bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of a “
Candidatus
Brocadia” Bacterium Enriched from Activated Sludge Collected in a Tropical Climate
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Arumugam Krithika , Natarajan Gayathri , Seviour Thomas W. , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Wuertz Stefan , Law Yingyu , Williams Rohan B. H. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium (AnAOB), “
Candidatus
Brocadia,” which was enriched in an anammox reactor. A 3.2-Mb genome sequence comprising 168 contigs was assembled, in which 2,765 protein-coding genes, 47 tRNAs, and one each of 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNAs were annotated. No evidence for the presence of a nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductase was found.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain HD1410, Isolated from a Persistent Nasal Carrier
Authors: Nurjadi Dennis , Boutin Sébastien , Dalpke Alexander , Heeg Klaus , Zanger Philipp 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of a
Staphylococcus aureus
strain isolated from the nares of an 18-year-old female healthy persistent-carrier individual, and it was used to investigate
S. aureus
-specific immune responses in colonized and noncolonized individuals.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the ‘Care for Stroke’ intervention in India: a smartphone-enabled, carer-supported, educational intervention for management of disabilities following stroke
Authors: Sureshkumar K , Murthy G V S , Kuper Hannah 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe rising prevalence of stroke and stroke-related disability witnessed globally over the past decades may cause an overwhelming demand for rehabilitation services. This situation is of concern for low-income and middle-income countries like India where the resources for rehabilitation are often limited. Recently, a smartphone-enabled carer-supported educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following stroke was developed in India. It was found to be feasible and acceptable, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking. Hence, as a step forward, this study intends to evaluate clinical effectiveness of the intervention through a randomised controlled trial.MethodsThe objective of the study is to evaluate whether the ‘Care for Stroke’ intervention is clinically and cost-effective for the reduction of dependency in activities of daily living among stroke survivors in an Indian setting. This study is designed as a randomised controlled trial comparing people who received the intervention to those receiving standard care. The trial will be pragmatic and outcome assessor-blinded. The primary outcome for the study is dependency in daily living measured by the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). A total of 266 adult stroke survivors who fulfil the eligibility criteria will be randomised to receive either ‘Care for Stroke’ intervention or standard treatment and will be followed up for 6 weeks. The main analyses will compare participants allocated to the ‘Care for Stroke’ intervention versus those allocated to the standard treatment group on an ‘intention-to-treat’ basis, irrespective of whether the participants received the treatment allocated or not. The dichotomised MRS scores (0–3 and 4–6) in both the groups will be used to calculate the effect estimates with a measure of precision (95% CI) and presented in the results of the trial.Ethics and disseminationThe Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad/Public Health Foundation of India – Independent Institutional Ethics Committee and the Ethics Committee of the London School of HygieneandTropical Medicine. Dissemination will be through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2017/07/009014.
Compliance with point-of-sale tobacco control policies and student tobacco use in Mumbai, India
Authors: Mistry Ritesh , Pednekar Mangesh S , McCarthy William J , Resnicow Ken , Pimple Sharmila A , Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Mishra Gauravi A , Gupta Prakash C 
Published: May 2018

Background
We measured how student tobacco use and psychological risk factors (intention to use and perceived ease of access to tobacco products) were associated with tobacco vendor compliance with India’s Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act provisions regulating the point-of-sale (POS) environment.

Methods
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey of high school students (n=1373) and tobacco vendors (n=436) in school-adjacent communities (n=26) in Mumbai, India. We used in-class self-administered questionnaires of high school students, face-to-face interviews with tobacco vendors and compliance checks of tobacco POS environments. Logistic regression models with adjustments for clustering were used to measure associations between student tobacco use, psychological risk factors and tobacco POS compliance.

Results
Compliance with POS laws was low overall and was associated with lower risk of student current tobacco use (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.91) and current smokeless tobacco use (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.77), when controlling for student-level and community-level tobacco use risk factors. Compliance was not associated with student intention to use tobacco (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.18) and perceived ease of access to tobacco (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.00).

Conclusions
Improving vendor compliance with tobacco POS laws may reduce student tobacco use. Future studies should test strategies to improve compliance with tobacco POS laws, particularly in low-income and middle-income country settings like urban India.
Ordered Escape Routing with Consideration of Differential Pair and Blockage
Authors: Jiao Fengxian , Dong Sheqin 
Published: May 2018

