bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion weighted imaging of esthesioneuroblastoma: Differentiation from other sinonasal masses
Authors: Miracle Aaron C. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Glastonbury Christine M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) from other sinonasal tumors is difficult by MRI. We tested whether diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) could distinguish ENB from other sinonasal tumors.MethodsHundred forty‐six patients underwent sinonasal MRI, 75 with technically successful DWI. Pathology: 18 ENB (24%), 34 (45%) other malignant tumors, and 23 (31%) benign lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated.ResultsAverage ADC and normalized ADC of ENB (1.22 × 10−3 ± 0.28 mm2/s and 1.55 ± 0.36, respectively) were higher than other malignancies (0.98 × 10−3 ± 0.18 mm2/s and 1.31 ± 0.29, P = .002 and P = .034) and lower than benign disease (1.92 × 10−3 ± 0.33 mm2/s and 2.44 ± 0.50, P < .0001). ADC differentiated ENB from benign disease with 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity. An ADC cutoff of 1.1 × 10−3 mm2/s differentiated other malignancies from ENB with 72% sensitivity and 85% specificity.ConclusionsDWI is useful in distinguishing ENB from other sinonasal disease.
Memory for novel and familiar environments relies on the hippocampus: A case study on a patient with a right anteromesial temporal lobectomy
Authors: Claessen Michiel H. G. , van Zandvoort Martine J. E. , Leijten Frans S. S. , van der Ham Ineke J. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile the hippocampus has been ascribed a prominent role in navigation ability, it is still a subject of debate whether it contributes to learning novel environments only or to remembering familiar environments as well. We attempt to shed light on this issue by reporting on a patient who developed complaints of severe difficulties with navigation after she underwent a right anteromesial temporal lobectomy. A standard neuropsychological assessment revealed only a visuospatial working memory deficit. Clear evidence for problems with novel environments were found on a virtual route learning test. Two real‐world tests were used to investigate her ability to recall familiar environments. The first test was based on the area she grew up in (and still visits regularly) and the second test concerned her current place of residence which she never visited prior to the surgery. While her landmark recognition in general was accurate, she showed notable difficulties with indicating their locations on a map and with giving accurate route descriptions between them for both real‐world environments. This pattern of findings suggests that the hippocampus is not only important for navigation in novel environments, but also for familiar environments learned long ago.
Maternal perinatal representations and their associations with mother–infant interaction and attachment: A longitudinal comparison of Portuguese and Brazilian dyads
Authors: Fuertes Marina , Ribeiro Camila , Gonçalves Joana L. , Rodrigues Cristina , Beeghly Marjorie , Lopes‐dos‐Santos Pedro , Lamônica Dionísia A. C. 
Published: March 2019

Prior research in Western countries (mostly the US, Canada and northern Europe) indicates that mothers' representations are associated with mother–infant interaction quality and their child's attachment security later in the first year. Fewer studies, however, have evaluated whether these associations hold for mother–infant dyads in other countries, such as Brazil and Portugal. Although these countries share a similar language and culture, they differ on societal dimensions that may affect parenting attitudes and mother–infant relationships, such as economic stress, social organisation, social policy, and the availability of services for young families. In this longitudinal study, we followed two independent samples of Brazilian and Portuguese mother–infant dyads from the perinatal period to 12 months post‐partum. We assessed mothers' perinatal representations using semi‐structured interviews in the first 48 hours after the infant's birth, and evaluated the associations of these representations with mother interaction quality at 9 months and infant attachment at 12 months. Results were similar in each country, corroborating prior research in single Western countries: Mothers with more positive perinatal representations were more sensitive to their infants during free play at 9 months and were more likely to have infants classified as securely attached at 12 months.
Panel parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric construction of counterfactuals
Authors: Hsiao Cheng , Zhou Qiankun 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe consider panel parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric methods of constructing counterfactuals. We show through extensive simulations that no method is able to dominate other methods in all circumstances, since the true data‐generating process is typically unknown. We therefore also suggest a model‐averaging method as a robust method to generate counterfactuals. As an illustration of the sensitivity of counterfactual construction, we reexamine the impact of California's Tobacco Control Program on per capita cigarette consumption and election day registration (EDR) laws on voters' turnout by different methods.
