bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐ and Long‐Term Impact of an Undergraduate Suicidology Course
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Thoen Sophia K. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveSuicide prevention models emphasize the importance of education as a foundational element for success. Yet, courses on suicidology are rare and those that do exist focus on clinical intervention skills at the graduate level, missing a critical population of undergraduate students. The current study evaluated the short and long‐term impact of a semester long liberal education undergraduate course in suicidology.MethodStudents enrolled in either the experimental (Understanding Suicide) or control course completed pre‐ post‐ and 4‐month follow‐up surveys assessing objective knowledge about suicide, suicide stigma, attitudes towards suicidal persons, and suicide prevention advocacy.ResultsMixed repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated significant interactions between course enrollment over time for all the outcome variables. Students in the suicidology course showed significant pre‐ to post‐ increases in knowledge and suicide prevention advocacy, alongside reductions in suicide stigma and negative attitudes compared to students in the control course, who showed no significant pre‐/post changes. All effects were maintained over time.ConclusionProviding general education undergraduate courses in suicidology may be an important avenue for building a motivated and informed public that can sustain suicide prevention efforts in their communities.
Handgrip strength, inflammatory markers, and mortality
Authors: Smith Lee , Yang Lin , Hamer Mark 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo investigate the extent to which inflammatory markers explain the association between handgrip strength and mortality.MethodsAnalyses of data from The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Handgrip strength and inflammatory marker data (C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen) were collected at baseline (2004/5) and inflammatory marker data at follow‐up (2012/13). Participant data were linked with death records. General linear models were used to explore associations between handgrip strength and inflammatory markers at follow‐up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine associations between grip strength and risk of death. Models were estimated with the covariates age, sex, wealth, physical activity, smoking, depressive symptoms, long‐standing illness, and adiposity.ResultsThe sample comprised of 5,240 participants (mean age 65.9 (SD 9.4) years; 53.8% female). Over an average 9.7 ± 1.4 years follow‐up, there were 650 deaths. Inverse associations were evident between handgrip strength and change in inflammatory markers in women only. There was an association between grip strength and lower risk of mortality in women (hazard ratio = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74, 0.98) after adjusting for age and wealth. The association was attenuated after adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors (0.92; 0.79, 1.07), and further attenuated after adjusting for inflammatory markers (0.95; 0.82, 1.11).ConclusionHigher grip strength is associated with lower levels of inflammation at 8‐year follow‐up, and inflammatory markers partly explained the association between handgrip strength and mortality.
Platelets stored in whole blood at 4°C: in vivo posttransfusion platelet recoveries and survivals and in vitro hemostatic function
Authors: Slichter Sherrill J. , Fitzpatrick Lynda , Osborne Barbara , Christoffel Todd , Gettinger Irena , Pellham Esther , Bailey S. Lawrence , Jones Mary Kay , Herzig Maryanne C. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDOrdinarily, whole blood (WB) is separated into components before storage. We assessed the posttransfusion viability and function of platelets (PLTs) if they were stored within WB at 4°C.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWhole blood was obtained from 30 normal subjects and stored at 4°C without agitation for 12 days and for 10, 15, or 22 days with agitation. After WB storage, a PLT concentrate was prepared, and a fresh PLT sample was obtained from each donor. The stored PLTs were labeled with 111In and the fresh with 51Cr, and both were simultaneously transfused into their donor. Blood samples were obtained after transfusion to determine PLT recoveries and survivals. PLT samples from WB before and after storage were also assayed for PLT function and biochemistry.RESULTSAfter storage for 12 days without WB rotation, poststorage PLT counts averaged only 49 ± 12% of baseline values. After storage for 10, 15, or 22 days with end‐over‐end WB rotation, PLT counts averaged 76 ± 14% of baseline values. Fifteen‐day poststorage radiolabeled PLT recoveries averaged 27 ± 11% (49 ± 16% of fresh), and survivals averaged 1.2 ± 0.4 days (16 ± 6% of fresh). in vitro assays demonstrated marked PLT activation after any storage time, and although PLT function decreased over time, stored PLTs were still considered acceptable.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that, during rotated WB storage at 4°C for up to 15 days, PLT yields, poststorage PLT recoveries and survivals, and PLT function should be sufficient to support the short‐term hemostatic needs of traumatized patients.
