bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypophosphataemia in infants with CHD treated with amino acid infant formula
Authors: Marino Luise V. , Venkatesh Prathana , Ho Andy , Beattie R. Mark , Bharucha Tara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveGrowth among infants with CHD is poor, and is multifactorial with multiple contributing factors. Unexplained hypophosphataemia has been reported among infants and children with complex medical needs consuming amino acid infant formula as the sole source of nutrition. The aim of this audit was therefore to review the incidence of hypophosphataemia among infants with CHD.MethodsThe use of an electronic patient record search for “amino acid infant formula”, “CHD”, and “cardiac” yielded 136 infants <12 months of age. Preterm infants (n=24), children with chromosomal abnormalities (n=4), those >1 year of age (n=11) and infants with a structurally normal heart (n=31) were excluded from the study. The remaining 66 infants with CHD were given amino acid infant formula.Measurements and main resultsIn all, 1059 serum phosphate measures were available. After the introduction of amino acid infant formula, significantly more infants with CHD had episodes of hypophosphataemia: 15% (n=10/66) before treatment versus 29% (n=19/66) after treatment (p=0.049). Mean serum phosphate levels were significantly lower in infants with CHD following consumption of amino acid infant formula (2.0±0.5 versus 1.5±0.5 mmol/L following treatment (p<0.0001)). Infants with CHD and hypophosphataemia, associated with amino acid infant formula, use demonstrated significantly lower weight gain compared with those with normal phosphate levels (weight-for-age z scores −2.1±1.4 versus –0.9±1.5; p<0.0001).ConclusionAfter the introduction of an amino acid formula, weight gain was significantly lower among those infants with low phosphate levels. There was a significantly higher prevalence of hypophosphataemia among infants with CHD after the introduction of amino acid infant formula. Lower phosphate levels were associated with lower weight-for-age z scores. Infants with CHD are susceptible to poor weight gain; it is therefore, crucial the nutritional status of infants prescribed amino acid infant formula is more closely monitored to ensure adequate growth.
Nutritional quality of meals offered to children (kids’ meals) at chain restaurants in Japan
Authors: Uechi Ken 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional quality, particularly the fat and salt contents, of meals offered to children (kids’ meals) at chain restaurants in Japan.DesignA web-based content analysis was conducted to evaluate the type of restaurant, type of meal, incentives, health claims and nutrition data of kids’ meals. The nutritional appropriateness of kids’ meals was assessed with the Standard for the School Lunch Program, which regulates energy (≤2218 kJ), protein (20–30 g), fat (≤30 % of energy (E%)) and salt (<2 g) contents of the school lunch in Japan. Linear mixed models were employed for evaluating the relationship between the characteristics of kids’ meals and their fat (E%) or salt (g) content.SettingRestaurant websites providing nutritional data of kids’ meals in Japan.SubjectsA total of 438 kids’ meals offered by forty-two chain restaurant brands from across twenty food-service companies.ResultsOverall, 58·9, 40·6 and 34·5 % of the kids’ meals were determined to be appropriate regarding their energy (≤2218 kJ), fat (≤30 E%) and salt content (<2 g). In addition, 15·5 % of kids’ meals met the multiple standards of energy, fat and salt contents. ‘Japanese-style’ (restaurant-level characteristic) was associated with a decrease in the fat E% of kids’ meals (β=−6·2; 95 % CI −11·0, −1·4) and an increase in the salt content (β=0·7; 95 % CI 0·06, 1·3).ConclusionsThe characteristics of the restaurant-served kids’ meals in Japan were high fat E% and high salt content from different cultural contexts of the Western and the Japanese diet.
