bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenase decreases cell wall‐bound p‐hydroxycinnamates and improves cell wall digestibility in rice
Authors: Yamamoto Senri , Afifi Osama Ahmed , Lam Lydia Pui Ying , Takeda‐Kimura Yuri , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi , Bartley Laura E. , Umezawa Toshiaki , Tobimatsu Yuki 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYIn grass cell walls, ferulic acid (FA) serves as an important cross‐linker between cell wall polymers, such as arabinoxylan (AX) and lignin, affecting the physicochemical properties of the cell walls as well as the utilization properties of grass lignocellulose for biorefinering. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of the FA used for cell wall feruloylation in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatic and gene expression analyses of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) identified two rice ALDH subfamily 2C members, OsHCALDH2 (OsALDH2C2) and OsHCALDH3 (OsALDH2C3), potentially involved in cell wall feruloylation in major vegetative tissues of rice. CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing of OsHCALDH2 and OsHCALDH3 revealed that the contents of AX‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to ~45% in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, demonstrating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. The abundance of hemicellulosic sugars including arabinosyl units on AX was notably reduced in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, whereas cellulose and lignin contents remained unaffected. In addition to reducing cell wall‐bound ferulate, the loss of OsHCALDH2 and/or OsHCALDH3 also partially reduced cell wall‐bound p‐coumarate and sinapate in the vegetative tissues of rice, whereas it did not cause detectable changes in the amount of γ‐oryzanol (feruloyl sterols) in rice seeds. Furthermore, the HCALDH‐edited mutants exhibited improved cell wall saccharification efficiency, both with and without alkaline pretreatment, plausibly due to the reduction in cell wall cross‐linking FA. Overall, HCALDH appears to present a potent bioengineering target for enhancing utilization properties of grass lignocellulose.
Complex Flow Patterns in Compressible Viscoelastic Liquids: Blood Flow Through a Compliant Aorta
Authors: Zubelewicz Aleksander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In viscoelastic liquids, molecules are prone to spatial and temporal ordering. At equilibrium, the collective motions are rare events and their timespan is short. In flowing liquids, the propensity for ordering increases, and once molecular assemblies are formed, they trap a measurable amount of energy. The working hypothesis here is that the ordering phenomena are linked to microinertia forces, where the angular motion enables the collective response of molecules, pure shear supports the irrotational flow, and pressure perturbations aid the thermal fluctuations. The study is solely focused on the mechanistic aspect of the liquid's behavior. In the second part of the article, the model is implemented into a numerical code, where Lagrangian cells are subjected to Eulerian motions. The concept is applied to a medically relevant problem of the blood flow through a compliant aorta decorated with a plaque deposit. We have shown that the flow compressibility and the aorta viscoelasticity are among the key factors responsible for the plaque rupture. It should be stated that plaque rupture is the cause of most heart attacks worldwide.
Surface Effects Study: A Continuum Approach From Fundamental Modes to Higher Modes and Topological Polarization in Orthotropic Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Seema  , Singhal Abhinav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of the current work is to investigate how wave propagation influences the performance of surface acoustics wave (SAW) macro- and nano-sensors. Therefore, shear horizontal (SH) waves use the surface piezoelectricity theory to explore SH waves in an orthotropic piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) layer overlying an elastic framework (Model I), a piezoelectric substrate, and an orthotropic PQC substrate (model II). This study employs a variable-separable technique. The theoretical forms are constructed and used to present the wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium, based on the differential equations and matrix formulation. In addition, we take into account the surface elasticity theory in order to obtain the phase velocity equation. Two configurations are examined: an orthotropic piezoelectric material layer over an elastic framework and a piezoelectric material half-space with a nanosubstrate. Analytical expressions for frequency equations are derived for both symmetric and antisymmetric waves. This study investigates the effects of surface elastic constants, surface density, anisotropic piezoelectric constant, and symmetric and antisymmetric modes on phase velocity. This study is confined to only linear wave propagation. Additionally, the analysis is based on idealized material properties, surface properties, and characteristic length of the material.
Large Language Models for Predicting Empathic Accuracy Between a Designer and a User
Authors: Fabunmi Oluwatoba , Halgamuge Saman , Beck Daniel , Holtta-Otto Katja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Empathic design research aims to gain deep and accurate user understanding. We can measure the designer's empathic ability as empathic accuracy (EA) in understanding the user's thoughts and feelings during an interview. However, the EA measure currently relies on human rating and is thus time-consuming, making the use of large language models (LLMs) an attractive alternative. It is essential to consider two significant constraints when implementing LLMs as a solution: the choice of LLM and the impact of domain-specific datasets. Datasets of the interactions between the designer and the user are not generally available. We present such a dataset consisting of the EA task employed in user interviews to measure empathic understanding. It consists of over 400 pairs of user thoughts or feelings matched with a designer's guess of the same and the human ratings of the accuracy. We compared the performance of six sentence embedding state-of-the-art LLMs with different pooling techniques on the EA task. We used the LLMs to extract semantic information before and after fine-tuning. We conclude that directly using LLMs based on their reported performance in general language tasks could result in errors when judging a designer's empathic ability. We also found that fine-tuning LLMs on our dataset improved their performance, but the model's ability to fit the EA task and pooling method also determined the LLM's performance. The results will provide insight for other LLM-based similarity analyses in design.
Enhanced Antideposition Performance of Film Cooling With a Shaped Sweeping Jet Hole
Authors: Zhang Tianlun , Huang Weichen , Wang Kechen , Wen Xin , Zhou Wenwu , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Shaped sweeping jet (SSJ) holes represent an advancement in sweeping jet (SJ) technology, as they offer enhanced cooling performance. To reveal the antideposition capabilities of SSJs, particle deposition results of 777-shaped and SSJ holes were compared through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. Three-dimensional (3D) deposition topography was measured through the multiperspective scanning (MPS) method across various blowing ratios (M = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). The findings revealed that SSJ holes exhibited superior antideposition performance across a range of blowing ratios, resulting in a 5–14% reduction in deposition roughness compared with the 777-shaped holes. To improve the precision of particle deposition simulations, a novel deposition and removal model incorporating an unsteady simulation strategy was developed and quantitatively validated against experimental results. Computational analyses revealed that the remarkable antideposition performance of SSJ holes was due to the formation of unique vortex structures, distinct from the counter-rotating vortex pair, and the increased level of periodic oscillation-induced wall shear stress near the hole exit. These findings underscore the potential of SSJ technology in film-cooling applications to mitigate deposition concerns.
Effects of Radially Variable Sweep Vanes on Rotor–Stator Interaction Noise
Authors: Shen Zihan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Guangyu , Sun Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article presents a three-dimensional semianalytic cascade model for the prediction of rotor–stator interaction noise, which includes the effects of radially variable sweep angle and chord length to better account for the latest trends in the fan-stage stator design of turbofan aero-engines. The theoretical modeling and solution method are first introduced, with special attention paid to the singularity problem brought by the nonuniformity of the stator vanes in the radial direction. The tonal rotor–stator interaction noise for stators with a radially varying sweep angle or a radially varying chord length is then calculated and analyzed. It is discovered that the phase variation in unsteady pressure loading near the stator leading edge greatly affects the resulting tonal interaction noise, while the sweep of a stator trailing edge shows less influence on the rotor–stator interaction. The duct mode characteristic of the cut-on modes has proved to be an important factor in the design of a swept stator. In addition, the soft vane design can further reduce the tonal interaction noise on a swept stator cascade.
Primary melanoma of the urinary tract: a clinicopathological study of cases and literature review
Authors: Wang Lisha , Wali Mohammed , Sun Yue 
Published: November 2024

