bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI AIR REBUSAN DAUN MANGROVE Sonneratia alba
Authors: Sendukh Toar Waraney , Linggama Gisella Aisyah , Kembaren Meiliani Sembiring , Montolalu Lita ADY 
Published: July 2019

tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit. Penggunaan daun, buah, kulit kayu, batang, akar dan buah dari beberapa spesies mangrove dan memiliki senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba untuk menghambat bakteri S. aureus danE. coli. Menggunakan metode ekstraksi infusa dengan cara direbus selama 10, 20, dan 30 menit setelah itu di rebus kembali dengan air api kecil kemudian di keringkan dalam oven dengan suhu 75-80°C dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 50.000 ppm dan 10.000 ppm, kontrol positif (kloramfenikol), dan kontrol negatif (aquades). Hasil pengujian antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air rebusan daun mangrove Sonneratia albamempunyai aktivitas paling besar pada perlakuan 30 menit konsentrasi 100.000 ppm terhadap bakteri E. colididapatkan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 11,7 mm. Sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus, paling besar pada perlakuan 30 menit konsentrasi 50.000 mendapatkan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 7,5 mm.
Hypothermic circulatory arrest with or without antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch surgery in infants
Authors: Fouly Mohamed Abdel 
Published: July 2019

Background: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) minimizes deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) duration during arch surgery in infants, which may impact the outcomes of the repair. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adding antegrade cerebral perfusion to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on DHCA duration and operative outcomes of different aortic arch operations in infants.
Methods: We retrospectively collected data from infants (<20 weeks old) who underwent aortic arch reconstruction (Norwood operation, arch reconstruction for the hypoplastic arch and interrupted aortic arch) using DHCA alone (n=88) or combined with ACP (n=26). We excluded patients who had concomitant procedures and those with preoperative neurological disability.
Results: There was no difference between groups as regards the age, gender, and the operation performed (p= 0.64; 0.87 and 0.50; respectively). Among the 114 patients, 11 (9.6%) had operative mortality, and 14 (12.3%) had cerebral infarction diagnosed with CT scanning. Adding ACP to DHCA significantly reduced DHCA duration from 50.7 ± 10.6 minutes to 22.4 ± 6.2 minutes (p<0.001) and lowered the mortality (11 vs. 0; p=0.066) and cerebral infarction (13 vs. 1; p=0.18). No statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ischemic time (p=0.63) or hospital stay duration (p=0.47).
Conclusion: Using ACP appears to reduce the DHCA duration and was associated with better survival and neurological outcomes of aortic arch surgery in infants. A study with longer follow-up to evaluate the long-term neurological sequelae is recommended.
Effective intervention to support oral language skills in English as an additional language in the early years
Authors: Murphy Victoria , Karemaker J. , Sylva K. , Kanji G. , Jelley F. 
Published: July 2019

Increasingly, children enter Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings with English as an additional language (EAL) and for many of these linguistically diverse children, their knowledge and skills in the English language is less-well developed than native-speaking (NS) peers. Much research over the past few decades has indicated how important early language and emergent literacy development is within ECEC settings, as children’s skills in these domains underpins later literacy development and academic achievement. Furthermore, many children from linguistically diverse backgrounds tend to have less well-developed vocabulary knowledge and struggle with aspects of literacy later on. In this paper we present the findings of a Professional Development (PD) intervention study aimed at helping teachers to develop and implement effective strategies that support oral language skills in both EAL and NS pupils. We discuss these findings in relation to two other oral language interventions where the focus was on working directly with pupils. We argue that whereas evidence suggests interventions working directly with pupils can be more effective on improved child language outcomes, we need to focus more energy on developing good PD for Early Years Practitioners to support them in their critical roles in children’s educational development.
Early years’ provision for young children in Wales: history, challenges, and the Welsh language
Authors: Siencyn Siân Wyn 
Published: July 2019

