bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'écriture et son apprentissage : le point de vue de la didactique - éléments de synthèse
Authors: Schneuwly Bernard 
Published: April 2018

Writing and its learning : the didactic point of view - elements of synthesis.
Bernard Schneuwly, FPSE, University de Genève.
This contribution presented as the ending of the symposium endeavours to account for actual orientations taken by the didactics of writing such as one can perceive them through the différent speeches.
A first statement draws the attention on the fact that a deep knowledge of writing at school has been build by the didactics. In fact, the whole of the speeches gave to see writing in ail its thickness as a complex activity registered in a social context determined at the same time by the scholar and communicational frame. Three strong points are brought out : the consensus on reference to genders, the marking of determinations which influence the teaching practices and the taking in account of the subject writer.
Two points remain problematic for which it is necessary to begin new works : on one hand, the link to teaching and to learning and the analysis of the links which unit them ; on the other hand, the development, theme of study on which data miss.
Breaking the Habit: The Peculiar 2016 Eruption of the Unique Recurrent Nova M31N 2008-12a
Authors: Henze M. , Darnley M. J. , Williams S. C. , Kato M. , Hachisu I. , Anupama G. C. , Arai A. , Boyd D. , Burke D. , Ciardullo R. , Chinetti K. , Cook L. M. , Cook M. J. , Erdman P. , Gao X. , Harris B. , Hartmann D. H. , Hornoch K. , Horst J. Chuck , Hounsell R. , Husar D. , Itagaki K. , Kabashima F. , Kafka S. , Kaur A. , Kiyota S. , Kojiguchi N. , Kučáková H. , Kuramoto K. , Maehara H. , Mantero A. , Masci F. J. , Matsumoto K. , Naito H. , Ness J.-U. , Nishiyama K. , Oksanen A. , Osborne J. P. , Page K. L. , Paunzen E. , Pavana M. , Pickard R. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Rodríguez-Gil P. , Sala G. , Sano Y. , Shafter A. W. , Sugiura Y. , Tan H. , Tordai T. , Vraštil J. , Wagner R. M. , Watanabe F. , Williams B. F. , Bode M. F. , Bruno A. , Buchheim B. , Crawford T. , Goff B. , Hernanz M. , Igarashi A. S. , José J. , Motta M. , O’Brien T. J. , Oswalt T. , Poyner G. , Ribeiro V. A. R. M. , Sabo R. , Shara M. M. , Shears J. , Starkey D. , Starrfield S. , Woodward C. E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Since its discovery in 2008, the Andromeda galaxy nova M31N 2008-12a has been observed in eruption every single year. This unprecedented frequency indicates an extreme object, with a massive white dwarf and a high accretion rate, which is the most promising candidate for the single-degenerate progenitor of a Type Ia supernova known to date. The previous three eruptions of M31N 2008-12a have displayed remarkably homogeneous multiwavelength properties: (i) from a faint peak, the optical light curve declined rapidly by two magnitudes in less than two days, (ii) early spectra showed initial high velocities that slowed down significantly within days and displayed clear He/N lines throughout, and (iii) the supersoft X-ray source (SSS) phase of the nova began extremely early, six days after eruption, and only lasted for about two weeks. In contrast, the peculiar 2016 eruption was clearly different. Here we report (i) the considerable delay in the 2016 eruption date, (ii) the significantly shorter SSS phase, and (iii) the brighter optical peak magnitude (with a hitherto unobserved cusp shape). Early theoretical models suggest that these three different effects can be consistently understood as caused by a lower quiescence mass accretion rate. The corresponding higher ignition mass caused a brighter peak in the free–free emission model. The less massive accretion disk experienced greater disruption, consequently delaying the re-establishment of effective accretion. Without the early refueling, the SSS phase was shortened. Observing the next few eruptions will determine whether the properties of the 2016 outburst make it a genuine outlier in the evolution of M31N 2008-12a.
A Near-infrared Period–Luminosity Relation for Miras in NGC 4258, an Anchor for a New Distance Ladder
Authors: Huang Caroline D. , Riess Adam G. , Hoffmann Samantha L. , Klein Christopher , Bloom Joshua , Yuan Wenlong , Macri Lucas M. , Jones David O. , Whitelock Patricia A. , Casertano Stefano , Anderson Richard I. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present year-long, near-infrared (NIR) Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 observations of Mira variables in the water megamaser host galaxy NGC 4258. Miras are asymptotic giant branch variables that can be divided into oxygen- (O-) and carbon- (C-) rich subclasses. Oxygen-rich Miras follow a tight (scatter ∼0.14 mag) period–luminosity relation (PLR) in the NIR and can be used to measure extragalactic distances. The water megamaser in NGC 4258 gives a geometric distance to the galaxy accurate to 2.6% that can serve to calibrate the Mira PLR. We develop criteria for detecting and classifying O-rich Miras with optical and NIR data as well as NIR data alone. In total, we discover 438 Mira candidates that we classify with high confidence as O-rich. Our most stringent criteria produce a sample of 139 Mira candidates that we use to measure a PLR. We use the OGLE-III sample of O-rich Miras in the Large Magellanic Cloud to obtain a relative distance modulus, μ
4258 − μ
LMC = 10.95 ± 0.01 (statistical) ±0.06 (systematic) mag, that is statistically consistent with the relative distance determined using Cepheids. These results demonstrate the feasibility of discovering and characterizing Miras using the NIR with the HST and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and using those Miras to measure extragalactic distances and determine the Hubble constant.
De l’activité DE simulation à l’activité EN simulation : simuler pour stimuler
Authors: Bobillier Chaumon Marc-Éric , Rouat Sabrina , Laneyrie Elsa , Cuvillier Bruno 
Published: April 2018

