bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myofascial Pain
Authors: Comeau Douglas , Otis James , Weller Jason 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMyofascial pain syndromes arise from acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and often have a referred neuropathic component. It affects more than three quarters of the world's population and is one of the most important and overlooked causes of disability. The origins of pain are thought to reside anywhere between the motor end plate and the fibrous outer covering of the muscle, with involvement of microvasculature and neurotransmitters at the cellular level. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination for the presence of myofascial trigger points, though some ancillary tests may provide supportive evidence. The mainstay of treatment is regular physical therapy with the goal of restoration of normal muscle laxity and range of motion. Adjunct therapies including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions provide varying degrees of benefit in refractory cases, and onabotulinum toxin A injection has the most evidence of efficacy for these patients. Here, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and therapeutic options for the evaluation and treatment of myofascial pain syndrome.
Radicular Pain Syndromes: Cervical, Lumbar, and Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Patel Ekta , Perloff Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBack pain is a top primary and urgent care complaint; radicular pain can be caused by herniation of the nucleus pulposus (intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes to the vertebrae. The focus of this clinical review will be the clinical approach and treatment of lumbar radicular pain, cervical radicular pain, and spinal stenosis. Usually localized through neurological history, exam, and imaging, specific signs and symptoms for lumbar radicular, spinal stenosis, and cervical radicular pain can help determine etiology. Once radicular back pain has been diagnosed, a multitude of treatment options are available from rest and physical therapy to medications, epidurals, and surgery. The most common and accepted are reviewed. With accurate diagnosis, safe and effective pain management can be employed to shorten radicular episodes and manage recurrent or chronic radicular syndromes. Using a step-wise approach from diagnosis to conservative therapy to potential surgery, radicular pain syndromes can improve or resolve, and patients may achieve a better functional status and quality of life.
Quantitative conformational profiling of kinase inhibitors reveals origins of selectivity for Aurora kinase activation states
Authors: Lake Eric W. , Muretta Joseph M. , Thompson Andrew R. , Rasmussen Damien M. , Majumdar Abir , Faber Erik B. , Ruff Emily F. , Thomas David D. , Levinson Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Many drugs trigger changes to the structure of their target receptor upon binding. These conformational effects are thought to be an essential part of molecular recognition but have proven challenging to quantify. Using a high-throughput method for tracking structural changes in a protein kinase in solution, we discovered that many clinically important cancer drugs trigger substantial structural changes to their target protein kinase Aurora A, and that these effects systematically account for the ability of the drugs to differentiate between different biochemical forms of Aurora A. The results provide insight into mechanisms of drug selectivity and suggest strategies for tailoring inhibitors to target certain cancers in which Aurora A has been dysregulated in different ways.
Dengue type 1 viruses circulating in humans are highly infectious and poorly neutralized by human antibodies
Authors: Raut Rajendra , Corbett Kizzmekia S. , Tennekoon Rashika N. , Premawansa Sunil , Wijewickrama Ananda , Premawansa Gayani , Mieczkowski Piotr , Rückert Claudia , Ebel Gregory D. , De Silva Aruna D. , de Silva Aravinda M. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Due to difficulty in obtaining relevant samples and low levels of dengue virus (DENV) present in patients, it has been difficult to characterize the properties of virions circulating in humans. We characterized DENV1 directly from early acute primary dengue samples and from their cell culture isolates. We observed that virions in humans are more infectious and mature as compared with their cell culture isolates. DENV1 cell culture isolates were hypersensitive to neutralization by human antibodies. Cross-reactive fusion loop antibodies and heterotypic immune sera poorly neutralized plasma DENV1. Identical genome sequences showed that the phenotypic differences are due to the differences in maturation state. The observed structural variation is a significant advance applicable to understanding vaccine failure and designing future vaccine strategies.
Calditol-linked membrane lipids are required for acid tolerance inSulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Zeng Zhirui , Liu Xiao-Lei , Wei Jeremy H. , Summons Roger E. , Welander Paula V. 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceIt is thought that the distinct ether lipid membranes of archaea allow them to thrive in environmental extremes. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate this physiological role directly. Here, we identify a protein required for the biosynthesis of a unique archaeal lipid head group, calditol, whose production was considered to be restricted to a subset of archaeal thermoacidophiles. We show that deletion of this protein inSulfolobus acidocaldariusprevents production of calditol-linked membrane lipids and, in turn, inhibits cell growth at extremely low pH. Our findings also suggest that archaea more broadly, like bacteria, employ radicalS-adenosylmethionine proteins to modify membrane lipids in ways that confer protective effects when environmental conditions, such as pH, fluctuate significantly.
