bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress, Resilience, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Black Women
Authors: Felix Ashley S. , Lehman Amy , Nolan Timiya S. , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Breathett Khadijah , Hood Darryl B. , Addison Daniel , Anderson Cindy M. , Cené Crystal W. , Warren Barbara J. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Williams Karen Patricia 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Empirical data on the link between stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among black women is limited. We examined associations of stressful life events and social strain with incident CVD among black women and tested for effect modification by resilience.

Methods and Results:
Our analysis included 10 785 black women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials cohort. Participants were followed for CVD for up to 23 years (mean, 12.5). Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for associations between stress-related exposures and incident CVD. We included interactions between follow-up time (age) and stressful life events because of evidence of nonproportional hazards. Effect modification by resilience was examined in the sub-cohort of 2765 women with resilience and stressful life events measures. Higher stressful life events were associated with incident CVD at ages 55 (hazard ratio for highest versus lowest quartile=1.80; 95% CI, 1.27–2.54) and 65 (hazard ratio for highest versus lowest quartile=1.40; 95% CI, 1.16–1.68), but not at older ages. Adjustment for CVD risk factors attenuated these associations. Similar associations were observed for social strain. In the sub-cohort of women with updated stressful life events and resilience measures, higher stressful life events were associated with incident CVD in multivariable-adjusted models (hazard ratio=1.61; 95% CI, 1.04–2.51). Resilience did not modify this association nor was resilience independently associated with incident CVD.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of older black women, recent reports of stressful life events were related to incident CVD. Resilience was unrelated to incident CVD.

Clinical Trials Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Fn-EDA (Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A) in the Plasma, but Not Endothelial Cells, Exacerbates Stroke Outcome by Promoting Thrombo-Inflammation
Authors: Dhanesha Nirav , Chorawala Mehul R. , Jain Manish , Bhalla Abhinav , Thedens Daniel , Nayak Manasa , Doddapattar Prakash , Chauhan Anil K. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Cellular Fn-EDA (fibronectin containing extra domain A) is expressed in activated endothelial cells and elevated in circulation in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Although global deficiency of Fn-EDA in mice improves stroke outcome, the specific contribution of plasma versus endothelium Fn-EDA in stroke outcome is currently unknown. We investigated the role of plasma versus endothelial Fn-EDA in stroke exacerbation in the comorbid condition of hyperlipidemia.

Methods—

We generated novel plasma
Fn-EDA
−/−
(
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

Alb

Cre

) and endothelial
Fn-EDA
−/−
(
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

Tie2

Cre

) strains on hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (
ApoE
−/−
) background. By following the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable guidelines, we evaluated stroke outcome in male and female mice. Susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated in 2 different models of stroke: intraluminal monofilament and embolic model on days 1, 3, and 7. Quantitative assessment of stroke outcome was evaluated by measuring infarct volume (by magnetic resonance imaging), cerebral blood flow (by laser speckle imaging), neurological and sensory-motor outcome, and postischemic thrombo-inflammation (platelet thrombi, fibrin, neutrophil, phospho-NFκB [nuclear factor κB], TNFα [tumor necrosis factor α], and IL1β [interleukin 1β]).

Results—

Stroke outcome was comparable in
ApoE
−/−
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

Tie2

Cre

and control
ApoE
−/−
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

mice suggesting endothelial Fn-EDA does not contribute to stroke.
ApoE
−/−
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

Alb

Cre

mice exhibited significantly smaller infarcts and improved neurological and sensory-motor outcome at days 1, 3, and 7 in monofilament and embolic models of stroke. Improved stroke outcome was concomitant with enhanced survival, and decreased postischemic thrombo-inflammatory response (
P
<0.05 versus
ApoE
−/−
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

). No sex-based differences were observed. Laser speckle imaging revealed significantly improved regional cerebral blood flow at 1 hour in
ApoE
−/−
Fn-EDA

fl/fl

Alb

Cre

mice suggesting plasma Fn-EDA promotes postischemic secondary thrombosis. Coinfusion of anti–Fn-EDA antibody with r-tPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) in
ApoE
−/−
mice, 1 hour after embolization, improved stroke outcome with enhanced survival, and improved neurological outcome (
P
<0.05 versus r-tPA).

