bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of pomegranate peel extract and essential oil as a safe botanical preservative for the control of postharvest decay caused by Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum on “Satsuma” mandarin
Authors: Givi Fatemeh , Gholami Mahdiyeh , Massah Amir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in using natural antifungal compounds for the preservation of foods. The first experiment of this study was investigated an effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and the essential oil (PPEO) in different concentrations mixed with potato dextrose agar (PDA) on spore germination of Penicillum italicum and Penicillum digitatum. in vivo experiments were focused on the treatments offering potential antifungal and antioxidant benefits. Preventive treatments were performed by dipping wounded fruit into the specific concentrations of extract and thereafter, each wound site was infected by inoculating 20 μL of the inoculum of P. italicum or P. digitatum. For curative treatments, fruit were wounded as above, and then inoculated with P. italicum or P. digitatum. Even though data showed no significant differences between PPEO treatments, PPE at 100 and 125 ppm elicited significantly lower spore germination under in vitro conditions compared to the other treatments. The results showed that 75% or/and 100% PPE reduced infected wound percentage and lesion diameter and increased total phenolic, flavonoid compounds content, and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity in “Satsuma” mandarin rind. The tested PPE can be effectively utilized for controlling and curing infections caused by P. italicum and P. digitatum.Practical applicationsThe results obtained in this research could be advantageously used by industry as a request of consumer demand for pesticide‐free food. The results indicate that it is possible to substitute the synthetic compounds with preservatives safer for man and environment.
Urinary abnormalities in children and adolescents with Wilson disease before and during treatment with d‐penicillamine
Authors: Helmy Heba , Fahmy Mona , Abdel Aziz Hanan , Ghobrial Carolyne , Abdel Hameed Nehal , El‐Karaksy Hanaa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimRenal abnormalities can occur at any time point during the course of Wilson disease (WD). We aimed to fill a literature gap in this respect by studying urinary abnormalities in children and adolescents with WD.MethodsThis study included 60 children with WD presenting to the Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Cairo University. The following data were retrieved from the patients' files including age, sex, liver function tests, serum ceruloplasmin, 24‐h urinary copper, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinalysis, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, urinary β2‐microglobulin, liver and renal biopsy results when available.ResultsAll studied cases had no symptoms related to renal involvement. Microscopic hematuria was detected in 11% and 12% at baseline and within 5 years of therapy, respectively. Moderate microalbuminuria was detected in 34%, 50%, and 33% at baseline, within 5 years and > 5 years after therapy, respectively. Hypercalciuria was detected in 23% at baseline, 34% in those patients treated for up to 5 years and 37.5% > 5 years of therapy. Age and international normalized ratio were significantly higher in patients with high calcium/creatinine ratio compared with those with normal values at initial evaluation. Frequency of elevated urinary β2‐microglobulin was 36%, 36%, and 37% in patients at baseline, up to 5 years and > 5 years of therapy, respectively.ConclusionAsymptomatic urinary abnormalities are present in patients with WD at any time point of the disease and during treatment with d‐penicillamine. They have to be searched for, as early intervention may prevent progression to renal insufficiency.
