bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma: characterization by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Kung PC , Berger CL , Goldstein G , LoGerfo P , Edelson RL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to human T cells permit the characterization of the surface phenotype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). The majority of CTCL cells are reactive with OKT1 and OKT3 monoclonals, which identify peripheral T cells and mature thymocytes. The neoplastic cells also react with OKT4, which recognizes the inducer T cell subset; they are, however, unreactive with OKT5 monoclonal, which identifies cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets. These data are in agreement with previous functional studies demonstrating that CTCL is a neoplasm of inducer (helper) T cells.
Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease contain fibronectin
Authors: Resnick GD , Nachman RL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes from five patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied. Indirect immunofluorescence on fixed sections with a monospecific anti-serum to fibronectin revealed abundant cytoplasmic fibronectin in approximately 90% of the Reed- Sternberg cells. In addition, the cells were shown by immunofluorescence to contain polyclonal IgG; however, factor VIII antigen, albumin, fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, anti-thrombin III, and ceruloplasmin were not present. The abundant cytoplasmic fibronectin suggests that Reed-Sternberg cells are derived from tissue macrophages.
Bone marrow transplantation for refractory acute leukemia in 34 patients with identical twins
Authors: Fefer A , Cheever MA , Thomas ED , Appelbaum FR , Buckner CD , Clift RA , Glucksberg H , Greenberg PD , Johnson FL , Kaplan HG , Sanders JE , Storb R , Weiden PL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-four patients aged 4–67 yr (median 17) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (18 patients) or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANL) (16 patients) who failed to enter complete remission (CR) or relapsed on conventional chemotherapy were treated with cyclophosphamide (CY), 60 mg/kg/day for 2 days, 1000 rad total body irradiation, and a marrow transplant from a genotypically identical normal twin. Sixteen of the patients received additional chemotherapy within the week before CY. After the transplant, 23 patients received immunotherapy consisting of killed autologous leukemic cells and/or normal twin peripheral blood lymphocytes, 16 as part of a prospectively randomized study. One moribund patient died before engraftment. Nine patients (6 ALL, 3 ANL) continued to have detectable leukemic cells. Twenty-four patients (70%) achieved CR. One of them died of viral hepatitis at 1 mo and another of viral interstitial pneumonitis at 4 mo in CR. Fourteen patients (7 ALL, 7 ANL) relapsed 2–16 mo (median 4) after transplantation. However, 8 patients (24%) (3 ALL, 5 ANL) remain in CR without any maintenance chemotherapy at 29–103 mo (median 80) after the transplant. The end results were not signficantly influenced by the type of leukemia, the immediated pre-CY chemotherapy, or the immunotherapy. The results show that this approach, even when applied to endstage patients with acute leukemia in relapse, causes tolerable morbidity, rare nonleukemic deaths, and frequent remissions, some of which represent cures.
Proliferation, differentiation, and cytogenetics of chronic leukemic B lymphocytes cultured with mitomycin-treated normal cells
Authors: Nowell P , Shankey TV , Finan J , Guerry D , Besa E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocytes from 6 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B- cell variety (B-CLL) were cultured with equal numbers of mitomycin- treated mononuclear cells from normal blood. When stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or the tumor- promoting agent, phorbol tetradecanoyl-acetate (TPA), the CLL cells proliferated actively by day 3 or 4 of culture, and in four cases, differentiated to significant numbers of immunoglobulin-containing cells. Chromosome studies on the proliferating lymphocytes demonstrated a cytogenetically abnormal clone in three patients, including two with a 14q+ marker chromosome and two with a translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 9. One patient had a translocation from 22q to 14q, producing a Philadelphia chromosome as well as the 14q+ marker. The results indicate that the neoplastic lymphocytes of B-CLL may proliferate and differentiate when appropriately stimulated in vitro, and that chromosomally abnormal clones are not uncommon. With several techniques now available for successful short-term culture of B-CLL lymphocytes, there is opportunity for better understanding of the cellular alterations in this disease.
Patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration in the Sezary syndrome
Authors: Bunn PA Jr , Edelson R , Ford SS , Shackney SE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The patterns of cell proliferation and cell migration were studied in three patients with the Sezary syndrome using autoradiographic techniques. Cell labeling patterns following pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine in vivo indicated that Sezary cells proliferate actively in skin and in lymph nodes but that few if any Sezary cells proliferate in the peripheral blood. In two of the patients serial samples were obtained. Label dilution patterns in skin and blood over time suggested that circulating Sezary cells originated in extracutaneous sites where cells were proliferating more rapidly than in the skin. Cells labeled in extracutaneous sites of proliferation appear rapidly in the blood, and their transit time through the peripheral blood compartment is short. Circulating Sezary cells may then be deposited in the skin where they resume proliferation at a low rate. Thus, while Sezary cells proliferate in both cutaneous and extracutaneous sites, proliferation appears to be more rapid in extracutaneous sites such as lymph nodes. This suggests that trials of systemic therapeutic approaches should be undertaken.
Progress report on chlorambucil therapy in postsplenectomy patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Golomb HM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of eight patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia who were treated with daily doses of an alkylating agent (chlorambucil, 4 mg) for at least 6 mo, seven have had an objective response, as measured by improved blood counts. Two patients were pancytopenic and had almost total bone marrow replacement with hairy cells at the initiation of chemotherapy; approximatley 6 mo later, their blood counts and bone marrow had improved dramatically. The five other patients had the leukemic form of the disease, and all responded to therapy. It is important to identify postsplenectomy patients with progressive disease in order to initiate low-dose single-agent chemotherapy.
Timed sequential chemotherapy of cytoxan-refractory multiple myeloma with cytoxan and adriamycin based on induced tumor proliferation
Authors: Karp JE , Humphrey RL , Burke PJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Malignant plasma cell proliferation and induced humoral stimulatory activity (HSA) occur in vivo at a predictable time following drug administration. Sequential sera from 11 patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing treatment with Cytoxan (CY) 2400 mq/sq m were assayed for their in vitro effects on malignant bone marrow plasma cell tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation. Peak HSA was detected day 9 following CY. Sequential changes in marrow malignant plasma cell 3HTdR-labeling indices (LI) paralleled changes in serum activity, with peak LI occurring at the time of peak HS. An in vitro model of chemotherapy demonstrated that malignant plasma cell proliferation was enhanced by HSA, as determined by 3HTdR incorporation assay, 3HTdR LI, and tumor cells counts, and that stimulated plasma cells were more sensitive to cytotoxic effects of adriamycin (ADR) than were cells cultured in autologous pretreatment serum. Based on these studies, we designed a clinical trial to treat 12 CY-refractory poor- risk patients with MM in which ADR (60 mg/sq m) was administered at the time of peak HSA and residual tumor cell LI (day 9) following initial CY, 2400 mg/m (CY1ADR9). Eight of 12 (67%) responded to timed sequential chemotherapy with a greater than 50% decrement in monoclonal protein marker and a median survival projected to be greater than 8 mo duration (range 4–21+ mo). These clinical results using timed sequential CY1ADR9 compare favorably with results obtained using ADR in nonsequential chemotherapeutic regimens.
Fibrinopeptide A in acute leukemia: relationship of activation of blood coagulation to disease activity
Authors: Myers TJ , Rickles FR , Barb C , Cronlund M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels were determined in 20 unselected adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic and lymphocytic leukemia. The mean FPA level in patients with active disease (15.0 ng/ml) was significantly higher than during clinical remission (2.4 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Elevated FPA levels were observed in patients with all morphological forms of acute leukemia. In the group of patients in clinical remission, 20/47 FPA values remained elevated beyond the normal range, suggesting that low-grade intravascular coagulation was present even when no leukemic cells were observed. Sequential studies revealed reduction of FPA levels to the normal range in five patients who entered clinical remission after chemotherapy and rapid elevation of the levels in eight patients who entered relapse after clinical remission. FPA levels rose significantly in five patients studied during induction chemotherapy. Thus, subclinical activation of blood coagulation, as defined by elevation of plasma FPA level, may occur commonly in acute leukemia. Plasma FPA generation may relate to leukemic disease activity.
