bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among patients with HIV-associated TB in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Hickman John-Henry , Swartz Alison , Sicwebu Namhla , Stek Cari , Masimini Nobom , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: November 2024

Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important and frequently used patient-reported outcome in health research. However, little qualitative research exists in this field in South Africa. This study was set in Khayelitsha, one of the largest informal settlements in South Africa, where the burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection are amongst the highest in the world and significantly affect HRQOL.

Objective
To explore the experience of HRQOL among patients living with HIV-associated TB.

Methods
We conducted sixteen interviews with male (n = 10) and female (n = 6) adult participants (ages 24–56; median age 35) to explore their HRQOL living with HIV-associated TB, related treatment and how this impacted on life domains they considered relevant for HRQOL. We used thematic analysis to analyse data, using both an inductive and deductive analysis using an interpretive phenomenological approach (IPA).

Results
Experiences of HRQOL were identified along the predominantly emerging themes of physical, social, and mental aspects of HRQOL. Identified sub-themes included well-being, loss of strength, and self-care for the physical domain; usual activities and stigma for the social domain; concerns and coping for the mental domain. The findings illustrate that HRQOL domains are interconnected through social experience. The social experience of HRQOL was identified as the common denominator connecting all domains, around which HRQOL revolved for these participants.

Conclusion
HRQOL is experienced socially. The interpersonal connections patients have with significant others present as key to high HRQOL among patients living with HIV-associated TB. This study adds to the existing literature of HRQOL and examines HRQOL using IPA which may help to inform future interventions to improve HRQOL among HIV/TB patients.
Older adult learners as digital citizens: Their needs and challenges while participating in an online master’s programme
Authors: Mouwers-Singh Constance , Arendse Agnetha 
Published: November 2024

This article explores the learning journeys of older adult learners (OALs) enrolled in an online education master’s programme. Today, many OALs are enrolling in various online programmes. A study by the first author explored the ways in which these OALs identify with being digital citizens, and also investigated their needs and challenges. The capabilities approach was used as the theoretical framework and provided a lens through which the participants’ digital experiences could be explored most appropriately. The objectives of the study were: (a) to identify the needs and challenges of OALs participating in an online master’s programme as regards digital literacy, technical support and learning resources; and (b) to explore their online learning experiences and challenges, including digital literacies and the way OALs consider themselves as digital citizens. The qualitative nature of this study included a narrative enquiry. Using open-ended, semi-structured interviews, the eight participants with an average age of 49 shared detailed perspectives about their online learning experiences, digital literacies, and the way they view themselves as digital citizens. The findings reveal that OALs need specific levels of learning assistance, intergenerational learning, collaborative learning, mentorship and support when using digital technologies.
Symptom clusters and resting cardiovascular autonomic measures in adolescents: From acute concussion to recovery
Authors: Ji Wenjie , Chizuk Haley M. , Leddy John J. , Sisto Sue A. , Haider Mohammad N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSport‐related concussion (SRC) is associated with cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. This study examines resting cardiovascular ANS activity in adolescents with SRC compared to controls early post‐injury and after clinical recovery, analyzing its correlation with symptom severity and recovery outcomes. Cardiovascular ANS function was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Symptoms were assessed via the Post‐Concussion Symptom Scale, and recovery outcomes were categorized by recovery duration. Following acute SRC, no significant differences in HRV, SBPV or BRS were found between SRC and control groups, nor between those with delayed or normal recovery. Post‐recovery, SRC participants had higher low frequency (LF) SBPV than controls and their initial assessment. When concussed participants were symptomatic, LF SBPV correlated directly with overall, cognitive, and fatigue symptom severity, while high frequency (HF) HRV inversely correlated with affective symptoms (Spearman's rho: 0.4–0.6). Resting cardiovascular ANS function remains unchanged in adolescent athletes acutely after SRC, suggesting it has limited diagnostic and prognostic potential. Although some correlations between individual symptom domains and ANS activity were observed, they were not significantly different from asymptomatic controls, limiting the ability to interpret these findings.
Online makespan minimization for MapReduce scheduling on multiple parallel machines
Authors: Zheng Quanchang , Zhao Yueyang , Wang Jiahe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the online MapReduce processing problem on

m

m

uniform parallel machines, aiming at minimizing the makespan. Each job consists of two sets of tasks, namely, the map tasks and the reduce tasks. A job’s map tasks can be arbitrarily split and processed on different machines simultaneously, while its reduce tasks can only be processed after all its map tasks have been completed. We assume that the reduce tasks are preemptive, but cannot be processed on different machines in parallel. We provide a new lower bound for this problem and present an online algorithm with a competitive ratio of

2
−

1

m

2-\frac{1}{m}

(

m

m

is the number of machines) when the speeds of the machines are 1.
Green energy using oscillatory baffled reactors: advances in biodiesel production from high free fatty acid karanja oil
Authors: Ganvir Vinod , Belkhode Pramod , Kurve Anjali , Shelare Sagar , Maheshwary Prashant , Sharma Shubham , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Kumar Sandeep , Bisht Yashwant Singh , Abbas Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The global demand for sustainable and ecologically friendly energy sources has spurred biodiesel research. Civilization, urbanization, and population growth have drastically boosted transportation energy consumption. Energy demand is causing fossil fuel crises. Replace petroleum diesel to solve energy and environmental problems. Biofuels have very vast scope in the area of energy sector. Karanja oil, derived from the seeds of the Karanja tree (Pongamia pinnata), is a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its high Free Fatty Acid content. This study uses Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR) to produce biodiesel from Karanja oil. The feedstock is high-FFA Karanja oil trans-esterified in two steps. In OBR, reaction time is only 15 min, whereas in conventional reactor it takes 1–2 h to produce biodiesel. Optimizing biodiesel synthesis involved varying H2SO4 concentrations from 1 vol% to 5 vol% and 0.3 to1.0 wt% of NaOH concentration for first and second step respectively. Oil-to-alcohol molar ratios 1:6, 1:9 and 1:12. Optimization occurs at 1:12 oil-to-alcohol ratio, 1 vol% H2SO4 catalyst, and 0.6 wt% NaOH catalyst. Studies have also examined how catalyst concentration and oil: alcohol molar ratio affect biodiesel conversion and physical qualities such kinetic viscosity, specific gravity, and acid value. This study shows that OBR can increase biodiesel production from high-FFA Karanja oil, which further opens up opportunities for additional study and improvement.
Die Pferde von Amnisos. Ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte des bronzezeitlichen Kreta?
Authors: Tausend Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im mykenischen Palast von Knossos enthält der so genannte „Raum der Wagentafeln“ unter anderem mehr als 170 blattförmige Tafeln, die Sc-Serie. Jede Tafel zeigt einen Personennamen und eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Ideogrammen: Streitwagen, Rüstung, Pferde. Es lässt sich zeigen, dass die genannten Personen die Gegenstände und Tiere nicht an den Palast liefern sollen, sondern vom Palast mit Rüstung, Wagen und Pferden ausgestattet werden sollen. Es scheint, dass die genannten Personen ihre Ausrüstung oder zumindest Teile davon verloren haben. Betrachtet man die Verluste, so ist die hohe Anzahl der verlorenen Pferde erstaunlich. Eine mögliche Lösung ist, dass die auf den Tafeln verzeichneten Verluste das Ergebnis einer Schlacht sind, die von Streitwagen in der Nähe des Hafens von Amnisos geschlagen wurde.
Zur Frage der Lokalisierung des sasanidischen Vizekönigtums Gēlān im 3. Jhd. n. Chr.
Authors: Mosig-Walburg Karin 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
In der Inschrift Šāpūrs I. in Naqš-i Rustam (ŠKZ) wird ein Gēlān-šāh (König von Gēlān/der Gelen) namens Bahrām genannt, mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit ein Sohn Šāpūrs I. Dem Zeugnis der Quellen folgend, die von der vorsasanidischen bis in die nachsasanidische Zeit den südwestlichen Rand des Kaspischen Meeres als Siedlungsraum der Gelen bezeugen, wie auch die Existenz einer Provinz Gēlān eben dort in spätsasanidischer Zeit, wurde das Vizekönigtum Gēlān von der Forschung seit jeher am Kaspischen Meeres verortet. In jüngerer Zeit plädiert jedoch Rika Gyselen für eine Verortung im Osten des Sasanidenreiches, zum Teil verbunden mit Spekulationen bezüglich einer förderlichen Wirkung der vermeintlichen Herrschaft Bahrāms über Gelen im Osten bei seiner Herrschaftsübernahme im Jahr 273. Die für das 6. und 7. Jahrhundert durch Quellen bezeugte Provinz Gēlān siedelt Gyselen dagegen am Kaspischen Meer an. Auf der Basis der Auswertung relevanter Quellen zu Gelen und Gēlān von der vorsasanidischen bis in nachsasanidische Zeit sowie einer ausführlichen Analyse der von Gyselen in verschiedenen Publikationen sukzessive zugunsten ihrer Hypothese vorgebrachten Argumente wird gezeigt, daß ihre Verortung des Vizekönigtums Bahrāms im Osten des Sasanidenreiches und damit jegliche daran anschließende Spekulationen der Grundlage entbehren. Abschließend wird die Frage der Identität der Gelen angesprochen, die in den 280er Jahren den Aufstand des Hormizd/Ormies gegen Bahrām II. unterstützten. Es wird die Ansicht vertreten, daß es sich höchstwahrscheinlich um Söldner aus Gēlān am Kaspischen Meer gehandelt hat.
