bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative Impact: The Environmental Significance of Religious Conversions
Authors: Nitsche Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper concentrates on the transformative impact of religious conversions. I understand religious conversions here as all individual spiritual transformations that either create an essentially new religious experience or substantially intensify an existing religiosity. The transformative impact of these transformations consists not only in modifying life perspectives or values, but also (and more substantially) in altering the very structure of personal experience. They can even bring significant changes in the phenomenal character of individual life-worlds, which are then experienced as perceived “differently”. This reflects on the possibilities the phenomenological method possesses to describe (and understand) these changes, and mainly discusses the applicability of Husserl’s analyses in Ideas 2 of the double constitution of body. On this basis, I suggest an explanatory model of transformative localizing/layering.
Net Neutrality and Mobile App Innovation in Denmark and Netherlands 2010–2016
Authors: Layton Roslyn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Net neutrality or “Open Internet” rulemaking has been ongoing for more than a decade. Some 50 nations have adopted formal rules including the US (then repealed), the European Union, India, and many countries in Latin America. Among other arguments, it is asserted that net neutrality rules are necessary for application innovation. While the focus for policymakers has largely been to make rules, there is less attention on how to measure the impact of such rules and how well they achieve their innovation goals. The article summaries a specific research investigation to what degree the introduction of rules in a given country stimulates innovation in that country’s mobile app ecosystem. The focus in on mobile networks because it allowed the most consistent data across countries. The study covered 53 countries, their net neutrality policies (or lack thereof), and the results to the respective mobile application ecosystems of the countries adopting rules between the period of 2010–2016. This investigation tests the proposition that countries which adopt net neutrality rules should experience an increase in mobile app development innovation within their national economy. To test this, a statistical methodology was developed based upon measuring the number of locally developed mobile apps in the country for relevant periods before and after rules are imposed and the corresponding app downloads, usage, and revenue. Measurement was conducted with two independent toolsets and adjusted for the sophistication and penetration of advanced mobile networks in the country. To make more meaningful comparisons and avoid inevitable heterogeneity across the countries, the investigation focuses on two similar countries with different rules, Denmark with soft rules (self-regulation) and Netherlands with hard rules (legislation). The study reviewed the leading theories of innovation as well as the foundational papers in net neutrality to explain the observed discrepancies. The research finds significant statistical support for “soft” net neutrality measures adopted on a voluntary basis. Hard rules adopted through legislation and regulation were not associated with greater mobile app development for the given country. Denmark increased in local mobile app development while Netherlands decreased. Additionally, the explosion of mobile apps from countries with no net neutrality rules and the general dearth of mobile apps from countries which have had hard rules for years runs counter to expected results. This suggests that policymakers revisit their assumptions and expectations for net neutrality policy.
Ein „großer Wurf"? Gaius trifft Demosthenes
Authors: Scheibelreiter Philipp 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

A "lucky strike"? Gaius meets Demosthenes. In D. 50,16,233,2 Gaius explains the expression telum (missile). As the fragment derives from his commentary on the twelve tables, the majority of modern scholars tends to refer this to 12 Tab. 8,12–13, which deals with the justified killing of the armed thief. But regarding the context, it seems to be more reasonable to connect the fragment with 12 Tab. 8,24a (which deals with unintended killing with a spear). This interpretation can be supported by the fact that one passage of the commentary shows great similarities with an old Athenian law that at least can be ascribed to Solon and that Gaius could have cited as he did on other occasions in his commentary.
Scaevola D. 32,37,3: Fideicommissum a debitore oder a donatario relictum?
Authors: Kleňová Veronika 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Scaevola D. 32,37,3: Fideicommissum a debitore or a donatario relictum? Classical Roman law did not know revocation of a gift. Thus, the donation in D. 32,37,3 is neither a revocable gift nor a donatio mortis causa. On the other hand, the son could be burdened with a fideicom-missum because he was debtor of the deceased. The relation between his obligation and the fideicommissum is the key to understand Scaevolas decision.
In margine – Annotationen in der Handschrift Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417
Authors: Trump Dominik 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In margine – Annotations in codex Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417. This paper deals with Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417, a 9th century manuscript containing quite a few annotations, especially in the margin. Within the text of the Epitome Aegidii, five nota signs clearly indicate a user's special interests. The annotations will be analysed regarding their functions, and it will be emphasized that the reception of a text can be clearly understood based on the evidence in the manuscript itself.
