bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein counteracts BST2‐mediated restriction of virus‐like particle release
Authors: Wang Shiu‐Mei , Huang Kuo‐Jung , Wang Chin‐Tien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBST2/tetherin, an interferon‐inducible antiviral factor, can block the cellular release of various enveloped viruses. We previously reported that human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E) infection can alleviate the BST2 tethering of HIV‐1 virions by downregulating cell surface BST2, suggesting that coronaviruses are capable of encoding anti‐BST2 factors. Here we report our new finding that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein, similar to Vpu, is capable of antagonizing the BST2 tethering of SARS‐CoV, HCoV‐229E, and HIV‐1 virus‐like particles via BST2 downregulation. However, unlike Vpu (which downmodulates BST2 by means of proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways), BST2 downregulation is apparently mediated by SARS‐CoV S through the lysosomal degradation pathway only. We found that SARS‐CoV S colocalized with both BST2 and reduced cell surface BST2, suggesting an association between SARS‐CoV S and BST2 that targets the lysosomal degradation pathway. According to one recent report, SARS‐CoV ORF7a antagonizes BST2 by interfering with BST2 glycosylation1. Our data provide support for the proposal that SARS‐CoV and other enveloped viruses are capable of evolving supplementary anti‐BST2 factors in a manner that requires virus replication. Further experiments are required to determine whether the BST2‐mediated restriction of authentic SARS‐CoV virions is alleviated by the SARS‐CoV spike protein.
An ensemble procedure for pattern recognition of regional drought
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Hussain Ijaz , Faisal Muhammad , Shad Muhammad Yousuf , Elashkar Elsayed E. , Gani Showkat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrought being a complex natural hazard is challenging to monitor. Although standardized procedures for drought characterization are commonly used, the uncertainty about accurate drought characterization under various procedures always exists. Therefore, for effective drought mitigation policies, it is necessary to compare the performance of new and the existing drought procedures. In this study, we proposed a new procedure—The Drought Intensity Pattern Determinate (DIPD) to examine and compare the spatial‐temporal intensities of various drought episodes based on Standardized Drought Indices (SDI). The DIPD framework provides a new tool—The Drought Concentration Index (DCI) to understand the annual intensity of drought classes by alluding the observed frequencies of drought episodes. At the preliminary level of assessment, DIPD is employed at 52 meteorological stations of Pakistan, and compared three commonly used standardized drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Precipitation Temperature Index (SPTI). Exploratory analysis shows a mixed picture as all the drought indices behaving similar for some patterns of drought classes, while some classes show significant discrepancies. In addition, we assessed and compared the spatial distributions using spatial Poisson lognormal model by assuming SDI as a non‐Gaussian process for individual total classes of observed DCI. Results show that the proposed method has ability to incorporate the inner variability in patterns of drought classes. In summary, the DIPD provided a new regional based comparative framework, which accounts the all possible episodes of drought classes and effect of inner discrepancies among quantitative values of SDI.
Microvascular invasion is a major prognostic factor after pancreatico‐duodenectomy for adenocarcinoma
Authors: Panaro Fabrizio , Kellil Tarek , Vendrell Julie , Sega Valentina , Souche Regis , Piardi Tullio , Leon Piera , Cassinotto Christophe , Assenat Eric , Rosso Edoardo , Navarro Francis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI) has been proved to be poor prognostic factor in many cancers. To date, only one study published highlights the relationship between this factor and the natural history of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MVI, on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), after pancreatico‐duodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. Secondarily, we aim to demonstrate that MVI is the most important factor to predict OS after surgery compared with resection margin (RM) and lymph node (LN) status.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2015 and December 2017, 158 PD were performed in two hepato‐bilio‐pancreatic (HBP) centers. Among these, only 79 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. Clinical‐pathological data and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained database.ResultsOf the 79 patients in the cohort, MVI was identified in 35 (44.3%). In univariate analysis, MVI (P = .012 and P < .0001), RM (P = .023 and P = .021), and LN status (P < .0001 and P = .0001) were significantly associated with DFS and OS. A less than 1 mm margin clearance did not influence relapse (P = .72) or long‐term survival (P = .48). LN ratio > 0.226 had a negative impact on OS (P = .044). In multivariate analysis, MVI and RM persisted as independent prognostic factors of DFS (P = .0075 and P = .0098, respectively) and OS (P < .0001 and P = .0194, respectively). Using the likelihood ratio test, MVI was identified as the best fit to predict OS after PD for ductal adenocarcinomas compared with the margin status model (R0 vs R1) (P = .0014).ConclusionThe MVI represents another major prognostic factor determining long‐term outcomes.
