bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalanced sex ratios and housing prices in the U.S.
Authors: Kuroki Masanori 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates whether imbalanced local sex ratios are associated with housing prices in the U.S. at the county level during the period 2000–2017, based on the hypothesis that the importance for men of advertising financial resources by spending more on housing increases in the marriage market where there is a scarcity of women. The results indicate that an increase of 0.1 in sex ratio is associated with approximately a 2% increase in housing prices, suggesting that men may allocate more resources toward mating effort by increasing their spending on housing when there is an abundance of men. There is little evidence that the positive association was greater during the housing bubble.
Caries incidence and risk assessment during a five‐year period in adolescents living in south‐eastern Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Frida , Stensson Malin , Jansson Henrik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to examine the caries incidence in adolescents using the Public Dental Service (PDS) during a 5‐year period in relation to their caries experience at baseline and risk classification.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective cohort study based of the dental records from 17 PDS clinics in south‐eastern Sweden was conducted; 159 individuals born in 1997 were included, and their caries risk was classified at 12 and 17 years of age. Caries prevalence and documented risk groups were assessed at baseline and after 5 years.ResultsThe increment of caries (both initial and manifest caries) was higher, to a statistically significant degree, after 5 years in adolescents who were recorded as caries‐free at baseline compared to individuals with caries at baseline (P < .001). In individuals with caries at baseline, the greatest increment of caries was found at approximal sites (P < .001). At baseline, individuals were classified as low (94%), medium (6%) and high risk (0%). After 5 years, the figures were 74%, 20% and 6%, respectively. Although classified in a low‐caries risk group, 9% had ≥6 decayed or filled surfaces at baseline, and 23% did after 5 years. Approximately 62% of individuals were registered as caries‐free at baseline, and 45% were after 5 years.ConclusionsThere was an increase in caries over 5 years, especially among adolescents without caries experience at baseline. The majority of adolescents had the same risk classification after 5 years. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to evaluate risk assessment for caries.
The effect of microwave heating on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of reaction‐bonded boron carbide
Authors: Dutto Mathieu , Goeuriot Dominique , Saunier Sébastien , Sao‐Joao Sergio , Marinel Sylvain , Frage Nachum , Hayun Shmuel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReaction‐bonded boron carbide composites were fabricated by both microwave (under Ar/10% H2) and conventional heating (under vacuum or Ar/10% H2). Silicon carbide (SiC) formation occurred in all cases and was slightly favored in the case of microwave heating under Ar/H2. The resulting microstructures were influenced by the heating process and atmosphere; the SiC existed in the form of needles with conventional heating under vacuum. SiC small polygonal grains were present after microwave heating under Ar/H2. Both the atmosphere and the electromagnetic field influence the SiC morphology. Despite this difference, the hardness and toughness of composites obtained by both heating techniques were similar.
Do surgical patients' characteristics and behaviours affect nurses' pain management decisions? A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Shoqirat Noordeen , Mahasneh Deema , Singh Charleen , Al Hadid Lourance 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite a growing body of literature investigating the impact of patients' age and sex differences on pain, there is little research on how patients' characteristics and behaviours affect nurses' pain management decisions.AimThis study examined surgical nurses' views and experiences toward pain management in relation to the patients' characteristics and behaviours in a Jordanian university hospital.MethodsFocus group discussions (n = 4) were used with a convenience sample of 27 female Registered Nurses.ResultsThe study revealed differences in postoperative pain management related to patients' characteristics. Male patients were seen as more tolerant of postoperative pain than female patients and thus required less nursing attention. As a consequence, nurses might assess female surgical patients inaccurately or judgementally. Nurses label female patients as “demanding” or “over‐sensitive” without intending to be judgemental. Nurses also reported that patients accompanied by relatives received quicker nursing responses and closer monitoring than unaccompanied patients.ConclusionsIf patients' pain following surgery is to be treated effectively, health care policymakers and educators should work together to eliminate and prevent potential biases that might lead to disparities in pain management.
