bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective decision making for randomly moving visual stimuli
Authors: Yashiro Ryuto , Sato Hiromi , Motoyoshi Isamu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHumans persist in their attempts to predict the future in spite of the fact that natural events often involve a fundamental element of uncertainty. The present study explored computational mechanisms underlying biases in prospective decision making by using a simple psychophysical task. Observers viewed a randomly moving Gabor target for T sec and anticipated its future position ΔT sec following stimulus offset. Applying reverse correlation analysis, we found that observer decisions focused heavily on the last part of target velocity and especially on velocity information following the last several direction reversals. If target random motion explicitly contained an additional linear trend, observers tended to utilize information of the linear trend as well. These behavioral data are well explained by a leaky-integrator model of perceptual decision making based on evidence accumulation with adaptive gain control. The results raise the possibility that prospective decision making toward future events follows principles similar to those involved in retrospective decision making toward past events.
Genome analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 6, which produces the phytotoxins, phaseolotoxin and coronatine
Authors: Fujikawa Takashi , Sawada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), causes enormous economic damages in many kiwifruit producing countries. In 2015, biovar 6, the novel biovar of Psa, was found in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The genomes of two representative strains of biovar 6 (MAFF 212134 and MAFF 212141) were sequenced and analysed, indicating that their genomes are the most similar to that of biovar 3 among the known Psa biovars, based on average nucleotide identity analysis. Biovar 3 has neither the phaseolotoxin synthesis gene cluster nor the coronatine synthesis gene cluster, whereas biovar 6 has both clusters and produces both phytotoxins. We found that biovar 6 possesses 29 type III secreted effector (T3SE) genes, among which avrRps4 and hopBI1 are unique to biovar 6. The expression of T3SE genes and two phytotoxin synthesis gene clusters of biovar 6 during the early stages of host infection was investigated using RNA-Seq analysis, showing that these genes could be grouped into three categories: constantly expressed genes, constantly suppressed genes, and temporarily induced genes. A PCR assay was established to differentiate biovar 6 strains from the other Psa biovars and the closely related pathovar, pv. actinidifoliorum, by using avrRps4 as a biovar 6-specific marker gene.
Cytoskeletal actin patterns shape mast cell activation
Authors: Colin-York Huw , Li Dong , Korobchevskaya Kseniya , Chang Veronica T. , Betzig Eric , Eggeling Christian , Fritzsche Marco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractActivation of immune cells relies on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Despite detailed knowledge of molecular actin assembly, the exact processes governing actin organization during activation remain elusive. Using advanced microscopy, we here show that Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cells, a model mast cell line, employ an orchestrated series of reorganization events within the cortical actin network during activation. In response to IgE antigen-stimulation of FCε receptors (FCεR) at the RBL cell surface, we observed symmetry breaking of the F-actin network and subsequent rapid disassembly of the actin cortex. This was followed by a reassembly process that may be driven by the coordinated transformation of distinct nanoscale F-actin architectures, reminiscent of self-organizing actin patterns. Actin patterns co-localized with zones of Arp2/3 nucleation, while network reassembly was accompanied by myosin-II activity. Strikingly, cortical actin disassembly coincided with zones of granule secretion, suggesting that cytoskeletal actin patterns contribute to orchestrate RBL cell activation.
Helping Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Understand Dysphagia: Exploring the Use of Video-Animation
Authors: Govender Roganie , Taylor Stuart A. , Smith Christina H. , Gardner Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer should be informed of the ramifications of cancer treatment on swallowing function during their pretreatment consultation. The purpose of this study was to explore (a) the usefulness and (b) the acceptability of video-animation in helping patients to understand the basics of the swallowing mechanism and dysphagia.

Method
Thirteen patients treated for head and neck cancer participated in this study. Think-aloud, a type of qualitative methodology, was used to encourage patients to verbalize their thoughts while watching two short video-animations showing the process of normal/abnormal swallowing. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four main themes were identified as follows: (a) patient interest and engagement, (b) acceptability of visual imagery and narration, (c) information provision and learning, and (d) personal relevance and intended action. Patients appeared interested and engaged in the video-animations, asking several spontaneous questions about how to maintain or improve swallowing function. Learning was evident from patients' recognition and verbalizations of grossly disordered swallowing patterns. Most patients reported the images to be visually acceptable and could often relate what they were seeing to their own swallowing experience. Many patients also verbalized recognition of the need to keep muscles active through exercises.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the video-animations of swallowing were acceptable, interesting, informative, and relevant for most patients. It was therefore useful not only as an education tool, but also showed potential to influence patients' intentions to undertake preventative interventions that may preserve better swallowing function after cancer treatment.
