bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating Areas of Past Environmental Degradation near Smelters using Rock Coatings: A Case Study at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
Authors: Leverington David W. , Schindler Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmissions of SO2 from smelters can promote formation of acid rain, which can dissolve siliceous minerals on exposed rock surfaces and promote the formation of silica gel layers within which detrital and smelter-derived particulates can become trapped. These processes of dissolution and entrapment can result in the formation of rock coatings that contain elevated levels of heavy metals. Between 1927 and 1976, the Horne smelter processed sulfide ore derived from the Rouyn-Noranda region and became one of the largest emitters of particulates and sulfur dioxide in North America, promoting the formation of coatings on nearby rock surfaces. The reflectance spectra of these coatings are relatively flat, with typical reflectance values ranging between ~5% at visible wavelengths and ~16% in the shortwave infrared. Absorption troughs in coating spectra are consistent with the presence of materials including opaline silica, olivine, pyroxene, hydrous phyllosilicates, and sulfates. Classification of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager data indicates that rock coatings near Rouyn-Noranda comprise a total surface area of ~1.5 km2, nearly all of which is located within ~6 km of the Horne smelter. Remote sensing techniques can used to delineate the geographic extents of coatings near smelters, highlighting areas previously subjected to severe environmental degradation.
Low-pressure micro-mechanical re-adaptation device sustainably and effectively improves locomotor recovery from complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Estrada Veronica , Krebbers Julia , Voss Christian , Brazda Nicole , Blazyca Heinrich , Illgen Jennifer , Seide Klaus , Jürgens Christian , Müller Jörg , Martini Rudolf , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Müller Hans Werner 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injuries result in impairment or even complete loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Recovery after complete spinal cord injury is very limited even in animal models receiving elaborate combinatorial treatments. Recently, we described an implantable microsystem (microconnector) for low-pressure re-adaption of severed spinal stumps in rat. Here we investigate the long-term structural and functional outcome following microconnector implantation after complete spinal cord transection. Re-adaptation of spinal stumps supports formation of a tissue bridge, glial and vascular cell invasion, motor axon regeneration and myelination, resulting in partial recovery of motor-evoked potentials and a thus far unmet improvement of locomotor behaviour. The recovery lasts for at least 5 months. Despite a late partial decline, motor recovery remains significantly superior to controls. Our findings demonstrate that microsystem technology can foster long-lasting functional improvement after complete spinal injury, providing a new and effective tool for combinatorial therapies.
Osteogenic protein-1 attenuates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture
Authors: Yang Yan , Wang Xiyang , Liu Zheng , Xiao Xiao , Hu Wenkai , Sun Zhicheng 
Published: November 2018

Background: Previous studies have indicated that osteogenic protein-1 has protective effects on the biological functions of intervertebral disc cells. Hyperosmolarity is an important physicochemical factor within the disc nucleus pulposus (NP) region, which obviously promotes NP cell apoptosis.
Objective: To study the effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) on NP cell apoptosis induced by hyperosmolarity and the potential signaling transduction pathway.
Methods: Rat NP cells were cultured in a hyperosmotic medium with or without OP-1 addition for 7 days. Inhibitor 294002 and inhibitor FK-506 were used to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this process. NP cell apoptosis were evaluated by cell apoptosis ratio, activity of caspase-3/9 and gene/protein expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP).
Results: OP-1 addition obviously decreased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, down-regulated gene/protein expression of pro-apoptosis molecules (Bax, caspase-3/cleaved casepase-3 and cleaved PARP), up-regulated gene/protein expression of anti-apoptosis molecule (Bcl-2) in a hyperosmotic culture. Moreover, OP-1 addition significantly increased protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further analysis showed that addition of LY294002 and FK-506 partly attenuated these protective effects of OP-1 against NP cell apoptosis and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture.
Conclusion: OP-1 can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. The present study sheds a new light on the protective role of OP-1 in regulating disc cell biology and provides some theoretical basis for the application of OP-1 in retarding/regenerating disc degeneration.
Current Practice of Child Grammar Intervention: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Satterlund Kayla E. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to better understand current grammatical intervention approaches. Despite grammatical language being a common weakness among children with language impairment, relatively little is known about current grammatical intervention practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Such information is needed to guide the development and evaluation of grammatical interventions and to identify areas in which the current practice is not empirically supported.

Method
Participants included 338 SLPs working primarily with children. Participants completed an online survey regarding their implementation of nine different grammatical intervention components, including goals, procedures, dosage, agents, contexts, goal attack strategies, service delivery models, activities, and outcome measurements. Participants also indicated how they would alter the intervention setting and dosage if resources were unlimited.

