bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of urinary latex agglutination test (KAtex) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Fararouei Mohammad , Sarkari Bahador , Abdolahi Khabisi Samaneh , Rezaei Zahra 
Published: January 2019

Latex agglutination test (KAtex) has been used in the last two decades for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in different VL-endemic areas. Here, we present a meta-analysis of studies which evaluated the KAtex for the diagnosis of VL to find out its overall diagnostic performance. A database search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Iranmedex and Google Scholar. The search of databases found 57 papers, of which 17 articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy (MADA) and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Curve (HSROC) packages were used to do the meta-analysis and to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Fixed effect bivariate analysis was conducted, using Mantel-Haenszel estimator, to measure the performance and diagnosis odds ratio (DOR) of the test. Heterogeneity of the test results was assessed by Chi-squared test.
The sensitivity of individual studies ranged from 39.8 to 100%, and the specificity ranged from 64 to100%. The combined sensitivity and specificity estimates of KAtex were 77% (95% CI, 70-83%), and 97% (95% CI, 93-97%), respectively. Comparing the performance of the test by region suggests a significant difference where the lowest and highest sensitivities are reported from Nepal/Tunisia and Europe/Middle East respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest and highest rates of specificity were reported from Sudan and America/Middle East respectively.
The overall specificity of KAtex is satisfactory. However, KAtex suffers from low sensitivity and this shortcoming should be improved. The test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of VL and improvement of its sensitivity deserve further studies.
The presence of periopathogenic bacteria in subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques – An age related comparative analysis
Authors: Kannosh Ibrahim , Staletovic Danijela , Toljic Bosko , Radunovic Milena , Pucar Ana , Matic Petrovic Sanja , Grubisa Ivana , Lazarevic Milos , Brkic Zlata , Knezevic Vukcevic Jelena , Milasin Jelena 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: There is a known connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis and the presence of periopathogens in blood vessels. However, changes of the oral microflora related to the aging process and its possible effects on atherosclerosis, have yet to be analyzed. The aim of this study was to assess temporal changes in the frequency of periodontal bacteria in the subgingival plaque and in atherosclerotic blood vessels of patients with atherosclerosis.
Methodology:The study included 100 patients with atherosclerosis and periodontitis, divided into two groups, below and over 60 years of age. Clinical examinations were performedand subgingival plaque specimens were collected as well as biopsy specimens from the following arteries: coronary (34), carotid (29), abdominal (10), femoral (10), mammary (13) and iliac (4). Subgingival and artery specimens were subjected to PCR detection of 5 major periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf) and Treponema denticola (Td).
Results:Tf was the most and Td the least frequent bacteria in both age groups and in both types of samples. The frequencies of bacteria in subgingival versus atherosclerotic samples were: Tf (76%:53%), Pi (71%:31%), Pg (60%:38%), Aa (39%:14%) and Td (21%:6%). Only Aa and Pi showed a significant difference of prevalence between younger and older patients. The most colonized artery was a. coronaria, followed by a. carotis, a. abdominalis, a. mammaria, and a. femoralis.
Conclusions: Patient’s age and the distance of a given blood vessel from the oral cavity influenced microbiological findings in the atherotic plaque.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates in Eastern China
Authors: Jiang Chunyan , Zhang Xiaoju , Han Jianfeng , He Haijian , Zhang Chaoying , Zhang Hongbing , Jin Jingjing , Wang Liang , Ge Bingqian , Wang Yanli , Liu Yongjie 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the most common viral pathogens causing swine diarrhea.
Methodology: We performed a genetic evolution analysis of the S1 gene of endemic PEDV strains in Eastern China. The S1 genes of 37 PEDV-positive samples were amplified and sequenced, and compared to the standard CV777 strain, 120 nucleotides were found to have mutations.
Results: The nucleotide and deduced amino acid homologies between the sequences and those of the CV777 strain were 90%–91% and 88.2%–90%, respectively, and their homologies to the vaccine strain were 88.6%–89.7% and 86.2%–87.8%, respectively. Genetic evolution and variation analyses indicated that the 37 PEDV strains belonged to genogroup 2-1, while the CV777 strain, vaccine strain, and earlier Chinese strains all belonged to genogroup 1-1.
Conclusions: The newly emerged clinical PEDV strains indicate that the PEDV CV777 vaccine currently used in China may not fully protect pigs from infection with recent epidemic strains, and will require the development of new vaccine strains.
