bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel dynamic opto‐thermo‐mechanical stress testing device 2: In situ stretching process of polymeric fibers
Authors: Sokkar T. Z. N. , El‐Farahaty K. A. , El‐Bakary M. A. , Raslan M. I. , Hanash F. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, we used the opto‐mechanical stress testing‐device to stretch a monofilament of isotactic Polypropylene, iPP, fibers. This device was used to obtain the mechanical behavior of these fibers by measuring the complete stress–strain curves at different stretching conditions. Using this device, the different regions of iPP fiber where the mechanical deformation takes place was characterized, including the necking region and fracture initiation process. The obtained mechanical behavior of iPP fibers was correlated to the variations of different optical parameters by attaching the device with the Pluta polarizing interference microscope. This microscope and the stress device allowed us to simultaneously measure the optical parameters and stress–strain data during stretching process at different stretching speeds. These data provide us with comprehensive information on the opto‐mechanical behavior of polymeric fibers. Interferograms are included for illustration.The opto‐mechanical stress testing‐device was used to stretch a monofilament of, iPP, fibers. The mechanical deformation takes place was characterized, including the necking region and fracture initiation process at different stretching speeds.
Morphological evaluation of the liver in Wistar rats inoculated with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) salivary gland extracts
Authors: de Abreu Rusleyd Maria Magalhães , de Abreu Marina Rodrigues , Santos Juan Parente , Hebling Letícia Maria Graballhos Ferraz , Anholeto Luís Adriano , de Souza José Ribamar Lima , Camargo‐Mathias Maria Izabel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Rhipicephalus sanguineus is considered a species of medical and veterinary importance. The feeding process of these animals occurs due to the combined action of their mouthparts and the saliva produced by the salivary glands, vital organs for the biological success of the ticks. In addition, these glands act as storage sites for the pathogens transmitted to the host through the inoculation of the saliva. In this sense, the present study had the objective to analyze the behavior of male Wistar rat hepatic cells submitted to in vivo application of the salivary gland extract (SGE) obtained from R. sanguineus female ticks. The study involved five groups (four male adults each): CG (non‐inoculated individuals); PBS1 (one phosphate buffer saline injection); PBS2 (two PBS injections); SGE1 (one injection of SGE at 0.04 μg/μL) and SGE2 (two injections of SGE at 0.04 μg/μL). After the exposures, the livers were removed and submitted to the following histological and histochemical stains: HE, toluidine blue, Xylidine Ponceau, alcian blue/PAS, and osmium‐imidazole. The results showed that both the PBS and the SGE caused hepatic moderate alterations, such as: (a) emergence of lipid plaques among the hepatic cords; (b) cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatic cells; (c) hepatocytes showing pyknotic nuclei; (d) presence of homogeneous or granular secretion in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Despite the slight morphological alterations observed in the hepatic cells and tissue, the latter did not show signs of disorganization after the exposure to the extracts.
Irritating effects of sodium lauryl sulfate on human primary keratinocytes at subtoxic levels of exposure
Authors: Choi Hyeongwon , Shin Min Kyung , Ahn Hey Jin , Lee Tae Ryong , Son Youngsook , Kim Kyung Sook 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChemical agents that can potentially cause skin irritation are typically tested in animal models or in vitro assays of cell viability or cytokine expression. However, these methods do not always provide translatable results and are not sufficiently sensitive for subtoxicity detection. Here, we introduce the mechanical properties of keratinocytes as novel endpoints for the safety assessment of chemical agents at the subtoxicity level. Human primary keratinocytes were treated with various concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and their biological properties (proliferation, membrane integrity, inflammatory response, and morphology) were observed. Their biomechanical and geometrical parameters (stiffness and surface roughness) were also investigated by atomic force microscopy. Keratinocyte morphophysiological changes and inflammatory responses were significant at ≥25 μM SLS. The keratinocytes became less stiff due to changes in the distribution of F‐actin filaments and α‐tubulin; these changes were significant even at lower doses of SLS (≤10 μM). The morphophysiological changes of keratinocytes were clearly seen at a relatively high dose of SLS, while the mechanical properties of keratinocytes responded linearly to SLS at lower doses. Therefore, changes in mechanical properties can be used as new endpoints for in vitro toxicity testing with keratinocytes.
