bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: The effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods
Authors: O'Connor Rory S. , Kunin William E. , Garratt Michael P. D. , Potts Simon G. , Roy Helen E. , Andrews Christopher , Jones Catherine M. , Peyton Jodey M. , Savage Joanna , Harvey Martin C. , Morris Roger K. A. , Roberts Stuart P. M. , Wright Ivan , Vanbergen Adam J. , Carvell Claire 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The status of pollinating insects is of international concern, but knowledge of the magnitude and extent of declines is limited by a lack of systematic monitoring. Standardized protocols are urgently needed, alongside a better understanding of how different methods and recorders (data collectors) influence estimates of pollinator abundance and diversity.

We compared two common methods for sampling wild pollinating insects (solitary bees, bumblebees and hoverflies), pan traps and transects, in surveys of 1 km countryside squares (agricultural and semi‐natural habitats) and flowering crop fields across Great Britain, including the influence of local floral resources (nectar sugar availability or crop flower density) on the insects sampled. Further, we compared the performance of recorders with differing expertise (non‐specialist research staff, taxonomic experts and non‐expert volunteers) in applying methods.

Pan traps and transects produced compositionally distinct samples of pollinator communities. In the wider countryside, pan traps sampled more species of solitary bee and hoverfly. In flowering crops, transects recorded a greater number of individual bumblebees, but fewer species.

Across all taxonomic groups and countryside and crop samples, transects generally had lower rates of species accumulation per individual collected than pan traps. This demonstrates that differences between methods in estimating richness are not due to sampling effort alone. However, recorders possessing greater taxonomic expertise can produce species accumulation data from transects that are almost commensurate with pan trapping.

The abundance and species richness of pollinators (except solitary bees) on transects in the wider countryside was positively related to the availability of estimated nectar sugar. In crops, pollinator abundance responses to flower densities were idiosyncratic according to crop type, but overall the response was positive and negative for transects and pan traps, respectively.

Given these taxonomic and context‐specific differences in method performance, we assess their suitability for monitoring pollinating insect communities and pollination services. We discuss the relevance of these findings within the context of achieving standardized, large‐scale monitoring of pollinating insects.
Introduction of an automatic and open‐source radio‐tracking system for small animals
Authors: Gottwald Jannis , Zeidler Ralf , Friess Nicolas , Ludwig Marvin , Reudenbach Christoph , Nauss Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Movement ecology of small wild animals is often reliant on radio‐tracking methods due to the size and weight restrictions of available transmitters. In manual radio telemetry, large errors in spatial position and infrequent relocations prevent the effective analysis of small‐scale movement patterns and dynamic aspects of habitat selection. Automatic radio‐tracking systems present a potential solution for overcoming these drawbacks. However, existing systems use customized electronics and commercial software or exclusively record presence/absence data instead of triangulating the position of tagged individuals.

We present a low‐cost automatic radio‐tracking system built from consumer electronic devices that can locate the position of radio transmitters under field conditions. We provide information on the hardware components, describe mobile and stationary set‐up options, and offer open‐source software solutions.

We describe the workflow from hardware setup and antenna calibration, to recording and processing the data and present a proof of concept for forest‐dwelling bats using a mixed forest as study area. With an average bearing error of 6.8° and a linear error of 21 m within a distance ranging from 65 m to 190 m, the accuracy of our system exceeds that of both traditional methods as well as manual telemetry.

