bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematyka hierarchiczności – wyprowadzenie meta-cech w modelach SEM
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2018

Celem artykułu jest omówienie rekonstrukcji elementów struktur teoretycznych weryfikowanych za pomocą układów równań strukturalnych. Elementy struktur mają charakterystykę jednopoziomową (jednowymiarową) lub hierarchiczną (wielowymiarową), a jej odtworzenie w modelach jest rzeczą niezmiernie istotną. Nieodtworzenie charakterystyki elementów, jak zostanie pokazane, może zwiększyć ryzyko popełnienia błędu pierwszego rodzaju i odrzucenia modelu poprawnego. Istnieją takie elementy, które są na tyle złożone, że weryfikowanie modelu z ich udziałem wymagałoby ogromnego nakładu próby i finansów. Jeżeli badanie polega jedynie na odtworzeniu charakterystyki danego elementu, to wówczas oczywiście jego budowa jest kluczowa. Kiedy jednak badanie sprowadza się do zweryfikowania modelu pewnego procesu substantywnego, w którym elementów jest dużo i połączone są jeszcze w sieci wzajemnych zależności, złożoność modelu rośnie do rozmiarów, które w celu oszacowania dopasowania modelu mogą wymagać tysięcznych obserwacji. W takiej ytuacji pomocne staje się zredukowanie charakterystyki elementów do metacechy. W artykule został omówiony sposób weryfikacji poprawności budowy jednopoziomowej zmiennej latentnej, hierarchicznej zmiennej latentnej2, a także szacowanie procentu wyjaśnionej zmienności oraz rzetelności zmiennych. Przedstawiono również sposób redukowania zmiennej hierarchicznej do metacechy w celu uproszczenia modelu i zredukowania liczby stopni swobody. Zaprezentowano, jak procedura budowania metacechy przekłada się zarówno na rzetelność samej zmiennej, jak i na dopasowanie modelu do danych. Budowa zmiennych została omówiona na przykładzie Skali reakcji na stres oraz Skali hamowania aktywności dziecka.
A study of the first-year academic experience at a growing liberal arts institution
Authors: Hanley-Dafoe Robyne , Bruce Cathy 
Published: June 2018

How can universities ensure that the first-year learning experiences for students are in alignment with a vision of education that is purposeful, personal and transformative? This essay presents the study of Trent University’s first- year academic experience, that aimed to uncover the problems post-secondary institutions face in the ever-changing landscape of first year teaching and learning. The study captured the perspectives of faculty, student support staff and students, in both first and second year, in relation to their academic experiences. The study led to the generation of a series of recommendations and wayforwardings for consideration with the broader goal of supporting student retention as well as quality teaching and learning experiences for both students and faculty. The study spanned 18 months and included surveys, reflections, and an environmental scan of 92 first year course syllabi. This essay also includes a condensed literature review pertaining to student transition theory, student engagement, student motivation to learning, student retention, and 21st century students.
A PRÁTICA DOCENTE DAS PROFESSORAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM BERÇÁRIOS
Authors: De Souza Ana Flávia Oliveira , De Assis Renata Machado 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo expõe os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de investigar a prática de professoras de Educação Física nos berçários, no que se refere à preparação das aulas e à sua formação para o trabalho com crianças de zero a três anos de idade. Os sujeitos foram professoras de Educação Física e coordenadoras que trabalham em CMEI e CEI de Jataí - GO. A realidade encontrada demonstrou que as professoras de Educação Física se sentem preparadas para trabalhar com as crianças de berçários, porém apontam algumas dificuldades, como pouco tempo para as aulas, número elevado de crianças por turma e falta de referencial teórico para subsidiar sua prática. Elas disseram que o processo de formação inicial contribuiu para exercerem a docência em berçários, porém foi falho no quesito vivência prática durante a formação acadêmica. Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Educação Infantil. Berçário.
Hemodynamic effects of MK-467 following intravenous administration to isoflurane-anesthetized cats concurrently receiving dexmedetomidine
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Sakai Daniel M. , Honkavaara Juhana , Campoy Luis , Portela Diego A. , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of each of 3 incremental doses of MK-467 for alleviation of dexmedetomidine-induced hemodynamic depression in isoflurane-anesthetized cats.
