bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejaculate testosterone levels affect maternal investment in red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus)
Authors: Lelono Asmoro , Riedstra Bernd , Groothuis Ton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSubstantial concentrations of testosterone are not only present in a male’s circulation, but also in its ejaculate. Surprisingly, the regulation of ejaculate T and its effects on females and their offspring, potentially a cryptic paternal trait, are not known. We found lower circulating and higher ejaculate T concentrations in subordinate red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) males compared to dominant males, suggestive of an adaptive trade-off in T allocation to circulation and their ejaculate. Subsequently, we artificially inseminated females with either testosterone enriched (TE) or control ejaculates (CE) in a cross-over design. TE females produced heavier eggs than CE females. Offspring growth and tonic immobility were affected in a sex-specific way by TE. TE sons were heavier with shorter TI duration than CE sons, and TE daughters were lighter than CE daughters but daughters did not differ in TI score. However, the chicks competitiveness was not influenced by the TE nor CE. This indicates a previously unknown function of ejaculate testosterone as well as a new form of interaction between a cryptic paternal trait and a maternal effect that may be widespread in the animal kingdom.
Noble-Metal based Metallic Glasses as Highly Catalytic Materials for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Fuel Cells
Authors: Hasannaeimi Vahid , Mukherjee Sundeep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectro-catalyst design with superior performance and reduced precious metal content (compared to state-of-the-art Pt/C) has been a challenge in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, preventing their widespread adoption. Metallic glasses have recently shown promising performance and large electrochemical surface area in catalytic reactions. The electro-catalytic behavior of recently developed Pt-, Pd-, and Pt/Pd-based metallic glasses was evaluated in this study using scanning electrochemical microscopy. The influence of chemistry and electronic structure on catalytic behavior was studied using scanning kelvin probe technique. The work function for the metallic glasses was lower by 75 mV to 175 mV compared to pure Pt. This resulted in higher catalytic activity for the amorphous alloys, which was attributed to the ease of charge transfer on the surface. The binding energy for the metallic glasses, measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was higher by 0.2 eV to 0.4 eV. This explained easier removal of adsorbed species from the surface of amorphous alloys. The synergistic effect of Pt and Pd in alloys containing both the noble metals was demonstrated towards hydrogen oxidation reaction.
FM0807 decelerates experimental arthritis progression by inhibiting inflammatory responses and joint destruction via modulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Zhang Nanwen , Liu Zhiwei , Luo Hongbin , Wu Weifang , Nie Kaimei , Cai Lin , Tan Shuangyu , Chen Xiaole , Huang Ying , Liu Jiaxing , Lv Meina , Zhang Xin , Fan Yun , Lin Yuying , Ye Shennan , Liu Yang , Wu Lixian , Xu Jianhua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic articular synovial inflammatory disease. The precise etiology underlying the pathogenesis of RA remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin analog FM0807 (curcumin salicylate monoester, 2-hydroxy-, 4-[(1E,6E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dioxo-1,6-heptadien-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenyl ester) on experimental RA and investigate its possible mechanisms of action.Method: Rats with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis (AIA) were administered aspirin (0.1 mmol.kg−1), curcumin (0.1 mmol.kg−1), FM0807 (0.1, 0.2 mmol.kg−1) and vehicle via gastric gavage, from days 7 to 21, once daily. The hind paw volume and arthritis index (AI) were measured, and radiographic and histological examinations were performed. Twenty-one days later, the animals were killed and left ankle joints were removed to measure protein expression of the elements of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by Western blot analysis. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure synovial fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10.Results: Compared with AIA group, FM0807 reduced the AI and swelling of the injected hind paw in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited increases in inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation and cartilage destruction. FM0807 also potently attenuated the increase in the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in synovial fluid, while IL-10 levels were also elevated. FM0807 significantly suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38MAPK, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK), IκB and NF-κB p65 protein, (all P&lt;0.05), which displayed more potential effects compared with those of the aspirin and curcumin groups.Conclusion: FM0807 exerts its therapeutic effects on RA by inhibiting cartilage degeneration. FM0807 treatment might be an effective therapeutic approach for RA.
Researches on the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in the soil in tomatoes -Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Niţu Mihaela , Pruteanu Augustina , Bordean Despina Maria , Popescu Carmen , Deak Gyorghy , Boboc Mădălina , Mustăţea Gabriel 
Published: August 2019

Heavy metals in contaminated soils have benefited from a considerable attention due to the possible risks for the human body.
The current study has investigated the accumulation and transfer coefficient for three heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) found in the contaminated soil with three concentrations (c1=1.5%, c2=3.0%, c3=4.5%, c4=6.0%), obtained by mixing the three metals, in the tomato fruit. The highest accumulation in the tomato fruits was recorded for zinc, then copper and the smallest for lead, for all four concentrations used. The transfer coefficient decreases as the concentration of heavy metals increases, so that for high heavy metals concentrations, the values of the transfer coefficient are very low, and for small heavy metals concentrations in the soil, the values for the transfer coefficient are higher.
