bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singapore
Authors: Tan Kevin Y. L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores South Korea’s evolving role and state practice in the realm of international law since its admission to the United Nations in 1991. It highlights Korea’s transformation from a recipient of international aid to an active contributor to global peacekeeping, development assistance, and international criminal justice. The analysis delves into key aspects of Korea’s international engagement, including its approach to territorial disputes, constitutional commitment to peace, and participation in human rights treaties. Particular attention is given to Korea’s domestic implementation of international legal obligations and its complex relationship with third-party dispute resolution, as exemplified by the Liancourt Rocks dispute with Japan. By evaluating Korea’s state practice and legal commitments, the article sheds light on its broader implications for international law and diplomacy.
Sri Lanka
Authors: Seneviratne Wasantha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article evaluates South Korea’s state practice in international law, highlighting its active engagement and compliance with global norms across various domains. Through extensive treaty participation, domestic incorporation of international norms, and active involvement in global organizations, Korea demonstrates a strong commitment to the principles of international law. Key areas explored include Korea’s contributions to maritime law, climate change commitments, human rights treaties, intellectual property protection, and diplomatic dispute resolution. Korea’s participation in regional cooperation mechanisms and international arbitration further reinforces its role as a proactive and reliable player in the international legal order, contributing to global stability and sustainable development.
Fukushima Radioactive Water Release and Its International Legal Implications
Authors: Kim Angela Semee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced its plan to discharge 1.25 million tons of treated wastewater contaminated by the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean. Since then, the dangers and illegality of this conduct have sparked an ongoing controversy among surrounding nations regarding its potential global impact beyond territorial seas. Nonetheless, the radioactive water has been released in several instances: on August 24, 2023; October 5, 2023; November 6, 2023; February 28, 2024; and April 5, 2024, respectively. The process itself is expected to take decades. Accordingly, the international legal implications cannot be ignored. This article will primarily focus on the various international legal implications of the Fukushima radioactive water release, with a particular emphasis on states’ duty to cooperate, their obligation to prevent harm to the environment, and their obligation to prevent transboundary harm. This article does not focus on whether the release of radioactive water violates international law. Instead, its primary focus is on the forward-looking aspect of the obligations that States, including Japan and the affected States, should fulfill under international law to enhance environmental protection and safeguard the well-being of their people. Cooperation with other states is a general obligation for all states, and therefore, the question arises as to how states should cooperate to protect the environment in relation to the water release. According to environmental law, states have a duty to prevent harm to the environment (the ‘no-harm rule’) by preventing, reducing, and controlling the risk of environmental harm to other states, especially neighboring ones. Moreover, states have a duty to prevent transboundary harm that arises from activities within their territory or from other places under their jurisdiction or control. The question then becomes how Japan can fulfill these duties at present, given the ongoing release of radioactive water. With the commencement of the release of radioactive water, time is of the essence to find an alternative that will prevent any additional and future harm to both the environment and the people, in accordance with international law.
Cross-Retaliation as an Essential Enforcement Mechanism for Developing Countries
Authors: Maulen Aidana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The WTO Dispute settlement understanding stipulates two measures that the complainant can utilize in cases of non-compliance by the violator after the expiration of a reasonable period of time: compensation and retaliation. However, the criticism of these measures from many scholars and WTO member countries shows the urgent need to reform the implementation and enforcement stage of the dispute settlement system. This article proposes freedom of cross-retaliation and imposition of cross-retaliation under TRIPS as an additional tool aimed at increasing the efficacy of retaliation in the WTO, particularly for developing countries. The analysis of the proposal was conducted by referencing the WTO case study in cross-retaliation, the decisions of the panel and Appellate Body in relevant WTO cases, as well as considering the proposals and viewpoints of the various scholars in relation to the specified subject.
Écritures malhabiles et ostraca à plusieurs mains d’après les ostraca littéraires de Deir el-Médina
Authors: Gasse Annie 
Published: December 2024

