bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchically Assembled Two‐dimensional Hybrid Nanointerfaces: A Platform for Bioelectronic Applications
Authors: Kumari Renu , Osikoya Adeniyi Olugbenga , Anku William Wilson , Shukla Sudheesh Kumar , Govender Penny Poomani 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe introduce a hybrid two‐dimensional nanointerface structure for bioelectronic systems. We fabricated smart hierarchically self‐assembled 2D electrobiocatalytic interface system based on the combination of gold nanoparticles doped graphene oxide (GO)‐molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layered nanohybrid, conjugated with poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide, PNIPAAm) resulting in GO/AuNPs/MoS2/PNIPAAm interface. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was subsequently immobilized on the GO/AuNPs/MoS2/PNIPAAm interface through electrostatic interactions giving GO/AuNPs/MoS2/PNIPAAm/Peroxidase electrobiocatalytic interface system as a platform for electrobiocatalysis reactions for biosensing and bioelectronic applications. The electrobiocatalytic activity of the nanohybrid interface structure was studied using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a model analyte. Cyclic Voltammetry showed diffusion controlled electron transfer properties at the interface. The fabricated bioelectrode exhibits a wide linear response to the detection of H2O2 from 1.57 to 11.33 mM, with a detection limit of 3.34 mM (S/N=3) and a capacitance of 8.6 F/cm2.
Multiphase periodic pressure difference boundary condition enhanced by a proportional‐integral‐derivative controller for the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Leclaire Sébastien , Latt Jonas , Vidal David , Bertrand François 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA new pressure difference boundary condition between a pair of inlet and outlet boundaries in an immiscible multiphase periodic flow is introduced. This boundary condition is globally mass conservative and makes use of a simple proportional‐integral‐derivative controller to accurately control the pressure difference. For a droplet/bubble that crosses the outlet to reenter at the inlet of a periodic slit flow, the stability and accuracy of the boundary condition are numerically studied for a wide range of flow conditions. A visualization of a droplet crossing the outlet boundary provides qualitative evidence that the boundary condition works effectively. More importantly, quantitative results also confirm that the targeted average pressure difference is adequately set and that the total momentum in the pressure drop direction is nearly constant (which is what is expected from a perfect multiphase periodic pressure difference boundary condition). This new type of multiphase boundary condition is expected to open up new avenues to simulate complex interfacial multiphase systems using the lattice Boltzmann method.
An improved penalty immersed boundary method for multiphase flow simulation
Authors: Huang Wei‐Xi , Guo Wei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn improved version of the penalty immersed boundary method is proposed for simulating multiphase flows with nonuniform density and moving interface. The background fluid with a uniform density is solved on the fixed Eulerian grid, while the excessive mass is modelled by the Lagrangian points. Both the positive and negative density differences are taken into account, and the surface tension is included in the formulation. For validation of the present method, the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability problem and deformation of a droplet in a simple shear flow are computed. The numerical results are compared with the previous studies and the spatial accuracy is between the first and second order. Convergence of the computational results as the penalty coefficient increases is obtained. Furthermore, interaction of the fluid‐fluid interface with the rigid surface is also considered. To improve the numerical stability, the reinitialization operation is introduced to guarantee the quality of the Lagrangian mesh. As a demonstrating example, a droplet bypassing an obstacle in a channel flow is tested.
