bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Thermophysical Properties of the Bagnold Dunes, Mars: Ground‐Truthing Orbital Data
Authors: Edwards Christopher S. , Piqueux Sylvain , Hamilton Victoria E. , Fergason Robin L. , Herkenhoff Ken E. , Vasavada Ashwin R. , Bennett Kristen A. , Sacks Leah , Lewis Kevin , Smith Michael D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe compare the thermophysical properties and particle sizes derived from the Mars Science Laboratory rover's Ground Temperature Sensor of the Bagnold dunes, specifically Namib dune, to those derived orbitally from Thermal Emission Imaging System, ultimately linking these measurements to ground truth particle sizes determined from Mars Hand Lens Imager images. In general, we find that all three datasets report consistent particle sizes for the Bagnold dunes (~110–350 μm and are within measurement and model uncertainties), indicating that particle sizes of homogeneous materials inferred from temperature measurements and thermophysical models are reliable. Furthermore, we examine the effects of two physical characteristics that could influence the modeled thermal inertia and particle sizes, including (1) fine‐scale (centimeter to meter scale) ripples and (2) thin layering of indurated/armored materials. To first order, we find that small‐scale ripples and thin (approximately centimeter scale) layers do not significantly affect the determination of bulk thermal inertia from orbital thermal data using a single nighttime temperature. Modeling of a layer of coarse or indurated material reveals that a thin layer (< ~5 mm; similar to what was observed by the Curiosity rover) would not significantly change the observed thermal properties of the surface and would be dominated by the properties of the underlying material. Thermal inertia and particle sizes of relatively homogeneous materials derived from nighttime orbital data should be considered as reliable, as long as there are no significant subpixel anisothermality effects (e.g., lateral mixing of multiple thermophysically distinct materials).
Deeper, Precipitating PBLs Associated With Optically Thin Veil Clouds in the Sc‐Cu Transition
Authors: O Kuan‐Ting , Wood Robert , Tseng Hsiu‐Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVariability and vertical structure of optically thin veil clouds over the stratocumulus to cumulus transition (SCT) are investigated using spaceborne satellite observations. Optically thin veil clouds, defined as the low clouds with cloud base >1 km that do not fully attenuate Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar signal, comprise ∼30% of the low clouds over the SCT. It is found that optically thin veil clouds are geometrically thin with cloud thickness ∼200 m and commonly reside in the upper boundary layer with average cloud base >1.5 km. Satellite observations reveal pronounced relationships between optically thin veil clouds, strong precipitation, deep planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, and low‐cloud droplet number concentration. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the low optical thickness of veil clouds over the SCT is contingent on the low‐cloud droplet number concentration caused by strong precipitation scavenging occurring in active cumulus, a process of which efficiency is strongly dependent on maximum condensate amount in updrafts and thus is highly constrained by planetary boundary layer height.
Exploiting Soil Moisture, Precipitation, and Streamflow Observations to Evaluate Soil Moisture/Runoff Coupling in Land Surface Models
Authors: Crow W. T. , Chen F. , Reichle R. H. , Xia Y. , Liu Q. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccurate partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and runoff is a fundamental objective of land surface models tasked with characterizing the surface water and energy balance. Temporal variability in this partitioning is due, in part, to changes in prestorm soil moisture, which determine soil infiltration capacity and unsaturated storage. Utilizing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Soil Moisture Active Passive Level‐4 soil moisture product in combination with streamflow and precipitation observations, we demonstrate that land surface models (LSMs) generally underestimate the strength of the positive rank correlation between prestorm soil moisture and event runoff coefficients (i.e., the fraction of rainfall accumulation volume converted into stormflow runoff during a storm event). Underestimation is largest for LSMs employing an infiltration‐excess approach for stormflow runoff generation. More accurate coupling strength is found in LSMs that explicitly represent subsurface stormflow or saturation‐excess runoff generation processes.
