bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone-primed neutrophils promote early steps of tumour cell metastasis to lungs by enhancing their NET production
Authors: Rocks Natacha , Vanwinge Céline , Radermecker Coraline , Blacher Silvia , Gilles Christine , Marée Raphael , Gillard Alison , Evrard Brigitte , Pequeux Christel , Marichal Thomas , Noel Agnes , Cataldo Didier 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAir pollution, including particulates and gazes such as ozone (O3), is detrimental for patient’s health and has repeatedly been correlated to increased morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. Although studies have described a link between ambient particulate matter and increased lung cancer morbidity, no direct relation has yet been established between O3exposure and metastatic dissemination to lungs.ObjectivesTo outline the mechanisms through which pulmonary O3exposure modulates metastasis kinetics in an experimental mouse model of O3exposure.MethodsMetastatic responses to pulmonary O3exposure were assessed using a reliable experimental mouse model of concomitant pulmonary O3exposure and tumour cell injection. Roles of neutrophils in O3-induced lung metastasis were highlighted using blocking anti-Ly6G antibodies; moreover, the implication of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in metastatic processes was evaluated usingMRP8cre-Pad4lox/loxmice or by treating mice with DNase I.ResultsPulmonary O3exposure strongly facilitates the establishment of lung metastasis by (1) Inducing a pulmonary injury and neutrophilic inflammation, (2) Influencing very early steps of metastasis, (3) Priming neutrophils’ phenotype to release NETs that favour tumour cell colonisation in lungs. The ability of O3-primed neutrophils to enhance lung colonisation by tumour cells was proven after their adoptive transfer in Balb/c mice unexposed to O3.ConclusionsPulmonary neutrophils induced by O3promote metastatic dissemination to lungs by producing NETs. These findings open new perspectives to improve treatment and prevention strategies in patients affected by metastatic diseases.
Community Detection in Social Networks: Literature Review
Authors: Rani Seema , Mehrotra Monica 
Published: May 2019

Due to easy and cost-effective ways, communication has amplified many folds among humans across the globe irrespective of time and geographic location. This has led to the construction of an enormous and a wide variety of social networks that is a network of social interactions or personal relations. Social network analysis (SNA) is the inspection of social networks in order to understand the participant’s arrangement and behaviour. Discovering communities from the social network has become one of the key research areas in SNA. Communities discovered from social networks facilitate its members so as to interact with relatable people who have similar or comparable interests. However, in present time, the enormous growth of social networks demands an intensive investigation of recent work carried out for identifying community division in social networks. This paper is an attempt to enlighten the ongoing developments in the domain of Community detection (CD) for SNA. Additionally, it sheds light on the algorithms which use meta-heuristic optimisation techniques to hit upon the community structure in social networks. Further, this paper gives a comparison of proposed methods in recent years and most frequently used optimisation approaches in the domain of CD. It also describes some application areas where CD methods have been used. This guides and encourages researchers to probe and take ahead the work in the area of detecting communities from social networks.
Serum NfL (Neurofilament Light Chain) Levels and Incident Stroke in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Korley Frederick K. , Goldstick Jason , Mastali Mitra , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Barsan William , Meurer William J. , Sussman Jeremy , Falk Hayley , Levine Deborah 
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose—
Effective stroke prevention depends on accurate stroke risk prediction. We determined the discriminative ability of NfL (neurofilament light chain) levels for distinguishing between adults with diabetes mellitus who develop incident stroke and those who remain stroke free during a 7-year follow-up period.

Methods—
We performed a case-control study of participants selected from the previously completed ACCORD trial (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes). Cases were all ACCORD subjects who were stroke free at enrollment and developed incident stroke during follow-up (n=113). Control subjects (n=250) were randomly selected ACCORD subjects who had no stroke events either before or after randomization. NfL was measured in baseline samples using Single Molecule Array technology (Quanterix).

Results—

Baseline NfL levels were higher in stroke subjects, compared to controls, after adjusting for age, race, blood pressure, weight, and the Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Relative to the subjects in the lowest quintile of NfL levels, the hazard ratios of incident stroke for subjects in the second to fifth quintiles were 3.91 (1.45–10.53), 4.05 (1.52–10.79), 5.63 (2.16–14.66), and 9.75 (3.84–27.71), respectively, after adjusting for race and Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Incorporating NfL levels into a predictive score that already included race and Framingham Stroke Risk Score increased the score’s C statistic from 0.71 (95% CI, 0.66–0.77) to 0.78 (95% CI, 0.73–0.83),
P
<0.001. Older age, nonwhite race, higher systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate <60, and higher hemoglobin A1C were independent predictors of serum NfL in this cohort but diastolic blood pressure, durations of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and lipid levels were not. In total, cardiovascular disease risk factors explained 19.2% of the variability in baseline NfL levels.

Conclusions—
Serum NfL levels predict incident stroke and add considerably to the discriminatory power of the Framingham Stroke Risk Score in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults with diabetes mellitus.
Does Shamanism Have a History? With Attention to Early Chinese Shamanism
Authors: Michael Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The article examines various options that scholars have explored in their efforts to construct a history of shamanism. Recognizing Eliade’s promise that such a history lies in the near future, the article then explores the important ways in which this has been undertaken. It specifies four such ways: with prehistoric rock art, the origins of cultural myths, memory studies, and movements of cultural resistance. Ultimately resisting each of these four options while paying particular attention to the case of early Chinese shamanism, its concluding sections recognize the work of Mircea Eliade and Roberte Hamayon as providing two alternative pathways that might lead into possible constructions of this history, and it then attempts to locate a third way between them.
Spirits in a Material World
Authors: Longkumer Arkotong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article is about woodcarving and the role it plays in religion. It is an attempt to grapple with the idea of heritage as partnership — involving “persons in action,” that is between human and non-human persons — focusing on the work of an artist, Lepten, and the seven themed wooden pillars he and others carved in Mopungchuket village in Nagaland, India. It demonstrates, in this case, how heritage as a process opens up conversations between representing the past and the present in the religious grammar of Baptist Christianity and its relationship with materiality through the medium of wood. It also sheds light on the multiple meanings of heritage that are about openings and pathways for people to discuss how they experience memory and change, renewal and loss. It suggests that what is represented as the “past” in heritage is never dormant but is perpetually being animated through the relations that revise, form, and re-embed in new ways. In this sense, the problem of heritage and the different forms of mediation must take into account how carvings are viewed in Ao Naga society, drawing on both Christian and indigenous Naga concepts that continue to push where the boundaries of heritage as an idea and practice begin and where they end.
Right-Wing Think Tank Networks in Latin America: The Mexican Connection
Authors: Castro Rea Julián 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Right-wing think tanks and their transnational networks in Latin America are barely known, and scarcely documented.1 Close scholarly investigation into their activities, structure, connections, impacts, and ideology is non-existent. This article aims at contributing to fill this gap, by adding insights into the most prominent organizations and networks based in Mexico. This preliminary information is useful to gauge more accurately the scope of the organizations and networks, and their ability to influence policy and the political process.
Viewing Microcredit Lending through Participatory Mapping: A Case Study
Authors: DeGrave Jeff , Schaffer Nathan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Participatory mapping has been employed for just over two decades as a tool to seek greater social justice through spatial representations from the points of view of historically marginalized populations. Since its rise in the 1990s, applications of participatory mapping have increased dramatically throughout both the Global North and South. While most participatory mapping projects have engaged indigenous issues, such as those involving territorial disputes and access to natural resources, few studies have attempted to apply participatory mapping to enhance “bottom-up” microlending practices in the developing world. This study combines participatory mapping with interviews and geospatial technology to examine the limited participation of younger adults in the financial services offered by a credit union in Tilaco, Mexico. We examine the process, utilities, and limitations of employing participatory mapping to help answer this question.
The Effects of the Trade-related Investment Measures Agreement on the Egyptian Economy
Authors: El-Deeb Lourna , Labeeb Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) Agreement aims to balance the interests of developed countries seeking to protect their investments as well as developing countries trying to attract more foreign investments to finance national projects. This article assesses the TRIMs Agreement and the compatibility of Egyptian economic legislation, especially the provisions of the Investment Law No. 72/2017, alongside the impact of this agreement on the Egyptian economy. We conclude that Egyptian legislation as a whole is in line with the TRIMs Agreement, with the exception of some provisions enacted under exceptional circumstances in Egypt since January 2011. As a result of these circumstances, it is impossible accurately to assess the extent to which the Egyptian economy was affected by the implementation of TRIMs during the current period, since the policies adopted by the Government of Egypt have succeeded in increasing the volume of foreign direct investment to Egypt.
