bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiemetic management preferences for paramedic providers: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Caffey Matthew R , Maria Sonja , Brewster Lyle , Ireland Matthew 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionParamedics are commonly called to complaints of nausea and vomiting with the treatment of these conditions being either antiemetics or palliative measures. Historically, there have been several antiemetics available to paramedics across Australia and New Zealand with their use varied dependent on each region of practice. The objective of this research was to create a snapshot in time and determine which antiemetics have been used by paramedics, their preferences of use, and their beliefs regarding each antiemetic.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional and online survey, paramedics from across Australia and New Zealand were invited to answer questions regarding their demographics, antiemetics used in practice and then preferences regarding these antiemetics. A 5-point Likert scale and free text qualitative answers were also used to identify particular views and beliefs on the efficacy of the varying antiemetics.Results476 paramedics participated in the study. The participants were predominantly male n=344 (72.3%). Ondansetron was found to be the most preferred antiemetic for general use in nausea and vomiting n = 378 (82%) with the second line choice being metoclopramide n = 62 (13.4%). Exceptions to this were for prochlorperazine, which showed a high preference for nausea related to migraine n=179 (56.2%) or vertigo or motion sickness n=243 (42%).ConclusionPreferences and decision making for choosing ondansetron over other antiemetics were primarily its efficacy, minimal side effects and availability. An exception to ondansetron’s preferred usage was prochlorperazine, which was the preferred medication for cases involving nausea with motion sickness or vertigo. Historically, metoclopramide has been the most common antiemetic in paramedic practice but is not generally preferred as first line due to its contraindications, perceived lower efficacy over other antiemetics and risk of side effects.
Archive of the Karatygin family: professional publications and handwritten materials
Authors: Khaitseva L. B. , Alieva Yu. B. 
Published: December 2018

