bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcomes from a randomized trial of early closure of temporary ileostomy after rectal excision for cancer
Authors: Keane C , Park J , Öberg S , Wedin A , Bock D , O'Grady G , Bissett I , Rosenberg J , Angenete E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has a significant impact on postoperative quality of life. Although early closure of an ileostomy is safe in selected patients, functional outcomes have not been investigated. The aim was to compare bowel function and the prevalence of LARS in patients who underwent early or late closure of an ileostomy after rectal resection for cancer.

Methods
Early closure (8–13 days) was compared with late closure (after 12 weeks) of the ileostomy following rectal cancer surgery in a multicentre RCT. Exclusion criteria were: signs of anastomotic leakage, diabetes mellitus, steroid treatment and postoperative complications. Bowel function was evaluated using the LARS score and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument (BFI).

Results
Following index surgery, 112 participants were randomized (55 early closure, 57 late closure). Bowel function was evaluated at a median of 49 months after stoma closure. Eighty-two of 93 eligible participants responded (12 had died and 7 had a permanent stoma). Rates of bowel dysfunction were higher in the late closure group, but this did not reach statistical significance (major LARS in 29 of 40 participants in late group and 25 of 42 in early group, P = 0·250; median BFI score 63 versus 71 respectively, P = 0·207). Participants in the late closure group had worse scores on the urgency/soiling subscale of the BFI (14 versus 17; P = 0·017). One participant in the early group and six in the late group had a permanent stoma (P = 0·054).

Conclusion
Patients undergoing early stoma closure had fewer problems with soiling and fewer had a permanent stoma, although reduced LARS was not demonstrated in this cohort. Dedicated prospective studies are required to evaluate definitively the association between temporary ileostomy, LARS and timing of closure.
Random topology organization and decreased visual processing of internet addiction: Evidence from a minimum spanning tree analysis
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Sun Yan , Lv Jiaojiao , Bo Siyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesInternet addiction (IA) has been associated with widespread brain alterations. Functional connectivity (FC) and network analysis results related to IA are inconsistent between studies, and how network hubs change is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional and topological networks using an unbiased minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis on electroencephalography (EEG) data in IA and healthy control (HC) college students.MethodsIn this study, Young's internet addiction test was used as an IA severity measure. EEG recordings were obtained in IA (n = 30) and HC participants (n = 30), matched for age and sex, during rest. The phase lag index (PLI) and MST were applied to analyze FC and network topology. We expected to obtain evidence of underlying alterations in functional and topological networks related to IA.ResultsIA participants showed higher delta FC between left‐side frontal and parieto‐occipital areas compared to the HC group (p < 0.001), global MST measures revealed a more star‐like network in IA participants in the upper alpha and beta bands, and the occipital brain region was relatively less important in the IA relative to the HC group in the lower band. The correlation results were consistent with the MST results: higher IA severity correlated with higher Max degree and kappa, and lower eccentricity and diameter.ConclusionsFunctional networks of the IA group were characterized by increased FC, a more random organization, and a decrease of relative functional importance of the visual processing area. Taken together, these alterations can help us understand the influence of IA to brain mechanism.
Case study: The characterization and implementation of dielectric spectroscopy (biocapacitance) for process control in a commercial GMP CHO manufacturing process
Authors: Moore Brandon , Sanford Ryan , Zhang An 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDielectric spectroscopy (biocapacitance) is an up‐and‐coming technology for real time monitoring of biomass in cell culture processes and has opened the door for next‐generation cell culture process control techniques such as automated on‐demand nutrient feeding. In this case study we empirically demonstrate the lower limit of quantitation (LOQ), probe‐to‐probe consistency, and scalability of in situ biocapacitance probes using data generated from small‐ and large‐scale Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) bioreactor cultures. The process understanding experiments culminated in the use of biocapacitance for process control in the current good manufacturing practices (GMP) manufacturing environment, first to automate the dilution of seed train cultures during scale‐up stages and later as a method of predicting future glucose demand. The automated biomass‐probe‐based inoculation strategy yielded consistent results in six consecutive seed trains in the GMP manufacturing suite. In the process of improving our understanding of the technology we determined that biocapacitance could additionally be used as an indicator of a shift in the salt balance of a cell culture, and that collecting real time biomass data via biocapacitance has the potential to reduce the total timeline for feed strategy development by providing additional insights into culture performance which are not otherwise apparent using conventional optical cell counting methods.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of 3‐Aryl‐N‐hydroxy‐2‐(sulfonamido)propanamides in HepG2, HT‐1080, KB, and MCF‐7 Cells
Authors: Shao Duanyang , Zhang Guo‐Ning , Niu Weixiao , Li Ziqiang , Zhu Mei , Wang Juxian , Li Donghui , Wang Yucheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new series of (sulfonamido)propanamides (6a1–6a13, 6b1–6b15, 7c1–7c5, 6d1–6d5, 6e1–6e6) was designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. The target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080), mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cell lines with the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, with gemcitabine and mitomycin C as positive controls. Most of these compounds exhibit a more potent cytotoxic effect than the positive control group on various cancer cell lines and the most potent compound, 6a7, shows the IC50 values of 29.78±0.516 μm, 30.70±0.61 μm, and 64.89±3.09 μm in HepG2, HT‐1080, KB, and MCF‐7 cell lines, respectively. Thus, these compounds with potent cytotoxic activity have potential for development as new chemotherapy agents.