Results

We grouped participants based on the ages of children that represent the largest percentage of their caseload resulting in an early education group (
n
= 114) and an elementary group (
n
= 224). We aggregated responses from each question to gain an estimate of current implementation practices associated with each intervention component queried.

Conclusions
This study provides general guidelines of current clinical practices to help guide research on grammatical interventions for children and to promote successful translation and implementations of evidence-based treatment approaches. Results may also help clinicians and researchers better understand misalignments between empirically supported intervention approaches and current approaches for treating grammatical weaknesses.
Writing Changes and Perceptions After Traumatic Brain Injury: “Oh, by the way, I can't write”
Authors: Dinnes Carly , Hux Karen , Holmen Morgan , Martens Alaina , Smith Megan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Language and cognitive disruptions following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can negatively affect written expression and may result in increased difficulty achieving academic, vocational, social, and personal goals; however, scarce literature exists about TBI's effect on writing abilities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experiences and perceptions of people with TBI regarding their engagement in writing activities.

Method
A transcendental phenomenological design structured the research. Data collection from 11 adults with TBI included gathering demographic and background information, completion of a TBI Symptom Checklist, and engagement in semistructured interviews.

Results
Four major themes and 21 subthemes about postinjury writing recovery and current writing status emerged from the data analysis. Participants reported the extent to which writing difficulties interfered with daily activities and identified support strategies used to address persistent challenges.

Conclusion
Understanding the writing experiences and perceptions of people with TBI can guide professionals in designing assessments and interventions to facilitate educational, vocational, social, and personal success following injury.
Relations Between Teacher Talk Characteristics and Child Language in Spoken-Language Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Classrooms
Authors: Duncan Molly K. , Lederberg Amy R. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine relations between teachers' conversational techniques and language gains made by their deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Specifically, we considered teachers' reformulations of child utterances, language elicitations, explicit vocabulary and syntax instruction, and wait time.MethodThis was an observational, longitudinal study that examined the characteristics of teacher talk in 25 kindergarten through second-grade classrooms of 68 deaf and hard-of-hearing children who used spoken English. Standardized assessments provided measures of child vocabulary and morphosyntax in the fall and spring of a school year. Characteristics of teacher talk were coded from classroom video recordings during the winter of that year.ResultsHierarchical linear modeling indicated that reformulating child statements and explicitly teaching vocabulary were significant predictors of child vocabulary gains across a school year. Explicitly teaching vocabulary also significantly predicted gains in morphosyntax abilities. There were wide individual differences in the teachers' use of these conversational techniques.ConclusionReformulation and explicit vocabulary instruction may be areas where training can help teachers improve, and improvements in the teachers' talk may benefit their students.
The Coexistence of Disabling Conditions in Children Who Stutter: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Briley Patrick M. , Ellis Charles 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Stuttering is a disorder that has been associated with coexisting developmental disorders. To date, detailed descriptions of the coexistence of such conditions have not consistently emerged in the literature. Identifying and understanding these conditions can be important to the overall management of children who stutter (CWS). The objective of this study was to generate a profile of the existence of disabling developmental conditions among CWS using national data.

Method

Six years of data from the National Health Interview Survey (2010–2015) were analyzed for this project. The sample consisted of children whose respondents clearly indicated the presence or absence of stuttering. Chi-square tests of independence were used for comparing categorical variables; and independent-samples
t
tests, for comparing continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used for determining the odds of having a coexisting disabling developmental condition.

Results

This study sample included 62,450 children, of which 1,231 were CWS. Overall, the presence of at least 1 disabling developmental condition was 5.5 times higher in CWS when compared with children who do not stutter. The presence of stuttering was also associated with higher odds of each of the following coexisting developmental conditions: intellectual disability (odds ratio [
OR
] = 6.67,
p
< .001), learning disability (
OR
= 5.45,
p
< .001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/attention-deficit disorder (
OR
= 3.09,
p
< .001), seizures (
OR
= 7.52,
p
< .001), autism/Asperger's/pervasive developmental disorder (
OR
= 5.48,
p
< .001), and any other developmental delay (
OR
= 7.10,
p
< .001).

