bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Clival Mucocele: ENT Perspective in Early Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Thakar Alok , Chappity Preetam 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Primary clival mucocele is a rare lesion encountered in our daily practice. The previous scant literature enumerate cases which presented with intracranial complications and were usually treated by neurosurgeons. We are presenting a case of a 24-year old female who presented to us with unilateral headache and recurrent episodes of sinusitis. The patient's radiology suggested a primary clival mucocele, which was drained endoscopically. The patient on follow-up is symptom free. This paper tries to implicate the importance of the otorhinolaryngologist in diagnosing this rare lesion and preventing its progression and thus, intracranial complications.

How to cite this article
Chappity P, Thakar A. Primary Clival Mucocele: ENT Perspective in Early Diagnosis and Management. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):27-29.
Physicochemical Profile and Shelf Life Estimation of Nishamalaki churna
Authors: Galib Ruknuddin , Gulati Poonam D , Yadav Pramod , Prajapati Pradeep K 
Published: September 2019

Context:
With increasing popularity, the quality of medicines has become an important issue. Shelf life is an important component that is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations that are being marketed and used in therapeutics. The shelf life of Nishamalaki churna, a frequently used formulation for the management of diabetes, is not reported till date.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the shelf life of Nishamalaki churna through the accelerated stability study.

Methods:
Physicochemical parameters were measured at the temperature of 40 ± 2 °C and the relative humidity was 75 ± 5%. The analysis was repeated at the intervals of 1,3, and 6 months, and the average 10% degradation time was calculated and extrapolated to find the shelf life.

Results:
Shelf life of Nishamalaki churna is found to be 3 years 7 months.

Conclusion:
The Gazette of Government of India prescribes a limit of 2 years as the shelf life for churnas (powdered formulations). The observations of the current study reveal that Nishamalaki churna is stable for a longer duration than the prescribed period of 2 years when stored appropriately in well-closed containers.
Śākadravya (Vegetables) as Pathya in Metabolic Disorders–A Review from Classical Texts of Āyurveda with Current Evidences
Authors: Naik Raghavendra , Borkar Sneha D , Bhat Sulochana , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: September 2019

Aim:
To review the vegetables mentioned as pathya for metabolic diseases like prameha/madhumeha, hrdroga, and sthaulya from 15 different classical texts and to analyze the available data critically with the help of reported research activities to establish their role in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.

Background:
Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disorder, which can be prevented by changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. Among the preventive measures given for various disorders, the classical texts of Āyurveda describe all the vegetables along with their guna (properties), karma (action), and prayoga (indication) in different disease conditions under śākavarga. As diet is considered as the best preventive medicine, vegetables are indicated as pathya (wholesome diet) for metabolic diseases like prameha/madhumeha, hrdroga, and sthoulya, and can be used in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.

Review results:
It is observed that among 318 vegetables mentioned in compiled texts, 29 vegetables are indicated in prameha/madhumeha and 33 vegetables are indicated in hrdroga. Majority of these vegetables are reported for their antidiabetic (18), anti-hyperlipidemia (14), cardio-protective (15), anti-hypertensive (7), and antiplatelet (5) activities.

Conclusion:
Vegetables mentioned under śākavarga in classical texts of Āyurveda can be effectively used as pathya in metabolic disorders.

