bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
l-Arginine Synthesis from l-Citrulline in Myeloid Cells Drives Host Defense against Mycobacteria In Vivo
Authors: Lange Shannon M. , McKell Melanie C. , Schmidt Stephanie M. , Zhao Junfang , Crowther Rebecca R. , Green Lisa C. , Bricker Rebecca L. , Arnett Eusondia , Köhler S. Eleonore , Schlesinger Larry S. , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Qualls Joseph E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Immunonutrition as a therapeutic approach is rapidly gaining interest in the fight against infection. Targeting l-arginine metabolism is intriguing, considering this amino acid is the substrate for antimicrobial NO production by macrophages. The importance of l-arginine during infection is supported by the finding that inhibiting its synthesis from its precursor l-citrulline blunts host defense. During the first few weeks following pulmonary mycobacterial infection, we found a drastic increase in l-citrulline in the lung, even though serum concentrations were unaltered. This correlated with increased gene expression of the l-citrulline–generating (i.e., iNOS) and l-citrulline–using (i.e., Ass1) enzymes in key myeloid populations. Eliminating l-arginine synthesis from l-citrulline in myeloid cells via conditional deletion of either Ass1 or Asl resulted in increased Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv burden in the lungs compared with controls. Our data illustrate the necessity of l-citrulline metabolism for myeloid defense against mycobacterial infection and highlight the potential for host-directed therapy against mycobacterial disease targeting this nutrient and/or its metabolic pathway.
This Must Be The Place
Authors: Kronenburg Robert 
Published: February 2019

This Must Be The Place is the first architectural history of popular music performance space, describing its beginnings, its different typologies, and its development into a distinctive genre of building design. It examines the design and form of popular music architecture and charts how it has been developed in ad-hoc ways by non-professionals such as building owners, promoters, and the musicians themselves as well as professionally by architects, designers, and construction specialists. With a primary focus on Europe and North America (and excursions to Australia, the Far East and South America), it explores audience experience and how venues have influenced the development of different musical scenes.
From music halls and Vaudeville in the 1800s, via the seminal clubs and theatres of the 20th century, to the large-scale multi-million-dollar arena concerts of today, this book explores the impact that the use of private and public space for performance has on our cities’ urban identity, and, to a lesser extent, how rural space is perceived and used. Like architecture, popular music is neither static nor standardized; it continuously develops and has multiple strands. This Must Be The Place describes the factors that have determined the development of music venue architecture, focusing on both famous and less well-known examples from the smallest bar room music space to the largest stadium-filling rock set.
Variation in brachiopod microstructure and isotope geochemistry under low-pH–ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Ye Facheng , Jurikova Hana , Angiolini Lucia , Brand Uwe , Crippa Gaia , Henkel Daniela , Laudien Jürgen , Hiebenthal Claas , Šmajgl Danijela 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the last few decades and in the near future
CO2-induced ocean acidification is potentially a big threat to marine
calcite-shelled animals (e.g. brachiopods, bivalves, corals and gastropods).
Despite the great number of studies focusing on the effects of acidification
on shell growth, metabolism, shell dissolution and shell repair, the
consequences for biomineral formation remain poorly understood. Only a few
studies have addressed the impact of ocean acidification on shell
microstructure and geochemistry. In this study, a detailed microstructure and
stable isotope geochemistry investigation was performed on nine adult
brachiopod specimens of Magellania venosa (Dixon, 1789). These were
grown in the natural environment as well as in controlled culturing
experiments under different pH conditions (ranging from 7.35 to 8.15±0.05)
over different time intervals (214 to 335 days). Details of shell
microstructural features, such as thickness of the primary layer, density and
size of endopunctae and morphology of the basic structural unit of the
secondary layer were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Stable
isotope compositions (δ13C and δ18O) were
tested from the secondary shell layer along shell ontogenetic increments in
both dorsal and ventral valves. Based on our comprehensive dataset, we
observed that, under low-pH conditions, M. venosa produced a more
organic-rich shell with higher density of and larger endopunctae, and smaller
secondary layer fibres. Also, increasingly negative δ13C and
δ18O values are recorded by the shell produced during
culturing and are related to the CO2 source in the culture set-up.
