bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Oxygen Abundance Retrieved From SCIAMACHY Hydroxyl Nightglow Measurements
Authors: Zhu Yajun , Kaufmann Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a new atomic oxygen data set based on Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) hydroxyl short‐wave infrared data. The OH spectra stem from the OH(9‐6) ro‐vibrational transition. These data and atomic oxygen obtained from SCIAMACHY O(1S) green line measurements, which is an independent data set in terms of methodology and radiometry, typically agree within 10–20%. This confirms the corresponding models of OH and O(1S), in particular, the relevance of the reaction between atomic oxygen and ozone in the photochemical model. The agreement between the SCIAMACHY data and the most recent Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) atomic oxygen data set of Mlynczak et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077377) is significantly better than for the previous SABER data set of Mlynczak et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50401). The agreement decreases if the SCIAMACHY forward model parameters are applied to SABER data. A similar agreement is achieved with the data of Panka et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077677), which was retrieved from SABER data using a principally different retrieval approach.
Study to Probe Subsistence of Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes of α and β-Cyclodextrins with Biologically Potent Drugs for Safety Regulatory Dischargement
Authors: Rajbanshi Biplab , Saha Subhadeep , Das Koyeli , Barman Biraj Kumar , Sengupta Swarnab , Bhattacharjee Arindam , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHost-guest interaction of two significant drugs, phenylephrine hydrochloride and synephrine with α and β-cyclodextrins were studied systematically. Initially two simple but reliable physicochemical techniques namely conductance and surface tension were employed to find out saturation concentration for the inclusion and its stoichiometry. The obtained 1:1 stoichiometry was further confirmed by two spectrometric methods, UV-Vis study and spectrofluorimetry. Significant shifts in IR stretching frequency also support the inclusion process. Relative stabilities of the inclusion complexes were established by the association constants obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements, program based mathematical calculation of conductivity data. Calculations of the thermodynamic parameters dictates thermodynamic feasibility of the inclusion process. Spectrofluorometric measurement scaffolds the UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement validating stability of the ICs once again. Mass spectroscopic measurement gives the molecular ion peaks corresponding to the inclusion complex of 1:1 molar ratio of host and guest molecules. The mechanism of inclusion was drawn by 1H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopic analysis. Surface texture of the inclusion complexes was studied by SEM. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of the inclusion complexes were analyzed and found, Cell viability also balances for non-toxic behavior of the ICs. Moreover, all the studies reveal the formation of inclusion complexes of two ephedra free, alternatively emerging drugs (after their banned product having ephedra) SNP, PEH with α and β-CD which enriches the drug delivery system with their regulatory release without any chemical modification.
Fluency-Enhancing Strategies for Hypokinetic Dysarthria Exacerbated by Subthalamic Nucleus Brain Stimulation: A Case Study
Authors: Snyder Gregory J. , Williams Molly Grace , Gough Molly E. , Blanchet Paul G. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction
Speech disorders associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and the pharmaceutical treatments of PD are well documented. A relatively recent treatment alternative for PD is deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is used to manage the symptoms of PD as the disease progresses. This case study documented the speech characteristics of a unique client with PD STN-DBS and reported initial findings on a variety of fluency- and intelligibility-enhancing strategies.

Method
A speech-language pathologist referred a 63-year-old man, previously diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist with neurogenic stuttering as a result of an STN-DBS battery change, for a speech evaluation, reporting lack of success with traditional stuttering treatment strategies. The client's speech was assessed, and a variety of fluency- and intelligibility-enhancing techniques were tested during trial therapy.

Results
The client's speech exhibited the hallmark characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria, including speech disfluencies. A variety of pacing and prosthetic strategies were tested, revealing that auditory and tactile prosthetic speech feedback provided optimal improvements in fluency and intelligibility.

Discussion
These results suggest that the prosthetic speech feedback provided optimal intelligibility and fluency enhancement and could potentially improve articulation and speech volume, which are also common in cases of hypokinetic dysarthria.