Balancing Extrasynaptic Excitation and Synaptic Inhibition within Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli
Authors: Gire David H. , Zak Joseph D. , Bourne Jennifer N. , Goodson Noah B. , Schoppa Nathan E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlutamatergic transmission in the brain typically occurs at well-defined synaptic connections, but increasing evidence indicates that neural excitation can also occur through activation of “extrasynaptic” glutamate receptors. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms and functional properties of extrasynaptic signals that are part of a feedforward path of information flow in the olfactory bulb. This pathway involves glutamatergic interneurons, external tufted cells (eTCs), that are excited by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and in turn excite output mitral cells (MCs) extrasynaptically. Using pair-cell and triple-cell recordings in rat bulb slices (of either sex), combined with ultrastructural approaches, we first present evidence that eTC-to-MC signaling results from “spillover” of glutamate released at eTC synapses onto GABAergic periglomerular (PG) cells in glomeruli. Thus, feedforward excitation is an indirect result of and must cooccur with activation of inhibitory circuitry. Next, to examine the dynamics of the competing signals, we assayed the relationship between the number of spikes in eTCs and excitation of MCs or PG cells in pair-cell recordings. This showed that extrasynaptic excitation in MCs is very weak due to single spikes but rises sharply and supralinearly with increasing spikes, differing from sublinear behavior for synaptic excitation of PG cells. Similar dynamics leading to a preference for extrasynaptic excitation were also observed during recordings of extrasynaptic and inhibitory currents in response to OSN input of increasing magnitude. The observed alterations in the balance between extrasynaptic excitation and inhibition in glomeruli with stimulus strength could underlie an intraglomerular mechanism for olfactory contrast enhancement.
A generic method to construct new customized-shaped haotic systems using the relative motion concept
Authors: Curiac Daniel-Ioan , Volosencu Constantin 
Published: July 2019

Constructing chaotic systems tailored for each particular real-world application has been a long-term research desideratum. We report a solution for this problem based on the concept of relative motion. We investigate the periodic motion on a closed contour of a coordinate frame in which a chaotic system evolves. By combining these two motions (periodic on a close contour and chaotic) new customized shape trajectories are acquired. We demonstrate that these trajectories obtained in the stationary frame are also chaotic and, moreover, conserve the Lyapunov exponents of the initial chaotic system. Based on this finding we developed an innovative method to construct new chaotic systems with customized shapes, thus fulfilling the requirements of any particular application of chaos.
Effect of Service Quality on Satisfaction and its Impact on Loyalty of Santri Pesantren Student Al Ma'soem
Authors: Dimyati Dadang 
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to analyze the influence of service quality on satisfaction and the impacts on loyalty intention of students Al Ma’soem Boarding School. The research data was obtained from primary data by distributing questionnaires to 100 students of junior high school and senior high school in Al Ma’soem Boarding School. The findings of this study indicate that there is influence between the Service quality and satisfaction on the loyalty students in Al Ma’soem Boarding School. F test results showed that the Service quality and the satisfaction simultaneously affect to loyalty students in Al Ma’soem Boarding School. The R-square value obtained amounted to 0.417, or 41,7%, meaning that simultaneous Service quality and satisfaction contribute to the effect of 41,7% on loyalty students in Al Ma’soem Boarding School, as for the influence of others factors are 58,3%.
RELIGIOSITY AMONG WORKING CLASS ( A Study of the implementation of Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower in The Rights to Perform Religious Obligations
Authors: Fatahillah Ikhwan Aulia , Anugrah Dadan 
Published: July 2019

The implementation of Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower is intriguing to discuss since companies often violate and are apathetic in the right to act for employees' religious beliefs. The limited facilities of worship in the workplace also represents the commitment engagement of the company towards promulgated regulations which is still not implemented.The purpose of this study is to provide the more specified description and understanding towards the religiosity and implementation of Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower concerning The Rights to Perform Religious Obligations for Laborers. This study, which focuses on the religiosity of this worker class, took two different places, namely in Bekasi Regency and Subang Regency.This study uses qualitative methods which enables to reveal the actual circumstances. More specifically, qualitative research can be identified by the aim of research that seeks to understand the manifestation that does not require quantification--or because this manifestation is unable to be accurately measured. In relation to the method, the data collecting techniques are as follows: (1) nonparticipant observation and (2) in-depth interviews. While the data analysis starts from (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions.By this study, the authors concluded: (1) companies that have become research object in Bekasi and Subang District have provided worship facilities and infrastructure as regulated in Act N. 13 of 2003 on Manpower in the Respect to Perform Religious Obligations. On