Retracted: Knockdown of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR inhibits cell growth of human lymphoma cells by upregulation of miR‐148b
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Tian Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLymphoma is a common cause of cancer worldwide with an increasing incidence in recent years. A large number of studies have shown that HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) exerts as an oncogene in various neoplasms. However, the function of HOTAIR in lymphoma still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of HOTAIR in lymphoma and its underlying mechanisms. The expressions of HOTAIR, miR‐148b, and BMI1 in lymphoma samples and cells (AHH‐1, Raji, and U937) were quantified by quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell viability was measured by trypan blue assay. The efficiency of transfection was verified by qRT‐PCR or Western blot analysis. Apoptotic cells and cell cycle progression were both detected by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway‐related core factors. We found that HOTAIR knockdown reduced cell viability but increased apoptotic cells and inhibited cell cycle progression in Raji and U937 cells. miR‐148b expression was upregulated by HOTAIR inhibition. Meanwhile, miR‐148b inhibitor abolished the modulation of HOTAIR silence on cell growth, as evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, and decreased the rate of G1 phase cells. Furthermore, miR‐148b negatively regulated the expression of BMI1 by targeting its 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR), and BMI1 overexpression blocked the effect of miR‐148b mimic on cell growth. In addition, BMI1 promoted the activation of MAPK and ERK in Raji and U937 cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HOTAIR knockdown inhibited the cell growth and promoted apoptosis of lymphoma cells via upregulation of miR‐148b and miR‐148b further regulated the expression of BMI1 via MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.
Silenced CHOP protects pancreatic B‐cell function by targeting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α through nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hu Hao , Peng Lingling , Jiang Haiyan , Shen Haijun , Zhou Ping , Gao Yunming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. In the previous study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could increase the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression through inhibiting C/EBβ transcriptional activity. However, the role of CHOP and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of CHOP and PGC‐1α in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and the potential mechanisms underlying its actions.MethodsWe established the pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction model to identify the biological features and functions of CHOP. Apoptosis was detected using Western blot analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsOur results showed that high glucose (HG) increases CHOP and inhibits PGC‐1α expression and ameliorates apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. Silenced CHOP elevates the PGC‐1α expression and ameliorates HG‐induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. Furthermore, upregulation of the PGC‐1α alleviates HG‐induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. We also expounded that HG‐activated phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB through increasing PGC‐1α expression.ConclusionWe verified the function and mechanism of CHOP and provide evidence that CHOP and PGC‐1α may serve as potential candidates for the clinical treatment of DM.
Identifying UBA2 as a proliferation and cell cycle regulator in lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Jiang Biying , Fan Xiaoxi , Zhang Di , Liu Haifeng , Fan Chuifeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUbiquitin activating enzyme 2 (UBA2) is a basic component of E1‐activating enzyme in the SUMOylation system. Expression and function of UBA2 in human cancers are largely unknown. In this study we investigate UBA2 expression the function in human non–small‐cell lung cancer. Immunochemistry study showed that UBA2 was overexpressed in cancer tissues (53.3%, 40 of 75) compared with normal lung tissues (14.3%, 4 of 28) (P < 0.05). Immunostaining of UBA2 was mainly detected in nucleus. Overexpression of UBA2 in cancer tissues was significantly associated with poor differentiation, large tumor size ( > 5.0 cm), higher T stages (T3 + 4), lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages (III + IV). In vitro study showed that UBA2 was expressed in A549, 95D, H1975, and H1299 cells. Knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cells significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and upregulated cancer cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cell significantly increased the G1 and G2/M phase cells and reduced the S phase cells (P < 0.05). Gene expression profile after knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cells showed that the most related function was cell cycle, cell death and survival, and cellular growth and proliferation. Western blot analysis study showed that knockdown of UBA2 significantly inhibited expression of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1, mini‐chromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7. These results indicated that UBA2 was a critical cell cycle and proliferation regulator and may be a novel cancer marker in this malignant tumor.
