bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the role of surfactants in bubble-algae interaction in flotation harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Shen Zhou , Li Yanpeng , Wen Hao , Ren Xiangying , Liu Jun , Yang Liwei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, a fundamental study was carried out on the role of surfactants in bubble-algae interaction to improve the understanding of how surfactants influence the flotation performance. Flotation tests for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris were first conducted using two surfactants, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C16TAB) and tea saponin. The effect of surfactants on harvesting efficiency was found to depend on their type and concentration. The present results also indicated that C16TAB exhibited higher harvesting efficiency than tea saponin. The adsorption experiments of surfactants onto C. vulgaris and the characterization measurements of algae surface were then carried out to reveal underlying interaction mechanisms between surfactants and algae in air flotation process. The results confirmed the adsorption process of surfactants onto C. vulgaris was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Subsequently, two mechanism models were proposed to qualitatively establish the interaction relationship among algae, surfactants and bubbles in the flotation. According to two models, C16TAB could neutralize the algal potential, while tea saponin converted algal surface from hydrophilic into hydrophobic. Overall, two surfactants used here could facilitate attachment of C. vulgaris onto bubbles, making the algae easier to be harvested, thereby increasing the flotation recovery.
On mechanical behaviors of few-layer black phosphorus
Authors: Li Lili , Yang Jie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the mechanical behaviors of few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) by using molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that both tensile and compressive behaviors are strongly anisotropic in the armchair and zigzag directions due to the unidirectional puckers in each atomic layer, and that the compressive behavior is dependent on the number of atomic layers. In particular, the compressive and buckling strengths of FLBP can be significantly enhanced by stacking more atomic layers together, while this has little influence on both Young’s modulus and tensile strength. It is interesting to found that increasing the number of atomic layers in FLBP or the dimension ratio can lead to a drastically reduced flexibility in armchair direction, showing that both compressive and buckling strengths become higher than those in zigzag direction. It is also demonstrated that the reorientation of FLBP’s atomic configuration occurs under certain conditions. The mechanism of deformation underlying the mechanical behaviors of FLBP is also discussed, suggesting that changing the number of atomic layers is an effective way to engineer two-dimensional materials for desired material properties.
Nano-Architecture of nitrogen-doped graphene films synthesized from a solid CN source
Authors: Maddi Chiranjeevi , Bourquard Florent , Barnier Vincent , Avila José , Asensio Maria-Carmen , Tite Teddy , Donnet Christophe , Garrelie Florence 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNew synthesis routes to tailor graphene properties by controlling the concentration and chemical configuration of dopants show great promise. Herein we report the direct reproducible synthesis of 2-3% nitrogen-doped ‘few-layer’ graphene from a solid state nitrogen carbide a-C:N source synthesized by femtosecond pulsed laser ablation. Analytical investigations, including synchrotron facilities, made it possible to identify the configuration and chemistry of the nitrogen-doped graphene films. Auger mapping successfully quantified the 2D distribution of the number of graphene layers over the surface, and hence offers a new original way to probe the architecture of graphene sheets. The films mainly consist in a Bernal ABA stacking three-layer architecture, with a layer number distribution ranging from 2 to 6. Nitrogen doping affects the charge carrier distribution but has no significant effects on the number of lattice defects or disorders, compared to undoped graphene synthetized in similar conditions. Pyridinic, quaternary and pyrrolic nitrogen are the dominant chemical configurations, pyridinic N being preponderant at the scale of the film architecture. This work opens highly promising perspectives for the development of self-organized nitrogen-doped graphene materials, as synthetized from solid carbon nitride, with various functionalities, and for the characterization of 2D materials using a significant new methodology.
Genomics of a pediatric ovarian fibrosarcoma. Association with the DICER1 syndrome
Authors: Melendez-Zajgla Jorge , Mercado-Celis Gabriela E. , Gaytan-Cervantes Javier , Torres Amada , Gabiño Nayeli Belem , Zapata-Tarres Martha , Juarez-Villegas Luis Enrique , Lezama Pablo , Maldonado Vilma , Ruiz-Monroy Karen , Mendoza-Caamal Elvia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOvarian fibrosarcomas are extremely rare tumors with little genomic information available to date. In the present report we present the tumoral exome and transcriptome and the germinal exome of an ovarian fibrosarcoma from a 9-years old child. We found a paucity of mutations (0.77/Mb) and CNV alterations. Of these, the most relevant were a point mutation in the metal-binding site of the microRNA-processing DICER1 enzyme and a frame-shift alteration in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. We validated a germinal truncating mutation in DICER1, which was consistent with a DICER1 Syndrome diagnosis, providing the first example of an ovarian fibrosarcoma as the presenting neoplasia in this syndrome. Network and enrichment analyses showed that both a mesenchymal signature and a Hedgehog cascade could be driving the progression of this tumor. We were also able to find a global lincRNA deregulation, as the number of lincRNAs transcripts expressed in the tumor was decreased, with a concomitant upregulation of previously described non-coding transcripts associated with cancer, such as MALAT1, MIR181A1HG, CASC1, XIST and FENDRR. DICER1 Syndrome should be considered as a possible diagnosis in children ovarian fibrosarcoma. The role of lncRNAs in neoplasias associated with DICER1 alterations need to be studied in more detail.
A fuzzy feature fusion method for auto-segmentation of gliomas with multi-modality diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance images in radiotherapy
Authors: Guo Lu , Wang Ping , Sun Ranran , Yang Chengwen , Zhang Ning , Guo Yu , Feng Yuanming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) images can provide functional information about tumour and enable more sensitive detection of the tumour extent. We aimed to develop a fuzzy feature fusion method for auto-segmentation of gliomas in radiotherapy planning using multi-parametric functional MR images including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). For each functional modality, one histogram-based fuzzy model was created to transform image volume into a fuzzy feature space. Based on the fuzzy fusion result of the three fuzzy feature spaces, regions with high possibility belonging to tumour were generated automatically. The auto-segmentations of tumour in structural MR images were added in final auto-segmented gross tumour volume (GTV). For evaluation, one radiation oncologist delineated GTVs for nine patients with all modalities. Comparisons between manually delineated and auto-segmented GTVs showed that, the mean volume difference was 8.69% (±5.62%); the mean Dice’s similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.88 (±0.02); the mean sensitivity and specificity of auto-segmentation was 0.87 (±0.04) and 0.98 (±0.01) respectively. High accuracy and efficiency can be achieved with the new method, which shows potential of utilizing functional multi-parametric MR images for target definition in precision radiation treatment planning for patients with gliomas.
Ultrafast evolution of electric fields from high-intensity laser-matter interactions
Authors: Pompili R. , Anania M. P. , Bisesto F. , Botton M. , Chiadroni E. , Cianchi A. , Curcio A. , Ferrario M. , Galletti M. , Henis Z. , Petrarca M. , Schleifer E. , Zigler A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe interaction of high-power ultra-short lasers with materials offers fascinating wealth of transient phenomena which are in the core of novel scientific research. Deciphering its evolution is a complicated task that strongly depends on the details of the early phase of the interaction, which acts as complex initial conditions. The entire process, moreover, is difficult to probe since it develops close to target on the sub-picosecond timescale and ends after some picoseconds. Here we present experimental results related to the fields and charges generated by the interaction of an ultra-short high-intensity laser with metallic targets. The temporal evolution of the interaction is probed with a novel femtosecond resolution diagnostics that enables the differentiation of the contribution by the high-energy forerunner electrons and the radiated electromagnetic pulses generated by the currents of the remaining charges on the target surface. Our results provide a snapshot of huge pulses, up to 0.6 teravolt per meter, emitted with multi-megaelectronvolt electron bunches with sub-picosecond duration and are able to explore the processes involved in laser-matter interactions at the femtosecond timescale.
Compilation of climate data from heterogeneous networks across the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Longman Ryan J. , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Nullet Michael A. , Frazier Abby G. , Kodama Kevin , Crausbay Shelley D. , Krushelnycky Paul D. , Cordell Susan , Clark Martyn P. , Newman Andy J. , Arnold Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong-term, accurate observations of atmospheric phenomena are essential for a myriad of applications, including historic and future climate assessments, resource management, and infrastructure planning. In Hawai‘i, climate data are available from individual researchers, local, State, and Federal agencies, and from large electronic repositories such as the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Researchers attempting to make use of available data are faced with a series of challenges that include: (1) identifying potential data sources; (2) acquiring data; (3) establishing data quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols; and (4) implementing robust gap filling techniques. This paper addresses these challenges by providing: (1) a summary of the available climate data in Hawai‘i including a detailed description of the various meteorological observation networks and data accessibility, and (2) a quality controlled meteorological dataset across the Hawaiian Islands for the 25-year period 1990-2014. The dataset draws on observations from 471 climate stations and includes rainfall, maximum and minimum surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, downward shortwave and longwave radiation data.
Programmatic and Administrative Barriers to High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Care
Authors: Lee Henry , Gray Erika , Gould Jeffrey , Hintz Susan , Tang Brian 
Published: February 2018