This affordable and easy‐to‐use automatic radio‐tracking system complements existing tools in movement ecology research by combining the advantages of lightweight and cost‐efficient radio telemetry with an automatic tracking set‐up.
Reduced Serum Osteocalcin in High‐Risk Alcohol Using People Living With HIV Does Not Correlate With Systemic Oxidative Stress or Inflammation: Data From the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study
Authors: Watt James , Schuon Jonathan , Davis Jacob , Ferguson Tekeda F. , Welsh David A. , Molina Patricia E. , Ronis Martin J. J. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundHIV infection is now largely a chronic condition as a result of the success of antiretroviral therapy. However, several comorbidities have emerged in people living with HIV (PLWH), including alcohol use disorders and musculoskeletal disorders. Alcohol use has been associated with lower bone mineral density, alterations to circulating bone turnover markers, and hypocalcemia. The pathophysiological basis of bone loss in the PLWH population is unclear but has been suggested to be linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. To test the hypothesis that PLWH consuming excessive alcohol have altered markers of bone turnover and/or calcium homeostasis in association with oxidative stress, we correlated measurements of alcohol consumption with markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, serum calcium concentrations, and measurements of bone turnover, including c‐terminal telopeptide cross‐links (CTX‐1) and osteocalcin.MethodsData were drawn from cross‐sectional baseline data from the ongoing New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study, comprised of 365 in care PLWH. Alcohol consumption measures (Alcohol Use Disorders Test, 30‐day timeline follow‐back calendar, and phosphatidylethanol [PEth]) were measured in a subcohort of 40 subjects selected based on highest and lowest PEth measurements. Multivariate linear regression was performed to test the relationships between alcohol consumption and systemic oxidative stress (4‐hydroxynonenal; 4‐HNE) and inflammation (c‐reactive protein; CRP).ResultsSerum calcium and CTX‐1 did not differ significantly between the high and low‐PEth groups. Individuals in the high‐PEth group had significantly lower serum osteocalcin (median low‐PEth group: 13.42 ng/ml, inter‐quartile range [IQR] 9.26 to 14.99 ng/ml; median high‐PEth group 7.39 ng/ml, IQR 5.02 to 11.25 ng/ml; p = 0.0005, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test). Osteocalcin negatively correlated with PEth (Spearman r = −0.45, p = 0.05) and self‐reported measures after adjusting for covariates. Alcohol consumption showed mild, but significant, positive associations with serum 4‐HNE, but not with CRP. Osteocalcin did not correlate with either 4‐HNE or CRP.ConclusionsIn this subcohort of PLWH, we detected significant associations between at‐risk alcohol use and osteocalcin, and at‐risk alcohol use and serum 4‐HNE, suggesting suppression of bone formation independent of increased systemic oxidative stress with increasing alcohol consumption.
Association between depression subtypes and response to repeated‐dose intravenous ketamine
Authors: Wang C. , Zhou Y. , Zheng W. , Liu W. , Zhan Y. , Li H. , Chen L. , Zhang B. , Walter M. , Li M. , Li M. D. , Ning Y. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveAbout half or more of treatment‐resistant depressed patients do not respond to ketamine, and few clinical predictors to gauge the most likely antidepressant response have been proposed. We explored whether depression subtypes are associated with response to ketamine.MethodNinety‐seven participants with depression were administered six repeated‐dose intravenous ketamine and assessed for depression (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MADRS), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAMA), and suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SSI) at baseline, 24 h after each infusion, and 2 weeks after the whole treatment. Participants were classified by melancholic/anxious subtype. Individuals who met criteria for neither or both subtypes were classified separately, resulting in four mutually exclusive groups.ResultsPatients with melancholic or melancholic–anxious features were less likely to respond (e.g., day 13, melancholic–anxious vs. anxious, OR 0.138, 95% CI 0.032–0.584, P = 0.007) or remit (e.g., day 26, melancholic vs. no subtype, OR 0.182, 95% CI 0.035–0.960, P = 0.045) and took longer to achieve response/remission than those with anxious or no subtype features. Faster HAMA score reductions were observed in patients with anxious or melancholic–anxious features, and faster SSI score reductions were observed among those with melancholic–anxious features.ConclusionOur study shows promising results for ketamine as a novel antidepressant preferentially for the treatment of non‐melancholic or anxious depression.
Movement patterns of an arboreal gecko in fragmented agricultural landscapes reveal matrix avoidance
Authors: Hansen N. A. , Driscoll D. A. , Michael D. R. , Lindenmayer D. B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnimal movement through agricultural landscapes is critical for population persistence of species within fragmented native vegetation patches. However, perceived habitat quality and the structural changes between differing land uses within such landscapes can reduce an animal's willingness to move. Understanding when animal movement behaviour varies in response to differing habitat types is necessary for identifying barriers to movement between habitat patches. We quantified the homing success and fine‐scale movement behaviour of a patch‐dependent gecko, Gehyra versicolor, in remnant patches, three different matrix types (crop, pasture and linear plantings), and at varying distances from the edge using fluorescent powder tracking, radio‐telemetry and experimental displacement. We found displaced geckos in pasture environments orientated more strongly and moved farther into farmland after being released and, away from their home ranges in remnant patches. In contrast, we found strong homing ability of displaced animals in plantings and crop matrix types, with animals moving towards remnant patches and away from farmland. Importantly, from the 48 individuals radio‐tracked, none moved into farmland, including pastures, despite 16 individuals approaching edge habitat. Because radio‐tracked geckos did not move into pastures, or any other matrix type, movement further into pasture by displaced animals likely represents limited orientation capacity in pasture rather than preference for pasture. We conclude geckos behaviourally avoided the farmland, irrespective of the presence of complex habitat (e.g. linear plantings). Our findings suggest that, despite efforts to improve farmland quality by planting, farmland is not generally preferred compared to remnant native vegetation. Understanding habitat‐specific movement behaviour is crucial to effectively identifying barriers to animal movement and will improve our efforts to conserve regional populations of patch‐dependent species.