The development of Welsh medium early years’ education has been a story of singular success over the last century. With the establishment of the National Assembly in 2000, Wales further forged its own vision for its young children. One of its first priorities, for example, was the Foundation Phase with its radical approach. This paper offers an overview of the historic development of nursery education in Wales, before and post devolution. Welsh language and Wales policies are set in the context of wider influences. Focus will be on Welsh language provision, highlighting the role of Mudiad Meithrin in the language revitalisation process. This paper will consider issues, research and theory relating to early bilingualism and will review approaches to immersion methodology. Thereafter, the challenges of implementing immersion will be explored and set in the landscape of tensions facing the field of early childhood services in Welsh, and in light of current political and policy developments.
Multilingual environments: benefits for early language learning
Authors: Kirwan Déirdre 
Published: July 2019

Since the mid-1990s, Scoil Bhríde (Cailíní), a primary school in the suburbs of Dublin, has experienced an unprecedented increase in the level of linguistic and cultural diversity in its pupil body. This paper explains how, in responding to this new phenomenon, an integrated approach to language learning was developed in the school in cooperation with teachers, pupils and parents. The school’s language policy had two overarching goals:

To ensure that all pupils become proficient in the language of schooling
To exploit the linguistic diversity of the school for the benefit of all pupils

Welcoming the plurilingual repertoires of all learners involves the inclusion of home languages in curriculum delivery, and the classroom procedures that facilitate family involvement are described in the present article. The extent to which all languages of the school community are equally valued in light of this programme are examined, including the Irish language, language awareness, and learner autonomy. Issues arising from this approach to linguistic diversity are discussed in addition to implications for practice, policy and further research.
Language and emotions: a follow-up study of ‘moral allegiances’- the case of Wiktoria
Authors: Machowska-Kosciak Malgorzata 
Published: July 2019

This paper is a follow-up study of one Polish immigrant child’s early experience as she is attending different primary schools in Ireland. The focus is on how heritage language socialisation goals affect her goals and identity negotiation through her daily practices as she grows up in multilingual environment and try to find her place in a new country and society.
We set out the theoretical background, methodology, final results from the longitudinal study (four years) involving such student and her family, as she also attends Polish weekend school in addition to her mainstream school. The theoretical and analytical approach combines Ethnography of Communication approach to data collection and field work (participant home and school observations, audio-recordings of child’s interactions with her peers, her teachers and parents, open-ended interviews, samples of her written work) with Discourse Analysis approaches (Duff, 1995; Davis & Harre 1990, Harre & Langenhove, 1999, Ochs & Capps, 2001). A particular focus is placed on positions and stances taken with respect to sociohistorical and cultural norms and values represented by each language and culture including religious practices. When a new language and culture are being socialized, they must inevitably affect individuals’ moral and emotional systems to a great extent. This is because, some unresolved conflicts of cultural allegiances and ambivalence about identity may shake one’s sense of belonging and even slow the learning process. It can impact on the later command of two languages and integration. On the other hand, “comfortable bicultural identity” and “non-ethnocentric views” of people in general, together with a strong aptitude for language learning, proved to be one of the main factors determining success in becoming skilled in two languages and two cultures (Lambert, 1962, in Paulson & Tucker 2006, pp.315-319). Thus, it is often admitted in the Language Socialisation literature that cultural ideologies not only have a profound effect on those who learn a new language, but also influence the learning and further socialisation of their first language and culture. This micro-analysis of language socialisation is contextualized within a more holistic account of the Polish community in Ireland (Singleton, 2007) - a community culturally shaped by, and in turn shaping, wider societal and cultural ideologies, values and power relations.
Element Abundances: A New Diagnostic for the Solar Wind
Authors: Laming J. Martin , Vourlidas Angelos , Korendyke Clarence , Chua Damien , Cranmer Steven R. , Ko Yuan-Kuen , Kuroda Natsuha , Provornikova Elena , Raymond John C. , Raouafi Nour-Eddine , Strachan Leonard , Tun-Beltran Samuel , Weberg Micah , Wood Brian E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We examine the different element abundances exhibited by the closed loop solar corona and the slow speed solar wind. Both are subject to the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, the enhancement in coronal abundance of elements with FIP below 10 eV (e.g., Mg, Si, Fe) with respect to high-FIP elements (e.g., O, Ne, Ar), but with subtle differences. Intermediate elements, S, P, and C, with FIP just above 10 eV, behave as high-FIP elements in closed loops, but are fractionated more like low-FIP elements in the solar wind. On the basis of FIP fractionation by the ponderomotive force in the chromosphere, we discuss fractionation scenarios where this difference might originate. Fractionation low in the chromosphere where hydrogen is neutral enhances the S, P, and C abundances. This arises with nonresonant waves, which are ubiquitous in open field regions, and is also stronger with torsional Alfvén waves, as opposed to shear (i.e., planar) waves. We discuss the bearing these findings have on models of interchange reconnection as the source of the slow speed solar wind. The outflowing solar wind must ultimately be a mixture of the plasma in the originally open and closed fields, and the proportions and degree of mixing should depend on details of the reconnection process. We also describe novel diagnostics in ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy now available with these new insights, with the prospect of investigating slow speed solar wind origins and the contribution of interchange reconnection by remote sensing.
Broad Emission and Absorption Line Outflows in the Quasar SDSS J163345.22+512748.4
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhou Hongyan , Shu Xinwen , Zhang Shaohua , Ji Tuo , Pan Xiang , Jiang Peng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the optical and near-infrared (NIR) emission and absorption line spectrum of the quasar SDSS J163345.22+512748.4. We discovered on the newly acquired NIR spectrum a highly metastable neutral helium broad absorption line (BAL) He i*
λ10830 with a width of ∼2000 km s−1 and a blueshift of ∼7000 km s−1 in the velocity space. The BAL system is also significantly detected in Mg ii and He i*
λ3889. We estimate a column density of (5.0 ± 1.7) × 1014 cm−2 for the He i*(2 3S) level and infer an ionization parameter of U

