bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Information from Multiple Data Sources to Assess Population Health
Authors: Raghunathan Trivellore , Ghosh Kaushik , Rosen Allison , Imbriano Paul , Stewart Susan , Bondarenko Irina , Messer Kassandra , Berglund Patricia , Shaffer James , Cutler David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Information about an extensive set of health conditions on a well-defined sample of subjects is essential for assessing population health, gauging the impact of various policies, modeling costs, and studying health disparities. Unfortunately, there is no single data source that provides accurate information about health conditions. We combine information from several administrative and survey data sets to obtain model-based dummy variables for 107 health conditions (diseases, preventive measures, and screening for diseases) for elderly (age 65 and older) subjects in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) over the fourteen-year period, 1999–2012. The MCBS has prevalence of diseases assessed based on Medicare claims and provides detailed information on all health conditions but is prone to underestimation bias. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), on the other hand, collects self-reports and physical/laboratory measures only for a subset of the 107 health conditions. Neither source provides complete information, but we use them together to derive model-based corrected dummy variables in MCBS for the full range of existing health conditions using a missing data and measurement error model framework. We create multiply imputed dummy variables and use them to construct the prevalence rate and trend estimates. The broader goal, however, is to use these corrected or modeled dummy variables for a multitude of policy analysis, cost modeling, and analysis of other relationships either using them as predictors or as outcome variables.
Epidemiology and Financial Burden of Musculoskeletal Injuries as the Leading Health Problem in the Military
Authors: Dijksma Captain Iris , Bekkers Marga , Spek Bea , Lucas Cees , Stuiver Martijn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMusculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) have direct impact on occupational readiness and task performance in military populations. Until this date, no epidemiologic data have been published concerning MSI incidence in the Netherlands Armed Forces (NAF). The aim of this study was to assess the MSI incidence and related costs in the NAF.MethodsIn this descriptive epidemiologic study, we collected injury surveillance data from the electronic patient records of multiple military units of the NAF. Using data of all new consultations with a military physician from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016, we calculated MSI incidence rates per 100 person-years, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Physician care costs were determined based on the number of physician consults and the charge per appointment. We used two methods to determine productivity costs; the top-down microcosting method and the friction cost method.ResultsOur study sample included 22% (n = 8,847) of the total NAF population of 2016 (n =40,178). In this sample, consultations of MSIs accounted for 23.2% (n = 7,815) of all new consultations (n = 33,666). MSI incidence rates per unit ranged from 12.5 to53.3 per 100 person-years. In the total sample, MSI incidence rates were highest in the back (6.73, 95% CI 6.39–7.10), knee (5.04, 95% CI 4.74–5.35), and foot (4.79, 95% CI 4.50–5.10). The estimated costs for physician visits for MSIs in our sample were €0.69 million. Limited duty days accounted for €1.10 million productivity costs using top-down microcosting method.ConclusionOur study provided evidence that MSIs result in substantial financial burden. Injuries of the back, knee, and foot account for the majority of demands on curative care for MSIs.
Semi-Automated Neurofeedback Therapy for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in a Military Clinical Setting: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hershaw Jamie N , Hill-Pearson Candace A , Arango Jorge I , Souvignier Alicia R , Pazdan Renee M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Neurofeedback therapy (NFT) has demonstrated effectiveness for reducing persistent symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, its reliance on NFT experts for administration and high number of treatment sessions limits its use in military medicine. Here, we assess the feasibility of live Z-score training (LZT)—a variant of NFT that requires fewer treatment sessions and can be administered by nonexperts—for use in a military clinical setting.

Materials and Methods
A single group design feasibility study was conducted to assess acceptability, tolerance, treatment satisfaction, and change in symptoms after a 6-week LZT intervention in 38 Service Members (SMs) with persistent symptoms comorbid with or secondary to mild TBI. Acceptance and feasibility were assessed using treatment completion and patients’ satisfaction with treatment. To evaluate changes in symptom status, a battery of self-report questionnaires was administered at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up to evaluate changes in psychological, neurobehavioral, sleep, pain, and headache symptoms, as well as self-efficacy in symptom management and life satisfaction.

Results
Participants tolerated the treatment well and reported a positive experience. Symptom improvement was observed, including depressive, neurobehavioral, and pain-related symptoms, with effects sustained at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion
LZT treatment appears to be a feasible, non-pharmacological therapy amenable to SMs. Results from this pilot study promote further investigation of LZT as an intervention for SMs with persistent symptoms following TBI.
