bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic factors for the recurrence and metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics at an oncological hospital in Peru
Authors: Cruzado-Sanchez Deivy , Tellez Walter Andree , Villarreal-Aguilar Beltran , Melendez Monica , Olivera Anibal , Moran Fiorella , Serpas-Frias Solon , Cordero-Garcia Raul 
Published: October 2019

Background/aimsConjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most frequent malignant tumour of the conjunctiva, with scarce recurrence and infrequent metastasis. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of this neoplasm and to identify the prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis in a cancer hospital in Peru.Materials and methodA longitudinal, retrospective study of 176 consecutive patients diagnosed with SCC of the conjunctiva. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves were performed, and Cox regression was used to determine prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis over time.ResultOnly 12.5% presented tumour size ≤5 mm. The highest proportion according to the histopathological type was the well-differentiated infiltrative forms (40.9%), and according to tumour, node, metastases (TNM), stage T3 was the most frequent (31.3%). The most performed initial treatment was orbital exenteration (38.6%). The proportion of recurrence was 6.8% and 8.0% for metastasis. The annual survival rate was 7% and the annual metastasis rate was 6%; for recurrence after 5 years, the survival rate was 11% and the metastasis rate was 14%. No prognostic factor evaluated was significant.ConclusionThis is the most extensive patient study in Latin America with CSCC, with a high proportion of advanced histopathological grade, TNM stages, and radical treatments such as exenteration. Recurrence rates on average are similar to other reported studies, and it describes the rates of metastasis that have been poorly described in the literature.
Do we underestimate maximal oxygen uptake in cancer survivors? Findings from a supramaximal verification test
Authors: Schneider Justine , Schlüter Kathrin , Wiskemann Joachim , Rosenberger Friederike 
Published: October 2019

Cancer survivors demonstrate a reduced maximal oxygen uptake, which is clinically relevant in terms of overall survival. However, it remains uncertain whether they attain their “true maximal oxygen uptake” in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). In the present study, a supramaximal verification bout (Verif) was applied in cancer survivors to confirm attainment of maximal oxygen uptake. Seventy-five participants (age, 61 ± 12 years; n = 43 females with breast cancer and n = 32 males with prostate cancer, 6–52 weeks after primary therapy) performed a CPET on a cycle ergometer and a Verif at 110% peak power output. As verification criterion, maximal oxygen uptake in Verif should not exceed maximal oxygen uptake in CPET by >3%. On average, maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower in Verif compared with CPET (1.60 ± 0.38 L·min–1 vs. 1.65 ± 0.36 L·min–1, p = .023). On the individual level, n = 51 (68%) satisfied the verification criterion, whereas n = 24 (32%) demonstrated a higher maximal oxygen uptake in Verif. n = 69 (92%) fulfilled ≥2 secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion in the CPET. While maximal oxygen uptake was not underestimated in the CPET on average, one-third of cancer survivors did not attain their true maximal oxygen uptake. Verif appears feasible and beneficial to confirm true maximal oxygen uptake in this population. Furthermore, it might be more reliable than secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion. Novelty In about one-third of cancer survivors, maximal oxygen uptake is underestimated by a CPET. This underestimation of maximal oxygen uptake is not necessarily indicated by secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion. A supramaximal verification bout appears feasible and helpful for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake in cancer survivors.
Holography of low-centrality heavy ion collisions
Authors: McInnes Brett 
Published: October 2019

Large vorticities in the Quark–Gluon Plasma produced in peripheral collisions studied by the STAR collaboration at the RHIC facility have been deduced from observations of polarizations of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] hyperons. Recently, the STAR collaboration has reported on the dependence of these polarizations on centrality, at impact energy 200 GeV and relatively large centralities [Formula: see text]. The polarizations increase slowly with centrality, up to perhaps [Formula: see text]. Here we use a holographic model of the vortical QGP to make predictions regarding these polarizations for smaller centralities, ranging from 5–20%. The model predicts that as one moves downwards from 20%, [Formula: see text] polarizations at first decrease but then increase sharply, in a characteristic pattern which should be readily detected if collisions can be studied at impact energies below 200 GeV and centrality as low as 5–10%. The effect should be most evident at moderate impact energies below 200 GeV, so we give predictions for impact energy 27 GeV.
High Load Fast Startup Sensorless Control of Wheel BLDC Motor with Line-to-Line Back EMF Extraction Using Least Pth-Norm IIR Digital Filter
Authors: Soni Umesh Kumar , Tripathi Ramesh Kumar 
Published: October 2019

