bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restorative surgery after colectomy for ulcerative colitis in England and Sweden: observations from a comparison of nationwide cohorts
Authors: Worley G. , Nordenvall C. , Askari A. , Pinkney T. , Burns E. , Akbar A. , Olén O. , Ekbom A. , Bottai M. , Myrelid P. , Faiz O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimA longstanding disparity exists between the approaches to restorative surgery after colectomy for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in England and Sweden. This study aims to compare rates of colectomy and restorative surgery in comparable national cohorts.MethodThe English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) were interrogated between 2002 and April 2012. Patients with two diagnostic episodes for UC (age ≥ 15 years) were included. Patients were excluded if they had an episode of inflammatory bowel disease or colectomy before 2002. The cumulative incidences of colectomy and restorative surgery were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 98 691 patients were included in the study, 76 129 in England and 22 562 in Sweden. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of all restorative surgery after colectomy in England was 33% vs 46% in Sweden (P‐value < 0.001). Of the patients undergoing restorative surgery, 92.3% of English patients had a pouch vs 38.8% in Sweden and 7.7% vs 59.1% respectively had an ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of colectomy in this study cohort was 13% in England and 6% in Sweden (P‐value < 0.001).ConclusionFollowing colectomy for UC only one‐third of English patients and half of Swedish patients underwent restorative surgery. In England nearly all these patients underwent pouches, in Sweden a less significant majority underwent IRAs. It is surprising to demonstrate this discrepancy in a comparable cohort of patients from similar healthcare systems. The causes and consequences of this international variation in management are not fully understood and require further investigation.
Decreased risk for microscopic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease among patients with reflux disease
Authors: Sonnenberg A. , Turner K. O. , Genta R. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimPrevious studies have found an increased risk for microscopic colitis (MC) associated with proton pump inhibitors. In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), proton pump inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk for IBD flares and impaired outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the epidemiological associations between gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and MC, UC or CD in a large database.MethodThe Miraca Life Sciences Database is a national electronic repository of histopathological records of patients distributed throughout the entire USA. A case–control study evaluated whether the presence of Barrett's metaplasia, erosive oesophagitis on endoscopy or histological signs of reflux oesophagitis, clinical diagnosis of GERD or any GERD type affected the occurrence of MC, UC or CD among 228 506 subjects undergoing bidirectional endoscopy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate ORs and their 95% CI for the risk of MC, UC or CD associated with various types of GERD and were adjusted for age, sex and presence of Helicobacter pylori.ResultsThe analysis revealed an inverse relationship between GERD and different types of inflammatory bowel disease. The inverse relationships applied similarly to MC (mean = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.58–0.66), UC (mean = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.97) and CD (mean = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69–0.85). It also applied to different forms of GERD, with a trend towards more pronounced inverse relationships associated with Barrett's metaplasia or erosive oesophagitis than clinical diagnosis of GERD.ConclusionGastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is inversely associated with all forms of inflammatory bowel disease, such as MC, UC, or CD.
Overstating the value of the IUCN Red List for business decision‐making
Authors: Burgass Michael J. , Arlidge William N.S. , Addison Prue F.E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe relationship between business and conservation is growing increasingly closer, with the recognition that collaboration can lead to better outcomes for biodiversity. Bennun et al. introduce the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (the Red List) to inform businesses' mitigation of biodiversity impacts; and subsequently how it can be improved to further increase its effectiveness. While we applaud this ever‐closer union of business and conservation, we believe the authors overinflate the value of the Red List in decision‐making, do not account for its limitations and therefore do not justify their conclusions for improving the Red List for business use. We are concerned this focus on wide application of the Red List promotes it as a “one‐stop‐shop” and could lead to discounting of more appropriate approaches.
Durability of the hepatitis B vaccination in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Miller‐Handley Hilary , Paulsen Grant , Hooper David K. , Lake Michael , Lazear Danielle , Danziger‐Isakov Lara 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine implementation, HBV infection has significantly decreased. However, adult renal transplant recipients show a higher rate of seroreversion compared to the general population, leading to HBV infection risk. Data are limited in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Retrospective data were collected to determine the seroprotection and durability of HBV vaccination in pediatric renal transplant patients from 2004 to 2014. One hundred subjects were categorized based on pre‐ and post‐transplant hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). Pretransplant, 85 recipients (85%) had a positive HBsAb compared to 15 (15%) with negative HBsAb. In univariable analyses, other than age (P < .05) no significant differences existed pretransplant by demographics, pretransplantation dialysis, or number of vaccinations. Of the 85 pretransplantation responders, 53 (62%) remained HBsAb positive post‐transplantation, 28 (32%) seroreverted, and 4 developed indeterminate titers. All seroreversions occurred within 5 years post‐transplant. Receipt of a living donor organ had higher risk of reversion (P = .005). No significant differences were found in demographics, pretransplantation dialysis, vaccination number, or acute rejection. Despite vaccination, 15% of pediatric renal transplant candidates were seronegative, and an additional 32% lost seroprotection within 5 years post‐transplantation leaving nearly half of transplant recipients at risk for HBV infection.
