bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Food Products for Sensory‐Compromised Situations
Authors: Abdel‐Moemin Aly R. , Regenstein Joe M. , Abdel‐Rahman Manal K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis review provides possible guidelines for the food science community to design special foods to meet the needs of consumers with sensory‐ compromised situations (SCS). Smell and taste losses create challenging clinical situations with few proven therapeutic options. Recent experimental results with people who have SCS suggest that offering special foods as a novel therapy may be an effective intervention for people with smell and taste dysfunctions of multiple etiologies. Therefore, a food with an aroma and taste appealing to the SCS patient would encourage eating it while creating new business opportunities for food companies. This article reviews food characteristics that can be considered when designing special foods for SCS consumers, such as colors, flavors, textures, packaging, labeling, and nutrients.
Structural Control on the Salmas Geothermal Region, Northwest Iran, from Fractal Analysis and Paleostress Data
Authors: BEHYARI Mahdi , NOURALIEE Javad , EBRAHIMI Davar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Salmas geothermal field is located in NW Iran. Subduction of Neo‐Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Iranian microcontinent caused to propagation of the magmatic‐Arc. Fractures and faults in the convergent zone have created path‐ways for the circulation of geothermal fluid. Fracture concentration in the Salmas geothermal field has been characterized using of the fractal method and creation of a fracture density map that shows the highest concentration in the central part of the study area. The permeability of fractures has been evaluated by analyzing their orientation in respect to the paleostress axes. Also, the fractal analyzing result indicates the maximum fractal dimension (1.96) is around the thermal spring outlet. Paleostress analyzing revealed that in the central part of the study area, σ1 axes orientation is S90°W/10° and the σ2 dip is near to the vertical in this stress field, where strike slip faults can be propagated. In the SE part near the recharge of the thermal springs, the σ3 plunge increases to 70° and σ1 orientation is N15°E/20°, in this local tectonic regime thrust fault developed. Fractures have an important role in the circulation of fluid and the fractal dimension increases near the thermal springs in the Salmas geothermal field. Regarding the paleostress data fracture with N‐S direction such as the F1 fault zone (parallel to the σ1 axes), a suitable pathway for deep circulation of geothermal fluid flow has been created.
Deep Structural Framework and Genetic Analysis of Gold Concentration Areas in the Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A New Understanding based on High‐Resolution Reflective Seismic Survey
Authors: YU Xuefeng , SHAN Wei , XIONG Yuxin , GENG Ke , SUN Yuqin , CHI Naijie , GUO Baokui , LI Dapeng , LI Hongkui , SONG Yingxin , YANG Deping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe gold concentration areas in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula constituted an important gold metallogenetic region in Eastern China during the Mesozoic. The deep geological bodies' texture characteristic is important for exploring the resources thoroughly and understanding the metallogenic process. The detailed textures were revealed using high‐resolution seismic profiles through the three major ore‐controlling structures‐Sanshandao fault zone, Jiaojia fault zone and Zhaoping fault zone. This study aims to establish a deep structural framework of this area. Based on their formation mechanism, the fault structures developed in the area can be divided into regional and local fault structures. The structural styles are characterised by superimposing their compressional, strike‐slip and extensional multi‐stage activities. The crust is cut by vertical structures corresponding to a left‐lateral strike‐slip fault system on the surface. Nearby these structures are the arc‐shape structures formed by multi‐stage magma intrusions into the upper crust. Bounded by the Tancheng–Lujiang and Muping–Jimo fault zones, the current Jiaodong block, developed a series of NE‐trending strike‐slip fault systems, was probably formed by the assemblage of several obliquely aligned blocks. The intensive magmatism and hydrothermal activity between the blocks induced large‐scale mineralisation. It provides a new angle of view for understanding the cratonic destruction and large ore‐concentration formed during the Mesozoic.
