bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Observed Sex Discrepancy in the Prevalence of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ferre Isabella M. , Roof Mackenzie A. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Wasterlain Amy S. , Lajam Claudette M. 
Published: October 2019

» When stratified by sex and age, there is a greater age-adjusted prevalence of osteoarthritis in women (23.5%) as compared with men (18.1%).» The discrepancy between males and females in the prevalence of osteoarthritis is likely multifactorial, being related to hormonal, metabolic, structural, and nutritional differences.» Cartilage is lost at a higher rate in women after accounting for confounding variables such as age, body mass index, and bone volume at baseline.» Estrogen replacement therapy diminishes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the prevalence of osteoarthritis in animal models and humans.» Much work remains to understand the etiology of the sex gap seen in degenerative joint disease.
Effects of Bracing on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Following Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures in Neurologically Intact Patients
Authors: Wallace Nicholas , McHugh Michael , Patel Rakesh , Aleem Ilyas S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials to determine the effect of the use of an orthosis (as compared with no orthosis) on clinical and radiographic outcomes in neurologically intact patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. Optimal nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures in neurologically intact patients remains inconclusive. Conventional care prescribes spine precautions and a thoracolumbar orthosis. Recent studies have suggested that patients with stable burst fractures can obtain comparable outcomes with or without bracing.

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive search of the literature with use of OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies and the risk of bias of included trials. We analyzed several outcomes: the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary (SF-36 PCS and MCS) scores, pain, length of stay, treatment failure, and kyphotic angle. We used weighted mean differences and standardized mean differences in a random-effects model.

Results:
We included 3 studies with a total of 59 patients who were managed with use of a brace and 60 patients who were managed without a brace. There was no significant difference between groups treated with or without an orthosis in terms of SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS, RMDQ/ODI, pain, length of stay, failure rates, or kyphosis angle at baseline or 6-month follow-up. Similar outcomes were seen at long-term follow-up of ≥5 years.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis suggests that neurologically intact patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures obtain similar clinical and radiographic outcomes with or without bracing at both short and long-term follow-up. Routine use of orthoses following these fractures may incur substantial costs and patient morbidity without clinical benefit.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hydrofrac Monitoring in Domanik Sediments: Lessons Learned by PJSC TATNEFT
Authors: Maganov Nail , Khisamov Rais , Bazarevskaya Venera , Abusalimova Renara , Mikhailova Olga , Anoshin Dmitry 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
The sustained long-term development of oil industry in Russia depends largely on how effectively oil reserves in the domanik sediments and other hard-to-recover reserves are brought on stream. Study and development of the domanik sediments–tight, low-permeability carbonate rocks–requires heavy investments and significant intellectual assets. The main challenge of nowadays’ is to find effective stimulation methods to enhance production from the domanik sediments. Development of technologies that can give insight into the reservoir dynamics to make decisions on the optimum completion strategies is one of the priorities of PJSC TATNEFT. Currently, common stimulation methods include treatments of the bottomhole zone and hydraulic fracturing. So, the focus is on the technologies that help to understand the process of hydraulic fractures propagation into the reservoir in the process of multistage hydraulic fracturing, to estimate the extent of the stimulated reservoir volume, and to assess zones of likely proppant penetration into fractures.
Integrated Approach to the Development of Low-Thickness Oil Rims in Western Siberia
Authors: Sugaipov Denis Asadullaevich , Ushmaev Oleg Stanislavovich , Fedorov Maxim Vladimirovich , Nikitin Aleksei Nikolaevich , Kovalenko Igor Viktorovich , Samolovov Dmitry Alekseevich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the work is to present the experience of PJSC "Gazpromneft" in the oil rims development and formed on its basis the strategy of involving in the economically viable development of this type of hydrocarbon reserves. The paper considers various approaches, such as depletion, injection of gas and water into the oil rim, back injection into the gas cap of produced associated petroleum gas from the rim, simultaneous production of oil and gas, etc. Practical examples are given in management and technological decisions in solving various problems in the development of oil rims in order to maximize the economic efficiency of projects and the main recommendations are formed.
The conclusions are that one of the key drivers of the success of the development of oil rims is an integrated approach to development management. It is concluded that the successful development of such deposits is possible under the condition of monetization of all hydrocarbon products. The paper notes that, given the significant volume of construction, technological risks and long-term projects, successful implementation of projects for the development of oil rims requires a clear, long-term and stable state tax policy for companies engaged in the development of the resource base of such hydrocarbon reserves.