AimPrimary malignant melanomas in the bladder or urethra are exceedingly rare. Diagnosing these tumours presents substantial challenges due to their close resemblance in gross appearance and histology to urothelial carcinomas.MethodsA retrospective review of our department archives from 2000 to 2023 identified four cases of primary malignant melanoma in the urinary tract. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsThis retrospective case series investigates the clinical presentations, histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical profiles and molecular features of four unique cases of primary malignant melanoma in the bladder or urethra.ConclusionOur analysis aims to deepen the understanding of the diagnostic and management strategies for this extremely rare disease.
Evaluate the Effects of Low-Power Laser Therapy at 940nm and How it Affects Leukocytic Pyrogen Expression
Authors: Timimi Zahra Al 
Published: November 2024

Leukocytic pyrogens, which are frequently called cytokines that are proinflammatory, initiate and enhance the process of inflammatory reactions when tissues are injured. This is an essential biological process causing a high temperature and boosts the defenses of the immune system to infections. Using laboratory mice as the experimental animal, the study sought to ascertain how cold laser stimulation affects the synthesis and release of leukocytic pyrogens, which are important in initiating and intensifying the body’s reaction to inflammatory damage to tissues. The goal of the research was to ascertain the effects of cold laser treatments on the generation and distribution of these crucial components of the immune system’s ability to protect against pathogens. Forty lab mice were used to create standard 1-cm facial wounds. Two groupings of animals have been formed. A continuous 940-nm laser with 500[Formula: see text]mW of output power, 0.8[Formula: see text]cm2 of beam spot area at the target, and instantaneous delivery of an energy density of 187.5 J/cm2 is used to treat the first group. This happens when the mice sustain injuries and the second group serves as a control group. Leukocytic pyrogen initially appeared to be an immunohistochemistry-positive stain throughout laser-treated and untreated control specimens. In the untreated group, the levels of leukocytic pyrogen increased from the beginning to the third day, then decreased for an entire week, and then increased once more after a period of two weeks. Leukocytic pyrogen concentration, on the other hand, showed a significant decline on both the initial and third days following therapy with laser in comparison to those in the control group. The findings of this investigation suggest that leukocytic pyrogen expression could be impacted by therapeutic lasers. Leukocytic pyrogen levels which evolve show the manner in which the cell reacts to inflammatory conditions. This work presented sheds the spotlight on the possible advantages of medical laser therapy concerning leukocytic pyrogen concentrations as well as indicates interesting possibilities for more studies in this field.
The Effect of In-Plane Wave Vector and Heterostructure Strain on Spin-Transport Properties in ZnO/ZnCdO Heterostructure
Authors: Priyadharshini V. J. , Gopinath D. , Meharajbegum A. , Bruno Chandrasekar L. , Rafi Ahamed S. , Gnanasekaran Lalitha 
Published: November 2024

