bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of odorant series for extra virgin olive oil aroma characterisation
Authors: Genovese Alessandro , Caporaso Nicola , Leone Terigi , Paduano Antonello , Mena Carmen , Perez‐Jimenez Maria A , Sacchi Raffaele 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtra virgin olive oil (EVOO) volatile composition is mainly used as a means of characterisation and authentication, especially for protected denomination of origin (PDO) products. This work investigated the volatile compounds from 25 EVOOs from four Spanish (Cornicabra, Manzanilla Castellana, Picual and Manzanilla Cacereña) and four Italian (Ortice, Ravece, Nocellara del Belice and Itrana) cultivars in terms of odour activity value (OAV). Forty‐seven volatile compounds were analysed by solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC/MS). OAVs of volatile compounds with similar descriptors were grouped in order to establish eight odorant series: fruity, grass, apple, tomato, floral, woody‐spicy, fatty and mushroom.RESULTSNo differences in sensory descriptors were observed among the EVOOs analysed by official VOO sensory analysis. The method of odorant series applied herein was demonstrated to successfully characterise EVOO odour as expected from a sensory panel but using only instrumental analysis of volatile compounds, and giving additional reliable quantitative information. The results can be presented as a ‘barcode’, providing a visual and effective graphical representation allowing an easy and rapid description of EVOO sensory attributes using instrumental data.CONCLUSIONThe odorant series have the potential to better differentiate the aroma of food products, opening new possibilities allowing a schematic and effective visual representation to be used for EVOO quality control and consumer information, especially in new olive oil consuming countries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
An integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods
Authors: Capuano Edoardo , Pellegrini Nicoletta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe true bioavailability of a nutrient being intrinsically coupled to the specific food matrix in which it occurs remains poorly considered in nutrition science. During digestion, the food matrix and, in particular, the structure of food modulate the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption. In this perspective, we describe an integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. Based on this integrated look, cell wall integrity and the particle size of the plant material during its transit in the small intestine determine the bioavailability of plant nutrients; in turn, cell wall integrity and particle size are determined by the level of oral processing and, accordingly, what subsequently escapes digestion in the upper intestine and is utilized by colon microbiota. Ultimately, the effect on nutrient digestion is linked to food structure through each step of digestion. A consideration of the structure rather than just the composition of foods opens up possibilities for the design of healthier foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Parity‐Time‐Symmetric Optical Lattice with Alternating Gain and Loss Atomic Configurations
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyang , Yang Liu , Feng Jingliang , Sheng Jiteng , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Yanpeng , Xiao Min 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the periodic parity‐time (PT)‐symmetric potential can possess unique properties compared to a single PT cell (with only two coupled components), various schemes have been proposed to realize PT symmetry in optical lattices. Here, a PT‐symmetric optical lattice is experimentally constructed with simultaneous gain and loss in an atomic medium. The gain and loss arrays are created in the four‐level N‐type configurations excited by spatially alternating strong and weak pump fields, respectively, which do not require discrete diffractions and can be realized more easily with more relaxed operating conditions. Also, the gain and loss coefficients can be modified independently. The dynamical behaviors of the system are investigated by measuring the phase difference between two adjacent gain and loss channels. The demonstrated PT‐symmetric lattice with easy accessibility and better tunability shows obvious advantages in exploiting more peculiar properties and great improvements in practical applications of periodic PT‐symmetric potentials.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Children: A 20‐Year Review of Presenting Symptoms, Clinical Progression, and Transplant Outcome
