bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working later in the USA and Ireland: implications for precariously and securely employed women
Authors: Ní Léime Á , Street Debra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolicies to extend working life (EWL) assume homogeneous workers face similar choices about working longer: this may be difficult for women, workers in physically onerous jobs or in low-paid precarious employment. Work-life trajectories are gendered; women interrupt employment and pension-building to provide care. There is occupational variation in capacities to prolong working lives: physically demanding jobs cause work-related health deficits. The precariously employed cannot contribute regularly to pensions and may face age discrimination. This research provides an inter-occupational and cross-national dimension to EWL research, comparing women teachers and health-care workers in the United States of America (USA) and Republic of Ireland. It documents intra-cohort distinctions that emerge among women when considering educational opportunities and occupational tracks expressed in lifecourse trajectories and accumulated capacities for extended work. Analysis draws on interview data from ten teachers and ten health-care workers in each country, comparing the implications of EWL policies for women workers: in precariousversussecure occupations and occupations with different physical demands. It reveals work-life trajectories leading to poorer financial and health outcomes for older health-care workers, especially in the USA. Most women (regardless of occupation or country) opposed extending working life, with concerns ranging from health status and ability to work to the desire to have healthy years in retirement. The most important distinctions are between the occupational categories considered, rather than cross-national differences. Implications for national and work-place policy and research are considered.
How figurative language may be related to formal care-givers’ person-centred approach toward their patients with dementia
Authors: Bentwich Miriam Ethel , Bokek-Cohen Ya'arit , Dickman Nomy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPerson-centred care that respects a patient's personhood is the gold standard in dementia care, which is often difficult to achieve given the complexity of caring for people with dementia. This article delves into the narration style of formal care-givers from a variety of ethno-cultural backgrounds in search of linguistic cues that may be related to their emphasis on a person-centred approach to care. A qualitative study, using a discourse analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 formal care-givers in an institutional setting, was employed. The care-givers fell into three groups: Arabs, immigrants from the former Soviet Union (IFSU) and Jews born in Israel (JBI). Our results show 20 figurative language expressions (FLEs) in the narratives of the JBI care-givers and 11 among the IFSU care-givers. In contrast, the Arab care-givers conveyed 48 FLEs. Many of the Arab care-givers’ FLEs were not associated with the ‘regular’ domains articulated by other care-givers (family, children, militaristic language) and were primarily individual-focused, emphasising the personhood of the patient. These findings, together with relevant theoretical literature, suggest that the extensive use of figurative language by Arab care-givers may be a possible tool assisting these care-givers to employ a person-centred approach, manifested in their stress on the personhood of the patient. Such tools may be useful for better achieving person-centred care for these patients.
Évaluation de Marche vers le futur, un programme novateur de prévention des chutes offert par videoconference
Authors: Savard Jacinthe , Labossière Sophie , Cardinal Dominique , Pinet Bernard , Borris Caroline 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSeveral fall prevention programs have been implemented to reduce falls among seniors. In some rural areas or in French-speaking minority communities, the availability of such programs is limited. The objectives of this paper are to: (a) describe the Fall Prevention Program Marche vers le futur, offered in French, by videoconference; and (b) present the results of the evaluation of the program objectives. Results demonstrate that participants have improved their physical abilities, gained knowledge, adopted new behaviors and lifestyle habits. In short, Marche vers le futur reduces fall risk factors in a manner equal or superior to other programs. Marche vers le futur has made possible the provision of services in French in communities where availability of French-language resources is very limited, therefore fostering equity in access to health services.
Centrosome inheritance in starfish zygotes: behaviour and duplicating capacity of the meiotic centrosomes in maturation division
Authors: Tamura Miwa , Nemoto Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2018

In zygotes of almost all animals, it has been believed that only the sperm centrosome acts as the mitotic spindle poles. As first proposed a century ago by Boveri (1887), this uniparental (paternal) inheritance of the centrosome must depend on the selective loss of the maternal centrosomes. To trace the fate and duplicating capacity of all the maternal centrosomes/centrioles, including those cast off into polar bodies, we used two kinds of procedures: (1) suppression of polar body (PB) extrusion and (2) transplantation of PB centro-somes into artificially activated eggs.Gametes used in this study were from the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Oocyte maturation was induced with 1-methyladenine (Kanatani, 1969). Suppression of PB extrusion and artificial activation were done according to Washitani-Nemoto et al. (1994). Micromanipulation was performed by the method of Saiki & Hamaguchi (1993). Behaviour of the centrosomes was examined by staining with an antibody against α-tubulin, polarisation and differential interference-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.In starfish oocytes, no centriole duplication occurs in meiosis II, hence each pole of a meiosis II spindle is formed by the splitting of paired centrioles in the inner centrosome of a meiosis I spindle into singles. Eventually, each of a second PB (PB2) and a mature egg inherits only one centriole from a meiosis II spindle (a PB1 inherits a pair of centrioles). So, either PB2 and the mature egg inherit a single centriole (Fig. 1; cf. Sluder et al., 1989; Kato et al., 1990). When mature eggs were artificially activated with the Ca2+-ionophore A23187, a single monaster was formed.
