bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal sliding mode observers for uncertain linear systems with matched disturbance
Authors: Mousavi Mohammad , Rahnavard Mostafa , Ayati Moosa , Hairi Yazdi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a terminal sliding mode observer (TSMO) for systems with general state‐space representation is proposed. The effects of uncertainties and matched disturbances are incorporated in the system dynamics. Compared to conventional sliding mode observers, which are capable of finite time convergence of the measured states’ (outputs) errors and asymptotic convergence of unmeasured states’ errors, the proposed TSMO guarantees finite time convergence of all states. Three appropriate Lyapunov functions are defined for proving robust and finite time convergence of all state estimation errors of the TSMO. In addition, to highlight the effectiveness of the methodology, the developed TSMO is applied to a well‐known realistic wind turbine model. Results confirm that the proposed TSMO estimates all the states in finite time with good accuracy.
Model‐Reference Adaptive Moment Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Stochastic Systems
Authors: Beheshtipour Zohreh , Khaloozadeh Hamid , Amjadifard Roya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a new model‐reference adaptive moment control method is proposed to control the first and second moments of an uncertain nonlinear system with additive external stochastic excitation. This method has established a closed‐loop control system that calculates an adaptive stochastic nonlinear input by introducing a Lyapunov function and adaptive update law. The proposed adaptive structure is innovative in trying to minimize two errors simultaneously: the moments tracking error and the error between the nonlinear system output and reference model. Furthermore, the proposed method can control the expected and covariance matrices of the states without needing to solve the complicated Fokker‐Planck‐Kolmogorov differential equation or using the approximate methods. Simulation has been performed on two practical examples, which show a good performance for the designed controller.
System reliability and component importance when components can be swapped upon failure
Authors: Najem Aesha , Coolen Frank P. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResilience of systems to failures during functioning is of great practical importance. One of the strategies that might be considered to enhance reliability and resilience of a system is swapping components when a component fails, thus replacing it by another component from the system that is still functioning. This paper studies this scenario, particularly with the use of the survival signature to quantify system reliability, where it is assumed that such a swap of components requires these components to be of the same type. We examine the effect of swapping components on a reliability importance measure for the specific components, and we also consider the joint reliability importance of two components. Such swapping of components may be an attractive means toward more resilient systems and could be an alternative to adding more components to achieve redundancy of repair and replacement activities.
A Bayesian joint model of recurrent events and a terminal event
Authors: Li Zheng , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Wang Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecurrent events could be stopped by a terminal event, which commonly occurs in biomedical and clinical studies. In this situation, dependent censoring is encountered because of potential dependence between these two event processes, leading to invalid inference if analyzing recurrent events alone. The joint frailty model is one of the widely used approaches to jointly model these two processes by sharing the same frailty term. One important assumption is that recurrent and terminal event processes are conditionally independent given the subject‐level frailty; however, this could be violated when the dependency may also depend on time‐varying covariates across recurrences. Furthermore, marginal correlation between two event processes based on traditional frailty modeling has no closed form solution for estimation with vague interpretation. In order to fill these gaps, we propose a novel joint frailty‐copula approach to model recurrent events and a terminal event with relaxed assumptions. Metropolis–Hastings within the Gibbs Sampler algorithm is used for parameter estimation. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the efficiency, robustness, and predictive performance of our proposal. The simulation results show that compared with the joint frailty model, the bias and mean squared error of the proposal is smaller when the conditional independence assumption is violated. Finally, we apply our method into a real example extracted from the MarketScan database to study the association between recurrent strokes and mortality.
