bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Materials: Checklist of Molluscs (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) of Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in Sarawak Waters
Authors: PONNUSAMI JAYASRI , AZIZ FAZIMAH 
Published: March 2019

Most of the molluscs studies in Malaysia have focused only on their diversity and the knowledge on their relationship with the water depth are lacking. The hypothesis tested in this research was water depth influence the density of marine gastropods and bivalves of Malaysia Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in Sarawak waters. The aim of the study was to determine the gastropod and bivalve species in Malaysia EEZ of Sarawak waters and the relationship of the species density with water depth. The sampling was conducted from 15th August 2015 until 9th October 2015. The gastropods and bivalves were collected from 32 stations of various depths using the Smith-McIntyre grab. The depth of the stations was from 20 m to 200 m. A total of 95 taxa (61 Gastropoda and 34 Bivalvia) were found in this study. The dominant molluscs species of Sarawak waters in Malaysia EEZ were Limopsis sp., Turitella cingulifera, Pitar citrinus, and Cavolinia globulosa. Species density was about 10 ind./m2 to 610 ind./m2 and the total density was between 250 ind./m2 (Station 22) and 1,940 ind./m2 (Station 2). The total density of gastropods and bivalves showed weak correlation and negative relationship with the depth of water. The findings of this study will aid future studies in Malaysia EEZ.
Keywords: Bivalves, gastropods, Malaysia EEZ, Sarawak waters
Viabilidad del uso de tubérculos como materia prima para la elaboración de galletas
Authors: Pantoja Rodríguez Janet Patricia , Avilés Flor Teresa Yolanda , Vera Gutiérrez Sidia 
Published: March 2019

Esta investigación trató la viabilidad de la elaboración de galletas enriquecidas con tubérculos como la remolacha y zanahoria blanca como nutrí-alimento, por su combinación de fibra, antioxidantes y vitaminas. En la época actual la mayoría de los ciudadanos tienen un ritmo acelerado de vida que los expone al descuido en su alimentación, la ingesta de comida no saludable da paso a un desbalance nutricional que afecta el buen funcionamiento del organismo humano ocasionando enfermedades y sobrepeso. En Ecuador, la industria alimentaria junto con el Ministerio de Salud brinda opciones nutritivas y listas de productos para consumir a través de la semaforización nutricional. La investigación fue de tipo bibliográfica-documental se recopiló información acerca de los tubérculos elegidos como materia prima y su procesamiento, las propiedades físico químicas y los análisis que determinan su calidad. Se aplicó un estudio de campo para explorar la percepción de los encuestados, identificando hechos reales sobre la deficiencia nutritiva que aqueja la población. El diagnóstico realizado determinó el alto impacto que la galleta tendrá en el mercado aprovechando las propiedades nutricionales, influyendo de manera favorable en la calidad alimentaria; se evidenció la idoneidad de esta materia prima por su contribución de macronutrientes, sabor, olor, y textura
Relación entre ambición política y producción legislativa: Ecuador 1979- 2010
Authors: Arévalo María Inés 
Published: March 2019

Esta ponencia discutió los factores que afectan la producción legislativa. Se constituye en uno de los primeros aportes que discute la relación entre la ambición política y la producción legislativa en Ecuador. Este tema surge de teorías clásicas de ambición política y conexión electoral, asumiendo que las personas que se interesan en conservar su curul dentro de la legislatura son aquellos que presentan proyectos de ley de mayor alcance y calidad. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo con una metodología cuantitativa trabajada a través de datos originales que recogen los proyectos de ley presentados por cada legislador, desde el año 1979 hasta el año 2010. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la ambición política sí condiciona la producción legislativa, siendo los políticos con carrera legislativa los que promueven leyes y reformas de interés nacional mientras que los de carrera regresiva priorizan leyes de impacto local.
Bretton Woods el Inicio de la Dependencia Económica y Desempleo en el Ecuador
Authors: Chico Frias Angel Enrique , Vásconez Fuentes José Luis 
Published: March 2019