the other hand, the workers still look forward some improvements on quality and quantity of worship facilities to emerge conveniences in performing worship; and (2) in general, the religiosity among working class is found at an average level. In other words, the workers truly believe in God (Allah) with common knowledge about faith. They also perform religious practices as the evidence of the faith itself and as proof of obedience to God. Besides carrying out the orders of religion (worship), the workers also put some expectations on the reward as the way to accomplish the glory on Earth and afterlife. However, the workers realize that the worship carried out would not come to a subjective perspective (their dialogue with supernatural powers, Allah). The workers also attempt to make religion as the basis of all actions as they consider the consequences of the life on Earth for the afterlife.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF INDEPENDENCE AND PROFESSIONALISM OF INDONESIAN ULEMA COUNCIL TOWARDS HALAL GUARANTEE CERTIFICATION ON PROCESSED FOOD INDUSTRY IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Nurhayani Neng Yani , Muslim Sarip 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the mechanism of Halal Guarantee Certification publication in the food processing industry in West Java; and the application of the principle of independence and professionalism of The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in awarding Halal Guarantee Certification for processed food industries in West Java. Additionally, this study is a field research using a qualitative approach. The mechanism of awarding Halal Guarantee Certification begins with the company stating written objectives of the certification's implementation for the company regarding the rules outlined by The Research Institution on Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LPPOM) and explaining the scope of application of guarantee systems in the corporate environment; begun with purchasing, receiving materials, production lines, storage of materials and products, transportation and distribution, as well as food displaying and serving (for restaurants to be assessed by LPPOM). The independence aspect is not only identified through being independent at organizing an institution; moreover, the careful consideration of expertise, field data, and also appearance must be the main indicators. The application of the professionalism principle, by The Indonesian Ulema Council in awarding Halal Guarantee Certification for the processed food industries in West Java, can be indicated through the method of assessing processed food industry products. As the result, The Ulema Council has been able to carry out excellent and appropriate coordination by giving this role to LPPOM.
Wafting incense and heavenly foods
Authors: Arthur Shawn 
Published: July 2019

The most notable impressions of religious sites and festivals in China often relate to how smells of burning incense and cooking foods help to create their special atmospheres. This may be because the Chinese word for ‘worship’ includes the order to light incense to the gods. By examining the importance of smells to a Chinese religious experience, this article analyses how scents heighten and shape people’s memories and emotions, as well as helping to foster the ‘hot and lively’ social aspects of China’s temples and religious festivals.
Stochastic Strong Ground Motion Simulation of the Southern Aegean Sea Benioff Zone Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes
Authors: Kkallas Ch. , Papazachos C. B. , Margaris B. N. , Boore D. , Ventouzi Ch. , Skarlatoudis A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe employ the stochastic finite‐fault modeling approach of Motazedian and Atkinson (2005), as adapted by Boore (2009), for the simulation of Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in the southern Aegean Sea subduction (southern Greece). To calibrate the necessary model parameters of the stochastic finite‐fault method, we used waveform data from both acceleration and broadband‐velocity sensor instruments for intermediate‐depth earthquakes (depths ∼45–140  km) with M 4.5–6.7 that occurred along the southern Aegean Sea Wadati–Benioff zone. The anelastic attenuation parameters employed for the simulations were adapted from recent studies, suggesting large back‐arc to fore‐arc attenuation differences. High‐frequency spectral slopes (kappa values) were constrained from the analysis of a large number of earthquakes from the high‐density EGELADOS (Exploring the Geodynamics of Subducted Lithosphere Using an Amphibian Deployment of Seismographs) temporary network. Because of the lack of site‐specific information, generic site amplification functions available for the Aegean Sea region were adopted. Using the previous source, path, and site‐effect constraints, we solved for the stress‐parameter values by a trial‐and‐error approach, in an attempt to fit the FAS of the available intermediate‐depth earthquake waveforms. Despite the fact that most source, path, and site model parameters are based on independent studies and a single source parameter (stress parameter) is optimized, an excellent comparison between observations and simulations is found for both peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV), as well as for FAS values. The final stress‐parameter values increase with moment magnitude, reaching large values (>300  bars) for events M≥6.0. Blind tests for an event not used for the model calibration verify the good agreement of the simulated and observed ground motions for both back‐arc and along‐arc stations. The results suggest that the employed approach can be efficiently used for the modeling of large historical intermediate‐depth earthquakes, as well as for seismic hazard assessment for similar intermediate‐depth events in the southern Aegean Sea area.
