bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Elastic and Reversibly Stretchable All‐Polymer Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Yukun , Chen Feng , Liu Zhuoxin , Tang Zijie , Yang Qi , Zhao Yan , Du Shanyi , Chen Qiang , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple stretchability has never been demonstrated as supercapacitors because the hydrogel used cannot fully recover after being heavily deformed. Now, a highly reversibly stretchable all‐polymer supercapacitor was fabricated using a developed double network hydrogel (DN hydrogel) as electrolyte and pure polypyrrole (PPy) as electrode. The DN hydrogel provides excellent mechanical properties, which can be stretched up to 500 % many times and then restore almost 100 % of the original length. To fabricate the fully recoverable stretchable supercapacitor, we annealed a free‐standing pure conducting polymer film as electrode so that the electrodes induced retardance is minimized. The as‐fabricated DN hydrogel/pure conducting polymer supercapacitors can be perfectly recovered from 100 % strain with almost no residual deformation left and the electrochemical performance can be maintained even after 1000 stretches (but not bending).
Super‐hydrophilic electrospun PVDF/PVA‐blended nanofiber membrane for microfiltration with ultrahigh water flux
Authors: Li Meimei , Li Jingde , Zhou Mi , Xian Yupei , Shui Yonggang , Wu Mengqiang , Yao Yongyi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis work provides a novel approach to improve not only water flux but also fouling resistance of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. PVDF/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐blended nanofiber membranes were prepared via electrospinning method. The structure and performance of blended nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), attenuated total reflection‐Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, tensile mechanical measurement, and filtration experiments. These results indicate that PVA was uniformly blend in the PVDF matrix. This blended nanofiber membranes with the ridge‐and‐valley structure and bicontinuous phase exhibited the hydrophilic performance and super‐wettability, which is reflected in a drop of water fully spread within 1.44 s. Filtration experiments showed that the blended nanofiber membranes have ultrahigh flux and low irreversible fouling ratio. In general, this work enhances the possibility of hydrophilic modification of hydrophobic PVDF membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48416.
Porous Cationic Covalent Triazine‐Based Frameworks as Platforms for Efficient CO2 and Iodine Capture
Authors: Xu Guangjuan , Zhu Yiang , Xie Wei , Zhang Shuran , Yao Chan , Xu Yanhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPorous cationic covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs) with imidazolium salts as tectons were prepared via ionothermal synthesis. The high‐PF6−‐content CTF shows the CO2 adsorption of 44.7 cm3 g−1 and I2 capture capacity of 312 wt %. The influence of counterion species and contents on the porosities, CO2 adsorptions, and I2 capture capacities of the CTFs has been investigated.
Human model of burn injury that quantifies the benefit of cooling as a first aid measure
Authors: Wright E H , Tyler M , Vojnovic B , Pleat J , Harris A , Furniss D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Burn injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cooling is widely practised as a first aid measure, but the efficacy of cooling burns in human skin has not been demonstrated. A safe, consistent, ethically acceptable model of burning and cooling in live human skin in vivo was developed, and used to quantify the effects of cooling.

Methods
Novel apparatus was manufactured to create and cool burns in women who were anaesthetized for breast reconstruction surgery using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Burns were excised between 1 and 3 h after creation, and analysed using histopathological assessment.

Results
All 25 women who were approached agreed to take part in the study. There were no adverse events. Increased duration of contact led to increased burn depth, with a contact time of 7·5 s at 70°C leading to a mid-dermal burn. Burn depth progressed over time following injury, but importantly this was modified by cooling the burn at 16°C for 20 min. On average, cooling salvaged 25·2 per cent of the dermal thickness.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the favourable effects of cooling on human burns. Public heath messaging should emphasize cooling as first aid for burns. This model will allow analysis of the molecular effects of cooling burns, and provide a platform for testing novel therapies aimed at reducing the impact of burn injury.
Validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of cancer in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and main duct dilatation of 10 mm or less
Authors: Jung W , Park T , Kim Y , Park H , Han Y , He J , Wolfgang C L , Blair A , Rashid M F , Kluger M D , Su G H , Chabot J A , Yang C-Y , Lou W , Valente R , Del Chiaro M , Shyr Y-M , Wang S-E , Huijgevoort N C M , Besselink M G , Yang Y , Kim H , Kwon W , Kim S-W , Jang J-Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is premalignant pancreatic lesion. International guidelines offer limited predictors of individual risk. A nomogram to predict individual IPMN malignancy risk was released, with good diagnostic performance based on a large cohort of Asian patients with IPMN. The present study validated a nomogram to predict malignancy risk and invasiveness of IPMN using both Eastern and Western cohorts.

Methods
Clinicopathological and radiological data from patients who underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN at four centres each in Eastern and Western countries were collected. After excluding patients with missing data for at least one malignancy predictor in the nomogram (main pancreatic duct diameter, cyst size, presence of mural nodule, serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels, and age).

Results
In total, data from 393 patients who fit the criteria were analysed, of whom 265 were from Eastern and 128 from Western institutions. Although mean age, sex, log value of serum CA19-9 level, tumour location, main duct diameter, cyst size and presence of mural nodule differed between the Korean/Japanese, Eastern and Western cohorts, rates of malignancy and invasive cancer did not differ significantly. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve values for the nomogram predicting malignancy were 0·745 for Eastern, 0·856 for Western and 0·776 for combined cohorts; respective values for the nomogram predicting invasiveness were 0·736, 0·891 and 0·788.

Conclusions
External validation of the nomogram showed good performance in predicting cancer in both Eastern and Western patients with IPMN lesions.
The evolution of corporate no net loss and net positive impact biodiversity commitments: Understanding appetite and addressing challenges
Authors: de Silva Gyan Charitha , Regan Eugenie Christine , Pollard Edward Henry Beattie , Addison Prue Frances Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe World Economic Forum has identified biodiversity loss as an increasingly significant and impactful risk facing business. However, businesses themselves can negatively impact on biodiversity. Recognizing this, a number of companies have developed their own biodiversity commitments, including those to achieve a no net loss (NNL) or net positive impact (NPI) on biodiversity by balancing or outweighing any negative impacts through mitigation activities. We reviewed corporate‐level NNL and NPI commitments over the last two decades to establish the extent of their adoption, retraction, and scientific foundation. Between 2001 and 2016, 66 companies had made NNL/NPI environmental commitments. Thirty three of these 66 companies made specific biodiversity commitments. The numbers of companies making commitments increased in that period. However, some commitments were retracted, or their status became unclear, leaving only 18 companies with active NNL/NPI biodiversity commitments in 2016. Added to this, many of the commitments are lacking science‐based criteria that would allow more transparent and systematic assessment of corporate activities. Thus, although commitments are being made, they may not be delivering as intended. To secure real biodiversity gains, we recommend advancing methods to assess biodiversity risks to businesses, and using science‐based criteria to deepen corporate commitments and actions. Concerted effort from all sectors is needed to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, and the “biodiversity policy super‐year” of 2020 is the perfect moment for business to deliver through well‐framed and implemented commitments to biodiversity NPI.
Interference of Seasonal Variation on the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Iryanthera polyneura in the Amazon Rain Forest
Authors: Martins Erika R. , Díaz Ingrit E. C. , Paciencia Mateus L. B. , Fana Sergio A. , Morais Damila , Eberlin Marcos N. , Silva Jefferson S. , Silveira Elielson R. , Barros Matheus P. , Suffredini Ivana B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe essential oils (EOs) obtained from the leaves of Iryanthera polyneura Ducke trees was chemically Assessed and tested for the ability of inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis. The oil was also tested against breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer cell lines. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and 50 % inhibition concentrations (IC50) values were obtained. EOs were active against Gram‐positive bacteria. Spathulenol, α‐cadinol and τ‐muurolol were major components of EOs. The oils showed a higher cytotoxicity against PC‐3 than MCF‐7 cells, although the oils were active against both cell types. Oils obtained from leaves collected in the dry season were more active against E. faecalis, S. aureus and PC‐3, while the oils obtained from leaves collected in the rainy season were more active against S. mutans, S. sanguinis and MCF‐7. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from the leaves of I. polyneura are related to the seasonal climate variation and are influenced by compounds that are minor components of the oils.
