bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal birth cohort study found that a significant proportion of children had abnormal metabolic profiles and insulin resistance at 6 years of age
Authors: Kjellberg Emma , Roswall Josefine , Bergman Stefan , Almqvist‐Tangen Gerd , Alm Bernt , Dahlgren Jovanna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimMetabolic syndrome represents a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and we investigated whether otherwise healthy 6‐year‐olds showed metabolic alterations.MethodsThis study followed up a representative Swedish population‐based cohort of full‐term infants recruited on the maternity ward at Hallands Hospital Halmstad, Sweden, from 2008 to 2011. They were examined at a mean of 6.6 years of age (range 6.5–6.9) using various measures for signs of metabolic syndrome.ResultsOne key measure showed that 55 (26%) of the 212 children had one or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome requiring action. The 37 who were obese (3%) or overweight (14%) were significantly more likely to be insulin resistant than the normal weight group (28% versus 5%, p < 0.001) and have high triglycerides (8% versus 0%, p < 0.001). Children with high waist circumferences had higher systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic (p = 0.02) blood pressure than those with normal waist circumferences. Waist circumference identified children at high risk of metabolic syndrome better than body mass index.ConclusionA significant percentage of 6‐year‐old children showed abnormal metabolic profiles, including insulin resistance, which increased their risk of cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference was a stronger marker for metabolic alterations than body mass index.
Long‐acting injectable antipsychotics as maintenance treatments for bipolar disorder—A critical review of the evidence
Authors: Boyce Philip , Irwin Lauren , Morris Grace , Hamilton Amber , Mulder Roger , Malhi Gin S , Porter Richard J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe maintenance phase of bipolar disorder is arguably the most important. The aim of management during this time is to maintain wellness and prevent future episodes of illness. Medication is often the mainstay of treatment during this phase, but adherence to treatment is a significant problem. In recent years, long‐acting injectable (LAI) solutions have been proposed, but these too have limitations. This paper discusses the options that are currently available and critically appraises the effectiveness of this strategy.MethodThe authors reviewed the small number of open‐label and randomised studies on LAI medications in bipolar disorder and evaluated the efficacy and safety of these medications.ResultsThe studies reviewed show benefit of LAIs for the management of bipolar disorder but have several key limitations to the generalisability of findings to routine practice.ConclusionsLAIs have an emerging role in the management of bipolar disorder and, although it is not without limitations, this strategy addresses some issues of long‐term treatment and medication. Patients with bipolar disorder that are non‐adherent or have an unstable illness with a predilection towards mania are possibly better suited to the use of LAIs, though more research is required to fully assess the effectiveness of this approach.
Matrix metalloproteinases gene polymorphism haplotype is a risk factor to implant loss: A case‐control study
Authors: de Araujo Munhoz Francielle Boçon , Branco Filipe Polese , Souza Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues , dos Santos Maria Cristina Leme Godoy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDental implants consist in the treatment of choice to replace tooth loss. The knowledge that implant loss tends to cluster in subsets of individuals may indicate that host response is influenced by genetic factors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that contribute to degradation and removal of collagen from extracellular matrix.PurposeThis case‐control study aimed to investigate the haplotypic combination of MMP polymorphism (rs1144393, rs1799750, rs3025058, and rs11225395) and implant loss.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred nonsmokers subjects were matched by gender, age, implant number and position and divided in control group, 100 patients with one or more healthy implants, and test group, and 100 patients with one or more implant failures. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotypes were obtained by PCR‐RFLP.ResultsA significant association of rs1799750 (MMP‐1) and rs11225395 (MMP‐8) polymorphism on early implant loss was demonstrated (P ≤ 0.001). Global haplotype analysis indicated a significant difference between both groups (P < 0.0001). Haplotype T‐A‐GG‐5A‐C had a statistically significant risk effect, while haplotype C‐A‐G‐6A‐C andT‐G‐2G‐5A‐C had a protective effect in implant loss.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that MMPs haplotype are a risk factor to early implant loss.
