bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with potentially harmful drug–drug interactions in older Korean people: A population‐based study
Authors: Yoon Seok‐Joon , Kim Jong‐Sung , Jung Jin‐Gyu , Ahn Soon‐Ki , Song Young‐Su , Bae Nam‐Kyou , Seon Jeong‐Yeon , Kim Jeong‐Hyun 
Published: August 2018

AimThe present study investigated the status of potentially harmful drug–drug interactions (PHDI) in older adults, to obtain insight into factors that influence the risk of PHDI.MethodsThe present study included Korean people aged ≥65 years who were prescribed one or more drugs included in the list of PHDI under the Beers Criteria 2015 from January to December, 2016 (n = 1 257 317). PHDI were defined based on the Beers Criteria 2015. Among 10 PHDI, a prevalence of >5% was taken to be clinically significant, and the relationships between multiple variables and PHDI were examined.ResultsThe most frequent PHDI was corticosteroids and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (n = 259 499, 20.64%), followed by a combination of two or more anticholinergic drugs (n = 139 622, 11.1%), and three or more drugs acting on the central nervous system (n = 86 023, 6.84%). These three types of PHDI were more frequent in women (OR 1.066–1.141) and medical aid beneficiaries (OR 1.095–1.510). The risk of PHDI increased in proportion to the number of healthcare institutions used by the participants and their outpatient visits during the year (OR 1.043–1.079, 1.008–1.010, respectively). The risk of PHDI was low when patients took no more than five medications in a single prescription (OR 0.017–0.791).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study highlight the three most frequent PHDI in Korea according to the Beers Criteria 2015. Healthcare providers should take PHDI into account when treating female patients, medical aid beneficiaries, patients using multiple healthcare institutions, frequent outpatient visitors and patients prescribed more than six medications in a single prescription. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1378–1382.
TheRedSea under theCaliphalDynasties, c. 639–1171
Authors: Power Timothy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudents of world history will be familiar with the Red Sea as a strategic communications corridor linking the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. This paper examines the Red Sea region between the seventh and twelfth centuries, when it was ruled by a succession of Islamic caliphal dynasties, namely, the Umayyads, ʿAbbāsids, and Fāṭimids. It first sets out a sketch of the political history of the Red Sea and its constituent hinterland polities, including particularly Egypt, Sudan, al‐Ḥijāz, and Yemen, drawing attention to episodes and processes in which the Red Sea was significant. A section on Africa and Arabia explores the Red Sea as a zone of economic and social interaction; another section deals with the historic shift of Indian Ocean trade from the ʿAbbāsid Persian Gulf to the Fāṭimid Red Sea. Finally, the impact of the Red Sea on its constituent hinterland polities and the wider sweep of Islamic history is considered.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Moderate to Severe Pain among Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Deng Lisa X. , Patel Kanan , Miaskowski Christine , Maravilla Ingrid , Schear Sarah , Garrigues Sarah , Thompson Nicole , Auerbach Andrew D. , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and management of pain in older hospitalized medical patients.DesignMedical record aggregate review.SettingTertiary care hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older admitted to the medicine service between November 28, 2014, and May 28, 2015.MeasurementsDemographic characteristics, comorbidity burden, pain characteristics, and analgesics during index hospitalization were assessed in individuals with moderate to severe pain (≥4 on 0–10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale).ResultsOf 1,267 patients admitted to the medicine service, 248 (20%) had moderate to severe pain on admission (mean age 75 ± 8, 57% female, 50% white). During hospitalization, most participants received opioids (80%) and acetaminophen (74%), and few received nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (9%). Participants with chronic pain had less reduction in pain intensity score from admission to discharge than those without a history of chronic pain (mean change score 3.7 vs 4.9, p=.002) and were more likely to receive opioids, adjuvant analgesics, and other analgesics (all p<.05).ConclusionTwenty percent of older adults admitted to a general medicine service had moderate to severe pain. Further research about optimal pain management in hospitalized older adults, particularly those with chronic pain, is necessary to improve care in this population.
