bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Look‐ahead vertical seismic profiling inversion approach for density and compressional wave velocity in Bayesian framework
Authors: Daoud Ahmed M. , Abd El Dayem Muhammad A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTo reduce drilling uncertainties, zero‐offset vertical seismic profiles can be inverted to quantify acoustic properties ahead of the bit. In this work, we propose an approach to invert vertical seismic profile corridor stacks in Bayesian framework for look‐ahead prediction. The implemented approach helps to successfully predict density and compressional wave velocity using prior knowledge from drilled interval. Hence, this information can be used to monitor reservoir depth as well as quantifying high‐pressure zones, which enables taking the correct decision during drilling. The inversion algorithm uses Gauss–Newton as an optimization tool, which requires the calculation of the sensitivity matrix of trace samples with respect to model parameters. Gauss–Newton has quadratic rate of convergence, which can speed up the inversion process. Moreover, geo‐statistical analysis has been used to efficiently utilize prior information supplied to the inversion process. The algorithm has been tested on synthetic and field cases. For the field case, a zero‐offset vertical seismic profile data taken from an offshore well were used as input to the inversion algorithm. Well logs acquired after drilling the prediction section was used to validate the inversion results. The results from the synthetic case applications were encouraging to accurately predict compressional wave velocity and density from just a constant prior model. The field case application shows the strength of our proposed approach in inverting vertical seismic profile data to obtain density and compressional wave velocity ahead of a bit with reasonable accuracy. Unlike the commonly used vertical seismic profile inversion approach for acoustic impedance using simple error to represent the prior covariance matrix, this work shows the importance of inverting for both density and compressional wave velocity using geo‐statistical knowledge of density and compressional wave velocity from the drilled section to quantify the prior covariance matrix required during Bayesian inversion.
Radiation dose and risk to the lens of the eye during CT examinations of the brain
Authors: Poon Rebekah , Badawy Mohamed K 
Published: September 2019

SummaryCataracts are the leading cause of blindness and visual disability worldwide. Of the known contributing factors to this condition, ionising radiation is considered the primary concern in a radiological context given the particular radiosensitivity of the lens of the eye. In light of the substantially increased application of computed tomography in brain imaging, an investigation of the relevent literature is warranted to assess thresholds, lens radiation doses and dose reduction techniques in respect to the cataractogenic risk of such examinations. The value and very existence of a lens dose threshold is debatable given different considerations of radiation dose, latency, opacity classifications and historical sample populations, though ICRP guidelines suggest a threshold of 0.5 Gy. Documented CT‐specific radiation doses to the eye following scans of the brain are highly variable between studies (2–130 mGy), primarily owing to discrepancies in scanning technique. These findings, when coupled with the relative ambiguity of known threshold values, present difficulties in assessing the overall risk of cataracts following serial CT examinations to the head. In the absence of definitive risk evaluations, a cautionary approach is advised. The implementation of gantry tilt along the supraorbital margin is recommended as standard practice on account of its highly effective radiation dose reduction outcomes. Organ‐based tube modulation and reductions in tube current may also be considered beneficial. Bismuth eye shielding is only advised where gantry tilting is unachievable, and in such cases, ensure careful adherence to appropriate shield placement and infection control measures.
EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: Novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma
Authors: Venter Carina , Greenhawt Matthew , Meyer Rosan W. , Agostoni Carlo , Reese Imke , du Toit George , Feeney Mary , Maslin Kate , Nwaru Bright I. , Roduit Caroline , Untersmayr Eva , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Roberts Graham C. , Smith Peter , Akdis Cezmi A. , Agache Ioana , Ben‐Adallah Miriam , Bischoff Stephan , Frei Remo , Garn Holger , Grimshaw Kate , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Muraro Antonella , Poulsen Lars K. , Renz Harald , Sokolowska Milena , Stanton Catherine , O'Mahony Liam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo fully understand the role of diet diversity on allergy outcomes and to set standards for conducting research in this field, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on Diet and Immunomodulation has systematically explored the association between diet diversity and allergy outcomes. In addition, a detailed narrative review of information on diet quality and diet patterns as they pertain to allergic outcomes is presented. Overall, we recommend that infants of any risk category for allergic disease should have a diverse diet, given no evidence of harm and some potential association of benefit in the prevention of particular allergic outcomes. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, the task force members propose relevant definitions and important factors for consideration, when measuring diet diversity in the context of allergy. Consensus was achieved on practice points through the Delphi method. It is hoped that the definitions and considerations described herein will also enable better comparison of future studies and improve mechanistic studies and pathway analysis to understand how diet diversity modulates allergic outcomes.
