bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing rates of SSA/P detection in a large open-access Australian colonoscopy cohort
Authors: Nalankilli Kumanan , Huynh Xuan , Lade Stephen , Stephens Mark , Hewett Robert , Moss Alan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims There are limited longitudinal data regarding detection rates for sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSADR) and right-sided hyperplastic polyps (RHPDR) that constitute the proximal serrated lesion detection rate (PSLDR). Recently, a minimum PSLDR of 4.5 % has been suggested. This study was designed to assess SSADR, PSLDR and adenoma detection rate (ADR) for a newly qualified gastroenterologist and compare them to published data and to assess the change in SSADR, PSLDR and ADR over time for potential improvement with experience.
Patients and methods All colonoscopies performed by a single colonoscopist (AM), at one Australian ambulatory direct-access endoscopy center over 4 years from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Histology was reported by a single expert pathologist (SL). ADR, SSADR, RHPDR and PSLDR were recorded.
Results A total of 841 colonoscopies were performed on 637 patients. Of them, 454 (54 %) were males. Mean age was 59 years. Of the colonoscopies, 87 % were performed for patients with ASA scores of 1 – 2, 422 (50.2 %) were for screening or surveillance, 374 (44.5 %) for investigation of symptoms and 45 (5.4 %) had therapeutic indications. Conventional adenomas were detected in 346 colonoscopies (ADR = 41.1 %), SSA/P in 124 (SSADR = 14.7 %) and RHP in the absence of SSA/P in 35 (RHPDR = 4.2 %). PSLDR was 18.9 %. ADR was stable over time (range 33 %-50 %). SSADR and PSLDR increased over time [SSADR: 8.6 % (2011), 8.4 % (2012), 14.9 % (2013), 18.5 % (2014), 25.0 % (2015); PSLDR: 10.5 % (2011), 11.3 % (2012), 16.8 % (2013), 27.2 % (2014), 29.4 % (2015)]. There was a statistically significant improvement in SSADR (IRR 1.37) and PSLDR (IRR 1.36) over the study period (P < 0.001), whereas the ADR remained stable (IRR 1.04, P = 0.334).
Conclusions SSADR and PSLDR in this unselected direct-access cohort are high and exceed previously reported detection rates in the final 2 years. Detection rates improved with experience, likely representing a learning effect. The minimum expected PSLDR may need to be revised upwards and further studies are required, particularly in areas where screening colonoscopies are offered only for patients with increased colorectal cancer risk (family history or fecal immunochemical test-positive).
Anti-Aging und Hormone
Authors: Krug Marianne 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungAlterskrankheiten und Gebrechlichkeit sind die Geiseln einer zunehmend älter
werdenden Bevölkerung. Die klare Assoziation mit den abfallenden Hormonen im
Alter, hier insbesondere die anabolen Hormone, lenkt den Ausblick auf eine
Altersprävention durch Ersatz der fehlenden Hormone. Stets sind bei der
Gesundheit des älteren Mannes und der älteren Frau gemischte Effekte aus DHEA-,
Testosteron- und Wachstumshormonmangel zu berücksichtigen. Ihr Ersatz bringt
synergistische Effekte über eine Einzelsubstitution hinaus. Die gemeinsame
Substitution mit physiologischen Hormonen ist einfach und risikoarm. Durch
Einordnung des Konzepts der multiplen hormonellen Dysfunktion in die
Erfahrungsheilkunde kann die symptomorientierte klassische Medizin wertvoll
ergänzt werden.
Whole-Body [18F]-FDG-PET/MRI for Oncology: A Consensus Recommendation
Authors: Umutlu Lale , Beyer Thomas , Grueneisen Johannes , Rischpler Christoph , Quick Harald , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Eiber Matthias , Purz Sandra , Antoch Gerald , Gatidis Sergios , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schaefer Jürgen , Rausch Ivo , Herrmann Ken ,   Vorstand der Interdisziplinären AG für Hybride Bildgebung in alphabetischer Reihenfolge:,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) in alphabetischer Reihenfolge:
Published: February 2019

Combined PET/MR imaging (PET/MRI) was proposed for patient management in 2006 with first commercial versions of integrated whole-body systems becoming available as of 2010. PET/MRI followed the prior evolution of hybrid imaging as attested by the successful adoption of combined PET/CT and SPECT/CT since the early 2000 s. Today, around 150 whole-body PET/MRI systems have become operational worldwide. One of the main application fields of PET/MRI is oncologic imaging. Despite the increasing use of PET/MRI, little governance regarding standardized PET/MRI protocols has been provided to date. Standardization and harmonization of imaging protocols is, however, mandatory for efficient on-site patient management and multi-center studies. This document summarizes consensus recommendations on key aspects of patient referral and preparation, PET/MRI workflow and imaging protocols, as well as reporting strategies for whole-body [18F]-FDG-PET/MRI. These recommendations were created by early adopters and key experts in the field of PET, MRI and PET/MRI. This document is intended to provide guidance for the harmonization and standardization of PET/MRI today and to support wider clinical adoption of this imaging modality for the benefit of patients.
Citation Format
Rückblick auf 50 Jahre Steintherapie
Authors: Knoll Thomas , Alken Peter 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Urolithiasis ist das Brot-und-Butter-Geschäft des Urologen. Kaum eine urologische Praxis oder Klinik kann auf die Therapie von Harnsteinen verzichten. Dieser Artikel stellt die Entwicklungen der letzten 50 Jahre auf dem Gebiet der Urolithiasis dar. In der bildgebenden Diagnostik hat sich die Computertomografie gegenüber der konventionellen Röntgenbildgebung durchgesetzt. Konservative Therapien wie die „medical expulsive therapy“ (MET) hatten sich etabliert, sind aber zuletzt wieder in die Diskussion geraten. Die größten Fortschritte hat in den letzten 50 Jahren sicherlich die interventionelle Therapie gezeigt. War in den 70er-Jahren noch die offene Steinchirurgie der Therapiestandard, so hat sich diese bis heute vollständig zu Minimal-Invasivität gewandelt. Die Entwicklung der perkutanen Nephrolithotomie (PCNL), dann der extrakorporalen Stoßwellenlithotripsie (ESWL) und schließlich der Ureterrenoskopie (URS) ermöglichen heute individualisierte Therapiekonzepte, wobei die URS sicherlich das am häufigsten eingesetzte Verfahren ist. Wünschenswert sind die gleichen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Steinmetabolik und -prävention, wo die diagnostischen Verfahren und Therapieempfehlungen keine wirkliche Entwicklung gezeigt haben.
Endoscopist’s occupational dose evaluation related to correct wearing of dosimeter during X-ray-guided procedures
Authors: Gerasia Roberta , Ligresti Dario , Cipolletta Fabio , Granata Antonino , Tarantino Ilaria , Barresi Luca , Amata Michele , Benenati Sabrina , Gallo Giuseppe , Tafaro Corrado , Miraglia Roberto , Traina Mario 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Since endoscopists performing procedures in the endoscopy suite can change their position by turning their back, side or front toward the X-ray source, this study aimed to establish whether dosimeter position affects the correct evaluation of an endoscopist’s personal radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures.
Materials and methods Between January and February 2018, two dosimeters specularly placed outside the lead apron (anterior one on the chest and posterior one on the back) measured endoscopists’ personal dose equivalent (Hp) during 62 X-ray-guided procedures on adult and pediatric patients. Procedures were divided into three groups considering the position taken by the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source. For each group, the difference between mean Hp from the anterior and posterior dosimeters was calculated.
Results A statistically significant difference in mean Hp was recorded for the endoscopists’ frontal and back positions (P = 0.014, and P < 0.00001, respectively). No significant difference was found in mean Hp for the side position (P = 0.489).
Conclusions The position of personal dosimeters affects the correct evaluation of endoscopists’ radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures when frontal and back positions were recorded. To correctly evaluate radiation doses, the whole-body dosimeter should be worn according to the position of the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source; otherwise, it results in an incorrect personal dose evaluation, which may lead to substantial underestimation of staff exposure.
Homöopathie bei demenziellen Erkrankungen
Authors: Teut Michael 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven Fallsammlung zur Behandlung von Patienten mit
Demenz wird vorgestellt. Die häufigsten Arzneimittel in der Behandlung waren
Hyoscyamus niger und Opium, neben anderen.
Syphilis in Pregnancy: The Reality in a Public Hospital
Authors: Torres Rafael Garcia , Mendonça Ana Laura Neves , Montes Grazielle Cezarine , Manzan Jacqueline Jácome , Ribeiro João Ulisses , Paschoini Marina Carvalho 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The present study assessed epidemiological and obstetrical data from pregnant women with syphilis at the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM, in the Portuguese acronym), describing this disease during pregnancy and its vertical transmission for future healthcare actions.
Methods: Records from pregnant women who had been admitted to the Obstetrics Department of the Hospital de Clínicas of the UFTM and were diagnosed with syphilis between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. A standardized form was used to collect epidemiological, obstetric data and outcomes of congenital infection. The present research has been authorized by the Ethics Committee of the institution.
Results: There were 268 women diagnosed with syphilis, with an average age of 23.6 years old. The majority of the patients were from Uberaba. Inadequate prenatal care was observed in 37.9% of the pregnant women. Only 34.2% of the patients completed the treatment according to the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, and 19.8% of the partners of the patients underwent adequate syphilis treatment; 37 (13.8%) couples (patients and partners) underwent correct treatment. Regarding the obstetric outcomes, 4 (1.5%) patients had a miscarriage and 8 (3.4%) had fetal losses (from the fetal loss group, 7 had no adequate treatment); 61 (25.9%) patients had premature births – this prematurity has been significantly correlated to inadequate or incomplete treatment in 49 (27.9%) patients, compared with 12 (13.0%) patients with premature births and adequate treatment (p = 0.006). The average live newborn weight was 2,840 g; 25.3% had a birth weight < 2,500 g; 74.2% had congenital syphilis, a data with heavy correlation to inadequate or incomplete prenatal care, prematurity, and low birth weight.
Conclusion: Public awareness policies on adequate prenatal care, intensification of serological screening, and early treatment of syphilis are needed, considering the rise of cases diagnosed during gestation and its potentially preventable deleterious consequences related to congenital transmission.
Achieving Baby-Friendly Designation at a Large Metropolitan Center
Authors: Bruney Talitha , Campbell Deborah , Iyare Abieyuwa 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study aimed to describe the journey of obtaining Baby-Friendly designation as a large metropolitan center in an urban city and review the initial patient-related outcomes.
Study Design Our medical center participated in the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Breastfeeding Hospital Collaborative from 2012 to 2017. Monthly meetings were held to monitor data, and audits conducted among prenatal sites and maternity units. This hospital collaborative was established to help facilities through the designation process.
Results Breastfeeding education in the prenatal setting was provided consistently at all outpatient sites. By 2017, 89.8% of patients had received appropriate education and support during their prenatal visits. There was a shift in feeding pattern from mostly formula feeding with some breastfeeding to primarily breastfeeding with fewer formula feeds. Baby-Friendly designation was achieved in June 2017 after a formal Baby-Friendly USA assessment.
Conclusion Since embarking on this journey, there has been a consistent increase in antenatal patient education and a paradigm shift from some breastfeeding to mostly breastfeeding among the mother–baby dyads which combination feed. Our hospital center has continued to successfully maintain the workflow changes implemented during the Baby-Friendly process.
OAS-RNase L innate immune pathway mediates the cytotoxicity of a DNA-demethylating drug
Authors: Banerjee Shuvojit , Gusho Elona , Gaughan Christina , Dong Beihua , Gu Xiaorong , Holvey-Bates Elise , Talukdar Manisha , Li Yize , Weiss Susan R. , Sicheri Frank , Saunthararajah Yogen , Stark George R. , Silverman Robert H. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Drugs that cause epigenetic modification of DNA, such as 5-azacytidine (AZA), are used clinically to treat myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, AZA is being investigated for use against a range of different types of solid tumors, including lung and colorectal cancers. Treatment with AZA causes demethylation of DNA, thus increasing RNA synthesis, including the synthesis of double-stranded RNA, which is otherwise produced in virus-infected cells. We determined that cell death in response to AZA requires the antiviral enzyme RNase L. The results identify a drug target for enhancing the anticancer activity and reducing the toxicity of AZA and related drugs.
Par3 is essential for the establishment of planar cell polarity of inner ear hair cells
Authors: Landin Malt Andre , Dailey Zachary , Holbrook-Rasmussen Julia , Zheng Yuqiong , Hogan Arielle , Du Quansheng , Lu Xiaowei 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling coordinates cell polarization along an axis orthogonal to its apical–basal axis and is essential for both tissue development and function. In inner ear sensory epithelia, intercellular and cell-intrinsic PCP signaling controls the orientation and V shape of hair bundles atop sensory hair cells essential for hearing. Here we demonstrate that the conserved PDZ-domain scaffold protein Par3 plays an essential role in establishing PCP of sensory hair cells. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that Par3 has both cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous functions in kinocilium positioning and hair bundle orientation. Mechanistically, Par3 interacts with and regulates localization of Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors Tiam1 and Trio to activate Rac GTPases, thereby mediating both intercellular and cell-intrinsic PCP signaling.
Deliberately misleading or unintentionally ambiguous?
Authors: Prażmo Ewelina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the use of deliberately misleading or unintentionally misinformative phrases related to the so called “Polish concentration camp” issue. This problem has been gaining increasing attention in the Polish media and political sphere. In the article I present the background of the problem including the current legal situation, as well as a linguistic analysis of a selection of problematic collocations. I attempt to maintain an objective stance and refrain from passing any emotional judgement on the issue, providing, at the same time, an in-depth analysis of the linguistic data. I frame the present paper within the cognitive linguistics methodology. I combineGilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner’s (2002)Conceptual Integration TheorywithKerstin Norén and Per Linell’s (2007)concept ofmeaning potentialsin order to account for the emergent and modifiable nature of meanings of complex expressions.
The dialects of control and connection in the study abroad homestay
Authors: Kinginger Celeste , Lee Sheng-Hsun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs in every conversation, negotiation for control and connection is at the heart of communication in the study abroad homestay. Finding a comfortable footing on the control-and-connection continua (i.e., closeness versus distance, and hierarchy versus equality) is both a product and a process of language learning in the homestay. Drawing on interviews of all parties and recordings of homestay interactions, we present the dialectical interplay of control and connection through analysis of conversational narratives recounted at Chinese homestay dinner tables. We recruitWertsch’s (1998)notion of mediated action to show how stories, as cultural tools, were employed by the hosts and students to construct moral injunctions and to cultivate closeness through mutual caring (guānxīn), affective gratification (qièyì), and attentiveness (tiēxīn). Findings of the study challenge assumptions about homestay communication as a power struggle only and underscore the importance of teaching students to appreciate the value of interpersonal exchange in homestay settings.
Variables affecting the maintenance of L2 proficiency and fluency four years post-study abroad
Authors: Huensch Amanda , Tracy-Ventura Nicole , Bridges Judith , Cuesta Medina Jhon A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study explored the attrition / maintenance of second language (L2) proficiency by examining longitudinally the oral skills of a group of L2 French and L2 Spanish participants (n = 33) four years after study abroad, and three years after completing an undergraduate degree in languages. Multiple regressions were conducted to determine the extent to which language contact / use and attained proficiency at the end of study abroad could predict changes in fluency and oral proficiency. Results demonstrated that those variables that improved significantly during study abroad (e.g., speech rate) were maintained four years later. The amount of target language contact / use played a role in maintenance of aspects of fluency such as speech rate and frequency of silent pauses, whereas proficiency attained at the end of study abroad played a role in the use of corrections. Both language contact / use and proficiency attained are important variables in the long-term maintenance of overall proficiency.
