bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The critical role of primer pheromones in maintaining insect sociality
Authors: Hefetz Abraham 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Primer pheromones play a pivotal role in the biology and social organization of insect societies. Despite their importance, they have been less studied because of the complexity of the required bioassays and, consequently, only a few of them have been chemically identified to date. The major primer pheromones are that of the queen pheromones that regulate reproductive skew and maintain colony cohesion and function. From a theoretical viewpoint, several features regarding the chemistry of queen pheromones can be predicted. They should be generally nonvolatile in order to avoid saturation of the colony space, which might otherwise hamper their perception because of sensory habituation. Accordingly, they should be actively dispersed throughout the colony by workers. The queen pheromone should also be caste-specific, qualitatively different from any worker pheromone, and preferably multicomponent, to allow unequivocal identification of the queen. The bi-potency of the female larvae in social Hymenoptera to become queen or worker necessitates strict regulation over pheromone production. Indeed, in the honeybee, the biosynthetic pathways as well as the genomic expressions are completely disparate between queens and workers. Future advances in chemical analyses, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics will enrich our understanding of the chemistry, mechanisms, and crucial role that primer pheromones play in social evolution.
Structural, Vibrational and UV/Vis Studies of Adamantane-Containing Triazole Thiones by Spectral, DFT and Multi-reference ab initio Methods
Authors: Shundalau Maksim , Mindarava Yuliya L. , Matsukovich Anna S. , Gaponenko Sergey V. , El-Emam Ali A. , Alkahtani Hamad N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of two adamantane-containing triazole thiones, namely 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione and 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-phenyl-1-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione, were examined in the ranges of 3200–650 cm−1 and 3200–150 cm−1, respectively. The density functional theory calculations were performed for the geometric structures and vibrational spectra for the title molecules. The accurate equilibrium geometry structures of the molecules were determined on the basis of full geometry optimization at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of the theory. The IR and Raman vibrational spectra were calculated and compared with the experimental ones. The experimental vibrational FT-IR and Raman spectra were interpreted. Based on the structure of the molecules the biological activity indices were predicted. It is established that compounds under consideration are very likely to exhibit the analgesic activities. The UV/Vis spectra of solution of the compounds in ethanol were measured in the range of 450–200 nm. The UV/Vis spectra simulations at the Time-Dependent DFT and Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory levels of theory demonstrate unsuitability of the TDDFT for description of the experimental spectra of the title molecules. It is highly probable that this is a consequence of the intramolecular charge transfer. In contrast, the MRPT results are in a good agreement with the experimental spectra.
The Synergetic Effect of Hot Rolling and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties: AISI-1045 and JIS-SUP 9 Steel
Authors: Owais Muhammad , Mehdi Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Aqib , Jokhio Muhammad Hayat , Raza Ghulam 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hot rolling and heat treatment are the two industrial metallurgical applications used with compatible steels to modify mechanical properties. In this article, we studied the combined effect of hot rolling and heat treatment at constant parameters on medium carbon steels with respect to reduced thickness. For this purpose, the precasted round billets (110-mm diameter) of AISI-1045 and the square billet (110 by 110 mm) of JIS-SUP 9 were hot rolled and the thickness was reduced up to 6, 8, and 12 mm and 18, 28, and 45 mm, respectively. The hot rolled billets were subjected to heat treatment. The chemical compositions of the steels were evaluated by optical emission spectroscopy, whereas the microstructures of the samples after hot rolling and heat treatment were observed through metallography. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the samples were calculated through the tensile test. The results showed a fall in ductility and toughness with respect to reduced thickness and a rise in mechanical strength. It is noteworthy that breaking strength remained unaffected. The JIS-SUP 9 steel is a spring steel, which is the reason for its better mechanical properties (e.g., toughness and ductility) as compared with AISI-1045 steel.
Performance of Thin-Wall Synthetic Fiber–Reinforced Concrete Pipes under Short and Long-Term Loading
