bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal and perinatal outcome associated with small cerebellar diameter based on second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasonography
Authors: Atallah Anthony , Guibaud Laurent , Gaucherand Pascal , Massardier Jerome , des Portes Vincent , Massoud Mona 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the outcome of pregnancy with fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) below the fifth percentile based on routine second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasonography.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 12 344 women according to TCD Z scores based on systematic second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasound examination between 2007 and 2015. Information on major malformations, chromosomal anomalies, intrauterine or neonatal demise, and other abnormal findings were collected.ResultsIn total, 408 fetuses with small prenatal TCD underwent clinical investigation; 160 major malformations were noted, consisting mainly of neurological or cardiac anomalies (39,2%%). Chromosomal anomalies were reported in 39 (9.5%) and intrauterine or neonatal demise in 41 cases (10%). Major malformations and chromosomal anomalies were found in 46.4% and 10% of fetuses with extremely small TCD (Z score < −2.5), respectively, 31.3% and 12.7% of fetuses with small TCD (Z score between −2.0 and −1.645), and 39.6 % and 7.7% of fetuses with subnormal TCD (Z score between −2.0 and −1.645). Intrauterine or neonatal demise was noted in 22%, 8.8%, and 4.8% of fetuses with extremely small, small, and subnormal TCD, respectively (P < .05). Among intrauterine growth‐restricted fetuses, fetal demise or neonatal adverse outcome was reported in 75%, 81.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Of all the fetuses, 2.2% were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionA small cerebellar diameter below the fifth percentile is a relevant marker to detect associated anomalies during routine ultrasound examination in the second or third trimester. This is related to a high rate of fetal malformations, chromosomal anomalies, and genetic disorders, regardless of the severity of the cerebellar small size. Small TCD seems to be a prognostic factor for fetal growth restriction. Therefore, when facing a TCD below the fifth percentile, patients should be referred for further sonography and fetal karyotyping.
Evaluation of Urinary Proteome Library Generation Methods on Data‐Independent Acquisition MS Analysis and its Application in Normal Urinary Proteome Analysis
Authors: Zhao Mindi , Liu Xiang , Sun Haidan , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Wei 
Published: April 2019

PurposeAs an important part of the data‐independent acquisition‐mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) analysis approach, spectral library generation is closely related to the final protein identification and quantitation.Experimental designIn this study, an attempt is made to evaluate the influence of different sample separation methods (reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) linear gradient elution and spin column step gradient fractionation) and data acquisition modes (data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA) on library generation of the human urine proteome.ResultsThe RPLC separation method provides more proteins for generating the library than the spin column; however, the spin column library leads to identification of more proteins when used for the urine proteome analysis. The DDA mode can provide a larger spectral library than the DIA mode and the DDA‐library leads to more protein identifications in the study. Use of a combined urinary protein library provides the most complete protein and peptide information, and the DIA approach can provide accurate protein quantitative information even for low‐abundance proteins.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWhen the combined library is used to analyze the normal individual urine proteome (18 males and 18 females), gender‐related and age‐related proteins are discovered and functionally analyzed. This strategy may benefit urine proteome DIA analysis.
Molecular dynamics investigation of a redox switch in the anti‐HIV protein SAMHD1
Authors: Patra Kajwal Kumar , Bhattacharya Akash , Bhattacharya Swati 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHIV‐1 is restricted in macrophages and certain quiescent myeloid cells due to a “Scorched Earth” dNTP starvation strategy attributed to the sterile alpha motif and HD domain protein—SAMHD1. Active SAMHD1 tetramers are assembled by GTP‐Mg+2‐dNTP cross bridges and cleave the triphosphate groups of dNTPs at a K
m of ~10 μM, which is consistent with dNTP concentrations in cycling cells, but far higher than the equivalent concentration in quiescent cells. Given the substantial disparity between the dNTP concentrations required to activate SAMHD1 tetramers (~10 μM) and the dNTP concentrations in noncycling cells (~10 nM), the possibility of alternate enzymatically active forms of SAMHD1, including monomers remains open. In particular, the possibility of redox regulation of such monomers is also an open question. There have been experimental studies on the regulation of SAMHD1 by Glutathione driven redox reactions recently. Therefore, in this work, we have performed all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics of monomeric SAMHD1 constructs in the context of the three redox‐susceptible Cysteine residues and compared them to monomers assembled within a tetramer. Our results indicate that assembly into a tetramer causes ordering of the catalytic core and increased solvent accessibility of the Catalytic Site. We have also found that glutathionylation of surface exposed C522 causes long range allosteric disruptions extending into the protein core. Finally, we see evidence suggesting a transient interaction between C522 and C341. Such a disulfide linkage has been hypothesized by experimental models, but has never been observed in crystal structures before.
Effect of site‐directed point mutations on protein misfolding: A simulation study
Authors: Kumar Adesh , Biswas Parbati 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA Monte Carlo simulation based sequence design method is proposed to investigate the role of site‐directed point mutations in protein misfolding. Site‐directed point mutations are incorporated in the designed sequences of selected proteins. While most mutated sequences correctly fold to their native conformation, some of them stabilize in other nonnative conformations and thus misfold/unfold. The results suggest that a critical number of hydrophobic amino acid residues must be present in the core of the correctly folded proteins, whereas proteins misfold/unfold if this number of hydrophobic residues falls below the critical limit. A protein can accommodate only a particular number of hydrophobic residues at the surface, provided a large number of hydrophilic residues are present at the surface and critical hydrophobicity of the core is preserved. Some surface sites are observed to be equally sensitive toward site‐directed point mutations as the core sites. Point mutations with highly polar and charged amino acids increases the misfold/unfold propensity of proteins. Substitution of natural amino acids at sites with different number of nonbonded contacts suggests that both amino acid identity and its respective site‐specificity determine the stability of a protein. A clash‐match method is developed to calculate the number of matching and clashing interactions in the mutated protein sequences. While misfolded/unfolded sequences have a higher number of clashing and a lower number of matching interactions, the correctly folded sequences have a lower number of clashing and a higher number of matching interactions. These results are valid for different SCOP classes of proteins.
DewSim: A trace‐driven toolkit for simulating mobile device clusters in Dew computing environments
Authors: Hirsch Matías , Mateos Cristian , Rodriguez Juan Manuel , Zunino Alejandro 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDew computing is an emerging computing paradigm, which aims at minimizing the dependency over existing internetwork back‐haul, ie, being dependent on processing resources offered by remote servers. Smartphones and tablets ubiquity and powerful computing hardware motivated researchers to investigate the way of providing Dew computing services by exploiting the aggregated capabilities of devices in a vicinity, a smart device cluster. Consequently, research on resource management is necessary to learn how to scavenge resources from such a cluster, deal with devices heterogeneity, limitations, and dynamic resource availability. Simulation is commonly practiced for studying resource management in other distributed computing research fields, specially due to the complexity involved in the set up of experiments. However, a free‐to‐use purpose specific toolkit for studying smart device clusters do not exist or have been documented. Current simulation efforts do not allow researchers to faithfully represent key singularities of such environment, which are energy depletion and nondedicated nature of computing resources. We propose a trace‐based toolkit built on modular software artifacts to speed up research in resource management techniques in Dew environments. A trace‐driven methodology is adopted to assure practical value of simulated scenarios. The toolkit comprises a device profiler application for Android to capture generic battery and CPU traces from real devices, a profile mixer to create user interaction baseline traces through generic ones, and an extensible engine to simulate the execution of workloads configurable via text files. Verification and validation tests were run to show correctness and reliability of our simulation approach.
Systems everywhere?
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLudwig von Bertalanffy built his hopes for system theory on the growing visibility of systems in the world. The first introductory section of the 1968 edition of General System Theory is titled “Systems Everywhere.” Half a century later, system theory has fallen into disrepute in several fields of study. It is targeted for its technocratic and governmental ambitions; it is depicted as an attempt to understand and reshape the world according to the system image of the world. This paper sketches how the social world has been analysed as a system—with a focus on hierarchy, predictability, and control. It proceeds to show how Von Bertalanffy's emphasis on the distinction between system and environment allows for the analysis of heterogeneity, indeterminacy, and uncontrollability. This paper thus makes a plea for a reflexive theory that focuses on problems that emerge despite the fact that our society imagines itself as a system.
