bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Synoptic Activity Increases Oxygen Levels in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Duteil Olaf 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms controlling the variability of oxygen levels in the ocean are poorly quantified. I focus here on the impact of wind synoptic variability associated with tropical convective regions and extratropical storms. Removing the wind higher frequencies of variability (2 days to 1 month) in an atmosphere reanalysis used to force an ocean model decreases wind stress by up to 20% in the tropics and 50% in the midlatitudes, weakening wind‐driven ocean circulation by 20%. Oxygen levels decrease by up to 10 mmol/m3 in tropical oceans and 30 mmol/m3 in subtropical gyres mainly due to changes in advective processes. While a large part of the tropical oxygen anomaly has local origins, changes in oxygen levels in the subtropical gyres modulate tropical oxygen distribution. This study suggests that the “storminess” of the ocean is an important parameter that could determine the future evolution of poorly oxygenated regions.
Abnormal Gravity Wave Activity in the Stratosphere Prior to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes
Authors: Yang Shih‐Sian , Asano Tomokazu , Hayakawa Masashi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarthquake (EQ) prediction is an essential topic in recent geophysics and disaster management. In order to explain EQ precursory phenomena, especially the ionospheric perturbations, a few hypotheses have been proposed as the mechanism of lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The most reliable seems to be the atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) hypothesis, because a lot of subionospheric very low frequency (VLF) observations and also ground surface measurements support this hypothesis. However, no direct signature of AGW activity in the middle atmosphere has been yet obtained. So in this study, we have used the ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the tempo‐spatial evolution of stratospheric AGW activity before a recent huge seismic event of the 2016 Kumamoto EQ on 15 April (Mw7.2). It was found that the AGW potential energy is enhanced significantly during about 1 week before the EQ. The enhancement was mainly distributed around the EQ epicenter and expanded toward eastern Japan. The AGW activity was highest around 11 April, then it calmed down and returned to the background level right before the EQ. These results were compared with the subionospheric VLF observations during the same period, and then the tempo‐spatial evolutions of the lower ionospheric perturbation are found to be very consistent with the stratospheric behavior. The present paper reports on the first finding that the abnormal AGW activity in the stratosphere is detected before a major EQ, and the coincidence of stratospheric AGW activity with VLF subionospheric perturbations provides further support to the AGW hypothesis of the lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process.
Thermal Conductivity Anomaly in (Fe0.78Mg0.22)CO3 Siderite Across Spin Transition of Iron
Authors: Chao Keng‐Hsien , Hsieh Wen‐Pin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSiderite was proposed to be an important mantle carbon‐hosting mineral in Earth's deep carbon cycle. It undergoes a pressure‐induced spin transition of iron around 40–55 GPa, through which many physical properties change drastically. Thermal conductivity of mantle minerals is key to control temperature profiles and thermal evolution in the mantle and subducting slabs. However, the lattice thermal conductivity of iron‐bearing carbonates under relevant mantle conditions has never been investigated. Here we combined high‐pressure diamond‐anvil cell, Raman spectroscopy, and ultrafast optical pump‐probe method to measure the lattice thermal conductivity of siderite to 67 GPa at room temperature. We found that during the spin transition the thermal conductivity varies significantly with the extent of low‐spin state, which is largely different from that of the lower‐mantle ferropericlase. Our results further suggest that when the siderite is transported to depths of 1,400–1,800 km, such thermal conductivity anomaly within a narrow pressure range may induce anomalies in local thermochemical profiles and alter the distribution fields of subducting minerals, which in turn would influence the fate of carbonates in global carbon cycle.
Risk gene-set and pathways in 22q11.2 deletion-related schizophrenia: a genealogical molecular approach
Authors: Michaelovsky Elena , Carmel Miri , Frisch Amos , Salmon-Divon Mali , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Weizman Abraham , Gothelf Doron 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion is a strong, but insufficient, “first hit” genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SZ). We attempted to identify “second hits” from the entire genome in a unique multiplex 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) family. Bioinformatic analysis of whole-exome sequencing and comparative-genomic hybridization array identified de novo and inherited, rare and damaging variants, including copy number variations, outside the 22q11.2 region. A specific 22q11.2-haplotype was associated with psychosis. The interaction of the identified “second hits” with the 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency may affect neurodevelopmental processes, including neuron projection, cytoskeleton activity, and histone modification in 22q11.2DS-ralated psychosis. A larger load of variants, involved in neurodevelopment, in combination with additional molecular events that affect sensory perception, olfactory transduction and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling may account for the development of 22q11.2DS-related SZ. Comprehensive analysis of multiplex families is a promising approach to the elucidation of the molecular pathophysiology of 22q11.2DS-related SZ with potential relevance to treatment.
Virus and bacteria inactivation by CO2 bubbles in solution
Authors: Garrido Sanchis Adrian , Pashley Richard , Ninham Barry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe availability of clean water is a major problem facing the world. In particular, the cost and destruction caused by viruses in water remains an unresolved challenge and poses a major limitation on the use of recycled water. Here, we develop an environmentally friendly technology for sterilising water. The technology bubbles heated un-pressurised carbon dioxide or exhaust gases through wastewater in a bubble column, effectively destroying both bacteria and viruses. The process is extremely cost effective, with no concerning by-products, and has already been successfully scaled-up industrially.
Effects of roads on giant panda distribution: a mountain range scale evaluation
Authors: He Ke , Dai Qiang , Gu Xianghui , Zhang Zejun , Zhou Jiang , Qi Dunwu , Gu Xiaodong , Yang Xuyu , Zhang Wen , Yang Biao , Yang Zhisong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFew studies have focused on the mountain ranges scale effects of roads on wildlife. This lack of data could lead to an underestimation of the negative impact of roads on animal populations. We analyzed a dataset that included 74.4% of the giant panda population and covered 78.7% of the global giant panda habitat to estimate road-effect zones for major roads, and to investigate how these major roads influenced the distribution of giant pandas on a mountain range spatial scale. We found that the density of giant panda signs was significantly decreased by proximity to major roads. The effect zone reached 5,000 m from national roads and 1,500 m from provincial roads. Structural equation model analysis revealed that the strongest negative impact of major roads on giant pandas was via the reduction of nearby forest cover. The results should provide a better understanding of the impact of anthropogenic infrastructure and regional economic development on wildlife, thus providing a basis for conservation policy decisions. We suggest that the environmental impact assessment of proposed roadways or further researches on road ecological effects should expand to a larger scale and consider the possible habitat degradation caused by road access.
Aptamers as quality control tool for production, storage and biosimilarity of the anti-CD20 biopharmaceutical rituximab
Authors: Wildner Sabrina , Huber Sara , Regl Christof , Huber Christian G. , Lohrig Urs , Gadermaier Gabriele 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDetailed analysis of biopharmaceuticals is crucial for safety, efficacy and stability. Aptamers, which are folded, single-stranded oligonucleotides, can be used as surrogate antibodies to detect subtle conformational changes. We aimed to generate and assess DNA aptamers against the therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Six rituximab-specific aptamers with Kd = 354–887 nM were obtained using the magnetic bead-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. Aptamer folds were analysed by online prediction tools and circular dichroism spectroscopy suggesting quadruplex structures for two aptamers while others present B-DNA helices. Aptamer binding and robustness with respect to minor differences in buffer composition or aptamer folding were verified in the enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay. Five aptamers showed exclusive specificity to the Fab-fragment of rituximab while one aptamer revealed a broader recognition pattern to other monoclonal antibodies. Structural differences upon incubation at 40 °C for 72 h or UV exposure of rituximab were uncovered by four aptamers. High similarity between rituximab originator and biosimilar lots was demonstrated. The most sensitive aptamer (RA2) detected signal changes for all lots of a copy product suggesting conformational differences. For the first time, a panel of rituximab-specific aptamers was generated allowing the assessment of conformational coherence during production, storage, and biosimilarity of different products.
Offset‐cancelling current‐mode sense amplifier for fast‐read eFlash memory
Authors: Zhu Wenyi , Jiang Jianwei , Zhang Haineng , Xiao Jun , Yang Guangjun , Zou Shichang 
Published: February 2019

A novel offset‐cancelling current‐mode sense amplifier (OC‐CSA) to improve the sensing speed of embedded flash (eFlash) memory is proposed. To reduce the precharge time related to random address transitions, this OC‐CSA adopts a new precharge acceleration scheme. Moreover, by employing offset cancellation, double sensing margin and strong positive feedback techniques, the new OC‐CSA can achieve a sensing speed 1.6 × faster than other OC‐CSAs. A 130 nm 1 Mb eFlash macro to confirm the high‐speed capability of the proposed OC‐CSA is fabricated. The experiment results show the new OC‐CSA can achieve a read access time of 11 ns at VDD = 1.3 V.
Frakturversorgung der Patella
Authors: Ellwein Alexander , Lill Helmut 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie für Patellafrakturen wird in Abhängigkeit von Klinik und radiologischer Diagnostik gestellt. Frakturen mit einer Gelenkstufe kleiner als 2 mm und erhaltener Streckfähigkeit des Kniegelenkes können konservativ behandelt werden. Die Zuggurtungsosteosynthese stellt eine Standardversorgung dislozierter Querfrakturen dar. Limitationen sind in der unzureichenden Stabilisierung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen sowie der hohen Komplikationsrate zu sehen. Die Schraubenosteosynthese mit mindestens zwei Schrauben ist eine Alternative für Querfrakturen mit niedriger Komplikationsrate. Die Kombination aus kanülierten Schrauben mit additiver Zuggurtung durch die Schrauben vereint die Vorteile beider Verfahren. Trotz der höheren Stabilität bleibt die Versorgung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen eingeschränkt. Moderne winkelstabile Platten ermöglichen durch ihre multiplen Schraubenlöcher eine Versorgung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Stabilität ist eine sofortige Vollbelastung möglich. Erste klinische Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend.
Die Bedeutung der HWS für Gleichgewicht und
Sport
Authors: Beinert Konstantin , Brauner Torsten 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Auslöser für Nackenschmerzen kennen viele Sportler: einmal zu hart trainiert,
vom Gegner unsanft zu Fall gebracht – die Ursachen sind vielfältig. Was aber
kaum jemand weiß: Nackenschmerzen können auch die Leistung beinträchtigen. Hier
erfahren Sie, warum das so ist und welche Aspekte beim Training zu beachten
sind.
Gleichgewichtstraining: Transfer auf untrainierte
Aufgaben?
Authors: Kramer Andreas , Giboin Louis-Solal 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungIst Gleichgewicht eine Fähigkeit oder Fertigkeit? Was muss ich trainieren, damit
ich für kritische Situationen gewappnet bin? Die Autoren entzaubern den Mythos
Gleichgewichtstraining und geben wertvolle Hinweise, wie ein wirkungsvolles
Training zur Vermeidung von Stürzen und Verletzungen gestaltet werden muss.
Neuromuskuläres Training zur Verletzungsprävention im
Kinder- und Jugendsport
Authors: Faude Oliver , Rössler Roland 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungEs besteht kein Zweifel darüber, dass Sport für Kinder gut ist, gerade angesichts
des hohen gesundheitlichen Risikos von Bewegungsmangel. Dass mit dem
Sporttreiben auch das Verletzungsrisiko steigt, ist ebenfalls unbestritten.
Daher ist es umso erfreulicher, dass das Risiko von Sportverletzungen im Kinder-
und Jugendsport mit geeigneten Maßnahmen wirkungsvoll herabgesetzt werden kann.
In dem Artikel erfahren Sie, wie das gelingt.
15.1 Flow Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Part 1
Authors: O’Brien A. G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe use of flow chemistry in the single- and multistep synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients has been well demonstrated. The pharmaceutical industry is now taking the next steps towards integration of flow chemistry into large-scale commercialized processes, which can effectively supply patient populations. This chapter details advances in this area, and outlines the data and knowledge required to select, develop, scale, and commercialize an efficient flow process.
Perception metaphor in English
Authors: Anderson Wendy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter offers a perspective on perception metaphor based on the evidence of the recorded language history of English. It draws on the analysis carried out by the “Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus” project, which in turn exploits lexicographical evidence representing the English language over a period of more than a millennium. The foundation of the project is the principle that metaphor can be discerned in the lexis shared across semantic fields. The chapter gives an overview of metaphors with either a source or a target in each of the five perception categories and uses examples from the relatively neglected senses, Touch, Taste and Smell, to illustrate the richness and long history of perception metaphors in English.
Sensory experiences, meaning and metaphor
Authors: Caballero Rosario 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of metaphorical language used to communicate sensory experiences in the context of wine discourse, particularly in the tasting note genre where metaphor provides wine critics with the means to describe what wines feel like in the nose and mouth. Using data from a corpus of tasting notes written in English (2,053 texts and 100,674 words), it examines the language used in the description of wines’ aromas, flavours and mouthfeel in order to better understand the contribution of metaphor in the transfer of the olfactory, gustatory and tactile experiences to readers. The main concern is to explore expressions that cut across sensory modalities, i.e., instantiate synaesthetic metaphor, and point to the possibility of the synaesthetic motivation of a good amount of the language presumably informed by metaphors of the conceptual type.
Grounding mental metaphors in touch
Authors: Trojszczak Marcin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study aims to describe how experiences of tactile properties of physical objects give rise to metaphorical conceptualisations of mind and thought in English and Polish based on linguistic data from the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish. This issue is approached from the perspective of corpus-based cognitive linguistics by combining the Theory of Objectification framework and the methodological tools of corpus linguistics. By analysing a wide range of tactile properties ascribed to the selected mental phenomena in light of the Theory of Objectification, the study aims to demonstrate how active, exploratory, tactile experiences of physical objects’ qualities ground our talk about impalpable cognitive phenomena.
Evidential vindication in next turn
Authors: Kendrick Kobin H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Perception verbs are frequent in conversation across diverse languages and cultures. This chapter presents a case study of a recurrent but previously undocumented use of the perception verb see in everyday English conversation. Using conversation analysis, the chapter explicates the use of “See?” – the verb see produced with rising intonation as a possibly complete turn-constructional unit – as claim of evidential vindication. With “See?” a speaker claims a just prior turn, action, or event as support for a previous assertive action. The analysis demonstrates that the practice exploits two distinct forms of sequence organisation, adjacency pairs and retro-sequences, and reflects on the fit between the perception verb see and the action it implements within this practice.
