bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Évolution de la place de l’animal et des points de vue sur son élevage dans la société française : quels enjeux pour la recherche agronomique ?
Authors: FOSTIER Alexis 
Published: October 2019

Plusieurs travaux sociologiques ont permis d’identifier des sujets de contestation des élevages en France. Cette contestation s’accompagne d’une baisse de la consommation moyenne par habitant des produits carnés, à l’exception de la volaille, avec une évolution des comportements alimentaires. Sans nier les effets du prix des produits carnés et du revenu des ménages sur les décisions d’achat des consommateurs, nous nous intéressons ici à d’autres éléments pouvant influencer les points de vue des citoyens sur les élevages. Avec quelques repères historiques, l’évolution de la place de l’animal dans la société est examinée. Sont ensuite passés en revue : poids économique de l’élevage, conditions d’élevage et de mise à mort de l’animal, débats philosophiques, choix religieux, choix alimentaires, choix culturels, coexistence des animaux et des citadins, intérêt des médias pour l’animal et son élevage, militantisme. Pour finir, nous évoquons brièvement les pistes explorées par la recherche agronomique, que ce soit au niveau de l’évolution des systèmes d’élevage et de leurs impacts négatifs et positifs, ou au niveau de la biologie de l’animal. Des données génériques sont acquises à ces différents niveaux et des approches interdisciplinaires sont développées pour mieux appréhender des phénomènes complexes et proposer des innovations. Enfin, plusieurs méthodologies sont utilisées pour différents types d’évaluation à différentes échelles permettant d’affiner les diagnostics, d’anticiper les conséquences d’une innovation technologique, de repérer objectivement les progrès ou les retards par rapport à des objectifs d’amélioration des systèmes, et aussi d’aborder la question des impacts de la recherche en agriculture sur la société.
Les performances économiques de l’élevage européen : de la « compétitivité coût » à la « compétitivité hors coût
Authors: CHATELLIER Vincent , DUPRAZ Pierre 
Published: October 2019

L’Union Européenne (UE) occupe, et depuis longtemps, une place importante dans les activités d’élevage à l’échelle internationale, tant en termes de production que de participation aux échanges. En dépit d’un puissant mouvement de restructuration, imputable surtout aux gains de productivité des facteurs, l’élevage européen rassemble des exploitations agricoles encore très hétérogènes en termes de combinaisons productives, de taille, de structuration sociale, d’intensification et de performances économiques. Pour en rendre compte, et partant des données du Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole (RICA), une analyse de la diversité des situations structurelles et économiques est conduite pour les exploitations spécialisées dans les productions de lait, de viande bovine et de granivores (porcs et volailles), ce pour les dix Etats membres de l’UE les plus productifs en productions animales. Cette étape est un préalable nécessaire à la réflexion qui s’engage ensuite sur les principaux leviers de la performance économique des productions animales européennes. Deux types de leviers sont alors distingués. Le premier concerne la « compétitivité coût ». Il aborde successivement les substitutions entre facteurs de production, les économies d’échelle, la concentration géographique des productions, la structuration des filières et l’influence des politiques agricoles. Le second concerne la compétitivité hors coût. Il traite de la qualité sanitaire des productions animales, de la différenciation des produits et des processus de production et des conditions de la captation de la valeur induite par les producteurs.
Intégrer les changements d’échelle pour améliorer l’efficience des productions animales et réduire les rejets
Authors: FAVERDIN Philippe , VAN MILGEN Jaap 
Published: October 2019

L’élevage est soumis à des défis considérables pour s’adapter au problème de compétition sur les ressources, notamment alimentaires, et aux problèmes environnementaux. L’amélioration de l’efficience de conversion des ressources alimentaires en produits animaux est une voie importante susceptible de répondre simultanément aux deux enjeux. Cette revue définit cette notion d’efficience en la plaçant dans le cadre plus global du triangle de la performance : pertinence, efficience et efficacité. Elle montre l’importance de mettre en perspective ces questions d’efficience alimentaire des animaux en abordant la question du changement d’échelle. Dans les secteurs de production de viande et de lait, elle fait le point sur les travaux conduits pour améliorer l’efficience à la fois par la sélection d’animaux capables de mieux transformer les aliments en produits animaux et par une conduite alimentaire plus précise et mieux équilibrée. Elle évoque les principales avancées pour réduire les émissions à risques pour l’environnement. Raisonner l’efficience alimentaire et les émissions de rejets à l’échelle de l’animal pour la production de lait ou de viande offre des perspectives de progrès importants, mais ne garantit pas toujours une amélioration de l’efficience à une échelle plus globale ni une réduction des impacts sur l’environnement. Il faut donc bien prendre soin de vérifier que les stratégies proposées sont efficaces et permettent d’atteindre les objectifs recherchés avec des indicateurs appropriés. La prise en compte des effets du changement d’échelle pour améliorer la performance globale est un vrai nouveau défi pour la recherche.
Élevage et territoires : quelles interactions et quelles questions ?
Authors: LASSEUR Jacques , BONAUDO Thierry , CHOISIS Jean-Philippe , HOUDART Marie , NAPOLÉONE Martine , TICHIT † Muriel , DEDIEU Benoît 
Published: October 2019

