bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paranoia and interpersonal functioning across the continuum from healthy to pathological – Network analysis
Authors: Hajdúk Michal , Klein Hans S. , Harvey Philip D. , Penn David L. , Pinkham Amy E. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivePrevious research has suggested that paranoia is associated with impaired social functioning in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals with high levels of paranoid ideation. This study analysed the relationship between paranoia and interpersonal functioning across the paranoia continuum using network analysis.MethodLevels of paranoid ideation and interpersonal functioning were measured in a non‐clinical sample (N = 853) and in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N = 226). Network analyses were used to examine the nature of paranoia's relation to interpersonal functioning in both populations.ResultsAlthough the most central characteristic of paranoia in both samples was the feeling of being talked about behind one's back, across samples, individual characteristics were differentially related to various aspects of interpersonal functioning. Among clinical individuals, difficulties in interpersonal functioning were related to perceived previous experiences of being treated poorly by others, whereas among the non‐clinical sample, interpersonal functioning was related to negative beliefs about others.ConclusionsThe current results support previous findings linking paranoid ideation to interpersonal functioning in both clinical and non‐clinical samples. Patterns of these relationships differed slightly across groups. Results in general support a continuum model of paranoia.Practitioner points

Network analyses were used to identify central aspects of persecutory ideation in both clinical and non‐clinical samples. Qualitative assessment of clinical and non‐clinical networks revealed similar central symptoms and supported a continuum model of paranoia.

Central aspects of paranoia, that is, feeling that others have talked about oneself behind one's back, being disappointed by others, and having distressing feelings of being watched by others, were associated with deficits in interpersonal functioning in both samples.

Central aspects of paranoia may be beneficial targets for psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing paranoid ideation and improving interpersonal functioning.

Demographic characteristics for this study differed between samples which may limit generalization of findings.

Future research is needed to explore temporal associations and moment‐to‐moment dynamics between paranoid ideation and problems in interpersonal functioning.
Clinical and genetic ancestry profile of a large multi‐centre sickle cell disease cohort in Brazil
Authors: Carneiro‐Proietti Anna B. F. , Kelly Shannon , Miranda Teixeira Carolina , Sabino Ester C. , Alencar Cecilia S. , Capuani Ligia , Salomon Silva Tassila P. , Araujo Aderson , Loureiro Paula , Máximo Cláudia , Lobo Clarisse , Flor‐Park Miriam V. , Rodrigues Daniela O. W. , Mota Rosimere A. , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Hoppe Carolyn , Ferreira João E. , Ozahata Mina , Page Grier P. , Guo Yuelong , Preiss Liliana R. , Brambilla Donald , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian ,   the International Component of the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS‐III)
Published: July 2018

SummaryApproximately 3500 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are born in Brazil each year, but the burden ofSCDmorbidity is not fully characterised. A large, multi‐centre cohort was established to characterise clinical outcomes in the BrazilianSCDpopulation and create the infrastructure to perform genotype‐phenotype association studies. Eligible patients were randomly selected from participating sites and recruited at routine visits. A biorepository of blood samples was created and comprehensive demographic and clinical outcome data were entered in a centralized electronic database. Peripheral blood genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using a customized Transfusion Medicine (TM) Array. A total of 2795 participants at six Brazilian sites were enrolled between 2013 and 2015. The cohort included slight predominance of children <18 years (55·9%) and females (53·0%). Haemoglobin (Hb)SSwas the most commonSCDgenotype (70·7%), followed by HbSC(23%), Sβ0 (3·0%) and Sβ+ (2·9%).SNPdata from theTMArray were analysed to evaluate the genetic ancestry of the cohort and revealed significant admixture among the population. Demographics and clinical complications, stratified by age andSCDgenotype, are summarized and future studies in this cohort are discussed.
Incidence of intracranial bleeding in anticoagulated patients with minor head injury: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Minhas Hersimren , Welsher Arthur , Turcotte Michelle , Eventov Michelle , Mason Suzanne , Nishijima Daniel K. , Versmée Grégoire , Li Meirui , de Wit Kerstin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryGuidelines advise performing a computed tomography head scan for all anticoagulated head injured patients, but the risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) after a minor head injury is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the incidence of ICH in anticoagulated patients presenting with a minor head injury and a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 15. We followed Meta‐Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guidelines. We included all prospective studies recruiting consecutive anticoagulated emergency patients presenting with a head injury. Anticoagulation included vitamin‐K antagonists (warfarin, fluindione), direct oral anticoagulants (apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran and edoxaban) and low molecular weight heparin. A total of five studies (including 4080 anticoagulated patients with a GCS of 15) were included in the analysis. The majority of patients took vitamin K antagonists (98·3%). There was significant heterogeneity between studies with regards to mechanism of injury and methods. The random effects pooled incidence of ICH was 8·9% (95% confidence interval 5·0–13·8%). In conclusion, around 9% of patients on vitamin K antagonists with a minor head injury develop ICH. There is little data on the risk of traumatic intracranial bleeding in patients who have a GSC 15 post‐head injury and are prescribed a direct oral anticoagulant.
Species at risk in Ontario: An examination of environmental non‐governmental organizations
Authors: Olive Andrea , Penton Grant 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiodiversity loss and species at risk conservation are significant global environmental issues. In Ontario, one of Canada's largest and most biologically diverse provinces, the government passed stringent species at risk policy in 2007, which it has since failed to fully implement. Such failure leaves a void that must be filled by other actors. This paper examines that role that environmental non‐governmental organizations (eNGOs) play in species at risk conservation in Ontario. A survey of 42 conservation eNGOs reveals that there is a small core group of dedicated eNGOs in the province. These groups maintain open lines of communication with landowners, government, and each other, while fulfilling the traditional roles of public education and advocacy. While there is no single eNGO in Ontario to champion species at risk as a single issue, there are numerous groups working together to improve species at risk conservation in the province.
Norwegian child welfare workers' perceptions of emergency placements
Authors: Storhaug Anita Skårstad , Kojan Bente Heggem , Fjellvikås Grethe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmergency placements in child welfare services have increased during the last 10 years in Norway. At the time of placement, some of these children have been in the child welfare system for several years. Based on qualitative interviews, our study explores Norwegian child welfare workers' perceptions of long‐term cases resulting in emergency placements. The participants reported that they felt they had intervened too late, as it took them too long to understand the severity of the situation. This occurred mainly due to three factors: (a) The work had mainly been based on the parents' premises; (b) having too much distance to the child, as they talked too little with the child, too late in the process; (c) an experience of lacking methodological skills needed and sufficient opportunities to conduct proper observations and assessments; (d) supportive measures were tried for too long, and these measures were not properly evaluated. Giving other professionals' assessments considerable weight in the decision‐making process, and the use of legal language rather than independent, professional assessments, can be seen as another way of distancing themselves from both the family and the decisions being made.
Spectral Gradient Sampling for Path Tracing
Authors: Petitjean Victor , Bauszat Pablo , Eisemann Elmar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpectral Monte‐Carlo methods are currently the most powerful techniques for simulating light transport with wavelength‐dependent phenomena (e.g., dispersion, colored particle scattering, or diffraction gratings). Compared to trichromatic rendering, sampling the spectral domain requires significantly more samples for noise‐free images. Inspired by gradient‐domain rendering, which estimates image gradients, we propose spectral gradient sampling to estimate the gradients of the spectral distribution inside a pixel. These gradients can be sampled with a significantly lower variance by carefully correlating the path samples of a pixel in the spectral domain, and we introduce a mapping function that shifts paths with wavelength‐dependent interactions. We compute the result of each pixel by integrating the estimated gradients over the spectral domain using a one‐dimensional screened Poisson reconstruction. Our method improves convergence and reduces chromatic noise from spectral sampling, as demonstrated by our implementation within a conventional path tracer.
A Physically‐based Appearance Model for Special Effect Pigments
Authors: Guo Jie , Chen Yanjun , Guo Yanwen , Pan Jingui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn appearance model for materials adhered with massive collections of special effect pigments has to take both high‐frequency spatial details (e.g., glints) and wave‐optical effects (e.g., iridescence) due to thin‐film interference into account. However, either phenomenon is challenging to characterize and simulate in a physically accurate way. Capturing these fascinating effects in a unified framework is even harder as the normal distribution function and the reflectance term are highly correlated and cannot be treated separately. In this paper, we propose a multi‐scale BRDF model for reproducing the main visual effects generated by the discrete assembly of special effect pigments, enabling a smooth transition from fine‐scale surface details to large‐scale iridescent patterns. We demonstrate that the wavelength‐dependent reflectance inside the pixel's footprint follows a Gaussian distribution according to the central limit theorem, and is closely related to the distribution of the thin‐film's thickness. We efficiently determine the mean and the variance of this Gaussian distribution for each pixel whose closed‐form expressions can be derived by assuming that the thin‐film's thickness is uniformly distributed. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed model is compared against some previous methods and photographs of actual materials. Furthermore, since our method does not require any scene‐dependent precomputation, the distribution of thickness is allowed to be spatially‐varying.
Quad‐Based Fourier Transform for Efficient Diffraction Synthesis
Authors: Scandolo Leonardo , Lee Sungkil , Eisemann§ Elmar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFar‐field diffraction can be evaluated using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in image space but it is costly due to its dense sampling. We propose a technique based on a closed‐form solution of the continuous Fourier transform for simple vector primitives (quads) and propose a hierarchical and progressive evaluation to achieve real‐time performance. Our method is able to simulate diffraction effects in optical systems and can handle varying visibility due to dynamic light sources. Furthermore, it seamlessly extends to near‐field diffraction. We show the benefit of our solution in various applications, including realistic real‐time glare and bloom rendering.
The cell re‐association‐based whole‐tooth regeneration strategies in large animal, Sus scrofa
Authors: Wang Fu , Wu Zhifang , Fan Zhipeng , Wu Tingting , Wang Jinsong , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Songlin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesWhole‐tooth regeneration for tooth loss has long been a goal of dentistry. There is also an increasing demand to carry out pre‐clinical in vitro and in vivo research methods in large animal model similar to human. The miniature pig has proven to be an alternative as a large mammal model owing to its many similarities to human. However, whole‐tooth regeneration in large animal remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the feasibility of cell re‐association‐based whole‐tooth regeneration in miniature pigs.Materials and methodsSingle cells from the forth deciduous molar germs (p4) of pig were reconstituted to bioengineered tooth bud using different treatment for in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation in mouse subrenal capsules and jawbones.ResultsThe bioengineered tooth bud from re‐aggregated epithelial to mesenchymal single cells with and without compartmentalization restored the morphogenesis, interactions or self‐sorting between 2 cells in vitro culture. The pig bioengineered tooth bud transplanted in mouse subrenal capsules and jawbones restored odontogenesis and developed into large size tooth.ConclusionsWe characterized the morphogenesis and interaction of single‐tooth germ cells in vitro, and first addressed efficient long‐term survival and growth through transplantation of pig bioengineered tooth bud under mouse subrenal capsules or in mouse jawbones, where it can develop into large size tooth. Our study extends the feasibility of whole‐tooth regeneration in large animal.
A Topical Exploration of the Intellectual Development of Decision Sciences 1975–2016
Authors: Chae Bongsug (Kevin) , Olson David 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis article reviews Decision Sciences journal articles and metadata to analyze its intellectual tradition. Text analytics is used with probabilistic topic modeling. The topical structure of the journal is reviewed by topic definition and popularity, with correlations. Fifty research topics or themes involving a wide range of quantitative methods and decision‐making practice were selected. Functional areas were also examined. The evolution of topics since 1975 is noted. There is clear indication that journal coverage has evolved. In early years, emphasis was on quantitative modeling methods and relevant methodologies. More recently new research areas to include supply chain management, marketing, service management, and health care are more noted. Some topics are highly correlated. We find that this evolution reflects the changes occurring in business and decision‐making environment. The article discusses external and internal factors important in shaping the journal's topical trajectory. Unique challenges in analyzing text data are discussed. Latent Dirichlet Allocation, an unsupervised Bayesian approach for statistical topic modeling, is applied to 1,698 research articles from Decision Sciences over the period from 1975 to 2016. This approach is found to be useful to discover journal topical trends. Potential for other applications in decision sciences is discussed.
Austerity and families with disabled children: a European survey
Authors: Horridge Karen A , Dew Rosie , Chatelin Alain , Seal Arnab , Macias Lourdes Merio , Cioni Giovanni , Kachmar Oleh , Wilkes Scott ,   On behalf of the European Academy of Childhood Disability
Published: July 2018

AimTo describe the impact austerity measures have had on families with disabled children across Europe and on professionals providing services for them.MethodCross‐sectional surveys were disseminated via professional and family networks in 32 European countries for 3 months from December 2016.ResultsFamilies (n=731), of whom 45% met UNICEF criteria for severe poverty, and professionals (n=959) responded from 23 and 32 countries respectively. Respondents were grouped into those from countries with and without austerity. The direct and indirect impact of austerity cuts and worse working conditions were reported more often by professionals from countries with austerity, compared to those without. Most families reported services to be worse in quality than 3 years ago. Families with completely dependent disabled children said the needs of their disabled children are significantly less well met now, compared to 10 years ago.InterpretationA decline in quality of services for disabled children was reported by most family and many professional respondents across Europe, regardless of austerity. Where implemented, austerity measures were reported to have impacted significantly on families with disabled children.
What this paper adds

Stigma about disability remains a challenge in many countries across Europe.

Most families and many health care professionals reported worsening quality of services than 3 years ago, regardless of austerity.

Austerity cuts are reported to have impacted especially negatively on families with dependent disabled children.
Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction can be used to improve screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Carrillo‐Larco R. M. , Luza‐Dueñas A. C. , Urdániga‐Hung M. , Bernabé‐Ortiz A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of four undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk scores accounting for erectile dysfunction status.MethodsThis was a population‐based cross‐sectional study. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to a oral glucose tolerance test and self‐reported physician diagnosis. Erectile dysfunction was defined according to the answer to the question, ‘Have you had difficulties obtaining an erection in the last 6 months?’ (yes/no). The risk scores used were the FINDRISC, LA‐FINDRISC, American Diabetes Association score and the Peruvian Risk Score. A Poisson regression model was fitted to assess the association between Type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was estimated overall and by erectile dysfunction status.ResultsA total of 799 men with a mean (sd) age of 48.6 (10.7) years were included in the study. The overall prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 9.3%. Compared with healthy men, men with Type 2 diabetes had 2.71 (95% CI 1.57–4.66) higher chances of having erectile dysfunction. Having excluded men aware of Type 2 diabetes status (N=38), the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of three of the risk scores (not the American Diabetes Association score) improved among those who had erectile dysfunction in comparison with those who did not; for example, the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of the LA‐FINDRISC score was 89.6 (95% CI 78.7–99.9) in men with erectile dysfunction and 76.5 (95% CI 68.5–84.4) overall.ConclusionsIn a population‐based study, erectile dysfunction was more common in men with Type 2 diabetes than in the otherwise healthy men. Screening for erectile dysfunction before screening for Type 2 diabetes seems to improve the accuracy of well‐known risk scores for undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Enhanced utilisation of nonmarketable fish: physical, nutritional and sensory properties of ‘clean label’ fish burgers
Authors: Husein Yara , Secci Giulia , Dinnella Caterina , Parisi Giuliana , Fusi Renzo , Monteleone Erminio , Zanoni Bruno 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFour ‘clean label’ formulations for fish burgers made with mechanically separated fish meat were characterised in sensory, textural and chemical terms. The formulations differed in the ratios of European sea bass to rainbow trout (50:50 and 30:70) and the ratios of fish to potato flakes (dry matter ratio, DMR: 2.5:1 and 1.5:1). The sensory profile was mainly influenced by DMR. Recipes with the higher DMR were positively correlated with sandy, dry and crusty attributes, salty taste and overall flavour. Soft texture was perceived for recipes with the lower DMR, although no differences in texture were detected by a texturometer. Lowering DMR increased ash and water content and decreased protein content, as expected. The results indicated that 100 g of burger provided more essential fatty acids than the recommended daily intake, irrespective of formulation. In conclusion, multiple factor analysis indicated that the main changes detected and perceived were due to DMR.
The effect of litchi juice on exopolysaccharide production in milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Yu Yuanshan , Wu Jijun , Xu Yujuan , Xiao Gengsheng , Zou Bo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper, Lactobacillus casei growth, sugar utilisation, exopolysaccharides (EPSs) formation and EPSs characterisation during fermentation of milk with or without litchi juice were evaluated. During L. casei fermentation of litchi‐milk samples, the EPSs content increased with the increase of litchi juice levels (0–25%, v/v), and the both relationship appeared in S‐type curve. The viscosity of fermented milk also significantly increased with the formation of EPSs, and which positively correlated with the EPSs content (R2 = 0.9782). The EPSs from the fermented litchi‐milk samples was isolated for further structural characterisation. Monosaccharide and molecular weight analysis of purified EPSs sample proved that it contained no carbohydrate other than glucose, and its molecular weight was calibrated as 3.03 × 106 Da. FT‐IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the synthesised EPSs sample was α‐glucans (dextrans) with mainly α‐(1→6) linkages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that litchi juice can enhance the EPSs (dextrans, mainly α‐(1→6) linkages) production in fermented milk.
Effect of the process, temperature, light and oxygen on naringin extraction and the evolution of its antioxidant activity
Authors: Ioannou Irina , M'hiri Nouha , Chaaban Hind , Boudhrioua Nourhene Mihoubi , Ghoul Mohamed 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCitrus co‐products are rich in flavonones among them naringin. This compound exhibits several biological activities. These properties are mainly due to its antioxidant activity. The purpose of this work was in one hand to compare five technics of extraction conducted under different operating conditions and in the other hand, to analyse the effects of temperature, light and oxygen on naringin degradation and on the evolution of its antioxidant activity. The results obtained showed that the ultrasound assisted extraction leads to the highest naringin content and the thermal degradation of naringin occurs only for higher temperatures above 100 °C. Moreover, the naringin appears to be sensitive to an exposure to visible light (16.5 klux). The effect of the oxygen is less pronounced due to the lack of the enone structure and a hydroxyl group in position 3. The antioxidant activity of naringin is significantly affected by the light and high temperature.