bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Across Adulthood and Bone Health in Later Life: The 1946 British Birth Cohort
Authors: Muthuri Stella G , Ward Kate A , Kuh Diana , Elhakeem Ahmed , Adams Judith E , Cooper Rachel 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is widely recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures in older populations. However, whether the beneficial effects of LTPA on bone accumulate across life and are maintained even after reduction or cessation of regular PA in later life is unknown. We examined whether LTPA across adulthood was cumulatively associated with volumetric and areal bone mineral density (vBMD, aBMD) at ages 60 to 64 and whether associations were mediated by lean mass. Up to 1498 participants from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development were included in analyses. LTPA was self-reported at ages 36, 43, 53, and 60 to 64, and responses summed to generate a cumulative score (range 0 = inactive at all four ages to 8 = most active at all four ages). Total and trabecular vBMD were measured at the distal radius using pQCT and aBMD at the total hip and lumbar spine (L1 to L4) using DXA. Linear regression was used to test associations of the cumulative LTPA score with each bone outcome. After adjustment for height and weight, a 1-unit increase in LTPA score (95% CI) in men was associated with differences of 1.55% (0.78% to 2.31%) in radial trabecular vBMD, 0.83% (0.41% to 1.25%) in total hip aBMD, and 0.97% (0.44% to 1.49%) in spine aBMD. Among women, positive associations were seen for radial trabecular vBMD and total hip aBMD, but only among those of greater weight (LTPA × weight interaction p ≤ 0.01). In men, there was evidence to suggest that lean mass index may partly mediate these associations. These findings suggest that there are cumulative benefits of LTPA across adulthood on BMD in early old age, especially among men. The finding of weaker associations among women suggests that promotion of specifıc types of LTPA may be needed to benefit bone health in women. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants based on 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐(Methylthio)Butanoic Acid Part 3: Microemulsions from Nonionic Sulfoxide Ester Surfactants
Authors: Shahrashoob Zahra , Yu Guangzhe , Long Scott , Grady Brian P. , Harwell Jeff , Arhancet Graciela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, ester sulfoxide (ESO) surfactants based on 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butyric acid are shown to have temperature‐sensitive microemulsion phase behaviors. Both C10 (C10ESO) and C12 (C12ESO) surfactants studied contained one sulfoxide unit in the structure. Phase inversion temperatures (PIT) and interfacial tensions (IFT) between water‐rich and oil‐rich phases have been measured for ternary systems of water, oil, and sulfoxide surfactants. Hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) parameters of these surfactants were obtained by fitting the experimental data to a semiempirical HLD equation. The characteristic surfactant parameter and temperature sensitivity of C10ESO and C12ESO surfactants were obtained and compared with similar ethoxylated alcohol surfactants. By comparing the characteristic parameters of these surfactants with those of ethoxylated alcohol surfactants, it was shown that one sulfoxide ester moiety is equally hydrophilic as approximately 5 ethylene oxide groups. The temperature sensitivity of the ESO was roughly a factor of four less than ethoxylated surfactants based on the temperature coefficient of the HLD equation.
Dynamics of rural landscapes in marginal areas of northern Spain: Past, present, and future
Authors: González Díaz José Antonio , Celaya Rafael , Fernández García Felipe , Osoro Koldo , Rosa García Rocío 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEuropean marginal areas hold multifunctional landscapes threatened by current changes in socio‐economy. Understanding both common and singular drivers behind the changes in the local socio‐economy and the landscapes is crucial to design sustainable policies at several spatial scales, which guarantee the provision of multiple ecosystem services in those areas. This work investigated the evolution of the local socio‐economy as well as the changes in landscape structure and composition in two areas (one in lowlands and other in high mountains) from northern Spain, which are representative of the European Union marginal territories. The censuses of local human population and livestock species together with landscape metrics from 1956 and 2011 were evaluated from both areas. Depopulation due to rural exodus, land abandonment, and drastic changes in livestock production systems concurred with reforestation, shrub expansion, and grassland reductions, which led to landscape fragmentation in the highlands and compactation in the lowlands. Eucalyptus plantations proliferated, whereas croplands virtually disappeared in the lowlands, where dairy systems were substituted by beef cattle. In the highlands, broom expanded and heathlands declined as small ruminants disappeared. Improvements in rural development and reformulated land management strategies at landscape scale will be crucial to control social and environmental degradation associated with the expansion of certain classes.
