bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human salivary protein extraction from RNAPro·SAL™, Pure·SAL™, and passive drooling method
Authors: Khurshid Zohaib , Moin Syed Faraz , Khan Rabia Sannam , Agwan Muhammad Atif Saleem , Alwadaani Abdullah Hamed , Zafar Muhammad Sohail 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the current study was to carry out a preliminary validation of devices for standardized collection of whole mouth fluid (WMF) in comparison to the passive drooling method for protein analysis in healthy subjects.Materials and Methods: A carefully designed sample collection/pretreatment protocol is crucial to the success of any saliva proteomics project. In this study, WMF was collected from healthy volunteers (n = 10, ages: 18–26 years). Individuals with any oral disease were excluded from the study group. In our study, we evaluated the following collection methods; the classical passive drooling method (unstimulated whole saliva) and standardized tools for saliva collection (Pure·SAL™, and RNAPro·SAL™) from Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation (Vancouver WA, USA). For estimation of protein levels, we used the bicinchoninic acid assay and protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher). The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis sample analysis was carried out for the estimation of proteins in one of the samples.Results: When gels were compared, the difference was seen in the resolution of spots. Protein spots were fading from high- to low-molecular weight masses. Hence, advanced devices in comparison to spitting method resulted in much clearer protein spots which in turn prove the validation of devices.Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that protein extraction could be possible by both methods such as passive drooling method and through advanced saliva collection devices (Pure·SAL™ and RNAPro·SAL™).
Determination of Tweed's cephalometric norms in Bengali population
Authors: Kumari Lalima , Das Anuranjan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish Tweed's cephalometric norms for Indian Bengali population and to compare it with Caucasian norms. Materials and Methods: The participants were of 50 adults with normal occlusion and pleasant profile. Lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position, and cephalometric norms were established using Tweeds diagnostic triangle. Results: The study showed more proclined lower incisors in comparison with Caucasians. The result of the study also indicated that separate norms should be considered for Bengali males and females during diagnosis and treatment planning as mean Frankfort mandibular angle value for females was found to be significantly higher than that of males (t
48= 2.97; P < 0.01) and the mean value of incisor mandibular plane angle for males was significantly higher than that of females. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for group-specific norms for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning and provide cephalometric standards for normal Bengali adults.
Assessment of anxiety, depression, and serum cortisol level in oral submucous fibrosis patients: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kanodia Shubhra , Giri Vishal Prakash , Giri Om Prakash , Devi M. Parvathi , Garima Y. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the anxiety, depression, and serum cortisol level in OSMF patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Age-and gender-matched 105 patients were divided into three equal groups as follows: Group 1 – those with areca nut chewing habits and OSMF, Group 2 – those with areca nut chewing habits but no OSMF, and Group 3– those without areca nut chewing habits and without OSMF. Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, respectively. Serum cortisol level was also measured simultaneously. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test, Chi-square test, and analysis of variance were used. Results: Fifty (47.62%) patients were observed to be in the age group of 25–32 years. Ninety-six (91.4%) patients were males and 9 (8.6%) were females. The mean serum cortisol level was observed to be higher among patients with OSMF-C followed by those with OSMF-D. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a significant association between OSMF, depression, and serum cortisol level.
Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term high-resolution radiosonde measurements
Authors: Narendra Reddy Nelli , Venkat Ratnam Madineni , Basha Ghouse , Ravikiran Varaha 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes,
thickness of cloud layers, and the vertical distribution of multilayer
clouds, affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients
in the total diabatic heating and cooling and latent heat release. In this study,
long-term (11 years) observations of high-vertical-resolution radiosondes are
used to obtain the cloud vertical structure over a tropical station at Gadanki
(13.5∘ N, 79.2∘ E), India. The detected cloud layers are
verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor (CPS)
sonde launched from the same station. High-level clouds account for
69.05 %, 58.49 %, 55.5 %, and 58.6 % of all clouds during
the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The
average cloud base (cloud top) altitudes for low-level, middle-level,
high-level, and deep convective clouds are 1.74 km (3.16 km), 3.59 km (5.55 km), 8.79 km
(10.49 km), and 1.22 km (11.45 km), respectively. Single-layer, two-layer, and
three-layer clouds account for 40.80 %, 30.71 %, and 19.68 % of
all cloud configurations, respectively. Multilayer clouds occurred more
frequently during the monsoon with 34.58 %. Maximum cloud top altitude
and cloud thickness occurred during the monsoon season for single-layer
clouds and the uppermost layer of multiple-layer cloud configurations. In
multilayer cloud configurations, diurnal variations in the thickness of
upper-layer clouds are larger than those of lower-layer clouds.
Heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these cloud
layers are also investigated and peak cooling (peak warming) is found below
(above) the cold-point tropopause (CPT) altitude. The magnitude of cooling
(warming) increases from single-layer to four- or more-layer cloud occurrence.
Further, the vertical structure of clouds is also studied with respect to the
arrival date of the Indian summer monsoon over Gadanki.
Viscosity of erythritol and erythritol–water particles as a function of water activity: new results and an intercomparison of techniques for measuring the viscosity of particles
Authors: Chu Yangxi , Evoy Erin , Kamal Saeid , Song Young Chul , Reid Jonathan P. , Chan Chak K. , Bertram Allan K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A previous study reported an uncertainty of up to 3 orders of magnitude for
the viscosity of erythritol (1,2,3,4-butanetetrol)–water particles. To help
reduce the uncertainty in the viscosity of these particles, we measured the
diffusion coefficient of a large organic dye (rhodamine B
isothiocyanate–dextran, average molecular weight ∼70000gmol-1) in an erythritol–water matrix as a
function of water activity using rectangular-area fluorescence recovery after
photobleaching (rFRAP). The diffusion coefficients were then converted to
viscosities of erythritol–water particles using the Stokes–Einstein
equation. In addition, we carried out new viscosity measurements of
erythritol–water particles using aerosol optical tweezers. Based on the new
experimental results and viscosities reported in the literature, we conclude
the following: (1) the viscosity of pure erythritol is 184-73+122 Pa s (2
standard deviations); (2) the addition of a hydroxyl (OH) functional group to
a linear C4 carbon backbone increases the viscosity on average by a
factor of 27-5+6 (2 standard deviations); and (3) the increase in
viscosity from the addition of one OH functional group to a linear
C4 carbon backbone is not a strong function of the number of OH
functional groups already present in the molecule up to the addition of three
OH functional groups, but the increase in viscosity may be larger when the
linear C4 carbon backbone already contains three OH functional
groups. These results should help improve the understanding of the viscosity
of secondary organic aerosol particles in the atmosphere. In addition, these
results show that at water activity>0.4 the rFRAP technique,
aerosol optical tweezers technique, and bead-mobility technique give results in
reasonable agreement if the uncertainties in the measurements are considered.
At water activity<0.4, the mean viscosity values determined by
the optical tweezers technique were higher than those determined by the
bead-mobility and rFRAP techniques by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Nevertheless,
the disagreement in viscosity measured using multiple techniques reported in
this paper is smaller than reported previously.
A quantitative approach to evaluating the GWP timescale through implicit discount rates
Authors: Sarofim Marcus C. , Giordano Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The 100-year global warming potential (GWP) is the primary metric used to compare the climate impacts of emissions of different greenhouse gases (GHGs). The GWP relies on radiative forcing rather than damages, assumes constant future concentrations, and integrates over a timescale of 100 years without discounting; these choices lead to a metric that is transparent and simple to calculate, but have also been criticized. In this paper, we take a quantitative approach to evaluating the choice of time horizon, accounting for many of these complicating factors. By calculating an equivalent GWP timescale based on discounted damages resulting from CH4 and CO2 pulses, we show that a 100-year timescale is consistent with a discount rate of 3.3 % (interquartile range of 2.7 % to 4.1 % in a sensitivity analysis). This range of discount rates is consistent with those often considered for climate impact analyses. With increasing discount rates, equivalent timescales decrease. We recognize the limitations of evaluating metrics by relying only on climate impact equivalencies without consideration of the economic and political implications of metric implementation.
Paleotsunami deposits along the coast of Egypt correlate with historical earthquake records of eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Salama Asem , Meghraoui Mustapha , El Gabry Mohamed , Maouche Said , Hussein Moussa Hesham , Korrat Ibrahim 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We study the sedimentary record
of past tsunamis along the coastal area west of Alexandria (NW Egypt) taking
into account the occurrence of major historical earthquakes in the eastern
Mediterranean. The two selected sites at Kefr Saber (∼32 km west of
Marsa-Matrouh city) and ∼ 10 km northwest of El Alamein village are
coastal lagoons protected by 2–20 m-high dunes parallel to the shoreline.
Field data were collected by (1) coastal geomorphology along estuaries,
wedge-protected and dune-protected lagoons; and (2) identification and
spatial distribution of paleotsunamis deposits using five trenches
(1.5 m-depth) at Kefr Saber and twelve cores (1 to 2.5 m-depth) at El
Alamein. Detailed logging of sedimentary sections was conducted using X-rays,
grain size and sorting, total organic and inorganic matter, bulk mineralogy,
magnetic susceptibility, and radiocarbon dating to identify past tsunamis
records. Generally of low energy, the stratigraphic succession made of
coastal lagoon and alluvial deposits includes intercalated high-energy
deposits made of mixed fine and coarse sand with broken shells, interpreted
as catastrophic layers correlated with tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon dating
of 46 samples consist in mixed old (>13 000 BP) and young
(<5500 BP), dated charcoal and shells in sedimentary units
correlate with the 24 June AD 1870 (Mw 7.5), 8 August AD 1303 (Mw ∼ 8) and 21 July AD 365 (Mw 8–8.5) large tsunamigenic
earthquakes that caused inundation along the Alexandria and northern Egyptian
shoreline. Our results point out the size and recurrence of past tsunamis and
the potential for future tsunami hazards on the Egyptian coastline and the
eastern Mediterranean regions.
