bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative data of contact heat evoked potentials from the lower extremities
Authors: Rosner J. , Hostettler P. , Scheuren P. S. , Sirucek L. , Rinert J. , Curt A. , Kramer J. L. K. , Jutzeler C. R. , Hubli M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractContact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) have become an acknowledged research tool in the assessment of the integrity of the nociceptive system and gained importance in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected small fiber neuropathy. For the latter, normative values for CHEP amplitude and latency are indispensable for a clinically meaningful interpretation of the results gathered in patients. To this end, CHEPs were recorded in 100 healthy subjects over a wide age range (20–80 years) and from three different dermatomes of the lower extremities (L2, L5, and S2). A normal baseline (35–52 °C) and increased baseline stimulation (42–52 °C) were applied. Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of stimulation site, stimulation intensity, and sex on CHEP parameters (N2 latency, N2P2 amplitude, and NRS). Significant positive correlations of body height with N2 latency, and pain ratings with N2P2 amplitudes were observed. This is the first time that normative values have been obtained from multiple dermatomes of the lower extremities. The present dataset will facilitate the clinical application of CHEPs in the neurophysiological diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy and by discerning pathological findings help establish a proximal-distal gradient of nerve degeneration in polyneuropathies.
Experimentally induced metamorphosis in highly regenerative axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) under constant diet restructures microbiota
Authors: Demircan Turan , Ovezmyradov Guvanch , Yıldırım Berna , Keskin İlknur , İlhan Ayşe Elif , Fesçioğlu Ece Cana , Öztürk Gürkan , Yıldırım Süleyman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAxolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered salamander species and a model organism for regenerative and developmental biology. Despite life-long neoteny in nature and in captive-bred colonies, metamorphosis of these animals can be experimentally induced by administering Thyroid hormones (THs). However, microbiological consequences of this experimental procedure, such as host microbiota response, remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically compared host bacterial microbiota associated with skin, stomach, gut tissues and fecal samples, between neotenic and metamorphic axolotls based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results show that distinct bacterial communities inhabit individual organs of axolotl and undergo substantial restructuring through metamorphosis. Skin microbiota among others, shifted sharply, as highlighted by a major transition from Firmicutes-enriched to Proteobacteria-enriched relative abundance and precipitously decreased diversity. Fecal microbiota of neotenic and metamorphic axolotl shared relatively higher similarity, suggesting that diet continues to shape microbiota despite fundamental transformations in the host digestive organs. We also reproduced the previous finding on reduction in regenerative capacity in limbs of axolotl following metamorphosis, highlighting the need to investigate whether shifts in microbiota is causally linked to regenerative capacity of axolotl. The initial results on axolotl microbiota provide novel insights into microbiological aspects of axolotl metamorphosis and will establish a baseline for future in-depth studies.
Food Chemicals Disrupt Human Gut Microbiota Activity And Impact Intestinal Homeostasis As Revealed By In Vitro Systems
Authors: Defois Clémence , Ratel Jérémy , Garrait Ghislain , Denis Sylvain , Le Goff Olivier , Talvas Jérémie , Mosoni Pascale , Engel Erwan , Peyret Pierre 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that the human gut microbiota interacts with xenobiotics, including persistent organic pollutants and foodborne chemicals. The toxicological relevance of the gut microbiota-pollutant interplay is of great concern since chemicals may disrupt gut microbiota functions, with a potential impairment of host homeostasis. Herein we report within batch fermentation systems the impact of food contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, brominated flame retardants, dioxins, pesticides and heterocyclic amines) on the human gut microbiota by metatranscriptome and volatolome i.e. “volatile organic compounds” analyses. Inflammatory host cell response caused by microbial metabolites following the pollutants-gut microbiota interaction, was evaluated on intestinal epithelial TC7 cells. Changes in the volatolome pattern analyzed via solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry mainly resulted in an imbalance in sulfur, phenolic and ester compounds. An increase in microbial gene expression related to lipid metabolism processes as well as the plasma membrane, periplasmic space, protein kinase activity and receptor activity was observed following dioxin, brominated flame retardant and heterocyclic amine exposure. Conversely, all food contaminants tested induced a decreased in microbial transcript levels related to ribosome, translation and nucleic acid binding. Finally, we demonstrated that gut microbiota metabolites resulting from pollutant disturbances may promote the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state in the gut, as stated with the release of cytokine IL-8 by intestinal epithelial cells.