Clinical significance:
On the basis of review results, further scientific studies can be planned clinically to evaluate the beneficial effects of these vegetables in clinical practice.
Tides of Endurance: Indigenous Peace Traditions of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Devere Heather , Te Maihāroa Kelli , Solomon Maui , Wharehoka Maata 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article uses the concept of Ngā Tai Matatū (Tides of Māori Endurance) developed by Mason Durie, a leading Māori scholar, to consider three indigenous communities of Aotearoa New Zealand that have demonstrated endurance and resilience in maintaining their unique peace traditions in the face of opposition from both Western and Māori cultures of violence. The Moriori of Rēkohu off the New Zealand coast (known as the Chatham Islands in English and Wharekauri in Māori) have a peace tradition that dates back more than six hundred years. The Waitaha people of New Zealand's South Island (Te Wāi Pounamu) had no weapons of war recorded in the their historical memory nor among their ancient artefacts. The Parihaka community in the Taranaki region in the North Island Te Ika o Maui was established in the nineteenth century explicitly around nonviolent principles. All three peace traditions are currently being resurrected by descendants of the original peacemakers.
Building on the Definition of Social and Emotional Wellbeing: An Indigenous (Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand) Viewpoint
Authors: Sutherland Stewart , Adams Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article will build on the definition of social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) used within an Indigenous health framework. We intend to distance it from its current discipline of mental health, the Eurocentric term commonly used in social science literature. This is to emphasize that, within Aboriginal (Rudder and Grant, 2005) and Torres Strait Islander, Maori, and First Nations (Canadian) languages, there is no specific word for “health.” Indigenous peoples from within these countries have a holistic view of health that encompasses the physical, mental, emotional, and environmental spectrum of wellbeing. This article therefore uses “social and emotional wellbeing” rather than the generic Eurocentric terms of “health” or “mental health” to give this a stronger Indigenous voice. The elements of social and emotional wellbeing are discussed from an Indigenous viewpoint and from extracts compiled in work undertaken by Sutherland (2017). The elements explored may offer new perspectives to others. Similarly, this article offers an explanation as to why elements are siloed within the context of mental and physical health. This has led to some parts of SEWB gaining advantages over others within policy and funding models.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE ENSINO RELIGIOSO NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Da Silva Alfredo Moreira , Gabriel Fábio Antonio 
Published: September 2019

RESUMO: Neste artigo, pretende-se expor a experiência formativa de professores de ensino religioso no contexto da primeira turma do Programa Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (PARFOR) na Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP). A revisão de literatura na área de formação de professores de ensino religioso aponta no sentido de uma preocupação muito acentuada com a formação continuada desses docentes e pouca preocupação com a formação inicial em licenciaturas de Ciências da Religião. Defende-se, assim, a importância de que os docentes de ensino religioso se formem em cursos de licenciatura específica. A metodologia da pesquisa norteou-se pela aplicação de questionário para os formados nessa primeira turma na UENP. Os resultados evidenciam um impacto não apenas epistemológico na concepção do ensino religioso após a formação em Ciências da Religião, como também uma mudança de visão didática sobre o que constitui a identidade de ser professor de ensino religioso.
O transporte de carbono orgânico dissolvido e nutrientes nitrogenados no canal principal do Rio Amazonas, no Estreito de Óbidos
