bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PYCR1 is associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Qiu-Li , Liu Ling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to determine the function of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) on progression of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and related mechanism.

Methods
The TCGA database provided us expression profiles of PYCR1 and overall survival rates. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown PYCR1; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were conducted to identify the expression levels of mRNA and protein. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to explore cell viability in Ketr-3 cells. The migration and invasion of Ketr-3 cells were investigated by transwell assays.

Results
We found that PYCR1 was over-expressed in PRCC tissues and cells, causing poor outcomes. Moreover, reduction of PYCR1 played a negative role on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in tumor cells. The important Akt/mTOR pathway proteins, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), also showed lower levels compared with control groups.

Conclusion
These findings showed that disordered expression of PYCR1 could modulate PRCC progression through the Akt/mTOR pathway, implying a theoretical basis for PYCR1 as a potential therapeutic target in future clinical PRCC treatment.
Pioneers in International Administration: A Prosopography of the Directors of the League of Nations Secretariat
Authors: Kahlert Torsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article investigates interwar internationalism from the perspective of the highest personnel of the first large-scale international administration, the League of Nations Secretariat. It applies a prosopographical approach in order to map out the development of the composition of the group of the section directors of the Secretariat over time in terms of its social and cultural characteristics and career trajectories. The analysis of gender, age, nationality, as well as educational and professional backgrounds and careers after their service for the League’s Secretariat gives insight on how this group changed over time and what it tells us about interwar internationalism. I have three key findings to offer in this article: First, the Secretariat was far from being a static organization. On the contrary, the Secretariat’s directors developed in three generations each with distinct characteristics. Second, my analysis demonstrates a clear trend towards professionalization and growing maturity of the administration over time. Third, the careers of the directors show a clear pattern of continuity across the Second World War and beyond. Even though the careers continued in different organizational contexts, the majority of the directors remained closely connected to the world of internationalism of the League, the UN world and its surrounding organizations. On a methodological level, the article offers an example of how prosopographical analysis can be used to study international organizations.
A Measure of Judgments – Wilhelm Röpke’s Methodological Heresy
Authors: Christ Kevin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As early as 1932, Wilhelm Röpke’s social diagnosis of historical liberalism was coupled with a methodological critique of his own discipline, one in which he sought to revisit what seemed to have become settled business: the role of value judgments in social science. His interpretation of the collapse of cultural liberalism included a sense of culpability on the part of social scientists who had not been, in his view, strong enough in their defense of a moral framework within which cultural liberalism could survive. Yet the positivist movement in social science, because of its interpretation of Max Weber’s proscription, had consciously treated value statements as unscientific. Röpke’s arguments regarding the need to “re-orient” the social sciences were anti-positivist, and his correspondence with colleagues reflects that. They were views that he held to the end of his career and are an important part of our understanding of what came to be known as Röpke’s economic humanism.
