bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors behind ethical dilemmas regarding physical restraint for critical care nurses
Authors: Salehi Zahra , Najafi Ghezeljeh Tahereh , Hajibabaee Fatemeh , Joolaee Soodabeh 
Published: July 2019

Background: Physical restraint is among the commonly used methods for ensuring patient safety in intensive care units. However, nurses usually experience ethical dilemmas over using physical restraint because they need to weigh patient autonomy against patient safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore factors behind ethical dilemmas for critical care nurses over using physical restraint for patients. Design: This is a qualitative study using conventional content analysis approach, as suggested by Graneheim and Lundman, to analyze the data. Methods: Seventeen critical care nurses were purposefully recruited from the four intensive care units in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and were concurrently analyzed through conventional content analysis as suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran with the code: IR.IUMS.REC.1397.795. Before interviews, participants were provided with explanations about the aim of the study, the confidentiality of the data, their freedom to participate, and the right to withdraw the study, and their free access to the study findings. Finally, their consents were obtained, and interviews were started. Results: Factors behind ethical dilemmas for critical care nurses over using physical restraint were categorized into three main categories, namely the outcomes of using physical restraint, the outcomes of not using physical restraint, and emotional distress for nurses. The outcomes of using physical restraint were categorized into the three subcategories of ensuring patient safety, physical damage to patients, and mental damage to the patient. The outcomes of not using physical restraint fell into two subcategories, namely the risks associated with not using physical restraint and legal problems for nurses. Finally, the two subcategories of the emotional distress for nurses main category were nurses’ negative feelings about restraint use and uncertainty over the decision on physical restraint use. Conclusion: Decision-making for restraint use is often associated with ethical dilemmas, because nurses need to weight the outcomes of its use against the outcomes of not using it and also consider patient safety and autonomy. Health authorities are recommended to develop clear evidence-based guidelines for restraint use and develop and implement educational and counseling programs for nurses on the principles of ethical nursing practice, patient rights, physical restraint guidelines and protocols, and management of emotional, ethical, and legal problems associated with physical restraint use.
What Are the Important Risk Factors That Predispose a Patient to Infection After Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Senneville Eric , Aiyer Amiethab , Smyth Niall 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: There is evidence indicating that the following risk factors may predispose a patient to an infection after a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA): inflammatory arthritis, prior ankle surgery, body mass index (BMI) <19, and peripheral vascular disease. Meanwhile, there is conflicting evidence (which may be due to patient selection bias) indicating that the following risk factors may predispose a patient to infection after a TAA: obesity (BMI >30), tobacco use, diabetes, duration of surgery, age <65 years, hypothyroidism, low preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, and chronic lung disease. Level of Evidence: Limited. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Preoperative Optimization Should Be Implemented to Reduce the Risk of Surgical Site Infection/Periprosthetic Joint Infection (SSI/PJI) in Patients Undergoing Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Emara Khaled , Hirose Christopher B. , Rogero Ryan 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: We recommend that patients awaiting total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) be optimized prior to surgery by implementing skin cleansing, nutritional status enhancement, glycemic control, body mass index (BMI) optimization, smoking cessation, and management of immune-modulating comorbidities. At the time of surgery, there is strong evidence that optimal preparation of the surgical site with an alcohol-containing agent, weight-based and timely administration of antibiotic prophylaxis, and reducing operating room traffic should also be put in place. Level of Evidence: Moderate. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
During Draping for Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA), Should the Foot Be Prepped Into the Surgical Field or Be Covered?
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan , Embil John M. 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: There is insufficient data demonstrating any advantage or disadvantage to covering the toes during total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Level of Evidence: Moderate. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
Are Prophylactic Perioperative Antibiotics Required for Isolated Forefoot Procedures, Such as Hammertoes?
