bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic evaluation of the hospital depression scale (HADS) and the Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) in adults with congenital heart disease using a structured clinical interview: Impact of depression severity
Authors: Westhoff-Bleck Mechthild , Winter Lotta , Aguirre Davila Lukas , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Treptau Jens , Bauersachs Johann , Bleich Stefan , Kahl Kai G 
Published: July 2019

Objective The purpose of this study was the diagnostic evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale total score, its depression subscale and the Beck depression inventory II in adults with congenital heart disease. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 206 patients with congenital heart disease (mean age 35.3 ± 11.7 years; 58.3% men). Major depressive disorder was diagnosed by a structured clinical interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV and disease severity with the Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale. Receiver operating characteristics provided assessment of diagnostic accuracy. Youden’s J statistic identified optimal cut-off points. Results Fifty-three participants (25.7%) presented with major depressive disorder. Of these, 28 (52.8%) had mild and 25 (47.2%) had moderate to severe symptoms. In the total cohort, the optimal cut-off of values was >11 in the Beck depression inventory II, >11 in the hospital anxiety and depression scale and >5 in the depression subscale. Optimal cut-off points for moderate to severe major depressive disorder were similar. The cut-offs for mild major depressive disorder were lower (Beck depression inventory II >4; hospital anxiety and depression scale >8; >2 in its depression subscale). In the total cohort the calculated area under the curve varied between 0.906 (hospital anxiety and depression scale) and 0.93 (Beck depression inventory II). Detection of moderate to severe major depressive disorder (area under the curve 0.965–0.98) was excellent; detection of mild major depressive disorder (area under the curve 0.851–0.885) was limited. Patients with major depressive disorder had a significantly lower quality of life, even when they had mild symptoms. Conclusion All scales were excellent for detecting moderate to severe major depressive disorder. Classification of mild major depressive disorder, representing 50% of cases, was limited. Therapy necessitating loss of quality of life is already present in major depressive disorder with mild symptoms. Established cut-off points may still be too high to identify patients with major depressive disorder requiring therapy. External validation is needed to confirm our data.
Cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction in Sweden – evaluation of programme characteristics and adherence to European guidelines: The Perfect Cardiac Rehabilitation (Perfect-CR) study
Authors: Ögmundsdottir Michelsen Halldora , Sjölin Ingela , Schlyter Mona , Hagström Emil , Kiessling Anna , Henriksson Peter , Held Claes , Hag Emma , Nilsson Lennart , Bäck Maria , Schiopu Alexandru , Zaman M Justin , Leosdottir Margret 
Published: July 2019

Background While patient performance after participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after acute myocardial infarction is regularly reported through registry and survey data, information on cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics is less well described. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate Swedish cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics and adherence to European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Method Cardiac rehabilitation programme characteristics at all 78 cardiac rehabilitation centres in Sweden in 2016 were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire (100% response rate). The questions were based on core components of cardiac rehabilitation as recommended by European Guidelines. Results There was a wide variation in programme duration (2–14 months). All programmes reported offering an individual post-discharge visit with a nurse, and 90% ( n = 70) did so within three weeks from discharge. Most programmes offered centre-based exercise training ( n = 76, 97%) and group educational sessions ( n = 61, 78%). All programmes reported to the national audit, SWEDEHEART, and 60% ( n = 47) reported that performance was regularly assessed using audit data, to improve quality of care. Ninety-six per cent ( n = 75) had a core team consisting of a cardiologist, a physiotherapist and a nurse and 76% ( n = 59) reported having a medical director. Having other allied healthcare professionals included in the cardiac rehabilitation team varied. Forty per cent ( n = 31) reported having regular team meetings where nurses, physiotherapists and cardiologist could discuss patient cases. Conclusion The overall quality of cardiac rehabilitation programmes provided in Sweden is high. Still, there are several areas of potential improvement. Monitoring programme characteristics as well as patient outcomes might improve programme quality and patient outcomes both at a local and a national level.
Socioeconomic position and one-year mortality risk among patients with heart failure: A nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Andersen Julie , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Gislason Gunnar , Schou Morten , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Hlatky Mark A , Møller Sidsel , Madelaire Christian , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine 
Published: July 2019

