bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Wnt/PCP Formin Daam1 in Renal Ciliogenesis
Authors: Corkins Mark E. , Krneta-Stankic Vanja , Kloc Malgorzata , McCrea Pierre D. , Gladden Andrew B. , Miller Rachel K. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTKidneys are composed of numerous ciliated epithelial tubules called nephrons. Each nephron functions to reabsorb nutrients and concentrate waste products into urine. Defects in primary cilia are associated with abnormal formation of nephrons and cyst formation in a wide range of kidney disorders. Previous work inXenopus laevisand zebrafish embryos established that loss of components that make up the Wnt/PCP pathway, Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) perturb kidney tubulogenesis. Dishevelled, which activates both the canonical and non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway, affect cilia formation in multiciliated cells. In this study, we investigated the role of the noncanoncial Wnt/PCP components Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) in renal ciliogenesis utilizing polarized mammalian kidney epithelia cells (MDCKII and IMCD3) andXenopus laevisembryonic kidney. We demonstrate that knockdown of Daam1 and ArhGEF19 in MDCKII and IMCD3 cells leads to loss of cilia, and Daam1’s effect on ciliogenesis is mediated by the formin-activity of Daam1. Moreover, Daam1 co-localizes with the ciliary transport protein IFT88. Interestingly, knocking down Daam1 inXenopuskidney does not lead to loss of cilia. This data suggests a new role for Daam1 in the formation of primary cilia.
The End of Innocence: Open Justice, Free Speech and Privacy in the Modern Constitution – Khuja (formerly PNM) v Times Newspapers Limited
Authors: Craig Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis case note explores the issue of open justice considered by Khuja (formerly PNM) v Times Newspapers Limited in the Supreme Court and argues that the current law is confused and incoherent. Far from settling the debate, it is suggested that the decision further undermines some of the key assumptions underpinning the current approach, especially in the light of the compelling and humane minority judgment. This leaves the area ripe for reconsideration in general terms. This note challenges many of the formulaic slogans and rhetoric in previous case law as well as suggesting that the meaning of open justice has been lost in current discourse. After summarising the facts, this note sets out the majority and minority judgments, before analysing some of the conceptual difficulties raised – particularly those of open justice, privacy, presumption of innocence and freedom of speech.
896. ERIGERON GLAUCUS
Authors: Hind Nicholas 
Published: January 2019

SummaryErigeron glaucus Ker Gawl. (Compositae: Astereae: Conyzinae) is described and illustrated and its discovery and surrounding history discussed, accompanied by statements on distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology and vernacular names, together with a selection of references where the species has been illustrated. The range of named selections is discussed, and their supposed colours, availability in the horticultural trade, together with comments on cultivation, hardiness, propagation, pests and diseases and uses provided. A statement on its conservation status is made, and other items of interest are inserted.
The Value of Green Water Management in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Mafuta Clever 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to its multiple uses, water is a highly competed‐for resource. While the competition is mainly in the use of the resource, contestation over water resources is also demonstrated through how the resource is defined and described. Terms such as water stress and water scarcity are commonly used in literature, and so are various colors that define water quality, including white, grey, yellow, and black water. Water that is useful for agriculture is distinctly known as blue or green water, with the latter increasingly gaining prominence in water planning for improved agricultural productivity. Proper management of green water has been shown to improve grain yields in Sub‐Saharan Africa by as much as 2.5 – 6 times. The arid nature of Sub‐Saharan Africa, coupled with the high evapotranspiration rates, calls for improved management of green water, including reducing evaporation losses, reducing seepage, and increasing the water holding capacity of soils. The value of green water management in Sub‐Saharan Africa is further enhanced by its low‐cost nature when compared to irrigation, which is an area that Sub‐Saharan Africa has also been focusing on as part of the solutions to the increasing food needs of its growing population. Infrastructure for irrigation is costly and not affordable to the majority in Africa. In addition, irrigation can only benefit those communities near the water sources, whereas proper green water management can have benefits to all communities, including those far from a water source.
