bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of collision detection and avoidance methods for urban air mobility through simulation
Authors: Panchal Isha , Armanini Sophie F. , Metz Isabel C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUrban Air Mobility is a new concept of regional aviation that has been growing in popularity as a solution to the issue of ever-increasing ground traffic. Electric vehicles with vertical take-off and landing capabilities are developed by numerous market companies as a result of the push toward environmentally sustainable aviation. The next stage in this development process would be to define the concept of operation of these conceptual aircraft and then to integrate them with the existing airspace once they are airborne. In addition to coordinating with conventional air traffic and other Urban Air Mobility vehicles, collision avoidance with uncooperative airspace users has to be addressed. Birds and drones of all sizes pose a serious risk to these low-flying aircraft. Innovative collision detection and avoidance techniques need to be employed due to the non-cooperative nature of these airspace users and different performance characteristics of Urban Air Mobility vehicles compared to classical fixed-wing aircraft. The aim of this study is to evaluate the concept of one such system by means of fast-time simulations. This system builds, similarly to the Airborne Collision Avoidance System, on safety envelopes and rule-based collision avoidance to prevent collisions with non-cooperative airspace members. The system is designed to work with all aircraft configurations used for Urban Air Mobility operations. To assess its influence on safety and capacity, different scenarios are modeled by varying parameters, such as intruder type, location, flight path. The parameters assessed are differences in flight time and closest point of approach with and without the collision avoidance system in place. Moreover, the influence of different configurations of Urban Air Mobility aircraft on these parameters is analyzed. The results show that the separation between the ownship and intruder is increased substantially which leads to safe operations at bearable delay costs.
CsLAC4, regulated by CsmiR397a, confers drought tolerance to the tea plant by enhancing lignin biosynthesis
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Xia Linxuan , Li Jingshan , Jia Xiaoyu , Jia Xinyue , Qi Yuying , Yu Youben , Wang Weidong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrought is a prevalent abiotic stress that commonly affects the quality and yield of tea. Although numerous studies have shown that lignin accumulation holds significant importance in conferring drought tolerance to tea plants, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms governing the tea plant's response to drought remain largely elusive. LACCASEs (LACs), which belong to the class of plant copper-containing polyphenol oxidases, have been widely reported to participate in lignin biosynthesis in plants and are implicated in numerous plant life processes, especially in the context of adverse conditions. In this study, we detected the upregulation of CsLAC4 in response to drought induction. Remarkably, the overexpression of CsLAC4 not only substantially increased the lignin content of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana but also simulated the development of vascular tissues, consequently leading to a significant enhancement in drought tolerance. Moreover, via dual-luciferase assays and transient overexpression in tea leaves, we revealed that CsLAC4 was negatively regulated by the upstream CsmiR397a. Interestingly, the expression of CsmiR397a was downregulated during drought stress in tea plants. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing CsmiR397a showed increased sensitivity to drought stress. By transient overexpression of CsmiR397a and CsLAC4 in tea plant leaves, we verified that CsLAC4, which is regulated by CsmiR397a, conferred drought tolerance to tea plants by enhancing lignin biosynthesis. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of tea plants to drought stress.
Impact of Clinical Trial Enrollment on Thrombolysis Workflow in a Mobile Stroke Unit: Results from the AcT Trial
Authors: Chaggar Gurpreet , Pahwa Arth , Buck Brian H. , Jeerakathil Thomas , Shuaib Ashfaq , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Swartz Richard , Butt Asif , Catanese Luciana , Singh Nishita , Tkach Aleksander , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Menon Bijoy K. , Kate Mahesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Edmonton-based mobile stroke unit (MSU), which transports patients to the University of Alberta Hospital (UAH), enrolled patients in the Intravenous Tenecteplase Compared with Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke (AcT) trial. We examined the feasibility of trial enrollment in MSU, its impact on acute stroke workflow metrics and functional outcomes at 90–120 days.

