bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Superior Stability of Single‐Molecule Magnets on an Oxide Film
Authors: Studniarek Michał , Wäckerlin Christian , Singha Aparajita , Baltic Romana , Diller Katharina , Donati Fabio , Rusponi Stefano , Brune Harald , Lan Yanhua , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Ruben Mario , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Dreiser Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stability of magnetic information stored in surface adsorbed single‐molecule magnets is of critical interest for applications in nanoscale data storage or quantum computing. The present study combines X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism, density functional theory and magnetization dynamics calculations to gain deep insight into the substrate dependent relevant magnetization relaxation mechanisms. X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the opening of a butterfly‐shaped magnetic hysteresis of DyPc2 molecules on magnesium oxide and a closed loop on the bare silver substrate, while density functional theory shows that the molecules are only weakly adsorbed in both cases of magnesium oxide and silver. The enhanced magnetic stability of DyPc2 on the oxide film, in conjunction with previous experiments on the TbPc2 analogue, points to a general validity of the magnesium oxide induced stabilization effect. Magnetization dynamics calculations reveal that the enhanced magnetic stability of DyPc2 and TbPc2 on the oxide film is due to the suppression of two‐phonon Raman relaxation processes. The results suggest that substrates with low phonon density of states are beneficial for the design of spintronics devices based on single‐molecule magnets.
Engineered pH‐inducible intein Mtu ΔI‐CM variants with markedly reduced premature cleavage activity
Authors: Lin Zhanglin , Zhao Qing , Wang Xu , Zhou Bihong , Xing Lei , Wang Jiangyun , Pistolozzi Marco , Zhao Lei , Wang Tingting 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInteins have been widely exploited for the purification of tagless proteins. Among them, pH‐inducible C‐terminal‐cleavage inteins enable the preparation of proteins and peptides with an authentic N‐terminus. However, a severe premature cleavage around neutral pH has limited the application of these inteins, especially when used in recombinant hosts such as Escherichia coli. By targeting the microenvironment of the two key histidine residues H429 and H439, we engineered Mtu ΔI‐CM intein to markedly reduce its premature cleavage. Kinetic analyses suggested that although the variants retained the pH dependence, they indeed cleaved slower, especially at pH 7.6. These variants resulted in higher yields for two model polypeptides than the original Mtu ΔI‐CM intein, when used in conjunction with a cleavable self‐assembling tag. This work suggests that more controllable pH‐inducible inteins can be obtained by manipulating the residues in the self‐cleavage sites and provide better performance for tag‐based protein preparation strategies.
A new liquefaction method for natural gas by utilizing cold energy and separating power of swirl nozzle
Authors: Bian Jiang , Cao Xuewen , Yang Wen , Gao Song , Xiang Chengcheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA swirl nozzle with a central body was newly designed to make full use of the cold energy and separating power, and the coupling of swirling flow and condensation was realized based on a condensation model, a droplet surface tension model and a Reynolds stress model turbulence model. The flow and condensation characteristics of methane gas under supersonic swirling flow conditions were studied. The results show that the flow and condensation parameter distribution in the swirl nozzle are similar under varying swirling intensities, but the swirling performance improves with the increase in swirling intensity, and a tangential velocity is beneficial before the gas enters the nozzle. As the inlet temperature decreases or the inlet pressure increases, the liquefaction efficiency increases, and the gas condensation process can be promoted. With the advancement of the initial nucleation position and the increase in the droplet radius, the separation efficiency of the swirl nozzle increases.
Microwave‐Assisted Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Iodination/Bromination of Isoxazole‐4‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Barak Dinesh S. , Dahatonde Dipak J. , Batra Sanjay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA microwave‐assisted metal‐free route to substituted 4‐haloisoxazoles via decarboxylative halogenation of substituted isoxazole‐4‐carboxylic acids using N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) and N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of K3PO4 is described. It was discovered that the substitutions present at the 3‐position of differently 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles influenced the outcome of the protocol. The methodology is compatible for performing decarboxylative halogenation followed by decarboxylative Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira couplings as one‐pot process.
Effects of modifying visual inhaler spacer usage instructions on correct usage rate of untrained users
Authors: Topal Erdem , Arga Mustafa , Özmen Hakan , Doğru Mahmut , Alataş Cem , Muştu Elif Büşra , Çeliksoy Mehmet Halil 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPressurized metered‐dose inhalers (pMDIs) used with spacers are considered the method of choice for delivery of inhaled drugs in preschool‐age children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of modifying the visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines on the correct usage rate.MethodsThe parents and caregivers of patients <6 years old who were prescribed inhalers with spacers for the first time were included in our study. The participants were randomly divided into a modified visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines group and an unmodified visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines group. All study participants underwent face‐to‐face interviews and completed questionnaires.ResultsA total of 510 participants with a median age of 31 (range, 20‐46) years were included in this study. The modified visual guidelines group included 254 (49.6%) participants, and the unmodified visual guidelines group included 256 (50.4%) participants. One hundred sixty‐five (65.2%) of the 254 participants in the modified visual guidelines group correctly demonstrated the inhaler spacer technique. In contrast, only 21 (8.2%) of the 256 participants in the unmodified visual guidelines group correctly demonstrated the inhaler spacer technique (p< 0.001). When comparing the inhaler spacer usage steps between the 2 groups, the modified visual guidelines group demonstrated the steps more correctly and more quickly (p< 0.001).ConclusionThe current visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines are insufficient. We believe that improving the visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines, in particular, will increase the correct usage rate and decrease the number of usage errors.
The Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reaction at Parts Per Million Levels of Pd: In Situ Formation of Highly Active Spirosilicates in Glycol Solvents
Authors: Ichii Shun , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA palladium NNC‐pincer complex at a 5 mol ppm loading efficiently catalyzed the Hiyama coupling reaction of aryl bromides with aryl(trialkoxy)silanes in propylene glycol to give the corresponding biaryls in excellent yields. This method was applied to the syntheses of adapalene and a biaryl‐type liquid‐crystalline compound, as well as to the derivatization of dextromethorphan and norfloxacin. ESI‐MS and NMR analyses of the reaction mixture suggested the formation of pentacoordinate spirosilicate intermediates in situ. Preliminary theoretical studies revealed that the glycol‐derived silicate intermediates formed in situ are quite reactive silicon reagents in the transmetalation step.
Catalog of equatorial coordinates and B‐magnitudes of the Kitab's part of the FON project
Authors: Yuldoshev Q. , Protsyuk Y. , Relke H. , Ehgamberdiev S. , Muminov M. , Andruk V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a catalog of stars with equatorial coordinates α and δ and B‐magnitudes of stars for the Kitab's section of the FON project (FON‐Kitab). The photographic plates of the FON project were exposed on the double telescope Double Zeiss Astrograph (DAZ, D/F = 40/300, 69″/mm) at the Kitab observatory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A total of 1963 plates, with size of 5.5 × 5.5 degrees (30 × 30 cm or 13,000 × 13,000 pixels) were digitized by Epson Expression 10000XL scanner with 1,200 dpi resolution. The reduction of plates was processed in the four astronomical organizations: Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute (UBAI) of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences; the Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; the Walter Hohmann Observatory of Essen, Germany; and the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The catalogue contains nearly 13.4 million stars and galaxies from 0° to −20° according to declination down to B = 17. m5 in the middle epoch of observation 1985.0. The coordinates of the stars and galaxies were obtained from the Tycho‐2 catalogue, while B‐magnitudes were determined in the system of photoelectric standards. The mean internal errors of the new catalogue for all objects were σαδ = 0. ′′23 and σB = 0. m15 (for the stars in the range of B = 5m − 14m, the errors are σαδ = 0. ′′085 and σB = 0. m054 for the equatorial coordinates and the B‐magnitudes, respectively). The convergence between the calculated and reference positions was σαδ = 0. ′′042. The convergence with the photoelectric B‐magnitudes is σB = 0. m16. External comparison with UCAC‐4 based on 9,892,697 or 73.8% cross‐identified objects yield σαδ = 0. ′′26.
Single Cell Omics: From Assay Design to Biomedical Application
Authors: Chen Wenyi , Li Shumin , Kulkarni Anuja Shreeram , Huang Lin , Cao Jing , Qian Kun , Wan Jingjing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGiven the existence of cell heterogeneity, single cell analysis is undergoing a rapid expansion for life science and precision medicine. Recent numerous innovations in analytical platforms and instruments have re‐energized the field and led to the emergence of single cell omics with high sensitivity, throughput and multiplexity. The omics knowledge builds the bridge between underlying molecular changes and cell behavior, and facilitates a deeper understanding of disease development processes. Here, the authors highlight important achievements of single cell omics mainly including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, and discuss the biomedical applications of single cell omics in stem cells differentiation, immune cells function, nerve cells development and activity, and circulating tumor cells based cancer research.
Network meta-analysis of urinary retention and mortality after Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia under local, regional or general anaesthesia
Authors: Olsen J H H , Öberg S , Andresen K , Klausen T W , Rosenberg J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Urinary retention and mortality after open repair of inguinal hernia may depend on the type of anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in urinary retention and mortality in adults after Lichtenstein repair under different types of anaesthesia.

Methods
Systematic searches were conducted in the Cochrane, PubMed and Embase databases, with the last search on 1 August 2018. Eligible studies included adult patients having elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair by the Lichtenstein technique under local, regional or general anaesthesia. Outcomes were urinary retention and mortality, which were compared between the three types of anaesthesia using meta-analyses and a network meta-analysis.

Results
In total, 53 studies covering 11 683 patients were included. Crude rates of urinary retention were 0·1 (95 per cent c.i. 0 to 0·2) per cent for local anaesthesia, 8·6 (6·6 to 10·5) per cent for regional anaesthesia and 1·4 (0·6 to 2·2) per cent for general anaesthesia. No death related to the type of anaesthesia was reported. The network meta-analysis showed a higher risk of urinary retention after both regional (odds ratio (OR) 15·73, 95 per cent c.i. 5·85 to 42·32; P &lt; 0·001) and general (OR 4·07, 1·07 to 15·48; P = 0·040) anaesthesia compared with local anaesthesia, and a higher risk after regional compared with general anaesthesia (OR 3·87, 1·10 to 13·60; P = 0·035). Meta-analyses showed a higher risk of urinary retention after regional compared with local anaesthesia (P &lt; 0·001), but no difference between general and local anaesthesia (P = 0·08).

Conclusion
Local or general anaesthesia had significantly lower risks of urinary retention than regional anaesthesia. Differences in mortality could not be assessed as there were no deaths after elective Lichtenstein repair. Registration number: CRD42018087115 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero).
Effects of irisin on the dysfunction of blood–brain barrier in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Guo Peipei , Jin Zhao , Wu Huisheng , Li Xinyi , Ke Jianjuan , Zhang Zongze , Zhao Qiu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether irisin could protect against blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.Methods and MaterialsSeventy‐two adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 280–320 g were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (S), focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (FC), and irisin group (IR). Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by improved thread occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 hr followed by reperfusion for 24 hr in rats. After 24 hr of reperfusion, the neurological evaluation was performed by the method of Longa's score. The histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. The brain water content was determined by detecting the wet weight and dry weight. The BBB permeability was assessed by fluorescence spectrophotometer and fluorescence microscopy for Evans blue (EB) extravasation. The activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in different groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and gel gelatin zymography.ResultsAfter MCAO, the neurological deficit scores, the infarct volume, the brain water content, and the EB content were higher in the FC group than those in the S group (p < .05). While after irisin treatment, these indicators mentioned above were lower than those in the IR group (p < .05). Moreover, the protein expression of MMP‐9 in the cortex increased significantly after MCAO, while irisin treatment could decrease the protein expression of MMP‐9 in the cortex (p < .05).ConclusionOur data suggest that irisin can attenuate brain damage both morphologically and functionally and protect BBB from disruption after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, which is highly associated with the inhibition of the expression and activity of MMP‐9 in the brain tissue.
Virtual instrumentation based learning methodology for teaching power system measurement and protection
Authors: Betancourt Ramón J. , González‐López Juan M. , Espejo Emilio B. , Pérez‐González Marco A. , Laureano Efraín V. , Ledesma Jaime A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, virtual instrumentation based learning methodology is presented for teaching measurement and protection in power systems courses at the Faculty of Electromechanical Engineering of the University of Colima, Mexico. The proposed methodology uses the project‐based learning method for developing experience learning. The students develop the hardware which can be used with the conventional machinery laboratory equipment and it considers the necessary security aspects to provide students with safe studying conditions by avoiding the risk of hazards. Through the use of low‐cost voltage and current sensors, the variables of interest of the equipment under measurement and protection are reduced to suitable values for the data acquisition system (DAQ). The voltage and current signals are processed using the LabVIEW® environment and the algorithms for power metering and the most common relays are developed. Acting signals coming from the DAQ are interfaced with the electrical machines by appropriate contactors and which simulates the power switchgear. The implemented hardware and the algorithms developed, allow students to measure the power consumption of conventional loads and to reproduce the most used relays by the electrical industry. This proposal represents an alternative to the high costs of didactic equipment. Finally, a survey provides a good insight of how the application of virtual instrumentation in the teaching process impacts the development of professional skills in the ambit of measurement and protection of power systems.
SIRT4 enhances the sensitivity of ER‐positive breast cancer to tamoxifen by inhibiting the IL‐6/STAT3 signal pathway
Authors: Xing Jilin , Li Ji , Fu Lin , Gai Junda , Guan Jingqian , Li Qingchang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent advances in endocrine therapy have improved the prospects for estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen is an effective drug for patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer, but the development of resistance is common. Therefore, discovering ways to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to tamoxifen may help improve breast cancer treatment. We studied the biological role of sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) in tamoxifen‐treated MCF7 and T47D cells. The levels of the MYC proto‐oncogene (MYC) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were detected by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in breast cancer cells with SIRT4 overexpression or depletion. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to assess the phosphorylation status of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). SIRT4 overexpression decreased the half maximal inhibitory concentration of tamoxifen in MCF7 and T47D cells, while its depletion increased it. Thus, SIRT4 enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Moreover, western blotting revealed decreased STAT3 phosphorylation after SIRT4 transfection. The transcription and translation of MYC and CCND1, target genes of the STAT3 pathway, were also blocked. Immunofluorescence revealed that pathway activation and nuclear STAT4 translocation were suppressed when SIRT4 was overexpressed. Furthermore, the effects of SIRT4 overexpression or depletion on proliferation could be offset by STAT3 activation or inhibition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SIRT4 enhances the tamoxifen sensitivity of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. With this knowledge, therapeutic strategies with reduced drug resistance risk may be developed.
Successful Multidisciplinary Management of an Endodontic‐Periodontal Lesion Associated With a Palato‐Radicular Groove: A Case Report
Authors: Katwal Diksha , Fiorica Jennifer K. , Bleuel Jane , Clark Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThis case report describes the collaborative management of an extensive combined endodontic‐periodontal lesion related to a long palato‐radicular groove (PRG) on a maxillary lateral incisor. Cases with similar severity have been reported minimally in the endodontic journals but even less in the periodontal journals. This case report illustrates the result of multidisciplinary treatment of the combined lesions associated with PRG.Case PresentationA 63‐year‐old patient presented with a periapical radiolucency on tooth #10. After evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with an endodontic‐periodontal lesion associated with PRG. After being informed of a guarded prognosis, the patient consented to a surgical procedure in an effort to retain the tooth. Management of the case involved a combination of endodontic therapy, odontoplasty under dental operating microscopy to attempt to eliminate the root anomaly, and periodontal regenerative procedures with allografts and a resorbable barrier membrane. Clinical examination and the cone‐beam computed tomography scan at a 2‐year postoperative visit revealed a substantial reduction in probing depth and significant bone fill of the defect.ConclusionsIn the past, a long PRG in combination with a periapical lesion often resulted in extraction of the tooth. With accurate assessment of the etiology of the defect, patient education, and a multidisciplinary approach, teeth with a PRG may be retained with a stable outcome for years.
Exploratory examination of clinician perspectives on positive memories and post‐traumatic stress disorder interventions
Authors: Contractor Ateka A. , Caldas Stephanie V. , Dolan Megan , Banducci Anne N. , Jin Ling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the role of positive memories in the aetiology and maintenance of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), most PTSD interventions primarily focus on traumatic memories. To aid the development of a PTSD‐specific technique focused on processing positive memories, we gathered formative input from practicing clinicians on the content, format, feasibility and acceptability of this proposed intervention technique. We recruited licensed clinicians (n = 46) through professional networks and psychology organisation Listservs, provided a description of a positive memory processing technique, and administered a questionnaire querying perspectives on the proposed technique. Most clinicians reported using positive memories in PTSD therapy (67.39%) and interest in addressing them in depth/frequently (71.74%). They reported that (a) positive memory processing could increase positive thoughts (82.50%), feelings (80%) and memory specificity (75%); (b) optimal intervention components included defining a positive memory as a peak experience (characterised by strong positive affect, a positive and impactful change on one's life, and overwhelming joy/happiness; 57.50%), identifying 1–3 memories (25.64%–33.33%), discussing them in session to elicit positive elements (68.57%–82.86%), tracking affect intensity/valence (57.14%), and using this technique to augment trauma‐focused interventions (57.14%); and (c) feasibility indicators included perceived acceptability to clients (80.65%) and clinicians (66.67%), practicality (51.61%), successful implementation considering resources/time (63.33%), ease of learning (51.61%) and positive impact on therapy satisfaction/tolerability (54.84%–58.06%). Taken together, our study provides parameters for the development and investigation of a PTSD‐specific positive memory processing technique.