bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into design of highly ordered calcium silicate hydrate with graphene oxide
Authors: Yao Shun , Zou Fubing , Hu Chuanlin , Wang Fazhou , Hu Shuguang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) is the main hydration product of cement and the most important binder that plays a pivotal role in the mechanical properties of concrete. However, one of the major drawbacks of C–S–H is its high brittleness and low flexural strength due to its disordered structure at the nano‐ and micro‐scales. Therefore, this study adopts graphene oxide (GO) to modify the structure of C–S–H, and investigates the effects of synthetic methods on the structure of C–S–H–GO composites. In this study, the highly ordered C–S–H–GO composite is successfully synthesized and exhibits itself the high toughness. Moreover, the formation mechanism of the highly ordered C–S–H–GO composite is explored and discussed, which provides a new insight into the design of high‐toughness cement‐based materials.
Low pressure dependent elasticity of porous ceramics
Authors: Karunarathne Ashoka , Jodha Kartikeya S. , Priyadarshan Gautam , Griggs Jason A. , Gladden Joseph R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to characterize the influence of the pore‐saturated gas media and their physical properties on the elasticity of porous ceramic materials. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopic measurements were performed on test specimens of alumina with ~40% porosity, zirconia with ~48% porosity, and sintered fully dense zirconia to determine the hydrostatic pressure‐dependent macroscopic elasticity. Here, we report the variation of elasticity of porous and full dense samples over approximately five orders of magnitude (800‐0.02 psi) in absolute pressure. The time evolution of mechanical equilibrium of the porous materials at low pressure and high‐temperature conditions will also be discussed.
Effect of H2 treatment in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Terasaki Yasuhiro , Terasaki Mika , Kanazawa Satoshi , Kokuho Nariaki , Urushiyama Hirokazu , Kajimoto Yusuke , Kunugi Shinobu , Maruyama Motoyo , Akimoto Toshio , Miura Yoko , Igarashi Tsutomu , Ohsawa Ikuroh , Shimizu Akira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), a primary cause of mortality in patients with RA, has limited treatment options. A previously established RA model in D1CC transgenic mice aberrantly expressed major histocompatibility complex class II genes in joints, developing collagen II‐induced polyarthritis and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and interstitial pneumonitis, similar to those in humans. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient antioxidant that permeates cell membranes and alleviates the reactive oxygen species‐induced injury implicated in RA pathogenesis. We used D1CC mice to analyse chronic lung fibrosis development and evaluate H2 treatment effects. We injected D1CC mice with type II collagen and supplied them with H2‐rich or control water until analysis. Increased serum surfactant protein D values and lung densities images were observed 10 months after injection. Inflammation was patchy within the perilymphatic stromal area, with increased 8‐hydroxy‐2ʹ‐deoxyguanosine‐positive cell numbers and tumour necrosis factor‐α, BAX, transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐6 and soluble collagen levels in the lungs. Inflammatory and fibrotic changes developed diffusely within the perilymphatic stromal area, as observed in humans. H2 treatment decreased these effects in the lungs. Thus, this model is valuable for studying the effects of H2 treatment and chronic interstitial pneumonia pathophysiology in humans. H2 appears to protect against RA‐ILD by alleviating oxidative stress.
Breeding for improved resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus): Quantitative genetic parameters
Authors: Vu Nguyen Thanh , Sang Nguyen Van , Trong Trinh Quoc , Duy Nguyen Huynh , Dang Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Nguyen Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacillary necrosis of Pangasius (BNP), caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri, is one of the most devastating diseases in striped catfish farming. To date, quantitative genetic inheritance of BNP resistance is not known in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The main aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for BNP resistance in a breeding population of striped catfish undergoing four generations of selection for high growth. Specifically, the study examined whether BNP resistance is heritable to enable family selection and whether genetic improvement for enhanced BNP resistance may have detrimental effects on growth and survival rate. To test these hypotheses, 720 full‐ and half‐sib families were challenged with E. ictaluri pathogen using injection and cohabitation methods over four years, from 2010 to 2012 and 2015. In total, the data included 398,234 animals in the pedigree, from which 18,849 animals had disease challenge test records and 39,103 siblings had growth performance. Both univariate and bivariate sire–dam linear and threshold mixed models were used to estimate (co)variance components for BNP resistance, survivals and growth traits. The estimates of heritability for the BNP resistance recorded as death or survival were low regardless of models used (0.10–0.16), whereas survival time (days post‐challenge test) showed moderate heritability (0.35). The survival rate during hapa rearing had medium heritability (0.33–0.52). The genetic correlations of BNP resistance with body weight and survival were all positive (0.03–0.53), suggesting that selection of increased BNP resistance may have positive impacts on growth and survival traits, and these traits could be easily improved simultaneously in the selective breeding programme for striped catfish.
