bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence in the fine-scale distribution and spatial aggregation of fishing
Authors: Hintzen Niels T , Aarts Geert , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
High-resolution vessel monitoring (VMS) data have led to detailed estimates of the distribution of fishing in both time and space. While several studies have documented large-scale changes in fishing distribution, fine-scale patterns are still poorly documented, despite VMS data allowing for such analyses. We apply a methodology that can explain and predict effort allocation at fine spatial scales; a scale relevant to assess impact on the benthic ecosystem. This study uses VMS data to quantify the stability of fishing grounds (i.e. aggregated fishing effort) at a microscale (tens of meters). The model links effort registered at a large scale (ICES rectangle; 1° longitude × 0.5° latitude, ˜3600 km2) to fine spatial trawling intensities at a local scale (i.e. scale matching gear width, here 24 m). For the first time in the literature, the method estimates the part of an ICES rectangle that is unfavourable or inaccessible for fisheries, which is shown to be highly stable over time and suggests higher proportions of inaccessible grounds for either extremely muddy or courser substrates. The study furthermore shows high stability in aggregation of fishing, where aggregation shows a positive relationship with depth heterogeneity and a negative relationship with year-on-year variability in fishing intensity.
Atrial fibrillation in immigrants under the age of 45 y in Sweden
Authors: Wändell Per , Carlsson Axel C , Li Xinjun , Gasevic Danijela , Ärnlöv Johan , Holzmann Martin J , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo study association between country of birth and risk of first-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden under 45 y of age.MethodsThe study population included all individuals (n = 3 248 457) under the age of 45 y in Sweden, including immigrants (n = 722 249). AF was defined as first registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register. Association between country of birth and risk of AF was assessed by Cox regression, calculating HRs and 95% CIs, using Swedish-born individuals as referents. All models were stratified by sex, and in different models were adjusted for age, area of residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and co-morbidity(ies).ResultsA higher fully adjusted HR of incident AF was found in the total sample of first-generation immigrants, 1.44 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.54), in males born in Denmark, Lebanon and Iraq, and in females born in Turkey and Iraq. Lower HRs were found in male and female immigrants from Latin America and Iran, and female immigrants from Finland. Among second-generation immigrants, the fully adjusted HR was significantly lower, 0.70 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsClinicians may show a greater awareness of AF in some groups of younger immigrants to enable early diagnosis.
Is the use of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Safe and Effective in Children? A Meta-Analysis of the use of Stereotactic Electroencephalography in Comparison to Subdural Grids for Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring in Pediatric Subjects
Authors: Sacino Matthew F , Huang Sean S , Schreiber John , Gaillard William D , Oluigbo Chima O 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an alternative addition to subdural grids (SDG) in invasive extra-operative monitoring for medically refractory epilepsy. Few studies exist on the clinical efficacy and safety of these techniques in pediatric populations.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a comparative quantitative summary of surgical complications and postoperative seizure freedom associated with invasive extra-operative presurgical techniques in pediatric patients.

METHODS
The systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A literature search was conducted utilizing Ovid Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and the Cochrane database.

RESULTS
Fourteen papers with a total of 697 pediatric patients undergoing invasive SDG monitoring and 9 papers with a total of 277 pediatric patients undergoing SEEG monitoring were utilized in the systemic review. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leaks were the most common adverse event in the SDG studies (pooled prevalence 11.9% 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7-23.3). There was one case of CSF leak in the SEEG studies. Intracranial hemorrhages (SDG: 10.7%, 95% CI 5.3-20.3; SEEG: 2.9%, 95% CI –0.7 to 10.8) and infection (SDG: 10.8%, 95% CI 6.7-17) were more common in the SDG studies reviewed. At the time of the last postoperative visit, a greater percentage of pediatric patients achieved seizure freedom in the SEEG studies (SEEG: 66.5%, 95% CI 58.8-73.4; SDG: 52.1%, 95% CI 43.0-61.1).

CONCLUSION
SEEG is a safe alternative to SDG and should be considered on an individual basis for selected pediatric patients.
Increased 30-Day Mortality Associated With Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Children
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Tamma Pranita D , Flett Kelly B , Karandikar Manjiree V , Nemati Koorosh , Bilker Warren B , Zaoutis Theoklis , Han Jennifer H 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this multicenter study, we identified an increased risk of 30-day mortality among hospitalized children with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolated from clinical cultures compared with those with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. We additionally report significant variation in antibiotic treatment for children with CRE infections with infrequent use of combination therapy.
Effects of two equine digestive aid supplements on hindgut health1
Authors: Johnson Alexa C B , Rossow Heidi A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Gastrointestinal disease is the number one killer of horses. Little is known about the maintenance of microbes in the equine hindgut and how to distinguish a healthy gut in a live horse. Utilization of internal and external digestibility markers and starch fermentation has been extensively studied in ruminants and is the basis for research conducted on horses. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of two equine feed digestive aid supplements on hindgut health (HGH) as reflected in fecal pH and digestibility and to compare and validate DM digestibility measurements through the use of internal and external markers such as chromium oxide (CR), lignin (Lig), indigestible ADF (iADF), indigestible NDF (iNDF), and indigestible lignin (iLig). Nine mature Quarter horses (six geldings, three mares) were used in a crossover design, three feeding periods of 17 d (51 d total), using three treatments: control, no feed additive (CON), Smartpak (SP; Plymouth, MA), or Platinum Performance (PP; Buellton, CA). Both SP and PP contained a strain of Lactobacillus, whereas SP further supplied mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and PP supplied Saccharomyces boulardii. Within the 17-d period, horses were offered orchard grass hay and sweet cob grain and the assigned treatment daily and four CR cookies to deliver 8 g/d of CR for the last 7 d of each period. Total feces were collected from 15 to 17 d. Feed and fecal samples were dried, ground, and sent to ANALAB (Fulton, IL) for nutrient analysis. Duplicate samples of feed and feces were placed in ruminally cannulated cows for in situ determination of iADF, iNDF, and iLig to estimate digestibility. Estimated CR fecal output, CR DMI, and DM digestibilities were evaluated using the root mean square prediction error percentage of the observed mean (RMSPE), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency methods. Marker predictive ability tests showed iADF to have the least amount of bias with the smallest RMSPE (4%), largest CCC (0.43), and the largest amount of random bias (error of dispersion = 0.45). Supplementation of PP decreased CR DM digestibility (P &lt; 0.02). Smartpak increased fecal pH (P &lt; 0.09), but PP had no effect on fecal pH. Therefore, SP had a beneficial effect on HGH that is believed to be due to MOS and FOS.
Single Sided Deaf Cochlear Implant Users in the Difficult Listening Situation: Speech Perception and Subjective Benefit
Authors: Prejban David A. , Hamzavi Jafar-Sasan , Arnoldner Christoph , Liepins Rudolfs , Honeder Clemens , Kaider Alexandra , Gstöttner Wolfgang , Baumgartner Wolf-Dieter , Riss Dominik 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
Patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) have great difficulties in listening situations which rely on binaural auditory processing. The purpose of this study was to examine to which extent a cochlear implant (CI) can improve speech perception outcomes in various noisy listening environments. Additionally, the ability to use interaural level differences for sound localization and subjective benefit with the CI were assessed.

Methods:
Ten single-sided deaf patients with CI were tested in different loudspeaker configurations with and without the CI. A multi-source noise field (MSNF) with uncorrelated noise from four different directions was used in addition to a setup with the signal from the CI side and noise from the normal-hearing side (SCINNH, azimuth of ±45 degrees). Ten normal-hearing subjects were used as a control for the setup. Speech understanding was measured by an adaptive sentence test (Oldenburg Sentence Test, OLSA) in stationary speech shaped noise and temporally modulated noise to assess the benefit in each listening situation. Sensitivity to interaural level differences was measured in a lateralization experiment. Furthermore, patients completed the Bern Benefit in Single-Sided Deafness (BBSS) questionnaire to assess subjective benefit with the CI.

Results:
An overall average benefit in speech reception threshold (SRT) of 1.6 dB (±0.6 dB standard error of the mean [SEM]) was observed in the binaural listening condition (with CI) in all conditions. In the MSNF setup thresholds improved by 0.4 dB (±0.5 dB SEM) and in the SCINNH configuration by 2.7 dB (±0.7 dB SEM). The choice of masking noise effect also had a significant effect on the SRT outcome. The lateralization performance of the SSD users was on a par with the normal hearing group. BBSS scores reflect the overall benefit with the CI apparent in the speech test results.

Conclusion:
Patients with single-sided deafness do benefit from a CI in difficult listening environments and are able to localize sound based on interaural level differences. Considering these outcomes, cochlear implantation represents a promising treatment option for patients with single-sided deafness.
Superior Canal Dehiscence Involving the Superior Petrosal Sinus: A Novel Classification Scheme
Authors: Sweeney Alex D. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Patel Neil S. , Tombers Nicole M. , Wanna George B. , Lane John I. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
To highlight superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) involving the superior petrosal sinus (SPS), and to propose a novel classification system for SPS associated SSCD with potential surgical implications.

Study Design:
Multicenter retrospective review.

Setting:
Three tertiary referral centers.

