bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear Wave Velocities in the Estimation of Earthquake Hazard Over Alluvium in Seismically Active Region
Authors: Sundararajan Narasimman , Seshunarayana T. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
It is well known that the potential hazard during an earth-quake is mainly in alluvium or alluvium filled basins; shear wave velocity plays a significant role in estimating the possible hazard during an earth quake in such an area. This paper presents shear wave velocity profile from Jabalpur, Central India mainly dominated by alluvial soil that was moderately affected by an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 in May, 1997. The acquired shear wave velocity by Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) in as many as 36 sites over alluvial soil ranges from 200 m/sec to 400 m/sec and in a few sites marginally less than 200 m/sec corresponding to a sub-surface depth of 30-35 m. Further, the computed N values vary as low as near zero to less than 25. The study is substantiated by the estimation of P-wave velocity by refraction seismic method at the same locations of MASW which ranges from 350 m/sec to 2200 m/sec. The results suggest that the damage during an earth quake appears to be highly unlikely in view of the marginally high Vs up to depth of 30 m. This study on seismic hazard is substantiated by the estimation of frequency of the ground as well as amplification which is found to be a maximum of about 2.5 in the frequency band of 2-6 Hz in west and north western portion of the study area.
Living on the Edge: Neighborhood Boundaries and the Spatial Dynamics of Violent Crime
Authors: Legewie Joscha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeighborhood boundaries are a defining aspect of highly segregated urban areas. Yet, few studies examine the particular challenges and spatial processes that occur at the bordering region between two neighborhoods. Extending the growing literature on spatial interdependence, this article argues that neighborhood boundaries—defined as sharp changes in the racial or socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods—are a salient feature of the spatial structure with implications for violent crime and other outcomes. Boundaries lack the social control and cohesion of adjacent homogeneous areas, are contested between groups provoking intergroup conflict, and create opportunities for criminal behavior. This article presents evidence linking racial neighborhood boundaries to increased violent crime. The findings illustrate the importance of neighborhood boundaries for our understanding of spatial dimensions of population dynamics above and beyond the characteristics of neighborhoods.
A review of interventions against fetal alcohol spectrum disorder targeting oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Yuanpei , Wang Hongxuan , Li Yi , Peng Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionFetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by maternal ethanol exposure; it causes physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neural impairments (Murawski et al., 2015). Mechanisms of FASD causing damage are not yet fully elucidated. Oxidative stress might be one of its mechanisms (Henderson et al., 1995). Yet no effective treatment against FASD has been found other than ethanol abstention (Long et al., 2010).MethodsThis review summarizes relevant literatures regarding interventions targeting oxidative stress that may relieve fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.ResultsAstaxanthin was found to mitigate embryonic growth retardation induced by prenatal ethanol treatment through ameliorating the down regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) caused by alcohol in a mice model (Zheng et al., 2014; Vabulas et al., 2002). Vitamin E protected against fatal alchol spectrum disorders by ameliorating oxidative stress in rat models (Mitchell et al., 1999a), and yielded a better outcome when it was combined with Vitamin C (Packer et al., 1979; Peng et al., 2005). Vitamin C mitigated embryonic retardation caused by alcohol and reversed ethanol induced NF‐κB activation and ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation in a Xenopus laevis model (Peng et al., 2005). Beta carotene supplement was proved to protect against neurotoxicity in hippocampal cultures of embryos induced by alcohol in a rats model (Mitchell et al., 1999a). Prenatal folic acid supplement reversed the decrease of body weight caused by maternal ethanol treatment and ameliorated the increment of glutathione reductase specific activities as well as the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) induced by alcohol in a rats model (Cano et al., 2001). Omega‐3 fatty acids reversed the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain caused by prenatal ethanol treatment in a rats model (Patten et al., 2013). EUK‐134 treatment reduced the incidence of forelimb defects caused by ethanol treatment in a mice model (Chen et al., 2004). Pretreatment of activity‐dependent neurotrophic factor‐9 (ADNF‐9) and NAPVSIPQ (NAP) protected against prenatal ethanol induced fetal death as well as fetal growth abnormalities in a mice model, and such treatment reversed the decrease of the rate of reduced glutathione (GSH)/ oxidative glutathione (GSSG) caused by alcohol (Spong et al., 2001).ConclusionBy now interventions against fetal alcohol spectrum disorder targeting oxidative stress includes astaxanthin, Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Vitamin E, beta‐carotene, (–)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), Omega‐3 fatty acids, etc (see Fig. 1). However, most interventions are only assayed in animal models, more clinical trials are needed to show whether antioxidants make an effort against FASD damage.
