bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallstone Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Fairfield Cameron J. , Wigmore Stephen J. , Harrison Ewen M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGallstone disease (GD) is one of the most common presentations to surgical units worldwide and shares several risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD remains the most common cause of death worldwide and results in considerable economic burden. Recent observational studies have demonstrated an association between GD and CVD with some studies demonstrating a stronger association with cholecystectomy. We present the findings of a meta-analysis assessing the relationship between GD and CVD. A total of fourteen cohort studies with over 1.2 million participants were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for association with GD from a random-effects model is 1.23 (95%CI: 1.16–1.30) for fatal and non-fatal CVD events. The association was present in females and males. Three studies report the relationship between cholecystectomy and CVD with a pooled HR of 1.41 (95%CI: 1.21–1.64) which compares to a HR of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.07–1.58) when cholecystectomy is excluded although confounding may influence this result. Our meta-analysis demonstrates a significant relationship between GD and CVD events which is present in both sexes. Further research is needed to assess the influence of cholecystectomy on this association.
Royal jelly attenuates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in male mice
Authors: Almeer Rafa S. , AlBasher Gadah I. , Alarifi Saud , Alkahtani Saad , Ali Daoud , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCadmium exposure induces nephrotoxicity by mediating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effect of royal jelly on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male mice were distributed randomly into 4 clusters: untreated, royal jelly-treated (85 mg/kg, oral), CdCl2-treated (6.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and pretreated with royal jelly (85 mg/kg) 2 h before CdCl2 injection (6.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for seven consecutive days. Cd concentration in the renal tissue and absolute kidney weight of the Cd-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control group. The levels of kidney function markers, kidney injury molecules-1 (KIM-1), metallothionein, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and the apoptosis regulators Bax and caspases-3 also increased significantly in the renal tissue of Cd-treated mice, whereas the levels of glutathione, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 were significantly reduced in the renal tissue of Cd-treated group. Histopathological studies showed vacuolation and congested glomeruli in the kidney tissue of Cd-treated mice. However, all aforementioned Cd-induced changes were attenuated by pretreatment with royal jelly. We therefore concluded that royal jelly attenuated Cd-induced nephrotoxicity and it is suggested that this nephroprotective effect could be linked to its ability to promote the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway.
Genome editing for blood disorders: state of the art and recent advances
Authors: Romito Marianna , Rai Rajeev , Thrasher Adrian J. , Cavazza Alessia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in the use of gene editing to precisely engineer the genome. This technology relies on the activity of a wide range of nuclease platforms — such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the CRISPR–Cas system — that can cleave and repair specific DNA regions, providing a unique and flexible tool to study gene function and correct disease-causing mutations. Preclinical studies using gene editing to tackle genetic and infectious diseases have highlighted the therapeutic potential of this technology. This review summarizes the progresses made towards the development of gene editing tools for the treatment of haematological disorders and the hurdles that need to be overcome to achieve clinical success.
Efficacy of palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Bohle Wolfram , Pachlhofer Amelie , Zoller Wolfram 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background The number of old patients suffering from colorectal cancer rises. In clinical trials, old patients are underrepresented, and chemotherapy is significantly less often performed in elderly patients. We analyzed the impact of elder age for palliative chemotherapy in patients suffering from metastatic colorectal cancer, according to therapeutic drugs used, intensity of treatment performed, and therapeutic results.
Materials and methods We analyzed consecutive patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated in palliative intention in our department. Assessed data included age (</> 75 years), sex, comorbidity, site of primary tumor, k-ras-status, site and amount of metastasis, number and kind of chemotherapeutic agents used, number of consecutive therapy lines performed, dose intensity, toxicity, time between start and end of palliative chemotherapy, and overall survival. Prognostic variables were tested in uni- and multivariate analysis.
Results Ninety-seven patients (69 < 75, 18 > 75 years) were included. Age groups were well balanced according to site of primary tumor, k-ras-mutational status, localization, and number of metastatic sites. Cardial and renal comorbidity was more frequent in elderly patients. The median number of chemotherapeutic drugs used and lines of therapy performed did not differ between age groups, except of oxaliplatin, which was significantly less often used in old patients. Median survival did not differ between age groups (23.4 vs. 23.5 months). In multivariate analysis, only left-sided primary tumor and more than 3 lines of therapy performed were prognostic positive variables.
Conclusion Old patients can profit from palliative chemotherapy to the same extent as younger ones.
Vibrotactile Feedback During Physical Exercise: Perception of Vibrotactile Cues in Cycling
Authors: Peeters Thomas , van Breda Eric , Saeys Wim , Schaerlaken Evi , Vleugels Jochen , Truijen Steven , Verwulgen Stijn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the perception of vibrotactile signals during physical exercise by comparing differences in recognition between stationary and cycling positions. The impact of physical exercise on the ability to perceive vibrotactile cues is unknown, whereas the recognition in stationary position has been shown previously. Vibrating elements were positioned at 3 locations on the thighs and spine of 9 athletes to apply various vibrotactile cues. Subjects performed at 0, 50, 70 and 90% of their maximal cycling power output and denoted the interpretation of the vibration signals on a touchscreen. The results show a similarity in correct recognition between stationary position and physical exercise for the thighs and spine (p>0.1) and demonstrate a decrease in response time for 70 and 90% levels of physical exercise compared to 0 and 50% (p<0.001). Furthermore, vibrotactile signals at the spine are noticed more accurately and more rapidly compared to the thighs (p<0.01). These results suggest that vibrotactile feedback also has potential in applications during physical exercise. The potential use of vibrotactile feedback can be in cycling for, among other, correcting the aerodynamic position. Applications in other sports and health-related domains are feasible as well.
Kopf- und Halstumore: langfristige Behandlungsfolgen
belasten Patienten
Authors: Schneider Gerlind 
Published: April 2019

