bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of the Perthiatriarylmethyl Radical and Its Dendritic Derivatives with High Sensitivity and Selectivity to Superoxide Radical
Authors: Tan Xiaoli , Tao Shanqing , Liu Wenbo , Rockenbauer Antal , Villamena Frederick A. , Zweier Jay L. , Song Yuguang , Liu Yangping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yuguang Song and Yangping Liu at Tianjin Medical University. The image depicts the dendritic derivatives of a highly symmetric perthiatriarylmethyl radical with high selectivity and sensitivity to the superoxide radical. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201800134.
Yamamoto Coupling for the Synthesis of Benzophenes and Acene‐Based Cyclooctatetraenes
Authors: Rüdiger Elias C. , Koser Silke , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo TIPS‐ethynylated dibromoacenes were used in a shotgun Yamamoto‐reaction with 1,2‐dibromobenzene or 4,5‐dibromoveratrol. Four soluble benzononaphenes/benzoundecaphenes were isolated in satisfactory yields. Examples of tetracene‐ and pentacene‐fused tetrabenzocyclooctatetraenes also isolated from this reaction are reported. All compounds were characterized by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray crystallography as well as DFT and NICS calculations.
Switchable Synthesis of Z‐Homoallylic Boronates and E‐Allylic Boronates by Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed 1,6‐Boration
Authors: Luo Yunfei , Wales Steven M. , Korkis Stamatis E. , Roy Iain D. , Lewis William , Lam Hon Wai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe enantioselective Cu‐catalyzed 1,6‐boration of (E,E)‐α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones is described, which gives homoallylic boronates with high enantiomeric purity and unexpectedly high Z‐selectivity. By changing the solvent, the outcome can be altered to give E‐allylic boronates.
An elegant Variation to visualize latent Fingerprints with Iodine
Authors: Rubner Isabelle , Jonas Albert , Fischer Rachel , Oetken Marco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDie forensische Chemie bietet eine gute Möglichkeit klassische Themen des Chemieunterrichts in einen motivierenden und spannenden Kontext zu verankern. Latente Fingerabdrücke werden unter anderem durch die Iod‐Methode visualisiert, die allerdings ein geschlossenes Untersuchungssystem erfordert. Eine einfache und kostengünstige Variante, dies mit medizintechnischen Materialien im Klassenzimmer durchzuführen, stellen wir hier im Experiment vor.
Perceptions of risk of infertility among male survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Gilleland Marchak Jordan , Seidel Kristy D. , Mertens Ann C. , Ritenour Chad W.M. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Leisenring Wendy M. , Sklar Charles A. , Ford Jennifer S. , Krull Kevin R. , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Meacham Lillian R. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to characterize and identify factors associated with perceptions of risk of infertility among adult male survivors of childhood cancer.METHODSA total of 1233 adult male survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who were without a history of disease recurrence or subsequent malignancy reported their perceptions of their risk of infertility compared with men never diagnosed with cancer. Survivors were a median age of 37.8 years (range, 22.0‐58.7 years) and were 28.4 years from their diagnosis (range, 21.4‐39.2 years). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated factors associated with perceptions of risk.RESULTSOverall, 35.9% of the survivors (443 of 1233 survivors) reported perceptions of their risk of infertility that were discordant with their actual risk based on previous cancer treatment exposures. Discordant perceptions were equally common among men exposed to gonadotoxic therapies (36.3%; 311 of 857 men) and those with no history of gonadotoxic exposure (35.1%; 132 of 376 men). Survivors who fathered children (odds ratio [OR], 4.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.74‐6.24), had no survivor‐focused health care (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.57‐5.99), were nonwhite (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.10‐4.75), and were of lower income were more likely to report no increased risk of infertility after gonadotoxic treatment. Perceptions of increased risk of infertility among men with no history of gonadotoxic treatment were predicted by never having fathered a child (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17‐3.03), recent participation in survivor‐focused health care (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.01‐4.42), and higher educational achievement.CONCLUSIONSMany male survivors of childhood cancer are unaware of how their cancer treatments could impact their reproductive health, underscoring the need for all patients to receive education regarding their risk of infertility throughout the continuum of cancer care. Cancer 2018;124:2447‐55. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
