bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation and early evolution of a forearc basin: Georgia Basin, Canada
Authors: Kent Bryan A. P. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Huang Chuqiao , MacEachern James A. , Gibson H. Dan , Cathyl‐Huhn Gwyneth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe lower Nanaimo Group was deposited in the (forearc) Georgia Basin, Canada and records the basin's initiation and early depositional evolution. Nanaimo Group strata are subdivided into 11 lithostratigraphic units, which are identified based on lithology, paleontology, texture and position relative to both the basal nonconformity and to each other. Significant topography on the basal nonconformity, however, has resulted in assignment of lithostratigraphic units that are not time correlative, and hence, cannot reliably be used to accurately reconstruct basin evolution. Herein, we present a sequence stratigraphic framework for lower Nanaimo Group strata in the Comox Sub‐Basin (northern Georgia Basin) that integrates both facies analysis and maximum depositional ages (MDAs) derived from detrital zircon. This stratigraphic framework is used to define significant sub‐basin‐wide surfaces that bound depositional units and record the evolution of the basin during its early stages of development. Seven distinct depositional phases are identified in the lower 700 m of the lower Nanaimo Group. Depositional phases are separated by marine flooding surfaces, regressive surfaces, or disconformities. The overall stratigraphy reflects net transgression manifested as an upwards transition from braided fluvial conglomerates to marine mudstones. Transgression was interrupted by periods of shoreline progradation, and both facies analysis and MDAs reveal a disconformity in the lowermost part of the Nanaimo Group in the Comox Sub‐Basin. Stratigraphic reconstruction of the Comox Sub‐Basin reveals two dominant depocenters (along depositional strike) for coarse clastics (sandstones and conglomerates) during early development of the Georgia Basin. The development and position of these depocenters is attributed to subduction/tectonism driving both subsidence in the north‐northwest and uplift in the central Comox Sub‐Basin. Our work confirms that in its earliest stages of development, the Georgia Basin evolved from an underfilled, ridged forearc basin that experienced slow and stepwise drowning to a shoal‐water ridged forearc basin that experienced rapid subsidence. We also propose that the Georgia Basin is a reasonable analogue for ridged forearc basins globally, as many ridged forearcs record similar depositional histories during their early evolution.
A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treating patients with type 2 diabetes and highly elevated HbA1c levels with basal‐bolus insulin or a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist plus basal insulin: The SIMPLE study
Authors: Abreu Marconi , Tumyan Anna , Elhassan Ahmed , Peicher Katherine , Papacostea Olivia , Dimachkie Perihan , Siddiqui Muhammad S. , Pop Laurentiu M. , Gunasekaran Uma , Meneghini Luigi F. , Adams‐Huet Beverley , Li Xilong , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) plus basal insulin versus basal‐bolus insulin treatment in patients with very uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThe SIMPLE study was a 6‐month pragmatic, randomized, open‐label trial testing the effectiveness of two approaches to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥10%. We randomized patients to detemir plus liraglutide or detemir plus aspart (before each meal). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c; changes in body weight, insulin dose, hypoglycaemia and diabetes‐related quality‐of‐life were secondary outcomes.ResultsWe randomized 120 participants aged 47.4 ± 9.5 years, Hispanic 40%, African American 42%, diabetes duration 10 [25th‐75th percentile (6 to 15)] years, body mass index 37.2 ± 10.3 kg/m2. HbA1c decreased more with GLP1RA plus basal insulin [12.2% (95% CI 11.8% to 12.6%) to 8.1% (95% CI 7.4% to 8.7%)] compared with basal‐bolus insulin [11.8% (95% CI 11.5% to 12.2%) to 8.8% (95% CI 88.1% to 9.55%)]; estimated treatment difference (ETD) of −1.1% (95% CI −2.0% to −0.1%) (non‐inferiority margin 0.4% and P = .0001, superiority P = .026). Compared with basal‐bolus insulin, treatment with GLP1RA plus basal insulin led to a body weight ETD of −3.7 kg (95% CI −5.8 to −1.5; P = .001), fewer patients experiencing hypoglycaemia [66.1% vs 35.2% (P = .002)], and greater improvements in general/current health perception, treatment satisfaction, and fear of hypoglycaemia, while taking a lower total daily dose of insulin [estimated treatment ratio 0.68 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.84)].ConclusionsIn patients with HbA1c ≥10% treatment with GLP1RA plus basal insulin, compared with basal‐bolus insulin, resulted in better glycaemic control and body weight, lower insulin dosage and hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. This treatment strategy is an effective and safe alternative to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen.
