bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periprocedural antibiotic treatment in transvascular aortic valve replacement
Authors: Gomes Bruna , Geis Nicolas A. , Leuschner Florian , Meder Benjamin , Konstandin Mathias , Katus Hugo A. , Bekeredjian Raffi 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundTo date, there are no guidelines recommending a specific prophylactic antibiotic treatment in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical data after TAVR with different periprocedural antibiotic regimens.MethodsIn May 2015 the institutional rules for periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis were changed from 3 days to 1 day. Thus, a total of 450 consecutive TAVR patients between February 2014 and June 2016 were classified into two intention‐to‐treat groups: patients receiving a 1‐day Cefuroxime prophylaxis (N = 225); patients receiving a 3‐day Cefuroxime prophylaxis (N = 225).ResultsOne‐day Cefuroxime regimen was not associated with shorter hospitalization (3‐day Cefuroxime 9 ± 4.7 vs 1‐day Cefuroxime 8.9 ± 4.0; P = 0.87). Incidence of diarrhea (26.2% vs 18.2%; P = 0.04) and Clostridium difficile infections (4% vs 0.4%; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the 3‐day group. No endocarditis was registered after 1 year follow‐up. There was no difference in 30‐day overall mortality rate, major vascular complications, bleeding complications, pacemaker‐implantation rate, paravalvular regurgitation, or acute kidney injury between patients groups.ConclusionThree‐day Cefuroxime prophylaxis does not seem to be advantageous compared to a shorter 1‐day regimen, but even shows a significantly higher incidence of diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection.
White Matter Microstructure Correlates with Memory Performance in Healthy Children: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Samara Amjad , Feng Kaiyang , Pivik R. Terry , Jarratt Kelly P. , Badger Thomas M. , Ou Xiawei 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe complex function of memory has been linked to both brain gray and white matter (WM). WM abnormalities are associated with memory impairment in pathological conditions. We investigated whether variation in WM microstructure in healthy children also correlates with memory performance.METHODSSixty‐five 7.5 to 8.5‐year‐old healthy children had a brain MRI scan using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). They were also assessed for memory performance using the Children's Memory Scale (CMS). Eight indices that evaluate verbal and visual memory (immediate and delayed) were measured. DTI parameters reflecting WM microstructure, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), were calculated and correlated with memory indices.RESULTSTract‐based spatial statistics analysis showed multiple WM tracts in which DTI parameters correlated with CMS indices. Specifically, FA (a reflection of WM integrity) and RD values (a reflection of myelination) in multiple projecting, association, and commissural WM tracts correlated with verbal delayed index (P < .05, corrected for voxel‐wise multiple comparisons). Also, FA values in several WM tracts, including superior longitudinal fasciculus and posterior corona radiata, positively correlated with delayed recognition index (P < .05, corrected). Region of interest analyses showed similar correlations between FA/RD and CMS scores in WM regions involving these tracts and additionally in the cingulum, and detected additional MD–CMS correlations in several regions.CONCLUSIONSSignificant correlations between DTI parameter values and CMS indices in multiple WM tracts in healthy children indicate that neuroimaging can sensitively detect brain WM changes associated with variations of memory function, even for that in the normal range.
Systolic ratio, index of closed orbits and convexity for tight contact forms on the three-sphere
Authors: Abbondandolo Alberto , Bramham Barney , Hryniewicz Umberto L. , Salomão Pedro A. S. 
Published: November 2018

We construct a dynamically convex contact form on the three-sphere whose systolic ratio is arbitrarily close to 2. This example is related to a conjecture of Viterbo, whose validity would imply that the systolic ratio of a convex contact form does not exceed 1. We also construct, for every integer $n\geqslant 2$, a tight contact form with systolic ratio arbitrarily close to $n$ and with suitable bounds on the mean rotation number of all the closed orbits of the induced Reeb flow.
Modeling Pipeline Metal Loss Defects at Tool Speed
Authors: Romney Matthew , Belanger Adrian 
Published: November 2018

