bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited Evidence Base for Determining Impacts (Or Not) of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on Commercial Fisheries Species
Authors: Gill Andrew B. , Bremner Julie , Vanstaen Karen , Blake Sylvia , Mynott Frances , Lincoln Susana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe coexistence between offshore wind and fisheries has raised questions about potential impacts on species that are fished. We systematically evaluated the offshore wind farm (OWF) literature for evidence of effects leading to impacts on commercial fisheries species. First, we collated evidence of environmental effects of OWFs on fisheries species and then determined whether these could be interpreted as impacts using fishery‐scale and organism‐scale parameters for pelagic finfish, demersal and reef‐associated roundfish, demersal flatfish, elasmobranchs and shellfish. We appraised consistency and level of agreement of direct evidence and explored the body of indirect evidence. A total of 1268 documents featured evidence of OWF effects on fisheries species, with only 60 documents (274 species records) providing direct evidence. Evidence on finfish far outweighed that for shellfish. Demersal and reef‐associated roundfish were the best‐studied group, while elasmobranchs were poorly evidenced. Most studies considered population rather than stock parameters. There was limited evidence of impacts, owing to inconclusive results and inconsistent effects within the parameters assessed—illustrating the importance of looking across the evidence base rather than focussing on individual studies. Hence, there is currently insufficient direct evidence to confidently determine OWF impacts on fisheries species. Overwhelmingly, the evidence deals with indirect effects, although these should not be disregarded as they can highlight plausible impacts on fisheries species, which could guide research and monitoring targeted at understanding the impacts of OWF—a pressing concern given the increased policy commitment of many nations to these two marine sectors sharing marine space.
Chronic low back pain and decreased physical activity are associated with social frailty incidence among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Matsuda Soichiro , Doi Takehiko , Katayama Osamu , Sakimoto Fumio , Makino Keitaro , Sudo Motoki , Yamashiro Yukari , Takayanagi Naoto , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

AimNearly half of older adults with frailty experience chronic pain. Chronic pain contributes to activity restrictions. Decreased physical activity with chronic pain is associated not only with physical dysfunction but also with reduced engagement in social activities. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that chronic pain and decreased physical activity are associated with social frailty incidence.MethodsThe study included 1198 community‐dwelling older adults (aged 70.2 ± 6.3 years) without social frailty at baseline. Chronic pain, physical activity and basic information were assessed at baseline. The participants were divided into two groups based on the presence (yes, n = 167) or absence (no, n = 1031) of chronic low back pain. The incidence of social frailty was investigated during the follow‐up examination after 2.5 years.ResultsBinomial logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with chronic low back pain and low step counts had a higher odds ratio for the development of incident social frailty than older adults without chronic low back pain and high step counts (odds ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.46).ConclusionOur results suggest that a combination of chronic low back pain and low step counts is associated with the incidence of social frailty. Further research is required to establish intervention methods for pain and decreased physical activity to prevent social frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 25–30.
Possible negative impact of polypharmacy on surgical outcomes in older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Kawabata Soya , Michikawa Takehiro , Nagai Sota , Akaike Yuki , Imai Takaya , Ito Kei , Takeda Hiroki , Ikeda Daiki , Kaneko Shinjiro , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2024

AimOlder patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) have a higher incidence of polypharmacy attributed to comorbidities and the use of pain relief medications. This study aimed to explore the effect of polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy on surgical outcomes in older patients with LSS based on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and locomotive syndrome.MethodsConsecutive patients aged ≥65 years who underwent lumbar spinal surgery for LSS were retrospectively reviewed. We assessed the preoperative and 1‐ and 2‐year postoperative scores of three common HRQOL tools and the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. The patients were classified into the hyperpolypharmacy group (those taking ≥10 medications), polypharmacy group (those taking 6–9 medications) and non‐polypharmacy group (those taking ≤5 medications).ResultsIn total, 148 participants were evaluated. Among them, 35 were included in the non‐polypharmacy group. There were no significant changes in the HRQOL and locomotive syndrome stage at baseline, even with polypharmacy progression. However, the HRQOL and locomotive syndrome stage worsened postoperatively with polypharmacy progression. When surgical efficacy was directly examined, results showed that the surgical outcomes were significantly associated with polypharmacy progression in older patients with LSS, even after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsPolypharmacy, especially hyperpolypharmacy, had a negative impact on surgical outcomes in older patients with LSS. The number of prescription drugs should be taken into consideration before surgery in this patient group. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 31–37.
