bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fornax A, Centaurus A, and other radio galaxies as sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
Authors: Matthews J H , Bell A R , Blundell K M , Araudo A T 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is still unknown. It has recently been proposed that UHECR anisotropies can be attributed to starburst galaxies or active galactic nuclei. We suggest that the latter is more likely and that giant-lobed radio galaxies such as Centaurus A and Fornax A can explain the data.
Long-Term Reliability of Neuroendoscopic Aqueductoplasty in Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis-Related Hydrocephalus
Authors: Marx Sascha , Baldauf Joerg , Matthes Marc , Gaab Michael R , Schroeder Henry W S 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
During the 1990s, endoscopic aqueductoplasty (AP) was considered to be a valuable alternative to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in treating hydrocephalus related to idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (iAS), with promising short-term outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the long-term outcome of AP in the treatment of iAS.

METHODS
Long-term follow-up clinical examinations and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed for patients treated by an AP for iAS in our department.

RESULTS
Twenty patients (14 female, 6 male, mean age 41.7 yr, range 0.5-67 yr) were treated between 1996 and 2002. Two patients were lost to long-term follow-up. One patient died 6 mo after AP, but death was not related to the procedure. The mean follow-up for the remaining 17 patients was 120 mo. Clinically relevant aqueductal reclosure was observed in 11/17 patients after a mean follow-up of 53.4 mo. These 11 patients underwent ETV, which has been successful during further follow-up. Four of the six remaining patients presented with no clinical symptoms, although aqueductal restenosis was observed on MR imaging. Thus, the overall failure rate of AP was 88.2%. The failures were homogeneously distributed over the entire follow-up period.

CONCLUSION
AP has a high risk of failure during long-term follow-up and is not recommended as the first choice of treatment in hydrocephalus caused by iAS. ETV should be done instead. AP may be reserved for a limited number of patients in whom ETV is not feasible but should be combined with stenting to avoid reclosure of the aqueduct.
The political economy of homeownership: a comparative analysis of homeownership ideology through party manifestos
Authors: Kohl Sebastian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
America’s ‘infatuation with homeownership’ has been identified as one cause of the latest financial crisis. Based on codings of 1809 party manifestos in 19 countries since 1945, this article addresses the question of where the political ideal to democratize homeownership came from. While conservative parties have defended homeownership across countries and time, centre-left parties have oscillated between a pro-homeownership and a pro-rental position. The former occurs in Anglo-Saxon, Northern and Southern European countries, while the latter prevails among German-speaking countries. Beyond partisan effects, once a country has a majority of homeowners and parties defending homeownership, larger parties are more likely to support it. The extent of centre-left parties’ support for homeownership is further associated with higher homeownership rates, more encouraging mortgage regimes and a bigger housing bubble burst after 2007. The ideational origins of the financialization of housing and private Keynesianism are, after all, not only conservative and market-liberal.
Predictors of Reading Skills in Children With Listening Concerns
Authors: Sharma Mridula , Cupples Linda , Purdy Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Previous research shows that children with reading disorders perform poorly on auditory processing (AP) tasks. Correlational studies have also shown significant associations between some AP tasks and word and nonword reading. There is less clear evidence for AP contributions to spelling and passage reading. The aim of this research was to extend current knowledge by investigating the association between a range of AP measures used clinically and children’s reading of words, nonwords, and passages, as well as word spelling.

Design:
Regression analyses were conducted on data from 90 children 7 to 13 years of age (58 males) with reported listening and/or reading concerns. All children had normal hearing sensitivity and were tested on AP tasks including the frequency pattern test (FPT), dichotic digits test, random gap detection test, and the masking level difference. Reading tasks included word, nonword, and passage reading. Phonologic processing, core language skills, nonverbal intelligence, memory, and attention were also measured.

Results:
All multiregression analyses were fixed order with age and gender, nonverbal intelligence, core language, phoneme manipulation, and digits backward scores included in the model before AP measures. FPT was the only AP task that accounted for significant unique variance in word/nonword reading and nonword spelling, but not passage reading.

Conclusions:
The findings from this study failed to show an association between many clinically used AP measures and children’s reading and spelling outcomes. Nevertheless, they reiterate the importance of evaluating FPT in children with word reading disorders. The findings justify further investigation into the role of this test when diagnosing children with reading or spelling disorders.
Donor-derived CAR-T Cells Serve as a Reduced-intensity Conditioning Regimen for Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Kong Pei-Yan , Li Shiqi , Chen Ting , Ni Xun , Li Yunyan , Wang Meiling , Liu Yao , Gao Lei , Gao Li , Peng Xian-Gui , Sun Ai-Hua , Wang Ping , Yang Zhi , Zhang Xi , Qian Cheng 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens with low tolerable toxicities have been used for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the relapse rate by this treatment is high. Treatment of CD19+ B-cell relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r ALL) with allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells is safe and effective. Use of allogeneic CD19-CAR-T cells as a part of RIC regimens for treatment of r/r ALL patients with haploidentical HSCT has not been investigated yet.

