bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fly Microdroplets Viewed Big: a Cryo-SEM Approach
Authors: Gorb Stanislav N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
There are numerous biological surfaces covered with secretory fluids, such as the adhesive pads of insects, sticky trichomes of plants, gustatory drops on plant leaves, lubricating coatings of vertebrate joints, etc. These fluids can be well visualised using light microscopy methods, however it is difficult to obtain detailed high magnification ultrastructural information on the morphology of these small-volume droplets. Conventional SEM preparation methods fail, because of the presence of vacuum and/or the instability of the subject fluid under the electron beam. Part of the problem can be resolved by the use of an Environmental SEM (ESEM) or an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), but the first method is restricted in its resolution and the second method has difficulty with resolving the complex geometry of the substrate and is rather slow for the analysis of these small, fast-evaporating droplets. Moreover, it is desirable in many applications to visualise the fluid behaviour at the contact interface between two surfaces, and this task cannot be resolved via the conventional application of either SEM or AFM methods. Herewith, we describe a Cryo-SEM approach successfully applied for visualisation of droplets of various fluids deposited on a substrate, or located at the interface between two surfaces.
A Simplified Method for Formulation of Epoxy Resin Embedding Media
Authors: Ann Ellis E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In a recent paper on the revised formulation of Spurr low viscosity embedding medium with ERL 4221 the importance of maintaining an appropriate anhydride:epoxide (A:E) ratio was discussed. By understanding a few simple concepts about epoxy resin formulations and setting up a formulation table it is possible to create new resin mixtures with good sectioning properties and other desirable properties such as decreased viscosity and increased beam stability.
Before starting a formulation you need to know the molecular weight of the anhydride and the WPE (weight per epoxide equivalent) of the epoxy resin component. The molecular weights and WPEs are usually printed on the bottle or can be obtained from the vendor. An A:E ratio of 0.7:1.0 -1.0:1.0 is used for most biological specimens. Increasing the A:E ratio results in a harder block; decreasing the A:E ratio results in a softer block. Table 1 shows a basic formulation spreadsheet where the molecular weights of the anhydrides and the WPEs of the epoxy resin components can be entered. The A:E ratio is entered under the anhydride for the molar ratio and the molar ratios of the epoxy components are entered under the epoxy components. The calculations are done as shown in each column and row.
Emission Myths #2
Authors: Schamber Fred 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Most electron microscopists appreciate that proper operation of the source is vital to the operation of the entire instrument. But because the gun involves a complex interplay of phenomena, few of which can be directly observed, some common misconceptions have gained currency — typically these "myths" contain a kernel of truth, but they can also mislead when accepted uncritically. In this series of articles, we explore three areas of common misunderstanding relative to operation of the thermionic {tungsten filament or LaB6) gun. (Field emitters are subject to very different considerations.)
A Simple Preparation Method for Holey Carbon Grids
Authors: Tivol Bill 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
There are two distinct uses for holey carbon grids: for image checking and for support for ultrathin carbon films for cryo- EM. This procedure gives holes that are too large for convenient image checking, but are the appropriate size for support of carbon films. The procedure is divided into making the formvar mixture, dipping the slides and getting the film on the grids.
1) Take 45 mL of chloroform, add 0.2 g of formvar, and shake to dissolve. A small brawn glass jar with a capacity of 100 mL is the best container to use, and the jars from commercial formvar solution are ideal.
Studying an antiaromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon adsorbed on different surfaces
Authors: Majzik Zsolt , Pavliček Niko , Vilas-Varela Manuel , Pérez Dolores , Moll Nikolaj , Guitián Enrique , Meyer Gerhard , Peña Diego , Gross Leo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAntiaromatic and open-shell molecules are attractive because of their distinct electronic and magnetic behaviour. However, their increased reactivity creates a challenge for probing their properties. Here, we describe the on-surface and in-solution generation and characterisation of a highly reactive antiaromatic molecule: indeno[1,2-b]fluorene (IF). In solution, we generated IF by KI-induced dehalogenation of a dibromo-substituted precursor molecule and found that IF survives for minutes at ambient conditions. Using atom manipulation at low temperatures we generated IF on Cu(111) and on bilayer NaCl. On these surfaces, we characterised IF by bond-order analysis using non-contact atomic force microscopy with CO-functionalised tips and by orbital imaging using scanning tunnelling microscopy. We found that the closed-shell configuration and antiaromatic character predicted for gas-phase IF are preserved on the NaCl film. On Cu(111), we observed significant bond-order reorganisation within the s-indacene moiety because of chemisorption, highlighting the importance of molecule surface interactions on the π-electron distribution.
