bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does National Flood Insurance Program Participation Induce Housing Development?
Authors: Browne Mark J. , Dehring Carolyn A. , Eckles David L. , Lastrapes William D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe estimate the effects on county‐wide housing development in Florida of community‐level participation in the National Flood Insurance Program using panel data methods and observed variation in the timing of the decision to join the program. We find that program participation “increased” housing starts and permits in noncoastal counties, while coastal counties with average flood zone acreage saw significant “declines” in housing activity. We conjecture that loss‐mitigating regulatory costs, an obligation of obtaining insurance, might explain these findings.
Incidence and risk factors for urinary retention in critically ill patients
Authors: Schettini Daniel A , Freitas Flávio GR , Tomotani Daniere YV , Alves Jane CD , Bafi Antonio T , Machado Flávia R 
Published: February 2018

Background: The removal of an indwelling urinary catheter is indicated as soon as possible to prevent complications. However, acute urinary retention is little studied among intensive care patients.Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for acute urinary retention after the removal of an indwelling urinary catheter in critically ill patients.Design: This single‐centre prospective study included adult critically ill adult surgical and medical patients.Methods: All patients had an indwelling catheter for more than 48 h and indication of its removal by the attending physician. Acute urinary retention was defined as a bladder volume greater than 400 mL determined by ultrasound or intermittent urinary catheterization. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyse the possible risk factors for acute urinary retention.Results: We included 85 patients from July 2014 to May 2015, most of them surgical (71·8%). Acute urinary retention occurred in 26 patients (30·6%). The use of hypnotics (midazolam or propofol given as continuous infusion) [OR 14·87 (95% CI 1·32–167·79); p = 0·029], indwelling catheterization for more than 7 days [OR 9·87 (95% CI 2·97–32·85); p < 0·001] and bed restraint [OR 9·43 (95% CI 1·07 to 83·33); p = 0·043] were all independent risk factors for acute urinary retention.Conclusion: The incidence of acute urinary retention is high, and the main risk factors for its occurrence are prolonged use of urinary indwelling catheter, bed confinement and the use of hypnotics.Relevance to Clinical Practice: Patients with risk factors should be kept under surveillance after the removal of indwelling urinary catheter for early identification of acute urinary retention and thus prevention of related complications.
From Performance Budgeting to Performance Budget Management: Theory and Practice
Authors: Ho Alfred Tat‐Kei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article examines the decades‐long practices of performance budgeting in different countries and their associated challenges from a multilayered institutional framework. Based on theory and lessons learned, the article recommends an array of strategies to address institutional and organizational barriers. It also proposes to reconceptualize performance budgeting as a performance budget management system and suggests how multiyear budget planning, financial risk assessment, policy planning, the departmental budget cycle, the program budget cycle, stakeholder engagement, regular spending reviews, and performance audits should be integrated more closely to address the long‐term fiscal challenges faced by many governments and to respond to the public pressure on agencies to do more with less.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Ideation Among Bipolar Patients: Existential But Not Religious Well‐Being as a Protective Factor
Authors: Lamis Dorian A. , Kapoor Shweta , Evans Amanda P. B. 
Published: February 2018

Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) are at an increased risk of Suicidal ideation, attempts, and death. Moreover, a strong association exists between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and suicidal ideation among individuals with BD. Yet growing evidence suggests that existential well‐being (EWB) may be a protective factor against suicidality. In this study, adult BD patients (N = 112) provided data on CSA, religious well‐being (RWB; spiritual life in relation to God), EWB (purpose/meaning in life), and suicidal ideation. Participants were between 19 and 65 years of age. The majority was female and described their race/ethnicity as African American. Results indicated that CSA was negatively associated with EWB and was not related to RWB. Further, EWB mediated the association between CSA and suicidal ideation, whereas RWB did not. Having meaning/purpose in life may serve as a protective factor against suicidal ideation among individuals with BD who experienced CSA, whereas having a relationship/belief in God may not serve the same function.
Socio‐economic gradients in prevalent tuberculosis in Zambia and the Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Yates Tom A. , Ayles Helen , Leacy Finbarr P. , Schaap A. , Boccia Delia , Beyers Nulda , Godfrey‐Faussett Peter , Floyd Sian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the associations between socio‐economic position and prevalent tuberculosis in the 2010 ZAMSTAR Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey, one of the first large tuberculosis prevalence surveys in Southern Africa in the HIV era.MethodsThe main analyses used data on 34 446 individuals in Zambia and 30 017 individuals in South Africa with evaluable tuberculosis culture results. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for prevalent TB by two measures of socio‐economic position: household wealth, derived from data on assets using principal components analysis, and individual educational attainment. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate potential mechanisms for the observed social gradients.ResultsThe quartile with highest household wealth index in Zambia and South Africa had, respectively, 0.55 (95% CI 0.33–0.92) times and 0.70 (95% CI 0.54–0.93) times the adjusted odds of prevalent TB of the bottom quartile. College or university‐educated individuals in Zambia and South Africa had, respectively, 0.25 (95% CI 0.12–0.54) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.70) times the adjusted odds of prevalent TB of individuals who had received only primary education. We found little evidence that these associations were mediated via several key proximal risk factors for TB, including HIV status.ConclusionThese data suggest that social determinants of TB remain important even in the context of generalised HIV epidemics.
Characterizing Lyme Disease Surveillance in an Endemic State
Authors: Rutz H. J. , Wee SB. , Feldman K. A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryLyme disease (LD) is the most common vector‐borne disease in Maryland and the United States. Surveillance for LD is valuable for understanding the burden of the disease, particularly to assess whether the disease is spreading and to appreciate who is affected. However, not all cases of LD in Maryland are reported, and surveillance practices vary across each of Maryland's 24 local health departments (LHDs). To better understand this variability and to systematically characterize the surveillance process, we surveyed Maryland's LHDs regarding LD surveillance. The Maryland Local Health Department Lyme Disease Surveillance Survey has been administered annually since 2011. Questions asked each year included whether all LD reports are investigated or only a subset, and how many reports are not entered into the surveillance database. Since 2011, Maryland has lost surveillance personnel for LD. Each year from 2009 to 2012, a median 3598 (range 2462 to 5722) reports were not entered into the surveillance database and hence not investigated. These reports represent 43–55% of all reports received for the year. Over time, more LHDs chose to streamline their LD investigation approach by investigating only those reports that met the criteria for laboratory evidence of infection: in 2008, 5 (21%) LHDs investigated only a subset of LD reports; by 2013, this increased to 15 (63%). There is wide variability across LHDs in how LD investigations are conducted. Maryland LHDs have experienced a loss of LD surveillance personnel with a concomitant increase in the number of LHDs adopting a streamlined approach to investigating cases. These findings underscore the tremendous burden of LD on the public health agencies and highlight the need for alternative approaches that can both reduce burden and preserve surveillance data quality.
Phenotype diffusion and one health: A proposed framework for investigating the plurality of obesity epidemics across many species
Authors: Voss J. D. , Goodson M. S. , Leon J. C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe propose the idea of “phenotype diffusion,” which is a rapid convergence of an observed trait in some human and animal populations. The words phenotype and diffusion both imply observations independent of mechanism as phenotypes are observed traits with multiple possible genetic mechanisms and diffusion is an observed state of being widely distributed. Recognizing shared changes in phenotype in multiple species does not by itself reveal a particular mechanism such as a shared exposure, shared adaptive need, particular stochastic process or a transmission pathway. Instead, identifying phenotype diffusion suggests the mechanism should be explored to help illuminate the ways human and animal health are connected and new opportunities for optimizing these links. Using the plurality of obesity epidemics across multiple species as a prototype for shared changes in phenotype, the goal of this review was to explore eco‐evolutionary theories that could inform further investigation. First, evolutionary changes described by hologenome evolution, pawnobe evolution, transposable element (TE) thrust and the drifty gene hypothesis will be discussed within the context of the selection asymmetries among human and animal populations. Secondly, the ecology of common source exposures (bovine milk, xenohormesis and “obesogens”), niche evolution and the hygiene hypothesis will be summarized. Finally, we synthesize these considerations. For example, many agricultural breeds have been aggressively selected for weight gain, microbiota (e.g., adenovirus 36, toxoplasmosis) associated with (or infecting) these breeds cause experimental weight gain in other animals, and these same microbes are associated with human obesity. We propose applications of phenotype diffusion could include zoonotic biosurveillance, biocontainment, antibiotic stewardship and environmental priorities. The One Health field is focused on the connections between the health of humans, animals and the environment, and so identification of phenotype diffusion is highly relevant for practitioners (public health officials, physicians and veterinarians) in this field.