Bacterial diversity in snow from mid-latitude mountain areas: Alps, Eastern Anatolia, Karakoram and Himalaya
Authors: Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Tagliaferri Ilario , Franzetti Andrea , Mayer Christoph , Lambrecht Astrid , Compostella Chiara , Caccianiga Marco , Minora Umberto Filippo , Garzonio Carlo Alberto , Meraldi Eraldo , Smiraglia Claudio , Diolaiuti Guglielmina Adele , Ambrosini Roberto 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSnow can be considered an independent ecosystem that hosts active microbial communities. Snow microbial communities have been extensively investigated in the Arctic and in the Antarctica, but rarely in mid-latitude mountain areas. In this study, we investigated the bacterial communities of snow collected in four glacierized areas (Alps, Eastern Anatolia, Karakoram and Himalaya) by high-throughput DNA sequencing. We also investigated the origin of the air masses that produced the sampled snowfalls by reconstructing back-trajectories. A standardized approach was applied to all the analyses in order to ease comparison among different communities and geographical areas. The bacterial communities hosted from 25 to 211 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), and their structure differed significantly between geographical areas. This suggests that snow bacterial communities may largely derive from ‘local’ air bacteria, maybe by deposition of airborne particulate of local origin that occurs during snowfall. However, some evidences suggest that a contribution of bacteria collected during air mass uplift to snow communities cannot be excluded, particularly when the air mass that originated the snow event is particularly rich in dust.
Private words, public emotions: performing confession in indie music
Authors: Phillips-Hutton Ariana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis essay examines the work of singer-songwriter William Fitzsimmons as an example of how confessional performance is constructed within indie music. I contend that both audiences and artists participate in a discourse that draws on narratives of personal communication, intimacy and authenticity in order to create a distinctively confessional aesthetic. This aesthetic orientation is then reflected in performances that are framed as autobiographical and truth-telling. After surveying aspects of indie music that contribute to the formation of this aesthetic, I trace the implications of performed confession through an exploration of the sonic, visual and relational characteristics of Fitzsimmons's performances from his 2008 albumThe Sparrow and the Crow.By examining how artist and audience construct the confessional, I suggest a new perspective on how the confessional trope operates in indie music.
Affective reactivity to daily racial discrimination as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms in African American graduate and postgraduate students
Authors: Ong Anthony D. , Burrow Anthony L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examined whether individual differences in affective reactivity, defined as changes in positive or negative affect in response to daily racial discrimination, predicted subsequent depressive symptoms. Participants were African American graduate and postgraduate students (N = 174; M age = 30 years) recruited for a measurement-burst study. Data on depressive symptoms were gathered at two assessment points 1 year apart. Affective reactivity data was obtained from participants via a 14-day diary study of daily racial discrimination and affect. Participants who experienced pronounced increases in negative affect on days when racial discrimination occurred had elevated depressive symptoms 1 year later. Heightened positive affect reactivity was also associated with more depressive symptoms at follow-up. The results suggest that affective reactivity (either greater increases in negative affect or greater decreases in positive affect in the context of racial discrimination) may be an underlying psychological mechanism that confers vulnerability to future depressive symptoms.
Desert cyanobacteria under space and planetary simulations: a tool for searching for life beyond Earth and supporting human space exploration
Authors: Billi Daniela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe astonishing capability of life to adapt to extreme conditions has provided a new perspective on what ‘habitable’ means. On Earth extremophiles thrive in hostile habitats, such as hot and cold deserts or Antarctic sub-glacial lakes considered as Earth analogues of Mars and icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Recently desert cyanobacteria were exposed to ground-based simulations of space and Martian conditions and to real space and Martian conditions simulated in low Earth orbit using facilities attached outside the International Space Station. When exposure to such conditions does not exceed repair capabilities, more data are available regarding the physico-chemical constraints that life can withstand. When the accumulated damage exceeds the survival potential, the persistence of biomarkers contributes to the search for life elsewhere. Knowledge concerning the endurance of desert cyanobacteria under space and Martian conditions contributes to the development of life support systems.
Collaboration and diverse stakeholder participation in food system planning: a case study from Central New York
Authors: Weissman Evan , Potteiger Matthew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Onondaga County Agriculture Council was created in 2012 to promote and support the county's farms, improve the connections between the county's urban core of Syracuse and the surrounding agricultural areas, and to develop policy to support agricultural production and food system development. In short, the purpose of the Council is to strengthen the Onondaga County food system. This goal, however, is ambiguous and Council members recognized a limited understanding of the current structure and function of the Central New York (CNY) food system. As such, the Council provided support for FoodPlanCNY, a project designed to identify food system assets and opportunities to strengthen the economic opportunities, public health outcomes and environmental sustainability of the CNY food system. This paper reports preliminary findings from this initial effort to engage participatory food system planning in CNY.
