bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of earth fill hydraulic dam with varying crest length and permeability to develop correlations
Authors: Khan Muhammad Israr , Wang Shuhong , Zhangze  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an earthen dam is analysed using different soil layers having different soil properties and dimensions. Normally a slope fail when the shear strength reduces from the minimum required value which keeps it stable. Internal erosion is the main cause which causes a dam to fail and it is mainly due seepage with time. A detail analysis of a predefined dam slope is performed in different layers to check the seepage variation as well as the factor of safety. Different soil layers and properties were used such that it is investigated from a fail condition to a complete stable condition. Limit equilibrium and finite element approaches are used. Correlations for factor of safety between these two approaches are also developed. These correlations and results could be used as guidelines in any dam or slope safety calculation.
Experimental study on tension-compression alternation of fully-graded concrete under cyclic loading
Authors: Li Chunlei , Zhong Hong , Wang Haibo , Tian Juntao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Considering the reciprocating effect of seismic load and the initial compressive stress level of high arch dam, a feasible test procedure is designed by using the 15MN large dynamic material testing machine and special connection devices. The tension-compression alternating test of fully-graded concrete specimens under cyclic loading of about 5MPa compressive stress level is carried out. By means of the VIC-3D non-contact full-field strain measurement system and high-precision axial extensometer, a complete tension-compression alternating stress-strain curve of fully-graded concrete under 5 MPa compressive stress level is obtained. Based on that the tension-compression damage evolution law for this whole process of fully-graded concrete is summarized, which provides data support for studying the damage evolution of arch dams under reciprocating seismic loads.
Effect of plastic carbon fiber-biofilm technology on landscape water purification
Authors: Yang Jinhui , Luo Yi , Dai Yanghong , Yang Bin , Wang Jinsong , lei Zengjiang , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, a new type of plastic carbon fiber filler was applied to biofilm technology. The optimum purification conditions for eutrophic landscape water were discussed by controlling the filling amount, aeration volume and pollutant concentration. The activated sludge from the sewage treatment plant is used for aeration and filming to explore the effect of the filler on the purification effect of the landscape water body. Studies have shown that the composite filler has a good removal effect on CODcr, TN and TP in eutrophic water, and is a highly efficient new water treatment material.
Seismic Performance and Recommendation of Structural Intervention on Masonry Heritage Clock Towers: Representative Examples in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Causevic Amir , Aksamija Lemja , Rustempasic Nerman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with selected examples of clock towers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing high masonry heritage buildings made of stone, and explains the approach used in their preservation and restoration. The aim of this paper is to present a specific method of conservation used on stone structures. Three clock towers from Bosnia and Herzegovina were selected as representative examples: Sarajevo Clock Tower from the 16th century is an example of well-preserved building; The Clock Tower in Gradačac, the youngest building of this type in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is in poor structural conditions and in danger of collapsing; The Clock Tower in Banja Luka, the first clock tower in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was demolished in 1993 but the reconstruction project is planned for the current year. This paper addresses the structural properties of masonry clock tower from the Ottoman period, with special attention to preservation, analysis and strengthening. These tasks are still a challenge for masonry practitioners even if significant advances in research have been made in the last decades. The dynamic behavior of the historical buildings is usually analyzed to design repair intervention solutions and retrofitting. The structural behavior is analyzed using FEM modeling to examine how far the structural defects endanger the stability of the tower. The soil properties problem under the tower has been considered. Simplified yet effective procedures have been used as well. Results of the analysis have confirmed insufficient performance of the structure under horizontal action and the need for improvement.
Wood - Polymer Composites as an Alternative to the Natural Environment
Authors: Stanaszek-Tomal Elzbieta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Along with the growing consumption of wooden and wood-based products, the amount of waste generated during both production and consumption of these products increases. These wastes constitute a rich raw material base, the appropriate use of which can significantly reduce the use of natural wood raw material. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of them, especially of post-use and wood-based origin, end up in landfills. It seems necessary to find ways to use the generated waste. One of them is to use them in the form of strengthening polymer-wood composites. Composites with a wood filler can be a competitive product for materials with an inorganic filler. The wood filler is characterized by lower cost, higher availability and definitely lower density than glass fibers. An additional advantage of composites with wood fiber is their easy recycling and a smaller amount of waste products remaining after combustion. The use of a polymer matrix provides flexibility to the composite and has a positive effect on the ability of the material to stretch under the influence of temperature. The main advantage of the matrix in the form of a polymer is also to provide the product with resistance to the effects of the external environment, especially moisture and water. The main centers for the production of polymeric and wood composites are North America and Europe. Mainly floor, wall and roof platings are created. In addition, they are used as fences, windows and doors as well as additional equipment for platforms, landscape architecture, floor materials and panels.