Topographic Steering of Enhanced Ice Flow at the Bottleneck Between East and West Antarctica
Authors: Winter Kate , Ross Neil , Ferraccioli Fausto , Jordan Tom A. , Corr Hugh F. J. , Forsberg René , Matsuoka Kenichi , Olesen Arne V. , Casal Tania G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypothesized drawdown of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the “bottleneck” zone between East and West Antarctica would have significant impacts for a large proportion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Earth observation satellite orbits and a sparseness of radio echo sounding data have restricted investigations of basal boundary controls on ice flow in this region until now. New airborne radio echo sounding surveys reveal complex topography of high relief beneath the southernmost Weddell/Ross ice divide, with three subglacial troughs connecting interior Antarctica to the Foundation and Patuxent Ice Streams and Siple Coast ice streams. These troughs route enhanced ice flow through the interior of Antarctica but limit potential drawdown of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the bottleneck zone. In a thinning or retreating scenario, these topographically controlled corridors of enhanced flow could however drive ice divide migration and increase mass discharge from interior West Antarctica to the Southern Ocean.
Direct neurotransmitter activation of voltage-gated potassium channels
Authors: Manville Rían W. , Papanikolaou Maria , Abbott Geoffrey W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVoltage-gated potassium channels KCNQ2–5 generate the M-current, which controls neuronal excitability. KCNQ2–5 subunits each harbor a high-affinity anticonvulsant drug-binding pocket containing an essential tryptophan (W265 in human KCNQ3) conserved for >500 million years, yet lacking a known physiological function. Here, phylogenetic analysis, electrostatic potential mapping, in silico docking, electrophysiology, and radioligand binding assays reveal that the anticonvulsant binding pocket evolved to accommodate endogenous neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which directly activates KCNQ5 and KCNQ3 via W265. GABA, and endogenous metabolites β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), competitively and differentially shift the voltage dependence of KCNQ3 activation. Our results uncover a novel paradigm: direct neurotransmitter activation of voltage-gated ion channels, enabling chemosensing of the neurotransmitter/metabolite landscape to regulate channel activity and cellular excitability.
Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 stimulates the longevity and immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans through a nuclear hormone receptor
Authors: Park Mi Ri , Ryu Sangdon , Maburutse Brighton E. , Oh Nam Su , Kim Sae Hun , Oh Sejong , Jeong Seong-Yeop , Jeong Do-Youn , Oh Sangnam , Kim Younghoon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we examined the functionality of Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216, a newly isolated probiotic bacterium, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. We determined bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract of C. elegans by plate counting and transmission electron microscopy and examined the survival of C. elegans using a solid killing assay. In addition, we employed DNA microarray analysis, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting assays to explore health-promoting pathways induced by probiotic bacteria in C. elegans. Initially, we found that the probiotic bacterium L. fermentum strain JDFM216 was not harmful to the C. elegans host. Conditioning with JDFM216 led to its colonization in the nematode intestine and enhanced resistance in nematodes exposed to food-borne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Interestingly, this probiotic strain significantly prolonged the life span of C. elegans. Whole-transcriptome analysis and transgenic worm assays revealed that the health-promoting effects of JDFM216 were mediated by a nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) family and PMK-1 signaling. Taken together, we described a new C. elegans-based system to screen novel probiotic activity and demonstrated that preconditioning with the probiotic L. fermentum strain JDFM216 may positively stimulate the longevity of the C. elegans host via specific pathway.
