bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding and self-transcendence in healthy control subjects—a replication study using Bayesian hypothesis testing
Authors: Griffioen Gina , Matheson Granville J. , Cervenka Simon , Farde Lars , Borg Jacqueline 
Published: November 2018

Objective
A putative relationship between markers for the serotonin system and the personality scale self-transcendence (ST) and its subscale spiritual acceptance (SA) has been demonstrated in a previous PET study of 5-HT1A receptor binding in healthy control subjects. The results could however not be replicated in a subsequent PET study at an independent centre. In this study, we performed a replication of our original study in a larger sample using Bayesian hypothesis testing to evaluate relative evidence both for and against this hypothesis.

Methods
Regional 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BPND) was examined in 50 healthy male subjects using PET with the radioligand [11C]WAY100635. 5-HT1Aavailability was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) yielding regional BPND. ST and SA were measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) questionnaire. Correlations between ST/SA scores and 5-HT1ABPND in frontal cortex, hippocampus and raphe nuclei were examined by calculation of default correlation Bayes factors (BFs) and replication BFs.

Results
There were no significant correlations between 5-HT1A receptor binding and ST/SA scores. Rather, five of six replication BFs provided moderate to strong evidence for no association between 5-HT1A availability and ST/SA, while the remaining BF provided only weak evidence.

Conclusion
We could not replicate our previous findings of an association between 5-HT1A availability and the personality trait ST/SA. Rather, the Bayesian analysis provided evidence for a lack of correlation. Further research should focus on whether other components of the serotonin system may be related to ST or SA. This study also illustrates how Bayesian hypothesis testing allows for greater flexibility and more informative conclusions than traditional p-values, suggesting that this approach may be advantageous for analysis of molecular imaging data.
Pirin: a potential novel therapeutic target for castration‐resistant prostate cancer regulated by miR‐455‐5p
Authors: Arai Takayuki , Kojima Satoko , Yamada Yasutaka , Sugawara Sho , Kato Mayuko , Yamazaki Kazuto , Naya Yukio , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Seki Naohiko 
Published: November 2018

Androgen deprivation therapy is frequently used to treat prostate cancer (PCa), but resistance can occur, a condition known as castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Thus, novel approaches for identification of CRPC are important for designing effective PCa treatments. Analysis of microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures by RNA sequencing showed that both passenger and guide strands of the miR‐455‐duplex (miR‐455‐5p and miR‐455‐3p, respectively) acted as antitumor miRNAs in PCa cells. The involvement of miRNA passenger strands in cancer pathogenesis is a novel concept for miRNA functionality. Based on a large patient cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas, expression of eight miR‐455‐5p/‐3p target genes (PIR: P = 0.0137, LRP8: P = 0.0495, IGFBP3: P = 0.0172, DMBX1: P = 0.0175, CCDC64: P = 0.0446, TUBB1: P = 0.0149, KIF21B: P = 0.0336, and NFAM1: P = 0.0013) was significantly associated with poor prognosis of PCa patients. Here, we focused on PIR (pirin), a highly conserved member of the cupin superfamily. PIR expression was directly regulated by miR‐455‐5p, and PIR overexpression was detected in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) surgical specimens and CRPC autopsy specimens. Loss‐of‐function assays using siRNA or an inhibitor (bisamide) showed that downregulation of PIR expression blocked cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the miR‐455‐5p/PIR axis contributed to cancer cell aggressiveness. These results suggest that PIR might be a promising diagnostic marker for HSPC and CRPC. Furthermore, CRPC treatment strategies targeting PIR may be possible in the future. Identification of antitumor miRNAs, including miRNA passenger strands, may contribute to the development of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for CRPC.
AGPsThrough Time and Space
Authors: Ma Yingxuan , Zeng Wei , Bacic Antony , Johnson Kim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe enigmatic arabinogalactan‐proteins (AGPs) have fascinated and challenged researchers for decades. In the 1960s, AGPs were being readily extracted from a large number of species due to their water solubility. At the time, research was focused on the carbohydrate component and the existence of protein core was largely unknown. The association of glycans with hydroxyproline‐containing proteins was alluded to as early as 1965, and nearly 10 years later an arabinogalactan‐peptide from wheat was isolated that conclusively showed the covalent association of protein and glycans. A further 50 years of research has provided insight into the diversity of the protein backbones and glycan structures; their presence across evolutionary ‘time’ and the ‘space’ they occupy at the plasma membrane‐cell wall interface that, combined with tissue specificity, can have important signalling functions. This article highlights recent developments that are enabling insights into the evolution, biological roles, and molecular mechanisms of this diverse family.
Field Phenotyping for the Future
Authors: Atkinson Jonathan A. , Jackson Robert J. , Bentley Alison R. , Ober Eric , Wells Darren M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlobal agricultural production has to double by 2050 to meet the demands of an increasing population and the challenges of a changing climate. Plant phenomics (the characterisation of the full set of phenotypes of a given species) has been proposed as a solution to relieve the ‘phenotyping bottleneck’ between functional genomics and plant breeding studies. In this article, we survey current approaches and describe recent technological and methodological advances for phenotyping under field conditions and discuss the prospects for these emerging technologies in addressing the challenges of future plant research.
Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Materials for Hydrazine Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe key in designing efficient direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs), which can offer some solutions to society's grand challenges associated with sustainability and energy future, currently lies in the development of cost‐effective electrocatalysts. Among the many types of fuel cells, direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs) are of particular interest, especially due to their high theoretical cell voltages and clean emission. However, DHFCs currently use noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts, and the scarcity and high cost of noble metals are hindering these fuel cells from finding large‐scale practical applications. In order to replace noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts with sustainable ones and help DHFCs become widely usable, great efforts are being made to develop stable heteroatom (e.g., B, N, O, P and S)‐doped carbon electrocatalysts, the activities of which are comparable to, or better than, those of noble metals. Here, the recent research progress and the advancements made on the development of heteroatom‐doped carbon materials, their general properties, their electrocatalytic activities toward the HzOR, and their dopant‐ and structure‐related electrocatalytic properties for the HzOR are summarized. Perspectives on the different directions that the research endeavors in this field need to take in the future and the challenges associated with DHFCs are included.
Adhesion‐Free Thin‐Film‐Like Curvature Sensors Integrated on Flexible and Wearable Electronics for Monitoring Bending of Joints and Various Body Gestures
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhao Hongyu , Li Shuang , Hu Jianqiao , Zheng Xinran , Li Rui , Chen Yuli , Su Yewang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible and wearable electronics integrated with various sensors have great potential for applications in monitoring human activities and personal health. Bending and tension/compression dominate the deformation modes yielded by flexure of joints and diverse body gestures. A key challenge now is to sense the curvature/bending angle, while much research has been focused on the strain sensors for tension/compression. Alternative approaches by strain sensors or noncontact optical methods for curvature sensing are not practical for wearable electronics. A novel adhesion‐free thin‐film‐like curvature sensor that can monitor bending activities is introduced for flexible and wearable electronics. This study presents comprehensive design, fabrication, mechanism, structural analysis, performance characterization, and device‐level demonstrations for bending of joints, gesture recognition, and real‐time sitting posture correction. The most prominent advantage of the present sensor is that the measurement is independent of the strain of the target surface and the interfacial slippage, thus the perfect adhesion between the sensor and the surface is unnecessary. The features of adhesion‐free, simple mechanical principle, low cost, and satisfactory monitoring results highlight the superiority of the present curvature sensors for practical applications to flexible and wearable electronics.
Surgeon peer network characteristics and adoption of new imaging techniques in breast cancer: A study of perioperative MRI
Authors: Tannenbaum Sara S. , Soulos Pamela R. , Herrin Jeph , Pollack Craig E. , Xu Xiao , Christakis Nicholas A. , Forman Howard P. , Yu James B. , Killelea Brigid K. , Wang Shi‐Yi , Gross Cary P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative MRI has disseminated into breast cancer practice despite equivocal evidence. We used a novel social network approach to assess the relationship between the characteristics of surgeons’ patient‐sharing networks and subsequent use of MRI.MethodsWe identified a cohort of female patients with stage 0‐III breast cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database. We used claims data from these patients and non‐cancer patients from the 5% Medicare sample to identify peer groups of physicians who shared patients during 2004‐2006 (T1). We used a multivariable hierarchical model to identify peer group characteristics associated with uptake of MRI in T2 (2007‐2009) by surgeons who had not used MRI in T1.ResultsOur T1 sample included 15 149 patients with breast cancer, treated by 2439 surgeons in 390 physician groups. During T1, 9.1% of patients received an MRI; the use of MRI varied from 0% to 100% (IQR 0%, 8.5%) across peer groups. After adjusting for clinical characteristics, patients treated by surgeons in groups with a higher proportion of primary care physicians (PCPs) in T1 were less likely to receive MRI in T2 (OR = 0.81 for 10% increase in PCPs, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.93). Surgeon transitivity (ie, clustering of surgeons) was significantly associated with MRI receipt (P = 0.013); patients whose surgeons were in groups with higher transitivity in T1 were more likely to receive MRI in T2 (OR = 1.29 for 10% increase in clustering, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.58).ConclusionThe characteristics of a surgeon's peer network are associated with their patients’ subsequent receipt of perioperative MRI.