Authors: Sampaio Irene Cibelle Gonçalves , Moura Jose Mauro Sousa , Holmes Robert Max , Peucker-Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Spencer Robert G. M. , Mitsuya Miyuki , Suslova Anya , Ferreira Rardiles Branches , Magalhães Alan Silva , Muniz Rafael Corrêa 
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho foi realizado no Rio Amazonas, no Estreito de Óbidos, de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente com o objetivo de investigar as variações sazonais e interanuais do transporte de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), do nitrogênio total dissolvido (NDT), do nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido (DON), do nitrato (NO3) e do amônio (NH4) no rio. Observou-se que as fases hidrográficas têm uma influência importante sobre o transporte dos constituintes dissolvidos na água. Na fase de cheia, o carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), o nitrogênio total dissolvido (NDT) e o nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido (DON) aumentaram significativamente seu transporte (sendo em média respectivamente 0.096, 0.006 e 0.004 Tg.dia-1), em comparação com a fase de seca (0.036, 0.003 e 0.001 Tg.dia-1, respectivamente). Apenas o nitrato (NO3) não teve seu transporte significativamente alterado ao longo das fases da hidrógrafa (0.003 Tg.dia-1). O transporte média de NH4 foi de 0.0003 ± 0.0001 Tg.dia-1 e as diferenças no transporte foram serem negligenciadas. Os resultados encontrados no presente trabalho aproximam-se dos valores encontrados na literatura para o Rio Amazonas. Estes resultados demonstram que mudanças de cobertura e uso do solo ainda não podem ser observadas em larga escala na no Estreito de Óbidos. Somente um monitoramento contínuo e ininterrupto é capaz de fazer uma avaliação robusta do efeito de eventos climáticos extremos, possíveis mudanças futuras no clima, assim como mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo. Frente a crescentes mudanças na Bacia Amazônica, estudos com frequência temporal e ampla distribuição espacial fazem-se necessários.
Phytochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Salmonella Species
Authors: Jodi S. M. , Farouq A. A. , Magashi A. M. , Muomora G. D. , Nata’ala M. K. , Gambo A. , Umar S. , Baki A. S. , Muhammad A. , Jodi A. M. , Ruwa A. M. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is commonly used as food and health purposes. This study is aimed at evaluating the bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of leaf extract of O. gratissimum against Salmonella species.
Methodology: The Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum was conducted using standard methods. Screening for antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts against Salmonella species was determined using agar well diffusion method. An in-vivo toxicity study was carried out with albino rats.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, glycosides, alkaloid, volatile oils and steroids. A zone of inhibition of 14mm was recorded against the organisms using ethanolic extract with a concentration of 100 mg/ml and the lowest was recorded against Salmonella paratyphi with the concentration of 25 mg/ml of the ethanolic extract. Zone of inhibition of 9.00 mm and 10.0mm was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi on a concentration of 100 mg/ml of the aqueous extract. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf was recorded. After the toxicity test, no death was recorded after 2 (two) weeks.
Conclusion: The leaf extract of O. gratissimum shows promising potentials in the treatment of infectious diseases associated with Salmonlla typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, due to its antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. However, further studies are needed to non-polar solvents to isolate other bioactive compounds as well as identify the active metabolites responsible for these activities.
Molecular Identification of Plasmodium Species in Malaria in Zimbabwe by 18S Ribosequencing
Authors: Mbiri Willlard , Mukandabvute Daniel , Chin’ombe Nyasha 
Published: September 2019