Molecular basis of binding between the global post-transcriptional regulator CsrA and the T3SS chaperone CesT
Authors: Ye Fei , Yang Fanli , Yu Ruijie , Lin Xi , Qi Jianxun , Chen Zhujun , Cao Yu , Wei Yuquan , Gao George F. , Lu Guangwen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe T3SS chaperone CesT is recently shown to interact with the post-transcriptional regulator CsrA to modulate post-attachment signaling in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The molecular basis of the CesT/CsrA binding, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that CesT and CsrA both created two ligand binding sites in their homodimers, forming irregular multimeric complexes in solution. Through construction of a recombinant CsrA-dimer (Re-CsrA) that contains a single CesT binding site, the atomic binding features between CesT and CsrA are delineated via the structure of the CesT/Re-CsrA complex. In contrast to a previously reported N-terminally swapped dimer-form, CesT adopts a dimeric architecture with a swapped C-terminal helix for CsrA engagement. In CsrA, CesT binds to a surface patch that extensively overlaps with its mRNA binding site. The binding mode therefore justifies a mechanism of CsrA-modulation by CesT via competitive inhibition of the CsrA/mRNA interactions.
Hybrid global maximum power point tracking approach for photovoltaic power optimisers
Authors: Başoğlu Mustafa Engin , Çakır Bekir 
Published: March 2018

A new hybrid global maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) method is introduced in this study by using an improved 0.8 VOC model‐based algorithm containing a smart power scanning procedure which is based on the sign of a change of photovoltaic (PV) module power. By courtesy of this procedure, the global MPP is determined effectively and within a small scanning time interval. The effectiveness of the proposed global MPPT algorithm has been validated by experimental studies. One of the buck‐boost converter types, a single‐ended primary inductance converter was implemented in this context. Experimental results show that tracking efficiency in the proposed algorithm is very satisfactory since blind scanning is prevented. Furthermore, it is presented in the experimental results that tracking efficiency is bigger in the proposed shading detection approach by up to 11.29% than the other technique which monitors voltage and current variations. In addition, there are no high software and hardware burdens which make this MPPT algorithm applicable especially in the smart alternating current module, module‐integrated converters, PV power optimisers, and module level distributed MPPT applications.
ALMA detection of a tentative nearly edge-on rotating disk around the nearby AGB star R Doradus
Authors: Homan Ward , Danilovich Taissa , Decin Leen , de Koter Alex , Nuth Joseph , Van de Sande Marie 
Published: March 2018

A spectral scan of the circumstellar environment of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Doradus was taken with ALMA in cycle 2 at frequencies between 335 and 362 GHz and with a spatial resolution of ~150 milliarcseconds. Many molecular lines show a spatial offset between the blue and red shifted emission in the innermost regions of the wind. The position-velocity diagrams of this feature, in combination with previous SPHERE data and theoretical work point towards the presence of a compact differentially rotating disk, orientated nearly edge-on. We model the 28SiO (v = 1, J = 8 → 7) emission with a disk model. We estimate the disk mass and angular momentum to be 3 × 10−6 M⊙ and 5 × 1040 m2 kg s−1. The latter presents an “angular momentum problem” that may be solved by assuming that the disk is the result of wind-companion interactions with a companion of at least 2.5 earth masses, located at 6 AU, the tentatively determined location of the disk’s inner rim. An isolated clump of emission is detected to the south-east with a velocity that is high compared to the previously determined terminal velocity of the wind. Its position and mean velocity suggest that it may be associated with a companion planet, located at the disk’s inner rim.
