bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing IMF-sensitive indices of intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies in various environments
Authors: Eftekhari Elham , Mosleh Moein , Vazdekis Alexandre , Tavasoli Saeed 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Using samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study for the first time the relation between large-scale environments (clusters, groups, and voids) and the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We perform an observational approach based on the comparison of IMF-sensitive indices of quiescent galaxies with similar mass in varying environments. These galaxies are selected within a narrow redshift interval (0.020 &lt; z &lt; 0.055) and spanning a range in velocity dispersion from 100 to 200 km s−1. The results of this paper are based upon analysis of composite spectra created by stacking the spectra of galaxies, binned by their velocity dispersion and redshift. The trends of spectral indices as measured from the stacked spectra, with respect to velocity dispersion, are compared in different environments. We find a lack of dependence of the IMF on the environment for intermediate-mass galaxy regime. We verify this finding by providing a more quantitative measurement of the IMF variations among galactic environments using MILES stellar population models with a precision of ΔΓb ∼ 0.2.
Most clinical anti-EGFR antibodies do not neutralize both wtEGFR and EGFRvIII activation in glioma
Authors: Greenall Sameer A , McKenzie Mathew , Seminova Ekatarina , Dolezal Olan , Pearce Lesley , Bentley John , Kuchibhotla Mani , Chen Shengnan C , McDonald Kerrie L , Kornblum Harley I , Endersby Raelene , Adams Timothy E , Johns Terrance G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its truncated, autoactive mutant EGFR variant (v)III are bona fide drivers of tumorigenesis in some gliomas, therapeutic antibodies developed to neutralize this axis have not improved patient survival in a limited number of trials. Previous studies using cells transduced to exogenously express EGFRvIII may have compromised mechanistic studies of anti-EGFR therapeutics. Therefore, we re-assessed the activity of clinical EGFR antibodies in patient-derived gliomaspheres that endogenously express EGFRvIII.MethodsThe antitumor efficacy of antibodies was assessed using in vitro proliferation assays and intracranial orthografts. Receptor activation status, antibody engagement, oncogenic signaling, and mechanism of action after antibody treatment were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Tracking of antibody receptor complexes was conducted using immunofluorescence.ResultsThe EGFR domain III–targeting antibodies cetuximab, necitumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab did not neutralize EGFRvIII activation. Chimeric monoclonal antibody 806 (ch806) neutralized EGFRvIII, but not wild-type (wt)EGFR activation. Panitumumab was the only antibody that neutralized both EGFRvIII and wtEGFR, leading to reduction of p-S6 signaling and superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Mechanistically, panitumumab induced recycling of receptor but not degradation as previously described. Panitumumab, via its unique avidity, stably cross-linked EGFRvIII to prevent its activation, while ch806 induced a marked reduction in the active EGFRvIII disulphide-bonded dimer.ConclusionsWe discovered a previously unknown major resistance mechanism in glioma in that most EGFR domain III–targeting antibodies do not neutralize EGFRvIII. The superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of panitumumab supports further clinical testing of this antibody against EGFRvIII-stratified glioma.
Cognitive Psychology and Empirical Insights for ITA
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cognitive psychology affects information gathering, analysis, and decision-making. There is no evidence that international investment law is immune from those influences, yet the influence of psychology has been remarkably under-scrutinized. To bridge the divide, Chapter 2 explores the roots of law and psychology and considers how cognition errors could influence international investment law. It then describes the literature on cognitive illusions, including illusions involving information accessibility (i.e., availability, representativeness, primacy, and recency), information presentation (i.e., framing, loss aversion, and anchoring), and self-assessments (i.e., confirmation bias, egocentrism, and bias blind spots). It then preliminarily explores how these phenomena might affect debates about international investment dispute settlement. The final section explores debiasing opportunities deriving from quality empiricism.
ITA Expansion, Time, and Costs
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 initially provides data about the growth of ITA as well as offering a series of frames against which to understand its evolution, including a sociological perspective analyzing changes in ITA’s caseload against Professor Everett’s theory of diffusion of innovations. It next explores other elements of time, namely case length and deliberative delays, by offering descriptive data and testing whether case length has reliably increased over time or whether resolution times vary on the basis of institutions resolving disputes. It then turns to exploring temporal elements related to bifurcation and separate opinions. After providing an explanation of the fiscal costs data particularly related to parties’ legal costs as well as tribunal costs and expenses (and conducting a variety of tests to explore the potential impact of missing data), the last section identifies the reliable relationship between the costs of dispute resolution and the time required to resolve the dispute.
