bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular physiology drives functional brain networks
Authors: Bright Molly G. , Whittaker Joseph R. , Driver Ian D. , Murphy Kevin 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe present the first evidence for vascular regulation driving fMRI signals in specific functional brain networks. Using concurrent neuronal and vascular stimuli, we collected 30 BOLD fMRI datasets in 10 healthy individuals: a working memory task, flashing checkerboard stimulus, and CO2 inhalation challenge were delivered in concurrent but orthogonal paradigms. The resulting imaging data were averaged together and decomposed using independent component analysis, and three “neuronal networks” were identified as demonstrating maximum temporal correlation with the neuronal stimulus paradigms: Default Mode Network, Task Positive Network, and Visual Network. For each of these, we observed a second network component with high spatial overlap. Using dual regression in the original 30 datasets, we extracted the time-series associated with these network pairs and calculated the percent of variance explained by the neuronal or vascular stimuli using a normalized R2 parameter. In each pairing, one network was dominated by the appropriate neuronal stimulus, and the other was dominated by the vascular stimulus as represented by the end-tidal CO2 time-series recorded in each scan. We acquired a second dataset in 8 of the original participants, where no CO2 challenge was delivered and CO2 levels fluctuated naturally with breathing variations. Although splitting of functional networks was not robust in these data, performing dual regression with the network maps from the original analysis in this new dataset successfully replicated our observations. Thus, in addition to responding to localized metabolic changes, the brain’s vasculature may be regulated in a coordinated manner that mimics (and potentially supports) specific functional brain networks. Multi-modal imaging and advances in fMRI acquisition and analysis could facilitate further study of the dual nature of functional brain networks. It will be critical to understand network-specific vascular function, and the behavior of a coupled vascular-neural network, in future studies of brain pathology.
Novel cytokine interactions identified during perturbed hematopoiesis
Authors: Krieger Madison S. , Moreau Joshua M , Zhang Haiyu , Chien May , Zehnder James L , Nowak Martin A , Craig Morgan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHematopoiesis is a dynamic process involving the up- and down-regulation of genes, as well as feed-back loops that stimulate or suppress circulating cytokine concentrations. More complete pictures of the gene regulatory networks that control the production of the blood system have emerged with the advent of single-cell sequencing techniques and refinements to the capabilities of immunoassays. However, information about the regulatory networks of cytokines is still lacking. A novel mathematical technique (convergent cross-mapping, or CCM) allows for the extraction of causal relationships from data, which is of crucial importance for understanding these networks. To reconstruct the cytokine networks within the hematopoietic system we measured the concentrations of 62 cytokines, platelets, and thrombopoietin from an individual with cyclic thrombocytopenia (regular oscillations in the megakaryocytes and platelets) over 84 days. Using CCM, we identified 61 previously unreported cytokine relationships. Our approach is the first broad-scale investigation into causal relationships between cytokines in the blood and suggests a new paradigm for understanding how dynamic regulation occurs during hematopoiesis.
Effects of male age and female presence on male associations in a large, polygynous mammal in southern India
Authors: Keerthipriya P. , Nandini S. , Vidya T.N.C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a detailed study of male associations in a roving species, the Asian elephant, using six years of data on identified, nonmusth males. Adult males spent greater proportions of their time solitarily than in mixed-sex or in all-male groups. Old (over 30 years) males were sighted more frequently with their age-peers and less frequently with young (15-30 years) males than expected at random in all-male groups. Young males were not sighted more frequently with old males than with young males, and did not disproportionately initiate associations with old males. These results suggest that male associations, in the absence of females, primarily allow for old nonmusth males to test strengths against age-peers. Social learning from older individuals did not seem to be important in male associations, unlike that observed in African savannah elephants. We also found a constraint on the sizes of all-male groups, similar to that seen in female groups in our study population, and with male group sizes being smaller than that of African savannah elephants. However, most males had a significant top associate in female absence. In mixed-sex groups, male associations occurred at random, suggesting that males were tracking female groups independently. Thus, we find some differences in male social organisation compared to the phylogenetically related African savannah elephant that occupies a similar niche, and suggest that ecological factors might have shaped the differences in these male societies.
