bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cytochrome P450 mRNAs in Type II alveolar cells from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kamata Satoshi , Fujino Naoya , Yamada Mitsuhiro , Grime Ken , Suzuki Satoshi , Ota Chiharu , Tando Yukiko , Okada Yoshinori , Sakurada Akira , Noda Masafumi , Matsuda Yasushi , Sugiura Hisatoshi , Ichinose Masakazu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInhaled drugs are critical for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To develop better therapeutics for pulmonary disease it is of potential importance to understand molecular mechanisms of local biotransformation in the lung. Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells have a key role in homeostasis in the lung, but little is known about expression patterns of genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in ATII cells. In addition, alteration of CYP gene expression has not been fully defined in COPD. We previously established a method to purify ATII cells from the adult human lung using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. By employing this technique we determined gene expression patterns of 14 CYP enzymes in ATII cells from nonsmokers (n = 4) and smokers (n = 4), both having normal pulmonary function. Although most CYP genes are highly expressed in primary hepatocytes, we found that CYP1B1 mRNA expression was 7.2‐fold higher in ATII compared to hepatocytes (P = .0275). Additionally we noted a 3.0‐fold upregulation of CYP2C19 and 50% reduction in CYP2J2 mRNA expressions in ATII cells isolated from patients with COPD (n = 3) compared to smokers without COPD (n = 4). These data, for the first time, detail a comprehensive set of genes encoding CYP enzymes in human ATII cells and highlights differentially expressed CYP mRNAs of patients with COPD. Such understanding may have important implications for the development of novel inhaled drugs.
African transnational families: Cross‐country and gendered comparisons
Authors: Caarls Kim , Haagsman Karlijn , Kraus Elisabeth K. , Mazzucato Valentina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudies indicated differences between transnational family life for migrant mothers and fathers and that the effects on their “left‐behind” children differ according to who migrates. Yet little is known about why these differences exist. This paper aims to fill this gap by comparing transnational and nontransnational African families with parents living in Europe to understand their different family structures. We analyse three datasets with information on migrants from five African origin countries in eight European countries. Our analyses reveal important differences between transnational and nontransnational families and between transnational mothers and fathers. Transnational mothers are more often single, have children from multiple relationships, and start family life earlier than transnational fathers and nontransnational parents. This corresponds closely to what family sociologists have found make “fragile families” among nonmigrants. Our work thus indicates that policies aiming to improve migrants' lives need to consider the disadvantages that particularly migrant women experience in maintaining their family life.
Migration and parental absence:Acomparative assessment of transnational families inLatinAmerica
Authors: DeWaard Jack , Nobles Jenna , Donato Katharine M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite growing research on transnational families and children's welfare in migrant‐sending countries, there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of, what we call,parental absence via migration, especially relative to other sources of parental absence, and a lack of estimates that are comparable across populations and places. This makes it difficult to determine the scale for policy interventions and to justify future research on transnational families and children's welfare. Using harmonised surveys covering eight Latin American countries and Puerto Rico, validated by nationally representative census and survey data, we provide the first estimates of the prevalence parental absence via migration that are comparable across populations in contemporary Latin America. We show that between 7% and 21% of children live in transnational families where parents are absent because of migration. We compare our estimates to similar estimates of parental absence from other sources and show that, in several populations, more children are experiencing parental absence due to migration than to union dissolution or parental mortality. Finally, we link our descriptive work to children's welfare by examining the characteristics of children's home environments when parents migrate. Children living in families with absent parents due to migration are less likely to coreside with extended family members and to fare better in terms of household assets, relative to children living in other family forms. We conclude by highlighting the limitations of the data, and underscore the value of attempts to estimate the prevalence of parental absence via migration.
Intratendinous Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease: A First-In-Human Trial
Authors: Jo Chris H. , Chai Jee Won , Jeong Eui Cheol , Oh Sohee , Kim Paul S. , Yoon Jeong Yong , Yoon Kang Sup 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite relatively good results of current symptomatic treatments for rotator cuff disease, there has been an unmet need for fundamental treatments to halt or reverse the progress of disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intratendinous injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD MSCs) in patients with rotator cuff disease. The first part of the study consists of three dose-escalation cohorts; the low- (1.0 × 107 cells), mid- (5.0 × 107), and high-dose (1.0 × 108) groups with three patients each for the evaluation of the safety and tolerability. The second part included nine patients receiving the high-dose for the evaluation of the exploratory efficacy. The primary outcomes were the safety and the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included clinical, radiological, and arthroscopic evaluations. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study, and two patients were excluded. Intratendinous injection of AD MSCs was not associated with adverse events. It significantly decreased the SPADI scores by 80% and 77% in the mid- and high-dose groups, respectively. Shoulder pain was significantly alleviated by 71% in the high-dose group. Magnetic resonance imaging examination showed that volume of the bursal-side defect significantly decreased by 90% in the high-dose group. Arthroscopic examination demonstrated that volume of the articular- and bursal-side defects decreased by 83% and 90% in the mid- and high-dose groups, respectively. Intratendinous injection of autologous AD MSCs in patient with a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear did not cause adverse events, but improved shoulder function, and relieved pain through regeneration of rotator cuff tendon.