This article examines literary hieratic ostraca from the Theban region, dating to the New Kingdom. It explores the concept of clumsy or poor writing in ancient Egypt, identifying its meanings and possible causes. For instance, such writing may have been produced by novice scribes early in their careers, or by professionals who lacked sufficient skill. Additionally, bad writing in ancient Egypt is evident in the book Kemyt, where students practiced their handwriting.
The ostraca, written by multiple hands/scribes, provide insight into the errors made by Egyptian pupils, which were then corrected by their instructors. The study of palimpsests also presents an intriguing case. It was found that ostraca written by multiple scribes were not necessarily produced at the same time, but rather within close timeframes. Often, different handwriting appears on each side of the ostraca.
Thus, it is crucial to study lesser-known calligraphic works to gain a better understanding of scribal practices in the Theban region during the New Kingdom.
SACHA: an interactive identification key of Southern African CHArcoals for anthracological research
Authors: Puech Elysandre , Thery-Parisot Isabelle , Orange François , Garberi Pauline , Bamford Marion K. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Since the 1980s, the field of anthracology has continued to expand in Southern Africa to study the interaction between past human societies and their environments, including plant resources and forest management from prehistoric times. To answer such questions, the need for comparative wood anatomy analyses of the local taxa is of particular relevance in this rich species environment to perform rigorous taxonomic identification. This paper introduces the first computer-assisted identification tool specifically designed for the analysis of archaeological charcoals from Southern Africa. This online database, called SACHA for Southern African CHArcoals, is accessible via the following link: https://sacha.identificationkey.org/. It currently includes anatomical descriptions, as well as ecological and ethnobotanical information for 68 taxa of modern specimens collected in the Savanna Biome. An identification key is available on the Xper3 online platform, which is designed for descriptive data management and interactive identification. This article presents a survey of the existing reference collections on Southern African woods and charcoals and proposes an overview of the development of computerised tools for systematic wood descriptions and identification keys. The SACHA database can be easily updated and enriched without requiring computer science skills. Furthermore, it can serve as a training tool for beginners in wood anatomy. The database offers an online interactive key option, a fact sheet catalogue, and conventional dichotomous and tabular keys for offline or printed versions. These functions are facilitated by the various export formats that are available in the database.
How different successive elaboration methods affect Hermetia illucens meals? Macronutrients, in vitro protein digestibility, oxidative status and hygienic-sanitary quality
Authors: Varga Á.T. , Fabrikov D. , Vargas Garcı́a M.d.C. , Pérez Jiménez A. , Rufino Palomares E.E. , Trenzado C.E. , Martı́n D. , Hernández Llorente M.D. , Sánchez-Muros M.J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Insects are an emerging protein alternative in aquaculture. To obtain an easy-to-handle feed with an improved nutritional quality, longer shelf life and better hygienic-sanitary properties, the insects must go through a multi-step process including sacrifice, drying and defatting. This work aims to evaluate the effect of the interaction of different successive methods of processing of Hermetia illucens larvae proximate composition, digestibility, and microbial loading. The examined methods were slaughtering (blanching or freezing), drying (oven drying or freeze drying) and defatting (mechanical press or supercritical CO2 extraction). Our results showed that the combination of freeze-drying and mechanical press defatting resulted in the highest residual fat content (), that could negatively affect the relative protein content of the meals. Despite this, with respect to in vitro amino acid digestibility, the least favorable results were obtained from the samples dried by lyophilization and defatted by supercritical CO2 extraction (), independently of the slaughter method. Regarding the oxidative status, the slaughter by freezing conserved a higher level of antioxidant defenses versus the blanching method (), although only the freeze drying method ensured a lower level of lipid oxidation in this type of sacrificing method. The applied processes resulted in a decrease in the presence of pathogenic bacteria compared to the raw insect in all examined groups. The mesophilic aerobic microorganism content was heavily affected by the temperature applied (), while the enterobacteria were also affected by the lyophilization, in addition to temperature. Salmonella spp was eliminated from all meals, except for the combination of freezing (sacrifice), freeze drying (drying) and supercritical CO2 extraction (defatting). Sulfite-reducing clostridia were not present in any of the prepared insect meals.
Investigation of the Impact of Medication on the Mental Health of Hemophiliacs
Authors: Cheng Zhengyi , Zhang Ziyue , Zhou Li , Yuan Guojing , Zhang Mengyue , Shen Haihao , Niu Xia , Zhai Zhimin 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To examine the influence of medication, disease and social characteristics on the mental health of individuals with haemophilia.
Methods: The study utilized the Hemophilia Psychological Status and Quality of Life Survey Scale, consisting of five sections: General demographic information, disease-related data, GAD-7 Anxiety Screening Scale, PHQ-9 Depression Scale, and Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). What's more, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 linear regression to analyze the relationship between variant gene types and patients' anxiety, depression, and psychological tolerance.
Results: 171 valid responses were collected. The majority (96.5%) were male, with a median age of 29.The patients' level of psychological resilience was significantly and positively correlated with education (r = 0.173, P = 0.024), and coagulation factor usage was significantly and positively correlated with CD-RISC scores (r = 0.490, P = 0.033). Patients with target joints combined wrist and shoulder of knee had significantly higher GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scale scores (d₁= 1.61, d₂= 1.78) compared to patients with other target joints combined of knee. Target Joint type and haemorrhage had a significant effect on the GAD-7 scores (β=0.248, P=0.001). The number of target joints was significantly and positively correlated with patients' PHQ-9 scores (r=0.203, P=0.025). There was no significant difference in the use of domestic or imported recombinant factor. Blood-derived and recombinant factors did not show significant differences between the scores.Linear regression analysis of the relationship between the type of mutated gene and the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience of the patients yielded p-values greater than 0.05 and did not pass the F-test, invalidating the model.
Conclution: The level of patient education and the dose of coagulation factor medication can increase the level of psychological resilience in haemophiliacs. The use of domestic coagulation factor or not, the type of coagulation factor, and whether recombinant coagulation factor did not significantly affect the psychological resilience level of haemophiliac patients. The use of prophylactic medication can reduce anxiety and depression to a certain extent in patients over 14 years of age. The type of target joints and bleeding status affected the level of anxiety and depression.Types of mutated genes are not associated with anxiety, depression, and levels of psychological resilience.
TMPRSS6 Inhibition Rapidly Reverses Liver Iron Overload and Prevents an Increase of Splenic Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages in a Mouse Model of Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Lob Heinrich E. , Noakes Leigh Spencer , Preda Marilena , Ivanova Larisa , Crowell Beth , Economides Aris N , Hatsell Sarah J 
Published: December 2024

