bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular albumin overload elicits endoplasmic reticulum stress and PKC-delta/p38 MAPK pathway activation to induce podocyte apoptosis
Authors: Gonçalves Guilherme Lopes , Costa-Pessoa Juliana Martins , Thieme Karina , Lins Bruna Bezerra , Oliveira-Souza Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPodocyte injury is closely related to proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently, there is no conclusive understanding about the mechanisms involved in albumin overload and podocyte apoptosis response. In this study, we sought to explore the ways by which intracellular albumin can mediate podocyte apoptosis. Here, immortalized mouse podocytes were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different times and concentrations, in the presence or absence of SB203580 (0.1 µM, inhibitor of mitogen-activated-protein kinase – p38MAPK). Using immunofluorescence images, flow cytometry and immunoblotting, we observed a time-dependent intracellular accumulation of fluorescent albumin-FITC-BSA, followed by concentration-and time-dependent effect of intracellular albumin overload on podocyte apoptosis, which was mediated by increased expression of the chaperone glucose-regulated-protein 78 (GRP 78) and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (pIRE1-α), as well as protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ), p38MAPK and cleaved caspase 12 expression. SB203580 prevented the cleavage of caspase 12 and the albumin-mediated podocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that intracellular albumin overload is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and upregulation of PKC-δ/p38MAPK/caspase 12 pathway, which may be a target for future therapeutic of albumin-induced podocyte apoptosis.
Statement by the OEGGG with Review of the Literature on the Mode of Delivery of Premature Infants at the Limit of Viability
Authors: Fischer Thorsten , Mörtl Manfred , Reif Philipp , Kiss Herbert , Lang Uwe ,   for the Austrian Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG)
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 2017, the Austrian Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (ÖGKJ) published a guideline on the primary care of premature infants at the limit of viability. In this guideline, it is recommended that a Caesarean section be preferred as mode of delivery with regard to an early preterm birth (22 + 0 – 24 + 6 weeks of pregnancy) due to an allegedly lower perinatal risk of cerebral haemorrhage. In contrast to this, the Austrian Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG) considers there to be no clinical and scientific basis for this recommendation and the mode of delivery in the case of early preterm birth must be adapted to the individual maternal and foetal clinical situation. The international data available from the generally retrospective investigations show heterogeneous results regarding the mode of delivery. The prospective and randomised data in this regard are insufficient. A Cochrane analysis does not show any advantage in favour of a Caesarean delivery. The German-language guidelines (AWMF and Switzerland) make analogous recommendations for adapting the mode of delivery with regard to an early preterm birth individually to the respective clinical situation. In the case of an early preterm birth and a singleton in cephalic presentation, the OEGGG therefore recommends individual management of the delivery which takes the maternal and foetal clinical situation into account and also includes vaginal delivery as a mode of delivery in the clinical decision process.
Origin and evolution.
Authors: d'Eeckenbrugge G. C. , Duval M. F. , Leal F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter describes the pineapple wild relatives, including their taxonomic status, ecology and distributions. The domesticated pineapples and their pre-Columbian distribution are discussed, as well as the domestication syndrome in the cultivated forms of Ananas comosus. Pineapple diversity and genetic relations among wild and cultivated forms are also explained.
Plant nutrition.
Authors: Vásquez-Jiménez J. , Bartholomew D. P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on pineapple nutrient management, discussing soil sampling and analysis (for minerals, chemicals, texture, pH and liming), as well as plant tissue analysis (for nutrient concentrations). The distribution of nutrients within the plant; plant macro- and micronutrients; plant nutrient characteristics, typical deficiency levels and symptoms; and plant nutrient requirements are described. Important nutrients issues, such as environmental quality, are also mentioned.
Production for other uses.
Authors: Souza F. V. D. , Souza E. H. de , Sena Neto A. R. , Marconcini J. M. , Assis S. A. de 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The pineapple plant has many uses besides fresh and processed fruit products, where it stands out not only for its flavour, but also for its nutritional properties. These alternate uses include ornamental purposes, reinforcing fibres for varied products, fibres for paper, enzymes with proteolytic action, secondary metabolites and animal feed. This chapter deals with pineapple production for these uses. The multitude of potential uses combined with the ability of the pineapple plant to survive in dry environments make pineapple suitable for many rural communities with limited resources. These qualities and utility also highlight the need to protect germplasm collections of this valuable and unique natural resource.
Postharvest physiology, handling and storage.