Authors: Oh Irvin , Englund Kristin 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: Though limited clinical data exists, the administration of perioperative antibiotics is not required for isolated forefoot procedures in the absence of any risk factors, such as immunodeficiency or diabetes mellitus. Level of Evidence: Moderate. Delegate Vote: Agree: 67%, Disagree: 25%, Abstain: 8% (Super Majority, Weak Consensus)
Is There a Role for Measuring Synovial Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Emara Khaled , Embil John M. 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: Based on the hip and knee arthroplasty literature, measuring synovial biomarkers may play a role in the diagnosis of infected total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the setting of a TAA can be confirmed with cultures, provided that a plausible pathogen is recovered in the context of a compatible clinical picture. In the absence of a positive culture, synovial biomarker analysis may help in establishing the diagnosis. Level of Evidence: Moderate. Delegate Vote: Agree: 92%, Disagree: 8%, Abstain: 0% (Super Majority, Strong Consensus)
What Are the Indications and Contraindications for Irrigation and Debridement and Retention of Prosthesis (DAIR) in Patients With Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Chan Jimmy J. , Mohamadi Amin , Walsh Samantha , Vulcano Ettore 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) with polyethylene exchange may be indicated in early postoperative infection (<4 weeks) or acute hematogenous infection (<4 weeks of symptoms) in patients with infected total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), although recurrent infection has been seen. Suffcient clinical evidence is lacking. Level of Evidence: Consensus. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Metrics Can Be Used to Determine the Optimal Timing of Reimplantation in Patients Who Have Undergone Resection Arthroplasty as Part of a Two-Stage Exchange for Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Senneville Eric , Lopez Valeria , Slullitel Gaston 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: There is no conclusive data regarding what metrics can be used in order to determine the optimal timing of reimplantation for an infected TAA. We recommend that reimplantation is performed when there are clinical signs of resolution of infection (well-healed wound, lack of erythema, etc), and the serologic markers have substantially declined (>40%) from baseline (measured at the time of diagnosis of infection). Level of Evidence: Consensus. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus).
Club Convergence among the Major Indian States During 1982–2014: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?
Authors: Hembram Sulekha , Maji Souparna , Haldar Sushil Kr. 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of ‘club convergence’ in respect of income among 15 major states in India during 1982–2014 using Markov chain along with stochastic kernel. The distributional dynamics observed among the major states support the process of ‘club convergence’. The empirical findings prove the hypotheses that economies that are similar in their structural characteristics and initial per capita income levels will converge with each other in per capita terms in the long run. The present study empirically re-establishes the hypotheses of ‘low-level equilibrium trap’ caused by low human capital investment. JEL: C14, H51, H52, O49, O53
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based quantification of C-peptide in diabetes patients
Authors: Wan MeiHua , Wang Yichao , Zhan Lingpeng , Fan Jia , Hu Tony Y 
Published: July 2019

Background Serum C-peptide concentrations reflect insulin secretion and beta cell function and can be used to diagnose and distinguish type-1 and type-2 diabetes. C-peptide is a more accurate indicator of insulin status than direct insulin measurement for monitoring patients with diabetes. However, the current methods available for C-peptide quantification exhibit poor reproducibility, are costly, and require highly trained laboratory personnel. Here, we have developed and evaluated a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based assay to standardize C-peptide measurements, providing highly accurate and comparable results across testing systems and laboratories. Methods C-peptide from human serum was enriched using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads. The eluted isolates were further modified with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) to enhance the ionization of naturally acidic C-peptide. After desalting with ZipTips, the samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Recombinant human C-peptide was used to develop the assay, and a heavy isotope labeled human C-peptide was used as an internal standard for quantification. Results The MALDI-TOF MS method was validated in accordance with the restrictions of the device, with a limit of quantitation of 25 pmol/L. A correlation between the MAL-DI-TOF MS assay and a reference method was conducted using patient samples. The resulting regression revealed good agreement. Conclusions A simple, high-throughput, cost effective and quantitative MALDI-TOF MS C-peptide assay has been successfully developed and validated in clinical serum samples.
