bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on E-waste Generation and Disposal in a Tertiary Care Government Teaching Hospital, Lucknow
Authors: Dubey Umesh Dhar , Srivastava Pradeep , Bhardwaj Nitin Dutt , Chodankar Sairaj , Jaiswal Garima , Jain Anmol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
KGMU is a 4000 bedded super-specialty hospital with 69 specialities. The hospital generated huge amount of E-waste due to large volume of medical equipment, IT appliances and electrical fittings. Currently there is no set disposal method defined for the disposal. The objective of the study is estimation of e-waste generation and develop a method of disposal as per laid down guidelines by the government.

Aim and Objective:
Aim of the study was to estimate amount of e -waste generated and disposal methods used by Hospital to discard these waste.

Materials and Methods:
Study was conducted at tertiary hospital of Lucknow and the data was compiled from the available records of last one year in the Engineering department of the hospital. The study was retrospective and observational. Currently e-waste generated is handed over to Engineering department, which conducts annual or bi annual auction as per requirement.

Result:
E-waste generated in last financial year at KGMU was around 8 tonnes which was disposed by open auction method to the highest bidder. A SOP has been developed incorporating all the government regulations and directions. Salient features are • The SOP defined various categories of e-waste like medical equipment, IT equipment and other electrical and electronic equipment. • New Purchases- All e-equipment’s to be purchases with buy back policy. • For existing Equipment’s- 6 monthly condemnation board to be constituted and items listed to be auctioned based on H1 to the registered vendors only.

Conclusion:
E-waste is an environmental threat and hence disposal in all hospitals should be done as per various guidelines.
Estimating Morphological Nose Features for Craniofacial Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sak Nazan Guner , Babacan Serdar , Işıklar Sefa , Kafa İlker Mustafa , Gökalp Gökhan 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Craniofacial reconstruction is one of the techniques used in forensic sciences to rebuild the probable antemortem face of unknown human skulls. Considering the soft‐tissue thickness, the skull is covered with clay or similar material. After covering, facial features such as lips, ears, eyes, and nose should be added. The nose has considerable diversity. This variety makes it have substantial importance for facial recognition. Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the morphology of the nose of the Anatolian population and develop regression formulas to estimate the nose shape using the measurements of the skull.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was conducted on three‐dimensional computed tomography cranial images. The images belonging to 50 adult patients (25 males, 25 females) were taken from the Radiology Department of Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty Hospital. Eighteen parameters on bony structure and twenty-four parameters on soft tissue were measured using ImageJ software. SPSS 22.0 was performed for statistical analyses.

Results:
The regression formulas were developed to estimate the nose morphology belonging to the skull using the correlated parameters between the bony structure of the skull and soft tissue.

Conclusion:
Accurate nasal shape prediction means increasing the identification of the unknown skull. We believe that the regression formulas, developed with this idea could be helpful in craniofacial reconstruction.
Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of wide and flared endodontically treated teeth with new techniques of postplacement – An in vitro study
Authors: Priyanka Banavathu , Parvathaneni Krishna Prasad , Raju T. B. V. G. , Seshadri Abitha , Dondapati Gowtam Dev 
Published: November 2024

Aim:
This study aims to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary anterior teeth restored using new postplacement techniques.

Methodology:
Forty-five single-rooted maxillary anterior teeth (n = 15) were selected and decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The working length was determined using a 15K file. Biomechanical preparation was done up to size 70 and the teeth were obturated. After 1 week, the root-filling material, gutta-percha, was removed, and postspace was prepared using a size 3 and 4 peeso reamer. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 15). Group I: Coltene Tenax fiber Post-reinforced with composite (anatomical post). Group II: Coltene Tenax fiber postreinforced with a leno-woven polyethylene; Ribbond fibers. Group III: Coltene Tenax fiber Post-luted with a dual cure cement. After postcementation, core buildup was done. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine.

Results:
Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests. A statistically significant difference was seen in the mean maximum load (N) between the groups. Group I showed the highest mean maximum load (N), followed by Group II and Group III. A significant P value (P = 0.025) was noted.

Conclusion:
Coltene Tenax fiber postreinforced with composite (anatomical post) showed the highest fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary anteriors.
Clinical efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin, injectable platelet-rich fibrin, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative endodontics: A case series
Authors: Pandey Jayati , Nagpal Rashmeet , Sinha Dakshita Joy , Gupta Aditya 
Published: November 2024

Background:
This series investigates the efficacy of regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) using various platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) formulations in treating apical periodontitis and necrotic pulp in immature permanent teeth.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different PRF formulations in RET.

