bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater caregiving risk, better infant memory performance?
Authors: Rifkin‐Graboi Anne , Quan Jeffry , Richmond Jenny , Goh Shaun Kok Yew , Sim Lit Wee , Chong Yap Seng , Bureau Jean‐Francois , Chen Helen , Qiu Anqi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPoor early life care often relates to cognitive difficulties. However, newer work suggests that in early‐life, adversity may associate with enhanced or accelerated neurodevelopment. We examine associations between postnatal caregiving risks (i.e., higher self‐reported postnatal‐anxiety and lower observed maternal sensitivity) and infant relational memory (i.e., via deferred imitation and relational binding). Using subsamples of 67–181 infants (aged 433–477 post‐conceptual days, or roughly five to seven months since birth) taking part in the GUSTO study, we found such postnatal caregiving risk significantly predictive of “better” performance on a relational binding task following a brief delay, after Bonferroni adjustments. Subsequent analyses suggest that the association between memory and these risks may specifically be apparent among infants spending at least 50% of their waking hours in the presence of their mothers. Our findings echo neuroimaging research concerning similar risk exposure and larger infant hippocampal volume, and likewise underscore the importance of considering developmental context in understanding early life experience. With this in mind, these findings caution against the use of cognitive outcomes as indices of experienced risk.
Front Cover: Spectrally encoded coherence tomography and reflectometry: Simultaneous en face and cross‐sectional imaging at 2 gigapixels per second (J. Biophotonics 4/2018)
Authors: El‐Haddad Mohamed T. , Bozic Ivan , Tao Yuankai K. 
Published: April 2018

SECTR is a novel multimodal imaging platform for combined volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en face spectrally encoded reflectometry (SER). The authors demonstrate three‐dimensional motion‐tracking with millisecond temporal and micron spatial resolution using complementary data from OCT and SER, and preliminary algorithms and results showing real‐time image aiming and multi‐volumetric mosaicking for reconstruction of wide‐field composites. The image shows a noninvasively imaged nine‐field mosaic of in vivo human retina and depth‐resolved visualization of tissue microstructures.Further details can be found in the article by Mohamed T. El‐Haddad, Ivan Bozic, and Yuankai K. Tao (e201700268)
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Biomimetic sulfated polyethylene glycol hydrogel inhibits proteoglycan loss and tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced expression pattern in an osteoarthritis in vitro model
Authors: Hemmati‐Sadeghi Shabnam , Dey Pradip , Ringe Jochen , Haag Rainer , Sittinger Michael , Dehne Tilo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the potential of an anti‐inflammatory polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel for osteoarthritis (OA) management in an OA in vitro model. Freshly isolated porcine chondrocytes were maintained in high‐density cultures to form cartilage‐like three‐dimensional micromasses. Recombinant porcine tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) was used to induce OA‐like changes. Normal and OA‐like micromasses were treated with dendritic polyglycerol sulfate‐based PEG hydrogel. Live/dead staining showed that all micromasses remained vital and presented similar morphological characteristics. Safranin‐O staining demonstrated a typical depletion of glycosaminoglycans in TNF‐α‐treated micromasses but not in the presence of the hydrogel. There was no distinct difference in immunohistochemical detection of type II collagen. Microarray data showed that rheumatoid arthritis and TNF signaling pathways were down regulated in hydrogel‐treated OA‐like micromasses compared to nontreated OA‐like micromasses. The hydrogel alone did not affect genes related to OA such as ANPEP, COMP, CXCL12, PTGS2, and TNFSF10, but it prevented their regulation caused by TNF‐α. This study provides valuable insights toward a fully synthetic hydrogel for the intra‐articular treatment of OA. The findings proved the potential of this hydrogel to prevent the development of TNF‐α‐induced OA with regard to proteoglycan loss and TNF‐α‐induced expression pattern without additional signs of differentiation and inflammation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 490–500, 2019.