Speract-receptor interaction and the modulation of ion transport inStrongylocentrotus purpuratussea urchin sperm
Authors: Galindo Blanca-Estela , Nishigaki Takuya , Rodríguez Esmeralda , Sánchez Daniel , Beltrán Camen , Darszon Alberto 
Published: July 2018

We are studying the regulation of ion transport in sperm physiology. Sperm ion permeability is modulated by components from the outer layer of the egg which, depending on the species, regulate sperm motility, Chemotaxis and the acrosome reaction (AR). This reaction is required for sperm to fertilise the egg in many species from sea urchins to man (Darszonet al., 1999).Speract, a decapeptide from the external layer ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratussea urchin eggs, influences sperm respiration, motility and possibly the AR. Signal transduction starts when speract binds to a protein of 77 kDa closely coupled to sperm guanylyl cyclase (Garbers, 1989). Our recent receptor binding experiments using fluorescent-labelled speract (fluorescein and rhodamine) have allowed estimates of the association (kon2.4 × 107M−1s−1) and dissociation rate constants (koff1.3 × 10−4s−1). Furthermore, studies with fluorescent speract analogues indicate that the receptor undergoes conformational changes that depend on intracellular pH (pHi). The overall results are consistent with the possibility that speract may induce in sea urchin sperm a hyperactivated-like flagellar movement inside the jelly coat to accelerate sperm penetration through this layer.
An analysis of sea urchin metamorphosis
Authors: Yazaki Ikuko 
Published: July 2018

Metamorphosis of sea urchin larvae is initiated by one or more cues from the environment. The cues can be from bacterial films (Cameron & Hinegardner, 1974), algae (Kitamura et al., 1993) or sand and seawater from adult habitats (Highsmith, 1982). The substances from sand are peptides (Burke, 1984), and those from red algae are free fatty acids (Kitamura et al., 1993) and dibromomethane (Taniguchi et al., 1994). Burke (1983a) suggested that chemical and physical stimuli were received by sensory receptors, probably podia of the adult rudiment, and transmitted to effectors of metamorphosis such as larval and adult tissues. Morpho-genetic, histolytic and histogenic processes progress during metamorphosis to create a juvenile, though direct evidence for the mechanism of induction has not been shown.Glutamine (Gin) induces metamorphosis in larvae of many sea urchin species (Strongylocentrotus intermedius: Naidenko, 1991; Pseudocentrotus depressus: Yazaki & Harashima, 1994; Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus: Yazaki, 1995). We have analysed the metamorphosis of sea urchin larvae using Gln, neurotransmitters and a natural cue (green algae).
Fertilisation in fish: a cortical alveolar lectin and its potential role in the block to polyspermy
Authors: Yasumasu Shigeki , Wardrip Nathan J. , Zenner Bruce D. , Lee Young M. , Smith Alan J. , Hedrick Jerry L. 
Published: July 2018

An animal egg such as amphibian, mammalian or sea urchin egg receives only a single sperm at fertilisation. After binding of the first sperm, the egg is prevented from allowing the entry of additional sperm. In fact, polyspermy results in aborted development of the zygote. It has been generally accepted that a molecule(s) released from cortical granules participates in the block to polyspermy. As one such molecule, a cortical granule lectin has been isolated from unfertilised Xenopus eggs (Xenopus cortical granule lectin; XCGL). XCGL is released into the perivitelline space after fertilisation, and forms a complex with J1 jelly molecules to form an F layer, resulting in a block to additional sperm penetration.A lectin molecule has also been purified from the eggs of several species of fish. The fish egg lectin is located in the cortical alveoli and is released from them after fertilisation. However, its biological function is unclear. We isolated cortical alveolar lectin from unfertilised eggs of Chinook salmon through affinity column chromatography (salmon egg lectin; SEL). The lectin activity was estimated by haemagglutination. The activity of the purified SEL was most strongly inhibited by L-rhamnose and D-galactose, but not by EDTA. Further analysis by C4 reverse-phase column chromatography using HPLC revealed that the lectin was composed of three subunit proteins: 24K, 26Ka and 26Kb proteins. In addition, we cloned cDNAs for them by RT-PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 26Ka protein was homologous with that of the 26Kb protein (identity, 96.4%). Identities of the 24K with the 26Ka and the 26Kb proteins were 55.9% and 66.7%, respectively. A database search revealed that a lectin molecule similar to the SEL had been identified in Anthocidaris crassispina egg (sea urchin egg lectin; SUEL). The SUEL is composed of 105 amino acids, and is similar to both amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal halves of the SELs. Thus, the SEL molecule is composed of two repeats of such SUEL-like domains, suggesting that the SEL gene was produced by gene duplication.
