bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and immediate management of genitourinary injuries in pelvic and acetabular trauma: a 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Bhatt Nikita R. , Merchant Rajiv , Davis Niall F. , Leonard Michael , O'Daly Brendan J. , Manecksha Rustom P. , Quinlan John F. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo report the incidence of genitourinary (GU) injuries in pelvic and acetabular (P + A) fractures, to investigate associations between P + A fractures and GU injury patterns, and, as a secondary objective, to evaluate prospectively P + A fracture referrals with regard to adherence to the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) guidelines over a 12‐month period.MethodsA retrospective review of GU injuries associated with P + A fractures was performed for the period January 2006 to December 2016 in a national pelvic trauma centre in Ireland. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury and details of injuries were recorded. In addition, P + A fracture referrals were prospectively monitored in 2016 and reviewed for adherence to guidelines.ResultsThe incidence of urological trauma in P + A fractures was 2.4% (n = 28/1 141). The median (range) patient age was 45 (19–85) years and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Urethral injuries occurred most frequently (n = 12, 43%), followed by bladder (n = 9, 32%), combined bladder and urethral (n = 3, 11%) and kidney (n = 4, 14%). Bladder and urethral injuries were associated with high‐energy pelvic trauma. Renal injuries were associated with acetabular fractures in isolation and in combination with pelvic trauma (P = 0.01). In 2016, there were 175 P + A fracture referrals and 19 patients had suspected urotrauma (visible haematuria, n = 5; non‐visible haematuria, n = 2; trauma imaging, n = 11); 9 of these 19 patients had no urological investigations performed.ConclusionIn P + A trauma cases GU injuries may be underreported because of inadequate evaluation and diagnostic investigations in these patients. We advocate robust, uniform and guideline‐based evaluation of GU injuries in P + A trauma to avoid the significant long‐term morbidities that are associated with misdiagnosis.
Human leucocyte antigens coeliac haplotypes and primary autoimmune hypophysitis in caucasian patients
Authors: Chiloiro Sabrina , Capoluongo Ettore D. , Tartaglione Tommaso , Bianchi Antonio , Giampietro Antonella , Angelini Flavia , Arena Vincenzo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , De Marinis Laura 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPurposePrimary hypophysitis is a rare disease, with an autoimmune aetiology. As few papers have investigated genetic of hypophysitis, our aim was to evaluate HLA status in a single‐centre series of patients.Patients and methodA retrospective, longitudinal and cross‐sectional study was conducted. In consecutive Caucasian patients, clinically or histologically diagnosed for primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAH), the HLA genotype having been determined. This cohort was compared with a control group. Anti‐pituitary and anti‐hypothalamus auto‐antibodies evaluation was included.Results16 patients were enrolled. Fourteen patients were female (87.5%). According to HLA‐DR status, we found the following: 9 of 16 patients (56.3%) haplotypes that were associated with coeliac disease (CD). Among these, 5 carried the DR7‐DQ2 heterozygote haplotype (55.5%) while the remaining ones only the following haplotypes: DR3‐DQ2 homozygote (25%), DR4‐DQ2 heterozygote (25%), DR4‐DQ8 heterozygote (50%) and DR4‐DQ8 homozygote (25%), respectively. A total of 12 CD‐associated haplotypes were identified. In PAH, we found a significantly higher frequency of patients carrying CD‐associated HLA haplotypes as compared to the control group (respectively, 75% vs 48% P = .03; OR: 3.25 95%IC:1.1‐10.3), particularly, for DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes. DQ2 haplotype was detected in 50% of PAH and 38.4% of the control group (P = .3), while DQ8 haplotype in 25% of PAH and 7.2% of the control group (P = .01 OR:4.3 95%IC:1.3‐14.7).ConclusionOur data suggest that PAH and CD share some HLA haplotypes, reinforcing the knowledge of their association. HLA haplotypes, particularly DQ8, may play a role in PAH management and diagnosis, also suggesting the predisposition to other autoimmune diseases.
