bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of uterine artery embolization combined with double balloon catheter plus curettage for patients with placenta previa who underwent pregnancy termination and suffered antenatal massive hemorrhage in the 2nd trimester
Authors: Tang Fei , Du Shuguo , Zhao Yun , Sun Guoqiang , Lin Ying , Li Ruyan , Wu Xufeng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
It is very difficult to treat patients with placenta previa who underwent pregnancy termination and suffered antenatal massive hemorrhage in the 2nd trimester.

Patient concerns:
In this study, case 1 was with fetal malformation of 18-trisomy syndrome at gestation of 19 weeks + 2 days, case 2 was with fetal malformation of 18-trisomy syndrome at gestation of 22 weeks + 1 day, and case 3 was for intrauterine fetal death at gestation of 27 weeks. All the 3 cases were completely placenta previa.

Diagnoses:
For the 3 patients, completely placenta previa was confirmed by ultrasound examination after hospitalization and underwent pregnancy termination for fetal death or fetal malformation in the 2nd trimester.

Interventions:
The 3 patients with placenta previa underwent pregnancy termination by mifepristone combined with ethacridine lactate in the 2nd trimester for intrauterine fetal death or fetal malformation from June 2017 to May 2018, and suffered antenatal massive hemorrhage during termination. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) was immediately performed to achieve hemostasis, then double balloon catheter (DBC) was carried out to promote cervical ripen, at last curettage was implemented with the help of ultrasound. After all these procedures, the clinical outcomes were observed.

Outcomes:
The antenatal bleeding volume of these 3 patients were about 500, 600, and 550 mL. After implementing the combined treatment, all patients completed the abortion. The UAE-DBC time interval and DBC-curettage time interval were 58.4 and 6.0 hours, respectively, for case 1, whereas almost 0 (i.e., immediately) for cases 2 and 3. Case 1 had a fever lasting for 3 days, and the maximum body temperature was up to 39°C after UAE. Moreover, the blood culture was positive for Escherichia coli after curettage in case 1, whereas it was negative in the other 2 cases.

Lessons:
The UAE-DBC–curettage combined treatment is safe and effective for patients with placenta previa who undergo pregnancy termination and suffered massive antenatal hemorrhage in the 2nd trimester. Future studies are needed to advance our observation.
Nursing Students' Knowledge of the Nurse's Role in the Management of Dysphagia
Authors: L. C. Jones Christina , Porterfield Susan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing students' knowledge of the nurse's role in the interprofessional management of dysphagia.

Design
A quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest educational intervention was used in this study.

Methods
Thirty-eight pretest and 37 posttest undergraduate nursing students participated. An addendum to the original study assessed knowledge retention in a separate group of nursing students who had received a similar educational intervention 1.5 years prior.

Findings
Statistically significant changes were found between pretests and posttests. The knowledge retention group performed more poorly in some areas, suggesting that initial instruction was not reinforced beyond the novice level.

Conclusions
Educating nursing students about the nurse's role in the management of dysphagia will increase their knowledge, but this knowledge must be reinforced for integration into clinical practice. More research is needed to determine what education nursing students receive on dysphagia and what the role of the nurse is in the management of dysphagia.