Authors: Warner Suz , McKiernan Patrick J. , Hartley Jane , Ong Evelyn , van Mourik Indra D. , Gupte Girish , Abdel‐Hady Mona , Muiesan Paolo , Perera Thamera , Mirza Darius , Sharif Khalid , Kelly Deirdre A. , Beath Susan V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in stable patients with cirrhosis can easily be overlooked. We report on the presenting symptoms, disease progression, and outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) in children with HPS. Twenty patients were diagnosed with HPS between 1996 and 2016. The etiologies were as follows: biliary atresia (n = 9); alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency (n = 2); cryptogenic liver disease (n = 3); and others (n = 6). HPS presentations were as follows; dyspnea (n = 17) and pneumonia (n = 3). For diagnostic confirmation, the following techniques were used: technetium‐99m‐labeled macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan (n = 13) or contrast echocardiogram (n = 7). There were 16 patients listed for LT, with a median age at HPS diagnosis of 10 years and an average wait from listing to LT of 9 weeks. A marked rise in hemoglobin (Hb; median, 125‐143.5 g/L) and modest decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2; median 91% to 88% room air) were evident over this time. Patients’ need for assisted ventilation (1 day), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay (3 days), and total hospital stay (20 days) were similar to our general LT recipients—the key difference in the postoperative period was the duration of supplementary O2 requirement. Hb of ≥130 g/L on the day of LT correlated with a longer PICU stay (P value = 0.02), duration of supplementary O2 (P value = 0.005), and the need for the latter beyond 7 days after LT (P value = 0.01). Fifteen patients had resolution of their HPS after LT. The 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year survival rates were unchanged at 87.5%. None had a recurrence of HPS. In conclusion, HPS is a life‐threatening complication of cirrhosis which usually develops insidiously. This combined with the often‐stable nature of the liver disease leads to delays in diagnosis and listing for LT. Progressive polycythemia extends the need for supplementary O2 and PICU stay. We advocate screening for HPS with a combination of SpO2 and Hb monitoring to facilitate earlier recognition, timely LT, and shortened recovery periods.
What research is needed to validate new urodynamic methods? ICI‐RS2017
Authors: Harding Christopher , Rosier Peter F.W.M. , Drake Marcus J. , Valentini Francoise , Nelson Pierre P. , Goping Ing , Gammie Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AimsIn recent years urodynamic innovations, although well researched, have failed to follow a standardized development pathway specifically in terms of clinical trials undertaken to demonstrate efficacy. This was discussed at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) in Bristol, United Kingdom, 2017 with the aim of defining minimum standards for future urodynamic research.MethodsThe recent recommendations from the IDEAL (innovation, development, exploration, assessment, and long‐term study) collaboration regarding surgical research were reviewed. Two examples of recent novel urodynamic technologies, the penile cuff test and air charged urodynamic catheters were used as case studies and the research programmes behind their development were critiqued.ResultsThe rigorous and standardized model of surgical research proposed by the IDEAL collaboration was endorsed as an appropriate model for future urodynamic research. A methodical approach to research can fulfil a host of objectives including illustration of the clinical need, help with design and refinement of technique and proving efficacy for any new test or device. The penile cuff test is a novel urodynamic measurement technique that has been well researched and is now used in clinical practice. Further research is needed before air charged catheters can be recommended for widespread clinical use and the IDEAL framework provides a template for ongoing development.ConclusionsIn the future, these recommendations should lead to a more standardized and uniform programme of urodynamic research and enable a thorough evaluation of new technologies prior to wider clinical uptake.
