bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural signature of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Navid J. , Day G. S. , Strain J. , Perrin R. J. , Bucelli R. C. , Dincer A. , Wisch J. K. , Soleimani‐Meigooni D. , Morris J. C. , Benzinger T. L. S. , Ances B. M. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeSporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal isoform of the human prion protein. Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pathologically confirmed sCJD was compared with cognitively normal individuals to identify a cortical thickness signature of sCJD.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study compared patients with autopsy‐confirmed sCJD with dementia (n = 11) with age‐ and sex‐matched cognitively normal individuals (n = 22). We identified regions of interest (ROIs) in which cortical thickness was most affected by sCJD. Within patients with sCJD, the relationship between ROI cortical thickness and clinical measures (disease duration, cerebrospinal fluid tau and diffusion‐weighted imaging abnormalities) was evaluated.ResultsCompared with cognitively normal individuals, patients with sCJD had significantly reduced cortical thickness in multiple ROIs, including the fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, precuneus and superior temporal gyrus bilaterally; the caudal middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere; and the superior parietal lobule in the right hemisphere. Only one patient with sCJD had co‐pathology consistent with Alzheimer's disease. Reduced cortical thickness did not correlate with disease duration, presence of diffusion restriction or elevated cerebrospinal fluid tau.ConclusionCortical signature changes in sCJD may reflect brain changes not captured by standard clinical measures. This information may be used with clinical measures to inform the progression of sCJD and patterns of prion protein spread throughout the brain. These results may have implications for prediction of symptomatic progression and plausibly for development of therapeutic strategies.
Primary ossifying fibroma of the proximal phalanx in a horse
Authors: Balducci J. , Selberg K. , Pool R. , Radue R. P. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA primary ossifying fibroma was found at necropsy in a 5‐year‐old Welsh pony cross mare that was humanely subjected to euthanasia for an intractable severe left hindlimb lameness. Antemortem radiographs of the left hind pastern were characterised by articular, subchondral and cortical areas of lysis. Primary ossifying fibroma is a rare lesion of the distal limb but should be considered when there is extensive lysis extending into the medulla and proximal cortical bone.
IRE1α is critical for Kaempferol‐induced neuroblastoma differentiation
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad , Talwar Priti , d'Hellencourt Christian Lefebvre , Ravanan Palaniyandi 
Published: February 2019

Neuroblastoma is an embryonic malignancy that arises out of the neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common childhood tumor known for its spontaneous regression via the process of differentiation. The induction of differentiation using small molecules such as retinoic acid is one of the therapeutic strategies to treat the residual disease. In this study, we have reported the effect of kaempferol (KFL) in inducing differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with KFL reduced the proliferation and enhanced apoptosis along with the induction of neuritogenesis. Analysis of the expression of neuron‐specific markers such as β‐III tubulin, neuron‐specific enolase, and N‐myc downregulated gene 1 revealed the process of differentiation accompanying KFL‐induced apoptosis. Further analysis to understand the molecular mechanism of action showed that the effect of KFL is mediated by the activation of the endoribonuclease activity of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), an endoplasmic reticulum‐resident transmembrane protein. In silico docking analysis and biochemical assays using recombinant human IRE1α confirm the binding of KFL to the ATP‐binding site of IRE1α, which thereby activates IRE1α ribonuclease activity. Treatment of cells with the small molecule STF083010, which specifically targets and inhibits the endoribonuclease activity of IRE1α, showed reduced expression of neuron‐specific markers and curtailed neuritogenesis. The knockdown of IRE1α using plasmid‐based shRNA lentiviral particles also showed diminished changes in the morphology of the cells upon KFL treatment. Thus, our study suggests that KFL induces differentiation of neuroblastoma cells via the IRE1α ‐XBP1 pathway.
Evaluating ecosystem effects of climate change on tropical island streams using high spatial and temporal resolution sampling regimes
Authors: Frauendorf Therese C. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Tingley Ralph W. , Frazier Abby G. , Riney Michael H. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which will affect streamflow in riverine ecosystems. It is vital to understand the impacts of projected flow variations, especially in tropical regions where the effects of climate change are expected to be one of the earliest to emerge. Space‐for‐time substitutions have been successful at predicting effects of climate change in terrestrial systems by using a spatial gradient to mimic the projected temporal change. However, concerns have been raised that the spatial variability in these models might not reflect the temporal variability. We utilized a well‐constrained rainfall gradient on Hawaii Island to determine (a) how predicted decreases in flow and increases in flow variability affect stream food resources and consumers and (b) if using a high temporal (monthly, four streams) or a high spatial (annual, eight streams) resolution sampling scheme would alter the results of a space‐for‐time substitution. Declines in benthic and suspended resource quantity (10‐ to 40‐fold) and quality (shift from macrophyte to leaf litter dominated) contributed to 35‐fold decreases in macroinvertebrate biomass with predicted changes in the magnitude and variability in the flow. Invertebrate composition switched from caddisflies and damselflies to taxa with faster turnover rates (mosquitoes, copepods). Changes in resource and consumer composition patterns were stronger with high temporal resolution sampling. However, trends and ranges of results did not differ between the two sampling regimes, indicating that a suitable, well‐constrained spatial gradient is an appropriate tool for examining temporal change. Our study is the first to investigate resource to community wide effects of climate change on tropical streams on a spatial and temporal scale. We determined that predicted flow alterations would decrease stream resource and consumer quantity and quality, which can alter stream function, as well as biomass and habitat for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial consumers dependent on these resources.