Background: Malaria remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Zimbabwe due to transmission of Plasmodium parasite by the Anopheles mosquitoes. Globally, several species of Plasmodium parasite have been identified, but only P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi are known to cause malaria in humans. No studies have previously been done in Zimbabwe to identify the Plasmodium species in malaria using molecular methods. The the aim of this study was to identify circulating Plasmodium species in malaria in Zimbabwe using 18S ribosequencing.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey in Zimbabwe from January to May in 2016. Venous blood was collected from malaria-suspected patients at three referral hospitals and subjected to microscopy and/or serology. Total DNA was isolated and Plasmodium species identified by 18S amplification and ribosequencing.
Results: A total of 160 patient samples were used in this study. Out of these, 130 were malaria-positive by microscopy and/or serology and 30 were negative. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 100 samples of the patients (80 malaria-positive and 20 malaria-negative samples by microscopy and/or serology). Amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium was performed on 74 malaria-positive and 6 malaria-negative samples. All the 74 samples showed 18S RNA gene amplification and the 6 negative controls did not show amplification. Only 50 amplicons were selected for sequencing. Ribosequencing and bioinformatics analyses showed that all (100%) the sequences belonged to Plasmodium falciparum.
Conclusion: The study was the first to provide molecular evidence of the existence of only P. falciparum in Zimbabwe. However, further studies with bigger sample sizes need to be done to ascertain whether P falciparum is the dominant circulating species in malaria in Zimbabwe.
Effect of Substituting Poultry Waste Meal for Corn in the Diet of the African Clariid Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles
Authors: Wuraola Obe, Bernadine 
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of poultry waste meal (PWM) on growth of Clarias gariepinus juveniles The growth response of juveniles of average weight 6.5g fed poultry waste meal (PWM) was studied for 70 days. The poultry waste meal comprised the droppings from the layers pen, some maggots, broken eggs and feeds that fell during the course of feeding. The proximate analysis of PWM had crude protein value of 9.795 %, crude fibre 8.700 %, ash 25.174 %, moisture 10.794%, carbohydrate 44.286% and fat 1.250% respectively. Five diets were formulated; which were Diet A (Control: with 0% inclusion level of poultry waste meal, B (25%), C (50%), D (75%), and E with 100% inclusion level (total replacement with poultry waste meal). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and all other diets in the values recorded for growth and nutrient utilization, even up to 100% substitution of maize with PWM. The cost of feed production decreased with increase in inclusion levels of PWM in the diets. The results of the study showed that the use of PWM could be considered in the diet of C. gariepinus even up to 100% substitution level; considering the huge cost of maize and competition for its use whereas PMW is obtainable at little or no cost.
Development and Evolution of the System Structure for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation from Zero to Three Dimensions
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Gu Yufei , Liu Pengfei , Wang Pengfei , Miao Lei , Liu Jing , Wei Anyun , Mu Xiaojiang , Li Jinlei , Zhu Jia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDirect solar steam generation (DSSG) offers a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solution to the energy and water crisis. In the past decades, DSSG has gained tremendous attention due to its potential applications for clean water production, desalination, wastewater treatment, and electric energy harvesting. Even though the solar–thermal conversion efficiency has approached 100% under 1 sun illumination (1 kW m−2) using various photothermal materials and systems, the optimization of the materials and system structure remains unclear because of the lack of evaluation methods in unity for the output efficiency. In this review, a few key concerns about different dimensional materials and systems that determine the characteristics of DSSG are explored. Quantitative analysis, including calculations and methods for the solar–thermal conversion efficiency, evaporation rate, and energy loss, is employed to evaluate the materials and systems from the point of view of ultimate utilization. This article focuses on the relationship between the system dimension and energy efficiency and notes opportunities for future system design and commercialization of DSSG.
Anomalous Defect Dependence of Thermal Conductivity in Epitaxial WO3 Thin Films
Authors: Ning Shuai , Huberman Samuel C. , Ding Zhiwei , Nahm Ho‐Hyun , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Chen Gang , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLattice defects typically reduce lattice thermal conductivity, which has been widely exploited in applications such as thermoelectric energy conversion. Here, an anomalous dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity on point defects is demonstrated in epitaxial WO3 thin films. Depending on the substrate, the lattice of epitaxial WO3 expands or contracts as protons are intercalated by electrolyte gating or oxygen vacancies are introduced by adjusting growth conditions. Surprisingly, the observed lattice volume, instead of the defect concentration, plays the dominant role in determining the thermal conductivity. In particular, the thermal conductivity increases significantly with proton intercalation, which is contrary to the expectation that point defects typically lower the lattice thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity can be dynamically varied by a factor of ≈1.7 via electrolyte gating, and tuned over a larger range, from 7.8 to 1.1 W m−1 K−1, by adjusting the oxygen pressure during film growth. The electrolyte‐gating‐induced changes in thermal conductivity and lattice dimensions are reversible through multiple cycles. These findings not only expand the basic understanding of thermal transport in complex oxides, but also provide a path to dynamically control the thermal conductivity.
