bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between maternal birth complications and postpartum depressive symptoms: A systematic narrative review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cárdenas Emilia F , Yu Eileen , Jackson Maya , Humphreys Kathryn L , Kujawa Autumn 
Published: February 2025

Background: Nearly half of people report birth-related complications, which is thought to be a risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD). Objectives: The goal of this systematic narrative review and meta-analysis was to provide an updated examination of the literature linking specific maternal birth complications and PPD. Design: A systematic review was conducted focused on studies examining associations between specific maternal birth complications and PPD symptoms/and or diagnoses, along with meta-analyses to quantify the magnitude of associations for specific experiences. The review protocol was not pre-registered. Methods: Searches were completed using PsycINFO and PubMed databases. We used four eligibility criteria: (a) article available in English, (b) study included a measure of dimensional or diagnostic depression, (c) include discrete experience of birth-related complication, and (d) included a statistical test of the bivariate association between depression in the postpartum period and a measure of birth-related complication. We excluded studies of newborn intensive care or infant health conditions, rather than maternal birth complications directly impacting the pregnant person’s health. All analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. We considered patterns in sampling, measurement, and analytic designs. To address publication bias, we examined funnel plots and calculated Egger’s test. Results: The review (61 studies; 1,853,282 total participants) revealed four categories of maternal birth complications (i.e., cesarean, preterm birth, pain, laceration). Both the narrative review and meta-analysis support positive associations between maternal birth complications overall and PPD symptoms and diagnoses (odds ratio, OR = 1.47, p < 0.001), with specific associations observed for cesarean deliveries (non-emergency: 1,792,725 participants; OR = 1.30, p < 0.001; emergency: 14,199 participants; OR = 1.48, p = 0.001), preterm birth (39,291 participants; OR = 1.97, p < 0.001), and pain (3,708 participants; OR = 1.75, p = 0.009). ORs were small-to-medium in magnitude. Laceration alone was not significantly associated with PPD (3,356 participants; OR = 1.18, p = 0.692). Conclusions: This study expands upon previous research and provides nuanced perspective on the relationship between different types of maternal birth complications and PPD. This review was supported by a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship and 1F31MH135650-01.
Adverse events after adjuvant radiation therapy for Dupuytren’s disease in the DEPART randomized trial
Authors: Burgess Tanya , Wegener Eric , McClelland Brett , Hunter-Smith David , Werker Paul M.N. , Martin Jarad ,   DEPART Clinical Trial Collaboration
Published: February 2025

This study reports adverse events after adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with Dupuytren’s disease. Patients for planned limited fasciectomy, collagenase injection or percutaneous needle fasciotomy were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients were randomized to observation or radiotherapy (30 Gy, 10 fractions) starting within 4 days of the procedure. During a follow-up period of up to 4 years, 114 adverse events were reported. Of 102 (89%) mild adverse events, 45 (44.1%) were attributed to radiotherapy. Of the 12 moderate to severe, three were attributed to radiotherapy. By 6 months, most moderate to severe adverse events had resolved. Between 12 and 36 month follow-ups, the only persistent adverse event attributed to radiotherapy was reduced sweating. In this trial of adjuvant radiotherapy for Dupuytren’s disease, adverse events are generally mild and self-limiting, suggesting that adjuvant radiotherapy is well tolerated. Level of evidence: Level 2, individual RCT
Management of an infected metacarpophalangeal joint replacement with a temporary articulated cement spacer
Authors: Kamiza Michael M. , Halsey Timothy J. 
Published: February 2025

