bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating ontologies of human diseases, phenotypes, and radiological diagnosis
Authors: Finke Michael T , Filice Ross W , Kahn Charles E 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Mappings between ontologies enable reuse and interoperability of biomedical knowledge. The Radiology Gamuts Ontology (RGO)—an ontology of 16 918 diseases, interventions, and imaging observations—provides a resource for differential diagnosis and automated textual report understanding in radiology. An automated process with subsequent manual review was used to identify exact and partial matches of RGO entities to the Disease Ontology (DO) and the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Exact mappings identified equivalent concepts; partial mappings identified subclass and superclass relationships. A total of 7913 distinct RGO entities (46.8%) were mapped to one or both of the two target ontologies. Integration of RGO’s causal knowledge resulted in 9605 axioms that expressed direct causal relationships between DO diseases and HPO phenotypic abnormalities, and allowed one to formulate queries about causal relations using the abstraction properties in those two ontologies. The mappings can be used to support automated diagnostic reasoning, data mining, and knowledge discovery.
The computational content of atomic polymorphism
Authors: Ferreira Gilda , Vasconcelos Vasco T 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe show that the number-theoretic functions definable in the atomic polymorphic system (${\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{at}}$) are exactly the extended polynomials. Two proofs of the above result are presented: one, reducing the functions’ definability problem in ${\mathbf{F}}_{\mathbf{at}}$ to definability in the simply typed lambda calculus ($\lambda ^{\rightarrow }$) and the other, directly adapting Helmut Schwichtenberg’s strategy for definability in $\lambda ^{\rightarrow }$ to the atomic polymorphic setting. The uniformity granted in the polymorphic system, when compared with the simply typed lambda calculus, is emphasized.
Dancing with Venus in the shadow of the Earth: a pair of genetically related near-Earth asteroids trapped in a mean-motion resonance
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C , de la Fuente Marcos R 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
YORP-induced fission events may form dynamically coherent pairs or even families of asteroids. The outcome of this process is well documented among members of the main asteroid belt, but not in the case of the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population because their paths randomize very efficiently in a short time-scale. Mean-motion resonances (MMRs) may stabilize the orbits of small bodies by making them avoid close encounters with planets. In theory, YORP-induced fission of asteroids trapped in MMRs can preserve evidence of this process even in near-Earth space. Here, we show that two NEAs, 2017 SN16 and 2018 RY7, are currently following an orbital evolution in which their relative mean longitude does not exhibit any secular increase due to the stabilizing action of the 3:5 MMR with Venus. The mechanism that makes this configuration possible may be at work both in the Solar system and elsewhere. Our analysis suggests that the pair 2017 SN16–2018 RY7 may have had its origin in one out of two mechanisms: YORP-induced splitting or binary dissociation.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers or both in incident end-stage renal disease patients without cardiovascular disease: a propensity-matched longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Couchoud Cécile , Gregson John , Tiple Aurélien , Glowacki François , London Gerard , Agarwal Rajiv , Rossignol Patrick 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients even without known cardiovascular (CV) disease have high mortality rates. Whether neurohormonal blockade treatments improve outcomes in this population remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs), β-blockers or both in all-cause mortality rates in incident ESRD patients without known CV disease starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 2009 and 2015 in the nationwide Réseau Epidémiologie et Information en Néphrologie registry.

Methods
Patients with known CV disease and those who started emergency RRT, stopped RRT or died within 6 months were excluded. Propensity score matching models were used. The main outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 13 741 patients were included in this analysis. The median follow-up time was 24 months. When compared with matched controls without antihypertensive treatment, treatment with ACEi/ARBs, β-blockers and ACEi/ARBs + β-blockers was associated with an event-rate reduction per 100 person-years: ACEi/ARBs 7.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.1–8.2] versus matched controls 9.5 (8.8–10.1) [HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.84)], β-blocker 7.1 (6.6–7.7) versus matched controls 9.5 (8.5–10.2) [HR 0.72 (0.65–0.80)] and ACEi/ARBs + β-blockers 5.8 (5.4–6.4) versus matched controls 7.8 (7.2–8.4) [HR 0.68 (0.61–0.77)].

