bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O , Auta Asa , Khanal Vishnu , Tapshak Samson J , Zhao Yun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with caesarean delivery in Nigeria.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the nationally representative 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. We carried out frequency tabulation, χ2test, simple logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to achieve the study objective.SettingNigeria.ParticipantsA total of 31 171 most recent live deliveries for women aged 15–49 years (mother–child pair) in the 5 years preceding the 2013 NDHS was included in this study.Outcome measureCaesarean mode of delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of caesarean section (CS) was 2.1% (95% CI 1.8 to 2.3) in Nigeria. At the region level, the South-West had the highest prevalence of 4.7%. Factors associated with increased odds of CS were urban residence (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97), maternal age ≥35 years (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.11), large birth size (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74) and multiple births (AOR: 4.96, 95% CI 2.84 to 8.62). Greater odds of CS were equally associated with maternal obesity (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI 2.30 to 4.32), Christianity (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.68), birth order of one (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI 2.66 to 5.56), husband’s secondary/higher education level (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.33), health insurance coverage (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.95) and ≥4 antenatal visits (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CS was low, indicating unmet needs in the use of caesarean delivery in Nigeria. Rural–urban, regional and socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting inequitable access to the obstetric surgery. Intervention efforts need to prioritise women living in rural areas, the North-East and the North-West regions, as well as women of the Islamic faith.
Guidelines on the intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells: a protocol for systematic review
Authors: Baker Laura , Park Lily , Gilbert Richard , Martel Andre , Ahn Hilalion , Davies Alexandra , McIsaac Daniel I , Saidenberg Elianna , Tinmouth Alan , Fergusson Dean A , Martel Guillaume 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionA significant proportion of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are administered intraoperatively; yet there is limited evidence to guide transfusion decisions in this setting. The objective of this systematic review is to explore the availability, quality and content of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) reporting on the indication for allogenic RBC transfusion during surgery.MethodsMajor electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL), guideline clearinghouses and Google Scholar, will be systematically searched from inception to January 2019 for CPGs pertaining to indications for intraoperative allogenic RBC transfusion. Characteristics of eligible guidelines will be reported in a summary table. The AGREE II instrument will be used to appraise the quality of identified guidelines. Recommendations advising on indications for intraoperative RBC transfusion will be manually extracted and presented to allow for comparison of similarities and/or discrepancies in the literature.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this systematic review will be disseminated through relevant conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberCRD42018111487
General dental practitioners’ perceptions of, and attitudes towards, improving patient safety through a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): a qualitative study in the North East of England
Authors: Sturrock Andrew , Preshaw Philip M , Hayes Catherine , Wilkes Scott 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo explore general dental practitioners’ (GDPs’) perceptions of, and attitudes towards, the risks of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and the current/potential multidisciplinary approach(es) to prevention of the condition.DesignInterpretivist methodology using a grounded theory approach and constant comparative analysis to undertake an iterative series of semistructured interviews. Ritchie and Spencer’s framework analysis facilitated the identification and prioritisation of salient themes.SettingPrimary care general dental practices in the North East of England.Participants15 GDPs.ResultsGDPs are aware of the risk of MRONJ with commonly implicated medicines; however, they report limited collaboration between professional groups in person-centred avoidance of complications, which is a key requirement of the preventive advice recommended in extant literature. Four salient and inter-related themes emerged: (1) perception of knowledge; indicating the awareness of the risk, limited knowledge of implicated medications and experience of managing the condition; (2) risk; indicating the importance of accurate medication histories, the treatment of low risk patients in primary dental care, counselling of poorly informed patients, the fear of litigation and perceived low priority of oral health in the context of general health and well-being; (3) access and isolation; referring to access to general medical records, professional isolation and somewhat limited and challenging professional collaborative relationships; (4) interprofessional working; indicating oral health education of other professional groups, collaboration and communication, and a focus on preventive care.ConclusionsPatients continue to be at risk of developing MRONJ due to limited preventive interventions and relatively disparate contexts of multidisciplinary team healthcare. Effective collaboration, education and access to shared medical records could potentially improve patient safety and reduce the potential risk of developing MRONJ.
Psychophysiological modifications in an assault infantry manoeuvre using a chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear personal protective equipment
Authors: Merchan Alejandro , Clemente-Suárez V J 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe study of the psychophysiological response during combat actions has been poorly researched despite its importance for warfighter training and specific instruction. The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the effect of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear personal protective equipment (PPE) on the psychophysiological response, mechanical and physical load and fine motor skills of professional soldiers in an endurance infantry manoeuvre.Methods16 soldiers conducted an assault manoeuvre with and without the PEE in separate days. We analysed before and after the manoeuvre the psychophysiological response, fine motor skills, shooting test accuracy and anxiety state.ResultsThe use of PPE produced significantly higher (p<0.05) stress, fatigue, temperature, HR, somatic anxiety and time in middle and high HR zones and significantly lower values in speed average and maximum speed. These findings can be used to improve the training and specific instruction for professionals who require the use of PPE equipment.ConclusionThe use of the PPE suit in an assault manoeuvre produces a decrease in the speed of movement, an increase in HR, body temperature, somatic anxiety and subjective perception of effort.
Respect your elders: effects of ageing on intracranial pressure monitor use in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Schupper Alexander J , Berndtson Allison E , Smith Alan , Godat Laura , Costantini Todd W 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe Brain Trauma Foundation recommends intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor placement for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adherence with these guidelines in elderly patients is unknown. We hypothesized that disparities in ICP monitor placement would exist based on patient age.MethodsUsing the National Trauma Data Bank (2010–2014), we identified patients admitted for blunt TBI with admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 3–8. Patients were excluded if they had a non-Head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥3, hospital length of stay <24 hours or were discharged from the emergency department. Demographic data, ICP monitor placement, GCS, AIS-Head, Injury Severity Score, and outcome measures were collected. Propensity score matching between ICP monitor and non-ICP monitor patients was used for logistic regression and Cox multivariate regression analyses.ResultsOf the 30 710 patients with blunt TBI with GCS scores of 3–8 included in our study, 4093 were treated with an ICP monitor. ICP monitor placement rates significantly decreased with increasing age. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that patients treated with an ICP monitor were more likely to be younger, male, have private/commercial insurance, and receive care at an institution with three or more neurosurgeons.ConclusionPatients ≥65 years of age with severe blunt TBI are less likely to be treated with an ICP monitor than younger patients. Age disparities in adherence to Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines may alter the outcomes for patients with severe TBI.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
When will car owners abandon car driving? Analysis based on a survey of the parking experiences of people in Changsha, China
Authors: Pan Shuangli , Liang Zuli , Chen Qun 
Published: June 2019