Proceedings of the 6th ITI Consensus Conference
Authors: Wismeijer Daniel , Chen Stephen T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 6th ITI Consensus Conference was held in Amsterdam on 17–19 April 2018. In preparation for the conference, 21 systematic reviews were written. They were divided into five main topics in dental implantology—surgery, prosthodontics, patient‐reported outcomes, complications/risk and digital technologies. Based on these review papers, the working groups prepared consensus statements, clinical guidelines and recommendations for future research.
Pour une meilleure prévention des accidents du travail mortels au Portugal
Authors: SANTOS António J. R. , REBELO Efigénio L. , MENDES Júlio C. 
Published: October 2018

RésuméLe Portugal présente un taux d'incidence des accidents du travail mortels élevé. Pour remédier à cette situation, dans un contexte budgétaire contraint, les autorités devraient concentrer leur action sur les principaux déterminants de ces accidents. Les auteurs s'appliquent à isoler ces facteurs au moyen d'un modèle de régression logistique, établissant que le risque est accru pour les seniors, les titulaires d'un contrat de durée indéterminée, les salariés des grandes entreprises et des sites commerciaux ou tertiaires et ceux qui ont été exposés à certains types d'événements («débordement, renversement, fuite, écoulement, vaporisation ou dégagement») ou de lésions («troubles musculo‐squelettiques et plaies», «fractures et amputations traumatiques»).
Chocs de demande et ajustements d'effectifs: la législation protectrice de l'emploi crée‐t‐elle des rigidités?
Authors: SOFI Irfan Ahmad , KUNROO Mohd Hussain 
Published: October 2018

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'effet des chocs de demande sur les ajustements d'effectifs dans les États indiens et le rôle en la matière de la législation protectrice de l'emploi (LPE). L'analyse repose sur des données de panel relatives au secteur manufacturier (2000–2012), les ajustements étant représentés par le taux de rotation du personnel. Elle montre que la LPE n'empêche pas les compressions d'effectifs: les taux de sortie, liés par une relation inverse à la rigueur de la LPE, réagissent plus fortement aux chocs de demande négatifs dans les États protecteurs. Les auteurs en concluent que la LPE sert l'intérêt des entreprises comme celui des travailleurs.
Effets du cycle économique sur la stabilité de l'emploi en Europe
Authors: BACHMANN Ronald , FELDER Rahel 
Published: October 2018

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'évolution de l'ancienneté au travail dans l'Union européenne entre 2002 et 2012, en exploitant les microdonnées de l'enquête sur les forces de travail (EFT‐UE) d'Eurostat. Ils observent une légère hausse des valeurs moyennes en la matière, imputable au fait que les suppressions de postes pendant la crise ont touché principalement les travailleurs les plus récemment embauchés. Une tendance à la baisse de l'ancienneté moyenne apparaît toutefois lorsqu'on tient compte de l'évolution démographique de la main‐d'œuvre. Les fortes disparités observées entre pays avant et pendant la crise montrent l'importance du cadre institutionnel, et surtout de la législation protectrice de l'emploi (LPE).
El control del cumplimiento importa: La regulación laboral efectiva
Authors: KANBUR Ravi , RONCONI Lucas 
Published: October 2018

ResumenPese a la distinción teórica entre regulación de jure y de facto, los estudios empíricos sobre el efecto de la legislación laboral en el mercado de trabajo no la contemplan por falta de datos. Las investigaciones que indican consecuencias negativas de esta legislación, fundamento del debate sobre políticas, solo utilizan indicadores de su rigor. Se proponen aquí indicadores basados en el control efectivo de su cumplimiento que apuntan a una correlación negativa entre rigidez normativa y grado de control. Al incluir el factor efectividad, los resultados anteriores sobre los efectos de la reglamentación laboral y la teoría de los orígenes jurídicos no se mantienen.
Determinantes económicos y no económicos del desempleo juvenil en la Unión Europea
Authors: TOMIĆ Iva 
Published: October 2018

ResumenEn este artículo se investigan los principales determinantes del desempleo juvenil en la Unión Europea de 2002 a 2014 mediante la estimación de modelos con datos de panel sobre los 28 Estados miembros. Se reconoce la heterogeneidad interna de la UE estimando los modelos para submuestras de países con tasas «altas» y «bajas» de desempleo juvenil. Se concluye que el desempleo juvenil es más grave en los países con escaso crecimiento del PIB, con poca actividad de construcción y con una elevada deuda pública. Otros factores importantes son la escasa movilidad resultante de la vivienda en propiedad, la corrupción, las remesas y las dificultades de los jóvenes para independizarse del hogar parental.
Fiscal Consequences of the Refugee Crisis
Authors: Gál Zsolt 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe European Union faced an unprecedented influx of asylum seekers during the 2014–2016 refugee and migration crisis. The admitted refugees pose a critical challenge, but at the same time represent an opportunity for the host countries’ public finances. If the fiscal balance of immigration is positive, then migrants become net contributors to public budgets, helping to alleviate the aging related fiscal burden. However, we argue that this is highly unlikely to happen with refugees entering extensive European welfare states, at least in the short and medium term. By reviewing the existing empirical literature, we demonstrate that the research on the fiscal effects of refugee (or non‐Western) immigration almost uniformly supports the conclusion that the fiscal balance is going to be negative. The noble aims of humanitarian obligation to accept refugees seem to be in conflict with the pragmatic economic interest – a fiscally beneficial immigration – this time.
The relationship between urinary incontinence and obesity in childhood
Authors: Monkhouse Krista , Caldwell Patrina HY , Barnes Elizabeth H 
Published: October 2018

AimTo explore associations between weight and type/frequency of urinary incontinence (UI) in children presenting to a tertiary hospital incontinence clinic.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of children who first attended the incontinence clinic at The Children's Hospital at Westmead between January 2004 and December 2014. A random sample of 1000 children was selected from 2022 patient records, and data were collected on weight, height, age, gender, UI parameters, bowel habits and medical history. Associations between predictors (weight categories, gender, snoring, constipation, faecal incontinence) and outcomes (daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and nocturnal enuresis (NE)) were examined using χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 862 children were included in the study; 54% were male, and 28% were overweight/obese. No evidence of difference was found between the underweight/normal and overweight/obese weight children with NE (34 vs. 39%), DUI (7 vs. 9%) or combined NE and DUI (58 vs. 52.1%), P = 0.23. The frequency of NE (83 vs. 82%, P = 0.56) and DUI (52 vs. 58%, P = 0.20) was similar between the weight groups.ConclusionIn a large cohort of children presenting to a tertiary incontinence clinic, weight was not associated with the type or frequency of UI.
Investigation of a novel variable dosing protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism
Authors: Morré Wendy A. , Panciera David L. , Daniel Gregory B. , Monroe William E. , Werre Stephen 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRadioiodine is the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism in cats. The ideal method of dose determination of radioiodine remains controversial.ObjectiveTo compare a method of radioiodine dose determination that utilized thyroid scintigraphy with a standard fixed dose for treatment of hyperthyroidism.AnimalsFifty‐seven and 23 client‐owned hyperthyroid cats in the variable and fixed dose groups, respectively.MethodsCats with a percent dose uptake using99mTc‐pertechnetate uptake on thyroid scintigraphy <5%, 5%‐10%, and >10% were to receive 3, 3.5, or 4.5 millicuries (mCi) of radioiodine, respectively, administered SC. Radioiodine dose was adjusted according to thyroid gland size as determined by the thyroid:salivary size ratio and categorized as <5:1, 5‐10:1, and >10:1. If the thyroid size fell into a higher dosing category than the percent dose uptake, the dose was increased accordingly. Cats in the fixed dose group received 4.5 mCi. Six months after treatment, cats were determined to be euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid based on serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations.ResultsNo difference in outcome was found between the variable and fixed dose treatment groups. Euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and persistent hyperthyroidism developed in 61, 30, and 9% of cats in the fixed dose group compared to 58, 26, and 16%, respectively, in the variable dose group.ConclusionsA variable dosing method of radioiodine based on percent dose uptake primarily and thyroid gland size secondarily did not improve outcome compared to a standard fixed dose method.
