bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Tolerance of Intraoperative Enteral Nutrition Support in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Sunderman Christina A. , Gottschlich Michele M. , Allgeier Chris , Warden Glenn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple surgical procedures required by patients with extensive thermal injuries impedes delivery of adequate nutrition support, leading to caloric deficits, weight loss, delayed wound healing, and increased length of stay. The standard practice at our institution for >20 years has been to continuously infuse postpyloric enteral nutrition (EN) during surgery. The purpose of this review was to examine the safety and efficacy of intraoperative EN support.MethodsA retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with burn injuries >30% total body surface area provided a 20‐year (1995–2014) safety assessment associated with intraoperative feeding along with an evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance and efficacy. Continuous variables were summarized by mean and SD, whereas categorical variables were summarized by counts and percentages.ResultsThe 20‐year review confirmed the safety of intraoperative feeding, as the assessment of 434 patients revealed no incidence of aspiration. Patients were successfully fed during an average of 8.4 ± 6.5 surgical procedures and received EN support for a mean of 49.9 ± 31.7 days. Uninterrupted nutrition delivery was well tolerated with minimal gastrointestinal intolerance. Patients achieved an average nitrogen balance of 3.1 ± 2.8 and 70% maintained ±10% of their body weight at time of discharge.ConclusionEN has been safely provided with marginal intolerance during surgical procedures over the past 20 years. Continuous nutrition support with negligible interruption is integral to meet nutrient needs for wound healing, preservation of weight and nutrition parameters, and optimize length of stay in pediatric patients with extensive thermal injuries.
Changes in hepatitis B antibody status after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Choi Young Bae , Lee Na Hee , Yi Eun Sang , Kim Yae‐Jean , Koo Hong Hoe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer may be at an increased risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) when levels of hepatitis B antibodies are reduced owing to chemotherapy‐induced immunosuppression. This study evaluated the changes in HBV antibody status and HBV infections after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureThe data of patients with ALL diagnosed between April 2007 and March 2013 were retrospectively collected. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titers were defined as negative at levels <10 IU/L. The HBsAb titers were individually compared before and after chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 88 patients were included in this study. At the time of diagnosis, 32 (36.4%) and 56 (63.6%) patients were HBsAb negative and HBsAb positive, respectively. The 56 HBsAb‐positive patients were categorized into two groups, namely, group A with 44 patients (78.6%, 44/56) who became HBsAb negative after chemotherapy, and group B with 12 patients (21.4%) who remained HBsAb positive. On multivariate analysis, lower initial levels of HBsAb titers were associated with HBsAb negativity after chemotherapy (relative risk: 1.003, 95% confidence interval: 1.001‐1.006; P = .009).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that patients with a low level of prechemotherapy HBsAb titers were likely to become HBsAb negative after chemotherapy. Therefore, evaluation of HBsAb status may be necessary after the completion of chemotherapy in children with ALL.
