bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Staphylocoagulase on the Subunit Structure of Human Fibrin
Authors: Tager M , King M. J. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFibrin clots resulting from the action of coagulase thrombin were subjected to Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of hirudin or of heparin to exclude the action of biothrombin.Alpha, beta, and gamma polypeptide chains were resolved not differing from those induced by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.No evidence was found of any further degradation of any of the polypeptide chains.Although coagulase thrombin fails to activate factor XIII at calcium ion concentrations effective for the cross-linking of fibrin by thrombin, higher concentrations of calcium lead to the activation of factor XIII by coagulase thrombin, resulting in gamma dimer formation.The data support the evidence that coagulase thrombin, like biothrombin, acts as a limited proteolytic agent on fibrinogen.
The Effect of Molecular Iodine on Platelet Aggregation in Vitro
Authors: Kikugawa Kiyomi 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWhen rabbit platelet-rich plasma was treated with 1-2 mM molecular iodine, marked irreversible aggregation of platelets was observed. The aggregation was characterized by inhibition by 1 mM reduced glutathione, acceleration by 0.1 mM NEM, and no interference with EDTA and adenosine which are powerful inhibitors of aggregation induced by ADP. Molecular iodine at a concentration of 0.5 mM did not induce aggregation and caused more than 60% inhibition of ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation. These findings indicated that the aggregation by molecular iodine was in quite different mechanisms from those by other aggregating agents such as ADP, and suggested that platelet aggregation by molecular iodine and ADP was greatly regulated by sulfhydryl groups.
The Influence of Benzamidine Derivatives on Human Platelet Function
Authors: Glusa Erika , Barthel Wolfgang , Markwardt Fritz 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe influence of derivatives of benzamidine, benzylamine and phenylguanidine on platelet function was investigated in vitro. Among the compounds tested 4-nitro-benzoic acid 4’-amidinoanilide, 4-aminobenzoic acid 4’-amidinoanilide, 4-amidino-benzoic acid anilide and 4-amidinobenzoic acid 3’,4’-dimethoxyanilide were found to be potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and thrombin. Other platelet functions, such as the thrombin-induced amine liberation, serotonin and adenosine uptake, retraction and phosphodiesterase activity, were not influenced. The action of the benzamidine derivatives, known to be thrombin inhibitors, is not caused by an inhibition of the clotting enzyme, but it seems to be mainly due to the prevention of the ADP effect on platelets.
Platelet Function Long after Arterial and Venous Thrombosis
Authors: O’Brien J. R , Etherington M , Jamieson Sandra , Klaber M. R , Lincoln S. V 
Published: June 2018

SummaryOne hundred and seventeen people, including controls and patients after recovery from myocardial infarction (MI) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and of both sexes, have been subjected to a battery of tests thought to test platelet function. The object was to find differences which might indicate whether long-term platelet abnormalities could be demonstrated. Differences between MI and DVT results might suggest that different mechanisms are involved. The bleeding time tests were shorter in MI patients of both sexes than their respective controls and male controls have shorter bleeding times than females, but patients with DVT did not differ significantly from the controls. Tests involving platelet factor 3 and platelet factor 4 show increased activity in one or both patient groups. Thus there is considerable evidence of increased platelet/plasma activity in these disease states. The aggregation induced by thrombin was less in patients with MI and DVT than in the controls.An analysis suggests that the different groups of tests are not related and so presumably are measuring independent functions. Multiple discriminant analysis achieved for each sex moderately good separation of the three groups, namely controls, MI and DVT. These findings support the concept that there are long-term but partly differing abnormalities in MI and DVT which may predispose to thrombosis. The precise mechanisms involved need further clarification.
Antithrombin III Deficiency in Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Banerjee R. N , Sahni A. L , Kumar V , Arya M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAntithrombin III activity and thrombin times were assayed in maturity onset diabetics, atherosclerotic patients and normal subjects. There was a close correlation between the Antithrombin III activity and thrombin times in all three groups. Reductions in these measurements in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, independent of thromboembolic phenomena, support the theory of Antithrombin III deficiency in these diseases.
Factors Regulating Plasma Protein Synthesis IV. Influence of Fragments D and E on Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration
Authors: Bocci V , Conti T , Muscettola M , Pacini A , Pessina G. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRabbit fibrinogen digest products (FDP) have been separated by Pevikon block electrophoresis yielding fragments D, E and other unidentified FDP.The fragments were injected into rabbits. Surprisingly, as little as 4.3 mg of fragment D elicited a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration 24 hr after injection. The stimulating activity of fragment D is at least 10-fold higher than that of fragment E.