Estimation of total electricity consumption curves by sampling in a finite population when some trajectories are partially unobserved
Authors: Cardot Hervé , De Moliner Anne , Goga Camelia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMillions of smart meters that are able to collect individual load curves, that is, electricity consumption time series, of residential and business customers at fine scale time grids are now deployed by electricity companies all around the world. It may be complex and costly to transmit and exploit such a large quantity of information, therefore it can be relevant to use survey sampling techniques to estimate mean load curves of specific groups of customers. Data collection, like every mass process, may undergo technical problems at every point of the metering and collection chain resulting in missing values. We consider imputation approaches (linear interpolation, kernel smoothing, nearest neighbours, principal analysis by conditional estimation) that take advantage of the specificities of the data, that is to say the strong relation between the consumption at different instants of time. The performances of these techniques are compared on a real example of Irish electricity load curves under various scenarios of missing data. A general variance approximation of total estimators is also given which encompasses nearest neighbours, kernel smoothers imputation and linear imputation methods. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 65–89; 2019 © 2018 Statistical Society of Canada
π‐Stacking Interactions of Graphene‐Coated Cobalt Magnetic Nanoparticles with Pyrene‐Tagged Dendritic Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
Authors: Folgado Enrique , Guerre Marc , Mimouni Nidhal , Collière Vincent , Bijani Christian , Moineau‐Chane Ching Kathleen , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Ladmiral Vincent , Améduri Bruno , Ouali Armelle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the non‐covalent coating of cobalt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) involving a graphene surface with pyrene‐tagged dendritic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Dendrimers bearing a pyrene moiety were selected to play the role of spacers between the graphene surface of the MNPs and the PVDF chains, the pyrene unit being expected to interact with the surface of the MNPs. The pyrene‐tagged dendritic spacer 11 decorated with ten acetylenic units was prepared and fully characterized. Azido‐functionalized PVDF chains were then grafted onto each branch of the dendrimer using Huisgen's [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. Next, the association of the resulting pyrene‐tagged dendritic PVDF 13 with commercially available Co/C MNPs by π‐stacking interactions was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Evaluated were the stability of the π‐stacking interactions when the temperature increased and the reversibility of the process when the temperature decreased. Also, hybrid MNPs were prepared from pyrene‐tagged dendrimers decorated either with acetylenic functions (11) or with PVDF branches (13), and they were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and comparative elemental analysis was carried out with naked MNPs.
The effects of diet and mating system on reproductive (and post‐reproductive) life span in a freshwater snail
Authors: Auld Josh R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe length of the reproductive life span, along with the number/frequency/magnitude of reproductive events, quantifies an individual's potential contribution to the next generation. By examining reproductive life span, and distinguishing it from somatic life span, we gain insight into critical aspects of an individual's potential fitness as well as reproductive and somatic senescence. Additionally, differentiating somatic and reproductive life spans can provide insight into the existence of a post‐reproductive period and factors that shape its duration. Given the known importance of diet and mating system on resource allocation, I reared individual freshwater snails (Physa acuta) from 22 full‐sib families under a 2 × 2 factorial design that crossed mate availability (available [outcrossing] or not [selfing]) and diet (Spirulina or lettuce) and quantified aspects of the entire life history enabling me to distinguish reproductive and somatic life spans, determine the total number of reproductive events, and evaluate how the reproductive rate changes with age. Overall, mated snails experienced shorter reproductive and somatic life spans; a diet of Spirulina also shortened both reproductive and somatic life spans. A post‐reproductive period existed in all conditions; its duration was proportional to somatic but not reproductive life span. I evaluate several hypotheses for the existence and duration of the post‐reproductive period, including a novel hypothesis that the post‐reproductive period may result from an increase in reproductive interval with age. I conclude that the post‐reproductive period may be indicative of a randomly timed death occurring as the interval between reproductive events continues to increase. As such, a “post‐reproductive” period can be viewed as a by‐product of a situation where reproductive senescence outpaces somatic senescence.