The safety of newly developed automatic temperature‐controlled endobiliary radiofrequency ablation system for malignant biliary strictures: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Lee Yun Nah , Jeong Seok , Choi Hyun Jong , Cho Jae Hee , Cheon Young Koog , Park Se Woo , Kim Yeon Suk , Lee Don Haeng , Moon Jong Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsCatheter‐based endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an endoscopic local treatment for patients with malignant biliary stricture (MBS). However, excessive heating of the bile duct by the current RFA system can induce serious complications. Recently, a new RFA system with automatic temperature control was developed. In the present study, we examined the safety of the new RFA system in patients undergoing endobiliary RFA for extrahepatic MBS.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter study enrolled patients with unresectable or inoperable extrahepatic (> 2 cm from the hilum) MBS. Endobiliary RFA was performed using a newly developed RFA catheter (ELRA™, STARmed, Goyang, Korea) at a setting of 7 or 10 W for 120 s and with a target temperature of 80°C. A self‐expandable metallic stent was inserted after endobiliary RFA. The rate of procedure‐related adverse events was assessed.ResultsThe 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed in 19 patients, pancreatic cancer was found in 9, and gallbladder cancers were recorded in 2. The mean stricture length was 22.1 ± 6.6 mm. Post‐procedural adverse events occurred in three patients (10.0%; 2 mild pancreatitis and 1 cholangitis) without hemobilia and bile duct perforation. The pancreatitis and cholangitis resolved with conservative treatment. The cumulative duration of stent patency and survival were 236 and 383 days, respectively.ConclusionsAutomatic temperature‐controlled endobiliary RFA using a newly developed catheter was safely applied in patents with extrahepatic MBS. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of endobiliary RFA for MBS.
Understanding the core principles of a ‘modified ketogenic diet’: aUKand Ireland perspective
Authors: Martin‐McGill K. J. , Lambert B. , Whiteley V. J. , Wood S. , Neal E. G. , Simpson Z. R. , Schoeler N. E. ,   on behalf of the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network (KDRN)
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany centres across theUKand Ireland anecdotally report using a ‘modified ketogenic diet’ (MKD) as a treatment for refractory epilepsy. Although aMKDis within the spectrum of ketogenic diets (KDs), there is little literature reporting upon its definition, use or clinical effectiveness. We aimed to understand the core principles ofMKDpractice and to assess whether and how theMKDdiffers from otherKDprotocols.MethodsAn online survey, designed by a consensus group of ketogenic dietitians, was circulated to 39KDcentres across theUKand Ireland. It consisted of 35 questions regarding dietetic practice when providingMKD.ResultsEighteen centres completed the questionnaire: 13 paediatric, three adult and two combined centres. All dietitians basedMKD‘prescriptions’ on estimated total energy requirements. The average macronutrient profile was 75% fat and 5% carbohydrate, with proteinad libitum. Carbohydrate and fat targets were implemented via weighed portions (carbohydrate listsn = 18; fat listsn = 13) and ‘household measures’ (carbohydrate listsn = 2; fat listsn = 3). Of the centres, 94% (n = 17) adjusted macronutrients over time; these decisions were based on ketone levels and seizures in most cases (83%;n = 14). Ketogenic nutritional products available on prescription were used by 10 centres (56%) when initiating and by all centres when ‘fine‐tuning’ theMKD.ConclusionsA modified ketogenic diet in theUKand Ireland is a hybridKD, adopting principles from other establishedKDprotocols and defining new elements unique to theMKD. Further research into the clinical and cost‐effectiveness ofMKDwould be of benefit.
Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Amirjani S. , Asemi Z. , Bazarganipour F. , Aramesh S. , Allan H. , Sayadi M. , Tabatabaei M.‐S. , Mohamadian Z. , Zabti F. , Iranpak N. , Heydarzadeh A. , Taghavi S. A. , Badehnoosh B. , Khashavi Z. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to compare dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women.MethodsOne hundred and sixty healthy women (partner with male infertility) were recruited to a control group; 168 women with PCOS (diagnosed on ultrasound) were recruited to a case study group for this cross‐sectional comparative study. The case group was classified into three phenotypes based on the presence or absence of menstrual disorder (M), hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovary according to sonography (PCO): HA+PCO (n = 53), PCO+M (n = 57) and M+HA+PCO (n = 66). Dietary intake and lifestyle behaviour were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire.ResultsThe mean energy (P < 0.001) and fat (P < 0.001) intakes were greater in PCOS groups compared to the control group. The average energy and fat intakes were greater in HA+M+PCO group after age and body mass index (BMI) adjustment compared to the other phenotypes (P < 0.001). In comparison with the control group, lifestyle scores were lower in the PCOS group in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control after age and BMI adjustment (P < 0.001). The average score of lifestyle in the fields of physical activity, weight and nutrition control, and psychological health was lower in the phenotype HA+M+PCO compared to the other phenotypes (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA limited energy and fat intake is strongly recommended in Iranian women with PCOS, especially for phenotype HA+M+PCO. Consultation with respect to improvement of psychological health and the importance of weight and nutrition control, as well as appropriate physical activity, is advocated, especially in patients with phenotype HA+M+PCO.