Impact of falls on depressive symptoms among the oldest old: Results from the AgeQualiDe study
Authors: Hajek André , Brettschneider Christian , van den Bussche Hendrik , Lühmann Dagmar , Oey Anke , Wiese Birgitt , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Pentzek Michael , Stein Janine , Luck Tobias , Bickel Horst , Mösch Edelgard , Heser Kathrin , Wagner Michael , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , König Hans‐Helmut ,   for the AgeCoDe & AgeQualiDe Study Groups
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of falls on depressive symptoms among the oldest old in Germany longitudinally.MethodsData were used from 2 waves of the multicenter prospective cohort “Study on needs, health service use, costs and health‐related quality of life in a large sample of oldest‐old primary care patients (85+)” (AgeQualiDe). This study covers primary care patients ≥85 years (at baseline: n = 547, average age of 88.9 ± 3.0 years; ranging from 85 to 100 years). General practitioner‐diagnosed falls were used as explanatory variable. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used as outcome measure.ResultsLinear fixed effects regressions showed that the occurrence of falls is associated with an increase in depressive symptoms (β = .60,P = .02), whereas changes in marital status, ageing, social support, functional decline (instrumental activity of daily living), cognitive impairment, and an increase in chronic diseases did not affect depressive symptoms. In sensitivity analysis, an increase in depressive symptoms was associated with functional impairment (basic activities of daily living; Barthel index;β = −.04,P = .005).ConclusionsBased on a large, population‐based longitudinal study, this study underlined the impact of falls on depressive symptoms and consequently extended previous knowledge about an association between falls and depressive symptoms in the oldest old. Developing strategies to prevent falls might also help to prevent depressive symptoms.
Statins and cognition in late‐life bipolar disorder
Authors: Rej Soham , Schulte Sarah Waters , Rajji Tarek K. , Gildengers Ariel G. , Miranda Dielle , Menon Mahesh , Butters Meryl A. , Mulsant Benoit H. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesRecent data suggests that statins have positive effects on cognition in older adults. Studies in patients with mood disorders have found contradicting positive and negative effects of statins on mood and cognition, with limited data in bipolar disorder (BD). The objective of this study was to assess the association between statin use and cognition in older adults with BD.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional sample of 143 euthymic older adults with BD (age ≥ 50), statin users (n = 48) and nonusers (n = 95) were compared for cognitive outcomes: Global and cognitive domain z‐scores were calculated from detailed neuropsychological batteries using normative data from healthy comparators (n = 87).ResultsThe sample had a mean age of 64.3 (±8.9) years, 65.0% were female, with an average of 15.1 (±2.79) years of education. Statin users did not differ from nonusers on global (−0.60 [±0.69] vs −0.49 [±0.68], t[127] = 0.80, P = .42) or individual cognitive domains z‐score.ConclusionsIn older patients with BD, statin use is not independently associated with cognitive impairment. This suggests that in older BD patients, the cognitive dysfunction associated with BD trumps the potential cognitive benefit that is associated with statins in older adults without a psychiatric disorder. Further, statins do not seem to exacerbate this cognitive dysfunction. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Human bocavirus, coronavirus, and polyomavirus detected among patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa, 2012 to 2013
Authors: Subramoney Kathleen , Hellferscee Orienka , Pretorius Marthi , Tempia Stefano , McMorrow Meredith , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , Variava Ebrahim , Dawood Halima , Kahn Kathleen , Walaza Sibongile , Madhi Shabir A. , Cohen Cheryl , Venter Marietjie , Treurnicht Florette K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (hBoV), human coronaviruses (hCoV), and human polyomaviruses (hPyV) among patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), in South Africa.MethodsThe study included 680 South African patients randomly selected in age‐defined categories from hospitalised patients enrolled through SARI surveillance during 2012 to 2013. A multiplex reverse transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect hBoV; hCoV‐OC43, hCoV‐229E, hCoV‐NL63, and hCoV‐HKU1; and Washington University hPyV (hPyV‐WU) and Karolinska Insitute hPyV (hPyV‐KI), in respiratory tract specimens collected from patients with SARI. All respiratory specimens from patients enrolled through SARI surveillance were also routinely tested by multiplex reverse transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction for adenovirus; enterovirus; human metapneumovirus; parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3; respiratory syncytial virus; rhinovirus; influenza A, and influenza B.ResultsHuman bocavirus, hCoV‐229E, and hPyV‐WU were detected in 3.7% (25/680), 4.1% (28/680), and 4.1% (28/680) of respiratory specimens, respectively. All other viruses were detected in <2% of specimens. Rhinovirus was the most common coinfecting virus (21.4%‐60.7%), followed by adenovirus (21.4%‐39.3%), and respiratory syncytial virus (10.7%‐24.0%). Testing for the additional viruses (hBoV, hCoV, and hPyV) decreased the number of specimens that initially tested negative by 2.9% (20/680).ConclusionInclusion of laboratory tests for hBoV, hCoV‐229E, and hPyV‐WU in differential testing algorithms for surveillance and diagnostics for suspected cases of respiratory illness of unknown cause may improve our understanding of the etiology of SARI, especially in a country like South Africa with a high number of immune compromised persons.
Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales
Authors: Rose Lucy A. , Karwan Diana L. , Godsey Sarah E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConcentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships reflect material sources, storage, reaction, proximity, and transport in catchments. Differences in hydrologic pathways and connectivity influence observed C‐Q patterns at the catchment outlet. We examined solute and sediment C‐Q relationships at event and interannual timescales in a small mid‐Atlantic (USA) catchment. We found systematic differences in the C‐Q behaviour of geogenic/exogenous solutes (e.g., calcium and nitrate), biologically associated solutes (e.g., dissolved organic carbon), and particulate materials (e.g., total suspended solids). Negative log(C)–log(Q) regression slopes, indicating dilution, were common for geogenic solutes whereas positive slopes, indicating concentration increase, were common for biologically associated solutes. Biologically associated solutes often exhibited counterclockwise hysteresis during events whereas geogenic solutes exhibited clockwise hysteresis. Across event and interannual timescales, solute C‐Q patterns are linked to the spatial distribution of hydrologic sources and the timing and sequence of hydro‐biogeochemical source contributions to the stream. Groundwater is the primary source of stormflow during the earliest and latest stages of events, whereas precipitation and soil water become increasingly connected to the stream near peakflow. This sequence and timing of flowpath connectivity results in dilution and clockwise hysteresis for geogenic/exogenous solutes and concentration increase and counterclockwise hysteresis for biologically associated solutes. Particulate materials demonstrated positive C‐Q slopes over the long‐term and clockwise hysteresis during individual events. Drivers of particulate and solute C‐Q relationships differ, based on longitudinal and lateral expansion of active channels and changing shear stresses with increasing flows. Although important distinctions exist between the drivers of solute and sediment C‐Q relationships, overall solute and sediment C‐Q patterns at event and interannual timescales reflect consistent catchment hydro‐biogeochemical processes.
Islamic banking, credit, and economic growth: Some empirical evidence
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Helmi Mohamad Husam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of Islamic banking on the causal linkages between credit and gross domestic product (GDP) by comparing two sets of seven emerging countries, the first without Islamic banks and the second with a dual banking system including both Islamic and conventional banks. Unlike previous studies, it checks the robustness of the results by applying both time series and panel methods; moreover, it tests for both long‐ and short‐run causality. In brief, the findings highlight significant differences between the two sets of countries reflecting the distinctive features of Islamic banks. Specifically, the time series analysis provides evidence of long‐run causality running from credit to GDP in countries with Islamic banks. This is confirmed by the panel causality tests, although in this case short‐run causality in countries without Islamic banks is also found.
Exposure to suicide and suicide bereavement among women firefighters: Associated suicidality and psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Stanley Ian H. , Spencer‐Thomas Sally , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine experiences with suicide exposure and bereavement among women firefighters.MethodsWomen firefighters (N = 266, Mage = 37.64y) completed self‐report measures assessing their experiences with suicide exposure, history of suicidality, current psychiatric symptoms, and suicide risk.ResultsThree‐fourths (74.4%) of participants reported knowing someone who had died by suicide; of these participants, 31.3% reported losing a fellow firefighter to suicide. Exposure to suicide during one's firefighting career was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms and suicide risk. Greater impact of a suicide death was significantly associated with more severe current suicide risk, even after controlling for prior suicidality and other psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsWomen firefighters exposed to suicide during their careers may experience more severe psychiatric symptoms and increased suicide risk as compared to their counterparts without this exposure. In particular, women firefighters who are more severely impacted by a suicide loss may be at increased suicide risk.