The case for rejecting the memristor as a fundamental circuit element
Authors: Abraham Isaac 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe memory resistor with the moniker memristor was a harmless postulate in 1971. Since 2008 a device that claims to be the memristor is on the prowl, seeking recognition as a fundamental circuit element, sometimes wanting electronics textbooks to be rewritten, always promising remarkable digital, analog and neuromorphic computing possibilities. A systematic discussion about the fundamental nature of the device is almost absent within the memristor community. Advocates use incomplete constitutive relationships, ignore concepts of activity/passivity and aver that nonlinearity is central to their case. Few researchers have examined these claims. Our report investigates the assertion that the memristor is a fundamental passive circuit element, from the fresh perspective that electrical engineering is the science of charge management. We demonstrate with a periodic table of fundamental elements that the 2008 memristor is not the 1971 postulate and neither of them is fundamental. The ideal memristor is an unphysical active device and any physically realizable memristor is a nonlinear composition of resistors with active hysteresis. We also show that there exists only three fundamental passive circuit elements.
A blockade of PI3Kγ signaling effectively mitigates angiotensin II-induced renal injury and fibrosis in a mouse model
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Xia Yunfeng , Zeng Liyi , Zhang Xi , Chen Liqun , Yan Shujuan , Zhang Ruyi , Zhao Chen , Zeng Zongyue , Shu Yi , Huang Shifeng , Lei Jiayan , Yuan Chengfu , Zhang Linghuan , Feng Yixiao , Liu Wei , Huang Bo , Zhang Bo , Luo Wenping , Wang Xi , Zhang Hongmei , Haydon Rex C. , Luu Hue H. , He Tong-Chuan , Gan Hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a formidable challenge for public healthcare worldwide as vast majority of patients with CKD are also at risk of accelerated cardiovascular disease and death. Renal fibrosis is the common manifestation of CKD that usually leads to end-stage renal disease although the molecular events leading to chronic renal fibrosis and eventually chronic renal failure remain to be fully understood. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that an aberrant activation of PI3Kγ signaling may play an important role in regulating profibrotic phenotypes. Here, we investigate whether a blockade of PI3Kγ signaling exerts any beneficial effect on alleviating kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Using a mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal damage, we demonstrate that PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240 effectively mitigates Ang II-induced increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, renal interstitial collagen deposition, the accumulation of ECM proteins and the expression of α-Sma and fibrosis-related genes in vivo. Mechanistically, we reveal that AS605240 effectively inhibits Ang II-induced cell proliferation and phosphorylation of Akt in fibroblast cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ang II-upregulated expression of IL-6, Tnf-α, IL-1β and Tgf-β1 is significantly attenuated in the mice treated with AS605240. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PI3Kγ may function as a critical mediator of Ang II-induced renal injury and fibrosis. It is thus conceivable that targeted inhibition of PI3Kγ signaling may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to the clinical management of renal fibrosis, renal hypertension and/or CKD.
An approach to predict the height of fractured water-conducting zone of coal roof strata using random forest regression
Authors: Zhao Dekang , Wu Qiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater inrushes from coal-roof strata account for a great proportion of coal mine accidents, and the height of fractured water-conducting zone (FWCZ) is of significant importance for the safe production of coal mines. A novel and promising model for predicting the height of FWCZ was proposed based on random forest regression (RFR), which is a powerful intelligent machine learning algorithm. RFR has high prediction accuracy and is robust in dealing with the complicated and non-linear problems. Also, it can evaluate the importance of the variables. In this study, the proposed model was applied to Hongliu Coal Mine in Northwest China. 85 field measured samples were collected in total, with 60 samples (70%) used for training and 20 (30%) used for validation. For comparison, a support vector machine (SVM) model was also constructed for the prediction. The results show that the two models are in accordance with the field measured data, and RFR shows a better performance on good tolerance to outliers and noises and efficiently on high-dimensional data sets. It is demonstrated that RFR is more practicable and accurate to predict the height of FWCZ. The achievements will be helpful in preventing and controlling the water inrushes from coal-roof strata, and also can be extended to various engineering applications.