Influence of Crop Competition and Harvest Weed Seed Control on Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Seed Retention Height in Wheat Crop Canopies
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Broster John C. , Aves Charlotte , Powles Stephen B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHarvest weed seed control (HWSC) is an Australian innovation, developed to target high proportions of weed seed retained at crop maturity by many major weed species. There is the potential, however, that a reduction in the average height of retained seed is an adaptation to the long-term use of HWSC practices. With the aim of examining the distribution of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidumGaudin) seed through crop canopies, a survey of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) fields was conducted at crop maturity. Nine sites with medium to long-term HWSC use were specifically included to examine the influence of HWSC use on seed retention height. During the 2013 wheat harvest,L. rigidumand wheat plant samples were collected at five heights downward through the crop canopy (40, 30, 20, 10, and 0 cm above ground level) in 71 wheat fields. Increased crop competition resulted in higher proportions ofL. rigidumseed in the upper crop canopy (>40 cm). The increase in plant height is likely a shade-intolerance response ofL. rigidumplants attempting to capture more light. This plant attribute creates the opportunity to use crop competition to improve HWSC efficacy by increasing the average height of seed retention. Crop competition can, therefore, have a double impact by reducing overallL. rigidumseed production and increasing seed retention height. Examining the distribution of wheat biomass andL. rigidumseed through the crop canopy, we determined that reducing harvest height for HWSC considerably increased the collection ofL. rigidumseed (25%) but to a lesser extent wheat crop biomass (14%). Comparison of + and − HWSC use at nine locations found no evidence of adaptation to this form of weed control following 5 to 10 yr of use. Although the potential for resistance to HWSC remains, these results indicate that this will not readily occur in the field.
MARSIS Observations of Field‐Aligned Irregularities and Ducted Radio Propagation in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Andrews D. J. , Opgenoorth H. J. , Leyser T. B. , Buchert S. , Edberg N. J. T. , Morgan D. D. , Gurnett D. A. , Kopf A. J. , Fallows K. , Withers P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKnowledge of Mars's ionosphere has been significantly advanced in recent years by observations from Mars Express and lately Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN. A topic of particular interest are the interactions between the planet's ionospheric plasma and its highly structured crustal magnetic fields and how these lead to the redistribution of plasma and affect the propagation of radio waves in the system. In this paper, we elucidate a possible relationship between two anomalous radar signatures previously reported in observations from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding instrument on Mars Express. Relatively uncommon observations of localized, extreme increases in the ionospheric peak density in regions of radial (cusp‐like) magnetic fields and spread echo radar signatures are shown to be coincident with ducting of the same radar pulses at higher altitudes on the same field lines. We suggest that these two observations are both caused by a high electric field (perpendicular to B) having distinctly different effects in two altitude regimes. At lower altitudes, where ions are demagnetized and electrons magnetized, and recombination dominantes, a high electric field causes irregularities, plasma turbulence, electron heating, slower recombination, and ultimately enhanced plasma densities. However, at higher altitudes, where both ions and electrons are magnetized and atomic oxygen ions cannot recombine directly, the high electric field instead causes frictional heating, a faster production of molecular ions by charge exchange, and so a density decrease. The latter enables ducting of radar pulses on closed field lines, in an analogous fashion to interhemispheric ducting in the Earth's ionosphere.
Connectivity of Pulley Ridge With Remote Locations as Inferred From Satellite‐Tracked Drifter Trajectories
Authors: Olascoaga M. J. , Miron P. , Paris C. , Pérez‐Brunius P. , Pérez‐Portela R. , Smith R. H. , Vaz A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing historical (1994–2017) satellite‐tracked surface drifter trajectory data, we conduct a probabilistic Lagrangian circulation study which sheds light on the connectivity of Pulley Ridge with other locations in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent areas. The analysis reveals that Pulley Ridge is connected with the North Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and most of the Gulf of Mexico. Preferred connecting pathways are identified and arrival times to potential reef sites computed. The study demonstrates the importance of Pulley Ridge as a source for neighboring regions like the Dry Tortugasa, the Florida Keys, Campeche Bank, and the east Florida coast as well as a self‐recruitment area for species with short competence time. The study further suggests that the reefs in the Caribbean Sea, the Dry Tortugas, the western Florida Keys, and the West Florida Shelf can act as sources for Pulley Ridge, indicating the importance of Pulley Ridge as a central refugium for species in the Gulf of Mexico.
