bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two different types of botulinum toxins: Is there a difference in efficacy and longevity?
Authors: Shome Debraj , Kapoor Rinky , Khare Stuti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnabotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA are two botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) formulations commonly used in esthetic medicine. They are distinguished by whether complexing proteins are included with the active neurotoxin. While OnabotulinumtoxinA has complexing proteins, incobotulinumtoxinA does not; yet, it is unclear whether these differences affect their efficacy, longevity, and immunogenicity, especially in practices with high ambient temperatures.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and longevity of unreconstituted incobotulinumtoxinA with unreconstituted OnabotulinumtoxinA when stored and transported in a cold box to areas with high external ambient temperatures and to understand the implications of storing and transporting botulinum toxin to tropical areas with high ambient temperatures.MethodsA prospective, randomized, and evaluator‐blinded split‐face trial was conducted in 30 patients with symmetrical, moderate‐to‐severe forehead lines. Following routine transportation and storage in thermocol cold boxes, OnabotulinumtoxinA or incobotulinumtoxinA was injected into corresponding sides of the frontalis to facilitate analysis within the same patient. Using a 4‐point facial wrinkling grading scale and a clinical improvement scale, patients' outcomes were assessed over 24 weeks.ResultsForehead lines reappeared in OnabotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients after 8.3 weeks, compared to 10.1 weeks in incobotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients. While side‐vs‐side improvements in forehead lines were observed for both toxins, after 8 weeks, improvements from were diminished relative to incobotulinumtoxinA, indicating that incobotulinumtoxinA was more effective at prolonged wrinkle relief.ConclusionsThese results suggest that incobotulinumtoxinA is more stable at higher ambient temperatures, thus contributing to its better efficacy and longevity. IncobotulinumtoxinA is therefore more appropriate for practices in tropical climates.
Assessing patient satisfaction among ABHRS surgeons: Opportunities to improve
Authors: Hakimi Amir A. , Yasmeh Jonathan P. , Foulad David S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveOnline physician‐rating websites are being increasingly used by patients to gauge physicians’ quality of service. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of residency training background of hair restoration surgeons and to identify themes of patient reviews using online physician‐rating portals.MethodFrom July 1, 2018 to July 18, 2018, a list of American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery (ABHRS) physicians was compiled. Each member's name was searched on Healthgrades.com and Yelp.com websites, and profile reviews were analyzed for themes of patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction.ResultsEighty‐six ABHRS‐certified surgeons were identified on the ABHRS physician directory practicing in the United States. Eleven different residency training backgrounds are represented. Surgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Healthgrades (4.63 vs 3.77, P < 0.001), and nonsurgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Yelp (4.31 vs 4.11, P = 0.036). A total of 567 five‐star reviews and 59 one‐star reviews were analyzed for content across both physician review portals. The most commonly cited topics included results, office staff, physician's bedside manner, comfort during procedure, patient‐perceived physician's honesty, patient‐perceived physician's knowledge, cost/financing options, recovery time, and wait time/scheduling.ConclusionsSignificant, yet inconsistent differences in ratings were found between surgical and nonsurgical residency backgrounds across online physician‐rating portals. Understanding drivers of positive and negative reviews may help surgeons improve patient satisfaction.
Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production induced by benzo(a)pyrene in human keratinocytes
Authors: Zi Yusha , Jiang Biao , He Congfen , Liu Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBenzo(a)pyrene, a major environmental pollutant, is known to accelerate skin aging through oxidative stress, increase the production of inflammatory mediators, and cause skin cancer. Lentinan, prepared from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom), has been reported to exhibit anti‐coagulant, anti‐viral, anti‐cancer, anti‐tumor, and anti‐coagulant effects. However, the effect of lentinan on human keratinocytes treated with benzo(a)pyrene is unknown.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore whether lentinan inhibits benzo(a)pyrene‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes.MethodsWe investigated the effect of lentinan on benzo(a)pyrene‐induced oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). We also assessed the production of inflammatory factors interleukin‐8 and chemokine ligand‐2 induced by benzo(a)pyrene exposure at both mRNA and protein levels.ResultsLentinan inhibited oxidative stress induced by benzo(a)pyrene, as shown by the concentration‐dependent reduction in reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells. In addition, malondialdehyde levels were reduced to 53% of those of cells treated with benzo(a)pyrene without lentinan. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were approximately 18‐ and 2.7‐fold higher in benzo(a)pyrene‐treated cells with lentinan than in those without lentinan. Moreover, lentinan significantly reduced interleukin‐8 and chemokine ligand‐2 mRNA and protein levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that lentinan has two biological activities that are potentially useful for managing inflammatory skin diseases or disorders related to oxidative stress induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Therefore, cosmetics containing L edodes have promising dermatological applications, with potential utility in protecting the skin against environmental pollutants.
Beyond sun protection factor: An approach to environmental protection with novel mineral coatings in a vehicle containing a blend of skincare ingredients
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Sarkas Harry W. , Boland Patricia , Bouche Deborah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPremature skin aging results from exposure to a range of environmental factors, primarily ultraviolet radiation, but also high‐energy visible light in the blue spectrum, infrared radiation, and environmental pollution. These extrinsic factors result in the generation of reactive oxygen species which promote photoaging and DNA damage resulting in skin cancers.AimsTo formulate skincare products utilizing a new coating applied to zinc oxide and titanium dioxide particles and complimentary skincare ingredients to provide broad protection against a range of environmental insults.MethodsA cross‐polymer, multifunctional coating of silicate, polyalkylsilsesquioxane, and polydimethylsiloxane moieties increases the photostability and decreases the reactivity of mineral sunscreen agents when interacting with energy sources. These products are also formulated with antioxidants to minimize free radical propagation. Additionally, this coating improves the esthetic feel of mineral sunscreens, while the appearance is enhanced by formulating products with a blend of iron oxides.ResultsA series of in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated the ability of mineral‐based products formulated with the new multifunctional coating to provide protection against ultraviolet radiation, high‐energy visible light, infrared radiation, and environmental pollution.ConclusionNewly formulated mineral‐based skincare products provide environmental protection, are ecologically safe, and can replace chemical‐based sunscreen ingredients.
Hepatitis B core‐related antigen monitoring during peginterferon alfa treatment for HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: van Campenhout Margo J. H. , Rijckborst Vincent , Brouwer Willem Pieter , van Oord Gertine W. , Ferenci Peter , Tabak Fehmi , Akdogan Meral , Pinarbasi Binnur , Simon Krzysztof , de Knegt Robert J. , Boonstra André , Janssen Harry L. A. , Hansen Bettina E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSerum Hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) level moderately correlates with cccDNA. We examined whether HBcrAg can add value in monitoring the effect of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) therapy for HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Thus, serum HBcrAg level was measured in 133 HBeAg‐negative, mainly Caucasian CHB patients, treated with 48 weeks of PEG‐IFN alfa‐2a. We assessed its association with response (ALT normalization & HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL) at week 72. HBcrAg level strongly correlated with HBV DNA level (r = 0.8, P < 0.001) and weakly with qHBsAg and ALT (both r = 0.2, P = 0.01). At week 48, mean HBcrAg decline was −3.3 log U/mL. Baseline levels were comparable for patients with and without response at week 72 (5.0 vs 4.9 log U/mL, P = 0.59). HBcrAg decline at week 72 differed between patients with and without response (−2.4 vs −1.0 log U/mL, P = 0.001), but no cut‐off could be determined. The pattern of decline in responders resembled that of HBV DNA, but HBcrAg decline was weaker (HBcrAg −2.5 log U/mL; HBV DNA: −4.0 log IU/mL, P < 0.001). For early identification of nonresponse, diagnostic accuracy of HBV DNA and qHBsAg decline at week 12 (AUC 0.742, CI‐95% [0.0.629‐0.855], P < 0.001) did not improve by adding HBcrAg decline (AUC 0.747, CI‐95% [0.629‐0.855] P < 0.001), nor by replacing HBV DNA decline by HBcrAg decline (AUC 0.754, CI‐95% [0.641‐0.867], P < 0.001). In conclusion, in Caucasian patients with HBeAg‐negative CHB, decline of HBcrAg during PEG‐IFN treatment was stronger in patients with treatment response. However, HBcrAg was not superior to HBV DNA and qHBsAg in predicting response during PEG‐IFN treatment.
Exploratory cohort study to determine if dry cow vaccination with aSalmonellaNewport bacterin can protect dairy calves against oralSalmonellachallenge
Authors: Foster Derek , Jacob Megan , Stowe Devorah , Smith Geof 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSalmonellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves, often occurring before preventative vaccines can be administered.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo evaluate the protective effect on calves of colostrum from cows vaccinated with a commercially availableSalmonellaNewport bacterin against aSalmonellaTyphimurium challenge.AnimalsTwenty Holstein bull calves from a university dairy farm.MethodsNonrandomized placebo‐controlled trial in which colostrum was harvested from 30 cows that received 2 doses of eitherSalmonellabacterin or saline before calving. Colostrum collected from each group was pooled and fed to 2 groups of 10 calves at birth. At approximately 2 weeks of age, calves were challenged withSalmonellaTyphimurium. Clinical, hematologic, microbiological, and postmortem findings were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsNo differences in mortality, clinical findings, hematology results, blood and fecal cultures, or necropsy findings between the 2 groups were observed. Vaccinated cows had higher colostral titers, and calves fed this colostrum had higher serum titers (mean difference, 0.429; mean [SE], 0.852 [0.02] for vaccinated versus 0.423 [0.02] for control calves).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTransfer of colostral immunoglobulins fromSalmonella entericaserotype Newport bacterin to neonatal calves was not sufficient to decrease mortality, clinical signs, sepsis, intestinal damage, or fecal shedding when exposed to a highly pathogenicSalmonellaisolate. A large‐scale randomized controlled clinical trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this bacterin when administered in the dry period for prevention of salmonellosis in neonatal calves.
Liminal Living: Everyday Injury, Disability, and Instability among Migrant Mexican Women in Maryland's Seafood Industry
Authors: Sangaramoorthy Thurka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMexican women constitute an increasing proportion of labor migrants to the United States. They are segregated into a handful of low‐wage occupations, disadvantaged by global economic forces and the social construction of gender within employment relations. Drawing on ethnographic research from Maryland's Eastern Shore, I explore experiences of everyday injury, disability, and instability among Mexican migrant women who work in the commercial crab processing industry, which is increasingly dependent on the H‐2B visa program to fill seasonal, non‐agricultural jobs. By focusing on the daily lives of Mexican migrant women who are part of this labor force, their health and social needs, and the gendered dimensions of labor migration, I document how temporary work programs institutionalize liminality as permanent mode of being. I suggest that migrant women, amid the extraordinary uncertainty brought about by the processes of recurrent migration, reorient and recalibrate themselves through modes of conduct to make life more ordinary.
Horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer in early plastid evolution
Authors: Ponce‐Toledo Rafael I. , López‐García Purificación , Moreira David 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPlastids evolved from a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryotic host and became a stable organelle. Some of the resulting eukaryotic algae entered into a number of secondary endosymbioses with diverse eukaryotic hosts. These events had major consequences on the evolution and diversification of life on Earth. Although almost all plastid diversity derives from a single endosymbiotic event, the analysis of nuclear genomes of plastid‐bearing lineages has revealed a mosaic origin of plastid‐related genes. In addition to cyanobacterial genes, plastids recruited for their functioning eukaryotic proteins encoded by the host nucleus and also bacterial proteins of noncyanobacterial origin. Therefore, plastid proteins and plastid‐localised metabolic pathways evolved by tinkering and using gene toolkits from different sources. This mixed heritage seems especially complex in secondary algae containing green plastids, the acquisition of which appears to have been facilitated by many previous acquisitions of red algal genes (the ‘red carpet hypothesis’).
Preventive treatment with oral sirolimus and aspirin in a newborn with severe Sturge‐Weber syndrome
Authors: Triana Junco Paloma E. , Sánchez‐Carpintero Ignacio , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSturge‐Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by facial capillary malformation, leptomeningeal capillary malformations, and choroidal and episcleral vascular malformations. These malformations produce neurologic and ophthalmological symptoms including seizures and glaucoma. A premature male newborn without prenatal diagnosis presented with severe bilateral SWS and was started on systemic sirolimus and aspirin. The patient has remained seizure‐free for 23 months and demonstrated an excellent response to pulsed dye laser treatment.
Dynamic Shrinkage Processes
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. , Matteson David S. , Ruppert David 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe propose a novel class of dynamic shrinkage processes for Bayesian time series and regression analysis. Building on a global–local framework of prior construction, in which continuous scale mixtures of Gaussian distributions are employed for both desirable shrinkage properties and computational tractability, we model dependence between the local scale parameters. The resulting processes inherit the desirable shrinkage behaviour of popular global–local priors, such as the horseshoe prior, but provide additional localized adaptivity, which is important for modelling time series data or regression functions with local features. We construct a computationally efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm based on a Pólya–gamma scale mixture representation of the process proposed. Using dynamic shrinkage processes, we develop a Bayesian trend filtering model that produces more accurate estimates and tighter posterior credible intervals than do competing methods, and we apply the model for irregular curve fitting of minute-by-minute Twitter central processor unit usage data. In addition, we develop an adaptive time varying parameter regression model to assess the efficacy of the Fama–French five-factor asset pricing model with momentum added as a sixth factor. Our dynamic analysis of manufacturing and healthcare industry data shows that, with the exception of the market risk, no other risk factors are significant except for brief periods.