A pre‐specified statistical analysis plan for the VERIFY study: Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM
Authors: Matthews David R. , Paldánius Päivi M. , Stumvoll Michael , Han Jackie , Bader Giovanni , Chiang YannTong , Proot Pieter , Del Prato Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo ensure the integrity of the planned analyses and maximize the clinical utility of the VERIFY study results by describing the detailed concepts behind its statistical analysis plan (SAP) before completion of data collection and study database lock. The SAP will be adhered to for the final primary data analysis of the VERIFY trial.Materials and MethodsVildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM (VERIFY) is an ongoing, multicentre, randomized controlled trial aiming to demonstrate the clinical benefits of glycaemic durability and glucose control achieved with an early combination therapy in newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.ResultsThe SAP was initially designed at the study protocol conception phase and later modified, as reported here, in collaboration between the steering committee members, statisticians, and the VERIFY study leadership team. All authors were blinded to treatment allocation. An independent statistician has additionally retrieved and presented unblinded data to the independent data safety monitoring committee. An overview of the trial design with a focus on describing the fine‐tuning of the analysis plan for the primary efficacy endpoint, risk of initial treatment failure, and secondary, exploratory and pre‐specified subgroup analyses is provided here.ConclusionAccording to optimal trial practice, the details of the statistical analysis and data‐handling plan prior to locking the database are reported here. The SAP accords with high‐quality standards of internal validity to minimize analysis bias and will enhance the utility of the reported results for improved outcomes in the management of T2DM.
Signatures of adaptive divergence among populations of an avian species of conservation concern
Authors: Zimmerman Shawna J. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Oh Kevin P. , Cornman Robert S. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic underpinning of adaptive divergence among populations is a key goal of evolutionary biology and conservation. Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a sagebrush obligate species with a constricted range consisting of seven discrete populations, each with distinctly different habitat and climatic conditions. Though geographically close, populations have low levels of natural gene flow resulting in relatively high levels of differentiation. Here, we use 15,033 SNP loci in genomic outlier analyses, genotype–environment association analyses, and gene ontology enrichment tests to examine patterns of putatively adaptive genetic differentiation in an avian species of conservation concern. We found 411 loci within 5 kbp of 289 putative genes associated with biological functions or pathways that were overrepresented in the assemblage of outlier SNPs. The identified gene set was enriched for cytochrome P450 gene family members (CYP4V2, CYP2R1, CYP2C23B, CYP4B1) and could impact metabolism of plant secondary metabolites, a critical challenge for sagebrush obligates. Additionally, the gene set was also enriched with members potentially involved in antiviral response (DEAD box helicase gene family and SETX). Our results provide a first look at local adaption for isolated populations of a single species and suggest adaptive divergence in multiple metabolic and biochemical pathways may be occurring. This information can be useful in managing this species of conservation concern, for example, to identify unique populations to conserve, avoid translocation or release of individuals that may swamp locally adapted genetic diversity, or guide habitat restoration efforts.
Emigration of hatchery‐reared Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson), through a Missouri River dam
Authors: Pierce Landon L. , Shuman Dane A. , James Daniel A. , Steffensen Kirk D. , Wilson Ryan , Winders Kyle , McDaniel Adam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe middle Missouri River (MMR; Fort Randall Dam, SD to Gavins Point Dam, NE‐SD) is stocked with hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson), from upper Missouri River broodstock to aid recovery of this federally endangered species. Emigration of these fish through Gavins Point Dam restores genetic connectivity that likely existed pre‐impoundment but could lead to outbreeding depression in the future. Recapture data of hatchery‐reared pallid sturgeon stocked in the MMR were evaluated to improve understanding of pallid sturgeon emigration. From 2004 to 2015, 219 emigrants were caught: 4 stocked at age ≥2 years and 215 stocked at age ≤1 year. Emigration of the 2001‐2007 year classes stocked at age 1 was a consistent phenomenon and appeared higher than emigration of year classes stocked at ages 2–3. Little evidence suggested emigration was associated with an unusually high‐water event in 2011. The annual emigration probability of individuals stocked at age 1 estimated from multi‐state mark–recapture models was 0.05 [95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.06] for fish ages ≥1 year. This study suggests that alterations to stocking practices (e.g. stocking age) may affect emigration rates and, therefore, connectivity among pallid sturgeon populations.