Temporal and spatial distributions of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide in seawater and marine atmosphere of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea
Authors: Zhu Rong , Yang Gui‐Peng , Zhang Hong‐Hai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations were determined in seawater and the overlying atmosphere of the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent area during two cruises from 22 February 2016 to 15 March 2016 and from 03 July 2016 to 25 July 2016. The concentration ranges of COS, DMS, and CS2 in seawater during winter were 121–388 pmol L−1, 0.321–1.59 nmol L−1, and 10.3–46.8 pmol L−1, respectively, and those during summer were 98–346 pmol L−1, 0.397–9.13 nmol L−1, and 13.3–65.4 pmol L−1. The DMS concentration in surface seawater varied seasonally, whereas the COS and CS2 concentrations varied little. The atmospheric mixing ratios of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 459–777 pptv, 5.2–96.8 pptv, and 96.9–164 pptv during winter and 417–644 pptv, 133–365 pptv, and 15.8–89.8 pptv during summer, respectively. A correlation analysis revealed that COS concentration was related to the concentrations of DMS and CS2. The estimated fluxes of COS, DMS, and CS2 were in the range of 1.19–2.06 μg m−2 d−1, 15.11–164.81 μg m−2 d−1, and 0.27‐1.32 μg m−2 d−1 during winter and 0.61–0.97 μg m−2 d−1, 71.76–2511 μg m−2 d−1, and 0.38–1.47 μg m−2 d−1 during summer, respectively. These results indicate that the study area is a sink for COS, but served as a source of atmospheric DMS and CS2 during the study period.
PDE10A and ADCY5 mutations linked to molecular and microstructural basal ganglia pathology
Authors: Niccolini Flavia , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Yousaf Tayyabah , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Salpietro Vincenzo , Pagano Gennaro , Balint Bettina , Efthymiou Stephanie , Houlden Henry , Gunn Roger N. , Wood Nicholas , Bhatia Kailash P. , Politis Marios 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundStriatal cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity modulates movement and is determined from the balance between its synthesis by adenylate cyclase 5 (ADCY5) and its degradation by phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A).ObjectiveWe assessed the integrity of striatocortical pathways, in vivo, in 2 genetic hyperkinetic disorders caused by ADCY5 and PDE10A mutations.MethodsWe studied 6 subjects with PDE10A and ADCY5 mutations using [11C]IMA107 PET, [123I]FP‐CIT Single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and multimodal MRI to investigate PDE10A and dopamine transporter availability, neuromelanin‐containing neurons, and microstructural white and gray matter changes, respectively.ResultsWe found that PDE10A and ADCY5 mutations were associated with decreased PDE10A expression in the striatum and globus pallidus, decreased dopamine transporter expression in the striatum, loss of substantia nigra neuromelanin‐containing neurons, and microstructural white and gray matter changes within the substantia nigra, striatum, thalamus, and frontoparietal cortices.ConclusionsOur findings indicate an association between PDE10A and ADCY5 mutations and pre/postsynaptic molecular changes, substantia nigra damage, and white and gray matter changes within the striatocortical pathways. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Electroencephalography‐based machine learning for cognitive profiling in Parkinson's disease: Preliminary results
Authors: Betrouni Nacim , Delval Arnaud , Chaton Laurence , Defebvre Luc , Duits Annelien , Moonen Anja , Leentjens Albert F.G. , Dujardin Kathy 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive symptoms are common in patients with Parkinson's disease. Characterization of a patient's cognitive profile is an essential step toward the identification of predictors of cognitive worsening.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of the combination of resting‐state EEG and data‐mining techniques to build characterization models.MethodsDense EEG data from 118 patients with Parkinson's disease, classified into 5 different groups according to the severity of their cognitive impairments, were considered. Spectral power analysis within 7 frequency bands was performed on the EEG signals. The obtained quantitative EEG features of 100 patients were mined using 2 machine‐learning algorithms to build and train characterization models, namely, support vector machines and k‐nearest neighbors models. The models were then blindly tested on data from 18 patients.ResultsThe overall classification accuracies were 84% and 88% for the support vector machines and k‐nearest algorithms, respectively. The worst classifications were observed for patients from groups with small sample sizes, corresponding to patients with the severe cognitive deficits. Whereas for the remaining groups for whom an accurate diagnosis was required to plan the future healthcare, the classification was very accurate.ConclusionThese results suggest that EEG features computed from a daily clinical practice exploration modality in—that it is nonexpensive, available anywhere, and requires minimal cooperation from the patient—can be used as a screening method to identify the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Interpretation of QSAR Models: Mining Structural Patterns Taking into Account Molecular Context
Authors: Matveieva Mariia , Cronin Mark T. D. , Polishchuk Pavel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe study focused on QSAR model interpretation. The goal was to develop a workflow for the identification of molecular fragments in different contexts important for the property modelled. Using a previously established approach – Structural and physicochemical interpretation of QSAR models (SPCI) – fragment contributions were calculated and their relative influence on the compounds’ properties characterised. Analysis of the distributions of these contributions using Gaussian mixture modelling was performed to identify groups of compounds (clusters) comprising the same fragment, where these fragments had substantially different contributions to the property studied. SMARTSminer was used to detect patterns discriminating groups of compounds from each other and visual inspection if the former did not help. The approach was applied to analyse the toxicity, in terms of 40 hour inhibition of growth, of 1984 compounds to Tetrahymena pyriformis. The results showed that the clustering technique correctly identified known toxicophoric patterns: it detected groups of compounds where fragments have specific molecular context making them contribute substantially more to toxicity. The results show the applicability of the interpretation of QSAR models to retrieve reasonable patterns, even from data sets consisting of compounds having different mechanisms of action, something which is difficult to achieve using conventional pattern/data mining approaches.
