bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing efficiency and safety in external beam radiotherapy using automated plan check (APC) tool and six sigma methodology
Authors: Liu Shi , Bush Karl K. , Bertini Julian , Fu Yabo , Lewis Jonathan M. , Pham Daniel J. , Yang Yong , Niedermayr Thomas R. , Skinner Lawrie , Xing Lei , Beadle Beth M. , Hsu Annie , Kovalchuk Nataliya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo develop and implement an automated plan check (APC) tool using a Six Sigma methodology with the aim of improving safety and efficiency in external beam radiotherapy.MethodsThe Six Sigma define‐measure‐analyze‐improve‐control (DMAIC) framework was used by measuring defects stemming from treatment planning that were reported to the departmental incidence learning system (ILS). The common error pathways observed in the reported data were combined with our departmental physics plan check list, and AAPM TG‐275 identified items. Prioritized by risk priority number (RPN) and severity values, the check items were added to the APC tool developed using Varian Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI). At 9 months post‐APC implementation, the tool encompassed 89 check items, and its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing RPN values and rates of reported errors. To test the efficiency gains, physics plan check time and reported error rate were prospectively compared for 20 treatment plans.ResultsThe APC tool was successfully implemented for external beam plan checking. FMEA RPN ranking re‐evaluation at 9 months post‐APC demonstrated a statistically significant average decrease in RPN values from 129.2 to 83.7 (P < .05). After the introduction of APC, the average frequency of reported treatment‐planning errors was reduced from 16.1% to 4.1%. For high‐severity errors, the reduction was 82.7% for prescription/plan mismatches and 84.4% for incorrect shift note. The process shifted from 4σ to 5σ quality for isocenter‐shift errors. The efficiency study showed a statistically significant decrease in plan check time (10.1 ± 7.3 min, P = .005) and decrease in errors propagating to physics plan check (80%).ConclusionsIncorporation of APC tool has significantly reduced the error rate. The DMAIC framework can provide an iterative and robust workflow to improve the efficiency and quality of treatment planning procedure enabling a safer radiotherapy process.
The Next Frontier in Melt Electrospinning: Taming the Jet
Authors: Robinson Thomas M. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is a specialized niche for the electrohydrodynamic jetting of melts, from biomedical products to filtration and soft matter applications. The next frontier includes optics, microfluidics, flexible electronic devices, and soft network composites in biomaterial science and soft robotics. The recent emphasis on reproducibly direct‐writing continual molten jets has enabled a spectrum of contemporary microscale 3D objects to be fabricated. One strong suit of melt processing is the capacity for the jet to solidify rapidly into a fiber, thus fixing a particular structure into position. The ability to direct‐write complex and multiscaled architectures and structures has greatly contributed to a large number of recent studies, explicitly, toward fiber–hydrogel composites and fugitive inks, and has expanded into several biomedical applications such as cartilage, skin, periosteum, and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Following the footsteps of a publication that summarized melt electrowriting literature up to 2015, the most recent literature from then until now is reviewed to provide a continuous and comprehensive timeline that demonstrates the latest advances as well as new perspectives for this emerging technology.
Defect Activity in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Motti Silvia G. , Meggiolaro Daniele , Martani Samuele , Sorrentino Roberto , Barker Alex J. , De Angelis Filippo , Petrozza Annamaria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe presence of various types of chemical interactions in metal‐halide perovskite semiconductors gives them a characteristic “soft” fluctuating structure, prone to a wide set of defects. Understanding of the nature of defects and their photochemistry is summarized, which leverages the cooperative action of density functional theory investigations and accurate experimental design. This knowledge is used to describe how defect activity determines the macroscopic properties of the material and related devices. Finally, a discussion of the open questions provides a path towards achieving an educated prediction of device operation, necessary to engineer reliable devices.
Glucose‐Responsive Insulin and Delivery Systems: Innovation and Translation
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Wang Zejun , Yu Jicheng , Kahkoska Anna R. , Buse John B. , Gu Zhen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractType 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes treatment involves daily injections or continuous infusion of exogenous insulin aimed at regulating blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic range. However, current options for insulin therapy are limited by the risk of hypoglycemia and are associated with suboptimal glycemic control outcomes. Therefore, a range of glucose‐responsive components that can undergo changes in conformation or show alterations in intermolecular binding capability in response to glucose stimulation has been studied for ultimate integration into closed‐loop insulin delivery or “smart insulin” systems. Here, an overview of the evolution and recent progress in the development of molecular approaches for glucose‐responsive insulin delivery systems, a rapidly growing subfield of precision medicine, is presented. Three central glucose‐responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase, phenylboronic acid, and glucose‐binding molecules are examined in detail. Future opportunities and challenges regarding translation are also discussed.
Epitope Imprinting Technology: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives toward Artificial Antibodies
Authors: Yang Kaiguang , Li Senwu , Liu Lukuan , Chen Yuwan , Zhou Wen , Pei Jiaqi , Liang Zhen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpitope imprinting is a promising tool to generate antibody‐like specific recognition sites. Recently, because of the ease of obtaining templates, the flexibility in selecting monomers, their resistance to harsh environments, and the high specificity toward targets, epitope‐imprinted materials have attracted much attention in various fields, such as bioanalysis, clinical therapy, and pharmacy. Here, the discussion is focused on the current representative epitope imprinting technologies, including epitope bulk imprinting and epitope surface imprinting. Moreover, the application of epitope‐imprinted materials to the recognition of peptides, proteins, and cells is reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges arising from the intrinsic properties of epitope imprinting are discussed, and future development in the field is prospected.
A Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Nanozyme‐Mediated Theranostic Nanoreactor for Imaging‐Guided Combined Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Feng , Lin Lin , Zhang Ying , Wang Yanbing , Sheng Shu , Xu Caina , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActivatable theranostic agents that can be activated by tumor microenvironment possess higher specificity and sensitivity. Here, activatable nanozyme‐mediated 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) loaded ABTS@MIL‐100/poly(vinylpyrrolidine) (AMP) nanoreactors (NRs) are developed for imaging‐guided combined tumor therapy. The as‐constructed AMP NRs can be specifically activated by the tumor microenvironment through a nanozyme‐mediated “two‐step rocket‐launching‐like” process to turn on its photoacoustic imaging signal and photothermal therapy (PTT) function. In addition, simultaneously producing hydroxyl radicals in response to the high H2O2 level of the tumor microenvironment and disrupting intracellular glutathione (GSH) endows the AMP NRs with the ability of enhanced chemodynamic therapy (ECDT), thereby leading to more efficient therapeutic outcome in combination with tumor‐triggered PTT. More importantly, the H2O2‐activated and acid‐enhanced properties enable the AMP NRs to be specific to tumors, leaving the normal tissues unharmed. These remarkable features of AMP NRs may open a new avenue to explore nanozyme‐involved nanoreactors for intelligent, accurate, and noninvasive cancer theranostics.
Trimetallic Synergy in Intermetallic PtSnBi Nanoplates Boosts Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Luo Shuiping , Chen Wen , Cheng Yu , Song Xing , Wu Qilong , Li Lanxi , Wu Xiaotong , Wu Tianhao , Li Mingrui , Yang Qi , Deng Kerong , Quan Zewei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlatinum is the most effective metal for a wide range of catalysis reactions, but it fails in the formic acid electrooxidation test and suffers from severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Developing highly active and stable catalysts that are capable of oxidizing HCOOH directly into CO2 remains challenging for commercialization of direct liquid fuel cells. A new class of PtSnBi intermetallic nanoplates is synthesized to boost formic acid oxidation, which greatly outperforms binary PtSn and PtBi intermetallic, benefiting from the synergism of chosen three metals. In particular, the best catalyst, atomically ordered Pt45Sn25Bi30 nanoplates, exhibits an ultrahigh mass activity of 4394 mA mg−1 Pt and preserves 78% of the initial activity after 4000 potential cycles, which make it a state‐of‐the‐art catalyst toward formic acid oxidation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic and geometric effects in PtSnBi intermetallic nanoplates help suppress CO* formation and optimize dehydrogenation steps.
