bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults with conflicting or facilitating goals differ in adherence‐related self‐regulatory factors and exercise over time
Authors: Blouin Jocelyn E. , Gyurcsik Nancy C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost adults do not meet the public health recommendation of 150+ min each week of moderate–vigorous exercise. Exercise, which is performed during individuals' leisure time, does not typically occur in isolation as individuals often also pursue non‐exercise goals. According to social cognitive theory, concurrent pursuit of multiple goals that conflict with or facilitate one another may differentially affect the successful exercise self‐regulation, as illustrated by differences in adherence‐related self‐regulatory factors and exercise levels. To investigate this contention, the study examined whether adults (N = 191; Mage = 31.29, SD = 11.87 years), reporting conflicting or facilitating exercise and non‐exercise goals, differed in self‐regulatory factors (i.e., concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy and outcome expectations) and exercise. Participants completed online measures of self‐regulatory factors and exercise at study onset. Assessment of exercise occurred again one month later. Participants reporting conflicting (n = 100) or facilitating (n = 91) goals formed comparison groups. A between‐groups multivariate analysis of covariance, with Time 1 exercise as a covariate, was significant (p < 0.001). Post hoc univariate and descriptive discriminant analyses revealed that participants with conflicting goals reported significantly lower self‐regulatory efficacy (p < 0.001), which contributed the most to group classification, and Time 2 exercise (p = 0.01) than those with facilitating goals. Findings provide first evidence that concurrent self‐regulatory efficacy is a key differentiating factor between adults with conflicting or facilitating goals. Future research should investigate whether bolstering self‐regulatory efficacy improves exercise levels among adults with conflicting goals.
Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions
Authors: Sands Arthur F. , Sereda Sergej V. , Stelbrink Björn , Neubauer Thomas A. , Lazarev Sergei , Wilke Thomas , Albrecht Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimElevated biodiversity is the result of the cradle, museum or sink functions. The contributions of these three functions to species accumulation and their changes through time remain unknown for glacial refugia. Additionally, our understanding of the role these functions played during pre‐glacial periods is limited. We test for changes in contributions of functions through time leading to the current diversity patterns using a model refugium and taxon.LocationAnatolia, Western Palaearctic.TaxonFreshwater neritid snails (genusTheodoxus).MethodsAssessments were made to define molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) forTheodoxusand reaffirm the genus as a suitable model taxon with elevated interspecific diversity in noted glacial refugia. Thereafter, we constructed a time‐calibrated multilocus Bayesian phylogeny of mtDNAandnDNAby using both fossil data and published substitution rates. Ancestral area estimation was performed on the phylogeny to define the contribution of the functions through time.ResultsAccumulation ofTheodoxusdiversity in Anatolia over the Miocene–Pliocene transition is attributed to the museum function, but its contribution was small as only few divergence events occurred. The cradle function dominated during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, when most interspecific diversity built up and extant lineages in Anatolia were established. The sink function acted from the Middle Pleistocene to present‐day, but with only a small contribution to the total extant Anatolian interspecific diversity.Main conclusionOur results do not entirely mitigate the role glacial cycles played in species accumulation, but highlight Ice Ages may have been less effective in forcing temperate aquatic interspecific diversity into more opportune areas. The elevated diversity in refugia may rather be the result of earlier in situ diversification. Elevated interspecific diversity attributed to the legacy of glacially forced retreats may need to be re‐evaluated in cases where refugia have long and complex geological histories such as Anatolia. These results highlight the importance of considering species accumulation through a temporal perspective to adequately explain present‐day biodiversity patterns.
