bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of whole‐genome duplication events on diversification rates in angiosperms
Authors: Landis Jacob B. , Soltis Douglas E. , Li Zheng , Marx Hannah E. , Barker Michael S. , Tank David C. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyPolyploidy or whole‐genome duplication (WGD) pervades the evolutionary history of angiosperms. Despite extensive progress in our understanding of WGD, the role of these events in promoting diversification is still not well understood. We seek to clarify the possible association between WGD and diversification rates in flowering plants.MethodsUsing a previously published phylogeny spanning all land plants (31,749 tips) and WGD events inferred from analyses of the 1000 Plants (1KP) transcriptome data, we analyzed the association of WGDs and diversification rates following numerous WGD events across the angiosperms. We used a stepwise AIC approach (MEDUSA), a Bayesian mixture model approach (BAMM), and state‐dependent diversification analyses (MuSSE) to investigate patterns of diversification. Sister‐clade comparisons were used to investigate species richness after WGDs.Key ResultsBased on the density of 1KP taxon sampling, 106 WGDs were unambiguously placed on the angiosperm phylogeny. We identified 334–530 shifts in diversification rates. We found that 61 WGD events were tightly linked to changes in diversification rates, and state‐dependent diversification analyses indicated higher speciation rates for subsequent rounds of WGD. Additionally, 70 of 99 WGD events showed an increase in species richness compared to the sister clade.ConclusionsForty‐six of the 106 WGDs analyzed appear to be closely associated with upshifts in the rate of diversification in angiosperms. Shifts in diversification do not appear more likely than random within a four‐node lag phase following a WGD; however, younger WGD events are more likely to be followed by an upshift in diversification than older WGD events.
Ru3(CO)12‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of C−H Bonds by Triazole‐Directed C−H Activation
Authors: Haito Akira , Yamaguchi Mao , Chatani Naoto 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Ru‐catalyzed carbonylation of C−H bonds directed by a triazole ring is reported. The reaction involves a three‐component coupling reaction of a C−H bond, carbon monoxide (CO), and ethylene, leading to the production of a ketone as the carbonylation product.
Development of 26 microsatellite markers in Bupleurum latissimum (Apiaceae), an endangered plant endemic to Ulleung Island, Korea
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hyun , Yoon Chang Young , Han Eun‐Kyeong , Kim Joo‐Hwan 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyTo enhance our understanding of evolutionary consequences and to establish a suitable conservation strategy, we isolated microsatellite markers for the endangered Bupleurum latissimum (Apiaceae), which is endemic to the oceanic Ulleung Island. We also attempted cross‐amplification in B. euphorbioides and B. longeradiatum to investigate its continental progenitors.Methods and ResultsUsing high‐throughput sequencing data, we developed 26 polymorphic microsatellite loci in three multiplexes, of which 13 loci were polymorphic in the two related species. For B. latissimum, alleles numbered two to four and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.500 and 0.061 to 0.529, respectively.ConclusionsThese developed markers will be useful for understanding evolutionary patterns of B. latissimum in an oceanic island system and for establishing suitable conservation strategies at the genetic level.
An integrated course based on two dimensional‐electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis to teach proteomic techniques for undergraduate students
Authors: Sha Shanshan , Jia Liqiu , Xin Yi , Yao Weili , Ma Yufang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we developed an integrated course based on two dimensional‐electrophoresis and spectrometry mass (2DE‐MS) technique for undergraduate students to help them learn proteomic techniques. The soluble proteins in wild type and gene knockout bacteria were separated by 2DE and the differently expressed proteins were identified by MS analysis. The proteomic data was finally confirmed by RT‐PCR detection. The separated experiments of 2DE, MS, RNA isolation, RT‐PCR, as well as essential bioinformatic analysis, were integrated into a one‐week course, which provided students an opportunity to systematically understand the proteomic techniques and their applications in current scientific research. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:354–360, 2018.
