bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea
Authors: Chen Si , Steel Ronald , Wang Hua , Zhao Rui , Olariu Cornel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe South China Sea continental margin in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) area has incrementally prograded since 10.5 Ma generating a margin sediment prism more than 4km‐thick and 150–200 km wide above the well‐dated T40 stratigraphic surface. Core and well log data, as well as clinoform morphology and growth patterns along 28 2D seismic reflection lines, illustrate the evolving architecture and margin morphology; through five main seismic‐stratigraphic surfaces (T40, T30, T27, T20 and T0) frame 15 clinothems in the southwest that reduce over some 200 km to 8 clinoforms in the northeast. The overall margin geometry shows a remarkable change from sigmoidal, strongly progradational and aggradational in the west to weakly progradational in the east. Vertical sediment accumulation rate increased significantly across the entire margin after 2.4 Ma, with a marked increase in mud content in the succession. Furthermore, an estimate of sediment flux across successive clinoforms on each of the three selected seismic cross sections indicate an overall decrease in sediment discharge west to east, away from the Red River depocenter, as well as a decrease in the percentage of total discharge crossing the shelf break in this same direction. The QDNB Late Cenozoic continental margin growth, with its overall increased sediment flux, responded to the climate‐induced, gradual cooling and falling global sea level during this icehouse period.
Impact of Process Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care on Academic Outcomes: Longitudinal Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ulferts Hannah , Wolf Katrin M. , Anders Yvonne 
Published: August 2019

