bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karapandzic Flap: A Useful Option for Reconstruction of Lower Lip
Authors: Sane Vikrant Dilip , Rathi Pallavi , Narla Bhawana , Khandelwal Saurabh , Pathan Wasim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Lip carcinoma is a common cancer of the head and neck region and it more commonly affects the lower lip (>90%). Out of all the carcinomas affecting the lower lip, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of the patients. Reconstruction of lower lip is a challenging task, as it requires taking into consideration the restoration of function as well as aesthetics. In this study, a patient for whom successful reconstruction of lower lip defect was done using the Karapandzic flap was presented.
Suturing a Vomer Flap to the Hard Palate Through a Hole When the Nasal Lining is Not Available
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Hyung Mook 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The nasal lining by suturing a vomer flap onto the bony ridge of the cleft through a hole was repaired.
A 16-month-old girl had an incomplete bilateral posterior cleft palate. While incising the periosteum and elevating the nasal mucosa from the cleft edge of the right side, the mucosa was sheared and a buttonhole was made, and as a result, the nasal lining could not be coapted. A vomer flap to close the nasal lining was applied. On the left side, the nasal mucosa from the cleft margin was sutured to the vomer flap. On the right side, where no nasal lining was available, 2 holes were drilled 5 mm lateral to each bony cleft margin, and the vomer flap was sutured to the palate with 4-0 vicryl through the holes. The elevated bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps were brought together to the midline and sutured to the anterior triangular flap in a V-Y pushback fashion.
This method could be used to cover the nasal lining when nasal mucosa is not available.
Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery of Submandibular Gland Removal With Preservation of Sublingual Gland and Wharton's Duct
Authors: Lin Xiaozhen , Liang Limin , Shao Xiaojun , Han Xiaodong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In surgical removal of a submandibular gland, trans-cervical approach has esthetic problem and existing trans-oral approaches are extensively invasive. The authors have used trans-oral robotic surgery to remove the submandibular gland with preservation of the sublingual gland and the Wharton's duct, and hereby report the case and discuss our preliminary experiences.
Pattern Recognition Receptor-reactivity Screening of Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Sosa Rebecca A. , Rossetti Maura , Naini Bita V. , Groysberg Victoria M. , Kaldas Fady M. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Chang Yu-Ling , Gjertson David W. , Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W. , Reed Elaine F. 
Published: November 2018

Objective and Background:
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune and parenchymal cells can detect danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from cells damaged during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in heart attack or stroke settings, but also as an unavoidable consequence of solid organ transplantation. Despite IRI being a significant clinical problem across all solid organ transplants, there are limited therapeutics and patient-specific diagnostics currently available.

Methods:
We screened portal blood samples obtained from 67 human liver transplant recipients both pre- [portal vein (PV) sample] and post-(liver flush; LF) reperfusion for their ability to activate a panel of PRRs, and analyzed this reactivity in relation to biopsy-proven IRI.

Results:
PV samples from IRI+ orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients (n = 35) decreased activation of hTLR4- and hTLR9-transfected cells, whereas PV from IRI− patients (n = 32) primarily increased hTLR7 and hNOD2 activation. LF samples from OLT-IRI patients significantly increased activation of hTLR4 and hTLR9 over IRI− LF. In addition, the change from baseline reactivity to hTLR4/9/NOD2 was significantly higher in IRI+ than IRI− OLT patients.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that TLR4/7/9 and NOD2 are involved in either promoting or attenuating hepatic IRI, and suggest a diagnostic screening of portal blood for reactivity to these PRRs might prove useful for prediction and/or therapeutic intervention in OLT patients before transplantation.
The Biology of ‘Risk-On’. Decreasing Inflammatory and Stress Responses on a London Trading Floor
Authors: Xie N. Z. , Page L. , Granger D. A. , Coates J. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman physiological arousal is highly sensitive to information and uncertainty. Little is known, however, about how to measure information in natural settings, nor about which physiological systems respond to it. Financial market prices, and their volatility, present a convenient measure of informational load. Here we report on a study into the physiological response of traders in the City of London during a period of extreme, but declining, volatility. We sampled salivary cortisol, the main stress hormone, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α three times a day for two weeks. We found that average daily cortisol levels tracked closely an index of equity and bond volatility, as did levels of IL-1β. Within-day cortisol and IL-1β levels also tracked one hour lagged volatility. Interestingly, the cascade of endocrine and immunological changes was initiated by IL-1β, the first responder of the stress and inflammatory responses. Our results have implications for finance because chronic stress and the immune response known as ‘sickness behaviour’ could have powerful effects on risk-taking and market stability.