2,6‐Diaminopyridine and Acrylamide‐Based Copolymers with Upper Critical Solution Temperature‐type Behavior in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Asadujjaman Asad , Ahmadi Vahid , Michel Claude Franc Antoine , Bertin Annabelle 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA novel copolymer based on supramolecular motif 2,6‐diaminopyridine and water‐soluble acrylamide, poly[N‐(6‐acetamidopyridin‐2‐yl) acrylamide‐co‐acrylamide], was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with various monomer compositions. The thermoresponsive behavior of the copolymers was studied by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The obtained copolymers showed an upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type phase transition behavior in water and electrolyte solution. The phase transition temperature was found to increase with decreasing amount of acrylamide in the copolymer and increasing concentration of the solution. Furthermore, the phase transition temperature varied in aqueous solutions of electrolytes according to the nature and concentration of the electrolyte in accordance with the Hoffmeister series. A dramatic solvent isotope effect on the transition temperature was observed in this study, as the transition temperature was almost 10–12 °C higher in D2O than in H2O at the same concentration and acrylamide composition. The size of the aggregates below the transition temperature was larger in D2O compared to that in H2O that can be explained by deuterium isotope effect. The thermoresponsive behavior of the copolymers was also investigated in different cell medium and found to be exhibited UCST‐type phase transition behavior in different cell medium. Such behavior of the copolymers can be useful in many applications including biomedical, microfluidics, optical materials, and in drug delivery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2064–2073
Energetics of reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge with argon carrier gas: VIII hydrofluoromethanes
Authors: Watson Sean , Nisol Bernard , Wertheimer Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe method we have developed for understanding energetic exchanges between precursor molecules and argon (Ar) carrier gas in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has much‐proven merit. The present article focuses on hydrofluoromethanes, CHxFy. The precursors (‰ concentrations) were mixed with Ar in a 20 kHz, 8 kV (peak‐to‐peak) DBD. For each compound, Em, the energy absorbed per molecule, was plotted as a function of precursor flow rate. Besides the determination of Em, we have used optical emission spectroscopy as a diagnostic of the plasma physicochemistry. The influence of chemical structure has been investigated by depositing thin plasma polymer coatings; we have measured their deposition rates and water contact angles, which have been correlated with Em values and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.
Validation of a Multi‐Dimensional Model for Unsteady Combustion of AP/HTPB Propellants
Authors: López‐Munoz Carmen , Sánchez Velasco Francisco‐Javier , García‐Cascales José‐Ramón , Mur Ramón , Otón‐Martínez Ramón‐Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, a model for the characterization of unsteady combustion of AP/HTPB composite propellants is benchmarked against experimental data. The model describes a change of phase of the propellant from condensed to gas phase and afterwards its combustion by a simplified chemistry scheme. A Finite Volume approximation is used to solve the system of equations. Firstly, the conservation equations including all source terms but combustion source terms are solved, in this case the numerical fluxes are computed by using Rusanov numerical scheme. Diffusive source terms are solved explicitly. After this, a first order Euler scheme is used to solve the system of ordinary differential equations resulting after considering the combustion source terms. The code is validated with two tests: the burning of a strand composed by AP and HTPB in sandwich configuration and the burning of a strand composed by AP particles uniformly distributed within HTPB. In both cases, simulation results are compared with experimental data. Influence of the pressure in burning rate, AP mass fraction, temperature and gas velocity are examined for sandwich test. For the strand, the effect of the pressure and initial temperature is also analyzed. Results show a good agreement between experimental and numerical data.
Efficient Synthesis by Mono‐Carboxy Methylation of 4,4′‐Biphenol, X‐ray Diffraction, Spectroscopic Characterization and Computational Study of the Crystal Packing of Ethyl 2‐((4′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)oxy)acetate
Authors: Khan Burhan , Khalid Muhammad , Shah Muhammad Raza , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ali Akbar , Muhammad Shabbir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, mono‐carboxy methylation of 4,4′‐Biphenol was accomplished to give ethyl 2‐((4′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)oxy)acetate (EBPA). The chemical structure of EBPA was determined using single crystal XRD and characterized by FT‐IR, UV‐Visible, 1H‐NMR, EIMS and elemental analysis. Additionally, computational studies of EBPA were performed using density functional theory (DFT) at M06‐2X/6‐311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) levels of theory to get optimized structures and countercheck the experimental findings. Overall, DFT findings at M06‐2X/6‐311+G(d,p) level show good concurrence with the experimental data which confirms the purity of EBPA. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were explored at M06‐2X/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory. UV‐Vis analysis at TDDFT/M06‐2X/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory showed that experimental absorption wavelength was in good agreement with DFT calculated absorption wavelength. NBO analysis disclosed that hyperconjugative interactions and hydrogen bonding network are responsible for the stability of EBPA. The global reactivity parameters indicate that EBPA holds more donating capability and stability. The NLO results were observed better than standard molecule recommended the NLO activity of EBPA. We hope that this synergistic experimental‐computational study may provide new ways for the utilization of EBPA as NLO material for hi‐tech applications.