Both the microstructural changes and the stable isotope results are similar
to observations on brachiopods from the fossil record and strongly support
the value of brachiopods as robust archives of proxies for studying ocean
acidification events in the geologic past.
Global aerosol modeling with MADE3 (v3.0) in EMAC (based on v2.53): model description and evaluation
Authors: Kaiser J. Christopher , Hendricks Johannes , Righi Mattia , Jöckel Patrick , Tost Holger , Kandler Konrad , Weinzierl Bernadett , Sauer Daniel , Heimerl Katharina , Schwarz Joshua P. , Perring Anne E. , Popp Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recently, the aerosol microphysics submodel MADE3 (Modal Aerosol Dynamics
model for Europe, adapted for global applications, third generation) was
introduced as a successor to MADE and MADE-in. It includes nine aerosol
species and nine lognormal modes to represent aerosol particles of three
different mixing states throughout the aerosol size spectrum. Here, we
describe the implementation of the most recent version of MADE3 into the
ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model, including
a detailed evaluation of a 10-year aerosol simulation with MADE3 as part of
EMAC. We compare simulation output to station network measurements of near-surface
aerosol component mass concentrations, to airborne measurements of aerosol
mass mixing ratio and number concentration vertical profiles, to ground-based
and airborne measurements of particle size distributions, and to station
network and satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth. Furthermore, we
describe and apply a new evaluation method, which allows a comparison of model
output to size-resolved electron microscopy measurements of particle
composition. Although there are indications that fine-mode particle deposition
may be underestimated by the model, we obtained satisfactory agreement with
the observations. Remaining deviations are of similar size to those identified
in other global aerosol model studies. Thus, MADE3 can be considered ready for application within EMAC. Due to its
detailed representation of aerosol mixing state, it is especially useful for
simulating wet and dry removal of aerosol particles, aerosol-induced
formation of cloud droplets and ice crystals as well as aerosol–radiation
interactions. Besides studies on these fundamental processes, we also plan to
use MADE3 for a reassessment of the climate effects of anthropogenic aerosol
perturbations.
Change detection of bare-ice albedo in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Naegeli Kathrin , Huss Matthias , Hoelzle Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Albedo feedback is an important driver of glacier melt
over bare-ice surfaces. Light-absorbing impurities strongly enhance glacier
melt rates but their abundance, composition and variations in space and time
are subject to considerable uncertainties and ongoing scientific debates. In
this study, we assess the temporal evolution of shortwave broadband albedo
derived from 15 end-of-summer Landsat scenes for the bare-ice areas of 39
large glaciers in the western and southern Swiss Alps. Trends in bare-ice
albedo crucially depend on the spatial scale considered. No significant
negative temporal trend in bare-ice albedo was found on a regional to
glacier-wide scale. However, at higher spatial scales, certain areas of
bare ice, including the lowermost elevations and margins of the ablation
zones,
revealed significant darkening over the study period 1999 to 2016. A total
glacier area of 13.5 km2 (equivalent to about 12 % of the average
end-of-summer bare-ice area in the study area) exhibited albedo trends
significant at the 95 % confidence level or higher. Most of this area was
affected by a negative albedo trend of about −0.05 decade−1. Generally,
bare-ice albedo exhibits a strong interannual variability, caused by a
complex interplay of meteorological conditions prior to the acquisition of
the data, local glacier characteristics and the date of the investigated
satellite imagery. Although a darkening of glacier ice was found to be
present over only a limited region, we emphasize that due to the recent and
projected growth of bare-ice areas and prolongation of the ablation season in
the region, the albedo feedback will considerably enhance the rate of glacier
mass loss in the Swiss Alps in the near future.