Parental bonding, adult attachment, and theory of mind: A developmental model of alexithymia and alcohol‐related risk
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Mayer Kaitlin , Needham Katarina , Thorberg Fred Arne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveA developmental model of alexithymia in relation to alcohol‐related risk was examined.MethodValidated indices of parental bonding, adult attachment, alexithymia, theory of mind (ToM), alcohol‐related risk, and mood were administered to a nonclinical sample of 286 alcohol‐using men and women.ResultsHierarchical regression incorporating demographic and psychosocial variables accounted for 44% of the variance in alexithymia. Modeling indicated a significant path from dysfunctional maternal bonding to insecure adult attachment to alexithymia to risky drinking; a separate path indicated an indirect effect of alexithymia in association between the deficient ToM and risky drinking.ConclusionsFindings were consistent with a developmental model where dysfunctional parental bonding in childhood manifests in adulthood as insecure attachment and alexithymia, the latter reflecting the insufficient acquisition of emotion regulation skills; alexithymia, in turn, increases the risk of problematic drinking as an emotion regulation strategy.
Theaflavin 3,3′‐digallate reverses the downregulation of connexin 43 and autophagy induced by high glucose via AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shen Zhida , Chen Qi , Jin Tingting , Wang Meihui , Ying Hangying , Lu Jiangting , Wang Ming , Zhang Wenbin , Qiu Fuyu , Jin Chongying , Zhao Yanbo , Fu Guosheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTheaflavin 3,3′‐digallate (TF3), is reported to protect cardiomyocytes from lipotoxicity and reperfusion injury. However, the role of TF3 in the protection of high‐glucose injury is still poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of TF3 on gap junctions and autophagy in neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). NRCMs preincubated with high glucose were coincubated with TF3. The expression of connexins and autophagy‐related proteins was determined. The functioning of gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) was measured by a dye transfer assay. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was determined by western blot. Moreover, AMPK was activated with aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐d‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) or inhibited by AMPKα small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the role of AMPK in the modulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) and autophagy. Meanwhile, autophagy was activated or blocked to observe the change in Cx43 expression. It was found that the protein expression of Cx43 and autophagy‐related proteins was increased in a TF3 dose‐ and time‐dependent manner under high glucose. TF3 also recovered the reduced GJIC function induced by high glucose concentrations. TF3 activated phosphorylated AMPK in a time‐dependent way. AMPKα siRNA abrogated the protection of TF3, while AICAR showed similar results compared to the TF3 treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy activation caused decreased Cx43, while cotreatment with baf A1 enhanced Cx43 expression further compared with the TF3 treatment alone under high glucose. We concluded that TF3 partly reversed the inhibition of Cx43 expression and autophagy induced by high glucose in NRCMs, partly by restoring AMPK activity. Inhibition of autophagy might be protective by preserving Cx43 expression in NRCMs stimulated by high glucose.
ELP2 negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation impaired by tumor necrosis factor α in MC3T3–E1 cells through STAT3 activation
Authors: Xu Chang‐Peng , Sun Hong‐Tao , Yang Ya‐Jun , Cui Zhuang , Wang Jian , Yu Bin , Wang Fa‐Zheng , Yang Qing‐Po , Qi Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a pluripotent signaling molecule. The biological effect of TNF‐α includes slowing down osteogenic differentiation, which can lead to bone dysplasia in long‐term inflammatory microenvironments. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)‐interacting protein 1 (StIP1, also known as elongator complex protein 2, ELP2) play a role in inhibiting TNF‐α‐induced osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we investigated whether and how ELP2 activation mediates the effects of TNF‐α on osteoblastic differentiation. Using in vitro cell cultures of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells, we found that TNF‐α inhibited osteoblastic differentiation accompanied by an increase in ELP2 expression and STAT3 activation. Forced ELP2 expression inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells, with a decrease in the expression of osteoblast marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization capacity. In contrast, ELP2 silencing ameliorated osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells, even after TNF‐α stimulation. The TNF‐α‐induced inhibitory effect on osteoblastic differentiation was therefore mediated by ELP2, which was associated with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 activation. These results suggest that ELP2 is upregulated at the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells into osteoblasts and inhibits osteogenic differentiation in response to TNF‐α through STAT3 activation.
