bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Nerve Injury to the Lower Limb: Repair and Secondary Reconstruction
Authors: Thatte Mukund R. , Hiremath Amita , Goklani Mayur S. , Patel Neehar R. , Takwale Anupam B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article is based on literature review of relevant articles as well as the authors’ own experiences in treating peripheral nerve injuries of the lower limb. The article deals with causative factors of lower limb nerve injuries, various grading systems of the injuries, approaches to such injuries, and techniques to repair lower limb nerve injuries. It also enumerates several reasons to explain the poorer prognosis of peroneal nerve injuries and the possible distal nerve transfers in lower limb albeit with poorer outcomes.
Bacteria push the limits of chemotactic precision to navigate dynamic chemical gradients
Authors: Brumley Douglas R. , Carrara Francesco , Hein Andrew M. , Yawata Yutaka , Levin Simon A. , Stocker Roman 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The limited precision of sensory organs places fundamental constraints on organismal performance. An open question, however, is whether organisms are routinely pushed to these limits and how limits might influence interactions between populations of organisms and their environment. By combining a method to generate dynamic, replicable resource landscapes, high-speed tracking of freely moving bacteria, a mathematical theory, and agent-based simulations, we show that sensory noise ultimately limits when and where bacteria can detect and climb chemical gradients. Our results suggest that the typical chemical landscapes bacteria inhabit are dominated by noise that masks shallow gradients and that the spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial aggregations can be predicted by mapping the region where gradient signal rises above noise.
Crossing the bridge from molecular catalysis to a heterogenous electrode in electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Wu Lei , Nayak Animesh , Shao Jing , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Artificial photosynthesis by the preparation of solar fuels is a promising strategy for our energy future. An inhibiting factor in artificial photosynthesis is the half-reaction for water oxidation, which, because of its slow kinetics, makes catalysis indispensable. Advances in molecular water oxidation catalysis from detailed mechanistic investigations have provided insight into how this reaction occurs, but in practical applications, including electrolytic cells and dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells, it must be applied on conductive substrates. We describe here an efficient strategy that combines silane surface functionalization and reductive electropolymerization to bind a molecular catalyst on conductive substrates for sustained catalytic water oxidation.
Human nonvisual opsin 3 regulates pigmentation of epidermal melanocytes through functional interaction with melanocortin 1 receptor
Authors: Ozdeslik Rana N. , Olinski Lauren E. , Trieu Melissa M. , Oprian Daniel D. , Oancea Elena 
Published: May 2019

Significance
This study expands understanding of opsin 3 (OPN3) function and of skin pigmentation. The findings presented here reveal that the nonvisual OPN3 modulates the pigmentation of human epidermal melanocytes—the melanin-producing cells of the skin—by controlling the activity of the main pigmentation receptor, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). The study identifies an OPN3 function in regulating human skin pigmentation via a unique molecular mechanism; it also reveals a regulatory mechanism for MC1R in melanocytes. These results advance our understanding of nonvisual opsins and their extraocular role; they also represent a paradigm for OPN3 function via modulation of MC1R’s activity. These findings set the stage for future investigations of OPN3 function in other tissues.
A critical assessment of the wicked problem concept: relevance and usefulness for policy science and practice
Authors: Termeer Catrien J A M , Dewulf Art , Biesbroek Robbert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The concept of wicked problems has served as an inspiration for research in a variety of research fields but has also contributed to conceptual confusion through the various ways in which it has been defined and used. In this special issue, a number of ontological, theoretical and methodological issues are discussed. First, while its use as a buzzword has undermined precise conceptual definition, recent work goes beyond the wicked versus tame dichotomy and conceptualizes wickedness as a matter of degree, differentiates between dimensions of wickedness and emphasizes the relational character of problem definitions. Second, new and existing governance approaches have often been unproblematically proposed as ways to solve wicked problems, while only imperfect solutions, partial solutions or small wins are achievable in practice. Third, the concept of wicked problems has had little direct impact on policy theories, and while some argue that the analysis of wicked problems should be mainstreamed in public policy thinking, others propose to reject the concept and rely on existing policy theories. Fourth, as a concept used in policy practice, wicked problems tend to provoke either paralysis or an overestimation of what policy can do about wicked problems. Possible ways forward include (1) leaving the concept behind; (2) using the wicked problems literature as knowledge base to understand when and why policy and governance approaches fail; and (3) developing dimensions of wicked problems (i.e. conflict, complexity and uncertainty) into more analytically precise research tools and linking them with more closely with contemporary policy science developments.
Long-Time Asymptotics for the Nonlocal MKdV Equation*
Authors: He Feng-Jing , Fan En-Gui , Xu Jian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem with decaying initial data for the nonlocal modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (nonlocal mKdV) qt(x, t) + qxxx(x,t) −6q(x, t)q(−x, −t)qx (x, t) = 0, which can be viewed as a generalization of the local classical mKdV equation. We first formulate the Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the Cauchy problem of the nonlocal mKdV equation. Then we apply the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method to analyze the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the nonlocal mKdV equation. In contrast with the classical mKdV equation, we find some new and different results on long-time asymptotics for the nonlocal mKdV equation and some additional assumptions about the scattering data are made in our main results.
Residual Symmetry of the Alice-Bob Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation*
Authors: Hu Ya-Hong , Ma Zheng-Yi , Chen Li 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Starting from the truncated Painlevé expansion, the residual symmetry of the Alice-Bob modified Korteweg-de Vries (AB-mKdV) equation is derived. The residual symmetry is localized and the AB-mKdV equation is transformed into an enlarged system by introducing one new variable. Based on Lie’s first theorem, the finite transformation is obtained from the localized residual symmetry. Further, considering the linear superposition of multiple residual symmetries gives rises to N-th Bäcklund transformation in the form of the determinant. Moreover, the
Ps

