bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a new score for predicting functional outcome of neurocritically ill patients: The INCNS score
Authors: Gao Qiong , Yuan Fang , Yang Xi‐Ai , Zhu Ji‐Wen , Song Lu , Bi Li‐Jie , Jiao Ze‐Yu , Kang Xiao‐Gang , Yang Fang , Jiang Wen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAimsTo develop and validate a novel score for prediction of 3‐month functional outcome in neurocritically ill patients.MethodsThe development of the novel score was based on two widely used scores for general critical illnesses (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, APACHE II; Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SAPS II) and consideration of the characteristics of neurocritical illness. Data from consecutive patients admitted to neurological ICU (N‐ICU) between January 2013 and June 2016 were used for the validation. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate 3‐month functional outcomes. APACHE II scores, SAPS II scores, and our novel scores at 24 hours and 72 hours in N‐ICU were obtained. We compared the prognostic performance of our score with APACHE II and SAPS II.ResultsWe developed a 44‐point scoring system named the INCNS score, and it includes 19 items which were categorized into five parts: inflammation (I), nutrition (N), consciousness (C), neurological function (N), and systemic function (S). We validated the INCNS score with a cohort of 941 N‐ICU patients. The 72‐hours INCNS score achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.828 (95% CI: 0.802‐0.854), and the 24‐hours INCNS score achieved an AUC of 0.788 (95% CI: 0.759‐0.817). The INCNS score exhibited significantly better discriminative and prognostic performance than APACHE II and SAPS II at both 24 hours and 72 hours in N‐ICU.ConclusionWe developed an INCNS score with superior predictive power for functional outcome of neurocritically ill patients.
Fluorine‐contained hydroxyapatite suppresses bone resorption through inhibiting osteoclasts differentiation and function in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Shibo , Zhou Hao , Liu Hanghang , Ji Huanzhong , Fei Wei , Luo En 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesFluorine, an organic trace element, has been shown to unfavourably effect osteoclasts function at a low dose. Use of hydroxyapatite (HA) has been effective in exploring its roles in promoting bone repair. In this study, we used HA modified with fluorine to investigate whether it could influence osteoclastic activity in vitro and ovariectomy‐induced osteoclasts hyperfunction in vivo.Materials and methodsFluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) was obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Osteoclasts proliferation and apoptosis treated with FHA were assessed by MTT and TUNEL assay. SEM, F‐actin, TRAP activity and bone resorption experiment were performed to determine the influence of FHA on osteoclasts differentiation and function. Moreover, HA and FHA were implanted into ovariectomized osteoporotic and sham surgery rats. Histology and Micro‐CT were examined for further verification.ResultsFluorine released from FHA slowly and sustainably. FHA hampered osteoclasts proliferation, promoted osteoclasts apoptosis, suppressed osteoclasts differentiation and function. Experiments in vivo validated that FHA participation brought about an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts hyperfunction and less bone absorption.ConclusionThe results indicated that FHA served as an efficient regulator to attenuate osteoclasts formation and function and was proposed as a candidature for bone tissue engineering applications.
Eligibility of patients with type 2 diabetes for sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials: An assessment using the Diabetes Collaborative Registry
Authors: Wittbrodt Eric , Chamberlain David , Arnold Suzanne V. , Tang Fengming , Kosiborod Mikhail 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeneralizability of findings from cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) to patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinical practice is unknown. We assessed the proportions of patients in the Diabetes Collaborative Registry who would have met enrolment criteria for pivotal CVOTs of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is): EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE and VERTIS CV. In 172 643 patients, mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and HbA1c were 68.1 (11.8) years and 7.8% (2.2), respectively; 56.8% of patients were men and SGLT‐2i use was 4.4%. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevalence was 64.3% and mean 10‐year ASCVD risk was 28.6% in patients without ASCVD. Proportions of patients eligible for CVOTs ranged from 26% (EMPA‐REG OUTCOME) to 44% (DECLARE); 48% of patients were ineligible for all CVOTs. Mean (SD) ASCVD risk was 25.4% (22.6), 32.1% (20.6) and 37.7% (19.4) in patients eligible for no, one or two CVOTs, respectively. SGLT‐2i use was low in patients eligible for no CVOTs (3.5%) and at least one CVOT (5.2%). In conclusion, applicability of CVOT results to patients with T2D in clinical practice varies based on trial eligibility criteria.
