bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Care Among Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Pearlstein Kevin A , Basak Ramsankar , Chen Ronald C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors, but whether survivors receive routine cardiovascular monitoring and preventive care has not been well studied. This study uses a population-based dataset to examine this question.

Methods
Data from the National Health Interview Survey were used to identify 13 266 cancer survivors who completed surveys from 2011 to 2015. Prevalence of CVD and associated risk factors, patterns of doctor visitation, and receipt of CVD preventive care were examined. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with the receipt of preventive care for survivors with and without CVD risk factors.

Results
CVD risk factors were prevalent in older cancer survivors 65 years and older (56.9% with hyperlipidemia, 66.8% with hypertension) and younger survivors younger than 50 years (35.4% obese, 30.3% current smokers). Rates of blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose monitoring were high, but rates of lifestyle modification were lower (54.8% moderate exercise, 47.1% smoking cessation attempts among smokers). Although 71.5% of survivors at 2 years or less from diagnosis saw both general and specialist doctors, only 51.6% of survivors at 5 or more years saw both, and 43.5% saw only a general doctor. On multivariable analysis, receipt of CVD preventive care was strongly associated with general doctor visitation for those with and without CVD risk factors.

Conclusions
CVD and associated risk factors are prevalent among both older and younger cancer survivors across the United States. This study identifies areas for improvement related to lifestyle modification in survivors, and also highlights the importance of care transition to the primary care provider for long-term survivors.
Syrian Refugees as Seasonal Migrant Workers: Re-Construction of Unequal Power Relations in Turkish Agriculture
Authors: Pelek Deniz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article examines the case of Syrian refugees as seasonal migrant workers in Turkey and critically discusses the working and living conditions fostering their relative vulnerability compared to other workers. Syrian refugees are subject to discriminatory practices in terms of lower wages, longer working hours and improper sheltering conditions. This article explores how unequal power relations between ethnically different groups of workers in the agricultural sector are (re)constructed and the consequences of the emergence of Syrian refugees as a novel class. The essential aim of this study is to unravel the process and practice of ethnically hierarchized agricultural labour market after the entrance of refugees. To that effect, the empirical data was gathered through the ethnographic fieldwork (based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation) carried out in Manisa in August of 2013 and 2014 and in Adana-Mersin in September 2013 and February 2015. This study looks into the ways in which actors on farms (workers, labour intermediaries, land owners, village dwellers and state representatives) have responded to the current situation with regard to three controversial subjects: migrant employment, legal framework and the politics on Syrian refugees. It is argued that externalization of labour force realizes through creating new layers, which necessitates the construction of new ethnic categories such as Syrian refugees.
Prognostic value of hypochloremia versus hyponatremia among patients with chronic kidney disease—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kubota Keiichi , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Hamano Takayuki , Oka Tatsufumi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Shimada Karin , Matsumoto Ayumi , Hashimoto Nobuhiro , Mori Daisuke , Matsui Isao , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Serum chloride (Cl) levels confer better prognostic value than serum sodium (Na) levels among patients with heart failure. Little is known about the relationship between serum Cl levels and clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study enrolling patients with Stages G3–G5 CKD who visited the nephrology outpatient department of Osaka University Hospital from April 2005 to December 2014. The main exposure was time-varying serum Cl levels categorized as quartiles. The study outcome was a composite of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.

Results
A total of 2661 patients with CKD were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 284 deaths and 416 cardiovascular events occurred. Compared with patients in the third Cl quartile, those in the first Cl quartile showed a significantly higher risk of the outcome after adjustment for demographics and clinical factors including time-varying serum Na, serum albumin and bicarbonate levels, and use of diuretics and sodium bicarbonate [hazard ratio (HR) 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–3.81; P = 0.01] and, additionally, anion gap (HR 2.13; 95% CI 1.26–3.57; P = 0.004). Adding serum Cl levels, but not serum Na levels, to the multivariable model significantly improved net reclassification index (0.335; P &lt; 0.001) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.0113; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Lower serum Cl levels are an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular events. The incremental prognostic value of Cl was superior to that of Na in patients with CKD.
Association Between Adolescent Body Mass Index and Adulthood Smoking
Authors: Fang Michael 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Studies increasingly find a prospective association between adolescent weight status and adverse physical health outcomes. However, less is known about the long-term consequences of adolescent body weight on the adoption of health-risk behaviors. This study sought to determine whether adolescent body mass index (BMI) was associated with cigarette smoking in adulthood.