We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with an infected metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty, treated with an articulating cement spacer over a K-wire framework. This technique maintained joint movement during the management of the infection, leading to a positive functional outcome. Level of evidence: V
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Case-Based Learning Aimed at Improving Undergraduate Medical Students’ Satisfaction, Attitude, Knowledge, and Skills in the Anatomy Course: An Interventional Study
Authors: Salehi Amir Mohammad , Ramezani Mahdi , Khanlarzadeh Elham , Khatiban Mahnaz , Ahmadian Mohammad , Alizadeh Zohreh 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE Anatomy, a foundational preclinical course in medical education, is crucial for students. However, a comprehensive comparison of case-based learning (CBL) and lecture-based learning (LBL) in anatomy instruction is lacking. This study investigates the effectiveness of CBL and LBL methods in a lower limb anatomy course, evaluating medical students' satisfaction, attitudes, knowledge, and skills. METHOD This prospective cohort comparison study was conducted over three academic years, using a hybrid instructional approach to accommodate COVID-19 protocols. Six groups of undergraduate medical students (n = 466) were randomly assigned to either CBL (n = 231) or LBL (n = 235). Both groups had the same curriculum, learning objectives, and instructor. The LBL group received lectures, while the CBL group engaged with clinical cases and radiographic images, followed by interaction and knowledge application. Questionnaires were used to collect data on student demographics, satisfaction, and attitudes, and learning progress was assessed through tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 with t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (≤ .05). RESULTS Compared to the LBL group, the CBL group demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge (15.05 ± 3.12 vs. 13.32 ± 3.77; P < .001) and skills (15.54 ± 3.95 vs. 12.75 ± 5.09; P < .001). Students in the CBL group also reported significantly greater satisfaction ( P < .001) and a more positive attitude toward the learning method (42.78 ± 8.01 vs. 34.7 ± 35.64; P < .001). CONCLUSION CBL significantly enhances knowledge, skills, satisfaction, and attitudes of first-year medical students learning lower limb anatomy. This makes CBL an effective instructional method for anatomy courses.
Chronic exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid improves cognition and increases locomotor activity in Tg4-42 Alzheimer's disease mice
Authors: Ott Frederik W , Sichler Marius E , Bouter Caroline , Enayati Marzieh , Wiltfang Jens , Bayer Thomas A , Beindorff Nicola , Löw Maximilian J , Bouter Yvonne 
Published: February 2025

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and behavior impairments. Despite recent approvals of anti-amyloid antibodies, there remains a need for disease modifying and easily accessible therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system may hold promise for AD therapy as it plays a crucial role in different physiological processes, including learning, memory and anxiety, as well as inflammatory and immune responses. Objective In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 on memory deficits in Tg4-42 transgenic mice. Methods Tg4-42 mice were assigned to two treatment groups to investigate the preventive effects of WIN 55,212-2 after a prolonged washout period, as well as the therapeutic effects of WIN 55,212-2 on behavior. Furthermore, the effects of WIN 55,212-2 treatment on AD pathology, including inflammation, amyloid-β load, neurogenesis, and brain glucose metabolism, were evaluated. Results Therapeutic WIN 55,212-2 treatment rescued recognition memory and spatial reference deficits in Tg4-42 mice. Furthermore, therapeutic WIN 55,212-2 administration improved motor performance. In addition, preventative WIN 55,212-2 treatment rescued spatial learning and reference memory deficits. Importantly, WIN 55,212-2 treatment did not affect anxiety-like behavior. However, therapeutic and preventative WIN 55,212-2 treatment resulted in an increase locomotor activity and swimming speed in Tg4-42 mice. WIN-treatment reduced microgliosis in the hippocampus of preventively treated mice and rescued brain glucose metabolism in therapeutically treated Tg4-42 mice. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the therapeutic promise of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 in alleviating behavioral and cognitive deficits linked to AD.
Application of implementation science frameworks to inform the adaptation process of an evidence-based eating disorder prevention program for high-risk perinatal individuals
Authors: Vanderkruik Rachel , Woodworth Emily C. , Frisch Caroline M. , Nelson Stacey , Dunk Madison M. , Freeman Marlene P. , Cohen Lee S. , Stice Eric , Bartels Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

