bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional stability analyses of maxillofacial skeleton bearing cleft deformities
Authors: Luo Xiangyou , Huang Hanyao , Yin Xing , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe symmetrically stable craniofacial bony structure supports the complex functions and delicate contour of the face. Congenital craniofacial deformities are often accompanied by bony defects and have been repetitively correlated with compromised dento-maxillary stability, but neither the extent nor the pattern of cleft-related maxillary instability has been explored in detail. Furthermore, it is largely unknown if the bony defect and related instability are correlated with secondary maxillary deformity common among patients with orofacial clefts. With the aid of finite element modeling, we studied the detailed relationship between cleft-related bony defect and maxillary stability under occlusal loading. Craniofacial models were generated based on cone-beam computed tomography data and loaded with mimicked bite forces along the axial axis of each tooth. Our data showed that all cleft models exhibited more asymmetrical deformations under mastication compared with the normal. Models with palatal cleft demonstrated greater asymmetry, greater dental arch contraction, and less maxillary protrusion compared to models with alveolar cleft only. For unilateral cleft models, alveolus on non-cleft side tended to be more protruded and lifted than the cleft side. For bilateral cleft models, the most prominent feature was the seriously contracted alveolar arch and curved and pitched premaxillae. These findings indicated cleft type-specific pattern of maxillary instability, which were largely in accordance with dentoalveolar morphological features among patients. Collectively, our study elucidated the detailed relationship between cleft bony defect and the pattern of maxillary instability, and suggested a prototype for studying the abnormal maxillary and dental arch growth among patients with craniofacial deformities.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Spermidine, Glutamine and Putrescine Predict Postoperative Delirium Following Elective Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Pan Xiaobei , Cunningham Emma L. , Passmore Anthony P. , McGuinness Bernadette , McAuley Daniel F. , Beverland David , O’Brien Seamus , Mawhinney Tim , Schott Jonathan M. , Zetterberg Henrik , Green Brian D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDelirium is a marker of brain vulnerability, associated with increasing age, pre-existing cognitive impairment and, recently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. This nested case-control study used a targeted quantitative metabolomic methodology to profile the preoperative CSF of patients (n = 54) who developed delirium following arthroplasty (n = 28) and those who did not (n = 26). The aim was to identify novel preoperative markers of delirium, and to assess potential correlations with clinical data. Participants without a diagnosis of dementia (≥65 years) undergoing elective primary hip or knee arthroplasty were postoperatively assessed for delirium once-daily for three days. Groups were compared using multivariate, univariate and receiving operator characteristic (ROC) methods. Multivariate modelling using Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) of metabolomic data readily distinguished between delirium and control groups (R2 ≤ 0.56; Q2 ≤ 0.10). Three metabolites (spermidine, putrescine and glutamine) significantly differed between groups (P < 0.05; FDR < 0.07), and performed well as CSF biomarkers (ROC > 0.75). The biomarker performance of the two polyamines (spermidine/putrescine) was enhanced by ratio with CSF Aβ42 (ROC > 0.8), and spermidine significantly correlated with Aβ42 (pearson r = −0.32; P = 0.018). These findings suggest that spermidine and putrescine levels could be useful markers of postoperative delirium risk, particularly when combined with Aβ42, and this requires further investigation.
Possible links between the lag structure in visual cortex and visual streams using fMRI
Authors: Park Bo-yong , Shim Won Mok , James Oliver , Park Hyunjin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConventional functional connectivity analysis using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the correlation of temporally synchronized brain activities between brain regions. Lag structure analysis relaxes the synchronicity constraint of fMRI signals, and thus, this approach might be better at explaining functional connectivity. However, the sources of the lag structure in fMRI are primarily unknown. Here, we applied lag structure analysis to the human visual cortex to identify the possible sources of lag structure. A total of 1,250 fMRI data from two independent databases were considered. We explored the temporal lag patterns between the central and peripheral visual fields in early visual cortex and those in two visual pathways of dorsal and ventral streams. We also compared the lag patterns with effective connectivity obtained with dynamic causal modeling. We found that the lag structure in early visual cortex flows from the central to peripheral visual fields and the order of the lag structure flow was consistent with the order of signal flows in visual pathways. The effective connectivity computed by dynamic causal modeling exhibited similar patterns with the lag structure results. This study suggests that signal flows in visual streams are possible sources of the lag structure in human visual cortex.
