bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department risk factors for serious clinical deterioration in a paediatric hospital in Peru
Authors: Nielsen Katie R , Aronés Rojas Rubén , Tantaleán da Fieno José , Huicho Luis , Roberts Joan S , Zunt Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AimIdentification of critically ill children upon presentation to the emergency department (ED) is challenging, especially when resources are limited. The objective of this study was to identify ED risk factors associated with serious clinical deterioration (SCD) during hospitalisation in a resource‐limited setting.MethodsA retrospective case–control study of children less than 18 years of age presenting to the ED in a large, freestanding children's hospital in Peru was performed. Cases had SCD during the first 7 days of hospitalisation whereas controls did not. Information collected during initial ED evaluation was used to identify risk factors for SCD.ResultsA total of 120 cases and 974 controls were included. In univariate analysis, young age, residence outside Lima, evaluation at another facility prior to ED presentation, congenital malformations, abnormal neurologic baseline, co‐morbidities and a prior paediatric intensive care unit admission were associated with SCD. In multivariate analysis, age < 12 months, residence outside Lima and evaluation at another facility prior to ED presentation remained associated with SCD. In addition, comatose neurological status, hypoxaemia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and temperature were also associated with SCD.ConclusionsMany risk factors for SCD during hospitalisation can be identified upon presentation to the ED. Using these factors to adjust monitoring during and after the ED stay has the potential to decrease SCD events. Further studies are needed to determine whether this holds true in other resource‐limited settings.
Relationship of muscle cramps to quality of life and sleep disturbance in patients with chronic liver diseases: A nationwide study
Authors: Iwasa Motoh , Karino Yoshiyasu , Kawaguchi Takumi , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Shiraki Makoto , Nakajima Tomoaki , Sawada Yasuhiko , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Okita Kiwamu , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough muscle cramps frequently occur in patients with cirrhosis, the importance of muscle cramps remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship of muscle cramps with quality of life (QOL) and sleep disturbance. In addition, this multi‐institutional collaborative study in Japan investigated factors associated with muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 1788 patients with chronic liver diseases including both non‐cirrhosis and cirrhosis completed a questionnaire survey investigating: (i) frequency of muscle cramps, (ii) relationship of muscle cramps to poor QOL and sleep disturbance, (iii) characteristics of patients who require therapeutic intervention and (iv) characteristics of patients prone to experiencing muscle cramps.ResultsThis study revealed that 51.8% of patients with cirrhosis have experienced muscle cramps. People who experienced muscle cramps were more likely to have reduced QOL and sleep disturbance if muscle cramps had (i) high frequency (occurring daily to a few times per week, P < .01); (ii) long duration (between a few minutes and a few hours, P < .01) and (iii) intense severity (visual analogue scale ≥4, P < .01). Age, female sex, positive results for hepatitis C virus, low serum albumin concentration, and cirrhosis were independent factors related to the severity of muscle cramps.ConclusionMuscle cramps occurred with great frequency and were associated with various factors such as age, sex, hepatitis C virus and liver function. Many patients experience poor QOL (26.3%) due to muscle cramps, and therapeutic interventions are therefore needed.
Linking Cognitive and Social Aspects of Sound Change Using Agent‐Based Modeling
Authors: Harrington Jonathan , Kleber Felicitas , Reubold Ulrich , Schiel Florian , Stevens Mary 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe paper defines the core components of an interactive‐phonetic (IP) sound change model. The starting point for the IP‐model is that a phonological category is often skewed phonetically in a certain direction by the production and perception of speech. A prediction of the model is that sound change is likely to come about as a result of perceiving phonetic variants in the direction of the skew and at the probabilistic edge of the listener's phonological category. The results of agent‐based computational simulations applied to the sound change in progress, /u/‐fronting in Standard Southern British, were consistent with this hypothesis. The model was extended to sound changes involving splits and mergers by using the interaction between the agents to drive the phonological reclassification of perceived speech signals. The simulations showed no evidence of any acoustic change when this extended model was applied to Australian English data in which /s/ has been shown to retract due to coarticulation in /str/ clusters. Some agents nevertheless varied in their phonological categorizations during interaction between /str/ and /ʃtr/: This vacillation may represent the potential for sound change to occur. The general conclusion is that many types of sound change are the outcome of how phonetic distributions are oriented with respect to each other, their association to phonological classes, and how these types of information vary between speakers that happen to interact with each other.