ANIMALS 6 healthy adult domestic shorthair cats.
PROCEDURES Each cat was anesthetized with isoflurane and received a target-controlled infusion of dexmedetomidine estimated to maintain the plasma dexmedetomidine concentration at 10 ng/mL throughout the experiment. Heart rate (HR) and direct arterial pressures were measured at baseline (isoflurane administration only), during dexmedetomidine infusion, and before and after IV administration of each of 3 serially increasing doses (15, 30, and 60 μg/kg) of MK-467. Cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded at baseline, during dexmedetomidine infusion, and at the mean arterial pressure nadir after administration of the 30- and 60-μg/kg doses of MK-467.
RESULTS Compared with baseline values, the dexmedetomidine infusion significantly decreased HR and increased arterial pressures. Each dose of MK-467 caused a significant decrease in arterial pressures and a significant, albeit clinically irrelevant, increase in HR (≤ 10%). Following administration of the 30- and 60-μg/kg doses of MK-467, all cats developed clinical hypotension (mean arterial pressure, < 60 mm Hg) even though CI and SVR returned to baseline values.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated administration of small doses of MK-467 to isoflurane-anesthetized cats receiving dexmedetomidine restored CI and SVR, but caused a substantial decrease in arterial pressures and only a marginal increase in HR. Therefore, caution should be used when MK-467 is administered to alleviate dexmedetomidine-induced hemodynamic depression in isoflurane-anesthetized cats.
Antinociceptive efficacy and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine in ball pythons (Python regius)
Authors: Bunke Laura G. , Sladky Kurt K. , Johnson Stephen M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine antinociceptive efficacy, behavioral patterns, and respiratory effects associated with dexmedetomidine administration in ball pythons (Python regius).
ANIMALS 12 ball pythons.
PROCEDURES Antinociception was assessed by applying an infrared heat stimulus to the cranioventral surface of snakes during 2 experiments. Thermal withdrawal latency was measured at 0, 2, and 24 hours after SC injections of dexmedetomidine (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and at 0 to 60 minutes after injection of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or saline solution. Behaviors were recorded at 0, 2, and 24 hours after administration of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or saline solution. Tongue flicking, head flinch to the approach of an observer's hand, movement, and righting reflex were scored. Respiratory frequency was measured by use of plethysmography to detect breathing-related movements after injection of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) or saline solution.
RESULTS Mean baseline withdrawal latency was 5 to 7 seconds; saline solution did not alter withdrawal latency. Dexmedetomidine increased withdrawal latency by 18 seconds (0.2 mg/kg) and 13 seconds (0.1 mg/kg) above baseline values at 2 hours. Increased withdrawal latency was detected within 15 minutes after dexmedetomidine administration. At 2 hours after injection, there were few differences in behavioral scores. Dexmedetomidine injection depressed respiratory frequency by 55% to 70%, compared with results for saline solution, but snakes continued to breathe without prolonged apnea.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dexmedetomidine increased noxious thermal withdrawal latency without causing excessive sedation. Therefore, dexmedetomidine may be a useful analgesic drug in ball pythons and other snake species.
Evaluation of leak pressure and closure time for double-layer esophagotomy closure with an interrupted or a continuous suture pattern
Authors: Schenk Alex P. , Mann F. A. , Middleton John R. , Aeschlimann Kim A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the leak pressure and amount of time required to perform closure for 2 double-layer esophagotomy closure techniques.
SAMPLE 28 intrathoracic esophageal segments harvested from 38 porcine cadavers.
PROCEDURES Longitudinal 3-cm esophagotomy incisions made in porcine cadaveric esophagi were closed with 2 double-layer closure techniques. Fifteen incisions were closed with a simple interrupted pattern, and 13 incisions were closed with a simple continuous pattern. Leak pressure, bursting wall tension, and closure time were compared between suture patterns by use of a t test or Mann-Whitney rank sum test.
