bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Personal Exposure to Air Pollution from Smartphone-Based Location Data
Authors: Finazzi Francesco , Paci Lucia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Personal exposure assessment is a challenging task that requires both measurements of the state of the environment as well as the individual's movements. In this paper, we show how location data collected by smartphone applications can be exploited to quantify the personal exposure of a large group of people to air pollution. A Bayesian approach that blends air quality monitoring data with individual location data is proposed to assess the individual exposure over time, under uncertainty of both the pollutant level and the individual location. A comparison with personal exposure obtained assuming fixed locations for the individuals is also provided. Location data collected by the Earthquake Network research project are employed to quantify the dynamic personal exposure to fine particulate matter of around 2500 people living in Santiago (Chile) over a 4-month period. For around 30% of individuals, the personal exposure based on people movements emerges significantly different over the static exposure. On the basis of this result and thanks to a simulation study, we claim that even when the individual location is known with nonnegligible error, this helps to better assess personal exposure to air pollution. The approach is flexible and can be adopted to quantify the personal exposure based on any location-aware smartphone application.
Luminescence dating of buried cobble surfaces from sandy beach ridges: a case study from Denmark
Authors: Souza Priscila E. , Sohbati Reza , Murray Andrew S. , Kroon Aart , Clemmensen Lars B. , Hede Mikkel U. , Nielsen Lars 
Published: June 2019

Here we investigate the use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) for dating cobbles from the body of successive beach ridges and compare cobble surface‐derived ages to standard quartz OSL ages from sand. Between four and eight cobbles and sand samples (age control) were dated with the luminescence method, taken from the modern beach and from beach ridges on the south and north extremes of a prograding spit on the westernmost coast of Lolland, Denmark. Luminescence‐depth profiles perpendicular to the surfaces of the cobbles show that the feldspar infrared signals stimulated at 50 °C were fully reset to various depths into the cobbles prior to final deposition; as a result, the equivalent doses determined from close to the surface of such cobbles can be used to calculate burial ages. Beach‐ridge burial ages given by the average of ages of individual cobbles taken from the same site are consistent, within errors, with the ages derived from the sand samples. Cobble‐ and sand‐derived ages show that the southernmost beach ridge at Albuen was formed around 2 ka ago, indicating that this sandy spit is younger than other coastal systems in Denmark. The agreement between ages derived from clasts and from standard quartz OSL in this study confirms that, even in the absence of sandy sediments, we can reliably date sites using OSL by targeting larger clasts. In addition, the record of prior light exposure contained in the shape of the cobbles’ luminescence‐depth profile removes one of the major uncertainties (i.e. the degree of signal reset prior to burial) in the luminescence dating of high latitude sites.
Molecular and clinical characterization of TMEM71 expression at the transcriptional level in glioma
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Yu , Huang Ruo‐Yu , Tong Xue‐Zhi , Zhang Ke‐Nan , Liu Yan‐Wei , Zeng Fan , Hu Hui‐Min , Jiang Tao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used in the treatment of glioma, survival remains unsatisfactory. Chemoresistance is one of the primary reasons for the poor prognosis of glioma. Several studies have demonstrated that glioma stem cells (GSC) may be one of the reasons for chemoresistance. In this article, we attempt to search for a new biomarker related to GSC and chemoresistance in glioma.MethodsWe used three datasets (GSE23806, COSMIC, and CGGA) to search for the genes related to GSC, temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, and overall survival. The selected gene was investigated with respect to the relationship between mRNA levels and clinical characteristics in the CGGA and TCGA dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was used for bioinformatics analysis. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for survival analysis.ResultsThe transmembrane protein 71 (TMEM71) gene was selected for further research. TMEM71 was highly expressed in GSCs and TMZ‐resistant cells. The TMEM71 mRNA levels increased with increasing grades of glioma. In IDH‐wild‐type and MGMT‐unmethylated samples, TMEM71 was overexpressed. The TMEM71 transcript levels were also increased significantly in mesenchymal subtype gliomas. GO analysis demonstrated that TMEM71 was related to the immune and inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, cell migration, chemotaxis, and the response to drugs. Specifically, PD‐1, PD‐L1, TIM‐3, and B7‐H3 were tightly associated with TMEM71 expression. This result indicates that TMEM71 may play an important role in the immune response. More importantly, high expression of TMEM71 was correlated with short survival time in both glioma and glioblastoma patients.ConclusionIn summary, TMEM71 expression was increased in GBM and associated with immune response. Our study suggests that TMEM71 may function as an oncogene and serve as a new effective therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
