bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In Situ Depot for Continuous Evolution of Gaseous H2 Mediated by a Magnesium Passivation/Activation Cycle for Treating Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wan Wei‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Jung , Shih Po‐Chien , Bow Yu‐Ru , Cui Qinghua , Chang Yen , Chia Wei‐Tso , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInflammation is involved in many human pathologies, including osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen (H2) is known to have anti‐inflammatory effects; however, the bioavailability of directly administered H2 gas is typically poor. Herein, a local delivery system that can provide a high therapeutic concentration of gaseous H2 at inflamed tissues is proposed. The delivery system comprises poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microparticles that contain magnesium powder (Mg@PLGA MPs). Mg@PLGA MPs that are intra‐muscularly injected close to the OA knee in a mouse model can act as an in situ depot that can evolve gaseous H2 continuously, mediated by the cycle of passivation/activation of Mg in body fluids, at a concentration that exceeds its therapeutic threshold. The analytical data that are obtained in the biochemical and histological studies indicate that the proposed Mg@PLGA MPs can effectively mitigate tissue inflammation and prevent cartilage from destruction, arresting the progression of OA changes.
Recognition – The First Step to More Human Relationships
Authors: Alderdice Lord John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper I draw on my working experience in Northern Ireland and elsewhere, and reflect on how relationships between communities of people who are different, whether by color or from culture, often demonstrate deep difficulties as a result of longstanding, painful traumas. Humiliation, disrespect and unfair treatment of a community can be key factors in causing conflict and violence. I believe the way forward is to recognize each other as communities of real human beings who have their own thoughts, feelings, culture, background and hopes for the future. Then, there needs to be a progression toward respecting each other as individual human beings and as communities. Respect can then be entrenched in rights, and so violence and trauma can be reduced. The fundamental aim however is to create new and better relationships, not merely to put new legal commitments and regulations in place.
Facilitating Recognition: Listening to You, Dreaming Together
Authors: Keogh Timothy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe paper proposes the value of a number of psychoanalytic concepts in the understanding of the intra‐psychic, interpersonal and transpersonal processes that are involved in recognition. It is argued that there is an urgent need for such understandings, given the current “disadvantage gap indices.” The importance of dreaming (as a manifestation of what Bion calls “alpha functioning”), in the form of collaborative partnerships which can facilitate recognition, is highlighted. The value of an adaptation of Fairbairn's Endopsychic Model as a means of understanding tensions that may develop in such partnerships is also considered, as is Bion's concept of the “container‐contained”. This latter concept is also proposed as a useful psychoanalytic lens through which to understand how a colonial invasion destroyed a vital container‐contained relationship for Aboriginal people and the traumatizing effect this had on individuals and communities. The paper concludes by suggesting how partnering initiatives, especially those which involve psychoanalytic understanding, might make a modest contribution to the aims of recognition and their over‐arching goal of uniting our nation and bringing all Australians together on an equal footing.
Großversuche zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit bestehender Spannbetonbrücken an der Saalebrücke Hammelburg
Authors: Gehrlein Sebastian , Landler Josef , Oberndorfer Thomas , Fischer Oliver 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAufgrund des zunehmenden Alters des Brückenbestands, steigender Verkehrslasten und veränderter normativer Grundlagen und Bemessungsvorschriften ist die Querkrafttragfähigkeit bestehender Spannbetonbrücken mit geringer Querkraftbewehrung seit Längerem Gegenstand verschiedener Forschungen. Der Lehrstuhl für Massivbau der Technischen Universität München (TUM) konnte im Rahmen eines vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens im Jahr 2017 einzigartige In‐situ‐Querkraftversuche an der 1955 erbauten Saalebrücke Hammelburg durchführen. Speziell bei den vor 1966 erbauten Betonbrücken treten bei systematischen Nachrechnungen hinsichtlich der Querkrafttragfähigkeit in Längsrichtung meist massive rechnerische Defizite auf, die oftmals am realen Bauwerk nicht bestätigt werden können. Ziel dieser zerstörenden Untersuchungen an der zum Rückbau vorgesehenen Brücke war es deshalb, das Verhalten von realen Spannbetonbrücken unter Querkraftbeanspruchungen zu untersuchen, um einen Beitrag zu einer wirklichkeitsnäheren Bemessung von älteren Bestandsbrücken zu liefern. In diesem Beitrag werden die Konzeption und Durchführung der Versuche sowie das Bestandsbauwerk und die verwendete Messtechnik beschrieben, in dem folgenden Teil 2 zu diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der Versuche diskutiert und bewertet.