An appropriate parking supply in cities should not only satisfy car travel demands but also restrict the number of car trips to reduce congestion and carbon emissions on road networks. This paper analyzes when car owners will abandon car driving based on a survey of the parking experiences of people in Changsha, China. The results indicate that car owners are most likely to abandon driving when the total time expenditure (including the search time and walking time) exceeds 20 min or the walking distance between a car park and a destination exceeds 400 m. In addition, car owners’ decisions regarding different trip purposes (commuting, business, hospital trips, shopping and entertainment activities) are compared. Multinomial logistic regression models and correspondence analysis methods are applied to identify the factors influencing car owners’ decisions. The results show that public transport and the parking pricing level near work places have a substantial impact on people’s decisions: people will more readily abandon driving when the travel time of public transit decreases; age, occupation and annual household income have a significant influence on people’s parking condition preferences for business trips and trips to hospitals; and the factor that primarily influences the mode choice for shopping and entertainment trips is annual household income. The outcome of this study can provide a basis for determining the optimal parking supply level and facilitate the realization of sustainable transportation.
Theoretical investigation on the interaction between groups in LAP crystal and its linear optical properties
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiao Meixia , Tu Bingtian 
Published: June 2019

LAP crystal is an excellent nonlinear optical material and it has some unexplained specificities, which makes the interaction between groups in molecule received much attention. In this paper, the first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the intergroup interactions by the electronic structure and optical properties of LAP crystal. The energy gap of LAP crystal is 5.02 eV, indicating that the electronic transition is easier than KDP crystal. The strong electronic interaction between the carboxyl, phosphate and guanidine groups is found. In addition, since the LAP molecule has the greatest dipole in [010] direction and the electronic transitions are most likely to occur between the carboxyl group, phosphate and guanidine groups located on both ends of the molecule along [010] direction, the LAP crystal shows specific optical properties in this direction. The results reveal the correlations between the optical properties and the intergroup interactions of LAP crystal.
Chromosome 12p Amplification in Triple-Negative/BRCA1-Mutated Breast Cancer Associates with Emergence of Docetaxel Resistance and Carboplatin Sensitivity
Authors: Gómez-Miragaya Jorge , Díaz-Navarro Ander , Tonda Raul , Beltran Sergi , Palomero Luis , Palafox Marta , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Huang Chen , Vasaikar Suhas , Zhang Bing , Wulf Gerburg M. , Collado-Sole Alejandro , Trinidad Eva M. , Muñoz Purificación , Paré Laia , Prat Aleix , Bruna Alejandra , Caldas Carlos , Arribas Joaquín , Soler-Monso María Teresa , Petit Anna , Balmaña Judith , Cruz Cristina , Serra Violeta , Pujana Miguel Angel , Lewis Michael T. , Puente Xose S. , González-Suárez Eva 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Taxanes are the mainstay of treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with de novo and acquired resistance limiting patient's survival. To investigate the genetic basis of docetaxel resistance in TNBC, exome sequencing was performed on matched TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) sensitive to docetaxel and their counterparts that developed resistance in vivo upon continuous drug exposure. Most mutations, small insertions/deletions, and copy number alterations detected in the initial TNBC human metastatic samples were maintained after serial passages in mice and emergence of resistance. We identified a chromosomal amplification of chr12p in a human BRCA1-mutated metastatic sample and the derived chemoresistant PDX, but not in the matched docetaxel-sensitive PDX tumor. Chr12p amplification was validated in a second pair of docetaxel-sensitive/resistant BRCA1-mutated PDXs and after short-term docetaxel treatment in several TNBC/BRCA1-mutated PDXs and cell lines, as well as during metastatic recurrence in a patient with BRCA1-mutated breast cancer who had progressed on docetaxel treatment. Analysis of clinical data indicates an association between chr12p amplification and patients with TNBC/basal-like breast cancer, a BRCA1 mutational signature, and poor survival after chemotherapy. Detection of chr12p amplification in a cohort of TNBC PDX models was associated with an improved response to carboplatin. Our findings reveal tumor clonal dynamics during chemotherapy treatments and suggest that a preexisting population harboring chr12p amplification is associated with the emergence of docetaxel resistance and carboplatin responsiveness in TNBC/BRCA1-mutated tumors.

