bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer technologies for model‐based collaborative learning: A research‐based approach with initial findings
Authors: Liu Hong , Spector J. Michael , Ikle Matthew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComputer‐based technologies are changing at an accelerating pace and becoming increasingly complex. Smart and context‐aware devices and Internet access enable children and adult learners to gain factual and procedure knowledge about many things anywhere at any time. These computer‐based technologies, if well‐utilized in support of learning, can promote personalized and collaborative education, which research suggests are valuable pedagogies. However, new technologies create a burden on designers and educators to use them effectively in support of learning and instruction. Emphasis on 21st century skills suggests that education should emphasize the development of critical thinking and complex problem‐solving skills. Meanwhile, many educators encounter students who lack motivation and are ill‐prepared in reading and mathematics. In addition, engineering educators face another challenge—namely, the need to frequently update curricula so that students can attain marketable skills and adapt to rapidly changing technologies in the workplace. As it happens, proper use of educational technologies can provide solutions to these challenges. This paper reports one such approach to integrate new technologies in two hybrid synchronous courses using technology‐enabled scaffolds in support of deep learning and enhanced problem‐solving competence in engineering education at small colleges in the United States. The emphasis here is on the developmental approach rather than research analysis.
Educational software tool based on the analytical methodology for design and technological analysis of multi‐step drawing processes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alabanda Oscar , Guerrero‐Vaca Guillermo , Romero Pablo E. , Sevilla Lorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, new analytical method‐based computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) software tool developed for educational purposes is introduced. The software has been conceived for the designing, analysis, and optimization of the multi‐step wiredrawing industrial process. The software was used during four sessions and the student's feedback has been measured by a usability/suitability survey. This paper presents the complete study of the previous situation in the Area of Manufacturing Processes in the Superior Polytechnic School (University of Cordoba, Spain). The positive results from the students encouraged us for the integration of new practical activities supported in the use of this type of software tools, to reinforce the professional skills of students, and show that the new CAM software presents a great potential for competency‐based learning objectives.
24π Core‐Modified Nonfused Pentaphyrin with Möbius Aromaticity
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Dash Syamasrit , Srinivasan A. , Sahu Mahaprasad S. R. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Chandrashekar Tavarekere K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSyntheses of core‐modified 24π pentaphyrin 7 and 20π homoporphyrin 8 are reported. The freebase form of 7 exhibits optical and 1H NMR spectroscopic behavior corresponding to a 4nπ nonaromatic topology at 298 K. However, upon lowering the temperature to 188 K, 7 exhibits weak aromaticity because of a small conformational change. Protonation of the imine pyrrolic nitrogen atoms results in sharpening of the absorption band with more than 100 nm red shift and two‐fold increase in ϵ values. The 1H NMR spectra show large shielding and deshielding of specific protons accompanied by twisting of pyrrole and thiophene rings from the mean plane of the macrocycle. These observations suggest a major structural change upon protonation. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of protonated 7 a reveals a severe twisting of the macrocycle, especially at the ethene bridge, and the two thiophene rings adjacent to the ethene bridge are pointed above and below the plane of the ethene bridge (49.07° and 49.08°). The nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values calculated at the center of the macrocycle for the freebase and protonated derivatives of 7 a and 7 b are −5.6, −8.3 ppm and −5.3, −8.4 ppm, respectively. The anisotropy‐induced current density (AICD) plots suggest a clockwise circulation of π electrons. Taken together, the changes occurring in the optical spectra, 1H NMR spectra, single‐crystal X‐ray structure and NICS calculation reflect a Möbius aromatic topology for protonated 7. However, the homoporphyrin 8 remains nonaromatic both in the freebase and protonated form.
KnowVolution Campaign of an Aryl Sulfotransferase Increases Activity toward Cellobiose
Authors: Islam Shohana , Laaf Dominic , Infanzón Belén , Pelantová Helena , Davari Mehdi D. , Jakob Felix , Křen Vladimír , Elling Lothar , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSulfated polysaccharides such as cellulose can mimic the functionalities of pathophysiologically important glycosaminoglycans. Enzymatic sulfation offers a green chemistry route to selective (mono)sulfation of oligosaccharides (e.g., cellobiose as a building block of cellulose) in aqueous solution, at ambient temperature, and high chemoselectivity. Here, we report the first KnowVolution campaign for the aryl sulfotransferase B (ASTB) from Desulfitobacterium hafniense to advance ASTB toward a synthetically attractive biocatalyst. The generated final recombination variant (ASTB‐M5) carries two amino acid substitutions (Leu446Pro and Val579Lys) leading to an up to 7.6‐fold increase in specific activity (6.15 U mg−1) that was obtained with one round of KnowVolution. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed a monosulfated product of cellobiose and structure elucidation by NMR confirmed the sulfation at the positions C‐3 or C‐4 of GlcNAc‐linker‐tBoc as opposed to the preferred C‐6 by chemical means. Computational analysis suggested an important role of Leu446Pro in substrate‐binding and recognized Val579Lys as a distal substitution.