Tetracarboxylate Bis‐Bipyridine Ruthenium Dyes: Synthesis, Structural and Electronic Characterisation
Authors: Woodward Clint P. , Rüther Thomas , Coghlan Campbell J. , Jones Timothy W. , Hebting Yanek , Cordiner Richard L. , Dawson Ryan E. , Robinson Diane E. J. E. , Forsyth Craig M. , Wilson Gregory J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe preparation of ruthenium complexes with novel 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) ligands bearing four carboxylic acid groups was investigated with a view to creating dyes containing more than two potential anchoring groups per bpy unit for attachment to a titania surface. Synthetic challenges are encountered upon using the 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand because it readily decarboxylates. The use of the methyl esterified derivative (3) proved to be more successful for complex preparation, with a robust preparation of the [Ru(3)2Cl2] complex identified with diglyme as the solvent. This complex was further converted into the thiocyanato complex, [Ru(3)2(NCS)2], which could not be completely de‐esterified. X‐ray analysis of crystals obtained from a mixture of isomers for this complex provided data for the S,S‐ and N,S‐coordinated isomers; both showed a twisted arrangement of the pyridine rings in the 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand, owing to steric hinderance. Conversely, the isosteric 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid ligand was easily converted into the desired [Ru(2)2(NCS)2] complex through a standard one‐pot procedure in N,N‐dimethylformamide solvent. All of the complexes presented herein exhibit a significant redshift for the metal to ligand charge‐transfer bands, relative to the benchmark ruthenium dye N719 and derivatives thereof. All complexes exhibit a quasi‐reversible process for the ruthenium(II/III) couple at approximately 0.4 V versus the ferrocene couple, comparable to analogous ruthenium dyes.
Insights into Selective Gas Sorbent Functionality Gained by Using Time‐Resolved Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Auckett Josie E. , Duyker Samuel G. , Turner David R. , Batten Stuart R. , Peterson Vanessa K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn understanding of the atomic‐scale interactions between gas sorbent materials and their molecular guests is essential for the identification of the origins of desirable function and the rational optimization of performance. However, characterizations performed on equilibrated sorbent–guest systems may not accurately represent their behavior under dynamic operating conditions. The emergence of fast (minute‐scale) neutron powder diffraction coupled with direct, real‐time quantification of gas uptake opens up new possibilities for obtaining knowledge about concentration‐dependent effects of guest loading upon function‐critical features of sorbent materials, including atomic structure, diffusion pathways, and thermal expansion of the sorbent framework. This article presents a detailed investigation of the ultramicroporous metal–organic framework [Cu3(cdm)4] as a case study to demonstrate the variety of insights into sorbent performance that can be obtained from real‐time characterizations using neutron diffraction.
An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Electropolymerization of ß‐Cyclodextrin and Reduced Graphene Oxide on a Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Neonicotinoids
Authors: Oliveira Ana Elisa Ferreira , Bettio Guilherme Braga , Pereira Arnaldo César 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor of glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and β‐cyclodextrin (GCE/rGO/β‐CD) was developed as an effective alternative in the determination of neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, in honey samples. The peak current variation obtained with the proposed sensor was higher compared to the bare GCE in all the analytes. In the determination of imidacloprid the response increased by 1300 %, clothianidin by 670 % and thiametoxam by 630 %. In addition, the optimization of the experimental conditions provided the construction of a sensor with greater sensitivity. The study of interferers showed that inorganic ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, K+, Na+, e NH4+) and other insecticides (acetamiprid and dinotefuran) did not influence the reduction of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam. The determination of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam in honey samples exhibited recovery values within the EPA range (between 107.75 and 116 %). In conclusion, the developed sensor GCE/rGO/β‐CD proved to be an effective alternative in the determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey samples.