Analysis of structural variants in four African Cichlids highlights an association with developmental and immune related genes
Authors: Penso-Dolfin Luca , Man Angela , Haerty Wilfried , Palma Federica Di 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAfrican Lakes Cichlids are one of the most impressive example of adaptive radiation. Independently in Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Malawi, several hundreds of species arose within the last 10 million to 100,000 years. Whereas most analyses in Cichlids focused on nucleotide substitutions across species to investigate the genetic bases of this explosive radiation, to date, no study has investigated the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to speciation events (through a reduction of gene flow) and adaptation to different ecological niches. Here, we annotate and characterize the repertoires and evolutionary potential of different SV classes (deletion, duplication, inversion, insertions and translocations) in five Cichlid species (Haplochromis burtoni, Metriaclima zebra, Neolamprologus brichardi, Pundamilia nyererei and Oreochromis niloticus). We investigate the patterns of gain/loss across the phylogeny for each SV type enabling the identification of both lineage specific events and a set of conserved SVs, common to all four species in the radiation. Both deletion and inversion events show a significant overlap with SINE elements, while inversions additionally show a limited, but significant association with DNA transposons. Inverted regions are enriched for genes regulating behaviour, or involved in skeletal and visual system development. We also find that duplicated regions show enrichment for genes associated with “antigen processing and presentation” (GO:0019882) and other immune related categories. Altogether, we provide the first, comprehensive overview of rearrangement evolution in East African Cichlids, and some initial insights into their possible contribution to adaptation.
A genetically encoded probe for imaging HA-tagged protein translation, localization, and dynamics in living cells and animals
Authors: Zhao Ning , Kamijo Kouta , Fox Philip D. , Oda Haruka , Morisaki Tatsuya , Sato Yuko , Kimura Hiroshi , Stasevich Timothy J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTo expand the toolbox of imaging in living cells, we have engineered a new single chain variable fragment (scFv) that binds the classic linear HA epitope with high affinity and specificityin vivo. The resulting probe, which we call the HA frankenbody, is capable of lighting up in multiple colors HA-tagged nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane proteins in diverse living cell types. The HA frankenbody also enables state-of-the-art single-molecule experiments, which we demonstrate by tracking single mRNA translation dynamics in living U2OS cells and neurons. In combination with the SunTag, we track two mRNA species simultaneously to demonstrate comparative single-molecule studies of translation can now be done with genetically encoded tools alone. Finally, we use the HA frankenbody to precisely quantify the expression of HA tagged proteins in developing zebrafish embryos. The versatility of the HA frankenbody makes it a powerful new tool for imaging protein dynamicsin vivo.One-sentence summaryA genetically encodable intracellular single-chain variable fragment that selectively binds the HA epitope (YPYDVPDYA) with high affinity in living cells and organisms can be used to quantify HA-tagged protein translation, localization, and dynamics.
EEG-based detection of the locus of auditory attention with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Vandecappelle Servaas , Deckers Lucas , Das Neetha , Ansari Amir Hossein , Bertrand Alexander , Francart Tom 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn a multi-speaker scenario, the human auditory system is able to attend to one particular speaker of interest and ignore the others. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to use electroencephalography (EEG) signals to infer to which speaker someone is attending by relating the neural activity to the speech signals. However, classifying auditory attention within a short time interval remains the main challenge. We present a convolutional neural network-based approach to extract the locus of auditory attention (left/right) without knowledge of the speech envelopes. Our results show that it is possible to decode the locus of attention within 1 to 2 s, with a median accuracy of around 81%. These results are promising for neuro-steered noise suppression in hearing aids, in particular in scenarios where per-speaker envelopes are unavailable.
Life history and dispersal timing evolve in response to metapopulation connectedness
Authors: Masier Stefano , Bonte Dries 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDispersal evolution impacts the fluxes of individuals and hence, connectivity in metapopulations. Connectivity is therefore decoupled from the structural connectedness of the patches within the spatial network. Because of demographic feedbacks, local selection can additionally steer the evolution of other life history traits. We investigated how different levels of connectedness affect dispersal and life history evolution by varying the interpatch distance in replicated experimental metapopulations of the two-spotted spider. We implemented a shuffling treatment to separate local- and metapopulation-level selection.With lower metapopulation connectedness, an increased starvation resistance and delayed dispersal evolved. Intrinsic growth rates evolved at the local level by transgenerational plasticity or epigenetic processes. Changes in patch connectedness thus induce the genetic and non-genetic evolution of dispersal costs and demographic traits at both the local and metapopulation level. These trait changes are anticipated to impact metapopulations eco-evolutionary dynamics, and hence, the persistence and performance of spatially structured populations.
