bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A primer on Bayesian distributional regression
Authors: Umlauf Nikolaus , Kneib Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Bayesian methods have become increasingly popular in the past two decades. With the constant rise of computational power, even very complex models can be estimated on virtually any modern computer. Moreover, interest has shifted from conditional mean models to probabilistic distributional models capturing location, scale, shape and other aspects of a response distribution, where covariate effects can have flexible forms, for example, linear, non-linear, spatial or random effects. This tutorial article discusses how to select models in the Bayesian distributional regression setting, how to monitor convergence of the Markov chains and how to use simulation-based inference also for quantities derived from the original model parametrization. We exemplify the workflow using daily weather data on (a) temperatures on Germany's highest mountain and (b) extreme values of precipitation for the whole of Germany.
Long-term effect of exercise training in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Follow-up of the SPORT:TAVI randomised pilot study
Authors: Pressler Axel , Förschner Leonie , Hummel Jana , Haller Bernhard , Christle Jeffrey W , Halle Martin 
Published: March 2018

Background Increased exercise capacity favourably influences clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. In our SPORT:TAVI randomised pilot trial, eight weeks of endurance and resistance training (training group, TG) shortly after transcatheter aortic valve implantation resulted in significantly improved exercise capacity, muscular strength and quality of life compared to usual care (UC). However, the long-term clinical benefits of such an intervention are unknown. Design A randomised controlled trial. Methods SPORT:TAVI participants underwent reassessment of trial endpoints 24 ± 6 months after baseline: maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and anaerobic threshold (VO2AT) were assessed with cardiopulmonary exercise testing, muscular strength with one-repetition maximum testing, quality of life with the Kansas City cardiomyopathy and medical outcomes study 12-item short-form health survey questionnaires, and prosthetic aortic valve function with echocardiography. Results Of 27 original participants (TG 13; UC 14; age 81 ± 6 years), more patients had died during follow-up in UC ( n = 5) than in TG ( n = 2; P = 0.165); three further patients (TG 1; UC 2) were unavailable for other reasons. In the remaining patients (TG 10; UC 7), a significant between-group difference in favour of TG was observed for change in VO2AT from baseline (2.7 ml/min/kg (95% confidence interval 0.8–4.6); P = 0.008), but not for change in VO2peak (2.1 ml/min/kg (–1.1–5.4); P = 0.178). Changes in muscular strength and quality of life did not differ between groups over time. Overall, prosthetic valve function remained intact in both groups. Conclusions Eight weeks of exercise training shortly after transcatheter aortic valve implantation resulted in preserved long-term improvements in VO2AT, but not VO2peak, muscular strength or quality of life compared to usual care. The findings emphasise the importance of ongoing exercise interventions following transcatheter aortic valve implantation to maintain initial improvements long term. Clinical Trial Registration (original trial): Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01935297.
Rehabilitation Outcomes for Total Knee Arthroplasties: Continuous Adductor Canal Block Versus Continuous Femoral Nerve Block
Authors: Brennan Patrick T. , Villa Jesus M. , Rossi Mark D. , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos A. , Lavernia Carlos J. 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To determine whether any strength, range of motion (ROM), or functional improvement exists in the adductor canal block (ACB) group after completion of inpatient rehabilitation and following the removal of the continuous block. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation at discharge and outpatient orthopedic clinic for follow-up. Participants: Two hundred forty-six consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs; N = 221 patients) performed by a single surgeon in a single institution between July 2013 and August 2015 for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Interventions: All TKA cases received a continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) from July 2013 to August 2014 for postoperative pain control. From August 2014 through August 2015, all TKAs received a continuous ACB. Main Outcome Measures: Manual muscle tests (MMTs; 0-5 scale) of the quadriceps and passive ROM of the knee were assessed at 3 time periods (hospital discharge [HD], 1-2 weeks, and 1 month). Patient-oriented outcomes and clinical knee scores were examined preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 and 6 months. Results: 63.6% of FNB cases had an MMT less than 3 at HD and 36.4% of FNB cases had an MMT of 3 or greater at HD. Conversely, 46% of ACB cases had an MMT less than 3 at HD and 54% had an MMT of 3 or greater at HD. There were no statistically significant differences in all postoperative variables at all tested time periods. Conclusions: This study showed no short-term postoperative advantages in the ACB group after catheter removal. The superior inpatient rehabilitation course in the continuous ACB group is likely not long enough to translate into any maintained benefit following catheter removal. Nevertheless, the trend toward greater strength in the ACB group in the immediate short term at HD warrants further investigation.
Trends in Lumbar Fusion Surgery Among Octogenarians: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Study From 2004 to 2013
Authors: Kha Stephanie T. , Ilyas Haariss , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Benzel Edward C. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Objectives: Given the aging US population and natural degenerative process of the spine, more elderly patients with lumbar spinal disease are surgical candidates. Prior studies have assessed safety and efficacy of lumbar fusion (LF) surgeries in the elderly, but none have reviewed fusion procedures from an epidemiological standpoint. Here, we report 2004-2013 national trends in demographics, discharge time, and economic impact of LF procedures for octogenarians. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2004 to 2013 for LF procedures in patients aged 80 to 89 years. Patients were grouped by fusion level, demographics, comorbidity score, insurance, and hospital characteristics. Postoperative variables include length of stay and total in-hospital charges. Data was evaluated using chi-squared tests and t tests. Results: The national sample included 17 471 LF procedures (mean age = 82.65 years). From 2004 to 2013, the annual number of LF procedures increased from 1144 to 2061 patients. Percentage of multilevel LF was relatively maintained (mean = 18%). The majority of patients were female (mean = 62%). The proportion of males increased during the study period (31.8% to 42.5%; P < .0001). The proportion of patients with a comorbidity score of 2 or 3 increased during the study period ( P < .0001). Over time, average length of stay decreased (from 6 to 4.5 days; P < .0001), and total in-hospital charges increased (from $58 471 to $111 235; P < .0001). Conclusions: These results suggest that more lumbar fusion procedures are being performed on octogenarians in recent years. While these patients are discharged from hospitals more quickly after surgery, there is also greater financial burden placed on patients, hospitals, and society.
Preoperative Nutritional Status as a Risk Factor for Major Postoperative Complications Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ukogu Chierika O. , Jacobs Samantha , Ranson Willliam A. , Somani Sulaiman , Vargas Luilly , Lee Nathan J. , Di Capua John , Kim Jun S. , Vig Khushdeep S. , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To determine rates of medical and surgical postoperative complications in adults with hypoalbuminemia undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database of patients (≥18 years old) undergoing ALIF procedures, identified by CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) code from 2011 to 2014. Poor nutritional status was defined by a preoperative serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL, and albumin levels above this were considered normal. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to assess preoperative risk factors including nutritional status as predictors of specific postoperative complications. Significance was defined as P < .05 and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). This model was used to determine the strength of nutritional status as an adjusted predictor of adverse postoperative events. Results: There were 3184 ALIF cases, including 1,275 (40%) of which had preoperative serum albumin levels. 53 (4.15%) patients were classified as having poor nutrition status. Poor preoperative nutritional status was shown to be a strong independent predictor of length of stay ≥5 days (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.43-4.59, P = .002), urinary tract infection (OR = 5.93, 95% CI 2.11-16.68, P = .001), and sepsis (OR = 5.35, 95% CI 1.13-25.42, P = .035) compared to patients with normal preoperative serum albumin levels. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that patients with poor nutritional status before ALIF are independently at risk for sepsis as well as increased length of stay and urinary tract infection.
Does the Reliability of Reporting in Injury Surveillance Studies Depend on Injury Definition?
Authors: Cross Matthew , Williams Sean , Kemp Simon P.T. , Fuller Colin , Taylor Aileen , Brooks John , Trewartha Grant , Stokes Keith 
Published: March 2018

