bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUBSTITUTION COMPONENT CULTIVATION MEDIA OF PHOTO-FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR LOW COST HYDROGEN GAS BIOPRODUCTION
Authors: Susilaningsih Dwi , Uhtiza Tami Astie , Anam Khairul 
Published: May 2018

Employing the Rhodobium marinum bacteria as an agent of hydrogen bioproduction with facultative fermentation condition needs two steps of cultivations, i.e., pre-culture and hydrogen production periods with different media. The two steps cultivation is important state for hydrogen gas production rate. ASY (Ammonium, Succinate, and Yeast extract) is usually used as standard medium in biohydrogen production and mostly the component is analytical grade of chemicals. Series of cultivation media substitution by combining ASY with other cost-effective chemicals were investigated. The total of sixteen combinations of media were observed (P0-P15). Cultivation condition of R. marinum was set in an illuminated light of 31.17 µmol s-1m-2photon and agitated in shaker of 120 rpm for nine days. The experiment was designed as random selection with anova analyses. The results exhibited that P7 medium combination released the highest hydrogen gas of 61.29±0.52 ml/80 ml media among the others combination media. Using one-way ANOVA, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean number and condition and it was found P7 was significantly different with the others combination media, except P7 was insignificantly different with P3 only. Overall, the combination media is cheaper than the ASY medium. The ASY medium price is about USD 677, and the substitution media prices were ranging from USD 4.24 to USD 613.47. However, the further research on optimisation cultivation condition is needed.
A fixed point approach to the hyperstability of the general linear equation in β-Banach spaces
Authors: EL-Fassi Iz-iddine , Kabbaj Samir , Chahbi Abdellatif 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is first to reformulate the fixed point theorem (see Theorem 1 of [J. Brzdȩk, J. Chudziak and Z. Páles,
A fixed point approach to stability of functional equations, Nonlinear Anal. 74 2011, 17, 6728–6732])
in β-Banach spaces. We also show that this theorem is a very efficient and convenient tool for proving the hyperstability results of the general linear equation in β-Banach spaces. Our main results state that, under some weak natural assumptions, functions satisfying the equation approximately (in some sense) must be actually solutions to it.
Singularly Perturbed Fractional Schrödinger Equations with Critical Growth
Authors: He Yi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We are concerned with the following singularly perturbed fractional Schrödinger equation:

{

ε

2
⁢
s

⁢

(

-
Δ

)

s

⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

in
⁢

ℝ
N

,

u
∈

H
s

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

,

u
>

0
⁢
on
⁢

ℝ
N

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{\varepsilon^{2s}}{(-\Delta)^{s}}u+V(x)u=% f(u)&&\displaystyle{\text{in }}{\mathbb{R}^{N}},\\ &\displaystyle u\in{H^{s}}({\mathbb{R}^{N}}),&&\displaystyle u>0{\text{ on }}{% \mathbb{R}^{N}},\end{aligned}\right.

where ε is a small positive parameter,

N
>

2
⁢
s

{N>2s}

, and

(

-
Δ

)

s

{{(-\Delta)^{s}}}

, with

s
∈

(
0
,
1
)

{s\in(0,1)}

, is the fractional Laplacian. Using variational technique, we construct a family of positive solutions

u
ε

∈

H
s

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

{{u_{\varepsilon}}\in{H^{s}}({\mathbb{R}^{N}})}

which concentrates around the local minima of V as

ε
→
0

{\varepsilon\to 0}

under general conditions on f which we believe to be almost optimal.
Existence and Multiplicity of Periodic Solutions to Indefinite Singular Equations Having a Non-monotone Term with Two Singularities
Authors: Hakl Robert , Zamora Manuel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Efficient conditions guaranteeing the existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions to the second order differential equation

u
′′

=

h
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
g
⁢

(
u
)

{u^{\prime\prime}=h(t)g(u)}

are established. Here,

g
:

(
A
,
B
)

→

(
0
,

+
∞

)

{g\colon(A,B)\to(0,+\infty)}

is a positive function with two singularities, and

h
∈

L
⁢

(

ℝ
/
T

⁢
ℤ

)

