bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIRE DES TEXTES LITTÉRAIRES À L’ÈRE DES HUMANITÉS NUMÉRIQUES
Authors: Lebrun Monique 
Published: June 2018

Nous sommes envahis non seulement par les médias électroniques de toutes sortes, mais également par un discours pédagogique enjoignant les enseignants à revisiter leur pédagogie de façon à en tenir compte. Cet article se présente comme une réflexion préliminaire à l’adoption des modalités d’un tel changement de paradigme, plus spécialement dans les études littéraires, où a cours la notion de « classique », avec ce qu’elle suppose d’adhésion aux valeurs de beauté et d’universalisme, de tradition héritée du passé. Le propos est divisé en cinq sections. Après une interrogation sur le sens des nouvelles humanités issues du numérique suivent deux développements très liés, l’un portant sur les mutations de la lecture en fonction des nouveaux supports textuels et l’autre, sur l’appréciation du texte littéraire à l’heure de la lecture à l’écran. Les deux dernières sections, elles aussi dans le prolongement l’une de l’autre, abordent les pratiques informelles des jeunes à l’ère du numérique et comment l’école a commencé à en tenir compte.
PRODUIRE DES PLANCHES POUR APPRENDRE À LIRE LA BD : QUELQUES DIPOSITIFS ET LEURS EFFETS DANS DES CLASSES DE CYCLE 3
Authors: Rouvière Nicolas 
Published: June 2018

Le présent article légitime la production de planches de BD dans le cours de français, en distinguant deux compétences essentielles : le découpage du récit et la mise en page. Il montre que la BD peut modifier le rapport à l’écrit et révéler chez certains élèves des compétences d’écriture narrative que l’on ne soupçonnait pas. L’article jete les bases d’une didactique de la BD sur le versant de la production, et ouvre un champ d’étude nouveau dans le cours de français : celui de la création scénaristique.
MULTILECTURE ET CONSTRUCTION DE LA COMPRÉHENSION
Authors: COURBIN Martine 
Published: June 2018

Les Fables de Jean de La Fontaine, au programme de l’école depuis 2004, posent un défi considérable aux enseignants du cycle des approfondissements, tant la compréhension de cette oeuvre littéraire patrimoniale s’avère ardue pour les élèves. Or, le dispositif didactique de lecture-spectature peut constituer une voie/voix pour lever ces difficultés en faisant interagir lecture littéraire et lectures filmiques.
Dans une classe de cours moyen, deux adaptations visuelles sont convoquées pour construire la compréhension des deux fables « La Cigale et la Fourmi » et « Le Corbeau et le Renard » : le film du spectacle théâtral de Robert Wilson et des dessins animés. La séquence didactique conçue et mise en oeuvre vise à faire lire successivement et systémiquement ces fables sous la forme de trois supports différenciés, imprimés traditionnel puis visuels, invitant l’élève lecteur-spectateur à convoquer, interpréter, reconfigurer ses propres lectures dans un mouvement dynamique. Des phases d’interactions langagières au sein de la classe, instituée communauté discursive disciplinaire, permettent d’entendre dialoguer et se confronter ces lectures d’élèves parfois diverses, souvent proches, toujours renouvelées. Pour la très grande majorité des élèves de la classe, de nouveaux savoirs se construisent grâce à la multilecture.
RENCONTRES AVEC DES OEUVRES PATRIMONIALES SUR DES FORUMS ET DES BLOGUES SCOLAIRES : VISIBILITÉ DES LECTURES ET INTERPRÉTATIONS COLLABORATIVES
Authors: Moinard Pierre 
Published: June 2018

Les forums et les blogues possèdent des spécificités contribuant à la production collaborative d’un discours (éventuellement multimodal) sur des lectures tout en offrant l’occasion d’un examen précis des processus à l’oeuvre. En contexte scolaire, des échanges asynchrones en ligne ne pourraient-ils pas favoriser le partage des interprétations ? Comment entrent-ils en synergie avec des pratiques d’enseignement fondées sur l’objectivation progressive des lectures premières d’oeuvres littéraires ?
