bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is prevalence of e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use among smokers associated with average cigarette consumption in England? A time-series analysis
Authors: Beard Emma , Brown Jamie , Michie Susan , West Robert 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesMany smokers use e-cigarettes and licensed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), often in an attempt to reduce their cigarette consumption. We estimated how far changes in prevalence of e-cigarette and NRT use while smoking were accompanied by changes in cigarette consumption at the population level.DesignRepeated representative cross-sectional population surveys of adults aged 16+ years in England.MethodsWe used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogeneous Input (ARIMAX) modelling of monthly data between 2006 and 2016 from the Smoking Toolkit Study. Prevalence of e-cigarette use and NRT use in current smokers, and specifically for smoking reduction and temporary abstinence, were input variables. Mean daily cigarette consumption was the dependent variable. Analyses involved adjustment for mass media expenditure and tobacco-control policies.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between changes in use of e-cigarettes (β −0.012, 95% CI −0.026 to 0.002) or NRT (β 0.015, 95% CI −0.026 to 0.055) while smoking and daily cigarette consumption. Neither did we find clear evidence for an association between e-cigarette use (β −0.010, 95% CI −0.025 to 0.005 and β 0.011, 95%–0.027 to 0.004) or NRT use (β 0.006, 95%–0.030 to 0.043 and β 0.022, 95%–0.020 to 0.063) specifically for smoking reduction and temporary abstinence, respectively, and changes in daily cigarette consumption.ConclusionIf use of e-cigarettes and licensed NRT while smoking acted to reduce cigarette consumption in England between 2006 and 2016, the effect was likely very small at a population level.
Cross-sectional study of cognitive stress appraisal and related factors among workers in metropolitan areas of Japan
Authors: Tohmiya Natsuka , Tadaka Etsuko , Arimoto Azusa 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveStress has major socioeconomic implications for all spheres of employment. It is a trigger for depression, and affects absenteeism, turnover, productivity, morale and suicide. Positive or negative cognitive stress appraisal can be a self-care strategy that affects workers’ ability to cope with stress. This study examined cognitive stress appraisal among workers and identified related individual and environmental factors.DesignCross-sectional study using self-administered postal questionnaires.SettingCompanies located in two metropolitan areas of Japan (Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures).Participants2311 employees of 48 companies in metropolitan areas in Japan. In total, 341 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 14.8%), 337 of which were suitable for analysis (effective response rate: 98.8%).Primary measuresCognitive stress appraisal was assessed using the Japanese version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Potential variables related to stress appraisal included demographic, individual and environmental factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors related to cognitive stress appraisal.ResultsParticipants’ mean±SD age was 42.8±11.7 years, and two-thirds were male. The mean±SD PSS score was 25.8±6.2. The multiple regression analysis controlled for age, sex and depression showed that those with poorer economic status (β=0.171, p<0.001), lower electronic health (eHealth) literacy (β=−0.113, p=0.012), higher traditional organisational climate (β=0.131, p=0.004) and lower perceived social support (β=−0.205, p<0.001) experienced significantly higher levels of negatively perceived stress.ConclusionsThe results show individual and environmental factors related to cognitive stress appraisal among workers. An effective strategy to improve mental health among workers may involve an interprofessional approach by public health nurses and health practitioners that includes enhanced self-coping skills using individual workers’ eHealth literacy, improvement of organisational climates in workplaces and community-based social support.