The effect of in-plane wave vectors on spin-dependent transport properties is examined theoretically. In this work, ZnO/Zn[Formula: see text]CdxO double barrier-heterostructure with an identical barrier width of 30 Å is considered. The transmission coefficient is calculated by using the transfer matrix. The role of Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling is accounted. The in-plane wave vector influences the energy separation between different orientations of the electrons. The spin separation ranges from 0.002[Formula: see text]meV to 0.008[Formula: see text]meV as the in-plane wave vector changes from [Formula: see text]/m to [Formula: see text]/m. The degree of spin polarization is enhanced at the high magnitude of the in-plane wave vector. The dwell time of the incident electrons is examined. The role of heterostructure strain on spin-transport properties is also reported. About 73% of polarization efficiency is observed in this study when the heterostructure strain is observed.
Rational Design of Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Dexketoprofen Determination in Human Plasma: Application based on Molecularly Imprinted Co-Polymer
Authors: Nessiem Marina A. , Riad Safa’a M. , Fayed Ahmed S. , Mahmoud Amr M. , Arafa Reham M. 
Published: November 2024

A simple, repeatable, and inexpensive molecularly imprinted co-polymer (MIP) sensor was fabricated for Dexketoprofen (DKP) determination. One-step electro-polymerization of levodopa (L-dopa) and o-phenylenediamine (oPD) functional monomers onto a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) with DKP as a template molecule has been developed to fabricate Dexketoprofen PGE/MIP (L-Dopa-co-oPD) sensor. Choice of functional monomers was guided by UV-spectrophotometric method to examine the binding interactions between the template and monomers. The fabricated PGE/MIP (L-Dopa-co-oPD) sensor was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By employing differential pulse voltammetry, quantitative measurements of DKP were obtained by measuring the decline of the redox probe signal (ferrocyanide/ferricyanide) in presence of the drug. The results revealed a consistent voltammetric response with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 with LOD and LOQ to be 4.0 × 10−15 M and 1.2 × 10−4 M, respectively, over a dynamic linearity range of 1.0 × 10−12 M to 1.0 × 10−14 M of DKP. The sensor exhibited great selectivity for the DKP over structurally related and concurrently delivered drugs allowing its application in its pharmaceutical dosage form and in human plasma samples. The proposed technique was assessed by white analytical chemistry via RGB model showing affordable, environmentally friendly, robust, effective, and sustainable analysis of drug samples.
High Performance of All-Solid-State Batteries with PEO:NaTFSI at 40 °C
Authors: Peta Gayathri , Samala Nagaprasad Reddy , Fayena-Greenstein Miryam , Elias Yuval , Aurbach Doron 
Published: November 2024

Developing polymer electrolytes as an alternative to aprotic liquid electrolytes for lithium and sodium-ion batteries aims to enhance their safety, durability, and cost. Among these, polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a favorite choice due to its wide availability, excellent versatility, and mechanical properties. PEO:NaTFSI and PEO:NaFSI are stable and efficient ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes compared to other PEO:NaX matrices (for instance, X = [PF6]−, [ClO4]−). We tested Na/PEO:NaTFSI/NVP cells at low temperatures (40 °C) and carried out a series of electrochemical measurements to extract vital performance metrics such as diffusion coefficient, transference number, conductivity, and activation energy. Our findings emphasize the important role of the anions’ nature in the properties of polymeric electrolytes like those based on PEO, in which there are strong interactions between the ions and the oxygen atoms. Highly important are the interfacial interactions of the anions with the electrodes, which form surface species that determine stability and charge-transfer kinetics. Significant impact of TFSI anions on the cathode-electrolyte interfacial properties may explain the exceptional performance of sodium batteries at 40 °C, which is below the melting temperature of PEO. Our findings may open the door for an effective operation of solid-state batteries at room temperatures.
Pediatric Uveitis in a Tertiary Referral Center in East China: Clinical Patterns and Visual Outcomes
Authors: Lei Boya , Zhou Xianjin , Gu Ruiping , Shu Qinmeng , Ding Xinyi , Jiang Rui , Chang Qing , Xu Gezhi , Liu Haimei , Sun Li , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2024