Water in the Architectural and Urban Planning Assumptions of Częstochowa
Authors: Tubielewicz-Michalczuk Malwina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Emerging trends in architecture and urban planning in the last decades concern the use of water as an important element creating both the image of the city, the environment and the landscape. The subject of the research is the analysis of ways of shaping contemporary public spaces on the example of water in the city and the nearest surroundings. The aim of the article is to show its impact on shaping urban development, natural and cultural environment. The subject of the publication is a systematically done research concerning architecture, architectural and landscape space of the area located above the Warta River flowing through Częstochowa as well as fountains and water reservoirs newly built in the city. The article discusses innovative solutions aimed at connecting the river and water objects of small architecture with innovative solutions of architectural designs of urban buildings created for people and friendly to the environment in which they reside.
Ecological City – Types of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Poland: The Influence of Technology on Space
Authors: Wojtowicz-Wrobel Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Newly designed structures that provide technical services to cities gain new spatial forms. In terms of their functional and spatial structure they often also fulfil new, additional functions. This is possible thanks to, among other things, new technical and technological solutions. A departure from the typical approach based on merely associating engineering structures with an envelope of technical solutions of sorts, without care for architectural form, detail or site development, brings positive effects in terms of spatial relationships. In the case of pro-environmental structures this also has a functional dimension—oftentimes these structures start fulfilling additional functions, e.g. as a part of ecological education. Simultaneously, we can observe that some structures that provide the engineering infrastructure to the city gain a new architectural form, new site development of the space that surrounds them or are being equipped with new, additional functions, more frequently than others. Without a doubt, influence on which structures are being transformed in accordance with the abovementioned directions, and which remain on the sidelines of new spatial, architectural and functional solution, is exerted by the primary function of the structure—which is in itself obvious. However, within the group of structures with the same functions we can also observe significant differences. One example of this are wastewater treatment and water purification plants. The goal of this article is to find the answer to the following questions: is the form of a structure and its site development determined by various types of technological solutions in wastewater treatment and water purification plants—and if so, then in what manner? Furthermore, do differences in technology have an impact on the immediate surroundings of the plants and—on a wider scale—on the space of the city? The results of the study will advance knowledge concerning the dependencies between technological solutions and architectural form, as well as spatial relations within the functional and spatial structure of cities.
Experiential Learning for Seismic Protection Using Living Lab Approach in Romania
Authors: Dobre Daniela , Sorin Dragomir Claudiu , Georgescu Emil-Sever 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the research: The paper is going to present the role of seismic areas as living labs/natural laboratories for studying the behavior of buildings and of people and establishing a relationship between a research, a training-education and a knowledge dissemination. The results materialized by experiential actions to reduce negative impacts of disasters are highlighted. Methodology: Engineering learning from earthquakes, based on a long-term seismic culture, became a continuous activity based on field observation, since more than a century. On the other hand, creating earthquake disaster prevention awareness and disaster preparedness can be achieved nowadays by education and active learning addressed to all levels of population, from elder generations to the younger ones, and from usual people to the representatives of authorities. The link between these two approaches is becoming more and more necessary in the context of high local seismicity: investigating the behavior of people, while using emerging technologies (computer-generated imagery, immersive virtual reality etc.), to obtain an active individual attitude. The general concept of awareness and preparedness trends evolved. To deal with earthquake-related situations, people are taught to take measures to prevent severe earthquakes effects, but we must take a step forward to get closer to the system that includes: research knowledge, innovation, GIS and specialized software, and more importantly, the access to all of these, through public and private involvement. Conclusions: The Vrancea seismic zone of Romania, as a natural laboratory, involves us with knowledge and individual perception and attitudes and we have time for improved engineering codes, exploring and experiencing some new learning modalities, refining new policies and regulations from this field, new scenarios for implementation of disaster measures.