Estimating Finite Mixtures of Semi-Markov Chains: An Application to the Segmentation of Temporal Sensory Data
Authors: Cardot Hervé , Lecuelle Guillaume , Schlich Pascal , Visalli Michel 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn food science, it is of great interest to obtain information about the temporal perception of aliments to create new products, to modify existing products or more generally to understand the mechanisms of perception. Temporal dominance of sensations is a technique to measure temporal perception which consists in choosing sequentially attributes describing a food product over tasting. This work introduces new statistical models based on finite mixtures of semi-Markov chains to describe data collected with the temporal dominance of sensations protocol, allowing different temporal perceptions for a same product within a population. The identifiability of the parameters of such mixture models is discussed. Sojourn time distributions are fitted with a gamma probability distribution and a penalty is added to the log-likelihood to ensure convergence of the expectation–maximization algorithm to a non-degenerate solution. Information criteria are employed for determining the number of mixture components. Then, the individual qualitative trajectories are clustered with the help of the maximum a posteriori probability approach. A simulation study confirms the good behaviour of the estimation procedure proposed. The methodology is illustrated on an example of consumers’ perception of a Gouda cheese and assesses the existence of several behaviours in terms of perception of this product.
Validity of energy expenditure estimation methods during 10 days of military training
Authors: Siddall Andrew G. , Powell Steven D. , Needham‐Beck Sarah C. , Edwards Victoria C. , Thompson Jane E.S. , Kefyalew Sarah S. , Singh Priya A. , Orford Elise R. , Venables Michelle C. , Jackson Sarah , Greeves Julie P. , Blacker Sam D. , Myers Steve D. 
Published: May 2019

Wearable physical activity (PA) monitors have improved the ability to estimate free‐living total energy expenditure (TEE) but their application during arduous military training alongside more well‐established research methods has not been widely documented. This study aimed to assess the validity of two wrist‐worn activity monitors and a PA log against doubly labeled water (DLW) during British Army Officer Cadet (OC) training. For 10 days of training, twenty (10 male and 10 female) OCs (mean ± SD: age 23 ± 2 years, height 1.74 ± 0.09 m, body mass 77.0 ± 9.3 kg) wore one research‐grade accelerometer (GENEActiv, Cambridge, UK) on the dominant wrist, wore one commercially available monitor (Fitbit SURGE, USA) on the non‐dominant wrist, and completed a self‐report PA log. Immediately prior to this 10‐day period, participants consumed a bolus of DLW and provided daily urine samples, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine TEE. Bivariate correlations and limits of agreement (LoA) were employed to compare TEE from each estimation method to DLW. Average daily TEE from DLW was 4112 ± 652 kcal·day−1 against which the GENEActiv showed near identical average TEE (mean bias ± LoA: −15 ± 851 kcal.day−1) while Fitbit tended to underestimate (−656 ± 683 kcal·day−1) and the PA log substantially overestimate (+1946 ± 1637 kcal·day−1). Wearable physical activity monitors provide a cheaper and more practical method for estimating free‐living TEE than DLW in military settings. The GENEActiv accelerometer demonstrated good validity for assessing daily TEE and would appear suitable for use in large‐scale, longitudinal military studies.
Challenging Geographical Disadvantages and Social Exclusion: A Case Study of Gendered Rural Transformation in Mountain Villages in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Suzuki Him Miki , Gündüz Hoşgör Ayşe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the gender‐specific effect of the changing economic structure of mountain villages in Turkey. Rural women, who are conventionally unpaid family workers, have begun entering into off‐farm work due to declining household incomes in recent years. The implications of this for gender relations are found to be contradictory in much recent research. In this study, we employed the concepts of the hybridity of rural communities and the multiplicity of social exclusion in a globalising countryside. We used a qualitative methodology employing multiple sources of data. In addition to in‐depth interviews with 27 village women, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with village headmen and structured interviews with 218 village women to understand the structural context behind the women’s narratives. We found that the dimension of social exclusion varies with gender and age within the community. While middle‐aged men are increasingly unemployed and have withdrawn into uncompetitive rural life, young women engage in wage work and challenge geographical disadvantages by spending their meagre earnings on transportation and communication technologies. The reconfiguration of marginality within the community, rather than the total marginalisation of villagers, is an ongoing process.
Industrial Decline and Resilience in Small Towns: Evidence From Three European Case Studies
Authors: Lazzeroni Michela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper concerns the future of small towns with an old industrial specialisation which have undergone growth processes during the 1900s and now experience de‐industrialisation and identity crises in an economic scenario characterised by the role played by global cities and emerging countries. The concept of resilience has been adopted as the main analytical tool to study this phenomenon. Following an evolutionary approach, resilience is here understood as the dynamic capabilities a system can use to react to negative events and changes, to emphasise its distinctive contextual factors and promote new development trajectories, by also considering the contribution of institutions and urban strategies. With regard to the empirical part of the research, three comparable small industrial towns have been examined: Sochaux, the historical town of Peugeot; Ivrea, developed around the Olivetti company; Pontedera, the town of Piaggio and the famous Vespa.