bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immersive spatial narratives as a framework for augmenting creativity in foresight-based learning systems
Authors: Woodgate Derek 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The ability to project oneself into a future landscape is a critical aspect for studying and practicing the science of foresight and foresight-based learning systems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how we can construct immersive spatial narratives through multimedia-enhanced learning approaches, to increase deeper learner immersion and levels of creativity to transport the learner into a simulated 2030 landscape by reducing the distance between the projected reality and the Self.

Design/methodology/approach
The author designed a foresight-based course on the Future of Mobile Learning underpinned by a new learning system that embraced the concept of immersive spatial narratives, combining physical, virtual and cognitive learning spaces, which enable students to explore complex, undiscovered or unstructured knowledge. Practicing was carried out on 35 students who had completed the course during the preceding three years through a questionnaire and interviews to establish increased levels of creativity in a simulated future landscape.

Findings
The paper established that the addition of multimedia learning environments and tools to foresight-based learning creates immersive spatial narratives that increase creativity and learner ability to project him/herself into a simulated future landscape. In all, 75 per cent of the respondents stated that having to think about the future and place themselves in a practicing landscape increased their creative skills.

Originality/value
A new, foresight-based learning system driven by the concept of immersive spatial narratives, enhanced with student-created multimedia learning tools. The system demonstrated how this approach helps to increase learner creativity and the ability to transition from their Present Self to their Future Self.
Antecedents of stakeholder management in public private partnership projects in Uganda
Authors: Mwesigwa Rogers , Bagire Vincent , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Munene John C. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess stakeholder management antecedents in public private partnership (PPP) projects in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is cross sectional and quantitative in nature. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire survey from a sample of 94 PPP projects in Uganda. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting projects for this study. Smart PLS–SEM was used for analysis.

Findings
Results from the study show that the key antecedents of stakeholder management include; communication, engagement, commitment and trust. Communication was found to be the strongest antecedent of stakeholder management. Results also show that trust and commitment are insignificantly associated with stakeholder management in PPP projects.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is limited to the antecedents of stakeholder management in PPP projects in Uganda. Further studies should be conducted in the public and private sectors where there are also multiple stakeholders.

Practical implications
The paper has documented the antecedents of stakeholder management in PPP projects in Uganda. The results will help project managers and policy makers appreciate the different antecedents of stakeholder management and how they are important in managing interests and expectations of different stakeholders.

Originality/value
This research focused on the key antecedents of stakeholder management in PPP projects within the Ugandan context.
Which trees die during drought? The key role of insect host‐tree selection
Authors: Stephenson Nathan L. , Das Adrian J. , Ampersee Nicholas J. , Bulaon Beverly M. , Yee Julie L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

During drought, the tree subpopulations (such as size or vigour classes) that suffer disproportionate mortality can be conceptually arrayed along a continuum defined by the actions of biotic agents, particularly insects. At one extreme, stress dominates: insects are absent or simply kill the most physiologically stressed trees. At the opposite extreme, host selection dominates: outbreaking insects kill trees independently of their stress, instead selecting trees based on size or other traits. Intermediate responses are also possible. Yet for mixed‐species forests, we lack a broad understanding of the relative importance of insects in determining exactly which subpopulations of trees suffer disproportionate mortality during drought, and whether these subpopulations differ among co‐occurring tree species.

During an extreme drought, we documented the roles of native bark beetles in the mortality of five tree species in California’s Sierra Nevada. We analysed the patterns and agents of tree mortality in 12 permanent plots and the patterns of mortality in 89 temporary plots.

Most tree mortality was associated with bark beetles. However, the growth rates (an indicator of chronic stress) and sizes of trees that suffered greatest bark beetle‐related mortality differed sharply among tree taxa, variously conforming with domination by stress (Abies concolor), domination by host selection (Pinus lambertiana and P. ponderosa) or a mix of the two (Calocedrus decurrens). Quercus kelloggii mortality remained relatively low. Thus, even during extreme drought substantial proportions of stressed trees survived because they were of sizes that mostly avoided fatal insect attack. Conversely, substantial proportions of comparatively unstressed trees died because they were of sizes that were selectively killed by outbreaking insects.