Foetal bovine serum can reduce toxicity of indocyanine green, brilliant blue G and trypan blue in ARPE‐19 cellular model that suggests new surgical staining protocols for internal limiting membrane peeling procedure
Authors: Lin Yu‐Yi , Liu Jorn‐Hon , Chang Yin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate and compare the cytotoxicity of indocyanine green (ICG), brilliant blue G (BBG) and trypan blue (TB) using ARPE‐19 cells that have been pre‐treated/post‐treated with balanced salt solution (BSS) or foetal bovine serum (FBS).MethodsThe cultured human retina pigment epithelium ARPE‐19 cells were pre‐treated/post‐treated with BSS or FBS (represent the autologous serum in clinic) in parallel with cells being soaked with various concentrations of ICG, BBG and TB. The cells were then assessed for viability, growth rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and mitochondrial mass as cytotoxic indices. For the FBS pre‐treated cells, only ROS was examined.ResultsUsing the MTT assay, cytotoxicity seemed to appear when the dye concentration was above 2.5 mg/mL for ICG but no cytotoxicity for BBG and TB at the concentrations used. Cell growth was arrested at a concentration 1 mg/mL when ICG or BBG were present but no arrest at any of the tested concentrations was found for TB with the cell‐growth curve was slowest for ICG. Cellular ROS levels increased at all concentrations of all dyes, but the increasing slopes were decreased after FBS post‐treatment washout.ConclusionsAs a rinse buffer FBS performs much better than BSS in terms of cell rescue, which agrees with a clinical report when autologous whole blood was applied to macular hole surgery. However, FBS pre‐treatment seems to be much better than FBS use as washout buffer in post‐treatment.
Conserving and managing the subnivium
Authors: Zuckerberg Benjamin , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn regions where snowfall historically has been a defining seasonal characteristic of the landscape, warming winters have reduced the depth, duration, and extent of snowpack. However, most management and conservation has focused on how aboveground wildlife will be affected by altered snow conditions, even though the majority of species that persist through the winter do so under the snowpack in a thermally stable refugium: the subnivium. Shortened winters, forest management practices, and winter recreation can alter subnivium conditions by increasing snow compaction and compromising thermal stability at the soil–snow interface. To help slow the loss of the subnivium in the face of rapidly changing winter conditions, we suggest managers adopt regional conservation plans for identifying threatened snow‐covered environments; measure and predict the effects land cover and habitat management has on local subnivium conditions; and control the timing and distribution of activities that disturb and compact snow cover (e.g., silvicultural practices, snow recreation, and road and trail maintenance). As a case study, we developed a spatially explicit model of subnivium presence in a working landscape of the Chequamegon National Forest, Wisconsin. We identified landscapes where winter recreation and management practices could threaten potentially important areas for subnivium persistence. Similar modeling approaches could inform management decisions related to subnivium conservation. Current climate projections predict that snow seasons will change rapidly in many regions, and as result, we advocate for the immediate recognition, conservation, and management of the subnivium and its dependent species.
Stellenwert der Dermatoskopie in Deutschland – Ergebnisse aus der Pan‐Euro‐Dermoscopy‐Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Blum Andreas , Kreusch Jürgen , Stolz Wilhelm , Argenziano Giuseppe , Forsea Ana‐Maria , Marmol V. Del , Zalaudek Iris , Soyer H. Peter , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrundErhebung des aktuellen Stellenwertes der Dermatoskopie in Deutschland.MethodikIm Rahmen einer Pan‐Europäischen, internetbasierten Studie (n = 7480) der International Dermoscopy Society beantworteten 880 Dermatologinnen und Dermatologen aus Deutschland Fragen zu Ausbildungsstand, Anwendung und empfundenem Nutzen der Dermatoskopie.ErgebnisseVon den Studienteilnehmern arbeiteten 762 (86,6 %) in der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung und 98,4 % benutzten ein Dermatoskop im klinischen Alltag. Rund 93 % (n = 814) gaben mehr als fünf Jahre Erfahrung in der Anwendung der Dermatoskopie an. Die dermatoskopische Untersuchung sahen 93,6 % (n = 824) als hilfreich bei der Melanomdiagnose, 92,4 % (n = 813) bei pigmentierten Hauttumoren, 88,6 % (n = 780) bei der Verlaufskontrolle melanozytärer Läsionen, 71,4 % (n = 628) bei nicht‐pigmentierten Hauttumoren, 52,7 % (n = 464) bei der Verlaufskontrolle nicht‐melanozytärer Läsionen und 28,5 % (n = 251) bei entzündlichen Hautläsionen. Durch die Dermatoskopie empfanden 86,5 % (n = 761) der Teilnehmer die Anzahl der diagnostizierten Melanome im Vergleich zum bloßen Auge erhöht und 77,7 % (n = 684) die Anzahl unnötiger Exzisionen benigner Läsionen verringert. Studienteilnehmer mit persönlich empfundener verbesserter Melanomdiagnose durch die Dermatoskopie waren signifikant i) jünger, ii) kürzer in der Dermatologie beschäftigt, iii) seltener an einer Universitätsklinik beschäftigt, iv) häufiger in einer gesetzlichen Versorgungspraxis beschäftigt und v) häufiger während der Facharztweiterbildung in der Dermatoskopie ausgebildet worden.SchlussfolgerungenDiese Erkenntnisse sollten in der zukünftigen Aus‐ und Weiterbildung zur Verbesserung der dermatoonkologischen Versorgung sowie zur Erweiterung des dermatoskopischen Diagnosespektrums im Bereich entzündlichen Dermatosen gezielt genutzt werden.