Accessing diverse knowledge for problem solving in the MNC: A network mobilization perspective
Authors: Parker Andrew , Tippmann Esther , Kratochvil Renate 
Published: May 2018

Research Summary: The fundamental challenge of problem solving is synthesizing diverse knowledge for solution development. This article addresses the trade‐off betweenknowledge diversity, that is, approaching the most relevant individual to maximize the likelihood that he/she possesses diverse knowledge and theability to access, that is, recognize and assimilate this knowledge. We examine this trade‐off in relation to managers in subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) and two types of diverse knowledge—novel knowledge and specialist expertise. We use a network mobilization perspective and arguments on network range within and across organizational boundaries, testing our hypotheses on a dataset of 838 ties from 120 managers leading problem‐solving projects. Our study offers implications for the knowledge‐based view of the MNC as well as the problem‐solving perspective in strategy.Managerial Summary: We examine where managers in subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) access diverse knowledge to solve nonroutine problems. This is underpinned by a trade‐off. To increase chances that the other person holds diverse knowledge, they may reach far in terms of approaching an individual in a different work context; but such far reach diminishes their ability to integrate this knowledge. We resolve this trade‐off. We find that approaching individuals from an MNC unit in another country location but from the same function increases the likelihood of accessing novel knowledge; whereas accessing specialist expertise is more likely achieved by approaching an MNC colleague from another function located in another country and someone working for an external organization. Overall, we provide insights for problem solvers in organizations.
Information, education, and health behaviors: Evidence from the MMR vaccine autism controversy
Authors: Chang Lenisa V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the wake of strong, although later refuted, claims of a link between autism and the measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR) vaccine, I examine whether fewer parents immunized or delayed vaccinations for their children and if there was a differential response by mother's education level. Using various controls and a differencing strategy that compares in MMR take‐up with other vaccines, I find that the MMR–autism controversy led to a decline in the immediate years and that there were negative spillovers onto other vaccines. I also find evidence that more highly educated mothers responded more strongly to the controversy either by not immunizing their children altogether or, to a lesser degree, delaying vaccination. Moreover, the educational gap was greater in states where there was greater media attention devoted to the controversy. This is consistent with the health allocative efficiency hypothesis whereby part of the education gradient in health outcomes is due to more‐educated individuals absorbing and responding to health information more quickly. However, unlike in the United Kingdom, where previous studies find that the gap was eliminated after the link was refuted, the evidence for the United States suggests that the educational gap persisted.
Three‐dimensional printed polycaprolactone‐microcrystalline cellulose scaffolds
Authors: Alemán‐Domínguez Maria Elena , Giusto Elena , Ortega Zaida , Tamaddon Maryam , Benítez Antonio Nizardo , Liu Chaozong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrocrystalline cellulose (MCC) is proposed in this study as an additive in polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices to obtain three‐dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds with improved mechanical and biological properties. Improving the mechanical behavior and the biological performance of polycaprolactone‐based scaffolds allows to increase the potential of these structures for bone tissue engineering. Different groups of samples were evaluated in order to analyze the effect of the additive in the properties of the PCL matrix. The concentrations of MCC in the groups of samples were 0, 2, 5, and 10% (w/w). These combinations were subjected to a thermogravimetric analysis in order to evaluate the influence of the additive in the thermal properties of the composites. 3D printed scaffolds were manufactured with a commercial 3D printer based on fused deposition modelling. The operation conditions have been established in order to obtain scaffolds with a 0/90° pattern with pore sizes between 450 and 500 µm and porosity values between 50 and 60%. The mechanical properties of these structures were measured in the compression and flexural modes. The scaffolds containing 2 and 5% MCC have higher flexural and compression elastic modulus, although those containing 10% do not show this reinforcement effect. On the other hand, the proliferation of sheep bone marrow cells on the proposed scaffolds was evaluated over 8 days. The results show that the proliferation is significantly better (p < 0.05) on the group of samples containing 2% MCC. Therefore, these scaffolds (PCL:MCC 98:2) have suitable properties to be further evaluated for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 521–528, 2019.
