bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apigenin produced by maize flavone synthase I and II protects plants against UV‐B‐induced damage
Authors: Righini Silvana , Rodriguez Eduardo José , Berosich Carla , Grotewold Erich , Casati Paula , Falcone Ferreyra María Lorena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFlavones, one of the largest groups of flavonoids, have beneficial effects on human health and are considered of high nutritional value. Previously, we demonstrated that maize type I flavone synthase (ZmFNSI) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of O‐glycosyl flavones in floral tissues. However, in related species such as rice and sorghum, type II FNS enzymes also contribute to flavone biosynthesis. In this work, we provide evidence that maize has both one FNSI and one FNSII flavone synthases. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing each FNS enzyme were generated to validate the role of flavones in protecting plants against UV‐B radiation. Here, we demostrate that ZmCYP93G7 (FNSII) has flavone synthase activity and is able to complement the Arabidopsis dmr6 mutant, restoring the susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. ZmFNSII expression is controlled by the C1/PL1 + R/B anthocyanin transcriptional complexes, and both ZmFNSI and ZmFNSII are regulated by UV‐B. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing ZmFNSI or ZmFNSII that accumulate apigenin exhibit less UV‐B‐induced damage than wild‐type plants. Together, we show that maize has two FNS‐type enzymes that participate in the synthesis of apigenin, conferring protection against UV‐B radiation.
A glycoform of the secreted purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 co‐purifies with a mannose‐binding lectin (AtGAL1) upregulated by phosphate‐starved Arabidopsis
Authors: Ghahremani Mina , Tran Hue , Biglou Sanaz G. , O'Gallagher Bryden , She Yi‐Min , Plaxton William C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 plays a central role in Pi‐scavenging by Pi‐starved (−Pi) Arabidopsis. Mass spectrometry (MS) of AtPAP26‐S1 and AtPAP26‐S2 glycoforms secreted by −Pi suspension cells demonstrated that N‐glycans at Asn365 and Asn422 were modified in AtPAP26‐S2 to form high‐mannose glycans. A 55‐kDa protein that co‐purified with AtPAP26‐S2 was identified as a Galanthus nivalis agglutinin‐related and apple domain lectin‐1 (AtGAL1; At1g78850). MS revealed that AtGAL1 was bisphosphorylated at Tyr38 and Thr39 and glycosylated at four conserved Asn residues. When AtGAL was incubated in the presence of a thiol‐reducing reagent prior to immunoblotting, its cross‐reactivity with anti‐AtGAL1‐IgG was markedly attenuated (consistent with three predicted disulfide bonds in AtGAL1's apple domain). Secreted AtGAL1 polypeptides were upregulated to a far greater extent than AtGAL1 transcripts during Pi deprivation, indicating posttranscriptional control of AtGAL1 expression. Growth of a −Pi atgal1 mutant was unaffected, possibly due to compensation by AtGAL1's closest paralog, AtGAL2 (At1g78860). Nevertheless, AtGAL1's induction by numerous stresses combined with the broad distribution of AtGAL1‐like lectins in diverse species implies an important function for AtGAL1 orthologs within the plant kingdom. We hypothesize that binding of AtPAP26‐S2's high‐mannose glycans by AtGAL1 enhances AtPAP26 function to facilitate Pi‐scavenging by −Pi Arabidopsis.
Exploring the protein–protein interaction landscape in plants
Authors: Struk Sylwia , Jacobs Anse , Sánchez Martín‐Fontecha Elena , Gevaert Kris , Cubas Pilar , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) represent an essential aspect of plant systems biology. Identification of key protein players and their interaction networks provide crucial insights into the regulation of plant developmental processes and into interactions of plants with their environment. Despite the great advance in the methods for the discovery and validation of PPIs, still several challenges remain. First, the PPI networks are usually highly dynamic, and the in vivo interactions are often transient and difficult to detect. Therefore, the properties of the PPIs under study need to be considered to select the most suitable technique, because each has its own advantages and limitations. Second, besides knowledge on the interacting partners of a protein of interest, characteristics of the interaction, such as the spatial or temporal dynamics, are highly important. Hence, multiple approaches have to be combined to obtain a comprehensive view on the PPI network present in a cell. Here, we present the progress in commonly used methods to detect and validate PPIs in plants with a special emphasis on the PPI features assessed in each approach and how they were or can be used for the study of plant interactions with their environment.
Contact hypersensitivity in adolescents
Authors: Pap Eszter Barbara , Temesvári Erzsébet , Németh Ilona , Sárdy Miklós , Pónyai Györgyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundContact hypersensitivity is common in adolescents, but data in the literature are limited. Adolescents often use cosmetics, wear jewelry, and obtain tattoos, which can be sources of allergens.MethodsThis was a retrospective, noninterventional cohort study of 100 adolescents (aged 13‐18; 74 girls, 26 boys) who were consecutively patch tested.ResultsWe detected contact hypersensitivity in 51 of the 100 patch‐tested patients (51%): 52.7% of the girls and 46.2% of the boys were sensitized. The most common allergens were nickel (17%), thimerosal (12%), para‐phenylenediamine (8%), cobalt (7%), and fragrance mix I (6%). Thirteen percent of the reactions did not appear until the seventh day. The majority of clinical lesions affected the hands and face. The most common contact allergens were mercury derivatives, lanolin, and para‐phenylenediamine in boys and nickel, thimerosal, para‐phenylenediamine, cobalt, and fragrance mix I in girls. Of the 47 adolescents with atopic dermatitis 51.1% had contact hypersensitivity. In this group, skin care product ingredients were the typical allergens (25.5%). The most common contact allergens of those with atopic dermatitis were nickel (12.8%), lanolin (10.6%), and thimerosal (8.5%).ConclusionContact hypersensitivity is common in adolescents. For patients with therapy‐resistant skin lesions affecting the face and hands, patch testing with an evaluation for 7 days is recommended. Our results provide the first data on frequency of contact hypersensitivity in this age group in Hungary. Metals, fragrances, mercuric derivatives, dyeing materials, and skin care products were the most common allergens.
Head‐and‐neck dermatitis: Diagnostic difficulties and management pearls
Authors: Maarouf Melody , Saberian Chantal , Lio Peter A. , Shi Vivian Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHead‐and‐neck dermatitis is a variant of atopic dermatitis (AD) often seen in children and is challenging to diagnose, as it frequently overlaps with other eczematous dermatoses. Successful head‐and‐neck dermatitis (HND) treatment requires identification of common triggers and clinical mimickers, such as airborne dermatitis, periorificial dermatitis, and steroid‐induced rosacea. Head‐and‐neck involvement negatively impacts quality of life and is often harder to treat than other body parts, as long‐term topical corticosteroid use carries higher risks for skin atrophy on the face. Heating and flushing associated with HND further exacerbate the itch‐and‐scratch‐cycle and disrupt sleep. We aim to address diagnostic gaps, identify clinical mimickers, and share clinical pearls in managing HND, including cooling pillows, thermal water sprays, rice starch paper facial masks, and tips to minimize food and saliva‐induced facial irritation.
Hymenal polyps in two infants
Authors: Frikha Fatma , Boudaya Sonia , Sellami Khadija , Bahloul Emna , Turki Hamida 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPathological conditions of the hymen are rare in everyday medical practice. Hymenal polyps are polypoid formations originating from the hymenal rim and are benign and disappear spontaneously within a few weeks of onset. We report two cases of hymenal polyps in two infants.
Complaining about rivals: Indifference, cooperation, and competition in the governance of advertising
Authors: Cluley Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhat should rivals do when they see competitors breaking agreed rules within systems of self‐regulation? This study investigates compliant behavior among British advertisers to empirically answer this question. It analyses five years of complaints (n= 146,062) and adjudications (n= 4,832) published by the self‐regulatory body for the British advertising industry. The majority of firms adopt a strategy of indifference and rarely regulate their rivals. Highly engaged firms either adopt an angelic strategy as they use their resources to complain about their rivals; a deviant strategy as they are subject to a large number of complaints; or a predatory strategy as they attack their rivals through advertising regulation. This illustrates a unique form of regulatory capture in which a regulatory system becomes an arena of competition for some actors while continuing as a governance mechanism for others.
Business interests in salmon aquaculture certification: Competition or collective action?
Authors: Vormedal Irja , Gulbrandsen Lars H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch recognizes that strategic business interests can provide an important driver of private regulation, even in the absence of significant societal pressure and non‐governmental organization‐constructed demand. This article examines a range of competition and collective action‐related interests that can motivate firms to promote and adopt certification schemes. We pay particular attention to the hitherto underexplored collective action interest to safeguard common‐pool resources, upon which an industry may depend to sustain yields. Based on a case study of salmon aquaculture certification, the article argues that while the corporate motives repertoire includes strengthening competitiveness and industry reputation, safeguarding shared waters for culturing salmon is key to explaining industry commitment to and adoption of private regulation in this sector.
An Insurance Model for Risk Management of Process Facilities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Javad , Khan Faisal , Ahmed Salim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMost existing risk management models for process industries do not consider the effect of insurance coverage, which results in an overestimation of overall risk. A model is presented in this article to study the effect of insurance coverage of health, safety, environmental, and business risks. The effect of insurance recovery is modeled through the application of adjustment factors by considering the stochastic factors affecting insurance recovery. The insurance contract's conditions, deductibles, and policy limits are considered in developing the insurance recovery adjustment factors. Copula functions and Monte Carlo simulations are used to develop the distribution of the aggregate loss by considering the dependence among loss classes. A case study is used to demonstrate both the practical application of the proposed insurance model to improve management decisions, and the mitigating effect of insurance to minimize the residual risk.
Has the Exchange Rate Pass‐Through changed in South Africa?
Authors: Kabundi Alain , Mbelu Asi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper uses the two‐stage exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) framework instead of the direct pass‐through (PT) from the exchange rate to consumer inflation to assess the variation in the ERPT for South Africa from 1994 to 2014. The paper uses rolling‐window estimation to examine the possibility of change in the ERPT over time. In addition, it investigates the asymmetric behaviour of the ERPT over the business cycle. The results indicate that the ERPT for South Africa is complete in the first stage but incomplete in the second stage. It implies that retailers do not pass all the cost to consumers. The first‐stage ERPT has declined slightly since the Global Financial Crisis. Weak domestic demand and possibly the concentration of firms in the manufacturing sector are the main forces behind this low PT. Moreover, there is evidence of asymmetry in the first‐stage ERPT in that it tends to rise in the upturn phase of the economy compared to the downturn. The second‐stage ERPT shows a considerable decline since the adoption of the inflation‐targeting regime. Similar to the first‐stage case, the PT is muted in the downturn but rises in the expansionary phase by about 10%.
(Re)theorizing hybridity for the study of identity and difference
Authors: Balaram Arita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper revisits the construct of hybridity as conceptualized in postcolonial theory and its application within and beyond the field of critical social psychology. Hybridity emerged in postcolonial theory as an alternative to racial/racist purisms, questioning “natural” and complete definitions of identity and instead suggesting movement and mediation as central to identity‐making. The objectives of this paper are twofold: First, I trace the genealogy of hybridity discourse from its origins as a critique of cultural imperialism, to its explicit and implicit invocations serving projects of assimilation and nation‐building. Second, building on the work of critical race scholars, critical social psychologists, and Caribbean feminist scholars who emphasize the role of power in the production of difference, I anchor my analysis of the malleability of hybridity in traveling notions of Indo‐Caribbean identity from the Caribbean region to the U.S. More broadly, I illuminate the tensions involved in reclaiming multiple notions of origin and organizing transnational commitments.
Choosing between random effects models in meta‐analysis: Units of analysis and the generalizability of obtained results
Authors: Hall Judith A. , Rosenthal Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn meta‐analysis, the choice between different models is recognized as important and as requiring empirical and theoretical justification. However, researchers are often unclear on how to make this choice. Each kind of model makes assumptions and brings implications regarding the generalizations that can be made from the data. The present article summarizes standard understandings of fixed versus random model concepts with special focus on a choice not often discussed: that between a weighted random effects model and an unweighted random effects model. The weighted effects approach is currently predominant as a random effects model, while the unweighted model, although once prevalent, is rarely used anymore. The present article revives the unweighted model as a legitimate, practical, and sometimes preferable alternative. The unweighted effects model allows the fullest generalization to future and unretrieved studies and is easiest to implement, although it is generally the most conservative and therefore typically has the least statistical power.Short description: This article summarizes the meaning and usage of fixed versus random effects models in meta‐analysis and brings attention to a type of random effects model (unweighted effects) that is less often used but that offers full generalization to future studies and is also easier to implement.
What drives the public opinion on asylum policy in the Netherlands?
Authors: Bolt Gideon , Wetsteijn Eva 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmong the citizens of Western Europe, Dutch residents appear to be the least supportive of a generous judgement of asylum applications. In line with the perceived ethnic threat theory, people with a higher level of education advocate a more generous judgement of asylum applications than people with a low level of education. Surprisingly, income has the opposite effect. The effect of the (perceived) presence of out‐groups members on the attitudes towards asylum seekers appears to vary between different scale levels. Those with a higher level of education estimate the size of the immigrant groups at the national level, the less support they express for a generous judgement of asylum applications. At the neighbourhood level, more interethnic exposure leads to more support for a generous judgement of asylum applications. This may indicate that the ethnic competition theory works at a macro level, while at the neighbourhood level the contact hypothesis applies.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients: a descriptive analysis for the Swiss Transplant Cohort
Authors: Neofytos Dionysios , Hirzel Cedric , Boely Elsa , Lecompte Thanh , Khanna Nina , Mueller Nicolas J. , Boggian Katia , Cusini Alexia , Manuel Oriol , van Delden Christian ,   Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDescriptive data on Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr) in the era of routine Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis are lacking.MethodsAll adult SOTr between 2008 and 2016 were included. PJP was diagnosed based on consensus guidelines. Early‐onset PJP was defined as PJP within the first‐year‐post‐transplant.Results41/2842 SOTr (1.4%) developed PJP (incidence rate: 0.01/1000 person‐days) at a mean of 493‐days post‐transplant: 21 (51.2%) early vs 20 (48.8%) late‐onset PJP. 2465 (86.7%) SOTr received Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis for a mean 316 days. PJP incidence was 0.001% and 0.003% (log‐rank < 0.001) in SOTr with and without Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis, respectively. PJP was an early event in 10/12 (83.3%) SOTr who did not receive Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis and developed PJP, compared to those patients who received prophylaxis (11/29, 37.9%; P‐value: 0.008). Among late‐onset PJP patients, most cases (13/20, 65%) were observed during the 2nd year post‐transplant. Age ≥65 years (OR: 2.4, P‐value: 0.03) and CMV infection during the first 6 months post‐SOT (OR: 2.5, P‐value: 0.006) were significant PJP predictors, while Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis was protective for PJP (OR: 0.3, P‐value: 0.006) in the overall population. Most patients (35, 85.4%) were treated with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole for a mean 20.6 days. 1‐year mortality was 14.6%.ConclusionsIn the Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis‐era, PJP remains a rare post‐transplant complication. Most cases occurred post‐PJP‐prophylaxis‐discontinuation, particularly during the second‐year‐post‐transplant. Additional research may help identify indications for Pneumocystis‐prophylaxis prolongation.
Successful floral‐dipping transformation of post‐anthesis lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) flowers
Authors: Fang Fang , Oliva Moran , Ehi‐Eromosele Sonia , Zaccai Michele , Arazi Tzahi , Oren‐Shamir Michal 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe adaptation of the Agrobacterium‐mediated floral‐dipping technique is limited, to date, to a small number of plants. In this paper, we present the efficient transformation of one of the leading plants in the cut flower industry, lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum). This method is approximately 18 months shorter than the known tissue culture‐based transformation. The Excalibur Pink cultivar and two additional breeding lines, X‐1042 and X‐2541, were transformed using three different marker genes (benzyl alcohol acetyltransferase (BEAT) originating from Clarkia breweri, the feedback‐insensitive bacterial gene AroG*, and the empty pART27 vector expressing a kanamycin‐resistance cassette (nptII)). Genomic transformation was successful in all tested cases with transformation efficiency ranked from 0.2 to 2.9%, which is well in the range of results from Arabidopsis studies. Unlike Arabidopsis, in which floral‐dipping transformation was efficient only at a pre‐anthesis stage before ovary sealing, lisianthus flowers were transformed when dipping occurred 4 days pre‐anthesis or 3−5 days post‐anthesis with 1.5 and 3.7% efficiencies, respectively. Post‐anthesis transformation occurred when the flower ovaries were sealed. Flower dipping of Excalibur Pink flowers with fluorescent Agrobacterium containing a GFP marker gene demonstrated Agrobacterium entrance into the sealed flower ovary through the open stigma and style tube. In this study, we demonstrated floral‐dipping transformation of a commercial plant, lisianthus Excalibur Pink, occurring after sealing of the ovaries, probably via the stigma and wide open style tunnel.
The effect of broadband on European Union trade: A regional spatial approach
Authors: Barbero Javier , Rodriguez‐Crespo Ernesto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe positive effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on trade between countries has been widely studied in the literature, but how ICT impacts regional trade is limited due to the lack of regional trade data. In this paper, we test whether broadband, as a proxy for ICT, increases bilateral trade at the regional level in Europe. We use a novel regional trade database of European Union regions and estimate an origin–destination flow gravity model for 2007 and 2010, accounting for spatial dependence among trade flows. Our results indicate that broadband is positive and significant in explaining trade patterns between European regions during both time periods.
Outcomes associated with transfusion in low‐risk women with obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: Patterson Jillian A. , Nippita Tanya A. , Randall Deborah , Irving David O. , Ford Jane B. ,   for the Obstetric Transfusion Steering Group
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesObstetric haemorrhage is associated with increased blood transfusion, morbidity and health service usage in women. While the use of transfusion in actively bleeding patients is supported, there is little evidence for the use of blood as treatment in the nonbleeding patient following obstetric haemorrhage. Transfusion may expose women to increased morbidity. This study aims to compare outcomes between low‐risk women receiving no or 1–2 units of blood in the context of obstetric haemorrhage.Materials and MethodsThe study population included women giving birth in hospital in New South Wales, Australia, between July 2006 and December 2010, with a diagnosis of obstetric haemorrhage. Women with medical or obstetric conditions making them high risk were excluded, as were women receiving more than 2 units of blood. Data were obtained from linked hospital, birth and blood bank databases. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes between transfused and nontransfused women in order to estimate the impact of the transfusion itself on outcomes.ResultsThere were 14989 women with obstetric haemorrhage, of whom, 1702 received a transfusion, including 1069 receiving a transfusion of 1–2 units. Women receiving transfusion were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity (relative risk 7·0, 95% Confidence interval (2·8, 17·8)), be admitted to intensive care (RR 2·1 95% CI(1·2, 3·8)), and have a length of stay >5 days (RR 2·0, 95% CI (1·6, 2·5)).ConclusionsSmall volume transfusion in the context of obstetric haemorrhage among low‐risk women is associated with poorer maternal outcomes and increased healthcare utilisation.