bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiring intentions at the intersection of gender, parenthood, and social status. A factorial survey experiment in the UK labour market
Authors: Zamberlan Anna , Gioachin Filippo , Barbieri Paolo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Extant literature points to the gender, parenthood, and social status of job applicants as crucial factors influencing employers’ hiring preferences and behaviours. However, little is known about whether and to what extent the intersection of these attributes leads to specific forms of hiring discrimination. This study aims to fill this research gap by examining whether labour market (dis)advantages related to gender, parenthood, and social status occur in an additive or interactive relationship. We conducted a factorial survey experiment in which more than 2,500 UK-based individuals with recruiting experience rated the profiles of fictitious candidates for various job vacancies. We found significant and substantial discrimination against mothers, indicating the existence of a cumulative disadvantage between being a woman and having children, while high-status candidates were more favourably positioned, albeit with noteworthy differences depending on how social status was signalled. Most interestingly, the motherhood penalty was significantly reduced (up to almost half) for high-status candidates, suggesting a compensatory effect of signalling a high status. This novel evidence in the British context highlights the importance of examining the intersection of different dimensions of discrimination and inequality.
Genetic architecture underlying the parallel evolution of leaf ecomorphs in Viburnum
Authors: Moeglein Morgan K , Eaton Deren A R , Maya-Lastra Carlos A , Sweeney Patrick W , Dion Kirstin , Olson Mark E , Cacho N Ivalu , Donoghue Michael J , Edwards Erika J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In a neotropical lineage of the plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) several leaf ecomorphs evolved independently and repeatedly as the group radiated through cloud forests of North and South America. Here, we focus on one pair of co-occurring sister species within this radiation with strongly contrasting leaf morphotypes and document the presence of phenotypically diverse and genetically admixed hybrid individuals in multiple hybrid swarms. Hybrid phenotypes are generally intermediate in form, but sometimes show parental or entirely novel and transgressive combinations of leaf traits, suggesting that parental leaf ecomorphs can be functionally and genetically dissociated. We used admixture mapping within hybrid swarms to investigate the genetic architecture of key traits comprising these leaf ecomorphs and uncovered loci proximal to known genes implicated in leaf development, including some that may alter multiple leaf traits simultaneously, potentially facilitating the emergence of leaf syndromes. We conclude that the shared genetic architecture underlying some traits, such as leaf size and marginal teeth, could promote the repeated evolution of these traits in concert, while low levels of genetic linkage between other leaf traits supports the hypothesis that selection promoted the repeated assembly of particular combinations of leaf traits as Viburnum radiated throughout the neotropics.
Juvenile and total reproductive values for sexual reproduction under any genetic system
Authors: Rautiala Petri , Lehtonen Jussi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reproductive value (RV) is the expected contribution of genes by an individual or class of individuals to the gene pool in the distant future, and it plays a crucial role in understanding adaptation in long-term evolution. Class RVs are linked to the genetic system and to life history: for diploid genetics, Grafen derived expressions for relative RVs of female and male juveniles, and for the absolute RVs of all females and of all males. Subsequently, Gardner presented a derivation for relative RVs of juvenile females and males under haplodiploidy. Here we generalise these results to any genetic system for biparental sexual reproduction, such that RV is explicitly linked to parameters of the genetic system and life history. The earlier results by Grafen and Gardner arise as special cases. Finally, we derive expressions for absolute juvenile and total reproductive values of both sexes under any genetic system.
Bellymount-pulsed tracking: a novel approach for real-time in vivo imaging of Drosophila abdominal tissues
Authors: Balachandra Shruthi , Amodeo Amanda A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantitative live imaging is a valuable tool that offers insights into cellular dynamics. However, many fundamental biological processes are incompatible with current live-imaging modalities. Drosophila oogenesis is a well-studied system that has provided molecular insights into a range of cellular and developmental processes. The length of the oogenesis, coupled with the requirement for inputs from multiple tissues, has made long-term culture challenging. Here, we have developed Bellymount-pulsed tracking (Bellymount-PT), which allows continuous, noninvasive live imaging of Drosophila oogenesis inside the female abdomen for up to 16 h. Bellymount-PT improves upon the existing Bellymount technique by adding pulsed anesthesia with periods of feeding that support the long-term survival of flies during imaging. Using Bellymount-PT, we measure key events of oogenesis, including egg chamber growth, yolk uptake, and transfer of specific proteins to the oocyte during nurse cell dumping with high spatiotemporal precision within the abdomen of a live female.
Climate and health: a path to strategic co-financing?
