bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Recurrence, Progression, and Retreatment in Basilar Tip Aneurysms: A Location-Controlled Analysis
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Sen Rajeev D , Barber Jason , Shetty Rakshith , Kelly Cory M , Ghodke Basavaraj V , Hallam Danial K , Levitt Michael R , Kim Louis J , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is associated with higher rates of recurrence and retreatment, though contemporary rates and risk factors for basilar tip aneurysms (BTAs) are less well-described.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize progression, retreatement, and retreated progression of BTAs treated with microsurgical or endovascular interventions.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed records for 141 consecutive BTA patients. We included 158 anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and 118 middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms as controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate rates of progression (recurrence of previously obliterated aneurysms and progression of known residual aneurysm dome or neck), retreatment, and retreated progression. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to characterize 24-mo event rates for primary outcome prediction.

RESULTS
Of 141 BTA patients, 62.4% were ruptured and 37.6% were unruptured. Average radiographical follow-up was 33 mo. Among ruptured aneurysms treated with clipping, there were 2 rehemorrhages due to recurrence (6.1%), and none in any other cohorts. Overall rates of progression (28.9%), retreatment (28.9%), and retreated progression (24.7%) were not significantly different between surgical and endovascular subgroups, though ruptured aneurysms had higher event rates. Multivariate modeling confirmed rupture status (P = .003, hazard ratio = 0.14) and aneurysm dome width (P = .005, hazard ratio = 1.23) as independent predictors of progression requiring retreatment. In a separate multivariate analysis with ACoA and MCA aneurysms, basilar tip location was an independent predictor of progression, retreatment, and retreated progression.

CONCLUSION
BTAs have higher rates of progression and retreated progression than other aneurysm locations, independent of treatment modality. Rupture status and dome width are risk factors for progression requiring retreatment.
OBSERVATION OF VITREOUS FEATURES USING ENHANCED VITREOUS IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN HIGHLY MYOPIC RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Song Minlu , Shen Mengxi , Zhou Yanping , Zheng Kairong , Zhai Yuanqi , Xiao Meichun , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Fenghua , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To observe features of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis using enhanced vitreous imaging optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
Comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and enhanced vitreous imaging optical coherence tomography were performed in 77 eyes of 63 patients with highly myopic retinoschisis. Two different modes of spectral domain optical coherence tomography were employed to estimate retinoschisis and the posterior vitreous features in optical coherence tomography images, respectively. The types and distribution of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities were also analyzed.

Results:
Complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was identified in 55 eyes (71.4%) with a Weiss ring. Residual cortex was found in 39 eyes (70.9%) with complete PVD. Vitreoretinal interface changes, including vitreoretinal adhesion and epiretinal membrane (ERM), most frequently appeared in the macular area (47.3%), followed by the inferior arched vessels region (34.5%). In partial PVD eyes, vitreoretinal traction, vitreoretinal adhesion, and epiretinal membrane tended to be observed in the inferior and superior arched vessels regions (54.5 and 40.9%, respectively). Among all types of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities, epiretinal membrane comprised the largest proportion (46.8%) despite the status of PVD. The presence of inner layers of retinoschisis connoted a relatively high possibility of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities occurring.

Conclusion:
Enhanced vitreous imaging optical coherence tomography reveals a high prevalence of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis. Vitreous cortex tends to remain on the macular area in eyes with complete PVD. Our findings may lead to better guidance for the surgical treatment of highly myopic retinoschisis.
Are college students told by health care providers about their risk factors for developing diabetes?
Authors: Saylor Jennifer L. , Calamaro Christina J. , Hardie Thomas , Ness Michelle , Selekman Janice 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose:
Communication about risk factors for diabetes between nurse practitioners and college students may not be occurring as the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increases. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to evaluate if college students are being told of their risk for diabetes based on known risk factors of weight, sleep, and depressive symptoms.

Methods:
Descriptive, cross-sectional study was completed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012. Using listwise deletion for all variables in the analyses, the sample (N = 313) included college participants aged 18–25 years. Logistic regression model found that body mass index (BMI), sleep quantity, and gender were significant predictors of not being told one was at risk for diabetes. In those with a BMI >25 kg/m2 (n = 159), only 22% were told about their risk for diabetes by a health care provider.