On the edge spectrum of saturated graphs for paths and stars
Authors: Balister Paul , Dogan Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor a given graph H, we say that a graph G on n vertices is H‐saturated if H is not a subgraph of G, but for any edge the graph contains a subgraph isomorphic to H. The set of all values m for which there exists an H‐saturated graph on n vertices and m edges is called the edge spectrum for H‐saturated graphs. In the present article, we study the edge spectrum for H‐saturated graphs when H is a path or a star. In particular, we show that the edge spectrum for star‐saturated graphs consists of all integers between the saturation number and extremal number, and the edge spectrum of path‐saturated graphs includes all integers from the saturation number to slightly below the extremal number, but in general will include gaps just below the extremal number. We also investigate the second largest ‐saturated graphs as well as some structural results about path‐saturated graphs that have edge counts close to the extremal number.
Resolution of HBV infection occurs sooner than recovery of renal disease in adult serum HBsAg‐negative HBV–associated glomerulonephritis
Authors: Xu MD Fang , Wang MD Chong , Shi MD Xiaoju , Hou MD Jie , Guo MD Xiaolin , Gao MD Pujun 
Published: May 2018

Most cases of hepatitis B virus–associated glomerulonephritis (HBV‐GN) occur in children and present with serum HBsAg positivity. Few studies have investigated adult patients with HBV‐GN who are serum HBsAg‐negative. This study aimed to determine the clinical and pathological features of adult patients with HBV‐GN who are serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative. Clinical, pathologic, and laboratory findings were collected and analyzed in a cohort of 27 adult patients with HBV‐GN who were serum HBsAg‐negative upon diagnosis. The study population included mostly men of middle age (40‐59 years). Clinically, patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Serum immunoglobulin G levels were low, whereas serum immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, complement C3 (C3), and complement C4 (C4) levels as well as liver and renal function tests were normal in most or all patients. Among the 27 patients, 21 tested positive for HBV antibodies. Membranous nephropathy was the dominant pathological form on kidney biopsy. In addition, only a few patients showed a “full house” staining pattern and renal immune deposit of complement C1q (C1q). Serum HBsAg‐negative HBV‐GN may represent a late stage of HBV infection. We recommend routine testing for HBV markers on renal biopsy in regions where HBV is prevalent, even when tests for serum HBV markers are negative.
Rotavirus and norovirus in children with severe diarrhea in Burkina Faso before rotavirus vaccine introduction
Authors: Bonkoungou Isidore Juste O. , Ouédraogo Nafissatou , Tamini Laure , Teguera Rabieta Kouboura , Yaméogo Pouiré , Drabo Maxime Koiné , Medah Isaïe , Barro Nicolas , Sharma Sumit , Svensson Lennart , Nordgren Johan 
Published: May 2018

Burkina Faso introduced rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) to the national immunization program in November 2013. This study describes the detection rates, clinical profiles, and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus (NoV) infections among children <5 years hospitalized (n = 154) because of acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from December 2012 to November 2013, just before the start of vaccination. Overall, 44% and 23% of fecal samples were positive for rotavirus and NoV, respectively, most of them detected during the cold dry season (December‐March). The predominant G/P combinations were G12P[8] (47%) and G6P[6] (30%). G2P[4] (n = 3), G12P[6] (n = 3), and G6P[8] (n = 1) were also detected. Nearly all (94%) successfully genotyped NoV strains belonged to genotype GII.4. The predominance of rotavirus and NoV was noteworthy in the age group ≤6 months, with 67% rotavirus and 22% NoV, respectively. Vomiting was significantly more common among rotavirus‐infected children. To conclude, this study shows high detection rates of both rotavirus and NoV in children with severe diarrhea in Burkina Faso just before the introduction of rotavirus group A vaccination. The results can be used for estimating the impact of rotavirus group A vaccination, which started in the end of 2013. Furthermore, this study shows that the G6P[6] rotavirus strains emerging in Burkina Faso in 2010 is now established as a regionally important genotype.
Polarization Singularity Explosions in Tailored Light Fields
Authors: Otte Eileen , Alpmann Christina , Denz Cornelia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractComplex propagation dynamics of higher‐order polarization singularities are investigated within tailored Poincaré beams. Spatial polarization modulation and additional phase vortices of higher strength are combined, evoking polarization singularity splitting, type conversion, creation and annihilation. These phenomena form singularity “explosions” along their longitudinal evolution. These dynamics of propagating customized light fields and embedded singularities are analyzed experimentally and numerically. Furthermore, similarities of polarization singularity explosion and phase vortex unfolding are discussed, exploring fundamental propagation and spatio‐temporal interaction properties of optical singularities.
