bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheduled care – as a way of caring. A phenomenological study of being cared for when suffering from alcohol use disorders
Authors: Bové Hanne Mørkenborg 
Published: May 2019

Excessive alcohol consumption is health damaging and is also recognized as one of the major avoidable health risk factors. Alcohol use disorders are classified among one of the most harmful, debilitating disease categories and patients are frequent visitors in the emergency departments. The meeting between patient and healthcarer is considered contradictory and characterized by dilemmas and arbitrariness. Furthermore, this patient group differs from the regular patient. They are often characterized by very complex health pictures and chaotic social problems spawned by turbulent lifestyles. However, the experience of a hospitalization from a patient perspective is sparsely documented in a scientific context. The aim of this study was to elucidate the lived experience of how patients with alcohol use disorders experience being cared for when admitted to acute medical units.
The data set consists of 15 in-depth interviews with patients suffering from alcohol use disorders admitted to an acute medical unit. The study is anchored in the phenomenological philosophy and the methodology applied is a descriptive phenomenological method as defined by Dahlberg. The intention is to identify and understand the essences, patterns, and structures of the lived experience of being cared for when hospitalized and suffering from alcohol use disorders. Data has been analysed according to the guidelines in Reflective Lifeworld Research, given by Dahlberg.
Being cared for was experienced as a two-staged process that changed throughout the hospitalization from an experience of scheduled care experienced as caring to an experience of scheduled care experienced as non-caring. Four constituents further described the variable experiences: being in a safe haven, sharing a tacit but mutual goal, being in a chaotic space, and being on your own.
The study showed that patients suffering from alcohol use disorders call for an intentional and distinctive attentiveness from the carers throughout their hospitalization. Being both seen and met in an authentic presence by carers was a powerful tool that helped ease the hospitalization. Likewise the absence of the authentic presence during the second stage may have hindered the carers notice and respond to a transfer of attention within the patients, and thus adapting the care provided.
Characteristics of citizens with repeated calls within 48 hours to the Medical helpline 1813
Authors: Blakø Mitti 
Published: May 2019

