bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression of growth factors with angiogenic potential in human dental pulp tissue from teeth with complete and incomplete root development
Authors: Gomez‐Sosa J. F. , Caviedes‐Bucheli J. , Diaz‐Barrera L. E. , Munoz H. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify the expression of angiogenic growth factors (ANG2, VEGFA, TGFß1) and their corresponding receptors (VEGFR1, VGFR2, NRP1 and TGFßR1) in human dental pulps from extracted third molars with complete and incomplete root development.MethodologyFifty‐six dental pulp samples obtained from freshly extracted human third molars were divided equally into two groups according to their stage of root development; 28 third molars with complete root development and 28 third molars with incomplete root development. All samples were processed and total RNA was extracted, cDNA was then synthetized for each sample and the target genes expression profiles for ANG2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NRP1, TGFß1 and TGFßR1 were obtained by RT2‐PCR. The data was analysed with a Student's t‐test to compare the replicate ∆∆Ct values for each gene.ResultsTeeth with incomplete root development were associated with a significantly greater gene expression of TGFβR1 (P = 0.03), whereas in teeth with complete root development the genes that had significantly greater expression were VEGFA (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe angiogenic growth factors (ANG2, VEGFA, TGFβ1) and their receptors (NRP1, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and TGFßR1) were expressed in pulps of teeth with complete and incomplete root development measured by RT2‐PCR, with TGFBR1 genes being significantly different in teeth with incomplete root development and VEGFA genes in teeth with complete root development.
Collaborative network to take responsibility for oral anticancer therapy (CONTACT): Study‐protocol investigating the impact of a care pathway
Authors: Kinnaer Lise‐Marie , Decoene Elsie , Van Hecke Ann , Foulon Veerle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, meaningfulness and appropriateness of the development and implementation of a transmural care pathway in four hospitals in Flanders to improve self‐management support in healthcare professionals and self‐management in patients treated with oral anticancer drugs.DesignA multicentre, prospective, interventional before‐after study.MethodThe development and implementation of the care pathway is based on the 7‐phase method by Vanhaecht et al. (2012). Before and after, the care process will be evaluated from the perspective of patients, healthcare professionals in the hospital and from primary care and the available evidence. In both study‐parts, a mixed methods approach will be used including observations, semi‐structured interviews, focus groups and validated questionnaires for outcome assessments. The primary outcome is self‐management in patients and self‐efficacy and perception towards self‐management in healthcare professionals. This study was funded in October 2015 and has been approved by the Ethics Committee in June 2016.DiscussionDue to the growing number of patients taking oral anticancer drugs, there is need for a rigorous study that aims to optimize self‐management in patients and self‐management support provided by an interdisciplinary team of healthcare professionals (including oncology nurses and clinical nurse specialists). The care pathway should therefore consist of effective self‐management supporting interventions and should clearly define the role of all stakeholders.ImpactThis study attempts to obtain standardization, uniformity and continuity of self‐management support provided by healthcare professionals to patients on oral anticancer drugs with the aim to achieve an adequate level of self‐management.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02861209.
Medical reasoning and doctor‐patient communication
Authors: Stanley Donald E. , Sehon Scott R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNineteenth‐century American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce offered a picture of the scientific method that can be fruitfully applied to the practice of medical diagnosis. Physicians can use this framework to become more self‐consciously aware of what they are doing when they diagnose medical conditions, and they can also learn more about the potential pitfalls of communication between physicians and their patients.
Individual behaviour and resource use of thermally stressed brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis portend the conservation potential of thermal refugia
Authors: White Shannon L. , Kline Benjamen C. , Hitt Nathaniel P. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndividual aggression and thermal refuge use were monitored in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a controlled laboratory to determine how fish size and personality influence time spent in forage and thermal habitat patches during periods of thermal stress. On average, larger and more exploratory fish initiated more aggressive interactions and across all fish there was decreased aggression at warmer temperatures. Individual personality did not explain changes in aggression or habitat use with increased temperature; however, larger individuals initiated comparatively fewer aggressive interactions at warmer temperatures. Occupancy of forage patches generally declined as ambient stream temperatures approached critical maximum and fish increased thermal refuge use, with a steeper decline in forage patch occupancy observed in larger fish. These findings suggest that larger individuals may be more vulnerable to stream temperature rise. Importantly, even at thermally stressful temperatures, all fish periodically left the thermal refuge to forage. This indicates that the success of refugia at increasing population survival during periods of stream temperature rise may depend on the location of thermal refugia relative to forage locations within the larger habitat mosaic. These results provide insights into the potential for thermal refugia to improve population survival and can be used to inform predictions of population vulnerability to climate change.