The effect of authentic project‐based learning on attitudes and career aspirations in STEM
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Kim Michelle H. , Saterbak Ann , Leautaud Veronica , Bishnoi Sandra , Gilberto Jaqueline M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCan engaging college students in client‐centered projects in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework increase interest in STEM professions? The current study explored the effectiveness of project‐based learning (PjBL) courses on student attitudes, major choice, and career aspirations in STEM. Framed in expectancy‐value and social cognitive career choice models, we examined the effect of engaging in at least one authentic, project‐based course during the first four semesters of college on student STEM attitudes and career aspirations in a quasi‐experimental study with a sample of (N = 492) natural science and engineering students. STEM self‐efficacy and subjective task value variables (STEM attainment, intrinsic and utility value of STEM courses, and relative cost associated with engaging in STEM courses) were examined as mediators of the relationship between classroom project‐based experiences and STEM career aspirations. Gender and underrepresented minority status were also examined. We found that engaging in at least one project‐based course during the first four semesters affected student perceptions of STEM skills, perceptions of the utility value of participating in STEM courses, and STEM career aspirations. Furthermore, we found that the effect of project‐based courses on STEM career aspirations was mediated by STEM skills and perceptions of course utility. The effect of PjBL was not moderated by race or gender. We highlight areas of future research and the promise of PjBL for engaging students in STEM professions.
Vasa previa screening strategies: decision and cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Sinkey R. G. , Odibo A. O. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo perform a decision and cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing four screening strategies for the antenatal diagnosis of vasa previa in singleton pregnancies.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was constructed comparing vasa previa screening strategies. Published probabilities and costs were applied to four transvaginal screening scenarios that were carried out at the time of mid‐trimester ultrasound: no screening, ultrasound‐indicated screening, screening only pregnancies conceived by in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) and universal screening. Ultrasound‐indicated screening was defined as performing transvaginal ultrasound at the time of the routine anatomy ultrasound scan in response to one of the following sonographic findings associated with an increased risk of vasa previa: low‐lying placenta, marginal or velamentous cord insertion or bilobed or succenturiate lobed placenta. The primary outcome was cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) in US$. The analysis was performed from a healthcare system perspective with a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY selected. One‐way and multivariate sensitivity analysis (Monte‐Carlo simulation) was performed.ResultsThis decision‐analytic model demonstrated that screening pregnancies conceived by IVF was the most cost‐effective strategy, with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $29186.50/QALY. Ultrasound‐indicated screening was the second most cost‐effective, with an ICER of $56096.77/QALY. These data were robust to all one‐way and multivariate sensitivity analyses performed.ConclusionsWithin the baseline assumptions, transvaginal ultrasound screening for vasa previa appears to be most cost‐effective when performed among IVF pregnancies. However, both IVF and ultrasound‐indicated screening strategies fall within contemporary willingness‐to‐pay thresholds, suggesting that both strategies may be appropriate to apply in clinical practice. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Serological, cultural and molecular evidence of Brucella melitensis infection in goats in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: ElTahir Yasmin , Al Toobi Al Ghalya , Al‐Marzooqi Waleed , Mahgoub Osman , Jay Maryne , Corde Yannick , Al Lawati Hadi , Bose Shekar , Al Hamrashdi Abeer , Al Kharousi Kaadhia , Al‐Saqri Nasseb , Al Busaidi Rudaina , Johnson Eugene H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBrucellosis, one of the most common zoonotic diseases and has significant public health and economic importance worldwide. Few studies and reports have been performed to estimate the true prevalence of animal brucellosis in the Sultanate of Oman; however, no incidence of the disease was previously reported in Al Jabal Al Akhdar. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats in eight villages in Al Jebal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman, namely: Al Aqaieb, Al Helailat, Al Ghilayil, Hail Al Hedap, Da'an Al Hamra, Shnoot, Al Qasha'e and Al Sarah, Al Jabal Al Akhdar in the Sultanate of Oman. In this study we used different diagnostic serological tests, namely, RBT, I‐ELISA and CFT to study the prevalence of Brucella infection in goats in Al Jabal Al Akhdar. Statistical analysis using Kappa statistics was used to compare the performance of the serological tests. Biochemical tests and species‐specific Multiplex PCR were used to identify the brucella species involved in the infection. A structured questionnaire and Chi‐square (x2) statistical analysis was used to identify related brucellosis risk factors. This study is the first to reveal brucellosis infection in goats in eight villages in Al Jebal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman, namely: Al Aqaieb, Al Helailat, Al Ghilayil, Hail Al Hedap, Da'an Al Hamra, Shnoot, Al Qasha'e and Al Sarah, with an overall seroprevalence of 11.1%. The study also compared the performance of three different serological tests, namely, RBT, I‐ELISA and CFT. Statistical analysis using Kappa statistics showed that the degree of agreement was best seen between RBT and CFT (96%), followed by RBT, I‐ ELISA (91.4%) and CFT and I‐ ELISA (89.2%). Biochemical tests and species‐specific Multiplex PCR showed the typical profile for B. melitensis. A structured questionnaire and Chi‐square (x2) statistical analysis indicated that the presence of abortion is the major risk factor for the prevalence of brucellosis, whereas age and sex were not significant factors in the tested animals. Besides, poor knowledge about brucellosis, consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products, free trade of animals and the introduction of new animal breeds to herds were all contributing risk factors to the prevalence of brucellosis. The prevalence of human brucellosis obtained verbally from pastoralists gave an insight that brucellosis could pose a public health hazard, especially in those high‐risk groups, mainly the pastoralists in the study area. Because of their constant and increasing interaction with their animals, pastoralists could be at a high risk of occupational infection.
