bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA CURRICULUM PROGRAM FOR BASIC AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TO ANSWER THE DEMAND OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sakti K. Aprilia , Fahrurrozi Andi 
Published: October 2019

The high demand of aircraft maintenance technicians in Indonesia, present challenges to higher education practitioners. In 2015, Indonesia requires at least 6500 aircraft maintenance technicians as the estimated number of active technicians in 2015 is about 3700 technicians, and the number is decreasing due to the retirement. Current institutions which offer the education and training program have the capability to train up to 840 technicians. The Department of Aeronautical Engineering, University of Suryadarma, has redesigned the curriculum and syllabi of the program to match the needs of the aircraft maintenance industry. The approach is to introduce the standard competency, as required by the industry, in accordance with the framework of curriculum standard design for the diploma program. The industry standard competency for aircraft maintenance technician is based on the CASR (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations) Part 147 and, CASR Part 65 recommended by DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation), the Ministry of Transportation of The Republic of Indonesia, and ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Document 7192. The Framework of curriculum design for diploma program is following the Republic of Indonesian Law No. 12 of 2012 for Higher Education, Presidential Decree of The Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2012 for IQF (Indonesian Qualification Framework). This paper presents the recommended expected learning outcome and operational curriculum that satisfies the standard competency of aircraft maintenance technician, within the framework of standard curriculum design for the diploma program.
THE IMPROVED BPNN-NAR AND BPNN-NARMA MODELS ON MALAYSIAN AGGREGATE COST INDICES WITH OUTLYING DATA
Authors: Ahmad Kamaruddin Saadi , Md Ghani Nor Azura , Mohamed Ramli Norazan 
Published: October 2019

Neurocomputing have been adapted in time series forecasting arena, but the presence of outliers that usually occur in data time series may be harmful to the data network training. This is because the ability to automatically find out any patterns without prior assumptions and loss of generality. In theory, the most common training algorithm for Backpropagation algorithms leans on reducing ordinary least squares estimator (OLS) or more specifically, the mean squared error (MSE). However, this algorithm is not fully robust when outliers exist in training data, and it will lead to false forecast future value. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new algorithm that manipulate algorithms firefly on least median squares estimator (FFA-LMedS) for Backpropagation neural network nonlinear autoregressive (BPNN-NAR) and Backpropagation neural network nonlinear autoregressive moving (BPNN-NARMA) models to reduce the impact of outliers in time series data. The performances of the proposed enhanced models with comparison to the existing enhanced models using M-estimators, Iterative LMedS (ILMedS) and Particle Swarm Optimization on LMedS (PSO-LMedS) are done based on root mean squared error (RMSE) values which is the main highlight of this paper. In the meanwhile, the real-industrial monthly data of Malaysian Aggregate cost indices data set from January 1980 to December 2012 (base year 1980=100) with different degree of outliers problem is adapted in this research. At the end of this paper, it was found that the enhanced BPNN-NARMA models using M-estimators, ILMedS and FFA-LMedS performed very well with RMSE values almost zero errors. It is expected that the findings would assist the respected authorities involve in Malaysian construction projects to overcome cost overruns.
SOL-GEL (3-MERCAPTOPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE-METHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE AS ADSORBENT FOR STIR BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION OF SELECTED ORGANIC DYES
Authors: Abu Bakar Nur Atiqah , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Sanagi Mohd Marsin 
Published: October 2019