Objective This article characterizes programmatic features of a population-based network of high-risk infant follow-up programs and identifies potential challenges associated with attendance from the providers' perspective.
Study Design A web-based survey of high-risk infant follow-up program directors, coordinators, and providers of a statewide high-risk infant follow-up system. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the survey responses.
Results Of the 68 high-risk infant follow-up programs in California, 56 (82%) responded to the survey. The first visit no-show rate between 10 and 30% was estimated by 44% of programs with higher no-show rates for subsequent visits. Common strategies to remind families of appointments were phone calls and mailings. Most programs (54%) did not have a strategy to help families who lived distant to the high-risk infant follow-up clinic.
Conclusion High-risk infant follow-up programs may lack resources and effective strategies to enhance follow-up, particularly for those living at a distance.
Fast and accurate quantum Monte Carlo for molecular crystals
Authors: Zen Andrea , Brandenburg Jan Gerit , Klimeš Jiří , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Alfè Dario , Michaelides Angelos 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Computational approaches based on the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics are now integral to almost all materials design initiatives in academia and industry. If computational materials science is genuinely going to deliver on its promises, then an electronic structure method with consistently high accuracy is urgently needed. We show that, thanks to recent algorithmic advances and the strategy developed in our manuscript, quantum Monte Carlo yields extremely accurate predictions for the lattice energies of materials at a surprisingly modest computational cost. It is thus no longer a technique that requires a world-leading computational facility to obtain meaningful results. While we focus on molecular crystals, the significance of our findings extends to all classes of materials.
Height-Based Equations Can Improve the Diagnosis of Elevated Blood Pressure in Children
Authors: Mourato Felipe A , Mattos Sandra S , Lima Filho Jose L , Mourato Marianna F , Nadruz Wilson 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
High blood pressure (BP) is usually underdiagnosed in children and adolescents, particularly due to its complex diagnosis process. This study describes novel height-based equations for the detection of BP disorders (BP &gt; 90th percentile) and compares the accuracy of this approach with previously described screening methods to identify BP disorders.

