bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huang Qin Hua Shi decoction for high-temperature- and high-humidity-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder in rats is associated with deactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Authors: Luo Yong , Yang Min , Guo Mingyang , Zhong Xiaolong , Hu Yonghe 
Published: September 2019

Objective To investigate the effects of Huang Qin Hua Shi (HQ) decoction on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in rats under high-temperature (hT)- and high-humidity (hH)-induced stress. Methods Male rats were randomized into four groups: rats without stress; rats induced with hT (35 ± 1°C) and hH (85 ± 5% humidity); rats induced with hT and hH and treated with HQ decoction; and rats induced with hT and hH and treated with mifepristone. After 3 weeks, rats underwent the Morris water maze and open-field test. Rat hypothalami were analyzed pathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosteroid (CORT) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The administration of mifepristone or HQ in stressed rats significantly improved their performance in the Morris water maze test and increased the central-to-peripheral ratio and incidence of deep rearing in the open-field test. Mifepristone and HQ also reversed histological changes in the hypothalami of stressed rats. Compared with control rats, GR mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and serum CRH, ACTH, and CORT were significantly elevated in rats stressed with hT and hH, and these changes were attenuated by mifepristone and HQ. Conclusion HQ decoction protects against hT- and hH-induced cognitive-behavioral disorder and its therapeutic effect is associated with decreased HPA axis activity.
Zero growth: A grand challenge for the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Groen Martin 
Published: September 2019

This article presents a systematic and scientific literature review of the topic ‘zero growth’. Since its origins in the late 18th century, growth economics has expanded significantly in recent decades, leading to the development of ecological economics, political economics and growth and degrowth economics. It is apparent that humankind is now running out of time to develop a global consensus as to what approaches should be taken to transition from growth to zero growth and degrowth. Zero growth is the grand challenge of this century, particularly for the Asia-Pacific region where economic growth has been an imperative for emerging economies. Using Japan as an illustrative example, this article explores the scenario of a no-growth economy that is now confronted with potentially a zero-growth or even a degrowth future. The grand challenge for not just Japan but the entire Asia-Pacific region is how to survive a zero-growth future. Furthermore, this article also identifies emerging themes for future research to progress the zero-growth and degrowth discussions. JEL Classification: F64, N5, Q32, Q5
Implementation of a Calorie Menu Labeling Policy in Public Hospitals: Study Protocol for a Multiple Case Study
Authors: Kerins Claire , Houghton Catherine , McHugh Sheena , Geaney Fiona , Toomey Elaine , Hayes Catherine , Perry Ivan J. , Kelly Colette 
Published: September 2019

Background: Promotion of good nutrition is essential for reducing the risk of chronic disease and premature death. Evidence shows menu labeling interventions should be implemented in workplaces as part of a comprehensive approach to improve employees’ dietary habits; however, implementation challenges have arisen. This article describes a protocol for a multiple case study to explore the factors that impact on implementation of a calorie menu labeling policy in Irish public hospitals. Methods: Using a multiple case study design, comprising four Irish acute public hospitals, this study will draw on multiple perspectives and sources of evidence (observations followed by interviews, focus groups, and documentary analysis) to allow for a comprehensive depth and breadth of inquiry. Data collection and analysis will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, bringing together constructs from implementation theories to understand the complexity of implementing policies. Hospitals will be categorized into high and low implementers of the policy based on quantitative data obtained from structured observations. Using framework analysis, within- and cross-case analyses will be performed to identify factors influencing policy implementation and to identify distinguishing patterns across high and low implementers and across hospital direct and indirect stakeholders. Strategies will be employed to ensure rigorous case study research, for example, triangulation, audit trail, reflexivity, and thick descriptions. An integrated knowledge translation approach, where researchers work with stakeholders throughout the research process, will be adopted to facilitate the translation of research into policy and practice. Discussion: This protocol highlights methodological insights in utilizing case study research to gain a greater understanding of the menu labeling implementation process. Study findings will be relevant to policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the rollout of such interventions and will provide a foundation to select and tailor implementation strategies to assist with scale-up of calorie menu labeling across the health service.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among pharmacy professionals towards generic medicines in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Nasir Beshir B , Muhammed Oumer S , Buseir Miftah S 
Published: September 2019

Background Suboptimal knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals about generics reduce utilization of these drugs. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge gap, attitude and practice among pharmacy professionals toward generic medicine in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method The study was conducted in Addis Ababa from 10 April to10 July 2018 among 424 pharmacy professionals. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences version 24 and multi-variable binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of the dependent variables. Result Majority (77.1%) of the participants claimed that they have had knowledge on the concept of generic medicine. Knowledge was significantly associated with participants’ educational qualification and work experience. More than half (55%) of them have an attitude that brand medicines are of higher quality compared to generics and 37.6% of them believe generic medicines are less effective than brand medicines. About 80% of the participants claimed that locally manufactured generics are cheaper than imported generics. Affordability to the customer, cost effectiveness of generic medicine and consumer preference/demand were the commonest reasons to dispense generic medicines. Conclusion Though vast majority of the study participants have had knowledge on the concept of generic medicine, their attitude and practice seem suboptimal that will influence utilization of generic products.
Mediating role of the perceived benefits of using a medication safety system in the relationship between transformational leadership and the medication-error management climate
Authors: Kim Myoung Soo , Seok Ji Hye , Kim Bo Min 
Published: September 2019

Background Evidence indicates that applying technology to medication safety will improve the quality of medical services and enhance the medication-error management climate. The perceived benefits of using the medication safety system are an important factor for adopting a system. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the perceived benefits of using a medication safety system in the relationship between transformational leadership and the medication-error management climate. Methods A total of 153 staff nurses from 11 secondary or tertiary hospitals in Korea were included. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used. Results Transformational leadership was significantly correlated with the perceived benefits of the system use ( r = .17, p = .032) and medication-error management climate ( r = .55, p < .001). The perceived benefit of using the medication safety system was a mediator between transformational leadership and the medication-error management climate. Conclusions When chief executive officers construct and implement a medication safety system in their hospitals, transformational leadership can enhance the perceived benefits of system use, which is an important factor that contributes to a positive medication-error management climate.
Long-term outcomes after pollicization: a mean 11-year follow-up study
Authors: Hellevuo Camilla , Leppänen Olli V. , Kapanen Susanne , Vilkki Simo K. 
Published: September 2019

This study evaluates the long-term results of pollicization for a congenitally absent or severely hypoplastic thumb. Twenty-nine patients with 34 pollicizations were divided to two groups: those with simple thumb hypoplasia (22 pollicizations) and those with radial longitudinal dysplasia (12 pollicizations). The patients were followed from 1.3 to 32 years, with a mean follow-up time of 11 years. The patients were examined clinically and radiologically, and they completed a questionnaire concerning satisfaction with appearance, function, and social interaction. The Percival score was also calculated. In both groups, grip and pinch strengths of the operated hands were inferior to the normative age-related values. Radiologically, flattening of the original metacarpal head was found in 20 out of the 34 operated hands. We found better patient satisfaction in the simple hypoplasia group than in the radial longitudinal dysplasia group. The functional outcomes and patients’ satisfaction did not correlate with the age of patients at operation. Level of evidence: IV
Epidemiologic and Outcome Analysis of Epistaxis in a Tertiary Care Center Emergency Department
Authors: Bui Roger , Doan Nicolette , Chaaban Mohamad R. 
Published: September 2019

Background The association between hypertension and recurrent epistaxis is controversial. The objective of this study is to examine the factors associated with recurrent epistaxis visits to the emergency department (ED) and establish an otolaryngology (ENT [ear, nose, and throat]) consult algorithm to optimize treatment and minimize unnecessary consultation. Methods A retrospective review of 100 patients presenting to the ED for epistaxis requiring ENT consult from 2013 to 2018 was conducted. Patient demographics, comorbidities, epistaxis etiology, blood pressure measurements during admission, and treatment methods were analyzed. Patient charts were reviewed for ED admissions, complications, and procedures. A consult algorithm was subsequently devised and retrospectively applied to our cohort. Results Patients who required more than one ED visit for epistaxis were more often males (77.8% vs 49.3%, P = .01), required posterior packing (51.9% vs 17 .8%, P < .001), and had more comorbid hypertension (66.7% vs 38.4%, P = .01) compared to patients who had 1 visit. Compared to patients presenting during summer and fall (May–October), patients presenting during winter and spring (November–April) were more often treated for anterior epistaxis with Surgicel®/Surgifoam® rather than posterior nasal packing (57.4% vs 37.0%, P = .04). Application of our consult algorithm decreased consultation by 78% and liberated 58.5 hours of ENT resident time. Conclusion Patients with recurrent epistaxis tended to be male and had more comorbid hypertension. Further prospective studies are warranted to ascertain the factors associated with recurrent epistaxis. Our consult algorithm for epistaxis helped reduce unnecessary ENT consultation and facilitated reallocation of valuable resident work hours.
Intra‐procedural and delayed bleeding after resection of large colorectal lesions: The SCALP study
Authors: Amato Arnaldo , Radaelli Franco , Correale Loredana , Di Giulio Emilio , Buda Andrea , Cennamo Vincenzo , Fuccio Lorenzo , Devani Massimo , Tarantino Ottaviano , Fiori Giancarla , De Nucci Germana , De Bellis Mario , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro ,   Bowell Group
Published: September 2019

Background and aimThe safety of endoscopic resection of large colorectal lesions (LCLs) (≥20 mm) is clinically relevant. The aim of the present study was to assess the rate of post‐resection adverse events (AEs) in a real‐life setting.Patients and methodsIn a prospective, multicentre, observational study, data from consecutive resections of LCLs over a 6‐month period were collected in 24 centres. Patients were followed up at 15 days from resection for AEs. The primary endpoint was intra‐procedural bleeding according to lesion morphology. Secondary endpoints were delayed bleeding and perforation. Patient and polyp characteristics, and polypectomy techniques were analysed with respect to the bleeding events.ResultsIn total, 1504 patients (female/male: 633/871, mean age, 66.1) with 1648 LCLs (29.1% pedunculated and 70.9% non‐pedunculated lesions) were included. Overall, 168 (11.2%) patients had post‐resection bleeding (8.5 and 2.0% immediate and delayed, respectively), while 15 (1.0%) cases of perforation occurred. Independent predictors of immediate bleeding for pedunculated lesions were bleeding prophylaxis (odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.62), simple polypectomy (versus endoscopic mucosal resection, OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.88) and inpatient setting (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.07–5.08), while bleeding prophylaxis (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.30–0.98), academic setting (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12–0.54) and size (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05) were predictors for those non‐pedunculated. Indication for colonoscopy (screening versus diagnostic (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.86)), antithrombotic therapy (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54–6.39) and size (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.12–4.87) independently predicted delayed bleeding.ConclusionsA low rate of post‐resection AEs was observed in a real‐life setting, reassuring as to the safety of endoscopic resection of ≥2 cm colorectal lesions. Bleeding prophylaxis reduced the intra‐procedural bleeding risk, while antithrombotic therapy increased delayed bleeding.CLINICALTRIAL: (NCT02694120).
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of late acute and NIH chronic GVHD between Japanese and white patients
Authors: Inamoto Yoshihiro , White Jennifer , Ito Reiko , Martin Paul J. , Fatobene Giancarlo , Ito Ayumu , Tanaka Takashi , Kurosawa Saiko , Kim Sung-Won , Bar Merav , Sorror Mohamed L. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Lee Stephanie J. , Fukuda Takahiro , Flowers Mary E. D. 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Late acute and chronic GVHD are experienced differently across the races in terms of incidence, sites, severities, and clinical outcomes. Japanese patients have more frequent liver and less frequent gastrointestinal involvement with late acute and NIH chronic GVHD.
Helping consumers to overcome information overload with a diversified online review subset
Authors: Jin Zhang , Zhangwen Weng , Naichen Ni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRedundant online reviews often have a negative impact on the efficiency of consumers’ decision-making in their online shopping. A feasible solution for business analytics is to select a review subset from the original review corpus for consumers, which is called review selection. This study aims to address the diversified review selection problem, and proposes an effective review selection approach called Simulated Annealing-Diversified Review Selection (SA-DRS) that considers the semantic relationship of review features and the content diversity of selected reviews simultaneously. SA-DRS first constructs a feature taxonomy by utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model and the Word2vec model to measure the topic relation and word context relation. Based on the established feature taxonomy, the similarity between each pair of reviews is defined and the review quality is estimated as well. Finally, diversified, high-quality reviews are selected heuristically by SA-DRS in the spirit of the simulated annealing method, forming the selected review subset. Extensive experiments are conducted on real-world e-commerce platforms to demonstrate the effectiveness of SA-DRS compared to other extant review selection approaches.
Alcohol consumption in Austrian physicians
Authors: Pjrek Edda , Silberbauer Leo , Kasper Siegfried , Winkler Dietmar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol is one of the leading exogenous causes for adverse health consequences in Europe. The aim of the present study was to examine the pattern of alcohol consumption in Austrian physicians.MethodsA telephone survey was conducted in 400 office-based physicians in Austria. Our questionnaire included the four questions of the CAGE questionnaire and questions to assess alcohol consumption on the previous day.Results131 participants (32.8%) completed the interview. 3.8% of the subjects had a CAGE score of 2 or higher indicating a problem with alcohol, but this rate was not statistically different from numbers reported for the general population (4.1%). 46.6% of our subjects had drunken alcohol on the previous day. Compared to the general population, the rate of having drunk alcohol yesterday was higher in both gender of our sample, but the amount of alcohol drunk was significantly lower. Doctors in rural areas had drunken alcohol more frequently and in greater quantities on the previous day than those in urban areas. There was a positive correlation between age and the amount of drinking on the previous day, and between age and CAGE scores. Furthermore, subjects who had consumed alcohol yesterday obtained higher scores on the CAGE.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the rate of Austrian physicians with problematic alcohol consumption is similar to the general population. Physicians in rural areas and older doctors might be of higher risk for alcohol abuse.
Corporations’ use and misuse of evidence to influence health policy: a case study of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation
Authors: Fooks Gary Jonas , Williams Simon , Box Graham , Sacks Gary 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are a major source of sugar in the diet. Although trends in consumption vary across regions, in many countries, particularly LMICs, their consumption continues to increase. In response, a growing number of governments have introduced a tax on SSBs. SSB manufacturers have opposed such taxes, disputing the role that SSBs play in diet-related diseases and the effectiveness of SSB taxation, and alleging major economic impacts. Given the importance of evidence to effective regulation of products harmful to human health, we scrutinised industry submissions to the South African government’s consultation on a proposed SSB tax and examined their use of evidence.ResultsCorporate submissions were underpinned by several strategies involving the misrepresentation of evidence. First, references were used in a misleading way, providing false support for key claims. Second, raw data, which represented a pliable, alternative evidence base to peer reviewed studies, was misused to dispute both the premise of targeting sugar for special attention and the impact of SSB taxes on SSB consumption. Third, purposively selected evidence was used in conjunction with other techniques, such as selective quoting from studies and omitting important qualifying information, to promote an alternative evidential narrative to that supported by the weight of peer-reviewed research. Fourth, a range of mutually enforcing techniques that inflated the effects of SSB taxation on jobs, public revenue generation, and gross domestic product, was used to exaggerate the economic impact of the tax. This “hyperbolic accounting” included rounding up figures in original sources, double counting, and skipping steps in economic modelling.ConclusionsOur research raises fundamental questions concerning the bona fides of industry information in the context of government efforts to combat diet-related diseases. The beverage industry’s claims against SSB taxation rest on a complex interplay of techniques, that appear to be grounded in evidence, but which do not observe widely accepted approaches to the use of either scientific or economic evidence. These techniques are similar, but not identical, to those used by tobacco companies and highlight the problems of introducing evidence-based policies aimed at managing the market environment for unhealthful commodities.
Movement and heart rate in the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos)
Authors: Blanchet Leslie , Fuchs Boris , Støen Ole-Gunnar , Bergouignan Audrey , Ordiz Andrés , Laske Timothy G. , Arnemo Jon M. , Evans Alina L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Understanding animal movement facilitates better management and conservation. The link between movement and physiology holds clues to the basic drivers of animal behaviours. In bears, heart rate increases with the metabolic rate during the active phase. Their movement and heart rate change at seasonal and daily scales, and can also depend on environmental factors. Their behaviour is, therefore, flexible in activity patterns with high individual variations. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between heart rate and distance travelled, and test whether this relationship was influenced by environmental (e.g., time of year and time of day) and biological (e.g., reproductive status, sex, body mass and age of the bears) factors. We analysed data of distance travelled and heart rate of 15 GPS-collared brown bears, both males and females, equipped with cardiac loggers in the south of Sweden in 2014–2017.

Results
Heart rate increased with distances travelled exceeding 50 m in an hour, but this correlation depended on the day-of-year with higher heart rate in August than in May. Bears accompanied by cubs had lower heart rate than solitary bears especially in May. When movement was minimum (< 50 m in an hour), heart rate was not related to distance travelled and was very variable, regardless of the months.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that heart rate increases with long distances travelled, but varies with day-of-year and reproductive status, depending on the metabolic rate. Studying the change in heart rate in bears can help to evaluate their seasonal rhythms and how different factors affect them. This study illustrates the usefulness of combined bio-logging proxies, i.e., movement and heart rates in our case, in animal ecology.
Use of Twitter across educational settings: a review of the literature
Authors: Malik Aqdas , Heyman-Schrum Cassandra , Johri Aditya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe use of social media across the educational landscape is on the rise. Subsequently, the body of research on this topic is vibrant and growing. In this article, we present findings from a review of 103 peer-reviewed scientific studies published over the last decade (2007–2017) that address the use of Twitter for educational purposes across formal and informal settings. The majority of the studies reported in the literature are descriptive case studies carried out with students in North American and European higher education settings. Analysis of these studies signals Twitter as a useful tool for communication due to high accessibility, novelty, and real-time format. Students, teachers, and other stakeholders use it as a pedagogical tool to gain information, interact and engage with each other, participate in their respective communities of interests, and share their insights about specific topics. Moreover, Twitter has the potential to enhance students’ learning capabilities as well as improve their motivation and engagement due to its unique features and non-traditional teaching approach. Finally, our analysis advocates for carrying out further empirical studies focusing on digital trace data and inference, particularly in the developing countries.