STA-MCA-Bypass zur Behandlung einer chronischen Durchblutungsstörung des Gehirns bei einer Moyamoya-Erkrankung
Authors: Heise Julia , Hecht Nils 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung einer chronischen Durchblutungsstörung des Gehirns bei einer Moyamoya-Erkrankung dient dazu, das Schlaganfallrisiko der betroffenen Patienten zu
senken. Um den zerebralen Kollateralblutfluss zu verbessern, wird ein von extra- nach intrakraniell verlaufender Bypass angelegt. Unsere Autoren von der
Neurochirurgischen Klinik der Charité stellen das OP-Verfahren vor.
Wechsel der Herausgeberschaft der Aktuellen Rheumatologie
Authors: Keyßer Gernot 
Published: August 2018

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Aktuellen Rheumatologie,seit Jahresbeginn habe ich die interessante Aufgabe übernommen, die Ihnen vorliegende Zeitschrift als Editor in Chief – gemeinsam mit den Kollegen Prof. Dr. med. Eugen Feist und Prof. Dr. med. Stefan Rehart – zu betreuen.
Nahrungsmittelprovokationen im Kindesalter ganz praktisch
Authors: Ziegert M. , Trendelenburg V. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter gehören IgE-vermittelte Nahrungsmittelallergien zu den häufigsten allergischen Erkrankungen. Insbesondere die orale Nahrungsmittelprovokation stellt hier einen Grundpfeiler einer fundierten Diagnostik dar. Der Goldstandard ist die doppelblinde, Placebo-kontrollierte Nahrungsmittelprovokation (DBPCFC; double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge). Sie hilft, v. a. bei unklarer Anamnese, die klinische Relevanz einer Sensibilisierung gegen Nahrungsmittel zu überprüfen oder neu zu evaluieren. Im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter ist eine genaue Diagnostik besonders relevant, um unnötig einschränkende Eliminationsdiäten zu vermeiden oder den Patienten bzw. deren Eltern hinsichtlich einer individuell angepassten spezifischen Ernährungstherapie zu beraten. Dieser Artikel beschreibt praktische Vorgehensweisen für die Durchführung oraler Nahrungsmittelprovokationen im Kindesalter mit Fokus auf die am häufigsten vorkommenden IgE-vermittelten Nahrungsmittelallergien (Kuhmilch, Hühnerei, Erdnuss).
Detection of an Abnormal Plasma Clot Structure by a Simple Rigidity Assay
Authors: Carr Marcus E , Blatt Philip M , Roberts Harold R , Brooker Jeff Z , Hermans Jan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe report here on a patient whose abnormal fibrin clot was detected via the measurement of clot rigidity with a simple buoyant inner cylinder elastometer. The patient’s clinical coagulation studies were all within normal limits except for prolonged thrombin and reptilase clotting times and a high level of fibrin split products. The measured rigidity of the patient’s clot was approximately ten times lower than that of a clot formed from normal pooled plasma. Light scattering studies indicated that this modified structure was not caused by a gross change in gel fiber morphology. Antithrombin activity was eliminated as a possible cause of the altered clot structure; this suggests the possibility of a modified fibrinogen. Abnormalities in the reptilase time and fibrinogen levels in two siblings support the hypothesis that the modification is an inherited defect. We suggest that the simple measurement of rigidity can be used routinely to detect abnormalities in plasma clot structure. The screening for such disorders should be of importance to clinician, patient, and biochemical researcher.
The Isoelectric Point of Thrombin and its Behaviour Compared to Prothrombin at Some Solid Surfaces
Authors: Berg Walter , Hillvärn Birgitta , Arwin Hans , Stenberg Manne , Lundström Ingemar 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe have shown that the isoelectric point of thrombin is high and that thrombin is a cation at the pH of blood. On the other hand, prothrombin has a low isoelectric point, being more anionic at the pH of blood. It was also found that thrombin adsorbs readily to surfaces, especially negatively charged surfaces, like behenic acid surfaces at pH 8.2. Furthermore, thrombin adsorbed onto behenic acid was active in the sense that it coagulated fibrinogen.The significance of the electric charge of the thrombin molecule in the mechanism of atherosclerosis is discussed.