Osteoporosis and Hip Fracture Risk From Routine Computed Tomography Scans: The Fracture, Osteoporosis, and CT Utilization Study (FOCUS)
Authors: Adams Annette L , Fischer Heidi , Kopperdahl David L , Lee David C , Black Dennis M , Bouxsein Mary L , Fatemi Shireen , Khosla Sundeep , Orwoll Eric S , Siris Ethel S , Keaveny Tony M 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Methods now exist for analyzing previously taken clinical computed tomography (CT) scans to measure a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-equivalent bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and a finite element analysis–derived femoral strength. We assessed the efficacy of this “biomechanical CT” (BCT) approach for identifying patients at high risk of incident hip fracture in a large clinical setting. Using a case-cohort design sampled from 111,694 women and men aged 65 or older who had a prior hip CT scan, a DXA within 3 years of the CT, and no prior hip fracture, we compared those with subsequent hip fracture (n = 1959) with randomly selected sex-stratified controls (n = 1979) and analyzed their CT scans blinded to all other data. We found that the age-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted hazard ratio (HR; per standard deviation) for femoral strength was significant before (women: HR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–3.5; men: 2.8, 2.1–3.7) and after adjusting also for the (lowest) hip BMD T-score by BCT (women: 2.1, 1.4–3.2; men: 2.7, 1.6–4.6). The hazard ratio for the hip BMD T-score was similar between BCT and DXA for both sexes (women: 2.1, 1.8–2.5 BCT versus 2.1, 1.7–2.5 DXA; men: 2.8, 2.1–3.8 BCT versus 2.5, 2.0–3.2 DXA) and was higher than for the (lowest) spine/hip BMD T-score by DXA (women: 1.6, 1.4–1.9; men: 2.1, 1.6–2.7). Compared with the latter as a clinical-practice reference and using both femoral strength and the hip BMD T-score from BCT, sensitivity for predicting hip fracture was higher for BCT (women: 0.66 versus 0.59; men: 0.56 versus 0.48), with comparable respective specificity (women: 0.66 versus 0.67; men: 0.76 versus 0.78). We conclude that BCT analysis of previously acquired routine abdominal or pelvic CT scans is at least as effective as DXA testing for identifying patients at high risk of hip fracture. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Role of Bmp2 in the Maturation and Maintenance of the Murine Knee Joint
Authors: Gamer Laura W , Pregizer Steven , Gamer Jackson , Feigenson Marina , Ionescu Andreia , Li Qing , Han Lin , Rosen Vicki 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key regulators of skeletal development, growth, and repair. Although BMP signaling is required for synovial joint formation and is also involved in preserving joint function after birth, the role of specific BMP ligands in adult joint homeostasis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to define the role of Bmp2 in the morphogenesis and maintenance of the knee joint. To do this, we first created Bmp2-LacZ and Gdf5-LacZ knock-in mice and compared their expression patterns in the developing and postnatal murine knee joint. We then generated a knockout mouse model using the Gdf5-cre transgene to specifically delete Bmp2 within synovial joint-forming cells. Joint formation, maturation, and homeostasis were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation to assess the cellular, molecular, and biomechanical changes in meniscus and articular cartilage. Bmp2 is expressed in the articular cartilage and meniscus of the embryonic and adult mouse knee in a pattern distinct from Gdf5. The knee joints of the Bmp2 knockout mice form normally but fail to mature properly. In the absence of Bmp2, the extracellular matrix and shape of the meniscus are altered, resulting in functional deficits in the meniscus and articular cartilage that lead to a progressive osteoarthritis (OA) like knee pathology as the animals age. These findings demonstrate that BMP activity provided by Bmp2 is required for the maturation and maintenance of the murine knee joint and reveal a unique role for Bmp2 that is distinct from Gdf5 in knee joint biology. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via inhibiting glycolysis and targeting AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yu , Tong Lin , Luo Yan , Li Xin , Chen Gaowen , Wang Yifeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAerobic glycolysis is an important metabolic rewiring in cancer cells to promote glucose uptake and lactate production, and targeting aerobic glycolysis becomes a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. Here we reported that a small polyphenol resveratrol exhibited profound anti‐tumor efficacy on human ovarian cancer. Resveratrol markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, while impaired glycolysis, and induced apoptosis in these cells. Exposure to resveratrol increased the expression and activation of AMPK and Caspase 3, and decreased the expression and activation of AMPK downstream kinase mTOR. Moreover, AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly abolished the effects of resveratrol on the activation of AMPK and Caspase 3 and the inhibition of mTOR. In addition, in vivo data indicated that resveratrol suppressed ovarian cancer growth and liver metastasis in xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, our findings provide new insight into the mechanism