bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limb-use by foraging marine turtles, an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Fujii Jessica A. , McLeish Don , Brooks Andrew J. , Gaskell John , Van Houtan Kyle S. 
Published: March 2018

The use of limbs for foraging is documented in both marine and terrestrial tetrapods. These behaviors were once believed to be less likely in marine tetrapods due to the physical constraints of body plans adapted to locomotion in a fluid environment. Despite these obstacles, ten distinct types of limb-use while foraging have been previously reported in nine marine tetrapod families. Here, we expand the types of limb-use documented in marine turtles and put it in context with the diversity of marine tetrapods currently known to use limbs for foraging. Additionally, we suggest that such behaviors could have occurred in ancestral turtles, and thus, possibly extend the evolutionary timeline of limb-use behavior in marine tetrapods back approximately 70 million years. Through direct observationin situand crowd-sourcing, we document the range of behaviors across habitats and prey types, suggesting its widespread occurrence. We argue the presence of these behaviors among marine tetrapods may be limited by limb mobility and evolutionary history, rather than foraging ecology or social learning. These behaviors may also be remnant of ancestral forelimb-use that have been maintained due to a semi-aquatic life history.
Cigarette Smoking Impairs Adipose Stromal Cell Vasculogenic Activity and Abrogates Potency to Ameliorate Ischemia
Authors: Barwinska Daria , Traktuev Dmitry O. , Merfeld-Clauss Stephanie , Cook Todd G. , Lu Hongyan , Petrache Irina , March Keith L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) adversely affects the physiologic function of endothelial progenitor, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, the effect of CS on the ability of adipose stem/stromal cells (ASC) to promote vasculogenesis and rescue perfusion in the context of ischemia is unknown. To evaluate this, ASC from nonsmokers (nCS-ASC) and smokers (CS-ASC), and their activity to promote perfusion in hindlimb ischemia models, as well as endothelial cell (EC) survival and vascular morphogenesis in vitro were assessed. While nCS-ASC improved perfusion in ischemic limbs, CS-ASC completely lost this therapeutic effect. In vitro vasculogenesis assays revealed that human CS-ASC and ASC from CS–exposed mice showed compromised support of EC morphogenesis into vascular tubes, and the CS-ASC secretome was less potent in supporting EC survival/proliferation. Comparative secretome analysis revealed that CS-ASC produced lower amounts of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1). Conversely, CS-ASC secreted the angiostatic/pro-inflammatory factor Activin A, which was not detected in nCS-ASC conditioned media (CM). Furthermore, higher Activin A levels were measured in EC/CS-ASC cocultures than in EC/nCS-ASC cocultures. CS-ASC also responded to inflammatory cytokines with 5.2-fold increase in Activin A secretion, whereas nCS-ASC showed minimal Activin A induction. Supplementation of EC/CS-ASC cocultures with nCS-ASC CM or with recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor, HGF, or SDF-1 did not rescue vasculogenesis, whereas inhibition of Activin A expression or activity improved network formation up to the level found in EC/nCS-ASC cocultures. In conclusion, ASC of CS individuals manifest compromised in vitro vasculogenic activity as well as in vivo therapeutic activity.
Die „WiNo-Methode“ zur Identifikation von Wissen in transdisziplinären Netzwerken mithilfe der Wissensbilanzierung
Authors: Bachinger Monika , Bleher Daniel , Rau Hannes , Prieß Rasmus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie „WiNo-Methode“ dient dazu, das Wissen in typischerweise unverfassten transdisziplinären Netzwerken zu erfassen, gegliedert nach Humankapital, Strukturkapital und Beziehungskapital. Die Identifikation von Wissensbeständen aus wissenschaftlichen und außerwissenschaftlichen Quellen ist für transdisziplinäre Lernprozesse und transdisziplinäre Forschung zentral. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie die strukturierte Erfassung von Human-, Struktur- und Beziehungskapital in transdisziplinären Netzwerken gelingen kann. Die „WiNo-Methode“ greift auf bekannte Analysemethoden und den Ansatz der Wissensbilanzierung in Unternehmensnetzwerken zurück und passt diese den besonderen Anforderungen transdisziplinärer Forschung an. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Unverfasstheit von transdisziplinären Kooperationsnetzwerken und den daraus entstehenden Herausforderungen bei der Definition von Forschungsfragen. Das Anwendungsfeld der beschriebenen Vorgehensweise ist breit, da sie themenunabhängig und auch in verschiedenen Phasen von transdisziplinärer Forschung angewandt werden kann.
Partizipative Wissenserzeugung und Wissenschaftlichkeit – ein methodologischer Beitrag
Authors: Defila Rico , Di Giulio Antonietta 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungReallabore und transdisziplinäre Projekte verbindet die partizipative Anlage und der Anspruch, neues Wissen zu produzieren. Der Beitrag ist der wissenschaftlichen Belastbarkeit partizipativ erzeugter Erkenntnisse gewidmet. Er fokussiert dabei auf Gütekriterien rund um Methoden. Die Relevanz des Themas für transdisziplinäre Forschung außerhalb und innerhalb von Reallaborforschung ergibt sich aus Zweifeln an der Gültigkeit partizipativ erzeugten Wissens innerhalb der Wissenschaft, aus dem Fehlen einer Diskussion über das Herstellen von Nachvollziehbarkeit solcher Ergebnisse und aus dem forschungspraktischen Bedarf nach einem Pool bewährter Methoden. Basierend auf einer Literaturanalyse wird – mit Blick auf die Wahl (inkl. Entwicklung) und Umsetzung von Methoden sowie auf die Dokumentation und Reflexion des methodischen Vorgehens – ein Katalog von Gütekriterien für Methoden der partizipativen Wissensproduktion vorgeschlagen. Dabei wird aus der Debatte v. a. über partizipative Forschung, Aktionsforschung, Handlungsforschung und Interventionsforschung geschöpft. Drei der vorgeschlagenen Kriterien beziehen sich auf das Ziel und den Kontext von Methoden, acht auf die Umsetzung und zwei auf die Reflexion der Erfahrungen.
Der Partizipationsmythos „Partizipation bedeutet, alle immer an allem zu beteiligen“
Authors: Seebacher Andreas , Alcántara Sophia , Quint Alexandra 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEin Partizipationsmythos ist ein Komplex von individuellen und kollektiven Vorstellungen über Partizipation, die sich unter den Akteuren eines Reallabors als unhinterfragte Erwartungshaltung hartnäckig halten und – ohne ausreichende Evidenz – Entscheidungen (mit) beeinflussen. Der Kurz-Beitrag erörtert den Mythos, Partizipation in der Forschung sei nur dann gut, wenn alle an möglichst allen Aktivitäten mitwirken würden und an allen Entscheidungen beteiligt seien. Er zeigt, dass das nicht nur alle Beteiligten überfordern, sondern auch nicht den tatsächlichen Partizipationsbedarfen entsprechen würde. Im Buch werden zudem der Partizipationsmythos vollständiger Transparenz sowie der Partizipationsmythos unerlässlicher Repräsentativität diskutiert.
Akteure in Reallaboren – Reallabore als Akteure
Authors: Seebacher Andreas , Alcántara Sophia , Quint Alexandra 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt ein Modell vor, anhand dessen die Akteurskonstellation in einem Reallabor analysiert und geplant werden kann, und das auch für andere transdisziplinäre (und transformative) Kontexte eine Denkhilfe darstellen dürfte, wenn es um die Planung und Reflexion der Projektstruktur geht. In Reallaboren ist, das hat die Erfahrung gezeigt, eine Vielfalt von Akteuren zu unterscheiden, die in vielfältiger Weise und unterschiedlicher Intensität an den verschiedenen Aktivitäten partizipieren. Zugleich bedarf, aufgrund des Eingebettetseins von Reallaboren ‚in die reale Welt‘, die ‚Außengrenze‘ besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Das vorgestellte Modell berücksichtigt diese Faktoren sowie die Dynamik und Fluktuation, die nicht Ausnahme, sondern Regel sind.