Cerebral cysts of ependymal or ventricular origin in a juvenile rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with neurologic signs
Authors: Pecoraro Heidi L. , Haertel Andrew J. , Cullin Cassandra , Prongay Kamm , Lewis Anne D. , Ducore Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNaturally occurring neurologic disease in non‐human primates may be attributable to a wide‐range of causes, including infectious agents, congenital or acquired malformations, degenerative diseases, and, rarely, neoplasia. We report a case of ataxia and paresis in a juvenile rhesus macaque with ependymal‐lined cerebral cysts.
The Rise of Maternal Grandmother Child Care in Urban Chinese Families
Authors: Zhang Cong , Fong Vanessa L. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Way Niobe , Chen Xinyin , Lu Zuhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective: This study explores the transformation of patrilineality in grandparents' child care in China, which was traditionally oriented almost exclusively toward caring for sons' children.Background: Since China's 1949 revolution, grandparent child care has undergone rapid transformation, shifting from strongly patrilateral to bilateral or even matrilateral, as maternal grandmothers have become far more involved in child care than in previous generations.Method: This study investigates the choices of maternal versus paternal grandmother child care in 77 urban families that are drawn from a larger random sample of a mixed‐method longitudinal study in Nanjing, China. Content analysis is used to analyze semistructured interviews with the parents from these families.Results: The interviews reveal that parents are turning away from the traditional Chinese tendency to favor paternal grandparent child care, instead basing child‐care decisions on availability, caregiving qualifications, and the nature of grandmothers' relationship with adult children and their spouses, all of which encourage a greater child‐care role for maternal grandmothers than in previous generations. Further examination of these considerations suggests that the following three sociocultural changes associated with China's modernization processes may have led to the new norms in grandparent child care: reinterpreted intergenerational relationships, women's empowerment in natal families, and a child‐centered care ideology.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the rise of maternal grandmother child care reflects a weakening of patrilineality in intergenerational resource exchange in favor for a utilitarian strategy of maximizing resources available to urban Chinese families as they adapt to China's rapid socioeconomic transformations.
Deoxynivalenol induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Junmei , Jin Yongcheng , Wu Shunlu , Yu Hao , Zhao Yun , Fang Hengtong , Shen Jinglin , Zhou Changhai , Fu Yurong , Li Ruihua , Wang Rui , Wang Junxiong , Zheng Kexin , Fan Qingsong , Chen Bojiong , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced byFusarium graminearum. It is one of the most common feed contaminants that poses a serious threat to the health and performance of dairy cows. This study investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of DON on bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC‐T). DON at different concentrations (0.25, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1 or 2 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of MAC‐T cells after 24 hr of exposure (p < .001). DON at 0.25 μg/ml increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage (p < .05); decreased glutathione (GSH) levels (p < .001), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC;p < .01); and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < .01) in MAC‐T cells after 24 hr of exposure. We also observed that DON increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells incubated for 9, 15 and 24 hr (p < .001). DON at 0.25 μg/ml triggered oxidative damage in MAC‐T cells. Furthermore, it induced an inflammatory response in the cells incubated for 9, 15 and 24 hr (p < .05) by increasing the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, cyclooxygenase‐2 and IL‐8. We further examined the effect of DON on apoptosis. DON prevented normal proliferation of MAC‐T cells by blocked cell cycle progression in 24 hr (p < .001). In addition, the apoptosis rate measured using annexin V‐FITC significantly increased (p < .05) with increase in the mRNA expression level of Bax (p < .01) and increase in the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio (p < .01) in cells incubated for 24 hr. In summary, DON exerts toxic effects in MAC‐T cells by causing oxidative stress, inducing an inflammatory response, affecting cell cycle and leading to apoptosis.
