bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropological Research of the Phenomenon of Spirit Possession: Social Aspects and Implications
Authors: Sinani Danijel 
Published: June 2019

Spirit possession, in its many forms, represents an important factor in numerous re­ligions and cults throughout the world. In the international context, work on spirit possession is abundant, and theories and their implications have been developed based on rich and lively ethnographic material gathered in many cultures. Unfortu­nately, in the context of national disciplinary production, this phenomenon was not thoroughly researched in anthropological circles.
The most significant researcher of the problem of spirit possession and its social consequences is undisputedly British social anthropologist A.M. Lewis. Lewis intro­duced concepts such as peripheral and central possession to the study of spirit posses­sion; he offered classification of different types of possession; and demonstrated that this phenomenon represents, for those who are in any way marginalized or disem­powered, a rare opportunity to draw attention to their problems and a channel of verti­cal social mobility.
Apart from the wide recognition and publicity it acquired, Lewis’ work also at­tracted a number of criticisms from authors of different background, but those criti­cisms are mostly poorly argumented or fail to take into account the additions and elaborations of results offered by Lewis himself.
In the past decades, the problem of spirit possession has been approached from various points of view; ethnographies were filled with new examples; its various functions discovered in societies where it plays a significant role; and different theo­retical and methodological approaches developed. Among the most significant contri­butions to the study of this phenomenon are those offered by authors such as Gellner, Gomm, Giles and Lambeck. However, after years of studying this phenomenon, we can conclude that even authors who claimed to be making a qualitative leap from A.M. Lewis’ approach just, in fact, applied his premises on new ethnographic mate­rial, and occasionally pointed to new functions or roles this phenomenon can assume in different communities.
PLANNING THE NEXT CENSUS FOR ISRAEL
Authors: Pfeffermann Danny , Ben-Hur Dano , Blum Olivia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Like in many countries, Israel has a fairly accurate population register at the national level, consisting of about 9 million persons (not including Israelis living abroad). However, the register is much less accurate for small geographical (statistical) areas, with an average area enumeration error of about 13%. The main reason for the inaccuracy at the area level is that people moving in or out of an area are often late in reporting their change of address, and in some cases, not reporting at all. In order to correct the errors at the area level in our next census, we investigate the use of the following three-step procedure: A- Draw a sample from an enhanced register to obtain initial direct sample estimates for the number of persons residing in each area on “census day”, B- Fit the Fay-Herriot model to the direct estimates in an attempt to improve their accuracy, C- Compute a final census estimate for each statistical area as a linear combination of the estimate obtained in Step B and the register figure.
We also consider a procedure to deal with not missing at random (NMAR) nonresponse in Step A. The proposed procedures are illustrated using data from the 2008 Census in Israel.
THE ODD GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL LOG-LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION GROUP ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING PLAN
Authors: Sivakumar Devireddy Charana Udaya , Kanaparthi Rosaiah , Rao Gadde Srinivasa , Kalyani Kruthiventi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this manuscript, a group acceptance sampling plan (GASP) is developed when the lifetime of the items follows odd generalized exponential log-logistic distribution (OGELLD), the multiple number of items as a group can be tested simultaneously in a tester. The design parameters such as the minimum group size and the acceptance number are derived when the consumer’s risk and the test termination time are specified. The operating characteristic (OC) function values are calculated (intended) according to various quality levels and the minimum ratios of the true average life to the specified average life at the specified producer’s risk are derived. The methodology is illustrated through real data.
FORMULATION OF THE SIMPLE MARKOVIAN MODEL USING FRACTIONAL CALCULUS APPROACH AND ITS APPLICATION TO ANALYSIS OF QUEUE BEHAVIOUR OF SEVERE PATIENTS
Authors: Dhar Soma , Mahanta Lipi B. , Das Kishore Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a fractional order of a simple Markovian model where the arrival rate of the patient is Poisson, i.e. independent of the patient size. Fraction is obtained by replacing the first order time derivative in the difference differential equations which govern the probability law of the process with the Mittag-Leffler function. We derive the probability distribution of the number N(t) of patients suffering from severe disease at an arbitrary time t. We also obtain the mean size (number) of the patients suffering from severe disease waiting for service at any given time t, in the form of

E

0.5
,
0.5

V

(
t
)

E_{0.5,0.5}^V \left( t \right)

, for different fractional values of server activity status, v = 1,0.95,0.90 and for arrival rates α = β = 0.5. A numerical example is also evaluated and analysed by using the simple Markovian model with the help of simulation techniques.
Yield and Nutrient Dynamics in Conventional and Organic Sweet Corn Production Systems
Authors: Woodruff L.K. , Habteselassie M.Y. , Norton J.M. , Boyhan G.E. , Cabrera M.L. 
Published: June 2019