Theoretical and experimental studies of passivity breakdown of Aermet 100 ultra‐high stainless steel in chloride ion medium
Authors: Zhong Jinyan , Yu Mei , Li Songmei , Macdonald Digby D. , Xiao Bin , Liu Jianhua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPassivity breakdown and pitting behavior in the presence of aggressive Cl− on ultra‐high strength steel Aermet 100, commonly used for landing gear, has been studied, the data are explained in view of the point defect model (PDM). Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were examined to observe corrosion progress and corrosion products in the salt spray tests at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days intervals. The breakdown behavior was studied using CPP, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and digital confocal microscopy were used to explore the micromorphology and depth distribution of pits. The cumulative distribution basically satisfies a normal probabilistic distribution at the different concentrations of chloride and pH, which is consistent with PDM assuming a near‐normal distribution of potential breakdown sites regarding to the cation vacancy diffusivity.
Layer‐by‐Layer Formation of Polyamine‐Salt Aggregate/Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Loading and Controlled Release of Probe Molecules from Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Herrera Santiago E. , Agazzi Maximiliano L. , Cortez M. Lorena , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , von Bilderling Catalina , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe use of soft materials as building blocks in layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assemblies represent a very appealing and useful approach to enhance the loading capacity of thin films. Here, the capacity of positively charged polyamine‐salt aggregates (PSAs) based on ionically crosslinked poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with phosphate anions (Pi) is explored to act as building blocks in construction of multilayers by alternated deposition with poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate). Hybrid thin films are successfully prepared by the LbL technique with a highly regular growth and a material deposition rate higher than the traditional full polyelectrolyte LbL. The loading of bromophenol blue (BPB) is evaluated by integration into PSAs followed by LbL deposition and monitored with UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, the release of the dye molecules is carried out by exposing the film to different aqueous solutions. It is shown that a fully controlled release can be achieved by simply varying the media pH obtaining total BPB release over periods between minutes and months. The data obtained reveal that this new LbL construction strategy using ionically crosslinked PAH/Pi colloids allows to obtain nanoarchitectures with high loading capacity and remarkable properties for controlled release.
Rs1884444 variant in IL23R gene is associated with a decreased risk in esophageal cancer in Chinese population
Authors: Li Miao , Yue Chenli , Jin Guoquan , Guo Hulin , Ma Haizhao , Wang Guanying , Huang Shangke , Wu Fang , Zhao Xinhan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin‐23 receptor (IL23R) are involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers and autoimmune diseases. IL23R gene is still controversial in the study of esophageal cancer. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of IL23R SNPs on the risk of esophageal cancer. Five hundred six esophageal cancer and 507 controls frequency matched by age and gender were conducted, and the genotypes were determined by the Agena MassARRAY. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of rs1884444 and rs6682925 with susceptibility of esophageal cancer. A total of 30 articles are eligible. Pooled ORs and the 95% CI were calculated using the random‐effect model. Database predicts the expression of IL23R gene in esophageal cancer. IL23R rs1884444 allele G decreased the risk of esophageal cancer under allele, genotype, and additive models (allele model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68‐0.98, P =
.032; genotype model: OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44‐0.97, P =
.035; additive model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68‐0.98, P =
.031). Meta‐analysis shown that IL23R rs1884444 increased the risk of overall disease in allele model (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.25, P <
.001), and also increased the risk of gastrointestinal tumor (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.31, P = .005). The database analysis showed that the expression of IL23R gene was upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. IL23R rs1884444 may play an important role in the susceptibility of esophageal cancer.
Attitudes of people with inherited retinal conditions toward gene editing technology
Authors: Hoffman‐Andrews Lily , Mazzoni Ronit , Pacione Michelle , Garland‐Thomson Rosemarie , Ormond Kelly E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe views of people with genetic conditions are crucial to include in public dialogue around developing gene editing technologies. This qualitative study sought to characterize the attitudes of people with inherited retinal conditions (retinitis pigmentosa [RP] and Leber congenital amaurosis [LCA]) toward gene editing.MethodsIndividuals with RP (N = 9) and LCA (N = 8) participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews about their experience with and attitudes toward blindness, and their views about gene editing technology for somatic, germline, and enhancement applications.ResultsParticipants saw potential benefits from gene editing in general, but views about its use for retinal conditions varied and were influenced by personal perspectives on blindness. Those who felt more negatively toward blindness, particularly those with later onset blindness, were more supportive of gene editing for retinal conditions. Concerns about both germline and somatic editing included: the importance of informed consent; impacts of gene editing on social attitudes and barriers affecting blind people; and worries about “eliminating” blindness or other traits.ConclusionPeople with RP and LCA have diverse attitudes toward gene editing technology informed by their own lived experience with disability, and many have concerns about how the ways in which it is discussed and implemented might affect them.
Dual‐element antenna with high isolation operating at the WLAN bands
Authors: Shen Dong‐Lin , Zhang Li , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Yan Yang‐Dong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a dual‐element antenna working in the 2.4/5‐GHz WLAN bands with high isolation. The antenna element is a coupled‐fed structure, which is formed by a driven monopole and a shorting branch. The decoupling structure disposed between the elements is a hybrid structure, which includes a protruded ground for the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band and a narrow slot etched on the ground plane for the 5‐GHz WLAN band. Moreover, to reduce the dimension of the protruded ground, two 8.2‐nH lumped inductors are embedded in the branches. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths are in the range of 2400‐2497 MHz and 5150‐5940 MHz. The measured transmission coefficient indicates that a good isolation higher than 20 dB over the two bands is obtained.
Single cell RNA‐seq in the sea urchin embryo show marked cell‐type specificity in the Delta/Notch pathway
Authors: Foster Stephany , Teo Yee Voan , Neretti Nicola , Oulhen Nathalie , Wessel Gary M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSea urchin embryos are excellent for in vivo functional studies because of their transparency and tractability in manipulation. They are also favorites for pharmacological approaches since they develop in an aquatic environment and addition of test substances is straightforward. A concern in many pharmacological tests though is the potential for pleiotropic effects that confound the conclusions drawn from the results. Precise cellular interpretations are often not feasible because the impact of the perturbant is not known. Here we use single‐cell mRNA (messenger RNA) sequencing as a metric of cell types in the embryo and to determine the selectivity of two commonly used inhibitors, one each for the Wnt and the Delta‐Notch pathways, on these nascent cell types. We identified 11 distinct cell types based on mRNA profiling, and that the cell lineages affected by Wnt and Delta/Notch inhibition were distinct from each other. These data support specificity and distinct effects of these signaling pathways in the embryo and illuminate how these conserved pathways selectively regulate cell lineages at a single cell level. Overall, we conclude that single cell RNA‐seq analysis in this embryo is revealing of the cell types present during development, of the changes in the gene regulatory network resulting from inhibition of various signaling pathways, and of the selectivity of these pathways in influencing developmental trajectories.
3D Cartesian fast interrupted steady‐state (FISS) imaging
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Bustin Aurélien , Jaubert Olivier , Neji Radhouene , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo enable intrinsic and efficient fat suppression in 3D Cartesian fast interrupted steady‐state (FISS) acquisitions.MethodsA periodic interruption of the balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) readout train (FISS) has been previously proposed for 2D radial imaging. FISS modulates the bSSFP frequency response pattern in terms of shape, width and location of stop band (attenuated transverse magnetization). Depending on the FISS interruption rate, the stop band characteristic can be exploited to suppress the fat spectrum at 3.5 ppm, thus yielding intrinsic fat suppression. For conventional 2D Cartesian sampling, ghosting/aliasing artifacts along phase‐encoding direction have been reported. In this work, we propose to extend FISS to 3D Cartesian imaging and report countermeasures for the previously observed ghosting/aliasing artifacts. Key parameters (dummy prepulses, spatial resolution, and interruption rate) are investigated to optimize fat suppression and image quality. FISS behavior is examined using extended phase graph simulations to recommend parametrizations which are validated in phantom and in vivo measurements on a 1.5T MRI scanner for 3 applications: upper thigh angiography, abdominal imaging, and free‐running 5D CINE.ResultsUsing optimized parameters, 3D Cartesian FISS provides homogeneous and consistent fat suppression for all 3 applications. In upper thigh angiography, vessel structures can be recovered in FISS that are obscured in bSSFP. Fat suppression in free‐running cardiac CINE resulted in less fat‐related motion aliasing and yielded better image quality.Conclusion3D Cartesian FISS is feasible and offers homogeneous intrinsic fat suppression for selected imaging parameters without the need for dedicated preparation pulses, making it a promising candidate for free‐running fat‐suppressed imaging.
Whole‐brain snapshot CEST imaging at 7 T using 3D‐EPI
Authors: Akbey Suzan , Ehses Philipp , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Zaiss Moritz , Stöcker Tony 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe aim of this work is to develop a fast and robust CEST sequence in order to allow the acquisition of a whole‐brain imaging volume after a single preparation block (snapshot acquisition).MethodsA 3D‐CEST sequence with an optimized 3D‐EPI readout module was developed, which acquires the complete k‐space data following a single CEST preparation for 1 saturation offset. Whole‐brain mapping of the Z‐spectrum with 2 mm isotropic resolution is achieved at 68 saturation frequencies in 5 minutes (4.33 s per offset). We analyzed the distribution in order to optimize correction and to provide accurate CEST quantification across the whole brain.ResultsWe obtained maps for 3 different CEST contrasts from 4 healthy subjects. Based on our distribution analysis, we conclude that 3 sampling points allow for sufficient compensation of variations across most of the brain. Two brain regions, the cerebellum and the temporal lobes, are difficult to quantify at 7 T due to very low that was achieved in these regions.ConclusionsThe proposed sequence enables robust acquisition of 2 mm isotropic whole‐brain CEST maps at 7 Tesla within a total scan time of 16 minutes.