Conclusions—
Genetic evidence suggests that plasma Fn-EDA exacerbates stroke outcome by promoting postischemic thrombo-inflammation. Interventions targeting plasma Fn-EDA may reduce brain damage after reperfusion.
Does Closing the Eyes Enhance Auditory Attention? Eye Closure Increases Attentional Alpha-Power Modulation but Not Listening Performance
Authors: Wöstmann Malte , Schmitt Lea-Maria , Obleser Jonas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In challenging listening conditions, closing the eyes is a strategy with intuitive appeal to improve auditory attention and perception. On the neural level, closing the eyes increases the power of alpha oscillations (∼10 Hz), which are a prime signature of auditory attention. Here, we test whether eye closure benefits neural and behavioral signatures of auditory attention and perception. Participants (n = 22) attended to one of two alternating streams of spoken numbers with open or closed eyes in a darkened chamber. After each trial, participants indicated whether probes had been among the to-be-attended or to-be-ignored numbers. In the EEG, states of relative high versus low alpha power accompanied the presentation of attended versus ignored numbers. Importantly, eye closure did not only increase the overall level of absolute alpha power but also the attentional modulation thereof. Behaviorally, however, neither perceptual sensitivity nor response criterion was affected by eye closure. To further examine whether this behavioral null result would conceptually replicate in a simple auditory detection task, a follow-up experiment was conducted that required participants (n = 19) to detect a near-threshold target tone in noise. As in the main experiment, our results provide evidence for the absence of any difference in perceptual sensitivity and criterion for open versus closed eyes. In summary, we demonstrate here that the modulation of the human alpha rhythm by auditory attention is increased when participants close their eyes. However, our results speak against the widely held belief that eye closure per se improves listening behavior.
Bodily and Therapeutic Movement
Authors: Langager Anna Louise , Roald Tone 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article we present a phenomenological single-case study of a client’s experience of her therapist’s bodily movement in the context of narrative therapy. A client was interviewed regarding her experience of selected bodily movements of the therapist based on a video recording of one of her therapeutic sessions. The movements were analyzed through Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s cardinal structures of movement while the interview was analyzed through a modification of Giorgi’s method for phenomenological psychology. We focused on the relationship between the therapist’s bodily movement and therapeutic movement in the client and arrived at general structures of the client’s experience of being moved by movement. The experience comprises three core constituents: ‘shifts in sense of self’, ‘sense of togetherness’ and ‘feelings of mobility’, and reveals that the therapist’s bodily movements can lead to therapeutic changes compatible with the aim of narrative therapy.
Tropical Cyclone Rain Retrievals from FY-3B MWRI Brightness Temperatures Using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF)
Authors: Zhang Ruanyu , Kummerow Christian D. , Randel David L. , Brown Paula J. , Berg Wesley , Wang Zhenzhan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on the tropical cyclone rainfall retrieval using FY-3B Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) brightness temperatures (Tbs). The GPROF, a fully parametric approach based on the Bayesian scheme, is adapted for use by the MWRI sensor. The MWRI GPROF algorithm is an ocean-only scheme used to estimate rain rates and hydrometeor vertical profiles. An a priori database is constructed from MWRI simulated Tbs, the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) combined data, and ancillary data resulting in about 100 000 rainfall profiles. The performance of MWRI retrievals is consistent with DPR observations, even though MWRI retrievals slightly overestimate low rain rates and underestimate high rain rates. The total bias of MWRI retrievals is less than 13% of the mean rain rate of DPR precipitation. Statistical comparisons over GMI GPROF, GMI Hurricane GPROF (HGPROF), and MWRI GPROF retrievals show MWRI GPROF retrievals are consistent in terms of spatial distribution and rain estimates for TCs compared with the other two estimates. In terms of the global precipitation, the mean rain rates at different distances from best track locations for five TC categories are used to identify substantial differences between mean MWRI and GMI GPROF retrievals. After correcting the biases between MWRI and GMI retrievals, the performance of MWRI retrievals shows slight overestimate for light rain rates while underestimating rain rates near the eyewall for category 4 and 5 only.
Work productivity in patients with Behçet disease and its association with disease activity and quality of life
Authors: Atas Nuh , Varan Ozkan , Babaoglu Hakan , Satis Hasan , Bilici Salman Reyhan , Celik Bulent , Tufan Abdurrahman , Haznedaroglu Seminur , Goker Berna , Ozturk Mehmet Akif 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Behçet disease is a chronic vasculitis that generally affects young adults in the most productive period of their life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate patients’ work productivity and daily activity impairment, and their relationship with disease activity and quality of life. Method In this study, 55 patients with Behçet disease who are currently working and 50 healthy controls were included. To evaluate quality of life, a 36-item short form health survey was used. For the evaluation of Behçet disease activity and work productivity, the Behçet Disease Current Activity Form and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire were used, respectively. Quality of life and work productivity between patients and healthy controls were compared. Results Scores of all domains of the health survey were significantly worse in patients with Behçet disease (range, p = 0.006 to p < 0.001). The mean Work Productivity and Activity Impairment absenteeism, presenteeism and activity impairment scores were higher in patients with Behçet disease ( p = 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between Behçet Disease Current Activity Form score and absenteeism ( r = 0.32, p = 0.016). Moreover, there was significant correlation between Work Productivity and Activity Impairment and most domains of the health survey (range, r = −0.27 to –0.64, range, p = 0.047 to p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed remarkable impairment in work productivity and health-related quality of life in Behçet disease. There is a strong correlation between work productivity and quality of life. To improve work productivity, more effective therapeutic approaches and improvements in working conditions should be provided.
Reflections on the Life and Career of Émigré German-Canadian Psychiatrist Sebastian Klaus Littmann (1931-1986)
Authors: Stahnisch Frank W. , Hunt Benjamin W. , Pow Stephen 
Published: March 2019