Ordered escape routing is a critical issue in high-speed PCB routing. Differential pair and thermal-blockage-avoided are useful in PCB design to obtain high noise immunity and low electromagnetic interference. In this article, a Min-cost Multi-commodity Flow (MMCF) approach is proposed to solve the ordered escape routing. First, the characteristic of grid pin array and staggered pin array is analyzed and then a basic network model is used to convert ordered escape routing to MMCF model. To satisfy the constraints of ordered escape routing, three novel transformations, such as non-crossing transformation, ordering transformation, and capacity transformation, are used to convert the basic network model to the final correct MMCF model. After that, the differential pair in ordered escape routing is discussed. Finally, a method to deal with the blockage issue is proposed.
Experimental results show that our method achieves 100% routability for all the test cases. The method can get both a feasible solution and an optimal solution for ordered escape routing. Compared to published approaches, our method improves in both wire length and CPU time remarkably. At the same time, the proposed method can effectively avoid the blockage and deal with the differential pair.
Abnormal motor cortical adaptation to external stimulus in Unverricht-Lundborg disease (progressive myoclonus type 1, EPM1)
Authors: Julkunen Petro , Löfberg Olli , Kallioniemi Elisa , Hyppönen Jelena , Kälviäinen Reetta , Mervaala Esa 
Published: May 2018

Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) is associated with progressive functional and anatomic changes in the thalamus and motor cortex. The neurophysiological mechanisms behind the impaired thalamocortical system were studied through short-term adaptation of the motor cortex to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) via repetition suppression (RS) phenomenon. RS is considered to be related to neural processing of external stimuli. We hypothesized that this neural processing is progressively impaired in EPM1 from adolescence to adulthood. Eight adult patients with EPM1 (age: 40 ± 13 yr), six adolescent patients with EPM1 (age: 16 ± 1 yr), and ten adult controls (age: 35 ± 12 yr) were studied using navigated TMS and RS study protocol including trains of four repeated stimuli with intertrain interval of 20 s and interstimulus interval of 1 s. Changes in RS were investigated from adolescence to adulthood in EPM1 by comparing with adult controls. In controls, the RS was seen as 50–55% reduction in motor response amplitudes to TMS after the first stimulus. RS was mild or missing in EPM1. RS from first to second stimulus within the stimulus trains was significantly stronger in adolescent patients than in adult patients ( P = 0.046). Abnormal RS correlated with the myoclonus severity of the patients. In agreement with our hypothesis, neural processing of external stimuli is progressively impaired in EPM1 possibly due to anatomically impaired thalamocortical system or inhibitory tonus preventing sufficient adaptive reactiveness to stimuli. Our results suggest that RS abnormality might be used as a biomarker in the therapeutic trials for myoclonus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1) is associated with impaired thalamocortical function, which we studied in 8 adult and 6 adolescent patients and in 10 adult controls through repetition suppression (RS) of the motor cortex. We hypothesized that neural processing is progressively impaired in EPM1 from adolescence to adulthood. RS was normal in controls, whereas it was mild or missing in EPM1. Stronger RS was seen in adolescent patients than in adult patients correlating with the myoclonus severity.
Nitric oxide augments single persistent Na+channel currents via the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in Kenyon cells isolated from cricket mushroom bodies
Authors: Ikeda Mariko , Yoshino Masami 
Published: May 2018

The nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signaling pathway has been suggested to be important in the formation of olfactory memory in insects. However, the molecular targets of the NO signaling cascade in the central neurons associated with olfactory learning and memory have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we investigated the effects of NO donors on single voltage-dependent Na+channels in intrinsic neurons, called Kenyon cells, in the mushroom bodies in the brain of the cricket. Step depolarization on cell-attached patch membranes induces single-channel currents with fast-activating and -inactivating brief openings at the beginning of the voltage steps followed by more persistently recurring brief openings all along the 150-ms pulses. Application of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) increased the number of channel openings of both types of single Na+channels. This excitatory effect of GSNO on the activity of these Na+channels was diminished by KT5823, an inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), indicating an involvement of PKG in the downstream pathway of NO. Application of KT5823 alone decreased the activity of the persistent Na+channels without significant effects on the fast-inactivating Na+channels. The membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8Br-cGMP increased the number of channel openings of both types of single Na+channels, similar to the action of NO. Taken together, these results indicate that NO acts as a critical modulator of both fast-inactivating and persistent Na+channels and that persistent Na+channels are constantly upregulated by the endogenous cGMP/PKG signaling cascade.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study clarified that nitric oxide (NO) increases the activity of both fast-inactivating and persistent Na+channels via the cGMP/PKG signaling cascade in cricket Kenyon cells. The persistent Na+channels are also found to be upregulated constantly by endogenous cGMP/PKG signaling. On the basis of the present results and the results of previous studies, we propose a hypothetical model explaining NO production and NO-dependent memory formation in cricket large Kenyon cells.
Handedness results from complementary hemispheric dominance, not global hemispheric dominance: evidence from mechanically coupled bilateral movements
Authors: Woytowicz Elizabeth J. , Westlake Kelly P. , Whitall Jill , Sainburg Robert L. 
Published: May 2018

