bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities in cerebral palsy: a patient registry study
Authors: Hollung Sandra J , Bakken Inger J , Vik Torstein , Lydersen Stian , Wiik Robert , Aaberg Kari M , Andersen Guro L 
Published: July 2019

AimTo describe the total burden of disease in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway.MethodA comprehensive set of disorder categories were extracted from the Norwegian Patient Registry using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis codes for individuals born between 1996 and 2010 who received specialist healthcare between 2008 and 2017 (0–21y). Individuals with CP were identified through a validation study in cooperation with the Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway. Risk differences (proportions of individuals recorded with each disorder) were used to compare individuals with CP with the general population without CP.ResultsThe study included 966 760 individuals. Among these, 2302 (0.24%) had CP (1330 males, 972 females). Of the individuals with CP, 95.0% were recorded with one or more comorbidity, and the risks of medical, neurological, and mental/behavioural disorders were higher compared with the risks in the general population. The most common neurological and mental/behavioural disorders were cocausal, i.e. attributed to the same injury to the developing brain that caused CP, while medical disorders were most often complications of CP or coincidentally co‐occurring with CP.InterpretationIndividuals with CP have a considerably higher burden of medical, neurological, and mental/behavioural disorders compared with the general population, including disorders that are not directly caused by, or complications to, the brain injury.What this paper adds

Nearly all individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) had one or more comorbidity.

Fifty‐two per cent had at least one comorbidity attributed to the same cause as CP, complications of CP, and coincidentally co‐occurring with CP.

Risks of medical, neurological, and mental/behavioural disorders were considerably higher than in the general population.
Losing a diagnosis of cerebral palsy: a comparison of variables at 2 and 5 years
Authors: Chen Anjellica , Dyck Holzinger Sasha , Oskoui Maryam , Shevell Michael ,   Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry
Published: July 2019

AimThis study aims to identify characteristics at 2 years of age that differ between children with confirmed cerebral palsy (CP) and a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort analysis. A CP diagnosis may be considered a ‘probable’ diagnosis at 2 years, which is often ‘confirmed’ at 4 or 5 years, particularly in the context of CP registries. A total of 1683 children with a diagnosis of CP or probable CP at 2 years of age were identified from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry, of whom 48 received a non‐CP diagnosis at 5 years (‘non‐confirmed CP’). Perinatal adversity, preterm birth status, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, presence of comorbidities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and initial CP motor type were compared between the two groups by univariate and logistic regression analyses.Resultsχ2 analysis and multivariate analysis both confirmed that children with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age were more likely to have a normal MRI (χ2 odds ratio [OR]=7.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.8–16.1; OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.4–12.5), ataxic‐hypotonic (χ2 OR=10.1, 95% CI=4.9–21.2; OR=6.1, 95% CI=2.2–16.2) or dyskinetic CP (χ2 OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2–5.9; OR=2.9, 95% CI=1.0–7.6), born at term (χ2 OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.7–8.0; OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.0–12.1), and lack perinatal adversity (χ2 OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.6–10.7; OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.0–11.7).InterpretationNormal MRI, ataxic‐hypotonic or dyskinetic CP, lack of perinatal adversity, and term birth are associated with a higher odds of non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age, thus potentially enhancing diagnostic work‐up.What this paper adds

Normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 years was associated with a non‐cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis by 5 years.

Diagnosis of ataxic‐hypotonic or dyskinetic CP motor subtype at 2 years was associated with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years.

Perinatal adversity and preterm birth were rarer with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years.
SUMOylation is required for PIPK1γ‐driven keratinocyte migration and growth
Authors: Ni Wei , Li Ying , Cai Lili , Dong Changsheng , Fang Houshun , Chen Yao , Li Hui , Yao Min , Xiao Ning 
Published: July 2019

