bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of retinitis pigmentosa on multimodal imaging: The PREP‐1 study
Authors: Iftikhar Mustafa , Usmani Bushra , Sanyal Abanti , Kherani Saleema , Sodhi Simrat , Bagheri Saghar , Schönbach Etienne M. , Junaid Nadia , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Shah Syed M. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractImportanceIt is important to establish reliable outcome measures to detect progression in retinitis pigmentosa (RP).BackgroundTo evaluate progression of RP using multimodal imaging, including spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and microperimetry (MP).DesignRetrospective longitudinal study at a tertiary teaching hospital.Participants205 eyes of 106 patients with RP with 1 to 5 y of follow‐up.MethodsDemographics and visual acuity (VA) were recorded, and each modality was graded at baseline and every annual follow‐up. SD‐OCT was graded for the width of ellipsoid zone (EZ), FAF was graded for the diameter and area of the hyperautofluorescent ring (if present), and MP was graded for mean, central and paracentral sensitivity. Spearman's correlation was used to measure correlations at baseline. Mixed effects models were used to estimate the annual change of each parameter, adjusted for disease duration.Main Outcome MeasuresRate of progression.ResultsThe median VA at baseline was 75 letters and was positively correlated with mean and central sensitivity (r: 0.372 and 0.394; P = 0.01 for both). All parameters (except paracentral sensitivity) were strongly correlated with each other (r: 0.673‐0.991; P < 0.001 for all). The annual rates of change for each parameter were as follows: VA, −2.3 letters (P < 0.001); EZ, −151 μm (P < 0.001); ring diameter, −132 μm (P < 0.001); ring area, −0.4 mm2 (P < 0.001); mean sensitivity, −0.3 dB (P < 0.001); central sensitivity, −0.7 dB (P < 0.001); paracentral sensitivity, −0.4 dB (P < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceStructural and functional measures are well correlated in RP and can reliably measure disease progression within the course of a year.
Follicular induction and CK20+ Merkel cells overlying cutaneous focal mucinosis
Authors: Chairatchaneeboon Manasmon , Elenitsas Rosalie , Nguyen Jennifer V. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundCutaneous focal mucinosis (CFM) or focal dermal mucinosis is a benign reactive process categorized as a primary mucinosis. Skin biopsy is essential for diagnosis, as the clinical appearance is often non‐specific. Follicular induction is a phenomenon whereby the epidermis is induced by an underlying process to form primitive or mature hair follicles, and is commonly seen overlying dermatofibromas. Follicular induction has been rarely described in CFM.MethodsWe performed a retrospective histological review of lesions of CFM confirmed by skin biopsy from 2010 to 2015 in our department.ResultsWe found that 11% (11/98) of CFM lesions showed follicular induction. Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunostaining was performed on all 11 of these biopsies that showed follicular induction and highlighted an increased density of CK20+ Merkel cells within the basaloid epidermal proliferations.ConclusionAs superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCC) often show a mucinous stroma around the basaloid islands, CFM with follicular induction may closely mimic a BCC histologically, particularly in superficial shave biopsies. Therefore, it is important that dermatopathologists be aware of this phenomenon. Furthermore, CK20+ staining within the basaloid epithelial proliferations may be helpful in differentiating CFM with follicular induction from a BCC.
Variability in sleep disturbance, physical activity and quality of life by level of depressive symptoms in women with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Danhauer S. C. , Brenes G. A. , Levine B. J. , Young L. , Tindle H. A. , Addington E. L. , Wallace R. B. , Naughton M. J. , Garcia L. , Safford M. , Kim M. M. , LeBlanc E. S. , Snively B. M. , Snetselaar L. G. , Shumaker S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine (1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women with Type 2 diabetes, (2) the associations between depressive symptoms and the following dependent variables: sleep disturbance; physical activity; physical health‐related; and global quality of life, and (3) the potential moderating effects of antidepressants and optimism on the relationship between depressive symptoms and dependent variables.MethodsParticipants in the Women's Health Initiative who had Type 2 diabetes and data on depressive symptoms (N=8895) were included in the analyses. In multivariable linear regression models controlling for sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial covariates, we examined the main effect of depressive symptoms, as well as the interactions between depressive symptoms and antidepressant use, and between depressive symptoms and optimism, on sleep disturbance, physical activity, physical health‐related quality of life; and global quality of life.ResultsIn all, 16% of women with Type 2 diabetes reported elevated depressive symptoms. In multivariable analyses, women with depressive symptoms had greater sleep disturbance (P<0.0001) and lower global quality of life (P<.0001). We found evidence of significant statistical interaction in the models for quality‐of‐life outcomes: the increased risk of poor physical health‐related quality of life associated with antidepressant use was stronger in women without vs with depressive symptoms, and the association between greater optimism and higher global quality of life was stronger in women with vs without depressive symptoms.ConclusionsTo improve health behaviours and quality of life in women with Type 2 diabetes, sociodemographic and medical characteristics may identify at‐risk populations, while psychosocial factors including depression and optimism may be important targets for non‐pharmacological intervention.
