bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process factors affecting adhesion of encapsulation molding compounds
Authors: Liaw Yow-Ching , Chao Shou-Yen , Chou Jung-Hua 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the key process factors which affect the adhesion strength of encapsulation molding compounds (EMCs) to leadframes to obtain reliable components without any need to pretreat the leadframe surface.

Design/methodology/approach
EMCs were molded to Cu leadframes to experimentally quantify the effect of mold temperature, resin viscosity, leadframe oxidation and powder moisture on the adhesion force. Component reliability was assessed by PCT.

Findings
A higher mold temperature result in a larger adhesion force. The mold temperature of 175°C provides the largest process window. Leadframe oxidation can increase adhesion first, but then decrease it drastically with further oxidation. The powder moisture content has mixed effect on adhesion.

Practical implications
By molding at 175°C, limiting the wire bonding time and minimizing the powder moisture content, reliable components can be obtained without any need for leadframe surface pretreatment such as plasma cleaning or surface coating.

Originality/value
Quantify the key process factors which affect the adhesion of EMCs and reveal reason behind the current industrial practice of using the mold temperature of 175°C.
Photolithography-free PDMS stamps for paper microdevice fabrication
Authors: Montgomery R. Hunter , Phelan Kelsey , Stone Sawyer D. , Decuir Francois , Hollins Bryant C. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the applicability of 3D-printed molds to be used as a substitute for photolithography in the formation of polymer-based stamps. It proposes leveraging 3D printing as a rapid prototyping tool to be applied to microfluidic fabrication.

Design/methodology/approach
Different designs are created using computer-aided design (CAD) software and printed via Makerbot 3D printer. The molds serve as negative reliefs for a PDMS stamp. The stamp is used to apply paraffin wax to chromatography paper, creating hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. The minimum functional channel widths and barrier widths are determined for the method.

Findings
The method is demonstrated to be effective for bypassing the more cost-prohibitive photolithography approach for rapid paper microdevice fabrication. This approach produces functional channels that can be used for on-chip analytical assays. The minimum functional barrier widths and minimum functional channel widths are in good agreement with other published methods for paper-based microchannel fabrication.

Research limitations/implications
The approach cannot generate the high-resolution structures possible with photolithography. Therefore, if higher resolutions are needed for a particular application, this approach is not the best.

Practical implications
The simplicity of the approach introduces an affordable method to create disposable devices that can be used at the point of testing.

Originality/value
The paper satisfies a need for inexpensive, rapid prototyping of paper-based devices. The method is simple and can be used as a tool for introducing labs to microfluidics research.
Minimizing voids for a material extrusion-based process
Authors: Eiliat Hasti , Urbanic Ruth Jill 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
After experimental testing, it was recognized that a component’s strength relationship with respect to the volume material usage is inconsistent and that failures occurred in regions of voids. The purpose of this study is to present an optimal toolpath for a material extrusion process to minimize voids and discontinuities using standard parameters and settings available for any given machine.

Design/methodology/approach
To carry out this study, a literature review was performed to understand the influence of the build parameters. Then, an analysis of valid parameter settings to be targeted was performed for a commercial system. Fortus 400 machine build parameters are used for the case studies presented here. Optimal relationships are established based on the geometry and are to be applied on a layer-by-layer or sub-region basis and available machine build options. The component geometry is analyzed and decomposed into build regions. Matlab® is used to determine a standard (available) toolpath parameters with optimal variables (bead height, bead width, raster angle and the airgap) for each layer/build region.

Findings
It was found that the unwanted voids are decreased by up to 8 per cent with the new model. The final component will contain multiple bead widths and overlap conditions, but all are feasible as the available machine solutions are used to seed the model.

Practical implications
Unwanted voids can create failure points. Introducing an optimization solution for a maximized material fill strategy using existing build options will reduce the presence of voids and will eliminate “chimneys” or a void present in every layer of the component. This solution can be implemented using existing machine-toolpath solutions.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates that existing build settings and toolpath strategies can be used to improve the interior fill by performing targeted optimization strategies for the build parameters.
Influence of laser parameters on the surface morphology of slurry-based Al2O3 parts produced through selective laser melting
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Tingting , Liao Wenhe , Zhang Changdong , Yan Yishuai , Du Daozhong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to obtain high-performance ceramics and enrich additive manufacturing of ceramic parts. Also, a new manufacturing technique based on slurry by selective laser melting (SLM) was studied, which has some significant advantages compared to indirect selective laser sintering of ceramic powders.

