bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Functional Hepatocytes from Human Adipose-Derived MYC+ KLF4+ GMNN+ Stem Cells Analyzed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling
Authors: Li Hongling , Zhu Li , Chen Huimin , Li Tangping , Han Qin , Wang Shihua , Yao Xinglei , Feng Hongli , Fan Linyuan , Gao Shaorong , Boyd Richard , Cao Xu , Zhu Ping , Li Jing , Keating Armand , Su Xiaodong , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cell transplantation holds considerable promise for end-stage liver diseases but identifying a suitable, transplantable cell type has been problematic. Here, we describe a novel type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue. These cells are different from previously reported MSCs, they are in the euchromatin state with epigenetic multipotency, and express pluripotent markers MYC, KLF4, and GMNN. Most of the genes associated with germ layer specification are modified by H3K4me3 or co-modified by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. We named this new type of MSCs as adult multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (M-ADSCs). Using a four-step nonviral system, M-ADSCs can be efficiently Induced into hepatocyte like cells with expression of hepatocyte markers, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and the other basic functional properties including albumin (ALB) secretion, glycogen storage, detoxification, low-density lipoprotein intake, and lipids accumulation. In vivo both M-ADSCs-derived hepatoblasts and hepatocytes could form vascularized liver-like tissue, secrete ALB and express metabolic enzymes. Single-cell RNA-seq was used to investigate the important stages in this conversion. M-ADSCs could be converted to a functionally multipotent state during the preinduction stage without undergoing reprogramming process. Our findings provide important insights into mechanisms underlying cell development and conversion.
Examining civil society social capital relations against mining development for local sustainability: The case of Dullstroom, Mpumulanga, South Africa
Authors: Leonard Llewellyn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSouth Africa presents a unique case for mining development and impacts on sustainability because the lines between the mining industry and the state are unclear and due to the increasing inequality between citizens. This questions the potential for citizens to hold mining industries (and government) accountable for environmental abuse. This paper examines the ability of civil society actors to take action against (coal) mining development by way of social capital collective actions in the natural tourist destination in Dullstroom. Semistructured interviews were conducted with various social actors and are reported in this paper. The paper highlights that local responses to engage in social capital against mining development for local sustainability are best understood in relation to the socio‐economic and political positioning of individuals and ethnic groups. Overall, class and race differences, a tough farming environment, and perceptions and priorities of mining versus tourism jobs undermined capacity for social capital to act against mining risks. There is a need for social capital bridging and linking ties to protect the environment for tourism growth and long‐term human‐environment sustainability.
Domino Oxidative Cyclization for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Reddy Lonka Madhava , Reddy Vulupala Veerabadra , Putta Chandra Shekar , Satteyyanaidu Vallabhareddy , Reddy Chepyala Krishna , Subba Reddy Basi V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn oxidative cyclization of 1‐(2‐aminophenyl)pyrrole with styrenes has been developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives using I2/2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in DMSO as an effective oxidant. I2 is found to catalyze effectively the oxidative cyclization of phenylacetylene and ethyl benzoylacetate with 1‐(2‐aminophenyl)pyrrole even in the absence of IBX to generate pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives under metal‐free conditions.
Sequential Production of Xylose, Levulinic Acid and Activated Carbon from Pine Wood
Authors: Kang Shimin , Lai Wenkang , Yin Xiaodong , Peng Zhezhe , Tu Junling , Huang Si‐Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, a sequential production of bioenergy platform intermediates (i. e., xylose and levulinic acid (LA)) and carbon materials from pine wood was developed by a three‐step conversion technology. Firstly, the hemicellulose in pine wood was hydrolyzed, obtaining 12.8 wt% xylose and 68.9 wt% solid products containing cellulose and lignin. Secondly, the solid products were hydrolyzed, obtaining 30.6 wt% LA and 42.0 wt% solid residues containing humins and lignin. Thirdly, the solid residues were used for activated carbon (AC) production through potassium hydrate (KOH) activation followed by pyrolysis from 400–800 oC. An AC obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 oC had a high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of 2436 m2/g and pore volume of 0.91 cm3/g, which exhibited an excellent reactive brilliant red X‐3B (RBRX‐3B) adsorption capacity of 892 mg/g. As a case, 1000 g of pine wood finally produced 128 g xylose, 211 g LA and 39 g high‐performance activated carbon.
Controlled Air‐Etching Synthesis of Porous‐Carbon Nanotube Aerogels with Ultrafast Charging at 1000 A g−1
Authors: Zhao Wenqi , Zhang Hui , Liu Jie , Xu Lu , Wu Huaisheng , Zou Mingchu , Wang Qian , He Xiaodong , Li Yibin , Cao Anyuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors are energy storage systems capable of fast charging and discharging, thus generating superior power density. Porous carbon with high surface area and tunable pore size represents a promising candidate to construct ultrafast supercapacitors; so far, most porous carbon–based electrodes can only be charged to a moderate current density (100–200 A g−1), also with significant capacitance loss at increasing rate. Here, it is shown that a 3D aerogel consisting of interconnected 1D porous‐carbon nanotubes (PCNs) can serve as a freestanding supercapacitor electrode with excellent rate performance. As a result, the PCN aerogel electrodes achieve 1) ultrafast charging at current densities up to 1000 A g−1 (corresponding to a charge period of 16 ms), which is the highest value among other porous carbon–based supercapacitors, 2) superior cycling stability at high charging rates (88% capacitance retention after 105 cycles at 1000 A g−1). Mechanism study reveals favorable kinetics including a centralized pore size distribution at 0.8 nm which is a dominant factor to allow high‐rate charging, a low and linear IR drop, and a metallic feature of 1D PCNs by theoretical calculation. The results indicate that 1D PCNs with controlled porous structures have potential applications in ultrafast energy conversion and storage.