Rabies risk and use of post‐exposure prophylaxis associated with dog bites in Tennessee
Authors: Henderson H. , Carpenter L. R. , Dunn J. R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe canine variant of the rabies virus has been eliminated in the United States. Among the public and many healthcare providers, however, dog bites are still associated with risk for rabies transmission. This study examined the risk of rabies in biting dogs and the use of rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (rPEP) for dog bite victims in Tennessee. The study included a retrospective analysis of laboratory testing requisitions for dogs from 2002 to 2016, collection of clinical data on confirmed rabies‐positive dogs from 2008 to 2016 and analysis of hospital discharge data forrPEPfrom 2007 to 2014. Among dogs submitted for rabies testing, those having a recent history of biting were significantly less likely to test positive for rabies than dogs with no reported bite (OR = 0.01; 95%CI[0.003–0.04]). The most common clinical signs reported among rabies‐positive dogs were anorexia, dysphagia, ataxia, limb paresis or paralysis, and lethargy; aggressiveness was uncommon. Among hospital patients with an animal‐related injury who receivedrPEP, more than half (52%) presented with dog bites. These data show that laboratory submissions for rabies testing and prescriptions forrPEPdo not reflect the epidemiology of rabies in Tennessee. Education and outreach targeting the public and healthcare providers should emphasize the animal species and situations associated with a greater risk for rabies transmission, such as bites from rabies reservoir species or animals exhibiting signs of neurologic disease.
RELIGIOUS RITES AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES: AYUDHA PUJA AS “CULTURE” AT THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Authors: Thomas Renny , Geraci Robert M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAyudha Puja, a South Indian festival translated as “worship of the machines,” is a dramatic example of how religion and science intertwine in political life. Across South India, but especially in the state of Karnataka, scientists and engineers celebrate the festival in offices, laboratories, and workshops by attending a puja led by a priest. Although the festival is noteworthy in many ways, one of its most immediate valences is political. In this article, we argue that Ayudha Puja normalizes Brahminical Hinduism within scientific culture through the inclusion of non‐Hindus and through scientists' description of the festival as “cultural” rather than “religious.”
EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS CAPACITY IN THE GENUS HOMO: ORIGINS AND BUILDING BLOCKS
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe large, ancient ape population of the Miocene reached across Eurasia and down into Africa. From this genetically diverse group, the chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and humans evolved from populations of successively reduced size. Using the findings of genomics, population genetics, cognitive science, neuroscience, and archaeology, the authors construct a theoretical framework of evolutionary innovations without which religious capacity could not have emerged as it did. They begin with primate sociality and strength from a basic ape model, and then explore how the human line came to be the most adaptive and flexible of all, while coming from populations with reduced genetic variability. Their analysis then delves into the importance of neurological plasticity and a lengthening developmental trajectory, and points to their following article and the last building block: the expansion of the parietal areas, which allowed visuospatial reckoning, and imagined spaces and beings essential to human theologies. Approximate times for the major cognitive building blocks of religious capacity are given.
“THE NEW SCIENCE OF HEALTH AND HAPPINESS”: INVESTIGATING BUDDHIST ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MEDITATION
Authors: Wilson Jeff 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClinical and neuroscientific studies of Buddhist meditation practices are frequent topics in the news media, and have helped certain practices (such as mindfulness) achieve mainstream cultural status. Buddhists have reacted by using these studies in a number of ways. Some deploy the studies to show the compatibility of science and Buddhism, often using the authority of science to lend credence to Buddhism. Other Buddhists use meditation studies to demonstrate the superiority of Buddhism over science. Within inter‐Buddhist debates, meditation studies are used to argue for changes in practice or belief, but also sometimes to reinforce certain traditional practices. Benjamin Zeller's threefold categorization of religious groups’ attitudes toward science (guide, replace, absorb) and José Ignacio Cabezón's three ideal types of relationships between Buddhism and science (conflict/ambivalence, compatibility/identity, complementarity) contribute to analysis of Buddhist uses of scientific studies of meditation.
AN ABSOLUTE DISTINCTION BETWEEN FAITH AND SCIENCE: CONTRAST WITHOUT COMPARTMENTALIZATION
Authors: Kroesbergen Hermen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article argues for acknowledging the existence of an absolute distinction between faith and science. It is often assumed in the science and religion debate that such a distinction would be ahistorical and uncontextual. After discussing this critique, the analogy with love and facts will be used to explain how an absolute distinction between faith and science may exist nonetheless. This contrast, however, does not imply compartmentalization. It is shown that the absolute distinction between faith and science is of crucial importance to understand the historical contexts that so many contributors to the science and religion debate refer to in their argument against the approaches of Independence or Contrast. The article concludes that within our messy and complex practices there is an absolute distinction between faith and science—our historical contexts cannot be understood without it.