Description of respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in Colombia
Authors: Avila Viviana , Calvo Eliana , Barbosa Juliana , Velandia-Romero Myriam L , Castellanos Jaime E. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute respiratory infections in children younger than two years but also produces infection in older children and even reinfection in people of any age, a characteristic related to the existence of different infecting subtypes and genotypes. Although Colombia has established the surveillance of classical respiratory viruses, there is no information about the RSV genotypes circulating in Colombian patients.
Methodology: A subgroup of 227 previously RSV positive respiratory secretion samples were taken from a nationwide surveillance study, amplified and sequenced to define the circulation pattern of RSV subtypes and genotypes during 2000-2009 period in Colombia.
Results. RSV exhibited seasonal behavior with an A subtype more prevalent. Both RSV subtypes had low nucleotide variability. During the study period, the GA2 and GA5 genotypes from RSV subtype A and the BA genotype from RSV subtype B were found.
Conclusion. In this report, for the first time RSV genotypes circulating in Colombia were described, this information adds valuable information about virus epidemiology helping to understand the RSV epidemic and prepare our country for the introduction of new vaccines.
L’agitation chez l’enfant pendant la période de latence : une addiction précoce ?
Authors: Cohen-Salmon Julie , Marty François 
Published: January 2019

Résumé Certains enfants, âgés de 6 à 12 ans, traversent une période de latence pleine de turbulences et ont recours à des agirs. Ces expressions agies s’opposeraient au travail psychique spécifique de la période de latence. L’enfant latent est en effet censé désinvestir sa sensori-motricité au profit d’une pensée intérieure qui se passe davantage de l’activité corporelle. L’enfant latent en bonne santé prend plaisir à apprendre, c’est-à‑dire à intérioriser et à investir sa pensée. Est-ce que les manifestations comportementales bruyantes et répétées inhibent véritablement ce processus de la latence ? À partir du cas clinique d’une enfant de 10 ans rencontrée en internat thérapeutique, dans le cadre de consultations thérapeutiques individuelles et familiales, nous allons nous pencher sur cette question. Elle va nous amener à proposer une réflexion psychopathologique, situant les agirs de l’enfant au carrefour des prépsychoses et des addictions.
Thinking Creatively: From Nursing Education to Practice
Authors: Kalischuk Ruth Grant , Thorpe Karran 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Creative thinking is a critical link in the teachinglearning process, one that enhances problem solving in nursing practice. This article describes a conceptualization of creativity based on focus groups with 12 post-RN students and two nurse educators. Inherent within the major theme, striving for balance, were three subthemes-enhancing self-esteem, working within structure, and making time for reflection (i.e., process). When participants achieved balance, both personally and professionally, they experienced increased creative energy that resulted in creative expression, subsequently displayed in educational endeavors and clinical practice (i.e., product). Strategies for fostering creativity and criteria for evaluating creativity are offered, and implications for nurse educators, managers, and practitioners are examined.
Internal E-Mail: An Avenue of Educational Opportunity
Authors: Pastuszak Janice , Rodowicz Mary O'Brien 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Internal e-mail systems offer an ideal opportunity to provide cost-effective, user-friendly educational experiences for employees. This article describes the use of computer technology to reach employees working different hours and in a variety of professional and nonprofessional roles. Monthly newsletters that provided contemporary, compressed, educational activities were created by the education department staff at a Veterans Affairs medical center. The educational sessions provided individualized, self-paced learning, supportive of the adult learner. Employees selected the educational activities that suited their needs. Although participation was optional, employees consistently took part in the activities.
Meeting the Continuing Education Needs of Rural Nurses in Role Transition
Authors: Pearson Cheryl L , Care W Dean 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: The community health center (CHC) model of care delivery is gaining acceptance throughout Canada's newly created rural health regions. The resulting change in nursing functions presents a challenge to regional health authorities to ensure the attainment and maintenance of practice competencies.
Method: This qualitative study examined strategies used in selected parts of Canada to prepare and support rural diploma-prepared nurses for role transition from acute care into CHCs.
Results: In light of CHC nurses' increased degree of autonomy, skill level, and focus on community wellness, the findings indicate a need for additional educational preparation and supportive strategies for transitioning nurses.
Conclusion: Regions should educate the public and staff about the principles of primary health care, population health, and factors that determine health to help stakeholders understand their community, the current gaps in service delivery, and the role of CHC nurses. Key players at the provincial level should work together to address competency issues and continuing education needs of nurses in career transition.
