bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gluten Intake and Risk of Celiac Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of an At-Risk Birth Cohort
Authors: Mårild Karl , Dong Fran , Lund-Blix Nicolai A. , Seifert Jennifer , Barón Anna E. , Waugh Kathleen C. , Taki Iman , Størdal Ketil , Tapia German , Stene Lars C. , Johnson Randi K. , Liu Edwin , Rewers Marian J. , Norris Jill M. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the association between the amount of gluten intake in childhood and later celiac disease (CD), for which data are currently scarce.

METHODS:
The prospective Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young cohort includes 1875 at-risk children with annual estimates of gluten intake (grams/d) from age 1 year. From 1993 through January 2017, 161 children, using repeated tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) screening, were identified with CD autoimmunity (CDA) and persistent tTGA positivity; of these children, 85 fulfilled CD criteria of biopsy-verified histopathology or persistently high tTGA levels. Cox regression, modeling gluten intake between ages 1 and 2 years (i.e., in 1-year-olds), and joint modeling of cumulative gluten intake throughout childhood were used to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for confounders (aHR).

RESULTS:
Children in the highest third of gluten intake between the ages of 1 and 2 years had a 2-fold greater hazard of CDA (aHR 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–3.88; P value = 0.01) and CD (aHR 1.96; 95% CI, 0.90–4.24; P value = 0.09) than those in the lowest third. The risk of developing CDA increased by 5% per daily gram increase in gluten intake (aHR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09; P value = 0.04) in 1-year-olds. The association between gluten intake in 1-year-olds and later CDA or CD did not differ by the child's human leukocyte antigen genotype. The incidence of CD increased with increased cumulative gluten intake throughout childhood (e.g., aHR 1.15 per SD increase in cumulative gluten intake at age 6; 95% CI, 1.00–1.32; P value = 0.04).

DISCUSSION:
Gluten intake in 1-year-olds is associated with the future onset of CDA and CD in children at risk for the disease.
Persistent Alterations in Plasma Lipid Profiles Before Introduction of Gluten in the Diet Associated With Progression to Celiac Disease
Authors: Sen Partho , Carlsson Cecilia , Virtanen Suvi M. , Simell Satu , Hyöty Heikki , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Knip Mikael , Orešič Matej 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy characterized by an autoimmune reaction in the small intestine of genetically susceptible individuals. The underlying causes of autoimmune reaction and its effect on host metabolism remain largely unknown. Herein, we apply lipidomics to elucidate the early events preceding clinical CD in a cohort of Finnish children, followed up in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study.

METHODS:
Mass spectrometry–based lipidomics profiling was applied to a longitudinal/prospective series of 233 plasma samples obtained from CD progressors (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23), matched for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk, sex, and age. The children were followed from birth until diagnosis of clinical CD and subsequent introduction of a gluten-free diet.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three children progressed to CD at a mean age of 4.8 years. They showed increased amounts of triacylglycerols (TGs) of low carbon number and double bond count and a decreased level of phosphatidylcholines by age 3 months as compared to controls. These differences were exacerbated with age but were not observed at birth (cord blood). No significant differences were observed in the essential TGs.