Studies on the Interaction of Warfarin and Clofibrate in Man
Authors: O’Reilly R. A , Sahud M. A , Robinson A. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo evaluate the basis for the hemorrhagic diathesis associated with oral anticoagulant therapy plus the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate, this interaction was studied in 8 normal subjects. Administration of clofibrate 2.0 g/day alone for 14 days had no effect on the platelet count, bleeding time, platelet aggregation, plasma adenosine diphosphatase, platelet release of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, platelet-collagen adhesion, one-stage prothrombin time, or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX and X) but significantly reduced platelet adhesiveness and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. After addition of large single doses of sodium warfarin, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, to the clofibrate regimen, all values remained within the normal range, including platelet adhesiveness, except epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. The one-stage prothrombin activity and clotting factors II and X were significantly lower with warfarin plus clofibrate than with warfarin alone, but the plasma level of warfarin was unchanged. Co-administration of sodium warfarin and clofibrate for 21 days augmented the hypoprothrombinemia observed in long-term therapy with warfarin alone but caused no significant change in the plasma warfarin level. It is concluded that the hemorrhagic complications of therapy with warfarin plus clofibrate result primarily from the more rapid decline in the activities of clotting factors II and X and perhaps also from the reduced platelet aggregation.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in a Patient with Hemophilia
Authors: Green D. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFactor VIII levels are usually elevated in patients with leukemia, and recently markedly increased levels of factor VIII were described during the relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a boy with previously documented hemophilia. In this paper we describe a young man with severe classical hemophilia who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia. In contrast to the findings noted above, infused factor VIII in this patient rapidly disappeared, with a half-life of only 4-8 h (expected: 12 h). In addition, the half-life of fibrinogen was 20 h (expected: 72 h), there was marked thrombocytopenia, and decreased levels of factor V. It is suggested that the rapid consumption of factor VIII is consistent with the syndrome of “consumption coagulopathy” which was present as a complication of his acute promyelocytic leukemia.
What makes people approve or condemn mind upload technology? Untangling the effects of sexual disgust, purity and science fiction familiarity
Authors: Laakasuo Michael , Drosinou Marianna , Koverola Mika , Kunnari Anton , Halonen Juho , Lehtonen Noora , Palomäki Jussi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe idea of separating a person’s consciousness and transferring it to another medium—'mind upload'—is being actively discussed in science, philosophy, and science fiction. Mind upload technologies are currently also being developed by private companies in Silicon Valley, and similar technological developments have received significant funding in the EU. Mind upload has important existential and ethical implications, yet little is known about how ordinary people actually feel about it. The current paper aims to provide a thorough moral psychological evaluation about various cognitive factors that explain people’s feelings and reactions towards the use of mind upload technology. In four studies (including pilot) with a total of 952 participants, it was shown that biological and cultural cognitive factors help to determine how strongly people condemn mind upload. Both experimental manipulations in a laboratory and cross-sectional correlative online study designs were employed. The results showed that people who value purity norms and have higher sexual disgust sensitivity are more inclined to condemn mind upload. Furthermore, people who are anxious about death and condemn suicidal acts were more accepting of mind upload. Finally, higher science fiction literacy and/or hobbyism strongly predicted approval of mind upload. Several possible confounding factors were ruled out, including personality, values, individual tendencies towards rationality, and theory of mind capacities. Possible idiosyncrasies in the stimulus materials (whether consciousness is uploaded onto a computer, chimpanzee, artificial brain, or android; and whether the person’s body physically dies during the process) were ruled out. The core findings inform ongoing philosophical discussions on how mind upload could (or should) be used in the future, and imply that mind upload is a much more salient topic for the general population than previously thought.
How functional traits influence plant growth and shade tolerance across the life cycle
Authors: Falster Daniel S. , Duursma Remko A. , FitzJohn Richard G. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Plant species differ in many functional traits—features of specific tissues and allocation of energy among them. While traits have been used in many correlative approaches to describe communities and demography, it has remained unclear how and why traits should influence whole-plant growth. Here, we present a theoretical framework for understanding the effect of traits on plant growth and shade tolerance. This framework captures diverse patterns of growth in relation to size and explains why the effect of traits on growth changes through ontogeny. By disentangling the effects of plant size, light environment, and traits on growth rates, this study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding growth across diverse tree species around the world.
