bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of effects of magnetic field on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine
Authors: Niaki Seyed Reza Amini , Zadeh Fatemeh Gholi , Niaki Seyed Bahador Amini , Mouallem Joseph , Mahdavi Sajad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive experimental work for the application of permanent magnets with the intensity of 9,000 G to a four‐stroke four cylinders gasoline engine on fuel lines at a location near to the combustion chamber. By using the permanent magnet, the liquid fuel disintegrates into small diameter, and de‐clustering of the fuel molecules of hydrocarbon has been proved to provide better atomization of the fuel, which makes sure that the fuel strenuously combines with oxygen and results in complete and more efficient burning process inside the combustion chamber. The experimental analysis revealed that magnetic treatment has improved performance and emission characteristics. Analysis over the engine test results with magnetic fuel conditioning showed that the reduction of 4–12% in fuel consumption and reduction in 11, 10, 18, and 10% for CO, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions, respectively, compared to gasoline fuel without magnetic condition. Further, we experimentally investigated the performance of petrol engine parameters such as in‐cylinder temperature and pressure, cylinder, and head cylinder temperature, the temperature of different parts of the piston. As a whole, magnetic fuel treatment has improved combustion and reduced the harmful pollutants of the compression ignition engine.
Economic uncertainty, trading activity, and commodity futures volatility
Authors: Watugala Sumudu W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamics of commodity futures volatility. I derive the variance decomposition for the futures basis and show unexpected excess returns result from new information about expected future interest rates, convenience yields, and risk premia. Measures of uncertainty in economic conditions have significant predictive power for realized volatility of commodity futures returns, after controlling for lagged volatility, returns, commodity index trading, hedging pressure, and other trading activity, even during the so‐called “index financialization” period. During this period, hedge fund performance predicts volatility in grain commodities, which are affected by the US ethanol mandate.
A nomogram to estimate the risk of developing distant metastases in parotid cancer
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , Cannavicci Angelo , Bruno Chiara , Maggiore Giandomenico , Napoleone Vincenzo , Gallo Oreste 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundParotid cancer (PC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors whose management mainly focuses on locoregional control. However, distant metastases (DM) can represent the most common cause of treatment failure. We have defined the predictors and developed a model that can predict a single patient's risk to develop DM.MethodsWe have analyzed our institutional database of 259 patients with PC and use it to develop a nomogram. C‐index and calibration curves were used to assess performance of our model.ResultsDM appeared in 18.9% of patients. Age, cT, pN, perineural invasion, and adenoid cystic carcinoma were significantly associated with distant failure.ConclusionsWe here present the first model to identify patients with PC at high risk of DM. Such tool can be of great value in managing these rare cancers in terms of a more precise prognosis and follow‐up while waiting for better systemic therapies to come in the future.
Cost of providing emergency obstetric care in Tanzania's Kigoma region
Authors: Mengistu Tewodaj , Berruti Andrés , Krivelyova Anna , Swor Meghan , Waite Rachel , Maro Godson 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe provision of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) is critical for reducing maternal mortality, yet little is known about the costs of EmONC services in developing countries. This study estimates these costs at six health facilities in Tanzania's Kigoma region.MethodsThe study took a comprehensive programmatic approach considering all sources of financial and in‐kind support over a 1‐year period (1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013). Data were collected retrospectively and costs disaggregated by input, sources of support, programmatic activity, and patient type (nonsurgical, surgical patients, and among the latter patients undergoing caesarean sections).ResultsThe median per‐patient cost across the six facilities was $290. Personnel and equipment purchases accounted for the largest proportions of the total costs, representing 32% and 28%, respectively. Average per‐patient costs varied by patient type; cost per nonsurgical patient was $80, $258 for surgical patients and $426 for patients undergoing caesarean sections. Per‐patient costs also varied substantially by facility type: mean per‐patient cost at health centres was $620 compared with $169 at hospitals.ConclusionsThis study provides the first cost estimates of EmONC provision in Kigoma. These estimates could inform programme planning and highlight areas with potential scope for cost reductions.
