bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Biomarkers for Tumor Angiogenesis: Where Are We?
Authors: Di Paolo Virginia , Colletti Marta , Ferruzzi Valentina , Russo Ida , Galardi Angela , Alessi Iside , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Di Giannatale Angela 
Published: August 2018

Background:
In recent years, several anti-angiogenic drugs have been developed
and their addition to standard treatment has been associated with clinical benefits. However,
the response to anti-angiogenic therapy is characterized by considerable variability. In this
context, the development of dynamic non-invasive biomarkers would be helpful to elucidate
the emergence of anti-angiogenic resistance as well as to correctly address the treatment.

Objectives:
The purpose of this review is to describe current reports on circulating diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers related to angiogenesis. We further discuss how this non-invasive
strategy could improve the monitoring of tumor treatment and help clinical strategy.

Results:
We discuss the latest evidence in the literature regarding circulating anti-angiogenic
markers. Besides growth factor proteins, different circulating miRNAs could exert a pro- or
anti-angiogenic activity so as to represent suitable candidates for a non-invasive strategy. Recent
reports indicate that tumor-derived exosomes, which are small membrane vesicles abundant
in biological fluids, also have an impact on vascular remodeling.

Conclusion:
Numerous circulating biomarkers related to angiogenesis have been recently
identified. Their use will allow identifying patients who are more likely to benefit from a specific
anti-angiogenic treatment, as well as detecting those who will develop resistance and/or
adverse effects. Nonetheless, further studies are required to elucidate the role of these biomarkers
in clinical settings.
The Impact of Carboxylesterases in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Di Li 
Published: August 2018

Background:Carboxylesterases (CES) play a critical role in catalyzing hydrolysis of esters, amides, carbamates and thioesters, as well as bioconverting prodrugs and soft drugs. The unique tissue distribution of CES enzymes provides great opportunities to design prodrugs or soft drugs for tissue targeting. Marked species differences in CES tissue distribution and catalytic activity are particularly challenging in human translation.Methods:Review and summarization of CES fundamentals and applications in drug discovery and development.Results:Human CES1 is one of the most highly expressed drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver, while human intestine only expresses CES2. CES enzymes have moderate to high inter-individual variability and exhibit low to no expression in the fetus, but increase substantially during the first few months of life. The CES genes are highly polymorphic and some CES genetic variants show significant influence on metabolism and clinical outcome of certain drugs. Monkeys appear to be more predictive of human pharmacokinetics for CES substrates than other species. Low risk of clinical drug-drug interaction is anticipated for CES, although they should not be overlooked, particularly interaction with alcohols. CES enzymes are moderately inducible through a number of transcription factors and can be repressed by inflammatory cytokines.Conclusion:Although significant advances have been made in our understanding of CESs, in vitro - in vivo extrapolation of clearance is still in its infancy and further exploration is needed. In vitro and in vivo tools are continuously being developed to characterize CES substrates and inhibitors.
1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol: A Versatile Synthon for the Synthesis of Sulfur-containing Heterocycles
Authors: Luna Isadora Silva , da Cruz Rayssa Marques Duarte , da Cruz Ryldene Marques Duarte , de Araújo Rodrigo Santos Aquino , Mendonça-Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra 
Published: August 2018

Background:
1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol (1,4-DTD) is the stable dimer of α-mercapto acetaldehyde. This
commercially available ambidentade compound is characterized as having in its chemical structure one group
that acts as an electrophile and another that acts as a nucleophile, this permits its use as versatile and efficient
synthon in synthetic heterocycle procedures.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to present synthetic applications of 1,4-DTD in heterocyclic chemistry and
their applicability to the synthesis of bioactive compounds.

Conclusion:
Gewald reactions to obtain C-4 and C-5 unsubstituted 2-amino-thiophene derivatives; sulfa-
Michael/Henry and sulfa-Michael/aldol sequences to obtain polysubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes, and other
heterocyclic reactions that allow synthesizing several functionalized sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiazolidines,
oxathiazinoles and thiazoles are presented and discussed. The use of such heterocyclics in subsequent
reactions allows obtaining various bioactive compounds including the antiretroviral lamivudine which is
one of the examples presented in this review.
Characterization of Neem (Azadirachita indica) Gum Exudates Using Analytical Tools and Pharmaceutical Approaches
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Pramod K. , Dubey Susheel K. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Polysaccharide has been used as excipient in pharmaceutical and biomedical
sciences.

