bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cell-centred pressure-correction scheme for the compressible Euler equations
Authors: Herbin Raphaèle , Latché Jean-Claude , Zaza Chady 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We propose a robust pressure-correction scheme for the numerical solution of the compressible Euler equations discretized by a collocated finite volume method. The scheme is based on an internal energy formulation, which ensures that the internal energy is positive. More generally, the scheme enjoys fundamental stability properties: without restriction on the time step, both the density and the internal energy are positive, the integral of the total energy over the computational domain is preserved thanks to an estimate on the discrete kinetic energy and a discrete entropy inequality is satisfied. These stability properties ensure the existence of a solution to the scheme. The internal energy balance features a corrective source term, which is needed for the scheme to compute the correct shock solutions; we are indeed able to prove a Lax-consistency-type convergence result, in the sense that, under some compactness assumptions, the limit of a converging sequence of approximate solutions obtained with space and time discretization steps tending to zero is an entropy weak solution of the Euler equations. Moreover, constant pressure and velocity are preserved through contact discontinuities. The obtained theoretical results and the scheme accuracy are verified by numerical experiments; a numerical stabilization is introduced in order to reduce the oscillations that appear for some tests. The qualitative behaviour of the scheme is assessed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional Riemann problems and compared with other schemes.
In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of fexinidazole against New World Leishmania species
Authors: de Morais-Teixeira Eliane , Rabello Ana , Aguiar Marta Marques Gontijo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of fexinidazole against the main species that cause visceral and cutaneous New World leishmaniasis.

Methods
The inhibitory concentrations of fexinidazole against Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in amastigotes were determined by in vitro activity assays. For the in vivo evaluation, animals were infected with L. (L.) infantum chagasi, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis or Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and divided into groups: (i) control; and (ii) treated with oral fexinidazole, from 50 to 300 mg/kg/day. For cutaneous leishmaniasis, the size of the lesion was determined weekly after the beginning of the treatment. Upon completion, parasites were recovered from the spleen and liver, or skin lesion and spleen, and evaluated by a limiting dilution assay.

Results
All Leishmania isolates were susceptible to fexinidazole in the in vitro assays. The viable parasites in the liver and spleen were reduced with 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively, for L. (L.) infantum chagasi. For the species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, the viable parasites in lesions and the size of the lesions were reduced, starting from 200 mg/kg/day. The viable parasites in the spleen were also reduced with 200 and 300 mg/kg/day for L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis.

