bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deliberative Democracy’s Turn to Lottery-Based Institutions
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the tradition of deliberative democracy. Given the prominent role of deliberative democrats in developing lottery-based institutions like deliberative minipublics, it is important to analyze their distinctive motivations and concerns since they are quite different from those of the precursors of the lottery revival and provide essential cues for understanding the rise of the lottocratic mentality. As discussed in detail earlier, the core normative commitments of deliberative democracy are ultimately incompatible with key elements of the lottocratic mentality. But, the deliberative paradigm is capacious and ambiguous enough to enable and even foster the development of that mentality. Highlighting the tensions between the core commitments of deliberative democracy and the lottocratic mentality is also important for our argument in the last chapter of the book where we defend the view that lottery-based institutions could serve genuine democratic aims but only if scholars and practitioners reject the lottocratic mentality
The Clash Between Electoral Democracy and Lottocracy
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies and evaluates three different types of proposals for using lottery-based institutions depending on the position each of them takes vis-à-vis the institutions of representative democracy as follows: substitution, complementarity, and auxiliary. While the first two models are guided by the lottocratic mentality, the last model is perfectly consistent with the institutional imaginary that belongs to democracy since its proposals are designed to supplement and enhance the democratic functions of electoral institutions without questioning or undermining their legislative power and the voting power of citizens. In its ancient and recent history, democracy has demonstrated an extraordinary creative ability to respond to the problems of governing society with institutions and procedures that were always consistent with the self-government principle of equal political freedom. This should also be true of the new forms of citizen deliberation that lottery-based institutions can activate.
The Democratic Alternative
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on proposals for institutionalizing minipublics. We argue that these proposals can follow two different approaches: either the lottocratic approach that would give minipublics advisory or even decision-making authority while bypassing the citizenry or the participatory approach that would empower the citizenry to initiate public debate, set the political agenda, influence the decision-making process, and/or have the final say on certain political decisions. Whereas the first approach aims to empower the few to do the thinking, deliberating, and deciding for the rest of the citizenry, the second approach aims to empower the citizenry to have greater influence over the political process. We analyze two proposals that follow the latter approach: citizen-initiated citizens’ assemblies and deliberative agenda setting for ballot propositions. There are many more possibilities. The point of our analysis is simply to show that minipublics could genuinely contribute to democratization if the lottocratic mentality is abandoned.
Medical dominance and the law: European medical exiles in Tasmania, 1933–1951
Authors: Wolf Gabrielle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Doctors who escaped Nazi-occupied Europe and immigrated to Australia were greeted mostly with hostility by representatives of the local medical profession. Australian doctors agitated for amendment of legislation that governed registration of medical practitioners in each state, so that it removed any legal entitlement of the European medical exiles to practise medicine. Tasmania’s Parliament was the first Australian legislature to accede to these medical practitioners’ pressure, and did so before the Second World War began. This article explores reasons for both the particular eagerness of the Tasmanian medical profession to prevent the émigrés from practising medicine and its capacity to achieve its objective so quickly. This analysis provides a case study of how doctors attempted to use licensing laws to entrench the dominance of the medical profession.
Tissue Contraction With Helium-Based Plasma Radiofrequency Technology: A Preliminary Report of Initial Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Nichols Christopher , Albershardt Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Application of helium-based plasma radiofrequency (RF; Renuvion, Apyx Medical, Clearwater, FL) in the subcutaneous plane results in tissue coagulation and contraction. Although, traditionally, the impact of thermal devices on skin laxity is assessed by measuring changes in skin surface area, this indirect measure does not permit intraoperative assessment or differentiation of effects from various treatments.

Objectives
To determine the amount of soft tissue contraction achieved by multiple passes of helium plasma RF energy to the subcutaneous connective tissues following power-assisted liposuction (PAL).

Methods
In this single-center study, 4 patients were assessed using real-time ultrasound measurements at baseline and following both PAL and each pass with helium plasma RF.

Results
Based on changes in the distance from the skin (dermal basement membrane) to Scarpa's fascia, PAL produced an average reduction of 36.7% (standard deviation [SD] 14.6; range, 24.7%-58.6%) because of the fat removal. Contraction observed with helium plasma RF was greatest for the first pass, with a mean decrease of 27.0% (SD 19.6; range, 4.5%-52.1%) in distance relative to distance measured following liposuction. Subsequent passes resulted in additional incremental contraction relative to previous treatment pass: 17.0% (5.1) for Pass 2, 7.7% (17.5) for Pass 3, and 7.1% (5.5) for Pass 4. Overall, helium plasma RF resulted in an average contraction of 44.0% (SD 17.2; range, 27.1%-59.4%) in the skin-to-Scarpa-fascia measurement.

Conclusions
Helium plasma RF improved tissue contraction following PAL by an average of 44%, and data suggest that the greatest increase in tissue contraction is obtained by the first treatment pass.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Therapeutic)
FAPM: functional annotation of proteins using multimodal models beyond structural modeling
Authors: Xiang Wenkai , Xiong Zhaoping , Chen Huan , Xiong Jiacheng , Zhang Wei , Fu Zunyun , Zheng Mingyue , Liu Bing , Shi Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Assigning accurate property labels to proteins, like functional terms and catalytic activity, is challenging, especially for proteins without homologs and “tail labels” with few known examples. Previous methods mainly focused on protein sequence features, overlooking the semantic meaning of protein labels.

Results
We introduce functional annotation of proteins using multimodal models (FAPM), a contrastive multimodal model that links natural language with protein sequence language. This model combines a pretrained protein sequence model with a pretrained large language model to generate labels, such as Gene Ontology (GO) functional terms and catalytic activity predictions, in natural language. Our results show that FAPM excels in understanding protein properties, outperforming models based solely on protein sequences or structures. It achieves state-of-the-art performance on public benchmarks and in-house experimentally annotated phage proteins, which often have few known homologs. Additionally, FAPM’s flexibility allows it to incorporate extra text prompts, like taxonomy information, enhancing both its predictive performance and explainability. This novel approach offers a promising alternative to current methods that rely on multiple sequence alignment for protein annotation.

Availability and implementation
The online demo is at: https://huggingface.co/spaces/wenkai/FAPM_demo.
The unpredictability of phishing susceptibility: results from a repeated measures experiment
Authors: Sommestad Teodor , Karlzén Henrik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Phishing attacks via email remain a popular and cost-effective alternative for attackers looking to penetrate computer networks. A number of experiments suggest that a person’s susceptibility to this type of deception depends on the phishing email. In field experiments, three variables found to be important are: the scam represented in the email, to what extent the email has been adapted to recipient, and to what extent influence techniques are used. These variables have intricate interdependencies, and the overall scam of the message often constrains how the message can be adapted using influence techniques. In this study, a multilevel model is used. Scam is added cluster variable, and the other two are added as predictor variables. Thus, variations in the overall scam are controlled for before the effect impact of adaptations and use of influence techniques is estimated. In total, 2294 emails were sent to 102 participants and it is measured if they click links provided in emails (N = 1953) or run executables referenced in emails (N = 2199). The results show that the difference in scam in the message results in 6% variance in susceptibility to phishing links, and 3% variance in susceptibility to executing code. When controlling for the scam, no robust relationships were found between the remaining variables and phishing susceptibility. It is discussed if previous research has overestimated the impact of adaptation and influence techniques, e.g. because of the interdependency between the variables and the scam.
Origin tracking of Brucella strain B. melitensics bv.3 ARQ-070 using biochemical and genomic studies
Authors: Ta Na , Zuo Ke-Ming , Gao Jing , Guan Na , Song Li-Tao , Wen Yong-Jun , Yu Rui-Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To conduct an origin tracking and genomic study of the Brucella strain B. melitensis bv.3 ARQ-070, with the aim of addressing the challenges posed by the highly conserved genome of Brucella to conventional typing methods and to gain an understanding of the geographic distribution and interspecies transmission of this pathogen in China. Differentiation and genotyping were established via biochemical profiles and polymerase chain reaction. Illumina MiSeq® was applied to sequence the Brucella isolates. Using multilocus sequence typing and Fisher’s exact test was used for the KEGG enrichment analysis of differential genes. Differential gene protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING database and visualization was performed using. According to the final identification results of an A/M serum agglutination test. ARQ-070 was identified as the No. 3 white spirulina biological variety, and mM was identified as the No. 1 white Spirulina biological variety. The genetic information of this strain is very close to that of the M5 vaccine strain, suggesting possible vaccine-escape infection. In the comparative genomics analysis with B. melitensis bv.1 16 M, the main differences between the B. melitensis strains were found to be concentrated in the genes related to amino acid metabolism and environmental perception. A base mutation was found in the Brucella gene virB9, which is associated with the key virulence factor of the type IV secretion system, but this mutation did not lead to changes in the protein’s tertiary structure, and the strain did not lose its infectivity. The study discovered a base mutation in the virB9 gene of Brucella, which is linked to T4SS but does not affect the protein’s structure or the strain’s infectivity. This mutation could influence public health approaches to detecting and preventing Brucella transmission. Future research aims to analyse a wider range of Brucella strains for a deeper understanding of their epidemiology.