A newly synthesized N,O group modified hypercrosslinked resin with effective uptake towards polyphenols from aqueous media: behavior and mechanism
Authors: Xu Chao , Sun Weizhi , Qin Xiaoli , Wang Chuanhong , Yu Shitao , Xian Mo , Liu Huizhou 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA series of hypercrosslinked resins were synthesized by controlling the reaction conditions of the Friedel–Crafts reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene (St‐DVB‐Cl), which realized reasonable adjustment of pore structure, surface area and other physical properties. Based on this, a new N,O modified hypercrosslinked resin (St‐DVB‐NB‐AC2O) was successfully prepared by the innovative nitration system, and the adsorption behavior of St‐DVB‐NB‐AC2O was studied under different conditions. The adsorption mechanism between adsorbent and adsorbate was explained by frontier orbital theory and density functional theory.RESULTSThe adsorption capacity of polyphenols on the optimal hypercrosslinked resin (St‐DVB‐NB‐5) was 16.67% higher than that of the optimal commercial resin NDA150. Compared with St‐DVB‐NB‐5, the adsorption increment of hydroxyphenol on St‐DVB‐NB‐AC2O was 31.42%, which was 1.51–8.36 times higher than commercial materials. The Freundlich model was the most suitable for fitting the equilibrium data. However, the pseudo‐first‐/second‐order rate equation was more appropriate for characterizing the kinetic data, suggesting that the adsorption process might be concerned with a physical reaction.CONCLUSIONThe fundamental reason for the large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate of St‐DVB‐NB‐AC2O is its strong physical structure and chemical surface properties, which provided improved guidance for the harmless and resource‐based treatment of phenolic wastewaters. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
HIV testing history and access to treatment among migrants living with HIV in Europe
Authors: Fakoya Ibidun , Álvarez‐Del Arco Débora , Monge Susana , Copas Andrew J , Gennotte Anne‐Francoise , Volny‐Anne Alain , Wengenroth Claudia , Touloumi Giota , Prins Maria , Barros Henrique , Darling Katharine EA , Prestileo Tullio , Del Amo Julia , Burns Fiona M ,   the aMASE Study Team
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionMigrants are overrepresented in the European HIV epidemic. We aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and current treatment and healthcare needs of migrants living with HIV in Europe.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 57 HIV clinics in nine countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom), July 2013 to July 2015. HIV‐positive patients were eligible for inclusion if they were as follows: 18 years or older; foreign‐born residents and diagnosed within five years of recruitment. Questionnaires were completed electronically in one of 15 languages and linked to clinical records. Primary outcomes were access to primary care and previous negative HIV test. Data were analysed using random effects logistic regression. Outcomes of interest are presented for women, heterosexual men and gay/bisexual men.ResultsA total of 2093 respondents (658 women, 446 heterosexual men and 989 gay/bisexual men) were included. The prevalence of a previous negative HIV test was 46.7%, 43.4% and 82.0% for women, heterosexual and gay/bisexual men respectively. In multivariable analysis previous testing was positively associated with: receipt of post‐migration antenatal care among women, permanent residency among heterosexual men and identifying as gay rather than bisexual among gay/bisexual men. Access to primary care was found to be high (>83%) in all groups and was strongly associated with country of residence. Late diagnosis was common for women and heterosexual men (60.8% and 67.1%, respectively) despite utilization of health services prior to diagnosis. Across all groups almost three‐quarters of people on antiretrovirals had an HIV viral load <50 copies/mL.ConclusionsMigrants access healthcare in Europe and while many migrants had previously tested for HIV, that they went on to test positive at a later date suggests that opportunities for HIV prevention are being missed. Expansion of testing beyond sexual health and antenatal settings is still required and testing opportunities should be linked with combination prevention measures such as access to PrEP and treatment as prevention.