Coincident chronic lymphocytic leukemia and osteosclerotic multiple myeloma
Authors: Jeha MT , Hamblin TJ , Smith JL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the first occurrence of chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and osteosclerotic multiple myeloma (MM) in the same patient. The surface Ig of the CLL and the monoclonal serum Ig had different heavy and light chain classes, and CLL lymphocytes failed to secrete the monoclonal Ig in short-term culture. We conclude that they were entirely separate malignancies occuring together by chance.
Human T-cell lymphoma with suppressor effects on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). I. Morphological and cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Gaeke ME , Vardiman JW , Miller W , Medenica M , Hopper JE , Rowley JD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aggressive clinical course and the distinctive histologic, cytochemical, and cytogenetic features of an adult non-Sezary T-cell lymphoma with suppressor activity have been investigated. Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of neoplastic cells from peripheral blood and involved lymph nodes revealed cells with convoluted nuclei, prominent cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, well developed Golgi apparatus, short strands of endoplasmic reticulum, and moderate numbers of ribosomes and mitochondria. Cytochemical reactions showed acid phosphatase (ACP) positivity in virtually all of the neoplastic cells; and a substantial percentage of the cells, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (T-ACP) isoenzyme was observed. Granular naphthyl acetate esterase (A-EST) reactivity was not present. The histological and cytochemical features of these neoplastic suppressor cells were compared with those recently described for the suppressor T-cell fraction isolated from normal peripheral blood T-cell by Fc gamma- rosette formation. The aneuploid clone had 47 chromosomes with multiple complex abnormalities, including a 14q + chromosome formed by the tandem translocation of two no. 14 chromosomes and translocations involving the long arms of no. 2 and no. 9 at band 9q34. These latter changes are particularly common in T-cell disorders. The extensive analysis of this histologic, cytochemical, and cytogenetic features of this adult T-cell suppressor lymphoma should help to clarify the criteria for distinguishing among the subsets of T-cell neoplasms with definable immunologic function.
Reconstitution of normal megakaryocytopoiesis and immunologic functions in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by marrow transplantation following myeloablation and immunosuppression with busulfan and cyclophosphamide
Authors: Kapoor N , Kirkpatrick D , Blaese RM , Oleske J , Hilgartner MH , Chaganti RS , Good RA , O'Reilly RJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome received transplants of marrow from their HLA-A, B, C, D identical siblings after myeloablation with busulfan, 2 mg/kg/day x 4 days, followed by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/day x 4. Sustained engraftment of lymphoid and hematopoietic elements was documented in each case. Platelet counts in excess of 100,000/cu mm were restored 20--50 days posttransplant and remain in the normal range 6--12 mo later. Platelets exhibit normal size and in vitro aggregation. The patients produce isoagglutinins and antibodies to other polysaccharides. The use of busulfan in moderate dosages as a myeloablative agent, coupled with cyclophosphamide, may offer an improved alternative to the use of lethal total body irradiation as a preparative regimen for complete correction of Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome by marrow transplantation.
