bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial risk of sinus node dysfunction indicating pacemaker implantation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Christiansen Morten Krogh , Parner Erik Thorlund , Johansen Jens Brock , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to investigate the risk of sinus node dysfunction (SND) indicating cardiac pacing and mortality in first-degree relatives to patients with a pacemaker implanted on this indication and assess the effect of onset-age on disease risk.

Methods and results
In this nationwide register-based study, we used the Danish Civil Registration Registry to establish family structures and merged data with the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Pacemaker and ICD Registry containing information on all pacemakers implanted due to SND in Denmark. We followed 6 027 090 individuals born after 1954 in the period between 1982 and 2022 (180 775 041 person-years) among whom 2.477 pacemakers were implanted due to SND. The adjusted rate ratio (RR) of pacemaker-treated SND was 2.9 (2.4–3.6) for individuals having any father, mother, or sibling with a pacemaker implanted on this indication compared with the general population (derived cumulative incidence at the age of 68 years: 0.79 and 0.27%, respectively). This risk was inversely proportional to implantation age in the index person [≤60 years: RR = 5.5 (3.4–9.0)]. Overall, mortality was similar between individuals having a father, mother, or sibling with SND and the general population, but higher for relatives to index persons with an early onset [≤60 years: RR = 1.22 (1.05–1.41)].

Conclusion
First-degree relatives to SND patients are at increased risk of SND with risk being inversely associated with pacemaker implantation age in the index person. Mortality in first-degree relatives was comparable with the general population, although subgroup findings suggest an increased mortality among individuals with a family history of early-onset SND.
Sharing in Caring: Family Caregiving Task-Sharing Patterns for Older Adults in Singapore
Authors: Lim-Soh Jeremy , Sung Pildoo , Quach Ha-Linh , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Research on family caregiving for older adults has largely focused on primary caregivers. We identify caregiving task-sharing patterns among multiple caregivers, including family members and live-in hired workers. In addition, we investigate caregiver and care-recipient characteristics associated with these patterns.

Methods
We interviewed 278 primary family caregivers of home-dwelling older adults in Singapore about who provides what assistance across 3 domains: activities of daily living, health and social services use, and socioemotional and other needs. Latent class analysis was used to identify caregiving task-sharing patterns.

Results
Three patterns were identified: (a) “Shared-Diverse” (39%)—multiple caregivers assisting in all 3 domains, (b) “Shared-Domestic” (32%)—multiple caregivers assisting with activities of daily living and socioemotional and other needs, and (c) “Solo-Diverse” (29%)—a sole caregiver assisting in all 3 domains. “Solo-Diverse” caregivers were less likely to be employed and had higher depressive symptoms relative to “Shared-Diverse” primary family caregivers.

Discussion
The predominance of caregiving task-sharing patterns involving multiple caregivers calls for expansion of research, policies, and programs beyond primary caregivers. Greater attention should be given to how families and live-in hired workers share caregiving tasks for older adults, and how this varies across cultural settings, especially in familial Asian societies. The findings further highlight the vulnerabilities of solo caregivers, whose employment capacity and mental health may be adversely affected by their caregiving duties. Policy-makers should ensure that solo caregivers have access to support programs that address their financial and mental health needs.
Age Differences in Mental State Inference of Sarcasm: Contributions of Facial Emotion Recognition and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Hughes Colleen , Pehlivanoglu Didem , Heemskerk Amber , Polk Rebecca , Turner Gary R , Ebner Natalie C , Spreng R Nathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Older age is associated with poorer ability to accurately infer mental states, but some mental states are more complex than others. Sarcasm is a complex mental state because the literal and intended meaning of a speaker’s words are in opposition. Individuals must rely on additional cues (e.g., facial expressions, intonation) for accurate inference. We hypothesized that understanding of sarcastic versus sincere exchanges would be more sensitive to age-related difficulty in mental state understanding.