Variation in the practice of tracheal intubation in Europe after traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gravesteijn B. Y. , Sewalt C. A. , Ercole A. , Lecky F. , Menon D. , Steyerberg E. W. , Maas A. I. R. , Lingsma H. F. , Klimek M. ,   the CENTER‐TBI collaborators
Published: September 2019

SummaryTraumatic brain injury patients frequently undergo tracheal intubation. We aimed to assess current intubation practice in Europe and identify variation in practice. We analysed data from patients with traumatic brain injury included in the prospective cohort study collaborative European neurotrauma effectiveness research in traumatic brain injury (CENTER‐TBI) in 45 centres in 16 European countries. We included patients who were transported to hospital by emergency medical services. We used mixed‐effects multinomial regression to quantify the effects on pre‐hospital or in‐hospital tracheal intubation of the following: patient characteristics; injury characteristics; centre; and trauma system characteristics. A total of 3843 patients were included. Of these, 1322 (34%) had their tracheas intubated; 839 (22%) pre‐hospital and 483 (13%) in‐hospital. The fit of the model with only patient characteristics predicting intubation was good (Nagelkerke R2 64%). The probability of tracheal intubation increased with the following: younger age; lower pre‐hospital or emergency department GCS; higher abbreviated injury scale scores (head and neck, thorax and chest, face or abdomen abbreviated injury score); and one or more unreactive pupils. The adjusted median odds ratio for intubation between two randomly chosen centres was 3.1 (95%CI 2.1–4.3) for pre‐hospital intubation, and 2.7 (95%CI 1.9–3.5) for in‐hospital intubation. Furthermore, the presence of an anaesthetist was independently associated with more pre‐hospital intubation (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.3–6.6), in contrast to the presence of ambulance personnel who are allowed to intubate (OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.8). In conclusion, patient and injury characteristics are key drivers of tracheal intubation. Between‐centre differences were also substantial. Further studies are needed to improve the evidence base supporting recommendations for tracheal intubation.
Balancing values and obligations when obtaining informed consent: Healthcare professionals' experiences in Swedish paediatric oncology
Authors: Schröder Håkansson Anna , Pergert Pernilla , Abrahamsson Jonas , Stenmarker Margaretha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo explore Swedish healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) clinical experiences of the informed consent process (ICP) and to compare experiences between the professions.MethodsIn this nationwide study six paediatric oncologists (POs) and eight research nurses (ReNs) from all Swedish paediatric oncology centres were interviewed. The material was analysed using Grounded theory, a qualitative constant comparative method.ResultsThe participants’ main concern was how to fulfil research obligations without putting too much strain on a family in acute crisis, which led to the core category of balancing values and obligations of both healthcare and research. To handle the challenges the participants’ struggled to safeguard the families from psychological harm, tried to adjust to the families, and gradually introduced research while building trust. The conceptual model developed in the study highlights potential consequences of this balancing act with a risk of diminishing the family's autonomy through HCPs acting authoritatively (in particular POs) or with overprotection (in particular ReNs).ConclusionPaediatric oncology is a research integrated healthcare environment. The HCPs need personal, professional and institutional support regarding ICP‐related ethical issues, decisions and implications in this intertwined context. Furthermore, HCPs need to be aware of the potential long‐term risk of developing professional moral distress.
Correlation of registered drug packs with Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report and national treatment guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Jukic Ivana , Rusic Doris , Vukovic Jonatan , Zivkovic Piero Marin , Bukic Josipa , Leskur Dario , Seselja Perisin Ana , Luksic Marko , Modun Darko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the complexity for its treatment, poor correlation of registered drug packs or poor patient adherence to the treatment may contribute to antibiotic resistance and healthcare costs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether registered drug packs are in accordance with European and national guidelines for H pylori eradication with reference to the number of drug units. In this study, we considered treatment options for the management of H pylori infection recommended by the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report and by national guidelines in the United Kingdom (UK), Croatia, Italy and Slovenia for adults. Drugs proposed by the guidelines were identified in national drug databases in July of 2019. When considering correlation for 10‐day treatment regimens, drug packs registered in Croatia could not be matched with recommendations for sequential therapies. A number of proposed treatments could not be matched due to small variety of drug packs in Croatia. Drug packs registered in the UK more often matched recommended 14‐day treatment regimens and national guidelines. With reference to European guidelines, 10‐day treatments could more frequently be matched in Italy and in Slovenia. Furthermore, results of this study indicate that there is smaller variety in drug pack sizes registered in Croatia and Slovenia when compared to UK and Italy. Considering poor correlation of drug packs with treatment guidelines for H pylori, adherence to antimicrobial treatment and proper disposal of antimicrobials is warrant. Discussing adherence to antimicrobial treatment with patients should be introduced as a standard of patient care and education.
