bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Efficacy of Fungicides for the Management of Rice Neck Blast (Caused by Pyricularia oryzae) in the North‐Western Region of Haryana, India
Authors: Bochalya Mahaveer Singh , Kumar Ashwani , Gandhi Vishal , Kumar Rakesh , Chauhan Ravinder , Kumar Amit , Jain Ashish , Madaan Sukham , Saini Sumit , Lalita   , Singh Charan , Kumar Parvesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNeck blast is one of the most damaging fungal disease of rice, causing severe yield losses in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India. Due to the lack of resistant cultivars commonly grown in Haryana, the management of the disease has relied predominantly on the foliar application of fungicides. Therefore, this study evaluated the field efficacy of various fungicides against rice neck blast in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India, over the kharif seasons of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Fungicides were applied twice per season, at panicle emergence and 10 days later. Among the seven fungicides tested, isoprothiolane 40% EC, propineb 70% WP and difenoconazole 25% EC significantly reduced neck blast severity by 63.2%, 55.2% and 47.3% in 2020; 60.6%, 51.4% and 47.4% in 2021; and 70.0%, 64.9% and 62.5% in 2022, respectively with corresponding reductions in area under disease progress curve values compared with the untreated control. The highest grain yield was recorded for isoprothiolane 40% EC, followed by propineb 70% WP and difenoconazole 25% EC. The greatest increase in grain yield was observed in kharif 2020, whereas the lowest yield in kharif 2022 was associated with moderate total rainfall (284 mm) and high average relative humidity (94.4%) following the appearance of neck blast. These results suggest that these fungicides are effective in reducing rice neck blast and enhancing grain yield in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India.
Circumpolar and Regional Seascape Drivers of Genomic Variation in a Southern Ocean Octopus
Authors: Lau Sally C. Y. , Wilson Nerida G. , Watts Phillip C. , Silva Catarina N. S. , Cooke Ira R. , Allcock A. Louise , Mark Felix C. , Linse Katrin , Jernfors Toni , Strugnell Jan M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how ecological, environmental and geographic features influence population genetic patterns provides crucial insights into a species' evolutionary history, as well as their vulnerability or resilience under climate change. In the Southern Ocean, population genetic variation is influenced across multiple spatial scales ranging from circum‐Antarctic, which encompasses the entire continent, to regional, with varying levels of geographic separation. However, comprehensive analyses testing the relative importance of different environmental and geographic variables on genomic variation across these scales are generally lacking in the Southern Ocean. Here, we examine genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Southern Ocean octopus Pareledone turqueti across the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic continental shelf, at depths between 102 and 1342 m, throughout most of this species' range. The circumpolar distribution of P. turqueti is biogeographically structured with a clear signature of isolation‐by‐geographical distance, but with long‐distance genetic connectivity also detected between East and West Antarctica. Genomic variation of P. turqueti was also associated with bottom water temperature at a circumpolar scale, driven by a genotype‐temperature association with the warmer sub‐Antarctic Shag Rocks and South Georgia. Within the Scotia Sea, geographic distance, oxygen and fine‐scale isolation‐by‐water depth were apparent drivers of genomic variation at regional scales. Putative positive selection of haemocyanin (oxygen transport protein), calcium ion transport and genes linked to RNA modification, detected within the Scotia Sea, suggest physiological adaptation to the regional sharp temperature gradient (~0–+2°C). Overall, we identified seascape drivers of genomic variation in the Southern Ocean at circumpolar and regional scales in P. turqueti and contextualised the role of environmental adaptations in the Southern Ocean.
ThyD Is a Thylakoid Membrane Protein Influencing Cell Division and Acclimation to High Light in the Multicellular Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120
Authors: Valladares Ana , Herrero Antonia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCyanobacteria developed oxygenic photosynthesis and represent the phylogenetic ancestors of chloroplasts. The model strain Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 grows as filaments of communicating cells and can form heterocysts, cells specialized for N2 fixation. In the Anabaena genome, ORF all2390 is annotated as encoding a SulA homolog, but sequence similarity to SulA of model bacteria is insignificant. We generated strains that lacked or overexpressed all2390, both of which showed instances of increased cell size, and observed that purified All2390 protein interfered with the in vitro polymerization of FtsZ. Heterocyst frequency diminished by all2390 inactivation and increased by all2390 overexpression. Overexpression retarded the dismantlement of Z‐ring structures that determines commitment in the differentiating cells. Thus, All2390 can influence cell division affecting heterocyst differentiation. An All2390‐GFP fusion protein localized to the thylakoid membranes including the honeycomb membranes, which harbor photosynthetic complexes, in the heterocyst polar regions. Notably, all2390 expression strongly increased under high light, conditions under which growth of the null mutant is compromised. Thus, All2390 appears essential for adaptation to high light conditions. We named All2390 ThyD to reflect its thylakoidal localization and its dual role in cell division dynamics and acclimation of thylakoid membranes to increased light intensity.
Prospective Evaluation of Autonomic Function and Intestinal Blood Flow in Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Shows Differences Limited to Patients With Constipation Predominance
Authors: Mazor Yoav , Leach Margaret M. , Jones Michael , Ejova Anastasia , Fisher Charles , Joffe David , Roach Paul , Kellow John , Malcolm Allison 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutonomic dysfunction may contribute to symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), possibly driven by psychological morbidity and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Previous data are conflicting, perhaps due to lack of accounting for differential bowel patterns in IBS (constipation vs. diarrhea) or by diverse methodologies used to measure autonomic function. Our aim was to determine if autonomic response differed between IBS subtypes and healthy controls.MethodsForty female volunteers (20 IBS and 20 healthy) underwent comprehensive autonomic testing, fasting and postprandially, and in response to cold pressor and deep breathing challenges. Pulse transit time (PTT) and ultrasound measurements of intestinal blood flow were used as measures of systemic and local autonomic function, respectively. Outcomes were adjusted for baseline psychological comorbidities and gastric emptying (measured concurrently with scintigraphy).Key ResultsFindings, confined to IBS patients with predominant constipation (IBS‐C), included (1) lower fasting and a trend to larger postprandial increase in superior mesenteric artery end‐diastolic velocity; (2) lower fasting PTT, suggesting higher sympathetic tone, but no difference in postprandial PTT change; and (3) attenuated increase in postprandial aortic peak systolic velocity. Response to systemic autonomic challenges did not differ between IBS and health. Some psychological factors mediated differences between groups in the fasting, but not postprandial, state.Conclusions and InferencesIBS‐C patients display systemic and local autonomic imbalance providing some support for recent therapies aimed at modulating autonomic state specifically in this patient group (e.g., acustimulation).
Sagittal Inclination Angle of the Graft Affects Graft Maturity and Knee Stability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Li Ming , Meng Fangang , Long Dianbo , Wencheng Dorje , Zhong Yanlin , Kang Yan , Wu Peihui , He Aishan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe influence of the graft sagittal inclination angle (SIA) on knee stability, biomechanics, and graft maturity has been elucidated. However, no study has comprehensively described the effects of SIA on the aforementioned postoperative prognostic indicators. So, we aimed to determine whether the sagittal inclination angle (SIA) of a graft is associated with postoperative graft maturity, joint stability, and joint function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsPatients who had undergone ACL reconstruction between April 2019 and February 2022 and those with intact ACL were eligible. Using magnetic resonance imaging, graft maturity was evaluated as the mean signal‐to‐noise quotient (SNQ) measured in three regions. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) was used to evaluate knee stability. Correlation analysis was conducted for the SIA, ATT, and clinical outcome scores. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was used on the SIA and potential risk factors to determine their association with the graft SNQ. The SIA threshold of knee instability was calculated by receiver‐operating characteristic curves.ResultsSixty‐three postoperative patients were enrolled. The SIA was significantly negatively associated with graft SNQ value. A multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that SIA and body mass index were significant influencing factors associated with the graft SNQ. Correlations between the SIA and medial and lateral ATT were statistically significant. A larger SIA resulted in a decreased probability of medial and lateral ATT ≥ 5 mm. The SIA threshold of an increased risk of lateral ATT ≥ 5 mm was < 44.4°. A positive correlation was observed between SIA and subjective symptom subscales in the KOOS.ConclusionsA low SIA is not conducive to graft maturation after ACL reconstruction. A larger graft SIA was correlated with better postoperative knee stability. However, the effect of the SIA on joint function was only significant in terms of symptoms. Therefore, these new findings provide new ideas for preoperative assessment and intraoperative determination of the ideal graft inclination.
Feasibility and Safety of the C1 “Zero Angle” Screw: A Novel “In–Out–In” Technique for Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Chen Zexing , Huang Xinzhao , Zou Xiaobao , Lian Peirong , Liu Guoqiang , Chen Junlin , Zhu Changrong , Ma Xiangyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo minimize the risk of V3 segment of vertebral artery (VA) injury in the atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) patients with C1 pedicle height less than 4.0 mm and provide a strong toggle force in irreducible AAD and revision surgery. We evaluated the feasibility of C1 “Zero Angle” screw (C1ZAS) and safe entry point with “in–out–in” technique as an alternative option for C1 pedicle screw (PS) in cases with AAD.MethodsSixty‐one patients with AAD or atlantoaxial instability (AAI) (45 male and 16 female) who underwent cervical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans in our center between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements were made around the ideal trajectory and entry point of C1ZAS using computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 61 patients. Radiographic measurements included (A) the distance from the recess to the transverse foramen (RTF); (B) the tricortical screw zone (TSZ); (C) the lateral mass height along the C1ZAS trajectory (LMH); (D) the screw length of C1ZAS (ZSL); (E) the screw length of C1 PS (PSL); (F) the distances from the recess to the dura (RD); (G) the distance from the recess to the spinal cord (RSC); (H) the distance from the inner of lateral mass to the spinal cord (ILMSC). During the period of January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023, C1ZAS placement with “in–out–in” technique was used as an alternative option for C1 PS in 8 patients with AAD and unilateral/bilateral narrow C1 pedicles.ResultsThe average RTF, TSZ, LMH, ZSL, RD, RSC, and ILMSC were 7.71, 6.14, 8.32, 33.23, 4.68, 10.02, and 2.91 mm respectively. The entry point of the C1ZAS was defined as the projection point of the inner of the recess to the posterior arch and the trajectory should be angled cephalad by 8.7° and medially by 0°. The 61 patients (122 sides) with AAD or AAI were classified into three groups: the low‐risk (76 sides, 62%), the intermedial‐risk (18 sides, 15%), and the high‐risk (28 sides, 23%) groups. Satisfactory C1ZAS placement and atlantoaxial reduction were achieved in all eight patients with AAD and unilateral/bilateral narrow C1 pedicles. No instance of C1ZAS placement‐related VA injury or dural laceration was observed.ConclusionsWhen the placement of C1 PS is not feasible in patients with AAD and unilateral/bilateral narrow C1 pedicles, C1ZAS placement with “in–out–in” technique can be considered an effective alternative option, providing tricortical or quadricortical purchase for rigid fixation of the atlas.
Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined With Anterolateral Fixation and Cement Augmentation for the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Diseases in the Elderly Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Han Weiqi , He Lei , Wang Fei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Jin Cong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesCage subsidence is a common complication of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), particularly in elderly patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. While bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPS) is effective in reducing subsidence, it is associated with longer operative times, increased blood loss, and greater tissue trauma. In contrast, anterolateral fixation (AF) is less invasive but linked to higher subsidence rates. Ensuring both minimal invasiveness and adequate stability in OLIF‐assisted fixation remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining AF with cement augmentation (AF + CA) in reducing cage subsidence and improving clinical outcomes compared with AF and BPS.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 138 elderly patients with degenerative lumbar diseases treated with OLIF. Patients were divided into three groups: AF + CA (32 patients), AF (32 patients), and BPS (74 patients). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared among the groups, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for cage subsidence after OLIF.ResultsAt 1 year postoperatively, the disc height of the AF + CA group was significantly greater than that of the AF group. The cage subsidence rate in the AF + CA group was 24.3%, significantly lower than that in the AF group (48.8%, p < 0.05) and comparable to the BPS group (30.4%). Survivorship curve analysis showed better outcomes in reducing cage subsidence in the AF + CA group compared with the AF group, with no significant difference between the AF + CA and BPS groups. Compared with the AF + CA and BPS groups, the AF group had significantly higher grades and severity of cage subsidence. Fusion rates at 1 year were 91.9% in the AF + CA group, 90.2% in the AF group, and 95.1% in the BPS group, with no significant differences. The AF + CA group had significantly shorter operative times, less intraoperative blood loss, lower VAS scores at 3 days and 1 year postoperatively, and lower ODI scores at 3 days and 3 months compared with the BPS group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that AF was a significant risk factor for cage subsidence, with an odds ratio of 3.399 compared with AF + CA.ConclusionsAF + CA effectively reduces cage subsidence in OLIF surgeries, offering results comparable to BPS while providing advantages such as shorter surgical time, reduced blood loss, and improved early postoperative outcomes. AF + CA is a viable alternative, especially for elderly patients with comorbidities who may not tolerate the longer operative durations or greater blood loss associated with BPS.
The interaction of ADHD traits and trait anxiety on inhibitory control
Authors: Hare Carolynn , Panda Erin J. , Collins Tyler K. , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Tekok‐Kilic Ayda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety frequently occur together; however, the cognitive outcomes of comorbid anxiety and ADHD are not straightforward. A potential explanation for conflicting results in the literature may be that different core ADHD symptoms show different interactions with anxiety depending on the task‐processing demands. To address this question, we investigated whether different ADHD traits are related to different inhibitory outcomes, contingent upon the level of trait anxiety. The sample consists of 60 non‐clinical university students (age = 20.5, 53% male). Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to measure ADHD traits and anxiety, respectively. The participants completed a visual Go/NoGo task with and without distractor conditions while continuous EEG was recorded. Inhibitory control was operationalized as the frontocentral N2 maximum peak amplitude elicited in response inhibition (NoGo/No Distractor), cognitive inhibition (Go/Distractor), dual inhibition (NoGo/Distractor), and control (Go/No Distractor) conditions. We analyzed the moderating effect of trait anxiety on the prediction of inhibitory control by ADHD scores for each Go/NoGo condition with the varying inhibition demands. Results showed that trait anxiety moderated the effects of total ADHD and hyperactivity‐impulsivity scores, but only in the response inhibition condition (NoGo/No Distractor). These findings suggest that depending on the inhibitory demands of the task, unique cognitive outcomes may occur when different ADHD traits coexist with anxiety.
Numerical Analysis of Enhanced Forced Convection in Perforated Surface Wavy Plate-Fin Cores
Authors: Sathe Shubham J. , Kaushik Mahima , Manglik Raj M. , Jog Milind A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Steady, periodically fully developed forced convection through three-dimensional perforated sinusoidal wavy fin cores with uniform wall temperature is computationally investigated. Constant property airflow (Pr ≈ 0.71) with a Reynolds number range of 50–4000 covering both laminar and turbulent regimes is considered. The computational solutions, validated with in-house experimental data for continuous and perforated wavy fin coupons, highlight the effects of perforation locations (characterized by phase angle β), fin porosity, inter-fin spacing, and corrugation amplitude on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the fins. The local temperature, velocity, and pressure variations, and the corresponding local heat transfer coefficient and friction drag (or the Colburn factor j and Fanning friction factor f) are reported. Fluid flows from the adjacent channels through wavy surface perforations induce secondary flow and interrupt the boundary layer leading to an increase in f and j in both laminar and turbulent regimes. Decrease in corrugation amplitude and inter-fin spacing leads to the suppression of recirculation zones, whereas higher porosity yields increased f and j. Perforated fins nevertheless require less surface area to fulfill a specified heat load condition with a fixed pressure drop as compared to the continuous wavy fins. Furthermore, the perforation location has a noticeable effect on the local heat transfer and flow dynamics and, except for Re &lt; ∼200, wavy fins with perforations at relatively higher phase angle β perform better.
Social-Ecological Correlates of Physical Activity Among Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline in Chinese Community: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Jiali , Liu Juan , Ma Xinlong , Shi Xiaoyang , Wang Yan , Bai Lijing , Wang Ying , Li Wenhua 
Published: December 2024

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an important time window for early prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Regular physical activity (PA) has positive effects on cognitive functions. Little is known about the actual PA levels and social-ecological correlates in people with SCD. This study aimed to describe PA level and examine the individual, interpersonal, and neighborhood environmental correlates of PA among older adults with SCD in the Chinese community. Methods: A total of 246 older adults with SCD who participated in community physical examinations in three community health service centers in Baoding City from May to July 2023 were selected as the investigation subjects through convenience sampling. Questionnaires were conducted on PA, self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, and community environment of older adults. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing PA in older adults with SCD. Results: Only 25.2% of older adults with SCD were physically active enough. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PA was positively correlated with self-reported health status, self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, and community facilities. It was negatively associated with age, income, and overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Factors on three levels were all significantly associated with PA. Interventions that incorporate individual, interpersonal, and social factors may be considered to promote PA in older adults with SCD. However, only a few older adults achieve the goal of 150 min/week of moderate activity.
Structural and mechanism-based engineering of sulfotransferase CHST15 for the efficient synthesis of chondroitin sulfate E
Authors: Wang Zhonghua , Song Wei , Wei Wanqing , Qi Hejia , Meng Weiwei , Liu Jia , Li Xiaomin , Gao Cong , Liu Liming , Hu Guipeng , Zhou Yiwen , Wu Jing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Natural chondroitin sulfate (CS), extracted from animal cartilage, is widely used in the pharmaceuticals and foods. However, contamination with animal-derived heteropolysaccharides presents significant challenges, including potential immune responses. To address this, we developed a green and efficient method for synthesizing chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) via enzymatic synthesis, identifying
Ec
CHST15, a sulfotransferase that catalyzes the conversion of chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) to CSE. We investigated the novel catalytic mechanism of CHST15 through quantum mechanical (QM) calculations and experimental validation, confirming its alignment with the SN2 reaction mechanism. Subsequently, we enhanced the catalytic efficiency of CHST15 using protein engineering, improving the catalytic efficiency from 18.1% in the wild type (WT) to 62.5% in the M7 mutant—a 3.5-fold increase. Finally, we constructed a six-enzyme cascade whole-cell catalyst, achieving a 72.2% conversion of 15 g/L CSA to produce CSE within 24 h. These findings offer a promising strategy for the industrial production of CSE.

IMPORTANCE

Current methods for obtaining chondroitin sulfate (CS) primarily rely on tissue extraction and chemical synthesis. However, these approaches are hindered by contamination risks from animal-derived heteropolysaccharides and the technical challenges inherent in complex chemical synthesis, limiting the scalability of industrial CS production. To address this, we developed a green and efficient enzymatic biosynthesis method for chondroitin sulfate E (CSE). By identifying and engineering the sulfotransferase CHST15 from
Erpetoichthys calabaricus
, we created a mutant (
Ec
CHST15
M7
) with a 3.5-fold increase in catalytic efficiency toward chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) compared to the wild-type enzyme. Additionally, we constructed a six-enzyme cascade whole-cell biocatalyst, achieving a 72.2% conversion rate from CSA to CSE. This study opens new avenues for the industrial-scale production of CSE through sustainable enzymatic processes.