bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School psychology graduate education retention research characteristics: Implications for diversity initiatives in the profession
Authors: Proctor Sherrie L. , Owens Courtney 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLack of racial and ethnic diversity in the school psychology workforce has been a concern since the profession's inception. One solution is to graduate more racially and ethnically diverse individuals from school psychology programs. This structured review explored the characteristics of studies published from 1994 to 2017 that investigated graduate student retention and school psychology. An electronic search that included specified databases, subject terms, and study inclusion criteria along with a manual search of 10 school psychology journals yielded two published, peer‐reviewed studies focused primarily on graduate student retention and school psychology over the 23‐year span. Two researchers coded the studies using a rigorous coding process with high inter‐rater reliability. Findings suggest that mostly Black and White individuals served as participants, undergraduate students represented the largest group sampled, and key school psychology stakeholders’ views were missing. Additionally, programs interested in retaining racially and ethnically diverse students should have a commitment to multicultural issues, expose students to diverse professional networks and mentorship, and cultivate an inclusive program environment. Implications point to a need for more studies focused on school psychology graduate student retention in general and in specific relation to retaining racial and ethnic minoritized students.
Teachers' self‐efficacy in bullying interventions and their probability of intervention
Authors: Fischer Saskia M. , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTeacher intervention is an important factor in stopping bullying. Several studies indicate that teachers who believe they are capable of stopping bullying intervene more often in bullying. But this finding has only been based on hypothetical situations. It remains unclear if these results can be replicated in bullying interventions that the teachers actually performed. In addition, some studies claim that self‐efficacy is only connected to teacher intervention in direct forms of bullying, rather than indirect forms. In the current study, teachers' self‐efficacy in bullying interventions and the probability that they will intervene is investigated using self‐reported real‐life bullying situations in a sample of German teachers. Results show that teachers who feel more confident in dealing with bullying report intervening more often in bullying episodes they observed. Teacher training should include discussions of real‐life experiences to promote teachers' self‐efficacy beliefs and increase the probability of teacher intervention.
Huber Inventory of Trainee Self‐efficacy: Assessment of measurement models
Authors: Lockwood Adam B. , Gross Thomas J. , Farmer Ryan L. , Loke Stephen W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to further examine the factor structure of the Huber Inventory of Trainee Self‐Efficacy (HITS), a measure of school psychology trainee self‐efficacy. Lockwood et al. (2017, Psychol. Sch., Vol. 54, pp. 655–670) extant data set, collected from 520 school psychology trainees, was utilized. Four measurement models were examined for model fit and factor loadings. Of the four models, a bifactor model with a single latent general self‐efficacy (GSE) and latent domain‐specific factors (i.e., Multidimensional Assessment Skills, Counseling Skills, Professional Interpersonal Skills, and Research Skills) was the most parsimonious. However, standardized loadings indicated that all practice‐related items loaded more significantly onto GSE than their domain‐specific factors, indicating the utility of GSE for practice‐related skills. Of note, the Research Skills factor displayed greater domain‐specific loadings than general loadings. These findings suggest that GSE may be the best indicator of trainee self‐efficacy, though a two‐factor model that represents practical skills versus research skills may also be appropriate. Additionally, reliability scores indicate that subscale interpretation may also be reasonable. Limitations, implications for trainers of school psychologists, and for future research directions are discussed.
Bringing historical British Population Census records into the 21st century: A method for geocoding households and individuals at their early‐20th‐century addresses
Authors: Walford Nigel Stephen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncreased use of geographical information systems (GISs) for social scientific research has highlighted the analytical possibilities offered by unlocking historical data sources that are impractical with contemporary data. Genealogists and social scientific researchers have used information relating to individuals, households, and their addresses contained in the British historical census records for a number of years. This article takes geographical exploration of these a stage further by developing a method of attaching grid references to the census addresses, thereby opening up new research possibilities including spatial analysis. The resultant geocoded census data enable address‐, household‐, and individual‐level historical research and aggregation to contemporary and historical spatial units for exploration of demographic and socio‐economic change. The paper focuses on the development of a method of geocoding 1901 and 1911 Census data in respect of six study areas in the historical counties of London and Middlesex with over 260,000 individuals within some 60,000 households or communal establishments in both 1901 and 1911. Successful semi‐automated matching of historical census addresses with a contemporary address database is related to population density, change from property naming to numbering, residential development, thoroughfare name changes, and transcription error. Complete geocoding was completed by manual digitising with the aid of ancillary information sources and geographical information embedded in census records. The method outlined has the potential to be replicated in other areas and be adapted to use with other contemporary address databases that contain grid references. The paper outlines the factors that would influence transferability of the geocoding method.