Successful cryoballoon ablation of a focal atrial tachycardia in a patient with situs inversus and dextrocardia
Authors: Akkaya Ersan , Sözener Korkut , Rixe Johannes , Erkapic Damir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCryoballoon ablation of an arrhythmogenic focus alongside a pulmonary vein as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation may be feasible and safe in patients with situs inversus and dextrocardia.
A practical convolutional neural network model for discriminating Raman spectra of human and animal blood
Authors: Dong Jialin , Hong Mingjian , Xu Yi , Zheng Xiangquan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA practical convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed to discriminate the Raman spectra of human and animal blood. The proposed network, which discards the pooling layers to avoid loss of data, consists of preprocessing and fully connected classifier layers. Two preprocessing layers, namely, denoising and baseline correction layer, are designed to allow only one kernel for each layer to explicitly suppress the noise and subtract varying background of the spectra. The network combines the preprocessing and discrimination to form a whole processing unit and learns parameters adaptively by training from 217 of 326 Raman spectra of human, dog, and rabbit blood samples. The trained network is evaluated by remaining 109 samples and shows better classification accuracy, as compared with the PLSDA and SVM.
A Selective Cucurbit[8]uril‐Peptide Beacon Ensemble for the Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Peptides
Authors: Maity Debabrata , Assaf Khaleel I. , Sicking Wilhelm , Hirschhäuser Christoph , Nau Werner M. , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA convenient supramolecular strategy for constructing a ratiometric fluorescent chemosensing ensemble, consisting of a macrocyclic host (cucurbit[8]uril CB[8]), and a pyrene‐tagged amphiphilic peptide beacon (AP 1), is reported. AP 1 unfolds upon encapsulation of the pyrene termini into the hydrophobic CB[8] cavity. This changes pyrene excimer to monomer emission. Substrates with higher affinity for the CB[8] cavity can displace AP 1 from the ensemble. The released AP 1 folds again to form a pyrene excimer, which allows for the ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of the substrate. In this report, the ensemble capacity for ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of biological substrates, such as amino acid derivatives, specific peptides, and proteins, in aqueous media is demonstrated.
SiO2‐Coated ZnO Nanoflakes Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Bettini Simona , Pagano Rosanna , Semeraro Paola , Ottolini Michela , Salvatore Luca , Marzo Fabio , Lovergine Nicola , Giancane Gabriele , Valli Ludovico 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany strategies have been adopted to improve the photoinduced features of zinc oxide nanostructures for different application fields. In this work, zinc oxide has been synthesised and decorated by plasmonic metal nanoparticles to enhance its photocatalytic activity in the visible range. Furthermore, an insulating layer of SiO2 has been grown between the surface of zinc oxide nanoflakes and silver nanoparticles. A synthetic procedure that allows the accurate modulation of the insulating layer thickness in the range 5–40 nm has been developed. Evidences highlight the crucial role of the SiO2 layer in dramatically increasing photocatalytic water oxidation promoted by the nanostructure under both UV and visible illumination. An ideal thickness value of about 10 nm has been demonstrated to guarantee the plasmon‐induced resonance energy‐transfer process and to quench the Förster resonance energy‐transfer mechanism; thus, optimising the local surface plasmon resonance effect and water oxidation properties.
Synthesis and Cyclization‐Induced Charge Transfer of Rectangular Bisterthiophenesiloxanes
Authors: Li Chensen , Hu Jian , Tashiro Kohji , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCyclization‐modified terthiophene displays the change of emission behavior from locally excited (LE) to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The rectangular bisterthiophenesiloxanes (DSiTh) was successfully prepared by π–π‐stacking‐aided hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Cyclization‐induced ICT in DSiTh could be observed, which was confirmed by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and quantum chemistry analysis. The cyclization produces a strong intramolecular electron redistribution of a highly packed π‐conjugated terthiophene. Thus, a distinctive variation of the dipole moment and a through‐space ICT happen.