Pain Management: A Practical Approach to Nursing Education
Authors: Wacker Margaret S , Pawasauskas Jayne 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This article describes a program that provides a practical approach to educating staff nurses in pain management. The content is appropriate for adult patients across all clinical specialties. Pain assessment and commonly used analgesic and adjuvant medications are provided in nine educational sessions lasting 10 to 20 minute. Each presentation topic is prepared in Microsoft Power Point in three versions: slides, notes, and handouts.
Decreasing Stress Among Nurse Managers: A Long-Term Solution
Authors: Judkins Sharon K , Ingram Melba 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: A self-paced learning module was developed and tested to determine whether knowledge relative to stress and hardiness could be increased among nurse managers.
Method: The module was administered to 31 nurse managers in rural hospitals in east Texas.
Findings: Using pretest and posttest module questionnaires and the Hardiness Scale, changes in mean scores were significant at the .001 level for both instruments. These findings indicate the self-paced learning module had a significant effect on participants' understanding of stress and coping, with a subsequent increase in hardiness levels.
Conclusion: Use of an educational module can be effective in increasing knowledge of stress and hardiness, and increasing hardiness levels. Through increased hardiness among managers and staff, organizations can expect higher levels of commitment, more involvement of staff in workplace issues, and greater receptivity to changes in the work environment.
Education for Effective Case Management Practice
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S , Mansfield Jerry A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: An internal needs assessment in a managed care organization identified the need for more effective case management and a more thorough orientation of new case managers.
Method: An educational design and development consultant facilitated the process of planning and implementing activities to address those needs. One hundred fifteen employees attended one of five interactive educational sessions that covered key concepts critical to effective case management.
Results: Feedback from learners and from the managed care organization indicated that the activity was effective in meeting its targeted goals.
Conclusion: The use of external facilitators combined with internal resources and implementation of active learning strategies was effective in promoting organizational improvement.
Creating an Outcomes-Based Tool for Learning Barrier Assessment in an Outpatient Education Program
Authors: Hernandez Teri L , Rupnow Jana M , Currie Kristi A , Procious James K , Adams Jenny 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project was to develop an outcomes-based measurement tool that could be used to screen patients for learning barriers. A comprehensive, objective tool to assess for patient learning barriers was developed and implemented in an outpatient/ Stage II Cardiac Rehabilitation program. Definitions for seven barriers to learning, along with criteria to identify their presence, were compiled from the current literature and incorporated into the design of the outcomesbased tool. Utilization of the learning barrier tool may provide an objective, outcomes-based methodology for the identification of patient learning barriers, allowing educators to individualize patient education.
Migrating to the Web: The Transformation of a Traditional RN to BS Program
Authors: Zucker Donna M , Asselin Micheline 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Evaluation of our school's selfstudy data pointed to the need to offer creative distance learning options for students in the registered nurse to bachelor of science (RN to BS) program.
Method: Selected courses in the RN to BS curriculum were offered to students in both the traditional classroom and via an online format.
Results: End-of-course evaluations and course grades showed no significant difference between the learning experiences of the traditional classroom students compared with those of the online students.
Conclusion: This successful pilot encouraged our school to migrate the curriculum of a traditional RN to BS program to an online format.
Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: To Infinity and Beyond
Authors: Pape Tess M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Medical errors are in the news almost daily/ frequently after patients have experienced ineffective and unsafe protocols. As a result, patients and family members lose trust in the healthcare system. Nursing practice is changing almost daily with advances in nursing research and improvements in technology and practice. Reading, understanding, and managing these large amounts of information have become difficult for most nurses and organizations.
Methods: This article provides an historical background for evidence-based practice and methods for assimilating research into practice.
Results: Systematic reviews and other decisionmaking models are discussed using specific questions for establishing policy guidelines.
Conclusion: Evidence-based practice encompasses implementing the best-known practices into the clinical setting using a scientific approach. As a result/ safe/ high-quality/ and cost-effective care will be more likely to occur consistently.
Meeting the Needs of the Health System: A Refresher Course for Registered Nurses
Authors: Griffiths Margaret J , Czekanski Kathleen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
To address the shortage of nurses experienced by a Healthcare system, faculty from a baccalaureate nursing program collaborated with the affiliated healthcare system members to offer a refresher course to facilitate the return of inactive nurses to the workforce. The program included didactic content, simulated laboratory experiences, and precepted clinical experiences on the employing units. This article describes the scope of the program and focuses on recommendations for future course implementation, including implementing a systematic evaluation of each participant's knowledge base at the beginning of the course and an extended course time frame to allow for greater integration of content.