Les leviers susceptibles de conforter la durabilité de l’élevage concernent i) la capacité du système considéré à se maintenir en conservant ses capacités productives et en renouvelant les ressources dont ils dépend, en répondant aux enjeux économiques et de filières : l’efficience est alors au centre des évaluations ; ii) la capacité de l’activité d’élevage à intégrer au-delà de ses intérêts propres celle d’un ensemble des porteurs d’enjeux qui l’environnent : les interactions à l’échelle des territoires sont alors au centre des analyses. A partir de l’analyse transversale de travaux associant l’agronomie – zootechnie, la géographie et la sociologie sur des terrains français et étrangers nous identifions trois dimensions particulières pour les recherches concernant les interactions élevage et territoire : i) la mesure des impacts des activités sur des espaces continus, ii) l’analyse de la diversité des activités permettant de relier « local et global », et iii) l’étude des interactions entre acteurs d’un territoire pour favoriser l’émergence d’innovation renforçant la durabilité territoriale. Cinq études de cas illustrent ces défis actuels de la recherche sur les interactions élevage et territoire en ce que ces approches amènent aux débats sur le futur des recherches sur l’élevage. Les recherches conduites sur le territoire sont en tension sur un gradient tiré d’une part vers des mesures d’objectivation de l’impact des activités humaines dans un contexte de changement global et d’autre part vers une compréhension, intégrant toute la subjectivité des acteurs de ce sur quoi l’élevage est attendu à l’avenir. Il ne s’agit pas pour nous d’opposer ces orientations de recherche mais, de faire jouer leurs complémentarités en les situant dans un nouveau courant de recherche qui s’intéresse aux « transitions territoriales » c’est à dire aux cadres théoriques et aux outillages qui permettent d’accompagner les acteurs d’un territoire dans un processus de changement.
Evaluation of Muhammadiyah Waqf Assets Utilization in Magelang Regency
Authors: Medias Fahmi , Pratiwi Eko Kurniasih 
Published: October 2019

<em>This article aims to evaluate the utilization of Muhammadiyah waqf assets in Magelang Regency and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in utilizing the assets. This research is expected to become a framework or model for nazhir waqf, which in this case are Muhammadiyah Leaders in Magelang Regency, either from regional/regency level, branch/district level, village, and Muhammadiyah business, in managing and utilizing the waqf assets. The data for this research was collected by in-depth interview, observation on the waqf assets and documentation study, which was then analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that Muhammadiyah leaders of Magelang regency were able to collect waqf assets in form cash of Rp. 156.000.000, - and 415 plots of land spread over 21 sub districts in Magelang regency. The collected assets then were used in developing the field of worship by 20.75%, health by 3.6% and education by 49.55% and social by 26.13%. The utilization of waqf assets had not been aimed at productive sector in the community’s economy and most of them were led to consumptive sector. It was caused by the lack of socialization of nazhir waqf to the community and the community’s perspective that considers waqf was only in consumptive form.</em>
Efficacy of Multimodal Analgesic Injections in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures
Authors: Hancock Kyle John , Rice Olivia M. , Anthony Chris A. , Glass Natalie , Hogue Matthew , Karam Matthew , Marsh J. Lawrence , Willey Michael C. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Pain management following surgical treatment of an ankle fracture is an under-studied area of clinical practice. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a multimodal surgical-site injection as an adjunct to postoperative pain management in patients with an operatively treated, closed, rotational ankle fracture.

Methods:
Patients indicated for operative fixation of a rotational ankle fracture were randomized to receive multimodal surgical-site injection (ropivacaine 200 mg, epinephrine 0.6 mg, and morphine 5 mg) or no injection (control). Visual analog scale (VAS) pain and opioid consumption data were collected every 4 hours until discharge from the hospital. Length of stay and discharge destination were recorded. Patients were sent automated text messages to report VAS pain and opioid usage during the first 2 weeks after discharge.

