bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limites de l’émergence au Brésil et désindustrialisation : un scénario explicatif de la crise ?
Authors: Treillet Stéphanie 
Published: July 2019

L’examen des mécanismes de la phase de croissance ayant conduit, au début des années 2000, à classer le Brésil parmi les économies émergentes montre leur caractère ambivalent car porteur de vulnérabilité. Si la conjoncture mondiale a permis au pays d’augmenter la part des produits primaires dans ses exportations, il apparaît que la désindustrialisation de l’économie renvoie à des tendances structurelles de long terme, et pose la question de la cohérence du système productif.
Dynamiques, marqueurs et fragilités des trajectoires d’émergence en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Hamadou Daouda Youssoufou 
Published: July 2019

Cet article analyse les dynamiques de transformation structurelle qui caractérisent les processus d’émergence africains tout en spécifiant la diversité et la fragilité des trajectoires. Nous situons tout d’abord la place de l’émergence dans les stratégies nationales de développement afin d’offrir une clef de lecture des dimensions économique, politique et sociale de l’émergence. Ensuite, nous abordons les marqueurs de l’émergence, en particulier les mutations et les transformations structurelles en cours et les contraintes sous-jacentes. Enfin, les pays africains ont des trajectoires d’émergence différenciées. Nous évoquons la diversité et la fragilité des dynamiques d’émergence, reflétant les politiques de spécialisation primaire et le jeu des contraintes internes et extérieures. Classification JEL : O10, O21, O40
L’absence d’« islamité » de la finance islamique lors de son établissement au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Coste Frédéric 
Published: July 2019

Résumé La spécificité de la finance islamique est d’en appeler au référent religieux. Toutefois, cet article ambitionne de montrer, contre-intuitivement, que cette forme de finance a pu connaître un essor au Royaume-Uni à partir des années 2000 en raison du fait que son caractère « islamique » n’est pas intervenu dans le processus d’institutionnalisation. Elle n’est pas une demande des musulmans britanniques bien qu’elle s’adresse en premier lieu à eux ; elle n’a pas été inscrite dans la politique d’« inclusion financière » alors menée par le gouvernement ; aucune atteinte au droit séculier n’a résulté de la conformité prétendue de banques à la shariah ; elle correspond à une volonté de normalisation de la part de ses promoteurs où l’aspect universaliste de l’éthique sera clamé, supplantant l’identité religieuse. Ses effets seront de contribuer à proposer ainsi une « islamité » nouvelle.
Incidence and Demographics of Cervical Spine Fractures over a 10 Year Period at a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Miller Christopher P , Blizzard Sonya T , Grauer Jonathan N 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
In an effort to capture all cervical fractures in the trauma setting, many institutions have implemented protocols for urgent cervical computed tomographic (CT) imaging for any patient with traumatic neck pain. This has led to a high frequency of negative imaging studies.

Objectives
The objective is to characterize a consecutive series of cervical spine fractures diagnosed at a single Level I trauma center over a 10-year period. It is expected that a greater awareness of the associations between age, injury mechanism, and fracture type may facilitate the diagnosis and management of patients with cervical spine trauma.

Methods
In this study, every cervical CT scan ordered in the Emergency Department (ED) at our institution was reviewed and evaluated for fractures. The relevant demographic data and mechanism of injury for patients with fractures were recorded.

Results
Of 763,099 ED visits, 13,896 cervical CT scans were ordered (1.8% of visits) and 492 scans (3.5% of scans, 0.06% of visits) were found to have cervical fractures resulting from blunt trauma. There was a bimodal distribution of fractures with respect to age, with peaks at 20 to 24 and >85 years of age. These age ranges were also found to have higher incidence of fracture than would be predicted by population alone. Fractures in younger patients resulted from high-energy trauma and fractures in older patients resulted primarily from falls.

