bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prey Dynamics and the Breeding Phenology of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo)
Authors: Safina Carl , Burger Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examined fish dynamics within the temporal framework of the reproductive cycle of Common Terns from 1982-1985. The hypothesis that the breeding season of terns is timed to overlap with a seasonal increase in food abundance was supported by the data. Prey fish were more available during breeding than postfledging. However, the further hypothesis that the timing of tern breeding is adapted to exploit peak prey availability while feeding growing chicks was not generally supported over the course of the study. Food for terns peaked and began to decline before the period of peak demand of food by chicks.
3D genome organization during lymphocyte development and activation
Authors: van Schoonhoven Anne , Huylebroeck Danny , Hendriks Rudi W , Stadhouders Ralph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chromosomes have a complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture comprising A/B compartments, topologically associating domains and promoter–enhancer interactions. At all these levels, the 3D genome has functional consequences for gene transcription and therefore for cellular identity. The development and activation of lymphocytes involves strict control of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) operating in a three-dimensionally organized chromatin landscape. As lymphocytes are indispensable for tissue homeostasis and pathogen defense, and aberrant lymphocyte activity is involved in a wide range of human morbidities, acquiring an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control lymphocyte identity is highly relevant. Here we review current knowledge of the interplay between 3D genome organization and transcriptional control during B and T lymphocyte development and antigen-dependent activation, placing special emphasis on the role of TFs.
A Scoping Review of Interventions to Promote Health and Well-Being of Left-behind Children in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Victor Bryan G , Hong Jun Sung , Wu Shiyou , Huang Jin , Luan Hui , Perron Brian E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Approximately 65 million children in mainland China are left behind in rural areas while their parents work in the cities. Research has highlighted their health needs. However, current research on interventions for this population is unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically review existing health service interventions for left-behind children in China. The study team identified interventions for left-behind children by conducting a comprehensive search of major academic databases for Chinese and English research. Articles were retained in the study if they were original empirical intervention studies that target health and related well-being outcomes of left-behind children. A total of eighteen unique studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of them demonstrated positive outcomes using various modalities, including education, sport and nutrition guidance and nursing services. However, the shortcomings in research design and intervention limit their replication. Intervention research for left-behind children shows an enormous gap in the knowledge about this at-risk group. Of the existing programs identified, we observe considerable promise for interventions based on inter-disciplinary approaches to services. We provide additional recommendations for conducting future research and for building collaborative relationships with social workers to better serve the needs of children.
Hippocampal Subfields and Limbic White Matter Jointly Predict Learning Rate in Older Adults
Authors: Bender Andrew R , Brandmaier Andreas M , Düzel Sandra , Keresztes Attila , Pasternak Ofer , Lindenberger Ulman , Kühn Simone 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Age-related memory impairments have been linked to differences in structural brain parameters, including cerebral white matter (WM) microstructure and hippocampal (HC) volume, but their combined influences are rarely investigated. In a population-based sample of 337 older participants aged 61–82 years (Mage = 69.66, SDage = 3.92 years), we modeled the independent and joint effects of limbic WM microstructure and HC subfield volumes on verbal learning. Participants completed a verbal learning task of recall over five repeated trials and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including structural and diffusion scans. We segmented three HC subregions on high-resolution MRI data and sampled mean fractional anisotropy (FA) from bilateral limbic WM tracts identified via deterministic fiber tractography. Using structural equation modeling, we evaluated the associations between learning rate and latent factors representing FA sampled from limbic WM tracts, and HC subfield volumes, and their latent interaction. Results showed limbic WM and the interaction of HC and WM—but not HC volume alone—predicted verbal learning rates. Model decomposition revealed HC volume is only positively associated with learning rate in individuals with higher WM anisotropy. We conclude that the structural characteristics of limbic WM regions and HC volume jointly contribute to verbal learning in older adults.
Motor Conflict: Revealing Involuntary Conditioned Motor Preparation Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Tran D M D , Harris J A , Harris I M , Livesey E J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPreparing actions to achieve goals, overriding habitual responses, and substituting actions that are no longer relevant are aspects of motor control often assumed to be driven by deliberate top-down processes. In the present study, we investigated whether motor control could come under involuntary control of environmental cues that have been associated with specific actions in the past. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe corticospinal excitability as an index of motor preparation, while participants performed a Go/No-Go task (i.e., an action outcome or no action outcome task) and rated what trial was expected to appear next (Go or No-Go). We found that corticospinal excitability during a warning cue for the upcoming trial closely matched recent experience (i.e., cue–outcome pairings), despite conflicting with what participants expected would appear. The results reveal that in an action–outcome task, neurophysiological indices of motor preparation show changes that are consistent with participants learning to associate a preparatory warning cue with a specific action, and are not consistent with the action that participants explicitly anticipate making. This dissociation with conscious expectancy ratings reveals that conditioned responding and motor preparation can operate independently of conscious expectancies about having to act.
Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar UPLC for Direct, Sensitive and Selective Determination of Water Soluble Vitamins in Milk
Authors: Albishri Hassan M , Almalawi Abdullah M , Alshitari Wael , El-Hady Deia Abd 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCyclodextrin-modified micellar ultra pressure liquid chromatography (CD-MUPLC) was firstly developed and directly applied to the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins thiamine hydrochloride (VB1), pyridoxine hydrochloride (VB6) and ascorbic acid (VC) in milk samples. A hybrid isocratic mobile phase consisting of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, 5.0 mmol L−1) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 0.1 mol L−1) in the presence of acetic acid (0.1 mol L−1) at pH 2.9 on a RP-C18 column at 25.0°C was successfully used. The separation of vitamins was achieved in less than 10 min at a 0.2 mL min−1 flow rate showing adequate linearity at 245 nm in the ranges of 5.0–500.0 μg L−1 for VB1, 5.0–1000.0 μg L−1 for VB6 and 5.0–10000.0 μg L−1 for VC with coefficients of variation (r2) of 0.9999, 0.9987 and 0.9971, respectively. In addition, limits of detection obtained were 0.885, 1.352 and 1.358 μg L−1 and limits of quantification were 2.681, 4.096 and 4.115 μg L−1 for VB1, VB6 and VC, respectively. The high sensitivity of the proposed CD-MUPLC-UV method permitted its applications to the determination of water-soluble vitamins VB1 (32–488 μg L−1), VB6 (82–95 μg L−1) and VC (790–45000 μg L−1) in breast and bovine milk samples. The relative standard deviations and recoveries ranged between 0.07 and 2.14% and between 85.27 and 114.8%, respectively, indicating the accurate and precise measurements without any negative impact of matrix. The current analytical method illustrated several advantages including direct, sensitive, selective and non-consuming organic solvents over the hitherto published methods. These features could be attributed to the four-point competitive interactions among analytes, pseudostationary phases and modified C18 stationary phases.
Ribavirin for Hepatitis E Virus Infection After Organ Transplantation: A Large European Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Kamar Nassim , Abravanel Florence , Behrendt Patrick , Hofmann Jörg , Pageaux Georges Phillippe , Barbet Christelle , Moal Valérie , Couzi Lionel , Horvatits Thomas , De Man Robert A , Cassuto Elisabeth , Elsharkawy Ahmed M , Riezebos-Brilman Annelies , Scemla Anne , Hillaire Sophie , Donnelly Mhairi C , Radenne Sylvie , Sayegh Johnny , Garrouste Cyril , Dumortier Jérôme , Glowaki François , Matignon Marie , Coilly Audrey , Figueres Lucile , Mousson Christiane , Minello Anne , Dharancy Sébastien , Rerolle Jean Philippe , Lebray Pascal , Etienne Isabelle , Perrin Peggy , Choi Mira , Marion Olivier , Izopet Jacques ,   Hepatitis E Virus Ribavirin Study Group, Bellière J , Cointault O , Del Bello A , Espostio L , Hebral A L , Lavayssière L , Lhomme S , Mansuy J M , Wedemeyer H , Nickel P , Bismuth M , Stefic K , Büchler M , D’Alteroche L , Colson P , Bufton S , Ramière C , Trimoulet P , Pischke S , Todesco E , Sberro Soussan R , Legendre C , Mallet V , Johannessen I , Simpson K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Ribavirin is currently recommended for treating chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. This retrospective European multicenter study aimed to assess the sustained virological response (SVR) in a large cohort of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with chronic HEV infection treated with ribavirin monotherapy (N = 255), to identify the predictive factors for SVR, and to evaluate the impact of HEV RNA mutations on virological response.

Methods
Data from 255 SOT recipients with chronic HEV infection from 30 European centers were analyzed. Ribavirin was given at the median dose of 600 (range, 29–1200) mg/day (mean, 8.6 ± 3.6 mg/kg/day) for a median duration of 3 (range, 0.25–18) months.

Results
After a first course of ribavirin, the SVR rate was 81.2%. It increased to 89.8% when some patients were offered a second course of ribavirin. An increased lymphocyte count at the initiation of therapy was a predictive factor for SVR, while poor hematological tolerance of ribavirin requiring its dose reduction (28%) and blood transfusion (15.7%) were associated with more relapse after ribavirin cessation. Pretreatment HEV polymerase mutations and de novo mutations under ribavirin did not have a negative impact on HEV clearance. Anemia was the main adverse event.

Conclusions
This large-scale retrospective study confirms that ribavirin is highly efficient for treating chronic HEV infection in SOT recipients and shows that the predominant HEV RNA polymerase mutations found in this study do not affect the rate of HEV clearance.
This large-scale retrospective study that included 255 solid organ transplant recipients confirms that ribavirin is highly efficient for treating chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and shows that HEV RNA polymerase mutations do not play a role in HEV clearance.
Determining the Utility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nares Screening in Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Mergenhagen Kari A , Starr Kaitlyn E , Wattengel Bethany A , Lesse Alan J , Sumon Zarchi , Sellick John A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Treatment of suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a cornerstone of many antibiotic regimens; however, there is associated toxicity. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals screen each patient for MRSA nares colonization on admission and transfer. The objective was to determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of MRSA screening in the determination of subsequent positive clinical culture for MRSA. High NPVs with MRSA nares screening may be used as a stewardship tool.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study across VA medical centers nationwide from 1 January 2007 to 1 January 2018. Data from patients with MRSA nares screening were obtained from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Subsequent clinical cultures within 7 days of the nares swab were evaluated for the presence of MRSA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and NPVs were calculated for the entire cohort as well as subgroups for specific culture sites.

Results
This cohort yielded 561 325 clinical cultures from a variety of anatomical sites. The sensitivity and specificity for positive MRSA clinical culture were 67.4% and 81.2%, respectively. The NPV of MRSA nares screening for ruling out MRSA infection was 96.5%. The NPV for bloodstream infections was 96.5%, for intraabdominal cultures it was 98.6%, for respiratory cultures it was 96.1%, for wound cultures it was 93.1%, and for cultures from the urinary system it was 99.2%.

Conclusion
Given the high NPVs, MRSA nares screening may be a powerful stewardship tool for deescalation and avoidance of empirical anti-MRSA therapy.
Proof of Greatness or Evidence of Modesty? A Comparative Analysis of China’s Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Ye Min , Li Quan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Any serious discussion about the consequences of China’s rise must start with a systematic and rigorous assessment of China’s actual influence and status in the international system. In this article, we examine a widely used indicator in the debate about China’s international status. Although many existing studies see China’s active participation in United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping Operations as incontestable evidence of China’s great power status, others contend that it signifies the status of only a middle power. We posit that China’s policy behaviour should be evaluated in a comparative manner, and from a dynamic perspective. After comparing the patterns and features of China’s personnel contributions with that of 20 other major countries in the world, we find that China’s behaviour is more similar to that of developing ‘middle powers’, such as Turkey, India, and Brazil, as opposed to established ‘great powers’ such as other permanent members of the UN Security Council or traditional ‘western middle powers’.
Adaptive IoT Empowered Smart Road Traffic Congestion Control System Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Ata Ayesha , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Abbas Sagheer , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Ahmad Gulzar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The concept of smart systems blessed with different technologies can enable many algorithms used in Machine Learning (ML) and the world of the Internet of Things (IoT). In a modern city many different sensors can be used for information collection. Algorithms that are cast-off in Machine Learning improves the capabilities and intelligence of a system when the amount of data collectedincreases. In this research, we propose a TCC-SVM system model to analyse traffic congestion in the environment of a smart city. The proposed model comprises an ML-enabled IoT-based road traffic congestion control system whereby the occurrence of congestion at a specific point is notified.
Thucydideses: authorship, anachrony, and anachronism in Greek historiography
Authors: Greenwood Emily 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article revisits the theme of temporality in ancient Greek historiography through the lens of the Byzantine Histories of Laonikos Chalkokondyles, who fastened onto the device of the anachronic, proleptic future in Herodotus and Thucydides to license his apparently anachronistic device of writing in the language and persona of both, eighteen centuries after they wrote. In Laonikos’ account, his narrative is part of the future of ‘Greek’ history anticipated by Herodotus and Thucydides. Laonikos’ clever assimilation of Herodotus and Thucydides sheds new light on Thucydides’ own reduplication of himself to project an authorial and textual future. This strong, anachronic move has made Thucydides’ work assimilable by future readers and also opened up the work to the contingencies of reception, with its potential for anachronism.