Notre proposition apportera quelques réponses à ces questions en analysant des données collectées sur des forums et des blogues scolaires ouverts pour des lycéens en 2011 et 2012 et dédiés à la lecture de textes littéraires. Dans ces situations exigeantes, les élèves doivent donner, par écrit, une forme scolairement acceptable à leurs interprétations alors même qu’elles se cherchent. Les enseignants tentent d’orienter cet effort, en intervenant en ligne. Nous examinerons d’abord l’évolution des « posts » en « textes de lecture ». Dans « Le roman de la lecture », Alain Trouvé (2004) désigne ainsi les « textes d’élucidation » d’une lecture littéraire, dans lesquels « émotions et affects interfèrent avec les jeux de l’esprit » (p.13). Nous analyserons ensuite les gestes professionnels des enseignants. Nous repèrerons enfin la manière dont élèves et professeurs envisagent la visibilité que ces situations de communication confèrent aux lectures subjectives.
RÔLES ET FONCTIONS (ADJUVANTS OU OPPOSANTS) DE L’ILLUSTRATION DANS LES MANUELS D’APPRENTISSAGE DE LA LECTURE AU COURS PRÉPARATOIRE FRANÇAIS
Authors: Maisonneuve Luc 
Published: June 2018

À partir d’un corpus d’exemples emblématiques, je me propose ici d’analyser quelques-unes des relations entre les textes et les illustrations dans les manuels d’apprentissage de la lecture. En effet, si de nombreuses études sur ces relations sont disponibles pour les albums dits de jeunesse, il n’en est pas de même pour les manuels scolaires. Or, ces derniers offrent depuis longtemps des hybridations de textes et d’illustrations. Dans un premier temps, à partir de la présentation d’une part des travaux de Moles (1978) et Klinkenberg (2008) et d’autre part d’une typologie reposant sur les relations de redondance, de contrepoint et de complémentarité, je montrerai quelles informations textuelles sont prioritairement prises en charge par les textes, d’une part, et par les illustrations, d’autre part. Un partage s’effectue entre narration et description, particularisation et généralisation. Dans un second temps, j’étudierai les systèmes de valeurs prônés ou repoussés par les manuels pris en exemples au travers de la représentation figurative des ensembles textes/images. Enfin, dans un troisième et dernier temps, je présenterai rapidement un « double » modèle de la compréhension/interprétation des textes en cours d’élaboration.
Starch biotransformation into isomaltooligosaccharides using thermostable alpha-glucosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Chen Peng , Xu Ruixiang , Wang Jianhui , Wu Zhengrong , Yan Lei , Zhao Wenbin , Liu Yuheng , Ma Wantong , Shi Xiaofeng , Li Hongyu 
Published: June 2018

The present study first identified the biotransformation of starch as a novel preparation method was investigated using the alpha-transglucosidase-producing Geobacillus stearothermophilus U2. Subsequently, 5 L- and 20 L-scale fermentations were performed. After isolation and purification, liquid alpha-glucosidase preparations were obtained. Through covalent cross-linking and adsorption cross-linking using chitosan as the carrier and glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent, the conditions for immobilization of alpha-glucosidase on chitosan were determined. Moreover, Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) were then prepared using chitosan membrane-immobilized alpha-glucosidase, beta-amylase, pullulanase, fungal alpha-amylase and starch as substrate. The mixed syrup that contained IMOs was evaluated and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, small-scale preparation of IMOs was performed. These results are a strong indication that the alpha-transglucosidase-producing G. stearothermophilus as a potential application technique can be successfully used to prepare industrial IMOs.
Site‐Selective C‐H Fluorination of Pyridines and Diazines with

AgF
2
Authors: Fier$ Patrick S. , Hartwig‡*1 John F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

A procedure that yields
2‐fluoro‐6‐phenylpyridine
as a colorless oil is presented. Color change through the course of reaction is observed. Flash chromatography on silica gel is performed to purify the crude material to afford the product. Following the procedure are notes on the instruments and chemicals used and required. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the general concepts regarding preparation of fluorinated compounds.
Buta‐2,3‐dien‐1‐ol
Authors: Luoa Hongwen , Mab Dengke , Ma1*b,c Shengming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA procedure yieldingbuta‐2,3‐dien‐1‐olas mainly a colorless oil is presented. An oven‐dried, four‐necked round‐bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, two septa, and a thermocouple is placed in a heating mantle. CuI, paraformaldehyde, and THF are added and stirred. The chapter concludes with a discussion on buta‐2,3‐dien‐1‐ol as the most simple allenol.
Amphiphilic Graphene Quantum Dots as Self‐Targeted Fluorescence Probes for Cell Nucleus Imaging
Authors: Wang Liang , Wu Bin , Li Weitao , Wang Shilong , Li Zhen , Li Ming , Pan Dengyu , Wu Minghong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, a one‐step solvothermal strategy to synthesize amphiphilic, highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as nucleus‐targeted fluorescence probes is reported. The edge‐functionalization of GQDs with N and Cl ligands renders them amphiphilic and positive charged for boosting membrane crossing and histone binding in the nuclei. The fluorescent properties of the GQDs can be markedly enhanced by Cl doping, and thus their fluorescence quantum yield is raised to 30% under optimized Cl doping. The self‐targeted GQDs exhibit multicolor cell imaging capability for visualization of fine architectures of the nucleus such as the nuclear envelope and nucleoli, which can be associated with their distinct surface features like amphiphilicity and high positive charge. These findings serve as a simple nuclear targeting strategy for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Considerations for the Uptake Characteristic of Inorganic Nanoparticles into Mammalian Cells—Insights Gained by TEM Investigations
Authors: Reifarth Martin , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoeppener Stephanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe internalization of nanoparticles into mammalian cells relies on a complex interplay of several parameters, which enable and dictate uptake and fate of nanoparticles in the cellular system. Due to the complexity of the involved processes, a careful experimental design has to be developed to elucidate peculiarities of the uptake processes of new nanoparticle systems into cells. Individual parameters can be hardly considered alone but have to be carefully evaluated, as striking alterations of the particle internalization and fate might be induced. In this review, essential parameters are summarized and illustrative examples are presented demonstrating the consequences of the different parameters. Special focus is placed in this context on studies, which utilize transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to elucidate the particles’ impact on the cells and to verify the nanoparticle uptake, localization as well as their effect on the cellular environment. Even though TEM is only one representative of a large number of very valuable investigation tools, the exceptional value, in particular, in view of the high resolution capabilities of TEM investigations is demonstrated by the chosen examples.
Intracellular Self‐Assembly of Nanoprobes for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Hai Zijuan , Liang Gaolin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMolecular imaging can be roughly defined as the characterization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level. Nanoprobes (NPs) are advantageous over small molecular probes for molecular imaging in the amount of signaling molecule as well as signal intensity. Compared with ex situ self‐assembling strategies for NP fabrication, those intracellular intelligent self‐assembling strategies that use small molecules to prepare NPs in situ with amplified signals and longer retention time are more efficient and attractive. This review summarizes recent advances of intracellular self‐assembly of NPs for molecular imaging in five modalities (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, radionuclide imaging, optical imaging, and photoacoustic imaging). Moreover, using intracellular self‐assembly strategies to fabricate NPs in situ for multimodality imaging in the future is outlooked in this review.