Motion‐induced position mis‐localization predicts the severity of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Song Yamin , Wang Huiting 
Published: March 2019

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often exhibit motion processing deficits. It is unclear whether the localization of moving objects – a perceptual process tightly linked to motion – is impaired or intact in AD. In this study, we used the phenomenon of illusory shift of position induced by motion as a behavioural paradigm to probe how the spatial representation differs between AD patients and healthy elderly controls. We measured the magnitudes of motion‐induced position shift in a group of AD participants (N = 24) and age‐matched elderly observers (N = 24). We found that AD patients showed weakened position mis‐localization, but only for motion stimuli of slow speeds. For fast motion, the position mis‐localization did not differ significantly between groups. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitudes of position mis‐localization can predict the severity of AD; that is, patients with more severe symptoms had less preserved position mis‐localization. Our results suggest that AD pathology impacts not only motion processing per se, but also the perceptual process related to motion such as the localization of moving objects.
Taking a look into the orbit of mammalian carnivorans
Authors: Casares‐Hidalgo Carlos , Pérez‐Ramos Alejandro , Forner‐Gumbau Manuel , Pastor Francisco J. , Figueirido Borja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we explore the relationship between orbit anatomy and different ecological factors in carnivorous mammals from a phylogenetic perspective. We calculated the frontation (α), convergence (β), and orbitotemporal (Ω) angles of the orbit from 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks in a wide sample of carnivores with different kinds of visual strategy (i.e. photopic, scotopic, and mesopic), habitat (i.e. open, mixed, and closed), and substrate use (i.e. arboreal, terrestrial, and aquatic). We used Bloomberg'sKand Pagel's λ to assess phylogenetic signal in frontation, convergence, and orbitotemporal angles. The association of orbit orientation with skull length and ecology was explored using phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogeneticmanova, respectively. Moreover, we also computed phylomorphospaces from orbit orientation. Our results indicate that there is not a clear association between orbit orientation and the ecology of living carnivorans. We hypothesize that the evolution of the orbit in mammalian carnivores represents a new case of an ecological bottleneck specific to carnivorans. New directions for future research are discussed in light of this new evidence.
The anatomy and histochemistry of flight hindlimb posture in birds. II. The flexed hindlimb posture of perching birds
Authors: Walker Amanda M. , Meyers Ron A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring flight, birds employ one of two hindlimb postures. Perching birds utilize a flexed posture with their folded legs tucked beneath the body, whereas shorebirds and raptors use an extended posture with straightened legs trailing behind the body. Maintenance of either posture during flight requires the hindlimbs to hold their position for prolonged periods. Slow contracting fibers are known for their fatigue‐resistant properties and are often found in high percentages in muscles utilized for postural actions. Given the similar actions required of the hip and knee flexors used during flight, we hypothesized that the equivalent postural muscles of perching birds (flexed posture) would contain similar percentages of slow fibers as shorebirds (extended posture). We investigated the anatomy and fiber type composition of seven hindlimb muscles in yellow‐headed and red‐winged blackbirds and revealed that they possess a smaller percentage of slow fibers than we found previously in the same muscles of American avocets and black‐necked stilts. The comparably smaller body size of yellow‐headed and red‐winged blackbirds could mitigate the need for more slow fibers. In addition, the biomechanical placement of the weight force in the flexed posture may require less muscle force for postural support during flight and, therefore, fewer slow fibers.