L’objet de ce papier est de proposer une taxonomie fonctionnelle et diachronique des différents types de simulation de l’activité que la journée d’étude, consacrée aux démarches de simulation (organisée par la revue Activités) a permis de mettre en avant. Cette catégorisation repose sur quatre grandes orientations temporelles de la mise en scène de l’activité qui peuvent porter respectivement sur la simulation d’une situation (i) à venir (simulation prospective ou prédictive), (ii) en devenir (constructive ou réflexive), (iii) vivante ou persistante (projective) et (iv) passée (rétrospective). Pour chacune de ces approches, nous exposerons les principales méthodes associées et discuterons de leurs contributions et limites respectives.
MicroRNA-27b Modulates Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis duringMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection
Authors: Liang Shuxin , Song Zhigang , Wu Yongyan , Gao Yuanpeng , Gao Mingqing , Liu Fayang , Wang Fengyu , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis poses a significant global health threat. MicroRNAs play an important role in regulating host anti-mycobacterial defense; however, their role in apoptosis-mediated mycobacterial elimination and inflammatory response remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of microRNA-27b (miR-27b) in murine macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis infection. We uncovered that the TLR-2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway induced the expression of miR-27b and miR-27b suppressed the production of proinflammatory factors and the activity of NF-κB, thereby avoiding an excessive inflammation during M. tuberculosis infection. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting showed that miR-27b directly targeted Bcl-2–associated athanogene 2 (Bag2) in macrophages. Overexpression of Bag2 reversed miR-27b–mediated inhibition of the production of proinflammatory factors. In addition, miR-27b increased p53-dependent cell apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species and decreased the bacterial burden. We also showed that Bag2 interacts with p53 and negatively regulates its activity, thereby controlling cell apoptosis and facilitating bacterial survival. In summary, we revealed a novel role of the miR-27b/Bag2 axis in the regulation of inflammatory response and apoptosis and provide a potential molecular host defense mechanism against mycobacteria.
Oral NaHCO3 Activates a Splenic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway: Evidence That Cholinergic Signals Are Transmitted via Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Ray Sarah C. , Baban Babak , Tucker Matthew A. , Seaton Alec J. , Chang Kyu Chul , Mannon Elinor C. , Sun Jingping , Patel Bansari , Wilson Katie , Musall Jacqueline B. , Ocasio Hiram , Irsik Debra , Filosa Jessica A. , Sullivan Jennifer C. , Marshall Brendan , Harris Ryan A. , O’Connor Paul M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that oral NaHCO3 intake stimulates splenic anti-inflammatory pathways. Following oral NaHCO3 loading, macrophage polarization was shifted from predominantly M1 (inflammatory) to M2 (regulatory) phenotypes, and FOXP3+CD4+ T-lymphocytes increased in the spleen, blood, and kidneys of rats. Similar anti-inflammatory changes in macrophage polarization were observed in the blood of human subjects following NaHCO3 ingestion. Surprisingly, we found that gentle manipulation to visualize the spleen at midline during surgical laparotomy (sham splenectomy) was sufficient to abolish the response in rats and resulted in hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the capsular mesothelial cells. Thin collagenous connections lined by mesothelial cells were found to connect to the capsular mesothelium. Mesothelial cells in these connections stained positive for the pan-neuronal marker PGP9.5 and acetylcholine esterase and contained many ultrastructural elements, which visually resembled neuronal structures. Both disruption of the fragile mesothelial connections or transection of the vagal nerves resulted in the loss of capsular mesothelial acetylcholine esterase staining and reduced splenic mass. Our data indicate that oral NaHCO3 activates a splenic anti-inflammatory pathway and provides evidence that the signals that mediate this response are transmitted to the spleen via a novel neuronal-like function of mesothelial cells.
Agreement Between Visual Assessment and 2-Dimensional Analysis During Jump Landing Among Healthy Female Athletes
Authors: Rabin Alon , Einstein Ofira , Kozol Zvi 
Published: April 2018

