bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Constraints on the Evolution of the Inner Northern Apennines by K‐Ar Dating of Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene Compression on the Island of Elba, Italy
Authors: Viola Giulio , Torgersen Espen , Mazzarini Francesco , Musumeci Giovanni , van der Lelij Roelant , Schönenberger Jasmin , Garofalo Paolo Stefano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Northern Apennines (NA) orogenic wedge formed during Oligocene‐Miocene convergence and westward subduction of Adria beneath the European Plate. Extension ensued in the Mid‐Late Miocene in response to Adria roll‐back, causing opening of the back‐arc Northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Whether extension continues uninterrupted since the Mid‐Late Miocene or it was punctuated by short‐lived compressional events, remains, however, uncertain. We used the K‐Ar method to date a set of brittle‐ductile and brittle deformation zones from the Island of Elba to contribute to this debate. We dated the low‐angle Zuccale Fault (ZF), the Capo Norsi‐Monte Arco Thrust (CN‐MAT), and the Calanchiole Shear Zone (CSZ). The CN‐MAT and CSZ are moderately west dipping, top‐to‐the‐east thrusts in the immediate footwall of the ZF. The CSZ slipped 6.14 ± 0.64 Ma (<0.1 μm fraction) and the CN‐MAT 4.90 ± 0.27 Ma ago (<0.4 μm fraction). The ZF, although cutting the two other faults, yielded an older age of 7.58 ± 0.11 Ma (<0.1 μm fraction). The ZF gouge, however, contains an illitic detrital contaminant from the Paleozoic age flysch deformed in its hanging wall and the age thus is a maximum faulting age. Removal of ~1% of a 300‐Ma‐old contaminant brings the ZF faulting age to <4.90 Ma. Our results provide the first direct dating of brittle deformation in the Apennines, constraining Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene regional compression. They call for a refinement of current NA geodynamic models in the framework of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea extension.
Bioinspired 3D structures with programmable morphologies and motions
Authors: Nojoomi Amirali , Arslan Hakan , Lee Kwan , Yum Kyungsuk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLiving organisms use spatially controlled expansion and contraction of soft tissues to achieve complex three-dimensional (3D) morphologies and movements and thereby functions. However, replicating such features in man-made materials remains a challenge. Here we report an approach that encodes 2D hydrogels with spatially and temporally controlled growth (expansion and contraction) to create 3D structures with programmed morphologies and motions. This approach uses temperature-responsive hydrogels with locally programmable degrees and rates of swelling and shrinking. This method simultaneously prints multiple 3D structures with custom design from a single precursor in a one-step process within 60 s. We suggest simple yet versatile design rules for creating complex 3D structures and a theoretical model for predicting their motions. We reveal that the spatially nonuniform rates of swelling and shrinking of growth-induced 3D structures determine their dynamic shape changes. We demonstrate shape-morphing 3D structures with diverse morphologies, including bioinspired structures with programmed sequential motions.
Draft genome sequence of first monocot-halophytic species Oryza coarctata reveals stress-specific genes
Authors: Mondal Tapan Kumar , Rawal Hukam Chand , Chowrasia Soni , Varshney Deepti , Panda Alok Kumar , Mazumdar Abhishek , Kaur Harmeet , Gaikwad Kishor , Sharma Tilak Raj , Singh Nagendra Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOryza coarctata (KKLL; 2n = 4x = 48, 665 Mb) also known as Porteresia coarctata is an extreme halophyte species of genus Oryza. Using Illumina and Nanopore reads, we achieved the assembled genome size of 569.9 Mb, accounting 85.69% of the estimated genome size with N50 of 1.85 Mb and 19.89% repetitive region. We also found 230,968 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 5,512 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The functional annotation of predicted 33,627 protein-coding genes and 4,916 transcription factors revealed that high salinity adaptation of this species is due to the exclusive or excessive presence of stress-specific genes as compared to rice. We have identified 8 homologs to salt-tolerant SOS1 genes, one of the three main components of salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal pathway. On the other hand, the phylogenetic analysis of the assembled chloroplast (134.75 kb) and mitochondrial genome (491.06 kb) favours the conservative nature of these organelle genomes within Oryza taxon.