Study of Horizontal Wells in Low-Permeable Reservoirs of the Bazhenov Formation: Comparison of Methods, Technologies and Approaches Efficiency
Authors: Basov Artem , Bukov Oleg , Shevchuk Taras , Lazutkin Dmitry , Olyunin Alexey , Saprykina Kseniya , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Guryanov Andrey , Katashov Alexander , Novikov Igor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Expanding the share of unconventional oil and gas reserves involvement shifts the focus to analyzing well productivity increases. The cost of horizontal wells stimulation for increasing oil recovery rate carried out using multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is much higher. This requires the involvement of new technologies and services to facilitate optimal drilling, completion and stimulation returns. The use of developed technology to determine inflow profiles allows oil and gas producing companies to efficiently determine well productive intervals, thereby indicating high production rates and maintaining the profitability of facilities put into operation by eliminating non-productive intervals. These data allow planning field development with higher profitability due to increasing the oil recovery rate.
New Electromagnetic Tool with Azimuthal Sensitivity Development for Proactive Geosteering While Drilling
Authors: Zimovets Sergey , Zhylin Alexandr , Zlodeev Valeriy , Kochergin Maksim , Levchenko Mikhail , Zhylin Anton , Vasilyev Artem , Sukharev Pavel , Bardin Maxim 
Published: October 2019

Resume
An electromagnetic downhole tool with mathematically complete azimuthal sensitivity capable to determine the direction and the distance to the formation boundary at a distance of up to 6 meters has been developed. The tool was specifically designed for proactive geonavigation while drilling horizontal and highly inclined wells in difficult geological conditions. Mathematically complete measurements in the plane transverse to the tool axis allow to detect the boundaries without rotation of a drill string.
The tool was carefully simulated, designed, developed and documented. Experimental prototype was assembled and tested. The engineering prototype manufacturing is in progress.
The Pokur Suite Hard-to-Recover Reserves Development: Successful Achievement of Challenging ERD Wells Drilling and Completion Goals at North-Komsomolskoe Field
Authors: Nuykin Andrey M. , Arzamastsev Georgy G. , Kuznetsov Aleksander L. , Babayev Rufat , Aleman Pedro , Morauskas Robert G. , Koltypin Oleg A. , Nikitin Pavel M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Over the last years, operators get to think about hard-to-recover reserves in poorly consolidated reservoirs of Pokur formations saturated with highly viscous oil and complicated by underlying aquifers and gas capsmore frequently. Low level of knowledge about the reservoir makes it difficult to select an efficient completion technology for ERD wells.
This paper describes a successful experience of construction and "complex" completion of wells, with application of various types of inflow control devices at the North-Komsomolskoye field.
To solve the challenges of the North-Komsomolskoye field and to find an efficient development system, a decision was made to drill ERD wells with 1,500 and 2,000 m long horizontal sections, which, considering the vertical depth of ~1,120 m, already represents a challenge in terms of drilling and completion string running operations.
The complicating factors dictate the necessity to select a completion system which effectively prevents sand production and limits the unwanted fluid inflow into the wellbore.
The extensive calculations of drilling and completion running processes resulted in application of heavy-wall drill pipes with unusual for Russia 114.3 mm (4.5″) high-torque threaded connections used for drilling and completion assemblies running processes. The liner running operations are carried out using a power swivel: a device for running string (RS) rotation independently from the liner. Drilling of long horizontal sections is carried out with oil-based mud to significantly decrease the risks related to wellbore placement and stability issues.
Considering the reservoir heterogeneity, a multizone completion system is used, with swellable packers. To enable packers’ activation, ensure proper displacement of OBM from the wellbore and reduce risks of counterflow emulsions formation, the well is displaced to brine with the use of multi-composition spacer fluids and a washpipe to ensure circulation via the filter liner shoe.
One of the completion stage constituents is the laboratory-based selection of autonomous inflow control devices and valves along with validation of sand filters. The successfully performed completion stage in long horizontal sections provided very good results during wells operation:
Higher flow rates vs. previously drilled wells. No water/gas breakthrough vs. wells completed only with filters. Absence of significant production of solids.
Multidisciplinary Engineering Approach and Proper Planning Enables Successful Drilling of One of the Deepest Exploration HPHT Well in the Samgori-Patardzeuli Area, Georgia
Authors: Korelskiy Evgeny , Yildiz Tabiat Tan , Urazaliev Jenis , Goloborodko Andrey , Orlov Artem , Tirumanapali Suman , Savinov Roman , Akhmetov Marat , Ivanov Roman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Exploration drilling in the Samgori-Patardzeuli area started in 1974 for the Lower Eocene – Paleocene formations, during the exploration campaign oil discoveries were made in Middle Eocene sediments. The Samgori-Patardzeuli Middle Eocene delivered the bulk of the production in Georgia and is now a depeleted reservoir. Although more than 200 well have been drilled up to date, only 13 wells from them were drilled to the Lower Eocene, therefore Lower Eocene have not been studied sufficiently and gas reserves have not been estimated. Despite this, 29.97 million m3 of gas has been prodused so far from the Lower Eocene sediments.
This paper describes the successful experience of drilling one of the deepest exploration well PAT-E1 on the Patardzeuli field to evaluate Lower Eocene gas reservoirs.
Exploration drilling for oil and gas involves numerous risks related with limited information about geological structure and drilling conditions.
Successful drilling of planned deep exploration well requires good understanding of hole stability to find the optimal mud properties, proper casing seat selection and out-of-the-box engineering solutions to reach well objectives.
Multidisciplinary team, including drilling engineers, reservoir engineer, geologist, geomechanicist, petrophysicist, drilling engineer, mud engineer worked in collaboration to design and drill one of the deepest exploration well in the area.
Interval from surface till Upper Eocene was characterized by offset wells, but most of decisions were made based on trial and error. Main problems in the upper sections were related with extreme borehole breakouts and severe losses, while the lower sections was known for losses and gas kick.
The PAT-E1 well was successfully drilled to the main target in the Lower Eocene and penetrated down to the top of Upper Cretaceous formation with well TD at 5020 m. Elimination one of intermediate sections allows to decrease well construction time and costs with controlled risks of borehole breakouts and losses. Geological support allowed to place casing shoes in a very narrow safe interval to separate the interval of high breakout risk and total loss interval of fractured reservoir with abnormally low pore pressure. Real time pore pressure and fracture pressure prediction service in the lower sections allowed to monitor hole condition in real time and provided timely recommendations for well control.
The PAT-E1 well is first deep exploration well that was sucsesfully drilled Upper Cretaceous formation on Patardzeuli field which allow to complete advanced formation evaluation and testing. Best practices developed while drilling this well will be applied for future safe drilling in the region.
Prediction of Wells Productive Characteristics with the Use of Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Balashov Dmitry , Egorov Dmitry , Belozerov Boris , Slivkin Stanislav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The new approach for production prediction was developed and is described in the article which involves the clustering analysis aimed to well logs such that the reservoir and non-reservoir rocks are obtained (presented by various clusters) and the subsequent linkage among clusters' types, their thicknesses and production characteristics is found. It may be implemented for the prediction of the production for planned wells' ranking further. Such approach may provide the solution to various tasks. It may be used for the geological features' estimation. For example, clustering may be adjusted such that sedimentological interpretation becomes simpler, geological models may become more accurate since the machine interpretation was confirmed to be able to find the errors in human interpretation. Moreover, the necessity of implementation of the method was proved for production prediction by regression analysis when clustering results and dynamic characteristics are used simultaneously.
Integrated Asset Modelling: Tips, Tricks and Pitfalls
Authors: Myasnikov Alexey , Mikhin Alexey , Kamartdinov Marat 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The article demonstrates features of using an Integrated Asset Model (IAM). The description is given for assessing of model reliability with main criteria emphasis. Also acceptable deviations for those criteria are analyzed. The solutions are proposed for problems arising when IAM is used for forecast calculation. A methodical approach is presented that allows to verify production data and to calibrate network elements in fast and effective way. The paper shows IAM updating algorithm which allows to perform calculations with the necessary accuracy.
Reservoir Characterization, Incremental Production Forecasting and Decision Making of an Extended Reach Well Project Under Uncertainty
Authors: Mantatzis Konstantinos , Haake Martin , Clemens Torsten , Steineder Dominik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Costs for off-shore extended reach wells can be substantial. To decide if and where to drill, the uncertainties in the reservoir geometry (e.g. top reservoir), rock parameters (e.g. porosity, permeability), saturations (e.g. free water level, saturation height) and dynamic parameters (e.g. relative permeabilities, viscosities) have to be taken into account.
Extensive reservoir characterization under uncertainty was performed and the geometrical and rock parameters were captured by generating thousands of realizations. These realizations were clustered in Multi-Dimensional Space using a dynamic response. As dynamic response, the oil production of "dummy" wells was chosen. The resulting 100 cluster centroids were transferred to dynamic simulation.
Next, the saturation and dynamic parameter ranges were introduced. Latin Hypercube sampling and Differential Evolution lead to an ensemble of history matched models that was used for forecasting of incremental oil production from an extended reach well compared with a base case.
For decision analysis, the workflow comprised generating of various development options (e.g. horizontal, slanted, multi-lateral well). Then, the incremental cumulative oil production of the various development options compared with the base case was calculated. Next, the incremental Net Present Value of the most promising development options was determined.
The selection of the development option was based on the Expected Utility and ensuring that the Probability of Economic Success hurdle was met.
To evaluate the potential to further increase the project value, a distance based Generalized Sensitivity Analysis of parameters on the project economics was performed. The results showed that no further measurement could be conducted in the field to reduce the parameter range, the selected development option has an Expected Monetary Value of 51.16 mn $, an Expected Utility of 49.42 mn $ and the Probability of Economic Success is 81.1 %.