Association Between Frailty and Elder Abuse in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in Mexico City
Authors: Torres‐Castro Sara , Szlejf Claudia , Parra‐Rodríguez Lorena , Rosas‐Carrasco Oscar 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between frailty and elder abuse in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignSecondary cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort.SettingThe Frailty, Dynapenia and Sarcopenia in Mexican Adults study, a cohort of community‐dwelling adults from 2 municipalities in Mexico City.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N=487, mean age 73.2 ± 8.0, 80% female).MeasurementsElder abuse was assessed using the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale and frailty using the Frailty Phenotype. Abuse was then classified as total abuse (any subtype), conflict abuse (physical, psychological, sexual abuse), financial abuse, and caregiver neglect. Information was also obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental status, nutritional status, disability, and polypharmacy.ResultsPrevalence of total abuse was 35.7%. Frailty was associated with total abuse (odds ratio (OR)=2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22–5.21, p=.01) and conflict abuse (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.18–5.33, p=.02) after adjusting for confounders but not with financial abuse or caregiver neglect. Depression was an effect modifier in the association between frailty and total abuse. Frailty was associated with total abuse in participants with depression (OR=5.23, 95% CI=1.87–14.56, p=.002) but not in those without (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.10–2.87, p=.47).ConclusionFrailty is associated with total and conflict abuse in community‐dwelling older adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of frailty on elder abuse and investigate the effectiveness of interventions for primary and secondary prevention.
Cold signaling in plants: Insights into mechanisms and regulation
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Liu Dongfeng , Chong Kang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo survive under cold temperatures plants must be able to perceive a cold signal and transduce it into downstream components that induce appropriate defense mechanisms. In addition to inducing adaptive defenses, such as the production of osmotic factors to prevent freezing and the reprogramming of transcriptional pathways, cold temperatures induce changes in plant growth and development which can affect the plant life cycle. In this review, we summarize recent progress in characterizing cold‐related genes and the pathways that allow transduction of the cold signal in plants, focusing primarily on studies in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). We summarize cold perception and signal transduction from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, which involves cold sensors, calcium signals, calcium‐binding proteins, mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades, and the C‐repeat binding factor/dehydration‐responsive element binding pathways, as well as trehalose metabolism. Finally, we describe the balance between plant organogenesis and cold tolerance mechanisms in rice. This review encapsulates the known cold signaling factors in plants and provides perspectives for ongoing cold signaling research.
Sparing subcutaneous septa avoids skin necrosis in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with suction‐curettage shaving
Authors: Hsu Kuei‐Chang , Wang Kuan‐Ying 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundSurgical treatment of axillary bromhidrosis or hyperhidrosis involves the removal of apocrine glands. There are several methods to eliminate apocrine glands; however, many methods reported significant rates of skin necrosis. To avoid this problem while preserving comparable results, we used a modified method sparing several subcutaneous septa, which successfully avoided skin necrosis completely in our series of 19 consecutive cases.MethodsThis is a prospective case series in a single center by a single surgeon. Unlike other series using suction‐curettage shaver, we preserved some septa. The skin flaps between septa were approximately shaved as thin as 2 mm. The patients rated their smell on a 0‐10 numeric rating scale (NRS‐11) preoperatively and postoperatively. The results were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsA total of 19 consecutive patients were included. The mean degree of preoperative and postoperative smell on the NRS‐11 scale was 7.200 and 2.825, respectively. There was only one patient who developed postoperative ecchymosis. No other complications, such as skin necrosis, hematoma, or infection were found.ConclusionsWe modified the suction‐curettage cartilage shaver to eliminate the complications. Our method reveals a satisfying result, and there were no significant complications.
Women's Education, Intergenerational Coresidence, and Household Decision‐Making in China
Authors: Cheng Cheng 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study examines how intergenerational coresidence modifies the association between women's education and their household decision‐making power in China.BackgroundPast research on how married women's education increases their decision‐making power at home has focused primarily on nuclear families. This article extends prior research by examining how this association varies by household structure. It compares women living with their husbands with those living with both their husbands and parents‐in‐law.MethodThis article used data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010 and 2014. It employed marginal structural models to address the concern that certain characteristics selecting women of less power into coresidence with their parents‐in‐law may be endogenous to women's education.ResultsIn nuclear households, women with a higher level of education have a higher probability of having the final say on household decisions. In multigenerational households, however, where women live with their parents‐in‐law, a higher level of education of women is not associated with an increase in women's decision‐making power.ConclusionCoresidence with husbands' parents may undermine the effect of women's education on their household decision‐making power.
Relationship between brachycephalic airway syndrome and gastrointestinal signs in three breeds of dog
Authors: Kaye B. M. , Rutherford L. , Perridge D. J. , Ter Haar G. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the breed‐specific prevalence of, and effects of corrective airway surgery on, gastrointestinal signs in French bulldogs, English bulldogs and pugs presenting with brachycephalic airway syndrome to a referral teaching hospital.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, ptyalism, regurgitation and vomiting were graded at presentation using a previously established scoring system. Staphylectomy and nares resection were performed on all dogs. Gastrointestinal signs were re‐assessedviatelephone follow‐up at least 6 weeks after surgery.ResultsNinety‐eight dogs were included: French bulldogs (n=43), English bulldogs (n=12) and pugs (n=43). Overall population prevalence of all gastrointestinal signs was 56%. Breed‐specific prevalence for French bulldogs was 93%, English bulldogs 58% and pugs 16%. There was post‐surgical clinical improvement in gastrointestinal signs for the whole study population, especially in French bulldogs.Clinical SignificanceThe prevalence of gastrointestinal signs in dogs presenting with brachycephalic airway syndrome and improvement in these clinical signs following corrective surgery may vary between breeds.