Authors: Paull R. E. , Chen ChingCheng Chen ChingCheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses pineapple fruit development, physiology, harvesting and handling, including postharvest treatment, storage and grading. The postharvest changes in fruit quality, insect disinfestation by irradiation, disorders and malformations of pineapples are also described.
Jahn-Teller effect problems via ultrasonic experiments. Application to the impurity crystal CdSe:Cr
Authors: Averkiev N S , Bersuker I B , Gudkov V V , Zhevstovskikh I V , Sarychev M N , Zherlitsyn S , Yasin S , Korostelin Yu V , Surikov V T 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Based on the data analysis of ultrasonic experiments, a novel approach has been developed to explore Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) problems in non-cubic crystals with JT centers without involving additional experimental data beyond the information about the electronic term and crystal symmetry. Distinguished from cubic crystals, the axis of symmetry of the bulk non-cubic crystal do not necessarily coincide with those of the local impurity center, thus complicating the relation between the distortions produced by the ultrasound wave and the JTE active modes. We analysed the problem with corresponding calculations for the wurtzite-type hexagonal crystal CdSe:Cr2+, in which the chromium ion substitutes the cadmium one in the tetrahedral environment, resulting in its electronic ground state 5
T
2(e2t2
). Experimental investigation of this system by ultrasound at frequencies of 28-105 MHz in the temperature range of 4-180 K, yields a peak in the attenuation of the ultrasound below 40 K for the normal modes related to the c
11, c
44, c
55, c
55, and c
66 elastic moduli. The peak has been interpreted as the manifestation of the JTE, similar to the one, observed in cubic crystals doped with 3d ions. However, no anomalies of attenuation have been detected for the mode related to the c
33 elastic modulus, in contradiction to the theoretical predictions based on the previous method, worked out for cubic crystals. In the new method we obtained direct relations between the deformations, related to the crystal moduli, and the local JT modes, calculated the partition functions for each of the three possible JTE problems for systems with an electronic T term, T⊗e, T⊗t2
and T⊗(e + t2) revealed how these deformations alter the vibronic energy levels responsible for the relaxations in the JT centers. It emerged that in the wurtzite crystal under consideration, only in the T⊗e problem the deformation related to the elastic moduli c
33 displaces all the vibronic energy level uniformly, without relaxation possibilities, thus supporting the new method and explaining the experimental observations.
Game Theory-Based Reasoning of Opposing Non-functional Requirements using Inter-actor Dependencies
Authors: Sumesh Sreenithya , Krishna Aneesh , Subramanian Chitra M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Goal-oriented requirements engineering frameworks are used to model stakeholders’ objectives and requirements using goals. In a real-time environment, stakeholders’ requirements may have opposing objectives. Hence, a novel framework is needed that captures the real issues in order to achieve multi-objective optimization of inter-dependent actors. For obtaining an optimum strategy for inter-dependent actors in the i* goal model, a multi-objective two-person zero-sum game theory-based approach is applied in this paper, by balancing the opposing goals reciprocally. The proposed approach involves the generation of each objective function based on the inter-dependency relationships, the creation of decision pay-off matrices based on the objective function values and their variation to a final decision pay-off matrix. A Maxmin solution is formulated for the multi-objective game model, in which the optimization problem for each player is a linear programming problem. Finally, the most desirable strategies and their proportion values are found. By integrating Java with the IBM CPLEX optimization tool, a simulation model based on the proposed method was developed. A successful evaluation was conducted on various case studies from the existing literature. Evaluation results indicate that the developed simulation model helps users to choose an optimal alternative design option feasible in real-time competitive environments that have goals with opposing objectives.
Line-driven ablation of circumstellar discs – IV. The role of disc ablation in massive star formation and its contribution to the stellar upper mass limit
Authors: Kee Nathaniel Dylan , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Radiative feedback from luminous, massive stars during their formation is a key process in moderating accretion on to the stellar object. In the prior papers in this series, we showed that one form such feedback takes is UV line-driven disc ablation. Extending on this study, we now constrain the strength of this effect in the parameter range of star and disc properties appropriate to forming massive stars. Simulations show that ablation rate depends strongly on stellar parameters, but that this dependence can be parameterized as a nearly constant, fixed enhancement over the wind mass-loss rate, allowing us to predict the rate of disc ablation for massive (proto)stars as a function of stellar mass and metallicity. By comparing this to predicted accretion rates, we conclude that ablation is a strong feedback effect for very massive (proto)stars which should be considered in future studies of massive star formation.