Cellular physiology controls photoautotrophic production of 1,2‐propanediol from pools of CO2 and glycogen
Authors: David Christian , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Katja 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 PG is a cyanobacterial strain capable of synthesizing 1,2‐propanediol from carbon dioxide (CO2) via a heterologous three‐step pathway and a methylglyoxal synthase (MGS) originating from Escherichia coli as an initial enzyme. The production window is restricted to the late growth and stationary phase and is apparently coupled to glycogen turnover. To understand the underlying principle of the carbon partitioning between the Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham (CBB) cycle and glycogen in the context of 1,2‐propanediol production, experiments utilizing 13C labeled CO2 have been conducted. Carbon fluxes and partitioning between biomass, storage compounds, and product have been monitored under permanent illumination as well as under dark conditions. About one‐quarter of the carbon incorporated into 1,2‐propanediol originated from glycogen, while the rest was derived from CO2 fixed in the CBB cycle during product formation. Furthermore, 1,2‐propanediol synthesis was depending on the availability of photosynthetic active radiation and glycogen catabolism. We postulate that the regulation of the MGS from E. coli conflicts with the heterologous reactions leading to 1,2‐propanediol in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 PG. Additionally, homology comparison of the genomic sequence to genes encoding for the methylglyoxal bypass in E. coli suggested the existence of such a pathway also in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. These findings are critical for all heterologous pathways coupled to the CBB cycle intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate via a MGS and reveal possible engineering targets for rational strain optimization.
How Palestinian students invoke the category “human” to challenge negative treatment and media representations
Authors: Heywood Emma , Goodman Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDehumanisation of opponents in conflict has been shown to be a common and damaging feature in the media. What is not understood is how this dehumanisation is challenged, which is the novel contribution that this research will make. Drawing on focus groups (four focus groups each with four to six participants) conducted in the West Bank in 2015 that discussed media coverage of international conflict, this article demonstrates the ways in which young Palestinian participants attempt to rehumanize themselves in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Discursive analysis demonstrates how this was achieved in a number of ways: categorising Palestinians as “human being”; by directly and explicitly challenging the suggestion that Palestinians are less than human; by drawing the enemy into the category “human”; and by embodying the “human.” These findings, the first to address the talk of young Palestinians about the reporting of violent conflicts around the world, demonstrate the importance of categorization and how, in this case, the specifics of the use of the (human) category work to rehumanize Palestinians in the face of (claims of) dehumanisation.
Chemical Biology of Protein N‐Terminal Methyltransferases
Authors: Huang Rong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtein α‐N‐terminal methylation is catalyzed by protein N‐terminal methyltransferases. The prevalent occurrence of this methylation in ribosomes, myosin, and histones implies its function in protein–protein interactions. Although its full spectrum of function has not yet been outlined, recent discoveries have revealed the emerging roles of α‐N‐terminal methylation in protein–chromatin interactions, DNA damage repair, and chromosome segregation. Herein, an overview of the discovery of protein N‐terminal methyltransferases and functions of α‐N‐terminal methylation is presented. In addition, substrate recognition, mechanisms, and inhibition of N‐terminal methyltransferases are reviewed. Opportunities and gaps in protein α‐N‐terminal methylation are also discussed.
Embolic stroke of undetermined source and patent foramen ovale closure: Practice insights from meta‐analysis?
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) reduces recurrent stroke compared with antiplatelet therapy in select patients but increases risk of atrial fibrillation.
Device closure is an attractive option for young patients with an anatomically higher risk PFO and imaging proven ESUS.
Benefit of PFO closure in ESUS compared with oral anticoagulation remains undefined.
Is the local guy, just a local guy?
Authors: Lemos Pedro A. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points
The most important risk factors and preventive strategies for coronary atherosclerosis are systemic. However, the clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease frequently resemble a localized process, instead of a systemic one.
In this issue of CCI, Zhang and co‐workers described the association between the occurrence of stent failure and the changes in the 3D geometry of coronary segments induced by stent implantation.
The investigation of local modulators of coronary disease appears as a large and fertile field of future cardiovascular research.
