bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado
Authors: Martenies Sheena E. , Akherati Ali , Jathar Shantanu , Magzamen Sheryl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite improvements in air quality over the past 50 years, ambient air pollution remains an important public health issue in the United States. In particular, emissions from coal‐fired power plants still have a substantial impact on both nearby and regional populations. Of particular concern is the potential for this impact to fall disproportionately on low‐income communities and communities of color. We conducted a quantitative health impact assessment to estimate the health benefits of the proposed decommissioning of two coal‐fired electricity generating stations in the Southern Front Range region of Colorado. We estimated changes in exposures to fine particulate matter and ozone using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and predicted avoided health impacts and related economic values. We also quantitatively assessed the distribution of these benefits by population‐level socioeconomic status. Across the study area, decommissioning the power plants would result in 2 (95% CI: 1–3) avoided premature deaths each year due to reduced PM2.5 exposures and greater reductions in hospitalizations and other morbidities. Health benefits resulting from the modeled shutdowns were greatest in areas with lower educational attainment and other economic indicators. Our results suggest that decommissioning these power plants and replacing them with zero‐emissions sources could have broad public health benefits for residents of Colorado, with larger benefits for those that are socially disadvantaged. Our results also suggested that researchers and decision makers need to consider the unique demographics of their study areas to ensure that important opportunities to reduce health disparities associated with point‐source pollution.
Adaptive Properties of the Genetically Encoded Amino Acid Alphabet Are Inherited from Its Subsets
Authors: Ilardo Melissa , Bose Rudrarup , Meringer Markus , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Grefenstette Natalie , Stephenson James , Freeland Stephen , Gillams Richard J. , Butch Christopher J. , Cleaves H. James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLife uses a common set of 20 coded amino acids (CAAs) to construct proteins. This set was likely canonicalized during early evolution; before this, smaller amino acid sets were gradually expanded as new synthetic, proofreading and coding mechanisms became biologically available. Many possible subsets of the modern CAAs or other presently uncoded amino acids could have comprised the earlier sets. We explore the hypothesis that the CAAs were selectively fixed due to their unique adaptive chemical properties, which facilitate folding, catalysis, and solubility of proteins, and gave adaptive value to organisms able to encode them. Specifically, we studied in silico hypothetical CAA sets of 3–19 amino acids comprised of 1913 structurally diverse α-amino acids, exploring the adaptive value of their combined physicochemical properties relative to those of the modern CAA set. We find that even hypothetical sets containing modern CAA members are especially adaptive; it is difficult to find sets even among a large choice of alternatives that cover the chemical property space more amply. These results suggest that each time a CAA was discovered and embedded during evolution, it provided an adaptive value unusual among many alternatives, and each selective step may have helped bootstrap the developing set to include still more CAAs.
Collagen microsphere based 3D culture system for human osteoarthritis chondrocytes (hOACs)
Authors: Yeung P. , Cheng K. H. , Yan C. H. , Chan B. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe current study aims to evaluate collagen microencapsulation as anin vitro3D culture platform for human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (hOACs), and to exemplify its feasibility in screening potential disease modifying factors. We first isolated and expanded hOACs from osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage samples harvested from multiple patients during total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. These cells were microencapsulated into collagen microspheres for subsequent 3D cultures. The change in chondrocyte phenotypes and OA phenotype was evaluated over time, using 2D monolayer culture and traditional 3D pellet culture as controls. The hOACs in the 3D collagen microsphere model resumed theirin vivophenotypes when compared to 2D monolayer. When compared with the 3D pellet model, the 3D hOAC-collagen microsphere model better recapitulated the OA phenotypes. We further demonstrated the responsiveness of the microencapsulated hOACs towards a number of external factors altering the chondrogenic phenotype, corroborating with previous studies. The hOAC encapsulated collagen microspheres better maintained the hOAC phenotype than the traditional 2D monolayer and 3D pellet cultures. The feasibility to use this hOAC-collagen microspherein vitromodel as a screening platform for disease-modifying agents has been demonstrated, contributing to future development of OA therapeutics.
Antarctic food web architecture under varying dynamics of sea ice cover
Authors: Rossi Loreto , Sporta Caputi Simona , Calizza Edoardo , Careddu Giulio , Oliverio Marco , Schiaparelli Stefano , Costantini Maria Letizia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the Ross Sea, biodiversity organisation is strongly influenced by sea-ice cover, which is characterised by marked spatio-temporal variations. Expected changes in seasonal sea-ice dynamics will be reflected in food web architecture, providing a unique opportunity to study effects of climate change. Based on individual stable isotope analyses and the high taxonomic resolution of sampled specimens, we described benthic food webs in contrasting conditions of seasonal sea-ice persistence (early vs. late sea-ice break up) in medium-depth waters in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). The architecture of biodiversity was reshaped by the pulsed input of sympagic food sources following sea-ice break up, with food web simplification, decreased intraguild predation, potential disturbance propagation and increased vulnerability to biodiversity loss. Following our approach, it was possible to describe in unprecedented detail the complex structure of biodiverse communities, emphasising the role of sympagic inputs, regulated by sea-ice dynamics, in structuring Antarctic medium-depth benthic food webs.
