bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin and Mucosal Hemorrhage of Prolonged Duration in Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: AMIR JACOB , KESSLER ELENA , DE VRIES ANDRÉ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with primary systemic amyloidosis is described in whom skin and mucosal hemorrhages constituted the sole clinical manifestation for a period of 3 yr. The cause of the hemorrhagic disorder was widespread vascular deposition of amyloid. Characteristic features of amyloid purpura are emphasized.
Further Studies on the Abnormal Factor X (Factor X Friuli) Coagulation Disorder: A Report of Another Family
Authors: GIROLAMI A. , LAZZARIN M. , SCARPA R. , BRUNETTI A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Another patient with a congenital coagulation disorder due to the presence of an abnormal factor X (factor X Friuli) is presented. The proposita was a 43-yr-old white female who had a bleeding tendency from early childhood (epistaxes, monorrhagias, bleeding after tooth extractions and other surgical procedures, posttraumatic hemarthroses, bleeding from the gums and postpartum hemorrhages). The coagulation work-up demonstrated a prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, abnormal prothrombin consumption, and abnormal thromboplastin generation corrected by normal serum. Factors II, V, VII, IX, and XII were within normal limits. Platelets, vascular tests and fibrinolysis were normal. Mr. Stuart’s plasma failed to correct the defect of the proposita’s plasma, but a known factor VII deficient plasma was able to correct the abnormality. The factor X assay was low (6-9%) only when tissue thromboplastin, whole or partial, was used. When Factor X was assayed with a Stypven-cephalin mixture, normal or near normal values were observed. Likewise, the Stypven-cephalin clotting time, the Stypven clotting time and the factor II + factor X level using a Stypven-cephalin mixture were normal. The presence of the abnormal factor X was demonstrated immunologically. The defect, like classical factor X deficiency, is transmitted as an autosomal incompletely recessive trait. The mother and the two children of our proposita had factor X levels varying from 38 to 56% of normal and were considered to be heterozygotes.
Congenital Familial Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: LAMPKIN BEATRICE C. , PYESMANY ALLAN , HYMAN CAROL B. , HAMMOND DENMAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two sisters with a previously unreported megaloblastic anemia unassociated with a deficiency of either folic acid or vitamin B12 are described. Deficiencies of these vitamins were ruled out by standard studies. All other previously reported forms of megaloblastic anemia not secondary to a vitamin deficiency, such as orotic aciduria, were also excluded by appropriate studies. Optimal hemoglobin responses were obtained after the administration of large amounts of both vitamin B12 and folic acid. Because of this hemoglobin response, the conversion of deoxyuridine-5-monophosphate to deoxythymidine-5-monophosphate in vitro was examined in bone marrow samples from both patients using a modification of a method described by Killmann.18 This preliminary step in DNA synthesis was found to be normal. The results of this test and the optimal hemoglobin response after administration of both vitamins suggest that both folic acid and vitamin B12 may be necessary at some other preliminary step in DNA synthesis.
Lysolecithin Metabolism by Human Platelets
Authors: ELSBACH PETER , PETTIS PENELOPE , MARCUS AARON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human platelets incubated with 32P lysolecithin convert this compound to platelet lecithin and the water-soluble product glycerylphosphorylcholine. Lecithin synthesis from lysolecithin by intact platelets has a pH optimum of 9, whereas platelet homogenates show a pH optimum of 7.5 for the same reaction. Conversion of lysolecithin to platelet lecithin takes place by direct acylation of lysolecithin with free fatty acid. Addition of thrombin or ADP to the incubation medium has no effect on lysolecithin acylation or breakdown and does not affect the degradation of 14C choline-labeled platelet lecithin. Polystyrene particles stimulate lecithin synthesis and lysolecithin breakdown to glycerylphosphorylcholine by intact platelets but have no effect when added to platelet homogenates. By converting lysolecithin to lecithin, platelets add 2% to their lecithin content in 1 hr.
IgE Myeloma: Total Body Tumor Cell Number and Synthesis of IgE and DNA
Authors: SALMON SYDNEY E. , MCINTYRE O. ROSS , OGAWA MAKIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of myeloma cell DNA and immunoglobulin synthesis and total body tumor cell number were performed on a patient with IgE multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia; results were contrasted to similar observations in patients with IgG myeloma. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated significantly greater DNA labeling in the IgE patient’s bone marrow plasma cells than in cells from IgG myeloma patients who did not have leukemic manifestations; an additional patient with plasma cell leukemia also had a high labeling index of the myeloma cells in the blood. The IgE myeloma patient’s molecular synthesis rate for immunoglobulin averaged 26,000 molecules of IgE per minute per myeloma cell, a synthetic rate similar to that found in IgG myeloma. These observations have relevance to the normal immune response, as they can be used to approximate the number of normal IgE- and IgG-producing cells in the body. In the patient with IgE myeloma, the total body myeloma cell number was 2.7 x 1012 cells at the time of study and was of the same order of magnitude as in IgG myeloma; however, the distribution of tumor cells was strikingly different. Serial estimates of tumor cell number were made; such estimates may prove useful in evaluation and treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.
Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes in Severe Iron Deficiency
Authors: CARD ROBERT T. , WEINTRAUB LEWIS R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Severe iron deficiency was induced in rabbits by repeated phlebotomy and maintenance on an iron-deficient diet. Erythrocytes from these animals were studied at periods of 2-10 wk following the cessation of bloodletting and were found to have a shortened survival in vivo by the 51Cr technique. These cells were found to be more susceptible than normal cells to lysis during sterile 24-hr incubation in glucose-free balanced salt solution. The severely iron deficient erythrocyte also demonstrated an increased susceptibility to sulfhydryl inhibitors in vitro. Iron-deficient erythrocytes, despite their smaller volume, were found to have an impaired ability to filter through 5-µ Millipore filters. These studies suggest the following pathogenesis for the hemolysis seen in severe iron deficiency. The abnormal plasticity may lead to excessive trapping of these cells by the spleen and reticuloendothelial cells. Within this environment these metabolically abnormal cells are exposed to hostile conditions of stasis and glucose deprivation, which may then enhance their lysis.
Studies on Lymphocytes. XVIII. Mechanism of Lymphocytosis Induced by Supernatant Fluids of Bordetella pertussis Cultures
Authors: RAI KANTI R. , CHANANA ARJUN D. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , JOEL DARREL D. , STEVENS JERRY B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Supernatant fluid from liquid medium cultures of phase I Bordetella pertussis organisms (pertussis supernatant) when given to calves and sheep by intravenous injection produces a marked lymphocytosis. Thoracic duct and splenic vein cannulation was performed in some animals to study the mechanism of production of this lymphocytosis. There was a transient increased mobilization of lymphocytes from the lymphoid organs as seen by the increase in output of lymphocytes from thoracic duct and splenic vein within a few minutes following administration of pertussis supernatant. This was followed by a decrease in the thoracic duct cell output as long as the blood lymphocyte count remained elevated, indicating an inhibition of recirculation of lymphocytes from blood to lymph. There was no evidence of increased new cell production.
Microscopy of Living Bone Marrow In Situ
Authors: MCCUSKEY ROBERT S. , MCCLUGAGE SAMUEL G. , YOUNKER WALDO J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A chamber has been designed to permit chronic microscopic examination of living bone marrow in situ. The amount of metal adjacent to the tissue within the gap of the chamber appears to be critical if normal hemopoiesis is to occur, since excessive metal resulted in the regeneration of a hypocellular, gelatinous marrow. When the amount of metal was reduced, relatively normal marrow regenerated into the chamber. Most frequently this histologically resembled yellow marrow but on occasion highly active marrow was observed. Preliminary examination of the microvascular system confirmed previous reports that sinusoids generally were arranged in interconnecting polygonal networks surrounding individual or clusters of fat and hemopoietic cells. The sinusoids were lined by a definite endothelium. No "intersinusoidal capillaries" were observed.
Cell Cycle Characteristics, Maturation, and Phagocytosis In Vitro of Blast Cells From Patients With Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: WHANG-PENG J. , PERRY S. , KNUTSEN T. A. , GART J. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell cycle characteristics, phagocytosis and maturation of immature white blood cells from seven patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia were studied in vitro. In five patients whose cells contained only one Ph1 chromosome there were two in early stable phase, one in transitional phase, and two in blastic crisis. The other two patients had cell lines with more than one Ph1 chromosome in addition to cells containing one Ph1 chromosome. Cell cycle times in the seven patients as determined with tritiated thymidine ranged from 48 to 59 hr regardless of stage of the disease with one exception (32 hr in a patient who died within 1 wk). A small percentage of myeloblasts was arrested in early S or G2 for the duration of the study of up to 1 wk. Maturation in vitro was observed with appearance of the first labeled metamyelocytes at 2 hr and first labeled mature segmented and nonsegmented neutrophils at 10 hr (with the median time of 22 hr of in vitro culture). Results of this study suggest that cell precursors in blastic transformation have a diminished capability to mature despite the early presence of mature neutrophils in vitro. Early appearance of labeled mature neutrophils and irregularity of the time sequence are characteristic of cells from patients in blastic transformation. Immature granulocytic precursors were shown capable of phagocytosis in vitro, suggesting that although nuclear maturation was delayed, membrane and cytoplasmic function was intact. This dissociation may be characteristic of leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia.