Organisational models of health services for children and adolescents in out‐of‐home care: Health technology assessment
Authors: Mensah Tita , Hjern Anders , Håkanson Kickan , Johansson Pia , Jonsson Ann Kristine , Mattsson Titti , Tranæus Sofia , Vinnerljung Bo , Östlund Pernilla , Klingberg Gunilla 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimDecades of research confirm that children and adolescents in out‐of‐home care (foster family, residential care) have much greater health care needs than their peers. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate organisational health care models for this vulnerable group.MethodsA systematic literature search was undertaken of the following databases: Academic Search Elite, CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cinahl, DARE, ERIC, HTA, PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PubMed, SocIndex. Randomised and non‐randomised controlled trials were to be included. Two pairs of reviewers independently assessed abstracts of the identified published papers. Abstracts meeting the inclusion criteria were ordered in full text. Each article was reviewed independently, by pairs of reviewers. A joint assessment was made based on the inclusion criteria and relevance. Cases of disagreement were resolved by consensus discussion.ResultsNo study with low or medium risk of bias was identified.ConclusionIn the absence of studies of acceptable quality, it is not possible to assess the impact of organisational models intended to ensure adequate health and dental care for children and adolescents in out‐of‐home care. Therefore, well‐designed follow‐up studies should be conducted following the implementation of such models.
Elevated serum interleukin‐2 after gluten correlates with symptoms and is a potential diagnostic biomarker for coeliac disease
Authors: Tye‐Din Jason A. , Daveson A. James M. , Ee Hooi C. , Goel Gautam , MacDougall James , Acaster Sarah , Goldstein Kaela E. , Dzuris John L. , Neff Kristin M. , Truitt Kenneth E. , Anderson Robert P. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease patients on a gluten‐free diet experience reactions to gluten, but these are not well characterised or understood. Systemic cytokine release was recently linked to reactivation of gluten immunity in coeliac disease.AimTo define the nature and time‐course of symptoms and interleukin‐2 changes specific for coeliac disease patients.Methods25 coeliac disease patients on a gluten‐free diet and 25 healthy volunteers consumed a standardised 6 gram gluten challenge. Coeliac Disease Patient‐Reported Outcome survey and global digestive symptom assessment were completed hourly up to 6 hours after gluten. Adverse events over 48 hours were recorded. Serum interleukin‐2 was measured at baseline, and 2, 4 and 6 hours.ResultsSerum interleukin‐2 was always undetectable in healthy controls, whereas it was undetectable at baseline and elevated >0.5 pg/ml at 4 hours in 92% of coeliac disease patients. All patient‐reported outcome severity scores increased significantly after gluten in coeliac disease patients (P < .001 Wilcoxon signed rank test), but not in controls. Symptoms began after 1 hour, and peaked in the third. Nausea and vomiting characterised severe reactions, but mild reactions were limited to headache and tiredness. Peak interleukin‐2 correlated with symptom severity, particularly for nausea and vomiting.ConclusionsSerum interleukin‐2 elevations correlate with timing and severity of symptoms after gluten in coeliac disease. Standardised bolus gluten food challenge and interleukin‐2 assessment could provide a valuable clinical test to monitor and diagnose coeliac disease in patients established on a gluten‐free diet.
Being human: Why and in what sense it is morally relevant
Authors: Kipke Roland 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe debate on the question of the moral status of human beings and the boundaries of the moral community has long been dominated by the antagonism between personism and speciesism: either certain mental properties or membership of the human species is considered morally crucial. In this article, I argue that both schools of thought are equally implausible in major respects, and that these shortcomings arise from the same reason in both cases: a biological notion of being human. By contrast, I show to what extent being human is morally relevant in a non‐biological sense. I establish the living human form as the essential criterion for belonging to the moral community, and defend it against a number of possible objections. This new morphological approach is capable of capturing essential elements of personism and speciesism without sharing their faults, and of reconstructing widespread moral intuitions.
Physicochemical n‐Grams Tool: A tool for protein physicochemical descriptor generation via Chou’s 5‐step rule
Authors: Vishnoi Shubham , Garg Prabha , Arora Pooja 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhysicochemical n‐Grams Tool (PnGT) is an open‐source standalone software for calculating physicochemical descriptors of protein. PnGT was developed using the Python scripting language and developed the user interface using Tkinter. The software currently calculates 33 physicochemical descriptors along with the sequence length for the given protein primary sequence. The descriptor generated by this tool can be directly utilized as the feature vector for the development of proteomics statistical or machine learning predictive model.
Barriers children face complaining about social work practice: A study in one English local authority