Agricultural Economics as a Poster Child of Applied Economics: Big Data & Big Issues1
Authors: Zilberman David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAgricultural economists have embodied the notions of applied economics for a long time. They have used economic principles to address real‐world problems, integrating economics and scientific knowledge. Applied economics tends to be multidisciplinary and develop applied concepts, theories, and tools. Some, like human capital, diffusion of innovation, contingent valuation, and numerous numerical and econometric techniques have spread throughout economics. Agricultural economic research has been data intensive, and improved information technologies strengthen this tendency. Yet data without theory is of limited use and coevolution of theory and data are essential. Empirical analysis should incorporate quantitative information as well as narratives. We are challenged to understand the coevolution of business, supply chains, and technology, and how they are affected by policies and affect markets. Research should integrate agriculture, energy, and the environment and develop tools to analyze and regulate the emerging bio‐economy integrating biotech and infotech.
AStrap: identification of alternative splicing from transcript sequences without a reference genome
Authors: Ji Guoli , Ye Wenbin , Su Yaru , Chen Moliang , Huang Guangzao , Wu Xiaohui 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Alternative splicing (AS) is a well-established mechanism for increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity, however, detecting AS events and distinguishing among AS types in organisms without available reference genomes remains challenging. We developed a de novo approach called AStrap for AS analysis without using a reference genome. AStrap identifies AS events by extensive pair-wise alignments of transcript sequences and predicts AS types by a machine-learning model integrating more than 500 assembled features. We evaluated AStrap using collected AS events from reference genomes of rice and human as well as single-molecule real-time sequencing data from Amborella trichopoda. Results show that AStrap can identify much more AS events with comparable or higher accuracy than the competing method. AStrap also possesses a unique feature of predicting AS types, which achieves an overall accuracy of ∼0.87 for different species. Extensive evaluation of AStrap using different parameters, sample sizes and machine-learning models on different species also demonstrates the robustness and flexibility of AStrap. AStrap could be a valuable addition to the community for the study of AS in non-model organisms with limited genetic resources.

Availability and implementation
AStrap is available for download at https://github.com/BMILAB/AStrap.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
atSNP Search: a web resource for statistically evaluating influence of human genetic variation on transcription factor binding
Authors: Shin Sunyoung , Hudson Rebecca , Harrison Christopher , Craven Mark , Keleş Sündüz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Understanding the regulatory roles of non-coding genetic variants has become a central goal for interpreting results of genome-wide association studies. The regulatory significance of the variants may be interrogated by assessing their influence on transcription factor binding. We have developed atSNP Search, a comprehensive web database for evaluating motif matches to the human genome with both reference and variant alleles and assessing the overall significance of the variant alterations on the motif matches. Convenient search features, comprehensive search outputs and a useful help menu are key components of atSNP Search. atSNP Search enables convenient interpretation of regulatory variants by statistical significance testing and composite logo plots, which are graphical representations of motif matches with the reference and variant alleles. Existing motif-based regulatory variant discovery tools only consider a limited pool of variants due to storage or other limitations. In contrast, atSNP Search users can test more than 37 billion variant-motif pairs with marginal significance in motif matches or match alteration. Computational evidence from atSNP Search, when combined with experimental validation, may help with the discovery of underlying disease mechanisms.

Availability and implementation
atSNP Search is freely available at http://atsnp.biostat.wisc.edu.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Scrub Typhus From 2007 to 2017 in Southern China
Authors: Zheng Canjun , Jiang Dong , Ding Fangyu , Fu Jingying , Hao Mengmeng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Substantial outbreaks of scrub typhus, coupled with the discovery of this vector-borne disease in new areas, suggest that the disease remains remarkably neglected. The objectives of this study were to map the contemporary and potential transmission risk zones of the disease and to provide novel insights into the health burden imposed by scrub typhus in southern China.