Factor Structure and Gender Invariance Testing for the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2)
Authors: Madrigal Leilani A. , Roma Vincenzo , Caze Todd , Maerlender Arthur , Hope Debra 
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to provide further psychometric validation of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) by assessing the factor structure, invariance across gender, and convergent and divergent validity of the SAS-2 by correlating both related (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, brief fear of negative evaluation, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative affect) and unrelated constructs (i.e., positive affect, self-confidence). A total of 542 current and former competitive athletes completed a questionnaire through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system. All data were collected via online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to an exploratory factor analysis (n = 271) and confirmatory factor analysis group (n = 271). Results indicated that both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor model of anxiety involving somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Additionally, this study found the SAS-2 to be reliable, gender invariant, and have strong construct validity. Our findings extend the generalizability of the SAS-2 in more varied populations of athletic backgrounds.
A Phenomenological Study: Experiencing the Unexpected Death of a Teammate
Authors: Simpson Duncan , Elberty Lauren P. 
Published: March 2018

Phenomenological interviews were conducted with nine collegiate student-athletes (M = 24.11 years; SD = 3.76), from a range of sports, to explore how they experienced the unexpected death of a teammate. Qualitative analysis of interview data revealed a total of 626 meaning units which were used to produce a final thematic structure consisting of six higher order themes: Emotional Response, Behavioral Response, Faith, Social Support, Team Cohesion, and Change of Life Perspective. The results suggest that student-athletes who experience the unexpected death of a teammate go through a wide range of emotional (e.g., shock, denial) and behavioral responses (e.g., deliberate isolation from others, tributes), which ultimately changed their perspective on life. The specific nuances of these experiences offer several practical applications for sport psychology consultants, coaches, and administrators wishing to provide support to this population during such a difficult time.
Learning “Math on the Move”: Effectiveness of a Combined Numeracy and Physical Activity Program for Primary School Children
Authors: Vetter Melanie , O’Connor Helen , O’Dwyer Nicholas , Orr Rhonda 
Published: March 2018

Background: Physically active learning that combines physical activity with core curriculum areas is emerging in school-based health interventions. This study investigates the effectiveness of learning an important numeracy skill of times tables (TT) while concurrently engaging in aerobic activity compared with a seated classroom approach. Methods: Grade-4 primary school students were randomly allocated to physical activity (P) or classroom (C) groups and received the alternate condition in the following term. P group received moderate to vigorous exercise (20 min, 3 times per week, 6 wk) while simultaneously learning selected TT. C group received similar learning, but seated. Changes in TT accuracy, general numeracy, aerobic fitness, and body mass index were assessed. Data were expressed as mean (SEM) and between-condition effect size (ES; 95% confidence interval). Results: Participants [N = 85; 55% male, 9.8 (0.3) y, 36.4% overweight/obese] improved similarly on TT in both conditions [C group: 2.2% (1.1%); P group: 2.5% (1.3%); ES = 0.03; −0.30 to 0.36; P = .86]. Improvement in general numeracy was significantly greater for P group than C group [C group: 0.7% (1.2%); P group: 5.3% (1.4%); ES = 0.42; 0.08 to 0.75; P < .03]. An improvement in aerobic fitness for P group (P < .01) was not significantly greater than C group [C group: 0.8 (0.6); P group: 2.2 (0.5) mL·kg·min−1; ES = 0.32; −0.01 to 0.66; P = .06]. Body mass index was unchanged. Conclusion: Combined movement with learning TT was effective. Physically active learning paradigms may contribute to meeting daily physical activity guidelines while supporting or even boosting learning.
