bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Interfacial Design for Efficient CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Photostability
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Xue Qifan , Tang Xiaofeng , Chen Yuxuan , Li Ning , Hu Zhicheng , Shi Tingting , Wang Xin , Huang Fei , Brabec Christoph J. , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA synergic interface design is demonstrated for photostable inorganic mixed‐halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) by applying an amino‐functionalized polymer (PN4N) as cathode interlayer and a dopant‐free hole‐transporting polymer poly[5,5′‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate‐alt‐5,5′‐2,2′‐bithiophene] (PDCBT) as anode interlayer. First, the interfacial dipole formed at the cathode interface reduces the workfunction of SnO2, while PDCBT with deeper‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level provides a better energy‐level matching at the anode, leading to a significant enhancement in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the PVSCs. Second, the PN4N layer can also tune the surface wetting property to promote the growth of high‐quality all‐inorganic perovskite films with larger grain size and higher crystallinity. Most importantly, both theoretical and experimental results reveal that PN4N and PDCBT can interact strongly with the perovskite crystal, which effectively passivates the electronic surface trap states and suppresses the photoinduced halide segregation of CsPbI2Br films. Therefore, the optimized CsPbI2Br PVSCs exhibit reduced interfacial recombination with efficiency over 16%, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported for all‐inorganic PVSCs. A high photostability with a less than 10% efficiency drop is demonstrated for the CsPbI2Br PVSCs with dual interfacial modifications under continuous 1 sun equivalent illumination for 400 h.
A Highly Stretchable Liquid Metal Polymer as Reversible Transitional Insulator and Conductor
Authors: Wang Hongzhang , Yao Youyou , He Zhizhu , Rao Wei , Hu Liang , Chen Sen , Lin Ju , Gao Jianye , Zhang Pengju , Sun Xuyang , Wang Xiangjiang , Cui Yuntao , Wang Qian , Dong Shijin , Chen Guozhen , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMaterials with a temperature‐controlled reversible electrical transition between insulator and conductor are attracting huge attention due to their promising applications in many fields. However, most of them are intrinsically rigid and require complicated fabrication processes. Here, a highly stretchable (680% strain) liquid metal polymer composite as a reversible transitional insulator and conductor (TIC), which is accompanied with huge resistivity changes (more than 4 × 109 times) reversibly through a tuning temperature in a few seconds is introduced. When frozen, the insulated TIC becomes conductive and recovers after warming. Both the phase change of the liquid metal droplets and the rigidity change of the polymer contribute directly to transition between insulator and conductor. A simplified model is established to predict the expansion and connection of liquid metal droplets. Along with high stretchability, straightforward fabrication methods, rapid triggering time, large switching ratio, good repeatability, the TIC offers tremendous possibilities for numerous applications, like stretchable switches, semiconductors, temperature sensors, and resistive random‐access memory. Accordingly, a system that can display numbers and letters via converting alternative TIC temperature to a binary signal on a computer is conceived and demonstrated. The present discovery suggests a general strategy for fabricating and stimulating a stretchable transitional insulator and conductor based on liquid metal and allied polymers.
Precise Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into Ordered Nanoarchitectures Directed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein
Authors: Zhang Jianting , Zhou Kun , Zhang Yejun , Du Mingming , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembly guided by biological molecules is a promising approach for fabricating predesigned nanostructures. Protein is one such biomolecule possessing deterministic 3D crystal structure and peptide information, which acts as a good candidate for templating functional nanoparticles (fNPs). However, inadequate coordination efficacy during the establishment of interfacial interactions with fNPs makes it highly challenging to precisely fabricate designed nanostructures and functional materials. Here, a facile and robust strategy is reported for the hierarchical assembly of fNPs into ordered architectures, with unprecedentedly large sizes up to tens of micrometers, using a hollow cylinder‐shaped tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV disk). The rational design of the site‐specific functional groups on the TMV disk not only demonstrates the powerful capability of directing various discrete fNP assemblies with high controllability but also assists in precise assembly of a TMV monolayer sheet structure for further organizing homogeneous and heterogeneous fNP periodic lattices by varying the types of fNPs. The high precision and adjustability of the pattern fashions of different fNPs unambiguously corroborate the validity of this innovative strategy, which provides a convenient route to design and assemble protein‐based hierarchical ordered architectures for use in nanophotonics and nanodevices.