Comparative analysis of 3D-printed and freeze-dried biodegradable gelatin methacrylate/ poly‐ε‐caprolactone- polyethylene glycol-poly‐ε‐caprolactone (GelMA/PCL-PEG-PCL) hydrogels for bone applications
Authors: Khoeini Roghayeh , Roshangar Leila , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Soltani Saeideh , Soltani Somaieh , Danafar Hossein , Hosseinpour Rasoul , Davaran Soodabeh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) is a photo-cross-linkable biopolymer. A combination of GelMA with biodegradable polyesters such as PCL (poly‐ε‐caprolactone) and their triblock derivatives improve the mechanical properties of GelMA. PCL-PEG-PCL (PCEC) was synthesized using ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The GelMA- PCEC was fabricated using freeze-drying and 3D printing and their porosity, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior were investigated. Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured on the scaffolds for a period of 14 days and cell adhesion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin red S. Results showed that the 3D-printed scaffold had higher water absorption rate, retaining its structure up to a strain of 0.2 %, and a higher Young’s modulus compared to the freeze-dried scaffold. In terms of cell viability, the 3D-printed scaffold outperformed the freeze-dried scaffold with a percentage of 86 % and 63 % viability respectively. Moreover, the 3D-printed scaffold exhibited better osteodifferentiation with calcium deposition. Overall, these findings suggest that the 3D-printed scaffold may have advantages over the freeze-dried scaffold in tissue engineering applications that require high water absorption, elasticity, and cell viability. The fabricated scaffolds provided suitable cell proliferation.
Clinical features and search for genetic determinants of postprandial hypoglycaemia
Authors: Ren Qian , Han Xueyao , Gong Siqian , Zhang Simin , Ba Tianhao , Zhao Yilin , Li Yating , Wang Yan’ai , Zhou Xianghai , Li Yufeng , Ji Linong 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo test whether postprandial hypoglycaemia is an extreme and repeatable phenotype of glucose metabolism. We also explored the genetic determinants of this phenotype.Design and methodsWe conducted this study using data from the Pinggu Metabolic Disease Study database (n = 3,345). We selected subjects after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 h glucose < 3 mmol/L) and compared their clinical features with those of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In addition, we selected 75 subjects as a super-healthy control group. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on subjects with postprandial hypoglycaemic and super-healthy controls. We also evaluated several candidate genes believed to be important in pancreatic hypoglycaemia.ResultsWe found 13 participants (0.39%) who had an OGTT (2 h glucose < 3 mmol/L). Ten of these patients were men (76.9%). All 13 participants had insulin >3 μU/mL when postprandial blood glucose levels were <3 mmol/L. WES analysis identified one gene, paternally expressed 3 (PEG3), which had three rare mutations in four patients (30.8%). Minor allele frequencies of rare PEG3 mutations were significantly higher in subjects with postprandial hypoglycaemia than in super-healthy controls. Among the four subjects with PEG3 gene mutations, 71.4% were men, and their body mass index was significantly lower than that of the NGT group.ConclusionsPostprandial hypoglycaemia is an extreme and reproducible phenotype in the general population. PEG3 mutations may represent a potential genetic aetiology for postprandial hypoglycaemia. Further research with larger and more diverse populations and a broader genetic focus is needed to understand the genetic basis of postprandial hypoglycaemia.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ФЕМТОСЕКУНДНОГО ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИМПУЛЬСА ПРИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ В АТМОСФЕРЕ
Authors: В.Е. ПРОКОПЬЕВ , Д.М. ЛУБЕНКО 
Published: November 2024

