bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-focused medicines information: General practitioners’ and pharmacists’ views on websites and leaflets
Authors: Young Amber , Tordoff June , Leitch Sharon , Smith Alesha 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: To determine how often general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists recommend patients obtain information about their medicines via websites and to explore factors that might improve the delivery of written information about medicines to patients. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: GPs and community pharmacists in New Zealand primary care. Method: Questionnaires were developed and sent to a sample of pharmacists and GPs. Data were collected using SurveyMonkey® and analysed to examine views about websites and leaflets informing patients about medicines. Results: In total, 143 GPs and 126 pharmacists responded. GPs and pharmacists did not routinely direct patients to medicine information websites. Most commonly, GPs did not provide medicine information leaflets due to time constraints and concerns about possibly confusing information. Both professions thought leaflets might cause patients to worry about side-effects. Pharmacists mainly withheld leaflets because the medicine has been taken previously or because leaflet indications differed to prescribed use. A summary leaflet, if available, would be the preferred option for improving leaflet provision. Conclusion: Providing digital medicine information is uncommon in New Zealand. Summarised, relevant information tailored to patient requirements might facilitate the provision of medicines information at the point of care.
Retrospective analysis of cardiac index and lactate production on cardiopulmonary bypass for a congenital cardiac patient population
Authors: Clingan Sean , Reagor James , Lombardi John 
Published: November 2018

Background: Providing adequate metabolic support is the principal concern during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with different strategies utilized to enhance oxygen delivery to the patient. Modifying temperature, hematocrit (Hct) and cardiac index (CI) during CPB are primary techniques which aid in this effort. Based upon surgeon preference, the study institution employs differing perfusion strategies (PS) during congenital cardiac surgery requiring CPB. One method utilizes a 2.4 L/min/m2 CI and nadir Hct of 28% (PS1) and the other a 3.0 L/min/m2 CI with a nadir Hct of 25% (PS2). Methods: Cardiopulmonary bypass cases during which the PS1 or PS2 strategies were applied were retrospectively examined, finding no significant difference in pre-CPB lactate, maximum lactate on CPB or maximum change in lactate on CPB. Results: While the post-CPB lactate was statistically significantly higher in the PS2 group (p=0.024), the magnitude of difference (0.15 mmol/L) was small. Conclusions: This study illustrates that, when oxygen delivery or tissue perfusion is suspected as the primary cause of lactate production during CPB, increasing the CI to a 3.0 rather than a 2.4 CI may be more advantageous than packed red blood cell administration.
Supporting the participation of youth with physical disabilities: Parents' strategies
Authors: Killeen Hazel , Shahin Saeideh , Bedell Gary M , Anaby Dana R 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Little is known about strategies used by parents to explicitly promote the participation in meaningful occupations of transition-age youth. This descriptive study explored the type and scope of parents' strategies to facilitate the participation of youth living with a physical disability. Methods Twenty-two parents of youths (12 to 18 years) with mobility restriction reported strategies used at home, school, and in the community by completing the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth at two time points. Content analysis was conducted. Strategies were extracted and coded, and sub-categories were identified and organised into the three domains (person, occupation, environment) of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance – Engagement. Findings Overall, 241 strategies were reported, of which 130 were distinct. The strategies encompassed all three domains of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance – Engagement, with an emphasis on youths' immediate physical environment and no reference to institutional policies at the macro level. The majority of strategies focused on facilitating youths' participation in the school setting through collaboration, advocacy, and involvement. Conclusion Findings can increase our understanding of the range of actions parents take in supporting participation of transition-age youth. Occupational therapists can build on those strategies and, through family-centred practice, jointly promote youth participation and inclusion.
Testing active choice for screening practitioner’s gender in endoscopy among disinclined women: An online experiment
Authors: Stoffel Sandro T , Hirst Yasemin , Ghanouni Alex , McGregor Lesley M , Kerrison Robert , Verstraete Wouter , Gallagher Ailish , Waller Jo , von Wagner Christian 
Published: November 2018