Videolaryngoscope‐assisted flexible intubation tracheal tube exchange in a patient with a difficult airway
Authors: Saunders T. G. , Gibbins M. L. , Seller C. A. , Kelly F. E. , Cook T. M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAn 88‐year‐old woman presented with acute airway obstruction caused by a large retrothyroid bleed following anterior neck trauma. Her airway was secured in the operating theatre with an awake nasal flexible optical bronchoscope tracheal intubation using an Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway tracheal tube. Haemostasis was achieved following surgical ligation and the patient was transferred to the critical care unit. Postoperatively, a large leak around the tracheal tube was noted and a decision was made to change to an orotracheal tube with a subglottic drainage port. Our exchange technique required two experienced operators. The first operator used videolaryngoscopy with a hyperangulated blade to establish an optimal view of the larynx. The second operator placed an airway exchange catheter through the existing nasal tracheal tube to ensure airway control. The trachea was then intubated orally using a flexible optical bronchoscope observed under direct vision using the videolaryngoscope. The technique combined several simple and well‐documented approaches, but importantly, the airway remained secure and visible throughout the procedure.
A rare late complication of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia repair
Authors: Weir A. , Bartlett E. , Bowling K. , Andrews S. , Guest T. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe report a case of sudden cardiovascular collapse several weeks following surgical repair of a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. The patient presented with features of circulatory shock without a clear diagnosis, therefore an urgent computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen was undertaken, which revealed a pericardial effusion with evidence of cardiac tamponade. Ultrasound‐guided needle pericardiocentesis with aspiration of blood from the pericardial sac in the Emergency Department provided an immediate response and her cardiac output improved. On review of the imaging, it is likely a surgically‐placed permanent metallic fixation device, sitting near the pericardium, caused bleeding into the pericardial sac due to local trauma as a delayed postoperative complication.
Mapping Spanish settlement at Santa Elena, 1566–1587: An integrated archaeogeophysical approach
Authors: Lulewicz Jacob , Thompson Victor D. , DePratter Chester B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSanta Elena, located on Parris Island along the coast of South Carolina, was the first capital, and northernmost permanent settlement, of Spanish La Florida. Over two decades of occupation (ad 1566–1587), five forts were successively built while by ad 1569 a burgeoning Spanish settlement of over 200 people, complete with artisans, farmers, and Jesuit missionaries, flourished. Here, we articulate the results of recent, full‐coverage ground‐penetrating radar and magnetic gradiometry surveys with over 40 years of extant archaeological data to elucidate organizational characteristics of the Spanish settlement at Santa Elena. In particular, we use geophysical data to identify the potential locations of buried Spanish wells across the site. We identify roughly 200 potential well locations and compare these locations to the distribution of Spanish artifacts across the site yielded through a full‐coverage shovel test survey, the arrangement of Spanish structures known from large‐scale block excavations, and the likely position of roadways and house lots. This new data is used to contextualize and refine extant understandings of Santa Elena's town plan while also contributing to a broader research program devoted to exploring Spanish colonial life and settlement in 16th‐century North America (The Santa Elena Landscape Project). As Santa Elena is a National Historic Landmark currently threatened by rising sea levels, this work contributes to an efficient, minimally invasive research program devoted to exploring the Spanish settlement at Santa Elena and to documenting the range of cultural resources present at the site for the purposes of protection and remediation in the context of significant, ongoing shoreline erosion.
In situ Synthesis of a Bismuth Layer on a Sodium Metal Anode for Fast Interfacial Transport in Sodium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Ma Mingyue , Lu Yong , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNa metal has shown great promise as anode material for Na‐based batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low potential, high abundance, and low cost. However, the uneven solid electrolyte interphase layer formed on the Na anode surface caused by side reactions with the electrolyte and serious corrosion will lead to dendrite formation and safety issues. Here we report a stable Na anode by coating a Bi layer, which is formed in situ through simple ion‐exchange. The compact Bi layer can effectively prevent Na reacting with the electrolyte and suppress the formation of dendrites. The Na/Bi anode exhibits high exchange current densities and fast charge‐transfer kinetics. As a result, the overpotential of the symmetric cells using this Na/Bi electrode does not increase obviously after cycling for 1000 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the Na−O2 batteries with Na/Bi anode can run for 50 cycles. The presented surface coating approach provides a new strategy to protect Na anodes in Na‐based batteries.
On the use of acridinium indicators for the chemiluminescent determination of the total antioxidant capacity of dietary supplements
Authors: Krzymiński Karol K. , Roshal Alexander D. , Rudnicki‐Velasquez Paweł B. , Żamojć Krzysztof 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcridinium salts, due to their chemiluminogenic properties, have found several applications in biomedical analysis as labels and indicators, where the assessment of emission intensity is used for the end‐point detection. This work presents the use of chemiluminescent indicators in the form of selected acridinium esters in order to determine the antioxidant properties of exemplary formulations, namely quercetin, vitamin C and the dietary supplement, Apiextract. The principle of measurements is based on a change in the kinetics of emission decay derived from the acridinium cations in alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an antioxidant (the analyte). The proposed system makes a beneficial alternative to related methods, which mostly rely on the assessment of emission efficiency and use the luminometric standard luminol – due to superior parameters of acridinium chemiluminescence, among others ‐ high temporary emission efficiency. The features of the proposed method are manifested by a shorter time period of analysis and lower background signals associated with the environmental influences, as compared to typical approaches. The chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) analyses of the substrates and products generated during chemiluminogenic oxidation of acridinium cations under assay conditions are also presented.