Nilsen ML et al. Burden of treatment: Reported outcomes in a head and neck cancer
survivorship clinic. Laryngoscope 2019; doi: 10.1002/lary.27801
Mit der Intensivierung und Anwendung der multimodalen Behandlung haben die
akuten Toxizitäten zugenommen, jedoch ist die Häufigkeit der
Behandlungsfolgen bei Langzeit-Überlebenden von Kopf- und Halstumoren (HNC)
nur unzureichend beschrieben. Daher wurde im Rahmen einer
Querschnittsanalyse Prävalenz und Prädiktoren der von Patienten gemeldeten
späten und langfristigen Behandlungsfolgen von HNC-Überlebenden
bestimmt.
Intensivtherapie im Terminal – mobile Blutgasanalyse bei der Reanimation
Authors: Sroka Michael , Czerwonka Holger , Lauer Daniel 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Case Report diskutiert die vorgezogene Intensivtherapie in einem Flughafenterminal. Während einer Reanimation kommt eine mobile Blutgasanalyse zum Einsatz und ermöglich so die zielgerichtete Behandlung „reversibler Ursachen“ vor Ort.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Successful Palliation of Absent Aortic Valve with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Qasim Amna , Johnson Chelsea , Aly Muhammad , Aly Ashraf 
Published: April 2019

Introduction Congenital absence of the aortic valve leaflets is a rare association with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).
Case A 37-year-old pregnant woman was referred for fetal evaluation of possible HLHS at 22 weeks of gestation. The fetal echocardiogram (ECHO) was remarkable for a hypoplastic left atrium, nearly atretic mitral valve, small left ventricle, and a hypoplastic aortic valve with severe aortic insufficiency. A female infant was born at term and postnatal ECHO confirmed the above findings. In addition, there was complete absence of the aortic valve leaflets. The patient underwent Norwood's procedure at day 5 of life with atrial septectomy, over-sewing of the aortic valve annulus, and a 4 mm Sano's shunt between the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery. She tolerated this surgery well and subsequently underwent a bidirectional Glenn's procedure at 8 months of life.
Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of absent aortic valve should be suspected in the presence of severe aortic insufficiency in the fetal ECHO. Early postnatal intervention is critical as those patients are likely to deteriorate quickly. The over-sewing of the aortic valve may be important to prevent coronary steal and myocardial hypoperfusion which could potentially be detrimental.
Pentalogy of Cantrell in Full Term Neonate
Authors: Taee Nadereh , Goodarzi Mojgan , Safdari Mohammad , Bajelan Amir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is an uncommon congenital disorder characterized by severe defects in the chest and abdomen, including abdominal visceral prolapsed via umbilical cord (omphalocele), defect in the lower part of the sternum, defect in the front of the diaphragm, defects in the anterior part of the pericardium, and the ectopiacordis. Here, we report a 2-hour-old girl, weighing 3,500 g, who was referred to Shahid Madani Hospital in Khorramabad due to the large omphalocele on her chest with pulsating mass above it. The baby was the first child of a 24-year-old mother who was born with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Very rare cases of PC are born as a term new-born.
A dated molecular perspective of eucalypt taxonomy, evolution and diversification
Authors: Thornhill Andrew H. , Crisp Michael D. , Külheim Carsten , Lam Kristy E. , Nelson Leigh A. , Yeates David K. , Miller Joseph T. 
Published: April 2019