Discovery of a directly imaged disk in scattered light around the Sco-Cen member Wray 15-788
Authors: Bohn A. J. , Kenworthy M. A. , Ginski C. , Benisty M. , de Boer J. , Keller C. U. , Mamajek E. E. , Meshkat T. , Muro-Arena G. A. , Pecaut M. J. , Snik F. , Wolff S. G. , Reggiani M. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Protoplanetary disks are the birth environments of planetary systems. Therefore, the study of young, circumstellar environments is essential in understanding the processes taking place in planet formation and the evolution of planetary systems.
Aims. We detect and characterize circumstellar disks and potential companions around solar-type, pre-main sequence stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association (Sco-Cen).
Methods. As part of our ongoing survey we carried out high-contrast imaging with VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS to obtain polarized and total intensity images of the young (11−7+16 Myr old) K3IV star Wray 15-788 within the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of Sco-Cen. For the total intensity images, we remove the stellar halo via an approach based on reference star differential imaging in combination with principal component analysis.
Results. Both total intensity and polarimetric data resolve a disk around the young, solar-like Sco-Cen member Wray 15-788. Modeling of the stellar spectral energy distribution suggests that this is a protoplanetary disk at a transition stage. We detect a bright outer ring at a projected separation of ~370 mas (≈56 au), hints of inner substructures at ~170 mas (≈28 au), and a gap in between. Within a position angle range of only 60° < ϕ < 240°, we are confident at the 5σ level that we detect actual scattered light flux from the outer ring of the disk; the remaining part is indistinguishable from background noise. For the detected part of the outer ring we determine a disk inclination of i = 21° ± 6° and a position angle of φ = 76° ± 16°. Furthermore, we find that Wray 15-788 is part of a binary system with the A2V star HD 98363 at a separation of ~50′′ (≈6900 au).
Conclusions. The detection of only half of the outer ring might be due to shadowing by a misaligned inner disk. A potential substellar companion can cause the misalignment of the inner structures and can be responsible for clearing the detected gap from scattering material. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of a non-detection due to our limited signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), combined with brightness azimuthal asymmetry. From our data we can exclude companions more massive than 10 Mjup within the gap at a separation of ~230 mas (≈35 au). Additional data are required to characterize the disk’s peculiar morphology and to set tighter constraints on the potential perturber’s orbital parameters and mass.
Surface magnetic activity of the fast-rotating G5 giant IN Comae, central star of the faint planetary nebula LoTr 5
Authors: Kővári Zs. , Strassmeier K. G. , Oláh K. , Kriskovics L. , Vida K. , Carroll T. A. , Granzer T. , Ilyin I. , Jurcsik J. , Kővári E. , Weber M. 
Published: March 2019

Context. On the asymptotic giant branch, low to intermediate mass stars blow away their outer envelopes, forming planetary nebulae. Dynamic interaction between the planetary nebula and its central progenitor is poorly understood. The interaction is even more complex when the central object is a binary star with a magnetically active component, as is the case for the target in this paper.Aims. We aim to quantify the stellar surface activity of the cool binary component of IN Com and aim to explain its origin. In general, we need a better understanding of how central binary stars in planetary nebulae evolve and how this evolution could develop such magnetically active stars as IN Com.Methods. We present a time series of 13 consecutive Doppler images covering six months in 2017 that we used to measure the surface differential rotation with a cross-correlation method. Hitherto unpublished high-precision photometric data from 1989 to 2017 are presented. We applied Fourier-transformation-based frequency analysis to both photometry and spectra. Very high resolution (R ≈ 200 000) spectra were used to update IN Com’s astrophysical parameters by means of spectral synthesis.Results. Our time-series Doppler images show cool and warm spots coexisting with an average surface temperature contrast of −1000 K and +300 K with respect to the effective temperature. Approximately 8% of the stellar surface is covered with cool spots and ∼3% with warm spots. A consistent cool polar spot is seen in all images. The average lifetime of the cool spots is not much more than a few stellar rotations (one month), while the warm spots appear to live longer (three months) and are mostly confined to high latitudes. We found anti-solar surface differential rotation with a shear coefficient ofα = −0.026 ± 0.005 suggesting an equatorial rotation period of 5.973 ± 0.008 d. We reconfirm the 5.9 day rotation period of the cool star from photometry, radial velocities, and Hαline-profile variations. A long-termV-brightness variation with a likely period of 7.2 yr is also found. It appears in phase with the orbital radial velocity of the binary system in the sense that it is brightest at highest velocity and faintest at lowest velocity, that is, at the two phases of quadrature. We redetermine [Ba/Fe], [Y/Fe], and [Sr/Fe] ratios and confirm the overabundance of theses-process elements in the atmosphere of IN Com.
