bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structural evolution of water and gluten in refined and whole grain breads: A study of soft and hard wheat breads from postmixing to final product
Authors: Bock Jayne E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesRecent work investigating gluten secondary structure in dough systems has provided tantalizing insights as to how small perturbations in gluten structure may impact bread quality. Specifically, shifts in gluten structure from β‐turns to β‐sheets in doughs with bran may be partially responsible for quality defects in whole grain bread. This study aimed to further that knowledge by monitoring gluten secondary structure in soft and hard wheat refined and whole grain bread at different stages during processing. Commercial hard red spring (HW) and soft red winter wheat (SW) flours were used to make breads with whole grain doughs created by substituting bran for 15% of the refined flour. ATR‐FTIR spectra were collected from samples and analyzed for gluten secondary structural content.FindingsFreshly mixed doughs demonstrated the greatest β‐sheet content (53%–57%) compared to any other dough stage. Refined HW doughs demonstrated continual relaxation of β‐sheets to β‐turns through dough processing (−13% to panning), whereas relaxed SW doughs (−6% to 10%) partially reverted to sheets during punching and panning (1%–3%). The data also confirmed earlier findings that the presence of bran triggers the formation of additional β‐sheets (+4% to 5%) in both HW and SW doughs. Doughs with bran exhibited less structural relaxation (−3% to 6% β‐sheets) during processing. Interestingly, HW doughs exhibited only 1%–2% more β‐turns and only 1%–4% fewer β‐sheets than SW doughs. Analysis of the bread during baking revealed that SW generates a larger sheets:turns ratio compared to HW in refined bread, 21.3 versus 3.6, respectively, that grows to 129 versus 5.3 on addition of bran.ConclusionsGluten structural relaxation takes place during proofing in optimally hydrated doughs and largely follows water relaxation trends. The ratio of sheets:turns increases rapidly as water is lost during baking. The extent of this build‐up in the ratio is dependent on the wheat source for the flour (hard vs. soft wheat), presence/absence of bran, and the water loss (i.e., denaturation).Significance and noveltyThese results show that the ability of gluten to resist significant loss of bulk water during baking is related to better bread making performance. Additionally, the ability of gluten to resist substantial secondary structural alteration during baking, specifically formation of excessive β‐sheets, may be a key factor in high‐quality bread.
Highly Efficient Utilization of Precious Metals for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Photo‐Assisted Electro‐Deposited Urchin‐Like Te Nanostructure as a Template
Authors: Bai Ling , Li Yujie , Zhao Jun , Bao Yunkai , Ji Lifei , Dai Jianying , Shi Huilan , Yang Fengchun , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this communication, the urchin‐like Te template is obtained by photo‐assisted electro‐deposition to replace trace platinum, gold and rhodium to obtain the Pt@Te‐PsS, Au@Te‐PsS and Rh@Te‐PsS catalysts in pursuit of their highly efficient utilization. The three‐dimensional structure of urchin‐like Te can not only accelerate the interface charge transfer, but also enhance the structural stability of the catalysts. Moreover, the electrons of Te are delocalized, to increase the electron density of interface and promote the hydrogen evolution reaction. Especially, the Pt@Te‐PsS catalyst with the Pt loading of only 1.08 wt % exhibits extremely outstanding electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity. The finer hierarchical structure of Te template boosts the high HER performance with low precious metal loading, which highlights a new strategy for development of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Economic and Risk Analyses of an Industrial N,N‐Dimethylformamide Recovery Process
Authors: Shi Bin , He Xiao Xu , Wu Wei , Hsien Chu Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe industrial N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) recovery plant is usually based on a two‐column sequence (TCS) and the capacity of the wastewater treatment process is larger than 2000 kg h−1. Here, a dividing‐wall column (DWC)‐based DMF recovery plant is proposed. The DWC avoids the remixing effect and reduces the utility duties by about 18.1 % and the CO2 emissions by 15.2 %, compared to the TCS. The DWC effectively decreases the total annual cost by 3.4 % compared to that of the TCS and achieves a profitability index of 2.19 and an internal rate of return of 40.45 %. By Monte Carlo risk analysis, the DWC can increase the chance of earning the profit by up to 16 % compared to the TCS.
