bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAGE deficiency does not affect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in Western type diet-fed Ldlr−/− mice
Authors: Bijnen Mitchell , Beelen Nicky , Wetzels Suzan , Gaar José van de , Vroomen Maria , Wijnands Erwin , Scheijen Jean L. , van de Waarenburg Marjo P. H , Gijbels Marion J. , Cleutjens Jack P. , Biessen Erik A. L. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Wouters Kristiaan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from steatosis only to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The latter is characterized by hepatic inflammation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is poorly understood which factors contribute to the onset of hepatic inflammation characterizing the progression from steatosis to NASH. Previously, we demonstrated increased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in the livers of NASH patients. We hypothesise that AGEs play a key role in NASH development by activating their proinflammatory receptor, RAGE. RAGE-deficient mice and wildtype littermates, both on Ldlr−/− background, were fed a Western type diet (WTD) for 3 or 12 weeks. Flow cytometry, histology, gene expression and AGE measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of RAGE deficiency. RAGE-deficient mice displayed reduced weight gain and visceral fat expansion compared to control mice. No difference in adipose tissue inflammation was observed between groups. RAGE deficiency did not affect WTD-induced monocytosis, circulating lipids or hepatic steatosis. WTD-induced hepatic neutrophil and macrophage accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque development was comparable between control and RAGE-deficient mice. No difference in AGE levels was observed. RAGE does not seem to play a major role in the development of NASH or atherosclerosis in a hyperlipidemic mouse model.
Candidemia due to uncommon Candida species in children: new threat and impacts on outcomes
Authors: Tsai Ming-Horng , Hsu Jen-Fu , Yang Lan-Yan , Pan Yu-Bin , Lai Mei-Yin , Chu Shih-Ming , Huang Hsuan-Rong , Chiang Ming-Chou , Fu Ren-Huei , Lu Jang-Jih 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany uncommon Candida spp. (species other than C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei) have been shown to emerge in tertiary care facilities. We aimed to investigate these uncommon candidemia in children. Forty-six cases of candidemia caused by uncommon Candida spp. were identified during 2003–2015 from a medical center in Taiwan. The most common specie was C. guilliermondii (31.2%), followed by C. lusitaniae (18.8%) and C. metapsilosis (18.8%). These cases were analyzed and compared with 148 episodes of C. albicans candidemia. The incidence density of uncommon Candida spp. candidemia and the proportion to all candidemia episodes increased substantively during the study period. Prior exposure to azoles was uncommon in the 30 days prior to infection, but fluconazole resistant strains were significantly more common (n = 19, 41.3%). The increased incidence density of uncommon Candida spp. candidemia was associated with increasing use of antifungal agents. No differences in demographics, underlying comorbidities, risk factors, clinical features, dissemination, and 30-day mortality were found between uncommon Candida spp. and C. albicans candidemia. Patients with uncommon Candida spp. candidemia were more likely to require modifications in antifungal treatment and receive echinocandin drugs (43.5% vs 21.6%, p = 0.007). Candidemia caused by uncommon Candida spp. had poorer response to antifungal treatment, led to longer duration of candidemia (median 4.0 versus 2.5 days, p = 0.008), and had a higher treatment failure rate (56.5% vs 38.5%, p = 0.040).
Parasternal intercostal muscle ultrasound in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease correlates with spirometric severity
Authors: Wallbridge Peter , Parry Selina M. , Das Sourav , Law Candice , Hammerschlag Gary , Irving Louis , Hew Mark , Steinfort Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), loss of computed tomography (CT)-measured intercostal mass correlates with spirometric severity. Intercostal muscle ultrasound offers a repeatable and radiation-free alternative, however requires validation. We aimed to determine the reliability of parasternal intercostal muscle ultrasound, and the concurrent validity of parasternal ultrasound with clinicometric parameters. Twenty stable COPD patients underwent ultrasound measurement of thickness and echogenicity of 2nd and 3rd parasternal intercostal muscles, dominant pectoralis major and quadriceps, and diaphragm thickness; spirometry; and chest CT. Intra-rater intraclass correlation (ICC) for ultrasound intercostal thickness was 0.87–0.97 depending on site, with echogenicity ICC 0.63–0.91. Inter-rater ICC was fair to excellent. Ultrasound intercostal thickness moderately correlated with FEV1% predicted (r = 0.33) and quadriceps thickness (r = 0.31). Echogenicity correlated negatively with FEV1% predicted (r = −0.32). CT-measured lateral intercostal mass correlate negatively with parasternal ultrasound intercostal thickness. These data confirm ultrasound of parasternal intercostal musculature is reproducible. Lower intercostal muscle quantity and quality reflects greater COPD spirometric severity. This novel tool may have biomarker potential for both the systemic effects of COPD on muscle as well as local disruption of respiratory mechanics. The negative correlation between CT and ultrasound measurements may reflect complex site-dependent interactions between respiratory muscles and the chest wall.