Hegemony
Authors: McNally Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, arguing that it is a theory of national-popular class politics aimed at illuminating how the achievement of state power and socioeconomic transformation can only be secured by mobilizing and winning the consent of the masses through a strategy of “national-popular” political and ideological alliance in civil society. Examined here are three essential aspects of the theory: the conditions of hegemonic struggle conceived as a dynamic field of “relations of force”; the apparatus of hegemony constituted by parties, states, civil society, and intellectuals; and the politics of hegemony involving a political and ideological campaign for mass consent among the “national-popular” masses. The chapter demonstrates how Gramsci’s concepts illuminate the success and failures of capitalist and socialist hegemonic strategies. The conclusion suggests that contemporary interpretations and applications of hegemony in social scientific research need to give greater weight to its holistic, class-based, and “national-popular” character.
European “Integration”
Authors: Ryner Magnus 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
European integration has until recently suffered from relative neglect in Marxist research and analysis. Nevertheless, Mandel and Poulantzas made foundational contributions to Marxist theorization of European integration in the late 1960s and early 1970s: these have had a lasting influence of the rapidly emerging scholarship of the present. This entry provides a broad overview of Marxist analyses and debates about European integration while arguing that Poulantzas’s “interiorization thesis” has proven to be prescient and central for a critical understanding of the European Union.
Health Policy in American Economic History
Authors: Thomasson Melissa A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The late nineteenth century witnessed the beginning of a strong, downward trend in mortality in the United States. Economists and others have been identifying and measuring the factors that contributed to these gains in health and to the growth of the healthcare sector over the twentieth century. This chapter attempts to organize and enumerate their various contributions and to suggest directions for future research. Most work falls under one of several strands of research. Public health efforts, innovations in medical technology, and the rise of social insurance and health insurance all play important roles in explaining the decline in mortality, the improvement in health in the United States over the twentieth century, and the growth in the healthcare sector.
Immigration in American Economic History
Authors: Ferrie Joseph P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Immigration has been a powerful force is the US economy right from the period of initial settlement in the early seventeenth century. It has been instrumental in building the nation’s infrastructure, transforming its manufacturing sector, and growing its labor force, as it transferred human capital from where it was initially generated (abroad) to where it was productively employed (the United States). This chapter surveys the impact on the economy, on the immigrants themselves, and on the Americans they joined in four eras: (1) settlement (1600s–1700s); (2) the first “Great Wave” (1800–1890); (3) the second “Great Wave” (1890–1920s); and (4) the post-1965 period.
Introduction
Authors: Cain Louis P. , Fishback Price V. , Rhode Paul W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This introduction offers an overview of the research discussed in the 37 chapters in the Oxford Handbook of American Economic History. It discusses the path of economic growth and development and the methods that economic historians have used to measure and analyze them. Over the last 300 years population growth has slowed, and the population has lived longer and healthier lives. The economy has shifted from predominantly agricultural through a major industrialization period into a service-based modern economy largely located in urban areas. Per capita incomes have grown largely through increased productivity from improved technologies, better education, improved organizations of processes, and governments that established private property rights, rule of law, and protections of individual freedom. Capital aspects of the economy have varied more than commonly known, and financial institutions have gone through several innovations as their regulatory regimes have waxed and waned. A diverse population of men, women, ethnic groups, races, and ages played major roles in labor markets. Labor market institutions changed with the elimination of slavery, the development of “at will” contracts, internal labor markets, and changing treatment of collective bargaining. In the federal system of governments, states were initially the dominant actors, followed by local governments in the late nineteenth century, and then an expansion of all governments and the national government in the last hundred years, partially in response to the major crises of the World Wars and the Great Depression.
Transportation in American Economic History
Authors: Atack Jeremy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Given the continental scale and relatively low population density of the United States, transportation has always been, and remains, a vital service connecting sources of supply with demand. Over time, technological change within specific modes of transportation and differences and competition between water, land, and air modes of transportation have dramatically lowered shipping and travel costs—eventually by well over 90–95 percent in real terms. These changes have both created and diverted trade, promoting economic growth and shaping development. However, the existence of substantial positive externalities also creates a significant gap between social and private benefits so that transportation services are often undersupplied by the market, leading to frequent but inconsistent and intermittent public-sector interventions that have been reinforced by financial volatility arising from the cost structure of the industry.