Evolution of Tectonic Uplift, Hydrocarbon Migration, and Uranium Mineralization in the NW Junggar Basin: An Apatite Fission‐Track Thermochronology Study
Authors: QIN Mingkuan , HUANG Shaohua , HE Zhongbo , XU Qiang , SONG Jiye , LIU Zhangyue , GUO Qiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic movement largely controls the northwest region of the Junggar Basin (NWJB), which is a significant area for the exploration of petroleum and sandstone‐type uranium deposits in China. This work collected six samples from this sedimentary basin and surrounding mountains to conduct apatite fission track (AFT) dating, and utilized the dating results for thermochronological modeling to reconstruct the uplift history of the NWJB and its response to hydrocarbon migration and uranium mineralization. The results indicate that a single continuous uplift event has occurred since the Early Cretaceous, showing spatiotemporal variation in the uplift and exhumation patterns throughout the NWJB. Uplift and exhumation initiated in the northwest and then proceeded to the southeast, suggesting that the fault system induced a post spread‐thrust nappe into the basin during the Late Yanshanian. Modeling results indicate that the NWJB mountains have undergone three distinct stages of rapid cooling: Early Cretaceous (ca. 140–115 Ma), Late Cretaceous (ca. 80–60 Ma), and Miocene–present (since ca. 20 Ma). These three stages regionally correspond to the Lhasa‐Eurasian collision during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (ca. 140–125 Ma), the Lhasa‐Gandise collision during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 80–70 Ma), and a remote response to the India‐Asian collision since ca. 55 Ma, respectively. These tectonic events also resulted in several regional unconformities between the J3/K1, K2/E, and E/N, and three large‐scale hydrocarbon injection events in the Piedmont Thrust Belt (PTB). Particularly, the hydrocarbon charge event during the Early Cretaceous resulted in the initial inundation and protection of paleo‐uranium ore bodies that were formed during the Middle–Late Jurassic. The uplift and denudation of the PTB was extremely slow from 40 Ma onward due to a slight influence from the Himalayan orogeny. However, the uplift of the PTB was faster after the Miocene, which led to re‐uplift and exposure at the surface during the Quaternary, resulting in its oxidation and the formation of small uranium ore bodies.
The hippo pathway effector Yes‐associated protein promotes epithelial proliferation and remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Deng Huiyi , Sun Yueqi , Wang Weihao , Li Meijiao , Yuan Tian , Kong Weifeng , Huang Xuekun , Long Zijie , Chen Zhuanggui , Wang Deyun , Yang Qintai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHippo‐Yes‐associated protein (YAP) pathway plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and development. However, its possible role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unknown. We aim to investigate it on nasal epithelial proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP.MethodsThe expressions of hippo pathway components as well as Ki‐67 and E‐cadherin in the sinonasal mucosa and nasal epithelial cells were analyzed in 14 controls, 14 eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 14 noneosinophilic CRSwNP. Nasal epithelial cells from 6 controls, 6 eosinophilic CRSwNP, and 6 noneosinophilic CRSwNP were cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Poly(I:C), or a selective YAP inhibitor verteporfin (VP).ResultsThe hippo pathway components MST1, LATS1/2, YAP, and TEAD1 were increased in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, particularly in nasal epithelial cells, along with upregulation of Ki‐67 and downregulation of E‐cadherin. The mRNA levels of YAP positively correlated with the Ki‐67 mRNA levels, and negatively associated with the E‐cadherin mRNA levels in polyp tissues and epithelial cells from nasal polyps (NPECs). LPS and Poly(I:C) upregulated the YAP expression in nasal epithelial cells accompanied by increased TEAD1 and Ki‐67 expression. Conversely, YAP inhibition by VP decreased TEAD1 and Ki‐67 expression in NPECs.ConclusionsHippo pathway components are abnormally upregulated in NPECs, and its effector YAP promotes nasal epithelial cells proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP. It provides a rationale to explore inhibition of YAP as a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing the epithelial proliferation and remodeling in CRSwNP.