The assessment of accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in the fruits of tomatoes grown in the contaminated soil has concluded that all concentrations of the copper, lead and zinc mix have shown a low risk for human consumption.
Aktuelle Kontroversen in der Perinatalen Medizin
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: August 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,die vorliegende Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) begrüßt Sie nach der Sommerpause mit gleich 2 aktuellen Kontroversen, die die Perinatale Medizin – teils mehr auf geburtshilflicher, teils mehr auf neonatologischer Seite – bewegen. Doch der Reihe nach!
Suspected Pulmonary Embolism after Oxygen-Ozone Therapy for Low Back Pain
Authors: Chirchiglia Domenico , Chirchiglia Pasquale , Stroscio Carmelino , Volpentesta Giorgio , Lavano Angelo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxygen-ozone therapy is used to treat degenerative pathology of the spine when surgery is not needed (e.g., removal of a herniated disk). Some authors have described it as a safe and effective procedure in ∼ 70 to 90% of patients. The aim of the therapy is to dehydrate the intervertebral disk and alter its contents. However, this treatment has been associated with some rare but very serious side effects. Both cardiac damage and a case of fulminant septicemia were reported. We describe a case of suspected pulmonary embolism, followed by sudden death, in an elderly woman treated with oxygen-ozone therapy for lumbar pain caused by disk protrusion. We believe a massive pulmonary embolism occurred, probably caused by an intradiskal injection that accidentally punctured a venous vessel and created emboli.
Microvesicles and Cancer Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Lacroix Romaric , Vallier Loris , Bonifay Amandine , Simoncini Stephanie , Mege Diane , Aubert Mathilde , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Dubois Christophe , Dignat-George Françoise 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) are small membrane enclosed structures released into the extracellular space by virtually all cell types. Their composition varies according to the cell origin and the stimulus which caused their formation. They harbor functional molecules and participate in intercellular communication. Endothelium, inflammatory cells, and cancer cells produce procoagulant MVs which contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in animal models. The tissue factor (TF) conveyed by these MVs was shown to play a key role in different animal models of experimental CAT. Alternatively, other molecular mechanisms involving polyphosphates or phosphatidylethanolamine could also be involved. In clinical practice, an association between an increase in the number of TF-positive or the procoagulant activity of these MVs and the occurrence of CAT has indeed been demonstrated in pancreatic-biliary cancers, suggesting that they could behave as a biomarker predictive for CAT. However, to date, this association was not confirmed in other types of cancer. Potential causes explaining this limited associated between MVs and CAT are (1) the diversity of mechanisms associating MVs and different types of cancer; (2) a more complex role of MVs in hemostasis integrating their anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity; and (3) the lack of sensitivity, reproducibility, and standardization of current methodologies permitting measurement of MVs. Each of these hypotheses constitutes an interesting exploration path for a future reassessment of the clinical interest of the MVs in CAT.
Spontaneous Human Myometrial Contractility in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Relation to Past Mode of Delivery
Authors: Ryan Gillian A. , Nicholson Sarah M. , Crankshaw Denis J. , Morrison John J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective It is well established that women with a previous vaginal delivery have higher success rates in relation to vaginal birth after cesarean than those without. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of past mode of delivery on contractile parameters of human myometrium in vitro.
Study Design Myometrial strips were excised from 64 women at cesarean delivery (CD) and recordings of spontaneous contractile activity analyzed and compared across three clinical groups: (1) women with no previous delivery (Group 1); (2) women with CD only (Group 2); and (3) women with a history of vaginal delivery and CD (Group 3).
Results Myometrial samples from women in Group 3, women who had a previous vaginal delivery, had a significantly greater maximum amplitude of contractions (p < 0.05), a greater force (mean contractile force) of contractions (p < 0.01), and a faster rate of rise (p < 0.01) and relaxation of contractions (p < 0.05) than those in Groups 1 and 2.
Conclusion Many of the functional parameters of human uterine contractions are altered, or enhanced, in the women who have had a previous vaginal delivery, when compared with those without. This may partly explain the clinical differences observed in labor.
Short-Term Outcomes following Standardized Admission of Late Preterm Infants to Family-Centered Care
Authors: Reiss Jonathan , Upadhyayula Pavan S. , You Hyeri , Xu Ronghui , Stellwagen Lisa M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective The study compares the short-term outcomes of late preterm infants (LPI) at an academic center in San Diego, California after a change in protocol that eliminated a previously mandatory 12-hour neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) observation period after birth.