Applications of Dainshefsky's Dienes in the Asymmetric synthesis of Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Kal‐Koshvandi Afsaneh Taheri , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAsymmetric hetero‐Diels‐Alder (AHDA) reactions provide a multitude of opportunities for the highly efficient, regio‐ and stereoselective construction of various heterocycles in enantiomerically pure form. The asymmetric aza‐Diels‐Alder (A‐aza‐DA) reaction using diversely hetero‐dienophiles and hetero‐dienes have been increasingly developed as a valuable method for the synthesis of functionalized nitrogen ring systems. The purpose of this review is to give a detailed discussion of the A‐aza‐DA reaction particularly, the stereoselective reactions of imines as dienophiles with Dainshefsky dienes to obtain optically pure aza‐Diels‐Alder products. The development of stereoselective variants of the reaction make use of imines as the dienophile and Dainshefsky dienes is at the forefront of these studies. This review updates the A‐aza‐DA reactions covering the literature from 1972 till date
Premodified Surface Method to Obtain Ultra‐Highly Dispersed Metals and their 3D Structure Control on an Oxide Single‐Crystal Surface
Authors: Takakusagi Satoru , Iwasawa Yasuhiro , Asakura Kiyotaka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrecise control of the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of highly dispersed metal species such as metal complexes and clusters attached to an oxide surface has been important for the development of next‐generation high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts. However, this is not easily achieved for the following reasons. (1) Metal species are easily aggregated on an oxide surface, which makes it difficult to control their size and orientation definitely. (2) Determination of the 3D structure of the metal species on an oxide powder surface is hardly possible. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed the premodified surface method, where prior to metal deposition, the oxide surface is premodified with a functional organic molecule that can strongly coordinate to a metal atom. This method has successfully provided a single metal dispersion on an oxide single‐crystal surface with the 3D structure precisely determined by polarization‐dependent total reflection fluorescence X‐ray absorption fine structure (PTRF‐XAFS). Here we describe our recent results on ultra‐high dispersions of various metal atoms on TiO2(110) surfaces premodified with mercapto compounds, and show the possibility of fine tuning and orientation control of the surface metal 3D structures.
Market Participation and Economic Capital
Authors: Dalziel Paul , Saunders Caroline , Saunders Joe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe market economy supports human wellbeing. This chapter offers evidence for this observation, while recognising that markets need rules, customs and institutions to work well. A key market institution is the firm, which combines different types of capital to maintain specialist capabilities for supplying goods and services valued by their customers. This expands the potential for wellbeing, but a large number of jobs pay less than the real living wage, with a strong gender bias, which diminishes wellbeing. The chapter analyses economic capital, comprised of physical capital and financial capital. Growth in economic capital has increased material living standards for billions of people, but recent economic development is also associated with cumulative environmental damage, episodes of financial instability and greater concentration of wealth.
Local Government and Natural Capital
Authors: Dalziel Paul , Saunders Caroline , Saunders Joe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter marks a significant change in the book’s narrative, as the analysis moves from private citizens to the public sphere. Its starting point is that good government can develop distinctive capabilities to ensure that certain types of goods and services, especially those involving externalities and economic public goods, are provided for persons to use to enhance wellbeing. For some policies, particularly where local residents can improve outcomes by participating in policy design or implementation, local government can do this better than central government. In this context, the chapter explains Ostrom’s theory of co-production of local government services and applies it to regional economic development. The chapter also discusses natural capital. Since ecosystem services provided by the natural environment can be diminished by human activity, investment in natural capital is required to maintain wellbeing.
The Global Community and Diplomatic Capital
Authors: Dalziel Paul , Saunders Caroline , Saunders Joe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines how persons can collaborate for the common good of the global community through participation in international non-governmental organisations, multinational corporations and intergovernmental organisations. It also explains the collaboration of researchers globally to develop knowledge by following well-established norms and protocols to build an interconnected corpus of publications that offer evidence for falsifiable propositions. An example of researchers contributing to global efforts for wellbeing is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The chapter introduces the metaphor of diplomatic capital to represent institutions and norms designed to foster cross-cultural collaborations in order to strengthen capabilities of the global community to act together for the common good.
Review: Observation of Majorana Bound States at a Free Surface of $$^3\hbox {He-B}$$
Authors: Ikegami Hiroki , Kono Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe p-wave superfluid $$^3\hbox {He}$$

