bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Control of the São Francisco River Delta from the Aeromagnetic Data, Brazil
Authors: Santos Alana Aderne Dos , Dutra Alanna Costa , Dominguez José M. Landim 
Published: July 2019

The São Francisco River delta is a Quaternary sandy plain built on a structural low of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, known as the São Francisco Low. The inner limit of the São Francisco River delta is defined by rectilinear cliffs between the delta plain and the Barreiras Formation, which coincide with important faults delimiting the São Francisco Low. Moreover, on the continental shelf, the deltaic clinoform developed over a topographic low limited by rectilinear scarps that present compatible orientation with the Sergipe-Alagoas structural framework. Thus, based on a theoretical background that indicates the existence of structural control over the formation of delta systems in general, and previous knowledge of this area, it is possible that the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin structure has influenced the delta. This relationship can be inferred using adequate methodology. Magnetometric data was integrated in the present study with the geological information on the area. The main objective was to evaluate the existing structural controls over the formation of the São Francisco delta and neighboring areas. The first stage of the present study consisted of a thorough bibliographic review and the search for pre-existing geophysical data in the region.
Magnetically Actuated Degradable Microrobots for Actively Controlled Drug Release and Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Park Jongeon , Jin Chaewon , Lee Seungmin , Kim Jin‐Young , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrorobots facilitate targeted therapy due to their small size, minimal invasiveness, and precise wireless control. A degradable hyperthermia microrobot (DHM) with a 3D helical structure is developed, enabling actively controlled drug delivery, release, and hyperthermia therapy. The microrobot is made of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and contains magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Its locomotion is remotely and precisely controlled by a rotating magnetic field (RMF) generated by an electromagnetic actuation system. Drug‐free DHMs reduce the viability of cancer cells by elevating the temperature under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), a hyperthermic effect. 5‐FU is released from the proposed DHMs in normal‐, high‐burst‐, and constant‐release modes, controlled by the AMF. Finally, actively controlled drug release from the DHMs in normal‐ and high‐burst‐release mode results in a reduction in cell viability. The reduction in cell viability is of greater magnitude in high‐burst‐ than in normal‐release mode. In summary, biodegradable DHMs have potential for actively controlled drug release and hyperthermia therapy.
Hollow, Rough, and Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Promoting Multiple Stages of Wound Healing
Authors: Ma Xiaomin , Cheng Yan , Jian Hui , Feng Yanlin , Chang Yun , Zheng Runxiao , Wu Xiaqing , Wang Li , Li Xi , Zhang Haiyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWound healing is a complex and sequential biological process that involves multiple stages. Although various nanomaterials are applied to accelerate the wound healing process, only a single stage is promoted during the process, lacking hierarchical stimulation. Herein, hollow CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with rough surface and l‐arginine inside (AhCeO2 NPs) are developed as a compact and programmable nanosystem for sequentially promoting the hemostasis, inflammation, and proliferation stages. The rough surface of AhCeO2 NPs works as a nanobridge to rapidly closure the wounds, promoting the hemostasis stage. The hollow structure of AhCeO2 NPs enables the multireflection of light inside particles, significantly enhancing the light harvest efficiency and electron–hole pair abundance. Simultaneously, the porous shell of AhCeO2 NPs facilitates the electron–hole separation and reactive oxygen species production, preventing wound infection and promotion wound healing during the inflammation stage. The enzyme mimicking property of AhCeO2 NPs can alleviate the oxidative injury in the wound, and the released l‐arginine can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) under the catalysis of inducible NO synthase, both of which promote the proliferation stage. A series of in vitro and in vitro biological assessments corroborate the effectiveness of AhCeO2 NPs in the wound healing process.