Conclusions
Considering the defined parameters, fexinidazole showed in vitro and in vivo activity against all tested species. This drug may represent an alternative treatment for the New World species.
Inhalation Injury: Unmet Clinical Needs and Future Research
Authors: Dyamenahalli Kiran , Garg Gaurav , Shupp Jeffrey W , Kuprys Paulius V , Choudhry Mashkoor A , Kovacs Elizabeth J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Pulmonary and systemic insults from inhalation injury can complicate the care of burn patients and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. However, recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of inhalation injury has not kept pace with the care of cutaneous thermal injury. There are many challenges unique to inhalation injury that have slowed advancement, including deficiencies in our understanding of its pathophysiology, the relative difficulty and subjectivity of bronchoscopic diagnosis, the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, the necessarily urgent manner in which decisions are made about intubation, and the lack of universal recommendations for the application of mucolytics, anticoagulants, bronchodilators, modified ventilator strategies, and other measures. This review represents a summary of critical shortcomings in our understanding and management of inhalation injury identified by the American Burn Association’s working group on Cutaneous Thermal Injury and Inhalation Injury in 2018. It addresses our current understanding of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of inhalation injury and highlights topics in need of additional research, including 1) airway repair mechanisms; 2) the airway microbiome in health and after injury; and 3) candidate biomarkers of inhalation injury.
Predictive Biomarkers for Acute Kidney Injury in Burn Patients
Authors: Emami Amir , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Rajaee Mahrokh , Pirbonyeh Neda , Keshavarzi Abdolkhalegh , Fotouhi Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent and complicated risk factor in burn patients, which cause high mortality and morbidity rate. Diagnosing the biomarkers and early detection of AKI may be helpful in treatment and control the stability of these patients. In this study, we aim to identify predictive biomarkers in order to prevent AKI incidence and sudden death in burn victims. In this retrospective study, 258 burn patients who were admitted to burn center in Shiraz, Iran were evaluated during January 2016 to February 2018. Demographic characteristics, biochemical biomarkers, length of hospital stay, and mortality information were obtained from patient registries program and evaluated the biomarkers in identifying AKI patients into early and late groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to diagnose the performance of biomarkers in order to predict the AKI. Of 258 patients, 40 (15.50%) were detected as AKI, with estimated mortality rate of 76.9%. Among all the variables, total BSA (P = .01), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P = .001), potassium (P = .02), and mortality (P = .03) were significantly different in AKI developing. Moreover, AUC of serum creatinin, albumin, and BUN as predictive biomarkers were 0.73, 0.44, and 0.707, respectively. Among all variables, BUN marker was independently associated with AKI developing. Following burn shock, AKI is a common complication that causes increasing mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and identifying the biomarkers is preventing sudden death in burn patients and develop appropriate treatments in these victims.
The Securitization Dilemma
Authors: Van Rythoven Eric 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Motivated by the neglect of uncertainty and perverse consequences in constructivist studies of security, this article pursues a reconceptualization of the security dilemma. Approaching the dilemma as a “logic of self-limitation” constituted by choice, uncertainty, and tragedy, the article explores how this logic can be transposed to the constructivist context of securitization theory. The resulting “securitization dilemma” draws renewed attention to the unintended character of social life, highlights how the choice to engage in practices of threat construction are shaped by uncertainty, and shows how the failure to recognize these limitations can have tragic consequences. While the argument aims to broaden the empirical focus of securitization studies to include perverse and unintended consequences, it also looks to engage with the literature's distinctive ethical claim over how speaking security is never a neutral act. Political actors may well be responsible for the security claims they make, but we need to recognize that this responsibility includes the effects of security claims that actors anticipate, as well as those they do not.
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol metabolism in aluminum-induced malate secretion in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Liujie , Sadhukhan Ayan , Kobayashi Yuriko , Ogo Naohisa , Tokizawa Mutsutomo , Agrahari Raj Kishan , Ito Hiroki , Iuchi Satoshi , Kobayashi Masatomo , Asai Akira , Koyama Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo identify the upstream signaling of aluminum-induced malate secretion through aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (AtALMT1), a pharmacological assay using inhibitors of human signal transduction pathways was performed. Early aluminum-induced transcription of AtALMT1 and other aluminum-responsive genes was significantly suppressed by phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) and phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors, indicating that the PI4K–PLC metabolic pathway activates early aluminum signaling. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI4K reduced aluminum-activated malate transport by AtALMT1, suggesting that both the PI3K and PI4K metabolic pathways regulate this process. These results were validated using T-DNA insertion mutants of PI4K and PI3K-RNAi lines. A human protein kinase inhibitor, putatively inhibiting homologous calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase and/or Ca-dependent protein kinase in Arabidopsis, suppressed late-phase aluminum-induced expression of AtALMT1, which was concomitant with the induction of an AtALMT1 repressor, WRKY46, and suppression of an AtALMT1 activator, Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 2 (CAMTA2). In addition, a human deubiquitinase inhibitor suppressed aluminum-activated malate transport, suggesting that deubiquitinases can regulate this process. We also found a reduction of aluminum-induced citrate secretion in tobacco by applying inhibitors of PI3K and PI4K. Taken together, our results indicated that phosphatidylinositol metabolism regulates organic acid secretion in plants under aluminum stress.
High-speed photometry of faint cataclysmic variables – IX. Targets from multiple transient surveys
Authors: Paterson K , Woudt P A , Warner B , Breytenbach H , Gilligan C K , Motsoaledi M , Thorstensen J R , Worters H L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present high-speed photometric observations of 25 cataclysmic variables detected by the All Sky Automated Search for Super-Novae, the Mobile Astronomical System of the TElescope-Robot, and the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey. From these observations we determine 16 new orbital periods and 1 new superhump period. Two systems (ASASSN-14ik and ASASSN-14ka) have outburst periods of approximately 1 month, with a third (ASASSN-14hv) having outbursts approximately every 2 months. Included in the sample are 11 eclipsing systems, one probable intermediate polar (ASASSN-15fm), 1 SW Sex-type star (MLS 0720+17), 1 WZ Sge-type star (ASASSN-17fz), and one system showing different photometric and spectroscopic periods (ASASSN-15kw).
ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf
Authors: Riaz B , Machida M N , Stamatellos D 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the observational evidence of a pseudo-disc around the proto-brown dwarf Mayrit 1701117, the driving source of the large-scale HH 1165 jet. Our analysis is based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12CO (2–1) line and 1.37 mm continuum observations at an angular resolution of ∼0.4 arcsec. The pseudo-disc is a bright feature in the CO position–velocity diagram, elongated in a direction perpendicular to the jet axis, with a total (gas+dust) mass of ∼0.02 M$\odot$, size of 165–192 au, and a velocity spread of ±2 km s−1. The large velocity gradient is a combination of infalling and rotational motions, indicating a contribution from a pseudo-disc and an unresolved inner Keplerian disc. There is weak emission detected in the H2CO (3–2) and N2D+ (3–2) lines. H2CO emission likely probes the inner Keplerian disc where CO is expected to be frozen, while N2D+ possibly originates from an enhanced clump at the outer edge of the pseudo-disc. We have considered various models (core collapse, disc fragmentation, circumbinary disc) that can fit both the observed CO spectrum and the position–velocity offsets. The observed morphology, velocity structure, and the physical dimensions of the pseudo-disc are consistent with the predictions from the core collapse simulations for brown dwarf formation. From the best model fit, we can constrain the age of the proto-brown dwarf system to be ∼30 000–40 000 yr. A comparison of the H2 column density derived from the CO line and 1.37 mm continuum emission indicates that only about 2 per cent of the CO is depleted from the gas phase.
