bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Dr Google’: trends in online interest in prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Rezaee Michael E. , Goddard Briana , Sverrisson Einar F. , Seigne John D. , Dagrosa Lawrence M. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo examine trends in online search behaviours related to prostate cancer on a national and regional scale using a dominant major search engine.Materials and MethodsGoogle Trends was queried using the terms ‘prostate cancer’, ‘prostate‐specific antigen’ (PSA), and ‘prostate biopsy’ between January 2004 and January 2019. Search volume index (SVI), a measure of relative search volume on Google, was obtained for all terms and examined by region and time period: pre‐US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Grade D draft recommendation on PSA screening; during the active Grade D recommendation; and after publication of the recent Grade C draft recommendation.ResultsOnline interest in PSA screening differed by time period (P < 0.01). The SVI for PSA screening was greater pre‐Grade D draft recommendation (82.7) compared to during the recommendation (74.5), while the SVI for PSA screening was higher post‐Grade C draft recommendation (90.4) compared to both prior time periods. Similar results were observed for prostate biopsy and prostate cancer searches. At the US state level, online interest in prostate cancer was highest in South Carolina (SVI 100) and lowest in Hawaii (SVI 64). For prostate cancer treatment options, online interest in cryotherapy, prostatectomy and prostate cancer surgery overall increased, while searches for active surveillance, external beam radiation, brachytherapy and high‐intensity focused ultrasonography remained stable.ConclusionOnline interest in prostate cancer has changed over time, particularly in accordance with USPSTF screening guidelines. Google Trends may be a useful tool in tracking public interest in prostate cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, especially as it relates to major shifts in practice guidelines.
Back to the basics: Rethinking partial correlation network methodology
Authors: Williams Donald R. , Rast Philippe 
Published: June 2019

The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is an increasingly popular technique used in psychology to characterize relationships among observed variables. These relationships are represented as elements in the precision matrix. Standardizing the precision matrix and reversing the sign yields corresponding partial correlations that imply pairwise dependencies in which the effects of all other variables have been controlled for. The graphical lasso (glasso) has emerged as the default estimation method, which uses ℓ1‐based regularization. The glasso was developed and optimized for high‐dimensional settings where the number of variables (p) exceeds the number of observations (n), which is uncommon in psychological applications. Here we propose to go ‘back to the basics’, wherein the precision matrix is first estimated with non‐regularized maximum likelihood and then FisherZtransformed confidence intervals are used to determine non‐zero relationships. We first show the exact correspondence between the confidence level and specificity, which is due to 1 minus specificity denoting the false positive rate (i.e., α). With simulations in low‐dimensional settings (p ≪ n), we then demonstrate superior performance compared to the glasso for detecting the non‐zero effects. Further, our results indicate that the glasso is inconsistent for the purpose of model selection and does not control the false discovery rate, whereas the proposed method converges on the true model and directly controls error rates. We end by discussing implications for estimating GGMs in psychology.
Post‐Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations in the southern Écrins massif (westernmost Alps): insights from 10Be cosmic ray exposure dating
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin , Alexanderson Helena , Schoeneich Philippe , Mertes Jordan R. , Léanni Laëtitia ,   Aster Team (Georges Aumaître, Didier L. Bourlès, Karim Keddadouche)
Published: June 2019

Only a few chronological constraints on Lateglacial and Early Holocene glacier variability in the westernmost Alps have hitherto been obtained. In this paper, moraines of two palaeoglaciers in the southern Écrins massif were mapped. The chronology of the stabilization of selected moraines was established through the use of 10Be cosmic ray exposure (CRE) dating. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) during moraine deposition was reconstructed assuming an accumulation area ratio (AAR) of 0.67. Ten pre‐Little Ice Age (LIA) ice‐marginal positions of the Rougnoux palaeoglacier were identified and seven of these have been dated. The 10Be CRE age of a boulder on the lowermost sampled moraine indicates that the landform may have been first formed during a period of stable glaciers at around 16.2±1.7 ka (kiloyears before AD 2017) or that the sampled boulder experienced pre‐exposure to secondary cosmic radiation. The moraine was re‐occupied or, alternatively, shaped somewhat before 12.2±0.6 ka when the ELA was lowered by 230 m relative to the LIA ELA. At least six periods of stable ice margins occurred thereafter when the ELA was 220–160 m lower than during the LIA. The innermost dated moraine stabilized at or before 10.9±0.7 ka. Three 10Be CRE ages from a moraine of the Prelles palaeoglacier indicate a period of stationary ice margins at or before 10.9±0.6 ka when the ELA was lowered by 160 m with respect to the end of the LIA. The presented 10Be CRE ages are in good agreement with those of moraines that have been attributed to the Egesen stadial. Assuming unchanged precipitation, summer temperature in the southern Écrins massif at ~12 ka must have been at least 2 °C lower relative to the LIA.