Authors: Al Rikabi Fouad T. , Sargand Shad M. , Kurdziel John , Khoury Issam 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Synthetic fibers have been recently used as a replacement for conventional steel reinforcement in concrete pipes to enhance their durability, ductility, shear strength, and flexural strength. However, there is very limited understanding of the long-term performance of thin-wall synthetic fiber–reinforced concrete pipes, as synthetic fiber has material properties that may change with a sustained load over time. This research investigates the performance of polypropylene fiber–reinforced concrete pipe under short and long-term loads in terms of strength, deflection response, strain response, crack width, and crack patterns. Concrete pipes with diameters of 1,200 and 1,500 mm with respective wall thicknesses of 50 and 63 mm were subjected to the short-term three-edge bearing test. To ensure maximum fiber contribution to pipe strength, a 9 kg/m3 fiber dosage was used with different amounts of steel reinforcement. For the long-term three-edge bearing test, a pipe with a diameter of 1,200 mm reinforced with fiber dosage of 9 kg/m3 along with steel reinforcement with an area of 5.7 cm2/m was tested for 30 days at 40 % of the ultimate load (Load Stage 1) obtained from the short-term test, for another 30 days at 50 % ultimate load (Load Stage 2), and subsequently at 70 % ultimate load for a final 30 days (Load Stage 3). Short-term results showed that synthetic fiber was a viable replacement for the steel reinforcement cage, as some of the tested pipe achieved the strength requirement specified by ASTM C76-15a, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe. In response to sustained load, the tested pipe initially exhibited a linear response, followed by a stable response with a slight increase in deflection over time. Fiber creep did not significantly increase the crack width or affect the time dependence of the strain, indicating that the fibers adequately transfer the stress in the pipe wall and limit the crack width. The cracks propagated longitudinally at the invert, crown, and springline, where there were high flexural tensile stresses.
Aspect-Oriented Modeling of Spatial Data Interpolation for Estimating Missing Data in Internet of Things (IoT) Service Discovery
Authors: Balakrishnan Senthil Murugan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a model of future Internet and pervasive computing that has its own particular difficulties gained from the Internet as far as adaptability, vague topology, and so on are concerned. The proposed work means to determine the difficulties posed by IoT in the service discovery field. Most of the data analytics algorithms applied for data collected through sensors and actuators assume that the data are complete such that each property of the instances is filled with the appropriate value. These data have temporal and spatial correlation between them, and missing such data results in a significant decrease in accuracy and reliability of data analysis performed. Considering the importance of estimating the spatial data and the intricacies involved in estimating it using interpolation techniques, the proposed work bases its system development using an aspect-oriented programming improvement technique, thereby addressing the interpolation strategy as a cross-cutting aspect and reducing the complexity involved thereof. The proposal analyzes the situation of missing data and appropriately weaves the aspect and the application together, thereby decreasing the complexity in handling the interpolating data. The woven aspect estimates the missing data using an inverse distance weighting method and updates the information. Observation of the experimental results reveals significant improvement in response time compared with estimating the unknown value in a conventional manner.
“Encontros sobre o Poder Escolar” e sua contribuição para a formação continuada de professores
Authors: Damiani Magda Floriana , Dall'lgna Maria Antonieta 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo relata a avaliação de um evento – “Encontros sobre o Poder Escolar” – organizado com o propósito de oferecer formação continuada a docentes da cidade de Pelotas (RS) e região. O evento tem crescido em tamanho e importância, ao longo dos anos, e apresenta um caráter diferente daquele dos usuais congressos e seminários voltados ao desenvolvimento de professores(as), organizados em torno de palestras de profissionais proeminentes e apresentações de pesquisas. O evento analisado, ao contrário, foca nas práticas dos(as) professores(as) e gestores(as), apresentadas por eles(as) próprios(as) e discutidas, coletivamente, em Mesas de Apresentação. O artigo baseia-se em dados colhidos na nona edição do evento, ocorrida em 2009, centrando-se nas visões dos profissionais que nela apresentaram trabalhos. O instrumento de coleta foi o questionário, cujas respostas às questões precodificadas foram analisadas em termos de frequência. As respostas a uma questão aberta foram codificadas em categorias e também analisadas pelas frequências. Os resultados foram interpretados à luz das ideias de Vygotski, Freire e seus interlocutores e sugerem que o evento provocou, nos(as) docentes, o desenvolvimento de consciência sobre seu trabalho – a partir de reflexão, avaliação e discussões colaborativas – bem como empoderamento, pela valorização de suas práticas.
An ATF3-CreERT2 Knock-In Mouse for Axotomy-Induced Genetic Editing: Proof of Principle