Development of the chondrocranium of two caiman species, Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare
Authors: Fernandez Blanco María V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the embryonic development and variation of the chondrocranium in Crocodylia and there are no works on any Caiman species. Due to the importance of cranial features in the systematics of this clade, investigating the development of the skull in embryonic stages is essential. In this study, we present for the first time the development of the cartilaginous skull of two extant Caiman species. Anatomical descriptions of the embryonic chondrocranium of Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare were made, paying special attention to their inter‐ and intraspecific variation. For this purpose, pre‐hatching ontogenetic cranial series of these two caiman species were prepared with a double staining and diaphanization technique. The main differences with other crocodylian species were observed in the palatoquadrate, and interspecific variation within the genus was recorded in the hyobranchial apparatus and larynx. Some characters may be distinctive of Caiman (posterior and ventral surface of the otic process of the palatoquadrate articulated with the dorsal process of the columella auris, and otic process articulated with the lateral wall of the auditory capsule), Alligatoridae (presence of an epiphanial foramen) or C. latirostris and C. yacare (Corpus hyoidei with different number and position of foramina and different shapes of its anterior contour and anterior and posterior notch, different degrees of broadening of the distal end of the Cornu branchiale I, and presence/absence of a notch in the posteroventral surface of the cricoid). Homologies of the elements belonging to the hyobranchial apparatus could not be confirmed. As in other tetrapods the trachea consists of incomplete cartilaginous rings. Morphological changes and dissimilarities found in this study are useful as a context to start studying phylogenetic constraints. Moreover, in a heterochronic context, variations may be involved.
Ecological associations among epidermal microstructure and scale characteristics of Australian geckos (Squamata: Carphodactylidae and Diplodactylidae)
Authors: Riedel Jendrian , Vucko Matthew J. , Blomberg Simone P. , Robson Simon K. A. , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA first step in examining factors influencing trait evolution is demonstrating associations between traits and environmental factors. Scale microstructure is a well‐studied feature of squamate reptiles (Squamata), including geckos, but few studies examine ecology the of microstructures, and those focus mainly on toe pads. In this study, the ecomorphology of cutaneous microstructures on the dorsum was described for eight Australian species of carphodactylid (Squamata: Carphodactylidae) and 19 diplodactylid (Squamata: Diplodactylidae) geckos. We examined scale dimensions, spinule and cutaneous sensilla (CS) morphology, using scanning electron microscopy, and described associations of these traits with microhabitat selection (arboreal, saxicoline or terrestrial) and relative humidity of each species’ habitat (xeric, mesic or humid). We used a phylogenetic flexible discriminant analysis (pFDA) to describe relationships among all traits and then a modeling approach to examine each trait individually. Our analysis showed that terrestrial species tended to have long spinules and CS with more bristles, saxicoline species larger diameter CS and arboreal species tended to have large granule scales and small intergranule scales. There was high overlap in cutaneous microstructural morphology among species from xeric and mesic environments, whereas species from humid environments had large diameter CS and few bristles. Significant associations between epidermal morphology and environmental humidity and habitat suggest that epidermal microstructures have evolved in response to environmental variables. In summary, long spinules, which aid self‐cleaning in terrestrial geckos, are consistent with greater exposure to dirt and debris in this habitat. Long spinules were not clearly correlated to environmental humidity. Finally, more complex CS (larger diameter with more bristles) may facilitate better perception of environmental variation in geckos living in drier habitats.