A Translational Model of Incomplete Catch‐Up Growth: Early‐Life Hypoxia and the Effect of Physical Activity
Authors: Radom‐Aizik Shlomit , Zaldivar Frank P. , Nance Dwight M. , Haddad Fadia , Cooper Dan M. , Adams Gregory R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvances in therapies have led to prolonged survival from many previously lethal health threats in children, notably among prematurely born babies and those with congenital heart disease. Evidence for catch‐up growth is common in these children, but in many cases the adult phenotype is never achieved. A translational animal model is required in which specific tissues can be studied over a reasonable time interval. We investigated the impact of postnatal hypoxia (HY) (12%O2 (HY12) or 10% O2 (HY10)) on growth in rats relative to animals raised in room air. Subgroups had access to running wheels following the HY period. Growth was fully compensated in adult HY12 rats but not HY10 rats. The results of this study indicate that neonatal hypoxia can be a useful model for the elucidation of mechanisms that mediate successful catch‐up growth following neonatal insults and identify the critical factors that prevent successful catch‐up growth.
Can Graphics Tell Lies? A Tutorial on How To Visualize Your Data
Authors: Cabanski Christopher , Gilbert Houston , Mosesova Sofia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVisualizations are a powerful tool for telling a story about a data set or analysis. If done correctly, visualizations not only display data but also help the audience digest key information. However, if done haphazardly, visualization has the potential to confuse the audience and, in the most extreme circumstances, deceive. In this tutorial, we provide a set of general principles for creating informative visualizations that tell a complete and accurate story of the data.
Complexities of perceived and actual performance in pathology interpretation: A comparison of cutaneous melanocytic skin and breast interpretations
Authors: Carney Patricia A. , Frederick Paul D. , Reisch Lisa M. , Titus Linda , Knezevich Stevan R. , Weinstock Martin A. , Piepkorn Michael W. , Barnhill Raymond L. , Elder David E. , Weaver Donald L. , Elmore Joann G. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about how pathologists process differences between actual and perceived interpretations.ObjectiveTo compare perceived and actual diagnostic agreement before and after educational interventions.MethodsPathologists interpreted test sets of skin and/or breast specimens that included benign, atypical, in situ and invasive lesions. Interventions involved self‐directed learning, one skin and one breast, that showed pathologists how their interpretations compared to a reference diagnoses. Prior to the educational intervention, participants estimated how their interpretations would compare to the reference diagnoses. After the intervention, participants estimated their overall agreement with the reference diagnoses. Perceived and actual agreements were compared.ResultsFor pathologists interpreting skin, mean actual agreement was 52.4% and overall pre‐ and postinterventional mean perceived agreement was 72.9% vs 54.2%, an overestimated mean difference of 20.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.2% to 24.0%) and 1.8% (95% CI −0.5% to 4.1%), respectively. For pathologists interpreting breast, mean actual agreement was 75.9% and overall pre‐ and postinterventional mean perceived agreement was 81.4% vs 76.9%, an overestimation of 5.5% (95% CI 3.0% to 8.0%) and 1.0% (95% CI 0.0% to 2.0%), respectively.ConclusionsPathologists interpreting breast tissue had improved comprehension of their performance after the intervention compared to pathologists interpreting skin lesions.
