bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients: retrospective study of the impact on outcomes
Authors: Klifto Kevin M. , Quiroga Luis , Hultman C. Scott 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Substance use, alcohol use, and smoking use have all been associated with burn injury. Few studies have investigated associations with substances, alcohol, smoking, inhalational only burns, and patient outcomes. The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary failure in patients suffering inhalation injury, focusing on the impact of substance, alcohol, and cigarette use.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 115 patients admitted to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center with inhalational injury from January 1, 2010, through September 30, 2018. Patients were excluded if they were under the age of 18 years or had burn involvement of the skin &gt; 5%. Primary outcome variables measured were if patients were intubated, length of total time intubated, substance use, alcohol use, and smoking use. Secondary outcome variables measured were types of substances used (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, methadone, codeine/morphine), total number of substances used, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, secondary complications, and patient mortality. Analysis was performed with Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. A sub-group analysis for each substance, alcohol, smoking, and control sub-group was compared to its respective sub-group without substance, alcohol, smoking, and control within the no intubation and intubation group. A sub-group analysis of substance use, alcohol use, smoking use, and control was further analyzed with binomial logistic regression within the intubation group.

Results
Following inhalation injury, 50/115 (43%) patients required intubation. Forty-two of the 50 (84%) patients intubated had substance use (p &lt; 0.001). Thirty-one of the 50 (62%) patients intubated had history of smoking (p = 0.038). Among the specific substances used, 26/50 (52%) patients intubated were using benzodiazepines (p &lt; 0.001) and 7/50 (14%) patients were using cocaine (p = 0.022). The lengths of intubation, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS with no substance use were shorter than with substance use (p &lt; 0.001). Following the adjusted sub-group analysis, patients with substance use (odds ratio (OR) 6.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.5–16.3]; p &lt; 0.001) and smoking use (OR 2.5, 95% CI [1.2–5.1]; p = 0.013) were more likely to be intubated on admission than those without substance or smoking use.

Conclusions
In patients admitted with an inhalational injury with less than or equal to 5% external burns, the presence of a substance and smoking use on admission provides a further risk of intubation and respiratory compromise. Substance use on admission poses a greater risk of longer intubation, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. A higher potential for substance use should be suspected in this patient population with prompt treatment.
Everything you wanted to know about e-cigarettes and vaping but were afraid to ask: a guide for mental health clinicians
Authors: Ker Suzy , Peckham Emily , Gilbody Simon , Bonner Susan 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYMental health clinicians are expected to offer support and advice to patients to promote smoking cessation. Alongside this is the relatively new and increasingly popular phenomenon of electronic cigarette use. The absence of any long-term evidence regarding safety is recognised and clinicians' awareness of e-cigarettes may be limited to personal experience or media publications, leading to uncertainty in their confidence discussing e-cigarettes with patients, both in general and as an aid to quitting smoking. This article provides a historical and contemporary overview of e-cigarettes and vaping. The reader will gain an understanding of e-cigarette usage, risks and benefits, the current position on use of e-cigarettes in mental health settings, and tips on how to take an e-cigarette/vaping history and how to offer advice about use. This is achieved in the context of recent publications and national recommendations. Although the focus is primarily on the mental health patient, the article is of benefit to all health and social care professionals to help them develop an understanding of e-cigarettes as a tobacco-smoking cessation or harm-reduction aid.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to:
•provide a balanced overview of e-cigarette use•understand the risk reduction approach in the use of e-cigarettes versus tobacco smoking in people with mental illness•demonstrate the principles of taking a vaping history.DECLARATION OF INTERESTS.G. was chief investigator for the Smoking Cessation Intervention for Severe Mental Ill Health Trial (SCIMITAR) (HTA 11/136/52) and is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humber Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC YH). S.K. received an NIHR grant to part fund her research time for SCIMITAR. This article evolved from the SCIMITAR study.
F5-Peptide and mTORC1/rpS6 Effectively Enhance BTB Transport Function in the Testis—Lesson From the Adjudin Model
Authors: Mao Baiping , Li Linxi , Yan Ming , Wong Chris K C , Silvestrini Bruno , Li Chao , Ge Renshan , Lian Qingquan , Cheng C Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring spermatogenesis, the blood–testis barrier (BTB) undergoes cyclic remodeling that is crucial to support the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the immunological barrier at stage VIII to IX of the epithelial cycle. Studies have shown that this timely remodeling of the BTB is supported by several endogenously produced barrier modifiers across the seminiferous epithelium, which include the F5-peptide and the ribosomal protein S6 [rpS6; a downstream signaling molecule of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)] signaling protein. Herein, F5-peptide and a quadruple phosphomimetic (and constitutively active) mutant of rpS6 [i.e., phosphorylated (p-)rpS6-MT] that are capable of inducing reversible immunological barrier remodeling, by making the barrier “leaky” transiently, were used for their overexpression in the testis to induce BTB opening. We sought to examine whether this facilitated the crossing of the nonhormonal male contraceptive adjudin at the BTB when administered by oral gavage, thereby effectively improving its BTB transport to induce germ cell adhesion and aspermatogenesis. Indeed, it was shown that combined overexpression of F5-peptide and p-rpS6-MT and a low dose of adjudin, which by itself had no noticeable effects on spermatogenesis, was capable of perturbing the organization of actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons through changes in the spatial expression of actin- and MT-binding/regulatory proteins to the corresponding cytoskeleton. These findings thus illustrate the possibility of delivering drugs to any target organ behind a blood–tissue barrier by modifying the tight junction permeability barrier using endogenously produced barrier modifiers based on findings from this adjudin animal model.
Association Between Statin Use and Sex Hormone in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort
Authors: Oluleye Oludamilola W , Kronmal Richard A , Folsom Aaron R , Vaidya Dhananjay M , Ouyang Pamela , Duprez Daniel A , Dobs Adrian S , Yarmohammadi Hirad , Konety Suma H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Based on the 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines, the number of individuals eligible for statin therapy to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk has greatly expanded. Statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, which can impair gonadal steroidogenesis. We evaluated the effect of statins on endogenous sex hormones in a large epidemiological study.

Methods
A total of 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants underwent the baseline examination. Of these, 6171 had measurements of serum sex hormones available: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), SHBG, estradiol, and total and bioavailable testosterone. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationship of statin use with each sex hormone.

Results
A total of 345 women (17.4%) and 464 men (14.7%) were statin users (mean age, 67 years; 41% white, 29% black, 11% Chinese, and 19% Hispanic). Among the users vs nonusers of statins, the mean SHBG was 3.54 nmol/L (P < 0.01) lower in women and 3.37 nmol/L (P < 0.001) lower in men; the mean DHEA was 1.06 nmol/L (P < 0.05) lower in women and 0.70 nmol/L (P < 0.01) lower in men, after adjustment for potential confounders. With further propensity score adjustment, the mean DHEA and SHBG levels were 0.67 nmol/L (P < 0.05) and 3.49 nmol/L (P < 0.001) lower, respectively, for statin users vs nonusers. No statistically significant association was noted between estradiol, total testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone and statin use.

Conclusion
Statin users have lower levels of SHBG and DHEA. This is especially relevant owing to the increasing use of statin therapy.
Highly Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bowen James D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Newly introduced disease-modifying therapies offer greater efficacy than previous therapies but also have serious side effects. This article reviews factors useful in identifying those at risk of developing aggressive relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and therapies available for treatment.

RECENT FINDINGS
Several factors predict aggressive MS, including demographic factors, relapses, symptom characteristics, MRI activity, and other biomarkers. These can be used to select patients for more aggressive therapies, including natalizumab, alemtuzumab, fingolimod, and ocrelizumab. Additional off-label treatments are available for patients with severe disease. The benefits and side effects of these treatments must be considered when making therapeutic decisions.