Signaling roadmap to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in pterygium, TWIST1 centralized
Authors: Meshkani Seyed Elyas , Kooshan Narges , Moghadam Arezoo Baradaran , Falanji Farahnaz , Adli Abolfazl , Baghbani‐Arani Fahimeh , Arian Alireza Ghasemi , Rad Abolfazl 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPterygium as a complex disease shares common features with other malignant cells in its onset recurrence and especially epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) transition. Although using different approaches including conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane, radiotherapy, mitomycin C (MMC) has shown promising insights in the inhibition of pterygium recurrence, it needs to be investigated in more details in molecular pathways to present adjuvant target therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of and then illustrate the role of signaling pathways on EMT in pterygium. Using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, the twist‐related protein 1 (TWIST1) expression was compared in primary pterygium and normal conjunctiva. This study assessed the mRNA expression, as well as the association between the clinicopathological indices and the gene expression level. The expression level of
TWIST1 was overexpressed in 36% of our cohort (
n = 76). There was a significant positive correlation between recurrence with grade T, grade V and a significant negative correlation with growth activity. Our vast literature review on different signaling pathways in pterygium showed that EMT has centralization role in recurrence of this disease. Our data confirmed that EMT is important in the recurrence of pterygium samples and different signaling pathways end up activating the EMT markers. It is suggested to evaluate the environmental factors and their correlation with molecular markers to select favorable treatment for this kind of diseases.
Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: ten Haaf Dominique S.M. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Bongers Coen C.W.G. , Horstman Astrid M.H. , Timmers Silvie , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. , Hopman Maria T.E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).MethodsA randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.ResultsA larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.ConclusionsIn physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.
Recurrence patterns after pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer
Authors: Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Kim Jae Ri , Byun Yoonhyeong , Jang Jin‐Young , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of the oncological outcomes of ampullary cancer have addressed recurrence, and many treatment‐related issues remain unresolved. This study evaluated optimal surgical treatment strategies based on recurrence patterns after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for ampullary cancer.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐nine patients who underwent PD with R0 resection for ampullary cancer from January 2000 to June 2012 were included. Generally, lymph node (LN) dissection extended to the right superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Recurrence was defined based on imaging studies. The first detected recurrence sites and patterns were analyzed.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 51.3 months, recurrence occurred in 89 (34.4%) cases, most commonly in the liver. Poor differentiation, advanced T stage, and LN metastasis were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Locoregional and systemic recurrences occurred alone or simultaneously in 20.2%, 73.0%, and 6.7% of patients, respectively. Locoregional and systemic recurrences tended to occur in early‐ and advanced‐stage cases, respectively. A nodal‐type recurrence around mesenteric vessels was the most common locoregional recurrence pattern, and 58.8% (10/17) were located left of the SMA.ConclusionAs nodal‐type metastasis around the mesenteric vessels was the dominant recurrence pattern, careful LN dissection around the SMA should be considered for early and advanced ampullary cancers.
Formation of the diverticular lumen that enables oocyte fertilization in katoikogenic scorpions, Heterometrus spinifer and Opistophthalmus boehmi (Scorpionidae)
Authors: Jędrzejowska Izabela , Maltz Tomasz K. , Szymusiak Kamil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe structure of diverticula of the female gonads was analyzed in two scorpions from the family Scorpionidae by means of standard microscopic techniques (light microscopy, histochemistry, transmission electron microscopy). In scorpions, the female gonad, termed the ovariuterus, participates in two consecutive processes: oogenesis and embryogenesis. In sexually reproducing scorpions, the ovariuterus is also involved in fertilization. Both scorpions under study reproduce sexually. They also represent the katoikogenic type of development, which means that oogenesis, fertilization, and embryogenesis take place in the diverticula, which are sac‐like outpocketings of the ovariuterine tubules. Formation of a lumen in the diverticulum is indispensable for sperm entry to enable fertilization and subsequent embryogenesis. The aim of the study was to test our hypothesis that the diverticulum lumen forms due to the engagement of the centrally located stalk cells. In this report, we show that in two species of katoikogenic scorpions, at the final stages of oogenesis, the cytoplasm of the stalk cells contains secretory organelles. In the stages preceding fertilization, secretory activity of the stalk cells and fragmentation of their apical parts lead to formation of the diverticulum lumen by a process similar to “cord hollowing” that commonly occurs for lumen formation in other morphogenesis model systems.