bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of positive surgical margins on secondary treatment, palliative radiotherapy and prostate cancer‐specific mortality. A population‐based study of 13 198 patients
Authors: Kvåle Rune , Myklebust Tor Å. , Fosså Sophie D. , Aas Kirsti , Ekanger Christian , Helle Svein I. , Honoré Alfred , Møller Bjørn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe results of studies evaluating the impact of positive surgical margins on prostate cancer‐specific mortality have been inconsistent. We, therefore, evaluated the impact of surgical margin status on subsequent secondary treatment, palliative radiotherapy, and prostate cancer‐specific mortality.MethodsA total of 14 837 men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) during the period 2001 to 2015 were identified from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Of those, 13 198 (89%) patients had complete data on the preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, pathological T‐category, Gleason score in the prostatectomy specimen, and margin status. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk, and flexible parametric models for the cumulative incidence were fitted to predict the probabilities of secondary treatment (salvage radiotherapy or prophylactic breast radiation), palliative radiotherapy, and prostate cancer‐specific mortality.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up time of 5.2 years (3591 patients with ≥8 years of follow‐up), positive surgical margins (PSMs) were independently predictive of secondary treatment (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.21‐2.66) and palliative radiotherapy (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03‐2.05). After 10 years, the absolute increased risk for palliative radiotherapy in patients with PSMs after RP varied between 0.1% in pT2 tumors with a Gleason score of 6, to 12% for pT3b tumors with a Gleason score of 9 to 10. PSMs were not independently associated with prostate cancer‐specific mortality (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.82‐1.59).ConclusionPSMs were associated with increased application of secondary treatment and palliative radiotherapy but were not predictive of prostate cancer‐specific mortality. As the use of palliative radiotherapy was only marginally increased in patients with PSMs and the lowest‐risk disease characteristics, avoiding PSMs may be of greatest prognostic relevance in patients with higher‐risk disease characteristics.
TRPV1 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis
Authors: Roman Kenny , Hall Christel , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Thumbikat Praveen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a disorder that is characterized by persistent pelvic pain in men of any age. Although several studies suggest that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is involved in various pathways of chronic pain, the TRPV1 channel has not been implicated in chronic pelvic pain associated with CP/CPPS.MethodsMale C57BL/6J (B6) and TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1 KO) mice (5‐7 weeks old) were used to study the development of pelvic allodynia in a murine model of CP/CPPS called experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). The prostate lobes, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord were excised at day 20. The prostate lobes were assessed for inflammation, TRPV1 expression, and mast cell activity. DRG and spinal cord, between the L6‐S4 regions, were analyzed to determine the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p‐ERK 1/2). To examine the therapeutic potential of TRPV1, B6 mice with EAP received intraurethral infusion of a TRPV1 antagonist at day 20 (repeated every 2 days) and pelvic pain was evaluated at days 20, 25, 30, and 35.ResultsOur data showed that B6 mice with EAP developed pelvic tactile allodynia at days 7, 14, and 20. In contrast, TRPV1 KO mice with EAP do not develop pelvic tactile allodynia at any time point. Although we observed no change in the levels of TRPV1 protein expression in the prostate from B6 mice with EAP, there was evidence of significant inflammation and elevated mast cell activation. Interestingly, the prostate from TRPV1 KO mice with EAP showed a lack of mast cell activation despite evidence of prostate inflammation. Next, we observed a significant increase of p‐ERK1/2 in the DRG and spinal cord from B6 mice with EAP; however, p‐ERK1/2 expression was unaltered in TRPV1 KO mice with EAP. Finally, we confirmed that intraurethral administration of a TRPV1 antagonist peptide reduced pelvic tactile allodynia in B6 mice with EAP after day 20.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that in a murine model of CP/CPPS, the TRPV1 channel is key to persistent pelvic tactile allodynia and blocking TRPV1 in the prostate may be a promising strategy to quell chronic pelvic pain.
