bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filtered finiteness of the image of the unstable Hurewicz homomorphism with applications to bordism of immersions
Authors: Zare Hadi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAfter recent work of Hill, Hopkins and Ravenel on the Kervaire invariant one problem [M. A. Hill, M. J. Hopkins and D. C. Ravenel, On the non-existence of elements of Kervaire invariant one, Ann. Math. (2), 184 (2016), 1–262], as well as Adams’ solution of the Hopf invariant one problem [J. F. Adams, On the non-existence of elements of Hopf invariant one, Ann. Math. (2), 72 (1960), 20–104], an immediate consequence of Curtis conjecture is that the set of spherical classes in H∗Q0S0 is finite. Similarly, Eccles conjecture, when specialized to X=Sn with n> 0, together with Adams’ Hopf invariant one theorem, implies that the set of spherical classes in H∗QSn is finite. We prove a filtered version of the above finiteness properties. We show that if X is an arbitrary CW-complex of finite type such that for some n, HiX≃0 for any i>n, then the image of the composition π∗ΩlΣl+2X→π∗QΣ2X→H∗QΣ2X is finite; the finiteness remains valid if we formally replace X with S−1. As an application, we provide a lower bound on the dimension of the sphere of origin on the potential classes of π∗QSn which are detected by homology. We derive a filtered finiteness property for the image of certain transfer maps ΣdimgBG+→QS0 in homology. As an application to bordism theory, we show that for any codimension k framed immersion f:M↬ℝn+k which extends to an embedding M→ℝd×ℝn+k, if n is very large with respect to d and k then the manifold M as well as its self-intersection manifolds are boundaries. Some results of this paper extend results of Hadi [Spherical classes in some finite loop spaces of spheres. Topol. Appl., 224 (2017), 1–18] and offer corrections to some minor computational mistakes, hence providing corrected upper bounds on the dimension of spherical classes H∗ΩlSn+l. All of our results are obtained at the prime p = 2.
Sir Bernard Crossland CBE. 20 October 1923—17 January 2011
Authors: Burdekin Michael 
Published: November 2018

Bernard Crossland was one of the UK's most eminent engineers and an inspirational figure in his profession. He was a leading expert in materials and structural integrity, applied particularly to thick-walled pressure vessels and explosive welding. After an initial period with Rolls-Royce, his early academic career was at the University of Bristol where he developed his research into strength of thick cylinders under high pressure. He was appointed Professor of Mechanical Engineering and head of that department at Queen's University Belfast in 1959 at the age of 35, and he proceeded to transform both teaching and research in that department over the next 23 years. He continued his research into behaviour of thick-walled pressure vessels and also started research into explosive welding and forming in Belfast.
After his retirement from QUB he was appointed as an expert adviser or expert witness in a number of high-profile disaster inquiries, including the King's Cross Underground fire in 1987, the Bilsthorpe Colliery roof collapse in 1993 and the Ramsgate Ferry walkway collapse in 1994. He took a major part in professional affairs in engineering and was president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1986/87. He was knighted in 1990 for Services to Education and Industry in Northern Ireland and was presented with the Sustained Achievement Award of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2010.
Attention and the motion after effect: New measurements with visual search reveal important individual differences in adaptability
Authors: Morgan Michael J. , Solomon Joshua A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is usually assumed that sensory adaptation is a universal property of human vision. However, in two experiments designed to measure adaptation without bias, we have discovered a minority of participants who were unusual in the extent of their adaptation to motion. One experiment was designed so that targets would be invisible without adaptation; the other, so that adaptation would interfere with target detection. In the first, participants adapted to a spatial array of moving Gabor patches. On each trial the adapting array was followed by a test array in which but all of the test patches except one were identical to their spatially corresponding adaptors; the target moved in the opposite direction to its adaptor. Participants were required to identify the location of the changed target with a mouse click. The ability to do so increased with the number of adapting trials. Neither search speed nor accuracy was affected by an attentionally-demanding conjunction task at the fixation point during adaptation, suggesting low-level (pre-attentive) sites in the visual pathway for the adaptation. However, a minority of participants found the task virtually impossible. In the second experiment the same participants were required to identify the one element in the test array that was slowly moving: reaction times in this case were elevated following adaptation. The putatively weak adapters from the first experiment found this task easier than the strong adapters.