Network simulation tools and spectral graph theory in teaching computer network
Authors: Jovanović Nenad , Zakić Aleksandar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, we described software surrounding's for protocol analysis and learning about computer networks by using spectral graph theory. Software surrounding's consists of the computer network simulators and software surrounding‘s for spectral graph analysis which allows students get to know Internetworking technologies. System made in Java programming language, allows editing of the arbitrary topology computer network with switches, hubs, routers, and work stations. Configuration of elements of the network is done by using standard Windows or line interface. The visual tracking of IP packages, and also the content of the IP packages and frames is allowed. Basic component of this system is software package for generating corresponding graph and calculating the basic parameters from spectral graph theory and analysis of computer network of the given topology and type of protocol.
Sieve analysis and standard penetration test correlations using Microsoft Excel VBA and an iPhone app
Authors: Isik Haluk , Cabalar Ali F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article presents computer programs targeted for geotechnical engineering students, which are developed to work with sieve analysis and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) that calculate certain soil parameters. Sieve analysis is a fundamental step in almost all geotechnical engineering experiments including the SPT. The process after sieve analysis requires one to process large amounts of data. The computer programs presented in this paper, which are designed to be practical geotechnical engineering tools, helps to minimize errors in this process, and aids in understanding the application of correlation formulas of SPT. The iPhone App is an efficient and time saving tool for students as well as engineers where users can quickly see the soil parameters for different correlation formulas.
Germline genetic variants were interactively associated with somatic alterations in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Yuzhuo , Tian Tian , Zhou Gangqiao , Jin Guangfu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have identified several germline variants in gastric cancer. Meanwhile, sequencing studies have characterized extensive somatic alterations that arise during gastric carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between the germline variants and somatic alterations is still unclear in gastric cancer. A total of 11 susceptibility loci and 276 driver genes of gastric cancer were determined based on previous studies and publicly available database. An enrichment analysis was made to detect whether driver genes were enriched in susceptibility regions. Besides, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis to find common‐enrich pathways of cancer driver genes and susceptibility genes. Finally, on the basis of the gastric cancer samples and data from TCGA STAD project, we evaluated the associations between susceptibility loci and somatic alterations. Enrichment analysis showed that gastric cancer susceptibility genes were more likely to be enriched in driver genes than in all the genes (P = .05). The susceptibility genes and driver genes were commonly enriched in 8 biological pathways. Gastric cancer susceptibility locus of rs2285947 was associated with truncation mutation within Signaling by PDGF pathway (OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.12‐0.55, P = 3.93 × 10−4). The rs1679709 was connected with COSMIC Signature15 (P = .026). Moreover, rs1679709 was also associated with copy number values of RFC4 which is related to Signature15. These results provide evidence for the relationship between germline variants and somatic alterations, which facilitate understanding the interactive mechanism of germline variations with somatic alterations in gastric cancer development.
Picking One out of Three: Selective Single C−F Activation in Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Jaroschik Florian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe introduction of a trifluoromethyl (CF3) group into an organic molecule can modify its chemical behavior and lead to changes in its physicochemical and pharmacological properties. The CF3 group is often chosen for its chemical inertness and stability, which are related to the strong C−F bonds. In recent years, the potential of gaining straightforward access to difluorinated compounds through selective single C−F activation in CF3 groups has been unveiled. This review describes the latest methodologies for the synthesis of difluoromethylated arenes, difluoroalkenes and difluorinated aldol products of potential synthetic and/or biological interest, employing low‐valent metals, transition metal catalysis, FLP and Lewis acid mediated transformations as well as photoredox catalysis.