Essential Elements as a Distinguishing Factor between Mycorrhizal Potentials of Two Cohabiting Truffle Species in Riparian Forest Habitat in Serbia
Authors: Popović‐Djordjević Jelena , Marjanović Žaklina S. , Gršić Nemanja , Adžić Tamara , Popović Blaženka , Bogosavljević Jelena , Brčeski Ilija 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTrue truffles (Tuber sp.) that establish ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ECM) with trees in the Mediterranean and temporal regions have species specific abilities to assimilate soil born elements. Suitable habitats are usually inhabited by few truffle species, while distinguishing their symbiotic potentials appeared very difficult. Two species that commonly inhabit riparian forests in Serbia are the most prized one, Tuber magnatum Pico (Piedmont white truffle) and not so highly valued Tuber brumale Vitt. In order to assess potential differences between their assimilation and accumulation abilities, the differences between contents of elements that may be the subjects of the symbiotic trade between the host plant and fungi were evaluated in accumulation target (ascocarps) and their source (the soil). Essential (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, S, and Zn) and essential trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Se) in truffles and soil samples were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Their concentrations (mg/kg) in ascocarps were in the range from 1.364±0.591 (Cr) to 10760.862±16.058 (K), while in soil ranged from 23.035±0.010 (Cr) to 20809.300±122.934 (Fe). Element accumulation potential (bioaccumulation factor) was calculated in the system truffle/soil. The statistical approaches were used for establishing the differences, while the possible differentiation between symbiotic potentials of two mycelia in the defined soil conditions was discussed.
Functional connectivity changes in core resting state networks are associated with cognitive performance in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Nystedt Jessika , Mannfolk Peter , Jönsen Andreas , Nilsson Petra , Strandberg Tor O. , Sundgren Pia C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo investigate core resting state networks in SLE patients with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms by examining functional connectivity changes correlating with results of cognitive testing. Structural MRI and resting state‐fMRI (rs‐fMRI) were performed in 61 female SLE patients (mean age: 36.8 years, range 18.2–52.0 years) and 20 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 36.2 years, range 23.3–52.2 years) in conjunction with clinical examination and cognitive testing. Alterations in core resting state networks, not found in our healthy controls sample, correlated with cognitive performance gauged by neuropsychological tests in non‐neuropsychiatric SLE (nNP) as well as in neuropsychiatric SLE patients (NP). The observed pattern of increased functional connectivity in core resting state networks correlated with reduced cognitive performance on all cognitive domains tested and with a heavy focus on DM, CE, and DM–CE in the NP subgroup. Furthermore, we found that the observed alterations in memory and psychomotor speed correlated with disease duration. In SLE patients both with and without clinically overt neuropsychiatric manifestations, we found changes in the functional connectivity of core resting state networks essential to cognitive functions. These findings may represent a rewiring of functional architecture in response to neuronal damage and could indicate suboptimal compensatory mechanisms at play.
Biochemical Stimulation of Immune Cells and Measurement of Mechanical Responses Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Hu Kenneth H. , Bruce Marc A. , Liu Jianwei , Butte Manish J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis manuscript details methods to ligate cell‐surface receptors on live cells with precise spatiotemporal control using an atomic force microscope (AFM) to deliver ligands. This approach can be used to image cellular responses upon activating T cell receptors when the AFM is mounted on an optical microscope. Moreover, the AFM measures forces generated by the cell during the contact. Using AFM to trigger cellular responses adds an important capability to the field of mechanobiology. We describe how to incorporate anti‐CD3 antibodies or other molecules onto an AFM cantilever and how to use AFM to activate T cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Is bullying and teasing associated with eating disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lie Selma Øverland , Rø Øyvind , Bang Lasse 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveInvolvement in bullying and teasing has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including eating disorders (EDs). The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the association between bullying/teasing and EDs.MethodA systematic search was conducted. We included research articles that examined the association between bullying/teasing (victimization and perpetration) and EDs. Studies were required to compare ED cases with a reference group. We performed a qualitative synthesis of included studies. Additionally, a random‐effects meta‐analysis of odds ratios were performed to compare rates of bullying/teasing victimization between cases and healthy controls.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included for review. Compared to healthy controls, those with EDs were significantly more likely to have been bullied and teased. Evidence of this association was particularly strong for bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder, but was more mixed for anorexia nervosa. It was unclear whether such victimization was more common in EDs compared to psychiatric controls. The meta‐analysis showed that compared to healthy controls, those with EDs were twofold to threefold significantly more likely to have been teased about their appearance and bullied prior to onset of their ED. Few studies examined bullying perpetration. A number of methodological shortcomings of studies were noted.DiscussionBeing victimized through bullying and teasing is associated with EDs, and may constitute a risk factor. Our review underscores the need for more studies, and highlights gaps in the literature. As many patients have been victims of bullying and teasing, addressing such experiences in treatment may be valuable.