De beleving van bestuurlijke drukte
Authors: van de Peppel Rob , Pol Helma , Hoek Dick 
Published: August 2018

De beleving van bestuurlijke drukte
Met een recent onderzoek onder Overijsselse bestuurders is voor het eerst kwantitatief gemeten hoe bestuurlijke drukte door bestuurders zelf wordt ervaren. De aanleiding voor dit onderzoek vormde het hoofdlijnenakkoord 'De Kracht van Overijssel', waarin terugdringing van bestuurlijke drukte in Overijssel expliciet wordt genoemd als middel om de kwaliteit van het openbaar bestuur in Overijssel verder te verhogen. De vraag die in het onderzoek naar bestuurlijke drukte in Overijssel centraal stond, was exploratief: hoe ervaren bestuurders zelf bestuurlijke drukte? En, hoeveel bestuurders ervaren bestuurlijke drukte als een probleem? Uit dit onderzoek komt naar voren dat bestuurlijke drukte als fenomeen bekend is bij vrijwel alle bestuurders en dat een substantieel deel het als een probleem beschouwt. Daarbij moeten we wel aantekenen dat van degenen die bestuurlijke drukte als een probleem zien, de meesten de omvang van het probleem 'beperkt' noemen.
Wat gemeenten van sociale wijkteams verwachten
Authors: van Arum Silke , Lub Vasco 
Published: August 2018

Wat gemeenten van sociale wijkteams verwachten
De verwachtingen over de sociale wijkteams zijn hooggespannen. Menig gemeente ziet het inzetten van de teams als dé nieuwe oplossing in de aanpak van sociale problematiek en de uitdagingen waarvoor zij komen te staan met de transities en bezuinigingen. Tientallen gemeenten hebben in een kort tijdsbestek dergelijke teams ingesteld en nog meer zullen volgen. Maar wat beogen de diverse gemeenten nu precies met de wijkteams? Waar moet hun meerwaarde uit bestaan in de dienstverlening naar (kwetsbare) burgers? Geven gemeenten via de wijkteams invulling en kleur aan de decentralisatie van zorg- en welzijnstaken?
Een waarschuwende strafrechter
Authors: Janssen J.H. 
Published: August 2018

Een waarschuwende strafrechter
Afschaffing van de schorsing van de voorlopige hechtenis leidt niet tot het doel dat de wetgever zegt met de wijziging voor ogen te hebben. Het effect zou in veel gevallen zelfs kunnen zijn dat de nadruk meer komt te liggen op daadwerkelijke vrijheidsbeneming en minder op vrijheidsbeperking. Een ander gevaar dat dreigt is dat gemakkelijk tot onnodige vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen wordt overgegaan. Ook kunnen vraagtekens worden geplaatst bij de effectiviteit van de vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen als er voor de verdachte geen concreet zicht is op vrijheidsbeneming. Deze averechtse effecten kunnen niet de bedoeling van de wetgever zijn en kunnen worden voorkomen.
Heterostructures for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A Review
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Rui Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Sun Wenping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeveloping sustainable and renewable energy sources along with efficient energy storage and conversion technologies is vital to address environmental and energy challenges. Electrochemical water splitting coupling with grid‐scale renewable energy harvesting technologies is becoming one of the most promising approaches. Besides, hydrogen with the highest mass‐energy density of any fuel is regarded as the ultimate clean energy carrier. The realization of practical water splitting depends heavily on the development of low‐cost, highly active, and durable catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). Recently, heterostructured catalysts, which are generally composed of electrochemical active materials and various functional additives, have demonstrated extraordinary electrocatalytic performance toward HER and OER, and particularly a number of precious‐metal‐free heterostructures delivered comparable activity with precious‐metal‐based catalysts. Herein, an overview is presented of recent research progress on heterostructured HER catalysts. It starts with summarizing the fundamentals of HER and approaches for evaluating HER activity. Then, the design and synthesis of heterostructures, electrochemical performance, and the related mechanisms for performance enhancement are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are highlighted for the development of heterostructured HER catalysts from the points of view of both fundamental understandings and practical applications.
