bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of voltammetric analysis for fast and objective discrimination of the etiology, evolution, and bacterial infection of lower limb ulcers
Authors: Lelli Diana , Pedone Claudio , Frezzotti Elena , Pennazza Giorgio , Santonico Marco , Grasso Simone , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe timely recognition of leg ulcers (LU) etiology and infection is pivotal to optimize management and accelerate healing. The objective of this proof‐of‐concept study was to test the diagnostic performance of voltammetric analysis (VA) on ulcer exudate to identify LU etiology, infection, and predict clinical course. We enrolled 25 patients aged ≥60 years, affected by 42 venous/arterial LU. Clinical examination (Leg Ulcer Measurement Tool score, LUMT), swab culture, and VA were performed at baseline and 30 days. The ability of VA to predict outcomes was tested using partial least square‐discrimination analysis. Mean age was 75 years (SD 11.1), 9/25 were male. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity vs. etiology were 97.4, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively; the corresponding figures were 95.2%, 100%, 88.9%, for infection and 94%, 84.6%, 100% for predicted objective LUMT worsening. VA is a promising diagnostic/prognostic tool for management of LU that may allow a more timely targeted therapy.
Advance care planning for the severely ill in the hospital: a randomized trial
Authors: Krones Tanja , Budilivschi Ana , Karzig Isabelle , Otto Theodore , Valeri Fabio , Biller-Andorno Nikola , Mitchell Christine , Loupatatzis Barbara 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of advance care planning (ACP) including decision aids for severely ill medical inpatients.MethodsSingle-centre randomised controlled trial at a Swiss university hospital. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an extra consultation with the hospital social service or a consultation with in-house facilitators trained according to an internationally established ACP programme. Trial participants with the exception of the observers were fully blinded. 115 competent severely ill adults, their surrogates and their attending physicians were enrolled and followed for 6 months after discharge or 3 months after death. The patient’s wishes regarding resuscitation (primary outcome), last place of care and other end-of-life wishes were recorded. Knowledge and respect of the patient’s wishes by the surrogates and attending physician were monitored.ResultsCompared with controls, 6 months after the intervention, fewer patients wished to be resuscitated or were undecided (p=0.01), resuscitation wishes were documented more frequently (89% vs 64%, p=0.02) and surrogates and/or attending physicians had greater knowledge of the patient’s wishes (62% vs 30%, p=0.01). Groups were not different with regard to wishes being fulfilled, with the exception of last place of care being achieved more frequently in the intervention group (29% vs 11 %, p=0.05).ConclusionACP including decision aids offered to severely ill medical inpatients leads to greater knowledge, documentation and respect of treatment and end-of-life wishes. Introducing ACP to these patients however may be too late for many patients. Early integration of ACP during the illness trajectory and a broader regional approach may be more appropriate.
Contraceptive use among migrant, second-generation migrant and non-migrant women seeking abortion care: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Sweden
Authors: Emtell Iwarsson Karin , Larsson Elin C , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Essén Birgitta , Klingberg-Allvin Marie 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to compare ever-in life contraception use, use of contraception at current conception, and planned use of contraception after an induced abortion, among three groups of women: migrants, second-generation migrants and non-migrant women, and to compare the types of contraception methods used and intended for future use among the three groups of women.MethodsThe cross-sectional study administered a questionnaire face-to-face to women aged 18 years and older who were seeking abortion care at one of six abortion clinics in Stockholm County from January to April 2015.ResultsThe analysis included 637 women. Migrants and second-generation migrants were less likely to have used contraception historically, at the time of the current conception, and to plan to use contraception after their induced abortion compared with non-migrant women. Historically, non-migrants had used pills (89%) and withdrawal (24%) while migrants had used the copper intrauterine device (24%) to a higher extent compared to the other two groups of women. Both the migrants (65%) and second-generation migrants (61%) were more likely than the non-migrants (48%) to be planning to use long-acting reversible contraception.ConclusionsLower proportions of contraception use were found in migrants and second-generation migrants than in non-migrants. In addition, there were significant differences in the types of contraception methods used historically and intended for future use.
Multiparametric ultrasound in liver diseases: an overview for the practising clinician