The Ṭāʾifiyyah or Sectarianism in Syria: Theoretical Considerations and Historical Overview
Authors: Zecca Valentina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article explores the sectarian issue in the Syrian context, analyzing different theoretical perspectives from which we can examine sects and sectarianism as social and political phenomena. Through this analysis we draw the historical frame in which sectarianism originated, giving an overview of the features which define the strict relation between sectarianism and the modern political system of the national State. Furthermore, this article examines the historical development of sectarianism in the Syrian State and the role the sectarian ties assumed inside the authoritarian political system created by the Syrian president Ḥāfiẓ al-Asad.
Multiple Encounters: Philology, Exile, and Hospitality, from Fāris al-Shidyāq to Auerbach and Edward Said
Authors: Ismail Sherif H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
From the second half of 1820s and for almost three decades, the Lebanese-born writer and linguist Fāris al-Shidyāq (1804-87) continued to work for Protestant missionary societies, mainly in Malta and in England. He collaborated with various scholars in compiling, translating and editing religious and educational publications, including a translation of the Bible into Arabic. Al-Shidyāq records segments of his encounters with European scholars and Orientalists in his travel account Kashf al-Mukhabbāʾ, and in his autobiographical narrative al-Sāq ʿalā al-Sāq, where he offers an early critique of Orientalist scholarship. Opposing the prevailingly Eurocentric discourse of the Arab nahḍa, as represented by his contemporary, the renowned Egyptian intellectual Rifāʿa al-Ṭahṭāwī (1801-73), al-Shidyāq insists on linguistic difference and cultural particularity, and, at the same time, he promotes hospitality across both cultures and religions. Al-Shidyāq’s minority background, nomadic life, and secular outlook link him with exilic philology in Erich Auerbach and Edward Said.
Translations as Linguistic Commentaries? On the Interpretative Dimension of Early Bible Translations into Judaeo-Arabic
Authors: Vollandt Ronny 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Arabic translations of the Scriptures were an early vehicle for satisfying the need for versions that the masses, as well as the more educated strata, could understand, and for adapting the biblical text to a new world at a time of profound political and cultural change. Most of the languages that had been in general use prior to this time had been supplanted by Arabic. For the majority of communities that were now under Muslim rule, the languages of religious learning became a scholastic medium that had to be acquired and preserved through instruction. This led to a multiglossic culture, in which Arabic was the daily vernacular, used alongside central religious texts in Hebrew and Aramaic (or Syriac, Greek, and Coptic for Christian communities). In this contribution I seek to demonstrate how early Jewish translations of the Bible into Arabic promoted continuing and close study of Hebrew, rather than the reverse.
Facing the World: Towards a Global History of Non-Latin Type Design
Authors: Mullaney Thomas S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This essay serves as the entry point into a broader exploration of critical issues in the history of “non-Latin” type design—that is, type design beyond the Latin alphabet. With special emphasis on certain scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Greek, and Devanagari, among others) and regions (South Asia, East Asia, South Africa, and beyond), this special issue brings together practicing designers and scholars, federating rigorous archival work, practice-based insight, and a deep engagement with the global history of the written, designed, and printed word.
Samarasiṃha and the Early Transmission of Tājika Astrology
Authors: Gansten Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the earliest preserved Sanskrit works on Perso-Arabic (Tājika) astrology, the thirteenth-century Karmaprakāśa of Samarasiṃha (also known as the Manuṣyajātaka, Tājikatantrasāra or Gaṇakabhūṣaṇa), is examined with particular attention to subgenre, distinctive content and likely Arabic-language sources. On the basis of a comparison of the extant text of the Karmaprakāśa with excerpts attributed to Samarasiṃha by later Tājika writers, conclusions are drawn with regard to other works, now lost or misattributed, by the same author.
The synonymy of Cyalithoides fulgida Fisher, 1922 with Chrysodema robusta Deyrolle, 1864 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae)
Authors: BELLAMY C. L. , LANDER T. 