Validation study for development of the Japan NBI Expert Team classification of colorectal lesions
Authors: Iwatate Mineo , Sano Yasushi , Tanaka Shinji , Kudo Shin‐ei , Saito Shoichi , Matsuda Takahisa , Wada Yoshiki , Fujii Takahiro , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Uraoka Toshio , Kobayashi Nozomu , Nakamura Hisashi , Hotta Kinichi , Horimatsu Takahiro , Sakamoto Naoto , Fu Kuang‐I , Tsuruta Osamu , Kawano Hiroshi , Kashida Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yoji , Machida Hirohisa , Kusaka Toshihiro , Yoshida Naohisa , Hirata Ichiro , Terai Takeshi , Yamano Hiro‐o , Nakajima Takeshi , Sakamoto Taku , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Tamai Naoto , Nakano Naoko , Hayashi Nana , Oka Shiro , Ishikawa Hideki , Murakami Yoshitaka , Yoshida Shigeaki , Saito Yutaka ,   The Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET)
Published: March 2018

Background and AimThe Japan narrow‐band imaging (NBI) Expert Team (JNET) was organized to unify four previous magnifying NBI classifications (the Sano, Hiroshima, Showa, and Jikei classifications). The JNET working group created criteria (referred to as the NBI scale) for evaluation of vessel pattern (VP) and surface pattern (SP). We conducted a multicenter validation study of the NBI scale to develop the JNET classification of colorectal lesions.MethodsTwenty‐five expert JNET colonoscopists read 100 still NBI images with and without magnification on the web to evaluate the NBI findings and necessity of the each criterion for the final diagnosis.ResultsSurface pattern in magnifying NBI images was necessary for diagnosis of polyps in more than 60% of cases, whereas VP was required in around 90%. Univariate/multivariate analysis of candidate findings in the NBI scale identified three for type 2B (variable caliber of vessels, irregular distribution of vessels, and irregular or obscure surface pattern), and three for type 3 (loose vessel area, interruption of thick vessel, and amorphous areas of surface pattern). Evaluation of the diagnostic performance for these three findings in combination showed that the sensitivity for types 2B and 3 was highest (44.9% and 54.7%, respectively), and that the specificity for type 3 was acceptable (97.4%) when any one of the three findings was evident. We found that the macroscopic type (polypoid or non‐polypoid) had a minor influence on the key diagnostic performance for types 2B and 3.ConclusionBased on the present data, we reached a consensus for developing the JNET classification.
Continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS): A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Voormolen Daphne N. , DeVries J. Hans , Sanson Rieneke M. E. , Heringa Martijn P. , de Valk Harold W. , Kok Marjolein , van Loon Aren J. , Hoogenberg Klaas , Bekedam Dick J. , Brouwer Teri C. B. , Porath Martina , Erdtsieck Ronald J. , NijBijvank Bas , Kip Huib , van der Heijden Olivier W. H. , Elving Lammy D. , Hermsen Brenda B. , Potter van Loon B. J. , Rijnders Robert J. P. , Jansen Henry J. , Langenveld Josje , Akerboom Bettina M. C. , Kiewiet Rosalie M. , Naaktgeboren Christiana A. , Mol Ben W. J. , Franx Arie , Evers Inge M. 
Published: March 2018

AimDiabetes is associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Optimal glycaemic control is fundamental and is traditionally monitored with self‐measured glucose profiles and periodic HbA1c measurements. We investigated the effectiveness of additional use of retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in diabetic pregnancies.Material and methodsWe performed a nationwide multicentre, open label, randomized, controlled trial to study pregnant women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who were undergoing insulin therapy at gestational age < 16 weeks, or women who were undergoing insulin treatment for gestational diabetes at gestational age < 30 weeks. Women were randomly allocated (1:1) to intermittent use of retrospective CGM or to standard treatment. Glycaemic control was assessed by CGM for 5‐7 days every 6 weeks in the CGM group, while self‐monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c measurements were applied in both groups. Primary outcome was macrosomia, defined as birth weight above the 90th percentile. Secondary outcomes were glycaemic control and maternal and neonatal complications.ResultsBetween July 2011 and September 2015, we randomized 300 pregnant women with type 1 (n = 109), type 2 (n = 82) or with gestational (n = 109) diabetes to either CGM (n = 147) or standard treatment (n = 153). The incidence of macrosomia was 31.0% in the CGM group and 28.4% in the standard treatment group (relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83‐1.37). HbA1c levels were similar between treatment groups.ConclusionsIn diabetic pregnancy, use of intermittent retrospective CGM did not reduce the risk of macrosomia. CGM provides detailed information concerning glycaemic fluctuations but, as a treatment strategy, does not translate into improved pregnancy outcome.
Use of the waist‐to‐height ratio to predict cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE‐ON study
Authors: Rådholm Karin , Chalmers John , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Peters Sanne , Poulter Neil , Hamet Pavel , Harrap Stephen , Woodward Mark 
Published: March 2018

AimsPatients with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Central obesity has been particularly associated with this risk relationship. We aimed to evaluate waist to height ratio (WHtR) as a predictor of risk in such patients.MethodsWHtR was evaluated as a predictor of the risk of CVD and mortality amongst 11 125 participants with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE and ADVANCE‐ON studies, and was compared with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist hip ratio (WHR). Primary outcome was a composite of death from CVD, non‐fatal myocardial infarction or non‐fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and death from any cause. Cox models were used, with bootstrapping to compare associations between anthropometric measures for the primary outcome.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 9.0 years. There was a positive association between WHtR and adverse outcomes. The hazard ratio (HR) (confidence interval), per SD higher WHtR, was 1.16 (1.11‐1.22) for the primary endpoint, with no heterogeneity by sex or region, but a stronger effect in individuals aged 66 years or older. The other 3 anthropometric measurements showed similar associations, although there was evidence that WHtR marginally outperformed BMI and WHR. Based on commonly used BMI cut‐points, the equivalent WHtR cut‐points were estimated to be 0.55 and 0.6, with no evidence of a difference across subgroups.ConclusionsIn patients with diabetes, WHtR is a useful indicator of future adverse risk, with similar effects in different population subgroups.
