bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review Paper on Recent Trends in Bio-nanotechnology: Implications and Potentials
Authors: Rohela Gulab K. , Srinivasulu Yelugu , Rathore Mahender S. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Nanotechnology, an advanced science discipline has proved to be vital in solving the major issues or problems, the present world is facing. Nanotechnology has already proved to be the science of revolutionizing agriculture, energy conversions, applied & medical science and other domains.Conclusion:In this paper, we present the recent developments taken place in bio-nanotechnology related to different forms of nanomaterial’s developed along with their application; overcoming hazardous effects of chemical pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides by promoting green and sustainable agriculture through the use of nanofertilizers, nano pesticides and detection & control of plant diseases by using nanoparticles; development of diagnostic tools for detection and control of human diseases; targeted delivery of drugs by using nanomaterial’s, protection of the environment through nanoparticles based pollution checking, bioremediation, renewable energy production and role of nanotechnology in applied sciences.
Core-Magnetic Composites Catalysts for the Valorization and Up-grading of the Renewable Feedstocks: A Minireview
Authors: Parvulescu Vasile I. , Coman Simona M. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Core-magnetic composites offer unique possibilities to accommodate adequate
amounts of acid-base and redox functional sites and hence to catalyze the biomass conversion
reactions in a one-pot way. Moreover, due to the dual functionality, the core-magnetic composites
provide a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Hence, this minireview aims to
offer a comprehensive account of remarkable recent applications of core-magnetic composites in the
catalytic processes for biomass valorization.

Methods:
A critical evaluation of synthetic methodologies utilized for the production of the magnetic
nanoparticles, characterization techniques and catalytic applications is provided.

Results:
The benefits of their utilization are exemplified by most representative examples of one-pot
transformation of cellulose and upgrading processes. Other recent examples constitute the lignin
fragmentation on magnetic iron oxide-based catalysts and the renewable crude glycerol up-grading
using core-shell magnetic iron oxide bio-based materials.

Conclusion:
The review provides important information on the distinctive properties of the functionalized
core-magnetic composites. Moreover, this review offers useful information affording a largescale
production development, in terms of catalyst and reaction conditions, tailoring selectivity, and
the potential to regenerate the catalysts.
Kentsel Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramı Ve Kentsel Sürdürülebilirliğin Sağlanmasında Kent Konseylerinin Rolü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KOCAOĞLU Mustafa , SERT Suzan 
Published: December 2018

1987 yılında
hazırlanmış olan Brundtland Raporu’nda tanımlanmış olan sürdürülebilir kalkınma
kavramı, genel olarak, “bugünün ihtiyaçlarının, sonraki nesillerin
ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönelik birikimin riske atılmadan karşılanması”na
odaklandığı görülmektedir. Söz konusu raporda sürdürülebilirlik kavramı ise “yoksulluk
ve yoksulluğun çevre üzerindeki tahakkümü”, “hızlı nüfus artışının ve nüfus
yoğunlaşmasının yaşam kalitesine yönelik olumsuz etkileri”, “çevre kaynaklarının
aşırı şekilde tüketilmesi” ile “kentsel büyüme ve kentlerin denetimsiz bir
şekilde yayılması”na yönelik sorunlar bağlamında ele alınmıştır ve kavram,
sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile bu yolla ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Çevre
sorunlarını ortadan kaldırmayı ve ekosistemi korumayı amaçlayan kentsel
sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın yerel düzeyde kentlere
uygulanmasıdır. Bu noktada kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında yerel
yönetimlere önemli görevler yüklenmiştir. Türkiye’de de kentsel
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında yerel yönetimlerin değişen rolüne koşut ve
Yerel Gündem 21 uygulamalarının bir sonucu olarak kent konseyi adındaki
mekanizmaları oluşturulmuştur.

