bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Viral and Cellular Defective Ribosomal Products Encoded by Alternative Reading Frames
Authors: Zanker Damien J. , Oveissi Sara , Tscharke David C. , Duan Mubing , Wan Siyuan , Zhang Xiaomu , Xiao Kun , Mifsud Nicole A. , Gibbs James , Izzard Lenny , Dlugolenski Daniel , Faou Pierre , Laurie Karen L. , Vigneron Nathalie , Barr Ian G. , Stambas John , Van den Eynde Benoît J. , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Chen Weisan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The importance of antiviral CD8+ T cell recognition of alternative reading frame (ARF)–derived peptides is uncertain. In this study, we describe an epitope (NS1-ARF21–8) present in a predicted 14-residue peptide encoded by the +1 register of NS1 mRNA in the influenza A virus (IAV). NS1-ARF21–8 elicits a robust, highly functional CD8+ T cell response in IAV-infected BALB/c mice. NS1-ARF21–8 is presented from unspliced NS mRNA, likely from downstream initiation on a Met residue that comprises the P1 position of NS1-ARF21–8. Derived from a 14-residue peptide with no apparent biological function and negligible impacts on IAV infection, infectivity, and pathogenicity, NS1-ARF21–8 provides a clear demonstration of how immunosurveillance exploits natural errors in protein translation to provide antiviral immunity. We further show that IAV infection enhances a model cellular ARF translation, which potentially has important implications for virus-induced autoimmunity.
CUL7 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediates the Degradation of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and Regulates the Ig Class Switch Recombination in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Luo Yuewen , Liu Yang , Wu Liyang , Ma Xiancai , Liu Qin , Huang Feng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Junsong , Luo Haihua , Yang Yanyan , Lu Gen , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua , Zeng Yixin , Pan Ting , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in Ig genes. The activity and protein levels of AID are tightly controlled by various mechanisms. In this study, we found that CUL7 E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically mediated AID ubiquitination. CUL7 overexpression or knockdown influenced the decay of AID, affecting AID protein levels and subsequently IgA class switching in CH12F3 cells, a mouse B lymphocyte cell line. Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7fl/flCD19cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. The manipulation of this pathway may be useful for regulating AID abundance and efficiency of Ig class switching and is therefore a potential target for developing immunologic adjuvants for vaccines of various pathogens such as HIV-1 and influenza viruses.
Reducing the Rate of Blood Culture Contamination in the Emergency Department of a University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alshamrani Salma , Al-Surimi Khaled 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: Blood culture is an important laboratory test to determine bacteremia in Fungemia in patient's blood. Frequent blood culture contamination (BCC) leads to unnecessary treatment, waste of laboratory resources, and false-positive blood culture. The College of American Pathologist Accreditation states that monitoring of BCC rate should be within average 2%–3%. Based on May 2015 to May 2016 data at King Khalid University Hospital, it showed that we had experienced a consistent increase in BCC rate with an average of 4.6%. Emergency department (ED) had the highest contamination rate (5.7%). The aim of this study was to reduce the rate of contamination to &lt;2%. Methods: A multidisciplinary quality team has been formed, (IHI) the institute for healthcare improvement model, used for improvement and other relevant quality tools for testing and implementing the choice of solution. Several plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles have been conducted to test the proposed solutions. All PDSA cycle data on the project measures were extracted from the lab information system to be analyzed and presented on run and control charts. Results: Over a 6-month period, a reduction in the BCC rate at the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital reached 1.5% compared with the baseline at 4.0%. There was a significant reduction in BCC in the adult ED, which reached zero rates. However, BCC in the pediatrics ED was reduced to 1.5%, resulting from changes that were proposed, tested, and implemented during the running period. Essentially, the results of this initiative both met and exceeded the benchmark by 2%–3%. Conclusion: Standardizing work processes based on updated policy and procedures, conducting regular audits, and sending feedback are practical evidence-based strategies that lead to reducing BCC in the ED.
Prevalence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) gene G894T polymorphism and its association with hypertension: a population-based study with Brazilian women
Authors: Lira Neto Abel Barbosa , Farias Myrla C. O. , Vasconcelos Nancy B. R. , Xavier Jr Antonio F. , Assunção Monica L. , Ferreira Haroldo S. 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionHypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, accounting for millions of deaths each year. The reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the catalysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with higher blood pressure (BP) levels. This reduction might be because of genetic polymorphisms. This study investigated the prevalence of the eNOS gene G894T polymorphism in women from northeast Brazil and its association with hypertension.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 810 women (aged 19–49 years). Sociodemographic, health, anthropometric, and BP data were collected. Hypertension was defined according to the following criteria: systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg, the regular use of antihypertensive medication, or some combination thereof. Epithelial cells from the cheek mucosa were obtained for DNA extraction. Genotyping was performed via real-time PCR. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% CI as calculated via Poisson regression.ResultsThe frequencies of the GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 57.1%, 35.7%, and 7.2%, respectively. For each of these genotypes, the prevalence of hypertension in women was 17.9%, 23.6%, and 34.4%, respectively. Relative to the GG genotype, the PRs after adjusting for cofounding factors were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.95–1.61, p = 0.11) for GT and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.16–2.67, p < 0.01) for TT.ConclusionsThe T allele of the G894T polymorphisms is associated with hypertension in women. This may have implications for prevention and treatment.