Keeping your cool – a simple reusable neck cooler in orthopaedic surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wertheimer Adam , Kirzner Nathan , Olaussen Alexander , Abetz Jeremy , Martin Catherine , Jones Chris 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundInfection in orthopaedic surgery can be catastrophic. Increased perspiration from theatre staff has been associated with higher rates of wound contamination. Wearing lead safety gowns, which is often done during surgery to allow the use of image intensifier, may result in heavy perspiration. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of wearing a neck cooling device during surgery and whether it reduced surgeons’ subjective discomfort and perspiration levels during orthopaedic procedures requiring the use of lead gowns.MethodsA pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. Surgeons were randomized to either wearing the neck cooling device (intervention) or not wearing the device (control). Procedure duration, theatre temperature, humidity and perceived technical difficulty of operation were recorded. After the procedure, surgeons completed a questionnaire documenting how the temperature and humidity had a negative effect on their comfort and perceived level of perspiration. Multilevel mixed effects linear regression with random effects, adjusting for potential confounders was performed. Alfred Ethics Committee approved the study and the trial was registered (ACTRN12618000976280).ResultsA total of 29 cases (44.6%) were randomized to the intervention group and 36 to the control group. Adjusting for operating room temperature and perceived difficulty of surgery, the neck cooler reduced surgeons’ level of discomfort by 1.9 points (95% CI 1.1–2.8, P < 0.001), as well improved on their self‐reported perspiration by approximately 1.9 points (95% CI 1.0–2.8, P = 0.04).ConclusionsWearing a neck cooling device during surgery is feasible, reduces perceived levels of perspiration and decreases the negative impact of temperature and humidity on surgeons’ comfort levels.
The influence of resilience and coping strategies on suicidal ideation among Chinese undergraduate freshmen in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Vanessa H. M. , Chan Chui Yi , Au Ricky K. C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between resilience and suicidal ideation, with coping strategies regarded as a mediator.MethodsA total of 422 Hong Kong undergraduate students were recruited with convenience sampling.ResultsSimple linear regression was used to verify the negative relationship between resilience and suicidal ideation (P < 0.001). The results revealed that two out of four tested mediation models were accepted, with the coping strategies of approach and reappraisal acting as mediators (P < 0.001); the other two models were rejected when the coping strategies of emotional regulation and avoidance were the mediators. Regression analysis was performed to explore the effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation in terms of the reappraisal coping strategy and the approach coping strategy, and the results indicated that the reappraisal coping strategy had greater effects than the approach coping strategy.DiscussionOverall, the results of this study confirmed previous findings in the literature that resilience can alleviate the degree of suicidal ideation. Additionally, these results suggest further implications that adopting the approach and reappraisal coping strategies might make significant contributions to reducing the number of suicidal cases in society.
Decreased blood cell counts were not observed in cattle living in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” of the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Sato Itaru , Sasaki Jun , Satoh Hiroshi , Deguchi Yoshitaka , Chida Hiroyuki , Natsuhori Masahiro , Otani Kumiko , Okada Keiji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhite blood cells, especially lymphocytes, are susceptible to radiation exposure. In the present study, red blood cell, total white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts were repeatedly measured in cattle living on three farms located in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” of the Fukushima nuclear accident, and compared with two control groups from unaffected areas. Blood cell counts differed significantly between the two control groups, although almost all the values fell within the normal range. The blood cell counts of the cattle in the “difficult‐to‐return zone” varied across sampling times even on the same farms, being sometimes higher or lower than either of the two control groups. However, neither a statistically significant decrease in blood cell counts nor an increase in the rate of cattle with extremely low blood cell counts was observed overall. The estimated cumulative exposure dose for the cattle on the most contaminated farm was within a range of 500–1000 mSv, exceeding the threshold for the lymphopenia. Because of the low dose rate on these farms, potential radiation damages would have been repaired and have not accumulated enough to cause deterministic effects.