Semi-transparent photovoltaic glazing based on electrodeposited CIGS solar cells on patterned molybdenum/glass substrates
Authors: Sidali Tarik , Bou Adrien , Coutancier Damien , Chassaing Elisabeth , Theys Bertrand , Barakel Damien , Garuz Richard , Thoulon Pierre-Yves , Lincot Daniel 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a new way of preparing semi-transparent solar cells using Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) chalcopyrite semiconductors as absorbers for BIPV applications is presented. The key to the elaboration process consists in the co-electrodeposition of Cu-In-Ga mixed oxides on submillimetric hole-patterned molybdenum substrate, followed by thermal reduction to metallic alloys and selenisation. This method has the advantage of being a selective deposition technique where the thin film growth is carried out only on Mo covered areas. Thus, after annealing, the transparency of the sample is always preserved, allowing light to pass through the device. A complete device (5 × 5 cm2) with 535 μm diameter holes and total glass aperture of around 35% shows an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 400 mV. Locally, the I-V curves reveal a maximum efficiency of 7.7%, VOC of 460 mV, JSC of 24 mA.cm−2 in an area of 0.1 cm2 with 35% aperture. This efficiency on the semi-transparent area is equivalent to a record efficiency of 11.9% by taking into account only the effective area.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer in elderly patients with relative indications for endoscopic treatment
Authors: Qi Zhi-Peng , Chen Tao , Li Bing , Ren Zhong , Yao Li-Qing , Shi Qiang , Cai Shi-Lun , Zhong Yun-Shi , Zhou Ping-Hong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background According to the Japanese Esophageal Society (JES) guidelines, early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involving the muscularis mucosae (M3) or upper submucosal (SM1) layers are relative indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Additional esophagectomy or chemoradiotherapy is recommended for patients with relative indications after evaluation. However, elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with relative indications in China often refuse additional treatment because of the debilitating side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of elderly patients with relative indications who did not undergo additional treatment after ESD.
Methods Data from elderly patients with relative indications who underwent ESD for early esophageal SCC between January 2008 and December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Stricture and recurrence, and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were compared with patients with absolute indications for ESD.
Results 158 elderly patients were included and analyzed (89 in the absolute indications group and 69 in the relative indications group). The baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. During 56 months (range 1 – 108) of follow-up, the postoperative stricture rates were similar in the absolute and relative indications groups (21.3 % vs. 31.9 %; P  = 0.13). The hazard ratio (HR) for PFS in the absolute vs. the relative indications groups was 1.025 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.36 – 2.95; P = 0.96). The 5-year PFS rates were 90.5 % (95 %CI 83.44 – 97.56) and 90.8 % (95 %CI 83.74 – 97.86) for the absolute and relative indications groups, respectively. The HR for overall survival in the absolute vs. the relative indications groups was 0.564 (95 %CI 0.13 – 2.52; P = 0.45). The 5-year overall survival rates were 96.6 % (95 %CI 92.88 – 100) and 95.6 % (95 %CI 90.70 – 100) for the absolute and relative indications groups, respectively.
Conclusions Based on this study, regular follow-up without additional treatment may be considered as another choice for elderly patients with early esophageal SCC and relative indications after ESD.
What's New in Grade II and Grade III Gliomas?
Authors: Wick Wolfgang , Miller Julie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe majority of World Health Organization grade II and grade III gliomas harbor heterozygous mutations in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), and tumors with an IDH wild-type status show molecular features of a glioblastoma and simply may constitute a separate disease entity. This discovery has led to a profound shift in the way that gliomas are classified and, consequently, how treatment decisions are made. We will review the current understanding of IDH-mutant gliomagenesis and the preclinical models being used to investigate the underlying biology of these tumors and to explore new therapeutic options for these patients. We further summarize the results of recent pivotal trials addressing treatment of grade II and grade III gliomas and highlight promising IDH-mutant-specific therapies on the horizon.