Significance:
Chr12p copy number gains indicate rapid emergence of resistance to docetaxel and increased sensitivity to carboplatin, therefore sequential docetaxel/carboplatin treatment could improve survival in TNBC/BRCA1 patients.
Antibody-Based Delivery of Cytokine Payloads to Carbonic Anhydrase IX Leads to Cancer Cures in Immunocompetent Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Ziffels Barbara , Stringhini Marco , Probst Philipp , Fugmann Tim , Sturm Theo , Neri Dario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntibody–cytokine fusion proteins can have the potential to increase the density and activity of subsets of leukocytes within the tumor mass. Here, we describe the design, production, and characterization of four novel antibody–cytokine fusion proteins directed against human carbonic anhydrase IX, a highly validated marker of hypoxia that is overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and other malignancies. As immunomodulatory payloads we used TNF, IL2, IFNα2 (corresponding to products that are in clinical use), and IL12 (as this cytokine potently activates T cells and NK cells). Therapy experiments were performed in BALB/c mice, bearing CT26 tumors transfected with human carbonic anhydrase IX, in order to assess the performance of the fusion proteins in an immunocompetent setting. The biopharmaceuticals featuring TNF, IL2, or IL12 as payloads cured all mice in their therapy groups, whereas only a subset of mice was cured by the antibody-based delivery of IFNα2. Although the antibody fusion with TNF mediated a rapid hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor mass, a slower regression of the neoplastic lesions (which continued after the last injection) was observed with the other fusion proteins, and treated mice acquired protective anticancer immunity. A high proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was specific to the retroviral antigen AH1; however, the LGPGREYRAL peptide derived from human carbonic anhydrase IX was also present on tumor cells. The results described herein provide a rationale for the clinical use of fully human antibody–cytokine fusions specific to carbonic anhydrase IX.
Petrologia e geocronologia do Batólito Rio Jacaré, Domínio Poço Redondo, Sistema Orogênico Sergipano, NE do Brasil
Authors: Sousa Carlos Santana , Soares Hiakan Santos , Rosa Maria De Lourdes da Silva , Conceição Herbet 
Published: June 2019