Authors: Borghi Josephine , Cuevas Soledad , Anton Blanca , Iaia Domenico , Gasparri Giulia , Hanson Mark A , Soucat Agnès , Bustreo Flavia , Langlois Etienne V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Leveraging the co-benefits of investments in health and climate can be best achieved by moving away from isolated financing approaches and adopting co-financing strategies, which aim to improve the outcomes of both sectors. We propose a framework for studying co-financing for health and climate that considers the degree of integration between sector funding, and whether arrangements are ‘passive’, when cross-sectoral goals are indirectly affected, or ‘strategic’, when they are pre-emptively supported to build resilience and sustainability. We conducted a rigorous, evidence-focused review to describe co-financing mechanisms according to a framework, including the context in which they have been employed, and to identify enablers and barriers to implementation. We searched the international literature using Pubmed and Web of Science from 2013 to 2023, the websites of key health and climate agencies for grey literature and consulted with stakeholders. Our review underscores the significant impact of climate change and related hazards on government, health insurance and household health-related costs. Current evidence primarily addresses passive co-financing, reflecting the financial consequences of inaction. Strategic co-financing is under explored, as are integrative co-financing models demanding cross-sectoral coordination. Current instances of strategic co-financing lack sufficient funding to demonstrate their effectiveness. Climate finance, an under used resource for health, holds potential to generate additional revenue for health. Realizing these advantages necessitates co-benefit monitoring to align health, climate mitigation and adaptation goals, alongside stronger advocacy for the economic and environmental benefits of health investments. Strategic co-financing arrangements are vital at all system levels, demanding increased cross-sectoral collaboration, additional funding and skills for climate integration within health sector plans and budgets, and mainstreaming health into climate adaptation and mitigation plans. Supporting persistent health needs post-disasters, promoting adaptive social protection for health and climate risks, and disseminating best practices within and among countries are crucial, supported by robust evaluations to enhance progress.
Thinking politically about intersectoral action: Ideas, Interests and Institutions shaping political dimensions of governing during COVID-19
Authors: Baum Fran , Musolino Connie , Freeman Toby , Flavel Joanne , Ceukelaire Wim De , Chi Chunhuei , Dardet Carlos Alvarez , Falcão Matheus Zuliane , Friel Sharon , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Giugliani Camila , Howden-Chapman Philippa , Huong Nguyen Thanh , Kim Sun , London Leslie , McKee Martin , Nandi Sulakshana , Paremoer Lauren , Popay Jennie , Serag Hani , Thiagarajan Sundararaman , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Villar Eugenio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Our paper examines the political considerations in the intersectoral action that was evident during the SAR-COV-2 virus (COVID-19) pandemic through case studies of political and institutional responses in 16 nations (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, New Zealand, Nigeria, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, UK, and USA). Our qualitative case study approach involved an iterative process of data gathering and interpretation through the three Is (institutions, ideas and interests) lens, which we used to shape our understanding of political and intersectoral factors affecting pandemic responses. The institutional factors examined were: national economic and political context; influence of the global economic order; structural inequities; and public health structures and legislation, including intersectoral action. The ideas explored were: orientation of governments; political actors’ views on science; willingness to challenge neoliberal policies; previous pandemic experiences. We examined the interests of political leaders and civil society and the extent of public trust. We derived five elements that predict effective and equity-sensitive political responses to a pandemic. Firstly, effective responses have to be intersectoral and led from the head of government with technical support from health agencies. Secondly, we found that political leaders’ willingness to accept science, communicate empathetically and avoid ‘othering’ population groups was vital. The lack of political will was found in those countries stressing individualistic values. Thirdly, a supportive civil society which questions governments about excessive infringement of human rights without adopting populist anti-science views, and is free to express opposition to the government encourages effective political action in the interests of the population. Fourthly, citizen trust is vital in times of uncertainty and fear. Fifthly, evidence of consideration is needed regarding when people’s health must be prioritized over the needs of the economy. All these factors are unlikely to be present in any one country. Recognizing the political aspects of pandemic preparedness is vital for effective responses to future pandemics and while intersectoral action is vital, it is not enough in isolation to improve pandemic outcomes.
Equivariant Elliptic Cohomology, Toric Varieties, and Derived Equivalences
Authors: Scherotzke Sarah , Sibilla Nicolò 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article we study the equivariant elliptic cohomology of complex toric varieties. We prove a reconstruction theorem showing that equivariant elliptic cohomology encodes considerable non-trivial information on the equivariant 1-skeleton of a toric variety $X$ (although it is not a complete invariant of its GKM graphs). We obtain a complete characterization of smooth and proper toric surfaces with isomorphic equivariant elliptic cohomology. Contrary to ordinary cohomology and K-theory, elliptic cohomology is expected not to be a derived invariant of algebraic varieties. We verify this prediction by showing that elliptic cohomology distinguishes derived equivalent varieties. More precisely, we show that there exist pairs of equivariantly derived equivalent toric varieties with non-isomorphic equivariant elliptic cohomology.
Treatment-related characteristics of communities in districts characterized by persistent trachoma: an exploratory descriptive study
Authors: Buda Dawit Seyum , Nkoane Naomi Lorrain , Netangaheni Thinavhuyo Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the implementation of surgery, antibiotics mass administration, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement, commonly known as the SAFE strategy for several years, the persistence and recrudescence of trachoma is a prevailing challenge in Ethiopia. This study explores the treatment-related characteristics of communities within districts characterized by persistent trachoma in southern Ethiopia.

