bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein components of water extracts from fruiting bodies of the reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum contribute to the production of functional molecules
Authors: Kumakura Kei , Hori Chiaki , Matsuoka Hiroki , Igarashi Kiyohiko , Samejima Masahiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMushrooms have been widely considered as health foods as their extracts have anti‐hypertensive and anti‐tumor activities. After a thorough literature survey, we hypothesized that enzymes in mushroom extracts play an important role in synthesizing functional molecules. Therefore, in this study, proteins extracted from reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), which is used in oriental medicine, were identified by the proteomic approach, and appropriate extraction methods for improving angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were investigated.RESULTSVarious glycoside hydrolases (GHs), such as β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase (GH family 20), α‐1,2‐mannosidase (GH family 47), endo‐β‐1,3‐glucanase (GH family 128), and β‐1,3‐glucanase (GH152), that degrade glycans in the fruiting body were identified. The residual glucanase activities generated β‐oligosaccharides. Additionally, the glutamic acid protease of the peptidase G1 family was determined as the major protein in the extract, and the residual peptidase activity of the extracts was found to improve ACE inhibitory activities. Finally, it was observed that extraction at 50 °C is suitable for yielding functional molecules with high ACE inhibitory activities.CONCLUSIONWater extraction is generally believed to extract only functional macromolecules that exist in mushroom fruiting bodies. This study proposed a new concept that describes how functional molecules are produced by enzymes, including proteases and GHs, during extraction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental and modeling investigation of shape memory behavior of polyurethane/carbon nanotube nanocomposite
Authors: Moghim Mohammad Hadi , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Eqra Rahim 
Published: June 2018

In the current study, mechanical, thermal, thermo‐mechanical, and shape memory behavior of polyurethane/carbon nanotube nanocomposites were investigated, and also a modified Halpin‐Tsai equation was used for the first time to model shape recovery stress of these smart composites. Results showed that strength enhanced with the addition of MWCNTs and improved to a maximum value of 130% for PU‐1wt%CNTs. SEM micrographs were also used to prove the presence of agglomerates at higher CNT contents. By investigating thermogravimetry curves, it was concluded that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes transferred thermal degradation to a higher temperature. Storage modulus improved for nanocomposite samples which showed the reinforcing effect of CNTs on polyurethane. Memory behavior showed that recovery stress was increased for PU‐CNTs samples to a maximum value of 100% and not any harmful effect on shape recoveries observed. Finally, modified Halpin‐Tsai equation was obtained with the correction factor of K = exp(−1.79‐152Vf).
The c‐MYC–BMI1 axis is essential for SETDB1‐mediated breast tumourigenesis
Authors: Xiao Jin‐Fen , Sun Qiao‐Yang , Ding Ling‐Wen , Chien Wenwen , Liu Xin‐Yu , Mayakonda Anand , Jiang Yan‐Yi , Loh Xin‐Yi , Ran Xue‐Bin , Doan Ngan B , Castor Brandon , Chia David , Said Jonathan W , Tan Kar Tong , Yang Henry , Fu Xin‐Yuan , Lin De‐Chen , Koeffler H Phillip 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCharacterising the activated oncogenic signalling that leads to advanced breast cancer is of clinical importance. Here, we showed that SET domain, bifurcated 1 (SETDB1), a histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase, is aberrantly expressed and behaves as an oncogenic driver in breast cancer. SETDB1 enhances c‐MYC and cyclin D1 expression by promoting the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)‐mediated translation of MYC/CCND1 mRNA, resulting in prominent signalling of c‐MYC to promote cell cycle progression, and provides a growth/self‐renewal advantage to breast cancer cells. The activated c‐MYC–BMI1 axis is essential for SETDB1‐mediated breast tumourigenesis, because silencing of either c‐MYC or BMI1 profoundly impairs the enhanced growth/colony formation conferred by SETDB1. Furthermore, c‐MYC directly binds to the SETDB1 promoter region and enhances its transcription, suggesting a positive regulatory interplay between SETDB1 and c‐MYC. In this study, we identified SETDB1 as a prominent oncogene and characterised the underlying mechanism whereby SETDB1 drives breast cancer, providing a therapeutic rationale for targeting SETDB1–BMI1 signalling in breast cancer. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oxygen functional groups of reduced graphene oxide on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Xue Xiaodong , Chen Yang , Yin Qing , Zhang Xumin , Zhang Wanqi , Jia Hongbing , Xiao Leqin , Hong Liu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various surface structures was prepared by reducing graphene oxide (GO) with hydrazine hydrate (N2H4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and l‐ascorbic acid, respectively. The resulting rGO were used to fabricate rGO/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites by a melt‐blending method. The surface structure of rGO as well as multifunctional properties of rGO/PP nanocomposites were thoroughly investigated. It was shown that rGO with highest C/O ratio could be obtained by reducing GO with N2H4. The crystallization behaviors, tensile strength, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of rGO/PP nanocomposites were significantly improved with the increase of C/O ratio of rGO. For example, with only 1 phr (parts per hundred PP) rGO reduced by N2H4, the degree of crystallinity, tensile strength, maximum heat decomposition temperature and thermal conductivity of PP nanocomposite were increased by 6.2%, 20.5%, 48.0 °C and 54.5%, respectively, compared with those of pure PP. Moreover, the thermal degradation kinetics indicated that the decomposition activation energy of rGO/PP nanocomposites could be enhanced by adding rGO with higher C/O ratio. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Resolution Matters: Correlating Quantitative Proteomics and Nanoscale‐Precision Microscopy for Reconstructing Synapse Identity
Authors: Miklosi Andras Gabor , Del Favero Giorgia , Marko Doris , Harkany Tibor , Lubec Gert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor more than a century, the precision at which any protein (or RNA) could be localized in living cells depends on the spatial resolution of microscopy. Light microscopy, even recently benchmarked laser‐scanning microscopy, is inherently liable to the diffraction limit of visible light. Electron microscopy that had existed as the only alternative for decades is, in turn, of low throughput and sensitive to processing artefacts. Therefore, researchers have looked for alternative technologies particularly with ever‐growing interest in resolving structural underpinnings of cellular heterogeneity in the human body. Computational (“in silico”) predictions provided only partial solutions given the incompleteness of existing databases and erroneous assumptions on evolutionarily conserved sequence homology across species. A breakthrough that facilitates subcellular protein localization came with the introduction of “super‐resolution” microscopy, which yields 20–60 nm resolution by overcoming diffraction‐limited technologies. The ensuing combination of “super‐resolution” microscopy with unbiased proteomics continues to produce never‐before‐seen gains by quantitatively addressing the distribution, interaction, turnover, and secretion of proteins in living cells. Here, we illustrate the power of this combined work flow by the example of transmembrane receptor localization at the neuronal synapse. We also discuss how dynamic analysis allows for inferences be made for cellular physiology and pathobiology.
Tailoring the Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Nanoparticles for Boosting the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance of Chemically Stable Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes
Authors: Bi Lei , Shafi Shahid P. , Da'as Eman Husni , Traversa Enrico 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent the most efficient devices for producing electrical power from fuels. The limit in their application is due to the high operation temperature of conventional SOFC materials. Progress is made toward lower operating temperatures using alternative oxygen‐ion conducting electrolytes, but problems of stability and electronic conductivity still remain. A promising alternative is the use of chemically stable proton‐conducting Y‐doped BaZrO3 (BZY) electrolytes, but their practical applications are limited by the BZY's relatively low performance. Herein, it is reported that deposition by impregnation of cathode nanoparticles on BZY backbones provides a powerful strategy to improve the BZY‐based SOFC performance below 600 °C, allowing an outstanding power output for this chemically stable electrolyte. Moreover, it is demonstrated that keeping the nanostructure is more important than keeping the desired chemical composition. The proposed scalable processing method can make BZY a competitive electrolyte for SOFC applications.