DISCUSSION:
Our preliminary findings suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism associates with the development of clinical CD and occurs already before the first introduction of gluten to the diet. Moreover, our data suggest that the specific TGs found elevated in CD progressors may be due to a host response to compromised intake of essential lipids in the small intestine, requiring de novo lipogenesis.
The effect of MgTiO
3
Adding on Inclusion Characteristics
Authors: Chen Xu , Mingya Zhang , Jianli Li , Songlin Ran , Mengwei Shan , Qiang Yue , Hui Kong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
MgTiO3 powder was directly added into molten steel at 1873K, and its effect on inclusion characteristics was studied by a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Thermodynamic calculation indicates that MgTiO3 is unstable in molten steel and may decompose into [Ti], [O] and MgO. However, only Ti-bearing inclusions were observed in the treated sample, and Mg-bearing inclusions were absent. This can be explained by the features of wettability and stability for MgO. Compared with a Non-treated sample, both oxide and coarse MnS in treated sample were refined. For the oxide, this originates from the formation of Ti-bearing inclusion. For coarse MnS, this may be due to the fact that Ti can aggravate S segregation. Besides, this aggravation makes coarse MnS less globular. After etching, it was found that in the treated sample, Ti-bearing inclusion can induce the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrites. This appearance was totally different from that of Non-treated sample, and indicates the effectiveness of external adding method in oxide metallurgy.
Biological characteristics of cervical precancerous cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Cao Chengcheng , Zhai Peiling , Zhang Youzhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are regarded as precancerous lesions that can progress to cervical carcinoma; however, it is very difficult to effectively differentiate these precancerous cells from cancerous cells based on morphology alone. Additionally, the difference between precancerous cells and cancerous cells in regard to biological behaviour remains unclear. We previously cultured primary normal uterine cervical keratinocytes from human normal cervical tissue and cervical precancerous cells that were naturally infected with human papillomavirus from small-sized neoplastic cervical tissues. Here, we extended our study to further observe the in vitro proliferative characteristics of cervical precancerous cells at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, we found that the growth rate of precancerous cells was significantly faster than that of normal cervical cells and slower than that of Caski cells. However, the proliferative capacity of such precancerous cells was similar to that of cancerous cells of the cervix at the molecular level. These results suggest that the surrounding environment of the cells may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer, which provides an important basis for the further study of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix.
What is a valve clinic?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Parkin Denise , Keith Pearce 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The prevalence of heart valve disease is increasing as the population ages. A series of studies have shown current clinical practice is sub-optimal. Some patients are referred for surgery at advanced stages of disease with impaired ventricular function or not even considered for surgery. Valve clinics seek to improve patient outcomes by providing an expert-led, patient-centred framework of care designed to provide an accurate diagnosis with active surveillance of valve pathology and timely referral for intervention at guideline directed trigger points. A range of different valve clinic models can be adopted depending on local expertise combining the skill set of cardiologist, physiologist/scientist and nurses. Essential components to all clinics include structured clinical review, echocardiography to identify disease aetiology and severity, patient education and access to both additional diagnostic testing and a multi-disciplinary meeting for complex case review. Recommendations for training in heart valve disease are being developed. There is a growing evidence base for heart valve clinics providing better care with increased adherence to guideline recommendations, more timely referral for surgery and better patient education than conventional care.
REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA EN COLOMBIA: UN BREVE BALANCE HISTORIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Juan David 
Published: May 2019

El artículo realiza una reflexión de la enseñanza de la historia en Colombia, a partir de larecopilación de los principales manuales utilizados por el Estado para impartir los cursosde Historia en el país. Se analiza las diferentes formas de abordar la historia a lo largo de lavida republicana colombiana, para identificar aspectos de la construcción nacional, del usopolítico de esta y del avance disciplinar de la historia que se ha escrito y enseñado, sin desconocer el contexto internacional que ha influenciado a Colombia. En dicho sentido, esteestudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer una mirada panorámica al desarrollo y evolución de laenseñanza de la historia en el país, teniendo en cuenta los procesos de la vida nacional, lasinfluencias educativas y políticas, así como, el significado de enseñar esta ciencia social enun país tan complejo como Colombia.
Az európai és a magyarországi kanyaróhelyzet összefoglalása és tanulságai
Authors: Lengyel György , Ánosi Noel , Marossy Anna , Mátyus Mária , Bosnyákovits Tünde , Orosz László 
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Measles is one of the most serious preventable infectious diseases, which in our country were among the rare diseases in the last 10 to 20 years. One of the reasons for this is that the Hungarian population born after 1969 was vaccinated in almost 99 percent. The other reason is that in the period prior to vaccination era, the often-occurring measles epidemics left life-long immunity in the affected persons. Thus, natural and artificial immunizations provided extensive herd immunity. However, the ongoing measles epidemics in Europe have highlighted the fact that the symptoms and differential diagnosis related to measles have been relegated to the negligible category for the last 20 years. In addition to reviewing the consequences of the European measles pandemics in Hungary, the purpose of this paper is to revise and summarize the clinical and laboratory knowledge required to establish a definitive epidemiological control of measles. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 767–773.
Design and Validation of Inquiry-based STEM Learning Strategy as a Powerful Alternative Solution to Facilitate Gift Students Facing 21st Century Challenging
Authors: ABDURRAHMAN Abdurrahman , NURULSARİ Novinta , MAULİNA Hervin , ARİYANİ Farida 
Published: May 2019