The New Deal in American Economic History
Authors: Fishback Price V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The New Deal was a response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Roosevelt administration built an incredible array of public works and established a series of regulations, government insurance, and poverty programs that are still in place today. This chapter examines the research in the last two decades on the monetary and fiscal policies of the New Deal; the public choice aspects of the distribution of New Deal funds to states, cities, and counties; the state income multiplier; and the impact of specific New Deal programs on a wide range of other socioeconomic outcomes. In the process it describes anticipated directions for future research.
Energy in American Economic History
Authors: Kitchens Carl 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the electrification experience in the United States from 1880 to 1960, noting electricity’s effects on manufacturing and agricultural productivity, changes in the demand for worker skills, and changes in household structure. The chapter also discusses how the rise of a new industry led to new regulations and addressed discrepancies in service between urban and rural areas and presents evidence on the current state of research into the effects of these institutional changes on electricity pricing and economic growth. This historical literature can inform the current debate on the impact of large infrastructure projects in developing countries, and of electrification in particular. With over half of the world’s population still yet to acquire consistent access to electricity, these issues remain pertinent to the current policy sphere.
Lying and Fiction
Authors: Maier Emar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLying and fiction both involve the deliberate production of statements that fail to obey Grice’s first Maxim of Quality (“do not say what you believe to be false”). The question thus arises if we can provide a uniform analysis for fiction and lies. This chapter discusses the similarities, but also some fundamental differences between lying and fiction. It argues that there is little hope for a satisfying account within a traditional truth-conditional semantic framework. Rather than immediately moving to a fully pragmatic analysis involving distinct speech acts of fiction-making and lying, the chapter first explores how far we get with the assumption that both are simply assertions, analyzed in a Stalnakerian framework, i.e., as proposals to update the common ground.
Lying and Vagueness
Authors: Egré Paul , Icard Benjamin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVagueness is a double-edged sword in relation to lying and truthfulness. In situations in which a cooperative speaker is uncertain about the world, vagueness offers a resource for truthfulness: it avoids one’s having to commit oneself to more precise utterances that would be either false or unjustifiably true, and it is arguably an optimal solution to satisfy the Gricean maxims of Quality and Quantity. In situations in which a non-cooperative speaker is well-informed about the world, on the other hand, vagueness can be a deceptive mechanism. We distinguish two cases of that sort: cases in which the speaker is deliberately imprecise in order to hide information from the hearer; and cases in which the speaker exploits the semantic indeterminacy of vague predicates to produce utterances that are true in one sense, but false in another. Should such utterances, which we call half-truths, be considered lies? The answer, we argue, depends on the context: the lack of unequivocal truth is not always sufficient to declare falsity.
Lying and Lie Detection
Authors: Mann Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDetecting lies is a difficult task. People lie frequently, and most lies are trivial. However, some lies can have very serious consequences. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that people are not good at detecting deceit, with accuracy typically equating to a guess. Indeed, there are many impediments to the process, including that most people are quite adept at lying, there are large individual differences in people’s behaviour when they lie, often the person suspected of lying is not known to the lie detector, and that people look for the wrong cues to deceit. Technology has produced numerous aids which are claimed to detect deceit, but the problem is that such technologies typically detect anxiety, but lying may or may not lead to anxiety. Conversely, so may truth-telling, hence the difficulty. However, recent research, discussed here, concentrates on making the liar’s task more difficult, and shows promise in distinguishing liars from truth-tellers.
Lying and Psychology
Authors: Gamer Matthias , Suchotzki Kristina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLying is a very complex behavior, occurring in different forms and situations. It requires the liar not only to constantly keep the perspective of the to-be-deceived person in mind, but at the same time to remember and activate the truth, prevent the truth from slipping out, and flexibly switch between the lie and the truth. The affective correlates of lying seem to range from guilt and the fear of being discovered to a delight after successfully getting away with a lie. Because of the observed variability in the affective correlates of lying, most recent research on lie detection has started to explore methods that are based on cognitive rather than affective processes. Those methods aim either to measure the increased cognitive load during lying, or to measure lying indirectly by assessing whether a suspect recognizes critical crime-related information.
Lying and Neuroscience
Authors: Ganis Giorgio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the literature on the cognitive neuroscience of deception and deception-detection. First, the two main classes of deception paradigms are briefly introduced and some of their key features are discussed. Next, key results of electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies are summarized and the main findings reviewed, in terms of both theoretical implications and potential applications. The key theoretical question about whether the patterns of neural activation found in these neuroimaging studies reflect deception-specific processes or, conversely, general-purpose processes, is discussed in detail within the context of reverse inferences in cognitive neuroscience.