bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Wave Age-Based Sea and Swell Separation for Offshore Industry Applications
Authors: Kistner S , Caichac D , Cariou R , Jensen P M , Sanchez R B , Grode P D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For offshore wind turbines, an accurate description of the wave conditions is crucial for their design, construction, installation, maintenance, and operation. Typical sea states in the open ocean are often a combination of wind-sea and swell systems which cannot be fully described by a single set of parameters. In such cases the wave conditions are better defined by separating and quantifying the individual wave systems. In this paper, the wave age method has been revisited, and a modification has been proposed to add more functionality to better describe the wind/wave alignment of the wind-sea. A qualitative analysis was performed using offshore spectral energy data from a global wave model. The analysis was carried out for four different geographical locations: the Philippine Sea, the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. The analysis compares the wind-sea and swell partitions separated by the standard and modified wave age methods. It shows an improved description of the wind-sea compared to the standard equation, especially in the case of high wind speed events and where the wind-sea partition is expected to dominate most of the spectral energy.
Collocating wind data: A case study on the verification of the CERRA dataset
Authors: Rouholahnejad F , Meyer P J , Gottschall J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Wind resource assessment often relies on reanalysis data or meso-scale models due to the challenges and costs associated with on-site measurement campaigns, especially in offshore locations. While these datasets offer extensive spatial coverage, they often provide the desired parameters on a coarse grid only. The spatial averaging over the grid and the low frequency of the outputs hinders the model’s ability to capture the short-term wind speed variability and events with a time scale of a few minutes to a few dozen of minutes. In this paper we investigate the temporal scales of the wind events resolved by the Copernicus European Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA) dataset, ERA5, and an in-house regional down-scaling of ERA5 using the WRF model by comparing them against measurements. We propose a method to collocate the two sources of wind data (measured and modeled), focusing on the verification of CERRA with respect to first and second-order statistics in the North Sea. The results highlight the superiority of CERRA compared to ERA5 in estimating the wind speed distribution, improving the 95th percentile error from -0.85 to -0.19 ms−1 and the average bias from -0.286 to -0.004 m s−1 across all locations. The wind speed change over one hour is underestimated by both CERRA and ERA5 when collocated with 10-minute measurements at the full hour. However, hourly averaged measurements align well with CERRA’s wind speed variation predictions, while an averaging window of 3.5 hours is needed to align with ERA5’s hourly wind speed changes. The results showed that the synthetic wind speeds exhibit optimal correlation with the measurements when the measurements are averaged over 4.5 to 7 hours, depending on the modeled dataset. This time scale corresponds to a length scale of 160-250 km, assuming a mean wind speed of 10 m s−1, which falls within the meso-scale range. The study contributes to the understanding of model validation in offshore wind energy studies, with the potential to enhance wind resource assessment calculations and improve the results of long-term extrapolations.
Application of systems safety principles for O&M of floating offshore wind
Authors: Rowell D , McMillan D , Carroll J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The offshore wind industry is growing rapidly and is also a high risk industry with unique safety challenges. As the industry grows, more research is needed to make sure it operates safely and provides a workplace in which all involved can go home free of injury. The adoption of floating wind turbines brings new hazards and increased complexity to offshore wind operations and maintenance. Floating wind operations will involve the development of new deepwater sites and require the adoption of new strategies such as floating to floating transfers and towing operations. As the complexity of offshore operations increases it is important that the understanding of the hazards involved are developed. Floating wind is a new branch of the offshore wind industry and as technologies and systems have yet to become established there is the opportunity to do things differently and embed safety improvements in the industry from the outset.
This study has looked at the potential application of systems safety theories to floating wind operations and maintenance. The application of systems engineering to improve safety performance has been growing across many industries in recent years. Systems safety considers that safety is an emergent property of a complex system that is a result of many interacting factors. This study looks at how systems safety could be applied to the emerging floating wind industry to build safety into the industry at the earliest stages.
This study reviewed the applications of systems safety across similar industries and the offshore wind industry. It then looks at existing hazards of floating wind that have already been identified in the literature and completed a systems theory hazard analysis of floating wind O&M activities. This involved the mapping of the safety control structure for floating wind operations and the identification of potential gaps between the safety controls and safety requirements. It then explores how systems safety processes could be applied to floating wind and makes recommendations for how these could be implemented to the emergent industry.
The study found existing research of systems safety applied to the offshore wind industry is currently very limited. Its application has been successful in similar industries and there is potential for a systems safety approach to be used in the development of floating wind operations and maintenance. The systems theory hazard analysis can help identify potential systemic risks arising as a result of the interaction of multiple systems. It can be used to develop appropriate control structures to manage safety and could also be used for the identification of leading indicators to manage safety performance.
Predictive Modeling of Semi-Submersible Floater Motion Using Bi-LSTM Model
Authors: Mian H H , Siddiqui M S , Keprate A , Mathew S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are emerging as a promising renewable energy solution, tapping into the vast wind resources in deep-sea locations. Accurate predictions of heave, pitch, sway, roll, yaw, and surge are essential to ensuring the structural integrity and power generation efficiency of FOWTs. Traditional methods relying on potential flow theory to predict FOWTs’ hydrodynamic responses involve simplifications that may not capture real-world complexities. Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations offer accuracy, they are computationally expensive. This study explores the use of Bi-directional long-short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural networks as an alternative to address computational challenges in predicting FOWTs’ hydrodynamic responses. These networks excel at handling time series data, capturing temporal correlations crucial for understanding FOWT floater motion dynamics. They also effectively capture bidirectional dependencies, enhancing their suitability for this application. The model considers various input parameters, including wave amplitudes, periods, steepness, directions, and floater design characteristics such as stifness, pre-tension, and the free length of mooring lines. The Bi-LSTM model is trained using a subset of the CFD dataset generated for the scaled OC5 semi-submersible platform with mooring, reserving the remainder for validation and testing. The comparison between simulated and predicted motion demonstrated a strong correlation in surge but noticeable discrepancies in heave and pitch. FFT analysis highlighted consistent frequency components but variations in magnitude, suggesting areas for model sensitivity improvement and further investigation into wave interaction dynamics. The correlation coefficients revealed a strong positive correlation for the surge motion, while the heave and pitch motions showed slightly lower correlation coefficients, suggesting better performance in predicting the surge.
Static analysis and non-probabilistic reliability evaluation of supporting structure of insulation platform
Authors: Feng Yu , Wu Shaolei , Wang Zhijian , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The insulation platform is a kind of high-altitude live working equipment commonly used in complex terrain environments. Due to the harsh working conditions, the safety of the insulation platform is highly required. The supporting structure of the insulation platform is responsible for carrying the operators, which determines the safety performance of the insulation platform. In this paper, static analysis is conducted on the supporting structures of the rotary insulation platform and rotary lifting insulation platform to study their strength and stiffness properties. Then the reliability of supporting structures is analyzed based on the interval non-probabilistic reliability theory and the reliability of structures is evaluated under different size conditions.
Cu@Cu31S16 cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Liu Wan-Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among various battery systems, aqueous zinc-ion batteries demonstrate significant potential for large-scale energy storage applications. However, the relatively large radius of zinc ions makes it challenging for them to intercalate into cathode materials, resulting in a limited variety of host materials suitable for Zn2+ storage. Therefore, researching appropriate cathode materials is a crucial component of the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. In this study, we prepare two binderless, conductor-less, current collector materials Cu@Cu31S16 cathodes, by in-situ etching of copper foil with a polysulfide precursor solution. The results indicate that Cu31S16 not only exhibits excellent stability and conductivity but also features rapid ion migration kinetics and low Zn2+ diffusion barriers.
Automatic control algorithm for V2G frequency response mode of electric vehicle charging station
Authors: Zhang Yusen , Qi Tianxing , Zhang Chao , Guo Tianhong , Wu Jiangong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of excessive fluctuation of the V2G load of the electric vehicle charging pile, this paper proposes an automatic control algorithm for the V2G frequency response mode of the electric vehicle charging pile. The FPGA is used as the core processing unit to collect and process the V2G frequency data of the charging pile; the multiple linear regression model is used to predict the charging and discharging loads, and the automated two-layer control model is established; the sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the weights and thresholds of the BP neural network to realize the control of the V2G frequency response mode. The experimental results show that the load prediction error of this method is small. After the automatic control, the load fluctuation of the charging pile is small, and the electric vehicle charging pile’s V2G frequency response control effect is better.
Optimal scheduling of distributed generation in smart microgrids: A comprehensive model and efficient algorithm
Authors: Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study proposes an optimal scheduling model for distributed generation (DG) within smart microgrids, incorporating various distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, biomass generators, and energy storage systems. To address the complexities of the scheduling problem, we design a hybrid optimization algorithm combining Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This hybrid algorithm leverages the global search capabilities of GA and the local search efficiency of PSO to achieve robust and efficient convergence to near-optimal solutions. A comprehensive case study based on a real-world smart microgrid system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. The results indicate significant reductions in total operational costs, enhanced renewable energy utilization, reduced grid dependency, and improved system reliability. This research highlights the potential for broader implementation of the model, contributing to the advancement of smart grid technologies and the transition towards sustainable energy systems.
