bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Grasping Task: A 12‐month predictor of 24‐month delay task performance and BRIEF‐P inhibition scores
Authors: Neale Dave , Basilio Marisol , Whitebread David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportant developments in executive function are thought to occur during the second year of life, but few tools exist to assess executive function in this period. We argue that, to be effective, tasks for this age range need to reduce the abstract nature of the task rules and reduce reliance on verbal instruction. We present the Grasping Task, which uses familiar objects presented in such a way as to communicate the rules of the task to infants with no need for verbal instruction or abstraction. A longitudinal validity study of infants from 12 to 24 months old showed the Grasping Task at 12 months predicted children's performance on delay tasks and scores on the inhibition scale of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for preschool children at 24 months but were unrelated to scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III at 18 months, suggesting the task captures an aspect of early inhibitory development that is distinct from general cognitive functioning.Highlights

We assessed the predictive validity of the grasping task, a new measure of emerging inhibitory skills in infancy.
Grasping task scores at 12 months predicted children's delay task scores and BRIEF‐P inhibition scores at 24 months.
The grasping task could be an important new tool in understanding the emergence and development of inhibitory control in infancy.
Chemical Waves in Embryonic Cell Cycles
Authors: Ferree Patrick L. , Di Talia Stefano 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn most metazoans, early embryonic development is characterized by a rapid series of cleavage divisions. At the core of the coordination of these divisions is the oscillatory dynamic of Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), which arises through the integration of a negative feedback with delay and positive feedback. The regulation of this oscillator in large embryos is emerging as an ideal model for quantitative studies of how spatiotemporal coordination is achieved in large complex tissues. Recent work has demonstrated that the reaction‐diffusion dynamics regulating the cell cycle can generate traveling waves of enzymatic activity, which ensure the synchronization of cell division processes. Here, we will review how the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation can give rise to chemical waves, and highlight recent experiments on the coordination of cell division through traveling waves.
Role of Carbamylated Biomolecules in Human Diseases
Authors: Badar Asim , Arif Zarina , Alam Khursheed 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbamylation (or carbamoylation) is a non‐enzymatic modification of biomolecules mediated by cyanate, a dissociation product of urea. Proteins are more sensitive to carbamylation. Two major sites of carbamylation reaction are: Nα‐amino moiety of a protein N‐terminus and the Nɛ‐amino moiety of proteins’ lysine residues. In kidney diseases, urea accumulates and the burden of carbamylation increases. This may lead to alteration in the structure and function of many important proteins relevant in maintenance of homeostasis. Carbamylated proteins namely, carbamylated‐haemoglobin and carbamylated‐low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been implicated in hypoxia and atherosclerosis, respectively. Furthermore, carbamylation of insulin, oxytocin, and erythropoietin have caused changes in the action of these hormones vis‐à‐vis the metabolic pathways they control. In this short review, authors have compiled the data on role of carbamylated proteins, enzymes, hormones, LDL, and so on, in human diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(4):267–275, 2018
Electrochemical and biological characterization HA/Al2O3‐YSZ nano‐composite coatings using electrophoretic process
Authors: Askari Nayereh , Yousefpour Mardali , Rajabi Masoud 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this research work, hydroxyapatite/alumina/YSZ bio nanocomposite coatings on titanium substrate were created by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and reaction bonding process. By using the EPD process, uniform green form coatings containing HA, yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and aluminum particles were produced on titanium. After oxidation of aluminum at 660°C and sintering at 850°C, a dense and adherent HA/Al2O3/YSZ coating was produced. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometric and mechanical tests were employed to investigate the morphologies, compositions, hardness, toughness and bonding strength of the coatings. The corrosion studies and cell culturing experiment were carried out and the results show that the HA/YSZ/Al2O3 coatings are more bioactive and more resistance to corrosion than HA coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1916–1922, 2018.