Authors: Grgurevic Ivica , Tjesic Drinkovic Ida , Pinzani Massimo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUltrasound (US) is usually the first and most commonly used tool in the diagnostic algorithm for liver disease. It is widely available, non-invasive and offers a real-time assessment of the liver in several anatomic planes, using different US modalities such as greyscale imaging, Doppler, elastography and contrast-enhanced US. This multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) provides more information of the examined structures and allows for a faster and more accurate diagnosis, usually at the point of care, thus reducing the requirement for some invasive and more expensive methods. Current data on the MPUS in hepatology are summarised in this review, mostly focused on its use for non-invasive staging of liver fibrosis, detection and classification of portal hypertension and oesophageal varices, prognosis in chronic liver diseases and characterisation of focal liver lesions (FLLs). Based on the available data, we propose practical algorithms for clinical use of MPUS in chronic liver disease and FLL.
Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery on postoperative recovery after joint arthroplasty: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Qi-Feng , Gu Hui-Yun , Peng Wu-ya , Zhang Qiong , Huang Zheng-Dong , Zhang Chao , Yu Yun-Xiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudy designSystematic review with meta-analysis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the postoperative recovery of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify literature including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies and case–control studies through 2 May 2018. The analysed outcomes were mortality rate, transfusion rate, range of motion (ROM), 30-day readmission rate, postoperative complication rate and in-hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 16 699 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with conventional care, ERAS was associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate (relative risk (RR) 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85), transfusion rate (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51), complication rate (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87) and LOS (mean difference (MD) −2.03, 95% CI −2.64 to −1.42) among all included trials. However, no significant difference was found in ROM (MD 7.53, 95% CI −2.16 to 17.23) and 30-day readmission rate (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.30). There was no significant difference in complications of TKA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.34 to 2.06) and transfusion rate in RCTs (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.88) between the ERAS group and the control group.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the mortality rate, transfusion rate, incidence of complications and LOS of patients undergoing TKA or THA. However, ERAS did not show a significant impact on ROM and 30-day readmission rate. Complications after hip replacement are less than those of knee replacement, and the young patients recover better.Level of evidenceLevel 1.
Activated Eosinophils Exert Antitumorigenic Activities in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reichman Hadar , Itan Michal , Rozenberg Perri , Yarmolovski Tal , Brazowski Eli , Varol Chen , Gluck Nathan , Shapira Shiran , Arber Nadir , Qimron Udi , Karo-Atar Danielle , Lee James J. , Munitz Ariel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting T lymphocytes are revolutionizing cancer therapy but only benefit a subset of patients, especially in colorectal cancer. Thus, additional insight into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Eosinophils are bone marrow–derived cells that have been largely studied in the context of allergic diseases and parasite infections. Although tumor-associated eosinophilia has been described in various solid tumors including colorectal cancer, knowledge is still missing regarding eosinophil activities and even the basic question of whether the TME promotes eosinophil recruitment without additional manipulation (e.g., immunotherapy) is unclear. Herein, we report that eosinophils are recruited into developing tumors during induction of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer and in mice with the Apcmin/+ genotype, which develop spontaneous intestinal adenomas. Using adoptive transfer and cytokine neutralization experiments, we demonstrate that the TME supported prolonged eosinophil survival independent of IL5, an eosinophil survival cytokine. Tumor-infiltrating eosinophils consisted of degranulating eosinophils and were essential for tumor rejection independently of CD8+ T cells. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed an IFNγ-linked signature for intratumoral eosinophils that was different from that of macrophages. Our data establish antitumorigenic roles for eosinophils in colorectal cancer. These findings may facilitate the development of pharmacologic treatments that could unleash antitumor responses by eosinophils, especially in colorectal cancer patients displaying eosinophilia.
Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and Microvascular Lesions in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Freeze Whitney M. , Bacskai Brian J. , Frosch Matthew P. , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Backes Walter H. , Greenberg Steven M. , van Veluw Susanne J. 
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common small vessel disease that independently effects cognition in older individuals. The pathophysiology of CAA and CAA-related bleeding remains poorly understood. In this postmortem study, we explored whether blood-brain barrier leakage is associated with CAA and microvascular lesions.

