bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution to generic modeling and vision-based control of a broad class of fully parallel robots
Authors: Dallej Tej , Andreff Nicolas , Martinet Philippe 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThis paper deals with a generic modeling and vision-based control approach for a broad class of parallel mechanisms. First, a generic architecture representing several families is proposed. Second, inspired by the geometry of lines, a generic differential inverse kinematic model according to the proposed generic structure is introduced. Finally, based on the image projection of cylindrical legs, a kinematic vision-based control using legs observation is presented. The approach is illustrated and validated on the Gough–Stewart and Par4 parallel robots.
Water intake from foods and beverages and risk of mortality from CVD: the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study
Authors: Cui Renzhe , Iso Hiroyasu , Eshak Ehab S , Maruyama Koutatsu , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   the JACC Study Group
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of water intake with risk of mortality from CVD.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting/SubjectsA total of 22 939 men and 35 362 women aged 40–79 years enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study with available data regarding water intake from foods and beverages. The underlying causes of death were determined based on the International Classification of Diseases.ResultsDuring the median 19·1 years of follow-up, 1637 men and 1707 women died from CVD. There was an inverse trend between high water intake and risk of CVD in both sexes. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of water intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95 % CI) for mortality from total CVD in the highest quintile of water intake were 0·88 (0·72, 1·07; P for trend=0·03) in men and 0·79 (0·66, 0·95; P for trend=0·10) in women. Those for CHD were 0·81 (0·54, 1·21; P for trend=0·06) in men and 0·60 (0·39, 0·93; P for trend=0·20) in women. Reduced risk of mortality from ischaemic stroke was also observed among women in the highest water intake quintile: 0·70 (0·47, 0·99; P for trend=0·19). There was no association between water intake and mortality from haemorrhagic stroke in either sex.ConclusionsHigher intake of fluids from foods and beverages was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality in both sexes and reduced risk of ischaemic stroke in women in Japan.
The influence of a community-level breast-feeding promotion intervention programme on breast-feeding practices in Myanmar
Authors: Thet May Me , Aung Tin , Diamond-Smith Nadia , Sudhinaraset May 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveBreast-feeding in the first 6 months of life is critical for ensuring both child health and well-being. Despite efforts to improve breast-feeding practices, recent studies have reported that Myanmar continues to have low rates of exclusive breast-feeding.Design/Setting/SubjectsA community-based breast-feeding promotion programme using trained community members was implemented for 1 year in hard-to-reach townships of Myanmar. The present study assessed the breast-feeding practices using a cross-sectional survey of 610 mothers of children under 2 years old: specifically, breast-feeding within 24 h, exclusive breast-feeding up to 6 months and breast-feeding duration.ResultsUsing Cox models for breast-feeding duration before 24 months, the hazard of breast-feeding cessation was lower in programme v. non-programme townships (hazard ratio (HR)=0·55; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·95). Mothers who worked as shop owners or ran a family business had lower hazard of breast-feeding cessation (HR=0·13, P<0·05) v. those who worked as supervisors, managers, self-employed and businesswomen. The hazard of breast-feeding cessation was higher in women in higher wealth quintiles v. those in the lowest quintile (lower quintile, HR=3·49, P<0·1; higher quintile, HR=3·50, P<0·1; highest quintile, HR=3·47, P<0·1).ConclusionsThe intervention did not affect exclusive breast-feeding practices or breast-feeding within the first 24 h. Potential reasons include existing high levels of early initiation of breast-feeding due to ongoing government-led maternal and child health activities, and social and traditional practices related to complementary feeding. Community-based breast-feeding programmes should continue to promote exclusive breast-feeding and develop strategies to support working mothers.
Quantitative Relationships Between Basalt Geochemistry, Shear Wave Velocity, and Asthenospheric Temperature Beneath Western North America
Authors: Klöcking M. , White N. J. , Maclennan J. , McKenzie D. , Fitton J. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWestern North America has an average elevation that is ∼2 km higher than cratonic North America. This difference coincides with a westward decrease in average lithospheric thickness from ∼240 to <100 km. Tomographic models show that slow shear wave velocity anomalies lie beneath this region, coinciding with the pattern of basaltic magmatism. To investigate relationships between magmatism, shear wave velocity, and temperature, we analyzed a suite of >260 basaltic samples. Forward and inverse modeling of carefully selected major, trace, and rare earth elements were used to determine melt fraction as a function of depth. Basaltic melt appears to have been generated by adiabatic decompression of dry peridotite with asthenospheric potential temperatures of 1340 ± 20 °C. Potential temperatures as high as 1365 °C were obtained for the Snake River Plain. For the youngest (i.e., <5 Ma) basalts with a subplate geochemical signature, there is a positive correlation between shear wave velocities and trace element ratios such as La/Yb. The significance of this correlation is explored by converting shear wave velocity into temperature using a global empirical parameterization. Calculated temperatures agree with those determined by inverse modeling of rare earth elements. We propose that regional epeirogenic uplift of western North America is principally maintained by widespread asthenospheric temperature anomalies lying beneath a lithospheric plate, which is considerably thinner than it was in Late Cretaceous times. Our proposal accounts for the distribution and composition of basaltic magmatism and is consistent with regional heat flow anomalies.