Effects of past language experience and present language context on the shape bias in Spanish–English bilingual children
Authors: Schonberg Christina C. , Russell Emily E. , Luna Michelle L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnglish‐monolingual children develop a shape bias early in language acquisition, such that they more often generalize a novel label based on shape than other features. Spanish‐monolingual children, however, do not show this bias to the same extent (Hahn & Cantrell, 2012). Studying children who are simultaneously learning both Spanish and English presents a unique opportunity to further investigate how this word‐learning bias develops. Thus, we asked how Spanish–English bilingual children (Mage = 21.31 months) perform in a novel‐noun generalization (NNG) task, specifically examining how past language experience (i.e. language exposure and vocabulary size) and present language context (i.e. whether the NNG task was conducted in Spanish or English) influence the strength of the shape bias. Participants completed the NNG task either entirely in English (N = 16) or entirely in Spanish (N = 16), as well as language understanding tasks in both English and Spanish to ensure that they understood what the experimenter was asking them to do. Parents completed a language exposure survey and vocabulary checklists in Spanish and English. There was a significant interaction between condition and choice type: Bilingual children in the English condition showed a shape bias in the NNG task, but bilingual children in the Spanish condition showed no reliable biases. No measures of past language experience were related to NNG task performance. These results suggest that when learning new words, bilingual children are attuned to the regularities of the present language context, and prior language experiences may play a more secondary role.
Phenotypic characterization of haemophilia B – Understanding the underlying biology of coagulation factor IX
Authors: Tjärnlund‐Wolf Anna , Lassila Riitta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHaemophilia B is a recessive, X‐linked bleeding disorder due to inherited deficiency in vitamin K‐dependent coagulation factor IX (FIX). FIX activity levels, as a basis for the definition of disease severity, do not clearly correlate with bleeding phenotype, likely due to the multiple steps regulating coagulation. Timely, with the availability of extended half‐life products and successful steps in gene therapy, haemophilia B therapy is in an active developmental phase. Therefore, increased knowledge of the factors contributing to the variation of haemostatic and clinical outcome and response to therapy is welcomed. FIX acts at the crossroads of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, and on the platelet procoagulant membrane at the site of vascular injury, and therefore, FIX biology is targeted for multiple effectors and regulators. The synthesis, cellular and molecular interactions, and elimination routes of FIX are not as well studied as for FVIII. The specific roles of magnesium in both platelet adhesion and FIX activation, and of vascular collagen at the haemostatic site of platelet adhesion and FIX residence are of particular interest. Biochemical and translational research on these issues should improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved, leading to the development of relevant assays that measure both haemostasis and treatment response. The latter is becoming increasingly important in the new era of haemophilia management and ultimately may lead to improved treatment strategies individually tailored to a patient's needs and cost‐efficiency.
Effect of pH variation on the subcritical crack growth parameters of glassy matrix ceramics
Authors: Melo Renata M. , Pereira Cristiane , Ramos Nathália C. , Feitosa Fernanda A. , Dal Piva Amanda M.O. , Tribst João Paulo M. , Özcan Mutlu , Jorge Antonio O.C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe goals of our study were to calculate the subcritical crack growth (SCG) parameters of two veneering ceramics stored in water or Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm and remineralizing medium, with indentation flaws. Feldspar (VM7) and leucite‐reinforced (VM13) glass ceramic disks (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) were made according to ISO 6872. Some specimens were indented with a Vickers diamond and the crack dimensions were measured. The specimens were fractured for a calculation of inert strength or further stored in water or submitted to pH variation, under preloading tension. Finally, the SCG parameters were calculated after the specimens were fractured under four stressing rates (MPa/s). Weibull analysis was conducted on non‐indented specimens. XPS was performed as qualitative analysis. The subcritical crack of leucite ceramic did not vary with the media storage, but the glass‐ceramic experienced a retarded growth after pH variation. The materials presented low Weibull modulus. Qualitative elemental analyses showed chemical modification on both ceramics. Therefore, the crack growth of leucite‐reinforced ceramic was less affected by the environment pH than glass‐ceramic.