Review of two‐dimensional materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction from a theoretical perspective
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Li Yafei 
Published: April 2019

The massive use of fossil fuels emits a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which brings inevitable damage to the ecological environment. The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic fuel molecules or other industrial raw materials by electrochemical reduction is an important means to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere and establish a new carbon resource balance system. However, the currently used catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction are still unsatisfactory because of several serious problems, such as high overpotential, low selectivity, and high cost. Compared to conventional three‐dimensional (3D) catalysts, it is expected that two‐dimensional (2D) catalysts with ultra‐large surface area, abundant surface atoms, and excellent electrical conductivity along 2D channels could be more beneficial toward CO2 electrochemical reduction. Recently, the application of 2D materials in the field of CO2 electrocatalytic conversion has just begun to receive attention. In this overview, we summarized the latest advances on developing novel 2D materials as catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction and highlighted the important role of theoretical simulation in this emerging field. We hope that this overview could provide some guidance for both theoretical and experimental communities to further designing 2D electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and understanding the corresponding mechanisms.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Effect of applied voltage and temperature on methane production and microbial community in microbial electrochemical anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure
Authors: Yu Jaecheul , Kim Sunwon , Kwon O-Seob 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) that can harvest electricity/valuable materials and enhance the efficiency of conventional biological processes through the redox reaction of organic/inorganic compounds has attracted considerable attention. MET-based anaerobic digestion (AD) systems treating swine manure were operated at different applied voltages (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 V) and temperatures (25, 35, and 45 °C). Among the MET-based AD systems with different applied voltages at 35 °C, M4 at 0.7 V showed the highest methane production (2.96 m3-CH4/m3) and methane yield (0.64 m3-CH4/kg-VS). The methane production and yield increased with increasing temperature at an applied voltage of 0.7 V. Nevertheless, the MET-based AD systems (LM at 25 °C and 0.7V) showed competitive AD performance (2.33 m3-CH4/m3 and 0.53 m3-CH4/VS) compared with the conventional AD system (35 °C). The microbial community was affected by the applied voltage and temperature, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as M. flavescens, M. hungatei, and M. thermautotrophicus were mainly responsible for methane production in MET-based AD systems. Therefore, the methane production can be enhanced by an applied voltage or by direct interspecies electron transfer because M. flavescens and M. thermautotrophicus were especially predominant in cathode of MET-based AD systems. The MET-based AD systems can help enhance biogas production from swine manure with no significant change in methane content. Furthermore, MET-based AD systems will be a promising AD system through low material development and the optimal operation.
La respuesta de Quevedo al padre Pineda: una obra posiblemente censurada
Authors: Alonso Veloso María José 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNumerous invectives against Quevedo’s works were disseminated from 1626 to 1635, coinciding with the publication of his most polemical texts:Política de Dios,BuscónandSueños. Among the earliest ones, there is a diatribe against the political treatise by the Jesuit priest Juan de Pineda, handwritten and now lost. Quevedo replied to it quickly, in 1626. His response is preserved in two manuscript sources dated in the 17th century, one of them with relevant omissions never mentioned by scholars. The aim of this paper is to provide information about more than twenty excerpts that were included in the version that could be presumably closer to the author’s will; the other one, which was precisely the base text of modern editors, might have censored them. The above omissions seem to be due to a possible censure: some insulting passages against Pineda dissapear, as well as praises and quotes from a controversial Jesuit, Gabriel Vázquez, who was accused for his heterodox ideas and even imprisoned by the Inquisition.
Three Enemies of Russia: Dmitrii Galkovskii and Strategies of “Enemification” in Contemporary Russian Nationalism
Authors: Bobrov Ivan Vladimirovich , Mikhailov Dmitry Alekseevich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on ideological constructions of contemporary nationalism shaped by the influence of Dmitrii Galkovskii. At the dawn of the Russian Internet, Galkovskii’s website, Samizdat, became the birthplace for intellectuals of contemporary Russian nationalism who emerged around Voprosy natsionalizma magazine and the online magazine Sputnik i Pogrom. Enemification strategies described in this article are understood as forms of self-representation of contemporary Russian nationalism. The goal of this article is to characterize one of the ideologies of contemporary Russian nationalism, which serves as a moral justification for some odious manifestations—xenophobia and racism. Three forces are characterized by contemporary Russian nationalists as the most dangerous challenges for the nation: the West, internal enemies, and migrants. Traditional and fundamental anti-Western rhetoric has turned into Anglophobia in the ideology of contemporary Russian nationalism. The most profound evidence might be found in Galkovskii’s conception of the history of international relations. This idea is also used when defining the internal enemy. Caucasians have taken the place of Russian nationalism’s previous main internal enemies, Jews, and are treated as representatives of the British colonial administration. The third enemy of modern Russian nationalism is migrants. They are seen as tools of the degradation policy toward Russians.