The Potential Drivers—Predicting ITA Costs
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many variables could, in theory, be linked to ITA costs. Chapter 8 explores various possibilities with an eye toward explaining ITA costs for potential prediction. While modeling ITA costs involves a trade-off, namely an under-specification of non-identifiable costs that are challenging to measure reliably, it focuses on direct, tangible fiscal elements to aid risk management for parties, counsel, and other stakeholders. As there has never before been any explanatory modeling of ITA costs, the chapter offers a novel perspective. It first sets the stage by identifying the tight (perhaps expected) link between costs of parties’ counsel and the tribunal. Second, it explores cost linkages to the starting and end points of ITA, namely amounts claimed and outcomes. It then focuses on core demographics from earlier chapters to identify non-significant and significant cost predictors. Finally, it offers a descriptive model that partially explains the variance of the distinct ITA costs.
The Way Forward
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To synthesize preceding chapters and point the way forward, Chapter 9 first identifies the need for enhanced transparency on costs and rationalization, particularly in early stages of disputes to manage expectations and create efficiencies. Second, it identifies relative costs and benefits of ITA, arguing an increased focus on non-adjudicative dispute resolution is warranted while acknowledging those mechanisms only work effectively when legitimate adjudication permits parties to negotiate “in the shadow of the law.” Third, the chapter explores ICSID’s proposals to foster a dialogue about costs. Fourth, it advocates changing cost-shifting norms toward a factor-dependent model. Recalling potential limitations, it concludes that for international investment dispute resolution to foster rule-of-law adjudication that is efficient, fair, reliable, and rationalized, stakeholders should implement structural safeguards to focus on appropriate dispute resolution to promote cost containment, predictability, and sustainable dispute resolution in an era of re-emerging nationalization and a backlash against international law.
Starting Over
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The difficulties of starting over in a new country are discussed in chapter 8. Former pilots and their families describe their departure from Southeast Asia: filling out the paperwork required for departure, making the long journey to the United States, and settling in to their new homes. They were assisted by sponsors and provided with jobs in situations that were sometimes successful and sometimes not. Many faced language barriers and isolation. Some of the Hmong refugees have remained in the state where they were originally sponsored. Others have moved to new places, or from place to place, to rejoin family or find better jobs or live in more agreeable climates. The transition from having a financially comfortable life as a revered pilot to being a displaced person working in a blue-collar job was difficult for some. Most put their wartime experiences behind them and quietly settled throughout the United States.
Conclusion
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
People who experienced the war in Laos have differed in the ways they have attempted to make sense of the conflict and their postwar lives. The conclusion describes the contested and contradictory ways that Hmong individuals and groups formally remember those who made the ultimate sacrifice and those who survived; one important memorial to the legacy of the Hmong T-28 pilots was established at the Aviation Heritage Center in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. When the Hmong people went into exile, they thought they were seeking temporary refuge. What unfolded became permanent displacement from their homeland. The conclusion ends with a discussion of Hmong American cultural productions that continue to make reference to the transformative war years.
On Perceiving God
Authors: Baker Mark , Zimmerman Dean 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a gap in existing cognitive scientific explanations of religion: although they may explain various religious beliefs, they are weak at explaining religious experiences—including the very perception-like experiences that believers often take as grounding their belief in God. The account argues that cognitive science of religion (CSR) to date provides neither the full-blown concept of a deity nor dedicated cognitive resources for arriving at the perception of one. The gap is not inevitable, however: it is shown how certain religious experiences could indeed qualify as direct perceptions of God, on a traditional model of perception. Moreover, one can explain how humans acquired the conceptual and computational resources to perceive supernatural beings by supposing that human beings have actually interacted with such beings in evolutionarily significant ways throughout history. The chapter closes with some epistemic implications of looking at CSR in this “reformed” way.
What the Study of Psychological Essentialism May Reveal about the Natural World
Authors: Gelman Susan A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that human conceptual biases can shed light on metaphysical matters. Experimental studies of psychological essentialism reveal persistent biases and distortions starting in childhood and continuing through to adulthood. These biases include underestimating variability within a kind, viewing category boundaries as objectively correct, and assuming a causal essence shared among members of a kind. These assumptions clash with scientific discoveries post-Darwin, thus constituting a deflationary account of essentialism as a theory of how the world is structured. Further, given the reach and persistence of essentialist biases in human reasoning, even the categories of scientists may fall prey to these same errors. Ironically, the realism embedded in essentialism may pose one of the biggest obstacles to achieving a direct perspective on the natural world.