Marital status and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Chun Wai , Kwok Chun Shing , Narain Aditya , Gulati Martha , Mihalidou Anastasia S , Wu Pensee , Alasnag Mirvat , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe influence of marital status on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prognosis after CVD is inconclusive. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine how marital status influences CVD and prognosis after CVD.MethodsA search of MEDLINE and Embase in January 2018 without language restriction was performed to identify studies that evaluated the association between marital status and risk of CVD. Search terms related to both marital status and CVD were used and included studies had to be prospective in design. The outcomes of interest were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke incidence and mortality. We performed random effects meta-analysis stratified by the types of population by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOur analysis included 34 studies with more than two million participants. Compared with married participants, being unmarried (never married, divorced or widowed) was associated with increased odds of CVD (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.01), CHD (OR 1.16,95% CI 1.04 to 1.28), CHD death (OR 1.43,95% CI 1.28 to 1.60) and stroke death (OR 1.55,95% 1.16 to 2.08). Being divorced was associated with increased odds of CHD (P<0.001) for both men and women while widowers were more likely to develop a stroke (P<0.001). Single men and women with myocardial infarction had increased mortality (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76) compared with married participants.ConclusionsMarital status appears to influence CVD and prognosis after CVD. These findings may suggest that marital status should be considered in the risk assessment for CVD and outcomes of CVD based on marital status merits further investigation.
Social support and maternal mental health at 4 months and 1 year postpartum: analysis from the All Our Families cohort
Authors: Hetherington Erin , McDonald Sheila , Williamson Tyler , Patten Scott B , Tough Suzanne C 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundLow social support is consistently associated with postpartum depression. Previous studies do not always control for previous mental health and do not consider what type of support (tangible, emotional, informational or positive social interaction) is most important. The objectives are: to examine if low social support contributes to subsequent risk of depressive or anxiety symptoms and to determine which type of support is most important.MethodsData from the All Our Families longitudinal pregnancy cohort were used (n=3057). Outcomes were depressive or anxiety symptoms at 4 months and 1 year postpartum. Exposures were social support during pregnancy and at 4 months postpartum. Log binomial models were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and absolute risk differences, controlling for past mental health.ResultsLow total social support during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.82) and anxiety symptoms (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.93) at 4 months postpartum. Low total social support at 4 months was associated with an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.09) at 1 year. Absolute risk differences were largest among women with previous mental health challenges resulting in a number needed to treat of 5 for some outcomes. Emotional/informational support was the most important type of support for postpartum anxiety.ConclusionGroup prenatal care, prenatal education and peer support programmes have the potential to improve social support. Prenatal interventions studies are needed to confirm these findings in higher risk groups.
Effect of cultivar and agronomic management on feed barley production in Alberta environments
Authors: Thompson L.A. , Strydhorst S.M. , Hall L.M. , Yang R.C. , Pauly D. , Gill K.S. , Bowness R. 
Published: June 2018

The area sown to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Alberta, Canada, and the rate of yield increase relative to other major crops have declined in recent decades. Advanced agronomic management of feed barley may increase the seeded area and differentially influence cultivar performance. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at 11 rainfed and three irrigated environments in Alberta to evaluate the performance of 10 feed barley cultivars under standard and advanced agronomic management. Advanced management included supplemental postemergence N, the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride, and two foliar fungicide applications. Cultivars responded similarly to management in the low disease pressure environments encountered in the study. The two-row cultivars CDC Austenson, Xena, and CDC Coalition were the highest yielding overall, while Champion had the greatest yields in moisture-limited environments. The feed grain quality of two-row cultivars was superior to six-row cultivars. Recently released six-row cultivars were among the lowest yielding. Negative or static yield increases were observed for all newer cultivars (2006–2013 registrations) compared with the older cultivar, Xena (2000 registration). In comparison, the overall 9.3% yield increase from advanced management was notable. Advanced management yield increases were greater (8%–18%) in environments with 251–502 mm of precipitation and smaller (1%–3%) in moisture-limited environments. Management had negligible effects on lodging and grain quality. Optimal yield and quality were achieved with the two-row cultivars, CDC Austenson, Xena, or CDC Coalition, and advanced management in high precipitation environments. In environments with less precipitation, optimal yields were achieved with Champion and standard management.