Successful High-Performance Ice Hockey Coaches’ Intermission Routines and Situational Factors That Guide Implementation
Authors: Allain Julia , Bloom Gordon A. , Gilbert Wade D. 
Published: March 2018

Competitions in many team sports include short breaks (e.g., intermissions, halftime) where coaches have a unique opportunity to make tactical adjustments and communicate with athletes as a group. Although these breaks are significant coaching moments, very little is known about what successful coaches do during this time. The purpose of this study was to examine intermission routines and knowledge of highly experienced and successful National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ice hockey coaches. A thematic analysis was used to analyze semistructured and stimulated-recall interview data. Results revealed that coaching during intermissions was a continuous process influenced by the coaches’ history and personal characteristics. Drawing on these factors, the coaches created an intermission routine that guided them as they analyzed unpredictable situational factors such as their team’s performance and the athletes’ emotional state. Overall, the results offer a rare glimpse into the intermission strategies of successful coaches in a high-performance setting.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonism Reveals a Gut/Lung Axis That Amplifies Regulatory T Cells in a Pulmonary Fungal Infection
Authors: Tweedle Jamie L. , Deepe George S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are popular therapies for inflammatory diseases. These agents enhance the numbers and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are important in controlling inflammatory diseases. However, elevated Treg levels increase susceptibility to infections, including histoplasmosis. We determined the mechanism by which Tregs expand in TNF-neutralized mice infected withHistoplasma capsulatum. Lung CD11c+CD11b+dendritic cells (DCs), but not alveolar macrophages, fromH. capsulatum-infected mice treated with anti-TNF induced a higher percentage of Tregs than control DCsin vitro. CD11b+CD103+DCs, understood to be unique to the intestines, were augmented in lungs with anti-TNF treatment. In the absence of this subset, DCs from anti-TNF-treated mice failed to amplify Tregsin vitro. CD11b+CD103+DCs from TNF-neutralized mice displayed higher retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) gene expression, and CD11b+CD103+RALDH+DCs exhibited greater enzyme activity. To determine if CD11b+CD103+DCs migrated from gut to lung, fluorescent beads were delivered to the gut via oral gavage, and the lungs were assessed for bead-containing DCs. Anti-TNF induced migration of CD11b+CD103+DCs from the gut to the lung that enhanced the generation of Tregs inH. capsulatum-infected mice. Therefore, TNF neutralization promotes susceptibility to pulmonaryH. capsulatuminfection by promoting a gut/lung migration of DCs that enhances Tregs.
The Transcriptional Regulator BpsR Controls the Growth of Bordetella bronchiseptica by Repressing Genes Involved in Nicotinic Acid Degradation
Authors: Guragain Manita , Jennings-Gee Jamie , Cattelan Natalia , Finger Mary , Conover Matt S. , Hollis Thomas , Deora Rajendar 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Many of the pathogenic species of the genus
Bordetella
have an absolute requirement for nicotinic acid (NA) for laboratory growth. These Gram-negative bacteria also harbor a gene cluster homologous to the
nic
cluster of
Pseudomonas putida
which is involved in the aerobic degradation of NA and its transcriptional control. We report here that BpsR, a negative regulator of biofilm formation and Bps polysaccharide production, controls the growth of
Bordetella bronchiseptica
by repressing the expression of
nic
genes. The severe growth defect of the Δ
bpsR
strain in Stainer-Scholte medium was restored by supplementation with NA, which also functioned as an inducer of
nic
genes at low micromolar concentrations that are usually present in animals and humans. Purified BpsR protein bound to the
nic
promoter region, and its DNA binding activity was inhibited by 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA), the first metabolite of the NA degradative pathway. Reporter assays with the isogenic mutant derivative of the wild-type (WT) strain harboring deletion in
nicA
, which encodes a putative nicotinic acid hydroxylase responsible for conversion of NA to 6-HNA, showed that 6-HNA is the actual inducer of the
nic
genes in the bacterial cell. Gene expression profiling further showed that BpsR dually activated and repressed the expression of genes associated with pathogenesis, transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and other cellular processes. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the selection of pyridines such as NA and quinolinic acid for optimum bacterial growth depending on the ecological niche.