One year of experience using the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology
Authors: Meilleroux Julie , Daniel Gwendoline , Aziza Jacqueline , d'Aure Dominique M. , Quintyn‐Ranty Marie‐Laure , Basset Céline ML. , Evrard Solène M. , Courtade‐Saidi Monique M. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was published in November 2015. It focuses on the diagnosis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and provides criteria with which to define the category of atypical urothelial cells (AUC). The objective of the current study was to compare two 1‐year consecutive periods before and after use of TPS.METHODSA total of 1634 and 1814 urine cytology cases, respectively, were analyzed before and after use of TPS. Histological diagnosis within 6 months was available for 330 and 299 cases, respectively.RESULTSAfter use of TPS, the authors reported significantly fewer low‐grade urothelial neoplasms (0.94% vs 1.84%; P<.05) and more cases that were suspicious for HGUC (2.09% vs 0.73%; P<.01) compared with before use of TPS. For the AUC category, there was no significant change in frequency noted for before versus after TPS (6.12% vs 5.18%), whereas the rate of detection of HGUC on histology significantly increased after TPS when compared with before TPS (49.02% vs 28.17%; P<.02). For the HGUC category, neither the frequency (4.69% vs 4.47%) nor the risk of malignancy (89.39% vs 91.04% with HGUC on histology) were found to be significantly different when comparing before and after use of TPS.CONCLUSIONSIn the authors' practice, TPS helped to better characterize the categories of AUC, low‐grade urothelial neoplasm, and suspicious for HGUC, which were associated with a higher risk of HGUC compared with the authors' previous classification. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:430‐6. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Sushi repeat‐containing protein X‐linked 2: A novel phylogenetically conserved hypothalamo‐pituitary protein
Authors: Anwer Mehwish , Bolkvadze Tamuna , Ndode‐Ekane Xavier Ekolle , Puhakka Noora , Rauramaa Tuomas , Leinonen Ville , van Vliet Erwin A. , Swaab Dick F. , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Leskelä Stina , Bister Nea , Malm Tarja , Carlson Synnöve , Aronica Eleonora , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSushi repeat‐containing protein X‐linked 2 (SRPX2) is a novel protein associated with language development, synaptic plasticity, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. We investigated the expression and spatial localization of SRPX2 in normal mouse, rat, monkey, and human brain using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Antibody specificity was determined using in vitro siRNA based silencing of SRPX2. Cell type‐specific expression was verified by double‐labeling with oxytocin or vasopressin. Western blot was used to detect SRPX2 protein in rat and human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Unexpectedly, SRPX2 mRNA expression levels were strikingly higher in the hypothalamus as compared to the cortex. All SRPX2 immunoreactive (ir) neurons were localized in the hypothalamic paraventricular, periventricular, and supraoptic nuclei in mouse, rat, monkey, and human brain. SRPX2 colocalized with vasopressin or oxytocin in paraventricular and supraoptic neurons. Hypothalamic SRPX2‐ir positive neurons gave origin to dense projections traveling ventrally and caudally toward the hypophysis. Intense axonal varicosities and terminal arborizations were identified in the rat and human neurohypophysis. SRPX2‐ir cells were also found in the adenohypophysis. Light SRPX2‐ir projections were observed in the dorsal and ventral raphe, locus coeruleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract in mouse, rat and monkey. SRPX2 protein was also detected in plasma and CSF. Our data revealed intense phylogenetically conserved expression of SRPX2 protein in distinct hypothalamic nuclei and the hypophysis, suggesting its active role in the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis. The presence of SRPX2 protein in the plasma and CSF suggests that some of its functions depend on secretion into body fluids.