Engagement
in STEM across the primary-secondary school transition has been widely
investigated. However, integrated-STEM implementation had not shown practical
packaging and could not reach all the skills that gift students needed in the
21st century. The main perspective of STEM education refers to the conclusion
that the learning approach was student-centered. The concept of this point of
view was like an inquiry-based approach, where the inquiry approach was
oriented to fostering student inquiry skills through active experiments. The
purpose of this study was to design and validated an inquiry-basedSTEM learning strategy design that could
systematically guide instructors or designers in creating an appropriate gifted
students learning activities oriented to 21st century
skills. Using an established method for model development research, a
theoretically constructed initial model was iteratively improved and underwent
internal validation through expert review. In a field study of an inquiry-based STEM
learning strategy ,
we examine the design and operational characteristics that were important for
the expressive role of the learning
strategy. The
pilot study indicated that the inquiry-based STEM learning strategy could improve
gift students' abilities in accordance with 21st century learning frameworks.
Niestandardowa polityka pieniężna Narodowego Banku Czech
Authors: Skibińska-Fabrowska Ilona 
Published: May 2019

<p>W obliczu globalnego kryzysu finansowego wiele banków centralnych zastosowało niestandardowe instrumenty polityki pieniężnej. Były one uruchamiane po obniżeniu krótkoterminowych stóp procentowych do poziomu bliskiego zera i po wyczerpaniu się możliwości stosowania klasycznych narzędzi. Narodowy Bank Czech w warunkach ujemnej dynamiki PKB, niskiej inflacji i zerowych stóp procentowych zdecydował o zastosowaniu kursu walutowego jako niestandardowego instrumentu polityki pieniężnej. Prowadzone działania przyniosły efekt w postaci pobudzenia wzrostu gospodarczego przy relatywnie niewielkim wpływie na poziom inflacji. Doświadczenia Czech pozwalają na określenie warunków, w jakich możliwe jest zastosowanie kursu walutowego jako instrumentu polityki pieniężnej oraz spodziewanych efektów jego wprowadzenia.</p>
Zesłańcy postyczniowi w Kurganie. Sprawa Towarzystwa Pomocy Wzajemnej
Authors: Caban Wiesław , Mulina Swietłana 
Published: May 2019

<p>Po upadku powstania styczniowego do Kurganu zesłano stu kilkudziesięciu młodych Polaków, głównie z Litwy. Władze miasta nie były w stanie zapewnić utrzymania dla tylu osób. Większość zesłanych nie otrzymywała zapomóg rządowych. W niezłym położeniu byli jedynie ci, którzy otrzymywali pieniądze od rodziny. W tej sytuacji Polacy założyli „związek przeciw głodowi i chłodowi”, który później przybrał nazwę Towarzystwa Pomocy Wzajemnej. Głównym celem było zbieranie środków pieniężnych, by można było wspomóc tych, którzy z domu nie otrzymywali żadnej pomocy materialnej. Towarzystwo Pomocy Wzajemnej miało swój regulamin, który zakazywał m.in. picia alkoholu, gry w karty, oddawania się jakimkolwiek hazardom, nawiązywania kontaktów z rozwiązłymi kobietami i co najważniejsze zawierania małżeństw z Rosjankami. Na działalność Towarzystwa Pomocy Wzajemnej z pobłażliwością patrzył horodniczy Kurganu Michaił Awenirowicz Karpiński, gdyż uznał, że zesłańcy skupieni w organizacji będą przestrzegać przyjętego regulaminu i tym samym nie będzie dochodzić do żadnych nieporozumień między Polakami a mieszkańcami Kurganu. Wydaje się, że na takie stanowisko horodniczego mógł mieć wpływ 27-letni Michał Żaba, absolwent Wydziału Medycznego Uniwersytetu Moskiewskiego. Spośród mieszkańców Kurganu zaczęto pisać najpierw donosy na M. Awenirowicza Karpińskiego, że pobłażliwie traktuje Polaków, a następnie na gubernatora tobolskiego Aleksandra Iwanowicza Despot-Zenowicza. W końcu sprawą zainteresowano generał-gubernatora zachodniej Syberii Aleksandra Piotrowicza Chruszczowa. W 1867 r. rozpoczęło się śledztwo. Spośród zesłańców najbardziej ucierpiał Michał Żaba, który został uznany nie tylko za winnego powołania do życia Towarzystwa Pomocy Wzajemnej, ale także za to, że takie organizacje próbował zakładać w Iszymiu czy Jałturowsku. Jednym słowem, M. Żaba został posądzony o przygotowywanie spisku przeciw istniejącemu porządkowi w Rosji. Historycy radzieccy w latach sześćdziesiątych XX w. sprawę śledztwa kurgańskiego potraktowali jako przykład polsko-rosyjskiej współpracy rewolucyjnej na Syberii. Naszym zdaniem powstałe Towarzystwo Pomocy Wzajemnej należałoby uznać za próbę odrodzenia „Ogółów” z czasów zsyłki z okresu międzypowstaniowego.</p>
Państwo laickie i Kościół: Uwagi na temat książki Urszuli Wasilewicz, Systemy relacji między Kościołem katolickim i Francją. Studium historyczno-prawne, Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, Lublin 2017, ss. 263.
Authors: Sołga Przemysław 
Published: May 2019