Behaviour and characteristics of low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: literature review and single‐centre retrospective series
Authors: Koh Valerie Cui Yun , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Thike Aye Aye , Cheok Poh Yian , Thu Minn Minn Myint , Li Huihua , Tan Veronique Kiak Mien , Ong Kong Wee , Tan Benita Kiat Tee , Ho Gay Hui , Thilagaratnam Shyamala , Wong Jill Su Lin , Wong Fuh Yong , Ellis Ian Ogilvie , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: February 2019

AimsDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous disease that has risen to prominence and more recently controversy, with the advent of screening mammography. Debate concerning the true biological potential of low nuclear grade DCIS continues to challenge therapeutic considerations. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive literature review of the behaviour, outcomes and current management trials of low‐grade DCIS, as well as a retrospective study of a large single institutional series of low‐grade DCIS diagnosed at our hospital.Methods and resultsThe study cohort comprised 195 cases of low‐grade DCIS diagnosed at the Singapore General Hospital from 1994 to 2010. Clinicopathological parameters and follow‐up data were retrieved and compared between screen‐detected and symptomatic low‐grade DCIS. Immunohistochemistry was performed for ER, PR and HER2. Among 195 cases, 123 (63.1%) were screen‐detected, while 72 (36.9%) were symptomatic. Screen‐detected cases had frequent calcifications (P < 0.001) and were smaller (P = 0.018) than symptomatic cases. All cases were ER‐positive and rate of PR expression was high. No HER2 overexpression was observed. Mean and median follow‐up periods were 107.8 and 109.6 months, respectively. Six patients recurred ipsilaterally, and one patient developed direct distant metastasis. One breast cancer‐related death was recorded. Positive surgical margins (P = 0.023) were significantly associated with a higher risk of ipsilateral recurrences, as well as poorer disease‐free survivals (P = 0.010).ConclusionOur data indicate that low‐grade DCIS may be followed by invasive recurrences and even metastatic disease, requiring more study before being regarded as innocuous and indolent.
NLRP6 suppresses the inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament cells by inhibiting NF‐κB and ERK signal pathways
Authors: Lu W. L. , Zhang L. , Song D. Z. , Yi X. W. , Xu W. Z. , Ye L. , Huang D. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the function and mechanisms of NLRP6 (NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing 6) in the inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs).MethodologyTissues associated with apical periodontitis were obtained from three patients who underwent endodontic microsurgery. The expression of NLRP6 in 3 human apical periodontitis tissues and HPDLCs was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. The expressions of NLRP6, Phospho(p)‐ p65, p65, IκB‐α, p‐ IκB‐α, ERK, p‐ ERK, NLRP3, Pro interleukin (IL)‐1β, Pro caspase‐1 and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC) were examined by western blot. The gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analysed statistically with independent sample t‐tests.ResultsNLRP6 was expressed in inflammatory periapical tissues and HPDLCs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli induced NLRP6 in HPDLCs (P < 0.05). After silencing NLRP6, E. coli LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB and ERK signalling was enhanced, which was also accompanied by elevated levels of IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (P < 0.05). Moreover, knockdown of NLRP6 led to up‐regulation of NLRP3, Pro IL‐1β and Pro caspase‐1 (P < 0.05), whereas down‐regulation of ASC (P < 0.05), which may contribute to unchanged levels of IL‐1β in HPDLCs inflammation.ConclusionNLRP6 was functionally expressed in inflamed periapical tissues and HPDLCs. NLRP6 negatively regulated the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in HPDLCs inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB and ERK signal pathways.
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma covering urethroplasty versus dartos flap in distal hypospadias repair: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Mahmoud Abdelaziz Yehya , Gouda Samir , Gamaan Ibrahim , Baky Fahmy Mohamed A 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the outcome and complication rate of the platelet‐rich plasma applied as a coverage layer and dartos flap layer during primary repair of distal hypospadias.MethodsA prospective randomized study was carried out comprising 180 boys (age range 12–65 months) from October 2011 to December 2016 at Al‐Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. A single surgeon carried out all urethroplasty. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with platelet‐rich plasma coverage layer) and group B (ventral dartos flap). Complication rates were compared between two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the two groups. A total of 36 (20%) complications were recorded in 26 patients, just 12 (13.3%) reported in group A, but 24 (26.7%) complications were reported in group B. Urethrocutaneous fistula was observed in nine patients (10%) in group A, and 12 (13.3%) in group B. Partial glans dehiscence occurred in one patient in group A, and four patients in group B. No patient in group A had a superficial wound infection, compared with six patients in group B. One case of meatal stenosis and urethral stricture was recorded in each group, all of which were managed conservatively. The resultant urinary stream was single and good in 154 patients of both groups.ConclusionsPlatelet‐rich plasma sheet might be considered as an alternative coverage layer for distal hypospadias repair, especially in the absence of a healthy layer.
The midgut V‐ATPase subunit A gene is associated with toxicity to crystal 2Aa and crystal 1Ca‐expressing transgenic rice in Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Qiu L. , Sun Y. , Jiang Z. , Yang P. , Liu H. , Zhou H. , Wang X. , Zhang W. , Lin Y. , Ma W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInsecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are toxic to a diverse range of insects. Transgenic rice expressing Cry1A, Cry2A and Cry1C toxins have been developed that are lethal to Chilo suppressalis, a devastating insect pest of rice in China. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the interactions of Cry toxins with susceptible hosts will improve both our understanding of Cry protein toxicology and long‐term efficacy of Bt crops. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that V‐ATPase subunit A contributes to the action of Cry1Ab/1Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxins in C. suppressalis. The full‐length V‐ATPase subunit A transcript was initially cloned from the C. suppressalis larval midgut and then used to generate double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐producing bacteria. Toxicity assays using transgenic rice lines TT51 (Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac fusion genes), T2A‐1 (Cry2Aa), and T1C‐19 (Cry1Ca) in conjunction with V‐ATPase subunit A dsRNA‐treated C. suppressalis larvae revealed significantly reduced larval susceptibility to T2A‐1 and T1C‐19 transgenic rice, but not to TT51 rice. These results suggest that the V‐ATPase subunit A plays a crucial role in mediating Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca toxicity in C. suppressalis. These findings will have significant implications on the development of future resistance management tools.
Eritrean Refugees’ Utilization of Antenatal Services in Israel
Authors: van den Bos Nellie , Sabar Galia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes Eritrean refugee women's utilization of antenatal services in Israel by means of retrospective self‐reports surveys (N = 63) targeting women's service utilization (array of services used, frequency rates, facility rates and demographic correlates) and semi‐structured interviews (N = 10) targeting women's experienced barriers for service utilization. Findings show that Eritrean women make substantive use of the full array of services, with user rates increasing over time. However, frequency rates are low, although increasing when women have more experience with the system. Facility rates are not in keeping with the recommendations of the Israeli Ministry of Health. Interviews reveal that the barriers of work and a complex system of antenatal care limit women's frequent service utilization in the right facility, while the barrier of miscommunication limits their understanding of the services they actually utilized. Findings stress the importance of analyzing different facets of utilization and their demographic correlates.
Complex dietary polysaccharide modulates gut immune function and microbiota, and promotes protection from autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Gudi Radhika , Perez Nicolas , Johnson Benjamin M. , Sofi M. Hanief , Brown Robert , Quan Songhua , Karumuthil‐Melethil Subha , Vasu Chenthamarakshan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe dietary supplement and prebiotic values of β‐glucan‐rich products have been widely recognized and dietary approaches for modulating autoimmunity have been increasingly explored, we assess the impact of oral administration of high‐purity yeast β‐glucan (YBG) on gut immune function, microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D) using mouse models. Oral administration of this non‐digestible complex polysaccharide caused a dectin‐1‐dependent immune response involving increased expression of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the gut mucosa. YBG‐exposed intestinal dendritic cells induced/expanded primarily Foxp3+, IL‐10+ and IL‐17+ T cells, ex vivo. Importantly, prolonged oral administration of low‐dose YBG at pre‐diabetic stage suppressed insulitis and significantly delayed the appearance of T1D in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Further, prolonged treatment with YBG showed increased Foxp3+ T‐cell frequencies, and a significant change in the gut microbiota, particularly an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the Firmicute members. Oral administration of YBG, together with Raldh‐substrate and β‐cell antigen, resulted in better protection of NOD mice from T1D. These observations suggest that YBG not only has a prebiotic property, but also an oral tolerogenic‐adjuvant‐like effect, and these features could be exploited for modulating autoimmunity in T1D.
Development of a data registry to evaluate the quality and safety of nursing practice
Authors: Sim Jenny , Joyce‐McCoach Joanne , Gordon Rob , Kobel Conrad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo describe the development, testing, and implementation of a data registry of nursing‐sensitive indicators for measuring the quality and safety of nursing practice.BackgroundRecent research has established causal links between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Unit level data is necessary for implementation of evidence‐based strategies on nurse staffing and nursing care processes.DesignMulti‐site, cross‐sectional design.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from administrative data sets on nurse staffing, patient flow, and adverse events in three hospitals in 2016. Periodic observational surveys on pressure injury prevalence, hand hygiene practices, and documentation of processes of care were also conducted. Prospective data were collected from patients at time of discharge using the Caring Assessment Tool. Nurses’ perceptions of their practice environment were assessed using the Nursing Work Index – Revised: Australian. Data from annual Press Ganey® surveys on patient satisfaction/experience were obtained.ResultsThe Australian Nursing Outcomes Collaborative (AUSNOC) data registry was developed in three phases. Phase 1 involved development of a data codebook; phase 2 involved development and testing of data collection methods; and phase 3 involved development of data reports and data dissemination strategies. This paper gives an overview of these phases and includes a summary of the descriptive statistics from the indicator set.ConclusionUnit level data is pivotal for measuring the quality and safety of nursing care. Data from the Australian Nursing Outcomes Collaborative (AUSNOC) can be feasibly collected and used to benchmark nursing performance, evaluate patient outcomes, and identify areas for practice improvement.
Metasynthesis: Dying adults’ transition process from cure‐focused to comfort‐focused care
Authors: Meeker Mary Ann , McGinley Jacqueline M. , Jezewski Mary Ann 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo describe and explain the process of transition from cure‐focused to comfort‐focused health care as perceived and reported by patients, family members, and healthcare providers.BackgroundMoving into the last phase of life due to advanced illness constitutes a developmental transition with increased vulnerability for patients and family.DesignQualitative metasynthesis.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases searched from inception through March 2016. Primary research reports published from 1990 to 2015, using qualitative designs to report transition experiences of patients, family members, and/or healthcare providers were included.Review methodsKey elements were extracted and organized into matrices. Findings from each report were analysed using qualitative coding.ResultsThe sample was 56 unique reports from 50 primary studies. Patients and families emphasized the importance of receiving understandable information, emotional support, respect for personhood and control. The critical juncture of ‘realizing terminality’ preceded a transition to comfort‐focused care. Subsequently, a shift in goals of care emphasizing comfort and quality of life could occur. Continued provision of information, effective support, respect and control promoted ‘reframing perceptions’ and capacity to embrace a changed identity. Reframing allowed patient and family to find meaning and value in this last phase of life and to embrace the opportunity to prepare for death, nurture relationships, and focus on quality of living.ConclusionUnderstanding the developmental process that can be engaged by patients and families at the end of life provides a theoretical basis that can inform choice and timing of interventions to reduce suffering and enhance positive outcomes.
Paracellular and transcellular migration of metastatic cells through the cerebral endothelium
Authors: Herman Hildegard , Fazakas Csilla , Haskó János , Molnár Kinga , Mészáros Ádám , Nyúl‐Tóth Ádám , Szabó Gábor , Erdélyi Ferenc , Ardelean Aurel , Hermenean Anca , Krizbai István A. , Wilhelm Imola 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBreast cancer and melanoma are among the most frequent cancer types leading to brain metastases. Despite the unquestionable clinical significance, important aspects of the development of secondary tumours of the central nervous system are largely uncharacterized, including extravasation of metastatic cells through the blood‐brain barrier. By using transmission electron microscopy, here we followed interactions of cancer cells and brain endothelial cells during the adhesion, intercalation/incorporation and transendothelial migration steps. We observed that brain endothelial cells were actively involved in the initial phases of the extravasation by extending filopodia‐like membrane protrusions towards the tumour cells. Melanoma cells tended to intercalate between endothelial cells and to transmigrate by utilizing the paracellular route. On the other hand, breast cancer cells were frequently incorporated into the endothelium and were able to migrate through the transcellular way from the apical to the basolateral side of brain endothelial cells. When co‐culturing melanoma cells with cerebral endothelial cells, we observed N‐cadherin enrichment at melanoma‐melanoma and melanoma‐endothelial cell borders. However, for breast cancer cells N‐cadherin proved to be dispensable for the transendothelial migration both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that breast cancer cells are more effective in the transcellular type of migration than melanoma cells.