Materials and Methods:
Three cases involving patients aged 15–16 with immature teeth and necrotic pulp were treated with RET using PRF, injectable PRF, and advanced PRF. The procedure included inducing bleeding with a Hedstrom file, applying PRF variants, and sealing with mineral trioxide aggregate and composite resin. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months.

Results:
Radiographic evidence showed apical closure, root maturation, and healing of periapical tissues in all cases. However, pulp sensibility tests were negative.

Conclusion:
RET using PRF variants promotes root development and apical healing in immature teeth. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to understand these therapies’ potential and limitations.
Root caries: Prevalence, risk indicators, and clinical characteristics – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shetty Jyothi , Hegde Mithra N. , D’Souza Neevan 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of root caries (RC) in South Coastal population of India, to identify the risk indicators associated with it and to describe some clinical characteristics of RC lesions.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 1062 subjects to assess the prevalence of RC. Each subject underwent an oral examination, performed by a single-calibrated examiner. Questionnaires were used to collect the data on oral hygiene habits, diet, smoking, alcohol habits, systemic conditions, and education level. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify the risk indicators associated with RC.

Results:
The prevalence of RC was found to be 7.5%, with a mean RC Index of 17.66%. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that age (≥40 years), systemic conditions, and exposed root surfaces were statistically significantly associated with RC (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
RC is prevalent not only in the older age group but also the younger adults in this cohort. This study suggests an association between RC and the variables age (≥40 years), exposed root surfaces and systemic conditions.
Effect of glutathione on bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extracoronal bleaching
Authors: Devika Nair , Charanya Chandrasekaran , Athira K , Vandana James , Balagopal Sundaresan 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Bleaching is a conservative treatment option to deliver esthetic smile makeover for discoloured tooth. Various concentration of bleaching agents can influence the bonding of the restoration to the tooth.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of glutathione on bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra coronal bleaching at two different time intervals.

Materials and Methods:
Forty molars were randomly assigned into four groups of ten each. Group A: Bleaching followed by immediate composite build up and no antioxidant application. Group B: bleaching followed by application of 20% Glutathione and immediate composite built-up was done. Group C: Bleaching followed by composite restoration after one week. Group D: Bleaching followed by application of 20% Glutathione before composite build up after one week. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine and fracture analysis was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with 95% level of significance (p<0.05).

Results:
Group D, which was treated with glutathione and restored after one week, revealed the highest shear bond strength compared to group B which was immediately restored following treatment with glutathione.

Conclusion:
Addition of 20% Glutathione as an antioxidant increased the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel following extra-coronal bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide.
Comparative clinical evaluation of correct anatomic contour and tight contact in Class II direct composite restoration using two newer contact forming instruments
Authors: Patel Jaimini , Shah Nimisha C. , Dedania Meetkumar , Choudhary Deebah , Bharti Nidhi , Jain Aishwarya 
Published: November 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate proximal contact tightness and contours using two newer contact-forming systems in Class II composite restorations.

Materials and Methods:
After institutional ethical approval and Clinical Trials Registry-India registration, patients were chosen according to the inclusion-exclusion criteria with informed consent. A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A: LM Arte contact former (n = 30) and Group B: The design village (TDV) contact former (n = 30). Quadrant isolation was performed after the complete elimination of dental caries, preceded by the insertion of a matrix band and retainer with the proper wedging system. The LM Arte with the appropriate tip was selected for Group A, whereas the TDV contact former was selected for Group B based on the cavity size. Following the conversion of Class II cavities to Class I, nanohybrid resin composite restoration was done by cuspal layering. It was followed by finishing and polishing. E. B. Hencock criteria were used to evaluate gingival index, pocket depth, interproximal calculus, overhangs, food impaction, and contact integrity in both groups at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year.

Statistical Methods:
The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 18.0, IBM.

Results:
A statistically significant reduction in gingival index score was observed in both groups 6 months and 1 year after the procedure. However, the values revealed in terms of gingival index (P < 0.05) and (P > 0.05) for pocket depth, interproximal calculus, overhangs, food impaction, and contact integrity in both groups for 6 months (P > 0.05) and (P > 0.05) after the procedure.