On the hypothesized outflow control of tropical cyclone intensification
Authors: Montgomery Michael T. , Persing John , Smith Roger K. 
Published: January 2019

We present idealized, three‐dimensional, convection‐permitting numerical experiments to evaluate the premise of the revised theory of tropical cyclone intensification proposed by Emanuel, . The premise is that small‐scale turbulence in the upper tropospheric outflow layer determines the thermal stratification of the outflow and, in turn, an amplification of the system‐scale tangential wind field above the boundary layer. The aim of our article is to test whether parametrized small‐scale turbulence in the outflow region of a developing storm is an essential process in the spin‐up of the maximum tangential winds.Compared with the control experiment, in which the small‐scale, shear‐stratified turbulence is parametrized in the usual way based on a Richardson number criterion, the vortex in a calculation without a parametrized representation of vertical mixing above the boundary layer has similar evolution of intensity. Richardson number near‐criticality is found mainly in the upper‐level outflow. However, the present solutions indicate that eddy processes in the eyewall play a significant role in determining the structure of moist entropy surfaces in the upper‐level outflow. In the three‐dimensional model, these eddy processes are largely realizations of asymmetric deep convection and are not obviously governed by any Richardson‐number‐based criterion. The experiments do not support the premise on which the new theory is based. The results would appear to have ramifications for recent studies that invoke the new theory.
An automated laser fluorination technique for high‐precision analysis of three oxygen isotopes in silicates
Authors: Kim Nak Kyu , Kusakabe Minoru , Park Changkun , Lee Jong Ik , Nagao Keisuke , Enokido Yuma , Yamashita Shigeru , Park Sun Young 
Published: January 2019

RationaleThe three oxygen isotopes in terrestrial/extraterrestrial silicates can provide geochemical and cosmochemical information about their origin and secondary processes that result from isotopic exchange. A laser fluorination technique has been widely used to extract oxygen from silicates for δ17O and δ18O measurements by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Continued improvement of the techniques is still important for high‐precision measurement of oxygen‐isotopic ratios.MethodsWe adopted an automated lasing technique to obtain reproducible fluorination of silicates using a CO2 laser‐BrF5 fluorination system connected online to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The automated lasing technique enables us to perform high‐precision analysis of the three oxygen isotopes of typical reference materials (e.g., UWG2 garnet, NBS28 quartz and San Carlos olivine) and in‐house references (mid‐ocean ridge basalt glass and obsidian). The technique uses a built‐in application of laser control with which the laser power can be varied in a programmed manner with a defocused beam which is in a fixed position.ResultsThe oxygen isotope ratios of some international reference materials analyzed by the manual lasing technique were found to be isotopically lighter with wider variations in δ18O values, whereas those measured by the automated lasing technique gave better reproducibility (less than 0.2‰, 2SD). The Δ17O values, an excess of the δ17O value relative to the fractionation line, also showed high reproducibility (±0.02‰, 2SD).ConclusionsThe system described herein provides high‐precision δ17O and δ18O measurements of silicate materials. The use of the automated lasing technique followed by careful and controlled purification procedures is preferred to achieve satisfactory isotopic ratio results.
Adaptive aperiodically intermittent control for pinning synchronization of directed dynamical networks
Authors: Cheng Liyan , Qiu Jianlong , Chen Xiangyong , Zhang Ancai , Yang Chengdong , Chen Xiao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the pinning synchronization of directed complex network with time‐varying delay under the adaptive aperiodically intermittent control. First, the model of a directed complex network is established, the interaction graph of which is not required to contain a directed spanning tree, and for which an adaptive aperiodically intermittent feedback controller is well designed. In addition, based on the Lyapunov function method and linear matrix inequality technique, several asymptotical synchronization criteria are derived via an aperiodically intermittent strategy, which is superior to the periodical scheme. Moreover, the adaptive strategy providing the exponential convergence rate and the pinning algorithm demonstrating how to select pinned nodes are presented. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived theoretical results.
