bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Approaches to Post-Assembly Modification of Peptides by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind , Panguluri Nageswara 
Published: March 2019

We have summarized diverse synthetic approaches for the modification of peptides by employing transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. These methods can deliver unusual peptides suitable for peptidomimetics. To this end, several popular reactions such as Diels–Alder, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization, metathesis, Suzuki­–Miyaura cross-coupling, and Negishi coupling have been used to assemble modified peptides by post-assembly chemical modification strategies.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of a Cyclic α-Amino Acid Derivative via a Ring-Closing Metathesis Protocol3	Peptide Modification Using a Ring-Closing Metathesis Strategy4	Peptide Modification via a [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization Reaction5	Peptide Modification by Using [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization and Suzuki Coupling6	Peptide Modification via a Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling7	Peptide Modification via Cross-Enyne Metathesis and a Diels–Alder­ Reaction as Key Steps8	Peptide Modification via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions9	Modified Peptides via Negishi Coupling10	A Modified Dipeptide via Ethyl Isocyanoacetate11	Conclusions
Use of Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Gabriel Edmo , Mazza Camila , Mello Marina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMorbidity and mortality due to postoperative complications, related to inflammation and systemic oxidative stress, of coronary artery bypass grafting is high and inadmissible. It is suggested that numerous adverse outcomes may be caused by the systemic effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). One of the most damaging consequences of these events is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals, which originate from a variety of cellular and enzymatic sources, such as myocardial cells, activated neutrophils, or endothelial xanthine oxidase. Many studies have described the nature of these ROS and the time of their formation during CPB. With the goal of reducing these damages, studies have investigated the use of antioxidant supplements during CPB. The present study focused on the time course of the innate antioxidant activity (antioxidant enzymes and overall antioxidant capacity in plasma) in patients undergoing CABG. The methodology used was the literature review.
Mudanças no estilo de vida após primeira consulta em ambulatório de obesidade infantojuvenil
Authors: Beghetto Mariur , Specht Andréia , D'avila Helen , Mello Elza 
Published: March 2019

Objetivo Identificar as principais recomendações de mudanças no estilo de vida pactuadas e a adesão das crianças entre a primeira e segunda consulta ambulatorial.
Método Coorte retrospectiva. Foram analisados os dados dos atendimentos ambulatoriais realizados entre 1 de janeiro de 2008 e 30 de novembro de 2011 de crianças e adolescentes obesos, livres de doença genética ou de uso de medicamentos controlados. Na primeira consulta, foram propostas metas relacionadas aos hábitos de vida, aos hábitos alimentares e à atividade física. Foi considerada “adesão” quando o paciente relatou na segunda consulta que atingiu parcial/totalmente a pactuação. A análise foi realizada com o PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA). Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa.
Resultados Um total de 305 pacientes com idade média de 10 ± 3,8 anos foram analisados, dentre os quais 51,1% eram meninas; do total, 261 (85,6%) compareceram à primeira e à segunda consulta. Foram pactuados 401 desafios de mudança de hábitos alimentares (adesão de 86,8%), 264 de atividade física (adesão de 70,2%) e 218 hábitos de vida (adesão de 72,4%).
Conclusões Mudanças de hábitos alimentares foram mais recomendadas e tiveram maior adesão.
Current Knowledge of Occult Hepatitis B Infection and Clinical Implications
Authors: Yip Terry , Wong Grace 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a status of undetectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) yet detectable serum and/or intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Mutations in the preS1, preS2, and S regions of the HBsAg gene may result in undetectable HBsAg. OBI may either result from a self-limiting acute hepatitis, or in patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved HBsAg seroclearance, which refers to the loss of detectability of serum HBsAg with or without antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. HBsAg seroclearance contributes to a significant proportion of population in seropositive OBI. Both spontaneous and antiviral treatment-induced HBsAg seroclearance rarely happens; yet both types of HBsAg seroclearance are durable. CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance generally have a favorable clinical course. There is still a low yet definite risk of HCC occurrence, particularly in male CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance after being 50 years old. Clinical implications of OBI include occurrence of cirrhosis and HCC, liver transplantation, blood products transfusion, hemodialysis, and so on. A potentially life-threatening condition would be OBI reactivation in patients during immunosuppression therapy, especially in the setting of intensified immunosuppression including in onco-hematological patients (those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody [e.g., rituximab]). With more new insights into these two conditions, CHB patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance generally have benign clinical course and good prognosis. Sensitive assay for serum HBV DNA should be considered to establish the presence of OBI in the clinical settings mentioned earlier, which will affect the management plan.
Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Statins: Clinical Evidence and Plausible Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Gyuri , Kang Eun Seok 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStatins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis, and modulate the downstream signaling of the mevalonate pathway. In addition to the primary effect, the antitumor effect of statins can be associated with mevalonate pathway-mediated and nonmevalonate pathway-mediated mechanisms, which improve endothelial function and lead to proapoptotic, antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Statins are implicated in the improvement of metabolic status. Statins are orally available and safely and widely used for long-term treatment; they represent a novel approach for the prevention and treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although several observational studies and experimental studies have revealed the preventive and therapeutic potential of statins for HCC treatment, further prospective interventional studies and randomized control trials are warranted to confirm these observations.
Molecular dynamic simulation of bubble nucleation in a nanochannel with a groove
Authors: Zhang Longyan , Xu Jinliang , Lei Junpeng 
Published: March 2019