Nasal insulin administration does not affect hepatic glucose production at systemic fasting insulin levels
Authors: Plomgaard Peter , Hansen Jakob S. , Ingerslev Bodil , Clemmesen Jens O. , Secher Niels H. , van Hall Gerrit , Fritsche Andreas , Weigert Cora , Lehmann Rainer , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Heni Martin 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo evaluate the effects of brain insulin on endogenous glucose production in fasting humans, with a focus on hepatic glucose release by performing a randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, crossover experiment.Materials and methodsOn two separate days, 2H2‐glucose was infused to nine healthy lean men, and blood was sampled from the hepatic vein and a radial artery. On day 1, participants received 160 U human insulin through nasal spray, and on day 2 they received placebo spray, together with an intravenous insulin bolus to mimic spillover of nasal insulin to the circulation. Hepatic glucose fluxes and endogenous glucose production were calculated.ResultsPlasma insulin concentrations were similar on the two study days, and no differences in whole‐body endogenous glucose production or hepato‐splanchnic glucose turnover were detected.ConclusionsNasal administration of insulin does not influence whole‐body or hepatic glucose production in fasting humans. By contrast, pharmacological delivery of insulin to the brain might modulate insulin effectiveness in glucose‐producing tissue when circulating insulin levels are elevated; therefore, the metabolic consequences of brain insulin action appear to be dependent on metabolic prandial status.
Genetically engineered animal models of Parkinson's disease: From worm to rodent
Authors: Breger Ludivine S. , Fuzzati Armentero Marie T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by aberrant accumulation of insoluble proteins, including alpha‐synuclein, and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The extended neurodegeneration leads to a drop of striatal dopamine levels responsible for disabling motor and non‐motor impairments. Although the causes of the disease remain unclear, it is well accepted among the scientific community that the disorder may also have a genetic component. For that reason, the number of genetically engineered animal models has greatly increased over the past two decades, ranging from invertebrates to more complex organisms such as mice and rats. This trend is growing as new genetic variants associated with the disease are discovered. The EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) has promoted the creation of an online database aiming at summarising the different features of experimental models of Parkinson's disease. This review discusses available genetic models of PD and the extent to which they adequately mirror the human pathology and reflects on future development and uses of genetically engineered experimental models for the study of PD.
Adipose tissue dendritic cells in steady‐state
Authors: Macdougall Claire E. , Longhi M. Paula 
Published: December 2018

SummaryHealthy white adipose tissue (WAT) participates in regulating systemic metabolism, whereas dysfunctional WAT plays a prominent role in the development of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. Tissue‐resident immune cells are important for maintaining WAT homeostasis, including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) which are critical in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Due to phenotypic overlap with other myeloid cells, the distinct contribution of WAT cDCs has been poorly understood. This review will discuss the contribution of cDCs in the maintenance of WAT homeostasis. In particular, the review will focus on the metabolic cross‐talk between cDCs and adipocytes that regulates local immune responses during physiological conditions.
Effect of time of day and specialty on polyp detection rates in Australia
Authors: Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Lu Kevin , Ovenden Amanda , Rana Khizar , Singh Gurfarmaan , Krishnamurthi Sudarshan , Edwards Suzanne , Wilson Bill , Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Hirooka Yoshiki , Burt Alastair D , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimAdenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric in colonoscopy. However, there is conflicting evidence around factors that influence ADR. This study aims to investigate the effect of time of day and endoscopist background on ADR and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp detection rate (SSA/P‐DR) for screening colonoscopies.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Primary outcome was the effect of time of day and endoscopist specialty on screening ADR. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the same factors on SSA/P‐DR and other metrics and collinearity of ADR and SSA/P‐DR. Linear regression models were used for association between ADR, time of day, and endoscopist background. Bowel preparation, endoscopist, session, patient age, and gender were adjusted for. Linear regression model was also used for comparing ADR and SSA/P‐DR. Chi‐square was used for difference of proportions.ResultsTwo thousand six hundred fifty‐seven colonoscopies, of which 558 were screening colonoscopies, were performed. The adjusted mean ADR (screening) was 36.8% in the morning compared with 30.5% in the afternoon (P < 0.0001) and was 36.8% for gastroenterologists compared with 30.4% for surgeons (P < 0.0001). For every 1‐h delay in commencing the procedure, there was a reduction in mean ADR by 3.4%. Using a linear regression model, a statistically significant positive association was found between ADR and SSA/P‐DR (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsMorning and afternoon sessions and gastroenterologists and surgeons achieved the minimum standards recommended for ADR. Afternoon lists and surgeons were associated with a lower ADR compared with morning and gastroenterologists, respectively. Additionally, SSA/P‐DR showed collinearity with ADR.