Immunohistological analysis of pancreatic carcinoma after vaccination with survivin 2B peptide: Analysis of an autopsy series
Authors: Kubo Terufumi , Tsurita Giichiro , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Yasui Hiroshi , Ota Yasunori , Watanabe Kazue , Murai Aiko , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Asanuma Hiroko , Shima Hiroaki , Wada Satoshi , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Kanaseki Takayuki , Tsukahara Tomohide , Mizuguchi Toru , Hirata Koichi , Takemasa Ichiro , Imai Kohzoh , Sato Noriyuki , Torigoe Toshihiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer by providing new options in addition to existing therapies. However, peptide vaccination therapies still represent an attractive approach, because of the antigen specificity. We identified survivin 2B peptide (SVN‐2B), a 9‐mer antigenic peptide encoded by survivin, and an SVN‐2B peptide vaccine‐based phase II randomized clinical trial targeting unresectable and refractory pancreatic carcinoma was undertaken. The SVN‐2B peptide vaccine did not have any statistically significant clinical benefits in that study. Therefore, we undertook an autopsy study to analyze the immune status of the pancreatic cancer lesions at the histological level. Autopsies were carried out in 13 patients who had died of pancreatic cancer, including 7 who had received SVN‐2B peptide vaccination and 6 who had not, as negative controls. The expression of immune‐related molecules was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were analyzed by tetramer staining and enzyme‐linked immunospot assay. Histological analysis revealed dense infiltration of CD8+ T cells in some lesions in patients who had received the SVN‐2B peptide vaccine. A high rate of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in cancer cells was observed in these cases, indicating that CTLs were induced by SVN‐2B peptide vaccination and had infiltrated the lesions. The lack of a significant antitumor effect was most likely attributable to the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. These findings suggest that the combination of a tumor‐specific peptide vaccine and an ICI might be a promising approach to the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma in the future.
Can Healthier Contexts Be Harmful? A New Perspective on the Plight of Victims of Bullying
Authors: Garandeau Claire F. , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith rising awareness of the negative effects of school bullying on victims’ psychosocial adjustment, schools worldwide are intervening more to try to reduce bullying among their students. However, even when these interventions succeed (i.e., lead to average decreases in bullying), some children continue to experience victimization. Recent studies suggest that their situation is particularly concerning: The adjustment difficulties commonly experienced by victims of bullying may be exacerbated in social contexts in which less victimization occurs, the proportion of victims has decreased, or an antibullying program is being implemented. The possibility that improved social contexts harm some individuals has been referred to as the healthy context paradox. Although strict evidence of this paradox is pending, in this article, we discuss plausible explanations for it, such as causal attributions for the bullying and opportunities for friendship, as well as possible implications for antibullying interventions.
