bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДАРКНЕТ КАК УСКОЛЬЗАЮЩАЯ СФЕРА ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Васильев Антон , Ибрагимов Жамалaден , Васильева Ольга 
Published: July 2019

Правовая система России в последние десятилетия очевидно столкнулась с вызовами глобальной электронной сети. Связаны они прежде всего с тем, что многие группы правоотношений, традиционно существовавшие в «материальном» виде, перемещаются в киберпространство. Речь идет не только о масштабной цифровизации сферы купли-продажи, но и о тех областях права, в отношении которых их перемещение в интернет ранее никто не предполагал (сфера государственных услуг, электронное избирательное право и пр.). Еще более угрожающей представляется проблема использования Даркнет в криминальных сферах.
Отсутствие какого бы то ни было системного правового регулирования в этой области и даже минимального набора основных правовых терминов делает отечественное законодательство беззащитным перед стремительно развивающимся Даркнентом. В статье предлагается авторское осмысление основных проблемных вопросов Даркнета как предмета правового регулирования, соотношение идей свободы и анонимности в сети и защиты государственных и частных интересов. Формулирование концепции правового регулирования в отношении Даркнета должно послужить отправной точкой на этом пути.
Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Roots and Shoots in the Aquatic Selenium Hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Xiang Jiqian , Ming Jiajia , Yin Hongqing , Zhu Yunfen , Li Yajie , Long Lan , Ye Ziyun , Wang Haiying , Wang Xiaoe , Zhang Fan , Yang Yongkang , Yang Chaodong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe perennial selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae) thrives in aquatic and subaquatic Se-rich environments along the Wuling Mountains, China. Using bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy, the present study determined the anatomical structures and histochemical features that allow this species to survive in Se-rich aquatic environments. The roots of C. hupingshanensis have an endodermis with Casparian walls, suberin lamellae, and lignified secondary cell walls; the cortex and hypodermal walls have phi (Φ) thickenings; and the mature taproots have a secondary structure with a periderm. The stems possess a lignified sclerenchymal ring and an endodermis, and the pith and cortex walls have polysaccharide-rich collenchyma. Air spaces are present in the intercellular spaces and aerenchyma in the cortex and pith of the roots and shoots. The dense fine roots with lignified Φ thickenings and polysaccharide-rich collenchyma in the shoots may allow C. hupingshanensis to hyperaccumulate Se. Overall, our study elucidated the anatomical features that permit C. hupingshanensis to thrive in Se-rich aquatic environments.
Influence of Quercus petraea Liebl. wood structure on the permeation of oxygen through wine barrel staves
Authors: Nevares Ignacio , del Alamo-Sanza Maria , Martínez-Martínez Víctor , Menéndez-Miguélez María , Van den Bulcke Jan , Van Acker Joris 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The anatomical characteristics of oak wood, which is usually employed for making wine barrels, affect the properties of the wine, because these characteristics are related to the chemical compounds that can be potentially transferred to wine during the aging process. Grain, as the rate of tree growth, is the most commonly employed parameter to define the quality of the oak wood used in cooperage. Nevertheless, oxygen is a key factor in this process and there are few articles that evaluate the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the wood employed in cooperage. This work presents the evaluation of the anatomical characteristics of the French oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) measured with X-ray computed tomography and the OTR of 267 wood samples extracted from recently constructed wine barrels. This study demonstrates that the OTR is dependent on the anatomical features of oak wood, the first step to classify a natural material as wood for custom oxygenation barrel making. OTR cannot be determined from the wood grain or any other single property because it depends on the overall anatomical characteristics of each wood sample, the grain and the average earlywood and latewood width being the three parameters with a stronger correlation with the OTR.
Bayesian Detection of Piecewise Linear Trends in Replicated Time-Series with Application to Growth Data Modelling