isoPhasor: a generic and precise marker visualization, localization, and quantification method based on phase saddles in 3D MR imaging
Authors: Bouwman Job G. , Custers Bram A. , Bakker Chris J.G. , Viergever Max A. , Seevinck Peter R. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo derive a generic approach for accurate localization and characterization of susceptibility markers in MRI, compatible with many common types of pulse sequences, sampling trajectories, and acceleration methods.Theory and MethodsA susceptibility marker’s dipolar phase evolution creates 3 saddles in the phase gradient of the spatial encoding, for each sampled data point in k‐space. The signal originating from these saddles can be focused at the location of the marker to create positive contrast. The required phase shift can be calculated from the scan parameters and the marker properties, providing a marker detection algorithm generic for different scan types. The method was validated numerically and experimentally for a broad range of spherical susceptibility markers (0.3 < radius < 1.6 mm, 10 < |∆χ| < 3300 ppm), under various conditions.ResultsFor all numerical and experimental phantoms, the average localization error was below one third of the voxel size, whereas the average error in magnetic strength quantification was 7%. The experiments included different pulse sequences (gradient echo, spin echo [SE], and free induction decay scans), sampling strategies (Cartesian, radial), and acceleration methods (echo planar imaging EPI, turbo SE).ConclusionSpherical markers can be identified from their phase saddles, enabling clear visualization, precise localization, and accurate quantification of their magnetic strength, in a wide range of clinically relevant pulse sequences and sampling strategies.
Shifting Indigenous Australian Realities: Dispersal, Damage, and Resurgence: Introduction
Authors: Hinkson Melinda , Vincent Eve 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe new millennium has seen the landscape of Australian Indigenous politics and policy rapidly transformed. This overview essay explores these transformations, highlighting the rise of incorporation and intervention as preferred modes of governance in this period. The essay argues for a need for anthropological attention to grapple with settler colonial legacies as well as higher level processes at work in the contemporary circumstances of Aboriginal people's lives. It offers three terms through which these circumstances might be approached: Dispersal refers to the uneven and unpredictable distribution of policy and ecological effects, the advent of more dispersed and pervasive technologies of governmental surveillance, and new patterns of and reasons for Indigenous movement. Damage glosses questions of suffering, harm, poverty, and also a broader condition: the ecological wreckage colonial capitalist developments often leave in their wake. Resurgence addresses the variety of creative responses made by Indigenous people as they endure and attempt to transcend this intensified governance of their lives.
Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on two wheat cultivars: An integrated approach
Authors: Vita Federico , Giuntoli Beatrice , Arena Simona , Quaranta Fabrizio , Bertolini Edoardo , Lucarotti Valentina , Guglielminetti Lorenzo , Alessio Massimo , Scaloni Andrea , Alpi Amedeo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvestigation of cultivated plant physiology grown under low energy input plays an important role to indicate their fitness to the new environmental conditions. The durum‐wheat cultivars Creso and Dylan were tested to evaluate the growth, production, and proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of the crop under different synthetic and organic nitrogen fertilization regimes. In this work, a two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) approach combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to investigate the protein changes induced by the use of different nitrogen sources (hydrolysate of proteins 1 and 2, rhizovit, synthesis, leather) on wheat plants. Proteomic studies were integrated with qPCR analysis of genes related to glutamine synthetase/glutamine‐2‐oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GS‐GOGAT) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolic pathways because most relevant for nitrogen‐dependent plants growth. The proteomic analysis lead to the isolation of 23 spots that were able to distinguish the analyzed samples. These spots yielded the identification of 60 proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and nitrogen metabolism. As an example, the quinone oxidoreductase‐like protein and probable glutathione S‐transferase GSTU proteins were identified in two spots that represents the most statistically significant ones in Dylan samples. Transcript analysis indicated that related genes exhibited different expression trends; the heat map also revealed the different behaviors of the hydrolysates of the proteins 1 and 2 nitrogen sources. The effects of nitrogenous fertilizers at the proteomic and agronomic levels revealed that plants fertilized with synthesis or rhizovit gave the best results concerning yield, whereas rhizovit and protein hydrolysates were most effective for proteins content in the grain (% of dry weight). Therefore, all parameters measured in this study indicated that different kinds of nitrogen fertilization used have a relevant impact on plant growth and production.
