bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscopic approach for steady‐state free convection in a diamond array
Authors: Chaabane Raoudha , Askri Faouzi , Jemni Abdelmajid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is testing an in‐house efficiency algorithm based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and using it to resolve the obtained coupled nondimensional governing equations to analyze two‐dimensional free convection inside a cold outer cavity subjected to a heated cylindrical diamond array. Steady state or oscillatory results are obtained using the Bhatnagar‐Gross‐Krook collision model associated to the thermal LBM. Both the velocity and temperature fields are solved using the D2Q9 models. With different Rayleigh numbers (Ra), the tested free convection can either achieve to steady state or oscillatory. We extended our in house Fortran 90 code using curved boundary conditions and implemented them into a cavity with a diamond array. The numerical simulations were done using distinct Ra (106 and 10
7) and distances between the four neighboring circular cylinders aligned in a diamond array. The effects of several physical parameters, including Ra and position of the hot body array on flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The obtained results are highlighted in the form of streamlines, isotherms, and velocities plots. We show in this paper the stability and the efficiency of the LBM to deal with a complex geometry and its ability to reach suitable convergence criteria for high Ra (10
6 and 10
7). The numerical results indicate that LBM can simulate numerical problems with a high Ra reaching a steady state where we can depict the change of the flow pattern and enhancement of the heat transfer in the presence of heated diamond array.
No evidence so far of a major role of AKT1 and GSK3B in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Levchenko Anastasia , Vyalova Natalya , Pozhidaev Ivan V. , Boiko Anastasiia S. , Osmanova Diana Z. , Fedorenko Olga Yu. , Semke Arkadiy V. , Bokhan Nikolay A. , Wilffert Bob , Loonen Anton J.M. , Ivanova Svetlana A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveAKT1 and GSK3B take part in one of the intracellular cascades activated by the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2). This receptor is antagonized by antipsychotics and plays a role in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). The present study investigated association of several polymorphisms in the two candidate genes, AKT1 and GSK3B, with TD in antipsychotic‐treated patients with schizophrenia.MethodsDNA samples from 449 patients from several Siberian regions (Russia) were genotyped, and the results were analyzed using chi‐squared tests and analyses of variance.ResultsAntipsychotic‐induced TD was not associated with either of the tested functional polymorphisms (rs334558, rs1130214, and rs3730358).ConclusionsDespite regulation of AKT1 and GSK3B by DRD2, we found no evidence that these two kinases play a major role in the pathogenesis of antipsychotic‐induced TD. These results agree with previously published data and necessitate further exploration of other pathogenic mechanisms, such as neurotoxicity due to excessive dopamine metabolism.
Highly conservative behaviour of bed sediment‐associated metals following extreme flooding
Authors: Hurley Rachel R. , Woodward Jamie C. , Rothwell James J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn December 26, 2015 (Boxing Day), an exceptional flood event occurred in the Irwell catchment, United Kingdom, when the neighbouring Mersey catchment experienced a much more typical winter run‐off event. This provided an opportunity to examine the influence of high‐magnitude hydrological processes on the behaviour of fine‐grained metal‐contaminated bed sediments. Forty sites across the two catchments were sampled for channel bed fine sediment storage and sediment‐associated metal(loid) concentrations prior to, and following, the flooding. Sediments were analysed for total As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn and then subjected to a five‐step sequential extraction procedure. Despite a significant reorganisation of fine‐grained (<63 μm) sediment storage, metal(loid) concentrations demonstrated markedly conservative behaviour with no significant difference observed between pre‐flooding and post‐flooding values across both catchments. Estimates of the channel bed storage of sediment‐associated metal(loid)s also showed minimal change as a result of the flooding. The metal partitioning data reveal only minor changes in the mobility of bed sediment‐associated metal(loid)s, indicating that such flood events do not increase the availability of sorbed contaminants in these catchments. Post‐flooding bed sediment metal(loid) loadings remain high, indicating persistent and long‐lasting sources of contamination within the Irwell and upper Mersey fluvial network.