Democracy by Discussion, Not Debate: James Buchanan on Freedom of Inquiry as a Methodological, not Ideological, Necessity
Authors: Boettke Peter J. , King M. Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Freedom of inquiry remains one of the core tenants of the liberal project. However, in a 1960 letter, James M. Buchanan argued that free inquiry was important for more than just philosophical reasons. In fact, freedom of inquiry and the ability to participate in collective choice processes was at the heart of Buchanan’s methodological commitments to social science and foundational to the entire project of Virginia Political Economy. In this paper, we will show why freedom of inquiry assumes the central place that it holds in Buchanan’s methodology and research more broadly. Insisting on inquiry being open and free to all was not simply an ideological preference held by Buchanan—rather, to him it was the only way forward for Virginia Political Economy.
Die Europäische Währungsunion aus traditioneller und moderner ordnungsökonomischer Perspektive
Authors: Feld Lars P. , Köhler Ekkehard A. , Nientiedt Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ist die Europäische Währungsunion aus ordnungsökonomischer Perspektive eine „gute“ Geldverfassung? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, unterscheiden wir zwischen einer traditionellen und eine modernen Perspektive der Ordnungsökonomik. Wir erläutern traditionelle Geldordnungsvorstellungen und vergleichen diese mit geldpolitischen Argumenten der modernen Verfassungsökonomik, insbesondere mit dem Werk von James M. Buchanan. Mit diesem Beitrag möchten wir für die Modernisierung der Ordnungsökonomik werben, um sie besser an den internationalen Diskurs in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften anschließen zu können.
70 Jahre Wirtschafts- und Währungsreform: Von der Rekonstruktionstheorie zur Ordnungspolitik
Authors: Schäfer Wolf 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Es gibt mindestens zwei grundsätzlich alternative Ansätze für die Würdigung der Wirtschafts- und Währungsreform vor 70 Jahren: Die Rekonstruktionsthese besagt, dass sie im Kern keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das erhöhte Wirtschaftswachstum im Nachkriegsdeutschland gehabt habe. Das behauptete Erhardsche „Wirtschaftswunder“ sei ein Mythos. Wachstum sei vielmehr durch die langfristige Produktivität eines Landes bestimmt. Die Gegenthese lautet, dass es ohne die Währungs- und Wirtschaftsreform nicht zu dem fulminanten Wirtschaftsaufschwung in der Trizone und in Westdeutschland gekommen wäre. Denn es waren gerade die neuen Regeln der Ordnungspolitik, insbesondere der Wirtschaftsli2beralisierung, die den Schub zum erstarkten Wachstum erzeugten. Was kann man heute in Deutschland und Europa daraus lernen? Angesichts der zunehmenden staatlichen Interventions- und Regulierungsintensitäten, die sich u. a. in administrierten Höchst- und Mindestpreisen, Vorschriften, Verboten etc. dokumentieren, ist der Rückblick vor allem auf die Wirtschaftsbefreiungspolitik Ludwig Erhards vor 70 Jahren ordnungsökonomisch lehrreich.
Ordoliberalismus vs. Wirtschaftspopulismus: Unterschiedliche Konzepte für ähnliche Wähler
Authors: Hesse Nils , Karstens Felix 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Wähler Donald Trumps, des Brexits und populistischer Parteien leitet weniger materielle Sorgen, grundsätzliche Vorbehalte gegen internationalen Freihandel oder eine ausgeprägte Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Vielmehr empfinden diese Wähler stärker als andere Wählergruppen eine politische Ohnmacht, Unbehagen angesichts des gesellschaftlichem (Werte-)Wandel und Verunsicherung über eine bislang unbekannte Migrationsdynamik. Welche Antworten können etablierte Parteien diesen Wählern geben, ohne die Position wirtschaftspopulistischer Parteien einfach zu kopieren? Wie kann der zunehmenden Spaltung der Gesellschaft Einhalt geboten werden? Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass es dazu keiner neuen politischer Konzepte und auch keiner Umverteilungsprogramme oder protektionistischen Aktionismus bedarf. Vielmehr bietet das bewährte ordoliberale Konzept überzeugende Antworten auch für eliten- und migrationsskeptische Wähler und kann so geistige Risse in der Gesellschaft kitten.