The role of the nuclear protein matrix during development of rabbit gr anulocytes
Authors: Eastment CE , Scott RB , Shelton KR , Haar JL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A proteinaceous nuclear substructure (nuclear protein matrix or nuclear pore complex-lamina) has been described in a number of cells and may be a universal feature of cell nuclei. We have investigated the nuclear protein matrix (NPM) in the rabbit blood granulocyte and its precursor cells to determine (A) whether the NPM composition is similar to other cells that have been studied and (B) to determine whether the dramatic morphological changes that the granulocyte nucleus undergoes during cell maturation are related to changes in the composition or structure of the NPM. NPM preparations from rabbit granulocytes were similar but not identical to those found in HeLa cells or rat liver nuclei. The NPM structure of more mature cells retained more DNA during the isolation procedures than did immature cell NPMs, and the DNA was less accessible to DNAse in the mature cell nuclei. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a continuous outer covering of the NPM preparation and a lattice-like internal structure. Recognizable nuclear form persisted although the preparations represented less than 20% of the original nuclear protein. NPM preparations from mature cells were similar in overall dimensions and internal structure to NPM from immature cells, suggesting reexpansion during isolation of a previously compacted NPM structure in segmented neutrophils. NPM proteins are synthesized primarily in early stages of cell development. The NPM appears to play a major, but passive, structural role in the nuclear changes observed during maturation of granulocytes.
Human megakaryocyte stimulation of proliferation of bone marrow fibroblasts
Authors: Castro-Malaspina H , Rabellino EM , Yen A , Nachman RL , Moore MA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human marrow cells were processed sequentially by density centrifugation and by velocity sedimentation in serum-free Percoll gradients in order to purify megakaryocytes and to determine if these cells are the source of the growth factor derived from platelets. Cell homogenates were made from the resulting fractions and tested for growth-promoting activity(ies) in 3T3 cells and in well characterized human marrow fibroblasts. Growth was evaluated by 3H-TdR incorporation and changes in DNA cell content, as measured by flow microfluorometry. The highest mitogenic activity was derived from homogenates of low density (less than 1.050 g/cu cm), rapidly sedimenting cells. This fraction contained the highest percentage of megakaryocytes. The assessment of growth-promoting activity(ies) derived from various megakaryocyte-enriched marrow cell homogenates containing different proportions of megakaryocytes demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of megakaryocytes and their stimulatory capacity as determined by 3H-TdR uptake. The growth-promoting activities elicited from homogenates of platelets and marrow fractions enriched for megakaryocytes were similar. The dose--response curves for both were parallel, and they were both temperature resistant and trypsin sensitive. These findings implicate megakaryocytes as a source of the growth factor derived from platelets and suggest that megakaryocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis of the marrow fibrosis observed in myeloproliferative disorders by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen secretion.
Altered expression of histocompatibility antigens on "B" large cell lymphomas
Authors: Woda BA , Racklin B , Rappaport H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We describe three malignant lymphomas of the diffuse “histiocytic” (large noncleaved) type in which most of the large lymphoid cells express monoclonal surface immunoglobulin and HLA-DR antigens but do not express HLA-A,B,C, or beta-2-microglobulin as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence.
Filtration versus gravity leukapheresis in febrile granulocytopenic patients: a randomized prospective trial
Authors: Ambinder EP , Button GR , Cheung T , Goldberg JD , Holland JF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty-eight patients with fever greater than 38.3 degrees C for at least 24 hr despite broad spectrum antibiotics and an absolute granulocyte count less than 1000/microliter were randomly allocated to 4 days of granulocyte transfusions obtained by leukapheresis using filtration (n = 27) or gravity (n = 21) techniques, the latter permitting simultaneous nonmechanical collection of granulocytes and platelets utilizing hydroxyethyl starch as a sedimenting agent. Patient characteristics and dose of granulocytes obtained from both techniques were similar. Complete response to granulocyte transfusions was established by a reduction in temperature to less than 37.2 degrees C sustained for at least 48 hr after the fourth transfusion with sterilization of cultures where previously positive and diminution of measurable infection when present. This occurred in 6/21 (29%) for gravity leukapheresis and 9/27 (33%) for filtration leukapheresis. An additional group had diminution in temperature and clinical improvement during transfusions (6/21 gravity leukapheresis versus 10/27 filtration leukapheresis). Eighty-six percent of patients transfused with gravity leukapheresis cells were alive at day 20 compared with 81% for filtration leukapheresis cells. Transfusion reactions were comparable. Thus, gravity leukapheresis appears to be as efficacious as filtration leukapheresis for treating granulocytopenic febrile patients, with the added advantages of availability to any blood bank without new equipment, of having platelets as by-products, and of not requiring donor heparinization.