A New Variant of Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia With Stomatocytosis and Erythrocyte Cation Abnormality
Authors: MILLER DENIS R. , RICKLES FREDERICK R. , LICHTMAN MARSHALL A. , LA CELLE PAUL L. , BATES JONATHAN , WEED ROBERT I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new variant of congenital hemolytic anemia associated with stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis, decreased osmotic fragility, type I autohemolysis and shortened erythrocyte survival without specific splenic sequestration was discovered in three siblings of Swiss-German ancestry. Increased intracellular sodium (two to three times normal) and slightly decreased intracellular potassium were detected. Total sodium efflux was eight-fold greater than normal but total potassium influx was normal and ouabain-sensitive potassium influx was decreased. The ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux: potassium influx ratio was 26:1 rather than the 3:2 ratio noted in normal cells. The consanguineous parents, four other siblings, and 44 other family members had mild stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis, and, when studied, decreased osmotic fragility, increased autohemolysis, intermediate abnormalities of cation content, cation flux, and moderate shortening of erythrocyte survival. Autosomal dominant inheritance was suggested. No abnormalities of RBC enzymes, hemoglobin or lipids were observed. No abnormalities of membrane protein were detected on acrylamide gel. Substrate depletion of these hypermetabolic cells resulted in intracellular dehydration with potassium loss in excess of sodium gain and decreased deformability. Although the exact nature of the defect responsible for hemolysis is unknown, this syndrome differs from other hereditary hemolytic anemias associated with stomatocytosis.
Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Profiles in Human Myeloma Cells
Authors: FUJIOKA SEITOKU , GALLO ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Comparative studies of aspartyl-, leucyl-, seryl- and tyrosyl-tRNA by a reverse phase column co-chromatography have been performed between a human normal lymphoblast cell line (RPMI 1788) and a human myeloma cell line (RPMI 8226). The cell lines were derived from normal peripheral blood and peripheral blood of a patient with multiple myeloma and produce IgM and lambda-type light chain (Bence Jones protein), respectively. Similar chromatographic patterns were obtained for leucyl- and seryl-tRNA. Minor differences in aspartyl-tRNA and larger differences in tyrosyl-tRNA were observed.
The Separation and 51Chromium Labeling of Human Lymphocytes With In Vivo Studies of Survival and Migration
Authors: HERSEY PETER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study looks at the application of 51Cr labeling of lymphocytes as a method of obtaining in vivo information about the lymphocyte in human beings. Lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by methods based on isopycnic and rate zonal centrifugation techniques and the conditions for 51Cr uptake by the separated lymphocytes standardized to enable a known amount of radioactivity to be injected into the subjects under study. The uptake of the label into various sites in the body was studied by the means of surface probes linked synchronously to a digital printout device and the survival in the circulation estimated by scintillation counting of blood samples taken at various times after injection of the label. The in vivo studies of survival and migration in 10 normal subjects show an initial rapid clearance of cells from the circulation associated with an uptake of cells into spleen and liver sites, and to a lesser extent, into sites over bone marrow and the abdomen. Survival of the circulating lymphocytes after this period appears to be relatively short, with a half-life of 1.7 days. As the available evidence suggests, this short life may be due to the differential trapping of short-lived lymphocytes in the circulation at the expense of the long-lived lymphocytes. Kinetic interpretations of the data indicate an inverse exponential uptake of cells into the sites studied, and the decline over the organs appears to follow the death rate of the cells in the body as a whole. Comparisons with studies in patients having chronic lymphatic leukemia show a relative inability of leukemic lymphocytes to leave the circulation and enter some sites in the body. These preliminary studies indicate the potential of 51Cr labeling as a useful clinical research tool in the study of lymphocytes in human beings.
Interrelationship of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Folic Acid, and Aspirin
Authors: ALTER HARVEY J. , ZVAIFLER NATHAN J. , RATH CHARLES E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Decreased serum folate (FA) levels were detected in 71% of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of 11 patients studied more intensively, only one fulfilled the usual hematologic criteria for FA deficiency. All, however, demonstrated an abnormally rapid plasma clearance of tritium-labeled pteroylglutamic acid (3HPGA). "Binding" of 3HPGA was evaluated by dialysis to apparent equilibrium and found to be significantly reduced in the sera of patients with RA. Common to all these patients was the ingestion of aspirin (ASA). Four RA patients not taking ASA had normal 3HPGA "binding". The 3HPGA "binding" of RA sera decreased as these patients were given increased ASA dosage and vice versa. The in vitro addition of ASA to normal sera reduced "binding" to the level detected in RA sera. Progressive increases in ASA resulted in progressive decreases in "binding". Aspirin given to three normal subjects reduced 3HPGA "binding" in all and serum FA in two. Precedents for ASA-induced structural change in binding proteins and for the relation between decreased binding and lowered serum levels are discussed. It is suggested that the low serum FA concentration and rapid plasma clearance of 3HPGA in RA might reflect ASA-induced alterations of FA binding, resulting in a redistribution rather than deficiency of this vitamin.