Design/methodology/approach
To study the effect of laser parameters on the surface morphology and melting state of pure Al2O3 ceramics, laser power varied between 100 and 200 W and scan speed varied between 60 and 90 mm/s.

Findings
Experimental results show that Al2O3 slurry melts completely when the laser power is about 200 W and the scanning speed is 90 mm/s. Surface quality cannot be improved effectively by changing the scanning speed. However, surface quality improves when the laser power is 200∼205 W and energy density is 889∼911 J/mm3. Thermocapillary convection was observed during SLM. By changing the temperature gradient, streak convection and flowing Bénard cells were obtained during SLM of Al2O3 slurry.

Originality/value
It is feasible to produce slurry ceramic parts without binders through SLM. Increasing the laser power is the most effective way to fully melt the ceramics. Complex thermocapillary convection was observed during this new process; it may be used to produce crystals.
Fournier's gangrene: A 10‐year review and validation of mortality predictors in a Hong Kong major regional centre
Authors: Chan Brian Yin‐On , Wong Ben Wui‐Bun , Lo Kelly Ka‐Yee , Yim Carmen , Tse Cyrus Tak‐Yin 
Published: February 2018

AimFournier's gangrene (FG) is a surgical emergency necessitating urgent debridement and aggressive antimicrobials. Early recognition of high‐risk patients enables timely critical care, but controversies existed in common scoring systems. No local data are available on their applicability and valid prognosticating factors; therefore, the aim of the present study was to improve triage and mortality.Patients and MethodsFifty patients with FG from 2006 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline demographics, physiological and laboratory values, management options, and parameters in established scoring systems were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors via univariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the three commonest indexes were plotted to evaluate their diagnostic performance.ResultsMortality was 20 per cent, compatible with international literature. Nonsurvivors had greater median age (63 vs 53 years, P = 0.05), smoking habit (70 vs 30 per cent, P = 0.03), diabetes (80 vs 38 per cent, P = 0.03), immunosuppression (100 vs 68 per cent, P = 0.046), orchidectomy (30 vs 3 per cent, P = 0.022) and serum creatinine (1.2 vs 0.91 mg/dL, P = 0.042) and lower haematocrit (31 vs 36 per cent, P = 0.006). No survival benefit was observed in the construction of defunctioning stoma and suprapubic catheterization. For scoring systems, no difference in translated score levels was seen. The area under the curve of the FG severity index was 0.798, whereas that for the simplified and Uludag versions were 0.588 and 0.833, respectively; all were statistically not significant.ConclusionSmokers and elderly, diabetic, or immunocompromised patients, those with a higher creatinine or lower haematocrit level and those requiring orchidectomy had a poorer prognosis and could benefit from intensive care. Current scoring systems either perform poorly or have troublesome frontline application. The present study is the first local study of such intent.
Wireless ambulatory urodynamic study: A 6‐year retrospective review in a tertiary paediatric urological referral centre
Authors: Hung Judy W.S. , Chung Kenneth L.Y. , Yam Felix S.D. , Leung Yvonne C.L. , Lau Ambrose K.W. , Ng Robin B.C. , Liu Clarence S.W. , Tang Paula M.Y. , Chao Nicholas S.Y. , Leung Michael W.Y. 
Published: February 2018