En esta investigación se analizó los fundamentos legales, económicos y filosóficos por los que la Republica “soberana” del Ecuador formo parte de los acuerdos monetarios y económicos firmados en Bretton Woods en 1944, en donde se diseño un orden económico internacional basado en la creación de tres organismos para solucionar conflictos monetarios, comerciales y de desarrollo. Para el desarrollo del presente estudio se utilizó la ley de Okun con el cual se calculó las tasas de desempleo. Además se abordó el posible escenario que podría vivir el país en un caso de no haber aceptado las imposiciones de los organismos multilaterales, las cuales se reflejarían en una tasa de desempleo similar a países desarrollados acompañadas con incrementos en la producción real. Como conclusiones se presentó la idea que el balance mundial pudo haber sido diferente causando una distribución más equitativa de los recursos encontrándose que el país vive escenarios de desempleo programados.
Communications for Peacebuilding: Conflict Resolution Skills and Strategies of Lupon Tagapamayapa in Selected Communities of Sarangani Province
Authors: Jumalon Julnes U. , Pelima Russtum G. , Caday Kloyde A. 
Published: March 2019

The Lupon Tagapamayapa (LT) of the two barangays in Sarangani Province- Barangay Baliton in Glan and Barangay Upo in Maitum- were studied as to the skills and strategies they employ in resolving petty conflicts as a means of communication towards building peace in the community. Using qualitative-content analysis, multiple sources of data were used namely FGD, KII, Venn Diagram and Observation with video and note taking. It was found out that the LTs of both barangays Baliton (mostly populated by Blaan indigenous people) and Upo (with the Tboli natives)—applied similar processes and procedures in resolving conflicts prescribed by the Local Government Code such as: Greetings and Introduction, Conflict Settlement Proper and The Settlement and Resolution. On language use and communication skills, both LTs demonstrated competence both in verbal and non-verbal communications. In verbal communication, the LT used carefully chosen words, aphorism, rhetorical question and analogy; while in non-verbal communication, the LT regulated the tone and volume of the voice, used appropriate hand gestures and eye contact. Further, the LT employed strategies such as collaboration, compromise, spiritual advice, and active listening. Land conflict is the most common case resolved by the LT. This is followed by debts and assault. Misunderstanding and differences in principles and value judgment are the most common factors that cause conflicts in the community. Aside from these, jealousy, theft, selfishness, vices, and broken relationships were also identified. The study also revealed factors that could hinder or facilitate the conflict resolution, which were differing goals and levels of compromise and frustration. With the personal, interpersonal, cultural, and structural changes among the members of the LT, the study recommends further research on the competence of LT among remote communities and or other indigenous groups in Mindanao for a broader and more enhanced justice system in the barangays.
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Carbon Abundance Inhomogeneities and Deep Mixing Rates in Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Gerber Jeffrey M. , Briley Michael M. , Smith Graeme H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Among stars in Galactic globular clusters the carbon abundance tends to decrease with increasing luminosity on the upper red giant branch, particularly within the lowest metallicity clusters. While such a phenomena is not predicted by canonical models of stellar interiors and evolution, it is widely held to be the result of some extra mixing operating during red giant branch ascent which transports material exposed to the CN(O)-cycle across the radiative zone in the stellar interior and into the base of the convective envelope, whereupon it is brought rapidly to the stellar surface. Here we present measurements of [C/Fe] abundances among 67 red giants in 19 globular clusters within the Milky Way. Building on the work of Martell et al., we have concentrated on giants with absolute magnitudes of M
V ∼ −1.5 within clusters encompassing a range of metallicity (−2.4 < [Fe/H] < −0.3). The Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 4 m and Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) 4.1 m telescopes were used to obtain spectra covering the λ4300 CH and λ3883 CN bands. The CH absorption features in these spectra have been analyzed via synthetic spectra in order to obtain [C/Fe] abundances. These abundances and the luminosities of the observed stars were used to infer the rate at which C abundances change with time during upper red giant branch evolution (i.e., the mixing efficiency). By establishing rates over a range of metallicity, the dependence of deep mixing on metallicity is explored. We find that the inferred carbon depletion rate decreases as a function of metallicity, although our results are dependent on the initial [C/Fe] composition assumed for each star.
Hints for a Turnover at the Snow Line in the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate
Authors: Fernandes Rachel B. , Mulders Gijs D. , Pascucci Ilaria , Mordasini Christoph , Emsenhuber Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The orbital distribution of giant planets is crucial for understanding how terrestrial planets form and predicting yields of exoplanet surveys. Here, we derive giant planets occurrence rates as a function of orbital period by taking into account the detection efficiency of the Kepler and radial velocity (RV) surveys. The giant planet occurrence rates for Kepler and RV show the same rising trend with increasing distance from the star. We identify a break in the RV giant planet distribution between ∼2 and 3 au—close to the location of the snow line in the solar system—after which the occurrence rate decreases with distance from the star. Extrapolating a broken power-law distribution to larger semimajor axes, we find good agreement with the ∼1% planet occurrence rates from direct imaging surveys. Assuming a symmetric power law, we also estimate that the occurrence of giant planets between 0.1 and 100 au is