Moraxella osloensis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Purohit Prashant , Sadek Sherif Abdul Latif , Tak Komal , Emara Maha , Bafna Ritu , Al-Obaid Ina'am Ahmad , Habibi Nazima , Mustafa Abu Salim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a rare cause of sepsis, central nervous system infection, chest infection, and endophthalmitis. In the present case, the organism was isolated from the blood of an 8-year-old immunocompetent boy. It could not be identified with VITEK-2 and API-20NE (bioMerieux SA, Marcy-l'Etoile, France). Latex-based bacterial antigen test (BD Directigen Meningitis Combo Test; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, Maryland, United States) was positive for Neisseria meningitidis A/Y. It was identified as M. osloensis using matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) (Vitek MS, bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Etoile) (confidence level 99.9%) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (99% sequence identity). The child responded well to ampicillin, and was discharged home after 4 days, on oral amoxicillin–clavulanic acid for the next 7 days. M. osloensis is a rare cause of bacteremia. It may masquerade as N. meningitidis in the routine tests performed in the routine microbiology laboratories. It is imperative to confirm the identification with MALDI-TOF or a molecular method to remove the false positive diagnosis of N. meningitidis, and to avoid the unnecessary use of prophylaxis with rifampicin or ciprofloxacin.
Book Review - Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery
Authors: Silva Gilvan Aguiar da , da Silva Elton Gomes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the present article, we review the book Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery, by British neurosurgeon Dr. Henry Marsh, a book that can offer a significant contribution to medical education regarding the ethics and vocation for neurosurgery.
Musiktherapie in der neurologischen
Frührehabilitation
Authors: Lüdke Renate 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungWelche Möglichkeiten gibt es, und wie grenzt sich die Musiktherapie von anderen
Therapieformen ab bzw. wie ergänzen diese sich? In folgendem Fallbeispiel aus
dem Klinikalltag der Frühreha sollen diese Aspekte beleuchtet und die Methoden
der Musiktherapie ausführlicher erläutert werden. Ein Schwerpunkt wird dabei auf
der therapeutischen Beziehung liegen, die bei der Musiktherapie mit Patienten
mit erworbenen Hirnschäden einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnimmt.
Musiktherapie bei Parkinson-Erkrankung
Authors: Mainka Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungMusik bietet nicht nur Unterhaltung und ästhetischen Genuss. Sie birgt für
Betroffene der Parkinson-Krankheit auch eine Reihe von therapeutischen
Potenzialen: Die Beweglichkeit und das Gehen können sich ebenso verbessern wie
die Feinmotorik. Auch das Singen hat heilende Wirkung. Der Artikel schildert,
dass dies alles auch ohne musikalische Vorerfahrung und besonderes Talent
gelingen kann.
Wie wirksam ist Musik in der
Neurorehabilitation?
Authors: Geipel Josephine , Weller Franziska 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungMusik hebt die Laune, steigert die Leistungsfähigkeit und hilft uns, unsere
Gefühle zu regulieren. Ihre Rhythmen verbinden sich mit biologischen Rhythmen,
unterstützen Bewegung und Motivation. Diese Effekte macht sich die
Neurorehabilitation zunutze.
Truth after post-truth: for a Strong Programme in Discourse Studies
Authors: Angermuller Johannes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractContemporary post-truth discourses put the constructivist foundations of Discourse Studies to a test. According to critical observers, discourse analysts have been playing into the hands of Trump, Brexit and right-wing populists by politicising scientific knowledge and undermining the idea of scientific truth. In order to respond to these concerns, this article outlines a Strong Programme in Discourse Studies. While the Strong Programme insists on truths as discursive constructions, in no way does it claim that all ideas have the same truth value or that an idea can become true because somebody wants it to be true. The Strong Programme makes the case for discourse research that is constructivist (it asks how truths are constructed practically) without being relativist (all ideas do not have the same normative quality). Taking inspiration from debates in Science and Technology Studies of the 1970s, the Strong Programme formulates principles for discourse researchers dealing with conflicting truth claims. Discourse analytical explanations of truths of first-order participants and of second-order observers should be symmetrical, heterogeneous, multi-perspectival and reflexive. The Strong Programme discourse research is grounded in the founding traditions of “French” and “Critical” Discourse Studies, which have struggled over questions of truth and reality since the beginning. While critically interrogating the structuralist heritage of these strands, the Strong Programme insists on the practices of making and unmaking ideas through language use no matter whether they appear as true or false to participants and observers. Discourse Studies are encouraged to critically reflect on how hierarchies between knowledges are not only represented but, through their representation, also constituted through discursive practices.
