bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Stream Infections and Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric Leukemia Patients With Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Reinecke James , Lowas Stefanie , Snowden Jessica , Neemann Kari 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Frequent surveillance of bacterial pathogens responsible for microbiologically defined-blood stream infections (MD-BSI), and their respective antibiotic susceptibilities is central to tailoring empiric antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes in pediatric patients with leukemia. The safety of deescalating antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients with leukemia and neutropenia is incompletely understood.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 194 FN episodes occurred between the years of 2013 and 2016 in 67 patients with leukemia. Clinical and microbiologic data were recorded.

Results:
MD-BSI occurred in 36 of 194 (18%) of FN episodes. Deescalation of empiric antibiotic therapy based on antibiotic susceptibilities was possible in 25 of 36 (69.4%) episodes. In those 25 episodes, where there was an opportunity to deescalate the antibiotic spectrum, it was clinically appropriate to do so in 19. Deescalation occurred in 9 (47.4%) of these episodes without complication. The remaining 10 patients received a median of 20 additional days of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (range, 12 to 30 d).

Conclusions:
In our small cohort of patients, deescalation of antibiotic therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibilities did not result in complication. Larger prospective studies are needed to address the safety of deescalating antibiotic therapy in this population.
An Autopsy Case of Injuries Caused by Automobile Dragging for a Distance of 3.4 km Without Thoracoabdominal Organ Injuries
Authors: Fukasawa Maki , Ninomiya Kenji , Kawakami Yuka , Fuke Chiaki , Ihama Yoko , Miyazaki Tetsuji 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dragging injuries caused by automobiles involved in an accident are occasionally reported; however, those without injury to the thoracoabdominal organs are rare. We present an autopsy case of a man in his 20s found dead on the road after being dragged by a passenger automobile for a distance of 3.4 km. The accident caused fatal dragging injuries but no thoracoabdominal injuries. The victim appeared to be drunk and was lying on the road in front of the parked automobile. Dragging injuries are a unique type of traffic accident that sometimes result from limited and poor visibility due to darkness, rain, or fog. In particular, lying on the road in a drunken state is a specific risk factor for dragging injuries. The dragging distance, road-surface properties, strength of pressure applied by the underbody of the automobile, and the victim's posture are considered to affect the distribution and degree of dragging injuries. Based on autopsy findings and eyewitness testimonies, we discuss the injury mechanism and attempt to reconstruct the accident.
Lead Pellet Ingestion in 3 Children
Authors: Rozier Becky , Liebelt Erica 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Acute ingestions of spherical lead ammunition foreign bodies such as bullets and lead shot can cause acute blood lead level elevations and clinical symptoms necessitating emergency department evaluations and sometimes treatment. This article presents 3 cases of children ingesting lead ammunition, all receiving gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination and chelation therapy for significantly elevated blood lead level. Case-specific exposures and treatments for the lead ammunitions are presented. Radiographs documented lead pellet ingestion in all 3 cases. Pediatric patients absorb lead from the GI tract more quickly than adults and may necessitate more urgent evaluation and treatment than adolescents/adults. More rapid GI absorption has the potential to result in possible irreversible neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits as well as behavioral changes. Failure of lead foreign bodies to pass from the GI tract may require more aggressive interventions for their removal to prevent ongoing absorption. Emergency health care providers should be aware of alternative lead sources besides the most common source of paint, as these lead foreign bodies also need urgent evaluation and possibly treatment.
Seasonal Variations in Microtia of Chinese Population
Authors: Hu Jin-Tian , Chen Qi , Song Hui-Ying , Cao Yi-Lin , Zhang Yong-Biao , Zhou Xu , Liu Tun , Zhang Qing-Guo 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Seasonality of congenital birth defect could help to identify environmental risk factors. Data concerning the seasonality of the prevalence of microtia are little. This article aims to determine whether births of microtia follow a certain pattern.

Methods:
Data were obtained from 2669 patients with microtia who were admitted to Second Ear Reconstruction Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science from January 2007 to December 2013. The controls consist of all living births from the Obstetric Department of the Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital during the same time. Seasonal variations in months of births were analyzed by using χ2 test.

