bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Wave Admixture and Adaptive Evolution of the Pamirian Wakhi People
Authors: Xu Wanxing , Liu Jiaojiao , Zhang Xiaoxi , Wen Jia , Feng Qidi , Gao Yang , Pan Yuwen , Lu Yan , Khan Asifullah , Xu Shuhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While whole-genome sequencing has been applied extensively to investigate the genetic diversity of global populations, ethnic minority groups in Pakistan are generally underrepresented. In particular, little is known about the genetic origin and highland adaptation of the Pamirian Wakhi people. According to Chinese historical records, the geographical location and language usage of Wakhi may be closely related to Xinjiang Tajiks. In this study, based on high-coverage (∼30×) whole-genome sequencing of eight Wakhi and 25 Xinjiang Tajik individuals, we performed data analyses together with worldwide populations to gain insights into their genetic composition, demography, and adaptive evolution to the highland environment. The Wakhi derived more than 85% of their ancestry from West Eurasian populations (European ∼44.5%, South Asian ∼42.2%) and 10% from East Eurasian populations (Siberian ∼6.0%, East Asian ∼4.3%). Modeling the admixture history of the Wakhi indicated that the early West–East admixture occurred ∼3,875 to 2,250 years ago and that the recent admixture occurred ∼750 to 375 years ago. We identified selection signatures across EGLN3, in particular, a distinctive evolutionary signature was observed, and a certain underlying selected haplotype showed higher frequency (87.5%) in the Wakhi than in nearby Xinjiang Tajiks and other highlanders. Interestingly, we found high-frequency archaic sequences in the Wakhi genome, which overlapped with several genes related to cellular signaling transduction, including MAGI2, previously associated with high-altitude adaptation. Our analysis indicates that the Wakhi are distinct from the Xinjiang Tajiks and Tajikistan Tajiks and sheds light on the Wakhi's ancestral origin and genetic basis of high-altitude adaptation.
Safety and efficacy of filgotinib in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Week 156 interim results in FINCH 4
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Matsubara Tsukasa , Atsumi Tatsuya , Amano Koichi , Ishiguro Naoki , Hirata Shintaro , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Combe Bernard G , Nash Peter , Genovese Mark , Pechonkina Alena , Liu Jie , Kondo Akira , Fukada Haruhiko , De Leonardis Francesco , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this article is to describe the safety and efficacy of filgotinib 200 mg (FIL200) or FIL 100 mg (FIL100) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a long-term extension (NCT03025308).

Methods
Patients who completed any of three parent studies (NCT02889796: inadequate response to methotrexate; NCT02873936: inadequate response to biologic disease–modifying antirheumatic drugs; NCT02886728: methotrexate-naïve) without rescue therapy could enter the long-term extension; patients taking FIL continued their dosage, and those who received comparators were rerandomised to FIL200 or FIL100. This analysis includes Week 156 interim results.

Results
Among Japanese patients, 110 received FIL200, and 97 received FIL100. Mean (SD) FIL200 and FIL100 exposure was 157.0 (51.49) and 156.0 (52.45) weeks. The exposure-adjusted incidence rates (95% confidence interval) for FIL200/FIL100 were 2.7 (1.4, 5.2)/2.4 (1.2, 5.1) for herpes zoster, 0.9 (0.3, 2.8)/1.0 (0.3, 3.2) for malignancy (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer), and 0.6 (0.2, 2.4)/0.3 (0.0, 2.4) for major adverse cardiovascular events. More patients receiving FIL200 with prior FIL200 exposure achieved clinical remission vs other groups (including Clinical Disease Activity Index remission in 40% vs ≤27% at Week 156).