Objective: This article explores the life and career of Sebastian K. Littmann. He was a foundational figure of the University of Calgary’s Department of Psychiatry in his role as its second chair and, before this, as an influential administrator at Toronto’s Queen Street Mental Health Centre and Clarke Institute during a transitional period in the 1970s-1980s. According to McGill University’s Heinz Lehmann, this transitional period was when the field of psychiatry underwent an identity crisis that threatened to dissolve the discipline and see its functions increasingly filled by counsellors, neurologists, and primary physicians. Littmann’s professional background and training in Edinburgh was followed by periods of community work in New York, which—by the time he immigrated to Canada—predisposed him to favour a humane and community-based approach to psychiatric work; this approach encompassed the cultural variations that were increasingly characterizing North America’s urban social landscape. His compassionate and progressive approach to treatment was remarkable in light of his troubled and deprived upbringing in Nazi-era Germany. Conclusions: The present sketch of Littmann’s personal and professional biography serves to highlight the ways that major historical events and large-scale migration movements, which affected Central Europe, impacted the development of Canadian psychiatry and, by extension, individual Canadians in the twentieth century.
Survival outcomes associated with different sunitinib dosing regimens in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Winnie , Kletas Victoria , Kollmannsberger Christian , de Lemos Mário 
Published: March 2019