Functional training in postmenopause: Cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters, a randomized trial
Authors: Rezende Barbosa Marianne PC , Vanderlei Luiz CM , Neves Lucas M , Takahashi Carolina , Torquato Paula RS , Silva Anne KF , Freitas Júnior Ismael F , Sorpreso Isabel CE , Abreu Luiz C , Pérez‐Riera Andrés R 
Published: May 2019

AimTo evaluate the influence of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 39 apparently healthy postmenopausal women were randomized into two groups and analyzed: the group that carried out the functional training (FTG; n = 19; age 60 ± 4.5 years; weight 67.64 ± 11.64 kg) for 18 weeks, and the control group (CG) who did not undergo the training (n = 20; age 58.45 ± 4.8 years; weight 66.91 ± 13.24 kg). Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and autonomic modulation trough heart rate variability were evaluated. The Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney test were used to compare the differences (P < 0.05).ResultsThe results obtained from the training showed improvement of the following cardiac parameters in the FTG: systolic blood pressure (CG −5.50 ± 12.76 vs FTG −18.36 ± 18.05, P = 0.021), diastolic blood pressure (CG 5.00 ± 20.13 vs FTG −9.47 ± 10.25, P = 0.002), heart rate (CG 7.00 ± 9.79 vs FTG −4.73 ± 8.41, P = 0.000), root mean square of the successive differences index (CG −0.18 ± 5.66 vs FTG 5.10 ± 11.93, P = 0.035) and RR intervals (CG –22.66 ± 75.75 vs FTG 70.17 ± 104.30, P = 0.003).ConclusionFunctional training promoted beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters in postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 823–828.
The movement responses of three libellulid dragonfly species to open and closed landscape cover
Authors: French Sarah K. , McCauley Shannon J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe land cover between habitats (i.e. matrix environment) can affect connectivity by impacting organismal movement. Many animals, however, have preferences for specific matrix environments, which can affect their movement through the landscape.We examined how different terrestrial matrix environments impacted the fine‐scale movement of adult dragonflies. Based on previous studies of adult dragonfly dispersal and larval distributions, we hypothesised that dragonflies would prefer to enter fields rather than forests and that forests would be a barrier to dragonfly movement, due to forests’ structural complexity, low understory light availability, and lower air temperatures.To test how adult dragonflies responded to various terrestrial environments, we released 108Leucorrhinia intacta, a mixture of 108Sympetrum rubicundulumandobtrusum/rubicundulumhybrids, and 108Sympetrum vicinum, at field‐forest ecotones and assessed their preferences for fields or forests. Individual behavioural responses were recorded, including their probability of taking flight, their direction of movement with respect to the two matrix types, and flight time.The likelihood of adult dragonflies taking flight was species‐specific in response to release location. Adults moved more frequently towards fields than forests when released at a forest edge. Individuals released within forests had shorter flight times, but again this response was species‐specific.The presence of an open matrix (field or meadow) is likely important for facilitating movement in dragonflies; however, forests are not movement barriers for all dragonfly species. Integrating assays of matrix and habitat preferences can provide insight into how landscape connectivity can be maintained for actively dispersing species.
Melasma and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kheradmand Motahhareh , Afshari Mahdi , Damiani Giovanni , Abediankenari Saeid , Moosazadeh Mahmood 
Published: May 2019

AbstractsBackgroundThyroid hormones may play a key role in melasma; however, melasma link with thyroid disorders remains controversial.ObjectivesTo compare the serum levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), T4, T3, anti‐thyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO), and antithyroglobulin between patients with melasma and control group using meta‐analysis.MethodsWe screened 10 databanks and search engines, searched mesh and nonmesh terms. The identified evidences were reviewed and quality assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). The heterogeneity between the primary results was investigated using Cochrane andI‐square indices. Random effect model was applied to combine the standardized mean differences of thyroid function indicators between patients with and without melasma.Pvalues meta‐analysis was used to investigate the association between anti‐TPO and melasma.ResultsWe included seven studies, 473 cases, and 379 controls that had been investigated. The total standardized mean differences (95% confidence intervals) of TSH, T3, T4, and antithyroglobulin antibody between cases and controls were estimated to be 0.33 (0.18, 0.47), −0.01 (−0.20, 0.19), −1.50 (−2.96, −0.04), and 0.62 (0.14, 1.11), respectively. The corresponding figures among women were 0.35 (0.17, 0.52), 0.10 (−0.17, 0.38), −2.75 (−6.30, 0.81), and 0.99 (0.14, 1.83), respectively.Pvalue of meta‐analysis showed a significant relationship between anti‐TPO serum level and melasma (Fisher = 26.80,P = 0.020).ConclusionSerum levels of TSH, anti‐TPO, and antithyroglobulin antibody were significantly higher in patients with melasma than those without melasma. Moreover, these differences were more severe among women with melasma.
Evaluation of the practice of dose-rounding in paediatrics
Authors: Rashed Asia N , Tomlin Stephen , Arenas-López Sara , Cavell Gillian , Whittlesea Cate 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the rounding of prescribed drug doses for paediatric administration.

