bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Complexes Stabilized by Chalcogen and Alkaline‐Earth Bonds: Crucial Role of Cooperativity and Secondary Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Mó Otilia , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh‐level G4 calculations show that the strength of chalcogen interactions is enhanced dramatically if chalcogen compounds simultaneously form alkaline‐earth bonds. This phenomenon is studied by exploring binary YX2⋅⋅⋅N‐Base complexes and two types of ternary MCl2⋅⋅⋅YX2⋅⋅⋅N‐Base, YX2⋅⋅⋅N‐Base⋅⋅⋅MCl2complexes, in which YX2is a chalcogen compound (Y=S, Se; X=F, Cl), theN‐Bases aresp,sp2, andsp3bases (NCH, HN=CH2, NH3), and MCl2are alkaline‐earth BeCl2or MgCl2derivatives. Starting from the chalcogen‐bonded complexes YX2⋅⋅⋅NH3and YX2⋅⋅⋅HN=CH2, the binding site of a new incoming alkaline‐earth bond is found, surprisingly, to depend on the nature of the halogen atom attached to the chalcogen. For the YF2binary complexes the association site is the F atom of the YF2subunit, whereas for YCl2it is the N atom of the nitrogen base. Regarding YX2⋅⋅⋅NCH complexes, N is the most favorable site for an alkaline‐earth interaction in ternary complexes, regardless of which YX2derivative is used. The explanation relies on the interplay of all the noncovalent interactions involved: the strong cooperativity between chalcogen and alkaline‐earth bonds, and the appearance of secondary noncovalent interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds.
Mono‐ and Dianion of a Bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene Derivative
Authors: Ji Lei , Hahn Sebastian , Biegger Phillip , Reiss Hilmar , Han Jie , Friedrich Alexandra , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Moos Michael , Freudenberg Jan , Lambert Christoph , Dreuw Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene derivative was reduced to its radical anion and its dianion, using potassium [18]crown‐6 anthracenide in THF. Both reduced species were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy of the isolated species and by spectroelectrochemistry. Two distinct single‐crystal structures of the dianion and an EPR spectrum of the radical anion were obtained. Contrary to other azaacenes, the lowest energy absorption in the UV/Vis spectrum of the dianion is redshifted in comparison to that of the neutral compound.
Rundum gut gelaufen
Authors: Sieß Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIm Jahr 2018 ist der Schweizer Messtechnik‐Spezialist Endress+Hauser über alle Regionen, Branchen und Produktbereiche hinweg kräftig gewachsen. Auftragseingang, Umsatz, Gewinn und Beschäftigungsrate haben neue Höchstwerte erreicht. Nur wenn diese vier Faktoren gleichzeitig erfüllt sind, so Klaus Endress, der Vorsitzende des Verwaltungsrates, erlaube sich das Familienunternehmen, von einem weiteren „Besten Jahr“ zu sprechen.
Entkoppelt
Authors: Ditting Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCyberbedrohungen werden als kritisches Gefahrenpotential für alle Unternehmen erkannt. Sie rangieren laut einer aktuellen Allianz Studie mittlerweile auf Rang 2 – gleich hinter den Gefahren, die durch einen kompletten Zusammenbruch der Supply Chain entstehen – und noch vor Naturkatastrophen und ungünstigen Marktentwicklungen. Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet, wie die Prozessindustrie einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz in der Funktionalen Sicherheit umsetzen kann, um das Risiko für Anlagen im digitalen Zeitalter zu minimieren.
An der Grenze des technisch Machbaren
Authors: Jakobs Dirk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBei der Produktion von Lithiumakkumulatoren stellt die Aufbereitung der erforderlichen Rohstoffe höchste Qualitätsanforderungen – und zwar an der Grenze des technisch Machbaren. So sind bei den Kathodenmassen z. B. Kontaminationen durch Fremdionen, insbesondere durch Eisen, unbedingt zu vermeiden. Lödige begegnet dieser anspruchsvollen prozesstechnischen Aufgabe mit einer speziellen Ausführung des bewährten Pflugschar‐Mischers, von der in den letzten fünf Jahren bereits über 200 Maschinen weltweit verkauft wurden.
Effect of Taylor Vortex on Melt Crystallization of Fatty Acids
Authors: Yamamoto Takuji , Itoh Kazuhiro , Maeda Kouji , Fukui Keisuke , Kuramochi Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBy employing an annular‐cylindrical‐type apparatus operated under a constant cooling rate, melt crystallization is studied to condense a saturated fatty acid (FA) from a binary mixture of the saturated FA with unsaturated FA. In the annular space between the stationary outer cylinder and the rotating inner cylinder, counter‐rotating toroidal vortices, that is, the Taylor vortices are observed. The vortices are found to play a unique role in the solidification of FAs to form a unique wavy layer on the inner cylinder. The mass and heat transfer analysis by numerical calculation reveals that both the velocity and temperature distributions change depending on the position in the annular space because of the centrifugal or centripetal radial flow caused by the Taylor vortices.
Framing the evolution of corporate social responsibility as a discipline (1973–2018): A large‐scale scientometric analysis
Authors: Ferramosca Silvia , Verona Roberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing a scientometric approach, this study frames the evolution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research over a period of 46 years. It carries out a statistical‐historical analysis mapping the main topics, references, sources, and countries of publication emergent in the CSR research. We apply this combination of bibliometric analyses on a sample of 2,583 CSR studies derived from Scopus (1973–2018). These analyses illustrate the interdisciplinary character of CSR. Second, this study recognises numerous topics in the history of CSR research and demonstrates how these topics emerge, vanish, or become steady over time. Third, the patterns of evolution in terms of topics are reflected in scientific journal specialisation and country coauthorship collaborations. Finally, this research provides the latest evaluation on the state of the art in this field, highlighting the newest and hottest topics. By plotting out the evolution of CSR research, practical implications are identified.
Seeing the light: urban stream restoration affects stream metabolism and nitrate uptake via changes in canopy cover
Authors: Reisinger Alexander J. , Doody Thomas R. , Groffman Peter M. , Kaushal Sujay S. , Rosi Emma J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that “if you build it, [the function] will come,” current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies that may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two‐year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole‐stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3−‐N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3−‐N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3−‐N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored‐restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3−‐N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP : ER seasonality, with restored and open‐canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP : ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision‐making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and trade‐offs among multiple ecosystem services.
Micro‐ or macroscale? Which one best predicts the establishment of an endemic Atlantic Forest palm?
Authors: Oda Gabriela Akemi Macedo , de Siqueira Marinez Ferreira , Pires Alexandra dos Santos , de Cássia Quitete Portela Rita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHistorically, macroecology and microecology have diverged with regard to the niche concept. A better understanding of functioning ecological systems, however, depends on an integrative approach to this concept at different spatial scales. A mixed approach, merging macro‐ and microscale by validating ecological niche modeling (ENM) with the results of in situ experiments and environmental data collection was used to understand if areas identified by ENM as highly suitable for adult palms are also adequate for seedling establishment. Syagrus weddelliana's (Arecaceae) distribution range falls within the Atlantic Rain Forest, and more specifically Serra dos Órgãos region (Rio de Janeiro state), southeastern Brazil. The following steps were performed: (a) ENM to delimit the area of occurrence of S. weddelliana and locate experimental areas; (b) a seed sowing experiment in areas with presence or absence of the species in areas of high or low environmental suitability at 36 experimental stations; and (c) characterization of each microhabitat which was related back to the macroscale results of ENM. Evidence of biotic and abiotic limitations was found for S. weddelliana distribution. Areas of higher suitability had lower seed predation rates and, consequently, higher seed germination rates. On the other hand, areas with low environmental suitability at the macroscale were divided into two types: areas with microhabitat similar to that of areas with high environmental suitability that had some germination despite high predation and areas with different environmental conditions that had no germination and high predation rates. Seedlings and adults had different abiotic requirements. Microhabitat conditions were more important for the initial establishment of S. weddelliana than macroclimatic variables. This finding demonstrates that macro‐ and microecological information works in a complementary way to a better understanding of the distribution of S. weddelliana.
Optimal economic productivity of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria with production possibility curves
Authors: Lin Tachen , Chen Chunyeh , Chen Bangyuan , Shaw Jeifu , Chen Yuhshuen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is important that exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antioxidant activities are produced economically, as it can confer beneficial effects on human health. A model of production possibility curve (PPC) was conducted to the optimal productivity of EPS for the purpose of economic production. The results revealed that the optimal productivity of EPS was approached to the set by NB (90%) and MRS (55%) broth from PPC with equation of PPC(Y) = 100–0.0335*EXP(0.08*X). The EPS productivity and yield of strain LaP with optimal production set (OPS) were, respectively, 291.0 ± 2.6 mg and 13.5 ± 0.7%, and the cost of OPS can be saved by about 31.6%, while that for strain BaP were 280.7 ± 2.5 mg and 13.0 ± 0.7%, respectively, and with 31.6% saved as well. Besides, the EPS produced from PPC mode has appropriate antioxidant ability with 34.6 ± 0.7% (LaP) and 37.6 ± 0.9 (%) (BaP) of DPPH radical scavenging activity under the economic cost. The strategy of controlling the medium composition not only could improve the productivity of EPS, but also enhance the antioxidant effects of EPS. Both LaP and BaP with antioxidant potential may be useful as supplements in the health‐promoting food industry.
Gray matter T1‐w/T2‐w ratios are higher in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pelkmans Wiesje , Dicks Ellen , Barkhof Frederik , Vrenken Hugo , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Tijms Betty M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMyelin determines the conduction of neuronal signals along axonal connections in networks of the brain. Loss of myelin integrity in neuronal circuits might result in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the ratio of T1‐weighted by T2‐weighted MRI has been used as a proxy for myelin content in gray matter of the cortex. With this approach, we investigated whether AD dementia patients show lower cortical myelin content (i.e., a lower T1‐w/T2‐w ratio value). We selected structural T1‐w and T2‐w MR images of 293 AD patients and 172 participants with normal cognition (NC). T1‐w/T2‐w ratios were computed for the whole brain and within 90 automated anatomical labeling atlas regions using SPM12, compared between groups and correlated with the neuronal injury marker tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). In contrast to our hypothesis, AD patients showed higher whole brain T1‐w/T2‐w ratios than NC, and regionally in 31 anatomical areas (p < .0005; d = 0.21 to 0.48), predominantly in the inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate, and precuneus. Regional higher T1‐w/T2‐w values were associated with higher CSF tau concentrations (p < .0005; r = .16 to .22) and worse MMSE scores (p < .0005; r = −.16 to −.21). These higher T1‐w/T2‐w values in AD seem to contradict previous pathological findings of demyelination and disconnectivity in AD. Future research should further investigate the biological processes reflected by increases in T1‐w/T2‐w values.
Development of clinical value unit method for calculating patient costs
Authors: Cyganska Malgorzata , Cyganski Piotr , Pyke Chris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to develop the clinical value unit method of allocating indirect costs to patient costs using clinical factors. The method was tested to determine whether it is a more reliable alternative to using the length of stay and marginal mark‐up allocation method. The method developed used data from a Polish specialist hospital. The study involved 4,026 patients grouped into nine diagnosis‐related groups (DRG). The study methodology involved a three stage approach: (a) identification of correlates of patient costs, (b) a comparison of the costs calculated using the clinical value unit method with the alternative methods: length of stay and marginal mark‐up methods, and (c) an estimation of the cost homogeneity of the DRGs. The study showed that length of stay cost allocation method may underestimate the proportion of indirect costs in patient costs for a short in‐patient stay and overestimate the cost for the patients with a long stay. The total costs estimated using the marginal mark‐up method were higher than those estimated with length of stay method. For most surgical procedures, the mean indirect costs are higher using clinical value unit method than when using length of stay or marginal mark‐up method. In all medical procedure cases, the mean indirect costs calculated using the clinical value unit method are in the range between marginal mark‐up and length of stay method. We also show that in all DRGs except one, that the coefficient of homogeneity for clinical value unit is higher than for length of stay or marginal mark‐up method. We conclude that the clinical value unit method of cost allocation is a more precise and reliable alternative than the other methods.
Protective effects of cynaroside on oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Haoli , Li Junyan , Hu Xiaolong , Feng Jiahao , Wang Hao , Xiong Fei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCynaroside is a flavonoid compound proved to possess antioxidant activity, but its protective effect on age‐related macular degeneration still remains unclear. In this study, the protective effects of cynaroside on oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated. Results showed that cynaroside effectively attenuated the decrease of cell activity induced by H2O2. The total reactive oxygen species can be remitted by decreasing malondialdehyde level, as well as increasing glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. In addition, Western blot analysis indicated that cynaroside protected ARPE‐19 cells from apoptosis through downregulation of caspase‐3 protein activation which was controlled by the upstream proteins Bcl‐2 and Bax. It was finally proved that cynaroside could enhance the antioxidant and antiapoptotic ability in ARPE‐19 cells by promoting the expression of p‐Akt.
Resveratrol chemosensitizes adriamycin‐resistant breast cancer cells by modulating miR‐122‐5p
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jiang Haitao , Chen Yunjie , Ren Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the major malignancies threatening women's health worldwide, and chemotherapy tolerance has become a severe limitation of clinical treatment. Recent findings have revealed that resveratrol, as a dietary agent with antitumour activity, could prevent cancer progression by regulating microRNAs (miRNAs). Additionally, dysregulated miRNAs have been found to contribute significantly to chemoresistance by an increasing number of studies. In this study, experiments were designed to study the functional role of resveratrol in MCF‐7 cells (low‐invasive breast cancer) in chemosensitivity to adriamycin and to determine the targeted miRNAs of resveratrol and their key target proteins linked to cell activity. We demonstrated that in resveratrol‐induced chemosensitivity, cell cycle and apoptosis were arrested in adriamycin‐resistant breast cancer cells after modulation of the critical suppresser, miR‐122‐5p. Further miRNA modulation with miR‐122‐5p mimics or miR‐122‐5p inhibitors indicated a major effect of miR‐122‐5p on the regulation of key antiapoptotic proteins (B‐cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl‐2]) and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6) in drug‐resistant breast cancer cells in response to resveratrol. In conclusion, our results indicate that resveratrol acts as a potential inducer to enhance the chemosensitivity of breast cancer and also suggest that miR‐122‐5p is involved in the pathway of cell‐cycle arrest by targeting Bcl‐2 and CDKs.
Protective roles of carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado–Joseph Disease
Authors: Hsieh Mingli , Hsieh Benjamin Y. , Ma Chung‐Yung , Li Yi‐Ting , Liu Chin‐San , Lo Che‐Min 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMachado–Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that can lead to a regression of motor coordination and muscle control in the extremities. It is known that expansion of CAG repeats encodes abnormally long polyQ in mutant ataxin‐3, the disease protein. It is also noted that mutant ataxin‐3 interacts with 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) and induces abnormal Ca2+ release. Previously, we have shown a significant increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase VIII (CA8) in SK‐N‐SH‐MJD78 cells, which are human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing mutant ataxin‐3 with 78 glutamine repeats. In the current study, we showed the presence of significantly increased CA8 expression in MJD mouse cerebellum in either early or late disease stage, with a gradual decrease in CA8 expression as the MJD mice naturally aged. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, we also found that CA8 co‐localized and interacted with mutant ataxin‐3 in SK‐N‐SH‐MJD78 cells harboring overexpressed CA8 (SK‐MJD78‐CA8). In addition, we found that SK‐MJD78‐CA8 cells, as well as cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of MJD transgenic (Tg) mouse with overexpressed CA8, were more resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress than the control cells. Importantly, overexpression of CA8 in SK‐MJD78‐CA8 cells and in MJD CGNs rescued abnormal Ca2+ release and caused an increase in cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate the protective function of CA8 in MJD disease models and speculate that the declining expression of CA8 following an initial increased expression may be related to the late onset phenomenon of MJD.
Annexin A1 attenuates neuroinflammation through FPR2/p38/COX‐2 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in male mice
Authors: Ding Yan , Flores Jerry , Klebe Damon , Li Peng , MBride Devin W. , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest stroke subtype and neuroinflammation is a critical component of the pathogenesis following ICH. Annexin A1‐FPR2 signaling has been shown to play a protective role in animal stroke models. This study aimed to assess whether Annexin A1 attenuated neuroinflammation and brain edema after ICH and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Male CD‐1 mice were subjected to collagenase‐induced ICH. Annexin A1 was administered at 0.5 hr after ICH. Brain water content measurement, short‐term and long‐term neurobehavioral tests, Western blot and immnunofluorescence were performed. Results showed that Annexin A1 effectively attenuated brain edema, improved short‐term neurological function and ameliorated microglia activation after ICH. Annexin A1 also improved memory function at 28 days after ICH. However, these beneficial effects were abolished with the administration of FPR2 antagonist Boc‐2. Furthermore, AnxA1/FPR2 signaling may confer protective effects via inhibiting p38‐associated inflammatory cascade. Our study demonstrated that Annexin A1/FPR2/p38 signaling pathway played an important role in attenuating neuroinflammation after ICH and that Annexin A1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for ICH patients.
Comparison of gradient echo and gradient echo sampling of spin echo sequence for the quantification of the oxygen extraction fraction from a combined quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative BOLD (QSM+qBOLD) approach
Authors: Hubertus Simon , Thomas Sebastian , Cho Junghun , Zhang Shun , Wang Yi , Schad Lothar Rudi 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo compare gradient echo (GRE) and gradient echo sampling of spin echo (GESSE) sequences for the quantification of the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from combined quantitative BOLD and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with regard to accuracy, precision and parameter initialization.MethodsGRE and GESSE data were acquired from 7 healthy volunteers. QSM was applied to the GRE data and used as a regularization for the single‐compartment quantitative BOLD fit to the GESSE and GRE data, respectively, to quantify OEF, deoxygenated blood volume (ν), R2, and non‐blood susceptibility (χnb). Intersubject means within gray and white matter, respectively, were compared between GESSE and GRE (Student's t) and gray–white matter contrast was determined for each sequence separately. A single‐ and multi‐compartment simulation was used to compare reconstruction accuracy.ResultsIntersubject means and SDs for gray and white matter were OEF = 32.4 ± 1.6%, ν = 2.9 ± 0.1%, R2 = 14.2 ± 0.5 Hz, χnb = −43 ± 5 ppb for GESSE and OEF = 43.0 ± 5.4%, ν = 3.5 ± 0.4%, R2 = 14.4 ± 0.7 Hz, χnb = −43 ± 8 ppb for GRE with a significant difference (P < 0.05) for OEF and ν. Gray–white matter contrast was significant (P < 0.05) in all parameters for GESSE but only in ν and R2 for GRE. All parameters reconstructed from GESSE had higher accuracy than from GRE in the single‐ but not multi‐compartment simulation.ConclusionGESSE yields higher parameter accuracy in simulated gray matter but produces unphysiological gray–white matter contrast in OEF in vivo. GRE produces uniform OEF maps in vivo and is more efficient, which could facilitate a clinical implementation, but revealed biases in simulation. The appropriate sequence should be chosen depending on application.