Graphene‐Based Mixed‐Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures for Advanced Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Lin Pei , Liao Qingliang , Kang Zhuo , Si Haonan , Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough the library of 2D atomic crystals has greatly expanded over the past years, research into graphene is still one of the focuses for both academia and business communities. Due to its unique electronic structure, graphene offers a powerful platform for exploration of novel 2D physics, and has significantly impacted a wide range of fields including energy, electronics, and photonics. Moreover, the versatility of combining graphene with other functional components provides a powerful strategy to design artificial van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures. Aside from the stacked 2D–2D vdWs heterostructure, in a broad sense graphene can hybridize with other non‐2D materials through vdWs interactions. Such mixed‐dimensional vdWs (MDWs) structures allow considerable freedom in material selection and help to harness the synergistic advantage of different dimensionalities, which may compensate for graphene's intrinsic shortcomings. A succinct overview of representative advances in graphene‐based MDWs heterostructures is presented, ranging from assembly strategies to applications in optoelectronics. The scientific merit and application advantages of these hybrid structures are particularly emphasized. Moreover, considering possible breakthroughs in new physics and application potential on an industrial scale, the challenges and future prospects in this active research field are highlighted.
Catalytic Scissoring of Lignin into Aryl Monomers
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLignin is an aromatic polymer, which is the biggest and most sustainable reservoir for aromatics. The selective conversion of lignin polymers into aryl monomers is a promising route to provide aromatics, but it is also a challenging task. Compared to cellulose, lignin remains the most poorly utilized biopolymer due to its complex structure. Although harsh conditions can degrade lignin, the aromatic rings are usually destroyed. This article comprehensively analyzes the challenges facing the scissoring of lignin into aryl monomers and summarizes the recent progress, focusing on the strategies and the catalysts to address the problems. Finally, emphasis is given to the outlook and future directions of this research.
Ge‐Doped ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 Nanocomposites with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Shokuhfar Ali , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ting , Cadavid Doris , Arbiol Jordi , Cabot Andreu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 nanocomposites are produced from Zn1.1−xGexSb mixtures using a two‐step process. First, proper amounts of the three elements are mixed, melted, and reacted at 800 K. During this process, the nonstoichiometric mixture is crystallized in a combination of ZnSb and β‐Zn4Sb3 phases. Then, the material is ball milled and subsequently hot pressed. Through this process, a dense ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 composite, consisting of β‐Zn4Sb3 nanoinclusions embedded within a ZnSb matrix, is formed. The particular phase distribution of the final ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 composites is a consequence of the harder and more brittle nature of ZnSb than Zn4Sb3, which translates into a stronger reduction of the size of the ZnSb crystal domains during ball milling. This small particle size and the high temperature generated during ball milling result in the melting of the ZnSb phase and the posterior crystallization of the two phases in a ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 matrix/nanoinclusion‐type phase distribution. This particular phase distribution and the presence of Ge result in excellent thermoelectric performances, with power factors up to 1.5 mW m−1 K−2, lattice thermal conductivities down to 0.74 W m−1 K−1, and a thermoelectric figures of merit, ZT, up to 1.2 at 650 K, which is among the highest ZT values reported for ZnSb.
From Bulk to Surface: Sodium Treatment Reduces Recombination at the Nickel Oxide/Perovskite Interface
Authors: Di Girolamo Diego , Phung Nga , Jošt Marko , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Chistiakova Ganna , Li Junming , Márquez José A. , Unold Thomas , Korte Lars , Albrecht Steve , Di Carlo Aldo , Dini Danilo , Abate Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effect of sodium doping in NiO as a contact layer for perovskite solar cells is investigated. A combined X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that Na+ mostly segregates as NaOx/NaCl species around NiO crystallites, with the effect of reducing interface capacitance as revealed by impedance spectroscopy. Inspired by this finding, the NiO/perovskite interface in perovskite solar cells is modified via insertion of an ultrathin NaCl interlayer, which increases the NiO work‐function by 0.3 eV. This leads to an increase of power conversion efficiency, approaching 18%, and open‐circuit voltage due to a remarkable suppression of surface recombination, as revealed by photoluminescence analysis and light intensity–dependent electrical measurements.