Small‐scale egg production centres increase children's egg consumption in rural Zambia
Authors: Dumas Sarah E. , Lewis Dale , Travis Alexander J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnimal source foods can efficiently enhance dietary quality, but they remain inaccessible and unaffordable for many women and young children in remote, low‐income communities. We piloted an intervention in which 20 groups established egg production centres (EPCs) in their rural Zambian communities to increase the availability of eggs in the local food system. In a repeated cross‐sectional design over 1 year (midline [4 months after the start of egg production] and endline [11 months]), we evaluated programme impact on household egg acquisition within those communities and on egg consumption and height‐for‐agezscore (HAZ) among young children (6–36 months) using multilevel linear, logistic, and truncated negative binomial regression techniques. At midline, households in project areas were significantly more likely to consume eggs than those in control areas (OR 2.08, 95% CI [1.56, 2.78]), particularly those located within 250 m of the EPC. Similarly, children living in project communities were significantly more likely to consume eggs at midline than those in control areas (OR 5.53, 95% CI [2.90, 10.58]). Although increased over baseline, egg acquisition and consumption decreased by endline because of depressed egg production over time. There was no impact on children's HAZ, likely because of the short follow‐up time and relatively modest “dose” of egg consumption. Although productivity can be improved, the EPC programme offers a novel approach to improving access to eggs in rural communities, and optimization of the production practices and marketing is needed to ensure that egg consumption translates to improved dietary quality, growth, and health.
Increasing egg availability through smallholder business models in East Africa and India
Authors: Beesabathuni Kalpana , Lingala Srujith , Kraemer Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAvailability and consumption of eggs, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia, is low despite their apparent benefits. We investigated constraints in egg production in four countries; Kenya, Ethiopia, Malawi, and India and identified five business models that are viable and sustainable. They are (a) micro‐franchising, (b) microfinancing, (c) co‐operative farming, (d) enterprise development, and (e) out‐grower model. All of them involve smallholder farmers to increase egg production. These farmers have access to soft loans and use improved inputs and extension services to varying degrees. Inputs include resilient breeds of day‐old chicks or point‐of‐lay hens, feed, vaccines, medicines, and housing. Outgrower and enterprise development models have a significant potential of rapidly increasing egg yields, achieve self‐sufficiency, operate at or near scale, and provide a high income for the farmers. This study shows how a range of actors in commercial, not‐for‐profit and microfinance sectors with specialized skills, can facilitate the transformation of the egg production sector. Specific skills include brooding (hatchery operations), feed milling, aggregation, and training of smallholder farmers or large‐scale rearing. The five archetypes we describe here are promising ways to increase egg availability in rural areas.
Family poultry: Multiple roles, systems, challenges, and options for sustainable contributions to household nutrition security through a planetary health lens
Authors: Alders Robyn G. , Dumas Sarah E. , Rukambile Elpidius , Magoke Godfrey , Maulaga Wende , Jong Joanita , Costa Rosa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAchieving sustainable production of eggs by family poultry production systems that meet both environmental health and welfare standards is a complex endeavour. Humans have been raising different species of poultry for thousands of years across many different agroecological zones. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has identified four different family poultry production systems: small extensive, extensive, semi‐intensive, and intensive. Each of these systems varies in terms of inputs, outputs, gender dimensions, poultry health and welfare, and environmental impacts. This paper addresses key issues associated with the production of family poultry eggs in support of both improved maternal and child nutrition and sustainable, nutrition‐sensitive agricultural practices. It provides an overview of the history of poultry raising; characteristics of the different family poultry production systems; challenges and solutions to poultry production in low‐ and middle‐income countries; poultry husbandry (including breeds, nutrition, and shelter); infectious disease prevention and control in line with national and international animal health regulations; and food safety (microbial pathogens, toxins, and egg storage). To ensure that bird, human, and environmental health can flourish, it is essential for interdisciplinary research and development teams to work in collaboration with communities to ensure the long‐term environmental and economic sustainability of family poultry production enterprises that are a good fit with local circumstances.