Molecular dynamics methods are used to investigate the effect of wall wettability and initial fluid density on the nucleation and growth of nanobubbles in a nanochannel with a groove. Surface wettability is controlled by adjusting the parameters of the solid-liquid potential energy and the results show that groove wettability greatly influences the bubble nucleation process. In the case of a groove with a weak solid-liquid interaction, fluid atoms in the groove are strongly affected by repulsive forces attributed to solid atoms, the density of the fluid atoms is low, and atomic collision frequency increases. The local activation energy is concentrated in the groove, resulting in bubble nucleation. In the case of a groove with a stronger solid-liquid interaction, the bubble is formed in the center of the nanochannel. In general, the bubble radius of curvature and contact angle remain unchanged during the growth process in the case of a uniform wettability nanochannel with a groove, while significant changes are observed for a nonuniform wettability nanochannel. The radius of curvature for the generated bubble increases with increasing fluid initial density, while the steady contact angle decreases.
At the request of the authors this paper is being retracted. This action is taken because in the simulation cases of β=0.3 and β=0.4, the temperature control method is incorrect, resulting in flawed simulation results in Figs. 8 and 9. In addition, the number of atoms (and hence the density) in the simulation box is also not correct due to errors in the initialization phase of the simulation. Thus, the calculated phase diagram in Fig. 2 is incorrect. The authors sincerely apologize for these errors and omissions and regret any inconvenience they may have caused.
Rapid initialization of retrogressive thaw slumps in the Canadian high Arctic and their response to climate and terrain factors
Authors: Ward Jones Melissa K , Pollard Wayne H , Jones Benjamin M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An increase in retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) activity has been observed in the Arctic in recent decades. However, a gap exists between observations in high Arctic polar desert regions where mean annual ground temperatures are as cold as −16.5 °C and vegetation coverage is sparse. In this study, we present a ∼30 year record of annual RTS observations (frequency and distribution) from 1989 to 2018 within the Eureka Sound Lowlands, Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands. Record summer warmth in 2011 and 2012 promoted rapid RTS initialization, increasing active slumps from 100 in a given year or less to over 200 regionally and promoting RTS initiation in previously unaffected terrain. Differential GPS and remote sensing observations of 12 RTSs initiated during this period (2011–2018) provided a mean headwall retreat rate for all RTSs of 6.2 m yr−1 and for specific RTSs up to 26.7 m yr−1. To better understand the dynamics of climate and terrain factors controlling RTS headwall retreat rates we explored RTS interactions by correlating headwall retreat with climate factors (thawing degree days, annual rainfall and annual snowfall) and terrain factors (aspect and slope). Our findings indicate a sensitivity of cold permafrost in the high Arctic to climate-driven thermokarst initiation, but the decoupling of RTS dynamics from climate appears to occur over time for individual RTS as terrain factors take on a greater role controlling headwall retreat. Detailed observations of thermokarst development in a high Arctic polar desert permafrost setting are important as it demonstrates the sensitivity of this system to changes in summer temperatures and highlight differences to changes occurring in other Arctic permafrost regions.
A new-curvature cellular automata model of austenite grain growth
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wang Junsheng , Huang Houbing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A new-curvature three dimensional cellular automata model for grain coarsening is proposed. The model takes account of the effects of grain size on the local-curvature. The simulation results are analyzed from four aspects: grain growth kinetics, grain size distribution, dynamics of single grain, and topological properties. The grain growth kinetics of the present model is proved to agree well with the theoretical model of normal grain growth. The absolute values of average grain size are compared to the experimental results of a low alloy steel. The simulated grain size distribution can be satisfactorily described by the Werbull’s formula. The simulation results of single grain growth kinetics matches well with the Hillert’s theoretical model, and the topological properties are similar to Ding’s simulation results.
Limits of engagement? The sunshine policy, nuclear tests, and South Korean views of North Korea 1995–2013
