bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO-245 Exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) and above the LT increases phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Masuda Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Tatsuhiko , Koshinaka Keiichi , Kawanaka Kentaro 
Published: October 2018

Objective A single bout of exercise can enhance glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. It is well established that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is required for stimulation of glucose uptake by exercise. After the initial phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, glucose is further utilized to mitochondrial oxidation during exercise. The direct or functional interaction between hexokinase and Akt may act to integrate glucose metabolism in working muscle. Hence, AMPK and Akt activation would be cooperatively regulated exercise-induced activation of glucose metabolism. Although exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) and above the LT sharply increase glucose uptake via increasing AMPK activity, whether LT exercise can also increase Akt activity is still unknown. Therefore, we examined the AMPK and Akt activity immediately after several intensities of exercise.
Methods Male wistar rats (250-270 g) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Resting control (sedentary, n=16), Low-intensity exercise (LIE: 10 m/min for 30 min, n=8), LT intensity exercise 1 (LTE1: 17.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8), LT intensity exercise 2 (LTE2: 22.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8), and High-intensity exercise (HE: 27.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8). Immediately after each treadmill exercise, plantaris and soleus muscles were dissected.
Results LIE exercise did not changed AMPK phosphorylation site (Thr172), indicator of AMPK activity, and Akt phosphorylation site (Ser473, Thr308), indicator of Akt activity, in these muscles compared with resting control. At and above LTE1 exercise increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in these tissues. At and above LTE2 exercise increased the phosphorylation of Akt in these tissues. Therefore, increasing AMPK and Akt activity immediately after LT exercise possibly involved with regulating glucose metabolism.
Conclusions Phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt is increased immediately after at and above LT exercise in rat soleus and plantaris muscle.
PO-246 Effects of Different Methods of Precooling on Sub-maximal Intensity Exercise in Heat and High Humidity
Authors: Xu Minxiao , Wu Zhaozhao , Dong Yanan , Qu Chaoyi , Xu Yaoduo , Qin Fei , Wang Zhongwei , Han Zhining , Zhao Jiexiu 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of using different precooling measures on the capacity of competition and the exercise performance in hot and humidity environment. The most effectual means of precooling will be recommended to help coaches and athletes to improve the ability and performance in training and matches
Methods Ten male football (Rugby) players who came from the rugby team totally completed four experimental conditions in hot/humid conditions (38℃, 50% humidity). Initially, a 30-min precooling period consisting of either nothing to control (CONT, C); wearing cooling vest (4℃, V); ingesting of ice beverage (2.3 ml /kg of 4℃, I); or the mix method of combination of V and I (V+I, M). Following this, sub-maximal exercise (80% VO2max) of treadmill test occurred, until athletes exhausted
Results The running distance of M and V and I have a significant increase (P≤0.05) than CONT. The peak oxygen uptake of exhaustion was no significant difference between each other. After exercise, the change rate of heart rate ratio of M compared with CONT has a very significant decrease (P≤0.01). The core temperature of M and CONT has a significant increase (P≤0.05) in comparison. The surface temperature of I and M and V comparison with CONT has a very significant increase (P≤0.01). When participants exhaust, the RPE of M in comparison with CONT had significantly lower (P≤0.05). The RPB and the rating of thermal sensation of each condition were no significant difference. After exercise, the blood lactic concentration of each ones was no significant difference
Conclusions In hot and humidity condition, precooling has a promoting effect on the sub-maximal exercise. Precooling measures could improve the exercise performance and maintain the stability of functional status and physiology, especially the mix method.
PO-252 Effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Liu Aishan , Liu Fangming , Zhang Xuelin , Wang Yarong , Kong Mei , Zhang Xiang , Ye Meiling 
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions (ECC) in rat skeletal muscle.
Methods 24 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C, n=6)、electrical stimulation group (E, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor Gd3+ (EAI, n=6). The animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrical stimulation on spinotrapezius muscle of anaesthetised rats in vivo, that is to say, the intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult Wistar rats was exteriorized, and tetanic eccentric contractions (100 Hz, 10 sets of 50 contractions) were elicited by electrical stimulation during synchronized muscle stretch of 10% resting muscle length. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation were determined by loading the muscle with fura 4-AM using fluorescent imaging in vivo, and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration were determined by loading the muscle with fura 2-AM using fluorescent imaging in vitro, and recorded changes of muscle maximum tetanic force.
Results (1) In vivo, compared with the C , cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation increased more rapidly during ECC in the E (P < 0.001). Acupuncture intervention significantly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the EA compared with the E (P < 0.01), and we discovered that muscle deformation generated by acupuncture intervention induced a robust Ca2+ spark response confined in close spatial proximity to the sarcolemmal membrane in intact muscle fibers. Although no significant differences between the EA and EAI, Gd3+ abolished the majority of cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation decrease during ECC in the EAI and a robust Ca2+ spark response disappeared compared with the EA.