Water Trading: Innovations, Modeling Prices, Data Concerns
Authors: Colby Bonnie , Isaaks Rowan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines policy innovations and data concerns related to water trading in Colorado, and develops econometric models of transactions occurring over two distinct time periods. The Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) of policy adaptation is used to examine shifts in Colorado water trading policy paradigms. Creating better policy frameworks for water trading is a key concern for agricultural, urban, and environmental water interests, given hotter temperatures and more variable precipitation patterns in the western U.S. Contractual arrangements of varying types are being used to engage farmers in providing reliable water supplies for ecosystem and urban needs through changes in farm water use practices. While various pieces of information about changes in water use can be gleaned from public databases, transaction price information is notably lacking. Recent Colorado policy innovations related to water trading emphasize reducing on‐farm consumptive use and making water available for other purposes without permanently drying up irrigated cropland. The use of econometric models analyzing water rights transactions provides insight into how changes in key external factors affect transaction prices. The econometric models developed here focus upon Colorado’s urbanizing Front Range and examine the effect of demographics, housing prices, drought indicators, and agricultural profitability on prices at which water is traded. Volume traded, drought measures, housing prices, alfalfa prices, and water source characteristics are statistically significant in these models. The article concludes by discussing factors that contribute to water trading policy innovations and the broader relevance of Colorado’s innovative trading arrangements to water management challenges in arid regions.
Plant hormone effects on isoprene emission from tropical tree in Ficus septica
Authors: Parveen Shahanaz , Iqbal Md. Asif , Mutanda Ishmael , Rashid Md. Harun‐Ur‐ , Inafuku Masashi , Oku Hirosuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlant hormones and the circadian rhythm have been implicated in coordinated control of isoprene emission in plants. To gain insights into the signalling networks, foliar application of plant hormones was conducted in a native emitter, Ficus septica. Spraying of 50 μM jasmonic acid (JA) gradually decreased isoprene emission by 88% compared with initial levels within 5 days, and emission increased after relief from JA application. We further explored the molecular regulatory mechanism of isoprene emission by analysing photosynthetic rate, gene expression of 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythrytol 4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway, hormone signalling and circadian rhythm processes, and metabolite pool sizes of MEP pathway. Results show that isoprene emission strongly correlated with isoprene synthase (IspS) gene expression and IspS protein levels over the period of JA treatment, indicating transcriptional and possible translational modulation of IspS by JA. Application of JA coordinately modulated genes in the auxin, cytokinin (CK), and circadian rhythm signal transduction pathways. Among the transcriptional factors analysed, MYC2 (JA) and LHY (circadian clock) negatively correlated with isoprene emission. Putative cis‐elements predicted on IspS promoter (G‐box for MYC2 and circadian for LHY) supports our proposal that isoprene emission is regulated by coordinated transcriptional modulation of IspS gene by phytohormone and circadian rhythm signalling.
Mobilized peripheral blood stem cell apheresis via Hickman catheter in pediatric patients
Authors: Doberschuetz Nora , Soerensen Jan , Bonig Halvard , Willasch Andre , Rettinger Eva , Pfirrmann Verena , Salzmann‐Manrique Emilia , Schäfer Richard , Klingebiel Thomas , Bader Peter , Jarisch Andrea 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDAutologous stem cell transplantation remains an integral treatment tool for certain childhood malignancies. In children, a central venous catheter is typically necessary to provide adequate flow rates for preparative apheresis. In this study, the feasibility and efficiency of collecting CD34+ cells via an indwelling Hickman catheter, preimplanted for chemotherapy, instead of placing an additional temporary central venous catheter was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSForty‐eight pediatric leukaphereses for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using Spectra Optia MNC, Version 3.0 were reviewed. We compared preimplanted Hickman catheters with a temporary Shaldon catheter, inserted for apheresis. Apheresis was considered successful if a dose of 2 × 106 CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells/kg BW was achieved.RESULTSIn 43 (89.6%) of the 48 patients, a Hickman catheter was used for leukapheresis. Only 5 patients (10.4%) received a temporary Shaldon catheter. In both groups, apheresis was performed without apparent adverse reactions. The dose of collected CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells was 12.7 × 106 (range, 2.3–70.7 × 106) cells/kg BW in the Hickman group and 16.2 × 106 (range, 3.8–48.4 × 106) cells/kg BW in the Shaldon group, showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.58). In both groups, the primary endpoint of a minimal CD34+ cell concentration of 2 × 106 cells/kg BW was achieved at a maximum of two leukapheresis sessions. Apheresis efficacy was further confirmed by the collection efficiency of 40.2% in the Hickman group and 27.8% in the Shaldon group (p = 0.32).CONCLUSIONThese data indicate the reliable feasibility and efficacy of mobilized apheresis via an indwelling Hickman catheter. In light of this, the routine insertion of a dialysis catheter for the purpose of leukapheresis should be critically reconsidered.