Do you see what I‐SEA? A Rasch analysis of the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Student Evolution Acceptance
Authors: Sbeglia Gena C. , Nehm Ross H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheoretical perspectives and empirical research suggest that acceptance of evolution may be contingent upon what is evolving (e.g., plants vs. humans) and the scale of change (microevolution vs. macroevolution). The Inventory of Student Evolution Acceptance (I‐SEA) is the only instrument designed to measure acceptance at different evolutionary scales and in different evolutionary contexts. Nevertheless, current validity testing for this instrument remains limited and grounded in Classical Test Theory. In this study, we examine patterns of evolution acceptance using the I‐SEA instrument in a large sample of undergraduates (n > 2,000 participants) from six semesters of an evolution‐focused biology class. We examine three research questions: (RQ1) Does Rasch analysis support the psychometric properties of the I‐SEA discussed by Nadelson and Southerland? (RQ2) How variable are I‐SEA measures across semesters, and are they sensitive to evolution instruction? (RQ3) Are I‐SEA measures comparable to evolution acceptance measures produced by the Generalized Acceptance of EvolutioN Evaluation? Our empirical results support theoretical claims that evolution acceptance does not appear to be a unidimensional construct among novice learners. We identify limitations of the I‐SEA and recommend multiple modifications to improve instrument quality.
Science and language integration with English learners: A conceptual framework guiding instructional materials development
Authors: Lee Okhee , Llosa Lorena , Grapin Scott , Haas Alison , Goggins Marcelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to present a conceptual framework that integrates science and language learning for all students, including English learners (ELs). This framework is grounded in the mutually supportive nature of science instructional shifts, spurred by A Framework for K‐12 Science Education (National Research Council, 2012. A framework for K‐12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), and language instructional shifts, informed by contemporary thinking in second language acquisition. First, we describe the conceptual framework that consists of our perspective and design principles. Then, we describe one approach for using the conceptual framework to develop NGSS‐aligned instructional materials that promote science and language learning with elementary students, including ELs. Finally, we offer implications for future research for our own design research specifically and for the field more broadly. The conceptual framework highlights how substantive collaboration between content areas, such as science, and the field of EL education can help ensure that all students, and ELs in particular, are supported in meeting rigorous content standards while developing proficiency in English.
Challenges Toward the Identification of Predictive Markers for Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Chondrogenic Potential
Authors: Stüdle Chiara , Occhetta Paola , Geier Florian , Mehrkens Arne , Barbero Andrea , Martin Ivan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) represent a putative cell source candidate for tissue engineering-based strategies to repair cartilage and bone. However, traditional isolation of BMSCs by adhesion to plastic leads to very heterogeneous cell populations, accounting for high variability of chondrogenic differentiation outcome, both across donors and across clonally derived strains. Identification of putative surface markers able to select BMSC subpopulations with higher chondrogenic capacity (CC) and reduced variance in chondrogenic differentiation could aid the development of BMSC-based cartilage and bone regeneration approaches. With the goal to identify predictive markers for chondrogenic BMSC populations, we assessed the gene expression profile of single cell-derived clones with high and low CC. While a clustering between high and low CC clones was observed for one donor, donor-to-donor variability hampered the possibility to achieve conclusive results when different donors were considered. Nevertheless, increased NCAM1/CD56 expression correlated in clones derived from one donor with higher CC, the same trend was observed for three additional donors (even if no significance was achieved). Enriching multiclonal BMSCs for CD56+ expression led to an increase in CC, though still highly affected by donor-to-donor variability. Our study finally suggests that definition of predictive marker(s) for BMSCs chondrogenesis is challenged by the large donor heterogeneity of these cells, and by the high complexity and plasticity of the BMSCs system. Multiple pathways and external parameters may be indeed involved in determining the chondrogenic potential of BMSCs, making the identification of putative markers still an open issue. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:194&11
Directed Self‐Assembly of Templatable Block Copolymers by Easily Accessible Magnetic Control
Authors: Yue Bingbing , Jin Xin , Zhao Pei , Zhu Mingjie , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMagnetic control has been a prosperous and powerful contactless approach in arraying materials into high‐order nanostructures. However, it is tremendously difficult to control organic polymers in this way on account of the weak magnetic response. The preparation of block copolymers (BCPs) with high magnetostatic energy is reported here, relying on an effective electrostatic coupling between paramagnetic ions and polymer side chains. As a result, the BCPs undergo a magnetically directed self‐assembly to form microphase‐segregated nanostructures with long‐range order. It is emphasized that such a precisely controlled alignment of the BCPs is performed upon a single commercial magnet with low‐intensity field (0.35 Tesla). This strategy is profoundly easy‐to‐handle in contrast to routine electromagnetic methods with high‐intensity field (5–10 Tesla). More significantly, the paramagnetic metal component in the BCP samples can be smartly removed, providing a template effect with a preservation of the directed self‐assembled nanofeatures for patterning follow‐up functionalized species through the original binding site.