The extracellular association of the bacterium “CandidatusDeianiraea vastatrix” with the ciliateParameciumsuggests an alternative scenario for the evolution ofRickettsiales
Authors: Castelli M. , Sabaneyeva E. , Lanzoni O. , Lebedeva N. , Floriano A.M. , Gaiarsa S. , Benken K. , Modeo L. , Bandi C. , Potekhin A. , Sassera D. , Petroni G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRickettsialesare a lineage of obligatorily intracellularAlphaproteobacteria, encompassing important human pathogens, manipulators of host reproduction, and mutualists. Here we report the discovery of a novelRickettsialesbacterium associated withParamecium, displaying a unique extracellular lifestyle, including the ability to replicate outside host cells. Genomic analyses show that the bacterium possesses a higher capability to synthesize amino acids, compared to all investigatedRickettsiales. Considering these observations, phylogenetic and phylogenomic reconstructions, and re-evaluating the different means of interaction ofRickettsialesbacteria with eukaryotic cells, we propose an alternative scenario for the evolution of intracellularity inRickettsiales. According to our reconstruction, theRickettsialesancestor would have been an extracellular and metabolically versatile bacterium, while obligate intracellularity and genome reduction would have evolved later in parallel and independently in different sub-lineages. The proposed new scenario could impact on the open debate on the lifestyle of the last common ancestor of mitochondria withinAlphaproteobacteria.
High-dimensional mapping of cognition to the brain using voxel-based morphometry and subcortical shape analysis
Authors: Zonneveld Hazel I , Roshchupkin Gennady V , Adams Hieab HH , Gutman Boris A , der Lugt Aad van , Niessen Wiro J , Vernooij Meike W , Ikram M Arfan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is increasingly recognized that the complex functions of human cognition are not accurately represented by arbitrarily-defined anatomical brain regions. Given the considerable functional specialization within such regions, more fine-grained studies of brain structure could capture such localized associations. However, such analyses/studies in a large community-dwelling population are lacking.MethodsIn 3,813 stroke-free and non-demented persons from the Rotterdam Study (mean age 69.1 (±8.8) years; 55.8% women) with cognitive assessments and brain MRI, we performed voxel-based morphometry and subcortical shape analysis on global cognition and separate tests that tapped into memory, information processing speed, fine motor speed, and executive function domains.ResultsWe found that the different cognitive tests significantly associated with grey matter voxels in differential but also overlapping brain regions, primarily in the left hemisphere. Clusters of significantly associated voxels with global cognition were located within multiple anatomic regions: left amygdala, hippocampus, parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, insula and posterior temporal lobe. Subcortical shape analysis revealed associations primarily within the head and tail of the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral part of the thalamus, and nucleus accumbens, more equally distributed among the left and right hemisphere. Within the caudate nucleus both positive (head) as well as negative (tail) associations were observed with global cognition.ConclusionsIn a large population-based sample, we mapped cognitive performance to (sub)cortical grey matter using a hypothesis-free approach with high-dimensional neuroimaging. Leveraging the power of our large sample size, we confirmed well-known associations as well as identified novel brain regions related to cognition.
The devil is in the detail: The role of threat level and intolerance of uncertainty in extinction
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Saldarini Francesco , Reekum Carien M. van 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are associated with disrupted threat extinction. However, it is unknown what maintains the learned threat association in high IU individuals: is it the experienced uncertainty during extinction or the combination of experienced uncertainty with potential threat during extinction? Here we addressed this question by running two independent experiments with uncertain auditory stimuli that varied in threat level (Experiment 1, aversive human scream (n = 30); Experiment 2, benign tone (n = 47) and mildly aversive tone (n = 49)). During the experiments, we recorded skin conductance responses and subjective ratings to the learned cues during acquisition and extinction. In experiment 1, high IU was associated with heightened skin conductance responding to the learned threat vs. safe cue during extinction. In experiment 2, high IU was associated only with larger skin conductance responding to the learned cues with threatening properties during extinction i.e. mildly aversive tone. These findings suggest that uncertainty in combination with threat, even when mild, disrupts extinction in high IU individuals. Such findings help us understand the link between IU and threat extinction, and its relevance to anxiety disorder pathology.