AimUrodynamic study is a functional assessment of the lower urinary tract. It has an essential role in the evaluation of paediatric patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, be it due to neurogenic or nonneurogenic causes. Since 2013, we have introduced wireless ambulatory form of the study. In the present study, we performed a baseline review of our paediatric urodynamic service within a 6‐year period to determine its indications, outcomes and complications.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of all urodynamic studies performed between August 2011 and April 2017 in patients <18 years of age was performed. Demographics, including age and sex, and indications were collected. Urodynamic parameters, including type of catheter used, presence of detrusor overactivity, bladder compliance, end‐fill detrusor pressure, maximum voiding detrusor pressure, postvoid residual bladder volume and bladder emptying efficiency, were collected. Complications from either catheter insertion or the urodynamic study itself were documented.ResultsSixty‐seven studies were done between the study period in 55 patients (16 females and 39 males). Fifty‐eight ambulatory studies with natural and conventional fill were performed since 2013. The median age at study was 2.1 years (range 0.1–17 years). Indications included myelodysplasia (61 per cent, n = 41 studies), bilateral high‐grade vesicoureteric reflux (18 per cent, n = 12), dysfunctional voiding (15 per cent, n = 10) and patient with posterior urethral valve (6 per cent, n = 4). Suprapubic catheters were used in 62 studies in patients with urethral sensation, and transurethral catheters were used in five studies. Overall, 53 studies were considered abnormal (79.1 per cent). No complications resulted from suprapubic catheter insertion or urodynamic studies.ConclusionAmbulatory urodynamic studies using our unit’s protocol remain safe and child friendly, with minimal complications and high patient and parent satisfaction.
Letter: mucosal response in discriminating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease—when to look for it?
Authors: Sharma V. , Mandavdhare H. S. , Dutta U. 
Published: February 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Partap Mouli et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13840 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14535.
Editorial: the post‐Helicobacter stomach—not the same for cohorts and individuals. Authors’ reply
Authors: Kim N. , Hwang Y. J. 
Published: February 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Hwang et al and Genta papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14424 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14491.
Evolution and development of scyphozoan jellyfish
Authors: Helm Rebecca R. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTScyphozoan jellyfish, or scyphomedusae, are conspicuous members of many ocean ecosystems, and have large impacts on human health and industry. Most scyphomedusae are the final stage in a complex life cycle that also includes two intermediate stages: the larval planula and benthic polyp. In species with all three life‐cycle stages, the metamorphosis of a polyp into a juvenile scyphomedusa (ephyra) is termed strobilation, and polyps can produce one ephyra (termed monodisc strobilation) or many ephyrae (termed polydisc strobilation). In contrast to species with planula, polyp and medusa stages, a handful of scyphozoan species possess modified life cycles with reduced or absent stages. The evolutionary patterns associated with strobilation and life‐cycle type have not been thoroughly investigated, and many studies of ephyra development and strobilation induction are not yet synthesized. Herein, I place the development of scyphomedusae in an evolutionary context. I first review the current evolutionary hypotheses for Scyphozoa. Next, I review what is known about scyphomedusa development across a broad diversity of species, including the first signs of strobilation, the formation of strobila segments, and the morphogenesis of ephyrae. I then review cases where the canonical scyphozoan life cycle has been modified, and take advantage of phylogenetic hypotheses to place these observations in an evolutionary context. I show that the evolution of monodisc strobilation occurred at least twice, and that the loss of intermediate life‐cycle stages occurred several times independently; by contrast, the reduction of the medusa stage appears to have occurred within a single clade. I then briefly review the major natural cues of strobilation induction. Finally, I summarize what is currently known about the molecular mechanisms of strobilation induction and ephyra development. I conclude with suggestions for future directions in the field.
The benefit sharing vision of H3Africa
Authors: Dauda Bege , Joffe Steven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the central ethical tenets of research in developing countries is the sponsor's obligation to benefit host participants and communities. Two known models of benefits provision dominate the ethical discourse of research in developing countries. The first model, known as the “reasonable availability,” endorses the obligation to provide interventions proven to be effective at the end of a study. This contrasts with the second model, known as “fair benefits,” which endorses other forms of benefits that host communities may deem as fair beyond those derived directly from the study's findings. This paper explores a third benefit model consistent with the writings of the Human Hereditary and Health in Africa (H3Africa) research initiative. The H3Africa—a North‐South collaborative initiative predicated by U.S. National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust and the African Society of Human Genetics upholds a benefit model that endorses capacity building as the primary obligation of its research agenda. This is evident by the endorsement of mechanisms to strengthen capacity building in its research projects. While capacity building remains a plausible means of improving the expertise, quality and independence of research in Africa, sustainable measures are needed to realizing the full potential for African‐led research on the continent.
Layer‐specific global longitudinal strain reveals impaired cardiac function in patients with reversible ischemia
Authors: Hagemann Christoffer E. , Hoffmann Søren , Olsen Flemming J. , Jørgensen Peter G. , Fritz‐Hansen Thomas , Jensen Jan S. , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: February 2018