A
= 10−1.9±0.2 for the BAL outflow, assuming that the BAL region is thick enough for a full development of an ionization front. The total column density of the BAL outflow is constrained in the range N
H ∼ 1021–1021.4 cm−2. We also found that the bulk of both Mg ii and UV Fe ii, as well as of Hα broad emission lines (BELs), are blueshifted with a velocity of ∼2200 km s−1 with respect to the quasar systemic redshift. We constrain the blueshifted BEL region to have a covering factor C

f
≈ 16%, density n
H ∼ 1010.6–1011.3 cm−3, column density N
H ≳ 1023 cm−2, and ionization parameter U

E
∼ 10−2.1–10−1.5. The outflow gas is located at ∼0.1 pc away from the central ionization source, at a scale comparable to the broad-line region. A toy kinetic model has been proposed to reproduce the profile of Mg ii BEL well if a partial obscured axisymmetric geometry of the outflow with a radial velocity as observed from the BALs is assumed.
HALO7D II: The Halo Velocity Ellipsoid and Velocity Anisotropy with Distant Main-sequence Stars
Authors: Cunningham Emily C. , Deason Alis J. , Sanderson Robyn E. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Anderson Jay , Guhathakurta Puragra , Rockosi Constance M. , van der Marel Roeland P. , Loebman Sarah R. , Wetzel Andrew 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Halo Assembly in Lambda Cold Dark Matter: Observations in 7 Dimensions (HALO7D) data set consists of Keck II/DEIMOS spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope–measured proper motions of Milky Way halo main-sequence turnoff stars in the CANDELS fields. In this paper, the second in the HALO7D series, we present the proper motions for the HALO7D sample. We discuss our measurement methodology, which makes use of a Bayesian mixture modeling approach for creating the stationary reference frame of distant galaxies. Using the 3D kinematic HALO7D sample, we estimate the parameters of the halo velocity ellipsoid,