Oviposition Substrate Selection, Egg Mass Characteristics, Host Preference, and Life History of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in North America
Authors: Liu Houping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oviposition substrate selection, egg mass characteristics, host preference, and life history of Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) were studied in Pennsylvania between 2016 and 2017. Twenty-four substrate types (trees, shrubs, and nonliving materials) were selected by females for oviposition. Tree-of-heaven, black cherry, black birch, and sweet cherry were favored at 62.5% of the types and accounted for 68.5% of the egg masses based on survey results 200 cm above ground. Egg mass density ranged between 0.2 and 75.2 egg masses/m2 with no significant difference among substrate types. Egg mass size ranged between 0 and 192 eggs/egg mass, with 91.8% containing <50 eggs. Significantly larger egg masses were found on sweet and black cherry compared with tree-of-heaven, with significantly higher hatch success on black locust. Eggs hatched between May 2 and June 5 and peaked on 18 May 2017. Tree-of-heaven and summer grape were preferred by nymphs and adults, while multiflora rose and black walnut were favored by the first, second, and the fourth instar nymphs, respectively. The first, second, third, fourth instars and adults lasted for 62 (2 May–3 July), 42 (8 June–20 July), 35 (26 June—31 July), 39 (10 July—18 Aug.), and 114 (24 July—15 Nov.) days, with peaks on 25 May, 22 June, 6 July, 31 July, and 22 Aug., respectively. Adult feed for 2 months before laying eggs in early October. Cumulative degree-days were 0–325, 153–652, 340–881, 567–1,020, 738–1,227, and 942–1,795 for the egg, first, second, third, fourth instar, and adult stage, respectively. Oviposition strategies and development patterns were discussed.
Spatial and Climatic Factors Influence Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Abundance in Intensively Managed Plantations of Eastern Black Walnut
Authors: Williams G M , Ginzel M D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Invasive ambrosia beetles are among the most economically important pests of forest and plantation trees world-wide. The development of effective management guidelines for these pests in plantations of high-value hardwood species is hindered by a lack of baseline information regarding their seasonal abundance and dispersal behavior. By analyzing long-term monitoring data from intensively-managed plantations of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in north-central Indiana, we identified key spatial and climatic variables that could improve the timing and precision of management actions to reduce ambrosia beetle populations. We also used geospatial analyses to compare species-specific spatial patterns of population density and evaluate the sensitivity of the trap density deployed in our long-term monitoring efforts. Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg and Xylosandrus crassiusculus Matschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant during the spring in years preceded by a hot, dry growing season, and cold winter. Both species were positively associated with plantation edges during the fall flight period. However, X. saxesenii was less abundant in plantations close to forest corridors, whereas X. crassiusculus was more abundant in plantations closer to woodlots and other walnut plantations. Geospatial analysis revealed X. crassiusculus is active in larger, more spatially continuous patches than X. saxesenii, and that 200-m trap spacing is likely to be sufficient to detect both species in the spring flight period but may be insufficient to detect X. saxesenii during the fall flight period. Our findings underscore the power and utility of long-term monitoring to improve management strategies.
Inferring Invasion Paths Into Cotton by Creontiades dilutus (Hemiptera: Miridae) From Arid Zone and Agricultural Sources
Authors: Cappadonna J K , Hereward J P , Walter G H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Managing agricultural pests that use multiple host plant species is a challenge when individuals move between host plants in natural vegetation and agricultural environments. The green mirid (Creontiades dilutus) Stål (Hemiptera: Miridae) is endemic to Australia and routinely invades cotton from local uncultivated vegetation, but may also originate from remote locations in the arid continental interior. This bug is polyphagous and highly mobile, which contributes to its pest status in cotton L. (Malvaceae) systems as well as its persistence in arid environments with sparsely distributed ephemeral host plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate how C. dilutus individuals use a variety of host species across remote arid regions and highly managed agricultural landscapes. Structured field surveys spanning vast areas across the Simpson Desert in the arid heart of Australia, as well as subcoastal cotton production systems, were designed to evaluate host use across environments that share few plant species. High numbers of C. dilutus were collected from Cullen australasicum (Schltdl.) J.W.Grimes (Fabaceae) (perennial hosts) and Goodenia cycloptera R.Br. (Goodeniaceae) (ephemeral hosts) in the desert following rain. In agricultural environments, C. dilutus bugs were mostly found on irrigated Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) (lucerne), and to a lesser extent Melilotus indicus (L.) All. (Fabaceae) near rivers. Significantly, bugs were on these plants prior to the planting of cotton across all environments surveyed. These data allow inferences relating host use, host abundance, and insect migration to one another to understand the connection that C. dilutus bugs have between arid and agricultural environments.