Objectives A large proportion of women have a preference for a same-gender endoscopy practitioner. We tested how information about practitioner gender affected intention to have bowel scope screening in a sample of women disinclined to have the test. Methods In an online experimental survey, women aged 35–54 living in England who did not intend to participate in bowel scope screening (N = 1060) were randomised to one of four experimental conditions: (1) control (practitioner’s gender is unknown), (2) opposite-gender (male practitioner by default), (3) same gender (female practitioner by default), and (4) active choice (the patient could choose the gender of the practitioner). Intention was measured following the interventions. Results Of 1010 (95.3%) women who completed the survey, most were White-British (83.6%), and working (63.3%). Compared with control, both active choice and same-gender conditions increased intention among disinclined women (9.3% vs. 16.0% and 17.9%; OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.07–3.20 and OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.23–3.50). There were no differences in intention between the opposite-gender and control conditions (9.8% vs. 9.3%; OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.60–1.90) or the active choice and same-gender conditions (16.0% vs. 17.9%: OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.55–1.46, using same gender as baseline). Conclusions Offering disinclined women a same-gender practitioner, either by choice or default, increased subsequent intention, while an opposite gender default did not negatively affect intention. Reducing uncertainty about gender of practitioner could positively affect uptake in women, and should be tested in a randomised controlled trial.
Association of glucagon-to-insulin ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Moh Moh Myint Aung , Jung Chan-Hee , Lee Bora , Choi Dughyun , Kim Bo-Yeon , Kim Chul-Hee , Kang Sung-Koo , Mok Ji-Oh 
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between glucagon-to-insulin ratio and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on ultrasonography in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research design and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained from 172 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to a University hospital of Korea. Participants were assessed for serum fasting and postprandial serum glucagon-to-insulin ratio and divided into tertiles. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was defined as ultrasonographically detected fatty liver. Results: Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly decreased across tertile of fasting and postprandial glucagon-to-insulin ratio ( p = 0.009 for trend, p = 0.001 for trend, respectively). Lower glucagon-to-insulin ratio was significantly associated with the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease even after adjustment for potential confounding variables [fasting glucagon-to-insulin ratio: odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.68 (1.08–6.86)], postprandial glucagon-to-insulin ratio: [2.72 (1.03–7.35)]. The participants in the lowest tertile of fasting glucagon-to-insulin ratio had higher body mass index, visceral fat thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance and shorter duration of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study suggests that lower glucagon relative insulin may be independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Performance of Nonwoven Cellulosic Composites for Automotive Interiors
Authors: Parikh D.V. , Calamari T.A. , Myatt J.C. 
Published: November 2018

Finding methods to provide a quiet passenger compartment in a car are highly sought after by automobile manufacturers. The ability to reduce noise inside the vehicle enhances the perceived value of the vehicle to the consumer and offers a competitive advantage to the manufacturer. Several methods to reduce noise and its sources are employed, one of which reduces noise in the passenger compartment using sound absorbing materials attached to various components such as doors, quarter panels, trunk sides and floors, headliners and others. This study attempts to quantify the characteristics of several cellulosic-based nonwovens to act as efficient absorbers, reducing the overall sound level in the passenger compartment as measured by ASTM C-384 “Impedance and Absorption of Acoustic Materials by the Impedance Tube Method.” The results of testing demonstrate that each of the cellulosic-based nonwoven composites contribute to the absorptive properties of the components and are effective for overall noise reduction in the vehicle. The individual acoustic characteristics of the various vehicles determine the type and amount of material required to provide the best results.
Wet Process Drainage — Effects of White Water Chemistry and Forming Wire Structures
Authors: Dong Daojie 
Published: November 2018

This paper reports the effects of white water characteristics and forming wire parameters on wet process drainage. By employing a recently developed lab tester, the present investigation conducted drainage experiments of long (32 mm) fiberglass in polyacrylamide (PAM)-based white water with a real (commercial) forming fabric in position. The forming wires under investigation cover air permeability from 465 to 715 CFM and drainage index from 9.5 to 22. Drainage experiments show that both PAM concentration and shearing (mixing) effect can strongly affect wet process drainage. So, white water of fixed composition, but with a different mixing history may behave very differently, and an increase in input mixing energy usually results in a substantial increase in drainage. Mat basis weight also strongly influences wet process drainage. Although an increase in basis weight always reduces the rate of drainage regardless of wire structure, its impact is much stronger on the wires with a high air permeability and a low drainage index than the ones with a low air permeability and a high drainage index. Another important finding of this study was that drainage index did not predict the performance of a forming wire, and the main causes were believed to be the fundamental differences between the wet-formed glass mat (WFGM) and papermaking processes. Also, correlation between air permeability and wet process drainage was found very complex: while air permeability may be used as an empirical parameter to predict drainage for light weight mats at low PAM concentrations, however, the higher the web basis weight and the higher the PAM concentration, the more likely it would fail.
Nonwoven Structure Statistics: Simulation of Effects of Fiber Crimp, Flocculation, Density and Orientation
Authors: Scharcanski J. , Dodson C.T.J. , Clarke R. T. 
Published: November 2018