Covalent Organic Frameworks: A New Class of Porous Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Guo Hao , Xue Rui , Li Qi , Liu Hui , Wu Ning , Yao Wenqin , Yang Wu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of porous organic materials, which are constructed with periodic organic units comprised entirely of light elements (typically C, H, O, N and B) and linked by strong covalent bonds. COFs have been applied in extensive fields, owing to their extraordinary properties in areas such as gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, sensors, semiconductors, drug delivery, and photoconduction. In particular, the ordered micropore or mesopore structures, high surface areas, and designable structures have enabled COFs to become new candidates for supercapacitor electrode materials. This Minireview focuses on the major progress of COFs as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Graphene Nanoscrolls with Confined Silicon Nanoparticles as a Durable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yongkang , Fu Rusheng , Fan Chongzhao , Long Zuxin , Shao Guangjie , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSilicon anodes have been given great focus due to the unparalleled theoretical specific capacity. However, destructive volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation processes and intrinsic inferior electrical conductivity cause drastic capacity decay. Forming composites with conductive and stretchable material is an effective solution to address these problems. Here, a three‐dimensional continuous conductive network consisting of one‐dimensional flexible graphene nanoscroll wrapped silicon nanoparticles (Si@GNS) is realized by a simple cold quenching method followed by a facile annealing process. GNS acted as conductive framework and elastic buffer layer, improving electrochemical reaction kinetics and suppressing Si volume expansion, respectively. Hence, Si@GNS shows excellent rate capability of 760 mAh g−1 even at 2 A g−1 and long‐term cycling stability of 81.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Absolute Oral Bioavailability of Glasdegib (PF‐04449913), a Smoothened Inhibitor, in Randomized Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Shaik Naveed , Hee Brian , Liang Yali , LaBadie Robert Roland 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlasdegib (PF‐04449913) is an oral small‐molecule inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway under development for treating myeloid malignancies. This was an open‐label phase 1, randomized, 2‐sequence, 2‐treatment, 2‐period, crossover study evaluating the absolute bioavailability of glasdegib in healthy volunteers under fasting condition (NCT03270878). In period 1, 12 eligible subjects received either a single oral dose of glasdegib 100 mg (tablet) or a single intravenous (IV) dose of glasdegib 50 mg. Following ≥6‐day washout, subjects received the treatment that they did not receive in the first period. Blood samples were collected for up to 96 hours after dosing. Drug plasma concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Glasdegib pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. The mean terminal half‐life was 14.3 hours for oral tablet treatment vs 13.8 hours for glasdegib IV treatment. The absolute oral bioavailability measured as the ratios (oral/IV) of adjusted geometric mean (90% confidence interval) of dose normalized area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 77.12% (71.83%‐82.81%). Two adverse events (1 mild and 1 moderate in severity) were reported by 2 subjects following oral tablet administration; these were fully resolved by the end of the study.
Improving the management efficiency of GPU workloads in data centers through GPU virtualization
Authors: Iserte Sergio , Prades Javier , Reaño Carlos , Silla Federico 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGraphics processing units (GPUs) are currently used in data centers to reduce the execution time of compute‐intensive applications. However, the use of GPUs presents several side effects, such as increased acquisition costs and larger space requirements. Furthermore, GPUs require a nonnegligible amount of energy even while idle. Additionally, GPU utilization is usually low for most applications. In a similar way to the use of virtual machines, using virtual GPUs may address the concerns associated with the use of these devices. In this regard, the remote GPU virtualization mechanism could be leveraged to share the GPUs present in the computing facility among the nodes of the cluster. This would increase overall GPU utilization, thus reducing the negative impact of the increased costs mentioned before. Reducing the amount of GPUs installed in the cluster could also be possible. However, in the same way as job schedulers map GPU resources to applications, virtual GPUs should also be scheduled before job execution. Nevertheless, current job schedulers are not able to deal with virtual GPUs. In this paper, we analyze the performance attained by a cluster using the remote Compute Unified Device Architecture middleware and a modified version of the Slurm scheduler, which is now able to assign remote GPUs to jobs. Results show that cluster throughput, measured as jobs completed per time unit, is doubled at the same time that the total energy consumption is reduced up to 40%. GPU utilization is also increased.