Does a virtual functional training induce cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults after a single session and over weeks?
Authors: Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz de , Oliveira Leonardo Dos Santos , Souza Alesandra Araujo de , Brito Aline De Freitas , Monte Raysa Catarina Cavalcante Figueredo do , Costa Manoel da Cunha 
Published: May 2019

PurposeActive video games (AVG) provide an attractive alternative to sedentary behaviours and may bring some health benefits. However, single-session and chronic cardiovascular effects of AVG remain unclear. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of single-session and 4-week virtual functional training on cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults.MethodsIn a pre-experimental study, 8 university students performed a 30-minute AVG session (Nike Kinect Training<sup>®</sup> game) at the intensity of 64% (based on heart rate [HR]) and twice a week for 4 weeks (8 sessions). HR and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after each session. A generalized estimating equation model and t-test were used to examine changes in cardiovascular responses over time (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Effect size was calculated by Cohen’s <i>d</i>.ResultsA single session did not promote post-exercise hypotension (PEH). However, SBP (6.6–9.0 mm Hg) and DBP (4.5–5.5 mm Hg) decreased in 3/8 and 2/8 sessions, respectively. In pre/post-intervention comparisons at rest, small to large reduction effects were found for SBP (–3.0 mm Hg, <i>d</i> = 0.3), DBP (–4.7 mm Hg, <i>d</i> = 0.6), HR (–9 bpm, <i>d</i> = 0.8), and double product (–1389.3 mm Hg × bpm, <i>d</i> = 1.6).ConclusionsVirtual functional training reduced cardiac workload (chronic effect) and promoted PEH in some sessions among normotensive adults. These findings have practical applications for improving physical activity with attractive exercise forms, which should be recommended for healthy people.
Validity of the Dickson index regarding primary school physical education
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Zanevska Lyudmyla 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe paper is dedicated to the problem of testing physical capacity in primary school with the use of the Ruffier-Dickson test. The research aimed to verify the Dickson index corrected for the children’s age with the intention of usage in primary school physical education.MethodsFour groups of healthy males – aged 6, 7, 8, and 18 years – were randomly selected, 30 participants in each. One way ANOVA, t-test for independent samples, and intra-correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the validity of the Dickson index for the original and age-corrected functions. It was assumed that Dickson index values should not depend upon age among healthy participants in normal physical capacity.ResultsInvalidity of the original Dickson index for 6–8-year-old children was shown, with a significant difference of their results from those of the adults (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The use of the index formula corrected for the age of children gives no significant difference between all the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.817) and a good level of validity, taking into consideration the corresponding intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.688. This conclusion is supported with t-test results (<i>p</i> = 0.915), which show a rather good level of the test validity.ConclusionsTo guarantee the validity of the Dickson index, the results of heart rate measurements should be reduced proportionally to the ratio of a normal heart rate of the young patients’ population to the normal heart rate in adults.
Characteristics of people’s binge-watching behavior in the “entering into early adulthood” period of life
Authors: Starosta Jolanta , Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Lizińczyk Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe study focuses on psychological conditions of the phenomenon of binge-watching. The aim of the article was to characterize the frequency and motivation to perform binge-watching in a group of young adults. Another goal of the research was to present the results of preliminary adaptation works on two scales that were previously non-existent in Polish literature, which may be used to study binge-watching.Participants and procedureThe study involved 854 female and 150 male participants aged 19-26 years. The participants of the research were students of Polish universities. The following research methods were applied in the study: Polish adaptation of the Viewing Motivation Scale by Alan M. Rubin and the author’s tool – Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors by Jolanta Starosta.ResultsThe conducted analysis revealed a significant association between high frequency of binge-watching and escape motivation (ρ = .55, p < .05) and motivation to deal with loneliness (ρ = .42, p < .05). Furthermore, these two motivations correlate signifi-cantly with such predictors of risk for behavioral addiction as Loss of control and neglect of duties and Emotional reactions. Research has shown that the Polish adaptation of the Viewing Motivation Scale and the Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors are tools that meet psychometric standards.ConclusionsThe study shows that participants have various motivations to binge-watch series. The individuals who binge-watch with the highest frequency had a tendency to have escape motivation and motivation to deal with loneliness. There are some relations with various motivation and frequency of binge-watching with risk factors for behavioral addiction. The methods presented in the study – the Viewing Motivation Scale and the Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors – may be useful in learning about the phenomenon of binge-watching.