Additional filtering of blood from a cell salvage device is not likely to show important additional benefits in outcome in cardiac surgery
Authors: de Vries Adrianus J. , Vermeijden Wytze J. , van Pelt L. Joost , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , van Oeveren Willem 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDSeveral authors and manufacturers of cell salvage devices recommend additional filtering of processed blood before transfusion. There is no evidence to support this practice. Therefore, we compared the clinical outcome and biochemical effects of cell salvage with or without additional filtering.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe patients, scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement, or combined procedures were part of our randomized multicenter factorial study of cell salvage and filter use on transfusion requirements (ISRCTN 58333401). They were randomized to intraoperative cell salvage or cell salvage plus additional WBC depletion filter. We compared the occurrence of major adverse events (combined death/stroke/myocardial infarction) as primary outcome and minor adverse events (renal function disturbances, infections, delirium), ventilation time, and length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. We also measured biochemical markers of organ injury and inflammation.RESULTSOne hundred eighty‐nine patients had cell salvage, and 175 patients had cell salvage plus filter and completed the study. Demographic data, surgical procedures, and amount of salvaged blood were not different between the groups. There was no difference in the primary outcome with a risk of 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.34–11.25) in the cell salvage plus filter group versus 5.8% (95% CI, 3.09–10.45) in the cell salvage group, a relative risk of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.48– 2.43]. There were no differences in minor adverse events and biochemical markers between the groups.CONCLUSIONThe routine use of an additional filter for transfusion of salvaged blood is unlikely to show important additional benefits.
Orbital apex venous cavernous malformation with optic neuropathy: treatment with multisession gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Young Stephanie Ming , Kim Kyung Hwan , Kim Yoon-Duck , Lang Stephanie S , Park Ji Woong , Woo Kyung In , Lee Jung-Il 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of multisession gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for orbital apex venous cavernous malformation causing optic neuropathy.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in a single tertiary institution from January 2007 to December 2016 on patients who underwent multisession GKRS for orbital apex venous cavernous malformations causing optic neuropathy.ResultsThere were 12 patients included in our study. The mean age was 40.2±14.5 years, and men comprised 66.7% (n=8). Decrease in visual acuity (83.3%) was the most common symptom at presentation. The mean clinical follow-up was 28.5 months. Ten (83.3%) of the 12 patients had improvement in best corrected visual acuity. Of the 10 patients with pre-existing relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), 6 (60%) had complete resolution of RAPD. Of the 12 patients with visual field defect, 7 (58.3%) had complete resolution, 3 (25%) had partial improvement, while 2 (16.7%) remained unchanged due to optic atrophy from long-standing compressive optic neuropathy. Mean proptosis reduced from 2.3±1.7 mm pre-GKRS to 0.5±1.3 mm post-GKRS (p=0.005). Tumour shrinkage was observed in all patients. The mean tumour volume at the time of GKRS was 3104 mm3 (range 221–8500 mm3), which reduced to 658 mm3 (range 120–3350 mm3) at last follow-up. None of the patients experienced GKRS-related ocular morbidity during the follow-up period.ConclusionMultisession GKRS has shown to be an effective and safe option for the treatment of orbital apex venous cavernous malformations causing optic neuropathy, with significant improvement in ophthalmic outcomes and reduction in tumour volume.
