bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership in the Toronto Italian Ethnic Group
Authors: Jansen Clifford J. 
Published: June 2018

La littérature sur les aspects de la direction des groupes minoritaires montre que les dirigeants des groupes d'immigrants ont un important rôle à jouer en tant que moyens de communication avec la société. Toutefois, parce que peu de groupes d'immigrants sont complètement homogènes (comme les étrangers au groupe ont tendance à le voir), il y a toujours la possibilité non seulement d'avoir plusieurs chefs de groupe, mais aussi qu'il existe une bonne dose de rivalité entre les sous-groupes appuyant différents chefs. Ce problème devient particulièrement aigu dans le cas des groupes d'immigrants, quand la société-hôtesse, consulte ce qu'elle croit être les porte-parole du groupe, mais que les immigrants dans leur ensemble ne reconnaissent pas comme tels. En étudiant les problèmes de plusieurs organisations italiennes à Toronto, on a posé des questions sur la direction du groupe. Les attitudes envers les “soi-disant” dirigeants étaient pessimistes, et le manque d'unité dans le groupe était encore plus marqué quand les dirigeants mentionnés étaient euxmêmes intervioués. Ils taxaient d'autres dirigeants mentionnés d'ambition; plusieurs ont répondu qu'ils étaient eux-mêmes les seuls dirigeants du groupe; plusieurs ont réclamé le mérite entier de certaines entreprises du groupe dans son ensemble, et très peu semblaient en termes amicaux avec les autres dirigeants mentionés. Quelques-uns attribuaient cette attitude à l'individualisme des Italiens en général, alors que d'autres croyaient que les chefs de n'importe quel autre groupe ethnique agiraient de même. Cet article étudie les attitudes envers les dirigeants en général, les antécédents des dirigeants mentionnés, le rôle que ces dirigeants s'attribuent, l'unité du groupe immigrant dans son ensemble et les rapports d'amitié entre les dirigeants.
Beyond “Little Taipei”: The Development of Taiwanese Immigrant Businesses in Los Angeles
Authors: Tseng Yen-Fen 
Published: June 2018

Both in their choice to settle in predominantly noncoethnic neighborhoods and in their economic development, recent Taiwanese immigrants in Los Angeles represent a fundamental break with the past. It is this new type of economic development that brings an unprecedented impact on the society at large. However, these unique features of Taiwanese immigrant business and their implications to the host society remain understudied. Quantitative as well as qualitative methods were employed in this study. The data were obtained from document files, field observations, in-depth interviews, U.S. census data, and a telephone survey of 310 Taiwanese business owners in the greater Los Angeles area. The data analysis closely examined entrepreneurial process, ethnic integration, and industrial diversity among Taiwanese immigrant businesses. Provided with entrepreneurial capacity, Taiwanese enterprises grow rapidly within the context of Los Angeles's economic restructuring and dependency on Asian Pacific trade.
An Intra-articular Steroid Injection at 6 Weeks Postoperatively for Shoulder Stiffness After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Does Not Affect Repair Integrity
Authors: Kim In-Bo , Jung Dong Wook 
Published: June 2018

Background: Shoulder stiffness is a common complication after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. However, there is no consensus on the treatment of stiffness after repair. Although one treatment option is an intra-articular steroid injection, it may negatively affect repair integrity, and there is a paucity of literature regarding the timing of intra-articular injections for stiffness after repair and its effect on repair integrity. Purpose: To compare repair integrity and clinical outcomes after an intra-articular steroid injection administered at 6 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively for shoulder stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who developed stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were given a series of 3 intra-articular steroid injections every 4 weeks from 6 (6-week group) and 12 weeks (12-week group) postoperatively. The control group had rotator cuff tears but neither stiffness nor injections. Shoulder range of motion (ROM), the Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS) score, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score were assessed preoperatively with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Repair integrity was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months postoperatively. Results: Seventy-four of 209 patients (35.4%) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair developed stiffness. There were no significant differences in retear rates among the 6-week (5.7%, 2/35 patients), 12-week (10.3%, 4/39 patients), and control groups (14.1%, 19/135 patients) ( P = .374). Both the 6- and 12-week groups showed significant improvement in ROM (both P < .001), KSS scores (both P < .001), and UCLA scores (both P < .001) at the final follow-up. The 6-week group showed significantly better ROM ( P < .001), KSS scores ( P < .001), and UCLA scores ( P < .001) than the 12-week group at 3 months postoperatively. However, both the 6- and 12-week groups showed significantly lower KSS (81.3 ± 12.0 [ P = .004] and 83.4 ± 8.6 [ P = .035], respectively) and UCLA (29.3 ± 4.6 [ P = .006] and 30.0 ± 3.3 [ P = .042], respectively) scores than the control group (90.4 ± 13.6 and 32.3 ± 4.7, respectively) at the last follow-up. Conclusion: An intra-articular steroid injection administered at 6 weeks postoperatively for shoulder stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair may be effective for reducing patients’ pain and improving shoulder ROM at 3 months postoperatively without compromising repair integrity.
In Vivo CT Analysis of Physiological Fibular Motion at the Level of the Ankle Syndesmosis During Plantigrade Weightbearing
Authors: Hoogervorst Paul , Working Zachary M. , El Naga Ashraf N. , Marmor Meir 
Published: June 2018

Background. It is clear that motion at the syndesmosis occurs due to ranging of the ankle joint, but the influence of weightbearing with the foot in the plantigrade position is unclear. In vivo computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of the syndesmosis has not been previously described. The purpose of this study is to quantify physiological fibular motion at the level of the ankle syndesmosis in both weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions with the foot in the plantigrade position. Methods. CT images were obtained from 9 normal healthy subjects using a weightbearing CT imaging system. The subjects were positioned in a nonweightbearing and weightbearing state with their foot in the plantigrade position. Fibular translation and rotation were measured from the axial CT images using previously validated techniques. Results. Both the average lateral and anteroposterior translation of the fibula between weightbearing and nonweightbearing states was minimal (0.3 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively). The largest difference in translation observed in either direction was 0.9 mm. An average of 0.5° was found for rotational differences of the fibula between weightbearing and nonweightbearing. Neither of the translational and rotational parameters reached statistical significance. Conclusion. In vivo CT analysis of the distal tibiofibular joint with an intact syndesmosis did not reveal statistically significant physiological motion between weightbearing and nonweightbearing conditions with the foot in plantigrade position. Our findings suggest that weightbearing accounts for little motion at the syndesmosis and supports further investigation into the role of early protected weightbearing after syndesmosis fixation. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Case-control study
Should micturating cystourethrogram be routinely performed for paediatric pyeloplasty patients?
Authors: Sim Siam Wee , Li Fay Xiangzhen , Oo Mon Mon , Narasimhan Kannan Laksmi , Jacobsen Anette Sundfor , Yap Te-Lu 
Published: June 2018

Objective: Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) has traditionally been recommended as part of the preoperative evaluation of all cases of hydronephrosis. Several studies have shown that the majority of cases with pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) and concomitant vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were of low-grade and generally resolved spontaneously. We therefore retrospectively evaluated the need for routine MCUG in all cases of PUJO. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records of all patients who underwent pyeloplasty in our institution between 2003 and 2015. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiological procedures performed, operative details as well as postoperative outcomes. Results: A total of 119 patients underwent pyeloplasty for PUJO during this study period. MCUG was performed in 88 patients (74%), of whom eight patients had VUR. All eight patients had unilateral PUJO and two patients had bilateral VUR. Only two patients had high-grade VUR (grade 4). These two patients also had hydroureter detected on ultrasound scan (US). All patients with VUR had spontaneous resolution of reflux. While comparing outcomes for patients with and without VUR, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the need for redo surgery and improvement in differential renal function post-pyeloplasty. Conclusion: The outcome of pyeloplasty appears to be independent of the presence of concomitant VUR. Therefore, we conclude that MCUG does not need to be performed routinely for all PUJO patients. However, patients with history of recurrent urinary tract infection or findings of hydroureter on US should still be investigated with MCUG.
Family Matters: Claiming Rights across the US-Mexico Migratory System
Authors: Hagan Jacqueline Maria , Martinez-Schuldt Ricardo , Peavey Alyssa , Weissman Deborah M. 
Published: June 2018

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA) created an immigration system favoring the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of US citizens, thereby establishing family unity as the cornerstone of US immigration policy. Despite this historical emphasis on family unity, backlogs and limited visas for non-immediate relatives of US citizens and legal permanent residents, the militarization of the US-Mexico border, punitive measures for those who enter without inspection, such as the forced separation of children from their parents at the US border, and an aggressive policy of deportation have made it more difficult for members of Mexican binational families to unify. How do members of Mexican binational families manage the hardships that result from US immigration policies that prolong and force family separation? Immigrants and return migrants alike may not be aware of their rights and the legal remedies that exist to enforce them. Structural barriers such as poverty, legal status, fear of deportation, lack of proficiency in English, and lack of familiarity with government bureaucracies no doubt prevent many migrants in the United States and return migrants in Mexico from coming forward to request legal assistance and relief in the courts. Despite these barriers, when it comes to family matters, members of some Mexican binational families can and do assert their rights. In this article, we analyze an administrative database of the Department of Legal Protection of the Mexican consular network that documents migrant legal claims resulting from family separation, along with findings from 21 interviews with consular staff and community organizations in three consular jurisdictions — El Paso, Raleigh, and San Francisco — to investigate the sociolegal processes of claims. Our investigation centers on the mediating role the Mexican state — via its consular network — has developed to assist binational families as they attempt to assert their rights and resolve child support and child custody problems resulting from prolonged and forced family separation. We find that the resolution of binational family claims in part depends on the institutional infrastructure that has developed at local, state, and federal levels, along with the commitment and capacity of the receiving and sending states and the binational structures they establish. These binational structures transcend the limitations of national legal systems to achieve and implement family rights and obligations across borders.
A prospective study on the changes and clinical significance of pre-operative and post-operative circulating tumor cells in resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiyue , Shan Fei , Li Ziyu , Gao Jing , Li Yilin , Shen Lin , Ji Jiafu , Lu Ming 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been suggested as potential prognostic indicators for multiple tumors, including gastric cancer; however, pre- and post-operative CTC changes in resectable gastric cancer and possible correlations to post-operative recurrence have not been evaluated.