Conclusions
FIL200 and FIL100 were generally well tolerated by Japanese patients, without new, unexpected adverse events.
Robust dioxin-linked metallophthalocyanine tbo topology covalent organic frameworks and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Jin Yucheng , Zhi Qianjun , Wang Hailong , Zhan Xiaoning , Qi Dongdong , Yu Baoqiu , Ding Xu , Wang Tianying , Liu Heyuan , Tang Mingxue , Liu Jie , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Constructing 3D functional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with both robust linkage and planar macrocycle building blocks still remains a challenge due to the difficulty in adjusting both the crystallinity and the dominant 2D structures. In addition, it is also challenging to selectively convert inert C(sp3)–H bonds into value-added chemicals. Herein, robust 3D COFs, USTB-28–M (M=Co, Ni, Cu), have been polymerized from the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of D3h-symmetric 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyltriptycene with D4h-symmetric hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (MPcF16) under solvothermal conditions. These chemically stable dioxin-linked COFs show isostructural tbo topology made up of three kinds of polyhedron subunits, exhibiting high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas of ≤1477 m2 g−1. In particular, the multiple polyhedron subunits in USTB-28–M could trap N-hydroxyphthalimide at their corners for easily forming stable phthalimide-N-oxyl radicals under visible-light irradiation. The generated radicals efficiently promote the aerobic oxidation of alkyl benzenes with an inert C(sp3)–H bond into various ketones. Among the three investigated COFs, the USTB-28–Co radical initiator exhibits the best photocatalytic oxidation activity, converting ethylbenzene into acetophenone with a turnover frequency of 63 h−1, which is much higher than those of the monomer CoPcF16 (8 h−1) and 2D dioxin-linked counterparts (13 h−1). This is due to the much prolonged lifetime of the excited state for USTB-28–Co based on the femtosecond transient absorption result. The present work not only presents 3D functional COFs with robust connection and permanent porosity, but also illustrates the uniqueness of porous structures of 3D COFs for high-performance photocatalysis.
Synergistic antibacterial effect of chitosan/silver nanoparticles modified glass ionomer cement (an in vitro study)
Authors: Hussein Rangin Mohammed , Kareem Fadil Abdulla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An important dental filling called Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is widely used because it is biocompatible, releases fluoride, and can chemically connect with tooth structure. However, the limited antibacterial activity and mechanical weaknesses of GIC, such as high water sorption and low wear resistance, compromise their long-term effectiveness. This study investigated the synergistic antibacterial activity of chitosan (Ch) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used to modify glass ionomer cement (GIC) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) growth. This was an in vitro experimental study. Chitosan (10% and 5%), a biocompatible natural polymer, and AgNPs (0.2% and 0.5%) known for their potent antibacterial activity, were combined with GIC to create a modified version. The antibacterial efficacy of these modified GICs against S. mutans was tested using disc agar diffusion and biofilm inhibition methods. A notable enhancement in biofilm inhibition was detected in the modified GICs, including both Ch and AgNPs. The synergistic effect of modified GICs with 0.5% AgNPs and 10% Ch yielded higher antibiofilm activity than the other modified and Unmodified GICs to prevent secondary caries. The fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of Ch/Ag nanoparticles into the glass ionomer cement (GIC) matrix led to molecular interactions that could enhance antibacterial characteristics. Integrating 0.5% AgNPs and 10% Ch into GIC can improved its antibacterial efficacy, thereby enhancing its effectiveness in inhibiting the formation of biofilm.
Flare from the secondary star of an extreme period binary
Authors: Shuang Wang , Raúl Michel , Huiyu Yuan , Yuangui Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Photometric observations were conducted on the short-period and highly active M dwarf BX Tri from 2016 to 2023. From ground-based observations and data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), a total of 196 sets of light curves were analyzed using Wilson–Devinney (W-D) method. The photometric analyses of BX Tri reveal a semidetached configuration, where the primary star accounts for a minimum of $80\%$ of the total luminosity in this binary system. The magnetic activity cycle of BX Tri was determined to be $9.4\:$yr, as indicated by the variability in spot longitudes. Three flares were detected by TESS. The long-lasting flare$_{1797}$ could originate from a polar region on the secondary star. Given the ongoing flare eruptions, BX Tri has the potential to merge into a single star through mergebursts.
Depths in a Day—a New Era of Rapid-Response Raman-Based Barometry Using Fluid Inclusions