Predictor of slower gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease: Survey of an Asian‐Pacific cohort
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Yuan , Chen Yu‐Wen , Wang Tsu‐Nai , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Wu I‐Chen , Yu Fang‐Jung , Hu Huang‐Ming , Wu Jeng‐Yih , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Lu Chien‐Yu , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Su Yu‐Chung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimAsian populations have relatively lower prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and tend to exhibit symptoms of prolonged gastric retention. However, it remains unknown if slower gastric emptying influences its features in Asian countries. We prospectively assessed the potential implications of slower gastric emptying in an Asian‐Pacific cohort of gastroesophageal reflux disease by a hospital‐based survey.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐two patients of gastroesophageal reflux disease complete the scintigraphic measurement of solid phase of gastric emptying. Clinical symptoms and psychological stress are recorded by self‐report questionnaire. The status of Helicobacter pylori infection, blood level of pepsinogen I, and I/II ratio are assessed.ResultsForty‐seven percent and 28% of the patients have slower gastric emptying rate, depending on the incremental defined cut‐off values of slower gastric emptying, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that older age and depression score are independently related to slower gastric emptying. Subgroup analysis discloses that patients with slower gastric emptying and higher depression score tend to present with non‐erosive esophagitis whereas higher body mass index level and male gender in patients with normal gastric emptying predict the presence of erosive reflux disease.ConclusionsOur study cohort of Asian patients indicates distinctive clinical implications of slower gastric emptying in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
A review of lifestyle, metabolic risk factors, and blood‐based biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Holmes Michael V , Chen Zhengming , Kartsonaki Christiana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe aimed to review the epidemiologic literature examining lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, and blood‐based biomarkers including multi‐omics (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and to discuss how these predictive markers can inform early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A search of the PubMed database was conducted in June 2018 to review epidemiologic studies of (i) lifestyle and metabolic risk factors for PDAC, genome‐wide association studies, and risk prediction models incorporating these factors and (ii) blood‐based biomarkers for PDAC (conventional diagnostic markers, metabolomics, and proteomics). Prospective cohort studies have reported at least 20 possible risk factors for PDAC, including smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, adiposity, diabetes, and pancreatitis, but the relative risks and population attributable fractions of individual risk factors are small (mostly < 10%). High‐throughput technologies have continued to yield promising genetic, metabolic, and protein biomarkers in addition to conventional biomarkers such as carbohydrate antigen 19‐9. Nonetheless, most studies have utilized a hospital‐based case–control design, and the diagnostic accuracy is low in studies that collected pre‐diagnostic samples. Risk prediction models incorporating lifestyle and metabolic factors as well as other clinical parameters have shown good discrimination and calibration. Combination of traditional risk factors, genomics, and blood‐based biomarkers can help identify high‐risk populations and inform clinical decisions. Multi‐omics investigations can provide valuable insights into disease etiology, but prospective cohort studies that collect pre‐diagnostic samples and validation in independent studies are warranted.
How Do Family Strengths‐Oriented Therapeutic Conversations (FAM‐SOTC) Advance Psychiatric Nursing Practice?
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Gisladottir Margret 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeFamily nursing interventions, focusing on therapeutic conversations, have been found to benefit primary caregivers dealing with chronic and acute illnesses. Less is known, however, about the benefit of these interventions for partner caregivers. The aims of this study were to develop and test the Family Strengths–Oriented Therapeutic Conversation (FAM‐SOTC) intervention for partner caregivers of young individuals with eating disorders (EDs).MethodsEighteen partner caregivers of adolescents and young adults with ED participated in this quasi‐experimental study. The FAM‐SOTC intervention was offered over 4 months, during which time the focus was on establishing the therapeutic relationship and identification of the family relationships. The five key elements of the FAM‐SOTC intervention are (a) drawing forward illness stories; (b) asking therapeutic questions; (c) identifying strength, resiliency, and resources; (d) offering evidence‐based information and recommendations; and (e) strengthening helpful beliefs and challenging hindering beliefs. These elements provided the foundation for the study.FindingsSignificantly higher family support and illness beliefs were reported after five sessions of the FAM‐SOTC intervention and again after 3 follow‐up booster sessions. The FAM‐SOTC intervention demonstrated a positive benefit for participants.Clinical RelevanceThe FAM‐SOTC intervention was found to benefit families, both in the short and long term, in psychiatry settings. After having participated in five sessions of the FAM‐SOTC intervention and 3 booster sessions, partner caregivers of young individuals with ED experienced higher family support and reported better knowledge, more confidence, and more positive illness beliefs regarding the disorder.