Marginal interaction test for detecting interactions between genetic marker sets and environment in genome-wide studies
Authors: Shen Linchuan , Amei Amei , Liu Bowen , Xu Gang , Liu Yunqing , Oh Edwin C , Zhou Xin , Wang Zuoheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As human complex diseases are influenced by the interaction between genetics and the environment, identifying gene–environment interactions (G×E) is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and predicting risk. Developing robust quantitative tools for G×E analysis can enhance the study of complex diseases. However, many existing methods that explore G×E focus on the interplay between an environmental factor and genetic variants, exclusively for common or rare variants. In this study, we developed MAGEIT_RAN and MAGEIT_FIX to identify interactions between an environmental factor and a set of genetic markers, including both rare and common variants, based on the MinQue for Summary statistics. The genetic main effects in MAGEIT_RAN and MAGEIT_FIX are modeled as random and fixed effects, respectively. Simulation studies showed that both tests had type I error under control, with MAGEIT_RAN being the most powerful test. Applying MAGEIT to a genome-wide analysis of gene–alcohol interactions on hypertension and seated systolic blood pressure in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis revealed genes like EIF2AK2, CCNDBP1, and EPB42 influencing blood pressure through alcohol interaction. Pathway analysis identified 1 apoptosis and survival pathway involving PKR and 2 signal transduction pathways associated with hypertension and alcohol intake, demonstrating MAGEIT_RAN's ability to detect biologically relevant gene–environment interactions.
Charting new territory: the early lessons in integrating social determinant of health (SDOH) measures into practice
Authors: Nava Adrianna , Bishop Kristen , Lissin Polina , Harrington Rachel L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quality measures for social determinants of health (SDOH) have been introduced or proposed in more than 20 federal programs, initiatives, or guidance documents to capture performance, but understanding the scope of work needed to effectively collect and align with these new measurement requirements is still in its early stages. The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) recently developed the Social Need Screening and Intervention (SNS-E) measure and is currently building 2 new domains of interest: utility insecurity and social connection. Before these domains can be leveraged to drive population health, the feasibility of collecting and reporting on them must be assessed. This report describes qualitative data collection on the barriers and facilitators of collecting data elements for utility insecurity and social connection from 8 diverse health plans. Although plans reported that collecting SDOH data was feasible, they identified barriers associated with multiple data systems, coding, as well as data formatting, storage, extraction, and mapping. Further research is needed to explore additional codes, mechanisms for collecting SDOH data in a patient-centric manner, and ensuring that health plans, health care systems, and community partners can align with national measurement initiatives. Standardizing these data will be key to improving outcomes for all.
Robotic-enhanced hybrid ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia: a world-first approach
Authors: Khalpey Zain , Kumar Ujjawal , Abraham Alyssa , Krauthammer Yoaav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe a world-first robotic ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia. A 26-year-old woman with refractory inappropriate sinus tachycardia underwent robotic-enhanced hybrid ablation, combining electrophysiological mapping with superior visualization and access compared to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approaches. Ablations normalized the heart rate from 120 to 70 bpm. At one- and six-month follow-ups, she reported symptom resolution and improved quality of life. Holter monitoring confirmed no tachycardic episodes. This presents a promising alternative for patients who have exhausted conventional treatments, potentially revolutionizing inappropriate sinus tachycardia management.
SFIAplus V9 is Here!
Authors: Belcher Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
If you're not already using the SFIAplus competency framework for your skills development and career planning, now's the time to get on board. With 26 brand new skills, three new sub-categories and 177 new skills levels — all packed with real-world detail — the V9 update is the most comprehensive yet, reflecting the continuing development and ubiquitous impact of today's tech industry.