Electronic excitations stabilized by a degenerate electron gas in semiconductors
Authors: Nenstiel C. , Callsen G. , Nippert F. , Kure T. , Schlichting S. , Jankowski N. , Hoffmann M. P. , Dadgar A. , Fritze S. , Krost A. , Wagner M. R. , Hoffmann A. , Bechstedt F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExcitons in semiconductors and insulators consist of fermionic subsystems, electrons and holes, whose attractive interaction facilitates bound quasiparticles with quasi-bosonic character. In the presence of a degenerate electron gas, such excitons dissociate due to free carrier screening. Despite their absence, we found pronounced emission traces in the below-band-edge region of bulk, germanium-doped GaN up to a temperature of 100 K, mimicking sharp spectral features at high free electron concentrations (3.4E19–8.9E19 cm−3). Our interpretation of the data suggests that a degenerate, three-dimensional electron gas stabilizes a novel class of quasiparticles, which we name collexons. These many-particle complexes are formed by exchange of electrons with the Fermi gas. The potential observation of collexons and their stabilization with rising doping concentration is enabled by high crystal quality due to the almost ideal substitution of host atoms with dopants.
K-shell photoabsorption and photoionization of trace elements
Authors: Mendoza C. , Bautista M. A. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P. , Witthoeft M. C. , Kallman T. R. 
Published: July 2018

Context. This is the final report of a three-paper series on the K-shell photoabsorption and photoionization of trace elements (low cosmic abundance), namely F, Na, P, Cl, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn. K lines and edges from such elements are observed in the X-ray spectra of supernova remnants, galaxy clusters, and accreting black holes and neutron stars, their diagnostic potential being limited by poor atomic data.Aims. We here complete the previously reported radiative datasets with new photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections for isoelectronic sequences with electron number 19 ≤N≤ 26. We also describe the access to and integrity and usability of the whole resulting atomic database.Methods. Target representations were obtained with the atomic structure code AUTOSTRUCTURE. Where possible, cross sections for ground-configuration states were computed with the Breit–PauliR-matrix method (BPRM) in either intermediate orLScoupling including damping (radiative and Auger) effects; otherwise and more generally, they were generated in the isolated-resonance approximation with AUTOSTRUCTURE.Results. Cross sections were computed with BPRM only for the K (N= 19) and Ca (N= 20) isoelectronic sequences, the latter inLScoupling. For the remaining sequences (21 ≤N≤ 26), AUTOSTRUCTURE was run inLS-coupling mode taking into account damping effects. Comparisons between these two methods for K-like ZnXIIand Ca-like ZnXIshow that to ensure reasonable accuracy, theLScalculations must be performed taking into account the non-fine-structure relativistic corrections. The original data structures of the BPRM and AUTOSTRUCTURE output files, namely photoabsorption and total and partial photoionization cross sections, are maintained but supplemented with files detailing the target (NT-electron system, whereNT=N− 1) representations and photon states (N-electron system).Conclusions. We conclude that because of the large target size, the photoionization of ions withN> 20 involving inner-shell excitations rapidly leads to untractable BPRM calculations, and is then more effectively treated in the isolated resonance approximation with AUTOSTRUCTURE. This latter approximation by no means involves small calculations as Auger damping must be explicitly specified in the intricate decay routes.
Centaurs potentially in retrograde co-orbit resonance with Saturn
Authors: Li Miao , Huang Yukun , Gong Shengping 
Published: July 2018

Aims. The asteroid 2015 BZ509 is the first asteroid confirmed to be in retrograde co-orbit resonance (or 1/−1 resonance) with the giant planets in the solar system. While Saturn is the only giant planet whose trojans have not yet been discovered, we identify some small bodies among centaurs and damocloids that are potentially in 1/−1 resonance with Saturn in the present study.
Methods. We integrate numerically the motion of the 1000 clones (including the nominal orbit) of each centaur whose orbit has a semi-major axis between 9.3 au and 9.8 au and an inclination i > 90°. To confirm and evaluate the 1/−1 resonant configurations mentioned above, we introduce a useful one degree integrable approximation for planar 1/−1 resonance.