Early Years Parenting Mediates Early Adversity Effects on Problem Behaviors in Intellectual Disability
Authors: Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard P. , Emerson Eric , Hatton Chris 
Published: June 2019

A family developmental framework was applied to data from families of children with intellectual disabilities to understand the role of parenting in the path from early adversity to problem behaviors in mid‐childhood. Data from 9 months to 11 years tested the Family Stress Model in families of 555 children. Adversarial parenting between 3 and 5 years mediated the path from early adversity (family poverty and maternal psychological distress at nine months) to problem behaviors at 7 and 11 years. Positive parent–child relationship only mediated the path to conduct problems. Multiple mediation was not present. Early adversity impacts both positive parent–child relationship and adversarial parenting between three and five, but the latter is crucial for problem behaviors in mid‐childhood.
TNF-derived peptides inhibit tumour growth and metastasis through cytolytic effects on tumour lymphatics
Authors: Lu W , Wang Y , Zhang Q , Owen S , Green M , Ni T , Edwards M , Li Y , Zhang L , Harris A , Li J-L , Jackson D G , Jiang S 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a multi-functional cytokine with profound and diverse effects on physiology and pathology. Identifying the molecular determinants underlying the functions and pathogenic effects of TNF is key to understanding its mechanisms of action and identifying new therapeutic opportunities based on this important molecule. Previously, we showed that some evolutionarily conserved peptides derived from TNF could induce cell death (e.g. apoptosis and/or necrosis), a feature of immune defence mechanisms shared by many vertebrates. In this study, we demonstrated that necrosis-inducing peptide P16 kills human glioblastoma cancer cells and primary human hepatoma or renal cancer cells isolated from patients who had not responded to standard treatments. Importantly, we show that the necrosis-inducing peptide P1516 significantly improves survival by inhibiting tumour metastasis in a 4T1 breast cancer syngeneic graft mouse model. Because the lymphatic system is an important metastatic route in many cancers, we also tested the effect of TNF-derived peptides on monolayers of primary human lymphatic endothelial cells (hDLEC) and found that they increased junctional permeability by inducing cytoskeletal reorganization, gap junction formation and cell death. Transmission electron microscopy imaging evidence, structural analysis and in-vitro liposome leakage experiments strongly suggest that this killing is due to the cytolytic nature of these peptides. P1516 provides another example of a pro-cytotoxic TNF peptide that probably functions as a cryptic necrotic factor released by TNF degradation. Its ability to inhibit tumour metastasis and improve survival may form the basis of a novel approach to cancer therapy.
Implant failures and age at the time of surgery: A retrospective study on implant treatment in 2915 partially edentulous jaws
Authors: Jemt Torsten 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo further report and analyze data on the prevalence of implant failures related to age at surgery in partially edentulous jaws.Materials and MethodsAltogether, 2915 partially edentulous jaws (Kennedy Class I and II) were consecutively treated with 9167 implants over a 30‐year period (1986‐2015) in one referral clinic. All implant failures were consecutively recorded and the first event of implant failure was analyzed in relation to patient age at implant surgery.ResultsA total of 2453 patients participated in the study. The main observations were a nonlinear, normal distribution association between risk of implant failure and age at surgery with the highest risk in middle‐aged patients. The risk for implant failures was significantly higher for middle‐aged patients (45‐64 years) than for old patients at the time of surgery (P < .05). The overall cumulative survival rates for treated jaws increased consistently from the age group of 40 to 49 years to that of >79 years. However, younger age groups (<40 years) presented a different pattern. Partially edentulous patients included late in the study (2003‐2015) presented a more pronounced nonlinear, normal distribution, and the highest risk of implant failure in patients between 50 and 55 years of age at surgery.ConclusionsAn overall nonlinear risk pattern of implant failure was observed, with the highest risk in the middle‐aged group at implant surgery. Overall cumulative survival rates were highest in the youngest and oldest age groups at implant surgery, and this pattern became more pronounced in patients included late in the study.