The unbiased frequency of planetary signatures around single and binary white dwarfs using Spitzer and Hubble
Authors: Wilson Thomas G , Farihi Jay , Gänsicke Boris T , Swan Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents combined Spitzer IRAC and Hubble COS results for a double-blind survey of 195 single and 22 wide binary white dwarfs for infrared excesses and atmospheric metals. The selection criteria include cooling ages in the range 9 to 300 Myr, and hydrogen-rich atmospheres so that the presence of atmospheric metals can be confidently linked to ongoing accretion from a circumstellar disc. The entire sample has infrared photometry, whereas 168 targets have corresponding ultraviolet spectra. Three stars with infrared excesses due to debris discs are recovered, yielding a nominal frequency of $1.5_{-0.5}^{+1.5}$ per cent, while in stark contrast, the fraction of stars with atmospheric metals is 45 ± 4 per cent. Thus, only one out of 30 polluted white dwarfs exhibits an infrared excess at 3–4 $\mu$m in IRAC photometry, which reinforces the fact that atmospheric metal pollution is the most sensitive tracer of white dwarf planetary systems. The corresponding fraction of infrared excesses around white dwarfs with wide binary companions is consistent with zero, using both the infrared survey data and an independent assessment of potential binarity for well-established dusty and polluted stars. In contrast, the frequency of atmospheric pollution among the targets in wide binaries is indistinct from apparently single stars, and moreover the multiplicity of polluted white dwarfs in a complete and volume-limited sample is the same as for field stars. Therefore, it appears that the delivery of planetesimal material on to white dwarfs is ultimately not driven by stellar companions, but by the dynamics of planetary bodies.
Reducing activity-induced variations in a radial-velocity time series of the Sun as a star
Authors: Lanza A F , Collier Cameron A , Haywood R D 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The radial velocity (RV) of the Sun as a star is affected by its surface convection and magnetic activity. The moments of the cross-correlation function between the solar spectrum and a binary line mask contain information about the stellar RV and line-profile distortions caused by stellar activity. As additional indicators, we consider the disc-averaged magnetic flux and the filling factor of the magnetic regions. Here we show that the activity-induced radial-velocity fluctuations are reduced when we apply a kernel regression to these activity indicators. The disc-averaged magnetic flux proves to be the best activity proxy over a time-scale of one month and gives a standard deviation of the regression residuals of 1.04 m s−1, more than a factor of 2.8 smaller than the standard deviation of the original RV fluctuations. This result has been achieved thanks to the high-cadence and time continuity of the observations that simultaneously sample both the RV and the activity proxies.
Orbital relaxation and excitation of planets tidally interacting with white dwarfs
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Efroimsky Michael , Makarov Valeri V , Boué Gwenaël , Wolthoff Vera , Reffert Sabine , Quirrenbach Andreas , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Gänsicke Boris T 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Observational evidence of white dwarf planetary systems is dominated by the remains of exo-asteroids through accreted metals, debris discs, and orbiting planetesimals. However, exo-planets in these systems play crucial roles as perturbing agents, and can themselves be perturbed close to the white dwarf Roche radius. Here, we illustrate a procedure for computing the tidal interaction between a white dwarf and a near-spherical solid planet. This method determines the planet’s inward and/or outward drift, and whether the planet will reach the Roche radius and be destroyed. We avoid constant tidal lag formulations and instead employ the self-consistent secular Darwin–Kaula expansions from Boué & Efroimsky (2019), which feature an arbitrary frequency dependence on the quality functions. We adopt wide ranges of dynamic viscosities and spin rates for the planet in order to straddle many possible outcomes, and provide a foundation for the future study of individual systems with known or assumed rheologies. We find that (i) massive Super-Earths are destroyed more readily than minor planets (such as the ones orbiting WD 1145+017 and SDSS J1228+1040), (ii) low-viscosity planets are destroyed more easily than high-viscosity planets, and (iii) the boundary between survival and destruction is likely to be fractal and chaotic.
EpiAlign: an alignment-based bioinformatic tool for comparing chromatin state sequences
Authors: Ge Xinzhou , Zhang Haowen , Xie Lingjue , Li Wei Vivian , Kwon Soo Bin , Li Jingyi Jessica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe availability of genome-wide epigenomic datasets enables in-depth studies of epigenetic modifications and their relationships with chromatin structures and gene expression. Various alignment tools have been developed to align nucleotide or protein sequences in order to identify structurally similar regions. However, there are currently no alignment methods specifically designed for comparing multi-track epigenomic signals and detecting common patterns that may explain functional or evolutionary similarities. We propose a new local alignment algorithm, EpiAlign, designed to compare chromatin state sequences learned from multi-track epigenomic signals and to identify locally aligned chromatin regions. EpiAlign is a dynamic programming algorithm that novelly incorporates varying lengths and frequencies of chromatin states. We demonstrate the efficacy of EpiAlign through extensive simulations and studies on the real data from the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics project. EpiAlign is able to extract recurrent chromatin state patterns along a single epigenome, and many of these patterns carry cell-type-specific characteristics. EpiAlign can also detect common chromatin state patterns across multiple epigenomes, and it will serve as a useful tool to group and distinguish epigenomic samples based on genome-wide or local chromatin state patterns.
BDNF, COMT, and DRD2 polymorphisms and ability to return to work in adult patients with low- and high-grade glioma
Authors: Altshuler David B , Wang Lin , Zhao Lili , Miklja Zachary , Linzey Joey , Brezzell Amanda , Kakaizada Sofia , Krishna Saritha , Orringer Daniel A , Briceño Emily M , Gabel Nicolette , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive and language dysfunction is common among patients with glioma and has a significant impact on survival and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Little is known about the factors that make individual patients more or less susceptible to the cognitive sequelae of the disease. A better understanding of the individual and population characteristics related to cognitive function in glioma patients is required to appropriately stratify patients, prognosticate, and develop more efficacious treatment regimens. There is evidence that allelic variation among genes involved in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity are related to neurocognitive performance in states of health and neurologic disease.MethodsWe studied the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism variations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, rs6265), dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2, rs1076560), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT, rs4680) with neurocognitive function and ability to return to work in glioma patients at diagnosis and at 3 months. We developed a functional score based on the number of high-performance alleles that correlates with the capacity for patients to return to work.ResultsPatients with higher-performing alleles have better scores on neurocognitive testing with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and Stroop test, but not the Trail Making Test.ConclusionsA better understanding of the genetic contributors to neurocognitive performance in glioma patients and capacity for functional recovery is necessary to develop improved treatment strategies based on patient-specific factors.
Nicotine Self-Administration With Tobacco Flavor Additives in Male Rats
Authors: Palmatier Matthew I , Smith Amanda L , Odineal Ethan M , Williams Emily A , Sheppard Ashley B , Bradley Curtis A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine can robustly increase responding for conditioned reinforcers (CRs), stimuli that acquire reinforcing properties based on association with primary reinforcers. Menthol and licorice are tobacco flavoring agents also found in sweet foods (eg, candy and ice cream), making them putative CRs before they are consumed in tobacco. We sought to determine if intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine was enhanced by the inclusion of oral tobacco flavor CRs.

