bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal variability of suspended sediments in rivers and ecological implications of reservoir flushing operations
Authors: Tritthart Michael , Haimann Marlene , Habersack Helmut , Hauer Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh suspended sediment concentrations during reservoir flushing are known to be harmful to biota in downstream river stretches. Therefore, it is common practice to set legal concentration limits for upstream reservoir management operations such as flushings or controlled drawdowns. However, as shown by measurements, there is a considerable spatio‐temporal variability of suspended sediment concentrations both in the longitudinal profile of rivers and in river cross‐sections. To consider this variability in management operations, SED‐FISH—a three‐dimensional modelling approach—was developed to study this variability in a wider context by upscaling cross‐sectional measurements of suspended sediments to high‐resolution three‐dimensional information on the reach scale in an alpine river. The resulting patterns of suspended sediment concentrations were integrated over their respective time of occurrence for various scenarios in order to calculate severity of harmful impacts for target fish species. The modelling results identified refugial habitats with reduced negative impacts in near‐bank zones even for relatively high suspended sediment concentrations in the centre of the river. Moreover, a substantially larger variability of both suspended sediment concentrations and associated harmful impacts was found for a winding riverbed morphology as compared with a straight reach. Both these findings and the developed modelling tool could assist in establishing individual case‐based concentration limits for reservoir management operations in the future and should also be taken into account when planning river regulation or restoration measures.
Goosebumps‐Inspired Microgel Patterns with Switchable Adhesion and Friction
Authors: Li Bin , Kappl Michael , Han Lu , Cui Jiaxi , Zhou Feng , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA substrate mimicking the surface topography and temperature sensitivity of skin goosebumps is fabricated. Close‐packed arrays of thermoresponsive microgel particles undergo topographical changes in response to temperature changes between 25 and 37 °C, resembling the goosebump structure that human skin develops in response to temperature changes or other circumstances. Specifically, positively charged poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes serve as an anchoring substrate for negatively charged poly(NIPAm‐co‐AA) microgels. The packing density and particle morphology can be tuned by brush layer thickness and pH of the microgel suspension. For brush layer thickness below 50 nm, particle monolayers are observed, with slightly flattened particle morphology at pH 3 and highly collapsed particles at pH above 7. Polymer brush films with thickness above 50 nm lead to the formation of particle multilayers. The temperature responsiveness of the monolayer assemblies allows reversible changes in the film morphology, which in turn affects underwater adhesion and friction at 25 and 37 °C. These results are promising for the design of new functional materials and may also serve as a model for biological structures and processes.
Invariant Measures for the Stochastic One-Dimensional Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Coti Zelati Michele , Glatt-Holtz Nathan , Trivisa Konstantina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the long-time behavior of solutions to a stochastically forced one-dimensional Navier–Stokes system, describing the motion of a compressible viscous fluid, in the case of linear pressure law. We prove existence of an invariant measure for the Markov process generated by strong solutions. We overcome the difficulties of working with non-Feller Markov semigroups on non-complete metric spaces by generalizing the classical Krylov–Bogoliubov method, and by providing suitable polynomial and exponential moment bounds on the solution, together with pathwise estimates.