Methods
Six thousand six hundred eighty-three nonsmoking adolescents were interviewed at baseline (1996, age 11–20) and at follow-up (2008, age 24–32) as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Logistic and fractional regression models tested the association between adolescent BMI and smoking status and frequency in adulthood. Respondent weight and height were measured at baseline and converted into age and sex-specific BMI z-scores. Being a smoker was defined as smoking at least once in the past 30 days, while smoking frequency was defined as the proportion of days smoked over the past 30 days. Both outcomes were measured at follow-up.

Results
Adolescent BMI was positively associated with the transition from nonsmoking to smoking 12 years later for women but not men. Adolescent BMI was also positively associated with smoking frequency among women smokers. Both associations persisted after adjusting for established risk factors and were robust to sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Adolescent BMI was strongly associated with increased cigarette smoking behavior in adulthood for women, even after adjusting for important risk factors.

Implications
Using a large, nationally representative sample, this study found that adolescent BMI was positively associated with smoking behavior during adulthood for women but not men. These results have potentially important public health implications for future smoking rates in the United States, as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US adolescent females continues to grow. Thus, it may be important for smoking prevention interventions to prioritize overweight adolescent females moving forward.
Adaptation and Implementation of the STarT Back Risk Stratification Strategy in a US Health Care Organization: A Process Evaluation
Authors: Hsu Clarissa , Evers Sarah , Balderson Benjamin H , Sherman Karen J , Foster Nadine E , Estlin Katherin , Levine Martin , Cherkin Dan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To support implementation of effective treatments for back pain that can be delivered to a range of people, we summarize learnings from our process evaluation of the MATCH trial’s implementation of an adaptation of the STarT Back risk-stratified care model.

Design
Our logic model–driven evaluation focused primarily on qualitative data sources.

Setting
This study took place in a US-based health care delivery system that had adapted and implemented the STarT Back stratified care approach. This was the first formal test of the strategy in a US setting.

Methods
Data collection included observation of implementation activities, staff/provider interviews, and post-training evaluation questionnaires. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics for questionnaire data.

Results
We found that both primary care teams and physical therapists at intervention clinics gave the training high scores on evaluation questionnaires and reported in the interviews that they found the training engaging and useful. However, there was significant variation in the extent to which the risk stratification strategy was incorporated into care. Some primary care providers reported that the intervention changed their conversations with patients and increased their confidence in working with patients with back pain. Providers using the STarT Back tool did not change referral rates for recommended matched treatments.

