bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian Americans are less willing than other racial groups to participate in health research
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Elliott Amy , Strelnick Hal , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Asian Americans constitute 5% of the U.S. population. Their willingness to participate in research is important to examine because it influences participation rates and the representativeness of study results.Methods:A total of 17,339 community members participated from six diverse Clinical and Translational Award (CTSA) sites. Community members were asked about their willingness to volunteer for eight different types of health research, their expectation of monetary compensation for research participation, their trust in research and researchers, their preferred language to receive health information, and their socio-demographic background. We examined Asian Americans’ willingness to participate in various types of health research studies and compared their perceptions with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., Asian n = 485; African-American n = 9516; Hispanic/Latino n = 1889; Caucasian n = 4760; and other minority n = 689).Results:Compared to all other racial/ethnic groups, Asian Americans were less willing to participate in all eight types of health research. However, Asian Americans reported a lower amount of fair compensation for research participation than African-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos but were as likely to trust researchers as all other racial/ethnic groups.Conclusion:Asian Americans are less willing to participate in health research than other racial/ethnic groups, and this difference is not due to dissatisfaction with research compensation or lower trust in researchers. Lack of trust in research and language barriers should be addressed to improve representativeness and generalizability of all populations in research.
GOLDFELD’S CONJECTURE AND CONGRUENCES BETWEEN HEEGNER POINTS
Authors: KRIZ DANIEL , LI CHAO 
Published: May 2019

Given an elliptic curve$E$over$\mathbb{Q}$, a celebrated conjecture of Goldfeld asserts that a positive proportion of its quadratic twists should have analytic rank 0 (respectively 1). We show that this conjecture holds whenever$E$has a rational 3-isogeny. We also prove the analogous result for the sextic twists of$j$-invariant 0 curves. For a more general elliptic curve$E$, we show that the number of quadratic twists of$E$up to twisting discriminant$X$of analytic rank 0 (respectively 1) is$\gg X/\log ^{5/6}X$, improving the current best general bound toward Goldfeld’s conjecture due to Ono–Skinner (respectively Perelli–Pomykala). To prove these results, we establish a congruence formula between$p$-adic logarithms of Heegner points and apply it in the special cases$p=3$and$p=2$to construct the desired twists explicitly. As a by-product, we also prove the corresponding$p$-part of the Birch and Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture for these explicit twists.
Inequality under Authoritarian Rule
Authors: Teo Terence K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the turn of the century, much comparative politics scholarship has examined whether and how income inequality affects the prospects of democratization and, to a lesser extent, whether democracy reduces inequality. What is lacking, however, is a close examination of the extent of income inequality in authoritarian regimes. This article examines the variation in inequality across authoritarian regimes and argues that electoral competition – in conjunction with party ideology and the extent of party institutionalization – helps explain the pattern of inequality under authoritarian rule. I find that electoral authoritarian (EA) regimes – regimes in which multiple parties legally compete in elections – have lower levels of inequality compared to non-EA regimes. I further find that inequality is lower in EA regimes with left-leaning ruling parties and more institutionalized party systems. This analysis highlights the value of exploring the dynamics and contingent effects of electoral competition in authoritarian regimes.
Polygnathids (Conodonta) around the Pragian/Emsian boundary from the Dacun-1 section (central Guangxi, South China)
Authors: Lu Jian-Feng , Valenzuela-Ríos José Ignacio , Liao Jau-Chyn , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe base of the Emsian, which is defined by the first appearance of the conodont Polygnathus kitabicus, has never been successfully demonstrated in the South China Block (including Guangxi and eastern Yunnan). As a result, we studied conodonts from the lowermost part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation at the Dacun-1 section in the Liujing area, Guangxi. This new investigation has revealed a conodont fauna only consisting of Polygnathus pireneae, P. sokolovi, P. kitabicus, P. sp. and Pandorinellina exigua philipi, which can be assigned to the uppermost part of the pireneae Zone and the lowermost part of the kitabicus Zone in ascending order. The Pragian/Emsian boundary at the Dacun-1 section is located in the highest thick-bedded limestone bed that can be observed in the lowermost part of the Shizhou Member. Therefore, this is the first time that the lower boundary of the Emsian defined by the lowest occurrence of P. kitabicus is reported in the South China Block. However, the scarcity of suitable limestone samples for conodont analysis in the middle and upper parts of the Shizhou Member precludes definitive identification of the upper boundary of the kitabicus Zone in the Liujing area.