Fire Performance of the Thermo Insulant Facade Systems of the Buildings
Authors: Simion Adrian , Dobre Daniela , Sorin Dragomir Claudiu , Anghel Ion 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research: The large-scale use of the external cladding systems with polystyrene thermal insulation, for rehabilitation of existing and new buildings, requires the experimental determination of the fire performance of these thermal insulating systems, both as wholes, and from the materials point of view, which they are constituted from. This study aims to present the evaluation of the fire performance of some polystyrene thermosystems and of the elements that make up these systems. Methodology: Experimental tests are carried out related to the fire behavior of polystyrene thermal insulation systems used in building renovation, in order to determine the mechanisms of flames initiation and propagation on the surface of combustible facades under natural ventilation conditions, the behavior of thermosystems in different fires scenarios and determining the fire performance of the constituent elements of these thermosystems. As a result of the performed tests, it was found that the overall performance of the thermal system against the fire action during the testing was mainly influenced by the value of the thermal load density parameter, and by the way the thermosystem is built and put into operation. The contribution of the components of the thermal system to the ignition, burning, development and propagation of flames and smoke differed on a case-by-case basis, depending on the materials used to cover the polystyrene, and the time elapsed, since they were put into operation. In the direct fire area of the fire test, temperatures above 1000 ° C have been recorded that have led, in some cases, to complete damage to the thermosystem. It is intended to establish a concordance between the parameters resulting from the tests on the facades of buildings, and those measured during the fire reaction tests of the elements which the facades were made from. This highlights the need to introduce the requirement of performing fire performance tests for building façade systems, following a harmonized testing methodology across the European Union.
Traditional wooden houses in Maringá (Brazil): ICT in planning research
Authors: Nakamura-Gonino Camila , Virtudes Ana , Silva Ricardo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In many cities, the examples of traditional architecture are being replaced by contemporary buildings, without any strategies in order to preserve a specific period of the urban and housing histories. These legacies are witnesses of particular features in terms of local communities, societies, political environments, urban morphologies or architectural languages. In this sense, this article presents the case study of the traditional wooden houses in the city of Maringá in Paraná (Brazil). There is a set of buildings which still remain among the existing urban fabric. However, every year some of them are destroyed in order to give room for new ways of designing the city. The methodological approach is based on the ICT (information and communication technologies) as a tool to study the features of these traditional wooden buildings.
Bicycle Solutions in Mountain Cities: CycloCable® in Trondheim-Norway
Authors: Matias Isabel , Virtudes Ana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the rising of soft mobility strategies among to the decision-makers regarding the city policies, the urban designers are developing new ways of improving the bicycles using solutions considering the urban spaces. In the particular case of the mountain cities, the bicycle is still seen as a problematic way of transportation, requiring deep transformations of the urban fabric features. This paper presents the case study of the Norwegian city of Trondheim, well-known by its hills, which is an enormous success in terms of bicycle solutions not only among the locals but also among the visitors. The system is called CycloCable® and it is the first cycle lift for collective transportation which aims to help cyclists, who wish to move more easily, to overcome the sleepiest slopes in urban areas. The methodological approach is based on the literature review, in order to identify the characteristics of this system, which could be used in other mountain cities with similar features of the urban fabric.
Access to Transport Services and Participation in Traffic for People with Mental Health Diseases – Challenges to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to provide an overall inclusive Transportation System
Authors: Hauger Georg , Angelini Alessandra , Nagler Matthias , Rohsner Ulli , Dominko Christian , Schlembach Christopher 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Engineers and planners are always jointly responsible for the usability of their interventions. In the transport sector, universal design is a planning imperative to ensure that all user groups participate equally in traffic. Usually, only physical impairments are in the foreground. However, there is an ever-increasing group of people with psychological impairments. Mental health diseases, especially phobias, anxiety, and compulsory disorders, are one of the most prevalent diseases in industrial countries – one-year prevalence rates are estimated at 10 up to 15%. Although rules, regulations, policies and action plans have been established to create an overall inclusive transportation system, the needs of people with mental impairments are mostly not considered. At the same time, participation in traffic is important for people with mental impairments to satisfy their daily needs and to reach therapeutic institutions. In addition, social interaction and the mastery of every-day tasks strengthens self-confidence and supports the healing process. Not least for that reason, the UN SDGs have been formulated. By conducting an exploratory study, the behaviour and needs of people with phobias, anxiety and compulsory disorders and the effects on their participation in traffic were explored. The paper shows general aspects concerning the traffic behaviour of people affected in the course of the disease. Furthermore, different forms of mobility barriers for people with phobias, anxiety and compulsory disorders were identified, distinguishing between infrastructural barriers, social barriers and organisational barriers. As a result, several approaches to support the participation in traffic of people with phobias, anxiety and compulsory disorders, based on coping strategies used by the target group, are mentioned. In addition, the paper identifies potential future challenges in context with mobility trends, concerning the accessibility of the transportation system for affected people, as well as further research needs.