Type 2 diabetes and the kidney: Insights from cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Giugliano Dario , De Nicola Luca , Maiorino Maria Ida , Bellastella Giuseppe , Esposito Katherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) still remains a progressive condition that is associated with higher risk of end‐stage kidney disease and significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Twelve cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been published to date. Most trials with dipeptidyl‐peptidase inhibitors (SAVOR‐TIMI 53 with saxagliptin, EXAMINE with alogliptin, TECOS with sitagliptin, and CARMELINA with linagliptin) and with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) (ELIXA with lixisenatide, LEADER with liraglutide, SUSTAIN‐6 with semaglutide, EXCSEL with exenatide once‐weekly, and HARMONY with albiglutide) pointed towards reduced albuminuria, which is a surrogate endpoint possibly heralding renal function preservation. The three trials with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) (empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin) also showed a salutary effect on long‐term estimated glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that SGLT‐2is are more effective at mitigating loss of kidney function than incretin‐based therapies; moreover, SGLT‐2is also have the advantage of plausible haemodynamic mechanisms for improved renal outcomes. Despite some residual limitations linked to differences in study populations and patient characteristics, the cardiorenal protective actions of SGLT‐2is, and to a lesser extent some GLP‐1RAs, make them favourable medications for patients with T2D at increased cardiorenal risk. There is room for optimism that their use may change the paradigm of the ineluctable progression of DKD.
The application of appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography in a cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Salik Jonathan R. , Sen Sounok , Picard Michael H. , Weiner Rory B. , Dudzinski David M. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAppropriate use criteria (AUC) represent an important mechanism by which to promote the rational utilization of healthcare resources. No study to date has been conducted assessing the applicability of current AUC to transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs) performed in a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). We analyzed 2 years of consecutive TTEs performed in a CICU at a quaternary‐care academic medical center, hypothesizing that current AUC may not adequately describe the role of TTE in a modern CICU.MethodsIndications for TTEs were independently classified by two investigators in accordance with 2011 AUC. If investigators were unable to assign an AUC classification to a given study, it was deemed to be unclassifiable. Disagreements between investigators were resolved by consensus. Cases in which consensus could not be reached underwent definitive adjudication by a third investigator.ResultsOf the 826 TTEs, 619 TTEs were classified as appropriate (74.9%, CI 71.8%–77.9%), 12 as uncertain (1.5%, CI 0.75%–2.5%), 21 as rarely appropriate (2.5%, CI 1.6%–3.9%), and 174 were unable to be classified (21.1%, CI 18.3%–24.0%). The most common unclassifiable indication was “initial evaluation of cardiac structure or function after cardiac arrest of unknown etiology” (n = 101).ConclusionCurrent AUC for TTEs may not adequately address the complexity of clinical cases encountered in the CICU. In our study of 826 consecutive TTEs, 21.1% were unable to be classified, reflecting the difficulty in applying AUC to this unique clinical environment. Further studies are therefore needed to better delineate the appropriateness of TTEs performed in the CICU.
The relation of left ventricular geometry to left ventricular outflow tract shape and stroke volume index calculations
Authors: Lavine Steven J. , Obeng George B. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundStroke volume (SV) and aortic valve area calculations require the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) or aortic annular area calculations that involve squaring the respective diameters. Area calculation errors became evident with transcatheter aortic valve replacement where areas were underestimated due to an elliptical annulus. We hypothesized that LVOT and annular shape are more elliptical in patients with greater relative LV wall thickness (RWT) leading to underestimation of SV index using 2D Doppler echocardiography.MethodsWe studied 203 consecutive patients referred to an outpatient noninvasive laboratory for Doppler echocardiograms which included acceptable 3‐dimensional images. 3‐dimensional assessment of the LVOT at 3–5 mm from the valve insertion, at the site of valve insertion, and at the sinus of Valsalva (SOV) was performed with assessment of the minor axis (MN), major axis (MJ), and areas at mid‐systole. SV index was calculated from LVOT and annular diameters obtained from 2‐dimensional echo and from 3‐dimensional LVOT areas.ResultsAn inverse relation of RWT with MN/MJ at mid‐systole for the LVOT (r = 0.5812, P < 0.0001) and annulus (r = 0.6865, P < 0.0001) was noted. LVOT and annulus areas were similar among groups at mid‐systole. SV index calculated from 2D LVOT dimensions was significantly smaller than using 3D LVOT areas (35.6 ± 8.9 vs 53.6 ± 16.1 mL, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThere is an inverse relation between MN/MJ and RWT at the LVOT and aortic annulus despite the LVOT and annular areas being similar across most geometries resulting in SV index underestimation calculated using LVOT diameters vs 3D LVOT areas.
New Fathers’ Perceptions of Dyadic Adjustment: The Roles of Maternal Gatekeeping and Coparenting Closeness
Authors: Olsavsky Anna L. , Yan Jia , Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. , Kamp Dush Claire M. 
