bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury Masked by Malnutrition: A Case Report and the Problem of Protein
Authors: Schwartz Emily , Hillyer Robert , Foley Jessica , Willcutts Kate , Ziegler Jane 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common among critically ill patients. There are a number of nutrition considerations in the management of AKI, including fluid balance, electrolyte and acid‐base disturbances, protein provision, and management of comorbid conditions. The optimal amount of protein provision for patients with AKI who are not on renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been a topic of debate for years. Excessive protein provision may contribute to azotemia in these patients, but inadequate protein intake may harm nutrition status and result in poorer clinical outcomes. This review discusses a patient case of AKI masked by malnutrition and muscle loss and reviews the current literature on optimal protein intake in AKI (not on RRT). Based on a structured search strategy, 4 articles were reviewed. We conclude that the available evidence suggests that significant restrictions in protein intake are not necessary for those critically ill patients with AKI. However, the studies reviewed here showed significant heterogeneity in protein dose and delivery, estimation of protein needs, patient population, and definition of AKI, and thus further research is needed to systematically determine the optimal dose of protein for critically ill adults with AKI.
Sideroblastic anemia associated with multisystem mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Tesarova Marketa , Vondrackova Alzbeta , Stufkova Hana , Veprekova Lenka , Stranecky Viktor , Berankova Kamila , Hansikova Hana , Magner Martin , Galoova Natalia , Honzik Tomas , Vodickova Elena , Stary Jan , Zeman Jiri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSideroblastic anemia represents a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired diseases with disrupted erythroblast iron utilization, ineffective erythropoiesis, and variable systemic iron overload. In a cohort of 421 patients with multisystem mitochondrial diseases, refractory anemia was found in 8 children.ResultsFive children had sideroblastic anemia with increased numbers of ring sideroblasts >15%. Two of the children had a fatal course of MLASA1 syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia [SA]) due to a homozygous, 6‐kb deletion in the PUS1 gene, part of the six‐member family of pseudouridine synthases (pseudouridylases). Large homozygous deletions represent a novel cause of presumed PUS1‐loss‐of‐function phenotype. The other three children with SA had Pearson syndrome (PS) due to mtDNA deletions of 4 to 8 kb; two of these children showed early onset of PS and died due to repeated sepsis; the other child had later onset of PS and survived as the hematological parameters normalized and the disease transitioned to Kearns–Sayre syndrome. In addition, anemia without ring sideroblasts was found in three other patients with mitochondrial disorders, including two children with later onset of PS and one child with failure to thrive, microcephaly, developmental delay, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and renal tubular acidosis due to the heterozygous mutations c.610A>G (p.Asn204Asp) and c.674C>T (p.Pro225Leu) in the COX10 gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor.ConclusionsSideroblastic anemia was found in fewer than 1.2% of patients with multisystem mitochondrial disease, and it was usually associated with an unfavorable prognosis.
Effects of chiral center on an all‐hydrocarbon tethered peptide
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Hu Kuan , Geng Hao , Liu Zhihong , Yin Feng , Li Zigang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecently, our group reported that a precisely positioned chiral center on a thioether tether could dominate the backbone peptides' secondary structures and modulate the peptides' biophysical properties. Helical peptides constructed with this chirality induced helicity (CIH) method were named as CIH peptide. In this work, we examined the effects of substituting the thioether tether with an all hydrocarbon tether for the biophysical property differences. Two peptide epimers were prepared and showed distinct secondary structures and the R epimer is helical. Comparing with its thioether counterpart, the all‐hydrocarbon R epimer showed slightly higher helical content, modest improved binding affinity with mammal double minute 2 (MDM2), while similar cell permeability and slightly higher membrane toxicity.
Diazepam is not a direct allosteric modulator of α1‐adrenoceptors, but modulates receptor signaling by inhibiting phosphodiesterase‐4
Authors: Williams Lisa M. , He Xiaoji , Vaid Tasneem M. , Abdul‐Ridha Alaa , Whitehead Alice R. , Gooley Paul R. , Bathgate Ross A.D. , Williams Spencer J. , Scott Daniel J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstractα1A‐ and α1B‐adrenoceptors (ARs) are G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by adrenaline and noradrenaline to modulate smooth muscle contraction in the periphery, and neuronal outputs in the central nervous system (CNS). α1A‐ and α1B‐AR are clinically targeted with antagonists for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia and are emerging CNS targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The benzodiazepines midazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam are proposed to be positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α1‐ARs. Here, using thermostabilized, purified, α1A‐ and α1B‐ARs, we sought to identify the benzodiazepine binding site and modulatory mechanism to inform the design of selective PAMs. However, using a combination of biophysical approaches no evidence was found for direct binding of several benzodiazepines to purified, stabilized α1A‐ and α1B‐ARs. Similarly, in cell‐based assays expressing unmodified α1A‐ and α1B‐ARs, benzodiazepine treatment had no effect on fluorescent ligand binding, agonist‐stimulated Ca2+ release, or G protein activation. In contrast, several benzodiazepines positively modulated phenylephrine stimulation of a cAMP response element pathway by α1A‐ and α1B‐ARs; however, this was shown to be caused by off‐target inhibition of phosphodiesterases, known targets of diazepam. This study highlights how purified, stabilized GPCRs are useful for validating allosteric ligand binding and that care needs to be taken before assigning new targets to benzodiazepines.
