bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Externalization Errors of Olfactory Source Monitoring in Healthy Controls—An fMRI Study
Authors: Leclerc Marcel P , Kellermann Thilo , Freiherr Jessica , Clemens Benjamin , Habel Ute , Regenbogen Christina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Using a combined approach of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and noninvasive brain stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS]), the present study investigated source memory and its link to mental imagery in the olfactory domain, as well as in the auditory domain. Source memory refers to the knowledge of the origin of mental experiences, differentiating events that have occurred and memories of imagined events. Because of a confusion between internally generated and externally perceived information, patients that are prone to hallucinations show decreased source memory accuracy; also, vivid mental imagery can lead to similar results in healthy controls. We tested source memory following cathodal tDCS stimulation using a mental imagery task, which required participants to perceive or imagine a set of the same olfactory and auditory stimuli during fMRI. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in mental imagery across different modalities and potentially linked to source memory. Therefore, we attempted to modulate participants’ SMA activation before entering the scanner using tDCS to influence source memory accuracy in healthy participants. Our results showed the same source memory accuracy between the olfactory and auditory modalities with no effects of stimulation. Finally, we found SMA’s subregions differentially involved in olfactory and auditory imagery, with activation of dorsal SMA correlated with auditory source memory.
Use of Intrauterine Devices and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Among Insured Women in the United States
Authors: Marcus Julia L , Snowden Jonathan M , Murray Horwitz Mara E , Toh Sengwee , Horgan Casie , Tilney Rong Chen , Rajbhandari Rajani , Back Soowoo , Westreich Daniel J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Concerns have been raised about progestin-containing contraceptives and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Based on health insurance data from women in the United States with intrauterine device (IUD) insertions during 2011–2018, there was no increased risk of incident HIV diagnosis for levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs versus copper IUDs.
Impact of manganese on biofilm formation and cell morphology of Candida parapsilosis clinical isolates with different biofilm forming abilities
Authors: Shafeeq Sulman , Pannanusorn Srisuda , Elsharabasy Youssef , Ramírez-Zavala Bernardo , Morschhäuser Joachim , Römling Ute 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The commensal species Candida parapsilosis is an emerging human pathogen that has the ability to form biofilms. In this study, we explored the impact of the divalent cations cobalt (Co2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), manganese (Mn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on biofilm formation of clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis with no, low and high biofilm forming abilities at 30 and 37°C. All strains besides one isolate showed a concentration-dependent enhancement of biofilm formation at 30°C in the presence of Mn2+ with a maximum at 2 mM. The biofilm forming ability of no and low biofilm forming isolates was &gt;2-fold enhanced in the presence of 2 mM Mn2+, while the effect in high biofilm forming isolate was significantly less pronounced. Of note, cells in the biofilms of no and low biofilm forming strains differentiated into yeast and pseudohyphal cells similar in morphology to high biofilm formers. The biofilm transcriptional activator BCR1 has a dual developmental role in the absence and presence of 2 mM Mn2+ as it promoted biofilm formation of no biofilm forming strains, and, surprisingly, suppressed cells of no biofilm forming strains to develop into pseudohyphae and/or hyphae. Thus, environmental conditions can significantly affect the amount of biofilm formation and cell morphology of C. parapsilosis with Mn2+ to overcome developmental blocks to trigger biofilm formation and to partially relieve BCR1 suppressed cell differentiation.
From enhanceropathies to the epigenetic manifold underlying human cognition
Authors: Vitriolo Alessandro , Gabriele Michele , Testa Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA vast portion of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders is genetically caused by mutations in chromatin modulators. These proteins play key roles in development and are also highly expressed in the adult brain. Specifically, the pivotal role of chromatin regulation in transcription has placed enhancers at the core of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) studies, ushering in the coining of the term enhanceropathies. The convergence of these disorders is multilayered, spanning from molecular causes to pathophysiological traits, including extensive overlaps between enhanceropathies and neurocristopathies. The reconstruction of epigenetic circuitries wiring development and underlying cognitive functions has gone hand in hand with the development of tools that increase the sensitivity of identifying regulatory regions and linking enhancers to their target genes. The available models, including loop extrusion and phase separation, have been bringing into relief complementary aspects to interpret gene regulation datasets, reinforcing the idea that enhancers are not all the same and that regulatory regions possess shades of enhancer-ness and promoter-ness. The current limits in enhancer definition, within the emerging broader understanding of chromatin dynamics in time and space, are now on the verge of being transformed by the possibility to interrogate developmentally relevant three-dimensional cellular models at single-cell resolution. Here we discuss the contours of how these technological advances, as well as the epistemic limitations they are set to overcome, may well usher in a change of paradigm for NDDs, moving the quest for convergence from enhancers to the four-dimensional (4D) genome.
Venous pectoralis minor syndrome: a rare subdivision of the thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Elsayed Hany Hasan , Soliman Saleh , Hamed Ahmed Magdy , El-Saqqa Asser , Hussein Ahmed Tarek , BinMelhi Edhah , Nassar Wael A M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We analysed data of all patients who had received surgery for rare, isolated venous pectoralis minor syndrome at our tertiary institution from January 2015 to December 2018. Venous duplex scan was the preferred mode of diagnosis in all our patients. We operated on patients via a 5–6 cm deltopectoral groove incision. Ten procedures were performed on 6 patients, of whom 5 were female. The median age was 23 years (range 17–33 years). Three patients (2 female, 1 male) with bilateral pectoralis minor syndrome had separate procedures performed over a course of a few weeks. The median operating time was 22 min (range 15–95 min). Median blood loss was 20 ml (range 5–410 ml). The median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–5 days). There was one complication in the form of a recurrence on the right side in a patient who had bilateral pectoralis minor syndrome. No other morbidities were recorded. Nine of 10 procedures (90%) were classified by patients as being satisfactory, where symptoms had partially or completely resolved. Our experience emphasizes the need for a systematic search and to maintain a high index of suspicion for venous pectoralis minor syndrome in all patients complaining of painful symptoms related to thoracic outlet syndrome. The deltopectoral groove approach is a simple and straightforward incision with a gentle learning curve.
Genetic Mapping with Background Control for Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) in 8-Parental Pure-Line Populations
Authors: Shi Jinhui , Wang Jiankang , Zhang Luyan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiparental advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations provide abundant genetic variation for use in plant genetics and breeding. In this study, we developed a method for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection in pure-line populations derived from 8-way crosses, based on the principles of inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). We considered 8 parents carrying different alleles with different effects. To estimate the 8 genotypic effects, 1-locus genetic model was first built. Then, an orthogonal linear model of phenotypes against marker variables was established to explain genetic effects of the locus. The linear model was estimated by stepwise regression and finally used for phenotype adjustment and background genetic variation control in QTL mapping. Simulation studies using 3 genetic models demonstrated that the proposed method had higher detection power, lower false discovery rate (FDR), and unbiased estimation of QTL locations compared with other methods. Marginal bias was observed in the estimation of QTL effects. An 8-parental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population previously reported in cowpea and analyzed by interval mapping (IM) was reanalyzed by ICIM and genome-wide association mapping implemented in software FarmCPU. The results indicated that ICIM identified more QTLs explaining more phenotypic variation than did IM; ICIM provided more information on the detected QTL than did FarmCPU; and most QTLs identified by IM and FarmCPU were also detected by ICIM.
The dust in M31
Authors: Whitworth A P , Marsh K A , Cigan P J , Dalcanton J J , Smith M W L , Gomez H L , Lomax O , Griffin M J , Eales S A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We have analysed Herschel observations of M31, using the ppmap procedure. The resolution of ppmap images is sufficient ($\sim 31\, {\rm pc}$ on M31) that we can analyse far-IR dust emission on the scale of giant molecular clouds. By comparing ppmap estimates of the far-IR emission optical depth at $300\, \mu {\rm m}\, (\tau _{{300}})$, and the near-IR extinction optical depth at $1.1\, \mu {\rm m}\, (\tau _{{1.1}})$ obtained from the reddening of Red Giant Branch (RGB) stars, we show that the ratio ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ obs.}}_\tau \equiv \tau _{{1.1}}/\tau _{{300}}$ falls in the range $500\lesssim {\cal R}^{\mathrm{ obs.}}_\tau \lesssim 1500$. Such low values are incompatible with many commonly used theoretical dust models, which predict values of ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ model}}_\kappa \equiv \kappa _{{1.1}}/\kappa _{{300}}$ (where κ is the dust opacity coefficient) in the range $2500\lesssim {\cal R}^{\mathrm{ model}}_\kappa \lesssim 4000$. That is, unless a large fraction, $\gtrsim 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, of the dust emitting at $300\, \mu {\rm m}$ is in such compact sources that they are unlikely to intercept the lines of sight to a distributed population like RGB stars. This is not a new result: variants obtained using different observations and/or different wavelengths have already been reported by other studies. We present two analytic arguments for why it is unlikely that $\gtrsim 60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the emitting dust is in sufficiently compact sources. Therefore it may be necessary to explore the possibility that the discrepancy between observed values of ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ obs.}}_\tau$ and theoretical values of ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ model}}_\kappa$ is due to limitations in existing dust models. ppmap also allows us to derive optical-depth weighted mean values for the emissivity index, β ≡ −dln (κλ)/dln (λ), and the dust temperature, T, denoted ${\bar{\beta }}$ and ${\bar{T}}$. We show that, in M31, ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ obs.}}_\tau$ is anticorrelated with ${\bar{\beta }}$ according to ${\cal R}^{\mathrm{ obs.}}_\tau \simeq 2042(\pm 24)-557(\pm 10){\bar{\beta }}$. If confirmed, this provides a challenging constraint on the nature of interstellar dust in M31.
Simultaneous calibration of spectro-photometric distances and the Gaia DR2 parallax zero-point offset with deep learning
Authors: Leung Henry W , Bovy Jo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Gaia measures the five astrometric parameters for stars in the Milky Way, but only four of them (positions and proper motion, but not distance) are well measured beyond a few kpc from the Sun. Modern spectroscopic surveys such as APOGEE cover a large area of the Milky Way disc and we can use the relation between spectra and luminosity to determine distances to stars beyond Gaia’s parallax reach. Here, we design a deep neural network trained on stars in common between Gaia and APOGEE that determines spectro-photometric distances to APOGEE stars, while including a flexible model to calibrate parallax zero-point biases in Gaia DR2. We determine the zero-point offset to be $-52.3 \pm 2.0\, \mu \mathrm{as}$ when modelling it as a global constant, but also train a multivariate zero-point offset model that depends on G, GBP − GRP colour, and Teff and that can be applied to all ≈58 million stars in Gaia DR2 within APOGEE’s colour–magnitude range and within APOGEE’s sky footprint. Our spectro-photometric distances are more precise than Gaia at distances ${\gtrsim} 2\, \mathrm{kpc}$ from the Sun. We release a catalogue of spectro-photometric distances for the entire APOGEE DR14 data set which covers Galactocentric radii $2\, \mathrm{kpc} \lesssim R \lesssim 19\, \mathrm{kpc}$; ${\approx} 150\, 000$ stars have ${\lt} 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ uncertainty, making this a powerful sample to study the chemo-dynamical structure of the disc. We use this sample to map the mean [Fe/H] and 15 abundance ratios [X/Fe] from the Galactic Centre to the edge of the disc. Among many interesting trends, we find that the bulge and bar region at $R \lesssim 5\, \mathrm{kpc}$ clearly stands out in [Fe/H] and most abundance ratios.
Testing the blast-wave AGN feedback scenario in MCG-03-58-007
Authors: Sirressi M , Cicone C , Severgnini P , Braito V , Dotti M , Della Ceca R , Reeves J N , Matzeu G A , Vignali C , Ballo L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We report the first Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array observations of MCG-03-58-007, a local (z = 0.03236 ± 0.00002, this work) AGN ($L_{\mathrm{ AGN}\mathrm{ }}\sim 10^{45}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$), hosting a powerful X-ray ultrafast (v = 0.1c) outflow (UFO). The CO(1-0) line emission is observed across ∼18 kpc scales with a resolution of $\sim 1\, \rm kpc$. About 78 per cent of the CO(1-0) luminosity traces a galaxy-size rotating disc. However, after subtracting the emission due to such rotating disc, we detect with a S/N = 20 a residual emission in the central ∼4 kpc. Such residuals may trace a low velocity (vLOS = 170 km s−1) outflow. We compare the momentum rate ($\dot{P}$) and kinetic power ($\dot{E}$) of such putative molecular outflow with that of the X-ray UFO and find $\dot{P}_{\mathrm{ mol}}/\dot{P}_{\mathrm{ UFO}}\sim 0.4$ and $\dot{E}_{\mathrm{ mol}}/\dot{E}_{\mathrm{ UFO}}\sim 4\times 10^{-3}$. This result is at odds with the energy-conserving scenario suggested by the large momentum boosts measured in some other molecular outflows. An alternative interpretation of the residual CO emission would be a compact rotating structure, distinct from the main disc, which would be a factor of ∼10–100 more extended and massive than typical circumnuclear discs revealed in Seyferts. In conclusion, in both scenarios, our results rule out the hypothesis of a momentum-boosted molecular outflow in this AGN, despite the presence of a powerful X-ray UFO.
The frequency of Kozai–Lidov disc oscillation driven giant outbursts in Be/X-ray binaries
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Franchini Alessia 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Giant outbursts of Be/X-ray binaries may occur when a Be-star disc undergoes strong eccentricity growth due to the Kozai–Lidov (KL) mechanism. The KL effect acts on a disc that is highly inclined to the binary orbital plane provided that the disc aspect ratio is sufficiently small. The eccentric disc overflows its Roche lobe and material flows from the Be star disc over to the companion neutron star causing X-ray activity. With N-body simulations and steady state decretion disc models we explore system parameters for which a disc in the Be/X-ray binary 4U 0115+634 is KL unstable and the resulting time-scale for the oscillations. We find good agreement between predictions of the model and the observed giant outburst time-scale provided that the disc is not completely destroyed by the outburst. This allows the outer disc to be replenished between outbursts and a sufficiently short KL oscillation time-scale. An initially eccentric disc has a shorter KL oscillation time-scale compared to an initially circular orbit disc. We suggest that the chaotic nature of the outbursts is caused by the sensitivity of the mechanism to the distribution of material within the disc. The outbursts continue provided that the Be star supplies material that is sufficiently misaligned to the binary orbital plane. We generalize our results to Be/X-ray binaries with varying orbital period and find that if the Be star disc is flared, it is more likely to be unstable to KL oscillations in a smaller orbital period binary, in agreement with observations.
Choice of endpoint in kidney outcome trials: considerations from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial
Authors: Perkovic Vlado , Koitka-Weber Audrey , Cooper Mark E , Schernthaner Guntram , Pfarr Egon , Woerle Hans J , von Eynatten Maximilian , Wanner Christoph 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Doubling of serum creatinine [equivalent to 57% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] is an established surrogate for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); however, this endpoint necessitates lengthy follow-up and large sample sizes in clinical trials. We explored whether alternative eGFR decline thresholds provide more feasible surrogate kidney endpoints.

Methods
The study involved post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial. Adults with type 2 diabetes, high cardiovascular risk and eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were assigned empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg (n = 4687) or placebo (n = 2333), on top of standard of care. We assessed composite endpoints incorporating different eGFR decline thresholds (≥30, ≥40, ≥50 or ≥57%) combined with initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) or renal death. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01131676).

Results
Empagliflozin versus placebo significantly lowered the risk of decline in eGFR for each threshold listed above, combined with initiation of RRT or renal death, ranging from a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.91] for endpoints based on 30% eGFR decline to an HR of 0.37 (0.23–0.61) for endpoints based on 57% eGFR decline. Lower thresholds (e.g. 30%) were associated with higher event rates but weaker treatment effects. The time to the 95% CI of the HR falling to &lt;1.0 decreased with increasing eGFR threshold.

Conclusions
The composite of 40% decline in eGFR, ESKD or renal death appears to provide reliable results similar to the traditional 57% decline in eGFR.
BSCI-18. ABLATION OF Csf2 MITIGATES RADIATION-INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE DECLINE INDEPENDENT OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS
Authors: Gokhan Sölen , Aronson Kyle , Altun Yagiz , Chitu Violeta , Brodin N Patrik , Stanley E Richard , Mehler Mark , Tomé Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
PURPOSE: The results of the RTOG 0933 and NRG CC001 clinical trials have shown that physical sparing of the hippocampus during cranial irradiation (CI) is associated with preservation of memory functions at 4- and 6-months following therapy. Whereas the putative roles of protection of neural stem cells (NSCs) residing within the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus are presently poorly defined, suppression of inflammation may be involved because ablation of microglia (MG) through blockade of the CSF-1R or selective targeting of CCR2+ macrophages using an appropriate CCR2 inhibitor leads to the retention of hippocampal-dependent cognitive abilities following CI. Inhibition of Colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2), a proinflammatory cytokine causing the proliferation and activation of microglia, may be a suitable alternative strategy to alleviate inflammation. METHODS: Our studies have evaluated the effects of ablation of Csf2 and also the inducible ablation of MG on the properties of neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and CI-associated cognitive impairments employing the requisite mouse models. RESULTS: We demonstrate that preservation of cognitive functions following CI does not require ablation of MG. In addition, the reduction in neuroinflammation following Csf2ablation was sufficient to prevent CI-induced cognitive decline. Moreover, Csf2 ablation did not prevent the deficit in neurogenesis, thereby suggesting that NSC-mediated SGZ neurogenesis is not required for the prevention of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION: We have previously shown that MG play seminal roles in neural development and adult homeostasis and plasticity. Our present study demonstrates that selective modulation of MG-associated neuroinflammatory signaling without MG ablation is a novel therapeutic strategy to preserve cognitive functions following CI. These experimental observations have seminal implications for patients undergoing radiation therapy for tumors of the brain or head and neck in which the hippocampus inevitably exposed to a high dose of radiation leading to potentially debilitating and possibly avoidable cognitive deficits.
BSCI-20. THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF HLA-G IN BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: Singh Sheila , Bassey-Archibong Blessing , Aghaei Nikoo , Kieliszek Agata , Venugopal Chitra , Chokshi Chirayu , Savage Neil 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumor in adults, with an incidence ten times greater than that of primary brain tumors. The most common sources of BM in adult cancer patients include cancers of the lung, breast and melanoma, which together account for almost 80% of all BM. Current clinical modalities for BM include surgery, whole brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery but these therapies still offer limited efficacy and reduced survival of only months in treated patients, emphasizing the need for novel BM research approaches and better therapeutic strategies. Our laboratory recently discovered that stem-like cells exist in patient-derived BM from lung, breast and melanoma cancers, which we termed “brain metastasis-initiating cells” or BMICs. Through clinically relevant human-mouse xenograft models established with these patient-derived BMICs, we captured lung, breast and melanoma BMICs at pre-metastasis – a key stage where circulating metastatic cells extravasate and initially seed the brain, prior to organization into micro-metastatic foci. Transcriptome analysis of pre-metastatic BMICs revealed a unique genetic profile and several genes commonly up-regulated among lung, breast and melanoma BM, including the non-classical human leukocyte class I antigen-G (HLA-G). Loss of HLA-G in lung, breast and melanoma BMICs using two HLA-G specific shRNAs attenuated sphere formation, migratory and tumor initiating abilities of lung, breast and melanoma BMICs compared to control BMICs. HLA-G knockdown also resulted in reduced phospho(p)-STAT3 expression in patient-derived BMICs suggesting a potential cooperative role between HLA-G and pSTAT3 in BM. Since HLA-G is highly expressed at the cell surface in control tumors, ongoing experiments are focused on developing HLA-G specific chimeric antigen receptor -T cells (CAR-Ts) and determining their efficacy in targeting lung-, breast- and melanoma-BM as blocking the brain metastatic process will markedly extend patient survival and ultimately transform a fatal systemic disease into a more treatable one.