bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productive forces and the contradictions of capitalist agriculture: agroecology as a sustainable alternative in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ekumah Bernard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper critiques the assumption that capitalist agriculture inherently develops productive forces, highlighting its internal contradictions and questioning its sustainability as a viable agricultural model. Using immanent critique, the paper engages with the capitalist framework on its own terms to demonstrate how its focus on profit maximisation and short-term productivity leads to long-term ecological degradation, social inequities, and the erosion of essential agroecological knowledge. The focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a region with immense agricultural potential, regarded as the last frontier of capitalist agricultural development and heavily affected by the ecological crises. The paper argues that agroecology offers a sustainable alternative that prioritises social justice, environmental sustainability, and the empowerment of smallholder farmers. Integrating traditional agroecological knowledge with scientific innovation, agroecology challenges the dominant capitalist model, proposing a more just and resilient agricultural system for SSA. It concludes by emphasising the critical role of social movements in driving the transition to agroecology in the region.
Matrix convexity and unitary power dilations of Toeplitz-contractive operator tuples
Authors: Farenick Douglas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing works of T. Ando and L. Gurvits, the well-known theorem of P.R. Halmos concerning the existence of unitary dilations for contractive linear operators acting on Hilbert spaces is recast as a result for d-tuples of contractive Hilbert space operators satisfying a certain matrix-positivity condition. Such operator d-tuples satisfying this matrix-positivity condition are called, herein, Toeplitz-contractive, and a characterisation of the Toeplitz-contractivity condition is presented. The matrix-positivity condition leads to definitions of new distance-measures in several variable operator theory, generalising the notions of norm, numerical radius, and spectral radius to d-tuples of operators (commuting, for the spectral radius) in what appears to be a novel, asymmetric way. Toeplitz contractive operators form a noncommutative convex set, and a scaling constant $$c_d$$

c
d

for inclusions of the minimal and maximal matrix convex sets determined by a stretching of the unit circle $$S^1$$