Time‐Asymmetric FORC Diagrams: A New Protocol for Visualizing Thermal Fluctuations and Distinguishing Magnetic Mineral Mixtures
Authors: Berndt Thomas A. , Chang Liao , Wang Shishun , Badejo Sijibomioluwa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFirst‐order reversal curves (FORCs) are nowadays routinely used to assess domain states and magnetostatic interactions of magnetic minerals. While a huge step forward from bulk magnetic measurements in terms of sample characterization, there is a missing link between the FORC diagrams and remanence behavior: FORC diagrams mainly reveal domain states, while remanence behavior is largely controlled by thermal activations. We present a new tool to visualize thermal fluctuations in so‐called time‐asymmetric (TA) FORC diagrams. TA‐FORCs differ from traditional FORCs in that they maintain the reversal field Ha for a longer time (minutes) than the FORC measurement field Hb (milliseconds). During this extended hold time, thermal activations cause some magnetic grains to change their magnetization, giving rise to an upward shift in the FORC diagram. The magnitude of this shift gives insight into the thermoviscous stability of the mineral and its remanence acquisition behavior. This not only allows to distinguish thermoviscous effects in FORC diagrams from magnetostatic (i.e., interactions/domain state related) effects but also provides a way to separate mixtures of magnetic minerals: two minerals with similar coercivity spectra that would totally overlap in traditional FORC diagrams show different upward shifts in TA‐FORC diagrams, which in some cases enable complete separation of the minerals visually. This effectively provides two independent FORC signatures for two magnetic constituents in a sample such as two grain populations of different grain sizes, grain shapes, and/or mineral.
The Seasonal Cycle of the South Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre Circulation as Revealed by Argo and Satellite Data
Authors: McMonigal K. , Beal Lisa M. , Willis Josh K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe seasonal variability in volume transport of the South Indian Ocean subtropical gyre is characterized for the first time. Only three complete hydrographic crossings of the gyre have been conducted over a 22‐year period, with an upcoming repeat in 2019. Changes to geostrophic transport and thermocline properties imply a strengthening of the gyre from 1987 to 2002. However, some of this strengthening could result from aliasing of seasonal variability. We use data from Argo, satellite altimetry, and an Agulhas Current transport proxy at 34∘S to quantify the seasonal variability of the upper 2,000‐m volume transport. A semiannual cycle is revealed, with peak‐to‐peak amplitude of 6.4 ± 3.1 Sv(1Sv = 106 m3 s−1) and dominated by annual anomalies in quadrature near the eastern and western boundaries. Seasonal aliasing does not account for the observed gyre strengthening.
Calculating Trajectories Associated With Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Medium
Authors: Vasco D. W. , Pride Steven R. , Zahasky Christopher , Benson Sally M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a trajectory‐based technique for calculating solute transport in a porous medium that has several advantages over existing methods. Unlike streamlines, the extended trajectories are influenced by each of the important parameters governing transport, including molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion. The approach is complete and does not require any additional techniques, such as operator splitting or particle tracking, in order to account for the full dispersion tensor. The semianalytic expressions make it clear how the flow field, the concentration distribution, and the dispersion tensor contribute to the velocity field of an injected solute. The equations are valid for an arbitrary porous medium, including those with rapid spatial variations in properties, overcoming limitations faced by previous approaches based upon asymptotic techniques. A test on a layered model with sharp boundaries indicates that the extended trajectories are compatible with the results of a numerical simulator and differ from streamlines. We also describe a new form of the dispersion tensor that incorporates a known asymmetry. The trajectories indicate that the modifications of the dispersion tensor lead to more focused transport within regions of high conductivity. Finally, the trajectories are used to define a semianalytic relationship between solute travel times and variations in solute velocities along a path that may be used for tomographic imaging. In an application to the injection of a radioactive tracer into a Berea sandstone core, monitored using micropositron emission tomographic (micro‐PET) observations, the sensitivities are used to map the spatial variations of permeability within the core.
Self-organized criticality and pattern emergence through the lens of tropical geometry
Authors: Kalinin N. , Guzmán-Sáenz A. , Prieto Y. , Shkolnikov M. , Kalinina V. , Lupercio E. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
A simple geometric continuous model of self-organized criticality (SOC) is proposed. This model belongs to the field of tropical geometry and appears as a scaling limit of the classical sandpile model. We expect that our observation will connect the study of SOC and pattern formation to other fields (such as algebraic geometry, topology, string theory, and many practical applications) where tropical geometry has already been successfully used.
In search of New Sweden: discovering the ‘American curiosities’ of Samuel Hesselius
Authors: Manhag Andreas , Wittrock Hanna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In 1736 Samuel Hesselius, former pastor for the Swedish parishes in Pennsylvania, donated a collection of ‘American curiosities’ to Lund University in Sweden. Within less than twenty years, however, the collection had apparently disappeared. In the course of the past three decades the lost ethnographic artefacts have received increasing attention, but for a variety of reasons the collection has remained undetected – despite its importance having been highlighted by scholars from several academic fields since 1871 and despite the fact that the majority of the ethnographic artefacts ultimately turned out to have been on public display throughout this period (albeit with erroneous provenances) at the Historical Museum. Through examination of the archives and collections of Lund University, we have now been able to trace Hesselius’s ethnographic material – one of the oldest and largest collections of its kind – so that it now provides an invaluable snapshot of early eighteenth-century America.
Kingdom-wide comparison reveals conserved diurnal gene expression in Archaeplastida
Authors: Ferrari Camilla , Proost Sebastian , Janowski Marcin , Becker Jörg , Nikoloski Zoran , Bhattacharya Debashish , Price Dana , Tohge Takayuki , Bar-Even Arren , Fernie Alisdair , Stitt Mark , Mutwil Marek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlants have adapted to the diurnal light-dark cycle by establishing elaborate transcriptional programs that coordinate innumerable metabolic, physiological, and developmental responses to the external environment. These transcriptional programs have been studied in only a few species, and their function and conservation across algae and plants is currently unknown. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the diurnal cycle of nine members of Archaeplastida, and we observed that, despite large phylogenetic distances and dramatic differences in morphology and lifestyle, diurnal transcriptional programs of these organisms are similar. However, the establishment of multicellularity coincided with the uncoupling of cell division from the diurnal cycle and decreased diurnal control of the expression of the biological pathways. Hence, our study provides evidence for the universality of diurnal gene expression and elucidates its evolutionary history among different photosynthetic eukaryotes.
The comparative and genetic methods for East European Unionidae taxonomy
Authors: Anisimova Aleksandra S. , Abdrakhmanov Alibek , Neretina Tatyana V. , Kondrashov Alexey S. , Bogatov Victor V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTaxonomy of freshwater mussels from family Unionidae has been ambiguous for a long time. A number of methods used for their identification, including the so-called comparative method, are based on shell morphology. However, this morphology turned out to have a high level of within-species variation, and the shape of the shell of a specimen depends strongly on its environment and conditions of growth. For these reasons, the number of species recognized by the comparative method kept increasing. We applied both the comparative morphological method and methods of molecular genetics to address the taxonomy of Unionidae. We performed the comprehensive study of 70 specimens of Unionidae mussels collected from the River Ivitza, Volga basin. The specimens represented 14 comparative species, belonging to 4 comparative genera of Unionidae: Colletopterum, Pseudanodonta, Unio and Crassiana. Sequencing of the nuclear (ITS1) and mitochondrial (COI, 16S rDNA) genetic regions revealed 5 groups with high within-group genetic homogeneity separated from each other by long genetic distances. According to the comparison with the available sequences, these groups correspond to 3 Eastern European genera and 5 species: Anodonta anatina, Pseudanodonta complanata, Unio pictorum, Unio tumidus and Unio crassus. The results obtained indicate that the comparative method is inappropriate for the taxonomic analysis of East European Unionidae.
The Subjective Value of Cognitive Effort is Encoded by a Domain-General Valuation Network
Authors: Westbrook Andrew , Lamichhane Bidhan , Braver Todd 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCognitive control is necessary for goal-directed behavior, yet people treat control as costly, discounting goal value by cognitive demands in a similar manner as they would for delayed or risky outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether a putatively domain-general valuation network implicated in other cost domains also encodes the subjective value (SV) of cognitive effort. Here, we demonstrate that a valuation network, centered on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum, also encodes SV during cognitive effort-based decision-making. We doubly dissociate this network from a primarily frontoparietal network recruited as a function of decision difficulty. We also find evidence that SV signals predict choice and are influenced by state and trait motivation, including sensitivity to reward and anticipated task performance. These findings unify cognitive effort with other cost domains, and inform physiological mechanisms of SV representations underlying the willingness to expend cognitive effort.
Decoupling between causal understanding and awareness during learning and inference
Authors: Lee Jihyea , Kralik Jerald D. , Cha YuJin , Heo Suyeon , Lee Sang Wan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCausal reasoning is a principal higher-cognitive ability of humans, however, much remains unknown, including (a) the type (systematic versus intermixed) and order (inductive-then-deductive or vice versa) of experience that best achieves causal-chain extraction; (b) how inferences generalize to novel problems, especially with one-shot experience; and (c) how metacognition, reflected in uncertainty of one’s knowledge, relates to actual knowledge. We tested people on a realistic cancer biology task (e.g., ‘seroc’ chemicals inducing tumors with subsequent effects). Systematic experience was superior, with some evidence that the inductive-then-deductive order promoted stronger one-shot generalization. Notably, uncertainty was decoupled from actual knowledge, with the deductive-then-inductive group being overconfident, likely reflecting lack of awareness of the inductive component; while those with successful one-shot generalization held lower confidence, reflecting generalization with minimal experience, while remaining skeptical. Our findings clarify processes underlying causal reasoning, and reveal a complex relationship between causal reasoning and metacognitive awareness of it.
Key to identification of starch grains used as foods
Authors: Medeiros Artur Manoel Leite , Marques Carlos Alexandre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe description of starch grains is important in different areas, such as bromatological, taxonomic, or archaeobotanic analyzes, among others. Although there are data on the microscopic description of starches used as foods, this work has proposed the development of a key to identify the starch grains in 13 raw materials obtained in specialized stores, markets and fairs to facilitate its identification. For optical microscopy, the material was deposited on a slide, being sealed with a coverslip in 50% glycerin. The samples were also mounted on double-sided tape and colloidal graphite on aluminum stubs and analyzed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, an unpublished starch identification key is proposed, together with the update of important data for its morphological description.
Stable biphasic interfaces for open microfluidic platforms
Authors: Lee Ulri N. , Berthier Jean , Yu Jiaquan , Berthier Erwin , Theberge Ashleigh B. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe present an open microfluidic platform that enables stable flow of an organic solvent over an aqueous solution. The device features apertures connecting a lower aqueous channel to an upper solvent compartment that is open to air, enabling easy removal of the solvent for analysis. We have previously shown that related open biphasic systems enable steroid hormone extraction from human cells in microscale culture and secondary metabolite extraction from microbial culture; here we build on our prior work by determining conditions under which the system can be used with extraction solvents of ranging polarities, a critical feature for applying this extraction platform to diverse classes of metabolites. We develop an analytical model that predicts the limits of stable aqueous-organic interfaces based on analysis of Laplace pressure. With this analytical model and experimental testing, we developed generalized design rules for creating stable open microfluidic biphasic systems with solvents of varying densities, aqueous-organic interfacial tensions, and polarities. The stable biphasic interfaces afforded by this device will enable on-chip extraction of diverse metabolite structures and novel applications in microscale biphasic chemical reactions.
A feature selection strategy for gene expression time series experiments with hidden Markov models
Authors: Cárdenas-Ovando Roberto A. , Fernández-Figueroa Edith A. , Rueda-Zárate Héctor A. , Noguez Julieta , Rangel-Escarenõ Claudia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies conducted in time series could be far more informative than those questioning at a specific moment in time. However, when it comes to genomic data, time points are sparse creating the need for a constant search for methods capable of extracting information out of experiments of this kind. We propose a feature selection algorithm embedded in a hidden Markov model applied to gene expression time course data on either single or even multiple biological conditions. For the latter, in a simple case-control study features or genes are selected under the assumption of no change over time for the control samples, while the case group must have at least one change. The proposed model reduces the feature space according to a two-state hidden Markov model. The two states define change/no-change in gene expression. Features are ranked in consonance with three scores: number of changes across time, magnitude of such changes and quality of replicates as a measure of how much they deviate from the mean. An important highlight is that this strategy overcomes the few samples limitation, common in genomic experiments through a process of data transformation and rearrangement. To prove this method, our strategy was applied to three publicly available data sets. Results show that feature domain is reduced to up to 90% leaving only few but relevant features yet with findings consistent to those previously reported. Moreover, our strategy proved to be robust, stable and working on studies where sample size is an issue otherwise. Hence, even with two biological replicates and/or three time points our method proves to work well.