(2) In vitro, compared with the C, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration did not elevations in MCC in the E. EA cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased rapidly above the C and E (P < 0.01), respectively, but EAI significantly attenuated the increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration compared with the EA (P < 0.01). (3). Compared with the C , maximum tetanic force was significantly lower in the E after ECC (P < 0.01). EA maximum tetanic force increased rapidly compared with the E after ECC (P < 0.05), but EAL abolished the majority maximum tetanic force increase after ECC (P < 0.05).
Conclusions (1)Eccentric contraction caused cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation, but mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration decrease.
(2)Acupuncture can effectively reduce cytosolic Ca2+ overload, following by mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increase , which in turn abnormally high cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels are buffed by the mitochondria, and improved muscle function, and the effect was associated to the TRP channels.
PO-255 Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Maca Polysaccharides and Evaluation of its Anti-fatigue Ability
Authors: Bai Baofeng , Li Shilin 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) and explore its anti-fatigue ability of exhaustive exercise rats.
Methods Response surface methodology, based on Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize of ultrasonic extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides.Three independent variables (ratio of water to raw material, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature) were taken into consideration. Subsequently, 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, negative control group, low dose group (ML, 130mg/Kg.bw/d), middle dose group (MM, 270mg/Kg.bw/d), high dose group (MH, 800mg/Kg.bw/d). After continuous oral gavage for 30 days, 10 rats were randomly selected from each group to measure the liver glycogen, and the remaining 40 were used to determine the exhaustion swimming time, biochemical indicators of exercise capacity in rats.
Results 1. The best extracting method the ratio of material to liquid 1:22g/ml, ultrasonic time was 28min, ultrasonic temperature was 59 degrees centigrade, the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Both middle and high doses of maca polysaccharides could significantly improve the swimming time of exhausted rats. 3. The maca polysaccharides group (ML, MM, MH) could effectively inhibit the growth of lactic acid in rats and accelerated the elimination of lactic acid. The effect of high dose MH group was the most obvious(P＜0.05). 4. The content of BUN in swimming rats was reduced by different doses of maca polysaccharides. High dose of maca polysaccharides on reducing the content of MDA was the most significant(P＜0.05). 6. Different doses of maca polysaccharides increased liver glycogen storage in rats, the high dose of maca polysaccharides to improve the effect of liver glycogen content of rats was the most significantly(P＜0.05).
Conclusions 1. The optimum extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides was as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:22g/ml, the ultrasonic time was 30min, the ultrasonic temperature was 60, and the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Maca polysaccharides could improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, improve energy reserves; prolonged exhaustive swimming time.
PO-270 Function Index Change Trend Of Fighting Events-Group Athletes During Weight Reduction Before Competition: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Fanyang 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the function index change trend of some fighting event-group athletes during weight reduction before competition.
Methods Pub Med, MEDLINE, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched to collect the scientific literatures about the change trend of body composition and function index of wrestling, judo and taekwondo athletes during weight reduction before the competition. The quality of literature was critically appraised, and data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was conducted for eligible literatures.
Results A total of 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Stata software was used for data processing to observe the trend of body composition and function index during the process of weight reduction before competition. The average weight of athletes in judo，wrestling and taekwondo decreased by 5.23kg and the body fat percent decreased by 2.13% on average. Testosterone decreased by 3.93nmol/L on average and cortisol increased by 68.55noml/L on average. Hemoglobin decreased by 1.84g/L on average and blood urea decreased by 0.026 mmol/L on average. It was also found that the body weight and the body fat percent decreased significantly during the fast control period (P < 0.05), the decrease of the body fat percent during the fast control period was significantly higher than that in the slow control period. Testosterone decreased significantly (P < 0.01) during the slow control period and continued downward trend until pre-competition. Hemoglobin in the fast control period and pre-competition significantly lower than that before weight control (P < 0.05). The level of blood urea in fast control period was significantly higher than that in slow control period (P < 0.01).
Conclusions The decrease of body weight and body fat percent was concentrated in fast control period to pre-competition stag. Testosterone levels began to decline at the slow control period and lasted until the pre-competition.It is inconsistent with the expected results of coaches and athletes.We need further search for reasons.
PO-273 Exercise, myocardial insulin resistance and myostatin
Authors: Zhang Yuli , Wang Songtao 
Published: October 2018

Objective Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. MSTN is also expressed in other tissues such as heart and fat. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the occurrence of myocardial IR caused by myocardial MSTN expression, and to elucidate the regulation of MSTN expression by exercise and improve myocardial IR status and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.
Methods The literatures on exercise, myocardial IR, and myocardial MSTN published in recent years were reviewed and summarized.