Multifunctional Metamirrors for Broadband Focused Vector‐Beam Generation
Authors: Ding Fei , Chen Yiting , Yang Yuanqing , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReducing a set of bulk optics‐based components to a single ultrathin and compact element that enables the same complex functionality has become an emerging research area, propelling further miniaturization and integration in photonics. In this work, it is designed and experimentally demonstrated a multifunctional metamirror for focused vector‐beams generation in the near‐infrared range using gap‐surface plasmon meta‐atoms that enable efficient linear‐polarization conversion along with the complete phase control over reflected fields, reproducing thereby the combined functionalities of conventional parabolic reflectors and spatial light modulators. The proof‐of‐concept fabricated metamirror exhibits the excellent capability of radial‐ and azimuthal‐polarization conversion (≈78% and ≈75% on average) and focusing (average efficiency of ≈35% and ≈34%) within the wavelength range of 800–950 nm under x‐ and y‐excitation, respectively. It is further shown that this approach can be extended to realize multifocal metamirrors with distinctly engineered wavefronts focused at different locations in the same focal plane. The multifunctional metamirror design developed in this study opens new avenues in the advanced research and applications targeting photonics integration of diversified functionalities.
A Near‐Infrared Photoactuator Based on Shape Memory Semicrystalline Polymers toward Light‐Fueled Crane, Grasper, and Walker
Authors: Yang Qi , Peng Chuang , Ren Juntao , Zhao Wenpeng , Zheng Wenjie , Zhang Chunyu , Hu Yanming , Zhang Xuequan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLight‐driven soft actuators with adaptive shape changes, diverse geometric morphing, and reversible macroscopic movements have gained ever‐increasing interest owing to their diverse applications ranging from biomedical to aerospace devices. Herein, presented is a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐stimulated actuator based on cis‐1,4 polybutadiene‐polyethylene semicrystalline copolymer. In the system, a newly synthesized croconaine dye, 2,5‐bis[(6‐(11‐carboxyundecanoate)hexyl‐4‐carboxylate‐piperidylamino) thiophenyl]‐croconium, serves as both an NIR absorbing agent and cross‐linker. Taking advantage of easy processability, two‐way shape memory, and photothermal effects, the actuators thus‐made can undergo intriguing motions in response to NIR irradiation. As a light‐fueled crane, this material shows outstanding heavy‐lift capability; it can lift an item 11 200 times its own weight, and the lifting up/down motions are fully reversible. Besides, the photothermally induced expansion and contraction enables the actuator with reversible bending motions to serve as other remotely controlled soft robots; a light‐driven grasper that can grasp, lift up, lower down, and release an object and a walking robot that can crawl on a ratcheted substrate.
Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Addition of Methyl Ethers across Intramolecular Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds Giving 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Kusaka Satoshi , Torigoe Takeru , Suginome Michinori 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntramolecular addition of an O‐methyl C(sp3)−H bond across a carbon‐carbon double bond occurs in the iridium‐catalyzed reaction of methyl 2‐(propen‐2‐yl)phenyl ethers. The Ir/(S)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS catalyst promotes the reaction efficiently in toluene at 110–135 °C to afford 3,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. Enantioselective C(sp3)−H addition is achieved in the reaction of methyl 2‐(1‐siloxyethenyl)phenyl ethers, affording enantioenriched 3‐hydroxy‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran derivatives with up to 96% ee.magnified image
Tetranuclear Palladium Complexes of Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and their Catalytic Activities in Mizoroki‐Heck Coupling Reaction of Electron‐Rich Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Lee Jhen‐Yi , Su Yong‐Siang , Wang Yu‐Shan , Lee Hon Man 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on the ligand scaffold of an imidazolyl/benziimidazolyl moiety and a N‐CH2C(=O)NHPh substituent, two series of ligand precursors with ortho hydroxy groups incorporated on the N‐phenyl rings were prepared. The structural fine tuning of the ligand scaffold allowed the synthesis of tetranuclear palladium complexes with abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) ligands. For precursors with C2‐methyl blocking groups, pyridine‐assisted C−H bond activation led to the formation of mononuclear tridentate palladium aNHC complexes or tetranuclear complexes with tridentate CNO donors. Representative mononuclear and tetranuclearpalladium aNHC complexes were structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies, revealing very short Pd−C bond distances. The tetranuclear palladium aNHC complexes were very effective in catalyzing Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reaction, and were capable of employing a range of aryl chlorides including deactivated substrates with low palladium loading of 0.2 mol%.magnified image
The solution of continuous kinetic lumping models using the adaptive characterization method
Authors: Rocha Daniele C. , Lage Paulo L. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe continuous kinetic lumping models are traditionally solved by methods that discretize the mixture into a large number of pseudo‐components. This works proposes the usage of the adaptive characterization of continuous mixtures, grounded on the direct quadrature method of generalized moments, in the solution of kinetic lumping models, which allows a large reduction in the number of pseudo‐components. Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking problems were used to evaluate this methodology, comparing its results with analytical solutions or results from a classical numerical method. The results showed that the proposed methodology could accurately solve those continuous kinetic models using a small number of adaptive pseudo‐components, leading to a large reduction in the computational cost of simulation when compared to the classical numerical method.
Stanene: A Promising Material for New Electronic and Spintronic Applications
Authors: Lyu Ji‐Kai , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Chang‐Wen , Wang Pei‐Ji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe attractive mechanical and electronic properties of freestanding graphene has led to the exploration of two‐dimensional (2D) materials which can be integrated with contemporary electronics. As a 2D analog of graphene, stanene has become a hopeful candidate for 2D films due to its excellent quantum effects, superconductivity, and thermoelectric properties. Focusing on the promising 2D elemental material stanene, the fundamental electronic properties and experimental preparation of this material are reviewed. The prospects of utilizing the ability to manipulate the electronic properties of stanene for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications are determined.
The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Yan , Ren Bao‐Cang , Zhang Yuan‐Xia , Ai Qing , Deng Fu‐Guo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA linear optical unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell states is proposed for two‐photon systems entangled in both the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time bin. This unambiguous discrimination scheme can completely identify 16 orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states using only linear optical elements, where the function of the auxiliary entangled Bell state is replaced by time bin. Moreover, the possibility of extending this scheme for distinguishing hyperentangled Bell states in n DOFs is discussed, and it shows that hyperentangled Bell states in n () DOFs can be distinguished with k () auxiliary entangled states of additional DOFs by introducing a time delay, which decreases the auxiliary entanglement resource required for unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell state. Therefore, this scheme provides a new way for distinguishing hyperentangled states with current technology, which will extend the application of discrimination of hyperentangled states via linear optics to other quantum information protocols besides hyperdense coding schemes in the future.
Cellulosic nonwovens produced via efficient solution blowing technique
Authors: Jedvert Kerstin , Idström Alexander , Köhnke Tobias , Alkhagen Mårten 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe demand for nonwoven materials has increased during the last few years and is expected to increase further due to its use in a broad range of new application areas. Today, the majority of nonwovens are from petroleum‐based resources but there is a desideratum to develop sustainable and competitive materials from renewable feedstock. In this work, renewable nonwovens are produced by solution blowing of dissolved cellulose using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) as solvent. Properties of cellulose solutions and process parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, air pressure, and distance to collector, are evaluated in respect to spinnability and material structural properties. Nonwovens with fiber diameters mainly in the micrometer range were successfully produced and it was shown that high temperature or low flow rate resulted in thinner fibers. The produced materials were stiffer (higher effective stress and lower strain) compared to commercial polypropylene nonwoven. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48339.