Conclusion
This elucidation of epidemiology and mechanism of cervical fractures can be used to improve the rapidity of diagnosis and management of these potentially devastating injuries.
Blizzard DJ, Miller CP, Blizzard ST, Grauer JN. Incidence and Demographics of Cervical Spine Fractures over a 10 Year Period at a Level I Trauma Center. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):21-25.
Effect of 5% Calcium Hypochlorite on Mechanical Properties of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Velmurugan Natanasabapathy , Reddy Poornima , Balla Suma , Raghu Sandhya S , Gupta Garlapati T , Sahoo Hrudi S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the effect of 5% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of root dentin.

Materials and methods
The available chlorine concentration of each solution was determined using iodometric titration. Standardized planoparallel dentin bars (n= 20) were divided into two test groups and one control group. The control, group 1, consisted of dentin bars stored in normal saline. The dentin bars in the two test groups were treated by exposure to following solutions: Group 2 to 5% Ca(OCl)2; and group 3 to 5% NaOCl. All the three test solutions were changed once in 15 minutes for 30 minutes. The dentin bars were then loaded to failure using three-point bend test.

Results
Available chlorine concentration was 64% in both the test solutions. There was a significant reduction in the flexural strength of 5% NaOCl group compared to 5% Ca(OCl)2-treated ones. A significant difference in modulus of elasticity was observed between the test groups and the control groups and also between the 5% Ca(OCl)2 and 5% NaOCl groups.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, 5% NaOCl reduced the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of root dentin bars more when compared to 5% Ca(OCl)2.

How to cite this article
Reddy P, Balla S, Raghu SS, Velmurugan N, Gupta GT, Sahoo HS. Effect of 5% Calcium Hypochlorite on Mechanical Properties of Root Dentin: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):56-59.
Endodontic Management of a Three-rooted Mandibular First Premolar associated with Taurodontism
Authors: Wadekar Swati Ishwar , Shah Dipali Yogesh , Shah Jimish Rajiv , Gathani Kinjal Mahesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTaurodontism is a morpho-anatomic variation in tooth anatomy that rarely affects mandibular premolars. Literature is replete with mandibular first premolars presenting atypical additional root canals, but concurrent presence of three roots and taurodontism is exceptional.Materials and methodsThis case report describes the successful endodontic diagnosis and management of a rare case of taurodontism in a mandibular first premolar with chronic apical periodontitis. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) facilitated the diagnosis of three roots and root canals associated with concurrent taurodontism. The taurodont premolar required exceptional and diligent care in each segment of endodontic treatment for the complex root canal system.ResultsTaurodontism-affected premolars present with challenges in endodontic therapy as they have apically displaced pulp chambers with limited width. Cone beam computed tomography and dental operating microscope can facilitate evaluation for teeth with such complex anatomy and their successful endodontic management.How to cite this articleWadekar SI, Shah DY, Shah JR, Gathani KM. Endodontic Management of a Three-rooted Mandibular First Premolar associated with Taurodontism. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):90-92.
Cystatin C is a Better Marker of Renal Dysfunction in Hypertensive Pregnancies
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Singh Anjana 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Background
Glomerular endotheliosis is an essential component in the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) which results in renal dysfunction. This is not always detected by routine renal function tests, such as serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Cystatin C, an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor, is completely absorbed by renal tubules and has been shown to be an ideal marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which needs to be evaluated in assessing renal dysfunction occurring in GH and PE.

Aims
The present study is designed to evaluate serum cystatin C levels in normal pregnancy, GH, and PE and compare its efficacy with traditional renal function tests.

Materials and methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, 75 subjects enrolled, comprised of 25 subjects each of normal pregnancy, GH, and PE. Serum cystatin C, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and urinary protein/creatinine ratio were estimated in all subjects prior to delivery.

Results
All renal parameters including cystatin C were significantly raised in GH and PE compared with control group. However, only serum cystatin C level (and no other renal parameters) was significantly higher in PE group compared with GH group. Area under the curve for cystatin C was maximum (0.917) compared with other parameters. Cystatin C had a higher sensitivity and specificity than other conventional markers.

