bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature and measurement uncertainty in sustained load testing on bonded fasteners
Authors: Stierschneider Elisabeth , Schwenn Michael , Tamparopoulos Alexios E. , Zeman Oliver , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSustained load testing on bonded fasteners is used for the long‐term forecast of the fastener displacement behaviour. The application of the Findley law as extrapolation method is an intensively discussed topic. This method uses a power law to forecast the long‐term behaviour. As a result, also the measurement uncertainty from measured displacements and temperature effects are extrapolated over time. Currently sustained load tests for product qualification of bonded fasteners are regulated in the European Assessment Document EAD 330499, in which certain measurement intervals and the required accuracy are defined. Recent improvements in data acquisition lead to possible reductions of measurement intervals in order to make long‐term forecasts more precise. Therefore, measurement uncertainty of the displacement measurement gains importance. Considering this issue, the influence of the measurement device itself, the location of displacement measurement in the test setup and temperature changes are discussed within this contribution.
An adaptive ANN‐based inverse response surface method
Authors: Šomodíková Martina , Lehký David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper deals with an adaptive artificial neural network‐based inverse response surface method utilized when performing reliability‐based design optimization of complex structural systems. Since calculating their reliability indicators (failure probabilities or reliability indices) is usually a time‐consuming task, the utilization of approximation methods with a view to reducing the computational effort to an acceptable level is an appropriate solution. A popular approximation method is the response surface method, where the limit state function is approximated using a suitable surrogate model. In this case, an artificial neural network is utilized. Construction of a response surface requires all variables of stochastic model to be known in advance. However, during the structural design, which is an inverse task, there are design parameters which are subject of reliability‐based design optimization procedure and thus not known at the start of the process. For such cases, an adaptive inverse response surface procedure is proposed. The procedure is based on a coupling of the adaptive response surface method and the artificial neural network‐based inverse reliability method. The validity and accuracy of the method is tested using example with explicit nonlinear limit state function. Obtained results as well as important aspects of the method are discussed.
Discrete Element simulation of concrete fracture and crack evolution
Authors: Beckmann Birgit , Schicktanz Kai , Curbach Manfred 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConcrete fracture phenomena and their statistically varying character are investigated in this work. It is the complex processes of failure mechanisms, crack propagation and damage evolution which are specifically investigated rather than to reach a certain maximum load or to investigate the concrete behaviour within a range of safe working loads. In order to go into this matter, a two‐dimensional numerical simulation based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used for the analysis of concrete behaviour under compression load. Crack patterns, crack initiation and damage evolution are analysed. The cracks are discrete just as in real laboratory experiments. The cracks arise due to the interaction of the concrete particle elements and without the predefinition of any crack zones or crack elements. The numerically generated concrete specimens differ in statistically varying positions of the single particles. This corresponds to different specimens of the same batch in real laboratory experiments. In the simulation, different particle generations with the same parameters are calculated. Furthermore, exactly the same particle generations are calculated until ultimate load and failure several times – under lower and under higher loading velocities.
Risk‐based breast cancer follow‐up stratified by age
Authors: Witteveen Annemieke , Otten Jan W. M. , Vliegen Ingrid M. H. , Siesling Sabine , Timmer Judith B. , IJzerman Maarten J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough personalization of cancer care is recommended, current follow‐up after the curative treatment of breast cancer is consensus‐based and not differentiated for base‐line risk. Every patient receives annual follow‐up for 5 years without taking into account the individual risk of recurrence. The aim of this study was to introduce personalized follow‐up schemes by stratifying for age. Using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry of 37 230 patients with early breast cancer between 2003 and 2006, the risk of recurrence was determined for four age groups (<50, 50‐59, 60‐69, >70). Follow‐up was modeled with a discrete‐time partially observable Markov decision process. The decision to test for recurrences was made two times per year. Recurrences could be detected by mammography as well as by self‐detection. For all age groups, it was optimal to have more intensive follow‐up around the peak in recurrence risk in the second year after diagnosis. For the first age group (<50) with the highest risk, a slightly more intensive follow‐up with one extra visit was proposed compared to the current guideline recommendation. The other age groups were recommended less visits: four for ages 50‐59, three for 60‐69, and three for ≥70. With this model for risk‐based follow‐up, clinicians can make informed decisions and focus resources on patients with higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful follow‐up visits for women with very low risks. The model can easily be extended to take into account more risk factors and provide even more personalized follow‐up schedules.