Published: April 2019

Although the association between maternal gatekeeping and relationship functioning has been explored by a few studies, none of these have focused on fathers’ perceptions of these constructs. Given that today's new fathers are challenged by elevated expectations for active parenting and coparenting even as most new mothers remain primary caregivers of infant children, this is a critical omission. This study examined the associations between new fathers’ perceptions of maternal gatekeeping and change in dyadic adjustment as mediated through coparenting closeness. Maternal gatekeeping was reported by 182 fathers at 3 months postpartum, coparenting closeness was reported at 3 and 6 months postpartum, and dyadic adjustment was reported during the third trimester of pregnancy and at 9 months postpartum. Fathers’ perceptions of relative change in coparenting closeness from 3 to 6 months mediated associations between fathers’ perceptions of maternal gatekeeping at 3 months and relative change in dyadic adjustment from the third trimester to 9 months postpartum. In particular, findings indicate that greater perceived maternal gate opening was associated with higher levels of dyadic adjustment through higher levels of coparenting closeness, whereas greater perceived maternal gate closing was associated with lower levels of dyadic adjustment through lower levels of coparenting closeness. This study highlights the importance of studying fathers in the context of the family system and the role of the coparenting relationship at the transition to parenthood in couple relationship functioning.
The association between pharmacy refill-adherence metrics and healthcare utilisation: a prospective cohort study of older hypertensive adults
Authors: Dillon Paul , Smith Susan M , Gallagher Paul , Cousins Gráinne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Methods that enable targeting and tailoring of adherence interventions may facilitate implementation in clinical settings. We aimed to determine whether community pharmacy refill-adherence metrics are useful to identify patients at higher risk of healthcare utilisation due to low antihypertensive adherence, who may benefit from an adherence intervention.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study, recruiting participants (n = 905) from 106 community pharmacies across the Republic of Ireland. Participants completed a structured interview at baseline and 12 months. Antihypertensive medication adherence was evaluated from linked pharmacy records using group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) and proportion of days covered (PDC). Healthcare utilisation included self-reported number of hospital visits (emergency department visits and inpatient admissions) and general practitioner (GP) visits, over a 6-month period. Separate regression models were used to estimate the association between adherence and number of hospital/GP visits. The relative statistical fit of each model using different adherence metrics was determined using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC).

Results
For the number of hospital visits, significant associations were observed only for PDC but not for GBTM. Each 10% increase in refill-adherence by PDC was significantly associated with a 16% lower rate of hospital visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.98, P = 0.036). Poorer adherence using both measures was associated with higher GP visits. Improvements in BIC favoured models using PDC.

Conclusions
Medication refill-adherence, measured using PDC in community pharmacy settings, could be used to recognise poor antihypertensive adherence to enable effective targeting of clinical interventions to improve hypertension management and outcomes.
The Ambiguity of Return Migration: Prolonged Crisis and Uncertainty in the Life Strategies of Young Romanian and Latvian Returnees
Authors: Apsite‐Berina Elina , Manea Mădălina‐Elena , Berzins Maris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrawing on qualitative research, this study endeavours to identify the determinants of return migration of young Romanians and Latvians in light of the most recent global economic crisis (GEC). The decision‐making patterns of young returnees are examined by three main research questions. How do macro‐events, such as theGEC, interfere with individual biographies creating specific return experiences? What can we say about the “crisis returnees”, their migration motivations and re‐adaptation in the origin country? What are the main challenges of young adults facing life strategies in such uncertain periods? Data are drawn from 51 in‐depth interviews with Romanian and Latvian young adults, carried out in late 2015 and early 2016. Findings show that return migration is associated with economic conditions, family life, feelings of homesickness, and re‐adaptation experiences. Our results also confirm that youth transitions and migration have become more diversified and complex in the context of the economic crisis.
Disclosure and Exchange of Inside Information*
Authors: Cao Rui , Zhang Yongli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates how cooperation of stock analysts can affect voluntary disclosures of corporate inside information. Previous studies show that corporate insiders have incentives to disclose the information commonly shared by stock analysts, taking stock analysts’ actions as given. We focus on the strategic interactions between corporate insiders and stock analysts, and between stock analysts themselves. We show that voluntary disclosures may occur only when stock analysts intend to share their specialized information. In some sense managers are “forced” to disclose information because if they do not, stock analysts’ information sharing would put them at a disadvantage. Our results highlight the role of information exchange between stock analysts in stimulating voluntary disclosures, and provide an alternative explanation of managers’ motives for voluntary disclosures.