Morphological and biomechanical characterization of immature and mature nasoseptal cartilage
Authors: Jessop Zita M. , Zhang Yadan , Simoes Irina N. , Al-Sabah Ayesha , Badiei Nafiseh , Gazze Salvatore A. , Francis Lewis , Whitaker Iain S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNasoseptal cartilage has been assumed to be isotropic, unlike the well-defined zonal organization of articular cartilage attributed to postnatal biomechanical loading. We know from clinical experience that malrotation of surgical nasoseptal cartilage grafts can lead to increased graft absorption. Other studies have also suggested directionally dependent compressive stiffness suggesting anisotropy, but morphological investigations are lacking. This study characterizes immature and mature native bovine nasoseptal cartilage using a combination of immunohistochemistry, biomechanical testing and structural imaging. Our findings indicate that there is extensive postnatal synthesis and reorganization of the extracellular matrix in bovine nasoseptal cartilage, independent of joint loading forces responsible for articular cartilage anisotropy. Immature nasoseptal cartilage is more cellular and homogenous compared to the zonal organization of cells and extracellular matrix of mature cartilage. Mature samples also exhibited greater glycosaminoglycan content and type II collagen fibre alignment compared to immature cartilage and this correlates with greater compressive stiffness. Engineered neocartilage often consists of immature, isotropic, homogenous tissue that is unable to meet the functional and mechanical demands when implanted into the native environment. This study demonstrates the importance of anisotropy on biomechanical tissue strength to guide future cartilage tissue engineering strategies for surgical reconstruction.
Microscopic photoelectron analysis of single crystalline LiCoO2 particles during the charge-discharge in an all solid-state lithium ion battery
Authors: Akada Keishi , Sudayama Takaaki , Asakura Daisuke , Kitaura Hirokazu , Nagamura Naoka , Horiba Koji , Oshima Masaharu , Hosono Eiji , Harada Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report synchrotron-based operando soft X-ray microscopic photoelectron spectroscopy under charge-discharge control of single crystalline LiCoO2 (LCO) particles as an active electrode material for an all solid-state lithium-ion battery (LIB). Photoelectron mapping and the photoelectron spectrum of a selected microscopic region are obtained by a customized operando cell for LIBs. During the charge process, a more effective Li extraction from a side facet of the single crystalline LCO particle than from the central part is observed, which ensures the reliability of the system as an operando microscopic photoelectron analyzer that can track changes in the electronic structure of a selected part of the active particle. Based on these assessments, the no drastic change in the Co 2p XPS spectra during charge-discharge of LCO supports that the charge-polarization may occur at the oxygen side by strong hybridization between Co 3d and O 2p orbitals. The success of tracking the electronic-structure change at each facet of a single crystalline electrode material during charge-discharge is a major step toward the fabrication of innovative active electrode materials for LIBs.
OrgaQuant: Human Intestinal Organoid Localization and Quantification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kassis Timothy , Hernandez-Gordillo Victor , Langer Ronit , Griffith Linda G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganoid cultures are proving to be powerful in vitro models that closely mimic the cellular constituents of their native tissue. Organoids are typically expanded and cultured in a 3D environment using either naturally derived or synthetic extracellular matrices. Assessing the morphology and growth characteristics of these cultures has been difficult due to the many imaging artifacts that accompany the corresponding images. Unlike single cell cultures, there are no reliable automated segmentation techniques that allow for the localization and quantification of organoids in their 3D culture environment. Here we describe OrgaQuant, a deep convolutional neural network implementation that can locate and quantify the size distribution of human intestinal organoids in brightfield images. OrgaQuant is an end-to-end trained neural network that requires no parameter tweaking; thus, it can be fully automated to analyze thousands of images with no user intervention. To develop OrgaQuant, we created a unique dataset of manually annotated human intestinal organoid images with bounding boxes and trained an object detection pipeline using TensorFlow. We have made the dataset, trained model and inference scripts publicly available along with detailed usage instructions.