Beta-thalassemia is a genetic disorder arising from loss-of-function mutations in the beta-globin gene, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis, elevated red blood cell (RBC) turnover, and organ iron overload. Iron overloads contributed to liver fibrosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiac toxicities. The transmembrane serine protease 6 (TMPRSS6) negatively regulates hepcidin, the main regulator of iron homeostasis. Individuals with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene have iron-restricted/iron-deficiency anemia and show high levels of circulating hepcidin. We have shown that inhibition of TMPRSS6 using a monoclonal antibody (REGN7999) rapidly reverses liver iron loading and splenomegaly in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia (Hbbth3/+) by using non-invasive MRI. Here we found that Hbbth3/+ mice had significantly higher R2* values (WT 0.09 vs. Hbbth3/+ 0.11 ms-1) at the beginning of the study. With REGN7999 treatment, the liver iron content was significantly reduced within 31 days after the first injection. Spleen volume, which was significantly increased in Hbbth3/+ mice at the beginning of the study, was normalized 17 days after REGN7999 injection, 2 weeks before we observed changes in liver iron loading. Interestingly, we found that splenic iron concentration in Hbbth3/+ mice treated with REGN7999 remained as high as isotype injected controls. We hypothesized that the liver iron remains trapped within the macrophages in the spleen, due to high hepcidin levels and reduced ferroportin expression. We investigated, if the increased iron in these macrophages induces a pro-inflammatory polarization, which can contribute to chronic inflammation. We injected 5-7-week-old Hbbth3/+ mice with REGN7999 or isotype control and measured splenic macrophage polarization as well as serum cytokine levels after 4 weeks of treatment. Hbbth3/+ mice controls showed an increase in tissue resident macrophages (F4/80 positive), which was normalized with REGN7999 treatment. We measured the ratio of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and Arginase 1 (Arg 1) to determine if these macrophages are pro- or anti-inflammatory polarized. Hbbth3/+ mice showed an increase of the iNOS/Arg 1 ratio when compared to wild-type mice, suggesting a pro-inflammatory profile. REGN7999 treatment reduced this ratio, suggesting a reduction of pro-inflammatory macrophages. In support of this, we found a significant reduction of Granulocyte/Macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor in the serum of Hbbth3/+ mice treated with REGN7999.
Taken together, these data suggest that splenic macrophages are not more pro-inflammatory in response to TMPRSS6 inhibition, despite iron load status.
A retrospective multi-site examination of chronic kidney disease using longitudinal laboratory results and metadata to identify clinical and financial risk
Authors: Fung Mark , Haghamad Aya , Montgomery Elizabeth , Swanson Kathleen , Wilkerson Myra L. , Stathakos Kimon , VanNess Richard , Nowak Sarah A. , Wilburn Clayton , Kavus Haluk , Swid Mohammed Amer , Okoye Nkemakonam , Ziemba Yonah C. , Ramrattan Girish , Macy Jonathan , McConnell John , Lewis Mary Jane , Bailey Beth , Shotorbani Khosrow , Crawford James M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
A retrospective observational study was conducted at 3 health care organizations to identify clinical gaps in care for patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and financial opportunity from U.S. risk adjustment payment systems. Lack of evaluation for CKD in patients with diabetes was also assessed.