A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis
Authors: Kuse N. , Fermann M. E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow phase noise frequency synthesizers are of paramount interest in many areas of micro-mm wave technology, encompassing for example advanced wireless communication, radar, radio-astronomy, and precision instrumentation. Although this broad research field is not bereft of methods for the generation of either low phase noise micro- or mm waves, no universal system applicable to low phase noise generation for micro and mm waves has yet been demonstrated. Here we propose a new photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer which is compatible with such an objective. The photonic frequency discriminator can be a reference both for micro and mm waves to lower their phase noise. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate a low phase noise tunable OEO (6–18 GHz) and locking of a heterodyne beat between two cw lasers (10–400 GHz) with low relative phase noise. The required components for the photonic frequency discriminator are off-the-shelf and can be readily assembled. We believe this new type of photonic frequency discriminator will enable a new generation of universal precision tunable sources for the X, K, V, W and mm-bands and beyond.
The acetylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at lysine 33 regulates kinase activity and neurite length in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Lee Juhyung , Ko Yeon Uk , Chung Yuhyun , Yun Nuri , Kim Myungjin , Kim Kyungjin , Oh Young J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a pivotal role in neural development and neurodegeneration. CDK5 activity can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which the acetylation of CDK5 at K33 (Ac-CDK5) results in the loss of ATP binding and impaired kinase activity. We identify GCN5 and SIRT1 as critical factor controlling Ac-CDK5 levels. Ac-CDK5 achieved its lowest levels in rat fetal brains but was dramatically increased during postnatal periods. Intriguingly, nuclear Ac-CDK5 levels negatively correlated with neurite length in embryonic hippocampal neurons. Either treatment with the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 or overexpression of SIRT1 leads to increases in neurite length, whereas SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or ectopic expression of acetyl-mimetic (K33Q) CDK5 induced the opposite effect. Furthermore, the expression of nuclear-targeted CDK5 K33Q abolished the SRT1720-induced neurite outgrowth, showing that SIRT1 positively regulates neurite outgrowth via deacetylation of nuclear CDK5. The CDK5 activity-dependent increase of neurite length was mediated by enhanced transcriptional regulation of BDNF via unknown mechanism(s). Our findings identify a novel mechanism by which acetylation-mediated regulation of nuclear CDK5 activity plays a critical role in determining neurite length in embryonic neurons.
Doxorubicin induces an extensive transcriptional and metabolic rewiring in yeast cells
Authors: Taymaz-Nikerel Hilal , Karabekmez Muhammed Erkan , Eraslan Serpil , Kırdar Betül 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDoxorubicin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs used against solid tumors in the treatment of several cancer types. Two different mechanisms, (i) intercalation of doxorubicin into DNA and inhibition of topoisomerase II leading to changes in chromatin structure, (ii) generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to biomolecules, have been proposed to explain the mode of action of this drug in cancer cells. A genome-wide integrative systems biology approach used in the present study to investigate the long-term effect of doxorubicin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells indicated the up-regulation of genes involved in response to oxidative stress as well as in Rad53 checkpoint sensing and signaling pathway. Modular analysis of the active sub-network has also revealed the induction of the genes significantly associated with nucleosome assembly/disassembly and DNA repair in response to doxorubicin. Furthermore, an extensive re-wiring of the metabolism was observed. In addition to glycolysis, and sulfate assimilation, several pathways related to ribosome biogenesis/translation, amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, de novo IMP biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism were significantly repressed. Pentose phosphate pathway, MAPK signaling pathway biological processes associated with meiosis and sporulation were found to be induced in response to long-term exposure to doxorubicin in yeast cells.