Synthesis of Sulfobetaine‐Type Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants (EAPMAC) and Their Oilfield Application Properties
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhou Lei , Guo Xiao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFour sulfobetaine‐type zwitterionic gemini surfactants bis{[(N‐ethyl‐N alkylamide‐ethyl‐N‐(2‐hydr oxyl‐3‐sodium sulfonic acid) propyl] methylene} ammonium chlorides (EAPMAC‐11, EAPMAC‐13 EAPMAC‐15, and EAPMAC‐17) were synthesized by three steps using triethylene tetramine, fatty‐acid methyl esters, ethyl chloride, N,N′‐dimethyl ethylenediamine, and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropane sulfonic acid sodium as main raw materials. Their chemical structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and elemental analysis. The surface activity, critical micelle concentration, and interfacial activity were correlated with the length of the carbon chain. The results show low emulsifying tendency toward crude oil, low interfical tension, high salt tolerance, and excellent long‐term thermal stability. Moreover, high biocidal activities and good protection of metal surfaces against acidic environments are also reflected. These properties suggest that these new gemini surfactants have enormous application potential in oilfield application areas.
Latitudinal variations in Salpa thompsoni reproductive fitness
Authors: Henschke Natasha , Pakhomov Evgeny A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSalpa thompsoni is a major grazer that plays a significant and disproportionate role in the Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycle. It occurs in higher numbers in the warmer mid‐latitude waters of the Southern Ocean. In recent decades, salp populations shifted significantly southward intruding into areas generally dominated by Antarctic krill. It is unclear whether salps can survive in high latitude waters because of their hypothesized negative reproductive response to low temperatures and scarcity of food. To explore how environmental conditions impact S. thompsoni reproductive fitness, we examined a long‐term (1993–2013), cross‐latitudinal dataset of S. thompsoni population demographics in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Observations cover over 25° of latitude, from just south of the Subtropical Convergence to the Antarctic continent. S. thompsoni populations were strongly driven by temperature with higher abundances observed at temperatures between 3°C and 5°C. Occasionally, dense and mature populations of S. thompsoni occurred at high latitudes during summer, declining in density by autumn, which was accompanied by significant increases in the appearance of failed embryos. The proportion of failed embryos was significantly correlated with decreasing temperature and Chl a, indicating the importance of these parameters in autumn and high latitude population collapses. The successful development and release of an embryo is a critical factor determining the persistence of S. thompsoni populations. Blastozooid bud release occurred continuously from spring to autumn, and may be a way S. thompsoni populations mitigate against the sensitivity of the blastozooid's reproductive fitness to high‐Antarctic conditions.
Chinese Oak Tasar Silkworm Antheraea pernyi Silk Proteins: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Silva Simone S. , Kundu Banani , Lu Shenzhou , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChinese nonmulberry temperate oak tasar/tussah, Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk is a natural biopolymer that has attracted considerable attention as a biomaterial. The proteinaceous components of Ap silk proteins, namely fibroin and sericin may represent an alternative over mulberry Bombyx mori silk proteins. In fact, the silk fibroin (SF) of Ap is rich in Arginyl‐Glycyl‐Aspartic acid (RGD) peptides, which facilitate the adhesion and proliferation of various cell types. The possibility of processing Ap silk proteins into different distinct 2D‐ and 3D‐based matrices is described in earlier studies, such as membranes, nanofibers, scaffolds, and micro/nanoparticles, contributing to a different rate of degradation, mechanical properties, and biological performance useful for various biomedical applications. This review summarizes the current advances and developments on nonmulberry Chinese oak tasar silk protein (fibroin and sericin)‐based biomaterials and their potential uses in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutic delivery strategies.
An Evaluation of Vertically Suspended Environmental Enrichment Structures during Rainbow Trout Rearing
Authors: Crank Kathleen M , Kientz Jeremy L , Barnes Michael E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Environmental enrichment is the addition of substrate or structural complexity to typically sterile culture environments, but the effects of enrichment on fish rearing performance are relatively unknown. This 127-d study examined the growth and condition of juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in near-fully covered circular tanks (1.8 m diameter) with three novel environmental treatments: (1) eight vertically suspended nylon strings with seven colored (6.4 cm diameter) plastic spheres (high density), (2) five vertically suspended strings with seven colored plastic spheres (low density), and (3) a mixture of five vertically suspended colored plastic spheres and nine vertically suspended aluminum rods. Near-fully covered tanks without enrichment were used as a control. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, individual fish length, and fish weight were significantly improved in environmentally enriched tanks compared with those features in the unenriched control. Among all of the treatments, the tanks of fish with high-density spheres had significantly higher ending tank weights (i.e., total weight of fish in tank) and weight gain, both of which were nearly 65% and 75% greater, respectively, than in the control tanks. However, high density spheres also interfered with the self-cleaning nature of the circular tanks. No significant differences in splenosomatic indices, viscerosomatic indices, hepatosomatic indices, and relative fin lengths were observed among the three enrichment treatments. Based on the results of this study, the use of either low-density spheres or a mix of rods and spheres is recommended during the rearing of juvenile Rainbow Trout in circular tanks.