This meta‐analysis studies the association of pedagogical processes in early childhood care and education with outcomes in two academic domains: language and literacy as well as mathematics. It synthesizes evidence from 17 longitudinal studies in nine European countries with 16,461 children in regular center‐based care spanning the period between ages 3 and 16. Results of a three‐level meta‐analysis provided small overall effect sizes for both global and domain‐specific process quality, and indicated lasting associations with academic development over children’s school career (ES = .11, Cohen’s d = .22, and ES = .10, Cohen’s d = .20). Effects varied by outcome domain, type of process measure, and differences in adopted analyses, with important implications for pedagogical practice and future research.
Older people with swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health are at greater risk of early death
Authors: Hägglund Patricia , Koistinen Susanne , Olai Lena , Ståhlnacke Katri , Wester Per , Levring Jäghagen Eva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the associations between swallowing dysfunction, poor oral health and mortality among older people in intermediate care in Sweden.MethodsThis prospective cohort study investigated 391 older people in 36 intermediate care units (clusters). Swallowing function was assessed with the timed water swallow test (TWST), and oral health with the revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) at baseline. Data were collected on age, sex, education level, multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, care dependency and body mass index (BMI). Time to mortality was recorded during the following year. The mixed effects Cox regression model with cluster as a random factor was used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe median age of the participants was 84 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 11), and 53.3% were females. Mortality within one year was 25.1%. In the adjusted model, swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health were both independently associated with mortality (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.67, 95% CI 1.02‐2.75; P = .041 and aHR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.07‐3.65; P = .029, respectively). Participants with combined swallowing dysfunction and poor oral health showed the highest mortality (35.0%) and 2.6 (95% CI 1.15‐5.89; P = .022) times higher mortality risk than those with normal swallowing function and good oral health (13.0%).ConclusionsSwallowing dysfunction and poor oral health were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in older people in intermediate care. Although further studies are required to verify these findings, they suggest that systematic assessment of swallowing function and oral health status should be performed for care considerations.
Higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels in the first trimester are associated with gestational diabetes in a Chinese population
Authors: Leng J. , Li W. , Wang L. , Zhang S. , Liu H. , Li W. , Wang S. , Shao P. , Pan L. , Wang S. , Liu E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between maternal thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels during the first trimester and gestational diabetes risk.MethodsIn Tianjin, China, 7258 women underwent a thyroid‐stimulating hormone screening test within 12 gestational weeks and then had a glucose challenge test at 24–28 weeks of gestational age. The women with a glucose challenge test ≥7.8 mmol/l underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed following International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore full‐range risk associations of thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels with gestational diabetes. Logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn all, 594 women (8.2%) had gestational diabetes. Among women with thyroid‐stimulating hormone ≤3.2 mIU/l, a positive association between thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and gestational diabetes risk was found (adjusted OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.27). There was no relationship between thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and gestational diabetes risk in univariable and multivariable analyses among women with thyroid‐stimulating hormone >3.2 mIU/l. In subgroup analyses, among women with thyroid‐stimulating hormone ≤3.2 mIU/l and BMI ≥25 kg/m2, the adjusted odds ratio for thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels with gestational diabetes was enhanced to 1.25 (95% CI: 1.02–1.53).ConclusionsIn pregnant Chinese women, thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels even within normal range in the first trimester were positively related to gestational diabetes risk, especially for pre‐pregnancy overweight/obese women.
EEG before and after total corpus callosotomy for pharmacoresistant infantile spasms: Fast oscillations and slow‐wave connectivity in hypsarrhythmia
Authors: Baba Shiro , Vakorin Vasily A. , Doesburg Sam M. , Nagamori Chizuko , Cortez Miguel A. , Honda Ryoko , Ono Tomonori , Toda Keisuke , Nishimoto Hanako , Ebihara Toshihiro , Sakai Kana , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Baba Hiroshi , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the features of fast oscillations (FOs) and connectivity in hypsarrhythmia to identify biomarkers for predicting seizure outcomes after total corpus callosotomy (TCC) in children with pharmacoresistant infantile spasms (IS). We hypothesize that the power of FOs and connectivity of slow waves in hypsarrhythmia would indicate the prognosis of IS.MethodWe retrospectively identified 42 children with pharmacoresistant IS who underwent TCC from 2009 to 2014 at Nagasaki Medical Center. We collected preoperative hypsarrhythmia for 200 seconds from each child. Children were categorized into three groups with interictal epileptic discharges on EEG at 6 months after TCC: group A, no epileptic discharge; group B, lateralized epileptic discharges; and group C; bilateral epileptic discharges. We analyzed spectral power and phase synchronization in preoperative hypsarrhythmia among the three groups.ResultsWe found 10 children in group A, 10 children in group B, and 22 children in group C. All group A and 1 in group B achieved seizure freedom after TCC. Six (67%) of 9 group B children who underwent further surgeries achieved seizure freedom. Ten (45%) of group C children had seizure reduction >50% after TCC, and 13 (87%) of 15 children who underwent further surgeries had residual seizures. The clinical profiles of the three groups did not differ significantly. The power of FOs (≥45 Hz) in hypsarrhythmia was significantly stronger in group C at the midline and temporal regions than in groups B and A (P = .014). The connectivity of theta (4‐9 Hz) and FOs (29‐70 Hz) tended to increase in group C, compared with the increased connectivity of 1‐2 Hz in group A (P = .08).SignificanceThe increased power and connectivity of FOs in hypsarrhythmia may correlate with pharmacoresistant and surgically resistant seizures in IS. The existence and connectivity of FOs are associated with unilateral/bilateral cortical epileptogenicity in hypsarrhythmia. Prominent slow waves and connectivity without FOs might correlate with seizure freedom after TCC. Modulation of the callosal system with subcortical/cortical epileptic discharges might play a role in generating hypsarrhythmia and IS.
Tracking a changing paradigm and the modern face of epilepsy surgery: A comprehensive and critical review on the hunt for the optimal extent of resection in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sheikh Shehryar R. , Nair Dileep , Gross Robert E. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurgical management of medically intractable epilepsy was historically based on the premise of excising the presumed substrate of disease, that is, “the epileptogenic zone.” There was early interest in establishing the extent of resection of the temporal lobe that optimized postoperative reduction in seizure burden while preserving neurocognitive function. Studies approaching this question used varied methods of defining and measuring “extent,” complicating the task of distilling evidence‐based recommendations for surgical practice. A palpable shift in the paradigm of surgical epilepsy has gained traction and greatly altered not only the kind of studies being undertaken but the focus of inquiry itself. Key to this paradigm shift has been the increasingly well‐held notion that epilepsy, far from being a disease of a single problem focus, is rather a disease of a problem network. Where a former generation of investigators labored to find an optimal extent of resection, concentrating on magnetic resonance imaging–visible lesions and on standardization of the extent of resection (ie, “standard temporal lobectomy”), the modern strategy is more concerned with understanding network activation and its concordance with presurgical clinical and electrophysiological features and the organization of epileptic activity over time. The vital lessons of the early literature investigating optimal extent of resection, however, remain informative to the field, and it is worthwhile to contextualize them within the modern network‐focused paradigm. In this comprehensive review of the literature, we aim to recapitulate the major findings of the “optimal extent of resection” literature (focusing on both seizure control and neuropsychological outcomes) and distill wherever possible the consensus findings that may guide surgical approach to epileptic disease of the temporal lobe. We also review the particular implications of modern laser ablation techniques on the question of “optimal extent of resection” in temporal lobe epilepsy, and contextualize them as a marker of a shifting paradigm.
Sexual function in people with epilepsy: Similarities and differences with the general population
Authors: Henning Oliver , Johannessen Landmark Cecilie , Træen Bente , Svendsen Torleiv , Farmen Anette , Nakken Karl O. , Lossius Morten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe potential impact of epilepsy on sexual function is important for patient welfare, but often neglected. This study explored the occurrences of different sexual problems in patients with both well‐controlled and mostly refractory epilepsy, and compared these with equivalent information from the general population.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2017, a total of 221 adult inpatients and outpatients, mostly with intractable epilepsy, at the National Centre for Epilepsy in Norway, and 78 outpatients with well‐controlled epilepsy at Lillehammer hospital participated in a questionnaire survey on sexual function. Information on the individual patient's epilepsy was collected. The results were compared with equivalent data on sexual function from 1671 adult Norwegians in the general population.ResultsPatients with epilepsy reported a significantly higher frequency of problems with orgasm, dyspareunia, erectile dysfunction, and feelings of sexual deviance. However, reduced sexual desire, premature ejaculation/climax, and vaginal dryness occurred at similar frequencies in the general population. After controlling for gender, we found no significant association between sexual problems and seizure control or use of enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs. In both genders, feelings of sexual deviance were associated with lower quality of life. Fewer patients with epilepsy were satisfied with their sex lives. The perception of sex as an important part of daily life was similar among women with epilepsy and women from the general population, whereas significantly fewer men with epilepsy than men in the general population reported that sex was an important part of their daily lives. Women with mostly refractory epilepsy reported asking for help with their sexual problems significantly more often than women in the other groups.SignificanceSome sexual problems occur significantly more often in patients with epilepsy than in the general population and feelings of sexual deviancy occur more frequently. No epilepsy‐related factors could be identified as specific predictors.
Impairment of Th cell response in Card9 knockout mice with cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus
Authors: Sun Lingyue , Wan Zhe , Li Ruoyu , Yu Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCard9 is a signalling adaptor protein in the downstream of many innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and exerts a significant role in antifungal immunity. To date, Card9 deficiency has been reported to be related to increased susceptibility to many fungal infections. In this study, we established mucormycosis murine model of Rhizopus arrhizus (R. arrhizus) using wild‐type (WT) mice and Card9 knockout (Card9−/−) mice to investigate the antifungal effect of Card9 against R. arrhizus infection. Card9−/− mice were more susceptible to R. arrhizus infection than WT mice, which could be related to the impaired NF‐κB pathway activation, local cytokine production and Th cell responses in Card9−/− mice.
Patterns of differentiation in the life history and demography of four recently described species of the Brachionus calyciflorus cryptic species complex
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lemmen Kimberley D. , Zhou Libin , Papakostas Spiros , Declerck Steven A. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Brachionus calyciflorus is arguably the most studied freshwater monogonont rotifer. Although it has been recognised as a cryptic species complex for more than a decade, a formal (re‐)description of the four species known so far (B. calyciflorus, Brachionus dorcas, Brachionus elevatus, and Brachionus fernandoi) has only recently been made. Information on the ecology of these species is very scant and fragmented. The aim of this study was to test for ecological divergence between these four species, specifically their life history strategy and population demography.