Inatividade física e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas em professores universitários
Authors: Lira Bruno Alves , Souza Priscila De , Gomes Daniel Junior de Oliveira , Maniçoba Ana Caroline Magalhães , Monteiro Luciana Zaranza 
Published: February 2019

Introdução: Os baixos níveis de atividade fisica estão relacionados com o aumento da ocorrência de doenças crônicas. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e associar esses comportamentos com a inatividade física de professores universitários de uma instituição privada na cidade de Brasília, DF, Brasil. Métodos: Participaram 285 professores universitários de uma instituição particular. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável e o nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados: A prevalência de baixos níveis de atividade física foi de 61,4%, onde os professores fisicamente inativos tinham menor consumo de frutas/verduras/legumes (RP:2,47;IC95%:1,28-3,18) e consumo excessivo de carne com gordura (RP:2,15;IC95%1,42-2,97), refrigerante (RP:2,02;IC95%:1,69-2,75) e álcool (RP:1,98;IC95%:1,22-2,86). Conclusão: Os professores apresentaram elevada prevalência de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas e a maioria deles foi classificada como insuficientemente ativos. Assim, sugere-se politicas públicas dentro da universidade para prevenção de doenças e melhora da qualidade de vida.
Familias transnacionales, familias inmigrantes: reflexiones sobre su inclusión en la escuela
Authors: Fernández-Hawrylak María , Heras Sevilla Davinia 
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir el impacto que las migraciones tienen en las familias a través de una revisión bibliográfica sobre migración internacional como metodología de trabajo. Se examinaron artículos publicados entre 1998 y 2014 indexados en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. Con el análisis de los artículos seleccionados se construyó un cuerpo teórico desde el cual se presentan los conceptos de familia transnacional, feminización de la migración mundial, concepción de la paternidad, fragmentación de la familia, reagrupación familiar, así como las principales dificultades de las familias migrantes en el país de destino que dan lugar a situaciones de exclusión de los padres y de las/los niñas/os en la escuela. Entre los resultados destaca que, aunque la separación geográfica pueda generar beneficios económicos, estas familias sufren una desestabilización que crea nuevas formas de funcionamiento para mantener sus vínculos y llevar a cabo el cuidado y la educación de los hijos desde la distancia. Como conclusiones se recogen reflexiones e investigaciones en torno a la inclusión de las/los niñas/os inmigrantes en el sistema educativo, y sobre la necesidad de un compromiso con sus familias para apoyarlas en el proceso educativo.
Aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida como estrategia de envejecimiento activo. Estudio de la universidad de Mayores de Extremadura
Authors: Cambero Rivero Santiago , Díaz Galván Deborah 
Published: February 2019

El aprendizaje es una facultad humana que desarrollamos continuamente mientras aprendemos, incluso antes del propio nacimiento en el útero materno. El aprendizaje como proceso no solo es formal cuando asistimos a centros de enseñanza reglada, sino que también asimilamos mediante las actividades cotidianas. Así, aprendemos a lo largo de la vida, en cualquier etapa del ciclo vital, incluso durante la vejez.
Esta investigación expone la relación teórica y práctica entre el envejecimiento activo y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, como estrategia de conocimiento y adaptación al medio social, y de promoción de la autonomía personal. El trabajo empírico muestra los resultados del estudio cualitativo sobre la experiencia de aprendizaje de adultos mayores, sus actitudes, motivaciones y expectativas en la Universidad de Mayores de Extremadura (UMEX). Un programa de desarrollo científico-cultural de la Universidad de Extremadura, desde hace veinte años, que potencia el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la conservación y mejora de las cualidades psíquicas y físicas del alumnado sénior en esteentorno de educación no formal. La UMEX, como modelo pedagógico de práctica de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, ofrece beneficios cognitivos y relacionales favorables al envejecimiento activo; siendo evidente la importancia de la innovación en el aprendizaje para una vida longeva en comunidades educativasmás democráticas, inclusivas y transformadoras en la construcción de sociedades del conocimiento para todas las edades.
Why does decreased likeability not deter adolescent bullying perpetrators?