SUMMARY
Selecting patients who are most appropriate for aggressive therapy involves considering risk factors for poor outcomes, early recognition of treatment failure, balancing treatment efficacy and side effects, and sharing the decision with patients to assist them in making optimal treatment choices. Vigilance for signs of treatment failure and early switching to more aggressive therapy are important components in optimal care.
Improved Rheological Properties of Organophilic-Clay Suspensions by a Simple Pretreatment with a Wet Type Jet Mill
Authors: Minase Makoto , Hayakawa Takayuki , Oya Mitsuru , Fujita Ken-ichi , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bentonite was purified using a dispersion-sedimentation method for the preparation of organically modified clays toward the possible optimization of their material performance as rheology controlling reagents. It was possible to classify bentonite into fractions of purified montmorillonite from aqueous suspension. Organic modification with dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride was done by a conventional ion exchange procedure applied for aqueous suspension of the purified bentonite, which was prepared by alteration of raw bentonite by the addition of sodium carbonate and subsequent jet milling. Organic modification of the raw bentonite without the pretreatment using jet milling was also done for comparison. This careful pretreatment followed by the ion exchange with dimethyldioctadecylammonium ion resulted in organophilic clay with improved viscosity and transparency of the suspension in toluene compared with those observed for dimethyldioctadecylammonium-bentonite prepared without the present jet-milling process. Moreover, the modified organophilic clay showed unique temperature dependent variation of viscosity, which is very important for practical application. The present jet-milling process is useful for other applications of organophilic clays and to the pretreatment of different materials.
Two-Dimensional Film Growth of Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin with the Aid of Solvent Coordination
Authors: Tomita Kazutaka , Shioya Nobutaka , Shimoaka Takafumi , Eda Kazuo , Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since the performance of an organic film device largely depends on the molecular arrangement in the film, control of the arrangement is crucial. Low molecular-weight organic semiconductor compounds, however, tend to have the edge-on orientation spontaneously due to crystallization on an inert surface. In fact, orientation control of a high-crystallinity compound is often difficult especially on an inert surface. In the present study, a face-on crystalline thin film of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) has readily been obtained on an inert surface by using solvent annealing (SA) with an appropriate solvent, formamide (FA). The prepared film is carefully analyzed by using the infrared (IR) p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) techniques. The measurements show that an FA molecule coordinated on a zinc atom blocks the stacking interaction sites of the porphyrin ring, and instead the side to side interaction between the C–H group of the porphyrin rings and π orbital of the phenyl rings forms a two-dimensional sheet-like structure realizing face-on orientation.
Surface-Based Nanoplasmonic Sensors for Biointerfacial Science Applications
Authors: Jackman Joshua A , Ferhan Abdul Rahim , Cho Nam-Joon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The design and application of surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors has spurred broad interest from the chemical science community, touching upon diverse topics such as plasmonics, nanoscience, surface chemistry, measurement analysis, and interfacial science. One of the most exciting areas involves taking advantage of the simple instrumental requirements and high surface sensitivity of these sensing devices to study biomacromolecules and biological nanoparticles. In this Account, we present a narrative summary describing our recent work to explore surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors for biointerfacial science applications and outlining our perspective on possible future directions. After introducing the basic design concepts and measurement principles behind surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors, we focus on critically discussing recent application examples from our laboratory, where the high surface sensitivity of surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors proved useful for studying lipid vesicles, supported lipid bilayers, virus-like particles, proteins, and peptides. The potential of integrating surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors with other surface-sensitive measurement techniques is also discussed. Looking forward, there is excellent potential to continue using surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors for biointerfacial science applications and numerous innovation opportunities exist from fundamental and applied perspectives.
The Project «Healthy Kindergarten» as a Social and Pedagogical Innovation
Authors: Семенова Татьяна , Semenova Tatiana 
Published: June 2019

The author reveals the content of the project «Healthy kindergarten – 2035» and analyzes the results of the research conducted in the framework of this project by teachers of the Department of Theory and methodology of preschool education of Moscow state pedagogical University (MSU). The purpose of the study: to identify the opinion of teachers of preschool educational organizations in Moscow and the Moscow region on the possibility of implementing the project «Healthy kindergarten – 2035»?
Research problem:
1) identification of ideas of teachers of preschool organizations on the relationship of modern education with social values;
2) assessment of opportunities for the introduction of innovative technologies while maintaining traditional approaches to the implementation of the educational process in kindergarten, the definition of barriers;
3) designing the image of a «Healthy kindergarten» of the future.
Generic implant classification enables comparison across implant designs: the Dutch Arthroplasty Register implant library
Authors: Denissen Geke A. W. , van Steenbergen Liza N. , Lollinga Wouter T. , Verdonschot Nico J. J. , Schreurs Berend W. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. 
Published: June 2019

In the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI), the product and batch number of prosthetic components and cement are registered for traceability. Registration of the product number provides opportunities to extend the information about a specific prosthesis. All product numbers used from the beginning of the registration in 2007 were characterized to develop and maintain an implant library. The Scientific Advisory Board developed a core-set that contains the most important characteristics needed to form an implant library. The final core-set contains the brand name, type, coating and material of the prosthesis. In total, 35 676 product numbers were classified, resulting in a complete implant library of all product numbers used in the LROI. To improve quality of the data and increase convenience of registration, the LROI implemented barcode scanning for data entry into the database. In 2017, 82% of prosthetic components and cement stickers had a GS1 barcode. The remaining product stickers used HIBCC barcodes and custom-made barcodes. With this implant library, implants can be grouped for analyses at group level, e.g. evaluation of the effect of a material of a prosthesis on survival of the implant. Apart from that, the implant library can be used for data quality control within the LROI database. The implant library reduces the registration burden and increases accuracy of the database. Such a system will facilitate new designs (learning from the past) and thus improve implant quality and ultimately patient safety. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180063
Orthopaedic registries: the German experience
Authors: Jansson Volkmar , Grimberg Alexander , Melsheimer Oliver , Perka Carsten , Steinbrück Arnd 
Published: June 2019