Language as category: using prototype theory to create reference points for the study of multilingual data
Authors: WATSON RACHEL 
Published: May 2019

abstractIn this paper I present a framework for the conceptualization of languages based on the prototype theory of categorization proposed by Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues for natural semantic categories. It is motivated by research in the Casamance region of southern Senegal, where a high level of multilingualism in non-standardized varieties is the norm, making accurate description of languages, and thus analysis of multilingual discourse, problematic. I show that languages in this context can be conceived of as categories, of which linguistic features may be more or less prototypical members. Such an approach can form the basis for a more robust method of language description, integrating rich sociolinguistic data, and facilitating more nuanced analysis of multilingual discourse data.
An Accurate Calculation Method for Two-dimensional Incompressible Laminar Boundary Layers, Including Cases with Regions of Sharp Pressure Gradient
Authors: Curle N 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe paper develops and extends the calculation method of Stratford, for flows in which a Blasius type boundary layer reacts to a sharp unfavourable pressure gradient. Whereas even the more general of Stratford’s two formulae for predicting the position of boundary-layer separation is based primarily upon an interpolation between only three exact solutions of the boundary layer equations, the present proposals are based upon nine solutions covering a much wider range of conditions. Four of the solutions are for extremely sharp pressure gradients of the type studied by Stratford, and five are for more modest gradients. The method predicts the position of separation extremely accurately for each of these cases.The method may also be used to predict the detailed distributions of skin friction, displacement thickness and momentum thickness, and does so both simply and accurately.
Some Measurements in a Turbulent Circular Jet in the Presence of a Co-flowing Free Stream
Authors: Smith D J , Hughes T 
Published: May 2019

SummaryResults obtained by hot-wire measurements in a turbulent jet are presented for the cases where the jet issues into a co-flowing free stream and, for comparison, where the jet issues into quiescent air. The results obtained in the former show some agreement with other workers, but they are more extensive, including measurements of microscales and macroscales. The results also suggest that the presence of a free stream reduces the rate of decay of the longitudinal turbulent component of velocity, which has the effect of increasing the skewness of the eddy structure.
The Stability of a Two-dimensional Wall Jet
Authors: Tsuji Yutaka , Morikawa Yoshinobu , Nagatani Toshihiro , Sakou Masaaki 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe stability of a two-dimensional wall jet was studied theoretically and experimentally. As a result of the linear stability calculation, it was found that one eigenmode is separated into two modes when the Reynolds number is large, and inside a neutral stable curve in the α, R-plane there exists another neutral curve enclosing a stable region. Experimental results of small disturbances were compared with calculated results; agreement between them was satisfactory. It was found, further, that subharmonics of a predominant disturbance velocity component appear in the non-linear region.
Chordwise Variation of Vorticity: A Comparison of Approximations for Use in Panel Methods
Authors: Petrie J A H 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBased on computing efficiency, a comparison is made of three different ways of representing the chordwise variation of bound vorticity for use in panel methods. Because of expense, the two-dimensional analogues of the three-dimensional models were used and the results assumed to hold in both situations. A constant panel of vorticity is found to have inherent difficulties which make it unattractive to use. A linearly varying vorticity model is found to be best but a model using line vortices is almost as good and, moreover, simpler to use.
A Comparison of Techniques for Estimating STOL Aircraft Response to Low Altitude Turbulence
Authors: Reid L D , Markov A B , Graf W O 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper describes four techniques that can be applied to predict the response of an aircraft (including STOL and VTOL vehicles) to wind shear and turbulence during the landing approach. A comparison among the techniques is carried out by predicting the longitudinal response of a light STOL transport to atmospheric conditions within the earth’s planetary boundary layer. The turbulence data were generated by a boundary-layer wind tunnel and by an instrumented helicopter. Of the four techniques described, the flight path correlation technique is the most recent, having been developed to handle some of the problems facing the analysis of STOL and VTOL aircraft response. The other three approaches are the power spectral density technique, the equivalent deterministic input technique, and the in-flight turbulence measurement technique. The practical features of each of these are outlined and typical response predictions are plotted as a function of height during the landing approach. In general terms it was concluded that the techniques requiring the greatest amount of data-collection sophistication and computation (the in-flight data measurement and flight path correlation techniques) would produce the best results.