The authors draw attention of the professional community to the professional experience of the Karatygin family with the documents covering one hundred years of Russian sci-tech and special libraries. The quantitative data on professional publications and manuscripts by the Karatygins family donated to the Russian State Library are given.The Karatygins archive is the most significant collection acquired by the RSL specialized department in the recent years. It has compiled everything related to the development of sci-tech and special libraries, from general regulative documents, stenographs and All-Union conferences minutes, typical provisions and library rules to the reports of real regional special libraries. Research papers, statistical and methodological materials, learning programs, lectures and other documents are also included. The archive is of interest to researchers investigating into the history of special and sci-tech libraries, and the personal contribution of Fedor and Tatiana Karatygin into the development of sci-tech libraries and the library education in the country.
Dark Molecular Gas in Simulations of z ∼ 0 Disk Galaxies
Authors: Li Qi , Narayanan Desika , Davè Romeel , Krumholz Mark R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The H2 mass of molecular clouds has traditionally been traced by the CO(J = 1−0) rotational transition line. This said, CO is relatively easily photodissociated and can also be destroyed by cosmic rays, thus rendering some fraction of molecular gas to be “CO-dark.” We investigate the amount and physical properties of CO-dark gas in two z ∼ 0 disk galaxies and develop predictions for the expected intensities of promising alternative tracers ([C i] 609 μm and [C ii] 158 μm emission). We do this by combining cosmological zoom simulations of disk galaxies with thermal-radiative-chemical equilibrium interstellar medium (ISM) calculations to model the predicted H i and H2 abundances and CO (J = 1−0), [C i] 609 μm, and [C ii] 158 μm emission properties. Our model treats the ISM as a collection of radially stratified clouds whose properties are dictated by their volume and column densities, the gas-phase metallicity, and the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) and CR ionization rates. Our main results follow. Adopting an observationally motivated definition of CO-dark gas, i.e., H2 gas with W
CO < 0.1 K km s−1, we find that a significant amount (≳50%) of the total H2 mass lies in CO-dark gas, most of which is diffuse gas, poorly shielded due to low dust column density. The CO-dark molecular gas tends to be dominated by [C ii], though [C i] also serves as a bright tracer of the dark gas in many instances. At the same time, [C ii] also tends to trace neutral atomic gas. As a result, when we quantify the conversion factors for the three carbon-based tracers of molecular gas, we find that [C i] suffers the least contamination from diffuse atomic gas and is relatively insensitive to secondary parameters.
A Theory for the Variation of Dust Attenuation Laws in Galaxies
Authors: Narayanan Desika , Conroy Charlie , Davé Romeel , Johnson Benjamin D. , Popping Gergö 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a physical model for the origin of variations in the shapes and bump strengths of dust attenuation laws in galaxies by combining a large suite of cosmological “zoom-in” galaxy formation simulations with 3D Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer calculations. We model galaxies over three orders of magnitude in stellar mass, ranging from Milky Way–like systems to massive galaxies at high redshift. Critically, for these calculations, we employ a constant underlying dust extinction law in all cases and examine how the role of geometry and radiative transfer effects impacts the resultant attenuation curves. Our main results follow. Despite our usage of a constant dust extinction curve, we find dramatic variations in the derived attenuation laws. The slopes of normalized attenuation laws depend primarily on the complexities of star-to-dust geometry. Increasing fractions of unobscured young stars flatten normalized curves, while increasing fractions of unobscured old stars steepen curves. Similar to the slopes of our model attenuation laws, we find dramatic variation in the 2175 Å ultraviolet bump strength, including a subset of curves with little to no bump. These bump strengths are primarily influenced by the fraction of unobscured O and B stars in our model, with the impact of scattered light having only a secondary effect. Taken together, these results lead to a natural relationship between the attenuation curve slope and 2175 Å bump strength. Finally, we apply these results to a 25 Mpc h
−1 box cosmological hydrodynamic simulation in order to model the expected dispersion in attenuation laws at integer redshifts from z = 0 to 6. A significant dispersion is expected at low redshifts and decreases toward z = 6. We provide tabulated results for the best-fit median attenuation curve at all redshifts.
Successive Flux Rope Eruptions from δ-sunspots Region of NOAA 12673 and Associated X-class Eruptive Flares on 2017 September 6
Authors: Mitra Prabir K. , Joshi Bhuwan , Prasad Avijeet , Veronig Astrid M. , Bhattacharyya R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this article, we present a multiwavelength analysis of two X-class solar eruptive flares of classes X2.2 and X9.3 that occurred in the sigmoidal active region NOAA 12673 on 2017 September 6, by combining observations of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic Magnetic Imager instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. On the day of the reported activity, the photospheric structure of the active region displayed a very complex network of δ-sunspots that gave rise to the formation of a coronal sigmoid observed in the hot extreme-ultraviolet channels. Both X-class flares initiated from the core of the sigmoid sequentially within an interval of ∼3 hr and progressed as a single sigmoid-to-arcade event. Differential emission measure analysis reveals strong heating of plasma at the core of the active region right from the preflare phase, which further intensified and spatially expanded during each event. The identification of a preexisting magnetic null by non-force-free-field modeling of the coronal magnetic fields at the location of early flare brightenings and remote faint ribbon-like structures during the preflare phase, which were magnetically connected with the core region, provide support for the breakout model of solar eruption. The magnetic extrapolations also reveal flux rope structures before both flares, which are subsequently supported by the observations of the eruption of hot extreme-ultraviolet channels. The second X-class flare diverged from the standard flare scenario in the evolution of two sets of flare ribbons, which are spatially well separated, providing firm evidence of magnetic reconnections at two coronal heights.
Are Lek Disturbance Buffers Equitable for All Gunnison Sage-Grouse Populations?
Authors: Ouren Douglas S. , Cade Brian S. , Holsinger Kenneth W. , Siders Melissa S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lek disturbance buffers can be used to identify areas that provide important seasonal habitat for Gunnison sage grouse Centrocercus minimus (hereafter GUSG), a species with declining or vulnerable populations across their range. Lek disturbance buffers define areas around leks where anthropogenic disturbance is not permitted and have been considered for potential conservation strategies across GUSG habitat. Currently there is minimal information available on the effectiveness of the size of defined lek disturbance buffers. This study focused on two GUSG populations, the smaller Crawford population and a segment of the larger Gunnison Basin population. We utilized global positioning system location data on GUSG to evaluate seasonal use within three lek disturbance buffers, then compared and contrasted results between the two populations. The Crawford GUSG population showed increased movements from breeding season to late brood-rearing season and in winter returned to a usage pattern similar to the breeding season. Comparatively, the western Gunnison Basin GUSG population showed considerable movement throughout the entire year. In addition to these differences, we noted remarkable differences in distance between active leks, home range size, and total daily distance traveled between Crawford and western Gunnison Basin populations. Lek disturbance buffers created using the standard protocol provided varying protection depending on the distance between leks and number of leks. In small populations, the disturbance buffers overlapped each other, thus producing a smaller total lek disturbance buffer area. In addition to adding to the general body of knowledge of a little-studied species, our study had two important findings: 1) the use of empirical cumulative distribution demonstrated considerable differences in lek disturbance buffer use between the Crawford and the western Gunnison Basin populations, and 2) lek disturbance buffers did not provide equal protection for all populations on the basis of their current definition and derivation. We anticipate that land managers will find our results useful and informative when developing land management plans for the conservation of GUSG. Our analysis showed that the variability between populations and species is important for managers to consider when developing conservation strategies, especially for small populations.
Modal particles and sentence type restrictions: A construction grammar perspective
Authors: Alm Maria , Behr Janina , Fischer Kerstin 
Published: December 2018