Conclusion:
Both the LM Arte and TDV contact-forming systems are effective in establishing perfect proximal contacts and contours. However, the LM Arte contact-forming system edges out the TDV contact-forming system.
Comparative evaluation of removal of oil-based calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments with two calcium chelators: An in vitro cone-beam computed tomography volumetric analysis
Authors: Bajaj Hemal , Nair Rashmi , Ganorkar Onkar , Dole Sudhir , Parakh Shrikant , Singh Neha Dhananjay 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Intracanal medicament (ICM) eliminates remaining bacteria and their toxins that were not removed by chemomechanical preparation during endodontic treatment.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the removal of ozonated oil-based, silicone oil-based, and distilled water-based ICM with two calcium chelators, i.e., 0.2% chitosan and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 54 mandibular permanent premolars were included and randomly allocated into 3 groups after cleaning and shaping along with thorough irrigation. Group 1 - ozonized calcium hydroxide group; Group 2 - Metapex group; Group 3 - Ca(OH)2 with distilled water group. Using an irrigant for removal, the teeth in each group were distributed at random to two subgroups – (A) 0.2% chitosan solution; (B) 17% EDTA solution. All the samples were ultrasonically agitated and the volume remaining in each tooth after retrieval was estimated using additional cone-beam computed tomography scans. The result was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, following post hoc Tukey test.

Results:
The mean percentage of ozonized Ca(OH)2, aqueous calcium hydroxide, and Metapex removed by 0.2% chitosan had greater values in comparison to 17% EDTA. When eliminating aqueous-based calcium hydroxide, both chelators showed similar effectiveness (P > 0.05). In contrast, 0.2% chitosan outperformed 17% EDTA in retrieving oil-based Ca(OH)2 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The aqueous-based form of Ca(OH)2 was removed more easily compared to the oil-based form. A combination of 0.2% chitosan and ultrasonics proved to be more effective than 17% EDTA in eliminating oil-based calcium hydroxide.
Postoperative pain in patients following endodontic treatment by XP-endo Shaper files: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dedhia Henal Nilesh , Hegde Vibha R. , Bhayani Maitri B. , Hegde Sanitra R. 
Published: November 2024

Context:
Postoperative pain occurs in 25%–60% of patients following endodontic treatment. It can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life and requires timely management or, preferably, prevention.

Aims:
The present systematic review was conducted aiming to analyze randomized controlled trials that compared postoperative pain in patients whose canals were shaped by XPS versus other endodontic file systems.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search was performed using key terms “postoperative pain” AND “XP-endo Shaper” across multiple databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Details concerning the study design, endodontic preparation, XP-endo Shaper-related factors, and pain assessment were recorded. The risk of bias was calculated using the RevMan 5.3 software. Meta-analysis done using the random effects model which was represented using forest plots.

Results:
Six studies evaluating a total of n = 290 samples of XP-endo Shaper file and other file systems each, respectively, were included in the final review and meta-analysis. The standard mean difference ranged from 0.8 to 2.88 with a mean of 1.04 (0.80–2.88) favoring other file systems. This signifies that the postoperative pain is on average 1.04 times more by other file systems as compared to XP-endo Shapers file although the difference was statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
XP-endo Shaper has proven to be a relatively more efficient file system that effectively cleans and shapes the root canals, including those with difficult anatomy.
Influence of apical patency in endodontic treatment outcome – A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Kuzhanchinathan Manigandan , Dhakshinamurthi Balaji , Rajendran Mathan Rajan , Kalaiselvam Rajeswari 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of maintaining apical patency (AP) in endodontic treatment outcome.

Methodology:
An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LIVIVO, LILACS, and EBSCO host from inception till July 2024. The data from the included articles were extracted and the quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and ROBINS-I tool.

Results:
Five articles were included for the qualitative synthesis, and all the included articles were determined to have a low risk of bias. Maintaining the AP resulted in two-fold increase in the healing outcome with long-term follow-up.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from this systematic review that maintaining AP is likely to enhance the endodontic treatment outcome. However, more long-term clinical studies are required to further evaluate the possible influence of AP.

Registration:
The protocol of this review was registered in the PROSPERO database with registration number: CRD42022374966.
Vital pulp therapy: A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles from 1966 to 2022
Authors: Pandey Pratima , Nawal Ruchika Roongta , Talwar Sangeeta , Yadav Sudha 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) aims to preserve dental pulp after injury and has gained significant popularity due to advancements in materials and understanding of pulp biology. While bibliometric analyses are common in various fields, none have been conducted specifically for the 100 most-cited articles on VPT.

