bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Influence of Silver Stabilized Hydrogen Peroxide on the Eggshell Condition
Authors: Renata Cegielska-Radziejewska Lukasz Tomczyk, , Lewko Lidia , Konieczny Piotr 
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the condition of eggshells hygienised with an silver stabilized hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations. Eggs were treated with a solution of the preparation and stored for four weeks. In preliminary investigations the elastic deformation of eggshells was measured and analysed in order to determine the influence of a preparation concentrated at 0.01-3% on the eggshell strength. The research proved that a preparation concentrated at 1-3% significantly reduced the eggshell strength. At the next stage of the research, having excluded the high concentrations with a negative effect on eggshell strength, i.e. 1-3%, the experiment was conducted again. It was followed by a microbiological analysis in which the total count of aerobic bacteria, yeasts, moulds ad also bacteria from the Pseudomonas genus and Enterobacteriaceae family were measured. The investigations confirmed that the preparation concentrated at 0.01-0.9% did not have a significant influence on eggshell strength. Hygienisation in solutions concentrated at 0.01-0.9% caused complete inactivation of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, yeasts and moulds. Immediately after treatment with the preparation concentrated at 0.3% the count of aerobic bacteria and the bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus decreased by 1.9 log CFU/g and 0.7 log CFU/g, respectively. The hygienisation of eggs with the preparation concentrated at 0.9% and storing them for four weeks under controlled conditions reduced the count of aerobic bacteria by 1.9 log and the count of Pseudomonas bacteria by 1.7 log, as compared with the reference sample.
Titania‐Based Spherical Mie Resonators Elaborated by High‐Throughput Aerosol Spray: Single Object Investigation
Authors: Checcucci Simona , Bottein Thomas , Claude Jean‐Benoit , Wood Thomas , Putero Magali , Favre Luc , Gurioli Massimo , Abbarchi Marco , Grosso David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the framework of photonics with all‐dielectric nanoantennas, sub‐micrometric spheres can be exploited for a plethora of applications including vanishing back‐scattering, enhanced directivity of a light emitter, beam steering, and large Purcell factors. Here, the potential of a high‐throughput fabrication method based on aerosol‐spray is shown to form quasi‐perfect sub‐micrometric spheres of polycrystalline TiO2. Spectroscopic investigation of light scattering from individual particles reveals sharp resonances in agreement with Mie theory, neat structural colors, and a high directivity. Owing to the high permittivity and lossless material in use, this method opens the way toward the implementation of isotropic meta‐materials and forward‐directional sources with magnetic responses at visible and near‐UV frequencies, not accessible with conventional Si‐ and Ge‐based Mie resonators.
Defect Chemistry of Oxides for Energy Applications
Authors: Schweke Danielle , Mordehovitz Yuval , Halabi Mahdi , Shelly Lee , Hayun Shmuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOxides are widely used for energy applications, as solid electrolytes in various solid oxide fuel cell devices or as catalysts (often associated with noble metal particles) for numerous reactions involving oxidation or reduction. Defects are the major factors governing the efficiency of a given oxide for the above applications. In this paper, the common defects in oxide systems and external factors influencing the defect concentration and distribution are presented, with special emphasis on ceria (CeO2) based materials. It is shown that the behavior of a variety of oxide systems with respect to properties relevant for energy applications (conductivity and catalytic activity) can be rationalized by general considerations about the type and concentration of defects in the specific system. A new method based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), recently reported by the authors for mapping space charge defects and measuring space charge potentials, is shown to be of potential importance for understanding conductivity mechanisms in oxides. The influence of defects on gas‐surface reactions is exemplified on the interaction of CO2 and H2O with ceria, by correlating between the defect distribution in the material and its adsorption capacity or splitting efficiency.
Solution Coating of Small Molecule/Polymer Blends Enabling Ultralow Voltage and High‐Mobility Organic Transistors
Authors: Teixeira da Rocha Cecilia , Haase Katherina , Zheng Yichu , Löffler Markus , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLow‐voltage organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are of great interest for organic electronics applications that require low power consumption such as wearable electronics, biomedical applications, or mobile electronics. In this work, an approach leading to transistors fabricated from solution with high charge carrier mobilities operating at voltages < 1 V is presented. By blending the small‐molecule semiconductor 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilyl‐ethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) with polystyrene it is possible to achieve good film coverage and uniformity as well as ultrathin semiconductor films. This reduction in thickness relative to neat films results in a high fraction of the high‐mobility polymorph of TIPS‐pentacene and excellent film morphologies with continuous highly crystalline domains. OFETs using SiO2 as the dielectric with average hole mobilities as high as 8.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and maximum mobilities of up to 12.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 which favorably compares with the previous record for TIPS‐pentacene, especially when considering the simplicity of the approach, are demonstrated. By depositing the optimized semiconductor blends on solution‐based polymer dielectric layers of polyvinylphenol, cross‐linked with 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, a record‐high mobility of 4.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for solution‐processed, ultralow‐voltage OFET devices (operating at <1 V) is obtained.