Unveiling the Role of Prolactin and its Receptor in Male Reproduction
Authors: Raut Sanketa , Deshpande Sharvari , Balasinor Nafisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProlactin is a peptide hormone known to have multiple functions. However, the role of prolactin has been extensively studied only in female physiology and its function in male reproduction still remains majorly unexplored. Studies in rodents and humans have demonstrated the presence of prolactin and its receptor in testes, thereby suggesting a possible role during spermatogenesis. Experimental evidences from prolactin and prolactin receptor deficient male rodent models as well as studies done in hypo- and hyper-prolactinemic males hint at neuroendocrine and reproductive abnormalities. Nonetheless, there still remains a lot of ambiguity on the exact role of prolactin and its receptor in male reproduction. This review summarizes in depth on the role of prolactin in spermatogenesis.
Baseline Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio is a Significant Predictor of BMI Changes in Children/Adolescents after Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Pejsova Hana , Hubacek Jaroslav A. , Zemankova Petra , Zlatohlavek Lukas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction Abdominal obesity is a strong cardiometabolic risk factor that often occurs as early as in childhood. The negative effect of abdominal obesity on the metabolism is partially mediated by changes to the production of the major adipocyte hormones leptin and adiponectin. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance is associated with increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aim To determine whether leptin, adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio are significant predictors of body weight loss in intensively treated children/adolescents.
Methods 183 paediatric overweight or obese patients (71 boys and 112 girls), aged 7–16 years, were enrolled in a one-month intensive lifestyle intervention programme. Participants reduced their energy intake and engaged in a supervised exercise programme consisting of 5 physical activity units per day. The subjects were examined both before and after the intervention.
Results The mean BMI decrease achieved was−2.38±0.07 kg/m² (P<0.01). The decrease in plasma leptin concentration was−16.59±0.84 ng/mL (P<0.001) and CRP−0.38±0.04 mg/L (P<0.001). Changes in adiponectin concentrations were not statistically significant. The baseline leptin/adiponectin ratio was a significant predictor of decreases in body weight (P<0.005), BMI (P<0.0001) and waist circumference (P<0.05).
Conclusion The leptin/adiponectin ratio at baseline may be a useful predictor of results from interventions focused on decreasing BMIs in children/adolescents.
Prestige-biased social learning: current evidence and outstanding questions
Authors: Jiménez Ángel V. , Mesoudi Alex 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCultural evolution theory posits that a major factor in human ecological success is our high-fidelity and selective social learning, which permits the accumulation of adaptive knowledge and skills over successive generations. One way to acquire adaptive social information is by preferentially copying competent individuals within a valuable domain (success bias). However, competence within a domain is often difficult or impossible to directly assess. Almost 20 years ago, Henrich and Gil-White (H&GW) suggested that people use indirect cues of success (e.g., differential levels of attention paid to models by other social learners) as adaptive short-cuts to select models from whom to learn. They called this use of indirect markers of successprestige bias. In this review, we re-visit H&GW’s proposal, examining the evidence amassed since for the adaptiveness and use of prestige bias in humans. First, we briefly outline H&GW’s theory. Second, we analyse whether prestige is associated with competence within valuable domains, which is a crucial assumption underlying the adaptiveness of prestige bias. Third, we discuss prestige cues that people use to infer success (e.g., the amount of voluntary deference and attention received by models). Fourth, we examine the evidence for and against the use of prestige bias in human adults and children. Finally, we point out limitations in the current literature and present new avenues for research on prestige bias.
Long-term population spike-timing-dependent plasticity promotes synaptic tagging but not cross-tagging in rat hippocampal area CA1
Authors: Pang Karen Ka Lam , Sharma Mahima , Krishna-K. Kumar , Behnisch Thomas , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Deciphering the rules that shape neuronal connections is critical to our understanding of information processing in a neural network. Our study describes how the relative timing of the activities of afferents and their associated postsynaptic neurons determines synaptic strength at the hippocampal CA1 circuit, an area important for learning and memory. A low number of repeated, paired activities between afferents and their neurons differentially shapes the hippocampal CA3–CA1 synaptic pathway for hours and even affects how future information is processed in the neuronal ensemble.
Materializing gay identity
Authors: Osatananda Varisa , Gadavanij Savitri 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper aims at investigating (1) whether young Thai adults can distinguish between straight male and
gay-sounding speech and (2) how listeners feel about speech sounds performed by Thai straight and gay speakers in varying
situations in terms of likeability and annoyance. Two experiments were conducted: first, straight males, gay males and females
listened to voice stimuli of self-identified straight males and gay males and were asked to identify the sexual orientation of the
speakers; second, another three groups of listeners were asked to rate the speakers’ levels of likeability and annoyance using a
5-point Likert scale. The findings indicate that there exist voice characteristics of gay- as opposed to straight-male sounding
speech. Regarding the listeners’ perception in relation to speech style in four varying situations, the results indicate that
listeners’ perception is not affected by situations in which the speech is delivered.