Authors: Papastamoulis Panagiotis , Furukawa Takanori , van Rhijn Norman , Bromley Michael , Bignell Elaine , Rattray Magnus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We consider the situation where a temporal process is composed of contiguous segments with differing slopes and replicated noise-corrupted time series measurements are observed. The unknown mean of the data generating process is modelled as a piecewise linear function of time with an unknown number of change-points. We develop a Bayesian approach to infer the joint posterior distribution of the number and position of change-points as well as the unknown mean parameters. A-priori, the proposed model uses an overfitting number of mean parameters but, conditionally on a set of change-points, only a subset of them influences the likelihood. An exponentially decreasing prior distribution on the number of change-points gives rise to a posterior distribution concentrating on sparse representations of the underlying sequence. A Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler is constructed for approximating the posterior distribution. Our method is benchmarked using simulated data and is applied to uncover differences in the dynamics of fungal growth from imaging time course data collected from different strains. The source code is available on CRAN.
Development of a Dynamic Information Fractal Framework to Monitor and Optimise Sustainability in Food Distribution Network
Authors: Saad Sameh M. , Bahadori Ramin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research paper is to develop a new framework for an information fractal to improve the food distribution network sustainability through two variables; Greenfield service constraints and minimum vehicle weight fill level on board. This paper applies the proposed framework to a hypothetical distribution network. Further, Supply Chain GURU Software is adapted to implement Greenfield analysis to identify the optimal number and location for setting up the new facilities through different Greenfield service constraints. A new Green Split Delivery-Vehicle Routing Problem also is developed to minimise CO2 emission and implemented using the simulated annealing algorithm. The results revealed that the proposed dynamic control system has led to an enhancement in both collaboration and integration to decide upon the optimal number and location of distribution facilities as well as optimal vehicle weight fill levels to improve the sustainability throughout the food distribution chain.
A rare case of clomiphene-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Authors: Garg Yashika , Jain Sourabh , Kumar Arun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClomiphene citrate is a first-line drug for the induction of ovulation in infertility cases. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is an extremely rare serious adverse drug reaction to clomiphene. We report here the case of a 30-year-old Indian female patient who presented with generalized petechiae and palpable purpura without fever and sparing the mucosa, temporally related to clomiphene intake and consistent with LCV histologically. Clomiphene was stopped and the patient was treated symptomatically with prednisolone 40 mg/day, oral levocetirizine 5 mg twice daily, and emollients and calamine lotion topically. The patient improved over 3–4 weeks. The prednisolone dose was tapered weekly and withdrawn gradually. To date, drug-induced LCV has not been previously reported with clomiphene. Although rare, clomiphene could be considered a potential cause of drug-induced cutaneous LCV in the differential diagnosis of erythematosus rash with non-blanching petechiae and purpura.
Evaluation of Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating with APD on Designed Optical Fiber Communication Link
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Rathee Shiwani , Arora Payal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in optical communication is an evolving field. In this research paper, various types of chirped FBG’s (CFBG) have been used with avalanche photodiode (APD) on the designed optical fiber communication (OFC) link. Data rate of 20 Gbps and return-to-zero modulation format has been kept as fixed parameters. The designed link has been evaluated for varying fiber lengths (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 km), various type of CFBG’s (linear, quadratic, square root and cubic root) with Gaussian apodization function, varying grating lengths (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm) and operating temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C). The designed OFC link has also been evaluated for APD with and without CFBG. The performance evaluation matrix parameters selected are Q-factor, bit error rate and eye diagram. The OFC link employing CFBG with APD has been found to be superior. In compensating chromatic dispersion, optimum results have been observed for linear CFBG with Gaussian apodization function in comparison to other types of CFBG with 50 mm grating length for the maximum transmission distance.