Methods:
In this post hoc analysis, patients were divided into three groups based on enrollment site: MSU (n = 43), UAH (n = 273) and non-UAH (n = 1261). All patients were enrolled with a deferred consent process. The primary outcome for this analysis was the feasibility of enrollment defined as the proportion of patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) during the study period who were enrolled in the trial. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the adjusted effect of the study groups on acute stroke workflow metrics and functional outcomes at 90–120 days.

Results:
100% of eligible IVT-treated patients in the MSU during the study period were enrolled in the AcT trial. Covariate-adjusted linear regression showed shorter door-to-needle (17.2 [9.7–24.6] min) and CT-to-needle (10.7 [4.2–17.1] min) times in the MSU compared to UAH and non-UAH sites. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with an excellent functional outcome (mRS 0–1) at 90–120 days or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at 24 hours between groups.

Conclusions:
Enrollment in the AcT trial from the MSU was feasible. MSU-enrolled patients demonstrated faster door-to-needle and CT-to-needle times, resulting in earlier IVT administration and similar rates of symptomatic ICH.
The Nutrition Society Satellite Symposium, Nutrition Congress: workplace diet and health
Authors: Gibson Rachel , Rogerson Georgia A. F. , Theobald Hannah E. , Alawfi Jumanah S. , Philippou Elena , David Deborah , Sum Kiu , Durrant Louise R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The workplace is a key environmental determinant of health and well-being. Food choices can be influenced by several workplace-related factors including, but not limited to, working hours, the workplace food environment, job roles and workplace culture. Therefore, the workplace is increasingly viewed as an important place for public health nutrition interventions. However, research in this area is fragmented and heterogeneous due to the wide range of workplace settings and occupational groups. This editorial summarises the research presented at The Nutrition Society Workplace Diet and Health Special Interest Group Satellite Symposium in July 2024 as part of the inaugural Nutrition Society Congress.
Measles and rubella seroprevalence in adults using residual blood samples from health facilities and household serosurveys in Palghar District, Maharashtra, India, 2018 – 2019
Authors: Prosperi Christine , Hasan Alvira Z. , Winter Amy K. , Chaaithanya Itta Krishna , Salvi Neha R. , Chauhan Sanjay L. , Kulkarni Ragini N. , Lachyan Abhishek , Gawali Poonam , Kapoor Mitali , Bhatt Vaishali , Kaduskar Ojas , Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Esteban Ignacio , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , Kumar Velusamy Saravana , Truelove Shaun A. , Kumar Muthusamy Santhosh , Thangaraj Jeromie W. Vivian , Sangal Lucky , Mehendale Sanjay M. , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Gupta Nivedita , Hayford Kyla , Moss William J. , Murhekar Manoj V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Residual blood specimens collected at health facilities may be a source of samples for serosurveys of adults, a population often neglected in community-based serosurveys. Anonymized residual blood specimens were collected from individuals 15 – 49 years of age attending two sub-district hospitals in Palghar District, Maharashtra, from November 2018 to March 2019. Specimens also were collected from women 15 – 49 years of age enrolled in a cross-sectional, community-based serosurvey representative at the district level that was conducted 2 – 7 months after the residual specimen collection. Specimens were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses. Measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates using facility-based specimens were 99% and 92%, respectively, with men having significantly lower rubella seropositivity than women. Age-specific measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates were similar between the two specimen sources. Although measles seropositivity was slightly higher among adults attending the facilities, both facility and community measles seroprevalence estimates were 95% or higher. The similarity in measles and rubella seroprevalence estimates between the community-based and facility serosurveys highlights the potential value of residual specimens to approximate community seroprevalence.