Theoretical Analysis of Materials, used in Energy Storage Applications: the Quest for Robust and Accurate Computational Methodologies
Authors: Shishkin Maxim , Sato Hirofumi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStudy of materials, used as constituents for energy storage devices (e. g. Li‐ or Na‐ion batteries) has been greatly enhanced by the first principles theoretical modeling. As a prerequisite, accurate computational framework should be employed in order to provide adequate description of studied materials in close agreement with available experimental data. In this account we present our approach to formulation of a suite of computational techniques, that can be used for accurate evaluation of key materials properties with a moderate computational cost. Using the results of our calculations, we show that Hubbard corrected DFT+U method with self‐consistent evaluation of U parameters employing linear response approach can be used for accurate evaluation of redox potentials of cathode materials, although in some cases (e. g. Fe sulfates), addition of other corrections may be required. Moreover, we also provide examples of applications of developed techniques for construction of phase diagrams of cathode materials and analysis of the effects of doping of NaMnO2 cathodes. Finally, we discuss possible directions for future development of computational methodologies and propose new avenues for their applications in battery research.
Towards on‐the‐fly X‐ray fluorescence mapping in the soft X‐ray regime
Authors: Bombelli Luca , Manotti Michele , Altissimo Matteo , Kourousias George , Alberti Roberto , Gianoncelli Alessandra 
Published: December 2018

The possibility of fast X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging using on‐the‐fly acquisition is very attractive due to its high acquisition speed. The underlying assumption is that there must be a meaningful flux of XRF emitted photons collected by the detectors. On‐the‐fly XRF has already been demonstrated at mid‐to‐high X‐ray energies, both for laboratory and synchrotron‐based instruments.In this manuscript, we report on the capability of DANTE digital pulse processor (DPP) in the soft X‐ray regime. DANTE is a novel compact and low‐power DPP with high energy resolution and high count rate. This work presents preliminary measurements performed at the TwinMic beamline at Elettra synchrotron (Trieste, Italy) addressing the feasibility of on‐the‐fly low energy XRF imaging.
Introduction to Volume 2—The “Twisted Road” to Auschwitz
Authors: Russell Nestar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, Russell provides the reader with an insightful yet concise overview of Volume 1’s key arguments and conclusions (in fact, if the reader is cognizant of Stanley Milgram’s Obedience studies, this overview makes it possible for those most interested in the Holocaust to read Volume 2 without having read Volume 1). Russell also presents the intended direction that, in the remainder of Volume 2, he plans on pursuing—the specific Milgram-Holocaust linkage.
The Nazi Regime—Ideology, Ascendancy, and Consensus
Authors: Russell Nestar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, Russell delineates the Nazi regime’s construction and promulgation of an ideology that saw many ordinary and mildly antisemitic Germans condone or feel indifferent about the infliction of harm on Jews and other “sub-humans.” Much like the Obedience study’s persuasion phase (see Volume 1), Russell argues that the Nazi regime ensured that Germany’s “informational and social field” underwent a “calculated restructuring.” A key consequence of this indoctrination process for many Germans was that the harming of certain others was morally inverted into a social good.
Mind This Gap, Too: Political Orientations of People with Disabilities in Europe
Authors: Reher Stefanie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeople with disabilities constitute one of the largest minority groups in Europe, and yet our knowledge about how they relate to the political system remains limited. In addition to facing practical barriers such as inaccessible campaign material and polling stations, they often have fewer resources that facilitate and promote confidence and engagement in politics. Moreover, experiences of discrimination and low numbers of politicians with disabilities can generate feelings of disempowerment. Using European Social Survey data from 30 countries from 2002 to 2015, this study shows that people with disabilities have lower levels of internal and external efficacy, political trust and interest, and electoral participation. The disparities in internal efficacy and political interest disappear when accounting for education, income, employment, and social contact. Meanwhile, significant gaps in external efficacy, political trust, and turnout remain to be explained. Perceptions of discrimination strengthen the internal efficacy and political interest of citizens with disabilities but further decrease their external efficacy, political trust, and turnout. The study sheds light on a frequently overlooked dimension of political inequality, provides insights on several contributing factors, and highlights where further research is needed.