Bidding strategies in Austrian and German balancing power auctions
Authors: Ocker Fabian , Ehrhart Karl‐Martin , Ott Marion 
Published: May 2018

Balancing power markets involve complex procurement auction mechanisms that are challenging both to design for auctioneers and to take part in for suppliers. Recent empirical work indicates that auction results from Austria and Germany do not match game‐theoretic predictions. Instead, suppliers adjust their bids to previous auctions results and do not reveal their actual costs within their bids. Therefore, this work focuses on bidding strategies of suppliers in the Austrian and German automatically‐activated Frequency Restoration Reserve auctions. First, the operating principle of the auctions is analyzed and the cost and profit structures are illustrated. Then, a theoretic approach for the derivation of optimal bidding strategies is presented, that allows the integration of price expectations based on historical market data. We validate our approach by a numerical application of the bidder's calculus. Finally, our theoretic results are confronted with Austrian and German auction outcomes. We find evidence that the identified bidding strategies are applied by the suppliers.This article is categorized under:
Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy
Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Concentrating Solar Power > Economics and Policy
Low-phytate wholegrain bread instead of high-phytate wholegrain bread in a total diet context did not improve iron status of healthy Swedish females: a 12-week, randomized, parallel-design intervention study
Authors: Hoppe Michael , Ross Alastair B. , Svelander Cecilia , Sandberg Ann-Sofie , Hulthén Lena 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of eating wholegrain rye bread with high or low amounts of phytate on iron status in women under free-living conditions.

Methods
In this 12-week, randomized, parallel-design intervention study, 102 females were allocated into two groups, a high-phytate-bread group or a low-phytate-bread group. These two groups were administered: 200 g of blanched wholegrain rye bread/day, or 200 g dephytinized wholegrain rye bread/day. The bread was administered in addition to their habitual daily diet. Iron status biomarkers and plasma alkylresorcinols were analyzed at baseline and post-intervention.

Results
Fifty-five females completed the study. In the high-phytate-bread group (n = 31) there was no change in any of the iron status biomarkers after 12 weeks of intervention (p > 0.05). In the low-phytate bread group (n = 24) there were significant decreases in both ferritin (mean = 12%; from 32 ± 7 to 27 ± 6 µg/L, geometric mean ± SEM, p < 0.018) and total body iron (mean = 12%; from 6.9 ± 1.4 to 5.4 ± 1.1 mg/kg, p < 0.035). Plasma alkylresorcinols indicated that most subjects complied with the intervention.

Conclusions
In Swedish females of reproductive age, 12 weeks of high-phytate wholegrain bread consumption had no effect on iron status. However, consumption of low-phytate wholegrain bread for 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of markers of iron status. Although single-meal studies clearly show an increase in iron bioavailability from dephytinization of cereals, medium-term consumption of reduced phytate bread under free-living conditions suggests that this strategy does not work to improve iron status in healthy women of reproductive age.
Do Deep Disagreements Motivate Relativism?
Authors: Lavorerio Victoria 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn his 2014 article “Motivations for Relativism as a Solution to Disagreements”, Steven Hales argues that relativism is a plausible disagreement resolution strategy for epistemically irresolvable disagreements. I argue that his relativistic strategy is not adequate for disagreements of this kind, because it demands an impossible doxastic state for disputants to resolve the disagreement. Contrarily, Fogelin’s (Informal Log 7(1):1–8, 1985) theory of deep disagreement does not run into the same problems. Deep disagreements, according to Fogelin, cannot be resolved through argumentation because the conditions for argumentation are lacking in such contexts. I advance the view that deep disagreements arise due to differences in disputants’ mutually supporting interrelated beliefs. This view avoids the hurdles caused by the tiered structure of support found at the heart of Hales’s view on disagreement: the assumption that belief and perspective can be separated, and that disagreement is located (in the latter).