Authors: Bae Joonbum 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Can positive domestic messages generated by a foreign policy of engagement toward another country change public views regarding that state? How resistant are such changes to events that contradict the positive messages? I argue that while positive government messages about an adversary can significantly improve public opinion, highly consequential foreign policy events that contradict the messages influence public opinion at the cost of elites’ ability to shape it through their messages. Such differing effects can lead to a polarization of opinion when the content of the messages and the nature of events diverge from each other. Leveraging the unpredictability of North Korea’s foreign policy behavior, the South Korean government’s sustained policy of engagement toward it during the years 1998–2007, and North Korea’s first two nuclear tests to examine the relative impact of consequential foreign policy events and elite messages on public opinion, I find strong evidence consistent with this argument.
Three-Dimensional Versus Rectangular Sticky Yellow Traps for Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Yee Wee L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The most effective traps tested against western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, have been the Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) rectangle made of styrene and the three-dimensional yellow Rebell cross made of polypropylene. However, three-dimensional YSS styrene traps have never been tested against this or any other fruit fly. The main objectives of this study were to determine the efficacies of 1) YSS cross, Rebell cross, YSS cylinder, and YSS rectangle traps, 2) Rebell cross versus Rebell rectangle traps, and 3) YSS tent versus YSS rectangle traps for R. indifferens. For 1), the YSS cross caught more flies than the Rebell cross of equivalent surface area and more than a smaller YSS cylinder, but not any more than a YSS rectangle of similar surface area as the YSS cross. For 2), a Rebell cross caught more flies than a rectangle of equivalent surface area made of Rebell panels. For 3), YSS tent and YSS rectangle traps of equivalent surface area did not differ in fly captures. Results suggest that the YSS cross was more effective than the Rebell cross due to its color and that when trap color is highly attractive, three-dimensional shape may be unimportant, whereas it could be when trap color is less attractive. A new trap modeled after the YSS cross, compact but with high trap surface area to increase fly captures, could be an effective option or addition to rectangles for monitoring R. indifferens.
A New Attribution to Dunstaple
Authors: Wright Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Since the publication of Bukofzer’s edition of John Dunstaple’s complete works in 1953, not one anonymous piece has been firmly attributed to the composer conjecturally. Scholars have understandably been reluctant to speculate on questions of authorship on the basis of style alone. At the same time it would be surprising if works by the most productive English composer of the period had not survived among the numerous anonymi that constitute such a high proportion of the fifteenth-century insular repertory. This article makes a case for Dunstaple’s authorship of an anonymous Credo bearing the designation ‘Anglicanum’ in one of its sources. It argues this case on the basis of the work’s close ties to some of the composer’s early mass music, and to one of his Credo settings in particular, demonstrating striking links—structural, stylistic, textual, and transmissional—both with this Credo and another by Dunstaple.
Transformation Chains, Associative Areas, and a Principle of Form for Anton Webern’s Twelve-tone Music
Authors: Moseley Brian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMuch of Webern’s twelve-tone music relies on conventional formal types to structure extended composition and long-range compositional strategy. This article describes how these forms were absorbed into his personal twelve-tone style through an exploration of three entwined techniques. His techniques of serial row chaining and associative organization create a deep musical hierarchy that is frequently navigated by a formal principle of large-scale complementation. The analyses appearing here are drawn from across Webern’s twelve-tone period and are elucidated through spatial representations that describe compositional potential and musical realization. In addition to providing a means for analytical interpretation, the analyses reveal how Webern’s fusion of form and twelve-tone technique resemble characteristics of the tonal system while amplifying basic axioms of serial composition.
Diagnostic Performance of T2Candida Among ICU Patients With Risk Factors for Invasive Candidiasis
Authors: Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Andersen Jakob S , Holten Mads Kristian , Krarup Kenneth B , Reiter Nanna , Schierbeck Jens , Helleberg Marie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Invasive candidiasis (IC) comprises candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Blood culture (BC) is the gold standard test, but sensitivity is low. T2Candida is a new diagnostic test. We investigated the performance of T2Candida, BC, and Candida mannan antigen (MAg) for detection of IC in a high-risk intensive care unit (ICU) population.