Be on TRAQ – Cross-cultural adaptation of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ 5.0) and pilot testing of the German Version (TRAQ-GV-15)
Authors: Culen Caroline , Herle Marion , König Marianne , Hemberger Sophie-Helene , Seferagic Sanja , Talaska Carolin , Ertl Diana-Alexandra , Wagner Gudrun , Straub Christine , Johnson Kiana , Wood David L. , Häusler Gabriele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTransfer from pediatric care into the adult health care system is known to be a vulnerable phase in the lives of youth with special health care needs (YSHCN). Recommendations from the literature favor assessment of transition readiness rather than simply pass over YSHCN from pediatric to adult-centered care by the age of 18. Nevertheless, no validated and disease neutral assessment instrument in German exists to date. Hence, our aim was to cross-culturally adapt and to pilot-test a German version of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ 5.0). We wanted to provide a tool that can be applied broadly during the health care transition (HCT) process of YSHCN.MethodsThe development included translating and adapting TRAQ 5.0 to German and conducting a pilot-study with 172 YSHCN between the ages of 14 and 23.ResultsCross-cultural adaptation resulted in the TRAQ-GV-15. Exploratory factor analysis led to a 3 factor-structure. Internal consistency for the overall score was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82. Age, in contrast to sex, had a significant effect on the TRAQ scoring. The administration of the TRAQ-GV-15 was well received and demonstrated good feasibility.ConclusionThe TRAQ-GV-15 is an easily applicable and clinically usable instrument for assessing transition readiness in German speaking YSHCN prior to HCT.
Heterogeneous Partnerships in A Fragile Environment: A Study of Motives for Collaboration in Myanmar
Authors: Nolte Isabella M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRelationships between international aid organizations and their local partners in the Global South are often problematic, with criticisms relating to paternalistic structures and inequality. In this study, empirical data from organizations working in heterogeneous partnerships in Myanmar is used to analyse motives for collaboration between international and local organizations. This study’s findings stress that both local and international organizations often focus on short-term program needs, while motives that relate to organizational goals, such as networking, improved reputation, or advocacy, are less prevailing. For development assistance to be successful in the long run, power imbalances between international and local organizations need to be addressed and a stronger sense of equality between partnering organizations must be promoted.
Particle contamination monitoring in the backscattering light experiment for LISA
Authors: Di Pace Sibilla , Dabbech Arwa , Khodnevych Vitalii , Lintz Michel , Dinu-Jaeger Nicoleta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the context of space-based optics, contamination due to particle deposition on the optics is inevitable and constitutes a critical issue. This gets more challenging for the sensitive heterodyne measurements of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the space-based gravitational wave observatory to be launched in 2034. Therefore, table-top experiments need to be developed for a better understanding of how micrometer to millimeter sized dust particles, present on optical surfaces, affect LISA measurements. In this work, we present an experimental setup for the simultaneous measurement of the coherent backscattering and the monitoring of particles deposition on the optics to be tested. The results of the first measurements are presented and discussed in this article.
Peak expiratory flow rate and thoracic mobility in people with fibromyalgia. A cross sectional study
Authors: Jonsson Kent , Peterson Magnus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain and affects approximately 1–3% of the general population. Respiratory function has not been given much consideration in people with FM. Few studies have been published concerning FM and respiratory function and conflicting data still exist. The aim of this study was to compare differences in forced expiration, but also to investigate chest expansion, spinal mobility and segmental pain intensity between a group with fibromyalgia and healthy controls.