<p>Motywem do napisania niniejszego tekstu było wiele kontrowersyjnych stwierdzeń Autorki opiniowanej książki. W artykule oceniono publikację Urszuli Wasilewicz, biorąc pod uwagę takie aspekty, jak jej konstrukcja, podstawa źródłowa i zawartość merytoryczna. Zwrócono uwagę na istotne braki w pracy oraz podjętego polemikę z niektórymi stwierdzeniami Urszuli Wasilewicz. Autor zastosował metodę analizy i syntezy oraz metodę indywidualnych przypadków. W ten sposób ukazano bezzasadność niektórych konstatacji Autorki.</p>
Comparison of General Health, Coping Styles, Religious Orientations, and Personality Dimensions between Mothers with Intellectual Disability Children and Mothers with Normal Children
Authors: Barzegar Bafrooei Kazem , Afkhami Maryam , Shafie Reyhaneh , Afkhami Aghda Mohammad , Rezapour Mirsaleh Yasser 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare general health, coping styles, religious orientations, and personality dimensions of mothers with intellectually disable (ID) and normal children.
Methods: A total of 258 mothers were randomly selected. The data were collected using questionnaires of General Health, NEO Five Factors, Islamic Religiosity, and Ways of Coping. Then, the independent-sample T test was run to analyze the results.
Results: Comparison of the participants' mean scores showed that the general health of mothers with ID children was lower than mothers with normal children. Compared to mothers with normal children, mothers with ID children used emotional focus coping styles more frequently. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to application of problem focus coping style. Mothers of ID children were more disorganized than mothers with normal children. Comparison of the mean scores of personality dimensions between the two groups revealed that mothers of ID children had higher scores in neuroticism and lower scores in extraversion, openness, agreeable, and consciousness.
Conclusion: With respect to the numerous problems that mothers of children with ID experience, it seems necessary to take actions to solve their problems and to improve their health status.
An Examination of 2018 Life Study Lesson Curriculum in Terms of 21st Century Learning and Innovation Skills
Authors: BEKTAŞ Mustafa , SELLÜM Fatih Selim , POLAT Derya 
Published: May 2019

