bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritage sites experience design with special needs customers
Authors: Cerdan Chiscano Monica , Binkhorst Esther 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of including customers with special needs in the design of cultural and heritage services before the actual experience takes place.

Design/methodology/approach
Inclusive research through co-creation took place in the city of Barcelona, Spain, in 2017, comparing the effect of including (Route 2) or not including (Route 1) customers with visual and learning difficulties in the service design process of heritage walking routes.

Findings
The results show that the most important encounter in the heritage site context is communication, although the usage and service touchpoints were also significant. In addition, results showed that the ideal encounter or touchpoint should take place before the stay.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to learning about the designing of cultural and heritage experiences and including people with special needs in the service design process before the actual experience takes place.
The impact of extreme weather on mass-participation sporting events
Authors: Giddy Julia Kathryn 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extreme weather on tourism events through the perceptions of participants, using the case of the 2017 Cape Town Cycle Tour (CTCT).

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized a survey method to collect data. Questionnaires were distributed online to would-be participants in the cancelled 2017 CTCT. The questionnaire included both fixed-response and open-ended questions.

Findings
The results show that participants experienced mixed emotions to event cancellation. Most felt that the weather conditions warranted cancellation, but some concerns emerged as to how the cancellation was managed. In addition, many felt that the organization of the race needs to be rethought due to numerous negative weather experiences in recent years.

Research limitations/implications
The findings in this study are exploratory. They focus on a single event in one city. However, they provide important initial insight into how sporting event participants react to the negative impacts of extreme weather.

Practical implications
These results have important management implications in addressing the impact of weather on the events sector. They are significant in understanding best practice with regard to managing participants in the case of weather impacts on an event. They also demonstrate interesting results with regard to participant loyalty among active sport events tourists.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is in its extension of the broad discussion of the impact of extreme weather and climate change on tourism to the events sector. The implications of changing weather and climatic patterns on events, particularly mass-participation sporting events, are clear and need to be considered in order to effectively manage future impacts on this important economic sector. This is done by providing insight into how participants respond to these types of circumstances.
FINRA 529 Plan Share Class Initiative encourages firms to self-report violations
Authors: Light Susan , Normile James , Licht Leonard 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
To explain FINRA’s new 529 Plan Share Class Initiative, which encourages broker-dealers to self-report violations.

Design/methodology/approach
This article provides an overview of 529 plans, the various fee structures of the underlying investment funds, and guidance that broker-dealers should tailor their recommendations to the needs of the individual customer. The article discusses FINRA’s initiative for broker-dealers to self-report if they have violations in this area. It describes various supervisory failures brokerage firms may experience in connection with recommending 529 plans, eligibility for the self-reporting initiative and benefits of self-reporting.

Findings
This FINRA initiative provides an opportunity for firms to reflect on their supervisory systems and provide restitution to harmed customers. It also provides relevant fee-based investment information to customers.

Practical implications
529 plans are valuable tax-advantaged tools to encourage saving for the future educational expenses of a designated beneficiary. If brokerage firms lack reasonable supervisory procedures to recommend appropriate investments based on the length of the investment horizon, this FINRA initiative provides a unique and limited opportunity for firms to assess their supervisory systems and procedures governing 529 Plan share-class recommendations, to identify and remediate any defects, and to compensate any investors harmed by supervisory failures, while possibly avoiding fines for such conduct.

Originality/value
Expert guidance from experienced financial services regulatory and public finance lawyers.
Cryptoassets consumer research points to ignorance and risky behaviour
Authors: Rice Bradley , Williams Bisola 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
To review the findings of the Financial Conduct Authority's consumer research on cryptoassets.

Design/methodology/approach
Summarises the FCA's research and draws on other recent cryptoasset papers/announcements.

Findings
The research finds consumers do not understand crytpoassets well, and not many of them buy them; those that do see them as a fast track to wealth.

Practical implications
This research will further inform the approach the FCA eventually takes in clarifying the regulatory perimeter for cryptoassets.

Originality/value
Summary by experts in the field.
Propensity toward financial risk tolerance: an analysis using behavioural factors
Authors: Rahman Mahfuzur 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of six core behavioural factors on financial risk tolerance (FRT). The study also analyses the role of religiosity in the relationship between behavioural factors and FRT.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data were collected using a survey questionnaire. A total of 1,679 questionnaires were distributed to six public universities in the Klang Valley. However, only 1,204 questionnaires were completed and used for analysis. This study employs structural equation modelling to validate and assess proposed research model.