Interventionsspiralen in der Europäischen Währungsunion
Authors: Starbatty Joachim 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der entscheidende Unterschied zwischen der Währungsreform von 1948 und der Euroeinführung 1999 besteht darin, dass 1948 Preise wieder zu Knappheitssignalen wurden und 1999 die zentralen Preise, Wechselkurse und Zinsen, als Knappheitssignale abgeschafft wurden. Ludwig von Mises hat gezeigt, dass politische Interventionen in die marktwirtschaftliche Interdependenz Interventionsspiralen auslösen. Nach 1948 entfielen sie, nach der Einführung des Euro waren sie unvermeidlich. Die für die südliche Peripherie zu niedrigen Zinsen lösten Produktionsverzerrungen aus und die unterschiedliche Entwicklung der nationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit konnte nicht mehr durch Wechselkursänderungen kompensiert werden. Um den Zusammenhalt der Eurozone zu sichern, wurden die Europäischen Verträge gebrochen und die Geldpolitik wurde zu einem Paradigmenwechsel genötigt. Wegen der Fragilität der Währungsunion dreht sich die Interventionsspirale weiter. Derzeit ist absehbar, dass die einzelstaatliche Verantwortlichkeit in eine umfassende Haftungsunion einmündet.
WiFi Electromagnetic Field Modelling for Indoor Localization
Authors: Lipinski Piotr , Leplawy Marcin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop simplified model for WiFi electromagnetic field propagation. The model can be used in preliminary estimation of WiFi transmitter localization for the purpose of WiFi-based indoor localization. It can be particularly useful when designing structural networks.We have developed a simplified linear model of WiFi electromagnetic field modelling and compared it with the most commonly used, more sophisticated models and with measurement results which were carried out in the laboratory. As demonstrated by the results of measurements conducted using various hardware, the accuracy of this simplified model introduced is similar to the commonly used models, but the number of parameters is lower. Therefore, our model easier to implement in real life conditions. The model presented in this paper enables WiFi electromagnetic field modelling when the exact values of propagation parameters and transmitter characteristics is unknown. This is usually the case at the early stage of structural network design,when exact parameters of building construction materials are not known. As the model is very simple, it does not require much effort to deploy, while its accuracy is sufficient for preliminary WiFi transmitter localization. Simplified models of WiFi electromagnetic field propagation are known, but no comparative research combined with measurements has been done in this field. This paper provides a comparison of different electromagnetic field models which can be applied to WiFi electromagnetic field propagation together with measurement results.
Influence of chemical postprocessing on mechanical properties of laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts
Authors: Wörz Andreas , Wiedau Livia C. , Wudy Katrin , Wegner Andreas , Witt Gerd , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A limiting factor for industrial usage of laser-sintered parts is the high surface roughness due to the semi-molten or attaching powder particles resulting from tool and pressureless manufacturing. An approach to improve the surface quality is the postprocessing with acids to smoothen the surface as it enables improvement without geometrical restrictions of the parts. The present work deals with the usage of nitric, hydrochloric, and trifluoroacetic acids, and exhibits the influence on the resulting surface morphology, dimensional accuracy, and the mechanical properties. The results exhibit different interaction mechanics and show great differences in the resulting part properties.
Gene silencing of Col1α1 by RNAi in rat myocardium fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Guang-Mou , He Zi-Wei , Li Ying , Li Jing-Jing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1α1) not only acts as a scaffold for the cell matrix, but also is involved in myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to screen an efficient shRNA specific to rat Col1α1 gene.