We conducted a life history experiment using 12–16 genotypes per species. For each species, genotypes were extracted from at least three different natural populations. In addition, we performed population‐level culture experiments with the aim to compare population growth rates and demographic structure of experimental populations among species. Finally, we searched the literature for life history studies with molecular data allowing retrospective species identification.

We found pronounced differences in life history traits between B. fernandoi and the other three species. B. fernandoi had higher egg and juvenile development times and a lower egg production rate and mictic ratio. We detected no significant life history differences among B. calyciflorus, B. elevatus, and B. dorcas.

Population growth rates of B. fernandoi and B. calyciflorus were higher than those of B. elevatus and B. dorcas. Life history divergence resulted in marked differences in the demographic structure of populations. Populations of B. fernandoi contained larger fractions of pre‐reproductive females and lower fractions of adult females with sexual eggs than populations of B. calyciflorus, B. elevatus, and B. dorcas. Mortality was found to be highest in B. elevatus and lowest in B. calyciflorus populations.

Our results show that a reverse taxonomy approach is powerful in revealing sources of variation in ecologically relevant traits of cryptic species, such as life history and demographic structure. Explicit consideration of this variation is crucial for future studies of their dynamics in natural communities.
Real‐Time Geoelectric Monitoring of Seepage into Sand and Clay Layer
Authors: Lyu Chao , Sun Qiang , Zhang Weiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe migration of groundwater in rock and soil can appear as abnormalities in geoelectric fields. It is therefore important to study the characteristics of seepage in porous media by measuring the geoelectric field signatures. In this study, a physical model with layers of sand and clay was constructed and an electrical resistivity meter was used to examine the changes in the geoelectric field parameters during the infiltration process. The results show that the infiltration could be detected based on the geoelectric signatures including temporal changes through the spontaneous potential, excitation currents, and apparent resistivity. Specifically, the spontaneous potential was reduced by 100 to 200 mV when the water reaches an electrode. During the second water injection in the experiment, the measured spontaneous potential of all the electrodes recovered to the previous extreme values that range from −200 to −550 mV, thus indicating a “memory” effect. With stepwise changes in the excitation current, it was possible to determine the seepage velocity in sand and clay layer. The apparent resistivity is reduced to less than 400 Ωm when the infiltration reaches the electrodes. These results indicate the potential for real‐time monitoring of water flow.
Long‐term outcomes of pediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis: A single‐center experience in Japan
Authors: Umetsu Shuichiro , Notohara Kenji , Nakazawa Takahiro , Tsunoda Tomoyuki , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Komatsu Haruki , Tanaka Atsushi , Tazuma Susumu , Takikawa Hajime , Inui Ayano , Fujisawa Tomoo 
Published: August 2019

AimPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is very rare in Japan. Although a large‐scale cohort study of 781 pediatric‐onset PSC patients in Europe and North America showed that the 5‐year survival with native liver was 88%, the long‐term outcomes of pediatric‐onset PSC in Japan are unknown. Here, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of pediatric‐onset PSC in Japan.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study with a medical records review of pediatric PSC patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2017 at a single center. The PSC diagnoses were based on cholangiography, liver histology, and biochemical findings. The patients' survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsWe identified 39 pediatric‐onset PSC patients (22 boys, 17 girls). The median age at diagnosis was 9 years (interquartile range 6.0–13.5 years). The median follow‐up period was 5.5 years (interquartile range 3.4–8.7 years). The phenotypes of PSC‐autoimmune hepatitis, PSC‐inflammatory bowel disease, and small‐duct PSC were diagnosed in 13 (33.3%), 36 out of 38 (94.8%), and three (7.7%) patients, respectively. The 5‐year liver transplantation‐free survival of the whole cohort was 93.5%. Nine patients underwent liver transplantation, and four of these nine cases resulted in death. Both the univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the phenotype of “PSC‐autoimmune hepatitis overlap” was an independent poor prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe overall survival of pediatric‐onset PSC in Japan was comparable to those in Western countries. The phenotype of PSC‐autoimmune hepatitis was identified as a prognostic factor associated with a poorer long‐term outcome.
Impact of social media use on student satisfaction in Higher Education
Authors: Rahman Shahedur , Ramakrishnan Thiagarajan , Ngamassi Louis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial media has transformed the communication landscape for institutions of Higher Education by providing improved teaching and learning experience. However, very little is known as to whether the use of social media by Higher Education students improves their satisfaction. Grounded in social media, risk and technology acceptance literature, this paper examines Higher Education students' perceptions of social media use (SMU) and the impact of SMU on their satisfaction. Data collected from the students were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The study finds that: (1) perceived usefulness of social media has positive effect on the use of social media in student learning; (2) perceived risk of using social media discourages the use of the tool, and (3) SMU has positive effect on student satisfaction. The study further discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
A classification of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on structured histopathology
Authors: Brescia Giuseppe , Alessandrini Lara , Giacomelli Luciano , Parrino Daniela , Zanotti Claudia , Tealdo Giulia , Franz Leonardo , Carraro Valentina , Barion Umberto , Marioni Gino 
Published: August 2019

AimsIn chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), tools based on objective evidence, such as histopathology, are needed to assist clinical decision‐making. The main aim of this exploratory investigation was to determine whether structured histopathology could be used to classify CRSwNP in homogeneous histological clusters.Methods and resultsA cohort of 135 CRSwNP patients was assessed, on the basis of clinicopathological features: allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (17 patients); non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease (19 patients); intrinsic asthma (18 patients); extrinsic asthma (21 patients); allergy (21 patients); histologically eosinophilic (22 patients); and histologically non‐eosinophilic (17 patients). For structured histopathology, we considered: the degree of inflammation; eosinophil count; eosinophil aggregates; neutrophil infiltration; goblet cell hyperplasia; basement membrane thickening; fibrosis; hyperplastic/papillary changes; squamous metaplasia; mucosal ulceration; and subepithelial oedema. Cluster analysis identified four distinct sets of cases. On discriminant analysis, the global error rate was 1.48%, and the stratified error rates were 4.34%, 0%, 0%, and 0% for clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Cluster 1 was characterised by infrequent fibrosis (<4.5% of cases). Cluster 2 mainly featured neutrophil infiltration in 100% of cases, hyperplastic/papillary changes in 70% of cases, and fibrosis in 65% of cases. Cluster 3 showed fibrosis in 100% of cases. Cluster 4 showed hyperplastic/papillary changes in 100% of cases, and fibrosis in 92% of cases.ConclusionsThis study shows that cluster analysis can identify different histotypes among CRSwNP patients. The next step will be to investigate, in a larger series, the clinical (e.g. prognostic) implications of identifying such homogeneous clusters of patients with CRSwNP on the basis of their structured histopathology.