Malnutrition Risk in Hospitalized Children: A Descriptive Study of Malnutrition‐Related Characteristics and Development of a Pilot Pediatric Risk‐Assessment Tool
Authors: Wong Vega Molly , Beer Stacey , Juarez Marisa , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnderrecognition of pediatric malnutrition may affect nutrition interventions and outcomes. Pediatric malnutrition uses more specific etiology‐based criteria but lacks clarity in implementation guidelines. Study goals were to identify malnutrition and risk among hospitalized patients, characterize malnutrition risk factors, and assess reliability of criteria against outcome measures.Materials and MethodsAll children 44 weeks postmenstrual age–18 years, admitted for 48 hours during a 16‐day period, were included (n = 528). Trained dietitians assessed patients in physical assessments (PA), growth, energy intake, increased nutrient losses (IL), altered absorption of nutrients (AA), hypermetabolism and inflammation, laboratory information, micronutrient deficiency, and functional status. Outcome data assessed were length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, ventilation days, nutrition support, and dietitian intervention.
ResultsMalnutrition prevalence upon admission was 19.7%. Weight/length or BMI/age z‐score (ZS) had no effect on LOS. AA and IL upon admission were independently associated with malnutrition (both, P<.01). Wasting and hypermetabolism were independently associated with longer LOS (P<.01). Other factors associated with longer LOS included IL and inflammation (P < .05). Those with hypermetabolism had significant ZS improvements if followed by a dietitian (P < .05). Wasting via PA was the only factor associated with longer ICU LOS (P < .05).ConclusionsIdentification of risk factors (wasting, hypermetabolism, AA, IL) beyond anthropometrics to define malnutrition and risk is important in prioritizing care in a tertiary pediatric facility. Of great significance is the ability of dietitian‐based PA to predict LOS and need for intervention.
Stewardship of quality of care in health systems: Core functions, common pitfalls, and potential solutions
Authors: Chan Benjamin T.B. , Veillard Jeremy H.M. , Cowling Krycia , Klazinga Niek S. , Brown Adalsteinn D. , Leatherman Sheila 
Published: October 2018

SummaryNational Ministries of Health in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have a key role to play as stewards of the quality agenda in their health systems. This paper uses a previously developed six‐point framework for stewardship (strategy formulation, intersectoral collaboration, governance and accountability, health system design, policy and regulation, and intelligence generation) and identifies specific examples of activities in LMICs in each of these domains, pitfalls to avoid, and possible solutions to these pitfalls. Many LMICs now have quality strategies with clear vision statements. There are good examples of quality agencies and donor collaboration councils to coordinate activities across different sectors. There are multiple options for accountability, including public reporting, community accountability structures, results‐based payment, accreditation, and inspection. To improve health system design, available tools include decision support tools, task‐shifting models, supply chain management, and programs to train quality improvement staff. Policy options include legislation on disclosure of adverse events, and regulations to ensure skills of health care providers. Lastly, health information tools include patient registries, facility surveys, hospital discharge abstracts, standardized population and patient surveys, and dedicated agencies for reporting on quality. Policy‐makers can use this article to identify options for driving the quality agenda and address anticipated implementation barriers.
Back Cover: Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 11
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Catena Silvia 
Published: October 2018

The back cover image is based on the Research Article Synthesis and characterization of versatile amphiphilic dendrimers peripherally decorated with positively charged amino acids by Silvana Alfei and Silvia Catena, DOI: 10.1002/pi.5680.
image
Transition services for students with intellectual disabilities: School psychologists’ perceptions
Authors: Talapatra Devadrita , Roach Andrew T. , Varjas Kris , Houchins David E. , Crimmins Daniel B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), transition services increase access to postschool opportunities. School psychologists should contribute to transition services but have reportedly limited involvement in this area. This study distributed a national survey (N = 176) assessing school psychologists’ current knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding transition services for students with ID. Results indicated that attitudes toward and knowledge of the ID population were significant predictors of transition task performance, and knowledge was a significant predictor of transition‐related attitudes and behaviors. The results provided preliminary evidence that increasing school psychologists’ specific knowledge of transition services and encouraging positive attitudes toward the transition needs of students with ID may increase school psychologists’ performance in transition practice. Specific recommendations are provided.
