bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Summer Diurnal Cycle over Eastern South Africa
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Pohl Benjamin , Bhatt Bhuwan Chandra , Keenlyside Noel , Nkwinkwa Njouodo Arielle Stela 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Adopting a state-of-the-art numerical model system, we investigate how the diurnal variations in precipitation and local breeze systems are characterized by lower-boundary conditions related to the Drakensberg highland and warm SST associated with the Agulhas Current. A control simulation can simulate the hydrometeorological climates in the region realistically, but the terrestrial rainfall is overestimated. During daytime, the precipitation is confined to the Drakensberg highland, and there is an onshore local breeze, while during midnight to morning, the rainfall is confined to the Agulhas Current, and the breeze is offshore. These variations are captured by the numerical simulation, although the timing of maximum rainfall is early over the land and delayed over the ocean. The sensitivity experiment in which the Drakensberg is absent shows a drastic modification in the diurnal variations over land and ocean. The terrestrial precipitation is largely decreased around the Drakensberg and is largest along the coast during daytime. The nocturnal marine precipitation along the Agulhas Current is also reduced. Although the daily residual breeze is still pronounced even without the Drakensberg, wind speed is weakened. We attribute this to the reduction of precipitation. In another sensitivity experiment with smoothened warm SST due to the Agulhas Current, the amplitudes of diurnal variations are not modified remarkably, but the coastal rainfall is diminished to some extent due to less evaporation along the Agulhas Current. This study concludes that the Drakensberg plays a crucial role for the diurnal cycle, and the impact of the Agulhas Current is limited on the diurnal cycle of the coastal precipitation in this region.
The Political Economy of Progressive Uruguay, 2005–2016
Authors: Oyhantçabal Gabriel 
Published: October 2018

The 2005 election of the Frente Amplio (Broad Front) to the national government initiated a new stage in Uruguay’s recent history characterized by capital accumulation, increase of income for the working class, and the development of social policies. An analysis of the particularities of this historical period challenges official and liberal positions that attribute them exclusively to the capacities of government authorities. Progressiveness expresses a particular way of valorizing capital emerging from the crisis of neoliberalism that is characterized by the linking of capital accumulation with wage increases and social policies made possible by external conditions including the increase of ground rent and flows of foreign capital. La llegada del Frente Amplio al gobierno nacional en 2005 inició una nueva etapa en la historia reciente del Uruguay en el marco del cual se producirá un período virtuoso de acumulación de capital, mejora de los ingresos de la clase trabajadora y despliegue de políticas sociales. Discutiendo con las posturas oficialistas y liberales que atribuyen los resultados exclusivamente a las capacidades/incapacidades de los gobernantes, este artículo analiza las particularidades de este período histórico con foco en su economía política. Se propone que el progresismo expresa una forma particular de valorizar capital que nace de la crisis del neoliberalismo, y cuyo rasgo distintivo es que articula acumulación de capital con incremento salarial y políticas sociales gracias a condiciones externas ligadas al incremento de la renta de la tierra y al flujo de capital extranjero.
Measuring the Impact of Medication-Related Interventions on 30-Day Readmission Rates in a Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Amin Priya B. , Bradford Chad D. , Rizos Albert L. , Shah Bijal M. 
Published: October 2018

Background: There is a lack of published literature that measures the impact of transitional care pharmacist (TCP) medication-related interventions within the skilled nursing facility (SNF) setting. Objectives To evaluate the impact of TCP medication-related interventions on 30-day hospital readmissions among SNF patients compared to current standard of care. Methods: This was a retrospective pilot study. All patients included in the study were discharged from an inpatient facility to a SNF. The control group received transitional services from a care team with no pharmacist. The intervention group received transitional services from a care team plus a pharmacist. Results: The 30-day readmission rates in the intervention group were 14 (12%)/116 compared to the control group, 19 (16%)/116; however, the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .35). The median time to readmission was statistically significantly longer in the intervention group, 17.5 days, compared to the control group, 10 days ( P = .02). One hundred seventy-four medication-related interventions were performed in the intervention group during the study period. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that TCP interventions in an SNF are associated with a significant delay in readmission. A continuation of the pilot program may show a role in reducing all-cause 30-day readmission and ED visit rates.
Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacist Services in a Transitions of Care Program Provided to Patients at Highest Risk for Readmission
Authors: Fennelly Jessica E. , Coe Antoinette B. , Kippes Kellie A. , Remington Tami L. , Choe Hae Mi 
Published: October 2018

Background: An ambulatory transition of care program, including a pharmacist-provided comprehensive medication review (CMR), was implemented. Objectives: The objectives were to: (1) compare 30-day hospital readmission rates between those who received the pharmacist CMR versus eligible patients not scheduled, (2) describe identified problems and recommendations, and (3) quantify recommendation acceptance rates. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between March and October 2016. Inclusion criteria were: LACE score of ≥13, established Michigan Medicine primary care, and discharged from specific inpatient services to home. The primary outcome was 30-day hospital readmission rates. Pharmacist-identified problems, recommendations, and recommendation acceptance rates were examined. χ2 analysis and descriptive statistics were used. Results: 355 discharges met inclusion criteria and pharmacists provided CMRs for 159 patients. The average age was 60 years (standard deviation [SD]: 14.3), the majority were female (54%), and white/Caucasian (69%). There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission rates in patients who received a CMR (p = .96). A mean of 3.1 problems were identified per visit (SD: 1.8, range: 1-10). 509 recommendations were provided and approximately 50% were provider accepted. Conclusions: Reduced readmission rates were not observed; however, pharmacists identified many areas for intervention in highest risk patients during the transition from hospital to home.
Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Program in Hong Kong: A Replication
Authors: Ma Cecilia M. S. , Shek Daniel T. L. , Leung Hildie 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: In this study, we used the one-group pretest–posttest design to examine changes in students after joining a positive youth development program (Project PATHS) in Hong Kong, with 9,226 successfully matched junior high school students joining the Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 program(s). Method: Program participants completed the validated outcome measures on positive youth development, life satisfaction, and thriving before and after joining the program(s). Results: Students showed positive changes after joining the Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 program(s). The present findings replicated and converged with the findings of the previous two studies. Conclusion: The present study illustrates the role of positive youth development programs in promoting adolescent development and highlights the importance of replication in intervention research in positive youth development programs in youth services. The contributions and limitations of this series of studies are discussed.
Injury Pattern in Ligamentous Lisfranc Injuries in Competitive Athletes
Authors: Porter David A. , Barnes Adam F. , Rund Angela , Walrod Madison T. 
Published: October 2018

Background: We report data on the largest cohort to date of patients who sustained a ligamentous Lisfranc injury during sport. To date, the prevalence of concurrent intercuneiform ligament injuries in the competitive athlete with subtle Lisfranc instability has not been reported. Methods: Eighty-two patients (64 males, 18 females) sustained an unstable Lisfranc injury (49 left, 33 right) and met inclusion criteria. Injuries were classified as traditional dislocation (TRAD, first to second TMT ligament tear), medial column dislocation (MCD, second TMT, and medial-middle cuneiform ligament tear), or proximal extension dislocation (PE, first, second, and medial-middle cuneiform ligament tear) and the injury pattern confirmed at surgery. All athletes underwent open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) of each unstable midfoot segment. Fisher exact tests and 2-tailed t tests were used to analyze statistical significance according to injury pattern, sport, gender difference, hindfoot angle alignment, and injured side ( P < .05). Results: Average age of athletes was 21.0 ± 5.3 years old (range 12-40), and return to sports was 7.5 ± 2.1 months. Injury distribution was as follows: TRAD (n = 40), MCD (n = 17), and PE (n = 23). MCD trended toward a longer return to sport (8.4 ± 3.3 months, P = .074). Football was the most common sport at time of injury (n = 48). Wakeboard athletes (n = 5) were older (31.4 ± 3.2, P = .0002), and MCD tears were more prevalent among them ( P = .061). Basketball (n = 13) players were significantly younger (19.1 ± 2.5 years, P = .028) and returned to sports quicker (5.2 ± 0.7, P = .0002). Return to sport data indicated a typical population for athletes with Lisfranc injury in these sports. Conclusion: Proximal extension disruption (intercuneiform ligament tear) occurred in 50% of these low-energy Lisfranc athletic injuries. MCD and PE may be more prevalent than previously understood. This is the first study to document the extent, pattern, and prevalence of associated intercuneiform ligament tears in the competitive athlete with a low-energy subtle, unstable Lisfranc injury. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Profibrotic effects of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor beta on feline kidney epithelial cells
Authors: van Beusekom Cyrina D , Zimmering Tanja M 
Published: October 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin II (AT-II) and its main mediator, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), in the development of feline renal fibrosis. Methods Expression of marker genes indicating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), profibrotic mediators and matricellular proteins was measured in feline kidney epithelial cells (Crandell Rees feline kidney [CRFK] cells) after incubation with AT-II and/or TGF-β1. Results Cells incubated with TGF-β1 or the combination of TGF-β1 with AT-II showed clear EMT with more stretched fibroblastic cells, whereas the cells incubated without TGF-β1 and AT-II (control) showed more epithelial cells. Gene expression of collagen type I ( COL1), tenascin-C ( TNC), trombospondin-1 ( TSP-1), connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α-SMA) increased significantly after incubation of the CRFK cells with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 in combination with AT-II for 12 h. As incubation of the CRFK cells with only AT-II did not show any significant rise in gene expression of the above-mentioned genes, this was further investigated. In contrast to healthy feline kidney tissue, CRFK cells showed almost no expression of the AT-II type 1 (AT1) receptor. Conclusions and relevance TGF-β1 significantly induced expression of the EMT marker gene α-SMA, profibrotic mediator CTGF, and fibrogenic proteins COL1, TNC and TSP-1 in CRFK cells. The effect of TGF-β1 on myofibroblast formation was also observed by the stretched appearance of the CRFK cells. As CRFK cells expressed almost no AT1 receptors, this cell line proved not suitable for testing the efficacy of drugs that interact with the AT1 receptor. As AT-II stimulates the effects of TGF-β1 in mammals, the results of this study suggest an indirect profibrotic effect of AT-II besides the demonstrated profibrotic effect of TGF-β1 and thus the development of feline renal fibrosis. Modulation of EMT or proliferation of myofibroblasts could serve as a diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutic target to inhibit renal fibrogenesis, and could possibly serve in the therapy of feline renal fibrosis.
Telemedicine in the correctional setting: A scoping review
Authors: Senanayake Buddhika , Wickramasinghe Sumudu I , Eriksson Lars , Smith Anthony C , Edirippulige Sisira 
Published: October 2018

Introduction The access healthcare services to inmates within correctional settings has generally been low and problematic due to specific nature of the prison setting. Telemedicine has been used as an alternative delivery mode. This study aimed to collate the current evidence related to the use of telemedicine to deliver health services within correctional settings. Methods A comprehensive search of seven databases – PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Informit, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO and Scopus, for peer-reviewed publications was conducted in April, 2018. Results Initial search identified 1147 articles. After review of the title and abstract, 36 articles were included in the final review. Of the included articles, 19 (53%) were published during the period of 2010-2018. Articles were predominantly from the USA ( n = 23; 64 %), France and Australia. There were 23 descriptive studies (64%), five costing studies (14%) five experimental studies (14%), two mixed methods (6%) and one qualitative study (3%). The experimental studies were predominantly focused on mental health services ( n = 4, 80%). The commonest telemedicine intervention used was synchronous videoconferencing ( n = 21, 58%), while eight articles (22%) described asynchronous interventions. Telemedicine interventions were mainly used for mental health ( n = 13), and ophthalmology ( n = 4) disciplines. Discussion In the right circumstances, telemedicine interventions within correctional settings seem to be a useful method in connecting inmates with essential health services.
