bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new high molecular weight phosphorylated chitosans for improving corrosion protection
Authors: Coquery Clément , Negrell Claire , Caussé Nicolas , Pébère Nadine , David Ghislain 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two grades of chitosan [chitosan 30000 g mol−1 (N-chitosan 30) and 250000 g mol−1 (N-chitosan 250)] were functionalized by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction. To obtain the highest phosphonic ester grafting rate (55% and 40% for the N-chitosan 30 and N-chitosan 250, respectively), the pH must be kept constant during the reaction (pH=5). Then, a partial hydrolysis of the ester functions was carried out in HCl medium to generate phosphonic acid functions up to 25% and 20% for the N-chitosan 30 and N-chitosan 250, respectively. It was shown that the grafting of phosphonic acids on chitosan significantly reduced the dynamic viscosity. Afterwards, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed in an aqueous solution (pH=5) in the presence of either N-chitosans or P-chitosans (3 wt.%). The two native N-chitosans were little adsorbed onto the carbon steel surface and the corrosion protection was low. In contrast, the impedance results in the presence of the 30000 g mol−1 phosphorylated chitosan (P-chitosan 30) evidenced the beneficial effect of grafted phosphonic acid on its adsorption on the steel surface. The lower efficiency of the 250000 g mol−1 (P-chitosan 250) was attributed to its high molecular weight which made difficult the interactions between the phosphonic groups and the metallic surface.
Precision at the nanoscale: on the structure and property evolution of gold nanoclusters
Authors: Zeng Chenjie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chemists are often regarded as “architects”, who are capable of building up complex molecular structures in the ultrasmall-dimensional world. However, compared with organic chemistry, nanochemistry – which deals with nanoparticles in the size range from 1 to 100 nm – is less precise in terms of synthesis, composition, and structure. Such an imprecise nature of nanochemistry has impeded an in-depth understanding as well as rational control of structures and properties of nanomaterials. Motivated by this, thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (denoted as Au
n
(SR)
m
) have recently emerged as a paradigm of atomically precise nanomaterials, in which all the nanoparticles are identical to each other with the same number of core atoms (n) and surface ligands (m) as well as the atomic arrangement. In this review, we provide a demonstration of how the precise nature of Au
n
(SR)
m
nanoclusters allows one to understand, decipher and discover some important, enigmatic and intriguing issues and phenomena in nanoscience, including (i) a precise nanoscale transformation reaction induced by surface ligand exchange, (ii) the total structures of crystalline metal phases and the self-assembled surface monolayers, (iii) the periodicities and quantum confinement in nanoclusters and (iv) the emergence of hierarchical complexity in the entire nanoparticle system. We expect that such an in-depth understanding will eventually lead to the rational design and precise engineering of complex architectures at the nanoscale.
Structures of the diiodine adducts of bis(diisopropylphosphano)methane disulfide and bis(diisopropylphosphano)ethane disulfide
Authors: Strey Mark , Jones Peter G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The reaction of bis(diisopropylphosphano)methane disulfide with elemental iodine leads to a 1:1 adduct 1 in which only one sulfur atom of the disulfide coordinates to a diiodine molecule. The corresponding reaction of bis(diisopropylphosphano)ethane disulfide with iodine leads to the “standard” 1:2 adduct, in which both sulfur atoms coordinate to diiodine molecules.
Optimization of Processing Parameters for Hydrothermal Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Aloe vera Leaf Extract and Estimation of their Physico-Chemical and Antifungal Properties
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Jodeiri Naeimeh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aloe vera leaf extract has been obtained and utilized for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis by autoclave at 121 °C and 1.5 bar (pressure) for 15 min. The results of GC-MS analysis of A. vera life extract indicated that there were several natural reducing agents such as acetic acid, hexanol and ethyl amine in the A. vera peel. Central composition design and response surface methodology have been used to design the experiment and to evaluate the effect of independent variables on dependent variables, respectively. After extraction of A. vera leaf extract with different concentrations (0.5–5.5% w/v), 0.1 mL of the prepared extract has been added into different amounts of 1 mM AgNO3 solution (9.5–20.5 mL) and placed into the autoclave. The obtained results indicated that the minimum particle size (53.9 nm) and maximum concentration (46.25 ppm) and color (0.851 IU) values for synthesized AgNPs were obtained using 4.69% w/v of A. vera leaf extract and 11.1 mL of AgNO3 solution (1 mM). The zeta potential value of the synthesized AgNPs at obtained optimum conditions was +15.5 mV which indicated the high stability of the synthesized AgNPs. The high antifungal activity of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated against to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus strains.
Moisture Effects on the Undrained Dynamic Behavior of Calcareous Sand at High Strain Rates