Conclusion
Evidence from the National Health Interview Survey suggests a higher prevalence of coexisting developmental disabilities in CWS. The existence of coexisting disabling developmental conditions should be considered as part of an overall management plan for CWS.
Atemwegsmanagement in der Kinderanästhesie: Anwendung von Materialien und Methoden
Authors: Krebs Martin , Müller-Lobeck Lutz , Francis Roland 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Atemwegsmanagement stellt eine Kernkompetenz des klinisch tätigen Anästhesisten dar. Insbesondere bei der Versorgung von pädiatrischen Patienten ist die sichere Anwendung entsprechender Materialien, Methoden und Abläufe für die Atemwegssicherung essenziell. Der wissenschaftliche Arbeitskreis Kinderanästhesie der DGAI (WAKKA) hat 2011 eine Handlungsempfehlung für das Management des unerwartet schwierigen Atemweges herausgegeben. Die Handlungsempfehlung für den erwartet schwierigen Atemweg ist aktuell als Entwurf auf der Seite des WAKKA abrufbar. Für die richtige Anwendung von Materialien und Methoden des Atemwegsmanagements benötigt man Kenntnisse über verfügbare Hilfsmittel und deren korrekte Verwendung, sowie Übung in ihrer Anwendung. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt eine Auswahl von Materialien und Methoden vor, die in den Handlungsempfehlungen zum Atemwegsmanagement empfohlen werden.
Mit klinischer Elektrophysiologie hinter die Netzhaut
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Heinrich Sven , Thieme Hagen , Al-Nosairy Khaldoon 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungElektrophysiologische Ableitungen von Netzhaut und Kortex sind zielführend, um auch postretinale Schädigungen im Rahmen ophthalmologischer und neuroophthalmologischer Diagnostik aufzudecken. Dabei dienen Musterelektroretinogramme (PERG) der Überprüfung der retinalen Ganglienzellen und visuell evozierte Potenziale (VEP) der Überprüfung der Sehbahn in ihrer Gesamtheit. Sie unterstützen damit die objektive Funktionsüberprüfung der Sehbahn sowie die Differenzialdiagnostik. Während konventionelle elektrophysiologische Verfahren nur bedingt geeignet sind, lokale gesichtsfeldspezifische Defekte aufzudecken, ist dies die Domäne der multifokalen Elektrophysiologie. Diese ermöglicht eine ortsaufgelöste Beurteilung mit dem multifokalen PERG (mfPERG) und dem multifokalen VEP (mfVEP) bis hin zur objektiven Gesichtsfeldtestung mit dem mfVEP. Entscheidend für den erfolgreichen Einsatz dieses Methodenspektrums ist allerdings die Berücksichtigung möglicher Störfaktoren bei der Durchführung der Messungen und bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse. Dies wird im vorliegenden Artikel anhand einer Reihe typischer Anwendungsbeispiele verdeutlicht.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes: An Impedance Study Diabetes, Obesity and Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Gokturk Suut , Akyuz Filiz , Arici Serpil , Alpaslan Busra , Ormeci Asli , Soyer Ozlem Mutluay , Evirgen Sami , Cavus Bilger , Uzum Ayse Kubat , Gul Nurdan , Akyuz Umit , Karaca Cetin , Demir Kadir , Kaymakoglu Sabahattin , Satman Ilhan , Besisik Fatih 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is more frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).The aim of the present study was to evaluate gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in asymptomatic patients with DM using 24-h pH impedance.
Materials and Methods 19 healthy controls and 35 patients with DM without typical GERD symptoms were enrolled in the study. A 24-h pH-impedance study, esophageal manometry and gastroscopy were performed on all patients with DM. In the control group, an impedance study was performed on all subjects, and gastroscopy and esophageal manometry were performed on those who consented to the procedures. Patients with diabetes were categorized as obese [body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m2] or non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2) and both groups were compared with healthy controls.
Results The mean BMI was similar in the control group (27.3±2.6 kg/m2) and the diabetic group (28.7±5 kg/m2) (p>0.05).Erosive esophagitis was found in 7.5% of the DM group. Esophageal dysmotility was higher in diabetics compared to the control group (45.5 vs. 11%, p=0.04). Neuropathy was found to be an independent risk factor for dysmotility. The mean DeMeester score (DMS) (25.6±32.5 vs. 11.2±17, p=0.01) and bolus exposure time (2.1±1.3 vs.1.3±1.3 min, p=0.009) were higher in the DM group compared with the control group.The difference was mainly observed between obese diabetics and the control group (p<0.05). The mean DMS, pathologic acid reflux, and esophageal dysmotility rate were higher in patients without complications of DM (p<0.05). BMI was higher in these patients than in patients with complications.
Conclusion Acid reflux is common in patients with diabetes.GER is associated with the existence of obesity rather than hyperglycemia.
Immune and Antioxidant Enzyme Response of Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) Juveniles to Ultra-diluted Substances Derived from Phosphorus, Silica and Pathogenic Vibrio
Authors: Mazón-Suástegui José , Salas-Leiva Joan , Teles Andressa , Tovar-Ramírez Dariel 
Published: November 2018