Energy dissipation and fluctuations in a driven liquid
Authors: del Junco Clara , Tociu Laura , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Characterizing how energy consumption changes the properties of model nonequilibrium systems, particularly those with time-dependent steady states, remains an open problem—one that is key to advancing our understanding of a wide range of experimental and biological systems. Here, we derive a relation between the work done on a system of particles driven by time-periodic forces and the force fluctuations in the system. This relation gives us information about how pushing the system out of equilibrium modifies its structure and transport properties and leads to phase separation. Our results suggest ways to explore how energy dissipation can be used to tune the properties of nonequilibrium materials.
Accessing morphosyntactic information is preserved at old age, except for irregulars
Authors: Reifegerste Jana , Clahsen Harald 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe current study examined morphological priming in older individuals using two complex phenomena of German inflection. Study 1 examined inflected adjectives which encode multiple morphosyntactic features using regular affixes. Study 2 targeted inflected verb forms which also encode multiple features, but in this case using idiosyncratic stem variants. Study 1 revealed priming effects indicating efficient access of morphosyntactic features from inflected word forms with regular affixes. Study 2 showed that the same individuals were less efficient at accessing morphosyntactic features from marked stems. We argue that this contrast reflects age-related memory decline, which affects feature access from (lexically conditioned) stem variants more than feature access from lexically unconditioned regular forms.
The asymmetric contribution of consonants and vowels to phonological similarity
Authors: Turnbull Rory , Peperkamp Sharon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Lexical priming is known to arise from phonological similarity between prime and target, and this phenomenon is an important component of our understanding of the processes of lexical access and competition. However, the precise nature of the role of phonological similarity in lexical priming is understudied. In the present study, two experiments were conducted in which participants performed auditory lexical decision on CVC targets which were preceded by primes that either matched the target in all phonemes (CVC condition), in the first two phonemes (CV_ condition), the last two phonemes (_VC condition), the initial and last phonemes (C_C condition) or no phonemes (unrelated condition). Relative to the unrelated condition, all conditions except CV_ led to facilitation of response time to target words. The _VC and C_C conditions led to equivalent facilitation magnitude, while the CV_ condition showed neither facilitation nor inhibition. Accounting for these results requires appeal to processes of lexical competition and also to the notion that phonemes do not lend equivalent phonological similarity; that is, vowels and consonants are processed differently.
Properties of leaves particleboard for sheathing application
Authors: Nuryawan Arif , Rahmawaty  
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Manufacturing particleboard (PB) made of leaves was carried out to make non-structural building components, such as insulation, partition, wall, and sheathing. Raw materials used dry leaves originated from plantation (palm oil leaves) and forest plantation (magahony leaves). The adhesive used was interior type thermosetting commercial resins, namely 10% urea-formaldehyde (UF) based on oven dry leaves. Hardener used for UF resin was 1% and 3% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) 20% (w/w), respectively. Technically, the target density of PB was 0.8 g/cm3 with the dimension’s size of (250 x 250 x 10) mm3. The pressure, temperature, and time of pressing of the hot press were 25 kgf/cm2, 120C, and 10 minutes, respectively. After conditioning for one week, the PB then was evaluated their physical and mechanical properties according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 (2003). Results of this work showed: 1) Both types of PB (palm oil and mahagony leaves) were feasible to be produced for non-structural applications; 2) Addition of hardener enhanced the physical and mechanical properties of PB; 3) It was recommended to enhance the performance of the PB by manipulation of the raw materials and the design.