Developing a Postbasic Gerontology Program for International Learners: Considerations for the Process
Authors: Bolan Christine M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: A private university in Chile was seeking opportunities to acquire expertise in developing distance education programs using new media technology, especially in health-related fields. An initiative was undertaken to develop a distance postbasic gerontology program for technical nurses in Chile by partnering with a Canadian school of nursing.
Method: The instructional design process was used as a systematic approach throughout the development of the program. Attention to cultural considerations was emphasized throughout each phase of the process.
Results: The developed program consists of 13 self-paced print modules with web-based components and is primarily asynchronous with scheduled milestones. A 6-week preceptored clinical experience follows completion of the theory portion to support learner mastery of program outcomes.
Conclusion: Developing international nursing education programs is an enriching experience that presents unique challenges and issues. These challenges can be overcome by using a creative, systematic approach to program development that reflects cultural considerations. Developing flexible working relationships that respect the cultural differences of international team members facilitates international initiatives.
&#x93;Yet the Angel Must Hang&#x94;: Billy Budd and Melville's Moral Skepticism
Authors: Packer Mark 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
&#x93;Yet the Angel Must Hang&#x94; reflects on the mood of moral skepticism that pervades Billy Budd. This article examines several predicaments left unresolved by the end of the novel, including the narrator's ruminations on inherent conflicts within human nature, and his lamentations about the loss of spiritual wisdom among learned men of his generation. The story's defining collision between law and moral principle is analyzed with references to dilemmas confronting American judges during the antebellum period.
Los movimientos de mujeres y feministas en la transición de posguerra y su aporte a los cambios socioculturales en El Salvador
Authors: Navas María Candelaria 
Published: January 2019

This essay proposes a periodization for the study of organized and non-organized women in El Salvador from around 1841 to 2008. Six periods and four historical events that brought sociocultural change from the perspective of gender for salvadoran women and society. This study begins with the suffragist struggle of Prudencia Ayala in the 1930’s until the attaintment of femenine vote in 1950. In 1957, emerges the Fraternidad de Mujeres Salvadoreñas constituted by working class women, whose tasks were to support labor union struggles. Then it deals with the transition from former female guerrilla fighters to femenists, with the emergence of women organizations that incorporated geneder perspective in El Salvador. The essay closes with the main agendas and strategies of the Movimiento de Mujeres y Feministas (MM y F) from 1992 to 2008.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 151, 2018: 63-87
Las escuelas y principales corrientes del derecho penal en la legislación salvadoreña
Authors: Feusier Oswaldo 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article is to review the principal ideologies of the salvadorian penal codes up to the penal legislation of 1974. We will study the two dominant tendencies in that period of time: 1) the classical penal code or liberal, overall present in the penal code up to 1904, and 2) the positivism model and the criminal law of author, dominant throughout most of the XX century in our country. In the next number, we will study other tendencies in the codification from 1974 up to 1998.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 151, 2018: 115-146
INFORMAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA – A WEB E A TEIA DA VIDA
Authors: Suaiden Emir José 
Published: January 2019

Intangibilidade, conectividade, velocidade e inovação passaram a ser palavras chaves na sociedade da informação. Para fomentar a pesquisa, a produção científica e tecnológica, a geração de patentes e o
desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico o Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT) se estruturou através dos seguintes produtos e serviços: Open Acess, Comut, DICI, Sistema
Eletrônico de Editoração de Revistas (SEER), sistema BDTD, Sistema Brasileiro de Respostas Técnicas, Sistema de Informação em Tecnologia Industrial Básica, Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos, Portal
Biodiesel, Portal RTS, Programa de Inclusão Social, Mapa da Inclusão Digital e Programa de Pós-Doutorado em Ciência da Informação.

Palavras-chave: inclusão social; sociedade da informação; produtos e serviços de ICT.
Evolução Legal dos Arquivos Audiovisuais e Sonoros em Portugal
Authors: Nuno Fontes Ferreira 
Published: January 2019

O artigo pretende estabelecer uma interligação entre o modelo de funcionamento dos arquivos audiovisuais e sonoros e a diferente legislação produzida nos últimos anos em Portugal.
Ao longo do texto, é analisada a principal legislação que regula o sector televisivo e radiofónico, encontrando se referências ao papel do arquivo na gestão da informação e conservação do espólio histórico. Nessa perspectiva é focado o papel Código de Direitos de Autor e Direitos Conexos como principal instrumento jurídico no acesso aos registos sonoros e audiovisuais arquivados, sendo definido principais condicionalismos dessas instituições na utilização desse diploma legal. No final do artigo é mencionado algumas sugestões para a alteração do panorama legal que optimize o funcionamento destas organizações.