A universal set of primers to study animal associated microeukaryotic communities
Authors: Campo Javier del , Pons Maria J. , Herranz Maria , Wakeman Kevin C. , Valle Juana del , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnlike the study of bacterial microbiomes, the study of the microeukaryotes associated with animals has largely been restricted to visual identification or molecular targeting of particular groups. The application of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches, such as those used to look at bacteria, has been restricted because the barcoding gene traditionally used to study microeukaryotic ecology and distribution in the environment, the Small Subunit of the Ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA), is also present in the animal host. As a result, when host-associated microbial eukaryotes are analyzed by HTS, the obtained reads tend to be dominated by host sequences.ResultsWe have done an in-silico validation against the SILVA 18S rRNA reference database of contrametazoan primers that cover the V4 region of the 18S rRNA, and compared these with universal V4 18S rRNA primers that are widely used by the microbial ecology community. We observe that the contrametazoan primers recover only 2.6% of all the metazoan sequences present in SILVA, while the universal primers recover up to 20%. Among metazoans, the contrametazoan primers are predicted to amplify 74% of Porifera sequences and 4% and 15% of ctenophore and Cnidaria, respectively, while amplifying almost no sequences within Bilateria.We tested these predictions in-vivo, and observed that contrametazoan primers amplify the 18SrRNA from two ctenophore species, but reduce significantly the metazoan signal from material derived from coral and from human samples. When compared in-vivo against universal primers, contrametazoan primers worked in 8 out of 9 samples, providing at worst a 2-fold decrease in the number of metazoan reads, and at best a 2800-fold decrease.ConclusionsWe have validated an easy, inexpensive, and near-universal method for the study of microeukaryotes associated with animal hosts using 18S rRNA Illumina metabarcoding. This method will contribute to a better understanding of microbial communities, as they related to the wellbeing of animals and humans.
FtsZ assembles the bacterial cell division machinery by a diffusion-and-capture mechanism
Authors: Baranova Natalia , Radler Philipp , Hernández-Rocamora Víctor M. , Alfonso Carlos , López-Pelegrín Mar , Rivas German , Vollmer Waldemar , Loose Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of bacterial cell division is largely unknown. The protein machinery performing cell division is organized by FtsZ, a tubulin-homolog that forms treadmilling filaments at the cell division site. Treadmilling is thought to actively move proteins around the cell thereby distributing peptidoglycan synthesis to make two new cell poles. To understand this process, we reconstituted part of the bacterial cell division machinery using the purified components FtsZ, FtsA and truncated transmembrane proteins essential for cell division. We found that membrane-bound cytosolic peptides of FtsN and FtsQ co-migrated with treadmilling FtsZ-FtsA filaments. Remarkably, rather than moving in a directed fashion, individual peptides followed FtsZ filaments by a diffusion-and-capture mechanism. Our work provides a mechanism for how the Z-ring dynamically recruits divisome proteins and highlights the importance of transient interactions for the self-organization of complex biological structures. We propose that this mechanism is used more widely to organize and transmit spatiotemporal information in living cells.One Sentence SummaryFtsZ treadmilling assembles bacterial division machinery by diffusion-and-capture mechanism.
3D Chromatin Architecture Remodeling during Human Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Reveals A Role Of HERV-H In Demarcating Chromatin Domains
Authors: Zhang Yanxiao , Li Ting , Preissl Sebastian , Grinstein Jonathan , Farah Elie N. , Destici Eugin , Lee Ah Young , Chee Sora , Qiu Yunjiang , Ma Kaiyue , Ye Zhen , Hu Rong , Zhu Quan , Huang Hui , Fang Rongxin , Yu Leqian , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Wu Jun , Evans Sylvia M. , Chi Neil C. , Ren Bing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDynamic restructuring of chromatin architecture has been implicated in cell-type specific gene regulatory programs; yet, how chromatin remodels during lineage specification remains to be elucidated. Through interrogating chromatin reorganization during human cardiomyocyte differentiation, we uncover dynamic chromatin interactions between genes and distal regulatory elements harboring noncoding variants associated with adult and congenital heart diseases. Unexpectedly, we also discover a new class of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-specific topologically associating domains (TAD) that are created by the actively transcribed endogenous retrotransposon HERV-H. Deletion or silencing of specific HERV-H elements eliminates corresponding TAD boundaries, while de novo insertion of HERV-H can introduce new chromatin domain boundaries in human PSCs. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin architecture in other species that lack HERV-H sequences supports a role for actively transcribed HERV-H in demarcating human PSC-specific TADs. The biological role of HERV-H is further underscored by the observation that deletion of a specific HERV-H reduces transcription of genes upstream and facilitates cell differentiation. Overall, our results highlight a previously unrecognized role for retrotransposons in restructuring genome architecture in the human genome and delineate dynamic gene regulatory networks during cardiomyocyte development that inform how non-coding genetic variants contribute to human heart diseases.