God's Use of theIdem per Idemto Terminate Debate
Authors: Lundbom Jack R. 
Published: May 2019

Twice in the book of Exodus where tradition preserves the revelation of the divine name to Moses, God employs a peculiar idiom which S. R. Driver has called theidem per idem. In Exod 3:14 God says:I will be what I will beand again in 33:19 he tells his servant:But I will be gracious to whom I will be graciousand I will show mercy on whom I will show mercyTheidem per idemis a tautology of sorts which Driver says is employed “where the means or the desire to be more explicit does not exist.” Driver calls the idiom Semitic, and indeed it is, as one can see by perusing the many examples from Hebrew and Arabic cited earlier by Paul de Lagarde in hisPsalterium Iuxta Hebraeos Hieronymi. But it is also found, as we shall see in a moment, in other languages both ancient and modern.
Judicial Knowledge Based on Questionable Notions of Mental Disorder
Authors: Boasson Charles 
Published: May 2019

In every system of law there exist formalized rules of evidence, according to which facts have to be proven.A party in court may be required by his opponent to prove all the facts on which he desires to rely.Yet there must be a limit to the legal uncertainty of an endless chain of facts for which, otherwise, an equally endless chain of proofs might be demanded.Judges have a proper and powerful way to prevent superfluous debates as to the existence of what they deem to be generally known, or to have been already sufficiently established in a number of previous cases. Such facts can be declared to have become “public”, “judicial” or “common knowledge”.A fact so declared may, actually, be of a very complicated nature, such as a generally accepted scientific theory. The danger is, that no scientific theory is completely static, and widely accepted theories may, with justification be undermined by newer and more refined insights, but it usually takes some time until the new—and perhaps better—theory becomes generally accepted.For that reason, theories which are in a flux, or are being competently questioned, cannot be easily declared to have been solved one way or the other. Predilection towards a particularly emphasized conception to such extent as to declare that conception not merely preferred, but “public knowledge” may foreclose for a considerable time the prevalence of better conceptions.
Passage Through the Strait of Bab Al-Mandeb
Authors: Lapidoth Ruth 
Published: May 2019

The strait of Bab al-Mandeb, “the gate of tears” or “the gate of the wailing yard”, joins the high seas of the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean to those of the Red Sea. The name is primarily used by geographers to designate the narrowest part of the passage, between Ras Bab al-Mandeb on the Asian shore and Ras Siyan in Africa. At this point it is bordered on the east by the Yemen Arab Republic (Northern Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Southern Yemen), and in the west by the Republic of Djibouti (formerly the French Territory of the Afars and Issas). About 14 miles farther north, where the Red Sea (or, for that matter, the strait) is nearly 20 miles wide, lies the coast of Ethiopia (the province of Eritrea). All the riparians claim a territorial sea of 12 miles, and the Yemen Arab Republic, as well as the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, also claim jurisdiction for certain purposes in an additional zone of 6 miles.On the eastern shore of the strait of Bab al-Mandeb lies the peninsula of Ras Bab al-Mandeb, which is about 6–10 km. wide. It consists of rocky, volcanic plains with several hills of 200–300 m. The coast of Ras Bab al-Mandeb is surrounded by coral reefs of a width of up to 1500 m. The border between North Yemen and South Yemen passes down the middle of Ras Bab al-Mandeb.
Evaluation of Herbicides in No-tillage Production of Burley Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Authors: Chappell W.E. , Link L.A. 