Students who will be educated by using 2018 Life Study Lesson Curriculum (LSLC) will be the generations of 21st century. In this study, 2018 LSLC was examined in terms of 21st century learning and innovation skills (communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity). In the study, document review, one of the qualitative research methods, was used and the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. During the document review, access to the documents, checking the originality, understanding the documents and analyzing the data were carried out. The curriculum is examined in three sections because the section of the curriculum in which the skill is involved contributes to the acquisition of skills at different levels. As a conclusion of the research it is stated that the communication and collaboration skills are sufficiently while the expressions of critical thinking and creative thinking skills were found to be limited in the 2018 LSLC. To contribute to the literature, 2018 LSLC can be examined in terms of more skills. Skills included in the curriculum can be graded as introducing, developing and reinforcing by determining the level of the grade so that the student's skill development process can be followed.
Dépendance socioculturelle des connaissances locales des usages de Isoberlinia spp. au Moyen-Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Adjahossou Sessi Gilles Christian , Houéhanou Dèhouégnon Thierry , Toyi Mireille , Salako Valère Kolawolé , Ahoyo Carlos Cédric , Lesse Paolo , Tente Brice , Houinato Marcel Roland Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf et Isoberlinia tomentosa (Harms) Craib & Stapf sont deux arbres originaires d’Afrique. Autrefois peu convoités, ils revêtent actuellement une utilité avérée pour les populations locales. Au Moyen-Bénin, l’intégration des savoirs traditionnels relatifs au genre Isoberlinia dans les stratégies de développement local demeure importante mais peu documentée. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer, d’une part, les connaissances endogènes relatives aux utilisations des deux essences et, d’autre part, l’effet de cinq facteurs socioculturels ainsi que leurs interactions sur la valeur d’usage des deux essences dans le Moyen-Bénin. Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été conduites auprès de 480 informateurs répartis dans huit groupes socioculturels. La fréquence relative de citation (FRC) et la valeur d’usage (VU) ont été calculées et analysées en utilisant respectivement une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) et des modèles linéaires généralisés (GLM) basés sur la distribution de Poisson. Les Mahi et Nago utilisent plus I. doka comme bois de charpente ; les Dendi et Holli utilisent plus I. tomentosa comme bois d’œuvre. Les modèles simples à un facteur montrent que, parmi les facteurs testés, le groupe socioculturel détermine les variations de l’usage des deux essences, et l’activité professionnelle influence aussi l’usage de I. tomentosa. L’évaluation de l’effet simultané des cinq facteurs sociaux et de leur interaction dans un même modèle multiple montre que les différences de la valeur d’usage de I. tomentosa entre les groupes socioculturels peuvent être amplifiées par l’activité professionnelle. Par ailleurs, pour I. doka, le modèle incluant uniquement le groupe socioculturel est celui le plus parcimonieux. Les politiques de gestion durable des deux essences devraient intégrer au premier plan les considérations socioculturelles, auxquelles s’ajoutent les appartenances professionnelles et, dans une moindre mesure, la taille du ménage pour I. tomentosa.
Enjeux et amélioration de la gestion des espèces du genre Entandrophragma, arbres africains devenus vulnérables
Authors: Kasongo Yakusu Emmanuel , Louppe Dominique , Monthe Franck S. , Hardy Olivier J. , Mbele Lokanda Félicien Bola , Hubau Wannes , Van Den Bulcke Jan , Van Acker Joris , Beeckman Hans , Bourland Nils 
Published: May 2019

Par la qualité de leur bois et leurs nombreux usages traditionnels, les espèces du genre Entandrophragma font l’objet d’une intense exploitation, susceptible de compromettre leur pérennité en l’absence de gestion durable. La présente étude dresse un état de la situation de cinq espèces commerciales principales de ce genre : Entandrophragma angolense, E. congoense (souvent assimilée par erreur à E. angolense), E. candollei, E. cylindricum et E. utile. Elle propose des pistes de recherche pour améliorer les stratégies de gestion durable au sein de ce genre. L’étude est principalement basée sur les données scientifiques (publications), économiques (statistiques de production et d’exportation) et juridiques (lois et réglementations), mais aussi sur les plans d’aménagement et les rapports d’inventaire. Les connaissances sur leur gestion sont encore fragmentaires alors qu’elles sont considérées comme vulnérables dans la liste rouge de l’UICN. La forte exploitation industrielle ou artisanale de ces espèces ne s’effectue pas toujours dans le respect d’un plan d’aménagement validé, ni de la durée minimum des rotations qui permettraient l’un et l’autre un taux de reconstitution pérennisant cette ressource. Leur gestion durable exige notamment le développement et le respect de mesures d’aménagement pour rendre leur exploitation renouvelable à long terme. Cette exploitation doit s’appuyer sur une gestion adéquate des peuplements naturels et sur le reboisement ainsi que sur des mesures de conservation. Les recherches à développer doivent intéresser leur vitesse de croissance face aux évolutions climatiques, l’évaluation de leurs stocks (production, biomasse, carbone), l’actualisation de leur distribution spatiale, l’amélioration de leur régénération naturelle, les processus de leur reproduction, leurs propriétés anatomiques et technologiques, autant de pistes pertinentes pour garantir la pérennité des espèces exploitables du genre Entandrophragma.