IMPORTANCE
BpsR, the previously described regulator of biofilm formation and Bps polysaccharide production, controls
Bordetella bronchiseptica
growth by regulating the expression of genes involved in the degradation of nicotinic acid (NA). 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA), the first metabolite of the NA degradation pathway prevented BpsR from binding to DNA and was the actual
in vivo
inducer. We hypothesize that BpsR enables
Bordetella
bacteria to efficiently and selectively utilize NA for their survival depending on the environment in which they reside. The results reported herein lay the foundation for future investigations of how BpsR and the alteration of its activity by NA orchestrate the control of
Bordetella
growth, metabolism, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis.
Multicenter Evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 for Detection of Viruses and Bacteria in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples
Authors: Leber Amy L. , Everhart Kathy , Daly Judy A. , Hopper Aubrey , Harrington Amanda , Schreckenberger Paul , McKinley Kathleen , Jones Matthew , Holmberg Kristen , Kensinger Bart 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 (RP2) is a multiplex
in vitro
diagnostic test for the simultaneous and rapid (∼45-min) detection of 22 pathogens directly from nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples. It contains updated (and in some instances redesigned) assays that improve upon the FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP; version 1.7), with a faster run time. The organisms identified are adenovirus, coronavirus 229E, coronavirus HKU1, coronavirus NL63, coronavirus OC43, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza virus A, influenza virus A H1, influenza virus A H1-2009, influenza virus A H3, influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus 1, parainfluenza virus 2, parainfluenza virus 3, parainfluenza virus 4, respiratory syncytial virus,
Bordetella pertussis
,
Chlamydia pneumoniae
, and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
. Two new targets are included in the FilmArray RP2: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and
Bordetella parapertussis
. This study provides data from a multicenter evaluation of 1,612 prospectively collected NPS samples, with performance compared to that of the FilmArray RP or PCR and sequencing. The overall percent agreement between the FilmArray RP2 and the comparator testing was 99.2%. The RP2 demonstrated a positive percent agreement of 91.7% or greater for detection of all but three analytes: coronavirus OC43,
B. parapertussis
, and
B. pertussis
. The FilmArray RP2 also demonstrated a negative percent agreement of ≥93.8% for all analytes. Of note, the adenovirus assay detects all genotypes, with a demonstrated increase in sensitivity. The FilmArray RP2 represents a significant improvement over the FilmArray RP, with a substantially shorter run time that could aid in the diagnosis of respiratory infections in a variety of clinical scenarios.
Dynein Engages and Disassembles Cytosol-Localized Simian Virus 40 To Promote Infection
Authors: Ravindran Madhu Sudhan , Spriggs Chelsey C. , Verhey Kristen J. , Tsai Billy 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
During entry, polyomavirus (PyV) is endocytosed and sorts to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it penetrates the ER membrane to reach the cytosol. From the cytosol, the virus moves to the nucleus to cause infection. How PyV is transported from the cytosol into the nucleus, a crucial infection step, is unclear. We found that upon reaching the cytosol, the archetypal PyV simian virus 40 (SV40) recruits the cytoplasmic dynein motor, which disassembles the viral particle. This reaction enables the resulting disassembled virus to enter the nucleus to promote infection. Our findings reveal how a cytosolic motor can be hijacked to impart conformational changes to a viral particle, a process essential for successful infection.

