bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You ain’t got principle, you ain’t got nothing
Authors: Hackert Stephanie , Laube Alexander 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the system of verbal negation in Bahamian Creole and relates it to the respective systems of historically connected varieties in North America, i.e. contemporary as well as earlier varieties of African American Vernacular English and Gullah. Building on a corpus of roughly 98,000 words, the study provides a variable analysis of the all-purpose negatorain’tand its competitors and offers some remarks on invariantdon’t, negative concord, and the preverbal past-tense negatornever. It shows that in particular the syntactic and temporal distribution ofain’t, which have repeatedly been discussed in connection with the debate about the origins of African American Vernacular English, reveal striking similarities between Gullah and its immediate descendant Bahamian Creole, while confirming a more distant relationship with African American Vernacular English.
The progressive versus non-progressive alternation
Authors: Deshors Sandra C. , Rautionaho Paula 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This corpus-based study focuses on the alternation between progressive and non-progressive constructions in native and non-native varieties. We adopt a quantitative-qualitative approach starting with a collostructional analysis of the two constructions to assess association strengths between lexical verbs, semantic domains and Aktionsart categories on the one hand, and progressive and non-progressive constructions on the other hand. We then explore the constructions semantically and qualitatively. Overall, associations between the two constructions and Achievements and Accomplishments on the one hand, and semantic domains other than Activity or Existence on the other, do not unanimously influence writers’ constructional choices. Further, there may not be one single core meaning of the progressive, but rather a complex of meanings activated by the use of the progressive construction. Ultimately, we paint a multifaceted picture of the meanings of the progressive and show the benefit of combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore constructional semantics across Englishes.
Adapting to survive
Authors: van de Pol Nikki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper traces the semantic development of the English absolute construction from Old to Present-day English on the basis of extensive corpus data. It is observed that the absolute construction developed from a solely adverbial, strictly subordinate construction into a construction with a much larger range of functions, including quasi-coordinate constructions whose ‘addition’ function comes close to that ofand-coordinated finite clauses. This development involves an expansion of clausal status (from subordinate to anywhere between subordinate and quasi-coordinate) and a semantic expansion from typically adverbial meanings to any type of additional information. The process is claimed to have been facilitated by Middle English case loss and arguments for this facilitating role of case loss are adduced. It is then shown how these quasi-coordinate absolute constructions became more and more important as an absolute construction-function over time, as they were well-suited to the absolute construction’s high degree of syntactic independence. This evolution appears to have taken an opposite direction from the development of free adjuncts (Killie & Swann 2009: 339). This observation fits in well with the proposal that Englishing-clauses form a network (Fonteyn & van de Pol 2015) in which each member maintains its own functional niche, rather than engaging in competition with one another.
Vietnamese telephone openings
Authors: Do Hoa , Thuy Giang Tran Huu , Mai Ket 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study builds upon Schegloff’s model as a template to investigate the phenomenon of how Vietnamese people perform their
telephone openings. We use a corpus of 50 audio recordings of Vietnamese telephone openings to analyze such a phenomenon through
both Conversation Analysis and Ethnography methods in order to capture the data in naturally-occurring settings, and to provide
insights into Vietnamese culture that makes Vietnamese telephone openings different from North American ones. The findings
demonstrate that Vietnamese telephone openings share some common features with telephone openings in different language
communities, especially North American culture. Nevertheless, a number of variations, due to language and cultural differences,
still exist. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications.
MicroRNA-5195-3p plays a suppressive role in cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting MYO6 in human non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Quanfu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
MiRNA-5195-3p (miR-5195-3p), a recently discovered and poorly studied miRNA, has been reported to suppress bladder cancer cell behavior. However, its regulatory role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Here, the expression of miR-5195-3p was found to be reduced in NSCLC tissues and cells. The in vitro experiments showed that miR-5195-3p upregulation repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion by CCK-8 and transwell assays. In addition, MYO6 was predicted and confirmed as a potential target of miR-5195-3p by Bioinformatics analysis, Luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. There was significantly negative correlation between miR-5195-3p and MYO6 in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, MYO6 knockdown exhibited similar effects to those of miR-5195-3p overexpression in NSCLC cells, and restored MYO6 expression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-5195-3p. Therefore, these results demonstrate that miR-5195-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by directly modulating MYO6 expression in NSCLC cells, and may be an innovative candidate target for NSCLC therapy.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) SbSTOP1 activates the transcription of aβ-1,3-glucanase gene to reduce callose deposition under Al toxicity: A novel pathway for Al tolerance in plants
Authors: Gao Jie , Yan Siqi , Yu Haiye , Zhan Meiqi , Guan Kexing , Wang Yanqiu , Yang Zhenming 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAluminum (Al) toxicity is a primary limiting factor for crop production in acid soils. Callose deposition, an early indicator and likely a contributor to Al toxicity, is induced rapidly in plant roots under Al stress. SbGlu1, encoding a β-1,3-glucanase for callose degradation, showed important roles in sorghum Al resistance, yet its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The STOP1 transcription factors mediate Al signal transduction in various plants. Here, we identified their homolog in sweet sorghum, SbSTOP1, transcriptionally activated the expression of SbGlu1. Moreover, the DNA sequence recognized by SbSTOP1 on the promoter of SbGlu1 lacked the reported cis-acting element. Complementation lines of Atstop1 with SbSTOP1 revealed enhanced transcription levels of SbGlu1 homologous gene and reduced callose accumulation in Arabidopsis. These results indicate, for the first time, that SbSTOP1 is involved in the modulation of callose deposition under Al stress via transcriptional regulation of a β-1,3-glucanase gene.
Variability in Wall Thickness and Related Structures of Major Dural Sinuses in Posterior Cranial Fossa: A Microscopic Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications
Authors: Balik Vladimir , Uberall Ivo , Sulla Igor , Ehrmann Jiri , Kato Yoko , Sulla Igor J , Takizawa Katsumi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Regional variability in dural sinus (DS) wall thickness in posterior cranial fossa (PCF) have not been studied in detail yet.

OBJECTIVE
To clarify the possible regional variability in DS wall thickness and determine the occurrence and localization of the chordae Willisii (CW) in PCF.

METHODS
Fifty-nine human cadaveric DSs of PCF were investigated. A measurement of the DS walls/dura mater/CW thickness of parafin-embedded/hematoxylin-eosin stained axial sections was performed by using Cell Sens Science Imaging Software (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

RESULTS
The osseus wall (OW) was the thickest one in the confluens sinuum (CS) and the thinnest one in the jugular bulb (JB) and sigmoid sinus (P < .05). The biggest differences between individual walls were observed in the JB where the superior wall was almost twice as thick as the OW. At the transverse-sigmoid junction, the thickness of the walls was comparable. In the CS and transverse sinuses, the OW was even thicker than the surrounding dura mater. The occurrence and thickness of the CW increased from the JB towards CS and prevailed on the right side. An overall number of the CW in PCF was comparable to that observed in the superior sagittal sinus.

CONCLUSION
The present study displayed for the first time the regional variability in the DS walls thickness and occurrence of the CW in PCF. Application of these findings may afford greater freedom in exposure of the DSs or neoplasms adhering to the DSs.
Measles Hospitalizations at a United States Children’s Hospital 2011–2017
Authors: Hester Gabrielle , Nickel Amanda , LeBlanc Julie , Carlson Rebecca , Spaulding Alicen B. , Kalaskar Anupama , Stinchfield Patricia 
Published: November 2018

Background:
There are no recent descriptions of measles hospitalizations and complications in US children despite outbreaks within the past decade—including 2 in Minnesota (2011 and 2017). The objective of our study was to describe complications, hospital management and resource utilization for children hospitalized for measles at a US children’s hospital.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of children (0–18 years of age) hospitalized for measles (observation/inpatient diagnosis code for measles) at Children’s Minnesota, January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2017. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
Thirty-three patients were included (7 from 2011 and 21 from 2017 outbreaks). Median age was 27 months (range, 6–95 months), 94% were Black or African American (73% Somali ethnicity), 88% had medical assistance and 91% were unvaccinated to measles. Poor feeding was a primary reason for admission (97%); additional complications included otitis media (42%), pneumonia (30%), tracheitis (6%) and keratitis (3%). Additional testing was common [chest radiographs (70%), blood cultures (64%), nonmeasles viral testing (42%)]. Seventy-three percent received antibiotics, 30% required oxygen and 21% received vitamin A. Median length of stay was 3.7 days (range, 1.1–26.2 days); 1 patient was readmitted. Median direct cost in 2017 was $5291 (interquartile range : $3907–$7519), and estimated total cost to the hospital for the 2017 outbreak was $1.3 million.

Conclusions:
Clinicians should be aware of measles complications and treatment. Public and private health efforts should continue to focus on immunization, given significant implications of measles infections for patients and healthcare systems. Future studies may assess complications of measles across the United States as individual outbreaks often occur in specific populations, making generalization of results challenging.
Impact of Rapid On-demand Molecular Diagnosis of Pediatric Seasonal Influenza on Laboratory Workflow and Testing Costs
Authors: Brotons Pedro , Nogueras Maria-Mercedes , Valls Ana , Larrauri Amparo , Dominguez Angela , Launes Cristian , Luaces-Cubells Carlos , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Seasonal influenza imposes a considerable burden worldwide. We aimed to evaluate impact of rapid pediatric seasonal influenza diagnosis on laboratory workflow and cost using a rapid antigen detection-based test combined with either a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or the Alere i Influenza A and B (Alere i) assay for confirmation of negative results as well as single Alere i testing on nasopharyngeal aspirates. A secondary objective was assessing performance of Alere i against RT-PCR.

Methods:
Effects of implementing the 3 diagnostic algorithms were assessed in the Emergency Department of Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) across the 2014–2015, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Alere i performance against RT-PCR was determined during the 2015–2016 epidemic period.

Results:
Median time to result decreased when using Alere i as a confirmatory test of previous antigen detection and RT-PCR results or alone (9.7vs. 3.5/2.0 and 0.7 hours, P < 0.001) along with mean testing costs (€87.3 vs. €38.2 and €25.0, P < 0.001). Results available before patient discharge from the emergency department increased from 42.7% for sequential testing by antigen detection and RT-PCR to 80.0% when Alere i was utilized as a stand-alone test. Alere i sensitivity and specificity values were 96.6% (95% confidence interval: 82.8%–99.4%) and 94.4% (95% confidence interval: 86.6%–97.8%), respectively.

Conclusions:
Rapid Alere i testing facilitated efficient laboratory workflow near the patient during influenza epidemics while contributing cost savings when compared with serial testing by antigen and RT-PCR assays.
Effects of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation and Trendelenburg Position on Brain Oxygenation During Laparoscopy in Children
Authors: Oztan Mustafa O. , Aydin Gaye , Cigsar Emine B. , Sutas Bozkurt Pervin , Koyluoglu Gokhan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
Laparoscopic appendectomy has become more popular compared with the open appendectomy in children, but there are limited data on the effects of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on cerebral oxygenation. This study was designed to evaluate the changes in cerebral saturation using near-infrared spectroscope during laparoscopic surgery in children.

Methods:
The children underwent laparoscopic (LAP Group, n=22) or open appendectomy (OPEN Group, n=22). Right and left cerebral oxygenation (RScO2-LScO2), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal CO2pressure (PETCO2), and peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO2) were recorded between anesthesia induction (T0, baseline), after induction (T1), after intubation (T2), 5 minutes after intubation (T3), 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum-15th minute at OPEN (T4), 5 minutes after Trendelenburg-20th minute at OPEN (T5), 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum-45th minute at OPEN (T6), 5 minutes after supine position-skin suturing at OPEN (T7), 5 minutes postextubation (T8).

Results:
Groups were similar with respect to their demographic data. In LAP group, a significant increase in HR was recorded at T5. No significant difference was observed in the MAP, PETCO2, SpO2, RScO2, and LScO2 values between the groups. There was a significant increase in the perioperative T1 to T8 values compared with the T0 values in LScO2 of the LAP group.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position does not alter the hemodynamic values and can be safely performed in children without altering regional brain oxygenation levels.
Mental Simulation of Facial Expressions: Mu Suppression to the Viewing of Dynamic Neutral Face Videos
Authors: Karakale Ozge , Moore Matthew R. , Kirk Ian J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe mirror neuron network (MNN) has been proposed as a neural substrate of action understanding. Electroencephalography (EEG) mu suppression has commonly been studied as an index of MNN activity during execution and observation of hand and finger movements. However, in order to establish its role in higher order processes, such as recognising and sharing emotions, more research using social emotional stimuli is needed. The current study aims to contribute to our understanding of the sensitivity of mu suppression to facial expressions. Modulation of the mu and occipital alpha (8 - 13 Hz) rhythms was calculated in 22 participants while they observed dynamic video stimuli, including emotional (happy and sad) and neutral (mouth opening) facial expressions, and non-biological stimulus (kaleidoscope pattern). Across the four types of stimuli, only the neutral face was associated with a significantly stronger mu suppression than the non-biological stimulus. Occipital alpha suppression was significantly greater in the non-biological stimulus than all the face conditions. Source estimation (sLORETA) analysis comparing the neural sources of mu/alpha modulation between neutral face and non-biological stimulus showed more suppression in the central regions, including the supplementary motor and somatosensory areas, than the more posterior regions. EEG and source estimation results may indicate that reduced availability of emotional information in the neutral face condition requires more sensorimotor engagement in deciphering emotion-related information than the full-blown happy or sad expressions that are more readily recognised.
The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota/bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Doonan James , Tarafdar Anuradha , Pineda Miguel A. , Lumb Felicity E. , Crowe Jenny , Khan Aneesah M. , Hoskisson Paul A. , Harnett Margaret M. , Harnett William 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe human immune system has evolved in the context of our colonisation by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitic helminths. Reflecting this, the rapid eradication of pathogens appears to have resulted in reduced microbiome diversity and generation of chronically activated immune systems, presaging the recent rise of allergic, autoimmune and metabolic disorders. Certainly, gastrointestinal helminths can protect against gut and lung mucosa inflammatory conditions by modulating the microbiome and suppressing the chronic inflammation associated with dysbiosis. Here, we employ ES-62, an immunomodulator secreted by tissue-dwelling Acanthocheilonema viteae to show that modulation of the gut microbiome does not require live infection with gastrointestinal-based helminths nor is protection restricted to mucosal diseases. Specifically, subcutaneous administration of this defined parasitic worm product affords protection against joint disease in collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, which is associated with normalisation of gut microbiota and prevention of loss of intestinal barrier integrity.
A Mechanically Weak Extracellular Membrane-Adjacent Domain Induces Dimerization of Protocadherin-15
Authors: De-la-Torre P. , Choudhary D. , Araya-Secchi R. , Narui Y. , Sotomayor M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe cadherin superfamily of proteins is defined by the presence of extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats that engage in protein-protein interactions to mediate cell-cell adhesion, cell signaling, and mechanotransduction. The extracellular domains of non-classical cadherins often have a large number of EC repeats along with other subdomains of various folds. Protocadherin-15 (PCDH15), a protein component of the inner-ear tip link filament essential for mechanotransduction, has eleven EC repeats and a membrane adjacent domain (MAD12) of atypical fold. Here we report the crystal structure of a pig PCDH15 fragment including EC10, EC11, and MAD12 in a parallel dimeric arrangement. MAD12 has a unique molecular architecture and folds as a ferredoxin-like domain similar to that found in the nucleoporin protein Nup54. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments along with size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering corroborate the crystallographic dimer and show that MAD12 induces parallel dimerization of PCDH15 near its membrane insertion point. In addition, steered molecular dynamics simulations suggest that MAD12 is mechanically weak and may unfold before tip-link rupture. Sequence analyses and structural modeling predict the existence of similar domains in cadherin-23, protocadherin-24, and the “giant” FAT and CELSR cadherins, indicating that some of them may also exhibit MAD-induced parallel dimerization.
Acquisition, transmission and strain diversity of human gut-colonizing crAss-like phages
Authors: Siranosian Benjamin A. , Tamburini Fiona B. , Sherlock Gavin , Bhatt Ami S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCrAss-like phages are double-stranded DNA viruses that are prevalent in human gut microbiomes. Here, we analyze gut metagenomic data from mother-infant pairs and patients undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation to evaluate the patterns of acquisition, transmission and strain diversity of crAss-like phages. We find that crAss-like phages are rarely detected at birth but are increasingly prevalent in the infant microbiome after one month of life. We observe nearly identical genomes in 50% of cases where the same crAss-like clade is detected in both the mother and the infant, suggesting vertical transmission. In cases of putative transmission of prototypical crAssphage (p-crAssphage), we find that a subset of strains present in the mother are detected in the infant, and that strain diversity in infants increases with time. Strain diversity in the p-crAssphage population in mothers is generally low, with a median of 50 variable sites in the 97kb genome. Putative tail fiber proteins are enriched for nonsynonymous strain variation compared to other genes, suggesting a potential evolutionary benefit to maintaining strain diversity in specific genes. Finally, we show that p-crAssphage can be acquired through fecal microbiota transplantation. These results enhance our understanding of the acquisition, individual-level strain diversity, and transmission of crAss-like phages, which have emerged as some of the most successful human-associated microbes.
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY STUDIES ON ANALOGUES OF 4-METHYLGUAIACOL, A CATTLE ANAL ODOUR CONSTITUENT REPELLENT TO THE BROWN EAR TICK (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus)
Authors: Kariuki Margaret W. , Hassanali Ahmed , Ng’ang’a Margaret M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreviously, 4-methylguaiacol, a major constituent of cattle anal odour, was found to have a high repellence on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. In the present study, 10 structural analogues of the phenol were tested for repellence against R. appendiculatus in order to assess the effects of (i) absence or presence of the 4-alkyl group of varying length, (ii) inclusion of a double bond in the 4-alkyl chain, (iii) linking the two phenolic oxygen in a methylenedioxy bridge, (iv) replacement of the OCH3 with CH3 and inclusion of another CH3 at position 6, and (v) presence of an additional OCH3 group at position 6. The analogues comprised of 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), 3,4-methylenedioxytoluene, 2,4- dimethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol and 4-allyl-2,6- dimethoxyphenol, which were compared at different doses in a two-choice climbing assay set up. Each analogue showed either increased or reduced repellence compared with 4-methylguaiacol. The structural feature that was associated with the highest repellence was 4-propyl moiety in the guaiacol unit (RD75 = 0.031 for 4-propyl-2- methoxyphenol; that of 4-methylguaiacol = 0.564). Effects of blending selected analogues with high repellence were also compared. However, none of the blends showed incremental increase in repellence compared with that of 4- propyl-2-methoxyphenol. We are currently evaluating the effects of controlled release of the compound at different sites on cattle on the behavior and success of R. appendiculatus to locate their predilection feeding site.