The localization of a conjunctivoscleral foreign body via high‐resolution microscopy coil magnetic resonance imaging in a dog
Authors: Lavaud Arnold , Lautenschläger Ines E. , Voelter Katrin , Ivan Daniel , Dennler Matthias , Pot Simon A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 3‐year‐old French bulldog was presented to the ophthalmology service of the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich with a 3‐day history of conjunctival swelling of the left eye (OS). Ophthalmologic examination revealed a moderate conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis. A migrating foreign body having entered the conjunctival fornix behind the nictitating membrane was suspected. Within the first 24 hours of medical management, OS developed a panuveitis and a scleral perforation was highly suspected. Ocular and orbital ultrasound as well as conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations failed to confirm the presence of a perforating foreign body. A High‐Resolution MRI (HR‐MRI) using a microscopy coil was then performed with findings consistent with a perforating and migrating foreign body. A grass awn of 12 mm length was surgically retrieved “ab externo” from its’ point of entry into the sclera. To the best of our knowledge, HR‐MRI has not yet been used to examine canine eyes. This case report supports the idea that orbital imaging can be greatly enhanced with the introduction of HR‐MRI using microscopy coils with clinically relevant implications.
Evidence‐Based Practice Competence in Nursing Students: An Exploratory Study With Important Implications for Educators
Authors: Lam Christina K. , Schubert Carolyn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based practice (EBP) is a core pillar of nursing education and an expectation in clinical practice. Students struggle to conceptualize the use of EBP into actual clinical practice despite the development of EBP competencies.AimsThis study explored perceptions of EBP education and competence in baccalaureate students using Melnyk's (Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 11, 2014 and 5) EBP competencies for practicing registered nurses as a basis for comparison.MethodsThe researchers used a sequential, mixed‐methods design. A survey was developed to assess information sources and patterns of use, and semistructured interviews explored factors affecting students’ understanding of EBP and information‐seeking behaviors in the clinical setting.FindingsThere were 118 participants in the survey and 12 in follow‐up interviews. A major theme was that participants had difficulties distinguishing between EBP and research. Students were able to identify experiences that fostered attainment of basic EBP competencies, such as searching for evidence, but were less able to describe higher‐order activities such as integrating evidence to plan EBP changes or disseminating best practices.Linking Evidence to ActionClinical learning environments are an ideal place to apply and see EBP in action, but nurse educators cannot assume students arrive ready to apply EBP knowledge and skills to clinical practice. Nurse educators need evidence‐based tools to assess student EBP competence across a variety of settings. Research examining the generalizability of the EBP competencies in varying curricular models as well as didactic and clinical settings is needed.
Association of income and health-related quality of life in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Guhl Emily , Althouse Andrew , Sharbaugh Michael , Pusateri Alexandra M , Paasche-Orlow Michael , Magnani Jared W 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a patient-centred benchmark promoted by clinical guidelines in atrial fibrillation (AF). Income is associated with health outcomes, but how income effects HRQoL in AF has limited investigation.MethodsWe enrolled a convenience cohort with AF receiving care at a regional healthcare system and assessed demographics, medical history, AF treatment, income, education and health literacy. We defined income as a categorical variable (<$20 000; $20 000–$49 999; $50 000–$99 999; >$100 000). We used two complementary HRQoL measures: (1) the atrial fibrillation effect on quality of life (AFEQT), measuring composite and domain scores (daily activity, symptoms, treatment concerns, treatment satisfaction; range 0–100); (2) the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), measuring general HRQoL with physical and mental health domains (range 0–100). We related income to HRQoL and adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsIn 295 individuals with AF (age 71±10, 40% women), we observed significant differences in HRQoL by income. Higher mean composite AFEQT scores were observed for higher income groups: participants with income <$20 000 had the lowest HRQoL (n=35, 68.2±21.4), and those with income >$100 000 had the highest HRQoL (n=64, 81.9±17.0; p=0.04). We also observed a significant difference by income in the AFEQT daily activity domain (p=0.02). Lower income was also associated with lower HRQoL in the mental health composite score of the SF-12 (59.7±21.5, income <$20 000 vs 79.3±16.3, income >$100 000; p<0.01).ConclusionWe determined that income was associated with HRQoL in a cohort with prevalent AF. Given the marked differences, we consider income as essential for understanding patient-centred outcomes in AF.
Dark matter gravity waves at LIGO and LISA
Authors: Frampton Paul H. 
Published: April 2019

We study the merger rate of dark matter PIMBHs (Primordial Intermediate Mass Black Holes). We conclude that the black holes observed by LIGO in GW150914 and later events were probably not dark matter PIMBHs but rather the result of gravitational collapse of very massive stars. To study the PIMBHs by gravitational radiation will require a detector sensitive to frequencies below 10 Hz and otherwise more sensitive than LIGO. The LISA detector, expected to come online in 2034, will be useful at frequencies below 1 Hz but further gravitational wave detectors beyond LISA, sensitive up to 10 Hz, and higher strain sensitivity will be necessary to fully study dark matter.
Features of the edge photoconductivity of gamma-irradiated layered crystals GaS and GaS:Yb under the strong electric field
Authors: Madatov R. S. , Alekperov A. S. , Gadzhieva N. N. , Asadov F. G. , Allahverdiev Sh. A. , Asadov E. G. , Naghiyev T. G. 
Published: April 2019

The influence of the surface electric field on the edge photoconductivity (PC) in undoped and ytterbium-doped (N[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]) layered GaS crystals at T = 77 K irradiated with gamma quanta was investigated. It was found that the PC of layered crystals in the absorption edge region due to charge exchange of surface levels is formed as a result of electric smoothing of fluctuations in the potential of surface energy bands. The degree of smoothing of the surface bending of the zones depends on the dose of [Formula: see text]-irradiation, the concentration of impurity atoms and also on the magnitude and direction of the transverse electric field.
Thermodynamics kinetics of boron carbide under gamma irradiation dose
Authors: Mirzayev Matlab , Demir Ertugrul , Mammadov Khagani , Mehdiyeva Ravan , Jabarov Sakin , Tugrul A. Beril , Biira Sapina , Tiep Nguyen , Thabethe Thabsile 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, high purity boron carbide samples were irradiated by [Formula: see text]Co gamma radioisotope source (0.27 Gy/s dose rate) with 50, 100, 150 and 200 irradiation hours at room-temperature. The unirradiated and irradiated boron carbide samples were heated from 30[Formula: see text]C to 1000[Formula: see text]C at a heating rate of 5[Formula: see text]C/min under the argon gas atmosphere of flow rate 20 ml/min. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were carried out in order to understand the thermodynamic kinetics of boron carbide samples. The weight kinetics, activation energy and specific heat capacity of the unirradiated and irradiated boron carbide samples were examined in two parts, T [Formula: see text] 650[Formula: see text]C and T [Formula: see text] 650[Formula: see text]C, according to the temperature. The dynamic of quantitative changes in both ranges is different depending on the irradiation time. While the phase transition of unirradiated boron carbide samples occurs at 902[Formula: see text]C, this value shifts upto 940[Formula: see text]C in irradiated samples depending on the irradiation time. The activation energy of the unirradiated boron carbide samples decreased from 214 to 46 J/mol in the result of 200[Formula: see text]h gamma irradiation. The reduction of the activation energy after the irradiation compared to the initial state shows that the dielectric properties of the irradiated boron carbide samples have been improved. After the gamma irradiation, two energy barrier states depending on the absorption dose of samples were formed in the irradiated samples. The first and second energy barriers occurred in 0.56–0.80 and 0.23–0.36 eV energy intervals, respectively. The existence of two energy levels in the irradiated boron carbide indicates that the point defects are at deep levels, close to the valence band.
IL23-Producing Human Lung Cancer Cells Promote Tumor Growth via Conversion of Innate Lymphoid Cell 1 (ILC1) into ILC3
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Kim Hye Young , Lee Youngha , Park In Kyu , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Tae , Kim Ji-Eun , Choi Murim , Lee Won-Woo , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The plasticity of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has been reported in vitro and in the microenvironment of the intestine. However, whether ILC plasticity contributes to regulation of the tumor microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we explored plasticity of ILCs in human lung cancer.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed immune subsets and cytokine expression in lung cancers freshly obtained from 80 patients and explored conversion of ILC1 into ILC3 in coculture with lung cancer cells. Prognostic effects of converted ILC3 and related pathway were evaluated by retrospective cohort composed of 875 patients with lung cancer.

Results:
Low percentages of ILC1, and high percentages of ILC3 were found in pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) but not adenocarcinomas (ADC). In non–small-cell lung cancers, the percentage of ILC3 was associated with IL23 expression in tumor cells but not immune cells. In cocultures, tumor cells of SqCCs converted ILC1 into ILC3 by producing IL23, thus promoting IL17-mediated tumor cell proliferation. Consistently, among IL17+ immune cells, the percentages of ILCs were higher in SqCCs than ADCs. Furthermore, the numbers of CD3−RORγt+ ILC3, IL17 expression level, and IL23- or IL17RA-expressing tumor cells were associated with short survival of patients with SqCC but not ADC.

Conclusions:
Conversion from ILC1 into ILC3 by IL23-producing SqCCs promotes IL17-mediated tumor progression, resulting in a poor prognosis.
Хірургічне лікування поєднаного оклюзійно-стенотичного ураження екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнового сегмента в умовах високого ризику розвитку реперфузійно-реоксигенаційних ускладнень
Authors: Venher I. K. , Herasymiuk N. I. , Kostiv S. Ya. , Vayda A. R. , Loyko I. I. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: покращити результати хірургічного лікування поєднаного оклюзійно-стенотичного ураження екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнового сегмента в умовах високого ризику розвитку реперфузійно-реоксигенаційних ускладнень.
Матеріали і методи. Оперативні втручання виконано 47 пацієнтам із поєднаним ураженням екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнового артеріального русла в умовах високого ризику розвитку реперфузійно-реоксигенаційних ускладнень. При поєднаному оклюзійно-стенотичному ураженні екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегнового сегмента в умовах ризику розвитку реперфузійно-реоксигенаційних ускладнень відновні операційні втручання необхідно здійснювати одномоментно: перший етап – реваскуляризація естракраніальних артерій, другий – операційне втручання на аорто/клубово-стегновому судинному руслі.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При одномоментній реваскуляризації обох гемодинамічно значимих артеріальних сегментів вдається запобігти розвитку таких ускладнень, як прогресування ішемічних розладів мозкового кровотоку, поглиблення ішемії нижніх кінцівок, вираженої ниркової недостатності та деяких інших грізних реперфузійних ускладнень. Поряд із наведеним, на інтраопераційному етапі та у ранньому післяопераційному періоді діагностували один прояв транзиторної ішемічної атаки (розширене втручання на екстракраніальних судинах), 3 випадки порушення ритму і провідності серцевого м’яза та 2 прояви минущої ниркової недостатності.
Новий погляд на питання діагностики ендогенної інтоксикації у хворих з опіковою травмою
Authors: Savchin V. S. , Ostapiuk L. R. , Voloshinovsky A. S. , Malyi T. S. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: діагностика запальних змін у хворих з опіковою травмою в рамках методу флуоресцентної спектроскопії.
Матеріали і методи. Клінічною базою дослідження сироватки крові (СК) хворих із опіковою травмою було опікове відділення Комунальної міської клінічної лікарні № 8 м. Львова. Експериментальна база – лабораторія люмінесценції кафедри експериментальної фізики Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка. Об’єктами дослідження були 48 проб СК 10 пацієнтів віком від 24 до 58 років (7 чоловічої статі і 3 жіночої) з опіками полум’ям та окропом І-ІІА-ІІБ ступеня загальною площею від 18 до 45 % поверхні тіла, в тому числі голови та шиї.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Вивчено спектри флуоресценції (СФ) СК хворих з опіковою травмою, які являють λ-подібні криві у діапазоні 300 нм <l< 450 нм. Основними показниками, які використано для аналізу СФ СК, є інтенсивність флуоресценції (Iф) та положення максимуму смуги флуоресценції (lmax). Дослідження СК розпочиналися при появі загрозливих ознак щодо розвитку гнійно-септичних ускладнень і проводилося в динаміці з інтервалом 3–8 днів аж до одужання.
Віддалені результати артропластики та ендопротезування ліктьового суглоба у хворих з наслідками травм
Authors: Strafun O. S. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: порівняння функціональних результатів, отриманих від артропластичних процедур та ендопротезування у хворих із наслідками травм ліктьового суглоба.
Матеріали і методи. Під спостереженням перебували 53 пацієнти з тяжкими наслідками травм ліктьового суглоба. Хворі були розділені на 2 групи. Перша група – 39 пацієнтів (73,58 %), яким виконували інтерпозиційну (12 пацієнтів) артропластику та моделюючу резекційну артропластику з одномоментним артролізом без використання інтерпозиційних матеріалів (27 пацієнтів). Другу групу склали 14 пацієнтів (26,42 %) після ендопротезування ліктьового суглоба, яких було обстежено в терміни від 2-х до 9-ти років після операції.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Аналіз віддалених результатів підтвердив, що інтерпозиційна та резекційно-моделююча артропластика є ефективним способом відновлення рухів в ліктьовому суглобі, однак з часом функціональні результати мають тенденцію до погіршення за рахунок збільшення больового синдрому та нестабільності. При виконанні артропластики ліктьового суглоба у хворих із тяжкими наслідками травми ліктьового суглоба відмінні та хороші результати склали 38,1 %, 47,62 % – задовільні та 14,28 % – незадовільні. Ендопротезування ліктьового суглоба є найбільш дієвим засобом в лікуванні тяжких післятравматичних деформацій та анкілозів ліктьового суглоба і дозволяє отримати відмінні та хороші результати лікування в 85,72 % випадків. Оптимальним для лікування тяжких післятравматичних деформацій та анкілозів ліктьового суглоба є використання напіврозімкнутих конструкцій, що дозволяє проводити ранню дозовану активну реабілітацію. Нестабільність ліктьового суглоба, яка спостерігалась у всіх пацієнтів після артропластики та наявність залишкової згинально-розгинальної контрактури ліктьового суглоба є передумовами до швидкого прогресування остеоартрозу.
Aerosol–Cloud–Meteorology Interaction Airborne Field Investigations: Using Lessons Learned from the U.S. West Coast in the Design of ACTIVATE off the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Sorooshian Armin , Anderson Bruce , Bauer Susanne E. , Braun Rachel A. , Cairns Brian , Crosbie Ewan , Dadashazar Hossein , Diskin Glenn , Ferrare Richard , Flagan Richard C. , Hair Johnathan , Hostetler Chris , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Kleb Mary M. , Liu Hongyu , MacDonald Alexander B. , McComiskey Allison , Moore Richard , Painemal David , Russell Lynn M. , Seinfeld John H. , Shook Michael , Smith William L. , Thornhill Kenneth , Tselioudis George , Wang Hailong , Zeng Xubin , Zhang Bo , Ziemba Luke , Zuidema Paquita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report on a multiyear set of airborne field campaigns (2005–16) off the California coast to examine aerosols, clouds, and meteorology, and how lessons learned tie into the upcoming NASA Earth Venture Suborbital (EVS-3) campaign: Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE; 2019–23). The largest uncertainty in estimating global anthropogenic radiative forcing is associated with the interactions of aerosol particles with clouds, which stems from the variability of cloud systems and the multiple feedbacks that affect and hamper efforts to ascribe changes in cloud properties to aerosol perturbations. While past campaigns have been limited in flight hours and the ability to fly in and around clouds, efforts sponsored by the Office of Naval Research have resulted in 113 single aircraft flights (>500 flight hours) in a fixed region with warm marine boundary layer clouds. All flights used nearly the same payload of instruments on a Twin Otter to fly below, in, and above clouds, producing an unprecedented dataset. We provide here i) an overview of statistics of aerosol, cloud, and meteorological conditions encountered in those campaigns and ii) quantification of model-relevant metrics associated with aerosol–cloud interactions leveraging the high data volume and statistics. Based on lessons learned from those flights, we describe the pragmatic innovation in sampling strategy (dual-aircraft approach with combined in situ and remote sensing) that will be used in ACTIVATE to generate a dataset that can advance scientific understanding and improve physical parameterizations for Earth system and weather forecasting models, and for assessing next-generation remote sensing retrieval algorithms.