Levels and correlates of nutritional status of women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Khanam Rasheda , Lee Anne Shee CC , Ram Malathi , Quaiyum MA , Begum Nazma , Choudhury Allysha , Christian Parul , Mullany Luke C , Baqui Abdullah H ,   for the MIST Study Team of the Projahnmo Study Group in Bangladesh
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the prevalence of and risk factors for malnutrition in a population-based cohort of women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh.DesignA cross-sectional study that collected pre-pregnancy weight, height, and data on selected risk factors for nutritional status of women.SettingThe study was conducted in Sylhet District of Bangladesh.SubjectsStudy subjects included 13 230 non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Women were classified into underweight (<18·5 kg/m2), normal (18·5–24·9 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (≥25·0 kg/m2) using BMI; and into moderate to severe stunting (<150 cm), mild stunting (150–<155 cm) and normal (≥155 cm) using height. Two multinomial logistic regression models were fitted for BMI: model 1 examined individual and household factors associated with BMI, and model 2 additionally examined the association of community variables. The same analysis was conducted for height.ResultsPrevalence of underweight, overweight/obesity and moderate to severe stunting was 37·0, 7·2 and 48·6 %, respectively. Women’s education and household wealth were inversely related to both underweight status and stunting. Underweight rate was significantly lower in the post-harvest season. Women with any education and who belonged to households with higher wealth were more likely to be overweight/obese.ConclusionsThe study documented high underweight and stunting, and moderate overweight/obesity rates among rural Bangladeshi women; and recommends design and implementation of a multidimensional intervention programme based on individual-, household- and community-level risk factors that can address underweight, stunting and overweight/obesity to improve the nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Bangladesh.
A profile of humanity: the cultural signature of Earth's inhabitants beyond the atmosphere
Authors: Quast Paul E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe eclectic range of artefacts and ‘messages’ we dispatch into the vast expanse of space may become one of the most enduring remnants of our present civilization, but how does his protracted legacy adequately document the plurality of societal values and common, cultural heritage on our heterogeneous world? For decades now, this rendition of the egalitarian principle has been explored by the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence community in order to draft theoretical responses to ‘who speaks for Earth?’ for hypothetical extra-terrestrial communication strategies. However, besides the moral, ethical and democratic advancements made by this particular enterprise, there remains little practical exemplars of implementing this garnered knowledge into other experimental elements that could function as mutual emissaries of Earth; physical artefacts that could provide accessible details about our present world for future archaeological observations by our space-faring progeny, potential visiting extrasolar denizens or even for posterity. While some initiatives have been founded to investigate this enduring dilemma of humanity over the last half-century, there are very few comparative studies in regards to how these objects, time capsules and transmission events collectively disseminate content about the aggregate of our species and the Earth system it inhabits. This catalogue, assembled for extended study as part of theBeyond the Earth foundation, is intended as an initial, dialogic step towards evaluating such a ‘profile of humanity’. This investigation will endeavour to collate all cultural resources that can presently be garnered from spacecraft (non-mission orientated, cultural material that conveys an impression of Earth) and non-terrestrial transmissions (electromagnetic signals that are intentionally aimed off-world to embody humanities’ evolving, philosophical identity) in the expanse beyond our planetary borders in order to cross-analyse how we presently illustrate the diversity of our planet before, subsequently, deducing how we could appropriately depict our collective human civilization [and biosphere] within deep space and cosmic time.
Depressive, anxiety, and distress symptoms among cancer patients who endorse appearance problems
Authors: Chopra Deepti , De La Garza Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveBody image is a vital and complex issue in cancer patients, but not well recognized. In the ambulatory psychiatric-oncology clinic, we assessed what portion of cancer patients endorsed appearance problems and if they differed in terms of depression, anxiety, or distress scores when compared with those who did not endorse appearance problems.MethodAll adult patients with active cancer diagnosis seen in the outpatient psychiatry oncology clinic (June 2014–January 2016) who provided informed consent were included (N = 1,939) in the cross-sectional study design. “Appearance problems” were assessed as a categorical, binomial variable (yes/no) using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer checklist. Other assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Distress Thermometer, and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.ResultThe overall prevalence rate of individuals who endorsed appearance problems was approximately 36%; they were more likely to be younger, female, Black or Hispanic, and not in a committed relationship (all results for demographic variables were statistically significant; all p &lt; .001). Importantly, those patients who endorsed appearance problems exhibited higher scores for depression (p &lt; .0001), anxiety (p &lt; .0001), and distress (p &lt; .0001), and these differences were of medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.5−0.6).Significance of resultsThe current results underscore the need to identify patients with body image problems early given that they are likely to exhibit higher magnitude of anxiety, depression and distress symptoms while undergoing cancer care. The results highlight the importance of body image issues and the need to evaluate them in cancer patients.