{h\in L(\mathbb{R}/T\mathbb{Z})}

is a general sign-changing function. The obtained results have a form of relation between multiplicities of zeros of the weight function h and orders of singularities of the nonlinear term. Our results have applications in a physical model, where from the equation

u
′′

=

h
⁢

(
t
)

sin
2

⁡
u

{u^{\prime\prime}=\frac{h(t)}{\sin^{2}u}}

one can study the existence and multiplicity of periodic motions of a charged particle in an oscillating magnetic field on the sphere. The approach is based on the classical properties of the Leray–Schauder degree.
Parabolic Biased Infinity Laplacian Equation Related to the Biased Tug-of-War
Authors: Liu Fang , Jiang Feida 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we study the parabolic inhomogeneous β-biased infinity Laplacian equation arising from the β-biased tug-of-war

u
t

-

Δ
∞
β

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

,

{u_{t}}-\Delta_{\infty}^{\beta}u=f(x,t),

where β is a fixed constant and

Δ
∞
β

{\Delta_{\infty}^{\beta}}

is the β-biased infinity Laplacian operator

Δ
∞
β

⁢
u

=

Δ
∞
N

⁢
u

+

β
⁢

|

D
⁢
u

|

\Delta_{\infty}^{\beta}u=\Delta_{\infty}^{N}u+\beta\lvert Du\rvert

related to the game theory named β-biased tug-of-war. We first establish a comparison principle of viscosity solutions when the inhomogeneous term f does not change its sign. Based on the comparison principle, the uniqueness of viscosity solutions of the Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary problem and some stability results are obtained. Then the existence of viscosity solutions of the corresponding Cauchy–Dirichlet problem is established by a regularized approximation method when the inhomogeneous term is constant. We also obtain an interior gradient estimate of the viscosity solutions by Bernstein’s method. This means that when f is Lipschitz continuous, a viscosity solution u is also Lipschitz in both the time variable t and the space variable x. Finally, when