Transforming the experience of aortic valve disease in older patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Kirk Bettina Højberg , De Backer Ole , Missel Malene 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore patients’ lived experiences of daily life and coping with recovery after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation is increasingly used to treat older patients with severe aortic stenosis with high surgical risk. This novel treatment has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms, improving survival and prognosis, but its impact on patients’ daily life has been sparsely explored.DesignQualitative design.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted in a purposeful sample of ten patients three‐four months after TAVI. A phenomenological hermeneutical approach comprised an epistemological stance and Ricoeur's work inspired the qualitative methodological foundation. The study adhered to the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThis study is illuminating patients’ perception of recovery after TAVI. The patients experienced a transformation of bodily sensations, a changed bodily attention and enhanced physical possibilities to cope with life. Undergoing TAVI changed the pre‐treatment symptoms that limited daily activities, allowing the patients to resume or participate in activities that were previously impossible. TAVI gives patients the feeling that they can do more than before, which strengthens their faith in the body's possibilities and means that they can live a more self‐reliant and independent life.ConclusionFor older patients, TAVI can serve to bolster a sense of trusting their own body again. A clear distinction between pre‐ and post‐TAVI is recognised. Patients may be able to resume everyday activities following TAVI. The recovery process, however, must take into account the individual patient's own resources.Relevance to clinical practiceThe impact of TAVI on daily life activities should be communicated to the patient in decision‐making. Recovery depends on the patient's own effort, why identification of the patients who need support for recovery after TAVI as well as differentiated rehabilitation is required. Walking as a parameter should be integrated in the recovery trajectory.
Nurses’ descriptions of person‐centred care for older people in an acute medical ward—On the individual, team and organisational levels’
Authors: Nilsson Anita , Edvardsson David , Rushton Carole 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe nurses’ experiences of providing person‐centred care for older people on an acute medical ward.BackgroundThere is evidence that person‐centred care for older people contributes to a higher quality care and increased satisfaction with care. However, there is a shortness of studies providing concrete examples of what facilitates nurses providing person‐centred care for older people in acute care.DesignAn interview study with qualitative content analysis. COREQ guidelines have been applied.MethodFourteen registered nurses and enrolled nurses from an acute care ward participated in semi structured research interviews. The interviews were conducted during 2016 and interpreted using qualitative content analyses.ResultsPerson‐centred care was described at different levels in care; at the individual nurse level, person‐centred care was described as involving person‐centred assessing, relating and spacing which involved personalising assessments, relationships as well as the physical environment. At the team level, person‐centred care was described in terms of person‐centred goal setting, team responsibilities and team support, and involved having shared and personalised goals, different team responsibilities and a climate of support and collaboration. At the organisational level, person‐centred care was described in terms of having person‐centred routines, workloads and staff roles that all contributed to put the person at the core of the organisation and build routines to support this.ConclusionsThe current study emphasises that, rather than confining person‐centred care to specific moments or relationships, a systematic, multilevel organisational approach seems needed to enable nurses as individuals and teams to provide person‐centred care consistently and continuously to older people in acute care settings.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study should inspire nurses and managers to expedite implementation of person‐centred care for older care recipients hospitalised in acute care wards. Examples of person‐centred care are presented herein at clearly identified sites, namely, the “individual,” “team” and “organisational levels.”
Tight control of genomic phosphorothioate modification by the ATP‐modulated autoregulation and reusability of DndB
Authors: Xia Sisi , Chen Jun , Liu Liqiong , Wei Yue , Deng Zixin , Wang Lianrong , Chen Shi 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification was recently identified to occur naturally in diverse bacteria and to be governed by DndABCDE proteins. The nuclease resistance as well as the redox and nucleophilic properties of PT sulfur make PT modification a versatile player in restriction‐modification (R‐M) defense, epigenetic regulation, environmental fitness and the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, we discovered that tight control of PT levels is mediated by the ATPase activity of DndB. The ATP‐binding activity of DndB stimulates the dissociation of the DndB‐DNA complex, allowing transcriptional initiation, whereas its ATP hydrolysis activity promotes the conversion of DndB‐ATP to free DndB that is capable of rebinding to promoter DNA for transcriptional inhibition. Since sulfur incorporation is an ATP‐consuming process, these activities provide an economical way to fine‐tune PT modification in an ATP‐sensing manner. To our knowledge, this ATP‐mediated regulation is a rare example among DNA epigenetic modification systems; the features of autoregulation and the repeated usage of DndB allow the dedicated regulation of PT levels in response to cellular ATP concentrations, providing insight into PT function and its role in physiology.