bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Report of an Asthma Pathway Leading to Improved Resource Use
Authors: Nian Andy L. , Orr Russell J. , Schroeder Sangeeta K. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES Asthma pathways have been shown to improve resource use and decrease length of stay (LOS). A tertiary care hospital implemented an asthma pathway in May 2015 to standardize inpatient care. We predicted that the pathway would increase the use of albuterol metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and steroids; decrease use of albuterol nebulizer, antibiotics, chest radiograph (CXR), and respiratory viral panel (RVP); and decrease LOS.
METHODS This retrospective cohort study selected patients between the ages of 2 and 18 years who were admitted for asthma as a primary diagnosis between May 2014 and May 2016 (1 year preimplementation to 1 year postimplementation). Patients' complex chronic conditions were excluded. We analyzed use of albuterol nebulizer, MDI, and continuous nebulization, ipratropium bromide, oral steroids, antibiotics, inhaled steroids, CXR, and RVP. We also evaluated LOS and readmission rate.
RESULTS There were 1131 and 925 patients identified before and after asthma pathway implementation, respectively. The percent that received albuterol nebulizer decreased from 14.1% to 6.1% (p &lt; 0.001). The percent that received albuterol MDI increased from 97.0% to 99.4% (p &lt; 0.001). The average number of MDI administrations decreased from 11.6 to 10.4 (p = 0.004). Continuous albuterol use increased from 52.3% to 59.1% (p = 0.002). There was no change in ipratropium bromide, oral steroid, inhaled steroid, or CXR use. Antibiotic (p = 0.049) and RVP (p = 0.03) use decreased. The average LOS decreased from 1.84 days to 1.71 days (p = 0.02). Readmission rates did not change significantly.
CONCLUSIONS The asthma pathway improved inpatient albuterol MDI use. The LOS decreased while maintaining readmission rates.
Sterility Duration of Preprimed Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits
Authors: Tan Vi Ean , Evangelista Alan T. , Carella Dominick M. , Marino Daniel , Moore Wayne S. , Gilliam Nadji , Chopra Arun , Cies Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES There is a lack of standardization and supporting data regarding the duration preassembled and preprimed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits are expected to be sterile. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether preassembled and preprimed ECMO circuits could maintain sterility for a period up to 65 days.DESIGN Four ECMO circuits (2 neonatal/pediatric¼” and 2 adolescent/adult ⅜ ”) were assembled and primed under sterile conditions and maintained at room temperature. Culture samples were obtained from each circuit and plated within 1 hour. Culture samples were obtained on day 0 when assembled and primed then every 5 days up to day 65. Samples were plated on several different media including the following: blood agar plate: trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, MacConkey agar, and thioglycollate broth then incubated at 35°C for 3 days.RESULTS All cultures obtained from the priming solution from of the¼” and ⅜ ” ECMO circuits produced no microbial or fungal growth for the 65-day study period.CONCLUSION These pilot data suggest preprimed ECMO circuits may maintain sterility for a period up to 65 days. Additional studies evaluating a larger number of ECMO circuits are needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of Exogenous Antithrombin Administration on Anti-Xa Levels in Infants Treated With Enoxaparin
Authors: Logston Brittany B. , Rodman Emily A. , Dinh Kimberly L. , Placencia Jennifer L. , Moffett Brady S. , Rios Danielle R. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES Determine the effect of exogenous antithrombin III administration on low molecular weight heparin anti-Xa levels in the context of enoxaparin dosing in infants.
METHODS A retrospective chart review of infants receiving concomitant antithrombin III and enoxaparin. The primary objective of this study was to determine the median change in anti-Xa level with antithrombin III supplementation. Secondary objectives were to analyze the median change in antithrombin III levels after administration of exogenous antithrombin III, the dosing of antithrombin III, and the dose of enoxaparin throughout therapy. For a safety analysis, any bleeding events were recorded.
