bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social context hinders humans but not ravens in a short‐term memory task
Authors: Bobrowicz Katarzyna , Osvath Mathias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing resources shared within a social group—either in a cooperative or a competitive way—requires keeping track of own and others’ actions, which, in turn, requires well‐developed short‐term memory. Although short‐term memory has been tested in social mammal species, little is known about this capacity in highly social birds, such as ravens. We compared ravens (Corvus corax) with humans in spatial tasks based on caching, which required short‐term memory of one's own and of others’ actions. Human short‐term memory has been most extensively tested of all social mammal species, hence providing an informative benchmark for the ravens. A recent study on another corvid species (Corvus corone) suggests their capacity to be similar to the humans’, but short‐term memory skills have, to date, not been compared in a social setting. We used spatial setups based on caches of foods or objects, divided into individual and social conditions with two different spatial arrangements of caches (in a row or a 3 × 3 matrix). In each trial, a set of three up to nine caches was presented to an individual that was thereafter allowed to retrieve all items. Humans performed better on average across trials, but their performance dropped, when they had to keep track of partner's actions. This differed in ravens, as keeping track of such actions did not impair their performance. However, both humans and ravens demonstrated more memory‐related mistakes in the social than in the individual conditions. Therefore, whereas both the ravens’ and the humans’ memory suffered in the social conditions, the ravens seemed to deal better with the demands of these conditions. The social conditions had a competitive element, and one might speculate that ravens’ memory strategies are more attuned to such situations, in particular in caching contexts, than is the case for humans.
A new temporal prediction method of grazing pressure based on normalized difference vegetation index and precipitation using nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input networks
Authors: Wu Taosuo , Feng Feng , Lin Qian , Bai Hongmei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRestoration of natural vegetation in arid and semi‐arid grasslands is facing severe challenges. The vegetation is easy to lose their vitality, resulting in the loss of the cover in natural grasslands under the high grazing pressure. To address this situation, this paper proposes a novel method for accurately predicting the grazing pressure using the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) network based on the remote sensing data of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation. The proposed method uses the NARX networks to predict the temporal variations of the NDVI with respect to the precipitation. The grazing pressure can be thus calculated using the predicted values of the NDVI. For practical application, this study investigated an arid and semi‐arid grassland with heavy grazing pressure in Hulunbuir, China. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide an accurate prediction of the grazing pressure (mean absolute error 0.103, root‐mean‐square error 0.122, mean absolute percentage error 8.36% and coefficient of determination 0.899 at the confidence interval of 95%). In addition, the predicted values of the grazing pressure in the study area during the years from 2016 to 2020 can be obtained using the proposed method. The proposed method can obtain a good prediction of the grazing pressure, which can be further used as a guidance for the rangeland managers to reduce the occurrence of the overgrazing.
SECRET SEARCH
Authors: John Andrew , King Ian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor high‐profile positions, should applicant identities be made public within the organization (“open search”) or kept confidential (“secret search”)? We construct a model where an organization seeks to hire, but where candidates' abilities are private information unless it uses open search. Rejected applicants, under open search, suffer disutility. We find the following: Salaries are lower under secret search, the expected ability of applicants decreases as the posted (open search) salary increases, secret search is preferred by organizations where quality of candidate is relatively unimportant, and organizations will, for some parameter values, choose secret search even when open search is more efficient.
The effect of advance payment with discount facility on supply decisions of deteriorating products whose demand is both price and stock dependent
Authors: Khan Md. Al‐Amin , Shaikh Ali Akbar , Panda Gobinda Chandra , Konstantaras Ioannis , Cárdenas‐Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenerally, in the business world, it is observed that suppliers give different kinds of benefits to retailers due to advance payment. One of the popular benefits is instant cash discount due to advance payment. If a retailer pays off his total purchase cost before receiving the products, then he receives a certain percentage of cash discount instantly. However, if the retailer pays off a certain fraction of the total purchasing cost, then price discount is given only at the time of receiving the products while paying the remaining amount of the total purchasing cost. Using this concept, this paper formulates, under both cases of advance payment (full or partial), an inventory model for deteriorating products where shortages are allowed and demand function is considered as price and stock dependent. The closed‐form solutions for each case are presented and two numerical examples are solved. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also performed to show the effects of advance payment with discount facility.
The effects of overproduction on future firm performance and inventory write‐downs
Authors: Chan Yee Chuann , Wang Wei‐Kang , Lu Wen‐Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effects of current overproduction on future operating efficiency and inventory write‐downs. Using electronic manufacturing companies listed on NYSE/AMEX/NASDAQ during the period of 2003–2013, this study: (i) employs the interaction term between relative fixed cost levels and excess quantity of inventory produced to measure overproduction, (ii) utilizes the dynamic slacks based measure model to estimate operating efficiency, and (iii) examines inventory write‐downs. Our findings show that overproducing firms experience improved but unsustainable subsequent operating efficiency, as overproduction is a result of optimistic sales forecasting, which leads to higher subsequent inventory write‐downs. Overall, this paper suggests that production managers should be prudent in anticipating future sales demand, as short product life cycle might cause higher inventory obsolescence on excess production.
Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to reduce social isolation and loneliness in community‐dwelling elders: A randomized clinical trial. Study protocol
Authors: Hernández‐Ascanio José , Pérula‐de Torres Luis Ángel , Roldán‐Villalobos Ana , Pérula‐de Torres José Carlos , Rich‐Ruiz Manuel ,   Collaborative Group Asys Proyect
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in non‐institutionalized older people. This effectiveness will be assessed in terms of reducing social isolation and loneliness and improving Health‐Related Quality of Life.BackgroundThe concern for social isolation and loneliness in non‐institutionalized older adults has increased in recent decades. In addition, their relationship with numerous negative health outcomes is amply demonstrated.DesignA mixed‐method design including a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial and an exploratory qualitative study with focus groups was used.MethodEach study group consists of 57 subjects. The experimental group will be subjected to a multicomponent intervention comprising six domiciliary face‐to‐face sessions and five telephone calls that will be interspersed. Interventions will be conducted by healthcare professionals and volunteers. The control group will not be subjected to any systematized intervention. We are going to consider social isolation, loneliness, and Quality of Life as the primary outcomes. However, the factors that influence both primary outcomes and the feasibility of the intervention in clinical practice will also be assessed.DiscussionDespite the negative influence of social isolation and loneliness on clinical outcomes is widely evidenced, few early detection programs are available, especially interventions at the community setting. This study will examine the effectiveness of the intervention in the Spanish community setting. At the same time, this study will identify the feasibility of this intervention in Primary Care clinical practice.ImpactSubstantial evidence indicates the detrimental health impact of social isolation and loneliness, particularly on mental wellness. Knowing that mental disorders are associated with high economic cost, this project would have strong clinical implication to inform nursing practice on managing social isolation and loneliness. The findings may also inform primary health policy setting in Spain and the wider European countries.
High‐power application is associated with shorter procedure time and higher rate of first‐pass pulmonary vein isolation in ablation index‐guided atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Okamatsu Hideharu , Koyama Junjiro , Sakai Yoshirou , Negishi Koudai , Hayashi Katsuhide , Tsurugi Takuo , Tanaka Yasuaki , Nakao Koichi , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Okumura Ken 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundsAblation index (AI) is useful to complete circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the role of radiofrequency power in AI‐guided CPVI remains to be elucidated.MethodsWe investigated 60 patients with AF undergoing AI‐guided CPVI (mean age, 66 ± 9 years; nonparoxysmal AF in 16). The first 40 patients were randomly assigned to low‐power (LP; n = 20) and medium‐power (MP; n = 20) groups and the following 20 patients to high‐power (HP). In LP, radiofrequency (RF) application was done at 30 W at the anterior and 20 W at the posterior left atrial (LA) wall, while in MP, it was at 40 W at the anterior and 30 W at the posterior LA wall. In HP, 50 W was applied at the anterior, 40 W at posterior LA wall and 30 W on the esophagus. At each ablation point, target AI was 400 at the anterior, 360 at the posterior LA wall, and 260 on the esophagus.ResultsThe time to complete both‐side CPVI was shortest in HP (median, 40 minutes, interquartile range [IQR], 28‐63) followed by MP (58 [49‐83] minutes, P = .008 vs HP) and LP (84 [72‐93] minutes, P = .002 vs MP). Higher RF power application significantly increased first‐pass isolation rate (55% in LP, 80% in MP and 85% in HP, P = .002) and decreased LA‐PV reconnection rate (10% in LP, 8% in MP, and 0% in HP, P = .03).ConclusionIn AI‐guided PVI, the HP RF application can shorten the time to complete PVI with a high rate of first‐pass isolation and a low rate of LA‐PV reconnection.
Operating room ventilation—Validation of reported data on 108 067 primary total hip arthroplasties in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Langvatn Håkon , Bartz‐Johannessen Christoffer , Schrama Johannes Cornelis , Hallan Geir , Furnes Ove , Lingaas Egil , Walenkamp Geert , Engesæter Lars Birger , Dale Håvard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe true effect of laminar airflow (LAF) systems on postoperative infection is disputed, partly due to uncertainty regarding the validity of ventilation data in register studies. The aim of this study was to validate the information on operating room (OR) ventilation reported by the orthopaedic surgeons to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (NAR) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodForty of the 62 public orthopaedic units performing primary THA in Norway during the period 1987‐2015 were included. The hospitals' current and previous ventilation systems were evaluated in cooperation with the hospitals head engineer. We identified the type of ventilation system reported to the NAR and compared the information with the factual ventilation in the specific ORs at the time of primary THA.ResultsA total of 108 067 primary THAs were eligible for assessment. None of the hospitals performed THA in true “greenhouse” (GH) ventilation. Fifty‐seven percent of the primary THAs were performed in ORs with LAF and 43% in ORs with conventional, turbulent ventilation (CV). Comparing the reported data with the validated data, LAF was reported with a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 89%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 92%, with an accuracy of 88%. CV was reported with a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 87%, and PPV of 84%, with an accuracy of 88%. The total, mean misreporting rate was 12%.ConclusionsSurgeons were not fully aware of what kind of ventilation system they operated in. This study indicates that conclusions based on ventilation data reported on THA in the NAR should not be interpreted without considering the inaccuracy of the data.
Skimmed milk powder and pectin decorated solid lipid nanoparticle containing soluble curcumin used for the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Moideen Muthu M. J. , Karuppaiyan Kavitha , Kandhasamy Ruckmani , Seetharaman Shanmuganathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research is aimed at the preparation of biopolymeric skimmed milk powder (SMP) and pectin coated dual layer solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with soluble curcumin (CMN) to enhance the cytotoxicity of the drug delivered to the colon for colorectal cancer (CRC). The curcumin (C‐) and curcumin solid dispersion (C‐SD) (soluble curcumin) loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) (C‐SD‐SLN) are prepared by hot homogenization method and characterized its physicochemical properties. The surface of the C‐SD‐SLNs was coated with natural biopolymers of pectin and skimmed milk powder (SMP), called cetyl palmitate (CP)‐SD‐SLN. The resultant nanoparticles showed significantly high drug loading, better stability, and slower release profile (92.1%) in various GI conditions up to 72 H. zebra fish toxicity studies of CP‐SD‐SLN confirm its in vivo safety, and the result from in vitro cytotoxicity showed that 50% inhibition (26 μM/ml) is achieved with an amount of CP‐SD‐SLN, which was considerably lesser than free CMN. The result from flow cytometry analysis confirmed the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (49.11%), and western blot analysis was performed to understand its molecular level apoptosis in Caco‐2 cells. The profound efficiency of SMP and pectin coated CP‐SD‐SLN is a promising preparation that indicated its potential application for CRC treatment without toxicity.Practical applicationThe pharma and biotech industry is seeking techniques to increase potential and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. The solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) has fascinated significant attention in anticancer drug delivery generally because of the targeted delivery to the particular site and devoid of other tissues. The present investigation provides the efficiency of skimmed milk powder (SMP)‐coated lipid shell contains soluble curcumin to release the drug at colon and improve the metabolism and therefore increase the potential activity several fold than native curcumin. The results show that SMP and pectin coated SLN is a potential carrier for delivery to the colon and thus improve anticancer potential of human adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) cells of curcumin. These results will contribute in designing SLN techniques for optimizing the wide‐ranging quality of natural curcumin.
Effects of temperature and time on gelatinization of corn starch employing gradient isothermal heating program of rapid visco analyzer
Authors: Jin Nan , Kong Dandan , Wang Hongying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo process parameters, temperature and time, are mutually interdependent in application of food and feed industries. In order to illustrate the influence of temperature and time on corn starch gelatinization, apparent viscosities of native corn starch samples were measured during different heating treatments by rapid visco analyzer (RVA). The gradient isothermal heating program was developed within 64–95°C. The viscosity gradient and viscosity difference (Δμ value) before and after isothermal heating were used to determine the critical temperatures. The temperature and time dependence of starch gelatinization were observed, which meant certain temperature and sufficient time were necessary for complete starch gelatinization. Four critical temperatures, at 68, 74, 78, and 88°C, respectively, were obtained from the derivative curve of Δμ value as the boundaries of different gelatinization stages associating with temperature and time dependence. This study should help starch‐based food and feed industries to better determine the processing parameters for saving energy consumption and cost.Practical ApplicationsGelatinization, as a functional property during thermal processing of starch, is applied extensively in starch‐based food industry and feed industry. Heat‐moisture treatment is one of the most conventional processing procedures for starchy raw materials. Furthermore, temperature and time, two controllable parameters influencing quality of products, should be carefully concerned. Since the temperature and time dependence of gelatinization during processing has not been specified sufficiently, the present study developed a gradient isothermal heating program through custom configuration files of rapid visco analyzer (RVA) for illustrating the effects of temperature and time on gelatinization of corn starch unlike previous RVA analysis. Critical temperatures and the sensitivity of holding time were obtained from viscosity characteristics. The results would be useful to control products quality in food and feed industry.
Study of fatty acid profiles in fish wastes and in silico evaluation of unsaturated fatty acids for mutant B‐Raf kinase inhibition
Authors: Nirmala Chockalingam , Banerjee Sambhasan , Imthiyaz Mohammed , Sridevi Muruhan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFish wastes include heads, intestines, fins, tails, and bones that are discarded in large quantity from fish processing industries. Substantial quantity of lipids and proteins can be extracted from these fish wastes to meet the dietary needs and to treat various ailments in humans. In the present study, the fish wastes of catla, rohu, and mixed fish wastes from Indian major carps are collected and analyzed for the fatty acid profile and protein content. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) obtained are analyzed for mutant B‐Raf kinase, a protooncoprotein inhibition using PATCHDOCK, and the best docked result is analyzed with PDBsum. The results showed that the concentration of saturated fatty acid was higher than that of MUFAs and PUFAs. The protein content was 0.58 mg/ml in Sample 1, 0.55 mg/ml in Sample 2, and 2.88 mg/ml in Sample 3. The docking study showed that MUFAs and PUFAs bound in the active site of the B‐Raf kinase domain with varied nonbonded interactions that may inhibit its activity, thus showing anticancerous properties.Practical applicationsFishes are one of the major sources of balanced and nutritious diet for human beings. Huge tons of Indian major carps (IMCs) are discarded as wastes from fish processing industries and commercial markets that are rich in nutritive compounds like proteins, essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and so forth. These wastes can be recycled and reused for many pharmacological properties. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to have beneficial properties for humans. The selected MUFAs and PUFAs from fish wastes of IMCs showed inhibition of mutant B‐Raf kinase, a protein, associated with the activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway leading to cancer. Thus, these compounds may be used as cancer preventive agents and the study may lead to a novel approach to design drug molecules with nonbonded interactions in the protein–lipid interface.
A life‐cycle assessment model for zero emission neighborhoods
Authors: Lausselet Carine , Ellingsen Linda Ager‐Wick , Strømman Anders Hammer , Brattebø Helge 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBuildings represent a critical piece of a low‐carbon future, and their long lifetime necessitates urgent adoption of state‐of‐the‐art performance standards to avoid significant lock‐in risk regarding long‐lasting technology solution choices. Buildings, mobility, and energy systems are closely linked, and assessing their nexus by aiming for Zero Emission Neighborhoods (ZENs) provides a unique chance to contribute to climate change mitigation. We conducted a life‐cycle assessment of a Norwegian ZEN and designed four scenarios to test the influence of the house size, household size, and energy used and produced in the buildings as well as mobility patterns. We ran our scenarios with different levels of decarbonization of the electricity mix over a period of 60 years. Our results show the importance of the operational phases of both the buildings and mobility in the neighborhood's construction, and its decline over time induced by the decarbonization of the electricity mix. At the neighborhood end‐of‐life, embodied emissions then become responsible for the majority of the emissions when the electricity mix is decarbonized. The choice of functional unit is decisive, and we thus argue for the use of a primary functional unit “per neighborhood,” and a second “per person.” The use of a “per m2” functional unit is misleading as it does not give credits to the precautionary use of floor area. To best mitigate climate change, climate‐positive behaviors should be combined with energy efficiency standards that incorporate embodied energy, and absolute threshold should be combined with behavioral changes.