Bu çalışmada
da öncelikle kavramsal ve kuramsal açıdan “sürdürülebilirlik”, “sürdürülebilir
kalkınma” ve “kentsel sürdürülebilirlik” kavramları ele alınacaktır. Daha
sonra, tarihsel süreç içerisinde söz konusu kavramların nasıl bir gelişim seyri
içerisinde günümüze geldiği, farklı düzeylerdeki hukuki metinler çerçevesinde
ele alınmıştır. Ardından, Türkiye’de kent konseylerinin yapı,
kuruluş ve işleyişi ayrıntılı biçimde irdelenecek ve ulusal düzlemdeki hukuki
dayanakları üzerinde durulacaktır. Nihayet, kent konseylerinin;
sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve kentsel sürdürülebilirlik
kavramları ile olan ilişkisi ve kent konseylerinin kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin
sağlanmasındaki rolü irdelenmiştir.
Early Christian Pilgrimage to a Byzantine Monastery in Jerusalem—A Dental Perspective
Authors: Ullinger Jaime M. 
Published: December 2018

The presence of 30 morphological traits was scored on over 1,500 teeth from a bone repository located at St. Stephen’s, an urban Byzantine monastery in Jerusalem. The frequencies of dental traits found in the sample were compared with frequencies of the same traits in seven other groups (compiled from published data) in order to determine possible biological affinities of the monks. The Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic was used to statistically analyze the phenetic/genetic similarity among the groups. The genetic background of this group of monks is interesting because historical sources suggest that many foreigners may have been present in monasteries during this time period as pilgrims. Some argue that their presence is exaggerated, however, and that the majority of monks were from the surrounding region. The results suggest that many of the monks were most likely from the region, but that the presence of foreigners (particularly European foreigners) cannot be ruled out using dental evidence.
Brief Communication: Occurrence of an Eighth Cusp on Primary Second Mandibular Molars of a Contemporary Argentinean Child
Authors: Rodríguez-Flórez Carlos David , Fonseca Gabriel Mario , De Villalba Maria Teresa 
Published: December 2018

The presence and asymmetry of an eighthcusp observed on the primary second mandibular molars of an Argentinean boy is described.
Comparison of Permanent Mandibular Molar Crown Dimensions between Mongolians and Caucasians
Authors: Hasegawa Yuh , Rogers James R. , Kageyama Ikuo , Nakahara Sen , Townsend Grant C. 
Published: December 2018