Methods
Nyangatom and Uba Debretsehay districts are predominantly inhabited by pastoralist and farming communities, respectively. A community-based, exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted from June to October 2023. A total of 11 key informant interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted. The interviews and discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using Atlas ti. 23.

Results
Districts characterized by persistent trachoma are characterized by segments of populations that have never been treated or suboptimally treated. This is due to the competing priorities faced by providers, the nature of campaigns and the limited ability of logistics to reach the ‘must reach’ population. Other barriers include limited social support and terrain hindering full geographical and population coverage. Treatment slippage is of particular concern because of treatment fatigue, misinformation and the unavailability of treatments for routine care.

Conclusions
Communities in districts characterized by persistent and recrudescent trachoma face various socioecological barriers that impact the outcome of SAFE strategy implementation. A mix of both random and systematic omissions of people who need treatment most, such as children and women, was evident.
Cyber Diplomacy through Official Public Attribution: Paving the Way for Global Norms
Authors: Baram Gil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
International discussions on establishing and implementing norms for behavior in cyberspace have spanned over two decades. However, differences in what constitutes ‘acceptable conduct’ have hindered progress in forming these norms. In recent years, Western countries have adopted a strategy to signal what is considered unacceptable behavior by publicly attributing cyberattacks and intrusions. I argue that this act of official public attribution serves as a practice for countries to express their disapproval of inappropriate cyberspace behavior and condemnation and can cumulatively shape international practices, holding the attacking state accountable. I explore this by (1) analyzing new data from the European Repository of Cyber Incidents, which shows patterns of official public attributions for the years 2000–2023, providing exploratory directions and trends, and (2) examining the Iranian cyberattack against Albania in 2022 and its subsequent official public attributions as an illustrative case study. I demonstrate how repeated instances of official public attribution can contribute to the development of a common practice that signals dissatisfaction of a specific behavior. As state-sponsored cyberattacks and intrusions are on the rise, this practice could have an accumulative effect.
Efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens in people with HIV with varying adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Andreatta Kristen , Sax Paul E , Wohl David , D’Antoni Michelle L , Liu Hui , Hindman Jason T , Callebaut Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Five Phase 3 bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) clinical studies demonstrated that the efficacy of B/F/TAF was non-inferior to dolutegravir (DTG) + 2 NRTIs. We retrospectively assessed drug adherence and effect on virologic outcomes.

Methods
Studies (NCT02607930, NCT02607956, NCT03547908, NCT02603120 and NCT03110380) were double-blind, placebo-controlled and enrolled treatment-naïve or virologically suppressed adults. Adherence was calculated by pill count from returned pill bottles; virologic outcome was assessed by last on-treatment HIV-1 RNA.

Results
Altogether, 2622 participants (B/F/TAF: n = 1306; DTG + 2 NRTIs: n = 1316) were categorized as having high (≥95%), intermediate (≥85% to &lt;95%) or low (&lt;85%) adherence. Through Week 48, low adherence was observed in 46 (3.5%) participants in the B/F/TAF group (78% median adherence) and 69 (5.2%) in the DTG + 2 NRTI group (80% median adherence). Overall, 1287 (98.5%) participants in the B/F/TAF group and 1292 (98.2%) in the DTG + 2 NRTI group had virologic suppression (VS; HIV-1 RNA &lt; 50 copies/mL) through Week 48. VS in participants with low adherence versus high or intermediate adherence was similar in the B/F/TAF group, but lower in the DTG + 2 NRTI group (P ≤ 0.002). Similar results were observed at Weeks 96 and 144. Two participants (&lt;95% adherence) in the DTG + 2 NRTI group receiving DTG and abacavir/lamivudine developed M184V; there was no treatment-emergent resistance to B/F/TAF.

Conclusions
Participants with suboptimal (&lt;85%) adherence to B/F/TAF maintained high levels of VS, whereas suboptimal DTG + 2 NRTI adherence was associated with lower VS.
Parenteral aciclovir for suspected herpes simplex virus infection in children: 0–18 years
Authors: Berkhout Angela , Clark Julia E , Jones Cheryl A , Grimwood Keith , McMullan Brendan , Britton Philip N , Palasanthiran Pamela , Lim Selina , Yeoh Daniel K , Wong Shirley , Cheng Daryl R , Gwee Amanda , Cross Jack , Nguyen Tran , Jeffs Emma , Walls Tony , Mahony Michelle , Yan Jennifer , Nourse Clare 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Variations in neonatal aciclovir prescribing for suspected herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease are well-known, but there are limited data describing aciclovir prescribing in older children.

Methods
Medical records of neonates (≤28 days) and children (29 days to 18 years) prescribed intravenous aciclovir for suspected HSV disease (1 January 2019–12 December 2019) in eight Australian and New Zealand hospitals were reviewed. Prescribing indication, HSV testing, aciclovir prescription details, adverse events and discharge diagnosis were recorded.

Results
1426 received empirical aciclovir. For neonates (n = 425), the median duration was 1 day (IQR 1–3), 411/425 underwent HSV investigations and 13/425 had HSV disease (two with disseminated encephalitis, four with encephalitis and seven with skin, eye, mouth disease). Of the 1001 children, 906 were immunocompetent. 136/906 suspected of mucocutaneous disease received aciclovir for a median of 2 days (1–2), 121/136 underwent HSV testing, and 69/136 had proven disease. 770/906 received aciclovir for suspected disseminated disease or encephalitis for a median of 1 day (1–2), 556/770 underwent HSV testing, and 5/770 had disseminated disease or encephalitis. Among 95 immunocompromised children, 53/58 with suspected mucocutaneous disease had HSV testing and this was confirmed in 22. Disseminated disease or encephalitis was suspected in 37/95, HSV testing conducted in 23/37 and detected in one. The median aciclovir duration was 3 (2–7) days for immunocompromised children. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 7/1426 and 24/1426 had an extravasation injury.

Conclusion
Frequent and often unnecessary intravenous aciclovir prescribing for suspected HSV encephalitis or disseminated disease occurred in children, as evidenced by incomplete HSV investigations and only 5/770 older children having the diagnosis confirmed.
Spatio-temporal quasi-experimental methods for rare disease outcomes: the impact of reformulated gasoline on childhood haematologic cancer
Authors: Vega Sofia L , Nethery Rachel C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although some pollutants emitted in vehicle exhaust, such as benzene, are known to cause leukaemia in adults with high exposure levels, less is known about the relationship between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and childhood haematologic cancer. In the 1990s, the US EPA enacted the reformulated gasoline program in select areas of the U.S., which drastically reduced ambient TRAP in affected areas. This created an ideal quasi-experiment to study the effects of TRAP on childhood haematologic cancers. However, existing methods for quasi-experimental analyses can perform poorly when outcomes are rare and unstable, as with childhood cancer incidence. We develop Bayesian spatio-temporal matrix completion methods to conduct causal inference in quasi-experimental settings with rare outcomes. Selective information sharing across space and time enables stable estimation, and the Bayesian approach facilitates uncertainty quantification. We evaluate the methods through simulations and apply them to estimate the causal effects of TRAP on childhood leukaemia and lymphoma.
EU Banking Law and Regulation
Authors: Lo Schiavo Gianni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, and the rise of Fintech are just a few factors driving the expansion in scope, tasks, and requirements European banking law has experienced over the last two decades. As such, European banks are now being regulated differently, and a new institutional and substantive supranational framework in EU law and policy has been established. Against this backdrop, this book provides a comprehensive, critical, and contextual account of a new supranational framework. The book reveals this burgeoning field by addressing it through various lenses: (i) institutionally, through the development such as the set-up of European frameworks for regulation, supervision, and restructuring of credit institutions, such as the SSM and SRM; (ii) substantially, with the creation of the Single Rulebook for banks, and (iii) theoretically, as this framework situates European banking policy as a substantive EU policy within European integration and harmonisation. Drawing on hard and soft law at EU banking regulation level, judgments of the European Court of Justice, and guidelines from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the book covers supranational banking regulations, and the resulting financial and economic impact. The book provides tools for the interpretation on norms, procedures, and measures adopted by EU regulators and supervisory authorities.
Introduction
Authors: Lo Schiavo Gianni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of EU banking law and regulation. The development of EU banking regulation has been affected by three key factors. These include the regional implementation of the Basel Committee’s standards, setting the prudential framework for banks worldwide; the progressive harmonisation of financial services in Europe as part of the European agenda to integrate (financial) markets; and the supranational regulatory response posed to challenges arising from financial crises affecting Europe. This book argues that since the financial and euro crisis of 2008, banking regulation has developed as a substantially autonomous field of law and regulation in EU law. It analyses the level of European integration achieved by the European Banking Union and the Single Rulebook in banking. Ultimately, the book takes into account the intricacies of banking regulation as a technically complex area of the law and intends to structure the framework adopting a primarily supranational approach on rules applicable to banks.