Context:
Altered movement patterns, including increased frontal-plane knee movement and decreased sagittal-plane hip and knee movement, have been associated with several knee disorders. Nevertheless, the ability of clinicians to visually detect such altered movement patterns during high-speed athletic tasks is relatively unknown.

Objective:
To explore the association between visual assessment and 2-dimensional (2D) analysis of frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement during a jump-landing task among healthy female athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Gymnasiums of participating volleyball teams.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 39 healthy female volleyball players (age = 21.0 ± 5.2 years, height = 172.0 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 64.2 ± 7.2 kg) from Divisions I and II of the Israeli Volleyball Association.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement during jump landing were visually rated as good, moderate, or poor based on previously established criteria. Frontal-plane knee excursion and sagittal-plane hip and knee excursions were measured using free motion-analysis software and compared among athletes with different visual ratings of the corresponding movements.

Results:
Participants with different visual ratings of frontal-plane knee movement displayed differences in 2D frontal-plane knee excursion (P &lt; .01), whereas participants with different visual ratings of sagittal-plane hip and knee movement displayed differences in 2D sagittal-plane hip and knee excursions (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions:
Visual ratings of frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement were associated with differences in the corresponding 2D hip and knee excursions. Visual rating of these movements may serve as an initial screening tool for detecting altered movement patterns during jump landings.
An evaluation of the public sector optometric service provided within the health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Maake Moraka E. , Moodley Vanessa R. 
Published: April 2018

Background: In South Africa, optometry has been traditionally positioned within the private sector. The situation has gradually changed over the past two decades, with optometry being introduced into the public sector in many parts of the country. Despite the growing numbers, optometrists are still new within the public health sector, motivating this study to evaluate the eye care services they provide.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken. Stratified random selection was applied to select the study sites, and systematic sampling was used to select patients’ files. A saturated sample of public sector optometrists employed in the selected districts completed study questionnaires. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21.Results: A total of 2968 records were reviewed, and gender distribution was 67.6% female and 32.4% male. Refraction (86.73%) was the most frequently conducted test, followed by ophthalmoscopy (74.73%), colour vision (0.07%) and gonioscopy (0.03%). The response rate for the questionnaires was 64.7%. Optometric outreach services were conducted by 54.5% of optometrists, and the majority (83.3%) reported that the farthest outreach facility was more than 50 km from their base hospital. The availability of equipment at outreach facilities was less as compared to base hospitals, while some reported not having the necessary equipment even at base hospitals. None of the optometrists did contact lens fitting at outreach facilities. A lack of equipment was cited as one of the reasons for not providing this service by 100% of optometrists. Most optometrists (63.6%) believed that more than 30% of their referrals might have been avoided if they had prescribed therapeutic agents to manage ocular conditions.Conclusion: Introducing optometrists within the public sector improves access to services for rural communities. However, the minimum standard of optometric care is not practised, allegedly because of a lack of equipment. Therefore, resources should be made available to enable optometrists to provide comprehensive optometric services. In addition, the study highlighted the need for more optometry posts in rural communities and for the implementation of career growth paths to attract and retain optometrists within the public sector.
Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Renal Outcome Following Nephron Sparing Surgery
Authors: Choudhary Gautam Ram , Mandal Arup Kumar , Mete Uttam , Mavuduru Ravimohan , Bhatacharia Anish , Lal Anupam , Goyal Suresh 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
Preservation of renal function after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is multifactorial and the impact of individual factors on it is still a debate. This prospective study investigates the impact of factors responsible for quantitative and functional outcome after NSS.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty-two patients of localized renal mass (≤7 cm) were included in the study. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen was performed for characterization of tumor. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using Tc99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) scan and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula. All relevant intra- and peri-operative events were noted. Follow-up work up performed at 3 months.

