bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of violence prevention strategies on perceptions of workplace safety: A study of medical‐surgical and mental health nurses
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura , Lee Seung Eun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore associations between specific violence prevention strategies and nurses’ perceptions of workplace safety in medical‐surgical and mental health settings.BackgroundWorkplace violence is on the rise globally. Nurses have the highest risk of violence due to the nature of their work. Violence rates are particularly high among USA and Canadian nurses. Although multiple violence prevention strategies are currently in place in public healthcare organizations in British Columbia, Canada, it is unknown whether these approaches are associated with nurses’ perceptions of workplace safety.DesignThis is an exploratory correlational design using secondary data.MethodsUsing data obtained from a province‐wide survey of nurses between March 2017 ‐ January 2018, this study included 771 nurses from medical‐surgical and 189 nurses from mental health settings. Data were analysed using ordinal logistic regressions.ResultsFor medical‐surgical and mental health nurses, greater perceptions of workplace safety were related to employers listening to them with respect to violence prevention strategies. Nurses in both settings were more likely to feel safe when they were not expected to physically intervene during a code white situation. Medical‐surgical nurses were more likely to feel safe when code white incident reviews were conducted and fixed alarms were used. Mental health nurses were more likely to report feeling safe when they had enough properly trained code white responders on their unit.ConclusionNurse‐employer engagement is critical to nurses’ perceptions of feeling safe at work. Engagement opportunities include nurses’ involvement in discussions about appropriate violence prevention strategies, collaborative debriefing after violent incidents and co‐development and updates of patients’ behavioural care plans.
Antimicrobial activity of the biopolymer chitosan against Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Beck Benjamin H. , Yildirim‐Aksoy Mediha , Shoemaker Craig A. , Fuller Sidney Adam , Peatman Eric 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe antimicrobial activity and mode of action of chitosan were evaluated against Streptococcus iniae, a pathogenic Gram‐positive bacterium of fish worldwide. Cell proliferation kinetics were examined following exposure to varying concentrations of chitosan. The action of chitosan on S. iniae was also investigated by measuring agglutination activity, conductivity, and extracellular and intracellular bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Chitosan exhibited antibacterial activity against S. iniae at concentrations of 0.1% and above and was lethal at a concentration of 0.4% and higher. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of chitosan at the inhibitory level of bacterial growth appears to hinge upon the interaction between chitosan and the oppositely charged bacterial surface. This interplay causes agglutination, which was readily observed grossly and microscopically. After interacting with the cell surface via adsorption, an efflux of intracellular ATP was documented, which suggests that chitosan disrupts the bacterial cell causing leakage of cytosolic contents and ultimately cell death. Results suggest chitosan may be worth evaluating as a natural alternative to antibiotic against S. iniae infection of fish.
Is echocardiography necessary for all single umbilical artery fetuses? A retrospective study in a selected Chinese population
Authors: Wang Jian , Ye Yujiao , Xin Tiantian , Zhang Xi , Chen Sun , Wu Yurong , Sun Kun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimPrevious evidence on the relationship between single umbilical artery (SUA) and congenital heart disease (CHD) is controversial. We thus conducted a retrospective study to explore the potential risk factors associated with CHD in SUA fetuses, and verify if all these SUA fetuses should be referred for detail fetal echocardiography.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of SUA fetuses referred to Xinhua Hospital for fetal echocardiography between September 2009 and February 2014. All the pregnancies were divided into two groups of CHD and non‐CHD according to the results of fetal echocardiography. The maternal and fetal characteristics were compared via χ2 test and Fishers’ test. Furthermore, Poisson regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with CHD in SUA pregnancies.ResultsNineteen CHD cases (12.5%) were detected among 152 SUA fetuses, all with abnormal cardiac views during obstetric screening ultrasound (P < 0.001). χ2 test showed that abnormal cardiac screening findings, extracardiac abnormality and infection or threatened abortion during first trimester were significantly associated with prenatal detection of CHD (P < 0.001). Multivariable Poisson regression after adjustment found that SUA fetuses with extracardiac abnormality had 4.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.89, 11.90) times higher risk of CHD.ConclusionIncidence of CHD was higher in SUA cases, and CHD fetuses could be screened efficiently by abnormal cardiac screening during obstetric screening ultrasound. SUA fetuses with extracardiac abnormality and maternal risk factors have higher risk of CHD, and should be strongly recommended for fetal echocardiography. In contrast, SUA fetuses without above situations might only need routine obstetric follow‐up.
Hyperuricemia is associated with acute kidney injury and all‐cause mortality in hospitalized patients
Authors: Kang Min Woo , Chin Ho Jun , Joo Kwon‐Wook , Na Ki Young , Kim Sejoong , Han Seung Seok 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAimHyperuricemia is a risk factor for high morbidity and mortality in several diseases. However, the relationship between uric acid (UA) and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality remain unresolved in hospitalized patients.MethodsData from 18 444 hospitalized patients were retrospectively reviewed. The odds ratio (OR) for AKI and the hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause mortality were calculated based on the UA quartiles after adjustment for multiple variables. All analyses were performed after stratification by sex.ResultsThe fourth quartile group (male, UA > 6.7 mg/dL; female, UA > 5.4 mg/dL) showed a higher risk of AKI compared with the first quartile group (male, UA < 4.5 mg/dL; female, UA < 3.6 mg/dL), with the following OR: 3.2 (2.55–4.10) in males (P < 0.001); and 3.1 (2.40–4.19) in females (P < 0.001). There were more patients who did not recover from AKI in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile, with the following OR: 2.0 (1.32–3.04) in males (P = 0.001) and 2.4 (1.43–3.96) in females (P = 0.001). The fourth quartile group had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the first quartile group, with the following HR: 1.4 (1.20–1.58) in males (P < 0.001) and 1.2 (1.03–1.46) in females (P = 0.019). The in‐hospital mortality risk was also higher in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile, which was significant only in males (OR, 2.1 (1.33–3.31) (P = 0.002)).ConclusionHyperuricemia increases the risks of AKI and all‐cause mortality in hospitalized patients.
Treatment of obesity in older persons—A systematic review
Authors: Haywood Cilla , Sumithran Priya 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe study aims to systematically review the available evidence regarding weight loss interventions (lifestyle, surgical, and pharmacological) for obesity in adults aged over 60 years. A search of prospective, randomized studies took place in January 2018, on Medline (Web of Science) and PubMed databases. Search terms included the following: elderly, obese, hypocaloric, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Abstracts were screened for eligibility. A total of 256 publications regarding lifestyle interventions were identified; of these, 69 studies were eligible. As no eligible studies were identified for pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery, the search was broadened to include non‐ randomized studies. Four pharmacotherapy and 66 surgery studies were included. Lifestyle intervention had similar weight loss efficacy in older compared with younger people, with positive effects on a number of relevant outcomes, including physical function and cardiovascular parameters. There was little data regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older persons. The available data for bariatric surgery indicate comparable weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes, with similar or slightly higher complication rates in older compared with younger people. Older age alone should not be considered a contraindication to intensive lifestyle or surgical intervention for obesity. There are insufficient data to guide clinical decisions regarding obesity pharmacotherapy in older people.
The Clinical Features of Painful Small‐Fiber Neuropathy Suggesting an Origin Linked to Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Zouari Hela G. , Wahab Abir , Ng Wing Tin Sophie , Sène Damien , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe attempted to determine whether clinical features could differentiate painful small‐fiber neuropathy related to primary Sj€ogren's syndrome (pSS‐SFN) from idiopathic SFN (idio‐SFN).MethodsValidated clinical questionnaires and neurophysiological investigations specific for pain and SFN assessment were performed in 25 patients with pSS‐SFN and 25 patients with idio‐SFN.ResultsPatients with idio‐SFN had more frequent severe burning sensations and higher mean anxiety scores and daily pain intensity compared to patients with pSSSFN. Conversely, patients with pSS‐SFN had reduced electrochemical skin conductance measured by Sudoscan_, and almost half of them had the sensation of walking on cotton wool.ConclusionOur results suggest that idio‐SFN more specifically involved small sensory fibers than pSS‐SFN, in which subtle dysfunction of larger sensory fibers and damage of distal autonomic sudomotor innervation may occur. A practical algorithm is proposed to help to differentiate SFN associated with pSS from idio‐SFN, based on information very easy to obtain by clinical interview.
Comunidades de práctica como marco comprensivo del talento docente
Authors: Barrios-Martínez Darcy Milena , Zuluaga-Ocampo Zulma Patricia , García-Cepero María Caridad , Gómez-Hernández Félix Antonio , Santamaría Andrea , Castro-Fajardo Laura Estefanía , Sánchez-Vallejo Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación Rutas de emergencia del talento docente, cuyo objetivo principal fue identificar y examinar factores asociados a la emergencia del talento de docentes que hacían uso pedagógico sobresaliente de las tecnologías. Se emplearon entrevistas y grupos focales, cuyo análisis destaca el trabajo en Comunidades de Práctica (CoP) como ecosistema fundamental para la emergencia del talento docente; la experiencia pedagógica es el eje cohesionador. Además, la multiafiliación se revela como una dinámica que amplía las posibilidades de negociación de significados sobre la experiencia, y como proceso que incide en la construcción de identidad docente.
A Verified Non-Linear Regression Model for Elastic Stiffness Estimates of Finite Composite Domains Considering Combined Effects of Volume Fractions, Shapes, Orientations, Locations, and Number of Multiple Inclusions
Authors: Hage Ilige S. , Seif Charbel Y. , Hage Ré-Mi , Hamade Ramsey F. 
Published: January 2019

A non-linear regression model using SAS/STAT (JMP® software; Proc regression module) is developed for estimating the elastic stiffness of finite composite domains considering the combined effects of volume fractions, shapes, orientations, inclusion locations, and number of multiple inclusions. These estimates are compared to numerical solutions that utilized another developed homogenization methodology by the authors (dubbed the generalized stiffness formulation, GSF) to numerically determine the elastic stiffness tensor of a composite domain having multiple inclusions with various combinations of geometric attributes. For each inclusion, these considered variables represent the inclusions’ combined attributes of volume fraction, aspect ratio, orientation, number of inclusions, and their locations. The GSF methodology’s solutions were compared against literature-reported solutions of simple cases according to such well-known techniques as Mori-Tanaka and generalized self-consistent type methods. In these test cases, the effect of only one variable was considered at a time: volume fraction, aspect ratio, or orientation (omitting the number and locations of inclusions). For experimental corroboration of the numerical solutions, testing (uniaxial compression) was performed on test cases of 3D printed test cubes.
The regression equation returns estimates of the composite’s ratio of normalized longitudinal modulus (E11) to that of the matrix modulus (Em) or E11/Em when considering any combination of all of the aforementioned inclusions’ variables. All parameters were statistically analyzed with the parameters retained are only those deemed statistically significant (p-values less than 0.05). Values returned by the regression stiffness formulation solutions were compared against values returned by the GSF formulation numerical and against the experimentally found stiffness values. Results show good agreement between the regression model estimates as compared with both numerical and experimental results.
Design and Integration of High Temperature Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage for High Power Levels
Authors: Johnson Maike , Hachmann Bernd , Dengel Andreas J. , Fiß Michael , Hempel Matthias , Bauer Dan 
Published: January 2019

A latent heat thermal energy storage unit is being integrated into a heat- and power cogeneration plant in Saarland, Germany. This storage unit system will act as an intermediate backup to a heat recovery steam generator and gas turbine and is therefore situated in parallel to this unit, also between the feedwater pumps and the steam main. The steam required is superheated, with a nominal thermal power of 6 MW. The storage unit needs to provide steam for at least 15 minutes, resulting in a minimum capacity of 1.5 MWh. Integration of this storage unit will increase efficiency and decrease fossil fuel use by reducing the use of a conventional backup boiler, while maintaining the steam supply to the customer.
The detailed design and a partial build of the storage unit has to-date been successfully concluded, as well as system design and build. Hot and cold commissioning of the storage unit, including filling of the storage unit, will commence following the completion of the storage unit. With the integration of this storage unit, fossil fuel use will be reduced in this power plant. Additionally, the production of superheated steam at a high power level in a latent heat storage unit and a comparison with simulation tools will be possible. This project includes the design, build, commissioning and testing of the storage unit. The paper discusses the detailed design of the storage and system, including the simulations of the system integration.
Finite Element Simulation of Cracks Propagation in Rolling Contact Applications With and Without Coating Applied in Industrial Field
Authors: Nehme Gabi , Al Esber Monzer 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is mainly about preventing crack initiation and propagation in rolling contact under moderate and extreme loading through coating technology using finite element simulation and design of experiment (DOE) optimization techniques. Several applications of rolling contact were conducted and the parameters related to rollers’ materials, coating, temperature, and loads were investigated.
M50 steels (0.8C-4.2Cr-4.3Mo-1V wt.%) and 100CrMnMo8 steel (1.0C-2.0Cr-0.5Mo-1.0Mn-0.5Si wt.%) were analyzed with and without titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN) and tungsten carbide (WC) coatings under different temperature and loading conditions. Results showed that cracks propagation were limited to extreme load when using coating technology. A fully three-dimensional finite element model showed the Von Mises stresses and displacement under different temperatures. Findings confirmed that coating will enhance the lifetime of rollers and inhibit cracks and plastic deformation with better contribution from TiN under extreme pressure if compared to WC. DOE optimization of the parameter used in this study correlate closely with previous experiments and provided a solid conclusion of the best combination in rolling contact applications.
Estimation Method of 3D Position of Guidewire in Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Yamamoto Hirohito , Mori Koji , Saito Takashi , Kadowaki Hiroko 
Published: January 2019

Intravascular treatment is known as one of effective treatment methods for cerebral aneurysms. One problem of this therapy is that an intravascular treatment device unexpectedly moves and a tip of the device strongly contacts on a vessel wall. This unexpected movement of the device causes vascular injury. In actual treatment, 2D X-ray image is used. It is difficult for an operator to estimate 3D position of the device from the 2D X-ray image. In this study, we propose estimation methods for 3D position of devices using a X-ray image and a 3D blood vessel model.
At the first step of estimation procedure, a 3D position of X-ray image, a 3D blood vessel model and X-ray source (Xs) are determined by 2D/3D registration method. The actual 3D position of the device tip (P) is placed on the straight line between Xs and P. Moreover, its position is limited within the 3D vessel model. From characteristics, the 3D position of the device tip is estimated. In this study, two methods to estimate the 3D position of the device are proposed. First: A closest point to the straight line from the center line of the blood vessel model is defined as the position in 3D space of the guidewire (one-point estimation method). Second: A mean value of points on the straight line inside the blood vessel model is defined as the position in 3D space of the guidewire (average estimation method). The accuracy of estimation methods depends on angle of X-ray irradiation. In this study, the relationship between the accuracy of estimation methods and the angle of X-ray irradiation. The estimation accuracy was investigated using numerical calculation.
In the case of a simple blood vessel shape, the error of the estimation was proportional to the angular difference between an ideal and an actual. The errors of the estimated arc length parameter at the ideal angle of X-ray irradiation were 0.002 mm and 0.078 mm, respectively. This result shows that this method is effective for simple blood vessel shape. In future work, other factors to affect the accuracy are also investigated.
Effect of Hold-Time Interspersed With Cyclic Loading on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of a Steel in Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Sampath Dhinakaran 
Published: January 2019

Corrosion fatigue growth behavior of structural steels at low cyclic frequency is characterized by an increase in crack growth rate in the threshold and Paris regions, due to the simultaneous action of cyclic mechanical load (fatigue) and corrosive environment. Knowledge on the effect of load sequence on corrosion fatigue crack growth is important to set out the realistic design and prognosis criteria for components operating under corrosive environments.
In this study, the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate under the effect of hold-time (1000s), at a maximum stress intensity factor (Kmax), interspersed during cyclic load on was studied experimentally on a Mn-Ni-Cr steel under 3.5% NaCl solution at a constant stress intensity factor range (ΔK) of 15 MPa √m; the corrosion crack growth rate was evaluated for three different frequencies of: 0.01, 0.1 and 1 Hz. As a result of hold time at the peak load, the exposure time for the crack-tip to interact with the environment increased, which could enhance the corrosion crack growth rates. To verify if this corrosion effect can be contained, electrode potential of (−) 850 mV and (−) 950 mV SCE was applied to the specimen to reduce the extent of corrosion contribution to crack growth rate.
The fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) increased when the frequency was decreased from 1 to 0.01 Hz at all electrode potentials. However, the crack growth rate at 0.01 Hz increased by an order of magnitude with a tensile hold at Kmax for 1000 s compared with the crack growth rate during continuous cyclic load for a given electrode potential. The crack growth rate reduced when the electrode potential was decreased to −950 mV SCE. The enhancement of corrosion fatigue crack growth rate with the introduction of a hold-time is explained using crack-tip strain rate assisted anodic dissolution.
Localized Fatigue Response Evaluation of Weld Regions Through Cyclic Indentation Studies
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Madhavan Krishna , Prakash Anirudh R. , Dhaka Pankaj 
Published: January 2019

An experimental investigation of the fatigue response of commonly used structural stainless steel — SS 304 L(N) and SS 316 L(N) — and its weld was carried out through automated cyclic ball indentation (ABI). A Tungsten Carbide (WC) spherical ball indenter of 1.57 mm diameter was used for compression-compression fatigue testing of the specimen under load control at a low frequency of loading (typically 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz). The force-displacement response during fatigue loading was logged continuously during fatigue test and the data was analyzed to extract details such as variations in: total depth of penetration, loading and unloading slopes, loading/unloading intercept, displacement range as a function of number of cycles. From the results, one could identify an unsteady response of material during cyclic loading after some cycles of fatigue loading — typical of failure; this input was used to compare the fatigue response of different zones of the weld.
Even though the applied frequency of loading is relatively less (∼ 1 Hz), due to the high levels of plastic deformation that is developed during the indentation process, one could expect an effect of strain rate on the fatigue response during cyclic ball indentation. To verify this, experiments were carried out at three distinct frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz for a given loading condition. Further, it was observed that the material response in weld region is the best, followed by the base metal. This can be corroborated with the weld microstructure that is obtained as a consequence of processing. Frequency of loading did not have significant influence on the fatigue failure life.
Numerical simulation of cyclic ball indentation was carried out to extract some relevant parameters for failure life such as mean stress and local stress ratio. This will serve as input to correlation of failure life data obtained from conventional specimens.