bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lime and marble deposits mapping and estimation through deep neural layers-random forest merger and remote sensing imagery
Authors: Jan Nazir , Minallah Nasru , Sher Madiha , Khan Shahid , Gohar Neelam , Khan Salahuddin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lime and marble are sedimentary (carbonate) rocks, mainly composed of calcite and dolomite as major ingredients. Calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite (MgCO3) offer excellent reflection in visible and short-wave infrared bands (0.4 to 2.5 μm), which distinguish them from other rock types and makes them a solid application area for multispectral sentinel-2 sensors. In this study, the monumental deposits of carbonated rocks of the intended study region are mapped and estimated with better accuracy by using a novel Deep Neural Layers-Random Forest merger model and Sentinel-2 imagery. We used ArcGIS 10.5 to prepare a high-quality classified map of the study regions, which can be used further to effectively and efficiently reach out and extract those deposits. The proposed model, trained on a locally generated dataset, containing 134,897 pixels of size 10 m, mapped the deposits with 0.95 accuracy (kappa coefficient 0.94), which is 70% of the total mineral deposits of the study regions. The proposed model is the improved version of a prior experimented model consisting of convolution layers and dense layers only, whose accuracy was 0.93. The experimental outcomes of the study stood successful in finding the optimum combination of hyperparameters for the AI models used, to delineate mineralization zones with precision, focusing on carbonate in particular.
XGBoost-enabled low-complexity approach for signal integrity assessment in coherent communication systems
Authors: Jha Dhirendra Kumar , Mishra Jitendra K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Error vector magnitude (EVM) provides critical information for assessing signal integrity and system performance in optical communication systems. In this research, a regression approach using boosting algorithms is developed to retrieve EVM information from complex signal constellation structures applicable to various modulation formats. Amplitude histograms are created and collected at different OSNR levels, launch powers, and transmission distances using an offline preprocessing approach. The impact of various evaluation techniques, including mean absolute error, coefficient of determination, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is discussed in detail. The results show that the proposed extreme gradient boosting framework considerably increases estimation precision compared to categorical boosting and light gradient boosting machine, especially under diverse transmission conditions, with MAPE staying below 1.7% and RMSE below 0.5, thereby enhancing overall performance monitoring in optical communication systems. This research provides a comprehensive and accurate representation of the proposed EVM estimation technique, making it a valuable resource for the development of advanced optical performance monitoring systems in the future.
Novel structure of Fin-iTFET with main gate and source metal formed simultaneously while control gate and drain formed simultaneously
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Lin Yung-Hsin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new structure for Fin-iTFET where the main gate and source metal are formed simultaneously, and the control gate and drain are formed simultaneously. The process used for the fabrication is simple, cost-effective, and fully compact with conventional CMOS technology. With the help of a control gate, our Fin-iTFET can achieve a steep subthreshold swing (SSavg) and a high I
ON/I
OFF ratio. Using Sentaurus TCAD simulations, we confirm that the current transport mechanism of our Fin-iTFET is based on band-to-band line-tunneling, which enhances the ON current (I
ON) and mitigates leakage with a reduced trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) effect. Instead of relying on dopant implantations and thermal annealing, we utilize a metal-semiconductor Schottky junction to enhance the minority carrier concentration at the source end, increase band bending, increase the overlap between the conduction band and valence band, increase the vertical electric field, and thereby increase the line tunneling generation rates, ultimately enhancing the ON current of the device. The simulations show that the device exhibits an SSavg of 13.6 mV dec−1 with an I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 109 at V
D = −0.2 V and V
CG = 0.2 V. In summary, our Fin-iTFET can achieve excellent electrical performance at low power supply voltages.
Compton scattering from proton pairs – illustrating weak and strong measurements
Authors: Karlsson Erik B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neutrons interacting with protons in Compton scattering is here chosen as an example of a non-trivial quantum measurement. It illustrates a situation where a probe particle makes an observation (a weak measurement) of the studied protons, preparing for a final state in which one of them takes up the recoil in the collision. The proton is ejected during a strong (projective) measurement that selects one particular momentum value out of the proton’s initial distribution of momentum states. This course of events in the measurement process is evidenced by the observation that destructive interference appears during the weak interaction stage which leads to a strongly reduced neutron cross section for the proton system.
Frequency chirping in the early stage of a near-threshold bump-on-tail instability
Authors: Qu Z.S. , Garbet X. , Hezaveh H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It has been shown that the mode amplitude and frequency evolution in the early non-linear stage of a near-threshold bump-on-tail system can be reproduced by solving the linear dispersion relationship at each time step using the non-linearly modified distribution function at an earlier time. The dispersion relationship gives two solutions with departing frequencies almost immediately after the flattening of the distribution function starts to cancel out the drive. One can therefore attribute the early onset of the chirping directly to the modification of the underlying dispersion relationship. The existence of the two waves is because of the beam branch of the beam-plasma instabilities created by the perturbed distribution function. After the two chirping branches are formed, their frequencies are locked to the location of the peaks in the nonlinear distribution function, while the peaks are pushed forwards by beating itself. The transition from the beating-and-chirping scenario to chirping with hole-clump pair creation is found to be determined by the overlapping criterion of the two phase-space islands created by the two chirping branches.
Investigation of two-dimensional radio-frequency sheath properties using a microscale fluid model
Authors: Kohno H. , Myra J.R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In previous work (Kohno and Myra 2023 Comput. Phys. Commun.
291 108841), we developed a numerical scheme based on a two-dimensional microscale radio-frequency (RF) sheath model with periodically curved wall boundaries. Here, we expand the capability of this scheme through modification of the boundary conditions (BCs) on the conducting walls, which allows the ion flow to turn back to the plasma at locations on the walls where the electromagnetic force on the ions is reversed from its usual direction. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the dependences of the surface-integrated admittances on the wall bump height, ion magnetization, ion mobility, and the magnetic field angle, and to visualize the sheath structures in several cases. One of the main results is the ion cyclotron admittance resonance observed under the condition of low ion mobility (high normalized frequency). It is shown that the amplitude of the resonance peak depends on the wall bump height and the ion velocity is reversed on the sides of the bump in an RF cycle for the resonance cases. Furthermore, the differences in the admittances between the one- and two-dimensional microscale models are assessed for the purpose of understanding non-locality of the sheath near the wall surface for the parameters considered in this study. This information will be essential for improving the sheath BC for macroscale calculations in the future.
Research on enhanced oil recovery of super heavy oil based on FCD technology
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Shao Fengsheng , Sun Nan , Shen Qun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Horizontal well technology is widely used in CSS (Cyclic Steam Stimulation) and SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) in super-heavy oil development. With the increase of CSS cycles, three contradictions are increasingly faced: first, the issue of non-conformance of horizontal section; Second, the horizontal well is susceptible to steam breakthrough and SAGD steam chamber during production. Third, the issue of higher cycle lower efficiency. FCD (Flow Control Devices) technology is a kind of technology that can realize the artificial control of downhole steam, oil, and water flow. The flow control devices and sand control string are integrated, and the production string is run into the original well to achieve uniform steam injection and fluid production, inhibit steam breakthrough, improve production profile, and increase oil well production. In this paper, the FCD technology is introduced briefly, and then the application of FCD technology in major oil fields, both domestic and overseas, is discussed. Finally, the field practice of FCD technology in enhanced oil recovery of Liao He Oilfield Special oil development Company is discussed.
Integral quantization in the quantum configuration space
Authors: Góźdź A. , Góźdź M. , Pȩdrak A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum spacetime in which time is considered on the same footing as other observables is a part of the quantum configuration space. In such space a natural geometry is generated by the transition amplitudes among quantum configuration space points. It is shown, that a good candidate for quantization of extended (plus time) classical configuration spaces is integral quantization. This quantization is compatible with the notion of quantum time. The most basic features of this quantization are presented.
Quantum singularities in a solvable toy model
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Via elementary examples it is demonstrated that the singularities of classical physics (sampled by the Big Bang in cosmology) need not necessarily get smeared out after quantization. It is proposed that the role of quantum singularities can be played by the so called Kato’s exceptional-point spectral degeneracies.
Relationship between Φ4-matrix model and N-body harmonic oscillator or Calogero-Moser model
Authors: Grosse H , Kanomata N , Sako A , Wulkenhaar R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study some Hermitian Φ4-matrix model and some real symmetric Φ4-matrix model whose kinetic terms are given by Tr(EΦ2), where E is a positive diagonal matrix without degenerate eigenvalues. We show that the partition functions of these matrix models correspond to zero-energy solutions of a Schödinger type equation with N-body harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian and Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian, respectively. The first half of this paper is primarily a review of previous work of us. The discussion of the properties of zero-energy solutions and the discussion of systems of differential equations satisfied by partition functions derived from the Virasoro algebra in the latter half of this paper contain novel material.
Generalization of the Coleman-Mandula theorem and the ring paradigm
Authors: Novák J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the biggest open problems in cosmology is to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe in the last 5 billion years. There were attempts to solve it classically, but one could also use quantum gravity. We introduce a new approach to the quantization of gravity, called the ring paradigm, according to which graviton is a phonon on a dynamical grid. We obtain, after the application to cosmology, a new model of dark energy, inside which we solve the old problem of the cosmological constant. The only way how to conceptually verify the ring paradigm is to show that there exists a certain generalization of the Coleman-Mandula theorem.
On the construction of the coherent states of the semiconfined harmonic oscillator with a position-dependent effective mass
Authors: Nagiyev S.M. , Jafarov E.I. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present details of the method for constructing the coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator model that exhibits the semiconfinement effect due to a specific change of its mass by position. Its energy spectrum completely overlaps with the Hermite oscillator energy spectrum, whereas the wavefunctions of the stationary states are expressed via the generalized Laguerre polynomials. Two different methods have been applied to compute the coherent states. They are generalized and Barut-Girardello coherent states methods. In both cases, the exact expressions have been obtained. We also analyzed some limit cases, under which the constructed coherent states completely recover the coherent states of the Hermite oscillator.
Generalized exchange operators for a system of spin-1 particles
Authors: Jeudy Charlie , Rouleux Michel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The irreps

(

S
U

(
2
)
,

H

,
U
)

of SU(2) of dimension (2S + 1)N, i.e. operators acting on the space

H

=

H

N

=

C

(
2
S
+
1

)
N

of N identical particles with spin S, are described by Clebsch-Gordan decomposition into inequivalent irreps. In the special case S = 1/2, Dirac [1] discovered that there is another rep given by

(

S

(
N
)
,

H

,
V
)

where

S

(
N
)

is the permutation group, Thus, the standard “linear” Hamiltonian, or Heisenberg interaction Hamiltonian

H

0

=

∑

1
≤
i
≤
N

S

→

i

⋅

S

→

j

, where

σ

→

i

=
2

S

→

i

is the vector of Pauli matrices, can be interpreted as the sum of the “Exchange Operators” Pij
between particles i and j. Schrödinger [3] generalized to higher spin numbers S the Exchange Operator

P

i
j

=

P

S

(

S

→

i

⋅

S

→

j

)

as a polynomial of degree 2S in

S

→

i

⋅

S

→

j

. This we call the P-representation. There is another rep induced by the one particle permutation of states operators

Q

∼

α

, which we call the Q-rep. Our main purpose is to write some physical Hamiltonians for a few particles in the P- or Q-rep and compute their spectrum. The simplest case where there are as many particles as available states for the spin operator along the z-axis, i.e. N = 2S + 1 = 3, see Weyl [4] or Hamermesh [5]. Finally, we consider the relationship between permutations and rotation invariance when S = 1/2 and S = 1.
Data-driven optimization of material composition and casting processes for large ferritic nodular cast iron components in wind turbines
Authors: Su Fei , Wang Donghong , Xue Jing , Deng Xiaoming , Gong Qianhai , Xia Xiaojiang , Su Xianglin , Shu Da 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the challenges of producing large-scale wind turbine components by proposing an optimization scheme for the material properties and casting processes of ductile cast iron. The study integrates experimental data with JMatPro calculations to establish a comprehensive database of 1, 139 ferritic nodular cast iron samples. Using machine learning and multi-objective optimization, an optimized composition was developed, and Pareto front solutions were achieved with performance significantly surpassing QT400-18. The AI-CAST platform was then applied to refine the casting process for a 6 MW wind turbine hub, reducing internal defects to 2, 738.52 mm³ and decreasing loose defects by 83.68%. This integrated approach not only enhances material performance and casting quality but also offers significant cost savings, suggesting broad applicability for improved production efficiency in the casting industry.
Numerical simulation of underwater explosive shock wave with gas layer charge
Authors: Hao Hongrui , Lu Xi , Liang Zhengang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the gas layer on the explosive’s underwater explosion shock wave load, based on AUTUODYN kinetic analysis software, we establish a one-dimensional underwater explosion numerical simulation model with a gas layer charge and study underwater explosion with a gas layer charge on the impact of the peak pressure and specific impulse of the shock wave underwater explosion. The results show that the gas’s low impedance and the continuous reciprocal reflection of the shock wave in the layer of the shock wave in the water led to a lower pressure Peak pressure of the shock wave in the water and its post-wave oscillatory decay waveform. With the increase of the uncoupling coefficient, the peak pressure of the shock wave in the water decreases, and the specific impulse increases and then decreases, through the range of 5∼1, 000 kg of TNT spherical charge underwater explosion calculations, to verify the reliability of the conclusions. The study’s conclusion shows that applying an underwater blast protection project with a gas layer charge should be reasonably designed for gas layer thickness to avoid the enhancement of the impulse but increase the harm of the shock wave.
Gas layer charge influence law study of underwater explosion bubble pulsation
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Yan Haimin , Lu Xi , Guo Cean 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To discuss the influence of the gas layer on underwater explosion load, the influence of gas layer thickness on bubble pulsation period maximum radius, pressure peak value, and specific impulse during underwater explosion was first discussed. A simulation model of underwater explosion with gas layer charge is established by numerical simulation method, and the influence law of gas layer on the pulsation of underwater explosion bubble is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the pulsation period and maximum radius of the underwater explosion bubble increase with the increase of gas layer thickness. The peak value of bubble pulsation pressure decreases, while the specific impulse increases first and then decreases. The research conclusion shows that in a certain gas layer, the damage risk of protective structure may be increased due to the increase of pulsating pressure ratio impulse or the resonance between pulsating frequency and structure.
Effect of tungsten carbide content on the wear performance of plasma-clad nickel-based tungsten carbide coatings
Authors: Cao Yichen , Li Xinshuo , Dong Haotian , Wang Guanghong , Zou Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The performance demands for cutter rings in tunnel excavation have increased, necessitating improved wear and corrosion resistance of their surfaces. Plasma-clad tungsten carbide coatings can significantly enhance these properties. This study is one of the first to systematically investigate the wear performance of plasma-clad nickel-based coatings with specific tungsten carbide (WC) content (50% and 60%) under dry wear conditions, using an in-depth comparative analysis of wear mechanisms. Through experimental design, wear coefficient and volume analysis, and performance evaluation, we investigate the mechanical properties and microstructure of the coatings before and after wear. Techniques such as metallographic analysis, hardness evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Additionally, this study introduces an optimized testing protocol for analyzing wear behavior under varying loads, contributing to a more precise understanding of how WC content impacts wear resistance. Results show that variations in load, tungsten carbide content, and operating conditions impact the coating’s structure and wear performance. The primary wear mechanisms observed were abrasive and adhesive wear. An optimal tungsten carbide content provided superior wear resistance, with a wear coefficient 1.5 times higher and a wear volume half that of coatings with excessive tungsten carbide. These findings offer valuable insights for applying plasma cladding technology to develop high-wear-resistant coatings.
Analysis of temperature field in gun barrel under different firing numbers
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Yang Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To examine the impact of the temperature field created by the thermal shock of high-temperature propellant gas in the barrel during firing on the dependability of the gun’s lifespan, a finite element model of a gun barrel was created by using finite element software. Under single and continuous firing settings, the distribution law of the barrel temperature field was examined, and the convective heat transfer mechanism on the inner and outer walls of the barrel was simulated by using nonlinear transient thermodynamic theory. This establishes the groundwork for future investigations on the dependability of gun barrel life.
First motional stark effect measurements at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Zanini Marco , Ford Oliver , Bannmann Sebastian , Kügler Jörn , Poloskei Peter Zsolt , Romba Thilo , Wolf Robert ,   W7-X Team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rotational transform plays a crucial role in magnetic
confinement devices and its profile is directly related to stability
and confinement properties. A popular way to assess the rotational
transform profile is using a Motional Stark Effect diagnostic
system, which relies on the splitting of the Balmer alpha emission,
due to the interaction between a particle beam and the plasma. A
prototype diagnostic was installed at the stellarator Wendelstein
7-X, in order to demonstrate that such a diagnostic can be operated
in this device. This work presents the diagnostic design and
preliminary measurements as well as the calibration procedures
necessary to deal with the extra complexity of measuring
polarisation via an aluminium mirror. Qualitative agreement with
simulations is shown in the variation of the measured polarisation
angle over wavelength. A small but significant change in the
measured angle is seen with changes in the plasma beta. While of a
similar order to that expected, insufficient sensitivity of the
prototype precludes a quantitative match to the prediction. The
required changes to sufficiently improve the sensitivity to achieve
this in future experiments is discussed.
Performance evaluation of an RFSoC operating in a 1.25 Tesla magnetic field
Authors: Ruckman L. , Dragone A. , Herbst R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is
preparing for an upgrade after 2027–2028 to handle higher
luminosity and increased background rates. A Radio Frequency
System-on-Chip (RFSoC) has been identified as a potential candidate
for a common front-end upgrade for subsystems requiring high-speed
waveform digitization. The RFSoC's ADC and DAC channels were tested
across various magnetic field strengths and a few different field
orientations. Power consumption and boot memory functionality were
also assessed. Results indicate stable operation with negligible
performance degradation, suggesting the RFSoC's viability for
high-speed digitization tasks in high magnetic field environments.