Background: In the Capital Region of Denmark, the Medical helpline 1813 is integrated in the Emergency Medical Services, where citizens are triaged to receive face-to-face consultation (e.g. emergency department) or telephone consultation. Approximately 4,0 % of the calls received are repeated calls < 48 hours, representing citizens with progression in symptoms or an unmet need for help during the initial call, witch potentially may lead to delay in triage to face-to-face consultation, examination and treatment. We aimed to identify differences in sociodemographic and health related characteristics between citizens performing single calls compared to citizens performing repeated calls < 48 hours.
Methods: The authors used data from the prospective observational Degree-of-worry study, conducted from the Medical Helpline 1813 from 18 January - 9 February 2017, including citizens performing single calls (n=11.131) and citizens performing repeated calls (n=464), defined by < 48 hours between calls. Information on callers were collected from the Medical Helpline electronic records, Statistic Denmark Registers and the National Patient Register. Self-reported characteristics as self-rated health (SRH scale 1-5) and Degree of worry concerning the actual situation (DOW on scale 1-3) were collected at the initial call. The authors performed logistic regression analyses, calculating Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).
Results: Seven variables were significantly associated with repeated callers: Age > 65 OR=1.58 (95% CI=1.18-2.10), immigrants OR=1.41 (95% CI=1.03-1.93), annual income in highest quartiles OR=0.69 (95% CI=0.54-0.89), high DOW OR=1.33 (95% CI=1.06-1.66), pore SRH OR=1.64 (95% CI=1.21-2.21) and > 2 comorbidities OR=1.66 (95% CI=1.26-2.19). Gender and time of call were not significantly associated with repeated callers. The significant association remained in analyses adjusted for age and gender. In the mutual adjusted analyzes the disproportions decreases.
Conclusion: Results identify disproportions between repeated callers and single callers in characteristics related to age, immigrants, income, comorbidities and the self-rated variables SRH and DOW. This indicates that these characteristics potentially could be determinants for a delay in a face-to-face examination and treatment for citizens performing repeated calls. However, these disproportions are decreased in the mutual adjusted analyzes, indicating that sociodemographic and health related characteristics have a reinforcing effect.
Trigger team activation for acute patients in a level 1 emergency hospital
Authors: Posth Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Background: Emergency patients with suspected time dependent diseases are met by specialized trigger teams upon arrival at the hospital. These teams have an important function in stabilizing and treating patients. Knowledge of how often the different trigger teams are activated in combination with description of the patients and their prognosis can help qualify decisions in emergency medicine planning.
Objectives: To describe frequency, patient characteristics and 7-day mortality for all adult patients (≥18 years) managed by the orthopedic, medical, neurological thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) trigger teams at Odense University Hospital (OUH).
Methods: All patients met by a specialized trigger team at arrival to OUH between 1 November, 2012 and 30 September, 2015 were included. Data on g demographics, etiology and 7-day mortality will be presented descriptively. The number of trigger team activations per 100,000 person years in the background population, with varying catchment areas, will be presented.
Results: During the 35 observation months, there were 8,072 trigger team activations for adult patients at arrival to OUH (mean 7.6) per day. A trigger team was activated daily 1.3 times for trauma, 2.7 times for medicine, 1.5 times for thrombolysis, and 2.1 times for STEMI, or 161, 340, 72 and 64 activations per 100,000 person years, respectively. Mean age was 47 for trauma, and approximately 67 for the other teams. Some 72% of trauma and STEMI patients were male with 55% for medical and thrombolysis patients. Mean length of stay was 3-4 days for all groups. The 7-day mortality was 10% (95% CI 9-12) for trauma, 16% (95% CI 14-17) for medicine, 3% (95% CI 3-4) for thrombolysis and 6% (95% CI 5-7) for STEMI.
Conclusions: The volume of trigger team activation varied in both frequency and per 100,000 person years with activation of the medical teams being most frequent. Likewise, patients treated by the medical trigger team had the highest mortality, followed by trauma while patients activating the STEMI team showed the lowest mortality.
Prehospital infection control and prevention in Denmark: A nationwide cross-sectional study on guideline adherence and microbial contamination of surfaces
Authors: Vikke Heidi Storm 
Published: May 2019

Background: Prehospital acute care and treatment have become more complex, and while invasive procedures are standard procedures, focus on infection control and prevention is scarce. We aimed to evaluate guideline adherence, microbial contamination, and associated risk factors.
Methods: In a nationwide cross-sectional study, we evaluated guideline adherence to thorough cleaning (TC) once a day, and moderate cleaning (MC) in-between patient courses. Microbial contamination on hand-touch sites (HTS) and provider-related sites (PRS) was assessed by total aerobic colony forming units (CFU) and presence of selected pathogens, using swab and agar imprints. Also, microbial contamination was assessed in relation to potential risk factors.
Results: 80 ambulances and coherent EMS providers were enrolled. Adherence to guidelines regarding TC was 35%, but regarding MC it was 100%. In total, 129 (27%) of 480 HTS presented a total CFU > 2.5/cm2 and/or pathogenic growth, indicating hygiene failures. The prevalence of selected pathogens on HTS was: S. aureus 7%; Enterococcus 3% and Enterobacteriaceae 1%. Total CFU on the PRS ranged from 0-250/cm2, and the prevalence of pathogens was 18% (S. aureus 15%, Enterococcus 3% and Enterobacteriaceae 0.3%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was found in one sample, and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in two. No Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were recorded.
Conclusion: Guideline adherence was suboptimal, and many HTS did not comply fully with proposed standards for cleanliness. Pathogens were demonstrated on both HTS and PRS, indicating that the EMS may be a source of infection in hospitalized patients. Moreover, cleaning effort and time appears associated with microbial contamination, but a comprehensive investigation of risk factors is needed.
L’arrêt Maribro : un changement de cap de la Cour d’appel
Authors: D’Aoust Claude 
Published: May 2019