Methods
Based on the assembled data sets of annual scrub typhus cases and maps of environmental and socioeconomic correlates, a boosted regression tree modeling procedure was used to identify the environmental niche of scrub typhus and to predict the potential infection zones of the disease. Additionally, we estimated the population living in the potential scrub typhus infection areas in southern China.

Results
Spatiotemporal patterns of the annual scrub typhus cases in southern China between 2007 and 2017 reveal a tremendous, wide spread of scrub typhus. Temperature, relative humidity, elevation, and the normalized difference vegetation index are the main factors that influence the spread of scrub typhus. In southern China, the predicted highest transmission risk areas of scrub typhus are mainly concentrated in several regions, such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Fujian. We estimated that 162 684 million people inhabit the potential infection risk zones in southern China.

Conclusions
Our results provide a better understanding of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving scrub typhus spread, and estimate the potential infection risk zones beyond the disease’s current, limited geographical extent, which enhances our capacity to target biosurveillance and help public health authorities develop disease control strategies.
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillation scale in the distribution of galaxies to redshift 1
Authors: Abbott T M C , Abdalla F B , Alarcon A , Allam S , Andrade-Oliveira F , Annis J , Avila S , Banerji M , Banik N , Bechtol K , Bernstein R A , Bernstein G M , Bertin E , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Camacho H , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Cawthon R , Chan K C , Crocce M , Cunha C E , D’Andrea C B , da Costa L N , Davis C , De Vicente J , DePoy D L , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Eifler T F , Elvin-Poole J , Estrada J , Evrard A E , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hollowood D , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , Jain B , James D J , Jeltema T , Johnson M D , Kent S , Kokron N , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuhlmann S , Kuropatkin N , Lacasa F , Lahav O , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , Manera M , Marriner J , Marshall J L , Martini P , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miller C J , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Neilsen E , Percival W J , Plazas A A , Porredon A , Romer A K , Roodman A , Rosenfeld R , Ross A J , Rozo E , Rykoff E S , Sako M , Sanchez E , Santiago B , Scarpine V , Schindler R , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Smith R C , Smith M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Troxel M A , Tucker D L , Vikram V , Walker A R , Wechsler R H , Weller J , Yanny B , Zhang Y ,   (The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration)
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
We present angular diameter distance measurements obtained by locating the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) scale in the distribution of galaxies selected from the first year of Dark Energy Survey data. We consider a sample of over 1.3 million galaxies distributed over a footprint of 1336 deg2 with 0.6 < $z$photo < 1 and a typical redshift uncertainty of 0.03(1 + $z$). This sample was selected, as fully described in a companion paper, using a colour/magnitude selection that optimizes trade-offs between number density and redshift uncertainty. We investigate the BAO signal in the projected clustering using three conventions, the angular separation, the comoving transverse separation, and spherical harmonics. Further, we compare results obtained from template-based and machine-learning photometric redshift determinations. We use 1800 simulations that approximate our sample in order to produce covariance matrices and allow us to validate our distance scale measurement methodology. We measure the angular diameter distance, DA, at the effective redshift of our sample divided by the true physical scale of the BAO feature, rd. We obtain close to a 4 per cent distance measurement of DA($z$eff = 0.81)/rd = 10.75 ± 0.43. These results are consistent with the flat Λ cold dark matter concordance cosmological model supported by numerous other recent experimental results.
Concurrent Atlantoaxial Septic Arthritis and Septic Thrombosis of the Ophthalmic Vein due to Staphylococcus aureus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hajar Zeina , Fotedar Neel , Jump Robin L P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Atlantoaxial joint septic arthritis and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis are uncommon manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infection. A 68-year-old man presented with acute-onset neck pain and diplopia. Imaging studies revealed atlantoaxial septic arthritis and right superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. Blood cultures grew methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. We review the literature describing these 2 uncommon manifestations of a common pathogen.