Differences in the Postprandial Release of Appetite-Related Hormones Between Active and Inactive Men
Authors: Bøhler Linn , Coutinho Sílvia Ribeiro , Rehfeld Jens F. , Morgan Linda , Martins Catia 
Published: February 2018

Active, as opposed to inactive, individuals are able to adjust their energy intake after preloads of different energy contents. The mechanisms responsible for this remain unknown. This study examined differences in plasma concentration of appetite-related hormones in response to breakfasts of different energy contents, between active and inactive men. Sixteen healthy nonobese (body mass index = 18.5–27 kg/m2) adult males (nine active and seven inactive) participated in this study. Participants were given a high-energy (570 kcal) or a low-energy (205 kcal) breakfast in a random order. Subjective feelings of appetite and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1, total peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin, and insulin were measured in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 hr, in response to both breakfasts. Mixed analysis of variance (fat mass [in percentage] as a covariate) revealed a higher concentration of active ghrelin and lower concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1, and cholecystokinin after the low-energy breakfast (p < .001 for all). Postprandial concentration of PYY was greater after the high energy compared with the low energy, but for inactive participants only (p = .014). Active participants had lower postprandial concentrations of insulin than inactive participants (p < .001). Differences in postprandial insulin between breakfasts were significantly lower in active compared with inactive participants (p < .001). Physical activity seems to modulate the postprandial plasma concentration of insulin and PYY after the intake of breakfasts of different energy contents, and that may contribute, at least partially, to the differences in short-term appetite control between active and inactive individuals.
Impact of Energy Availability, Health, and Sex on Hemoglobin-Mass Responses Following Live-High–Train-High Altitude Training in Elite Female and Male Distance Athletes
Authors: Heikura Ida A. , Burke Louise M. , Bergland Dan , Uusitalo Arja L.T. , Mero Antti A. , Stellingwerff Trent 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The authors investigated the effects of sex, energy availability (EA), and health status on the change in hemoglobin mass (ΔHbmass) in elite endurance athletes over ∼3–4 wk of live-high–train-high altitude training in Flagstaff, AZ (2135 m; n = 27 women; n = 21 men; 27% 2016 Olympians). Methods: Precamp and postcamp Hbmass (optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method) and iron status were measured, EA was estimated via food and training logs, and a Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAFQ) and a general injury/illness questionnaire were completed. Hypoxic exposure (h) was calculated with low (<500 h), moderate (500–600 h), and high (>600 h) groupings. Results: Absolute and relative percentage ΔHbmass was significantly greater in women (6.2% [4.0%], P < .001) than men (3.2% [3.3%], P = .008). %ΔHbmass showed a dose–response with hypoxic exposure (3.1% [3.8%] vs 4.9% [3.8%] vs 6.8% [3.7%], P = .013). Hbmasspre was significantly higher in eumenorrheic vs amenorrheic women (12.2 [1.0] vs 11.3 [0.5] g/kg, P = .004). Although statistically underpowered, %ΔHbmass was significantly less in sick (n = 4, −0.5% [0.4%]) vs healthy (n = 44, 5.4% [3.8%], P < .001) athletes. There were no significant correlations between self-reported iron intake, sex hormones, or EA on Hbmass outcomes. However, there was a trend for a negative correlation between LEAFQ score and %ΔHbmass (r = −.353, P = .07). Conclusions: The findings confirm the importance of baseline Hbmass and exposure to hypoxia on increases in Hbmass during altitude training, while emphasizing the importance of athlete health and indices of EA on an optimal baseline Hbmass and hematological response to hypoxia.
Monitoring Training Load and Well-Being During the In-Season Phase in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men’s Basketball
Authors: Conte Daniele , Kolb Nicholas , Scanlan Aaron T. , Santolamazza Fabrizio 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To characterize the weekly training load (TL) and well-being of college basketball players during the in-season phase. Methods: Ten (6 guards and 4 forwards) male basketball players (age 20.9 [0.9] y, stature 195.0 [8.2] cm, and body mass 91.3 [11.3] kg) from the same Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association team were recruited to participate in this study. Individualized training and game loads were assessed using the session rating of perceived exertion at the end of each training and game session, and well-being status was collected before each session. Weekly changes (%) in TL, acute-to-chronic workload ratio, and well-being were determined. Differences in TL and well-being between starting and bench players and between 1-game and 2-game weeks were calculated using magnitude-based statistics. Results: Total weekly TL and acute-to-chronic workload ratio demonstrated high week-to-week variation, with spikes up to 226% and 220%, respectively. Starting players experienced a higher (most likely negative) total weekly TL and similar (unclear) well-being status compared with bench players. Game scheduling influenced TL, with 1-game weeks demonstrating a higher (likely negative) total weekly TL and similar (most likely trivial) well-being status compared with 2-game weeks. Conclusions: These findings provide college basketball coaches information to optimize training strategies during the in-season phase. Basketball coaches should concurrently consider the number of weekly games and player status (starting vs bench player) when creating individualized periodization plans, with increases in TL potentially needed in bench players, especially in 2-game weeks.