Methods
Outpatient longitudinal laboratory results and patient metadata available in the electronic medical record, laboratory information system, and/or laboratory billing or facility claims data for the calendar year 2021 were evaluated. Laboratory results were compared to billing data (ICD-10 codes) and risk adjustment scores including Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) to determine if laboratory-identified CKD was coded as a disease condition in the electronic medical record. Adults 18 to 75 years of age were included; inpatient laboratory results and pregnant individuals were excluded.

Results
At the 3 institutions, 12,478 of 16,063 (78%), 487 of 1511 (32%) and 19,433 of 29,277 (66%) of patients with laboratory evidence of stage 3 or 4 CKD did not have a corresponding ICD-10 or HCC code for CKD in the electronic medical record. For patients at the 3 institutions with diabetes on the basis of an HbA1c value of ≥ 6.5%, 34,384 of 58,278 (59%), 2274 of 2740 (83%) and 40,378 of 52,440 (77%) had not undergone guideline-recommended laboratory testing for CKD during the same 12 months. Using publicly available data for calendar year 2021, an estimated 3246 of 32,398 patients (9.9%) at the 3 institutions with undocumented CKD stages 3–4 would be enrolled in Medicare Advantage or Affordable Care Act Marketplace programs. The imputed lost reimbursement under risk-adjusted payment systems for under-documentation of CKD in this subset of patients was $2.85 M for the three institutions combined, representing lost opportunity for both identification and proactive clinical management of these patients, and financial recovery for the costs of providing that care.

Conclusions
Clinical laboratories can provide value beyond routine diagnostics, helping to close gaps in care for identification and management of CKD, stratifying subgroups of patients to identify risk, and capturing missed reimbursement through risk adjustment factors.
Worsening suicidal ideation and prolonged adverse event following psilocybin administration in a clinical setting: case report and thematic analysis of one participant's experience
Authors: Wahba Mourad , Hayes Caroline , Kletter Maartje , McAllister-Williams R. Hamish 
Published: December 2024

Background
Psilocybin is being investigated as a treatment for a myriad of disorders, including treatment-resistant depression. The main focus has been on positive effects, with little attention paid to negative outcomes, especially in clinical settings. Quantitative methodology limits further exploration of such events and can also miss improvements not captured on rating scales.

Aims
To highlight potential adverse events of psilocybin and underline limits of quantitative methodology, calling for process evaluations alongside clinical trials.

Case presentation
This is a case of a participant in a phase 2b clinical trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression who presented with increased suicidal ideation and a prolonged period of severely restricted eating following administration, leading to a period of destabilisation and a need for support. Despite the difficulties encountered and the participant's limited improvement on rating scales, she found the experience to have been helpful and led her to make changes to her life which she found beneficial. She described her experience in a written account to the authors.

Method
The case was summarised and the written account was thematically analysed and synthesised into a logic model.

Conclusions
Psilocybin could lead to temporary worsening of suicidal ideation and instigate prolonged adverse events that outlast its acute effects. Paradoxically, it could simultaneously lead to an improvement in functional outcomes which is not clear on depression rating scales. This calls for a qualitative exploration of serious adverse events and participant accounts to deepen our understanding of the psilocybin experience and its different outcomes.
Palestine Activism at Ghent University: Experiences from the Refaat Alareer Encampment
Authors:   Voices from the Refaat Alareer Encampment, Ghent University
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This text is part of a larger piece on student encampments for Palestine. It provides an account of several students and staff who participated in the forty-day occupation of Ghent University's Refaat Alareer building. The occupation was initiated on May 6 by Ghent Students for Palestine and End Fossil Ghent, highlighting their interconnected fights against the genocide in Gaza and climate injustice. The authors explain the formation, dynamics, and actions of this joint occupation, as well as its organizational structure, intersectional approach, and the impact it had within and beyond the university, including the cutting of all academic ties with Israeli universities. Through this text the authors aim to illuminate the power of collective action and the potential for solidarity across diverse movements to challenge and dismantle entrenched systems of injustice.