Executive functioning as a prospective moderator of the relations between maltreatment in childhood and externalizing symptoms and wellbeing from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Jakubovic Rafaella J. , Drabick Deborah A. G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although childhood maltreatment is associated with externalizing symptoms, not all individuals with these experiences develop externalizing behaviors and some exhibit positive adjustment. To address this multifinality, we used latent growth curve modeling to identify trajectories of (a) externalizing symptoms and (b) subjective wellbeing from late adolescence through young adulthood, determine whether types of childhood maltreatment and domains of executive functioning (EF) are associated with initial levels and growth (slopes) of externalizing symptoms or subjective wellbeing, and investigate whether EF moderates these relations. Participants were youth recruited at ages 10–12 (N = 775; 69% male, 31% female; 76% White, 21% Black/African American, 3% multiracial). We examined EF at ages 10–12, childhood maltreatment reported retrospectively at age 25, and externalizing symptoms and subjective wellbeing at multiple points between ages 16 and 28. Experience of childhood maltreatment and certain EF domains were associated with externalizing symptoms and subjective wellbeing at age 16. EF domains were associated with rate of change in externalizing problems, though not in expected directions. EF variables moderated the relation between maltreatment and initial levels of both outcomes and change in externalizing symptoms. Findings have implications for intervention efforts to mitigate externalizing problems and bolster positive adjustment.
Twelve days in the career of a China missionary: Timothy Richard at the Protestant Conference in Shanghai in 1890
Authors: Kwong Luke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article proposes to examine an obscure episode in the long career of the well-known Welsh Baptist missionary Timothy Richard, who went to China in 1870 and spent most of the next 45 years there. Richard attended the second general Protestant Missionary Conference in Shanghai in 1890 and served on committees, spoke at meetings, and presented a paper. The information available, though scanty, confirms key components of his approach to mission at this time: his goal was to achieve Chinese ‘salvation’ by promoting the principles and practices of what might be broadly termed ‘Christian civilisation’; his means of propagation was the written word; his preferred point of entry was contact with members of China's ‘ruling’ or ‘governing’ classes. In response to his call for action against anti-Christian, anti-Church propaganda, the conference appointed a permanent committee, with Richard as chair, to present an address on the ‘missionary question’ to the Qing government. It was this project that took him to Beijing in 1895, where he met with court officials and members of the educated elite, and established connections that involved him, rather haphazardly, in court politics in 1898. The sequence of events sheds light on an intriguing aspect of Sino–foreign relations during the late Qing period.
Multi‐Scale Interactions Associated With Two Offshore Rainfall Events Near the West Coast of Sumatra
Authors: Stoddard Johnathan , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the offshore propagation of precipitation off the west coast of Sumatra on February 1 and 4, 2018, focusing on specific events to complement previous studies on seasonality. We use ERA5, MERRA–2, IMERG, Padang radar data, and cloud‐permitting scale simulations with WRF‐ARW V4.1.3 to understand the roles of the land breeze, gravity waves, and convective outflow in these two events. On February 1, convection organizes north of Padang and propagates approximately 100 km offshore. On February 4, a multicellular system organizes south of Padang and travels over 150 km offshore. Large‐scale environmental conditions reveal stronger westerly winds from the Indian Ocean on February 1 and strong northeasterly winds from the South China Sea on February 4. Both events occur in regions with high surface humidity and weak 900 mb winds along the coastline. WRF simulations show that on February 1, the sea breeze uniformly transitions to a land breeze, while on February 4, it forms chaotically. Convective outflow enhances offshore precipitation by interacting with the land breeze, creating additional convergence zones and intensifying convection. Gravity waves played a minor role, contributing to atmospheric instability. The results of this study conclude that offshore‐moving convection is primarily driven by the land breeze and convective outflow, with gravity waves playing a minor role. The land breeze initiates convection, while the convective outflow enhances and sustains offshore propagation by creating additional convergence zones and intensifying convection. Moisture advection precedes nocturnal propagation, increasing atmospheric instability and creating favorable conditions for nighttime offshore precipitation.
Systematic Regional Aerosol Perturbations (SyRAP) in Asia Using the Intermediate‐Resolution Global Climate Model FORTE2