Low Dose of Bisphosphonate Enhances Sclerostin Antibody-Induced Trabecular Bone Mass Gains in Brtl/+ Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse Model
Authors: Olvera Diana , Stolzenfeld Rachel , Marini Joan C , Caird Michelle S , Kozloff Kenneth M 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by altered bone quality and imbalanced bone remodeling, leading to skeletal fractures that are most prominent during childhood. Treatments for OI have focused on restoring pediatric bone density and architecture to recover functional strength and consequently reduce fragility. Though antiresorptive agents like bisphosphonates (BPs) are currently the most common intervention for the treatment of OI, a number of studies have shown efficacy of sclerostin antibody (SclAb) in inducing gains in bone mass and reducing fragility in OI mouse models. In this study, the effects of the concurrent use of BP and SclAb were evaluated during bone growth in a mouse harboring an OI-causing Gly→Cys mutation on col1a1. A single dose of antiresorptive BP facilitated the anabolic action of SclAb by increasing availability of surfaces for new bone formation via retention of primary trabeculae that would otherwise be remodeled. Chronic effects of concurrent administration of BP and SclAb revealed that accumulating cycles conferred synergistic gains in trabecular mass and vertebral stiffness, suggesting a distinct advantage of both therapies combined. Cortical gains in mass and strength occurred through SclAb alone, independent of presence of BP. In conclusion, these preclinical results support the scientific hypothesis that minimal antiresorptive treatment can amplify the effects of SclAb during early stages of skeletal growth to further improve bone structure and rigidity, a beneficial outcome for children with OI. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Marxist therapist treats a Trump‐supporting client: A tale of politics and psychotherapy
Authors: Yourman David B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen there are politically polarizing events taking place in the world, can it be useful for a therapist to disclose his or her political views within the context of a psychotherapeutic dyad? This paper examines this question through the example of a Marxist therapist working with a politically conservative patient in the polarized political atmosphere following Donald Trump's election to the Presidency of the United States. Also explored are the patient's dynamics that might have made it particularly salient for the therapist to eschew a more neutral stance. The theoretical and technical bases for this disclosure are examined via the Affect Theory of Silvan S. Tomkins as well as the Person‐Centered Therapy of Carl Rogers. The family history of the patient is examined to further understand the context in which the political/therapeutic interactions take place.
Impulsivity as a mediator in the relationship between problem solving and suicidal ideation
Authors: Gonzalez Vivian M. , Neander Lucía L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether three facets of impulsivity previously shown to be associated with suicidal ideation and attempts (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance) help to account for the established association between problem solving deficits and suicidal ideation.MethodEmerging adult college student drinkers with a history of at least passive suicidal ideation (N = 387) completed measures of problem solving, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation. A path analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of impulsivity variables in the association between problem solving (rational problem solving, positive and negative problem orientation, and avoidance style) and suicidal ideation.ResultsDirect and indirect associations through impulsivity, particularly negative urgency, were found between problem solving and severity of suicidal ideation.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at teaching problem solving skills, as well as self‐efficacy and optimism for solving life problems, may help to reduce impulsivity and suicidal ideation.
Developmental trajectories of competency attainment amongst clinical psychology trainees across field placements
Authors: Deane Frank P. , Gonsalvez Craig , Joyce Caroline , Britt Eileen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis research aimed to describe the developmental trajectories of clinical psychology trainees across competency domains over multiple placements.MethodCompetency reviews of 252 trainees were completed at mid‐placement and end‐placement for up to four consecutive placements by 143 field supervisors. Competency was measured across multiple domains using the Clinical Psychology Practicum Competencies Rating Scale.ResultsThere was an overall ascending stepped pattern occurring across all competency domains from early to late placements. The starting point of competency ratings varied across domains with the largest discrepancy between Response to supervision (highest) and Intervention competencies (lowest). There were significant increases from mid‐placement to end‐placement for all competencies within each of the four placements. There were few significant decreases in competency between different placements and these were largely restricted to the transition from placement one to placement two.ConclusionsThis research has the potential to be used as a benchmark to indicate expected levels of competency attainment for trainees across their training, allowing for early identification of difficulties and more targeted remediation plans.
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Delafloxacin in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Hoover Randall , Alcorn Harry , Lawrence Laura , Paulson Susan K. , Quintas Megan , Cammarata Sue K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis was an open‐label, parallel‐group, crossover study that examined the pharmacokinetics and safety of delafloxacin, an anionic fluoroquinolone, after a single intravenous infusion in subjects with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD; creatinine clearance <15 mL/min) undergoing hemodialysis compared with healthy subjects. Subjects received 300 mg delafloxacin containing sulfobutylether‐β‐cyclodextrin in 2 periods separated by ≥14‐day washouts. Blood and urine samples were collected, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. The mean total exposure (area under the curve) of delafloxacin was about 2.1 and 2.6 higher for subjects with ESRD compared to healthy subjects when dosed 1 hour before or 1 hour after hemodialysis, respectively. Compared to subjects with normal renal function, the maximum exposure to delafloxacin was 13% and 33% higher for ESRD subjects given delafloxacin 1 hour before and 1 hour after hemodialysis, respectively. The mean clearance was 13.7 L/h for healthy subjects and was lower for subjects with ESRD when given before (7.39 L/h) or after (5.69 L/h) hemodialysis. The clearance of delafloxacin in dialysate was 4.74 L/h with about 19.2% of the delafloxacin dose recovered after a 4‐hour dialysis session. Delafloxacin was well tolerated in both healthy and ESRD subjects, with diarrhea being the most reported treatment‐emergent adverse event.