Low Amplified Spontaneous Emission Threshold from Organic Dyes Based on Bis‐stilbene
Authors: Mamada Masashi , Fukunaga Toshiya , Bencheikh Fatima , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdvanced organic laser dyes exhibiting high solubility and bipolar behavior are developed based on a structure combining bis‐stilbene with carbazole (BSBCz). The materials show high photoluminescence quantum yields and large radiative rate constants in solutions, crystals, and blend and neat films. The introduction of alkyl groups significantly improves the solubility of BSBCz, and solution‐processed films of the alkyl‐substituted derivatives exhibit amplified spontaneous emission thresholds as low as 0.59 µJ cm−2, which is comparable to those of vacuum‐deposited BSBCz films. On the other hand, cyano‐substitution on BSBCz (BSBCz‐CN) increases electron‐accepting properties, resulting in a bathochromic shift of the emission wavelength and improved bipolar behavior. In a BSBCz‐CN‐doped film, a low ASE threshold of 0.63 µJ cm−2 is achieved, which is one of the lowest values for organic laser dyes with green emission. In addition, organic light‐emitting diodes based on BSBCz‐CN neat films exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 1.8% and could withstand injection of high current densities of up to 500 A cm−2 under pulse operation. These properties along with low excited‐state absorption cross sections make these materials an outstanding addition to the existing library of organic laser dyes, especially for consideration in electrically pumped lasers.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Emission by Adjusting the Guest–Host Interactions in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Yun , Yuan Yi , Shi Ying‐Li , Li Dan , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence materials can effectively achieve high efficiency by harvesting singlet and triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the choice of host material has a huge impact on the efficiency of the device, especially for the near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent material. In this contribution, a series of host materials are used to match the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, 3,4‐bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)acenaphtho[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐8,9‐dicarbonitrile (APDC‐DTPA), for fabricating NIR OLEDs. All the host materials have the higher triplet energy than that of APDC‐DTPA. As the organometallic compound of Zn(BTZ)2 has relatively stronger dipole moment, the electroluminescence spectral peak of doped device shows strong bathochromic shift exceeding 700 nm and changes with doping concentration. Finally, the extremely high external quantum efficiency of 7.8% (with 10 wt% of doping concentration) and 5.1% (with 20 wt% of doping concentration) are achieved with the emission peaks of 710 and 728 nm, respectively, which are superior to that of the device based on the other host materials. The approach is feasible to achieve bathochromic shift and highly efficient fluorescent OLEDs.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Porous Structures for Engineering Advanced Functional Inorganic Materials
Authors: Diab Mahmud , Mokari Taleb 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTremendous efforts have been directed at designing functional and well‐defined 3D structures in recent decades. Many approaches have been devised and are currently used to create 3D structures, including lithography, 3D printing, assembly, and template‐mediated (natural or synthetic) methods. Natural scaffolds offer some unique traits, as compared to their artificial counterparts, presenting highly ordered, porous, identical, abundant, and diverse structures. Various organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, diatoms, foraminifera, and others, are used as templates to form 3D structures. Herein, advancements made in using the shell of marine microorganisms, diatoms, and foraminifera, as scaffolds for designing functional 3D structures are reported. Furthermore, a succinct overview of various synthetic methods used to coat these scaffolds with inorganic materials (i.e., metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides) is provided. Finally, the use of such fabricated functional 3D structures in a wide range of applications, such as catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, photo‐electrochemical uses, batteries, and others, is considered.
Creating Multiple Parallel Internal Phase Junctions on ZnS Nanoparticles as Highly Active Catalytic Sites
Authors: Liu Wei , Ha Enna , Wang Luyang , Hu Liangsheng , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSemiconductors based on earth‐abundant elements such as ZnS are economic materials for energy conversion but are often limited by their light absorption property and fast charge recombination. Herein, a solvothermal preparation of ZnS nanocrystals with multiple internal phase junctions (MIPs) of alternating wurtzite and sphalerite phases, which exhibit dramatically enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate (6.9 mmol g−1 h−1) under simulated sunlight is reported. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates zinc atoms of different electronic environments on the surface of ZnS. The MIP‐rich ZnS has substantially lower overpotential for electrocatalytic HER, probably due to the synergistic effect of easier H+ adsorption and enhanced H2 desorption on the active sites. This work paves a new route of reforming nanomaterials to acquire intrinsically enhanced catalytic properties for energy conversion applications.