Working with Adapted Primary Literature in Chemistry Class
Authors: von Hoff Elena , Aljets Hilko , Milsch Nele , Waitz Thomas , Mey Ingo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn diesem Artikel präsentieren wir ein Projekt zur Arbeit mit Adaptierter Primärliteratur (APL). Diese kann als Bindeglied zwischen Lehrbüchern und wissenschaftlicher Primärliteratur verstanden werden und ermöglicht es unter anderem, aktuelle Forschungsinhalte im Kontext wissenschaftlicher Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zeitnah zu disseminieren. Als Teil eines Science Outreach Projektes im Bereich der Biomembranforschung wurde eine APL zum Ionentransport durch einen spannungsabhängigen Ionenkanal entwickelt und in Hinblick auf ihr Potential, im Chemieunterricht Einblicke in Prozesse wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisgewinnung zu geben, untersucht. Dabei konnten fünf Aspekte identifiziert werden, die einen Einfluss auf das Verständnis der Schülerinnen und Schüler bezüglich wissenschaftlicher Erkenntniswege haben.
Mushroom bodies in crustaceans: Insect‐like organization in the caridid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus
Authors: Sayre Marcel E. , Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPaired centers in the forebrain of insects, called the mushroom bodies, have become the most investigated brain region of any invertebrate due to novel genetic strategies that relate unique morphological attributes of these centers to their functional roles in learning and memory. Mushroom bodies possessing all the morphological attributes of those in dicondylic insects have been identified in mantis shrimps, basal hoplocarid crustaceans that are sister to Eumalacostraca, the most species‐rich group of Crustacea. However, unless other examples of mushroom bodies can be identified in Eumalacostraca, the possibility is that mushroom body‐like centers may have undergone convergent evolution in Hoplocarida and are unique to this crustacean lineage. Here, we provide evidence that speaks against convergent evolution, describing in detail the paired mushroom bodies in the lateral protocerebrum of a decapod crustacean, Lebbeus groenlandicus, a species belonging to the infraorder Caridea, an ancient lineage of Eumalacostraca.
Altered cochlear innervation in developing and mature naked and Damaraland mole rats
Authors: Barone Catherine M. , Douma Sytse , Reijntjes Daniël O. J. , Browe Brigitte M. , Köppl Christine , Klump Georg , Park Thomas J. , Pyott Sonja J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCompared to many other rodent species, naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) have elevated auditory thresholds, poor frequency selectivity, and limited ability to localize sound. Because the cochlea is responsible for encoding and relaying auditory signals to the brain, we used immunofluorescence and quantitative image analysis to examine cochlear innervation in mature and developing naked mole rats compared to mice (Mus musculus), gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), and Damaraland mole rats (Fukomys damarensis), another subterranean rodent. In comparison to mice and gerbils, we observed alterations in afferent and efferent innervation as well as their patterns of developmental refinement in naked and Damaraland mole rats. These alterations were, however, not always shared similarly between naked and Damaraland mole rats. Most conspicuously, in both naked and Damaraland mole rats, inner hair cell (IHC) afferent ribbon density was reduced, whereas outer hair cell afferent ribbon density was increased. Naked and Damaraland mole rats also showed reduced lateral and medial efferent terminal density. Developmentally, naked mole rats showed reduced and prolonged postnatal reorganization of afferent and efferent innervation. Damaraland mole rats showed no evidence of postnatal reorganization. Differences in cochlear innervation specifically between the two subterranean rodents and more broadly among rodents provides insight into the cochlear mechanisms that enhance frequency sensitivity and sound localization, maturation of the auditory system, and the evolutionary adaptations occurring in response to subterranean environments.