Cognitive Science for the Revisionary Metaphysician
Authors: Rose David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many philosophers insist that the revisionary metaphysician—i.e., the metaphysician who offers a metaphysical theory which conflicts with folk intuitions—bears a special burden to explain why certain folk intuitions are mistaken. This chapter shows how evidence from cognitive science can help the revisionist discharge this explanatory burden. Focusing on composition and persistence, it argues that empirical evidence indicates that the folk operate with a promiscuous teleomentalist view of composition and persistence. The folk view deserves to be debunked. This illustrates one key role cognitive science can play in metaphysics; namely by helping the revisionary metaphysician discharge the explanatory burden of providing a plausible explanation of how the folk have gone wrong.
Unbunking Arguments
Authors: Frugé Christopher 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter develops a style of argument that realists can use to defend the methodological propriety of appealing to a given range of intuitions. Unbunking arguments are an epistemically positive analogue of debunking arguments, and they revolve around the claim that the processes dominantly responsible for beliefs about a given domain are reliable. However, processes cannot always be assessed for accuracy with respect to the relevant domain, so this chapter also develops the cross-domain strategy, which involves arguing that processes known to be reliable in one domain are similarly reliable with respect to a different domain. The chapter ends by unbunking our metaphysical intuitions about mutual supervenience by way of a cross-domain strategy that draws on cognitive scientific research into our ability to track correlations.
San Francisco de Asís, Golden
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A brief sketch of Golden’s boom and bust as a mining town serves as preface to the restoration of San Francisco De Asís by Fray Angélico Chávez in 1960. The chapter then analyzes the concept of la querencia (attachment to and identification with a place) as it pertains to historic churches and the people committed to their caretaking. The discussion pursues a case in point—an abnegate, querencia-driven, recent restorer of San Francisco—and how resumed use of the church led eventually to conflict between the restorer and the new pastor and mayordomos. The chapter concludes with brief exposition of several ghost-town churches, and with visiting information to these and to Golden.
Your Facts or Mine?
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 commences Part II of the book, Causes. It reviews the well-demonstrated psychological mechanisms that lead citizens toward perceiving only a specific set of facts, all the while believing in their sophisticated and unbiased appraisal. A constellation of reinforcing mechanisms adds up to citizens projecting their priors onto their perceptions. The chapter provides a detailed review of the psychological foundations of fact perceptions. It begins by describing the power of personal knowledge (highlighting the notorious “dress controversy” of 2015) and continues to discuss the contributions of cognitive psychology, social psychology, the theory of motivated reasoning, and the perspective that “reasoning is for arguing.” It concludes that all of these literatures point to a powerful role for core values as shapers of reality perceptions, noting the lack of empirical studies that directly test that hypothesis.
Conclusion
Authors: Otis Laura 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent studies of emotion regulation show that reappraisal modulates emotion more effectively than suppression, which can impair memory, raise blood pressure, and inhibit social interactions. Lisa Feldman Barrett and her colleagues offer an alternate psychological construction model of emotion regulation in which emotions shift as ongoing sensations are compared to different patterns of past sensory activity. All of these scientific studies indicate that emotion and emotion regulation involve the same neural processes and that emotion is best understood as occurring within a human self, not in opposition to a self that is separate from the emotions. Metaphors of darkness, paralysis, filth, and foul smells will likely lead to suppression rather than reappraisal because they encourage self-censorship. Emotion metaphors need to catch up with science, since they can drive people to stifle emotions that reassure people of their human value.
Restoring the Great Conversation
Authors: Lane Belden C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Drawing on the work of Carl Jung and James Hillman, the author probes the possibilities of cross-species communication by describing his relationship with an eastern cottonwood tree. He explains that his “conversation” with the tree is largely non-verbal. It’s more a matter of listening to each other in silence, attending to what may come up from the unconscious. Their communication has become a way of falling in love with each other. The author goes on to ask how folklore, indigenous wisdom, and the history of spirituality can help us recover a “forgotten language,” a way of intimately connecting with the natural world. We still do this in our stories and dreams. Renewing the Great Conversation isn’t only what we do for ourselves. It assures the future of an earth where life in all its diversity continues.