In this paper, an effective scheme of on-load startup with reduced current has been proposed for BLDC motor and the steady as well as dynamic performance in all four quadrants was verified. Hysteresis band-limited back EMF noise provides the starting pulses, the frequency of which depends on the threshold factor in speed proportional threshold. Scheme is quite fast, comparatively to the state-of-the art schemes of startup and less complex than time-consuming initial position detection (IPD) algorithm. Second-order least [Formula: see text]th-norm infinite impulse response (IIR) digital low pass filter realized in MATLAB/Simulink has been used for extraction of line-to line back EMF from line-to-line terminal voltages measured with two voltage sensors. Proposed filter has wide flexibility of online variation of cut-off frequency, gain and phase without any circuit-based modification due to variability of filter coefficients. This enables the smooth filtering with minimized phase delay in low speed range irrespective of any duty cycle and PWM frequency. Linear compensation of phase error or phase advancement for desired current profile can easily be achieved by the varying the threshold factor. In this experiment, the threshold factor of 1/1460 has been found most suitable for smooth sensorless startup without jerk, vibration and reverse rotation, as the motor operates in advanced mode with this value. First, the performance of Hall sensor-based drive was studied using open loop variable duty cycle speed control. The controller was designed in MATLAB/Simulink platform and implemented using TMS320F28069M DSP control stick with Code composer Studio V5. Later on, a complete controller for proposed sensorless scheme was developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment and was implemented using NI-PCI6221 Controller installed in PC. The proposed sensorless drive has been found capable of operating at very low speed of 50[Formula: see text]rpm in voltage control mode and 85[Formula: see text]rpm in current chopping PWM mode. Approximately 85[Formula: see text]ms less time was taken by sensorless drive to reach the same speed when compared with Hall-based control for identical loading. Also less overshoots during startup was observed. Overlap time of 0.05[Formula: see text]ms between phase currents has been achieved during commutation period.
PREPARATION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY-DOPED TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY TWO VARIOUS MODIFIED COPRECIPITATION METHODS
Authors: GUO YU , LIU SHIMIN , LIANG DONGDONG , WANG ZHINUO , JIANG WEIWEI , LIU CHAOQIAN , WANG HUALIN , WANG NAN , DING WANYU , WANG LI , XU SHICHONG 
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the synthesis and electrical properties of antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles by precipitate-modified coprecipitation and solution-modified coprecipitation starting from different amounts of nitric acid and ethanol as modified additives. The aim of this study was to decrease the electrical resistivity of antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles and determine the relationship between the crystalline size and electrical properties. Results indicated that all samples revealed the existence of tetragonal antimony-substituted SnO2 crystals. Antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles were 4.6–5.8 nm in diameter depending on both the amounts of nitric acid and ethanol as well as coprecipitation methods. The electrical resistivity changed dramatically from 0.86 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm to 0.31 [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm depending on the amounts of nitric acid and ethanol as well as coprecipitation methods. Interestingly, the smaller the ratio between the crystal size calculated according to (110) plane and the crystal size calculated according to (101) plane was, the smaller the electrical resistivity of antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles was achieved as a function of the amounts of nitric acid and ethanol as well as coprecipitation methods.
Standing waves with a critical frequency for a quasilinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Fang Xiang-Dong 
Published: October 2019

We consider the following quasilinear Schrödinger equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] satisfies a weaker growth condition than the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition in Byeon and Wang [Standing waves with a critical frequency for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 165(4) (2002) 295–316; Standing waves with a critical frequency for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, II, Calc. Var. 18(2) (2003) 207–219]. We obtain the existence of the localized bound state solutions concentrating at an isolated component of the local minimum of [Formula: see text] and whose amplitude goes to 0 as [Formula: see text].
Higher-dimensional Clifford–Severi equalities
Authors: Barja Miguel Ángel , Pardini Rita , Stoppino Lidia 
Published: October 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a smooth complex projective variety, [Formula: see text] a morphism to an abelian variety such that [Formula: see text] injects into [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a line bundle on [Formula: see text]; denote by [Formula: see text] the minimum of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The so-called Clifford–Severi inequalities have been proven in [M. A. Barja, Generalized Clifford–Severi inequality and the volume of irregular varieties, Duke Math. J. 164(3) (2015) 541–568; M. A. Barja, R. Pardini and L. Stoppino, Linear systems on irregular varieties, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu (2019) 1–39; doi:10.1017/S1474748019000069]; in particular, for any [Formula: see text] there is a lower bound for the volume given by: [Formula: see text] and, if [Formula: see text] is pseudoeffective, [Formula: see text] In this paper, we characterize varieties and line bundles for which the above Clifford–Severi inequalities are equalities.
The Cross-Sectional Spillovers of Single Stock Circuit Breakers
Authors: Brugler James , Linton Oliver , Noss Joseph , Pedace Lucas 
Published: October 2019