Dans ce commentaire, l’auteur analyse un arrêt de la Cour d’appel, confirmant la décision de la Cour supérieure, et qui renverse un arrêt de principe datant de 1978. En reconnaissant la compétence arbitrale pour juger du renvoi pour « fausses déclarations à l’embauchage », notre Cour d’appel s’aligne sur l’approche des provinces de common law.
La Cour supérieure en avait fait un cas d’espèce, s’appuyant sur le libellé de la clause conventionnelle applicable. Mais en un second temps (et en obiter), l’honorable juge Lévesque généralisait sa motivation dans la foulée de la jurisprudence récente de la Cour suprême du Canada sur la doctrine de la déférence judiciaire envers les tribunaux administratifs.
Mais la Cour d’appel attaque plutôt le problème de plein fouet, affirmant que l’ancienne règle n’est plus adéquate, à la lumière des directives de la Cour suprême. Après une revue de la jurisprudence, la Cour déclare qu’en présence d’une convention collective, il n’y a plus d’entente individuelle qui tienne et donc que l’arbitre, ex post factum a compétence pour juger de la validité de la formation du contrat individuel de travail initial qui avait placé le salarié sous l’empire de la convention collective.
Bien que cette approche ne soit pas nouvelle, il est à se demander s’il était nécessaire, voire opportun, d’aller jusque là pour disposer du litige. Car en mettant le point final à la discussion sur la coexistence du contrat individuel et de la convention collective, la Cour a peut-être ouvert une boîte de Pandore. En effet, le droit disciplinaire et non disciplinaire du travail fait constamment appel aux droits et obligations nés du contrat individuel de travail, le plus souvent implicitement. Le contrat de travail évanoui, par quoi le remplacera-t-on ?
L’auteur est d’avis que la jurisprudence et la doctrine construites à ce jour prendront le Orelais. Les règles subsisteront; le fondement et l’explication devront en être raffermis à partir de l’acquis du passé. Il est également à prévoir que les chefs d’entreprises seront plus enclins à édicter ou négocier des règlements intérieurs mieux structurés que la plupart de ceux qu’on rencontre de nos jours.
La création de l’hypothèque immobilière conventionnelle
Authors: Poudrier-LeBel Louise 
Published: May 2019

La propriété immobilière est recherchée pour la valeur de garantie qu’elle accorde à un créancier sous forme d’une hypothèque immobilière conventionnelle. Une approche comparative des systèmes de droit qui nous sont familiers permet les rapprochements suivants : le droit français transforma l’hypothèque générale et secrète en une sûreté spéciale et publique; la common law effectue plutôt un transfert du titre soumis à un droit de rachat; le droit québécois, d’abord semblable au droit français de la même époque, fit de nombreux emprunts au droit anglais, principalement l’exigence de la publicité. De plus, les droits accordés conventionnellement au créancier, spécialement la clause de dation en paiement, s’inspirent plus de la conception anglaise.
La réforme du droit québécois maintient les règles de fond et de forme que nous connaissons, en les adaptant aux réalités modernes sauf quant au caractère solennel du contrat.
Les origines intellectuelles et les caractéristiques institutionnelles et axiologiques du droit matrimonial occidental moderne
Authors: Dufour Alfred 
Published: May 2019