Porcine small intestine submucosal grafts improve remucosalization and progenitor cell recruitment to sites of upper airway tissue remodeling
Authors: Nayak Jayakar V. , Rathor Aakanksha , Grayson Jessica W. , Bravo Dawn T. , Velasquez Nathalia , Noel Julia , Beswick Daniel M. , Riley Kristen O. , Patel Zara M. , Cho Do‐Yeon , Dodd Robert L. , Thamboo Andrew , Choby Garret W. , Walgama Evan , Harsh Griffith R. , Hwang Peter H. , Clemons Lisa , Lowman Deborah , Richman Joshua S. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundTo better understand upper airway tissue regeneration, the exposed cartilage and bone at donor sites of tissue flaps may serve as in vivo “Petri dishes” for active wound healing. The pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF) for skull‐base reconstruction creates an exposed donor site within the nasal airway. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether grafting the donor site with a sinonasal repair cover graft is effective in promoting wound healing.MethodsIn this multicenter, prospective trial, subjects were randomized to intervention (graft) or control (no graft) intraoperatively after NSF elevation. Individuals were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postintervention with endoscopic recordings. Videos were graded (Likert scale) by 3 otolaryngologists blinded to intervention on remucosalization, crusting, and edema. Scores were analyzed for interrater reliability and cohorts compared. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry at the leading edge of wound healing was performed in select cases.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were randomized to intervention and 26 to control. Subjects receiving the graft had significantly greater overall remucosalization (p = 0.01) than controls over 12 weeks. Although crusting was less in the small intestine submucosa (SIS) group, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). There was no overall effect on nasal edema (p = 0.2). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated abundant upper airway basal cell progenitors in 2 intervention samples, suggesting that covering grafts may facilitate tissue proliferation via progenitor cell expansion.ConclusionThis prospective, randomized, controlled trial indicates that a porcine SIS graft placed on exposed cartilage and bone within the upper airway confers improved remucosalization compared to current practice standards.
Electromagnetic Propagation in a Relativistic Electron Gas at Finite Temperatures
Authors: Reis Daniel M. , Reyes‐Gómez Ernesto , Oliveira Luiz E. , de Carvalho Carlos A. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electromagnetic propagation in a relativistic electron gas at finite temperatures and carrier densities is described. Using quantum electrodynamics at finite temperatures, electric and magnetic responses and general constitutive relations are obtained. Rewriting the propagator for the electromagnetic field in terms of the electric and magnetic responses, the modes that propagate in the gas are identified. As expected, the usual collective excitations are obtained, i.e., a longitudinal electric and two transverse magnetic plasmonic modes. In addition, a purely photonic mode is found, which satisfies the wave equation in vacuum, for which the electron gas is transparent. Dispersion relations for the plasmon modes at zero and finite temperatures are presented and the intervals of frequency and wavelength where both electric and magnetic responses are simultaneously negative are identified, a behavior previously thought not to occur in natural systems. The investigation of the electromagnetic responses of a relativistic electron gas shows that, apart from the usual longitudinal electric plasmon mode and the two transverse magnetic plasmon modes, there is also a pure photonic mode that propagates with the speed of light, as if the medium were transparent. Furthermore, there is a region of frequencies and wavenumbers of the external fields where both the longitudinal electric permittivity and magnetic permeability are simultaneously negative, a property found in artificially constructed metamaterials.
Non‐Hermitian Gauged Topological Laser Arrays
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStable and phase‐locked emission in an extended topological supermode of coupled laser arrays, based on concepts of non‐Hermitian and topological photonics, is theoretically suggested. A non‐Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chain of coupled microring resonators is considered, and it is shown that application of a synthetic imaginary gauge field via auxiliary passive microrings leads to all supermodes of the chain, except one, to become edge states. The only extended supermode, that retains some topological protection, can stably oscillate suppressing all other non‐topological edge supermodes. Numerical simulations based on a rate equation model of the semiconductor laser arrays confirm stable anti‐phase laser emission in the extended topological supermode and the role of the synthetic gauge field to enhance laser stability.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Triazine–Heptazine‐Based Copolymers with Apparent Quantum Yields of 60 % at 420 nm for Solar Hydrogen Production from “Sea Water”
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Lin Lihua , Li Guosheng , Zhang Yongfan , Savateev Aleksandr , Zafeiratos Spiros , Wang Xinchen , Antonietti Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride (PCN), in either triazine or heptazine form, has been regarded as a promising metal‐free, environmentally benign, and sustainable photocatalyst for solar hydrogen production. However, PCN in most cases only exhibits moderate activity owing to its inherent properties, such as rapid charge carrier recombination. Herein we present a triazine–heptazine copolymer synthesized by simple post‐calcination of PCN in eutectic salts, that is, NaCl/KCl, to modulate the polymerization process and optimize the structure. The construction of an internal triazine–heptazine donor–acceptor (D‐A) heterostructure was affirmed to significantly accelerate interface charge transfer (CT) and thus boost the photocatalytic activity (AQY=60 % at 420 nm). This study highlights the construction of intermolecular D‐A copolymers in NaCl/KCl molten salts with higher melting points but in the absence of lithium to modulate the chemical structure and properties of PCN.