Authors: Holland Seth D. , Ramer Leanne M. , McMahon Stephen B. , Denk Franziska , Ramer Matt S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenome editing techniques have facilitated significant advances in our understanding of fundamental biological processes, and the Cre-Lox system has been instrumental in these achievements. Driving Cre expression specifically in injured neurons has not been previously possible: we sought to address this limitation in mice using a Cre-ERT2 construct driven by a reliable indicator of axotomy, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). When crossed with reporter mice, a significant amount of recombination was achieved (without tamoxifen treatment) in peripherally-projecting sensory, sympathetic, and motoneurons after peripheral nerve crush in hemizygotes (65–80% by 16 d) and was absent in uninjured neurons. Importantly, injury-induced recombination did not occur in Schwann cells distal to the injury, and with a knock-out-validated antibody we verified an absence of ATF3 expression. Functional recovery following sciatic nerve crush in ATF3-deficient mice (both hemizygotes and homozygotes) was delayed, indicating previously unreported haploinsufficiency. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we crossed the ATF3-CreERT2 line with a floxed phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) line and show significantly improved axonal regeneration, as well as more complete recovery of neuromuscular function. We also demonstrate the utility of the ATF3-CreERT2 hemizygous line by characterizing recombination after lateral spinal hemisection (C8/T1), which identified specific populations of ascending spinal cord neurons (including putative spinothalamic and spinocerebellar) and descending supraspinal neurons (rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and hypothalamic). We anticipate these mice will be valuable in distinguishing axotomized from uninjured neurons of several different classes (e.g., via reporter expression), and in probing the function of any number of genes as they relate to neuronal injury and regeneration.
CRISPR Gene Drive Efficiency and Resistance Rate Is Highly Heritable with No Common Genetic Loci of Large Effect
Authors: Champer Jackson , Wen Zhaoxin , Luthra Anisha , Reeves Riona , Chung Joan , Liu Chen , Lee Yoo Lim , Liu Jingxian , Yang Emily , Messer Philipp W , Clark Andrew G 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene drives could allow for control of vector-borne diseases by directly suppressing vector populations or spreading genetic payloads designed to reduce pathogen transmission. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) homing gene drives work by cleaving wild-type alleles, which are then converted to drive alleles by homology-directed repair, increasing the frequency of the drive in a population over time. However, resistance alleles can form when end-joining repair takes place in lieu of homology-directed repair. Such alleles cannot be converted to drive alleles, which would eventually halt the spread of a drive through a population. To investigate the effects of natural genetic variation on resistance formation, we developed a CRISPR homing gene drive in Drosophila melanogaster and crossed it into the genetically diverse Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines, measuring several performance parameters. Most strikingly, resistance allele formation postfertilization in the early embryo ranged from 7 to 79% among lines and averaged 42 ± 18%. We performed a genome-wide association study using our results in the DGRP lines, and found that the resistance and conversion rates were not explained by common alleles of large effect, but instead there were several genetic polymorphisms showing weak association. RNA interference knockdown of several genes containing these polymorphisms confirmed their effect, but the small effect sizes imply that their manipulation would likely yield only modest improvements to the efficacy of gene drives.
Identification ofrfk-1, a Meiotic Driver Undergoing RNA Editing inNeurospora
Authors: Rhoades Nicholas A , Harvey Austin M , Samarajeewa Dilini A , Svedberg Jesper , Yusifov Aykhan , Abusharekh Anna , Manitchotpisit Pennapa , Brown Daren W , Sharp Kevin J , Rehard David G , Peters Joshua , Ostolaza-Maldonado Xavier , Stephenson Jackson , Shiu Patrick K T , Johannesson Hanna , Hammond Thomas M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA Neurospora meiotic drive element known as Spore killer-2 (Sk-2) achieves biased transmission through sexual reproduction by killing siblings that inherit a competing allele...Sk-2 is a meiotic drive element that was discovered in wild populations of Neurospora fungi over 40 years ago. While early studies quickly determined that Sk-2 transmits itself through sexual reproduction in a biased manner via spore killing, the genetic factors responsible for this phenomenon have remained mostly unknown. Here, we identify and characterize rfk-1, a gene required for Sk-2-based spore killing. The rfk-1 gene contains four exons, three introns, and two stop codons, the first of which undergoes RNA editing to a tryptophan codon during sexual development. Translation of an unedited rfk-1 transcript in vegetative tissue is expected to produce a 102-amino acid protein, whereas translation of an edited rfk-1 transcript in sexual tissue is expected to produce a protein with 130 amino acids. These findings indicate that unedited and edited rfk-1 transcripts exist and that these transcripts could have different roles with respect to the mechanism of meiotic drive by spore killing. Regardless of RNA editing, spore killing only succeeds if rfk-1 transcripts avoid silencing caused by a genome defense process called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). We show that rfk-1’s MSUD avoidance mechanism is linked to the genomic landscape surrounding the rfk-1 gene, which is located near the Sk-2 border on the right arm of chromosome III. In addition to demonstrating that the location of rfk-1 is critical to spore-killing success, our results add to accumulating evidence that MSUD helps protect Neurospora genomes from complex meiotic drive elements.
Multilevel Surgery for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Amirmudin Noor Amirah , Lavelle Grace , Theologis Tim , Thompson Nicky , Ryan Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2019