Published: May 2019

Burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Kentucky 14′) was grown as a no-tillage crop in 1974 and 1975 by planting tobacco directly into an existing stand of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.). Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′bipyridium ion) and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were used to kill existing vegetation. Benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfaniiamide), metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)one], and chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl), 1-methoxy-1-methylurea] were used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.Glyphosate was generally more effective than paraquat in killing existing vegetation. There was some injury to the tobacco associated with the glyphosate and paraquat treatments, but this was generally confined to those plants which came into contact with the treated herbage. Metribuzin caused severe damage to the tobacco and was discontinued after the first year. Chlorbromuron caused little injury if kept on the surface but injured the tobacco if incorporated by cultivation as in conventional tillage. Benefin and oryzalin caused little or no injury to the tobacco. All four herbicides gave adequate control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
MILITARI E POLITICA: UNA RASSEGNA DI STUDI
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLa letteratura sul ruolo dei militari in politica è cresciuta negli ultimi anni in maniera considerevole, seguendo di pari passo la crescente importanza del fenomeno militare sotto i più diversi aspetti. Basti pensare che «il 12% degli Stati indipendenti nel 1961 era guidato da governi i cui leaders avevano preso il potere con colpi di Stato. Nel 1966 la percentuale era salita a 19, nel 1972 a 27». Alla crescita quantitativa delle analisi sul ruolo politico dei militari non ha però fatto riscontro un'adeguato approfondimento teorico, cosicché oggi il campo dello studio dei militari è caratterizzato da una varietà di definizioni, di prospettive, di generalizzazioni e di ipotesi che rasenta spesso la confusione. Si sente fortissima l'esigenza di una teoria storico-comparata che possa portare ordine e immaginazione.
LA CULTURA POLITICA: STORIA INTELLETTUALE DEL CONCETTO
Authors: Almond Gabriel A. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneUna nozione di cultura politica, o almeno qualcosa del genere, esiste sin da quando si è parlato o scritto di politica. Nei pensatori classici, come Platone o Aristotele, si trovano esplicitate anche le sottocategorie che usiamo oggi nell'analisi della cultura politica. Ad esempio, subcultura politica dell'élite, socializzazione politica, mutamento culturale. Fatte le debite differenze, né il maggior teorico del Rinascimento, Machiavelli, o dell'Illuminismo, Montesquieu, raggiungono la stessa profondità di Aristotele quando parlano delle proprietà culturali di nazioni e gruppi. Solo Tocqueville nei suoi studi sugli atteggiamenti delle classi sociali durante la Rivoluzione Francese e sugli orientamenti della cultura americana raggiunge un livello di raffinatezza comparabile.
DESTRA, SINISTRA O CENTRO? SULLA LEGITTIMAZIONE DI PARTITI E COALIZIONI NEL SUD EUROPA
Authors: Di Palma Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIn ultima analisi i partiti politici servono a governare, ma quali partiti hanno titolo a governare? Se in molti paesi la scelta riflette pacificamente i normali mutamenti nelle preferenze partitiche degli elettori, le cose non sono cosí semplici nell'Europa del Sud. Il risorgere di un sistema di partiti dopo decenni di autoritarismo in Spagna e Portogallo, la ripresa della competizione partitica dopo un piú breve intervallo di dittatura militare in Grecia, una crisi acutissima dei vecchi equilibri di partito e di coalizione in Italia, aprono infatti un periodo di difficile transizione e propongono con urgenza il delicato dilemma continuismo-rottura, mettendo cosí in questione la credibilità di governo e persino la legittimità di molti partiti, nonché dei sistemi di partito e perciò stesso delle coalizioni di governo che essi esprimono. A riguardo di queste ultime possiamo offrire due criteri di classificazione su cui si appuntano scelte e valutazioni di merito: il primo e sincronico ha come oggetto la composizione, l'ambito e la collaborazione spaziale lungo lo spettro partitico di una data coalizione di governo; il secondo e diacronico ha come oggetto l'alternanza o meno delle coalizioni. A metterli insieme, i due criteri ci danno quattro modi di stare al governo (Fig. 1), compresi tra due estremi idealtipici — governare insieme e a tempo indefinito, governare separatamente e a turno.