Methods
We examined accuracy at identifying sarcasm among 263 adults (ages 18–90 years) using videos of social interactions in The Awareness of Social Inference Test. Hypotheses were tested using a logistic linear mixed effects model predicting correct/incorrect trial-level responses. To characterize why sarcasm differed with age, we measured 2 abilities commonly implicated in mental state understanding: facial emotion recognition and cognitive performance.

Results
Sarcasm understanding declined with age, whereas understanding of sincere exchanges did not. Both better emotion recognition and cognitive performance related to better understanding of sarcastic but not sincere exchanges. Only cognitive performance showed an age-related effect such that the cognitive performance among the oldest participants facilitated their understanding of both sarcastic and sincere exchanges.

Discussion
We showed that individual variation related to age and social and cognitive performance is more pronounced when the use of multiple mental state cues is more (sarcasm) or less (sincerity) necessary for accurate understanding of social interactions. Naturalistic paradigms involving multiple mental state cues can address important questions about how older adults make decisions in the real world.
On the large time behaviour of the solutions of an evolutionary-epidemic system with spatial dispersal
Authors: Ducrot A , Manceau D , Sylla A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates some properties of the large time behaviour of the solutions of a spatially distributed system of equations modelling the evolutionary epidemiology of a plant-pathogen system. The model takes into account the phenotypic trait and the mutation of the pathogen, which is described by a non-local operator. We roughly speaking prove that the solutions separate the phenotype trait from the spatio-temporal evolution in the large time asymptotic. This feature is obtained by investigating the positive and bounded entire solutions of the problem, which are shown to exhibit such a separation of the variables property, by reformulating them as the positive solutions of suitable integral equations in some ordered Banach space. In addition, some numerical simulations are performed to support our theoretical results.
An Antimicrobial Blue Light Prototype Device Controls Infected Wounds in a Preclinical Porcine Model
Authors: Negri Laisa Bonafim , Farinelli William , Korupolu Sandeep , Wang Ying , Mannaa Yara , Lee Hang , Hui Jie , Dong Pu-Ting , Slate Andrea , Tam Joshua , Anderson R Rox , Yun Seok-Hyun Andy , Gelfand Jeffrey A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We developed a translational prototype antimicrobial blue light (ABL) device for treating skin wounds with ABL. Partial-thickness surgical wounds were created in live swine (an animal whose skin is considered the most like human skin), then heavily contaminated and left untreated for 24 hours with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ABL treatment stabilized and reduced MRSA infection by greater than 4 orders of magnitude (&gt;99.99%; P &lt; .0001) compared with untreated wounds in the same animal, after only 2 daily treatments. These data support further development of such devices for controlling infection in skin wounds. ABL, with or without concomitant administration of negative pressure, antimicrobials, or photosensitizers, could play an important role in modern wound care by reducing the amount, duration, and cost of antibiotics needed, helping reduce antimicrobial resistance. No such device for treating human cutaneous wounds currently exists. This deserves further development and study.
Experiences and needs of persons who have undergone limb amputation in Saki West, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oloruntola Elizabeth Oluwamayowa , Eze Chioma J , Alao Gloria O , Opateye Mercy , Gbadebo Oluwaseun T , Akinbote Precious E , Adesina Ruth D , Akingbade Oluwadamilare 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Amputation is a life-changing experience involving the surgical removal of a body part. However, little is known about the experiences of persons who have undergone limb amputation in the Saki West Local Government Area (LGA), which prompted this study.

Methods
An exploratory qualitative study design was used. Thirty participants were interviewed using face-to-face focus group discussions. Five sessions were conducted, with six participants in each session. Data were analysed using the thematic analysis framework of Braun and Clarke.

Results
A total of 76.3% of the participants were males and 73.3% were married. Their ages ranged from 22 and 69 y, with a mean age of 48.0 y and a monthly income of 20 000 naira (US$12). Three major themes emerged from the study: the needs and challenges of those who have undergone amputation, coping strategies of those who have undergone amputation and recommendations by persons who have undergone amputation. The study revealed that people who have undergone amputation experienced psychological pain, such as a loss of self-worth and stigmatization from friends and loved ones. Coping strategies identified were accepting the situation and emotional support from family. Participants recommended providing financial support, empowerment programs, employment opportunities and fostering a community of amputees in the Saki West LGA.