Molekulare Diagnostik von Hautinfektionen am Paraffinmaterial – Übersicht und interdisziplinärer Konsensus
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Becker Karsten , Kutzner Heinz , Meyer Thomas , Blödorn‐Schlicht Norbert , Reischl Udo , Nenoff Pietro , Geißdörfer Walter , Gräser Yvonne , Herrmann Mathias , Kühn Joachim , Bogdan Christian 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungNukleinsäure‐Amplifikations‐Techniken (NAT), wie die PCR, sind hochsensitiv sowie selektiv und stellen in der mikrobiologischen Diagnostik wertvolle Ergänzungen zur kulturellen Anzucht und Serologie dar. Sie bergen aber gerade bei formalinfixiertem und in Paraffin eingebettetem Gewebe ein Risiko für sowohl falsch negative als auch falsch positive Resultate, welches nicht immer richtig eingeschätzt wird. Daher haben Vertreter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) und der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) einen Konsensus in Form einer Übersichtsarbeit erarbeitet, wann eine NAT am Paraffinschnitt angezeigt und sinnvoll ist und welche Punkte dabei in der Präanalytik und Befundinterpretation beachtet werden müssen.Da bei Verdacht auf eine Infektion grundsätzlich Nativgewebe genutzt werden soll, ist die PCR am Paraffinschnitt ein Sonderfall, wenn beispielsweise bei erst nachträglichaufgekommenem Verdacht auf eine Infektion kein Nativmaterial zur Verfügung steht und nicht mehr gewonnen werden kann. Mögliche Indikationen sind der histologisch erhobene Verdacht auf eine Leishmaniose, eine Infektion durch Bartonellen oder Rickettsien, oder ein Ecthyma contagiosum. Nicht sinnvoll ist oder kritisch gesehen wird eine NAT am Paraffinschnitt zum Beispiel bei Infektionen mit Mykobakterien oder RNA‐Viren.Die Konstellation für eine NAT aus Paraffingewebe sollte jeweils benannt werden, die erforderliche Prä‐Analytik, die jeweiligen Grenzen des Verfahrens und die diagnostischen Alternativen bekannt sein. Der PCR‐Befund sollte entsprechend kommentiert werden, um Fehleinschätzungen zu vermeiden.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin monotherapy in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM despite diet and exercise: VERTIS MONO extension study
Authors: Aronson Ronnie , Frias Juan , Goldman Allison , Darekar Amanda , Lauring Brett , Terra Steven G. 
Published: February 2018

AimThis phase III, multicentre, randomized study (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01958671) evaluated the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin monotherapy in adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], 7.0% to 10.5% [53‐91 mmol/mol]) despite diet and exercise.Materials and methodsThe 52‐week study comprised a 26‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled period (Phase A) during which 461 participants received placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg/d or ertugliflozin 15 mg/d. This was followed by a 26‐week active‐controlled period (Phase B) during which participants in the placebo group who had not received glycaemic rescue therapy had blinded metformin added. Results to Week 52 are reported. Because of the use of metformin in Phase B, no statistical comparisons of efficacy were made between the ertugliflozin and placebo/metformin groups at Week 52.ResultsThe mean (standard error) change from baseline to Week 52 in HbA1c was −0.9% (0.1) and −1.0% (0.1) in the ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg groups, respectively. The proportions of participants with HbA1c <7.0% at Week 52 were 25.6% and 28.5%, respectively. Ertugliflozin reduced fasting plasma glucose, body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP). The incidence of genital mycotic infections (GMIs) in females was significantly higher in both ertugliflozin groups (5 mg, 26.9%; 15 mg, 29.0%) vs the placebo/metformin group (9.9%), and in males was significantly higher in the 15 mg group (7.8%) vs the placebo/metformin group (1.2%). Ertugliflozin was not associated with increased incidence of urinary tract infections, symptomatic hypoglycaemia or hypovolaemia adverse events compared with placebo/metformin.ConclusionsErtugliflozin treatment over 52 weeks improved glycaemic control and reduced body weight and SBP, but increased GMIs.
The mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea responds with both common and specific gene expression during interspecific interactions with fungal prey
Authors: Nygren Kristiina , Dubey Mukesh , Zapparata Antonio , Iqbal Mudassir , Tzelepis Georgios D. , Durling Mikael Brandström , Jensen Dan Funck , Karlsson Magnus 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClonostachys rosea is a necrotrophic mycoparasitic fungus, used for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms resulting in successful biocontrol is important for knowledge‐based improvements of the application and use of biocontrol in agricultural production systems. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that C. rosea responded with both common and specific gene expression during interactions with the fungal prey species Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum. Genes predicted to encode proteins involved in membrane transport, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate‐active enzymes were induced during the mycoparasitic attack. Predicted major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters constituted 54% of the induced genes, and detailed phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses showed that a majority of these genes belonged to MFS gene families evolving under selection for increased paralog numbers, with predicted functions in drug resistance and transport of carbohydrates and small organic compounds. Sequence analysis of MFS transporters from family 2.A.1.3.65 identified rapidly evolving loop regions forming the entry to the transport tunnel, indicating changes in substrate specificity as a target for selection. Deletion of the MFS transporter gene mfs464 resulted in mutants with increased growth inhibitory activity against F. graminearum, providing evidence for a function in interspecific fungal interactions. In summary, we show that the mycoparasite C. rosea can distinguish between fungal prey species and modulate its transcriptomic responses accordingly. Gene expression data emphasize the importance of secondary metabolites in mycoparasitic interactions.
Magnetic resonance imaging following regional limb perfusion of gadolinium contrast medium in 26 horses
Authors: Aarsvold S. , Solano M. , Garcia‐Lopez J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundSystemic administration of gadolinium contrast medium is common in small animals to increase lesion conspicuity and determine vascularisation of lesions identified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the large volume required for systemic administration limits its use in horses.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering a low dose of contrast medium via venous regional limb perfusion.Study designProspective clinical study.MethodsDistal limbs of 26 horses (one limb per horse) were imaged with MRI before and after administration of 5 mL of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist®) diluted with 5 mL of physiological saline via a palmar/plantar digital vein with a tourniquet in place at the level of the mid aspect of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone. Commonly assessed structures of the equine distal limb were examined for normal and abnormal contrast enhancement.ResultsTwenty‐five of 26 horses had adequate contrast enhancement of their distal limb. The lack of adequate contrast enhancement in one limb was likely associated with failure of the tourniquet. No adverse reactions were identified in any horse. One hundred thirty‐two lesions were detected, of which, 69 contrast enhanced. Twelve lesions were detected exclusively following contrast enhancement.Main limitationsCase numbers and lesion variability yielded insufficient data to perform statistical analyses. Histopathology was not performed on sound horses to determine if the imaged structures were normal.ConclusionsRegional limb perfusion is a feasible method to administer gadolinium contrast material to the equine distal limb for MRI. The enhancement pattern of the equine distal limb in sound horses is described. Contrast enhanced MRI of the distal equine limb helps to further characterise lesions identified with precontrast images, including adhesions and deep digital flexor tendinopathy. Contrast enhanced MRI also aids in identification of additional lesions, such as neovascularisation.