“Seriously, I came here to study English”
Authors: Kimura Daisuke 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
While English plays a prominent role in universities across the globe, study abroad research has rarely considered
English learning in non-Anglophone countries. This article presents a narrative case study of the experience of a Japanese
exchange student in Thailand whose primary purpose for study abroad was to improve his English. Grounded in the notion of
Individual Networks of Practice (Zappa-Hollman & Duff, 2015), the qualitative
analysis will focus on the participant’s evolving social networks and reported communication practices as mediated through
available subject positions and varying degrees of investment. Particularly, findings reveal the dissonance between his investment
in native speaker English and the reality of using English as a lingua franca, which decidedly influenced the student’s
(non-)participation in certain social groups and practices. Casting fresh light on globalization and language learning, the study
offers a unique contribution to the study abroad literature and suggests avenues for further research and education.
Superrational types
Authors: Tohmé Fernando A , Viglizzo Ignacio D 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a formal analysis of Douglas Hofstadter’s concept of superrationality. We start by defining superrationally justifiable actions, and study them in symmetric games. We then model the beliefs of the players, in a way that leads them to different choices than the usual assumption of rationality by restricting the range of conceivable choices. These beliefs are captured in the formal notion of type drawn from epistemic game theory. The theory of coalgebras is used to frame type spaces and to account for the existence of some of them. We find conditions that guarantee superrational outcomes.
Evaluation of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Susceptibility to λ-Cyhalothrin, Malathion, and Diazinon in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Berenji Fariba , Moshaverinia Ali , Jadidoleslami Abbas , Shamsian Aliakbar , Doggett Stephen L , Moghaddas Elham 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Linnaeus 1758), is a nocturnal blood-sucking ectoparasite of humans that is highly prevalent in the northeast of Iran. In recent years, the efficacy of those insecticides that have been frequently used to control bed bugs in Iran has not been studied. Due to frequent complaints about bed bug treatment failures in Mashhad city (northeastern Iran), this study assessed the susceptibility of C. lectularius collected from a student residence hall to Diazinon, Malathion, and λ-cyhalothrin. The desired concentrations of each insecticide were prepared in acetone, and bioassays were performed using insecticide-impregnated filter paper method. The concentration–response data were subjected to POLO-PC software and data were analyzed by the log-probit procedure. The LC50 values of Diazinon and λ-cyhalothrin for examined bed bugs were 1,337.40 and 2,022.36 ppm, respectively. Malathion at the highest concentration (10,000 ppm) did not exhibit any toxicity to examined C. lectularius. Comparing these results to the same previous studies showed that susceptibility of examined bed bugs to these insecticides has been highly decreased. This study revealed an occurrence of insecticide resistance in bed bug populations in northeastern Iran. It also suggests that Malathion, Diazinon, and λ-cyhalothrin are ineffective against bed bugs in this region.
Model independent expansion history from supernovae: Cosmology versus systematics
Authors: L’Huillier Benjamin , Shafieloo Arman , Linder Eric V , Kim Alex G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We examine the Pantheon supernovae distance data compilation in a model independent analysis to test the validity of cosmic history reconstructions beyond the concordance ΛCDM cosmology. Strong deviations are allowed by the data at z ≳ 1 in the reconstructed Hubble parameter, Om diagnostic, and dark energy equation of state. We explore three interpretations: 1) possibility of the true cosmology being far from ΛCDM, 2) supernovae property evolution, and 3) survey selection effects. The strong (and theoretically problematic) deviations at z ≳ 1 vanish and good consistency with ΛCDM is found with a simple Malmquist-like linear correction. The adjusted data is robust against the model independent iterative smoothing reconstruction. However, we caution that while by eye the original deviation from ΛCDM is striking, χ2 tests do not show the extra linear correction parameter is statistically significant, and a model-independent Gaussian Process regression does not find significant evidence for the need for correction at high-redshifts.