An MBSE Eco‐System for Performing Trade‐off Analysis
Authors: Hause Matthew 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA trade‐off study consists of “comparing the characteristics of each system element and of each candidate system architecture to determine the solution that best globally balances the assessment criteria. The various characteristics analyzed are gathered in cost analysis, technical risks analysis, and effectiveness analysis (NASA 2007).” Trade‐off analysis is the set of techniques by which the “best” solution is found for the customer weighing up cost, risk, effectiveness, and other parameters. The weighting or importance of these parameters depends on the system goals and priorities, which are derived from stakeholder needs, which are gathered from stakeholders. As always, good system solutions are derived from good systems engineering. Defining a decision framework that reflects competing goals, needs, priorities, parameters, and architectures in a clear and understandable way. Orthogonal Variability Modeling (OVM) provides the ability to model systems and software products, their variation points, mutual exclusions, and product dependencies resulting in product lines. OVM was developed by the University Duisburg‐Essen, PALUNO Institute [Paluno 2005], and is now ISO standard ISO 26550: 2013, Reference Model for System and Software Product Line Engineering and Management (ISO, 2013). Through this modeling technique, fully supported by the MBSE toolsets, engineers can see their options and conflicts (if any exist), and to pick their end desired product. Variation Points, Variants (options), and Dependencies can be defined, and relationships parametrized. Variable Elements can be linked to express required and excluded relationships. (ISO, 2013). Options can then be selected based on user goals, a configuration generated, and trade‐off analysis can take place on the resulting model.
Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Sediments Using Organic Chelating Agents
Authors: Xu Ying , Fang Sheng‐Rong 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT: A stabilization treatment for heavy metals in sediments was developed using the heavy metal chelators ammonium dipropyl dithiophosphate (ADD) and potassium diisopropyl dithiophosphate (PDD). The results indicate that 7% ADD and 7% PDD achieved Pb and Cu stabilization rates of up to 99%, Cd stabilization rates of 78% and 95%, and Zn stabilization rates of 21 and 51%, respectively. At pH levels ranging from 2 to 12, the amount of heavy metals in leachate from the stabilized product using the chelating agents were significantly less than those using Na2S and Na3PO4. After treatment, the chelating agents were mainly bound to the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in the sediment and formed stable bonds with organic matter, thus significantly reducing the biological risks of heavy metals in sediment.
Palmitate enhanced the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanomaterials possibly by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chen Jiamao , Yang Ting , Long Jimin , Ding Yanhuai , Li Juan , Li Xianqiang , Cao Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe recently synthesized ZnO nanomaterials (denoted as ZnO nanorods [NRs] and Mini‐NRs) and suggested that their cytotoxicity could be related with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptosis. However, in a complex biological microenvironment, the ER stress‐apoptosis pathway could also be modulated by biological molecules, such as free fatty acids, leading to unpredicted biological effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxicity of ZnO NRs/Mini‐NRs and palmitate (PA) to THP‐1 macrophages. PA influenced the zeta potential and solubility of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs in water, which indicated a change of colloidal stability. Exposure to ZnO NRs and Mini‐NRs dose‐dependent decreased cellular viability and release of soluble monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (sMCP‐1), and these effects were significantly promoted with the presence of PA. However, ZnO NR‐ and Mini‐NR‐induced intracellular Zn ions or reactive oxygen species were not significantly affected by PA. ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs significantly promoted the expression of ER stress genes HSPA5, DDIT3, XBP‐1s and apoptotic gene CASP3, whereas PA also modestly promoted the expression of HSPA5, DDIT3 and CASP3. Interestingly, the ER stress inducer thapsigargin showed a similar effect as PA to promote the cytotoxicity of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs. It is suggested that PA might promote the cytotoxicity of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs possibly by promoting ER stress.
Effects of High-Fat Diet and Body Mass on Bone Morphology and Mechanical Properties in 1100 Advanced Intercross Mice
Authors: Silva Matthew J , Eekhoff Jeremy D , Patel Tarpit , Kenney-Hunt Jane P , Brodt Michael D , Steger-May Karen , Scheller Erica L , Cheverud James M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Obesity is generally protective against osteoporosis and bone fracture. However, recent studies indicate that the influence of obesity on the skeleton is complex and can be detrimental. We evaluated the effects of a high-fat, obesogenic diet on the femur and radius of 1100 mice (males and females) from the Large-by-Small advanced intercross line (F34 generation). At age 5 months, bone morphology was assessed by microCT and mechanical properties by three-point bending. Mice raised on a high-fat diet had modestly greater cortical area, bending stiffness, and strength. Size-independent material properties were unaffected by a high-fat diet, indicating that diet influenced bone quantity but not quality. Bone size and mechanical properties were strongly correlated with body mass. However, the increases in many bone traits per unit increase in body mass were less in high-fat diet mice than low-fat diet mice. Thus, although mice raised on a high-fat diet have, on average, bigger and stronger bones than low-fat-fed mice, a high-fat diet diminished the positive relationship between body mass and bone size and whole-bone strength. The findings support the concept that there are diminishing benefits to skeletal health with increasing obesity. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Intrapersonal and social–contextual factors related to psychological well‐being among youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Stewart Katricia , Townley Greg 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHomeless youth are adolescents and young adults who do not have stable dwellings but instead live on the streets, in shelters, or in other unstable situations. Although researchers have begun examining well‐being among this population, little is known about components of well‐being that are relevant to homeless youth or which factors predict differences in well‐being. This study examined psychological well‐being and its associations with demographic characteristics, intrapersonal factors (mental health, optimism, and self‐esteem), and social–contextual factors (social support, sense of community, and empowerment) among 100 youth experiencing homelessness. All of the intrapersonal and social–contextual variables were associated with well‐being at the bivariate level. In the full regression model, only self‐esteem and psychological distress remained significant. Findings inform future research and program development at homeless service centers.