Further evaluation of the efficacy of emamectin benzoate for treating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Dujardin 1843) in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822)
Authors: Kent Michael L. , Watral Virginia , Gaulke Christopher A. , Sharpton Thomas J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPseudocapillaria tomentosa is a pathogenic nematode parasite, causing emaciation and severe inflammatory lesions in the intestines in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). Emamectin benzoate is commercially available analogue of ivermectin used for treating salmon for sea lice, under the brand name SLICE®, and we have used this for treating zebrafish with the P. tomentosa. Here, SLICE®, 0.2 per cent active emamectin benzoate, was used for oral treatments at 0.35 mg emamectin benzoate/kg fish/day for 14 days starting at 7 days post‐exposure (dpe). Another experiment entailed initiating treatment during clinical disease (starting at 28 dpe). Early treatment was very effective, but delaying treatment was less so, presumably due to inappetence in clinically affected fish. We evaluated emamectin benzoate delivered in water, using Lice‐Solve™ (mectinsol; 1.4% active emamectin benzoate) in two experiments. Application of four 24‐hr treatments, space over 7 days was initiated at 28 dpe at either 0.168 or 0.56 mg emamectin benzoate/L/bath, and both treatments completely eradicated infections. This was 3 or 10 times manufacture's recommended dose, but was not associated with clinical or histological side effects.
The impact of living with home enteral feeding: perspectives of people who have had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer
Authors: Thomas A. , Sowerbutts A. M. , Burden S. T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of people with head and neck cancer who are home enterally fed continues to grow each year. Insertion of a feeding tube is common place in these patients and is considered to have a detrimental effect on quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the daily impact of home enteral feeding (HEF) from the perspective of people who have had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer.MethodsThe methodology aligned with interpretative phenomenology analysis. People who were home enterally fed, with head and neck cancer, and aged ≥18 years were recruited. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysis focused on what the daily impact of HEF meant for participants.ResultsData saturation was achieved after interviewing 15 participants. Five cluster themes were identified. ‘Deviation from the norm’ encompassed change and loss of normality. ‘Regaining control leading to empowerment’ encompassed participant empowerment through development of new skills and adjusting the feeding regime. ‘Creating a new normal’ involved making adjustments to facilitate inclusion and participation. ‘External modifiers of the HEF experience’ and ‘internal modifiers of the HEF experience’ encompassed the identification of external and internal HEF factors that influenced HEF adaptation.ConclusionsHEF was found to influence peoples’ daily lives substantially and required extensive adjustments for individuals to find a new normal. A greater level of interpretation was provided beyond the current evidence‐base for this group. Policymakers and clinicians should recognise the wider impact of HEF and ensure that this awareness is embedded in clinical practice.
Histopathological changes in tumor budding between biopsy and resected specimens from patients treated with preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy for oral cancer
Authors: Seki‐Soda Mai , Sano Takaaki , Koshi Hiromi , Yokoo Satoshi , Oyama Tetsunari 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundS‐1 is an oral anticancer agent containing tegafur, a prodrug of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy is performed to prevent tumor proliferation before surgery in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative S‐1 chemotherapy on tumor budding.MethodsWe examined 248 cases of OSCC and evaluated the budding scores in biopsy and resected specimens by keratin immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn S‐1‐untreated patients, the budding scores in resected specimens tended to show a mild increase. S‐1 treatment had the effect of lowering the budding score, although some cases with dramatically increased budding scores in resected specimens were found in the early phase of administration. Relapse‐free survival showed a significant difference (P < .01) according to the presence or absence of S‐1 treatment among patients with high budding scores.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that S‐1 administration may be more effective in patients with high budding scores than in those with lower budding scores.
GHSR‐1 agonist sensitizes rat colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to exendin‐4: A role in the manifestation of postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: Buckley Maria M. , O'Brien Rebecca , Buckley Julliette M. , O'Malley Dervla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience postprandial symptom exacerbation. Nutrients stimulate intestinal release of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), an incretin hormone with known gastrointestinal effects. However, prior to the postprandial rise in GLP‐1, levels of the hunger hormone, ghrelin, peak. The aims of this study were to determine if ghrelin sensitizes colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to the stimulatory actions of a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, and if this differs in a rat model of IBS.MethodsCalcium imaging of enteric neurons was compared between Sprague Dawley and Wistar Kyoto rats. Colonic contractile activity and vagal nerve recordings were also compared between strains.Key ResultsCirculating GLP‐1 concentrations differ between IBS subtypes. Mechanistically, we have provided evidence that calcium responses evoked by exendin‐4, a GLP‐1 receptor agonist, are potentiated by a ghrelin receptor (GHSR‐1) agonist, in both submucosal and myenteric neurons. Although basal patterns of colonic contractility varied between Sprague Dawley and Wister Kyoto rats, the capacity of exendin‐4 to alter smooth muscle function was modified by a GHSR‐1 agonist in both strains. Gut‐brain signaling via GLP‐1–mediated activation of vagal afferents was also potentiated by the GHSR‐1 agonist.Conclusions & InferencesThese findings support a temporal interaction between ghrelin and GLP‐1, where the preprandial peak in ghrelin may temporarily sensitize colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to the neurostimulatory actions of GLP‐1. While the sensitizing effects of the GHSR‐1 agonist were identified in both rat strains, in the rat model of IBS, underlying contractile activity was aberrant.
