Effect and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes—PIONEER 1 Trial
Authors: ARODA VANITA R. , ROSENSTOCK JULIO , TERAUCHI YASUO , JEPPESEN OLE , CHRISTIANSEN ERIK , HERTZ CHRISTIN L. , HALUZIK MARTIN 
Published: June 2018

Oral semaglutide (sema), the first GLP-1 receptor agonist in a tablet formulation, is in late-stage development for the treatment of T2D. The effect and safety of oral sema (3, 7, or 14 mg once daily) was assessed in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3a trial in drug-naïve patients with T2D uncontrolled on diet and exercise (n=703). Primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 26. The primary estimand (treatment policy) evaluated the effect regardless of trial product discontinuation or rescue medication use (effectiveness). A secondary estimand (hypothetical) evaluated the effect of trial product while on treatment without rescue medication (efficacy) using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM), and is the method used in many previous T2D studies. Oral sema resulted in clinically meaningful reductions in both HbA1c (all doses) and body weight (higher doses) at week 26 (Table). Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 58, 53 and 57% for 3, 7 and 14 mg oral sema, respectively, and 56% with placebo. The most common AE with oral sema was transient mild or moderate nausea. Nausea occurred in 5-16% of patients with oral sema vs. 6% with placebo. Oral sema demonstrated superiority vs. placebo in reducing HbA1c (all dose levels) and body weight (14 mg) and was well tolerated in T2D uncontrolled on diet and exercise (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02906930).

Disclosure
V.R. Aroda: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., AstraZeneca, Calibra Medical, Eisai Inc., Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Theracos, Inc.. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Merck & Co., Inc.. Other Relationship; Self; American Diabetes Association. Consultant; Self; ADOCIA. J. Rosenstock: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Genentech, Inc. Y. Terauchi: Research Support; Self; MSD K.K.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; MSD K.K.. Advisory Panel; Self; MSD K.K.. Research Support; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Novartis Pharma K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. Research Support; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Advisory Panel; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Research Support; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Advisory Panel; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Research Support; Self; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Astellas Pharma US, Inc., AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Teijin Pharma Limited. O. Jeppesen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. E. Christiansen: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. C.L. Hertz: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. M. Haluzik: None.