Phytoindication and lichenmonitoring of Gomel city urbanized landscape state and adjacent territories
Authors: Tyulkova E. G. 
Published: February 2018

In Belarus Republic the increase tendency in size and number of emissions per square kilometer of the territory from stationary sources is observed in case of decrease in emissions from mobile sources in recent years. Among separate ingredients across the Gomel region growth of sulfur dioxide in emissions from engineering procedures stationary sources is noted that in total is a negative factor for growth and development of region vegetation. The vegetable cover which is characterized by lack of an opportunity to avoid technogenic impact in comparison with other indicators is the most indicative and quickly reacting indicator of industrial enterprises activities influence. Features of sheet device of wood plants morphometry of plants adaptation strategy element in the conditions of technogenic impact and in habitats various on soil wealth and productivity were studied by many researchers in detail. Besides, the lichenindikation belongs to one of effective environment pollution indication methods. However, comparative assessment of the various biological parameters indicator importance and reasons of the most informative characteristics complex for determination of territorial complexes transformation under the industrial influence production is most urgent for extent assessment of ecosystems transformation under the technogenic impact influence. Proceeding from the aforesaid, the work purpose consists in determination of such informative bioindicator indicators as a sheet plate morphometry and a lichensmonitoring for vegetation technogenic change assessment in impact industrial enterprises zone of Gomel city. As research objects were chosen a drooping birch Betula pendula, a white poplar Populus deltoides and a maple acutifoliate Acer platanoides. These trees are one of the most widespread and the researched territories which are often found on. Collection of plant material was carried out during the vegetative period (July, August) 2015– 2016. From each pilot tree (3–5 on each site) from height of 1,5–2 m from the surface of the soil broke 20–25 intact most developed leaves at which determined length, width of a sheet plate. For carrying out a lichenmonitoring used a method of visual assessment and a method of linear crossings. As a result of the comparative analysis of most widespread representatives of wood plants sheet plate length and width it was established that the morphometry of drooping birch leaves Betula pendula and maple acutifoliate Acer platanoides and their standard deviation from average value increases in process of decrease industrial enterprises level technogenic influence in 2015–2016, except for white poplar Populus deltoides leaf length in 2015–2016, and also a standard deviation of drooping birch Betula pendula leaves morphometry and white poplar Populus deltoides in 2015 in the northern industrial zone. The sheet device of inspection zones is characterized by larger sizes in comparison with industrial zones. The dispersive analysis results demonstrate that sheet plate wood plants morphometric parameters statistically authentically differ in case of various size technogenic pollution action on their forming and development that confirms a use this criterion possibility for atmospheric air pollution indication. As a result of a lichenmonitoring growth of bushy lichens in zones with lower technogenic loading and more considerable projective covering the crustose lichens on trees bark from more intensive technogenic influence territory is established. Perhaps effectively to use the integrated approach considering the sheet device morphometric analysis and a lichenmonitoring for vegetable cover indication of technogenic influence.