Clinical Relevance
Dysphagia negatively impacts clinical and rehabilitation outcomes. Because nurses may lack sufficient training in the management of dysphagia, healthcare organizations should offer such training to new hires and then periodically thereafter. Likewise, practicing nurses who serve as preceptors should be prepared to train nursing students and new nurses how to safely manage dysphagia.
SURPRISING THREATS ACCELERATE EVIDENCE ACCUMULATION FOR CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION
Authors: McFadyen Jessica , Smout Cooper , Tsuchiya Naotsugu , Mattingley Jason B. , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTOur survival depends on how well we can rapidly detect threats in our environment. To facilitate this, the brain is faster to bring threatening or rewarding visual stimuli into conscious awareness than neutral stimuli. Unexpected events may indicate a potential threat, and yet we tend to respond slower to unexpected than expected stimuli. It is unclear if or how these effects of emotion and expectation interact with one’s conscious experience. To investigate this, we presented neutral and fearful faces with different probabilities of occurance in a breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm. Across two experiments, we discovered that fulfilled prior expectations hastened responses to neutral faces but had either no significant effect (Experiment 1) or the opposite effect (Experiment 2) on fearful faces. Drift diffusion modelling revealed that, while prior expectations accelerated stimulus encoding time (associated with the visual cortex), evidence was accumulated at an especially rapid rate for unexpected fearful faces (associated with activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus). Hence, these findings demonstrate a novel interaction between emotion and expectation during bCFS, driven by a unique influence of surprising fearful stimuli that expedites evidence accumulation in a fronto-occipital network.
Measuring Directed Functional Connectivity Using Non-Parametric Directionality Analysis: Validation and Comparison with Non-Parametric Granger Causality
Authors: West Timothy O. , Halliday David M. , Bressler Steven L. , Farmer Simon F. , Litvak Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground‘Non-parametric directionality’ (NPD) is a novel method for estimation of directed functional connectivity (dFC) in neural data. The method has previously been verified in its ability to recover causal interactions in simulated spiking networks in Halliday et al. (2015)MethodsThis work presents a validation of NPD in continuous neural recordings (e.g. local field potentials). Specifically, we use autoregressive model to simulate time delayed correlations between neural signals. We then test for the accurate recovery of networks in the face of several confounds typically encountered in empirical data. We examine the effects of NPD under varying: a) signal-to-noise ratios, b) asymmetries in signal strength, c) instantaneous mixing, d) common drive, e) and parallel/convergent signal routing. We also apply NPD to data from a patient who underwent simultaneous magnetoencephalography and deep brain recording.ResultsWe demonstrate that NPD can accurately recover directed functional connectivity from simulations with known patterns of connectivity. The performance of the NPD metric is compared with non-parametric Granger causality (NPG), a well-established methodology for model free estimation of dFC. A series of simulations investigating synthetically imposed confounds demonstrate that NPD provides estimates of connectivity that are equivalent to NPG. However, we provide evidence that: i) NPD is less sensitive than NPG to degradation by noise; ii) NPD is more robust to the generation of false positive identification of connectivity resulting from SNR asymmetries; iii) NPD is more robust to corruption via moderate degrees of instantaneous signal mixing.ConclusionsThe results in this paper highlight that to be practically applied to neural data, connectivity metrics should not only be accurate in their recovery of causal networks but also resistant to the confounding effects often encountered in experimental recordings of multimodal data. Taken together, these findings position NPD at the state-of-the-art with respect to the estimation of directed functional connectivity in neuroimaging.HighlightsNon-parametric directionality (NPD) is a novel directed connectivity metric.NPD estimates are equivalent to Granger causality but more robust to signal confounds.Multivariate extensions of NPD can correctly identify signal routing.AbbreviationsdFCDirected functional connectivityEEGElectroencephalogramLFPLocal field potentialMEGMagnetoencephalogramMVARMultivariate autoregressive (model)NPDNon-parametric directionalityNPGNon-parametric Granger (causality)SMASupplementary motor areaSNRSignal-to-noise ratioSTNSubthalamic Nucleus
Identification of frequent activating HER2 mutations in primary canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lorch Gwendolen , Sivaprakasam Karthigayini , Zismann Victoria , Perdigones Nieves , Contente-Cuomo Tania , Nazareno Alexandra , Facista Salvatore , Wong Shukmei , Drenner Kevin , Liang Winnie S. , Amann Joseph M. , Sinicropi-Yao Sara L. , Koenig Michael J. , Perle Krista La , Whitsett Timothy G. , Murtaza Muhammed , Trent Jeffrey , Carbone David P. , Hendricks William P. D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNaturally occurring primary canine lung cancers are aggressive malignancies that are increasingly common in pet dogs. They share clinicopathologic features with human lung cancers in never-smokers, but their genetic underpinnings are unknown. Through multi-platform sequencing of 88 primary canine lung tumors or cell lines, we discovered somatic, coding HER2 (ERRB2) point mutations in 38% of canine pulmonary adenocarcinomas (cPAC, 28/74), but none in adenosquamous (cPASC, 0/11) or squamous cell (cPSCC, 0/3) carcinomas. In cPASC, PTEN was the most frequently mutated gene (18%) while one case each bore likely pathogenic HRAS, KRAS, EGFR, MET, TP53, or VHL somatic mutations. In cPSCC, no recurrently mutated genes were identified, but individual somatic coding mutations were found in BRAF and PTPN11. In cPAC, we also identified recurrent somatic mutation of TP53 (13.5%), SMAD4 (5.4%), PTEN (4.1%), and VHL (2.7%). cPACs assessed by exome sequencing displayed a low somatic mutation burden (median 64 point mutations, 19 focal copy number variants, and 1 translocation). The majority (93%) of HER2 mutations were hotspot V659E transmembrane domain (TMD) mutations comparable to activating mutations at this same site in human cancer. Other HER2 mutations identified in this study were located in the extracellular domain and TMD. HER2V659E was detected in the plasma of 33% (2/6) of dogs with localized HER2V659E tumors. HER2V659E correlated with constitutive phosphorylation of AKT in cPAC cell lines and HER2V659E lines displayed hypersensitivity to the HER2 inhibitors lapatinib and neratinib relative to HER2-wild-type cell lines. These findings have translational and comparative relevance for lung cancer and HER2 inhibition.