Semiparametric Bayesian Latent Variable Regression for Skewed Multivariate Data
Authors: Bhingare Apurva , Sinha Debajyoti , Pati Debdeep , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Lipsitz Stuart R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For many real-life studies with skewed multivariate responses, the level of skewness and association structure assumptions are essential for evaluating the covariate effects on the response and its predictive distribution. We present a novel semiparametric multivariate model and associated Bayesian analysis for multivariate skewed responses. Similar to multivariate Gaussian densities, this multivariate model is closed under marginalization, allows a wide class of multivariate associations, and has meaningful physical interpretations of skewness levels and covariate effects on the marginal density. Other desirable properties of our model include the Markov Chain Monte Carlo computation through available statistical software, and the assurance of consistent Bayesian estimates of the parameters and the nonparametric error density under a set of plausible prior assumptions. We illustrate the practical advantages of our methods over existing alternatives via simulation studies and the analysis of a clinical study on periodontal disease.
Bagging and Deep Learning in Optimal Individualized Treatment Rules
Authors: Mi Xinlei , Zou Fei , Zhu Ruoqing 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An ENsemble Deep Learning Optimal Treatment (EndLot) approach is proposed for personalized medicine problems. The statistical framework of the proposed method is based on the outcome weighted learning (OWL) framework which transforms the optimal decision rule problem into a weighted classification problem. We further employ an ensemble of deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn the optimal decision rule. Utilizing the flexibility of DNNs and the stability of bootstrap aggregation, the proposed method achieves a considerable improvement over existing methods. An R package “ITRlearn” is developed to implement the proposed method. Numerical performance is demonstrated via simulation studies and a real data analysis of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia data.
Valence‐related impairments in the retrieval of specific autobiographical memories amongst patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Barry Tom J. , Del Rey Francisco , Ricarte Jorge J. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesPeople with schizophrenia have difficulty recalling specific autobiographical events from their past. However, the nature of this difficulty (e.g., whether these problems are only for memories that are negative or positive) and the mechanisms associated with it remain poorly understood.MethodsThe present investigation asked patients with schizophrenia (n = 91) and healthy controls (n = 109) to recall memories related to several positive and negative cue words. Participants also completed self‐report measures of rumination and depressive symptoms and a measure of verbal fluency to assess executive functioning. Participants' memories were coded for specificity (whether or not they referred to a specific event lasting <24 hr) and valence (positive vs. negative).ResultsPatients recalled fewer specific memories than controls and they showed particular difficulty recalling specific negative memories cued by negative words. For healthy controls, impoverished verbal fluency was associated with recall of fewer specific memories and particularly recall of fewer positive specific memories. These variables were unrelated to specificity amongst patients. Rumination was not associated with specificity in either group.ConclusionsThese findings are discussed with reference to other mechanisms that might contribute towards reduced specificity in schizophrenia, such as the tendency to avoid negative affect, and the implications of this for interventions for schizophrenia and memory specificity problems.Practitioner points

The experience of schizophrenia is associated with problems recalling specific events from one's past.

In particular, patients have difficulty recalling specific negative memories from their past.

These memory problems are independent of executive functioning difficulties, ruminative tendencies, and also depression symptoms.

Interventions for memory problems in schizophrenia must target the difficulty people have in recalling specific negative events.
Design, synthesis, molecular modelling, and in vitro evaluation of tricyclic coumarins against Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Coelho Gleicekelly Silva , Andrade Josimara Souza , Xavier Viviane Flores , Sales Junior Policarpo Ademar , Rodrigues de Araujo Barbara Caroline , Fonseca Kátia da Silva , Caetano Melissa Soares , Murta Silvane Maria Fonseca , Vieira Paula Melo , Carneiro Claudia Martins , Taylor Jason Guy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChagas disease is caused by infection with the parasite protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects about 8 million people in 21 countries in Latin America. The main form of treatment of this disease is still based on the use of two drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which both present low cure rates in the chronic phase and often have serious side‐effects. Herein, we describe the synthesis of tricyclic coumarins that were obtained via NHC organocatalysis and evaluation of their trypanocidal activity. Molecular docking studies against trypanosomal enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were carried out, as well as a theoretical study of the physicochemical parameters. The tricyclic coumarins were tested in vitro against the intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the 18 compounds tested, 10 were more active than the reference drug benznidazole. The trypanocidal activity of the lead compound was rationalized by molecular docking study which suggested the strong interaction with the enzyme TIM by T. cruzi and therefore indicating a possible mode of action. Furthermore, the selectivity index of eight tricyclic coumarins with high anti‐T. cruzi activity was above 50 and thus showing that these lead compounds are viable candidates for further in vivo assays.