CONTEXT:
Multilevel surgery (MLS) is standard care for reducing musculoskeletal disorders among children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

OBJECTIVE:
To summarize the literature examining effects of MLS and satisfaction with MLS for children with CP.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies in which authors reported effects of or satisfaction with MLS in children with CP were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two authors screened and extracted data on gross motor function, gait speed, gait (eg, Gait Profile Score), range of motion, strength, spasticity, participation, quality of life, satisfaction, and adverse events.

RESULTS:
Seventy-four studies (3551 participants) were identified. One was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 19); the remainder were cohort studies. Pooled analysis of cohort studies revealed that MLS did not have a long-term effect on gross motor function (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.25 to 1.01) or gait speed (SMD: 0.12; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.25) but did improve gait (SMD: −0.80; 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.65). The RCT also revealed no effect of MLS on gross motor function but improvements in the Gait Profile Score at 1 year. Participation and quality of life were reported in only 5 studies, and adverse events were adequately reported in 17 studies.

LIMITATIONS:
Data were largely from cohort studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reveal that gait, but not gross motor function, improves after MLS. RCTs and improved reporting of studies of MLS are required.
The impact of exposure to wagering advertisements and inducements on intended and actual betting expenditure: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Browne Matthew , Hing Nerilee , Russell Alex M. T. , Thomas Anna , Jenkinson Rebecca 
Published: March 2019

Background and aimsResearch suggests that a large proportion of regular sports and race bettors experience harm related to their gambling. In Australia, people who bet regularly are targeted by a proliferation of different forms of inducements and advertising – many of which are believed to encourage excessive betting and erroneous perceptions of risk. However, scant research has examined the impact of marketing messaging to this group, which is also limited to cross-sectional or qualitative designs. We aimed to determine whether exposure to wagering advertisements and inducements influenced intended betting expenditure, actual betting expenditure, and spending more than intended.MethodsWe report on an ecological momentary assessment study, measuring regular exposure to 20 different forms of marketing, as well as wagering spend from 318 race bettors and 279 sports bettors. Up to 15 assessments per participant were conducted over 3 weeks (mean = 11.46, median = 14), yielding 6,843 observations for analysis.ResultsExposure to advertising and inducements was reliably linked to a greater likelihood of betting, higher intended and actual betting expenditure, and spending more than intended. “Push” messaging and inducements that convey the impression of reduced risk (stake-back inducements and multibet offers) were particularly influential, as well as brands promoted during events and advertisements on betting websites/apps.Discussion and conclusionsGiven that a large proportion of regular sports and race bettors experience problems, restrictions on these forms of marketing are advisable. These findings suggest that this is particularly important for marketing that is “pushed” to gamblers or that suggests reduced risk.
The “ABCDE” of video gaming control: Arguments, basic research, conceptual models, documented lessons, and evaluation
Authors: Daniel T. L. Shek 
Published: March 2019

This commentary responds to the review conducted by Király et al. (2018). The review enlightens and is useful in view of the limited studies on problematic use of video games and related control policies. It is argued that when considering regulation policies on video games, reference should be made to the arguments involved (A), basic research (B), conceptual models on problem video game use (C), documented lessons learning the broad field of addiction (D), and the need for rigorous evaluation (E). Besides “supply” reduction, it is vital to look at “demand” reduction in terms of how inner strengths may help to reduce the problematic use of video games.
Difficulties in Writing News Item Experienced by Students of A Vocational High School in Cirebon
Authors: Dewi Syahfitri Anugerah , Misdi Misdi 
Published: March 2019

This study was qualitative research that used descriptive analysis.The present study aimed at investigating out the students’ difficulties in writing news item and find out the most dominant difficulty in writing news item made by the eleventh graders of SMK Muhammadiyah Kedawung.in academic year of 2017/2018. The first research question was answered by taking 5 students at random to be analyzed to investigate students’ ability in writing news item text. Students faced four types of difficulty such as agreement, preposition, and article. In agreement, it was found that all the difficulties are omitting and misusing the verbs and helping verbs of the sentence. Furthermore, to find the main difficulty in writing news item was to analyze 22 result of test. Based on the data analysis, punctuation was the most difficult aspects in writing proved by having 222 cases or 61% of cases. Spelling had 77 cases or 21% of cases. Proposition had 27 or 8% of cases on omitting prepositions. Agreement had 23 or 6% of cases on ignoring and misusing verbs of the sentences in their writings. Article had 15 or 4% of cases on ignoring the definite and indefinite article. In conclusion, it is suggested for English teachers to increase students’ motivation in learning English, especially in writing news item text, and to make the students easier to understand and comprehend the material so the difficulties in grammar and mechanic can be decreased.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WRITING AND READING AS RESPOND ON CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW
Authors: Grace Dita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe integrating of reading and reading in L2 is not the new area, however, the reading and writing only a few studies receives enough attention and implemented in the teaching L1 and L2. This study is aimed to reveal relationships among reading and writing on critical review journal. Thus, the participants in criticism show the ability of L2 learners on reading which confesses through writing. In another occasion, the participants show judgment which representative error is written after reading. This research is going to certain faultiness on writing L2 as judgmental on reading a review on journal.