Two contrasting views of handedness can be described as 1) complementary dominance, in which each hemisphere is specialized for different aspects of motor control, and 2) global dominance, in which the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant arm is specialized for all aspects of motor control. The present study sought to determine which motor lateralization hypothesis best predicts motor performance during common bilateral task of stabilizing an object (e.g., bread) with one hand while applying forces to the object (e.g., slicing) using the other hand. We designed an experimental equivalent of this task, performed in a virtual environment with the unseen arms supported by frictionless air-sleds. The hands were connected by a spring, and the task was to maintain the position of one hand while moving the other hand to a target. Thus the reaching hand was required to take account of the spring load to make smooth and accurate trajectories, while the stabilizer hand was required to impede the spring load to keep a constant position. Right-handed subjects performed two task sessions (right-hand reach and left-hand stabilize; left-hand reach and right-hand stabilize) with the order of the sessions counterbalanced between groups. Our results indicate a hand by task-component interaction such that the right hand showed straighter reaching performance whereas the left hand showed more stable holding performance. These findings provide support for the complementary dominance hypothesis and suggest that the specializations of each cerebral hemisphere for impedance and dynamic control mechanisms are expressed during bilateral interactive tasks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence for interlimb differences in bilateral coordination of reaching and stabilizing functions, demonstrating an advantage for the dominant and nondominant arms for distinct features of control. These results provide the first evidence for complementary specializations of each limb-hemisphere system for different aspects of control within the context of a complementary bilateral task.
The Transition to Capital in Marx’s Critique of Political Economy
Authors: Mau Søren 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe introduction of the concept of capital inCapital– with the words ‘we find’ – has provoked a great deal of discussion about the precise relation between the categories of simple circulation and the concept of capital. In this article, I argue that Marx derives the concept of capital by way of an analysis of the immanent contradictions of money, and that this dialectical derivation can be understood as a conceptual movement in which the concepts of money and capital progressively change their modal status. Furthermore, I examine the development of this transition to capital throughout Marx’s writings from the period 1857 to 1872, arguing that the same arguments can be found in all the relevant writings. Finally, the article provides a critical review of the literature on the transition to capital.
An Analysis of the Prevalence of Heat Waves in the United States between 1948 and 2015
Authors: Oswald Evan M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnusually hot weather is a major concern to public health as well as other systems (e.g., ecological, economical, energy). This study utilized spatially continuous and homogenized observational surface climate data to examine changes in the regularity of heat waves in the continental United States. This included the examination of heat waves according only to daytime temperatures, nighttime temperatures, and both daytime and nighttime temperatures. Results confirmed a strong increase in the prevalence of heat waves between the mid-1970s and the dataset end (2015), and that increase was preceded by a mild decrease since the dataset beginning (1948). Results were unclear whether the prevalence of nighttime or simultaneous daytime–nighttime heat waves increased the most, but it was clear that increases were largest in the summer. The largest gains occurred in the West and Southwest, and a “warming hole” was most conspicuous in the northern Great plains. The changes in heat wave prevalence were similar to changes in the mean temperatures, and more so in the daytime heat waves. Daytime and nighttime heat waves coincided with one another more frequently in recent years than they did in the 1970s. Some parts of the United States (West Coast) were more likely than other parts to experience daytime and nighttime heat waves simultaneously. While linear trends were not sensitive to the climate dataset, trend estimation method, or heat wave definition, they were mildly sensitive to the start and end dates and extremely sensitive to the climate base period method (fixed in time or directly preceding any given heat wave).
The 2013/14 Thames Basin Floods: Do Improved Meteorological Forecasts Lead to More Skillful Hydrological Forecasts at Seasonal Time Scales?
Authors: Neumann Jessica , Arnal Louise , Magnusson Linus , Cloke Hannah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Thames basin experienced 12 major Atlantic depressions in winter 2013/14, leading to extensive and prolonged fluvial and groundwater flooding. This exceptional weather coincided with highly anomalous meteorological conditions across the globe. Atmospheric relaxation experiments, whereby conditions within specified regions are relaxed toward a reanalysis, have been used to investigate teleconnection patterns. However, no studies have examined whether improvements to seasonal meteorological forecasts translate into more skillful seasonal hydrological forecasts. This study applied relaxation experiments to reforecast the 2013/14 floods for three Thames basin catchments with different hydrogeological characteristics. The tropics played an important role in the development of extreme conditions over the Thames basin. The greatest hydrological forecasting skill was associated with the tropical Atlantic and less with the tropical Pacific, although both captured seasonal meteorological flow anomalies. Relaxation applied over the northeastern Atlantic produced confident ensemble forecasts, but hydrological extremes were underpredicted; this was unexpected with relaxation applied so close to the United Kingdom. Streamflow was most skillfully forecast for the catchment representing a large drainage area with high peak flow. Permeable lithology and antecedent conditions were important for skillfully forecasting groundwater levels. Atmospheric relaxation experiments can improve our understanding of extratropical anomalies and the potential predictability of extreme events such as the Thames 2013/14 floods. Seasonal hydrological forecasts differed from what was expected from the meteorology alone, and thus knowledge is gained by considering both components. In the densely populated Thames basin, considering the local hydrogeological context can provide an effective early alert of potential high-impact events, allowing for better preparedness.
A rare cause of proximal muscle weakness: immune necrotising myopathy
Authors: Can Guven Deniz , Erden Abdulsamet , Kilic Levent , Ozdamar Sevim Erdem , Karadag Omer 
Published: May 2018