Filling the gap between chemical carcinogenesis and the hallmarks of cancer: A temporal perspective
Authors: Demetriou Christiana A. , Degli Esposti Davide , Pullen Fedinick Kristi , Russo Federica , Robinson Oliver , Vineis Paolo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCancer is believed to arise through the perturbation of pathways and the order of pathway perturbation events can enhance understanding and evaluation of carcinogenicity. This order has not been examined so far, and this study aimed to fill this gap by attempting to gather evidence on the potential temporal sequence of events in carcinogenesis.DesignThe methodology followed was to discuss first the temporal sequence of hallmarks of cancer from the point of view of pathological specimens of cancer (essentially branched mutations) and then to consider the hallmarks of cancer that one well‐known carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, can modify.ResultsEven though the sequential order of driving genetic alterations can vary between and within tumours, the main cancer pathways affected are almost ubiquitous and follow a generally common sequence: resisting cell death, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, sustained proliferation, deregulated energetics, replicative immortality and activation of invasion and metastasis. The first 3 hallmarks can be regarded as almost simultaneous while angiogenesis and avoiding immune destruction are perhaps the only hallmarks with a varying position in the above sequence.ConclusionsOur review of hallmarks of cancer and their temporal sequence, based on mutational spectra in biopsies from different cancer sites, allowed us to propose a hypothetical temporal sequence of the hallmarks. This sequence can add molecular support to the evaluation of an agent as a carcinogen as it can be used as a conceptual framework for organising and evaluating the strength of existing evidence.
The impact of crown fracture in the permanent dentition on children’s quality of life
Authors: Soares Josiane P. , Barasuol Jéssica C. , Torres Fernanda M. , Giacomin Angela , Gonçalves Bruna M. , Klein Daniele , Borgatto Adriano F. , Ramos‐Jorge Maria L. , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/AimAmong the diseases related to oral health, traumatic dental injuries (TDI) can lead to pain, loss of function and aesthetic problems, with physical, emotional and social consequences for children and their families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between enamel fracture and enamel‐dentin fracture with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study had a representative sample of 1589 children between 8‐10 years of age from public schools. The OHRQoL was obtained through the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8‐10), which is a questionnaire validated for Brazilian children. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.7) using the Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and TDI. A socio‐economic questionnaire was sent to the caregivers to be answered at home. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of TDI was 10.6%, and among these 10.3% who had an impact on the OHRQoL, it was due to enamel‐dentin fracture. Children with enamel‐dentin fracture had (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07‐1.70) higher prevalence of impact on the OHRQoL. Children with enamel fracture had no impact on the OHRQoL (P = .254).ConclusionEnamel fracture had no significant impact on children’s quality of life, while enamel‐dentin fracture did have an impact on quality of life.
Psychopathology, cognition and outcome in Dutch and immigrant first‐episode psychosis patients
Authors: Stouten Luyken H. , Veling Wim , Laan Winfried , Van der Gaag Mark 
Published: March 2018

AimThe primary aim was to examine differences in baseline symptom expression, neurocognition, social cognition and psychosocial functioning between Dutch, first‐generation immigrants and second‐generation immigrants with a first‐episode psychosis (FEP). The secondary aim was to examine functional and symptomatic change and between‐group differences at 12‐months follow‐up. Associations between migration, baseline characteristics and outcome were explored.MethodsForty‐six Dutch, 56 second‐generation‐ and 60 first‐generation immigrant patients completed baseline measures for 6 symptom dimensions (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, social cognitive functioning, excitement and emotional distress) and 5 domains of psychosocial functioning (general functioning, work and study, relationships, self‐care and disturbing behaviour). Functioning and psychotic symptoms were assessed at baseline and 12‐months follow‐up. ANCOVA and t tests were used to assess between‐group differences. General linear models were used to explore within‐group differences. Backward‐regression was used to explore predictors of outcome.ResultsLevels of positive symptoms, excitement and emotional distress did not differ between groups at baseline or follow‐up. Dutch patients had lower levels of negative symptoms than both immigrant groups at follow‐up. On neurocognition and social cognition, Dutch performed better than second‐generation immigrants, who in turn performed better than first‐generation immigrants. Psychosocial functioning across all domains at baseline and at 12‐months follow‐up was similar across groups. Baseline levels of general psychosocial functioning and income were the strongest predictors of outcome at follow‐up.ConclusionsPsychosocial functioning and symptom profiles are comparable between Dutch, first‐generation immigrant and second‐generation immigrant FEP patients, excluding neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits. A range of baseline characteristics predicted outcome.