Conclusions:
Nurse practitioners may not be recognizing the factors that affect on the development of prediabetes in college-age students or not providing guidance for measures to prevent the morbidity related to diabetes.

Implications for Practice:
Nurse practitioners are in a prime position to identify individuals with overweight/obesity, poor sleep, and depressive symptoms and recommend lifestyle changes to prevent the onset of disease.
Birth attendance in rural Bangladesh: practices and correlates
Authors: Korim Fozlul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) are higher in the rural regions of Bangladesh compared to the urban areas or the national average. These two rates could be reduced by increasing use of skilled birth attendance in rural regions of this country. Although the majority of Bangladeshi population lives in rural areas, there has been a little investigation of the practices and determinants of delivery attendance in this region of Bangladesh. This study investigated the practices and determinants of attendance during child-births in rural Bangladesh.MethodsData were collected by the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2014). After reporting the distribution of deliveries by types of attendance and distribution of selected factors, logistic regression was applied to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values.ResultsMore than half of the deliveries (53.1%) were conducted by traditional attendants; community skilled attendants were present in only a small number of deliveries. The following factors were positively associated with deliveries by skilled attendants: 25-34 years age group of women (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), a higher education level of women (AOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7-4.9), or their husbands (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.7), receiving antenatal care (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-2.7), and higher wealth quintiles (AOR of the richest wealth quintile vs the poorest: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.3-5.3). On the other hand, women having a higher parity (i.e., number of pregnancy, ≥2) led to a lower likelihood of delivery by skilled birth attendants. The proportion of deliveries attended by skilled attendants was significantly lower in the other six divisions compared to Khulna.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors should be considered to design future interventions to increase the proportion of deliveries attended by skilled delivery attendants. Awareness programs are required in rural areas to highlight the importance of skilled attendants. Further re-evaluation of the community skilled birth attendants program is required.
Knowledge and attitudes of Ebola among the general public of Trinidad and Tobago during the 2014-15 West Africa outbreak
Authors: Pooransingh S , Mohammed S , Melville K , Mohammed C , Mohammed M , Mohammed R , Mootoo W , Morris M , Motilal D , Bhagwandeen B , Dialsingh I 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveHealth system resilience and resilience of a country include the capacity of health personnel, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises. This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of the public concerning Ebola Virus Disease in Trinidad and Tobago.Design and MethodsA cross sectional study whereby respondents (n = 920) were sampled from public places. Data were collected via interviewer administered questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.ResultsThe response rate was 67.6 % (622/920). The main age category of responders was the 20 to 30 year age category (40.5%); responders were mostly female (58.0 %). Regarding knowledge, there were significant differences among occupational categories (F = 2.811, df1 = 6, df2 = 571, p-value = 0.011). Tukey’s HSD post hoc test revealed that the mean knowledge scores for professional and sales occupations differed significantly (p-value = 0.003). There was a significant association between being afraid to go for treatment and age (p-value = 0.001). Significant associations were also found between occupational grouping and education attainment with opinion about the preparedness of private medical facilities, likelihood to shun family members with Ebola, being afraid to go for treatment and preference for traditional medicine (p-value <0.05).ConclusionThis study highlights opportunities for community engagement to enhance health system resilience during outbreaks which would maximise national and global health security.
An implementation framework of value management in the Nigerian construction industry
Authors: Tanko Bruno Lot , Abdullah Fadhlin , Mohamad Ramly Zuhaili , Enegbuma Wallace Imoudu 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for value management (VM) implementation by establishing the effect of critical success factors on current construction practices. This will aid stakeholders to improve productivity of construction practices in the Nigerian construction industry. The study established the requirements that ought to be satisfied for VM to successfully enhance productivity of construction activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was based on self-administered questionnaires from 344 registered construction professionals in Nigeria. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data for both descriptive and inferential analyses. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy revealed that the internal consistency of the developed research instrument was appropriate, while the confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices among acknowledged determinants of the structural model.

Findings
A framework that established the requirements for the successful implementation of VM construction practices in the Nigerian construction industry.