Reversible Switching between Phosphorescence and Fluorescence in a Unimolecular System Controlled by External Stimuli
Authors: Xu Jing , Feng Hui , Teng Hao , Chen Guilin , Pan Saifei , Chen Jianrong , Qian Zhaosheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractManipulation of the emission properties of pure organic molecules through external stimuli is attractive but challenging. Herein, a dual‐emissive hexathiobenzene‐based molecule is reported with significant aggregation‐induced phosphorescence characteristics, and demonstrates reversible switching among blue, green, and yellow phosphorescence by controlling molecular aggregation state or protonation state. Variation of solvent or pH value manipulates the interconversion between fluorescence and phosphorescence, while the change in protonation state in organic solvent switches two short‐lived emissions in a controllable manner. Such a controlled manipulation is achieved by the rational design of combining a twisted structure and the proper arrangement of energy gaps among different excited states. This work provides a new design principle for organic molecules with efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence and tunable singlet–triplet emissive properties, and contributes to the design and development of smart materials and intelligent optoelectronic devices.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic Limonene‐Based Chiral Aminodiols and Spirooxazolidines
Authors: Le Tam Minh , Csámpai Antal , Fülöp Ferenc , Szakonyi Zsolt 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA library of monoterpene‐based aminodiols was synthesized and applied as chiral catalysts in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The reduction of a bicyclic α‐methylene ketone, derived from natural (−)‐limonene followed by epoxidation, gave the key epoxy alcohol intermediate. Ring opening of the oxirane ring with primary amines induced by lithium perchlorate afforded the required aminodiols. Substituent‐dependent ring closure of the secondary aminodiols with formaldehyde resulted in both spirooxazolidines and a fused 1,3‐oxazine. Cyclization reactions of the studied aminodiols, resulting in spirocyclic oxazolidines and an isomeric perhydro‐1,3‐oxazine‐fused compound along with the possible iminium intermediates, were analyzed by a systematic series of comparative DFT models performed at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory.
Using Acutely Dissociated and Purified Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells for High‐Throughput Drug Screening to Identify Compounds that Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
Authors: Lariosa‐Willingham Karen , Leonoudakis Dmitri 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that involves an immune‐mediated inflammatory response in the central nervous system and optic nerve resulting in demyelination and neural degeneration, the cause of which is unknown. The adult central nervous system has the capacity to remyelinate axons by generating new oligodendrocytes (OLs). To identify clinical candidate compounds that may promote remyelination, we have developed a high‐throughput screening (HTS) assay to identify compounds that promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into OLs. Using acutely dissociated and purified rat OPCs coupled with immunofluorescent image quantification, we have developed an OL differentiation assay. Building on OPC culturing techniques developed over the past 30 years, we have scaled up the isolation and purification process to generate sufficient quantities for HTS. We then describe the use of these acutely derived OPCs in an assay designed to identify compounds that promote differentiation into OLs. We have validated this assay with a known promoter of differentiation, thyroid hormone, and subsequently used the assay to screen the NIH clinical collection library (Lariosa‐Willingham, et al., 2016). © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unveiling the Dual Emission Photo‐Deactivation Mechanism of a Neutral Heteroleptic Iridium (III) Complex
Authors: Luo Yafei , Hu Wuhong , Shen Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, the photo‐deactivation mechanism of dual emission of a neutral iridium (III) complex is explored by using density function theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density function theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. To explore the phosphorescence quantum yield of the iridium (III) complex, the radiative decay constant of each emission excited state was computed by TD‐DFT calculations, including spin‐orbit coupling (SOC). In these calculations, factors such as the transition dipole moments, energy gaps, and SOC elements between the emission states and singlet excited states are taken into account in the evaluation of the radiative decay constants. Additionally, the non‐radiative decay is revealed by considering the temperature‐independent and the temperature‐dependent non‐radiative processes. The computational results indicate that the order of the two emission excited states can exert a significant effect on the phosphorescence quantum yield, which is beneficial for understanding the properties of photo‐deactivation of phosphorescent emitters.
In Situ Complex with by‐product HCl and Release Chloride Ions to Dissolve Aramid
Authors: Dai Yu , Cheng Zheng , Yuan Yihao , Meng Chenbo , Qin Jiaqiang , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBecause of the strong hydrogen‐bond interaction among macromolecular chains, the addition of chloride salts is generally needed to offer Cl− ions for the dissolution of aromatic polyamides. In this paper, poly‐(benzimidazole‐terephthalamide) which complexed with by‐product HCl during polymerization (PABI‐HCl) was prepared and imidazole compound as cosolvent was added into dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to dissolve PABI‐HCl. Due to stronger affinity to protons, imidazole compound could in‐situ complex with HCl of PABI‐HCl and form imidazolium hydrochloride. Then imidazolium hydrochloride would ionize and produce much free Cl− ions which acted as stronger hydrogen‐bond acceptor to disrupt interaction among macromolecular chains. As a result, solubility of PABI‐HCl in DMAc was improved significantly in existence of small amount of imidazole compound. Moreover, DMAc‐imidazole mixture was utlized for synthesis of different kinds of aramids and no precipitation was observed with progress of the reaction. So the mixture was suitable to be utlized as solvent for polymerization of aramid.