The Effect of Presentation Level on the SCAN-3 in Children and Adults
Authors: Stoody Tina M. , Cottrell Chelsea E. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe pediatric and adult versions of the SCAN-3 test (Keith, 2009a, 2009b) are widely used to screen and diagnose auditory processing disorders. According to the instruction manual, the test administration is flexible in that it may be administered through an audiometer at 50 dB HL or a portable CD player at the patient or administrator's most comfortable listening level (MCL). Because MCL may vary across individuals, even in those with normal hearing sensitivity, this study explored whether the presentation level affected scores on the SCAN-3 for both pediatric and adult populations.MethodTwenty-two young adults and 23 children with normal hearing sensitivity and middle ear function were administered the SCAN-3 three different times at 1-month intervals, at 40, 50, and 60 dB HL. The stimulus level of the SCAN-3 was counterbalanced across participants to eliminate test order effects. In addition, MCL was measured in the pediatric participants during each session.ResultsMCL varied significantly across children as well as between test sessions, ranging from 40 to 75 dB HL. Performance on 3 of the 4 subtests administered, as well as composite scores, was significantly different across presentation levels (based on scaled scores). Effect sizes were also calculated and found to be strong. The number of composite scores interpreted as within normal limits versus borderline or disordered was also statistically different across presentation levels.ConclusionsPresentation level appears to affect performance on auditory figure ground, monaural low-redundancy, and binaural integration types of auditory processing tasks that are measured by the SCAN-3. In children, MCL was found to vary significantly both between and within individuals. Although several professions outside audiology are qualified to administer the SCAN-3, it is likely that many of these individuals administer the test without an audiometer and would use an MCL to determine presentation level. It is recommended that SCAN-3 users administer the test through an audiometer at 50 dB HL, rather than with a portable CD player, using MCL values to avoid any presentation level effects.
Neighborhood Density and Syntactic Class Effects on Spoken Word Recognition: Specific Language Impairment and Typical Development
Authors: Hoover Jill R. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of neighborhood density and syntactic class on word recognition in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typical development (TD).

Method

Fifteen children with SLI (
M
age = 6;5 [years;months]) and 15 with TD (
M
age = 6;4) completed a forward gating task that presented consonant–vowel–consonant dense and sparse (neighborhood density) nouns and verbs (syntactic class).

Results
On all dependent variables, the SLI group performed like the TD group. Recognition performance was highest for dense words and nouns. The majority of 1st nontarget responses shared the 1st phoneme with the target (i.e., was in the target's cohort). When considering the ranking of word types from easiest to most difficult, children showed equivalent recognition performance for dense verbs and sparse nouns, which were both easier to recognize than sparse verbs but more difficult than dense nouns.

Conclusion
The current study yields new insight into how children access lexical–phonological information and syntactic class during the process of spoken word recognition. Given the identical pattern of results for the SLI and TD groups, we hypothesize that accessing lexical–phonological information may be a strength for children with SLI. We also discuss implications for using the forward gating paradigm as a measure of word recognition.
Design of a 340 GHz phase‐velocity‐taper travelling wave tube
Authors: Shao Wei , Zhou Qing , Tian Hanwen , Shi Xianbao , Wang Zhanliang , Wei Yanyu , Duan Zhaoyun , Gong Yubin , Feng Jinjun 
Published: May 2018

Staggered double‐vane slow wave structure as the core part of the travelling wave tube (TWT) has been more popular in recent years. However, the electron efficiency of this structure is not enough high for higher frequency, especially THz. In this study, phase‐velocity‐taper method is utilised for the improvement of TWT's efficiency at 340 GHz. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the whole tube with attenuator show good propagation characteristics over the wide frequency range from 330 to 345 GHz. The particle‐in‐cell simulation results indicate that the output power can increase about 32% at 340 GHz with respect to that of the without‐taper structure. The corresponding electron efficiency is improved from 2.8 to 3.5% by phase‐velocity‐taper. However, the simulation results also show that the tube can produce over 30 W output power in the frequency range from 330 to 343 GHz with an operating voltage of 21.3 kV, a current of 0.043 A, and an input power of 10 mW. In addition, a sheet beam electron gun with a beam current of 43 mA, a beam voltage of 21.3 kV, and beam waist cross‐sectional dimension of 0.3 mm × 0.08 mm is also designed as the particle source of the sheet‐beam TWT.
Maintenir et embellir les traitements orthodontiques : le laser, une place de choix
Authors: Pourrat F. , Pourrat F. 
Published: May 2018

Les finitions orthodontiques sont axées principalement sur l’occlusion, les fonctions et l’esthétique dentaire.Le laser apporte désormais les finitions esthétiques parodontales que les patients exigent, principalement pour maintenir les dents dans une certaine stabilité en luttant contre les récidives de rotation et de réouverture d’espaces. Il permet également d’embellir le sourire en s’adressant plus particulièrement à la partie rose de l’ensemble dento-parodontal. C’est par l’intermédiaire d’un arbre décisionnel que le praticien peut mieux appréhender les évaluations diagnostiques des différents éléments concourant à la micro-esthétique des tissus mous.
Chromosomes : étonnants polymères !
Authors: Barbi Maria , Lesne Annick , Mozziconacci Julien , Marc Victor Jean 
Published: May 2018

La molécule d'ADN est le support physique de l'information génétique. Ce long polymère est compacté grâce à des protéines pour former les chromosomes. Ce repliement assure la régulation de l’expression des gènes au cours de la vie des cellules.
La biochimie des chromosomes est un sujet d'intenses investigations, mais il apparait aujourd'hui que les propriétés physiques des chromosomes sont aussi au coeur de leur fonctionnement. Ces propriétés peuvent être décrites en combinant physique statistique et physique des polymères en solution.
Dans cet article, nous présentons les méthodes multi-échelles que nous avons développées pour reconstruire et animer l'architecture fonctionnelle des chromosomes.
Viscosité d’une suspension de bactéries : des efforts individuels aux efforts collectifs
Authors: Auradou Harold , Douarche Carine , Creppy Adama , Lopez Hector Matias , Clément Éric 
Published: May 2018

En 1906, Albert Einstein [1] a montré que l’ajout de particules sphériques solides dans un fluide augmente sa viscosité. En est-il encore ainsi quand les particules sont « actives » (c’est-à-dire motiles) ? Des expériences récentes avec des suspensions de bactéries Escherichia coli, qui sont de type « pousseur », démontrent un effet opposé : aux faibles taux de cisaillement, la viscosité macroscopique du liquide chute jusqu’à devenir nulle.Ce phénomène vient essentiellement du fait que la puissance motrice des bactéries contribue à la puissance mécanique fournie au fluide pour assurer son écoulement, cette contribution ayant une valeur nette non nulle en raison de l’organisation de la nage des bactéries soit individuellement, soit collectivement.
High Intensity Training (HIT)
Authors: Kotkowski Peter , Kotkowski David , Schmidtlein Oliver 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungHigh Intensity Training (HIT) oder hochintensives Intervalltraining – der neue Trend im Sport. Die Trainingsform wird von Hochleistungssportlern sowie
Freizeitsportlern genutzt. Es wird über maximale Erfolge in kürzester Zeit gesprochen. Doch was genau ist diese spezielle Form des Ausdauertrainings und wie
wird sie optimal eingesetzt?
Bewegungsförderung auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Zergiebel Dominik 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungGrundlage für die Unterstützung der schwer kranken Patienten bei der Bewegung und der Schaffung fördernder, sicherer und (druck-)entlastender Liegepositionen ist
ein Wissen um den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat und seine Funktionen. Nur wenn wir uns selbst, unsere Bewegung und Aktivitäten verstehen und kennen, können wir
auch gute Pflege leisten. Dieser CNE Schwerpunkt „Bewegungsförderung auf der Intensivstation“ möchte in dieser Hinsicht aufrütteln und ein Interesse für die
vorgestellten Konzepte, die Förderung unserer Patienten und den menschlichen Körper und seine Funktionen allgemein wecken.
Wenn Heilung nicht mehr möglich ist
Authors: Angerer Patrick , Gostic Lisa 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungInfauste Prognosen, Therapieeskalation, Differenzen im interprofessionellen Team, Gerätealarm und Schichtarbeit. Der Alltag auf einer Intensivstation kann
Pflegekräfte vor Herausforderungen stellen. Hat dies Auswirkungen auf ihre Gesundheit?