Canyons
Authors: Lane Belden C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The red-rock canyons of Utah have long beguiled geologists and depth psychologists alike. The way a river makes its serpentine cut through sandstone walls speaks to the value of carving out a void in the center of one’s life. Canyons carry the soul into unfinished grief—into the pain we’ve stifled, the secrets we’ve hid, the depression we’ve feared. Deep chasms know the grinding action of stone scraped away, grain by grain, over millions of years. They’re conversant with dark shadows. Canyons also carry the soul into the quiet acceptance of the Daoist master as seen in the Dao Te Ching. Learning to flow amid the harried pressures of midlife is a transformation we all seek. The Way of the Dao isn’t a doctrine; it’s a manner of life. It isn’t bound to any faith tradition. You might summarize it as a book about the wisdom of canyons, teaching the receptivity of a deep ravine. It asks: How do you empty yourself of chatter, unnecessary activity, the compulsive needs of the ego?
Introduction
Authors: Perry Samuel L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The book’s introduction begins by describing the growing use and acceptance of pornography in the United States in order to frame the dilemma confronting conservative Protestants. Conservative Protestants’ connections to modern media and technology leave them vulnerable to the allure of pornography. Today, Christian leaders lament that many young Christian men (and increasingly women) are being ravaged by porn use, with devastating consequences for their spiritual lives, service to the church, and families. The introduction also explains how the book advances research on pornography’s effects by focusing on how culture links sexual practices like porn use with human identity and relationships. Conservative Protestantism provides a prime example of a subculture with a relatively coherent and salient approach to pornography use that can be contrasted with what is becoming a more coherent, secular approach. The introduction defines several subcultural distinctives of conservative Protestantism that shape their experiences of pornography in unique ways.
When Moral Language Disguises Self-Interest
Authors: Brennan Jason , Magness Phillip 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers academics’ use of moral language to cover their self-interest. For instance, when a college professor receives tenure, she enjoys tremendous job security. She can then only be fired “for cause” or in case of severe financial emergency. She can hang on to her job for years beyond what should have marked her retirement. At most R1 universities, she can cease publishing without losing her job, even though her primary work responsibility is to publish. In public, professors have to explain why tenure should exist, but need not extol all the benefits tenure grants to them. Instead, they offer high-minded, public-spirited, morally charged arguments, such that tenure protects academic freedom or enhances research productivity.
An organization’s relationship to violence
Authors: Harris Kate Lockwood 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Two sets of assumptions—ones about communication and ones about agency—shape debates over the violence–organization relationship. When scholars and laypersons suggest that words are mere symbols that represent the world and correspond to things in it, communication remains a way to describe violence. Under this representationalist line of thinking, communication is split from the material world and cannot do harm. Similarly, when people assume that agency is a human’s intentional decision about how to act, the broader processes that inform action fade from view. An individual perpetrator becomes the sole violent actor. Both sets of assumptions make it difficult to conceptualize an organization’s role in violence. This chapter relies on feminist new materialism to problematize these assumptions. After providing an overview of the theory’s distinctive features, the chapter shows its resonances with existing scholarship on communication, agency, and organizations. These resonances provide a framework for understanding organizations to be more than mere sites for violence.
Technological Innovations in the Use of 360 Feedback for Performance Management
Authors: Hunt Steven T. , Sherwood Joe , Pytel Lauren M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses how innovations in 360 Feedback are enabling significant improvements in performance management. This information resulted from asking the question: What are the most effective ways to use performance management technology to positively influence employee performance and development and improve talent decisions? Performance management methods used by hundreds of companies around the world were examined. One of the most important findings is that there is no single best way to conduct performance management. Methods that are effective in one company can fail in another. Common characteristics associated with successful performance management processes are identified. The chapter is divided into four sections: (a) a discussion of the work on which this chapter is based; (b) the definitions of 360 Feedback and performance management and key relationships between the two; (c) a discussion of how technology is transforming 360 Feedback used in performance management; (d) an exploration of the technological, process design, and environmental factors related to the use of 360 Feedback to support performance management.
From Insight to Successful Behavior Change
Authors: Nowack Kenneth M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an integrated and theoretically derived individual change framework within strategic 360 Feedback interventions to facilitate successful behavioral change in the face of realistic issues and potential challenges. A brief description of a new individual change model is introduced and issues specific to each stage are discussed. The importance of this individual behavior change model is that it highlights the diverse roles of the practitioner, employee, and organization that appear throughout the 360 Feedback literature to facilitate accurate self-awareness, self-directed learning, goal setting processes, deliberate practice, and evaluation. Practitioners are provided with practical tips and suggestions to maximize understanding, acceptance, motivation, and successful goal accomplishment—the real impact of strategic 360 Feedback interventions that also has a development component.