Background The perinatal period is a high-risk time for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Evidence-based interventions for disordered eating have not been adapted to address the needs of this population. We describe the process of adapting the Body Project, an evidence-based eating disorder (ED) prevention program, for pregnant individuals with histories of disordered eating behaviors. Method Our approach is informed by ADAPT, a framework offering guidance for adapting interventions to new contexts, to modify the Body Project for pregnant individuals. Following initial adaptations informed by a needs assessment and stakeholder input, we conducted a pilot trial with individuals who have lived experience relative to our target population (i.e., previously pregnant individuals with ED history, n = 10). Participants provided feedback on the intervention through surveys and a focus group assessing perceptions of the intervention and barriers and facilitators to its implementation as guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Eighty percent of enrolled participants attended five or more sessions (out of six). Across sessions, average satisfaction ratings were 9.28 (1 =  poor to 10 =  excellent). Most participants (89%) reported improvements in body satisfaction. Approximately 33% reported reductions in disordered eating with the remainder reporting no change due to healthy eating behaviors at baseline. Themes from the focus group are reported aligning with CFIR domains and all final modifications are summarized and reported aligning with the Framework for Reporting Adaptation and Modifications-Enhanced. Conclusions Applying implementation science frameworks to structure our process for making and summarizing planned adaptations, we adapted an empirically supported ED prevention program for pregnant individuals with histories of an ED. We made adaptation decisions based on participant feedback while weighing intervention fidelity and scalability. We will formally test the adapted intervention in a subsequent pilot randomized controlled trial versus a time- and dose-matched educational control.
A Scoping Review of Community Harm Reduction Strategies for Maternal and Fetal Opioid Impacts: Implications for Policy
Authors: Voss Maren Wright , Smid Marcela C. , Herrick Julie C. , Cleveland Aarica , Van Komen Amelia , Johanson Joli , Huntington Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Background: Community-based harm reduction for opioid use may be crucial for mitigating maternal and fetal harms by reducing information bias, fostering trust, and connecting individuals to essential treatment and services. This scoping review examines community-based harm reduction strategies and policies addressing maternal opioid use occurring in nonclinical settings, including stigma reduction, public health education, service access, and integration. The objectives of this scoping review are to 1) delineate community-based harm reduction approaches; 2) contextualize findings; 3) identify policy gaps; and 4) synthesize insights for policy. Methods: A systematic selection of articles was conducted using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three search domains (mother–child dyad, opioid misuse, and harm reduction) were used from PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus databases from 2013 onward. Articles were screened using title and abstract review, full-text analysis, and cross-referencing to ensure relevance. Articles focusing on policy related to community-based harm reduction strategies for pregnant individuals experiencing opioid misuse were included in the final review. Results: Initial search yielded 548 articles with 45 articles identified as domain relevant. After full-text review, 26 articles were included in final scoping review. Number of publications increased over time (2013-2017, n = 6; 2018-2021, n = 20). Twenty articles (77%) addressed multisystem level interventions, defined as coordinated strategies across multiple sectors (e.g., healthcare, education, and social services) and favored supportive (over punitive) harm reduction methods. Identified needs included addressing socioeconomic disparities and ensuring equitable access to care. Literature gaps highlight an oversimplification of outcomes such as narrow definitions of neonatal abstinence syndrome that do not account for overall harm reduction. Conclusions: Policy review favored systemic interventions over individual-level criminalization or remediation. Community-based, comprehensive, integrated, and supportive care received less attention than medication-based treatment. These results underscore urgent need for consideration of evidence-based community-level harm reduction strategies to effectively address maternal opioid use and its associated challenges.
Constitutive systemic inflammation in Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Sabbioni Giuseppe , D’Aversa Elisabetta , Breveglieri Giulia , Altieri Maria Teresa , Boni Christian , Pegoraro Anna , Finotti Alessia , Gambari Roberto , D’Amico Giovanna , Vella Antonio , Lippi Giuseppe , Cipolli Marco , Bezzerri Valentino , Borgatti Monica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and purpose
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disease belonging to the inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and characterized by hypocellular bone marrow, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities. SDS is associated with increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although SDS is not primarily considered an inflammatory disorder, some of the associated conditions (e.g., neutropenia, pancreatitis and bone marrow dysfunction) may involve inflammation or immune system dysfunctions. We have already demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were hyperactivated and associated with elevated IL-6 levels in SDS leukocytes. In this study, we analyzed the level of phosphoproteins involved in STAT3 and mTOR pathways in SDS lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) and the secretomic profile of soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in SDS plasma and LCLs in order to investigate the systemic inflammation in these patients and relative pathways.

Methods
Twenty-six SDS patients and seven healthy donors of comparable age were recruited during the programmed follow-up visits for clinical evaluation at the Verona Cystic Fibrosis Center Human. The obtained samples (plasma and/or LCLs) were analyzed for: phosphoproteins, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors levels by Bio-plex technology; microRNAs profiling by next generation sequencing (NGS) and microRNAs expression validation by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) .

Results
We demonstrated dysregulation of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphoproteins in SDS, as their involvement in the hyperactivation of the STAT3 and mTOR pathways confirmed the interplay of these pathways in SDS pathophysiology. However, both these signaling pathways are strongly influenced by the inflammatory environment. Here, we reported that SDS is characterized by elevated plasma levels of several soluble proinflammatory mediators. In vitro experiments show that these pro-inflammatory genes are closely correlated with STAT3/mTOR pathway activation. In addition, we found that miR-181a-3p is down-regulated in SDS. Since this miRNA acts as a regulator of several pro-inflammatory pathways such as STAT3 and ERK1/2, its down-regulation may be a driver of the constitutive inflammation observed in SDS patients.