Policy overview of the multisectoral nutrition planning process: The progress, challenges, and lessons learned from Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Ousmane , Doudou Maimouna Halidou , Drabo Koiné Maxime , Garnier Denis , Zagré Noël Marie , Sanou Dia , Reinhardt Kristina , Donnen Philippe 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntroductionMalnutrition is a multifactorial problem, and multisectoral planning is an indispensable tool.The objective of this study was (a) to evaluate the extent to which nutrition is integrated into policies and (b) to describe the process used by the government of Burkina Faso to reform its policy frameworks and multisectoral nutrition planning.MethodsThis was a qualitative study, and data were collected in two key steps: first, through a policy overview conducted in 2015 and, second, in November 2017, through a document review and individual stakeholder interviews with 32 key actors involved in national nutrition planning.ResultsThe extent to which nutrition is integrated into development policies varied from one sector to another. Since 2014, Burkina Faso has initiated nutrition planning through a multisectoral approach involving six sectors. This process was implemented in three key stages. Progress includes revision of national nutrition policy towards multisectoral perspective, formulation of a consensual and quality multisectoral nutrition strategic plan, creation of nutrition budget line, and establishment of nutrition technical secretariat.ConclusionTo improve the anchoring of multisectoral coordination bodies at the supra‐ministerial level, mobilizing resources and promoting sector accountability are key next steps that would contribute to the success of the implementation.
Basic psychological need satisfaction mediates the relationship between engaging leadership and work engagement: A cross‐national study
Authors: Rahmadani Vivi Gusrini , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Ivanova Tatiana Y. , Osin Evgeny N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current study investigates the mediating role of basic psychological need for satisfaction at work (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, and competence) in the relationship between engaging leadership (i.e., inspiring, strengthening, empowering, and connecting) and work engagement. Also, we are proposing and testing an additional need for meaningfulness that plays a similar mediating role. Data were collected from two independent samples from Indonesia (n = 607 state‐owned company employees) and Russia (n = 384 civil servants). Results of both samples confirmed that basic psychological need satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness, competence, and meaningfulness) mediated the relationship between engaging leadership and work engagement. Multigroup analysis revealed that the parameters of the mediation model were invariant across both national samples, supporting the cross‐national validity of the model. When the mediating role of the satisfaction of the need for meaningfulness was tested separately, this appeared only the case in the Russian and not in the Indonesian sample.
Cu‐water and Cu‐kerosene micropolar nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet
Authors: Mohapatra Deepak Kumar , Mishra Satyaranjan , Jena Swarnalata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis manuscript is a mathematical expression for micropolar nanofluid flow phenomena past a stretching permeable sheet. Here, the micropolar nanofluid, which is water and kerosene based, contains Copper nanoparticles. The similarity approach has been adopted to obtain the ordinary differential equations from the respective basic equations. Using an analytical method, that is, the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), the nonlinear coupled ordinary equations are solved. From the computational aspect, it is ensured that results of shooting technique and ADM (present method) yield same results for special cases. Computations are obtained for velocity, microrotation, and temperature profiles for different pertinent parameters along with skin friction and Nusselt number. The major outcomes are: the Cu‐water nanofluid velocity dominates over the Cu‐kerosene nanofluid velocity and temperature and further, thermal radiation is favorable to enhance the fluid temperature.
Estimation in a generalization of bivariate probit models with dummy endogenous regressors
Authors: Han Sukjin , Lee Sungwon 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines for empirical researchers who use a class of bivariate threshold crossing models with dummy endogenous variables. A common practice employed by the researchers is the specification of the joint distribution of unobservables as a bivariate normal distribution, which results in a bivariate probit model. To address the problem of misspecification in this practice, we propose an easy‐to‐implement semiparametric estimation framework with parametric copula and nonparametric marginal distributions. We establish asymptotic theory, including root‐n normality, for the sieve maximum likelihood estimators that can be used to conduct inference on the individual structural parameters and the average treatment effect (ATE). In order to show the practical relevance of the proposed framework, we conduct a sensitivity analysis via extensive Monte Carlo simulation exercises. The results suggest that estimates of the parameters, especially the ATE, are sensitive to parametric specification, while semiparametric estimation exhibits robustness to underlying data‐generating processes. We then provide an empirical illustration where we estimate the effect of health insurance on doctor visits. In this paper, we also show that the absence of excluded instruments may result in identification failure, in contrast to what some practitioners believe.
