bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploitation und Exploration in dualen Organisationen: Vom Nebeneinander zum Miteinander
Authors: Busch Michael W. , Sichler Ralph 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser konzeptionelle Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe.Interaktion.Organisation. (GIO)“ hat ein doppeltes integratives Anliegen. Einerseits soll durch die interdisziplinäre Zusammenführung bekannter Konzepte im Kontext von Exploitation und Exploration ein vertieftes Verständnis über die Hintergründe beider Denk‑, Handlungs- und Lernmuster erlangt werden, deren Zusammenspiel als grundlegendes organisationsdynamisches Spannungsfeld begriffen wird; andererseits erfolgt eine Zusammenschau organisationaler Modelle, die aufzeigen, wie sich dieses Spannungsfeld in der betrieblichen Praxis bewältigen lässt. Durch die institutionelle Verankerung und die Ermöglichung der Interaktion von mehr der Exploration und mehr der Exploitation verpflichteter Organisationsprozesse wird sichergestellt, dass zum einen zukunftsträchtige Ideen hervorgebracht, zum anderen erfolgreiche Zugänge der Gegenwart effizient umgesetzt werden und im Idealfall beide Handlungsmodi voneinander profitieren können. Eine seit den 1970er-Jahren offene Frage bleibt, welche Personen(gruppen) und Mechanismen eine effektive Integration, Vernetzung und Übersetzung zwischen beiden Lernwelten leisten können, wer oder was also an die Stelle des Top Managements tritt, das durch die Umweltkomplexität und -dynamik als zentrale integrative Instanz an Bedeutung eingebüßt hat. Hierzu braucht es durch ihr fachliches, zwischenmenschliches oder koordinatives Talent herausragende Personen, die diese verbindende Aufgabe zu übernehmen imstande sind und sie nicht als Neben-, sondern als Hauptaktivität begreifen.
Neurodegenerative Diseases: What Can Be Learned from Toothed Whales?
Authors: Sacchini Simona 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neurodegeneration involves a wide range of neuropathological alterations affecting the integrity, physiology, and architecture of neural cells. Many studies have demonstrated neurodegeneration in different animals. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), spontaneous animal models should display two neurohistopathological hallmarks: the deposition of β-amyloid and the arrangement of neurofibrillary tangles. However, no natural animal models that fulfill these conditions have been reported and most research into AD has been performed using transgenic rodents. Recent studies have also demonstrated that toothed whales - homeothermic, long-lived, top predatory marine mammals - show neuropathological signs of AD-like pathology. The neuropathological hallmarks in these cetaceans could help to better understand their endangered health as well as neurodegenerative diseases in humans. This systematic review analyzes all the literature published to date on this trending topic and the proposed causes for neurodegeneration in these iconic marine mammals are approached in the context of One Health/Planetary Health and translational medicine.
Empowering Teacher Intention to Intervene: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Addressing Homophobic Bullying
Authors: Ioverno Salvatore , Nappa Maria Rosaria , McCurdy Amy , James Isaac , Pistella Jessica , Baiocco Roberto , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTeacher interventions play a crucial role in fostering a more inclusive school climate amidst homophobic bullying incidents. However, the strategies employed by teachers and the influencing factors are understudied. This study explored individual and contextual factors associated with teachers' intentions to intervene in situations of homophobic bullying. It emphasized the role of self-efficacy and how its impact may be influenced by school efforts to combat homophobic bullying. A sample of 465 teachers (76.34% women, Age: M = 49.58, SD = 10.25) from nine primary and secondary schools in central Italy completed a scale assessing different types of behaviors they would employ in response to homophobic bullying episodes, including non-intervention, disciplinary sanctions, peer mediation, victim support, and classroom discussion. The study also examined teachers' perceived school effort to address homophobic bullying and self-efficacy in handling educational tasks and homophobic bullying situations. Age, gender, grade, training on bullying, perceived prevalence of homophobic bullying incidents, and witnessing such incidents were considered as covariates.Linear regression showed that self-efficacy (general and homophobic bullying-related) was positively associated with intentions to use all intervention types and negatively non-intervention. Non-intervention was more common among teachers who reported more homophobic bullying incidents among students, while witnessing incidents was associated with less victim support and classroom discussion. The interaction of general self-efficacy and school effort was significant for disciplinary sanctions and victim support, indicating that in schools with low effort to address bullying, low teacher efficacy was associated with fewer intentions to intervene.The findings emphasize the importance of a twofold approach: fostering a strong school effort to address homophobic bullying and offering comprehensive teacher training to enhance self-efficacy in addressing these incidents.
Depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with benign essential blepharospasm under long-term therapy with botulinum toxin
Authors: Wabbels Bettina , Liebertz Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRegular and long-term injections of botulinum toxin (BoNT) are considered the first line therapy for essential blepharospasm (BEB), but no data exists on the long-term effect of this therapy on depressive symptoms and quality of life. This study aims to prospectively evaluate the long-term effects of BoNT therapy on depressive symptoms as well as on daily activities, emotional well-being and quality of life using validated questionnaires (BEB-scale, Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI)). 86 patients diagnosed with BEB were followed up for a median of 4 years. Clinical symptoms improved significantly after BoNT-injections. Everyday activities and subjective assessment of the overall situation improved gradually under long-term BoNT therapy. Significant correlations (p < 0.0001; r-values between 0.498 and 0.706) were found between the BDI and items of the BEB-scale. No significant antidepressive effect of long-term BoNT therapy was found with a low median BDI total score (5/max. 63), but up to 31.3% of BEB patients had a BDI score ≥ 11, indicating clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Of these, 65.4% had no known history of depression. Although, several studies reported an antidepressant effect of botulinum toxin injections in patients with major depression, this effect does not seem to be present in patients with BEB despite clinical improvement of symptoms. A high prevalence of previously undetected depressive symptoms was found in BEB patients. As this may influence BoNT therapy success, identifying potential depressive symptoms at the time of BEB diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment seems important.
Hypoxic Stress Induces Complement-Mediated Lysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Downregulating Factor H and CD59
Authors: Khaswaneh Ramada R. , Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Alzu’bi Ayman , Almahasneh Fatimah A. , Almazari Rawan. A. , AI-jariri Heba F. , Al-Zoubi Raed M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background:
Factor H and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59) are key regulators of complement activation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete Factor H and express CD59 to protect themselves from complement-mediated damage. Severe hypoxia found to decrease the survival chances of MSCs after transplantation; however, little is known about the impact of severe hypoxia on modulating the complement system activity and its effect on MSCs survival. Our study seeks to explore the effect of severe hypoxia on modulating the complement cascade in MSCs.

Methods:
Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) were cultured under severe hypoxia using 400 μM Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) for 48 h. The protein expressions of survival marker; Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and pro-apoptotic marker; Caspase-3 were assessed using western blotting. The level of complement system related factors; Factor H, CD59, C3b, iC3b, C5b, C9, and the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) were analyzed using Elisa assays, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry.

Results:
Our results showed for the first time that severe hypoxia can significantly impair Factor H secretion and CD59 expression in MSCs. This has been associated with upregulation of MAC complex and increased level of cell lysis and apoptosis marked by downregulation of PI3K and upregulation of Annexin v and Caspase-3.

Conclusion:
The loss of Factor H and CD59 in hypoxic MSCs can initiate their lysis and apoptosis mediated by activating MAC complex. Preserving the level of Factor H and CD59 in MSCs has significant clinical implication to increase their retention rate in hypoxic conditions and prolong their survival.
Molecular mechanisms of sulforaphane in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from an in-silico study
Authors: Vu Giang Huong , Nguyen Hai Duc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study was to identify the molecular pathways that may explain sulforaphane’s Alzheimer’s disease (AD) benefits using multiple advanced in silico approaches. We found that sulforaphane regulates 45 targets, including TNF, INS, and BCL2. Therefore, it may help treat AD by reducing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and apoptosis. The important relationships were co-expression and pathways. 45 targets were linked to the midbrain, metabolite interconversion enzymes, 14q23.3 and 1q31.1 chromosomes, and modified residues. “Amyloid precursor protein catabolic process”, “regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway”, and “positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process” were the main pathways, while NFKB1, SP1, RELA, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, and hsa-miR-26b-5p were transcription factors and miRNAs implicated in sulforaphane In AD treatment, miRNA sponges, dexibuprofen, and sulforaphane may be effective. Furthermore, its unique physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biological qualities make sulforaphane an effective AD treatment, including efficient gastrointestinal absorption, drug-like properties, absence of CYP450 enzyme inhibition, not being a substrate for P-glycoprotein, ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, glutathione S-transferase substrate, immunostimulant effects, and antagonistic neurotransmitter effects. Sulforaphane is a promising compound for AD management. Further work is needed to elucidate its therapeutic effects based on our findings, including genes, miRNAs, molecular pathways, and transcription factors.
Standardisation efforts of ISO/TC 261 “Additive Manufacturing”. 24th Plenary Meeting of ISO/TC 261 “Additive Manufacturing”
Authors: Pei Eujin , Lakomiec Marius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe main objective of ISO/TC 261 is to standardise the processes of Additive Manufacturing, the process chains (Data, Materials, Processes, Hard- and Software, Applications), test procedures, quality parameters, supply agreements, environment, health and safety, fundamentals and vocabularies. This section provides readers with news regarding standardisation efforts of ISO/TC 261. Further up-to-date information regarding recently published documents, such as new standards, revised standards, and the status of standards, can be found in the ISO/TC261 webpages: https://www.iso.org/committee/629086.html and the committee webpages: https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc261/home/news.html.