Results:
Overall, the mean ischemia time was 30.6 min, with 7.7% decrease in renal volume in the operated moiety. In follow-up, the total and ipsilateral GFR decreased. Change in renal parenchymal volume, total GFR by CG and DTPA, split GFR of tumor-bearing moiety was significant in follow-up. Size, stage, polar location of tumor, duration of surgery, type of ischemia, preoperative chronic kidney disease, and need of blood transfusion did not affect change in renal volume and function in the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Renal parenchymal loss and duration of ischemia have impact on the follow-up renal function.
El acoso escolar como forma de violencia en la enseñanza secundaria, una visión legal del problema
Authors: Carrillo Izquierdo Antonio 
Published: April 2018

<p>En este trabajo se realiza un análisis psicosocial de las actitudes ante la violencia escolar conocido como (<em>bullying), </em>en un grupo de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de acuerdo con un modelo tridimensional de evaluación actitudinal respecto a relaciones, creencias, expectativas, etc., además de afectivo respecto a sentimientos y valoraciones de las diferencias informadas en el ambiente relacional familiar y académico. Para ello se cuenta con una muestra constituida por 493 niños y niñas de entre 11 y 18 años, que cursan las diversas etapas de la ESO en diferentes institutos de Educación Secundaria de Sevilla y provincia. También se efectúa un estudio sobre la diferente legislación aplicable a todos los niveles, desde internacional, nacional, local, administrativa, penal y civil, al objeto de obtener una visión general de la competencia legal para la puesta en marcha de los procedimientos en el tratamiento legal de la problemática del acoso entre iguales.</p>
재미 한국어 계승어 학습자 작문에 나타난 통사 복잡성: Syntactic complexity in the writing of Korean heritage learners in the United States
Authors: Kim Hyunah 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Complexity, along with accuracy and fluency, is one of the dimensions that are primarily used to measure one's language proficiency level (Larsen-Freeman, 2006). As heritage language learners tend to speak the language in home and community environments only, they have relatively limited exposure to a more advanced, elaborate language. This study aims to investigate how Korean-American school-aged children use the Korean grammatical items related to syntactic complexity based on their writing samples to draw its implications on language education for Korean heritage learners. Using a revised form of the frequency analysis method (Ellis, 1994), 407 writing samples of heritage language learners at different proficiency levels in the United States and 40 samples of native Korean speakers in South Korea were analyzed. The results showed that the use of related grammatical items of heritage language learners dramatically changed over time, showing the dynamics of language development. However, compared to native Korean speakers, the range of grammatical items which frequently appeared in Korean-American heritage learners writing samples was distinctly limited to those mostly used in oral communication. Implications for Korean education as a heritage language are discussed.
Vers la fin de la gestion des carrières? La GRH face au rôle croissant des intermédiaires du marché du travail
Authors: Pichault François , Lorquet Nadège , Orianne Jean-François 
Published: April 2018