Variation in Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Anatomical and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea aucheri, an Endemic Species of Iran, at Different Phenological Stages
Authors: Afshari Mahvash , Rahimmalek Mehdi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the present research, the essential oil composition, bioactive compounds, anatomical and antioxidant activity of Achillea aucheri were investigated at four phenological stages. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.1 % (five leaves appearance stage) to 0.7 % (full flowering stage). So, the oils from the plants harvested at the full flowering stage provided higher essential oil contents than those at other stages. The analysis of the essential oils by GC/MS revealed the presence of a large number of components represented mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (24.36–77.81 %). The compounds revealed high variation at different phenological stages. The major constituents of A. aucheri were carvacrol (1.07–19.17 %), camphor (5.44–9.99 %), δ‐cadinene (0.20–13.88 %), thymol (2.15–7.80 %), germacrene D (4.50–7.24 %), 1,8‐cineole (1.62–5.54 %) and α‐terpineol (1.71–3.42 %). The total phenolic (51.63 mg tannic acid/g DW) and flavonoid (10.88 mg quercetin/g W) contents were more accumulated at the 50 % flowering stage than others. The results revealed that the accumulation of essential oil in A. aucheri increased as the plant grew from the five leaves appearance stage to the 100 % flowering stage with increasing the size and number of secretory structures. Finally, the extracts collected at the 50 % flowering stage showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured based on FTC and DPPH method with the IC50 values ranging from 719.65 μg/mL to 1039.17 μg/mL for the samples.
Aggression, attributional style, and locus of control among imprisoned migrants from the former Soviet Union
Authors: Fontao Maria Isabel , Ross Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the 1990s, over two million migrants from the former Soviet Union with German ancestry came to Germany, a small number of whom committed offences.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate aggression, locus of control, and attributional style in these (male) migrants imprisoned in Germany.MethodsThree groups of men with German ancestry were compared: 1.36 prisoners migrating into Germany from the former Soviet Union (migrant‐P), 2.31 migrating into Germany from the former Soviet Union without a history of offending (community sample; C), and 3.40 German prisoners with no migration experience (native‐P).ResultsAggression was high among all prisoners relative to nonoffending migrants. Prisoners tended to be under‐achievers educationally compared with community living migrants. Imprisoned migrants had scores on locus of control and on attribution scales of feeling more influenced by fate and other external factors than had the community migrants, but in a regression model with aggression as the dependent variable and locus of control and attributional style measures as the independent variables, only external attributional style with respect to failure was significantly related to aggression.ImplicationsExternal attributional style appears to be linked to the probability of aggressive behaviours, leading to unlawful acts and imprisonment. Regardless of whether a person has a migration history or not, as attribution of failure among these relatively low‐achieving prisoners was associated with aggression, loosening these attributional tendencies in therapy might help to reduce aggression. Migration per se was not problematic in these respects in this sample.
Upgrading of Biomass Monosaccharides by Immobilized Glucose Dehydrogenase and Xylose Dehydrogenase
Authors: Zdarta Jakub , Pinelo Manuel , Jesionowski Teofil , Meyer Anne S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDirect upgrading and separation of the monosaccharides from biomass liquors is an overlooked area. In this work we demonstrate enzymatic production of gluconic acid and xylonic acid from glucose and xylose present in pretreated birchwood liquor by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.1.1.47) and xylose dehydrogenase (XDH, EC 1.1.1.175), respectively. The biocatalytic conversions were compared using two different kinds of silica support materials (silica nanoparticles (nanoSiO2) and porous silica particles with hexagonal pores (SBA 15 silica) for enzyme immobilization. Upon immobilization, both enzymes showed significant improvement in their thermal stability and robustness at alkaline pH and exhibited over 50 % activity even at pH 10 and 60 °C on both immobilization matrices. When compared to free enzymes at 45 °C, GDH immobilized on nanoSiO2 and SBA silica displayed a 4.5 and 7.25 fold increase in half‐life, respectively, whilst XDH immobilized on nanoSiO2 and SBA showed a 4.7 and 9.5 fold improvement in half‐life, respectively. Additionally, after five reaction cycles both nanoSiO2GDH and nanoSiO2XDH retained more than 40 % activity and GDH and XDH immobilized on SBA silica maintained around 50 % of their initial activity resulting in about 1.5–1.6 fold increase in biocatalytic productivity compared to the free enzymes.
Approach to the Investigation of Nucleosome Structure by Using the Highly Emissive Nucleobase thdG–tC FRET Pair
Authors: Han Ji Hoon , Park Soyoung , Hashiya Fumitaka , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA distance‐ and orientation‐factor‐dependent FRET system is a useful and attractive approach to the investigation of the conformational dynamics of nucleosomes. In this study, the application of the highly emissive nucleobase thdG–tC FRET pair to 601 nucleosomes is reported. It was found that the thdG–tC FRET pair was successfully incorporated to 145 bp 601 sequences, and different FRET efficiencies were obtained for the designated donor and acceptor positions in the nucleosome.