Depression and marital satisfaction: the mediating role of sexual satisfaction and perceived partner acceptance in women after mastectomy
Authors: Brandt-Salmeri Anna , Przybyła-Basista Hanna 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDiagnosis and treatment of breast cancer disrupts women’s functioning on both individual and dyadic levels. The main objective of the present study was to examine whether the partner’s acceptance of the woman and her sexual satisfaction can play a key role in mediating the relationship between depression and marital satis-faction in women treated for breast cancer after mastectomy.Participants and procedureThe sample consisted of 97 women with breast cancer after mastectomy (mean age = 55.68 years). The partic-ipants completed the following self-reported assessments: Beck’s Depression Inventory, Scale of Assessment of Self-Attractiveness in the Relationship by Chybicka and Karasiewicz and the Good Marriage Questionnaire KDM-2 by Plopa and Rostowski. All women were married (89.70%) or in informal relationships (10.30%). Re-cruitment for the study was conducted among women from the Amazonki community.ResultsThe time since the first diagnosis and the commencement of surgical treatment was a negative predictor (β = –.36, p < .001) of marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer after mastectomy, whereas acceptance by the partner was a significant positive predictor (β = .30, p = .023); the mediation analyses showed that acceptance by the partner fully mediated the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction can also be considered as a significant total mediator between depression and marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer after mastectomy.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of the analysed variables for marital satisfaction of women with breast cancer and can serve as a helpful guide for clinicians and other health professionals. One of the more im-portant findings concerned the importance of acceptance by the partner as a direct predictor of marital satisfac-tion. The research also showed that the women’s conviction about their partners’ acceptance and their sexual satisfaction renders their depression impactless in terms of marital satisfaction.
Endovascular treatment of small (&lt; 5 mm) unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Kocur Damian , Przybyłko Nikodem , Baron Jan , Rudnik Adam 
Published: May 2019

PurposeWe report our experience with endovascular treatment of these lesions, with special consideration of angio­graphic and clinical outcomes and periprocedural complications.Material and methodsThe analysis included treatment results of 19 patients with 20 aneurysms. The aneurysm size ranged from 1.9 to 4.7 mm (mean 3.8, SD 0.7). Clinical examinations with the use of modified Rankin Score and angiographic outcomes were evaluated initially postembolisation and at a minimum follow-up of six months.ResultsInitial post-treatment complete and near-complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 19 (95%) cases and incomplete occlusion in one (5%) case. Imaging follow-up, performed in 17 (89.4%) patients, showed no change in the degree of occlusion in 16 (94.1%) patients and coil compaction in one (5.9%). There were no retreatment procedures. The procedure-related mortality rate was 5% (1/20) and was associated with intraprocedural aneurysm rupture. There was a case of a clinically silent coil prolapse into the parent artery. The clinical follow-up evaluation achieved in 17 (89.4%) patients showed no change in clinical status in all followed patients.ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of small unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms is feasible and effective.
The procedure-related complications are not negligible, especially in terms of the benign natural course of these lesions.
Ethiek voor Cyberkrijg en Cyberkrijgers
Authors: Olsthoorn Peter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Ethics for Cyber War and Cyber Warriors

Although some claim that the term cyber war is merely metaphorical, there are good reasons to see cyber war as a form of warfare – even if it is not war as we have hitherto known it. This poses the question whether the principles of the Just War Tradition, which claims to offer an alternative for pacifism and realism, apply to this specific kind of war too. This article argues that the jus in bello principles of discrimination and proportionality are applicable, and that actually applying them would limit the harm cyber-attacks currently cause. Most cyber-attacks of recent years wrongly target civilians, and this amounts to a serious breach of these principles. The final part of this article looks at those who actually conduct the cyber-attacks, the cyber soldiers – how do they fit into the military profession, and to what extent can we expect them to uphold the principles of Just War?
“Going Up on the Way Down”: The Virginia State Penitentiary, Landman v. Royster, and the Rise and Fall of Prison Litigation
Authors: Hillyer Reiko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes the rise and fall of prison litigation by examining the case of Landman v. Royster, a class-action lawsuit launched by inmates at the Virginia State Penitentiary in 1969. In 1968, an integrated group of prisoners initiated a work stoppage, to which prison officials retaliated with disciplinary action—brutal in its own right but also imposed without due process. The litigation that emerged from this conflict demolished a century-old tradition, known as the “hands-off doctrine,” of courts treating prisoners as “slaves of the state” and deferring to prison officials. In establishing prisoners’ rights to procedural fairness, Landman was at the forefront of a judicial trend of reforming public institutions and addressing the rights of marginalized groups. In winning Landman, inmates challenged their status as “slaves of the state” and curtailed the unchecked despotism of prison officials, revealing that prison litigation had the potential to undermine the functioning of the prison. As such, prisoners and their opponents were integral to a concurrent national debate about who deserved state protection and the rights of citizenship. However, precisely because the waves of prisoner litigation that ensued coincided with and aggravated calls for law and order, in response, lawmakers erected procedural hurdles to insulate the prison from judicial review once again. As a result, by 1996, with the passage of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, prisoners were returned to a kind of civil death.
