bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Hydroxynitrile Lyases from Two Variants of Passion Fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims and Passiflora edulis Forma flavicarpa, by C‐Terminal Truncation
Authors: Nuylert Aem , Motojima Fumihiro , Khanongnuch Chartchai , Hongpattarakere Tipparat , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBecause the synthesis of chiral compounds generally requires a broad range of substrate specificity and stable enzymes, screening for better enzymes and/or improvement of enzyme properties through molecular approaches is necessary for sustainable industrial development. Herein, the discovery of unique hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) from two species of passion fruits, Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa (yellow passion fruit, PeHNL‐Ny) and Passiflora edulis Sims (purple passion fruit, PeHNL‐Np), isolated and purified from passion fruit leaves is reported. These are the smallest HNLs (comprising 121 amino acids). Amino acid sequences of both enzymes are 99 % identical; there is a difference of one amino acid in a consensus sequence. PeHNL‐Np has an Ala residue at position 107 and is nonglycosylated at Asn105. Because it was confirmed that natural and glycosylated PeHNL‐Ny showed superior thermostability, pH stability, and organic tolerance to that of PeHNL‐Np, it has been speculated that protein engineering around the only glycosylation site, Asn105, located at the C‐terminal region of PeHNL‐Ny, might contribute to the stabilization of PeHNL. Therefore, the focus is on improved stability of the nonglycosylated PeHNL by truncating its C‐terminal region. The C‐terminal‐truncated PeHNLΔ107 was obtained by truncating 15 amino acids from the C terminus followed by expression in Escherichia coli. PeHNLΔ107 expressed in E. coli was not glycosylated, and showed improved thermostability, solvent stability, and reusability similar to that of the wild‐type glycosylated form of PeHNL expressed in Pichia pastoris. These data reveal that the lack of the high‐flexibility region at the C terminus of PeHNL might be a possible reason for improving the stability of PeHNL.
Multiple myeloma with clivus involvement, neurological symptoms, and 45 g/L proteinorachia
Authors: Chantran Yannick , Lavillegrand Jean‐Rémi , Lefrere Bertrand , Gaillet Antoine , Aucouturier Pierre , Garderet Laurent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mechanical obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow can lead to very high hyperproteinorachia. In myeloma, tumoral clivus obstruction can cause such high proteinorachia, associated with paraprotein detection in the CSF in absence of intrathecal synthesis.
Preoperative endoscopic tattooing for colonic polyp localization: From blue to black
Authors: Blouhos Konstantinos , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Paraskeva Aikaterini , Gravalidou Ioanna , Chatzipourganis Konstantinos , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen surgical polypectomy and not segmental resection is planned, preoperative endoscopic tattooing with high‐volume undiluted methylene blue should be avoided as it can result in colon perforation.
The sublingual use of atropine in the treatment of clozapine‐induced sialorrhea: A systematic review
Authors: Van der Poorten Thomas , De Hert Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClozapine is considered the golden standard in the treatment of therapy‐resistant schizophrenia; however, it associated with bothersome side effects such as sialorrhea. Current evidence suggests that the sublingual use of atropine seems to be safe and effective and could be considered as a first‐line treatment of clozapine‐induced sialorrhea.
Prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa and the course of the cord vessels contribute to the safety of cesarean sections: A case report
Authors: Aoki Mihoko , Obata Soichiro , Odagami Mizuha , Miyagi Etsuko , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVasa previa can occur even in cases without placental malposition and the precise diagnosis of vasa previa, and the course of the cord vessels contributes to a safe delivery. The color Doppler is a useful and easy‐to‐use device to confirm the presence of vasa previa.
A case of effective oral rehabilitation after mandibular resection
Authors: Kataoka Toshiyuki , Akagi Yuichi , Kagawa Chie , Sasaki Ryo , Okamoto Toshihiro , Ando Tomohiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRadical mandible resection causes significant functional and cosmetic impairment. Nonvascularized bone reconstruction and oral rehabilitation using fixed prosthesis with dental implants enabled recovery of appearance and mastication function.