Background This research aimed to observe the effect of homeopathic treatments prepared from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus (H1) and commercial homeopathic medication Phosphoricum acidum and Silicea terra (H2) on the immune and antioxidant response in Seriola rivoliana juveniles under usual culture conditions and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus.
Materials and Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to study changes in the expression of key genes related to immune response, cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), adapter protein for cytokine release (MyD88) and piscidin and spectrophotometric techniques to analyze the activity of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in Seriola rivoliana juveniles at 30 (weaning stage [WS]) and 60 (early juveniles [EJ]) days post-hatching.
Results The H1 treatment led to over-expression of the IL-1β and MyD88 genes in fish at WS and EJ with respect to control, contrary to the H2 treatment that led to under-expression of the IL-1β, MyD88 and piscidin genes at the EJ stage. In fish challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, both H1 and H2 led to over-expression of IL-1β and MyD88; H2 caused an over-expression of piscidin. The SOD activity was higher in H1 with respect to H2 and the control group. CAT remained relatively stable with both H1 and H2 treatments.
Conclusions The results suggest that the overall effect of H1 was due to the presence of unknown antigens in low concentrations, while the response to H2—specifically during challenge—may have been due to a stimulating effect of nano-structures, prevailing from mother tincture after sequential dilution/succussion, in a pathway similar to that attributed to nano-vaccines.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis in Infants: Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Ndoye Ndeye , Mbaye Papa , Tendeng Jacques , Cissé Lissoune , Diao Mamadou , Dieng Mactar , Gueye Doudou , Niang Dibor , Ndour Oumar , Ngom Gabriel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAbdominal tuberculosis is rare in immunocompetent infants. We report on two infants with peritoneal tuberculosis (6 and 8 months) who underwent laparotomy for suspected intussusception. In the first patient, characteristic lesions of peritoneal tuberculosis were observed intraoperatively with presence of multiple granulations. Tuberculin intradermal reaction (IDRt) was positive and tuberculous contagium could be cultured. In the second patient, the IDRt and GeneXpert tests were negative. In both patients, the histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. The clinical courses under tuberculostatic therapy were favorable in both cases.
Intrinsically ultrastrong plasmon–exciton interactions in crystallized films of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ho Po-Hsun , Farmer Damon B. , Tulevski George S. , Han Shu-Jen , Bishop Douglas M. , Gignac Lynne M. , Bucchignano Jim , Avouris Phaedon , Falk Abram L. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Carbon nanotubes, each a cylindrical nanocrystal of carbon atoms, can be crystallized into monolithic, two-dimensionally ordered films through a simple vacuum filtration technique. A particularly fascinating property of these crystallized nanotube films is that they function as a unique type of antenna whose excitations comprise intrinsically ultrastrongly coupled plasmons and excitons. This type of intrinsic coupling contrasts to the many existing demonstrations of strongly coupled hybrid systems, in which emitters are coupled to external photonic or plasmonic cavities. Technologically, crystallized nanotube films could provide a materials-driven pathway from fundamental concepts in quantum electrodynamics to advanced telecommunications hardware. Their applicability could also extend to battery anodes, high-ampacity conductors, and microelectromechanical systems.
Pattern recall, decision making and talent identification in rugby union
Authors: Sherwood Sebastian , Smith Tiaki , Masters Rich S. W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ability to make fast, accurate decisions is an essential skill for all who play sport. However, measuring this ability has proved difficult for coaches and talent identification practitioners. Pattern recognition (a key factor in decision making) has commonly been measured using pattern recall tasks. This study aimed to understand whether accuracy when recalling rugby union patterns is a valid measure of on‐field decision making performance. In Study 1, professional players recalled structured patterns of players from still images (N = 20) viewed for 5 s. On‐field decision‐making markers, including coaches’ rankings of decision‐making ability, playing position, number of years playing professionally and total number of years playing rugby union, were used as predictor variables of recall accuracy. Results showed that only total number of years playing rugby union was correlated with recall accuracy, suggesting that caution is necessary when adopting these tasks for talent identification purposes. The structured stimuli used in Study 1 were not representative of a true rugby union game, so Study 2 tested novice and expert players on a pattern recall task that included structured, semi‐structured and unstructured rugby union patterns. Experts were significantly more accurate than novices when recalling structured and semi‐structured patterns; however, there were no differences when recalling unstructured patterns. It was concluded that structured and semi‐structured patterns should be used in future studies to test whether pattern recall tasks can be used for talent identification in rugby union.