bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ReFRAME library as a comprehensive drug repurposing library and its application to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Janes Jeff , Young Megan E. , Chen Emily , Rogers Nicole H. , Burgstaller-Muehlbacher Sebastian , Hughes Laura D. , Love Melissa S. , Hull Mitchell V. , Kuhen Kelli L. , Woods Ashley K. , Joseph Sean B. , Petrassi H. Michael , McNamara Case W. , Tremblay Matthew S. , Su Andrew I. , Schultz Peter G. , Chatterjee Arnab K. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The ReFRAME collection of 12,000 compounds is a best-in-class drug repurposing library containing nearly all small molecules that have reached clinical development or undergone significant preclinical profiling. The purpose of such a screening collection is to enable rapid testing of compounds with demonstrated safety profiles in new indications, such as neglected or rare diseases, where there is less commercial motivation for expensive research and development. Providing the academic and nonprofit research community access to a high-value compound collection and related screening data in an open-access platform should provide new tool compounds for biomedical research, as well as accelerate drug-discovery and/or development programs aimed at developing new therapies for diverse unmet medical needs.
On the linearity of lattices in affine buildings and ergodicity of the singular Cartan flow
Authors: Bader Uri , Caprace Pierre-Emmanuel , Lécureux Jean 
Published: October 2018

Let

X
X

be a locally finite irreducible affine building of dimension

≥
2

\geq 2

, and let

Γ
≤
Aut
⁡
(
X
)

\Gamma \leq \operatorname {Aut}(X)

be a discrete group acting cocompactly. The goal of this paper is to address the following question: When is

Γ
\Gamma

linear? More generally, when does

Γ
\Gamma

admit a finite-dimensional representation with infinite image over a commutative unital ring? If

X
X

is the Bruhat–Tits building of a simple algebraic group over a local field and if

Γ
\Gamma

is an arithmetic lattice, then

Γ
\Gamma

is clearly linear. We prove that if

X
X

is of type

A
~

2

\widetilde {A}_2

, then the converse holds. In particular, cocompact lattices in exotic

A
~

2

\widetilde {A}_2

-buildings are nonlinear. As an application, we obtain the first infinite family of lattices in exotic

A
~

2

\widetilde {A}_2

-buildings of arbitrarily large thickness, providing a partial answer to a question of W. Kantor from 1986. We also show that if

X
X

is Bruhat–Tits of arbitrary type, then the linearity of

Γ
\Gamma

implies that

Γ
\Gamma

is virtually contained in the linear part of the automorphism group of

X
X

; in particular,

Γ
\Gamma

is an arithmetic lattice. The proofs are based on the machinery of algebraic representations of ergodic systems recently developed by U. Bader and A. Furman. The implementation of that tool in the present context requires the geometric construction of a suitable ergodic

Γ
\Gamma

-space attached to the the building

X
X

, which we call the singular Cartan flow.
Top-Down Policy Implementation and Social Workers as Institutional Entrepreneurs: The Case of an Electronic Information System in Belgium
Authors: De Corte Joris , Devlieghere Jochen , Roets Griet , Roose Rudi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, we focus on how social workers use their agency when implementing top-down policy measures as street-level bureaucrats. We report on findings of a case study that was conducted in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium, about the top-down introduction of an electronic information system (IS) in the field of Child Welfare and Protection (CWP). Starting from insights derived from neo-institutional theory, we explore how social workers perform a role as so-called ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ by initiating critical reflections about policy rationales. In our contribution, we show that, despite social workers’ awareness of being embedded in their own field or service area, they use their field-level expertise and day-to-day experiences to disengage from this context as well. Besides unravelling the lack of coherence informing the IS’s initial ambitions of transparency and efficiency, they constantly (re)frame their views and explain their alternative ideas with the aim of convincing other social workers and managers. In this vein, we conclude by highlighting the importance of ‘distributed’ forms of agency that involve a gradual process, which is co-produced by social workers as street-level bureaucrats in close collaboration with service users, other professionals, other organisations and policy makers.
Cultural variation in the gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex is moderated by the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4)
Authors: Yu Qinggang , Abe Nobuhito , King Anthony , Yoon Carolyn , Liberzon Israel , Kitayama Shinobu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a systematic cultural difference in the volume/thickness of prefrontal regions of the brain. However, origins of this difference remain unclear. Here, we addressed this gap by adopting a unique genetic approach. People who carry the 7- or 2-repeat (7/2-R) allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) are more sensitive to environmental influences, including cultural influences. Therefore, if the difference in brain structure is due to cultural influences, it should be moderated by DRD4. We recruited 132 young adults (both European Americans and Asian-born East Asians). Voxel-based morphometry showed that gray matter (GM) volume of the medial prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex was significantly greater among European Americans than among East Asians. Moreover, the difference in GM volume was significantly more pronounced among carriers of the 7/2-R allele of DRD4 than among non-carriers. This pattern was robust in an alternative measure assessing cortical thickness. A further exploratory analysis showed that among East Asian carriers, the number of years spent in the U.S. predicted increased GM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex. The present evidence is consistent with a view that culture shapes the brain by mobilizing epigenetic pathways that are gradually established through socialization and enculturation.
Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a Long-term Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Chopra Teena , Rivard Christopher , Awali Reda A , Krishna Amar , Bonomo Robert A , Perez Federico , Kaye Keith S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Residents of long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) are considered important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms, including Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). We conducted this study to define the characteristics of CRE-infected/colonized patients admitted to an LTACH and the molecular characteristics of the CRE isolates.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted to collect information on demographic and comorbid conditions in CRE-colonized/infected patients admitted to a 77-bed LTACH in Detroit between January 2011 and July 2012. Data pertaining to hospital-related exposures were collected for 30 days before positive CRE culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene amplification, repetitive sequence–based PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on 8 of the CRE isolates.

Results
The study cohort included 30 patients with CRE-positive cultures, 24 (80%) with infections, and 6 (20%) with colonization. The mean age of cohort was 69 ±12.41 years; 19 (63%) patients were ventilator-dependent, and 20 (67%) were treated with at least 1 antibiotic. Twenty-three (77%) patients had CRE detected following LTACH admission, and the median days from admission to CRE detection in these patients (interquartile range) was 25 (11–43). Seven more patients were already positive for CRE at the time of LTACH admission. Molecular genotyping and MLST of 8 CRE isolates demonstrated that all isolates belonged to the same strain type (ST258) and contained the blaKPC-3 sequence.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with CRE presented several days to weeks after LTACH admission, indicating possible organism acquisition in the LTACH itself. The genetic similarity of the CRE isolates tested could further indicate the occurrence of horizontal transmission in the LTACH or simply be representative of the regionally dominant strain.
‘Taking Back Control’, the UK’s Constitutional Narrative and Schrodinger’s Devolution
Authors: Sandford Mark , Gormley-Heenan Cathy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The UK’s decision to leave the European Union in 2016 threatens to open up a range of territorial management issues that have long remained unexplored. Since 1999, the UK’s devolution settlements have allowed divergent constitutional narratives to develop and to co-exist. This ‘constructive ambiguity’ has led UK territorial governance to take the form of ‘Schrodinger’s devolution’, where Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have and have not experienced fundamental constitutional change. However, the technical requirements of Brexit will mandate the need for exact decisions where ‘constructive ambiguity’ has existed up to now. The UK’s unwritten constitution, limited intergovernmental relations and a lack of shared rule mechanisms mean that these technical decisions have the potential to lead to ongoing political instability.
Preoperative Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Functional Ability Predict Performance-Based Outcomes 6 Months After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Devasenapathy Niveditha , Maddison Ralph , Malhotra Rajesh , Zodepy Sanjay , Sharma Saket , Belavy Daniel L 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
One-third of individuals report limitations in activities of daily living even 6 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Moderate-quality evidence exists for several sociodemographic and clinical predictors of patient-reported outcome measures of perceived functionality. Objectively measured performance-based measures (PBMs) provide a less subjective approach to informing patient treatment after TKA; however, information about predictors of functionally relevant PBMs is scarce.

Purpose
This systematic review synthesized the available research on preoperative predictors of PBMs after primary TKA for osteoarthritis.

Data Sources
In June 2016 and January 2017, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched.

Study Selection
Cohort studies exploring preoperative predictors of stair climbing, walking speed, and gait speed measured ≥6 months after primary TKA were included. Screening of abstracts and selection of full texts were undertaken by 2 independent reviewers.

Data Extraction
Information on study design, patient characteristics, analysis, and results was extracted using pilot-tested forms. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias using modified Quality in Prognostic Studies criteria.