Proximity interactions of the ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 reveal a role in regulation of epithelial polarity complex proteins
Authors: Dho Sascha E. , Silva-Gagliardi Nancy , Morgese Fabio , Coyaud Etienne , Lamoureux Emily , Berry Donna M. , Raught Brian , McGlade C. Jane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMIB1 belongs to the RING domain containing family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. In vertebrates, MIB1 plays an essential role in activation of Notch signaling during development, through the ubiquitination and endocytosis of Notch ligands. More recently, Notch independent functions for MIB1 have been described in centriole homeostasis, dendritic spine outgrowth and directional cell migration. Here we use proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to define the MIB1 interactome that included 163 high confidence interactions with polypeptides linked to centrosomes and cilia, endosomal trafficking, RNA and DNA processing, the ubiquitin system, and cell adhesion. Biochemical analysis identified several proteins within these groups including CCDC14 and EPS15 that were ubiquitinated but not degraded when co-expressed with MIB1. The MIB1 interactome included the epithelial cell polarity protein, EPB41L5. MIB1 binds to and ubiquitinates EPB41L5 resulting in its degradation. Furthermore, MIB1 ubiquitinates the EPB41L5-associated polarity protein CRB1, an important determinant of the apical membrane. In polarized cells, MIB1 localized to the lateral membrane with EPB41L5 and to the tight junction with CRB1, CRB3 and ZO1. Furthermore, over expression of MIB1 resulted in altered epithelial cell morphology and apical membrane expansion. These results support a role for MIB1 in regulation of polarized epithelial cell morphology.
The pain alarm response - an example of how conscious awareness shapes pain perception
Authors: Pontén Moa , Fust Jens , D’Onofrio Paolo , Dorp Rick van , Sunnergård Linda , Ingre Michael , Axelsson John , Jensen Karin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPain is subjective and largely shaped by context, yet, little is known about the boundaries for such influences, in particular in relation to conscious awareness. Here, we investigated processing of noxious stimuli during sleep. Four experiments were performed where participants (n = 114) were exposed to repetitions of noxious heat, either when awake or during sleep. A test-phase followed where participants were awake and exposed to painful stimuli and asked to rate pain. Two control experiments included only the test-phase, without any prior pain exposures. Participants in the awake condition rated all test-phase stimuli the same. Conversely, participants who had been sleeping, and thus unaware of getting noxious heat, displayed heightened pain during the first part of the test-phase. This heightened reaction to noxious stimuli—a pain alarm response—was further pronounced in the control conditions where participants were naïve to noxious heat. Results suggest that the pain alarm response is partly dependent on conscious awareness.
Feasibility study of using one-tenth mSv radiation dose in young children chest CT with 80 kVp and model-based iterative reconstruction
Authors: Sun Jihang , Zhang Qifeng , Hu Di , Shen Yun , Yang Haiming , Chen Chenghao , Zhou Zuofu , Peng Yun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCT has become a routine imaging modality based on its excellent ability of displaying lung structures and diseases. But, how to reduce radiation dose of routine CT examination is a concern for radiologists. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using 80kVp and a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm to achieve one-tenth mSv dose chest CT in infants and young children. Thirty-two cases (study group, average age 1.71 ± 1.01 years) underwent non-contrast chest CT examination at low dose with 80 kV, 4mAs and was reconstructed with MBIR (LD-MBIR) and the standard adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm (LD-ASIR); another group (control group) of 32 children underwent routine-dose chest CT with 100 kV and was reconstructed with ASIR only (RD-ASIR). The subjective and objective image quality of the three groups were measured and statistically compared. The radiation dose for the low dose scan was 0.09 ± 0.02 mSv, 6% of the routine dose. All LD-MBIR images were diagnostically acceptable. Compared with the RD-ASIR images, the LD-MBIR images were similar in noise in the left ventricle, muscles, lung field, on-par in displaying large airways, lung lucency and mediastinum, but were inferior in displaying lung marking, small airways and mediastinum. Thus, MBIR images with low dose in pediatric chest CT can be used in the diagnosis for lung field and air way disorders in infants and young children.
The PHD finger of Spp1 mediates histone modification cross-talk
Authors: Musselman Catherine A. , Kutateladze Tatiana G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Binding of the Spp1 PHD finger to histone H3K4me3 is sensitive to adjacent post-translational modifications in the histone tail. This commentary discusses the findings of He and colleagues [Biochem. J.476, 1957–1973] which show that the PHD finger binds to H3K4me3 in a selective manner which is conserved in the Saccharomyces pombe and mammalian orthologues of Spp1.
Exploring the extracellular matrix in health and disease using proteomics
Authors: Taha Isra N. , Naba Alexandra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of hundreds of proteins that constitutes the scaffold of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing architectural and mechanical support to the surrounding cells, it conveys biochemical signals that regulate cellular processes including proliferation and survival, fate determination, and cell migration. Defects in ECM protein assembly, decreased ECM protein production or, on the contrary, excessive ECM accumulation, have been linked to many pathologies including cardiovascular and skeletal diseases, cancers, and fibrosis. The ECM thus represents a potential reservoir of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of the global protein composition of the ECM and how it changes during pathological processes has remained limited until recently.