Recurrence and non‐ergodicity in generalized wind‐tree models
Authors: Frączek Krzysztof , Hubert Pascal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider generalized wind‐tree models and ‐covers over compact translation surfaces. Under suitable hypothesis, we prove the recurrence of the linear flow in a generic direction and the non‐ergodicity of Lebesgue measure.
Heart failure and sudden cardiac death in heritable thoracic aortic disease caused by pathogenic variants in the SMAD3 gene
Authors: Backer Julie De , Braverman Alan C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPredominant cardiovascular manifestations in the spectrum of Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease include by default aortic root aneurysms‐ and dissections, which may be associated with aortic valve disease. Mitral‐ and tricuspid valve prolapse are other commonly recognized features. Myocardial disease, characterized by heart failure and/or malignant arrhythmias has been reported in humans and in animal models harboring pathogenic variants in the Fibrillin1 gene.MethodsDescription of clinical history of three cases from one family in Ghent (Belgium) and one family in St. Louis (US).ResultsWe report on three cases from two families presenting end‐stage heart failure (in two) and lethal arrhythmias associated with moderate left ventricular dilatation (in one). All three cases harbor a pathogenic variant in the SMAD3 gene, known to cause aneurysm osteoarthritis syndrome, Loeys‐Dietz syndrome type 3 or isolated Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease.ConclusionsThese unusual presentations warrant awareness for myocardial disease in patients harboring pathogenic variants in genes causing Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease and indicate the need for prospective studies in larger cohorts.
Tobacco Capitalism, an Afterword: Open Letters and Open Wounds in Anthropology
Authors: Benson Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis open letter to a North Carolina tobacco grower reflects on important ethical, methodological, and political issues in ethnography. Addressing the informant in the modes of apologetic and confessional discourse, critical self‐reflection, and reparative work, this letter offers reflexive thoughts on inevitabilities of friendship and intimacy in ethnography and analytical insights into the possibilities and pitfalls of politically‐motivated anthropological scholarship on sensitive issues of culture and power, as informants critically read and rebuke publications. This letter is also an effort to humbly reconnect with an estranged informant across an intensely divided America.
Glukoseverstärkte Magnetresonanz
Authors: Paech Daniel , Schünke Patrick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUm zu ermitteln, wie groß Tumore sind und wie sie sich im umliegenden Gewebe ausgebreitet haben, nutzen Mediziner bisher Diagnostikverfahren, bei denen dem Patienten Kontrastmittel verabreicht wird oder er Strahlung ausgesetzt wird. Das könnte sich nun ändern.
Die erste Rostocker Absolventin der Chemie
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Peppel Tim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractErst seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts dürfen sich Frauen in Deutschland offiziell an Universitäten immatrikulieren. Vorher gab es nur den Weg als Gasthörerin, den auch die Berlinerin Else Hirschberg beschritt. Ihr weiteres Schicksal steht zudem exemplarisch für das jüdischer Wissenschaftler in Deutschland.
Winterschule für Katalyseforscher in Heidelberg
Authors: Hermsen Marko 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIm Februar fand die elfte Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Winter School am Deutsch‐Amerikanischen Institut in Heidelberg statt. Auf der einwöchigen, von der BASF finanzierten Veranstaltung tauschten sich 40 Doktoranden und Postdocs aus aller Welt mit neun Professoren und Forschern der BASF über homogene Katalyse und organische Synthese aus. Organisatoren der Konferenz sind die Leiter des Katalyseforschunglabors Thomas Schaub (BASF) und A. Stephen K. Hashmi (Universität Heidelberg). Die Universität Heidelberg und die BASF gründeten das Kooperationsprojekt im Jahr 2006; es soll für die Industrie relevante Forschung der homogenen Katalyse vorantreiben.