The problem addressed in this study is the sentence type restrictions of modal particles. In the literature on modal particles, it is often noted that these items cannot occur freely in all kinds of sentence types, but are restricted to certain grammatical host structures. In this article, we first discuss previous work on the semantic, formal and functional factors that determine the usage of modal particles in different grammatical configurations. The results of this discussion show that a fine-grained representation on several different levels of both modal particles and their grammatical environments is necessary to account for the usage restrictions, which is why we turn to a construction grammatical description. In particular, we suggest that the sentence type restrictions of modal particles are the result of a complex interaction between the individual modal particle on the one hand and specific grammatical constructions on the other hand. In this paper, we focus on constructions of the kind encoding particular speech act orientations, namely sentence type constructions. We explore this interaction from a construction grammatical perspective.
A Decade of <em>The Underneath</em>: A Conversation with Kathi Appelt
Authors: Verbeten Sharon 
Published: December 2018

If you were like me, you likely hooted with excitement when you heard that Kathi Appelt’s The Underneath had received a Newbery Honor in 2009. My enthusiasm was tempered only by the fact that it didn’t win the Newbery Medal itself.It’s hard to believe it’s been a decade since the notable book was published—garnering much praise (including being a 2008 National Book Award finalist) but also trigger warnings about its graphic depictions of animal abuse.
« 99 % des suicides sont tragiques, nous nous battons pour le 1 % qui reste »
Authors: Gandsman1 Ari , Dubois Florence 
Published: December 2018

À partir de recherches ethnographiques menées auprès d’activistes du droit à la mort, cet article cherche à relever et à analyser les divisions de nature conceptuelle qui structurent les arguments des activistes. D’une part, des activistes soutiennent que la mort médicalement assistée doit être rigoureusement distinguée de l’acte du suicide. Pour ce faire, ils font référence à la notion « d’esprit sain » dans un contexte où le corps est malade, faisant ainsi appel au caractère fondamentalement rationnel d’un processus décisionnel fondé sur la volonté dans le choix. Ils distinguent un tel choix des suicides, non rationnels, qui sont visiblement le résultat d’un « esprit troublé ». Toutefois, en puisant dans une base de données ethnographiques considérable et dans des entrevues, on constate que les activistes reconnaissent aussi implicitement une frontière perméable entre les deux actes. Plusieurs points de tension et d’ambiguïté surviennent d’ailleurs lorsqu’il s’agit de distinguer la mort médicalement assistée et officiellement approuvée d’un acte de suicide. Dans l’analyse de la question, le présent article cherche à explorer le noyau de la tension entre les réformistes et les branches plus radicales de l’activisme du droit à la mort. Si ceux qui aspirent à modifier la constitution actuelle demandent, parmi d’autres garde-fous, des critères d’admissibilité clairement définis en fonction de maladies terminales et incurables, d’autres activistes plus radicaux s’opposent à de telles « médicalisations de la mort » et tiennent une position plus ouverte où le droit à la mort englobe aussi les « suicides rationnels ». Enfin, notre article montrera que, même après la légalisation de la mort médicalement assistée, ces noyaux de tensions subsistent.
Peut-on distinguer homicide-suicide et suicide par leurs facteurs de risque ?
Authors: Notredame1 Charles-Édouard , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Lesage Alain , Séguin Monique 
Published: December 2018

Les homicides-suicides sont des événements aussi graves qu’exceptionnels. À l’interface de la criminologie et de la suicidologie, leur étude et leur prévention butent sur une indistinction de statut : sont-ils à considérer comme une sous-catégorie du suicide ou comme une entité à part entière ? Pour le clarifier, nous avons mené une méta-analyse de l’ensemble des articles comparant les facteurs de risque de suicide et d’homicide-suicide afin de discerner si certains d’entre eux étaient plus spécifiques de l’un ou de l’autre des événements. Treize articles ont été inclus dans l’analyse finale. Le sexe masculin, l’appartenance à une minorité culturelle et les antécédents judiciaires étaient plus spécifiquement associés à l’homicide-suicide qu’au suicide. De même, le suicide survenait plus fréquemment à domicile et impliquait des moyens plus violents lorsqu’il était précédé d’un homicide. En revanche, les problèmes de santé physique, les antécédents de dépression, de tentative de suicide et de consommation de substances psychoactives augmentaient le risque de suicide davantage que celui d’homicide-suicide. À l’appui des présents résultats, nous proposons de revisiter la dualité homicide-suicide/suicide en l’inscrivant dans un modèle intégré. Sous cette perspective, les deux événements pourraient être lus comme l’issue dramatique d’une même tension psychique critique que favoriseraient des facteurs prédisposant aspécifiques. La forme du passage à l’acte ne dépendrait alors de l’influence que de certains de ces facteurs, dits facteurs orientants. Les implications que cette modélisation pourrait avoir en termes de recherche sont ici discutées.
Global Networks
Authors: Harasim Linda M. 
Published: December 2018