Background: Choosing an appropriate definition for injury in injury surveillance studies is essential to ensure a balance among reporting reliability, providing an accurate representation of injury risk, and describing the nature of the clinical demand. Purpose: To provide guidance on the choice of injury definition for injury surveillance studies by comparing within- and between-team variability in injury incidence with >24-hour and >7-day time-loss injury definitions in a large multiteam injury surveillance study. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injury data were reported for 2248 professional rugby union players from 15 Premiership Rugby clubs over 12 seasons. Within-team percentage coefficient of variation and mean between-team standard deviation (expressed as a percentage coefficient of variation) in injury incidence rates (injuries per 1000 player match hours) were calculated. For both variables, a comparison was made between >24-hour and >7-day injury incidence rates in terms of the magnitude of the observed effects. Results: The overall mean incidence across the population with a >24-hour time-loss injury definition was approximately double the reported incidence with the >7-day definition. There was a 10% higher between-team variation in match injury incidence rates with the >24-hour time-loss definition versus the >7-day definition. Conclusion: There was a likely higher degree of between-team variation in match injury incidence rates with a >24-hour time-loss definition than with a >7-day definition of injury. However, in professional sports settings, it is likely that the benefits of using a more inclusive definition of injury (improved understanding of clinical demand and the appropriate and accurate reporting of injury risk) outweigh the small increase in variation in reporting consistency.
A 5-Strand Hamstring Autograft Achieves Outcomes Comparable to Those of a 4-Strand Hamstring Autograft With a Graft Diameter of 8 mm or More in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Krishna Lingaraj , Tan Xin Yang , Wong Francis Keng Lin , Toh Shi Jie 
Published: March 2018