Td

(the shifted parity and delayed time reversal) symmetric exact solutions (including invariant solution, breaking solution and breaking interaction solution) of AB-mKdV equation are presented and two classes of interaction solutions are depicted by using the particular functions with numerical simulation.
Numerical Simulation of MHD Peristaltic Flow with Variable Electrical Conductivity and Joule Dissipation Using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Ali Zafar , Wakif Abderrahim , Boulahia Zoubair 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In this paper, the MHD peristaltic flow inside wavy walls of an asymmetric channel is investigated, where the walls of the channel are moving with peristaltic wave velocity along the channel length. During this investigation, the electrical conductivity both in Lorentz force and Joule heating is taken to be temperature dependent. Also, the long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions are utilized to reduce the governing partial differential equations into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The new set of obtained equations is then numerically solved using the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). This is the first attempt to solve the nonlinear equations arising in the peristaltic flows using this method in combination with the Newton-Raphson technique. Moreover, in order to check the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, our results are compared with the results of built-in Mathematica command NDSolve. Taking Joule heating and viscous dissipation into account, the effects of various parameters appearing in the problem are used to discuss the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer in the electrically conducting fluids graphically. In presence of variable electrical conductivity, velocity and temperature profiles are highly decreasing in nature when the intensity of the electrical conductivity parameter is strengthened.
A Universal Construction of Calogero-Moser System with Two Types Spins Interaction
Authors: Dai Jia-Liang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We present universal construction for the Calogero-Moser system with two types spins interaction of trigonometric potential based on the root system of semi-simple Lie algebra. In this formalism, we successfully build up the correct Lax pair as well as the R-matrix for this generalized Calogero-Moser models. Moreover using the property of root system, we make a concise explanation that in the quantized model, the R-matrix takes the same form as the classical one, which is the main new result of this paper.
Tighter Constraints of Multiqubit Entanglement*
Authors: Yang Long-Mei , Chen Bin , Fei Shao-Ming , Wang Zhi-Xi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the distributions of entanglement in multipartite systems. We provide classes of monogamy and polygamy inequalities of multiqubit entanglement in terms of concurrence, entanglement of formation, negativity, Tsallis-q entanglement, and Rényi-α entanglement, respectively. We show that these inequalities are tighter than the existing ones for some classes of quantum states.
Dynamics of Quantum Coherence in Bell-Diagonal States under Markovian Channels*
Authors: Wang Yao-Kun , Fei Shao-Ming , Wang Zhi-Xi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We study the curves of coherence for the Bell-diagonal states including l1-norm of coherence and relative entropy of coherence under the Markovian channels in the first subsystem once. For a special Bell-diagonal state under bit-phase ip channel, we find frozen coherence under l1 norm occurs, but relative entropy of coherence decrease. It illustrates that the occurrence of frozen coherence depends on the type of the measure of coherence. Also, we study the coherence evolution of Bell-diagonal states under Markovian channels in the first subsystem n times and find that coherence under depolarizing channel decreases initially then increases for small n and tends to zero for large n. The dynamics of coherence of the Bell-diagonal state under two independent same type local Markovian channels is discussed.
General way to define tunneling time*
Authors: Shu Zheng , Hao Xiaolei , Li Weidong , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
With the development of attosecond science, tunneling time can now be measured experimentally with the attoclock technique. However, there are many different theoretical definitions of tunneling time and no consensus has been achieved. Here, we bridge the relationship between different definitions of tunneling time based on a quantum travel time in one-dimensional rectangular barrier tunneling problem. We find that the real quantum travel time t
Re is equal to the Bohmian time t
Bohmian, which is related to the resonance lifetime of a bound state. The total quantum travel time τ
t can perfectly retrieve the transversal time t