3

He

is a textbook example of topological superfluids. Among its multiple superfluid phases, the B phase ($$^3\hbox {He-B}$$

3

He-B

) is known as a topological state protected by time-reversal symmetry. One of the important topological features of $$^3\hbox {He-B}$$

3

He-B

is the formation of bound states at its surface. Notably, such surface Andreev bound states are predicted to be Majorana fermions, i.e., their antiparticles are identical to their particles. Because of the well-elucidated bulk properties of the superfluid $$^3\hbox {He}$$

3

He

owing to its cleanliness, $$^3\hbox {He-B}$$

3

He-B

provides an ideal platform to pursue Majorana fermions in condensed matter systems. In this article, we review recent investigations of surface Andreev bound states by the mobility of ions trapped below a free surface of $$^3\hbox {He-B}$$

3

He-B

. The free surface is an ideal surface providing a specular boundary condition; the surface Andreev bound states formed there are expected to be Majorana fermions with a well-defined energy spectrum. We show that the temperature and depth dependences of the experimentally obtained mobility of negative ions (Ikegami et al. in J Phys Soc Jpn 82:124607, 2013) are quantitatively reproduced by a theoretical study that includes scattering of the surface Andreev bound states (Tsutsumi in Phys Rev Lett 118:145301, 2017). This quantitative agreement unambiguously demonstrates the experimental detection of surface Andreev bound states. We also discuss the future prospects of the Majorana physics in $$^3\hbox {He-B}$$