Ground Surface Deformation Caused by the Mw 5.8 Early Strong Aftershock following the 13 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Mainshock
Authors: Meng Qingjun , Ni Sidao , Guo Aizhi , Zhou Yong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake on 13 November 2016 is one of the most complex events ever recorded, with surface rupture found on more than a dozen faults. Within about 10 minutes after the mainshock, an Mw 5.8 event occurred and caused an 8 cm static displacement at high‐rate Global Positioning System (GPS) station KAIK, which was not accounted for in previous mainshock studies. In this article, we focus on the Mw 5.8 aftershock including (1) relocating the hypocenter using the hypo2000 method, (2) conducting a grid search for its point‐source mechanism and centroid location using seismic waveforms at four nearby stations, (3) inverting finite‐fault models of this event based on grid‐searched fault mechanism, and (4) calculating the surface ground deformation and estimating the deformation in the line of sight (LoS) directions of the ascending and descending Advanced Land Observation Satellite‐2 (ALOS‐2). Although we are not able to resolve the ruptured fault of the Mw 5.8 aftershock because of limited observation data, we estimate that this event can generate 10–20 cm ground surface displacement and affect the ground displacement observed on the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data near the Kaikōura Peninsular.
Earthquake Succession
Authors: Lynch Joseph 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Do earthquakes succeed one another in any definite direction? Is there any definite order in which they occur? The epicenters for about six years were plotted month by month according to time of occurrence on Mercator’s projection. In most cases succeeding epicenters progressed from west to east. In some cases the progression was striking; but there were frequent cases of steady progression from east to west. The results as studied so far only warrant the conclusion “There is a slight tendency for succeeding epicenters to progress from west to east rather than vice versa.”
The Earthquake of October 21, 1965 and Precambrian Structure in Missouri
Authors: Kisslinger Carl , Nuttli Otto W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A revised location, origin time, and hypocentral depth for the Missouri earthquake of October 21, 1965, were calculated for various crustal models. The depth is small, less than 15 km. The intensity data from the earthquake show a clear connection to the major Precambrian structure in the central part of the state. The areas of perceptibility and damage are shifted to the northwest, relative to the epicenter, along a major structural lineament. Low intensities coincide with the Tertiary and Quarternary sediments of the Mississippi embayment, to the southwest of the epicenter.
Hydroselsmicity: A Hypothesis for The Role of Water in the Generation of Intraplate Seismicity
Authors: Costain John K. , Bollinger G. A. , Speer J. Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A new hypothesis termed Hydroseismicity that has hydrologic (diffusion of pore pressure transients from recharge areas of groundwater basins), geologic (rifted, fractured crust), and chemical (solubility of minerals) elements is proposed to explain the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity. Its basis is a spatial correlation in the southeastern U. S. between 1) seismogenic crustal volumes of high seismicity, 2) large gravity-driven river basins that can provide an adequate supply of water to the upper- and mid-crust, and 3) a permeable crust that is tectonically stressed close to failure. It is suggested that in crustal volumes with a combination of connected fractures and adequate groundwater, natural transient increases in hydraulic head in recharge areas of groundwater basins can be transmitted to depths of 10–20 km, and thereby trigger earthquakes, via a flow-path geometry that resembles except for scale the model familiar to groundwater hydrologists for near-surface flow. Possible trigger mechanisms for Hydroseismicity include small increases in fluid pressure at hypocentral depths caused by such transient increases, and hydrolytic weakening of minerals that leads to structural weakening. Implicit in the model is a diffuse distribution of epicenters (as is observed in the region) rather than concentrations along discrete geologie (faults) or geomorphic (rivers) elements. Open fractures imply fracture roughness, i.e., asperities under a higher stress that keep fractures open even in an ambient tectonic stress field. Intraplate earthquakes in a fractured crust prestressed to near-failure are thus postulated to be triggered by small transient increases in fluid pressure transmitted along preexisting fractures in a rock fabric weakened by stress corrosion of asperities. Abundant petrologic evidence is available to justify an assumption of fracture permeability to depths of 20 km near passive rifted margins. All four principal seismogenic volumes in the southeastern U. S. are within gravity-driven groundwater basins that can provide an abundant supply of water to the ernst, and that intersect known or suspected Eocambrian or Mesozoic rifted crust. The host basins have the largest surface recharge areas and contain rivers with the highest average stream gradients as measured from their headwaters to the Fall Line. Seismicity in the region is characterized by steeply dipping focal mechanism nodal planes and diffuse alignments and/or clusters of epicenters. These characteristics are compatible with a steep to vertical fracture fabric currently being reactivated by porc pressure diffusion from surface recharge of groundwater basins.