From Basic Research to Molecular Breeding — Chinese Scientists Play A Central Role in Boosting World Rice Production
Authors: Tang Ding , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
On November 18, 2018, the Future Science Prize Awarding Ceremony was held in Beijing. In the area of life science, Professors Jiayang Li, Longping Yuan, and Qifa Zhang shared the prize for their pioneering contributions in producing high-yield, superior-quality rice through systematic study of molecular mechanisms associated with specific rice features and application of novel approaches in rice breeding. The Future Science Prize is also touted as “China’s Nobel Prize”, fully affirming their achievements in rice basic research and breeding.
How do people explore a large concourse in university campus? A computational analysis
Authors: Kim Youngchul , Kim Tae Wan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Large concourses have been developed in shopping malls, bus and train terminals, concert, theatre halls, and other places where people stand or/and are in constant motion. This study aims to develop a novel method to analyze people's space use and navigation, demonstrate how people explore a large space, specifically a concourse in a university, and determine relationships of space with people's movements and activities. By collecting empirical data of spatial uses in a large concourse and implementing a method of spatial analysis based on spatial grids to analyze such data, this study seeks to verify how effectively people's movements and activities can be established in a large space and which features have significant effect in developing and managing a large space. A total of 865 activities in 265 days were collected and analyzed in a large space of a concourse in a university campus. By adopting a locational-based method of geographical analysis, the proposed method effectively illustrated relationships of people's movement, activities, and satisfaction in visual and quantitative values. As a result, spatial features were found to be significant elements in improving spatial satisfaction. Space environment performance, spatial form, user capacity, equipment adequacy, and equipment conditions were major spatial features considered for improving people's satisfaction in a large space.
Highlights We proposed a new multi-layer-grid-based analysis method for a large indoor built environment. People's movements, activities, and satisfaction in a large indoor space were collected, traced, and analyzed. We quantified relationships among movements, activities, spatial features and satisfaction in a large indoor space. Assumption of causal symmetry between spatial features and people's behavior was tested with empirical data.
Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Air Pollution Control in the Indian Power Sector
Authors: Cropper Maureen L. , Guttikunda Sarath , Jawahar Puja , Lazri Zachary , Malik Kabir , Song Xiao-Peng , Yao Xinlu 
Published: December 2018

Air pollution is a persistent and well-established public health problem in India: emissions from coal-fired power plants have been associated with over 80,000 premature deaths in 2015. Premature deaths could rise by four to five times this number by 2050 without additional pollution controls. We site a model 500 MW coal-fired electricity generating unit at eight locations in India and examine the benefits and costs of retrofitting the plant with a flue-gas desulfurization unit to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. We quantify the mortality benefits associated with the reduction in sulfates (fine particles) and value these benefits using estimates of the value per statistical life transferred to India from high income countries. The net benefits of scrubbing vary widely by location, reflecting differences in the size of the exposed population. They are highest at locations in the densely populated north of India, which are also among the poorest states in the country.
Social Representations About the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm: Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire for Portuguese Adults
Authors: Duarte Eva , Gouveia-Pereira Maria , Gomes Hugo S. , Sampaio Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present article focuses on the validation of the Questionnaire of Social Representations about the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm for adults. The understanding of the social representations about deliberate self-harm can be relevant for clinical intervention and prevention. However, there is still a lack of instruments to assess these representations. The basis for this instrument was the translation of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury. To complement this instrument, we conducted semi-directive interviews with adults without deliberate self-harm and analysed the Portuguese written press. Results from these studies complemented the questionnaire with new items and functions. Study 1 consisted of an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of 462 adults. Results revealed a two-factor structure of interpersonal and intrapersonal dimensions. After item reduction, the factorial analysis of the independent functions was also acceptable. This structure was then corroborated in Study 2 by a confirmatory factor analysis with a new sample of 474 adults, revealing an acceptable model fit. This questionnaire presents a relatively solid structure and is based on acceptable psychometric properties, which allows its use in future research.