“Open” Lab? Studying the Implementation of Open Innovation Practices in a University Laboratory
Authors: Moretti Federico 
Published: June 2018

The majority of Open Innovation contributions published in the last decade adopted a firm-centric perspective, and analyzed interactions at the firm level, thus leaving room for studies about the adoption of Open Innovation practices in non-corporate environments, and at different levels of analysis. The aim of this paper is to explore the adoption of Open Innovation practices in a non-corporate environment at the individual level, specifically in the context of an American university laboratory. Results show that despite the lab’s active orientation toward commercialization and collaboration with industrial counterparts, the degree of implementation of Open Innovation practices is still limited, the main determinant for Technology Transfer (TT) remains publication, and that online communities represent a potential mechanism to overcome the current gap in promoting lab research. The study contributes to the existing Open Innovation literature by assessing the perceived quality of Open Innovation practices at the individual level, and in a non-corporate context. For literature, this study is the first attempt to investigate the adoption of Open Innovation practices in a university laboratory. For university managers, the study proposes that while active commercialization efforts through Open Innovation practices are still limited, channels like online communities offer valuable — and yet untapped — resources for promotion of university activities.
Speeding up the Hyperparameter Optimization of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hinz Tobias , Navarro-Guerrero Nicolás , Magg Sven , Wermter Stefan 
Published: June 2018

Most learning algorithms require the practitioner to manually set the values of many hyperparameters before the learning process can begin. However, with modern algorithms, the evaluation of a given hyperparameter setting can take a considerable amount of time and the search space is often very high-dimensional. We suggest using a lower-dimensional representation of the original data to quickly identify promising areas in the hyperparameter space. This information can then be used to initialize the optimization algorithm for the original, higher-dimensional data. We compare this approach with the standard procedure of optimizing the hyperparameters only on the original input. We perform experiments with various state-of-the-art hyperparameter optimization algorithms such as random search, the tree of parzen estimators (TPEs), sequential model-based algorithm configuration (SMAC), and a genetic algorithm (GA). Our experiments indicate that it is possible to speed up the optimization process by using lower-dimensional data representations at the beginning, while increasing the dimensionality of the input later in the optimization process. This is independent of the underlying optimization procedure, making the approach promising for many existing hyperparameter optimization algorithms.
Influence of Smoking, Body Mass Index, and Other Factors on the Preventive Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Chan Andrew T. , Slattery Martha L. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Potter John D. , Gallinger Steven , Caan Bette , Lampe Johanna W. , Newcomb Polly A. , Zubair Niha , Hsu Li , Schoen Robert E. , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann , Le Marchand Loic , Peters Ulrike , White Emily 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs’ (NSAID) use has consistently been associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer; however, studies showed inconsistent results on which cohort of individuals may benefit most. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to systematically test for the interaction between regular use of NSAIDs and other lifestyle and dietary factors on colorectal cancer risk among 11,894 cases and 15,999 controls. Fixed-effects meta-analyses were used for stratified analyses across studies for each risk factor and to summarize the estimates from interactions. Regular use of any NSAID, aspirin, or nonaspirin NSAIDs was significantly associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer within almost all subgroups. However, smoking status and BMI were found to modify the NSAID–colorectal cancer association. Aspirin use was associated with a 29% lower colorectal cancer risk among never-smokers [odds ratios (OR) = 0.71; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.64–0.79], compared with 19% and 17% lower colorectal cancer risk among smokers of pack-years below median (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.92) and above median (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94), respectively (P interaction = 0.048). The association between any NSAID use and colorectal cancer risk was also attenuated with increasing BMI (P interaction = 0.075). Collectively, these results suggest that obese individuals and heavy smokers are unlikely to benefit as much as other groups from the prophylactic effect of aspirin against colorectal cancer.
Significance: Obesity and heavy smoking attenuate the benefit of aspirin use for colorectal cancer prevention. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4790–9. ©2018 AACR.