for planets with masses 0.1–20 M
J and decreases to

for planets more massive than Jupiter. This implies that only a fraction of the structures detected in disks around young stars can be attributed to giant planets. Various planet population synthesis models show good agreement with the observed distribution, and we show how a quantitative comparison between model and data can be used to constrain planet formation and migration mechanisms.
High-energy Emission from Interacting Supernovae: New Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Dense Circumstellar Environments
Authors: Murase Kohta , Franckowiak Anna , Maeda Keiichi , Margutti Raffaella , Beacom John F. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Supernovae (SNe) with strong interactions with circumstellar material (CSM) are promising candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays and have been suggested as an important contributor to Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) beyond 1015 eV. Taking into account the shock dissipation by a fast velocity component of SN ejecta, we present comprehensive calculations of the nonthermal emission from SNe powered by shock interactions with a dense wind or CSM. Remarkably, we consider electromagnetic cascades in the radiation zone and subsequent attenuation in the pre-shock CSM. A new time-dependent phenomenological prescription provided by this work enables us to calculate gamma-ray, hard X-ray, radio, and neutrino signals, which originate from CRs accelerated by the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. We apply our results to Type IIn SN 2010jl and Type Ib/IIn SN 2014C, for which the model parameters can be determined from the multiwavelength data. For SN 2010jl, the more promising case, by using the the latest Fermi Large Area Telescope Pass 8 data release, we derive new constraints on the CR energy fraction, ϵ