Spatial distribution and interspecific associations in a deciduous broad‐leaved forest in north‐central China
Authors: Zhou Quan , Shi Hang , Shu Xiao , Xie Fenglin , Zhang Kerong , Zhang Quanfa , Dang Haishan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the primary types of intraspecific distribution patterns and interspecific associations of tree species in the temperate–subtropical transition region? Can potential ecological mechanisms such as habitat heterogeneity, dispersal limitation, density dependence, spatial segregation, and competition between species regulate these patterns?LocationThe Qinling Mountains, north‐central China.MethodsRipley's K‐function, D‐function and pair correlation function were applied to assess the spatial distribution of 15 dominant tree species in a fully mapped 25‐ha plot. Complete spatial randomness (CSR), heterogeneous Poisson (HP) and random‐labelling (RL) null models were used to reveal the potential process of community construction.Results(a) Thirteen of 15 adult tree species displayed an aggregation distribution at various scales. (b) Eleven adult species (73.3%) showed significant aggregation, especially at small distances, after removing the effect of habitat. (c) The percentage of species showing additional aggregation relative to adults decreased from saplings to juveniles. The maximum strength of density dependence was negative with species abundance. (d) Only 29 (13.8%) of the species pairs showed significant small‐scale interactions. Most of the significant small‐scale associations did not occur in abundant species pairs. (e) Negative interactions of interspecific associations were more prevalent than positive ones, yet there was no consistency of the characteristics among species pairs.ConclusionsHabitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation likely contribute to the spatial pattern of tree species at different life stages. Density dependence remains the important factor in maintaining species diversity in this forest stand. Moreover, spatial segregation generates the interspecific spatial patterns of segregation and partial overlap. Unexpectedly, the species herd protection hypothesis and the low‐frequency hypothesis cannot well explain the mechanism of interspecific interaction at small distances. Resource competition might be responsible for negative associations being more frequent among species pairs.
The co‐occurrence of loose skin and underwater calling in frogs—further evidence from Amolops ricketti and its implications
Authors: Zheng Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderwater vocalizations of frogs are usually inaudible to the human ear and have been poorly documented. Some authors believe that they are more common than currently recognized, yet there have been no new records at the genus level for nearly 30 years. I report on the recordings of underwater calling by the ranid species Amolops ricketti (Boulenger, 1899) from a mountain stream in southern China. Males emitted 2.2–3.5 calls per minute under submerged rocks, which were inaudible to the human ear. Most of the recorded calls lasted 0.73–2.09 s and contained a weak initial note with fewer pulses (1–5) and one to three subsequent notes (3–13 pulses each) repeated at a rate of 0.82–1.99 notes·s−1, with an internote interval lasting 0.36–1.19 s. The dominant frequency of calls ranged from 2.1 to 3.0 kHz, and the notes exhibited increasing intensity and slight upward frequency modulation. Comparisons between individuals of different sexes and breeding stages reveal that the loose skin of the flanks and thighs is a male nuptial trait in A. ricketti. The finding extends the phylogenetic distribution of underwater vocalization to a distinct lineage and constitutes another instance of loose‐skin frogs calling underwater, which can also been identified in Pelobates (Pelobatidae), Leptobrachium (Megophryidae), Telmatobius (Telmatobiidae), Rana italica and Rana sakuraii (Ranidae). These independent cases may allow the proposal of an evolutionary correlation of the two traits in anurans, as a large surface/volume ratio facilitates high levels of cutaneous respiration required for the effective performance of underwater calling. An awareness of this possibility may aid in increasing our understanding of the natural history of anurans.
Effect of smoke exposure on young adults' sleep quality
Authors: Veronda Allison C. , Irish Leah A. , Delahanty Douglas L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure on sleep‐quality complaints. In total, 1023 young adult participants completed online surveys. Based on these surveys, participants were classified into three groups according to their level of smoke exposure (low, moderate, high). An analysis of covariance revealed that, after controlling for sex, participants with high and moderate smoke exposure reported more sleep complaints than those with low exposure. Among non‐smokers, hierarchical linear regression indicated that environmental tobacco smoke exposure was positively associated with sleep complaints. Improved understanding of modifiable risk factors for young adults' poor sleep quality, such as smoke exposure, could enable lifestyle changes that might lay the foundation for improved health at later life stages.
Element content and expression of genes of interest in guard cells are connected to spatiotemporal variations in stomatal conductance
Authors: Durand Maxime , Cohen David , Aubry Nathalie , Buré Cyril , Tomášková Ivana , Hummel Irène , Brendel Oliver , Le Thiec Didier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElement content and expression of genes of interest on single cell types, such as stomata, provide valuable insights into their specific physiology, improving our understanding of leaf gas exchange regulation. We investigated how far differences in stomatal conductance (gs) can be ascribed to changes in guard cells functioning in amphistomateous leaves. gs was measured during the day on both leaf sides, on well‐watered and drought‐stressed trees (two Populus euramericana Moench and two Populus nigra L. genotypes). In parallel, guard cells were dissected for element content and gene expressions analyses. Both were strongly arranged according to genotype, and drought had the lowest impact overall. Normalizing the data by genotype highlighted a structure on the basis of leaf sides and time of day both for element content and gene expression. Guard cells magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine were the most abundant on the abaxial side in the morning, where gs was at the highest. In contrast, genes encoding H+‐ATPase and aquaporins were usually more abundant in the afternoon, whereas genes encoding Ca2+‐vacuolar antiporters, K+ channels, and ABA‐related genes were in general more abundant on the adaxial side. Our work highlights the unique physiology of each leaf side and their analogous rhythmicity through the day.