3D Hierarchical N, O Co–Doped MoS2/NiO Hollow Microspheres as Reusable Catalyst for Nitrophenols Reduction
Authors: Chen Qiushuang , Li Yang , Li Qiuhao , Jia Yanlin , Qiao Xiuqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe exploitation of efficient noble metal free catalyst for nitrophenols is of great importance. Herein, 3D hierarchical N, O‐MoS2/NiO hollow microspheres have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. Characterizations reveal that the as‐obtained hollow microspheres were assembled by amorphous N, O co‐doped MoS2 and NiO nanosheets. Catalytic experiments show that the hollow microspheres displayed remarkably enhanced catalytic activity for 2, 3, 4‐nitrophenol reduction with the kapp reaching 1.72 min−1 for 4‐nitrophenol, among the best reported non‐noble metal catalysts. The greatly enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the synergistic effects of abundant exposed catalytic edge sites, intimate P−N heterojunction between NiO and N, O‐MoS2, as well as the hollow porous structure. Moreover, the recovered N, O‐MoS2/NiO hollow microspheres can be reused in successive 8 cycles without much losing its activity. These results suggest that the novel N, O‐MoS2/NiO hollow microspheres had significant application potential for wastewater treatment.
Chiral Zinc Complexes Used as Fluorescent Sensor for Natural Amino Acids
Authors: Li Ge , Zhao Xiaoxi , Wang Li , Liu Weisheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal complexes have been used as “enzyme mimics” to sense many biologically relevant molecules. Herein, a pair of chiral mononuclear zinc complexes have been used as biomimetic models to sense natural amino acids. These chiral zinc complexes were easy to prepare and the ligands were derived from the cheap and readily available natural chiral lactic acids. They exhibited the ability to distinguish Cys (cysteine) and His (histidine) from other natural amino acids at the same time in aqueous solution. Moreover, they also performed effectively enantioselective discrimination for enantiomers of Leu, Met, Val and Phe in acetonitrile.
Porous Copper Microspheres for Selective Production of Multicarbon Fuels via CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zou Chengqin , Xi Cong , Wu Deyao , Mao Jing , Liu Min , Liu Hui , Dong Cunku , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) toward high‐value fuels can reduce the carbon footprint and store intermittent renewable energy. The iodide‐ion‐assisted synthesis of porous copper (P‐Cu) microspheres with a moderate coordination number of 7.7, which is beneficial for the selective electroreduction of CO2 into multicarbon (C2+) chemicals is reported. P‐Cu delivers a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 78 ± 1% at a potential of −1.1 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, which is 32% higher than that of the compact Cu counterpart and approaches the record (79%) reported in the same cell configuration. In addition, P‐Cu shows good stability without performance loss throughout a continuous operation of 10 h.
Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Shen Zheyu , Fan Wenpei , Yang Zhen , Liu Yijing , Bregadze Vladimir I. , Mandal Swadhin K. , Yung Bryant C. , Lin Lisen , Liu Ting , Tang Wei , Shan Lingling , Liu Yuan , Zhu Shoujun , Wang Sheng , Yang Weijing , Bryant L. Henry , Nguyen Duong T. , Wu Aiguo , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non‐specificity, and low r1) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet‐chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES‐GON‐PAA) with an excellent water dispersibility and a size smaller than 2.0 nm, which is a powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases due to its remarkable relaxivities (r1 = 70.2 ± 1.8 mM−1 s−1, and r2/r1 = 1.02 ± 0.03, at 1.5 T). The r1 is much higher and the r2/r1 is lower than that of the commercial Gd chelates and reported gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONs). Further ES‐GON‐PAA is developed with conjugation of RGD2 (RGD dimer) (i.e., ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors that overexpress RGD receptors (i.e., integrin αvβ3). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors reaches up to 372 ± 56% at 2 h post‐injection of ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd‐chelates (<80%). Due to the high biocompatibility and high tumor accumulation, ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2 with remarkable relaxivities is a promising and powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent.