Clinical usefulness of conversion surgery for unresectable pancreatic cancer diagnosed on multidetector computed tomography imaging: Results from a multicenter observational cohort study by the Hokkaido Pancreatic Cancer Study Group (HOPS UR‐01)
Authors: Kimura Yasutoshi , Nakamura Toru , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuwatani Masaki , Motoya Masayo , Yoshida Makoto , Imamura Masafumi , Nagayama Minoru , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Yamakita Keisuke , Goto Takuma , Sakuhara Yusuke , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Hirano Satoshi , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimEffective multidisciplinary approaches for unresectable pancreatic cancer (UR‐PC) that include modern chemotherapeutic regimens and subsequent conversion surgery (CS) are being developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients clinically diagnosed with UR‐PC, focusing on the efficacy of CS.MethodsPatients ineligible for two multicenter phase II studies conducted by the Hokkaido Pancreatic Cancer Study Group (HOPS) were recruited. Sequential treatment regimens, conversion to radical surgery, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)‐based UR factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of OS.ResultsSixty‐six of 247 intended recruits for HOPS studies from October 2013 to April 2016 were included. Unresectability was due to locally advanced (LA) disease and metastasis (M) in 42 and 24 patients, respectively. Induction therapy began with chemotherapy (CT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in 44 and 17 patients, respectively, of whom 23 received modern CT regimens. Radical surgery was completed in 12 (LA, 10; M, two) with a median treatment interval of 10.3 months (range, 2‐32). Eleven patients (91.6%) achieved pathological R0 resection. Median OS was significantly longer in patients who underwent CS than those who did not (44.1 vs 14.5 months, P < 0.0001). CS was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio, 0.078; 95% confident interval, 0.017‐0.348; P = 0.001).ConclusionConversion surgery after a favorable response to sequential treatment might prolong survival in patients with UR‐PC. Precise diagnosis on MDCT followed by sequential multimodal anticancer treatment is essential.
Convection in a Krogh cylinder: Putting back fluid flow in the extravascular tissue
Authors: Qiu Xianjie , Sane Nandini , Neogi Parthasakha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModels for drug delivery are based on the use of stirred tanks to represent organs that contain no mass transfer resistances. In the original Krogh cylinder model, a mass transfer resistance shows up but there is no convection in the tissue where convection should matter. In the present study, a two‐dimensional flow field is used to show that when a liquid enters the capillary, some leave through the walls into the tissue at the arterial end and then doubles back into the capillary at the venous end. Some flow does not return which is taken to be the flow to the lymphatic system. We can get the measured transcapillary pressure drop of about 2,666 Pa if in addition the compliance of the tube wall is taken into account. Very realistic flow fields have been shown for a model liver and a tumor.
Chemoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of (Diborylmethyl)silanes with Alkenyl Bromides
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Lee Eunsung , Cho Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the development of a palladium‐catalyzed chemoselective cross‐coupling of (diborylmethyl)silanes with alkenyl bromides. The reaction shows broad scope with respect to alkenyl bromides and (diborylmethyl)silanes, affording a range of α‐silyl‐substituted allylic boronate esters in good‐to‐excellent yields. The practicality of the developed coupling reaction is demonstrated by the gram‐scale synthesis of α‐silyl‐substituted allylic boronate ester.