Bisphosphonate Functionalized Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles Allow Long‐Term MRI/CT Multimodal Imaging of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement
Authors: Mastrogiacomo Simone , Kownacka Alicja E. , Dou Weiqiang , Burke Benjamin P. , de Rosales Rafael T. M. , Heerschap Arend , Jansen John A. , Archibald Stephen J. , Walboomers X. Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDirect in vivo monitoring of bioconstructs using noninvasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) is not possible for many materials. Calcium phosphate–based composites (CPCs) that are applicable to bone regeneration are an example where the materials have poor MRI and CT contrast; hence, they are challenging to detect in vivo. In this study, a CPC construct is designed with gadolinium‐oxide nanoparticles incorporated to act as an MRI/CT multimodal contrast agent. The gadolinium(III) oxide nanoparticles are synthesized via the polyol method and surface functionalized with a bisphosphonate (BP) derivative to give a construct (gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs)‐BP) with strong affinity toward calcium phosphate. The CPC‐GBCAs‐BP functional material is longitudinally monitored after in vivo implantation in a condyle defect rat model. The synthetic method developed produces nanoparticles that are stable in aqueous solution (hydrodynamic diameter 70 nm) with significantT1andT2relaxivity demonstrated in both clinical 3 T and preclinical 11.7 T MRI systems. The combination of GBCAs‐BP nanoparticles with CPC gives an injectable material with handling properties that are suitable for clinical applications. The BP functionalization prolongs the residence of the contrast agent within the CPC to allow long‐term follow‐up imaging studies. The useful contrast agent properties combined with biological compatibility indicate further investigation of the novel bone substitute hybrid material toward clinical application.
Remote‐Controlling Potassium Channels in Living Cells through Photothermal Inactivation of Calmodulin
Authors: Chai Ran , Xing Chengfen , Gao Dong , Yuan Hongbo , Zhan Yong , Wang Shu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpatiotemporal regulation of cellular functions provides a powerful strategy for understanding underlying mechanisms of cellular bioprocesses. Here, a strategy is reported to realize the remote control of the activities of potassium channels via photothermal inactivation of calmodulin (CaM) by using reduced graphene oxide decorated with calmodulin binding peptide (rGO‐P) as the transducer with near‐infrared light (NIR) irradiation. Upon NIR light irradiation, the CaM/Ca2+ bound to rGO‐P is inactivated by the photothermal effect of rGO‐P, resulting in the incapability of binding with Ca2+. Hence, the closed Kv10.1 channel is converted to be open in the presence of calcium in living cells. Meanwhile, the SK2 channel is induced to be closed from the open state and the Kir2.1 channel is unaffected by the intracellular inactivation of CaM. This strategy gives a noninvasive and effective approach to remotely control the activities of potassium channels, offering an alternative for the development of optogenetics.
Manganese‐Oxide‐Based Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications: How Close Are We to the Theoretical Capacitance?
Authors: Hu Yating , Wu Yue , Wang John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOf the transition metals, Mn has the greatest number of different oxides, most of which have a special tunnel structure that enables bulk redox reactions. The high theoretical capacitance and capacity results from a greater number of accessible oxidation states than other transition metals, wide potential window, and the high natural abundance make MnOx species promising electrode materials for energy storage applications. Although MnOx electrode materials have been intensely studied over the past decade, their electrochemical performance is still insufficient for practical applications. Currently, there is a trade‐off between specific capacitance and loading mass. MnOx species have intrinsically poor electrical conductivity, and current structural designs are not sophisticated enough to accommodate enough redox‐active sites. Recent studies have certainly made progress in increasing capacitance through making use of electrically conductive components and controlling the morphology of the MnOx species to expose more surface area. To increase the capacitance of MnOx electrodes to the largest extent without limiting loading mass, further structural design at the nanoscale and manipulation of the electrically conductive component are required. An ideal nanostructure is proposed to guide future research toward closing the gap between achieved and theoretical capacitance, without limiting the loading mass.
Electroluminescent Devices Based on 2D Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Junyong , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Eda Goki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUltrathin layers of van der Waals inorganic semiconductors represent a new class of excitonic materials with attractive light‐emitting properties. Recent observation of valley polarization, optically pumped lasing, exciton–polaritons, and single‐photon emission highlights the exciting prospects for two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors for applications in novel photonic devices. Development of efficient and reliable light sources based on excitonic electroluminescence in 2D semiconductors is of fundamental importance toward the practical implementation of photonic devices. Achieving electroluminescence in these atomically thin layers requires unconventional device designs and in‐depth understanding of the carrier injection and transport mechanisms. Herein, various strategies for electrically generating excitons in 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides such as monolayer MoS2 are reviewed and challenges and opportunities are outlined. Furthermore, novel device concepts such as tunable chiral emission, electrically driven quantum emission, and high‐frequency modulation are highlighted.