Objective:
Objective of present research was to characterize crude Neem Gum Polysaccharide (NGP)
for their possible applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

Methods:
Purified NGP was characterized in terms of phytochemical screening, organoleptic properties,
solubility, micromeritic properties, TLC analysis, ash value, microbial load, molecular confirmation,
molecular weight, swelling behaviour, foaming ability, surface morphology, IR spectral analysis,
1H NMR and mass spectra analysis. Suspending properties of NGP was also evaluated using paracetamol
as model drug.

Results:
TLC analysis of NGP shows the presence of polar components in native polysaccharide.
Results showed that NGP exhibit pseudoplastic flow with 19.22 x103 kJ kg-1 activation energy and
0.013 Reynold’s number. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. change in enthalpy ΔHv and change in entropy
ΔSv was found to be 301.97 KJ/mol and 53.64 JK-1mol-1 respectively. Viscosity average molecular
weight of NGP polysaccharide was found to be 94750 D. Foam capacity and foam stability of 1
%w/v solution of NGP was found to be 41 % and 64 % respectively. Mathematical approach also determined
coiled conformation of NGP solution. Mass spectra of NGP shows characteristics fragmentation
pattern with initial cleavage of glycosidic bond. 1H NMR spectra reveal the presence of 1 alpha –
O-C- Methyl Hydrogen (CH3) and tetrahydropyran hydrogen.

Conclusion:
From the findings of the research it can be concluded that NGP can be used as excipient
in cosmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals and attract rheologist for its characteristics rheological behavior.
Antitumor Potential of Marine Natural Products: A Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Hu Liping , Ying Jie , Zhang Miaomiao , Qiu Xiaoyan , Lu Yu 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Compounds obtained from natural resources have become important candidates in the
discovery and development of drugs. Over the past few decades, marine resources have gradually attracted a
large amount of attention from researchers, and many compounds with varying structures and activities have
been derived from various marine resources. Since the ocean experiences more variable temperatures, lower
oxygen levels and less light than the terrestrial environment, marine resources offer a substantial number of
organisms that are not available or rarely detected on land.
</P><P>
Description: Researchers expect that they can discover agents from marine organisms that exhibit good activity
for diseases. Of the marine compounds acquired, the majority have shown to have good antitumor activity, and
range in phases from clinical trials up to being used in the clinic. These natural products operate through different
pathways and have unique antitumor effects that include inducing cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation
and influencing cell migration. A variety of drugs have been used for cancer treatment during the last few years,
but it has not been possible to greatly extend the survival time of advanced cancer patients. In addition, researchers
are actively looking for compounds to overcome problems that include a lack of effective drugs to
control the transfer of cancer cells and the development of drug-resistant microbes.

Conclusion:
Here, we summarize the marine natural products that have been obtained over the past few years,
and analyze their antitumor effects and mechanisms. Our research will provide a significant basis for anticancer
drug screening and development.
Association of Phytol with Toxic and Cytotoxic Activities in an Antitumoral Perspective: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review
Authors: Alencar Marcus V.O.B. , Islam Muhammad T. , Ali Eunus S. , Santos José V.O. , Paz Márcia F.C.J. , Sousa João M.C. , Dantas Sandra M.M.M. , Mishra Siddhartha K. , Cavalcante Ana A.C.M. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Phytol have various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumoral,
antimutagenic, anti-atherogenic, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antispasmodic, antiepileptic, antinociceptive,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and immunoadjuvant. Several studies point to
an association of phytol with implications for apoptosis and necrosis at cellular levels in cancer, yet no clear
conclusions were drawn.