Proliferation kinetics of Sezary cells
Authors: Schwarzmeier JD , Paietta E , Radaszkiewicz T , Konrad K , Marosi L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferation kinetics of neoplastic T cells arising in Sezary syndrome (Sezary cells) are still poorly understood. Kinetic studies with 3H-thymidine as a DNA precursor revealed a low incorporation rate of the nucleotide into Sezary cells obtained from the peripheral blood versus Sezary cells from the skin. Using the double-label autoradiography we determined the duration of single cell cycle phases of blood and cutaneous Sezary cells. The results indicate the almost complete lack of proliferative activity in the blood but a considerable portion of proliferatively active Sezary cells in skin infiltrates. The removal of a large mass of quiescent blood cells by leukapheresis did not affect the proliferative state of the residual peripheral cell population implying that the procedure did not induce the migration of proliferating skin cells towards the blood. Terminally, the disease underwent transition into immunoblastic lymphoma. At this time, the kinetic behavior of the peripheral immunoblasts showed great similarity to that of cutaneous Sezary cells. The findings point towards a common extravascular production site of Sezary cells and immunoblasts probably located in the lymphatic tissue.
Heterogeneous mechanisms of imparied lymphocyte responses in non- Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Whisler RL , Balcerzak SP , Murray JL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 18 untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied to characterize the cellular mechanisms contributing to impaired in vitro lymphocyte responses after stimulation by the mitogen conconavalin A (Con-A). In vitro reactivity was quantitated by the 3H-thymidine incorporation in response to an optimal dose of Con-A. All patients demonstrated impaired in vitro reactivities compared to normal controls. These in vitro impairments were partially reversible since patient's cells precultured in media alone for 3 days demonstrated enhanced Con-A responses. In greater than half of the patients, the hyporeactive PBMC suppressed the enhanced reactivities of autologous precultured PBMC when assayed in cocultures. Suppressor activity was detected mainly in those untreated patients presenting with either constitutional symptoms or diffuse histology and in general was not marked compared to the severity of impairments. Adherent monocytes were shown to participate in the suppression of autologous lymphocyte reactivity but only appeared partially responsible for the in vitro impairments. In those patients lacking detectable suppressive activity, preculturing also enhanced Con-A reactivities and was compatible with the presence of a reversible, inhibitory mechanism differing from active suppression. Many patients' hyporeactive PBMC, however, failed to demonstrate normal responses after preculturing. This failure could not be directly attributed to aberrant regulatory populations, but rather appeared to possibly represent an additional intrinsic impairment of potentially reactive populations.
A new system of hemopoietic colony formation for permanent slides and medium changes: use of glass-fiber filters
Authors: Kodama F , Maruta A , Motomura S , Fukushima K , Umeda M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new method for hemopoietic colony formation that allows the preparation of permanent slides and medium changes during the incubation period was developed in vitro. Bone marrow cells from mice were spread over glass-fiber filters, which were placed on agar medium and cultivated for 7 days. Hemopoietic colonies appeared on the glass- fibers filters. The glass-fiber filters with colonies were stained by a peroxidase and nonspecific esterase double-staining method and mounted as permanent slides. Each colony could be clearly identified and easily counted after the staining. The dose-response relationship between the number of seeded cells and the colony counts was a linear one, with the line very nearly passing through the origin on extrapolation. The colonies were classified into three types by the staining results: granuloid type, monocyte-macrophage type, and mixed type, the last containing both granuloid and monocyte-macrophage cells. Medium change during the incubation period was attempted in the experiment for phagocytic activity of the cultured cells and proved to be useful. This system appears to be useful and convenient in the study of hemopoietic colony formation.