Modified sepiolite/PVDF‐HFP composite film with enhanced piezoelectric and dielectric properties
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Tong Wangshu , Wang Jiang , Wang Wenjiang , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Yihe 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFlexible film with both piezoelectric and dielectric properties is considered to be a potential candidate for the energy conversion and storage devices. In this study, the Li+ and H2O modified sepiolite/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (LiSEP‐H2O/PVDF‐HFP) composite films with both good piezoelectric and dielectric properties were prepared by traditional coating process. When the H2O content was 13 wt %, the LiSEP‐H2O/PVDF‐HFP composite exhibited high d33 of 32 and dielectric constant of 48. Moreover, the effects of the Li+ and adsorbed H2O on the d33, F(β), dielectric constant, short‐circuit currents were discussed. The adsorbed H2O enhanced the β‐phase by the hydrogen bonds and Li+ improved the polarization to realize the composite film with increased piezoelectric and dielectric properties respectively. We expected the common modification to lead other clay minerals realizing the future applications in the adjustment of composites' electric properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48412.
A networked hierarchical control scheme for wide‐area systems: A power system application
Authors: Khayyer Morteza , Farsangi Malihe Maghfoori , Bijami Ehsan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new networked hierarchical predictive sliding mode controller for the design of stabilizing signals to damp low frequency oscillations observed in geographically distributed networked power systems subject to communication network constraints. Firstly, through the generic framework of networked systems, a networked model is used for a distributed networked system in which network delays and data packet loss are considered in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). Then a hierarchical predictive sliding mode controller with robust reaching law is proposed to compensate the influence of WAMS communication latency and damp the inter‐area oscillations. For this, firstly, the overall system is decomposed into small subsystems with non‐sparse matrices and lower order; then a new suitable predictive sliding mode controller is designed to provide optimal performance. Furthermore, in order to coordinate the entire system, the gradient of interaction errors is used. The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is illustrated through numerical simulations on a 5‐area, 16‐machine power system with several interconnected areas. Simulation results show the capability of the proposed approach to enhance the networked power systems' damping in comparison with a conventional networked control method.
Extrusion faserverstärkter Textilbetone
Authors: Janissen Lisa , Raupach Michael , Hartung‐Mott Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDurch den hohen Schalungs‐ und Herstellungsaufwand konventioneller Herstellverfahren für Textilbetonbauteile, wie bspw. Gießen, Laminieren, Spritzen oder Schleudern, eignen sich diese Verfahren vorzugsweise für eine serielle Stückfertigung oder für Einzelanwendungen. Das Extrudieren hingegen weist das wirtschaftliche sowie technologische Potenzial auf, ohne zeit‐ und kostenintensive Schalungs‐ und Bewehrungsprozesse kontinuierlich komplexe und filigrane Bauelemente herzustellen. Derzeit wird das Extrusionsverfahren bereits erfolgreich in unterschiedlichen Branchen mit verschiedenen Materialien eingesetzt, um Produkte in verschiedensten Geometrien in hoher Stückzahl und Qualität zu fertigen. Auch in der Baubranche gewinnt das Extrusionsverfahren durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung der Fertigungsverfahren, wie z. B. der 3‐D‐Betondruck, immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch den Einsatz von technischen Textilen können die Bauteile aus dem neuen Verbundwerkstoff dünnwandiger gestaltet und die Zugfestigkeit signifikant erhöht werden. Weiterhin können durch die Zugabe von Kurzfasern sowohl die Mikrorissbildung als auch die Festigkeitseigenschaften sowie die Duktilität aufgrund einer optimalen Ausrichtung der Fasern in Extrusionsrichtung gezielt positiv beeinflusst werden. Im folgenden Aufsatz werden die Anforderungen an eine extrudierbare Feinbetonmischung mit Kurzfasern näher erläutert und der Entwicklungsprozess einer geeigneten Textilzuführung in den Extrusionsprozess beschrieben.