Ocean frontiers: epistemologies, jurisdictions, commodifications
Authors: Havice Elizabeth , Zalik Anna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dynamic and unfolding relationship between the oceans and humans underwrites a general narrative of oceans in ‘crisis’ and the need for new governance and regulatory frameworks to attend to it. As concerns surrounding marine space have proliferated, sovereignty, territory and property in the oceans remain imprecise and subject to controversy, presenting challenges (and opportunities) for oceans governance. This special issue employs the concept of ocean frontiers as a pivot into these concerns because of the eroding, but still frequent, portrayal of the oceans as a planetary space separate from humans and because the concept offers entry points for navigating the unfolding dimensions of ocean conservation and exploitation. Deducing from the eight contributions from the special issue, we develop four inter‐related arguments. First, while ocean frontiers pre‐exist the epistemological, jurisdictional and commodification categories that we conceptualize in this editorial introduction, we find that these categories, which may be understood as intersecting inocean regimes, play central roles in closing the spatial and socially‐constituted ocean frontier, bringing it closer to human purview. Second, the materiality of oceans – their mobile and volumetric elements ‐ influences all of these emerging and intersecting oceanic processes. Third, contributing authors have developed innovative methodological approaches to the study of the oceans, revealing oceans not as ‘siteless’, but multi‐sited, and demonstrating that the social sciences are well suited methodologically to bring unfolding ocean processes into view. Last but not least, drawing from the insights set out by the contributors, we argue for ongoing interdisciplinary social (and natural) science research on the oceans as they and human‐ocean relations unfold in a period of dramatic change.
Does trust in financial institutions drive formal saving? Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Baidoo Samuel Tawiah , Akoto Linda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolicies aimed at enhancing domestic savings mobilisation to facilitate economic growth have been implemented in both developed and developing countries; yet the level of savings remains low, especially in most of the developing world, due to the predominant use of informal savings methods. Several individuals’ characteristics have been identified as factors that influence individuals’ decision to use formal ways of saving with virtually no emphasis on the role of trust, which is envisaged as essential in making economic decisions. This paper investigates the effect of trust on individuals’ decision to save at financial institutions. We use primary data and employ binary probit regression for our analysis. The results show among others that boosting individuals’ trust is key to formal ways of saving. Based on the findings, we provide vital policy implications that seek to restore individuals’ trust in financial institutions.
Stochastic optimization models with substitution as a result of price differences and stockouts
Authors: Kim Sang‐Won , Bell Peter C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany firms produce a variety of products that are subject to demand uncertainty and are substitutable by customers where the potential for product substitution affects the firm's pricing and production decisions. Two common reasons for product substitution are stockouts (or inventory‐driven substitution), when a customer will substitute a product that is out of stock with a similar product, and price‐driven substitution where customers respond to price differences by substituting a lower priced product for a similar but higher priced product. In this paper, we include the potential for demand to move from one product or market segment to another into the demand model of the firm and present a series of single‐period stochastic models for finding optimal solutions for production quantity and product prices separately, as well as investigating the joint pricing and production decision model. We derive the optimal solution with and without a total production capacity limit and consider both inventory‐driven and price‐driven substitutions. We investigate how the firm should modify pricing and production decisions to take into account both price‐driven and inventory‐driven substitution and examine changes in the optimal prices and supply quantities with and without an aggregate supply limit. Our results demonstrate that both forms of substitution provide a revenue or profit opportunity if the firm is able to recognize the potential for substitution and respond in advance using an optimal pricing and/or ordering strategy. The contribution of this research is to present theoretical results that demonstrate the value of more complex demand models that include the possibility of stockouts and customer “leakage” from higher priced market segments to lower priced segments. Insights derived from these models lead to modified pricing and ordering strategies that will increase firm revenues and/or profitability.
Reversible luminescence modulation and temperature‐sensing properties of Pr3+/Yb3+ codoped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics
Authors: Zhang Quan , Luo Laihui , Zhu Zelin , Du Peng , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have prepared a novel (K0.5Na0.5)0.99‐xPrxYb0.01NbO3 (abbreviated as KNN:xPr3+/0.01Yb3+, x = 0.0006, 0.0008, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.004) ceramics, which possess visible UC emissions, photochromic (PC) and optical thermometric properties. Under the excitation of a 980‐nm diode laser, all the samples show the featured emissions of Pr3+ ions and the UC emission intensity is greatly dependent on the Pr3+ doping content. The optimal UC luminescence intensity is obtained at x = 0.001. All the prepared samples show a strong PC reaction, and a large luminescence quenching degree (ΔRt) of 74.94% is found. The optical thermometric properties of both the irradiated and unirradiated KNN:0.001Pr3+/0.01Yb3+ ceramics in the temperature range of 123‐573 K have been investigated via measuring the temperature‐dependent UC emission spectra of green emissions, which originate from the two 3P1 and 3P0 thermally coupled levels. It has been found that the prepared samples have both excellent PC behaviors and temperature‐sensing performances. These results suggest that the KNN:xPr3+/0.01Yb3+ ceramics are promising candidates for the applications in PC reaction and thermometers.
Commentary: “Autism: a disorder linked with some trouble in intermodal matching? Putting things together a bit further”: a commentary on Falck‐Ytter et al. (2018)
Authors: Guédeney Antoine 
Published: April 2019

Falck‐Ytter et al. () (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 59: 872–880) designed an elegant study with 10‐month‐old siblings of children with autism using an eye‐tracking task.