Maternal Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Up-regulates Expression of Genes Associated with Long-Term Potentiation in Perinatal Brains of Uninfected Developing Pups
Authors: Haque Manjurul , Koski Kristine G. , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEstablishment of neural networks critical for memory and cognition begins during the perinatal period but studies on the impact of maternal infection are limited. Using a nematode parasite that remains in the maternal intestine, we tested our hypothesis that maternal infection during pregnancy and early lactation would alter perinatal brain gene expression, and that the anti-inflammatory nature of this parasite would promote synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Brain gene expression was largely unaffected two days after birth, but in seven-day old pups, long-term potentiation and four related pathways essential for the development of synaptic plasticity, cognition and memory were up-regulated in pups of infected dams. Interestingly, our data suggest that a lowering of Th1 inflammatory processes may underscore the apparent beneficial impact of maternal intestinal infection on long-term potentiation.
Evidence for Crystalline Structure in Dynamically-Compressed Polyethylene up to 200 GPa
Authors: Hartley N. J. , Brown S. , Cowan T. E. , Cunningham E. , Döppner T. , Falcone R. W. , Fletcher L. B. , Frydrych S. , Galtier E. , Gamboa E. J. , Laso Garcia A. , Gericke D. O. , Glenzer S. H. , Granados E. , Heimann P. A. , Lee H. J. , MacDonald M. J. , MacKinnon A. J. , McBride E. E. , Nam I. , Neumayer P. , Pak A. , Pelka A. , Prencipe I. , Ravasio A. , Rödel M. , Rohatsch K. , Saunders A. M. , Schölmerich M. , Schörner M. , Schuster A. K. , Sun P. , van Driel T. , Vorberger J. , Kraus D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigated the high-pressure behavior of polyethylene (CH2) by probing dynamically-compressed samples with X-ray diffraction. At pressures up to 200 GPa, comparable to those present inside icy giant planets (Uranus, Neptune), shock-compressed polyethylene retains a polymer crystal structure, from which we infer the presence of significant covalent bonding. TheA2/mstructure which we observe has previously been seen at significantly lower pressures, and the equation of state measured agrees with our findings. This result appears to contrast with recent data from shock-compressed polystyrene (CH) at higher temperatures, which demonstrated demixing and recrystallization into a diamond lattice, implying the breaking of the original chemical bonds. As such chemical processes have significant implications for the structure and energy transfer within ice giants, our results highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the chemistry of high pressure hydrocarbons, and the importance of better constraining planetary temperature profiles.
Interfering with emotional processing resources upon associative threat memory reactivation does not affect memory retention
Authors: Chalkia Anastasia , Vanaken Lauranne , Fonteyne Riet , Beckers Tom 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmple evidence suggests that memories enter a labile state upon retrieval, requiring reconsolidation processes in order to be retained. During this period of instability, various interventions can be applied to modify problematic memories. A novel behavioral intervention was designed, aimed at disrupting amygdala-based cognitive processing following the retrieval of a conditioned threat memory, in order to prevent its reconsolidation. We fear-conditioned participants on day 1, and reactivated their memory on day 2. Following reactivation, the reactivation plus emotional working memory task (R + EWMT) group completed an EWMT, while the reactivation only (RO) group served as a no-task control. On day 3, all participants were tested for memory retention, followed by a test for sensitivity to reinstatement. We observed successful acquisition and reactivation in fear-potentiated startle responding, skin conductance responding and US expectancies in both groups. Differential fear responding was fully preserved in the R + EWMT group relative to the RO group at the beginning of retention testing, and both groups were comparably sensitive to reinstatement. Thus, we failed to obtain any evidence that the execution of an EWMT after threat memory reactivation impairs reconsolidation. Further research is indicated to clarify whether threat memory reconsolidation can be disrupted by taxing relevant WM resources.