Outcomes of Micra leadless pacemaker implantation with uninterrupted anticoagulation
Authors: Kiani Soroosh , Black George B. , Rao Birju , Thakkar Nancy , Massad Christopher , Patel Akshar V. , Merchant Faisal M. , Hoskins Michael H. , De Lurgio David B. , Patel Anshul M. , Shah Anand D. , Leon Angel R. , Westerman Stacy B. , Lloyd Michael S. , El‐Chami Mikhael F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundImplantation of the MICRA Leadless pacemaker requires the use of a 27 French introducer, blunt delivery system and device fixation to the myocardium via nitinol tines. While prior studies have proven its safety, it is unclear whether performing this procedure with uninterrupted anticoagulation exposes patients to increased risks. We sought to investigate the feasibility and safety of continuing therapeutic anticoagulation during the periprocedural period.MethodsWe evaluated all patients undergoing MICRA placement at our institution between April 2014 and August 2018 with complete follow‐up data (n = 170). Patients were stratified into two groups: those on active anticoagulation (OAC, n = 26), defined as having an International normalized ratio >2.0 or having continued a direct oral anticoagulant, and those not anticoagulated (Off‐OAC, n = 144). We evaluated for a composite outcome of all major complications, including access site complications and pericardial effusion.ResultsOAC and Off‐OAC groups had similar mean age (74 ± 13 vs 75 ± 13 years; P = .914). The OAC group had a nonsignificantly lower prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (8% vs 17%; P = .375) and aspirin use (27% vs 47%; P = .131). Those in the OAC group were more likely to be on warfarin than those in the Off‐OAC group (81% vs 30%; P < .001). The rate of the composite endpoint was similar between the OAC and Off‐OAC groups (3.8 % vs 1.4%, respectively; P = .761). Length of stay was similar between groups (1.3 ± 2.6 vs 2.3 ± 3.4 days; P = 0.108).ConclusionContinuation of therapeutic anticoagulation during MICRA implantation appears to be feasible, safe and associated with shorter hospitalization among appropriately selected individuals.
RETRACTED: Increased Six1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and invasion by regulating MMP‐9
Authors: Zhang Yongyu , Wang Shiji , Liu Zhongmin , Yang Lewei , Liu Jian , Xiu Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncreased Six1 expression is commonly observed in a variety of cancers and is positively correlated with cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which Six1 affects the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. A series of experiments involving cell counting kit‐8, colony formation and Transwell assay was used to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion respectively. Histological examination and immunofluorescence assay were also performed. The messenger RNA and protein expression of interesting genes were determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting respectively. We found that Six1 was up‐regulated in HCC and was associated with worse histological grade and poor survival rate. Increased expression of Six1 was shown to be able to boost cell growth, invasion, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas silencing of Six1 suppressed these malignant phenotypes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that, in macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) was up‐regulated by Six1. Interestingly, Six1 expression in macrophages was also able to trigger MMP‐9 induction in HCC cells. Moreover, macrophage Six1 expression was able to induce interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) up‐regulation and increase the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in HCC cells, which accounted for the elevated levels of MMP‐9 and the higher invasive levels seen in HCC. Increased expression of Six1 in HCC aggravates the malignant behaviour of cancer cells, and we provide novel evidence that macrophage Six1 can stimulate cancer cell invasion by elevating MMP‐9 expression.
Ordoliberalism: The Next Generation. What Do Prospective Social Science Teachers in Germany Think About the Euro Crisis?
Authors: Blum Silvia , van Treeck Till 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present results from a survey of 785 prospective social science teachers who were asked about their attitudes on the euro crisis during their first year at university in Germany. The students strongly believe that the crisis is mainly due to excessive public debt and lack of competitiveness in the crisis countries but do not consider Germany's persistent trade surplus as a major problem. A regression analysis suggests that students’ views about Germany's trade surplus are unrelated to their political orientation, their general support for the European idea or their perceptions of its efficiency and fairness. The implications for European integration and citizenship education are discussed.
The Three‐spined Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758, plays a minor role as a host of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837) in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Pietrak Michael , Jensen Alexander , Barbin Zydlewski Gayle , Bricknell Ian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), is a significant parasite of farmed salmon throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Management of on‐farm louse populations can be improved by understanding the role that wild fish play in sustaining and providing refuge for the local population of sea lice. In this study, 1,064 sticklebacks were captured. Of these animals, 176 individuals were carrying a total of 238 sea lice, yielding a prevalence and intensity of 16.5% and 1.4 lice per fish, respectively. Detailed examination of the sea lice on the three‐spined sticklebacks captured in Cobscook Bay found two L. salmonis individuals using three‐spined sticklebacks as hosts. A 2012 survey of wild fish in Cobscook Bay, Maine, found multiple wild hosts for Caligus elongatus (von Nordmann 1832), including three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), but no L. salmonis were found in this earlier study.