Triangulation and Coupling of Gigantic Jets Near the Lower Ionosphere Altitudes
Authors: Peng Kang‐Ming , Hsu Rue‐Ron , Chang Wei‐Yu , Su Han‐Tzong , Chen Alfred Bing‐Chih , Chou Jung‐Kuang , Wu Yen‐Jung , Chang Shu‐Chun , Hung Chien‐Lun , Yang I‐Ching , Tsai Sung‐Hui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoordinated TLE (transient luminous event) optical observations in Taiwan have been held since 2011, with an aim to achieve triangulation. Currently, there are four observation stations with baselines varying from 100 to 400 km between them. The system recorded eight gigantic jets (GJs) that were recorded by at least two stations on the night of 20 August 2014. The weather radar data indicate that these GJs occurred around the troposphere overshooting tops of a vigorous cumulonimbus cloud. A leader‐to‐streamer transition was discerned as the appearance of these GJs changed from jet‐like (leader) to fan‐like (streamer) at ~40 km altitude. Most of these GJs terminated at the lower ionosphere boundary (80–90 km), but one GJ topped with a 10 km thick diffuse region extended higher than 100 km. Moreover, three sets of the GJs occurred within 0.5–100 s in the same general region. The residual plasma patches from the preceding GJs appear to cause the subsequent GJs to contain more bead structures and to be brighter. Also, three streamer columns of a subsequent GJ that occurred more than 100 s after the preceding GJ were identified to have rebrightened at 55 to 70 km altitudes. The rebrightened streamers and the bead structure increments in the subsequent GJs suggest that there were GJ‐produced long‐lasting plasma patches in the mesosphere.
Effect of Solution pH and Chloride Concentration on Akaganeite Precipitation: Implications for Akaganeite Formation on Mars
Authors: Peretyazhko T. S. , Ming D. W. , Rampe E. B. , Morris R. V. , Agresti D. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAkaganeite, a chloride‐bearing Fe(III) (hydr)oxide, has been reported on Mars in Yellowknife Bay in Gale crater by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in Robert Sharp crater by Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, and possibly at the Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum by combined Mössbauer and bulk chemistry analyses. Because formation conditions remain unknown, we investigated akaganeite precipitation as a function of solution pH and chloride concentration. Akaganeite was synthesized through hydrolysis of Fe(III) perchlorate in the presence of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 M chloride and at initial solution pH of 1.6, 4, 6, and 8 at 90 °C. Mineralogy of the precipitated Fe(III) (hydr)oxides was characterized by XRD, infrared spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Total chloride and perchlorate contents were determined by ion chromatography. XRD revealed that akaganeite formed alone or in mixtures with ferrihydrite, hematite, and/or goethite at initial pH 1.6 with 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 M Cl− and at initial pH from 4 to 8 with 0.05 and 0.1 M Cl−. Infrared analysis showed that akaganeite bands at ~2 and ~2.45 μm were sensitive to amount of akaganeite, total chloride content, and presence of other Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. The results indicate that akaganeite in Yellowknife Bay in Gale crater likely formed under acidic to alkaline (1.6 < pH < 8) oxidizing conditions in solutions containing >0.05 M Cl− by the dissolution of basaltic minerals. Akaganeite in Robert Sharp crater may have formed in acidic (pH < 4) solutions with ~0.1 M Cl− through oxidative dissolution of Fe(II) sulfides and/or acidic oxidizing dissolution of basalts.