Morphological heterogeneity among corticogeniculate neurons in ferrets: quantification and comparison with a previous report in macaque monkeys
Authors: Hasse J. Michael , Bragg Elise M. , Murphy Allison J. , Briggs Farran 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe corticogeniculate (CG) pathway links the visual cortex with the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and is the first feedback connection in the mammalian visual system. Whether functional connections between CG neurons and LGN relay neurons obey or ignore the separation of feedforward visual signals into parallel processing streams is not known. Accordingly, there is some debate about whether CG neurons are morphologically heterogeneous or homogenous. Here we characterized the morphology of CG neurons in the ferret, a visual carnivore with distinct feedforward parallel processing streams, and compared the morphology of ferret CG neurons with CG neuronal morphology previously described in macaque monkeys [Briggs et al. (2016) Neuron, 90, 388]. We used a G‐deleted rabies virus as a retrograde tracer to label CG neurons in adult ferrets. We then reconstructed complete dendritic morphologies for a large sample of virus‐labeled CG neurons. Quantification of CG morphology revealed three distinct CG neuronal subtypes with striking similarities to the CG neuronal subtypes observed in macaques. These findings suggest that CG neurons may be morphologically diverse in a variety of highly visual mammals in which feedforward visual pathways are organized into parallel processing streams. Accordingly, these results provide support for the notion that CG feedback is functionally parallel stream‐specific in ferrets and macaques.
Cortical connections of area 2 and posterior parietal area 5 in macaque monkeys
Authors: Padberg Jeffrey , Cooke Dylan F. , Cerkevich Christina M. , Kaas Jon H. , Krubitzer Leah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe overarching goal of the current investigation was to examine the connections of anterior parietal area 2 and the medial portion of posterior parietal area 5 in macaque monkeys; two areas that are part of a network involved reaching and grasping in primates. We injected neuroanatomical tracers into specified locations in each field and directly related labeled cells to histologically identified cortical field boundaries. Labeled cells were counted so that the relative density of projections to areas 2 and 5 from other cortical fields could be determined. Projections to area 2 were restricted and were predominantly from other somatosensory areas of the anterior parietal cortex (areas 1, 3b, and 3a), the second somatosensory area (S2), and from medial and lateral portions of area 5 (5M and 5L respectively). On the other hand, area 5M had very broadly distributed projections from a number of cortical areas including anterior parietal areas, from primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA), cortex on the medial wall, and from posterior parietal areas 5L and 7b. The more restricted pattern of connections of area 2 indicates that it processes somatic inputs locally and provides proprioceptive information to area 5M. 5M, which at least partially overlaps with functionally defined area MIP, receives inputs from somatosensory (predominantly from area 2), posterior parietal and motor cortex, which could provide the substrate for representing multiple coordinate systems necessary for planning ethologically relevant movements, particularly those involving the hand.
Morphological and functional changes in TRPM8‐expressing corneal cold thermoreceptor neurons during aging and their impact on tearing in mice
Authors: Alcalde Ignacio , Íñigo‐Portugués Almudena , González‐González Omar , Almaraz Laura , Artime Enol , Morenilla‐Palao Cruz , Gallar Juana , Viana Félix , Merayo‐Lloves Jesús , Belmonte Carlos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMorphological and functional alterations of peripheral somatosensory neurons during the aging process lead to a decline of somatosensory perception. Here, we analyze the changes occurring with aging in trigeminal ganglion (TG), TRPM8‐expressing cold thermoreceptor neurons innervating the mouse cornea, which participate in the regulation of basal tearing and blinking and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). TG cell bodies and axonal branches were examined in a mouse line (TRPM8BAC‐EYFP) expressing a fluorescent reporter. In 3 months old animals, about 50% of TG cold thermoreceptor neurons were intensely fluorescent, likely providing strongly fluorescent axons and complex corneal nerve terminals with ongoing activity at 34°C and low‐threshold, robust responses to cooling. The remaining TRPM8+ corneal axons were weakly fluorescent with nonbeaded axons, sparsely ramified nerve terminals, and exhibited a low‐firing rate at 34°C, responding moderately to cooling pulses as do weakly fluorescent TG neurons. In aged (24 months) mice, the number of weakly fluorescent TG neurons was strikingly high while the morphology of TRPM8+ corneal axons changed drastically; 89% were weakly fluorescent, unbranched, and often ending in the basal epithelium. Functionally, 72.5% of aged cold terminals responded as those of young animals, but 27.5% exhibited very low‐background activity and abnormal responsiveness to cooling pulses. These morpho‐functional changes develop in parallel with an enhancement of tear's basal flow and osmolarity, suggesting that the aberrant sensory inflow to the brain from impaired peripheral cold thermoreceptors contributes to age‐induced abnormal tearing and to the high incidence of DED in elderly people.