Bimetal Networked Nanosheets CoxNi3−xS2 as An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yao Jing , Bai Lina , Ma Xinzhi , Zhang Mingyi , Li Lu , Zhou Gang , Gao Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor the first time, 3D networked CoxNi3−xS2 nanosheets were facilely grown on Ni foam via two‐step hydrothermal method forming a composite electrode (CoxNi3−xS2/NF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline condition. With x value being 1.4, the as‐prepared Co1.4Ni1.6S2/NF shows superior performance as a HER electrode with low overpotentials of 68 mV, 160 mV and 226 mV at current densities of 10, 50 and 100 mA cm−2 respectively and exhibits remarkable electrochemical durability for 50 h in 1.0 M KOH solution. We propose that the synergistic and electron‐coupling effect between Co and Ni atoms in the CoxNi3−xS2/NF networked nanosheets lead to abundant active sites on surface and optimizes electronic structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate the introduction of Co atom can reduce the adsorption of H* thus optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy. The CoxNi3−xS2 nanosheets not only break through the limitations of traditional Ni−Co−S materials at the ratio of Ni and Co : S as 3 : 4 but also improve the activity of hydrogen evolution. The 3D CoxNi3−xS2/NF nanomaterials become a promising alternative to the Pt‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Model‐Informed Dose Selection for Xentuzumab, a Dual Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I/II—Neutralizing Antibody
Authors: Parra‐Guillen Zinnia P. , Schmid Ulrike , Janda Alvaro , Freiwald Matthias , Troconiz Iñaki F. 
Published: September 2019

Over the past decade, the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐signaling pathway has gained substantial interest as potential therapeutic target in oncology. Xentuzumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, binds to IGF‐I and IGF‐II thereby inhibiting the downstream signaling essential for survival and tumor growth. This pathway is further regulated by circulating IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In this work, a mechanistic model characterizing the dynamics and interactions of IGFs, IGFBPs, and Xentuzumab has been developed to guide dose selection. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo literature information was combined with temporal IGF‐I, IGF‐II, and IGFBP‐3 total plasma concentrations from two phase I studies. Based on the established quantitative framework, the time‐course of free IGFs as ultimate drug targets not measured in clinics was predicted. Finally, a dose of 1000 mg/week—predicted to reduce free IGF‐I and free IGF‐II at steady‐state by at least 90% and 64%, respectively—was suggested for phase II.
Melamine‐Based Microporous Organic Framework Thin Films on an Alumina Membrane for High‐Flux Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Amirilargani Mohammad , Yokota Giovana N. , Vermeij Gijs H. , Merlet Renaud B. , Delen Guusje , Mandemaker Laurens D. B. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Winnubst Louis , Nijmeijer Arian , de Smet Louis C. P. M. , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroporous polymer frameworks have attracted considerable attention to make novel separation layers owing to their highly porous structure, high permeability, and excellent molecular separation. This study concerns the fabrication and properties of thin melamine‐based microporous polymer networks with a layer thickness of around 400 nm, supported on an α‐alumina support and their potential use in organic solvent nanofiltration. The modified membranes show excellent solvent purification performances, such as n‐heptane permeability as high as 9.2 L m−2 h−1 bar −1 in combination with a very high rejection of approximately 99 % for organic dyes with molecular weight of ≥457 Da. These values are higher than for the majority of the state‐of‐the‐art membranes. The membranes further exhibit outstanding long‐term operation stability. This work significantly expands the possibilities of using ceramic membranes in organic solvent nanofiltration.
Genetic diversity and demographic history of introduced sika deer on the Delmarva Peninsula
Authors: Kalb David M. , Delaney Deborah A. , DeYoung Randy W. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe introduction of non‐native species can have long‐term effects on native plant and animal communities. Introduced populations are occasionally not well understood and offer opportunities to evaluate changes in genetic structure through time and major population changes such as bottleneck and or founder events. Invasive species can often evolve rapidly in new and novel environments, which could be essential to their long‐term success. Sika deer are native to East Asia, and their introduction and establishment to the Delmarva Peninsula, USA, is poorly documented, but probably involved ≥1 founder and/or bottleneck events. We quantified neutral genetic diversity in the introduced population and compared genetic differentiation and diversity to the presumed source population from Yakushima Island, Japan, and a captive population of sika deer in Harrington, Delaware, USA. Based on the data from 10 microsatellite DNA loci, we observed reduced genetic variation attributable to founder events, support for historic hybridization events, and evidence that the population did originate from Yakushima Island stocks. Estimates of population structure through Bayesian clustering and demographic history derived from approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), were consistent with the hypothesized founder history of the introduced population in both timing and effective population size (approximately five effective breeding individuals, an estimated 36 generations ago). Our ABC results further supported a single introduction into the wild happening before sika deer spread throughout the Delmarva. We conclude that free‐ranging sika deer on Delmarva are descended from ca. five individuals introduced about 100 years ago from captive stocks of deer maintained in the United Kingdom. Free‐ranging sika deer on Delmarva have lost neutral diversity due to founder and bottleneck events, yet populations have expanded in recent decades and show no evidence of abnormalities associated with inbreeding. We suggest management practices including increasing harvest areas and specifically managing sika deer outside of Maryland.