Conclusions
These insights provide guidance for future efforts to adapt and implement the STarT Back strategy and other complex practice change interventions. They emphasize the need for primary care–based interventions to minimize complexity and the need for ongoing monitoring and feedback.
Developmental heterogeneity of microglia and brain myeloid cells revealed by deep single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Li Qingyun , Cheng Zuolin , Zhou Lu , Darmanis Spyros , Neff Norma , Okamoto Jennifer , Gulati Gunsagar , Bennett Mariko L. , Sun Lu O. , Clarke Laura E. , Marschallinger Julia , Yu Guoqiang , Quake Stephen R. , Wyss-Coray Tony , Barres Ben A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMicroglia are increasingly recognized for their major contributions during brain development and neurodegenerative disease. It is currently unknown if these functions are carried out by subsets of microglia during different stages of development and adulthood or within specific brain regions. Here, we performed deep single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of microglia and related myeloid cells sorted from various regions of embryonic, postnatal, and adult mouse brains. We found that the majority of adult microglia with homeostatic signatures are remarkably similar in transcriptomes, regardless of brain region. By contrast, postnatal microglia represent a more heterogeneous population. We discovered that postnatal white matter-associated microglia (WAM) are strikingly different from microglia in other regions and express genes enriched in degenerative disease-associated microglia. These postnatal WAM have distinct amoeboid morphology, are metabolically active, and phagocytose newly formed oligodendrocytes. This scRNA-seq atlas will be a valuable resource for dissecting innate immune functions in health and disease.HighlightsMyeloid scRNA-seq atlas across brain regions and developmental stagesLimited transcriptomic heterogeneity of homeostatic microglia in the adult brainPhase-specific gene sets of proliferating microglia along cell cycle pseudotimePhagocytic postnatal white matter-associated microglia sharing DAM gene signatures
Simulations suggest a constrictive force is required for Gram-negative bacterial cell division
Authors: Nguyen Lam T. , Oikonomou Catherine M. , Ding H. Jane , Kaplan Mohammed , Yao Qing , Chang Yi-Wei , Beeby Morgan , Jensen Grant J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo divide, Gram-negative bacterial cells must remodel their peptidoglycan cell wall to a smaller and smaller radius at the division site, but how this process occurs remains debated. While the tubulin homolog FtsZ is thought to generate a constrictive force, it has also been proposed that cell wall remodeling alone is sufficient to drive membrane constriction, possibly via a make-before-break mechanism in which new hoops of cell wall are made inside the existing hoops (make) before bonds in the existing wall are cleaved (break). Previously, we constructed software, REMODELER 1, to simulate cell wall remodeling in rod-shaped bacteria during growth. Here, we used this software as the basis for an expanded simulation system, REMODELER 2, which we used to explore different mechanistic models of cell wall division. We found that simply organizing the cell wall synthesis complexes at the midcell was not sufficient to cause wall invagination, even with the implementation of a make-before-break mechanism. Applying a constrictive force at the midcell could drive division if the force was sufficiently large to initially constrict the midcell into a compressed state before new hoops of relaxed cell wall were incorporated between existing hoops. Adding a make-before-break mechanism could drive division with a smaller constrictive force sufficient to bring the midcell peptidoglycan into a relaxed, but not necessarily compressed, state.
Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
Authors: Henneron Ludovic , Chauvat Matthieu , Archaux Frédéric , Akpa‐Vinceslas Marthe , Bureau Fabrice , Dumas Yann , Ningre François , Richter Claudine , Balandier Philippe , Aubert Michaël 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Reducing stand density by thinning intensification has been emphasized as an efficient strategy of forest adaptation to climate change as it improves stand resistance to drought. Yet, it is still unclear how it could affect litter carbon (C) cycling processes. Recent evidence indicates that the plasticity of an oak tree species can lead to a decline in its leaf litter quality and decomposability following thinning. The consequences for litter decomposition and forest floor C storage at the ecosystem scale remain largely unexplored.

In this study, we took advantage of a regional‐scale, multi‐site network of long‐term thinning experiments in temperate oak (Quercus petraea) forests to address this issue. We measured ecosystem properties related to forest floor C cycling in 19 plots across eight experimental sites covering a large gradient of stand density and age. Though we expected thinning to affect in situ litter decomposition by altering oak leaf litter quality, we conducted complementary experiments exploring additional mechanisms, that is alterations of microenvironmental conditions and soil faunal activity.

Thinning intensification induced a strong decline in tree canopy leaf area index, above‐ground tree litter production and forest floor decomposition rate in early “aggradation” stage of forest development. This slower litter decomposition was mainly driven by plasticity of oak trees that produced leaf litter of poorer quality and decomposability following thinning, for example, litter richer in secondary metabolites such as condensed tannins. Change in microenvironmental conditions also contributed to the slowdown of litter decomposition, likely as a result of the less buffered microclimate associated with larger tree canopy opening. No change in soil faunal effect induced by thinning was observed.

Thinning intensification resulted in a limited decrease in forest floor C stock. Indeed, the slower litter decomposition offset nearly half of the forest floor C loss associated to the reduced litterfall in “aggradation” stage.