Spin(7)-manifolds as generalized connected sums and 3d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ theories
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura 
Published: June 2018

AbstractM-theory on compact eight-manifolds with Spin(7)-holonomy is a framework for geometric engineering of 3d$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1gauge theories coupled to gravity. We propose a new construction of such Spin(7)-manifolds, based on a generalized connected sum, where the building blocks are a Calabi-Yau four-fold and aG2-holonomy manifold times a circle, respectively, which both asymptote to a Calabi-Yau three-fold times a cylinder. The generalized connected sum construction is first exemplified for Joyce orbifolds, and is then used to construct examples of new compact manifolds with Spin(7)-holonomy. In instances when there is a K3-fibration of the Spin(7)-manifold, we test the spectra using duality to heterotic on aT3-fiberedG2-holonomy manifold, which are shown to be precisely the recently discovered twisted-connected sum constructions.
The Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: EU and US Regulatory Approach
Authors: WALTER Shona , MITKIDIS Katerina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe potential exposure to organisms and humans of pharmaceutical waste presents society with a wicked problem. The health benefits of pharmaceuticals are obvious, but the public awakening to the risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in the environment is in its early stages. Regulators in the US and the EU require an environmental risk assessment of a medicinal product before it can enter the market. This article compares the US and EU approach to assessing these risks, with the purpose of providing a different perspective on how to approach this delicate balancing act of risk and benefit and to reveal the different values underpinning the risk assessment.
A cluster of Chryseobacterium indologenes cases related to drainage water in intensive care units
Authors: Cantero Mireia , Parra Lina M. , Muñez Elena , Iranzo Reyes , Sánchez-Romero Maria Isabel , Oteo Jesús , Asensio Angel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this outbreak, 12 patients in intensive care units acquired a Chryseobacterium indologenes infection. Cultures from sinkholes and air samples were positive for C. indologenes. After removing wash basins, no new cases appeared. Sinkholes, potentially contaminated, can act as a reservoir for C. indologenes and other microorganisms. Thus, patients and equipment should be protected from sink splashes to avoid contamination.
Inlet Duct-Engine Exhaust Nozzle Airflow Matching for the Supersonic Transport
Authors: Taylor J. B. 
Published: June 2018

Propulsion systems selected for commercial transports must provide efficient and reliable performance over a broad range of conditions. These aeroplanes are used over both short and long route segments, on non-standard days, and at a range of altitudes to meet air-line schedule requirements.This paper covers some of the design parameters that were considered in the integration of the induction system, secondary air system, jet nozzle and the basic turbojet gas generator for the SST. During recent years some of the most important gains in propulsion efficiency have resulted from the development of inlets, engines and exhaust nozzles which are matched over a broad range of operating conditions. An efficient propulsion system for a supersonic transport depends upon very close matching of these components. This, of course, requires a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each of these major components. For the supersonic transport, 50% or more of the gross weight will be comprised of propulsion system and fuel and less than 10% will be payload.
Arithmetical Power Series Expansion of the Sigma Function for a Plane Curve
Authors: Ônishi Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Weierstrass function σ(u) associated with an elliptic curve can be generalized in a natural way to an entire function associated with a higher genus algebraic curve. This generalized multivariate sigma function has been investigated since the pioneering work of Felix Klein. The present paper shows Hurwitz integrality of the coefficients of the power series expansion around the origin of the higher genus sigma function associated with a certain plane curve, which is called an (n,s)-curve or a plane telescopic curve. For the prime (2), the expansion of the sigma function is not Hurwitz integral, but its square is. This paper clarifies the precise structure of this phenomenon. In Appendix A, computational examples for the trigonal genus 3 curve ((3, 4)-curve)y3+ (μ1x+μ4)y2+ (μ2x2+μ5x+μ8)y=x4+μ3x3+μ6x2+μ9x+μ12(whereμjare constants) are given.
DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS: DO YOU KNOW WHAT POPULATION YOU ARE SAMPLING FROM?
Authors: KOZAK MARCIN , PIEPHO HANS-PETER 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYConsider a field experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design in which you study three types of fertilizers for two winter wheat cultivars. One year, one location – the experiment is not repeated. You design it and then spend a lot of time and money to conduct it. You cultivate the soil and take care of the plants; you worry about them; you never know what can happen, so you cannot wait for the crop to be harvested. And that day finally comes. The crop is harvested, and everything is fine. And here you are, all went great, you have the data in hands, and now a simple thing to do – analyse them. Well, yes, the experiment was conducted in one year, and you are aware you cannot be sure the outcome would be the same next year or elsewhere, but whatever – suffice it to consider the conclusions as preliminary and get on with the interpretation. Why should you not? It was a properly designed experiment that took samples from the underlying infinite populations of the two winter wheat cultivars in the three water regimes studied. Statistics is here to help you out, is not it? Well, it is not. Statistics will not help you out whether the experiment was poorly designed. Agricultural science literature seldom explains what populations are studied and what types of samples are taken in designed experiments. To fill this gap, we discuss various aspects of the sampling process in designed experiments. In doing so, we look at the survey sampling methodology, a statistical framework for studying finite populations – we do this because survey sampling has developed into the advanced theory of sampling processes, and this background can help us understand the intrinsic aspects of sampling in designed experiments.
Dynamics analysis of a novel 5-DoF parallel manipulator with couple-constrained wrench
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Yang , Zhang Lijie , Ye Nijia , Wang Yongli 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYA three-dimensional (3D) model of a novel 5-DoF type parallel manipulator with a couple-constrained wrench is constructed and its couple-constrained wrench is analyzed. First, the formulas are derived for solving the displacement, velocity, acceleration of the moving platform and moving links, and a workspace is constructed. Second, the formulas are derived for solving the inertial wrenches of the moving links. Third, a dynamics equation is established by considering the inertial wrenches and friction, and the formulas are derived for solving the dynamically active forces and the dynamically couple-constrained wrench. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the analytic solution of the kinematics and the dynamics, and the analytical solutions are verified by utilizing a simulation mechanism.
Resisting a Right to Relief: States, Responsible Relative Laws, and Old Age Assistance
Authors: Stein-Roggenbuck Susan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Efforts to modernize public assistance via the Social Security Act of 1935 met significant opposition from states. One manifestation of that resistance was state responsible relative laws in the Old Age Assistance program. Responsible relative laws enforced support by adult children as an eligibility requirement; applicants with children deemed able to provide support were either denied aid, or the grant awarded was reduced. These laws are an example of parent dependency policies that sought to enforce or encourage family members, particularly adult children, to support parents in need. States sought to ensure that all financial resources were exhausted before public funds were spent on OAA. Responsible relative laws were an arena of public assistance that remained under state discretion, and many states used them to control costs and contest federal efforts to modernize relief programs and limit state and local authority.
Kennedy’s Keynesian Budgetary Politics and the 1962 Public Works Acceleration Act
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas F. , Savage James D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Public works spending was an integral component of John F. Kennedy’s fiscal policy. Drawing on a wide range of archival evidence from the Kennedy Presidential Library, we show how the administration worked to pass a $2.5 billion infrastructure bill that would give the presidency unilateral authority in determining where and when those funds would be spent. Contrary to recent accounts that emphasize Kennedy’s role in promoting massive tax cuts in 1963–64, the 1962 Public Works Acceleration Act was a key fiscal instrument that Kennedy advocated prior to the administration’s push for tax reform. Moreover, the public works policy was strictly Keynesian—designed as a proactive countercyclical “stabilizer” that would generate budget deficits in order to make up for slack in a recession. Kennedy’s plan faced stiff resistance in Congress and the history of the law offers important lessons for why infrastructure programs are often disregarded as countercyclical instruments.