FabriEVEs: A dedicated platform for endogenous viral elements in fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and invertebrates
Authors: Zhong Jixing , Zhu Jiacheng , Xu Zaoxu , Zou Geng , Zhao JunWei , Jiang SanJie , Zhang Wei , Xia Jun , Yang Lin , Li Fang , Gao Ya , Chen Fang , Wu Yiquan , Chen Dongsheng 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTEndogenous viral elements (EVEs) are heritable viral deriving elements present in the genomes of other species. As DNA ‘fossils’ left by ancient viruses, EVEs were used to infer the characteristics of extinct viruses. EVEs in mammals have been well classified by several databases, however, EVEs in non-mammalian organisms are poorly documented. Here, we report FabriEVEs (http://tfbsbank.co.uk/FabriEVEs), the first dedicated and comprehensive online platform for the collection, classification and annotation of EVEs in fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and invertebrates. In total, nearly 1.5 million EVEs from 82 species deriving from class I (dsDNA), II (ssDNA), III (dsRNA), IV (positive ssRNA), V (negative ssRNA), VI (ssRNA-RT) and VII (dsDNA-RT) viruses were recorded in FabriEVEs, accompanying with comprehensive annotation including the species name, location, genomic features, virus family and associated literature. Flexible and powerful query options were provided to pinpoint desired EVEs. Furthermore, FabriEVEs provides free access to all EVEs data in case users need to download them for further analysis. Taken together, our database provided systematic classification and annotation of EVEs in non-mammal species, which paves the way for comparative analysis of EVEs and throws light upon the co-evolution of EVEs and their hosts.
Fundamental contribution and host range determination of ANP32 protein family in influenza A virus polymerase activity
Authors: Zhang Haili , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Yujie , Wang Meiyue , Wang Xuefeng , Zhang Xiang , Ji Shuang , Du Cheng , Chen Hualan , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe polymerase of the influenza virus is part of the key machinery necessary for viral replication. However, the avian influenza virus polymerase is restricted in mammalian cells. The cellular protein ANP32A has been recently found to interact with viral polymerase, and to both influence polymerase activity and interspecies restriction. Here we report that either ANP32A or ANP32B is indispensable for influenza A virus RNA replication. The contribution of ANP32B is equal to that of ANP32A, and together they play a fundamental role in the activity of mammalian influenza A virus polymerase, while neither human ANP32A nor ANP32B support the activity of avian viral polymerase. Interestingly, we found that avian ANP32B was naturally inactive, leaving ANP32A alone to support viral replication. Two amino acid mutations at sites 129-130 in chicken ANP32B lead to the loss of support of viral replication and weak interaction with the viral polymerase complex, and these amino acids are also crucial in the maintenance of viral polymerase activity in other ANP32 proteins. Our findings strongly support ANP32A&B as key factors for both virus replication and adaption.IMPORTANCEThe key host factors involved in the influenza A viral the polymerase activity and RNA replication remain largely unknown. Here we provide evidence that ANP32A and ANP32B from different species are powerful factors in the maintenance of viral polymerase activity. Human ANP32A and ANP32B contribute equally to support human influenza virus RNA replication. However, unlike avian ANP32A, the avian ANP32B is evolutionarily non-functional in supporting viral replication because of a 129-130 site mutation. The 129-130 site plays an important role in ANP32A/B and viral polymerase interaction, therefore determine viral replication, suggesting a novel interface as a potential target for the development of anti-influenza strategies.
Nanoparticle Mediated NADPH Regeneration for Enhanced Ethanol Production by EngineeredSynechocystissp. PCC 6803
Authors: Velmurugan Rajendran , Incharoensakdi Aran 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe ethanol synthesis pathway engineeredSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 was used to investigate the influence of metal oxide mediated NADPH regeneration on ethanol synthesis. Among the metal oxides, Fe2O3and MgO showed considerable improvement in growth, chlorophyllacontent and ethanol synthesis. Thein-vitrostudies proved that the selected metal oxides have the potential to regenerate the NADPH under light illumination. The results clearly indicate that the light energy is the key factor for activation of metal oxides and to a less extent light itself has the possibility for direct regeneration of NADPH. Under optimized light intensity and NADP addition, the maximum MgO mediated ethanol production of 5100mg/L, about a 2-fold increase compared to the control, was obtained after 20 days cultivation at 5L level. This study indicates that the efficient NADPH regeneration aided by metal oxide is crucial to improve ethanol productivity inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803.IMPORTANCECyanobacteria are efficient ethanol producing organisms from atmospheric CO2upon engineering of pathway. In cyanobacterial ethanol synthesis pathway, NADPH plays an important role acetaldehyde to ethanol conversion. Here we elucidated the NADPH regeneration through extracellular addition of metal oxides. The metal oxide mediated NADPH regeneration study allows us to dissect the importance of metal oxides in enhancing ethanol production through NADPH regeneration while also providing insight into the regulatory functions of metal oxides in growth, photosynthetic apparatus and various carbon metabolisms.