RESULTS The study included 17 patients who received a total of 33 doses of antithrombin III. The median change in anti-Xa levels in infants receiving exogenous antithrombin III was 0.2 units/mL (p &lt; 0.001). The median dose of antithrombin III was 50 units/kg and was administered when patients were receiving a median enoxaparin dose of 1.71 mg/kg. The median increase in antithrombin III levels was 16.5% (p &lt; 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that administration of exogenous antithrombin III to infants who were being treated with enoxaparin results in a significant increase in anti-Xa levels. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine administration of antithrombin III to infants on enoxaparin. However, antithrombin III supplementation could be considered a potential option for patients who are unable to adequately achieve therapeutic anti-Xa levels with enoxaparin alone.
Awareness and knowledge of Chikungunya infection following its outbreak in Pakistan among health care students and professionals: a nationwide survey
Authors: Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Tanveer Nida , Bukhsh Allah , Khan Amer Hayat , Aftab Raja Ahsan , Khan Omaid Hayat , Khan Tahir Mehmood 
Published: August 2018

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) declares Chikungunya (CHIK) infection to be endemic in South Asia. Despite its first outbreak in Pakistan, no documented evidence exists which reveals the knowledge or awareness of healthcare students and workers (HCSW) regarding CHIK, its spread, symptoms, treatment and prevention. Since CHIK is an emergent infection in Pakistan, poor disease knowledge may result in a significant delay in diagnosis and treatment. The current study was aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of CHIK among HCSW.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCSW from teaching institutes and hospitals in seven provinces of Pakistan. We collected information on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and their knowledge by using a 30-item questionnaire. The cumulative knowledge score (CKS) was calculated by correct answers with maximum score of 22. The relationship between demographics and knowledge score was evaluated by using appropriate statistical methods.

Results
There were 563 respondents; mean age 25.2 ± 5.9 years with female preponderance (62.5%). Of these, 319 (56.7%) were aware of CHIK infection before administering the survey. The average knowledge score was 12.8 ± 4.1 (% knowledge score: 58.2%). Only 31% respondents had good disease knowledge while others had fair (36.4%) and poor (32.6%) knowledge. Out of five knowledge domains, domain III (vector, disease spread and transmission) and V (prevention and treatment) scored lowest among all i.e. percent score 44.5% and 54.1%, respectively. We found that socio-demographic characteristics had no influence on knowledge score of the study participants.

Conclusion
Approximately one-half of participants were not aware of CHIK infection and those who were aware had insufficient disease knowledge. Findings of the current study underscore the dire need of educational interventions not only for health care workers but also for students, irrespective to the discipline of study.
Emerging Strategies of Nanomaterial‐Mediated Tumor Radiosensitization
Authors: Xie Jiani , Gong Linji , Zhu Shuang , Yong Yuan , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNano‐radiosensitization has been a hot concept for the past ten years, and the nanomaterial‐mediated tumor radiosensitization method is mainly focused on increasing intracellular radiation deposition by high atomic number (high Z) nanomaterials, particularly gold (Au)‐mediated radiation enhancement. Recently, various new nanomaterial‐mediated radiosensitive approaches have been successively reported, such as catalyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, consuming intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), overcoming tumor hypoxia, and various synergistic radiotherapy ways. These strategies may open a new avenue for enhancing the radiotherapeutic effect and avoiding its side effects. Nevertheless, reviews systematically summarizing these newly emerging methods and their radiosensitive mechanisms are still rare. Therefore, the general strategies of nanomaterial‐mediated tumor radiosensitization are comprehensively summarized, particularly aiming at introducing the emerging radiosensitive methods. The strategies are divided into three general parts. First, methods on account of the intrinsic radiosensitive properties of nanoradiosensitizers for radiosensitization are highlighted. Then, newly developed synergistic strategies based on multifunctional nanomaterials for enhancing radiotherapy efficacy are emphasized. Third, nanomaterial‐mediated radioprotection approaches for increasing the radiotherapeutic ratio are discussed. Importantly, the clinical translation of nanomaterial‐mediated tumor radiosensitization is also covered. Finally, further challenges and outlooks in this field are discussed.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Switchable Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions Based on Phase Change Materials
Authors: Zhang Ming , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Guo Yinghui , He Qiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Huang Yijia , Li Xiong , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces with intense spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) offer an appealing platform for manipulation of polarization and wavefront. Reconfigurable beam manipulation based on switchable SOIs is highly desired in many occasions, but it remains a great challenge since most metasurfaces lack the flexibility and the optical performance is fixed once fabricated. Here, switchable SOIs are demonstrated numerically and experimentally via the combination of plasmonic metasurfaces with phase change materials (PCMs). As a proof‐of‐concept, three metadevices possessing switchable SOIs are fabricated and investigated, which enable spin Hall effect, vortex beam generation, and holography when the PCM is in the amorphous state (corresponding to the “ON” state of SOI). When the PCM changes into the crystalline state (corresponding to the “OFF” state of SOI), these phenomena disappear. Experimental measurements show that a high polarization conversion contrast between “ON” and “OFF” states is obtained within a broadband wavelength range from 8.5 to 10.5 µm. The switchable photonic SOIs proposed here may provide a promising route to design reconfigurable devices for applications such as beam steering, dynamic holographic display, and encrypted optical communications.
Hierarchically Porous M–N–C (M = Co and Fe) Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts with Robust MNx Active Moieties Enable Enhanced ORR Performance
Authors: Zhu Chengzhou , Shi Qiurong , Xu Bo Z. , Fu Shaofang , Wan Gang , Yang Ce , Yao Siyu , Song Junhua , Zhou Hua , Du Dan , Beckman Scott P. , Su Dong , Lin Yuehe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe great interest in fuel cells inspires a substantial amount of research on nonprecious metal catalysts as alternatives to Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. In this work, bimodal template‐based synthesis strategies are proposed for the scalable preparation of hierarchically porous M–N–C (M = Fe or Co) single‐atom electrocatalysts featured with active and robust MN2 active moieties. Multiscale tuning of M–N–C catalysts regarding increasing the number of active sites and boosting the intrinsic activity of each active site is realized simultaneously at a single‐atom scale. In addition to the antipoisoning power and high affinity for O2, the optimized Fe–N–C catalysts with FeN2 active site presents a superior electrocatalytic activity for ORR with a half‐wave potential of 0.927 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) in an alkaline medium, which is 49 and 55 mV higher than those of the Co–N–C counterpart and commercial Pt/C, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the FeN2 site is more active than the CoN2 site for ORR due to the lower energy barriers of the intermediates and products involved. The present work may help rational design of more robust ORR electrocatalysts at the atomic level, realizing the significant advances in electrochemical conversion and storage devices.
Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial
Authors: Wolinsky Jerry S. , Montalban Xavier , Hauser Stephen L. , Giovannoni Gavin , Vermersch Patrick , Bernasconi Corrado , Deol‐Bhullar Gurpreet , Garren Hideki , Chin Peter , Belachew Shibeshih , Kappos Ludwig 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveNo evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) is a novel combined endpoint defined by the absence of both progression and inflammatory disease activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In the placebo‐controlled phase III ORATORIO study (NCT01194570), we investigated the effect of ocrelizumab on this comprehensive outcome and its components in a post‐hoc analysis.MethodsThe proportion of patients with NEPAD (no evidence of progression [NEP; no 12‐week confirmed progression of ≥1/≥0.5 points on the Expanded Disability Status Scale if the baseline score was ≤5.5/>5.5 points, respectively; no 12‐week confirmed progression of ≥20% on the Timed 25‐Foot Walk test and 9‐Hole Peg Test], no brain magnetic resonance imaging activity [no new/enlarging T2 lesions and no T1 gadolinium‐enhancing lesions], and no protocol‐defined relapse) from baseline to week 120 was determined in ocrelizumab‐ (600 mg; n = 465) and placebo‐treated (n = 234) patients.ResultsThe majority of ORATORIO study patients with PPMS experienced clinical progression or evidence of disease activity. From baseline to week 120, 29.9% and 42.7% ocrelizumab‐treated compared to 9.4% and 29.1% placebo‐treated patients maintained NEPAD (relative risk [95% confidence interval {CI}], 3.15 [2.07–4.79]; p < 0.001) and NEP (relative risk [95% CI], 1.47 [1.17–1.84]; p < 0.001), respectively. Effects on the individual components of both measures were consistent with the compound outcomes.InterpretationCompared to placebo, ocrelizumab enhanced 3‐fold the proportion of PPMS patients with no evidence of either progression or inflammatory disease activity. NEPAD may represent a sensitive and meaningful comprehensive measure of disease control in patients with PPMS. Ann Neurol 2018;84:527–536
Back to Basics: Autologous Tissue
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerioperative personnel manage autologous tissue when they care for patients undergoing procedures requiring the use of bone, soft tissue, or other autologous tissue to repair or replace defects. Use of autologous tissue can minimize the risk of rejection, disease transfer, and infection compared with the use of artificial materials. There are important steps to follow when handling autologous tissue to ensure it is safe for replantation and does not become contaminated. This Back to Basics article provides strategies for managing some types of autologous tissue, including bone flaps, parathyroid tissue, skin grafts, and veins. Tissue management strategies include creating strict documentation policies, standardizing processes and communication, and implementing routine audits to assess compliance.
Assessing Perceptions of Teamwork Quality Among Perioperative Team Members
Authors: Müller Patrick , Tschan Franziska , Keller Sandra , Seelandt Julia , Beldi Guido , Elfering Achim , Dubach Brigitte , Candinas Daniel , Pereira Diana , Semmer Norbert K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSuccessful surgery depends on collaboration and mutual trust among interdisciplinary team members. We compared teamwork quality as perceived by surgeons, anesthesia care providers, and perioperative nurses using two surveys in the same hospital. The general survey sent to the homes of the OR personnel revealed teamwork climate scores in the medium to high range. Attending surgeons were significantly more satisfied than perioperative nurses and resident surgeons; anesthesiologists were significantly more satisfied than perioperative nurses. A second single‐item survey administered immediately after elective open abdominal surgical procedures also showed relatively high satisfaction with teamwork. Results of the second survey, however, showed that attending surgeons were significantly less satisfied than the members of all the other professions, and perioperative nurses were significantly more satisfied than the members of all the other professions. We conclude that general surveys about teamwork quality among members of surgical teams may not necessarily reflect teamwork quality during actual surgical procedures.
An innovative approach for the chemical structural characterization of poly(styrene 4‐vinylpyridine) copolymers by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Montaudo M. S. , Puglisi C. , Battiato S. , Zappia S. , Destri S. , Samperi F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTACTPoly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) random copolymers with different molar composition were synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated controlled‐radical polymerization using 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐azahexane‐3‐nitroxide (TIPNO) as a mediator. We record the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) spectra under various conditions, and we find (at last) that they show mostly intact ions [using 2(‐4‐hydroxyphenylazo‐)benzoic acid as MALDI matrix]. Spectra are highly resolved, and thus they allow for the determination of all end‐groups, even some less‐abundant ones. Spectra are dominated by intact “dormant” copolymer chains terminated with TIPNO at one end and with (4‐Bromo‐phenyl)ethyl group (starting fragment) at the other one. Applying the mass analysis of copolymers (MACO) statistical model to the spectra, we show that the MACO/MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry (MS) analysis can be successfully applied to copolymers having a difference between the mass of the comonomers as small as 1 g mol−1 (the styrene and 4‐vinylpyridine units are 104.15 and 105.15 g/mol, respectively), which results in overlapping isotopic patterns. The results are accurate: chemical composition evaluated by means of MS agrees with that calculated by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, for all copolymers investigated. This analytical method allows to extract detailed information on the composition of the copolymer samples and their structure. Glass transition temperatures of copolymers were also determined by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46976.