Do clinical experience, formal cognitive behavioural therapy training, adherence, and competence predict outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in youth?
Authors: Fauskanger Bjaastad Jon , Henningsen Wergeland Gro Janne , Mowatt Haugland Bente Storm , Gjestad Rolf , Havik Odd E. , Heiervang Einar R. , Öst Lars‐Göran 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to investigate whether clinical experience, formal cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training, adherence, and competence predict outcome in CBT for anxiety disorders in youth.MethodVideotapes (N = 181) from the sessions in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial (Wergeland et al., 2014, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 57, 1–12) comprising youth (N = 182, M age = 11.5 years) with mixed anxiety disorders were assessed for treatment adherence and competence using the Competence and Adherence Scale for CBT for anxiety disorders in youth (Bjaastad et al., 2016, Psychological Assessment, 28, 908–916). Therapists' (N = 17) clinical experience and educational background were assessed. Participants completed a diagnostic interview (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, child and parent versions) and an anxiety symptom measure (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, child and parent versions) at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsHigher therapist adherence was related to better treatment outcomes, whereas number of years of clinical experience and competence was related to worse outcomes. However, these findings were not consistent across informants and the time points for the assessments. Interaction effects suggested that competence among therapists with formal CBT training was related to better patient outcomes.ConclusionsTherapist adherence, competence, and clinical experience are associated with outcomes of manualized CBT for youth anxiety disorders, but mixed findings indicate the need for more research in this area.
Jitter definition, measurement, generation, analysis, and decomposition
Authors: Bidaj Klodjan , Begueret Jean‐Baptiste , Deroo Jerome 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn high‐speed serial links, the data rates reach the multigigabits per second, and continue to increase. Jitter is 1 of the most important parameters used to characterize high‐speed serial link performances. Generating white and colored noise synthetic jitter patterns would allow to better analyze the effect of jitter in a system for design verification. The standard organizations give separated budgets for random and deterministic jitter. Being able to model the phase noise of the different components of SerDes, generating corresponding time jitter, and decomposing it into deterministic and random jitter would help designers to better specify future SerDes systems. In our knowledge, there has been proposed no other study until today presenting a complete tutorial about jitter, its definition, its relation with phase noise, how to generate different white or colored noise patterns, and how to decompose random from deterministic jitter. This paper presents for the first time a complete study about jitter, by giving its definition, its relation with phase noise, and information on how to measure the jitter in the frequency and time domain. Furthermore, a new method for generating Gaussian distribution synthetic jitter patterns from colored noise profiles is presented. A novel technique of jitter decomposition into random and deterministic jitter is given. This technique is validated with generated and measured jitter patterns.
Development of the Cyclic Reciprocal Derivative Chronopotentiometry with Alternating Current of Different Frequencies
Authors: Lut Helen , Galagan Rostislav , Petrova Tatyana , Karaush Nataliya , Minaev Boris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report on the development of the cyclic reciprocal derivative chronopotentiometry (CRDC) method using the sinusoidal alternating current of different frequencies. The development consists of the transformation of the initial dependence E=f(t) to the form dq/dE=f(E) through the intermediate function dE/dt=f(E). The modificated CRDC method allows to observe the structurization of the peaks in the plot of catechol, alizarin and hematoxylin oxidation processes. The degree of structuring strongly depends on the selected frequency. This define the intermediate stage of the radical formation that is not observed in the traditional cyclic voltammetry.