I'm Not Throwing Away My Shot: What Alexander Hamilton Can Tell Us about Standard Reading Interventions
Authors: Al Otaiba Stephanie , Petscher Yaacov , Wanzek Jeanne , Lan Patrick , Rivas Brenna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article summarizes findings from a two‐year randomized control trial, focusing on a subset of 194 fourth graders with reading comprehension scores at or below the 15th percentile. Students in the treatment condition received an average of 94 daily 30‐min sessions of small group intervention implemented with fidelity by well‐trained research staff. Standardized measures of word identification, vocabulary, and comprehension, and an oral reading fluency measure were administered pre‐ and post‐testing. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between students in the treatment or business‐as‐usual conditions; effect sizes for comprehension were small (0.14 and 0.19); a quantile regression, however, revealed slightly larger effect sizes for students at the 0.25 to 0.50 quantiles. The effect sizes for word identification, fluency, and vocabulary were less than 0.05. We discuss implications of the study, as well as limitations and directions for future research. We conclude with recommendations for intensifying interventions.
The modernity of nations. A tribute to Walker Connor
Authors: Kitromilides Paschalis M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo fully appreciate Walker Connor's contribution to the foundation of the contemporary study of nationalism, two main factors must be taken into account. First, the context of positivist behavioural political science within which in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, he articulated his critique of the concept of nation‐building. In this context, Connor emerged as a critic of the limitations and the naivité of positivist modernization theory. His dissenting voice called for critical rethinking and revision of the central concepts of the theory of political development, some of which enjoyed almost doctrinal status. Second, despite his criticism of modernization theory, Connor retained a strong conviction that nations and national sentiment were the products of modernity; indeed, in his judgement, they formed the primary content of modernity. This too was a critical stance within the rising tide of nationalism studies since 1989–1990, when ideology and wishful thinking influenced to a considerable extent the interpretation of nationalism. Walker Connor's intellectual legacy should thus be understood as a heritage of critical thought that is informed by a noteworthy awareness of the moral responsibilities of scholarly analysis.
Quantifying cognitive dysfunction across the spectrum of end‐stage kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vanderlinden Jessica A. , Ross‐White Amanda , Holden Rachel , Shamseddin M. Khaled , Day Andrew , Boyd J. Gordon 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCognitive dysfunction is reportedly highly prevalent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A variety of screening tools and neuropsychiatric batteries are used to quantify the magnitude and nature of this dysfunction. Our objective is to summarize the neurocognitive testing used, and determine what degree cognitive dysfunction is reported in CKD patients. All study designs published in English that contained participants who were either pre‐dialysis patients, haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients or renal transplant recipients were considered. Reported comparative non‐CKD control data was also collected. All study designs were included. The search period encompassed articles from 1980 to May 2018. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018096568). Of the 1711 articles screened, 148 articles were relevant and used in the meta‐analysis. Commonly used assessments were The Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), The Modified Mini–Mental State Examination, the Trails Making Tests (TMT) forms A and B and components of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: Digit Span and Digit Symbol. Means for all assessments were adjusted using a random effects model to account for the differences in variance. Adjusted mean MMSE scores were significantly lower for both pre‐dialysis (26.08, n = 17 073) and HD (26.31, n = 3314) patients when compared to non‐CKD controls (28.21, n = 5226). PD (58.01 s, n = 859) and HD (56.04 s, n = 2344) patients also took significantly longer to complete the Trails Making Task A than non‐CKD controls (37.62 s, n = 4809). Patients with CKD, especially pre‐dialysis and those requiring dialysis, are likely to exhibit impairments in cognition that can be identified with specific screening neuropsychological assessments.