Authors: Garandeau Claire F. , Lansu Tessa A. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examines why the lower likeability of bullying perpetrators does not deter them from engaging in bullying behavior, by testing three hypotheses: (a) bullying perpetrators are unaware that they are disliked, (b) they value popularity more than they value likeability, (c) they think that they have nothing to lose in terms of likeability, as they believe that their targets and other classmates would dislike them anyway, regardless of their behavior. The first two hypotheses were examined in Study 1 (1,035 Dutch adolescents, M
age = 14.15) and the third hypothesis was examined in Study 2 (601 Dutch adolescents,
M
age = 12.92). Results from regression analyses showed that those higher in bullying were not more likely to overestimate their likeability. However, they were more likely than others to find being popular more important than being liked. Moreover, those higher in bullying were more likely to endorse the belief that the victimized student or the other classmates would have disliked a bullying protagonist (in vignettes of hypothetical bullying incidents) before any bullying started. These findings suggest that adolescent bullying perpetrators may not be deterred by the costs of bullying in terms of likeability, possibly because they do not value likeability that much (Hypothesis 2), and because they believe they hardly have any likeability to lose (Hypothesis 3).
Highly Carboxylated, Cellular Structured, and Underwater Superelastic Nanofibrous Aerogels for Efficient Protein Separation
Authors: Fu Qiuxia , Si Yang , Duan Cheng , Yan Zishuo , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChromatographic media with synchronously large protein adsorption capacity and high processing flux are highly desired in protein separation; however, the creation of such materials still faces enormous challenges. Herein, a robust strategy to develop highly carboxylated monolithic media by combining nanofibrous aerogels' forming technique and an in situ modification approach is reported. The obtained ion‐exchange nanofibrous aerogels (IENFAs) exhibit a unique cellular structure consisting of flexible ceramic nanofibers and a functional polymer wrapping layer, endowing them with outstanding underwater superelasticity and compressive fatigue resistance (nearly no plastic deformation after 1000 compressive cycles). Benefiting from the interconnected nanofibrous cellular structure, good hydrophilicity, high carboxylation, and excellent mechanical properties, the IENFAs exhibit synchronously promoted static (2.9 × 103 mg g−1) and dynamic (1.7 × 103 mg g−1) lysozyme adsorption capacities and improved buffer flux (2.17 × 104 L m−2 h−1, gravity driven), which are superior to these reported nanofibrous materials and commercial ion‐exchange membranes. The IENFAs also possess outstanding performance stability, easy operation, and excellent regenerability. Moreover, the IENFA‐packed column could directly and continuously separate lysozyme from egg white solely driven by gravity, highlighting their excellent practical application performance. This work may provide a new avenue to design and develop next‐generation high‐performance chromatographic media for bioseparation.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols with Hydrogen Phosphoryl Compounds: A Green Protocol for P−O Bond Formation
Authors: Li Qian‐Yu , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Hou Cheng , Wang Zi‐Qiang , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study reports the environment‐friendly electrochemical transformation of structurally diverse phosphorus compounds and alcohol into phosphonates in the presence of ammonium iodide as electrolyte and redox catalyst in acetonitrile at ambient temperature. This method for P−O bond formation exhibits remarkable features, such as transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. A reliable mechanism is proposed after control and cyclic voltammetry experiments.magnified image
Bubbling fluidized bed methanation study with resolving the mesoscale structure effects
Authors: Li Jiageng , Yang Bolun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the influence of the changes in the mesoscale structure caused by microscale chemical reactions on the macroscale properties, continuity equations, simplified momentum equations, and pressure‐drop balance equation were introduced into the conventional reactor model to accurately analyze the mesoscale phenomenon in the fluidized bed methanation system, thereby avoiding the limitation due to the use of empirical correlations to describe the mesoscale structure. The reduction of gas volume and the variations of composition and physical properties due to methanation reactions were considered in this model, and the effects of these changes on the mesoscopic flow structures and the macroscopic properties of the entire reactor were further investigated. Several experiments of fluidized bed methanation were also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed reactor model. The results showed that the suggested model can successfully predict the hydrodynamics and reaction behaviors under various operating conditions.