Authors: Lv Yaru , Liu Jiagui , Zuo Dianjun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of calcareous sand at high strain rates (HSRs), which is relevant to mining industry, aircraft wheel loading, and pile driving, is still not fully understood. To investigate the effects of the moisture content, 34 HSR tests and 26 low strain rate (LSR) tests were conducted on calcareous and silica sands using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique with a rate ranging between 100 s−1 and 104 s−1 and using a mechanical testing and simulation (MTS) apparatus with a rate ranging between 10−5 s−1 and 10−1 s−1, respectively. It is found that the compression of unsaturated sand is almost larger than that of dry sand because the compressibility of particles and effective confining pressure change with moisture content. The dynamic stress–strain curve of unsaturated silica sand moves upward with moisture content at HSRs, but that of unsaturated calcareous sand is insensitive to moisture content. Compared with silica sand, calcareous sand reached its optimum capacity for energy absorption at lower stresses and energies. The energy absorption of unsaturated sand decreases with an increasing moisture content, while its transmitted load increases. To improve the cushioning properties of sand, a moderate water content is proposed.
A Multi-Sample and Multi-Channel Technique for Electrochemical Testing and Corrosion Evaluation
Authors: Ashida Yugo , Nishizawa Shinichi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A potentiostat/galvanostat system is used for conducting electrochemical experiments in aqueous environments. The conventional method is to use one sample for investigation in each experiment. To maximize the usage of a single unit electrochemical testing system, a multi-sample and multi-channel technique was developed to concurrently test multiple metal samples. This article provides detailed information on (a) preparation of a multi-sample testing piece as the working electrode of the electrochemical system, (b) configuration of a multi-channel data acquisition system for recording data when running a test, and (c) separation of data channels by posttest data processing. This technique allows the electrochemical system to study the corrosion behavior of multiple samples in the same testing solution under the same conditions, so that the accuracy of material comparison can also be significantly improved.
Automatic Recognition of Weld Defects in TOFD D-Scan Images Based on Faster R-CNN
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Huang Guoliang , Lu Chao , Chen Guo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The type recognition of a weld defect in an ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) image is lack of efficiency, stability, and reliability that is due to the limitation of experience and professional knowledge of the inspector. In this study, characteristics of a weld defect of TOFD D-scan images were analyzed, and the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) was adopted for autorecognition of the defect’s type. In the course of the training process, the proposed box configuration was optimized to improve training and recognition efficiency, and the imaging samples were expanded for training, adjusting, and verifying the Faster R-CNN. Eventually, the recognition effect and influence factors of misrecognition were analyzed. Research results show that a D-scan image of the weld defect is closely related to the defect’s shape, which can be used to decide the type a weld defect’s type. Automatic recognition of the defect’s type based on the Faster R-CNN possesses the advantages of high recognition rate, robustness, and antijamming ability, which can achieve a recognition accuracy of 80–97 % for the weld defect’s type. In addition, the analysis of misrecognition shows that it is necessary to denoise the D-scan images before autorecognition because, in the light of the noise, stripes are liable to be misrecognized as porosity and cracks in the recognition experiments.
Train Internal Noise Due to Wheel-Rail Interaction
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Jiang Junnan , Yu Wennian , Mechefske Chris K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In order to investigate different potentially effective methods to decrease the noise inside passenger trains, this article employs the acoustic-solid coupling theory and the finite element (FE)-statistical energy analysis (SEA) hybrid method to study the vibration response of the train body under wheel-rail excitation and the internal noise response caused by the vibration of the train body. The contribution of plates to the noise inside the train is also analyzed. The results show that the vibration of the floor has the greatest influence on the noise inside the train. Furthermore, compared with the FE method alone, the FE-SEA hybrid method shortens the computation time and improves the efficiency of the calculation.
Determination of Magnetic Nanoparticles Injection Characteristics for Optimal Hyperthermia Treatment of an Arbitrary Cancerous Cells Distribution
Authors: Roohi Reza , Emdad Homayoun , Jafarpur Khosrow , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
One of the most promising methods for cancer treatment that is developed substantially in theoretical and clinical fields is hyperthermia. Magnetic hyperthermia using nanoparticles has significant advantages in comparison with other hyperthermia treatments. Providing the proper dosage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the proper location(s) is one the most challenging steps of this procedure. In the present article, an efficient and robust analytical algorithm to determine the proper injection location(s) and dosage(s) in addition to the number of infusions for an arbitrary cancerous cells distribution in the tissue is presented. The method is based on temperature elevation of tumor spots to a specified amount and prevention of overheating in the nearby healthy tissues. The algorithm is based on tissue imaging, hyperthermia level decision, and implementation of inverse Fourier’s transformation, Green’s function, as well as genetic algorithm. Based on the obtained results, the algorithm can achieve 17 % and 12 % relative deviation error with respect to the desired temperature for uniform and concentrated cancerous cells distribution pattern, respectively, while for the more complex pattern examined, the error increased to 25 %, which is quite promising for the complex test case.
Excess mortality in Finnish diabetic subjects due to alcohol, accidents and suicide: a nationwide study
Authors: Niskanen Leo , Partonen Timo , Auvinen Anssi , Haukka Jari 
Published: August 2018