The eucalypts, which include Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia, are native to Australia and Malesia and include over 800 named species in a mixture of diverse and depauperate lineages. We assessed the fit of the eucalypt taxonomic classification to a phylogeny of 711 species scored for DNA sequences of plastid matK and psbA–trnH, as well as nuclear internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer. Two broadly similar topologies emerge from both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, showing Angophora nested within Corymbia, or Angophora sister to Corymbia. The position of certain species-poor groups on long branches fluctuated relative to the three major Eucalyptus subgenera, and positions of several closely related species within those subgenera were unstable and lacked statistical support. Most sections and series of Eucalyptus were not recovered as monophyletic. We calibrated these phylogenies against time, using penalised likelihood and constraints obtained from fossil ages. On the basis of these trees, most major eucalypt subgenera arose in the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. All Eucalyptus clades with taxa occurring in south-eastern Australia have crown ages <20 million years. Several eucalypt clades display a strong present-day geographic disjunction, although these clades did not have strong phylogenetic statistical support. In particular, the estimated age of the separation between the eudesmids (Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia) and monocalypts (Eucalyptus subgenus Eucalyptus) was consistent with extensive inland water bodies in the Eocene. Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixture rates of net species diversification accelerated in five sections of Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus, all beginning 2–3 million years ago and associated with semi-arid habitats dominated by mallee and mallet growth forms, and with open woodlands and forests in eastern Australia. This is the first time that a calibrated molecular study has shown support for the rapid diversification of eucalypts in the recent past, most likely driven by changing climate and diverse soil geochemical conditions.
Three-Dimensional Simulation for Breast Augmentation of Female Asymmetric Pectus Excavatum: A Case Report
Authors: Yasunaga Yoshichika , Tsuchiya Aya , Nakajima Yuta , Kondoh Shoji , Noguchi Masahiko , Yuzuriha Shunsuke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Breast augmentation for women with asymmetric pectus excavatum (PE) has a characteristic problem in that surgeons need to select implants while considering the left-right difference in breast volume, contour, and position. We herein report a 33-year-old woman with severe asymmetric PE who presented with residual breast asymmetry after chest wall correction using the Nuss procedure. Her right breast appeared hypoplastic and the right anterior chest wall remained depressed. Augmentation of the right breast with a silicone implant was performed, selecting the inserted implant preoperatively with the assistance of three-dimensional (3D) simulation. The breast asymmetry and anterior chest wall depression were improved to a natural appearance. Three-dimensional simulation represents an advantageous way to preoperatively select optimal implants for breast augmentation in asymmetric PE women with breast asymmetry.