What Constitutes Experiences of Autonomy in Digital Technology Use? A (Computational) Scoping Review Through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Dietrich Felix , Arenz Anisha , Reinecke Leonard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The use of digital communication technologies such as social media, mobile phones, instant messaging, or games, has been found to differentially satisfy and frustrate users’ need for autonomy. Consequently, such technology use can have differential and divergent effects, for example on users’ well-being and mental health. Through our (computational) scoping review of a very broad literature base, we find that many different research perspectives are involved in the study of what constitutes need-based experiences of autonomy in digital technology use. To advance the application of self-determination theory in human–computer interaction, communication research, and beyond, we seek to explain the complex relationship of technology use and individuals’ autonomy need experiences by integrating insights from these diverse perspectives. Based on the heterogenous and often weak theoretical basis within the investigated literature, we suggest that future research should differentiate between control as the central technology-centered (i.e. material) component and authenticity as the core user-centered (i.e. experiential) component, which together constitute experiences of autonomy need satisfaction in digital technology use. Furthermore, it should consider relevant contextual and situational boundary conditions, which can be derived from the reviewed literature.
The distinctive pharmacokinetic profile of rezafungin, a long-acting echinocandin developed in the era of modern pharmacometrics
Authors: Andes David , Brüggemann Roger J , Flanagan Shawn , Lepak Alexander J , Lewis Russell E , Ong Voon , Rubino Christopher M , Sandison Taylor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Echinocandin drugs are the current first-line therapy for fungal infections caused by Candida spp. Most patients require once-daily intravenous (IV) administration in a hospital or outpatient setting for treatment, which may negatively impact their quality of life and stress healthcare resources. Similar to other echinocandins, the novel FDA-, EMA-, and Medical and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency-approved echinocandin, rezafungin (CD101), exhibited strong antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens and a low drug–drug interaction liability, which are important for medically complex patients. A pharmacometric-based approach has been adopted throughout the development of rezafungin, which contrasts with older echinocandins where dosing regimens were largely derived empirically, and only recently based on pharmacometric guidance. This state-of-the-art approach used model-based simulations incorporating pre-clinical and clinical data as it became available to optimize the dosing regimen for rezafungin. The enhanced stability of the molecular structure and the safety profile of rezafungin allow for the administration of once-weekly IV doses, compared to the daily dosing requirement for other echinocandin drugs, with this distinctive pharmacokinetic profile of rezafungin resulting in a front-loaded dosing regimen with high exposures early in therapy for enhanced fungal killing. The long shelf-life of rezafungin makes this echinocandin more flexible in terms of storage and manufacturing. Demonstrated across clinical development, rezafungin may provide patients with next-generation first-line antifungal treatment for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis.
State of the art of real-life concentration monitoring of rifampicin and its implementation contextualized in resource-limited settings: the Tanzanian case
Authors: Petermann Yuan J , Said Bibie , Cathignol Annie E , Sariko Margaretha L , Thoma Yann , Mpagama Stellah G , Csajka Chantal , Guidi Monia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The unique medical and socio-economic situation in each country affected by TB creates different epidemiological contexts, thus providing exploitable loopholes for the spread of the disease. Country-specific factors such as comorbidities, health insurance, social stigma or the rigidity of the health system complicate the management of TB and the overall outcome of each patient. First-line TB drugs are administered in a standardized manner, regardless of patient characteristics other than weight. This approach does not consider patient-specific conditions such as HIV infection, diabetes mellitus and malnutrition, which can affect the pharmacokinetics of TB drugs, their overall exposure and response to treatment. Therefore, the ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach is suboptimal for dealing with the underlying inter-subject variability in the pharmacokinetics of anti-TB drugs, further complicated by the recent increased dosing regimen of rifampicin strategies, calling for a patient-specific methodology. In this context, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which allows personalized drug dosing based on blood drug concentrations, may be a legitimate solution to address treatment failure. This review focuses on rifampicin, a critical anti-TB drug, and examines its suitability for TDM and the socio-economic factors that may influence the implementation of TDM in clinical practice in resource-limited settings, illustrated by Tanzania, thereby contributing to the advancement of personalized TB treatment.