Conclusion
Serum cystatin C is a better marker of renal dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancies.

How to cite this article
Singh A, Gupta M, Ranjan R, Saini V, Gupta SK. Cystatin C is a Better Marker of Renal Dysfunction in Hypertensive Pregnancies. Indian J Med Biochem 2016; 20(1):21-27.
Role of Hormones in Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Ekka Dipti C 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Unexplained infertility is a term applied to an infertile couple whose standard infertility investigations and workup are normal. The aim of the study is to assess the role of hormones in women with unexplained infertility. The female reproductive system is regulated by a balanced hormonal interaction between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and ovaries. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are important for ovulation and stimulation of secretion of estradiol and progesterone from the ovaries. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important marker to predict the ovarian reserve. The primary function of the ovary is the production of a mature and viable oocyte capable of fertilization, embryo development, and implantation. Fifty women diagnosed with unexplained infertility were enrolled as cases. These were age matched with 50 healthy fertile women volunteers. Body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly higher in women with unexplained infertility. Serum FSH, LH, and estradiol were significantly higher in cases. LH:FSH ratio and serum AMH were significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. To conclude, serum AMH, FSH, and LH:FSH ratio indicated poor ovarian reserve in women with unexplained infertility.
How to cite this article
Ekka DC, Jain A, Puri M. Role of Hormones in Unexplained Infertility. Indian J Med Biochem 2016;20(1):34-37.
Methotrexate-induced Pulmonary Toxicity Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia: A Rare Entity
Authors: Bhardwaj Gaurav , Jain Vikram Kumar , Sharma Anubhav , Maan Lokesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Methotrexate is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum immunomodulator. It can be used as a primary option or as in combination of drugs in various immunological conditions. Generally, it is safe when use in lower dosages. However, a clinician has to be alert regarding some of its less common but toxic side-effects. Here, we discuss a rare case who developed methotrexate-induced pulmonary toxicity.

How to cite this article
Mishra M, Jain VK, Sharma A, Bhardwaj G, Maan L. Methotrexate-induced Pulmonary Toxicity Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia: A Rare Entity. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):64-65.
Association of Hyperuricemia and Urinary Albumin Excretion with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yogi Jai P , Semar Anita 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Long-standing diabetes and a poor glycemic control are the major factors which contribute to the development of various microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular changes in kidneys lead to microalbuminuria, which may further lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated. Elevated serum uric acid level has been recognized as a marker of endothelial dysfunction which contributes to the development of microvascular changes in various organs. The main objective of the present study was to assess the association of serum uric acid and urine microalbumin levels with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type II DM patients. One hundred diagnosed cases of type II DM were enrolled for the study. Blood samples were collected and estimated for fasting blood sugar, serum uric acid, and HbA1c. Also, 24-hour urine samples were collected and analyzed for microalbumin. A positive association (r = 0.203) was observed between HbA1c and serum uric acid. The study also suggested a positive association between glycemic control and microalbuminuria (r = 0.237) in diabetic patients. A strong positive association was also observed between uric acid and urine microalbumin levels (r = 0.338). Findings of the study, therefore, recommend that development of microvascular complications in type II DM patients can be averted by adopting dietary control and healthy lifestyle changes. Strict glycemic control and lowering of serum uric acid levels can be helpful in minimizing the risk of developing nephropathy and its progression toward ESRD.