Bioinspiriertes Design und additive Fertigung von weichen Materialien, Maschinen, Robotern und haptischen Schnittstellen
Authors: Li Shuo , Bai Hedan , Shepherd Robert F. , Zhao Huichan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWeiche Materialien weisen einige Besonderheiten auf, wie steuerbare Verformung, unendlichen Freiheitsgrad und Selbstorganisation, die sie zu vielversprechenden Kandidaten für die Entwicklung von weichen Maschinen, Robotern und haptischen Schnittstellen machen. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über die aktuellen Fortschritte auf diesen Gebieten, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf zwei speziellen Themenfeldern liegt: bioinspiriertem Design und additiver Fertigung. Die Biologie ist eine ergiebige Quelle der Inspiration, die bei vielen funktionellen Materialien und Systemen genutzt wird, um die Funktion oder den Mechanismus biologischer Gewebe, biologischer Wirkstoffe und des biologischen Verhaltens nachzuahmen. Die additive Fertigung ermöglichte die Herstellung von Materialien und Strukturen, die in der Biologie weit verbreitet sind. Wir sind der Überzeugung, dass bioinspiriertes Design und additive Fertigung wichtige Instrumente für die Entwicklung von weichen Robotern sind und bleiben werden.
Biocatalytic Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Using a Promiscuous Biosynthetic Enzyme
Authors: Schultz Erica E. , Braffman Nathaniel R. , Luescher Michael U. , Hager Harry H. , Balskus Emily P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Friedel–Crafts alkylation is commonly used in organic synthesis to form aryl–alkyl C−C linkages. However, this reaction lacks the stereospecificity and regiocontrol of enzymatic catalysis. Here, we describe a stereospecific, biocatalytic Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the 2‐position of resorcinol rings using the cylindrocyclophane biosynthetic enzyme CylK. This regioselectivity is distinct from that of the classical Friedel–Crafts reaction. Numerous secondary alkyl halides are accepted by this enzyme, as are resorcinol rings with a variety of substitution patterns. Finally, we have been able to use this transformation to access novel analogues of the clinical drug candidate benvitimod that are challenging to construct with existing synthetic methods. These findings highlight the promise of enzymatic catalysis for enabling mild and selective C−C bond‐forming synthetic methodology.
Organic Proton‐Buffer Electrode to Separate Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution in Acid Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Guo Zhaowei , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHydrogen production from water via electrolysis in acid is attracting extensive attention as an attractive alternative approach to replacing fossil fuels. However, the simultaneous evolution of H2 and O2 requires a fluorine‐containing proton exchange membrane to prevent the gases from mixing while using the same space to concentrate the gases, which significantly increases the cost and reduces the flexibility of this approach. Here, a battery electrode based on the highly reversible enolization reaction of pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone is first introduced as a solid‐state proton buffer to separate the O2 and H2 evolution of acidic water electrolysis in space and time, through which the gas mixing issue can be avoided without using any membrane. This process allows us to separately consider H2 and O2 production according to the variation in input power (e.g., the renewable energy) and/or the location for H2 concentration, thus showing high flexibility for H2 production.
Branched‐Selective Direct α‐Alkylation of Cyclic Ketones with Simple Alkenes
Authors: Xing Dong , Qi Xiaotian , Marchant Daniel , Liu Peng , Dong Guangbin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, we describe an intermolecular direct branched‐selective α‐alkylation of cyclic ketones with simple alkenes as the alkylation agents. Through an enamine‐transition metal cooperative catalysis mode, the α‐alkylation is realized in an atom‐ and step‐economic manner with excellent branched selectivity for preparing β‐branched ketones. Employment of a pair of bulky Brønsted acid and base as additives is responsible for enhanced efficiency. Promising enantioselectivity (74 % ee) has been obtained. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that a pathway through alkene migratory insertion into the Ir−C bond followed by C−H reductive elimination is involved for the high branched selectivity.