Conclusions
Neurohormonal blocking therapies were associated with death rate reduction in incident ESRD without CV disease. Whether these relationships are causal will require randomized controlled trials.
EU’s Emerging Strategic Cyber Culture(s)
Authors: Nagyfejeo Eva 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the European Union’s collective efforts to address cybercrime and argues that the European Union (consisting of 28 Member States) has more than a single overarching ‘strategic cyber culture’. This is due to the differences in attitudes and experiences of cyber security among Member States that has created fragmentation in the EU’s cyber security institutional system. This paper therefore considers the institutional developments by examining the main ‘carriers’ of EU strategic cyber culture such as the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), Eurojust, and Europol/EC3, together with the strengths and weaknesses of the EU’s particular approach to cybercrime.
Recommendations for the management of secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia due to B cell targeted therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Wijetilleka Sonali , Jayne David R , Mukhtyar Chetan , Ala Aftab , Bright Philip D , Chinoy Hector , Harper Lorraine , Kazmi Majid A , Kiani-Alikhan Sorena , Li Charles K , Misbah Siraj A , Oni Louise , Price-Kuehne Fiona E , Salama Alan D , Workman Sarita , Wrench David , Karim Mohammed Yousuf 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The association of B cell targeted therapies with development of hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection is increasingly recognized. Our aim was to develop consensus recommendations for immunoglobulin replacement therapy for management of hypogammaglobulinaemia following B cell targeted therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Methods
A modified Delphi exercise involved a 17-member Taskforce committee, consisting of immunologists, rheumatologists, nephrologists, haematologists, a gastroenterologist, an immunology specialist nurse and a patient representative. The first round identified the most pertinent topics to address in the recommendations. A search string was agreed upon for the identification of publications in PubMed focusing on these areas, for a systematic literature review. Original data was presented from this review to the Taskforce committee. Recommendations from the British Society for Rheumatology, the UK Department of Health, EULAR, the ACR, and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology were also reviewed. The evidence was discussed in a face-to-face meeting to formulate recommendation statements. The levels of evidence and statements were graded according to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology.

Results
Three overarching principles, eight recommendation statements and a research agenda were formulated. The Taskforce committee voted on these statements, achieving 82–100% agreement for each recommendation. The strength of the recommendations was restricted by the low quality of the available evidence, with no randomized controlled trial data. The recommendations cover risk factors, monitoring, referral for hypogammaglobulinaemia; indications, dosage and discontinuation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy.

Conclusion
These are the first recommendations specifically formulated for B cell targeted therapies related to hypogammaglobulinaemia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The recommendations are to aid health-care professionals with clinical decision making for patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Factor Analysis of Negative Symptom Items in the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes
Authors: Azis Matilda , Strauss Gregory P , Walker Elaine , Revelle William , Zinbarg Richard , Mittal Vijay 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Negative symptoms occur early in the clinical high risk (CHR) state and indicate increased risk of conversion to psychotic disorder and poor functional outcome. However, while the negative symptom domain has shown to be parsimoniously explained by a 2-factor construct in schizophrenia, there has yet to be an established factor structure of negative symptoms in CHR.

Methods
214 individuals meeting the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) criteria for CHR were recruited through 3 active research programs in the United States. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted on the 6 negative symptom items of the SIPS, and factors were evaluated with respect to functional outcome and depression.

Results
Factor analysis indicated a 2-factor hierarchical model with 2 negative symptom dimensions reflecting volition (Occupational Functioning and Avolition) and emotion (Expression of Emotion, Experience of Emotion and Social Anhedonia). Linear Regression showed that the emotion factor was associated with poor social function, and the volition factor was associated with poor role function and depression.

Conclusions
Similar to factor solutions identified in adults diagnosed with psychotic disorders, results indicated that the SIPS negative symptom subscale is not a unidimensional construct. Rather, the SIPS negative subscale has 2 distinct factors that have different associations with clinical outcome and should be interpreted independently. Results have significant relevance for informing the valid assessment and conceptual interpretation of early clinical phenomenology in the psychosis prodrome.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABNORMALITIES OF PHOTORECEPTOR MICROSTRUCTURES AND MICROVASCULAR STRUCTURES DETERMINED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN EYES WITH BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Ogasawara Yasunobu , Iwase Takeshi , Yamamoto Kentaro , Ra Eimei , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To determine whether the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly correlated with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and to examine the relationship between the size and microstructural changes of the photoreceptors in eyes with a branch retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
The medical records of 69 eyes of patients (mean age, 64.6 ± 11.7 years) with a branch retinal vein occlusion were reviewed after the resolution of macular edema. All the patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography for measurement of the FAZ area and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for determination of microstructural changes of the photoreceptors at the fovea.

