bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long‐run effect of government ideology on economic freedom
Authors: Murphy Ryan H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccording to popular attitudes in Western democracies, the choice between right‐wing and left‐wing parties is a choice between socialism and unbridled free markets. In contrast, the cold and staid research of academia has frequently concluded that particular political parties do not really matter, as whichever party is elected will be closely tethered to the will of the median voter. This article considers the effects of the ideology of parties in power over the long run (1928–95) on economic freedom in subsequent periods. Right‐wing governments are found to have modest, positive effects on economic freedom, but the effects are not particularly robust. The findings here are consistent with others elsewhere, which conclude that there is minor, uneven evidence of an effect. Nonetheless, historically small effects may not be indicative of the future, should these effects be poorly indicative of today's tumultuous political landscape.
Prospects for an ordoliberal reform of the European Union
Authors: Wandel Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the prospects for an ordoliberal reform of the European Union in order to tackle its multiple crises. It shows what an ordoliberal European Union would have to look like and examines the constraints its implementation faces. Three reasons are identified that make an ordoliberal reform of the EU at present unlikely. First, in the EU's most powerful member state, Germany, where ordoliberalism has its origins, economic policy adheres increasingly less to this strain of economic thinking. Second, given the primacy of European integration in domestic politics, Germany values European unity higher than economic principles. Third, once Brexit is complete Germany will lack influential allies for an ordoliberal reshaping of the EU.
Cardiac sarcoidosis mimicking left ventricular noncompaction: An approach to acquired apical hypertrabeculation
Authors: Nagai Tomoo , Horinouchi Hitomi , Kitayama Azusa , Ikari Yuji 
Published: March 2019

A 65‐year‐old asymptomatic woman, who had been pathologically diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis, was admitted for further evaluation of possible cardiac involvement. Her echocardiography demonstrated the development of apical hypertrabeculation that was not observed 5 years previously. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed late gadolinium enhancement in the same region. Gallium single photon‐missioned computed tomography/computed tomography revealed high uptake. Therefore, the diagnosis of active cardiac sarcoidosis was established, and subsequent treatment with corticosteroid was initiated. No study regarding acquired left ventricular hypertrabeculation associated with cardiac sarcoidosis has been reported. The integrated multi‐imaging modality approach helped in earlier recognition of cardiac sarcoidosis.
Significant mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing TAVR: Mechanisms and imaging variables associated with improvement
Authors: Chiche Olivier , Rodés‐Cabau Josep , Campelo‐Parada Francisco , Freitas‐Ferraz Afonso B. , Regueiro Ander , Chamandi Chekrallah , Rodriguez‐Gabella Tania , Côté Mélanie , DeLarochellière Robert , Paradis Jean‐Michel , Dumont Eric , Doyle Daniel , Mohammadi Siamak , Bergeron Sébastien , Pibarot Philippe , Beaudoin Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSignificant mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Factors associated with MR improvement have not been studied thoroughly.MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with TAVR with more than mild MR at baseline. MR evolution was assessed at 1–3 and 6–12 months after intervention. MR severity and mechanisms were assessed by echocardiography. Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) was quantified using preoperative cardiac CT.ResultsFrom 674 consecutive TAVR recipients, 78 with more than mild MR had a 6–12 months follow‐up. Following TAVR, MR improved in 34 patients (43%), remained stable in 38 (49%) and worsened in 6 (8%). Patients with MR improvement had greater tenting area (141 ± 56 vs. 99 ± 40 mm2, P < 0.01), tenting height (7.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.6 ± 1.9 mm, P < 0.01) and lower ejection fraction (43 ± 16 vs. 52 ± 14%, P = 0.01). MAC was frequent (87.7% of patients) and a trend in greater MAC was observed in patients without MR improvement (3560 ± 5587 vs. 2053 ± 2800, P = 0.16). In multivariable analysis, tenting area (OR per 10 mm2 increase: 1.012, 95% CI, 1.001–1.024 P = 0.039) and annulus calcifications associated with leaflet restriction (OR = 0.108, 95% CI, 0.012–0.956, P = 0.045) were independently associated with MR outcome after TAVR.ConclusionLarger mitral valve tenting area was associated with more improvement of MR after TAVR whereas extensive MAC associated with leaflet restriction was associated with less improvement. This may help in the clinical decision‐making process of TAVR candidates with concomitant MR.