The Influence of Self-Reported Tobacco Use on Baseline Concussion Assessments
Authors: Roach Sean P , Houston Megan N , Peck Karen Y , Svoboda Steven J , Kelly Tim F , Malvasi Steven R , McGinty Gerald T , Campbell Darren E , Cameron Kenneth L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionBaseline symptom, balance, and neurocognitive scores have become an integral piece of the concussion management process. Factors such as sleep, learning disorders, fitness level, and sex have been linked to differences in performance on baseline assessments; however, it is unclear how tobacco use may affect these scores. The objective of this study was to compare baseline concussion assessment scores between service academy cadets who use and do not use tobacco.MethodsCadets completed a standard battery of concussion baseline assessments per standard of care and were classified into two groups: tobacco users (n = 1,232) and nonusers (n = 5,922). Dependent variables included scores on the Balance Error Scoring System, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Brief Symptom Inventory-18, and Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS). Separate Mann–Whitney U-tests were used to compare all baseline assessment scores between groups with an adjusted P-value &lt; 0.004.ResultsCadets that used tobacco performed significantly worse on the impulse control (P &lt; 0.001) section of the ImPACT, reported greater ImPACT symptom severity scores (P &lt; 0.001), and were more likely to take risks as measured by the BSSS (P &lt; 0.001). No differences were detected for Balance Error Scoring System, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Brief Symptom Inventory-18, and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3 symptom scores, verbal memory, visual memory, visual-motor speed, or reaction time on the ImPACT (P &gt; 0.004).ConclusionsTobacco users performed significantly worse than tobacco nonusers on the impulse control section of the ImPACT, reported greater symptom severity scores on the ImPACT, and were more likely to take risks as measured by the BSSS. Despite statistical significance, these results should be interpreted with caution, as the overall effect sizes were very small. Future research should examine the influence of tobacco use on recovery post-concussion.
Controlling and leveraging small-scale information in tomographic galaxy–galaxy lensing
Authors: MacCrann Niall , Blazek Jonathan , Jain Bhuvnesh , Krause Elisabeth 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The tangential shear signal receives contributions from physical scales in the galaxy–matter correlation function well below the transverse scale at which it is measured. Since small scales are difficult to model, this non-locality has generally required stringent scale cuts or new statistics for cosmological analyses. Using the fact that uncertainty in these contributions corresponds to an uncertainty in the enclosed projected mass around the lens, we provide an analytic marginalization scheme to account for this. Our approach enables the inclusion of measurements on smaller scales without requiring numerical sampling over extra free parameters. We extend the analytic marginalization formalism to retain cosmographic (shear-ratio) information from small-scale measurements that would otherwise be removed due to modelling uncertainties, again without requiring the addition of extra sampling parameters. We test the methodology using simulated likelihood analysis of a Dark Energy Survey Year 5-like galaxy–galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering datavector. We demonstrate that we can remove parameter biases due to the presence of an unmodelled one-halo contamination of the galaxy–galaxy lensing signal, and use the shear-ratio information on small scales to improve cosmological parameter constraints.
H α morphologies of star clusters: a LEGUS study of H ii region evolution time-scales and stochasticity in low-mass clusters
Authors: Hannon Stephen , Lee Janice C , Whitmore B C , Chandar R , Adamo A , Mobasher B , Aloisi A , Calzetti D , Cignoni M , Cook D O , Dale D , Deger S , Della Bruna L , Elmegreen D M , Gouliermis D A , Grasha K , Grebel E K , Herrero A , Hunter D A , Johnson K E , Kennicutt R , Kim H , Sacchi E , Smith L , Thilker D , Turner J , Walterbos R A M , Wofford A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The morphology of H ii regions around young star clusters provides insight into the time-scales and physical processes that clear a cluster’s natal gas. We study ∼700 young clusters (≤10 Myr) in three nearby spiral galaxies (NGC 7793, NGC 4395, and NGC 1313) using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging from LEGUS (Legacy ExtraGalactic Ultraviolet Survey). Clusters are classified by their H α morphology (concentrated, partially exposed, no-emission) and whether they have neighbouring clusters (which could affect the clearing time-scales). Through visual inspection of the HST images, and analysis of ages, reddenings, and stellar masses from spectral energy distributions fitting, together with the (U− B), (V − I) colours, we find (1) the median ages indicate a progression from concentrated (∼3 Myr), to partially exposed (∼4 Myr), to no H α emission (&gt;5 Myr), consistent with the expected temporal evolution of H ii regions and previous results. However, (2) similarities in the age distributions for clusters with concentrated and partially exposed H α morphologies imply a short time-scale for gas clearing (≲1 Myr). Also, (3) our cluster sample’s median mass is ∼1000 M⊙, and a significant fraction ($\sim 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) contain one or more bright red sources (presumably supergiants), which can mimic reddening effects. Finally, (4) the median E(B − V) values for clusters with concentrated H α and those without H α emission appear to be more similar than expected (∼0.18 versus ∼0.14, respectively), but when accounting for stochastic effects, clusters without H α emission are less reddened. To mitigate stochastic effects, we experiment with synthesizing more massive clusters by stacking fluxes of clusters within each H α morphological class. Composite isolated clusters also reveal a colour and age progression for H α morphological classes, consistent with analysis of the individual clusters.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) – III. Galactic wind properties using background quasars