Cognitive Effects of Adding Caloric Restriction to Aerobic Exercise Training in Older Adults with Obesity
Authors: Hugenschmidt Christina E. , Leng Xiaoyan , Lyles Mary , Michael Lemaat , Dougherty Ashley , Babcock Phyllis , Baker Laura D. , Brinkley Tina E. , Nicklas Barbara J. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined the short‐ and long‐term effects of adding caloric restriction to 5 months of aerobic exercise training on executive function in sedentary older adults with obesity.MethodsSedentary adults with obesity aged 65 to 79 years completed a randomized trial investigating the cardiorespiratory benefits of adding moderate (~ 250 kcal) or high (~ 600 kcal) caloric restriction to a 20‐week aerobic exercise program. Approximately half (n = 88) completed a cognitive assessment battery at baseline, post intervention, and 18 to 24 months after intervention completion. The primary outcome was an executive function composite score.ResultsIn the overall sample, the executive function composite increased 0.114 from baseline to postintervention (P = 0.01). Randomization to caloric restriction did not significantly alter executive function over aerobic exercise alone, nor were there between‐group differences on any individual executive function test following the intervention or at long‐term follow‐up. Adding caloric restriction to exercise was associated with a modest increase in Mini‐Mental State Examination score (P = 0.04). In the overall sample, increases from baseline at long‐term follow‐up were noted in digit symbol and word list recall performance as well.ConclusionsAdding caloric restriction to a 20‐week aerobic exercise program does not worsen or improve executive function more than exercise alone assessed up to 24 months post randomization.
Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Overweight in Childhood
Authors: Liew Zeyan , Nohr Ellen A. , Morgen Camilla S. , Ernst Andreas , Li Jiong , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Olsen Jørn 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAcetaminophen (paracetamol), a medication commonly used in pregnancy, has hormonal effects, as has been suggested in experimental studies. Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors could predispose individuals to weight gain. This study evaluated the associations between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and overweight in childhood.MethodsA total of 30,127 (age 7) and 24,934 (age 11) children in the Danish National Birth Cohort born during 1996 to 2002 were studied. Mothers reported acetaminophen use in telephone interviews conducted during pregnancy, and children's BMI and waist circumference were reported by parents at 7 and 11 years. Differences for BMI z score and waist circumference were estimated, as well as risk ratios for overweight in girls and boys adjusting for indications of use and other confounders.ResultsThere were no consistent associations found for prenatal acetaminophen exposure and BMI z score or waist circumference in girls and boys at both ages. Prenatal acetaminophen exposure was associated with overweight in girls at age 11 (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.56, if exposed in all three trimesters; P < 0.001 for cumulative weeks of exposure), but no association was found in boys.ConclusionsThere was no strong association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood BMI, but the findings on frequent prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and overweight in girls warrant further investigation.
Introducing a practice perspective on monitoring for adaptive management
Authors: West Simon , Beilin Ruth , Wagenaar Hendrik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Adaptive management (AM) is one of the most prominent ways ecologists contribute to ecosystem management, policy, and planning. AM treats management actions as experiments to monitor and learn from, creating a central role for ecologists in constructing the monitoring programs intended to guide learning.

Yet, ecologists have found monitoring for AM challenging. They face a daunting series of dilemmas: How to produce monitoring programs that are responsive to management goals and provide clear signals for action, in ever‐changing social‐ecological contexts, and in light of impending deadlines, limited funding and available skills? The applied ecological literature has so far struggled to account for the ways in which these dilemmas are experienced and resolved “on the ground.”

We address this problem by using contemporary practice theory to develop a practice perspective on monitoring for AM. Practice theory foregrounds the activities of science, viewing knowledge and context as products of practical action. We develop our practice perspective, rooted in pragmatist philosophy and relational thinking, through an empirical case study of a group of ecologists tasked with developing an adaptive approach to the restoration of threatened vegetation in an Australian national park.

A practice perspective enables us to trace in real time the myriad experiential, situated, practical judgments made by the scientists to navigate the tricky dilemmas they encounter. We thus highlight the messy complexities of scientific knowledge production, while retaining a commitment to the value of science for management.

Our work is relevant for ecologists working at the science‐policy interface because it reveals the embodied competencies essential for the production of usable knowledge. Our focus on the temporality of ecological fieldwork—the progression of monitoring in unfolding time—helps to extend practice‐based research in environmental management. By providing a relational account of practice, knowledge, and context in applied scientific research, we contribute to efforts in the environmental and sustainability sciences to develop relational understandings of people and nature.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.