S
1

across d complex dimensions is shown to exist.
Experimental research on detonation initiation and transition in millimeter-scale planar combustion chambers
Authors: Gao Y. , Yan Y. , Wang Z. , Yang B. , Hu H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo investigate the flame acceleration to detonation in 2.0 and 0.5 mm planar glass combustion chambers, the experiments have been conducted utilising ethylene/oxygen mixtures at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The high-speed camera has been used to record the revolution of flame front and pressure inside the combustion chamber. Different equivalence ratios and ignition locations have been considered in the experiments. The results show that the detonation pressure in the 2 mm thick chamber is nearly three times of Chapman-Jouguet pressure, while detonation pressure in the 0.5 mm thick chamber is only 45.7% of the Chapman-Jouguet value at the stoichiometric mixture. This phenomenon is attributed to the larger pressure loss in the thinner chamber during the detonation propagation. As the value of equivalence ratio is 2.2, the detonation cannot be produced in the 2 mm thick chamber, while the detonation can be generated successfully in the 0.5 mm thick chamber. This phenomenon indicates that the deflagration is easily to be accelerated and transformed into the detonation, due to a larger wall friction and reflection. Besides, the micro-obstacle has been added into the combustor can shorten the detonation transition time and reduces the distance of the detonation transition.
To increase trust in clinical research: Be worthy of trust and enhance the role of clinical research nurses
Authors: Devine Rita K. , Capili Bernadette , Kost Rhonda G. , Krueger James G. , Coller Barry S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There has been an erosion of trust in medical care and clinical research, and this has raised issues about whether institutions and investigators conducting clinical research are worthy of trust. We review recent literature on research on trust and trustworthiness in the clinical research enterprise and identify opportunities to enhance trustworthiness, which will likely increase participant trust in clinical research. In addition, we review materials reporting the results of national polls related to the public’s trust in different occupations. The literature on trustworthiness and trust is complex and suffers from a lack of agreement on definitions of trust and trustworthiness and actions to enhance trustworthiness. Nonetheless, institutions need to take action to address the many elements that contribute to being perceived as trustworthy. As a complementary approach, since nurses have consistently ranked highest on trust by the public for twenty-two straight years, we analyze the features that likely account for the public’s uniform high regard for nurses. We propose specific actions to enhance the role of research nurses in the research enterprise, without compromising their primary role as participant advocates, that we have adopted at Rockefeller University to gain the benefits of the public’s trust in nurses in building trustworthiness.
Effects of n-3 very-long-chain PUFA on bone mineralisation
Authors: Torrissen Martina , Ytteborg Elisabeth , Svensen Harald , Østbye Tone-Kari , Berge Gerd , Reppe Sjur , Krasnov Aleksei , Ruyter Bente 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated whether dietary n-3 very-long-chain PUFA (n-3 VLC-PUFA) could increase skin and bone mineralisation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo and examined their potential effects on human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Atlantic salmon were fed different dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA, and changes in tissue n-3 VLC-PUFA composition, skeletal morphology, skin and bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD) and gene expression patterns were examined. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human foetal osteoblast cells were conducted to investigate the potential influence of n-3 VLC-PUFA supplementation on cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and cytokine expression. The results demonstrated that increasing the dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA increased the mineral content of vertebrae and BMD in salmon, with subtle yet significant impacts on the expression of genes involved in bone-related processes. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed a potential contextual influence of n-3 VLC-PUFA supplementation on gene expression of osteogenic markers and cytokine expression. Our findings indicate for the first time that n-3 VLC-PUFA may influence processes related to bone mineralisation.
Foods provided at shelters during a heavy rain disaster: comparison of weighed food records between different numbers of days
Authors: Sato Hiroka , Sudo Noriko , Nagao-Sato Sayaka , Tsuboyama-Kasaoka Nobuyo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDietitians working at evacuation shelters conduct weighed food records (WFR) for multiple days for dietary assessment. Because the menus in evacuation shelters do not change much from day to day, this study examined whether 1- and 2-d WFR are sufficient for dietary assessment at shelters and identified dietary components that can influence the number of assessment days. Overall, twenty-six WFR were collected from ten shelters in Kumamoto Prefecture, and the amounts of energy; protein; vitamins B1, B2 and C and salt were calculated. Correlation analysis and paired sample tests were conducted to examine significant differences between ‘one- and two-consecutive- or non-consecutive-day WFR’ and ‘three-consecutive-day WFR’, which were set as the standard in this study. Additionally, the (CV for the categories by meal and dish were calculated to examine the variables that affected the large variations. As a result, 1-d WFR had significant positive correlations with the standard; thus, it could be used for the triage of shelters requiring nutrition assistance as a substitute for 3-d WFR. Two-consecutive-day and non-consecutive-day WFR showed a stronger correlation with the standard compared with the 1-d WFR. For energy and nutrients and dish categories, ready-to-eat foods had larger CV than boxed meals or foods from hot meal services. Whenever the meals included ready-to-eat foods, a two-non-consecutive-day WFR is recommended considering large between-day variations. Salty soup or beverages affected the variation of some nutrients. Our result would help municipalities to consider the number of WFR during emergency.
Plingo: A System for Probabilistic Reasoning in Answer Set Programming
Authors: HAHN SUSANA , JANHUNEN TOMI , KAMINSKI ROLAND , ROMERO JAVIER , RÜHLING NICOLAS , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present plingo, an extension of the answer set programming (ASP) system clingo that incorporates various probabilistic reasoning modes. Plingo is based on

$\textit{Lpmln}^{\pm }$

, a simple variant of the probabilistic language Lpmln, which follows a weighted scheme derived from Markov logic. This choice is motivated by the fact that the main probabilistic reasoning modes can be mapped onto enumeration and optimization problems and that

$\textit{Lpmln}^{\pm }$

may serve as a middle-ground formalism connecting to other probabilistic approaches. Plingo offers three alternative frontends, for Lpmln, P-log, and ProbLog. These input languages and reasoning modes are implemented by means of clingo’s multi-shot and theory-solving capabilities. In this way, the core of plingo is an implementation of

$\textit{Lpmln}^{\pm }$

in terms of modern ASP technology. On top of that, plingo implements a new approximation technique based on a recent method for answer set enumeration in the order of optimality. Additionally, in this work, we introduce a novel translation from