Results:
The superficial and deep FAZ areas in eyes with a branch retinal vein occlusion were 0.39 ± 0.36 mm2 and 0.63 ± 0.18 mm2, respectively, and both were significantly larger than those observed in the fellow eyes (both, P < 0.001). The superficial FAZ area correlated with the posttreatment BCVA (r = 0.285, P = 0.027) but not with any parameters regarding the microstructures of the photoreceptors. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the pretreatment BCVA (β = 0.519, P < 0.001) and integrity of the external limiting membrane (β = −0.373, P = 0.001) were independent factors that significantly correlated with the posttreatment BCVA.

Conclusion:
There was no significant correlation between the FAZ area and microstructural parameters. However, the integrity of the external limiting membrane was significantly correlated with the posttreatment BCVA in eyes with a branch retinal vein occlusion.
POSTTREATMENT POLYP REGRESSION AND RISK OF MASSIVE SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGE IN EYES WITH POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Cho Joon Hee , Park Young Joo , Cho Soo Chang , Ryoo Na-Kyung , Cho Kwan Hyuk , Park Sang Jun , Park Kyu Hyung , Woo Se Joon 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To study the association between the risk of massive submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and polyp regression after initial treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using long-term follow-up data.

Methods:
Retrospective study of 223 patients who were diagnosed with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and were followed up for up to 11 years. Subjects were categorized into “regression” and “no regression” groups, according to their polyp status after the initial treatment. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed on development of massive SMH. The association between treatment methods and the occurrence of massive SMH was also analyzed.

Results:
The incidence rates of massive SMH at 3, 6, and 9 years in the “no regression” group were 6.50, 22.59, and 38.03%, respectively, and in the “regression” group were 1.14, 6.47, and 10.92%, respectively (P = 0.005, log-rank test). The hazard ratio of massive SMH was 3.677 for cluster-type polyps and 0.271 for polyp regression after initial treatment. A higher rate of polyp regression was associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) than anti-VEGF monotherapy (64.4 vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). Additional anti-VEGF treatments after initial PDT showed lower risk of massive SMH than PDT only. (9.5 vs 38.5%, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
The long-term risk of massive SMH after initial treatment on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy is significantly higher in eyes with persistent polyps than those with regressed polyps. Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the risk of massive SMH and the polyp status when treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.
Behavioural discrimination of noxious stimuli in infants is dependent on brain maturation
Authors: Green Gabrielle , Hartley Caroline , Hoskin Amy , Duff Eugene , Shriver Adam , Wilkinson Dominic , Adams Eleri , Rogers Richard , Moultrie Fiona , Slater Rebeccah 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Changes in facial expression are an essential form of social communication and in nonverbal infants are often used to alert care providers to pain-related distress. However, studies of early human brain development suggest that premature infants aged less than 34 weeks' gestation do not display discriminative brain activity patterns to equally salient noxious and innocuous events. Here we examine the development of facial expression in 105 infants, aged between 28 and 42 weeks' gestation. We show that the presence of facial expression change after noxious and innocuous stimulation is age-dependent and that discriminative facial expressions emerge from approximately 33 weeks' gestation. In a subset of 49 infants, we also recorded EEG brain activity and demonstrated that the temporal emergence of facial discrimination mirrors the developmental profile of the brain's ability to generate discriminative responses. Furthermore, within individual infants, the ability to display discriminative facial expressions is significantly related to brain response maturity. These data demonstrate that the emergence of behavioural discrimination in early human life corresponds to our brain's ability to discriminate noxious and innocuous events and raises fundamental questions as to how best to interpret infant behaviours when measuring and treating pain in premature infants.
Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone combination therapy versus pioglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Ben , Sun Yan , Sang Yiquan , Liu Xuekui , Liang Jun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and pioglitazone combination therapy have been widely used for patients with inadequate glycemic control on monotherapy. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Studies were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone combination therapy in patients with T2DM through the end of February 2016, using the keywords “alogliptin,” “dutogliptin, ” “linagliptin,” “saxagliptin,” “sitagliptin,” “vildagliptin,” “gliptins,” “DPP-4 inhibitor,” and “pioglitazone.” RCTs were selected if they compared DPP-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone as combination therapy; treatment duration was ≥12 weeks; and the reported data included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) change, total or any other system Adverse Events (AEs). We estimated effect size with random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis, I
2 statistic was used to estimate heterogeneity of results.

Results:
Seven RCTs were included. Compared with pioglitazone monotherapy, combination DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone therapy were associated with increased reduction in HbA1c ([MD]-0.64%;−0.73 to −0.55) and FPG ([MD] −0.94; −1.12 to −0.76) levels, more patients in the combination therapy groups versus pioglitazone monotherapy groups had an A1c of < 7% ([OR]2.52; 2.18, 3.17) at the end of the studies, but was not associated with further reduction in higher risk of hypoglycaemia, edema, or any other system AEs. We also noticed that DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone combination therapy were associated with better improvement of pancreatic β-cell function.