Data Synthesis
Of the eligible 12 studies involving 6 prospective cohorts, 10 studies reported information on baseline predictors. Meta-analysis of predictors was not possible because of missing information on effect size or standard errors. Narrative synthesis of evidence of predictors was therefore performed.

Limitations
The quality of evidence was low because of the risk of bias and heterogeneity of included studies as well as nonreporting of measures of effect.

Conclusions
Low-quality evidence exists for an association of preoperative functional ability and quadriceps muscle strength with functionality at 6 months after TKA. Improved reporting of predictor analyses is needed to enable evidence generation for clinical management.
Program-Level Factors Influencing Positive Graduate Outcomes of Physical Therapy Residency Programs
Authors: Hartley Gregory W , Roach Kathryn E , Harrington Kendra L , McNally Stephanie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Physical therapist clinical residency programs vary widely in administrative structure, instructional characteristics, and program design. The impact of program-level factors on resident outcomes such as graduation and board certification is unknown.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of program-level factors on participant outcomes of physical therapist residency programs.

Design
This was a retrospective cohort study using data from accredited programs from 2010 to 2013.

Methods
Data were collected on program characteristics such as administrative structure, size, salary, tuition, full- or part-time options, didactic format, and clinical-site structure. The odds ratios were calculated to examine the impact of program characteristics on graduation, board certification, and passing the exam. A logistic regression analysis to determine the combined contribution of these characteristics on the 3 outcomes was performed.

Results
Data from 183 residency programs and 1589 residents were analyzed. Participants attending programs that were single site or multifacility, provided live didactic instruction, did not charge tuition, and paid residents ≥ 70% full-time equivalent salary were 9.8 times more likely to graduate, 5.1 times more likely to become board certified, and 3.2 times more likely to pass the specialty board examination.

Limitations
This study did not examine the impact of program location, resident attributes, or resident exposure to patient diagnostic volume and variety.

Conclusions
This study has identified some program-level factors that appear to influence the odds of graduating, becoming board-certified, and passing the specialty board examination. This information could inform existing and developing residency programs, as well as applicants, on program-level factors that might influence participant outcomes.
Factors Influencing Nurses’ Perceptions of the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing as Minimum Requirement for Professional Practice
Authors: Thielmann Bethany , Parker Kelly K. , Post Jill M. , Abraham Samuel P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing nurses’ perceptions of the baccalaureate degree in nursing as the minimum requirement for professional practice.

BACKGROUND
The associate degree nursing program was created in response to a nursing shortage in the early 1950s. In 1965, the American Nurses Association recommended that the BSN be the minimum to practice professionally as a nurse.

METHOD
A quantitative method with a descriptive design was used. An online, Likert-type survey collected data from 61 nurses in southern Michigan and northern Indiana. Two open-ended questions were included to gain perceptions in nurses’ own words.

RESULTS
Higher education was noted as positive for nurses, but not necessary for becoming an expert nurse. The most common factors influencing advancing education were time and money, followed by career advancement.

CONCLUSION
The study supports the idea that if nurses are able, they will continue their education.
Type 2 diabetes management
Authors: GC Kajal , Cadet Myriam Jean , Hirani Shabeena , Thomas Tisha 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that requires ongoing medical management. If T2DM is not adequately assessed and managed, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and complications may occur. This article provides clinical guidance to NPs on the management of T2DM in primary care settings.
Variable clinical presentations of babesiosis
Authors: Paparone Pamela , Paparone Philip W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:
Human babesiosis continues to spread in multiple regions of the US. It is transmitted by Ixodes species ticks, as are Lyme disease and anaplasmosis. Its variable clinical presentations, together with serologic detection limitations, require that a high index of clinical suspicion be present for prompt diagnosis. This article discusses case examples showing the wide range of symptoms and presentations that are possible with babesiosis.
Patient Satisfaction after Aesthetic Chondrolaryngoplasty
Authors: Cohen Michael B. , Insalaco Louis F. , Tonn Christopher R. , Spiegel Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Patient’s pursuing aesthetic surgery often inquire about the success of the procedure. Having objective data for these patients improves preoperative counseling. To assess patient satisfaction after aesthetic chondrolaryngoplasty using specifically developed outcomes assessment instrument and to evaluate the anatomy of the vocalis insertion on the thyroid cartilage and its effect on the extent of surgical resection.