Cancer and Aging: Reflections for Elders (CARE): A pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychotherapy intervention for older adults with cancer
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Saracino Rebecca M. , Roth Andrew J. , Harvey Elizabeth , Martin Anne , Moore Mark , Marcone Dana , Poppito Shannon R. , Holland Jimmie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveCancer and Aging: Reflections for Elders (CARE) is a novel, telephone‐delivered intervention designed to alleviate distress in older cancer patients. This pilot randomized controlled trial tested the feasibility and initial efficacy of CARE, drawing from age‐appropriate developmental themes and well‐established coping theory.MethodEligible patients were ≥70 years old; ≥6 months post‐diagnosis of lung, prostate, breast, lymphoma, or gynecological cancer; on active cancer treatment or within 6 months of ending cancer treatment; and had elevated scores on the Distress Thermometer (≥4) or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (≥6). Participants completed five sessions of psychotherapy over 7 weeks with assessments at study entry, post‐intervention, and 2 months post‐intervention. Primary outcomes were feasibility and initial efficacy on anxiety and depression; secondary outcomes included demoralization, coping, loneliness, and spiritual well‐being.ResultsFifty‐nine participants were randomized to either the CARE arm (n = 31) or the enhanced Social Work Control arm (n = 28). The intervention was feasible and tolerable, meeting a priori criteria for rates of eligibility, acceptance, retention, assessment, and treatment fidelity. Upon completion of the intervention, participants in the CARE arm demonstrated lower mean depression scores (d = 0.58 [CI: 0.04‐1.12], P = 0.01) and trended towards increased coping‐planning (d = 0.30 [CI: −0.83 to 0.24], P = 0.18). Promising trends in anxiety (d = 0.41 [CI: −0.17 to 0.98], P = 0.10) emerged at 2 months post‐intervention; effects for coping‐planning dissipated.ConclusionThese pilot data suggest the CARE intervention is feasibly delivered, potentially impacts important psychosocial variables, and is accessible for older, frail patients with cancer. Future research will evaluate this intervention on a larger scale.
Latin American contributions to quantum chemical topology
Authors: García‐Revilla Marco A. , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando , Rocha‐Rinza Tomás , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe survey the contributions from Latin American theoretical chemists to the field of quantum chemical topology (QCT) over nearly the last 30 years with emphasis on the developments and applications of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Applications of QCT in the fields of excited states, electron delocalization, chemical bond, aromaticity, conformational analysis, spectroscopic properties, and chemical reactivity are presented. We also consider the coupling of QTAIM with time‐dependent density functional theory, the virial theorem in the Kohn‐Sham method and the inclusion of electron dynamical correlation in the interacting quantum atoms method using coupled cluster and multi‐configurational densities. Additionally, we describe the development of efficient algorithms for the calculation of topological properties derived from the electron density. This review is aimed not only at providing an account of the contributions to QCT in Latin America but also at stimulating guides for further progress in the field.
Improving the interfacial property of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites by grafting amine‐capped cross‐linked poly‐itaconic acid
Authors: Shang Lei , Zhang Mengjie , Liu Liu , Xiao Linghan , Li Ming , Ao Yuhui 
Published: October 2018

To improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer composites, a surface treatment was used to cap cross‐linked poly‐itaconic acid onto carbon fibres via in‐situ polymerization after itaconic acid grafting. The chemical composition of the modified carbon fiber (CF) surface was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectral and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images showed that the poly‐itaconic acid protective sheath was uniformly capped onto the CF surface and that the surface roughness was obviously enhanced. Chemical bonds also played a key role in the interfacial enhancement. The results showed that the interfacial shear strength of the composites with poly‐itaconic acid on the carbon fibres (72.2 MPa) was significantly increased by 89.5% compared with that of the composites with pristine CF (38.1 MPa). Moreover, the poly‐itaconic acid sheath promoted a slight increase in mono‐fibre tensile strength. In addition, the interfacial mechanisms were also discussed. Meanwhile, the mechanical property of the functionalized CF/epoxy resin composites was also significantly improved.
Ambient Air Condition for Room‐Temperature Deposition of MAPbI3 Films in Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Pan Jinlong , Liang Yongqi , Li Qi , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been boosted rapidly, it has so far exceeded that of commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cells. This has prompted great interest in large‐scale production and deployment of perovskite solar cells. However, state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells are fabricated inside gloveboxes and further annealing at high temperatures (typically at >100 °C for 30 min) is needed. These two required conditions are not compatible with, either in the respect to high‐throughput or thermal budget, a feasible industrial production process. By eliminating the two requirements, the deposition of perovskite films both at room temperature and under ambient air condition will make the scalable roll‐to‐roll fabrication scheme feasible. Here, the anti‐solvent (chloroform) washing is introduced to the previously developed hydrochloride‐assisted method and demonstrate that the room‐temperature method can be carried out under ambient air condition for MAPbI3 film deposition. Through this new procedure, a power conversion efficiency as high as 17.72% is achieved for MAPbI3 planar devices fabricated under a relative humidity of 30% at room temperature. Further, it is revealed that the room‐temperature process MAPbI3 films show a near monoexponential decay pathway with a long photoluminescence lifetime of >400 ns.