underlying anticancer efficacy of resveratrol and help the utilization of resveratrol as a novel agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Calmodulin antagonist enhances DR5‐mediated apoptotic signaling in TRA‐8 resistant triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Fancy Romone M. , Kim Harrison , Napier Tiara , Buchsbaum Donald J. , Zinn Kurt R. , Song Yuhua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have no successful “targeted” treatment modality, which represents a priority for novel therapy strategies. Upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) expression levels in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells enable TRA‐8, a DR5 specific agonistic antibody, to specifically target malignant cells for apoptosis without inducing normal hepatocyte apoptosis. Drug resistance is a common obstacle in TRAIL‐based therapy for TNBC. Calmodulin (CaM) is overexpressed in breast cancer. In this study, we characterized the novel function of CaM antagonist in enhancing TRA‐8 induced cytotoxicity in TRA‐8 resistant TNBC cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Results demonstrated that CaM antagonist(s) enhanced TRA‐8 induced cytotoxicity in a concentration and time‐dependent manner for TRA‐8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM directly bound to DR5 in a Ca2+ dependent manner, and CaM siRNA promoted DR5 recruitment of FADD and caspase‐8 for DISC formation and TRA‐8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis in TRA‐8 resistant TNBC cells. CaM antagonist, trifluoperazine, enhanced TRA‐8 activated DR5 oligomerization, DR5‐mediated DISC formation, and TRA‐8 activated caspase cleavage for apoptosis, and decreased anti‐apoptotic pERK, pAKT, XIAP, and cIAP‐1 expression in TRA‐8 resistant TNBC cells. These results suggest that CaM could be a key regulator to mediate DR5‐mediated apoptotic signaling, and suggests a potential strategy for using CaM antagonists to overcome drug resistance of TRAIL‐based therapy for TRA‐8 resistant TNBC.
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism change ectoenzyme activity in rat platelets
Authors: Baldissarelli Jucimara , Santi Adriana , Schmatz Roberta , Martins Caroline C. , Zanini Daniela , Reichert Karine P. , Thomé Gustavo R. , Palma Taís V. , da Costa Pauline , Morsch Vera M. , Schetinger Maria R.C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purinergic system has an important role in the regulation of vascular functions. The interference of thyroid hormones in this system and in cardiovascular events has been studied in recent years. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular, purinergic, and oxidative changes in thyroid disorders are not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess purinergic enzyme activity in platelets from rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism induced, respectively, by continuous exposure to methimazole (MMI) at 20 mg/100 mL or L‐thyroxine at 1.2 mg/100 mL in drinking water for 1 month. Results showed that rats exposed to L‐thyroxine had a significant decrease in NTPDase activity, wherein ATP hydrolysis was 53% lower and ADP hydrolysis was 40% lower. Moreover, ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase activity was decreased in both groups, by 39% in the hypothyroidism group and by 52% in the hyperthyroidism group. On the other hand, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was increased in hyperthyroidism (75%), and nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) activity was increased in animals with hypothyroidism (127%) and those with hyperthyroidism (128%). Our findings suggest that changes in purinergic enzyme and purine levels could contribute to the undesirable effects of thyroid disturbances. Moreover, oxidative stress and, in particular, a high level of ROS production, showed a causal relation with changes in ectonucleotidase activity and nucleotide and nucleoside levels.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Busulfan in Japanese Pediatric and Adult HCT Patients
Authors: Kawazoe Atsuko , Funaki Tomoo , Kim Seongryul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBusulfan is the most common chemotherapy agent used in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) conditioning regimens. As narrow therapeutic index and interpatient variability exists in the effectiveness and toxicity of conditioning regimens, personalizing intravenous busulfan therapy is desirable. Population pharmacokinetic‐based approaches have been applied to therapeutic drug monitoring for the purpose of personalizing therapy. A population pharmacokinetic analysis with the objective of personalizing therapy in Japanese patients was conducted by integrating pediatric patient data with adult patient data. McCune's model, a 2‐compartment model that includes maturation of clearance and allometric scaling of clearance and volume of distribution, was used for the analysis. McCune's model could precisely describe the Japanese data, and the estimated parameters were similar to McCune's results for non‐Japanese, indicating that there are no racial differences in busulfan pharmacokinetics. Using this model, the plasma concentrations for once‐daily dosing were simulated to adapt new dosage regimens for the benefit and convenience of both patients and medical staff. The predicted busulfan concentrations were within the therapeutic range.