x
and the Büttiker–Landauer time τ
BL in two opposite limits, regardless of the particle energy.
Dynamics of two levitated nanospheres nonlinearly coupling with non-Markovian environment*
Authors: Li Xun , Xiong Biao , Chao Shilei , Jin Jiasen , Zhou Ling 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The dynamics of two nanospheres nonlinearly coupling with non-Markovian reservoir is investigated. A master equation of the two nanospheres is derived by employing quantum state diffusion method. It is shown that the nonlinear coupling can improve the non-Markovianity. Due to the sharing of the common non-Markovian environment, the state transfer between the two nanospheres can be realized. The entanglement and the squeezing of the individual mode, as well as the jointed two-mode are analyzed. The present system can be realized by trapping two nanospheres in a wideband cavity, which might provide a method to study adjustable non-Markovian dynamics of mechanical motion.
Unifying quantum heat transfer and superradiant signature in a nonequilibrium collective-qubit system: A polaron-transformed Redfield approach*
Authors: Chen Xu-Min , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigate full counting statistics of quantum heat transfer in a collective-qubit system constructed by multi-qubits interacting with two thermal baths. The nonequilibrium polaron-transformed Redfield approach embedded with an auxiliary counting field is applied to obtain the steady state heat current and fluctuations, which enables us to study the impact of the qubit–bath interaction in a wide regime. The heat current, current noise, and skewness are all found to clearly unify the limiting results in the weak and strong couplings. Moreover, the superradiant heat transfer is clarified as a system-size-dependent effect, and large number of qubits dramatically suppress the nonequilibrium superradiant signature.
Isotope effect and Coriolis coupling effect for the Li + H(D)Cl

→

LiCl + H(D) reaction*
Authors: Zhai Hongsheng , Liang Guanglei , Ding Junxia , Liu Yufang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A time-dependent quantum wave packet method is used to investigate the dynamics of the Li+ H(D)Cl reaction based on a new potential energy surface (J. Chem. Phys.
146 164305 (2017)). The reaction probabilities of the Coriolis coupled (CC) and centrifugal sudden (CS) calculations, the integral cross sections, the reaction rate constants are obtained. The rate constants of the Li+ HCl reaction are within the error bounds at low temperature. A comparison of the CC and CS results reveals that the Coriolis coupling plays an important role in the Li+ H(D)Cl reaction. The CC cross sections are larger than the CS results within the entire energy range, demonstrating that the Coriolis coupling effect can more effectively promote the Li+ DCl reaction than the Li+ HCl reaction. It is found that the isotope effect has a great influence on the title reaction.
Generation of high-energy-resolved NH3 molecular beam by a Stark decelerator with 179 stages*
Authors: Wei Bin , Hou Shunyong , Guo Hengjiao , Ji Yabing , Li Shengqiang , Yin Jianping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate the production of cold, slow NH3 molecules from a supersonic NH3 molecular beam using our electrostatic Stark decelerator consisting of 179 slowing stages. By using this long Stark decelerator, a supersonic NH3 molecular beam can be easily decelerated to trappable velocities. Here we present two modes for operating the Stark decelerator to slow the supersonic NH3 molecules. The first is the normal mode, where all 179 stages are used to decelerate molecules, and it allows decelerating the NH3 molecular beam from 333 m/s to 18 m/s, with a final temperature of 29.2 mK. The second is the deceleration-bunch mode, which allows us to decelerate the supersonic NH3 beam from 333 m/s to 24 m/s, with a final temperature of 2.9 mK. It is clear that the second mode promises to produce colder (high-energy-resolution) molecular samples than the normal mode. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations are also performed for the experiments and they show a good agreement with the observed results. The deceleration-bunch operation mode presented here can find applications in the fields of cold collisions, high-resolution spectroscopy, and precision measurements.
Loss induced negative refraction and super-prism effect at highly absorptive interface*
Authors: Wu Jian , Wang Tao , Hou Tianyue , Kan Xuefen , Yin Cheng , Zhou Pu , Cao Zhuangqi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is well-established that waves are inhomogeneous in a lossy isotropic medium, and the validation of the classical Snell's law is still questionable for light refraction at the dissipative and dispersive interface. With high absorption, direct experimental investigation is rather difficult due to the extremely short penetration depth; i.e., the skin depth. In this paper, a simple and unified description of this issue is proposed, which can be applied to both materials with anomalous dispersion and in the Drude region. The gradient

