bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction phenomena between a cuff of an artificial urinary sphincter and a urethral phantom
Authors: Natali Arturo Nicola , Carniel Emanuele Luigi , Fontanella Chiara Giulia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMale urinary incontinence is highly prevalent, leading to a miserable quality of life. The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the device that closely simulates the function of the biological urinary sphincter. The precise evaluation of occlusion mechanisms and of interaction phenomena occurring between AUS cuff and urethral duct is fundamental for more reliable design. The action induced in the interaction with urethral duct under a specific pressure depends on its constitutive material and structural characteristics. The methods of experimental and computational bioengineering are exploited to investigate mechanical functionality of the coupled system, as AUS and urethral duct. Experimental tests are developed to investigate the response when the AUS is inflated around a urethral phantom. Numerical model of the cuff is developed mimicking the experimental tests for the validation. Subsequently, numerical models are exploited to interpret the interaction of the cuff with urethral phantoms considering the influence of urethral size and of tissues mechanical behavior, mimicking healthy and degraded configurations. The investigation provides useful information on the behavior of AUS cuff with urethral duct evaluating the action induced and represents a support for planning an extension of experimental tests on animal and human urethral samples.
Exposure to intergroup conspiracy theories promotes prejudice which spreads across groups
Authors: Jolley Daniel , Meleady Rose , Douglas Karen M. 
Published: March 2019

This research experimentally examined the effects of exposure to intergroup conspiracy theories on prejudice and discrimination. Study 1 (N = 166) demonstrated that exposure to conspiracy theories concerning immigrants to Britain from the European Union (vs. anti‐conspiracy material or a control) exacerbated prejudice towards this group. Study 2 (N = 173) found the same effect in a different intergroup context – exposure to conspiracy theories about Jewish people (vs. anti‐conspiracy material or a control) increased prejudice towards this group and reduced participants’ willingness to vote for a Jewish political candidate. Finally, Study 3 (N = 114) demonstrated that exposure to conspiracy theories about Jewish people not only increased prejudice towards this group but was indirectly associated with increased prejudice towards a number of secondary outgroups (e.g., Asians, Arabs, Americans, Irish, Australians). The current research suggests that conspiracy theories may have potentially damaging and widespread consequences for intergroup relations.
The role of parental self‐efficacy in parent and child well‐being: A systematic review of associated outcomes
Authors: Albanese Ariana M. , Russo Gabrielle R. , Geller Pamela A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor decades, parental self‐efficacy (PSE), or parents' belief in their ability to influence their child in a healthy and success‐promoting manner, has been understood as a key factor in promoting healthy functioning for parents and their children. In that time, an extensive collection of research examining the specific impact of PSE on parents and their children has developed. However, to the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive and systematic review of the outcomes linked to this factor exists, and the two most closely related non‐systematic reviews were published over 10 years ago.MethodsTherefore, by utilizing an iteratively optimized set of search terms applied across four databases, the current review sought to systematically collect, synthesize, and present the extant literature concerning the role of PSE in parent and child well‐being.ResultsThis search strategy yielded a total of 115 studies, the results of which were organized into three broad thematic categories relating to: the parent and child relationship, parental mental health, or child development.ConclusionsThese results recapitulate the clinical relevance of PSE, and provide an updated and comprehensive understanding of both the role PSE plays in the welfare of parents and children, as well as the gaps in the literature as it currently stands.
Longitudinal validation of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities in a Dutch sample of nonambulatory children with severe disabilities
Authors: Zalmstra Trees , Elema Agnes , Huizing Karin , Reinders‐Messelink Heleen , v.d. Putten Annette 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal validity of the Dutch version of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD), a health‐related quality of life instrument for nonambulatory children with severe motor disabilities and accompanying disorders.MethodsThe effect of two interventions, Botox injections in the hip region and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, was followed over time. Caregivers (n = 38) of nonambulatory children (26 boys, 12 girls; mean age: 9 years, 5 months [4 years, 9 months]) with severe disabilities completed the questionnaire prior to the intervention, at 3 months and 6 months follow up. Seven a priori hypotheses were formulated. Longitudinal validity was analysed by a paired t test of the pre‐post scores and correlation analysis between the change‐scores and two external criteria: a caregivers' perceived change in health‐related quality of life of the child questionnaire and a general health‐related quality of life instrument.ResultsThe results reported here follow completely the pattern we hypothesized for four analyses and partially in the remaining three. In the Botox group, the mean change‐score at 3 months was 6.9 points (p < 0.05), which exceeds the minimal clinically important difference of 5.8 points. At 6 months, the effect was diminished to 4.5 points, in line with the temporary effect of Botox. There were moderate positive correlations between the change‐scores and an external criterion (Spearman's rho: 0.46–0.58).ConclusionsThis study indicates that the CPCHILD Dutch version has sufficient longitudinal validity statistically and clinically in nonambulatory children with severe disabilities.