IMPORTANCE
How a nonenveloped virus successfully traffics from the cell surface to the nucleus to cause infection remains enigmatic in many instances. In the case of the nonenveloped PyV, the viral particle is sorted from the plasma membrane to the ER and then the cytosol, from which it enters the nucleus to promote infection. The molecular mechanism by which PyV reaches the nucleus from the cytosol is not entirely clear. Here we demonstrate that the prototype PyV SV40 recruits dynein upon reaching the cytosol. Importantly, this cellular motor disassembles the viral particle during cytosol-to-nucleus transport to cause infection.
Wisconsin microbiome study, a cross-sectional investigation of dietary fibre, microbiome composition and antibiotic-resistant organisms: rationale and methods
Authors: Eggers Shoshannah , Malecki Kristen MC , Peppard Paul , Mares Julie , Shirley Daniel , Shukla Sanjay K , Poulsen Keith , Gangnon Ronald , Duster Megan , Kates Ashley , Suen Garret , Sethi Ajay K , Safdar Nasia 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionPrevention of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections, such as those caused by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative bacteria andClostridium difficileis crucial. Evidence suggests that dietary fibre increases gut microbial diversity, which may help prevent colonisation and subsequent infection by MDROs. The aim of the Winning the War on Antibiotic Resistance (WARRIOR) project is to examine associations of dietary fibre consumption with the composition of the gut microbiota and gut colonisation by MDROs. The secondary purpose of the study is to create a biorepository of multiple body site specimens for future microbiota research.Methods and analysisThe WARRIOR project collects biological specimens, including nasal, oral and skin swabs and saliva and stool samples, along with extensive data on diet and MDRO risk factors, as an ancillary study of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW). The SHOW is a population-based health survey collecting data on several different health determinants and outcomes, as well as objective body measurements and biological specimens. WARRIOR participants include 600 randomly selected Wisconsin residents age 18 and over. Specimens are screened for MDRO colonisation and DNA is extracted for 16S ribosomal RNA-based microbiota sequencing. Data will be analysed to assess the relationship between dietary fibre, the gut microbiota composition and gut MDRO colonisation.Ethics and disseminationThe WARRIOR project is approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board. The main results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Impact of CAre-related Regret Upon Sleep (ICARUS) cohort study: protocol of a 3-year multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of novice healthcare professionals
Authors: Cheval Boris , Cullati Stéphane , Pihl-Thingvad Jesper , Mongin Denis , Von Arx Martina , Chopard Pierre , Courvoisier Delphine S 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionHealthcare professionals are particularly at risk of developing numerous physical and psychological health problems. The experiences of emotional burden associated with providing healthcare, notably care-related regret, have been associated with these health problems, but only using cross-sectional data so far. Evidence of a causal impact of regret has not been assessed. The Impact of CAre-related Regret Upon Sleep (ICARUS) study is the first prospective and international cohort study established to examine how newly practising healthcare professionals adapt to their challenging job by assessing the impact of care-related regret on sleep and job quitting.Method and analysisThe ICARUS cohort study will include newly practising healthcare professionals working in acute care hospitals and clinics recruited between May 2017 and November 2019. Data collection, which will begin as soon as the participant starts working with patients, will consist of a 1-year weekly assessment using a secure web survey. Follow-up data will be collected at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the end of the first year. We will collect detailed information on the experience of care-related regret (ie, highest regret intensity, accumulation of regrets and coping strategies related to regrets), sleep problems and job quitting. Moreover, quality of life, health status and burnout will be assessed during the follow-up. Several confounders factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, personality, night shifts and work environment characteristics, will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva Canton, Switzerland (CCER2016-02041), the Ethics Committee of London South Bank University (HSCSEP/17/06) and the University Research Ethics Committee of Bedfordshire (UREC106). Other study centres deemed local ethical approval unnecessary since the main ethics committee (Geneva) had already accepted the project. Results will be published in relevant scientific journals and be disseminated in international conferences. Fully anonymised data and questionnaires will be freely accessible to everyone (scientists and general public).