Preliminary reliability and validity of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module in parents of children with congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lim Yoonjeong , Lee Seungmin , Hong Ickpyo , Han Areum 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the preliminary reliability and validity of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module (PedsQL™ FIM) in parents of children with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).

Methods
The participants in this study were 28 parents of children with CMD and 39 parents of unaffected children. Both groups of parents completed the PedsQL™ FIM and a demographic information form. Cronbach’s alpha was used to examine the internal consistency reliability, and the known-groups method was used to assess construct validity. Three distinct models were used to estimate the mean score differences of the PedsQL™ FIM between the two groups: an unadjusted model, a multivariate regression model, and propensity score matching with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results
Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all scales exceeded 0.70, supporting evidence for the internal consistency reliability of the PedsQL™ FIM. The construct validity of the PedsQL™ FIM demonstrated that the mean differences between the CMD and unaffected groups were significantly different (p < .05). This indicated that the instrument could discriminate between the two groups.

Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrated the good preliminary reliability and validity of the PedsQL™ FIM in assessing parental health-related quality of life and family functioning of children with CMD.
The Unequal Impact of Disasters: Assessing the Interplay Between Social Vulnerability, Public Assistance, Flood Insurance, and Migration in the U.S
Authors: Han Yu , Ye Xinyue , Zhu Chunwu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtreme weather events, such as hurricanes with intense rainfall and storm surges, are posing increasing challenges to local communities worldwide. These hazards not only result in substantial property damage but also lead to significant population displacement. Federal disaster assistance programs are crucial for providing financial support for disaster response and recovery, but the allocation of these resources often unequal due to the complex interplay of environmental, social, and institutional factors. Relying on datasets collected from diverse sources, this study employs a structural equation model to explore the complex relationships between disaster damage (DD), social vulnerability (SV), public disaster assistance (PDA), the national flood insurance (NFI), and population migration (PM) across counties in the contiguous US. Our findings reveal that communities with lower SV tend to experience higher levels of DD across US counties. SV is negatively associated with PM, PDA, and NFI, both directly and indirectly. Furthermore, PDA is positively linked to PM, whereas DD has a direct negative effect on PM but an indirect positive effect through PDA.
Environmental regulations and export performance: firm-level evidence from China’s low-carbon pilot policy
Authors: Cheng Shiyu , He Qingqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid increase in global carbon emissions has raised significant concerns, prompting various environmental regulations, including China’s low-carbon pilot policy. Prior studies have shown mixed results regarding the impact of environmental regulations on firms’ export performance. Using data from Chinese industrial firms from 2001 to 2015, this study investigates how the low-carbon pilot policy, a quasi-experiment, influences firms’ exports. We employ the Heckman Two-Step Method and the Difference-in-Differences approach to separate the effects on firms’ export participation and the effects on export scales. We find that firms in the pilot provinces/cities become less likely to export after the implementation of the low-carbon pilot policy compared to firms in the non-pilot regions, resulting in a relative decrease in export probability by 4.5 percentage points. For the firms that export, their export values relatively decrease by 10 percent after the policy implementation. The effects are mainly driven by firms in Eastern China. The policy leads to higher exit rates and lower entry rates in international markets for firms in pilot regions. After the implementation of the low-carbon pilot policy, exporting firms increase the unit price of their export products, reduce the quantity of export products, and diversify both their export destinations and product types. However, we do not find evidence supporting the Pollution Haven mechanism.
Persistent Water Scarcity Due To High Irrigation Demand in Arid China: A Case Study in the North Slope of the Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Liu Xingcai , Tang Qiuhong , Zhao Ying , Wang Puyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater scarcity is a critical threat in arid regions in China due to dry climate and rising human water demand. The sustainability of a recent wetter trend and its impact on future water security remain uncertain. This case study focuses on a hotspot region, the North Slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM), to assess water scarcity in the coming decades (2030–2050) under two climate scenarios. To this end, we developed an integrated agro‐hydrological model to simulate historical and future hydrological processes and crop water dynamics in arid regions. Our results indicate nonsignificant increases in precipitation (around 3%) and evident rising temperatures (0.9–1.5°C) in the NSTM compared to the present‐day (2011–2020) climate. This translates to a projected increase in water availability (5.6%–11.2%) during 2030–2050, with slightly larger increases (6.3%–14%) in glacier runoff. However, the spatial mismatch between precipitation increases and water demand makes this potential gain largely offset by rising irrigation water demand (over 7%) if cropland remains constant from 2020 onwards. As a result, the current annual water deficit (3.3 km3) is likely to increase by 5%–11%, with 32% of NSTM basins facing persistent water scarcity. Most croplands are at high risk of groundwater depletion and 17%–34% of basins will experience intensified water scarcity. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive water management strategies, including improved irrigation efficiency and exploration of alternative water sources, to ensure water security and sustainable development in arid China facing a changing climate.