Aims We sought to determine whether socioeconomic position affects the survival of patients with heart failure treated in a national healthcare system. Methods We linked national Danish registers, identified 145,690 patients with new-onset heart failure between 2000 and 2015, and obtained information on education and income levels. We analysed differences in survival by income quartile and educational level using multiple Cox regression, stratified by sex. We standardised one-year mortality risks according to income level by age, year of diagnosis, cohabitation status, educational level, comorbidities and medical treatment of all patients. We standardised one-year mortality risk according to educational level by age and year of diagnosis. Results One-year mortality was inversely related to income. In women the standardised average one-year mortality risk was 28.0% in the lowest income quartile and 24.3% in the highest income quartile, a risk difference of −3.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) −4.9% to −2.6%). In men the standardised one-year mortality risk was 26.1% in the lowest income quartile and 20.2% in the highest income quartile, a risk difference of −5.8% (95% CI −6.8% to −4.9%). Similar gradients in standardised mortality were present between the highest and lowest educational levels: −6.6% (95% CI −9.6% to −3.5%) among women and −5.0% (95% CI −6.3% to −3.7%) among men. Conclusions Income and educational level affect the survival of patients with heart failure, even in a national health system. Research is needed to investigate how socioeconomic differences affect survival.
Could mindfulness-based cognitive therapy prevent a lifelong recurrent course of depression or anxiety by addressing key mechanisms of vulnerability in high-risk adolescents?
Authors: Ford Tamsin , Richardson Jessica , Wilkinson Kath , Smith Patrick , Berry Vashti , Barnhofer Thorsten , Fox Jerry , Kuyken Willem 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe explore the potential of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a skills-based intervention that provides participants with sustainable tools for adaptive responses to stress and negative mood, for the large group of young people with depression or anxiety who only partially or briefly respond to currently available first-line interventions.
Input and Soft-Tissue Vibration Characteristics during Sport-Specific Tasks
Authors: TRAMA ROBIN , HAUTIER CHRISTOPHE , BLACHE YOANN 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To assess the influence of sport-specific tasks on the characteristics of input and soft-tissue vibrations.

Methods
Triaxial accelerometers were used to quantify the input (heel cup of the shoe) and soft-tissue vibrations of the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis muscles during seven sport-specific tasks performed by 10 healthy volunteers. A wavelet analysis was used to analyze the acceleration signals in the time–frequency domain. The energy and frequency of the input and soft-tissue vibrations, as well as the transmission of energy from the input to the muscles and the damping properties of soft tissues, were computed.

Results
Different inputs, energy transmissions, and damping properties were found between the various movements. Landings and side cuts induced the greatest input frequency and energy, as well as the greatest soft-tissue vibration energy. These tasks produced up to three times greater energy than in-line running. Positive energy transmission was found for frequencies under 50 Hz and for frequencies up to 90 Hz for some movements, indicating a possible change in the natural frequency of vibration within muscle. Only small differences in damping properties were found, which may indicate that the attenuation of the vibration was not the priority during these tasks.

Conclusions
Athletes are subject to greater energy impacts and vibrations during some sport-specific tasks compared with running. It may be useful to decrease such input/vibration energy via the usage of footwear or compression tools to limit their potential deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. It is, therefore, recommended to quantify and control the number of impacts induced by the different sport-specific tasks.
Effects of Lifestyle Physical Activity on Vascular Function in Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: LASLOVICH STEVE , ALVAR BRENT A. , ALLISON MATTHEW , RAUH MITCHELL J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-wk in-home self-monitored physical activity (PA) program targeting a combination of lifestyle PA program on changes in endothelial reactivity, arterial stiffness, sedentary behaviors, and upright and stepping activities in individuals with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (APAD).

Methods
Participants (n = 38) with APAD (ages 52–87 yr) were randomized to attention control (AC) or a PA sedentary reduction (PASR) group using an interactive online 3-month program focusing on increasing lifestyle PA and decreasing sedentary behaviors. The ActivPal™ PA monitor was used to measure postural and stepping parameters. Endothelial reactivity (peripheral arterial tone–reactive hyperemia index [PAT-RHI]) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured using the EndoPAT™ system at baseline and 3 months.

Results
The PASR group significantly decreased daily sit/lie hours (−0.80 ± 0.87 vs 0.18 ± 0.77 P = 0.001), increased sit-to-stand transitions per day (7.1 ± 10.5 vs −1.4 ± 5.71, P < 0.001), and increased daily step counts (2814 ± 1753 vs 742 ± 1321, P < 0.001). The PASR group also increased steps per day accumulated within specific cadence bands 61–80 steps per minute (1252 ± 447 vs 177 ± 359, P < 0.001), 81–100 steps per minute band (919 ± 511 vs −98 ± 697, P < 0.001), and within the 101–120 steps per minute band (415 ± 625 vs −327 ± 467, P < 0.001) versus the AC group. PAT-RHI significantly increased in the PASR group (0.179 ± 0.180 vs 0.0.044 ± 0.101, P = 0.019), whereas no significant changes were observed in PAT-AIx.

