disability CVDs patients multiplied on GDP per capita in disability group.Results.Visits to policlinics of patients with CVDs and HCE had a first place among all calls for medical aid. In the same time, hospitalization required in higher expenditures (outpatients cost treatment expenditures were 2.43 billion RUR, in-patients treatment – 18.21 billion RUR). IHD with HCE was most expensive for direct expenditures in comparison with other CVD groups: more than 28.9 billion RUR per year, and with direct non-medical expenditures of 29.3 billion RUR in total. Years of potential life lost in economic active age were one million in total, 1.29 trillion RUR per year mostly due to indirect expenditures due to premature deaths in economy activity age (99% of impact). Total Economic impact due to HCE in the Russian population for all HCE are estimated as 1.295 trillion RUR.Conclusion. Total economic impact due to HCE in the RF is 1.5% of GDP (2016), 1.295 trillion RUR. Direct expenditures included Health Care System expenses; disability covering had 2.3% only. Main part of impact is economic lost due to premature mortality and decrease of labor productivity. HCE patients control at target levels with help of healthy lifestyle and adequate pharmaceutical therapy can decrease economic impact.
A review of potential factors contributing to epidemic cholera in Yemen
Authors: Al-Gheethi Adel , Noman Efaq , Jeremiah David Bala , Mohamed Radin , Abdullah Abd. Halid , Nagapan Sasitharan , Hashim Mohd Amir 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The menace of cholera epidemic occurrence in Yemen was reported in early 2017. Recent reports revealed that an estimated 500,000 people are infected with cholera whereas 2,000 deaths have been reported in Yemen. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and food. Yemen is the least developed country among the Middle East countries in terms of wastewater and solid waste management. The population of Yemen is about 24.5 million and generates about 70–100 million m3 of sewage. An estimated 7% of the population has sewerage systems. It has been revealed that 31.2 million m3 of untreated sewage is used for irrigation purposes especially for vegetables and Khat trees. In addition, more than 70% of the population in Yemen has no potable water. They depend on water wells as a water source which are located close to sewage disposal sites. The present review focuses on the current status of water, wastewater as well as solid waste management in Yemen and their roles in the outbreak of cholera. Future prospects for waste management have been proposed.
Recent Drug-Repurposing-Driven Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Konreddy Ananda Kumar , Rani Grandhe Usha , Lee Kyeong , Choi Yongseok 
Published: July 2018

:Drug repurposing is a safe and successful pathway to speed up the novel drug discovery and development processes compared with de novo drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing uses FDA-approved drugs and drugs that failed in clinical trials, which have detailed information on potential toxicity, formulation, and pharmacology. Technical advancements in the informatics, genomics, and biological sciences account for the major success of drug repurposing in identifying secondary indications of existing drugs. Drug repurposing is playing a vital role in filling the gap in the discovery of potential antibiotics. Bacterial infections emerged as an ever-increasing global public health threat by dint of multidrug resistance to existing drugs. This raises the urgent need of development of new antibiotics that can effectively fight multidrug-resistant bacterial infections (MDRBIs). The present review describes the key role of drug repurposing in the development of antibiotics during 2016–2017 and of the details of recently FDA-approved antibiotics, pipeline antibiotics, and antibacterial properties of various FDA-approved drugs of anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-hyperlipidemia, antiinflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, genetic disorder, immune modulator, etc. Further, in view of combination therapies with the existing antibiotics, their potential for new implications for MDRBIs is discussed. The current review may provide essential data for the development of quick, safe, effective, and novel antibiotics for current needs and suggest acuity in its effective implications for inhibiting MDRBIs by repurposing existing drugs.
Porous Inorganic and Hybrid Systems for Drug Delivery: Future Promise in Combatting Drug Resistance and Translation to Botanical Applications
Authors: Guo Junling , Mattos Bruno D. , Tardy Blaise L. , Moody Vanessa M. , Xiao Gao , Ejima Hirotaka , Cui Jiwei , Liang Kang , Richardson Joseph J. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Porous micro- and nanoparticles have the capacity to encapsulate a
large quantity of therapeutics, making them promising delivery vehicles for a variety of applications.
This review aims to highlight the latest development of inorganic and hybrid (inorganic/
organic) particles for drug delivery with an additional emphasis on combatting drug resistant
cancer. We go one step further and discuss delivery applications beyond medicinal
delivery, as there is generally a translation from medicinal delivery to botanic delivery after a
short lag time.