Tufted angioma with associated Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon caused by somatic mutation in GNA14
Authors: Lim Young H. , Fraile Carmen , Antaya Richard J. , Choate Keith A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTufted angioma (TA) is a rare vascular tumor characterized by histologic tufts of proliferating capillaries that occurs in infancy or early childhood, with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Though benign, TA can be associated with the Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP), a life‐threatening consumptive coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia. Here, we explored the genetic mechanism underlying a case of TA associated with KMP via targeted sequencing of laser capture micro‐dissected lesion and blood DNA, and identified a somatic, activating GNA14 mutation specific to the tumor. Our findings support aberrant GNA14 activation underlies the pathogenesis of TA associated with KMP.
Cancer Cell‐targeted and Activatable Photoimmunotherapy Spares T Cells in a 3D Coculture Model
Authors: Kercher Eric M. , Nath Shubhankar , Rizvi Imran , Spring Bryan Q. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established therapeutic modality that uses nonionizing near‐infrared light to activate photocytotoxicity of endogenous or exogenous photosensitizers (PSs). An ongoing avenue of cancer research involves leveraging PDT to stimulate antitumor immune responses; however, these effects appear to be best elicited in low‐dose regimens that do not provide significant tumor reduction using conventional, nonspecific PSs. The loss of immune enhancement at higher PDT doses may arise in part from indiscriminate damage to local immune cell populations, including tumor‐infiltrating T cells. We previously introduced “tumor‐targeted, activatable photoimmunotherapy” (taPIT) using molecular‐targeted and cell‐activatable antibody–PS conjugates to realize precision tumor photodamage with microscale fidelity. Here, we investigate the immune cell sparing effect provided by taPIT in a 3D model of the tumor immune microenvironment. We report that high‐dose taPIT spares 25% of the local immune cell population, five times more than the conventional PDT regimen, in a 3D coculture model incorporating epithelial ovarian cancer cells and T cells. These findings suggest that the enhanced selectivity of taPIT may be utilized to achieve local tumor reduction with sparing of intratumor effector immune cells that would otherwise be lost if treated with conventional PDT.
Do international flights promote FDI? The role of face‐to‐face communication
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoyasu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInternational passenger flights facilitate business travel for in‐person meetings abroad. However, the significance of face‐to‐face communication (FFC) is not clear. To identify the FFC channel, this paper examines whether flights promote FDI more strongly for multinational firms that face relatively intensive FFC in foreign production. Expatriate employees are used as a proxy for the FFC intensity. Using firm‐level data on Japanese multinational firms for the period 1989 to 2006, I show that more frequent flights increase new FDI entry, with the larger positive effects for multinationals in high FFC sectors. The results support the FFC channel to connect flights and FDI.
The effects of local irradiation on circulating lymphocytes in dogs receiving fractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Kent Michael S. , Emami Shaheen , Rebhun Rob , Theon Alain , Hansen Katherine , Sparger Ellen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLocalized radiation therapy can be an effective treatment for cancer but is associated with localized and systemic side effects. Several studies have noted changes in complete blood count (CBC) parameters including decreases in the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and increases in the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR). These changes could reflect immunosuppression and may contribute to decreased efficacy of immunotherapies used to treat cancer. We hypothesized that dogs would demonstrate decreased ALCs during a course of radiotherapy. A retrospective study was conducted on 203 dogs receiving definitive‐intent radiotherapy. Demographic information, CBC values and details of the radiotherapy protocol were collected. The mean lymphocyte count pre‐treatment was 1630.68 cells/μL (SD ± 667.56) with a mean NLR of 3.66 (SD ± 4.53). The mean lymphocyte count mid‐treatment was 1251.07 cells/μL (SD ± 585.96) and the mean NLR was 6.23 (SD ± 4.99). There was a significant decrease in the mean lymphocyte count by 351.41 lymphocytes/μL (SD ± 592.32) between pre‐treatment and mid‐treatment (P < .0001), and a corresponding significant increase in the mean NLR of 0.93 (P= .02). Lymphopenia grade increased in 33.5% of dogs and was significant (P= .03). The ALC decrease was not correlated with the volume irradiated (P= .27), but correlated with the irradiated volume:body weight ratio (P= .03). A subset of patients (n = 35) with additional CBCs available beyond the mid‐treatment time point demonstrated significant and sustained downward trends in the ALC compared with baseline. Although severe lymphopenia was rare, these decreases, especially if sustained, could impact adjuvant therapy for their cancer.