Originality/value
A structural model validated the requirements of applying VM on current construction practices. The established requirements (environment, people, government and information/methodology) can be used by decision makers and stakeholders to improve productivity of the current construction practices in the Nigerian construction environment. A framework was developed and validated by construction experts to confirm its suitability, usefulness and acceptance.
On approach to model stabilization of anomalous distribution of concentration of radiation defects in a multilayer structure
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny L. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a model of redistribution of point radiation defects, interaction between themselves and redistribution of their simplest complexes in a multilayer structure. The model gives a possibility to qualitatively describe nonmonotonicity of distributions of concentrations of radiation defects on interfaces between layers of the structure, which recently was found experimentally. To take into account the nonmonotonicity, the authors complement the model for the analysis of distribution of concentration of radiation defects, which were recently used in the literature. To analyze the model, the authors used an approach of solution of boundary problems, which could be used without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers of the considered multilayer structures.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors introduce a model of redistribution of point radiation defects, interaction between themselves and redistribution of their simplest complexes in a multilayer structure. The model gives a possibility to qualitatively describe nonmonotonicity of distributions of concentrations of radiation defects on interfaces between layers of the structure, which recently was found experimentally. To take into account the nonmonotonicity, the authors complement the model for analysis of distribution of concentration of radiation defects, which were recently used in the literature. To analyze the model, the authors used an approach of solution of boundary problems, which could be used without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers of the considered multilayer structures.

Findings
The authors obtain better agreement of obtain results in comparison with recently obtained results in the literature.