The governors of school markets? Local education authorities, school choice and equity in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Varjo Janne , Lundström Ulf , Kalalahti Mira 
Published: October 2018

As one of the key elements of the Nordic welfare model, education systems are based on the idea of providing equal educational opportunities, regardless of gender, social class and geographic origin. Since the 1990s, Nordic welfare states have undergone a gradual but wide-ranging transformation towards a more market-based mode of public service delivery. Along this trajectory, the advent of school choice policy and the growing variation in the between-school achievement results have diversified the previously homogenous Nordic education systems. The aim of our paper is to analyse how Finnish and Swedish local education authorities comprehend and respond to the intertwinement of the market logic of school choice and the ideology of equality. The data consist of two sets of in-depth thematic interviews with staff from the local providers of education, municipal education authorities. The analysis discloses the ways in which national legislation has authorized municipal authorities to govern the provision of education.
Postoperative Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Use and Nasal Saline Rinses After Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Practice Pattern Survey
Authors: Choi David L. , Reddy Kesava , Weitzel Erik K. , Rotenberg Brian W. , Vescan Allan , Algird Almunder , D. Sommer Doron 
Published: October 2018

Background Endoscopic skull base surgery continues to evolve in its indications, techniques, instrumentation, and postoperative care. As surgery of the skull base will often violate dura, intraoperative and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is not uncommon and represents a potential conduit for air and bacterial contamination. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy undergoing skull base surgery represent a challenging group. However, there appears to be a paucity of consensus regarding the postoperative management of this patient population. The objective of this study is to examine practice patterns and expert opinion on the use of postoperative CPAP and nasal saline in patients with OSA. Methods A 14-item survey was generated by consensus among expert authors and distributed online to members of the North American Skull Base society and other international skull base community members. Data were analyzed for median, mean, and standard deviation variables. Subgroup analysis was completed between surgeons from different geographical locations and operative experience. SPSS22 was utilized for all complex statistical analysis and figures. Results Seventy-one responses were collected from skull base surgeons. In patients with OSA, respondents would resume patients’ CPAP therapy after a mean of 10.1 days (median, 7; standard deviation [SD], 10.2), without a CSF leak. In the presence of a small CSF leak, the mean duration would increase to 14.3 days (median, 14; SD, 9.8) and to 20.7 days (median, 21; SD, 11.8) in the presence of a larger leak. A surgeon’s choice to attribute the relationship between delaying the start of nasal saline and CPAP after the endoscopic skull base surgery with progressively more challenging skull base repair was found to be statistically significant ( P < .001). Conclusion Saline and CPAP therapies are initiated after the endoscopic skull base surgical repairs by surgeons at an increasing temporal delay in relation to the degree and complexity of the skull base defect repaired.