Conclusions
The results obtained in this study shed light on the complex pathogenetic mechanism underlying bone marrow failure and leukemogenesis in SDS, suggesting the need for anti-inflammatory therapies for SDS patients.
Preoperative conjunctival flora and antibiotic susceptibility in cataract surgery patients at Ibn Al-Haitham teaching eye hospital in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Fenjan Mohammed A. , Hamied Furkaan Majied , Al Sakini Ahmed Sermed , Khorsheed Hamzeh , Al-aish Sandra Thair 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Endophthalmitis is a rare but severe eye inflammatory disorder caused by bacterial infection that can occur after cataract surgery. Most bacteria are part of the patient’s natural flora, and even with antibiotic treatment, it causes considerable ocular morbidity and vision loss.

Purpose
To investigate the preoperative conjunctival flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients undergoing cataract surgery at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, a tertiary ophthalmology center in Baghdad, Iraq.

Methods
This cross-sectional, single-center study based on conjunctival swabs of patients prior to cataract surgery and cultured using blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics Version 23.

Results
A total of 200 patients (200 conjunctival swabs of consecutive 200 eyes) scheduled for cataract surgery were included. Positive cultures were found in 45 (24%) patients. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism (75% of isolates), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14.58%), Aspergillus species (6.25%), and E. coli (4.17%). S. epidermidis showed the highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (97.2%) and chloramphenicol (94.4%) and the lowest sensitivity to fusidic acid (11.1%) and ceftazidime (5.6%). S. aureus exhibited the highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol (100%) and tobramycin (85.7%) but was completely resistant to ceftazidime and fusidic acid (100% resistance). E. coli isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.

Conclusion
The study revealed conjunctival microbial colonization in 24% of cataract surgery candidates, with S. epidermidis being the most prevalent isolate. Chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin showed high sensitivity. Fusidic acid and Ceftazidime exhibited negligible sensitivity.
How do people with multimorbidity prioritise healthcare when faced with tighter financial constraints? A national survey with a choice experiment component
Authors: Larkin James , Foley Louise , Timmons Shane , Hickey Tony , Clyne Barbara , Harrington Patricia , Smith Susan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
People with multimorbidity (i.e., two or more chronic conditions) experience increased out-of-pocket healthcare costs and are vulnerable to cost-related non-adherence to recommended treatment. The aim of this study was to understand how people with multimorbidity prioritise different healthcare services when faced with tighter budget constraints and how they experience cost-related non-adherence.

Methods
A national cross-sectional online survey incorporating a choice experiment was conducted. Participants were adults aged 40 years or over with at least one chronic condition, recruited in Ireland (December 2021 to March 2022). The survey included questions about real-life experiences of cost-related non-adherence and financial burden. The choice experiment element involved participants identifying how they would prioritise their real-world healthcare utilisation if their monthly personal healthcare budget was reduced by 25%.

Results
Among the 962 participants, 64.9% (n = 624) had multimorbidity. Over one third (34.5%, n = 332) of participants reported cost-related non-adherence in the previous 12 months, which included not attending a healthcare appointment and/or not accessing medication. Similar findings on prioritisation were observed on the choice task. When presented with the hypothetical tighter budget constraint, participants reduced expenditure on ‘other healthcare (hospital visits, specialist doctors, etc.)’ by the greatest percentage (50.2%) and medicines by the lowest percentage (24.8%). Participants with multimorbidity tended to have a condition they prioritised over others. On average, they reduced expenditure for their top-priority condition by 71% less than would be expected if all conditions were valued equally, while they reduced expenditure for their least prioritised condition by 60% more than would be expected. Independence, symptom control and staying alive were rated as the most important influencing factors when making prioritisation decisions (median score = 5 out of 5).

Conclusion
When faced with tighter financial constraints, people with multimorbidity tended to have a condition they prioritised over others. Participants were also more likely to prioritise medicines over other aspects of healthcare. Researchers, policymakers and clinicians should take greater consideration of the different ways people respond to tighter financial constraints. This could involve reducing the payment barriers to accessing care or clinicians discussing healthcare costs and coverage with patients as part of cost-of-care conversations.