Our study demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity in leaf litter traits of a dominant tree species can strongly affect ecosystem functioning by slowing forest floor decomposition following thinning intensification, in turn partly mitigating the negative effect of thinning on forest floor C storage.
Marchenko imaging by unidimensional deconvolution
Authors: Matias Mayara M. A. , da C. Pestana Reynam , van der Neut Joost 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObtaining an accurate image of the subsurface still remains a great challenge for the seismic method. Migration algorithms aim mainly on positioning seismic events in complex geological contexts. Multiple reflections are typically not accounted for in this process, which can lead to the emergence of artefacts. In Marchenko imaging, we retrieve the complete up‐ and downgoing wavefields in the subsurface to construct an image without such artefacts. The quality of this image depends on the type of imaging condition that is applied. In this paper, we propose an imaging condition that is based on stabilized unidimensional deconvolution. This condition is computationally much cheaper than multidimensional deconvolution, which has been proposed for Marchenko imaging earlier. Two specific approaches are considered. In the first approach, we use the full up‐ and downgoing wavefields for deconvolution. Although this leads to balanced and relatively accurate amplitudes, the crosstalk is not completely removed. The second approach is to incorporate the initial focussing function in the deconvolution process, in such a way that the retrieval of crosstalk is avoided. We compare images with the results of the classical cross‐correlation imaging condition, which we apply to reverse‐time migrated wavefields and to the up‐ and downgoing wavefields that are retrieved by the Marchenko method.
Adverse obstetric history is not a risk factor for poor outcome after ventral rectopexy for obstructive defaecation syndrome
Authors: Kremel D. , Riss S. , Müller C. , von Strauss M. , Winstanley C. , Winstanley J. , Potter M. , Paterson H. , Collie M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimVentral rectopexy (VR) has gained popularity in the management of obstructive defaecation syndrome (ODS) due to a symptomatic rectocele ± intussusception. Data on the efficacy and safety of VR are variable and there are few predictors of successful outcome. This study aimed to examine whether or not an adverse obstetric history influenced the functional outcome following VR for ODS.MethodThis was a retrospective study of a cohort of 76 consecutive patients who had undergone VR for ODS at a tertiary referral centre between 2012 and 2015. Patients were followed up by telephone questionnaire. The obstetric history and pre‐ and postoperative symptoms of ODS and faecal incontinence (FI) were obtained from telephone interviews.ResultsIn this cohort, symptoms of ODS were significantly improved by surgery, with 56% of patients showing a reduction of symptoms of 50% or more (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that a lower body mass index (BMI; 24.4 vs 27.3 kg/m2; P < 0.05) and shorter duration of symptoms (7 vs 10 years; P < 0.05) led to a better outcome. VR had no effect on FI. Obstetric factors such as foetal weight, instrumental delivery, episiotomy, perineal tear and total number of deliveries did not influence outcomes.ConclusionPatients with a less straightforward obstetric history can be reassured that this should not adversely influence the functional outcome after VR for ODS. Colorectal surgeons who offer this surgery should warn patients with an elevated BMI or with longstanding symptoms that the operation may be less successful than for those with a lower BMI or shorter duration of symptoms.
Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wooddell Lauren J. , Simpson Elizabeth A. , Murphy Ashley M. , Dettmer Amanda M. , Paukner Annika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio‐emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants’ first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same‐aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2–3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect ingrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio‐developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.
Engagement with peer observation of teaching by a dental school faculty in the United Kingdom
Authors: Buchanan John A. G. , Parry David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionWell‐conducted peer observation of teaching (POT) programmes are effective in enhancing teaching quality and teacher development in higher education including healthcare teaching. This study evaluated POT's use in dental education and involved predominantly clinical dental educators working in a United Kingdom (UK) dental school and hospital. It aimed to (i) audit their engagement with POT, (ii) review the design(s) of POT in use, (iii) assess participant's perceived value of POT and (iv) explore ways that the existing programme could be enhanced to maximise its utility.MethodDental educators’ teaching role and experience, current engagement and experience of POT were explored using an anonymous mixed methodology questionnaire survey which was administered during 2016. Free‐text responses were subjected to thematic analysis to identify emerging themes.ResultsOf 65 surveys distributed, 57 (88%) completed surveys were returned. The majority of respondents reported that POT was a useful process which resulted in self‐perceived enhanced teaching quality. Choice of observer emerged as fundamental to POT's success. Despite recognising its utility, only 46% of the academic teaching faculty underwent POT during a 12‐month period. Utilisation of a reciprocal, “critical friends” approach was infrequent. A number of barriers to its regular and effective use emerged.ConclusionsPOT is an effective method for dental educator development through feedback and self‐reflection. Strategies to enhance the Dental Institute's POT programme are suggested. The quality of the POT process rather than its frequency is an important factor to consider. POT may be an effective developmental intervention for part‐time teachers.