Findings
The results of the analysis demonstrated some new findings. The findings indicate that propensity for regret, propensity for trust, happiness in life, propensity to attribute success to luck and propensity for overconfidence have a significant influence on FRT while propensity for social interaction does not. The results also provide support for the moderating effects of religiosity in the proposed research model.

Originality/value
The findings highlight the important role of behavioural determinants to assess individuals’ FRT. Understanding FRT is a complex process that goes beyond the exclusive use of behavioural factors. Thus, more research is clearly needed to resolve which additional factors can be used by financial advisors to increase the explained variance in FRT differences.
Review of behavioral explanations of how rank-based incentives influence risk taking by investment managers in mutual fund companies
Authors: Gärling Tommy , Fang Dawei , Holmen Martin 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review behavioral explanations of the empirical observation that investment managers in mutual fund companies increase their risk taking when offered incentives based on how their performance is ranked compared to peers.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model is proposed of how research on social comparison, competition and financial risk taking may explain increased investor risk taking induced by rank-based incentives. Research findings in each of the strands of research are reviewed.

Findings
A proposed main explanation is that an above-average bias in comparing oneself with competitors results in overconfidence that increases risk taking. A complementary proposed explanation is that an anticipated loss when lagging behind increases risk taking, and another proposed complementary explanation the belief that risk taking is a winning strategy.

Originality/value
The results provide a broad framework for directions of research on social comparison processes in the mutual fund industry addressing the difficulties in implementing performance evaluations.
Academic engagement in policy-making and social and environmental reporting
Authors: Garcia-Torea Nicolas , Larrinaga Carlos , Luque-Vílchez Mercedes 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to document and discuss the involvement of a group of Spanish academics in the process of social and environmental reporting regulation to reflect on the role of accounting academics in regulatory processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes the long-standing engagement of a group of Spanish scholars in social and environmental reporting regulation, with a particular focus on the transposition of the EU Directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial information to the Spanish legislation.

Findings
Despite failures and mistakes in the engagement history of those scholars with different regulatory processes, academics problematized social and environmental reporting regulation, bridged the gap between regulation and practice, and facilitated the debate about social and environmental reporting. This long-term and collective engagement generated the intellectual capital that allowed researchers to provide their perspectives when the Spanish political process was ripe to move such regulation in a progressive direction.

Practical implications
The paper remarks two important aspects that, according to the reported experience, are required for academics to engage in social and environmental reporting regulation: developing long-standing research projects that enable the accumulation of intellectual capital to effectively intervene in regulatory processes when the opportunity arises; and nurturing epistemic communities seeking to promote corporate accountability was fundamental to circulate ideas and foster the connection between academics and policymakers. This long-term and collective perspective is at odds with current forms of research assessment.

Social implications
Academics have a responsibility to intervene in regulatory processes to increase corporate transparency.

Originality/value
The experience reported is unique and the authors have first-hand information. It spans through two decades and extracts some conclusions that could feed further discussions about engagement and, hopefully, encourage scholars to develop significant research projects.
Enforcement mechanisms and governance structures to protect a region of origin lamb product
Authors: van der Merwe Melissa , Kirsten Johann F. , Trienekens Jacques H. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to make an empirical contribution by investigating the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures required to protect and govern a regional food product when public certification fails. As one of the recent additions to South Africa’s repertoire of products with a designated origin, Karoo Lamb made for an interesting case study.

Design/methodology/approach
A conjoint analysis was conducted to elicit the farmers’ preferred enforcement mechanisms to protect the authenticity of the Karoo Lamb product. The investigation, furthermore, draws on survey data collected among 73 farmers, five abattoirs, two processors/packers and five retail outlets to evaluate the governance structures of the Karoo Lamb supply chain.

Findings
The results indicate that due to failed public certification that is governed by market-like structures, Karoo Lamb is better off being governed by hierarchical structures. These structures are expected to allow for a stronger focus on stricter enforcement mechanisms.

Practical implications
At the farm level, the Karoo Lamb supply chain requires better enforcement mechanisms to protect the unique attributes of origin and taste to ensure the authenticity of Karoo Lamb. This change towards stricter enforcement requires more hierarchical structures to allow for private or mutual enforcement mechanisms.