LO STATO IN AMERICA LATINA
Authors: Dillon Soares Glaucio Ary 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl punto di partenza di questo articolo è la convinzione che non è possibile elaborare una teoria generale dello Stato valida per tutti i tempi e per tutti i paesi, ma che è necessario, invece, cercare di individuare le variabili piú significative delle diverse esperienze storiche e costruire su questa base tipologie dinamiche e comparate che consentano di porre altre domande feconde sul ruolo dello Stato con particolare riferimento al suo intervento nell'economia. Il presente articolo intende fornire un contributo in questo senso sulla base specifica dell'esperienza latinoamericana.
AREE ELETTORALI E FORZA DEI PARTITI: 1968–1976
Authors: Sadocchi Sandro 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneDopo ogni consultazione elettorale esiste, da parte dei partiti politici e dell'opinione pubblica, la tendenza ad associare tra loro le entità territoriali dove i partiti hanno riportato risultati simili, al fine di visualizzare le zone di influenza di un certo partito o di una coalizione di partiti. L'interesse per questo argomento ha alimentato la letteratura politologica con un certo numero di lavori riguardanti la geografia elettorale.
UN MANUALE DI SCIENZA POLITICA
Authors: Morlino Leonardo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneManuale o handbook è una parola che suscita nelle scienze sociali molte speranze, illusioni e, spesso, notevoli delusioni. L'esigenza di disporre di manuali nasce dalla necessità di far riferimento a un sicuro, consolidato e coerente insieme di conoscenze da parte dei cultori di una materia. Scrivere un manuale significa, dunque, raccogliere, sistemare, rendere coerenti e, finalmente, presentare l'intero corpo teorico elaborato dalla disciplina. Un manuale è costitutivamente — per le stesse necessità e fini a cui risponde — molto poco problematico. Dal momento che deve sistemare e presentare quanto è ormai acquisito, dovrà dare molto piò spazio al relativamente certo, piuttosto che all' « incerto ». D'altra parte, in termini di prospettive analitiche emergeranno le direzioni di ricerca che in quel particolare momento sembrano piú proficue.
RICAMBIO ELETTORALE E IDENTIFICAZIONI PARTITICHE: VERSO UNA EGEMONIA DELLE SINISTRE?
Authors: Sani Giacomo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneI risultati delle elezioni amministrative del 15 giugno hanno fatto da sfondo ai dibattiti politici di questi ultimi mesi ed hanno condizionato i comportamenti e le tattiche dei protagonisti della vita politica. Difficoltà, sbandamenti, tentativi di «rifondazione» nella DC, dibattito all'interno del PSI sulla strategia del partito nel futuro, rinnovate aperture e prese di posizione del PCI, incertezza e posizione di attesa negli altri partiti, tutto ciò riflette in larga misura i mutamenti intervenuti nella forza dei partiti a seguito delle elezioni per il rinnovo dei consigli comunali, provinciali e regionali che hanno interessato la quasi totalità dell'elettorato (vedi Tabella 1). Il successo riportato dalle sinistre il 15 giugno è stato generalmente interpretato da politici ed osservatori come una svolta molto significativa non solo agli effetti della formazione degli organi di governo a livello locale, ma anche agli effetti del quadro politico piú generale, cioè degli schieramenti e degli assetti del sistema partitico in sede nazionale negli anni futuri. Ai dirigenti politici, insomma, i mutamenti nei rapporti di forza intervenuti il 15 giugno hanno posto con urgenza il problema di riesaminare, adeguare o eventualmente re-inventare strategie adatte alla nuova situazione.
Narrow Band Photometry of Comet Kohoutek
Authors: Brown Larry W. 
Published: May 2019

Photometric observations of emission line features of the coma of comet Kohoutek (1973f) were made with narrow band interference filters. The emission features observed were CN(3879 A°), C3(4057 A°), and C2(4732, 5165,5634 A°). The radial dependence of the emission was investigated by employing six diaphragms set concentrically about the brightest part of the comet's head.The photometric observations were made at the Optical Research Facility and Observatory of NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland. The observatory is located 13 miles Northeast of Washington, D.C. (longitude = 5h07m18s22, latitude = +39° 01′ 11.″48, altitude = 49 meters) and is operated by the Laboratory for Optical Astronomy of Goddard (GSFC).