Estimations of Radiative Heat Transfers in Enclosures
Authors: Ficker Tomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In large closed spaces of buildings, the heat radiation dominates over the other two transfer mechanisms, i.e. over conduction and convection. This fact may be easily illustrated on the basis of the Stefan-Boltzmann law, Fourier’s law and convective correlations of Nusselt’s number. For this reason, when the computations of heat losses of buildings are performed, the radiative heat transfers running between inner sources of heat and inner surfaces of walls should not be overlooked. This conference contribution is devoted to such problems. In the preceding two conference contributions called “Radiative Heat Transfer in Buildings” and “Radiosity Model and Compensation Theorem”, a general model for radiative heat transfer in inner spaces of buildings has been developed and completed by the compensation theorem. This theorem mirrors the basic property of closed building envelopes stating that the total radiative heat flow in a closed envelope is zero. The present conference contribution thematically continues the preceding two contributions and applies their theoretical results to the case of radiative heat flows established within a living room consisting of 6 different grey interior surfaces. The surfaces mutually differ in temperatures and emissivities. Such an arrangement represents a real room without too much simplification. The corresponding matrix of view factors has 36 elements determined on the basis of formulae and graphs published in the technical literature. The system of 6 equations determines the 6 values of radiosities belonging to 6 interior surfaces. The radiosities represent auxiliary values that facilitate finding the heat fluxes and heat flows associated with each inner surface of the room. The sum of all the obtained positive and negative values of the heat flows has resulted in zero value which documents validity of the compensation theorem also in this complicated enclosure consisting of 6 thermodynamically different surfaces.
Light Clay and Straw Bale-Based Building Technologies
Authors: Drozd Wojciech , Kowalik Marcin , Harasymiuk Jolanta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article deals with issues related to light clay and straw bale in modern housing. It presents the characteristics of clay and straw, as building materials. Attention is paid to the possibility of using these raw materials for building walls in single-family houses. In addition, the paper presents a thermal analysis for this type of walls and the resulting conclusions, which allow for the treatment of straw bale and light clay as a viable alternative to commonly used technologies for erecting buildings. According to the PN-EN ISO 6946: 2008 standard, thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient were calculated for selected vertical partitions. Other natural building technologies have been omitted.
Green-blue Infrastructure in Multi-storey Residential Area
Authors: Ile Una , Ziemelniece Aija 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Multi-storey residential areas in Latvia and their living outdoor space built in the 21st century form inadequate conditions in some of the investigated areas in the relation to the modern development trends in context of Scandinavian countries. The present research analysed the blue-green infrastructure by means of the selected criteria which determine the nature of the living outdoor space and its potential for use. The theoretical assumptions of blue-green infrastructure in the context of the Scandinavian countries were examined, and functional design of residential block of flats, use of greenery, water resource potential, socio-economic aspects, environmental accessibility solutions, transport areas and visual aesthetic quality indicators were analysed. The authors compared and analysed 27 living outdoor spaces in the multi-storey residential areas in Rīga, Mārupe, Baloži, Jūrmala and Ozolnieki. The results are obtained from the analysis of the designed matrix for the research purposes on the basis of the previously examined areas in Copenhagen and Roskilde (Denmark), Oslo and Arendal (Norway), Stockholm and Malmö (Sweden) in the time period from 2011 – 2018 and the investigated residential blocks of flats in Rīga, Mārupe, Baloži, Jūrmala and Ozolnieki. The research results characterize not only the diversity of the current situation regarding the blue-green infrastructure, but also the inadequate conditions of outdoor living space in some areas.
Analysis of Displacements and Horizontal Load Capacity of Foundation Piles-Road Acoustical Barriers
Authors: Gaska Piotr , Pekala Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The main objective of the study is the analysis of horizontal displacements of foundation pile heads used in the design of road barriers, limiting harmful noise emissions. As a part of the work, there were determined extreme values of the horizontal load capacity of piles, extreme values of horizontal displacement of the pile heads and displacement values for forcing horizontal test impacts. The research results, obtained in field tests, show that both horizontal displacement of pile heads from field tests and displacement values obtained as a result of the analytical calculations, according to PN, are considerably smaller than displacements in the extreme state of side load capacity of piles, as well as the permissible value, according to PN (10 mm).