Associations between gestational exposure to neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and early childhood weight status
Authors: Neally Sam J. , Widen Elizabeth M. , Hoyo Cathrine , Martin Chantel L. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to examine associations between prenatal neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation (NSD) with early offspring weight status and to assess potential modification by race and ethnicity.MethodsWe used data from the Newborn Epigenetics STudy (NEST) cohort. Gestational NSD was assessed as neighbourhood deprivation index (NDI) tertiles. Offspring height and weight were assessed at 6 months (N = 1023), 1 year (N = 1268), 2 years (N = 1033) and 3 years (N = 1038). Multilevel logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationship of NDI with overweight or obesity and rapid infant weight gain, adjusting for gestational parent age, race/ethnicity, marital status and educational attainment. Models were estimated in the total sample and also stratified by race and ethnicity.ResultsChildren exposed to NDI in the highest (compared to the lowest) tertile had increased odds of having overweight/obesity at 1 year (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.09–2.15). In stratified models, children of NH Black gestational parents residing in the highest tertile of NDI (compared to the lowest) had increased odds of having overweight/obesity at 1 year (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.00–2.77).ConclusionsThis findings suggest that higher gestational exposure to NSD may play a role in early childhood weight status, which has important implications for later development and health.
Sinomenine Ameliorated Microglial Activation and Neuropathic Pain After Chronic Constriction Injury Via TGF‐β1/ALK5/Smad3 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Ling Ling , Luo Min , Yin Haolin , Tian Yunyun , Wang Tao , Zhang Bangjian , Yin Li , Zhang Yuehui , Bian Jiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSinomenine (SIN), a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, is efficacious against various chronic pain conditions. Inhibition of microglial activation at the spinal level contributes to the analgesic effects of SIN. Microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn is key to sensitising neuropathic pain. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate whether the antinociceptive effects of SIN in neuropathic pain are induced through microglial inhibition and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed that SIN alleviated chronic constriction injury (CCI)–induced pain hypersensitivity, spinal microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Consistently, SIN evoked the upregulation of transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) and phosphorylated Smad3 in the L4–6 ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of CCI mice. Intrathecal injection of TGF‐β1 siRNA and an activin receptor‐like receptor (ALK5) inhibitor reversed SIN's antinociceptive and antimicroglial effects on CCI mice. Moreover, targeting Smad3 in vitro with siRNA dampened the inhibitory effect of TGF‐β1 on lipopolysaccharide‐induced microglial activation. Finally, targeting Smad3 abrogated SIN‐induced pain relief and microglial inhibition in CCI mice. These findings indicate that the TGF‐β1/ALK5/Smad3 axis plays a key role in the antinociceptive effects of SIN on neuropathic pain, indicating its suppressive ability on microglia.
Deep Learning and Single‐Cell Sequencing Analyses Unveiling Key Molecular Features in the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Yixian , Liu Mingyu , Qi Yao , Shen Shikai , Gang Qingwei , Jiang Han , Lun Yu , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRupture of advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques increases the risk of ischaemic stroke, which has significant global morbidity and mortality rates. However, the specific characteristics of immune cells with dysregulated function and proven biomarkers for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque progression remain poorly characterised. Our study elucidated the role of immune cells and explored diagnostic biomarkers in advanced plaque progression using single‐cell RNA sequencing and high‐dimensional weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. We identified a subcluster of monocytes with significantly increased infiltration in the advanced plaques. Based on the monocyte signature and machine‐learning approaches, we accurately distinguished advanced plaques from early plaques, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 in independent external testing. Using microenvironment cell populations (MCP) counter and non‐negative matrix factorisation, we determined the association between monocyte signatures and immune cell infiltration as well as the heterogeneity of the patient. Finally, we constructed a convolutional neural network deep learning model based on gene‐immune correlation, which achieved an AUC of 0.933, a sensitivity of 92.3%, and a specificity of 87.5% in independent external testing for diagnosing advanced plaques. Our findings on unique subpopulations of monocytes that contribute to carotid plaque progression are crucial for the development of diagnostic tools for clinical diseases.