Methods
The shRNA expression plasmids targeting Col1α1 were constructed and their knockdown efficiency was examined by qPCR and Western blot.

Results
Three shRNA expression plasmids targeting Col1α1 were successfully constructed, as suggested by analysis of restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The Col1α1 shRNA-expressing plasmids were then transfected into rat cardiac fibroblasts with high efficiency. The qPCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that Col1α1 expression at both mRNA and protein level was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) in shRNA-transfected cells compared to scrambled shRNA-transfected cells.

Conclusion
A Col1α1-specific shRNA with high efficiency of gene silencing is successfully obtained. The construction of Col1α1 shRNA-expressing plasmid lays the foundation for the further studies on the role of Col1α1 gene in myocardial fibrosis.
First Principles Study of Thermodynamic Properties of CdxZn1−xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Ternary Alloys
Authors: Aarifeen Najm ul , Ahmad Afaq , Munir H. Bushra , Bakar Abu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A systematic first principles study has been carried on zinc oxide and their Cd-substituted ternary alloys in the zinc blende phase for the measurement of various thermodynamic parameters over a wide range of temperature (0–1200 K) and pressure (0–10 GPa). A significant change in various thermodynamic parameters of Cd-substituted ZnO has been noted. Cd-rich CdxZn1−xO has the least thermal conductivity, bulk modulus and Debye temperature, whereas maximum molar heat capacities, Grüneisen parameter and entropy. The anharmonicity of the semiconducting system changes in response to temperature and pressure variation, which in turn control thermal expansion. Internal energy, free energy and entropy are more temperature sensitive as compared to pressure.
La formación de ciudadanos globales a través de la educación experiencial en los modelos de negociación
Authors: Ramírez Montañez Julio , Valero Gladys Mireya , Calles Rafael De Jesús , Morales Niño Adriana , Vera Pereira Carlos , Plata García Viviana 
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el proceso de educación experiencial desarrollado con la implementación de los modelos de negociación en escenarios reales en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia), y así determinar los principales aspectos que pudieran ser considerados por las delegaciones participantes en el proceso de selección, preparación, simulación y desarrollo en este tipo de modelos. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, la metodología desarrollada se basó en el análisis de 102 encuestas realizadas a delegados de 42 universidades de 12 países que participaron en modelos de negociación en el período 2014-2018. Los resultados sugieren que los encuestados consideran que el principal beneficio de su participación en los modelos, fue la experiencia obtenida en el conocimiento del manejo de asuntos globales; así mismo, los encuestados consideran que la principal habilidad que debe tener un delegado al participar en los modelos, es saber trabajar bajo presión; de igual forma, consideran que los conocimientos adquiridos como resultado de su participación en estos modelos están relacionados con temas sobre negociación intercultural; finalmente, se determina que la principal adversidad que los delegados han enfrentado durante los modelos, es la interacción con los demás participantes debido a diferencias ideológicas, culturales e idiomáticas.
Estratificação incremental com resina composta: reprodução de efeitos ópticos incisais em restauração classe IV
Authors: De Castro Pereira Alana , Schweigert Bona Vitor , Villabona Lopez Juan Pablo , Monteiro Junior Sylvio 
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar o protocolo clínico utilizado na realização de restaurações estéticas um relato de caso clínico demonstrando a técnica de estratificação incremental em resina composta para a construção dos efeitos ópticos em uma restauração do tipo Classe IV. Reproduzir as características dentais presentes no terço incisal de incisivos centrais superiores pode ser um desafio estético para o odontólogo. O profissional necessita ter o conhecimento das técnicas de inserção das diferentes camadas de resina visando garantir o mimetismo óptico dental. Além disso há uma vasta gama de compósitos que possuem diferentes graus de opacidade, croma, saturação e efeito opalescente, que aliados ao treinamento do operador, visam garantir o sucesso clínico na reprodução de tais características dentais. O resultado dependerá da criteriosa sequência de passos que envolve desde o diagnóstico até as etapas de acabamento e polimento.
24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Impulsivity
Authors: Guerrero Michelle D. , Barnes Joel D. , Walsh Jeremy J. , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Tremblay Mark S. , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:
The objective of this study was to examine individual and concurrent associations between meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (9–11 hours of sleep per night, ≤2 hours of recreational screen time (ST) per day, and at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day) and dimensions of impulsivity.

METHODS:
Data from this cross-sectional observational study were part of the first annual curated release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Participants included 4524 children between the ages of 8 and 11 years.

RESULTS:
In analyses, it was shown that adherence to individual movement behavior recommendations as well as combinations of adherence to movement behavior recommendations were associated with each dimension of impulsivity. Meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower positive urgency (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.12 to −0.05), negative urgency (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.08), Behavioral Inhibition System (95% CI: −0.08 to −0.01), greater perseverance (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.15), and better scores on delay-discounting (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.94). Meeting the ST and sleep recommendations was associated with less impulsive behaviors on all dimensions of impulsivity: negative urgency (95% CI: −0.20 to −0.10), positive urgency (95% CI: −0.16 to −0.08), perseverance (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.15), Behavioral Inhibition System (95% CI: −0.15 to −0.03), Behavioral Activation System (BAS) reward responsiveness (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.05), BAS drive (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.06), BAS fun-seeking (95% CI: −0.15 to −0.17), and delay-discounting task (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.97).

