bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of a Functional Triiron(
III
) Cluster in
L
‐Ferritin
Authors: Ciambellotti Silvia , Pozzi Cecilia , Mangani Stefano , Turano Paola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The L‐subunits of mammalian ferritins are generally accepted to facilitate iron biomineral formation by providing nucleation sites. The formation of a μ
3
‐oxo trinuclear iron cluster on the inner cage of homopolymeric recombinant human L ferritin and natural horse spleen ferritin has been observed upon diffusion of ferrous ions through metal‐free ferritin crystals. Three glutamate side chains (Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64) act as bridging ligands between iron pairs, thus driving the cluster assembly. In the fully formed cluster, observed after 60′ diffusion in the human L ferritin, the iron ions are also bridged by peroxide anions, which could originate from ferrous iron oxidation by dioxygen. Substitution of Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64 by alanine residues significantly reduces the iron biomineralization rates, thus suggesting that the observed cluster represents the biomineral nucleation site.
Manganese‐Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Liu Hanlin , Zhang Xiao‐An 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe contrast agent (CA) has become an essential component of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) practices, routinely applied to enhance the visualization of various diseases that are otherwise hard to detect. The majority of commercial CAs are based on small Gd(III) complexes, which have been widely used in diagnostic medicine for more than three decades, benefiting tens of millions of patients worldwide. Recently, however, Gd‐based CAs have been identified as the cause of a severe adverse effect known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). In addition, increasing evidence suggest that release of toxic free Gd(III) ions from the MRI CAs lead to the deposit of Gd in the brain and other organs. Development of non‐Gd‐based MRI CAs, therefore, is increasingly important. As an essential micronutrient, Mn is a preferred element of choice in this regard and, therefore, has regained attention in research over recent years. In this article, we will first summarize the key elements for the design and evaluation of MRI CAs. Three types of Mn‐based agents, including small ionic Mn(II) agents, Mn(III) complexes, and Mn‐containing nanoparticles will then be reviewed, according to these key elements. Finally, the recent advances in developing Mn‐based MRI probes as molecular imaging sensors will be highlighted. Throughout the review, the advantages and limitations of Mn‐based agents for MRI, in comparison with the conventional Gd‐based CAs, are the focus of the discussions. Overall, certain types of Mn complexes, such as new water‐soluble MnPs, have shown unique benefits over their Gd counterparts. This includes high sensitivity at high clinical magnetic fields, better biocompatibility of Mn in comparison to Gd, high stability, flexible structure/function, and tunable pharmacokinetics. Some of the new Mn agents have demonstrated potential for future clinical applications, as well as for advanced sensor development.
Divalent Actinides and Transactinides: Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Maria Leonor , Marçalo Joaquim , Gibson John K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the chemistry of divalent actinide molecular compounds, as well as a brief discussion about prospects for divalent chemistry of transactinide elements. In the introduction, a survey of the stability of the +2 oxidation state for actinides and transactinides is presented, the scope of the article is elucidated, and previous review publications related to the subject are identified. The main body concisely covers experimental results that have provided evidence for formation of divalent actinide molecular species. The initial section reviews some studies performed in the relatively “exotic” realms of gas phase and noble gas matrices. The majority of the article is devoted to the more characteristic territory of coordination chemistry in solutions and solids. An emphasis is on recent experimental developments that led to the first syntheses of complexes of divalent thorium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium. Speculation on potential future developments in divalent actinide and transactinide chemistry is presented in closing.