Internal Structure of a Self‐Accelerating Turbidity Current
Authors: Sequeiros Octavio E. , Mosquera Rodrigo , Pedocchi Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA self‐accelerating current is a particle‐driven gravity flow moving on a sloping bed whose velocity surges in the downstream direction as a result of increasing suspended sediment concentration entrained from the bed. This concept although introduced decades ago has proved elusive to be measured, but it is critical to explain the increasing evidence that turbidity currents are arguably the leading process for conveying sediments down the continental slope and beyond. It implies that both flow velocity and suspended concentration increase due to a feedback loop up to the point where some external condition restrains the process. The higher the velocity is, the larger the grain size and sediment concentration that can be kept in suspension; conversely, the denser the flow is, the faster it moves downslope. This work documents laboratory experiments of plunging (hyperpycnal) turbidity currents composed of noncohesive particles ranging from 20 to 200 μm with a specific density of 1.5. The experiments were performed in a 15‐m‐long flume with a bottom slope of 5%. Self‐acceleration of the front and body of the flow was achieved during the experiments and documented using both video recordings and ultrasonic velocity profilers (UVP). The UVP backscatter signal was calibrated with physical samples and used for estimating suspended sediment concentration profiles. The plunging mechanism played a lead role during the experiments by purging the flow from suspended material beyond its capacity and from coarse grains beyond its competence. Self‐acceleration was observed in some of the performed tests. Acceleration of the current front was clearly recorded with the video cameras, while the UVP recordings captured acceleration within the current body along the flume. The measured depth‐averaged velocity in the current body was higher than the velocity of the current front, thus indicating an internal circulation pattern that shapes the current front and head. Our experiments indicate that a supercritical flow regime is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the occurrence of a self‐accelerating turbidity current. Whether the current self‐accelerates or not on a certain sloping bottom seems to be determined by flow discharge, concentration, size of suspended material, and availability of entrainable sediment at the bed. Deposits formed during the experiments showed that turbidites generated by self‐accelerating currents presented both less pronounced thinning and fining downstream rates than those generated by decelerating or depositional currents. This signature may be used in the sedimentary record to discern the turbidite forming flow.
Real‐Time Sensing of Precipitable Water Vapor From BeiDou Observations: Hong Kong and CMONOC Networks
Authors: Li Xingxing , Tan Han , Li Xin , Dick Galina , Wickert Jens , Schuh Harald 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) provides opportunities for real‐time retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV), which is expected to significantly contribute to time‐critical meteorological applications. In this study, observations from 17 stations of the Hong Kong Continuously Operating Reference Stations and 15 stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) are used to retrieve PWV based on the real‐time precise point positioning ambiguity resolution approach. Real‐time PWV products, retrieved from BDS observations of both summer (day of year 183–192) and winter (day of year 024–033) periods, are analyzed and validated using postprocessed Global Positioning System products. The results show that the real‐time BDS PWV series agree well with the Global Positioning System PWV series. Root‐mean‐square values for the Hong Kong Continuously Operating Reference Stations and CMONOC stations are 2.0–3.5 and 2.5–4.0 mm, respectively. In addition, short initialization time, strong reliability, and good distribution could be achieved by applying the fixed solution instead of the float solution. With the gradual completion of BDS constellation, the BDS can independently contribute to real‐time sensing of PWV and potentially contribute to time‐critical meteorological applications.
Methane Efflux Measured by Eddy Covariance in Alaskan Upland Tundra Undergoing Permafrost Degradation
Authors: Taylor M. A. , Celis G. , Ledman J. D. , Bracho R. , Schuur E. A. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGreenhouse gas emissions from thawing permafrost in arctic ecosystems may amplify global warming, yet estimates of the rate of carbon release, and the proportion of carbon released as methane (CH4) or carbon dioxide (CO2), have a high degree of uncertainty. There are many areas where no measurements exist, and few year‐round or long‐term records. Existing year‐round eddy covariance measurements of arctic CH4fluxes suggest that nongrowing season emissions make up a significant proportion of tundra systems emissions on an annual basis. Here we present continuous CH4flux measurements made at Eight Mile Lake, an upland tundra ecosystem undergoing permafrost degradation in Interior Alaska. We found net CH4emissions throughout the year (1.2 ∓ 0.011 g C‐CH4m2/yr) that made up 61% of total radiative forcing from annual C emissions (CO2and CH4; 32.3 g C m2/yr) when taking into account the greenhouse warming potential of CH4relative to CO2. Nongrowing season emissions accounted for 50% of the annual CH4budget, characterized by large pulse emissions. These were related to abrupt increases in air and shallow soil temperatures rather than consistent emissions during the zero curtain—a period of the fall/early winter season when subsurface soil temperatures remain near the 0 °C freezing point. Weekly growing season CH4emissions in 2016 and 2017 were significantly related with thaw depth, and the magnitude of CH4emissions between these seasons was proportional to the rate of active layer thaw throughout the season.