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings support efforts to determine if limiting recreational ST while promoting adequate sleep enhances the treatment and prevention of impulsivity-related disorders.
Influence of Mn\(^{2+}\) Doping on Structural Phase Transformation and Optical Property of TiO\(_2\):Mn\(^{2+}\) Nanoparticles
Authors: Loan Trinh Thi , Long Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: August 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with various Mn2+-doping concentration (from 0 to 12 mol%) were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), and manganese II chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2.4H2O) as precursors. The phase and crystallinity of the synthesized materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy. Diffuse reflection and photoluminescence spectra were taken to investigate the absorption and emission characteristics of the synthesized samples. The results show that the anatase and rutile phases existed simultaneously in all the doping TiO2 nanoparticles and the Mn2+ doping enhances anatase-rutile transformation. The Mn2+ contents did not affect the lattice of TiO2 host, but affected positions of its Raman modes. The optical band gap of the TiO2:Mn2+ decreases with the increase of doping concentration. Photoluminescence spectra of the TiO2:Mn2+ nanopaticles showed the transitions between the bands, the transitions related to defect states and the Mn2+ ion doping leads to quenching the photoluminescence.
Psychometric assessment of chronic pain syndrome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Santimov Andrei V. , Chasnyk Viacheslav G. , Grechanyi Severin V. 
Published: August 2019

Background. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. Chronic pain is one of the most frequent and difficult to objectively assess symptom of JIA. The influence of psychosocial factors on the severity of pain complicates the objective assessment of pain syndrome in JIA, necessary to assess the control of the disease and raises the question of the possible use of psychological questionnaires to objectify pain in patients with JIA.
Aim: to assess the intensity of pain syndrome, the level of social disadaptations, description of sensory and affective components of pain in patients with JIA, depending on the activity of the disease and the presence or absence of chronic pain syndrome.
Materials and methods. 147 school-age patients with verified diagnosis of JIA were examined. All patients included in the study underwent a traditional rheumatological examination with the assessment of disease activity according to the criteria of the American College of rheumatologists for pediatric patients. The severity of pain syndrome on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 was determined separately by patients and their parents, patients independently filled in the Von Korff Questionnaire and the McGill pain questionnaire.
Results. There were no differences in the severity of pain syndrome between patients with signs of arthritis activity and without signs of arthritis activity according to VAS, Van Korff and McGill questionnaires.
Conclusion. On the example of the studied patients, it is not possible to link chronic pain syndrome in JIA with the activity of arthritis. It is necessary to further study the possible causes of chronic pain syndrome in children with JIA, including anxiety and depressive disorders for a better understanding of the nature of chronic pain and search for additional methods of its treatment.
Expression of bovine leukemia virus antigen in breast cancer tissue
Authors: Nasyrov Ruslan A. , Shramko Aleksey D. 
Published: August 2019

Breast cancer is a serious medical and social problem for most developed countries of the world. The search for new prognostic factors and targets for targeted therapy currently continues to be a pressing issue, as there are forms of breast cancer with uncertain targets for any type of therapy. The purpose of this work is to conduct an immunohistochemical study to detect and evaluate the expression of the antigen of the cow leukemia virus in the tissue of various types of breast cancer.
Method. 100 cases of breast cancer were investigated, divided into subgroups, the studied parameters: steroid hormone receptors, HER2 / neu, VEGF, BLV expression, molecular genetic research on BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations.
Results. In the group of triple negative breast cancer, 4 cases were detected expressing a cow leukosis virus antigen. Expression was represented by grains and clumps in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the tumor cell membrane, the wall of microvessels. Also in these cases, increased expression of VEGF was detected.
Conclusion. The results indicate that expression of the BLV antigen was observed only in cases of poorly differentiated triple negative breast cancer. It is also noteworthy that the same type of BRCA1 gene mutation (5382insC) and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor were detected in these tumors. The authors first used the immunohistochemical method for detecting the antigen of the BLV virus, which made it possible to reliably confirm its presence in breast tumors with similar molecular genetic and immunohistochemical profiles.