Originality/value
The results are original.
Using revegetation to suppress invasive plants in grasslands and forests
Authors: Schuster Michael J. , Wragg Peter D. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFollowing the removal of invasive plant species, most land managers rely on natural succession to re‐establish native plant communities. However, insufficient native propagule pressure combined with legacy effects of invasive plant species means that passive approaches to restoration are often inadequate to establish native communities and prevent reinvasion.In this paper, we review literature evaluating the ability of active revegetation to suppress re‐establishment of invaders in grasslands and woodlands.We find that existing literature consistently demonstrates reduced performance of invasive plant species in revegetated grasslands, but that the magnitude of impact on invasive plants is highly variable. In contrast, the efficacy of revegetation in woodlands has rarely been reported, but the small number of such studies are consistent with results from grasslands.Synthesis and applications. Our review highlights the mechanisms that lead to revegetation suppressing invasive plants in grasslands and identifies knowledge gaps associated with revegetation using woody species or targeting woody invaders. We recommend concerted efforts be made to evaluate the viability of woody plant revegetation and the efficacy of revegetation in woodlands. Furthermore, we suggest that land managers may need to embrace novel species assemblages in order to prevent reinvasion.
Do N‐fixing legumes promote neighbouring diversity in the tropics?
Authors: Xu Han , Detto Matteo , Li Yanpeng , Li Yide , He Fangliang , Fang Suqin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract1. Although nitrogen‐fixing plants play a crucial role in maintaining high ecosystem productivity, their effects on forest diversity are greatly debated. Legumes can reduce local diversity because of the fertilization effect; however, they can also facilitate species coexistence through complementary resource utilization.2. In natural forests, nitrogen requirements and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) vary widely among legumes. We used leaf nitrogen isotopic composition to differentiate the level of BNF activity among seven legumes across a steep gradient of soil available nitrogen within a 60‐ha stem‐mapping plot in a montane tropical rainforest in Hainan Island, China, and we evaluated their spatial distribution and neighbourhood diversity.3. Results show that the levels of BNF activity are tightly correlated with legume association to available soil nitrogen, where legumes associated with nitrogen‐rich habitats exhibit surprisingly greater BNF activity and a more diverse neighbourhood.4. Synthesis. These findings indicate that legumes satisfy their nitrogen‐demanding metabolism through a synergy of habitat preference and BNF activity. High BNF activity drives local diversity by promoting complementary resource utilization rather than intensifying above‐ground competition. This may be achieved by improving litter quality and stimulating mycorrhizal and microbial diversity. The abundance of nitrogen fixers in nitrogen‐rich habitats also explains how legumes contribute to maintaining high levels of soil nitrogen in tropical forests.
Housing prices and population dynamics in urban China
Authors: Ding Yi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model is used to investigate the influence of population on housing price dynamics in urban China. The contribution of population growth to the housing price trend and the contribution of population shocks to housing price fluctuations are quantitatively measured. The empirical results indicate that the ongoing policy to control the population size in large cities in China can decrease the growth rate of housing prices by 0.49% every year, which accounts for 1/10 of the total housing price trend. Furthermore, this policy cannot stabilize housing prices because population shocks have negligible effects on the housing price cycle. Housing technology shocks and housing preference shocks are responsible for most of the housing price fluctuations.
State‐Led Financial Regulation and Representations of Spatial Fixity: The Example of the Spanish Real Estate Sector
Authors: Yrigoy Ismael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article offers a bottom‐up contribution to the fixity–motion literature. It aims to unravel the apparent contradiction of real estate spatial fixity in Spain, which is portrayed both as a barrier to accumulation and as a unique source of investment by different capitalist actors. Empirically, it describes the shifts in real estate ownership and changes in profit‐making strategies that have taken place across the real estate sector during the crisis years, and the role of the state in these shifts. The article asserts that the idea of spatial fixity representing a spatial barrier for accumulation does not necessarily apply in the Spanish case. It further claims that the tensions in capital circulation through real estate are not only to be found in the action of time, but in different state strategies pursued by various actors. The opposing representations of fixity are the result of state regulation of interest rates, taxation and risk weighting. The state also increasingly promotes land rents as a source of liquidity creation.
Intervention thresholds and cesarean section rates: A time‐trends analysis
Authors: Rose Anna , Raja Edwin Amalraj , Bhattacharya Sohinee , Black Mairead 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo improve understanding of rising cesarean section (CS) rates in the UK, this study assessed the relation between clinician thresholds for performing CS for delayed labor progress or suspected fetal distress and corresponding CS rates in Aberdeen, UK.Material and methodsTime‐trends analysis of term births from 1988 to 2012 in a population of nulliparous women (N = 53 745) in Aberdeen, UK, using Chi‐square test for trend, and binary logistic regression. Data were obtained from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank.ResultsUnplanned CS rates per quintile increased from 11.0% (1391/12 686) to 21.1% (2383/11 273) between 1988 and 2012, while planned CS rates increased from 2.7% (338/12 686) to 5.2% (591/11 273). The median duration of labor before CS for delayed progress per quintile decreased from 17.2 (IQR 12.5‐22.3) to 13.1 hours (9.6‐16.9) before first stage CS and from 17.1 (12.6‐22.3) to 15.3 (11.5‐19.1) hours before second stage CS (P < .001). The proportion of CS for suspected fetal distress performed with evidence of fetal acidosis declined from 23.4% (98/418) to 17.4% (106/608) per quintile (P < .01). Neonatal unit admission (adjusted OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.85‐2.14) was more likely following unplanned CS than vaginal births. Birth trauma was less likely following both unplanned (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.39‐0.60) and planned (adjusted OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18‐0.63) CS.ConclusionIncreased CS rates can be partly attributed to lowered clinical thresholds for intrapartum CS. Higher CS rates are associated with less birth trauma for the offspring.
The enigmatic role of the neutrophil in asthma: Friend, foe or indifferent?
Authors: Snelgrove R. J. , Patel D. F. , Patel T. , Lloyd C. M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWhilst severe asthma has classically been categorized as a predominantly Th2‐driven pathology, there has in recent years been a paradigm shift with the realization that it is a heterogeneous disease that may manifest with quite disparate underlying inflammatory and remodelling profiles. A subset of asthmatics, particularly those with a severe, corticosteroid refractory disease, present with a prominent neutrophilic component. Given the potential of neutrophils to impart extensive tissue damage and promote inflammation, it has been anticipated that these cells are closely implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of severe asthma. However, uncertainty persists as to why the neutrophil is present in the asthmatic lung and what precisely it is doing there, with evidence supporting its role as a protagonist of pathology being primarily circumstantial. Furthermore, our view of the neutrophil as a primitive, indiscriminate killer has evolved with the realization that neutrophils can exhibit a marked anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolving and wound healing capacity. We suggest that the neutrophil likely exhibits pleiotropic and potentially conflicting roles in defining asthma pathophysiology—some almost certainly detrimental and some potentially beneficial—with context, timing and location all critical confounders. Accordingly, indiscriminate blockade of neutrophils with a broad sword approach is unlikely to be the answer, but rather we should first seek to understand their complex and multifaceted roles in the disease state and then target them with the same subtleties and specificity that they themselves exhibit.