Study Design This is a retrospective observational study examining all LPI born with gestational age 35 to 366/7 weeks between October 1, 2016 and October 31, 2017. A total of 189 infants were included in the review. Short-term outcomes were analyzed before and after the protocol change.
Results Transfers to the NICU from family-centered care (FCC) were considerably higher (23.2%) following the protocol change, compared to before (8.2%). More infants were transferred to the NICU for failed car seat tests postprotocol compared to preprotocol. Length of stay before the protocol change was 5.13 days compared to 4.80 days after.
Conclusion LPI are vulnerable to morbidities after delivery and through discharge. We found an increase in failed car seat tests in LPI cared for in FCC after elimination of a mandatory NICU observation after birth. The transitions of care from delivery to discharge are key checkpoints in minimizing complications.
The Effect of Maternal Obesity on Oxytocin Requirements to Achieve Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Adams April D. , Coviello Elizabeth M. , Drassinower Daphnie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to determine if obese women are more likely to require oxytocin rates > 20 mU/min to achieve vaginal delivery, compared with normal weight women.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of deliveries at the MedStar Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital.
Results There were 4,284 births included in the analysis. Thirty-three per cent of deliveries were among women classified as overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25–29.9 kg/m2) and 58% were among women classified as obese (BMI >30.0 kg/m2), 12% were classified as class III obesity (BMI >40 kg/m2). Overall 110 (2.6%) women required an oxytocin rate of >20 mU/min. Doses of oxytocin >20 mU/min for women in the overweight, class I obesity, and class II obesity groups were 2.6, 1.9, and 1.6%, respectively. Deliveries among women with class III obesity had a significantly longer duration of oxytocin exposure (10.7 hours) compared with the normal weight group (8.2 hours, p < 0.001), and had a higher maximum rate of oxytocin compared (10 mU/min) to normal weight women (8 mU/min, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Obese women are more likely to require oxytocin rates more than 20 mU/min, higher doses of oxytocin, and greater duration of oxytocin exposure to achieve a vaginal delivery.
Correlations between social dominance orientation and political attitudes reflect common genetic underpinnings
Authors: Kleppestø Thomas Haarklau , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Vassend Olav , Røysamb Espen , Eftedal Nikolai Haahjem , Sheehy-Skeffington Jennifer , Kunst Jonas R. , Thomsen Lotte 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceDeciphering the underlying psychology of societal attitudes and prejudices is important in times of political unpredictability. We focus on the foundational construct of preference for (or against) hierarchies between groups, as reflected in the 2 subdimensions of social dominance orientation (SDO). Studying SDO with a large-sample twin design, we show that both its sub-dimensions are heritable, share common genetic influences, and overlap genetically with 6 political attitudes that serve to enhance versus attenuate societal hierarchy. This suggests that desire for versus opposition to intergroup hierarchy, in abstract and concrete forms, constitutes a genetically-grounded behavioral syndrome, thus explaining an important part of the long-observed association among political views of various kinds.
Power-law tail in lag time distribution underlies bacterial persistence
Authors: Şimşek Emrah , Kim Minsu 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Persisters are antibiotic-tolerant cells that can evade antibiotic killing by maintaining long lag phase. They complicate antibiotic treatment, leading to treatment failure. Extensive studies in the field found that a myriad of molecular mechanisms leads to persisters. However, we still do not quantitatively understand, nor can we predict, the population dynamics of persistence, e.g., how the number of persisters changes over time. To address this issue, we characterized the lag time distribution of persisters. We observed a power-law decay in the tail of the distribution. We showed that this feature can quantitatively account for the population dynamics of persistence without ad hoc parameters. Additionally, we showed how this simple quantitative feature can emerge due to complicated molecular mechanisms.
Parkinson’s disease is a type of amyloidosis featuring accumulation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein
Authors: Araki Katsuya , Yagi Naoto , Aoyama Koki , Choong Chi-Jing , Hayakawa Hideki , Fujimura Harutoshi , Nagai Yoshitaka , Goto Yuji , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Lewy bodies (LBs), which mainly consist of α-syn, are neuropathological hallmarks of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, it has been reported that aggregates of α-syn with cross-β structures are capable of propagating within the brain in a prionlike manner. However, there is still no evidence that such propagation occurs in the patient’s brain. Here, we examined LBs in thin sections of autopsy brains of patients with PD using microbeam X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed that aggregates of α-syn with a cross-β structure exist in brains of PD patients. Our finding supports the concept that PD is a type of amyloidosis, a disease featuring the accumulation and propagation of amyloid fibrils of α-syn.