Background: Quadrupled (4-strand) hamstring tendon autografts are commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but there is significant variability in their diameter. The 5-strand hamstring autograft has been used as a means of increasing the graft diameter in patients with undersized hamstring grafts. Purpose: To report the outcomes of primary ACL reconstruction using 5-strand hamstring autografts in patients in whom the 4-strand configuration produced a graft diameter of <8 mm and to compare these outcomes with those of ACL reconstruction using 4-strand semitendinosus-gracilis autografts with a graft diameter of ≥8 mm. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The primary study group comprised 25 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using a 5-strand hamstring autograft. The comparison group comprised 20 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using a 4-strand hamstring autograft with a graft diameter of ≥8 mm. Interference screw fixation was used at the tibial and femoral ends for both groups of patients. Subjective questionnaires, including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Lysholm score, and the Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary of the Short Form–36 (SF-36), were administered preoperatively as well as at 1- and 2-year follow-up visits. Results: There were no significant differences in the patient demographics and preoperative scores between the 2 groups. The mean graft diameter was 9.06 ± 0.60 mm in the 5-strand group and 8.13 ± 0.32 mm in the 4-strand group ( P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups on postoperative Lysholm, KOOS Pain, KOOS Symptoms, KOOS Activities of Daily Living, KOOS Sports, KOOS Quality of Life, and SF-36 Physical Component Summary scores. Conclusion: In primary ACL reconstruction, the 5-strand hamstring autograft achieves clinical outcomes that are comparable to those of the 4-strand hamstring autograft with a graft diameter of ≥8 mm. The 5-strand graft technique is therefore a useful means of increasing the graft diameter when faced with an undersized hamstring graft.
Decrease in pulmonary function and oxygenation after lung resection
Authors: Brocki Barbara Cristina , Westerdahl Elisabeth , Langer Daniel , Souza Domingos S.R. , Andreasen Jan Jesper 
Published: March 2018

Respiratory deficits are common following curative intent lung cancer surgery and may reduce the patient's ability to be physically active. We evaluated the influence of surgery on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and physical performance after lung resection.Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressure) and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were assessed pre-operatively, 2 weeks post-operatively and 6 months post-operatively in 80 patients (age 68±9 years).Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 58% of cases. Two weeks post-operatively, we found a significant decline in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity −0.6±0.6 L and forced expiratory volume in 1 s −0.43±0.4 L; both p<0.0001), 6MWT (−37.6±74.8 m; p<0.0001) and oxygenation (−2.9±4.7 units; p<0.001), while maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressure were unaffected. At 6 months post-operatively, pulmonary function and oxygenation remained significantly decreased (p<0.001), whereas 6MWT was recovered.We conclude that lung resection has a significant short- and long-term impact on pulmonary function and oxygenation, but not on respiratory muscle strength. Future research should focus on mechanisms negatively influencing post-operative pulmonary function other than impaired respiratory muscle strength.
The pronounced high expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 in human interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Bian Huan , Nie Xiaowei , Bu Xin , Tian Feng , Yao Libo , Chen Jingyu , Su Jin 
Published: March 2018

The most typical structural feature of human interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is the accumulation of vast amounts of collagens within the lung interstitium. The membrane receptors that are responsible for recognising collagens and then transducing signals into the cells include four members of the integrin family (α1β1, α2β1, α10β1 and α11β1) and two members of the discoidin domain receptor family (DDR1 and DDR2). However, it remains unknown whether these six collagen receptors similarly contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases.Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was utilised to assess the mRNA expression of the genes studied. Immunoblot experiments were performed to analyse the protein abundance and kinase activity of the gene products. The tissue location was determined by immunohistochemical staining.qPCR data showed thatDDR2mRNA displays the most dramatic difference between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and healthy groups. The outstanding increases in DDR2 proteins were also observed in some other types of ILD besides IPF. DDR2-expressing cells in ILD tissue sections were found to exhibit spindle or fibroblastic shapes.Our investigation suggests that DDR2 might represent a major cell surface protein that mediates collagen-induced cellular effects in human ILD and, hence, is suitable for their diagnosis and therapy.
THE PROBLEM OF PROMOTING FAMILY VALUES IN THE YOUTH AUDIENCE
Authors: Литвинова Наталья , Litvinova Natalya 
Published: March 2018