Functionally graded ceramics for biomedical application: Concept, manufacturing, and properties
Authors: Petit Clémence , Montanaro Laura , Palmero Paola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFunctionally Graded Materials (FGMs) represent a novel approach for the realization of innovative properties and/or functions that conventional homogeneous materials cannot accomplish. In conventional materials, in fact, the composition or the structure is uniform over the volume; on the opposite, inFGMs such features gradually change from layer to layer, with the aim of realizing a gradation of properties over the volume and performing a set of specified functions. AmongFGMs, special attention is given today to Functionally Graded Ceramics (FGCs), designed and developed to withstand a variety of severe operative conditions, including high temperatures, corrosive environments, abrasion, mechanical, and thermal induced stresses. An important application field ofFGCs is for medical prosthetic devices and artificial tissues, taking inspiration from the several examples of living tissues with graded structures. After an introduction on the rationale for usingFGCs in the biomedical field, the 3 main types of graded materials developed today (eg, composition, porosity and microstructural graded ceramics) are here reviewed, highlighting the most innovative technologies used to develop them, their potentials and challenging features in comparison with the monolithic counterparts.
A stability property in social choice theory
Authors: Campbell Donald E. , Kelly Jerry S. , Qi Shaofang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA social choice function g is stable if whenever an alternative x is selected at profile u and then profile is constructed from u by only switching x with yfor one individual i who has y just below x at u, then rule g selects either x or y at and not some third alternative. Stability is strictly weaker than strategy‐proofness but strong enough to establish two kinds of impossibility theorems.
‘In God's Changelessness There Is Rest’: The Existential Doctrine of God's Immutability in Augustine and Kierkegaard
Authors: Hefner Craig A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article establishes a specific point of agreement between St Augustine and Søren Kierkegaard: for both thinkers the doctrine of God's immutability is an existential doctrine. Specifically, Augustine and Kierkegaard agree that God's immutability functions as a condition to preserve the existential integrity of the human creature across the vicissitudes of time and change. This article describes the existential role of God's immutability in Augustine and Kierkegaard, and it establishes this point of agreement between the two thinkers. Afterward, this article briefly considers some implications of this point of agreement for the interpretation of Augustine and Kierkegaard and some implications for the doctrine of God's immutability.
Zirconium carbide oxidation: Kinetics and oxygen diffusion through the intermediate layer
Authors: Gasparrini Claudia , Chater Richard J. , Horlait Denis , Vandeperre Luc , Lee William E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOxidation of hot‐pressed ZrC was investigated in air in the 1073‐1373 K range. The kinetics were linear at 1073 K, whereas at higher temperature samples initially followed linear kinetics before undergoing rapid oxidation leading to a Maltese cross shape of the oxide. The linear kinetics at 1073 K was governed by inward oxygen diffusion through an intermediate layer of constant thickness between ZrC and ZrO2 which was comprised of amorphous carbon and ZrO2 nanocrystals. Diffusion of oxygen through the intermediate layer was measured to be 9 × 10−10 cm2 s−1 using 18O as a tracer in a double oxidation experiment in 16O/18O. Oxidation at 1073 and 1173 K produced samples made of m‐ZrO2 and either t‐ or c‐ZrO2 with an adherent intermediate layer made of amorphous carbon and ZrO2, whereas oxidation at 1273 and 1373 K produced samples with a voluminous oxide made of m‐ZrO2 showing a gap between ZrC and the oxide. A substoichiometric zirconia layer was found at the gap at 1273 K and no carbon uptake was detected in this layer when compared with the top oxide layer. The loss of the intermediate layer and the slowdown of the linear rate constant (g m−2 s−1) at 1273 K compared to 1173 K was correlated with the preferential oxidation of carbon at the intermediate layer which would leave as CO and/or CO2 leaving a gap between ZrC and substoichiometric zirconia.
Role of defect structures in stabilization of ferroelectric phase in tin‐substituted lead zirconate titanate
Authors: Anil Adukkadan , Vani Killimangalath , Kumar Viswanathan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study reports the influence of B‐site acceptor dopants, manganese and copper, on the sequence of phase transformations in antiferroelectric (AFE) Pb(Zr0.60Sn0.30Ti0.10)O3. The sequence of phase transformations below the Curie point have been examined by dielectric, polarization‐electric field and strain‐electric field studies. The parent compound and B‐site Cu2+‐doped composition exhibit the same sequence, FE ← AFE ← MCC with incommensuration in the multicell cubic (MCC) state, whereas in the case of B‐site Mn3+‐doped system, incommensuration is found to be suppressed and only ferroelectric (FE) phase is observed below the Curie point. The underlying mechanism is related to the nature of defect complexes present in the system through detailed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies.