bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreters in law enforcement contexts: Practices and experiences according to investigators
Authors: Shaffer Sarah A. , Evans Jacqueline R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryInterpreters play an important role in the criminal justice system, yet little is known about the way interpreters are used. This survey of U.S. law enforcement (N = 299) assessed practices and perceptions regarding interpreter use during interviews with nonnative English speakers. Investigators reported using colleagues more often than professional interpreters, using interpreters more often with suspects and in certain crimes (e.g., domestic violence), and that interpreters are usually at least partially informed about case facts prior to translating. Investigators responded to experimental vignettes, and results indicated they were more likely to seek and obtain interpreters when an interviewee has lived in the United States for fewer years; however, the language spoken and the interviewee's role (e.g., witness vs. suspect) did not affect decisions to request an interpreter. Several avenues for future experimental research are identified and discussed, including interpreting over the phone and interpreter susceptibility to biases.
Laser Irradiation of Metal Oxide Films and Nanostructures: Applications and Advances
Authors: Palneedi Haribabu , Park Jung Hwan , Maurya Deepam , Peddigari Mahesh , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Annapureddy Venkateswarlu , Kim Jong‐Woo , Choi Jong‐Jin , Hahn Byung‐Dong , Priya Shashank , Lee Keon Jae , Ryu Jungho 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent technological advances in developing a diverse range of lasers have opened new avenues in material processing. Laser processing of materials involves their exposure to rapid and localized energy, which creates conditions of electronic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium. The laser‐induced heat can be localized in space and time, enabling excellent control over the manipulation of materials. Metal oxides are of significant interest for applications ranging from microelectronics to medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the synthesis, manipulation, and patterning of metal oxide films and nanostructures. Besides providing a brief overview on the principles governing the laser–material interactions, here, the ongoing efforts in laser irradiation of metal oxide films and nanostructures for a variety of applications are reviewed. Latest advances in laser‐assisted processing of metal oxides are summarized.
Large‐Scale One‐Step Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Yeast Extract Powder and Construction of Carbon Dots/PVA Fluorescent Shape Memory Material
Authors: Wu Shuangshuang , Li Wei , Zhou Wan , Zhan Yan , Hu Chaofan , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Xuejie , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have drawn lots of attention for their excellent properties and broad applications. However, rarely hydrothermal methods of preparation have been investigated and reach a high synthetic yield of CDs, which limits their scale‐up production. In this work, a large‐scale one‐step process is shown to prepare CDs from yeast extract powder (called y‐CDs) for the first time and the yield of CDs can reach up to 65.8%. The optical properties and morphology of the y‐CDs are characterized. On account of good water solubility and high yield of y‐CDs, the application of the reprepared y‐CDs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as fluorescent shape memory material is explored. It turns out that the reprepared y‐CDs/PVA not only exhibits bright blue luminescence under 365 nm UV light excitation, but also possesses shape memory behavior, which is superior to pure PVA. The interaction between y‐CDs and PVA is explained and a water‐responsive shape memory mechanism of the y‐CDs/PVA composite films is introduced.
The first Seriatum study of growth by R. E. Scammon
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRichard E. Scammon's article, “The First Seriatim Study of Human Growth,” provided one of the best‐known visuals in the field of human biology. Scammon resurrected longitudinal height data of one child from Buffon's Histoire Naturelle, converted them to metric, and plotted these measurements as a function of age. The result was the first graph of one individual's growth curve from birth to 18 years of age. This image was subsequently reproduced in numerous texts on human growth and biology. Published in 1927, Scammon's article provides a snapshot of the state of growth research at the time and gives a (literal) picture of the future of human biology. The graph of the growth of one child symbolizes the importance of process and variation in biological anthropology.
l‐Methionine anti‐biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is enhanced by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, ivacaftor
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Lim Dong‐Jin , Mackey Calvin , Weeks Christopher G. , Peña Garcia Jaime A. , Skinner Daniel , Grayson Jessica W. , Hill Harrison S. , Alexander David K. , Zhang Shaoyan , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundBiofilms may contribute to refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), as they lead to antibiotic resistance and failure of effective clinical treatment. l‐Methionine is an amino acid with reported biofilm‐inhibiting properties. Ivacaftor is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator with mild antimicrobial activity via inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether co‐treatment with ivacaftor and l‐methionine can reduce the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.MethodsP aeruginosa (PAO‐1 strain) biofilms were studied in the presence of l‐methionine and/or ivacaftor. For static biofilm assays, PAO‐1 was cultured in a 48‐well plate for 72 hours with stepwise combinations of these agents. Relative biofilm inhibitions were measured according to optical density of crystal violet stain at 590 nm. Live/dead assays (BacTiter‐Glo™ assay, Promega) were imaged with laser scanning confocal microscopy. An agar diffusion test was used to confirm antibacterial effects of the drugs.Resultsl‐Methionine (0.5 μM) significantly reduced PAO‐1 biofilm mass (32.4 ± 18.0%; n = 4; p < 0.001) compared with controls. Low doses of ivacaftor alone (4, 8, and 12 μg/mL) had no effect on biofilm formation. When combined with ivacaftor (4 μg/mL), a synergistic anti‐biofilm effect was noted at 0.05 μM and 0.5 μM of l‐methionine (two‐way analysis of variane, p = 0.0415) compared with corresponding concentrations of l‐methionine alone.ConclusionIvacaftor enhanced the anti‐biofilm activity of l‐methionine against the PAO‐1 strain of P aeruginosa. Further studies evaluating the efficacy of ivacaftor/l‐methionine combinations for P aeruginosa sinusitis are planned.
Ultrathin Palladium Nanomesh for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Wei Pei , Wu Geng , Liu Yudan , Yuan Tongwei , Li Zhijun , Qu Yunteng , Wu Yuen , Li Hai , Zhuang Zhongbin , Hong Xun , Li Yadong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn ordered mesh of palladium with a thickness of about 3 nm was synthesized by a solution‐based oxidative etching. The ultrathin palladium nanomeshes have an interconnected two‐dimensional network of densely arrayed, ultrathin quasi‐nanoribbons that form ordered open holes. The unique mesoporous structure and high specific surface area make these ultrathin Pd nanomeshes display superior catalytic performance for ethanol electrooxidation (mass activity of 5.40 Am g−1 and specific activity of 7.09 mA cm−2 at 0.8 V vs. RHE). Furthermore, the regular mesh structure can be applied to support other noble metals, such as platinum, which exhibits extremely high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and durability.
Direct N‐Glycofunctionalization of Amides with Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidate by Thiourea/Halogen Bond Donor Co‐Catalysis
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Nakatsuji Yuya , Li Shanji , Tsuzuki Seiji , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing a halogen bond (XB) donor and Schreiner's thiourea as cooperative catalysts, various amides, including the asparagine residues of several peptides, were directly coupled with glycosyl trichloroacetimidates to give unique N‐acylorthoamides in good yields. Synthetic applications of N‐acylorthoamides, including rearrangement to the corresponding β‐N‐glycoside, were also demonstrated.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Hydrophilic Phytosterol Derivatives Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid
Authors: He Wen‐Sen , Wang Hui‐Hui , Jing Zhang‐Mu , Cui Dan‐Dan , Zhu Jia‐Qi , Li Zheng‐Jian , Ma Hai‐Le 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhytosterols and their derivatives have been attracting much attention because of their potential beneficial effects on human health. However, the free phytosterols are insoluble in water and poorly soluble in oil and fat, thus limiting their application. So far, many studies have been done to improve the oil solubility of phytosterols, but little research has been reported to improve their water solubility. In this study, hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives (phytosteryl polyethylene glycol succinate, PPGS) was efficiently synthesized, through an intermediate phytosteryl hemisuccinate (PSHS), which was first chemically prepared and subsequently coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) using acidic ionic liquids (IL) as catalyst via 2‐batch or 1‐pot stepwise esterification routes. The chemical structure of the products was characterized by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy, suggesting that hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives were successfully synthesized. As for 2‐batch esterification route, the mass and molar conversion of PSHS to PPGS could reach above 97 and 88% under the optimum conditions: [BSO3HMim][HSO4] as the catalyst, IL load of 6%, molar ratio of PEG 2000 to PSHS at 1:1.25, 110 °C, and 1 hour. Using the 1‐pot stepwise route, the conversion of phytosterols to PSHS could achieve above 92% for 2 hours, and the mass and molar conversion of PSHS to PPGS could achieve above 97 and 90% for 12 extra hours. Both 2‐batch and 1‐pot stepwise routes using the same IL displayed high conversion, suggesting that IL [BSO3HMim][HSO4] could be used as the potential catalyst and 2 routes could be used as highly efficient route for PPGS synthesis.