Poultry litter is abundant in Georgia and is an inexpensive N source in an organic system. However, poultry litter characteristics are variable and nutrient availability for crops, along with potential accumulation of nutrients or metals in soils, depends on several litter and soil factors, necessitating site‐specific studies. Our objective was to determine if organic N management with poultry litter and cover crop yield comparably to synthetic fertilizers without accumulation of nutrients or metals. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) was grown in plots receiving four treatments: Control (no N), ammonium sulfate at 112 (AS1) or 224 (AS2) kg N ha–1 and combined use of poultry litter, blood meal, and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) at 112 kg available N ha–1 (PL). The average 3‐yr yield was greater in AS1, AS2, and PL than in Control, with no significant difference among AS1, AS2, and PL. However, yield was significantly lower in PL than AS1 and AS2 in 2013 when there was excess rain that might have affected N mineralization and availability. Mid‐season nitrate N concentrations were lower in 2013 than the other years in 0‐ to 15‐cm layer. End‐of‐season cornstalk nitrate N was within sufficient range for AS1, AS2, and PL in all years and failed to reflect low yield in 2013 in PL. There was statistically significant buildup of Zn in PL but it was not toxic and did not affect yield. Overall, the use of PL resulted in comparable yield as AS treatments except in 2013.Core Ideas

Combining poultry litter with cover crop for N gave similar yield to (NH4)2SO4.
Nitrogen credits from the cover crop reduced the quantity of poultry litter applied.
Reduced poultry litter application minimized accumulation of metals and nutrients.
The potential for post‐season nitrate loss was lower in poultry litter treatment than (NH4)2SO4 plots.
Do Hard Red Spring Wheat Varieties Vary in Their Response to Sulfur?
Authors: Kaiser Daniel E. , Sutradhar Apurba K. , Wiersma Jochum J. 
Published: June 2019

Sulfur is increasingly reported as deficient in many crops in the Upper Midwest of the United States. The objectives of this study were to determine if hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L. em thell.) varieties vary in response to S and to determine if plant tissue analysis can predict grain yield. Two studies were established in Minnesota. Study 1 compared two sources of S applied at four rates with and without in‐season S. Study 2 compared the response of six HRSW varieties to three rates of S (0, 8, and 16 kg S ha−1). Spring wheat grain yield and protein concentration were not affected by S rate, source, or timing with soil organic matter (SOM) >20 g kg−1. For locations with SOM <20 g kg−1, which were all sandy and irrigated, 8 kg S ha−1 maximized grain yield and protein concentration. Flag leaf S concentration varied among varieties separately from S rate applied. Wheat grain yield decreased when flag leaf S concentration was <4.1 g S kg−1, and grain yield responses were likely with concentrations <2.8 g S kg−1. There were negative relationships between tissue N/S concentration ratios and grain yield, but critical N/S concentration could not be determined. Application of S for HRSW should be targeted to soils with SOM <20 g kg−1 (0–15 cm). Sulfur rates sufficient to increase yield will result in an optimal protein concentration, and guidelines should not be varied based on the variety grown.Core Ideas

Application of 8 kg S ha−1 increases hard red spring wheat yield on sandy soils.
Flag leaf tissue S concentration will vary based on hard red spring wheat varieties.
Variety variation in flag leaf total S concentration cannot predict variety sulfur requirements.
Sulfur application rates should not be changed based on hard red spring wheat variety.
Tissue total S concentration is a better predictor of grain yield than the N/S concentration ratio.
A Modified Ingrowth Core to Measure Root‐Rhizome Accumulation of Perennial Forage Species
Authors: Cooley K. D. , Sollenberger L. E. , Blount A. R. , da Silva L. S. , Kohmann M. M. , Aryal P. , Dubeux J. C. B. , Silveira M. L. 
Published: June 2019

The ingrowth core method for measuring root accumulation has several advantages over sequential soil cores or mini‐rhizotrons. However, current ingrowth core designs are not well suited for use with rhizomatous perennial forage species or when defoliation occurs during the measurement period. Our objective was to develop a modified ingrowth core device and to evaluate its use for measuring root‐rhizome accumulation of a rhizomatous perennial forage in a hay management context. The modified ingrowth cores were constructed of 4‐mm polyester mesh surrounding a 7.5‐cm diameter cylinder constructed of cage wire. Field testing of the core design involved placing three ingrowth cores in each of four replicates of six treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of six rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) entries, and they were evaluated during 2017 and 2018. The ingrowth core design facilitated ease of placement, maintenance of core structural integrity throughout 100‐d deployment periods, rapid location of cores using a metal detector at the end of deployment periods, and precision to detect differences among treatments. We conclude that this modified ingrowth core design is well suited for measuring root‐rhizome accumulation rate of perennial forage species.Core Ideas