Methods
Forty-one women with diagnosed FM based on American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria and forty-one controls without pain matched for age and gender participated in this cross-sectional study. For evaluation of forced expiration, a Wright peak expiratory flow rate meter was used. A tape measure was used to measure the mobility of the thorax at maximum inhalation and exhalation known as chest expansion. Spinal mobility was measured with the Cervico-thoracic ratio method. The spinal mobility was measured as range of motion from C7 to 15 cm below in flexion and manual palpation was conducted between C7-T5. For differences in pain intensity a palpation-index was defined for each level, respectively; C7-T1, T1-2, T2-3, T3-4 and T4-5 by calculating the mean value for the four different palpation points for each motion segment. A combined measure of expiration and thoracic mobility (expiratory/inspiratory ratio) was calculated by dividing peak expiratory flow rate (L/min) with chest expansion (cm). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics to describe subjects and controls, means and standard deviation to compare differences between groups and student-t and Chi-square (χ2) tests, using SPSS 22 software. Confidence interval was set to 95%.

Results
In the FM group 17 had the diagnosis for more than 5 years and 24 less than 5 years. The FM group demonstrated significantly lower forced expiration (p < 0.018), less thoracic expansion (p < 0.001), reduced spinal mobility (p < 0.029), higher expiratory-inspiratory ratio value (p < 0.001) and increased palpation pain over C7-T5 (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. There were more smokers in the FM group (n = 9) compared to the controls (n = 5) though this difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.24) and excluding the few smokers yielded similar result. No significant correlations for manual palpation, chest expansion, peak expiratory flow rate and spinal mobility were found in the FM group.

Conclusions
Women with FM demonstrated significantly lower forced expiration and thoracic mobility compared to healthy controls.

Implications
The results of this study point to a plausible restriction of respiratory function which in turn may have effect on physical endurance and work capacity in people with FM.
Schemata zur agnatischen und kognatischen Verwandtschaft nach römischem Recht in Handschriften mit westgotisch-römischem Recht, II: Das Schema zu den cognati
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Schemata of agnatic and cognatic kinship according to Roman law in manuscripts of Visigothic-Roman law II: The schema of the cognati. Following ZRG RA 134 (2017) 353–408, the subject of this article is the schema of cognatic kinship. The schema has been transmitted by several manuscripts of the Lex Romana Visigothorum alongside an excerpt from Aelius Gallus' De verborum, quae ad ius pertinent, significatione, two schemata of agnatic kinship, and a schema of succession according to ius civile. The article offers a critical edition of the schema.
Arbeitsplätze ohne formale Qualifikationsanforderungen in der Schweiz
Authors: Hassler Benedikt , Widmer Lea , Geisen Thomas , Amstutz Nathalie , Scheidegger Nico , Wenger Nadine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aktuelle politische und wissenschaftliche Debatten zum Schweizer Arbeitsmarkt fokussieren insbesondere auf den sogenannten Fachkräftemangel. Aufgrund dieser Fokussierung fehlt bislang weitgehend Wissen dazu, wie für Arbeitsplätze ohne formale Qualifikationsanforderungen in der Schweiz Arbeitskräfte rekrutiert werden. Basierend auf einer qualitativen Studie geht der vorliegende Artikel dieser Frage nach. Die Resultate des Artikels zeigen, dass Sprachfähigkeiten, körperliche Konstitution, Leistungsbereitschaft und Identifikation mit dem Unternehmen eine bedeutende Rolle im Rahmen der Rekrutierung spielen. Diese Anforderungskriterien lassen sich allerdings nur schwer anhand von Bewerbungsunterlagen oder in Vorstellungsgesprächen feststellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnen messbare Selektionskriterien wie Alter, Geschlecht, Herkunft und Berufsabschlüsse an Relevanz. Außerdem setzen Betriebe im Rahmen der Rekrutierung auf Probearbeitstage und andere „Tests“ oder rekrutieren vornehmlich über den (erweiterten) internen Arbeitsmarkt. Dies sind zentrale Erkenntnisse für die Unterstützung von erwerbsarbeitslosen Menschen im Rahmen der sozialstaatlichen Arbeitsintegration.
Effects of 6-month vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lemieux Patricia , Weisnagel S John , Caron Annabelle Z , Julien Anne-Sophie , Morisset Anne-Sophie , Carreau Anne-Marie , Poirier Jonathan , Tchernof André , Robitaille Julie , Bergeron Jean , Marette André , Vohl Marie-Claude , Gagnon Claudia 
Published: July 2019

Objective
To determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

Design
This single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomised 96 participants at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to vitamin D3 5000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months.

Methods
We assessed at baseline and 6 months: (1) primary aim: peripheral insulin sensitivity (M-value using a 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); (2) secondary aims: other insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S, Matsuda) and insulin secretion (insulinogenic index, C-peptide area under the curve, HOMA2-B) indices using a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); β-cell function (disposition index: M-value × insulinogenic index); fasting and 2-h glucose post OGTT; HbA1c; anthropometry.