BioResorbable scaffolds: Out of sight but not out of mind
Authors: Seth Ashok , Rastogi Vishal 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

The article highlights the results of a new novel BioResorbable Scaffold in “real world” practice
Based on this, further design iterations could be reviewed for next generation BRS
Larger and longer‐term trials would be needed to define the safety and effectiveness of new BRS in daily clinical practice
Anthraquinones with Ionizable Sodium Sulfonate Groups as Renewable Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Limin , Liu Jingbo , Liu Ziqi , Xie Lingling , Cao Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the electrochemical performances of anthraquinone (C14H8O2) without modification, anthraquinone‐1‐sulfonic acid sodium (C14H7NaO5S) and anthraquinone‐1,5‐disulfonic acid disodium salts (C14H6Na2O8S2) as organic cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries are reported for the first time. Ionizable sodium sulfonate functional groups lead to a significant enhancement of the structural stability of C14H8O2, yielding excellent cycle and rate performance. The C14H6Na2O8S2 and C14H7NaO5S electrodes exhibit initial discharge capacities of 195 and 209 mAh g−1, which are maintained at 131 and 93 mAh g−1, respectively, after 100 cycles at a current density of 30 mA g−1. Even at a high rate of 480 mA g−1, the initial discharge capacity of C14H6Na2O8S2 is 114 mAh g−1, indicating a high rate capability. Also, the results show that the carbonyl group is the Na+ storage location during charge/discharge. Owing to their superior electrochemical performance, these organic cathode materials demonstrate promise for use in environmentally friendly, sustainable sodium‐ion batteries.
The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO‐66 MOF Formation
Authors: Xu Hui , Sommer Sanna , Broge Nils Lau Nyborg , Gao Junkuo , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe concept of secondary building units (SBUs) is central to all science on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and they are widely used to design new MOF materials. However, the presence of SBUs during MOF formation remains controversial, and the formation mechanism of MOFs remains unclear, due to limited information about the evolution of prenucleation cluster structures. Here in situ pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was used to probe UiO‐66 formation under solvothermal conditions. The expected SBU—a hexanuclear zirconium cluster—is present in the metal salt precursor solution. Addition of organic ligands results in a disordered structure with correlations up to 23 Å, resembling crystalline UiO‐66. Heating leads to fast cluster aggregation, and further growth and ordering results in the crystalline product. Thus, SBUs are present already at room temperature and act as building blocks for MOF formation. The proposed formation steps provide insight for further development of MOF synthesis.
Reversible Transformation between a [PdL2]2+ “Figure‐of‐Eight” Complex and a [Pd2L2]4+ Dimer: Switching On and Off Self‐Recognition
Authors: Preston Dan , Kruger Paul E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStructural changes to metallosupramolecular assemblies resulting in the release or uptake of guests are currently well established, whereas transformations turning on and off specific self‐recognition are far less developed. We report a novel ligand (2,6‐bis(1‐(3‐pyridin‐4‐yl)phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine) possessing a tridentate central metal‐binding site flanked by two pendant pyridyl arms. In a 2:1 ratio with PdII metal ions, a spiro‐type [PdL2]2+ “Figure‐of‐eight” complex forms with the central tridentate binding pocket unoccupied. The introduction of an additional one equivalent of PdII metal ion results in the conversion to a dimeric [Pd2L2]4+ molecule with the tridentate pocket occupied. There is site‐specific self‐recognition between dimers in solution with strong NOE peaks between adjacent molecules. The self‐recognition between dimers can be turned off in two ways: firstly, adding another equivalent of PdII metal ion brings about binding to the previously uncoordinated pyridyl arms that are key to the self‐recognition event, and; secondly, addition of sufficient ligand to return the stoichiometry to 2:1 regenerates the [PdL2]2+ complex. Hence, the self‐recognition event can be turned on or off through simple variation of L:PdII stoichiometry.