Authors: DeVitre Charlotte L , Wieser Penny E , Bearden Alexander T , Richie Araela , Rangel Berenise , Gleeson Matthew L M , Grimsich John , Lynn Kendra J , Downs Drew T , Deligne Natalia I , Mulliken Katherine M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rapid-response petrological monitoring is a major advance for volcano observatories, allowing them to build and validate models of plumbing systems that supply eruptions in near-real time. The depth of magma storage has recently been identified as high-priority information for volcanic observatories, yet this information is not currently obtainable via petrological monitoring methods on timescales relevant to eruption response. Fluid inclusion barometry (using micro-thermometry or Raman spectroscopy) is a well-established petrological method to estimate magma storage depths and has been proposed to have potential as a rapid-response monitoring tool, although this has not been formally demonstrated. To address this deficiency, we performed a near-real-time rapid-response simulation for the September 2023 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi. We show that Raman-based fluid inclusion barometry can robustly determine reservoir depths within a day of receiving samples—a transformative timescale that has not previously been achieved by petrological methods. Fluid inclusion barometry using micro-thermometric techniques has typically been limited to systems with relatively deep magma storage (&gt;0.4 g/cm3 i.e.  &gt; 7 km) where measurements of CO2 density are easy and accurate because the CO2 fluid homogenizes into the liquid phase. Improvements of the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy measurements of fluids with low CO2 density over the past couple of decades has enabled measurements of fluid inclusions from shallower magmatic systems. However, one caveat of examining shallower systems is that the fraction of H2O in the fluid may be too high to reliably convert CO2 density to pressure. To test the global applicability of rapid response fluid inclusion barometry, we compiled a global melt inclusion dataset (&gt;4000 samples) and calculate the fluid composition at the point of vapor saturation (${\mathrm{X}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}$). We show that fluid inclusions in crystal hosts from mafic compositions (&lt;57 wt. % SiO2)—likely representative of magmas recharging many volcanic systems worldwide—trap fluids with ${\mathrm{X}}_{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}$ low enough to make fluid inclusion barometry useful at many of the world’s most active and hazardous mafic volcanic systems (e.g. Iceland, Hawaiʻi, Galápagos Islands, East African Rift, Réunion, Canary Islands, Azores, Cabo Verde).
Go With the Flow? Considerations for Blood Flow Restriction Training in People With Neurologic Conditions
Authors: Mañago Mark M , Dunkle Zachary , Cohen Evan T , Bade Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) with low intensity resistance or aerobic exercise can improve muscle strength and aerobic capacity, respectively. Furthermore, low intensity BFRT with resistance or aerobic exercise can be as effective as training at higher intensities without BFR in healthy adult populations. The clinical use of BFRT is therefore becoming increasingly common, particularly in otherwise healthy adults recovering from musculoskeletal injury or orthopedic surgery, for whom training at high intensities is not indicated. People with neurologic conditions may also benefit from training at lower intensities, as many individuals with neurologic conditions may not tolerate higher intensities for a variety of reasons, including advanced mobility restrictions, extreme weakness, severe fatigue, and/or pain. Indeed, more and more rehabilitation clinicians are beginning to use BFRT with their patients who have neurologic conditions even though there is very little evidence to support its safety, feasibility, or efficacy in those populations. In this perspective, we propose that BFRT can be an important alternative to conventional exercise training approaches for some individuals with neurologic conditions, and in the right circumstances can be delivered both safely and effectively. This perspective will also provide considerations and decision-making strategies that can help inform clinical decisions for rehabilitation practitioners considering the use of BFRT in their patients with neurologic conditions.
Serum levels of free light chains and syndecan-1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Carnazzo Valeria , Gulli Francesca , Basile Valerio , Di Santo Riccardo , Niccolini Benedetta , Redi Serena , Vinante Ilaria , Napodano Cecilia , Pocino Krizia , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Lizzio Marco Maria , Marino Mariapaola , Ciasca Gabriele , Basile Umberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are characterized by chronic inflammation. Reliable biomarkers are crucial for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and therapeutic responses. This study explores serum syndecan-1 (SDC-1) as a biomarker for these conditions and its relationship with free light chain (FLC) levels.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on sera from 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 60 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), alongside 50 healthy donors (HD). Κ- and λ- FLCs were determined by turbidimetric assay, while SDC-1 levels were determined by ELISA. Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test, multivariable linear regression and Spearman’s correlation were employed to compare biomarker levels across groups and to explore correlations.