Methods:
We undertook a search of relevant peer-reviewed publications. The quality of the
relevant papers was appraised using standard tools. The characteristics of the papers are described
herein, and the relevant material and therapeutic properties are discussed.

Results:
We discuss 4 classes of porous particles in terms of drug delivery and theranostics.
We specifically focus on silica, calcium carbonate, metal-phenolic network, and metalorganic
framework particles. Other relevant biomedically relevant applications are discussed
and we highlight outstanding therapeutic results in the relevant literature.

Conclusion:
The findings of this review confirm the importance of studying and utilizing porous
particles for therapeutic delivery. Moreover, we show that the properties of porous particles
that make them promising for medicinal drug delivery also make them promising candidates
for agro-industrial applications.
Perfil de polifenoles, capacidad antioxidante y efecto citotóxico in vitro en líneas celulares humanas de un extracto hidroalcohólico de pétalos de Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Hernández-Rosas Nancy Aline , García-Zebadúa Julio César , Hernández-Delgado Natalia , Torres-Castillo Sergio , Figueroa-Arredondo Paula , Mora-Escobedo Rosalva 
Published: July 2018

Se evaluó el extracto hidroalcohólico de los pétalos de Calendula officinalis, mostrando efectos benéficos contra el estrés oxidativo y enfermedades asociadas a procesos inflamatorios. El contenido de polifenoles del extracto fue determinado por TLC y HPLC-UV-DAD y la capacidad antioxidante se estimó del poder reductor de Fe3+/Fe2+, quelación de Cu2+ y Fe2+, eliminación de radicales •OH, y ensayos ABTS [2, 2´-azino-bis (3 etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico) y DPPH (2,2´difenil-1-picrilhidracilo). La inhibición del crecimiento in vitro (IC50) en células cancerosas humanas de mama (MDA-MB-231), de cuello uterino (HeLa), pulmón (A-549), ycolon (HT-29 y Caco-2),fue determinado por el método de MTT.El extracto mostró que el contenido total de polifenoles fue de 37.01±0.015 mg GAe g-1, siendo la rutina la más abundante. Las pruebas ABTS TEAC y DPPH TEAC mostraron una alta capacidad antioxidante. El perfil de actividad antioxidante mostró buena capacidad reductora y capacidad para quelar Cu2+ y Fe2+, así como una buena capacidad de eliminación de radicales •OH. El extracto también mostró efecto citotóxico en células de colon (HT-29 y Caco-2), de mama (MDA-MB-231), de cuello uterino (HeLa) y pulmón (A-549) (IC50 = 10.84, 11.73, 11.26, 11.53 y 11.96 μg mL-1, respectivamente). El análisis de correlación sugiere que los polifenoles de Calendula officinalis están directamente relacionados con la capacidad antioxidante del extracto y se asocian inversamente con la viabilidad celular.
Childbirth-Related Hospital Burden by Socioeconomic Status in a Universal Health Care Setting
Authors: Mah Sarah Meghan , Sanmartin Claudia , Harper Sam , Ross Nancy A 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionHospital utilization varies across socioeconomic and demographic strata in Canada, which has a universal health care system that grants essential services to everyone. Rates of adverse birth outcomes are known to differ among high and low SES women, but less is known of the excess burden attached to those outcomes across Canadian provinces.
ObjectiveTo examine length of stay for childbirth relative to women’s socio-demographic characteristics, in the context of the Canadian universal health care system.
MethodsA population-based record linkage between the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycles 3.1 (2005) and 4.1 (2007/8), and the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) allowed the tracking of hospital utilization for linked survey respondents between 2005 and 2009. Hourly length of stay for delivery was modeled by socio-demographic factors, controlling for other clinical and individual-level characteristics.
ResultsThere were 7,166 complete delivery records from 5,570 female CCHS respondents who agreed to link and share their information. Women with the lowest income had on average, four-hour longer stays for vaginal delivery as compared to high-income women (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13, p=0.01), and eight-hour longer stays for Caesarian delivery (IRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95-1.22, p=0.23). A greater proportion of teenage pregnancy was seen for Aboriginal girls. Aboriginal status and rural area of residence were co-determinants of elevated length of stay.
ConclusionThe absence of egregious socio-demographic differences regarding childbirth is reassuring for the Canadian health care system. However, the persistence of marginally longer, and in turn, costlier visits for low-income and rural Aboriginal women is suggestive that policies of cash transfers during the prenatal period might be highly cost-effective if they achieve population-wide reductions in length of stay.
KEBIJAKAN PERIZINAN, SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEPENTINGAN INVESTASI
Authors: Absori Absori 
Published: July 2018