The structure of rhenium‐containing sodium alumino (iron) phosphate glasses
Authors: Stefanovsky Sergey V. , Prusakov Ivan L. , Stefanovsky Olga I. , Kadyko Michael I. , Averin Alexei A. , Makarenkov Vadim I. , Trigub Alexander L. , Nikonov Boris S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe phase composition, structure, and rhenium (technetium surrogate) speciation in sodium aluminum(iron) phosphate glasses synthesized under oxidizing and reducing conditions were examined using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopic methods. In the sodium aluminophosphate glasses, Re is present in both metallic Re(0) form and Re(VII). In the Sodium aluminum‐iron phosphate glasses, regardless of the conditions of their production, all the Re occurred as Re(VII). Elemental leach rates from the Re‐containing glasses were found to be lower than the standard values.
Patterns and features of methamphetamine‐related presentations to emergency departments in QLD from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Jones Rikki , Woods Cindy , Barker Ruth , Usher Kim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study explores the patterns and features of methamphetamine‐related presentations to emergency departments (EDs) in Queensland. Despite an overall decrease in the use of methamphetamine in Australian, an increase in the use of the crystalized form of methamphetamine has been noted over recent years. A descriptive observational study was utilized to analyse emergency department (ED) injury surveillance data sourced from Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit (QISU) from 2005 to 2017. Data were analysed for presentations related to stimulants (n = 564) with methamphetamine (n = 250) included as a subcategory. Descriptive statistics were used to identify patterns and features of presentations related to methamphetamines. The relationship between demographic variables, service type variables, and drug type was assessed using chi‐square and z‐tests. Results included the following: 84.4% of methamphetamine‐related presentations were allocated a triage score of 1, 2, or 3; 14.8% of all methamphetamine‐related presentations required police involvement; 18% were brought in by ambulance; and 15.6% exhibited behaviour that was either, agitated, aggressive, or violent in nature. Methamphetamine‐related presentations more frequently required police or ambulance services and more often included aggression or agitation. Methamphetamine‐related presentations to ED have a high acuity and often require other emergency resources (police and ambulance). There is a need to develop policy for managing aggressive and agitated people presenting to EDs as a result of methamphetamine use and to further explore the experience of personnel (police and ambulance) managing persons under the influence of methamphetamine.
Transparent alumina ceramics: Effect of standard and plasma generated stabilizing approaches in colloidal processing
Authors: Drdlikova Katarina , Maca Karel , Slama Martin , Drdlik Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study is focused on an optimization of the slip‐casting process used for the fabrication of the transparent/translucent alumina ceramics; more precisely, on specifying the most appropriate way to stabilize the cast alumina suspensions. An innovative method of the particles’ stabilization by plasma treatment was compared with the classical electrostatic and the most frequently used electrosteric approach. Properties of green bodies (pore size distribution, density) and sintered samples (density, mean grain size, real in‐line transmittance) were measured in term to evaluate the impact of the individual stabilization mechanism on the final properties of the transparent/translucent ceramics. The results showed that all tested approaches enable the preparation of the transparent/translucent alumina ceramics by Hot Isostatic Pressing. Ceramics prepared from the plasma treated as well as the electrostatically stabilized powders exhibited narrower pore size distribution, higher density, and lower mean grain size in comparison to ceramics fabricated from only electrosterically stabilized powders. Despite these promising properties the plasma‐treated samples resulted in an unexpectedly low RIT of 36% caused by the presence of thin cracks. However, the electrostatically stabilized samples achieved the highest RIT value of 57%.
The association between employment and the health of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Robertson Janet , Beyer Steve , Emerson Eric , Baines Susannah , Hatton Chris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is strong evidence indicating that paid employment is generally good for the physical and mental health of the general population. This systematic review considers the association between employment and the health of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsStudies published from 1990 to 2018 were identified via electronic literature databases, email requests and cross‐citations. Identified studies were reviewed narratively.ResultsTwelve studies were identified. Studies were generally consistent in reporting an association between being in paid employment and better physical or mental health status.ConclusionsThis review supports the view that the well‐established association between employment and better health is similar for adults with and without intellectual disabilities. However, evidence establishing causality is lacking and further research to determine specific health benefits attributable to employment for people with intellectual disabilities and the causal pathways that operate is required.