Influence of additives on the morphology of PVDF membranes based on phase diagram: Thermodynamic and experimental study
Authors: Mohsenpour Sajjad , Khosravanian Abdollah 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the morphology of asymmetric poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend membranes which were prepared by the phase inversion method is rationalized by comparing two non‐dimensional number represent thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the prepared membrane. These two parameters change phase diagram and demixing rate between solvent and nonsolvent. TiO2 nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as additives. Hansen solubility parameters of the components are calculated by Van Krevelen method. Furthermore, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the prepared solutions are determined by drawing phase diagrams and controlling mass transfer rate during precipitation of casting solution. Besides, to further analyze different tests encompass; permeability, rejection, porosity, pore size determination, contact angle, and field emission scanning electron microscopy images were carried out. It is shown, additives as pore former induced higher permeability and porosity, however, at higher concentration of additives high viscosity obstacle mass transfer and sponge‐like morphology is obtained. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46225.
The reactive compatibilization effect of copolymer macroactivator for immiscible anionic polyamide 6/polystyrene blends via in situ polymerization
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Ying Jie , Wang Jikui 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel method has been successfully developed to prepare the anionic polyamide 6/polystyrene (APA6/PS) blends. The macroactivator P(St‐co‐IEM) was synthesized by the free radical polymerization of 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate and styrene (St), then the graft copolymer of PS and APA6 (PS‐g‐APA6) can be obtained by the anionic polymerization of ɛ‐caprolactam activated by the macroactivator P(St‐co‐IEM). The X‐ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy analysis, contact angle measurement, water absorption measurement, molau test, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical properties test were performed separately to study the effects of P(St‐co‐IEM) on crystallinity, morphology, water resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The results indicate the synthesis of macroactivator can promote the formation of the γ‐phase. Moreover, it can improve the interfacial compatibility, water resistance, thermal stability, and toughness. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46302.
Insulin signaling pathway protects neuronal cell lines by Sirt3 mediated IRS2 activation
Authors: Mishra Neha , Lata Sonam , Deshmukh Priyanka , Kamat Kajal , Surolia Avadhesha , Banerjee Tanushree 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCellular stress like ER and oxidative stress are the principle causative agents of various proteinopathies. Multifunctional protein PARK7/DJ‐1 provides protection against cellular stress. Recently, insulin/IGF also has emerged as a neuro‐protective molecule. However, it is not known whether DJ‐1 and insulin/IGF complement each other for cellular protection in response to stress. In this study, we show for the first time, that in human and mouse neuronal cell lines, down regulation of DJ‐1 for 48 h leads to compensatory upregulation of insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway genes, namely, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, and Akt under normal physiological conditions as well as in cellular stress conditions. Moreover, upon exogenous supply of insulin there is a marked increase in the IIS components both at gene and protein levels leading to down regulation and inactivation of GSK3β. By immunoprecipitation, it was observed that Sirt3 mediated deacetylation and activation of FoxO3a could not occur under DJ‐1 downregulation. Transient DJ‐1 downregulation also led to Akt mediated increased phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of FoxO3a. When DJ‐1 was downregulated increased interaction of Sirt3 with IRS2 was observed leading to its activation resulting in IIS upregulation. Thus, transient downregulation of DJ‐1 leads to stimulation of IIS pathway by Sirt3 mediated IRS2 activation. Consequently, antiapoptotic program is triggered in neuronal cells via Akt‐GSK3β‐FoxO3a axis. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):224–236, 2018