Safety attitudes, perceived organizational culture and knowledge of the physiologically deteriorating patient among mental health nurses: Cross‐sectional, correlational study
Authors: Dickens Geoffrey L. , Salamonson Yenna , Ramjan Lucie , Steel Kelly , Everett Bronwyn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMental health nurses have traditionally lagged in terms of physical healthcare skills and have been found to have poorer cultural safety‐related attitudes relative to other nurses. Organizational culture, including safety‐related culture, is associated with important aspects of care quality. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between safety‐related attitudes, physical healthcare‐related knowledge and organizational culture among mental health nurses. By doing so, the intention was to inform decisions about interventions to improve attitudes and care related to severe physiological deterioration among mental health nurses. The study design was cross‐sectional and correlational. The safety‐related attitudes of N = 133 nurses from the inpatient mental health services of one Local Health District in New South Wales, Australia, were examined in terms of a range of potential predictor variables of safety attitudes (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire) including individual organizational‐perceiver type (Organisational Climate Assessment Inventory), knowledge of emergency medical healthcare (Lambeth In situ Training Questionnaire), use and perception of medical emergency teams (purpose‐designed questionnaire) and a range of demographic variables. Regression analyses revealed that those who perceived the organization to have a primarily market‐oriented culture had poorer safety‐related attitudes than those who perceived a more clan‐type culture. Number of years qualified was negatively associated with safety attitudes. To our knowledge, this is the first study in mental health which demonstrates a link between organizational culture‐perception and safety attitudes related to physical healthcare. Results suggest that, among nurses, individuals have quite different perceptions of the organizational culture. In turn, this suggests that the ‘one‐size fits all’ approach to changing organizational culture may be inappropriate.
Meat on the menu? How the menu structure can stimulate vegetarian choices in restaurants
Authors: de Vaan Julie M. , van Steen Tommy , Müller Barbara C. N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExcessive meat consumption has a negative impact on people's health, animal welfare, and the environment in general. Remarkably, however, despite the growing number of flexitarians, only a small number of people choose a vegetarian dish at a restaurant. Therefore, in the current study, we tested how vegetarian dishes need to be presented in order to stimulate the choice for these dishes. In an online study, participants were presented with one of four different menus: Either an all vegetarian menu, an all vegetarian menu with the possibility to add meat to each dish, a menu with increased offer on vegetarian dishes with explicit indication, and a menu with increased offer on vegetarian dishes without explicit indication. Subsequently, participants indicated how likely it was that they would eat in this restaurant and which dish they would choose (i.e., vegetarian or not). Additionally, they completed a reactance questionnaire. Results show that when people get the option to add meat to the vegetarian dishes on a menu this increases the choice for a vegetarian dish. No effect of menus on reactance and willingness to eat at a restaurant was found. These findings suggest that presenting meat as an alternative or additive option can help to change behavior toward a flexitarian lifestyle.
Skin disease profile of Syrian refugees in Jordan: a field‐mission assessment
Authors: Saikal S.L. , Ge L. , Mir A. , Pace J. , Abdulla H. , Leong K.F. , Benelkahla M. , Olabi B. , Medialdea‐Carrera R. , Padovese V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the Syrian war in 2011, the world has faced the most severe refugee crisis in history and 5.6 million Syrians have sought asylum in neighbouring countries or in Europe. According to recent estimates, more than 650 000 Syrian refugees are displaced in Jordan.ObjectivesThis article aims to assess the demographic characteristics and skin disease profile of Syrian displaced people residing in Al Za'atari camp and in communities in Jordan. Furthermore, the authors discuss the barriers to healthcare provision experienced during field missions.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of medical records collected during three medical missions in Jordan by an international dermatological team. Data on patient age, gender, country of origin and skin disease diagnoses were recorded both in Al Za'atari camp and Jordanian towns near the Syrian border.ResultsA total of 1197 patients were assessed during the field missions, with 67.7% female and 37.1% under the age of 14 years. Dermatitis was the leading dermatological condition in both refugee camp and community healthcare clinics. Infectious diseases were the second most common; however, fungal presentations were more common in the community as opposed to viral in Al Za'atari.ConclusionsHigh dermatitis presentations were likely secondary to the environment, living conditions and lack of access to emollients. Infectious diseases were postulated secondary to poor hygiene and sharing of overcrowded spaces. Barriers to health care included limited pharmacological formulary, difficulty in continuity of care and case referrals due to lack of specialized services. Better access to health care, improvement of living conditions and hygiene, and increased availability of medications including emollients and sunscreens are all interventions that should be carried out to reduce skin disease burden. Our findings should further urge the international community to uphold their commitments and uptake engagement in improving health care for Syrian displaced people.