Conclusions
Modest improvements in microvascular reactivity, PA, sedentary behavior, but not arterial stiffness were demonstrated after a 12-wk intervention targeting sedentary behavior reduction and increased lifestyle PA in individuals with APAD.
Lumbar spine radiographs — is it time for widespread adoption of posteroanterior projection?
Authors: Green Christopher , Karnati Guru , Thomson Katharine , Subramanian Ashok 
Published: July 2019

Objective:Phantom studies and a prior patient study have shown up to 53% effective dose reduction when lumbar spine radiographs are acquired posteroanterior (PA) instead of anteroposterior (AP). Since November 2017, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust has acquired all standing lumbar spine radiographs PA. The aim of this study was to locally evaluate dose and image quality in both projections and survey current UK practice.Methods:80 outpatients having a standing lumbar spine radiograph (40 AP; 40 PA) had their dose–area product recorded at a constant KV and focus film distance. Effective dose was calculated using PCXMC software. Each blinded radiograph was scored against an optimal reference image using European Guidelines criteria. The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U tests and linear regression. Eighty radiologists nationally were sent an anonymous survey to establish their current practice.Results:A lumbar spine radiograph acquired PA instead of AP reduced effective dose by 41% (p < 0.001) with no difference in image quality (p = 0.9). 21 radiologists completed our survey and only 1 NHS Trust is currently using PA.Conclusion:PA lumbar spine radiography reduces patient radiation exposure with no affect on image quality, acquisition time or cost. The majority of NHS Trusts nationally are still using AP and it is time to standardize to PA.Advances in knowledge:This patient study provides further good evidence of how reduction in exposure to ionizing radiation can be achieved in lumbar spine radiography and more widespread adoption of PA protocol could improve patient safety.
Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration
Authors: Akber Subhana , Mahmood Hana , Fatima Razia , Wali Ahmed , Alam Ashraful , Sheraz Syed Yahya , Yaqoob Aashifa , Najmi Hina , Abbasi Saleem , Mahmood Humaira , Dibley Michael J. , Hazir Tabish 
Published: July 2019