Results
Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (% or mean ± s.d.): women 38.5%; age 58.7 ± 9.4 years; BMI 32.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; prediabetes 35.8%; diabetes 20.0%; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 51.1 ± 14.2 nmol/L. At 6 months, mean 25(OH)D reached 127.6 ± 26.3 nmol/L and 51.8 ± 16.5 nmol/L in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.001). A beneficial effect of vitamin D3 compared with placebo was observed on M-value (mean change (95% CI): 0.92 (0.24–1.59) vs −0.03 (−0.73 to 0.67); P = 0.009) and disposition index (mean change (95% CI): 267.0 (−343.4 to 877.4) vs −55.5 (−696.3 to 585.3); P = 0.039) after 6 months. No effect was seen on other outcomes.

Conclusions
In individuals at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation for 6 months significantly increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that it may slow metabolic deterioration in this population.
Spatial Regulation of Polo-Like Kinase Activity During Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by the Nucleoplasmic HAL-2/HAL-3 Complex
Authors: Roelens Baptiste , Barroso Consuelo , Montoya Alex , Cutillas Pedro , Zhang Weibin , Woglar Alexander , Girard Chloe , Martinez-Perez Enrique , Villeneuve Anne M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Proper partitioning of homologous chromosomes during meiosis relies on the coordinated execution of multiple interconnected events: Homologs must locate, recognize, and align with their correct pairing partners. Further, homolog pairing must be coupled to assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC), a meiosis-specific tripartite structure that maintains stable associations between the axes of aligned homologs and regulates formation of crossovers between their DNA molecules to create linkages that enable their segregation. Here, we identify HAL-3 (Homolog Alignment 3) as an important player in coordinating these key events during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis. HAL-3, and the previously identified HAL-2, are interacting and interdependent components of a protein complex that localizes to the nucleoplasm of germ cells. hal-3 (or hal-2) mutants exhibit multiple meiotic prophase defects including failure to establish homolog pairing, inappropriate loading of SC subunits onto unpaired chromosome axes, and premature loss of synapsis checkpoint protein PCH-2. Further, loss of hal function results in misregulation of the subcellular localization and activity of Polo-like kinases (PLK-1 and PLK-2), which dynamically localize to different defined subnuclear sites during wild-type prophase progression to regulate distinct cellular events. Moreover, loss of PLK-2 activity partially restores tripartite SC structure in a hal mutant background, suggesting that the defect in pairwise SC assembly in hal mutants reflects inappropriate PLK activity. Together, our data support a model in which the nucleoplasmic HAL-2/HAL-3 protein complex constrains both localization and activity of meiotic Polo-like kinases, thereby preventing premature interaction with stage-inappropriate targets.
The Analysis of Obligation Disputes on Returned Partnership Funds in Religious High Court of Medan
Authors: Effendi Cucu Susilawati 
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by the partnership dispute on financing contract between PT. Bank Sumut Syariah;Branch Padang sidimpuan and Rip. Ongku Sutan Harahap. its dispute was occurred after the customer death,and so on causing the termination of the financing installment, because the financing is not covered by the insurance, so the bank asks the heir to be responsible for completing the remaining installment of the financing. The settlement of the dispute is settled through a litigation under the agreement of both parties to the dispute. The results of this study obtained that, PT. Bank Sumut Syariah Branch of Padangsidimpuan has neglected to apply the principle of prudence in the musyarakah (partnership) financing contract, namely disbursing financing funds without first being insured. Therefore, the Panel of Judges of Medan Religious Court granted the heirs' petition. But the decision was canceled by the Medan High Religious Court, because the Panel of Judges found a formal defect in the form of obscuur libel, error in persona, disqualification in person. The formal defect resulted in the lawsuit not being accepted or N.O. (Niet Ontvankelijk verklaard). With the verdict N.O (Niet Ontvankelijk verklaard), the case becomes the quo status, it means back to its original state. Thus, the partnership (musyarakah) financing contract will remain valid and binding on both parties, their rights and obligations must be implemented in accordance with the contract.