A framework for high‐resolution meteorological surface reanalysis through offline data assimilation in an ensemble of downscaled reconstructions
Authors: Devers Alexandre , Vidal Jean‐Philippe , Lauvernet Claire , Graff Benjamin , Vannier Olivier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe knowledge of historical French weather has recently been improved through the development of the Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extended (SCOPE) climate reconstructions. This high‐resolution ensemble daily reconstruction dataset of precipitation and temperature covers the period 1871–2012 and is derived through a statistical downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis. Historical surface observations – even though rather scarce and sparse – do exist from at least the beginning of the period considered, and this information does not currently feed SCOPE Climate. We propose to construct a new high‐resolution surface reanalysis over France – called FYRE Climate (French hYdrometeorological REanalysis Climate) – by assimilating daily temperature and precipitation observations into SCOPE Climate through an offline Ensemble Kalman Filter. The goal of the study is to test methodological choices for developing the future FYRE Climate surface reanalysis. The data assimilation scheme is evaluated over the 2009–2012 period with an increasing assimilated observation density reproducing historical densities. A consistent set of independent stations is retained for validation in terms of continuous ranked probability score, daily bias and daily correlation. Results highlight the importance of the localization as well as the Gaussian anamorphosis for precipitation. They show that: (a) the reanalysis has a lower uncertainty than the initial SCOPE Climate reconstructions, (b) its reliability is similar, and (c) the data assimilation allows reaching the performance of the reference Safran surface reanalysis over France, even for a density of observations as low as the one of 1950. These results thus pave the way for a full 140‐year high‐resolution precipitation and temperature surface reanalysis over France.
Functional equivalence of stem cell and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle transplantation to repair the irradiated brain
Authors: Smith Sarah M. , Giedzinski Erich , Angulo Maria C. , Lui Tiffany , Lu Celine , Park Audrey L. , Tang Sharon , Martirosian Vahan , Ru Ning , Chmielewski Nicole N. , Liang Yaxuan , Baulch Janet E. , Acharya Munjal M. , Limoli Charles L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cranial radiotherapy, although beneficial for the treatment of brain tumors, inevitably leads to normal tissue damage that can induce unintended neurocognitive complications that are progressive and debilitating. Ionizing radiation exposure has also been shown to compromise the structural integrity of mature neurons throughout the brain, an effect believed to be at least in part responsible for the deterioration of cognitive health. Past work has shown that cranially transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) or their extracellular vesicles (EVs) afforded long-term beneficial effects on many of these cognitive decrements. To provide additional insight into the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of cell-based regenerative strategies, we have analyzed hippocampal neurons for changes in structural integrity and synaptic remodeling after unilateral and bilateral transplantation of hNSCs or EVs derived from those same cells. Interestingly, hNSCs and EVs similarly afforded protection to host neurons, ameliorating the impact of irradiation on dendritic complexity and spine density for neurons present in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi 1 month following irradiation and transplantation. These morphometric improvements were accompanied by increased levels of glial cell-derived growth factor and significant attenuation of radiation-induced increases in postsynaptic density protein 95 and activated microglia were found ipsi- and contra-lateral to the transplantation sites of the irradiated hippocampus treated with hNSCs or hNSC-derived EVs. These findings document potent far-reaching neuroprotective effects mediated by grafted stem cells or EVs adjacent and distal to the site of transplantation and support their potential as therapeutic agents to counteract the adverse effects of cranial irradiation.

Significance statement Cranial radiation therapy for the treatment of brain cancers often leads to adverse impacts on cognitive function. This is particularly problematic for childhood cancer survivors who live long post-therapy lives. The past regenerative medicine approaches using human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have shown beneficial neurocognitive effects in the irradiated brain. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective impact of hNSCs and hNSC-derived extracellular vesicles in the irradiated brain, as demonstrated by preservation of host neuronal morphology, reductions in inflammation, and restoration of neurotrophic factors.
Pd Nanoparticle Fabricated Tetrahydroharman‐3‐carboxylic Acid Analog Immobilized CoFe2O4 Catalyzed Fast and Expedient C–C Cross and C–S Coupling
Authors: Tamoradi Taibeh , Veisi Hojat , Karmakar Bikash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel Pd nanoparticles anchored tryptophan analog ligand immobilized magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocomposite material has been synthesized by post‐functionalization approach. The material has been thoroughly characterized using several advanced analytical techniques. Thereafter, the catalytic application was carried out in the C−C bond formation reactions via Suzuki and Stille cross coupling. Biphenyl derivatives were prepared in both the reactions with high efficiency and short reaction time. The exploration was further continued in the synthesis of aromatic thioethers by C−S coupling using molecular sulfur and haloarenes. The clean ligand‐free protocol, devoid of hazardous chemicals, excellent yields in short reaction time and the reusability of catalyst for several times are the key factors in the methodology.
Template‐Free Cu Electrodeposition to Prepare Cu–Micro‐Brush Electrodes for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Gu Yueyuan , Li Jindong , Wang Luyang , Xie Mengru , Wu Xu , Xie Fang , Ryan Mary P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCopper foams deposited under various conditions are characterized in an airtight three‐electrode H‐cell system. Compared with the smooth copper electrode, the current density obtained on the porous copper electrodes is significantly improved. Using porous copper obtained from 0.2 M CuSO4 and 1.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte with 3 Acm−2 for 30s, the CO2 reduction current density is 27 mAcm−2 at a potential of −0.97 V vs RHE in 0.5 M KHCO3 electrolyte (with CO2 supplied at the flow rate of 15 sccm), tripling that of the smooth copper electrode (8 mAcm−2). The average pore size of the porous copper can be reduced by adding Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in a small amount. Besides, the preferred orientation of crystal faces changed, which may influence the selectivity of the carbon dioxide reduction product. In the flow‐cell test, at constant current 10 mAcm−2, the CO production rate of porous copper with CTAB additive reached 11.91μmolh−1cm−2 and maintained a value more than 8.95 μmolh−1cm−2 during one‐hour electrolysis, which is much higher than smooth copper, 1.38 μmolh−1cm−2.
Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube Structures for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Luo Yufeng , Wang Ke , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Wang Jiaping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are regarded as one of the most promising materials to manufacture high‐performance lithium batteries. This prospect is closely related to the construction of macroscopic architectures of CNTs. The superaligned CNT (SACNT) array is a unique kind of vertically aligned CNT array. Its highly oriented feature and strong intertube force facilitate the fabrication of macroscopic SACNT structures with various forms, including unidirectional films, buckypapers, and aerogels, etc. The as‐produced SACNT macroscopic architectures are successfully introduced into lithium batteries due to their outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, an overview of the functions of macroscopic SACNTs in lithium batteries is proposed, including their applications in composite electrodes, current collectors, interlayers, and flexible full cells.
Amplification and Adaptation in the Ethylene Signaling Pathway
Authors: Azhar Beenish J. , Zulfiqar Alveena , Shakeel Samina N. , Schaller G. Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlants are exquisitely sensitive to the ethylene signal and also respond to a much wider range of ethylene concentrations than would seem possible based on the simple circuitry of its primary signal transduction pathway, suggesting the existence of mechanisms for amplification and adaptation to ethylene signals. Here, such regulatory systems are considered within the context of what is known about the plant ethylene signaling pathway as well as signaling by the animal G‐protein coupled receptors, and the bacterial methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins. Magnitude amplification and sensitivity amplification mechanisms are considered as strategies for amplification of the ethylene signal. Several families of negative feedback regulators that desensitize plants to ethylene and thereby facilitate the ethylene adaptation response of plants are described. These negative feedback regulators include the ethylene receptors themselves, the RTE1/GR family, and the ARGOS family, all of which function at the level of the ethylene receptors to desensitize plants to ethylene. These negative regulators also include the EBF family of F‐box proteins, which target the EIN3/EIL family of transcription factors for degradation. Ethylene signal amplification and adaptation employ both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation.
Efficient interest‐aware data dissemination in mobile opportunistic networks
Authors: Yu Sui , Zhang Lichen , Li Peng , Li Lixia , Yan Bin , Cai Zhipeng 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn mobile opportunistic networks, the high mobility of humans and the resource limitation of smart mobile devices pose a great challenge to the design of efficient data dissemination, in which data packets generated from publishers need to be delivered to the subscribers via opportunistic encounters. The current data dissemination schemes generally concentrate on the similarity among nodes while ignoring the similarity between nodes and data packets, which leads to that data packets move back and forth among the nodes with similar social features instead of reaching to the subscribers efficiently. In this paper, an efficient interest‐aware data dissemination approach is proposed in mobile opportunistic networks, in which the similarity between nodes and data packets is used to determine whether a node is a potential destination. Moreover, both the social feature and the residual energy are considered to choose an appropriate relay node, and then determine the number of packet's replicas. The simulation results show that efficient interest‐aware data dissemination provides high efficiency and less transmission overheads compared with the traditional approaches.
Automatic determination of the coarse aggregate distribution in concrete based on the statistical characteristics of ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhao Weigang , Li Rongzhe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe coarse aggregate distribution is an important factor that affects the mechanical properties of concrete. To detect the aggregate distribution in concrete, an automatic statistical method based on ground penetration radar (GPR) is proposed. First, a concrete segregation model was built to describe the coarse aggregate distribution, and the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic (EM) wave in the coarse aggregate were analyzed. Then, the relationship between the echo of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the distribution of coarse aggregate was revealed. A rising‐stable‐decaying three‐stage model of the GPR echo is proposed. In addition, the statistical characteristic of the stable stage is advocated as the evaluation index for concrete segregation. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method for the detection of the coarse aggregate distribution was verified using a forward simulation and field experiment, and a reasonable number of sample traces were used for statistical analysis. The result indicated that this method could automatically detect the coarse aggregate distribution, and it is suitable for the detection of the aggregate distribution in plain concrete.