Background: Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at infancy and young age of the children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age. Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS 2018) however; indicates that only 48% of infants are exclusively breastfed which has been improved from 38% as reported in the past five years but still more improvement is envisaged. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for this post-intervention survey assessing effectiveness of mobile health (mhealth) regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tarlai, Islamabad from May to June 2018. A total of 135 mothers who were earlier included in the intervention phase were recruited after obtaining verbal & written consent. The data was entered in EpiData (3.1) and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of these pregnant and lactating mothers was 30.5 years ± 4.5 SD with the majority of mothers in the age group of 25 to 29 years. After intervention, the overall knowledge of mothers regarding IYCF nutrition was raised among 94 mothers (69.6%) as compared to 74 (54.8%) mothers prior to the intervention. Overall attitude regarding IYCF was found to be positive among 86 (63.7%) of the mothers, whereas 88 (65.2%) of the mothers had good IYCF related practices. Conclusion: Our post-intervention survey signifies the effectiveness of mhealth in raising knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers regarding IYCF in rural Islamabad. However, implementation of mhealth in masses requires future research specifically to address cost-effectiveness of such interventions in maternal & child health programmes.
Influence of Aggregate–Binder Adhesion on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Lucas Júnior Jorge Luiz Oliveira , Babadopulos Lucas Feitosa de Albuquerque Lima , Soares Jorge Barbosa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The adhesiveness between aggregate and asphalt binder is believed to affect the life cycle of asphalt pavements, mainly in the presence of water. One of the most common asphalt pavement distresses is fatigue cracking. The objective of this article is to investigate the relationship between adhesion properties and fatigue life of asphalt mixtures. The asphalt bond strength test was used to measure adhesion (pull-off tensile strength) at two different moisture conditioning states: unconditioned (or dry) and conditioned in distilled water for 24 h at 40°C. The test consists of measuring the pull-off pressure required to break an aggregate–binder interface, called the pull-off tensile strength. For the fatigue damage characterization of the mixtures, controlled crosshead sinusoidal tension-compression tests were used, associated with the Simplified Viscoelastic Continuum Damage modeling protocol. Four asphalt mixtures were investigated. They share the same aggregate gradation but differ in aggregate source (two different sources) and the presence or absence of an anti-stripping agent. The mixture with pure asphalt binder showed higher values of pull-off tensile strength than mixtures with asphalt binder doped by an anti-stripping agent. However, the analysis of the pull-off tensile strength ratio (comparison between unconditioned and moisture-conditioned specimens) showed that the addition of anti-stripping agent provided significant moisture damage resistance in the aggregate–binder interface. Results also show that mixtures with asphalt binder modified by anti-stripping agent had higher simulated fatigue life than mixtures with pure asphalt binder. Excellent correlations were obtained between the strain amplitude required to obtain a given @ Nf (strain amplitude @ Nf) with pull-off tensile strength, which confirms that the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures is related to the adhesion between aggregate and asphalt binder.
A Neural Circuit Mechanism for the Involvements of Dopamine in Effort-Related Choices: Decay of Learned Values, Secondary Effects of Depletion, and Calculation of Temporal Difference Error
Authors: Morita Kenji , Kato Ayaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDopamine has been suggested to be crucially involved in effort-related choices. Key findings are that dopamine depletion (i) changed preference for a high-cost, large-reward option to a low-cost, small-reward option, (ii) but not when the large-reward option was also low-cost or the small-reward option gave no reward, (iii) while increasing the latency in all the cases but only transiently, and (iv) that antagonism of either dopamine D1 or D2 receptors also specifically impaired selection of the high-cost, large-reward option. The underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that findings i–iii can be explained by the dopaminergic representation of temporal-difference reward-prediction error (TD-RPE), whose mechanisms have now become clarified, if (1) the synaptic strengths storing the values of actions mildly decay in time and (2) the obtained-reward-representing excitatory input to dopamine neurons increases after dopamine depletion. The former is potentially caused by background neural activity–induced weak synaptic plasticity, and the latter is assumed to occur through post-depletion increase of neural activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus, where neurons representing obtained reward exist and presumably send excitatory projections to dopamine neurons. We further show that finding iv, which is nontrivial given the suggested distinct functions of the D1 and D2 corticostriatal pathways, can also be explained if we additionally assume a proposed mechanism of TD-RPE calculation, in which the D1 and D2 pathways encode the values of actions with a temporal difference. These results suggest a possible circuit mechanism for the involvements of dopamine in effort-related choices and, simultaneously, provide implications for the mechanisms of TD-RPE calculation.
Online LI-rTMS during a Visual Learning Task: Differential Impacts on Visual Circuit and Behavioral Plasticity in Adult Ephrin-A2A5–/–Mice
Authors: Poh Eugenia Z. , Harvey Alan R. , Makowiecki Kalina , Rodger Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces plasticity in normal and abnormal neural circuitries, an effect that may be influenced by intrinsic brain activity during treatment. Here, we study potential synergistic effects between low-intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) and concurrent neural activity in promoting circuit reorganization and enhancing visual behavior. We used ephrin-A2A5–/–mice, which are known to possess visuotopic mapping errors that are ameliorated by LI-rTMS, and assessed the impact of stimulation when mice were engaged in a visual learning task. A detachable coil was affixed to each mouse, and animals underwent 2 wk of 10-min daily training in a two-choice visual discrimination task with concurrent LI-rTMS or sham stimulation. No-task controls (+LI-rTMS/sham) were placed in the task arena without visual task training. At the end of the experiment, visuomotor tracking behavior was assessed, and corticotectal and geniculocortical pathway organization was mapped by injections of fluorescent tracers into the primary visual cortex. Consistent with previous results, LI-rTMS alone improved geniculocortical and corticotectal topography, but combining LI-rTMS with the visual learning task prevented beneficial corticotectal reorganization and had no additional effect on geniculocortical topography or visuomotor tracking performance. Unexpectedly, there was a significant increase in the total number of trials completed by task + LI-rTMS mice in the visual learning task. Comparison with wild-type mice revealed that ephrin-A2A5–/–mice had reduced accuracy and response rates, suggesting a goal-directed behavioral deficit, which was improved by LI-rTMS. Our results suggest that concurrent brain activity during behavior interacts with LI-rTMS, altering behavior and different visual circuits in an abnormal system.
FERMI: A Novel Method for Sensitive Detection of Rare Mutations in Somatic Tissue
Authors: Liggett L Alexander , Sharma Anchal , De Subhajyoti , DeGregori James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith growing interest in monitoring mutational processes in normal tissues, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer evolution under therapy, the ability to accurately and economically detect ultra-rare mutations is becoming increasingly important. However, this capability has often been compromised by significant sequencing, PCR and DNA preparation error rates. Here, we describe FERMI (Fast Extremely Rare Mutation Identification) - a novel method designed to eliminate the majority of these sequencing and library-preparation errors in order to significantly improve rare somatic mutation detection. This method leverages barcoded targeting probes to capture and sequence DNA of interest with single copy resolution. The variant calls from the barcoded sequencing data are then further filtered in a position-dependent fashion against an adaptive, context-aware null model in order to distinguish true variants. As a proof of principle, we employ FERMI to probe bone marrow biopsies from leukemia patients, and show that rare mutations and clonal evolution can be tracked throughout cancer treatment, including during historically intractable periods like minimum residual disease. Importantly, FERMI is able to accurately detect nascent clonal expansions within leukemias in a manner that may facilitate the early detection and characterization of cancer relapse.