KCNQ1 rescues TMC1 plasma membrane expression but not mechanosensitive channel activity
Authors: Harkcom William T. , Papanikolaou Maria , Kanda Vikram , Crump Shawn M. , Abbott Geoffrey W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransmembrane channel‐like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is essential for the generation of mechano‐electrical transducer currents in hair cells of the inner ear. TMC1 disruption causes hair cell degeneration and deafness in mice and humans. Although thought to be expressed at the cell surface in vivo, TMC1 remains in the endoplasmic reticulum when heterologously expressed in standard cell lines, precluding determination of its roles in mechanosensing and pore formation. Here, we report that the KCNQ1 Kv channel forms complexes with TMC1 and rescues its surface expression when coexpressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. TMC1 rescue is specific for KCNQ1 within the KCNQ family, is prevented by a KCNQ1 trafficking‐deficient mutation, and is influenced by KCNE β subunits and inhibition of KCNQ1 endocytosis. TMC1 lowers KCNQ1 and KCNQ1‐KCNE1 K+ currents, and despite the surface expression, it does not detectably respond to mechanical stimulation or high salt. We conclude that TMC1 is not intrinsically mechano‐ or osmosensitive but has the capacity for cell surface expression, and requires partner protein(s) for surface expression and mechanosensitivity. We suggest that KCNQ1, expression of which is not thought to overlap with TMC1 in hair cells, is a proxy partner bearing structural elements or a sequence motif reminiscent of a true in vivo TMC1 hair cell partner. Discovery of the first reported strategy to rescue TMC1 surface expression should aid future studies of the TMC1 function and native partners.
Novel cellular mechanism that mediates the collecting duct formation during postnatal renal development
Authors: del Valle Guaytima Edith , Brandán Yamila Romina , Favale Nicolás Octavio , Sterin‐Speziale Norma B. , Márquez María Gabriela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that kidney embryonic structures are present in rats, and are still developing until postnatal Day 20. Consequently, at postnatal Day 10, the rat renal papilla contains newly formed collecting duct (CD) cells and others in a more mature stage. Performing primary cultures, combined with immunocytochemical and time‐lapse analysis, we investigate the cellular mechanisms that mediate the postnatal CD formation. CD cells acquired a greater degree of differentiation, as we observed that they gradually lose the ability to bind BSL‐I lectin, and acquire the capacity to bind Dolichos biflorus. Because CD cells retain the same behavior in culture than in vivo, and by using DBA and BSL‐I as markers of cellular lineage besides specific markers of epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, the experimental results strongly suggest the existence of mesenchymal cell insertion into the epithelial CD sheet. We propose such a mechanism as an alternative strategy for CD growing and development.
Identification of several cell cycle relevant genes highly correlated with the progression and prognosis of human bladder urothelial tumor
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Song , Luo Yongwen , Yuan Lushun , Peng Tianchen , Qian Kaiyu , Liu Xuefeng , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe incidence of bladder cancer (BCa) in China is the highest among genitourinary system tumors, and its progression is affected by multitudinous pathways, of which cell cycle progress plays an important role. This study screened and enriched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four gene expression profiles using bioinformatics analysis methods. The enrichment and analysis of gene function showed that these genes were highly correlated with cell cycle regulation. Identification of candidate small molecules was conducted to evaluate the application of clinical transformation in these DEGs. Prognostic and stage‐related expression analysis further sorted five highly expressed genes associated with worse prognosis and higher stages in patients with BCa. Further analysis revealed their interaction in cell cycle regulation and genetical alteration. Meanwhile, we validated the elevated expression of these genes through transcription and translation levels. Taking the results together, we could infer that these five genes are valuable in diagnosis, prediction, and providing candidate therapeutic targets for patients with BCa in different stages.