Background Immune-mediated necrotising myopathies are characterised clinically by the subacute onset of proximal limb weakness, accompanied by elevated creatinine kinase levels. They are distinguished from other myopathies by the absence of prominent infiltration of the muscle with inflammatory cells in the biopsies. Case presentation A 44-year-old man presented with upper extremity weakness and dysphagia. Laboratory tests included a creatinine kinase level of 4362 U/L (normal: 52–336 U/L). Rheumatological markers were all negative. A muscle biopsy showed multiple necrotic fibres with minimal inflammatory infiltration. One gram of methylprednisolone (IV) was given, followed by 1 mg/kg of methylprednisolone daily by the oral route. Intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 mg/kg/day) was given for five days. Muscle weakness regressed and dysphagia disappeared with treatment. The patient remains well in the 23rd month of treatment, taking 5 mg/day prednisolone and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusion Treatment of immune-mediated necrotising myopathy can be challenging as evidence-based therapeutic options are limited. It is generally accepted that early and extensive immunosuppression, including glucocorticoids as first-line agents, may be required.
Who Are the Children Available for Adoption?
Authors: Hallinan Helen W. 
Published: May 2018

An adoption program must be geared to the needs of the children under its care. The rights of its children must be its primary concern. Among the children for whom agencies are seeking adoptive homes are those children free for adoption but not readily placeable because of the resistance of adoptive applicants to consider them—for example, the older boy, the child with a physical defect, the child with some mental retardation, the child with emotional problems. Social workers have a responsibility to interpret agency adoption practices to the general public and so gain their support. Before we can do that, however, we must re-examine our own practices, discard what may no longer be valid, develop what we are convinced is good. Only by a thorough knowledge of our own theories, techniques, and practices can we hope to give knowledge to others and so ultimately carry out the responsibility with which we have been charged by the community. The placement of children for adoption through accredited agencies is both the problem and the responsibility of all social agencies, hospitals, and shelters. It is the job of the social worker, in whatever setting he may be, to interpret to the public wherever and whenever the opportunity presents itself, the advantages of agency placements; to point out that there is no easy and painless path to parenthood through adoption but that there is a safe way—the agency way. No matter how attractive the black or gray market placement may appear, it is only the adoption agency that offers safeguards and protection to children, natural parents, and adoptive parents.
Long-Time Care in a Public Child-Placing Agency
Authors: Wires Emily Mitchell 
Published: May 2018

Whether a child is with us for long-time care or for a short period only, our success in meeting his needs will stem from the same essentials: a recognition and acceptance, on the part of both parents and agency, of (1) the need for placement, the reasons therefor, and the probable period of care; (2) the continuing meaning and importance of parents to their children and of children to their parents; (3) the problems attendant upon separation for all concerned. We also need to require of ourselves recognition and acceptance of the important role played by the foster parents, of the difficulties inherent therein, and of our obligation to provide the foster parents not only with casework help and support but to keep them currently aware of the developments and changes in agency practice and philosophy as these affect them.
Mother-Child Relationships in Rehabilitation of the Physically Disabled
Authors: Powers Ann M. , Grayson Morris , Levi Joseph 
Published: May 2018

1. The mother-child relationship may constitute an obstacle to the effective rehabilitation of the disabled younger group. This relationship has to be seen as a dynamic one, involving the body image of the mother as well as that of the child. 2. A casework diagnostic decision regarding whom to attempt to refer—mother, child, or both—which includes psychiatric and psychological evaluation is frequently essential in assisting the social worker with this problem. 3. Following the patient's discharge, the need for continuing a casework contact after a lapse of a few months appears to be a decisive factor in some cases for eventual successful referral of the younger group. Proper handling of referrals, by the caseworker's understanding of the above factors, can mean success or failure in the rehabilitation of the young disabled person. It is equally important that physicians and other disciplines in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, as well as social workers, recognize and assist in paving the way for proper referrals.