Metal Deposition on a Self‐Generated Microfibril Network to Fabricate Stretchable Tactile Sensors Providing Analog Position Information
Authors: Moon Sungmin , Park Hyung Keun , Song Jun Hyuk , Cho Sunghwan , Kim Jong Chan , Kim Junghoon , Hwang Heesun , Kim Hyoung Seop , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStretchable conductors and sensors have attracted great attention for use in electronic skin and healthcare monitoring. Despite the development of many stretchable conductors, there are still very few studies that utilize the conventional methods making electrodes and circuits used in current industry. A method is proposed to fabricate a stretchable electrode pattern and a stretchable tactile sensor by simply depositing linear metal lines through a mask on a stretchable substrate. A method is developed of a self‐generating microfibril network on the surface of stretchable block copolymer substrates. The formation mechanism of the microfibril network is studied with finite element method simulations. Metals (Au and Ag nanowires) are deposited directly on the substrate through a patterned mask. This study shows that strain‐insensitive circuit and strain‐sensitive sensor can be fabricated in a controlled way by adjusting the thickness of the deposited metal, which makes it easy to fabricate a tactile sensor by metal deposition. Also, by using the characteristic that the sensor has different sensitivity depending on the line pattern width, a novel sensor structure simultaneously providing analog‐type position information and pressure value is proposed.
Planar‐Type Printed Flexible Mechanical Switch
Authors: Hasuike Yuya , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji , Takei Kuniharu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFuture flexible electronics must exhibit complete mechanically flexibility for a conformal covering without stress or discomfort as human‐interactive electronics. Consequently, each component should be mechanically flexible. As a step toward this end, this study fabricates a planar‐type mechanical flexible switch via a printing method and laser cutting. The device structure to realize a planar‐type device is designed by inspiration from a hair clip. Its fundamental characteristics are characterized, suggesting that this concept works for the mechanical switch with long stability and flexibility. Furthermore, a real‐time medication monitoring sensor using the switches is demonstrated as a proof‐of‐concept for a potential practical application.
Black Phosphorus Radio Frequency Electronics at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Li Tiaoyang , Tian Mengchuan , Li Shengman , Huang Mingqiang , Xiong Xiong , Hu Qianlan , Li Sichao , Li Xuefei , Wu Yanqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has great potential in high‐performance radio frequency electronics owing to its high carrier mobility and velocity. The electrical properties of black phosphorus experience rapid deterioration upon exposure to moisture and oxygen, which poses a challenge in the device fabrication, especially the deposition of gate dielectrics using conventional top‐gate approach. Herein, a Damascene‐like planarization process is presented to create an embedded gate stack with high‐κ dielectrics under a gate‐first approach, which minimizes surface impurities and traps at the black phosphorus/high‐κ interface and preserves the high‐quality black phosphorus channel. The radio frequency performances of this structure improve at least twice compared with conventional top‐gate structures. A record high extrinsic fmax of 17 GHz at room temperature for the device with 400 nm gate‐length is achieved, which further increases to around 31 GHz at 20 K. Finally, BP transistor‐based mixers operating at gigahertz frequency are also demonstrated for the first time.
Fully Transparent and Flexible Capacitors with ZrO2 as the Dielectric Layer
Authors: Zhang Guozhen , Guo Tao , He Xiaobo , Ai Zhiwei , Wu Hao , Liu Chang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTransparent and flexible capacitors with ZrO2 as the dielectric layer are fabricated directly on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates by an in situ atomic layer deposition method. The hybrid AlZnO and silver nanowires serve as the bottom electrode. The capacitors exhibit a high capacitance density of 15.2 fF µm−2 and an ultralow leakage current (1.0 × 10−9 A cm−2 at 1 V). Bending tests reveal that the capacitors can be outwardly bended for up to 1000 times at a radius of 7 mm without any deterioration in electrical performance. Both the top and bottom electrodes of such capacitors are based on ZnO materials, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and promote the mass production process.
Stabilizing Lithium Plating by a Biphasic Surface Layer Formed In Situ
Authors: Pang Quan , Liang Xiao , Kochetkov Ivan R. , Hartmann Pascal , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dendritic growth of Li metal leads to electrode degradation and safety concerns, impeding its application in building high energy density batteries. Forming a protective layer on the Li surface that is electron‐insulating, ion‐conducting, and maintains an intimate interface is critical. We herein demonstrate that Li plating is stabilized by a biphasic surface layer composed of a lithium‐indium alloy and a lithium halide, formed in situ by the reaction of an electrolyte additive with Li metal. This stabilization is attributed to the fast lithium migration though the alloy bulk and lithium halide surface, which is enabled by the electric field across the layer that is established owing to the electron‐insulating halide phase. A greatly stabilized Li‐electrolyte interface and dendrite‐free plating over 400 hours in Li|Li symmetric cells using an alkyl carbonate electrolyte is demonstrated. High energy efficiency operation of the Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)|Li cell over 1000 cycles is achieved.