The aims of this study were to comparecrown dimensions of mandibular first molars (M1) andsecond molars (M2) between Mongolians (belonging tothe Khalkha-Mogol grouping) and Caucasians (NorthernEuropean ancestry) and to attempt to explain anyobserved differences in phylogenetic and ontogeneticterms. Materials in this study comprised dental casts of48 Mongolian female subjects with a mean age of 20.5years and 50 Caucasian female subjects with a mean ageof 21.5 years. For M1, the buccolingual diameters of bothmesial and distal crown components in Mongolianswere significantly larger than in Caucasians. For M2,the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the distal crown components in the Mongolian samplewere significantly larger and the mesiodistal andbuccolingual diameters of mesial components weresignificantly smaller compared with those of Caucasians.Common environmental effects, possibly related to theprenatal environment, as well as genetic influences,may be contributing to the differences in buccolingualdimensions of M1 between Mongolians and Caucasians.Given that the M2 develops later and over a longerperiod of time than the M1, it is reasonable to assumethat this tooth may be subject to greater environmentalpressures than applied to the M1.
Get Shorty: Steven Pinker on the Enlightenment
Authors: Harpham Geoffrey Galt 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Steven Pinker's Enlightenment Now makes a powerful argument that by every measure, the conditions of human life have been improving steadily for the past 200 years. This improvement can be attributed not just to the spread of the principles of enlightenment announced in the eighteenth century but also to the evolved properties of the human mind, which have been liberated by modernity. Pinker writes in support of this development and in opposition to the ideological and academic resistances to it. His book has itself generated resistance among those he criticizes, and while many of these criticisms are unwarranted, Pinker's book raises serious questions that it does not fully address.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN EGYPT 2015
Authors: ElAshmawy Wagdy R. , Bazid Abdelhamid I , Aboelkhair Mohamed , Sakr Mostafa A , Fayed Aysam M , Fawzy Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of highly contagious viral diseases of small ruminants with high economic losses due to the high morbidity and mortality. In Egypt, PPR in the last 10 years re-emerged again with high mortality in sheep flocks. There is no much data regarding the circulating Peste des petits ruminants’ virus and the epidemiological distribution in small ruminants. The study was carried out on a sheep flock of 50 rams aged of 9-12 months with clinical signs suggestive to PPR infection (fever, erosions of the buccal mucosa, pneumonia, diarrhea high morbidity and mortality). Buffy coat and lymph nodes from diseased and dead animals were sent for diagnosis and molecular diagnosis was confirmed using RT-PCR with specific primers targeting three genes; nucleo-capsid (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (H). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the PCR products and revealed that, the circulating virus is belonged to lineage IV along with Ethiopian strain.Key words: peste des petits ruminants; molecular; epidemiological; diagnosis; Egypt MOLEKULARNA EPIDEMIOLOŠKA ŠTUDIJA KUGE DROBNICE V EGIPTU LETA 2015Povzetek: Kuga drobnice (PPR; iz angl. peste des petits) je ena izmed zelo nalezljivih virusnih bolezni malih prežvekovalcev, ki zaradi visoke obolevnosti in umrljivosti povzroča visoke gospodarske izgube. V Egiptu se je v zadnjih desetih letih PPR znova pojavila z visoko smrtnostjo pri ovcah. O kugi drobnice in epidemiologiji te bolezni pri malih prežvekovalcih v literaturi ne najdemo veliko podatkov. Opisana raziskava je bila opravljena v čredi 50 ovnov, starih od 9 do 12 mesecev, s kliničnimi znaki, ki so kazali na prisotnost bolezni PPR (zvišana telesna temperatura, erozije ustne sluznice, pljučnica, driska, visoka obolevnost in smrtnost). Za natančno diagnosticiranje bolezni je bil uporabljen del krvi, pridobljen s centrifugiranjem, ki vsebuje veliko levkocitov in trombocitov (angl. Buffy coat) in bezgavke obolelih in mrtvih ovnov. Z uporabo specifičnih oligonukleotidov za določanje prisotnosti nukleotidne (N), fuzijske (F) in hemaglutininske (H). beljakovine v reakciji RT PCR smo na molekularnem nivoju potrdili prisotnost okužbe s povzročiteljem PPR. Analiza zaporedja genov in filogenetske analize so bile izvedene na produktih analize PCR, pri tem pa smo ugotovili, da virus pripada liniji IV skupaj z etiopijskim sevom.Ključne besede: kuga drobnice; molekularna diagnostika; epidemiologija; Egipt
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AVIAN POX VIRUS ISOLATED FROM PET BIRDS AND COMMERCIAL FLOCKS, IN IRAN
Authors: Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash , Hosseini Hossein , Morshed Rima 
Published: December 2018

Avian pox (AP) is a viral disease with a wide host range. The aim of the study was molecular identification and characterization of field isolated pox virus from pet birds and commercial flocks in Iran, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Scab materials of skin and mucosal lesions were collected from five clinically affected cases. PCR was used to amplify a 578 bp fragment of the poxvirus 4b core protein. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, this conserved poxvirus genetic region was sequenced and analyzed. The Iranian Avipoxvirus isolates in this study grouped in clade A1 (commercial chicken and turkey flocks) and B1 (canary). Further studies on a larger scale need to be developed to have a better understanding of the molecular characterization of the Iranian APV strains.Key words: avian pox; phylogenetic analysis; molecular characterization; Iran MOLEKULARNA KARAKTERIZACIJA IN FILOGENETSKA ANALIZA AVIARNEGA VIRUSA POX, IZOLIRANEGA PRI PETIH VRSTAH PTIC V KOMERICIALNIH JATAH V IRANUPovzetek: Osepnice ptic (AP, iz angl. avian pox) so virusna bolezen, ki lahko okužijo veliko različnih vrst ptic. Cilj predstavljene raziskave je bila molekularna identifikacija in karakterizacija izoliranih virusov pox, pridobljenih iz krast ljubiteljskih ptic in farmskih ptic v Iranu, s pomočjo metode PCR. Vzorci krast s področja sprememb na koži in sluznicah je bil zbran pri petih pacientih s kliničnimi znaki bolezni. S pomočjo metode PCR je bil pomnožen 578 baznih parov dolg odsek gena poxvirusa 4b. To ohranjeno območje poxvirusa je pomembno za določitev genskih razmerij med virusi, zato je bilo doloćeno zaporedje DNK za nadaljne analize. Iranska izolata Avipoxvirusa objavljena v tej študiji sta bila razvrščena v razred A1 (komercialne piščančje in puranje jate) in B1 (kanarčki). Za boljše razumevanje molekularne karakterizacije iranskih sevov virusa AP bo potrebno opraviti nadaljnje študije.Ključne besede: osepnice ptic; filogenetska analiza; molekularna karakterizacija; Iran
Estimation of Tobacco Products Price and Income Elasticity using Aggregate Data
Authors: Jovanovic Olivera , Zubović Jovan , Vladisavljević Marko , Bodrož Duško , Ljumović Isidora , Domazet Ivana , Đukić Mihajlo 
Published: December 2018