Methods
Height-based equations were built using the 90th percentile values for systolic and diastolic BP and respective height values from the current guideline of high-BP management in children. This guideline was also used as the gold standard method for identification of BP disorders. The equations were tested in Brazilian (n = 2,936) and American (n = 6,541) populations of children with 8–13 years old.

Results
The obtained equations were 70 + 0.3 × height (in cm) for systolic BP and 35 + 0.25 × height (in cm) for diastolic BP. The new equations presented sensitivity and negative predictive value of near 100% and specificity &gt; 91% and showed higher specificity and positive predictive value when compared with other screening tools. Importantly, height-based equations had greater agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.75–0.81) with the gold standard method than the other methods (kappa coefficient = 0.53–0.73). Further analysis showed that alternative height-based equations designed to identify hypertension (BP ≥ 95th percentile) also showed superior performance (kappa coefficient = 0.89–0.92) compared with other screening methods (kappa coefficient = 0.43–0.85).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the use of height-based equations may be a simple and feasible approach to improve the detection of high BP in the pediatric population.
Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor of the Cranial Vault: A Case Report
Authors: Ploof Jillian , Shaikh Hamza , Melli Jenny , Jour George , Turtz Alan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumors (LSMFTs) are rare benign fibro-osseous tumors most frequently occurring in the proximal femur. We report the first case of this rare tumor occurring within the calvarium.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Our patient presented with a 2-yr history of enlarging, painless, fixed mass over the left forehead. She underwent surgical resection and the mass was histologically confirmed to be a LSMFT.

CONCLUSION
LSMFT is a rare tumor that should remain on the differential for lesions of the calvarium. When diagnosed, this lesion can be removed with the goal of gross total resection and excellent cosmesis can be achieved.
Social Identity and Intergroup Relationships in the Management of Crowds during Mass Emergencies and Disasters: Recommendations for Emergency Planners and Responders1
Authors: Carter Holly , Drury John , Amlôt Richard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhen addressing public behaviour during mass emergencies and disasters, it is important to consider that such emergencies and disasters will often involve crowds. An understanding of emergency crowds is therefore crucial in ensuring that incidents are managed as effectively as possible. The elaborated social identity model of crowd behaviour emphasizes that the way in which emergency responders manage crowds during an incident can play a crucial role in determining how members of the public react. Specifically, if affected casualties see emergency responders’ instructions and actions as legitimate, this will result in increased identification and cooperation between emergency responders and members of the public. In this paper, we show how the social identity approach can be applied to best explain crowd behaviour during mass emergencies and disasters, and how this improved theoretical understanding can be used to generate specific recommendations for operational good practice during incident management.
Dramatic Reduction in Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries Using a Pink Paper Reminder System
Authors: Shieh David C. , Berringer Christine M. , Pantoja Roselyn , Resureccion Juji , Rainbolt Joria M. , Hokoki Amena 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this quality improvement project was to reduce the number of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) by flagging extremely high-risk patients with a pink paper reminder system and implementing a pressure injury prevention order set.