Improving the Efficiency of Carbonate Reservoir Development on the Basis of Fracture Distribution According to Permanent Monitoring Data of the Kharyaga Field
Authors: Panarina Ekaterina , Kazakov Nikolay , Zoshchenko Oleg , Aleschenko Anton 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Development of carbonate reservoir usually presents a lot of challenges in terms of reservoir uncertainty and high lateral and vertical heterogeneity. Therefore, such reservoirs require permanent monitoring, largely dependent on understanding interaction between wells.
Tracer and well tests are commonly used to determine parameters of interference between wells. A large amount of this data has been accumulated at the Kharyaginskoye field. However, the available data has not been fully applied.
The continuous bottomhole pressure monitoring data using PDG (permanent downhole gauges) enabled to determine interaction parameters not only on qualitative, but also on quantitative level, and were used to update existing reservoir model, which allowed for better history matching and improved predictive ability.
Analysis and integration of different multi-temporal studies allowed for water flooding optimizing, improved oil recovery and reduce risks of premature wells watering.
Evaluation of Conductive Fracture Aperture Based on a Detailed Geomechanical Model: Myth or Reality in the Context of Complex Fractured Reservoir?
Authors: Zhigulskiy Svetlana , Lukin Sergey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A comparison of the criteria for the shear strength (linear and nonlinear) with different stress-strain state and variations of the parameters of fractures. Often, the first criterion is applied in petroleum engineering because of its "availability" in the parameters used, which do not require laborious calculations. But when calculating quantitative properties of fractures such as permeability and aperture, knowledge of the second criterion is required. This paper demonstrates the results of finite elemental modeling of a fractured reservoir (3D) under plastic deformation conditions with an estimate of mechanical and conductive aperture, as well as permeability.
Integrated Workflow for Fracture Detection and Modeling Based on Seismic Diffraction Imaging
Authors: Smirnov Konstantin , Rybnikov Anatoly , Sarkisov Gennady 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Knowledge about fracture distribution and fracture properties plays a key role in the successful development of the majority of carbonate and other reservoirs types. Fractures can cause sharp discontinuities in the subsurface properties and act as generic sources of seismic diffraction. Seismic diffraction imaging can detect subsurface discontinuities associated with fracture distribution. The diffraction data enable geoscientists to model the discrete fracture network with great confidence. Fracture properties, populated in 3D geological grids, help to build a more reliable permeability model of a reservoir. The integrated approach, which combines the seismic diffraction imaging and the fracture geo-modeling techniques into one seamless workflow, increases the speed and accuracy of fracture characterization. Real data example shows that the proposed integrated workflow can be used to refine the results of structural/stratigraphic interpretation and help to create more meaningful models of the fractured subsurface.
Field Experience of Integrating Distributed Thermal Anemometer Data Analysis into Production Log Interpretation Workflows
Authors: Miklashevskiy Dmitriy , Skochelyas Roman , Shako Valery , Egorov Alexey , Solovev Timur , Soltanov Dzheikhun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this article is to share development progress and recent field examples for a new interpretation workflow enabling full integration of distributed dynamic thermal anemometry (TA) measurement data with the traditional workflow for production logging (PL) data analysis. A major focus is on oil-water inflow profiling in relatively low-rate horizontal wells.
The dynamic azimuthally distributed thermal anemometry (ADTA) tool was recently field tested in several wells as a part of the PL assembly. The collected data sets and accumulated interpretation experience were used to develop a new workflow to make ADTA an intrinsic part of the data interpretation workflow. It includes a set of enhanced algorithms and software tools that provide automated calculation of the key parameters derived from TA data analysis along with traditional logs. The enhanced workflow is partially based on previously published laboratory experimental data and on utilization of collected field data interpretation experience.
The newly developed algorithms and software tools enabled proving that results of the distributed TA data analysis are fully consistent with other PL data sets provided that the wellbore conditions and procedures enable high-quality measurements and interpretation. For such cases we demonstrate that profiles of multiphase inflows and wellbore phase fractions derived from the distributed TA agree reasonably well with interpretation of the spinner data, the distributed (volumetric) water-cut meter, and other PL data. Meanwhile, in cases of more challenging downhole conditions when some of the traditional PL measurements become unreliable, the distributed TA data can still provide interpretable and valuable information on the zonal inflow profiling. We discuss the uncertainty level for both cases: when all major PL data sets are available with good quality along with TA and in more challenging conditions with just a few reliable data sets. We conclude that integration of distributed TA data for quantitative analysis in multiphase wells extends PL capabilities toward more challenging wellbore conditions than previously possible.
We discuss unique data sets of distributed TA data along with other PL data in the same wells and their quantitative analysis. The field examples of the fully integrated quantitative interpretation workflow are provided for horizontal wells with multiphase flow.