Silencing of HLA class I on primary human hepatocytes as a novel strategy for reduction in alloreactivity
Authors: Figueiredo Constança , Oldhafer Felix , Wittauer Eva‐Maria , Carvalho‐Oliveira Marco , Akhdar Ali , Beetz Oliver , Chen‐Wacker Chen , Yuzefovych Yuliia , Falk Christine S. , Blasczyk Rainer , Vondran Florian W.R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the whole liver, primary hepatocytes are highly immunogenic. Thus, alternative strategies of immunomodulation after hepatocyte transplantation are of special interest. Silencing of HLA class I expression is expected to reduce the strength of allogeneic immune responses and to improve graft survival. In this study, primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were isolated using a two‐step‐collagenase perfusion‐technique and co‐cultured with allogeneic lymphocytes in terms of a mixed lymphocyte hepatocyte culture. Expression of HLA class I on PHH was silenced using lentiviral vectors encoding for β2‐microglobulin‐specific short hairpin RNA (shβ2m) or non‐specific shRNA (shNS) as control. The delivery of shβ2m into PHH caused a decrease by up to 96% in β2m transcript levels and a down‐regulation of HLA class I cell surface expression on PHH by up to 57%. Proliferative T cell alloresponses against HLA‐silenced PHH were significantly lower than those observed form fully HLA‐expressing PHH. In addition, significantly lower secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was observed. Levels of albumin, urea and aspartate‐aminotransferase did not differ in supernatants of cultured PHH. In conclusion, silencing HLA class I expression on PHH might represent a promising approach for immunomodulation in the transplant setting without compromising metabolic function of silenced hepatocytes.
Dermoscopic features of mammary Paget’s disease: a retrospective case‐control study by the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Apalla Z. , Errichetti E. , Kyrgidis A. , Stolz W. , Puig S. , Malvehy J. , Zalaudek I. , Moscarella E. , Longo C. , Blum A. , Lanssens S. , Savoia F. , Tschandl P. , Kittler H. , Sinz C. , Stinco G. , Argenziano G. , Lazaridou E. , Lallas A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMammary Paget’s disease (MPD) is a rare intraepidermal adenocarcinoma of the nipple‐areola complex, associated with an underlying breast cancer in approximately 90% of cases. Delayed diagnosis of MPD is common. Its dermoscopic features have been ill defined in the literature.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical and dermoscopic features of MPD versus other dermatologic entities that involve nipple and areola.MethodsMembers of the IDS were invited to submit any case of histologically confirmed MPD, as well as other benign and malignant dermatoses that involve the nipple and areola complex. A standardized evaluation of the dermoscopic images was performed and the results were statistically analyzed.ResultsSixty‐five lesions were included in the study, 22 (33.8%) of them MPD and 43 (66.2%) controls. The most frequent dermoscopic criteria of MPD were white scales (86.4%) and pink structureless areas (81.8%), followed by dotted vessels (72.7%), erosion/ulceration (68.2%) and white shiny lines (63.6%). The multivariate analysis showed that white scales and pink structureless areas were significant predictors of MPD, posing a 68‐fold and a 31‐fold probability of MPD, respectively. Split of the population into pigmented and non‐pigmented lesions showed that in pigmented MPD, pink structureless areas, white lines and grey granules and dots are positive predictors of the disease. Among non‐pigmented lesions, pink structureless areas, white lines, erosion/ulceration and white scales served as predictors of MPD.ConclusionsThe most frequent profile of an individual with MPD is an elderly female with unilateral, asymptomatic, erythematous plaque of the nipple, dermoscopically displaying pink structureless areas, fine white scales, dotted and a few short linear vessels. In case of pigmentation we may also observe brown structureless areas and pigmented granules.LimitationsSmall sample size, retrospective design.
Polymicrobial interactions of Candida albicans and its role in oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Arzmi Mohd Hafiz , Dashper Stuart , McCullough Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe oral microbiome is composed of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity, which are critical components of health and disease. Disruption of the oral microbiome has been proven to influence the course of oral diseases, especially among immunocompromised patients. Oral microbiome is comprised of inter‐kingdom microorganisms, including yeasts such as Candida albicans, bacteria, archaea and viruses. These microorganisms can interact synergistically, mutualistically and antagonistically, wherein the sum of these interactions dictates the composition of the oral microbiome. For instance, polymicrobial interactions can improve the ability of C albicans to form biofilm, which subsequently increases the colonisation of oral mucosa by the yeast. Polymicrobial interactions of C albicans with other members of the oral microbiome have been reported to enhance the malignant phenotype of oral cancer cells, such as the attachment to extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Polymicrobial interactions may also exacerbate an inflammatory response in oral epithelial cells, which may play a role in carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the role of polymicrobial interactions between C albicans and other oral microorganisms, including its role in promoting oral carcinogenesis.