Reaction of CO2 with a Vanadium(II) Aryl Oxide: Synergistic Activation of CO2/Oxo Groups towards H‐Atom Radical Abstraction
Authors: Viasus Camilo J. , Alderman Nicholas P. , Gabidullin Bulat , Gambarotta Sandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTreatment of divalent (ONNO)V(TMEDA) (1; ONNO=[2,4‐Me2‐2‐(OH)C6H2CH2]2N(CH2)2NMe2) with CO2 afforded [(ONNO)V]2(μ‐OH)(μ‐formate) (2). Whereas the bridging hydroxo and formate groups both originated from CO2, the H atoms present on the two residues were obtained through H‐atom radical abstraction from the solvent. DFT calculations revealed an initially linear CO2 bonding mode, followed by deoxygenation, and highlighted a synergistic effect between the so‐formed oxo group and an additional bridging CO2 residue in promoting radical behavior.
Synthesis of High‐Performance Pebax®‐1074/DD3R Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Karamouz Farahnaz , Maghsoudi Hafez , Yegani Reza 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work deals with the incorporation of deca‐dodecasil 3 rhombohedral (DD3R) zeolite as an inorganic filler into the Pebax®‐1074‐based polymer matrix to enhance the performance of the pure polymeric membrane in CO2/CH4 separation. The membranes were fabricated with different concentrations of DD3R. Separation performances of the membranes were investigated at various feed pressures and temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the prepared membranes were performed. In the best case, selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation was improved, while the permeability decreased. Membranes with 1 and 5 wt % DD3R were located in the acceptable region beyond the Robeson plot (1991) for CO2/CH4 gas pairs.
Stable Copper Phosphorus Iodide (Cu2P3I2) Nano/Microwire Photodetectors
Authors: Amaral Pedro E. M. , Ji Hai‐Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCrystalline Cu2P3I2 nano‐ and microwires with high purity were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport method in evacuated silica ampoules using copper(I) iodide and red phosphorus as precursors for potential applications as photodetectors. Single‐wire field‐effect transistors (FET) were built to study their electronic and optoelectronic properties. The wires exhibit a p‐type semiconducting behavior with an electron mobility of 31.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ION/IOFF ratio of
103. The photodetectors are highly reproducible and stable with a short response time (40–70 ms).
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug‐Drug Interaction Potential for Coadministered SCY‐078, an Oral Fungicidal Glucan Synthase Inhibitor, and Tacrolimus
Authors: Wring Stephen , Murphy Gail , Atiee George , Corr Christy , Hyman Michele , Willett Michael , Angulo David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSCY‐078 is an orally bioavailable triterpenoid glucan synthase inhibitor in clinical development as an intravenous and oral treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida and Aspergillus species. This was a sequential, single‐center, open‐label phase 1 study to assess the drug‐drug interaction potential between SCY‐078 and tacrolimus during concomitant administration in healthy subjects. In cohort 1, period 1, subjects received a single oral dose of tacrolimus 2 mg in the fasted state. In period 2 after a ≥15 day washout, subjects received a single loading dose of SCY‐078 1250 mg on day 1 followed by maintenance doses of SCY‐780 750 mg on days 2 through 8. On day 3 of period 2, subjects also received a single dose of tacrolimus 2 mg concurrent with SCY‐078. In cohort 2, subjects received a loading dose of SCY‐078 1250 mg on day 1 followed by maintenance doses of SCY‐780 750 mg on days 2 and 3. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were compared to assess both the impact of steady‐state SCY‐078 on tacrolimus and the impact of tacrolimus on the PK of steady‐state SCY‐078. The concurrent coadministration of tacrolimus and SCY‐078 had no effect on the maximum blood levels of tacrolimus, as evidenced by no change in maximum concentration of drug in blood plasma and a 1.4‐fold increase in total area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve. The concurrent coadministration of tacrolimus and SCY‐078 resulted in a weaker interaction than typically observed with the azole class of antifungals. The current data indicate that an initial dose adjustment for tacrolimus may not be warranted when combined with SCY‐078, as the modest increase in exposure is less than the therapeutic window, although tacrolimus monitoring, as with addition of any new medication, is recommended. These results support the coadministration of SCY‐078 and tacrolimus.
Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest
Authors: Šigut Martin , Šigutová Hana , Šipoš Jan , Pyszko Petr , Kotásková Nela , Drozd Pavel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractKnowledge about herbivores and their parasitoids in forest canopies remains limited, despite their diversity and ecological importance. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that shape the herbivore–parasitoid community structure, particularly the effect of vertical gradient. We investigated a quantitative community dataset of exposed and semiconcealed leaf‐chewing larvae and their parasitoids along a vertical canopy gradient in a temperate forest. We sampled target insects using an elevated work platform in a 0.2 ha broadleaf deciduous forest plot in the Czech Republic. We analyzed the effect of vertical position among three canopy levels (first [lowest], second [middle], and third [highest]) and tree species on community descriptors (density, diversity, and parasitism rate) and food web structure. We also analyzed vertical patterns in density and parasitism rate between exposed and semiconcealed hosts, and the vertical preference of the most abundant parasitoid taxa in relation to their host specificity. Tree species was an important determinant of all community descriptors and food web structure. Insect density and diversity varied with the vertical gradient, but was only significant for hosts. Both host guilds were most abundant in the second level, but only the density of exposed hosts declined in the third level. Parasitism rate decreased from the first to third level. The overall parasitism rate did not differ between guilds, but semiconcealed hosts suffered lower parasitism in the third level. Less host‐specific taxa (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae) operated more frequently lower in the canopy, whereas more host‐specific Tachinidae followed their host distribution. The most host‐specific Chalcidoidea preferred the third level. Vertical stratification of insect density, diversity, and parasitism rate was most pronounced in the tallest tree species. Therefore, our study contradicts the general paradigm of weak arthropod stratification in temperate forest canopies. However, in the network structure, vertical variation might be superseded by variation among tree species.
Partitioning the functional variation of tree seedlings during secondary succession in a tropical lowland rainforest
Authors: Lu Xinghui , Zang Runguo , Ding Yi , Huang Jihong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe seedling stage is a key phase in the regeneration dynamics of forest communities. The functional diversity of tree seedlings is closely related to the structuring and functioning of forest ecosystems. Here, we examined and partitioned variations of tree seedlings in functional diversity over a chronosequence (younger secondary forest, 18–30 yr; older secondary forest, 60 yr; and old growth forest) after shifting cultivation in a tropical lowland rainforest area on Hainan Island, China. Results showed that the variations of seedling functional diversities revealed a unimodal pattern during the secondary succession. The functional diversities of seedlings were overall lower in the secondary than in old growth forests. The relative role of edaphic factors and tree community factors changed with the successional process. The variations in functional diversity explained by edaphic factors were higher than those by tree community factors in the younger secondary forest. However, with the procession of secondary succession, variations in functional diversities of seedlings explained by tree community factors were increasing. The determinants for functional diversities of seedlings varied with successional stages. Seedling functional diversities were affected by edaphic factors in the younger secondary growth forest. Meanwhile, in the older secondary forest, seedling functional diversities were affected mostly by soil nutrients and tree community factors. In the old growth forest, seedling functional diversities were affected by available nitrogen and tree community factors. Our results suggest that edaphic factors play an important role in the younger secondary forest, while tree community factors in the older secondary forest and unexplained factors in the old growth forest.