TheDrosophilaTrpm channel mediates calcium influx during egg activation
Authors: Hu Qinan , Wolfner Mariana F. 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceA rise in intracellular free calcium is a conserved feature of the egg-to-embryo transition in almost all animals. InDrosophila, as in vertebrates, the rise starts at one end of the oocyte and then travels across the egg in a wave. TheDrosophilacalcium rise is mediated by an influx of calcium due to the action of mechanically gated ion channels. Here, we identify the ion channel that is critical for the calcium entry as Trpm. Trpm is the ortholog of a channel recently shown to mediate the postfertilization calcium influxes needed to sustain calcium oscillations in fertilized mouse eggs, suggesting a deep homology despite species differences in the trigger for egg activation.
Inhibitory interneurons mediate autism-associated behaviors via 4E-BP2
Authors: Wiebe Shane , Nagpal Anmol , Truong Vinh T. , Park Jeehyun , Skalecka Agnieszka , He Alexander J. , Gamache Karine , Khoutorsky Arkady , Gantois Ilse , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Disrupting cellular mechanisms that control protein synthesis can lead to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans. Repetitive motions, impaired social interaction, and altered vocal communication are core symptoms of ASD and can be mimicked in mice. Deletion of the protein synthesis inhibitor, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 2 (4E-BP2), causes autistic behaviors in mice. Using a variety of conditional knockout mouse models, we found that loss of 4E-BP2 in inhibitory neurons in the brain, but not in excitatory neurons or astrocytes, causes autistic behaviors.
Disrupted mechanobiology links the molecular and cellular phenotypes in familial dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Clippinger Sarah R. , Cloonan Paige E. , Greenberg Lina , Ernst Melanie , Stump W. Tom , Greenberg Michael J. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
One of the outstanding challenges in understanding familial dilated cardiomyopathy has been connecting mutation-induced changes in sarcomeric protein function with the phenotype seen in cells. Many of the mutation-induced changes in contractility at the molecular scale are subtle, begging the question of how they lead to a devastating progressive disease. Here, we show that disease-causing mutations in sarcomeric proteins affect not only contraction but also how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to changes in their mechanical environment associated with aging and the disease progression. Our results implicate impaired mechanosensing as an underappreciated mechanism in the pathogenesis and progression of dilated cardiomyopathy, and they have important implications for the design of precision therapeutics.
The representation of sex work in the Greek Press
Authors: Sagredos Christos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe representation of sex work in the media has received little to no attention in the field of linguistics and discourse analysis. Given that news discourse can have a huge impact on public opinions, ideologies and norms, and the setting of political agendas and policies (van Dijk 1989), the study adopts a Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis (CACDA) approach (Baker, Gabrielatos, KhosraviNik, Krzyżanowski, McEnery & Wodak 2008), seeking to explore whether journalists reproduce or challenge negative stereotypes vis-à-vis sex work. Examining 82 articles published in three Greek newspapers (Kathimerini, TA NEA, Efimerida ton Syntakton) in 2017, this paper considers the lexico-grammatical choices that are typically involved in the representation of sex work and sex workers in the Press. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics, the Discourse Historical Approach and corpus linguistics, the analysis links the textual findings (micro-level context) with the discourse practice context (meso-context) as well as the social context in which sex work occurs (macro-context). Findings illustrate that although sex work in Greece has been legalised for about two decades, traces of abolitionist discourses can be found in the Press, building barriers in the emancipatory efforts of sex workers who stand up for having equal civil and labour rights as their fellow citizens.
Communicating trans identity
Authors: Ryan J. Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper will analyze a series of qualitative interviews to better understand the selection and significance of gender identity-based terminology used by trans persons in the United Kingdom. An analysis of factors such as the perceived understanding of terminology available at a given historical moment (i.e. transgender, transman, trans, etc.), identity of interactors (i.e. trans or cis identified), and purpose of interaction (i.e. legal, medical) will be considered to better understand the terminology chosen by individuals to construct and communicate their gender identity in a way that has meaning both to themselves as well as to those with whom they are communicating. Analysis will help to develop a deeper understanding of the importance of terminology in how trans persons understand and communicate their gender identity.
A pragmatic analysis of the speech act of criticizing in university teacher-student talk
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Ambreen Fatima , Zaheer Maria , Gusarova Yulia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The current study examined the realization of the speech act of criticizing by university teachers in their talk
with students. To this end, role-plays were conducted with 60 university teachers (30 males and 30 females) at a private Saudi
university which is characterized by its multicultural academic staff, and, hence, where English is used as a lingua franca.
Recordings were transcribed and analyzed using an adapted version of Nguyen’s (2005,
2013) model of criticism strategies. The results showed the teachers’ preference
for indirect over direct criticism strategies and their minimal use of modifiers, particularly internal ones. It was also found
that the influence of the teacher’s gender or years of teaching experience was small while the severity of the situation was a
critical factor in the choice of appropriate strategies. The results were interpreted in relation to the existing literature and
the theoretical model of politeness.