Chiral Supramolecular Assemblies from an Achiral Naphthalene Diimide Bearing a Urea Moiety
Authors: Shaikh Dada B. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , La Duong Duc , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ordering of organic molecules in a supramolecular self‐assembly determines their physical, chemical, and photonic properties. Here, we report the aggregation of two achiral naphthalene diimides (NDIs), in which phenyl moieties are linked to the NDI core via a urea subunit, leading to chiral supramolecular assemblies in THF/methylcyclohexane. Circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis of twisted ribbons deposited from solutions indicated a mixture of left‐ and right‐handed nanostructures for one NDI, whereas only left‐handed structures were observed for the other one. Furthermore, this study also shows the effect of large atoms such as iodine on the self‐assembly process, which governs and controls the helicity of the produced microstructures. The supramolecular assemblies were characterized by UV/Vis, fluorescence emission, CD, SEM, and XRD techniques.
Ornamentation of Triskelion Peptide Nanotori to Produce Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP)‐Embedded Peptide Nanobangles
Authors: Gupta Shradhey , Singh Ramesh , Kumar Vikas , Shukla Prashant , Joshi Khashti Ballabh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report the formation of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–biotinylated triskelion peptide hybrid nanostructures. These structures were created by using self‐organization and mimicking strategies to develop AuNP‐ornamented peptide nanobangles with predetermined properties on biocompatible surfaces. Such intelligent and fascinating nanomaterials can be used for several bio‐nanotechnological applications.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Treat Patients With Tooth Agenesis: A Case Report
Authors: Lin I. Ping , Kumchai Hattanas , AlRejaye Najla , Sun Arthur F. , Drizen Kenneth , Liu Jess Li‐Je 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionTooth agenesis is a type of dental anomaly in which individuals are missing teeth due to developmental failure as a result of genetic or environmental factors. With approximately one fourth of the population missing ≥1 third molar, tooth agenesis is considered a common dental anomaly. However, the severity of tooth agenesis can range from a missing single tooth to multiple teeth. When suffering from severe tooth agenesis, the patient's health and social relationships are often affected.Case PresentationThe patient in this report congenitally lost 11 teeth and suffered from compromised esthetics and impaired chewing function. In such a severe tooth agenesis case, interdisciplinary treatments involving orthodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics were engaged to reconstruct the ideal biology, function, and esthetics for the patient. With an interdisciplinary approach, the periodontist played an important role in the rehabilitation of the edentulous regions with implants in combination with various hard and soft tissue augmentation procedures. In addition, the patient with severe tooth agenesis presented with additional dental anomalies. The periodontist, therefore, had to collaborate with other specialists to provide early detection and intervention to avoid future complications, such as the management of infraoccluded ankylosed deciduous molars and aberrant frenum.
The patient at the end of treatment had a good occlusion with improved function and esthetics.ConclusionThis case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment approach used and points out the role of periodontists in the treatment of a patient with severe tooth agenesis.
Treatment of Furcation Involvement Using Autogenous Tooth Graft With 1‐Year Follow‐Up: A Case Series
Authors: Upadhyay Preeti , Blaggana Vikram , Tripathi Pragya , Jindal Manika 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to clinically evaluate an autogenous tooth graft (ATG) as a novel bone graft material in the treatment of Class II furcation defects. ATG is prepared at chairside from a freshly extracted tooth to be used immediately for bone regeneration. It has an advantage over the autogenous and other bone graft materials as it is non‐immunogenic, inexpensive, easily available, and lacks donor‐site morbidity.Case PresentationThis study was conducted on three middle‐aged (35 to 55 years) male patients, who had at least one mandibular molar with Class II furcation involvement (a total of 5 sites) and one tooth that required extraction because of poor prognosis and was not endodontically treated. At 9 and 12 months, the mean reductions in horizontal probing depth were (1.40 ± 0.57 mm) and (1.52 ± 0.59 mm), respectively, and the mean gains in linear bone‐fill were (3.90 ± 0.15 mm) and (5.33 ± 0.10 mm), respectively.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, ATG exhibited ideal properties for alveolar bone regeneration. In addition, this study outlines the chairside method to prepare a graft and highlights the improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters at 9 and 12 months.