Methods
Subjects (n = 93) with resectable gastric cancer were prospectively reviewed from July 2013 to December 2014 at Peking University Cancer Hospital. The proportion of CTCs were evaluated before (n = 93) and after (n = 63) radical operation using a standardized CellSearch system.

Results
CTCs ≥ 1 were measured in the pre-operative blood of 31 (33.3%) patients and in the post-operative blood of 21 patients (33.3%). Patients with relatively poor clinicopathological features had more pre- and post-operative CTCs. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate for patients with CTCs ≥ 5/7.5 ml was significantly lower than for patients with CTCs < 5/7.5 ml (40.0% vs 66.4%, p < 0.001 for pre-surgery; 25.0% vs 62.2%, p < 0.001 for post-surgery). Patients with CTCs ≥ 5/7.5 ml in post-operative blood had significantly shorter mean DFS (1.28 vs 31.6 months; p = 0.002) and overall survival (OS; 10.0 vs 34.9 months; p = 0.001) than other patients. Among the 10 patients with hematogenous recurrence, 3 had post-operative CTCs ≥ 2/7.5 ml and had early recurrence (DFS 1.1, 1.1, 1.4 months). Moreover, DFS for the seven patients was 20.2, 11.9, 20.0, 6.0, 15.5, 25.9, 30.0 months, respectively. DFS for the three patients with increased CTCs after surgery was shorter than for patients with mildly increased, stable, or decreased CTCs.

Conclusions
Pre- and post-operative CTCs are promising prognostic markers for resectable gastric cancer. Our study further suggests that increased post-operative CTCs may be correlated with hematogenous recurrence.
Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01848015). Registered 7 May 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01848015
HS6ST1 Insufficiency Causes Self-Limited Delayed Puberty in Contrast With Other GnRH Deficiency Genes
Authors: Howard Sasha R , Oleari Roberto , Poliandri Ariel , Chantzara Vasiliki , Fantin Alessandro , Ruiz-Babot Gerard , Metherell Louise A , Cabrera Claudia P , Barnes Michael R , Wehkalampi Karoliina , Guasti Leonardo , Ruhrberg Christiana , Cariboni Anna , Dunkel Leo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Self-limited delayed puberty (DP) segregates in an autosomal-dominant pattern, but the genetic basis is largely unknown. Although DP is sometimes seen in relatives of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), mutations in genes known to cause HH that segregate with the trait of familial self-limited DP have not yet been identified.

Objective
To assess the contribution of mutations in genes known to cause HH to the phenotype of self-limited DP.

Design, Patients, and Setting
We performed whole-exome sequencing in 67 probands and 93 relatives from a large cohort of familial self-limited DP, validated the pathogenicity of the identified gene variant in vitro, and examined the tissue expression and functional requirement of the mouse homolog in vivo.

Results
A potentially pathogenic gene variant segregating with DP was identified in 1 of 28 known HH genes examined. This pathogenic variant occurred in HS6ST1 in one pedigree and segregated with the trait in the six affected members with heterozygous transmission (P = 3.01 × 10−5). Biochemical analysis showed that this mutation reduced sulfotransferase activity in vitro. Hs6st1 mRNA was expressed in peripubertal wild-type mouse hypothalamus. GnRH neuron counts were similar in Hs6st1+/− and Hs6st1+/+ mice, but vaginal opening was delayed in Hs6st1+/− mice despite normal postnatal growth.

Conclusions
We have linked a deleterious mutation in HS6ST1 to familial self-limited DP and show that heterozygous Hs6st1 loss causes DP in mice. In this study, the observed overlap in potentially pathogenic mutations contributing to the phenotypes of self-limited DP and HH was limited to this one gene.
Oxandrolone Treatment Results in an Increased Risk of Gonadarche in Prepubertal Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Davis Shanlee M , Lahlou Najiba , Cox-Martin Matthew , Kowal Karen , Zeitler Philip S , Ross Judith L 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic condition in which males have an extra X chromosome. KS is associated with testosterone deficiency, neurodevelopmental delays, and cardiometabolic disorders. There has been recent interest in prepubertal androgen treatment; however, the effects on puberty and gonadal function are unknown.