Ligand‐Promoted Non‐Directed C−H Cyanation of Arenes
Authors: Liu Luo‐Yan , Yeung Kap‐Sun , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article reports the first example of a 2‐pyridone accelerated non‐directed C−H cyanation with an arene as the limiting reagent. This protocol is compatible with a broad scope of arenes, including advanced intermediates, drug molecules, and natural products. A kinetic isotope experiment (kH/kD=4.40) indicates that the C−H bond cleavage is the rate‐limiting step. Also, the reaction is readily scalable, further showcasing the synthetic utility of this method.
Aneuploid acute myeloid leukemia exhibits a signature of genomic alterations in the cell cycle and protein degradation machinery
Authors: Simonetti Giorgia , Padella Antonella , do Valle Italo Farìa , Fontana Maria Chiara , Fonzi Eugenio , Bruno Samantha , Baldazzi Carmen , Guadagnuolo Viviana , Manfrini Marco , Ferrari Anna , Paolini Stefania , Papayannidis Cristina , Marconi Giovanni , Franchini Eugenia , Zuffa Elisa , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Zanotti Federica , Astolfi Annalisa , Iacobucci Ilaria , Bernardi Simona , Sazzini Marco , Ficarra Elisa , Hernandez Jesus Maria , Vandenberghe Peter , Cools Jan , Bullinger Lars , Ottaviani Emanuela , Testoni Nicoletta , Cavo Michele , Haferlach Torsten , Castellani Gastone , Remondini Daniel , Martinelli Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundAneuploidy occurs in more than 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and correlates with an adverse prognosis.MethodsTo understand the molecular bases of aneuploid acute myeloid leukemia (A‐AML), this study examined the genomic profile in 42 A‐AML cases and 35 euploid acute myeloid leukemia (E‐AML) cases.ResultsA‐AML was characterized by increased genomic complexity based on exonic variants (an average of 26 somatic mutations per sample vs 15 for E‐AML). The integration of exome, copy number, and gene expression data revealed alterations in genes involved in DNA repair (eg, SLX4IP, RINT1, HINT1, and ATR) and the cell cycle (eg, MCM2, MCM4, MCM5, MCM7, MCM8, MCM10, UBE2C, USP37, CK2, CK3, CK4, BUB1B, NUSAP1, and E2F) in A‐AML, which was associated with a 3‐gene signature defined by PLK1 and CDC20 upregulation and RAD50 downregulation and with structural or functional silencing of the p53 transcriptional program. Moreover, A‐AML was enriched for alterations in the protein ubiquitination and degradation pathway (eg, increased levels of UHRF1 and UBE2C and decreased UBA3 expression), response to reactive oxygen species, energy metabolism, and biosynthetic processes, which may help in facing the unbalanced protein load. E‐AML was associated with BCOR/BCORL1 mutations and HOX gene overexpression.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that aneuploidy‐related and leukemia‐specific alterations cooperate to tolerate an abnormal chromosome number in AML, and they point to the mitotic and protein degradation machineries as potential therapeutic targets.
Probing the Effects of the Number and Positions of −OCH3 and −CN Substituents on Color Tuning of Ir(III) Complex Derivatives through a Joint Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Qin Xiao , Li Ming , Xiang Minghui , Luo Yi , Jiao Yan , Yuan Rongao , Wang Ning , Lu Zhiyun , Pu Xumei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe performed a joint theoretical and experimental study on sixteen Ir(III) complexes bearing a similar molecular platform of bis(2‐phenylbenzothiozolato‐N,C2’) iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) by grafting −OCH3 group and/or −CN group on different positions of the C‐related arene moiety of the
ligand (C‐ring). Our results reveal that the introduction of −CN renders an overall drop in the FMO energy levels while a reverse increase is observed for −OCH3. The ortho‐ and para‐sites of the C‐ring are more effective substitution positions to modulate the HOMO energy level due to the fact that the electronic density of HOMO mainly locates at them while the meta‐site would induce a stronger impact on LUMO since the electronic density of LUMO mainly distributes over the position. Utilizing the synergistic effects of the substituents and the substituted positions, a wide color‐tuning range from 479 nm to 637 nm was achieved, which covers nearly the whole window of visible spectrum. In particular, the tri‐substituted Ir35mo4cn complex (λem max=637 nm) may be a potential candidate for high efficiency red OLEDs materials due to its greatly enhanced absorption processes, relatively higher 3MLCT (%), lower ΔES1–T1, enlarged separation between 3MLCT/π–π* and 3MC d–d states, and good hole and particle‐transporting performances. Finally, six representative complexes were synthesized and their spectra were determined, which confirm the reliability of our computational strategy.