Optimization of binding process for premade yak steaks using transglutaminase, sodium caseinate, and carrageenan
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ma Guoyuan , Chen Hao , Han Ling , Yu Qunli , Ma Junyi , Zhang Wenhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to optimize the binding process for premade yak steaks using transglutaminase (TG), sodium caseinate, and carrageenan. The optimal ratio of binders and binding conditions were determined by mixture and Box–Behnken experimental designs for premade yak steaks, respectively. Results showed that the optimal ratio of binders was as follows: TG 0.31%, sodium caseinate 0.85%, and carrageenan 0.34%. The tensile strength was 844.46 g/s. The optimal binding conditions were as follows: adhesive content of 1.4%, binding time of 10 hr, and binding temperature of 12°C. In conclusion, using minced meat to manufacture premade yak steaks improves its utilization, increases the added value of the product, and enhances the company profit.Practical applicationsThis study shows the technique of producing premade yak steaks using factory minced meat. This research also optimizes the binder ratio and binding processing parameters of premade yak steaks. From the application point of view, this work can efficiently improve the use of minced meat, provide a low‐cost and effective processing technology and expand the area of yak steak processing. Moreover, these advantages not only are beneficial for alleviating environmental pollution but also have certain economic, practical value, and broad application prospect in the market.
Beyond the Present Indicative: Lexical Futures as Indicators of Development in L2 Spanish
Authors: KANWIT MATTHEW 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates to what extent first‐language (L1) and second‐language (L2) speakers use lexical futures, whether such forms provide evidence of development, and whether these forms are constrained differently from the present indicative (PI) according to linguistic predictors. It uses a combined approach through its concept‐oriented consideration of an underreported form and analysis of the behavior of individual learners, along with applying variationist methods to determine whether independent linguistic predictors differentiate between lexical futures and a formally similar structure (i.e., the PI). The study includes 120 English‐speaking learners of Spanish from 5 course levels and 20 native speakers (NSs) of Spanish. Participants completed an oral production task, in which they responded to 8 personal prompts. Results indicate that NSs used lexical futures robustly and that part of the development associated with the acquisition of future‐time expression included increases in the overall rates of lexical future use and the inventory of lexical future periphrases. Mixed‐effects models revealed that from the earliest level lexical futures could be differentiated from the PI as predicted by independent variables, and that independent variables patterned in a more target‐like way as course level increased.
Karl Barth and the Purification of Divine Simplicity
Authors: Johnson Keith L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractJohnson investigates Karl Barth's critical appropriation of the doctrine of divine simplicity. While Barth is critical of traditional formulations of the doctrine, he understands himself to be refining the doctrine rather than rejecting it. Barth notes that Scripture attributes a diverse set of perfections to God in describing his salvific actions. These diverse perfections, however, have a fundamental unity: God does not contradict himself, but rather his perfections describe his unified, trustworthy agency. For this reason, we can know that in God's inmost being, God is not self‐contradictory but utterly unified or simple in his self‐fidelity. Johnson points out that a key element of Barth's doctrine of God is that it can never be the mere deduction of an abstract, transcendent entity; rather, it must begin with the transcendent God's relationship to creation, and therefore must begin with Jesus Christ, who reveals the true being of God. Johnson identifies three guidelines for speaking of Barth's doctrine: each one of God's perfections must be seen as perfections of his one divine being; God's one being does not exist above and behind his revealed perfections; and God's revealed perfections are essential to his divine nature. On this basis, Johnson explores what Barth has to say about the relationship between God's freedom and his self‐fidelity, including as this regards his freedom to live his one eternal life for us.
Religious Commitment in Scriptural Reasoning: A Critical Engagement with Gavin D'Costa's “Catholics Reading the Scripture of Other Religions”
Authors: Sarisky Darren 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe essay considers the objection that Scriptural Reasoning does not actually bring particular religious points of view into discussion, but rather suppresses traditions by the way it is organized. The article contends that, while Scriptural Reasoning as a whole is not entirely determined by a defining statement from any single religious tradition, any given participant can and is encouraged to bring the fullness of their commitment to discussion, and even overarching accounts of Scriptural Reasoning may well deploy the resources of a tradition. The essay closes by testing Scriptural Reasoning against criteria for being religious, concluding that it allows religious commitment to function in every respect that matters, given that it allows multiple traditions to have a say in how the practice is configured.