Design and experimental analysis of a vapor compression heat pump combined with double‐stage forced‐circulation evaporators
Authors: Lin Jingxiang , Qin Guoliang , Jia Cheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThermal distillation systems are widely used in the evaporation concentration industry, and the steam is the heating medium of these systems. However, due to the low density of the steam, the volume of equipment and piping is large. Especially in the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) systems, high impeller exit line speed often occurs in steam compressors, which will cause compressor blades failure easily. In order to solve this problem, an experimental system called a vapor compression heat pump combined with double‐stage forced‐circulation evaporators (VCHP‐FCE) was developed. The system incorporates the refrigerant, R‐22, which offers an energy recycling benefit. R22 is used as the heat resource and has a higher energy‐carrying ability per unit volume than steam. The advantages relative to traditional thermal distillation system include a smaller device size, compact structure and no need for steam resource. Experimental facilities were established to analyze the thermal parameters and performance of the proposed system. The preheating temperature, which was correlated with the refrigerant's evaporation temperature, was the decisive factor affecting the system. A positive correlation was identified between the system's water production rate and the preheating temperature. Based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, we analyzed the energy balance and the exergy loss of the system. The proportion of energy loss in each unit and the complete system exergy efficiency as a function of the environmental temperature were determined, which together indicated directions for system improvement.
Subglacial drumlins and englacial fractures at the surge‐type glacier, Múlajökull, Iceland
Authors: Finlayson Andrew , Phillips Emrys , Benediktsson Ívar Örn , Zoet Lucas K. , Iverson Neal R. , Everest Jez 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interaction between drumlins and overriding glacier ice is not well studied, largely due to the difficulty of identifying and accessing suitable active subglacial environments. The surge‐type glacier Múlajökull, in central Iceland, overlies a known field of actively forming drumlins and therefore provides a rare opportunity to investigate the englacial structures that have developed in association with ice flow over the subglacial drumlins. In this study detailed ground‐penetrating radar surveys are combined with field observations to identify clear sets of up‐glacier and down‐glacier dipping fractures at Múlajökull's margin. These are interpreted as conjugate shear planes or P‐ and R‐type Reidel shears that developed and filled with saturated sediment derived from the glacier bed, during a previous surge. The fracture sets exhibit focused spatial distributions that are influenced by the subglacial topography. In particular, down‐glacier dipping fractures are strongly focused over drumlin stoss slopes. These fractures, although well developed at depth, were mostly unable to transmit basal water and sediment up to the glacier surface during the surge cycle. In contrast, up‐glacier dipping fractures formed over drumlin lee sides and in more gently sloping swales, and more frequently connected to the glacier surface, providing a pathway for the evacuation of basal water and water‐saturated sediment. The study suggests that the subglacial drumlins under Múlajökull's margin have influenced the nature and distribution of englacial fractures, which could potentially contribute to spatial variations in basal water pressure during a surge. BGS © UKRI 2018
Particle transport mechanics and induced seismic noise in steep flume experiments with accelerometer‐embedded tracers
Authors: Gimbert Florent , Fuller Brian M. , Lamb Michael P. , Tsai Victor C. , Johnson Joel P. L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent advances in fluvial seismology have provided solid observational and theoretical evidence that near‐river seismic ground motion may be used to monitor and quantify coarse sediment transport. However, inversions of sediment transport rates from seismic observations have not been fully tested against independent measurements, and thus have unknown but potentially large uncertainties. In the present study, we provide the first robust test of existing theory by conducting dedicated sediment transport experiments in a flume laboratory under fully turbulent and rough flow conditions. We monitor grain‐scale physics with the use of ‘smart rocks’ that consist of accelerometers embedded into manufactured rocks, and we quantitatively link bedload mechanics and seismic observations under various prescribed flow and sediment transport conditions. From our grain‐scale observations, we find that bedload grain hop times are widely distributed, with impacts being on average much more frequent than predicted by existing saltation models. Impact velocities are observed to be a linear function of average downstream cobble velocities, and both velocities show a bed‐slope dependency that is not represented in existing saltation models. Incorporating these effects in an improved bedload‐induced seismic noise model allows sediment flux to be inverted from seismic noise within a factor of two uncertainty. This result holds over nearly two orders of magnitude of prescribed sediment fluxes with different sediment sizes and channel‐bed slopes, and particle–particle collisions observed at the highest investigated rates are found to have negligible effect on the generated seismic power. These results support the applicability of the seismic‐inversion framework to mountain rivers, although further experiments remain to be conducted at sediment transport near transport capacity. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burning behavior of cable tray located on a wall with different cable arrangements
Authors: Huang Xianjia , Zhu He , Peng Lan , Zheng Zihui , Zeng Wuyong , Bi Kun , Cheng Chihonn , Chow Wanki 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCable fire risk analysis is important for fire protection design in nuclear power plants, where multiple horizontal cable trays are mostly located on the walls. Fire experiments using three cable trays with different cable arrangements were conducted in a confined room to investigate the burning behavior of a cable tray on a wall. A corner was formed by the side wall and the cable tray. Hot smoke emitted from the burning cable was trapped in the corner and then ignited the cable on the bottom surface of the upper cable tray. It is found that for cables densely packed together, spread of flame on the bottom surface of cable tray was clearly observed and increased the mass loss of cable burning during the growth stage of a cable tray fire. For cables arranged further apart, vertical propagation from the bottom tray to the top tray was fast and dominated the mass loss of cable burning.
Cognition and its association with the factors of the EURO‐D: Suffering and Motivation. Findings from SHARE Wave 6
Authors: Portellano‐Ortiz Cristina , Conde‐Sala Josep Lluís 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were (1) to analyse the relationship between cognition and clinical and sociodemographic variables, (2) to explore the relationship between cognitive tests and factors of EURO‐D depression scale (Suffering and Motivation), and (3) to determine the relevance of cognition with respect to clinical and sociodemographic variables in the scores of the EURO‐D factors.MethodAbout 63 755 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 6 (2015) were included. Instruments are as follows: the SHARE study, the EURO‐D scale, and cognitive tests. Bivariate, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsIn the regression analysis with cognition, the variables associated with poor cognition were higher age (β = .29), lower educational level (β = −.26), economic difficulties (β = .17), and depression (β = .10). The correlation between cognition and EURO‐D factors was weak in Suffering (r = −0.139) and moderate in Motivation (r = −0.382). In the regression analysis with the EURO‐D, loneliness, poor self‐perceived physical health, female gender, and low cognition were associated with higher depression levels. The main differences in the predictor variables of each factor were cognition (Motivation = −0.248, P < .001; Suffering = 0.002, P = .648) and the female sex (Motivation = 0.015, P < .001, Suffering = 0.175, P < .001).ConclusionsIn the EURO‐D depression scale, poor cognition was associated with higher scores in the Motivation factor only, while the female gender presented higher scores in the Suffering factor.
Affective interoceptive inference: Evidence from heart‐beat evoked brain potentials
Authors: Gentsch Antje , Sel Alejandra , Marshall Amanda C. , Schütz‐Bosbach Simone 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe perception of internal bodily signals (interoception) is central to many theories of emotion and embodied cognition. According to recent theoretical views, the sensory processing of visceral signals such as one's own heartbeat is determined by top‐down predictions about the expected interoceptive state of the body (interoceptive inference). In this EEG study we examined neural responses to heartbeats following expected and unexpected emotional stimuli. We used a modified stimulus repetition task in which pairs of facial expressions were presented with repeating or alternating emotional content, and we manipulated the emotional valence and the likelihood of stimulus repetition. We found that affective predictions of external socially relevant information modulated the heartbeat‐evoked potential, a marker of cardiac interoception. Crucially, the HEP changes highly relied on the expected emotional content of the facial expression. Thus, expected negative faces led to a decreased HEP amplitude, whereas such an effect was not observed after an expected neutral face. These results suggest that valence‐specific affective predictions, and their uniquely associated predicted bodily sensory state, can reduce or amplify cardiac interoceptive responses. In addition, the affective repetition effects were dependent on repetition probability, highlighting the influence of top‐down exteroceptive predictions on interoception. Our results are in line with recent models of interoception supporting the idea that predicted bodily states influence sensory processing of salient external information.
Development of age‐sex adjusted capitation payment: The experience of Iranian public health complexes
Authors: Nosratnejad Shirin , Esmaeili Reza , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Mahboub‐Ahari Alireza 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundFlat capitations are not necessarily able to compensate health providers equitably due to the variability of resource consumption among different age and sex groups. The aim of this study is to develop a risk adjusted capitation formula as a base for primary health care payment in Health Complexes of Tabriz, in Iran.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in four stages: (1) determining health service package, (2) calculating unit cost of services, (3) estimating service utilization, and (4) calculating age/sex weighted capitation. We calculated unit cost of services with and without building and equipment expenses. Data collection was carried out through a data extraction checklist. Data management and analysis was carried out via Microsoft Excel 2007.ResultA list of 99 services and their processes were identified and then assigned each to one of 10 categories according to their resource consumption. The lowest and highest unit cost, respectively, belonged to prenatal care and group training by family physicians. The risk adjusted capitation was calculated with and without renting cost of building and equipment, respectively, 347 000 and 332 000 Rials (1 US$ worth 35 000 Iranian Rials).ConclusionThe development of health risk adjusted capitation could improve equity in payment system and the efficiency of delivering primary health care services. Estimated weights proposed with our study can be adapted then applied in contexts with similar characteristics.