Influence of Daily Variations in Individual Surgeon's Operative Time on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Meunier Etienne , Payet Cécile , Peix Jean‐Louis , Kraimps Jean‐Louis , Menegaux Fabrice , Pattou François , Sebag Fréderic , Lifante Jean Christophe , Duclos Antoine ,   the CATHY study group
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence is lacking regarding the potential association between daily variation in individual surgeon's operative time, procedure after procedure, and risk of patient complication. We assumed that surgeon deviation from the expected procedure duration may be harmful for patient.MethodAll patients who underwent a thyroidectomy undertaken in five hospitals during a 1‐year period were included prospectively. For each thyroidectomy, we estimated the expected operative time from a multilevel linear regression considering the attending surgeon who performed the operation, the patient preoperative risk, and the procedure complexity. Three groups of thyroidectomies were identified according to whether the observed duration is: slower than expected, as expected, or faster than expected. Rates of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism at 6 months were then compared between these groups.ResultsA total of 3102 patients who underwent a thyroidectomy undertaken by 22 surgeons were considered. Risk of laryngeal nerve palsy was higher in the “slow” group than in the “normal” group (OR = 4.63, 95% confidence interval 2.21–9.70), as was that of hypoparathyroidism (OR = 2.43, 95% confidence interval 1.21–4.88). There was no significant difference between “fast” and “normal” groups for either complication. Deviation from expected procedure duration was more frequent at the end than at the beginning of the daily operation schedule (29.4% vs. 18.3%, respectively, P < .001).ConclusionPatients had a greater risk of complication when the surgeon performed thyroidectomy slower than expected. Surgeons avoiding excessive deviations from their expected procedures durations reflect safer practice.
Herausforderung der Varianteninterpretation am Beispiel des Long-QT-Syndroms (LQTS)
Authors: Marschall Christoph , Moscu-Gregor Alexander , Rost Imma 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die „Next-generation Sequencing (NGS)“-Technologie ermöglicht es, alle bekannten LQTS-Gene in der Diagnostik parallel zu analysieren. Dies führt dazu, dass in zunehmendem Maße Varianten nachgewiesen werden, deren klinische Bedeutung unklar ist. Erschwerend macht sich hierbei bemerkbar, dass abgesehen von den drei gut beschriebenen Hauptgenen KCNQ1, KCNH2 und SCN5A, deren Varianten für ca. 70 % der Erkrankungsfälle verantwortlich sind, die Evidenz für eine ursächliche Beteiligung einiger „Nebengene“ nur mäßig oder umstritten ist. Um eine Flut unklarer Befunde zu vermeiden und die Notwendigkeit ausgedehnter familiärer Segregationsstudien zu begrenzen sowie Fehlinterpretationen vorzubeugen, sind eine fundierte Auswahl der zu analysierenden Gene sowie ein transparentes und allgemein anerkanntes System der Variantenklassifikation essenziell. Die ACMG-Richtlinien sind der derzeitige Konsens zur Klassifikation von Varianten. Allerdings zeigen sich bei der Anwendung Limitationen, sodass diese Richtlinien nur eine Basis darstellen, die durch differenziertere Systeme verbessert werden kann.
Bei den Bestrebungen nach einer personalisierten Medizin werden große Hoffnungen auf Genotyp-Phänotyp-Zusammenhänge gesetzt. In LQTS-Proteinen wurden einige funktionell relevante Regionen wie die Poren der Kalium- und Natriumkanäle, in denen Varianten tendenziell schwerwiegende Phänotypen hervorrufen, beschrieben. Darüber hinaus zeigen dominant-negative Varianten in der Regel stärkere Effekte als „loss-of-function“ (LoF)-Varianten. Dennoch ist eine differenzielle Therapie nur eingeschränkt möglich. Während Patienten mit Kaliumkanaldefekten mit β‑Blockern behandelt werden, profitieren Patienten mit „gain-of-function“ (GoF)-Varianten in SCN5A von Natriumkanalblockern.
Effectiveness of non-medical health worker-led counselling on psychological distress: a randomized controlled trial in rural Nepal
Authors: Markkula N. , Lehti V. , Adhikari P. , Peña S. , Heliste J. , Mikkonen E. , Rautanen M. , Salama E. , Guragain B. 