Is a standardised approach to colopexy justified?
Authors: Mudge M. C. , Gardner A. K. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryEquine colopexy techniques vary according to surgeon preference and there is no clear evidence of the superiority of any one technique. Complications secondary to colopexy are varied, but dehiscence of the colopexy site is rare, with less than 1% of horses reported to have a repeat large colon volvulus after dehiscence of the colopexy. Considerations of how and when to perform a surgical fixation of the colon to the body wall include position of the colon, length of the colopexy, and suture material and pattern. Little evidence exists regarding best practice outside of experimental studies and retrospective studies of Thoroughbred broodmares. Therefore, more work must be done to standardise a colopexy technique to apply to a broad spectrum of horses suffering from large colon volvulus and displacement.
The ‘front stage’ of substance auditing: A study of how substance auditing is presented in performance audit reports
Authors: Svärdsten Fredrik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerformance audit is a practice with a potentially high degree of democratic and political relevance. Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) have the authority to determine whether the undertakings in central government ‘are working’; therefore, SAIs tend to be regarded as important guardians of transparency and ‘good’ public sector performance. For this purpose, audits of ‘substance’ are regarded as crucial by both the research community and the INTOSAI. Still, the literature on performance audit concludes that substance audits are rare, although they do exist. One explanation for this is that substance auditing can be a risky endeavour for the auditors, since the lack of generic accounting standards for ‘good’ public sector performance makes the performance audit reports vulnerable to criticism. The aim of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of substance auditing by detailing the ways in which such audits are presented in performance audit reports. Thus, the paper focuses its analysis on the ‘front stage’ of substance auditing and finds that the auditors rarely choose to stand on the front stage alone. Instead, they regularly support their authority by relying on other authorities, and when such authorities are lacking, the auditors are reluctant to present judgements in terms of ‘good’ (or poor) performance. In such cases, this paper suggests that the democratic relevance of the audits can be questioned.
Effect of submicron admixtures on mechanical and self‐healing properties of cement‐based composites
Authors: Kanellopoulou Irene , Karaxi Evangelia K. , Karatza Anna , Kartsonakis Ioannis A. , Charitidis Costas A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents the development of novel submicron super absorbent polymers (SAPs) used as admixtures in cement‐based matrices with significant advantages over conventional products. The produced SAPs were characterized in respect of their morphology and composition, while their water absorption capacity was determined in different electrolyte solutions. The hybrid core‐shell spherical structure of the fabricated materials offered significant compatibility enhancement with cement while the workability of the mixture was maintained. The assessment of the cement‐based composites including SAPs revealed that their flexural strength increased by 78%. Self‐healing/sealing behavior was assessed by monitoring the crack sealing via SEM, elemental analysis of the healing products, and determination of the water absorbance coefficient for different times of treatment. The cement/SAPs composites with a concentration of SAPs 2% by weight of cement exhibited self‐healing/sealing responsive capability when an artificial crack was induced. According to the SEM characterization, the crack demonstrated complete healing for the better part of its length after 28 days of treatment.
Adaptive regulation of detoxification enzymes in Helicoverpa armigera to different host plants
Authors: Jin M. , Liao C. , Fu X. , Holdbrook R. , Wu K. , Xiao Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCotton plants produce gossypol as a major secondary metabolite to resist insect herbivores and pathogens. Helicoverpa armigera may employ multigene families of detoxification enzymes to deal with this metabolite. So far, the strength of the transcriptional response to gossypol detoxification in the cotton bollworms remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genomewide transcriptional changes that occur in cotton bollworm larvae after one generation feeding on various host plants (cotton, corn, soybean and chili) or an artificial diet. Six genes potentially involved in detoxification of xenobiotics were highly upregulated in bollworms fed on cotton, and the expression of five of these differed significantly in insects that fed on gossypol diet compared with the artificial diet. When these six genes were downregulated using RNA interference, downregulation only of CYP4L11, CYP6AB9 and CCE001b led to reduced growth of bollworm larvae feeding on gossypol diets. These data suggest that the three genes are involved in response of H. armigera to gossypol of cotton. Our results proved that H. armigera may have a broad mechanism for gossypol detoxification.
Oxygen vacancies and pseudo Jahn‐Teller destabilization in cesium‐doped hexagonal tungsten bronzes
Authors: Okada Mika , Ono Katsushi , Yoshio Satoshi , Fukuyama Hideaki , Adachi Kenji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStructural and compositional changes of Cs‐doped hexagonal tungsten bronzes (HTB) with respect to variations in oxygen deficiency and alkali content have been investigated in detail through x‐ray diffraction Rietveld analysis, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Cs‐HTB crystallized in a reductive atmosphere is evidenced to generally contain plenty of oxygen defects, and a general formula, CsxWO3−y (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.32, 0 < y ≤ 0.46), is proposed. Lattice parameters of Cs‐HTB are observed to vary according to the relation, c (Å) = −3.436a (Å) + 33.062. The coordinated modification of W–O octahedral dimensions suggests the origin of the structural change with increasing x and y to be a destabilization of the pseudo Jahn‐Teller distortion due to donated electrons. The dimensional change of lattice due to electrons emitted from oxygen defects is appraised only 1/18 as that due to electrons from doped alkali ions, suggesting that most electrons from oxygen defects should be localized in Cs‐HTB.
Examining pre‐service teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge as evolving knowledge domains: A longitudinal approach
Authors: Valtonen Teemu , Sointu Erkko , Kukkonen Jari , Mäkitalo Kati , Hoang Nhi , Häkkinen Päivi , Järvelä Sanna , Näykki Piia , Virtanen Anne , Pöntinen Susanna , Kostiainen Emma , Tondeur Jo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to outline the development and changes in pre‐service teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) assessments during the first 3 years in teacher education. Specifically, research was conducted at three measurement points over a 3‐year teacher education period. The target group consisted of pre‐service teachers (N = 148) from three Finnish universities. Results indicate a growth in confidence related to all TPACK areas during the research period. The strongest gains were in pedagogical content knowledge. In addition, the gains were larger in other areas related to pedagogical knowledge than areas related to technology or content knowledge. In areas without pedagogical knowledge, the changes were more moderate. In the discussion section, recommendations are provided on the potential of longitudinal use of the TPACK model to study and improve the development of pre‐service teachers' TPACK.
How to implant a phrenic nerve stimulator for treatment of central sleep apnea?
Authors: Augostini Ralph S. , Afzal Muhammad R. , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Westlund Randy , Stellbrink Christoph , Gutleben Klaus , Gupta Sanjaya , Saleem Moeen , Smith Timothy W. , Peterson Michael , Drucker Michael , Merliss Andrew , Hayes John , Butter Christen , Hutchinson Matthew , Jagielski Dariusz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCentral sleep apnea (CSA) is a breathing disorder caused by the intermittent absence of central respiratory drive. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is a new therapeutic option, recently approved by the FDA , for the treatment of CSA.ObjectiveTo describe the technique used to implant the transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation system (the remedē System, Respicardia, Inc).MethodsThe remedē System is placed in the pectoral region, typically on the right side. A single stimulation lead is placed in either the left pericardiophrenic vein (PPV) or the right brachiocephalic vein (RBC). A sensing lead is placed into the azygous vein to detect respiration.ResultsIn the remedē System Pivotal trial, 147 of 151 (97%) patients were successfully implanted with the system. Sixty‐two percent of stimulation leads were placed in the PPV and 35% in the RBC. Mean procedure time was 2.7 ± 0.8 hours and 94% of patients were free from implant‐related serious adverse events through 6 months.ConclusionIn patients with CSA, transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is an effective and safe therapy with an implant procedure similar to that of cardiac implantable electronic devices.