Photo‐switchable microbial fuel‐cells
Authors: Schlesinger Orr , Dandela Rambabu , Bhagat Ashok , Adepu Raju , Meijler Michael M. , Xia Lin , Alfonta Lital 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRegulation of Bio‐systems in a clean, simple, and efficient way is important for the design of smart bio‐interfaces and bioelectronic devices. Light as a non‐invasive mean to control the activity of a protein enables spatial and temporal control far superior to other chemical and physical methods. The ability to regulate the activity of a catalytic enzyme in a biofuel‐cell reduces the waste of resources and energy and turns the fuel‐cell into a smart and more efficient device for power generation. Here we present a microbial‐fuel‐cell based on a surface displayed, photo‐switchable alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme was modified near the active site using non‐canonical amino acids and a small photo‐reactive molecule, which enables reversible control of enzymatic activity. Depending on the modification site, the enzyme exhibits reversible behavior upon irradiation with UV and visible light, in both biochemical, and electrochemical assays. The change observed in power output of a microbial fuel cell utilizing the modified enzyme was almost five‐fold, between inactive and active states.
Purification, characterization, and N‐glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase from transgenic rice cell suspension cultures
Authors: Corbin Jasmine M. , Kailemia Muchena J. , Cadieux C. Linn , Alkanaimsh Salem , Karuppanan Kalimuthu , Rodriguez Raymond L. , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Cerasoli Douglas M. , McDonald Karen A. , Nandi Somen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecombinant butyrylcholinesterase produced in a metabolically regulated transgenic rice cell culture (rrBChE) was purified to produce a highly pure (95%), active form of enzyme. The developed downstream process uses common manufacturing friendly operations including tangential flow filtration, anion‐exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography to obtain a process recovery of 42% active rrBChE. The purified rrBChE was then characterized to confirm its comparability to the native human form of the molecule (hBChE). The recombinant and native enzyme demonstrated comparable enzymatic behavior and had an identical amino acid sequence. However, rrBChE differs in that it contains plant‐type complex N‐glycans, including an α‐1,3 linked core fucose, and a β‐1,2 xylose, and lacking a terminal sialic acid. Despite this difference, rrBChE is demonstrated to be an effective stoichiometric bioscavenger for five different organophosphorous nerve agents in vitro. Together, the efficient downstream processing scheme and functionality of rrBChE confirm its promise as a cost‐effective alternative to hBChE for prophylactic and therapeutic use.
Use of aspirin and bleeding-related complications after hepatic resection
Authors: Gelli M. , Allard M. A. , Farges O. , Paugam-Burtz C. , Mabrut J. Y. , Regimbeau J. M. , Vibert E. , Boleslawski E. , Adam R. , Aussilhou B. , Badaoui R. , Bonnet A. , Castaing D. , Cherqui D. , Cosse C. , Darnis B. , Dokmak S. , Dondero F. , Fulbert M. , Gazon M. , Klapisz L. , Lebuffe G. , M'ba L. , Millet G. , Mohkam K. , Nguyen M. , Pham V. H. , Pruvot F.-R. , Antonios R. , Sa Cunha A. , Soubrane O. , Truant S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The operative risk of hepatectomy under antiplatelet therapy is unknown. This study sought to assess the outcomes of elective hepatectomy performed with or without aspirin continuation in a well balanced matched cohort.

Methods
Data were retrieved from a multicentre prospective observational study. Aspirin and control groups were compared by non-standardized methods and by propensity score (PS) matching analysis. The main outcome was severe (Dindo–Clavien grade IIIa or more) haemorrhage. Other outcomes analysed were intraoperative transfusion, overall haemorrhage, major morbidity, comprehensive complication index (CCI) score, thromboembolic complications, ischaemic complications and mortality.