Published: July 2019

Background.An essential strategy to increase coverage of psychosocial treatments globally is task shifting to non-medical counsellors, but evidence on its effectiveness is still scarce. This study evaluates the effectiveness of lay psychosocial counselling among persons with psychological distress in a primary health care setting in rural Nepal.Methods.A parallel randomized controlled trial in Dang, rural Nepal (NCT03544450). Persons aged 16 and older attending primary care and with a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score of 6 or more were randomized (1:1) to receive either non-medical psychosocial counselling (PSY) or enhanced usual care (EUC). PSY was provided by lay persons with a 6-month training and consisted of 5-weekly counselling sessions of 35–60 min with a culturally adapted solution-focused approach. EUC was provided by trained primary health workers. Participants were followed up at 1 (T1) and 6 months (T2). The primary outcome, response to treatment, was the reduction of minimum 50% in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score.Results.A total of 141 participants, predominantly socially disadvantaged women, were randomized to receive PSY and 146 to EUC. In the PSY, 123 participants and 134 in the EUC were analysed. In PSY, 101 participants (81.4%) had a response compared with 57 participants (42.5%) in EUC [percentage difference 39.4% (95% CI 28.4–50.4)]. The difference in BDI scores at T2 between PSY and EUC was −7.43 (95% CI −9.71 to −5.14).Conclusions.Non-medical (lay) psychosocial counselling appears effective in reducing depressive symptoms, and its inclusion in mental health care should be considered in low-resource settings.
A Higher-Order Plate Element Formulation for Dynamic Analysis of Hyperelastic Silicone Plate
Authors: Xu Qiping , Liu Jinyang , Qu Lizheng 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMost of previous work for modeling and analyzing various traditional linear elastic materials concentrated on numerical simulations based on lower-order absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) plate element, in which linear interpolation in transverse direction is utilized and stiffening effect caused by volumetric locking occurs. Relatively little attention is paid to modeling hyperelastic incompressible materials with nonlinear effect and large deformation. In view of this, a higher-order plate element formulation with quadratic interpolation in transverse direction for static and dynamic analysis of incompressible hyperelastic silicone material plate is developed in this investigation. The use of higher-order plate element can not only alleviate volumetric locking, but also improve accuracy in simulating large bending deformation as compared to improved lower-order plate element with selective reduced integration method and originally proposed lower-order plate element. Subsequently, experimental investigation that captures free-falling motion of silicone cantilever plate and corresponding simulations are implemented, the results obtained using higher-order plate element are in excellent accordance with experimental data, whereas the results gained applying other two types of plate elements are distinguished from experimental data. Finally, it is concluded that the developed higher-order plate element formulation achieves approving precision and has superiority in simulating large deformation motion of hyperelastic silicone plate.
A NEW MINIMAL NON-σ-SCATTERED LINEAR ORDER
Authors: RAMANDI HOSSEIN LAMEI 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe will show it is consistent with GCH that there is a minimal non-σ-scattered linear order which does not contain any real or Aronszajn type. In particular the assumption PFA+ in the main result of [5] is necessary, and there are other obstructions than real and Aronszajn types to the sharpness of Laver’s theorem in [8].
Long-term vitamin D and high-dose n-3 fatty acids’ supplementation improve markers of cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with CHD
Authors: Talari Hamid Reza , Najafi Vahid , Raygan Fariba , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Ostadmohammadi Vahidreza , Amirani Elaheh , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Hajijafari Mohammad , Shafabakhash Rana , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and n-3 fatty acids’ co-supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic risk in diabetic patients with CHD. This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among sixty-one vitamin D-deficient diabetic patients with CHD. At baseline, the range of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in study participants was 6·3–19·9 ng/ml. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups either taking 50 000 IU vitamin D supplements every 2 weeks plus 2× 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil (n 30) or placebo (n 31) for 6 months. Vitamin D and n-3 fatty acids’ co-supplementation significantly reduced mean (P = 0·01) and maximum levels of left carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) (P = 0·004), and mean (P = 0·02) and maximum levels of right CIMT (P = 0·003) compared with the placebo. In addition, co-supplementation led to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (β −0·40 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·77, −0·03; P = 0·03), insulin (β −1·66 μIU/ml; 95 % CI −2·43, −0·89; P &lt; 0·001), insulin resistance (β −0·49; 95 % CI −0·72, −0·25; P &lt; 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (β −0·21 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·41, −0·01; P = 0·04), and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (β +0·008; 95 % CI 0·004, 0·01; P = 0·001) and HDL-cholesterol (β +0·09 mmol/l; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·17; P = 0·02) compared with the placebo. Additionally, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β −1·56 mg/l; 95 % CI −2·65, −0·48; P = 0·005) was reduced in the supplemented group compared with the placebo group. Overall, vitamin D and n-3 fatty acids’ co-supplementation had beneficial effects on markers of cardiometabolic risk.