Legionella pneumophila translocated translation inhibitors are required for bacterial-induced host cell cycle arrest
Authors: Sol Asaf , Lipo Erion , de Jesús Dennise A. , Murphy Connor , Devereux Mildred , Isberg Ralph R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe cell cycle machinery controls diverse cellular pathways and is tightly regulated. Misregulation of cell division plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many disease processes. Various microbial pathogens interfere with the cell cycle machinery to promote host cell colonization. Although cell cycle modulation is a common theme among pathogens, the role that this interference plays in promoting diseases is unclear. Previously we demonstrated that the G1 and G2/M phases of the host cell cycle are permissive for Legionella pneumophila replication, while S phase provides a toxic environment for bacterial replication. In this study we show that L. pneumophila avoids host S phase by blocking host DNA synthesis and preventing cell cycle progression into S phase. Cell cycle arrest upon Legionella contact is dependent on the Icm/Dot secretion system. In particular, we found that cell cycle arrest is dependent on the intact enzymatic activity of translocated substrates that inhibits host translation. Moreover, we show that early in infection, the presence of these translation inhibitors is crucial to induce the degradation of the master regulator cyclin D1. Our results demonstrate that the bacterial effectors that inhibit translation are associated with preventing entry of host cells into a phase associated with restriction of L. pneumophila. Furthermore, control of cyclin D1 may be a common strategy used by intracellular pathogens to manipulate the host cell cycle and promote bacterial replication.SignificanceRecently, we showed that host cell cycle regulatory proteins control L. pneumophila growth. In particular, bacterial replication was found to be depressed in S-phase. This indicates that bacterial control of the host cell cycle can limit exposure of the pathogen to antimicrobial events that are cycle-specific. Here we uncovered bacterial factors that induce host cell cycle arrest by inhibiting host protein synthesis and preventing S phase transition. These data are consistent with S-phase toxicity serving as an important antimicrobial response that limits growth of some intracellular pathogens. Moreover, identification of microbial factors that block cell cycle progression and uncovering host cell cycle partners are candidates for future drug development. Our data point to a unifying role of the cell cycle in multiple disease processes.
Systematic discovery of endogenous human ribonucleoprotein complexes
Authors: Mallam Anna L. , Sae-Lee Wisath , Schaub Jeffrey M. , Tu Fan , Battenhouse Anna , Jang Yu Jin , Kim Jonghwan , Wallingford John B. , Finkelstein Ilya J. , Marcotte Edward M. , Drew Kevin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play essential roles in biology and are frequently associated with human disease. While recent studies have systematically identified individual RBPs, their higher order assembly intoRibonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes has not been systematically investigated. Here, we describe a proteomics method for systematic identification of RNP complexes in human cells. We identify 1,428 protein complexes that associate with RNA, indicating that over 20% of known human protein complexes contain RNA. To explore the role of RNA in the assembly of each complex, we identify complexes that dissociate, change composition, or form stable protein-only complexes in the absence of RNA. Importantly, these data also provide specific novel insights into the function of well-studied protein complexes not previously known to associate with RNA, including replication factor C (RFC) and cytokinetic centralspindlin complex. Finally, we use our method to systematically identify cell-type specific RNA-associated proteins in mouse embryonic stem cells. We distribute these data as a resource, rna.MAP (rna.proteincomplexes.org) which provides a comprehensive dataset for the study of RNA-associated protein complexes. Our system thus provides a novel methodology for further explorations across human tissues and disease states, as well as throughout all domains of life.SummaryAn exploration of human protein complexes in the presence and absence of RNA reveals endogenous ribonucleoprotein complexes
Endogenous oxytocin release in periaqueductal gray eases inflammatory pain through long term suppression of pain perception neurons in the spinal cord
Authors: Iwasaki M. , Charlet A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResearch has shown that oxytocin (OT) injection to periaqueductal gray (PAG) eases pain. We hypothesized that OT in PAG may eventually suppress the activity of pain perception neurons inside the spinal cord (SC), then block further aversion signals to the brain. Here, we confirmed that PAG receives OT-ergic axons from the paraventricular nucleus in rats. In PAG, optogenetically triggered axonal OT release evoked excitation in some neurons, and inhibition in others. Of these OT-excited neurons, active neurons alternated between one and the other as time passed, but the number of active neurons at each moment was continuously maintained at the same level at least for 300 s after laser beam stimulation. Further, OT release in PAG reduced pain-induced activity of SC neurons, whose effect reached maximum levels at approximately 220 s after the laser beam stimulation. Interestingly, in rats presented with pain but where OT release was not evoked, a similar time course of SC activity reduction was observed, but the magnitude of reduction was minor. Lastly, OT release in PAG raised the threshold of mechanical pain but not heat pain in inflammation model animals.