Fatores de adesão e permanência de idosos com diabetes tipo 2 a um programa de exercício físico
Authors: Dantas Iago Vilela , Lima Gabriela Nascimento , Falcão Ana Patrícia Siqueira Tavares , Vancea Denise Maria Martins , Sobral Filho Dario Celestino 
Published: May 2019

Introdução: Grande parte dos idosos com diabetes tipo 2 não praticam exercício físico regular. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores que influenciam idosos com diabetes tipo 2 a praticarem exercícios físicos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico, transversal quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 49 idosos, com diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2. Foram aplicados questionários sobre adesão, permanência e desistência ao exercício e sintomas depressivos. Para análise dos dados foi calculado o alpha de Cronbach e foi realizada análise fatorial e correlação dos dados. Resultados: Os motivos para aderir a um programa de exercício físico foram indicação de amigos e familiares, intenção de melhorar a autoestima ou a autoimagem, indicação médica; e os motivos para permanecer ativo foram aliviar tensão, fazer amigos, desenvolver competências, queimar calorias, manter a flexibilidade. Conclusão: Os fatores extrínsecos são os que mais influenciaram idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a aderir a um programa de exercícios físico e a se manterem na prática.
O Rompimento da Barragem de Mariana (MG): Mudanças no Disclosure Ambiental do Setor de Mineração
Authors: Souza Franciele Machado de , Tarifa Marcelo Resquetti , Panhoca Luiz 
Published: May 2019

Objetivo do estudo: Este estudo analisa as mudanças de disclosures ambientais em empresas mineradoras de capital aberto, listadas na BMF&BOVESPA após o rompimento da barragem de Mariana, em 2015.Metodologia/abordagem: Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo nas demonstrações financeiras e relatórios de sustentabilidade de empresas mineradoras com ações listadas na BMF&BOVESPA, entre 2014 a 2016. A variável disclosure ambiental foi dividida em sete categorias, conforme propõem Heflin & Wallace (2011).Originalidade/Relevância: Este estudo é relevante ao trazer a discussão sobre se desastres ambientais, tais como o rompimento da Barragem de Fundão, podem aumentar a informação ao investidor a respeito do potencial para outro acidente dentro do setor da mineração brasileira. Inova ao adaptar o modelo proposto por Heflin & Wallace (2011) ao contexto brasileiro.Principais resultados: Os resultados empíricos revelam que as empresas mineradoras pesquisadas, com passivos ambientais, utilizam-se de estratégias de Gerenciamento de Impressões para divulgações de seus impactos ambientais. As estratégias utilizadas pelas empresas são a ocultação e atribuição a fatores externos, apresentando desta forma um discurso enviesado e seletivo sobre seus impactos ambientais.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Este estudo contribui para a literatura de divulgação ambiental e fornece insights sobre a discussão a respeito da gestão ambiental sob a perspectiva do disclosure ambiental de empresas de mineração brasileiras.Conclusão: Conclui-se que as empresas mineradoras pesquisadas não aumentaram a sua divulgação ambiental após o rompimento da barragem da companhia mineradora Samarco, em 2015.
Connaissances métacognitives et stratégies d’autorégulation impliquées dans la révision de textes : construction et validation d’un instrument autorapporté
Authors: Escorcia Dyanne , Fenouillet Fabien 
Published: May 2019

La présente recherche a pour but de construire et de valider le Questionnaire des composantes métacognitives de la révision de textes (QCMR) en contexte universitaire. Au total, 451 étudiants de licence (trois premières années à l’université) appartenant à plusieurs domaines d’étude dans une université française ont participé à l’étude. Après une version initiale du questionnaire, qui comportait 41 items, une analyse factorielle exploratoire a révélé 5 facteurs correspondant aux dimensions théoriques envisagées. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a validé cette structure, qui mesure les variables suivantes : connaissances métacognitives déclaratives, gestion du temps, autosurveillance, connaissances métacognitives procédurales et recherche d’aide. Un bon niveau de fiabilité a été constaté : des coefficients alpha allant de 0,74 à 0,83 ainsi qu’un degré satisfaisant de stabilité temporelle. Le QCMR possède également une bonne validité prédictive.