The Lulun Project's social marketing strategy in a trial to introduce eggs during complementary feeding in Ecuador
Authors: Gallegos‐Riofrío Carlos Andres , Waters William F. , Salvador José Miguel , Carrasco Amaya M. , Lutter Chessa K. , Stewart Christine P. , Iannotti Lora L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Lulun Project incorporated a social marketing strategy that accompanied a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a food‐based intervention that introduced eggs into the complementary feeding diet of Ecuadorian infants. This strategy was designed to promote behaviour change, in this case, egg consumption, through voluntary prosocial behaviour, empowerment, and brand loyalty. A three‐phase social marketing strategy (design, campaigns, and evaluation) contributed to our successful RTC by applying techniques drawn from marketing, publicity, design, and communications. To develop the strategy, we conducted (a) market research focused on culturally based norms, values, and local expectations; (b) a situational assessment based on the four Ps of social marketing (people, product, place, and price); and (c) fostered a creative process to develop the project's brand and communication plan. The strategy combined a communication plan, brand, and activities that were implemented in four campaigns: outreach, recruitment, promotion, and closing. Our evaluation showed that the social marketing strategy was instrumental in promoting the RCT's objectives and responding to unforeseen events and community concerns regarding the RCT. The strategy resulted in high compliance, low attrition, and infant feeding policy change, including Ecuador's Ministry of Public Health new complementary feeding guidelines for introducing eggs early in complementary feeding. Use of social marketing techniques, like those in our study, could be key for scaling up this food‐based intervention—or others like it—in Ecuador and beyond.
The Eight Big Negotiation Mistakes that Entrepreneurs Make
Authors: Dinnar Samuel , Susskind Lawrence 
Published: October 2018

Entrepreneurs, whose job is to transform ideas into new products or services for which there is a market, pride themselves on creating disruption and driving innovation. But they often fumble key interactions because they don't know how to handle the negotiation challenges that almost always arise.Entrepreneurship typically entails a series of interactions between founders, partners, potential partners, investors, and others at various stages of the entrepreneurial process – from the “seed” stage when the business is just an idea to the “exit” stage when the entrepreneur sells or departs. We have scrutinized the full range of entrepreneurial negotiations seeking to identify the most common negotiation mistakes that entrepreneurs make, and in this article we describe eight of them. We discuss how they can learn to prevent these mistakes – especially through proper preparation – and which strategies they can deploy to overcome the mistakes they do make.
Cysteine‐rich protein 61, a specific ultra‐early biomarker in kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Chenyu , Zhao Long , Wang Yanfei , Che Lin , Luan Hong , Luo Congjuan , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAimStudies have shown that cysteine‐rich protein 61 (Cyr61) increased in the post‐ischemic human kidney tissue. However, it is still unknown whether Cyr61 can be used as a biomarker in kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.MethodsMicroarray data were collected from GSE58438 and GSE52004. The rat I/R model was established to evaluate the messenger RNA and protein expression of Cyr61, localization of Cyr61 by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and changes in serum creatinine (Scr) at the same time.ResultsBioinformatics result showed that Cyr61 was significantly increased at 3 h after I/R in rat kidney, and involved in angiogene, positive regulation of locomotion and single organism cell adhesion. The rat I/R model results showed that Cyr61 was mainly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells with I/R injury and the expression of Cyr61 was up‐regulated at I/R 1 h, peaked at 4–8 h and began to decay at 12 h. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristics of kidney tissue Cyr61 messenger RNA and urine Cyr61 were 90.2% and 86.1%, which all better than Scr 67.1% (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe made a preliminary investigation of the relationship between Cyr61 and AKI, which identifies that Cyr61 may replace Scr as an ultra‐early new biomarker in AKI.