Methods
Menthol (160 or 320 µM) or licorice root extract (0.1% or 1%) were established as CRs (paired with 20% sucrose) or “neutral” stimuli (paired with water) in separate groups. During subsequent IVSA tests, nicotine was delivered in conjunction with oral presentations of the CR.

Results
In experiment 1, a menthol CR significantly shifted the peak nicotine dose from 15 µg/kg/infusion (Neutral group) to 3.25 µg/kg/infusion (CR group). In experiment 2, a menthol CR significantly increased operant licks for nicotine (3 µg/kg/infusion) relative to control groups. In experiment 3, both licorice and menthol CRs significantly increased operant licks for nicotine (7.5 µg/kg/infusion) relative to an “inactive” sipper. The licorice CR increased nicotine IVSA in proportion to the strength of the flavor, but both menthol concentrations increased nicotine IVSA to a similar extent.

Conclusion
Tobacco flavor additives with conditioned reinforcing properties promote acquisition of nicotine self-administration at low unit doses and may have robust impact on tobacco consumption when nicotine yield is low.

Implications
Tobacco flavor additives are found in rewarding foods (eg, ice cream) and gain palatability based on associations with primary rewards (eg, sugar) making them “conditioned reinforcers.” Nicotine increases the motivation for flavor conditioned reinforcers and the present studies show that tobacco flavor additives can interact with nicotine to promote more nicotine self-administration. The interaction between flavors additives and nicotine may promote nicotine exposure and subsequently dependence.