Prenatal development and histochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal mucins in sheep fetuses
Authors: Özbek Mehmet , Ergün Emel , Beyaz Feyzullah , Ergün Levent , Y?ld?r?m Nuh , Özgenç Özge , Erhan Füsun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe object of this study was to describe the prenatal development and histochemical properties of mucins in the sheep gastrointestinal tract. To determine changes in the mucin profile, the sections were stained with specific histochemical stains for carbohydrates. While neutral and mixed mucins were observed in the superficial epithelial cells of the abomasal pyloric region, acidic mucins were detected in the secretory ducts and corpus of the glands. Acidic mucins consisted predominantly of sialomucins. In the duodenal villi, the number of goblet cells containing neutral mucins increased toward the end of gestation, whereas Brunner's glands contained acidic mucins until the 95th day of gestation and both acidic and neutral mucins thereafter. The jejunal goblet cells contained either acidic, neutral, or mixed mucins. Goblet cells containing acidic mucins, which were mainly localized to the ileal crypts and villi, mostly contained sulfated mucins. While villi were observed in the proximal colon until the 115th day of gestation, later the typical crypt structure emerged. During the period in which the villi were found in the proximal colon, the goblet cells containing sulphomucins were predominant, whereas the goblet cells containing sialomucins were predominant after the typical crypt structure was formed. In conclusion, gastrointestinal mucins may be involved in the formation of meconium during the prenatal period, and acidic mucins may contribute to the strength of the intestinal barrier against pathogens and digestive enzymes, as the barrier is not fully functional after birth.
Prenatal cranial bone development of Thomas's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi): with special reference to petrosal morphology
Authors: Nojiri Taro , Werneburg Ingmar , Son Nguyen Truong , Tu Vuong Tan , Sasaki Takenori , Maekawa Yu , Koyabu Daisuke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCochlear morphology has been regarded as one of the key traits to understand the origin and evolution of echolocation in bats, given its functionality and performance for receiving echolocation sonar. While numerous researchers have compared adult‐stage morphology, few have studied the prenatal development of the cochlea. Here, we provide the first detailed three‐dimensional description of the prenatal cranial development in bats, using Rhinolophus thomasi as a model, with particular interest to the petrosal which houses the cochlea. Results revealed that among all cranial bones the onset of the ossification of the petrosal is earlier in R. thomasi when compared to other reported mammals. Generally, the cochlea reaches adult size and shape before or around birth in placental mammals including bats, but we found that its shape and size growths continue until maturity in Rhinolophus species. The relationship of cochlear size and skull size is maintained constant throughout the postnatal ontogeny to adulthood in Rhinolophus, a pattern previously reported neither in any other bats nor other mammals. The peculiar developmental pattern in Rhinolophus possibly allows them to form their characteristically large cochlea and facilitate their distinctive echolocation behavior. A recent study reported that non‐echolocating Pteropodidae shares a similar prenatal cochlear size to laryngeal echolocating bats. The apparent resemblance of fetal cochlear size was proposed to be a vestigial signal of large cochlear size in the last common ancestor of bats and thus as supporting evidence for the single origin of laryngeal echolocation. However, results from the present observations suggest that limited aspects of the cochlear development were captured in this previous investigation and that the resulting interpretations may be questionable. We point out that diversity and patterns of cochlear development among bats are still not resolved, and the controversy on the origins of laryngeal echolocation is still open to discussion.
Scale diversity in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus): Fat‐filled trabecular scales made of cellular bone
Authors: Wainwright Dylan K. , Ingersoll Sam , Lauder George V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTunas of the genus Thunnus possess many morphological and physiological adaptations for their high‐performance epipelagic ecology. Although Thunnus anatomy has been studied, there are no quantitative studies on the structure of their scales. We investigated the scales of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) from ten regions of the body using micro computed tomography (µCT)‐scanning and histology to quantitatively and qualitatively compare regional scale morphology. We found a diversity of scale sizes and shapes across the body of bigeye tuna and discriminant function analysis on variables derived from µCT‐data showed that scales across the body differ quantitatively in shape and size. We also report the discovery of a novel scale type in corselet, tail, and cheek regions. These modified scales are ossified shells supported by internal trabeculae, filled with fat, and possessing an internal blood supply. Histological analysis showed that the outer lamellar layers of these thickened scales are composed of cellular bone, unexpected for a perciform fish in which bone is typically acellular. In the fairing region of the anterior body, these fat‐filled scales are stacked in layers up to five scales deep, forming a thickened bony casing. Cheek scales also possess a fat‐filled internal trabecular structure, while most posterior body scales are more plate‐like and similar to typical teleost scales. While the function of these novel fat‐filled scales is unknown, we explore several possible hypotheses for their function.