Root or root‐rhizome biomass is the dominant C supply to grassland soils.
There is little information on root‐rhizome accumulation rates under perennial forage crops.
A modified root ingrowth core device was developed and tested in a field study.
The modified core maintained structural integrity and successfully detected differences among treatments.
Landscape Controls on Nutrient Export during Snowmelt and an Extreme Rainfall Runoff Event in Northern Agricultural Watersheds
Authors: Wilson Henry F. , Casson Nora J. , Glenn Aaron J. , Badiou Pascal , Boychuk Lyle 
Published: June 2019

In the northern Great Plains, most runoff transport of N, and P to surface waters has historically occurred with snowmelt. In recent years, significant rainfall runoff events have become more frequent and intense in the region. Here, we examine the influence of landscape characteristics on hydrology and nutrient export in nine tributary watersheds of the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada, during snowmelt runoff and with an early summer extreme rainfall runoff event (ERRE). All watersheds included in the study have land use that is primarily agricultural, but with differing proportions of land remaining as wetlands, grassland, and that has been artificially drained. Those watersheds with greater capacity for storage of water in surface depressions (noneffective contributing areas) exhibited lower rates of runoff and nutrient export with snowmelt. During the ERRE, higher export of total P (TP), but not total N, was observed from those watersheds with larger amounts of contributing area that had been added through artificial surface drainage, and this was associated primarily with higher TP concentrations. Increasing or restoring the storage of water on the landscape is likely to reduce nutrient export; however, the importance of antecedent conditions was evident during the ERRE, when small surface depressions were at or near capacity from snowmelt. Total P concentrations observed during the summer ERRE were as high as those observed with snowmelt, and N/P ratios were significantly lower. If the frequency of summer ERREs increases with climate change, this is likely to result in negative water quality outcomes.Core Ideas
Rainfall runoff P concentrations and export were as high as with snowmelt.
Watersheds with drainage ditches had lower N/P export ratios in summer.
Drained watersheds show greater export of P with extreme summer rainfall.
Restoring water storage potential on the landscape may reduce P export.
Stability of Artificial Nano‐Hydroxyapatite in the Presence of Natural Colloids: Influence of Steric Forces and Chargeability
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Bi Erping 
Published: June 2019

The stability of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAP) affects its fate in the environment. Few studies have compared the influence of colloids with different properties on the stability of nHAP. Fulvic acid, montmorillonite, and goethite were chosen as representative colloids. An ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and NanoBrook 90Plus phase analysis light scattering (PALS) were used to determine absorbance, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter. Results showed that addition of fulvic acids could make nHAP more stable through electrostatic and steric effects, whereas montmorillonite affected the stability mainly by electrostatic effects. Goethite could adsorb onto nHAP particles and form goethite‐nHAP heteroaggregates at pH < pHpzc,goethite (i.e., pH at point of zero charge), and its addition enhanced the electrostatic repulsion forces at pH > pHpzc,goethite. Since fulvic acid has additional steric effects, its stability enhancement was greater than that of montmorillonite and goethite. Montmorillonite colloids were stronger than goethite colloids for enhancing the stability of nHAP, because montmorillonite had a higher absolute surface potential. The order in which organic and inorganic colloids were added affects the degree of stability of nHAP. Energy barriers calculated by extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek were in good agreement with the experimental results and implied that the nHAP particles were in the stage of reaction‐limited aggregation at pH 7 ± 0.1 and pH 9 ± 0.1. Our findings are important for understanding the cotransport of nanoparticles and colloids.Core Ideas
Organic colloids enhance the stability of nHAP, mainly by steric effects.
Organic colloids stabilize nHAP in the absence and presence of inorganic colloids.
Montmorillonite and goethite stabilize nHAP particles, mainly by electrostatic forces.
Energy barriers were calculated by extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek.
Energy barriers showed the predominant role of steric effects.
The Science of 4R Nutrient Stewardship for Phosphorus Management across Latitudes
Authors: Bruulsema Thomas W. , Peterson Heidi M. , Prochnow Luis I. 
Published: June 2019