Deconstructing compassionate conservation
Authors: Hayward Matt W. , Callen Alex , Allen Benjamin L. , Ballard Guy , Broekhuis Femke , Bugir Cassandra , Clarke Rohan H. , Clulow John , Clulow Simon , Daltry Jennifer C. , Davies‐Mostert Harriet T. , Fleming Peter J. S. , Griffin Andrea S. , Howell Lachlan G. , Kerley Graham I. H. , Klop‐Toker Kaya , Legge Sarah , Major Tom , Meyer Ninon , Montgomery Robert A. , Moseby Katherine , Parker Daniel M. , Périquet Stéphanie , Read John , Scanlon Robert J. , Seeto Rebecca , Shuttleworth Craig , Somers Michael J. , Tamessar Cottrell T. , Tuft Katherine , Upton Rose , Valenzuela‐Molina Marcia , Wayne Adrian , Witt Ryan R. , Wüster Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Recently, compassionate conservation has been promoted as an alternative to conventional conservation philosophy. We believe examples presented by compassionate conservationists are deliberately or arbitrarily chosen to focus on mammals; inherently not compassionate; and offer ineffective conservation solutions. Compassionate conservation arbitrarily focuses on charismatic species, notably large predators and megaherbivores. The philosophy is not compassionate when it leaves invasive predators in the environment to cause harm to vastly more individuals of native species or uses the fear of harm by apex predators to terrorize mesopredators. Hindering the control of exotic species (megafauna, predators) in situ will not improve the conservation condition of the majority of biodiversity. The positions taken by so‐called compassionate conservationists on particular species and on conservation actions could be extended to hinder other forms of conservation, including translocations, conservation fencing, and fertility control. Animal welfare is incredibly important to conservation, but ironically compassionate conservation does not offer the best welfare outcomes to animals and is often ineffective in achieving conservation goals. Consequently, compassionate conservation may threaten public and governmental support for conservation because of the limited understanding of conservation problems by the general public.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal lesions in a specialist regional early rectal cancer centre: the Mersey experience
Authors: Ondhia M. , Tamvakeras P. , O'Toole P. , Montazerri A. , Andrews T. , Farrell C. , Ahmed S. , Slawik S. , Ahmed S. ,   the Merseyside Early Rectal Cancer Network
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimOrgan‐preserving local excision by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for early rectal cancer offers significantly lower morbidity as compared to formal rectal cancer resection with acceptable outcomes. This study presents our 6‐year experience of TEM for rectal lesions referred to a specialist early rectal cancer centre in the UK.MethodData were collected for all patients referred for TEM of suspected early rectal cancer to a regional specialist early rectal cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) over a 6‐year period.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐one patients who underwent full‐thickness TEM for suspected or confirmed early rectal cancer were included. Thirty patients were referred for TEM following incomplete endoscopic polypectomy. Final pathology was benign in 77 (54.6%) cases and malignant in 64 (45.4%). Of the 61 confirmed adenocarcinomas, TEM resections were pT0 in 17 (27.9%), pT1 in 32 (51.7%), pT2 in 11 (18.0%) and pT3 in 1 (1.6%). Thirty‐eight of 61 patients (62.3%) had one or more poor histological prognostic features and these patients were offered further treatment. Twenty‐three of 61 (37.7%) patients with rectal adenocarcinoma required no further treatment following TEM. Forty‐three cases of rectal adenocarcinoma were available for establishing recurrence rates. Two of 43 patients (4.7%) developed a recurrence at a median follow‐up of 28.7 months (12.1–66.5 months). The overall estimated 5‐year overall survival rate was 87.9% and the disease‐free survival rate was 82.9%.ConclusionAcceptable outcomes are possible for TEM surgery with appropriate patient selection, effective technique, expert histopathology, appropriate referral for adjuvant treatment and meticulous follow‐up. This can be achieved through an early rectal cancer MDT in a dedicated specialist regional centre.