The effect of standard and high dose of rikkunshito on achievement of enteral nutrition target in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Doi Mitsunori , Miyamoto Kyohei , Shimokawa Toshio , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Kaneko Masahiro , Yonemitsu Takafumi , Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Haruka , Shibata Mami , Shibata Naoaki , Soda Midori , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Kato Seiya 
Published: July 2019

AimRikkunshito is a traditional Japanese medicine used for delayed gastric emptying in intensive care units in Japan. This study aimed to investigate whether standard‐ or high‐dose rikkunshito can improve the achievement of enteral calorie target among critically ill adults.MethodsThis open‐label, single‐center, pilot randomized controlled trial was carried out from March 2018 until December 2018 and enrolled critically ill adult patients requiring enteral nutrition by gastric tube for at least 5 days. Patients were randomized into the control group, the standard‐dose rikkunshito group (2.5 g three times daily), and the high‐dose rikkunshito group (5 g three times daily). Intervention was given for 5 days. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of enteral calorie intake achieved in the target at the fifth day after randomization.ResultsThe cohort comprised 26 patients; of these, 9, 8, and 9 were included in the control group, the standard‐dose group, and the high‐dose group, respectively. Twenty‐one patients (81%) were included in the primary analysis. The percentage of enteral calorie intake achieved in the target at the fifth day was 59% (interquartile range [IQR], 39–63%), 40% (IQR, 26–61%), and 62% (IQR, 17–83%) in the control, the standard‐dose, and the high‐dose groups, respectively (P = 0.42). The number of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups (control group, 4 [44%]; standard‐dose group, 3 [38%]; and high‐dose group, 4 [44%], P = 1.00).ConclusionsStandard‐ or high‐dose rikkunshito did not improve the achievement of enteral calorie target in critically ill adults.
Soluble ST2 links inflammation to outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Bevers Matthew B. , Wolcott Zoe , Bache Søren , Hansen Christina , Sastre Cristina , Mylvaganam Ravi , Koch Matthew J. , Patel Aman B. , Møller Kirsten , Kimberly W. Taylor 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), a prognostic marker in cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders, is associated with neurological injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).MethodsWe studied SAH patients from 2 independent cohorts. Outcome assessments included functional status at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), mortality, and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). The relationships between sST2 plasma level and outcome measures were assessed in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis. Primary blood mononuclear cells from SAH patients and elective aneurysm controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry.ResultsIn the discovery cohort, sST2 predicted 90‐day mRS 3–6 (C index = 0.724, p < 0.001) and mortality in Kaplan–Meier analysis (p < 0.001). The association with functional status was independent of age, sex, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies score, modified Fisher score, treatment modality, and cardiac comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 2.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–5.00, p = 0.039). Higher sST2 concentration was observed in those patients with DCI (90.8 vs 53.7ng/ml, p = 0.003). These associations were confirmed in a replication cohort. In patients with high sST2, flow cytometry identified decreased expression of CD14 (4.27 × 105 ± 2,950 arbitrary unit (AU) vs 5.64 × 105 ± 1,290 AU, p < 0.001), and increased expression of CD16 (39,960 ± 272 AU vs 34,869 ± 183 AU, p < 0.001).InterpretationPlasma sST2 predicts DCI, functional outcome, and mortality after SAH, independent of clinical and radiographic markers. Elevated sST2 is also associated with changes in CD14+CD16+ monocytes. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:384–394
Biomimetic Nanocones that Enable High Ion Permselectivity
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad A. , Wang Yaoming , Yasmin Aqsa , Ge Xiaolin , He Yubin , Liang Xian , Zhu Yuan , Hu Min , Xiao Xinle , Ge Liang , Jiang Chenxiao , Yang Zhengjin , Guiver Michael D. , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArtificial counterparts of conical‐shaped transmembrane protein channels are of interest in biomedical sciences for biomolecule detection and selective ion permeation based on ionic size and/or charge differences. However, industrial‐scale applications such as seawater desalination, separation of mono‐ from divalent cations, and treatment of highly‐saline industrial waste effluents are still big challenges for such biomimetic channels. A simple monomer seeding experimental approach is used to grow ionically conductive biomimetic charged nanocone pores at the surface of an acid‐functionalized membrane. These readily scalable nanocone membranes enable ultra‐fast cation permeation (Na+=8.4× vs. Mg2+=1.4×) and high ion charge selectivity (Na+/Mg2+=6×) compared to the commercial state‐of‐the‐art permselective membrane (CSO, Selemion, Japan) owing to negligible surface resistance and positively charged conical pore walls.