Transvenous extraction of very old (over 20‐year‐old) pacemaker leads using mechanical systems: Effectiveness and safety
Authors: Ząbek Andrzej , Boczar Krzysztof , Dębski Maciej , Matusik Paweł T. , Pfitzner Roman , Ulman Mateusz , Musiał Robert , Lelakowski Jacek , Małecka Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze and compare the effectiveness and safety of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) with mechanical systems of pacing leads older than 20 years (group A) versus younger leads (group B).MethodsWe performed TLE of 591 pacing leads in 377 patients. Fifty (8.5%) leads in 43 (11.4%) patients were implanted for equal to or more than 20 years. The mean dwell time of all extracted leads was 8.9 years (range, 0.1–36.0). Infection related to cardiovascular implantable electronic device was an indication for TLE in 18.3% of patients.ResultsComplete lead removal and complete procedural success rates were similar between both groups (94.7% in group A vs 97.1% in group B, P = 0.445, and 90.7% in group A vs 95.8% in group B, P = 0.329, respectively). Incomplete lead removal in group A was observed only in leads older than 20 years. Removal of leads in group A was associated with significantly longer fluoroscopy time compared with group B (4.6 vs 1.9 minutes, P < 0.001). We did not find a significant difference in major and minor complication rates between groups (2.3% in group A vs 0.9% in group B and 2.3% in group A vs 2.2% in group B, P = 0.687, respectively). There were no deaths associated with the TLE procedure within 30 days after the procedure in either group.ConclusionThis study shows that TLE of leads older than 20 years conducted at an experienced center seems to be comparably safe and effective as extraction of younger leads but requires longer fluoroscopy time.
To abandon or not to abandon: Late consequences of pacing and ICD lead abandonment
Authors: Jacheć Wojciech , Polewczyk Anna , Segreti Luca , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Kutarski Andrzej 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing number of cardiac implantable electronic device complications represents a current problem. Abandoned leads are difficult to manage, even because indications to transvenous lead extraction (TLE) cannot be generalized. The aim of the study was to assess the late consequences of previous abandoned leads.MethodsWe did a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 3,810 patients undergoing TLE in two high‐volume centers (Poland and Italy) in the years 2006–2017. In order to evaluate the effects of lead abandonment, the patients were divided into a group of 582 (15.3%) subjects with abandoned leads (AL) and a group of 3,228 (84.7%) subjects with functional leads (FL).ResultsInfective indications to TLE were predominant in the AL group (61.34% vs 43.4%; P < 0.001). AL was associated with a higher number of leads per patient, longer lead dwell times, more frequent venous occlusion, higher probability of intracardiac lead abrasion, and tricuspid regurgitation (P < 0.001 for all factors). The presence of AL was connected with more frequent technical complications of TLE (odds ratio [OR] 1.617; confidence interval [CI] 1.412–1.852; P = 0.000), lower procedural success rate (OR 0.270; CI 0.199–0.363; P = 0.000), and with higher mortality rate during 3.518 years of follow‐up [hazard ratio 1.286; 95% CI (1.062–1.558), P = 0.010].ConclusionsPresence of previously abandoned leads was associated with the risk of device infections, technical problems during subsequent lead extraction, dysfunction of tricuspid valve, and worse long‐term outcomes.
Private regulatory capture via harmonization: An analysis of global retailer regulatory intermediaries
Authors: Marques José Carlos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies using the Regulatory–Intermediary–Target (RIT) framework have examined a variety of forms of regulatory capture, including how targets capture intermediaries (T➔I) and how intermediaries capture regulators (I➔R). Little attention has been paid to why and how regulators themselves might engage in capture. Yet such a scenario is likely in transnational governance settings characterized by regulatory competition and conflict, as well as power differentials between different types of private regulators (non‐governmental organizations, multinational corporations, and business associations). This paper elucidates why and how a private regulator might capture another private regulator via a regulatory intermediary: R1➔I➔R2. Drawing on interview and archival data, I examine three industry‐driven regulatory intermediaries created to harmonize private labor codes of conduct and ethical audit processes. These are founded and governed by a small group of retail trade associations and global retailers who also fulfill the role of private regulators (R1). My analysis reveals that the creation of these intermediaries is driven by global retailers’ reliance on standardization, low transaction costs, and regulatory harmonization across all aspects of their operations. It further reveals how the harmonization platforms are designed to leverage global retailers’ market power and evolve from regulatory intermediaries into de facto regulators that supplant existing private regulators (R2), and thereby capture transnational governance of consumer product supply chains. The article concludes by discussing contributions, implications, and avenues for future research.
Experts, regulatory capture, and the “governor's dilemma”: The politics of hurricane risk science and insurance
Authors: Weinkle Jessica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing historical context and brief case studies of hurricane risk science, this article illustrates the intimate relationship between the insurance industry and scientific researchers largely assumed to be external to the industry. This paper argues that the extent to which the insurance industry directs, funds, and validates the production and use of science for estimating risk is itself a full blown political enterprise that functions to prioritize industry interests in views of hurricane risk and potentially narrow the broader discussion of disaster losses to the single solution of insurance pricing. The situation presents what has recently been termed the “governor's dilemma.” Regulators face losing control over industry's influence on understandings of society's hurricane risk; at the same time, greater control over the research effort may stymie advancement in knowledge needed for effective risk management.