Amphiphilic polylactide‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers: Self‐assembly behavior and cell affinity
Authors: Loiola Lívia M. D. , de Farias Marcelo A. , Portugal Rodrigo V. , Felisberti Maria I. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPolylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester recognized for its potential use as a biomedical material. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and copolymers based on PEO and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) are biocompatible polyethers widely applied in the biomedical field, particularly as macromolecular nonionic surfactants. In this work, PLA blocks were attached to the PEO and to the PEO and PPO‐based triblock copolymer PEO–PPO–PEO, through ring‐opening polymerization of racemic lactide (rac‐LA) to obtain the amphiphilic triblock PLA–PEO–PLA and pentablock PLA–PEO–PPO–PEO–PLA copolymers containing hydrophilic/hydrophobic blocks with variable block mass ratios. The copolymers were evaluated for chemical composition, molar mass, and thermal properties, and they were used to prepare self‐assemble aggregates in water from tetrahydrofuran polymer solutions. The combination of scattering light experiments and microscopy techniques revealed the spherical morphology of the aggregates with diameters around 180–200 nm, which comprises a hydrophobic PLA core and a hydrophilic polyether shell. The aggregates are nontoxic to human cervical cancer cell line — HeLa cells, as determined by MTS assay, and the aggregates are potential candidates to be applied in the encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2203–2213
Shared decision making in oncology: A model based on patients', health care professionals', and researchers' views
Authors: Bomhof‐Roordink Hanna , Fischer Maarten J. , van Duijn‐Bakker Nanny , Baas‐Thijssen Monique C. , van der Weijden Trudy , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Pieterse Arwen H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo construct a model of shared decision making (SDM) about cancer treatment by conducting an extensive consultation of stakeholders, informed by the literature.MethodsWe interviewed 76 stakeholders: cancer patients, potential future patients, oncologists, nurses, and SDM‐researchers. We asked, “If I say ‘Doctors and patients making decisions together about cancer treatment,’ what does this make you think about?” Ideas were further solicited by presenting 19 cards each describing a possible SDM element. Interviews were inductively coded and analysed, and the emerging themes were integrated into a model.ResultsThe model that was based on participants' views assigns specific roles in SDM to both oncologists and patients. Oncologists determine possible treatments, emphasise the importance of patients' opinion, explain treatment options, get to know patients, guide patients, and provide treatment recommendations. Patients ask questions, express thoughts and feelings, consider options, offer opinions, and decide or delegate decisions to oncologists. Outside consultations, patients search for information, prepare questions, and consider options.ConclusionsNext to oncologists' role, cancer patients also have a clear role in SDM about cancer treatment, during and outside consultations. Patients should receive the support they need to fulfil this requirement.
Investigation of Preparation, Solubility and Stability Properties of Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate (NiHN)
Authors: Cartwright Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing an initial, brief, review of the environmental problems associated with the use of lead based primers, and also some of their potential replacements, this study investigated the preparation of the promising, lead free, energetic material nickel hydrazine nitrate by different methods. All three methods trialed produced the same, analytically indistinguishable, compound but with minor changes in visual appearance. The solution properties governing the precipitation process were investigated in a controlled pH titration experiment. Product solubility in a number of common solvents was investigated. Aqueous ammonia and hydrazine hydrate proved the best “non‐destructive solvents” for the solid. UV spectroscopy and conductivity of the solutions obtained was used as an indicator of the processes involved in the solubility. Using the critical pH conditions for precipitation from aqueous solutions of hydrazine and nickel nitrate the formation constant for the tris hydrazine complex was determined. Also using the solubility of the tris‐hydrazine complex in concentrated hydrazine hydrate an equilibrium constant for the formation of the soluble hexa‐hydrazine complex from insoluble tris hydrazine complex was determined. These values were compared with similar values for nickel hydrazine complexes with other anions. The origins of these differences were discussed. Further work on controlling and measuring the particle size of the NiHN produced should be considered.
Unique RING finger structure from the human HRD1 protein
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhide , Taguchi Yukari , Saito Kazuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractArtificial RING fingers (ARFs) are created by transplanting active sites of RING fingers onto cross‐brace structures. Human hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1) is involved in the degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. HRD1 possesses the RING finger domain (HRD1_RING) that functions as a ubiquitin‐ligating (E3) enzyme. Herein, we determined the solution structure of HRD1_RING using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Moreover, using a metallochromic indicator, we determined the stoichiometry of zinc ions spectrophotometrically and found that HRD1_RING binds to two zinc atoms. The Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool database predicted the structure of HRD1_RING as a typical RING finger. However, it was found that the actual structure of HRD1_RING adopts an atypical RING‐H2 type RING fold. This structural analysis unveiled the position and range of the active site of HRD1_RING that contribute to its specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2)‐binding capability.