Apoptosis and proliferation during human salivary gland development
Authors: de Mello Gomes Ágatha Nagli , Nagai Maria Aparecida , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHuman salivary gland (SG) branching morphogenesis is an intricate mechanism divided into stages, prebud, initial bud, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and terminal bud, to form the final lobular structure of the organ. The coordination of molecular cascades, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, are fundamental to this process. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway appears to be important in the early phases of ductal cavitation and luminisation; however, the role of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway has still to be determined. Questions remain as to whether the latter mechanism participates in the maintenance of the ductal lumen; therefore, the present study investigated the expression of proteins Prostate apoptosis response‐4 (Par‐4), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas), Fas ligand (FasL), pleckstrin homology‐like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1), caspase‐3, B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), survivin, Ki‐67, mucin 1 (MUC1), and secreted protein acidic and cysteine‐rich (SPARC) during distinct phases of human SG development (50 specimens). This strategy aimed to draw an immunomorphological map of the proteins involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tissue maturation during the SG branching morphogenesis process. Par‐4 was positive at all stages except the pre‐acinar phase. Fas and FasL were expressed in few cells. PHLDA1 was expressed in all phases but not in the terminal bud. Bcl‐2 expression was mainly negative (expressed in few cells). Survivin showed a cytoplasmic expression pattern in the early phases of development, which changed to a predominantly nuclear expression during development into more differentiated structures. Ki‐67 was expressed mainly at the pseudoglandular stage. MUC1 was positive in the pseudoglandular stage with a cytoplasmic pattern in regions of early luminal opening. Immunostaining for SPARC and caspase‐3 was negative. Our results suggest that proteins associated with the regulation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis contribute to apoptosis during specific phases of the early formation of SGs in humans.
A comprehensive guide to upper lip aesthetic rejuvenation
Authors: Baudoin Julien , Meuli Joachim N. , di Summa Pietro G. , Watfa William , Raffoul Wassim 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe authors of this review present a comprehensive assessment of the techniques and indications in the treatment of the long upper lip. Setting aside the maxillofacial malformations, the review is focused on senescence as the most frequent etiology. A graphical reminder of the anatomical entities and of the upper lip proportions allows optimal preoperative planning. All current treatment options, from fillers to surgical excision and dermabrasion, are reviewed and summarized in order to provide an overview of each technique's expected results and contraindications.
Intergenerational Risk of Parentification and Infantilization to Externalizing Moderated by Child Temperament
Authors: Nuttall Amy K. , Zhang Qian , Valentino Kristin , Borkowski John G. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The present study examined the intergenerational risk of instrumental filial responsibility in the first generation on children's externalizing behaviors in the next generation and examined difficult child temperament as a potential moderator of this association.Background: Filial responsibility refers to children's instrumental or emotional caregiving roles. Moderate levels of instrumental responsibility, such as age‐appropriate responsibilities, may be normative whereas too much (parentification) or too little (infantilization) responsibility is associated with risk to development, parenting, and offspring development. Prior work has not isolated the unique effects of instrumental caregiving or identified the children most susceptible to intergenerational risk.Method: A multisite, longitudinal design assessed a diverse sample of first‐time mothers and their children. Data from the present study (N = 374) were drawn from the third trimester of pregnancy and 12‐month and 36‐month assessments.Results: The results support the curvilinear association between the maternal history of instrumental caregiving and offspring externalizing symptoms controlling for emotional caregiving. Difficult child temperament moderated the association.Conclusion: Maternal instrumental caregiving history increases risk to children's externalizing symptoms, particularly at high (parentification) and low (infantilization) levels of instrumental caregiving and when child temperament is easy rather than difficult.
Gay‐Straight Alliances, Inclusive Policy, and School Climate:LGBTQYouths’ Experiences of Social Support and Bullying
Authors: Day Jack K. , Fish Jessica N. , Grossman Arnold H. , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: March 2019

Gay‐Straight Alliances (GSA) and school policies focused on support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning youth may reduce bias‐based bullying and enhance social supports in schools. Using multivariate regression, we tested the relationship between youth reports of the presence ofGSAs andLGBTQ‐focused policies, independently and mutually, with experiences bullying and perceived support (n = 1,061). Youth reported higher classmate support in the presence ofGSAs and higher teacher support in the presence ofLGBTQ‐focused policies; the presence of bothGSAs andLGBTQ‐focused policies was associated with less bullying and higher perceived classmate and teacher support. The findings indicate thatGSAs andLGBTQ‐focused policies are distinctly and mutually important for fostering safer and more supportive school climates for youth.