Efficacy of increased dose of rupatadine up to 20 mg on itching in Japanese patients due to chronic spontaneous urticaria, dermatitis, or pruritus: A post hoc analysis of phase III clinical trial
Authors: Hide Michihiro , Suzuki Takamasa , Tanaka Ayaka , Aoki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe effect of rupatadine, a novel H1 antihistamine with platelet‐activating factor antagonist activity, had been demonstrated for itching in Japanese patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, dermatitis, or pruritus in a 12‐month, open‐label clinical trial (JapicCTI‐152787). However, patients could have received an updose at various timings due to distinct reasons in the study; timing of updose was not evaluated. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between performance of rupatadine and timing of updose.MethodsFor 206 enrolled patients was evaluated the total pruritus score (TPS) to Week 2 with 10 mg rupatadine. From Week 3 to Week 52, rupatadine was updosed to 20 mg accordingly. Subpopulation was categorized by absence/presence of updosing and timing of updose (Week 3 or ≥Week 5).ResultsReduction of TPS from baseline to Week 2 in patients updosed at Week 3 was significantly lower than those given an updose at ≥Week 5 and fixed dose. However, significant improvement in the change in mean TPS from 1 week pre‐updose to the second week post‐updose was achieved regardless of updose timing, scoring −0.903 for Week 3 and −0.983 for ≥Week 5 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results inferred the inclusivity of patients who either updosed during the earlier phase due to lack of efficacy, or later due to aggravation of symptoms. The results of this subgroup analysis produced evidence of appropriateness for using 10 mg rupatadine as the starting dose, and evaluating the necessity of updose to 20 mg during the first 2 weeks for nonresponsive patients.
Risikobewertung von Lebensmittel‐Kontaminanten
Authors: Schrenk Dieter 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungChemische Kontaminanten in Lebensmitteln sind Stoffe, die unbeabsichtigt in das Lebensmittel gelangt sind und es belasten. Hierzu zählen zum Beispiel Dioxine, Schwermetalle oder Mykotoxine. Als solche stehen sie häufig im Fokus des Interesses von Journalisten und Verbrauchern. Ihre Aufdeckung wird oft irrtümlich als Indikator für eine ungenügende Sicherheit unserer Lebensmittel betrachtet. Im Gegensatz dazu beweist ihre Identifizierung, auf welch weltweit hohem Niveau die Lebensmittelsicherheit in Deutschland und Europa steht.Ein wichtiges Element des Verbraucherschutzes gegenüber Lebensmittel‐Kontaminanten ist die wissenschaftliche Risikobewertung, das ‚risk assessment‘. Es beruht auf einer möglichst genauen Kenntnis der Gehalte der Kontaminante in verschiedenen Produkten, der Verzehrsmengen belasteter Lebensmittel, der toxikologischen Eigenschaften des Stoffes insbesondere seiner Wirkmechanismen und der quantitativen Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen. Von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung für die Wahl der anzuwenden Methode des risk assessment ist dabei die Frage, ob die Substanz als gentoxisches Kanzerogen wirkt oder nicht. Vorschläge für Grenzwerte oder Analysen der existierenden Sicherheitsmargen sollen den Entscheidungsträgern in Politik und Behörden als Grundlage für regulatorische Maßnahmen dienen.