Organic labeling controversies: a means to an end within global value chains
Authors: Alonso González Pablo , Parga-Dans Eva 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis commentary argues for strengthening the dialogue between the social and natural sciences as part of a more comprehensive sustainable approach to ecological farming practices that go beyond a focus on specific labels and certifications. It nuances the approach provided by Homeet al. in their study of Swiss farms converting to organic agriculture, in emphasizing the need to deepen the study of such farming practices by including a broad vision of global value chains and a pragmatic approach to innovation and the different stakeholders involved. Ultimately, it calls for a more complex approach to eco-agriculture in its widest sense, that goes beyond dichotomies about conversion, certification and labeling. This would provide alternatives for researchers and other actors to move forward in theory and practice.
Lithologic Controls on Focused Erosion and Intraplate Earthquakes in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone
Authors: Gallen Sean F. , Thigpen J. Ryan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a new geomorphic model for the intraplate eastern Tennessee seismic zone (ETSZ). Previous studies document that the Upper Tennessee drainage basin is in a transient state of adjustment to ~150 m of base level fall that occurred in the Late Miocene. Using quantitative geomorphology, we demonstrate that base level fall resulted in the erosion of ~3,500 km3 of highly erodibility rock in an ~70 km wide by ~350‐km‐long corridor in the Paleozoic fold‐thrust belt above the ETSZ. Models of modern incision rates show a NE‐SW trending swath of elevated erosion ~30 km southeast of the center of the ETSZ. Stress modeling shows that lithologically focused erosion has affected fault clamping stress on preexisting, favorably oriented faults. We argue that the lithologically controlled transient erosional response to base level fall in the Upper Tennessee basin has given rise to and is sustaining earthquake activity in the ETSZ.
Identifying Physics‐Based Thresholds for Rainfall‐Induced Landsliding
Authors: Thomas Matthew A. , Mirus Benjamin B. , Collins Brian D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMost regional landslide warning systems utilize empirically derived rainfall thresholds that are difficult to improve without recalibration to additional landslide events. To address this limitation, we explored the use of synthetic rainfall to generate thousands of possible storm patterns and coupled them with a physics‐based hydrology and slope stability model for various antecedent soil saturation scenarios to analyze pore water pressure and factor of safety metrics. We used these metrics to generate two‐tiered alert thresholds that can be employed to assess shallow landslide potential for any given combination of storm and antecedent wetness. When applied to the San Francisco Bay region (CA, USA), the results are consistent with events that caused widespread landsliding. Our deterministic modeling approach, which accounts for plausible ranges in soil hydraulic and mechanical properties, can inform the development of the next generation of warning systems for rainfall‐induced landsliding.
A Regional Analysis of Factors Affecting the Antarctic Boundary Layer During the Concordiasi Campaign
Authors: Ganeshan Manisha , Yang Yuekui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study explores the regional variability in factors affecting the atmospheric boundary layer over continental Antarctica using high‐resolution dropsonde observations from the Concordiasi campaign in the austral spring of 2010. Analyses show that although the surface‐based inversion remains the dominant feature, well‐mixed boundary layers, some with convective features, are observed with an occurrence frequency of 33% and 18% in West and East Antarctica, respectively. The boundary layer mixing is dominated by mechanical instability albeit with regional flavors caused by topographically forced winds, shortwave radiation, and air mass influences. In East Antarctica, the downsloping wind regime is prevalent, and related katabatic effects are strongest over high elevation slopes where the wind‐induced turbulence is the primary cause of surface‐based inversion erosion and boundary layer mixing. Previous studies over Dome C have demonstrated the significance of shortwave radiation for mixed layer development during the peak of summer. While such an effect is not dominant during spring, solar forcing may contribute to turbulent mixing in high latitude regions. Finally, well‐mixed boundary layers are most frequently observed in the moist tongue region of West Antarctica, highlighting the importance of dynamical systems for boundary layer mixing.