A new sol-gel hybrid silica-based (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane-methyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMOS-MTMOS) in the ratio of 3:1 was synthesized and applied as an adsorbent in stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of three selected polar organic dyes from water sample. Three organic dyes were used as test analytes namely crystal violet, methyl orange and methylene blue. Analysis of the organic dyes was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Optimum extraction conditions was achieved using 50 min extraction time, 240 rpm stirring rate, ultrasonic aided desorption for 15 min using 3 mL methanol and sample solution at pH 4 with addition of 5% (w/v) NaCl. The sol-gel hybrid MPTMOS-MTMOS showed better extraction efficiency (based on absorbance) for the selected organic dyes compared to commercial ethylene-glycol/silicone Twister™ stir bar. Limit of detection obtained was in the range 0.34 -0.75 µg mL-1 (S/N = 3) and linear range achieved was 10 order of magnitude (1.0-10 µg mL-1). The developed sol-gel hybrid material showed high potential as an alternative adsorbent for SBSE of organic dyes. MPTMOS-MTMOS SBSE was successfully applied for simultaneous analysis of three organic dyes from river water with good recovery.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF ION BEAM IN NX2 PLASMA FOCUS FOR DIFFERENT APPLIED VOLTAGE
Authors: Nawi Nina Diana , Ong Shu Teik , Ali Jalil , Chaudhary Kashif , Bahadoran Mahdi , Daud Suzairi 
Published: October 2019

Plasma focus device gives simultaneous interaction between magnetic and electric field which results in exhibiting multi-radiation properties. Ion beam radiates from the system is significant for experimenting target material of interest in plasma focus research. Lee code model is used to simulate the numerical experiments on NX2-plasma focus device system using different applied voltage in the range 10 to 14 kV. The system is operating in Neon filled at an optimum pressure depending on the applied voltage used in the experiment. Results obtained are analysed and fitted with the experimental results for system validation. Good fitting on the numerical with the experimental results is obtained by incorporating mass shedding effects and current shedding factor. The range of current density obtained is in the range 1.6x108 to 7.3x109 Am-2 whilst the maximum ion beam energy is estimated to be 156 J
INTELLIGENT SEGMENTATION OF FRUIT IMAGES USING AN INTEGRATED THRESHOLDING AND ADAPTIVE K-MEANS METHOD (TSNKM)
Authors: Hambali Hamirul ’Aini , Syed Abdullah Sharifah Lailee , Jamil Nursuriati , Harun Hazaruddin 
Published: October 2019

Recent years, vision-based fruit grading system is gaining importance in fruit classification process. In developing the fruit grading system, image segmentation is required for analyzing the fruit objects automatically. Image segmentation is a process that divides a digital image into separate regions with the aim to obtain only the interest objects and remove the background. Currently, there are several segmentation techniques which have been used in object identification such as thresholding and clustering techniques. However, the conventional techniques have difficulties in segmenting fruit images which captured under natural illumination due to the existence of non-uniform illumination on the object surface. The presence of different illuminations influences the appearance of the interest objects and thus misleads the object analysis. Therefore, this research has produced an innovative segmentation algorithm for fruit images which is able to increase the segmentation accuracy. The developed algorithm is an integration of modified thresholding and adaptive K-means method. The integration of both methods is required to increase the segmentation accuracy for fruits images with different surface colour. The results showed that the innovative method is able to segment the fruits images with high accuracy value,
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST BLOCK MOLD FOR COPPER ALLOY CASTING
Authors: Mohd Nor Siti Zaleha , Ismail Romzee , Ahmad Sahrim , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin , Mohamad Isa Mohd Ikmar Nizam 
Published: October 2019

Suitable block mold formulations for copper alloy casting have been developed and the formulations used were 25% plaster of paris (POP), 75% silica sand and 31-37% water. Silica sand with a grain size of 106-212 µm was added into dilute suspension of POP and the mixing process was continued until a thick slurry (mixture) was obtained. It has been found that the mixing time of molding materials was highly depended on the type of plaster and optimum slurry viscosity around the diameter of 7.7 – 9.6 cm (slump test) was essential to ensure that the wax pattern could be fully invested. In the dewaxing process, the mold was subjected to the temperature of 170oC for 3 hours and burnout process was effectively achieved by heating the molds at 750oC for 5 hours. The pouring process was successfully carried out without any leakage and it was found that all molds can be easily broken under a force of a hammer. The developed mold also able to produce fully formed of casting without any major defects such as misrun, fin or flash and rat tail, which can be associated with inadequate mold temperature, mold cracks and the separation of mold’s material respectively.
ULTRASOUND LOCAL HEATING IMPROVE FOETAL PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN MATERNAL HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Hashim Ummi Farhana , Md Dom Sulaiman 
Published: October 2019

Parathyroid disorder associated with hypercalcemia during pregnancy reduces the normal foetal growth, skeletal mineralization and serum calcium concentration. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of birth loss and foetal postpartum complications which includes intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neonatal hypocalcaemia, tetany and still-birth. Human and animal study exhibit benefits from local hyperthermia induced by ultrasound exposure. Ten-month-old primiparous New Zealand White (NZW) does were assigned into three different groups; control (C), healthy NZW does and free from ultrasound insonation; hyperparathyroidism (HPT), a positive control group having hypercalcemia conditions established through administering phosphate intravenously for 5 months and free from parathyroid ultrasound insonation; treatment (T), an experimental group experiencing hypercalcemia condition and receiving parathyroid ultrasound insonation during pregnancy as intervention to hyperparathyroidism. In treatment group rabbit were exposed for 30, 60 and 90 minutes of parathyroid ultrasound exposure on 1st, 2nd and 3rd gestational stage accordingly. Following birth, foetal serum calcium (SCa), body weight (BW), crown-to-rump length (CRL), total body length (TBL), bi-parietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) of the foetal were measured. Maternal hypercalcemia during pregnancy produced small to gestational age (SGA) progeny with significant reduction of BW, CRL, TBL, BPD, FL and SCa compared to normal. While the outcome of ultrasound exposure given during middle 2nd gestational stage resulted in significantly increase in progeny mean average BW, CRL, TBL, BPD FL and SCa compared to HPT group. Ultrasound induced local heating demonstrated an improved in the physiological development of progeny in the cases of maternal hypercalcemia condition.
WEIGHT ESTIMATION METHOD IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT IN MALAYSIA: IS BROSELOW TAPE (BT) RELIABLE?
Authors: Sahar Mohd Azmani , Nordin Norsham Juliana , Mohd Nor Ahmad Tajuddin , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan 
Published: October 2019

Broselow tape is a well-established medical equipment to estimate body weight with pre-calculated drug dosages and emergency equipment sizes. The aim of this study is to determine whether weight estimation based on Broselow Tape corresponds to the actual weight of pediatric population in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of BT usage in pediatric population attending the emergency department. A total of 1163 children attended emergency department at green zone were approached to be the sampling frame. BT weight estimation colour code was determined based on the colour which the child’s heel fell on the tape. Scatter plot was done to determine the range of actual weight scattered around the range of BT. Bland-Altman plot was used to identify the bias relation between the BT and actual weight measurement. In our population, the BT was an ineffective method to predict weight of pediatric patients with body length of <0.6m and >0.9m. Incorrect estimation of children weight leads toward poor clinical judgment. Therefore, clear indication of the BT limitations should be addressed before using the method as part of emergency department standard operating procedure for management of pediatric patients.
EFFECTS OF WETTING TIME ON PROPERTIES OF STEEL-ALUMINIUM BRAZED JOINT
Authors: Rahman M. A. I. A. , Omar M. Z. , Abdullah S. , Sajuri Z. , Zamri W. F. H. , Muhamed M. N. , Abdullah M. F. 
Published: October 2019

The brazing of 1080 steel to 6063 aluminium alloy was conducted under various wetting time to investigate the properties of the joint. Generally, joining of steel to aluminium using high temperature joining method can cause formations of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds that reduce the strength of joint. Brazing wetting time were varied to observe the effect of this parameter to the shear strength and microstructure at the interface of brazed joint. Shear testing showed that the strength of joint with brazing time of 5 to 15 minutes have exceeded the strength of the 6063 aluminium alloy. Microstructure analysis revealed that brazing with 15 minutes wetting time has better joining profile at interface between the steel and aluminium alloy than the other wetting durations. Optimization of the brazing wetting time improved the strength of brazed joint by minimizing the formation of brittle layer within the join interface.
DRIVERS’ READINESS TO USE CAR DRIVING SIMULATOR AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE DRIVING SKILL: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Ismail Rozmi , Md Saad Mohamad Hanif , Mohd Nor Mohd Jailani , Rosli Redzwan 
Published: October 2019