Lithospheric Controls on the Rifting of the Tanzanian Craton at the Eyasi Basin, Eastern Branch of the East African Rift System
Authors: Fletcher Andrew W. , Abdelsalam Mohamed G. , Emishaw Luelseged , Atekwana Estella A. , Laó‐Dávila Daniel A. , Ismail Ahmed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContinental rifts most often nucleate within orogenic belts. However, some studies in the East African rift system have shown that continental rifts can also develop within cratons. This work investigated the ~1.5‐Ma Eyasi basin, which propagates in a WSW direction into the Tanzanian craton. The basin is located where the eastern branch of the East African rift system transitions from a narrow rift (~70 km wide) to the wider (~300 km wide) North Tanzanian Divergence. Unlike the rest of the eastern branch segments, the Eyasi basin does not follow the Mozambique orogenic belt located on the eastern margin of the Tanzanian craton. This work generated lithospheric‐scale sections across the basin using (1) digital elevation model to map surface rift‐related brittle structures; (2) aeromagnetic data to determine the depth to the Precambrian basement; and (3) World Gravity Model 2012 to estimate crustal and lithospheric thickness by applying the two‐dimensional radially averaged power spectral analysis and two‐dimensional forward gravity modeling. These cross sections show that the Eyasi basin nucleates within a previously unidentified suture zone within the Tanzanian craton and that this suture zone is characterized by thinner lithosphere that can be as thin as ~95 km. This zone of thinner lithosphere is offset southeastward from the surface expression of the Eyasi basin and might have facilitated the formation of other basins further south. Furthermore, the lithospheric thickness map indicates that the Tanzanian craton is heterogeneous and possibly composed of multiple smaller cratonic fragments.
Monitoring Stray Natural Gas in Groundwater With Dissolved Nitrogen. An Example From Parker County, Texas
Authors: Larson Toti E. , Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Mickler Patrick , Castro M. Clara , Darvari Roxana , Wen Tao , Hall Chris M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConcern that hydraulic fracturing and natural gas production contaminates groundwater requires techniques to attribute and estimate methane flux. Although dissolved alkane and noble gas chemistry may distinguish thermogenic and microbial methane, low solubility and concentration of methane in atmosphere‐equilibrated groundwater precludes the use of methane to differentiate locations affected by high and low flux of stray methane. We present a method to estimate stray gas infiltration into groundwater using dissolved nitrogen. Due to the high concentration of nitrogen in atmospheric‐recharged groundwater and low concentration in natural gas, dissolved nitrogen in groundwater is much less sensitive to change than dissolved methane and may differentiate groundwater affected high and low flux of stray natural gas. We report alkane and nitrogen chemistry from shallow groundwater wells and eight natural gas production wells in the Barnett Shale footprint to attribute methane and estimate mixing ratios of thermogenic natural gas to groundwater. Most groundwater wells have trace to nondetect concentrations of methane. A cluster of groundwater wells have greater than 10 mg/L dissolved methane concentrations with alkane chemistries similar to natural gas from the Barnett Shale and/or shallower Strawn Group suggesting that localized migration of natural gas occurred. Two‐component mixing models constructed with dissolved nitrogen concentrations and isotope values identify three wells that were likely affected by a large influx of natural gas with gas:water mixing ratios approaching 1:5. Most groundwater wells, even those with greater than 10‐mg/L methane, have dissolved nitrogen chemistry typical of atmosphere‐equilibrated groundwater suggesting natural gas:water mixing ratios smaller than 1:20.
Metal-free alcohol-directed regioselective heteroarylation of remote unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds
Authors: Wu Xinxin , Zhang Hong , Tang Nana , Wu Zhen , Wang Dongping , Ji Meishan , Xu Yan , Wang Min , Zhu Chen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConstruction of C–C bonds via alkoxy radical-mediated remote C(sp3)–H functionalization is largely unexplored, as it is a formidable challenge to directly generate alkoxy radicals from alcohols due to the high bond dissociation energy (BDE) of O–H bonds. Disclosed herein is a practical and elusive metal-free alcohol-directed heteroarylation of remote unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds. Phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) is used as the only reagent to enable the coupling of alcohols and heteroaryls. Alkoxy radicals are readily generated from free alcohols under the irradiation of visible light, which trigger the regioselective hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT). A wide range of functional groups are compatible with the mild reaction conditions. Two unactivated C–H bonds are cleaved and one new C–C bond is constructed during the reaction. This protocol provides an efficient strategy for the late-stage functionalization of alcohols and heteroaryls.