LINC01929 Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Multiple Tumours and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Through the TNF/STAT3 Axis
Authors: Gu Yanlin , Feng Zhengyang , Xu Xiaoyan , Jin Liyan , Jiang Guoqin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate whether long intergenic non‐coding RNA 1929 (LINC01929), a novel long non‐coding RNA, could serve as a prognostic biomarker for various tumours and explore its function. The expression and prognosis of LINC01929 across 33 different tumour types in patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analysed. Also, the correlation between LINC01929 expression, tumour mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoint status and immune cell infiltration was examined. Moreover, the function of LINC01929 in the breast cancer cell lines was explored via CCK‐8, colony formation and cell cycle assays. In addition, the downstream mechanisms of LINC01929 were analysed via transcriptome sequencing, RT–qPCR, and western blotting. Our analysis revealed that LINC01929 was weakly expressed in 3 tumour types and highly expressed in 14 tumour types, and low expression of LINC01929 was correlated with better clinical outcomes in 15 tumour types. Furthermore, LINC01929 expression was correlated significantly with the TMB, MSI, immune checkpoint and immune cell infiltration across multiple tumour types. The knockdown of LINC01929 inhibited cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis and downregulated the TNF pathway and STAT3 expression. The treatment with exogenous TNF‐α partially reversed the cell cycle progression and proliferation inhibition caused by LINC01929 knockdown, and these effects were accompanied by changes in STAT3 expression. LINC01929 may serve as an effective biomarker affecting the TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint status. Mechanistically, LINC01929 affects cell cycle progression and cell proliferation through the TNF/STAT3 axis. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential applications of LINC01929 in tumour therapy, which may yield novel targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Fish‐Finder: A robust small target detection method for aquaculture fish in low‐quality underwater images
Authors: Liu Liang , Wu Junfeng , Zhao Haiyan , Kong Han , Zheng Tao , Qu Boyu , Yu Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderwater fish object detection serves as a pivotal research direction in marine biology, aquaculture management, and computer vision, yet it poses substantial challenges due to the complexity of underwater environments, occultations, and the small‐sized and frequently moving fish in aquaculture. Addressing these challenges, we propose a novel underwater fish object detection algorithm named Fish‐Finder. First, we engendered a structure titled “C2fBF,” utilizing the dual‐path routing attention protocol of BiFormer. The primary objective of this structure is to alleviate the perturbations induced by underwater intricacies during the phase of downsampling in the backbone network, thereby discerning and conserving finer contextual features. Subsequently, we co‐opted the RepGFPN method within our neck network—a distinctive approach that adeptly merges high‐level semantic constructs with low‐level spatial specifics, thus fortifying its multi‐scale detection prowess. Then, in an endeavor to diminish the sensitivity toward positional aberrations during the detection of diminutive aquatic creatures, we incorporated a novel bounding box regression loss function, the Wasserstein loss, to the existing CIoU. This innovative function gauges the congruity between the predicted bounding box Gaussian distribution and the reference bounding box Gaussian distribution. Finally, in regard to the dataset, we independently assembled a specific dataset termed “SmallFish.” This unique dataset, meticulously designed for the detection of small‐scale fish within intricate underwater settings, includes 5000 annotated images of small fish. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art detection methods, our proposed method improves the accuracy by and , and mean average precision (mAP) increases and in public dataset Kaggle‐Fish and our SmallFish dataset, respectively.
Transient receptor potential a1b regulates primordial germ cell numbers and sex differentiation in developing zebrafish
Authors: Gong Xiaoting , Yan Qianqian , Chen Liangbiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTemperature is a leading environmental factor determining the sex ratio of some animal populations, such as fish, amphibians, and reptiles. However, the underlying mechanism by which temperature affects gender is still poorly understood. Transient receptor potential a1b (Trpa1b) belongs to the ion channel family of transient receptor potentials and exhibits dual thermosensitivity to heat and cold. In this study, we have unveiled a novel function of the trpa1b gene. Zebrafish generated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 with Trpa1b‐null manifest a male‐biased sex ratio. The quantity of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish is closely linked to gender determination and gonadal development. Yet the role of the trpa1b gene in zebrafish reproductive development remains unexplored in the literature. Our investigation revealed a significant reduction in PGCs in Trpa1b mutant zebrafish compared to their wild‐type counterparts 24‐h postfertilization (hpf). Transcriptome sequencing of tissues near the reproductive crest of embryos at 1.25 days postfertilization (dpf) revealed differential changes in PGC‐related marker genes and genes related to sperm cell development and differentiation. The relative expression of ddx4 and sycp3 genes was significantly downregulated, whereas amh was significantly upregulated at 20 dpf in trpa1b−/− zebrafish. The results of this study provide valuable insights and references for studying the molecular mechanism of sex determination in zebrafish. Undoubtedly, these results will further enhance our understanding of gender differentiation and gonadal development in fish and other vertebrates.