Could restoration of a landscape to a pre‐European historical vegetation condition reduce burn probability?
Authors: Stockdale Christopher A. , McLoughlin Neal , Flannigan Mike , Macdonald S. Ellen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMontane regions throughout western North America have experienced increases in forest canopy closure and forest encroachment into grasslands over the past century; this has been attributed to climate change and fire suppression/exclusion. These changes threaten ecological values and potentially increase probabilities of intense wildfire. Restoration of landscapes to historical conditions has been proposed as a potential solution. We used historical oblique photographs of an area in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada, to determine the vegetation composition in 1909 and then asked whether restoration to a historical vegetation condition would: (1) reduce the overall burn probability of fire; (2) reduce the probability of high‐intensity fires; and (3) change the spatial pattern of burn probabilities, as compared to current conditions. We used the Burn‐P3 model to calculate the overall and high‐intensity burn probabilities in two scenarios: (1) the baseline (current (2014) vegetation composition) and (2) historical restoration (vegetation in the study area as of 1909 with the surrounding landscape in its current condition). In the baseline, the landscape had 50% less grassland and more coniferous forest than 100 yr ago. Except for the fuel grids, we ensured all input parameters (number and locations of ignitions, weather conditions, etc.) were identical between the two scenarios; therefore, any differences in outputs are solely attributable to the changed fuels. The historical restoration scenario reduced the overall burn probability by only 1.3%, but the probability of high‐intensity wildfires was reduced by nearly half (44.2%), as compared to the baseline scenario. There were also differences in the spatial pattern of overall burn probabilities between the two scenarios. While 6.7% of the landscape burned with half (or less) the probability in the restoration scenario (compared to the baseline), other areas (3.2%) had burn probabilities two to five times higher. More than 21.5% had high‐intensity burn probabilities that were 20% or less of those in the baseline scenario. Differences in burn probabilities between the two scenarios were largely attributable to the effects of the vegetation difference on rate of fire spread. Restoration to historical vegetation structure significantly lowered wildfire risk to the landscape.
Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts all‐cause deaths in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Nishi Isao , Seo Yoshihiro , Hamada‐Harimura Yoshie , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Ishizu Tomoko , Sugano Akinori , Sato Kimi , Sai Seika , Obara Kenichi , Suzuki Shoji , Koike Akira , Aonuma Kazutaka , Ieda Masaki ,   Ibaraki Cardiovascular Assessment Study‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe objective of the study was to evaluate whether the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) at discharge may be helpful in predicting the long‐term prognosis of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%), a common HF phenotype in the elderly.Methods and resultsOverall, 110 elderly HFpEF patients (≥65 years) from the Ibaraki Cardiovascular Assessment Study‐HF (n = 838) were enrolled. The mean age was 78.5 ± 7.2 years, and male patients accounted for 53.6% (n = 59). All‐cause mortality was compared between the low GNRI (<92) with moderate or severe nutritional risk group and the high GNRI (≥92) with no or low nutritional risk group. Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to evaluate the influence of the GNRI on all‐cause death with the following covariates using forward stepwise selection: age, sex, nutritional status based on the GNRI as a categorical variable, history of HF hospitalization, haemoglobin level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, log brain natriuretic peptide levels (logBNP), history of hypertension, log C‐reactive protein levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass index, and the New York Heart Association functional classification (I/II or III class). The prognostic value of the GNRI was compared with that of serum albumin using C‐statistics. The GNRI was added to the logBNP, serum albumin or the body mass index was added to the logBNP, and the C‐statistic was compared using DeLong's test. Cox regression analysis revealed that age and a low GNRI were independent predictors of all‐cause death (P < 0.05, n = 103; hazard ratio = 1.095, 95% confidence interval = 1.031–1.163, for age, and hazard ratio = 3.075, 95% confidence interval = 1.244–7.600, for the GNRI). DeLong's test for the two correlated receiver operating characteristic curves [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of serum albumin, 0.71; AUROC of the GNRI, 0.75] demonstrated significant differences between the groups (P = 0.038). Adding the GNRI to the logBNP increased the AUROC for all‐cause death significantly (0.71 and 0.80, respectively; P = 0.040, n = 105). The addition of serum albumin or the body mass index to the logBNP did not significantly increase the AUROC for all‐cause death (P = 0.082 and P = 0.29, respectively).ConclusionsNutritional screening using the GNRI at discharge is helpful to predict the long‐term prognosis of elderly HFpEF patients.