A patchy continuum? Stream processes show varied responses to patch‐ and continuum‐based analyses
Authors: Collins Sean E. , Matter Stephen F. , Buffam Ishi , Flotemersch Joseph E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany conceptual syntheses in ecology and evolution are undergirded by either a patch‐ or continuum‐based model. Examples include gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in evolution, and edge effects and the theory of island biogeography in ecology. In this study, we sought to determine how patch‐ or continuum‐based analyses could explain variation in concentrations of stream macronutrients and system metabolism, represented by measures of productivity and respiration rates, at the watershed scale across the Kanawha River Basin, USA. Using Strahler stream order (SSO; continuum) and functional process zone (FPZ; patch) as factors, we produced statistical models for each variable and compared model performance using likelihood ratio tests. Only one nutrient (i.e., ) responded better to patch‐based analysis. Both models were significantly better than a null model for ecosystem respiration; however, neither outperformed the other. Importantly, in most cases, a combination model, including both SSO and FPZ, best described observed variation in the system. Our findings suggest that several patch‐ and continuum‐based processes may simultaneously influence the concentration of macronutrients and system metabolism. Nutrient spiraling along a continuum and the patch mosaic of land cover may both alter macronutrients, for example. Similarly, increases in temperature and discharge associated with increasing SSO, as well as the differences in light availability and channel morphology associated with different FPZs, may influence system metabolism. For these reasons, we recommend a combination of patch‐ and continuum‐based analyses when modeling, analyzing, and interpreting patterns in stream ecosystem parameters.
Epifaunal diversity patterns within and among seagrass meadows suggest landscape‐scale biodiversity processes
Authors: Whippo Ross , Knight Nicole S. , Prentice Carolyn , Cristiani John , Siegle Matthew R. , O'Connor Mary I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoastal seascapes can support high animal diversity and secondary productivity that attracts conservation interest and provides ecosystem services. Though the importance of spatial structure in marine habitats is well known, determining the dominant spatial scale for biodiversity patterns is an often‐overlooked dimension of the ecological and conservation value of seagrass meadows. We estimated biodiversity patterns at fine (0.28 m2), meadow and seascape scales to explore whether seagrass‐associated biodiversity patterns are consistent with spatial processes such as abiotic habitat filtering or metacommunity dynamics in a northeast Pacific seascape. In Barkley Sound, British Columbia, we quantified epifaunal biodiversity on eelgrass (Zostera marina) to test three hypotheses: Taxonomic diversity and composition (1) vary randomly within meadows but (2) vary systematically among meadows reflecting meadow location or environmental conditions, and (3) spatial patterns are stable over time. We sampled epifaunal invertebrates in a systematic spatial grid within nine eelgrass meadows. We found that epifaunal community composition varied as much over a few meters within the same meadow as among meadows separated by kilometers and of different sizes and wave exposures. In each meadow, we observed less than three‐quarters of the species in the regional species pool, and we observed non‐random spatial aggregation within many species. Even with spatial turnover, assemblages were more similar than predicted by null models based on random species distributions, suggesting that some species tend to co‐occur in high abundance. These spatial biodiversity patterns were not clearly explained by meadow location, area, or abiotic conditions, except that there were differences in clusters of meadows distinguished by their salinity (more marine vs. more fresh). Our results indicate that effective conservation and understanding of how seagrass can support high biodiversity and ecosystem function may require consideration of spatial connections among meadows, and not just the condition of the meadows themselves.
Bayesian vector transmission model detects conflicting interactions from transgenic disease‐resistant grapevines
Authors: Zeilinger Adam R. , Turek Daniel , Cornara Daniele , Sicard Anne , Lindow Steven E. , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEffective management of vector‐borne plant pathogens often relies on disease‐resistant cultivars. While heterogeneity in host resistance and in pathogen population density at the host population level plays important and well‐recognized roles in epidemiology, the effects of resistance traits on pathogen distribution at the individual host level, and the epidemiological consequences in turn, are poorly understood. Transgenic disease‐resistant plants that produce bacterial diffusible signaling factor (DSF) could provide resistance to the vector‐borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa by impeding plant colonization and reducing virulence. However, the effects of constitutive in planta production of DSF on insect vector transmission have remained unresolved. We investigated the transmission biology of X. fastidiosa in DSF and wild‐type (WT) grapevines with the efficient vector Graphocephala atropunctata. We also developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical model to improve statistical inference on the multiple components of the vector transmission process. We found that insect vectors had a greater colonization efficiency on DSF plants—meaning they acquired a greater population size of X. fastidiosa—than on WT plants. However, DSF plants also maintained much lower X. fastidiosa populations. These apparently conflicting processes resulted in a lower but highly variable probability of transmission from DSF plants compared to WT plants. Our Bayesian model improved statistical inference compared to widely used frequentist statistics in part by estimating and correcting for imperfect detection of X. fastidiosa in plant and insect tissues. Overall, our results support current models on the roles that DSF plays in vector transmission of X. fastidiosa. In line with our hypothesis, DSF production reduced mean X. fastidiosa population density but increased heterogeneity within host plants. While DSF‐producing plants could potentially improve disease management, our results suggest that they could, under some conditions, facilitate X. fastidiosa spread.