AimsTwo‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) detects early signs of left ventricular dysfunction; however, it is unknown whether layer‐specific global longitudinal strain (GLS) has incremental value in diagnosis of patients with reversible ischemia assessed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Methods and ResultsEighty patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and no history of ischemic heart disease were retrospectively identified to have been examined by 2DSTE, SPECT, and coronary angiography (CAG). Patients with a normal SPECT constituted the control group, and patients with a positive SPECT were divided into patients with or without (true‐ or false‐ positive SPECT) significant stenosis assessed by CAG. GLS was measured for two myocardial layers (endocardial and epicardial) and as well as mid‐myocardial GLS. Patients with reversible ischemia had significantly lower GLS compared to the control group (GLSEndocardial: −19.0 ± 4.4% vs −21.4 ± 3.7%, P = .011; GLSEpicardial: −14.3 ± 2.9% vs −16.3 ± 2.9%, P = .004); GLSMid‐myocardial: −16.5 ± 3.6% vs −18.6 ± 3.2%, P = .006. This difference was even more evident in patients with a true‐positive SPECT (GLSEndocardial: −18.0 ± 4.4% vs −21.4 ± 3.7%, P < .001; GLSEpicardial: −13.6 ± 3.0% vs −16.3 ± 2.9%, P < .001); GLSMid‐myocardial: −15.6 ± 3.6% vs −18.6 ± 3.2%, P < .001. Notably, no significant differences existed in patients with a false‐positive SPECT. GLSEpicardial was the only independent predictor of coronary artery disease.In conclusionIn patients with SAP and preserved LVEF, layer‐specific GLS at rest identifies patients with reversible ischemia. This seems to be evident only in patients with a true‐positive SPECT, thus, 2DSTE at rest might improve the diagnostic accuracy of a positive SPECT.
Laboratory maintenance does not alter ecological and physiological patterns among species: a Drosophila case study
Authors: Maclean H. J. , Kristensen T. N. , Sørensen J. G. , Overgaard J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLarge comparative studies in animal ecology, physiology and evolution often use animals reared in the laboratory for many generations; however, the relevance of these studies hinges on the assumption that laboratory populations are still representative for their wild living conspecifics. In this study, we investigate whether laboratory‐maintained and freshly collected animal populations are fundamentally different and whether data from laboratory‐maintained animals are valid to use in large comparative investigations of ecological and physiological patterns. Here, we obtained nine species of Drosophila with paired populations of laboratory‐maintained and freshly collected flies. These species, representing a range of ecotypes, were assayed for four stress‐tolerance, two body‐size traits and six life‐history traits. For all of these traits, we observed small differences in species‐specific comparisons between field and laboratory populations; however, these differences were unsystematic and laboratory maintenance did not eclipse fundamental species characteristics. To investigate whether laboratory maintenance influence the general patterns in comparative studies, we correlated stress tolerance and life‐history traits with environmental traits for the laboratory‐maintained and freshly collected populations. Based on this analysis, we found that the comparative physiological and ecological trait correlations are similar irrespective of provenience. This finding is important for comparative biology in general because it validates comparative meta‐analyses based on laboratory‐maintained populations.
The continuous treatment effect of an antipoverty program on children's educational attainment: Colombia's Familias en Accion
Authors: Villa Juan M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEducational attainment is an important element in the formation of human capital. Although many developing countries have made strong efforts to expand the coverage of education services, children in poor households still struggle to attend school on a regular basis. Human development conditional cash transfers (known as CCTs) have emerged in response to this situation in developing countries. While the effects of the CCTs are well known and widely documented, their effects in relation to educational attainment and school participation are still unclear. This paper looks empirically into the continuous treatment effects of participation length in Familias en Accion, a CCT program in Colombia. The paper focuses on the continuous treatment effects on school registration and educational attainment of participants in the program. Although initial results show a fuzzy relationship between the program outcomes and the participation length, the empirical results confirm the fact that a longer exposure to the antipoverty program led to higher school registration rates, accumulation of years of education, and lower child labor participation levels.
Local Estimation of the Conditional Stable Tail Dependence Function
Authors: Escobar‐Bach Mikael , Goegebeur Yuri , Guillou Armelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider the local estimation of the stable tail dependence function when a random covariate is observed together with the variables of main interest. Our estimator is a weighted version of the empirical estimator adapted to the covariate framework. We provide the main asymptotic properties of our estimator, when properly normalized, in particular the convergence of the empirical process towards a tight centred Gaussian process. The finite sample performance of our estimator is illustrated on a small simulation study and on a dataset of air pollution measurements.
The role of COBRA‐LIKE 2 function, as part of the complex network of interacting pathways regulating Arabidopsis seed mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization
Authors: Ben‐Tov Daniela , Idan‐Molakandov Anat , Hugger Anat , Ben‐Shlush Ilan , Günl Markus , Yang Bo , Usadel Björn , Harpaz‐Saad Smadar 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA‐LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA‐LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: ‘unraveled’ ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall ‘pyramidal’ organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage‐modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI‐SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox.