bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Temporal Landscape of Breast Cancer Using Epigenetic Entropy
Authors: shibata darryl , Monyak Daniel , Holloway Shannon , Gumbert Graham , Grimm Lars , Hwang Shelley , Marks Jeffrey , Ryser Marc 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Although generally unknown, the age of a newly diagnosed tumor encodes valuable etiologic and prognostic information. Here, we estimate the age of breast cancers, defined as the time from the start of growth to detection, using a measure of epigenetic entropy derived from genome-wide methylation arrays. Based on an ensemble of neutrally fluctuating CpG (fCpG) sites, this stochastic epigenetic clock differs from conventional clocks that measure age-related increases in methylation. We show that younger tumors exhibit hallmarks of aggressiveness, such as increased proliferation and genomic instability, whereas older tumors are characterized by elevated immune infiltration, indicative of enhanced immune surveillance. These findings suggest that the clock captures a tumor's effective growth rate resulting from the evolutionary-ecological competition between intrinsic growth potential and external systemic pressures. Because of the clock’s ability to delineate old and stable from young and aggressive tumors, it has potential applications in risk stratification of early-stage breast cancers and guiding early detection efforts.
Efficacy and safety of givosiran in Japanese patients with acute hepatic porphyria: Clinical findings from an expanded access study
Authors: Ozaki Nobuaki , Goto Yoshie , Fujii Norihisa , Oyama Takuro , Frascello Karen , Camejo Ana , Adachi Tomohide 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP), a rare genetic disorder, causes life-threatening porphyria attacks and chronic pain and impairs daily functioning and quality of life. Recently, a new siRNA therapy, givosiran, became available for AHP. This open-label, multicenter, single-arm study expanded access to givosiran and further explored its safety and efficacy in 10 Japanese patients with AHP. Participants received monthly subcutaneous injections of givosiran (2.5 mg/kg). Three patients were continued from the phase III ENVISION study of givosiran, and seven were newly recruited. Assessments comprised clinical AHP features, urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) levels, use of hemin to treat attacks, and the Givosiran Patient Experience Questionnaire (GPEQ). Urinary ALA and PBG levels remained at or below upper limits of normal levels throughout the study. The GPEQ showed symptomatic improvement in eight participants. Of the eight adverse events, five were deemed by the investigator to be related to givosiran. One patient experienced two attacks, which required urgent healthcare visits but no hemin use. Generally, the safety profile was consistent with that previously observed. All adverse events were nonserious, and no deaths occurred. The study indicates that monthly givosiran administration is safe and clinically useful in Japanese patients with AHP.
The impact of disclosure information level based on blockchain technology on the joint decision-making for carbon reduction and pricing in the fresh e-commerce supply chain
Authors: Jiang Yingmei , Mou Jinjin , Yang Xin , Wei Jinyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the e-commerce market has led customers to pursue the convenience of shopping while concurrently heightening their focus on the safety of food products purchased through online channels.This consumer demand trend is one of the main reasons why blockchain technology is increasingly being applied to food information tracking in the fresh e-commerce sector. Based on observations of fresh e-commerce practices, we studythe role of blockchain in an environmentally friendly fresh e-commerce supply chain. Firstly, the positive and negative impacts of adopting blockchain technology on the operation of fresh e-commerce are considered. After providing quantitative descriptions on these impacts, we construct a two-echelonsupply chain game model under different power structures, with and without the adoptionof blockchain technology. Secondly, the optimal pricing, the optimal commission, the optimal per-unit carbon reduction, and the blockchain investment decisions for the supply chain are derived across different scenarios. Differences in supply chain performances before and after the adoption of blockchain technology under two power structures (decentralized decision-making and integrated decision-making) are contrasted, as well as the variations between two power structures before and after blockchain adoption. Finally, in the mathematical simulation section, we also analyzed the impact of the level of information disclosure based on blockchain on supply chain decisions and the conditions for adopting blockchain technology. We found some interesting results: When adopting the blockchain technology, integrated decision-making does not necessarily have an absolute advantage in terms of system profit and product price. Especially when only partial product information is disclosed, the advantage of this power structure in integrated decision-making is weakened. Compared with suppliers of fresh agricultural products, the intrinsic motivation for e-commerce platforms under the agency model to adopt blockchain technology is stronger. When the conditions for demand sensitivity factors or technology cost factors are met, integrated decision-making following the adoption of blockchain technology can outperform decentralized decision-making in every aspect.
Two-step grain boundary diffusion mechanism of a dopant accompanied by structural transformation
Authors: Yang Chuchu , Feng Bin , Futazuka Toshihiro , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Dopant diffusion along grain boundaries (GBs) plays a critical role in modulating the GB chemistry, which further governs the microstructures and properties of polycrystalline materials. Here, we have investigated atomistic GB dopant diffusion behaviors by directly tracing GB structures and chemistries in a Ti-diffused Al2O3 GB, using atomic resolution electron microscopy, spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Our observations unveiled that the dopant diffusion has induced a GB structural transformation. Furthermore, such structural transformation led to an unexpected dramatic variation of GB diffusion coefficients for Ti diffusion, which differ by two orders of magnitude in the two different GB structures. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the dopant diffusion and segregation phenomena in GBs, which renews our fundamental understanding towards the intricate nature of GB diffusion processes.
Analysis of factors influencing patient caregivers preparedness during the Neurosurgery ICU transition： A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wang Pei , Chen Yi , Ouyang Yan , Yu Peng , Li Bing , Yu Jiaohua , Zhan Yuxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the preparedness of patient caregivers in the Neurosurgery ICU transition in China and its factors.
Method
This research involved a cross-sectional study utilizing the Care Preparedness Scale, the Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale-Family Member, and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, which was carried out between May and July 2022. A total of 307 participants were recruited from five tertiary general hospitals across four provinces in China.
Results
The caregiver preparedness score was found to be 13.19 ± 4.822 (P < 0.05). Factors such as the patients' condition, self-care ability at the time of admission, caregivers' age, education level, income, understanding of the disease, stress levels, sources of information, and self-assessment of caregiving skills significantly influenced caregiver preparedness (P < 0.05). Additionally, caregivers' levels of uncertainty and anxiety were negatively associated with their preparedness (P < 0.01). A moderate negative correlation was observed between the CPS score and the PPUS-PM, while a mild negative correlation was noted between the CPS score and the SAS score. Conversely, a moderate positive correlation was found between the SAS score and the PPUS-PM score.
Conclusion
The level of care preparedness among participants was lower than the normal level. Interventions based on factors should be implemented to ensure the quality of ICU transitional care.
Dynamic Multimodal Information Encryption Combining Programmable Structural Coloration and Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zou Gang , Feng Zeyu , Li Jialei , Yang Peng , Xu Xiangxiang , Wang Di , Li Jiahe , Zhang Chutian , Li Jingguo , Zhang Hongli , Chen Xin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Multimodal optamaterials are highly desirable due to their advantages in enhancing information security. Despite numerous reports that combines structural coloration and fluorescence (FL), independent modulation is still challenging, let alone accurately controlling the orthogonal relationship between the structural coloration pattern and the fluorescence / circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) pattern. Herein, we report a novel strategy which combines programable structural coloration and switchable fluorescence/CPL for multimodal information encryption. Using a photomask with aligned grating, two-dimensional (2D) programmable periodic patterns are fabricated on a polydiacetylene (PDA) gel film, which produces image in tunable structural colors. Introducing a chiral perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) fluorescence layer provides stimuli-responsive fluorescence and CPL. The giant dissymmetry factor (glum) value could reach as high as 1.3, which could be easily identified by naked eyes via left- and right-handed circularly polarized filters. Importantly, the structural coloration information and fluorescence patterns (including CPL pattern) could be independently modulated without mutual interference. Moreover, the structural coloration, fluorescence and CPL information could be selectively concealed or exposed by varying microstructure design of the cross-linked PDA gel or by acetonitrile treatment. Our findings demonstrate a smart multi-optical modal material towards higher-level anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
Systemic impacts of disruptions at maritime chokepoints
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Hall Jim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Global trade relies on a small number of strategic passageways, so-called maritime chokepoints, which are vulnerable to disruptions. Yet, the exposure of countries to these disruptions is not known, inhibiting adequate preparedness. Here, we quantify the systemic impacts of maritime chokepoint disruptions subject to a variety of hazards, including conflict, piracy, terrorist attacks, accidental blockages and climatic factors. USD190 billion of trade is expected to be disrupted each year at chokepoints, mainly attributed to geopolitical risk at the Taiwan Strait and Suez Canal, and a combination of hazards affecting the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. We estimate that the expected economic risk of chokepoint disruptions, due to delays, rerouting and trade disruptions, is USD23.3 billion per year, driven by rerouting costs as a result of disruptions of the Suez Canal, Bab el-Mandeb Strait and Panama canal, and countries being cut-off from trade in case of disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz and Bosporus Strait. Countries most exposed to these economic risks are located in the Middle-East, Africa and Latin America. At a time of heightened geopolitical tensions and climate change, our results help to quantify the implications of these risks, and can assist targeting of resilience interventions within global supply chains.
An experimental study on the effects of Electronic Medicinal Product Information on vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Puppo Federico , Carlson Jim Ingebretsen , Roca-Umbert Ana , Folkvord Frans , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Although immunization through vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions, actual coverage of vaccination program has decreased rapidly over the last years due to increased vaccine hesitancy. Cognitive biases have been shown to play an important role in affecting vaccine hesitancy. In this study, we conducted a randomized-control trial (N = 2000, N = 1000 from Spain and N = 1000 from Bulgaria), where subjects were randomly assigned to one condition. The conditions differed by whether an electronic Product Information (ePI) was presented to the subjects and by the type of information that was focused to the patient. The current study showed that the provision of digital information in the form of an ePI has important consequences for achieving high vaccination rates. The main result suggests that providing vaccination information in the form of an ePI can increase patients’ vaccine hesitancy. This effect remained when positive and/or negative information in the ePI was focused to the patients. Additionally, we observe that vaccine hesitant individuals spend less time reading the ePI. We conclude, by relating the current study to the relevant literature, that information overload could be the main driver of vaccine hesitancy in the context of this study.
MGCN-SP: A Motif-based Graph Convolutional Network for Stock Prediction
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yu Jian , Yongchareon Sira , Wang Guiling , Liu Zhizhong , Zhang Yuqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The prediction of stock market price trends has always been a challenging issue, attracting widespread attention from both economists and computer scientists. Recently, integrating stock prices with news data has been shown to be an effective strategy for enhancing the accuracy of the prediction task. Yet, many current methods fail to fully leverage the intricate inter-stock relationships inherent in stock news.Applying deep learning, especially Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), to predict stock trends has demonstrated advanced performance. This method employs a message-passing architecture, enabling nodes to progressively aggregate information from neighboring nodes across multiple layers. In this paper, we propose a novel approach: the Motif-based Graph Convolutional Network for Stock Prediction (MGCN-SP). This model mitigates the over-smoothing problem by incorporating network motifs into the layer propagation process. Specifically, we first generate a motif graph by correlating stocks with stock news. Then, we encode the stock price information and stock news into features using the scaled dot product attention adapted from the transformer architecture. After that, we apply the motif-based graph convolutional network. This framework is designed to jointly refine the embeddings of both stock news and stock time series data using a transformer encoder and to estimate the likelihood of target movements. Finally, we conducted extensive implementation in the U.S. stock market, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms some state-of-the-art approaches.
Effects of Kegel Exercises and Mindfulness Meditation on Postoperative Erectile Function in BPH Patients Undergoing HoLEP: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wang Rong , Ding Yue , Shen Yajun , Gu Lijuan , Yang Heyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This trial aimed to evaluate the combined effects of mindfulness meditation and Kegel exercises on the postoperative recovery of erectile function, psychological health, and urinary symptoms in patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for sexually active benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Methods
This multicenter, prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial included 113 sexually active patients aged 50–70 years who were diagnosed with BPH. The participants were randomized into two groups: the intervention group, which followed a regimen of Kegel exercises combined with mindfulness meditation, or the observation group, which received standard postoperative care. Time to recovery of erectile and activity function and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The secondary outcomes focused on psychological health and symptom improvement, both of which were assessed via the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety (SAS), with all these variables measured both preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.
Results
Compared with the observation group, the intervention group presented a significantly shorter recovery time for erectile and sexual activity (p < 0. 05). The IIEF scores at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the observation group (p < 0.05). The mental health and IPSS scores also significantly improved in the intervention group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Combining Kegel exercises with mindfulness meditation significantly improved erectile function recovery, psychological health, and urinary symptoms in sexually active BPH patients undergoing HoLEP.
Poor sleep quality, cardiometabolic risk factors and physical activity, among paramedical staff in Douala
Authors: Ndongo Jerson Mekoulou , Lele Elysée Claude Bika , Njoya Emmanuel Guillou Njimongna , Manga Léon Jules Owona , Tabunguia Ange Ulrich LeRoi , Bian William Mbang , Guessogo Wiliam Richard , Ahmadou . , Foko Pradel loick Kojom , Bilog Nadine Carole , Guyot Jessica , Ayina Clarisse Noel Ayina , Mandengue Samuel Honoré , Bongue Bienvenu , Ndemba Péguy Brice Assomo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Paramedical personnel used to night shift predisposing them to poor sleep (PS) and its health consequences. Their work requests an important physical demand associated to physical activity (PA). This study aimed at determining prevalence of PS, its association with cardiometabolic risk factors (CFRs), and PA among paramedical staff.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses and medical-health technicians (MTH) in reference hospitals of Douala, Cameroon. PS and PA were assessed with standard questionnaires. CFRs included overweight, obesity, waist circumference (WC), Waist-to-height ratio (WhtR), Waist-to-hip ratios (WhR), hyperglycemia and sedentarity.
Results: A total of 331 participants were enrolled, including 53.4% nurses. The prevalence of PS was 68.3% with high prevalence in women (73.5%) and nurses (58.8%). CFRs in participants with PS were: obesity (34%), abnormal WC, WhtR and WhR (55.8%, 28.4%, 78.2%), sedentarity (65.5%), hyperglycemia (40.6%), and low PA (47.7%). PS was associated with MTH(OR: 0.48, P= 0.004), and seniority (OR= 1.67, P=0.03); and short sleep associated with MTH (OR= 2.4, P=0.0006). No association was found between with PS, PA and CFRs.
Conclusion: PS is a reality with alarming prevalence among paramedical staff, with high value in females and nurses. No associations were found with CRFs and PA.
Powder Diffraction Crystal Structure Determination Using Generative Models
Authors: Jin Shifeng , Li Qi , Jiao Rui , Wu Liming , Zhu Tiannian , Huang Wenbing , Liu Yang , Weng Hongming , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Accurate crystal structure determination is critical across all scientific disciplines involving crystalline materials. However, solving and refining crystal structures from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data is traditionally a labor-intensive process that demands substantial expertise. Here we introduce PXRDGen, an end-to-end neural network that determines crystal structures by learning joint structural distributions from experimentally stable crystals and their PXRD, producing atomically accurate structures refined through PXRD data. PXRDGen integrates a pretrained XRD encoder, a diffusion/flow-based structure generator, and a Rietveld refinement module, solving structures with unparalleled accuracy in seconds. Evaluation on MP-20 dataset reveals a record high matching rate of 82% (1-sample) and 96% (20-samples) for valid compounds, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) approaching the precision limits of Rietveld refinement. PXRDGen effectively tackles key challenges in PXRD, such as the localization of light atoms, differentiation of neighboring elements, and resolution of overlapping peaks. Overall, PXRDGen marks a significant advancement in the automated determination of crystal structures from PXRD.
Impact of ENSO on River Flooding in the Karnali River Basin of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Tirtha Raj , Baniya Binod , Tang Qiuhong , Li He , Shrestha Suraj , Awasthi Ram Prasad , Gaffney Paul P.J. , Dhital Yam Prasad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

El Niño and La Niña, collectively known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), play an important role in river flooding. This study investigates the relationship between ENSO and associated floods in the Karnali River Basin (KRB). A specific focus is placed on a comprehensive analysis of extreme flood events in El Niño and La Niña years, which would deepen the understanding of the influence of ENSO on hydrological and hydrodynamic processes. Precipitation and discharge data from 1962 to 2020 were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), Government of Nepal. The hydrodynamic model (HEC-HMS & HEC-RAS) was used to simulate the extreme floods of 1983, 2000, 2014 & 2015 at the DHM hydrological station. The year of 2015 is a strong El Niño year, while 1983 and 2014 are La Niña years. In the El Niño year 2015, the annual precipitation was 1190 mm and the average annual discharge was 1130 m3/s. The instantaneous peak discharge for the extreme flood event was 4560 m3/s. However, in the same river basin, the annual precipitation during the La Niña years of 2014 and 1983 was 1413 mm and 1283 mm, respectively. The 1D and 2D HEC-RAS models were used to simulate the flood behaviors and analyze the river channel shift during the extreme flood event in August 2015. At the station in the Chisapani area, the observed peak discharge was 3354 m³/s while the model can well capture the peak flood discharge with a simulated peak of 3365 m³/s. The models further showed that the river channel shifted at 2,000 m intervals along both the river branches during the extreme flood event. This study highlights the impact of ENSO on precipitation and river flooding in Nepal.