2D Crystal Engineering of Nanosheets Assembled from Helical Peptide Building Blocks
Authors: Merg Andrea D. , Touponse Gavin , van Genderen Eric , Zuo Xiaobing , Bazrafshan Alisina , Blum Thorsten , Hughes Spencer , Salaita Khalid , Abrahams Jan Pieter , Conticello Vincent P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe successful integration of 2D nanomaterials into functional devices hinges on developing fabrication methods that afford hierarchical control across length scales of the entire assembly. We demonstrate structural control over a class of crystalline 2D nanosheets assembled from collagen triple helices. By lengthening the triple helix unit through sequential additions of Pro‐Hyp‐Gly triads, we achieved sub‐angstrom tuning over the 2D lattice. These subtle changes influence the overall nanosheet size, which can be adjusted across the mesoscale size regime. The internal structure was observed by cryo‐TEM with direct electron detection, which provides real‐space high‐resolution images, in which individual triple helices comprising the lattice can be clearly discerned. These results establish a general strategy for tuning the structural hierarchy of 2D nanomaterials that employ rigid, cylindrical structural units.
Tuning Dispersity by Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation: Monomodal Distributions with ppm Copper Concentration
Authors: Whitfield Richard , Parkatzidis Kostas , Rolland Manon , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDispersity significantly affects the properties of polymers. However, current methods for controlling the polymer dispersity are limited to bimodal molecular weight distributions, adulterated polymer chains, or low end‐group fidelity and rely on feeding reagents, flow‐based, or multicomponent systems. To overcome these limitations, we report a simple batch system whereby photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerisation is exploited as a convenient and versatile technique to control dispersity of both homopolymers and block copolymers. By varying the concentration of the copper complex, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions can be obtained (Đ=1.05–1.75). In all cases, high end‐group fidelity was confirmed by MALDI‐ToF‐MS and exemplified by efficient block copolymer formation (monomodal, Đ=1.1–1.5). Importantly, our approach utilises ppm levels of copper (as low as 4 ppm), can be tolerant to oxygen and exhibits perfect temporal control, representing a major step forward in tuning polymer dispersity for various applications.
A Cyclopropene Electrophile that Targets Glutathione S‐Transferase Omega‐1 in Cells
Authors: Wørmer Gustav J. , Hansen Bente K. , Palmfeldt Johan , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCyclopropenes are an important new addition to the portfolio of functional groups that can be used for bioorthogonal couplings. The inert nature of these highly strained compounds in complex biological systems is almost counterintuitive given their established electrophilic properties in organic synthesis. Here we provide the first demonstration of a cyclopropene that is capable of direct conjugation to protein targets in cells and show that this compound preferentially alkylates the active site cysteine of glutathione S‐transferase omega‐1 (GSTO1).
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, Thermal study and Conduction mechanism of [(C4H9)4P]3Bi2Cl9 compound
Authors: Elgahami H. , Trigui W. , Oueslati A. , Lhoste J. , Hlel F. 
Published: July 2019

A novel tris (tetrabutylphosphonium) nonachlorodibismuthate (III) compound has been synthesized and characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, calorimetric, IR spectroscopy and electrical measurements. X‐ray diffraction analysis at room temperature reveals that the title compound belongs to the monoclinic system with P21/c space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 19.201(6) Å, b = 16.743 (5) Å, c = 22.396 (8) Å, β = 98.96 (2)° and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved down to R equal to 0.035 for 5597 independent reflections. The crystal package is provided by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds (C‐H….Cl). Intermolecular interactions present in the grown single crystal were analyzed by Hirshfeld surface and 2‐dimensional fingerprint plot. The differential scanning calorimetry reveals one order–disorder phase transition at 400 ± 5 K.The electrical conductivity were carried out in the frequency range 200 Hz–1 MHz at various temperatures 343–413 K using impedance spectroscopy technique. The obtained results were analyzed by fitting the experimental data to an equivalent circuit model. The temperature dependence of alternating and direct current conductivities confirms the observed phase transition in the calorimetric study; they were described in terms of Arrhenius relation. AC conductivity measurements reveal that the conduction depends on both frequency and temperature, this agrees well with Correlated Barrier Hopping model in phase I and II.