The clinical feature of myocilin Y437H mutation in a Chinese family with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Lei Lei , Li Shushan , Liu Xiangyun , Zhang Chun 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo characterise the genotype(s), phenotype(s) and age-related penetrance of glaucoma in a Chinese family with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsRecruited from a Chinese family spanning four generations, 7 individuals with POAG, 1 with ocular hypertension (OHT) and 14 unaffected individuals were included in this study. Genotypic investigation included sequencing of mutation sites using a glaucoma panel in combination with high-throughput sequencing and validated using Sanger sequencing. Phenotypic characterisation included investigation into patient medical history and physical examination.ResultsEight (36.4%) family members harboured heterozygous Y437H mutation, of whom seven (87.5%) were glaucomatous and one (12.5%) had OHT. The mean age of POAG diagnosis was 30.85±7.13 years. The mean highest recorded intraocular pressure (IOP) was 46.57±6.53 mm Hg. They all had complained of symptoms associated with vision and pain. Four (57.1%) patients presented blindness. Five eyes (62.5%) presented with severe and three eyes with moderate visual field defects. Most of them underwent surgery on average 1.29±2.36 years after diagnosis, and the mean IOP at study was 17.95±7.23 mm Hg, with an average of 0.92±0.86 eye-drops. The patient with OHT was treated with latanoprost only and her IOP was well controlled. Age-related glaucoma penetrance was 0% in individuals under the age of 20 years, 50% at ages 20–35 years, 75% at ages 31–35 years and 87.5% over 45 years.ConclusionA novel MYOC mutation (c.1309T>C, p.Y437H) in a Chinese family with POAG was identified which was associated with a phenotype characterised by severe visual impairment, frequent surgical intervention requirement and relatively high penetrance.
Association between education and major adverse cardiac events among patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , M Mabry Ruth , Zubaid Mohammad , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A , Almahmeed Wael , Shehab Abdullah , Rashed Wafa 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between education and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Arabian Gulf.MethodsData were analysed from 3874 consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS admitted to 29 hospitals in four Arabian Gulf countries from January 2012 to January 2013. Education was defined as any type of formal training from primary school and above. MACE included stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality and readmissions for cardiac reasons.ResultsThe overall mean age was 60±13 years and 67% (n=2579) were men. A total of 53% (n=2039) of the patients had some form of school education. Adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics as well as socioeconomic measures (insurance type and employment), at 12-month follow-up, educated patients were significantly less likely to have had MACE (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.55; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.68; p<0.001) than those with no formal education. The lower rate of events was also consistent across all MACE components: stroke/TIA (aOR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.94; p=0.030), MI (aOR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.86; p=0.008), all-cause mortality (aOR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.87; p=0.009) and readmissions for cardiac reasons (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77; p<0.001). MACE outcomes were consistent across men and women and across countries.ConclusionsEducation was associated with lower MACE events in patients with ACS in the Arabian Gulf. Interventions promoting healthy lifestyles and management of clinical risk factors for patients with low health literacy are urgently required.