Synthesis. Native bark beetles were primarily responsible for determining which subpopulations of trees suffered greatest mortality during drought. However, idiosyncratic host‐tree selection by the different bark beetle taxa meant that the tree subpopulations suffering greatest mortality differed strikingly among tree taxa—for example, high mortality of small trees of one species, but of large trees of another. If idiosyncratic host‐tree selection by biotic mortality agents proves to be a generally common phenomenon, it could help explain weak broadscale correlations between tree traits and tree mortality during drought.
The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species
Authors: Liese Rebecca , Leuschner Christoph , Meier Ina C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFine roots play a key role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, since fine root life span drives soil organic C input and, thus, nitrogen (N) availability. The two main fungal symbioses found in temperate forest trees, ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), induce different root morphological changes upon infection, but the consequences for root life span are not clear.We explored differences in fine root life span between four AM and four ECM tree species using mini‐rhizotrons in a factorial drought experiment in large mesocosms.Median root life span of young AM and ECM trees differed fundamentally in its response to soil moisture and season of root birth; ECM root life span was reduced from 176 to 81 days in dry soil compared to moist soil, independent of season. By contrast, AM root life span was less responsive to drought, but decreased from 185 to 127 days when comparing roots produced early in the growing season versus mid‐season. In both mycorrhizal types, root life span was positively related to root diameter and negatively to the portion of lower order roots.Synthesis. While our results indicate morphological and architectural traits that predict root life span across tree species, they also indicate fundamental differences in the environmental response of root life span in young AM and ECM trees. This knowledge helps to improve global predictions of root life span.
The endophyte Serendipita indica reduces the sodium content of Arabidopsis plants exposed to salt stress: fungal ENA ATPases are expressed and regulated at high pH and during plant co‐cultivation in salinity
Authors: Lanza Mónica , Haro Rosario , Conchillo Lorena B. , Benito Begoña 
Published: April 2019

SummarySerendipita indica (formerly Piriformospora indica) is an endophytic fungus that colonizes plant roots producing a beneficial effect on plant growth and development under optimal and suboptimal conditions provoked by any biotic or abiotic stress, such as salt stress. Salinity induces osmotic and ionic imbalances in plants, mainly by altering the Na+ and K+ contents. However, the mechanism by which Serendipita improves plant growth has yet to be elucidated. Previous works suggest that this fungus improves the plant osmotic state but not much is known about whether it participates in readjustment of the ionic imbalance in plants. Here, we report that co‐cultivation with Serendipita reduces the Na+ content of Arabidopsis plants under saline conditions. Additionally, we describe the functional characterization of the two Serendipita ENA ATPases, which are homologous to the main proteins involved in the salt tolerance of other fungi. Their heterologous expression in salt‐sensitive yeast mutants shows that SiENA1 is involved in Na+ and K+ efflux, while SiENA5 seems to only be involved in Na+ detoxification. Both are induced and might have a relevant function at alkaline pH, condition in which there are few chlamydospores in the mycelium, as well as during co‐cultivation with plants exposed to saline conditions.
Uncertainty and the Governance of Street Vending: A Critical Comparison Across the North/South Divide
Authors: Tucker Jennifer Lee , Devlin Ryan Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThrough a critical comparison of the spatial management of street vending in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay and New York City, USA, we show how uncertainty enables the management of vending and urban space. By uncertainty, we mean a condition characterized by legal complexity and negotiable enforcement of laws and regulations. Putting New York and Ciudad del Este in dialogue, we demonstrate that these negotiated legalities are not limited to Southern urbanisms, nor are they remnants of unmodern social forms. We find similarities in how vendors experience and negotiate uncertainty, even as divergent mechanisms link uncertainty and inequality. By claiming streets as sites of work, vendors challenge dominant notions of global urbanism which conceive of sidewalks as sites of circulation, rather than livelihood. Especially in Ciudad del Este, vendors know the biases of law, and ground their claims to livelihood in ethics rather than legal compliance. Yet vendors’ claims can also reinscribe hierarchical relationships with frontline enforcers and reinforce exclusionary notions of rights based in productive citizenship. Understanding how uncertainty works as a logic of governing helps expose these unavoidable tensions and therefore to imagine and construct pathways toward more just urban economies.
Red Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Extract Rich in Anthocyanins: Chemical Stability, Antioxidant Activity, and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro
Authors: Migliorini Aline Alves , Piroski Camila Sztoltz , Daniel Taiana Gomes , Cruz Thiago Mendanha , Escher Graziela Bragueto , Vieira do Carmo Mariana Araújo , Azevedo Luciana , Marques Mariza Boscacci , Granato Daniel , Rosso Neiva Deliberali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRed chicory leaves are appreciated sensorially and their constituents contain bioactive properties. The objectives of this study were as follows: to use an experimental design to extract anthocyanins from red chicory in aqueous solution at pH 2.5; to determine the stability of the extracts in relation to temperature and pH; and to evaluate the antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxic effect of the lyophilized and purified extracts. The best extraction conditions for the bioactive compounds from red chicory were a temperature of 64.2 °C for 25 min; the anthocyanin content was 73.53 ± 0.13 mg per 100 g fresh weight basis sample. The EC50 (Half maximal effective concentration) value for the antioxidant activity assay in relation to DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) with optimized extract was 0.363, which corresponds to a concentration of 39.171 µmol/L of anthocyanins. The activation energy for the degradation reaction of the anthocyanins from the red chicory extract was 84.88 kJ/mol. The optimized extract, which was rich in anthocyanins, showed chemical and biological antioxidant activity (protection against erythrocyte hemolysis) and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro. The Cichorium intybus L. extracts interfered on the levels of reactive oxygen species generation and the crude extract did not present procarcinogenic effect.Practical ApplicationRed chicory is basically consumed as a part of traditional dishes worldwide. Here, we developed a process to extract and purify the anthocyanins from Cichorium intybus leaves and test the extracts in terms of the chemical composition, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative effects. The anthocyanin‐rich extract presented antioxidant activity in chemical and biological assays and low cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects in relation to HepG2, HCT8, and Caco‐2 cell lines. Additionally, the red chicory extract protected human erythrocytes against hemolysis. This extract may be used as a natural colorant/antioxidant in foods.
Effectiveness of regional medical schools in attracting and retaining students for early‐career practice in the local area: The James Cook University experience
Authors: Woolley Torres , Ray Robin Adelle 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe regionally based James Cook University medical school in northern Australia has focused its selection processes and curriculum on recruiting, training and graduating doctors to address local workforce needs. This study investigates if James Cook University's regionally based medical school model promotes graduates undertaking internship in local regional hospitals.Design, setting & participantsCross‐sectional survey of final year James Cook University Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery graduates towards the end of the 2016 and 2017 academic years (n = 207; response rate = 58%).Main outcome measureMultivariate (binary outcomes) logistic regression analysis identified the personal and curriculum factors predicting students' choice to do their internship in northern Australia supported by content analysis of free text responses to expand on quantitative associations.ResultsStudents applied to medicine at James Cook University because there was: “an undergraduate program” (62%); “reputation for a good course/quality graduates” (59%); and “interest in rural medicine or Indigenous health” (39%). Internship in northern Australian hospitals was predicted by: “familiarity with the hospital in Years 5 and 6”; “having a northern Australia hometown at time of application to medical school”; “an interest in rural medicine or Indigenous health”; and “interns have better learning experiences in regional teaching hospitals”.ConclusionThe findings suggest regionally based medical schools can promote early‐career rural practice by incorporating purposive selection, a rurally focused curriculum supported by quality clinical training experiences in local hospitals and a sufficient number of locally available intern places. However, it is likely regionally based medical schools also require locally available specialty training pathways to support rural practice in the longer term.