$\textit{Lpmln}^{\pm }$

to ProbLog. This leads to a new solving method in plingo where the input program is translated and a ProbLog solver is executed. Our empirical evaluation shows that the different solving approaches of plingo are complementary and that plingo performs similarly to other probabilistic reasoning systems.
A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery: The Elusive E at Delphi
Authors: Pellerin Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere has been no dearth, since Plutarch’s day at least, of erudite theories about what message the E at Apollo’s temple was meant to convey to visitors. Yet no account so far has added up to a truly compelling answer, not for lack of ingenuity, but because the various approaches have tended so strongly towards the sophisticated and artful, rather than the probable. This article will review why the familiar answers are more impressive than convincing, and will propose in their place a much simpler explanation: namely that the E was meant to represent the mysterious itself, reminding pilgrims that they were entering a realm where logos continued to hold sway, to be sure, as the other inscriptions testified, but where the human intellect must leave room for mantic wisdom, and where logical reasoning must be supplemented with contemplation and meditation upon the enigmatic, the hidden, and the ineffable.
Decentralized armed groups: Can they be classified as parties to non-international armed conflicts?
Authors: Vité Sylvain , Gallino Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores the potential classification of decentralized armed groups in non-international armed conflicts (NIACs). Unlike centralized armed groups, decentralized groups consist of fluid alliances of small subunits or cells with loose coordination between them. The central question explored by the authors is whether such groups meet the minimum organizational criterion to be considered parties to an armed conflict under international humanitarian law (IHL). The authors argue that, while not possessing the same chain of command as centralized armed groups, decentralized armed groups can, under certain conditions, nevertheless fulfil the criteria for conflict classification. Judicial precedents and IHL interpretation point to this conclusion where the absence of a centralized command structure within the group can be compensated by the existence of other factors attesting to the group's organization, such as the exercise of operational command over armed subunits, with the intensity of violence being an additional element suggesting the overall organization of the group. Ultimately, this interpretation would ensure the applicability of a legal framework that would better reflect the intensity of armed confrontations on the ground, and bind both States and non-State parties to a NIAC alike.
Auriferous Fluid Evolution and the Role of Carbonaceous Matter in a Saddle‐Reef Gold Deposit: Dufferin Deposit, Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Kerr Mitchell J. , Hanley Jacob J. , Kontak Daniel J. , Ramlochund Preetysha , Zajacz Zoltán 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe metaturbidite‐hosted, ∼380 Ma Dufferin gold deposit, Meguma terrane, northeastern Appalachian Orogen (Nova Scotia, Canada) is an orogenic gold deposit with mineralized saddle reef‐type quartz veins hosted by metasandstones and black slates in a tightly folded anticline. Together with native gold inclusions, genetically related hydrothermal carbonaceous material (CM) in veins occurs as pyrobitumen in cavities and along fractures/grain boundaries proximal to vein contacts and wallrock fragments. Integrating several microanalytical methods we document the precipitation of gold via coupled fluid‐fO2 reduction (via interaction with CM) and pH increase. These changes in fluid chemistry destabilized gold bisulfide complexes, leading to efficient Au precipitation from a gold‐undersaturated (0.045 ± 0.024 ppm Au; 1σ; n = 58 fluid inclusions) aqueous‐carbonic fluid (H2O‐NaCl‐CO2 ± N2 ± CH4). The proposed mineralization mechanism is supported by: (a) a complementary decrease in Au and redox‐sensitive semimetals (As, Sb), and increase in wall rock‐derived elements (i.e., Mg, K, Ca, Sr, Fe) concentrations in fluid inclusions with time; (b) a corresponding decrease in the XCO2, consistent with CO2 removal via reduction/respeciation and late carbonate precipitation; and (c) gold embedding in, or on, the surface of CM inside mineralized cavities and fractures. Despite mineralizing fluids transporting low concentrations of Au far from saturation, precipitation of gold was locally evidently high where such fluids interacted with CM, contributing to the overall gold endowment of Meguma deposits. This work re‐emphasizes CM as a potential prerequisite for efficient gold precipitation within the overall genetic model for similar orogenic metasedimentary settings globally where the presence and/or role of CM has been documented.
Growing Threat of Tropical Cyclone Disasters in Inland Areas of East China
Authors: Yan Feng , Shan Kaiyue , Zhao Haikun , Yu Xiping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) pose a substantial threat to human life and property, with China being among the most affected countries. In this study, a significant increasing trend is detected for TC destructiveness, primarily measured by precipitation, and for TC‐induced damage, measured by direct economic losses (DELs), in the inland areas of East China. In contrast, a similar trend cannot be observed in the coastal regions. The rapid increase of TC‐induced damage in the inland areas of East China is directly related to an increase of the annual number of disastrous TCs, which is a result of the increased TC landfall frequency and the increased TC decay timescale after landfall. The increase in specific humidity, soil moisture, and the decrease in vertical wind shear in East China favor the survival of TCs inland. Our results highlight the significance of TC disaster prevention in the inland regions.
Statistics of Higher Harmonics SRS at Low Latitude Station, Shillong