Comparison of quantitative real‐time PCR and short‐term (18‐hour) microculture in diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection: Impact of hyperimmunoglobulin treatment
Authors: Penka Lukas , Kagan Karl‐Oliver , Goelz Rangmar , Hamprecht Klaus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic value of human cytomegalovirus detection (HCMV) DNA levels from amniotic fluid (AF) for the outcome of the infected newborn is still a matter of debate, especially if the onset of maternal primary infection at amniocentesis is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the analytical performance in short‐term (18‐hour) microculture from preconcentrated samples and quantitative real‐time PCR (rtPCR) for diagnosis of fetal HCMV infection.MethodsA retrospective diagnostic study was conducted on 51 AF samples taken from women that transmitted HCMV prenatally. Amniocentesis was performed around 22‐week gestation. The samples were tested for HCMV viral load via quantitative rtPCR and additionally with quantitative short‐term (18‐hour) microculture following preconcentration via a 50 000 g centrifugation step prior to inoculation to fibroblast monolayers.ResultsBoth methods show correlating results (ρ = 0.903). In 25 samples, the women received intravenous hyperimmunoglobulin prior to amniocentesis resulting in a lower correlation of both quantitative methods (ρ = 0.445), in reduced median copy numbers of HCMV DNA (P = .037) and reduced viral infectivity in short‐term microculture (P = .025).ConclusionBoth methods lead to correlating results using AF samples from HIG‐naïve women. Human cytomegalovirus viral load and infectivity in cell culture are reduced in samples following maternal hyperimmunoglobulin treatment.
Theoretical investigation on facial and stereoselectivity in Diels‐Alder cycloadditions of maleic anhydride to dissymmetric cage‐annulated cyclohexa‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Atalay Abdurrahman , Abbasoglu Rza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe facial and stereoselectivity of the polar Diels‐Alder (P‐DA) reaction of dissymmetric cage‐annulated cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene,10,12,13,14‐tetrachloro‐11,11‐dimethoxy‐hexacyclo [7.5.1.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]pentadeca‐2,4‐diene‐7,15‐dione with maleic anhydride, has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. Within possible 4 reaction pathways of this P‐DA reaction explored, the anti/endo reactive channel is found to be favored both kinetically and thermodynamically according to calculated results, in compatible with experimental findings. The analysis of DFT‐based global and local reactivity indices of reagents at the ground state enables us to correctly explain the polar nature of these DA reactions' pathways. The presence of steric interactions appeared at exo approaches and nonclassical hydrogen bond interactions seen at endo ones has significant effect on both facial and stereoselectivity of the corresponding DA reaction.
The experience of persistent pain and quality of life among women following treatment for breast cancer: An attachment perspective
Authors: Smith Michelle D. , Meredith Pamela J. , Chua Siong Yin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate associations between attachment and the presence of persistent pain in women following treatment for breast cancer and to investigate the relationship between attachment, pain, and quality of life (QOL) in women with persistent pain.MethodsWomen (N = 335) previously diagnosed with primary non‐metastatic breast cancer completed an online survey with measures of attachment, pain, QOL, demographics, and medical history. Variables were compared between women with (N = 128) and without (N = 207) persistent pain. For those reporting pain, regression analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between attachment, pain, and QOL.ResultsHigher attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, was related to the presence of persistent pain. Among women with persistent pain, associations between attachment anxiety and avoidance and greater pain intensity were lost when pain catastrophizing was considered in analysis. Significant associations between attachment and diminished QOL and perceived effectiveness of pain management were identified in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThese findings extend the available literature regarding associations between pain and attachment insecurity. In women with pain after breast cancer treatment, attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with negative pain and QOL outcomes. Further attention regarding the use of attachment‐informed approaches in supporting women following breast cancer treatment is indicated.
Concise Review: A Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Unproven Stem Cell-Based Interventions
Authors: Bauer Gerhard , Elsallab Magdi , Abou-El-Enein Mohamed 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The promise of stem cell (SC) therapies to restore functions of damaged tissues and organs brings enormous hope to patients, their families, loved ones, and caregivers. However, limits may exist for which indications SC therapies might be useful, efficacious, and safe. Applications of innovative therapies within regulatory boundaries and within the framework of controlled clinical trials are the norm in the scientific and medical community; such a system minimizes patient risk by setting a clear and acceptable safety and efficacy profile for new therapeutics before marketing authorization. This careful clinical validation approach often takes time, which patients suffering from terminal or debilitating diseases do not have. Not validated, unproven stem cell interventions (SCI) that promise a working treatment or cure for severe diseases have therefore found their way into the patient community, and providers of such treatments often take advantage of the public's willingness to pay large amounts of money for the misguided hope of a reliable recovery from their illnesses. We conducted a review of scientific publications, clinical case reports, and mass media publications to assess the reported cases and safety incidents associated with unproven SCI. The review also analyzes the main factors that were identified as contributing to the emergence and global rise of the “stem cell tourism” phenomenon.