Hydrophobic Functionalization of Polyacrylic Acid as a Versatile Platform for the Development of Polymer Lipid Nanodisks
Authors: Hardin Nathaniel Z. , Ravula Thirupathi , Mauro Giacomo Di , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolymer nanodisks have shown great potential as membrane mimetics that enable the study of functional membrane protein structural biology and also have a wider application in other fields such as drug delivery. To achieve these research goals, the ability to have a cheap, simple, fully customizable platform for future nanodisks technology applications is paramount. Here, a facile functionalization of polyacrylic acid (PAA) with varying hydrophobic groups that form nanodisks at different sizes is successfully demonstrated. The study shows that the choice of hydrophobic group can have a noticeable effect on the polymer solubilization properties and polymer‐induced perturbation to the encased lipid bilayer. Due to this robust, tunable chemical synthesis method, PAA is an exciting platform for the future optimization of the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or direct purposed functionalizations for polymer nanodisks.
Controlling Structural Transformation of Polyelectrolyte Films for Spatially Encapsulating Functional Species
Authors: Chen Xia‐Chao , Huang Wei‐Pin , Hu Mi , Ren Ke‐Feng , Ji Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough many approaches have been developed to encapsulate functional species into polyelectrolyte films, few of them can effectively control the final distribution of these ones. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to spatially control the encapsulation of guest species by locally regulating the structural transformation of polyelectrolyte films. Patterned porosity is created within a film by cross‐linking it selectively and then immersing it in an acidic solution. These porous regions can exhibit significantly different properties from other regions, including the ability to wick solution, a greater retention of guest species, and the capability of structural transformation. After loading guest species, the porous structures can be eliminated at saturated humidity to encapsulate the guest species into the film, leading to their patterned distribution across the film. Based on this method, various guest species, ranging from fluorescent dyes to nanoparticles, can be locally encapsulated into polyelectrolyte film, forming distinct patterns of arbitrary shapes and sizes and thus paving the way for further applications.
Paramonoclimacis sidjachenkoi (Obut & Sobolevskaya) and the evolution of the streptograptid thecal aperture in the Silurian (Graptolithina, Monograptidae)
Authors: Maletz Jörg , Melchin Michael J. , Bullock Peter , Russel‐Houston Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChemically isolated specimens of two species of the lower Silurian (Llandovery, mid–upper Aeronian) biform monograptid genus Paramonoclimacis, from Arctic Canada, show tubarium features evolutionarily linking it to the Streptograptus clade. The tubaria, coiled dorsally in the proximal end, show a number of streptograptid thecae with the distinct nozzle of a typical species of Streptograptus. Median thecae retain the nozzle, but are modified first into a wide, proximally directed flange with a shortened hook, while the ventral lobes are reduced. Distally, the thecal apertures form a strong ventral hood and two lateral lobes as an extension of the dorsal wall of the metatheca and not as a secondary construction or addition to a geniculum. The proximal streptograptid thecae of Paramonoclimacis may indicate the evolution of the Streptograptus clade through a Paramonoclimacis ancestor. The cupulae were previously thought to be restricted to the Streptograptus clade but are now also found in some species of Paramonoclimacis. There is a close connection between Paramonoclimacis and the genera Pribylograptus and Pernerograptus in the construction of complexly developed thecae and biform tubaria.
Boron Subphthalocyanines and Silicon Phthalocyanines for Use as Active Materials in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Grant Trevor M. , Josey David S. , Sampson Kathleen L. , Mudigonda Thanmayee , Bender Timothy P. , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have experienced continued interest over the last 25 years as a viable technology for the generation of power. Phthalocyanines are among the oldest commercial dyes and have been utilized in some of the earliest examples of OPVs. In recent years, the use of boron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs) and silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) has attracted a flurry of interest with some examples of fullerene‐free devices reaching power conversion efficiencies >8 %. Unlike other more common divalent phthalocyanines such as copper or zinc, BsubPcs and SiPcs contain additional axial groups that can easily be functionalized without significantly affecting the optoelectronic properties of the macrocycle. This handle facilitates our ability to tune the solid‐state arrangement and other physical characteristics such as solubility ultimately giving us the ability to improve the thin film processing and final device performance. This review covers recent studies on the development of BsubPcs and SiPcs for use as active materials in organic photovoltaics.