Time and exposure to serotonin affect releasability of recycled vesicles at crayfish claw opener muscle synapses
Authors: Bilkey Jessica , Nahirney Patrick C. , Delaney Kerry R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe crayfish claw opener neuromuscular junction is a biological model for studying presynaptic neuromodulation by serotonin (5HT) and synaptic vesicle recycling. It has been hypothesized that 5HT enhances release by recruiting a population of either previously nonrecycling or “reluctant” vesicles to increase the readily releasable pool. To determine if 5HT activates a distinct population of synaptic vesicles, recycling membranes were labeled with the membrane dye, FM1‐43. Unloading (destaining) protocols could not resolve a population of vesicles that were only releasable in the presence of 5HT. Instead, we conclude synaptic vesicles change behavior in axon terminals independent of 5HT, becoming less likely to exocytose and unload dye over periods of >1 hr after recycling. We hypothesized this to be due to the slow conversion of a portion of recycled vesicles to a difficult to release state. The possibility that vesicles in these pools were spatially separated within the terminal was tested using photoconversion of FM1‐43 and transmission electron microscopy. The location of FM1‐43‐labeled vesicles fixed 2 min following 3 min of 20‐Hz stimulation did not reveal preferential localization of recycling vesicles specifically near release sites and the distribution of labeled vesicles was not significantly different between early (2 min) and late (180 min) time points. Terminals fixed 30 s following stimulation contained a significant proportion of vesicular structures equivalent in diameter to 2–5 regular vesicles, with multivesicular bodies and calveoli rarely seen, suggesting that endocytosis during sustained release at crayfish terminals occurs via multiple routes, most commonly through large “vesicle” intermediates.
Ginseng aqueous extract ameliorates lambda‐cyhalothrin‐acetamiprid insecticide mixture for hepatorenal toxicity in rats: Role of oxidative stress‐mediated proinflammatory and proapoptotic protein expressions
Authors: El‐Bialy Badr E. S. , Abd Eldaim Mabrouk A. , Hassan Azza , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the protective effects of Panax ginseng aqueous extract (GAE) against hepatorenal toxicity induced by lambda‐cyhalothrin‐acetamiprid insecticide mixture in rats. A total of 32 male albino rats were assigned into four groups. Normal control group received distilled water. Insecticide control group intoxicated with the insecticide at a dose of 2.14 mg/kg b.wt orally day after day for 45 days. GAE control group was treated with GAE at a dose 200 mg/kg b.wt orally. GAE experimental group was administered GAE 1 hour before insecticide administration. Intoxication of rats with the insecticide caused a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and urea and creatinine levels as well as malondialdehyde concentration and proteins expression of caspase‐3 and induced nitric oxide synthase in hepatic and renal tissues. However, it decreased the serum levels of total protein and globulin and reduced the glutathione content and catalase activity in hepatic and renal tissues. In addition, insecticide induced histopathological alterations in both hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, GAE modulated insecticide‐induced alterations in liver and kidney functions and structures as it ameliorated the effects of insecticide on the above mentioned parameters. These results indicated that GAE was a potent antioxidant agent that could protect rats against insecticide‐induced hepatorenal toxicity.
Insight into the efficiency of oxygen introduced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and deep PDT against cancers with various assembled nanocarriers
Authors: Zhao Jie , Duan Li , Wang Anhe , Fei Jinbo , Li Junbai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in the treatment of cancers and other benign diseases for several years in clinic. However, the hypoxia of tumors and the penetration limitation of excitation light to tissues can dramatically reduce the efficacy of PDT to cancers. To overcome these drawbacks, various assembled nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanocrystals, and so on were introduced. The assembled nanocarriers have the ability of loading photosensitizers, delivering O2 into tumors, generating O2 in situ in tumors, as well as turning near‐infrared (NIR) light, X‐rays, and chemical energy into ultraviolet or visible light. Therefore, it is easy for the nanocarriers to improve the hypoxia microenvironment or increase the treatment depth of cancers, which will improve the efficiency of PDT to some degree. In recent years, a number of investigations were focused on these subjects. We will summarize the advances of nanocarriers in PDT, especially in O2 introduction PDT and deep PDT. The perspectives, challenges, and potential in translation of PDT will also be discussed.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Live Imaging of the Skin Immune Responses
Authors: Chow Zachary , Egawa Gyohei , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a barrier to the harsh environment, the skin is a key organ that protects the body from external pathogens. This protection is conferred by a diverse range of immune cells that work in concert to mount an immune response against invading pathogens. Over the last two decades, advancements in microscopic imaging systems have enabled intravital imaging to document the dynamic behavior of immune cells in cutaneous immune responses. This has provided insight into the roles that these immune cells play in the response, and this knowledge can be used in developing therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we will review a variety of skin immune responses and their corresponding immune cell types that have been studied via the live imaging of mouse skin. In addition, we will cover the different tools that are utilized for the live imaging of skin immune responses.