bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of plasticity in production and transgenerational inheritance of small RNAs under dynamic environmental conditions
Authors: Silva Willian T.A.F. , Otto Sarah P. , Immler Simone 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a changing environment, small RNAs (sRNAs) play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and can vary in abundance depending on the conditions experienced by an individual (phenotypic plasticity) and its parents (non-genetic inheritance). Many sRNAs are unusual in that they can be produced in two ways, either using genomic DNA as the template (primary sRNAs) or existing sRNAs as the template (secondary sRNAs). Thus, organisms can evolve rapid plastic responses to their current environment by adjusting the amplification rate of sRNA templates. sRNA levels can also be transmitted transgenerationally by the direct transfer of either sRNAs or the proteins involved in amplification. Theory is needed to describe the selective forces acting on sRNA levels, accounting for the dual nature of sRNAs as regulatory elements and templates for amplification and for the potential to transmit sRNAs and their amplification agents to offspring. Here, we develop a model to study the dynamics of sRNA production and inheritance in a fluctuating environment. We tested the selective advantage of mutants capable of sRNA-mediated phenotypic plasticity within resident populations with fixed levels of sRNA transcription. Even when the resident was allowed to evolve an optimal constant rate of sRNA production, plastic amplification rates capable of responding to environmental conditions were favored. By contrast, mechanisms allowing sRNA transcripts or amplification agents to be inherited were favored primarily when parents and offspring face similar environments and when selection acts before the optimal level of sRNA can be reached within the organism. Our study provides a clear set of testable predictions for the evolution of sRNA-related mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational inheritance.
Secondary evolve and re-sequencing: an experimental confirmation of putative selection targets without phenotyping
Authors: Burny Claire , Nolte Viola , Nouhaud Pierre , Dolezal Marlies , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEvolve and re-sequencing (E&R) studies investigate the genomic responses of adaptation during experimental evolution. Because replicate populations evolve in the same controlled environment, consistent responses to selection across replicates are frequently used to identify reliable candidate regions that underlie adaptation to a new environment. However, recent work demonstrated that selection signatures can be restricted to one or a few replicate(s) only. These selection signatures frequently have a weak statistical support, and given the difficulties of functional validation, additional evidence is needed before considering them as candidates for functional analysis. Here, we introduce an experimental procedure to validate candidate loci with weak or replicate-specific selection signature(s). Crossing an evolved population from a primary E&R experiment to the ancestral founder population reduces the frequency of candidate alleles that have reached a high frequency. We hypothesize that genuine selection targets will experience a repeatable frequency increase after the mixing with the ancestral founders if they are exposed to the same environment (secondary E&R experiment). Using this approach, we successfully validate two overlapping selection targets, which showed a mutually exclusive selection signature in a primary E&R experiment of Drosophila simulans adapting to a novel temperature regime. We conclude that secondary E&R experiments provide a reliable confirmation of selection signatures that are either not replicated or show only a low statistical significance in a primary E&R experiment. Such experiments are particularly helpful to prioritize candidate loci for time-consuming functional follow-up investigations.
Carbon dots for efficient siRNA delivery and gene silencing in plants
Authors: Schwartz Steven. H. , Hendrix Bill , Hoffer Paul , Sanders Rick A. , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYThe Initiation of RNA interference (RNAi) by topically applied double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has potential applications for plant functional genomics, crop improvement and crop protection. The primary obstacle for the development of this technology is efficient delivery of RNAi effectors. The plant cell wall is a particularly challenging barrier to the delivery of macromolecules. Many of the transfection agents that are commonly used with animal cells produce nanocomplexes that are significantly larger than the size exclusion limit of the plant cell wall. Utilizing a class of very small nanoparticles called carbon dots, a method of delivering siRNA into the model plantNicotiana benthamianaand tomato is described. Low-pressure spray application of these formulations with a spreading surfactant resulted in strong silencing ofGFPtransgenes in both species. The delivery efficacy of carbon dot formulations was also demonstrated by silencing endogenous genes that encode two sub-units of magnesium chelatase, an enzyme necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. The strong visible phenotypes observed with the carbon dot facilitated delivery were validated by measuring significant reductions in the target gene transcript and/or protein levels. Methods for the delivery of RNAi effectors into plants, such as the carbon dot formulations described here, could become valuable tools for gene silencing in plants with practical applications in plant functional genomics and agriculture.
High-resolution QTL mapping with Diversity Outbred mice identifies genetic variants that impact gut microbiome composition
Authors: Schlamp Florencia , Zhang David Y , Beltrán Juan Felipe , Cosgrove Elissa J , Simecek Petr , Edwards Matthew , Goodrich Julia K , Ley Ruth E , Pack Allan , Churchill Gary A , Clark Andrew G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe composition of the gut microbiome is impacted by a complex array of factors, from nutrient composition and availability, to physical factors like temperature, pH, and flow rate, as well as interactions among the members of the microbial community. Many of these factors are affected by the host, raising the question of how host genetic variation impacts microbiome composition. Though human studies confirm this type of role for host genetics, its overall importance is still a subject of debate and remains difficult to study. The mouse model, by allowing the strict control of genetics, nutrition, and other environmental factors, has provided an excellent opportunity to extend this work, and the Diversity Outbred (DO) mice in particular present a chance to pinpoint host genetic variants that influence microbiome composition at different levels of generality. Here, we apply 16S rRNA gene sequencing to fecal samples of 247 DO male mice to estimate heritability and perform taxon-specific QTL mapping of microbial relative abundances revealing an increasingly heterogeneous picture of host function and microbial taxa at the host-microbiome interface. We present the first report of significant heritability of phylum Tenericutes in mice, and find novel QTL-spanning genes involved in antibacterial pathways, immune and inflammatory disease, and lipid metabolism.
Machine Learning Models of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction
Authors: Islam Md. Mohaimenul , Poly Tahmina Narin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women both in the developed and less developed world. Early detection based on clinical features can greatly increase the chances for successful treatment. Our goal was to construct a breast cancer prediction model based on machine learning algorithms. A total of 10 potential clinical features like age, BMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and MCP-1 were collected from 116 patients. In this report, most commonly used machine learning model such as decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were tested for breast cancer prediction. A repeated 10-fold cross-validation model was used to rank variables on the randomly split dataset. The accuracy of DT, RF, SVM, LR, ANN, and KNN was 0.71, 0.71, 0.77, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.86 respectively. However, The KNN model showed most higher accuracy with area under receiver operating curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.95, 0.80, 0.91. Therefore, identification of breast cancer patients correctly would create care opportunities such as monitoring and adopting intervention plans may benefit the quality of care in long-term.
Development of the mandibular curve of Spee and maxillary compensating curve: A finite element model
Authors: Marshall Steven D. , Kruger Karen , Franciscus Robert G. , Southard Thomas E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe curved planes of the human dentition seen in the sagittal view, the mandibular curve of Spee and the maxillary compensating curve, have clinical importance to modern dentistry and potential relevance to the craniofacial evolution of hominins. However, the mechanism providing the formation of these curved planes is poorly understood. To explore this further, we use a simplified finite element model, consisting of maxillary and mandibular “blocks”, developed to simulate tooth eruption, and forces opposing eruption, during simplified masticatory function. We test our hypothesis that curved occlusal planes develop from interplay between tooth eruption, occlusal load, and mandibular movement.Our results indicate that our simulation of rhythmic chewing movement, tooth eruption, and tooth eruption inhibition, applied concurrently, results in a transformation of the contacting maxillary and mandibular block surfaces from flat to curved. The depth of the curvature appears to be dependent on the radius length of the rotating (chewing) movement of the mandibular block. Our results suggest mandibular function and maxillo-mandibular spatial relationship may contribute to the development of human occlusal curvature.
Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Feleke Berhanu Elfu , Beyene Melkamu Bedimo , Feleke Teferi Elfu , Jember Tadesse Hailu , Abera Bayeh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly affecting the low socio-economic groups. The objectives of this research were to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known intestinal parasite infected patients.Methods and materialsA comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the urban and rural settings of mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017 to March 2019 from intestinal parasitic infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were collected using interview technique and colleting stool samples from each household contact of intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasites patients/family members. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic infection among family members.ResultsThe prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of parasite-infected family members was 86.14 % [95% CI: 86.14 % - 87.15 %].Hookwormparasitic infection was the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, environmental sanitation, source of water, habit of playing with domestic animals, the presence of chicken in the house, the presence of household water filtering materials, overcrowding, personal hygiene, residence, and substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the house, floor materials, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular hand washing practice, barefoot.ConclusionThe prevalence of intestinal parasites was high among household contacts of primary confirmed cases.
A Signal Demodulation-based Method for the Early Detection of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Authors: Guyot Pauline , Djermoune El-Hadi , Chenuel Bruno , Bastogne Thierry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is a sleep-disordered breathing characterized by recurrent central apneas alternating with hyperventilation exhibiting a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of tidal volume. This respiration is reported in patients with heart failure, stroke or damage in respiratory centers. It increases mortality for patients with severe heart failure as it has adverse impacts on the cardiac function. Early stage of CSR, also called periodic breathing, is often undiagnosed as it only provokes hypopneas instead of apneas, which are much more difficult to detect. This paper demonstrates the proof of concept of a new method devoted to the early detection of CSR. The proposed approach relies on a signal demodulation technique applied to ventilation signals measured on 15 patients with chronic heart failure whose respiration goes from normal to severe CSR. Based on a modulation index and its instantaneous frequency, oscillation zones are detected and classified into three categories: CSR, periodic breathing and no abnormal pattern. The modulation index is used as an efficient biomarker to quantify the severity of the pathology for each patient. Results show high correlation with experts’ annotations with sensitivity and specificity values of 87.1% and 89.8% respectively. A final decision leads to a classification which is confirmed by the experts’ conclusions.
Predictive model for corrosion hazard of buried metallic structure caused by stray current in the subway
Authors: Wang Chengtao , Li Wei , Wang Yuqiao , Yang Xuefeng , Xu Shaoyi , Li Kunpeng , Zhao Yunyun 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to predict quantitative level of stray current leaking to the buried metallic structure by establishing convolution neural network (CNN) model.Design/methodology/approachFirst, corrosion experimental system of buried metallic structure is established. The research object of this paper is the polarization potential within 110 min, CNN model is used to predict the quantitative level of stray current leakage using the data from corrosion experimental system further. Finally, results are compared with the method using BP neural network.FindingsResults show that the CNN model has better predictive effect and shorter prediction time than the BP model, the accuracy of which is 82.5507 per cent, and the prediction time is shortened by more than 10 times.Originality/valueThe established model can be used to forecast the level of stray current leakage in the subway system effectively, which provides a new theoretical basis for evaluating the stray current corrosion hazard of buried metallic structure.
Festival loyalty to a South African literary arts festival: action speaks louder than words!
Authors: Kruger Martinette 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by focusing on the profile and loyalty of visitors to a literary arts festival in South Africa. In addition, this research advocates that festivals can influence visitors’ supplementary behavioural intentions and actions beyond loyalty in the form of literary arts appreciation, purchases and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
A visitor survey was conducted at one of the oldest literary arts festivals in the country where a total of 391 completed self-administered questionnaires were obtained. The statistical analyses comprised three factor analyses (motives to attend the festival, satisfaction with the festival offering elements and behavioural intentions) as well as structural equation modelling, to establish the relationship between the motives, evaluation of the “festivalscapes”, behavioural intentions and loyalty.

Findings
The findings confirmed that literary arts festival loyalty is the principle behavioural intention that will occur after attending a literary arts festival. However, the results demonstrated that literary arts festivals also have the potential to increase and stimulate supplementary behavioural intentions in the form of greater awareness of the arts, increased purchasing behaviour of literary works, increased travel to support the literary arts and greater personal involvement.

Practical implications
Festivals, irrespective of the art form that they showcase, therefore, play a significant role in encouraging and increasing purchasing behaviour, which is vital to the viability and continuation of the arts industry.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to research the literary arts festival market in South Africa, thereby making a distinct contribution by expanding the literature on the needs of this neglected market and the aspects that influence loyalty to these types of festivals.
Effect of engine oil additives reduction on the tribofilm structure of a cylinder liner model surface
Authors: Miranda-Medina Maria de Lourdes , Tomastik Christian , Truglas Tia , Groiss Heiko , Jech Martin 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a general picture for describing the formed tribofilm, including chemical and physical aspects in the micro-scale and the nano-scale. In a previous study, the durability of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) tribofilms on cylinder liner samples has been investigated in a tribometer model system by using fresh and aged fully formulated oils and replacing them with PAO8 without additives. Analyses of the derived tribofilms by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy could give some hints about the underlying mechanisms of the tribofilm build-up and wear performance, but a final model has not been achieved.

Design/methodology/approach
Thus, characterisation of these tribofilms by means of focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is presented and a concluding model of the underlying mechanisms of tribofilm build-up is discussed in this paper.

Findings
For tribotests running first with fresh fully formulated engine oil, a rather homogeneous ZDDP-like tribofilm is found underneath a carbon rich tribofilm after changing to non-additivated PAO8. However, when the tests run first with aged fully formulated engine oil, no ZDDP-like tribofilm has been found after changing to non-additivated PAO8, but a wear protective carbon rich tribofilm.

Originality/value
The obtained results provide insights into the structure and durability of tribofilms. Carbon-based tribofilms are built up on the basis of non-additivated PAO8 because of the previously present ZDDP tribofilms, which suggests an alternative way to reducing the consumption of antiwear additives.
Effect of cage dynamic unbalance on the cage’s dynamic characteristics in high-speed cylindrical roller bearings
Authors: Cui Yongcun , Deng Sier , Yang Haisheng , Zhang Wenhu , Niu Rongjun 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the cage dynamic unbalance on the dynamic performances in cylindrical roller bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic analysis model which considering cage dynamic unbalance is presented, and the relationship between the cage dynamic unbalance and the cage stability, the cage slip ratio and the cage skew angle is investigated.

Findings
Cage dynamic unbalance has a great effect on the cage stability. The cage dynamic unbalance which in an axial excursion affects the cage characteristics is greater than that only in the radial direction. The cage slip ratio and the cage skew increases with the cage dynamic unbalance, especially with the axial excursion. The non-metal cage is more sensitive to the cage dynamic unbalance than that of the metal cage.

Originality/value
The analytical method and model can be applied by the bearing engineering designers.
Winning engaged consumers
Authors: Bazi Saleh , Hajli Alireza , Hajli Nick , Shanmugam Mohana , Lin Xiaolin 
Published: August 2019

PurposeUnder the sunlight of social commerce, few concepts have blossomed like value co-creation. But when blurred strategies are implemented, the opportunity to wilt a brand is high. To avoid the miscues and the controversies, an ascendant step is to engage consumers with social commerce sites. The purpose of this paper is to propose three antecedents to engage consumers with social commerce sites, namely, social support, social commerce value and social commerce information sharing, and the effect of brand engagement on the intention of brand co-creation.Design/methodology/approachThis study used survey data from 234 Iranians with experience using social commerce sites. Variance-based structural equation modeling using the partial least squares path modeling approach was adopted to analyze the structural model.FindingsThe authors found that social support, social commerce value and social commerce information sharing positively foster brand engagement. The study also revealed that brand engagement is a significant predictor of brand co-creation intention.Originality/valueThe study is the first study that considers and explains brand engagement from social support theory, social commerce value theory and social commerce information exchange. Also, the study shows how consumers can be an integral part of a brand. Unlike other studies which were done in industrialized countries, this study was employed in Iran.
Entrepreneurial learning; intuiting, scanning, internalizing and routinizing
Authors: Breslin Dermot 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Despite an increasing number of publications focusing on the phenomenon of entrepreneurial learning, it is still unclear how this learning process differs from wider organizational learning. This paper aims to address this gap by highlighting four key processual dimensions unique to entrepreneurial learning: intuiting, scanning, internalizing and routinizing.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on various conceptual and empirical papers published in this area over the past 20 years, common threads in the literature are identified, which point towards these four key dimensions of entrepreneurial learning.

Findings
It is thus argued that the ability of the entrepreneurial team to learn form and adapt to changes in the external market involves all four dimensions of intuiting, scanning, internalizing and routinizing. Intuiting involves drawing on prior knowledge to create new opportunity sets, and skills. These ideas and skills are then tested in the market, through scanning and market research. Internalizing allows the entrepreneurial team to question taken for granted assumptions, as existing ways of working and views of the world are continually adapted. Finally, routinization is the process whereby the entrepreneurial team accumulates a situated knowledge of the changing world around them, and in the process, frees up valuable cognitive resources, needed in the continual process of intuiting, scanning and internalizing.

Originality/value
It is argued that the adaptability of entrepreneurial ventures hinges on all four processual dimensions.