The Influence of Heteroatom Dopants Nitrogen, Boron, Sulfur, and Phosphorus on Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Preuss Kathrin , Siwoniku Adaeze M. , Bucur Cristina I. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA hard templating method, using SBA‐15 in combination with glucose solution and different heteroatom precursors, has been employed to investigate the influence of the different heteroatom dopants nitrogen, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus on carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Samples were synthesized under the same conditions and resulted in a similar morphology and surface areas around 1000 m2/g. Incorporating nitrogen into the carbon matrix was found to be easier than for boron or phosphorus, while sulfur doping proved problematic and only yielded 2 at% of sulfur or less. Different dopant concentrations as well as a combination of dopants suggested that nitrogen was the only heteroatom exerting an actual influence on the catalytic activity, resulting in higher electron transfer numbers. The other dopants exhibited a similar performance regardless of the dopant content, though slightly improved when compared to an undoped control sample. These findings indicate that incorporated nitrogen can act as catalytic sites, while boron, sulfur and phosphorus can enhance the catalytic activity by possibly creating defects in the carbon matrix.
Cristazine, a novel dioxopiperazine alkaloid, induces apoptosis via the death receptor pathway in A431 cells
Authors: Jo Mi Jeong , Patil Maheshkumar P. , Jung Hyun Il , Seo Yong Bae , Lim Han Kyu , Son Byeng Wha , Kim Gun‐Do 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe fungus Chaetomium sp. is a causative agent of infections in humans and is ubiquitous in the natural environment. The secondary metabolites of this genus exhibit many biological activities, including antifungal activity and toxicity in mitochondria. In this study, we isolated cristazine from the fungus C. cristatum, which has the potential to inhibit the growth of human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Its inhibitory activity was examined using a cell viability assay and cell death was elucidated by western blot analysis. Cristazine triggered apoptotic cell death via the Type I death receptor pathway including the activation of caspases and other target proteins. However, cristazine did not have any effect on mitochondrial apoptotic proteins such as Bid, cytochrome c, and apoptosis‐inducing factor. Cristazine inhibited the cell cycle progression by arresting the G1/S phase and up‐regulating the inhibitory proteins of cyclin‐dependent kinases. Thus, cristazine has great potential for inducing apoptosis in A431 cells via both cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of cell growth.
Predator–prey dynamics of bald eagles and glaucous‐winged gulls at Protection Island, Washington, USA
Authors: Henson Shandelle M. , Desharnais Robert A. , Funasaki Eric T. , Galusha Joseph G. , Watson James W. , Hayward James L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) populations in North America rebounded in the latter part of the twentieth century, the result of tightened protection and outlawing of pesticides such as DDT. An unintended consequence of recovery may be a negative impact on seabirds. During the 1980s, few bald eagles disturbed a large glaucous‐winged gull (Larus glaucescens) colony on Protection Island, Washington, USA, in the Salish Sea. Breeding gull numbers in this colony rose nearly 50% during the 1980s and early 1990s. Beginning in the 1990s, a dramatic increase in bald eagle activity ensued within the colony, after which began a significant decline in gull numbers.To examine whether trends in the gull colony could be explained by eagle activity, we fit a Lotka–Volterra‐type predator–prey model to gull nest count data and Washington State eagle territory data collected in most years between 1980 and 2016. Both species were assumed to grow logistically in the absence of the other.The model fits the data with generalizedR2 = 0.82, supporting the hypothesis that gull dynamics were due largely to eagle population dynamics.Point estimates of the model parameters indicated approach to stable coexistence. Within the 95% confidence intervals for the parameters, however, 11.0% of bootstrapped parameter vectors predicted gull colony extinction.Our results suggest that the effects of bald eagle activity on the dynamics of a large gull colony were explained by a predator–prey relationship that included the possibility of coexistence but also the possibility of gull colony extinction. This study serves as a cautionary exploration of the future, not only for gulls on Protection Island, but for other seabirds in the Salish Sea. Managers should monitor numbers of nests in seabird colonies as well as eagle activity within colonies to document trends that may lead to colony extinction.