Associations between sweet taste function, oral complex carbohydrate sensitivity, liking and consumption of ad libitum sweet and non-sweet carbohydrate milkshakes among female adults
Authors: Low Julia Y. Q. , Lacy Kathleen E. , McBride Robert L. , Keast Russell S. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExcess energy intake is recognised as a strong contributing factor to the global rise of being overweight and obese. The aim of this paper was to investigate if oral sensitivity to complex carbohydrate relates to ad libitum consumption of complex carbohydrate foods in a sample group of female adults. Participants’ ((n 51 females): age 23·0 (sd 0·6) years (range 20·0–41·0 years); excluding restrained eaters) sensitivity towards maltodextrin (oral complex carbohydrate) and glucose (sweet taste) was assessed by measuring detection threshold (DT) and suprathreshold intensity perception (ST). A crossover design was used to assess consumption of two different iso-energetic preload milkshakes and ad libitum milkshakes – (1) glucose-based milkshake, (2) maltodextrin-based milkshake. Ad libitum intake (primary outcome) and eating rate, liking, hunger, fullness and prospective consumption ratings were measured. Participants who were more sensitive towards complex carbohydrate (maltodextrin DT) consumed significantly more maltodextrin-based milkshake in comparison with less-sensitive participants (P = 0·01) and this was independent of liking. Participants who had higher liking for glucose-based milkshake consumed significantly more glucose-based milkshake in comparison with participants with lower hedonic ratings (P = 0·049). The results provide support regarding the role of the oral system sensitivity (potentially taste) to complex carbohydrate and the prospective to overconsume complex carbohydrate-based milkshake in a single sitting.
A Race to the Top? The Aid Transparency Index and the Social Power of Global Performance Indicators
Authors: Honig Dan , Weaver Catherine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies on global performance indicators (GPIs) reveal the distinct power that nonstate actors can accrue and exercise in world politics. How and when does this happen? Using a mixed-methods approach, we examine the impact of the Aid Transparency Index (ATI), an annual rating and rankings index produced by the small UK-based NGO Publish What You Fund. The ATI seeks to shape development aid donors' behavior with respect to their transparency—the quality and kind of information they publicly disclose. To investigate the ATI's effect, we construct an original panel data set of donor transparency performance before and after ATI inclusion (2006–2013) to test whether (and which) donors alter their behavior in response to inclusion in the ATI. To further probe the causal mechanisms that explain variations in donor behavior we use qualitative research, including over 150 key informant interviews conducted between 2010 and 2017. Our analysis uncovers the conditions under which the ATI influences powerful aid donors. Our mixed-methods evidence reveals how this happens. Consistent with Kelley and Simmons's central argument that GPIs exercise influence via social pressure, we find that the ATI shapes donor behavior primarily via direct effects on elites: the diffusion of professional norms, organizational learning, and peer pressure.