New simulations suggest a universal relationship between the mean number of fibers per zone in a complete sampling scheme and the mean void size, independent of whether the structure is isotropic or anisotropic, contains crimped or straight fibers, randomly laid or flocculated. The mean and standard deviation turn out to be positively correlated for some network parameters, such as mean void size, density, and mean number of fiber contacts. Also, our simulations suggest that fiber crimp has a higher impact on isotropic nonwovens. As crimp is increased, isotropic structures tend to present smaller mean voids, higher mean number of fibers per zone, and higher total number of bonds per fiber, than anisotropic structures.
Case Studies of Air Filtration at Microscales: Micro- and Nanofiber Media
Authors: Mazé Benoît , Tafreshi Hooman V. , Pourdeyhimi Behnam 
Published: November 2018

In this work, 3–D fibrous geometries are developed to resemble the microstructure of spun-bonded and electrospun filters media and used here to simulate their filtration efficiency and pressure drop. For the sake of simplicity, a continuum flow theory was considered to prevail for the case of spun-bonded media (microfiber media) whereas our electrospun media (nanofiber media) were assumed to be in a free molecular flow regime. Our simulations results are in good general agreement with the experimental data. Especially, in predicting media's pressure drop, our results show better predictions when compared to some of the existing models. We also quantitatively demonstrated that by decreasing the fiber diameter, the minimum collection efficiency of the media having identical pressure drops increases. This effect is accompanied by a decrease in the particle diameter associated with these minimum efficiencies – the most penetrating particle diameter. Studying the influence of the gas temperature, we showed that filter's efficiency increases as the gas temperature increases. Conversely, the filter's pressure drop decreases by increasing the gas temperature.
In-Situ X-Ray Characterization of Fiber Structure during Melt Spinning
Authors: Ellison Michael S. , Lopes Paulo E. , Pennington William T. 
Published: November 2018

The properties of a polymer are strongly influenced by its morphology. In the case of fibers from semi-crystalline polymers this consists of the degree of crystallinity, the spacing and alignment of the crystalline regions, and molecular orientation of the polymer chains in the amorphous regions. Information on crystallinity and orientation can be obtained from X-ray analysis. In-situ X-ray characterization of a polymer during the melt spinning process is a major source of information about the effects of material characteristics and processing conditions upon structure evolution along the spinline, and the final structure and properties of the end product. We have recently designed and installed an X-ray system capable of in-situ analysis during polymer melt spinning. To the best of our knowledge this system is unique in its capabilities for the simultaneous detection of wide angle and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS, respectively), its use of a conventional laboratory radiation source, its vertical mobility along the spinline, and its ability to simulate a semi-industrial environment. Setup, operation and demonstration of the capabilities of this system is presented herein as applied to the characterization of the melt spinning of isotactic poly(propylene). Crystallinity and crystalline orientation calculated from WAXS patterns, and lamellar long period calculated from SAXS patterns, were obtained during melt spinning of the polymer along the spinline.
Compressibility Behaviour of Warp Knitted Spacer Fabrics Based on Elastic Curved Bar Theory
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Shamshirsaz Mahnaz , Latifi Masoud , Maroufi Mohammad 
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, the mechanical characterization of 3-D spacer fabrics has attracted the interest of many textile researchers. These Spacer fabrics present special mechanical and physical characteristics compared to conventional textiles due to their wonderful porous 3-D structures. These fabrics, produced by warp knitting method, have extensive application in automobile, locomotive, aerospace, building and other industries. In these applications, the compressibility behaviour plays a significant role in the fabric structural stability. This compressibility behaviour could be affected by different knitting parameters such as density of pile yarn, fabric thickness, texture design etc. The aim of this paper is to introduce and develop an appropriate elastic theoretical model to predict the compressibility behaviour of warp knitted spacer fabric (WKSF). Three theoretical models are proposed, based on modelling pile yarns as the curved bars and are improved in three steps: a) with same curvatures in weft and warp directions (model A), b) curved bar for warp direction and cantilever bar for weft direction (model B), and c) curved bars with two different curvatures in weft and warp directions considering the curvature variations under loading (model C: improved model). The results obtained by the proposed models have been compared with previous model based on simply cantilever bars theory in literature. The results show that the simulation data obtained by the model C are closer to the experimental results comparing to the models A and B. Model C based on different weave parameters could better predict the elastic compressibility behaviour of this kind of WKSF in order to compare with previous models.
Comparison of Conventional Ring, Mechanical Compact and Pneumatic Compact Yarn Spinning Systems
Authors: Altas Sevda , Kadoğlu Hüseyin 
Published: November 2018