Engagées sous l’égide laïque et démocratique, les principales réformes du Droit matrimonial occidental contemporain, qui visent à l’universalisation des principes de liberté, d’égalité et de réalisation de soi dans le domaine de la famille, ne sont pas l’expression privilégiée et exclusive d’un XXe siècle à l’avant-garde ou à la dérive. Elles s’inscrivent d’abord, quant à leurs origines intellectuelles, dans un processus général de laïcisation de la pensée et de la société politique occidentale. Celui-ci s’amorce dès le XIVe siècle de façon convergente dans la Scolastique tardive, dans la doctrine jusnaturaliste et dans la canonistique moderne avec l’affirmation de la compétence exclusive du pouvoir civil en matière matrimoniale, la dissociation dans le mariage du contrat et du sacrement, enfin la spiritualisation du pouvoir de l’Église et la cléricalisation de la sacramentalité du mariage. Mais les réformes contemporaines du Droit du mariage s’enracinent plus immédiatement, quant à leurs caractéristiques institutionnelles et axiologiques, dans la doctrine rationaliste du Droit naturel du Siècle des Lumières et dans les nombreux projets de la Révolution française, « matrice du Droit occidental moderne », qui en inspirent, non seulement le contractualisme, l’égalitarisme et l’eudémonisme foncier, mais en déterminent encore l’irréversible affranchissement par rapport à l’ordre biologique.
Some Evidence of a New International Economic Order in Place
Authors: Marceau Gabrielle 
Published: May 2019

In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law.
This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection.
The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
Constitution and Family in the United States
Authors: Anderson Carl A. 
Published: May 2019

Decisions of the United States Supreme Court beginning with Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) have transformed family law in the United States. By characterizing the right to marry as a fundamental constitutional right and procreative decision-making as both a fundamental liberty interest and privacy right, the Court has “deregulated” the institutions of marriage and family.
During this same period the Court’s approach to legal questions involving the rights of non-marital cohabitating couples as well as individual procreative decision-making has tended to blur legal distinctions between the family based upon marriage and other living arrangements. The widespread adoption of mutual consent and/or marital breakdown as grounds for the dissolution of marriage in the United States has significantly altered the social dynamics of marriage and further reduces distinctions between marriage and other living arrangements.
However, recent decisions by the Court in Hardwick, Michael H., and Webster point to a change of direction in the Court’s view of privacy which may signal a willingness to tolerate greater community involvement in establishing protective regulation of the institutions of marriage and the family based upon it. The Court also appears to be in the process of significantly narrowing the constitutionally recognized right of privacy when viewed as a zone of autonomous decision-making for the individual or non-marital couple.
La propriété : la perception au figuré d’un droit pourtant bien réel
Authors: Goulet Jean 
Published: May 2019

L’auteur nous présente deux ouvrages qui analysent la propriété d’un point de vue historique d’où ressortent des notions non pas juridiques, mais plutôt culturelles et philosophiques. Le premier de ces ouvrages, Au propre et au figuré : histoire de la propriété, de Jacques Attali, constitue une réflexion sur le phénomène de la propriété et sur la raison d’être de cette institution. L’auteur nous y fait découvrir un aspect déconcertant de la propriété par sa relation avec l’homme et la mort. Par le deuxième ouvrage, Pourquoi la propriété, d’Henri Lepage, l’auteur montre plutôt la légitimité et le rôle créateur de richesses de la propriété. C’est donc sous un éclairage « économique » et s’apparentant parfois au droit naturel que la propriété y est alors présentée. Le droit moderne s’inspire t-il de ces différentes notions de la propriété ? Dans la dernière partie de son exposé l’auteur s’interroge ainsi sur le sort que les règles de notre droit réservent à la propriété en examinant tour à tour la position du législateur international (par le biais des conventions et traités internationaux) et celles du législateur constituant, tant canadien que québécois. Il appert alors que le droit de propriété moderne n’est plus un droit absolu, non plus d’ailleurs qu’un droit fondamental.
Aspects conceptuels et juridiques du « droit de propriété »
Authors: Boudreau-Ouellet Andréa 
Published: May 2019