Fast dynamic routing based on weighted kernel density estimation
Authors: Zhang Suofei , Zhao Wei , Wu Xiaofu , Zhou Quan 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCapsules as well as dynamic routing between them are most recently proposed structures for deep neural networks. A capsule groups data into vectors or matrices as poses rather than conventional scalars to represent specific properties of target instance.Based on pose,a capsule should be attached to a probability (often denoted as activation) for its presence. The dynamic routing helps capsule network achieve more generalization capacity with fewer model parameters. However, the bottleneck, which prevents widespread applications of capsule, is the expense of computation during routing. To address this problem, we generalize existing routing methods within the framework of weighted kernel density estimation, proposing two fast routing methods with different optimization strategies. Our methods prompt the time efficiency of routing by nearly 40% with negligible performance degradation. By stacking a hybrid of convolutional layers and capsule layers, we construct a network architecture to handle inputs at a resolution of 64 × 64 pixels. The proposed models achieve a parallel performance with other leading methods in multiple benchmarks.
An Original Monomer Sampling from a Ready‐Made Aβ42 NMR Fibril Suggests a Turn‐β‐Strand Synergetic Seeding Mechanism
Authors: Liu Chengqiang , Zhao Wei , Xing Xiaofeng , Shi Hu , Kang Baotao , Liu Haiying , Li Ping , Ai Hongqi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is a central step of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ42 monomers are building blocks in the formation of both “on pathway” intermediate structures and “off pathway” oligomers. How to sample an Aβ monomer becomes a problem however due to the instinct of Aβ high flexibility and diversity as well as aggregation propensity. Currently, (1) most samplings focus on either the ready‐made helix‐rich 1Z0Q/1IYT NMR structure, or the completely extended conformation, but (2) few on a ready‐made Aβ NMR fibril (i. e., 2BEG). Here we compare the simulation results from sampling in scheme (1) with that in scheme (2), and find that the coil and β‐sheet contents in the 1Z0Q‐sampled system are comparable to the counterparts in the 2BEG‐sampled system, but with a large difference in simulation time and dynamics character. 1Z0Q‐sampled system not only takes several times longer than the 2BEG‐sampled one, and only β1‐seeding dynamics characteristic is observed probably due to far insufficient conformation transition in the limited simulation time. Two dynamics characteristics of Aβ42 folding observed experimentally, that either β1 region or β2 region aggregates first, reproduce in the present simulations for 2BEG‐sampled system however, suggesting a preferential sampling in the future simulation. In addition, a turn‐β‐strand synergetic seeding mechanism of aggregation is first proposed based on the trajectory analyses on the four regions of Aβ42 chain.
Microporous Triptycene‐Based Affinity Materials on Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Tracing of Illicit Compounds
Authors: Prantl Ephraim , Kohl Bernd , Ryvlin Dimitrij , Biegger Philipp , Wadepohl Hubert , Rominger Frank , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Mastalerz Michael , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTriptycene‐based organic molecules of intrinsic microporosity (OMIMs) with extended functionalized π‐surfaces are excellent materials for gas sorption and separation. In this study, the affinities of triptycene‐based OMIM affinity materials on 195 MHz high‐fundamental‐frequency quartz crystal microbalances (HFF‐QCMs) for hazardous and illicit compounds such as piperonal and (–)‐norephedrine were determined. Both new and existing porous triptycene‐based affinity materials were investigated, resulting in very high sensitivities and selectivities that could be applied for sensing purposes. Remarkable results were found for safrole – a starting material for illicit compounds such as ecstasy. A systematic approach highlights the effects of different size of π‐surfaces of these affinity materials, allowing a classification of the properties that might be optimal for the design of future OMIM‐based affinity materials.
Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Stanković Anamarija , Šafranko Silvija , Kontrec Jasminka , Njegić Džakula Branka , Lyons Daniel M. , Marković Berislav , Kralj Damir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis work focuses on systematic research of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in model systems mimicking the chemical conditions typical for hyperoxaluria. For this purpose, model systems of three different complexities (simple, NaCl, and artificial urine system) and two initial pH (pHi = 5.0 and pHi = 9.0) at 37 °C are studied. In all investigated systems, dominant precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is observed, except in artificial urine system at pHi = 9.0, ci(C2O42−) ≥ 6.0 mmol dm−3 and ci(Ca2+) ≥ 7.5 mmol dm−3, where precipitation of a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate occurs. The significant difference is mainly observed in COM crystal morphology. In a simple system, COM precipitates in a dendritic form; in NaCl system, dendritic form and irregular shapes are found, while in the artificial urine, prismatic hexagonal and aggregated COM crystals precipitate.