Retracted: Long noncoding LINC01551 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of microRNA‐122‐5p to regulate ADAM10 expression
Authors: Gao Jun , Yin Xiangbao , Yu Xin , Dai Chao , Zhou Fan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe disease with high mortality in the world. It has been shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) might play a role in HCC. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of long intergenic noncoding RNA 01551 (LINC01551) in the HCC development and explore the underlying mechanism of LINC01551/miR‐122‐5p/ADAM10 axis. The differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with HCC were screened out by a microarray analysis. The expression of LINC01551, miR‐122‐5p, and ADAM10 was determined in HCC tissues and cells. The potential miRNA (miR‐122‐5p) regulated by LINC01551 was explored, and the target relationship between miR‐122‐5p and ADAM10 was confirmed. To evaluate the effect of LINC01551 and miR‐122‐5p on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of HCC, different plasmids were delivered into MHCC97‐H cells. High expression of LINC01551 and ADAM10 yet low‐expression of miR‐122‐5p were revealed in HCC tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR‐122‐5p could downregulate ADAM10. Biological prediction websites and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay verified that LINC01551 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. Silencing LINC01551 reduced HCC cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle entry yet induce cell apoptosis. Upregulation of LINC01551 increased its ability of competitively binding to miR‐122‐5p, thus reducing miR‐122‐5p and upregulating ADAM10 expression, as well as promoting the proliferative, migrative, and invasive ability. Taken together the results, it is highly possible that LINC01551 functions as an competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the miRNA target ADAM10 by sponging miR‐122‐5p and therefore promotes the development of HCC, highlighting a promising competitive new target for the HCC treatment.
Hexokinase2 controls angiogenesis in melanoma by promoting aerobic glycolysis and activating the p38‐MAPK signaling
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Liang Xiaofang , Gao Ying , Fu Guili , Shen Qin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we used endostatin (ES)‐induced apoptosis of endothelial cells to study the role of Hexokinase2 (HK2) in the control of angiogenesis in melanoma. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to explore the effect of HK2, lactate, and ES on the levels of caspase‐9/3, ATP, and p38/MAPK activation. ES increased the levels of caspase‐9/3 while decreasing the level of ATP, whereas ES + HK2 and lactate both restored the normal levels of caspase‐9/3 and ATP. In addition, cells transfected with HK2 short hairpin RNA1 (HK2shRNA1) and HK2shRNA2 showed an evident decrease in the levels of caspase‐9/3 along with an obvious increase in the level of ATP. Knockdown of HK2 also increased O2 consumption while decreasing the extracellular level of lactate and the phosphorylation of p38‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). On the other hand, the lactate treatment elevated the phosphorylation of p38‐MAPK under time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. In the study, we clarified the role of HK2 in the control of apoptosis of ECs, which plays an important role in the angiogenesis of melanoma by promoting aerobic glycolysis and activating the p38‐MAPK signaling.
Copper(II) complexes containing pyridine‐based and phenolate‐based systems: Synthesis, characterization, DFT study, biomimetic catalytic activity of catechol oxidase and phenoxazinone synthase
Authors: Ramadan Abd El‐Motaleb M. , Shaban Shaban Y. , Ibrahim Mohammed M. , El‐Hendawy Morad M. , Eissa Hatem , Al‐Harbi Sami A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA template Schiff condensation of 2,6‐pyridine dicarbaldehyde or 2,6‐diformyl‐4‐ bromophenol and 1,3–diamino‐2‐hydroxy propane or 3,4‐diaminotoluene in the presence of copper(II) salts (CuX2) (X = Cl, Br, CH3COO, or ClO4) affords different types of copper(II) complexes. Depending on the employed molar ratio of the dicarbonyl compounds and diamines, different types of copper(II) complexes formed during the template condensation reaction. Structural formulation of the complexes was confirmed by elemental analysis (C, H, N, and M), physical measurements such as thermal analysis (TAG & DTG), molar conductivity, and magnetic moments in addition to spectral studies (UV–Vis, IR, and ESR). Homobinuclear in a four‐coordinate square planar and five‐coordinate square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal in monomeric structures are proposed. A mononuclear hexa‐coordinate in an octahedral geometry is suggested as well. Oxidase biomimetic catalytic activity of these newly synthesized copper(II) complexes was examined toward the aerobic oxidation of 4‐tert‐butylcatechol (4‐TBCH2) and o‐aminophenol under catalytic conditions. Both catalytic and kinetic investigations demonstrate promising oxidase catalytic activity and based on the kinetic results, probable mechanistic catalytic implications are discussed. Geometrical structures of representative copper(II) complexes were determined by optimizing their bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and the structural index (τ).