Authors: Schroetter Ilane , Bouché Nicolas F , Zabl Johannes , Contini Thierry , Wendt Martin , Schaye Joop , Mitchell Peter , Muzahid Sowgat , Marino Raffaella A , Bacon Roland , Lilly Simon J , Richard Johan , Wisotzki Lutz 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present results from our on-going MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey, which consists of 22 quasar lines of sight, each observed with the integral field unit MUSE and the UVES spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescopes (VLT). The goals of this survey are to study the properties of the circumgalactic medium around z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies. The absorption-line selected survey consists of 79 strong Mg ii absorbers (with rest-frame equivalent width ≳0.3 Å) and, currently, 86 associated galaxies within 100 projected kpc of the quasar with stellar masses (M⋆) from 109 to 1011 M⊙. We find that the cool halo gas traced by Mg ii is not isotropically distributed around these galaxies from the strong bi-modal distribution in the azimuthal angle of the apparent location of the quasar with respect to the galaxy major axis. This supports a scenario in which outflows are bi-conical in nature and co-exist with a co-planar gaseous structure extending at least up to 60–80 kpc. Assuming that absorbers near the minor axis probe outflows, the current MEGAFLOW sample allowed us to select 26 galaxy–quasar pairs suitable for studying winds. From this sample, using a simple geometrical model, we find that the outflow velocity only exceeds the escape velocity when M⋆ ≲ 4 × 109 M⊙, implying the cool material is likely to fall back except in the smallest haloes. Finally, we find that the mass loading factor η, the ratio between the ejected mass rate and the star formation rate, appears to be roughly constant with respect to the galaxy mass.
Evolution of atmospheric escape in close-in giant planets and their associated Ly α and H α transit predictions
Authors: Allan A , Vidotto A A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Strong atmospheric escape has been detected in several close-in exoplanets. As these planets consist mostly of hydrogen, observations in hydrogen lines, such as Ly α and H α, are powerful diagnostics of escape. Here, we simulate the evolution of atmospheric escape of close-in giant planets and calculate their associated Ly α and H α transits. We use a 1D hydrodynamic escape model to compute physical properties of the atmosphere and a ray tracing technique to simulate spectroscopic transits. We consider giant (0.3 and 1 Mjup) planets orbiting a solar-like star at 0.045 au, evolving from 10 to 5000 Myr. We find that younger giants show higher rates of escape, owing to a favourable combination of higher irradiation fluxes and weaker gravities. Less massive planets show higher escape rates (1010–1013 g s−1) than those more massive (109–1012 g s−1) over their evolution. We estimate that the 1-Mjup planet would lose at most 1 per cent of its initial mass due to escape, while the 0.3-Mjup planet, could lose up to 20 per cent. This supports the idea that the Neptunian desert has been formed due to significant mass-loss in low-gravity planets. At younger ages, we find that the mid-transit Ly α line is saturated at line centre, while H α exhibits transit depths of at most 3–4 per cent in excess of their geometric transit. While at older ages, Ly α absorption is still significant (and possibly saturated for the lower mass planet), the H α absorption nearly disappears. This is because the extended atmosphere of neutral hydrogen becomes predominantly in the ground state after ∼1.2 Gyr.
Prospects of cosmic superstring detection through microlensing of extragalactic point-like sources
Authors: Chernoff David F , Goobar Ariel , Renk Janina J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The existence of cosmic superstrings may be probed by astronomical time domain surveys. When crossing the line of sight to point-like sources, strings produce a distinctive microlensing signature. We consider two avenues to hunt for a relic population of superstring loops: frequent monitoring of (1) stars in Andromeda, lensed by loops in the haloes of the Milky-Way and Andromeda and (2) supernovae at cosmological distances, lensed by loops in the intergalactic medium. We assess the potential of such experiments to detect and/or constrain strings with a range of tensions, 10−15 ≲ Gμ/c2 ≲ 10−6. The practical sensitivity is tied to cadence of observations which we explore in detail. We forecast that high-cadence monitoring of ∼105 stars on the far side of Andromeda over a year-long period will detect microlensing events if Gμ/c2 ∼ 10−13, while ∼106 stars will detect events if 10−13.5 &lt; Gμ/c2 &lt; 10−11.5; the upper and lower bounds of the accessible tension range continue to expand as the number of stars rises. We also analyse the ability to reject models in the absence of fluctuations. While challenging, these studies are within reach of forthcoming time-domain surveys. Supernova observations can hypothetically constrain models with 10−12 &lt; Gμ/c2 &lt; 10−6 without any optimization of the survey cadence. However, the event rate forecast suggests it will be difficult to reject models of interest. As a demonstration, we use observations from the Pantheon Type Ia supernova cosmology data set to place modest constraints on the number density of cosmic superstrings in a poorly tested region of the parameter space.