External light activates hair follicle stem cells through eyes via an ipRGC–SCN–sympathetic neural pathway
Authors: Fan Sabrina Mai-Yi , Chang Yi-Ting , Chen Chih-Lung , Wang Wei-Hung , Pan Ming-Kai , Chen Wen-Pin , Huang Wen-Yen , Xu Zijian , Huang Hai-En , Chen Ting , Plikus Maksim V. , Chen Shih-Kuo , Lin Sung-Jan 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) exhibit several important functions including the circadian photo entrainment, pupillary light reflex, alertness, and phototaxis. Whether ipRGCs regulate other physiological activities is unknown. We show that external light stimulation can activate hair follicle stem cells through the eyes via an ipRGC–suprachiasmatic nucleus–sympathetic nervous circuit. Immediately after ipRGCs are stimulated by light, the systemic sympathetic activities are activated. In skin, the local release of norepinephrine activates hair follicle stem cells. This neural circuit enables prompt communication between peripheral tissues and the external environment. Due to the systemic activation of sympathetic activities, this circuit can also allow for timely responses to external light in other organs. It also highlights a function of ipRGCs in regulating autonomic nervous activity.
Visual recognition of cognates and interlingual homographs in two non-native languages
Authors: Zhu Yanjiao , Mok Peggy Pik Ki 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Previous studies on bilingual visual word recognition have been mainly based on European participants, while less is understood
about Asian populations. In this study, the recognition of German-English cognates and interlingual homographs in lexical decision
tasks was examined in the two non-native languages of Cantonese-English-German trilinguals. In the L2 English task, cognates were
reacted to faster and more accurately than their matched non-cognates, while in the equivalent L3 German task, no cognate
facilitation effect was found. However, cognate facilitation effects on response time and accuracy were observed in another L3
German task including cognates and interlingual homographs. The study suggests that Asian trilinguals access L2 and L3 in a
language non-selective manner, despite their low proficiency in the recently acquired L3. Meanwhile, lexical processing in a
non-proficient L3 is to a great extent affected by multiple contextual factors.
Religious pilgrimage routes and trails as driving forces for sustainable local development.
Authors: Trono A. , Castronuovo V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter analyses religious itineraries and pilgrimage routes as 'glocal' phenomena, characterized that is by a natural interface between the local and the global. It describes them as a driver of sustainable development above all in rural and/or marginal areas. After a short discussion of the value generated by complex cultural products such as religious itineraries and their impact on local and regional economies, the chapter considers the structure of local relations or 'networks' that give rise to them and sustain them.
The European cultural route of Saint Martin of Tours.
Authors: Afferni R. , Ferrario C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the history and development of the cultural route of Saint Martin of Tours, which was made a Cultural Route by the Council of Europe in 2005 and runs through 45 different European countries. More specifically, the chapter investigates the activities of this route as a coordinated network, to identify possible strengths and weaknesses of the itinerary and eventually to propose some suggestions to remedy and answer the challenges. A key aspect is the role that the administrative centre and each local actor can play in enriching and developing the Route as a social, cultural and economic network.
The holy grail route: mystic routes and activities to improve local tourism.
Authors: Fidgeon P. R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines how the tourism industry has utilized the myths and legends of the Holy Grail to develop and enhance tourism at various destinations. The chapter focuses more specifically on GRAIL, an EU-sponsored project designed to develop and promote a Pan-European tourism route based on the legend of the Holy Grail. The development of the Grail Route is discussed, as well as some of the opportunities and challenges that have arisen in the course of its planning and evolution as a sustainable tourism product.
Religious pilgrimage routes in the baltic countries: history and perspectives.
Authors: Liutikas D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter highlights the main features of historical and contemporary religious pilgrimage routes in the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). It considers the main factors responsible for their creation and seeks to identify the development opportunities they offer. It considers the historical context and the contemporary challenges of religious pilgrimage routes in terms of the preservation of religious heritage and development of tourism.
The ways to Jerusalem: maritime, cultural and pilgrimage routes.
Authors: Trono A. , Imperiale M. L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

After a brief overview of the ancient routes towards Jerusalem, this chapter illustrates the current itinerary of 'The Ways to Jerusalem: Maritime, Cultural and Pilgrimage Routes', which, it is hoped, will be recognized as a cultural itinerary by the Council of Europe and become popular with travellers and tourists. The chapter also sets out the logic that prompted the itinerary and the motives behind it. It describes the objectives to be achieved and the desired results. It illustrates the steps that will transform the itinerary into reality and the network of stakeholders that are already supporting it today. It considers the route's weaknesses but also the historical, cultural, ethical, economic and political values that drive it and justify its desire to play a part in guiding the future of the Mediterranean.