Fgf3 is crucial for the generation of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid contacting cells in zebrafish
Authors: Reuter Isabel , Jäckels Jana , Kneitz Susanne , Kuper Jochen , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Lillesaar Christina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn most vertebrates, including zebrafish, the hypothalamic serotonergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells constitute a prominent population. In contrast to the hindbrain serotonergic neurons, little is known about the development and function of these cells. Here, we identify Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)3 as the main Fgf ligand controlling the ontogeny of serotonergic CSF-c cells. We show thatfgf3positively regulates the number of serotonergic CSF-c cells, as well as a subset of dopaminergic and neuroendocrine cells in the posterior hypothalamus. Further, expression of the ETS-domain transcription factoretv5bis downregulated afterfgf3impairment. Previous findings identifiedetv5bas critical for the proliferation of serotonergic progenitors in the hypothalamus, and therefore we now suggest that Fgf3 acts viaetv5bduring early development to ultimately control the number of mature serotonergic CSF-c cells. Moreover, our analysis of the developing hypothalamic transcriptome shows that the expression offgf3is upregulated uponfgf3loss-of-function, suggesting activation of a self-compensatory mechanism. Together, these results highlight Fgf3 in a novel context as part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for hypothalamic development.Summary statementThis study highlights Fgf3 in a novel context where it is being part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for development of hypothalamic monoaminergic cells in zebrafish.
Folic acid, but not folate, regulates different stages of neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of adult female rats
Authors: Qiu Wansu , Gobinath Aarthi R. , Wen Yanhua , Austin Jehannine , Galea Liisa A.M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFolate is an important regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, and in utero spinal cord development. Both high levels of folic acid and low levels of folate can be harmful to health, as low levels of folate have been linked to several diseases while high folic acid supplements can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. Depressed patients exhibit folate deficiencies, lower levels of hippocampal neurogenesis, elevated levels of homocysteine, and elevated levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, which may be inter-related. Here, we are interested in whether different doses of natural folate or synthetic folic acid diets can influence neurogenesis in the hippocampus, levels of plasma homocysteine, and serum corticosterone in adult female rats. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent dietary interventions for 29 days. Animals were randomly assigned to six different dietary groups: folate deficient + succinylsulfathiazole (SST), low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), low 5-MTHF + (SST), high 5-MTHF + SST, low folic acid, and high folic acid. SST was added to a subset of the 5-MTHF diets to eliminate folic acid production in the gut. Before and after dietary treatment, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and homocysteine analysis, and brain tissue was collected for neurogenesis analysis. High folic acid and low 5-MTHF without SST increased the number of immature neurons (doublecortin-expressing cells) within the ventral hippocampus compared to folate deficient controls. Low 5-MTHF without SST significantly increased the number of immature neurons compared to low and high 5-MTHF + SST, indicating that SST interfered with elevations in neurogenesis. Low folic acid and high 5-MTHF+SST reduced plasma homocysteine levels compared to controls, but there was no significant effect of diet on serum corticosterone levels. Low folic acid and high 5-MTHF+SST reduced the number of mature new neurons in the ventral hippocampus (BrdU/NeuN-positive cells) compared to folate deficient controls. Overall, folic acid dose-dependently influenced neurogenesis, with low levels decreasing but high levels increasing, neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus, suggesting this region, which is important for regulating stress, is particularly sensitive to folic acid in diets. Furthermore, the addition of SST negated the effects of 5-MTHF to increase neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus.
Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet
Authors: Khudyakova Ksenia A. , Neretina Tatiana Yu. , Kondrashov Alexey S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report the complete analysis of a deterministic model of deleterious mutations and negative selection against them at two haploid loci without recombination. As long as mutation is a weaker force than selection, mutant alleles remain rare at the only stable equilibrium, and otherwise, a variety of dynamics are possible. If the mutation-free genotype is absent, generally the only stable equilibrium is the one that corresponds to fixation of the mutant allele at the locus where it is less deleterious. This result suggests that fixation of a deleterious allele that follows a click of the Muller’s ratchet is governed by natural selection, instead of random drift.