Morphological and histological structure of the male reproductive system of the water strider Gerris lacustris (Linnaeus 1758) (Gerridae, Heteroptera)
Authors: Candan Selami , Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Suludere Zekiye 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work presents the male reproductive system morphology and histology of the water strider Gerris lacustris (Linnaeus 1758) (Gerridae, Heteroptera) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The male reproductive system of G. lacustris comprise of a pair of testes, two vasa deferentia, two seminal vesicles, an ejaculatory duct. There is no bulbus ejaculatorius and the long vas deferantia uniting to form a simple ductus ejaculatorius which is connected to the aedeagus. The testes are white colored and this cylindiric‐shaped structure lies along genital abdominal segment. The testicular follicles have three different development zones (growth zone, maturation zone, differentiation zone). Each testis has two follicles, which are not lined by a common peritoneal sheath and involving many cysts arranged in a progressive order of maturation from the distal to the proximal region; spermiogenesis occurs in mature males, finishing with the organization of sperm bundles. The testes are connected to the seminal vesicles, specialized sperm storage places, by the vas deferentia.
Effect of a filled adhesive as the desensitizer on bond strength of “Self‐Adhesive Cements To” differently severity of fluorosed dentin
Authors: Tan Yujie , Gu Mengqin , Li Wangyang , Guo Ling 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of a filled adhesive named Prime & Bond NT (P&B NT) as the dentin desensitizer in occluding fluorosis dentinal tubules and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of RelyX U200 self‐adhesive resin cement (RXU) and RelyX Luting self‐adhesive resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) before and after P&B NT pretreatment. 176 non‐carious fluorosis were classified into four subgroups by the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI): normal group (TFI = 0), mild group (TFI = 1–3), moderate group (TFI = 4–5), severe group (TFI = 6–9). 160 composite cylinders (4 × 5 mm) were fabricated, then every severity of fluorosed dentin was subjected to four treatments: P&B NT + RXU (n = 40), RXU (n = 40), P&B NT + RMGIC (n = 40), RMGIC (n = 40). The specimens were immersed in water at 37°C for 24 hr first and half of them underwent 5,000 thermocycling before shear bond strength test. A factorial design (factorial 4 × 2 × 2 × 2) was developed to make statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis (n = 16) in cross section and longitudinal section view characterized the occlusion situation of dentinal tubules. P&B NT might occlude dentinal tubules as the dentin desensitizer for normal teeth and mild‐moderate fluorosis. P&B NT significantly increased the SBS of RXU (p < .05) but had no statistical significance on the SBS of RMGIC (p > .05). RXU could benefit from P&B NT desensitization to achieve a better quality of adhesion.
