bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Review for Patients With Bilateral Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Pietsch Theresa , David Jonathan , Vergara Franz 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this joint project between the National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses and the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses was to develop nursing practice guidelines for patients who experience bilateral knee arthroplasty (BTKA) across the continuum of care. No guidelines existed and an integrative review was completed to address this gap.

METHODS:
An integrative review of refereed quantitative and qualitative research in published and gray literature was completed to answer the clinical questions: (1) What is the scope of evidence-based nursing interventions for patients undergoing BTKA? (2) What are patients' experiences with BTKA across the care continuum? The scope of the literature search was patients with bilateral and unilateral total knee arthroplasty. An evidence-based system was used to rate the strength of studies that met the criteria for inclusion in this review.

RESULTS:
The search method identified 588 potential titles but the analysis of the abstracts supported only 128 studies for possible inclusion in this project. The authors independently reviewed these studies and concluded that 126 studies did not meet the inclusion criteria and 2 quantitative studies were eligible for inclusion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding which interventions are most effective for pain management, functional gains, quality of life, and other nurse-sensitive outcomes is best derived from empirical studies. Most likely, BTKA nursing care is being guided by clinical experts and not by empirical nursing evidence. In the absence of empirical evidence, it is feasible that nurses can extrapolate findings from other studies to guide and support the care of BTKA patients. Research recommendations include the exploration of early mobilization interventions, development of nursing care bundles, and evaluation of patient-centered outcomes at the points of transitional care.
The Effect of Functional Disability and Quality of Life on Decision to Have Surgery in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Yılmaz Emel , Çıkrıkçıoğlu H. Yağmur , Baydur Hakan 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE:
This study aimed to determine the effect of functional disability and quality of life (QoL) on the decision to have surgery in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

METHOD/DESIGN:
This is descriptive and cross-sectional survey. A total of 239 patients were included in the study. Data were collected using a personal information form, Surgical Belief and Attitudes Questionnaire (SBAQ), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Short Form-36 (SF-36). The data analysis was undertaken using Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, and logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
Patients were found to have low mean scores in the SF-36 subscales and SBAQ and high mean scores in ODI, RMDQ, and VAS. Six weeks after the first interview, 48.1% of patients decided to undergo surgery. A statistically significant difference was found between a decision to have surgery and the ODI, RMDQ, VAS, SBAQ scores and 6 of the 8 SF-36 subscales (except for role physical and general health; p < .05). Patients who had higher functional disability, pain intensity, and SBAQ score and those with lower QoL were more likely to decide to undergo surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the study showed that patients with LDH who have been referred for surgery experience high functional disability and pain and a poor QoL, and that these factors have an impact on their decision to have surgery process.
Etoposide and Corticosteroid Combination Therapy Improves Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Aoyagi Tetsuji , Sato Yukio , Toyama Masahiko , Oshima Kengo , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Kaku Mistuo 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Excessive inflammation reactions with a cytokine storm in the lungs have historically been thought as the primary cause of fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, interruption of inflammatory cytokine activation failed to attenuate ARDS, suggesting that other therapies are required to treat this illness and improve survival. Etoposide (ET), a cytotoxic agent, and prednisolone (PSL), a corticosteroid with strong anti-inflammatory activity, have been used to treat other disease involving similar cytokine-activated macrophages and hemophagocytic activity. However, they have not been previously tested as ARDS therapeutics alone or in combination. In the present study, we used a fatal ARDS mouse model induced via administration of α-galactosylceramide and lipopolysaccharide, which resulted in the development of severe lung injury with hypercytokinemia and hemophagocytosis, all of which were observed in ARDS patients infected with highly pathogenic respiratory viruses. The ET and PSL combination therapy, but not ET or PSL alone, reduced the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells including macrophages, natural killer T cells, and neutrophils, and significantly improved the survival rate in this model. Furthermore, whereas ET alone improved lung edema, it did not increase the survival rate, indicating the necessity of PSL in the treatment of ARDS. Surprisingly, combination therapy did not reduce the production of cytokines and chemokines in the lungs, demonstrating that inflammatory cells, rather than hypercytokinemia, are the direct target of these compounds and primary cause of ARDS-related death. Thus, combination therapy with ET and PSL that targets inflammatory cells has the potential to attenuate fatal ARDS.
Transplant-free Survival in Chronic Liver Disease Presenting as Acute Liver Failure in Childhood
Authors: Di Giorgio Angelo , Nicastro Emanuele , Dalla Rosa Davide , Nebbia Gabriella , Sonzogni Aurelio , D’Antiga Lorenzo 
Published: July 2018

Background.
In adults, the absence of a preexisting chronic liver disease (CLD) is required to diagnose acute liver failure (ALF). The pediatric classification does not consider this aspect, thus previous studies pooled together children with ALF and children with unknown CLD presenting with acute hepatic decompensation (ALF-CLD). We aimed to compare prevalence, features, and outcome of children with ALF-CLD to those with a proper ALF.

Methods.
Patients admitted between 1996 and 2017 because of ALF defined by Pediatric Acute Liver Failure criteria (raised transaminases, International Normal Ratio ≥2.0, no history of liver disease) were classified as ALF-CLD if diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome, hepatitis B virus reactivation, inborn errors of metabolism. The others were classified as ALF.

Results.
Seventy-four children (median age, 4 years; 1.0–8.8; male/female, 36/38] with ALF were found; 18 of <1 year of age were excluded. Fifty-six (median age, 6.6 years; 2.7–11.7; male/female, 23/33], 22 with ALF-CLD (autoimmune hepatitis, n = 14; Wilson disease, n = 6; inborn errors of metabolism, n = 2) and 34 with ALF (paracetamol overdose, n = 6; viral infections, n = 3; mushroom poisoning, n = 5; indeterminate, n = 20) were compared. In ALF-CLD, the median age at onset was higher, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and International Normal Ratio levels were lower, splenomegaly, ascites, and cirrhosis were more common (all P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the diagnosis of ALF-CLD was an independent predictor of transplant-free survival (P = 0.006).

Conclusions.
In children, ALF-CLD is common, has peculiar features, and is associated with a favorable outcome. This study suggests the need to distinguish this entity from other forms of ALF in children.
NF-Y controls fidelity of transcription initiation at gene promoters through maintenance of the nucleosome-depleted region
Authors: Oldfield Andrew J , Henriques Telmo , Kumar Dhirendra , Burkholder Adam B. , Cinghu Senthilkumar , Paulet Damien , Bennett Brian , Yang Pengyi , Scruggs Benjamin S. , Lavender Christopher A. , Rivals Eric , Adelman Karen , Jothi Raja 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFaithful transcription initiation is critical for accurate gene expression, yet the mechanisms underlying specific transcription start site (TSS) selection in mammals remain unclear. Here, we show that the histone-fold domain protein NF-Y, a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, controls the fidelity of transcription initiation at gene promoters. We report that NF-Y maintains the region upstream of TSSs in a nucleosome-depleted state while simultaneously protecting this accessible region against aberrant and/or ectopic transcription initiation. We find that loss of NF-Y binding in mammalian cells disrupts the promoter chromatin landscape, leading to nucleosomal encroachment over the canonical TSS. Importantly, this chromatin rearrangement is accompanied by upstream relocation of the transcription preinitiation complex and ectopic transcription initiation. Further, this phenomenon generates aberrant extended transcripts that undergo translation, disrupting gene expression profiles. These results establish NF-Y as a central player in TSS selection in metazoans and highlight the deleterious consequences of inaccurate transcription initiation.
Hybrid misexpression in multiple developing tissues within a recent adaptive radiation ofCyprinodonpupfishes
Authors: McGirr Joseph A. , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenetic incompatibilities constitute the final stages of reproductive isolation and speciation, but little is known about incompatibilities that occur within recent adaptive radiations among closely related diverging populations. Crossing divergent species to form hybrids can break up coadapted variation, resulting in genetic incompatibilities within developmental networks shaping adaptive traits. We crossed two closely related sympatricCyprinodonpupfish species – a dietary generalist and a specialized molluscivore – and measured expression levels in their F1hybrids to identify regulatory variation underlying the novel craniofacial morphology found in this recent microendemic adaptive radiation. We extracted mRNA from eight day old whole-larvae tissue and from craniofacial tissues dissected from 17-20 day old larvae to compare gene expression between a total of seven F1hybrids and 24 individuals from parental species populations. We found 3.9% of genes differentially expressed between generalists and molluscivores in whole-larvae tissues and 0.6% of genes differentially expressed in craniofacial tissue. We found that 2.1% of genes were misexpressed in whole-larvae hybrids at 8 dpf whereas 19.1% of genes were misexpressed in hybrid craniofacial tissue at 17-20 dpf, after correcting for sequencing biases. We also measured allele specific expression across 15,429 phased heterozygous sites to identify regulatory mechanisms underlying differential expression between generalists and molluscivores. Together, our results highlight the importance of considering misexpression as an early indicator of genetic incompatibilities in the context of rapidly diverged morphology and suggests that wide-spread compensatory regulatory divergence drives hybrid misexpression in developing tissues that give rise to novel craniofacial traits.
Glycolytic flux inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis dependent on RNA polymerase III and its negative regulator Maf1
Authors: Szatkowska Róża , Garcia-Albornoz Manuel , Roszkowska Katarzyna , Holman Stephen , Hubbard Simon , Beynon Robert , Adamczyk Malgorzata 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein biosynthesis is energetically costly, is tightly regulated and is coupled to stress conditions including glucose deprivation. RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) driven transcription of tDNA genes for production of tRNAs is a key element in efficient protein biosynthesis. Here we present an analysis of the effects of altered RNAP III activity on theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeproteome and metabolism under glucose rich conditions. We show for the first time that RNAP III is tightly coupled to the glycolytic system at the molecular systems level. Decreased RNAP III activity or the absence of the RNAP III negative regulator, Maf1 elicit broad changes in the abundance profiles of enzymes engaged in fundamental metabolism inS. cerevisiae.In a mutant compromised in RNAP III activity there is a repartitioning towards amino acids synthesisde novoat the expense of glycolytic throughput. Conversely, cells lacking Maf1 protein have greater potential for glycolytic flux.
The interplay of structural and cellular biophysics controls clustering of multivalent molecules
Authors: Chattaraj A. , Youngstrom M. , Loew L. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDynamic molecular clusters are assembled through weak multivalent interactions and are platforms for cellular functions, especially receptor-mediated signaling. Clustering is also a prerequisite for liquid-liquid phase separation. But it is not well understood how molecular structure and cellular organization control clustering. Using coarse-grain kinetic Langevin dynamics, we performed computational experiments on a prototypical ternary system modeled after membrane-bound nephrin, the adaptor Nck1 and the actin nucleation promoting factor NWASP. Steady state cluster size distributions favored stoichiometries that optimized binding (stoichiometry matching), but still were quite broad. At high concentrations, the system can be driven beyond the saturation boundary such that cluster size is limited only by the number of available molecules. This behavior would be predictive of phase separation. Domains close to binding sites sterically inhibited clustering much less than terminal domains because the latter effectively restrict access to the cluster interior. Increased flexibility of interacting molecules diminished clustering by shielding binding sites within compact conformations. Membrane association of nephrin increased the cluster size distribution in a density-dependent manner. These properties provide insights into how molecular ensembles function to localize and amplify cell signaling.
Native RNA sequencing on nanopore arrays redefines the transcriptional complexity of a viral pathogen
Authors: Depledge Daniel P. , Srinivas Kalanghad Puthankalam , Sadaoka Tomohiko , Bready Devin , Mori Yasuko , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Mohr Ian , Wilson Angus C 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTViral genomes exhibit a higher gene density and more diversified transcriptome than the host cell. Coding potential is maximized through the use of multiple reading frames, placement of genes on opposing strands, inefficient or modified use of termination signals, and the deployment of complex alternative splicing patterns. As a consequence, detailed characterization of viral transcriptomes by conventional methods can be challenging. Full length native RNA sequencing (nRNA-seq) using nanopore arrays offers an exciting alternative. Individual transcripts are sequenced directly, without the biases inherent to the recoding or amplification steps included in other sequencing methodologies. nRNA-seq simplifies the detection of variation brought about by RNA splicing, use of alternative transcription initiation and termination sites, and other RNA modifications. Here we use nRNA-seq to profile the herpes simplex virus type 1 transcriptome during early and late stages of productive infection of primary cells. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and identify a novel class of intergenic transcripts, including an mRNA that accumulates late in infection that codes for a novel fusion of the viral E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP0 and viral membrane glycoprotein L.
The prokaryotic SPHINX 1.8 REP protein is tissue-specific and expressed in human germline cells
Authors: Manuelidis Laura 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSmall circular DNAs of 1.8 and 2.4kb were initially discovered in highly infectious CJD and scrapie particles from mammalian brain and cultured cells. Surprisingly, these protected cytoplasmic "SPHINX" DNAs contained replication (REP) initiation sequences resembling those of Acinetobacter phage viruses. An antibody was generated against a REP peptide encoded by the SPHINX 1.8 ORF that was not present in mammals. It bound to a 41kd "spx1" protein on Western blots. Cytologically, spx1 concentrated in spinal cord synapses and pancreatic islet, but not exocrine cells. We hypothesized that circular SPHINX DNAs are ancient symbiotic elements that can participate in functional differentiation and neurodegeneration. Cell and tissue specific patterns of spx1 expression shown below implicate somatic cell-to-cell communication and differentiation functions that would favor conservation of SPHINX 1.8 in evolution. Remarkably, primary human oocytes and spermatogonia, but not mature sperm, displayed intense cytoplasmic spx1 signals that underscore the maternal inheritance of SPHINX 1.8. These findings should encourage investigations of unexplored networks of incorporated environmental infectious agents that can be key actors in progressive neurodegeneration, immunity and cancer.
Distribution of alpha‐neoendorphin, ACTH (18–39) and beta‐endorphin (1–27) in the alpaca brainstem
Authors: Sánchez Manuel L. , de Souza Eliana , Aguilar Luis A. , Coveñas Rafael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied in the alpaca brainstem the distribution of immunoreactive structures containing prodynorphin (alpha‐neoendorphin)‐ and pro‐opiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotrophin hormone (18–39) (ACTH), beta‐endorphin (1–27))‐derived peptides. No peptidergic‐immunoreactive cell body was observed. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed, although in most of the brainstem nuclei the density of the peptidergic fibres was low or very low. In general, the distribution of the immunoreactive fibres containing the peptides studied was very similar. A close anatomical relationship occurred among the fibres containing alpha‐neoendorphin, ACTH or beta‐endorphin (1–27), suggesting a functional interaction among the three peptides in many of the brainstem nuclei. The number of fibres belonging to the prodynorphin system was higher than that of the pro‐opiomelanocortin system. A moderate/low density of immunoreactive fibres was observed in 65.11% (for alpha‐neoendorphin (1–27)), 18.18% (for ACTH) and 13.95% (for beta‐endorphin) of the brainstem nuclei/tracts. In the alpaca brainstem, a high density of immunoreactive fibres was not observed. The neuroanatomical distribution of the immunoreactive fibres suggests that the peptides studied are involved in auditory, motor, gastric, feeding, vigilance, stress, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms, taste response, sleep‐waking cycle and the control of pain transmission.