Aims
To characterize the burden of external causes of death attributable to alcohol-related causes, accidents and suicide among diabetic patients in a large national cohort.

Methods
The population included diabetic individuals who had purchased and received reimbursement for at least one insulin prescription and/or one oral antidiabetic drug prescription between January 1997 and December 2010, and a non-diabetic reference population matched by sex, age and area. All new insulin users in this period were included, as well as 50% of new oral drug (OAD) users as a random sample. The data were collected by means of linkage from national registries. We analyzed the cohort data using Poisson regression models separately for each end-point and by gender (mortality rate ratio (MRR)). We subjected the case-cohort data to conditional logistic regression analysis based on exposure information within 1 year of the end-point event. The follow-up started on the date of the first diabetes medication prescription and ended on 31 December 2012 or on the date of death.

Results
The study population comprised 434 629 individuals (226 372 men; diabetes population: 208 148 subjects, of whom 76% were treated only with OAD). The mean follow-up time was 7.1 years, during which there were 2832 deaths attributable to alcohol, 3187 to accidents and 853 to suicide. The diabetic subjects had higher mortality at almost all end-points, especially those treated with insulin: the adjusted MRRs for alcohol-related deaths were 1.71 for diabetic men treated with OAD and 6.92 for those on insulin; the respective MRRs for diabetic women were 2.10 and 10.60. There were more accident-related deaths among those treated with insulin (MRRs: 2.06 and 1.53 for men and women, respectively), and more suicides (MRR: 2.10 for men treated with insulin and 1.62 among women treated only with OAD). The results from the cohort study and the case-cohort study were rather similar. A time-dependent effect of diabetes was observed in alcohol-related mortality among men.

Conclusions
The findings from this large nationwide cohort indicate higher mortality attributable to suicide, alcohol-related causes and accidents among diabetic patients than among the non-diabetic population. The results emphasize the importance of effective psychosocial interventions among high-risk diabetic patients.
Pediatric Antibacterial and Antifungal Trials From 2007 to 2017
Authors: Thaden Joshua T. , Chiswell Karen , Jaffe Ian , Bergin Stephen P. , Yang William E. , Romaine Andrew , Roberts Jamie , Nambiar Sumathi , Farley John , Benjamin Daniel K. , Smith P. Brian , Tsalik Ephraim L. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The impact of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) on pediatric antibacterial or antifungal drug trials is unknown. Our objective was to identify and characterize trials conducted under the BPCA and/or the PREA.

METHODS:
Pediatric antibacterial and antifungal drug trials with industry or US federal funding registered in clinicaltrials.gov from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Those conducted under BPCA and/or PREA were identified through US Food and Drug Administration and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development databases.

RESULTS:
Of 17 495 pediatric trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov between October 2007 and September 2017, 122 systemic antibacterial or antifungal drug trials with industry or US federal funding were identified. Of these 122 trials, 98 (80%) involved antibacterials only, 23 (19%) antifungals only, and 1 (1%) both antibacterials and antifungals. These represented &lt;1% (122 of 17 495) of pediatric trials. Neither pediatric antibacterial nor antifungal drug trials commonly enrolled neonates 0 to 30 days old (30% [30 of 99] vs 42% [10 of 24], respectively). Pediatric antibacterial and antifungal trials were commonly industry funded (79% [78 of 99] and 83% [20 of 24], respectively). In total, 65% (79 of 122) of pediatric antibacterial and/or antifungal drug trials were conducted under BPCA and/or PREA. Researchers in trials conducted under BPCA and/or PREA, relative to non–BPCA and/or PREA trials, more often collected pharmacokinetic data (70% [55 of 79] vs 26% [11 of 43]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the majority of pediatric antibacterial and/or antifungal drug trials were conducted under BPCA and/or PREA, the overall number was low. Greater effort is needed to stimulate such trials.
The ego-function and sexuality in male and female patients with epilepsy
Authors: Sosnina V. G. , Saraykin D. M. , Lipatova L. V. 
Published: August 2018

Aim:to study the sexuality aspects of the “Ego-function” in male and female patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. A group of 102 respondents (52 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and 50 apparently healthy subjects) aged 19 to 45 years were examined with the help of a clinical interview and the Ammon’s Ego-Structure Test.Results.We found significant differences between men and women with epilepsy when the patients were tested for “destructive anxiety”, “constructive outer ego-demarcation”, “deficient outer ego-demarcation”, “constructive sexuality”, and “deficient sexuality”. Also, significant differences were found between women in the “healthy” and “epilepsy” groups when they were scored for “destructive anxiety”, “deficit outer ego-demarcation”, and “deficient sexuality”. Likewise, significant differences were noted between men in these two groups when scored for “deficient aggression”, “constructive outer ego-demarcation”, and “deficient sexuality”.Conclusion.Formation and maintenance of normal sexuality in patients with epilepsy is impaired by the disabled central Ego-functions.
CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TOURISM
Authors: SATROVIC Elma , MUSLIJA Adnan 
Published: August 2018

This paper applies panel data regression model to investigate the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and tourism in 113 countries during the period 1995-2015. Besides this, the paper attempts to research the potential causal relationship and cointegration between tourism industry and FDI while controlling for indicators such as consumption, trade openness and human capital. The obtained results indicate a significant positive impact of tourism on FDI. Moreover, three control variables are reported to be a significant determinant of foreign direct investments. The unidirectional causal relationship running from tourism to FDI is reported, implying that tourism allows these countries to expand their FDI. Consumption, trade openness and human capital are also reported to have a unidirectional causal relationship with FDI. Westerlund ECM panel cointegration test indicates mixed results on the cointegration between variables. Taking into account the obtained results, government can consider this relationship as an important tool for policy implication to achieve sustainable growth of the economy as well.
Nem sempre fracassamos ao falar do que amamos
Authors: Pino Claudia Amigo 
Published: August 2018