Accurate defect sizing is crucial for maintaining effective pipeline safety and operation. Under growing pressure from local, national and world organizations, pipeline operators demand improved magnetic flux leakage (MFL) metal-loss sizing accuracy and classification from in-line inspection (ILI) tools.
The axial MFL field response in pipeline steel near a metal-loss defect is a very complex phenomenon. Although critical for proper sizing model development, the effects of tool speed due to product flow is very difficult to model during finite element analysis (FEA) and therefore is often overlooked. However, understanding the dynamic MFL response is crucial for proper ILI tool design and the development of accurate defect sizing algorithms.
T.D. Williamson (TDW) utilizes dynamic computer simulation modeling, paired with laboratory testing, to develop the complex parametric relationships between metal loss geometry, pipeline material and ILI tool speed. The blend of simulation and physical test results allow for TDW to iterate more quickly across multiple physics variables with simulation models, while maintaining a firm footing in reality with physical test validation. Accurately simulating magnetic field responses of metal loss under dynamic conditions produces the data necessary to identify optimal magnetizer design, including optimizing sensor spacing and placement for metal-loss defect sizing and characterization.
This paper will provide an overview of advances in the use of computer simulation modeling for predicting dynamic flux leakage field response. Besides increasing accuracy, results from this work will extend specifications beyond optimal speed ranges and provide the basis for general corrosion profilometry predictions from decomposition of the full MFL signal.
An Internet of Things (IoT) Project Based on a Text Messaging (SMS) Gateway Applied to a Pipeline SCADA System
Authors: D. Bezerra Marco Antonio , Cabral Mateus da C. S. , Santiago Edson R. 
Published: November 2018

The present work arose from problems occurred during the revamp of a pipeline SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system at the beginning of 2012, when occurred some unexpected system crashes that could interrupt the operation of the second major Brazilian pipeline maritime terminal.
Before a system breakdown, we observed some signs, like fail-overs in the event log files. If the development and maintenance crews were aware of these events not only the problem causes could be better understood, but also the imminent crash could have been avoided. A faster and autonomous way for the system communicates its problems was necessary.
ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) — a part of an autonomous communication system, which reports aircraft condition for a system on the ground, through satellite links and short messages — inspired us to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) system, using text messages (SMS, short message service) of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
Autonomous and short text messages are the keywords that drove our work, and the solution came through a text message gateway — the solution to get information in advance.
This presentation will discuss the idea, hardware and software components, message format, applications and future perspectives.
Corrosion Growth Modeling Based on Mass In-Line Inspection Data Using Variational Inference
Authors: Birkland Monica , Dann Markus R. 
Published: November 2018

In-line inspection (ILI) data is commonly used in corrosion growth models (CGMs) to predict the corrosion growth in energy pipelines. A hierarchical stochastic corrosion growth model is considered in this paper which considers the variations in the corrosion growth, both spatially and temporally, the inherent measurement error of the ILI tools as well as the model uncertainties. These uncertainties are represented as unknown model variables and are often inferred using a Bayesian method [1], [2] and samples of the unknown parameters’ posterior probability density functions (PDFs) are obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques [3].
ILIs can result in massive data sets. In order for MCMC-based inference techniques to yield reasonably accurate results, many samples (approaching infinity) are required. This fact in addition to the massive data sets exponentially increases the scale of the inference problem from an attainable solution to a potentially impossible one that is limited by today’s computing power. For this reason, MCMC-based inference techniques can become inefficient in the cases where ILI datasets are large. The objective is to propose variational inference (VI) as an alternative to MCMC to determine a Bayesian solution for the unknown parameters in complex stochastic CGMs. VI produces approximations of the posterior PDFs by treating the inference as an optimization problem. Variational inference emerged from machine learning for Bayesian inference of large data sets; therefore, it is an appropriate tool to use in the analysis of mass pipeline inspection data[4]–[7].
This paper introduces VI to solve the inference problem and provide a solution for a hierarchical stochastic CGM to describe the defect-specific corrosion growth experienced in pipelines based on excessively large ILI datasets. To gauge the accuracy of the VI implementation in the model, the results are compared to a set of values generated using a stochastic gamma process that represents the corrosion growth process experienced by the pipe.
Assessment of Stress Based Design Pipelines Experiencing High Axial Strains
Authors: Andrews Robert , Stephens Mark , Carr Malcolm , Brückner Johannes 
Published: November 2018