Driving simulators have existed since the 1960s, but for a long time they remained too expensive to be used widely for training purposes. As IT related technology improved, the cost of driving simulators goes down in the last few years. Today, driving simulators have been used as a training device in the basic driver training. In developed countries the use of simulator in driving education is not new. In Malaysia, however, the use of simulators in training is quite new compared to other Asian countries. This paper presents the results of preliminary study on the readiness of Malaysian driver to use car driving simulator in training and education prior to driver licensing. Survey method was used to get information on drivers’ perception toward the introduction of driving simulator in selected driving institutes. The results of this study showed that all respondents agreed on the importance and usefulness of the driving simulator in improving the driving training process. Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that driving simulator should be implemented in the driving curriculum in order to produce competent driver.
DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE AND VIBRATION EXPOSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MALAYSIAN ARMY (MA) THREE-TONNE TRUCKS
Authors: Ab Aziz Shamsul Akmar , Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Mohd Nor Mohd Jailani 
Published: October 2019

Exposure to noise and vibration in the driver’s cabin of Malaysian Army (MA) three-tonne trucks can cause discomfort to the drivers and passengers, and can be classified as hazardous if exposed to more than the standard 8 h time period. This study was conducted for two different road conditions often used by MA vehicles; tarmac and dirt roads. Noise exposure was measured using a DuO sound level meter, which is capable of recording raw sound pressure in Pa. Whole-body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV) were measured using a Brüel&Kjær Type 3649 vibration analyser, which is capable to record WBV and HAV raw data from the driver’s seat and steering wheel. All the raw data was analysed using the Integrated Kurtosis-Based Algorithm for Z-Notch Filter (I-kazTM). Depending on the type of signal, an exposure model was developed for each measured parameter, with I-kazTM used for noise, I-kaz 3D for WBV and I-kaz Vibro for HAV. With reference to the limits from the respective international standards, a noise and vibration monitoring system for MA three-tonne trucks was then developed.
MONITORING THE FLANK WEAR USING PIEZOELECTRIC OF ROTATING TOOL OF MAIN CUTTING FORCE IN END MILLING
Authors: Tahir N.H.M. , Muhammad R. , Ghani J. A. , Nuawi M. Z. , Haron C. H. C. 
Published: October 2019

