bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unique Concept of Limited Grid Capacity and Voltage-Frequency Control of an RES Based Rural Electrification System
Authors: Yadav D. K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper presents dynamic performance analysis of a PV-biogas-biodiesel-grid based hybrid power system designed for rural electrification. The linear small signal model of the system using power balance equations is developed and small step change in solar incident power and active and reactive load demand of the system are applied. The objective of this work is to control the system voltage (magnitude and angle), frequency and to operate the grid for controlled supply. The voltage source inverter (VSI) used for photovoltaic (PV) system provides active and reactive support and controlled to maintain system voltage and frequency constant. The biogas and bio-diesel engine are equipped with electronic governor control, uses synchronous generator (SG) with automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The variation in load demand is balanced by the biogas, bio-diesel generator and by PV system keeping grid supply constant. The system is simulated in MATLAB and the performance is analyzed for variable loads and input solar power. The PI controllers are applied and their gains are optimized using ISE method. The state variables are plotted and their oscillations are stabilized within few seconds. The system voltage, frequency and grid are controlled effectively.
Charging Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle for Congestion Management in Distribution System
Authors: Deb Subhasish , Harsh Pratik , Sahoo Jajna Prasad , Goswami Arup Kumar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In modern electricity market, high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) creates a huge burden on distribution system operator (DSO). This high penetration creates a gap between demand-supply which further leads to the congestion in distribution lines. Power flow in a grid connected PEV is bidirectional i. e. it can work either in Grid to Vehicle (G2V) or Vehicle to grid (V2G) mode depending upon the grid constraints and owners demand. This paper proposes a charging coordination strategy of PEVs to alleviate congestion in distribution lines. Firstly, Active Power Flow Sensitivity Factors (PFSFs) are calculated to predict the branch flows or congestion status due to the uncoordinated charging of PEVs. Secondly, a coordination strategy of PEVs charging-discharging is made using different heuristic based algorithms in order to mitigate congestion in radial distribution system. The result of proposed work also shows the reduction in total active power loss while maintaining the electricity grid constraints. The present work is simulated and analyzed on IEEE 10 bus radial distribution system integrated with residential systems. Several case studies are analyzed to demonstrate the heftiness of the proposed work.
The language medium “divide”: Ideologies of Hindi-English use at four all-girls’ “public schools” in North India
Authors: Chidsey Meghan M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
When the first, all-girls’ Indian Public Schools opened their doors they were not the progenitors of women’s education nor the first English-medium schools in the princely states. These schools fulfilled a different need – educating the daughters of India’s aristocracy. While in the schools’ initial years, students could pursue either Hindi- or English-medium streams, they quickly became (inter)nationally renowned for their prowess in the English language. In the decades surrounding Indian independence, they served as localized symbols of “quality” education, women’s emancipation, and Indian modernity. Though many of these perceived advantages still hold true, contemporary practices pertaining to participation in entrance examinations, higher education, and peer group sociality are challenging their meanings and uses. Not only are female students (re)creating ideologies that link English, Hindi, and/or other vernaculars to certain class- and gender-based notions of being “cool”, “modern”, or “rustic”, to “belonging”, “showing off”, or “proving it”, but institutional competition from private (largely Hindi-medium) tutoring centers are further complicating the primacy of English-medium education. As such, this article interrogates the various ways stakeholders of four, historic, all-girls’ Indian Public Schools interact with, police, place value upon, and find meaning through language.
Language ideologies and identities in Kurdish heritage language classrooms in London
Authors: Yilmaz Birgul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the way that Kurdish language learners construct discourses around identity in two language schools in London. It focuses on the values that heritage language learners of Kurdish-Kurmanji attribute to the Kurmanji spoken in the Bohtan and Maraş regions of Turkey. Kurmanji is one of the varieties of Kurdish that is spoken mainly in Turkey and Syria. The article explores the way that learners perceive the language from the Bohtan region to be “good Kurmanji”, in contrast to the “bad Kurmanji” from the Maraş region. Drawing on ethnographic data collected from community-based Kurdish-Kurmanji heritage language classes for adults in South and East London, I illustrate how distinctive lexical and phonological features such as the sounds [a:] ~ [ɔ:] and [ɛ]/[æ] ~ [a:] are associated with regional (and religious) identities of the learners. I investigate how these distinct features emerge in participants’ discourses as distinctive identity markers. More specifically this article examines how language learners construct, negotiate and resist language ideologies in the classroom.
On the equations of electrodynamics in a flat or curved spacetime and a possible interaction energy
Authors: Arminjon Mayeul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper the independent equations of continuum electrodynamics and their quantity are investigated, beginning with the standard equations used in special and general relativity. Using differential identities it is checked that there are as many independent equations as there are unknowns, for the case with given sources as well as for the general case where the motion of the charged medium producing the field is unknown. This problem is then discussed in an alternative theory of gravity with a preferred reference frame, in order to constrain an additional, “interaction” energy tensor that has to be postulated in this theory, and that would be present also outside usual matter. In order that the interaction tensor be Lorentz-invariant in special relativity, it has to depend only on a scalar fieldp. Since the system of electrodynamics is closed in the absence of the interaction tensor, just one scalar equation more is needed to close it again in the presence ofp. That equation is taken to be the equation for charge conservation. Finally, the equations that allow the determination of fieldpare derived in a given weak gravitational field and in a given electromagnetic field.
Negative effect of clay fillers on the polyvinyl alcohol biodegradation: technical note
Authors: Jurca Martin , Julinová Markéta , Slavik Roman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This work focuses on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) biodegradation in the presence of mineral clays in an aqueous aerobic environment. PVA with a degree of hydrolysis of 88% and 72% was used for the experiments. The selected group of mineral clays (nanofillers for polymers) of montmorillonite (MMT) Cloisite® Na+; organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) Cloisite® 20A, Cloisite® 30B; waste kaolin; kaolin; and zeolites were prepared by synthesis of the aforementioned kaolins. The level of biodegradation was measured using a respirometer, Micro-Oxymax, and evaluated according to CO2 production. Results of this test indicate a negative effect on PVA biodegradability in the presence of MMT Cloisite® Na+ and Cloisite® 30B. It has been found that PVA biodegradability in the presence of no adapted inoculum was adversely affected by the biocidal effects of the organic modifier of Cloisite® 30B. In this case, PVA 88-8 biodegradation decreased by 71% and PVA 72-10 biodegradation dropped by 58%. Furthermore, the sorption of PVA on the Cloisite® Na+ in the range of 40%–45% was demonstrated in the following research.
Development of a Rigid Full-Contact Mold for Preparing Biobeams through Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation
Authors: Bu Changming , Wen Kejun , Liu Shihui , Ogbonnaya Ubani , Dong Qian , Li Lin , Amini Farshad 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
As a new environmentally friendly and sustainable technique for soil improvement, microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been studied widely. A suitable sample preparation mold is the first step to prepare MICP treatment. The purpose of this study is to develop a rigid full-contact mold to prepare larger biobeam specimens for MICP treatments with an immersing method. Four different molds were developed, including a plastic beam rigid mold without a cover, a full-contact flexible mold, a rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles, and a rigid full-contact mold with filter paper. Beam-shaped specimens with different dimensions were treated with the four molds in the MICP process. A four-point bending test and a split tensile strength test were conducted to evaluate the flexural behavior of MICP-treated specimens from the four sample preparation molds. The results indicated that an MICP-treated sample prepared by the rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles can form the best beam shape and the most uniform calcite precipitation inside the sample. Additionally, the biobeam made by the rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles achieved the best mechanical properties. The flexural strength of the biobeam made by the rigid full-contact mold was 1,125 kPa at a failure flexural strain of 1.5 %, and the split tensile strength was 368 kPa with a failure tensile strain of 1.8 %.
Model Test Study on Spatial Deformation Law of Surrounding Rock for Super-Large Section and Shallow Buried Tunnels
Authors: Liu Cong , Li Shucai , Zhou Zongqing , Li Liping , Wang Kang , Qin Chengshuai 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
With the Ganggou Tunnel of the Jing-hu High-Speed Connection Line Road acting as the engineering background, a three-dimensional assembled large-scale geomechanical model test system was developed. The system includes a strain field monitoring system based on static strain acquisition and a displacement field acquisition system based on raster monitoring. Model tests on the excavation process of a super-large section and a shallow-buried tunnel with a small space were conducted. Data of surface subsidence, vault, and horizontal displacement were collected during excavation. When partially excavating the tunnel using the double sidewall guiding method and the Center Diaphragm method, displacement and disturbances mainly occurred within the ranges of one diameter distance to work face. The displacement spatial variation laws of the right and left tunnels are similar during excavation, and the magnitude of displacement in the right tunnel is larger because of the secondary disturbance superposition effect. After continuous rainfall for 40–50 min, the deformation of the surrounding rock significantly increased because of the rainfall effect; the overall stability of the surrounding rock was threatened. The research methods and the results obtained in this study will guide similar engineering approaches.
Soil Plasticity Variability and Its Effect on Soil Classification
Authors: Manafi Masoud S. G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Determination of soil plasticity by Atterberg limit tests are among the most general laboratory tests in geotechnical engineering. The plastic behavior of soil is a criterion for soil classification systems in geotechnical engineering. Atterberg tests not only are applied for clayey soils but also are performed for silts, organic soils and peat, silty and clayey sands to find out whether they are SM or SC based on the unified soil classification system. The test results also provide key information related to strength, permeability, compressibility, shrink/swell potential, and other engineering properties of soils. However, current standard methods have some serious issues with accurately determining the consistency states of soils. The results obtained by current standard methods are not accurate, and consequently, fairly large boundaries of water contents for each limit state are determined. The inaccurate determination of soil plasticity will lead to different categorizations of soils as well. In this article, attempts are made to estimate the boundaries of liquid and plastic limits according to current standard methods and to study their effects on soil classification. It is demonstrated that the variability in soil plasticity determination by current standard methods may even classify a particular soil into four different categories according to the unified soil classification system.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Therapeutics of vitamin D
Authors: Ebeling P R , Adler R A , Jones G , Liberman U A , Mazziotti G , Minisola S , Munns C F , Napoli N , Pittas A G , Giustina A , Bilezikian J P , Rizzoli R 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The central role of vitamin D in bone health is well recognized. However, controversies regarding its clinical application remain. We therefore aimed to review the definition of hypovitaminosis D, the skeletal and extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D and the available therapeutic modalities.

Design
Narrative and systematic literature review.

Methods
An international working group that reviewed the current evidence linking bone and extra-skeletal health and vitamin D therapy to identify knowledge gaps for future research.

Results
Findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in vitamin D deficiency are discordant, with findings of RCTs being largely negative. This may be due to reverse causality with the illness itself contributing to low vitamin D levels. The results of many RCTs have also been inconsistent. However, overall evidence from RCTs shows vitamin D reduces fractures (when administered with calcium) in the institutionalized elderly. Although controversial, vitamin D reduces acute respiratory tract infections (if not given as bolus monthly or annual doses) and may reduce falls in those with the lowest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. However, despite large ongoing RCTs with 21 000–26 000 participants not recruiting based on baseline 25OHD levels, they will contain a large subset of participants with vitamin D deficiency and are adequately powered to meet their primary end-points.

Conclusions
The effects of long-term vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the optimal dose and serum 25OHD level that balances extra-skeletal benefits (T2DM) vs risks (e.g. CVD), may soon be determined by data from large RCTs.
Emergency Department Revisits After an Initial Parenteral Antibiotic Dose for UTI
Authors: Chaudhari Pradip P. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Although oral antibiotics are recommended for the management of most urinary tract infections (UTIs), the administration of parenteral antibiotics before emergency department (ED) discharge is common. We investigated the relationship between the administration of a single dose of parenteral antibiotics before ED discharge and revisits requiring admission among children with UTIs.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of administrative data from 36 pediatric hospitals was performed. Patients aged 29 days to 2 years who were evaluated in the ED with a UTI between 2010 and 2016 were studied. Primary outcome was adjusted 3-day ED revisit rates resulting in admission. All revisits, regardless of disposition, served as a secondary outcome. Average treatment effects were estimated by using inverse probability weighted regression, with adjustment for demographic factors, diagnostic testing, ED medications, and hospital-level factors.

RESULTS:
We studied 29 919 children with a median age of 8.6 (interquartile range: 5.1–13.8) months. Of those studied, 36% of the children received parenteral antibiotics before discharge. Patients who received parenteral antibiotics had similar adjusted rates of revisits leading to admission as those who did not receive parenteral antibiotics (1.3% vs 1.0%, respectively; risk difference: 0.3% [95% confidence interval: −0.01% to 0.6%]), although overall revisit rates were higher among patients who received parenteral antibiotics (4.8% vs 3.3%; risk difference 1.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.9% to 2.1%]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among discharged patients, a parenteral dose of antibiotics did not reduce revisits leading to admission, supporting the goal of discharging patients with oral antibiotics alone for most children with UTIs.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Adolescent Vaccination
Authors: Naleway Allison L. , Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Irving Stephanie A. , Henninger Michelle L. , Crane Bradley , Smith Ning , Daley Matthew F. , Gee Julianne 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Published case series have suggested a potential association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). We describe POI incidence and estimate POI risk after HPV; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap); inactivated influenza (II); and meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) vaccination.

METHODS:
We searched Kaiser Permanente Northwest electronic health records for outpatient diagnoses suggestive of POI in female patients aged 11 to 34 years between 2006 and 2014. We reviewed and adjudicated the medical record to confirm diagnoses and estimate symptom onset dates. We excluded cases with known causes and calculated the incidence of idiopathic POI. We estimated risk by calculating hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
From a cohort of 199 078 female patients, we identified 120 with diagnoses suggestive of POI. After adjudication and exclusion of 26 POI cases with known causes, we confirmed 46 idiopathic POI cases. POI incidence was low in 11- to 14-year-olds (0.87 per 1 000 000 person-months) and increased with age. One confirmed case patient received the HPV vaccine 23 months before the first clinical evaluation for delayed menarche. The adjusted hazard ratio was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.07–1.36) after HPV, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.37–2.10) after Tdap, 1.42 (95% CI: 0.59–3.41) after II, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.27–3.23) after MenACWY vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not find a statistically significant elevated risk of POI after HPV, Tdap, II, or MenACWY vaccination in this population-based retrospective cohort study. These findings should lessen concern about POI risk after adolescent vaccination.
Monitoring of an urban water body under the influence of a wastewater treatment plant: assessment of environmental impacts
Authors: Schneider Vania Elisabete , Dos Santos Maicon Basso , Bortolin Taison Anderson , Marques Roger Vasques 
Published: August 2018

Urban streams are increasingly suffering from anthropogenic activities, mainly due to domestic sewage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of treated domestic effluent on a receiving water body. Four sampling points were defined. The first was inside the stream, located upstream on the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the second at the WWTP inlet, the third at the plant outlet and the last was located inside the stream, downstream of the WWTP discharge. The study was carried on for a three-year period (2013-2015). Chemical, physical and biological parameters were analyzed. Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean distance dendrogram then assessed the results. At the sampling points related to the stream (spots 1 and 4), a significant distance between conductivity and the other parameters was observed, suggesting a low relation between them. A group of minor related variables (Trophic State Index - TSI - and Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD) was formed. At the sampling points within the WWTP (points 2 and 3), the formation of 3 clusters was observed, and two of them involved TSI, thus indicating that this parameter changes according to the season of the year and the monitoring point. Therefore, the WWTP influences in a significant and proportional way the TSI of the water body in different seasons of the year, suggesting that this is the main parameter to be controlled. The highest TSI were observed during spring and summer. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v6iss2p15a
NOTAS SOBRE COMPETÊNCIAS PROFISSIONAIS NECESSÁRIAS À DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Antonia Zulmira , Silva Maria de Lourdes Ramos da 
Published: August 2018

Este texto tem a intenção de discutir alguns aspectos referentes às competências necessárias para o desenvolvimento da profissão docente, em especial, na Educação Básica, conforme as novas exigências culturais, sociais e políticas. Como procedimento metodológico deste artigo, concentrou-se na compreensão de leituras e interpretações de textos sobre as competências fundamentais para a profissão docente. Foram tomados como aportes teóricos os seguintes pesquisadores: Gatti (2013); Nóvoa (1999); Perrenoud, (2002); Machado (2009) e Rios (2005). Após as leituras, pode-se inferir que a profissão docente implica entender a aprendizagem como um processo contínuo, alicerçada na busca da compreensão de novas competências e valores para uma educação que atenda aos anseios de uma sociedade contemporânea, para se alcançar uma educação de qualidade. Essa ressignificação só será possível por meio de mudanças significativas na formação e na identidade profissional daqueles que se dedicam à profissão de professor.
Apresentação
Authors: Barbosa Plínio Almeida 
Published: August 2018

The idea of organizing this collection of seven papers was twofold. First, to bring together, in a single volume, researchers who not only have devoted their work to analyzing prosodic form and content according to rigorous experimental protocols, and further more crucially, to bring together researchers who assume a modeling approach by proposing phonetic or phonological models for utterance implementation. Second, to present evidence for universal and language-specific prosodic properties by gathering information on common and specific prosodic properties from five languages, not all genetic-related: (American and Irish) English, Japanese, French, Finnish, and Brazilian Portuguese.
Entraining speech with speech and metronomes
Authors: Cummins Fred 
Published: August 2018

Duas novas abordagens experimentais para o estudo da fala são descritas. Na abordagem Speech Cycling, os locutores procuram casar o ritmo de sua fala com aquele de um metrônomo. Eles mostram fortes vieses que privilegiam a produção de padrões rítmicos simples baseados no encadeamento de um número inteiro de pés acentuais compreendidos no ciclo de repetição da frase. Na abordagem Synchronous Speech, dois locutores lêem um texto conjuntamente, tentando manter o sincronismo entre si. Novos resultados, fundamentados em vinte pares de locutores, são apresentados e demonstram que a prática não melhora de maneira acentuada o sincronismo, que os locutores usam informação visual para se sincronizarem entre si e que um índice independente de fluência de leitura é somente um fraco preditor de sincronismo. Tomados em seu conjunto, esses experimentos ilustram o uso de estímulos para induzir os locutores ao acoplamento, revelando assim tendências e limitações do sistema de produção de fala.
How long is a stress group?
Authors: O'Dell Michael , Nieminen Tommi 
Published: August 2018

Num estudo recente, Barbosa sugere que, para uma síntese de fala com naturalidade, o número de sílabas no grupo acentual poderia ser determinado dinamicamente a partir das relações momentâneas dos osciladores acentual e silábico. Consideramos aqui as ramificações desta idéia para entender padrões na fala natural, utilizando e estendendo um modelo de osciladores acoplados hierarquizados previamente desenvolvido.