In order to estimate elasticity of demand for tobacco products authors of this paper used aggregate level data. Research among low and middle income countries over the world empirically showed that demand for tobacco products is usually inelastic. Analysis conducted in the Republic of Serbia showed that price elasticity ranged between -0.76 and -0.62 while income elasticity ranged between 0.34 and 0.39. The main aim of this paper is to estimate long run and short run demand elasticity based on aggregate level data for period 2002-2016 using Error Correction model. This research is unique in the SEE countries, while research conducted in other low and middle income countries in Western Balkan region showed similar results.
The Importance of Dedicated Dermatology Clinics in the Care of Organ Transplant Recipients.
Authors: Borges-Costa João , Hofbauer Günther FL 
Published: December 2018

Organ transplant recipients have a high risk of skin cancer associated with immunosuppressive therapy and ultraviolet radiation. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, in particular is up to 65-times higher than for the normal population. Field cancerization of sun- exposed skin is also a major health issue in these patients1.In Portugal there were 895 solid organ transplants in 2017, with the majority being kidney (529) and liver (259)2. There are already several publications concerning skin cancer in Portuguese organ transplant recipients, reporting a prevalence of non-melanoma skin cancer ranging from 15% to 25% in renal transplant recipients3,4,5and 8% in one series6that included more liver transplant recipients with relatively less immunosuppression.The sunny geographical location and sun exposure habits, namely the poor knowledge and adherence to photoprotective measures, such as hats, long-sleeved clothes or sunscreen while on outdoor work or leisure activities, pose serious difficulties for skin cancer prevention in this population. In one study concerning knowledge of sun protective measures in a population of Portuguese transplant recipients7, 29% did not know that their risk of skin cancer was increased, and 25% of those who went to the beach stayed there between 11.30 and 16:00 pm. Not surprisingly, only 8% consulted a dermatologist in the first year after transplant7.Different organizations like the Skin Care in Organ Transplant Recipients - Europe (SCOPE) or the International Transplant Skin Cancer Collaborative (ITSCC) together with institutions such as the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)8,9,10, recommend initial assessment of these patients by a dermatologist and providing them with education on photoprotection and self-examination of the skin. These patients also need regular follow-up with time intervals defined by their previous history of skin cancer and the presence of field cancerization of their sun-exposed skin. In such patients with previous skin cancer and detectable field cancerization, some authors11propose three months as time interval between appointments. Dedicated or specialist dermatology clinics for organ transplantation are recommended11,12,and have also been shown to improve compliance with photoprotection13. Their introduction in the main Portuguese referral hospitals for transplantation would allow earlier dermatological care, inclusion of dermatology among the specialties that collaborate in the transplant teams and reduction of the burden of skin cancer in these patients, saving lives and costs.
ANALISIS CUACA PADA SAAT PELAKSANAAN TMC PENANGGULANGAN BANJIR JAKARTA JANUARI FEBRUARI 2014
Authors: Mulyana Erwin 
Published: December 2018