Objective
To compare onset of puberty and testicular function in prepubertal boys treated with 2 years of oxandrolone (Ox) vs placebo (Pl).

Design
Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting
Single tertiary care referral center.

Participants
Eighty prepubertal boys with KS; mean age: 8.0 ± 2.2 years (range: 4 to 12).

Interventions
Ox 0.05 mg/kg vs identical-appearing Pl capsule given for 2 years.

Outcome Measures
Onset of gonadarche (testicular volume ≥4 mL) and onset of pubarche (Tanner 2 pubic hair); change in testicular hormone concentrations.

Results
Ox-treated group had 20.5 times higher odds of reaching gonadarche (OR 95% CI: 6.5, 77.8) and 28.1 times higher odds of reaching pubarche (OR 95% CI: 8.8, 110.4) during the 2-year study period after adjusting for baseline age. Gonadarche and pubarche both occurred at a younger age in the Ox group (gonadarche: 9.8 ± 1.5 vs 12.1 ± 1.0 years, P &lt; 0.001; pubarche: 10.2 ± 1.1 vs 11.6 ± 1.3 years, P = 0.02). Serum concentrations of testicular hormones and gonadotropins were not different between groups.

Conclusions
Two years of Ox treatment in prepubertal boys with KS results in an increased risk of early gonadarche, on average 2 years earlier than in Pl-treated boys. Ox did not affect serum concentrations of testicular hormones.
Thinking “Diaspora” with Stuart Hall
Authors: Sharpe Jenny 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article revisits Stuart Hall’s writing on “diaspora” to highlight its potential for future work on the topic. Although Hall has been faulted for excluding modern Africa, his historical and geographic approach to black cultural identities introduces the possibility for an inclusion. Since his “diaspora aesthetics” is based on black British films, photography, and visual art, this reassessment of his work concludes with a consideration of the Beninese artist Romuald Hazoumè’s La Bouche du Roi. This room-size multimedia slave ship installation brings a history of transatlantic slavery together with that of colonialism and globalization to make a statement about African identities, both in the past and in the present. Hazoumè’s artwork provides a visualization of Hall’s mobile model of “diaspora,” with its shifting perspectives, geographically dispersed centers, and unsynchronized temporalities.
Interspecies Affection and Military Aims
Authors: Cherkaev Xenia , Tipikina Elena 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The image of totalitarianism is central to liberal ideology as the nefarious antithesis of free market exchange: the inevitable outcome of planned economies, which control their subjects’ lives down to the most intimate detail. Against this image of complete state control, the multispecies ethnography of early Soviet institutions gives us a fortuitous edge to ask how centrally planned economies structure the lives of those actors whose biosocial demands can be neither stamped out nor befuddled by propaganda. In this article we examine the institutions of the Stalinist state that could have created the totalitarian service dog: institutions that planned the distribution, raising, and breeding of family dogs for military service. Our narrative begins with a recently discovered genealogical document, issued to a German Shepherd bred by plan and born during the World War II Leningrad Blockade. Reading this document together with service-dog manuals, Soviet physiological studies, archival military documents, and autobiographical narratives, we unravel the history of Leningrad’s early Soviet military-service dog husbandry program. This program, we argue, relied on a particular distinction of public and private: at once stimulating affectionate interspecies bonds between dogs and their handlers and sequestering those relationships from the image of rational, scientifically objective interspecies communication. This reduction of human-dog relations to those criteria that could be scientifically studied and centrally planned yielded tangible results: it allowed the State’s dog husbandry program to create apparently unified groups of dogs and dog handlers and to successfully mobilize these groups for new military tasks, like mine detection, during World War II.
Deep Time and Disaster
Authors: Hansen Christine 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the late summer of 2009, a massive firestorm swept through more than one million acres of dense bush in the southeast corner of Australia, killing 173 people and leaving more than 7,000 homeless. In the aftermath of the disaster, commentators almost universally described the blaze as “unprecedented.” This essay examines that claim in the light of contextualizing environmental histories and finds that although such firestorms are rare, they are far from unprecedented; they are in fact a necessary part of the cycle of regeneration in certain types of eucalypt forest. The idea that a never-before-witnessed event is unprecedented calls into question the shallow temporal frames through which deep time environmental phenomena are understood in Australian settler culture and offers an insight into often unnoticed ways in which contemporary society struggles with the colonial legacy. This struggle sits next to the ambition of land management authorities to adopt traditional Indigenous mosaic-patterned cool-burning techniques as part of a fire mitigation strategy, without directly addressing the colonial history inscribed on the land they are commissioned to manage.