Global mismatches in aboveground and belowground biodiversity
Authors: Cameron Erin K. , Martins Inês S. , Lavelle Patrick , Mathieu Jérôme , Tedersoo Leho , Bahram Mohammad , Gottschall Felix , Guerra Carlos A. , Hines Jes , Patoine Guillaume , Siebert Julia , Winter Marten , Cesarz Simone , Ferlian Olga , Kreft Holger , Lovejoy Thomas E. , Montanarella Luca , Orgiazzi Alberto , Pereira Henrique M. , Phillips Helen R. P. , Settele Josef , Wall Diana H. , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHuman activities are accelerating global biodiversity change and have resulted in severely threatened ecosystem services. A large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity is harbored by soil, but soil biodiversity has been omitted from many global biodiversity assessments and conservation actions, and understanding of global patterns of soil biodiversity remains limited. In particular, the extent to which hotspots and coldspots of aboveground and soil biodiversity overlap is not clear. We examined global patterns of these overlaps by mapping indices of aboveground (mammals, birds, amphibians, vascular plants) and soil (bacteria, fungi, macrofauna) biodiversity that we created using previously published data on species richness. Areas of mismatch between aboveground and soil biodiversity covered 27% of Earth's terrestrial surface. The temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome had the highest proportion of grid cells with high aboveground biodiversity but low soil biodiversity, whereas the boreal and tundra biomes had intermediate soil biodiversity but low aboveground biodiversity. While more data on soil biodiversity are needed, both to cover geographic gaps and to include additional taxa, our results suggest that protecting aboveground biodiversity may not sufficiently reduce threats to soil biodiversity. Given the functional importance of soil biodiversity and the role of soils in human well‐being, soil biodiversity should be considered further in policy agendas and conservation actions by adapting management practices to sustain soil biodiversity and considering soil biodiversity when designing protected areas.
Wittgenstein, mindreading and perception
Authors: Dain Edmund 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCan we perceive others' mental states? Wittgenstein is often claimed to hold, like some phenomenologists, that we can. The view thus attributed to Wittgenstein is a view about the correct explanation of mindreading: He is taken to be answering a question about the kind of process mindreading involves. But although Wittgenstein claims we see others' emotions, he denies that he is thereby making any claim about that underlying process and, moreover, denies that any underlying process could have the significance it is claimed to have for this debate. For Wittgenstein, the question is not “Is this perception?” but “What do we mean by ‘perception' here?” and that question is answered by investigating the grammar of the relevant concepts. That investigation, however, reveals similarities and differences between what we call “perception” here and elsewhere. Hence, Wittgenstein's answer to the question “Can we perceive others' mental states?” is yes and no: Both responses can be justified by appeal to different concepts of perception. Wittgenstein, then, has much to contribute to our understanding of mindreading, but what he has to contribute is nothing like the view typically attributed to him here.
Ecomorphological convergence inEleutherodactylusfrogs: a case of replicate radiations in the Caribbean
Authors: Dugo‐Cota Álvaro , Vilà Carles , Rodríguez Ariel , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReplicate radiations, the repeated multiplication of species associated with ecological divergence, have attracted much attention and generated as much debate. Due to the few well‐studied cases, it remains unclear whether replicate radiations are an exceptional result of evolution or a relatively common example of the power of adaptation by natural selection. We examined the case ofEleutherodactylusfrogs, which radiated in the Caribbean islands resulting in more than 160 species that occupy very diverse habitats. A time‐calibrated phylogeny revealed that these frogs independently diversified on all larger islands producing species that occupy a broad range of microhabitats in different islands. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we found an association between morphological traits and particular microhabitats, and for most microhabitats detected significant morphological convergence. Our results indicate CaribbeanEleutherodactylusare a novel example of replicate radiations, and highlight the predictability of evolutionary processes, as similar ecological opportunities can lead to similar outcomes.