Effect of 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation on the structure and surface morphology of ZnO/NiO heterojunction
Authors: Das Pankaj Kumar , Biswal Rajib , Choudhary Ram Janay , Sathe Vasant , Ganesan Vedachalaiyer , Khan Saif Ahmad , Mishra Naresh Chandra , Mallick Pravanjan 
Published: August 2018

ZnO/NiO thin films, each of thickness 100 nm, were deposited on Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition method. The resulting heterojunction, ZnO/NiO/Si, was irradiated by 120 MeV Au9+ ions and characterized by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The GIXRD confirmed the presence of both NiO and ZnO in the samples. Ion irradiation induced suppression of crystalline nature, and the recrystallization of the same occurred at the fluence of 1 × 1013 ions cm−2. The occurrence of most intense band at 302 cm−1 in Raman spectra corresponds to the symmetric stretching vibration of ZnO. The linear shift of stretching mode of ZnO with ion fluence could be associated with the effect of compressive stress in the material. AFM analysis of the films indicated that the rms roughness increased when the film is irradiated at a fluence of 1 × 1012 ions cm−2. Beyond this fluence, the value of roughness decreased up to fluence of 1 × 1013 ions cm−2 and increased thereafter. To see the effect of the stress of buffer layer on the surface layer, we calculated the stress for NiO layer with ion fluence form the lattice parameter. Comparing the stress of buffer layer with roughness of surface layer at the given fluence, we can say that the compressive stress in the buffer layer could possibly control the roughness of the surface layer.
Bombardment‐induced light emission of clean and oxygen‐covered Al, Cu, and Cux Al1‐x targets
Authors: Ait El Fqih Mohammed , Afkir Ahmad , El Boujlaidi Abdelaziz , Jadoual Lamia , Jourdani Raja , Kaddouri Abdelilah 
Published: August 2018

Light emission during 5 keV Kr+ ion bombardment of Cu, Al, and CuAl alloys with different concentration is studied. The transient effect phenomenon has been investigated under two pressure conditions: one at base pressure (approximately 10−7 Pa) and the other with introduction of oxygen gas (approximately 10−4 Pa). The experimental oxygen sputtering yield was compared with simulation using the SRIM‐code program. Both of them were in fairly good agreement.
Gender Bias in Parental Attitude: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Begum Lutfunnahar , Grossman Philip J. , Islam Asadul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParental bias toward children of a particular gender has been widely observed in many societies. Such bias could be due to pure gender preference or differences in earning opportunities and concern for old-age support. We conduct a high-stakes allocation task (subjects allocate the equivalent of one day’s wages between male and female school-aged students) in rural Bangladesh to examine parental attitudes toward male and female children. Parents, either jointly or individually, allocated freely or restricted endowments for the benefit of anonymous girls or boys at a nearby school. We examine whether there is any systematic bias among fathers and mothers and, if so, whether such bias differs when they make the decision individually or jointly. The results suggest (1) bias both for and against boys or girls but no systematic bias by either parent; and (2) no significant differences in individual and joint decisions.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF MARRIAGEABLE MALES ON FEMALE FAMILY HEADSHIP
Authors: Craigie Terry-Ann , Myers Samuel L. , Darity William A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:Female family headship has strong implications for endemic poverty in the United States. Consequently, it is imperative to explore the chief factors that contribute to this problem. Departing from prior literature that places significant weight on welfare-incentive effects, our study highlights the role of male marriageability in explaining the prevalence of never-married female family headship for blacks and whites. Specifically, we examine racial differences in the effect of male marriageability on never-married female headship from 1980 to 2010. By exploiting data from IPUMS-USA (N= 4,958,722) and exogenous variation from state-level sentencing reforms, the study finds that the decline in the relative supply of marriageable males significantly increases the incidence of never-married female family headship for blacks but not for whites.