∇

k

ω

is found to be incident angle θ
i-dependent, and the direction of the group velocity may deviate significantly from the phase velocity due to the loss induced permittivity structure. The physics behind the negative refraction effect is explained, and a novel loss induced super-prism effect is also predicted.
High power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser at repetition rate of 3.2 GHz*
Authors: Cheng Meng-Yao , Wang Zhao-Hua , Cao Yan-Fang , Meng Xiang-Hao , Zhu Jiang-Feng , Wang Jun-Li , Wei Zhi-Yi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A compact high power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with high repetition rate is realized. Using an Nd:YVO4 crystal and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) in the oscillator, the picosecond pulse output with an average power of 1.38 W, a repetition rate of 3.24 GHz, and a pulse duration of 11.4 ps is achieved. After one stage of amplification, the final output power reaches 11.34 W, corresponding to a total optical-to-optical efficiency of about 32%. The root mean square (RMS) value of power fluctuation is demonstrated to be less than 0.6% in 24 hours, showing a superior stability with the compact configuration.
Structural and electrical properties of Ga–Te systems under high pressure*
Authors: Wang Youchun , Tian Fubo , Li Da , Duan Defang , Xie Hui , Liu Bingbing , Zhou Qiang , Cui Tian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
First-principles evolutionary calculation was performed to search for all probable stable Ga–Te compounds at extreme pressure. In addition to the well-known structures of P63/mmc and Fm-3m GaTe and I4/m Ga2Te5, several new structures were uncovered at high pressure, namely, orthorhombic I4/mmm GaTe2 and monoclinic C2/m GaTe3, and all the Ga–Te structures stabilize up to a maximum pressure of 80 GPa. The calculation of the electronic energy band indicated that the high-pressure phases of the Ga–Te system are metallic, whereas the low-pressure phases are semiconductors. The electronic localization functions (ELFs) of the Ga–Te system were also calculated to explore the bond characteristics. The results showed that a covalent bond is formed at low pressure, however, this bond disappears at high pressure, and an ionic bond is formed at extreme pressure.
Surface stabilized cubic phase of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 at room temperature*
Authors: Yang Feng , Wang Cong , Pan Yuhao , Zhou Xieyu , Kong Xianghua , Ji Wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskites CsPbX
3 (X = I, Br) have attracted tremendous attention in solar cell applications. However, the bulk form of the cubic phase CsPbX
3, which offers moderate direct bandgaps, is metastable at room temperature and tends to transform into a tetragonal or orthorhombic phase. Here, our density functional theory calculation results found that the surface energies of the cubic phase are smaller than those of the orthorhombic phase, although the bulk counterpart of the cubic phase is less stable than that of the orthorhombic phase. These results suggest a surface stabilization strategy to maintain the stability of the cubic phase at room temperature that an enlarged portion of surfaces shall change the relative stability of the two phases in nanostructured CsPbX
3. This strategy, which may potentially solve the long-standing stability issue of cubic CsPbX
3, was demonstrated to be feasible by our calculations in zero-, one-, and two-dimensional nanostructures. In particular, confined sizes from few to tens of nanometers could keep the cubic phase as the most thermally favored form at room temperature. Our predicted values in particular cases, such as the zero-dimensional form of CsPbI3, are highly consistent with experimental values, suggesting that our model is reasonable and our results are reliable. These predicted critical sizes give the upper and lower limits of the confined sizes, which may guide experimentalists to synthesize these nanostructures and promote likely practical applications such as solar cells and flexible displays using CsPbX
3 nanostructures.
Spatiotemporal Bloch states of a spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice*
Authors: Wei Ya-Wen , Kong Chao , Hai Wen-Hua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study the spatiotemporal Bloch states of a high-frequency driven two-component Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in an optical lattice. By adopting the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and applying an exact trial-solution to the corresponding quasistationary system, we establish a different method for tuning SOC via external field such that the existence conditions of the exact particular solutions are fitted. Several novel features related to the exact states are demonstrated; for example, SOC leads to spin–motion entanglement for the spatiotemporal Bloch states, SOC increases the population imbalance of the two-component BEC, and SOC can be applied to manipulate the stable atomic flow which is conducive to control quantum transport of the BEC for different application purposes.
Epitaxial fabrication of two-dimensional TiTe2 monolayer on Au(111) substrate with Te as buffer layer*
Authors: Song Zhipeng , Lei Bao , Cao Yun , Qi Jing , Peng Hao , Wang Qin , Huang Li , Lu Hongliang , Lin Xiao , Wang Ye-Liang , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a platform to exploit the novel physical properties of functional nanodevices. Here, we report on the formation of a new 2D layered material, a well-ordered monolayer TiTe2, on a Au(111) surface by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) measurements of the samples indicate that the TiTe2 film forms

(

3

×

7

)

superlattice with respect to the Au(111) substrate, which has three different orientations. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements clearly show three ordered domains consistent with the LEED patterns. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the formation of 2H-TiTe2 monolayer on the Au(111) surface with Te as buffer layer. The fabrication of this 2D layered heterostructure expands 2D material database, which may bring new physical properties for future applications.