Methods
A cross-sectional medication chart review was conducted at a UK paediatric hospital. Proposed administration dose volumes were calculated for prescribed doses using available manufactured liquids measured with oral and intravenous syringes. Resulting percentage deviations in doses administered were calculated.

Results
Of 2031 doses observed, 524 (25.8%) required rounding. The majority of which were for children aged 1–12 months. Twenty-seven rounded doses deviated from the prescribed dose by more than 10%.

Conclusion
This study highlights the impact of dose-rounding in paediatrics and the need for standardisation.
Angiogenesis in bladder tissues is strongly correlated with urinary frequency and bladder pain in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Furuta Akira , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Igarashi Taro , Koike Yusuke , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the correlation among bladder inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and urothelial denudation in biopsied bladder specimens, and O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes and visual analog scale pain scores in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with or without Hunner lesions (Hunner type interstitial cystitis or non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis).MethodsBladder biopsied tissues were collected from 12 Hunner type interstitial cystitis female patients, 12 non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis female patients and 12 age‐matched non‐interstitial cystitis female patients (controls). Immunohistochemical stainings of tissue necrotic factor‐α, mast cell tryptase, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β, SLUG associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and E‐cadherin as well as Masson trichrome staining were evaluated. The significant correlation between the expression of tissue necrotic factor‐α, mast cell tryptase, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β, collagen, SLUG or E‐cadherin, and O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes or visual analog scale pain scores was then examined.ResultsThe expression of tissue necrotic factor‐α, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, transforming growth factor‐β and SLUG was significantly increased in non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis and Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls whereas the significant increases in the expression of mast cell tryptase and collagen were observed in Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls and non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients. On the other hand, the expression of E‐cadherin was significantly decreased in Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients compared with controls and non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis patients. In addition, the increased expression of CD31 in bladder tissues was strongly correlated with O'Leary‐Sant symptom indexes, O'Leary‐Sant problem indexes and visual analog scale pain scores.ConclusionsThese results suggest that bladder angiogenesis evident as the increased expression of CD31 is strongly correlated with urinary frequency and bladder pain in patients with non‐Hunner type interstitial cystitis and Hunner type interstitial cystitis.
Gamers, Surfers, Social Media Users: Unpacking the role of interest in English
Authors: Brevik Lisbeth M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcross stages of acquisition, second language (L2) competencies are contingent on the variation among individuals learning the language, in both informal and formal learning contexts. This study investigates a group of outliers whose extreme test scores serve as a foundation to examine them as individuals. The study addresses the outliers' characteristics as good L2 readers but poor first language (L1) readers. Combining quantitative (test results, survey, and language logs) and qualitative (focus groups and interviews) data among 21 adolescents in Norway (aged 16–17 years), the study identifies dimensions of individual language use in L1 Norwegian and L2 English. Findings revealed that they explained their English proficiency by the role of interest and their extensive use of English technology and tools outside school. In‐depth analysis identified three profiles: the Gamer, who spends up to 8 hr daily playing online games while using English mainly; the Surfer, who spends hours on the Internet, searching for authentic language situations, commonly involving English; and the Social Media User, who produces and consumes information in English through social media. Additionally, the Gamers read printed novels voluntarily outside the classroom. This study offers unique perspectives and new directions for future L2 research.
Role of microRNA‐155 in modifying neuroinflammation and γ‐aminobutyric acid transporters in specific central regions after post‐ischaemic seizures
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Wang Luping , Pang Xiaochuan , Zhang Jian , Guan Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the central nervous system, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α have a regulatory role in pathophysiological processes of epilepsy. In addition, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter type 1 and type 3 (GAT‐1 and GAT‐3) modulate the levels of extracellular GABA in involvement in the neuroinflammation on epileptogenesis. Thus, in the current report we examined the effects of inhibiting microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) on the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and expression of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala of rats with nonconvulsive seizure (NCS) following cerebral ischaemia. Real time RT‐PCR, ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to examine the miR‐155, proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) and GAT‐1/GAT‐3 respectively. With induction of NCS, the levels of miR‐155 were amplified in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala and this was accompanied with increases of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. In those central areas, expression of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 was upregulated; and GABA was reduced in rats following NCS. Intracerebroventricular infusion of miR‐155 inhibitor attenuated the elevation of PICs, amplification of GAT‐1 and GAT‐3 and impairment of GABA. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐155 decreased the number of NCS events following cerebral ischaemia. Inhibition of miR‐155 further improved post‐ischaemia‐evoked NCS by altering neuroinflammation‐GABA signal pathways in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Results suggest the role of miR‐155 in regulating post‐ischaemic seizures via PICs‐GABA mechanisms.