Evolutionary relationship of fat body endoreduplication and queen fecundity in termites
Authors: Nozaki Tomonari , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndoreduplication or nuclear genome replication without cell division is widely observed in the metabolically active tissues of plants and animals. The fat body cells of adult female insects produce abundant yolk proteins and become polyploid, which is assumed to accelerate egg production. Recently, it was reported that in termites, endopolyploidy in the fat body occurs only in queens but not in the other females; however, the relationship between the fecundity and ploidy level in the fat body remains unclear. Termite queens exhibit a huge variation in their egg‐producing capacity among different species; queens in the species with a foraging lifestyle, in which workers leave the nest to forage outside, are much more fecund than those in the species living in a single piece of wood. In this study, we conducted ploidy analyses on three foragings and three wood‐dwelling termites via flow cytometry. In all the species, the fat body of queens contained significantly more polyploid cells than that of other nonreproductive females, considering their body size effect. However, the male fat body, which is not involved in yolk production, did not show consistency in polyploid cell numbers among the species studied. Moreover, highly fecund queens in foraging termites exhibit higher levels of endopolyploidy in their fat body than those with less fecundity in wood‐dwelling termites. These results suggest that endopolyploidy in the fat body of termite queens can boost their egg production, and the level of endopolyploidy in their fat body is linked to their fecundity. Our study provides a novel insight into the evolutionary relationship between endoreduplication and caste specialization in social insects.
Predicting resilience of ecosystem functioning from co‐varying species' responses to environmental change
Authors: Greenwell Matthew P. , Brereton Tom , Day John C. , Roy David B. , Oliver Tom H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how environmental change affects ecosystem function delivery is of primary importance for fundamental and applied ecology. Current approaches focus on single environmental driver effects on communities, mediated by individual response traits. Data limitations present constraints in scaling up this approach to predict the impacts of multivariate environmental change on ecosystem functioning.We present a more holistic approach to determine ecosystem function resilience, using long‐term monitoring data to analyze the aggregate impact of multiple historic environmental drivers on species' population dynamics. By assessing covariation in population dynamics between pairs of species, we identify which species respond most synchronously to environmental change and allocate species into “response guilds.” We then use “production functions” combining trait data to estimate the relative roles of species to ecosystem functions. We quantify the correlation between response guilds and production functions, assessing the resilience of ecosystem functioning to environmental change, with asynchronous dynamics of species in the same functional guild expected to lead to more stable ecosystem functioning.Testing this method using data for butterflies collected over four decades in the United Kingdom, we find three ecosystem functions (resource provisioning, wildflower pollination, and aesthetic cultural value) appear relatively robust, with functionally important species dispersed across response guilds, suggesting more stable ecosystem functioning. Additionally, by relating genetic distances to response guilds we assess the heritability of responses to environmental change. Our results suggest it may be feasible to infer population responses of butterflies to environmental change based on phylogeny—a useful insight for conservation management of rare species with limited population monitoring data.Our approach holds promise for overcoming the impasse in predicting the responses of ecosystem functions to environmental change. Quantifying co‐varying species' responses to multivariate environmental change should enable us to significantly advance our predictions of ecosystem function resilience and enable proactive ecosystem management.
Analytical tools for monitoring changes in physical and chemical properties of chromatography resin upon reuse
Authors: Pathak Mili , Lintern Katherine , Johnson Thomas F. , Nair Aswathy M. , Mukherji Soumyo , Bracewell Daniel G. , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProtein A resins are often reused for multiple cycles to improve process economy during mAb purification. Significant reduction in binding capacity and product recovery are typically observed due to the presence of unwanted materials (foulants) deposited on the resin upon reuse. In this paper, we have used a wide spectrum of qualitative and quantitative analytical tools (particle size analysis, HPLC, fluorescence, SEM, MS, and FTIR) to compare the strengths and shortcomings of different analytical tools in terms of their capability to detect the fouling of the resin and relate it to chromatographic cycle performance. While each tool offers an insight into this complex phenomena, fluorescence is the only one that can be used for real‐time monitoring of resin fouling. A correlation could be established between fluorescence intensity and the process performance attributes (like yield or binding capacity) impacted upon resin reuse. This demonstration of the application of fluorescence for real‐time monitoring correlated empirically with process performance attributes and the results support its use as a PAT tool as part of a process control strategy. While the focus of this paper is on fouling of protein A chromatography resin, the approach and strategy are pertinent to other modes of chromatography as well.
Microalgal kinetics — a guideline for photobioreactor design and process development
Authors: Schediwy Kira , Trautmann Andreas , Steinweg Christian , Posten Clemens 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKinetics generally describes bio‐(chemical) reaction rates in dependence on substrate concentrations. Kinetics for microalgae is often adapted from heterotrophs and lacks mechanistic foundation, e.g. for light harvesting. Using and understanding kinetic equations as the representation of intracellular mechanisms is essential for reasonable comparisons and simulations of growth behavior. Summarizing growth kinetics in one equation does not yield reliable models. Piecewise linear or rational functions may mimic photosynthesis irradiance response curves, but fail to represent the mechanisms. Our modeling approach for photoautotrophic growth comprises physical and kinetic modules with mechanistic foundation extracted from the literature. Splitting the light submodel into the modules for light distribution, light absorption, and photosynthetic sugar production with independent parameters allows the transfer of kinetics between different reactor designs. The consecutive anabolism depends among others on nutrient concentrations. The nutrient uptake kinetics largely impacts carbon partitioning in the reviewed stoichiometry range of cellular constituents. Consecutive metabolic steps mask each other and demand a maximum value understandable as the minimum principle of growth. These fundamental modules need to be clearly distinguished, but may be modified or extended based on process conditions and progress in research. First, discussion of kinetics helps to understand the physiological situation, for which ranges of parameter values are given. Second, kinetics should be used for photobioreactor design, but also for gassing and nutrient optimization. Numerous examples are given for both aspects. Finally, measuring kinetics more comprehensively and precisely will help in improved process development.
Performance enhancement by optimizing the reformer for an internal reforming methanol fuel cell
Authors: Ji Feng , Yang Linlin , Li Yinhua , Sun Hai , Sun Gongquan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternal reforming methanol fuel cell (IRMFC) has potential applications in portable or stationary power supply system, but currently performance of the IRMFC is limited by the low hydrogen production of its reformer. In order to produce more hydrogen with less volume, in this paper a single channel serpentine packed bed reformer was designed, and its bed size was optimized by experiment and numerical simulation to enhance heat transfer and increase catalyst utilization. It was found that with the bed diameter from 5.8 mm down to 3.8 mm, the reformer temperature distribution was more uniform but the bed pressure drop increased a lot. Considering performance and pressure drop, the reformer of 5 mm was optimal, per milliliters of which could supply 9.8 mL/min hydrogen at 453 K, almost twice as much as that by A. Mendes et al with one‐third of their catalyst loading. The reformer was quite stable, and less than 10% decline in methanol conversion was observed during the 100 hours period at 473 K. When incorporated into an IRMFC single cell, power density of the single cell reached 0.45‐0.55 W/cm2 at 453‐473 K under CH3OH solution and air feed, the highest in existing reports. The main drawback has to do with low stability of the IRMFC single cell at high current density.
The evolution of sandstone microstructure and mechanical properties with thermal damage
Authors: Lei Ruide , Wang Yao , Zhang Liang , Liu Bolong , Long Kun , Luo Peng , Wang YaKun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe physical and mechanical properties of rocks at high temperatures change considerably with geothermal exploitation, underground coal gasification, and nuclear engineering construction, posing a threat to the safety of underground engineering. To investigate the effect of temperature on micro‐ and macroscale damage of sandstone, a series of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted using an MTS 815 mechanical testing system. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were also employed. Macroscopically, it was found that the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone change with treatment temperature, but these changes do not follow a monotonic trend. In addition, the brittle‐ductile transition occurs at approximately 600°C, which is further confirmed by AE monitoring. Regarding the microstructural evolution of sandstone, the percentage of micropores shows a monotonically decreasing trend with increasing treatment temperature. The change in mesopores decreases slightly first, then shows a gradual increase, and finally decreases. The macropores first decrease and subsequently increase with increasing temperature. The decreasing trend of the meso‐ and macropores is attributed to thermal expansion at a relatively low temperature. However, the decrease in mesopores is due to their coalescence into macropores at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the integral value of the NMR spectrum first decreases and then increases with increasing treatment temperature, corresponding to the decrease in porosity from 25°C to 200°C, and then increases with temperature to 900°C. Finally, a constitutive model for the deformation and fracture of sandstone is established based on the effective medium theory and AE energy. The present study is helpful for improving the understanding of the process of thermal damage sandstone from both micro‐ and macroscale perspectives.