Sexually dimorphic responses of rats to fluoxetine in the forced swimming test are unrelated to the function of the serotonin transporter in the brain
Authors: Domingues Karolina , Lima Fernanda Barbosa , Linder Aurea Elizabeth , Melleu Fernando Falkenburger , Poli Anicleto , Spezia Inaê , Suman Patrick Remus , Theindl Laís Cristina , Lino de Oliveira Cilene 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the prevalence of depression in women, female rats may be a better models for antidepressant research than males. In male rats, fluoxetine inhibited the serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) transporter (SERT) which is reducing the immobility time in the repeated forced swimming test (rFST). The performance of female rats in this test is unknown. In this study, responses of male and female rats in the rFST under chronic treatment with fluoxetine and the function of SERT in their brains were examined. Wistar rats received oral fluoxetine (females: 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg kg‐1 day‐1; males: 0 or 2.5 mg kg‐1 day‐1; in sucrose 10%, 1.5 ml/rat) 1 hr before the test daily for 12 days over the course of the rFST. rFST consisted of a 15 min pretest followed by 5 min sessions of swimming at 1 (test), 7 (retest 1), and 14 (retest 2) days later. SERT functioning was assessed by ex vivo assays of the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Fluoxetine reduced immobility time of males in the rFST while it failed to do so in females. In vitro treatment with fluoxetine inhibited the uptake of 5‐HT of both sexes similarly, while in vivo chronic administration of fluoxetine failed to do so. In summary, rats responded to the chronic treatment with fluoxetine in a sexually dimorphic fashion during the rFST despite the functioning of SERT in their brains remaining equally unchanged. Hence, our data suggest that sexually dimorphic responses to fluoxetine in rFST may be unrelated to the function of SERT in rat brains.
From prescription to guidance: a European framework for generic competencies
Authors: van der Aa Jessica E. , Aabakke Anna J. M. , Ristorp Andersen Betina , Settnes Annette , Hornnes Peter , Teunissen Pim W. , Goverde Angelique J. , Scheele Fedde 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In postgraduate medical education, required competencies are described in detail in existing competency frameworks. This study proposes an alternative strategy for competency-based medical education design, which is supported by change management theories. We demonstrate the value of allowing room for re-invention and creative adaptation of innovations. This new strategy was explored for the development of a new generic competency framework for a harmonised European curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The generic competency framework was developed through action research. Data were collected by four European stakeholder groups (patients, nurses, midwives and hospital boards), using a variety of methods. Subsequently, the data were analysed further in consensus discussions with European specialists and trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. These discussions ensured that the framework provides guidance, is specialty-specific, and that implementation in all European countries could be feasible. The presented generic competency framework identifies four domains: ‘Patient-centred care’, ‘Teamwork’, ‘System-based practice’ and ‘Personal and professional development’. For each of these four domains, guiding competencies were defined. The new generic competency framework is supported by European specialists and trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, as well as by their European stakeholders. According to change management theories, it seems vital to allow room for re-invention and creative adaptation of the competency framework by medical professionals. Therefore, the generic competency framework offers guidance rather than prescription. The presented strategy for competency framework development offers leads for implementation of competency-based medical education as well as for development of innovations in postgraduate medical education in general.