Negative relationship between diversity and productivity under plant invasion
Authors: Wu Ai‐Ping , Liu Jian , He Fei‐Fei , Wang Yan‐Hong , Zhang Xin‐Jie , Duan Xiao‐Di , Liu Yue , Qian Zi‐Yan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe relationship between diversity and productivity of plant community under plant invasion has been not well known up to now. Here, we investigated the relationship between diversity and productivity under plant invasion and studied the response of species level plant mass to species richness in native and invaded communities. A field experiment from 2008 to 2013 and a pot experiment in 2014 were conducted to study the effects of plant invasion on the relationship between diversity and productivity and the response of species level plant mass to species richness in native and invaded communities. The community level biomass was negatively correlated to plant species richness in invaded communities while the same relationship was positive in native communities. The species level plant mass of individual species responded differently to overall plant species richness in the native and invaded communities, namely, most of the species’ plant mass increased in native communities, but decreased in invaded communities with increasing species richness. The complementarity or selection effects might dominate in native communities while competition effects might dominate in invaded communities. Accordingly, the negative relationship between diversity and productivity under plant invasion is highlighted in our experiments.
Cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein contributes to the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shi Min , Tang Lu , Toledo Jon B. , Ginghina Carmen , Wang Hua , Aro Patrick , Jensen Poul H. , Weintraub Daniel , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. , Irwin David J. , Grossman Murray , McCluskey Leo , Elman Lauren B. , Wolk David A. , Lee Edward B. , Shaw Leslie M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid β peptide 1–42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau) to discriminate AD from related disorders is limited. Biomarkers for other concomitant pathologies (e.g., CSF α‐synuclein [α‐syn] for Lewy body pathology) may be needed to further improve the differential diagnosis.MethodsCSF total α‐syn, phosphorylated α‐syn at Ser129, and AD CSF biomarkers were evaluated with Luminex immunoassays in 367 participants, followed by validation in 74 different neuropathologically confirmed cases.ResultsCSF total α‐syn, when combined with amyloid β peptide 1–42 and either total tau or phosphorylated tau, improved the differential diagnosis of AD versus frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body disorders, or other neurological disorders. The diagnostic accuracy of the combined models attained clinical relevance (area under curve ∼0.9) and was largely validated in neuropathologically confirmed cases.DiscussionCombining CSF biomarkers representing AD and Lewy body pathologies may have clinical value in the differential diagnosis of AD.
Equality of care between First Nations and non-First Nations patients in Saskatoon emergency departments
Authors: Batta Rachit , Carey Robert , Sasbrink-Harkema Martin Ashley , Oyedokun Taofiq Olusegun , Lim Hyun J. , Stempien James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveStudies show that First Nations patients have worse health outcomes than non-First Nations patients, raising concerns that treatment within the healthcare system, including emergency care, is inequitable.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of Status First Nations and non-First Nations patients presenting to two emergency departments in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan with abdominal pain and a Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale score of 3. From 190 charts (95 Status First Nations and 95 non-First Nations), data extracted included time to doctor, time to analgesia, length of stay, specialist consult, bloodwork, imaging, physical exam and history, and disposition. Univariate comparisons and multiple regression modelling were performed to compare care outcomes between patient groups. Equivalence testing comparing time intervals was also undertaken.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in presentation characteristics were observed, although Status First Nations subjects showed a greater tendency towards weekend presentation and younger age. Care parameters were similar, although a marginally significant difference was observed in Status First Nations versus non-First Nations subjects for imaging (46% versus 60%, p=0.06), which resolved on adjustment for age and weekend presentation. Time to physician was found to be similar among First Nations patients on equivalence testing within a 15-minute margin.ConclusionIn this study, First Nations patients presenting with abdominal pain did not receive delayed care. There were no detectable differences in the time-related care parameters/variables that were provided relative to non-First Nations patients. Meaningful and important qualitative factors need to be examined in the future.