Results:
A total of 2669 patients with microtia and 89,273 healthy living newborns were included in this study. Birth time peak of the patients occurred in autumn, especially in November, compared with the nadir in the spring, especially in April (P G 0.05). The birth time peak of male patients occurred in autumn, too, especially in October and November, While the valley occurred in spring (April, too). However, the seasonality in female patients is not so apparent with the peak occurred in the tail of summer and autumn, especially in August, November, and September orderly, while the valley occurred in March.

Conclusions:
There is a possible seasonality in birth months and a difference between sexes of patients with microtia in this native Chinese population. This approach could be useful to study the etiology of microtia.
Proprioception 2.0: novel functions for muscle spindles
Authors: Kröger Stephan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Muscle spindles are encapsulated mechanosensory receptors within skeletal muscle tissue that inform the central nervous system about the contractile status of each muscle. This information is required for any coordinated movement and for stable posture. This review summarizes recent findings regarding novel functions for proprioceptive feedback information, muscle spindle disease and the molecular basis of mechanoreception.

Recent findings
Muscle spindle function is not limited to regulating motor control but is also required for appropriate realignment of fractured bones, successful regeneration of spinal cord axons after injury and spinal alignment. Several proteins responsible for or modulating mechanotransduction in proprioceptive sensory neurons have been identified, including the Piezo2 channel as a candidate for the principal mechanotransduction channel. Many neuromuscular diseases are known to be accompanied by an impaired function of muscle spindles, resulting in a decline of motor performance and coordination in the patients.

Summary
Our knowledge regarding the molecular basis of muscle spindle function is still incomplete. However, increasing our understanding of mechanotransduction in muscle spindles is a prerequisite for finding appropriate strategies to prevent injuries due to unstable gait and frequent falls.
Modulation of Human Hsp90α Conformational Dynamics by Allosteric Ligand Interaction at the C-Terminal Domain
Authors: Penkler David L. , Bishop Özlem Tastan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent years have seen heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) attract significant interest as a viable drug target, particularly for cancer. To date, designed inhibitors that target the ATPase domain demonstrate potent anti-proliferative effects, but have failed clinical trials due to high levels of associated toxicity. To circumvent this, the focus has shifted away from the ATPase domain. One option involves modulation of the protein through allosteric activation/inhibition. Here, we propose a novel approach: we use previously obtained information via residue perturbation scanning coupled with dynamic residue network analysis to identify allosteric drug targeting sites for inhibitor docking. We probe the open conformation of human Hsp90α for druggable sites that overlap with these allosteric control elements, and identify three putative natural compound allosteric modulators: Cephalostatin 17, 20(29)-Lupene-3β-isoferulate and 3′-Bromorubrolide F. We assess the allosteric potential of these ligands by examining their effect on the conformational dynamics of the protein. We find evidence for the selective allosteric activation and inhibition of Hsp90’s conformational transition toward the closed state in response to ligand binding and shed valuable insight to further the understanding of allosteric drug design and Hsp90’s complex allosteric mechanism of action.
MULTI-seq: Scalable sample multiplexing for single-cell RNA sequencing using lipid-tagged indices
Authors: McGinnis Christopher S. , Patterson David M. , Winkler Juliane , Hein Marco Y. , Srivastava Vasudha , Conrad Daniel N. , Murrow Lyndsay M. , Weissman Jonathan S. , Werb Zena , Chow Eric D. , Gartner Zev J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe describe MULTI-seq: A rapid, modular, and universal scRNA-seq sample multiplexing strategy using lipid-tagged indices. MULTI-seq reagents can barcode any cell type from any species with an accessible plasma membrane. The method is compatible with enzymatic tissue dissociation, and also preserves viability and endogenous gene expression patterns. We leverage these features to multiplex the analysis of multiple solid tissues comprising human and mouse cells isolated from patient-derived xenograft mouse models. We also utilize MULTI-seq’s modular design to perform a 96-plex perturbation experiment with human mammary epithelial cells. MULTI-seq also enables robust doublet identification, which improves data quality and increases scRNA-seq cell throughput by minimizing the negative effects of Poisson loading. We anticipate that the sample throughput and reagent savings enabled by MULTI-seq will expand the purview of scRNA-seq and democratize the application of these technologies within the scientific community.
Effects of Ocean Climate on Spatiotemporal Variation in Sea Urchin Settlement and Recruitment
Authors: Okamoto Daniel K. , Schroeter Stephen , Reed Daniel C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSea urchins are voracious herbivores that influence the ecological structure and function of nearshore ecosystems throughout the world. Like many species that produce planktonic larvae, their recruitment is thought to be particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations in temperature that directly or indirectly affect adult reproduction and larval transport and survival. Yet how climate alters sea urchin populations in space and time by modifying larval recruitment and year-class strength on the time-scales that regulate populations remains understudied. Using a, spatially replicated weekly-biweekly dataset spanning 27 years and 1100 km of coastline, we characterized seasonal, interannual, and spatial patterns of larval settlement of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). We show that large spatial differences in temporal patterns of larval settlement were associated with different responses to fluctuations in ocean temperature and climate. Importantly, we found a strong correlation between larval settlement and regional year class strength suggesting that such temporal and spatial variation in settlement plays an important role in controlling population dynamics. These results provide strong evidence over extensive temporal and spatial domains that climatic fluctuations shape broad-scale patterns of larval settlement and subsequent population structure of an important marine herbivore known to control the productivity, community state and provisioning services of marine ecosystems.
Data-adaptive pipeline for filtering and normalizing metabolomics data
Authors: Schiffman Courtney , Petrick Lauren , Perttula Kelsi , Yano Yukiko , Carlsson Henrik , Whitehead Todd , Metayer Catherine , Hayes Josie , Edmands William M.B. , Rappaport Stephen , Dudoit Sandrine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionUntargeted metabolomics datasets contain large proportions of uninformative features and are affected by a variety of nuisance technical effects that can bias subsequent statistical analyses. Thus, there is a need for versatile and data-adaptive methods for filtering and normalizing data prior to investigating the underlying biological phenomena.ObjectivesHere, we propose and evaluate a data-adaptive pipeline for metabolomics data that are generated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms.MethodsOur data-adaptive pipeline includes novel methods for filtering features based on blank samples, proportions of missing values, and estimated intra-class correlation coefficients. It also incorporates a variant of k-nearest-neighbor imputation of missing values. Finally, we adapted an RNA-Seq approach and R package, scone, to select an appropriate normalization scheme for removing unwanted variation from metabolomics datasets.ResultsUsing two metabolomics datasets that were generated in our laboratory from samples of human blood serum and neonatal blood spots, we compared our data-adaptive pipeline with a traditional filtering and normalization scheme. The data-adaptive approach outperformed the traditional pipeline in almost all metrics related to removal of unwanted variation and maintenance of biologically relevant signatures. The R code for running the data-adaptive pipeline is provided with an example dataset at https://github.com/courtneyschiffman/Data-adaptive-metabolomics.ConclusionOur proposed data-adaptive pipeline is intuitive and effectively reduces technical noise from untargeted metabolomics datasets. It is particularly relevant for interrogation of biological phenomena in data derived from complex matrices associated with biospecimens.