Method:
To clarify this, we conducted a meta-analysis of non-clinical studies of phytol and its associations with
toxicity and cytotoxicity emphasizing the mechanisms of apoptosis and necrosis induction and its importance in
tumor therapy. Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science. The association
between phytol and cyto-/toxicity was assessed by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twentythree
studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between phytol and toxicity
(OR: 1.47; 95% CI = 0.86–2.48) was found among in vivo studies and cytotoxicity (OR: 1.81; 95% CI = 1.12–
2.65, p<0.05) in in vitro and ex vivo studies. In in vitro studies, 24% of them indicate that phytol at high doses
induces apoptosis by several mechanisms; while about 40% of ex vivo studies indicate that phytol induces reactive
oxygen species generation. But, Phytol does not act as a direct oxidant, unlike its metabolite phytanic acid.
The 24% of in vivo studies also highlighted the mechanisms for apoptosis-like including expression of Bcl2
protein or mutations in pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Of them, 8% studies show necrosis and hepatotoxicity. However,
in 24% of the articles, the mechanisms of toxicity and cytotoxicity are still not well elucidated.

Conclusion:
This study confirms that the association between phytol and cyto-/toxicity depends on the
dose/concentration used in the given experimental conditions. Thus, there are still great prospects for new research
aimed at the use of phytol and its metabolite as anticancer agents.
Neoplasia ovariana teratogénica en canino
Authors: O Alves José Edgard , RGP Bianchi Mariah , P Calabrez Larissa , OR Portugal Janaina , F Torres Natália , MP Vieira Evelyn , MR Cadena Silvia , OP Santos Scarlath 
Published: August 2018

Los teratomas son neoplasias de células germinales originadas en el ectodermo, mesodermo o endodermo. El quiste dermoide o teratoma ovárico maduro quístico es un tumor raro en caninos que puede causar serios daños en la fertilidad y salud del animal. El presente caso reporta un quiste ovárico encontrado durante el acto quirúrgico, en un canino hembra pastor alemán de 5 años de edad. La paciente presentaba descargas vaginales desde hace aproximadamente tres semanas. Los signos clínicos asociados a examen ultrasónico permitieron confirmar el diagnóstico de piometra y el paciente fue remitido a tratamiento quirúrgico para realización de ovariohisterectomia. Después de la retirada de los ovarios y útero, fueron percibidas anomalías en tamaño y coloración del ovario izquierdo durante revisión macroscópica, encontrándose a la incisión contenido de pelos y material sebáceo. El espécimen fue enviado para análisis histopatológico, siendo confirmado el diagnóstico de quiste dermoide ovárico. En conclusión, la falta de especificidad de los signos primarios hace difícil el diagnóstico clínico, contribuyendo a que esta alteración sea encontrada incidentalmente durante cirugías abdominales siendo la ovariohisterectomia un tratamiento efectivo para esta condición.
Pengelolaan Supervisi Artistik Kepala Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Selojari Klambu Grobogan
Authors: Musrikah Siti 
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of the artistic supervision of Selojari 1 elementary school and to describe and analyze any obstacles faced in learning supervision artistict. Type of this research research is called qualitative research. The collection of data carried out by means of in depth interviews, observations, and use of documents. Data were analyzed with data reduction, data presentation, and draw conclusions. The result of this research showed that artistic supervision planning in Selojari 1 elementary school is to make an systematic artistic supervision format. Implementation of artistic supervision through classroom visits, observe teaching learning activities and also classroom administration aspec. Supervision carried out periodically. Implementation feedback artistic supervision carried out by the headmaster as supervisor by making a connection humanist, harmonious and appreciate the personal character and talents of teachers.
Teacher Talk in Teaching English for Young Learners
Authors: Sukmawati Nur Najibah 
Published: August 2018

Popularitas pengajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing untuk anak-anaksemakin meningkat di Indoesia. Praktiknya, pengajaran bahasa Inggris untuk anakanak bukan hanya tntang mengajar bahasa.guru harus memperhatikan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan siswa disamping perkembangan pengetahuan. Secara khusus, dalam hal pengembangan bahasa, ujaran pada anak-anak yang masih terbatas dan berciri khas membuat guru harus mempu untuk melakukan manipulasi pilihan-pilihan ujaran yang sesuai dengan perkembangan kemampuan siswa. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ujaran guru dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris untuk anakanak dari perspektif aalisis sosiolinguistik. Objek penelitian ini adalah sekelompok siswa aman kanak-anak dari salah satu sekolah favorit di Surakarta.penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa, guru memberikan (a) pola kalimat sederhana, (b) memperlambat kecepatan ujaran, (c) artikulasi yang jelas, (d) membatasi produksi kosakata, dan (e) jeda yang sangat jelas antara satu ujaran dengan ujaran berikutnya. Hal ini dilakukan guru untuk memaksimalkan pemahaman siswa sehingga siswa lebih mudah mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa memodifikasi ujaran penting dilakukan agar terjadi komunikasi yang lebih baik antara guru dan siswa.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN DANA INSENTIF AKREDITASI PROGRAM BETTER EDUCATION THROUGH REFORMED MANAGEMENT AND UNIVERSAL TEACHER UPGRADING (BERMUTU) PADA PRODI PGSD
Authors: Ulumudin Ikhya 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan dampak pemanfaatan program bantuan DIA BERMUTU. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 12 perguruan tinggi yang mendapatkan program bantuan DIA BERMUTU dengan metode survey dan teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah wawancara. Hasil penelitiannya adalah program DIA BERMUTU telah dimanfaatkan dan digunakan oleh penerima bantuan untuk peningkatan pengelolaan prodi PGSD. Pemanfaatannya dilakukan melalui program dan kegiatan diantaranya peningkatan kapasitas SDM, peningkatan mutu proses pembelajaran, peningkatan kelengkapan sarana prasarana dan system informasi, dan peningkatan kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian masyarakat. Dampak dari pemanfaatan tersebut adalah terfasilitasinya prodi PGSD untuk memperoleh akreditasi lebih baik, serta menjadi stimulus prodi PGSD dalam merencanakan pengelolaan yang berkualitas, akuntabel, dan berorientasi pada pencapaian output yang BERMUTU secara berkesinambungan. AbstractThis research was carried out to find out the utilization of DIA BERMUTU Program and the effect of its utilization. The research was conducted in 12 universities, the grantees of DIA BERMUTU program, using survey method and interview as its data collection technique. The result showed that DIA BERMUTU program had been utilized and used by the grantees to improve the PGSD study program management through various programs and activities such as human resource capacity development, learning process quality improvement, enhancement of information system and infrastructure, and development of research and community services. DIA BERMUTU program could facilitate the PGSD Study Program to get a better accreditation level. Beside that, this program can also stimulate PGSD Study Program to have better plan toward more qualified, accountable, and sustainable-qualified-output-oriented management.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR DENGAN METODE KOOPERATIF STUDENTS TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) PADA PELAJARAN DIAGNOSA PC KELAS XI TKJ SMK BONAVITA
Authors: Kristiadi D.Dedy Prasetya 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dengan metode kooperatif Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas XI TKJ SMK Bonavita Tangerang tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa XI TKJ sebanyak 24 siswa yang diawali dengan test selanjutnya dengan penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari dua Siklus. Siklus pertama mengenali kerusakan pada komputer dan jaringan selanjutnya setting ulang jaringan dengan topologi bus. Sebelum diadakan penelitian tindak kelas hasil belajar siswa adalah sebagai berikut. Banyak siswa yang mengikuti ulangan adalah 24 orang, siswa yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 22 orang, siswa yang telah tuntas belajar adalah 2 orang, atau sebesar 8,3 persen. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada Siklus 1 terdapat kenaikan 25 persen dengan rincian 6 siswa yang telah tuntas belajar. Pada Siklus 2 terdapat kenaikan menjadi 100 persen atau sebanyak 24 siswa telah tuntas belajar. Berdasarkan itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode kooperatif tipe STAD pada pelajaran Diagnosa PC yang terhubung jaringan dapat menaikkan aktifitas dan prestasi belajar kelas XI TKJ 1 SMK Bonavita Tangerang. ABSTRACTThis research aimed to improve learning achievement using cooperative method of Students Teams Achievment Division (STAD). The research was done at class XI TKJ in secondary vocational school of Bonavita Tangerang, Banten academic year of 2015/2016 using classroom action research. The research subject consist of 24 students from class XI TKJ. The research began by giving a test and then followed by 2 cycles of classroom action. The first cycle was to recognize damage to the computer and network then resetting the network by bus topology. Before the action was applied, the results were as follows. Among the total number of students taking the test (24 students), 22 students failed, and 2 students passed students. Thus the percentage of fail students was 91 percent. After the action was applied in Cycle 1, there was an increase of 6 students who passed the test, and in Cycle 2 there was an increase to all of the 24 students passed the test. Based on this result, it could be concluded that Cooperative STAD is effective in improving students’ learning achievements especially in personal computer diagnose connected to network lessons at class XI TKJ of Bonavita Secondary Vocational School, Tangerang.
Las Tecnologías de La Información y La comunicación y su contribución en La construcción de Las ciudades digitales
Authors: Ortegón Bolívar Jairo Augusto 
Published: August 2018

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación – TIC han contribuido al origen, implementación, desarrollo y sostenibilidad de lo que hoy denominamos Ciudades Digitales. Las TIC desde sus inicios y posterior desarrollo han transformado la antigua sociedad industrial, generando dentro de la sociedad humana nuevas relaciones económicas, políticas y sociales centradas en el intercambio de flujos de información, que han derivado en la configuración de un nuevo modelo social conocido con el nombre de Sociedad Postindustrial o Sociedad del Conocimiento. Se mostrara entonces que para crear la nueva inteligencia de las ciudades y esto facilite su capacidad de gestión, hay que combinar el software con las redes de telecomunicaciones, los sensores y los identificadores dentro de un ambiente digital, proveyendo entonces una inteligencia integrada a estas ciudades de una forma
ubicua que les permitan responder de manera inteligente a las demandas de los diferentes entornos dentro de los cuales se encuentran integradas.
Demanda de energías renovables en zonas rurales descentralizadas
Authors: Rincón Martínez Andrés 
Published: August 2018

La falta de servicio eléctrico en algunos sectores del país como comunidades indígenas, afro- descendientes en las aéreas rurales de la vía Santa Marta la Guajira, fuera del rango de conexión del sistema interconectado nacional (SIN), hace que algunas de estas comunidades busquen formas de suplir sus necesidades básicas de electricidad, haciendo de las energías renovables una oportunidad a las que pueden acceder. Se analizan los consumos domésticos de servicios en pequeñas
comunidades y demanda de energía en algunos procesos agrícolas. Conociendo la disponibilidad de las posibles fuentes energéticas renovables, se selecciona la mejor simulación de energía renovable o cogeneración energética, desde el punto de vista técnico y económico.
El aprovechamiento de las comunicaciones móviles en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje para la educación superior
Authors: Contreras Sanchez Fernando Alirio , Betancourt Elkin Arturo 
Published: August 2018

En el actual contexto social, el uso de los dispositivos móviles se ha masificado de tal manera, que su empleo como herramienta de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en entornos académicos es extremadamente útil. Por lo tanto surge el concepto de Mobile Learning (aprendizaje móvil), que ayuda a los docentes a administrar su práctica docente y a los estudiantes a facilitar su aprendizaje a través del uso apropiado de las Tecnologías de Información y las Comunicaciones TIC; de esta forma la realización de un aprendizaje por medios electrónicos (E-Learning) debe ser centralizada en una plataforma de aprendizaje virtual y conectada con un ambiente multiplataforma de dispositivos móviles con interconexión a la red de comunicaciones de la Universidad.
La coexistencia de M-Learning versus E-Learning, van a permitir al docente alinearse con los estudiantes en el uso apropiado de las TIC, para producir beneficios en el aprendizaje a distancia, de tal manera que los recursos tecnológicos puedan ser aprovechados y la comunidad académica se apropie de los recursos a través de nuevas interfaces de comunicación móvil como es el propósito de la investigación realizada para la Universidad Antonio Nariño.
Como privatizar os Correios:
Authors: Loenert Francisco Martins 
Published: August 2018

Partindo da premissa que o melhor destino aos Correios é a privatização, o artigo teve como objetivo não só buscar uma solução para melhorar o sistema logístico, mas ao mesmo tempo colocá-lo no mais elevado nível mundial. Valendo-se da ascendente tecnologia do blockchain, e inspirados por projetos já existentes, desconstruímos o conceito de que necessariamente a empresa que coleta com o remetente será a mesma que entregará ao destinatário. Assim, o modelo proposto levou em consideração todas as características atuais, e buscou de forma viável definir um marco zero para o sistema logístico, oferecendo dinamismo e concorrência ao mercado.