3

He-B

.
Improved Baseline Correction Method Based on Polynomial Fitting for Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Haibing , Bai Jing , Xia Guo , Zhang Wenda , Ma Yan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Raman spectrum, as a kind of scattering spectrum, has been widely used in many fields because it can characterize the special properties of materials. However, Raman signal is so weak that the noise distorts the real signals seriously. Polynomial fitting has been proved to be the most convenient and simplest method for baseline correction. It is hard to choose the order of polynomial because it may be so high that Runge phenomenon appears or so low that inaccuracy fitting happens. This paper proposes an improved approach for baseline correction, namely the piecewise polynomial fitting (PPF). The spectral data are segmented, and then the proper orders are fitted, respectively. The iterative optimization method is used to eliminate discontinuities between piecewise points. The experimental results demonstrate that this approach improves the fitting accuracy.
The influence of group values and behavior on adolescent male perceptions of and use of homophobic language
Authors: Bailey Benjamin M. , Heath Melissa Allen , Jackson Aaron P. , Coyne Sarah M. , Williams Marleen S. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe pervasive and derogatory use of homophobic language is a threat to safe, respectful, and inclusive school environments. Group membership has been shown to influence how students use homophobic language. Previous qualitative studies have largely approached the use of this language from the theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity. In contrast, the current study actively challenged all assumptions about the use of this language.MethodThis study was conducted in a public high school located in a rural conservative Christian community in the Intermountain West (USA). Using hermeneutic qualitative methodology to assess individual perceptions of homophobic language, 20 randomly selected 12th‐grade male students (17–18 years of age) were individually interviewed.ResultsThree distinct groups emerged during our interviews: students on the debate team, students who strongly identified with a conservative religion, and students on popular athletic teams. Membership in specific peer groups influenced how students participated in or abstained from using homophobic language. Contrary to the prevailing research that pairs religiosity with negatively biased attitudes toward LGBTQIA, in this study, participants' religious beliefs appeared to be associated with respecting others' feelings and a decreased likelihood of using homophobic language.ConclusionsAfter summarizing this study's findings, we conclude with implications for practice. To more effectively deter the use of homophobic language, we encourage school‐based interventions that target specific groups of adolescents and consider the social context in which homophobic language occurs.
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome—Return to Sport Considerations: A Case Report
Authors: Hayano Todd , Cormier David J. , Rybko Niki , Borg‐Stein Joanne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis is a case of a 19‐year‐old female collegiate field hockey player with left leg pain, numbness, and tingling. A comprehensive workup including dynamic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) revealed a type VI functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). There are many options for treatment of functional PAES including activity modification, botulinum toxin injection, and surgery. To the authors' knowledge there is no published return to sport recommendation for postsurgical functional PAES. This report highlights alternative treatment options and proposes a postsurgical return to play rehabilitation protocol in functional PAES.Level of EvidenceV
The Commitment Curve: Global Regulation of Business and Human Rights
Authors: KIRKEBØ Tori Loven , LANGFORD Malcolm 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe divide between hard law and soft law approaches to global regulation of corporations in relation to human rights is partly based on empirical assumptions. Taking a step back, we assess the claims concerning the current state of global regulation and political feasibility of hard law approaches. Moving beyond the usual suspects, we map 98 existing standards that regulate corporations and find a great variation in how different sectors treat human rights and accountability issues. Turning to the explanation of the current jungle of global business and human rights regulation, we contrast and test dominant and competingexpressivetheories with a consequentialistcommitment curve, in which corporations and states seek to minimize human rights commitments. We find support for all approaches to regulatory reform, but argue that greater attention should be given to the consequentialist insights, and how political economy can be leveraged to strengthen regulatory outcomes.
Logic, Being and Nothing
Authors: Rödl Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe first part of this essay develops the idea of logic as the science of thought, articulating, and thus being, the self-consciousness of thought. It explains that logic, so understood, is nothing other than metaphysics, the science of what is in so far as it is. Self-consciousness, then, thought itself, is not empty, but the source of all content. The second part of the essay discusses the opening paragraphs of Hegel’sScience of Logic; it shows how, in these paragraphs, thought is revealed to be the source of its own content in virtue of its original negativity. Thus the second part begins to make concrete the idea of logic provided by the first.
Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of 8900 Chinese preschool children from four cities
Authors: Rutayisire Erigene , Wu Xiaoyan , Huang Kun , Tao Shuman , Chen Yunxiao , Wang Sufang , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlobally, the prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased at an alarming rate. This study investigated associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in 3- to 6-year-old children. Recruited children were from four prefecture-level cities in Eastern China. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Individual dietary patterns were assessed by a comprehensive self-administered FFQ using thirty-five food items. Using factor analysis two dietary patterns were derived: the traditional Chinese pattern was characterised by high consumption of cereals, vegetables and fresh juices while the modern pattern was characterised by high consumption of Western fast food, Chinese fast food, sweets/sugary foods and carbonated beverages. The associations of dietary patterns with overweight/obesity were evaluated by logistic regression models. Data of 8900 preschool children from thirty-five kindergartens recruited from March to June 2015 were used in the final analysis. Adherence to the modern dietary pattern was positively associated with children's age while adherence to the traditional dietary pattern was positively associated with maternal education; these associations were statistically significant. After adjustment, we found that being in the highest tertile of any identified dietary patterns was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese preschool children. Prospective studies are needed to establish a causal link between dietary patterns and childhood obesity.
Health by design: teaching cleanliness and assembling hygiene at the nineteenth-century sanitation museum
Authors: BUXTON HILARY 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 1878, amid a rapidly proliferating social interest in public health and cleanliness, a group of sanitary scientists and reformers founded the Parkes Museum of Hygiene in central London. Dirt and contagion knew no social boundaries, and the Parkes's founders conceived of the museum as a dynamic space for all classes to better themselves and their environments. They promoted sanitary science through a variety of initiatives: exhibits of scientific, medical and architectural paraphernalia; product endorsements; and lectures and certificated courses in practical sanitation, food inspection and tropical hygiene. While the Parkes's programmes reified the era's hierarchies of class and gender, it also pursued a public-health mission that cut across these divisions. Set apart from the great cultural and scientific popular museums that dominated Victorian London, it exhibited a collection with little intrinsic value, and offered an education in hygiene designed to be imported into visitors’ homes and into urban spaces in the metropole and beyond. This essay explores the unique contributions of the Parkes Museum to late nineteenth-century sanitary science and to museum development, even as the growth of public-health policy rendered the museum obsolete.