How to cite this article
Fiza B, Yogi JP, Choudhary J, Semar A, Sinha M. Association of Hyperuricemia and Urinary Albumin Excretion with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):1-6.
Bacterial Etiology of Otitis Media and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Patients coming to a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Pandey Gunjan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the study was to identify the microorganisms associated with the chronic discharging ears and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Materials and methodsA total of 251 samples of ear swabs were received at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Pus samples were taken from external auditory canal using sterile cotton swabs and then cultured on different microbiological media. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested and interpreted by method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards.ResultsOut of 251 samples received, 135 (53.78%) samples had growth. The microbiology of these 135 samples was studied.Pseudomonas aeruginosawas the major organism isolated from 88 samples followed byStaphylococcus aureus(37), and other coliforms (10). Drug susceptibility ofP. aeruginosashowed that colistin was active against all isolates followed by piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. Approximately 60%S. aureusisolates were methicillin-resistantS. aureus. Vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin were 100% sensitive.ConclusionFrom the current study, it was concluded thatP. aeruginosais the potential cause of ear-associated infections. All isolates ofP. aeruginosawere susceptible to colistin, andS. aureuswas susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin.How to cite this articleAgrawal M, Gupta N, Pandey G. Bacterial Etiology of Otitis Media and their Antibiotic Susceptibi­lity Pattern among Patients coming to a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):7-9.
Variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxidative derivatives in wintertime Beijing, China
Authors: Elzein Atallah , Dunmore Rachel E. , Ward Martyn W. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Lewis Alastair C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ambient particulate matter (PM) can contain a mix of
different toxic species derived from a wide variety of sources. This study
quantifies the diurnal variation and nocturnal abundance of 16 polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and 9 nitrated PAHs
(NPAHs) in ambient PM in central Beijing during winter. Target compounds
were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (GC-Q-ToF-MS). The total concentration of PAHs varied
between 18 and 297 ng m−3 over 3 h daytime filter samples and from 23
to 165 ng m−3 in 15 h night-time samples. The total concentrations of
PAHs over 24 h varied between 37 and 180 ng m−3 (mean: 97±43 ng m−3).
The total daytime concentrations during high particulate loading
conditions for PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs were 224, 54 and 2.3 ng m−3,
respectively. The most abundant PAHs were fluoranthene (33 ng m−3),
chrysene (27 ng m−3), pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[a]pyrene (27 ng m−3), benzo[b]fluoranthene (25 ng m−3), benzo[a]anthracene (20 ng m−3) and phenanthrene (18 ng m−3). The most abundant OPAHs were
9,10-anthraquinone (18 ng m−3), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (14 ng m−3) and 9-fluorenone (12 ng m−3), and the three most abundant
NPAHs were 9-nitroanthracene (0.84 ng m−3), 3-nitrofluoranthene (0.78 ng m−3) and 3-nitrodibenzofuran (0.45 ng m−3). ∑PAHs and
∑OPAHs showed a strong positive correlation with the gas-phase
abundance of NO, CO, SO2 and HONO, indicating that PAHs and OPAHs can
be associated with both local and regional emissions. Diagnostic ratios
suggested emissions from traffic road and coal combustion were the
predominant sources of PAHs in Beijing and also revealed the main source
of NPAHs to be secondary photochemical formation rather than primary
emissions. PM2.5 and NPAHs showed a strong correlation with gas-phase
HONO. 9-Nitroanthracene appeared to undergo a photodegradation during the
daytime and showed a strong positive correlation with ambient HONO
(R=0.90, P < 0.001). The lifetime excess lung cancer risk for those
species that have available toxicological data (16 PAHs, 1 OPAH and 6 NPAHs)
was calculated to be in the range 10−5 to 10−3 (risk per million
people ranges from 26 to 2053 cases per year).
ESD Reviews: Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation
Authors: Heinze Christoph , Eyring Veronika , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jones Colin , Balkanski Yves , Collins William , Fichefet Thierry , Gao Shuang , Hall Alex , Ivanova Detelina , Knorr Wolfgang , Knutti Reto , Löw Alexander , Ponater Michael , Schultz Martin G. , Schulz Michael , Siebesma Pier , Teixeira Joao , Tselioudis George , Vancoppenolle Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing climate
projections under different scenarios of human-induced forcing. ESMs include
a large number of additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical
cycles that traditional physical climate models do not consider. Yet, some
processes such as cloud dynamics and ecosystem functional response still
have fairly high uncertainties. In this article, we present an overview of
climate feedbacks for Earth system components currently included in
state-of-the-art ESMs and discuss the challenges to evaluate and quantify
them. Uncertainties in feedback quantification arise from the
interdependencies of biogeochemical matter fluxes and physical properties,
the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of processes, and the lack of
long-term continuous observational data to constrain them. We present an
outlook for promising approaches that can help to quantify and to constrain the large number of feedbacks in ESMs in the future. The target group for
this article includes generalists with a background in natural sciences and
an interest in climate change as well as experts working in
interdisciplinary climate research (researchers, lecturers, and students).
This study updates and significantly expands upon the last comprehensive
overview of climate feedbacks in ESMs, which was produced 15 years ago (NRC,
2003).
Lógicas de funcionamento do Tinder. Uma análise da aplicação e das perceções dos utilizadores.
Authors: Sepúlveda Rita , Vieira Jorge 
Published: July 2019