f
=
0

{f=0}

, we show some explicit solutions.
Comparison of the structure of Aβ(1-40) amyloid with the one in complex with polyphenol ε-viniferin glucoside (EVG)
Authors: Dułak Dawid , Banach Mateusz , Wiśniowski Zdzisław , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The analysis of amyloid structures is much easier recently due to the availability of the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance technique, which allows the determination of the 3D structure of amyloid forms. The amyloidogenic polypeptide Aβ(1-40) (PDB ID 2M9R, 2M9S) in its soluble form is the object of analysis in this paper. The solubility of this polypeptide is reached due to the presence of a complexed ligand: polyphenol ε-viniferin glucoside. Two forms of complexes available in the PDB were taken for analysis with respect to the presence of a hydrophobic core in the 3D structure of these complexes. The idealized hydrophobic core structure assumed to be accordant with the 3D Gauss function distribution was taken as the pattern. The aim of this analysis is the possible further comparison to the structures of the hydrophobic core present in amyloids. It is shown that the discordant (versus the 3D Gauss function) fragments present in amyloids appear accordant in the discussed complexes.
Physiological responses of Enhalus acoroides to osmotic stress
Authors: Kongrueang Pimpanit , Buapet Pimchanok , Roongsattham Peerapat 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aims to examine photophysiological and osmotic responses in seedlings of the seagrassEnhalus acoroidesafter exposure to different salinity levels. Seagrass seedlings were grown for 20 days in control (salinity 30), hyposaline (salinity 10 and 20) and hypersaline (salinity 40 and 50) conditions. The present study showed that both hypo- and hypersaline conditions affected the photophysiology ofE. acoroidesseedlings, reducing the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and total chlorophyll content. The photosynthetic system appeared to be more sensitive to hyposaline than to hypersaline conditions as shown by immediate declines inFv/Fmand total chlorophyll content. Hyposaline conditions increased the water content in roots. The increase in tissue Na+content induced by hypersalinity did not affect photosynthetic integrity and was more pronounced in leaves than in roots. It is concluded that the ionic homeostasis ofE. acoroidesseedlings is less affected by short-term hypersalinity than by hyposalinity. The K+/Na+ratios in leaves with hypersalinity decreased by 20 days after treatment. Additionally, the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fmand total chlorophyll content) is highly sensitive to salinity shifts and can be used as a marker for short-term acclimation to salinity stress in this seagrass species.
Seagrass in Southeast Asia: a review of status and knowledge gaps, and a road map for conservation
Authors: Fortes Miguel D. , Ooi Jillian Lean Sim , Tan Yi Mei , Prathep Anchana , Bujang Japar Sidik , Yaakub Siti Maryam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoutheast Asia has the highest diversity of seagrass species and habitat types, but basic information on seagrass habitats is still lacking. This review examines the known distribution, extent, species diversity, and research and knowledge gaps of seagrasses in Southeast Asia by biogeographic region of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW). The extent of seagrass meadows in Southeast Asia is ~36,762.6 km2but this is likely an underestimate as some ecoregions were not well-represented and updated information was lacking. There is a paucity of information from the Western Coral Triangle Province, with no areal extent data available for the Indonesian regions of Kalimantan, Central and Southeast Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, and West Papua. Regional research output has increased in the last two decades, with a trend towards more experimental, rather than descriptive research. However, there are knowledge gaps in socio-cultural-economic themed research, despite growing awareness of the importance of seagrass-human relationships in this region. Obstacles to advancing seagrass research, knowledge and conservation are rooted in either lack of expertise and training or the failure of effective management and policies. We propose a roadmap for seagrass conservation, with suggested solutions, including 1) encouraging collaboration between research institutions and scientists in the region to build capacity and share knowledge; 2) engaging with policymakers and governments to encourage science-based policies; 3) engaging with communities to raise awareness and foster stewardship of seagrass in the region.