Lotus japonicus Genetic, Mutant, and Germplasm Resources
Authors: Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Tanaka Hidenori , Muguerza Melody , Akashi Ryo , Sandal Niels Nørgaard , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj , Sato Shusei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA quarter of a century has passed since Lotus japonicus was proposed as a model legume because of its suitability for molecular genetic studies. Since then, a comprehensive set of genetic resources and tools has been developed, including recombinant inbred lines, a collection of wild accessions, published mutant lines, a large collection of mutant lines tagged with LORE1 insertions, cDNA clones with expressed sequence tag (EST) information, genomic clones with end‐sequence information, and a reference genome sequence. Resource centers in Japan and Denmark ensure easy access to data and materials, and the resources have greatly facilitated L. japonicus research, thereby contributing to the molecular understanding of characteristic legume features such as endosymbiosis. Here, we provide detailed instructions for L. japonicus cultivation and describe how to order materials and access data using the resource center websites. The comprehensive overview presented here will make L. japonicus more easily accessible as a model system, especially for research groups new to L. japonicus research. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of forest management on temperate ant communities
Authors: Grevé Michael E. , Hager Jörg , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Schall Peter , Gossner Martin M. , Feldhaar Heike 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman management of ecosystems can have direct or indirect effects on species communities. How species communities are affected by management is a key question in ecology and nature conservation. As keystone taxon, changes in ant communities can have sustained consequences for entire ecosystems. In forests, management has been shown to have an overall negative effect on ant communities in tropical and a positive effect in boreal forests. However, in temperate forests, it is unclear what components of forest management affect ant communities and how. This study explores the direct and indirect effects of forest management on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities in 150 temperate forest stands in three regions in Germany. Using a multi‐model inference approach and structural equation models, we analyzed the effects of 18 variables, including variables of forest management, forest structure, arthropod diversity, and biomass, as well as abiotic factors, on ant species richness, abundance, and functional trait diversity (Rao's Q) based on morphological (FDM) and life‐history traits (FDLH). In total, we found 28 ant species occurring on 120 plots. Main direct effects of forest management on ant abundance and species richness were caused by tree species selection, measured as dominant tree species. The main positive indirect effect was mediated by a reduced canopy cover with an increasing proportion of oak and pine, resulting in a higher temperature amplitude. Due to the low number of species in two regions, we analyzed functional diversity for the most ant species diverse region only. FDLH was affected positively by tree harvesting and negatively by structural complexity. FDM showed no response to forest management, potentially due to the low morphological diversity of temperate forest ants. Our results show that forest management practices in temperate forests strongly impact ant community structure. This can be beneficial for ants if management reduces the canopy cover, either by tree harvesting or by changing the tree species composition toward shade‐intolerant tree species. To promote ant diversity as key taxon for maintaining ecosystem processes in forest ecosystems, we suggest to integrate forest stands with more open and warmer conditions in future management strategies.
Trophic compression of lake food webs under hydrologic disturbance
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Gardner Jennifer R. , Connelly Kristin A. , Polacek Matt , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe need to protect biostructure is increasingly recognized, yet empirical studies of how human exploits affect ecological networks are rare. Studying the effects of variation in human disturbance intensity from decades past can help us understand and anticipate ecosystem change under alleviated or amplified disturbance over decades to come. Here, we use stable isotopes and an innovative analytical approach to compare the food webs of two akin lake ecosystems subject to disparate water use regimes, a pervasive, yet unappreciated stressor. We show that intensive water use (persistent, early season, rapid lake‐level drawdown) can compress trophic diversity by 46%, necessitating reorganization of biostructural elements configuring lake food webs. Compression occurred over the δ13C axis indicating erosion of basal trophic diversity, but food chain length remained intact over the period and intensity of disturbance examined. This study demonstrates the potential for water use, like other disturbances (warming, eutrophication, and invasive species), to mute opportunity for benthic‐pelagic coupling and benefits to lake food webs and the inherent capacity of lake ecosystems to adapt to stress. Trophically compressed lakes may be less able to adapt to intensified water use.
The effect of group purchasing on prices hospitals pay for medicines
Authors: Toulemon Lea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractI estimate the impact of group purchasing on medicine prices in French hospitals, taking advantage of the entry of hospitals into regional purchasing groups between 2009 and 2014. Based on a new database providing the average annual prices paid for all innovative and high‐priced medicines in public hospitals, I use a two‐way fixed effects model that controls for hospitals' medicine‐specific bargaining power and medicine‐specific price trends. I find that group purchasing slightly reduces the overall prices of medicines but has no impact on the prices of medicines that have no alternative on the market. On the contrary, prices of medicines in oligopoly markets are extensively impacted.