Water de/adsorption associated with single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal structural transformation of a series of two‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks, [M(bipy)(C4O4)(H2O)2]·3H2O (M = Mn (1), Fe (2), and Zn (3), and bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine)
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chieh , Ke Szu‐Yu , Hsieh Yi‐Fang , Huang Shih‐Ting , Wang Tzu‐Heng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chuang Yu‐Chun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn assembly of three metal coordination polymers (CPs), [M(bipy)(C4O4)(H2O)2]·3H2O (M = Mn (1), Fe (2), Zn (3), and bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine, C4O42− (squarate) = dianion of H2C4O4 (squaric acid)), was synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural determination reveals that compounds 1–3 are iso‐structural, in which the M(II) ions are six‐coordinate in a distorted octahedral geometry. C4O42− and bipy both act as bridging ligands with bis‐monodentate coordination mode connecting the M(II) ions to form a two‐dimensional (2D) layered metal–organic framework (MOF). Adjacent 2D layers are then arranged in parallel and interpenetrated manners to construct their three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 undergo two‐step dehydration processes with the first and second weight losses of 14.1 and 8.6% for 1, of 12.1 and 7.5% for 2, and of 11.2 and 8.1% for 3, respectively, corresponding to the weight losses of the three guest water molecules and the two coordinated water molecules, and all exhibit reversible sponge‐like water de/adsorption properties during de/rehydration processes for guest water molecules as per cyclic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) structural transformation during the reversible de/rehydration processes of three guest water molecules was identified and monitored using exhaustive single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction measurements.
Solvent effects on the geometry, electronic structure, and bonding style of Zn(N5)2: A theoretical study
Authors: Ding Zhiyuan , Gao Pin , Lu Ming , Wang Guixiang , Gong Xuedong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐rich compounds involving the cyclo‐pentazole anion (cyclo‐N5−) have attracted extensive attention due to higher energy release and environmental friendliness than traditional high energy density materials (HEDMs). However, the synthesis of stable HEDMs with cyclo‐N5− is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of nine solvents on the geometrical and electronic structures and solvation energies of Zn(N5)2, one of the recently synthesized nitrogen‐rich compounds, was studied using the density functional theory and the polarized continuum model. The results indicated an increase in the stability of Zn(N5)2 in the solution phase compared to the vacuum phase, and the stability of Zn(N5)2 increases with increasing dielectric constants. The energy gap of frontier molecular orbitals and the absolute value of total energy in water are the largest, revealing that Zn(N5)2 is more stable in water than in other solvents. To understand the stabilization mechanism of Zn(N5)2 by water, further studies were performed with the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis using the explicit solvent model. The charge transfer and the hydrogen bonds are observed between Zn(N5)2 and water, which are beneficial to improvement of the stability of Zn(N5)2. This may indicate the solvents that have strong interactions with the cyclo‐N5− candidate may improve the possibility of success of synthesis.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and photophysical studies of hexanuclear gold(I) chalcogenido complexes
Authors: Chu Anlea , Hau Franky Ka‐Wah , Yao Liao‐Yuan , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA hexanuclear gold(I) selenido cluster and its sulfido counterpart, [Au6{μ‐Ph2PN(CH2‐o‐Py)PPh2}3(μ3‐E)2](ClO4)2 (E = S, Se), with bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)amine ligands were synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray crystal structure of the selenido cluster was determined, with the gold core possessing a distorted heterocubane structure. Intramolecular aurophilic interactions with short Au(I)⋯Au(I) contacts of around 3.09–3.13 Å were observed. The complexes were found to emit strongly in the solid state with orange to red emission colors. Their electronic absorption and emission properties were also investigated.
Hippuric acid and 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid inhibit murine osteoclastogenesis through RANKL‐RANK independent pathway
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Lazarenko Oxana P. , Chen Jin‐Ran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNutritional factors influence bone development. Previous studies demonstrated that bone mass significantly increased with suppressed bone resorption in early life of rats fed with AIN‐93G semi‐purified diets supplemented with 10% whole blueberry (BB) powder for 2 weeks. However, the effects of increased phenolic acids in animal serum due to this diet on bone and bone resorption were unclear. This in vitro and in ex vivo study examined the effects of phenolic hippuric acid (HA) and 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3‐3‐PPA) on osteoclastic cell differentiation and bone resorption. We cultured murine osteoclast (macrophage) cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, and hematopoietic osteoclast progenitor cells (isolated from 4‐week‐old C57BL6/J mice) with 50 ng/ml of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐Β ligand (RANKL). Morphologic studies showed decreased osteoclast number with treatment of 2.5% mouse serum from BB diet–fed animals compared with those treated with serum from standard casein diet–fed mice in both RAW 264.7 cell and primary cell cultures. HA and 3‐3‐PPA, but not 3–4‐PPA, had dose‐dependent suppressive effects on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorptive activity in Corning osteo‐assay plates. Signaling pathway analysis showed that after pretreatment with HA or 3‐3‐PPA, RANKL‐stimulated increase of osteoclastogenic markers, such as nuclear factor of activated T‐cells, cytoplasmic 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 gene/protein expression were blunted. Inhibitory effects of HA and 3‐3‐PPA on osteoclastogenesis utilized RANKL/RANK independent mediators. The study revealed that HA and 3‐3‐PPA significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone osteoclastic resorptive activity.