Structural basis for membrane tethering by a bacterial dynamin-like pair
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Noel Jeffrey K. , Low Harry H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDynamin-like proteins (DLPs) are large GTPases that restructure membrane. DLPs such as the mitofusins form heterotypic oligomers between isoform pairs that bridge and fuse opposing membranes. In bacteria, heterotypic oligomerisation may also be important for membrane remodelling as most DLP genes are paired within operons. How DLPs tether opposing membranes is unknown. Here we show the crystal structure of a DLP heterotypic pair from the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. A 2:2 stoichiometric tetramer is observed where heterodimers, conjoined by a random coil linker, assemble back-to-back to form a tripartite DLP chain with extreme flexibility. In vitro, tetramerisation triggers GTPase activity and induces lipid binding. Liposomes are readily tethered and form tubes at high tetramer concentration. Our results provide a direct mechanism for the long-range binding and bridging of opposing membranes by a bacterial DLP pair. They also provide broad mechanistic and structural insights that are relevant to other heterotypic DLP complexes.
Regenerative medicine and war: a front-line focus for UK defence
Authors: Spear Abigail M. , Lawton Graham , Staruch Robert M. T. , Rickard Rory F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe recent prolonged conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan saw the advancement of deployed trauma care to a point never before seen in war. The rapid translation of lessons from combat casualty care research, facilitated by an appetite for risk, contributed to year-on-year improvements in care of the injured. These paradigms, however, can only ever halt the progression of damage. Regenerative medicine approaches, in contrast, hold a truly disruptive potential to go beyond the cessation of damage from blast or ballistic trauma, to stimulate its reversal, and to do so from a very early point following injury. The internationally distributed and, in parts austere environments in which operational medical care is delivered provide an almost unique challenge to the development and translation of regenerative medicine technologies. In parallel, however, an inherent appetite for risk means that Defence will always be an early adopter. In focusing our operational priorities for regenerative medicine, the authors conducted a review of the current research landscape in the UK and abroad and sought wide clinical opinion. Our priorities are all applicable very far forward in the patient care pathway, and are focused on three broad and currently under-researched areas, namely: (a) blood, as an engineered tissue; (b) the mechanobiology of deep tissue loss and mechanobiological approaches to regeneration, and; (c) modification of the endogenous response. In focusing on these areas, we hope to engender the development of regenerative solutions for improved functional recovery from injuries sustained in conflict.
AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine promotes antibody diversity and affinity maturation, NAI titers, cross-clade H5N1 neutralization, but not H1N1 cross-subtype neutralization
Authors: Khurana Surender , Coyle Elizabeth M. , Manischewitz Jody , King Lisa R. , Gao Jin , Germain Ronald N. , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Tsang John S. , Golding Hana ,   and the CHI Consortium, Biancotto Angelique , Candia Julián , Chen Jinguo , Cheung Foo , Dickler Howard , Kotliarov Yuri , Perl Shira , Shi Rongye , Stagliano Katherine E. R. , Young Neal S. , Zhou Huizhi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImmune responses to inactivated vaccines against avian influenza are poor due in part to lack of immune memory. Adjuvants significantly increased virus neutralizing titers. We performed comprehensive analyses of polyclonal antibody responses following FDA-approved adjuvanted H5N1-A/Indonesia vaccine, administered in presence or absence of AS03. Using Whole Genome Fragment Phage Display Libraries, we observed that AS03 induced antibody epitope diversity to viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase compared with unadjuvanted vaccine. Furthermore, AS03 promoted significant antibody affinity maturation to properly folded H5-HA1 (but not to HA2) domain, which correlated with neutralization titers against both vaccine and heterologous H5N1 strains. However, no increase in heterosubtypic cross-neutralization of Group1-H1N1 seasonal strains was observed. AS03-H5N1 vaccine also induced higher neuraminidase inhibition antibody titers. This study provides insight into the differential impacts of AS03 adjuvant on H5N1 vaccine-induced antibody responses that may help optimize vaccine platforms for future vaccines with improved protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza strains.