Do Zinc Dendrites Exist in Neutral Zinc Batteries: A Developed Electrohealing Strategy to In Situ Rescue In‐Service Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Liang Guojin , Guo Ying , Liu Zhuoxin , Yan Boxun , Wang Donghong , Huang Zhaodong , Li Xinliang , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dendritic issue in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZBs) using neutral/mild electrolytes has remained an intensive controversy for a long time: some researchers assert that dendrites severely exist while others claim great cycling stability without any protection. This issue is clarified by investigating charge/discharge‐condition‐dependent formation of Zn dendrites. Lifespan degradation (120 to 1.2 h) and voltage hysteresis deterioration (134 to 380 mV) are observed with increased current densities due to the formation of Zn dendrites (edge size: 0.69–4.37 µm). In addition, the capacity is also found to remarkably affect the appearance of the dendrites as well. Therefore, at small current densities or loading mass, Zn dendrites might not be an issue, while the large conditions may rapidly ruin batteries. Based on this discovery, a first‐in‐class electrohealing methodology is developed to eliminate already‐formed dendrites, generating extremely prolonged lifespans by 410% at 7.5 mA cm–2 and 516% at 10 mA cm–2. Morphological analysis reveals that vertically aligned Zn dendrites with sharp tips gradually become passivated and finally generate a smooth surface. This developed electrohealing strategy may promote research on metal dendrites in various batteries evolving from passive prevention to active elimination, rescuing in‐service batteries in situ to achieve elongated lifetime.
Thermoresponsive Transient Radio Frequency Antennas: Toward Triggered Wireless Transient Circuits
Authors: Zhang Xin , Weber Callie M. , Bellan Leon M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile implantable medical devices offer tremendous potential for treating a myriad of diseases and disorders, there are many situations in which such devices are only needed for short time periods, with extended presence or surgical removal leading to a host of undesired complications. To address this concern, researchers are working to develop implantable circuitry that eventually disintegrates. Prior work in this area leveraged known bioresorbable materials, but the lifetime of circuits formed from such materials is determined upon fabrication, and on‐demand, triggered disintegration is not possible. To better match the lifetime of an implanted device to the status of the condition it is monitoring or treating, it would be advantageous to be able to noninvasively trigger disintegration at a particular time, avoiding situations in which the device lifetime is either too short or too long. Thus, to enable implantable circuitry with wireless capabilities that can disintegrate upon external stimuli, thermoresponsive transient RF antennas are formed that exhibit stable wireless response in warm aqueous environments but disintegrate and irreversibly lose functionality when cooled below a critical temperature. Antennas are formed by embedding patterned networks of silver nanowires in a thermoresponsive polymeric binder, which maintains network conductivity in warm solution but disintegrates and releases the nanowires when solution temperature drops. Mild sintering enhances electrical properties of the conductive nanowire network and antenna response while maintaining the capability for disintegration. To reduce the undesired effects of swelling, devices are sandwiched between two parylene films. These thermoresponsive transient devices represent an important step toward the realization of wireless medical implants whose disintegration can be triggered at any time by an external cooling stimulus.
Chemical Modulation of Bioengineered Exosomes for Tissue‐Specific Biodistribution
Authors: Hwang Do Won , Jo Min Joo , Lee Jeong Heon , Kang Homan , Bao Kai , Hu Shuang , Baek Yoonji , Moon Hyung Geun , Lee Dong Soo , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Henary Maged , Choi Hak Soo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play a key role in tissue‐specific targeting by reducing nonspecific background uptake as well as controlling biodistribution and clearance. Due to the strong influence of surface chemistry, chemical modulation of bioinert exosomes with chargeable and traceable small molecule fluorophores has a significant effect on the targeting, stability, and toxicity of the final conjugates. In this study, charge‐variable exosomes are designed by conjugating their surface proteins with near‐infrared fluorophores to control the in vivo fate of exosomes. Interestingly, zwitterionic fluorophore‐labeled exosomes show rapid renal clearance with minimum to none nonspecific tissue uptake, whereas anionic exosomes are excreted through the hepatobiliary route with high uptake in the liver. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosome conjugates are comparable to their corresponding free fluorophores, demonstrating that the surface characteristics govern the fate of final conjugates in the living organism. Such unique surface properties of chemically modulated exosomes are confirmed in the lymphatic system after intradermal administration, which results in distinctive kinetic profiles in the secondary lymphoid tissues. This finding can subsequently serve as the foundation for developing tissue‐specific exosome‐based therapeutics.