Conclusions:
DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone combination therapy provided better glycemic control, both according to HbA1c and FPG levels, than pioglitazone monotherapy. Safety analysis showed well tolerance of combination therapy, even in hypoglycemic and edema AEs. However, additional large-scale, high quality, long-term follow-up clinical trials are necessary to confirm its long-term effectiveness.
Common atrium and the associated malformations
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Zhi-gang , Yang Meng-xi , Shi Ke , Li Rui , Diao Kai-yue , Guo Ying-kun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Common atrium (CA) is a rare complex congenital heart disease. The studies of CA are mostly case reports, while few have been done regarding its morphological characteristics. We aimed to determine CA characteristics and diagnostic accuracy in assessing associated malformations in these patients with low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT).
Twenty-one pediatric and adolescent CA patients underwent low-dose DSCT. Different ventricular types and associated malformations were assessed. The diagnostic accuracy of DSCT and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in evaluating associated malformations were assessed. The effective doses of DSCT were calculated.
Patients (n = 21) were divided into CA with biventricular physiology (n = 7) and CA with single ventricle (SV) (n = 14). There were 3 types of SV morphology: single left ventricle (n = 5), single right ventricle (n = 6), and undifferentiated ventricle (n = 3). In all, 22 associated malformations were seen in CA and 56 in CA with SV. DSCT was superior to TTE for detecting intracardiac anomalies (sensitivity: DSCT, 92.31% vs TTE, 76.92%), great vessels anomalies (sensitivity: DSCT, 100.00% vs TTE, 77.50%), and of collateral vessels (sensitivity: DSCT, 100% vs TTE, 20.00%). The estimated mean effective dose was 0.95 ± 0.44 mSv (<1 mSv).
This study indicated that low-dose DSCT is an ideal alternative for pediatric and adolescent patients with CA, providing morphological details of CA and associated malformations with high accuracy.
Cancer antigen-125 levels correlate with pleural effusions and COPD-related complications in people living at high altitude
Authors: Li Shengmei , Ma Huiying , Gan Lijun , Ma Xiuqing , Wu Shangjie , Li Mangui , Tang Chih-Hsin , Tsai Hsiao-Chi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most frequently encountered progressive lung disease in clinical practice. This study sought to determine the predictive ability of the tumor biomarker cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) in the identification of COPD in a cohort of 284 patients with COPD living at high altitude (with an average elevation of over 2500 m).
Patients were classified by pleural effusion volumes into 4 categories and serum CA-125 concentrations were measured in each category. The analyses revealed that CA-125 concentrations were positively and significantly correlated with pleural effusion volume. CA-125 concentrations were also positively correlated with pulmonary heart disease and acute exacerbations of COPD, and negatively correlated with pulmonary hypertension.
The study evidence suggests that serum CA-125 concentrations are positively correlated with the risk of pleural effusions among patients with COPD living in high-altitude areas, and that CA-125 concentrations are also correlated with pulmonary heart disease, acute exacerbations, and pulmonary hypertension.
Radial artery occlusion with a kaolin-filled pad after transradial cardiac catheterization
Authors: Chiang Chun-Yen , Chang Weng-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Hong Chon-Seng , Shih Jhih-Yuan , Wu Wen-Shiann , Chen Zhih-Cherng , Chou Ming-Ting 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Radial artery occlusion (RAO) occurs in 2% to 18% of patients after transradial access (TRA) cardiac catheterization. Using a kaolin-filled pad (QuikClot) reduces compression time during TRA and might reduce RAO. We examined the RAO risk with the kaolin-filled pad after TRA cardiac catheterization.
This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 260 patients who underwent TRA cardiac catheterization in a cardiac ward of a Medical Center from 2012 to 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: the case group (n = 130) was postoperatively treated with a kaolin-filled pad, and the control group (n = 130) was treated with conventional hemostasis. Color duplex ultrasound was used to evaluate the 24-hour and 1-month postoperative radial artery flow velocity, diameter, patency, and RAO risk.
RAO risk was not significantly different between the case and control groups after 24 hours (4.6% vs 5.4%, P = .776) or after 1 month (5.4% vs 6.1%, P = .789), regardless of whether it was a first TRA cardiac catheterization (after 24 hours [P = .153] or after 1month [P = .617], respectively) or a repeated TRA cardiac catheterization (after 24 hours [P = .754] or after 1month [P = .753], respectively).
Using a kaolin-filled pad after TRA cardiac catheterization did not significantly reduce RAO risk compared with conventional hemostasis.