Kashi and Cosmos, India: the pilgrimage circuit of the Panchakroshi Yatra.
Authors: Singh R. P. B. , Rana P. S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the Panchakroshi Yatra or pilgrimage circuit to Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh, India) with a particular focus on the historical development of the route, how the route has helped with local development and cultural identity, and environmental issues that have arisen in recent years along the route.
The Talpa de Allende pilgrimage trail.
Authors: Olsen D. H. , Sánchez R. E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The focus of this chapter is the present-day development of the pilgrimage route called the Ruta del Peregrino which winds its way from the town of Ameca to the Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Rosario in Talpa de Allende, Mexico. The chapter briefly discusses the history of Talpa de Allende and the establishment of the basilica. Attention is then given to the Ruta del Peregrino and present-day issues along the trail related to regional development, environmental concerns and heritage.
Pilgrimage trails and routes: journeys from the present to the future.
Authors: Trono A. , Olsen D. H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This concluding chapter focuses on the importance of religious pilgrimage routes and trails in the development of regional identity and regional economic development. It also considers strategies to promote sustainable faith-based places and routes, and identifies challenges and opportunities generated by linear religious and spiritual tourism for the near future.
The connections between animal and human abuse and neglect.
Authors: Pinillos R. G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This book chapter discusses the One Welfare framework which covers all aspects of the links between people and animal interactions where these may result in abuse, neglect or violence. It supports reduction of incidence of crime and violence, in particular domestic violence and maltreatment of vulnerable populations such as elderly people, children and animals, and increases awareness of these issues.
The social implications of improved animal welfare.
Authors: Pinillos R. G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This book chapter discusses the One Welfare framework which covers the connection between poor states of human and animal welfare. It examines cases involving animal welfare, socioeconomic indicators and offences in different social contexts, including those taking place within underprivileged communities. Improvements in animal welfare can support interventions tackling social issues (such as homelessness, hoarding, dog fighting and separation anxiety). Integrating animal welfare as part of general livelihood improvement programmes, including disaster and war responses, is seen as key to success.
Animal health and welfare, human well-being, food security and sustainability.
Authors: Pinillos R. G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This book chapter discusses the One Welfare framework which includes elements correlating the level of human well-being with animal welfare, farming environment and sustainable production practices. It focuses on farming and food-producing livestock, and includes the links between animal welfare and food safety, as well as the beneficial aspects of farm animal welfare improvements to wider areas of societal concern such as climate change, sustainability and global food security.
Sustainability: connections between biodiversity, the environment, animal welfare and human well-being.
Authors: Pinillos R. G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This book chapter discusses the One Welfare framework which explores the links between environmental and conservation issues, animal welfare and human well-being. It includes compassionate conservation, aesthetics in the landscape, the impacts of decreased biodiversity, animal-environment conflicts and genetic diversity as support for increased global well-being.
Effects of Lifestyle Modifications on Elevated Blood Pressure and Excess Weight in a Population of Italian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Genovesi Simonetta , Orlando Antonina , Rebora Paola , Giussani Marco , Antolini Laura , Nava Elisa , Parati Gianfranco , Valsecchi Maria Grazia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Children’s excess weight is a common problem due to low-quality diet and poor physical activity and is a risk factor associated with hypertension. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of a nonpharmacological multidisciplinary intervention on blood pressure (BP) and body weight in a population of children with excess weight and/or elevated BP.

METHODS
Children consecutively referred to a Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk Clinic by the primary care pediatrician from 2009 to 2015 were assessed at baseline and followed up over time.

RESULTS
Out of 273 children (median age 11.4 years, 55% male), 61% were excess weight only, 7% had elevated BP only, and 32% showed both conditions. The probability of reaching the clinical target (normal weight and BP values) at 1 year of follow-up was 19% (confidence interval [CI]: 14%; 24%) and increased up to 38% (CI: 28%; 47%) at 3 years. At 1 year of follow-up, in the overall population both body mass index (BMI) and systolic BP z-scores decreased significantly from 1.77 to 1.47 and from 0.99 to 0.52, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). BP was significantly reduced in both children with elevated BP only (reduction = 0.91, P = 0.0157) and subjects with excess weight and elevated BP (reduction = 0.89, P &lt; 0.0001). Variables significantly related with systolic BP z-score at 1 year of follow-up were baseline systolic BP z-score and BMI z-score reduction during follow-up (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.0003, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate the efficacy of lifestyles modification on weight and BP in children, both when elevated BP and excess weight were present as distinct clinical problems and in the case of their association.