O número de aplicações de mobile dating tem vindo a aumentar, mas o Tinder goza de um reconhecimento por parte dos utilizadores e de uma visibilidade mediática e estudo científico que o distingue das demais. Porém, ainda não é claro como os diferentes agentes em jogo interagem, nem como as informações dos utilizadores são tratadas e combinadas através da ação dos algoritmos. Na procura de elucidar esses aspetos, este artigo explora como o design, arquitetura e affordances da plataforma estruturam as ações dos utilizadores e, consequentemente, moldam a utilização, questionando de seguida, como as informações e utilização geram determinados resultados através da ação do algoritmo. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma metodologia qualitativa, combinando duas técnicas de recolha de dados o que permitiu, por um lado, uma análise crítica através da identificação das diferentes possibilidades de funcionamento do Tinder e de como é imposto um fluxo de utilização e, por outro, através dos discursos dos utilizadores, compreender como estes interpretam as affordances da aplicação no decorrer da sua utilização.
Como principais resultados, verificou-se que parte dos utilizadores não pareciam estar conscientes da presença e ação do algoritmo. Indicaram também que as suas ações estavam condicionadas em diversos momentos da utilização, porém contornavam (alguns) (d)esses condicionantes encontrando novas formas de uso.
Symptom Burden in Long-Term Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer: Patient-Reported
Versus Clinical Data
Authors: Pocobelli Gaia , Ziebell Rebecca , Fujii Monica , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Chang Steven , McClure Jennifer B. , Chubak Jessica 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The symptom burden faced by long-term head and neck cancer survivors
is not well understood. In addition, the accuracy of clinical data sources for symptom
ascertainment is not clear.Objective: To 1) describe the prevalence of symptoms in
5-year survivors of head and neck cancer, and 2) to evaluate agreement between symptoms
obtained via self-report and symptoms obtained from clinical data sources.Methods: We
recruited 5-year survivors of head and neck cancer enrolled at Kaiser Permanente
Washington (n = 54). Symptoms were assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory head
and neck cancer module. For each symptom, we assessed the agreement of the patient’s
survey response (“gold standard”) with the 1) medical chart and 2) administrative health
care claims data. We computed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value
(PPV), and negative predictive value, along with their 95 percent confidence intervals,
for each clinical data source.Results: Eighty percent of patients responded. Nearly all
participants (95 percent) reported experiencing at least one symptom from the MDASI-HN,
and 93 percent reported two or more symptoms. Among patients reporting a given symptom,
there was generally no evidence of the symptom from either clinical data source (i.e.,
sensitivity was generally no greater than 40 percent). The specificity and PPV of the
clinical data sources were generally higher than the sensitivity.Conclusion: Relying
only on medical chart review and/or administrative health data would substantially
underestimate symptom burden in long-term head and neck cancer survivors.