bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and timing of postpartum depression in parents of twins compared to parents of singletons
Authors: Egsgaard Sofie , Bliddal Mette , Lund Lars Christian , Vigod Simone N. , Munk‐Olsen Trine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundParents of twins appear to be at increased risk of postpartum depression (PPD), yet little is known about the magnitude and timing of onset in the postpartum period compared to singleton parents.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using the Danish nationwide health registers. We defined a study population of parents that is, mothers and fathers of all twin and singleton livebirths between 1997 and 2019. Postpartum depression was defined as incident depression diagnosis or a redeemed antidepressant prescription from childbirth through 365 days postpartum. We performed a parametric time‐to‐event analysis based on Poisson regression. The time scale was time since birth, modeled using restricted cubic splines. From this we estimated the hazard ratio (HR) representing the momentary risk, and the cumulative risk ratio (RR) over the first year postpartum, in twin compared to singleton parents.ResultsThe study population was based on 27,095 twin and 1,350,046 singleton births. In adjusted analyses, the HR of twins compared to singletons was highest around 2 months postpartum (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10–1.49) for mothers, and around 6 months (1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.42) for fathers. The 6 months adjusted cumulative RR of PPD in twins compared to singletons was 1.24 (95% CI 1.10–1.40) for mothers and 1.11 (95% CI 0.95–1.30) for fathers.ConclusionsTwin mothers had increased risk of PPD compared to singleton mothers, which was driven by an immediate increase after childbirth. The risk among twin fathers was not increased immediately after childbirth, but we found slightly elevated risk around 6 months postpartum. This could suggest diverse patterns of PPD symptomatology in twin parents compared to singleton parents and between mothers and fathers. Our findings underline parents of twins as a potentially vulnerable group to PPD and emphasize the need for increased awareness of their mental health.
“Saving a picture forever”: Documenting and curating “truthful” images at school
Authors: Llerena Carmen Lugo , Yoon Haeny S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith a focus on Parker, a Black second‐grader, this paper explores how photographs taken by children reveal aspects of identity that adults do not always capture or deem important in school spaces. In fact, while Parker was often imaged and positioned in deficit ways, children's photographs expanded static narratives told about Parker. While troubling documentation, the findings highlight the ways children's capacities, strengths, and contributions are overlooked by images reproducing neoliberal logics.
Purely performative resuscitation: Treating the patient as an object
Authors: Tarasenko‐Struc Aleksy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite its prevalence today, the practice of purely performative resuscitation (PPR)—paradigmatically, the “slow code”—has attracted more critics in bioethics than defenders. The most common criticism of the slow code is that it's fundamentally deceptive or harmful, while the most common justification offered is that it may benefit the patient's loved ones, by symbolically honoring the patient or the care team's relationship with the family. I argue that critics and defenders of the slow code each have a point. Advocates of the slow code are right that not all PPR is wrongly deceptive or harmful to the patient or his family and that the symbolic aspect of medicine is itself morally significant. But the critics are also correct: slow codes are prima facie wrong. I argue that pursuing a slow code amounts to treating the patient as a tool for others' benefit—hence, treating him as an object—and that this instrumentalizing quality constitutes one core prima facie wrong of the practice. I also build a case for the idea that the slow code may not always be all‐things‐considered wrong, specifying certain limited conditions under which acts of PPR might ultimately be permissible. Thus, the symbolic dimension of medical treatment is indeed morally important, both in morally favorable and in morally problematic respects—namely, in its symbolic denial of the patient's humanity.
Handling missing data in variational autoencoder based item response theory
Authors: Veldkamp Karel , Grasman Raoul , Molenaar Dylan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been proposed as a method to estimate high dimensional Item Response Theory (IRT) models on large datasets. Although these improve the efficiency of estimation drastically compared to traditional methods, they have no natural way to deal with missing values. In this paper, we adapt three existing methods from the VAE literature to the IRT setting and propose one new method. We compare the performance of the different VAE‐based methods to each other and to marginal maximum likelihood estimation for increasing levels of missing data in a simulation study for both three‐ and ten‐dimensional IRT models. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of the VAE‐based models on an existing algebra test dataset. Results confirm that VAE‐based methods are a time‐efficient alternative to marginal maximum likelihood, but that a larger number of importance‐weighted samples are needed when the proportion of missing values is large.
Subcortical plaques and inflammation reflect cortical and meningeal pathologies in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Okutan Betül , Frederiksen Jette L. , Houen Gunnar , Sellebjerg Finn , Kyllesbech Cecilie , Magyari Melinda , Paunovic Manuela , Sørensen Per S. , Jacobsen Christina , Lassmann Hans , Bramow Stephan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt remains elusive whether lesions and inflammation in the sub/juxtacortical white matter reflect cortical and/or meningeal pathologies. Elucidating this could have implications for MRI monitoring as sub/juxtacortical lesions are detectable by routine MRI, while cortical lesions and meningeal inflammation are not. By large‐area microscopy, we quantified total and mixed active plaque loads along with densities and sizes of perivascular mononuclear infiltrates (infiltrates) in the sub/juxtacortical white matter ≤2 mm from the cortex, intra‐cortically and in the meninges. Data were related to ante‐mortem clinical parameters in a false discovery rate‐corrected analysis. We compared 12 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and 15 with secondary progressive MS to 22 controls. Fifteen patients and 11 controls contributed with hemispheric sections. Sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin, for myelin and for microglia/macrophages. B cells and T cells were confirmed in a subset. Immunoglobulin G depositions in selected cortical plaques resembled depositions described before in “slowly expanding” plaques in the white matter. We quantified plaque activity by measuring microglia‐dominated and macrophage‐dominated areas. Sub/juxtacortical plaques (load and activity) reflected plaque activity in the cerebral cortex. Plaque activity and infiltrates were more pronounced in the sub/juxtacortical white matter than in the cerebral cortex while conversely, the total plaque load was highest in the cortex. Infiltrates correlated trans‐cortically and sub/juxtacortical plaque activity reflected cortical and meningeal infiltrates. Sub/juxtacortical infiltrate sizes correlated with shorter survival after progression onset. Two patients with PPMS and putatively fatal brain stem lesions argue against incidental findings. Trans‐cortical inflammatory flares and plaque activity may be pathogenic in progressive MS. We suggest emphasis on sub/juxtacortical MRI lesions as plausible surrogates for cortical and meningeal pathologies and, when present, as indicators for cognitive testing.
Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent CIN3 or worse (CIN3+): A nationwide case–control study in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Sayaka , Ueda Yutaka , Yagi Asami , Mizushima Taichi , Sukegawa Akiko , Kudoh Risa , Yamaguchi Manako , Kurosawa Megumi , Miyagi Etsuko , Sekine Masayuki , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn increase in cervical cancer incidence has been reported in Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan has resumed the active recommendation of regular HPV vaccines in 2022. In Japan, the preventive effect of CIN3+ in the real world has not yet been demonstrated in age‐adjusted cohort or case–control studies. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the HPV vaccine against CIN3+ in Japanese women. This nationwide case–control study from April 2013 to March 2020 targeted women aged 20–26 years old at the time of cervical screening. We compared HPV vaccination exposure between those with abnormal and those with normal cytology. Abnormal cytology was classified into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1+, CIN2+, and CIN3+. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the above endpoints and vaccination exposure using the conditional logistic regression model and estimated vaccine effectiveness using the formula (1 −OR) × 100. A total of 2790 cases and 13,990 controls (one‐to‐five matching) were eligible in 37 municipalities in Japan. In this study, 61 CIN3 (2.2%) and 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (0.4%) were found. The OR for CIN3+ versus controls was 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03–0.75), equating to a vaccine effectiveness of 86%. Of the 10 patients who had SCC none were vaccinated. This nationwide case–control study in Japan demonstrated a substantial risk reduction in CIN3+ among women who did versus those who did not receive HPV vaccination.
The Gut Microbiota Modulates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Elucidating Crucial Factors and Mechanistic Underpinnings
Authors: Yang Jianshe , Liang Junyi , Hu Niyuan , He Ningjuan , Liu Bin , Liu Guoliang , Qin Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, commonly linked to amyloid‐β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota as a key player in modulating neuroinflammation, a critical pathological feature of AD. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota in this process is essential for uncovering new therapeutic avenues and gaining deeper insights into AD pathogenesis.MethodsThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of how gut microbiota influences neuroinflammation and glial cell function in AD. A systematic literature search was conducted, covering studies from 2014 to 2024, including reviews, clinical trials, and animal studies. Keywords such as “gut microbiota,” “Alzheimer's disease,” “neuroinflammation,” and “blood–brain barrier” were used.ResultsDysbiosis, or the imbalance in gut microbiota composition, has been implicated in the modulation of key AD‐related mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier integrity, and neurotransmitter regulation. These disruptions may accelerate the onset and progression of AD. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in modulating AD pathology.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota is a pivotal factor in AD pathogenesis, influencing neuroinflammation and disease progression. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in AD opens avenues for innovative diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies.
External Corporate Governance and Corporate Misconduct: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Braun Max C. , Mueller Simone M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueExternal governance parties deter corporate misconduct through their monitoring. External monitoring increases the probability of corporate misconduct being detected and sanctioned. Current research on the relationship between external governance and corporate misconduct remains fragmented across these detection and sanction mechanisms of deterrence. This separation of mechanisms leaves us with an incomplete concept of external monitoring and obscures our understanding of what facilitates monitoring by investors, auditors, analysts, and the media.Research Findings/InsightsWe integrate the detection and sanction mechanisms of deterrence into a process model of external monitoring. Our meta‐analysis of 188 studies from 14 countries covering the period from 1970 to 2019 identifies proximity, credibility, and attention as common underlying factors that facilitate monitoring by external governance parties. Proximity is of particular relevance in deterring corporate misconduct. Ethical relativism weakens external governance parties' role in deterring corporate misconduct.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsParties outside firm boundaries affect public perception of firms, thereby possessing a unique influence on corporate governance. We integrate this form of influence into the concept of external monitoring. Our meta‐analytic synthesis suggests a fundamental role for external governance in preventing corporate misconduct and informs on the relevance of societal values for corporate governance and corporate misconduct.
Employment, work ability and sick leave in melanoma patients within the first year of diagnosis
Authors: Dugas‐Breit Susanne , Dugas Martin , Schulze Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackground and objectivesMalignant melanoma affects younger working individuals. This study investigated work ability and sick leave within one year after diagnosis, as well as the impact of rehabilitation and psycho‐oncological measures on employment outcomes.Patients and methodsIn this monocentric, prospective, observational cohort study, 221 patients (62.4% females), aged 19–65, participated. 78.5% had tumor stage IB or lower at baseline. Routine clinical documentation, occupational history, work ability, subjective prognosis of employment, need for and satisfaction with rehabilitation measures were repeatedly assessed.Results181 patients (82%) were employed at first visit, 172 (78%) at last visit. Approximately 75% of patients initially rated work ability as “moderate”, with up to 9 sick leave days. In the following year, sick days increased significantly in patients with stage IB and IIA (p = 0.044) and highly significantly in patients with stage II B and above (p < 0.001). Psycho‐oncologic consultation (24%) and rehabilitation (18%) did not change the significantly worse self‐rated work ability of these patients.ConclusionsMelanoma affects work ability, even in tumor stages without lymph node involvement or distant metastasis. Controlled clinical trials would be useful to evaluate the success of rehabilitation and psycho‐oncological interventions for patients with melanoma.
Policy and practice recommendations for services for disabled children during emergencies: Learning from COVID‐19
Authors: Merrick Hannah , Morris Christopher , Allard Amanda , Parr Jeremy R. , Pennington Lindsay ,   the Resetting Services to Disabled Children team
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo seek consensus on recommendations for the delivery of services to disabled children in England during future emergencies.MethodCandidate recommendations were drafted based on our related mapping review and qualitative research related to experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Iterative workshops with professionals and parent carers helped to refine the recommendations. A Delphi survey, rating the importance of each recommendation, was conducted with (1) parent carers of disabled children, (2) disabled young people aged 8 to 19 years, and (3) health, education, and social care professionals. A consensus meeting was convened online to discuss the findings and ratify the recommendations.ResultsTwenty‐eight recommendations were included in the Delphi survey. There were 141 participants in round 1 and 91 in round 2. Seven recommendations reached the agreed consensus criteria for being critical across all stakeholder groups, while 21 recommendations did not reach consensus across all groups. Fourteen participants ratified 23 recommendations, which when aggregated and refined further produced our final 19 recommendations.InterpretationReductions in services for disabled children and their families during the COVID‐19 pandemic had serious and lasting consequences. This study enabled parent carers, disabled young people, and health, education, and social care professionals to agree recommendations on services for disabled children during future emergencies.