miR‐148a inhibits early relapsed colorectal cancers and the secretion of VEGF by indirectly targeting HIF‐1α under non‐hypoxia/hypoxia conditions
Authors: Tsai Hsiang‐Lin , Miao Zhi‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Ting , Huang Ching‐Wen , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Yang I‐Ping , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is correlated with angiogenesis and early relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated the role of miR‐148a in the regulation of VEGF/angiogenesis and early relapse of CRC. We established a stable clone with miR‐148a expression in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines and created a hypoxic condition by using CoCl2 to determine the underlying mechanism of miR‐148a. The effects of miR‐148a on the phosphoryl‐ERK (pERK)/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)/VEGF pathway were evaluated through Western blotting and the inhibitory effect of miR‐148a on angiogenesis was demonstrated through a tube formation assay. Sixty‐three CRC tissues (28 early relapse and 35 non‐early relapse) were analysed to assess the relationship between miR‐148a and HIF‐1α/VEGF. The protein expression of pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF in HCT116 and HT29 cells was significantly decreased by miR‐148a (all P < 0.05). The protein expression of VEGF/HIF‐1α was strongly inversely associated with the expression of miR‐148a in the 63 CRC tissue samples (all P < 0.05). Tube formation assay demonstrated that miR‐148a significantly obliterated angiogenesis. miR‐148a suppresses VEGF through down‐regulation of the pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway and might lead to the inhibition of angiogenesis; miR‐148a down‐regulation increased the early relapse rate of CRC. This demonstrates that miR‐148a is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
Topical application and oral supplementation of peptides in the improvement of skin viscoelasticity and density
Authors: Maia Campos Patricia M. B. G. , Melo Maisa Oliveira , Siqueira César Francine Celise 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe combination of oral supplementation and topical formulations to the improvement of skin conditions has been proposed as an innovative approach to obtain effective treatments. However, studies comparing the effectiveness of each type of treatments are still in lack. This way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a dermocosmetic formulation with di‐ and tripeptides, as well the effects of an oral supplementation based on hydrolyzed collagen through biophysical and skin imaging techniques.MethodsSixty healthy female subjects, aged between 40 and 50 years, were enrolled, being separated in 3 groups: topical formulation, oral supplementation, and oral placebo. The stratum corneum water content, skin viscoelasticity, dermis echogenicity, and skin pores parameters were evaluated.ResultsThe group with the topical formulation showed a significant increase in the stratum corneum water content and skin elasticity after 28‐day period and also acted in the dermis echogenicity after 90 days with the formulation with peptides. The oral supplementation acted on skin elasticity and presented a more pronounced effect on dermis echogenicity, reducing skin pores after 90‐day period.ConclusionThe obtained results with oral supplementation and topical application of hydrolyzed proteins were considered complementary in the improvement of general skin conditions, acting in different mechanisms.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and liver targeting of 3-O-β-D-Galactosylated Resveratrol
Authors: Qian Jiajia , Zha Liqiong , Wang Beilei , Zhang Caiyun , Hong Lufeng , Chen Weidong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Resveratrol (Res), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has shown pharmacological activities in treatment of liver diseases. However, the application of Res was limited by its poor bioavailability and liver targeting. Herein, 3-O-β-D-Galactosylated Resveratrol (Gal-Res) was synthesized by structural modification of Res to enhance bioavailability and liver targeting.

Methods
The Gal-Res was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectra and MS. The in vitro antitumour experiments, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were evaluated.

