bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of a morning injection of insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized controlled trial using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Pettus Jeremy , Gill Jasvinder , Paranjape Sachin , Stewart John , Malla Shilpy , Edelman Steven , Bergenstal Richard M. , Bode Bruce 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVideo abstract: View a video abstract for this article.AimsThis multicentre (N = 104), randomized controlled phase 4 study compared the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla‐300) with insulin glargine 100 units/mL (Gla‐100) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and methodsPatients were randomized 1:1 to self‐perform morning Gla‐300 or Gla‐100 injections daily for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was percentage of time blood glucose remained in the target range (70–180 mg/dL) during Week 15/16, measured by blinded continuous glucose monitoring. Secondary endpoints included incidence and rate of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia (≤70 mg/dL), glycaemic variability parameters and safety assessments. Exploratory analyses were performed in patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.5% at Week 16.ResultsOverall, 638 patients with T1D were included (Gla‐300, n = 320; Gla‐100, n = 318). In the modified intent‐to‐treat (mITT) population, no differences between Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 were observed in time in range, in glycaemic variability, or in incidence or rates of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia. In exploratory analyses of patients with HbA1c <7.5% at Week 16, Gla‐300 recipients had greater improvement in time in range over 24 hours, during the day and at night compared with Gla‐100 recipients (P < 0.05), with small increases in overall hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsTime in range and glycaemic variability were similar for Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 recipients at the end of study in the mITT population of relatively well‐controlled patients with T1D. In patients with end‐of‐study HbA1c <7.5%, exploratory analyses suggested that Gla‐300 provided improvements in time in range compared with Gla‐100.
Challenges and opportunities of trilateral co‐operation: Collaboration by the USA, Brazil and Mozambique on horticultural research, 2011–2015
Authors: Schmink Marianne , Cairns Smart Jennifer , Sitoe Isabel , Bowen Walter , Silva Henoque Ribeiro , Ecole Carvalho Carlos , Haber Lenita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationThis article analyses the lessons learned through the lived experience of the 2011–2015 Trilateral Project of Technical Support to the Programs of Nutrition and Food Security (PSAL), a collaboration between US and Brazilian organizations working together in Mozambique with local partners. The PSAL project tested and adapted vegetable crop production, post‐harvest and processing practices and technologies; developed field infrastructure for research, extension and processing; trained scores of Mozambican researchers, interns, interviewers and extension technicians; and collected, organized and made systematic socioeconomic information publicly available.PurposeTrilateral co‐operation (TC) is an innovative model of development assistance involving collaboration by a traditional donor, a pivotal country and a host country. There is little documentation on how it works in practice. In this article, key questions were explored regarding three aspects of suggested best practices for TC: collaboration and co‐ordination; ownership and synergies; adaptive governance.Approach and MethodsThe project sought to experiment with and learn about practical mechanisms and strategies for effective implementation of TC, and to document benefits, challenges and lessons learned during the process. Drawing on dozens of interviews, anonymous individual surveys of project participants and discussions at the beginning and the end of the project, this article explores the principal challenges and gains from working in TC from the perspective of dozens of project participants.FindingsProject participants reported that they improved many aspects of their technical capacity, and benefited from multidisciplinary learning through participation in TC, strengthening Mozambique’s institutional capacity to improve vegetable production.Policy implications and ConclusionsThe article concludes with recommendations for future TC projects: invest in communications and collaboration based on interdisciplinary trilateral teams; involve all levels of organizations as well as all participating actors in the whole value chain; address limitations, priorities and incentives in local institutions; and adopt innovative and adaptive governance strategies and mechanisms to address the evolution of complex trilateral interactions.
HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF ONLINE REPUTATION FOR LOCAL AND NATIONAL RETAILERS
Authors: Newberry Peter , Zhou Xiaolu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the heterogeneous effect of online reputation for sellers that differ in their national presence and examine how this heterogeneity affects the distribution of sales on a large Chinese platform. We estimate a demand model that incorporates a learning process and allow for the process to vary across sellers who are differentiated by their national presence. The estimates suggest that the impact of reputation is larger for local sellers. Using these estimates, we find that removing the reputation system would result in large shift of demand from local sellers to national sellers.