Tumor-Educated Platelets as a Noninvasive Biomarker Source for Cancer Detection and Progression Monitoring
Authors: Best Myron G. , Wesseling Pieter , Wurdinger Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Liquid biopsies represent a potential revolution in cancer diagnostics as a noninvasive method for detecting and monitoring diseases, complementary to or even replacing current tissue biopsy approaches. Several blood-based biosources and biomolecules, such as cell-free DNA and RNA, proteins, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles, have been explored for molecular test development. We recently discovered the potential of tumor-educated blood platelets (TEP) as a noninvasive biomarker trove for RNA biomarker panels. TEPs are involved in the progression and spread of several solid tumors, and spliced TEP RNA surrogate signatures can provide specific information on the presence, location, and molecular characteristics of cancers. So far, TEP samples from patients with different tumor types, including lung, brain, and breast cancers, have been tested, and it has been shown that TEPs from patients with cancer are distinct from those with inflammatory and other noncancerous diseases. It remains to be investigated how platelets are “educated,” which mechanisms cause intraplatelet RNA splicing, and whether the relative contribution of specific platelet subpopulations changes in patients with cancer. Ultimately, TEP RNA may complement currently used biosources and biomolecules employed for liquid biopsy diagnosis, potentially enhancing the detection of cancer in an early stage and facilitating noninvasive disease monitoring. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3407–12. ©2018 AACR.
Choroidal Thickness in Birdshot Retinochoroiditis Over a 2-Year Period
Authors: Forte Raimondo , Aptel Florent , Thia-Soui-Tchong Kim , Salmon Lenore , Mailhac Adriane , Bouillet Laurence , Chiquet Christophe 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To evaluate 2-year choroidal changes in eyes with birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirteen patients (26 eyes) with BRC were prospectively evaluated during a 2-year period with standard automated perimetry (SAP), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography (Spectralis Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph + optical coherence tomography). Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eight patients (61%) were females; the patients mean age was 60 ± 4.7 (range 49–66) years. At baseline, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.08 ± 0.2 and foveal sensitivity threshold (FST) at SAP was 34.04 ± 2.6; at 2-year visit, no significant changes were observed (BCVA 0.06 ± 02, <i>p</i> = 0.1 and FST 34.36 ± 2.6, <i>p</i> = 0.1). In all cases, at the 2-year visit, a significant reduction of choroidal thickness was present only at the fovea (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The rate of foveal choroidal thinning was 1.8 ± 1.6 µm per month. When compared to baseline, suprachoroidal fluid (SCF) was more frequent (42.3 vs. 23%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). The amount of foveal choroidal thinning was associated with the presence of SCF at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.005). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In patients with BRC, foveal choroidal thinning and increase of SCF at 2-year follow-up can be observed, even in the absence of visual loss.
Salivary Inflammatory Markers in Trichotillomania: A Pilot Study
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Immune dysregulation has been hypothesized to be important in the development and pathophysiology of compulsive disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a high comorbid overlap with trichotillomania (both are OC-related disorders). The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of trichotillomania has garnered little research to date. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Individuals with trichotillomania provided saliva sample for analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, these participants were examined on a variety of demographic variables (including body mass index [BMI], previously found to relate to inflammation) along with clinical measures (symptom severity, functioning, and comorbidity). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-one participants, mean age of 24.7 (±10.2) years, 27 (87.1%) females were ­included. The mean score on the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale was 15.7 (±4.2), reflective of moderate symptom severity. Compared to normative data, the mean inflammatory marker levels in the trichotillomania sample had the following Z scores: interleukin-1β (IL-1β) <i>Z</i> = –0.26, IL-6 <i>Z</i> = –0.39, IL-8 <i>Z</i> = –0.32, and tumor necrosis factor-α <i>Z</i> = –0.83. Levels of inflammatory markers did not correlate significantly with BMI, depressive mood, symptom severity, or disability. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The relatively low level of inflammatory saliva cytokines observed in the current study (negative z scores versus normative data with medium effect sizes) indicates that evaluation of blood inflammatory levels in trichotillomania versus matched controls would be valuable in future work. If a hypoinflammatory state is confirmed ­using blood samples, this would differentiate trichotillomania from other mental disorders (such as OCD, schizophrenia, and depression), which have typically been linked with high inflammatory measures in the literature, at least in some cases.