Changes in Volume and Density Parameters Measured on Computed Tomography Images Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Nonspine Bone Metastases
Authors: Finkelstein Samuel , Raman Srinivas , Van Der Velden Joanne , Zhang Liying , Tan Carolyn , Dhillon Amanpreet , Tonolete Frances , Chiu Nicholas , Probyn Linda , McDonald Rachel , Sahgal Arjun , Chow Edward , Chin Lee 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Volumetric and density parameters measured from computed tomography scans were investigated for evaluating treatment response of nonspine bone lesions following stereotactic body radiation therapy. Methods: Twenty-three patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy to nonspine bone metastases with pre- and post-treatment radiological follow-up with computed tomography imaging were identified in a retrospective review. An expert radiologist classified 26 lesions by type (lytic, sclerotic) and by response. Two independent radiation oncologists created separate contours of the bone and soft tissue lesion volumes. Density and volume were assessed relative to baseline values. Results: For bone-only lesions, all lesions designated as local control decreased in volume or remained within 20% of baseline volumes. Lytic lesions classified as progressive disease exhibited much larger volume increases. Lytic bone lesions showed indications of remineralization with some exhibiting immediate increases in density (1-6 months) and others decreasing initially then increasing back toward baseline between 7 and 12 months. The majority of sclerotic lesions, all classified as local control, decreased slightly in both volume and density. Lesions with both soft tissue and boney involvement resulted in contradictory results when employing both radiological and size parameters for assessing treatment response. Classification was dominated by changes in soft tissue volume, despite associated volume or density changes in the corresponding boney lesion. In contrast, when soft tissue volume changes were minimal (<20% increase), classification appeared to be related primarily to density changes and not bone volume. Conclusions: Volume and density changes show promise as quantitative parameters for classifying treatment responses of nonspine osseous lesions. Further work is required for clarifying how these metrics can be applied to lesions with both boney and soft tissue components.
The preemptive analgesia of pre-electroacupuncture in rats with formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Yan , Bian Jiang , Li Qun , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2019

Background Electroacupuncture has been elicited to effectively alleviate the pain sensation. Preemptive analgesic effect of pre-electroacupuncture has also been suggested in recent studies, while the underlying analgesic mechanism of pre-electroacupuncture requires further investigation. This study aimed to explore the preemptive analgesia of pre-electroacupuncture in formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain model. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into control, model, pre-electroacupuncture, and post-electroacupuncture group. Inflammatory pain model was induced via injecting 50 µl 5% formalin into the plantar surface of right hind paw, while the equal volume of saline injection in the control group. Rats in the pre-electroacupuncture group were treated with electroacupuncture at ipsilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Weizhong (BL40) acupoints (2 Hz, 1 mA) for 30 min before formalin injection, while received the same electroacupuncture treatment immediately after formalin injection in the post-electroacupuncture group. Flinching number and licking time were recorded during 60 min after formalin injection. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and c-fos in spinal cord. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the secretion of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide in spinal cord. Results Paw flinching and licking were obviously induced by formalin injection. Iba1, c-fos, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ), and pain neurotransmitters (substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) were dramatically increased in the L4-5 spinal cord after formalin injection, while anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was decreased. Pre-electroacupuncture and post-electroacupuncture administration significantly attenuated formalin-induced nociceptive effects, spinal microglia and neurons activation, proinflammatory cytokines and pain neurotransmitters upregulation, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, these effects of pre-electroacupuncture were more significant than that of post-electroacupuncture. Conclusions This study illustrates the potential therapeutic effect of pre-electroacupuncture against acute inflammatory pain and reveals the mechanism underlying pre-electroacupuncture mediated analgesia, thus providing a novel preemptive analgesic treatment.
The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 1: Geomodel building
Authors: Shragge Jeffrey , Bourget Julien , Lumley David , Giraud Jeremie , Wilson Thomas , Iqbal Afzal , Emami Niri Mohammad , Whitney Beau , Potter Toby , Miyoshi Taka , Witten Benjamin 
Published: July 2019

A key goal in industry and academic seismic research is overcoming long-standing imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges. One way to address these challenges is to develop a realistic 3D geomodel constrained by local-to-regional geologic, petrophysical, and seismic data. Such a geomodel can serve as a benchmark for numerical experiments that help users to better understand the key factors underlying — and devise novel solutions to — these exploration and development challenges. We have developed a two-part case study on the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, which discusses the development and validation of a detailed large-scale geomodel of part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) located on WA’s North West Shelf. Based on the existing regional geologic, petrophysical, and 3D seismic data, we (1) develop the 3D geomodel’s tectonostratigraphic surfaces, (2) populate the intervening volumes with representative geologic facies, lithologies, and layering as well as complex modular 3D geobodies, and (3) generate petrophysical realizations that are well-matched to borehole observations point-wise and in terms of vertical and lateral trends. The resulting 3D WAMo geomodel is geologically and petrophysically realistic, representative of short- and long-wavefield features commonly observed in the NCB, and leads to an upscaled viscoelastic model well-suited for high-resolution 3D seismic modeling studies. In the companion paper, we study WAMo seismic modeling results that demonstrate the quality of the WAMo geomodel for generating shot gathers and migration images that are highly realistic and directly comparable with those observed in NCB field data.