National identity and belonging among gay ‘new speakers’ of Irish
Authors: Walsh John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract‘New speakers’ refer to people who use a language regularly but are not traditional ‘native’ speakers of that language. Although this discussion has been going on for some time in other sub-disciplines of linguistics, it is more recent in research about European minoritised languages. A feature of discourse around such languages relates to their perceived suitability for diverse urban settings removed from their historical rural heartlands. Irish is an example of a minoritised language which was long associated with conservative rural communities, a reified Catholic discourse of national identity and language ideologies based on nativism. Such an approach not only marginalised urban new speakers of Irish but also exhibited hostility to LGBTQ citizens who did not befit its particular version of Irishness. In this paper, a framework of Critical Sociolinguistics is used to analyse identity positions and ideologies expressed by urban new speakers of Irish who identify as gay and/or queer.
Sexuality in Goytisolo’sAntagonía
Authors: Jódar-Sánchez José Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAntagoníais Luis Goytisolo’s masterpiece. In this article I present a quantitative and qualitative study of his prose with regards to sexuality. Through an analysis of keywords, concordances, dispersion, and discourses, I show thatAntagoníafeeds from two historical periods, namely the ending dictatorship and the new democratic transition. Some of its discourses are the product of the Spain of the 1970s and 80s. Among them, we find sexist, male chauvinist, and homophobic discourses latent during those times. Women and queer people are frequently characterized in a negative fashion. However, we also find more subversive discourses that empower women. In sum, I consider Goytisolo’s tetralogy a “fluid” or “transitional” novel in that it is imbued with contradictory discourses rooted in different historical periods.
Cosmopolitanism in ethnic foodscapes
Authors: Abas Suriati 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper opens up a perspective for viewing the effect of globalization on ethnic restaurants in a college town, Bloomington, at Indiana, in the US. While existing scholarship on shop signs were focused on interpreting signages that are mostly visible from the exterior (e.g.Collins & Slembrouck, 2007;Malinowski, 2009;Ong, Ghesquière, & Serwe, 2013), this study examines publicly displayed material artefacts, and the dialogical relationship between customers and waiters, taking into account one aspect ofScollon and Scollon’s (2003)perceptual space which is highly visible in a restaurant: tastes. Through interviews, participant observations and geosemiotic analysis of signs inside and on the exterior of restaurants, I evinced a configuration of semiotic aggregates (Scollon & Scollon, 2003) drawing from my ethnographic work on ethnic foodscapes. Findings from the study suggest that multiple social actors contributed to shaping cosmopolitanism in a college town.
Transforming the urban public space
Authors: Moustaoui Adil 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article examines the use of Moroccan Arabic (MA) in the new Linguistic Landscape (LL) in Morocco, and in
particular in the city of Meknés, in a new neighbourhood known as (حمرية)
Hamriya or La Ville Nouvelle. In particular, the ways in which current socio-economic
transformations produce new spaces of communications are explored, highlighting the extent to which MA is used in urban public
spaces as new linguistic practices. In turn, the increasing visibility of MA in the LL and its subsequent nourishing of hybrid
practices are discussed. The data points to a re-semiotisation of space in a Moroccan linguistic regime historically characterized
by a well-established linguistic hierarchy. Ultimately, the use of MA creates new language practices and policies that resist and
transform the sociolinguistic regime which is analysed here by a close examination of linguistic variation in Arabic in the public
space.
Managing relationships through repetition
Authors: Machi Saeko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examines cross-speaker repetition in triadic conversations in the Japanese language. For the analysis, three sets of triadic conversations between close friends taken from a TV talk show are used. The results reveal that repetition in triadic conversations performs distinctive functions that are not observed in dyadic conversations: repetition often takes place between only two participants of the triad and allows the two to team up and strengthen their bond exclusively (teaming repetition), or even playfully tease the third participant (teasing repetition). Repetition is also shared between the three participants. In such cases, it allows the participants to create an instant bond by joking or referring to shared circumstances (immediate threefold repetition), or to gradually establish rapport by connecting their utterances and co-constructing a story (repetition relay). All these types of repetition express the participants’ points of view and contribute efficiently to their relationships that shift from moment to moment. The study further demonstrates cases in which one participant makes good use of various repetition types in a short period of time and efficiently allocates thoughts and feelings to the other two participants. The study concludes that repetition plays a significant role in Japanese conversation, helping speakers to converse smoothly and manage the dynamic relationships efficiently.