Epidemiology of ocular trauma in the Indigenous vs non‐Indigenous population in the Top End
Authors: Kennedy Morgan S. , Robinson James , Whist Eline , McCallum Gabrielle B. , Mahendrarajah Tharmalingam 
Published: October 2018

ImportanceEpidemiological data on visually significant ocular trauma in the Top End of the Northern Territory.BackgroundOur main objective is to determine whether Indigenous patients are disproportionately affected by visually significant ocular trauma as compared to non‐Indigenous patients.DesignThis was a retrospective audit at the Royal Darwin Hospital in the Top End of the Northern Territory during January 2013 to June 2015.ParticipantsA total of 104 ocular trauma patients were included; 43 were Indigenous and 61 were non‐Indigenous.MethodsMedical records of patients with ocular trauma between January 2013 and June 2015 (except simple, non‐penetrating corneal foreign bodies and abrasions) were reviewed. Vision loss was defined by visual acuity: mild ≥6/18, moderate 6/18‐6/60, severe ≤6/60 following World Health Organization standards.Main Outcome MeasuresThe study included the incidence of ocular trauma patients by ethnicity (Indigenous vs non‐Indigenous). Our secondary outcome included vision loss, mechanism of injury, open vs closed injury, age, remoteness and alcohol involvement.ResultsA total of 104 patient charts were reviewed; 43 (41%) were Indigenous and 61 (59%) were non‐Indigenous. Alleged assault was the greatest contributor to ocular trauma in both groups (74% in Indigenous vs 39% non‐Indigenous). Severe vision loss was more prevalent in the Indigenous vs non‐Indigenous patients (30% vs 16%).Conclusions and RelevanceIndigenous patients were disproportionately affected by visually significant ocular trauma compared to non‐Indigenous patients. This research provides important data on ocular trauma in the Northern Territory. Further prevention strategies are needed to reduce vision loss in this population.
A multicentre, UK, retrospective, observational study to assess the effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 units/ml in treating people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in routine clinical practice (SPARTA)
Authors: Pang T. , Bain S. C. , Black R. Neil A. , Boyle J. G. , Elliott J. , Holcombe A. , Lee K. C. S. , Mulligan C. , Saunders L. , Yousseif A. , Baxter M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo conduct an open‐label study to provide UK real‐world evidence regarding the use of insulin glargine 300 units/ml (U300) in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsPeople with Type 1 diabetes who had been prescribed U300 ≥6 months before data collection and had HbA1c levels recorded within 3 months prior to U300 (baseline) were included. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to month 6 after U300 initiation. Other endpoints included number of documented hypoglycaemic and diabetic ketoacidosis episodes, and change in daily basal insulin dose.ResultsA total of 298 people with Type 1 diabetes were included [mean age 42.1 years, mean HbA1c 79 mmol/mol (9.4%)]. After U300 initiation, the mean reduction in HbA1c from baseline to month 6 was –4 mmol/mol (–0.4%; P<0.001; n=188). The total daily basal insulin dose at 6 months was 1.3 units higher than at the time of U300 initiation (P<0.001; n=275) but was not significantly different from the prior basal insulin dose. There was no clinically significant difference in weight between baseline and month 6 [mean difference +0.7 kg, 95% CI –0.1, 1.5; P=0.084; n=115). During the 6 months before and after U300 initiation, severe hypoglycaemic episodes were documented for 6/298 and 4/298 participants. Diabetic ketoacidosis episodes requiring Accident and Emergency department visits or hospitalization were documented for 4/298 and 6/298 participants, before and after U300 initiation, respectively.ConclusionsIn people with Type 1 diabetes, a change in basal insulin to U300 was associated with clinically and statistically significant HbA1c improvements, without significant changes in basal insulin dose and weight. Documented severe hypoglycaemia episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis requiring Accident and Emergency department visits or hospitalization were low and similar before and after U300 initiation.