Nearly Twenty Years On: The Canadian Police Executive Community Revisited
Authors: Murray Tonita 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Between 2000 and 2001, the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police published two studies on Canadian police executives. One was a profile of the police executive population, which was described as ‘…middle-aged, overwhelmingly male, somewhat conservative in outlook, practical in approach, and stable in habits… [but with] ambition, energy and application’. Such chiefs could be expected to spend a few uneventful years at the top before fading into much anticipated retirement. The second study (Biro, F., Campbell, P., McKenna, P., and Murray, T. (2000). Police Executives under Pressure: A Study and Discussion of the Issues. Study Series No.3. Ottawa: Police Futures Group, Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police) shows, however, taking charge at the top plunged more than 15% of them into a period of professional and personal turmoil that led to premature termination of their careers. The examination of a sample of the new generation of Canadian police executives and a comparison with the first group against the backdrop of 20 years of social change suggests that the second group is better educated and developed as leaders, more confident, better communicators, and more politically astute. They are also more diverse but not nearly enough, although there is a growing number of non-sworn leaders, with potential to change future policing dynamics and culture. Despite the challenges of rapid social change, the new leaders have avoided the turmoil their predecessors experienced. This may be because they are dealing with operational challenges for which they are well equipped rather than the fundamental structural and cultural transformation in which the first group participated and which brought more change to policing in 30 years than in all the history of Canadian policing.
The Economic Impact of Index Investing
Authors: Brogaard Jonathan , Ringgenberg Matthew C , Sovich David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We study the impact of index investing on firm performance by examining the link between commodity indices and firms that use index commodities. Around 2004, commodity index investing dramatically increased. This event is referred to as the financialization of commodity markets. Following financialization, firms that use index commodities make worse production decisions, earn 40% lower profits, and have 6% higher costs. Consistent with a feedback channel in which market participants learn from prices, our results suggest that index investing distorts the price signal, thereby generating a negative externality that impedes firms’ ability to make production decisions.
Received March 31, 2017; editorial decision July 5, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE OF THE EYE IN NEUROVASCULAR INTERVENTIONAL PHYSICIAN
Authors: Kato Mamoru , Chida Koichi , Ishida Takato , Toyoshima Hideto , Yoshida Yasuyuki , Yoshioka Shotaro , Moroi Junta , Kinoshita Toshibumi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Neurovascular interventional radiology (neuro-IR) procedures tend to require an extended fluoroscopic exposure time and repeated digital subtraction angiography. To evaluate the actual measurement of eye lens dose using a direct eye dosemeter in neuro-IR physicians is important. Direct dosimetry using the DOSIRIS™ (IRSN, France) [3 mm dose equivalent, Hp(3)] was performed on 86 cases. Additionally, a neck personal dosemeter (glass badge) [0.07 mm dose equivalent, Hp(0.07)] was worn outside the protective apron to the left of the neck. The average doses per case of neuro-IR physicians were 0.04 mSv/case and 0.02 mSv/case, outside and inside the radiation protection glasses, respectively. The protective effect of radiation protection glasses was approximately 60%. The physician eye lens dose tended to be overestimated by the neck glass badge measurements. A correct evaluation of the lens dose [Hp(3)] using an eye dosemeter such as DOSIRIS™ is needed for neuro-IR physicians.
Gender Inequality in Product Markets: When and How Status Beliefs Transfer to Products
Authors: Tak Elise , Correll Shelley J , Soule Sarah A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper develops and evaluates a theory of status belief transfer, the process by which gender status beliefs differentially affect the evaluations of products made by men and women. We conduct three online experiments to evaluate this theory. In Study 1, we gathered 50 product categories from a large online retailer and had participants rate each product’s association with femininity and masculinity. We find evidence of the pervasiveness of gender-typing in product markets. In Studies 2 and 3, we simulate male-typed and female-typed product markets (craft beer and cupcakes, respectively). In the male-typed product market, a craft beer described as produced by a woman is evaluated more negatively than the same product described as produced by a man. Consistent with our predictions, we further find that if the beer is conferred external status via an award, the evaluation of the beer made by a woman improves by a greater magnitude than the same beer made by a man. In the female-typed product market of cupcakes, the producer’s gender does not affect ratings. Together, the two studies provide evidence of an asymmetric negative bias: products made by women are disadvantaged in male-typed markets, but products made by men are not disadvantaged in female-typed markets. These studies also provide compelling evidence of status belief transfer from producers to their products. We draw out the implications of these findings and suggest ways that gender biases in product markets can be reduced.