Eighteen years of ecological monitoring reveals multiple lines of evidence for tundra vegetation change
Authors: Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Grabowski Meagan M. , Thomas Haydn J. D. , Angers‐Blondin Sandra , Daskalova Gergana N. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Cunliffe Andrew M. , Assmann Jakob J. , Boyle Joseph S. , McLeod Edward , McLeod Samuel , Joe Ricky , Lennie Paden , Arey Deon , Gordon Richard R. , Eckert Cameron D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Arctic tundra is warming rapidly, yet the exact mechanisms linking warming and observed ecological changes are often unclear. Understanding mechanisms of change requires long‐term monitoring of multiple ecological parameters. Here, we present the findings of a collaboration between government scientists, local people, park rangers, and academic researchers that provide insights into changes in plant composition, phenology, and growth over 18 yr on Qikiqtaruk‐Herschel Island, Canada. Qikiqtaruk is an important focal research site located at the latitudinal tall shrub line in the western Arctic. This unique ecological monitoring program indicates the following findings: (1) nine days per decade advance of spring phenology, (2) a doubling of average plant canopy height per decade, but no directional change in shrub radial growth, and (3) a doubling of shrub and graminoid abundance and a decrease by one‐half in bare ground cover per decade. Ecological changes are concurrent with satellite‐observed greening and, when integrated, suggest that indirect warming from increased growing season length and active layer depths, rather than warming summer air temperatures alone, could be important drivers of the observed tundra vegetation change. Our results highlight the vital role that long‐term and multi‐parameter ecological monitoring plays in both the detection and attribution of global change.
Biotic homogenization of wetland nematode communities by exotic Spartina alterniflora in China
Authors: Zhang Youzheng , Pennings Steven C. , Li Bo , Wu Jihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduced species may homogenize biotic communities. Whether this homogenization can erase latitudinal patterns of species diversity and composition has not been well studied. We examined this by comparing nematode and microbial communities in stands of native Phragmites australis and exotic Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands across 18° of latitude in China. We found clear latitudinal clines in nematode diversity and functional composition, and in microbial composition, for soils collected from native P. australis. These latitudinal patterns were weak or absent for soils collected from nearby stands of the exotic S. alterniflora. Climatic and edaphic variables varied across latitude in similar ways in both community types. In P. australis there were strong correlations between community structure and environmental variables, whereas in S. alterniflora these correlations were weak. These results suggest that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Chinese coastal wetlands has caused profound biotic homogenization of soil communities across latitude. We speculate that the variation in P. australis nematode and microbial communities across latitude is primarily driven by geographic variation in plant traits, but that such variation in plant traits is largely lacking for the recently introduced exotic S. alterniflora. These results indicate that widespread exotic species can homogenize nematode communities at large spatial scales.
Direct detection of DNA using 3D surface enhanced Raman scattering hotspot matrix
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Wei Zhiyong , Zhang Yan , Chen Yunfei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are evaporatively self‐assembled into the 3D surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hotspot matrix with the assistant of glycerol to improve the spectral reproducibility in direct DNA detection. AgNPs and DNA in the glycerol‐stabilized 3D SERS hotspot matrix are found to form flexible sandwich structures through electrostatic interaction where neighboring AgNPs create uniform and homogeneous localized surface plasmon resonance coupling environments for central DNA. Nearly two orders of magnitude extra SERS enhancement, more stable peak frequency and narrower peak full width at half maximum can therefore be obtained in DNA SERS spectra, which ensures highly stable and reproducible SERS signals in direct detection of both single strand DNA and double strand DNA utilizing the 3D SERS hotspot matrix. By normalizing the SERS spectra using phosphate backbone as internal standard, identification of single base variation in oligonucleotides, determination of DNA hybridization events and recognition of chemical modification on bases (hexanethiol‐capped at 5’ end) have been demonstrated experimentally. This proposed 3D SERS hotspot matrix opens a novel perspective in manipulating plasmonic nanoparticles to construct SERS platforms and would make the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy a more practical and reliable tool in direct DNA detection.