Background Standard dosing regimen of sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma consists of four weeks treatment followed by two weeks rest (intermittent dosing). Alternative regimens have been suggested, including continuous daily dosing (continuous dosing) and non-conventional dosing (non-conventional dosing: e.g. two weeks on/one week off, non-conventional dosing), to provide more individualized therapy with less toxicities. It is unclear whether non-standard sunitinib dosing affects survival outcomes. Patients Metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib between 1 July 2007 and 1 July 2011 at our institution. Methods Medical records and dispensing data were reviewed retrospectively to categorize sunitinib dosing as intermittent dosing, continuous dosing, or non-conventional dosing. Primary outcome was to compare overall survival associated with varying regimens, with secondary outcomes of progression-free survival and incidence of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects. Results A total of 180 patients were identified. Most patients received intermittent dosing ( n = 120, 67%), followed by continuous dosing ( n = 32, 18%) and non-conventional dosing ( n = 28, 16%). Compared to intermittent dosing, continuous dosing was associated with similar overall survival (median 9 vs. 13 months, HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.43–1.06, p = 0.088) while non-conventional dosing was associated with significantly longer overall survival (median 9 vs. 23 months, HR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.90, p = 0.016). Progression-free survival was significantly better for continuous dosing (median 4 vs. 9 months, HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.94, p = 0.025) and non-conventional dosing (median 4 vs. 10 months, HR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, p = 0.03) when compared to intermittent dosing. Similar to prior sunitinib trials, a significant proportion of patients (20%) discontinued sunitinib therapy due to adverse effects. Conclusions Based on retrospective, real-world data, alternative sunitinib dosing regimens appear to be viable options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Causes of in-hospital mortality after hip fractures in the elderly
Authors: Groff Hannah , Kheir Michael M , George Jaiben , Azboy Ibrahim , Higuera Carlos A , Parvizi Javad 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Although there are numerous studies reporting early mortality after hip fracture, the incidence and aetiology of in-hospital mortality following hip fractures is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the causes and the incidence of in-hospital mortality in patients with a hip fracture who received surgical treatment. Methods: This was a multi-institutional retrospective study identifying 2464 consecutive patients >65 years of age who were treated for a hip fracture from 2000 to 2016 at 2 institutions. Revision surgeries were excluded. An electronic query followed by manual chart review was performed to collect patient demographics, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), type of anaesthesia, and cause of death. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality rate for patients undergoing surgical intervention for an acute hip fracture was 3.0% (75/2464). The most common causes of death in descending order were: respiratory failure ( n = 26), cardiac failure ( n = 13), multiorgan failure ( n = 6), septic shock ( n = 6), pulmonary embolism ( n = 5), end stage renal disease ( n = 5) and others ( n = 14). In-hopsital mortality was associated with older age ( p = 0.001) and higher CCI scores ( p = 0.001). There was no association with gender ( p = 0.165), type of anaesthesia ( p = 0.497), extracapsular versus intracapsular fracture ( p = 0.627), pathologic versus non-pathologic fracture (0.799), or body mass index ( p = 0.781). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that hip fracture patients are at relatively high risk of in-hospital mortality following surgical intervention with a high proportion of patients succumbing to respiratory failure. The findings compel us to investigate strategies that can minimize mortality related to respiratory failure in this patient population such as minimising opioid use, early mobilisation, and implementing greater respiratory monitoring.
Total hip arthroplasty after acetabular fracture: does initial treatment make any difference to the outcome? A 5- to 23-year follow-up with clinical and radiological analysis
Authors: García-Rey Eduardo , Sirianni Rossella , García-Cimbrelo Eduardo , Sedel Laurent 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To determine if initial treatment affects the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) after acetabular fracture. Methods: 49 patients (49 hips) initially treated non-operatively followed some months later by THA in conjunction with acetabular reconstruction (Group 1) and 29 patients (29 hips) who had undergone THA after a previous osteosynthesis (Group 2) were assessed. The mean follow-up was 11.7 (range 5–23) years. Results: 3 acetabular components were revised for aseptic loosening in Group 1 and 2 in Group 2. The survival rate for cup loosening at 16 years was 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1–100) for Group 1 and 94.1% (95% CI, 86.5–100) for Group 2 ( p = 0.76). There were 2 sciatic palsies in Group 2 after osteosynthesis. The mean preoperative clinical score and postoperative range of mobility were better in Group 1. There were more heterotopic ossifications in Group 2. Conclusion: Despite the good results found in both groups, THA after previous osteosynthesis for acetabular fractures had more complications than a primary THA in conjunction with acetabular reconstruction.
Concerns and Expectations of Bangladeshi Parents as their Children Start School
Authors: Sanagavarapu Prathyusha , Perry Bob 
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to examine views, concerns and expectations of immigrant Bangladeshi parents and children in Sydney concerning transition to kindergarten (the first year of school). This study builds on the previous work of the Starting School Research Project at the University of Western Sydney by: • deriving data from families and children for whom English is not the first language; and • exploring the transitional experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children from prior-to-school to school settings. Ten parents and four children were interviewed on the topic of transition to school. In particular, parents were asked to indicate their concerns and expectations that would assist schools in meeting the needs of Bangladeshi children and would make transition to school a positive experience for all concerned. The results revealed issues specific to families and children of non-English-speaking background regarding transition to school.
What Will My Teacher be Like? Picture Storybooks about Starting School
Authors: Dockett Sue , Perry Bob , Whitton Diana 
Published: March 2019

CHILDREN LEARN A GREAT DEAL about school, what happens at school, and the people they will meet at school as they engage with popular culture, such as television, games and books. One of the issues raised by many children as they contemplate starting school concerns what their teacher will be like. Children's expectations about teachers are important contributors to the relationships that develop between teachers and children. Such relationships are themselves a critical factor in children's school engagement. Examining some of the information that contributes to children's expectations about teachers supports a focus on children's experiences as they start school. This article reports a study of the images of teachers within children's picture storybooks—an accessible form of popular culture about school. A collection of 164 English language picture storybooks spanning 1967–2007 was analysed to explore the representations of teachers in schools. Three areas of analysis were undertaken: how teachers are represented; the dominant images of teachers; and the images that are omitted. The analysis demonstrates the generally benign images of teachers and questions the understandings the books promote about teachers and the roles of teachers in schools.
Image as language: Teacher-created photographs and visual literacy for English language learning
Authors: Britsch Susan 
Published: March 2019

LANGUAGE IS NOT LEARNED through words alone; images lie at the heart of language development. This article suggests three essential guidelines for teachers as they create and use photographs for content learning, second-language development and image-reading. Each guideline is accompanied by content, visual literacy and language objectives. Photographs and sets of sample-levelled questions exemplify the use of the language objectives for content and visual learning in social studies, geometry or science. In sum, an informed use of visual imagery can enhance the exploration of curriculum content if based on teacher knowledge of content, of the language through which photographs speak, and of the language needed to talk about both content and image.