Results
Gal-Res was successfully synthesized in our study. Compared to Res, Gal-Res resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. After intravenous injection of normal SD rats, Gal-Res significantly improved the bioavailability of Res and the Cmax and AUC0–t of Gal-Res were 3.186 and 3.929 time than that of Res. In addition, in the study of liver targeting, the relative uptake rate (Re) of Gal-Res in the liver (2.006) is the largest. The drug targeting efficiency (Te; 38.924%) of Gal-Res was greater than that of Res. These showed that Gal-Res could significantly improve the distribution ability of Res in liver.

Conclusions
On the whole, Gal-Res increased cellular uptake to HepG2 cells, bioavailability and liver targeting, providing its future clinical application in the treatment of liver diseases.
On Bilingual Aptitude for Learning New Languages: The Roles of Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Individual Differences
Authors: Cox Jessica G. , Lynch Julianna M. , Mendes Najee , Zhai ChengCheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn enduring question is whether language learning aptitude is a stable trait or is one influenced by experience, such as living with two languages. We investigated aptitude in bilinguals and treated their bilingual experience as an aggregate of variables, focusing on how individual differences in (a) language experience variables of proficiency, exposure, and age of onset and (b) nonverbal IQ explain variability in aptitude. Results from 80 Spanish–English bilinguals in the United States revealed positive relationships between balanced proficiency in Spanish and English, nonverbal IQ, and aptitude for grammatical inferencing. Similar relationships, plus a positive role for more exposure to bilinguals’ more dominant language, emerged for aptitude in building sound–symbol associations. No aptitude component related to age of onset and age at testing, nor did any language experience variable or IQ relate to aptitude for sound recognition. We discuss results vis‐à‐vis language and cognition in minority language bilinguals.
An efficient approach to quantile capital allocation and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Asimit Vali , Peng Liang , Wang Ruodu , Yu Alex 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn various fields of applications such as capital allocation, sensitivity analysis, and systemic risk evaluation, one often needs to compute or estimate the expectation of a random variable, given that another random variable is equal to its quantile at some prespecified probability level. A primary example of such an application is the Euler capital allocation formula for the quantile (often called the value‐at‐risk), which is of crucial importance in financial risk management. It is well known that classic nonparametric estimation for the above quantile allocation problem has a slower rate of convergence than the standard rate. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to the quantile allocation problem via adjusting the probability level in connection with an expected shortfall. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed nonparametric estimator of the new capital allocation is derived for dependent data under the setup of a mixing sequence. In order to assess the performance of the proposed nonparametric estimator, AR‐GARCH models are proposed to fit each risk variable, and further, a bootstrap method based on residuals is employed to quantify the estimation uncertainty. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed inference. Finally, the proposed methodology of quantile capital allocation is illustrated for a financial data set.
Analysis of the morphological structures of comet 1P/Halley in the perihelion passages in 1910 and 1986
Authors: Voelzke M. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work is based on a systematic analysis of images of comet 1P/Halley collected during its penultimate and ultimate approaches, i.e., in 1910 and 1986. This research has identified, characterized, classified, and compared tail structures of comet 1P/Halley, namely disconnection events (DEs), wavy structures, and solitons. The images of the comet during its 1910 passage, as illustrated in the Atlas of Comet Halley 1910 II (Donn et al. 1986), were compared with those of its approach in 1986 as illustrated in The International Halley Watch Atlas of Large‐Scale Phenomena (Brandt et al. 1992). Two onsets of DEs were discovered after the perihelion passage in 1910 with an average value of the corrected cometocentric velocity (Vc) of 57 ± 15 km s−1. Ten onsets of DEs were discovered after the perihelion passage in 1986 with an average Vc equal to 130 ± 37 km s−1. The mean value of the corrected wavelength λc of wavy structures in 1910 is equal to 1.7 ± 0.1 × 106 km, as compared to 2.2 ± 0.2 × 106 km in 1986. The mean value of the amplitude A of the wave in 1910 is equal to 1.4 ± 0.1 × 105 km and 2.8 ± 0.5 × 105 km in 1986. The goals of this research were to report the results obtained from the analysis of the P/Halley's images from 1910 and 1986, to provide empirical data for comparison, and to form the input for future physical/theoretical work.