Exploring the perceptions of emotional distress among couples living with Type 2 diabetes and among diabetes healthcare providers, and consideration of support needs
Authors: Berry E. , Davies M. , Dempster M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo compare the emotional distress experienced by people with Type 2 diabetes with the perceptions of their partners, and to explore the perceptions of healthcare providers and how these differ from the perceptions and experiences of couples living with Type 2 diabetes regarding their support needs.MethodsA purposive sample of people with Type 2 diabetes and their partners was recruited through Diabetes UK media outlets and support groups, while healthcare providers were recruited through hospital and diabetes education teams. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsSeven people with Type 2 diabetes and six partners took part in separate semi‐structured interviews and seven healthcare providers took part in focus groups. Themes emerged regarding unique psychological struggles for people with Type 2 diabetes: ‘sense of restriction’; ‘disempowerment’; and ‘acceptance of diabetes’. For partners the themes of ‘feeling responsible’ and ‘need for greater involvement’ emerged. Common themes arising from people with Type 2 diabetes, partners and healthcare providers highlighted diabetes‐related stresses: ‘self‐care struggles’ and ‘perceived need for appropriate psychological support’. A key theme drawn from healthcare providers was ‘perceived professional barriers to psychological support’, which captures concerns related to providing emotional support in clinical practice.ConclusionsPeople with Type 2 diabetes, partners, and healthcare providers share a common understanding of the emotional stresses of living with Type 2 diabetes, but also experience diabetes differently depending on their role and responsibilities. All face barriers that need to be considered to ensure that emotional support in diabetes is meaningful and feasible in routine practice.
The economics of the Books of Moses
Authors: Koehler Benedikt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Books of Moses contained economic precepts that made a twofold impact in the history of economic thought. First, Mosaic precepts shaped Israel's transition from a nomadic to a sedentary economy. This transition as such had parallels in many other societies, but Israel's case was unique in that Moses grounded economic precepts on theology. Second, Moses shaped conceptions of economics by Jews and by non‐Jews, in two ways: first, he laid a path for theologically derived economics that continued in Christianity and in Islam; second, he cast terms of reference for the right to own property that were dominant in Western economic thinking until the Enlightenment.
‘Market failure’ arguments are a poor guide to policy
Authors: Bourne Ryan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract‘Market failure’ is frequently offered as a justification for government intervention in the economy. Proponents of interventions can point to almost limitless examples of markets which do not meet all the criteria for Pareto optimality and argue that government taxation, subsidies or regulation can perfect them, maximising social welfare. But comparing market outcomes with an unattainable and unidentifiable ideal is not useful in a world of imperfect knowledge and government failure. It is better to compare market outcomes against realistic alternatives. Furthermore, even within the market failure paradigm, concepts such as ‘public goods’ and ‘negative externalities’ are routinely misunderstood and inconsistently applied. This leads to predictably poor policy outcomes.
Why comparative advantage is a problematic guide to practical policy
Authors: Xie Sherman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious criticisms of comparative advantage theory have mainly stressed the inapplicability of its theoretical assumptions. This article focuses on the dilemma involved in using it as a guide to practical policy. Since its inception, comparative advantage theory has gradually split into two schools, representing two ways of thinking and two methodologies. Economic policy based on comparative advantage may succeed in the short run but fail in the long run, because the development model based on this approach has an inherent destructive mechanism.
The Internet's impact on trademark applications
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article assesses empirically the impact of Internet access on the number of trademark applications submitted by countries' residents. The analysis suggests that promotion of access to the Internet influences positively the submission of trademark applications by residents. Greater access to the Internet exerts a stronger positive effect on trademark submissions in developed countries than in developing ones. This positive effect is enhanced when countries further liberalise their trade regimes.
Hemorrhage and associated fistula formation in a left atrial myxoma causing coronary artery steal syndrome
Authors: Su Yongwei , Song Haibo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 59‐year‐old woman with episodes of chest pain was diagnosed with cardiac myxoma. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a massive vascularized tumor and there was a blood stream spurting from the internal cavity of tumor into left atrium through an interconnected sinus tract. Coronary artery angiography (CAG) indicated that the mass was enhanced upon the administration of contrast media, which spouted into the cardiac chamber. This is the first case to report the development of the coronary artery steal syndrome due to hemorrhage and associated fistula formation in a left atrial myxoma, which was detected by TEE and confirmed by CAG.