Originality/value
This paper contributes empirically to the governance structure knowledge base by analysing the enforcement mechanisms and governance structures needed to enforce and protect, the quality and origin standards of a region of origin product, Karoo Lamb, in South Africa.
Invasive moth facilitates use of a native food plant by other native and invasive arthropods
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Gols Rieta , Smith Brittany , Ode Paul J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganisms that invade new habitats exploit new resources or niches and influence native species. Here, we examine how an invasive moth, the parsnip webworm (Depressaria radiella, formerly D. pastinacella), facilitates interactions with other arthropods in spatially separated populations of native cow parsnip (Heracleum maximum) in the Rocky Mountains (New Mexico and Colorado). We compare this with results on small hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) in the Netherlands, where both the plant and herbivore are native. Larvae of D. radiella feed in webs on ripening fruits of their food plants. Mature caterpillars descend the hollow stems into which they chew a hole, enter the stem and pupate. Other arthropods enter the stems through these holes. Plants in all populations of cow parsnip/hogweed contained either moth pupae and/or webworms mummified by their main parasitoid, Copidosoma sosares that also been introduced into parts of the United States. In both countries, earwigs (Forficula auricularia), which are also invasive in the United States, were the dominant arthropod to utilize webworm‐perforated stems, although there was more within‐site variability in abundance of earwigs in the United States than in the Netherlands. The woodlouse, Porcelio scaber, which is native to Eurasia but also established in the United States, was abundant in stems of Dutch hogweeds but absent in stems of American cow parsnips. Other native herbivores (e.g., mirid bugs), were collected in stems at sites in both continents. Moreover, the number of various arthropods found in perforated stems correlate positively with the number of holes found in these stems.
Simplified Direct PCR Method for Reference Buccal Samples Using a Non‐FTA Card by Omitting the Pretreatment Step
Authors: Jung Ju Yeon , Ryu Ga Hee , Kim Da‐Hye , Kim Joo‐Young , Hwang In Kwan , Kang Pil‐Won , Chun Byung Won , Yoo Seong Yeon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen using non‐FTA cards in commercial multiplex STR kits for direct PCR, pretreatment steps with specific buffers are recommended. Here, we designed a rapid direct PCR method utilizing a non‐FTA card, Oral Cell Sampling Kit, by omitting the pretreatment step involving Prep‐n‐Go™ Buffer, and it showed compatibility with the GlobalFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit, GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit, and PowerPlex® Fusion system. To optimize the PCR conditions, we tested the method with different final PCR volumes and cycles. Finally, we conducted a performance test using 50 Korean buccal samples and confirmed the high performance of the method, detecting more than 90% of the samples with full profiles when using GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex® Fusion system at 29 cycles in a 10 μL final PCR volume. Thus, we report a simple direct PCR set‐up to analyze reference samples collected using a non‐FTA card manufactured in Korea.
Detection and Identification of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) by a Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction High‐Resolution Melt Duplex Assay,
Authors: Cowan Ashley F. , Elkins Kelly M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMitragyna speciosa (MS), a plant commonly known as kratom, is a widely used “legal high” opiate alternative for pain relief. DNA extracted from MS and 26 additional plant species was amplified by PCR using primers targeting the strictosidine beta‐D‐glucosidase (SGD) and secologanin synthase 2 (SLS2) genes and detected by high‐resolution melt curves using three intercalating dyes. Amplicon sizes were confirmed using agarose gel electrophoresis. The observed melt temperatures for SGD and SLS2 were 77.08 ± 0.38°C and 77.61 ± 0.46°C, respectively, using SYBR® Green I; 80.18 ± 0.27°C and 80.59 ± 0.08°C, respectively, using Radiant™ Green; and 82.19 ± 0.04°C and 82.62 ± 0.13°C, respectively, using the LCGreen® PLUS dye. The SLS2 primers demonstrated higher specificity and identified MS DNA at 0.05 ng/μL. In a duplex reaction, SLS2 and tetrahydrocannabinoic acid synthase gene primers detected and differentiated MS and Cannabis sativa (CS) by melt peaks at 82.63 ± 0.35°C and 85.58 ± 0.23°C, respectively, using LCGreen® PLUS.
How Ireland is Facing the Threat of a ‘No‐deal' Brexit
Authors: Matthews Alan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIreland will be the EU country, after the UK itself, most affected by the economic fall‐out from Brexit. Its agri‐food sector, in particular, has most to fear from the consequences of a disorderly or ‘no‐deal' Brexit. The increased probability of a no‐deal Brexit under Boris Johnson, UK Prime Minister who has succeeded Prime Minister Theresa May, raises three issues for the Irish government. The first is whether to accept some relaxation of the conditions around the backstop in the Withdrawal Agreement if this were the price of UK approval of this Agreement. The second is to prepare for the adverse economic impacts likely from a disorderly Brexit in which the UK leaves without a deal, not least for the agri‐food sector. The third is to work out how to manage the Ireland‐Northern Ireland border in the event of a hard Brexit, given its insistence that it does not plan checks along the land border and nor is it planning for checks in the Irish Sea. This Point de Vue discusses how the Irish government is addressing each of these challenges.