Relating evolutionary selection and mutant clonal dynamics in normal epithelia
Authors: Hall Michael W J , Jones Philip H , Hall Benjamin A 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCancer develops from mutated cells in normal tissues. Whether somatic mutations alter normal cell dynamics is key to understanding cancer risk and guiding interventions to reduce it. An analysis of the first incomplete moment of size distributions of clones carrying cancer-associated mutations in normal human eyelid skin gives a good fit with neutral drift, arguing mutations do not affect cell fate. However, this suggestion conflicts with genetic evidence in the same dataset that argues for strong positive selection of a subset of mutations. This implies cells carrying these mutations have a competitive advantage over normal cells, leading to large clonal expansions within the tissue. In normal epithelium, clone growth is constrained by the limited size of the proliferating compartment and competition with surrounding cells. We show that if these factors are taken into account, the first incomplete moment of the clone size distribution is unable to exclude non-neutral behavior. Furthermore, experimental factors can make a non-neutral clone size distribution appear neutral. We validate these principles with a new experimental data set showing that when experiments are appropriately designed, the first incomplete moment can be a useful indicator of non-neutral competition. Finally, we discuss the complex relationship between mutant clone sizes and genetic selection.Significance StatementAging normal epithelial tissues are extensively colonized by clones carrying cancer associated mutations. Insight into the emergence of mutant clones is key to guide cancer prevention. However, the statistical evidence as to whether mutant clones emerge by neutral competition or due to a competitive advantage conferred by mutation is conflicted. We reconcile this apparent contradiction by demonstrating that the previously presented metrics for measuring neutrality from clone sizes are dependent on the spatial constraints imposed by the tissue structure and experimental design. Furthermore, we show that clonal competition within a recently reported dataset of healthy human esophageal tissue is non-neutral. Finally, we discuss how discrepancies between measures of clone size and genetic selection can provide insight into early carcinogenesis.
Human sperm chromatin forms spatially restricted nucleosome domains consistent with programmed nucleosome positioning
Authors: Zhang Mei-Zi , Cao Xiao-Min , Xu Feng-Qin , Liang Xiao-Wei , Fu Long-Long , Sun Fang-Zhen , Huang Xiu-Ying , Huang Wei-Hong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn human sperm, a fraction of its chromatin retains nucleosomes that are positioned on specific sequences containing genes and regulatory units essential for embryonic development. This nucleosome positioning (NP) feature provides an inherited epigenetic mark for sperm. However, it is not known whether there is a structural constraint for these nucleosomes and, if so, how they are localized in a three-dimensional (3D) context of the sperm nucleus. In this study, we examine the 3D organization of sperm chromatin and specifically determine its 3D localization of nucleosomes using structured illumination microscopy. A fraction of the sperm chromatin form nucleosome domains (NDs), visible as microscopic puncta ranging from 40 μm to 700 μm in diameter, and these NDs are precisely localized in the postacrosome region (PAR), outside the sperm’s core chromatin. Further, NDs exist mainly in sperm from fertile men in a pilot survey with a small sample size. Together, this study uncovers a new spatially restricted sub-nuclear structure containing NDs that are consistent with NPs of the sperm, which might represent a novel mark for healthy sperm in human.
Non-cell-autonomous promotion of pluripotency induction mediated by YAP
Authors: Hartman Amaleah , Hu Xiao , Chen Xinyue , Eastman Anna E. , Yang Cindy , Guo Shangqin 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARYWhile Yes-associated protein (YAP) antagonizes pluripotency during early embryogenesis, it has also been shown to promote stemness of multiple stem cell types, including pluripotent stem cells. Whether cellular context underlies these distinct functions of YAP in pluripotency remains unclear. Here, we establish that depending on the specific cells in which it is expressed, YAP exhibits opposing effects on pluripotency induction from somatic cells. Specifically, YAP inhibits pluripotency induction cell-autonomously but promotes it non-cell-autonomously. For its non-cell-autonomous role, YAP alters the expression of many secreted and matricellular proteins including CYR61, which recapitulates the promotional effect when added as a recombinant protein. Thus, we define a unique YAP-driven non-cell-autonomous process that enhances pluripotency induction. Our work highlights the importance of considering the distinct contributions from heterologous cell types in deciphering the mechanism of cell fate control and calls for careful re-examination of the co-existing bystander cells in complex cultures or tissues.
Exploring e-Loyalty Antecedents in B2C e-Commerce
Authors: Faraoni Monica , Rialti Riccardo , Zollo Lamberto , Pellicelli Anna Claudia 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the micro-linkages fostering consumers’ e-loyalty in grocery retailers B2C e-commerce context. Specifically, the authors focused on the neglected role of security, privacy and website design. Grocery retailing has been selected as the context of research because grocery retailers too have been required to develop B2C e-commerce platforms to meet their consumers’ evolving preferences.Design/methodology/approachA survey was distributed to several students from University of Florence (Italy). Structural equation modeling was used to compile the research, and its results reflect the impact on e-loyalty development on specific features of the e-commerce environment.FindingsThe main findings of this research are related with the importance of website characteristics as antecedents of e-loyalty in online grocery retailing.Originality/valueAlbeit the explored phenomenon has been subject to extensive study, some of its facets are yet to be fully explored. In particular, though the influence of e-trust, e-satisfaction and e-commitment on e-loyalty has been shown, little attention has been paid to the factors affecting these three antecedents of e-loyalty. In this regard, this research focuses on the importance of B2C e-commerce platform characteristics such as security, perceived relationship investment and website design. In addition, the phenomenon was scarcely explored in grocery retailers B2C e-commerce context.