National joint registries are gaining more and more importance in the fields of implant monitoring/outlier detection and quality of care. The German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD) was established in 2010 for the purpose of observing the impact of primary hip and knee arthroplasty on the German population. Having now over one million documentations, we introduce the structure of the EPRD and detail the process of data collection. We report on some preliminary trends and contrast these with findings from other joint registries. We introduce the overhauled Arthroplasty Library, that resulted from an international collaboration with National Joint Registry of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180064
MoM total hip replacements in Europe: a NORE report
Authors: Pijls Bart G. , Meessen Jennifer M. T. A. , Tucker Keith , Stea Susanna , Steenbergen Liza , Marie Fenstad Anne , Mäkelä Keijo , Cristian Stoica Ioan , Goncharov Maxim , Overgaard Søren , de la Torre Jorge Arias , Lübbeke Anne , Rolfson Ola , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. 
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacement (THR) in European registries, to assess the incidence of revision surgery and to describe the national follow-up guidelines for patients with MoM THR including resurfacings. Eleven registries of the Network of Orthopaedic Registries of Europe (NORE) participated totalling 54 434 resurfacings and 58 498 large stemmed MoM THRs. The resurfacings and stemmed large head MoM had higher pooled revision rates at five years than the standard total hip arthroplasties (THA): 6.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3 to 6.8 for resurfacings; 6.9%, 95% CI 4.4 to 9.4 for stemmed large head MoM; and 3.0%, 95% CI 2.5 to 3.6 for conventional THA. The resurfacings and stemmed large head MoM had higher pooled revision rates at ten years than the standard THAs: 12.1%, 95% CI 11.0 to 13.3 for resurfacings; 15.5%, 95% CI 9.0 to 22 for stemmed large head MoM; and 5.1%, 95% CI 3.8 to 6.4 for conventional THA. Although every national registry reports slightly different protocols for follow-up, these mostly consist of annual assessments of cobalt and chromium levels in blood and MRI (MARS) imaging. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180078
Meniscal allograft transplants and new scaffolding techniques
Authors: Pereira Hélder , Fatih Cengiz Ibrahim , Gomes Sérgio , Espregueira-Mendes João , Ripoll Pedro L. , Monllau Joan C. , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira J. Miguel 
Published: June 2019

Clinical management of meniscal injuries has changed radically in recent years. We have moved from the model of systematic tissue removal (meniscectomy) to understanding the need to preserve the tissue. Based on the increased knowledge of the basic science of meniscal functions and their role in joint homeostasis, meniscus preservation and/or repair, whenever indicated and possible, are currently the guidelines for management. However, when repair is no longer possible or when facing the fact of the previous partial, subtotal or total loss of the meniscus, meniscus replacement has proved its clinical value. Nevertheless, meniscectomy remains amongst the most frequent orthopaedic procedures. Meniscus replacement is currently possible by means of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) which provides replacement of the whole meniscus with or without bone plugs/slots. Partial replacement has been achieved by means of meniscal scaffolds (mainly collagen or polyurethane-based). Despite the favourable clinical outcomes, it is still debatable whether MAT is capable of preventing progression to osteoarthritis. Moreover, current scaffolds have shown some fundamental limitations, such as the fact that the newly formed tissue may be different from the native fibrocartilage of the meniscus. Regenerative tissue engineering strategies have been used in an attempt to provide a new generation of meniscal implants, either for partial or total replacement. The goal is to provide biomaterials (acellular or cell-seeded constructs) which provide the biomechanical properties but also the biological features to replace the loss of native tissue. Moreover, these approaches include possibilities for patient-specific implants of correct size and shape, as well as advanced strategies combining cells, bioactive agents, hydrogels or gene therapy. Herein, the clinical evidence and tips concerning MAT, currently available meniscus scaffolds and future perspectives are discussed.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180103