Results
SDC-1, κ-FLC and λ-FLC were significantly increased in RA and SLE patients compared with HD (P &lt; 0.001), while no significant differences in the κ/λ ratio were observed among the groups (P = 0.4). A significant difference in subject age was also identified. However, multivariate regression analysis indicated that RA and SLE are significantly associated with the levels of these markers, with minimal confounding by age. A significant correlation was observed separately in all groups between the FLC markers. Conversely, no correlation was detected between SDC-1 and FLCs, nor between these markers and age or disease activity indices.

Conclusion
Elevated serum levels of FLCs and SDC-1 in RA and SLE patients compared with HD underscore their potential as biomarkers for SARDs. The findings also suggest sustained plasma cell activation, supporting the multifaceted role of SDC-1 in the pathogenesis of SARDs.
Pain modulates brain potentials and behavioral responses to unfairness
Authors: Hu Chunling , Wu Ruoxi , Wang Chenbo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pain may initially contribute to the evolution of moral decision-making as it elicits avoidance behavior. The current study aims to support this perspective by conducting a behavioral study to investigate whether pain leads to a self-oriented tendency and an exploratory electroencephalogram (EEG) study to examine how pain affects moral decision-making. In Experiment 1, 34 participants were recruited and treated with both capsaicin (pain condition) and hand cream (control condition) in separate days. After treatment, they were asked to complete a third-party punishment task. Results showed that pain increased punishment and decreased compensation towards unfair allocations in the task. In Experiment 2, 68 participants with either pain or control treatment participated in an EEG experiment. It revealed that pain enlarged the disparity of late positive potential (LPP) between fair and unfair situations, suggesting that individuals in pain may exert more cognitive effort when facing unfair allocations. Meanwhile, pain did not affect the early components P2 and the medial frontal negativity, indicating unaffected attentional or anticipatory responses toward unfairness. It demonstrates that pain can effectively modulate responses to unfairness, manifesting as a self-oriented approach with negative consequences for others. It suggests a potential evolutionary impact of pain on moral decisions.
How to Validate a Bayesian Evolutionary Model
Authors: Mendes Fábio K , Bouckaert Remco , Carvalho Luiz M , Drummond Alexei J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Biology has become a highly mathematical discipline in which probabilistic models play a central role. As a result, research in the biological sciences is now dependent on computational tools capable of carrying out complex analyses. These tools must be validated before they can be used, but what is understood as validation varies widely among methodological contributions. This may be a consequence of the still embryonic stage of the literature on statistical software validation for computational biology. Our manuscript aims to advance this literature. Here, we describe, illustrate, and introduce new good practices for assessing the correctness of a model implementation with an emphasis on Bayesian methods. We also introduce a suite of functionalities for automating validation protocols. It is our hope that the guidelines presented here help sharpen the focus of discussions on (as well as elevate) expected standards of statistical software for biology.
Minimally invasive treatments for chronic low back pain
Authors: Hoffmann Chelsey M. , Mattie Ryan , Sheth Samir J. , D'Souza Ryan S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This article describes minimally invasive treatments for managing chronic low back pain (LBP) related to lumbar spinal stenosis, facetogenic LBP, vertebrogenic LBP, or discogenic LBP. We also propose a clinical decision-making tool to guide clinicians in appropriate patient selection for various treatments.
Delivery-Related Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Cardiac Disease
Authors: Toledo Isabella , Czarny Heather , DeFranco Emily , Warshak Carri , Rossi Robert 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and mortality among pregnant patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of U.S. delivery hospitalizations from 2010 to 2020 using weighted population estimates from the National Inpatient Sample database. The primary objective was to evaluate the risk of SMM and maternal mortality among patients with CVD at delivery hospitalization. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify delivery hospitalizations, CVD, and SMM events. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to compare SMM and mortality risk among patients with CVD and those without CVD. Given the substantial racial and ethnic disparities in SMM, mortality, and CVD burden, secondary objectives included evaluating SMM and mortality across racial and ethnic groups and assessing the population attributable fraction within each group. Lastly, subgroup analyses of SMM by underlying CVD diagnoses (eg, congenital heart disease, chronic heart failure) were performed. Variables used in the regression models included socioeconomic and demographic maternal characteristics, maternal comorbidities, and pregnancy-specific complications.