Excision and Primary Reanastomosis of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Mycotic Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mascitelli Justin , Gandhi Sirin , Cavallo Claudio , Baranoski Jacob , Meybodi Ali Tayebi , Lawton Michael T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are rare lesions with a predisposition for distal location and non-saccular morphology.
1,2
These aneurysms are less amenable to clipping and may instead require aneurysm trapping with bypass.
3
This video reports a novel bypass for a ruptured, fusiform distal AICA aneurysm. A 51-yr-old woman with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented to the hospital with meningitis and experienced an acute neurological decline while admitted. Neuroimaging revealed a fusiform left a2-AICA aneurysm, thought to be mycotic with diffuse subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage (Hunt-Hess Grade-IV). The occipital artery was harvested as an alternative donor in the myocutaneous flap using a hockey-stick incision. An extended retrosigmoid approach exposed the infectious aneurysm. After aneurysm excision, an a2-AICA-a2-AICA end-to-end reanastomosis was performed in between and deep to the vestibulocochlear nerves superiorly and the glossopharyngeal nerve inferiorly. Indocyanine green videoangiography and postoperative angiogram confirmed bypass patency. Postoperatively, she developed epidural and subdural hematomas due to human immunodeficiency virus-associated coagulopathy and/or increased aspirin sensitivity, requiring reoperation. The patient made a complete recovery at late follow-up. AICA reanastomosis is an elegant intracranial-intracranial bypass for treating distal AICA aneurysms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AICA reanastomosis in the proximal a2-AICA (lateral pontine) segment. This technique has been reported in the literature for distally located aneurysms (a3-AICA).
4
Microanastomosis for more medial AICA aneurysms must be performed deep to the lower cranial nerves. OA to a3-AICA bypass is an alternative in cases where primary reanastomosis is not technically feasible. (Published with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute).
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery for Detecting Frailty in Older People
Authors: Perracini Monica R , Mello Mateus , de Oliveira Máximo Roberta , Bilton Tereza L , Ferriolli Eduardo , Lustosa Lygia P , da Silva Alexandre Tiago 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used to predict negative health-related outcomes in older adults. However, the cutoff point for the detection of the frailty syndrome is not yet conclusive.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the SPPB for detecting frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Design
This was a population-based cross-sectional study focusing on households in urban areas. A total of 744 people who were 65 years old or older participated in this study.

Methods
Frailty was determined by the presence of 3 or more of the following components: unintentional weight loss, self-reported fatigue, weakness, low level of physical activity, and slowness. Diagnostic accuracy measures of the SPPB cutoff points were calculated for the identification of frailty (individuals who were frail) and the frailty process (individuals who were considered to be prefrail and frail). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. Odds ratios for frailty and the frailty process and respective CIs were calculated on the basis of the best cutoff points. A bootstrap analysis was conducted to confirm the internal validity of the findings.

Results
The best cutoff point for the determination of frailty was ≤  8 points (sensitivity = 79.7%; specificity = 73.8%; Youden J statistic = 0.53; positive likelihood ratio = 3.05; area under the curve = 0.85). The best cutoff point for the determination of the frailty process was ≤  10 points (sensitivity = 75.5%; specificity = 52.8%; Youden J statistic = 0.28; positive likelihood ratio = 1.59; area under the curve = 0.76). The adjusted odds of being frail and being in the frailty process were 7.44 (95% CI = 3.90–14.19) and 2.33 (95% CI = 1.65–3.30), respectively.

Limitations
External validation using separate data was not performed, and the cross-sectional design does not allow SPPB predictive capacity to be established.

Conclusions
The SPPB might be used as a screening tool to detect frailty syndrome in community-dwelling older adults, but the cutoff points should be tested in another sample as a further validation step.
Who Cared? Locating Caregivers in Chronicles of the Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Crusades1
Authors: Phillips Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The crusades were religiously-inspired armed expeditions. Many of those who took the cross needed care of some sort: whether they were ill, impaired, wounded, starving or exhausted. However, any reference to medical practitioners—medici or physici in Latin terminology—is unusual in the sources for the crusader expeditions. But as the scholarship of pre-modern medical occupations has shown us, it was not only people identified with explicitly ‘medical’ terminology who attended to ill health in the medieval period. Newer historiographical developments go even further, to suggest utilising a framework of practice to interpret ‘care’ in a way that will be shown to be particularly apt for the crusader context. Through the analysis of incidents in the crusader narrative sources that describe the administration of bodily care, this article will show that practitioners qua caregivers can be found throughout the crusader host.