bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do employees value strategic CSR? A tale of affective organizational commitment and its underlying mechanisms
Authors: Rodrigo Pablo , Aqueveque Claudio , Duran Ignacio J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVirtually all studies that focus on the relationship between CSR perceptions and employees’ organizational commitment have not taken into consideration the fit between social and environmental activities and a firm’s business‐unit strategy. This is essential to inquire because scholars have argued that when companies ingrain CSR activities into their strategy‐making process (i.e., in their vision, mission, and overall business model), this might send a more compelling message that resonates closer to workers’ personal standards, and actually enhance employee‐level outcomes. Nevertheless, there is no certainty “if” and “how” these evaluations could affect employees’ organizational commitment. To address this issue, we use cue consistency theory and social identity theory as overarching frameworks to develop a model where we conceptually link perceptions of strategy‐CSR fit with a particular type of organizational commitment: affective. In addition, we posit and test three mediators to understand the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship: perceived external prestige, organizational identification, and work meaningfulness. Through structural equation modeling, and using a heterogeneous final sample of 579 employees, we find compelling evidence to support the fact that strategy‐CSR fit enhances employees’ affective organizational commitment through the proposed mediators. Academic contributions and practical implications are then discussed.
The psychometrics of psychosis – assessing and rating perceptual and ideational disturbance in adolescents
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Paton Lewis W. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe early recognition and management of psychosis spectrum disorders is associated with superior outcomes in affected individuals. However, this can be challenging for numerous reasons. This article provides perspectives on the effective evaluation and rating of potentially psychotic phenomena young people. We compare and contrast two widely used instruments that can support this process.FindingsThe Comprehensive Assessment for At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) is used to explore potentially psychotic experiences in young people perceived to be at risk of an emerging or imminent psychosis. There is evidence to support its reliability and, to some extent, the predictive validity of the resultant scores. However, relatively low short–medium transition rates to psychosis in ‘positive’ cases suggest that its use as a screening instrument should be restricted to groups who show some indication of impending risk (e.g. help‐seeking, distress, declining functioning, perceptual disturbance, etc.). In contrast, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is calibrated to rate symptoms in those with an established psychosis, especially those with a diagnosis related to the schizophrenia spectrum. Consequently, the PANSS is useful for evaluating the clinical course and outcomes of psychotic illness.ConclusionsAlthough neither instrument is designed specifically for use in those under 18, with care they can be used to effectively support the management of adolescents reporting perceptual and ideational disturbance. However, it is important that any instrument ratings are placed meaningfully in the context of the overall clinical picture and all available information.
Home‐based cow's milk reintroduction using a milk ladder in children less than 3 years old with IgE‐mediated cow's milk allergy
Authors: Ball Heidi Britt , Luyt David 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe development of tolerance to cow's milk in allergic children is best determined by supervised baked milk exposure. Widely recommended hospital‐based challenges can potentially delay contact because of resource limitations.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the efficacy and safety of our low‐dose home‐based reintroduction programme.MethodsIn our allergy service, children with IgE‐mediated cow's milk allergy who met set criteria (presenting with skin and/or gastrointestinal symptoms only and skin prick test < 8 mm) are considered for home‐based milk reintroduction (HMR). Early contact is low‐dose ingestion of a commercial baked milk biscuit with slow gradual further exposure followed by increasing milk contact using a milk ladder. We retrospectively reviewed 4‐6 monthly attendance records assessing allergic symptoms, evolving milk tolerance, and compliance. Tolerance was determined using a 7 scale scoring system based on the milk ladder.ResultsThe clinic attendance and dietetic contact records of 86 children (49 girls) who underwent HMR were reviewed. HMR was started at a median of 13 months with 49% 8‐12 months, 40% 13‐18 months and 11% 19‐33 months. Allergic symptoms were reported in 81 (43%) of 189 dietetic reviews, 65 (80%) of which were from the milk ladder; no patient experienced anaphylaxis requiring treatment with intramuscular adrenaline. After four reviews, only eight patients were not tolerating almost all dairy products, and there was a high rate of completion with only a further seven patients lost to the programme.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceCow's milk can be successfully and safely reintroduced in a cautious low‐dose exclusively home‐based programme in the appropriate clinical and family setting.
Endothelin‐1 mediates Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced airway inflammation and remodelling
Authors: Labram Briony , Namvar Sara , Hussell Tracy , Herrick Sarah E. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways and patients sensitized to airborne fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus have more severe asthma. Thickening of the bronchial subepithelial layer is a contributing factor to asthma severity for which no current treatment exists. Airway epithelium acts as an initial defence barrier to inhaled spores, orchestrating an inflammatory response and contributing to subepithelial fibrosis.ObjectiveWe aimed to analyse the production of pro‐fibrogenic factors by airway epithelium in response to A fumigatus, in order to propose novel anti‐fibrotic strategies for fungal‐induced asthma.MethodsWe assessed the induction of key pro‐fibrogenic factors, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, periostin and endothelin‐1, by human airway epithelial cells and in mice exposed to A fumigatus spores or secreted fungal factors.ResultsAspergillus fumigatus specifically caused production of endothelin‐1 by epithelial cells in vitro but not any of the other pro‐fibrogenic factors assessed. A fumigatus also induced endothelin‐1 in murine lungs, associated with extensive inflammation and airway remodelling. Using a selective endothelin‐1 receptor antagonist, we demonstrated for the first time that endothelin‐1 drives many features of airway remodelling and inflammation elicited by A fumigatus.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated endothelin‐1 levels contribute to subepithelial thickening and highlight this factor as a possible therapeutic target for difficult‐to‐treat fungal‐induced asthma.
Clinical factors associated with cutaneous histopathologic findings in dermatomyositis
Authors: Wolstencroft Paige W. , Rieger Kerri E. , Leatham Hayley W. , Fiorentino David F. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCommon histopathologic findings in cutaneous dermatomyositis include vacuolar interface with dyskeratosis, mucin, and perivascular inflammation. Data examining the relationships between these and other histologic abnormalities, or their dependence on biopsy site, and medications are limited.MethodsUsing 228 dermatomyositis skin biopsies and statistical analyses including Chi‐squared analyses, calculations of relative risk, and adjusted generalized estimating equation regressions, we investigated relationships between 14 histopathologic findings and the impact of clinical factors on these findings.ResultsIn biopsies taken from sites of visible rash, interface dermatitis was seen in 91%, and 95% had at least one of perivascular inflammation, mucin, or basal vacuolization. Vascular abnormalities were not closely associated with epidermal or inflammatory findings. Concomitant prednisone significantly decreased the odds of basal vacuolization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12‐0.98,P‐value = 0.05), perivascular inflammation (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.53,P‐value = 0.002), and vessel damage (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68‐0.96,P‐value = 0.02).ConclusionVasculopathy and classic findings of interface dermatitis may be driven by unique pathways in dermatomyositis. Corticosteroid use may impact skin biopsy findings. There is a need for clinicopathologic correlation when diagnosing dermatomyositis.
Direct medical costs in the preceding, event and subsequent years of a first severe hypoglycaemia episode requiring hospitalization: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wong Carlos K. H. , Tong Thaison , Cheng Garvin H. L. , Tang Eric H. M. , Thokala Praveen , Tse Emily T. Y. , Lam Cindy L. K. 
Published: February 2019

AimsWe aimed to estimate the use of healthcare services and the direct medical costs accrued by patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) during the year of the first severe hypoglycaemia (SH) event, as well as during the years before and after the event year.Materials and MethodsWe analysed a population‐based, retrospective cohort including all adults with DM managed in the primary care setting from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority between 2006 and 2013. DM patients for whom SH was first recorded during the designated period were identified and matched to a control group of patients who had not experienced an SH event using the propensity score method. Direct medical costs in the years before, during and after the first SH event were determined by totalling the costs of health services utilized within respective years.ResultsAfter matching, a total of 22 694 DM patients were divided into the first recorded‐SH group (n = 11 347) and the non‐SH control group (n = 11 347). Patients for whom SH was first recorded, on average, made 7.85 outpatient clinic visits, made 1.89 emergency visits and spent 17.75 nights hospitalized during the event year. Mean direct medical costs during the event year were 11 751 US$, more than 2‐fold that during the preceding year (4846 US$; P < 0.001) and subsequent years (4198–4700 US$; P < 0.001) and was 4.5 times that 2 years before the event (2481 US$; P < 0.001). Incremental costs of SH patients vs matched controls during the event year and the preceding year were 10 873 US$ (P < 0.001) and 3974 US$ (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsSH is associated with excessive hospital admission rates and direct medical costs during the event year and, in particular, during the year before as compared to patients who had not experienced an SH event.
Weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving once‐weekly dulaglutide plus insulin lispro or insulin glargine plus insulin lispro: A post‐hoc analysis of the AWARD‐4 study across baseline body mass index subgroups
Authors: Fuechtenbusch Martin , Aberle Jens , Heitmann Elke , Nicolay Claudia , Jung Heike 
Published: February 2019

AimsInsulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are challenged in achieving body weight stability or reduction, in addition to glycaemic control. Post‐hoc analyses of body weight and insulin dose data from the AWARD‐4 trial involved comparison of treatment with once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg (N = 295) or 0.75 mg (N = 293) and treatment with daily insulin glargine (N = 296), each with prandial insulin lispro (± metformin).Materials and methodsChanges in weight and in the proportion of patients without weight gain or with weight loss of at least 3%, 5% or 10% or composites of HbA1c less than 7% without weight gain and weight loss of at least 3% after 52 weeks were compared between the dulaglutide (either dose) groups and the insulin glargine group, overall and by baseline BMI (<30, 30‐<35, ≥35 kg/m2), using analysis of covariance and logistic regression, including interaction terms.ResultsThe following parameters were statistically significant (P < 0.01) in favour of the dulaglutide‐treated groups, at lower mean total daily insulin doses, vs the insulin glargine group. The achieved targets were more pronounced with dulaglutide 1.5 mg than with insulin glargine: LSM weight change difference, −3.23 kg; proportion of patients without weight gain, 49.0% vs 19.0%; proportion of patients with weight loss ≥3%, 21.7% vs 5.7% or with weight loss ≥5%, 10.5% vs 2.4%; proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% without weight gain, 26.2% vs 7.9%; proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% and weight loss ≥3%, 11.9% vs 1.4%, respectively. Treatment effect for these parameters was not significantly different across BMI categories.ConclusionsLarger proportions of patients in late‐stage T2D needing treatment intensification achieved glycemic control without weight gain or with weight loss at lower insulin doses with once‐weekly dulaglutide plus daily prandial insulin than with a basal‐bolus insulin regimen, overall and across all three BMI subgroups.
Labour productivity in African manufacturing: Does the level of skills development matter?
Authors: Mike Okumu Ibrahim , Mawejje Joseph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMotivationThis article provides the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between skills and labour productivity among manufacturing firms across Africa. It makes two contributions. First, we re‐examine the relationship between skills and labour productivity using nuanced firm‐level data. Second, we examine whether the relationship between employee skills and firm productivity varies by size and age of the firm.PurposeThis paper poses two questions. What is the relationship between skills and labour productivity using nuanced firm‐level data? Is the relationship between employee skills and firm productivity mediated by firm size and age?Approach and MethodsWe used the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey data and employed the pooled Ordinary Least Squares estimation. Owing to endogeneity concerns, we used Instrumental Variables, where country‐sector‐size averages instrument for high school and university education. Propensity Score Matching was used to estimate the effects of training.FindingsWe find that the effects of high school and university education are higher among small and young firms respectively. Training is positively associated with labour productivity, particularly among older and large firms.Policy implicationsOverall this article highlights the importance of skills development in Africa’s aspiration to boost manufacturing. Key to this is encouraging schoolchildren to complete the education cycle. It helps too if employers can identify the level of education that suits their needs for skills, given firm size and age. They need to identify skill gaps, then match training to the skills employees require.
Stratification by MYC expression has prognostic impact in MYC translocated B‐cell lymphoma—Identifies a subgroup of patients with poor outcome
Authors: Pedersen Mette Ølgod , Gang Anne Ortved , Clasen‐Linde Erik , Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Knudsen Helle , Nielsen Signe Ledou , Poulsen Tim Svenstrup , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Høgdall Estrid , Nørgaard Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) according to WHO, the prognostic significance of MYC translocation is still not sufficiently clarified. We therefore aimed to investigate whether prognostication could be improved in patients with MYC translocation positive LBCL by additional stratification according to MYC and BCL2 protein expression levels or MYC translocation partner gene as well as concurrent BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocation (DH).MethodsFrom an unselected consecutive cohort of >600 patients with LBCL investigated with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), 64 patients were diagnosed with MYC translocation positive LBCL and included in the study. They were further investigated for supplemental translocations with FISH and MYC and BCL2 protein expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsMYC expression >75% was associated with both reduced progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (PFS: HR 6.8 (95% CI 1.5‐31), P = 0.004. OS: HR 4.3 (95% CI 0.9‐21), P = 0.05). Immunoglobulin (IG) MYC translocation partner gene was related to high MYC protein expression (P = 0.047) but was not prognostic for PFS (P = 0.8) or OS (P = 0.6). DH did not confer a worse outcome compared to MYC single hit (SH). These findings were confirmed in a comparable, independent validation cohort of 28 patients with MYC translocation positive LBCL. All patients included in the survival analyses were treated with R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) or R‐CHOEP (R‐CHOP + etoposide).ConclusionThese findings suggest that in patients with LBCL stratification by MYC protein expression level significantly improves the prognostic impact associated with MYC translocation.
Parents of early‐maturing girls die younger
Authors: Hõrak Peeter , Valge Markus , Fischer Krista , Mägi Reedik , Kaart Tanel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccording to the life‐history theory, rates of sexual maturation have coevolved with mortality rates so that individuals who mature faster tend to die younger. We used two data sets, providing different markers for the speed of pubertal development to test whether rates of sexual maturation of women predict the age at death of their parents. In the data set of Estonian schoolgirls born between 1936 and 1961, the rate of breast development predicted lifespan of both mothers and fathers (irrespectively of their socio‐economic position), so that parents of rapidly maturing girls died at younger age. This finding supports the view that fast maturation rates in humans have coevolved with short lifespans and that such trade‐offs can be detected as intergenerational phenotypic correlations in modern populations. Menarcheal age of participants of Estonian Biobank (born between 1925 and 1996) did not predict the age of death of their mothers; however, it did predict survival of their fathers, but only in environment where the genetic variation is exposed (families where at least one parent had tertiary education). In such families (where girls also matured 0.2–0.4 years earlier than in poorly educated families), 1‐year delay in daughter's menarche corresponded to 9% lower hazard of father's death. Heritability of menarcheal age was also highest in well‐educated families. The latter findings are consistent with the idea that genetic differences in the rate of pubertal maturation may be expressed most clearly in well‐off families because in such families, the contribution of environmental variance to total phenotypic variance in menarcheal age is smallest. Our findings suggest that with global improvement and equalization of growth conditions, reductions of environmental variation in the rate of maturation increasingly expose the genetic differences in menarcheal age to selection. Under such conditions, selection on menarcheal age has a potential to affect the evolution of lifespan.
The Spectrum of Vestibular Migraine: Clinical Features, Triggers, and Examination Findings
Authors: Beh Shin C. , Masrour Shamin , Smith Stacy V. , Friedman Deborah I. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the ictal symptoms, interictal symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, and interictal neuro‐otologic examination findings in vestibular migraine (VM).MethodsRetrospective chart review of 491 patients seen from August 2014 until March 2018 at a tertiary neurology referral center for vestibular disorders to identify patients fulfilling the 2012 VM criteria.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐one patients (105 women) were identified. Mean age of VM onset was 44.3 (±13.7) years. Preceding the onset of vestibular symptoms, most had migraine (57.3%) and motion sickness (61.1%). It was common to have a family history of migraine (50.8%) and episodic vestibular symptoms (28.1%). Common ictal symptoms were triggered (visually induced and head‐motion) and spontaneous vertigo, accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia (118/131 [90.1%] patients), nausea (105/131 [80.2%] patients), aural symptoms (79/131 [60.3%] patients), and headache (65/131 [49.6%] patients). Interictally, many experienced visually induced (116/131 [88.6%] patients), head‐motion (86/131 [65.6%] patients), and persistent (67/131 [51.1%] patients) dizziness. Psychiatric comorbidities include anxiety (92/131 [70.2%] patients), depression (53/131 [40.5%] patients), insomnia (38/131 [29.0%] patients), phobic disorders (15/131 [11.5%] patients), and psychogenic disorders (11/131 [8.4%] patients). Common triggers were stress (52/131 [39.7%] patients), bright lights (35/131 [26.7%] patients), weather changes (34/131 [26.0%] patients), and sleep deprivation (34/131 [26.0%] patients). Interictal neuro‐otologic examination was abnormal in 56/131 (42.7%), usually hyperventilation‐induced, head‐shaking‐induced, vibration‐induced, and positional nystagmus. The most common balance‐test finding was impaired sharpened Romberg’s test (22/130 [16.9%] patients).ConclusionsIn this single center study, we found that VM typically affects women in their 40s, with a personal and family history of migraine. Typical ictal symptoms were triggered and spontaneous vertigo, associated with photophobia and phonophobia, nausea, aural symptoms, and headache. Interictal vestibular symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and non‐specific interictal neuro‐otologic findings were common.