Sliding filament and fixed filament mechanisms contribute to ring tension in the cytokinetic contractile ring
Authors: Alonso‐Matilla Roberto , Thiyagarajan Sathish , O'Shaughnessy Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA fundamental challenge in cell biology is to understand how cells generate actomyosin‐based contractile force. Here we study the actomyosin contractile ring that divides cells during cytokinesis and generates tension by a mechanism that remains poorly understood. Long ago a muscle‐like sliding filament mechanism was proposed, but evidence for sarcomeric organization in contractile rings is lacking. We develop a coarse‐grained model of the fission yeast cytokinetic ring, incorporating the two myosin‐II isoforms Myo2 and Myp2 and severely constrained by experimental data. The model predicts that ring tension is indeed generated by a sliding filament mechanism, but a spatially and temporally homogeneous version of that in muscle. In this mechanism all pairs of oppositely oriented actin filaments are rendered tense as they are pulled toward one another and slide through clusters of myosin‐II. The mechanism relies on anchoring of actin filament barbed ends to the plasma membrane, which resists lateral motion and enables filaments to become tense when pulled by myosin‐II. A second fixed filament component is independent of lateral anchoring, generated by chains of like‐oriented actin filaments. Myo2 contributes to both components, while Myp2 contributes to the sliding filament component only. In the face of instabilities inherent to actomyosin contractility, organizational homeostasis is maintained by rapid turnover of Myo2 and Myp2, and by drag forces that resist lateral motion of actin, Myo2 and Myp2. Thus, sliding and fixed filament mechanisms contribute to tension in the disordered contractile ring without the need for the sarcomeric architecture of muscle.
CUDA offloading for energy‐efficient and high‐frame‐rate simulations using tablets
Authors: Martinez‐Noriega Edgar Josafat , Yazaki Syunji , Narumi Tetsu 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe multiple sensors and touch capabilities of mobile devices are defining new methods of computer interaction. However, the computing power of such devices is not currently sufficient for new applications that require compute‐intensive applications. Using graphics processing units (GPUs) for general‐purpose computing with GPU programming models such as Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) has been proved to accelerate simulations in supercomputers. Although, CUDA‐capable chips such as the Tegra K1 have been released on tablets can accelerate computer simulations, their absolute computing power and performance per watt are not comparable with ordinary GPUs. In this paper, we analyze a heterogeneous system composed of both of a tablet (client) and notebook with a low‐power GPU (server). Intensive computations on a tablet device are offloaded to a notebook GPU using the rCUDA middleware. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed using our test system, and the computing speed and performance per watt are reported. Implementing dynamic parallelism (DP) reduced the latency, doubling the total frames per second in some cases. Our system achieves better computational performance, and higher performance per watt than a tablet powered by a CUDA‐capable GPU. We achieved 21.7 Gflops/W by combining multiple client tablets and server, compared with 21.3 Gflops/W from the server itself.
Unveiling the Photo‐ and Thermal‐Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Boote Brett W. , Andaraarachchi Himashi P. , Rosales Bryan A. , Blome‐Fernández Rafael , Zhu Feng , Reichert Malinda D. , Santra Kalyan , Li Jingzhe , Petrich Jacob W. , Vela Javier , Smith Emily A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskites possess unique characteristics that are well‐suited for optoelectronic and energy capture devices, however, concerns about their long‐term stability remain. Limited stability is often linked to the methylammonium cation, and all‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have been reported with improved stability. In this work, the photostability and thermal stability properties of CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR (TGA‐FTIR), ensemble and single particle spectral characterization. CsPbBr3 was found to be stable under 1‐sun illumination for 16 h in ambient conditions, although single crystal luminescence analysis after illumination using a solar simulator indicates that the luminescence states are changing over time. CsPbBr3 was also stable to heating to 250 °C. Large CsPbI3 crystals (34±5 nm) were shown to be the least stable composition under the same conditions as both XRD reflections and Raman bands diminish under irradiation; and with heating the γ (black) phase reverts to the non‐luminescent δ phase. Smaller CsPbI3 nanocrystals (14±2 nm) purified by a different washing strategy exhibited improved photostability with no evidence of crystal growth but were still thermally unstable. Both CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 show crystal growth under irradiation or heat, likely with a preferential orientation based on XRD patterns. TGA‐FTIR revealed nanocrystal mass loss was only from liberation and subsequent degradation of surface ligands. Encapsulation or other protective strategies should be employed for long‐term stability of these materials under conditions of high irradiance or temperature.