Collective Memories and Legacies of Political Violence in the Balkans
Authors: Kienzler Hanna , Sula-Raxhimi Enkelejda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis special issue builds on empirical research to provide new insights into the interrelations between collective memory and legacies of political violence in the Balkans. The contributions pay particular attention to two major issues: First, they explore the ways in which individuals and groups respond to and cope with violent pasts by investigating commemorative practices including public performances, narratives, and negotiations of counter-memories. Second, they make explicit how people select and reassemble collective memories through remembering violent pasts to create and disseminate novel forms of identity. Through interdisciplinary lenses, the studies reveal how the legacies of political violence and their lived experience become important means for people to create and mobilize collective memories that are influential enough to shape nationalistic and political realities on the ground. On a theoretical level, the articles demonstrate various ways in which collective memories enable critical discussions around a wider set of issues including national identity, nationalism, making of history, and local power games. By engaging with these concepts, the contributions question dominant framings of past events as they investigate how counter-memories and counter-powers emerge in the process of negotiating established versions of history, official narratives, and hierarchies of power.
A Framework for Aiding the Translation of Scientific Evidence into Policy: The Experience of a Hospital-Based Technology Assessment Unit
Authors: Almeida Nisha D. , Mines Lorraine , Nicolau Ioana , Sinclair Alison , Forero David Felipe , Brophy James M. , Mayo Nancy , Dendukuri Nandini 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesVery few practical frameworks exist to guide the formulation of recommendations at hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) units. The objectives of our study were: (i) to identify decision criteria specific to the context of hospital-based health technologies and interventions, (ii) to estimate the extent to which the expert community agrees on the importance of the identified criteria, (iii) to incorporate the identified criteria into a decision-aid tool, and (iv) to illustrate the application of a prototype decision-aid tool.MethodsRelevant decision criteria were identified using existing frameworks for HTA recommendations, our past experience, a literature search, and feedback from a survey of diverse stakeholders.ResultsBased on the survey results, twenty-three decision criteria were incorporated into the final framework. We defined an approach that eschewed a scoring system, but instead relied on a visual means for arriving at a final recommendation, by juxtaposing the importance rating for each criterion against the results of the health technology assessment. For a technology to be approved, a majority of criteria considered important should also have received favorable findings.ConclusionsWe created a simple and practical decision-aid tool that incorporates all decision criteria relevant to a hospital-based HTA unit. With its ease of use and accessibility, our tool renders the subjective decision-making process more structured and transparent.
New Barristers’ Information Literacy Challenges as They Transition from Education to the Workplace
Authors: Binsfeld Anne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this qualitative study is to explore new barristers’ information literacy (IL) experiences during their transition from education to the workplace. New barristers are defined as individuals currently doing pupillage or who qualified as professionals in the last two years. Although the transition into work constitutes an important period in new barristers’ legal careers during which they face many IL challenges, so far neither new barristers’ perspectives on their IL experiences nor their transition experiences have been examined in detail. The study employed semi-structured interviews to explore the IL experiences of six new barristers.* This thesis finds that new barristers face a variety of IL challenges and thus have different transition experiences. For them, legal research has emotional implications. As professionals, they have IL needs and experiences that are dissimilar from the ones they developed during their education. This impacts on the content and delivery of IL training for new barristers. The study broadens our understanding of legal IL and new legal professionals’ IL needs. It has implications for law librarians and legal educators as it throws the complexity of new barristers’ workplace IL into relief. Finally, the study offers some recommendations for IL training.
Detection of Submeter Scale Irregularities in the Low‐Latitude Ionospheric E Layer Using High VHF Radar at 205 MHz
Authors: V. Rakesh , Manoj M. G. , Mohankumar K. , Neethu M. , Samson Titu K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA preliminary study on the first‐time observation of the submeter‐scale disturbances in the ionospheric E layer above the near‐equatorial site of Cochin (10.04°N, 76.33°E; Declination: −1°37′, Inclination: 7°2′), India, using an atmospheric radar in the high very high frequency range at 205 MHz has been carried out. Selected cases of E layer disturbances observed in the 90‐ to 105‐km altitude region, during summer, equinox, and winter periods are reported. It is noted that the submeter‐scale disturbances exist in the near‐equatorial E region with a life span of few minutes to several hours. Both continuous and intermittent echoes were seen in the 90‐ to 105‐km region. The continuous irregularities remain at constant altitude initially, descend and vanish in the later stage. The E layer irregularities observed in the morning and noon were continuous, whereas the echoes after the late afternoon were quasiperiodic in nature with a lifetime of 10–15 min. However, no apparent mean Doppler is observed during this period and is expected to be associated with a turbulent cascade from long wavelengths to shorter ones.