Associations of various blood pressure parameters with functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Cho B.‐H. , Kim J.‐T. , Lee J. S. , Park M.‐S. , Kang K.‐W. , Choi K.‐H. , Lee S.‐H. , Choi S.‐M. , Kim B. C. , Kim M.‐K. , Cho K.‐H. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposeHigh blood pressure (BP) at presentation is associated with poor outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke, but serial BP measurements may better delineate the clinical implications of BP. The aim was to investigate the association between various BP parameters and functional outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsThis study reports a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry of a comprehensive stroke centre. Patients treated with EVT due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation were enrolled. BP was measured hourly during the first 24 h after admission. Associations of various BP parameters, including BP variability, with functional outcomes at 3 months, including good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2), were analysed.ResultsOf the 378 enrolled patients (mean age 70 ± 11 years, male 54.2%), 313 (82.8%) achieved successful reperfusion after EVT, and 149 (39.4%) had good outcomes at 3 months. Higher mean systolic BP [each 10 mmHg increase, odds ratio 0.82 (0.69–0.97)] and higher systolic successive variation (SV) [each 10% increase, odds ratio 0.37 (0.18–0.76)] were associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving good outcomes. In addition, reperfusion status after EVT moderated the influence of higher systolic SV on good outcomes (Pint = 0.05).ConclusionThe results showed that a higher mean systolic BP and systolic SV during the first 24 h of EVT reduced the likelihood of good outcomes at 3 months. The effects of these parameters on outcomes are more substantial amongst patients with successful reperfusion after EVT, suggesting that different BP control strategies should be employed according to reperfusion status.
A post hoc analysis of the long‐term safety and efficacy of perampanel in Asian patients with epilepsy
Authors: Inoue Yushi , Kaneko Sunao , Hsieh Peiyuan F. , Meshram Chandrashekhar , Lee Sang‐Ahm , Aziz Zariah Abdul , Nabangchang Charcrin , Dash Amitabh 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis post hoc analysis assessed the long‐term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of perampanel in Asian patients with refractory focal seizures; an additional analysis assessed the effect of perampanel on focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) with focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic (FBTC) seizures. In this subanalysis, data from Asian patients ≥12 years of age who had focal seizures with FBTC seizures despite taking one to 3 concomitant antiepileptic drugs at baseline, and who had entered either the long‐term extension phase of 3 phase‐3 perampanel trials (study 307) or the 10‐week extension phase of study 335, were analyzed for the effect of perampanel on duration of exposure, safety, and seizure outcomes. Of 874 Asian patients included in the analysis, 205 had previously received placebo during the double‐blind phase‐3 trials and 669 had previously received perampanel 2‐12 mg/day; 313 had FIAS with FBTC seizures at core study baseline. The median duration of exposure to perampanel was 385.0 days, and the retention rate at one year was 62.6%. Overall, during the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, 777 patients (88.9%) had treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most of which were mild to moderate in severity. The most frequent TEAEs were dizziness (47.1%), somnolence (22.3%), and nasopharyngitis (17.4%). During the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days from pre‐perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was −28.1%, and −51.7% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. The 50% responder rate relative to pre‐perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was 33.8%, and 51.1% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. Long‐term treatment with perampanel in Asian patients had safety, tolerability, and efficacy similar to that of the global population in the phase‐3 trials and extension study 307. The safety profile and response rate suggest benefit for an Asian population of patients with refractory epilepsy.
Opportunities to improve fisheries management through innovative technology and advanced data systems
Authors: Bradley Darcy , Merrifield Matt , Miller Karly M. , Lomonico Serena , Wilson Jono R. , Gleason Mary G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFishery‐dependent data are integral to sustainable fisheries management. A paucity of fishery data leads to uncertainty about stock status, which may compromise and threaten the economic and food security of the users dependent upon that stock and increase the chances of overfishing. Recent developments in the technology available to collect, manage and analyse fishery‐relevant data provide a suite of possible solutions to update and modernize fisheries data systems and greatly expand data collection and analysis. Yet, despite the proliferation of relevant consumer technology, integration of technologically advanced data systems into fisheries management remains the exception rather than the rule. In this study, we describe the current status, challenges and future directions of high‐tech data systems in fisheries management in order to understand what has limited their adoption. By reviewing the application of fishery‐dependent data technology in multiple fisheries sectors globally, we show that innovation is stagnating as a result of lack of trust and cooperation between fishers and managers. We propose a solution based on a transdisciplinary approach to fishery management that emphasizes the need for collaborative problem‐solving among stakeholders. In our proposed system, data feedbacks are a key component to effective fishery data systems, ensuring that fishers and managers collect, have access to and benefit from fisheries data as they work towards a mutually agreed‐upon goal. A new approach to fisheries data systems will promote innovation to increase data coverage, accuracy and resolution, while reducing costs and allowing adaptive, responsive, near real‐time management decision‐making to improve fisheries outcomes.
Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics – a review of the literature
Authors: Patel S. , Brown J. , Pimentel T. , Kelly R. D. , Abella F. , Durack C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis and/or management of endodontic problems is increasing and is reflected in the exponential rise in publications on this topic in the last two decades. The aim of this paper is to: (i) Review current literature on the endodontic applications of CBCT; (ii) Based on current evidence make recommendations for the use of CBCT in Endodontics; (iii) Highlight the areas in which more research is required.
Feasibility and acceptability of telephone‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral‐based physical therapy for patients with traumatic lower extremity injury
Authors: Davidson Claudia A. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Vanston Susan W. , Blade Elizabeth G. , Henry Abigail L. , Obremskey William T. , Wegener Stephen T. , Archer Kristin R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine feasibility and acceptability of a telephone‐based Cognitive‐Behavioral‐Based Physical Therapy program for patients following traumatic lower extremity injury (CBPT‐Trauma).MethodsPatients were screened for high psychosocial risk factors and then completed the 6‐week CBPT‐Trauma program. Physical function, pain, and psychosocial outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6‐months follow‐up. Descriptive statistics assessed change in outcomes.ResultsRecruitment rate was 59%. Twenty‐seven patients (73%) had a high psychosocial risk profile. Twelve patients completed the program and the follow‐up assessment at 6 months and found the program to be very or extremely helpful to their overall recovery. All demonstrated a clinically meaningful increase in physical function. Six patients demonstrated a clinically relevant decrease in pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and fear of movement. Seven patients reported a clinically meaningful increase in pain self‐efficacy.DiscussionFindings suggest that recruitment is feasible for CBPT‐Trauma program. However, engagement in the CBPT‐Trauma study was low. For those that completed the program, patients were satisfied with the CBPT‐Trauma program and experienced meaningful improvement in psychosocial factors and patient‐reported outcomes. This open pilot study highlights the importance of targeted treatment for patients at high‐risk for poor outcomes and the potential for increased access to services through telephone‐delivery.
The Role of Informal International Organizations in Resolving the Iranian Nuclear Crisis (2003–15)
Authors: Sauer Tom 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article attempts to discover why states have chosen to co‐ordinate within ad hoc informal international organizations instead or on top of formal ones, in order to resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis in the period 2003–15. Three informal groups of states – the E3 (France, Germany and the UK), the EU‐3 (the E3 + the EU High Representative), and the EU‐3 + 3 (the EU‐3 + the US, Russia, and China) – are widely seen as having contributed to the diplomatic solution. Empirically, one can wonder why formal international organizations like the UN, the IAEA and the EU were not able to do the wheeling and dealing by themselves in the case of the Iranian nuclear conflict. From a theoretical perspective, this article highlights the role of informal international organizations, a subject that is under‐researched both in EU and International Relations studies. It will argue that these temporary informal international organizations have three advantages: no (or less) bureaucracy, speed, and the ability to buy time for more important diplomatic actors like major states or formal international organizations.
Aesthetic assessment after root coverage of multiple adjacent recessions with coronally advanced flap with adjunctive collagen matrix or connective tissue graft: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pelekos George , Lu Jean Zhiyin , Ho Dominic King Lun , Graziani Filippo , Cairo Francesco , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have looked at professional assessment or patient perception of aesthetics after root coverage procedures. The addition of connective tissue grafts (CTG) seems to improve aesthetic outcomes. The objective of this a priori analysis was to compare aesthetics after addition of CTG or a collagen matrix (CMX) to coronally advanced flap (CAF).MethodsTwo independent, trained and calibrated assessors analysed baseline and 6‐month post‐operative Images from 183 subjects with 475 recessions from a previously reported multicentre multinational randomized clinical trial. The root coverage aesthetic score (RES) was assessed in its five constituent components after assessing the suitability of images blindly with regard to treatment assignment and centre. Data were analysed at the tooth and subject level.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐five subjects (81 CTG) and 393 teeth (207 CTG) were included in the analysis. CTG control subjects had higher total RES scores (mean adjusted difference of 1.3 ± 0.8 RES units, p = 0.002). Analyses of RES subcomponents showed that the CTG group had higher scores in terms of gingival margin position but that better marginal tissue contour (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.7) and soft tissue texture (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9–5.8) was observed for the CMX group. No significant differences were observed for mucogingival alignment and gingival colour.ConclusionBetter overall RES scores were observed for the CTG group. Better marginal tissue texture and marginal contour were observed in the CMX group. More research and development is needed to optimize materials to be used in conjunction with CAF to improve root coverage without negatively affecting tissue texture and marginal contour.