METHODS:
The pink paper reminder system is an innovative, cost-neutral, simple approach to identify patients at highest risk of pressure injury development who meet specific criteria. There are 2 steps to this intervention. First, study authors developed a new risk assessment tool, the pink paper criteria. When a patient met the specified criteria, a pink piece of paper titled “SKIN AT RISK” in a large font was hung at the head of his/her bed to reinforce preventive strategies. Next, a set of pressure injury preventive measures was ordered.

PATIENTS:
This quality improvement project included all adult hospitalized patients of all specialties based in 2 Kaiser Permanente hospitals.

RESULTS:
There was a 67% reduction in HAPI incidences following the initiation of the pink paper reminder system, from a mean rate of 1.2 to 0.4 incidence of HAPIs per 1000 patient-days measured over 4 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Identifying and flagging patients who are at extremely high risk of pressure injuries and implementing an order set of pressure injury preventive measures dramatically reduced the rate of HAPIs per 1000 patient-days.
Peanut allergy reduction in high-risk pediatric patients
Authors: Hopper Jaime , Hopp Courtney , Durbin Jessica 
Published: February 2018

Abstract:
The prevalence of food allergies has doubled in the past 10 years. Peanut allergies are a significant public health issue and are the primary reason for food-related anaphylactic reactions that result in death. Evidence supports that early introduction of the peanut protein (or in combination with immunotherapy) to the highly allergic may safely desensitize patients, which could lead to less adverse allergic reactions and alter allergy management overall.
Neurophysiological Pain Education for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Tegner Heidi , Frederiksen Pernille , Esbensen Bente A. , Juhl Carsten 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of neurophysiological pain education (NPE) for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods:
A systematic search was performed in 6 electronic databases. Eligible randomized-controlled trials were those with at least 50 % of patients with CLBP and in which NPE was compared with no intervention or usual care. Methodological quality was assessed independently by 2 of the authors using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. The effect of NPE was summarized in a random effect meta-analysis for pain, disability, and behavioral attitudes. Effect was estimated as weighted mean difference (WMD) if outcomes were on the same scale or as standardized mean difference (SMD). The overall quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE guidelines.

Results:
Seven randomized-controlled trial studies (6 low and 1 high quality) were included. Statistically significant differences in pain, in favor of NPE, were found after treatment, WMD=−1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.55 to −1.52), and after 3 months, WMD=−1.09 (95% CI, −2.17 to 0.00). Furthermore statistically significant lower disability was found in the NPE group after treatment, SMD=−0.47 (95% CI, −0.80 to −0.13) and after 3 months SMD=−0.38 (95% CI, −0.74 to −0.02). The difference in favor of NPE in reduction in Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was not statistically significant, WMD=−5.73 (95% CI, −13.60 to 2.14) and after 3 months WMD=−0.94 (95% CI, −6.28 to 4.40).

Discussion:
There was moderate evidence supporting the hypothesis that NPE has a small to moderate effect on pain and low evidence of a small to moderate effect on disability immediately after the intervention. NPE has a small to moderate effect on pain and disability at 3 months follow-up in patients with CLBP.
The interplay between tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Balbi Gustavo Guimarães Moreira , Machado-Ribeiro Francinne , Marques Cláudia D.L. , Signorelli Flávio , Levy Roger Abramino 
Published: February 2018

Purpose of review
Tuberculosis (TB) is a millenarian chronic infection and, yet, remains a major global health problem. The interaction between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and TB is complex, as one seems to be a risk factor for the development of the other. SLE patients are more likely to develop TB, that is more frequently extrapulmonary, with more extensive pulmonary involvement, and with a higher relapse rate.

Recent findings
Different studies suggest that TB is more prevalent in SLE patients and that TB may actually be a risk factor for the development of the disease. Molecular and epidemiological data suggest that TB may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Summary
We reviewed the most relevant aspects of TB infection in SLE patients, including the burden of TB, its role in inducing flare and its perpetuation, risk evaluation and prevention, and pearls and pitfalls when assessing extrapulmonary TB in SLE patients. We conclude that a high suspicion of TB in SLE patients from endemic countries should be kept in mind, especially in those with nephritis and high cumulative doses of corticosteroids.