Authors: Adhitya P. , Bulusu Jayashree , Nosé Masahito , Vichare Geeta , Dimri A. P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis is the first statistical ground investigation of unique low latitude Spectral Resonance Structures (SRS) that increase beyond , crossing the fundamental Schumann resonance at few occurrences. The study is carried out using high resolution magnetic field variation data obtained from induction coil magnetometer (ICM) installed at very low latitude Indian station, Shillong ( geographic latitude, geographic longitude, ) for the duration 2013–2018. This study focuses on the characteristics of SRS whose harmonic frequencies reach and above. The study reveals that the occurrence of SRS events above is higher in winter as compared to summer, also the occurrence is higher during low solar activity period as compared to period of solar maximum. It is seen that both the cavities, viz. Ionospheric Alfven Resonator (IAR) and Magnetospheric Alfven Resonator (MAR) support such SRS and have their respective quality factor (Q‐factor). The seasonal variability of the Q‐factor of these cavities also shows a trend similar to the occurrence, with higher values of Q‐factor during winter as compared to summer. Dependence of SRS events on parameters such as height of the IAR cavity, ion mass density, conductivities, which affects the Q‐factor reveals that IAR above is supported by a larger height of the cavity with very low ion densities. On the other hand, the MAR cavity efficiency is higher when the Alfven wave conductance is much larger than the Pedersen conductivity.
Impact of Interplanetary Magnetic Field By on Subauroral Polarization Streams at Dawn and Dusk
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Hui , Zhang Kedeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study uses 8 years of DMSP data to examine how the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By influences the strength and latitude of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), alongside field‐aligned currents (FACs). Significant local time, seasonal, and hemispheric differences are observed. At dusk, R1 (Region 1) FACs are found poleward and R2 (Region 2) FACs equatorward of peak SAPS; at dawn, SAPS are positioned equatorward of upward R2 FACs. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), SAPS are stronger under IMF By > 0 at dusk, while in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), SAPS are stronger under IMF By < 0. Dawnside SAPS tends to be stronger under IMF By < 0. Duskside R1 FACs are stronger under IMF By < 0, with seasonal variations in R2 FACs, whereas dawnside R2 FACs prefer IMF By > 0. SAPS latitudes vary seasonally with IMF By polarity, showing more poleward SH SAPS under IMF By > 0. Ionospheric upflows exhibit similar IMF By polarity dependence as SAPS at dusk, but this influence diminishes at dawn. Model simulations underscore how IMF By affects SAPS dynamics through FACs and conductivity gradients, highlighting larger NH (SH) SAPS under positive IMF By at dusk (dawn) compared to its SH (NH) counterpart.
A Novel Determination of the Foreshock ULF Boundary: Statistical Approach
Authors: Salohub A. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Pi G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe location and spatial extent of the region populated by the foreshock waves depend on the IMF orientation. We performed a systematic statistical study of wave activity in the frequency range of Hz observed during an initial phase of the THEMIS mission. Wave activity is quantified by standard deviations of the IMF magnitude and its components over 10‐min intervals. We apply the foreshock coordinate system defined as the angle between the bow shock normal and upstream magnetic field vectors and the distance from the spacecraft to bow shock along the magnetic field line. We have found that the Ultra‐low Frequency (ULF) foreshock boundary (a) is well defined in these coordinates, (b) it tends to shift outward with an increasing solar wind bulk speed, and (c) with an increasing Mach number. However, the change of the fluctuation level in the foreshock is not uniform because the increasing solar wind bulk speed enhances the fluctuation level mainly in a close proximity of the bow shock whereas the increasing Mach number leads to an intensification of fluctuation levels at the foreshock boundary.
Refraction of ELF Electromagnetic Waves by the Ionospheric Gradients at the Day/Night Terminator Measured at the Hylaty Station
Authors: Ostrowski M. , Gołkowski M. , Kubisz J. , Michalec A. , Mlynarczyk J. , Nieckarz Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe perform azimuth time tracking of multiple thunderstorm centers on the globe, which are sources of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves propagating in the spherical Earth‐ionosphere cavity. For observations made in September 2023 we identify azimuths of numerous global emission centers using our data sampled at 3 kHz at the Hylaty station in Poland. We confirm significant and relatively regular thunderstorm azimuth variation during the solar terminator passage over the observation site. The magnitude and duration of the azimuth deviations depend on the observed azimuths but are also varying between successive days and changing detailed thunderstorm activity patterns. The measured maximum positive (preferentially at the sunrise time) and negative (preferentially at the sunset time) azimuth deviations reach even above 20 for waves propagating close to the terminator. We discovered also particular composite deviation structures, with the negative azimuth deviation directly preceding a larger positive one, sometimes occurring near the morning terminator passage 100 km above the surface. It is possibly the first detection of the ELF equivalent of the “greyline” transmission known in the HF radio propagation. At azimuths distant from the terminator one can observe decreasing of the regular deviation magnitude and occasionally lower magnitude deviations with opposite sign. The variations between successive days are expected to result from varying thunderstorm activity on Earth as well variability of ionospheric parameters, in particular of ionization gradients and nonuniformities occurring along the terminator. We postulate that the observed deviations result from a signal refraction at the varying ionospheric gradients.