Wheel-running exercise before and during gestation against acute and sensitized cocaine psychomotor-activation in offspring
Authors: Lespine Louis-Ferdinand , Plenevaux Alain , Tirelli Ezio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile animal research has consistently reported preventive effects of exercise against drug abuse vulnerability, little is known about the influence of the developmental stage during which exercise is displayed on addictive drugs responsiveness. This study aimed to determine whether prenatal exercise could attenuate acute cocaine reactivity and psychomotor sensitization in youth offspring. We used a split-plot factorial design where C57BL/6J females were randomly assigned into sedentary or exercised (wheel-running) conditions before and during gestation, the wheels being removed on gestational day 18. Offspring were weaned, gendered and individually housed on 24-28 days old. At 38-42 days old, they were tested for their acute psychomotor responsiveness to 8 mg/kg cocaine and their initiation of sensitization over 8 additional once-daily administrations, the long-term expression of sensitization occurring 30 days later. Adolescent females born from exercised mothers were much less responsive to the acute psychomotor-stimulating effect of cocaine than those born from sedentary mothers (d = 0.75, p = .02), whereas there was no evidence for such a difference in males (d = 0.34, p = .17). However, we did not find sizeable attenuating effects of prenatal exercise on the initiation and the long-term expression of the psychomotor-activating effect of cocaine, in either sex (Cohen’s ds varying from −0.23 to 0.39). These results suggest that prenatal exercise may induce initial protection against cocaine responsiveness in youth females, a finding that warrants further research.
Iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging of soft tissue on the example of peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Heimel Patrick , Swiadek Nicole Victoria , Slezak Paul , Kerbl Markus , Schneider Cornelia , Nürnberger Sylvia , Redl Heinz , Teuschl Andreas Herbert , Hercher David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicrocomputed tomography (μCT) is widely used for the study of mineralized tissues but a similar use for soft tissues is hindered by their low X-ray attenuation. This limitation can be overcome by the recent development of different staining techniques. Staining with Lugol’s solution, a mixture of one part iodine and two parts potassium iodide in water, stands out among these techniques for its low complexity and cost. Currently, Lugol staining is mostly used for anatomical examination of tissues. In the present study we seek to optimize the quality and reproducibility of the staining for ex vivo visualization of soft tissues in the context of a peripheral nerve regeneration model in the rat.We show that the staining result not only depends on the concentration of the staining solution, but also on the amount of stain in relation to the tissue volume and composition, necessitating careful adaptation of the staining protocol to the respective specimen tissue. This optimization can be simplified by a stepwise staining which we show to yield a similar result compared to staining in a single step. Lugol staining solution results in concentration dependent tissue shrinkage which can be minimized but not eliminated. We compared the shrinkage of tendon, nerve, skeletal muscle, heart, brain and kidney with six iterations of Lugol staining.60 ml of 0.3% Lugol’s solution per cm3 of tissue for 24h yielded good results on the example of a peripheral nerve regeneration model and we were able to show that the regenerating nerve inside a silk fibroin tube can be visualized in 3D using this staining technique. This information helps in deciding the region of interest for histological imaging and provides a 3D context to histological findings. Correlating both imaging modalities has the potential to improve the understanding of the regenerative process.
Predict future learning accuracy by the structural properties of the brain, anin vivolongitudinal MRI study in songbirds
Authors: Hamaide J. , Lukacova K. , Verhoye M. , Van der Linden A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman speech and bird song are acoustically complex communication signals that are learned by imitation during a sensitive period early in life. Although the neural networks indispensable for song learning are well established, it remains unclear which neural circuitries differentiate good from bad song copiers. By combiningin vivostructural Magnetic Resonance Imaging with song analyses in juvenile male zebra finches during song learning and beyond, we discovered that song imitation accuracy correlates with the structural architecture of four distinct brain areas, none of which pertain to the song control system. Furthermore, the structural properties of a secondary auditory area in the left hemisphere, are capable to predict future song copying accuracy, already at the earliest stages of learning, before initiating vocal practicing. These findings appoint novel brain regions important for song learning outcome and inform that ultimate performance in part depends on factors experienced before vocal practicing.
Detailed analysis of chick optic fissure closure reveals Netrin-1 as an essential and conserved mediator of epithelial fusion during vertebrate embryogenesis
Authors: Hardy H , Prendergast J , Patel A , Dutta S , Trejo-Reveles V , Kroeger H , Yung A , Goodrich L , Brooks BP , Sowden J , Rainger J 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTEpithelial fusion underlies many vital organogenic processes during embryogenesis. Disruptions to these cause a significant number of human birth defects, including ocular coloboma. We provide robust spatial-temporal staging and unique anatomical detail of optic fissure closure (OFC) in the embryonic chick, including strong evidence for roles of apoptosis and epithelial remodelling. We performed complementary transcriptomic profiling and show thatNetrin-1 (NTN1) is precisely expressed in the chick fissure margin at the fusion plate but is immediately downregulated after fusion. We further provide a combination of protein localisation and phenotypic evidence in chick, humans, mice and fish that Netrin-1 has an evolutionarily conserved and essential requirement for OFC, and is likely to have a major role in palate fusion. Our data reveal thatNTN1is a new locus for human coloboma and other multi-system developmental fusion defects, and that chick OFC is a powerful model for epithelial fusion research.