RESULTS Median leak pressures differed significantly between segments closed with the simple interrupted pattern (16.0 mm Hg; range, 5.4 to 54.9 mm Hg) and the simple continuous pattern (38.7 mm Hg; range, 11.3 to 81.9 mm Hg). Median bursting wall tension differed significantly between the simple interrupted pattern (0.63 × 105 dynes/cm; range, 0.16 × 105 dynes/cm to 2.89 × 105 dynes/cm) and the simple continuous pattern (1.79 × 105 dynes/cm; range, 0.44 × 105 dynes/cm to 4.70 × 105 dynes/cm). Mean ± SD closure time differed significantly between the simple interrupted pattern (19.2 ± 2.0 minutes) and the simple continuous pattern (14.7 ± 1.5 minutes).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the study reported here, double-layer simple continuous closure resulted in a higher median postoperative leak pressure and higher median postoperative bursting wall tension and could be performed more rapidly than the double-layer simple interrupted closure on these porcine cadaveric specimens.
Women’s Movement for Gender Quotas in Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Ako-Nai Ronke I. , Obamamoye Babatunde F. 
Published: June 2018

The third wave of the international women’s movement expressly broadened the focus of women’s activism to incorporate the clamour for more political representation of women. Within the confines of the struggle, women in Nigeria and Ghana have initiated a movement for gender quotas that will improve their inclusion in decision-making processes. However, there is a paucity of scholarly work on the patterns and precipitating factors of the movement in the context of both states. Against this background, this article draws on interview data to examine the comparative dynamics of the women’s movement for gender quotas in Nigeria and Ghana. It specifically offers explanations of why and how women channel their struggle for political emancipation in both states.
Análisis de la aplicación de los incentivos tributarios para las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del cantón Quito / Analysis of application of tax incentives for small businesses of the food industry in Quito City, Ecuador
Authors: Galarza Torres Sandra Patricia , Armijo Robles Lorenzo , Garcia Aguilar Juanita , Acosta Ximena 
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar los resultados que han generado los incentivos tributarios establecidos en el Código de la Producción, Comercio e Inversión (COPCI) publicado en el registro oficial No. 351 del 29 de diciembre de 2010, en las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del Cantón Quito, Ecuador. Para su desarrollo se utilizó la información financiera del período 2010-2012, investigación documental basada en fuentes bibliográficas, aplicación de encuestas a gerentes y propietarios de pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos y entrevistas a funcionarios públicos. Los resultados mostraron que los incentivos establecidos en el COPCI pueden resultar atractivos desde el punto de vista económico y tributario para el gobierno, sin embargo, para las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del cantón Quito, estos no han generado mayor beneficio en temas de empleo, producción, inversión y recaudación tributaria. Abstract The present study aims to analyze the results that have generated tax incentives established in the Code of Production, Trade and Investment (COPCI) published in the Official Register No. 351 of December 29, 2010, in the small business sector of food of Quito Canton, Ecuador. For the development of this research, the 2010-2012 period of financial information, documental research based on literature sources, application surveys to managers and small business owners, and interviews with industry officials were used. The results showed that the incentives established in the COPCI may be attractive from the point of view of the government about economics and taxes; however, for small businesses of the food industry Quito city, they have not generated the greatest benefits on employment issues, production, investment and tax collection.