p
≲ 0.05–0.1. We also find that the late-time radio data of these interacting SNe are consistent with our model. Further multimessenger and multiwavelength observations of nearby interacting SNe should give us new insights into the DSA in dense environments, as well as pre-SN mass-loss mechanisms.
AstroSat-CZTI Detection of Variable Prompt Emission Polarization in GRB 171010A
Authors: Chand Vikas , Chattopadhyay Tanmoy , Oganesyan Gor , Rao A. R. , Vadawale Santosh V. , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Bhalerao V. B. , Misra Kuntal 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present a spectropolarimetric analysis of GRB 171010A using data from AstroSat, Fermi, and Swift to provide insights into the physical mechanisms of the prompt radiation and jet geometry. The prompt emission from GRB 171010A was very bright (fluence >10−4 erg cm−2) and had a complex structure that was composed of the superimposition of several pulses. The energy spectra deviate from the typical Band function to show a low-energy peak ∼15 keV, which we interpret as a power law with two breaks, with a synchrotron origin. Alternatively, the prompt spectra can also be interpreted as Comptonized emission, or a blackbody combined with a Band function. A time-resolved analysis confirms the presence of the low-energy component, while the peak energy is found to be confined in the range of 100–200 keV. The afterglow emission detected by Fermi-LAT is typical of an external shock model, and we constrain the initial Lorentz factor using the peak time of the emission. Swift-XRT measurements of the afterglow show an indication for a jet break, allowing us to constrain the jet opening angle to <6°. The detection of a large number of Compton-scattered events by AstroSat-CZTI provides an opportunity to study the hard X-ray polarization of the prompt emission. We find that the burst has a high time-variable polarization, and the emission has a higher polarization at energies above the peak energy. We discuss all observations in the context of GRB models and polarization arising as a result of physical or geometric effects: synchrotron emission from multiple shocks with ordered or random magnetic fields, a jet dominated by Poynting flux that undergoes abrupt magnetic dissipation, subphotospheric dissipation, a jet consisting of fragmented fireballs, and the Comptonization model.
La comédie de destruction
Authors: Michaud Philippe-Alain 
Published: March 2019

Celui qui rit du comique s’empêche d’en comprendre la véritable nature, remarquait Aby Warburg lorsqu’il évoquait, dans sa conférence sur le rituel du serpent, l’irruption des clowns au milieu des danseurs katchinas à laquelle il avait assisté lors de son séjour en territoire Hopi durant l’hiver 1896. Parce qu’il reste confiné dans le registre de la culture populaire, le burlesque cinématographique des premiers temps échappe encore aux conventions sentimentales et morales qui viendront en édulcorer la force au cours des années 1920. Brutal, violent, improvisé, il recueille les principes d’une poétique négative animée par une dynamique de destruction qui affecte à la fois les figures et les éléments de la composition. La comédie n’est pas l’autre de la tragédie : elle en révèle le sens. À la manière du satyre nietzschéen s’avançant sur la scène tragique, l’acteur comique révèle au spectateur, dans un éclat de rire, la profondeur de « l’effroyable nuit » et la nullité du principe d’individuation.
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Lannea egregia Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) stem bark
Authors: Rafiu Basirat O. , Sonibare Adeola M. , Adesanya Enitan O. 
Published: March 2019

Background: A substantial number of drugs are being developed from plants for the treatment of various diseases. Lannea egregia (LE) is a woody perennial plant used traditionally in the management of skin disorders and wounds.Aim: To investigate the biological activities of different solvent extracts of LE bark.Settings: Fresh stem bark of Lannea egregia was collected from Itabo Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria. The authentication was done in Forest Herbarium, Ibadan (FHI), Nigeria. The biological activities of the air-dried sample were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Materials and methods: Powdered LE bark sample was extracted by gradient extraction. Phytochemical screening was performed on the extracts using standard procedure. In vitro antimicrobial study was performed on 14 strains of bacteria and 5 fungal strains at a concentration range of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/mL of the extract using ciprofloxacin and itraconazole as standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of two active extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The phytochemical screening of LE revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins and alkaloids. The dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibited the highest activity against all the bacterial strains as well as four of the fungal strains. The zones of inhibition (ZI) of bacteria ranged from 9.0 ± 2.0 to 24.6 ± 2.4 mm, MIC of 0.0008 to 12.5 mg/mL and MBC of 25 to 75 mg/mL, while ZI of the fungal strains ranged from 10.3 ± 4.6 to 18.0 ± 5.3 mm, MIC 0.391 – 0.781 and MFC of 50 mg/mL in all the strains. The TPC values of DCM and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were 1582.47 ± 6.69 and 1579.89 ± 12.77 µg GAE/mg and inhibitory antioxidant activity of 2.54 ± 0.58 and 2.44 ± 0.54, respectively.Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence to support the ethnomedicinal use of Lannea egregia bark for treating skin disorders and wounds.
Development of polymorphic EST-SSR markers and characterization of the autotetraploid genome of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
Authors: Shen Shuheng , Chai Xutian , Zhou Qiang , Luo Dong , Wang Yanrong , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: March 2019

Background
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a highly nutritious, tannin-containing, and tetraploid forage legume. Due to the lack of detailed transcriptomic and genomic information on this species, genetic and breeding projects for sainfoin improvement have been significantly hindered.