Development of Antibacterial Carboxymethyl Cellulose‐Based Nanobiocomposite Films Containing Various Metallic Nanoparticles for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Ebrahimi Yadollah , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin , Peighambardoust Seyed Hadi , Karkaj Sirous Zahed 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) metallic nanoparticles were used in preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanobiocomposite films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (EDXA), water vapor permeability (WVP), ultraviolet and visible light (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and mechanical and microbial tests were used to determine the characteristics of the obtained active films. SEM results showed that the CMC nanobiocomposite films had roughness deflection levels and the EDXA test confirmed the presence of Ag, ZnO, and Cuo nanoparticles in the biopolymer tissue. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed that with addition of metallic nanoparticles to the pure CMC film, absorption rate increased and WVP decreased. In the mechanical tests, addition of nanoparticles also increased the tensile strength of the films, and the nanobiocomposite films exhibited higher resistance compared to the pure CMC film. Films incorporating metallic nanoparticles showed antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth. Thus, nanobiocomposite films can be used as active packaging films and could increase the shelf‐life of the food.
Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Trist Benjamin G. , Hare Dominic J. , Double Kay L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParkinson's disease prevalence is rapidly increasing in an aging global population. With this increase comes exponentially rising social and economic costs, emphasizing the immediate need for effective disease‐modifying treatments. Motor dysfunction results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. While a specific biochemical mechanism remains elusive, oxidative stress plays an undeniable role in a complex and progressive neurodegenerative cascade. This review will explore the molecular factors that contribute to the high steady‐state of oxidative stress in the healthy substantia nigra during aging, and how this chemical environment renders neurons susceptible to oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. Contributing factors to oxidative stress during aging and as a pathogenic mechanism for Parkinson's disease will be discussed within the context of how and why therapeutic approaches targeting cellular redox activity in this disorder have, to date, yielded little therapeutic benefit. We present a contemporary perspective on the central biochemical contribution of redox imbalance to Parkinson's disease etiology and argue that improving our ability to accurately measure oxidative stress, dopaminergic neurotransmission and cell death pathways in vivo is crucial for both the development of new therapies and the identification of novel disease biomarkers.
Simulated herbivory counteracts the effects of grass competition on the invasive fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis)
Authors: Fynn Olieve G. , Harvey Kerinne J. , Tedder Michelle , Olckers Terence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCompetition, herbivory and their interaction play a significant role in determining the competitive ability and survival of individual plant species. Understanding these processes and interactions can improve the efficacy of biocontrol programs against invasive weeds. Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) is an invasive weed of South African origin that reduces pastoral productivity and poisons livestock in several countries, notably Australia. Although competitive pastures can suppress the weed’s growth in Australia, its competitive nature is poorly understood in relation to its invasion success. This greenhouse study assessed the growth and reproductive yield of fireweed growing in competition with six native and introduced grasses present in both South Africa and Australia. Since fireweed is a target for biocontrol in Australia, we examined whether its response to grass competition changed with herbivory (simulated by 40% leaf removal). The effect of grass competition and herbivory on the weed’s biomass and floral productivity was examined during a 12‐week pot trial in South Africa. Floral numbers were unaffected by both grass competition and herbivory. Biomass was used to calculate Relative Interaction Indices (RII) to quantify the weed’s competitive or facilitative response. This index compares a specific measurable trait, such as biomass, of fireweed growing alone, to fireweed growing with grass to determine the level of competitive suppression or facilitation resulting from the interaction. Despite the lack of species‐specific effects of grass competition, the presence of grass suppressed fireweed’s foliar, root and whole plant biomass the most when herbivory was absent. With herbivory, fireweed did not suffer from any measurable competitive suppression. This lack of competitive suppression may be due to an induced allelopathic response, given the levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids common in many Senecio species. Since this result may weaken the case for biocontrol, the weed’s competitive responses should be verified in relation to actual insect herbivory.