RATIONAL DISINHIBITION AND EXTERNALITIES IN PREVENTION
Authors: Toxvaerd Flavio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article studies a model of disease propagation in which rational and forward‐looking individuals can control their exposure to infection by engaging in costly preventive behavior. Equilibrium outcomes under decentralized decision making are characterized and contrasted to the outcomes chosen by a social planner. In general, individuals overexpose themselves to infection, leading to suboptimally high disease prevalence. The model is applied to study the welfare effects of preexposure prophylaxis, which reduces transmission between serodiscordant couples and causes disinhibition. It is shown that a decrease in the induced infection risks increases disease prevalence and can lead to decreases in overall welfare.
L'effet des obstacles aux échanges sur l'emploi généré par les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales
Authors: KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLes auteurs étudient l'effet des obstacles aux échanges internationaux de biens et de services sur les marchés du travail des pays producteurs en partant des estimations du BIT sur l'emploi imputable aux chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. L'analyse empirique confirme largement les prédictions d'un modèle théorique calibré avec des données de la base WIOD (2000 et 2011). Les obstacles au commerce de produits manufacturés ou de services ont un effet transfrontalier, intrasectoriel et intersectoriel, sur l'emploi, qui reflète l'interdépendance croissante entre pays et secteurs. L'effet intersectoriel s'affirme avec le temps. Les politiques commerciales semblent donc pouvoir avoir des effets externes importants sur les marchés du travail étrangers.
Just married: the synergy between feminist criminology and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework
Authors: Lazarus Suleman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article is a theoretical treatment of feminist epistemology of crime, which advocates the centrality of gender as a theoretical starting point for the investigating of digital crimes. It does so by exploring the synergy between the feminist perspectives and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF) (which argues that three possible factors motivate cybercrimes – socioeconomic, psychosocial, and geopolitical) to critique mainstream criminology and the meaning of the term “cybercrime”. Additionally, the article examines gender gaps in online harassment, cyber‐bullying, cyber‐fraud, revenge porn, and cyber‐stalking to demonstrate that who is victimised, why, and to what effect are the critical starting points for the analysis of the connections between gender and crimes. In turn, it uses the lens of intersectionality to acknowledge that, while conceptions of gender and crime interact, they intersect with other categories (e.g., sexuality) to provide additional layers of explanation. To nuance the utilitarian value of the synergy between the TCF and the feminist perspectives, the focus shifts to a recent case study (which compared socioeconomic and psychosocial cybercrimes). The article concludes that, while online and offline lives are inextricably intertwined, the victimisations in psychosocial cybercrimes may be more gendered than in socioeconomic cybercrimes. These contributions align the TCF to the feminist epistemology of crime in their attempt to move gender analysis of digital crimes “from margin to centre”.
A family systems perspective on supporting self‐determination in young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Taylor Whitney D. , Cobigo Virginie , Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the way families support self‐determination in young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during life transitions.MethodQualitative case studies were conducted with two Canadian families who participated in semi‐structured interviews and ethnographic observations every quarter for one year. Analyses were informed by family systems theory and self‐determination theory.FindingsFamilies considered the needs and preferences of the young adults with IDD, suggesting individualized approaches for balancing independence and protection. Families set short‐term and long‐term goals for increased independence, scaffolded the learning of new skills and collaborated on important choices. Collaboration occurred to the extent that all family members perceived agency in planning and implementing transitions.ConclusionsFamilies supported the young adults with IDD in their psychological needs for competence, relatedness and autonomy, which allowed them to experience self‐determination. Findings have implications for supporting self‐determination and transition planning in the family system.
Xanthatin inhibits STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling by covalently binding to JAK and IKK kinases
Authors: Liu Man , Xiao Cheng‐qian , Sun Ming‐wei , Tan Min‐jia , Hu Li‐hong , Yu Qiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAberrant activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathways is associated with the development of cancer and inflammatory diseases. JAKs and IKKs are the key regulators in the STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling respectively. Therefore, the two families of kinases have been the major targets for developing drugs to regulate the two signalling pathways. Here, we report a natural compound xanthatin from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Xanthium L. as a potent inhibitor of both STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Our data demonstrated that xanthatin was a covalent inhibitor and its activities depended on its α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone group. It preferentially interacted with the Cys243 of JAK2 and the Cys412 and Cys464 of IKKβ to inactivate their activities. In doing so, xanthatin preferentially inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines that have constitutively activated STAT3 and p65. These data suggest that xanthatin may be a promising anticancer and anti‐inflammation drug candidate.
Limitation of microbial spoilage of rainbow trout fillets using characterized thyme oil antibacterial nanoemulsions
Authors: Meral Raciye , Ceylan Zafer , Kose Senol 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThyme oil nanoemulsions (TONa and TONb), having 219 nm and 163 nm diameters, were successfully prepared by using sonication technique. Zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity indexes (PDI) of TONa and TONb were defined to be 19.77, 0.24 and −24.80, 0.054, respectively. It was determined that zeta size values of TONs might have played a role on the inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium. All bacteria tested by agar diffusion method were gram‐negative bacteria that could be mostly found in fish fillets. Within 9 days cold storage period, TMAB growth in fish fillets treated with TONb was successfully reduced from 6.42 to 4.62 log CFU/g (change: 28%). In addition, as compared with control group samples, TPB growth of the same group was limited by 1.51 log CFU/g (from 7.93 to 6.42 log CFU/g). The results suggested that treatment of the fish fillets with the TONs would be a useful and practical nano application to delay microbial growth in fish fillets.Practical applicationsThyme oil nanoemulsions (TONa and TONb) with a lower diameter than 219 nm have been successfully obtained. Antibacterial effects of TONa and TONb nanoemulsions have been revealed before treatment with fish fillets. The results revealed that TONs could be successfully used for the limitation of microbial spoilage of fish fillets stored at 4°C for 9 days. In this respect, the nano application with rapid and cost‐effective has been presented for the fishery processing industry.
Valuing Government Obligations When Markets Are Incomplete
Authors: HASANHODZIC JASMINA , KOTLIKOFF LAURENCE J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe simulate a 10‐period overlapping generations model with aggregate shocks to price safe and risky government obligations using consumption‐asset pricing. Agents cannot trade with future generations to hedge the model's productivity and depreciation shocks, and can only invest in one‐period bonds and risky capital. We find that the pricing of short‐ and long‐dated riskless obligations is anchored to the prevailing risk‐free return. The prices of obligations whose values are proportional to the prevailing wage are essentially identical to those of safe obligations, notwithstanding large macro shocks. On the contrary, government obligations in the form of options entail significant risk adjustment.
Multiple parametric nanoscale measurements with high sensitivity based on through‐focus scanning optical microscopy
Authors: PENG R. , QU Y. , HAO J. , PAN H. , NIU J. , JIANG J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryHigh‐throughput through‐focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) involves defocusing along the optical axis and capturing a series of defocus images and is useful in optical nanoscale measurement. However, TSOM is usually affected by its optical and mechanical noises. In this study, the issue of sensitivity and application in three‐dimensional (3D) multiple parameter measurement of TSOM is investigated. First, a TSOM system with objective scanning and its relative simulation algorithm are proposed. Second, based upon the system and algorithm, an experiment on an isolated Au line is performed and the corresponding matching library is established. Comparing the experimental TSOM image and simulated TSOM images of the library, 3D multiple parameter results of the Au line are extracted. Third, the precision of the system is analysed through a fidelity test particular for through‐focus images. According to this study, the system is robust to the optical and mechanical noises and hence could be useful in 3D multiple parametric measurement and high‐volume nanomanufacturing.
WRITING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS USING FAKE LATEX
Authors: Irwin Scott H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaTeX is a very popular platform for writing papers in economics, mainly due to its superior aesthetics in print. The question is whether the aesthetic (and other) benefits of adopting LaTeX outweigh the opportunity costs of learning and using LaTeX, which can be high even for experienced users. FaKe LaTeX using Microsoft Word has a remarkably similar visual appearance to papers produced in native LaTeX and it is easy to learn and use. This low cost alternative may be appealing to many economists.
Proxy Advisory Firms: The Economics of Selling Information to Voters
Authors: MALENKO ANDREY , MALENKO NADYA 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe analyze how proxy advisors, which sell voting recommendations to shareholders, affect corporate decision‐making. If the quality of the advisor's information is low, there is overreliance on its recommendations and insufficient private information production. In contrast, if the advisor's information is precise, it may be underused because the advisor rations its recommendations to maximize profits. Overall, the advisor's presence leads to more informative voting only if its information is sufficiently precise. We evaluate several proposals on regulating proxy advisors and show that some suggested policies, such as reducing proxy advisors' market power or decreasing litigation pressure, can have negative effects.
Thrombectomy of Ventricular Assist Device‐Originated Embolic Stroke: A Clinical Decision Model
Authors: Colletta Kalea L. , Bar Barak , Liebo Max J. , Borys Ewa , Schneck Michael J. , Gomez Camilo R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) for the treatment of heart failure has become increasingly common. These patients have a considerable risk of cerebral embolism. We describe such a patient and his successful treatment by thrombectomy, compare his attributes with those previously published, and describe the construct of a clinical decision model, whose results bear practical implications for patient management.METHODSThe details of our patient and his treatment are presented, followed by a literature review of all previously reported similar cases. Using this information, as well as that available from published series, we constructed a probabilistic decision tree, completed all calculations (ie, “folding back”), and, in order to assess the strength of the results, subjected them to multiple independent sensitivity analyses of each of the variables.RESULTSThe therapeutic success of our case, the 14th reported to date, when combined with previous reports, shows: (1) recanalization times of 184 minutes, (2) “successful” recanalization (ie, TICI = 2b or 3) achieved in 71% of procedures, (3) ultimate functional outcome (ie, mRS = 0‐2) achieved in 57% patients, and (4) ultimate successful heart transplantations in 66% of cases. The clinical decision model showed the predicted utility of thrombectomy to be superior to conservative management (3.33 QALY vs. 2.56 QALY, respectively). The sensitivity analyses support the validity of these results.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, thrombectomy appears to be a safe and effective method (and often the only viable one) for urgent treatment of patients with VAD‐originated cerebral embolism.
The impossibility of sociology as a science; arguments from within the discipline
Authors: Balon Jan , Holmwood John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses a key moment in the development of sociology when its status as a science was criticised from within by ethnomethodologists (Harvey Sacks and Harold Garfinkel), post‐Althusserian Marxists (Barry Hindess) and Michel Foucault. These criticisms seemed to come from different sides, but they converged in arguing their positions from the point of view of a proper conception of science through which mainstream sociology was found wanting. Neither secured its own position and each had a similar legacy of a form of interpretivism hostile both to scientific sociology and its critical project. The paper situates this moment and its legacy where both correspondence and coherence criteria for sociological knowledge claims come to be undermined.
The right response at the right time: Exploring helminth immune modulation in sticklebacks by experimental coinfection
Authors: Piecyk Agnes , Ritter Marc , Kalbe Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParasites are one of the strongest selective agents in nature. They select for hosts that evolve counter‐adaptive strategies to cope with infection. Helminth parasites are special because they can modulate their hosts’ immune responses. This phenomenon is important in epidemiological contexts, where coinfections may be affected. How different types of hosts and helminths interact with each other is insufficiently investigated. We used the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – Schistocephalus solidus model to study mechanisms and temporal components of helminth immune modulation. Sticklebacks from two contrasting populations with either high resistance (HR) or low resistance (LR) against S. solidus, were individually exposed to S. solidus strains with characteristically high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) in G. aculeatus. We determined the susceptibility to another parasite, the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, and the expression of 23 key immune genes at three time points after S. solidus infection. D. pseudospathaceum infection rates and the gene expression responses depended on host and S. solidus type and changed over time. Whereas the effect of S. solidus type was not significant after three weeks, T regulatory responses and complement components were upregulated at later time points if hosts were infected with HG S. solidus. HR hosts showed a well orchestrated immune response, which was absent in LR hosts. Our results emphasize the role of regulatory T cells and the timing of specific immune responses during helminth infections. This study elucidates the importance to consider different coevolutionary trajectories and ecologies when studying host‐parasite interactions.
Reconfiguring the French nation: Public debates on the Left and national identity
Authors: Conversi Daniele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince the 1980s, neoliberal globalisation has shaped the fate of local and national cultural productions, from movies to music, from entertainment to food. How did French intellectual and political elites respond to this unprecedented challenge? What were the implications for the politics of nationalism and national identity? Two books respond to these questions, although in very different ways – the first directly and the second indirectly. Vincent Martigny'sDire la Franceexplains how a new way of narrating French national identity emerged in the 1980s within an internationally oriented French Left, attentive of the coming challenges of cultural pluralism. Patrick Boucheron's (ed.)Histoire mondiale de la Franceadvances into a more challenging direction by skilfully unsettling the ‘our ancestors the Gauls’ clichéd narrative. French history is thus redefined by moving away from the Frankish/Gallic myth of descent, thereby reconfiguring national identity along new lines. This article identifies how crucial debates on the cultural nation and cultural identity emerged in the wake of the May 1968 uprising, asking how much they contributed to the current shape and meaning of French national identity. It thus reviews what can be described as a new historiographical turn in French history.