PIPKIγ, a key member of the type I phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate kinase (PIPKI) family that regulates the spatial‐temporal generation of PIP2, has been implicated in diverse biological processes including cell survival, cell polarity, and cell migration. An essential role of PIPKIγ in tumor cells and nerve cells has been established in previous studies. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of PIPKIγ remains incompletely understood. Here, we showed that PIPKIγ can specifically associate with the SUMO‐conjugating (E2) enzyme UBC9 and can be SUMOylated both in vivo and in vitro. We further identified that Lys‐591 is the critical SUMO‐acceptor site of PIPKIγ and that SUMO conjugation at this site is required for PIPKIγ‐driven keratinocyte migration and growth. Mechanistically, SUMOylation deficiency significantly disrupts PIPKIγ‐mediated generation of intracellular PIP2, rather than the subcellular translocation and protein stability of PIPKIγ. Our findings reveal that PIPKIγ is a novel SUMOylation target and highlight the essential role of PIPKIγ SUMOylation in human keratinocyte function, providing an important orientation for in‐depth study of wound repair.
How much should portfolios shrink?
Authors: Han Chulwoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a portfolio model that penalizes the deviation from a reference portfolio. The proposed model renders a robust portfolio that performs superior under parameter uncertainty. Penalizing the deviation also improves the performance of existing shrinkage portfolio models that are suboptimal due to model parameter uncertainty. The equal‐weight portfolio turns out to be a better reference portfolio than the currently holding portfolio even in the presence of transaction costs. A data‐driven method for determining the degree of penalization is offered. Comprehensive simulation and empirical studies suggest that the proposed model significantly outperforms various existing models.
Heterogeneity in the Effect of Managerial Equity Incentives on Firm Value
Authors: Benson Bradley W. , James Hui L. , Park Jung Chul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe document significant heterogeneity in the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) equity incentives and firm value using quantile regression. We show that CEO delta is more effective in the presence of ample investment opportunities, while CEO vega is more beneficial for firms lacking investment opportunities. Further, Tobin's Q increases in CEO delta for more risk‐tolerant firms but increases in CEO vega for more risk‐averse firms. We also observe that higher monitoring intensity after the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act reduces CEO delta's role in compensation. Risk aversion alters the optimal incentive‐value relation, and the nature of this relation also depends on the level of Tobin's Q.
How ecologists define drought, and why we should do better
Authors: Slette Ingrid J. , Post Alison K. , Awad Mai , Even Trevor , Punzalan Arianna , Williams Sere , Smith Melinda D. , Knapp Alan K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrought, widely studied as an important driver of ecosystem dynamics, is predicted to increase in frequency and severity globally. To study drought, ecologists must define or at least operationalize what constitutes a drought. How this is accomplished in practice is unclear, particularly given that climatologists have long struggled to agree on definitions of drought, beyond general variants of “an abnormal deficiency of water.” We conducted a literature review of ecological drought studies (564 papers) to assess how ecologists describe and study drought. We found that ecologists characterize drought in a wide variety of ways (reduced precipitation, low soil moisture, reduced streamflow, etc.), but relatively few publications (~32%) explicitly define what are, and are not, drought conditions. More troubling, a surprising number of papers (~30%) simply equated “dry conditions” with “drought” and provided little characterization of the drought conditions studied. For a subset of these, we calculated Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values for the reported drought periods. We found that while almost 90% of the studies were conducted under conditions quantifiable as slightly to extremely drier than average, ~50% were within the range of normal climatic variability. We conclude that the current state of the ecological drought literature hinders synthesis and our ability to draw broad ecological inferences because drought is often declared but is not explicitly defined or well characterized. We suggest that future drought publications provide at least one of the following: (a) the climatic context of the drought period based on long‐term records; (b) standardized climatic index values; (c) published metrics from drought‐monitoring organizations; (d) a quantitative definition of what the authors consider to be drought conditions for their system. With more detailed and consistent quantification of drought conditions, comparisons among studies can be more rigorous, increasing our understanding of the ecological effects of drought.
Application of machine learning for diagnostic prediction of root caries
Authors: Hung Man , Voss Maren W. , Rosales Megan N. , Li Wei , Su Weicong , Xu Julie , Bounsanga Jerry , Ruiz‐Negrón Bianca , Lauren Evelyn , Licari Frank W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to utilise machine learning methods in artificial intelligence to select the most relevant variables in classifying the presence and absence of root caries and to evaluate the model performance.BackgroundDental caries is one of the most prevalent oral health problems. Artificial intelligence can be used to develop models for identification of root caries risk and to gain valuable insights, but it has not been applied in dentistry. Accurately identifying root caries may guide treatment decisions, leading to better oral health outcomes.MethodsData were obtained from the 2015‐2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were randomly divided into training and test sets. Several supervised machine learning methods were applied to construct a tool that was capable of classifying variables into the presence and absence of root caries. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve were computed.ResultsOf the machine learning algorithms developed, support vector machine demonstrated the best performance with an accuracy of 97.1%, precision of 95.1%, sensitivity of 99.6% and specificity of 94.3% for identifying root caries. The area under the curve was 0.997. Age was the feature most strongly associated with root caries.ConclusionThe machine learning algorithms developed in this study perform well and allow for clinical implementation and utilisation by dental and nondental professionals. Clinicians are encouraged to adopt the algorithms from this study for early intervention and treatment of root caries for the ageing population of the United States, and for attaining precision dental medicine.
A role for epigenetic adaption in evolution
Authors: Yahara Ichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe outcome of epigenetic responses to stress depends strictly on genetic background, suggesting that altered phenotypes, when induced, are created by a combination of induced epigenetic factors and pre‐existing allelic ones. When individuals with altered phenotypes are selected and subjected to successive breeding, alleles that potentiate epigenetic responses could accumulate in offspring populations. It is reasonable to suppose that many, if not all, of these allelic genes could also be involved in creating new phenotypes under nonstressful conditions. In this review, I discuss the possibility that the accumulation of such alleles in selected individuals with an epigenetic phenotype could give rise to individuals that exhibit the same phenotype even in the absence of stress.
Financial burden and quality of life among early‐onset colorectal cancer survivors: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Blum‐Barnett Erica , Madrid Sarah , Burnett‐Hartman Andrea , Mueller Shane R. , McMullen Carmit K. , Dwyer Andrea , Feigelson Heather S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed at ages <50 years old (early‐onset CRC) has been increasing in the United States, resulting in a growing number of early‐onset CRC survivors who may face significant financial and quality of life (QOL) challenges.ObjectiveIdentify themes from a patient advocate discussion about the impact of CRC on financial burden and QOL among early‐onset CRC survivors.MethodsWe conducted a semi‐structured, stakeholder discussion among 14 early‐onset CRC survivors and one caregiver who were members of an advocacy group. The discussion focused on the financial and overall QOL impacts of CRC. The meeting was recorded, transcribed and coded in ATLAS.ti, using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsCancer stage at diagnosis among advocates with CRC ranged from 2 to 4; about half of the attendees had no evidence of disease, and about half were undergoing treatment. Employment (career trajectory, lost wages, health insurance/benefits, performance) emerged as the dominant theme of the financial impacts discussion. Lifestyle impacts of disease and survivorship included both emotional and physical side‐effects. Diagnosis experience, missing information about CRC treatment and side‐effects, financial stress and strain on relationships were the primary themes for the overall QOL impacts.ConclusionGiven the growing incidence of CRC in those under 50, it is particularly important for providers to be aware of these patients' financial, emotional and QOL needs, and to develop care plans that specifically address these areas of concern for early‐onset CRC survivors.
Effects of aging, baseline renal function and stage of HIV infection on post‐treatment changes in renal function among HIV‐infected patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ding Y , Duan S , Ye R , Yao S , Cao D , Yang Y , Wang J , Shi Y , Zhang Y , Li P , Xu Y , Wei H , Yin C , Liu X , He N 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases clinical uncertainty about changes in renal function. Specifically, little is known regarding the interaction of the effects of aging, baseline renal impairment, and stages of HIV infection on post‐treatment changes in renal function.MethodsThis analysis included 5533 HIV‐infected patients on cART in 2004–2016. Progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as either two consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (mild renal impairment or normal renal function) or a 25% decline for baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (moderate renal impairment).ResultsDuring follow‐up (median 4.8 years), 130 (2.3%) of the patients progressed to CKD. A total of 20.1% of patients with baseline normal renal function progressed to mild renal impairment, while 74.0% of patients with baseline mild or moderate renal impairment improved to normal renal function. In multivariable analysis, a significant positive baseline‐eGFR‐by‐World Health Organization (WHO)‐stage interaction effect on progression to CKD in all patients was identified, indicating a cross‐over effect from a reduced risk to an increased risk. A significant negative baseline‐age‐by‐WHO‐stage interaction effect on progression to mild renal impairment in patients with baseline normal renal function was identified, with adjusted hazard ratios progressively lower at older ages. In addition, there were significant associations with older age, lower baseline eGFR, Dai ethnic minority, and anaemia for both outcomes, hyperglycaemia for CKD only, and higher CD4 count, tenofovir and ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir use for mild renal impairment only.ConclusionsOur data suggest a complex pattern of renal function dynamics in patients on cART, which requires precise management with systematic monitoring of the interaction of the effects of sociodemographic, nephrological and HIV‐specific clinical characteristics.
Pre‐ and post‐bone marrow harvest anaemia is associated with lower CD34+ stem cell collection, high harvest volume and female gender