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Joshi Manoj , Wilcox Laura J. , Gollop Amee , Samset Bjørn H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEmissions of anthropogenic aerosols are rapidly changing, in amounts, composition and geographical distribution. In East and South Asia in particular, strong aerosol trends combined with high population densities imply high potential vulnerability to climate change. Improved knowledge of how near‐term climate and weather influences these changes is urgently needed, to allow for better‐informed adaptation strategies. To understand and decompose the local and remote climate impacts of regional aerosol emission changes, we perform a set of Systematic Regional Aerosol Perturbations (SyRAP) using the reduced‐complexity climate model FORTE 2.0 (FORTE2). Absorbing and scattering aerosols are perturbed separately, over East Asia and South Asia, to assess their distinct influences on climate. In this paper, we first present an updated version of FORTE2, which includes treatment of aerosol‐cloud interactions. We then document and validate the local responses over a range of parameters, showing for instance that removing emissions of absorbing aerosols over both East Asia and South Asia is projected to cause a local drying, alongside a range of more widespread effects. We find that SyRAP‐FORTE2 is able to reproduce the responses to Asian aerosol changes documented in the literature, and that it can help us decompose regional climate impacts of aerosols from the two regions. Finally, we show how SyRAP‐FORTE2 has regionally linear responses in temperature and precipitation and can be used as input to emulators and tunable simple climate models, and as a ready‐made tool for projecting the local and remote effects of near‐term changes in Asian aerosol emissions.
Kinetic Isotopic Degassing of CO2 During the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Eruption and the δ13C Signature of the Icelandic Mantle
Authors: Moussallam Yves , Rose‐Koga Estelle F. , Fischer Tobias P. , Georgeais Guillaume , Lee Hyun Joo , Birnbaum Janine , Pfeffer Melissa A. , Barnie Talfan , Regis Edouard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCO2 is the first volatile to exsolve in magmatic systems and plays a crucial role in driving magma ascent and volcanic eruptions. Carbon stable isotopes serve as valuable tracers for understanding the transfer of CO2 from the melt to the gas phase during passive degassing or active eruptions. In this study, we present δ13C measurements from the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, obtained from (a) volcanic gases emitted during the eruption and collected via unmanned aerial systems (UAS), and (b) a series of mineral‐hosted melt inclusions from the corresponding tephra deposits. These data sets jointly track the carbon isotopic evolution of the melt and gas phases during the last 10 km of magma ascent. The isotopic evolution of both phases indicates that kinetic degassing, a process previously only identified in mid‐ocean ridge basalts, took place in the 10 to 1 km depth range, followed by equilibrium degassing at near‐surface conditions in the last kilometer. Postulating that the melt was first saturated with CO2 at 27 km depth and that degassing from then to 10 km depth took place via equilibrium isotopic fractionation, the melt inclusion data constrain the initial δ13C signature of the Icelandic mantle to −6.5 ± 2.5‰ but also show indications of possible isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle source.
Observed Climatology and Formation Mechanisms of Sea Fog Along the Trans‐Arctic Shipping Routes
Authors: Song Shutong , Chen Xianyao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs Arctic sea ice rapidly melts, trans‐Arctic shipping routes are emerging with significant economic value and potentially reshaping global shipping patterns. The safety of ships navigating along these routes will be severely threatened by low visibility caused by Arctic sea fog. Here, we utilize ship and coastal site observations spanning 1979–2023 to investigate the climatological features and mechanisms of Arctic sea fog from June to September. We find that the Northern Sea Route (NSR, along the Russian coast) experiences a mean fog frequency of 20.0%, significantly higher than the 11.5% fog frequency observed along the Northwest Passage (NWP, along the Canadian coast). Fog frequency shows null correlation with sea ice but a strong negative correlation (−0.80) with surface air temperature. The lower mean surface air temperature in the NSR region enhances relative humidity and atmospheric stability, which are conducive to fog formation and maintenance. We further reveal that fog formation mechanisms differ between the NSR and NWP. Along the NSR, fog is usually advection fog, associated with upper boundary layer warming and moistening; in contrast, along the NWP, fog is typically radiation fog linked to near‐surface cooling. Our study highlights the distinct fog frequency and dominant mechanisms along the different trans‐Arctic shipping routes, thereby establishing observed reference for the model validation of simulating Arctic sea fog.