Conclusions
Amputees undergo psychological and psychosocial problems that can affect their health and recovery. They need emotional and financial support, rehabilitation services and provision of prostheses from family, society and the government. These services should be adequately provided in the Saki West LGA, the largest among the 10 suburban local governments in Oyo State, with numerous commercial activities and a high risk for road traffic accidents.
The role of hydroponic solution of Ulva fasciata in modulating the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Yu Shuping , Jin Weimei , Xiao Changyan , Qiao Yan , Yang Guangfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to ascertain the active substances in the hydroponic solution of Ulva (U.) fasciata (HSUF) and their effects on antibiotics resistance of pathogenic bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus (Va.) at environmental levels.

Methods and results
Analytical results of HSUF by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that HSUF contained rich active substances and dominated by 2,4,6-tribromophenol, acetal, mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and 2-(4-hydroxybenzene) ethanol, etc. Thereinto, 2,4,6-tribromophenol had the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations of 64–128 μg ml−1 for Va. strains. The rich antibacterial substances of HSUF inhibited 47%–63% of isolated Va. strains. After 20 generations of subculture for Va. strains in three dilutes [1/2 (HT), 1/20 (MT), and 1/50 (LT)] of HSUF (20 g l−1), the resistance to streptomycin of Va. S1 and Va. M3 changed from intermediate resistance ability to susceptible level. The large promotion of reactive oxygen species was observed in different HSUF levels, but the biofilm formation of Va. S1 did not change significantly. Transcriptome sequencing of Va. S1 demonstrated that antibiotic resistance gene lpxA was downregulated at different HSUF levels.

Conclusions
Live U. fasciata excreted a variety of active secondary metabolites in HSUF, which exhibited strong inhibitory effects on three isolated Va. strains. HSUF changed the antibiotic resistance of Va. Strain, especially at higher HSUF concentrations
A demonstration of the effect of fringe-rate filtering in the hydrogen epoch of reionization array delay power spectrum pipeline
Authors: Garsden Hugh , Bull Philip , Wilensky Michael J , Abdurashidova Zuhra , Adams Tyrone , Aguirre James E , Alexander Paul , Ali Zaki S , Baartman Rushelle , Balfour Yanga , Beardsley Adam P , Berkhout Lindsay M , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S , Bowman Judd D , Bradley Richard F , Burba Jacob , Carey Steven , Carilli Chris L , Chen Kai-Feng , Cheng Carina , Choudhuri Samir , DeBoer David R , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dexter Matt , Dillon Joshua S , Dynes Scott , Eksteen Nico , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , Fritz Randall , Furlanetto Steven R , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Gehlot Bharat Kumar , Ghosh Abhik , Glendenning Brian , Gorce Adelie , Gorthi Deepthi , Greig Bradley , Grobbelaar Jasper , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J , Hewitt Jacqueline N , Hickish Jack , Huang Tian , Jacobs Daniel C , Josaitis Alec , Julius Austin , Kariseb MacCalvin , Kern Nicholas S , Kerrigan Joshua , Kim Honggeun , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kohn Saul A , Kolopanis Matthew , Lanman Adam , La Plante Paul , Liu Adrian , Loots Anita , Ma Yin-Zhe , MacMahon David H E , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Malgas Keith , Marero Bradley , Martinot Zachary E , Mesinger Andrei , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F , Mosiane Tshegofalang , Murray Steven G , Neben Abraham R , Nikolic Bojan , Devi Nunhokee Chuneeta , Nuwegeld Hans , Parsons Aaron R , Pascua Robert , Patra Nipanjana , Pieterse Samantha , Qin Yuxiang , Rath Eleanor , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Riley Daniel , Robnett James , Rosie Kathryn , Santos Mario G , Sims Peter , Singh Saurabh , Storer Dara , Swarts Hilton , Tan Jianrong , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , van Wyngaarden Pieter , Williams Peter K G , Xu Zhilei , Zheng Haoxuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Radio interferometers targeting the 21cm brightness temperature fluctuations at high redshift are subject to systematic effects that operate over a range of different time-scales. These can be isolated by designing appropriate Fourier filters that operate in fringe-rate (FR) space, the Fourier pair of local sidereal time. Applications of FR filtering include separating effects that are correlated with the rotating sky versus those relative to the ground, down-weighting emission in the primary beam sidelobes, and suppressing noise. FR filtering causes the noise contributions to the visibility data to become correlated in time, however, making interpretation of subsequent averaging and error estimation steps more subtle. In this paper, we describe fringe-rate filters that are implemented using discrete prolate spheroidal sequences, and designed for two different purposes–beam sidelobe/horizon suppression (the ‘mainlobe’ filter), and ground-locked systematics removal (the ‘notch’ filter). We apply these to simulated data, and study how their properties affect visibilities and power spectra generated from the simulations. Included is an introduction to fringe-rate filtering and a demonstration of fringe-rate filters applied to simple situations to aid understanding.
Epigenetic characterization of adult rhesus monkey spermatogonial stem cells identifies key regulators of stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Bi Rui , Pan Lin-Nuo , Dai Hao , Sun Chunli , Li Cong , Lin Hui-Juan , Xie Lan-Ping , Ma Huai-Xiao , Li Lin , Xie Heng , Guo Kun , Hou Chun-Hui , Yao Yong-Gang , Chen Luo-Nan , Zheng Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play crucial roles in the preservation of male fertility. However, successful ex vivo expansion of authentic human SSCs remains elusive due to the inadequate understanding of SSC homeostasis regulation. Using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as a representative model, we characterized SSCs and progenitor subsets through single-cell RNA sequencing using a cell-specific network approach. We also profiled chromatin status and major histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3), and subsequently mapped promoters and active enhancers in TSPAN33+ putative SSCs. Comparing the epigenetic changes between fresh TSPAN33+ cells and cultured TSPAN33+ cells (resembling progenitors), we identified the regulatory elements with higher activity in SSCs, and the potential transcription factors and signaling pathways implicated in SSC regulation. Specifically, TGF-β signaling is activated in monkey putative SSCs. We provided evidence supporting its role in promoting self-renewal of monkey SSCs in culture. Overall, this study outlines the epigenetic landscapes of monkey SSCs and provides clues for optimization of the culture condition for primate SSCs expansion.
Enhancing disease risk gene discovery by integrating transcription factor-linked trans-variants into transcriptome-wide association analyses
Authors: He Jingni , Perera Deshan , Wen Wanqing , Ping Jie , Li Qing , Lyu Linshuoshuo , Chen Zhishan , Shu Xiang , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Shu Xiao-Ou , Yin Zhijun , Zheng Wei , Long Quan , Guo Xingyi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have been successful in identifying disease susceptibility genes by integrating cis-variants predicted gene expression with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. However, trans-variants for predicting gene expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce transTF-TWAS, which incorporates transcription factor (TF)-linked trans-variants to enhance model building for TF downstream target genes. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, we predict gene expression and alternative splicing and applied these prediction models to large GWAS datasets for breast, prostate, lung cancers and other diseases. We demonstrate that transTF-TWAS outperforms other existing TWAS approaches in both constructing gene expression prediction models and identifying disease-associated genes, as shown by simulations and real data analysis. Our transTF-TWAS approach significantly contributes to the discovery of disease risk genes. Findings from this study shed new light on several genetically driven key TF regulators and their associated TF–gene regulatory networks underlying disease susceptibility.
Les objectifs des échanges sur les soins et de la planification préalable des soins chez les patients d’âge pédiatrique atteints d’une maladie grave
Authors: Rapoport Adam 
Published: November 2024

Résumé
Les échanges sur les soins et la planification préalable des soins visent à faire concorder les valeurs et les désirs des patients et de leur famille avec les soins qu’ils reçoivent. Tous les professionnels de la santé qui soignent des fœtus, des nourrissons, des enfants ou des adolescents atteints de maladies graves ont la responsabilité éthique de s’éduquer à l’égard de ces aspects des soins. Le présent document de principes aide les professionnels de la santé à entamer ces discussions importantes. Des communications efficaces sont essentielles pour clarifier les objectifs des soins et s’entendre sur les traitements adaptés à la réalisation de ces objectifs, y compris les mesures de réanimation et les mesures palliatives.
Contrasting copepod community composition in two Greenland fjords with different glacier types
Authors: Stuart-Lee Alice , Møller Eva Friis , Winding Mie , van Oevelen Dick , Hendry Katharine R , Meire Lorenz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Greenland's fjord ecosystems are strongly influenced by meltwater discharge from glaciers. Marine-terminating glaciers can significantly enhance primary production during the melt season (compared to land-terminating glaciers), but their impact on secondary producers is not well understood. Here, we study seasonal changes in the zooplankton community (&gt;50 μm) and grazing rates along two fjord transects in southwest Greenland influenced by different glacier types. Zooplankton biomass was comparable between the fjords, but community composition differed during summer. Nuup Kangerlua, a predominantly marine-terminating system, was characterized by large, herbivorous copepods and a longer summer grazing period in connection with the summer bloom. Ameralik, influenced by a land-terminating glacier, was characterized by small, omnivorous copepods, particularly Microsetella norvegica and Oncaea spp., and indicated a faster post-bloom transition towards regenerated production. Local hydrographic conditions also impact copepod biomass. A station with high biomass was found in Ameralik, potentially linked to a frontal zone where fjord water masses meet, providing favorable grazing conditions. We hypothesize that a future transformation from marine- to land-terminating glaciers could result in an increased abundance of smaller copepods, as observed in Ameralik. Such a community would constitute a less lipid-rich food source for higher trophic levels.
Competition and Innovation Revisited: A Project-Level View
Authors: Garfinkel Jon A , Hammoudeh Mosab 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We offer new evidence on the relationship between competition and innovation that overcomes two measurement difficulties compromising the extant literature: aggregation at either firm level (or higher) of innovative activity, and the mediating influence of distance-to-technological-frontier. FDA awards of Breakthrough Therapy Designations (BTDs) on specific drugs, instrument stochastic unleveling of therapeutic (ie, product) markets. Rivals’ innovative responses generally show an inverted-U pattern in ex ante competitiveness of the shocked market. However, the shape of the relation changes with distance to technological frontier in that market, proxied by whether the rival project uses one of the technologies embedded in the BTD-awarded drug.
Transient Ischemic Attack and Mild Stroke Participant Perspectives on Barriers and Enablers to Participation in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation
Authors: Walton Lucy , De Mendonca Juliana , Preston Elisabeth , Davey Rachel , Flynn Allyson , Freene Nicole 
Published: November 2024

Background
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation reduces the risk factors and recurrence of cardiovascular disease in patients with coronary heart disease. Despite similar risk factors, people with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and mild stroke do not attend cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR), including TIA, stroke, and coronary heart disease, could be a solution for increasing participation. Perspectives from TIA and stroke survivors on barriers and enablers to participation in CVR are limited, and implementation strategies for CVR are currently unknown.

Objectives
We sought to determine (1) What were the perspectives of participants with TIA and mild stroke on barriers and enablers to uptake, engagement, and participation in CVR? and (2) What implementation strategies may influence people with TIA and mild stroke to participate in CVR?

Methods
In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with CVR participants. Inductive thematic analysis was completed before deductively mapping themes to implementation frameworks, the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior Model and Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results
Twenty participants aged 73 ± 11 years were interviewed. Most were men, stroke survivors, tertiary educated, and retired. Six themes were generated to explain the barriers and enablers to CVR participation. Themes and subthemes mapped to 8 Theoretical Domains Framework domains and 5 Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior constructs. Prioritizing participants' physical and social opportunities, reflective motivation, and physical and psychological capabilities may improve their participation in CVR.

Conclusions
Barriers and enablers to CVR participation were similar to those in the coronary heart disease population. Increasing access and availability of CVR for people with TIA and mild stroke should be prioritized for future implementation.