Thanatophoric Dysplasia and the Brain—A Perinatal Pathology Study
Authors: Shinde Roopa R. , Srinivasan Lata , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyse all cases of thanatophoric dysplasia and document the associated CNS anomalies. A retrospective study of all cases of thanatophoric dysplasia diagnosed in the department of perinatal pathology from January 2009 to December 2016. The various associated findings with due reference to the CNS manifestations were analyzed. During the study period, 7741 foetal autopsies were done, of which 24 (0.31%) were diagnosed to have thanatophoric dysplasia. The brain of one case was autolysed and hence, this had been excluded from this study. Of the 23 cases, 19 were of type 1 (83%) and 4 were of type 2 (17%). CNS anomalies were present in all. In our series, the characteristic findings seen in TD type 1 were enlarged skull, short neck, narrow thorax, protuberant abdomen, severe rhizoacromelic shortening of all four limbs with bowing of lower limbs. Whereas, type 2 manifested with large clover leaf skull with frontal bossing, short neck, short ribs, protuberant abdomen, severe rhizoacromelic shortening of all four limbs. Both the types had their characteristic fetogram findings. Central nervous system anomalies were seen in all 23 cases; which were multiple bilateral clefts seen in the inferior surface of the temporal lobe and medial surface of the occipital lobe. There were no noticeable differences in CNS abnormalities between TD type I and II. Clefting disorders consistently seen in the present series and in other reports calls for attention to be given to cortical malformations of the temporal lobe. This constellation of brain abnormalities needs recognition in fetal imaging and we propose that this should be included in the guidelines for diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia.
The effect of a Holocene climatic optimum on the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet during the last 10 kyr
Authors: NIELSEN LISBETH T. , AÐALGEIRSDÓTTIR GUðFINNA , GKINIS VASILEIOS , NUTERMAN ROMAN , HVIDBERG CHRISTINE S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe Holocene climatic optimum was a period 8–5 kyr ago when annual mean surface temperatures in Greenland were 2–3°C warmer than present-day values. However, this warming left little imprint on commonly used temperature proxies often used to derive the climate forcing for simulations of the past evolution of the Greenland ice sheet. In this study, we investigate the evolution of the Greenland ice sheet through the Holocene when forced by different proxy-derived temperature histories from ice core records, focusing on the effect of sustained higher surface temperatures during the early Holocene. We find that the ice sheet retreats to a minimum volume of ~0.15–1.2 m sea-level equivalent smaller than present in the early or mid-Holocene when forcing an ice-sheet model with temperature reconstructions that contain a climatic optimum, and that the ice sheet has continued to recover from this minimum up to present day. Reconstructions without a warm climatic optimum in the early Holocene result in smaller ice losses continuing throughout the last 10 kyr. For all the simulated ice-sheet histories, the ice sheet is approaching a steady state at the end of the 20th century.
Ethanolamine enhances intestinal functions by altering gut microbiome and mucosal anti-stress capacity in weaned rats
Authors: Zhou Jian , Xiong Xia , Wang Ke-Xing , Zou Li-Jun , Ji Peng , Yin Yu-Long 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEthanolamine (Etn) contained in milk is the base constituent of phosphatidylethanolamine and is required for the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and bacteria, which is important for maintenance of the gut microbiome and intestinal development. The present study investigated the effect of Etn on intestinal function and microbiome using 21-d-old Sprague–Dawley rats treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 μmEtn in drinking water for 2 weeks immediately after weaning. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and mucosal immunity, as well as gut microbiota community composition, were evaluated. Metagenomic prediction and metabolic phenotype analysis based on 16S RNA sequencing were also carried out to assess changes in metabolic functions. We found that weaned rats administered 500 μmEtn enhanced mucosal antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels in the jejunum (P<0·05) compared with those in the control group. Predominant microbes including Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Elusimicrobia and Tenericutes were altered by different levels of Etn compared with the control group. An Etn concentration of 500 µmshifted colonic microbial metabolic functions that are in favour of lipid- and sugar-related metabolism and biosynthesis. Etn also altered the metabolic phenotypes such as anaerobic microbial counts, and oxidative stress tolerance at over 250 µm. This is the first report for a role of Etn in modifying gut microbiota and intestinal functions. Our findings highlighted the important role of Etn in shaping gut microbial community and promotes intestinal functions, which may provide a better insight of breast-feeding to infant’s gut health.