Le terme « propriété » fait appel à une certaine notion générale familière à la plupart des sociétés contemporaines. Toutefois, les concepts de « propriété » et de « propriété privée » n’ont pas la même définition technique d’un système juridique à un autre. En effet, pour certains le droit de propriété est un droit naturel, tandis que pour d’autres, ce droit est une simple institution juridique. De plus, là où ces notions diffèrent vraiment dépendant des sociétés, c’est au niveau de l’approche que l’on a adoptée relativement à l’élaboration et à l’application des différentes règles qui régissent le droit de propriété. Pour nous, juristes canadiens, cette dichotomie redouble d’importance et d’intérêt en vue de la coexistence de deux systèmes juridiques différents : le droit civil et la common law.
L’auteur s’attarde donc à nous faire état des différences au niveau de la définition et au niveau de l’approche vis-à-vis l’élaboration des règles relatives au droit de propriété, tout en mettant l’emphase sur les notions anglo-saxonnes (common law) de ce droit. En premier lieu, l’article dévoile l’importante distinction en common law entre les « biens réels » et les « biens personnels », qui est entièrement étrangère à l’interprétation civiliste. Ceci implique, sur le plan pratique, des inconsistances et des contradictions entre les deux systèmes lors de la transmission de la propriété des biens entre vifs et au décès, par exemple. En second lieu l’auteur démontre que les droits de propriété en common law peuvent être fragmentés en divers intérêts, et que le propriétaire a donc une plus grande flexibilité pour diriger le destin de ses biens pendant de très longues périodes de temps. Cette caractéristique propre à la common law, nous vient par l’entremise des doctrines des tenures et domaines du Moyen Âge et du système féodal anglais.
Assessment of the Political Risk in a Country: a Practitioner’s View
Authors: Arrieta Padilla Carlos Gustavo 
Published: May 2019

Political risk is inherent to foreign investment. It stems from either the government's or the political regime's instability, or restrictive and compelling governmental policies. To cope with this risk, two complementary instruments are used: risk assessment and deterrent measures.
Taking into consideration South America, the author explains how the political risk assessment is realized through risks indexes, public or corporate: each carries its own criteria as shown here by the analysis of General Motors and Union Carbide methods of assessment.
The author then discusses the means available to the investor to forecast and minimize the negative effects of the actualization of a political risk. He identifies two main categories of deterrent measures: business oriented strategies carried out by the investor or legal techniques of protection. Among the latter, the author analyses the stabilization and internationalization clauses; the security offered by certain bilateral or multilateral treaties to foreign investment; the guarantees agreed upon by organizations such as the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency; the transfer of domicile of legal entities.
Cp2Mg in-situ monitoring in a MOVPE reactor using a quantum cascade laser
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Sato Yoko , Minami Masakazu , Muramatsu Noboru , Iwaya Motoaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe performed in-situ monitoring of bis-cyclopentadienyl magnesium (Cp2Mg) vapor pressure supplied into a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. As a light source we adopted a quantum cascade laser (QCL) of 12.9 μm, which is the wavelength of Cp2Mg infrared absorption. We directly configured a laser path in the reactor to construct the Cp2Mg in-situ monitoring system. We streamed Cp2Mg and measured the vapor pressure in the reactor to evaluate it and its saturation and purge times in comparison with their calculated values which were determined from the measured values in the supply line. Next, we streamed Cp2Mg and other gas species used in gallium-nitride processes one by one to investigate their saturation times with the same QCL. Characteristic features of Cp2Mg such as the largest saturation time ratio and its large fluctuation were observed. These results indicate the importance of Cp2Mg in-situ monitoring in the reactor.
Analysis of breakdown voltage of field-plate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs as affected by buffer layer’s acceptor density
Authors: Akiyama Shinya , Kondo Masahiro , Wada Leona , Horio Kazushige 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We perform a numerical analysis of field-plate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a Fe-doped buffer layer with only a deep acceptor as a deep level and study how its density N
DA and the length of field-plate L
FP affect the breakdown voltage V
br. The calculated characteristics usually show abrupt increases in gate and drain currents due to impact ionization, resulting in breakdown. But, in some cases, V
br is limited by current flow through the buffer, and this current is higher for lower N
DA. Therefore, V
br becomes higher for higher N
DA. V
br takes a maximum value at some L
FP, and the highest average electric field between gate and drain becomes about 3.2 MV cm−1 when the breakdown occurs.