Level of Evidence: 5
Stereotypes of Older Adults: Development and Evaluation of an Updated Stereotype Content and Strength Survey
Authors: Carlson Kristy J , Black David R , Holley Lyn M , Coster Daniel C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStereotypes are beliefs about a particular group often adopted to bypass complex information processing. Like racism and other forms of discrimination, ageism affects individuals and society as a whole. The purpose of the study was to analyze the Stereotype Content and Strength Survey (SCSS) designed to update assessment tools commonly used to measure stereotypes of older adults.Research Design and MethodsAn updated survey was developed including aging-related descriptive items from previously published studies. Students enrolled at two Midwestern universities (n = 491) were directed to think about their perceptions of “older adults” and select the proportion they believed could be described by the items used in the tool. Response categories for each descriptive item were dichotomized and operationalized to be a strong stereotype if the collapsed response percentage was significantly ≥80%.ResultsA Principal Axis Factor analysis and Direct Oblim rotation was computed on 117 descriptive items representing positive, negative, and physical characteristics, resulting in a 3-factor model with acceptable psychometric properties. Cronbach alpha analyses revealed reliable scales for negative (α = .92), positive (α = .88), and physical (α = .81) stereotypes. Of 117 descriptive items, 33 emerged as strong stereotypes including 30 positive, 2 physical, and 1 negative item.Discussion and ImplicationsThis updated assessment has the potential to contribute to an understanding of the existence of age-related stereotypes as well as the strength, or the proportion of older adults who could be described by each of the items used in the SCSS.
Investigating the suitability of the Slope Sea for Atlantic bluefin tuna spawning using a high-resolution ocean circulation model
Authors: Rypina Irina I , Chen Ke , Hernández Christina M , Pratt Lawrence J , Llopiz Joel K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivated by recent evidence of Atlantic bluefin tuna spawning in the Slope Sea, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of oceanographic conditions that are conducive to successful spawning by bluefin in this region. Specifically, we considered advection patterns and water temperatures based on a new high-resolution ocean circulation model. After validating model velocities and temperatures using observations, three criteria were used to evaluate the success of simulated bluefin spawning during 2013: water temperature at spawning locations, mean water temperature along larval trajectories, and larval residence time within the Slope Sea. Analyses of satellite-based, decade-long (2008–2017) datasets suggest that conditions, specifically water temperatures and advection patterns, in the Slope Sea in 2013 were representative of typical years. The temperature criteria are more frequently satisfied in the southern and southwestern parts of the domain, whereas the residence time criterion favors more northern areas further from the Gulf Stream. The probability map of successful spawning locations shows a maximum near the northwestern bight of the Slope Sea. Spawning success is near-zero through most of June, increases in July, and peaks in early-to-mid August. Overall, water temperatures and retentive capabilities suggest that the Slope Sea provided suitable conditions for successful spawning of bluefin during 2013.
Bound Pronominal Objects in Biblical Hebrew: Clarification and Critique
Authors: Jones Ethan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article builds on the ideas of W.R. Garr who argues persuasively that bound pronominal objects are highly topical, patientive and central to predication. Garr has made an important contribution to the study of bound forms, concurring with Jou.on and countering Muraoka. In his argument, Garr assumes that prepositional phrases are non-obligatory participants (adjuncts). My analysis refutes his assumption about prepositional phrases yet shows his argument for bound pronominal objects still holds. I attempt to further Garrfs contribution by clarifying the role of prepositional phrases and thus strengthening his claim on bound forms. I do so by analysing (Piel), a frequently occurring verb.
Assessing safety of Ontario’s publicly funded MMR and MMRV immunization programs, 2012 to 2016
Authors: Seo Chi Yon , Rashid Mohammed , Harris Tara , Stapleton Jody , Deeks Shelley L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The combined measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccines are part of Ontario’s routine immunization schedule.

Objective
To assess adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported in Ontario following administration of MMR and MMRV vaccines between 2012 and 2016.

Methods
Reports of AEFIs were extracted from the provincial surveillance database on May 9, 2017. Events were grouped by provincial surveillance definitions. Reporting rates were calculated using provincial population estimates or net doses distributed as the denominator. A serious AEFI is defined as an AEFI that resulted in an in-patient hospitalization or death.

Results
Overall, 289 AEFIs were reported following administration of MMR (n=246) or MMRV (n=43) vaccines, for annualized reporting rates of 16.6 and 8.8 reports per 100,000 distributed doses, respectively. The highest age-specific reporting rate was in children aged 1 to 3 years for MMR (7.7 per 100,000 population) and children aged 4 to 9 years for MMRV (0.8 per 100,000 population). Systemic reactions were the most frequently reported event category, while rash was the most frequently reported event for both vaccines. There were 22 serious AEFIs, 19 following MMR and 3 following MMRV (1.3 and 0.6 per 100,000 doses distributed, respectively).

Conclusions
Our assessment found a low reporting rate of adverse events following MMR and MMRV vaccines in Ontario. No safety concerns were identified. Our findings are consistent with the safety profiles of these vaccines. Continued monitoring of vaccine safety is necessary to maintain timely detection of unusual postvaccine events and public confidence in vaccine safety.
Redirected Inbound Call Sampling (RICS)
Authors: Levine Burton , Krotki Karol , Lavrakas Paul J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Redirected Inbound Call Sampling (RICS) is an emerging, nonprobability sampling methodology in which calls to nonworking numbers from callers throughout the United States are redirected to a telephone survey recruitment protocol and data collection system. The use of automated, interactive voice response technologies to recruit, screen, and collect data achieves significant cost savings and greatly reduces the time of fielding a survey compared with traditional dual-frame random-digit dialing (DFRDD) surveys that use interviewers for recruitment and data collection. The implementation of RICS that we fielded resulted in respondents who match some demographics of the population about as well as DFRDD telephone surveys. However, we demonstrate some non-ignorable challenges with measurement error in certain types of questions that arise from primacy effects associated with using an interactive voice response system for data collection. We present the results of a RICS study that was designed to better understand the reliability and validity of the data these surveys generate. The investigation presented in this manuscript is a first step to evaluating if RICS can be a fit-for-purpose solution for some survey needs. Our data suggest there is sufficient promise in the RICS methodology to warrant continued development and refinement.