Polymer-Silica Hybrid On-Chip Amplifier with Vertical Pumping Method
Authors: Cao Yue , Lin Baizhu , Sun Yue , Yi Yunji , Liu Yijun , Zheng Jie , Wang Fei , Zhang Daming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article demonstrates a multilayer polymer-silica hybrid on-chip amplifier combining mode division multiplexing method. The multilayer amplifier consists of a pumping silica waveguide and an amplifying polymer waveguide. The pumping waveguide possesses the stability and the high damage threshold. The amplifying waveguide takes the advantages of the high compatibility and the high doping rate. The vertical pump of mode division multiplexing method can introduce the pumping light into the amplifying waveguide at any desired position of the chip. By the isolation method between signal and pumping light, the pumping light can be coupled into the amplifying waveguide, while the signal light cannot be coupled into the pumping waveguide. The parameters of doping rates, waveguide lengths, overlap factors, coupling parameters are calculated to optimize the gain characteristics of the amplifier. The amplifier with three position-optimized pumping light was designed achieving a maximum gain of 33.89 dB/cm with a waveguide length of 6 cm, a signal power of 0.1 mW and a pumping power of 300 mW. This polymer-silica hybrid amplifier is promising for the on-chip loss compensation of the 3D photonic integrated circuits and all optical transistors.
Increased Phosphaturia Accelerates The Decline in Renal Function: A Search for Mechanisms
Authors: Santamaría Rafael , Díaz-Tocados Juan M. , Pendón-Ruiz de Mier M. Victoria , Robles Ana , Salmerón-Rodríguez M. Dolores , Ruiz Erena , Vergara Noemi , Aguilera-Tejero Escolástico , Raya Ana , Ortega Rosa , Felsenfeld Arnold , Muñoz-Castañeda Juan R. , Martín-Malo Alejandro , Aljama Pedro , Rodríguez Mariano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), high serum phosphate concentration is associated with cardiovascular disease and deterioration in renal function. In early CKD, the serum phosphate concentration is normal due to increased fractional excretion of phosphate. Our premise was that high phosphate intake even in patients with early CKD would result in an excessive load of phosphate causing tubular injury and accelerating renal function deterioration. In CKD 2–3 patients, we evaluated whether increased phosphaturia accelerates CKD progression. To have a uniform group of patients with early CKD, 95 patients with metabolic syndrome without overt proteinuria were followed for 2.7 ± 1.6 years. The median decline in eGFR was 0.50 ml/min/1.73 m2/year. Patients with a more rapid decrease in eGFR had greater phosphaturia. Moreover, the rate of decrease in eGFR inversely correlated with the degree of phosphaturia. Additionally, phosphaturia independently predicted renal function deterioration. In heminephrectomized rats, a high phosphate diet increased phosphaturia resulting in renal tubular damage associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and low klotho expression. Moreover, in rats with hyperphosphatemia and metabolic syndrome antioxidant treatment resulted in attenuation of renal lesions. In HEK-293 cells, high phosphate promoted oxidative stress while melatonin administration reduced ROS generation. Our findings suggest that phosphate loading in early CKD, results in renal damage and a more rapid decrease in renal function due to renal tubular injury.
Mesenteric Panniculitis (MP): A Frequent Coincidental CT Finding of Debatable Clinical Significance
Authors: Gögebakan Özlem , Osterhoff Martin , Albrecht Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Background Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is histologically characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the adipose tissue of the intestinal mesentery with unclear etiology. MP occurs predominantly in men, mostly in mid to late adulthood. MP is typically found as an incidental diagnosis on abdominal CT.
Methods A comprehensive review of the literature including case reports and cohort studies was performed. Therefore, a global search in PubMed was carried out. Search terms were (and/or) “mesenteric panniculitis”, “panniculitis mesenterialis”, “mesenteric lymph nodes”, “CT”, “imaging”, “sclerosing mesenteritis”, “case report”, “therapy”.