AbstrakPada tanggal 11 Januari sampai dengan 14 Februari 2014 telah dilaksanakan penerapan teknologi modifikasi cuaca (TMC) untuk menanggulangi banjir di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Selama kegiatan tersebut fenomena ENSO dan IOD dalam kondisi normal. MJO menunjukkan aktifitas konvektif netral di wilayah Indonesia pada pertengahan Januari hingga pertengahan Februari 2014. Temperatur permukaan laut di perairan Jawa bagian barat sekitar 28-290C. Kelembagan udara pada level 850 mb sekitar 70-80%. Pertumbuhan awan umumnya berada di sebelah barat daya, barat dan barat laut Jakarta. Indeks Monsoon Australia positif berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pembentukan awan hujan di Jawa.Abstract Application of weather modification has carried out to reduce precipitation over Jakarta on 11 January to 14 February 2013. During this period, El Nino Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode were normal condition. The Madden Julian Oscillation shows that the convection over Indonesia region was netral condition. The sea surface temperature over west part of Java waters was 29-30 290C. The 850 mb average of relative humidity on mid January - mid February 2014 was 70-80%. Based on visual and weather radar observation, cloud development mainly over northwest to southwest of Jakarta. Positive Australian Summer Monsoon Index affected to increase precipitation over Java area.
The Discussion on the Principle of Universalizability in Moral Philosophy in the 1970s and 1980s: An Analysis
Authors: Loginov E. V. 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, I analyzed the discussion on the principle of universalizability which took place in moral philosophy in 1970–1980s. In short, I see two main problems that attracted more attention than others. The first problem is an opposition of universalizability and generalization. M.G. Singer argued for generalization argument, and R.M. Hare defended universalizability thesis. Hare tried to refute Singer’s position, using methods of ordinary language philosophy, and claimed that in ethics generalization is useless and misleading. I have examined Singer’s defense and concluded that he was right and Hare was mistaken. Consequently, generalization argument is better in clarification of the relationship between universality and morality than Hare’s doctrine of universalizability, and hence the universality of moral principles is not incompatible with the existence of exclusions. The second problem is the substantiation of the application of categorical imperative in the theory of relevant act descriptions and accurate understanding of the difference between maxims and non-maxims. In Generalization in Ethics, Singer drew attention to this theme and philosophers have proposed some suggestions to solve this problem. I describe ideas of H.J. Paton, H. Potter, O. O’Neill and M. Timmons. Paton coined the teleological-law theory. According to Potter, the best criterion for the relevant act descriptions is causal one. O’N eill suggested the inconsistency-of-intention theory. Timmons defended the causal-law theory. My claim is that the teleological-law theory and the causal-law theory fail to solve the relevant act descriptions problem and the causal criterion and the inconsistency-of-intention theory have their limits. From this, I conclude that these approaches cannot be the basis for clarifying the connection between universality and morality, in contrast to Singer’s approach, which, therefore, is better than others to clarify the nature of universality in morality.
Humanism, Humanitarian Values and the Search for the Foundations of Modern Bioethics
Authors: Przhilenskiy V. I. 
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the relationship of the axiological foundations of modern bioethics with casual and even incidental effects of the activity of scholars in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The author examine the ability of humanists to influence the formation of values system as well as the possibility of instrumentalizing these values in social practices. The study determines the entire causal complex that led to the formation of a special tradition of non-religious substantiation of values associated with the teaching and study of ancient languages in the context of the functioning of political and legal institutions and cultural and historical traditions of European states. The author considers the origins and meaning of humanism and the gradual change of its content as well as the transformation of humanistic experience into a tool of constructing ideals and values and an element of social technology. A special place is given to the analysis of attempts to form meta-ethics and bioethics within the framework of the value system of post-Soviet Russian society and the role of humanistic ideas in this process. On the example of the development of modern European philosophical thought, the controversial and problematic nature of various interpretations of humanism is shown, and the thesis of the historical conditionality of the ideals of humanism and its connection with some certain paradigms of metaphysic is confirmed. The central theme of the article is the problem of the relationship between the historical and conceptual, conditional and unconditional, contextual and universal in the heritage of the late medieval humanism. Technologization paths and contexts for the interpretation of humanistic ideas in modern Russia are outlined. The paper determines the ways of harmonization of humanitarian values and the system of their social and legal legitimation. On the example of the educational policy of higher education in recent decades, achievements and failures in the process of forming a new value system are analyzed. This value system could be used as a basis for legislative practice and state policy that would allow determining the basis of modern bioethics, which is of great importance for the development of Russian society and further improvement of the moral and legal foundations of its existence.