Results
Before matching, there were 118 patients in the aspirin group and 1685 in the control group. ASA fitness grade, cardiovascular disease, previous history of angina pectoris, angioplasty, diabetes, use of vitamin K antagonists, cirrhosis and type of hepatectomy were significantly different between the groups. After PS matching, 108 patients were included in each group. There were no statistically significant differences between the aspirin and control groups in severe haemorrhage (6·5 versus 5·6 per cent respectively; odds ratio (OR) 1·18, 95 per cent c.i. 0·38 to 3·62), intraoperative transfusion (23·4 versus 23·7 per cent; OR 0·98, 0·51 to 1·87), overall haemorrhage (10·2 versus 12·0 per cent; OR 0·83, 0·35 to 1·94), CCI score (24 versus 28; P = 0·520), major complications (23·1 versus 13·9 per cent; OR 1·82, 0·92 to 3·79) and 90-day mortality (5·6 versus 4·6 per cent; OR 1·21, 0·36 to 4·09).

Conclusion
This observational study suggested that aspirin continuation is not associated with a higher rate of bleeding-related complications after elective hepatic surgery.
Intrathoracic versus cervical anastomosis and predictors of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Gooszen J A H , Goense L , Gisbertz S S , Ruurda J P , van Hillegersberg R , van Berge Henegouwen M I 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Studies comparing the anastomotic leak rate in patients with an intrathoracic versus a cervical anastomosis after oesophagectomy are equivocal. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcome after oesophagectomy in patients with an intrathoracic or cervical anastomosis, and to identify predictors of anastomotic leakage in a nationwide audit.

Methods
Between January 2011 and December 2015, all consecutive patients who underwent oesophagectomy for cancer were identified from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. For the comparison between an intrathoracic and cervical anastomosis, propensity score matching was used to adjust for potential confounders. Multivariable logistic regression modelling with backward stepwise selection was used to determine independent predictors of anastomotic leakage.

Results
Some 3348 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 654 patients were included in both the cervical and intrathoracic anastomosis groups. An intrathoracic anastomosis was associated with a lower leak rate than a cervical anastomosis (17·0 versus 21·9 per cent; P = 0·025). The percentage of patients with recurrent nerve paresis was also lower (0·6 versus 7·0 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and an intrathoracic anastomosis was associated with a shorter median hospital stay (12 versus 14 days; P = 0·001). Multivariable analysis revealed that ASA fitness grade III or higher, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus and proximal oesophageal tumours were independent predictors of anastomotic leakage.

Conclusion
An intrathoracic oesophagogastric anastomosis was associated with a lower anastomotic leak rate, lower rate of recurrent nerve paresis and a shorter hospital stay. Risk factors for anastomotic leak were co-morbidities and proximal tumours.
Meta-analysis of delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving versus pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Klaiber U. , Probst P. , Strobel O. , Michalski C. W. , Dörr-Harim C. , Diener M. K. , Büchler M. W. , Hackert T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a frequent complication after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Recent studies have suggested that resection of the pylorus is associated with decreased rates of DGE. However, superiority of pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy was not shown in a recent RCT. This meta-analysis summarized evidence of the effectiveness and safety of pylorus-preserving compared with pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods
RCTs and non-randomized studies comparing outcomes of pylorus-preserving and pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy were searched systematically in MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed and the results presented as weighted odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences with their corresponding 95 per cent confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses were performed to account for interstudy heterogeneity between RCTs and non-randomized studies.

Results
Three RCTs and eight non-randomized studies with a total of 992 patients were included. Quantitative synthesis across all studies showed superiority for pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy regarding DGE (OR 2·71, 95 per cent c.i. 1·48 to 4·96; P = 0·001) and length of hospital stay (mean difference 3·26 (95 per cent c.i. −1·04 to 5·48) days; P = 0·004). Subgroup analyses including only RCTs showed no significant statistical differences between the two procedures regarding DGE, and for all other effectiveness and safety measures.

Conclusion
Pylorus-resecting pancreatoduodenectomy is not superior to pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for reducing DGE or other relevant complications.