Effects of aripiprazole on circadian prolactin secretion related to pharmacogenetics in healthy volunteers
Authors: Koller Dora , Belmonte Carmen , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Zubiaur Pablo , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAripiprazole treatment in schizophrenic patients was previously associated with lower or normalized prolactin levels. Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 (CYP) (CYP2D6), dopamine receptor (DRD2, DRD3) and serotonin receptor (HTR2A, HTR2C) genes were previously associated with antipsychotic‐induced hyperprolactinaemia. Our aim was to evaluate whether aripiprazole affects prolactin secretion and its relationship with pharmacogenetics. Thirty‐one healthy volunteers receiving a 10‐mg single oral dose of aripiprazole were genotyped for 12 polymorphisms in CYP2D6, DRD2, DRD3, HTR2A and HTR2C genes by qPCR. Aripiprazole and dehydro‐aripiprazole plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC‐MS/MS. Prolactin concentrations of the 31 volunteers taking aripiprazole and 12 volunteers receiving ibuprofen were determined by ELISA. Prolactin concentrations after ibuprofen intake were considered as control, since it is known to cause no effect. Prolactin concentrations were slightly higher in the aripiprazole group compared to the ibuprofen group. All prolactin pharmacokinetic parameters were higher in females than in males. CYP2D6 poor and intermediate metabolizers had notably higher prolactin Cmax and AUC0‐12 than normal and ultrarapid metabolizers. The DRD3 rs6280 polymorphism affected prolactin levels: volunteers carrying Ser/Ser genotype had significantly lower prolactin levels than volunteers carrying the Gly allele. Furthermore, HTR2C rs3813929 C/C homozygotes had significantly lower prolactin levels than T allele carriers. Nevertheless, aripiprazole did increase prolactin levels compared to ibuprofen.
microRNA‐218‐5p plays a protective role in eosinophilic airway inflammation via targeting δ‐catenin, a novel catenin in asthma
Authors: Liang Yuxia , Feng Yuchen , Wu Wenliang , Chang Chenli , Chen Dian , Chen Shengchong , Zhen Guohua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNA (miR)‐218‐5p is involved in cigarette smoke‐induced airway inflammation. In our earlier asthma epithelial miRNA profiling data, miR‐218‐5p was the top 2 down‐regulated miRNA. We hypothesize that miR‐218‐5p plays a role in asthma airway inflammation.ObjectiveTo unveil the role of miR‐218‐5p and its target gene in asthma airway inflammation.MethodsWe measured miR‐218‐5p expression in bronchial brushings of asthma patients (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 15), and analysed the correlations between miR‐218‐5p expression and airway eosinophilia. We examined whether CTNND2 was a target of miR‐218‐5p, and the expression of 12 catenin family members in bronchial brushings, in cultured human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and BEAS‐2B cells. We explored the role of miR‐218‐5p‐CTNND2 pathway using a murine model of allergic airway inflammation.ResultsEpithelial miR‐218‐5p expression was significantly decreased and negatively correlated with eosinophils in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies, and other type 2 biomarkers in asthma patients. We verified that CTNND2 (encoding δ‐catenin) was a target of miR‐218‐5p. Remarkably, CTNND2 was the most significantly up‐regulated catenin compared with the other 11 catenin family members in bronchial brushings of asthma patients, IL‐13‐stimulated HBE and BEAS‐2B cells. Moreover, epithelial CTNND2 expression positively correlated with airway eosinophilia in asthma. Airway mmu‐miR‐218‐5p expression was also decreased, and Ctnnd2 expression was increased in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Intriguingly, mmu‐miR‐218‐5p overexpression suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic airway inflammation and Ctnnd2 up‐regulation in the mouse model. Finally, perturbation of miR‐218‐5p or CTNND2 expression significantly altered chemokine CCL26 expression in the cell cultures and the mouse model.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceEpithelial miR‐218‐5p plays a protective role in eosinophilic airway inflammation via targeting CTNND2, a novel catenin in asthma, and suppressing chemokine CCL26 expression.
Diazoxide‐induced pulmonary hypertension in hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: Recommendations from a multicentre study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chen Suet Ching , Dastamani Antonia , Pintus Donatella , Yau Daphne , Aftab Sommayya , Bath Louise , Swinburne Craig , Hunter Lindsey , Giardini Alessandro , Christov Georgi , Senniappan Senthil , Banerjee Indraneel , Shaikh Mohamad Guftar , Shah Pratik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveDiazoxide is first‐line treatment for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) but diazoxide‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur. We aim to characterize the incidence and risk factors of diazoxide‐induced PH in a large HH cohort to provide recommendations for anticipating and preventing PH in diazoxide‐treated patients with HH.Design and PatientsRetrospective cohort study involving four UK regional HH centres; review of case notes of HH patients on diazoxide.MeasurementsThe diagnosis of PH was based on clinical and echocardiography evidence. Patient and treatment‐related risk factors were analysed for association.ResultsThirteen (6 men) of 177 HH diazoxide‐treated patients developed PH, an incidence of 7%. In the PH group, HH was diagnosed at median (range) of 9 (1,180) days, with diazoxide commenced 4 (0,76) days from diagnosis and reaching a maximum dose of 7 (2.5,20) mg/kg/d. The majority (8 of 13 patients) developed PH within 2 weeks of diazoxide. Complete diazoxide withdrawal, but not dose reduction, led to PH resolution at 41 (3,959) days. In three patients, PH continued beyond 12 months. Risk factors for the development of PH included the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD) (P = .008), and total fluid volume exceeding 130 mL/kg/d in the immediate 24 hours preceding diazoxide (P = .019).ConclusionPulmonary hypertension can occur in 7% of diazoxide‐treated HH patients. Risk factors include the presence of congenital heart disease and fluid overload. Recommendations include echocardiography and fluid restriction to 130 mL/kg/d prior to diazoxide treatment and immediate discontinuation of diazoxide if PH develops.
Gestational diabetes and acromegaly: Single‐centre experience of 14 pregnancies
Authors: Vialon Magaly , Grunenwald Solange , Mouly Céline , Vezzosi Delphine , Bennet Antoine , Gourdy Pierre , Caron Philippe J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) in women with acromegaly is rarely reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of GD in acromegalic women submitted to a systematic screening for GD and then to compare women with or without GD.Patients and methodsWe studied 14 pregnancies in 11 women (34.0 ± 3.6 years) treated with somatostatin analogues after a pituitary surgery (n = 6) or as primary (n = 5) therapy, and treatment was discontinued at the time of pregnancy diagnosis for 13 pregnancies. One woman was diagnosed with acromegaly during pregnancy and was treated with octreotide LAR between 12 and 18 weeks of gestation. Before pregnancy, no women had diabetes mellitus, and GH/IGF‐1 hypersecretion was uncontrolled in 6 women.ResultsGestational diabetes was diagnosed during 7 pregnancies (50%) in 6 women (one woman had GD during her 2 pregnancies), according to fasting blood glucose (n = 5) or to an oral glucose tolerance test (n = 2). Before pregnancy, IGF‐1 was not controlled in 4 GD+ and in 2 GD− women. Women with GD were not significantly older and had increased pregestational BMI (P = .02), with a more frequent family history of type 2 diabetes, no personal history of GD but of macrosomia for one patient.ConclusionThe prevalence of GD in our women is higher than that reported in the literature, probably resulting from the systematic GD screening and to the age of women. Therefore, routine screening of GD should be considered in women with acromegaly, particularly in those with risk factors for GD and with uncontrolled IGF‐1 levels before pregnancy.
Detection of t(14;18)(q32;q21) for IgH/BCL2 in central nervous system tumor‐like lesions with chronic perivascular inflammation
Authors: Shishido‐Hara Yukiko , Yazawa Takuya , Chiba Tomohiro , Kojima Kaoruko , Ishii Jun , Kobayashi Keiichi , Lee Jeung‐Hun , Sumiishi Ayumi , Tsuchiya Kazuhiro , Uchihara Toshiki , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Takayama Nobuyuki , Nagane Motoo , Kamma Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThere exist central nervous system tumor‐like lesions, resembling glioma on magnetic resonance imaging, although pathology shows active perivascular inflammation on biopsied brain tissues. As pathological diagnostic criteria have not been established, the nature of inflammatory cells was analyzed.MethodsBiopsied brain tissues from tumor‐like inflammatory lesions were first studied histopathologically. Inflammatory cells were evaluated with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and their molecular features were also analyzed with BIOMED‐2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products.ResultsBoth B and T cells were infiltrated in the perivascular area, and BIOMED‐2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected the translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21); the fused IgH/BCL2 genes in all four patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed juxtaposed IgH and BCL2 signals in 8% of perivascular cells in case 1, and 15% in case 4. Only a small number of cells were positive for CD10, BCL6 or MUM‐1; whether the translocation‐bearing cells were of nodal germinal center origin was not concluded. The fused IgH/BCL2 gene sequences were the same in four patients, which was contrasted with nodal follicular lymphoma with diversity in t(14;18)(q32;q21) patterns. Analysis of B‐cell receptor and did not show monoclonal proliferation of either B cells, but the T‐cell population appeared to be clonally restricted in one patient.ConclusionsThe chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) for IgH/BCL2 was detected in central nervous system tumor‐like inflammatory lesions. All patients responded well to the corticosteroid therapy and had a good prognosis. As the perivascular cells bearing t(14;18)(q32;q21) are small in number, the pathological significance remains unknown.