Proteotyping as alternate typing method to differentiate Campylobacter coli clades
Authors: Emele Matthias Frederik , Možina Sonja Smole , Lugert Raimond , Bohne Wolfgang , Masanta Wycliffe Omurwa , Riedel Thomas , Groß Uwe , Bader Oliver , Zautner Andreas Erich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBesides Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. C. coli is subdivided into three clades, which are associated with sample source. Clade 1 isolates are associated with acute diarrhea in humans whereas clade 2 and 3 isolates are more commonly obtained from environmental waters. The phylogenetic classification of an isolate is commonly done using laborious multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The aim of this study was to establish a proteotyping scheme using MALDI-TOF MS to offer an alternative to sequence-based methods. A total of 97 clade-representative C. coli isolates were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-based intact cell mass spectrometry (ICMS) and evaluated to establish a C. coli proteotyping scheme. MLST was used as reference method. Different isoforms of the detectable biomarkers, resulting in biomarker mass shifts, were associated with their amino acid sequences and included into the C. coli proteotyping scheme. In total, we identified 16 biomarkers to differentiate C. coli into the three clades and three additional sub-clades of clade 1. In this study, proteotyping has been successfully adapted to C. coli. The established C. coli clades and sub-clades can be discriminated using this method. Especially the clinically relevant clade 1 isolates can be differentiated clearly.
Synchronous vascular endothelial growth factor protein profiles in both tissue and serum identify metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yeh Chien-Chih , Shih Li-Jane , Chang Junn-Liang , Tsuei Yi-Wei , Wu Chang-Chieh , Hsiao Cheng-Wen , Chuu Chih-Pin , Kao Yung-Hsi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We examined if tumor tissue and circulating protein levels of all vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) were synchronous and different in Taiwan patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) vs. non-mCRC. We analyzed samples from 109 patients enrolled from 2005–2017, 50 with stages I/II and 59 with stages III/IV CRC. We found that VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 were higher in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues. Metastatic patients had higher levels of circulating VEGFs and soluble VEGFRs (sVEGFRs) than healthy subjects, as well as higher VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and PlGF proteins in both tumor tissue and serum than non-metastatic patients. Protein levels of VEGF and VEGFR were mainly associated with the patient’s age, tumor site, tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. Patients exhibiting high levels of VEGF, VEGFR, and sVEGFR had a shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than those with low levels. We conclude that synchronous changes in VEGF and VEGFR levels in CRC tissue and serum VEGF can discriminate between metastatic and non-metastatic subjects and high levels are associated with poor survival in CRC.
Cytosolic copper is a major modulator of germination, development and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: González-Quiñónez Nathaly , Corte-Rodríguez Mario , Álvarez-Fernández-García Roberto , Rioseras Beatriz , López-García María Teresa , Fernández-García Gemma , Montes-Bayón María , Manteca Angel , Yagüe Paula 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStreptomycetes are important biotechnological bacteria with complex differentiation. Copper is a well-known positive regulator of differentiation and antibiotic production. However, the specific mechanisms buffering cytosolic copper and the biochemical pathways modulated by copper remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a new methodology to quantify cytosolic copper in single spores which allowed us to propose that cytosolic copper modulates asynchrony of germination. We also characterised the SCO2730/2731 copper chaperone/P-type ATPase export system. AStreptomyces coelicolorstrain mutated inSCO2730/2731shows an important delay in germination, growth and sporulation. Secondary metabolism is heavily enhanced in the mutant which is activating the production of some specific secondary metabolites during its whole developmental cycle, including germination, the exponential growth phase and the stationary stage. Forty per cent of theS. coelicolorsecondary metabolite pathways, are activated in the mutant, including several predicted pathways never observed in the lab (cryptic pathways). Cytosolic copper is precisely regulated and has a pleiotropic effect in gene expression. The only way that we know to achieve the optimal concentration for secondary metabolism activation, is the mutagenesis ofSCO2730/2731. TheSCO2730/2731genes are highly conserved. Their inactivation in industrial streptomycetes may contribute to enhance bioactive compound discovery and production.