The development and progression of albuminuria in South Asians with type 2 diabetes compared with Western Europeans. Results from the HinDu the Hague diabetes study
Authors: van Niel Judith , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn Nel , Kist Janet , Numans Mattijs , Vos Rimke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimAlthough South Asians have an increased risk to develop diabetes, data on the difference in development and progression of diabetic nephropathy between ethnic groups are not consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the development and progression of albuminuria in South Asians and Western Europeans (WE) with type 2 diabetes in a large closed cohort of South Asians with type 2 diabetes.MethodsData on 1269 South Asians and 2272 Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes who were treated in our diabetes clinic in 2006 or referred thereafter were extracted from electronic medical records. Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were defined separately for men and women based on albumin/creatinine ratios in early morning urine samples. We defined 3 outcomes: (1) no albuminuria, (2) persistent microalbuminuria and (3) macroalbuminuria at the end of follow‐up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to discriminate differences in time from diabetes diagnosis until development and progression of albuminuria between the two ethnic groups, adjusted for retinopathy, hypertension, smoking and age at diabetes diagnosis.ResultsSouth Asians have a higher adjusted risk for developing microalbuminuria: HR 1.4, (95% CI 1.2, 1.6) and macroalbuminuria: HR: 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) compared to Western Europeans. However, mean time to progress from micro‐ to macroalbuminuria was not different between the ethnic groups (3.9 ± 4.0 yrs vs. 3.4 ± 3.9 yrs respectively).ConclusionSouth Asians have a higher adjusted risk to develop micro‐ and macroalbuminuria compared with Western Europeans. When microalbuminuria is present, time to progression from micro‐ to macroalbuminuria is not different between the two groups.
Presence of Apical Aneurysm and Its Impact on Left Ventricular Mechanics and Mechano‐Energetic Coupling in Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Guigui Sarah A. , Horvath Sofia A. , Venkataraman Pranav , Fernandez Rafle , Elajami Tarec K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) apical aneurysms (ApAn+) occur in 10%–15% of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) patients and confer considerable morbidity. We hypothesized that ApAn+ adversely impact ventricular mechanics and mechano‐energetic coupling in ApHCM.MethodsNinety‐eight ApHCM patients were identified, of which nine (9%) had ApAn+ and were compared with 89 (91%) who did not (ApAn−). 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography assessed ventricular mechanics using LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and torsion, and mechano‐energetic coupling as myocardial work indices. Clinical events over follow‐up were adjudicated.ResultsMean age was 64 ± 15 years, 46% were female, and 3% had an HCM family history, with similar clinical risk factors between groups. Of the nine ApAn+ patients, there were six small (<2 cm) and three moderate‐sized (2‐4 cm) aneurysms. There was no difference in LV ejection fraction (65 ± 15 vs. 67 ± 11%, p = 0.51) or GLS (−9.6 ± 3.3 vs. −11.9 ± 3.9%, p = 0.09) between ApAn+ versus ApAn−. ApAn+ patients had greater myocardial global wasted work (347 ± 112 vs. 221 ± 165 mmHg%, p = 0.03) and lower global work efficiency (GWE, 75 ± 5 vs. 82 ± 8%, p = 0.006). LV GLS (β = −0.67, p < 0.001), ApAn+ (β = −0.15, p = 0.04), and twist rate (β = −0.14, p = 0.04) were independently associated with GWE. At 3.9‐year follow‐up, cardiovascular mortality (4%) and heart failure hospitalization (14%) events were similar between groups.ConclusionApHCM patients with ApAn+ are characterized by more impaired LV mechano‐energetic coupling when compared with ApAn−. ApAn+ is independently associated with worse GWE.
Association between iron content in grey matter nuclei and functional outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Authors: Chen Yaqi , Ming Yue , Ye Chen , Jiang Shuai , Wu Jiongxing , Wang Huan , Wu Keying , Zhang Shihong , Wu Bo , Sun Jiayu , Wang Deren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between iron content in grey matter (GM) nuclei and functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients utilizing quantitative susceptibility mapping.MethodsForty AIS patients and 40 age‐, sex‐ and education‐matched healthy controls underwent quantitative susceptibility mapping to assess susceptibility values, which are positively correlated with iron content, in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, red nucleus and substantia nigra. The nuclei on the contralateral side were measured in AIS patients to minimize confounding due to oedema or haemorrhage. Functional outcome was determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months after stroke. Poor outcome was defined as mRS >2, whilst a good outcome was defined as ≤2.ResultsSusceptibility values were significantly higher in most contralateral GM nuclei in AIS patients than in the corresponding left or right nuclei in healthy controls. AIS patients with poor outcome showed significantly lower susceptibility value than those with good outcome in the contralateral caudate nucleus, but no significant differences were observed in other GM nuclei. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the susceptibility value of the contralateral caudate nucleus and poor outcome after adjustment for confounders (adjusted odds ratio 0.692, 95% confidence interval 0.486–0.986, p = 0.042). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an acceptable ability of the susceptibility value of the contralateral caudate nucleus to predict poor outcome (area under the curve 0.740, p = 0.013).ConclusionsLower iron content in the contralateral caudate nucleus was associated with poor functional outcome in AIS patients.