Patients:
All patients diagnosed with SPS associated SSCD (1/2000 to 8/2016). Radiographic findings and clinical symptoms were analyzed.

Intervention:
Surgical repair or observation.

Main Outcome Measure:
Radiographic findings and clinical symptoms were analyzed.

Results:
Thirty-three dehiscences (30 patients) involving the SPS were identified. The average age at the time of presentation was 52.5 years (median, 56.9; range, 4.9–75.3 yr), and 53.3% of patients were men. Three patients had bilateral SPS associated SSCD. The most common associated symptoms at presentation were episodic vertigo (63.6%), subjective hearing loss (60.6%), and aural fullness (57.6%). Four distinct types of dehiscence were identified: class Ia. SSCD involving a single dehiscence into an otherwise normal appearing SPS; class Ib. SSCD involving a single dehiscence into an apparent venous anomaly of the SPS; class IIa. SSCD involving two distinct dehiscences into the middle cranial fossa and the SPS; class IIb. SSCD involving a single confluent dehiscence into the middle cranial fossa and the SPS.

Conclusions:
SSCD involving the SPS represents a small but distinct subset of SSCD cases. This scenario can create a unique set of symptoms and surgical challenges when intervention is sought. Clinical findings and considerations for surgical intervention are provided to facilitate effective diagnosis and management.
Clues to basis of exploratory behaviour of theC. eleganssnout from head somatotropy
Authors: White John 
Published: September 2018