An Acquired Abnormal Fibrinogen Associated with Thromboembolic Disease and Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: D’Souza Leo , Coots Macie C , Glueck Helen I 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAn abnormal fibrinogen was found in a patient associated with disabling recurrent phlebitis and pulmonary emboli, pseudotumor cerebri, gout and endometriosis. The fibrinogen is characterized by (1) abnormal side-to-side and end-to-end polymerization, (2) abnormal fibrinopeptide release, (3) a delayed γ-γ dimerization of the non cross-linked fibrin, (4) a pH optimum of 7-7.8, and (5) a deviation from normal amino acid composition with regard to lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine. Since no defect has been found in any of her three children, and since the prothromin and partial thromboplastin times vary from time to time, it is assumed that the defect is acquired. Liver disease, usually associated with acquired abnormal fibrinogen, has been excluded as an etiological cause since liver function tests and biopsy are completely normal.
Fibrin Suspension as a Substrate for Plasmin: Determination and Kinetics
Authors: Kanai Shozo , Okamoto Hiroshi , Tamaura Yutaka , Yamazaki Shojiro , Inada Yuji 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFibrin polymers formed from fibrinogen with thrombin in the presence of EDTA were suspended in a medium containing glucose, arabic gum and imidazole-HCl buffer and were sonicated at 20 kHz for 20 min to make a suspension containing fibrin particles of small size. The fibrin suspension was used as a substrate of plasmin for determining the enzymic activity of plasmin and plasminogen activated with urokinase. The kinetic study on the reaction of the fibrin particles with plasmin in the presence and the absence of fibrinogen revealed that Km value of fibrin for plasmin is 4.2 × 10-7 M and the Ki value of fibrinogen is 1.2 × 10-5 M.
Platelet Function and Serum High Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Nordøy A , Refsum Nina , Thelle D , Jæger S 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTwo groups of healthy male subjects one with low (mean 1.03 mmol/1), and the other with normal (mean 1.80 mmol/1), concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in plasma were investigated. A series of in vitro platelet function tests were performed in order to investigate a possible connection between low HDL concentration, which has been defined as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of CHD, and disturbances in platelet function.No significant differences in platelet function were observed between the two groups. A positive correlation was found between platelet factor 3 activity both in platelet rich and platelet poor plasma and the plasma concentration of HDL.
The Interaction Between Heparin and Plasmin on Amidolysis
Authors: Kohn Sukehiro , Sakurama Shoki , Morioka Tokiyo , Ito Yoshito , Yasukouchi Taro , Nakagawa Shoichi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe effect of the interaction between heparin and plasmin not only on fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities but also on amidolytic activity, since plasmin has amidolytic or amidase activity, was investigated.Following were the results obtained from these investigations:1. Heparin enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase within the range from 2 to 64 units/ml of the final concentration of heparin2. Heparin also enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by converting plasminogen with insolubilized urokinase.3. Heparin did not enhance or inhibit fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase, in the fibrinolytic activity within the range from 0.032 to 125 units/ml, in the caseinolytic activity within the range from 0.0125 to 100 units/ml, and in the esterolytic activity within the range from 0.016 to 128 units/ml, of the final concentration of heparin respectively.
Thrombin Time Dilution Test: A Simple Method for the Control of Heparin Therapy
Authors: Pizzuto Javier , Garcìa-Méndez Sergio , de-la-Paz Reyna Marìa , Morales Manuel R , Avilés Agustìn , Zavala Beatrìz , Gaos Carlos 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA modification of the thrombin time test (TT), which permits quantitative measurement of plasma heparin activity during therapy is described. The prolonged TT of plasma containing heparin can be corrected by dilution with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Clinical heparin activity is considered adequate when prolonged TT of the plasma can be corrected at dilutions of from 1:4 to 1:8 (±20%). In vitro studies of 30 PRP samples containing different amounts of heparin showed that 1:4 and 1:8 dilutions did not correct prolonged TT (P<0.05) in the presence of more than 0.2 and 0.3 U of heparin/ml respectively, indicating that the adequate dose of heparin should fall between those levels which show correction at these dilutions, using the diluted TT method.Patients treated with 100 U of heparin/kg every 4 or 6 h were studied: 52 without previous coagulation defects and 22 with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The results in the first group showed adequate dosage in 29 cases, overdosage in 12 and underdosage in 11. Hemorrhage occurred in 5 of the overdosage group. In the DIC series, 4 with underdosage of heparin did not improve; in 13 of 18 with adequate dosage, both hemorrhage and coagulapathy disappeared, while the other 5, with more severe complications did not improve. Based on these findings, the diluted TT appears to be a useful test in the assessment of heparin therapy, even in patients with previous coagulation abnormalities.