Isolation of eudesmane type sesquiterpene ketone from Prangos heyniae H.Duman & M.F.Watson essential oil and mosquitocidal activity of the essential oils
Authors: Özek Gülmira , Bedir Erdal , Tabanca Nurhayat , Ali Abbas , Khan Ikhlas A. , Duran Ahmet , Başer Kemal H.C. , Özek Temel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the present work, an endemic species Prangos heyniae collected in four locations from Turkey was subjected to hydrodistillation in Clevenger type apparatus to obtain the essential oils (EO1-4). The gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas-chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC/FID) analyses showed that the EOs were rich in sesquiterpenes, germacrene D (10.3-12.1%), β-bisabolene (14.4%), kessane (26.9%), germacrene B (8.2%), elemol (3.4-46.9%), β-bisabolenal (1.4-70.7%), β-bisabolenol (8.4%) and an eudesmane type sesquiterpene (1) (16.1%) with [M+218]. This unidentified compound (1) was isolated in a rapid one-step manner with >95.0% purity using Preparative Capillary Gas Chromatography (PCGC) with an HP Innowax column connected to a Preparative Fraction Collector (PFC) system. Structure determination was accomplished from 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data which determined a new eudesmane type sesquiterpene, 3,7(11)-eudesmadien-2-one (1). Using a biting deterrent bioassay, the mean proportion not biting (PNB) values of the P. heyniae EO1-4 were 0.88 for EO1 and 0.80 for EO2 which were similar to the positive control DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). The EO3 and EO4 had lower PNB values of 0.64 and 0.44, respectively. P. heyniae EO1-4 showed good larvicidal activity at 125 and 62.5 ppm whereas EO1-3 were slightly less effective at the dose of 31.25 ppm and EO4 was not active at 31.25 ppm against 1st instar Aedes aegypti.
Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Prediction of SNR Effected by Probe Properties on Ultrasonic Inspection of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments
Authors: Kurtulmuş Memduh 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Many austenitic stainless steel components are used in the construction of nuclear power plants. These components are joined by different welding processes, and radiation damages occur in the welds during the service life of the plant. The plants are inspected periodically with ultrasonic test methods. Many ultrasonic inspection problems arise due to the weld metal microstructure of austenitic stainless steel weldments. The present research was conducted in order to describe the affects of probe angle and probe frequency of both transversal and longitudinal wave probes on detecting the defects of austenitic stainless steel weldments. Feed forward back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) models have been developed for predicting signal to noise ratio (SNR) of transversal and longitudinal wave probes. Input variables that affect SNR output in these models are welding angle, probe angle, probe frequency and sound path. Of the experimental data, 80% is used for a training dataset and 20% is used for a testing dataset with 10 neurons in hidden layers in developed ANN models. Mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) types are calculated as 0.0656 and 16.28%, respectively, to predict performance of ANN models in a transversal wave probe. In addition, MAE and MAPE are calculated as 0.0478 and 18.01%, respectively, for performance in a longitudinal wave probe.
The dynamics of structural changes in the social-role attitudes of students during studies at higher educational institution
Authors: Savytska Olha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The purpose of the paper — to present the theoretical considerations and the results of empirical study concerning on the intentional characteristics of professional consciousness (on the example of social-role attitudes of students). The structure, the dynamics of changes in the social-role attitudes of students during studies at higher educational institution in different forms of studies (full-time and part-time) and the influence of the quality of program content transferred during the education process on the shaping of students' professional awareness were also discussed.