Twenty-one contributors focus on the implementation, application, and impact of computer-mediated communication in a global context
Global Networks takes up the host of issues raised by the new networking technology that now links individuals, groups, and organizations in different countries and on different continents. The twenty-one contributions focus on the implementation, application, and impact of computer-mediated communication in a global context.
Previously limited to scientific research, global networks now have an impact on social, educational, and business communications. Individuals with a personal computer, a modem, and some simple software can join a new social community that is based on interest, not location. Global Networks, which was written largely with the assistance of the internet, provides an understanding of the issues, opportunities, and pitfalls of this new social connectivity. It looks at how networking technology can support and augment communication and collaboration from such perspectives as policy constraints and opportunities, language differences, cross-cultural communication, and social network design.
Contributors Linda M. Harasim, John Quarterman, Howard Rheingold, Anne Branscomb, Lee Sproull, Sara Kiesler, Marvin Manheim, Hiroshi Ishii, Jan Walls, Michael Kirby, Catherine Murray, Andrew Feenberg, Robin Mason, Margaret Riel, Beryl Bellman, Alex Jeffrey Shapard, Lucio Teles, Howard Frederick, Mitchell Kapor, Daniel Weitzner, Shumpei Kumon, lzurni Aizu, Robert Jacobson
The Future of Thinking
Authors: Davidson Cathy N. , Goldberg David Theo , Jones Zoë Marie 
Published: December 2018

How traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites.
Over the past two decades, the way we learn has changed dramatically. We have new sources of information and new ways to exchange and to interact with information. But our schools and the way we teach have remained largely the same for years, even centuries. What happens to traditional educational institutions when learning also takes place on a vast range of Internet sites, from Pokemon Web pages to Wikipedia? This report investigates how traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites. The authors propose an alternative definition of “institution” as a “mobilizing network”—emphasizing its flexibility, the permeability of its boundaries, its interactive productivity, and its potential as a catalyst for change—and explore the implications for higher education. The Future of Thinking reports on innovative, virtual institutions. It also uses the idea of a virtual institution both as part of its subject matter and as part of its process: the first draft of the book was hosted on a Web site for collaborative feedback and writing. The authors use this experiment in participatory writing as a test case for virtual institutions, learning institutions, and a new form of collaborative authorship. The finished version is still posted and open for comment. This book is the full-length report of the project, which was summarized in an earlier MacArthur volume, The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age.
The influence of maternal body mass index and physical activity on select cardiovascular risk factors of preadolescent Hispanic children
Authors: Alhassan Basil A. , Liu Ying , Slawson Deborah , Peterson Jonathan M. , Marrs Jo-Ann , Clark William A. , Alamian Arsham 
Published: December 2018

Background
Maternal obesity and physical inactivity have been identified as correlates of overweight and obesity and physical inactivity in older preadolescents; however, no study has explored this relationship in Hispanic preadolescents. Furthermore, the relation between maternal physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in Hispanic preadolescents has not been examined.

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the associations between Hispanic mothers’ PA and body mass index (BMI) and their preadolescents’ PA, screen time, BP, and BMI.

Methods
Data of 118 mother-child (aged 2–10 years) dyads enrolled in a cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic preadolescents at a community health center in Johnson City, TN were used. Parent and child questionnaires were used to ascertain mothers’ BMI and PA and preadolescents’ PA and screen time. Preadolescents’ height, weight, and BP were measured. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between child and maternal variables, adjusting for mother’s education and the child’s sex and age.

Results
Pradolescents of obese mothers were more likely than preadolescents of mothers with normal weight to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 6.47, 95% CI [1.61–26.0]). Preadolescents whose mothers did not engage in moderate PA were more likely to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 2.92, CI [1.18–7.24]); and have elevated BP (OR: 2.50, 95% CI [1.02–4.53]) than preadolescents whose mothers engaged in moderate PA.

Discussion
Our results show a negative relationship between maternal obesity and preadolescent PA, and a positive relationship between lower maternal PA and elevated BP and lower PA in Hispanic preadolescents. This suggests that interventions aimed at improving Hispanic preadolescents’ PA and BP may use maternal PA and maternal BMI (for preadolescent PA) as a modification strategy to improve health in Hispanic preadolescents.
Demography and Social Inequality
Authors: Fasang Anette E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPopulation processes, that is, fertility, migration, and mortality, are closely intertwined with social stratification and mobility from one generation to the next. There is some indication for an emerging trend toward a stronger integration of previously more separate research communities in demography and social stratification research. The author discusses three promising avenues for future research to generate new insights into the interplay between population processes and social inequality: (i) Demographic change and political processes, (ii) Long time horizons across the life course and multiple generations, and (iii) Implications of digitalization and technological change.