Authors: Diaz Clive , Pert Hayley , Aylward Tricia , Neill Donna , Hill Lauren 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite the introduction of guidelines and procedures aimed at encouraging and supporting children and young people to complain about the services they receive, children in care still face barriers to doing so in practice. This paper explores what happens when children in care are dissatisfied with the services they receive. Specifically, this study examines the complaints procedure for children in care. The findings are based on semistructured interviews with children in care, social workers, senior managers, and independent reviewing officers from one English local authority. Thematic analysis of these data identified five emergent themes: (a) complaints by children in care are managed at the lowest possible level, (b) senior managers have an overly optimistic view about children in care being informed of complaint procedures and being encouraged to do so, (c) children in care are worried about complaining, which is recognized by professionals, (d) children's voices are often not heard, and (e) when issues are clearly defined, independent reviewing officers have some degree of success in resolving complaints from children in care.
Stroop interference is a composite phenomenon: Evidence from distinct developmental trajectories of its components
Authors: Ferrand Ludovic , Ducrot Stéphanie , Chausse Pierre , Maïonchi‐Pino Norbert , O’Connor Richard J. , Parris Benjamin A. , Perret Patrick , Riggs Kevin J. , Augustinova Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOnly one previous developmental study of Stroop task performance (Schiller, 1966) has controlled for differences in processing speed that exist both within and between age groups. Therefore, the question of whether the early developmental change in the magnitude of Stroop interference actually persists after controlling for processing speed needs further investigation; work that is further motivated by the possibility that any remaining differences would be caused by process(es) other than processing speed. Analysis of data from two experiments revealed that, even after controlling for processing speed using z‐transformed reaction times, early developmental change persists such that the magnitude of overall Stroop interference is larger in 3rd‐ and 5th graders as compared to 1st graders. This pattern indicates that the magnitude of overall Stroop interference peaks after 2 or 3 years of reading practice (Schadler & Thissen, 1981). Furthermore, this peak is shown to be due to distinct components of Stroop interference (resulting from specific conflicts) progressively falling into place. Experiment 2 revealed that the change in the magnitude of Stroop interference specifically results from joint contributions of task, semantic and response conflicts in 3rd‐ and 5th graders as compared to a sole contribution of task conflict in 1st graders. The specific developmental trajectories of different conflicts presented in the present work provide unique evidence for multiple loci of Stroop interference in the processing stream (respectively task, semantic and response conflict) as opposed to a single (i.e. response) locus predicted by historically – favored response competition accounts.
Credit risk, owner liability, and bank loan maturities during the global financial crisis
Authors: Duarte Fábio Dias , Gama Ana Paula Matias , Gulamhussen Mohamed Azzim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe relate credit risk and owners’ personal guarantees to bank loan maturities during the global financial crisis. The findings, which remain robust to reverse causality, show that firms rated as low risk, with a strong relationship with the bank, whose owners provided personal guarantees and with large loan sizes obtained longer maturities. Banks with larger nonperforming loans provided loans with shorter maturities. Firms with low‐ and high‐risk ratings that provided owners’ personal guarantees obtained longer maturities. These findings shed additional light on the relationship between risk and loan maturities and the role of personal guarantees in reducing information asymmetries.
The response of stomatal conductance to seasonal drought in tropical forests
Authors: Wu Jin , Serbin Shawn P. , Ely Kim S. , Wolfe Brett T. , Dickman L. Turin , Grossiord Charlotte , Michaletz Sean T. , Collins Adam D. , Detto Matteo , McDowell Nate G. , Wright S. Joseph , Rogers Alistair 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStomata regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration. The approaches used to represent stomatal conductance (gs) in models vary. In particular, current understanding of drivers of the variation in a key parameter in those models, the slope parameter (i.e. a measure of intrinsic plant water‐use‐efficiency), is still limited, particularly in the tropics. Here we collected diurnal measurements of leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential (Ψleaf), and a suite of plant traits from the upper canopy of 15 tropical trees in two contrasting Panamanian forests throughout the dry season of the 2016 El Niño. The plant traits included wood density, leaf‐mass‐per‐area (LMA), leaf carboxylation capacity (Vc,max), leaf water content, the degree of isohydry, and predawn Ψleaf. We first investigated how the choice of four commonly used leaf‐level gs models with and without the inclusion of Ψleaf as an additional predictor variable influence the ability to predict gs, and then explored the abiotic (i.e. month, site‐month interaction) and biotic (i.e. tree‐species‐specific characteristics) drivers of slope parameter variation. Our results show that the inclusion of Ψleaf did not improve model performance and that the models that represent the response of gs to vapor pressure deficit performed better than corresponding models that respond to relative humidity. Within each gs model, we found large variation in the slope parameter, and this variation was attributable to the biotic driver, rather than abiotic drivers. We further investigated potential relationships between the slope parameter and the six available plant traits mentioned above, and found that only one trait, LMA, had a significant correlation with the slope parameter (R2 = 0.66, n = 15), highlighting a potential path towards improved model parameterization. This study advances understanding of gs dynamics over seasonal drought, and identifies a practical, trait‐based approach to improve modeling of carbon and water exchange in tropical forests.