When phosphorus (P) fertilizers were introduced, the main goals were to increase the productivity and profitability of agricultural crop production. Over time, other goals have been added: to minimize losses affecting water quality, to increase recycling, to reduce consumption of the limited resource, to improve soil health, and to enhance biodiversity. The science of 4R nutrient stewardship addresses these multiple goals. Across latitudes, temperate and tropical soils differ in their chemical reactivity with P. Legacies of cumulative P surplus, however, differ more widely across longitudes than latitudes. As of 2016, the ratio of cumulative P surplus to current crop P removal ranged from 18 in the United States to 31 in Brazil to 63 in western Europe. The opportunity to use these legacies to improve P use efficiency—and to reduce risk of harm to water quality—in all three regions depends on the improvement of tools to assess the availability of soil P to crops. Science focused on balanced crop nutrition and systematic analysis of crop response has the opportunity to improve farm‐level tools to guide responsible management of P. Transitions in 4R practice depend on engagement between science and industry not only at the farm level but along the full agricultural value chain. Whole‐system changes may be necessary to enable practitioners to implement 4R nutrient stewardship strategies that can in turn result in major improvements to full‐chain use efficiency of the earth's P resources.Core Ideas
The science of 4R nutrient stewardship supports multiple ecosystem services.
Intensive crop production often requires a legacy of P surplus.
Legacies of cumulative P surplus vary among regions.
Transitions in P management require science–industry engagement.
Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Lodging Resistance and other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas
Authors: Smitchger Jamin , Weeden Norman 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTo discover the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing lodging resistance and other agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was created from a cross between the variety Delta and a breeding line from a complex cross. The RIL population was grown for five site years, and phenotypic data were collected for 13 quantitative traits and seven categorical traits. Genotypic data were derived from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. A layered QTL analysis identified seven specific regions where QTLs for these traits colocated. Mendel's height gene (Le) and the semi‐leafless mutation (Af) together accounted for the majority of the variation in lodging in the pea RIL population. All of the seven regions influenced stem thickness characteristics, but not all regions were associated with lodging. The regions near the high response to photoperiod (Hr) gene, and Mendel's flower color locus (A) putatively influenced yield. Both the region near Hr and a region on upper Linkage Group (LG) I were very important for seed size. Since data were collected on 13 different traits, pleiotropic effects could also be studied, giving a unique multi‐trait insight into the effects of these QTLs.
Environmental Stability Study of Soybeans with Modified Carbohydrate Profiles in Maturity Groups 0 to V
Authors: Jo Hyun , Lorenz Aaron J. , Rainey Katy Martin , Shannon J. Grover , Chen Pengyin , Bilyeu Kristin D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop in the United States that is processed into two main products: a vegetable oil and a high‐protein meal used in livestock rations. Soybean cultivar development involves the incorporation of new traits that enhance value for the producer, processor, or end user. Soybean varieties that have seed composition characteristics that improve the value of the meal while still allowing high yields are desirable. The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFO) are antinutritional carbohydrates that reduce the nutritional energy of soybean meal, whereas sucrose can be considered nutritionally beneficial in soybean meal. The objective of this study was to expand the understanding of the environmental stability of the carbohydrate profiles for soybean lines containing different allele combinations of two key raffinose synthase (RS2 and RS3) genes, as well as targeted maturity gene combinations in a range of US soybean production environments. The results indicated that soybean genotypes with combinations of variant alleles of the RS2 and RS3 genes, as well as maturity genes appropriate for their targeted environment, produced characteristic carbohydrate profiles. Environmental factors did have an effect on carbohydrate components, particularly for sucrose. None of the genotype classes was stable for sucrose, although most of the variant RS2 genotypes accumulated at least 7% sucrose over the studied environments. In addition, five of the six genotype classes were stable for stachyose. The results establish the genotype classes with rs2W331− alleles suitable to develop soybean cultivars in broad maturity group backgrounds that have an enhanced energy meal trait.
Evaluation of the Low‐Temperature Tolerance of Rapeseed Genotypes at the Germination and Seedling Emergence Stages
Authors: Zhang Chunni , Luo Tao , Liu Jiahuan , Xian Mengzhu , Yuan Jinzhan , Hu Liyong , Xu Zhenghua 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTLow temperature is a main adverse factor affecting successful seedling establishment in the Yangtze River basin, and thus low‐temperature stress tolerance at the germination and seedling emergence stages is an important attribute for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. The present study was conducted to evaluate the low‐temperature stress tolerance indices (STIs) of a large conventional rapeseed genotype population at the germination and seedling emergence stages. Twelve seed germination‐ and seedling emergence‐related indices were investigated under normal and low‐temperature conditions, and the broad‐sense heritability of these indices ranged from 25.4 to 57.6%. Therefore, the selection of genotypes with strong low temperature tolerance is a feasible way to guarantee seedling establishment. Using principal component analysis, the STIs during the seed germination and seedling emergence stages have been divided into three main categories: dry matter weight, germination speed and final germination percentage, and root length with a seedling vigor index. The top three genotypes ranked by comprehensive STI score were Huayou No. 2, SWU44, and 2012‐K8053; the bottom three genotypes ranked by comprehensive STI score were Chuanyou18, wx1025, and 97096. The results of the present study could provide valuable information for breeders to utilize the rapeseed germplasm resources in the Yangtze River basin to achieve the goal of low‐temperature resistance breeding.