Systematics and paleobiogeography of Sardolagus obscurus n. gen. n. sp. (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) from the early Pleistocene of Sardinia
Authors: Angelone Chiara , Čermák Stanislav , Moncunill-Solé Blanca , Quintana Josep , Tuveri Caterinella , Arca Marisa , Kotsakis Tassos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe extreme rareness of Sardinian fossil sites older than Middle and Late Pleistocene makes the Monte Tuttavista karst complex (E Sardinia, Italy) very important. Remarkable lagomorph material, recovered from several fissure infillings of Monte Tuttavista referable to the Capo Figari/Orosei 1 and Orosei 2 faunal sub-complexes (early Pleistocene, ~2.1/1.9–1.1 Ma), allowed us to describe a new endemic insular leporid, Sardolagus obscurus n. gen. n. sp. The new taxon is characterized by a peculiar combination of an advanced p3 (Lepus-type) and a primitive P2 lacking deep flexa. The origin of such discrepancy, unprecedented among continental and insular endemic European leporids, is unclear. It could be the result of: (1) an independent evolution of p3 from an ancestor bearing the primitive P2/p3 (e.g., Alilepus, Hypolagus), or (2) a selective reversal morphocline from an Oryctolagus/Lepus-like leporine. The lack of data about the phylogenetic origin of the new taxon makes any inference about its possible arrival to Sardinia problematic. Crossing the European leporid records and evidence of migrations to Sardinia, we hypothesize three possible ages in which the ancestor of Sardolagus obscurus could have arrived in Sardinia, restricted to the late Miocene–early/late Pliocene (~8–3.6 Ma). The phylogenetic relationship between Sardolagus obscurus n. gen. n. sp. and the oldest Sardinian leporid, recorded from Capo Mannu D1 and dated at the early/late Pliocene boundary (~3.6 Ma), is unclear at present, however it is quite likely that they pertain to the same lineage.UUID: http://zoobank.org/ca8e0023-7c9d-4b00-a294-d166c37c5c71
Structure-preserving equivalent martingale measures for ℋ-SII models
Authors: Criens David 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper we relate the set of structure-preserving equivalent martingale measures ℳsp for financial models driven by semimartingales with conditionally independent increments to a set of measurable and integrable functions 𝒴. More precisely, we prove that ℳsp ≠ ∅ if and only if 𝒴 ≠ ∅, and connect the sets ℳsp and 𝒴 to the semimartingale characteristics of the driving process. As examples we consider integrated Lévy models with independent stochastic factors and time-changed Lévy models and derive mild conditions for ℳsp ≠ ∅.
A large sample test for the length of memory of stationary symmetric stable random fields via nonsingular ℤd-actions
Authors: Bhattacharya Ayan , Roy Parthanil 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBased on the ratio of two block maxima, we propose a large sample test for the length of memory of a stationary symmetric α-stable discrete parameter random field. We show that the power function converges to 1 as the sample-size increases to ∞ under various classes of alternatives having longer memory in the sense of Samorodnitsky (2004). Ergodic theory of nonsingular ℤd-actions plays a very important role in the design and analysis of our large sample test.
Multiple drawing multi-colour urns by stochastic approximation
Authors: Lasmar Nabil , Mailler Cécile , Selmi Olfa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A classical Pólya urn scheme is a Markov process where the evolution is encoded by a replacement matrix (Ri, j)1 ≤ i, j ≤ d. At every discrete time-step, we draw a ball uniformly at random, denote its colour c, and replace it in the urn together with Rc, j balls of colour j (for all 1 ≤ j ≤ d). We study multiple drawing Pólya urns, where the replacement rule depends on the random drawing of a set of m balls from the urn (with or without replacement). Many particular examples of this situation have been studied in the literature, but the only general results are due to Kuba and Mahmoud (2017). These authors proved second-order asymptotic results in the two-colour case, under the so-called balance and affinity assumptions, the latter being somewhat artificial. The main idea of this work is to apply stochastic approximation methods to this problem, which enables us to prove analogous results to Kuba and Mahmoud, but without the artificial affinity hypothesis, and, for the first time in the literature, in the d-colour case (d ≥ 3). We also provide some partial results in the two-colour nonbalanced case, the novelty here being that the only results for this case currently in the literature are for particular examples.
Recursive formula for the double-barrier Parisian stopping time
Authors: Dassios Angelos , Lim Jia Wei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper we obtain a recursive formula for the density of the double-barrier Parisian stopping time. We present a probabilistic proof of the formula for the first few steps of the recursion, and then a formal proof using explicit Laplace inversions. These results provide an efficient computational method for pricing double-barrier Parisian options.