Characterization of the Ca2+-coordination structures of L- and T-plastins in combination with their synthetic peptide analogs by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Nara Masayuki , Morii Hisayuki , Shimizu Takashi , Shinomiya Hiroto , Furuta Yuka , Miyazono Kenichi , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFTIR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the coordination structures of divalent cations (M2+ = Ca2+ or Mg2+) bound by L- and T-plastins, which contain two EF-hand motifs. We focused on the N-terminal headpieces in the L- and T-plastins to analyze the regions of COO− stretching and amide-I in solution. The spectral profiles indicated that these headpieces have EF-hand calcium-binding sites because bands at 1551 cm−1 and 1555 cm−1 were observed for the bidentate coordination mode of Glu at the 12th position of the Ca2+-binding site of Ca2+-loaded L-plastin and T-plastin, respectively. The amide-I profile of the Mg2+-loaded L-plastin headpiece was identical with that of the apo L-plastin headpiece, meaning that L-plastin has a lower affinity for Mg2+. The amide-I profiles for apo, Mg2+-loaded and Ca2+-loaded T-plastin suggested that aggregation was generated in protein solution at a concentration of 1 mM. The implications of the FTIR spectral data for these plastin headpieces are discussed on the basis of data obtained for synthetic peptide analogs corresponding to the Ca2+-binding site.
Altered proteome of high-density lipoproteins from paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors
Authors: Fournier Maryse , Bonneil Eric , Garofalo Carole , Grimard Guy , Laverdière Caroline , Krajinovic Maja , Drouin Simon , Sinnett Daniel , Marcil Valérie , Levy Emile 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy in children. With the use of more modern, efficient treatments, 5-year survival has reached more than 90% in this population. However, this achievement comes with many secondary and long-term effects since more than 65% of the survivors experience at least one severe complication, including the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of the present work was to characterize the composition of HDL particles isolated from pediatric ALL survivors. HDLs from 8 metabolically healthy ALL survivors, 8 metabolically unhealthy ALL survivors and 8 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed. The HDL fraction from the survivors contained less cholesterol than the controls. In addition, proteomic analyses revealed an enrichment of pro-thrombotic (e.g., fibrinogen) and pro-inflammatory (e.g., amyloid A) proteins in the HDLs deriving from metabolically unhealthy survivors. These results indicate an alteration in the composition of lipid and protein content of HDL from childhood ALL survivors with metabolic disorders. Although more work is needed to validate the functionality of these HDLs, the data seem relevant for survivor health given the detection of potential biomarkers related to HDL metabolism and functionality in cancer.
Central expression of synaptophysin and synaptoporin in nociceptive afferent subtypes in the dorsal horn
Authors: Chung Jumi , Franklin John F. , Lee Hyun Joon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCentral sprouting of nociceptive afferents in response to neural injury enhances excitability of nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system, often causing pain. A reliable quantification of central projections of afferent subtypes and their synaptic terminations is essential for understanding neural plasticity in any pathological condition. We previously characterized central projections of cutaneous nociceptive A and C fibers, selectively labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and Isolectin B4 (IB4) respectively, and found that they expressed a general synaptic molecule, synaptophysin, largely depending on afferent subtypes (A vs. C fibers) across thoracic dorsal horns. The current studies extended the central termination profiles of nociceptive afferents with synaptoporin, an isoform of synaptophysin, known to be preferentially expressed in C fibers in lumbar dorsal root ganglions. Our findings demonstrated that synaptophysin was predominantly expressed in both peptidergic and IB4-binding C fiber populations in superficial laminae of the thoracic dorsal horn. Cutaneous IB4-labeled C fibers showed comparable expression levels of both isoforms, while cutaneous CTB-labeled A fibers exclusively expressed synaptophysin. These data suggest that central expression of synaptophysin consistently represents synaptic terminations of projecting afferents, at least in part, including nociceptive A-delta and C fibers in the dorsal horn.