Dietitians' perspectives on key components relevant for successful dietetic treatment of adults with obesity in primary health care: a qualitative study in the Netherlands
Authors: van de Riet Annemieke , Otte Rebecca S. , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , Naumann Elke ,   the Dietetics Building the Future consortium
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDietetic treatment of adults with obesity can result in effective weight loss with health improvements. However, it remains unclear which components of dietetic consultation are key for successful treatment of individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore dietitians' perceptions of key components relevant for successful dietetic treatment of adults with obesity in primary health care in the Netherlands.MethodsIn this phenomenological study, semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 dietitians who have experience in treating adults with obesity in primary care. Validation of interview data was performed through two focus group discussions with 14 dietitians. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour main themes were identified: (i) building a good relationship; (ii) identifying patient needs; (iii) supporting behaviour change and (iv) providing advice. Dietitians highlighted the relevance of building a good relationship with their patients and emphasised adopting a counselling role alongside their role of educator. They also recommended the use of educational materials, counselling techniques and behaviour change strategies (e.g. goal setting, self‐monitoring, addressing barriers) to address specific patient needs, such as health literacy, self‐efficacy and motivation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that dietitians perceive the ability to build a trusted relationship, in which patient needs are properly explored and addressed, as the key to successful dietetic treatment of adults with obesity. Our findings emphasise the importance of the dietitian's approach in this process and show that patient factors influence the choice of appropriate treatment approaches.
Annual report of the committee on gynecologic oncology, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual patient report for 2021 and annual treatment report for 2016
Authors: Kajiyama Hiroaki , Tamauchi Satoshi , Takahashi Fumiaki , Kawana Kei ,   Board members of the 2023 Committee on Gynecologic Oncology of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo provide information including the trend of gynecological malignancies in Japan, we hereby present the Annual Patient Report for 2021 and the Annual Treatment Report for 2016, on the outcomes of patients who started treatment in 2016.MethodsThe Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology maintains an annual tumor registry, where information on gynecological malignancies from various participating institutions is gathered. The data of patients whose treatment with gynecologic malignancies was initiated in 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival of the patients who started treatment with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in 2016 was analyzed by using the Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank, and Wilcoxson tests.ResultsTreatment was initiated in 2021 for 8006 patients with cervical cancer, 13 912 with endometrial cancer, 8337 with ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancer, 2375 with ovarian borderline tumors, and with the others (226 vulvar cancer, 161 vaginal cancer, 437 uterine sarcoma, 47 uterine adenosarcoma, 160 trophoblastic diseases). This clinicopathological information was summarized as the Patient Annual Report. The 5‐year survival rates of the patients with cervical cancer were 92.3%, 77.0%, 56.1%, and 30.3% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 5‐year survival rates for the patients with endometrial cancer were 94.1%, 88.8%, 71.2%, and 24.5% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 5‐year survival rates for the patients with ovarian cancer (surface epithelial‐stromal tumors) were 91.3%, 78.8%, 54.3%, and 36.8% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively.ConclusionThe annual tumor report is an important survey that provides knowledge on gynecological malignancy trends in Japan.
Real‐world glycaemic outcomes in children and young people on advanced hybrid closed‐loop therapy: A population‐based study in Western Australia
Authors: Gehrmann Frances E , Smith Grant J , Irwine Kathleen , Ellis Katrina L , Davis Elizabeth A , Jones Timothy W , Taplin Craig E , Abraham Mary B 
Published: November 2024

AimsTo evaluate real‐world glycaemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) commencing advanced hybrid closed loop therapy (AHCL) and to explore these outcomes based on the cohort's clinical and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodsA single‐centre, population‐based retrospective study in children commencing AHCL (Smart Guard, Control IQ, CamAPS) with minimum 70% data from two‐weeks CGM pre‐AHCL was conducted between December 2021 and June 2023 in Western Australia. CGM metrics (time in range (TIR) 3.9–10 mmol/L, time below range (TBR) < 3.9 mmol/L, glucose management indicator (GMI)) were analysed at baseline, monthly and 6 months. HbA1c at baseline and 6 months were also collected. The proportion meeting glycaemic targets of TIR > 70%, TBR < 4% and GMI < 7.0% were determined. Change in TIR from baseline to 6 months was examined by the following characteristics: %TIR, age group and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) of residential postcode.ResultsCGM data of 309 children, mean (SD) age 12.4 (3.2) years were analysed. Glycaemia improved from baseline to 6 months with (mean) TIR +8% (95% CI 7, 9; P ≤ 0.001), GMI −0.3% (95% CI −0.3, −0.2; P < 0.001) and (median) TBR −0.3% (95% CI −0.4, −0.1; P < 0.001). Proportion meeting glycaemic targets increased from 13.3% at baseline to 30.6% at 6 months. Improvement in TIR did not differ based on age group or IRSD Quintile. Greater increase in TIR was seen in those with lowest TIR at baseline (+20.9%, −0.2%; P < 0.001 for baseline TIR < 40%, >70%). There was a 0.27% reduction in HbA1c in 6 months (n = 116) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAHCL improves glycaemia, irrespective of age and socioeconomic characteristics, with greatest changes seen in those with lowest baseline TIR.