Spectrophotometric Assays of Prothrombin in Plasma of Patients Using Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Bertina R M , Nieuwkoop W van der Marel-van , Loeliger E A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTwo spectrophotometric assays for prothrombin have been developed and compared with a one stage coagulant and an immunological assay. One of these assays (called the XAPC assay) uses a combination of factor Xa, phospholipid, Ca2+ and factor V as activator of prothrombin, and measures only normal prothrombin. The second (the ECAR assay) uses Echis carinatus venom as activator. This assay measures both normal prothrombin and PIVKA II (protein induced by vitamin K antagonists/absence). Combination of the results obtained by the XAPC and ECAR assays provides rapid and reliable information on the degree of “subcarboxylation” of prothrombin (oral anticoagulation, vitamin K deficiency).For patients on long term anticoagulant treatment the prothrombin time (Thrombotest) shows better correlation with the ratio prothrombin/prothrombin plus PIVKA II (XAPC/ ECAR) than with the factor II concentration. For patients starting the anticoagulant treatment there is no correlation between the Thrombotest time and the XAPC/ECAR ratio.It seems doubtful that (a) spectrophotometric factor II assay(s) will be as useful as the prothrombin time in the control of oral anticoagulation.
Affinity Chromatography of Human Factor VIII Using Human and Rabbit Antibodies to Factor VIII
Authors: Lane Janet L , Ekert H , Vafiadis A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFactor VIII, purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B, has an 8 band multiple subunit structure, with molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 230,000, on reduction and SDS-PAGE at a protein concentration of 400 μg/gel. Affinity chromatography of this factor VIII preparation with insolubilized haemophilic antibody to factor VIII showed that 45-81% VIII:C and 0-33% VIILRag were attached to the column. Elution of the column with 0.25 M CaCl2 did not show VIII:C or VIILRag in the eluate. NH4SCN dissociation of the column, followed by reduction and SDS-PAGE of the dissociated protein, showed that 95 % of the protein bound by haemophilic antibody had a molecular weight similar to the low molecular weight subunits of the reduced factor VIII.In control experiments with normal Human IgG, 3% of VIII:C and 5% of VIILRag were attached to the column. NH4SCN dissociation of the column, followed by reduction and SDS-PAGE of the protein, showed 2 faint bands with molecular weight consistent with heavy and light chains of IgG.Similar experiments with antibody to factor VIII showed that 67-83% of VIILC and 61-76% of VIII:Rag were attached to the column. Elution of the column with 0.25 M CaCl2 showed 10% of the applied VIII:C, but no VIII:Rag in the eluate. NH4SCN dissociation of the column, followed by reduction and SDS-PAGE of the dissociated protein, showed an 8 band subunit structure similar to the reduced factor VIII.
Role of Reduced Glutathione on Platelet Functions
Authors: Matsuda Shigeyoshi , Ikeda Yasuo , Aoki Makoto , Toyama Keisuke , Watanabe Kiyoaki , Ando Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe role of reduced glutathione (GSH) on platelet functions was investigated utilizing thiol oxidizing agent, “diamide”. Diamide reacted rapidly with GSH in platelets, but not with protein thiols. Platelets treated with diamide showed inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine and collagen in a concentration dependent manner. Clot retraction was grossly inhibited by diamide. Platelet interaction with polymerizing fibrin was examined by the method of Niewiarowski et al. (1972). There was no interaction observed between diamide-treated platelets and polymerizing fibrin. Ultrastructural observation of clots formed in the presence of diamide also showed no direct contact between platelets and fibrin strands. Platelets retained their granular contents, but showed loss of microtubules and dilatation of open canalicular system. Our findings may further support the idea that GSH plays an important role on platelet functions.