Coercivity Modulation in Fe–Cu Pseudo‐Ordered Porous Thin Films Controlled by an Applied Voltage: A Sustainable, Energy‐Efficient Approach to Magnetoelectrically Driven Materials
Authors: Dislaki Evangelia , Robbennolt Shauna , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Nogués Josep , Pellicer Eva , Sort Jordi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFe–Cu films with pseudo‐ordered, hierarchical porosity are prepared by a simple, two‐step procedure that combines colloidal templating (using sub‐micrometer‐sized polystyrene spheres) with electrodeposition. The porosity degree of these films, estimated by ellipsometry measurements, is as high as 65%. The resulting magnetic properties can be controlled at room temperature using an applied electric field generated through an electric double layer in an anhydrous electrolyte. This material shows a remarkable 25% voltage‐driven coercivity reduction upon application of negative voltages, with excellent reversibility when a positive voltage is applied, and a short recovery time. The pronounced reduction of coercivity is mainly ascribed to electrostatic charge accumulation at the surface of the porous alloy, which occurs over a large fraction of the electrodeposited material due to its high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio. The emergence of a hierarchical porosity is found to be crucial because it promotes the infiltration of the electrolyte into the structure of the film. The observed effects make this material a promising candidate to boost energy efficiency in magnetoelectrically actuated devices.
Methodologies toward Efficient and Stable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Nam Jae Keun , Chun Do Hyung , Rhee Ryan Joon Kyu , Lee Jung Hwan , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to replace thermally vulnerable organic perovskites, considerable research effort has recently been focused on the development of all‐inorganic perovskites in the field of photovoltaics. The preceding studies demonstrated that cesium lead halide perovskites are promising candidates for thermally stable and efficient solar cell materials. Here, the recent progress in cesium lead halide perovskite‐based solar cells is summarized. Whether organic cations are essential for the superiority of halide perovskites is controversial. However, more than 13% efficient solar cells have been successfully fabricated by employing cesium lead halide perovskites in a short amount of time. The state‐of‐the‐art materials engineering techniques will help to achieve a remarkable photovoltaic performance comparable to that of organic perovskites. In addition, improved understanding of the intrinsic photophysical behaviors will provide new insights that will facilitate further improvements in solar cell applications.
Ground‐State Structure of the Proton‐Bound Formate Dimer by Cold‐Ion Infrared Action Spectroscopy
Authors: Thomas Daniel A. , Marianski Mateusz , Mucha Eike , Meijer Gerard , Johnson Mark A. , von Helden Gert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe proton‐bound dicarboxylate motif, RCOO−⋅H+⋅−OOCR, is a prevalent chemical configuration found in many condensed‐phase systems. The proton‐bound formate dimer HCOO−⋅H+⋅−OOCH was studied utilizing cold‐ion IR action spectroscopy in the range 400–1800 cm−1. The spectrum obtained at ca. 0.4 K of ions captured in He nanodroplets was compared to that measured at ca. 10 K by photodissociation of Ar‐ion complexes. Similar band patterns are obtained by the two techniques that are consistent with calculations for a C2 symmetry structure with a proton shared equally between the two formate moieties. Isotopic substitution experiments point to the nominal parallel stretch of the bridging proton appearing as a sharp, dominant feature near 600 cm−1. Multidimensional anharmonic calculations reveal that the bridging proton motion is strongly coupled to the flanking −COO− framework, an effect that is in line with the expected change in −C=O bond rehybridization upon protonation.
Outstanding Methane Oxidation Performance of Palladium‐Embedded Ceria Catalysts Prepared by a One‐Step Dry Ball‐Milling Method
Authors: Danielis Maila , Colussi Sara , de Leitenburg Carla , Soler Lluís , Llorca Jordi , Trovarelli Alessandro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBy carefully mixing Pd metal nanoparticles with CeO2 polycrystalline powder under dry conditions, an unpredicted arrangement of the Pd‐O‐Ce interface is obtained in which an amorphous shell containing palladium species dissolved in ceria is covering a core of CeO2 particles. The robust contact that is generated at the nanoscale, along with mechanical forces generated during mixing, promotes the redox exchange between Pd and CeO2 and creates highly reactive and stable sites constituted by PdOx embedded into CeO2 surface layers. This specific arrangement outperforms conventional Pd/CeO2 reference catalysts in methane oxidation by lowering light‐off temperature by more than 50°C and boosting the reaction rate. The origin of the outstanding activity is traced to the structural properties of the interface, modified at the nanoscale by mechanochemical interaction.