Power grid accident warning based on real-time analysis of hazard sources and weights
Authors: Nan Dongliang , Feng Xiaoping , Li Bin , Zhang Lu , Gao Xing , Liu Huanqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The power grid system has diverse structures consisting of multiple subnets, equipment, and components that are interrelated and mutually influential. At the same time, there are various types of power grid accidents, including short circuits, open circuits, overloads, grounding faults, etc. Each type of fault may have its specific cause and manifestation. This complexity and diversity make establishing a comprehensive and accurate early warning model difficult. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptive warning method based on hazard sources and weighted coefficients for power grid accidents. To transform raw data containing a large amount of redundant information and noise into data with targeted features for representation, power grid accident information feature labels are generated based on weighted coefficients. Based on this, based on the improved YOLOv3, potential risks in the power grid are identified and assessed. Identification based on implementing risk prevention and control measures defines multiple warning levels to achieve adaptive warning of power grid accidents. Test data validation shows that the proposed solution has an accuracy up to 97.85%. There is also a significant improvement in other indicators, all of which remain above 98%. Indicator validation shows that the research method meets the actual process standards. For the entire day period, the precision and recall of the research method remained stable at over 90%.
Zero-carbon-oriented optimal power scheduling of electric vehicles considering V2G response
Authors: Sun Zhoufeng , Chen Hao , Lin Yi , Guo Chuangxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an electric vehicle (EV) optimization scheduling method that incorporates vehicle-to-grid (V2G) responses within the framework of a carbon market. Initially, the method characterizes the grid-connected and off-grid operational states of EVs. These states are represented by three types of probability density functions derived from historical data. Subsequently, a V2G response model is formulated based on consumer psychology theory. The approach then integrates the impact of carbon trading on the charging and discharging schedules of EVs, aiming to minimize carbon trading costs. The resulting optimization scheduling model is solved using the CPLEX solver.
Detecting quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field
Authors: Malcolm Aaron R , Sharmila B , Wang Zhi-Wei , Datta Animesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field result in two signatures on a harmonically trapped charged particle: a shift from the natural trap frequency and generation of quantum coherences. We assess the role of the long-wavelength and rotating-wave approximations (RWAs) in estimating this frequency shift. We estimate the magnitude of the frequency shift using parameters from a single-electron cyclotron experiment and also demonstrate how the dependence of the frequency shift on the magnetic field of the cyclotron is tied to the RWA. We expect the frequency shift to be observable in future experiments. We also suggest a possible route to detecting vacuum-generated quantum coherences. These experiments should settle the debate on the choice of approximations and gauge in capturing the effect of the quantum vacuum fluctuations.
A many-body quantum model is proposed as the mechanism responsible for accelerating rates of heat uptake by oceans as anthropogenic heat inputs rise
Authors: Smith G B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A recent many-body quantum approach to thermal radiation (Smith GB, et al 2022 J. Phys. Commun.
6, 065004) reveals that the energy capacitance of heated water is about twice its heat capacitance, due to energy stored as local hybrid pairs of photons coupled resonantly to local matter excitations, with pair density weighted by mass density. Energy exchange between photons and localised dipole excitations inside water at steady temperature T, occurs at sites where a hybridisation potential within the Hamiltonian couples local oscillation modes to ‘free’ photon modes. Photon modes in both directions are phase retarded at exit sides of a hybrid site. Optically sharp variations with frequency in the index of refraction n(f) and photon density of states follow. Exit spectral intensities at equilibrium temperature T carry quantum information on the energy density of matter excitations coupled to photons, while occupied hybrid sites are the source of all ‘free’ photons and internal spectral intensities. The matter excitations coupled locally to photons are distinct from those that define specific heat, but in water both arise from molecular oscillations. The energy capacitance CEX(T) of hybrid pairs depends on mass density and is independent of the heat capacitance CHT(T), which sets temperature T. CEX(T) is sensitive to T and doubles as a capacitance of energy and of ‘quantum information’. Expressions for CEX(T) are derived from first principles and applied to water. The density of occupied hybrids is amplified near surfaces by photons reflected off the surface, which create new hybrid pairs, but not extra heat. Energy capacitance CEX(T)+CHT(T) sets dT(t)/dt prior to a new equilibrium state emerging, after input heating rate dQ/dt is switched. Rising atmospheric intensities then raise T, dQ/dt, CEX(T) and CHT(T). The times available to cool overnight are fixed, so that a rising capacitance, adds to energy stored at an accelerating rate.
Effects of nutrient omission on grain and biomass yield of irrigated wheat (triticum aestivum) in Sekota district, Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebnie Workat , Melak Ewunetie , Lamesgn Haymanot 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Ethiopian government has recently imported and distributed multi-nutrient fertilizers for farmers’ use without sufficient research findings. Hence, selecting the appropriate fertilizers based on the actual limiting plant nutrients is crucial for providing timely policy direction to import only fertilizers that could limit crop yield. A field study was carried out to identify the yield-limiting plant nutrients for wheat under irrigation at two farmer’s fields in the Woleh irrigation scheme of the Amhara region of Ethiopia in the 2022 irrigation season. A total of nine treatments, including control, NPSKZnB (all), NPSKZn (all-B), NPSKB (all-Zn), NPKZnB (all-S), NPSZnB (all-K), NKSZnB (all-P), PKSZnB (all-N), and RNP (all-KSZnB), were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCRD) with three replications. The Kekeba wheat variety was used as a test crop. The collected grain and biomass yield data were analyzed using R software, following the procedure. The results showed that fertilizer application significantly affected wheat grain yield. The highest grain yield (4443.5 kg ha−1) was obtained from NPKZnB (All-S) treatment, though this was not statistically different from the yield achieved with the recommended NP treatment. While the lowest grain yield was obtained from the control and nitrogen omitted treatment. There was no significant difference between and among the treatments except control, all-N, and all-P. The grain yield was reduced by 3181.6 kg ha−1 when N was omitted and 1817.8 kg ha−1 when P was omitted over all-S (NPKZnB). This showed that nitrogen and phosphorous are yield-limiting plant nutrients for wheat under irrigation in the study area. Therefore, the government should give emphasis to nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing fertilizers to increase wheat yield.
Cepstrum-driven modulated empirical wavelet transform and its application in bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Zhenming , Lu Shaohua , Dai Bing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Empirical wavelet transform (EWT) has a complete theoretical support and can adaptively separate modes with different characteristics from the frequency domain. Signal decomposition and mode extraction based on the empirical wavelet transform can obtain more accurate components. This paper proposes a modulated empirical wavelet transform driven by cepstrum under the basic framework of traditional EWT method. The most innovative point of this paper is to use the characteristics of cepstrum to update the waveform of trend spectrum and realize the function of separating different modes. The filtering process constructs filter banks covering the entire frequency band based on scaling functions and empirical wavelets. In order to enhance the fault characteristics from the filtering components, the amplitude of its spectrum was modulated based on the Fourier transform characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by using simulation signals and experimental signals provided by Case Western Reserve University.
Diffusion
Authors: Ballesteros Bernardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter concludes the first part of the book by asking what the historical relation is between Babylonian and Greek divine assemblies. It discusses potential receptions of Near Eastern divine assemblies in Greek epic, arguing that the indigenous context is sufficient to account for parallels in poetic technique (§1). To strengthen the possibility of polygenesis, the chapter turns to divine assemblies in distant traditions (§2), within both Indo-European (Old Norse, Sanskrit) and unrelated areas (Polynesian, Aztec). By returning to the Near East, and specifically to Anatolia and the Levant, including Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible (§3), the chapter aims at a synthesis between polygenesis and diffusion informed by a large-scale consideration of mythographic and historico-literary evidence. Greek speakers are unlikely to have inherited the divine assembly from the Near East, but one can posit a long-term process of oral contact and communication fostered by common poetic structures and religious affinities.
Cosmic Order
Authors: Ballesteros Bernardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter studies the power of Zeus in the divine assemblies of the Iliad (§1) and the Odyssey (§2), and offers a comparative synthesis between early Greek and Sumero-Akkadian concepts of divine rule, reciprocity and fixed destiny (§3). Homer’s divine assemblies offer a coherent and sometimes underappreciated picture of Zeus’ rule. Through cunning and force, Zeus is ultimately successful in governing a complex system of prerogatives and honours, both in the turbulent Iliadic context, and in the relatively tranquil divine universe of the Odyssey. The picture confirms the essentially relational (as opposed to metaphysical) nature of divine power emerging from Greek epos, which comparison with the Mesopotamian corpus started to throw into relief in previous chapters. The higher degree of institutionalization of the Babylonian divine assembly, whose ruler is comparatively weak, contrasts with the more fluid divine politics of Greek epos, which Zeus alone can stabilize.