Methods—
Eleven CAA cases (median [IQR] age=69 years [65–79 years], 8 males) and 7 cases without neurological disease or brain lesions (median [IQR] age=77 years [68–92 years], 4 males) were analyzed. Cortical sections were sampled from each lobe, and IgG and fibrin extravasation (markers of blood-brain barrier leakage) were assessed with immunohistochemistry. We hypothesized that IgG and fibrin extravasation would be increased in CAA cases compared with controls, that this would be more pronounced in parietooccipital brain regions compared with frontotemporal brain regions in parallel with the posterior predilection of CAA, and would be associated with CAA severity and number of cerebral microbleeds and cerebral microinfarcts counted on ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the intact brain hemisphere.

Results—

Our results demonstrated increased IgG positivity in the frontotemporal (
P
=0.044) and parietooccipital (
P
=0.001) cortex in CAA cases compared with controls. Within CAA cases, both fibrin and IgG positivity were increased in parietooccipital brain regions compared with frontotemporal brain regions (
P
=0.005 and
P
=0.006, respectively). The percentage of positive vessels for fibrin and IgG was associated with the percentage of amyloid-β–positive vessels (Spearman ρ=0.71,
P
=0.015 and Spearman ρ=0.73,
P
=0.011, respectively). Moreover, the percentage of fibrin and IgG-positive vessels, but not amyloid-β–positive vessels, was associated with the number of cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging (Spearman ρ=0.77,
P
=0.005 and Spearman ρ=0.70,
P
=0.017, respectively). Finally, we observed fibrin deposition in walls of vessels involved in cerebral microbleeds.

Conclusions—
Our results raise the possibility that blood-brain barrier leakage may be a contributory mechanism for CAA-related brain injury.
Association of Perforator Stroke After Basilar Artery Stenting With Negative Remodeling
Authors: Ma Ning , Xu Ziqi , Lyu Jinhao , Li Mingyao , Hou Zhikai , Liu Yifan , Yang Ming , Mo Dapeng , Gao Feng , Song Ligang , Sun Xuan , Liu Lian , Liu Xin , Sui Binbin , Shen Mi , Ma Lin , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun , Miao Zhongrong , Lou Xin 
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—
We try to evaluate whether plaque features and perforator stroke after intracranial stenting is associated with the arterial remodeling patterns in patients with severe basilar artery stenosis.

Methods—
We studied patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis who underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging from September 2014 to January 2017. Among them, patients with basilar artery stenosis underwent angioplasty and stenting were recruited. Arterial remodeling patterns were divided into negative or nonnegative remodeling. Plaque features were investigated by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, which includes plaque distribution, intraplaque hemorrhage, calcification, as well as enhancement patterns. Incidence of perforator strokes after intracranial stenting was recorded. Plaque features and incidence of poststenting perforator stroke were compared between negative and nonnegative remodeling.

Results—

Two hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients were enrolled. Among them, 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 11 patients (36.7%) with negative remodeling and 19 (63.3%) with nonnegative remodeling. Twenty-six patients (86.7%) had diffuse distribution, 5 patients (16.7%) had intraplaque hemorrhage, 2 patients (6.7%) had calcification, and 17 patients (65.4%) had enhancement. Three patients had perforator stroke after stenting. Plaque features were similar between negative and nonnegative remodeling groups. Patients with negative remodeling were more likely to have perforator stroke after stenting comparing with patients with nonnegative remodeling (27.3% versus 0%,
P
=0.041).