The methodology of the research. We used the method of questioning and incomplete sentences in the research. The sample consisted of 94 students of 1 - 5 courses in the following fields: psychology, primary education, mathematics and physics. The study involved 17 part-time students and 77 full-time students. The age of full-time students was from 17 to 22 years old, and the age of part-time students was from 24 to 35 years old. Methods of mathematical statistics are used to evaluate the data.

The results of the research. The data of the empirical research of the students' social-role attitudes show that they have content peculiarities as for the specifics of manifestation at different stages of professional training and on different forms of studies at higher educational institution. Social attitudes regarding the role of “student” and the role of “professional” which have three-component structure (cognitive, emotional and behavioural) vary in degree of awareness and completeness, and are ambivalent. This increases their resilience to changes.

The discussion. The results of the studies show that the social-role attitudes undergo changes as a result of target influences in the process of professional training of future specialists at higher educational institution. Therefore, the definition of social-role attitudes features will contribute to the development of the effective technologies in the professional training of specialists.
Domination of sample maxima and related extremal dependence measures
Authors: Hashorva Enkelejd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor a given d-dimensional distribution function (df) H we introduce the class of dependence measures μ(H, Q) = −E{n H(Z1, . . . , Zd)}, where the random vector (Z1, . . . , Zd) has df Q which has the same marginal dfs as H. If both H and Q are max-stable dfs, we show that for a df F in the max-domain of attraction of H, this dependence measure explains the extremal dependence exhibited by F. Moreover, we prove that μ(H, Q) is the limit of the probability that the maxima of a random sample from F is marginally dominated by some random vector with df in the max-domain of attraction of Q. We show a similar result for the complete domination of the sample maxima which leads to another measure of dependence denoted by λ(Q, H). In the literature λ(H, H), with H a max-stable df, has been studied in the context of records, multiple maxima, concomitants of order statistics and concurrence probabilities. It turns out that both μ(H, Q) and λ(Q, H) are closely related. If H is max-stable we derive useful representations for both μ(H, Q) and λ(Q, H). Our applications include equivalent conditions for H to be a product df and F to have asymptotically independent components.
Quality, origins and limitations of common therapeutic drug reference intervals
Authors: McCudden Christopher R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to manage drugs with a narrow window between effective and toxic concentrations. TDM involves measuring blood concentrations of drugs to ensure effective therapy, avoid toxicity and monitor compliance. Common drugs for which TDM is used include aminoglycosides for infections, anticonvulsants to treat seizures, immunosuppressants for transplant patients and cardiac glycosides to regulate cardiac output and heart rate. An essential element of TDM is the provision of accurate and clinically relevant reference intervals. Unlike most laboratory reference intervals, which are derived from a healthy population, TDM reference intervals need to relate to clinical outcomes in the form of efficacy and toxicity. This makes TDM inherently more difficult to develop as healthy individuals are not on therapy, so there is no “normal value”. In addition, many of the aforementioned drugs are old and much of the information regarding reference intervals is based on small trials using methods that have changed. Furthermore, individuals have different pharmacokinetics and drug responses, particularly in the context of combined therapies, which exacerbates the challenge of universal TDM targets. This focused review examines the origins and limitations of existing TDM reference intervals for common drugs, providing targets where possible based on available guidelines.
Complement systems C4, C3 and CH50 not subject to a circadian rhythm
Authors: Lung Thomas , Matozan Katja , Risch Martin , Sakem Benjamin , Nydegger Urs E. , Risch Lorenz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:The circadian fluctuations in the blood levels of selected components of the complement system are ill-defined. Some authors found nadir serum levels of C4 and C3 components, together with C3a at nighttime, while others reported insomnia when pro-inflammatory components exhibited increased serum levels. In this study, we quantitatively estimate the morning and evening daytime serum levels of CH50, C4, C3, put into context with C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH)vitamin D at 07:00 A.M. and at 07:00 P.M.Methods:Seven healthy adult women and 11 men who were voluntary participants agreed to a fasting venipuncture in the morning after having normally eaten through the day and in the evening. The C4 and C3 serum levels were measured on a Cobas (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland) modular analyzer, CH50 was estimated using the COMPL300 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of Wieslab (Malmö, Sweden). CRP, 25(OH)vitamin D, PTH and cortisol concentrations were assessed with electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) on the Roche Cobas 6000 platform; IgG was measured using nephelometry (Siemens, Germany).Results:With the exception of higher PTH levels in the evening [3.12–5.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)] compared to the morning (2.93–4.65, 95% CI), the mean and median values of C4, C3, CH50 as well as CRP, PTH and 25(OH)vitamin D fell within the established reference intervals. Cortisol levels were measured as an internal positive control for diurnal fluctuations (morning: 294–522 nmol/L, 95% CI; evening: 106–136 nmol/L, 95% CI).Conclusions:The concentrations of the assessed complement components C4 and C3 as well as CH50 surrogate assay did not yield significantly different values between early morning and evening. This does not exclude their participation in the circadian metabolome; this pilot study with healthy participants suggests that patients with an autoimmune disease in remission can give their blood samples independently during daytime with or without fasting.
Preparation of low-cost carbon fiber precursors from blends of wheat straw lignin and commercial textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Authors: Jiang Xuefeng , Ouyang Qin , Liu Dapeng , Huang Jing , Ma Hongbo , Chen Yousi , Wang Xuefei , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Low-cost precursor fibers (PFs) were prepared from blends of a wheat straw lignin (WSL) and a commercial textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by wet spinning, and then the precursors were converted into carbon fibers (CFs) by thermal stabilization and carbonization. The PFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The lignin content in the blends was found to play an important role in the PF structure, which was closely related to the change of intermolecular forces in the spinning solution. The lignin, acting as the carboxylic acid comonomer, had significantly promoted the thermal stabilization of the lignin/PAN blend PFs, which helped to further decrease the production cost of CFs. With increasing lignin contents, the carbon content of CFs remained at about 95%. The carbon of lignin could be utilized for the preparation of CFs.
Antisolvent precipitation of hemicelluloses, lignosulfonates and their complexes from ultrafiltrated spent sulfite liquor (SSL)
Authors: Al-Rudainy Basel , Galbe Mats , Schagerlöf Herje , Wallberg Ola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe possibility of precipitating high molecular weight (MW) softwood hemicelluloses has been investigated. Solids were precipitated from a sodium-based spent sulfite liquor with the anti-solvents acetone, ethanol and methanol and the effects of solute concentration, pH and temperature on the precipitation were studied. The product yield, degree of separation, MW and structure of the different fractions were determined using gravimetric analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR). A direct correlation was found between the dielectric constant (also called relative permittivity) of the bulk solution and the yield of precipitants, based on which the separation of the solutes was predictable. The highest yield and degree of separation observed was an intercept around 76% with 47.5% acetone, which was the most efficient anti-solvent.