Results. We identify four candidates potentially in 1/−1 resonance with Saturn. The capture of candidates in this particular resonant state during the 40 000 yr integration time span is very common for 2006 RJ2 (906/1000 clones), 2006 BZ8 (878/1000 clones), and 2017 SV13 (998/1000 clones), and it is less likely for 2012 YE8 (426/1000 clones). According to our statistical results, 2006 RJ2 is the best candidate to be currently in a 1/−1 mean motion resonance with Saturn, and 2017 SV13 is another important potential candidate. Moreover, 2012 YE8 and 2006 BZ8 are also centaurs of interest but their current and long-term 1/−1 resonant state with Saturn is less likely. The proportions of the clones captured in the relative long-term stable co-orbit resonance (over 10 000 yr) are also given. The motions of the 2006 RJ2, 2015 BZ509, and 2006 BZ8 in the solar system are just around the ideal equilibrium points of the 1/−1 resonance given by the planar semi-analytical model.
Conclusions. Small bodies in retrograde co-orbit resonance with giant planets may be more common than previously expected. Identification of these potential mysterious minor bodies encourages the search for such objects on a larger scale in our solar system. The findings of this paper are also useful for understanding the origin and dynamical evolution of centaurs and damocloids on retrograde orbits.
Measuring turbulence and gas motions in galaxy clusters via syntheticAthenaX-IFU observations
Authors: Roncarelli M. , Gaspari M. , Ettori S. , Biffi V. , Brighenti F. , Bulbul E. , Clerc N. , Cucchetti E. , Pointecouteau E. , Rasia E. 
Published: July 2018

Context. The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) that will be on board theAthenatelescope will provide an unprecedented view of the intracluster medium (ICM) kinematics through the observation of gas velocity,ν, and velocity dispersion,w, via centroid-shift and broadening of emission lines, respectively.Aims. The improvement of data quality and quantity requires an assessment of the systematics associated with this new data analysis, namely biases, statistical and systematic errors, and possible correlations between the different measured quantities.Methods. We have developed an end-to-end X-IFU simulator that mimics a full X-ray spectral fitting analysis on a set of mock event lists, obtained using SIXTE. We have applied it to three hydrodynamical simulations of a Coma-like cluster that include the injection of turbulence. This allowed us to assess the ability of X-IFU to map five physical quantities in the cluster core: emission measure, temperature, metal abundance, velocity, and velocity dispersion. Finally, starting from our measurements maps, we computed the 2D structure function (SF) of emission measure fluctuations,νandw, and compared them with those derived directly from the simulations.Results. All quantities match with the input projected values without bias; the systematic errors were below 5%, except for velocity dispersion whose error reaches about 15%. Moreover, all measurements prove to be statistically independent, indicating the robustness of the fitting method. Most importantly, we recover the slope of the SFs in the inertial regime with excellent accuracy, but we observe a systematic excess in the normalization of both SFνand SFwascribed to the simplistic assumption of uniform and (bi-)Gaussian measurement errors.Conclusions. Our work highlights the excellent capabilities ofAthenaX-IFU in probing the thermodynamic and kinematic properties of the ICM. This will allow us to access the physics of its turbulent motions with unprecedented precision.
Kein Zuckerschlecken: die Betreuung von Neugeborenen diabetischer Mütter
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: July 2018

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,bei der Visite auf der Neugeborenenstation kann man mitunter den Eindruck gewinnen, als ob eine Entität, die man eher der Vergangenheit lückenhafter Schwangerenvorsorge zugeordnet hätte, unversehens in die Gegenwart der ganzheitlichen Perinatalmedizin zurückgekehrt sei: Während das Bild der diabetischen Fetopathie zeitweilig hauptsächlich in einschlägigen Lehrbuchkapiteln beheimatet zu sein schien, zählen Probleme, die sich mit einem absoluten oder relativen Insulinmangel der Mutter während der Schwangerschaft in Zusammenhang bringen lassen, allen voran Makrosomie, Polyglobulie und Hypoglykämie, in jeweils wechselnden Kombinationen mittlerweile wieder zum klinischen Alltag der Neonatologie. Mitursächlich hierfür ist sicherlich der aktuelle „Lifestyle“, ablesbar an dem in den letzten Jahren beträchtlich angestiegenen Body-Mass-Index der Schwangeren, der, wie es scheint, nicht immer in ausreichendem Maße als Risikofaktor für eine (prä)diabetische Stoffwechsellage wahrgenommen wird. Nicht selten heißt es aber auch, dass ein oraler Glukosetoleranztest in der Schwangerschaft doch negativ ausgefallen sei, obwohl der Augenschein für eine diabetische Konstellation spricht – was u. a. damit zu tun haben mag, dass der endokrin kompetente Fetus der insulinresistenten Schwangeren im fortgeschrittenen Gestationsalter als wirksamer endogener Glukoseverbraucher bzw. -speicher dienen kann.