Methods
One-hundred twenty-six ICU patients at high risk of IC with sepsis despite 3 days of broad-spectrum antibiotics were included. Paired BC, T2Candida, and MAg were obtained twice weekly (334 sets). Patients were classified into proven, likely, possible, or unlikely IC based on patient record review.

Results
At enrollment, 92 (77%) patients were receiving antifungal therapy (mainly fluconazole 66%). Fifteen (11.9%) patients were positive by BC (n = 4), T2Candida (n = 11), or MAg (n = 10). The T2Candida species distribution at inclusion (Candida albicans/Candida tropicalis: 8/11 [72.3%] and Candida glabrata/Candida krusei: 3/11 [27.3%]) was supported by the identification of BC or colonizing isolates in 10/11 cases. Patients were classified with proven (11), likely (6), possible (11), and unlikely (98) IC. Defining IC as proven/proven&likely/proven&likely&possible, respectively, the sensitivity was as follows: T2Candida (55%/59%/39%), BC (45%/29%/ 8%), and MAg (36%/41%/32%). The negative predictive value was similar across the tests for proven vs others and proven/likely vs others (94%–96% and 90%–95%, respectively). For test combinations including T2Candida, the sensitivity increased to 64%–65%, without hampering the positive predictive value.

Conclusions
In conclusion, although the diagnostic performance was modest for all the tests, the combination of T2Candida and BC seemed to have the best diagnostic performance, and thus implementation of T2Candida may improve the diagnosis of IC.
‘A voice from over the Sea’: Shelley’s Mask of Anarchy, Peterloo, and the English Radical Press
Authors: Connell Philip 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Shelley’s poetic response to the Peterloo massacre, The Mask of Anarchy, was crucially informed by printed news sources relating to the momentous events in Manchester of 16 August 1819. Hitherto our knowledge of those sources has been confined to Leigh Hunt’s Examiner newspaper. This article re-examines the available evidence and argues that Shelley may well also have drawn on the accounts of Peterloo written by the radical journalist and freethinker, Richard Carlile. It traces the connections between Carlile and the Shelley circle in London during 1819 (including Hunt, Thomas Love Peacock, William Godwin, and Thomas Jefferson Hogg), and identifies a number of suggestive verbal parallels between Shelley’s Mask and Carlile’s prose. But there were also important political differences between the two men; an appreciation of those differences throws new light on the Mask’s ambivalent attitude to the prospect of revolution, and Shelley’s strident advocacy of non-violent resistance to state-sponsored oppression.
Construction and validation of a short multidisciplinary research performance questionnaire (SMRPQ)
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Siegel Stefan , Dresel Markus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch is often specialized and varies in its nature between disciplines, making it difficult to assess and compare the performance of individual researchers. Specific qualitative and quantitative indicators are usually complex and do not work equally well for different research fields. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop an economical questionnaire that is valid across disciplines. We constructed a Short Multidisciplinary Research Performance Questionnaire (SMRPQ), with which researchers can briefly report 11 quantitative and qualitative performance aspects from four areas (research quality, facilitation, transfer/exchange, and reputation) in relation to their peer reference groups (fellow researchers with the same status and discipline). To validate this questionnaire, 557 German researchers from Physics, History, and Psychology fields (53% male, 34% post-docs, and 19% full professors) completed it, and for the purpose of convergent and discriminant validation additionally made assessments regarding specific quantitative and qualitative indicators of research performance as well as affective, cognitive, and behavioural aspects of their research activities (perceptions of positive affect, help-seeking, and procrastination). The results attested reliable measurement, endorsed the postulated structure of the newly developed instrument, and confirmed its invariance across the three disciplines. The SMRPQ and the validation measure were strongly positively correlated, and both demonstrated similar associations with affect, cognition, and behaviour at work. Therefore, it can be considered a valid and economical approach for assessing research performance of individual researchers across different disciplines, especially within nomothetic research (e.g. regarding personal antecedents of successful research).
An update on shellfish allergy
Authors: Wong Lydia , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Lee Bee Wah 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Shellfish is an important cause of food allergy worldwide, and a major cause of food-triggered anaphylaxis. Despite the wide variety of shellfish, there is considerable serological and clinical cross-reactivity of major shellfish allergens, and accurate diagnosis remains a challenge in the management of shellfish allergy.

Recent findings
Novel minor allergens have been discovered and characterized, and advances in component resolved diagnostics have provided insights into the prevalence of sensitization and their clinical importance in shellfish allergy. The extensive cross-reactivity between tropomyosin of house-dust mite and crustacean shellfish has been postulated to be the cause of a proposed mite-shellfish oral allergy syndrome.

Summary
More studies in food challenge-proven patients are required to establish the true prevalence and natural history of shellfish allergy. Refinement of component resolved diagnostics and testing for minor allergens may be helpful in developing more precise species-specific tests. Further investigation into the role of tropomyosin in house-dust mite and shellfish allergies may provide novel immunotherapeutic approaches for shellfish allergy.