Electrochemical Alkynyl/Alkenyl Migration for the Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Gao Yongyuan , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient electrochemical 1,2‐sulfonylation/alkynylation of alkenes via radical 1,4‐alkynyl migration of alkynyl‐substituted tertiary alcohols is described, which used sodium sulfinates as sulfonyl sources affording the corresponding α‐sulfonyl‐β‐alkynylated products in moderate to excellent yields. This electrochemical reaction proceeds smoothly without the use of any metal catalyst, additive and oxidant and thus represents a new and eco‐friendly strategy for the difunctionalization of unactive olefins, and also the first example of the electrochemical distal radical migration reaction.
Resources of a New Carbon Economy
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Knappertsbusch Volker , Grevé Anna , Deerberg Görge , Doetsch Christian , Weidner Eckhard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order to achieve the two‐degree target agreed by the Paris Climate Change Conference, man‐made carbon input into the atmosphere has to be limited to a quantity not greater than the amount of carbon that can be absorbed by sinks. In addition to the energy system, this also affects important industries such as the steel, cement and chemical industry, whose production structures are essentially based on the processing of fossil carbon compounds. If a net zero emission target really is to be achieved, a system change that includes the fundamentally different management of carbon‐containing raw materials is also essential for these industries. This requires a considerable amount of renewable energy.
ColXα1 is a stromal component that colocalizes with elastin in the breast tumor extracellular matrix
Authors: Wang Yihong , Lu Shaolei , Xiong Jinjun , Singh Kamaljeet , Hui Yiang , Zhao Chaohui , Brodsky Alexander S , Yang Dongfang , Jolly Grant , Ouseph Madhu , Schorl Christoph , DeLellis Ronald A , Resnick Murray B 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment regulates tissue development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to neoplastic progression. Increased expression of type X collagen α‐1 (ColXα1) in tumor‐associated stroma correlates with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancers. Evaluation of ColXα1 expression patterns suggests a potential connection with elastin fibers. To investigate the possible interaction between ColXα1 and elastin, we evaluated the expression of ColXα1 in relation to elastin fibers in normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive breast carcinomas at cellular and subcellular levels. Our findings demonstrate that ColXα1 colocalizes with elastin in invasive breast cancer‐associated stroma by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In 212 invasive breast carcinomas, this complex was aberrantly and selectively expressed in tumor extracellular matrix in 79% of ER+/HER2−, 80% of ER+/HER2+, 76% of ER−/HER2+, and 58% of triple negative breast cancers. In contrast, ColXα1 was generally absent, while elastin was present perivascularly in normal breast tissue. ColXα1 and elastin were coexpressed in 58% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in periductal areas. In mass‐forming DCIS with desmoplastic stroma, the complex was intensely expressed in periductal areas as well as within the tumor‐associated stroma in all cases. Our data suggest that the breast carcinoma neoplastic process may involve aberrant expression of ColXα1 and elastin in the tumor microenvironment emerging early at the DCIS stage. Enrichment of these complexes in tumor‐associated stroma may represent a stromal signature indicative of intrinsic differences between breast cancers. These findings shed light on investigation into the role of aberrant collagen complex expression in tumorigenesis and tumor progression which may be leveraged in therapeutic and theranostic applications.
Partial nephrectomy for T1b and T2 renal masses: A subtle paradigm shift and a new synthesis
Authors: Derweesh Ithaar H. , Ryan Stephen T. , Hamilton Zachary A. 
Published: September 2018

Recent reports suggest oncologic equivalence between partial and radical nephrectomy for T1b and T2 renal cell carcinoma, with improved renal functional outcomes for partial nephrectomy. In this issue of Cancer, Ristau and colleagues provide further understanding of the limitations of nephron preservation in larger masses; and, ultimately, a randomized clinical trial may provide the most efficacious means of answering continued controversies and providing insight.See also pages 3839‐48.
Synthesis and Investigation of 2,3,5,6‐Tetra‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrazine Based Energetic Materials
Authors: Witkowski Tomasz G. , Richardson Paul , Gabidullin Bulat , Hu Anguang , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structures and properties of several energetic compounds based on a high‐nitrogen‐content anion, namely 2,3,5,6‐tetra(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrazine (H4TTP) are reported here for the first time. These energetic salts were synthesized by reacting H4TTP with various alkali metal hydroxides (sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium) and N‐based (ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, guanidine carbonate, aminoguanidine bicarbonate). The resulting materials were comprehensively characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C) NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC, as well as low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Heats of formation for the metal‐free species as well as detonation parameters were calculated. The presented energetic materials (EMs) show high thermal stability (207 °C≤Tdec≤300 °C), while the metal‐free ionic derivatives exhibit desirable properties such as detonation velocity (6873 m s−1≤VC‐J≤8364 m s−1), detonation pressure (14.3 GPa≤pC‐J≤24.9 GPa), and specific impulse (141.4≤Isp≤192.5 s).