Приводятся результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению механизмов трансформации спектра фемтосекундного лазерного импульса, возникающего при его распространении в атмосфере и в чистом молекулярном азоте в режиме филаментации. При этом спектральное уширение излучения накачки является результатом совместного действия стоксового вынужденного комбинационного рассеяния на вращательных переходах молекул азота воздуха, когерентного антистоксова рассеяния света и параметрического четырехволнового смешения. Уширение происходит в широком диапазоне: от 350 до 1100 нм. Исследование таких процессов в перспективе позволит создавать высокоэффективные источники белого света для атмосферной спектроскопии и дистанционного зондирования.
Experimental results and the analysis of the reasons for the transformation of spectral parameters of a femtosecond laser pulse propagating in atmosphere and in pure molecular nitrogen are presented. The experiment was carried out under aberration focusing conditions. It is shown that the main contribution to the anti-Stokes spectrum broadening is made by cascade parametric four-wave mixing initiated in the filamentation domain by stimulated Raman Stokes scattering on rotational transitions of nitrogen.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОЛЯ ОБЩЕГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ОЗОНА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ, ЕГО ВНУТРЕННИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ И РАССОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ДАННЫХ
Authors: О.Е. БАЖЕНОВ , А.В. ЕЛЬНИКОВ , В.А. ЛОГИНОВ 
Published: November 2024

Исследования поля общего содержания озона (ОСО) - одна из важных проблем атмосферной оптики. В работе на основе данных прибора Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), установленного на борту космической платформы Aura, анализируется пространственно распределение ОСО над территорией России. Результаты наблюдений для отдельных областей (пунктов) представлены в виде временных рядов ОСО, которые охватывают период наблюдений с января 2005 г. по декабрь 2022 г. Выявлены интегральные (без учета сезонных вариаций) широтно-долготные особенности распределения ОСО на исследуемой территории; вычислены коэффициенты корреляции между рядами для разных пунктов; исследована их взаимосвязь в зависимости от расстояния между пунктами; сформирована пространственная автокорреляционная функция и оценены размеры пространственных неоднородностей поля ОСО. Проанализировано пространственное рассогласование данных с помощью параметра, представляющего собой меру стандартного отклонения от среднего рассогласования. Результаты работы дают представление о масштабах пространственной взаимосвязи поля ОСО и могут быть использованы для уточнения оптически активной компоненты атмосферы (ОСО) при разработке прогностических моделей погоды и изменения климата.
The study of the field of total ozone column (TOC) is one of the important problems of atmospheric optics. In this paper, the spatial distribution of TOC over the Russian territory is analyzed based on Aura/OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) data. The observation results for individual areas (points) are presented in the form of TOC time series, which cover the observation period from January 2005 to December 2022. Integral (excluding seasonal variations) latitude-longitude features of TOC distribution over the territory under study are revealed; correlation coefficients between the TOC series for different points are calculated; their relationship is studied depending on the distance between the points; the spatial autocorrelation function is derived and the sizes of spatial inhomogeneities of the TOC field are estimated. The spatial mismatch of the data is analyzed using a parameter which is a measure of the standard deviation from the average mismatch. The results of the work provide an idea of the scale of the spatial correlations in the TOC field and can be used for clarifying the optically active component of the atmosphere when developing weather and climate change prognostic models.
СИСТЕМА ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ АКТИВНЫХ СРЕД НА ПАРАХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ДЛЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НЕТИПИЧНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Н.В. КАРАСЕВ , В.О. ТРОИЦКИЙ , В.А. ДИМАКИ , М.В. ТРИГУБ 
Published: November 2024