Electroencephalography theta/beta ratio covaries with mind wandering and functional connectivity in the executive control network
Authors: van Son Dana , de Rover Mischa , De Blasio Frances M. , van der Does Willem , Barry Robert J. , Putman Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ratio between frontal resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) theta and beta frequency power (theta/beta ratio, TBR) is negatively related to cognitive control. It is unknown which psychological processes during resting state account for this. Increased theta and reduced beta power are observed during mind wandering (MW), and MW is related to decreased connectivity in the executive control network (ECN) and increased connectivity in the default mode network (DMN). The goal of this study was to test if MW‐related fluctuations in TBR covary with such functional variation in ECN and DMN connectivity and if this functional variation is related to resting‐state TBR. Data were analyzed for 26 participants who performed a 40‐min breath‐counting task and reported the occurrence of MW episodes while EEG was measured and again during magnetic resonance imaging. Frontal TBR was higher during MW than controlled thought and this was marginally related to resting‐state TBR. DMN connectivity was higher and ECN connectivity was lower during MW. Greater ECN connectivity during focus than MW was correlated to lower TBR during focus than MW. These results provide the first evidence of the neural correlates of TBR and its functional dynamics and further establish TBR's usefulness for the study of executive control, in normal and potentially abnormal psychology.
Nano‐WO3‐SO3H as a New Photocatalyst Insight Through Covalently Grafted Brønsted Acid: Highly Efficient Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Aldehydes
Authors: Hosseini Saber , Amoozadeh Ali , Akbarzadeh Yasaman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModification of nano‐WO3 with −SO3H groups as a covalently grafted solid acid reduced its band‐gap energy from 2.8 to 2.4 eV and made it an ideal nominee for photocatalytic reaction under visible light irradiation. This nano‐photocatalyst has been successfully used for the selective oxidation of different benzyl alcohols to corresponding aldehydes under blue LED irradiation. The reaction became approximately two times faster with excellent yields. It has shown that the nitrobenzene as an available industrial oxidant is applicable for photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol; remarkably high yield and selectivity have been observed.
Myocardial fibrosis in chagas disease and molecules related to fibrosis
Authors: Chaves Ana T. , Menezes Cristiane A. S. , Costa Henrique S. , Nunes Maria C. P. , Rocha Manoel O. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is responsible for the disease's greater morbidity and poor prognosis. Although understanding the pathophysiology of CCC and the fundamentals of its clinical management derives from research related to other cardiomyopathies, there are peculiarities that distinguish CCC from the others. CCC is the most fibrous heart disease, and its myocardial involvement is important as it disorganizes or disrupts the extracellular matrix, creating an environment conducive to the formation of arrhythmogenic foci. It is also considered the most arrhythmogenic of the known heart diseases, giving rise to complex arrhythmias, usually associated with varying degrees of stimulus conduction disorders. The central proposal of this review is to describe a possible association between the distribution and degree of myocardial fibrosis and cardiac arrhythmogenicity in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, drawing attention to the importance of noninvasive biomarkers for the quantification of myocardial fibrosis.
Introduction: The cultural and material worlds of mining in early modern Europe
Authors: Asmussen Tina , Long Pamela O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis special issue is dedicated to the cultural values and impacts of the early modern mining industry and some of the enterprises and practices that surrounded them. The contributions enquire into how mining and metallurgy became a key sector in early modern European society, not only in terms of economic prosperity with its utilitarian connotations, but as a sociocultural phenomenon, whose materials and products affected, or even enabled, many areas of life and rulership. The authors' contributions focus on places, materials, and processes, and assess how historical actors engaged with metallic materials, both under and above the ground. They analyse human engagement with mined materials not simply from an economic perspective, but also as an administrative and legal praxis, a technological challenge, an environmental problem, a spiritual engagement, and an affective experience. This approach affords a broader perspective which expands the history of mining beyond the narrow sense of a history of material extraction, one that crosses the borders of the European mining regions and takes activities in urban hubs and on the sea into consideration as well.