In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the latest methodological advances in sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based proteomics that have permitted the profiling of the ECM of now dozens of normal and diseased tissues, including tumors and fibrotic lesions.
Short-Term Reliability of Different Methods of Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission in Children and Adults
Authors: Swamy Shreyank P. , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the reliability of 3 methods to measure contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in children and adults.MethodContralateral suppression of TEOAEs was measured in 14 adults and 14 children using 3 methods with and without contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS). Method-I having “2 s on-off” and Method-II having “10 s on-off” interleaved presentation of white noise. Method-III used “continuous presentation of white noise”. Test–retest reliability was checked in adults without removing the probe (same-probe recording) and reinserting the probe (different-probe recording) and in children using a different-probe recording.ResultsThe absolute suppression amplitude of TEOAEs was higher for “continuous noise,” followed by “10 s on-off” and “2 s on-off” CAS. There was no significant effect of age across the 2 probe recordings, 3 methods of TEOAEs with and without CAS, and for the absolute suppression amplitude. Also, in adults, there was no significant difference between same-probe and different-probe recordings across the 3 methods. High internal consistency was observed on Cronbach's alpha (α > .9) for the 3 methods and 2 probe recordings. High agreement and correlation between the recordings for all 3 methods were seen using Bland–Altman plots and Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that highly reliable contralateral suppression of TEOAE can be measured using the 3 methods in adults and children. However, continuous presentation of CAS resulted in greater TEOAE suppression amplitude compared to interleaved presentation of CAS; hence, the former is recommended.
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Auditory
n
-Back Task in Adults With and Without Stuttering
Authors: Devaraju Dhatri S. , Kumar U. Ajith , Maruthy Santosh 
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Adults with stuttering (AWS) exhibit compromised phonological working memory abilities, poor central auditory processing, and impaired auditory processing especially during overt speech production tasks. However, these tasks are sensitive to language disturbances already found in them. Thus, in this study, monosyllables were used ruling out the language effects, and auditory working memory ability was evaluated in AWS using the
n
-back task. In specific, the auditory sensory input of the working memory mechanism was evaluated.

Method
Thirty-two participants, 16 each of AWS and adults with no stuttering (AWNS), performed behavioral auditory 1-back and 2-back tasks. The long latency responses were also recorded during no-back and 2-back conditions from 64 electrode sites.

Results

Results revealed no significant differences between the groups in any of the behavioral parameters such as reaction time, accuracy, false alarm rate, or
d′
. N1 amplitude modulation was noted in AWNS, which was absent in AWS. The segmentation analysis showed a left hemisphere–oriented topographical distribution in the N2 region in AWS irrespective of conditions, whereas the scalp topography was right hemisphere–oriented with the involvement of parietal channels in AWNS. The timing differences existed between AWS and AWNS in the intervals that a topographical distribution lasted in all throughout the time window of analysis.

Conclusion
The results suggest altered neural pathway and hemispheric differences during auditory working memory tasks in AWS.
Low‐energy spin‐orbit torque MTJ‐based non‐volatile flip‐flop with data‐aware backup technique
Authors: Kang G. , Kim T. , Park J. 
Published: August 2019

Spin‐orbit torque magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based non‐volatile flip‐flops (NVFFs) have been introduced to provide zero‐leakage standby state without data loss in power‐gating mode. In this Letter, the data‐aware backup scheme for NVFF, where significant energy can be saved by performing data backup only when the stored data and the current data are different is proprosed. Low‐area backup signal generator is also proposed for the proposed data backup scheme. The simulation results with 65 nm process show 88.7% reduction in backup energy when the stored data and the current data are equal.
Wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen bei Hüft- und Beckenschmerzen
Authors: Schmaranzer Florian , Bixby Sarah , Tannast Moritz 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungSchmerzen in der Hüft- und Beckenregion sind klinisch oft nur wenig spezifisch. Während der Nachweis offensichtlicher Frakturen oder Gelenkdestruktionen mit Röntgenbildern von Hüfte oder Becken vergleichsweise einfach möglich ist, müssen auch seltenere Krankheitsbilder zuverlässig diagnostiziert werden. Sie sind Thema dieses Beitrags.
Placing African labour in global capitalism: the politics of irregular work
Authors: Bernards Nick 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY
This contribution to ROAPE’s ongoing debate on ‘Capitalism in Africa’ highlights the politically contested relationships between irregular forms of work predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and global capitalism. Previous contributions to this debate have rightly pointed out that abstracted understandings of ‘capitalism’ assuming the ever-wider spread of proletarian labour are problematic in African contexts dominated by irregular forms of work. This piece argues, however, that this should be a prompt for us to consider how African labour relations require us to alter our understandings of ‘capitalism’, rather than debating whether or not African political economies are capitalist.