In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates
Authors: Prowse C V , Chirnside A , Elton R A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.
Determination of the Biological Activity of Heparin by Use of a Chromogenic Substrate
Authors: Bartl Knut , Dorsch Elfriede , Lill Helmut , Ziegenhorn Joachim 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe describe a new method for determining the biological activity of heparin in plasma with use of thrombin and the substrate Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA. The procedure is based on the photometric determination of the inactivation of thrombin after incubation with plasma in the presence of endogenous antithrombin III (At III). The method allows the specific determination of heparin concentrations from 0.02 USP to 0.8 USP/ml of plasma in the presence of normal At III levels. It has been carried out manually by use of an Eppendorf spectrum line photometer or automatically by use of a Vitatron Akes analyzer. For evaluation, the results were compared with two standard samples which contained heparin in the low and high therapeutic range, respectively.
Effects of Antimycin A and 2-Deoxyglucose on Energy Metabolism in Washed Human Platelets
Authors: Holmsen Holm , Robkin Linda M 
Published: August 2018

Summary(1) Human platelets were incubated with [14C]adenine in plasma, washed and resuspended in salt solutions. The effects of incubating the cells with antimycin A and 2- deoxyglucose on the radioactivity of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and inosine + hypoxanthine, the total level of ADP and ATP and lactate production were studied. The metabolic inhibitors only affected the cytoplasmic, [14C]-labelled nucleotides, and were apparently without effect on the granular, non-labelled ATP and ADP. (2) Antimycin A caused a rapid, shortlasting decrease in [14C]ATP which was independent on glucose and enhanced by 2- deoxyglucose. Lactate production increased about 3-fold with and without 2-deoxyglucose. The initial fall in [14C]ATP was therefore thought to be due to a failure to immediately substitute for the lost oxidative ATP production. (3) After the initial fall in [14C]ATP no changes took place when glucose was present, while [14C]ATP and the adenylate energy charge decreased when glucose was absent and more so when 2-deoxyglucose was present. Thus, glycogenolysis, corresponding to an ATP turnover of 29.8 nmoles × min-1 × mg-1 protein did not maintain ATP homeostasis in platelets. (4) The changes in [14C]ATP, adenylate energy charge and lactate production under the various conditions strongly suggested that regulation of ATP consumption in the cells was a major mechanism to maintain ATP homeostasis. (5) The changes in the [14C]nucleotides in washed platelets were qualitatively similar to those previously described in platelet-rich plasma (Holmsen et al. 1974); quantitative differences were apparent and found to be due to binding of antimycin A to plasma proteins and counteraction of the effects of 2-deoxyglucose by plasma glucose. In particular, the rapid, initial fall in [14C]ATP occurred only with washed cells and clearly demonstrated a conversion of ATP to hypoxanthine ADP, AMP, IMP and inosine. (6) The cellular AMP deaminase reaction was found not to be related by the adenylate energy charge, in contrast to studies with semipurified enzyme (Chapman & Atkinson 1973). Our results suggested that AMP deamination occurred when [AMP] rose from its resting value of 0.07 mM and was inhibited when [ATP] fell below 2 mM within the cell.
Human Blood Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
Authors: Jenkins C S P , Ali-Briggs E F , Zonneveld G T E , Sturk A , Clemetson J 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe separation of the major platelet membrane glycoproteins of normal subjects and subjects with well defined platelet membrane glycoprotein abnormalities have been examined using four different polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques (continuous and discontinuous). The mobilities of the resolved glycoprotein bands have been correlated with the glycoprotein nomenclature proposed for the conventional sodium dodecyl sulphate- phosphate buffer system. Since the glycoprotein distribution varies depending on the system used, the merits of each method should be considered before application to a specific problem.