Strain based design concepts have been extensively used for subsea pipelines for both installation and service. However, most onshore transmission pipelines are designed assuming a maximum longitudinal stress, typically 90% SMYS. Some onshore pipelines have been designed for a limiting axial strain generated by causes such as seismic activity, frost heave, discontinuous permafrost or landslides. Models have been developed to predict the axial strain capacity in both tension (usually limited by the girth welds) and compression (where the limit is local buckling of the pipe wall).
In service monitoring of a pipeline initially designed on a stress basis may reveal that strains approaching or exceeding the design level are occurring, or are predicted to occur in the future. In these cases the pipeline operator will have to assess if the pipeline is fit for continued service. In principle strain based design approaches could be adapted for such an assessment.
Strain based design approaches place more onerous demands on the linepipe and the girth welds, but for a new pipeline these requirements can be addressed during design, material specification, procurement and weld procedure qualification. However, for an existing pipeline the data required to use strain based approaches may not be readily available. Some strain capacity models are only valid over a restricted range of inputs and so cannot be used in all cases. Hence there is a need to develop guidance for assessing the fitness for purpose of a stress based design pipeline that is found to be experiencing high axial strains.
The European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG) has initiated a program to develop such guidance. This paper presents the results of the first stage of this program. The requirements for data such as inspection records, weld metal fracture toughness and parent pipe mechanical properties are considered. A flow chart has been developed to guide operators when assessing an existing pipeline found to be subject to high strains, and a gap analysis identifies areas where additional work is required.
Condition Assessment for Optimizing Gasunie’s Network Improvement Program (GNIP)
Authors: Hommes Martin , van Bloemendaal Karen , Coster Roelof , Gielisse Maurice , van Agteren Martin H. , Jager Eric E. R. 
Published: November 2018

The regional gas transmission network of Gasunie Transport Services in the Netherlands consists of roughly 3000 km pipelines, 3000 valve stations, 75 pressure regulating and metering stations and 1100 gas receiving stations. Because the majority of these stations was built in the period 1960–1980, questions have arisen regarding their remaining technical lifetime and which measures should be taken to comply with future safety and transport standards. In the Gasunie Network Improvement Program (GNIP), these stations are replaced completely, prioritized on their expected condition.
By supplementing the GNIP Verification Project (GVP) to the GNIP, a “Plan-Do-Check-Act” circle was introduced to identify improvements from executing the GNIP. In the GVP, lifetime critical parts of the replaced stations are inspected by specialized companies, in-situ as well as in their laboratories, to assess their actual condition. The lessons learned and results from the GVP have led to adjustments in the replacement program in terms of both scope and pace.
This paper gives a general overview of the GNIP and the GVP. The results of the GVP are then presented with a focus on the condition of gas delivery stations, particularly the condition of components that are not or poorly accessible during normal operation, such as headers and wall crossings. The actions taken by Gasunie to adjust the GNIP based on the GVP outcomes will be discussed.
Terrain Analysis and Geologic Hazards Assessment: A Comparison of the Objectives and Methods of Each, and the Benefits of Completing Both in Parallel
Authors: Theriault Bailey , O’Leary Dennis , West Donald , Nixon Mark 
Published: November 2018

Terrain analyses and geologic hazards assessments are recognized as important components for pipeline planning, permitting, and asset management. Although the two types of assessments have inherently different objectives and outputs, there is some overlap in the results between the two and they tend to complement each other; thus, there are benefits to conducting the two assessments in parallel, and integrating the results. Likewise, situations may arise where information from both assessments may simultaneously prove useful in driving decision-making.
Terrain analyses seek to identify homogenous terrain units based on material types, surface expression, depth to bedrock, slope, drainage, and geomorphological processes. Information compiled during a terrain analysis helps to develop a detailed understanding of the local terrain, which can be used to estimate geotechnical soil properties, provide cost savings, and formulate sound decision-making throughout the life of a pipeline.
Geologic hazards assessments generally seek to individually identify, map, characterize, and ultimately allow for mitigation/monitoring of potential geologic hazards, through increasingly detailed geomorphic/geologic assessments. Some typical geologic hazards that are evaluated include landslide, seismic, subsidence, and hydrotechnical hazards. Once identified, a qualitative hazard classification (e.g., low, moderate, high) is generally assigned to each possible hazard, based on several criteria such as the activity level of the geologic process, rate and magnitude of movement of the hazard, the areal extent and proximity of the hazard, the estimated likelihood that the hazard would affect or engage a pipeline during its service life. The hazard classifications are often then tied to recommendations for additional assessment and/or response and mitigation.
The identification of a landslide will be used as an example to highlight how the two assessments can overlap and complement one another, but still provide unique information, and how the two assessments can be used in conjunction to inform better decision-making. Both assessments may identify the location of the same landslide or potentially unstable slope. The geologic hazards assessment would further characterize the landslide’s spatial relationship to the pipe both laterally and vertically, its activity level, etc., in order to evaluate the potential hazard the landslide poses to the pipeline. If mitigation was deemed necessary, information from both the terrain mapping and geologic hazards assessment could be used to evaluate the specific characteristics of the landslide, as well as the surrounding terrain, in order to select the most suitable form of mitigation.
Management System Competency Model and Development Program
Authors: Jean Mark S. , Sikorski Lynn A. , Zaleschuk Laura P. 
Published: November 2018