Tool condition monitoring (TCM) system in the industry are mainly used to detect tool wear, breakage and chatter on the tool. Tool wear of AISI P20 under various cutting conditions have been investigated in end milling using cutting force signals due flank wear progression. This study is focused on the piezoelectric sensor system which is integrated on rotating cutting tool for tool wear monitoring system in milling process. The signal captured by piezoelectric sensors are analyzed in time and frequency domain. The signal amplitudes of main cutting force, Fc in time domain are increased, while the peak of the amplitude in frequency domain is decreased as the flank wear and cutting speed increases. By using 3D I-kazTM statistical analysis method, the relationship and correlation between I-kaz coefficients, Z∞ values with resultant flank wear width data, VB are proved. The results show that 3D I-kazTM statistical analysis method can be effectively used to monitor tool wear progression using a wireless telemetry system during milling operations.
RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE CRANKSHAFT UNDER RANDOM LOADING
Authors: Singh S.S.K. , Abdullah S. , Mohamed N.A.N. 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the stochastic process for reliability assessment based on the fatigue life data under random loading for structural health monitoring of an automobile crankshaft due tofatigue failure. This is based on reported failure of the component due to the effect of the random loads that acts on the component during its operating condition over a given period of time. Since there are significant limitations of the experimental analysis in terms of actual loading history, therefore, the reliability assessment is considered to be less accurate. Hence, the reliability assessment based on fatigue life data using the Markov process by incorporating loading data to synthetically generate loading history has been proposed in this study. The Markov process has the capability of continuously updating the loading history data to reduce the intervals between each data point for reliability assessment based on the fatigue life data. The accuracy of the proposed monitoring system for reliability assessment was validated through its statistical method. The reliability assessment from the Markov process corresponded well by providing an accuracy of more than 95% when compared towards the actual sampling data. The reliability of the crankshaft based on the fatigue life assessment provides a highly accurate for the improvement and control of risk factors in terms of structural health monitoring by overcoming the extensive time and cost required for fatigue testing
Influence of pluvial lake cycles on earthquake recurrence in the northwestern Basin and Range, USA
Authors: Egger Anne E. , Ibarra Daniel E. , Weldon Ray , Langridge Robert M. , Marion* Brian , Hall† Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Basin and Range hosted large pluvial lakes during the Pleistocene, which generally reached highstands following the Last Glacial Maximum and then regressed rapidly to near-modern levels. These lakes were large and deep enough to profoundly affect the crust through flexure; they filled basins formed by faults, and they locally modified pore pressure and groundwater conditions. A compilation of geochronologic constraints on paleoshorelines and paleoseismicity suggests temporal correlations between lake level and earthquake recurrence, with changes in earthquake rates as lakes regressed. In the northwestern Basin and Range, climatic and tectonic conditions differ from the rest of the province: The modern and glacial climate is/was cooler and wetter, glacial lakes were proportionally larger, and the crustal strain rate is lower. Numerous valleys host late Pleistocene and Holocene fault scarps and evidence of &gt;Mw 7 earthquakes in the last 15,000 yr. We compiled detailed lake hydrographs, timing of earthquakes and slip on faults, and other climatic and crustal data from Surprise Valley, Summer Lake, and the Fort Rock basin, along with additional data from other basins in the northwestern Basin and Range. We also present new mapping and topographic analysis of fault scarps that provides relative age constraints on the timing of slip events. Our results confirm temporal correlations, but the limited length of the paleoseismic record prevents definitive causation on the scale of the individual fault or lake basin. Taken together, however, data from all basins suggest that the faults in the northwestern Basin and Range could be acting as a system, with pluvial lake cycles affecting elastic strain accumulation and release across the region.
Prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors among a group of sub-Saharan African young adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Nansseu Jobert Richie , Kameni Bibiane Siaheu , Assah Felix Kembe , Bigna Jean Joel , Petnga Saint-Just , Tounouga Dahlia Noelle , Tchokfe Ndoula Shalom , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Kamgno Joseph 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence estimates of some major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young adult-aged population living in Yaoundé, Cameroon.DesignA cross-sectional study held from May to July 2017.SettingParticipantsStudents aged 18–35 years, with no known history of CVD, found at the campus during recruitment and who voluntarily agreed to be included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected on personal and family history as well as lifestyle and nutritional habits; anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Prevalence rates were calculated with their respective 95% CI.ResultsOverall, 931 participants (53.8% males) were included, with a median age of 23 years (IQR 21–25). The prevalence estimates for some major CVD risk factors were: 3.1% (95% CI 2.0 to 4.2) for family history of heart attack, 6.3% (95% CI 4.7 to 7.9) for family history of stroke, 26.7% (95% CI 23.9 to 29.5) for hazardous alcohol consumption, 0.9% (95% 0.3 to 1.5) for current tobacco smoking, 27.6% (95% CI 24.7 to 30.5) for secondhand smoking, 88.9% (95% CI 86.9 to 90.9) for physical inactivity, 99.0% (95% CI 98.4 to 99.6) for inadequate fruits and/or vegetables consumption, 39.8% (95% CI 36.7 to 42.9) for self-reported anxiety, 49.2% (95% CI 46.0 to 52.4) for self-reported depression, 22.1% (95% CI 19.4 to 24.8) for overweight, 3.9% (95% CI 2.7 to 5.1) for obesity, 14.4% (95% CI 12.1 to 16.7) for abdominal obesity, 14.5% (95% CI 12.2 to 16.8) for excess body fat mass, 30.0% (95% CI 27.1 to 32.9) for suspected prehypertension and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9) for suspected hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of some major CVD risk factors is high among young adults living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Therefore, specific actions should be undertaken in this population to mitigate the upcoming burden of CVD. Accordingly, younger-aged adult populations should be encouraged and accompanied to practice physical activity, eat healthily, and stop or avoid smoking and/or hazardous alcohol consumption.