Parasitic Behavior of Self‐Replicating Molecules
Authors: Altay Meniz , Altay Yigit , Otto Sijbren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelf‐replication plays a central role in the origin of life and in strategies to synthesize life de novo. Studies on self‐replication have focused mostly on isolated systems, while the dynamics of systems containing multiple replicators have received comparatively little attention. Yet most evolutionary scenarios involve the interplay between different replicators. Here we report the emergence of parasitic behavior in a system containing self‐replicators derived from two subtly different building blocks 1 and 2. Replicators from 2 form readily through cross‐catalysis by pre‐existing replicators made from 1. Once formed, the new replicators consume the original replicators to which they owe their existence. These results resemble parasitic and predatory behavior that is normally associated with living systems and show how such lifelike behavior has its roots in relatively simple systems of self‐replicating molecules.
Amidyl Radicals by Oxidation of α‐Amido‐oxy Acids: Transition‐Metal‐Free Amidofluorination of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Jiang Heng , Studer Armido 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA three‐component transition‐metal‐free amidofluorination of unactivated alkenes and styrenes is presented. α‐Amido‐oxy acids are introduced as efficient and easily accessible amidyl radical precursors that are oxidized by a photoexcited organic sensitizer (Mes‐Acr‐Me) to the corresponding carboxyl radical. Sequential CO2 and aldehyde/ketone fragmentation leads to an N‐centered radical that adds to an alkene. Commercial Selectfluor is used to trap the adduct radical through fluorine‐atom transfer. The transformation features by high functional‐group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and practical mild conditions. Mechanistic studies support the radical nature of the cascade.
An Isolable Diphosphene Radical Cation Stabilized by Three‐Center Three‐Electron π‐Bonding with Chromium: End‐On versus Side‐On Coordination
Authors: Wang Wenqing , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Fang Yong , Zhao Yue , Li Jun , Wang Xinping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo salts (2 and 4) containing the radical cations of complexed diphosphenes have been isolated and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The P−P bond is coordinated to the Cr center either in an end‐on (in 2) or a side‐on (in 4) fashion. The spin density of the radical is delocalized over the Cr atom and the two P atoms in 2 whereas the unpaired electron is mainly localized on the Cr atom in 4. This work provides the first example of a complexed diphosphene radical (2) featuring novel three‐center three‐electron (3c‐3e) π‐bonding in the Cr‐P‐P unit, and the first example of a 17 e Cr radical with a side‐on π‐bonded ligand (4).
Exploiting Synergistic Effects in Organozinc Chemistry for Direct Stereoselective C‐Glycosylation Reactions at Room Temperature
Authors: Hernán‐Gómez Alberto , Orr Samantha A. , Uzelac Marina , Kennedy Alan R. , Barroso Santiago , Jusseau Xavier , Lemaire Sébastien , Farina Vittorio , Hevia Eva 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPairing a range of bis(aryl) zinc reagents ZnAr2 with the stronger Lewis acidic [(ZnArF2)] (ArF=C6F5), enables highly stereoselective cross‐coupling between glycosyl bromides and ZnAr2 without the use of a transition metal. Reactions occur at room temperature with excellent levels of stereoselectivity, where ZnArF2 acts as a non‐coupling partner although its presence is crucial for the execution of the C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation process. Mechanistic studies have uncovered a unique synergistic partnership between the two zinc reagents, which circumvents the need for transition‐metal catalysis or forcing reaction conditions. Key to the success of the coupling is the avoidance of solvents that act as Lewis bases versus diarylzinc compounds (e.g. THF).
Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐1‐Alkyl‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐ß‐carbolines Catalyzed by Strictosidine Synthases
Authors: Pressnitz Desiree , Fischereder Eva‐Maria , Pletz Jakob , Kofler Christina , Hammerer Lucas , Hiebler Katharina , Lechner Horst , Richter Nina , Eger Elisabeth , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStereoselective methods for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐ß‐carbolines are of significant interest due to the broad spectrum of biological activity of the target molecules. In the plant kingdom, strictosidine synthases catalyze the C−C coupling through a Pictet–Spengler reaction of tryptamine and secologanin to exclusively form the (S)‐configured tetrahydro‐ß‐carboline (S)‐strictosidine. Investigating the biocatalytic Pictet–Spengler reaction of tryptamine with small‐molecular‐weight aliphatic aldehydes revealed that the strictosidine synthases give unexpectedly access to the (R)‐configured product. Developing an efficient expression method for the enzyme allowed the preparative transformation of various aldehydes, giving the products with up to >98 % ee. With this tool in hand, a chemoenzymatic two‐step synthesis of (R)‐harmicine was achieved, giving (R)‐harmicine in 67 % overall yield in optically pure form.
Turning on Solid‐State Fluorescence with Light
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Karothu Durga Prasad , Raj Gijo , Laptenok Sergey P. , Solntsev Kyril M. , Naumov Panče 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA bioinspired fluorophore that is analogous to the substrate in the bioluminescence of fireflies was prepared and reacts when exposed to weak blue LED light. Upon excitation, this material is photodecarboxylated with a nearly 81‐fold enhancement of the solid‐state emission, the fluorescence quantum yield of the product in solution is approximately 90 %, and violent disintegrative effects occur as a result of the release of carbon dioxide. Crystallographic and computational results, together with global spectral analysis of the kinetics, confirmed that most of the emission observed in the decay‐associated spectra is intrinsic to the product molecule, with only a minor contribution from an excimer through π–π stacking of the molecules in the crystal.
Production of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Esters Via the In Situ Transesterification of Grain Sorghum Bran and Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains and Solubles
Authors: Wyatt Victor T. , Jones Kerby , Johnston David B. , Moreau Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe acylglycerols (AG) in sorghum bran and distiller's dried grains and solubles (DDGS) from sorghum postfermentation have been converted to fatty‐acid methyl esters (FAME) using an in situ transesterification method. The reactions were conducted at 25 or 40 °C by incubating 8 g of feedstock, containing 1.3–2.4 mmol AG, in a solution of 2.4 or 4.8 mmol of NaOMe dissolved in 6.4 or 12.8 mL MeOH. The experimental results confirmed that reducing the moisture to approximately 2% (w/w) within the feedstock was necessary for the reaction to proceed. All of the reactions were monitored using high‐performance liquid chromatography and all performed better at 40 °C than at 25 °C. The most successful reactions used a AG:NaOMe:MeOH molar ratio of 1.0:2.0:131.7. Those reactions used 4.8 mmol NaOMe dissolved in 12.8 mL MeOH producing up to 98.3% FAME when sorghum bran was used as the feedstock. When DDGS from sorghum were used as the feedstock, the yield averaged 32.2% under the previously established optimal conditions.
Fabrication of regenerated cellulose nanoparticles/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Shin Eunjoo , Choi Soonmo , Lee Jaewoong 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTRegenerated cellulose nanoparticles (RCNs) are ideal materials for new biomass polymer composites industries. RCNs and composites of RCNs and water‐borne polyurethane (RCN/WPU) were prepared using a facile and environmentally friendly approach without the use of any harmful chemicals. The morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the RCN/WPU nanocomposite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometer, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis. RCNs exhibited low crystallinity upon regeneration with an NaOH‐based aqueous solution, and were identified by SEM and TEM to consist of the more thermodynamically stable cellulose form. TGA showed that the thermal stability of RCN/WPU nanocomposites was increased by the addition of RCNs. Finally, enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase indicated that the biodegradability of RCN/WPU nanocomposites was also improved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46633.
Effect of graphene oxide on the molecules of a sodium alginate–krill protein composite system and characterization of the system's composite fiber morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Rui , Guo Jing , Zhao Miao , Wu Jing , Zhang Sen , Yu Yue 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTGraphene oxide (GO), sodium alginate (SA), and Antarctic krill protein (AKP) were blended to get functional fibers. These GO–SA–AKP composite fibers were obtained by conventional wet spinning with 5% calcium chloride as a coagulation solution. The intermolecular interactions of the GO–SA–AKP composite system were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the GO–SA–AKP composites were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the number of GO layers decreased gradually during the process of wet spinning. The addition of GO promoted an increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonding and a decrease in intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the composite system. With increasing GO mass fraction, the intermolecular hydrogen‐bond content, crystallinity, breaking strength, and thermal stability in the composite system increased first and then decreased. At the same time, the mass fraction of GO and the draw ratio had significant effects on the surface morphologies of the composite fibers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46642.