Mutual coupling suppression of closely spaced microstrip antennas by ladder‐shaped conducting wall
Authors: Alsultan Raghad Ghalib , Yetkin Gölge Ögücü 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTo reduce the mutual coupling between two closely microstrip antennas (MSAs), a novel ladder‐shaped conducting wall structure (LSCW) has been proposed and presented in this paper. This structure consists of two ladder shaped strips of copper printed on an FR‐4 dielectric substrate. It is inserted between the MSAs, and also some part of LSCW surrounds a portion of each antenna. The developed compact multiple‐input multiple‐output system has a compact size of 50 × 25 mm2, and dual‐band design resonates at 4.45 or 10.3‐GHz frequencies depending on the dimensions of LSCW structure. It can be used in many wireless applications in C (4‐8 GHz) band or X (8‐12 GHz) band. The value of VSWR ≤1.5 for both resonant frequencies. Also, the diversity performance, such as the envelope correlation coefficient, the diversity gain, and the total efficiency are calculated and compared. A prototype is fabricated, and the measured mutual coupling shows that the isolation between the antenna ports has been enhanced about 50 dB at 4.45 GHz and 40 dB at 10.3 GHz.
Understanding the population consequences of disturbance
Authors: Pirotta Enrico , Booth Cormac G. , Costa Daniel P. , Fleishman Erica , Kraus Scott D. , Lusseau David , Moretti David , New Leslie F. , Schick Robert S. , Schwarz Lisa K. , Simmons Samantha E. , Thomas Len , Tyack Peter L. , Weise Michael J. , Wells Randall S. , Harwood John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractManaging the nonlethal effects of disturbance on wildlife populations has been a long‐term goal for decision makers, managers, and ecologists, and assessment of these effects is currently required by European Union and United States legislation. However, robust assessment of these effects is challenging. The management of human activities that have nonlethal effects on wildlife is a specific example of a fundamental ecological problem: how to understand the population‐level consequences of changes in the behavior or physiology of individual animals that are caused by external stressors. In this study, we review recent applications of a conceptual framework for assessing and predicting these consequences for marine mammal populations. We explore the range of models that can be used to formalize the approach and we identify critical research gaps. We also provide a decision tree that can be used to select the most appropriate model structure given the available data. Synthesis and applications: The implementation of this framework has moved the focus of discussion of the management of nonlethal disturbances on marine mammal populations away from a rhetorical debate about defining negligible impact and toward a quantitative understanding of long‐term population‐level effects. Here we demonstrate the framework's general applicability to other marine and terrestrial systems and show how it can support integrated modeling of the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that regulate trait‐mediated, indirect interactions in ecological communities, that is, the nonconsumptive effects of a predator or stressor on a species' behavior, physiology, or life history.
Variation in the vital rates of an Antarctic marine predator: the role of individual heterogeneity
Authors: Paterson J. Terrill , Rotella Jay. J. , Link William A. , Garrott Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVariation in life‐history traits such as lifespan and lifetime reproductive output is thought to arise, in part, due to among‐individual differences in the underlying probabilities of survival and reproduction. However, the stochastic nature of demographic processes can also generate considerable variation in fitness‐related traits among otherwise‐identical individuals. An improved understanding of life‐history evolution and population dynamics therefore depends on evaluating the relative role of each of these processes. Here, we used a 33‐yr data set with reproductive histories for 1,274 female Weddell seals from Erebus Bay, Antarctica, to assess the strength of evidence for among‐individual heterogeneity in the probabilities of survival and reproduction, while accounting for multiple other sources of variation in vital rates. Our analysis used recent advances in Bayesian model selection techniques and diagnostics to directly compare model fit and predictive power between models that included individual effects on survival and reproduction to those that did not. We found strong evidence for costs of reproduction to both survival and future reproduction, with breeders having rates of survival and subsequent reproduction that were 3% and 6% lower than rates for non‐breeders. We detected age‐related changes in the rates of survival and reproduction, but the patterns differed for the two rates. Survival rates steadily declined from 0.92 at age 7 to 0.56 at the maximal age of 31 yr. In contrast, reproductive rates increased from 0.68 at age 7 to 0.79 at age 16 and then steadily declined to 0.37 for the oldest females. Models that included individual effects explained more variation in observed life histories and had better estimated predictive power than those that did not, indicating their importance in understanding sources of variation among individuals in life‐history traits. We found that among‐individual heterogeneity in survival was small relative to that for reproduction. Our study, which found patterns of variation in vital rates that are consistent with a series of predictions from life‐history theory, is the first to provide a thorough assessment of variation in important vital rates for a long‐lived, high‐latitude marine mammal while taking full advantage of recent developments in model evaluation.