O Batólito Rio Jacaré (BRJ) (167 km2), localizado no sul do Domínio Poço Redondo (DPR), Sistema Orogênico Sergipano (SOS), é um corpo intrusivo com frequente foliação magmática e onde não se observa deformação no estado sólido. As rochas do BRJ têm composições monzogranítica, granodiorítica e quartzo monzonítica, cor cinza, granulação média a grossa e texturas inequigranular e porfirítica. Enclaves máficos microgranulares (EMM) são abundantes, têm composições diorítica e granodiorítica, e preservam feições de mingling e mixing. Os EMM apresentam cor cinza-escura, tamanhos de até 2 m e granulação fina. As rochas do BRJ e os enclaves têm mineralogia similar. Os minerais máficos são biotita, hornblenda e óxidos de ferro-titânio. Os plagioclásios (andesina e oligoclásio) exibem zoneamentos composicionais múltiplos, dominantemente normais, indicando existência de fracionamento magmático. O feldspato alcalino (ortoclásio e microclina) tem composição de Or75-98-Ab25-2. A biotita (0,3 < Fe/(Fe + Mg) < 0,6) é magmática e apresenta-se reequilibrada. A Mg-hornblenda e edenita magmáticas cristalizaram sob condições de alta fO2, a profundidade máxima de 25 km e temperatura de 826,3ºC. Os dados geoquímicos indicam que as rochas do BRJ são magnesianas, metaluminosas e exibem afinidades com as séries calcioalcalina de alto K a álcali-cálcica, e os enclaves são shoshoníticos. As razões [La/Yb]N (13–133) e as anomalias negativas de Eu evidenciam alto grau de fracionamento. O BRJ é ediacarano e possui idade de cristalização U-PbSHRIMP de 617 ± 4 Ma. Os baixos conteúdos de Ta, Nb, Ti e P, e moderados de Y, Nb e Rb dessas rochas indicam magmas formados em ambiente orogênico pós-colisional.
Effectiveness and Safety of Contemporary Oral Anticoagulants Among Asians With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Kwon Soonil , Han Kyung-Do , Jung Jin-Hyung , Cha Myung-Jin , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness and safety of warfarin and all 4 available non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) from current clinical practice in the Asian population with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of warfarin and 4 NOACs.

Methods—
We studied a retrospective nonrandomized observational cohort of oral anticoagulant naïve nonvalvular patients with atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin or NOACs (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, or edoxaban) from January 2015 to December 2017, based on the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. For the comparisons, warfarin to 4 NOACs and NOAC to NOAC comparison cohorts were balanced using the inverse probability of treatment weighting. Ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, and a composite clinical outcome were evaluated.

Results—
A total of 116 804 patients were included (25 420 with warfarin, 35 965 with rivaroxaban, 17 745 with dabigatran, 22 177 with apixaban, and 15 496 with edoxaban). Compared with warfarin, all NOACs were associated with lower risks of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, and composite outcome. Apixaban and edoxaban showed a lower rate of ischemic stroke compared with rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Apixaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban had a lower rate of gastrointestinal bleeding and major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban. The composite clinical outcome was nonsignificantly different for apixaban versus edoxaban.

Conclusions—
In this large contemporary nonrandomized Asian cohort, all 4 NOACs were associated with lower rates of ischemic stroke and major bleeding compared with warfarin. Differences in clinical outcomes between NOACs may give useful guidance for physicians to choose drugs to fit their particular patient clinical profile.
The Liberation of G-D: Helène Aylon’s Jewish Feminist Art
Authors: Sperber David 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Helène Aylon (b. 1931) is among the first generation of feminist artists who identified and challenged traditional patriarchal and misogynist readings of ancient religious texts. This article analyzes the discourse and examines the reception of Aylon’s work The Liberation of G-d (1990–1996) within the Jewish art world and the American Conservative Jewish community, and her contribution to these two diverse audiences. Despite the work’s confrontation with tradition, some rabbis from the Conservative movement played a significant role in the acceptance of the work and its exhibition in the Jewish Museum in New York and other Jewish institutions. However, they reduced its radicalism, reframing the work as a Midrashic interpretation (a form of traditional rabbinic commentary) that operates within the framework and rules that delineate the traditional Jewish interpretive community. This article analyzes how the rabbis tamed the artist’s activist and critical work. I argue that Aylon challenges the Jewish community with a radical feminist discourse that is often omitted from the dominant discourse of the traditional Jewish community. By analyzing the engagements with and reception of Aylon’s work within the Jewish art world and the Jewish Conservative community, I demonstrate how the artist seeks real social engagement that reaches beyond the walls of the museum, challenging the structures of religious patriarchy while engaging in a dialogue with its representatives.
Multisensory Integration Is Modulated by Auditory Sound Frequency and Visual Spatial Frequency
Authors: Green Jessica J. , Pierce Allison M. , Mac Adams Spencer L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Accurate integration of auditory and visual information is essential for our ability to communicate with others. Previous studies have shown that the temporal discrepancies over which audiovisual speech stimuli will be integrated into a coherent percept are much wider than those typically observed for simple stimuli like beeps and flashes of light. However, our sensitivity to the low-level features of simple stimuli is not constant. We hypothesized that part of the enhanced integration of audiovisual speech may be due to it consisting predominantly of the sound frequencies and visual spatial frequencies that humans are most sensitive to. Here, we examined integration behaviors for pure tones across the sound frequency spectrum and visual gratings across the spatial frequency spectrum to examine how these low-level features modulate integration. The temporal window of integration was modulated by both sound frequency and visual spatial frequency, with the widest integration window occurring when both stimuli fell within their respective peak sensitivity ranges. These results suggest that part of the increased tolerance for temporal asynchrony typically observed for audiovisual speech may be due to the differential integration of low-level stimulus features that are dominant within complex audiovisual speech.