Diving engines, submarine knowledge and the ‘wealth fetch’d out of the sea’
Authors: Hellawell Philippa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the motives for human intervention into the submarine, using the seventeenth‐century diving engine to consider the epistemic and economic incentives for venturing under water. It shows how diving engines and other underwater technologies were imbued with the associated promises of gaining new submarine knowledge as well as the quest for retrieving precious materials from the bottom of the sea. Setting diving engines against learned attitudes towards the submarine and the challenges of experience in knowledge‐making, it moves to consider the external, commercial influences on the experimental philosopher and the consequences this has for notions of disinterestedness. It argues that diving engines should be understood within the pursuits of both knowledge and profit, for the submarine, like the subterranean, was an environment to be both studied and exploited.
Productivity, Infrastructure and Urban Density—An Allometric Comparison of Three European City Regions Across Scales
Authors: Arbabi Hadi , Mayfield Martin , McCann Philip 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAgglomeration-based arguments citing Dutch and German city regions have been a primary driver in advocating intercity transport strategies in the north of England. We adopt an allometric urban model investigating the applicability and transferability of these transport-led agglomerative strategies promoted to address England’s regional economic underperformance. This is undertaken through a comparative study of the size–cost performance balance of three city regions and the overall urban networks in the Netherlands and Germany, and England and Wales by using city units defined at different spatial scales. Although our results support a case for better mobility and transport comparing the three urban networks regardless of the spatial scales, comparisons of specific city regions indicate a more nuanced interplay of productivity, mobility infrastructure and urban density.
Collateral Constraints and the Interest Rate
Authors: Smith Donal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a model in which an increase in financial frictions leads to a fall in the steady‐state rate of interest. A perpetual youth overlapping generations (OLG) model is extended to incorporate a collateral constraint, this results in a transmission mechanism in which an interest rate fall occurs endogenously from a disruption to the credit market. It is found that that non‐linearities exist in the relationship between changes in financial frictions and the interest rate. By specifying the mechanism by means of which this occurs, the model provides an explanation for why low interest rates have been observed with such persistence since the financial crisis.
On the Syntax of Number in Romance
Authors: Cyrino Sonia , Espinal M.Teresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInflectional languages, and Romance languages in particular, display morphological variation in plural marking within the nominal domain. While standard varieties show plural inflection on all the constituents within theDP, other varieties show this plural marking only on some of its constituents. We investigate a set of puzzling data and propose that Number in Romance is not a head, but an adjunct, an optional and bi‐valent morphosyntactic feature. We single out the hypothesis that, within the nominal domain, thepluralizeris in unmarked cases adjoined to D (i.e., a categorizeddroot), and in marked cases it is adjoined to a noun or an adjective (i.e., a categorizedn/aroot). We also discuss that instantiations of plural marking within the nominal domain should be conceived as the output of morphophonological concord, a post‐syntactic operation that is sensitive to c‐command.
Analytical quality assessment and method comparison of two immunoassays for the measurement of serum cardiac Troponin I in dogs and cats
Authors: Irvine Katherine L. , McLeish Susan A. , Sarvani Elpida , Papasouliotis Kostas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for myocardial injury. Validation of point‐of‐care (POC) analyzers for cTnI measurement is valuable to the critical care setting, in which rapid results can facilitate prompt diagnoses. An immunoassay for detecting cTnI is available for the POC AIA‐360 analyzer (Tosoh Bioscience), but this has not been validated using canine and feline serum.ObjectivesThe objectives were (a) to determine precision, accuracy, and linearity of cTnI measurement using the AIA‐360 immunoassay in pooled canine and feline samples, and (b) to compare results for individual canine and feline samples with those obtained using a reference chemiluminescence method (Immulite 1000, Siemens).MethodsIntra‐ and inter‐assay repeatability was determined using pooled canine and feline samples, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each. Pooled samples were also serially diluted to assess linearity. A modified spike and recovery analysis was performed by mixing pooled samples with different concentrations. Bland‐Altman and Deming regression analyses were used to determine bias for individual samples, and the total observed error (TEobs) was calculated.ResultsCoefficient of variation values were well within the required maximum of 20%. Linearity was demonstrated over the range of samples tested, and the recovery study showed minimal proportional inaccuracies. Although the correlation between the analyzers was excellent, there was a large mean bias due to relative proportional bias. Total observed error consequently exceeded the total allowable error (TEA).ConclusionAlthough, in most respects, the analyzer demonstrated adequate performance, pronounced bias contributed to the large TEobs, indicating a requirement for analyzer‐specific reference intervals.