White‐light‐emitting NaYF4 Nanoplatform for NIR Upconversion‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging
Authors: Kumar Balmiki , Rathnam V. S. Sharan , Kundu Subhankar , Saxena Nainsi , Banerjee Indranil , Giri Supratim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGenerating intense upconversion photoluminescence from a single‐phase nanocrystal is a fundamental problem. Herein, we report engineered NaYF4 nanocrystals capable of converting NIR (980 nm) excitation into sharp and diverse emissions in the UV‐Vis‐NIR regions, which is desirable for triggering multiple photoactive agents for enhanced photo‐theranostics. This unique emission profile is used for NIR‐induced photo‐theranostic applications by developing a nanoplatform with a white‐emitting NaYF4 (WEN) core, with comparable blue, green and red emissions, and a mesoporous silica shell decorated with two different photosensitizers (PSs), Rose Bengal (hydrophilic) and zinc(II)phthalocyanine (hydrophobic) to utilize green and red emissions, respectively. A chemical assay demonstrates efficient generation of 1O2 under NIR excitation by the dual PS nanoplatform compared to the conventional systems. Furthermore, NIR‐induced ROS generation leads to the enhanced photodynamic destruction of cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro. The white light from the nanoplatform is also utilized in cellular bioimaging. Unlike the previously reported upconversion probes, which required sophisticated imaging setups, the high intensity white light emission from this nanoplatform allows the probing of animal cells by a digital camera attached externally to an optical microscope. This is the first report on the theranostic application of a white‐light‐emitting photoluminescent nanomaterial.
On the Location of Maxima of Solutions of Schrödinger's Equation
Authors: Rachh Manas , Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe prove an inequality with applications to solutions of the Schrödinger equation. There is a universal constant c > 0 such that if is simply connected, vanishes on the boundary ∂Ω, and |u| assumes a maximum in , then

urn:x-wiley:00103640:media:cpa21753:cpa21753-math-0004
It was conjectured by Pólya and Szegő (and proven, independently, by Makai and Hayman) that a membrane vibrating at frequency λ contains a disk of size . Our inequality implies a refined result: the point on the membrane that achieves the maximal amplitude is at distance from the boundary. We also give an extension to higher dimensions (generalizing results of Lieb and of Georgiev and Mukherjee): if u solves on with Dirichlet boundary conditions, then the ball B with radius centered at the point in which |u| assumes a maximum is almost fully contained in Ω in the sense that © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single and Repeated Doses of Mirogabalin in Healthy Asian Volunteers
Authors: Jansen Mendel , Warrington Steven , Dishy Victor , Ohwada Shoichi , Johnson Lisa , Brown Karen , Ishizuka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMirogabalin is a novel, preferentially selective α2δ‐1 ligand under investigation to treat neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of various doses of mirogabalin in healthy subjects of different ethnicities. This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, sequential, ascending‐dose study evaluated single (10‐40 mg) and repeated (10, 15 mg twice a day) doses of mirogabalin in Japanese subjects, and a single dose of mirogabalin in Korean, Chinese, and white subjects. Mirogabalin was rapidly absorbed, with a median time to maximum plasma concentration of 1 hour, and rapidly eliminated, with a mean elimination half‐life of 2 to 3 hours. Single‐dose mirogabalin pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable between Asian and white subjects. Exposure increased proportionally as mirogabalin dose increased in Japanese subjects. Mean mirogabalin steady‐state clearance and volume of distribution values were comparable across dose levels. No accumulation of mirogabalin was observed on repeated dosing in Japanese subjects. Mirogabalin had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in Asian and white subjects at doses up to 15 mg twice a day for 7 days. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (somnolence, headache, and dizziness) were consistent with the known mechanism of action and safety profile of mirogabalin.