Published: May 2019

The genus Cyalithoides Fisher (1922) has remained unstudied since its original description, with only subsequent listings by Obenberger (1926) and Bellamy (2003). Furthermore, it was discussed apparently without the type having been examined by Levey (1978) and Hoyski (1980) in relation to new taxa and classification proposals in their respective works. The unique holotype of C. fulgida Fisher (1922) was recently examined by us and was found to be synonymous with Chrysodema robusta Deyrolle (1864), and structurally coming very close to the type of C. cyanivertex Obenberger (1928), which is also a junior synonym of C. robusta. Lander’s (2003) recent revision of Chrysodema Laporte & Gory, 1835 provides confidence for the new synonymy proposals below as there are no differences in C. robusta that do not agree with the current definition of Chrysodema. One additional note is that Fisher must have considered Cyalithoides as feminine given his use of fulgida, as the specific epithet. Article 30.1.4.4 (ICZN 1999) states that genus-group endings in the suffix -oides are masculine unless the author stated another gender or treated it otherwise. Although Bellamy (2003) treated Cyalithoides as masculine, it can be argued that Fisher treated it as feminine and that definition has priority. Nonetheless, with the synonymy proposed herein, C. fulgida is moved to another feminine genus.
Near-Real-Time Surface-Based CAPE from Merged Hyperspectral IR Satellite Sounder and Surface Meteorological Station Data
Authors: Bloch Callyn , Knuteson Robert O. , Gambacorta Antonia , Nalli Nicholas R. , Gartzke Jessica , Zhou Lihang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNear-real-time satellite-derived temperature and moisture soundings provide information about the changing atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structure occurring between successive routine National Weather Service (NWS) radiosonde launches. In particular, polar-orbiting satellite soundings become critical to the computation of stability indices over the central United States in the midafternoon, when there are no operational NWS radiosonde launches. Accurate measurements of surface temperature and dewpoint temperature are key in the calculation of severe weather indices, including surface-based convective available potential energy (SBCAPE). This paper addresses a shortcoming of current operational infrared-based satellite soundings, which underestimate the surface parcel temperature and dewpoint when CAPE is nonzero. This leads to a systematic underestimate of SBCAPE. This paper demonstrates a merging of satellite-derived vertical profiles with surface observations to address this deficiency for near-real-time applications. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) hourly surface observation data are blended with satellite soundings derived using the NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) to create a greatly improved SBCAPE calculation. This study is not intended to validate NUCAPS or the combined NUCAPS + MADIS product, but to demonstrate the benefits of combining observational weather satellite profile data and surface observations. Two case studies, 18 June 2017 and 3 July 2017, are used in this study to illustrate the success of the combined NUCAPS + MADIS SBCAPE compared to the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate. In addition, a 6-month period, April–September 2018, was analyzed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of using surface observations in satellite SBCAPE calculations. To address the need for reduced data latency, a near-real-time merged satellite and surface observation product is demonstrated using NUCAPS products from the Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP) applied to direct broadcast data received at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Hampton University in Virginia, and the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. Through this study, it is found that the combination of the MADIS surface observation data and the NUCAPS satellite profile data improves the SBCAPE estimate relative to comparisons with the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) mesoscale analysis and the NAM analysis compared to the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate. An assessment of the 6-month period between April and September 2018 determined the dry bias in NUCAPS at the surface is the primary cause of the underestimation of the NUCAPS-only SBCAPE estimate.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean Head and Neck Surgery: An Observational Retrospective Single-Centre Study
Authors: Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Ninchritz Elizabeth , González-García Jose Angel , Larruscain-Sarasola Ekhiñe , Sistiaga-Suarez Jon Alexander , Altuna-Mariezcurrena Xabier 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication in surgery. In head and neck surgeries, different rates are reported in the indexed literature. Nowadays, this indiscriminate use of antibiotics is associated with increased cost and risks for patients. Antimicrobial misuse has also contributed to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Patients and Methods: A total of 204 patients were included in this observational retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome of this study was to describe the rate of SSI. Wound infection was considered as SSI and was defined as any cellulitis or pus drainage requiring treatment with antibiotics. Results: Of all, 127 were included in group A (not antibiotic) and 77 in group B (antibiotic prophylaxis); 109 (53.5%) patients were male, and 97 (47.5%) were female. Four (3.14%) patients developed SSI in group A and 3 (3,89%) developed SSI in group B, being not statistically significant ( P = .592). In group A, 2 patients suffered SSI after a submandibular gland resection (SGR), 1 patient after a parotid gland resection (PGR), and another one after a branchial cleft cyst resection. In group B, 1 patient suffered SSI after an SGR and 2 after a PGR. On univariate and multivariate analyses, we did not find any variable associated with the development of SSI. Conclusion: According to our results, the prophylactic antibiotic in clean, benign head and neck surgery is not necessary. Nevertheless, physicians and surgeons should be aware that severe or even fatal SSIs might be developed, and it needs to be explained to our patient before any surgery.