Inactivation of Stat3 and crosstalk of miRNA155-5p and FOXO3a contribute to the induction of IGFBP1 expression by beta-elemene in human lung cancer
Authors: Zheng Fang , Tang Qing , Zheng Xiao-hua , Wu JingJing , Huang HaiDing , Zhang Haibo , Hann Swei Sunny 
Published: September 2018

Abstractβ-Elemene, an active component of natural plants, has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties. However, the detailed mechanism underlying these effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we show that β-elemene inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found that β-elemene decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and miRNA155-5p mRNA but induced the protein expression of human forkhead box class O (FOXO)3a; the latter two were abrogated in cells with overexpressed Stat3. Notably, miRNA155-5p mimics reduced FOXO3a luciferase reporter activity in the 3-UTR region and protein expression, whereas overexpressed FOXO3a countered the reduction of the miRNA155-5p levels by β-elemene. Moreover, β-elemene increased the mRNA and protein expression levels as well as promoter activity of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1); this finding was not observed in cells with a silenced FOXO3a gene and miRNA155-5p mimics. Finally, silencing of IGFBP1 blocked β-elemene-inhibited cell growth. Similar findings were observed in vivo. In summary, our results indicate that β-elemene increases IGFBP1 gene expression via inactivation of Stat3 followed by a reciprocal interaction between miRNA155-5p and FOXO3a. This effect leads to inhibition of human lung cancer cell growth. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of β-elemene on lung cancer cells.
PIDD-dependent activation of caspase-2-mediated mitochondrial injury in E1A-induced cellular sensitivity to macrophage nitric oxide-induced apoptosis
Authors: Radke Jay R. , Figueroa Iris , Routes John M. , Cook James L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExpression of the adenovirus E1A oncogene sensitizes tumor cells to innate immune rejection by apoptosis induced by macrophage-produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). E1A sensitizes cells to TNF-α and NO through two distinct mechanisms, by repressing NF-κB-dependent antiapoptotic responses and enhancing caspase-2 activation and mitochondrial injury, respectively. The mechanisms through which E1A enhances caspase-2 activation in response to NO were unknown. Here, we report that E1A-induced sensitization to NO-induced apoptosis is dependent on expression of PIDD (p53-inducible protein with a death domain) and enhancement of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) processing for formation of the PIDDosome, the core component of the caspase-2 activation complex. NO-induced apoptosis in E1A-expressing cells did not require expression Bak or Bax, indicating that NO-induced caspase-2-mediated mitochondrial injury does not proceed through the activities of typical, proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members that induce mitochondrial cytochrome C release. These results define a PIDD-dependent pathway, through which E1A enhances casapse-2-mediated mitochondrial injury, resulting in increased sensitivity of mammalian cells to macrophage-induced, NO-mediated apoptosis.
Solvatochromic covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Ascherl Laura , Evans Emrys W. , Hennemann Matthias , Di Nuzzo Daniele , Hufnagel Alexander G. , Beetz Michael , Friend Richard H. , Clark Timothy , Bein Thomas , Auras Florian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of highly tuneable crystalline, porous materials. Here we report the first COFs that change their electronic structure reversibly depending on the surrounding atmosphere. These COFs can act as solid-state supramolecular solvatochromic sensors that show a strong colour change when exposed to humidity or solvent vapours, dependent on vapour concentration and solvent polarity. The excellent accessibility of the pores in vertically oriented films results in ultrafast response times below 200 ms, outperforming commercially available humidity sensors by more than an order of magnitude. Employing a solvatochromic COF film as a vapour-sensitive light filter, we demonstrate a fast humidity sensor with full reversibility and stability over at least 4000 cycles. Considering their immense chemical diversity and modular design, COFs with fine-tuned solvatochromic properties could broaden the range of possible applications for these materials in sensing and optoelectronics.
c-axis pressure-induced antiferromagnetic order in optimally P-doped BaFe2(As0.70P0.30)2 superconductor
Authors: Hu Ding , Wang Weiyi , Zhang Wenliang , Wei Yuan , Gong Dongliang , Tam David W. , Zhou Panpan , Li Yu , Tan Guotai , Song Yu , Georgii Robert , Pedersen Björn , Cao Huibo , Tian Wei , Roessli Bertrand , Yin Zhiping , Dai Pengcheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSuperconductivity in BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 iron pnictides emerges when its in-plane two-dimensional (2D) orthorhombic lattice distortion associated with nematic phase at Ts and three-dimensional (3D) collinear antiferromagnetic order at TN (Ts = TN) are gradually suppressed with increasing x, reaching optimal superconductivity around x = 0.30 with Tc ≈ 30 K. Here we show that a moderate uniaxial pressure along the c-axis in BaFe2(As0.70P0.30)2 spontaneously induces a 3D collinear antiferromagnetic order with TN = Ts > 30 K, while only slightly suppresses Tc. Although a ~ 400 MPa pressure compresses the c-axis lattice while expanding the in-plane lattice and increasing the nearest-neighbor Fe–Fe distance, it barely changes the average iron-pnictogen height in BaFe2(As0.70P0.30)2. Therefore, the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic order must arise from a strong in-plane magnetoelastic coupling, suggesting that the 2D nematic phase is a competing state with superconductivity.