Health professional-delivered obesity prevention interventions during the first 1,000 days: A systematic review of external validity reporting
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Heary Caroline , Laws Rachel , Van Rhoon Luke , Toomey Elaine , Wolstenholme Hazel , Byrne Molly 
Published: July 2019

Background: Childhood obesity prevention interventions delivered by health professionals during the first 1,000 days show some evidence of effectiveness, particularly in relation to behavioural outcomes. External validity refers to how generalisable interventions are to populations or settings beyond those in the original study. The degree to which external validity elements are reported in such studies is unclear however. This systematic review aimed to determine the extent to which childhood obesity interventions delivered by health professionals during the first 1,000 days report on elements that can be used to inform generalizability across settings and populations. Methods: Eligible studies meeting study inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified through a systematic review of 11 databases and three trial registers. An assessment tool based on the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was used to assess the external validity of included studies. It comprised five dimensions: reach and representativeness of individuals, reach and representativeness of settings, implementation and adaptation, outcomes for decision making maintenance and/or institutionalisation. Two authors independently assessed the external validity of 20% of included studies; discrepancies were resolved, and then one author completed assessments of the remaining studies. Results: In total, 39 trials involving 46 interventions published between 1999 and 2019 were identified. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (n=24). Reporting varied within and between dimensions. External validity elements that were poorly described included: representativeness of individuals and settings, treatment receipt, intervention mechanisms and moderators, cost effectiveness, and intervention sustainability and acceptability. Conclusions: Our review suggests that more emphasis is needed on research designs that consider generalisability, and the reporting of external validity elements in early life childhood obesity prevention interventions. Important gaps in external validity reporting were identified that could facilitate decisions around the translation and scale-up of interventions from research to practice. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016050793 03/11/16
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation Untuk Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab
Authors: Khaerotin Rahmah 
Published: July 2019

The problem of students who feel difficulties in writing learning is caused by the absence of learning media thereby reducing student creativity. For this reason, it is necessary to develop educational media as a medium that can motivate students to learn Arabic. This study aims to find out how the results of the analysis of the needs of teachers and students towards 3D Aurora-based interactive multimedia learning media Presentation is carried out by collecting data through the questionnaire needs. This study uses Research and Development (R & D) Design. The research data was obtained by interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of this study are that teachers and students want the development of 3D interactive multimedia-based learning media Aurora Presentation for Arabic writing skills in class V MI. We can know that the value of the overall aspects of media feasibility is 91.5, which means that the overall value of the aspect of media feasibility is in the range of scores of 86-100 reaching a scale of 4 with a very decent category (very suitable). Thus it can be concluded that the 3D Aurora Presentation-based interactive multimedia that the researchers developed is very feasible to be used by fifth-grade students.
Abstrak
Permasalahan siswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam pembelajaran menulis yang disebabkan oleh tidak adanya media pembelajaran sehingga mengurangi kreatifitas siswa. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan sebuah media edukasi sebagai media yang dapat memotivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil analisis kebutuhan guru dan siswa terhadap media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui angket kebutuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Desain Research and Development (R&D). Data penelitian diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa menghendaki adanya pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation untuk keterampilan menulis bahasa Arab kelas V MI. Dapat kita ketahui bahwa nilai dari keseluruhan aspek kelayakan media adalah 91,5 yang mana itu berarti nilai keseluruhan aspek kelayakan media berada pada rentangan skor 86-100 mencapai skala 4 dengan kategori sangat layak (sangat sesuai). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif berbasis 3D Aurora Presntation yang peneliti kembangkan sangat layak digunakan oleh siswa kelas V.
Kata kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, 3D Aurora Presentation, Keterampilan Menulis