Wave propagation during locomotory movements ofCaenorhabditis elegansis constrained to a single dorso/ventral plane. By contrast, the tip of the head (snout) can make rapid exploratory movements in all directions relative to the body axis. These extra degrees of freedom are probably important for animals to seek and identify desirable passages in the interstices of the three-dimensional matrix of soil particles, their usual habitat. The differences in degrees of freedom of movement between snout and body are reflected in the innervation of the musculature. Along the length of the body, the two quadrants of dorsal muscle receive common innervation as do the two quadrants of ventral muscle. By contrast, muscles in the snout have an octagonal arrangement of innervation. It is likely that the exploratory behaviour of the snout is mediated by octant-specific motor and sensory neurons, together with their associated interneurons. The well-defined anatomical structure and neural circuitry of the snout together with behavioural observations should facilitate the implementation of models of the neural basis of exploratory movements, which could lead to an understanding of the basis of this relatively complex behaviour, a behaviour that has similarities to foraging in some vertebrates.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Connectome to behaviour: modellingC. elegansat cellular resolution’.
The CD56bright CD62L+ NKG2A+ immature cell subset is dominantly expanded in human cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells
Authors: Jin Juhyun , Ahn Yong-Oon , Kim Tae Min , Keam Bhumsuk , Kim Dong-Wan , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTRecent studies have revealed immunological memory of NK cells. Short-term in vitro cytokine stimulation also induces NK cell memory, but heterogeneous cell subsets within the cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells has not been elucidated. Here we found that the dominant cell subset in human CIML NK cells are immature CD56bright CD62L+cells, and they were selectively expanded CD56bright CD16- CD62L+ NK cells. Although these cells acquired KIR expression after the cytokine stimulation, sustained NKG2A expression inhibits cytotoxicity against HLA-E+ target cells. In contrast, another checkpoint molecule LAG-3 is induced mainly on KIR+ NKG2C+ minor CIML NK cells. Our findings imply targeting NKG2A and LAG-3 should be considered for CIML NK cell-based immunotherapy.
Modular reconfiguration of an auditory-control brain network supports adaptive listening behavior
Authors: Alavash Mohsen , Tune Sarah , Obleser Jonas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpeech comprehension in noisy, multi-talker situations poses a challenge. Human listeners differ substantially in the degree to which they adapt behaviorally and can listen successfully under such circumstances. How cortical networks embody this adaptation, particularly at the individual level, is currently unknown. We here explain this adaptation from reconfiguration of brain networks for a challenging listening task (i.e., a novel linguistic variant of the Posner paradigm with concurrent speech) in an age-varying sample of N = 49 healthy adults undergoing resting-state and task fMRI. We here provide evidence for the hypothesis that more successful listeners exhibit stronger task-specific reconfiguration, hence better adaptation, of brain networks. From rest to task, brain networks become reconfigured towards more localized cortical processing characterized by higher topological segregation. This reconfiguration is dominated by the functional division of an auditory and a cingulo-opercular module, and the emergence of a conjoined auditory and ventral attention module along bilateral middle and posterior temporal cortices. Supporting our hypothesis, the degree to which modularity of this fronto-temporal auditory-control network is increased relative to resting state predicts individuals’ listening success in states of divided and selective attention. Our findings elucidate how fine-tuned cortical communication dynamics shape selection and comprehension of speech. Our results highlight modularity of the auditory-control network as a key organizational principle in cortical implementation of auditory spatial attention in challenging listening situations.Significance StatementHow do brain networks shape our listening behavior? We here develop and test the hypothesis that, during challenging listening situations, intrinsic brain networks are reconfigured to adapt to the listening demands, and thus to enable successful listening. We find that, relative to a task-free resting state, networks of the listening brain show higher segregation of temporal auditory, ventral attention, and frontal control regions known to be involved in speech processing, sound localization, and effortful listening. Importantly, the relative change in modularity of this auditory-control network predicts individuals’ listening success. Our findings shed light on how cortical communication dynamics tune selection and comprehension of speech in challenging listening situations, and suggest modularity as the network principle of auditory spatial attention.
Automated EEG mega-analysis II: Cognitive aspects of event related features
Authors: Bigdely-Shamlo Nima , Touryan Jonathan , Ojeda Alejandro , Kothe Christian , Mullen Tim , Robbins Kay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of a large-scale analysis of event-related responses based on raw EEG data from 17 studies performed at six experimental sites associated with four different institutions. The analysis corpus represents 1,155 recordings containing approximately 7.8 million event instances acquired under several different experimental paradigms. Such large-scale analysis is predicated on consistent data organization and event annotation as well as an effective automated pre-processing pipeline to transform raw EEG into a form suitable for comparative analysis. A key component of this analysis is the annotation of study-specific event codes using a common vocabulary to describe relevant event features. We demonstrate that Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED tags) capture statistically significant cognitive aspects of EEG events common across multiple recordings, subjects, studies, paradigms, headset configurations, and experimental sites. We use representational similarity analysis (RSA) to show that EEG responses annotated with the same cognitive aspect are significantly more similar than those that do not share that cognitive aspect. These RSA similarity results are supported by visualizations that exploit the non-linear similarities of these associations. We apply temporal overlap regression to reduce confounds caused by adjacent events instances and extract time and time-frequency EEG features (regressed ERPs and ERSPs) that are comparable across studies and replicate findings from prior, individual studies. Likewise, we use second-level linear regression to separate effects of different cognitive aspects on these features, across all studies. This work demonstrates that EEG mega-analysis (pooling of raw data across studies) can enable investigations of brain dynamics in a more generalized fashion than single studies afford. A companion paper complements this event-based analysis by addressing commonality of the time and frequency statistical properties of EEG across studies at the channel and dipole level.
Hybrid Automata Library: A modular platform for efficient hybrid modeling with real-time visualization
Authors: Bravo Rafael , Baratchart Etienne , West Jeffrey , Schenck Ryan O. , Miller Anna K. , Gallaher Jill , Gatenbee Chandler D. , Basanta David , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Anderson Alexander R. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Hybrid Automata Library (HAL) is a Java Library developed for use in mathematical oncology modeling. It is made of simple, efficient, generic components that can be used to model complex spatial systems. HAL’s components can broadly be classified into: on- and off-lattice agent containers, finite difference diffusion fields, a GUI building system, and additional tools and utilities for computation and data collection. These components are designed to operate independently and are standardized to make them easy to interface with one another. As a demonstration of how modeling can be simplified using our approach, we have included a complete example of a hybrid model (a spatial model with interacting agent-based and PDE components). HAL is a useful asset for researchers who wish to build efficient 1D, 2D and 3D hybrid models in Java, while not starting entirely from scratch. It is available on github at https://github.com/MathOnco/HAL under the MIT License. HAL requires at least Java 8 or later to run, and the Java JDK version 1.8 or later to compile the source code.1Author SummaryIn this paper we introduce the Hybrid Automata Library (HAL) with the purpose of simplifying the implementation and sharing of hybrid models for use in mathematical oncology. Hybrid modeling is used in oncology to create spatial models of tissue, typically by modeling cells using agent-based techniques, and by modeling diffusible chemicals using partial differential equations (PDEs). HAL’s key components are designed to run agent-based models, PDEs, and visualization. The components are standardized and are completely decoupled, so models can be built with any combination of them. We first explore the philosophy behind HAL, then summarize the components. Lastly we demonstrate how the components work together with an example of a hybrid model, and a walk-through of the code used to construct it. HAL is open-source and will produce identical results on any machine that supports Java 8 and above, making it highly portable. We recommend HAL to modelers interested in spatial dynamics, even those outside of mathematical oncology, as the components are general enough to facilitate a variety of model types. A community page that provides a download link and online documentation can be found at https://halloworld.org [1].