Materials and Methods:
This bibliometric study analyzed the 100 most-cited VPT papers using data from Web of Science (WoS-CC), Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles were manually reviewed to extract key bibliometric data, including titles, citation counts, citation density, authorship, country of origin, publication year, journal, study design, and VPT type.

Results:
The articles collectively received 19,782 citations, with the oldest from 1966 and the most recent from 2019, having 803 and 104 citations, respectively. Key journals included the Journal of Endodontics, International Endodontic Journal, and Dental Materials. Review articles were the predominant study design, followed by clinical, laboratory, and basic research studies. Eight of the top 20 articles focused on the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Torabinejad and Parirokh were notable contributors before 2010, while Duncan, Bjørndal, and Simon were prominent after 2010. VPT research has increased significantly post-2010, with a notable shift in focus from early studies on calcium hydroxide to more recent studies on MTA’s biocompatibility and its use as a pulp capping agent.

Conclusion:
This analysis provides a comprehensive list of the top 100 cited VPT articles, offering valuable insights for researchers, students, and clinicians. The study highlights key trends and influential contributions in the field of VPT research.
Phase transformation and metallurgical characterization of heat-treated nickel–titanium rotary instruments using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry
Authors: Hamid Tahira , Kumar Ajay , Malik Azhar , Anjum Shamim , Zahoor Nayeem 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate the phase transformation behavior and elemental analysis of thermomechanical-treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, TruNatomy (Dentsply Sirona), HyFlex CM (coltene, Whaledent), and Neoendo Flex (Orikam healthcare India), using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 18 NiTi rotary instruments, TruNatomy, Hyflex CM, Neoendo Flex, taper. 04, size 25 (except TruNatomy, size 26) were selected and were divided into three groups (n = 6). Three NiTi files from each group were investigated for the DSC test (n = 3). The two segments of each sample were cut carefully by slow-speed water-cooling carborundum disc at 3 mm from the tip and then 4 mm from the previous section. The mass of the samples was measured on the electronic balance and samples that weighed 10–15 mg were loaded into a 40 µL aluminum crucible. The samples are then subjected first to a heating cycle from 0°C to 100°C and subsequently a cooling cycle from 100°C to 0°C in the differential scanning calorimeter (Mettler-Toledo, NIT Srinagar) at a rate of 10°C min−1. XRD (Make. Rigaku Japan, smart lab 3kW, NIT Srinagar.) was performed to verify the DSC results. The remaining two samples from each group (n = 2) were subjected to XRD analysis. The sample preparation for XRD analyses was done precisely with slow speed water cooled carborundum disc and samples were sectioned into three segments. Each segment was 5 mm long and grounded to obtain a uniform smooth plane. The data obtained from DSC and XRD were subjected to origin 8.5 software and graphs were obtained that depict the transformation temperature and phase composition, respectively. Alloy distribution and trace elements of the NiTi rotary instruments were done using energy dispersive spectrometry microanalysis.

Results:
The DSC results showed that the TruNatomy, Hyflex CM, and Neo Endo instruments had an Austenite finish (Af) temperature exceeding 37°C. The XRD graphs show the different intensity peaks that correspond to the various phases of NiTi rotary instruments. The TruNatomy is predominantly Austenite, Hyflex CM exists mainly in R-phase with a variable amount of austenite and martensite, while Neoendo flex endo mostly contains austenite phase. The elemental analysis revealed that all three file systems show Nickel and Titanium within their bulk structure in an equiatomic ratio.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that TruNatomy is predominantly martensite with a variable amount of austenite phase. There are differences in thermal transition temperature between the files.
Successful Transcatheter Closure of an Iatrogenic Axillary Arteriovenous Fistula in a Young Girl: A Delayed Complication of Intervention in a Resource-limited Setup
Authors: Islam Nurul , Saha Siddhartha , Parida Ashok Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a well-known complication in the adult population following cardiac interventions. Data on the pediatric age group are lacking. Furthermore, there are no guidelines for the management of the pediatric population. We present a case of successful endovascular device closure of iatrogenic axillary AVF in a limited resource setup. A 9-year-old girl had palliative ductal stenting through the left axillary artery for complex congenital cyanotic heart disease 6 months back. She presented with an iatrogenic axillary AVF. We planned to close the defect in catheterization laboratory. After successful device deployment, there was a complete occlusion of the arterial system. To maintain arterial patency stenting was performed subsequently. Successful device closure of complicated axillary AVF in the pediatric population can be achieved even in a recourse-limited setup.