The blowfish effect: children and adults use atypical exemplars to infer more narrow categories during word learning
Authors: EMBERSON Lauren L. , LONCAR Nicole , MAZZEI Carolyn , TREVES Isaac , GOLDBERG Adele E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLearners preferentially interpret novel nouns at the basic level (‘dog’) rather than at a more narrow level (‘Labrador’). This ‘basic-level bias’ is mitigated by statistics: children and adults are more likely to interpret a novel noun at a more narrow label if they witness ‘a suspicious coincidence’ – the word applied to three exemplars of the same narrow category. Independent work has found that exemplar typicality influences learners’ inferences and category learning. We bring these lines of work together to investigate whether the content (typicality) of a single exemplar affects the level of interpretation of words and whether an atypicality effect interacts with input statistics. Results demonstrate that both four- to five-year-olds and adults tend to assign a narrower interpretation to a word if it is exemplified by an atypical category member. This atypicality effect is roughly as strong as, and independent of, the suspicious coincidence effect, which is replicated.
The effectiveness of hypertension management in China: a community-based intervention study
Authors: Zheng Xiaoguo , Xiao Feng , Li Ruili , Yin Delu , Xin Qianqian , Yang Huimin , Yin Tao , Wang Lihong , Chen Bowen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAim:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension management and analyse the factors associated with blood pressure reduction within China’s primary healthcare system.Background:Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global disease burden and is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In China, hypertension is a serious public health problem, but few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of hypertension management in China’s primary healthcare system.Methods:The study sites were 24 primary healthcare institutions, selected using multistage stratified random sampling method. In each institution, hypertension patients aged at least 35 years who agreed to participate and had no disabilities or mental health problems were enrolled for hypertension management. Participants received comprehensive interventions in the primary healthcare system via a team. After a one-year intervention, data from 6575 hypertension patients were analysed to check the effectiveness of hypertension management and examined factors associated with hypertension control.Findings:There was an overall mean reduction of 4.5 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.9 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The blood pressure reduction after one year was greater in rural patients than in urban patients, 6.6 mmHg versus 3.4 mmHg for SBP and 2.6 mmHg versus 1.6 mmHg for DBP, respectively. The hypertension control rate also increased more in rural areas (22.1%) than in urban areas (10.6%) after the one-year intervention. Age, body mass index, region and being in an urban area had a significant negative association with the reduction of SBP (P< 0.05). Education level and baseline SBP showed a significant positive association (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Community-based hypertension management by general practitioners was feasible and effective. The effectiveness of hypertension management in rural areas was greater than in urban areas. Intervention strategies should pay more attention to patients in rural areas and western China.
Role of laboratory services in primary health center (PHC) outpatient department performance: an Indian case study
Authors: Jain Rahi , Rao Bakul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground:In resource-constrained settings, primary health centers (PHCs) are critical for universal health coverage. Laboratory service is one of its important components. While PHC and its performance are focused, its laboratory service has been neglected in developing countries like India.Aim:To determine the role of different level of PHC laboratory services on the overall PHC performance.Methods:Cross-sectional study based on 42 PHCs of Osmanabad District, Maharashtra, India was performed. The study used levels of laboratory services in PHC as independent parameter and PHC outpatient department (OPD) visits per day (≤ 80 versus > 80) as dependent parameter. The control parameters used in the study were number of medical doctors, availability of laboratory technicians (LTs) and population coverage by PHC. Field visit was done to collect data on levels of laboratory services, but secondary source was used for other parameters. The logistic regression analysis was performed in study.Findings:The study found variation in PHC population coverage (10 788–74 702) and OPD visits per day (40–182) across PHC. Strong positive association was observed between levels of laboratory services and number of OPD visits per day in PHC. PHC offering both malaria and tuberculosis in-house testing had higher odds (4.81) of getting more OPDs (≥ 80 OPD visits per day) as compared to PHC not offering in-house testing facility for malaria and tuberculosis. This association was stronger in PHCs with lower population coverage (0–75 quartile) as compared to PHCs with higher population coverage (75–100 quartile).Conclusion:Focus on laboratory services is needed to enhance the existing PHCs performance. Skill-up gradation of existing LT could help in improving the contribution of the existing laboratories in PHC functioning.