A partir de uma leitura do último ensaio de Roland Barthes (“Malogramos sempre ao falar do que amamos”) e de seu último grande projeto (o romance “Vita Nova”), o presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a tensão entre discurso e narrativa para falar do amor. Para isso, recorremos – além das obras já citadas do autor – aos Fragmentos de um discurso amoroso, A câmara clara e Incidentes.
A forma severa - Ajustes de roteiro em Murilo Mendes
Authors: Castañon Guimarães Júlio 
Published: August 2018

O artigo aborda as mudanças por que passou a obra de Murilo Mendes em seu período final, quando o poeta viveu na Europa. Tem como ponto de partida principal o exame das referências que Murilo Mendes faz em correspondência com João Cabral de Melo Neto a suas leituras da literatura italiana. Os comentários que faz dessas leituras revelam um estudo minucioso dos textos, o que permite a hipótese de que esse aspecto tenha tido papel importante no desenvolvimento da produção de Murilo Mendes nesse período final de sua obra. Ao mesmo tempo em que afirma não estar escrevendo poesia, volta-se para o estudo detalhado de minúcias da obra poética de alguns autores, como Dante, Guido Cavalcanti e Petrarca. As cartas revelam também sua preocupação com a escrita de textos em prosa e sua crescente preocupação formal. O artigo procura, em suma, articular esses elementos em função de uma melhor compreensão do projeto final da obra de Murilo Mendes.
VARIASI ARAH AKSIAL BATANG (PANGKAL DAN UJUNG) TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKA PAPAN LAMINASI KAYU KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L) DAN KAYU NANGKA (Arthocarpus heterophyllus L) Variation of Stem Axial Direction (Base and Top) to the Mechanical Properties of Laminated Board of Coconut Wood (Cocos nucifera L) and Jackfruit Wood (Arthocarpus heterophyllus L)
Authors: Violet Violet , Agustina Agustina 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical properties (MoE and MoR) and the bonding strength of laminated board made of coconat wood and jackfruit wood, based on the number of layers (3 and 5 layers) and the axial part of the stem (base and top) with 1,5 cm board thickness. The results showed that the mechanical properties (MoE and MoR) and bonding strength for 3 and 5 layers of the base of the stems were better than the 3 and 5 layers of the top part. Characteristics of laminated board decreases from the base of stem to the top of stem. The higher number of layers, MoE value tend to decrease, on the contrary MoR value tend to increase. PVAc glue properties can make good bonding strength with low wood damage percentage. The results of this study showed that the best axial direction used in the manufacture of laminate board is the base of the stem. The result of laminated board can be used as construction materials of light building, furniture and other interior equipments.Keywords : Coconut wood; Jackfruit wood; laminated board; mechanical properties; bonding strengthTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat mekanika (MoE dan MoR) dan keteguhan rekat papan laminasi yang terbuat dari kayu kelapa dan kayu nangka berdasarkan jumlah lapisan (3 dan 5 lapis) dan bagian aksial batang (pangkal dan ujung) dengan ketebalan papan penyusun sebesar 1,5 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat mekanika (MoE dan MoR) dan keteguhan rekat 3 dan 5 lapis bagian pangkal batang lebih baik dibandingkan 3 dan 5 lapis bagian ujung. Karakteristik kayu laminasi menurun dari bagian pangkal batang kebagian ujung batang. Semakin banyak jumlah lapisan maka nilai MoE semakin menurun, sedangkan nilai MoR semakin tinggi. Kekuatan perekat PVAc mampu menghasilkan keteguhan rekat yang baik dengan persentase kerusakan kayu yang rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa arah aksial terbaik yang digunakan dalam pembuatan papan laminasi adalah bagian pangkal. Hasil penelitian papan laminasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kontruksi bangunan ringan, meubel dan pembangunan interior lainnya.Kata Kunci : Kayu Kelapa; Kayu Nangka; Papan Laminasi; Sifat Mekanika; Keteguhan Rekat