Single or multiple spawning? Comparison of breeding strategies of freshwater Unionidae mussels under stochastic environmental conditions
Authors: Ćmiel Adam M. , Zając Tadeusz , Zając Katarzyna , Lipińska Anna M. , Najberek Kamil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe life cycle of unionids is characterized by a obligatory period of larval parasitism on a fish host, any disturbance of which might cause a large-scale decline in the mussel population. Because the probability of fish infestation is so important, we modelled what would happen to a population (in terms of population growth and probability of extinction), if the same number of glochidia were released in one or more separate spawning events, by a hypothetical mussel population living in conditions differing in the probability of fish infestation (a “neutral” scenario, a “good” one and three variants of a “bad” one). The single brood strategy was the best in the “good” scenario. However, when the frequency of unfavourable stochastic events increased (“bad” scenarios), all strategies led to population decline, the single brood strategy being the worst. In “good” and moderately “bad” conditions the double brood strategy performed better than the other multiple brood strategies, but as infestation conditions deteriorated, a greater number of spawning events ensured a slower population decline and longer persistence. Our model can facilitate a better understanding of this problem and set up a framework for further tests in other unionid species and their environmental conditions.
Plasma reforming of toluene as a model tar compound from biomass gasification: effect of CO2 and steam
Authors: Liu Shiyun , Mei Danhua , Wang Yaolin , Ma Yichen , Tu Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, plasma reforming of toluene as a tar model compound from biomass gasification has been carried out using an AC gliding arc discharge reactor. The influence of steam and CO2 addition on the reforming of toluene has been evaluated. The results show that the highest toluene conversion (59.9%) was achieved when adding 3 vol% CO2 at a toluene concentration of 16.1 g/Nm3 and a specific energy input of 0.25 kWh/m3. Further increasing CO2 concentration to 12 vol% decreased the conversion of toluene. The presence of steam in the plasma CO2 reforming of toluene creates oxidative OH radicals which contribute to the enhanced conversion of toluene and energy efficiency of the plasma reforming process through stepwise oxidation of toluene and reaction intermediates. Hydrogen and C2H2 were identified as the major gas products in the plasma reforming of toluene without CO2 or steam, with a yield of 9.7% and 14.5%, respectively, while syngas was the primary products with a maximum yield of 58.3% (27.5% for H2 and 30.8% for CO) in the plasma reforming with the addition of 12 vol% CO2. The plausible reaction pathways and mechanism in the plasma reforming of toluene have been proposed through the combination of the analysis of gas and condensed products and spectroscopic diagnostics.
C3
: Consensus Cancer Driver Gene Caller
Authors: Zhu Chen-Yu , Zhou Chi , Chen Yun-Qin , Shen Ai-Zong , Guo Zong-Ming , Yang Zhao-Yi , Ye Xiang-Yun , Qu Shen , Wei Jia , Liu Qi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has allowed identification of millions of somatic mutations in human cancer cells. A key challenge in interpreting cancer genomes is to distinguish drivers of cancer development among available genetic mutations. To address this issue, we present the first web-based application, consensus cancer driver gene caller (C3), to identify the consensus driver genes using six different complementary strategies, i.e., frequency-based, machine learning-based, functional bias-based, clustering-based, statistics model-based, and network-based strategies. This application allows users to specify customized operations when calling driver genes, and provides solid statistical evaluations and interpretable visualizations on the integration results. C3 is implemented in Python and is freely available for public use at http://drivergene.rwebox.com/c3.
Towards Probabilistic Multivariate ENSO Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hoell Andrew , Perlwitz Judith , Eischeid Jon , Murray Donald , Hoerling Martin , Hamill Thomas M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA probabilistic approach to describing El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), based on consideration of the signal‐to‐noise ratio for the coupled ocean‐atmosphere ENSO state, is presented. The ENSO signal is estimated using an ensemble of historical atmospheric model simulations forced by observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice during 1980–2016. The noise is estimated from departures of individual model realizations from their ensemble average when subjected to identical forcing. It is found that this atmospheric noise effect is substantial and yields considerable uncertainty in detecting the true coupled ENSO mode. This uncertainty exceeds analysis errors by an order of magnitude. Greater atmospheric noise is found to prevail during El Niño than La Niña, suggesting that the intensity of the monitored ENSO state during El Niño is prone to greater misattribution. Our results demonstrate that a deterministic state estimate of ENSO conditions may not be representative of the true real‐time coupled ENSO mode.