Estudo de inclusões fluidas em quartzo do garimpo do Papagaio, um sistema magmático-hidrotermal, Província Aurífera de Alta Floresta (MT), Cráton Amazônico
Authors: Galé Marcelo Garcia , Costa Paulo César Corrêa da , Assis Rafael Rodrigues de , Pinho Francisco Egídio Cavalcante , Juliani Caetano 
Published: June 2018

O garimpo aurífero do Papagaio, localizado em Paranaíta, Mato Grosso, insere-se no setor noroeste da Província Aurífera de Alta Floresta, sul do Cráton Amazônico. Está hospedado em dacito porfirítico inicialmente afetado por alteração potássica, sobreposta por forte alteração sericítica pervasiva e, por fim, por alteração propilítica. O minério é representado pela paragênese pirita + calcopirita + esfalerita ± galena ± calcocita ± covelita e ocorre associado a sistemas de veios de quartzo e stockworks que truncam os setores de alteração potássica e sericítica. Estudos de inclusões fluidas dos veios mineralizados e estéreis presentes no garimpo permitiram identificar três grupos de inclusões fluidas: tipo I) inclusões aquocarbônicas; tipo II) aquosas bifásicas; tipo III) aquosas tri a multifásicas. Nos veios mineralizados houve a crepitação das inclusões do Tipo I a 325ºC. Foram encontradas temperaturas de homogeneização de 115,1 a 216,2ºC e salinidades entre 0,5 a 24,0% para as inclusões do Tipo II. Nos veios estéreis, as inclusões do Tipo II resultaram em temperaturas de homogeneização total entre 135,9 e 190,3ºC e salinidades de 26,0 a 30,2%. No Tipo III a homogeneização total ocorreu entre 323,2 e 402,9ºC com salinidade superior a 40,0%. Portanto, fluidos de elevada temperatura e salinidade com características de origem magmática tiveram um papel essencial na formação das zonas mineralizadas do garimpo. Nesse contexto, a colocação de corpos subvulcânicos teria sido essencial na gênese da mineralização aurífera do Papagaio, pois teria servido como fonte de calor, fluido e metais para a instalação de um sistema magmático-hidrotermal profundo, relacionado ao ambiente dos depósitos do tipo pórfiro e intrusion-related gold systems (IRGS).
La Lettre 64 de Saint Jérôme et le symbolisme des couleurs
Authors: Canellis Aline 
Published: June 2018

Résumé
Dans sa Lettre à Fabiola (Epistula 64) Jérôme décrit les vêtements du Grand Prêtre Aaron (Lv 21, 10-15 ; Ex 28, 1-43) ; son exégèse est influencée non seulement par Philon et Flavius Josèphe, mais aussi par Origène. Comme à son habitude, il s’attache aux deux niveaux d’interprétation de la péricope, historique et allégorique.
Feminist Methodologies
Authors: Caufield Catherine 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Given changing contexts and social discourses, it is theoretically enriching to enlarge the research emphasis of the secular academic discipline of Religious Studies to consider ways in which women who self-identify as religious contribute to their various traditions in ways that deepen spiritual experience for the communities as a whole and make contributions to their larger social contexts. Religious Studies scholars value scientific approaches but also, to be respectful of the communities studied, must recognize that they do a disservice to those communities if they reduce findings to the confines of these approaches. Interdisciplinary work that draws on methodological concepts developed in feminist theological thought, together with naturalist approaches, serves to increase knowledge about and by women in faith communities. By continuing to develop theology in rigorous and thoughtful ways, modern women are carrying forward an important interpretive tradition that strengthens analyses of religion in the secular humanities and social sciences.