Methods
In this study, a total of 24,630,711 clean reads were generated from 14 different sainfoin tissues using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and deposited in the NCBI SRA database (SRX3763386). From these clean reads, 77,764 unigene sequences were obtained and 6,752 EST-SSRs were identified using de novo assembly. A total of 2,469 primer pairs were designed, and 200 primer pairs were randomly selected to analyze the polymorphism in five sainfoin wild accessions.

Results
Further analysis of 40 sainfoin individuals from the five wild populations using 61 EST-SSR loci showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 15, and the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.55 to 0.91. Additionally, by counting the EST-SSR band number and sequencing the three or four bands in one sainfoin individual, sainfoin was confirmed to be autotetraploid. This finding provides a high level of information about this plant.

Discussion
Through this study, 61 EST-SSR markers were successfully developed and shown to be useful for genetic studies and investigations of population genetic structures and variabilities among different sainfoin accessions.
Membrane Interactivity Shared by Receptor- Acting Drugs
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori 
Published: March 2019

Background: Although lipids have been regarded as a passive component to constitute biomembranes, they can also play an important role in modulation of the activity or function of membrane-embedded proteins like receptors. Membrane lipids are presumed to be one of additional sites of action for receptor-acting drugs because their broad pharmacological spectra are not necessarily interpretable by the direct action on receptors. In order to obtain novel insights into the drug target and mechanism, we reviewed the membrane interactivity of different classes of drugs to act on representative receptors.
Methods: A search of the scientific articles published between 1979 and 2018 was carried out by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and ACS Publications. The relevant research papers published in recognized international journals and on-line journals in English were preferred, but the review articles of specific importance were also included, although non-English language citations were excluded. Collected articles were reviewed by title, abstract and text for relevance with preference to more recent publications.
Results: Results of the literature search indicate that membrane interactivity is shared by various drugs that act on α- and β-adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid type A, N-methyl-D-aspartate, opioid and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 receptors. These receptor agonists and antagonists not only interact with receptor proteins but also would structure-specifically interact with membrane lipids to affect receptors by modifying the lipid bilayer environments surrounding them with the resultant conformational change of receptor proteins.
Conclusion: The structure-specific membrane interaction is pharmacologically contributable to diverse effects of receptor-acting drugs.
The Harvest Season Changes the Organoleptic Properties of Onion during Storage
Authors: Mota Ariana Pereira , Pedroza Cruz Renata Ranielly , Ferreira Ana Paula Sato , Gomes Mateus De Paula , Silva Guimarães Maria Eduarda da , Ribeiro Wellington Souto , Da Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra , Finger Fernando Luiz 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The objective was to determine the influence of the onion harvest time "Baia Periforme" on post-harvest quality of the bulbs during storage.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three treatments, six replicates with two bulbs each.
Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, between June 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: Seedlings, 20 days old, were transplanted into 20 cm spacing between rows and 10 cm between plants. The bulbs were harvested 120 days after transplanting with manual tipping of the pseudo-stem (T1), with 50 (T2) or 75% (T3) of the bulbs popped. The soluble sugars (SS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), reducing sugars (RS), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity of phenolic compounds and alinase activity was determined every 30 days for 90 days.
Results: The content of SS, TSS, phenolic compounds and alinase activity increased in the onions of T2, resulting in more sweet and pungent bulbs due to the higher content of acidity and phenolic compounds.
Conclusion: The post-harvest quality of onion bulbs "Baia Periforme" was maintained when they were harvested with 50% of bulbs popped.