Incidencia de las intoxicaciones: un caso en hospital de Ecuador / Incidence of intoxication: a case in an Ecuadorian hospital
Authors: Segura Osorio Marisela , Lam Vivanco Adriana , Santos Luna Jovanny , Lopez Bravo Marcelo , Sanmartin Galvan Diana 
Published: June 2018

Las intoxicaciones son un problema de salud pública y una de las principales causas de ingresos en las salas de emergencias a nivel nacional e internacional. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, transversal y de observación dirigida, para determinar la incidencia de las intoxicaciones en pacientes del Hospital General Teófilo Dávila de la Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador, año 2012, por edad, sexo, procedencia y tóxicos más frecuentes en este medio. La mayor incidencia ocurrió el mes de febrero (16,35%), la muestra de 104 intoxicados, predominó el sexo masculino (66,35%), procedencia urbana (88,46%) y el grupo etario de 20-49 años (60,58%). Las circunstancias, accidental (78,85%), intencional (16,35%) y laboral (4,81%). El mecanismo más relevante fue la ingesta (84,62%), los tipos de agente son, los alimentos/bebidas (29,81%) y las sustancias de abuso (25%). Abstract Intoxication is a public health problem and one of the main causes of admission in emergency rooms nationwide and internationally. An exploratory, descriptive, and cross sectional research of a directed observation was conducted to determine the incidence of intoxication in patients of General Teófilo Dávila Hospital in El Oro Province, Ecuador, in 2012; patients were classified by age, sex, origin, and the most frequent toxicant in this area. The highest incidence was February (16.35%), in the sample of 104 intoxicated males predominated (66.35%), urban origin (88.46%) and the age group of 20-49 years (60.58%). The circumstances were: accidental (78.85%), intentional (16, 35 %) and employment (4.81%). The most important mechanism is the intake (84.62 %), the agent types are food / beverages (29.81 %) and substance abuse (25%).
Manajemen Pemanenan dan Penanganan Pasca Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Teluk Siak Estate, Riau
Authors: Ugroseno Rene , Wachjar Ade 
Published: June 2018

<em>Penelitian dilaksanakan di Divisi III Teluk Siak Estate, Riau mulai bulan Februari hingga Mei 2012. Tujuan dari kegiatan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman kerja di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Tujuan utama kegiatan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengelolaan pemanenan dan penanganan pasca panen tandan buah segar kelapa sawit untuk memperoleh minyak kelapa sawit yang berkualitas. Kerapatan panen di Teluk Siak Estate cenderung cukup rendah, sehingga tidak banyak buah yang dapat dipanen. Persentase angka kerapatan panen antara 12% hingga 19%. Banjir dan brondolan tertinggal masih menjadi penyebab produksi tidak optimal. Persentase buah mentah yaitu 0% (standar 0%), buah kurang matang 4.02% (standar &lt; 5%), buah matang 95.98% (standar &gt; 95%), dan janjang kosong 0% (standar 0%). Pemanenan buah mentah akan mengurangi rendemen minyak, dan buah kelewat matang akan meningkatkan asam lemak bebas.</em>
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk
Authors: Kurniawan Rizal Mahdi , Purnamawati Heni , E. K Yudiwanti Wahyu 
Published: June 2018

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Leuwikopo IPB Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juni 2013. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sistem tanam alur sebagai petak utama dan jenis pupuk sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem tanam alur meningkatkan daya hasil pada produktivitas biji kering, produktivitas polong kering, dan bobot kering biji per tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan sistem tanam konvensional. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan sistem tanam alur yang memiliki produktivitas 2.93 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan sistem tanam konvensional sebesar 2.55 ton/ha polong kering. Sistem budidaya kacang tanah pada sistem tanam alur dapat meningkatkan efisiensi tanaman dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara yang telah diberikan baik pupuk organik maupun anorganik, sehingga pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah menjadi lebih baik. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang ayam + Dolomit + NPK memberikan respon terhadap pertumbuhan dan daya hasil rata-rata tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk lainnya.</em></p>
Conflicto ambiental en Ventanas: Análisis desde una perspectiva de la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia
Authors: Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara Kay , Irarrázabal Sánchez Ricardo , íngel Hernández Piroska 
Published: June 2018