Kebijakan perizinana lingkungan dan kepentingan investasi disorot oleh banyak pihak, dianggap mempunyai andil besar yang menyebabkan krisis lingkungan di negeri ini. Perusakan dan pencemaran bidang lingkungan yang dilakukan pelaku usaha/industri dapat ditelusuri dari berbagai kebijakan pemberian perizinan lingkungan, seperti pendirian pabrik semen, penebangan HPH, reklamasi pantai, tambang batubara, emas dan lain lain. Perizinan lingkungan yang menimbulkan sengketa lingkungan apabila tidak bisa diselesaikan melalui hukum administrasi semata tetapi dapat juga dilakukan melalui hukum perdata bahkan pidana. Pembuktian hukum perdata biasa memerlukan pembuktian mengenai unsur hubungan sebab akibat, yang didasarkan pada dalil liabality base on fault dinilai akan memberatkan pihak yang melakukan gugatan. Karena itu dengan berkembangnya industrialisasi yang menghasilkan resiko yang bertambah besar serta makin rumitnya hubungan sebab-akibat, maka teori hukum telah meninggalkan konsep “kesalahan” dan berpaling ke konsep “resiko” yang menekankan pada tangung jawab mutlak dengan didasarkan pada asas liability base on risk. Model ke depan dalam penyelesaiaan sengketa perizinan lingkungan yang melibatkan masyarakat, pemerintah atau dunia usaha akan lebih baik apabila dilakukan melalui lembaga alternatif, dirancang melalui lembaga mediasi berdasarkan win win solution. Model penyelesaiaan ini merupakan model penyelesaiaan yang efisien, murah, cepat dan mampu menghasilkan keputusan yang lebih baik. Kata Kunci : Perizinan lingkungan, Gugatan masyarakat dan Penyelesaian sengketa.
Terrori-isku tiedontarpeiden virittäjänä: Turun puukotusten aiheuttamat tiedontarpeet
Authors: Haasio Ari , Mattila Markku , Ojaranta Anu , Kannasto Elisa 
Published: July 2018

In this study, we have analysed what kind of information needs arise in case of a sudden random act of violence and which factors trigger these information needs. The case represented in this study is the stabbing in Turku which took place in August 18th, 2017, which led to the death of two people. The data in this study consists of the Facebook comments collected from the media company Yle News' Facebook-profile. The first 13 posted news and their comments were collected during the first eight hours after posting the news. The total data consists of 1930 comments and 212 recognized information needs in their content.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used for analysing the data. The study shows that, during crisis, information needs change as more information is released. Traditional media faces a lot of expectations during these times of rapid information sharing enabled by social media. Most information needs were directed to the media and especially the activities of media company Yle. Other frequent information needs included questions about the offender and issues concerning immigration politics. Most information needs were aiming to strengthen the person's own world view, for example concerning immigration.
In the study, information needs were categorized into 15 different types that can be divided in to four main groups: authority related, act related, world view related and other information needs. Additionally, the time relation of information needs was analysed in the study. At first, the information needs were directed to the act itself and the activities of authorities. As more time passed, the information needs changed towards those related to world views. Affectional factors are a significant trigger of information needs in a terror type crisis situation.
Stock Market Volatility Measure Using Non-Traditional Tool Case of Germany
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Sarfraz Mudassira 
Published: July 2018