Authors: Getta Bartlomiej M. , Tong Daochen , Deren Stephanie , Huang Gillian , Hogg Megan , Collins David , Bhattacharyya Abir , Panicker Shyam , Micklethwaite Kenneth , Blyth Emily , Bilmon Ian , Kwan John , Antonenas Vicki , Gottlieb David J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDonor safety is paramount when performing bone marrow stem cell harvest. The incidence of full blood count (FBC) abnormalities among donors and variables associated with anaemia after marrow harvest are not well established.AimsTo describe the frequency of FBC abnormalities prior to bone marrow stem cell harvest and to identify variables associated with post harvest anaemia.MethodsOutcomes of 80 consecutive adult marrow harvests performed at our centre were analysed retrospectively.ResultsFBC abnormalities were present in 28% of donors prior to marrow harvest with normocytic anaemia the most common abnormality in 13%. Reduced donor haemoglobin (Hb) was independently correlated with lower CD34+ cell count per kg of recipient body weight. Anaemia (Hb < 100 g/L) was seen in 20% of donors after harvest with median decrease in Hb of 19 g/L. Variables independently associated with anaemia after harvest included donor to recipient weight ratio (P = 0.011), high collection volume (P = 0.044) and female gender (P = 0.023). Total nucleated cell and CD34 concentration in the final collected product were associated with the inverse of harvested marrow volume (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPre‐harvest anaemia should be corrected where possible particularly in female donors. Marrow collection volume should be minimised to reduce post‐harvest anaemia, optimise CD34+ cell number and improve nucleated and stem cell concentrations in the harvest product.
Examining measurement invariance and differences across groups in the support needs of children with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Verdugo Miguel A. , Amor Antonio M. , Arias Víctor B. , Guillén Verónica M. , Fernández María , Arias Benito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purposes of this study were to empirically determine whether the support needs construct is generalizable across children with and without intellectual disability and to conduct cross‐group comparisons to explore how extraordinary and non‐extraordinary support needs differ in children.MethodOne thousand thirty‐six children (814 with intellectual disability 222 without intellectual disability) were assessed using the SIS‐C.ResultsThe SIS‐C achieved scalar invariance between children with and without intellectual disability. Cross‐group comparisons revealed differences in variances, in correlations between factors and significant latent mean differences for all factors.ConclusionResults show that the support needs construct is generalizable to children with and without intellectual disability and that there are no qualitative differences in how they show their support needs, so typically developing children can be used as a reference group to explore differences between extraordinary and non‐extraordinary support needs. Conceptual and practical implications are discussed, and future lines of research are provided.
The role and therapeutic potential of heat shock proteins in haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Shao Anwen , Zhou Yunxiang , Yao Yihan , Zhang Wenhua , Zhang Jianmin , Deng Yongchuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced after haemorrhagic stroke, which includes subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Most of these proteins function as neuroprotective molecules to protect cerebral neurons from haemorrhagic stroke and as markers to indicate cellular stress or damage. The most widely studied HSPs in SAH are HSP70, haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), HSP20 and HSP27. The subsequent pathophysiological changes following SAH can be divided into two stages: early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischaemia, both of which determine the outcome for patients. Because the mechanisms of HSPs in SAH are being revealed and experimental models in animals are continually maturing, new agents targeting HSPs with limited side effects have been suggested to provide therapeutic potential. For instance, some pharmaceutical agents can block neuronal apoptosis signals or dilate cerebral vessels by modulating HSPs. HO‐1 and HSP70 are also critical topics for ICH research, which can be attributed to their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. However, the process of HO‐1 metabolism can be toxic owing to iron overload and the activation of succedent pathways, for example, the Fenton reaction and oxidative damage; the overall effect of HO‐1 in SAH and ICH tends to be protective and harmful, respectively, given the different pathophysiological changes in these two types of haemorrhagic stroke. In the present study, we focus on the current understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of HSPs involved in haemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, HSPs may be potential therapeutic targets, and new agents targeting HSPs are warranted.
Kaempferol attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting activin receptor–like kinase 5
Authors: Xu Taifu , Huang Shan , Huang Qianrong , Ming Zhiyong , Wang Min , Li Rongrui , Zhao Yinnong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a common public health problem. Patients with liver fibrosis are more likely to develop cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a more serious consequence. Numerous therapeutic approaches have emerged, but the final clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory. Here, we discovered a flavonoid natural product kaempferol that could dramatically ameliorate liver fibrosis formation. Our data showed that intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol could significantly decrease the necroinflammatory scores and collagen deposition in the liver tissue. In addition, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels were significantly down‐regulated in kaempferol treatment group compared with those in the control group. Our study also demonstrated that kaempferol markedly inhibited the synthesis of collagen and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the results of Western blotting revealed that kaempferol could down‐regulate Smad2/3 phosphorylation dose‐dependently. These bioactivities of kaempferol may result from its targeted binding to the ATP‐binding pocket of activin receptor–like kinase 5 (ALK5), as suggested by the molecular docking study and LanthaScreen Eu kinase binding assay. Above all, our data indicate that kaempferol may prove to be a novel agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis or other fibroproliferative diseases.