Los principios entregados por la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia (DSI) en materia ambiental pueden constituir una fuente de inspiración que ayude a buscar mecanismos de comprensión y de resolución en relación con los problemas sociales y medioambientales en territorios determinados, como por ejemplo el área industrial de Ventanas en Puchuncaví­, Chile. El presente proyecto de investigación pretende aportar desde la identificación y sistematización de las conceptualizaciones medioambientales propuestas por la DSI, para evaluar el accionar del Estado y de las empresas que componen el área industrial de Ventanas. Al mismo tiempo, pretende comprender factores y procesos, por medio de entrevistas y encuestas a actores claves del conflicto y así­ generar propuestas que permitan avanzar en la solución del problema.Palabras clave: Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, conflictos socioambientales, Ventanas, Puchuncaví­Environmental Conflict in Ventanas: Analysis from the Catholic Social Teaching perspectiveAbstractThe given principles by the Catholic Social Teaching (DSI) in the environmentalmatter can constitute a source of inspiration helping to find understanding and resolution mechanisms in relation with the social and environmental problems in determined territories, for example, the Industrial Area of Ventanas in Puchuncaví­, Chile. The present research project aims to contribute from the identification and systematization of environmental conceptualizations proposed by the DSI to evaluate actions by the State and the companies composing the industrial area of Ventanas. At the same time, through interviews and surveys, this project intends to understand factors, process, and principal actors in the conflict in order to generate proposals to advance in the solution of environmental problems.Keywords: Catholic Social Teaching, socio-environmental conflict, Ventanas, Puchuncaví­Conflito Ambiental em Ventanas: Análise desde uma perspectiva da Doutrina Social da IgrejaResumoOs princí­pios entregados pela Doutrina Social da Igreja (DSI) em matéria ambiental podem constituir uma fonte de inspiração que ajude a buscar mecanismos de compreensão e de resolução no que refere aos problemas sociaise do meio ambiente em territórios determinados como, por exemplo, a áreaindustrial de Ventanas em Puchuncaví­, Chile. O atual projeto de investigaçãovisa contribuir desde a identificação e sistematização das conceptualizações sobre o meio ambiente propostas pela DSI, para avaliar as ações do Estado e das empresas que compõem a área industrial de Ventanas. Ao mesmo tempo visa compreender os fatores e processos por meio de entrevistas e pesquisas a atores chaves do conflito, para assim gerar propostas que permitam avançar na solução do problema.Palavras-chave: Doutrina Social da Igreja, conflitos socioambientais, Ventanas, Puchuncaví­
Domestic Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania
Authors: Lotto Josephat , Mmari Catherine T. 
Published: June 2018

The main objective of this paper was to examine the impact of domestic debt on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1990 to 2015 using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method to estimate the effects. The study finds that there is an inverse but insignificant relationship between domestic debt and the economic growth of Tanzania as measured by GDP annual growth. The inverse relationship between domestic debt and GDP may be caused by different factors such as; increased trend in domestic borrowing, government lenders’ profile dominated by commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions which promotes the “crowding out” effect; the nature of the instruments used by the government ; the improper use of the domestic borrowed funds which may include funding budgetary deficits, paying up principal and matured obligations on debt, developing financial markets as well as fund other government operations.
Other control variables relate with the GDP as predicted. For example, Inflation (INF) has a negative effect on the GDP growth rate, but the relationship is not statistically significant, while gross capital formation (GCF) has a positive statistically significant effect on GDP growth rate. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) showed a positive effect on the GDP growth rate and export (X) has a positive effect on GDP growth rate, and the relationship is statistically significant explaining that if a country applied an export-led growth economic strategy it enjoys the gains of participating in the world market. This means that an increase in export stimulates demand for goods which leads to increase in output, and as a country’s output increases, the economic performance also takes a similar trend. Finally, government expenditure (GE) had a negative effect on the GDP growth rate which may be explained by the increased government expenditures which are funded by either tax or borrowing.
Therefore, what is required for countries like Tanzania is to have better debt management strategies as well as prudential financial management while maintaining to remain within the internationally acceptable debt level of 45% of GDP and maintain a GDP growth rate of not less than 5%. It is important for the country to realize from where to borrow from, the tenure, the risks involved and limitations to borrowing and thus set the right balance of combination of both kinds of debt. Another requirement is to properly utilize the borrowed funds. The central government’s objective should be to use the funds in more development-oriented projects that bring positive returns to the economic development. The government should not only create a right environment and policies for investment to attract investment from domestic and foreign sources but also be cautious about the kind of investments that the foreign investors make.