Müttersterbefälle weltweit rückläufig, aber häufig vermeidbar!
Authors: Rath Werner , Tsikouras Panagiotis 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungLaut WHO ist die mütterliche Mortalitätsratio von 1990 bis 2015 weltweit um 44% gesunken, aber immer noch sterben mehr als 300 000 Mütter, davon 99% in den Entwicklungsländern. In einigen Industrieländern ist die Inzidenz mütterlicher Sterbefälle in den letzten 20 Jahren sogar angestiegen. Die führenden Ursachen direkter Müttersterbefälle sind Blutungen (ca. ¾ davon postpartale Blutungen), Lungenembolien einschließlich Fruchtwasserembolien und hypertensive Schwangerschaftserkrankungen, die indirekter Müttersterbefälle kardiale Erkrankungen der Mutter. Der wichtigste Schritt zur Vermeidung von Müttersterbefällen ist die sorgfältige Evaluation jedes Todesfalls durch ein multidisziplinäres Komitee von unabhängigen Experten, gefolgt von einer im Konsensus getragenen Übereinkunft über die zugrundeliegende Todesursache, die Qualität der Versorgung und ob der Müttersterbefall vermeidbar war oder nicht. Die UK Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity gelten international als Goldstandard zur Überwachung mütterlicher Sterbefälle. Unter Berücksichtigung von 11 Studien aus verschiedenen Industrieländern sind ca. 50% aller direkten Müttersterbefälle (Bereich: 26–75%) potentiell vermeidbar, am häufigsten Sterbefälle infolge postpartaler Blutungen und hypertensiver Schwangerschaftserkrankungen, am wenigsten Sterbefälle infolge Fruchtwasserembolien. Der entscheidende Punkt ist, aus Fehlern, die zum mütterlichen Tod geführt haben, zu lernen. Jede geburtshilfliche Abteilung sollte sorgfältig prüfen, ob und wo Verbesserungsbedarf besteht, um schwere mütterliche Morbidität und Mortalität zu vermeiden.
Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Erlic Zoran , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetabolic alterations in patients with hormonally active pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) have been described early on in the literature. The initial findings were related to disturbed glucose homeostasis and lipolysis activation, as well as elevated metabolic rates in affected patients. Similarly, from early autopsy reports, the presence of brown adipose tissue had been noted in PPGL patients. In more recent years, changes in body weight, fat mass and distribution have been analyzed in more detail in addition to activity of brown adipose tissue based on functional imaging techniques. Over the last decades, several larger case series and cohort studies have contributed towards the elucidation of possible mechanism contributing to these clinical observations. Herein, we summarize the clinical and experimental data regarding metabolic alterations and related clinical manifestations in PPGL patients.
Das Schaf als Versuchstier der Knochenbruchheilung – eine Normalwertanalyse
Authors: Grubert S. , Günter M. , Ekkernkamp A. , Schmidt J. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Ziel: Es sollte untersucht werden, ob beim Schaf,dem Standardtierzur Erforschung der Knochenbruchheilung, die laborchemischen Parameter zur Beschreibung des Knochenumbaus einem zirkadianen Rhythmus unterliegen und so die Deutung von laborchemischen Ergebnissen korrigiert werden muss. Material und Methode: Bei vier gesunden Tieren wurden die Laborwerte Osteocalcin, alkalische Phosphatase und N-terminale β-Crosslinks von Kollagen I (NTx) in einem festgelegten Rhythmus bestimmt und die Resultate statistisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Neben geschlechtsspezifischen Normalwerten konnten Schwankungen für die Werte Osteocalcin, alkalische Phosphatase und NTx sowohl im Tagesverlauf als auch im Monatsrhythmus nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Schwankungen sollten bei zukünftigen Versuchsreihen, insbesondere bei Substitutionsversuchen beachtet werden. Klinische Relevanz: Bei Substitutionsversuchen der Knochenbruchheilung sollten bei der Auswertung die Resultate um die Schwankungsbreite korrigiert werden.