Longer colonic transit time is associated with laxative and drug use, lifestyle factors, and symptoms of constipation
Authors: Bohlin Johan , Dahlin Erik , Dreja Julia , Roth Bodil , Ekberg Olle , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: October 2018

Background Gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in colonic transit time (CTT) are common in the population. Purpose To evaluate consecutive patients who had been examined for CTT, along with completion of a diary about laxative and drug use, lifestyle factors, and gastrointestinal symptoms, to identify possible associations with longer or prolonged CTT. Material and Methods A total of 610 consecutive patients had undergone the radiopaque marker method with an abdominal X-ray for clinical purposes. The patients had completed a diary regarding medical treatment, lifestyle factors, stool habits, and their perceived constipation and abdominal pain during the examination period. The associations between CTT and laxative use, lifestyle factors, stool habits, and symptoms were calculated by logistic regression. Results Women had longer CTT (2.5 [1.6–3.9] vs. 1.7 [1.1–3.0] days, P < 0.001), lower weekly stool frequency (6 [3–10] vs. 8 [5–12], P = 0.001), and perceived more constipation ( P = 0.025) and abdominal pain ( P = 0.001) than men. High coffee consumption ( P = 0.045), bulk-forming ( P = 0.007) and osmotic ( P = 0.001) laxatives, and lower stool frequency, shaped stool, and perceived constipation ( P for trend < 0.001) were associated with longer CTT. In total, 382 patients (63%) were treated with drugs affecting motility. In the 228 patients without drug treatment, longer CTT was associated with female sex and smoking, and lower frequency of symptoms and prolonged CTT were observed compared to patients using drugs. Tea, alcohol, and abdominal pain did not associate with CTT. Conclusions Female sex, coffee, smoking, drug use, infrequent stools, shaped stool, and perception of constipation are associated with longer or prolonged CTT.
Risk of HBV reactivation in patients with B-cell lymphomas receiving obinutuzumab or rituximab immunochemotherapy
Authors: Kusumoto Shigeru , Arcaini Luca , Hong Xiaonan , Jin Jie , Kim Won Seog , Kwong Yok Lam , Peters Marion G. , Tanaka Yasuhito , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Kuriki Hiroshi , Fingerle-Rowson Günter , Nielsen Tina , Ueda Eisuke , Piper-Lepoutre Hanna , Sellam Gila , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation was assessed in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients with resolved HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen negative, hepatitis B core antibody positive) who received obinutuzumab- or rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy in the phase 3 GOYA and GALLIUM studies. HBV DNA monitoring was undertaken monthly to 1 year after the last dose of study drug. In case of HBV reactivation (confirmed, HBV DNA ≥29 IU/mL), immunochemotherapy was withheld and nucleos(t)ide analog treatment (preemptive NAT) started. Immunochemotherapy was restarted if HBV DNA became undetectable or reactivation was not confirmed, and discontinued if HBV DNA exceeded 100 IU/mL on NAT. Prophylactic NAT was allowed by investigator discretion. Among 326 patients with resolved HBV infection, 27 (8.2%) had HBV reactivation, occurring a median of 125 days (interquartile range, 85-331 days) after the first dose. In 232 patients without prophylactic NAT, 25 (10.8%) had HBV reactivation; all received preemptive NAT. Ninety-four patients received prophylactic NAT; 2 (2.1%) had HBV reactivation. No patients developed HBV-related hepatitis. On multivariate Cox analysis, detectable HBV DNA at baseline was strongly associated with an increased risk of reactivation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 18.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.04-54.93; P &lt; .0001). Prophylactic NAT was strongly associated with a reduced risk (adjusted HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.41; P = .0018). HBV DNA monitoring–guided preemptive NAT was effective in preventing HBV-related hepatitis during anti–CD20-containing immunochemotherapy in B-cell NHL patients with resolved HBV infection. Antiviral prophylaxis was also effective and may be appropriate for high-risk patients. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01287741 (GOYA) and NCT01332968 (GALLIUM).
The ASEAN experience of the purchasing power parity theory
Authors: Murad S. M. Woahid , Hossain Mohammad Amzad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015. We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test as proposed by Pesaran (J Appl Econ 22:265-312, 2007). For panel cointegration analysis, we employed the four error-correction-based Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748, 2007) panel cointegration tests. The Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748, 2007) tests are general enough to permit a large degree of heterogeneity, both in the long-run cointegrating relationship and in the short-run dynamics, and dependence within as well as across the cross-sectional units. To check the robustness of the results, we further estimated the cointegration test excluding Indonesia and Brunei. The findings support our initial results. Further, all the results overwhelmingly support the relative PPP hypothesis. Consequently, the monetary authority would be able to implement a self-regulating monetary policy. It would also be able to control the exchange rates.