RESULTS:
Among 38,374,326 individuals with delivery hospitalizations, 203,448 (0.5%) had CVD. Patients with CVD had an increased risk of SMM (11.6 vs 0.7%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.5, 95% CI, 12.0–13.1) and maternal death (538 vs 5 per 100,000 delivery hospitalizations, aOR 44.1, 95% CI, 35.4–55.0) compared with those without CVD. Patients with chronic heart failure had the highest SMM risk (aOR 354.4, 95% CI, 301.0–417.3) among CVD categories. Black patients with CVD had a higher risk of SMM (aOR 15.9, 95% CI, 14.7–17.1) than those without CVD with an adjusted population attributable fraction of 10.5% (95% CI, 10.0–11.0%).

CONCLUSION:
CVD in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of SMM and mortality, with the highest risk of SMM among patients with chronic heart failure. Although CVD affects less than 1% of the pregnant population, it contributes to nearly 1 in 10 SMM events in the United States.
Diagnosing glaucoma progression with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Palmer Laura D. , Thompson Atalie C. , Asrani Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used tool to diagnose and monitor glaucoma by objectively measuring the ganglion cell layer and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The presence of RNFL thinning raises suspicion for glaucoma progression. Therefore, this review aims to discuss current approaches to using OCT for detecting glaucomatous change, limitations, and recent advancements.

Recent findings
Previously established approaches to determining glaucomatous progression on OCT include quantitative and qualitative methods. The most common quantitative methods include event-based and trend-based analysis. Decreasing RNFL thickness or loss of the ganglion cell layer are indicative of glaucomatous changes. However, interpretation of OCT scans is strongly impacted by artifacts, which can be because of epiretinal membrane or posterior vitreous detachment. Race and aging also may impact interpretation of RNFL progression. More recent research focuses on loss of the RNFL because of the effects of systemic conditions. Given the limitations in the current approaches, recent advancements indicate a promising role for artificial intelligence in determining true glaucomatous progression.

Summary
This review highlights current approaches to identifying glaucoma progression on OCT, limitations to these approaches, and the potential role for artificial intelligence.
Do new quality measures for social risk screening ‘measure up’?
Authors: Potharaju Kameswari , Gottlieb Laura M. , Pantell Matthew , Jones Danielle Hessler 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
New social risk screening standards and quality metrics reward or penalize healthcare delivery organizations for social risk screening. After summarizing the recent literature on social risk screening in pediatric healthcare settings we consider how this evidence – and persistent evidence gaps – might inform future standards development.

Recent findings
Reported social risk screening rates, measures, and modality differ greatly across recent work. Although many caregivers report acceptability of screening, experiences and expectations around effective follow-up vary. Likewise, although most frontline clinical providers find screening acceptable, they report significant implementation challenges related to time constraints, insufficient workforce, and availability of social services. Qualitative findings suggest opportunities to improve screening implementation. Literature examining the impacts of screening continues to focus on immediate posited impacts of assistance programs; few studies assess health outcomes.

Summary
The existing literature does not clearly indicate whether, when, how, or for whom social risk screening standards focused on screening quantity will contribute to child health or health equity. Informed by studies on patient experience, quality measures focused on screening quantity (e.g. how many individuals are screened) should be paired with efforts to improve screening quality (i.e. patient/caregiver screening experience) as well as social and health outcomes.