Abstract.
This study examines the stock market volatility of German bench-mark stock index DAX 30 using logarithmic extreme day return. German stock markets have been analyzed extensively in literature. We look into volatility issue from the standpoint of extreme-day changes. Our analysis indicates the non-normality of German stock market and higher probability of negative trading days. We measure the occurrences of extreme-day returns and their significance in measuring annual volatility. Our time series analysis indicates that the occurrences of extreme-days show a cyclical trend over the sample time period. Our comparison of negative and positive extreme-days indicates that negative extreme-days overweigh the positive extreme days. Standard deviation, as measure of volatility used traditionally, gives altered ranks of annual volatility to a considerable extent as compared to extreme-day returns. Lastly, existence of extreme day returns can be explained by past period occurrences, which show predictability.
Analysis of Data Completeness in the Register of Real Estate Prices and Values Used for Real Estate Evaluation on the Example of Koszalin District in the Years 2010‒2016
Authors: Dawid Leszek 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the completeness of data contained in the register of real estate prices and values. Transactions concerning parcels with residential buildings located on them were studied. On the basis of, among others, data obtained from this register, real estate valuers evaluate real estate. The following market characteristics were selected for the analysis: transaction price, usable area, year of building construction, construction material of building walls, number of storeys, plot size, and others. The data were obtained from the District Office in Koszalin. The study was conducted on the example of Koszalin district in the years 2010‒2016. The technique of quantitative and qualitative analysis of documents was used in the study.
The Use of Hazard Models for the Analysis of Income Inequalities in Poland
Authors: Landmesser Joanna Małgorzata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to examine the income inequalities of men and women in Poland. We estimate conditional cumulative distribution functions for incomes in both groups of people using a flexible hazard-function based estimator in the presence of covariates. The conditional piecewise-constant exponential hazard models are applied. Then, we decompose the estimated income differences along the whole income distribution. For this purpose, we construct the counterfactual distribution, which is the distribution of incomes that would prevail for women if they had the distribution of men’s characteristics. The method allowed to investigate the structure of inequalities in the entire range of income values for the two analyzed groups of people. The empirical investigation is based on the data collected within the EU-SILC project.
ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG DENGAN KONTRUKSI DINDING PENAHAN TANAH TIPE COUNTERFORT
Authors: Ciptaning Karsa , Yunus Yuhanis , Saleh Sofyan M. 
Published: July 2018

The Babahrot - Blangkejeren road of a segment is one of the most frequently affected by a landslide due to its location in the range of hills in Aceh Province. The road is the only one facilities to connect between both cities, and it is the only one to access for crop trading as well other plantation. The impact of landslide causes disconnection from Gayo Lues to South West Aceh or vice versa. Therefore, it is necessary to study the slope reinforcement at the bottom of the road construction with retaining wall counterfort type. This study aims to analyze slope stability by obtaining reasonable Safety Factor (SF). The method used is Fellenius Method and combining modeling using the Geoslope software. The Fellenius calculation employed static seismic load. Meanwhile, the Geoslope Program utilized either with or without static seismic load. The static analysis was carried out based on Indonesian Seismic Zone map (2004) for 50 years (coefficient 0.229). The scope of the analysis was a calculation of slope stability includes calculating slope stability on STA 13 + 885. The result of slope stability analysis on the existing using gdry and gwet with the Geo Slope software both without and by using static seismic load on STA 13+885 is unsafe. Thus, handling the existing is needed. The counterfort of retaining wall is considered to use for alternative slope stability construction. The result of slope stability analysis using Counterfort has safety factor greater than 1,5, if additional handling is done by changing slope angle lower than 20°.