Comminution‐Induced Transient Frictional Behavior in Sheared Granular Halite
Authors: Chang Chengrui , Noda Hiroyuki , Hamada Yohei , Huang Chao , Ma Tao , Wang Gonghui , Yamaguchi Tetsuo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGrain comminution is commonly observed in numerous geological settings. To elucidate the role of grain comminution in dry granular friction, we sheared breakable halite (NaCl) grains using a ring‐shear configuration at a constant slip rate under various normal stresses. We observed transient frictional behaviors: a constant regime exhibiting a high friction coefficient at small slip displacements, and a weakening regime showing a substantial decay in friction at large slip displacements. The characteristic slip lengths for both regimes decreased with normal stress and were characterized by similar exponents. Micro‐X‐ray tomography revealed the evolution of microstructure from distributed grain comminution to progressive shear localization for these two regimes. We propose that the filling processes of comminuted fine particles, during which fine particles saturate and then overflow the shear zone, define transient frictional behaviors. This study may hold significant implications for natural shear systems, given the ubiquity of comminution and localization phenomena.
Greenland Ice Sheet's Distinct Calving Styles Are Identified in Terminus Change Timeseries
Authors: Bézu Chris , Bartholomaus Timothy C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAt least three primary iceberg calving styles have been identified in Greenland: serac collapse, which produces falling icebergs tens of meters in length; slab capsize, which produces rotating icebergs hundreds of meters in length; and tabular rifting, which produces kilometer‐scale icebergs. However, calving styles are mostly undocumented across Greenland. Here, we develop a method to disentangle the sizes of individual calving events and map the dominant calving style at glaciers, using the characteristic properties of step retreats in satellite‐derived terminus positions. At glaciers known to frequently produce calving teleseisms, step retreats greater than 200 m account for of net calved length since 2018. In contrast, at glaciers known to calve by serac failure, 200 m step retreats account of net calving. Thus, terminus change timeseries can offer promising insight into the dominant calving styles at marine‐terminating glaciers.
Strain Localization at Volcanoes Undergoing Extension: Investigation of Long‐Term Deformation at Krafla and Askja Volcanic Systems in North Iceland
Authors: Lanzi Chiara , Sigmundsson Freysteinn , Parks Michelle Maree , Geirsson Halldór , Drouin Vincent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVolcanoes in extensional environments may show gradual subsidence over decades during quiescent periods, due to various processes such as magma withdrawal, cooling, contraction, plate spreading and viscoelastic response. If significant rheological anomalies reside in volcano roots, due to the presence of magma and hot rock, they can influence the style of deformation. We use Finite Element Method (FEM) models to explore how strain localization due to extension can lead to volcano deflation. We apply rheological models comprising an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic domain and include local up‐doming regions of low viscosity material beneath volcanic centers. The models reveal a localized subsidence above the rheological anomaly, influenced by the tectonic extension, and by the up‐doming volume and its viscosity. The models suggest that plate divergence may account for 4–5 mm/yr of observed subsidence at Krafla and Askja volcanic systems (KVS and AVS, respectively) in North Iceland.
Test Particle Simulations of the Butterfly Distribution of Relativistic Electrons in Magnetic Dips
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Zhu Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic dips are the localized depression of magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere and are suggested to play an important role in the formation of the butterfly distribution of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts. In this study, we conduct test‐particle simulations to trace the electrons' trajectory within a magnetic dip and evaluate the response of PAD based on the long‐term averaged flux of electrons between = 3–6 from Van Allen Probes. Our results show that the electron dynamics are significantly changed by magnetic dips, especially at the dip center. In a magnetic dip, the electrons' energy, ‐shell, and pitch angle decrease, and the variation in ‐shell is more significant than the pitch angle and energy. Based on the observational electron fluxes, the electron butterfly‐like distributions are well reproduced by the simulation. Moreover, the parameterizations reveal that the butterfly distribution of electrons is closely related to the electron's energy, location, and depth of the magnetic dip. A negative radial gradient of electron flux also plays a potentially crucial role in the formation of the electron butterfly distribution. Our study provides deep insights into the evolution of the butterfly distribution of relativistic electrons within magnetic dips.