Praxisbezogene Empfehlungen zum Ambulanten Glukoseprofil
Authors: Kroeger Jens , Reichel Andreas , Siegmund Thorsten , Ziegler Ralph 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungKontinuierliches Glukosemonitoring resultiert in großen Datenmengen, die mithilfe des Ambulanten Glukoseprofils (AGP) standardisiert zusammengefasst und grafisch dargestellt werden können. Das AGP ermöglicht die Auswertung der Glukosewerte hinsichtlich verschiedener Parameter wie Hypo- und Hyperglykämien, Zeit im Zielbereich (Time in Range – TIR), Glukosevariabilität, Glukosestabilität und Glucose Exposure. Des Weiteren ermöglicht es eine einfache und verständliche Interpretation des glykämischen Profils. Sich daraus ergebende Therapie- und Verhaltensanpassungen können die glykämische Kontrolle von Menschen mit Diabetes verbessern. Die vorliegenden praxisnahen Empfehlungen zur Auswertung des AGP stellen eine Expertenmeinung dar, die von praxisnahen Diabetologen erstellt wurde. Anhand von Beispielen und Empfehlungen wird das Vorgehen schrittweise erläutert und zusammengefasst.
Ungeeignete Methodik, zweifelhafte Ergebnisse
Authors: Simon Michael 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMitte 2017 legte das Deutsche Krankenhausinstitut (DKI) eine Studie vor, die zu dem Ergebnis kam, dass die Personalbesetzung auf Intensivstationen im
Durchschnitt aller Krankenhäuser den Empfehlungen der maßgeblichen medizinischen Fachgesellschaft entspricht und somit weitgehend bedarfsgerecht und ausreichend
sei. Ein solches Ergebnis widerspricht nicht nur den zahlreichen Berichten aus der Praxis, sondern auch vorherigen Forschungsergebnissen. Insofern ist die Frage
zu stellen, wie vertrauenswürdig die Ergebnisse der DKI-Studie sind. Der folgende Beitrag geht dieser Frage nach und zeigt auf, dass die DKI-Studie keineswegs –
wie behauptet – als repräsentativ gelten kann und dass ihre Ergebnisse folglich nicht als zutreffende Wiedergabe der Krankenhauswirklichkeit gewertet werden
können.
Mass in Right Pulmonary Artery—Case Report
Authors: Muddada Ravi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe authors present a case of mass in the right pulmoary artery in a 60-year-old female patient who had dyspnea on exertion for 1 month before admission. Two-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram revealed mass in the right pulmonary artery. There was no evidence of deep venous thrombosis. Though the final diagnosis was not made, the authors present this case mainly for identifying and differentiating pulmonary artery thrombosis from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and tumor.
A Preclinical Model to Study the Influence of Graft Force on the Healing of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft
Authors: Ma Richard , Stasiak Mark , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to establish a small animal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction research model where ACL graft force can be varied to create different graft force patterns with controlled knee motion. Cadaveric (n = 10) and in vivo (n = 10) rat knees underwent ACL resection followed by reconstruction using a soft tissue autograft. Five cadaveric and five in vivo knees received a nonisometric, high-force femoral graft tunnel position. Five cadaveric and five in vivo knees received a more isometric, low-force graft tunnel position. ACL graft force (N) was then recorded as the knee was ranged from extension to 90 degrees using a custom knee flexion device. Our results demonstrate that distinct ACL graft force patterns were generated for the high-force and low-force femoral graft tunnels. For high-force ACL grafts, ACL graft forces increased as the knee was flexed both in cadaveric and in vivo knees. At 90 degrees of knee flexion, high-force ACL grafts had significantly greater mean graft force when compared with baseline (cadaver: 7.76 ± 0.54 N at 90 degrees vs. 4.94 ± 0.14 N at 0 degree, p = 0.004; in vivo: 7.29 ± 0.42 N at 90 degrees vs. 4.74 ± 0.13 N at 0 degree, p = 0.007). In contrast, the graft forces for low-force ACL grafts did not change with knee flexion (cadaver: 4.94 ± 0.11 N at 90 degrees vs. 4.72 ± 0.14 N at 0 degree, p = 0.41; in vivo: 4.78 ± 0.26 N at 90 degrees vs. 4.77 ± 0.06 N at 0 degree, p = 1). Compared with nonisometric ACL grafts, the graft force for grafts placed in an isometric position had significantly lower ACL graft forces at 15, 30, 45, 60, 70, and 90 degrees in both cadaveric and in vivo knees. In conclusion, we have developed a novel ACL reconstruction model that can reproducibly produce two ACL graft force patterns. This model would permit further research on how ACL graft forces may affect subsequent graft healing, maturation, and function.