Impaired decision‐making and functional neuronal network activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Bei‐Bei , Ma Ye , Xie Lei , Huang Jin‐Zhuang , Sun Zong‐Bo , Hou Zhi‐Duo , Guo Rui‐Wei , Lin Zhi‐Rong , Duan Shou‐Xing , Zhao Shan‐Shan , Yao‐Xie  , Sun Dan‐Miao , Zhu Chun‐Min , Ma Shu‐Hua 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with cognitive deficit but the exact neural mechanisms remain unclear.PurposeTo explore sequential brain activities using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of a decision‐making task, and to determine whether serum or clinical markers can reflect the involvement of the brain in SLE.SubjectsSixteen female SLE patients without overt clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms and 16 healthy controls were included.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, T1‐weighted anatomic images, gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence, and 3D images.AssessmentThe computer‐based Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) for assessing decision‐making was performed by SLE patients and 16 matched controls; brain activity was recorded via blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI. The amplitudes of the average BOLD responses were calculated for each individual subject, and activation data from fMRI experiments were compared between the two groups.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐test; repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA); linear regression analyses.ResultsImaging revealed activity in a distributed network of brain regions in both groups, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the striatum, as well as the insular, parietal, and occipital cortices. Compared to controls, SLE patients showed lower activation in a convergence zone and the limbic system, namely, the OFC, vmPFC, ACC, and PCC, but greater activation in memory, emotion, and behavior systems involving the dlPFC, the insular cortex and the striatum. Furthermore, brain activation in the vmPFC was positively correlated with IGT scores (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), but inversely related to disease activity (r = −0.57, P < 0.01).Data ConclusionThe dynamics among the aforementioned neural systems (some hyperfunctioning, others hypofunctioning) may shed some light on the pathologic mechanisms underlying SLE without overt clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms. In addition, disease activity may potentially be used as an effective biomarker reflecting cerebral involvement in SLE.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1508–1517
Magnetic resonance elastography and T1 mapping for early diagnosis and classification of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Feng , Wang Xiaoqi , Liu Yanqing , Ji Ruoyun , Cang Lizhuo , Shi Yu 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundEarly detection and classification of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are both important and challenging.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic performance of MR elastography (MRE) and T1 mapping of the pancreas for different stages of CP.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsClinical and imaging records of 81 patients (from 5/2015 to 7/2017) with suspected CP were analyzed. Patients were categorized into the normal control (n = 35), mild CP (n = 30), and moderate/severe CP groups (n = 16) according to the Cambridge Classification based on concordant endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or ultrasound endoscopy findings.Field Strength/Sequence3T pancreatic MRI, which included MRE and T1 mapping.AssessmentT1 relaxation times, pancreatic stiffness values, the main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter, and pancreatic thickness were measured in all patients.Statistical Tests: Cutoff values of T1 relaxation times and pancreatic stiffness values for diagnosis of CP were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Associations of imaging parameters with different stages of CP were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsBoth T1 relaxation times (865 ± 220 msec vs. 1075 ± 221 msec vs. 1350 ± 139 msec) and pancreatic stiffness (1.21 ± 0.13 kPa vs. 1.50 ± 0.15 kPa vs. 1.90 ± 0.16 kPa) differed significantly (P < 0.001) among the control, mild CP, and moderate/severe CP groups. Pancreatic stiffness (>1.34 kPa) achieved significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) than T1 relaxation time (>908.4 msec) for detection of mild CP (AUC: 0.928 vs. 0.751, P = 0.011). Pancreatic stiffness values (>1.61 kPa) also achieved significantly higher AUC than T1 relaxation time (>1131.6 msec) (AUC: 0.981 vs. 0.910, P = 0.033) for diagnosing moderate/severe CP from the other two groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that T1 relaxation time and stiffness were the independent factors associated with mild CP (P = 0.025 and <0.001, respectively).Data ConclusionBoth MRE and T1 mapping are promising quantitative imaging methods for evaluation of CP; MRE slightly outperformed T1 mapping.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:837–845.