Results:
One hundred patients (49 injection and 51 control) were enrolled. Demographic data were similar between the 2 groups. Mean VAS scores over the first 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were slightly lower in the injection group (42 ± 3 and 41 ± 3, respectively) compared with the control group (52 ± 3 and 50 ± 3, respectively; p = 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). The median opioid usage, in terms of morphine equivalent dose, was similar over the first 24 hours between the injection group (25.5; range, 0 to 74.7) and the control group (28.3; range, 2.5 to 91.0; p = 0.35). The median opioid usage from recovery room admission to discharge was also similar between the injection group (29.0; range, 0 to 85.3) and the control group (32.7; range, 4.3 to 215.0; p = 0.35). There were no differences in outpatient VAS scores or opioid consumption during the first 2 weeks postoperatively as assessed with use of automated text messaging. Median length of stay was 22.3 hours (range, 1.7 to 182.3 hours) for the injection group and 22.5 hours (range, 2.2 to 123.3 hours) for the control group (p = 0.71). The response rate for the post-discharge automated text messages was 85.1%. Complication rates were similar.

Conclusions:
The use of multimodal surgical-site injections in operatively treated rotational ankle fractures is associated with a reduction in immediate in-hospital pain scores that is statistically significant but below the minimal clinically important difference.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures with Head-Split Component
Authors: Peters Paulina-Maria , Plachel Fabian , Danzinger Victor , Novi Michele , Märdian Sven , Scheibel Markus , Moroder Philipp 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Head-split fractures are a subgroup of proximal humeral fractures in which the fracture line affects the articular surface. Limited data are available regarding outcomes and risk factors for failure following surgical treatment of this rare fracture type.

Methods:
Of 45 patients with head-split fractures identified, a total of 30 (67%) were included in this retrospective study, with a mean follow-up of 49 ± 18 months (range, 12 to 83 months). Of those 30, 24 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 4 with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), and 2 with hemiarthroplasty. Subjective Shoulder Value, Simple Shoulder Test, Constant score, and biplanar radiographs were assessed. Fracture pattern, quality of reduction, eventual complications, revision procedures, and clinical failure (adjusted Constant score < 40) were analyzed, and risk factors for failure were calculated.

Results:
The overall complication rate was 83% (ORIF: 21 of 24 [88%]; RTSA: 3 of 4 [75%]; and hemiarthroplasty: 1 of 2 [50%]). The most common complications following ORIF were humeral head osteonecrosis (42%), malunion of the lesser tuberosity (33%), and screw protrusion (29%), whereas all complications following RTSA were related to tuberosity problems. Revision was performed in 7 of 24 (29%) of initial ORIF patients, and no revisions were performed in RTSA or hemiarthroplasty patients. Four patients (17%) who underwent primary ORIF underwent conversion to RTSA, and 3 patients (12.5%) had screw removal due to penetration. The overall clinical failure rate was 50% (ORIF: 12 of 24 [50%]; RTSA: 1 of 4 [25%]; and hemiarthroplasty: 2 of 2 [100%]). No significant association was found between preoperative factors and clinical failure. ORIF and primary RTSA showed higher average clinical outcome scores than primary hemiarthroplasty and secondary RTSA. In general, patients who required revision had worse Subjective Shoulder Value (p = 0.014), Simple Shoulder Test (p = 0.028), and adjusted Constant scores (p = 0.069).

Conclusions:
Head-split fractures of the humerus treated with ORIF showed high complication and revision rates. RTSA resulted in comparable clinical outcomes and complication rates; however, the complications associated with RTSA were mostly related to tuberosity problems, which in this small series did not require revision. Therefore, RTSA may be the most predictable treatment option for head-split fractures in elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence.
Natural Language Processing for the Identification of Surgical Site Infections in Orthopaedics
Authors: Thirukumaran Caroline P. , Zaman Anis , Rubery Paul T. , Calabria Casey , Li Yue , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Bakhsh Wajeeh R. , Kautz Henry 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The identification of surgical site infections for infection surveillance in hospitals depends on the manual abstraction of medical records and, for research purposes, depends mainly on the use of administrative or claims data. The objective of this study was to determine whether automating the abstraction process with natural language processing (NLP)-based models that analyze the free-text notes of the medical record can identify surgical site infections with predictive abilities that match the manual abstraction process and that surpass surgical site infection identification from administrative data.