La littérature en GRH a longuement discuté les évolutions intervenues dans le champ des carrières en opposant le modèle classique de la carrière organisationnelle au modèle de la carrière nomade, censé répondre au nouveau contrat psychologique qui lie les travailleurs aux organisations du XXIesiècle. Désormais, il s’agirait pour les gestionnaires RH d’attirer des talents dont ils savent que le passage dans l’organisation sera limité dans le temps. Le développement sans précédent des formes de travail au projet, à mi-chemin entre l’emploi salarié et le statut d’indépendant, semble donner raison à cette conception « moderne » de la carrière.Toutefois, une observation plus fine des évolutions en cours sur le marché du travail montre que les carrières des travailleurs au projet ne sont pas seulement le fruit des initiatives individuelles de travailleurs offrant leurs talents sur le marché. Elles passent souvent par des structures d’intermédiation qui, en offrant diverses formules de sécurisation, deviennent des partenaires incontournables de la gestion des trajectoires professionnelles.À partir d’un travail conceptuel sur la notion d’intermédiaire du marché du travail et sur la base de multiples études de cas contrastées sur le marché du travail belge, notre article montre la diversité des formes que peut prendre ce travail d’intermédiation et dégage deux « types idéaux » reflétant des conceptions opposées de la sécurisation des transitions professionnelles : la première considère les travailleurs au projet comme des « quasi-salariés »; la seconde comme des « quasi-indépendants ». Nous montrons, ensuite, en quoi ce jeu triangulaire conduit à une remise en cause de la gestion des carrières en tant qu’attribut régalien de la fonction RH.
БЛОК-СОПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ МИЦЕЛЛЫ С ИНТЕРПОЛИЭЛЕКТРОЛИТНОЙ КОРОНОЙ1, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Лысенко Е.А. , Билан Р. С. , Челушкин П.С. 
Published: April 2018

Методами турбидиметрии, скоростной седиментации, статического и динамического светорассеяния, измерения электрофоретической подвижности частиц, флуоресцентной спектроскопии и электронной микроскопии исследованы дисперсионная устойчивость, структура и свойства полимерных мицелл с гидрофобным ядром и интерполиэлектролитной короной в разбавленных водно-солевых растворах. Мицеллы получены смешением диблок-сополимеров ПС-блок-поли-N-этил-4-винилпиридиний бромида и ПС-блок-полиакриловой кислоты по специально разработанной методике введения воды в смесь сополимеров в неселективном органическом растворителе. Установлено, что дисперсионная устойчивость, структурные и физико-химические характеристики мицелл с интерполиэлектролитной короной зависят от баланса электростатических взаимодействий одноименно и разноименно заряженных звеньев в короне. В свою очередь, данный баланс определяется составом интерполиэлектролитной короны, а также величиной рН и ионной силы раствора. Показано, что мицеллы с интерполиэлектролитной короной можно рассматривать как особый тип полиэлектролитных наночастиц, сочетающих в себе свойства полиэлектролитных мицелл и интерполиэлектролитных комплексов. Продемонстрирована уникальная способность таких мицелл электростатически связывать в корону одноименно заряженные полиионы с высокой линейной плотностью заряда, при этом впервые установлено, что такое связывание может иметь селективный характер.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОСТРУКТУРЫ ЦЕПИ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ АКРИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И 4-ВИНИЛПИРИДИНА НА АГРЕГАТИВНУЮ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И АДСОРБЦИЮ ИЗ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Литманович Е.А. , Черникова Е.В. , Жирнов А. Е. 
Published: April 2018

Исследовано поведение в водных растворах сополимеров на основе акриловой кислоты и 4-винилпиридина разной архитектуры: с градиентным и блочным распределением звеньев сомономеров в цепи, а также с кватернизованными звеньями 4-винилпиридина. Установлено, что все указанные сополимеры в кислых и щелочных средах склонны к агрегации, причем размеры агрегатов и области их устойчивости определяются микроструктурой цепи. Агрегаты, образующиеся в кислых средах, проявляют температурную чувствительность. Изучены кинетика и механизм адсорбции сополимеров из растворов на поверхность найлоновых мембран. Показано, что блочное распределение звеньев существенно повышает эффективность адсорбции, при этом кватернизация звеньев 4-винилпиридина снижает параметры монослойной адсорбции.