Methods:
Retrospective survey of patients who underwent chondrolaryngoplasty from 2006 to 2012. Patients answered 6 questions on a 5-point Likert scale assessing satisfaction from a physical, emotional, and social quality of life perspective. We separately undertook cadaveric dissection to examine the ligamentous attachment of the vocal fold to the thyroid cartilage.
All patient were seen in a private practice affiliated with a university medical center.
One hundred ninety-eight patients underwent chondrolaryngoplasty during the study period; we were able to contact 112.
The main outcome measure is patient satisfaction using a 5-point Likert Scale.

Results:
Sixty percentage of patients were either “very” or “completely” satisfied with the appearance of their neck and Adam’s apple. Only 13% still reported that their neck/Adam’s apple still appeared unsatisfactorily prominent or masculine. No patients had permanent voice change, and greater than 90% of patients had no significant voice change of any duration; any voice change was temporary. The most frequent comments from less satisfied patients were the amount of remaining prominence and the size or location of the scar.

Conclusions:
Aesthetic chondrolaryngoplasty is a safe and effective surgery to reduce the prominence of the thyroid cartilage. Patients should be aware that because of the need to preserve voice it may not be 100% effective from an aesthetic perspective.
Greater Sleep Fragmentation Is Associated With Less Physical Activity in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Cox Narelle S. , Pepin Véronique , Holland Anne E. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Sleep quality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is known to be poor, whereas participating in regular physical activity is associated with less decline in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]). The relationship between sleep quality and physical activity in people with CF is unknown.

Methods:
Secondary analysis of sleep and activity data collected via actigraphy. Adults with CF in stable health, participating in a study of physical activity (including assessment of exercise capacity), completed 7 d of activity and sleep assessment (SenseWear Armband [SWA]; BodyMedia). Sleep characteristics were derived from accelerometer positional data and registration of sleep state by the SWA, determined by energy expenditure.

Results:
Sleep and activity data were available for 47 participants [n = 28 male; mean ± standard deviation age = 29 ± 8 yr; median (IQR) FEV1 = 60 (50, 82) % predicted]. More fragmented sleep was associated with poorer exercise capacity (r
s = −0.303, P = .04), less time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (r
s = −0.337, P = .020), and poorer FEV1 (r
s = −0.344, P = .018). Regression analysis showed that less fragmented sleep was an independent predictor of more total daily activity time (β = −1.0, standard error [SE] of β = .4, P = .02) and trended toward significance for more moderate-vigorous physical activity (β = −.3, SE of β = −.26, P = .08). Greater total sleep time and sleep efficiency were related to better exercise capacity and lung function (P < .05).

Conclusion:
This secondary analysis demonstrated a modest relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity and exercise capacity in adults with CF. Future studies of interventions to promote physical activity participation in this group should consider the relationship between sleep and activity performance.
Sex- and Gender-Related Factors Associated With Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollment
Authors: Cossette Sylvie , Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Mailhot Tanya , Fontaine Guillaume , Cournoyer Alexis , Cournoyer Catherine , Guertin Marie-Claude , Juneau Martin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To assess sex- and gender-related factors associated with cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrollment following acute coronary syndrome among systematically referred patients.

Methods:
This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial used an exploratory approach to examine the TRANSITion process for patients between the coronary care unit and CR (TRANSIT-UC). The present analysis examined the relationship between sex- and gender-related factors and CR enrollment in systematically referred women (n = 35) and men (n = 207). We performed χ2 and logistic regression analyses to identify statistically significant results. Using the Bonferroni method, a P value of .002 or less was considered a significant statistical result. A raw difference of 15% or more between enrolled and nonenrolled participants was considered a difference worthy of further investigation.

Results:
Men who were regularly engaged in physical activity prior to their hospitalization and who lived near the CR center showed a statistically higher CR enrollment rate. In women and men, a radial entry site for percutaneous coronary intervention resulted in a clinically significant difference in favor of CR enrollment. In women, 3 sex-related and 9 gender-related variables were associated with a difference of 15% or more between enrolled and nonenrolled participants.

Conclusion:
Factors related to CR enrollment in women and men are suggested. As women keep showing a lower rate of CR enrolment, the investigation of these factors in a larger sample of patients may hold valuable insights to improve CR enrolment.