Colony Growth of Human Leukemic Peripheral Blood Cells In Vitro
Authors: ROBINSON WILLIAM A. , KURNICK JOHN E. , PIKE BEVERLEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The colony-forming potential of peripheral white blood cells from patients with acute leukemia on normal human peripheral WBC feeder layers has been studied. White blood cells from 12 of 20 patients with acute granulocytic leukemia gave rise to large numbers of colonies, while WBC from eight patients with AGL, four patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and three patients with acute stem cell leukemia gave rise to no colonies or only small numbers. Colonies formed from WBC of patients with AGL appear to go through a process of morphologic maturation to segmented granulocyte forms. Leukemic WBC will not serve as feeder layers in this system, but are not inhibitory in this respect. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The Adsorption of Intrinsic Factor Concentrate to Glass: Occurrence and Prevention With Reference to Radioisotope Dilution Assays of Vitamin B12
Authors: NEWMARK PETER , PATEL NANU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adsorption of IFC-B12 onto glass surfaces has been demonstrated at pH 4.0, 0.02 I, and has also been indicated under the conditions commonly occurring during the radioisotope dilution assay of vitamin B12 levels by methods that use IFC. The addition of albumin prevents adsorption of IFC onto glass and it is suggested that this explains the reported necessity for adding albumin or other proteins to "IF control tubes" in such assays.
Changes in Blood Lymphocyte Cytoplasmic Refractive Index Following Skin Grafting in Rabbits
Authors: Laaveg S. , Metcalf W. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technique for measuring the refractive index of the cytoplasm of the circulating blood lymphocytes of rabbits is described. This parameter is remarkably constant in normal animals but shows a significant rise following the application of skin homografts, but not of skin autographs, in rabbits. The rise in refractive index reaches or exceeds the extreme normal range between the third and fifth day after application of the graft, with rejection coming on the tenth day. It is suggested that this technique is worth further investigation as a possible early predictor of graft rejection.
δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase Activity in Human Plasma: Relation to Erythropoiesis and Evidence of Induction in Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: MIYAGI KEN , WATSON C. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurement of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S) activity in human plasma has been carried out with samples from normal individuals, cases of erythropoietic porphyria (EP) and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), and of the three principal forms of hepatic porphyria—acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria, and porphyria cutanea tarda. The method of measurement depends on formation of 14C-ALA when the plasma is incubated with 14C-succinic acid, succinyl-Co A synthetase, glycine, and other essential substances. The normal samples, as well as those from the hepatic porphyria cases, had small but significant activity of the same extent; those from the erythropoietic group showed consistently higher values, especially in the two cases of congenital type. A remarkably high value in one of these cases in which there was outspoken erythropoiesis was believed to be related to the presence of many fluorescing normoblasts in the peripheral blood. Following multiple transfusions these disappeared concomitantly with striking reduction of the porphyria. The plasma ALA-S activity declined to 1.4% of the pretransfusion value. These results are considered in respect to the question of induction of ALA-S in the developing red cells of the disease, special attention being given to the minor increase of ALA-S activity in the plasma of a nonporphyric individual whose peripheral blood contained large numbers of circulating normoblasts.
Variability of Proliferative Patterns in Acute Lymphoid Leukemia of Children
Authors: Wagner Hans P. , Cottier Hans , Cronkite Eugene P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proliferative patterns of neoplastic bone marrow in five children with untreated acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) were studied radioautographically using a combined analysis of labeling indices and median grain counts of blast cells in mitosis and in interphase as a function of time after a single intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine. The results are interpreted as follows: (1) In at least two cases, a considerable fraction of initially labeled large blasts immediately reentered another cell cycle on completion of mitosis, as evidenced from periodicities of mitotic labeling curves. The relative number of immediately recycling cells varied from patient to patient. In all cases a certain percentage of cells following division passed through a nonproliferative phase of variable duration characterized by a small nuclear size. (2) The time parameters of the mitotic cycle of leukemic blasts differed from patient to patient, although the generation times of immediately recycling cells were close to 50 hr (47-55 hr) in at least three cases. The duration of S phase varied between approximately 20 and 40 hr. Best estimates for the duration of G2 + ½ M ranged from 3 to 7 hr, and for mitotic time from 0.5 to 1.6 hr. (3) Leukemic bone marrow cells in all five cases of ALL had longer generation times than any nonneoplastic lymphopoietic or hemopoietic cell line of man investigated so far. (4) A continuous reentry of small leukemic blast cells into a proliferative phase and a concomitant increase in nuclear size occurred in all cases studied, thus confirming previous results obtained by other authors. Possible reutilization of label and its implications with regard to interpreting cytokinetic data in ALL are discussed.