Analysis of volatile organic compounds in crumb and crust of different baked and toasted gluten‐free breads by direct PTR‐ToF‐MS and fast‐GC‐PTR‐ToF‐MS
Authors: Pico Joana , Khomenko Iuliia , Capozzi Vittorio , Navarini Luciano , Bernal José , Gómez Manuel , Biasioli Franco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProton transfer reaction (PTR)‐time of fight (ToF)‐mass spectrometry (MS) has been recently employed as a quick, easy, and sensitive alternative to gas chromatography MS for the analysis of volatile compounds in food. In the present work, PTR‐ToF‐MS was applied to the characterization of the volatile profiles of the baked and toasted crumbs and crusts of 5 gluten‐free breads elaborated with quinoa, teff, and rice flours as well as corn and wheat starches and wheat bread as a control samples. Two hundred fifty‐nine peaks (m/z) were detected, 86 peaks were tentatively identified, and 56 volatile compounds were selected as important contributors to bread aroma. Fast gas chromatography PTR‐ToF‐MS analyses were performed with 42 standards to identify them in the baked crumbs and crusts, 18 of them being present in all the samples. From the baked samples, it was concluded that quinoa crust was the 1 with higher volatile compound in high abundance, characterized by volatile compounds from fermentation, lipid oxidation, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, and diethyl‐pyrazines, while wheat crust was characterized by the highest content in furan derivatives. The toasting time led to crust samples with an increased content in all the volatile compounds: Quinoa crust was now characterized by the highest content in all the pyrazines and furan derivatives, while starches were distinguished by the highest abundance in 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline and diethyl‐pyrazines. Neither the baked crumbs nor the toasted crumbs presented the highest content in none of the volatile compounds. Therefore, it was concluded that quinoa flour can be a suitable alternative for the elaboration of baked and toasted breads due to the high content of pleasant volatile compounds from fermentation, the key volatile in crust 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (baked sample), as well as pleasant pyrazines and toasted‐like furan derivatives (baked and toasted samples); however, the off‐flavor volatile compounds from lipid oxidation as well as the bitter saponins present in quinoa bread should be taken into account.
GC‐MS aroma characterization of vegetable matrices: Focus on 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines
Authors: Mutarutwa Delvana , Navarini Luciano , Lonzarich Valentina , Compagnone Dario , Pittia Paola 
Published: July 2018

Abstract3‐Alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines (MPs) are a very important class of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), intensively characterizing the aroma of several food products including fruits and vegetables. Due to the very low orthonasal sensory threshold, low amounts of MPs may act as key positive or negative aroma compounds. The analysis of these volatiles in foods is then remarkably important, and it may be very challenging as confirmed by the scarce literature focused on MPs, particularly with respect to quantitative data. In the attempt to fill this gap, in this work, presence and quantification of MPs in four different vegetables, namely, green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var grossum), green pea (Pisum sativum L. and Pisum spp), carrot (Daucus carota subsp sativus), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) have been investigated. Two different volatile extraction techniques (solid phase microextraction [SPME] and simultaneous distillation‐extraction [SDE]) in conjunction with VOC qualitative analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) methods were applied. Solid phase microextraction coupled with GC‐MS in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode showed the best performances in sensitivity to detect MPs on the different vegetable matrices. Therefore, a headspace (HS) SPME‐GC‐MS quantitative method was developed and optimized, and dominant MPs quantified. 3‐Isopropyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 3‐sec‐butyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine (sBMP), and 3‐isobutyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine (IBMP) have been detected and quantified in all the vegetables. 3‐Isopropyl‐2‐methoxypyrazine was the prevalent MP in peas and cucumber while IBMP in bell pepper. These MPs were detected for the first time in carrot and cucumber. Finally, sBMP has been confirmed to be the most important MP in carrot. The developed method allowed to characterize the VOC pattern and, in particular, to quantify MPs in four vegetables. Results highlight the feasibility of further applications of the analytical approach to determine MPs in other food matrices where an excessive amount of these aromas may negatively affect their flavor (eg, coffee).