Quantitative Evaluation of Infrared Absorbance Spectra – Lorentz Profile versus Lorentz Oscillator
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Popp Jürgen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present the theoretical basis for a profound upgrade of the method of absorbance band fitting (“band deconvolution”), which requires only minute changes in the code of corresponding spectrometer software. This upgrade is based on a (re‐)connection of the damped harmonic oscillator model (“Lorentz oscillator”) and the Lorentz profile used for band fitting. Based on this reconnection, we provide a proper extension to multiple oscillators. As a result, band fitting allows directly obtaining all oscillator parameters with very good accuracy, at least for the not too strong oscillators present in organic and biological matter. Accordingly, this could be the initial spark to open the way to a long‐awaited paradigm shift in infrared spectroscopy: Away from a mere oscillator position‐based, towards an also intensity‐based quantitative interpretation of spectra. As an extra, absorbance band fitting (“Poor Man's Dispersion Analysis”), allows to obtain the index of refraction function in one go.
Recent Progress on Molybdenum Oxides for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Tang Kai , Farooqi Sidra Anis , Wang Xianfu , Yan Chenglin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiminishing fossil‐fuel resources and a rise in energy demands has required the pursuit of sustainable and rechargeable energy‐storage materials, including batteries and supercapacitors, the electrochemical properties of which depend largely on the electrode materials. In recent decades, numerous electrode materials with excellent electrochemical energy‐storage capabilities, long life spans, and environmentally acceptable qualities have been developed. Among existing materials, molybdenum oxides containing MoO3 and MoO2, as well as their composites, are very fascinating contenders for competent energy‐storage devices because of their exceptional physicochemical properties, such as thermal stability, high theoretical capability, and mechanical strength. This Minireview mainly focuses on the latest progress for the use of molybdenum oxides as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries; sodium‐ion batteries; and other novel batteries, such as lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries, and newly developed hydrogen‐ion batteries, with a focus on studies of the reaction mechanism, design of the electrode structures, and improvement of the electrochemical properties.
Enabling High‐Rate and Safe Lithium Ion–Sulfur Batteries by Effective Combination of Sulfur‐Copolymer Cathode and Hard‐Carbon Anode
Authors: Nguyen Dan Thien , Hoefling Alexander , Yee Minha , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Theato Patrick , Lee Young Joo , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFabrication and high‐rate performance of a safe lithium ion–sulfur battery (LISB) with sulfur‐copolymer [poly(S‐co‐divinylbenzene (DVB)] cathode having a sulfur content higher than 90 wt %, a carbon‐fiber interlayer, and a prelithiated hard‐carbon (Li‐HC) anode are reported, which mitigates problems of lithium–sulfur cells such as performance fade and safety issues due to dissolution of polysulfides and lithium‐dendrite growth. The poly(S‐co‐DVB) cathode offers scalability owing to the abundance and low cost of DVB. The Li‐HC anode, the surface of which is passivated by a solid electrolyte interphase, inhibits the deposition of polysulfides. As a result, the LISB exhibits reversible and stable cycling performance at high rates up to 3 C, which enables quick charging within 20 min, and delivers a reversible capacity of approximately 400 mAh g−1 at 3 C for 500 cycles. The results give insight into the design principle of promising, quickly charged, and safe LISBs.