Conclusions—
Perforator stroke after basilar artery stenting may be related to negative remodeling on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The finding needs to be confirmed in future studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02705599.
Evaluation of Short-Range Precipitation Reforecasts from East Asia Regional Reanalysis
Authors: Yang Eun-Gyeong , Kim Hyun Mee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As the need for regional reanalyses emerged around the world, a short period of the East Asia Regional Reanalysis (EARR) system was recently developed based on the Unified Model (UM). In this study, the quality of the EARR is evaluated by comparing the short-range precipitation reforecasts against reforecasts of ERA-Interim (ERA-I) reanalysis and operational forecasts of the Korea Meteorological Administration (OPER). For the verification, two different periods are selected for 14 days in the summer (July 2013, denoted as 201307) and winter (February 2014, denoted as 201402). The equitable threat score (ETS) of EARR and OPER is generally greater than that of ERA-I. The frequency bias index (FBI) of EARR and OPER is overall closer to 1 than that of ERA-I for all thresholds, which indicates that EARR and OPER are much closer to the observation compared to ERA-I. For the period 201307, the ERA-I FBI is greater than 1 for lower thresholds and the probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) of ERA-I are high, implying that ERA-I tends to overforecast light precipitation. In addition, using the same Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, the 6-h precipitation forecasts are integrated every 12 h (initialized from 0000/1200 UTC) for 4 months for the summer and winter season. Although the differences of ETS and FBI between EARR and ERA-I are not distinct for the summer season, overall EARR ETS is higher than ERA-I ETS, and EARR FBI is closer to 1 than ERA-I FBI. Based on several evaluations, the precipitation reforecasts of EARR are confirmed to be more accurate than those of OPER and ERA-I in East Asia.
The Effect of Foam on Waves and the Aerodynamic Roughness of the Water Surface at High Winds
Authors: Troitskaya Yu. , Sergeev D. , Kandaurov A. , Vdovin M. , Zilitinkevich S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper models the impact of the presence of foam on the short-wave component of surface waves and momentum exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer at high winds. First, physical experiments were carried out in a wind-wave flume in which foam can be artificially produced at the water surface. Tests were conducted under high-wind-speed conditions where equivalent 10-m wind speed ranged from 12 to 38 m s−1, with measurements made of the airflow parameters, the frequency–wavenumber spectra of the surface waves, the foam coverage of the water surface, and the distribution of the foam bubbles. Analysis of the resulting data indicates that the surface drag coefficient correlates with the fraction of foam coverage and the mean square slope (MSS) of the water surface, and that, at a certain wind speed, the MSS decreases with an increase in the fraction of foam coverage. Based on these results, we suggest a simple model for eddy viscosity in the turbulent boundary layer over a fractionally foam-covered wave surface. The measurements in a laboratory environment are shown to be in good agreement with the predictions of a quasi-linear model of the atmospheric boundary layer over a waved water surface that adopts this eddy viscosity. Adaptation of the proposed model to field conditions is discussed, and the synergetic effect of foam at the water surface and spray in the marine atmospheric boundary layer on ocean surface resistance at high winds is estimated so as to be able to explain the observed peaking dependence of the surface drag coefficient on the 10-m wind speed.
Tropical Transition of Hurricane Chris (2012) over the North Atlantic Ocean: A Multiscale Investigation of Predictability
Authors: Maier-Gerber Michael , Riemer Michael , Fink Andreas H. , Knippertz Peter , Di Muzio Enrico , McTaggart-Cowan Ron 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Tropical cyclones that evolve from a nontropical origin and undergo tropical transition (TT) play a prominent role in cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic Ocean. They pose a special challenge for predictions, as they often emerge at the end of a multiscale cascade of atmospheric processes. Here we use operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ensemble predictions to investigate the TT of North Atlantic Hurricane Chris (2012), whose formation was preceded by the merger of two potential vorticity (PV) maxima, eventually resulting in the cyclone-inducing PV streamer. The principal goal is to elucidate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes governing the predictability of Chris’s cyclogenesis and subsequent TT. Dynamic time warping is applied to identify ensemble tracks that are similar to the analysis track. This technique permits small temporal and spatial shifts in the development. The formation of the pre-Chris cyclone is predicted by those members that also predict the merging of the two PV maxima. The PV streamer’s shape and its position relative to the pre-Chris cyclone determine whether the cyclone follows the TT pathway. The transitioning cyclones are located inside a favorable region of high equivalent potential temperatures that result from a warm seclusion underneath the cyclonic roll-up of the PV streamer. A systematic investigation of consecutive ensemble forecasts indicates that sudden changes in ensemble statistics of cyclone metrics are linked to specific events. The present case exemplifies how a novel combination of Eulerian and cyclone-relative ensemble forecast analysis tools allow inference of physical causes of abrupt changes in predictability.
Measure of Forecast Challenge and Predictability Horizon Diagram Index for Ensemble Models
Authors: Du Jun , Zhou Binbin , Levit Jason 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Responding to the call for new verification methods in a recent editorial in Weather and Forecasting, this study proposed two new verification metrics to quantify the forecast challenges that a user faces in decision-making when using ensemble models. The measure of forecast challenge (MFC) combines forecast error and uncertainty information together into one single score. It consists of four elements: ensemble mean error, spread, nonlinearity, and outliers. The cross correlation among the four elements indicates that each element contains independent information. The relative contribution of each element to the MFC is analyzed by calculating the correlation between each element and MFC. The biggest contributor is the ensemble mean error, followed by the ensemble spread, nonlinearity, and outliers. By applying MFC to the predictability horizon diagram of a forecast ensemble, a predictability horizon diagram index (PHDX) is defined to quantify how the ensemble evolves at a specific location as an event approaches. The value of PHDX varies between 1.0 and −1.0. A positive PHDX indicates that the forecast challenge decreases as an event nears (type I), providing creditable forecast information to users. A negative PHDX value indicates that the forecast challenge increases as an event nears (type II), providing misleading information to users. A near-zero PHDX value indicates that the forecast challenge remains large as an event nears, providing largely uncertain information to users. Unlike current verification metrics that verify at a particular point in time, PHDX verifies a forecasting process through many forecasting cycles. Forecasting-process-oriented verification could be a new direction in model verification. The sample ensemble forecasts used in this study are produced from the NCEP global and regional ensembles.