Results 1.Myostatin, which is rarely expressed in myocardium under normal conditions, the appropriate amount of MSTN expression has anti-cardiac hypertrophy, and excessive MSTN expression can cause various cardiovascular diseases. In the IR state, the expression of myocardial inflammatory factors is increased, and MSTN is highly expressed. MSTN acts on the myocardium through various pathways, leading to the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis. In the IR state, possible pathways for inducing high expression of MSTN include: (1) inflammatory factor TNF-α is elevated, and MSTN expression is induced by P38MAPK and NF-KB; (2) The transcription factor Smad-2/3/4 up-regulates the MSTN promoter activity; (3) Glucocorticoid up-regulates MSTN expression; (4) IGF-1 up-regulates MSTN expression via p38MAPK and transcription factor MEF-2; (5) AngII up-regulates MSTN via Ang1 receptor, p38MAPK and MEF-2;(6) urotensin-II and urocortin can stimulate MSTN expression;(7) The ERK-1/2-MEF-2 pathway up-regulates MSTN expression. 3. Possible pathways by which MSTN acts on the myocardium include:(1) MSTN induces Smad2/3 overexpression; (2) MSTN activates the NF-KB pathway; (3) MSTN activates miR-1 expression, inhibits HSP70, and decreases pAkt levels; (4) MSTN inhibits the PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to induction or damage of the downstream pathway. Regular endurance exercise and resistance exercise improve myocardial IR and myocardial interstitial fibrosis involved in MSTN. This effect is mainly dependent on exercise can effectively improve the body's chronic inflammatory state, down-regulate the MSTN superior inducer, resulting in a series of cascade reactions.
Conclusions 1.MSTN expression in myocardial tissue is dose-dependent,proper expression of MSTN in the myocardium can prevent cardiac hypertrophy, and overexpression of MSTN can lead to various cardiovascular diseases. 2.Under the hyperglycemia and inflammation state, it can induce high expression of MSTN. After high expression of myocardial MSTN, it can participate in myocardial IR and can lead to myocardial interstitial fibrosis. 3. Exercise can effectively improve the chronic inflammatory state of the body, down-regulate the level of MSTN induction, improve myocardial IR status and IR-induced myocardial interstitial fibrosis.
PO-277 Nitric oxide generation in red blood cells induced by exercise
Authors: Zha Zhenghui , Zhang Yuli 
Published: October 2018

Objective Vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is considered to be the main enzyme source for NO production in blood vessels, and studies have shown that RBC may also express NOS and produce NO. The purpose of this study was to summarize the expression of NOS in vascular red blood cells caused by changes in hemodynamics, and to improve the bioavailability of NO, and to lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the mechanism of exercise to improve vasodilation.
Methods A literature review method was used to analyze related studies on exercise and RBC-NOS published in recent years.
Results Intravascular NO is one of the most important vascular signaling molecules, which has the function of relaxing blood vessels. NO is produced during the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline, which is mainly dependent on the regulation of vascular eNOS. RBC can express NOS under certain action, and RBC-NOS is mainly located on RBC membrane and cytoplasm; The regulatory mechanisms of RBC-NOS and eNOS have similarities and differences: RBC-NOS and eNOS are both dependent on Ca2+ regulation and phosphorylation of Serine 1177 via the PI3K pathway; however, since red blood cells do not have nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, they do not have other mechanisms of action of eNOS. Therefore, the vascular endothelium is not the only source of NO production. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets can produce NO. The amount of NO produced by red blood cells is significantly higher than that of white blood cells and platelets，it is another major source of NO production in blood vessels.The level of wall shear stress is the main determinant of NOS expression in blood vessels: On the one hand, exercise training can cause hemodynamic changes, increased shear stress, and induce changes in eNOS and RBC-NOS levels, increase NO bioavailability, and participate in the regulation of vasodilation.On the other hand, moderate-intensity exercise causes NO produced by RBC to increase red blood cell deformability and participate in vascular regulation.
Conclusions 1.Erythrocyte is an enzyme source that relies on hemodynamics to release NO from the blood vessel wall. It is regulated by Ca2+ and phosphorylates ser1177 through the PI3K pathway to participate in the regulation of the body.
2.Hemodynamic changes caused by exercise training can simultaneously induce the expression of eNOS and RBC-NOS, increase the bioavailability of NO, and jointly mediate vasodilation.
PO-284 Aerobic Exercise Preconditioning Prevents Behavioral Deficits in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Xiao Mengyun , Yang Luodan , Wu Chongyun , Peng Guangcong , Wang Ruimin , Zhang Guanguang 
Published: October 2018

Objective Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs in people who suffers reparative shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Evidences demonstrate that PTSD is associated with cognitive decline and depression. In the general population, women tend to show higher incidence of PTSD compared with men. Using the the ovariectomized rat model, the present work was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on the prevention of PTSD.
Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 8-10 in each group): 1) naïve control group; 2) ovariectomized group (OVX), 3) OVX with PTSD group (OVX + PTSD), 4) OVX + exercise group (OVX + Exe), and 5) OVX + PTSD + exercise (OVX + PTSD + Exe). For exercise pretreatment groups, the rats were subjected to 30 min of treadmill exercise (30 min/day, 5 days / week) for continuous 4 weeks. Open field test and elevated plus maze were used to measure behavioral changes from day 59 to day 66. Hippocampal levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level were measured.
Results 1. Results of open field and elevated plus maze test revealed that OVX animals exposed to PTSD showed obvious anxiety-like behavior compared to OVX animals without exercise. Intriguingly, anxiety-like behavior in OVX + PTSD group was significantly improved by aerobic exercise pretreatment in ovariectomized animals after PTSD. 2. Hippocampal levels of E2 and BDNF levels in the OVX + Exe group were significantly increased after aerobic exercise compared to these from OVX without exercise group.
Conclusions These findings demonstrated that aerobic exercise preconditioning can efficiently prevent anxiety-like behavior in the ovariectomized rats subjected to PTSD, a mechanism could be associate with the increased levels of E2 and BDNF induced by exercise treatment.
PO-300 Investigation On Dietary Nutrition Status of Chinese Elite Male Young Soccer Player
Authors: Zeng Dan , Wang Qirong , Fang Zilong 
Published: October 2018

Objective To evaluate the dietary nutritional of Chinese Elite male young soccer player through the knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAP) survey and an adjusted dietary balance index （DBI）.
Methods Explored the dietary nutritional status of 30 Chinese Elite male young soccer players through the knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAP) survey. Diet status of 30 Chinese Elite male young soccer players was collected by food-weighing method. The dietary index of DBI-low bound score（LBS），DBI-high bound score （HBS） and DBI-diet quality distance （DQD） in the adjusted DBI-07 system and nutrient analysis were used to evaluate the dietary quality of athletes.
Results The average score of nutrition knowledge (general nutrition and sports nutrition knowledge) in the KAP questionnaire of Chinese Elite young players was 16.90±2.49, and the average score of nutritional attitude was 14.07±2.27. The mean score of the dietary behavior was 39.67±2.65. The total score average was 70.63±4.58.The results of the dietary intake survey showed that the percentage of calorie intake of Chinese Elite male young soccer players who eat three meals a day and snacks were 24.19%, 34.93%, 27.43%, and 13.45%. The proportion of energy intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to total energy were 54.93%, 32.18%, and 11.53%, respectively. The results of the dietary quality survey showed that the median score of LBS of Chinese Elite male young soccer players was 21, the proportion of players with low level of intake was 83.3%, and the proportion of people with moderate and high levels of inadequacy was 16.7%. The median of HBS was 7.5,90.0% of players had low levels of dietary intake in excess, and 10.0% of players had moderate levels of dietary intake in excess. The median of DQD was 34.5. Among the players, 46.7% of athletes have low-level dietary imbalances, and 53.3% of players had moderate-to-high-level dietary imbalances.
Conclusions The score of nutritional attitudes and dietary behaviors of 30 Chinese elite male young soccer players are relatively better than that of nutrition knowledge. Young soccer players have unreasonable dietary behaviors. Excessively intake too much fat in the three major nutrients and snacks.The intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc was inadequate .In terms of dietary intake, most players have high-level dietary imbalances, and players have inadequate dietary intake and excessive dietary intake.
PO-297 Effects of different exercise patterns on TWEAK and its signal in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Zhang Nianyun 
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effects of different exercise patterns on TWEAK and its downstream NF-kB/ MuRF1 in rat skeletal muscle, and to explore the relationship between TWEAK and skeletal muscle metabolism by different exercise interventions.
Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: quiet group, high-intensity intermittent swimming group, medium-intensity continuous swimming group, and ladder-moving group, with 8 rats in each group. The exercise group adopted high-intensity intermittent swimming training, medium-intensity continuous swimming training, and ladder training, and trained for 5 days per week for 8 weeks. The right gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was taken the next day after the last training. The expression of TWEAK, NF-KB, MuRF1 proteins was detected by Western Blot.
Results 1. The gastrocnemius muscle mass index exercise group was higher than the quiet group. 2. Compared with the quiet group, the expression of TWEAK in the exercise group was reduced, and the reduction in the ladder exercise group was more significant. 3. Compared with the quiet group, the expression of NF-KB and MURF1 was decreased in the exercise group, and the reduction in the ladder exercise group was more significant.
Conclusions TWEAK may be involved in skeletal muscle catabolism. All three exercise patterns can alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy in rats, and the effect of ladder movement is more significant.