Sensory perception metaphors in sign languages
Authors: Zeshan Ulrike , Palfreyman Nick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, we explore perceptual metaphors across a convenience sample of data from 24 sign languages. To do this, the chapter uses the framework of Sign Language Typology, the systematic comparative study of grammatical/semantic domains across sign languages (Zeshan & Palfreyman, 2017). Sign languages differ from spoken languages due to iconic mapping, that is, the tendency for signs of perception to be articulated at or near the sense organs. This is the basis for two types of signs: those with double-stage metaphors have literal and metaphorical lexical meanings, while those with single-stage metaphors lack literal lexical meanings of perception and instead rely on sublexical iconicity. We cover cross-linguistic patterns of metaphorical extensions of meaning in these signs, and the grammaticalisation of a class of prefixes that are associated with sensory perception.
Perception and metaphor
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The general issue I address in the paper is this: How is the concept of smell linguistically coded in English, as examined from a cognitive linguistic perspective? I break down this larger theoretical issue into three sub-issues: One sub-issue concerns what the lexis of smell in English reveals about the conceptual organisation of smell. What is the conceptual prototype of smell? Another has to do with which lexical items are used from the domain of smell to structure other, more abstract concepts. Indeed, I show, partly based on previous work by others, that there are several conceptual metaphors that involve the concept of smell as their source domain. However, and this is the third sub-issue, I also argue that smell can also occur as a target domain in conceptual metaphors. This possibility presents a challenge to conceptual metaphor theory, which claims that perceptual experiences (and the concepts corresponding to them) are understood in a direct, literal way and that concepts that are not based on perceptual experiences (i.e., are not concrete) are understood figuratively by making use of such direct, literal conceptualisations. I conclude that smell is a fairly richly coded concept in English, but whose degree of “linguistic codability” can only be established relative to counterpart concepts in other languages and relative to other sense modalities in studies conducted by means of the same methodology and cognitive linguistic machinery as employed in the present one.
“But you don’t sound Malay!”
Authors: Hong Sim Jasper 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examined the English accents of English-Malay bilinguals in Singapore to ascertain whether language dominance was a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, with a hypothesis that a Malay-dominant bilingual would have more ethnic-specific features than an English-dominant one. Ten English-Malay bilinguals – five English-dominant and five Malay-dominant – who differed greatly in their language dominance took part in this study. In an ethnic discriminability task that involved 60 naïve raters, Malay-dominant bilinguals were significantly more often correctly identified as ethnically Malay and were rated as having a significantly more perceivable Malay-accented English accent, while those who were English-dominant had an English accent that lacked ethnic-specific features so much so that naïve raters, including raters who were English-Malay bilinguals, were less able to identify the speakers as ethnically Malay. The results of this study indicate that early sequential bilinguals or simultaneous bilinguals of the same two languages need not have similar accents. The findings also suggest that language dominance is a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, at least for the English-Malay bilinguals.
Traversing language barriers
Authors: Wojtylak Katarzyna I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ‘Witoto’ people from Northwest Amazonia practised long distance drum communication, used for relaying messages among their villages. The messages were encoded on a pair of hollowed-out wooden drums, and appear to have been ‘drummed codes’, with only some iconic relation to the sound structure of the spoken language. The practice of drum communication appears to be easily diffusible in contact situations. The Caquetá-Putumayo (C-P) cultural area is a case in point, as the Witoto drums were shared with other C-P groups including the Ocaina, Nonuya, Bora, Muinane, Resígaro, and Andoque. Today, the practice of long distance drum communication among the Witoto has been long gone, with just a handful of elders who are still able to recall some of the (once extensive) drummed signal repertoire.
Engaging publics through climate math
Authors: Na’puti Tiara R. , Pezzullo Phaedra C. , Sprain Leah , Reinig Lydia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnergy democracy hopes to foster community engagement and participation in shaping our transition from fossil fuels to a renewable energy-based economy. These considerations result from critiques by environmental justice, climate justice, and just transition advocates. Although many are sympathetic to energy democracy ideals, climate goals often are articulated in math terms. This essay defines the aforementioned key terms and asks: what are the limitations and possibilities of engaging publics when climate action solely is articulated in numbers? A compelling case study is the City of Boulder – recognized as a global leader in climate science and a national leader in innovative environmental planning. This essay shares work from 2016, when the City shared a climate action plan for public feedback, supported several public participation events, and passed climate action legislation goals. We argue a just transition and energy democracy ideals are hindered if we reduce climate goals to math.