Results and Conclusion MP is a relatively common CT finding. The true prevalence seems to be higher than the reported 0.6 % to 2.4 % due to underreporting. The most important differential diagnosis is malignant lymphoma, which may be difficult to distinguish from MP. The majority of patients with MP are clinically asymptomatic and do not require therapy. In rare symptomatic cases, non-specific symptoms like abdominal pain, fever, nausea or vomiting occur. For therapy, glucocorticoids and tamoxifen have been suggested. Several studies suggested that MP is associated with other diseases and might be a paraneoplastic phenomenon, but four recently published case-control studies suggest that MP is an independent non-specific benign age-related phenomenon. However, two further studies show a possible association of MP with malignant lymphoma. The clinical relevance of MP remains the subject of scientific debate.
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Effects of Backpack Load and Trekking Poles on Energy Expenditure During Field Track Walking
Authors: Brito João , Garrido Nuno , Romero Félix , de Araújo Junior Adenilson , Reis Victor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of the use of backpack load and trekking poles on field track walking energy expenditure. Twenty male volunteer pole walkers (age: 22.70±2.89 years; body mass: 77.90±11.19 kg; height: 1.77±0.06 m; percentage of body fat: 14.6±6.0%) walked at a self-selected pace on a pedestrian field track over a period of more than six months. Each subject was examined at random based on four walking conditions: non-poles and non-load, with poles and non-load, non-poles and with load, with poles and with load. Heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure were continuously recorded by a portable telemetric system. Non-load walking speed was lower during walking with poles when compared with no poles (p≤0.05). Oxygen uptake, energy expenditure and heart rate varied significantly across different conditions. Our results suggest that the use of trekking poles does not influence energy expenditure when walking without an additional load, but it can have an effect during backpack load walking. Moreover, our results indicate that the use of trekking poles may not be helpful to lower the exertion perceived by the subjects when walking with an additional load.
Insulintherapie im Alter
Authors: Grundke Susanne , Klement Andreas 
Published: September 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine effektive Verzahnung der Kooperation von Versorgungsebenen und Leistungserbringern hat zentrale Bedeutung für niedrige Hospitalisierungsraten sowie bedarfsgerechte medizinische und pflegerische Versorgung älterer insulinpflichtiger Typ-2-Diabetiker 1. Die zentralen Herausforderungen der berufsgruppenübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit bestehen darin, die Insulintherapie nicht nur an Stoffwechselzielen zu orientieren, sondern ebenso die Patientensicherheit, ökonomische Effizienz und individuelle Lebensqualitätsvorstellungen von Patienten und deren Angehörigen zu berücksichtigen 1–3.
Tiacumicin B: An Antibiotic of Prime Importance and a Natural Product with an Inspiring Complex Structure
Authors: Roulland Emmanuel 
Published: September 2018

This short review aims at decrypting and analyzing the various strategies used for the synthesis of tiacumicin B. Natural products synthesis is a way for organic chemists to express inventiveness, intellectual dexterity, and elegance in strategy of synthesis. Some molecular structures are more inspiring than others; and if like tiacumicin B, the architectural challenge meets high biological and medicinal interest, the molecule can then attract the attention of many groups of synthetic chemists.1	Introduction2	The Strategic Challenges of this Total Synthesis3	Construction of the C1–C5 Region4	Construction of the C14–C19 Region5	Construction of the C5–C12 Region6	Construction of the C12–C15 Diene Motif7	Macrocyclization8	Synthesis of the Rhamnosyl Donor9	Synthesis of the Noviosyl Donor and Glycosylation10	The Recurrent Problems Caused by Protective Groups11	Conclusion
Personalized Mobile Tool AskPCOS Delivering Evidence-Based Quality Information about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Xie Jue , Burstein Frada , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline , Garad Rhonda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most common endocrine condition affecting reproductive-aged women, studies have shown the information needs of PCOS consumers are not currently met. The expressed need by women with PCOS for accessible, evidence-based personalized PCOS information informed the design and development of the PCOS mobile tool—AskPCOS. The App provides a range of unique features such as: evidence-based PCOS health information, self-diagnostic function, a question prompt list to optimize health practitioner engagement, and a commonly asked questions list. A five-phase App development process involved extensive stakeholder consultation, system architecture design, development of the content repository, system prototyping, and evaluation. AskPCOS is the first evidence-based, consumer-driven mobile App developed by women and for women with PCOS and utilizes innovative technology to empower PCOS consumers and optimize health outcomes. The App content repository is enhanced by the best available evidence and expertise extracted from the International Evidence-Based Guideline in PCOS (2018). The AskPCOS App has extensive data capture capability through the usage of data gathering functions and backend analytics to optimize responsiveness to consumer needs. In addition, the multilingual content and not-for-profit cost model is designed to facilitate worldwide adoption of the tool, and address PCOS information inequities in developing countries.