Global-scale phylogenetic linguistic inference from lexical resources
Authors: Jäger Gerhard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutomatic phylogenetic inference plays an increasingly important role in computational historical linguistics. Most pertinent work is currently based onexpert cognate judgments. This limits the scope of this approach to a small number of well-studied language families. We used machine learning techniques to compile data suitable for phylogenetic inference from the ASJP database, a collection of almost 7,000 phonetically transcribed word lists over 40 concepts, covering two thirds of the extant world-wide linguistic diversity. First, we estimatedPointwise Mutual Informationscores between sound classes using weighted sequence alignment and general-purpose optimization. From this we computed a dissimilarity matrix over all ASJP word lists. This matrix is suitable fordistance-basedphylogenetic inference. Second, we appliedcognate clusteringto the ASJP data, using supervised training of an SVM classifier on expert cognacy judgments. Third, we defined two types of binarycharacters, based on automatically inferred cognate classes and on sound-class occurrences. Several tests are reported demonstrating the suitability of these characters forcharacter-basedphylogenetic inference.
Multiple Diels–Alder Transformations in Linear π-Conjugated Systems
Authors: Gidron Ori , Bedi Anjan 
Published: October 2018

π-Conjugated molecules are the active materials in organic electronics, yet the range of available materials is limited by the nontrivial, multistep synthetic process required to obtain long π-conjugated backbones. Here, Diels–Alder cycloaddition and its reactivity and selectivity are evaluated as a means for obtaining long, novel, π-conjugated backbones. Particular attention is paid to the Diels–Alder conjugation products of furans, such as selectively substituted arenes and, potentially, carbon nanoribbons.1	Introduction2	Aromatic Transformations by Diels–Alder Cycloaddition3	The Question of Regioselectivity4	Outlook
Sensitivity and Specificity of a Weight Distribution Platform for the Detection of Objective Lameness and Orthopaedic Disease
Authors: Canapp Sherman , Taboada Luis , Dycus David , Leasure Christopher , Clough William 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Weight distribution and off-loading at the stance are commonly used subjective assessments during the orthopaedic examination. The clinical relevance, sensitivity and specificity of limb off-loading have not yet been established. The aim of the study was to assess off-loading on a weight distribution platform (WDP) and determine the sensitivity and specificity at various cut-off points for the detection of objective lameness (OL) and orthopaedic disease (OD).
Materials and Methods The total pressure index was used to determine OL on a pressure-sensitive walkway (PSW). Normal weight distribution on both the PSW and WDP was considered 30/30/20/20. A total pressure index standard deviation of 2 was used. The sensitivity and specificity of the WDP for the identification of OL and OD was determined at cut-off points 1 to 6 below normal weight distribution values.
Results All patients in the study (n = 50) had confirmed OD. The PSW identified 36/50 (74%) patients as OL; these were deemed to be OL for sensitivity and specificity analysis of WDP data. At cut-off point 1, the WDP had the highest sensitivity for OD (84%) and OL (97%). At cut-off point 6, the WDP had the highest specificity for OD (98%) and OL (98%). The highest combination of sensitivity and specificity for both OD (1.65) and OL (1.80) was at cut-off point 2.
Discussion/Conclusion The WDP provided the highest combined sensitivity and specificity at cut-off point 2 below the normal value for the detection of both OL and OD.
Main Symptom that Led to Medical Evaluation and Diagnosis of Vestibular Schwannoma and Patient-Reported Tumor Size: Cross-sectional Study in 1,304 Patients
Authors: Peris-Celda Maria , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Tombers Nicole M. , Carlson Matthew L. , Link Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives Although vestibular schwannomas (VS) are known to cause cranial nerve deficits, cerebellar symptoms, and hydrocephalus, the role of these symptoms as the key driver of presentation from the patient's perspective has not been described. Our objective was to survey a large, retrospective VS cohort to document the patient-reported principal initial symptom, and self-reported tumor size, and to study trends in VS patient presentation.
Methods Patients diagnosed with VS at our tertiary referral center and belonging to the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) answered a questionnaire between 2015 and 2017. Demographic data, self-reported tumor size, and symptomatology were analyzed.
Results 1,304 patients completed the questionnaire. Tumors were diagnosed from 1966 to 2017 at a mean 51.8 years (range: 8–86 years); 66% were female, and 1.1% had confirmed neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Tumor size was reported using a 6-point scale: 0 to 1 cm (22.9%), 1 to 2 cm (28.7%), 2 to 3 cm (20.5%), 3 to 4 cm (10%), greater than 4 cm (7.2%), and unknown (10.6%). Hearing loss was the most common symptom that led to diagnosis (51.5%), followed by dizziness (17%), tinnitus (11.2%), and incidental diagnosis (10.2%); a fraction that has increased significantly in the last decade (p = 0.022). Larger tumors and NF2 were significantly associated with young age (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Our large-scale questionnaire-driven review of 1,304 patients confirms that VS presentations are stereotypical, with most individuals recalling hearing loss, dizziness, or tinnitus as their chief complaint. Many tumors were incidentally diagnosed; an expanding population, attributable to increased access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Large tumors were significantly more prevalent among younger patients at diagnosis, excluding NF2 patients, suggesting a more aggressive tumor biology that remains incompletely understood.
Redox-dependent niche differentiation provides evidence for multiple bacterial sources of glycerol tetraether lipids in lakes
Authors: Weber Yuki , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Zopfi Jakob , De Jonge Cindy , Gilli Adrian , Schubert Carsten J. , Lepori Fabio , Lehmann Moritz F. , Niemann Helge 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceReliable prediction of future climate conditions requires a thorough understanding of climate variability throughout Earth’s history. Microbial molecular fossils, such as bacterial membrane-spanning tetraether lipids [branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs)], have proven to be particularly useful for the assessment of past climatic conditions, because they occur ubiquitously in the environment and show compositional changes related to temperature. However, the identity and ecology of brGDGT-producing bacteria is largely unknown, and a mechanistic basis for brGDGT-based paleoclimate reconstruction is still lacking. Here, we present insights into the ecological parameters that affect brGDGT synthesis in lakes, demonstrating that eutrophic lakes with oxygen-deprived bottom waters are the preferred sites for brGDGT-based reconstructions of continental climate.
Machine learning determination of atomic dynamics at grain boundaries
Authors: Sharp Tristan A. , Thomas Spencer L. , Cubuk Ekin D. , Schoenholz Samuel S. , Srolovitz David J. , Liu Andrea J. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
A machine learning method is used to analyze the atomic structures that rearrange within the grain boundaries of polycrystals. The method readily separates the atomic structures into those that rarely rearrange and those that often rearrange. The likelihood of an atom rearranging under a thermal fluctuation is correlated with free volume and potential energy but is not entirely attributable to those quantities. A machine-learned quantity allows estimation of the energy barrier to rearrangement for particular atoms. The grain boundary atoms that rearrange most have more possible rearrangement trajectories rather than much-reduced energy barriers, as in bulk glasses. The work suggests that polycrystal plasticity can be studied in part from the local atomic structural environments without traditional classification of microstructure.
Protein shape modulates crowding effects
Authors: Guseman Alex J. , Perez Goncalves Gerardo M. , Speer Shannon L. , Young Gregory B. , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceMacromolecular crowding influences protein−protein interactions via hard-core repulsions and chemical interactions. Scaled particle theory predicts that the effect of hard-core repulsions depends on the shape of the protein complex, and simple ideas about chemical interactions predict a dominant role for the chemical qualities of the protein surface. The theory predicts that a collapsed, ellipsoidal, dimer will be stabilized by hard-core repulsions, whereas a less collapsed, side-by-side, dimer will not. We applied scaled particle theory to two dimers with nearly identical surfaces but different shapes. Our results support the predictions; crowders that interact primarily through hard-core repulsions stabilize the ellipsoidal domain-swapped dimer more than the side-by-side dimer, whereas crowders that interact via chemical interactions have the same effect on both dimers.
mTOR inhibitors lower an intrinsic barrier to virus infection mediated by IFITM3
Authors: Shi Guoli , Ozog Stosh , Torbett Bruce E. , Compton Alex A. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceGene delivery by virus-like particles holds enormous therapeutic potential to correct inherited genetic disorders and to prevent infectious disease. However, cells express antiviral factors that prevent virus infection and, consequently, limit the success of gene therapy. Here, we reveal the mechanism by which the drug rapamycin improves lentivirus-mediated gene delivery. Rapamycin treatment led to degradation of IFITM3, a broad and potent antiviral protein which inhibits virus entry into cells. IFITM3 is selectively cleared from endosomes, the sites where viral and cellular membranes fuse, and is sorted for disposal in lysosomes. While revealing an immunosuppressive function with clinical benefits, we caution that rapamycin use in humans may facilitate infection by pathogenic viruses like Influenza A virus.