Enhanced light extraction efficiency of Eu-related emission from a nano-patterned GaN layer grown by MOCVD
Authors: Lesage A. , Timmerman D. , Inaba T. , Gregorkiewicz T. , Fujiwara Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEu-doped GaN is a promising material for the active layer in red light emitting diodes. Although the output power of LEDs based on GaN:Eu has been increasing by a combination of structural and growth optimizations, there is still a significant limitation resulting from a poor light extraction efficiency, typical for high refractive index materials. Here we studied nanostructuring of the top of the optical active layer by nano-cubes for enhancement of the light extraction efficiency, and its effect on the optical emission characteristics. By etching nano-cubes into the active layer, we observed an increase in directional light output power of Eu3+ ions of up to 60%, as well as a grating effect. Simultaneously, the absorption of excitation light into the optical active layer was improved, leading to a 12.8 times increase of output power per available Eu3+ ion.
Plasma engraved Bi0.1(Ba0.5Sr0.5)0.9Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ perovskite for highly active and durable oxygen evolution
Authors: Sun Juan , Zhang Zonghuai , Gong Yansheng , Wang Huanwen , Wang Rui , Zhao Ling , He Beibei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of highly active and cost-effective catalysts based on noble metal free oxygen electro-catalysis is critical to energy storage and conversion devices. Herein, we highlight a plasma-treated Bi0.1(Ba0.5Sr0.5)0.9Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ perovskite (denoted as P-Bi0.1BSCF) as a promising catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. H2/Ar plasma engraving could significantly increase electrochemically active O22−/O− concentration and tune the electronic structure of Co ions efficiently, and consequently tailor the intrinsic electrocatalytic ability for OER. Of note, P-Bi0.1BSCF, with unique crystalline core/amorphous shell structure, exhibits an enhanced intrinsic OER activity and higher stability than the noble metal IrO2 catalyst, which outperforms most of the reported perovskite catalysts. The present work provides new insights into exploring efficient catalysts for OER, and it suggests that, in addition to the extensively applied for surface treatment of various catalysts such as carbons and metal oxides, the plasma engraved perovskite materials also exhibits great potential as precious metal-free catalysts.
Interaction Between Cortical Auditory Processing and Vagal Regulation of Heart Rate in Language Tasks: A Randomized, Prospective, Observational, Analytical and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: de Góes Viviane B. , Frizzo Ana Claúdia F. , Oliveira Fernando R. , Garner David M. , Raimundo Rodrigo D. , Valenti Vitor E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) throughout a language task is beneficial during psychophysiological evaluation to advance identification of language disorders. So as to better comprehend human communication and to provide additional elements for neuropsychological examinations we aimed to (1) examine the influence of language tasks on cortical auditory processing and vagal control of heart rate and (2) to verify a possible association between the parasympathetic cardiac regulation and cortical auditory processing in language tasks. This study was completed with 49 women. The subjects were separated into two groups: (1) phonological language tasks (N = 21) and (2) semantic (N = 21) language tasks. Heart rate variability (HRV) and CAEP were evaluated before and after the tests. HRV reduced (small effect size) and P3 wave latency increased after the phonological task. Identical variables were significantly correlated after the phonological task and linear regression indicated significant interaction between pNN50 (percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 milliseconds) and P3 latency (16.9%). In conclusion, phonological language tasks slightly reduced parasympathetic control of HR and increased cognitive effort. The association between HRV and CAEP are anticipated to be involved in this mechanism.