This paper uses transaction data to estimate how single stock circuit breakers on the London Stock Exchange affect other stocks that remain in continuous trading. This “spillover” effect is estimated by calculating the effect of a trading halt on the market quality of stocks that remain in continuous trading and comparing this with the effect of a stock whose absolute returns are of a magnitude nearly sufficient to trigger a trading halt but do not do so. Market quality is measured using a combination of trading costs, volatility and volume. In the two-month period we study, characterized by a relatively volatile trading environment, we find that circuit breakers lead to a significant improvement in the liquidity, and reduction in the volatility, of stocks that remain in continuous trading. This suggests that — at least over the period covered by our data — single stock circuit breakers can play an important role in reducing the spillover of poor market quality across stocks.
Evaluating Auto-Vectorizing Compilers through Objective Withdrawal of Useful Information
Authors: Siso Sergi , Armour Wes , Thiyagalingam Jeyarajan 
Published: October 2019

The need for compilers to generate highly vectorized code is at an all-time high with the increasing vectorization capabilities of modern processors. To this end, the information that compilers have at their disposal, either through code analysis or via user annotations, is instrumental for auto-vectorization, and hence for the overall performance. However, the information that is available to compilers at compile time and its accuracy varies greatly, as does the resulting performance of vectorizing compilers. Benchmarks like the Test Suite for Vectorizing Compilers (TSVC) have been developed to evaluate the vectorization capability of such compilers. The overarching approach of TSVC and similar benchmarks is to evaluate the compilers under the best possible scenario (i.e., assuming that compilers have access to all useful contextual information at compile time). Although this idealistic view is useful to observe the capability of compilers for auto-vectorization, it is not a true reflection of the conditions found in real-world applications.
In this article, we propose a novel method for evaluating the auto-vectorization capability of compilers. Instead of assuming that compilers have access to a wealth of information at compile time, we formulate a method to objectively supply or withdraw information that would otherwise aid the compiler in the auto-vectorization process. This method is orthogonal to the approach adopted by TSVC, and as such, it provides the means of assessing the capabilities of modern vectorizing compilers in a more detailed way.
Using this new method, we exhaustively evaluated five industry-grade compilers (GNU, Intel, Clang, PGI, and IBM) on four representative vector platforms (AVX-2, AVX-512 (Skylake), AVX-512 (KNL), and AltiVec) using the modified version of TSVC and application-level proxy kernels. The results show the impact that withdrawing information has on the vectorization capabilities of each compiler and also prove the validity of the presented technique.
Asphalion: trustworthy shielding against Byzantine faults
Authors: Vukotic Ivana , Rahli Vincent , Esteves-Veríssimo Paulo 
Published: October 2019

Byzantine fault-tolerant state-machine replication (BFT-SMR) is a technique for hardening systems to tolerate arbitrary faults. Although robust, BFT-SMR protocols are very costly in terms of the number of required replicas (3f+1 to tolerate f faults) and of exchanged messages. However, with "hybrid" architectures, where "normal" components trust some "special" components to provide properties in a trustworthy manner, the cost of using BFT can be dramatically reduced. Unfortunately, even though such hybridization techniques decrease the message/time/space complexity of BFT protocols, they also increase their structural complexity.
Therefore, we introduce Asphalion, the first theorem prover-based framework for verifying implementations of hybrid systems and protocols. It relies on three novel languages: (1) HyLoE: a Hybrid Logic of Events to reason about hybrid fault models; (2) MoC: a Monadic Component language to implement systems as collections of interacting hybrid components; and (3) LoCK: a sound Logic of events-based Calculus of Knowledge to reason about both homogeneous and hybrid systems at a high-level of abstraction (thereby allowing reusing proofs, and capturing the high-level logic of distributed systems). In addition, Asphalion supports compositional reasoning, e.g., through mechanisms to lift properties about trusted-trustworthy components, to the level of the distributed systems they are integrated in. As a case study, we have verified crucial safety properties (e.g., agreement) of several implementations of hybrid protocols.
Rifampicin, not vitamin E, suppresses parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease development through the pregnane X receptor pathway in piglets
Authors: Guthrie Gregory , Stoll Barbara , Chacko Shaji , Lauridsen Charlotte , Plat Jogchum , Burrin Douglas 
Published: October 2019