Behavioural Insights in Consultation Design: A Dialogical Architecture
Authors: CAFAGGI Fabrizio , SILLARI Giacomo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract1In this paper, we examine consultation procedures in the light of behavioural sciences. We feature consultation as a dialogue between the administration and the participants in the form of a public good game with one or more tournaments. Our focus is on the architecture of the dialogue and its design. We propose three models characterised by the varying degrees of the interaction among participants, and between participants and the administration, occurring during the consultation process. We suggest that mapping stakeholders according to homogeneity of interest influences the structure and affects the dialogue taking place during the consultation process. We then examine the levels of efforts parties would engage in, defining models that maximise efforts and adjust for different cognitive stakeholders’ capabilities, advocating an empirical approach. The paper concludes with policy recommendations on how to improve the current consultation design deployed at EU and national level.
Evaluation of data accuracies within a comprehensive geospatial-health data surveillance platform: SOMAARTH Demographic Development and Environmental Surveillance Site, Palwal, Haryana, India
Authors: Howard Natasha J. , Dixit Shikha , Naqvi Hasan Raja , Rahman Atiqur , Paquet Catherine , Daniel Mark , Arora Narendra K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEvidence exists of an increasing prevalence of chronic conditions within developed and developing nations, notably for priority population groups. The need for the collection of geospatial data to monitor the health impact of rapid social-environmental and economic changes occurring in these countries is being increasingly recognized. Rigorous accuracy assessment of such geospatial data is required to enable error estimation, and ultimately, data utility for exploring population health. This research outlines findings from a field-based evaluation exercise of the SOMAARTH DDESS geospatial-health platform. Participatory-based mixed methods have been employed within Palwal-India to capture villager perspectives on built infrastructure across 51 villages. This study, conducted in 2013, included an assessment of data element position and attribute accuracy undertaken in six villages, documenting mapping errors and land parcel changes. Descriptive analyses of 5.1% (n = 455) of land parcels highlighted some discrepancies in position (6.4%) and attribute (4.2%) accuracy, and land parcel changes (17.4%). Furthermore, the evaluation led to a refinement of the existing geospatial health platform incorporating ground-truthed reflections from the participatory field exercise. The evaluation of geospatial data accuracies contributes to understandings on global public health surveillance systems, outlining the need to systematically consider assessment of environmental features in relation to lifestyle-related diseases.
Ambiguities of Radicalism After Insurgents Become Rulers: Conflicting Pressures on Revolutionary State Power in Western Sahara’s Liberation Movement
Authors: Wilson Alice 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArmed insurgents seeking to seize the state often aim to transform the nature of state power. Yet for insurgents who become ruling authorities, how do radical visions of state power influence governance after the urgency of war? This article examines state-building in the liberation movement for Western Sahara, a partially recognized state which has ruled an exiled civilian Sahrawi population in Algeria from wartime through to a prolonged ceasefire. Drawing on in-depth qualitative fieldwork, and engaging with theories of radicalism, post-war sociopolitical reconstruction and anomalous forms of state power, the article traces how post-ceasefire international and domestic contexts created conflicting pressures and opportunities for both the moderation, and the continuation, of Sahrawi refugees’ wartime radical governance. This case of insurgents-turned-rulers suggests how radicalism and moderation are overlapping processes, how moderation is not necessarily an ‘undoing’ of radicalism, and how radical ideas matter for leadership and grassroots militants in different ways.
Pressure-driven flow of a vesicle through a square microchannel
Authors: Barakat Joseph M. , Ahmmed Shamim M. , Vanapalli Siva A. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G. 
Published: December 2018

The relative velocity and extra pressure drop of a single vesicle flowing through a square microchannel are quantified via boundary element simulations, lubrication theory and microfluidic experiments. The vesicle is modelled as a fluid sac enclosed by an inextensible, fluidic membrane with a negligible bending stiffness. All results are parametrized in terms of the vesicle sphericity (i.e. the reduced volume) and flow confinement (i.e. the ratio of the vesicle radius to the channel hydraulic radius). Direct comparison is made to previous studies of vesicle flow through circular tubes, revealing several distinct features of the square-channel geometry. Firstly, fluid in the suspending medium bypasses the vesicle through the corners of the channel, which in turn reduces the dissipation created by the vesicle. Secondly, the absence of rotational symmetry about the channel axis permits surface circulation in the membrane (tank treading), which in turn reduces the vesicle’s speed. At very high confinement, both theory and experiment indicate that the vesicle’s speed can be reduced below the mean speed of the suspending fluid through this mechanism. Finally, the contact area for lubrication is greatly reduced in the square-duct geometry, which in turn weakens the stress singularity predicted by lubrication theory. This fact directly leads to a breakdown of the lubrication approximation at low flow confinement, as verified by comparison to boundary element simulations. Since the only distinct property assumed of the membrane is its ability to preserve surface area locally, it is expected that the results of this study are applicable to other types of soft particles with immobilized surfaces (e.g. Pickering droplets, gel beads and biological cells).