Methods:
We used surgical site infection surveillance data compiled by the infection prevention team to identify surgical site infections among patients undergoing orthopaedic surgical procedures at a tertiary care academic medical center from 2011 to 2017. We compiled a list of keywords suggestive of surgical site infections, and we used NLP to identify occurrences of these keywords and their grammatical variants in the free-text notes of the medical record. The key outcome was a binary indicator of whether a surgical site infection occurred. We estimated 7 incremental multivariable logistic regression models using a combination of administrative and NLP-derived variables. We split the analytic cohort into training (80%) and testing data sets (20%), and we used a tenfold cross-validation approach. The main analytic cohort included 172 surgical site infection cases and 200 controls that were repeatedly and randomly selected from a pool of 1,407 controls.

Results:
For Model 1 (variables from administrative data only), the sensitivity was 68% and the positive predictive value was 70%; for Model 4 (with NLP 5-grams [distinct sequences of 5 contiguous words] from the medical record), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%; and for Model 7 (a combination of Models 1 and 4), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%. Thus, NLP-based models identified 97% of surgical site infections identified by manual abstraction with high precision and 43% more surgical site infections compared with models that used administrative data only.

Conclusions:
Models that used NLP keywords achieved predictive abilities that were comparable with the manual abstraction process and were superior to models that used administrative data only. NLP has the potential to automate and aid accurate surgical site infection identification and, thus, play an important role in their prevention.

Clinical Relevance:
This study examines NLP’s potential to automate the identification of surgical site infections. This automation can potentially aid the prevention and early identification of these surgical complications, thereby reducing their adverse clinical and economic impact.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Wells in Shale Oil Reservoirs with Complex Hydraulic Fracture Networks Based on Numerical Approach
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Liu Hui , Liao Xinwei , Zhao Xiaoliang , Tang Xuefeng , Meng Meiling 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Due to the complexity of shale reservoir geology, hydraulic and micro-fractures can be coupled into an extremely complex symmetrical or asymmetrical fracture network around vertically fractured wells (VFW) after fracturing. The important and useful work is to analyze the transient pressure response of the VFW, to more accurately predict the productivity of VFW. In this paper, a numerical method to accurately simulate the complex fracture network geometry and analyze the transient pressure responses of the VFW, due to the complexity of the fracture network geometry. The results show a longer fracture length on one side causes a smaller pressure depletion, a shorter bilinear flow, and a deeper and longer the degree of "dip". The more fractures on one side can lead to a greater degree of "dip" and a smaller pressure depletion. With the fracture conductivity on the right side increases, while that in other side remains constant value, it results in a shorter bilinear flow, a deeper and longer the degree of "dip", a smaller pressure depletion, and a weaker bi-radial flow (BRF). In addition, it is found that flow regimes affected by magnitude of fracture networks are mainly bi-linear flow (BLF), "dip" and BRF. The pressure behaviors between asymmetrical fracture networks and symmetrical fracture networks are mainly in the periods of BLF, "dip", and BRF. Through analyzing the transient pressure responses of the VFW, the parameters of the complex fracture network can be well predicted, so that the productivity of the VFW can be estimated more accurately.
Pursuing Improved Flowback Recovery after Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Cai Yuzhe , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low injected fracturing fluid recovery has been an issue during flowback period that is highly impacted by the fracture closure behavior. Although existing flowback models consider fracture closure volumetrically, they do not represent the true situation of non-uniform fracture closure. In this paper, we proposed a coupled geomechanics and fluid flow model for early-time flowback in shale oil reservoirs. The fluid flow model is coupled with an elastic fracture closure model through finite element methods. In this study, three stages are modeled: fracture propagation, well shut-in and flowback. Cohesive Zone Method (CZM) has been used for modeling fracture propagation. The presented model distinguished the propped part from the unpropped part of the fracture. At the beginning of flowback, the proppants may not be completely compacted in early shut-in time. Thus, permeability evolution during closure is tracked using a smooth permeability transition function. The numerical results have shown that fracture closure during the flowback period is often not uniform. While the uniform fracture closure leads to maximum fracturing fluid recovery, an aggressive pressure drawdown strategy may damage fracture connectivity to the wellbore. An integrated flowback model enables modelling nonuniform fracture closure in a complex fracture network. This study highlights that by choke/pressure drawdown management, operators can influence fluid recovery and even maintain high fracture conductivity. Furthermore, the methodology presented in the paper can also be used for inverse analysis on early flowback data.