Pseudogene CHIAP2 inhibits proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by means of the WNT pathway
Authors: Shang Jun , Wang Zhongyu , Chen Wenjie , Yang Zuyi , Zheng Liping , Wang Sihua , Li Shikang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecently, pseudogenes have emerged as critical regulators in the onset of human neoplasia. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of pseudogene alterations at transcriptional levels in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By combinations of differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we identified four dysregulated pseudogenes, whose expression level was closely related to LUAD patients' prognosis and the four pseudogene signature could act as an independent prognostic indicator for LUAD patients. We further characterized CHIAP2, one of those four pseudogenes, whose expression level was the most closely linked to LUAD patients' prognosis. Consistent with our analysis, the expression of CHIAP2 was abnormally downregulated in LUAD tissues compared with that in normal tissues in our 50 pairs of clinical samples. Functional assays demonstrated that upregulation of CHIAP2 significantly impaired cell proliferation and invasion. After performing RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and small RNA‐seq between CHIAP2 overexpression and negative control LUAD cell lines, we identified differentially expressed messenger RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), among which six miRNAs were downregulated. Target genes of six downregulated miRNAs were predicted with online miRNA target prediction tools and significant pathways including the WNT signal pathway were identified with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. By combining predictor genes of six downregulated miRNAs and dysregulated genes of the WNT pathway, we inferred that overexpression of CHAP2 may inhibit LUAD cell proliferation and invasion via modulation of NFATC2 or GSK3B (WNT signal pathway) targeted by miR‐3614‐5p or miR‐873‐3p.
Arecoline N‐oxide regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma development through NOTCH1 and FAT1 expressions
Authors: Kuo Tzer‐Min , Nithiyanantham Srinivasan , Lee Chi‐Pin , Hsu Hui‐Ting , Luo Shun‐Yuan , Lin You‐Zhe , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Ko Ying‐Chin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAreca nut has been evaluated as a group I carcinogen to humans. However, the exact compounds of areca nut causing oral cancer remain unproven. Previous findings from our lab revealed that arecoline N‐oxide (ANO), a metabolite of arecoline, exhibits an oral fibrotic effect in immune‐deficient NOD/SCID mice. The aim of this study is to investigate the oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) inductive activity between areca‐alkaloid arecoline and its metabolite ANO in C57BL/6 mice. Our findings show that ANO showed higher activity in inducing hyperplasia with leukoplakia and collagen deposition in C57BL/6 mice compared with the arecoline treated groups. Importantly, immunohistochemical studies showed significant upregulation of NOTCH1, HES1, FAT1, PCNA, and Ki67 expressions in the pathological hyperplastic part. In addition, in vitro studies showed that upregulation of NOTCH1 and FAT1 expressions in ANO treated HGF‐1 and DOK cell models. We found that NOTCH1 regulates TP53 expression from NOTCH1 knockdown oral cancer cells. The DNA damage was significantly increased after arecoline and ANO treatment. Further, we found that arecoline‐induced H2AX expression was regulated by FMO3. Altogether, our findings show that ANO exhibited higher toxicity in OPMD activity and play a significant role in the induction of areca nut mediated oral tumorigenesis.
Nix/BNIP3L‐dependent mitophagy accounts for airway epithelial cell injury induced by cigarette smoke
Authors: Zhang Ming , Shi Rong , Zhang Yeli , Shan Hu , Zhang Qiuhong , Yang Xia , Li Yali , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCigarette smoke‐induced airway epithelial cell mitophagy is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mitochondrial protein Nix (also known as BNIP3L) is a selective autophagy receptor and participates in several human diseases. However, little is known about the role of Nix in airway epithelial cell injury during the development of COPD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Nix on mitophagy and mitochondrial function in airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our present study has found that CSE could increase Nix protein expression and induce mitophagy in airway epithelial cells. And Nix siRNA significantly inhibited mitophagy and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were stimulated with 7.5% CSE. In contrast, Nix overexpression enhanced mitophagy and aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were incubated with 7.5% CSE. These data suggest that Nix‐dependent mitophagy promotes airway epithelial cell and mitochondria injury induced by cigarette smoke, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and other cigarette smoke‐associated diseases.
Mechanisms of statin‐induced new‐onset diabetes
Authors: Paseban Maryam , Butler Alexandra E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStatins, with their lipid‐lowering properties, are a first‐line therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence, however, suggests that statins can increase the risk of new‐onset diabetes (NOD). The molecular mechanisms of statin‐induced NOD are not precisely known, although some pathophysiologic mechanisms have been suggested. Specific to the beta cell, these mechanisms include alterations in insulin secretion, changes in ion channels, modulation of signaling pathways, and inflammation/oxidative stress. Outwith the beta cell, other suggested mechanisms involve adipocytes, including alterations in adipocyte differentiation and modulation of leptin and adiponectin, and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including alterations in microRNA. The evidence supporting these and other mechanisms will be discussed. Greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking the onset of diabetes to statin therapy is essential and clinically relevant, as it may enable novel preventative or therapeutic approaches to be instituted and guide the production of a new generation of statins lacking this side effect.