Use of, and likelihood of using, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Europe and Central Asia: findings from a 2017 large geosocial networking application survey
Authors: Bourne Adam , Alba Beatrice , Garner Alex , Spiteri Gianfranco , Pharris Anastasia , Noori Teymur 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveCurrently, seven European countries provide HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through public health services, although there are numerous reports of off-licence use. The objective of this study was to examine current use of PrEP, likelihood of future use and indicators of potential PrEP candidacy among an opportunistic sample of men who have sex with men in Europe and Central Asia.MethodsA survey was sent out in eight languages to users of the Hornet gay networking application in July and August 2017. Descriptive statistics present proportions of PrEP use, while factors associated with PrEP use are examined using logistic and linear regressions.ResultsOf 12 053 participants whose responses came from 55 European and Central Asian countries, 10 764 (89%) were not living with diagnosed HIV. Among these HIV-negative/untested men, 10.1% (n=1071) were currently taking PrEP or had done so within the previous 3 months. Current or recent PrEP users were significantly more likely to have taken postexposure prophylaxis (adjusted OR (AOR)=16.22 (95% CI 13.53 to 19.45)) or received an STI diagnosis (AOR=4.53 (95% CI 3.77 to 5.44)) in the previous 12 months than those who had not. Most commonly, these men obtained PrEP from a physician (28.1%) or the internet (24.8%), while 33.6% had not disclosed PrEP use to their doctor. Men reporting happiness with their sex life were more likely to have taken PrEP (AOR=1.73 (95% CI 1.59 to 1.89)). Nearly a quarter (21.5%) of those not on PrEP said they were likely to use it in the next 6 months.ConclusionsThe majority of men using, or intending to use, PrEP appear to have a risk profile consistent with emerging guidance. A large proportion of these men are accessing PrEP outside of traditional healthcare settings, posing a challenge for routine monitoring.
Early and Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Following Iatrogenic Injuries During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Verevkin Alexander , von Aspern Konstantin , Leontyev Sergey , Lehmann Sven , Borger Michael A. , Davierwala Piroze M. 
Published: January 2019

Background

Iatrogenic coronary artery injuries during percutaneous coronary interventions (
PCI
) often require emergent surgical management. Our study evaluated the early and long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment of iatrogenic
PCI
complications and identified the predictors of operative and long‐term mortality.

Methods and Results

Pre‐, intra‐ and post‐operative data and hospital outcomes of 168 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures for iatrogenic complications following
PCI
between December 1999 and July 2015, were prospectively collected in our computerized database. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of operative and long‐term mortality. The mean age was 68.5±10.2 years and 35.7% were females.
PCI
complications included left anterior descending (38.7%), right coronary (29.2%), circumflex (13.1%), left main coronary artery injuries (19.0%), and acute myocardial infarction (66.7%), Type A aortic dissection (7.7%), cardiac tamponade (17.9%), and cardiogenic shock (
CS
) (46.4%). Operative mortality for corrective surgery was 20.8% and was independently predicted by critical preoperative state (odds ratio: 3.5;
P=
0.01). The 5‐ and 10‐year survival for all patients was 63.9±4.0% and 49.6±5.0%, which improved remarkably in hospital survivors (79.0±4.0% and 64.0±6.0%). Risk factors for long‐term mortality were critical preoperative state (hazard ratio: 3.5;
P<
0.0001) and coronary artery occlusion during
PCI
(hazard ratio: 2.6;
P
=0.002). The 5‐ and 10‐year freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was 59.7±4.0% and 41.9±5.0%.

Conclusions

Iatrogenic injuries after
PCI
or coronary angiography requiring surgical correction are associated with a high operative and long‐term mortality. Patients developing acute coronary artery occlusion have a more guarded long‐term prognosis. Hospital survivors, however, have a superior long‐term survival.
Long-term management of non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion with fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant 190 μg (ILUVIEN®)
Authors: Coelho João , Pessoa Bernardete , Meireles Angelina 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Macular edema after central retinal vein occlusion is a common cause of vision loss. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and higher levels of inflammatory mediators have been involved in the pathogeny of the macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion. Case report: The authors report a case with non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion that was successfully treated with a single sustained-release fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant. After a course of repeated injections of shorter-acting corticosteroid, the affected eye presented a visual acuity of 20/200 and a central subfield foveal thickness of 587 µm. After fluocinolone acetonide in intravitreal implant and during a follow-up period of 12 months, a continuous and sustained increase in visual acuity until 20/25 with significant anatomical improvements and an acceptable safety profile was observed. Conclusion: These results, demonstrate that fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant might be an effective treatment option in macular edema secondary to non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion.