bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV‐C Irradiation on the Quality of Green Tea: Effect on Catechins, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Vergne Matthew J. , Patras Ankit , Bhullar Manreet S. , Shade Lincoln M. , Sasges Michael , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Pan Che , Xiao Hang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractShort‐wavelength ultraviolet (UV‐C) irradiation is a nonthermal processing technique that is a possible alternative to the heat‐pasteurization of tea beverages. This study investigated the effect of UV‐C irradiation on the polyphenolic and total phenolic contents of a green tea beverage and analyzed cytotoxicity of irradiated green tea using a novel continuous flow‐through UV system. UV‐C fluence levels ranging from 0 to 240 mJ/cm2 were delivered to green tea, and polyphenols were chemically profiled. Continuous‐flow UV‐C irradiation of the green tea beverage at a fluence of 68 mJ/cm2 induced a minor reduction in the concentration of the most abundant catechin in green tea, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), from 145 to 131.1 μg/mL. The total phenolic content of the green tea beverage was 0.19 μg GAE/uL and remained constant at all UV fluence levels. The UV‐treated green tea beverage showed no cytotoxic effects on normal intestinal cells with healthy colonic cells (CCD‐18Co) maintained at 90% viability for the UV‐treated green tea beverages and the control. The treated and nontreated green tea have comparable inhibitory effects on the survival of human colon cancer cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that the UV‐C irradiation did not significantly deplete catechins or produce cytotoxic byproducts.Practical ApplicationShort wavelength ultraviolet (UV‐C) irradiation is a nonthermal processing technique that is a possible alternative to the heat pasteurization of tea beverages. This study investigated the effect of UV‐C irradiation on the antioxidant concentration of green tea and analyzed cytotoxicity of irradiated a green tea beverage using a novel continuous flow‐through UV system. The results demonstrated that the UV‐C irradiation did not significantly deplete catechins or produce cytotoxic byproducts.
Heritability of body size in the polar bears of Western Hudson Bay
Authors: Malenfant René M. , Davis Corey S. , Richardson Evan S. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Coltman David W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAmong polar bears (Ursus maritimus), fitness is dependent on body size through males’ abilities to win mates, females’ abilities to provide for their young and all bears’ abilities to survive increasingly longer fasting periods caused by climate change. In the Western Hudson Bay subpopulation (near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada), polar bears have declined in body size and condition, but nothing is known about the genetic underpinnings of body size variation, which may be subject to natural selection. Here, we combine a 4449‐individual pedigree and an array of 5,433 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to provide the first quantitative genetic study of polar bears. We used animal models to estimate heritability (h2) among polar bears handled between 1966 and 2011, obtaining h2 estimates of 0.34–0.48 for strictly skeletal traits and 0.18 for axillary girth (which is also dependent on fatness). We genotyped 859 individuals with the SNP array to test for marker–trait association and combined p‐values over genetic pathways using gene‐set analysis. Variation in all traits appeared to be polygenic, but we detected one region of moderately large effect size in body length near a putative noncoding RNA in an unannotated region of the genome. Gene‐set analysis suggested that variation in body length was associated with genes in the regulatory cascade of cyclin expression, which has previously been associated with body size in mice. A greater understanding of the genetic architecture of body size variation will be valuable in understanding the potential for adaptation in polar bear populations challenged by climate change.
Estimation of cost savings between 2011 and 2014 attributed to infliximab biosimilar in the South Korean healthcare market: real‐world evidence using a nationwide database
Authors: Kim Jiyoun , Ha Dongmun , Song Inmyung , Park Haesun , Lee Sang‐Won , Lee Eui‐Kyung , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe introduction of biosimilars is expected to reduce the cost of biologic drugs, but the actual cost savings have not yet been quantified in Korea. The aim of this study was to estimate the annual cost savings attributed to the introduction of infliximab biosimilar.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service‐National Patients Sample (HIRA‐NPS) between 2011 and 2014. The study subjects were patients who were treated with infliximab, adalimumab or etanercept. We compared the drug costs before and after the introduction of infliximab biosimilar in December 2012 (2011–2012 and 2013–2014) to estimate the annual drug cost savings attributed to this and the number of patients who could additionally benefit from the biosimilar in 2013 and 2014.ResultsA total of 10 986 prescriptions were identified: 2620 for infliximab. The cost savings were estimated at $262 270 for 133 patients in 2013 and $395 220 for 174 patients in 2014. Among the patients who underwent a 1‐year maintenance course of infliximab therapy, the annual expenditure on infliximab was lower in 2014 than in 2011. If the cost savings were used to treat additional patients, 13.3%–38.6% more patients per year could be treated by indication.ConclusionThe introduction of infliximab biosimilar reduced direct medical costs for both patients and the payer, which could then be used to increase patient access to biologic medicines. The entry of infliximab biosimilar could result in further reductions in healthcare costs.
Efficacy of corticosteroids in prevention of acute kidney injury in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jahnukainen T. , Keski‐Nisula J. , Tainio J. , Valkonen H. , Pätilä T. , Jalanko H. , Suominen P. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundHeart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes an inflammatory response which may further induce acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present randomized controlled study we evaluated whether corticosteroids can prevent CPB related AKI in neonates undergoing heart surgery.MethodsForty neonates were randomized to receive 2 mg/kg methylprednisolone followed by hydrocortisone infusion 0.2 mg/kg/h perioperatively with tapering doses for 5 days, or placebo administered in a similar fashion. The primary outcome was the inflammatory response (plasma concentrations of interleukins 6 and 10). The correspondence of the interleukin concentrations with AKI was analysed as secondary outcome. In addition, plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), plasma cystatin C, and urine kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) levels were measured.ResultsSix patients (15%) developed post‐operative AKI. No significant difference in the AKI occurrence between the treatment (n = 2) and the placebo (n = 4) groups could be found (risk ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 0.41‐9.71; P = .661) despite significant reduction in inflammatory response in the treatment group. One patient in the treatment group and two patients in the placebo group required acute peritoneal dialysis. Plasma creatinine and cystatin C or urine NGAL and KIM‐1 concentrations did not differ between the treatment and the placebo group.ConclusionsSignificantly reduced inflammatory reaction induced by corticosteroid treatment in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery did not reduce the incidence of AKI defined by KDIGO classification or decrease the rise of AKI biomarkers.
Genetic Association and Expression Analyses of the Phosphatidylinositol‐4‐Phosphate 5‐Kinase (PIP5K1C) Gene in Alcohol Use Disorder—Relevance for Pain Signaling and Alcohol Use
Authors: Lee Ji Soo , Sorcher Jill L. , Rosen Allison D. , Damadzic Ruslan , Sun Hui , Schwandt Melanie , Heilig Markus , Kelly John , Mauro Kelsey L. , Luo Audrey , Rosoff Daniel , Muench Christine , Jung Jeesun , Kaminsky Zachary A. , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe gene encoding phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K1C) has been recently implicated in pain regulation. Interestingly, a recent cross‐tissue and cross‐phenotypic epigenetic analysis identified the same gene in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Given the high comorbidity between AUD and chronic pain, we hypothesized that genetic variation in PIP5K1C might contribute to susceptibility to AUD.MethodsWe conducted a case–control association study of genetic variants in PIP5K1C. Association analyses of 16 common PIP5K1C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were conducted in cases and controls of African (427 cases and 137 controls) and European ancestry (488 cases and 324 controls) using standard methods. In addition, given the prominent role of the opioid system in pain signaling, we investigated the effects of acute alcohol exposure on PIP5K1C expression in humanized transgenic mice for the μ‐opioid receptor that included the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism, a widely used mouse model to study analgesic response to opioids in pain. PIP5K1C expression was measured in the thalamus and basolateral amygdala (BLA) in mice after short‐term administration (single 2 g/kg dose) of alcohol or saline using immunohistochemistry and analyzed by 2‐way analysis of variance.ResultsIn the case–control association study using an NIAAA discovery sample, 8 SNPs in PIP5K1C were significantly associated with AUD in the African ancestry (AA) group (p < 0.05 after correction; rs4807493, rs10405681, rs2074957, rs10432303, rs8109485, rs1476592, rs10419980, and rs4432372). However, a replication analysis using an independent sample (N = 3,801) found no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. In the humanized transgenic mouse model with the OPRM1 polymorphism, PIP5K1C expression was significantly different between alcohol and saline‐treated mice, regardless of genotype, in both the thalamus (p < 0.05) and BLA (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur discovery sample shows that genetic variants in PIP5K1C are associated with AUD in the AA group, and acute alcohol exposure leads to up‐regulation of PIP5K1C, potentially explaining a mechanism underlying the increased risk for chronic pain conditions in individuals with AUD.
Alcohol Availability and Onset and Recurrence of Alcohol Use Disorder: Examination in a Longitudinal Cohort with Cosibling Analysis
Authors: Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Ohlsson Henrik , Kendler Kenneth S. , Cook Won Kim , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundRecent reviews of associations of alcohol availability with alcohol outcomes suggest findings are highly inconsistent and highlight a lack of longitudinal and causal evidence. Effect modification (moderation or statistical interaction), which could contribute to the inconsistent picture in the existing literature, has not been systematically assessed. We examined associations of alcohol availability with onset and recurrence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) using multilevel, longitudinal population data from Sweden and tested hypothesized effect modifiers to identify groups for whom increased alcohol availability may be particularly risky. We also employed cosibling models to assess potential causality for AUD onset by accounting for genetic and shared‐environment confounders.MethodsData come from all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 1975 who were registered in a residential neighborhood at the end of 2005 (N = 2,633,922). We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate time to AUD onset and logistic regression to assess the odds of AUD recurrence over an 8‐year period.ResultsLiving in a neighborhood with at least 1 alcohol outlet of any type was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of developing AUD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.19). Among people with a prior AUD registration, alcohol availability was not significantly associated with recurrence of AUD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.05). Associations of alcohol availability with AUD onset varied according to sex, age, education, neighborhood deprivation, and urbanicity. HRs from the sibling models were similar to those in the general population models, with an adjusted HR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.24).ConclusionsEffects varied among neighborhood residents, but greater alcohol availability was a risk factor for AUD onset (but not relapse) in all groups examined except women. Cosibling models suggest there may be a causal relationship of greater alcohol availability with adult‐onset AUD.
Chemical signalling and context dependent polyandry in the false garden mantid Pseudomantis albofimbriata (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Authors: Jayaweera Anuradhi , Rathnayake Darshana N , Dean Barbara , Barry Katherine L 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiple mating by females is a common phenomenon in nature. Polyandrous females may benefit from genetically diverse progeny that may survive better in a changing environment. Males in polyandrous systems, however, may not achieve their maximum paternity. Therefore, males are predicted to carry traits that prevent or reduce female polyandry. Praying mantids are predatory insects in which females can mate multiple times, predicting the evolution of male counter‐strategies. However, the rate of polyandry and male strategies against polyandry are rarely studied in these insects. In the current study, we used false garden mantids Pseudomantis albofimbriata to quantify the rate of multiple mating when several males are present within close visual range of an unmated female. We further determined how long mated females stay unattractive after mating. We found that in a scramble scenario, the subsequent males stay with a copulating pair and attempt mating once the first male has completed copulation. These second copulation attempts are often successful. If only one male is attracted as a result of the initial pheromone plume, then polyandry is unlikely because the female will remain chemically unattractive for 8 days on average (thus preventing subsequent male attractions), which is longer than the usual latency to lay the first egg sac. From previous studies, we know that single male attraction is the most common scenario in this system in both natural and semi‐natural contexts. Therefore, polyandry depends on the number of males attracted to the initial pheromone plume of the female and is likely to be a relatively uncommon phenomenon in this system.
A pleiotropic effect of the APOE gene: association of APOE polymorphisms with multibacillary leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China
Authors: Wang D. , Zhang D.-F. , Li G.-D. , Bi R. , Fan Y. , Wu Y. , Yu X.-F. , Long H. , Li Y.-Y. , Yao Y.-G. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
This is a study by investigators from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dermatology departments based in Yunnan province in China. Basing their research on a previous observation that patients with leprosy have a lower frequency of dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease than patients without, they investigated whether there was any link between the occurrence of leprosy and the human genes involved in the formation and breakdown of different lipids or fats, processes that are key steps in the development of both Alzheimer's disease as well as the invasion of skin and nerves in leprosy. They searched for a link between a gene called Apolipoprotein E (APOE) which is known to be involved in Alzheimer's and found that certain mutations in the gene were more common in patients with leprosy. They suggested that this might lead to an increase in a lipid binding protein found in blood plasma and that this in turn would aid the survival of the bacteria that cause leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, thus allowing it to spread and the disease to develop.
APOE基因的多重效应:中国西南部地区的汉族人中的APOE多态性与多菌型麻风病的关联
Authors: Wang D. , Zhang D.-F. , Li G.-D. , Bi R. , Fan Y. , Wu Y. , Yu X.-F. , Long H. , Li Y.-Y. , Yao Y.-G. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
本项研究由来自中国科学院和中国云南省一些皮肤科的研究人员共同执行。本项研究以早前的观察为基础,该项观察发现,麻风病患者患上因阿尔茨海默病而导致的痴呆的频率低于未患有麻风病的患者,因此,研究人员旨在研究麻风病的发病与不同油脂和脂肪的形成与分解中所涉及的人类基因之间是否存在关联,而这些过程是阿尔茨海默病的发展和麻风病的皮肤和神经侵袭中的关键步骤。他们研究了被称为载脂蛋白E (APOE)的基因(在阿尔茨海默病中涉及)之间的关联,然后发现该基因中的某些突变在麻风病患者中更为常见。他们建议,这可能会导致血浆中脂质结合蛋白质的增加,并转而有助于导致麻风病的细菌(麻风分枝杆菌)的存活,因而细菌继续扩散并导致疾病的发展。
Buying into Capitalism? Employee Ownership in a Disconnected Era
Authors: Brown Ross , McQuaid Ronald , Raeside Robert , Dutton Matthew , Egdell Valerie , Canduela Jesus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article considers whether employee ownership mitigates the negative workplace outcomes identified by the Disconnected Capitalism Thesis (DCT). Drawing on a programme of in‐depth interviews with workers and managers in employee‐owned businesses (EOBs), the article reveals how they are partially insulated from the vicissitudes endemic within contemporary capitalism. In contrast to the workplace outcomes envisaged within the DCT, these firms are characterized by strong workforce participation, high levels of employment security, active employee engagement and strong levels of employee creativity. Not only are these features beneficial for productivity and firm performance, they generate a form of ‘connected’ capitalism, partially offsetting wider negative systemic forces at play in the economy.
Prostaglandin analogues and nitric oxide contribution in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma
Authors: Impagnatiello Francesco , Bastia Elena , Almirante Nicoletta , Brambilla Stefania , Duquesroix Brigitte , Kothe Angela C , Bergamini Michael V W 
Published: April 2018

In patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma, all treatments aim to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by modulating aqueous humour (AH) production and/or uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal AH drainage. PG analogues are considered to be the ‘gold standard’ treatment and are the most frequently used IOP‐lowering agents. Recent data support an important role for NO in regulating IOP. Thus, novel PG analogues carrying a NO‐donating moiety were recently advanced. Latanoprostene bunod (LBN) and NCX 470, NO‐donating derivatives of latanoprost and bimatoprost, respectively, are examples of such compounds. LBN ophthalmic solution, 0.024% (Vyzulta™), showed greater IOP‐lowering efficacy compared with that of Xalatan® (latanoprost ophthalmic solution, 0.005%) or 0.5% timolol maleate in clinical settings. NCX 470 was found to be more effective than bimatoprost in animal models of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Selective EP2 receptor agonists (i.e. taprenepag isopropyl, omidenepag isopropyl and aganepag isopropyl) and non‐selective prostanoid receptor agonists (i.e. ONO‐9054, sepetaprost isopropyl) that concomitantly stimulate FP and EP3 receptors have also been shown to hold promise as effective IOP‐lowering agents.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc
Novel West syndrome candidate genes in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Peng Jing , Wang Ying , He Fang , Chen Chen , Wu Li‐Wen , Yang Li‐Fen , Ma Yu‐Ping , Zhang Wen , Shi Zi‐Qing , Chen Chao , Xia Kun , Guo Hui , Yin Fei , Pang Nan 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAimsWest syndrome (WS) is a classic form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) characterized by tonic spasms with clustering, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography. Genetic defects play a critical role in the pathology of WS, and 54 EIEE genes have been identified till date. This study was designed to uncover new candidate genes for West syndrome.MethodsIn this study, we recruited 56 Chinese families with WS of unknown etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify Mendelian inheritance rare or novel variants. The association between candidate genes and WS was analyzed from many aspects, including recurrent genes in patients, predicted variant effect on genes, human tolerance to deficient genes, gene expression in the nervous system, coexpression with EIEE genes, mutual interaction with known EIEE proteins, genes related to ion channel or fragile X mental retardation protein function, and mouse models with manifestation of seizures. Genes with supporting evidence from those aspects were defined as highlight candidate genes.ResultsWhole exome sequencing identified 112 candidate variants in 89 genes. Among the candidate genes, 33 were autosomal dominant, 22 were autosomal recessive, and 34 were X‐linked. Complex bioinformatic analysis revealed 17 highlight candidate genes: ATP2A2, CD99L2, CLCN6, CYFIP1, CYFIP2, GNB1, GPT2, HUWE1, KMT2D, MYO18A, NOS3, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, TAF1, TECTA, and UBA1. The majority of highlight candidate genes are calcium‐signaling pathway and mental retardation genes.ConclusionsThis is the first WES study of Chinese WS patients with unknown etiology. This combination of phenotypic and genomic data will enable further testing to elucidate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of WS.
Overall Experience Rating – Measuring Visitor Response in Museums
Authors: Pekarik Andrew J. , Schreiber James B. , visscher Nick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe authors present research comparing different measures of experience quality. Using data from visitor studies at the Denver Zoo, they claim that a question that asks visitors to rate their overall experience, when used together with fully grounded five‐point ordinal response scales with a category beyond Excellent, provide better results than a number of other, commonly‐used scales, including Net Promoter Score. With data from the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, they demonstrate how this measure can be used to compare and evaluate visitor responses across exhibitions.
Intellectual disability in cerebral palsy: a population‐based retrospective study
Authors: Reid Susan M , Meehan Elaine M , Arnup Sarah J , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: April 2018

AimA population‐based observational study design was used to describe the epidemiology of intellectual disability in cerebral palsy (CP) in terms of clinical and neuroimaging associations, and to report the impact of intellectual disability on utilization of health services and length of survival.MethodPopulation CP registry data were used to retrospectively assess the frequency of intellectual disability and strength of associations between intellectual disability and mobility, epilepsy, vision, hearing, communication, and neuroimaging patterns (n=1141). Data linkage was undertaken to assess usage of hospital inpatient and emergency department services. Survival analysis was performed in a 30‐year birth cohort (n=3248).ResultsIntellectual disability, present in 45% of the cohort, was associated with non‐ambulation (47% vs 8%), later walking (mean 2y 7mo vs 1y 9mo), hypotonic (8% vs 1%) or dyskinetic (9% vs 5%) CP, a quadriplegic pattern of motor impairment (42% vs 5%), epilepsy (52% vs 12%), more emergency and multi‐day hospital admissions, and reduced 35‐year survival (96% vs 71%). Grey matter injuries (13% vs 6%), malformations (18% vs 6%), and miscellaneous neuroimaging patterns (12% vs 4%) were more common in people with intellectual disability.InterpretationIntellectual disability adds substantially to the overall medical complexity in CP and may increase health and mortality disparities.What this study adds

Cerebral maldevelopments and grey matter injuries are associated with higher intellectual disability rates.

Health care is more ‘crisis‐driven’ and ‘reactive’ in children with co‐occurring intellectual disability.

Length of survival is reduced in individuals with CP and co‐occurring intellectual disability.