A temporal approach to the Parisian risk model
Authors: Li Bin , Willmot Gordon E. , Wong Jeff T. Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new approach to study the Parisian ruin problem for spectrally negative Lévy processes. Since our approach is based on a hybrid observation scheme switching between discrete and continuous observations, we call it a temporal approach as opposed to the spatial approximation approach in the literature. Our approach leads to a unified proof for the underlying processes with bounded or unbounded variation paths, and our result generalizes Loeffen et al. (2013).
On a jump-telegraph process driven by an alternating fractional Poisson process
Authors: Di Crescenzo Antonio , Meoli Alessandra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe basic jump-telegraph process with exponentially distributed interarrival times deserves interest in various applied fields such as financial modelling and queueing theory. Aiming to propose a more general setting, we analyse such a stochastic process when the interarrival times separating consecutive velocity changes (and jumps) have generalized Mittag-Leffler distributions, and constitute the random times of a fractional alternating Poisson process. By means of renewal theory-based issues we obtain the forward and backward transition densities of the motion in series form, and prove their uniform convergence. Specific attention is then given to the case of jumps with constant size, for which we also obtain the mean of the process. Finally, we investigate the first-passage time of the process through a constant positive boundary, providing its formal distribution and suitable lower bounds.
The Structure of Labor Markets in the US and China: Social Capital andGuanxi
Authors: DiTomaso Nancy , Bian Yanjie 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTDespite the major cultural and political differences between the United States and China, in both countries access to jobs is supposed to be guided by fair and equitable procedures. In the US, there is a presumption of an open labor market in which potential employees compete on the basis of their qualifications, where the fairness of decisions is guided by anti-discrimination laws and normative organizational policies. In China, although there is a history of close relationships that guide the exchange of favors, following the 1949 revolution, Communist Party leaders were given the authority to allocate positions in ways that were supposed to eliminate special privileges of class and background. Yet recent research has suggested that social connections are an important part of getting a job in both the US and China for two-thirds to three-quarters of job seekers. In the US context, such connections are described as social capital. In the Chinese context, connections are defined asguanxi. In this article, we review research on labor market processes in both the US and China to address three important questions: (a) How can we understand the similar functioning of labor markets in such distinct cultural and political systems as the US and China? (b) What are the mechanisms or processes by which people find jobs in the US and China, and how are people able to access these mechanisms or processes in the context of constraining social structures and legal environments? and (c) What are the theoretical implications of the ‘generalized particularism’ that seems to shape labor markets in both the US and China.
Excess free fructose, high-fructose corn syrup and adult asthma: the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Authors: DeChristopher Luanne R. , Tucker Katherine L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence that intakes of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), HFCS-sweetened soda, fruit drinks and apple juice – a high-fructose 100 % juice – are associated with asthma, possibly because of the high fructose:glucose ratios and underlying fructose malabsorption, which may contribute to enteral formation of pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end products, which bind receptors that are mediators of asthma. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations between intakes of these beverages and asthma risk, with data from the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Diet soda and orange juice – a 100 % juice with a 1:1 fructose:glucose ratio – were included for comparison. Increasing intake of any combination of HFCS-sweetened soda, fruit drinks and apple juice was significantly associated with progressively higher asthma risk, plateauing at 5–7 times/weekv. never/seldom, independent of potential confounders (hazard ratio 1·91,P<0·001). About once a day consumers of HFCS-sweetened soda had a 49 % higher risk (P<0·011), moderate apple juice consumers (2–4 times/week) had a 61 % higher risk (P<0·007) and moderate fruit drink consumers had a 58 % higher risk (P<0·009), as compared with never/seldom consumers. There were no associations with diet soda/orange juice. These associations are possibly because of the high fructose:glucose ratios, and fructose malabsorption. Recommendations to reduce consumption may be inadequate to address asthma risk, as associations are evident even with moderate intake of these beverages, including apple juice – a 100 % juice. The juice reductions in the US Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in 2009, and the plateauing/decreasing asthma prevalence (2010–2013), particularly among non-Hispanic black children, may be related. Further research regarding the consequences of fructose malabsorption is needed.