Measuring the Unmeasurable by IR Spectroscopy: Carbon Deposition Kinetics in Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Ren Jiazheng , Lee Alex Chinghuan , Cheng Kai , Li Ming , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDry reforming of methane converts two greenhouse gases to syngas, and Ni catalysts are commonly used for this reaction. A major catalyst deactivation mechanism is carbon deposition. Although numerous kinetic modelling works have been performed on carbon formation, there have been only scarce attempts to measure carbon deposition kinetics under relevant (but not real) conditions, owing to technical difficulties. Here, we report the first successful measurements of the kinetics under real reaction conditions. This was made possible by using a novel algorithm that we have developed. We use IR to measure the molar fractions of unreacted CH4 and CO2, and reaction products, CO and H2O, in the effluent from the reactor. By applying the general mass balance principle and the relevant reaction stoichiometries, the carbon deposition rate as well as the flow rates of all these gases in the effluent, including H2, are calculated. Compared to the dominant GC‐based approach for catalyst performance evaluation, this method has much higher time resolution and much smaller measurement errors.
Dramatic Decrease in CEST Measurement Times Using Multi‐Site Excitation
Authors: Yuwen Tairan , Kay Lewis E. , Bouvignies Guillaume 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has recently evolved into a powerful approach for studying sparsely populated, “invisible” protein states in slow exchange with a major, visible conformer. Central to the technique is the use of a weak, highly selective radio‐frequency field that is applied at different frequency offsets in successive experiments, “searching” for minor state resonances. The recording of CEST profiles with enough points to ensure coverage of the entire spectrum at sufficient resolution can be time‐consuming, especially for applications that require high static magnetic fields or when small chemical shift differences between exchanging states must be quantified. Here, we show – with applications involving 15N CEST – that the process can be significantly accelerated by using a multi‐frequency irradiation scheme, leading in some applications to an order of magnitude savings in measurement time.
Continuous Flow Photoinduced Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Ning , Hu Xin , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile and robust method to yield well‐defined polymers under mild conditions with additional advantages of spatial and temporal control. The process and scalability of photoinduced RDRP in the batch mode, however, are limited by the inherent light gradient effect according to the Beer–Lambert law. The continuous flow technique, as an alternative methodology, provides a solution to improve the irradiation efficiency and scale up the polymerization. This Minireview highlights recent progress in continuous flow photoinduced RDRP since 2016. Reversible termination RDRP, degenerative transfer RDRP and others are reviewed in consecutive order. An outlook for continuous flow photoinduced RDRP is also discussed.
A performance comparison of measurement matrices in compressive sensing
Authors: Arjoune Youness , Kaabouch Naima , El Ghazi Hassan , Tamtaoui Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

SummaryCompressive sensing involves 3 main processes: signal sparse representation, linear encoding or measurement collection, and nonlinear decoding or sparse recovery. In the measurement process, a measurement matrix is used to sample only the components that best represent the signal. The choice of the measurement matrix has an important impact on the accuracy and the processing time of the sparse recovery process. Hence, the design of accurate measurement matrices is of vital importance in compressive sensing. Over the last decade, a number of measurement matrices have been proposed. Therefore, a detailed review of these measurement matrices and a comparison of their performances are strongly needed. This paper explains the foundation of compressive sensing and highlights the process of measurement by reviewing the existing measurement matrices. It provides a 3‐level classification and compares the performance of 8 measurement matrices belonging to 4 different types using 5 evaluation metrics: the recovery error, processing time, recovery time, covariance, and phase transition diagram. The theoretical performance comparison is validated with experimental results, and the results show that the Circulant, Toeplitz, and Hadamard matrices outperform the other measurement matrices.