NKB Signaling in the Medial Amygdala Stimulates Gonadotropin Release in a Kisspeptin-Independent Manner in Female Mice
Authors: Fergani Chrysanthi , León Silvia , Padilla Stephanie L. , Verstegen Anne MJ , Palmiter Richard D. , Navarro Víctor M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeurokinin B (NKB) signaling is critical for reproduction in all studied species. The existing consensus is that NKB induces GnRH release via kisspeptin (Kiss1) stimulation in the arcuate nucleus. However, the stimulatory action of NKB is dependent on circulating estrogen (E2) levels, without which, NKB inhibits LH release. Importantly, the evidence supporting the kisspeptin-dependent role of NKB, derives from models of persistent hypogonadal state [e.g. Kiss1r knockout (KO) mice], with reduced E2 levels. Here, we demonstrate that in the presence of E2, NKB signaling induces LH release in a kisspeptin-independent manner. Moreover, senktide (NKB receptor agonist) delivery to the medial amygdala (MeA) increases LH in E2-treated Kiss1 KO females (but not males or sham-treated females) similar to controls, and thus, this increase is independent of Kiss1 neurons. These results document a novel kisspeptin-independent regulatory pathway of reproductive function in females mediated by NKB-responsive neurons in the MeA.
Prevalence of Depression among Epileptic Patients and its Association with Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dessie Getenet , Mulugeta Henok , Leshargie Cheru Tessema , Wagnew Fasil , Burrowes Sahai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and the established relationship between depression and epilepsy, the extent of comorbid epilepsy and depression in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address this gap in the literature by determining the pooled prevalence of depression among epileptic patients in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) identified peer-reviewed research studies and doctoral dissertations on the prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive summaries of the studies presented in tabular form. The I2test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of comorbidity at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a trim and fill analysis in a random-effects model.ResultsOur search identified 167 studies, of which 16 articles were eligible for inclusion the final analysis. The pooled estimate of prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy was 32.71 (95% CI: 25.50 - 39.91). Regional sub-group analysis found that the pooled prevalence in East Africa was 34.52 (95% CI: 23.53 - 45.51) and 29.69 (95% CI: 22.7 - 36.68) in Southern and West Africa. The odds of depression among epileptic patients receiving polytherapy were 2.65 higher than in those receiving monotherapy (95% CI: 1.49 - 4.71, I2=79.1%, p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings indicate high comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa and suggests that it may be more prevalent there than elsewhere. Comorbidity is statistically associated with polytherapy. Given the high levels of epilepsy in the region, more attention should be paid to incorporating depression screening and treatment into existing epilepsy programs and to revising treatment guidelines on comorbid depression to reduce polytherapy.
Why public dismissal of nutrition science makes sense
Authors: Penders Bart 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically engage with societal origins of public (dis)trust and public credibility of nutrition science and offer suggestions for addressing its public dismissal.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint presents a conceptual analysis of public dismissal of nutrition science, drawing together perspectives on the relationships between science and society from the history, sociology and philosophy of science.FindingsThe origin of trust amongst scientists relies is actively tied to their social and moral status and science as a cultural activity is inextricably linked to institutions of power. Accordingly, trust in science relies heavily on public perceptions of those institutions, the ways in which citizens feel represented by them, and to what extent citizens consider these institutions to be held accountable. Ignoring this origin leads to expectations of science and scientists they cannot live up to and inevitable disappointment in those holding such expectations.Social implicationsManaging responsible expectations asks that we first dismiss dominant portrayals of science as pure, neutral, value-free and fuelled by curiosity. Second, we should pursue a reorganisation of science, favouring social inclusiveness over scientific exceptionalism.Originality/valuePost-truth dynamics are a source of concern in the dissemination of nutrition science. Rather than dismissing it as a consequence of public ignorance, a comprehensive engagement with post-truth arguments allows a constructive repositioning of nutrition science organisation and communication. It asks that we design research programmes and studies differently, incorporate different voices. Above all else, it asks humility of researchers and tolerant approaches to other perspectives.
Position estimation of active magnetic bearing shaft using auxiliary coils
Authors: Benšic Tin , Barukcic Marinko , Hederic Željko , Corluka Venco , Raicevic Nebojsa Bozidar , Iatcheva Ilona 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for estimating the position of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) shaft. A new approach using the static and dynamic inductances and complex analytic signal to simplify the estimation procedure. Finite element (FE) simulations are introduced as a part of the system synthesis.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents an AMB displacement estimation system. The system is created with three inductive sensors. The position is computed from reﬁned static and dynamic inductance obtained from complex analytic signals of flux and current. FE simulation is used to relate reﬁned inductances to the displacement and to verify the model.

Findings
This paper shows the applicability of complex analytic signal transformation on estimation systems. The use of new refined inductance is presented in contrast to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances. The paper shows that classical approach of static and dynamic inductance is not usable for the presented estimation system.

Practical implications
For the practical implementation of the presented system, it is necessary to know the exact dimensions of the AMB stator and the voltage and frequency used to supply the inductance estimation system.

Originality/value
The paper presents a system for estimating the displacement of AMB. The paper introduces the application of complex analytic signal to the estimation of AMB displacement. The mentioned signal is used to compute the new refined inductances. The comparison to the classical approach of static and dynamic inductances is given in this paper. The paper introduces FE simulations to the estimation system synthesis.