Affective constructions in Tsezic languages
Authors: Comrie Bernard , Forker Diana , Khalilova Zaira 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article addresses affective (“experiencer”) constructions in the Tsezic languages (Nakh-Daghestanian), which represent the most frequent type of non-canonical subject constructions in these languages. They differ from transitive constructions in a number of ways that go far beyond case marking and affect various domains of grammar (e.g. inflectional morphology, complex clause structures, reflexive and reciprocal binding, etc.). In this paper, we explore morphological, syntactic and semantic features of Tsezic affective constructions from a typological perspective. We investigate variation, stability, and change between the constructions in the various Tsezic languages and try to give explanations for the observed patterns of variation.
Dative case and oblique subjects
Authors: Van Valin Jr. Robert D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Oblique subjects often occur in the dative case in many languages, and given that dative subjects frequently co-occur with experiential verbs, this has led to the view that dative signals ‘experiencer’, along with its ‘recipient’ meaning with verbs of giving. There are, however, many other uses of the dative which do not fall into either of these categories. This article argues that when one considers the full range of uses of the dative case across languages, it becomes clear that the dative is not associated with any particular grammatical function or with any particular meaning or thematic role. Because of the lack of any consistent grammatical function or meaning, it will be argued that dative is a default case, a kind of ‘elsewhere’ case, which is assigned when no other case rules can apply (Silverstein 1976, 1993). The appearance of a consistent semantics for some uses of the dative, e.g. marking experiencers, could be analyzed as the result of the blocking of the nominative rule to indicate deviation from the transitive prototype. An analysis of these phenomena in terms of Role and Reference Grammar is presented. Further evidence for the lack of an inherent meaning for the dative comes from alternations involving the case marking of causees in monoclausal causative constructions.
Making sense of grammatical variation in Norwegian
Authors: Sameien Marianne Brodahl , Spilling Eivor Finset , Enger Hans-Olav 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study examines two examples of grammatical variation in Norwegian inflection, strong versus weak verb conjugation and affixal versus periphrastic adjective comparison. The main claim is that the choice of variants is not as arbitrary as one may think, which rather indicates a division of labour. The strong verb inflection tends to be motivated not only by phonology, but also by semantics. The affixal and periphrastic adjective comparisons tend to be used with different sets of adjectives and for different semantic purposes. These observations support the Principle of Contrast, the idea that a difference in form normally relates to a difference in meaning.
The change of value of soaked-CBR in embankment of subgrade due to water logging and repeated vehicles load
Authors: Nurtjahjaningtyas I , Mochtar I B , Mochtar N E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The value of soaked-CBR in subgrade soil is very important in the highway pavement thickness design [1]. If the soaked-CBR value of the subgrade does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to improve the soil by blasting with a better material. This is done to prevent damage to the road. Damage to the pavement surface may also cause damage to the subgrade. Alternatively, the damage to the pavement surface begins with damage on the subgrade. If the subgrade decreases in its power - caused by repetitive vehicle loads, otherwise known as repetition vehicle load, then it can collapse the foundation layer, in which - then continues on the surface damage. Based on the phenomenon, this research is conducted to know the change of soaked-CBR value on subgrade soil due to water logging and repetition of vehicle load passing. The result shows that the soaked-CBR value will increase along with the number of vehicles passing up to 25x passings, then down to 50x passings which is the lowest value of all load variations. After 50x passings, CBR value will increase slightly up to 250x passings which then decrease until the end of the research.
New Perspectives on Emotional Processing in People with Symptomatic Huntington’s Disease: Impaired Emotion Regulation and Recognition of Emotional Body Language†
Authors: Zarotti Nicolò , Fletcher Ian , Simpson Jane 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
Emotion regulation and emotional body language (EBL) recognition represent two fundamental components of emotional processing that have recently seen a considerable surge in research interest, in part due to the role they play in optimizing mental health. This appears to be particularly true for clinical conditions that can profoundly affect emotional functioning. Among these is Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with several psychological difficulties and cognitive impairments, including well-established deficits in facial emotion recognition. However, although the theoretical case for impairments is strong, the current evidence in HD on other components such as emotion regulation and EBL recognition is sparse.

Method
In this study, it was hypothesized that emotion regulation and recognition of EBL are impaired in people with symptomatic HD, and that these impairments significantly and positively correlate with each other. A between-subjects design was adopted to compare 13 people with symptomatic HD with 12 non-affected controls matched for age and education.

Results
The results showed that emotion regulation and EBL recognition were significantly impaired in individuals with HD. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between facial and EBL recognition impairments, whereas EBL performance was negatively related to the disease stage. However, emotion regulation and recognition performances were not significantly correlated.

Conclusions
This investigation represents the first evidence of a deficit of emotion regulation and EBL recognition in individuals with HD. The clinical implications of these findings are explored, and indications for future research are proposed.