Nationwide validation study of diagnostic algorithms for inflammatory bowel disease in Korean National Health Insurance Service database
Authors: Lee Chang Kyun , Ha Hyo Jung , Oh Shin Ju , Kim Jung‐Wook , Lee Jung Kuk , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Yoon Soon Man , Kang Sang‐Bum , Kim Eun Soo , Kim Tae Oh , Na Soo‐Young , Lee Jun , Kim Sang‐Wook , Koo Hoon Sup , Park Byung Kyu , Lee Han Hee , Kim Eun Sun , Park Jae Jun , Kwak Min Seob , Cha Jae Myung , Ye Byong Duk , Choi Chang Hwan , Kim Hyo Jong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimWe conducted a nationwide validation study of diagnostic algorithms to identify cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) within the Korea National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database.MethodUsing the NHIS dataset, we developed 44 algorithms combining the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10 codes, codes for Rare and Intractable Diseases (RID) registration and claims data for health care encounters, and pharmaceutical prescriptions for IBD‐specific drugs.For each algorithm, we compared the case identification results from electronic medical records data with the gold standard (chart‐based diagnosis). A multiple sampling test verified the validation results from the entire study population.ResultsA random nationwide sample of 1697 patients (848 potential cases and 849 negative control cases) from 17 hospitals were included for validation. A combination of the ICD‐10 code, ≥ 1 claims for health care encounters, and ≥ 1 prescription claims (reference algorithm) achieved excellent performance (sensitivity, 93.1% [95% confidence interval 91–94.7]; specificity, 98.1% [96.9–98.8]; positive predictive value, 97.5% [96.1–98.5]; negative predictive value, 94.5% [92.8–95.8]) with the lowest error rate (4.2% [3.3–5.3]). The multiple sampling test confirmed that the reference algorithm achieves the best performance regarding IBD diagnosis. Algorithms including the RID registration codes exhibited poorer performance compared with that of the reference algorithm, particularly for the diagnosis of patients affiliated with secondary hospitals. The performance of the reference algorithm showed no statistical difference depending on the hospital volume or IBD type, with P‐value < 0.05.ConclusionsWe strongly recommend the reference algorithm as a uniform standard operational definition for future studies using the NHIS database.
Skin sensitivity evaluation: What could impact the assessment results?
Authors: Ye CongXiu , Chen Jian , Yang SuLian , Yi JinLing , Chen HaiYan , Li MeiRong , Yin SongChao , Lai Wei , Zheng Yue 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor the evaluation results of skin sensitivity, such as clinical parameters, stinging test records and biophysical assessments dates might be impacted by many factors, the influence factors need to be further explored, and the skin sensitivity evaluation process and methodology needed distinction and normalization. In this study, we investigated the changes of sensitive skin indexes and lactic acid stinging test results in different seasons, facial regions, skin photo‐type, and living habits.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy subjects had completed this study. Lactic acid stinging test was performed in different seasons. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, sebum secretion, and pH were measured in an environment‐controlled room. Correlations between stinging responses, skin biophysical parameters, and sensitive skin inducements in different seasons were statistically analyzed.ResultsSkin TEWL, hydration, sebum secretion, and pH values on different facial parts were various. Two‐way correlation analysis between the results of lactic acid stinging test in different seasons and the sensitivity factors showed differences between summer, autumn, and winter. The mean scores of lactic acid stinging test increased in autumn. Linear regression analysis of skin sensitivity factors in type III and type IV photobiology skin found that the frequency of sleeping time and eating spicy food in the past of week could infect the sensitive skin evaluation dates statistically (P < .05).Discussion/ConclusionsSkin sensitivity assessment results were impacted by seasonal transformation, living habits and customs, and facial regions. These indicted that we should consider above interfering factors when evaluated the skin sensitivity for getting more precise dates.
Acne beliefs, treatment‐seeking behaviors, information media usage, and impact on daily living activities of Thai acne patients
Authors: Wisuthsarewong Wanee , Nitiyarom Rattanavalai , Kanchanapenkul Dollaporn , Arunkajohnask Sittiroj , Limphoka Pichaya , Boonchai Waranya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a very common skin disease. Information on it is readily available and accessed by most patients. Nevertheless, they tend to have misunderstandings about the disease.AimsThis study investigated Thai acne patients' perceptions of, and beliefs, about acne; their treatment‐seeking behaviors; and the data sources available to them.Patients/MethodsA cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study was conducted among teenage and adult acne patients at the skin clinics of the Department of Dermatology and the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, January‐December 2017.ResultsA total of 330 patients with a mean age of 23.89 ± 7.19 years (range: 9‐51 years) were enrolled. Hormonal factors were the most common determinant thought to worsen acne (80.6%), followed by dirt (72.4%), inadequate sleep (65.5%), cosmetics (58.2%), and stress (55.8%), whereas frequent facial washing and exercise were the least common (4.8% each). The most common information source utilized by patients was friends (40.9%), followed by digital media (36.8%). Both males and females felt their acne greatly affected their quality of life. Before visiting the hospital, most patients used vitamin supplements and over‐the‐counter drugs as treatment.ConclusionsSome patients had good conceptions of certain aspects of acne, such as the influence of hormones or food, whereas others had misunderstandings about the effects of poor hygiene on acne. Friends and websites were the most common information resources exploited by patients. Acne substantially impaired the quality of patients' lives.