Peak exercise stroke volume effects on cognitive impairment in community‐dwelling people with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sugie Masamitsu , Harada Kazumasa , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nara Marina , Kawai Hisashi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ishikawa Joji , Tanaka Jun , Koyama Teruyuki , Kim Hunkyung , Sengoku Renpei , Fujimoto Hajime , Obuchi Shuichi , Kyo Shunei , Ito Hideki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsThe association of vascular dysfunction and amyloid beta deposition attracted attentions for its relationship with cognitive decline. Previous studies show the correlation between the declined cardiac function and the cognitive impairment. In the present study, we analysed the association between cognitive functions and cardiac parameters in community‐dwelling people with preserved ejection fraction without heart failure.Methods and resultsSubjects were 108 Japanese community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older adults with preserved ejection fraction (25 men and 83 women; mean age 74.7 years). Cardiac functional parameters at rest were assessed with B‐type natriuretic peptide and echocardiography. The cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to test these parameters during exercise. Cognitive function was assessed with the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J). Other indices were assessed biochemically, physiologically, and physically. There were significant correlations between MoCA‐J score and age (r = −0.388), peak oxygen uptake (VO2, r = 0.201), peak VO2/heart rate (HR, r = 0.243), peak VO2/weight (r = 0.244), peak metabolic equivalents (r = 0.244), usual walking speed (r = −0.200), and the Timed Up and Go test (r = −0.230). Multiple linear regression analysis showed peak VO2/HR was an independent determinant of MoCA‐J score after adjusting for potential confounders (B = 0.424). After 6 months of exercise training with 64 subjects, we found that the per cent change of peak VO2/HR was related to the per cent change of MoCA‐J score (r = 0.296).ConclusionsThese results suggested that peak VO2/HR (an index of stroke volume at peak exercise) might be associated with cognitive impairment based on the vascular cascade hypothesis.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Ferrocenyl‐Functionalized Metallocenes M(η5‐C5H5)2(EFc)2 (M = Ti, Zr; E = O, S, Se)
Authors: Frenzel Peter , Korb Marcus , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Heinrich Lang from Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany. The cover image shows the redox processes of the ligands regulated by the flow of electrons through the “green man” on the traffic lights.
Use of Endoglycosidase H as a diagnostic tool for MAN1B1‐CDG patients
Authors: Duvet Sandrine , Mouajjah Dounia , Péanne Romain , Matthijs Gert , Raymond Kimiyo , Jaeken Jaak , Morava Eva , Foulquier François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are heterogeneous group of genetic protein and lipid glycosylation abnormalities. With some 33 reported patients, MAN1B1‐CDG belongs to the more frequent causes of CDG‐II. MAN1B1 encodes an α1,2‐mannosidase that removes the terminal mannose residue from the middle branch. Several methods have been proposed to characterize the glycosylation changes. In MAN1B1‐CDG, the abnormal accumulating N‐glycan structures are mostly absent or found in trace amounts in total human serum. To overcome this issue, in this study, we present a straightforward procedure based on the use of Endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase H to easily diagnose MAN1B1‐CDG patients and mannosidase defects.
Embryonic effects of an environmentally relevant PCB mixture in the domestic chicken
Authors: Ottinger Mary Ann , Lavoie Emma T. , Bohannon Meredith E.B. , Marcel Allegra M. , Tschiffely Anna E. , Duffy Kara B. , McKernan Moira , Thompson Nichola , Whitehouse H. Kasen , Davani Kimya , Strauss Marci , Tillitt Donald E. , Lipton Josh , Dean Karen M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Studies were conducted to develop methods to assess the effects of a complex mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). Treatments were administered by egg injection to compare embryonic effects of an environmentally relevant PCB congener mixture in the domestic chicken over a range of doses. Chicken eggs were injected with the PCB mixture with a profile similar to that found in avian eggs collected on the upper Hudson River, New York, USA, at doses that spanned 0 to 98 μg/g egg. Eggs were hatched in the laboratory to ascertain hatching success. In the domestic chicken, the median lethal dose was 0.3 μg/g. These data demonstrate adverse effects of an environmentally relevant PCB mixture and provide the basis for further work using in vitro and other models to characterize the potential risk to avian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2513–2522. © 2018 SETAC