Case Presentation:
A 12-year-old girl with CD19+ r/r ALL underwent haploidentical HSCT. The patient received fludarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide combined with haploidentical donor-derived CD19-CAR-T cells as the conditioning regimen. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood stem cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–mobilized bone marrow were infused on days 1 and 2, respectively. Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus were administered on day 1, antithymocyte globulin was administered on days +14 and +15, and a short course of methotrexate was administered to prevent graft-versus-host disease. The time of peak CAR-T cell proliferation was detected after the first infusion of CAR-T cells on day 7. The patient’s engraftment and full-donor cell engraftment were established. The disease was in complete remission with minimal residual disease, which was undetectable by flow cytometry. No graft-versus-host disease or serious cytokine-release syndrome was found.

Conclusions:
Treatment of r/r ALL with RIC including CD19-CAR-T cells followed by allo-HSCT was safe and effective, which suggest that CAR-T cells can be used as a part of RIC regimens in the treatment of r/r ALL in haploidentical HSCT.
The Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury and On-Campus Service Utilization Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Meske Sam , Hazzard Joseph B. , Ni Meng , Hanson Tyler , Van Horn Lucas , Smith Josh 
Published: June 2018

Objective:(1) To examine the prevalence of college-aged students on campus who had a history of concussion(s) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated symptoms and (2) to evaluate the rate of campus service utilization among students who had a TBI.Setting:A representative sampling, randomly selected campus-wide e-mail was sent out with a Qualtrics online survey.Participants:College-aged students (N= 466,n= 429) at a northeastern US university responded and consented to participate in the online survey.Design:Descriptive study using an online survey to evaluate the prevalence of TBI and subsequent utility of campus services.Main Outcome Measures:The survey assessed concussion history and the diagnosing clinician, activity in which it occurred, level of consciousness, associated symptoms, and utilization of campus services for academic accommodation.Results:Prevalence of concussion/TBI in the study population (51.7%) is notably higher than previous reporting in adult and college populations (∼10%-25%). Campus disability and accommodative services were underutilized (10%-13%) and were accessed more readily by the female population. In addition, there were reportable increases in symptom prevalence and service utilization with a greater number of previous concussions.Conclusions:Awareness and utilization of accommodative services, especially with a history of concussions, need to be improved in order to ensure academic and occupational success of students.
Efficiency of intraoperative frozen section analysis of central neck lymph node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Mi Jin , Kim Cheol Seung , Kim Je Roung , Park Young Sam 
Published: June 2018

Background and Objective:
Because of the high survival rate and low recurrence rate of thyroid carcinoma, the therapeutic process is changing from aggressive treatment to submissive treatment. Currently, choosing central node dissection (CND) as a treatment option is considered controversial since. This approach has been shown to have poor outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this study to confirm whether the intraoperative frozen section analysis (IFSA) of CND during surgery affects treatment outcomes of patients with this type of cancer.

Materials and Methods:
First, we collected the medical records of 265 patients who underwent surgery for papillary thyroid cancer at the Presbyterian Medical Center from 2014 to 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: IFSA and non-IFSA. The outcomes of treatment options were then assessed. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of IFSA of CND.

Results:
Of the 265 patients in the study, 74 patients (89%) in the IFSA group and 95 patients (52.2%) in the non-IFSA group were treated appropriately (P-value=0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of IFSA of CND were 93.5%, 100%, 100%, 96.3%, and 97.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The IFSA of CND is a useful method to confirm central node metastasis during surgery. Determining the range of surgery required for each patient using this method is useful for ensuring minimal complications and for providing a successful, effective oncologic surgery.
Mazabraud’s Syndrome Mimicking Metastases on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Colon Cancer
Authors: Mahajan Sonia , Goel Reema , Riedl Christopher , Ulaner Gary A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Mazabraud’s, a syndrome consisting of fibrous dysplasia and soft tissue myxomas, is a rare disorder with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. Appearance of lesions in Mazabraud’s syndrome on FDG PET/CT scan in an oncological scenario can be misinterpreted as malignancy. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman, diagnosed with metastatic colon carcinoma and suspected osseous as well as soft tissue metastases, who was later found to have concomitant Mazabraud’s syndrome. This case describes the diagnostic dilemma associated with this unusual entity and importance of differentiating benign and malignant etiologies on FDG PET/CT scan.
Donor-specific Antibody Surveillance and Graft Outcomes in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Engen Rachel M. , Park Giulia E. , Schumacher Cooper S. , Gimferrer Idoia , Warner Paul , Finn Laura S. , Weiss Noel S. , Smith Jodi M. 
Published: June 2018

Background
The development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) has been associated with rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation, and DSA screening is now recommended in all kidney transplant recipients. However, the clinical significance of dnDSA detected by screening patients with a stable creatinine remains unclear.

Methods
One hundred three patients younger than 18years receiving a first, kidney alone transplant between December 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, underwent DSA screening every 3months for 2years posttransplant, with additional testing as clinically indicated. No treatment was given for DSAs in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection.

Results
Twenty (19%) patients had dnDSA first detected on a screening test, and 13 (13%) patients had dnDSA first detected on a for-cause test. Mean follow-up time posttransplant was 4.4years. Screening-detected dnDSA was associated with an increased risk of rejection within 3years, microvascular inflammation, and C4d staining on a 2-year protocol biopsy. In a Cox proportional hazards regression, screening-detected dnDSA was not associated with time to 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-2.00; P=0.598) or graft loss. dnDSA first detected on for-cause testing was associated with a 2.8 times increased risk of decline in graft function (95% CI, 1.08-7.27; P=0.034) and a 7.34 times increased risk of graft loss (95% CI, 1.37-39.23 P=0.020) compared with those who did not develop dnDSA.

Conclusions
The clinical setting in which dnDSA is first detected impacts the association between dnDSA and graft function. Further research is needed to clarify the role of dnDSA screening in pediatric kidney transplantation.
Insights into the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis from a phylogenetically novel, low-light cyanobacterium
Authors: Grettenberger Christen L. , Sumner Dawn Y. , Wall Kate , Brown C. Titus , Eisen Jonathan , Mackey Tyler J. , Hawes Ian , Jungblut Anne D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAtmospheric oxygen level rose dramatically around 2.4 billion years ago due to oxygenic photosynthesis by the Cyanobacteria. The oxidation of surface environments permanently changed the future of life on Earth, yet the evolutionary processes leading to oxygen production are poorly constrained. Partial records of these evolutionary steps are preserved in the genomes of organisms phylogenetically placed between non-photosynthetic Melainabacteria, crown-group Cyanobacteria, andGloeobacter, representing the earliest-branching Cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Here, we describe nearly complete, metagenome assembled genomes of an uncultured organism phylogenetically placed between the Melainabacteria and crown-group Cyanobacteria, for which we propose the name CandidatusAurora vandensis {au.roraLatin noundawnandvand.ensis, originating from Vanda}.The metagenome assembled genome ofA. vandensiscontains homologs of most genes necessary for oxygenic photosynthesis including key reaction center proteins. Many extrinsic proteins associated with the photosystems in other species are, however, missing or poorly conserved. The assembled genome also lacks homologs of genes associated with the pigments phycocyanoerethrin, phycoeretherin and several structural parts of the phycobilisome. Based on the content of the genome, we propose an evolutionary model for increasing efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis through the evolution of extrinsic proteins to stabilize photosystem II and I reaction centers and improve photon capture. This model suggests that the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis may have significantly preceded oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere due to low net oxygen production by early Cyanobacteria.
Local Polyploidy Phenomenon inEscherichia coliand its significance in genetic engineering
Authors: Yang Fayu , Guo Liwei , Lyu Kenao , Zhang Jiao , Yang Yunpeng , Wang Huiyan , Yu Huan , Guo Dele , Ding Tingting , Huang Chaoyong , Ren Huiyong , Ma Xiaoyan , Yang Yu , Huo Yi-xin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClassic Helmstetter & Cooper model asserted that the multifork phenomenon in the process of replication. However, the impacts of the multifork on the evolution and genetic engineering are still vague. Here, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock-out eighteenEscherichia colichromosomal fragments (over 50 kb) that represent all areas of the chromosome. We demonstrated that a single cell could have wild-type, color-reporter, and antibiotic-resistant genes simultaneously in the same locus of the different branches of the duplication forks after multiple rounds of deletions and replacements. This phenomenon that a single cell had different genotypes in its local polyploid chromosomes, which was similar to eukaryotic heterozygote, was named as local polyploidy. Under a defined selective pressure condition, offspring cells containing at least a copy of conditionally beneficial mutation could be enriched, and other alleles could be kept silently and peacefully in the duplication fork(s) of the same cell. The significance of this phenomenon in the genetic engineering was discussed.
Profiling of bacterial and fungal microbial communities in cystic fibrosis sputum using RNA
Authors: Grahl Nora , Dolben Emily L. , Filkins Laura M. , Crocker Alex W. , Willger Sven D. , Morrison Hilary G. , Sogin Mitchell L. , Ashare Alix , Gifford Alex H. , Jacobs Nicholas J. , Schwartzman Joseph D. , Hogan Deborah A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHere, we report an approach to detect diverse bacterial and fungal taxa in complex samples by direct analysis of community RNA in one step using NanoString probe sets. We designed rRNA-targeting probe sets to detect forty two bacterial and fungal genera or species common in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum, and demonstrated taxon-specificity of these probes as well as a linear response over more than three logs of input RNA. Culture-based analyses correlated qualitatively with relative abundance data on bacterial and fungal taxa obtained by NanoString and the analysis of serial samples demonstrated the use of this method to simultaneously detect bacteria and fungi and to detect microbes at low abundance without an amplification step. The relative abundances of bacterial taxa detected by analysis of RNA correlated with the relative abundances of the same taxa as measured by sequencing of the V4V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified from community DNA from the same sample. We propose that this method may complement other methods designed to understand dynamic microbial communities, may provide information on bacteria and fungi in the same sample with a single assay, and, with further development, may provide quick and easily-interpreted diagnostic information on diverse bacteria and fungi at the genus or species level.ImportanceHere we demonstrate the use of an RNA-based analysis of specific taxa of interest, including bacteria and fungi, within microbial communities. This multiplex method may be useful as a means to identify samples with specific combinations of taxa and to gain information on how specific populations vary over time and space or in response to perturbation. A rapid means to measure bacterial and fungal populations may aid in the study of host response to changes in microbial communities.
I shall, we shall, and all others will: paradoxical information security behaviour
Authors: Snyman Dirk P. , Kruger Hennie , Kearney Wayne D. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the lemming effect as a possible cause for the privacy paradox in information security.Design/methodology/approachBehavioural threshold analysis is used to test for the presence of the lemming effect in information security behaviour. Paradoxical behaviour may be caused by the influential nature of the lemming effect. The lemming effect is presented as a possible cause of the privacy paradox.FindingsThe behavioural threshold analysis indicates that the lemming effect is indeed present in information security behaviour and may lead to paradoxical information security behaviour.Practical implicationsThe analysis of the lemming effect can be used to assist companies in understanding the way employees influence each other in their behaviour in terms of security. By identifying possible problem areas, this approach can also assist in directing their information security education endeavours towards the most relevant topics.Originality/valueThis research describes the first investigation of the lemming effect in information security by means of behavioural threshold analysis in practice.
Mild hyperbaric oxygen activates the proliferation of epidermal basal cells in aged mice
Authors: Nishizaka Takahiro , Nomura Tomoko , Higuchi Kazuhiko , Takemura Ai , Ishihara Akihiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe proliferation of epidermal basal cells decreases with age. This study examined the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on the proliferative activity of epidermal basal cells in aged mouse skin. Hairless mice aged 5, 34 and 55 weeks were exposed to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1266 hPa with 36% oxygen for 6 h/day for 1 or 2 weeks. Skin samples were then collected from the back area to evaluate epidermal thickness and the number and proliferative activity of epidermal basal cells. Exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen had no effect on the epidermal thickness, irrespective of age, but accelerated the proliferative activity of epidermal basal cells in aged mouse skin.
Suture Embolism of the Left Superior Lobar Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Ahn Janice Seulgy , Grise Joy , DelTondo Joseph A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEndogenous pulmonary thromboemboli are a common cause of noncardiac sudden natural death. Embolism of exogenous material is a rare but potential finding in autopsies following surgeries, medical procedures, penetrating trauma, and nonparenteral drug abuse. This report describes the first case of a suture embolism of the left superior lobar pulmonary artery following complicated abdominal surgery.
XCL1‐XCR1 pathway promotes trophoblast invasion at maternal‐fetal interface by inducing MMP‐2/MMP‐9 activity
Authors: Zhang Si‐Ming , Tian Fu‐Ju , Zeng Wei‐Hong , Ma Xiao‐Ling , Ren Jia‐Bin , Lin Yi 
Published: June 2018

ProblemCertain chemokines with their receptors can promote or inhibit trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first‐trimester placenta. Whether the lymphotactin (Lptn; XCL1)—XC chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) chemokine pathway affects trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first‐trimester placenta remains unclear.Method of studyThe expression pattern of chemokine XCL1 and its receptor XCR1 was detected in human first‐trimester by qRT‐PCR, and the effect of recombinant human XCL1 (rhXCL1) on trophoblast cell function was tested by wound healing and Transwell assays. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in trophoblast cells treated with rhXCL1 was assessed via qRT‐PCR and gelatin zymography.ResultsAbundant XCR1 mRNA was expressed in the first‐trimester decidua and villi. XCL1 and XCR1 mRNA were expressed at a higher level in the first‐trimester than in the term placenta. RhXCL1 promoted trophoblast cell migration and invasion by increasing MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 activity and that of the MMP‐2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP‐2) complex via the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT kinase (AKT), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK), and JUN N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways.ConclusionXCL1‐XCR1 chemokine pathway promotes trophoblast invasion by increasing matrix metalloproteinase activity in human first‐trimester placenta.