This research is a comparative study of the physical properties of mechanical compact and conventional spun yarns and fabrics knitted from these yarns. To experiment the relational behavior, mechanical compact and conventional spun cotton yarns were produced in three different yarn linear densities having three twist levels. In order to examine the effect of spinning systems on fabric properties single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Results showed that, compact spun yarns have less hairiness, higher strength and higher elongation ratio than conventional spun yarns. Also, fabrics produced with compact yarns were found to have less pilling tendency. In the second part of the study, we compared the yarn properties produced with conventional ring, mechanical compact and pneumatic compact spinning systems. Analysis showed that, yarns produced with the pneumatic compact spinning system had the highest strength and the lowest hairiness.
Frictional Behavior of Plain Woven Fabrics Constructed from Polyester and Cotton Yarns in Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Arshi Ali , Jeddi AliAsghar Asgharian , Katbab AliAsghar 
Published: November 2018

Frictional characteristics of woven fabrics can determine smoothness and softness values of the fabric. Moreover different environmental conditions can leads to change the properties of the weaves. In this paper, we studied the effect of temperature and relative humidity variations on the frictional properties of cotton and polyester fabrics. Plain woven fabrics were produced with polyester warp yarn and two different weft yarns (cotton and polyester). Each fabric was examined in various temperatures and relative humilities; then the frictional forces measurement was carried out on the fabrics in warp over warp direction. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the frictional parameters. This difference relates to the type of fiber material (weft yarns), temperature, and relative humidity. In addition, the data reveal that cotton fabrics have more static and kinetic forces than polyester fabrics in all environmental conditions. Moreover, polyester fabrics exposed to a temperature of nearly 45°C and 100% RH, have the maximum smoothness. The highest roughness values for cotton fabrics were under conditions of 45°C and 20% RH.
Effect of Laundering Hydroentangled Cotton Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Sawhney Paul , Reynolds Michael , Allen Chuck , Slopek Ryan , Nam Sunghyun , Condon Brian 
Published: November 2018

To study the effect of household machine laundering on hydroentangled cotton nonwoven developmental fabrics, several sets of such fabrics, uniformly made with cottons of different fiber quality characteristics, were sequentially laundered repeatedly for their performance evaluation after one washing and drying cycle (1 W), 5 W, 10 W, and 20 W, using a standard AATCC method for washing. The control greige fabrics (i.e., before any wash) and their respective versions after the 1 W, 5 W, 10 W and 20 W were examined for their physical and mechanical properties. The laundering results showed that the fabrics, even after 20 wash cycles, had held up unexpectedly well. Nonwovens generally are not considered wash-durable, and more than a third of nonwovens today are used in durable applications that necessarily do not require laundering since most nonwovens inherently are considered “disposable” after one end-use application. At any rate, all the researched fabrics, irrespective of their fiber quality origin, showed a significant drop in tensile strength, mainly after the first wash. The drop was more severe in the machine direction (MD) than in the cross direction (CD). To primarily investigate the cause of the declined fabric tensile strength due to washing, SEM images of the fabrics before and after the washing(s) were studied for any structural deformation. The SEM images clearly showed that the fabrics before the wash had symmetrical, almost uniformly spaced clusters of well-defined fiber entanglements (corresponding to the geometric locations of the orifices in the water jet-strip). After the first wash, those entanglements somewhat appeared to have been considerably “loosened,” disintegrated, and even lost. It seemed that the washing affected the fabric structure mostly in the (hydroentangling) MD. A possible reason for this phenomenon could be the fact that the cotton card used in preparing the native batt for hydroentanglement had aligned and stressed the fibers mostly in the machine direction. The subsequent crosslapping operation to some extent had been altered (randomized), and the fiber orientation in its web output was subjected to the hydroentangling, water jet forces that also stressed the fibers mostly in the MD. Upon washing the hydroentangled fabric in water, the stressed fibers, as expected, somewhat relaxed by releasing some of the stored mechanical energy that originally had held the fibrous structure together by creating strong inter-fiber cohesion or frictional or mechanical bonds. In other words, the washing basically loosened or broke up some of the “mechanical entanglements” and, consequently, their (MD) frictional bonds that had been created by the forceful water jets of the fabric formation process. Research has been planned to stabilize these mechanical bonds by means of special finishing, such as blending cotton with fusible/bonding fibers, resin finishing, and/or even layered fabric-film reinforced composites.