Effects of natural blends of garlic and eucalypt essential oils on biogas production of four fibrous feeds at short‐term of incubation in the ruminal anaerobic biosystem
Authors: Elghandour Mona MY , Salem Mohamed ZM , Greiner Ralf , Salem Abdelfattah ZM 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study explored the effect of garlic and/or eucalypt oils on biogas production during in vitro ruminal fermentation of four agro industry byproducts. For this, 0–180 mg oil L–1 incubation medium was added and gas volumes were recorded from 2 to 48 h of incubation. Dry matter substrate degradability and neutral as well as acid detergent fibre were determined after 72 h.RESULTSGas production and nutrient degradability was oil type dependent. The oils enhanced (P < 0.05) biogas and asymptotic biogas production for corn stalks and oat straw, although no effect was observed on asymptotic biogas production for sorghum straw and sugarcane bagasse. Addition of both oils decreased (P < 0.05) fermentation pH for corn stalks, sorghum straw and oat straw and also increased (P < 0.05) dry matter degradability for all four byproducts. Neutral detergent fibre degradability for all byproducts was higher (P < 0.05) with garlic oil. Eucalypt oil, however, decreased (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre degradability for sugarcane bagasse and corn stalks, although only weak effects were observed for sorghum and oat straws.CONCLUSIONWith respect to ruminal biogas production, the addition of garlic oil showed better environmental effects than the addition of eucalypt oil and increasing oil concentrations resulted in enhanced fermentation characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of phthalates in beverages using multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersive solid‐phase extraction before HPLC–MS
Authors: González‐Sálamo Javier , Hernández‐Borges Javier , Afonso María del Mar , Rodríguez‐Delgado Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA microdispersive solid‐phase extraction method has been developed using multiwalled carbon nanotubes of 110–170 nm diameter and 5–9 μm length for the extraction of a group of nine phthalic acid esters (i.e., bis(2‐methoxyethyl) phthalate, bis‐2‐ethoxyethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, bis‐2‐n‐butoxyethyl phthalate, bis‐isopentyl phthalate, bis‐n‐pentyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate) from tap water as well as from different beverages commercialized in plastic bottles (mineral water, lemon‐ and apple‐flavored mineral water, and an isotonic drink). Determination was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The extraction procedure was optimized following a step‐by‐step approach, being the optimum extraction conditions: 50 mL of each sample at pH 6.0, 80 mg of sorbent, and 25 mL of acetonitrile as elution solvent. To validate the methodology, matrix‐matched calibration and a recovery study were developed, obtaining determination coefficients >0.9906 and absolute recovery values between 70 and 117% (with relative standard deviations < 17%) in all cases. The limits of quantification of the method were between 0.173 and 1.45 μg/L. After the evaluation of the matrix effects, real samples were also analyzed, finding butylbenzyl phthalate in all samples (except in apple‐flavored mineral water), though at concentrations below its limit of quantification of the method.
Preparative enantioseparation of loxoprofen precursor by recycling countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as a chiral selector
Authors: Zhang Hui , Qiu Xujun , Lv Liqiong , Sun Wenyu , Wang Chaoyue , Yan Jizhong , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecycling countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied to the resolution of 2‐(4‐bromomethylphenyl)propionic acid, a key synthetic intermediate for synthesis of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug loxoprofen, using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane/n‐butyl acetate/0.1 mol/L citrate buffer solution with pH 2.4 (8:2:10, v/v/v) was selected. Influence factors for the enantioseparation were optimized, including type of substituted β‐cyclodextrin, concentration of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, separation temperature, and pH of aqueous phase. Under optimized separation conditions, 50 mg of 2‐(4‐bromomethylphenyl)propionic acid was enantioseparated using preparative recycling countercurrent chromatography. Technical details for recycling elution mode were discussed. The purities of both the S and R enantiomers were over 99.0% as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The enantiomeric excess of the S and R enantiomers reached 98.0%. The recovery of the enantiomers from eluted fractions was 40.8–65.6%, yielding 16.4 mg of the S enantiomer and 10.2 mg of the R enantiomer. At the same time, we attempted to enantioseparate the anti‐inflammatory drug loxoprofen by countercurrent chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography using a chiral mobile phase additive. However, no successful enantioseparation was achieved so far.