Developmental defects of enamel increase caries susceptibility in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Li Yihong , Chen Xi , Chen Shuli , Janal Malvin N. , Sarnat Haim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe present epidemiological study aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and dental caries between urban and suburban Chinese preschool children.MethodsA total of 1351 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children were invited to participate in this study and received dental examinations. A modified DDE index was used to assess the prevalence and severity of DDE. The dental caries diagnosis was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) health survey methods for field studies and was recorded using the decayed, missing and filled tooth (dmft) index. The caries status was further classified as caries or severe caries according to a modification of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry definition.ResultsOverall, the DDE prevalence was 48.3% among the 1351 preschool children. The DDE prevalence was higher in innercity children (54.1%) than in suburban children (42.0%; P < 0.001). In contrast, the suburban children had a higher prevalence of dental caries (65.2% vs 57.5%; P = 0.004) and a higher mean dmft score (3.5 ± 4.2 vs 2.9 ± 3.8; P = 0.005) than the innercity children. Only 23.9% of the children were free of both DDE and caries. The caries risk increased significantly and independently as DDE severity increased (linear trend, 95% confidence interval = [1.32, 1.69], age [1.60, 1.88], urban residence [1.18, 2.15] and breastfeeding experience [1.04, 1.60]) after controlling for other demographic risk factors.ConclusionsThe study provides new evidence that DDE is a significant contributing factor for the highly prevalent and progressive dental caries observed in Chinese preschool children. These results highlight the importance of including DDE in caries risk assessments.
Understanding child neglect in Aboriginal families and communities in the context of trauma
Authors: Newton BJ 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChild neglect is a significant concern for Aboriginal families and communities both in Australia and internationally. Service responses to child neglect are largely informed by child neglect theories, which explain the nature and causes of child neglect. However, child neglect is a problem that is worsening for Aboriginal children, suggesting that these theories are not appropriate. This paper argues that to meet the needs of Aboriginal families and communities where there is child neglect, policy and practice needs to acknowledge and address the impact of trauma in shaping the lived experiences of Aboriginal people.International literature discusses the impact and consequence of historical trauma within Indigenous families and communities, and separately, child maltreatment theorists have discussed the ecological nature of child neglect. However, the literature and evidence‐base linking the two, child neglect and historical trauma in Indigenous contexts, are very scant. This paper aims to fill this gap and emphasize the importance of addressing child neglect within Aboriginal families and communities in the context of historical trauma. Although this paper focuses on the post‐colonial experiences of Aboriginal people in Australia, the arguments can extend to many Indigenous cultures universally where child welfare interventions have resulted in significant and ongoing trauma.
Runtime Shader Simplification via Instant Search in Reduced Optimization Space
Authors: Yuan Yazhen , Wang Rui , Hu Tianlei , Bao Hujun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTraditional automatic shader simplification simplifies shaders in an offline process, which is typically carried out in a context‐oblivious manner or with the use of some example contexts, e.g., certain hardware platforms, scenes, and uniform parameters, etc. As a result, these pre‐simplified shaders may fail at adapting to runtime changes of the rendering context that were not considered in the simplification process. In this paper, we propose a new automatic shader simplification technique, which explores two key aspects of a runtime simplification framework: the optimization space and the instant search for optimal simplified shaders with runtime context. The proposed technique still requires a preprocess stage to process the original shader. However, instead of directly computing optimal simplified shaders, the proposed preprocess generates a reduced shader optimization space. In particular, two heuristic estimates of the quality and performance of simplified shaders are presented to group similar variants into representative ones, which serve as basic graph nodes of the simplification dependency graph (SDG), a new representation of the optimization space. At the runtime simplification stage, a parallel discrete optimization algorithm is employed to instantly search in the SDG for optimal simplified shaders. New data‐driven cost models are proposed to predict the runtime quality and performance of simplified shaders on the basis of data collected during runtime. Results show that the selected simplifications of complex shaders achieve 1.6 to 2.5 times speedup and still retain high rendering quality.