, and the velocity anisotropy β. Using the full HALO7D sample, we find

at

kpc. We also estimate the ellipsoid parameters for our sample split into three apparent magnitude bins; the posterior medians for these estimates of β are consistent with one another. Finally, we estimate β in each of the individual HALO7D fields. We find that the velocity anisotropy β can vary from field-to field, which suggests that the halo is not phase-mixed at

. We explore the β variation across the skies of two stellar halos from the Latte suite of FIRE-2 simulations, finding that both simulated galaxies show β variation over a range similar to that of the variation observed across the four HALO7D fields. The accretion histories of the two simulated galaxies result in different β variation patterns; spatially mapping β is thus a way forward in characterizing the accretion history of the Galaxy.
Discovery of Highly Blueshifted Broad Balmer and Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in a Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Hung T. , Cenko S. B. , Roth Nathaniel , Gezari S. , Veilleux S. , Velzen Sjoert van , Gaskell C. Martin , Foley Ryan J. , Blagorodnova N. , Yan Lin , Graham M. J. , Brown J. S. , Siebert M. R. , Frederick Sara , Ward Charlotte , Gatkine Pradip , Gal-Yam Avishay , Yang Yi , Schulze S. , Dimitriadis G. , Kupfer Thomas , Shupe David L. , Rusholme Ben , Masci Frank J. , Riddle Reed , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Roestel J. van , Dekany Richard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of nonstellar hydrogen Balmer and metastable helium absorption lines accompanying a transient, high-velocity (0.05c) broad absorption line (BAL) system in the optical spectra of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018zr (z = 0.071). In the Hubble Space Telescope UV spectra, absorption of high- and low-ionization lines is also present at this velocity, making AT2018zr resemble a low-ionization BALQSO. We conclude that these transient absorption features are more likely to arise in fast outflows produced by the TDE than absorbed by the unbound debris. In accordance with the outflow picture, we are able to reproduce the flat-topped Hα emission in a spherically expanding medium without invoking the typical prescription of an elliptical disk. We also report the appearance of narrow (∼1000 kms−1) N iii
λ4640, He ii
λ4686, Hα, and Hβ emission in the late-time optical spectra of AT2018zr, which may be a result of UV continuum hardening at late times, as observed by Swift. Including AT2018zr, we find a high association rate (three out of four) of BALs in the UV spectra of TDEs. This suggests that outflows may be ubiquitous among TDEs and less sensitive to viewing angle effects compared to QSO outflows.
Properties of Stream Interactions and Their Associated Shocks near 1.52 au: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Jianpeng , Wang Zehao , Lin Haibo , Zheng Jianchuan , Cui Jun , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Yang , Feng Xueshang , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft are analyzed for the basic properties of solar wind stream interaction regions (SIRs) and their associated shocks at 1.52 au, as well as the evolution of SIRs from 1 to 1.52 au. A total of 149 SIRs are identified during the period from 2014 October to 2018 November, and 126 SIRs with high-quality data are selected for this study. The average occurrence rate of SIRs at 1.52 au is 36.3 yr−1, which is comparable to but slightly higher than that (32.4 yr−1) at 1 au, meaning that most SIRs are well formed at 1 au. The average duration of SIRs at 1.52 au is about 37.0 hr, comparable to that at 1 au (36.73 hr), indicating that SIRs have not yet expanded more rapidly as they are convected to 1.52 au. The maximum magnetic field strength and pressure of SIRs decrease significantly from 1 to 1.52 au. The shock association rates of SIRs increase from 20.3% to 33.3% or higher as SIRs evolve from 1 to 1.52 au. The forward shocks tend to occur twice more frequently than the reverse shocks. About 75% of shocks at 1.52 au are quasi-perpendicular shocks. The strength of the shocks becomes weaker and the average shock speed remains almost unchanged from 1 to 1.52 au. These results will help us understand the solar wind conditions at Mars and their potential impact on the Martian space environment.
High Star Formation Rates of Low Eddington Ratio Quasars at z ≳ 6
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent simulation studies suggest that the supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in the early universe may precede prolonged intense star formation within its host galaxy, rather than quasars appearing after the obscured dusty star formation phase. If so, high-redshift quasars with low Eddington ratios (