Currently in the youth age group is most strongly expressed deep contradictions between traditional values and modern attitudes in the system of marriage and family relations, in reproductive attitudes and behaviour, in assessing the role and value of family as a social institution and for the person and for society and for the state. The consequence of contradictions are: a preference for youth unregistered forms of marriage; the perception of the fact of divorce as a norm of public life; the increasing statistics of children born out of wedlock and teenage mothers; the increase in age of marriage; young families experience financial difficulties and the need for socio – psychological support.
Today important new methods, which are society and social institutions, seeking to ensure the homeostasis of society and personal balance. These methods include social PR designed to solve different social problems, including such important as strengthening the social institution of the family through various activities
Inpatient surgical treatment of paediatric proximal humerus fractures between 2000 and 2012
Authors: Cruz A. I. , Kleiner J. E. , Gil J. A. , Goodman A. D. , Daniels A. H. , Eberson C. P. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose To estimate the rate of surgical treatment of paediatric proximal humerus fractures over time utilizing a large, publicly available national database. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database was evaluated between the years 2000 and 2012. Proximal humerus fractures were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9 CM) diagnosis codes. ICD-9 CM procedure codes were used to identify patients who received surgical treatment. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine variables associated with greater proportions of surgical treatment. All statistical analyses were performed utilizing SAS statistical software v.9.4. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 7520 proximal humerus fracture admissions were identified; 3247 (43.2%) were treated surgically. The percentage of patients receiving surgery increased from 39.3% in 2000 to 46.4% in 2012 (p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, increased age, increased ICD-9 derived injury severity scores (ICISS) and more recent year were associated with an increased proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment (p < 0.001). Medicaid payer status (p < 0.001) and admission to a children's hospital (p = 0.045) were associated with a lower proportion of surgical treatment. Conclusion The rate of operative treatment of paediatric proximal humerus fractures increased over time between 2000 and 2012. Increased surgical rates were independently associated with older age, increased ICISS, treatment at a non-children's hospital and non-Medicaid insurance status. Further study is needed to provide evidence to support improved outcomes after operative treatment of paediatric proximal humerus fractures. Level of Evidence IV
Organizational skills development: the context of information technologies
Authors: Pereira de Moraes Carlos Alexandre , Bezerra Pimentel Leonardo , Esteves Lattanzi Iasmim 
Published: March 2018

The objective is to discuss the notions of Cyberculture in institutional teaching-learning practices articulated to other important contemporary concepts, coming from the great area of sociology, with a view to positioning the guiding questions of social engagement in teaching-learning practices. In this way, it aims to support in this approach the pertinent perspective of social engagement associated with the plurality of the different socioeconomic contexts in which formal education is carried out. In this sense, the political and economic context that constitutes the teaching practice in the undergraduate courses of the Brazilian universities and their unfolding in the teaching practices is emphasized. In this sense, the political and economic contexts that constitute the teaching practice in the undergraduate courses of the Brazilian universities and their unfolding in the teaching practices is emphasized.
Analisis Kebijakan Permukiman Liar di Sempadan Banjir Kanal Timur
Authors: Elisa Berliana Lavinia , Pujiati Amin 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan yang akan dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong masyarakat mendirikan dan menghuni permukiman liar, menganalisis solusi yang diberikan Pemerintah sebagai kebijakan penanganan permukiman liar di Sempadan Banjir Kanal Timur Kelurahan Pandean Lamper, menganalisis harapan masyarakat kepada pemerintah yang terkena dampak relokasi. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh penghuni bangunan liar yang berjumlah 643 bangunan dengan sampel 87 bangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan data primer. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif persentase dan model kebijakan publik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mendorong masyarakat mendirikan dan menghuni permukiman liar adalah kondisi ekonomi masyarakat yang lemah, aksesibilitas rumah liar yang cukup tinggi, dan kondisi sosial asal daerah masyarakat. Solusi yang diberikan pemerintah untuk menangani permukiman liar adalah melakukan relokasi masyarakat. Namun, masyarakat meminta jaminan dan kompensasi dari pemerintah sebagai bentuk ganti rugi dan kepedulian kepada masyarakat.
The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that drive residents to erect buildings and reside in illegal housing, to analyze the solutions that Government give as a policy addressing illegal housing in Sempadan’s flood canal Kelurahan Pandean Lamper, to analyze the societal expectations to the government of Semarang city as a result of land eviction. The research’s population contain 643 houses and 87 houses for sample. This research use qualitative approach with the use of primary data. Analysis tools for this research is descriptive percentage analysis and public policy model. The results of this research shows that the factors that drives residents to build houses and resides there is weak economic conditions, high illegal housing accessibility, and social condition. The solution that goverment to handling illegal housing is to do relocationg for the residents. But, the residents asked for compensation from the government as a form of social responsibility