Predicting multistage financial distress: Reflections on sampling, feature and model selection criteria
Authors: Farooq Umar , Qamar Muhammad Ali Jibran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis research proposes a prediction model of multistage financial distress (MSFD) after considering contextual and methodological issues regarding sampling, feature and model selection criteria. Financial distress is defined as a three‐stage process showing different nature and intensity of financial problems. It is argued that applied definition of distress is independent of legal framework and its predictability would provide more practical solutions. The final sample is selected after industry adjustments and oversampling the data. A wrapper subset data mining approach is applied to extract the most relevant features from financial statement and stock market indicators. An ensemble approach using a combination of DTNB (decision table and naïve base hybrid model), LMT (logistic model tree) and A2DE (alternative N dependence estimator) Bayesian models is used to develop the final prediction model. The performance of all the models is evaluated using a 10‐fold cross‐validation method. Results showed that the proposed model predicted MSFD with 84.06% accuracy. This accuracy increased to 89.57% when a 33.33% cut‐off value was considered. Hence the proposed model is accurate and reliable to identify the true nature and intensity of financial problems regardless of the contextual legal framework.
Three‐dimensional‐based landmark tracker employing a superpixels method for neuroscience, biomechanics, and biology studies
Authors: Haji Maghsoudi Omid , Vahedipour Annie , Spence Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExamining locomotion has improved our basic understanding of motor control and aided in treating motor impairment. Mice and rats are premier models of human disease and increasingly the model systems of choice for basic neuroscience. High frame rates (250 Hz) are needed to quantify the kinematics of these running rodents. Manual tracking, especially for multiple markers, becomes time‐consuming and impossible for large sample sizes. Therefore, the need for automatic segmentation of these markers has grown in recent years. Here, we address this need by presenting a method to segment the markers using the simple linear iterative clustering superpixel method. The two‐dimensional coordinates on the image plane are projected to a three‐dimensional (3D) domain using direct linear transform and a 3D Kalman filter has been used to predict the position of markers based on the speed and position of markers from the previous frames. A probabilistic function is used to find the best match from among superpixels. The method is evaluated for different difficulties for tracking of the markers, and it achieves 95% correct labeling of markers. Finally, the method was used to analyze data from an ongoing study seeking to improve recovery from spinal cord injury in rats
Noninvasive estimation of intravascular volume status in cirrhosis by dynamic size and collapsibility indices of the inferior vena cava using bedside echocardiography
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Rangegowda Devaraja , Kajal Kamal , Khumuckham Jelen S 
Published: March 2019

Background and AimEchocardiographic assessment of the inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) and collapsibility index (IVCCI) is a noninvasive estimate of intravascular volume status (IVS) but requires validation for cirrhosis. We evaluated IVC dynamics in cirrhosis and correlated it with conventional tools such as central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and right atrial pressure (RAP).MethodsA total of 673 consecutive cirrhotic patients were screened by echocardiography, and 125 patients underwent right heart catheterization with recording of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), RAP, pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, and PCWP. CVP data were available for 80 (64%) patients, and finally, 76 patients (84% male, 50% ethanol related, mean age 52.1 years, 57.8% with ascites) with complete data were enrolled.ResultsThe mean CVP measured was 12.8 ± 4.8 mmHg, and IVCCI was 29.5 ± 10.9%. The IVCD ranged from 0.97 to 2.26 cm and from 0.76 to 1.84 cm during expiration and inspiration, respectively, with a mean of 1.8 ± 0.9 cm. The mean IVCD correlated with RAP (r = 0.633, P = 0.043) but not with HVPG (r = 0.344, P = 0.755), PCWP (r = 0.562, P = 0.072), or PA pressure (r = 0.563, P = 0.588). A negative linear correlation was observed between the CVP and the IVCCI (r = −0.827, P = 0.023) in all patients and substratified for those with (r = −0.748, P = 0.039) and without ascites (r = −0.761, P = 0.047). A positive correlation was observed between CVP and IVCDmax (r = 0.671, P = 0.037) and IVCDmin (r = 0.612, P = 0.040).ConclusionsIVCD and collapsibility index provides noninvasive IVS assessment, independent of HVPG or ascites, with the potential for calculating fluid requirements in cirrhosis.