Differential responses of antioxidants and dehydrin expression in two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivars contrasting in drought tolerance
Authors: Liu Yiming , Hu Guofu , Wu Guoqiang , Liu Guodao , Huan Hengfu , Ding Xipeng , Yan Linling , Li Xinyong , Zhao Bingyu , Zhang Xunzhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrought stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and development in many regions of the world. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant metabolism and dehydrin expression responses to drought stress in two switchgrass cultivars (drought tolerant Alamo, and drought sensitive Dacotah) contrasting in drought tolerance. The plants were subjected to well-watered [100% evapotranspiration (ET)] or drought stress (30%-50% ET) conditions for up to 24 d in growth chambers. Drought stress decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two cultivars, but Alamo exhibited higher leaf RWC level, lower leaf EL and MDA when compared to Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Drought stress also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in two cultivars, Alamo had relatively higher SOD, CAT and APX activities and greater abundance of SOD and APX isozymes than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. Alamo had higher abundance of 55 KDa and 18 KDa dehydrin accumulation than Dacotah under drought treatment. Relative genes expression level of PvCAT1, PvAPX2, PvERD and PvPIP1;5 in Alamo were significantly higher than Dacotah at 24 d of drought treatment. These results suggest that increase in antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of dehydrin were highly related with switchgrass drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activity, isozyme expression and dehydrin abundance could provide a useful screening tool to identify relative drought tolerance in switchgrass cultivars.
Identification of new transmembrane proteins concentrated at the nuclear envelope using organellar proteomics of mesenchymal cells
Authors: Cheng Li-Chun , Baboo Sabyasachi , Lindsay Cory , Brusman Liza , Martinez-Bartolomé Salvador , Tapia Olga , Zhang Xi , Yates John R. , Gerace Larry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe nuclear envelope (NE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain that contains characteristic components dedicated to nuclear functions. These include nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) – the channels for nucleocytoplasmic transport, and the nuclear lamina (NL) – a scaffold for NE and chromatin organization at the nuclear periphery. Since numerous human diseases associated with NE/NL proteins occur in mesenchyme-derived cells, a more comprehensive characterization of proteins concentrated at the NE in these cell types is warranted. Accordingly, we used proteomics to analyze NE and other subcellular fractions isolated from mesenchymal stem cells and from differentiated adipocytes and myocytes. We evaluated the proteomics datasets to calculate relative protein enrichment in the NE fraction, using a spectral abundance-based scoring system that accurately described most benchmark proteins. We then examined five high-scoring transmembrane proteins expressed in all three cell types that were not previously known to be enriched at the NE. Using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy to track ectopically expressed proteins, we validated that all five of these components are substantially concentrated at the NE of multiple cell types. One (Itprip) is exposed to the outer nuclear membrane, a second (Smpd4) is enriched at the NPC, and the three others (Mfsd10, Tmx4, and Arl6ip6) are suggested to reside in the inner nuclear membrane. Considering their sequences and other features, these proteins provide new focal points for studying the functions and membrane dynamics of the NE. Our datasets should be useful for identifying additional NE-concentrated proteins, and for evaluating candidates that are identified in screening.
Myeloid cell and transcriptome signatures associated with inflammation resolution in a model of self-limiting acute brain inflammation
Authors: Davies Claire L , Patir Anirudh , McColl Barry W 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInflammation contributes to tissue repair and restoration of function after infection or injury. However, some forms of inflammation can cause tissue damage and disease, particularly if inappropriately activated, excessive, or not resolved adequately. The mechanisms that prevent excessive or chronic inflammation are therefore important to understand. This is particularly important in the central nervous system where some effects of inflammation can have particularly harmful consequences, including irreversible damage. An increasing number of neurological disorders, both acute and chronic, and their complications are associated with aberrant neuroinflammatory activity.Here we describe a model of self-limiting acute brain inflammation optimised to study mechanisms underlying inflammation resolution. Inflammation was induced by intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the temporal profile of key cellular and molecular changes were defined during the progression of the inflammatory response. The kinetics of accumulation and loss of neutrophils in the brain enabled well demarcated phases of inflammation to be operatively defined, including induction and resolution phases. Microglial reactivity and accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages were maximal at the onset of and during the resolution phase. We profiled the transcriptome-wide gene expression changes at representative induction and resolution timepoints and used gene coexpression network analysis to identify gene clusters. This revealed a distinct cluster of genes associated with inflammation resolution that were induced selectively or maximally during this phase and indicated an active programming of gene expression that may drive resolution as has been described in other tissues. Induction of gene networks involved in lysosomal function, lipid metabolism and a comparative switch to MHC-II antigen presentation (relative to MHC-I during induction) were prominent during the resolution phase. The restoration and/or further induction of microglial homeostatic signature genes was notable during the resolution phase.We propose the current model as a tractable reductionist system to complement more complex models for further understanding how inflammation resolution in the brain is regulated and as a platform for in vivo testing/screening of candidate resolution-modifying interventions. Our data highlight how resolution involves active cellular and transcriptome reprogramming and identify candidate gene networks associated with resolution-phase adaptations that warrant further study.