NovelDLX3variants in amelogenesis imperfecta with attenuated tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome
Authors: Whitehouse Laura L. E. , Smith Claire E. L. , Poulter James A. , Brown Catriona J. , Patel Anesha , Lamb Teresa , Brown Lucy R. , O’Sullivan Elizabeth A. , Mitchell Rowena E. , Berry Ian R. , Charlton Ruth , Inglehearn Chris F. , Mighell Alan J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesVariants in DLX3 cause tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome (TDO, MIM #190320), a systemic condition with hair, nail and bony changes, taurodontism and amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Different variants found within this gene are associated with different phenotypic presentations. To date, six differentDLX3variants have been reported in TDO. The aim of this paper was to explore and discuss three recently uncovered new variants inDLX3.Subjects and MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing identified a newDLX3variant in one family, recruited as part of an ongoing study of genetic variants associated with AI. Targeted clinical exome sequencing of two further families revealed another new variant ofDLX3and complete heterozygous deletion ofDLX3. For all three families, the phenotypes were shown to consist of AI and taurodontism, together with other attenuated features of TDO.Resultsc.574delG p.(E192Rfs*66), c.476G>T (p.R159L) and a heterozygous deletion of the entireDLX3coding region were identified in our families.ConclusionThese previously unreported variants add to the growing literature surrounding AI, allowing for more accurate genetic testing and better understanding of the associated clinical consequences.
The ethics of refugees
Authors: Gibney Matthew J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the face of the desperate plight of refugees, virtually all moral and political philosophers, regardless of their general position on immigration controls, argue that states have a duty to grant asylum: people must not be turned back to countries where they would face persecution or severe human rights violations. Yet this consensus obscures a number of thorny ethical issues raised by the plight of the displaced. In this piece, I want to draw from recent writing in political and ethical theory to bring some of these issues into view. I start by considering what a refugee is, before turning to the question how the obligations of political communities to the displaced are grounded. I then move to consider what societies owe to refugees and the question of international justice in the allocation of asylum. I conclude with a discussion of the moral responsibilities of refugees themselves.
Depressive symptoms and error‐related brain activity in CPS‐referred children
Authors: Tabachnick Alexandra R. , Valadez Emilio A. , Palmwood Erin N. , Zajac Lindsay , Simons Robert F. , Dozier Mary 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarly adversity such as maltreatment is associated with increased risk for psychopathology and atypical neurological development in children. The present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and error‐related brain activity (the error‐related negativity, or ERN) among children involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) and among comparison children. Results indicate that the relation between depressive symptoms and ERN amplitude depends on CPS involvement, such that depressive symptoms were associated with blunted ERNs only for CPS‐referred children. The present study can inform future research investigating the mechanisms by which experiences of adversity affect the association between symptoms and error‐related brain activity.
A Thermoelastohydrodynamic Analysis for the Static Performance of High-Speed—Heavy Load Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing Operating in the Turbulent Flow Regime and Comparisons to Test Data
Authors: Arihara Hirotoshi , Kameyama Yuki , Baba Yoshitaka , San Andrés Luis 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tilting-pad journal bearings (TPJBs) ensure rotordynamic stability that could otherwise produce dangerously large amplitude rotor oil-whirl/whip motions in high-speed rotating machinery. Currently, highly efficient turbo compressors demand an ever increasing rotor surface speed and specific load on its support bearings. The accurate prediction of bearing performance is vital to guarantee reliable products, specifically with regard to reducing maximum bearing pad temperature and drag power losses, and operating with the least flow rate while still maximizing load capacity. The hydrodynamic pressure and heat generation in an oil film acting on a bearing pad produce significant mechanical and thermal deformations that change the oil film geometry (clearance and preload) to largely affect the bearing performance, static, and dynamic. In addition, a high surface speed bearing often operates in the turbulent flow regime that produces a notable increase in power loss and a drop in maximum pad temperature. This paper details a thermoelastohydrodynamic (TEHD) analysis model applied to TPJBs, presents predictions for their steady-load performance, and discusses comparisons with experimental results to validate the model. The test bearing has four pads with a load between pads configuration; its length L = 76.2 mm and shaft diameter D = 101.6 mm (L/D = 0.75). The rotor top speed is 22.6 krpm, i.e., 120 m/s surface speed, and the maximum specific load is 2.94 MPa for an applied load of 23 kN. The test procedure records shaft speed and applied load, oil supply pressure/temperature and flow rate, and also measures the pads' temperature and shaft temperature, as well as the discharge oil (sump) temperature. The TEHD model couples a generalized Reynolds equation for the hydrodynamic pressure generation with a three-dimensional energy transport equation for the film temperature. The pad mechanical deformation due to pressure utilizes the finite elemental method, whereas an analytical model estimates thermally induced pad crowning deformations. For operation beyond the laminar flow regime, the analysis incorporates the eddy viscosity concept for fully developed turbulent flow operation. Current predictions demonstrate the influence of pressure and temperature fields on the pads mechanical and thermally induced deformation fields and also show static performance characteristics such as bearing power loss, flow rate, and pad temperatures. The comparisons of test results and analysis results reveal that turbulent flow effects significantly reduce the pads' maximum temperature while increasing the bearing power loss. Turbulent flow mixing increases the diffusion of thermal energy and makes more uniform the temperature profile across the film.