Less is More: Legal Imagination in Context
Authors: KOSKENNIEMI MARTTI 
Published: June 2018

Why all this interest in the history of international law today? A partial explanation can surely be found from the end of the 20-year period of liberal-internationalist ascendancy (1989–2008) and the perplexity that has followed its demise. Mark Zuckerberg put it succinctly in a manifesto onBuilding Global Communityin Facebook in February 2017. When his company started, he noted, it was to ‘bring . . . us closer together and build . . . a global community’. ‘[T]his idea’, he suggested, ‘was not controversial’. But suddenly there has emerged a ‘movement for withdrawing from global connection’. Nor have international law scholars rested silent. Eric Posner has termed the present moment – with glee – as the ‘backlash’ against ‘liberal cosmopolitanism’. More soberly, perhaps, Philip Alston has noted the rise of ‘challenges [to] the human rights movement’ that are ‘fundamentally different from much of what has gone before’ while James Crawford has warned against ‘large-scale retreat into nativism and unilateralism’. What used to be a clear and broadly shared objective – building of a global community – is no longer so clearly visible. So, the temptation might be to look backwards instead and ask, ‘how did we get here?’.
Heritage, Crisis, and Community Crime Prevention in Nepal
Authors: Yates Donna , Mackenzie Simon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:Following Nepal’s 2015 earthquake, there was speculation that sacred art would be looted from the ruins of severely damaged temples due to a breakdown in formal security. Although pillage did not immediately occur, the months following the earthquake have seen the theft of sacred heritage items. As Nepali sacred art remains under threat of theft, we explore the processes by which government intervention can be destructive of the community dynamic that maintains local crime prevention on an informal and unofficial level. Based on fieldwork conducted in Nepal shortly before and after the earthquake, we ask: can situational crime prevention measures, when imposed in a top-down fashion upon communities by state actors, be corrosive of collective efficacy and, therefore, ultimately self-defeating in crime prevention terms? The case of post-quake Nepal seems to suggest that the answer to this question is, in some circumstances, yes.
Fiscal shortage risk and the potential role for tropical storm insurance: evidence from the Caribbean
Authors: Ouattara Bazoumana , Strobl Eric , Vermeiren Jan , Yearwood Stacia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecently a number of multi-country insurance schemes have been introduced to deal with short-term fiscal liquidity gaps after natural disasters. However, little is known about the actual underlying risk to the fiscal sector just after such events. In this paper, we estimate the risk of fiscal shortages due to tropical storms in the Caribbean. To this end, first we use a panel VAR and estimate that while government expenditure does not respond to damages due to tropical storms, there is a significant contemporaneous effect on fiscal revenue. The results also reveal that different components of expenditure and revenue respond differently to hurricane shocks. Then, employing a parametric bulk extreme value model on estimated losses due to historical events, we show that the fiscal shortage due to storms can potentially be sizeable depending on the rarity of the event, but varies considerably across islands. However, any risk assessment is fraught with considerable uncertainty, particularly for rare but potentially very damaging tropical storm strikes.
Smoking, health and academic outcomes: evidence from a limited smoking campus policy
Authors: Cannonier Colin , Burke Monica G. , Steward Kathryn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough there is substantial literature on the impact of smoking laws, the number of studies that investigate the impact of such policies on college campuses is sparse. Using a rich data set from various waves of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey for a mid-sized public university in the southern United States, we investigate a possible causal link between a limited smoking policy and smoking behaviours, health and academic outcomes among college students. We employ propensity score matching methods to control for endogeneity of unobservable characteristics. Our results show a significant reduction in the propensity to smoke cigarettes and cigars following the introduction of the policy. Further, we find that the policy has increased academic outcomes; however, it has no significant effect on student health. These findings have important policy implications for schools that are considering instituting comprehensive smoking bans on college.