Disaster preparedness among households in the Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan: A baseline evaluation study
Authors: Augustine Johny , Kokkammadathil Vivek C. , Manikoth Rajeev M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a critical analysis of the level of disaster preparedness among households in the Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. Based on an analysis of baseline data collected as part of a project aimed at strengthening the disaster response in this province, this paper emphasizes the complexities of disaster preparedness among Afghan households, including a critical gap in knowledge, a lack of resources, and limitations in existing community responses to disasters. The findings reveal that less economic security, less knowledge of emergencies and emergency plans, being a female head of household, and having prior disaster experience tended to predict lower levels of preparedness among households. Disaster‐preparedness interventions targeted at improving the knowledge of hazards and hazard plans, as well as enhancing the livelihood and income security of affected households, could minimize the negative impact of disasters. Because most households relied on social networks and indigenous preparedness measures, future research should examine the nature of such measures and their effectiveness in mitigating the impact of disasters on this population.
Long‐term androgen deprivation, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer: updated results from a phase III randomised trial
Authors: Sargos Paul , Mottet Nicolas , Bellera Carine , Richaud Pierre 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo report the long‐term oncological outcomes of a randomised trial comparing androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and ADT alone in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsIn this multicentre phase III trial, patients were randomly assigned to ADT alone or ADT+EBRT. Leuprorelin 11.25 mg was administered for 3 years. The whole pelvis was treated at a dose of 46 Gy and the prostate with a boost from 20 to 28 Gy. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), locoregional PFS (LRPFS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS), biochemical PFS (BPFS), and tolerance.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 7.3 years, 263 patients were included. The 8‐year PFS rate was significantly higher in the ADT+EBRT arm than in the ADT arm (48% vs 7%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.39; P < 0.001); in patients with a baseline PSA level ≥50 ng/mL (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.05–0.20; P < 0.001) and in patients with a baseline PSA level <50 ng/mL (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19–0.40; P < 0.001). The risk of death from prostate cancer was significantly reduced in the ADT+EBRT arm (sub‐HR [SHR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.25–0.91; P = 0.02). The 8‐year OS rate was 57% in the ADT arm and 65% in the ADT+EBRT arm (no significant difference). LRPFS was significantly in favour of the ADT+EBRT arm (SHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.89; P = 0.01). MFS was comparable between both arms (P = 0.88). Analysis of toxicities revealed acute lower tolerance in the ADT+EBRT arm, with a gradual decrease in intensity from 6 months after the end of EBRT.ConclusionsThese long‐term results confirm the oncological benefit of combining EBRT with ADT in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer.
The short‐term effects of tolterodine on nocturnal incontinence after ileal orthotopic neobladder: a randomised crossover placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Zahran Mohamed H. , Harraz Ahmed M. , Taha Diaa Eldin , Nabeeh Hossam , El Hefnawy Ahmed S. , Ali‐El‐Dein Bedeir 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of tolterodine in the treatment of nocturnal urinary incontinence (NUI) after ileal orthotopic neobladder (ONB).Patients and methodsThis is a prospective randomised placebo‐controlled crossover study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02877901). Patients with NUI after ONB were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group T received 4 mg extended‐release tolterodine at bed‐time and Group P received placebo for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of washout, then crossed over to the alternate therapy for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed by the number of pads used per night (PPN) and with the Arabic version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) at both phases of the study. The outcomes were the rate of NUI improvement and medication adverse events.ResultsOut of 172 patients, 150 and 122 patients were evaluated at both phases of the study. The mean ICIQ‐SF scores and PPN were significantly decreased in Group T compared to Group P in both study phases (P < 0.001). In Group T, 15 (10%) and 11 (9%) patients became dry after the first allocation and crossover, respectively. In Group T, 60 (77.9%) patients reported improvement vs four (5.5%) in Group P (P < 0.001) after the first allocation. Similarly, 46 (73%) and seven (11.9%) patients showed improvement in groups T and P after the crossover, respectively (P < 0.001). Dry mouth occurred in 31 (20.8%) patients.ConclusionsTolterodine seems to be a good choice for treatment of NUI after radical cystectomy and ONB. However, further studies are needed to delineate the long‐term effects and the associated urodynamic characteristics.
Bradykinin increases BP in endotoxemic rat: functional and biochemical evidence of angiotensin II AT1/bradykinin B2 receptor heterodimerization
Authors: Anton Elaine Leocádia , Fernandes Daniel , Assreuy Jamil , da Silva‐Santos José Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeBradykinin may induce vasoconstriction in selected vessels or under specific experimental conditions. We hypothesized that inflammatory stimuli, such as endotoxin challenge, may induce the dimerization of AT1/B2 receptors, altering the vascular effects of bradykinin.Experimental ApproachWistar rats received LPS (1 mg·kg−1, i.p.) and were anaesthetized for assessment of BP. Mesenteric resistance arteries were used in organ baths and subjected to co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses.Key ResultsAt 24 and 48 hr after LPS, bradykinin‐induced hypotension was followed by a sustained increase in BP, which was not found in non‐endotoxemic animals. The B2 receptor antagonist Hoe‐140 fully blocked the responses to bradykinin. The pressor effect of bradykinin was not prevented by prazosin, an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, but it was inhibited by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan or the Rho‐kinase inhibitor Y‐27632. Endotoxemic rats also displayed enhanced pressor responses to angiotensin II, which were blocked by Hoe‐140. Co‐immunoprecipitation isolated using anti‐B2 or anti‐AT1 receptor antibodies showed that resistance arteries presented augmented levels of the AT1/B2 receptor complexes at 24 hr after LPS injection. The presence of AT1/B2 receptor heterodimers did correlate with the development of losartan‐sensitive contractile responses to bradykinin and potentiation of angiotensin II‐induced contraction, which was prevented by Hoe‐140.Conclusions and ImplicationsEndotoxin challenge is a stimulus for AT1/B2 receptor heterodimerization in native vessels and shifts the B2 receptor‐dependent vascular effect of bradykinin to a more complex pathway, which also depends on AT1 receptors and their intracellular signalling pathways.