Integrated Model of Care for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tay Chau , Moran Lisa , Wijeyaratne Chandrika , Redman Leanne , Norman Robert , Teede Helena , Joham Anju 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately one in seven women worldwide from early adulthood with heterogeneity in their healthcare needs through the life cycle. PCOS is challenging to diagnose and manage, with one-third of women reporting at least a 2-year delay in diagnosis. Current clinical services do not satisfactorily educate and support women with their diverse reproductive, metabolic, and psychological care needs with fragmentation of services across health providers. Women are dissatisfied with the care they received, while the first contact general practitioners often feel ill-equipped to diagnose and manage PCOS. Despite national evidence-based guidelines recommending integrated multidisciplinary services, guideline translation has been limited, with wide practice variation and no optimal models of care. Lifestyle management and psychological support are the cornerstones of care and health providers who most commonly manage PCOS (general practitioners, dermatologists, endocrinologists, and gynecologists) require appropriate resources and multidisciplinary support. An evidence-based patient-centered clinical model of care, codeveloped by consumers and health professionals that provides education and resources and offers multidisciplinary holistic care, is vital to support women with PCOS.
Strengthening mental health systems to respond to economic crises
Authors: McDaid D. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Mental health systems appear to be among the first casualties of an economic downturn. Growing global political and economic uncertainty in Europe and elsewhere may mean that the next major economic crisis is not far off. Objectives: This paper considers what mental health systems might do in future to more rapidly respond to the impacts of economic shocks, and reduce the risk and/or mitigate the impacts of poor mental health and deliberate self-harm. It concentrates on two areas of risk to mental health in times of economic shock, namely increasing job insecurity and changing employment conditions, as well as the impacts of unmanageable debt. Results: Addressing the psychological impacts of less job-security and of surviving a downsizing in the workplace may be just as important to mental health as unemployment in an economic crisis. There is also evidence that unmanageable debt is associated with poor mental health and risk of suicide and self-harm. Conclusions: Mental health systems need to develop plans for a rapid response to economic shocks, with a strong focus on a public health approach to mental health. Engaging and collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders, as well as secure budgets, will be imperative to effective implementation.
Paliperidonpalmitat in der Langzeittherapie der Schizophrenie
Authors: Volz H.-P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPaliperidon, ein aktiver Metabolit von Risperidon, der nahezu nicht weiter metabolisiert wird, ist ein Antipsychotikum der zweiten Generation, das vorwiegend als Dopamin-D2– und Serotonin-5HT2A-Blocker wirkt. Dieses Molekül steht zur oralen Anwendung seit vielen Jahren zur Verfügung. Zudem gibt es eine Depot-Formulierung (Paliperidonpalmitat), die in einmonatigem Abstand gluteal oder deltoidal injiziert wird (PP1M). Durch die Fortenwicklung steht nun sein einiger Zeit eine Depot-Formulierung zur Verfügung, bei der ein Drei-Monats-Injektionsintervall ausreichend ist (PP3M). In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften dieses Depots beschrieben und es wird auf die beiden zentralen Wirksamkeitsstudien eingegangen. Praktische Hinweise zur Eindosierung, zum Wechsel von PP1M auf PP3M und zur Langzeitbehandlung ergänzen die Arbeit.