Meeting the Challenges of International Crises: The Experience of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization
Authors: Hosseini Divkolaye Nasim Sadat , Seighali Fariba , Pourfathollah Ali Akbar , Radfar Mitra , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCrises require a timely and well-prepared response by health services, especially those that are directly engaged with the lives of the patients such as blood services. The Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization as a single national authority of blood transfusion has left many crises behind. In this study, we examined the main international crises that the blood transfusion organization has faced during its 44-year history and objectively evaluated the methods for crisis risk reduction, both administrative and operational, all of which have led to fundamental advances in the organization. By proper planning and effective strategy setting, the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization has managed to cope with international threats and in some cases has turned threats into opportunities to implement new, permanent administrative and operational strategies. It is not prudent for blood transfusion centers to develop their disaster risk reduction strategies on an individual-country basis in a world where global risk and crisis factors are rapidly increasing. Reduction of risk for blood transfusion centers must become a strategic priority nationally and globally. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:410-413)
Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and prevention of hepatobiliary surgical site infections
Authors: Stack Conor M. , Gold Howard S. , Wright Sharon B. , Baldini Linda M. , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the microbiology of hepatobiliary surgical site infections (SSIs) and to explore the relationship between specific antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens and the development of SSIs.DesignRetrospective matched case-control study comparing patient, procedure, and antimicrobial prophylaxis characteristics among patients undergoing a hepatobiliary surgical procedure with and without an SSI.SettingA tertiary referral acute-care facility.MethodsPatients undergoing procedures defined as “BILI” (bile duct, liver, or pancreas surgery) using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions, excluding those undergoing concomitant liver transplantation, from January 2013 through June 2016 were included in the study population. The SSIs were identified through routine infection control surveillance using NHSN definitions. All patients who developed an SSI were considered cases. Controls were selected randomly matched 2:1 with cases based on fiscal quarter of the procedure. Logistic regression modeling was performed to explore variables associated with SSI, including antimicrobial prophylaxis received.ResultsAmong 975 procedures, 80 (8.2%) resulted in an SSI. Most cases involved an organism nonsusceptible to standard prophylaxis regimens, including cefazolin (68.8%), cefazolin plus metronidazole (61.3%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (52.5%). In a multivariate model, antimicrobial coverage against Enterococcus spp (aOR, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–2.04; P=.40) and against Pseudomonas spp (aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.56–10.29; P=.24) were not protective against the development of an SSI. The presence of a documented β-lactam allergy was significantly associated with the development of an SSI (aOR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.36–9.19; P=.009).ConclusionsAlthough SSIs at the study institution were associated with pathogens nonsusceptible to the most commonly used prophylaxis regimens, broader-spectrum coverage was not associated with a reduction in SSIs.
THE TREE PROPERTY AT AND
Authors: SINAPOVA DIMA , UNGER SPENCER 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that from large cardinals it is consistent to have the tree property simultaneously at${\aleph _{{\omega ^2} + 1}}$and${\aleph _{{\omega ^2} + 2}}$with${\aleph _{{\omega ^2}}}$strong limit.
AVOIDING EFFECTIVE PACKING DIMENSION 1 BELOW ARRAY NONCOMPUTABLE C.E. DEGREES
Authors: DOWNEY ROD , STEPHENSON JONATHAN 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent work of Conidis [3] shows that there is a Turing degree with nonzero effective packing dimension, but which does not contain any set of effective packing dimension 1.This article shows the existence of such a degree below every c.e. array noncomputable degree, and hence that they occur below precisely those of the c.e. degrees which are array noncomputable.