Проблема расширения функциональных возможностей лазеров в целом, и на парах металлов в частности, остается актуальной. Ее решение связано как с исследованием кинетики процессов в лазерных средах, так и с разработкой новых систем возбуждения. Представлены результаты создания и применения системы возбуждения активных сред на парах металлов, которая состоит из трех источников накачки, системы синхронизации и программного обеспечения. Высоковольтные импульсы формируются тремя независимыми инверторами, коммутация осуществляется с помощью тиратронов. Рассмотрены основные возможности системы и перспективы ее использования для реализации нетипичных режимов генерации. Экспериментально удалось установить, что в смеси CuBr + Ne + HBr генерация сохраняется при временах релаксации порядка 5000 мкс.
Expansion of the functional capabilities of lasers in general and metal vapor lasers in particular is a relevant problem. Its solution is associated with both the study of the kinetics of processes in laser media and the development of new excitation systems. In this work, a system for exciting metal vapor active medium is suggested. It consists of three pumping sources, a synchronization system, and software. High voltage pulses are generated by three independent inverters; thyratrons are used as switches. The main capabilities of the system and the prospects for its use for implementing non-typical lasing modes are considered.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНИЦИИРОВАНИЯ И РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ДЕТОНАЦИИ В ЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКОМ ЗАРЯДЕ ИЗ ТАТБ
Authors: Н.А. ВОЛОДИНА , А.В. ЕРАСТОВ , П.В. ЗАБУСОВ , М.Н. КИРЮХИНА , К.Н. ПАНОВ , В.Б. ТИТОВА , М.О. ШИРШОВА 
Published: November 2024

Рентгенографическим методом исследован процесс распространения детонации в полукольцевых зарядах из пластифицированного ТАТБ со стальной оболочкой внутри при инициировании нормальной детонации по линии на наружной поверхности заряда. В экспериментах определена форма фронта детонационной волны рентгенографическим методом в разные моменты времени. В опытах зафиксировано влияние на форму детонационного фронта слоя из пластического взрывчатого вещества на основе гексогена, расположенного на поверхности основного заряда и имеющего скорость детонации на 10 % выше, чем у ТАТБ. Экспериментальное положение и форма фронта детонационной волны в заряде ТАТБ цилиндрической формы не описываются законами геометрической оптики (принцип Гюйгенса) из-за особенностей инициирования детонации на начальном участке и наличия стальной оболочки. Проведено численное моделирование экспериментов по методике ЛЭГАК с использованием макроскопической кинетики детонации. Получена схожая с экспериментом картина инициирования и распространения детонации в заряде ТАТБ. Проведен расчетно-теоретический анализ особенностей распространения детонационной волны.
The process of detonation propagation in semi-annular charges made of plasticized TATB with a steel shell inside during initiation of normal detonation along a line on the outer surface of the charge was studied using the X-ray method. In the experiments, the shape of the detonation wave front was determined using the X-ray method at different moments in time. The experiments recorded the effect of a layer of plastic explosive based on hexogen located on the surface of the main charge and having a detonation velocity 10% higher than that of TATB on the shape of the detonation front. The experimental position and shape of the detonation wave front in a cylindrical TATB charge are not described by the laws of geometric optics (Huygens principle) due to the peculiarities of detonation initiation in the initial section and the presence of a steel shell. Numerical modeling of the experiments was carried out using the LEGAK technique using macroscopic detonation kinetics. A similar to the experimental picture of the initiation and propagation of detonation in the TATB charge was obtained. A theoretical analysis of the features of the propagation of the detonation wave was carried out.