Preliminary evidence for altered interoceptive processing in smokers
Authors: Todd Jennifer , Hina Farah , Aspell Jane E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging evidence suggests that interoceptive processing might be altered in nicotine addiction, however this has not yet been confirmed with behavioral measures. Therefore, we investigated the perception of internal bodily states in smokers (49) and people who had never smoked (n=51), by measuring interoceptive sensitivity (IS) and interoceptive awareness (IA).MethodsIS was measured with a heartbeat tracking task and a heartbeat discrimination task. Performance on the heartbeat tracking task may be influenced by one's ability to estimate an elapsed time interval so this was controlled by a time-estimation (TE) task. IA was measured using two sub-scales from the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Participants in the ‘addiction’ group completed the Revised Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-R) to measure addiction severity.ResultsIndependent-samples t-tests revealed that non-smokers performed significantly better than smokers on the heartbeat tracking task (p = 0.007, d = 0.22). There were no group differences observed for the remaining variables. Furthermore, none of the variables predicted addiction severity.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of behavioral differences in interoception in participants with nicotine addiction. When considered in the context of previous research, these findings support the hypothesis that interoceptive processing may be disturbed in addiction. These data also support the hypothesis that behavioral and self-report measures of interoception assess two separate constructs.
FISIK: Framework for the Inference of in Situ Interaction Kinetics from single-molecule imaging data
Authors: de Oliveira Luciana R. , Jaqaman Khuloud 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent experimental and computational developments have been pushing the limits of live-cell single-molecule imaging, enabling the monitoring of inter-molecular interactions in their native environment with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, interactions are captured only for the labeled subset of molecules, which tends to be a small fraction. As a result, it has remained a challenge to calculate molecular interaction kinetics, in particular association rates, from single-molecule tracking data. To overcome this challenge, we developed a mathematical modeling-based Framework for the Inference of in Situ Interaction Kinetics from single-molecule imaging data (termed “FISIK”). FISIK consists of (1) devising a mathematical model of molecular movement and interactions, mimicking the biological system and data-acquisition setup, and (2) estimating the unknown model parameters, including molecular association and dissociation rates, by fitting the model to experimental single-molecule data. Due to the stochastic nature of the model and data, we adapted the method of indirect inference for model calibration. We validated FISIK using a series of tests, where we simulated trajectories of diffusing molecules that interact with each other, considering a wide range of model parameters, and including resolution limitations and tracking errors. We found that FISIK has the sensitivity to determine association and dissociation rates, where its accuracy depends on the labeled fraction of molecules and the extent of molecule tracking errors. For cases where the labeled fraction is relatively low (e.g. to afford accurate tracking), combining dynamic but sparse single-molecule imaging data with almost whole-population oligomer distribution data improves FISIK’s performance. All in all, FISIK is a promising approach for the derivation of molecular interaction kinetics in their native environment from single-molecule imaging data.
Erroneous inference based on a lack of preference within one group: autism, mice, and the Social Approach Task
Authors: Nygaard Kayla R. , Maloney Susan E. , Dougherty Joseph D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Social Approach Task is commonly used to identify sociability deficits when modeling liability factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mice. It was developed to expand upon assays available to examine distinct aspects of social behavior in rodents and has become a standard component of mouse ASD-relevant phenotyping pipelines. However, there is variability in the statistical analysis and interpretation of results from this task. A common analytical approach is to conduct within-group comparisons only, and then interpret a difference in significance levels as if it were a group difference, without any direct comparison. As an efficient shorthand, we named this approach EWOCs:Erroneous Within-group Only Comparisons. Here we examined the prevalence of EWOCs and used simulations to test whether it could produce misleading inferences. Our review of Social Approach studies of high-confidence ASD genes revealed 45% of papers sampled used only this analytical approach. Through simulations, we then demonstrate how a lack of significant difference within one group often doesn’t correspond to a significant difference between groups, and show this erroneous interpretation increases the rate of false positives up to 25%. Finally, we define a simple solution: use an index, like a social preference score, with direct statistical comparisons between groups to identify significant differences. We also provide power calculations to guide sample size in future studies. Overall, elimination of EWOCs and adoption of direct comparisons should result in more accurate, reliable, and reproducible data interpretations from the Social Approach Task across ASD liability models.Lay SummaryThe Social Approach Task is widely used to assess social behavior in mice and is frequently used in studies modeling autism. However, reviewing published studies showed nearly half do not use correct comparisons to interpret the data. Using simulated and original data, we argue the correct statistical approach is a direct comparison of scores between groups. This simple solution should reduce false positives and improve consistency of results across studies.