Background: To describe the clinical patterns and visual outcomes of pediatric uveitis at a tertiary referral center in East China.Methods: Retrospective case series. Clinical records of patients with pediatric uveitis who presented between January 2014 and July 2021 were reviewed.Results: The children included (n = 283; 146 females, 137 males) had a mean age at presentation of 10.6 ± 3.5 years. There was a predominance of chronic (62.9%), noninfectious (81.3%) disease, and anterior uveitis was the most common uveitis type (54.8%). Idiopathic chronic anterior uveitis (17.3%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated anterior uveitis (16.3%) were the most common noninfectious types; ocular toxocariasis (14.8%) and viral retinitis (1.4%) were the most common infectious etiologies. Ocular complications were observed in 53.0% of patients during follow‐up. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy was administered to 66.8% of patients, 67.2% of whom required immunosuppressive drugs and/or biological agents (127/189 children). Surgical treatment was conducted in 38 (13.4%) patients. Improvement or preservation of visual acuity was observed in 95.2% of patients for whom follow‐up visual acuity was recorded (179/188 patients).Conclusions: Pediatric uveitis was predominantly chronic and noninfectious, with anterior involvement. Systemic therapy was required by most patients, and most eyes showed improved visual acuity.
Polygenic Risk Score, Healthy Lifestyle Score, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Chen Weiwei , Fu Chengqu , Liu Xinyi , Miao Junyan , Li Jiacong , Li Ni , Hang Dong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Both genetic factors and lifestyle play a critical role in colorectal cancer, but the extent to which an increased genetic risk can be offset by a healthy lifestyle remains unclear.

Methods:
We included 51,171 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer cohort. A polygenic risk score was created based on 205 genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer, and a healthy lifestyle score was constructed based on six lifestyle factors. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of genetic and lifestyle factors with colorectal cancer incidence.

Results:
Compared with individuals at low genetic risk (the lowest 20%), those with intermediate genetic risk (20%–80%) and high genetic risk (the highest 20%) had a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.71 and 2.52, respectively). Compared with participants with a favorable lifestyle (scoring 4–6), those with an unfavorable lifestyle (scoring 0 or 1) had a 47% higher risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover, participants with a high genetic risk and a favorable lifestyle had a 45% lower risk of colorectal cancer than those with a high genetic risk and an unfavorable lifestyle, with their 10-year absolute risks of 1.29% and 2.07%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle holds promise to reduce the genetic impact on colorectal cancer risk.

Impact:
This study indicates that modifiable lifestyle factors play an important role in colorectal cancer prevention, providing new insights for personalized prevention strategies.
Response of Blood Pressure to Renal Denervation Is Not Associated With Genetic Variants
Authors: Delles Christian , Schmieder Roland E. , Daly Rónán , Kannenkeril Dennis , Bosch Agnes , Lauder Lucas , Kunz Michael , Böhm Michael , Hamilton Graham , Schmieder Raphael S. , Schmid Axel , Herzyk Pawel , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Renal denervation lowers blood pressure (BP) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. We conducted an unbiased genomic screen to identify genetic variants that may associate with BP response to renal denervation (RDN).

METHODS:
Patients (n=268) with uncontrolled resistant hypertension (baseline BP, 166±21/90±15 mm Hg) who underwent endovascular RDN using the Symplicity catheter (Medtronic, Inc, Santa Rosa, CA) were included. Reduction in 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP was assessed at 6 months and divided into 2 groups: above and below the median response of 6.0 mm Hg, taking preintervention 24-hour ambulatory BP and regression to the mean into account. Whole exome sequencing assessing 249 669 variants, was conducted using Illumina NovaSeq technology read on a NovaSeq S4 Flow Cell device.

RESULTS:

We did not identify individual gene variants associated with BP response following RDN. These findings were confirmed after adjustment for sex and in a sensitivity analysis looking at tertiles of BP response. We also explored specific variants in
AGT
,
ADD1
, ADRB1,
ADRB2
, and
SCNN1A
that have been proposed as potential candidate genes for response and found no association (all
P
>0.13). Gene ontology analysis of variants across the 2 responder groups highlighted differences in biologic processes such as cell adhesion and molecular function such as protein tyrosine kinase activity.

CONCLUSIONS:
The response to RDN, in terms of 24-hour BP reduction, was not associated with the genetic profile of patients with resistant hypertension. These data do not support the use of a genetic score to identify potential responders to RDN.