Contralateral segmental transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation inhibits nociceptive flexion reflex in healthy participants
Authors: Takiguchi Nobuhiro , Shomoto Koji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non‐invasive treatment to relieve pain. Contralateral TENS (i.e. TENS administered to the contralateral side of a painful body part) is beneficial when TENS cannot be directly applied to pain site, such as in cases of trauma. Although TENS produces segmental analgesia in an ipsilateral limb, it has been unclear whether TENS produces higher analgesic effects in the contralateral segmental area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic effects of TENS in contralateral segmental or extra‐segmental areas on physiological and subjective pain outcomes, using a nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) method.MethodsWe randomly allocated 60 healthy participants to three groups: contralateral segmental TENS (CS‐TENS); contralateral extra‐segmental TENS (CE‐TENS); and contralateral placebo TENS (CP‐TENS). CS‐TENS was applied to right superficial sural nerve and CE‐TENS was applied to the right superficial femoral nerve, each for 30 minutes. The magnitude of the NFR elicited by electrical stimulation of the left sural nerve was measured at baseline and at three subsequent 10‐minute intervals. Subjective pain intensity was measured simultaneously with a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsAt 30 min, the NFR magnitude of CS‐TENS group was significantly lower than that of the CP‐TENS group (p = 0.021). There were no significant differences in VAS scores among the groups at any time point.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CS‐TENS inhibited NFR. Although there was no significant between‐group difference in subjective pain intensity, factors such as a placebo effect probably impacted it.SignificanceOur findings provide support for the contralateral approach at stimulation sites when TENS cannot be directly administered to a pain site (e.g. due to disease or trauma).
Risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Shihao , Huang Zixian , Chen Weiliang , Pan Chaobin , Huang Zhiquan 
Published: February 2019

AbstarctBackgroundPostoperative hemorrhage is one of the life‐threatening complications of oral cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors in a large cohort.Patients and methodsPatients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who had received surgery were enrolled. The variables between patients with and without postoperative hemorrhage were compared using univariate and multivariate models.ResultsOf the 1513 patients (or 1581 cases) enrolled in the study, 34 patients suffered from postoperative hemorrhage. In the univariate analysis, cigarette, and alcohol consumption, floor of mouth tumors, T4 classified tumors, flap reconstruction, surgical site infection, and flap necrosis were risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage. In the multivariate model, flap necrosis and surgical site infection were independent risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage.ConclusionsThe patients with surgical site infection or flap necrosis should be closely monitored in order to avoid postoperative hemorrhage.
Bevacizumab as a steroid‐sparing agent during immunotherapy for melanoma brain metastases: A case series
Authors: Banks Patricia D. , Lasocki Arian , Lau Peter K. H. , Sandhu Shahneen , McArthur Grant , Shackleton Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases are common in advanced melanoma and often necessitate corticosteroids such as dexamethasone to control symptoms and reduce peritumoral edema. Immunotherapy improves survival in metastatic melanoma, but concomitant treatment with corticosteroids may reduce efficacy. Here, we report the use of bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, as a steroid‐sparing agent in melanoma patients with brain metastases treated with immunotherapy.MethodsMedical records and imaging were retrospectively analyzed for melanoma patients with brain metastases who received bevacizumab at our institution between 2012 and 2017.Results12 melanoma patients with brain metastases received bevacizumab (5‐7.5 mg/kg Q2‐3 W; median 4 cycles, range 1‐9). Patients were BRAF wild‐type or resistant to BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy. All had progressive intracranial disease after prior resection, stereotactic radiosurgery and/or whole brain radiotherapy, and up to four lines of previous systemic treatment. Prior to bevacizumab, all patients had radiologically defined peritumoral edema and nine required dexamethasone for symptom control. In 10 evaluable patients, six reduced their dexamethasone dose by more than 50%, and eight displayed reduced edema 4 weeks after bevacizumab. Seven patients experienced adverse events possibly related to bevacizumab, including intracranial hemorrhage, hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Ten patients received immunotherapy after bevacizumab. Five patients survived more than 6 months, including one who remained disease‐free after 4 years and without neurological deficit despite being hemiplegic from edematous brain metastases prior to bevacizumab.ConclusionIn 12 very poor prognosis melanoma patients with brain metastases, bevacizumab was well‐tolerated, associated with improved symptoms and reduced peritumoral edema despite weaning steroids, and facilitated treatment with immunotherapy that provided durable survival in a substantial proportion of cases.