The pipeline industry continues to look for ways to improve its compliance and performance. Management systems have increased prevalence in the pipeline industry, with recognition that carefully designed and well-implemented management systems are the fundamental method that should be used to keep people safe, protect the environment and align organizational activities.
Experience has shown significantly better success rates with management system implementation, both in terms of the quality and speed, when the person responsible for the design, implementation and sustainment of the management system has an integrated set of technical and enabling competencies. However, there is currently no standardized competency model that can be used to support a Management Systems Professional’s specialized knowledge and skills. The paper outlines the competencies needed by individuals to be effective in the design, implementation, measurement and evaluation of management systems.
Applying a ‘whole-person’ perspective, the model includes business, relational and technical competencies that contribute to performance excellence for management system practitioners, including outlining example behaviours at target level performance and proficiency, and supported by a defined body of knowledge.
This paper describes the Management System Competency Model, including how it can be used to create a position-specific development program for application within various organizations. This research establishes a basis for the creation of a practical, systematic and easy to use development road map for individuals and organizations who use or leverage a management system.
Safety Culture Assessment and Continuous Monitoring Approach
Authors: Jean Mark S. , Zaleschuk Laura P. 
Published: November 2018

Safety culture is not a new concept, with origins dating back to 1986 and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.[1] The recognition of safety culture in organizations and its influence on incidents has been growing, with gaps in safety culture having been cited as a major contributory factor to recent failures in the oil and gas industry including the Piper Alpha event nearly a quarter of a century ago and was most recently identified as a causal factor in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster.[2]
Many different approaches have been developed to measure and assess organizational attitudes and behaviours, with the goal of improving safety culture. Traditional approaches for measurement have focused on:
▪ Questionnaires or surveys.
▪ Interviews.
▪ Observations.
▪ Focus groups.
▪ Document analysis.
While these approaches have provided valuable information regarding safety culture, more progressive approaches are being considered by leading companies. The establishment of Safety Culture Indicators and Continuous Monitoring as a method for improving safety culture is becoming more prevalent. This new approach enables companies to leverage the management systems that already are in place for managing their increasingly complex operating environments. Regulators have recognized this too and are beginning to recommend that continuous monitoring be included in a company’s toolbox as an additional approach to assessing internal safety culture.
This paper describes a comprehensive safety culture maturity model created to provide organizations with a method to review their management system and assess their existing safety culture. The assessment aids the development of a suite of organization-specific indicators to facilitate application of a continuous monitoring approach for ongoing improvement of safety culture.
Effective Risk Management for In Service Pipelines: Achieving ALARP by Pressure Management and Slab Protection
Authors: Carroll Francis , Hayes Jan 
Published: November 2018

In Australia (and the UK), pipeline operating companies have a regulatory obligation to ensure that their assets are designed, constructed, operated and maintained so that risk to people and the environment is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In many routine cases, demonstration that risk is ALARP is a matter of compliance with relevant technical standards. There are some cases, however, that are more complex.
If a pipeline has been subject to significant urban encroachment and does not conform to current design standards for this service, how does a pipeline operator decide whether risk controls are sufficient? In Australia, rather than either ‘grandfathering’ requirements or mandating retrospective compliance with new standards, operators are required to ensure pipelines are safe and that risk levels are acceptable. The answer in cases such as this is a matter of judgment and we have legal, moral and reputational responsibilities to get decisions such as this right. There is currently no formal requirement in the US for pipeline risks to be ALARP, although the concept is gradually being introduced to US industry safety law. Examples include US offshore well control rules, California refinery safety regulations and the nuclear sector concept of ‘as low as reasonably achievable’.
In this paper, we demonstrate application of the ALARP process to a case study pipeline built in the 1960s that has been heavily encroached by urban development. The Australian risk-based approach required formal ALARP assessment including consideration of options to reduce pressure, relocate or replace the pipeline, or increase the level of physical or procedural protection.
Current and predicted operating conditions on this existing pipeline allowed reduction in operating pressure in some of the encroached segments, sufficient to achieve the equivalent of current Australian requirements for ‘No Rupture’ in high consequence areas for new pipelines. In other areas this was not achievable and a lesser degree of pressure reduction was instigated, in combination with physical barrier protection. The physical barrier slabbing comprised over 7 km of 20 mm thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) slabs, buried above the pipeline. This approach was new in Australia and required field trials to confirm effectiveness against tiger tooth excavators and rotary augers.
These upgrades to the case study pipeline have significantly decreased the risk of pipeline failure, by reducing both likelihood and consequences of accidental impact. In combination with rigorous procedural controls such as patrol surveillance and community liaison, real risk reduction has been achieved and ALARP has been demonstrated.