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Ruh H. L. , Zechmeister M. , Reiners A. , Nagel E. , Shan Y. , Cifuentes C. , Jeffers S. V. , Tal-Or L. , Béjar V. J. S. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Ribas I. , Aceituno J. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Kaminski A. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Varas R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Radial velocity (RV) jitter represents an intrinsic limitation on the precision of Doppler searches for exoplanets that can originate from both instrumental and astrophysical sources.
Aims. We aim to determine the RV jitter floor in M dwarfs and investigate the stellar properties that lead to RV jitter induced by stellar activity.
Methods. We determined the RV jitter in 239 M dwarfs from the CARMENES survey that are predominantly of mid to late spectral type and solar metallicity. We also investigated the correlation between stellar rotation and magnetic fields with RV jitter.
Results. The median jitter in the CARMENES sample is 3.1 m s−1, and it is 2.3 m s−1 for stars with an upper limit of 2 km s−1 on their projected rotation velocities. We provide a relation between the stellar equatorial rotation velocity and RV jitter in M dwarfs based on a subsample of 129 well-characterized CARMENES stars. RV jitter induced by stellar rotation dominates for stars with equatorial rotation velocities greater than 1 km s−1. A jitter floor of 2 m s−1 dominates in stars with equatorial rotation velocities below 1 km s−1. This jitter floor likely contains contributions from stellar jitter, instrumental jitter, and undetected companions. We study the impact of the average magnetic field and the distributions of magnetic filling factors on the RV jitter. We find a series of stars with excess RV jitter and distinctive distributions of magnetic filling factors. These stars are characterized by a dominant magnetic field component between 2 to 4 kG.
Conclusions. An RV jitter floor can be distinguished from RV jitter induced by activity and rotation based on the stellar equatorial rotation velocity. RV jitter induced by activity and rotation primarily depends on the equatorial rotation velocity. This RV jitter is also related to the distribution of magnetic filling factors, and this emphasizes the role of the magnetic field in the generation of RV jitter.
Besonderheiten und Fallstricke bei der Beschallung der
hirnversorgenden Gefäße – Teil 3
Authors: Böhme Frank 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie doppler-/duplexsonografische Untersuchung der hirnversorgenden Gefäße ist
neben den Methoden CT-/MRT-Angiografie eine qualitativ hochwertige Diagnostik,
v. a. im Zusammenspiel mit den eben genannten bildgebenden Verfahren. Die
Aussagekraft und Qualität einer Ultraschalldiagnostik hängt im Wesentlichen von
den technischen Voraussetzungen und persönlichen Fähigkeiten ab und v. a. von
der zur Verfügung stehenden Untersuchungszeit. In dieser Artikelserie werden
Ihnen Besonderheiten und Fallstricke erläutert und Lösungsansätze angeboten.
Test particles in Kaluza–Klein models
Authors: Baptista João 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geodesics in general relativity describe the behaviour of test particles in a gravitational field. In 5D Kaluza–Klein, geodesics reproduce the Lorentz force motion of particles in an electromagnetic field. This paper studies geodesic motion on a higher-dimensional

M
4

×
K

with background metrics encoding general 4D gauge fields and Higgs-like scalars. It shows that the classical mass and charge of a test particle become variable quantities when the geodesic traverses regions of spacetime with massive gauge fields, such as the weak force field, or with non-constant Higgs scalars. This agrees with the physical fact that interactions mediated by massive bosons can change the mass and charge of particles. The variation rates of mass and charge along a geodesic are given by natural geometric formulae. In regions where mass is preserved, there are additional constants of motion, one for every abelian or simple summand in the Killing algebra of K. The last part of the paper discusses traditional difficulties of Kaluza–Klein models, such as the low

q

/

m

ratios in the 5D model. It suggests possible ways to circumvent them. It also remarks the naturalness of a model in which elementary particles always travel at the speed of light in higher dimensions.