Infants receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) develop PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). We previously (Ng K et al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 40: 656–671, 2016. doi: 10.1177/0148607114567900 .) showed that PN containing soy-based lipid supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) prevents the development of PNALD. We hypothesize that this occurs via vitamin E activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated pathways involved in bile acid metabolism. Neonatal piglets received PN for 14 days containing Intralipid (IL; soy-based lipid emulsion), IL supplemented with 12.6 mg·kg−1·day−1vitamin E (VITE), or IL with 10 mg·kg−1·day−1Rifadin IV (RIF), a PXR agonist. Pigs treated with IL and VITE, but not RIF, developed cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia, markers of liver disease. The hepatic PXR target genes CYP3A29 and UGT1A6 increased during RIF treatment. RIF also modestly increased metabolism of chenodeoxycholic acid to the more hydrophilic bile acid hyocholic acid. Serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, a key regulator in suppressing hepatic bile acid synthesis, significantly increased in the RIF group. We conclude rifampicin modified markers of PNALD development by increased metabolism of bile acids and potentially suppressed bile acid synthesis. Vitamin E was ineffective at high lipid doses in preventing PNALD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intravenous vitamin E and rifampicin were administered to neonatal piglets receiving parenteral nutrition to determine their efficacy in reducing the progression of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Rifampicin increased serum FGF-19 concentrations and synthesis of the bile acid hyocholic acid which led to a reduction of PNALD parameters at 2 wk of administration. This result has potential clinical implications for the use of rifampicin as a safe and inexpensive treatment for short-term development of PNALD.
Hepatitis B virus-triggered PTEN/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling enhances PD-L1 expression to promote immune evasion
Authors: Sun Yishuang , Yu Mengxue , Qu Mengmeng , Ma Yuhong , Zheng Dandan , Yue Yanan , Guo Shuting , Tang Li , Li Guorui , Zheng Weishuai , Wang Min , Guo Deyin , Li Changyong 
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exploits multiple strategies to evade host immune surveillance. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling plays a critical role in regulating T cell homeostasis. However, it remains largely unknown as to how HBV infection elevates PD-L1 expression in hepatocytes. A mouse model of HBV infection was established by hydrodynamic injection with a vector containing 1.3-fold overlength HBV genome (pHBV1.3) via the tail vein. Coculture experiments with HBV-expressing hepatoma cells and Jurkat T cells were established in vitro. We observed significant decrease in the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and increase in β-catenin/PD-L1 expression in liver tissues from patients with chronic hepatitis B and mice subjected to pHBV1.3 hydrodynamic injection. Mechanistically, decrease in PTEN enhanced β-catenin/c-Myc signaling and PD-L1 expression in HBV-expressing hepatoma cells, which in turn augmented PD-1 expression, lowered IL-2 secretion, and induced T cell apoptosis. However, β-catenin disruption inhibited PTEN-mediated PD-L1 expression, which was accompanied by decreased PD-1 expression, and increased IL-2 production in T cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that c-Myc stimulated transcriptional activity of PD-L1. In addition, HBV X protein (HBx) and HBV polymerase (HBp) contributed to PTEN downregulation and β-catenin/PD-L1 upregulation. Strikingly, PTEN overexpression in hepatocytes inhibited β-catenin/PD-L1 signaling and promoted HBV clearance in vivo. Our findings suggest that HBV-triggered PTEN/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling via HBx and HBp enhances PD-L1 expression, leading to inhibition of T cell response, and promotes HBV immune evasion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that during HBV infection, HBV can increase PD-L1 expression via PTEN/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway, which in turn inhibits T cell response and ultimately promotes HBV immune evasion. Targeting this signaling pathway is a potential strategy for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.
Shared Decision-Making About End-of-Life Care Scenarios Compared Among Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients
Authors: Thompson Jessica Harman , Thylén Ingela , Moser Debra K. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Authors of expert guidelines and consensus statements recommend that decisions at the end-of-life (EOL) be discussed before and after implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and include promotion of shared decision-making. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences, attitudes, and knowledge about the ICD at EOL in ICD recipients and to compare experiences, attitudes, and knowledge in ICD recipients with and without heart failure (HF). We further sought to determine factors associated with having discussions about EOL.

Methods and Results:

Using a national registry in Sweden of all ICD recipients (n=5355) in 2012, an EOL questionnaire, along with other ICD-related measures, was completed by 2403 ICD recipients. Of the participants, 1275 (n=53%) had HF. Their responses in the knowledge, experience, and attitude domains were almost identical to those without HF. Forty percent of patients with and without HF did not want to discuss their illness trajectory or deactivation of their ICD ever. In logistic regression analyses, we found that having had an ICD shock (OR, 2.05; CI, 1.64–2.56), having high levels of anxiety (OR, 1.41; CI, 1.04–1.92), and having high levels of ICD concerns (OR, 1.53; CI, 1.22–1.92) were the only significant predictors of having discussions with providers about EOL scenarios (
P
<0.001 for full model).

Conclusions:
HF was not a predictor of having an EOL conversation. Further research is needed to determine if attitudes related to not wanting to discuss EOL interfere with good quality of life and of death, or if shared decision-making should be encouraged in these individuals.