Politics of Constituency Representation and Legislative Ambition under the Glare of Camera Lights
Authors: Yildirim T. Murat 
Published: September 2019

The introduction of legislative television as a transparency initiative has been welcomed in an increasing number of democracies. The impact of television cameras on parliamentary behavior, however, has received scant attention in systems where personal vote‐earning attributes are thought to be of little importance (e.g., closed‐list proportional representation). Additionally, studies examining this relationship relied exclusively on over‐time variation in legislative behavior (i.e., before and after the introduction of television into parliament), which arguably has important deficiencies in demonstrating the true effect of legislative television. Capitalizing on a unique quasi‐experimental setting, the present study aims to close these gaps in the literature by analyzing parliamentary activities in Turkey, where the legislative television was restricted to 3 days per week (Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday) in 2011 after almost two decades of continuous 7‐day operation. Results based on original data sets of parliamentary activities from the pre‐ and postreform periods (2009–11 and 2011–13) indicate that the varying presence of television cameras exacerbated the effect of electoral and reputation‐building motivations on parliamentary behavior, encouraging electorally unsafe and junior MPs to shift their constituency focus to the televised proceedings. The results offer important implications for the study of legislative transparency and constituency representation in party‐list proportional representation systems.
Biochemical determinants of ObgE‐mediated persistence
Authors: Verstraeten Natalie , Gkekas Sotirios , Kint Cyrielle Ines , Deckers Babette , Van den Bergh Bram , Herpels Pauline , Louwagie Elen , Knapen Wouter , Wilmaerts Dorien , Dewachter Liselot , Fauvart Maarten , Singh Ranjan Kumar , Michiels Jan , Versées Wim 
Published: September 2019

SummaryObg is a versatile GTPase that plays a pivotal role in bacterial persistence. We previously showed that the Escherichia coli homolog ObgE exerts this activity through transcriptional activation of a toxin–antitoxin module and subsequent membrane depolarization. Here, we assessed the role of G‐domain functionality in ObgE‐mediated persistence. Through screening of a mutant library, we identified five obgE alleles (with substitutions G166V, D246G, S270I, N283I and I313N) that have lost their persistence function and no longer activate hokB expression. These alleles support viability of a strain otherwise deprived of ObgE, indicating that ObgE’s persistence function can be uncoupled from its essential role. Based on the ObgE crystal structure, we designed two additional mutant proteins (T193A and D286Y), one of which (D286Y) no longer affects persistence. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, stopped‐flow experiments and kinetics, we subsequently assessed nucleotide binding and GTPase activity in all mutants. With the exception of the S270I mutant that is possibly affected in protein–protein interactions, all mutants that have lost their persistence function display severely reduced binding to GDP or the alarmone ppGpp. However, we find no clear relation between persistence and GTP or pppGpp binding nor with GTP hydrolysis. Combined, our results signify an important step toward understanding biochemical determinants underlying persistence.
Mast cells are increased in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Robles Alejandro , Perez Ingles David , Myneedu Kanchana , Deoker Abhizith , Sarosiek Irene , Zuckerman Marc J. , Schmulson Max J. , Bashashati Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundColonic mast cells have been proposed to be related to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Whether mast cell counts are altered in the small intestine, a less‐explored region in patients with IBS is not completely clear.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched for case‐control studies on mast cell count/density in the small intestine of patients with IBS vs controls through February 2019. Mast cell counts were separately analyzed in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Data were pooled using the standardized mean difference (SMD) method. When zero was not within the 95% confidence interval (CI), the SMD was considered significant.Key ResultsData from 344 patients with IBS and 229 healthy controls from three studies in the duodenum, six in the jejunum, and five in the ileum were pooled in this meta‐analysis. The number of mast cells was significantly higher in the ileum (SMD: 1.78 [95% CI: 0.89, 2.66]) of patients with IBS. Mast cell counts were not significantly different in the duodenum (SMD: 0.81 [‐0.06, 1.67]) or the jejunum (SMD: 0.58 [‐0.03, 1.19]) of patients with IBS vs healthy controls.Conclusions and InferencesMast cells are increased in the small intestine of IBS vs controls, mainly in the ileum. Future studies should address whether such findings are IBS subtype or gender‐dependent. Methodological variations, single‐center bias, and the limited number of studies included in this meta‐analysis may affect the final results.
The metabolic salute: A unique presentation of transverse nasal acanthosis nigricans and allergic rhinitis in an obese pediatric patient
Authors: Nolan Colin F. , Brelsford Megan A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is a well‐known cutaneous condition that is most commonly associated with insulin resistance and obesity when present in a pediatric patient. We present a unique presentation of AN in an adolescent African American girl with a history of perennial allergic rhinitis. She presented with AN affecting the neck, axillae, as well as the transverse nasal crease, a consequence of habitual pushing of the nasal tip upward due to chronic obstruction and itching from allergic rhinitis known as the “allergic salute.” All providers should be aware of this rare presentation, as the presence of AN should prompt additional evaluation to determine the underlying cause and effect of appropriate treatment.