Corrosion behavior and adhesion strength of PEO/Epoxy duplex coating applied on aluminum alloy
Authors: Hosseini Rad Reza , Toorani Mansoor , Zarei HamidReza 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to increase protection behavior of epoxy coating on aluminum alloys with plasma electrolitic oxidation (PEO) process as pretreatment and to investigate the corrosion properties of duplex coating system on aluminum alloy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used micro structure study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigation, water uptake investigation and pull-off test.FindingsThis study was done to investigate the effect of urea as an additive, which alters the current density and time of process parameters in the protective performance of epoxy coating on the aluminum substrate. The protective behavior of double-layer coatings was examined using EIS in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. In addition, the adhesion strength of double-layer coatings was evaluated using pull-off test, and the results demonstrated that the adhesion strength of sample with higher content of urea and current density is about two times that of sample without PEO preparation.Originality/valueThe protective properties and adhesion strength of epoxy coating can be increased with PEO pretreatment.
Precipitation condition and effect of volume fraction on corrosion properties of secondary phase on casted super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750
Authors: Shin Byung-Hyun , Kim Dohyung , Park Sanghyup , Hwang Myungwon , Park Junghyun , Chung Wonsub 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The secondary phase decreased the corrosion resistance because of the segregation of Cr and Mo. Therefore, this paper aims to study the precipitation condition and the effect of secondary phase with volume fraction on corrosion behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary phase precipitated approximately from 375°C to 975°C because of saturated Cr and Mo at grain boundary by growth of austenite. Therefore, heat treatment from 800°C to 1,300°C was applied to start the precipitation of the secondary phase.

Findings
The secondary phase is precipitated at 1,020°C because of segregation by heterogeneous austenite. The growth of austenite at 1,000°C needs the time to saturate the Cr and Mo at grain boundary. When the volume fraction of austenite is 56 per cent (14 min at 1,000°C), the secondary phase is precipitated with grain boundary of austenite. The secondary phase increased the current density (corrosion rate) and decreased the passivation. That is checked to the critical pitting temperature (CPT) curves. The 1 per cent volume fraction of secondary phase decreased CPT to 60°C from 71°C.

Research limitations/implications
The precipitation of secondary phase not wants anyone. Casted super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) of big size precipitates the secondary phase. This study worked the precipitation condition and the suppression conditions of secondary phase.

Social implications
Manufacturers need precipitation condition to make high-performance SDSS.

Originality/value
The corrosion resistance of SDSS is hard the optimization because SDSS is dual-phase stainless steel. The precipitation of the secondary phase must be controlled to optimize of the corrosion resistance of SDSS. Anyone not studied the precipitation condition of secondary phase and the effect of secondary phase with volume fraction on corrosion behavior of SDSS.
A turning point in Sino–Canadian relations: 1968 and the favourable political climate
Authors: Li Simon K. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the key domestic conundrums which led to the possibility of rapprochement between Canada and the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a “low politics” approach which emphasizes on individual actors and domestic issues that led to Sino–Canadian rapprochement, this paper draws from both primary and secondary sources which include archives and various historical documents to examine domestic socio-political and economic factors that led to the improved relations between the two states.

Findings
Sino–Canadian rapprochement was, on the one hand, the result of an increase in liberal activism and intensive socio-political change during the Quiet Revolution in Quebec (where public opinions mattered for federal party leaders) as a consequence of the collapse of ultra-conservative and anti-communist policies under the Duplessis era. Meanwhile, the PRC’s worsening economic situation as a result of the Cultural Revolution and Sino-Soviet tensions of 1968 placed China in a desperate situation to seek foreign aid. With the emergence of Pierre Trudeau’s era and Zhou Enlai’s diplomatic expertise, a further dialogue emerged which subsequently led to the normalization of relations in 1970.

Originality/value
Usually Canadian scholars studying China regarded 1970 as the watershed in Sino–Canadian relations, but this paper is going to illustrate that even two years before the diplomatic rapprochement, a turning point had already occurred which is 1968.