) would be found in actively star-forming hosts with a star formation rate (SFR) of >100 M
⊙ yr−1. We present the submillimeter observations of IMS J2204+0112, a faint quasar with a quasar bolometric luminosity of

and a low

of only 0.1 at z ∼ 6, carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). From its submillimeter fluxes, we measure the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) luminosity of

–

. Interestingly, the derived host galaxy’s SFR is

–

yr−1, an order of magnitude higher than those of the

-matched z ≳ 6 quasars with high

. Similar FIR excesses are also found for five z ≳ 6 low-

quasars (

) in the literature. We show that the overall SFR,

, and

distributions of these and other submillimeter-detected quasars at z ≳ 6 can be explained with the evolutionary track of high-redshift quasars in a simulation study, where low

and high SFR quasars are expected at the end of the SMBH growth. This suggests that the nuclear activities of the low

, high

quasars are on the brink of being turned off, while their host galaxies continue to form the bulk of their stars at SFR >100 M
⊙ yr−1.
Spatial Variation of the Chemical Properties of Massive Star-forming Clumps
Authors: Li Mingyue , Zhou Jianjun , Esimbek Jarken , Quan Donghui , He Yuxin , Li Qiang , Zhu Chunhua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We selected 90 massive star-forming clumps with strong N2H+(1−0), HCO+(1−0), HCN(1−0), and HNC(1−0) emission from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz survey. We obtained Herschel data for all 90 sources and NRAO VLA Sky Survey data for 51 of them. We convolved and regridded all images to the same resolution and pixel size and derived the temperature, H2 column density, molecules’ abundances and abundance, and ratios of each pixel. Our analysis yields three main conclusions. First, the abundances of N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and HNC increase when the column density decreases and the temperature increases, with spatial variations in their abundances dominated by changes in the H2 column density. Second, the abundance ratios between N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and HNC also display systemic variations as a function of the column density due to the chemical properties of these molecules. Third, the sources associated with the 20 cm continuum emission can be classified into four types based on the behavior of the abundances of the four molecules considered here as a function of this emission. The variations of the first three types could also be attributed to the variation of the H2 column density.
Outcome Monitoring and Clinical Decision Support in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Buckley Lisa , Ware Eileen , Kreher Genna , Wiater Lisa , Mehta Jay , Burnham Jon M. 
Published: July 2019

Objective.Inconsistent assessment and treatment may impair juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) outcomes. We aimed to improve polyarticular JIA (rheumatoid factor–positive and –negative) outcomes by standardizing point-of-care disease activity monitoring and implementing clinical decision support (CDS) to reduce treatment variation.Methods.We performed a quality improvement initiative in an outpatient pediatric rheumatology practice. The interventions, implemented from April to November 2016, included standardized disease activity measurement, disease activity target review, and phased introduction of polyarticular JIA CDS to guide medication selection, dosing, treatment duration, and tapering. Process measures included visit-level target attestation (goal: 50%) and CDS use (goal: 15%). Our goal was to reduce the polyarticular JIA clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (cJADAS-10) by at least 10%. Included patients had at least 2 visits from April 2016 through July 2017, and were classified as having early (≤ 6 mos) or established disease (> 6 mos).Results.Patients with polyarticular JIA (n = 97; 81% established disease) were observed for 10.3 months (interquartile range: 6.4–12.3). Target attestation and CDS use occurred in a mean of 77% and 45% of polyarticular JIA visits, respectively. The median cJADAS-10 decreased significantly in both early (16.5 to 2.7, p < 0.001) and established polyarticular JIA (2.1 to 1.0, p = 0.01). A high proportion of patients with early disease received biologic therapy (73.7%). In established disease, although prescription of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs remained similar overall, adalimumab prescribing increased (12.8% to 23.1%, p = 0.008).Conclusion.Implementation of structured disease activity monitoring and CDS in polyarticular JIA was associated with significant reductions in disease activity scores in both early and established disease.