bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise tuning of gene expression levels in mammalian cells
Authors: Michaels Yale S. , Barnkob Mike B. , Barbosa Hector , Baeumler Toni A. , Thompson Mary K. , Andre Violaine , Colin-York Huw , Fritzsche Marco , Gileadi Uzi , Sheppard Hilary M. , Knapp David J. H. F. , Milne Thomas A. , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Fulga Tudor A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrecise, analogue regulation of gene expression is critical for cellular function in mammals. In contrast, widely employed experimental and therapeutic approaches such as knock-in/out strategies are more suitable for binary control of gene activity. Here we report on a method for precise control of gene expression levels in mammalian cells using engineered microRNA response elements (MREs). First, we measure the efficacy of thousands of synthetic MRE variants under the control of an endogenous microRNA by high-throughput sequencing. Guided by this data, we establish a library of microRNA silencing-mediated fine-tuners (miSFITs) of varying strength that can be employed to precisely control the expression of user-specified genes. We apply this technology to tune the T-cell co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 and to explore how antigen expression influences T-cell activation and tumour growth. Finally, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homology directed repair to introduce miSFITs into the BRCA1 3′UTR, demonstrating that this versatile tool can be used to tune endogenous genes.
Anterior cingulate GABA and glutamate concentrations are associated with resting-state network connectivity
Authors: Levar Nina , Van Doesum Tessa J. , Denys Damiaan , Van Wingen Guido A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, resting-state (RS) networks and RS function have received increased attention, highlighting their importance in both cognitive function and psychopathology. The neurochemical substrates underlying RS networks and their interactions, however, have not yet been well established. Even though prior research has provided first evidence for a negative association between brain GABA levels and RS connectivity, these findings have been limited to within network connectivity, and not network interactions. In this multi-modal imaging study, we investigated the role of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter У-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the main excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (Glx) on RS network function and network coupling of three core networks: the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Resting-state functional connectivity and GABA and Glx levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) were assessed in 64 healthy male participants using functional MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Analyses showed that dACC GABA levels were positively correlated with resting-state connectivity in the CEN, and negatively associated with functional coupling of the DMN and CEN. In contrast, GABA/Glx ratios were inversely correlated with the SN and DMN. These findings extend insights into the role of GABA and Glx in individual networks to interactions across networks, suggesting that GABA levels in the SN might play a role in RS functional connectivity within the central executive network, and network interactions with the default-mode network. Our results further suggest a potentially critical role of the relationship between GABA and Glx in RS network function.
Orthodontic Treatment Planning based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Li Peilin , Kong Deyu , Tang Tian , Su Di , Yang Pu , Wang Huixia , Zhao Zhihe , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks are used to predict orthodontic treatment plans, including the determination of extraction-nonextraction, extraction patterns, and anchorage patterns. The neural network can output the feasibilities of several applicable treatment plans, offering orthodontists flexibility in making decisions. The neural network models show an accuracy of 94.0% for extraction-nonextraction prediction, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.982, a sensitivity of 94.6%, and a specificity of 93.8%. The accuracies of the extraction patterns and anchorage patterns are 84.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The most important features for prediction of the neural networks are “crowding, upper arch” “ANB” and “curve of Spee”. For handling discrete input features with missing data, the average value method has a better complement performance than thek-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method; for handling continuous features with missing data,k-NN performs better than the other methods most of the time. These results indicate that the proposed method based on artificial neural networks can provide good guidance for orthodontic treatment planning for less-experienced orthodontists.
Characterization of Plasmodium ovale spp. imported from Africa to Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhou Ruimin , Li Suhua , Zhao Yuling , Yang Chengyun , Liu Ying , Qian Dan , Wang Hao , Lu Deling , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs indigenous malaria has decreased over recent decades, the increasing number of imported malaria cases has provided a new challenge for China. The proportion of imported cases due to Plasmodium ovale has increased during this time, and the difference between P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri is of importance. To better understand P. ovale epidemiology and the differences between the two subspecies, information on imported malaria in Henan Province was collected during 2010–2017. We carried out a descriptive study to analyze the prevalence, proportion, distribution, and origin of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri. It showed that imported P. ovale spp. accounts for a large proportion of total malaria cases in Henan Province, even more than that of P. vivax. This suggests that the proportion of P. ovale cases is underestimated in Africa. Among these cases, the latency period of P. o. curtisi was significantly longer than that of P. o. wallikeri. More attention should be paid to imported ovale malaria to avoid the reintroduction of these two subspecies into China.
Residual Monomer Content Affects the Interpretation of Plastic Degradation
Authors: Klaeger Franziska , Tagg Alexander S. , Otto Stefan , Bienmüller Matthias , Sartorius Ingo , Labrenz Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlastic degradation rates in the marine environment are essential to understand. This study demonstrates that in plastic-microbial interaction experiments, residual monomeric and oligomeric content of PA6 significantly influences the development of dissolved organic carbon. While it is well recognized that additives in plastics should be considered during the inception of plastic-exposure experiments, residual monomers have yet to be prominently considered in the same light. As such, in degradation studies where residual contents of monomers and/or oligomers are not considered, degradation of synthetic polymers could be significantly overestimated. The substantial conversion of these monomeric and oligomeric leachates also has implications for plastic-biofilm development studies and microplastic-biota-based ingestion experiments.
Noninvasive prediction of Blood Lactate through a machine learning-based approach
Authors: Huang Shu-Chun , Casaburi Richard , Liao Ming-Feng , Liu Kuo-Cheng , Chen Yu-Jen , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Su Hong-Ren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe hypothesized that blood lactate concentration([Lac]blood) is a function of cardiopulmonary variables, exercise intensity and some anthropometric elements during aerobic exercise. This investigation aimed to establish a mathematical model to estimate [Lac]blood noninvasively during constant work rate (CWR) exercise of various intensities. 31 healthy participants were recruited and each underwent 4 cardiopulmonary exercise tests: one incremental and three CWR tests (low: 35% of peak work rate for 15 min, moderate: 60% 10 min and high: 90% 4 min). At the end of each CWR test, venous blood was sampled to determine [Lac]blood. 31 trios of CWR tests were employed to construct the mathematical model, which utilized exponential regression combined with Taylor expansion. Good fitting was achieved when the conditions of low and moderate intensity were put in one model; high-intensity in another. Standard deviation of fitting error in the former condition is 0.52; in the latter is 1.82 mmol/liter. Weighting analysis demonstrated that, besides heart rate, respiratory variables are required in the estimation of [Lac]blood in the model of low/moderate intensity. In conclusion, by measuring noninvasive cardio-respiratory parameters, [Lac]blood during CWR exercise can be determined with good accuracy. This should have application in endurance training and future exercise industry.
Thermal transport of Josephson junction based on two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Luo Xiaoxuan , Peng Yufeng , Shen Hongzhi , Yi Xuexi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study the phase-dependent thermal transport of a short temperature-biased Josephson junction based on two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with both Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings. Except for thermal equilibrium temperature T, characters of thermal transport can also be manipulated by interaction parameter h0 and the parameter $$|\frac{{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}}{{{\boldsymbol{\beta }}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}}-\frac{{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}}{{\beta }_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}}|$$

|

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−

λ

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. A larger value and a sharper switching behavior of thermal conductance can be obtained if h0 takes suitable values and $$|\frac{{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}}{{{\boldsymbol{\beta }}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}}-\frac{{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}}{{{\boldsymbol{\beta }}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}}|$$

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λ

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−

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is larger. Finally, we propose a possible experimental setup based on the discussed Josephson junction and find that the temperature of the right superconducting electrode TR is influenced by the same three parameters in a similar way with thermal conductance. This setup may provide a valid method to select moderately-doped 2DEG materials and superconducting electrodes to control the change of temperature and obtain an efficient temperature regulator.
Assessing the Dynamics and Control of Droplet- and Aerosol-Transmitted Influenza Using an Indoor Positioning System
Authors: Smieszek Timo , Lazzari Gianrocco , Salathé Marcel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that aerosol transmission is a major contributor to the spread of influenza. Despite this, virtually all studies assessing the dynamics and control of influenza assume that it is transmitted solely through direct contact and large droplets, requiring close physical proximity. Here, we use wireless sensors to measure simultaneously both the location and close proximity contacts in the population of a US high school. This dataset, highly resolved in space and time, allows us to model both droplet and aerosol transmission either in isolation or in combination. In particular, it allows us to computationally quantify the potential effectiveness of overlooked mitigation strategies such as improved ventilation that are available in the case of aerosol transmission. Our model suggests that recommendation-abiding ventilation could be as effective in mitigating outbreaks as vaccinating approximately half of the population. In simulations using empirical transmission levels observed in households, we find that bringing ventilation to recommended levels had the same mitigating effect as a vaccination coverage of 50% to 60%. Ventilation is an easy-to-implement strategy that has the potential to support vaccination efforts for effective control of influenza spread.
Aerobic oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols catalyzed by atomic-scale cobalt-based heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Luo Huihui , Wang Lianyue , Shang Sensen , Niu Jingyang , Gao Shuang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe oxidative cleavage of the C–C bonds in 1,2-diols is an important transformation in synthetic organic chemistry. The challenge for this reaction is to develop a recyclable catalyst and an efficient catalytic system that operates under mild conditions. Here we report an atomically dispersed cobalt (3.8 wt% Co) on N-doped carbon catalyst, which exhibits improved catalytic activity toward the oxidative cleavage of a variety of 1,2-diols into esters, ketones or aldehydes using molecular oxygen under mild conditions. For example, the oxidative cleavage of internal diols is achieved at ambient temperature and air pressure. The robust catalyst can be reused at least seven times without regeneration treatment. The formation of highly dispersed active Co-Nx sites is demonstrated by catalyst characterization and potassium thiocyanate poisoning experiment. Mechanistic insights into monosubstituted diols indicate a sequence reaction including stepwise oxidation/nucleophilic addition/C–C bond cleavage, and reveal two reaction pathways.
OPN gene locus is associated with the risk of knee osteoarthritis: a case–control study
Authors: Shang Houlai , Hao Yuedong , Hu Wenhao , Hu Xiaohui , Jin Qing 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background/aims: Studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) was associated with the severity and development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The purpose of this case–control study was to investigate the association between OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism and knee OA risk in a Chinese population. Genotyping was analyzed using standard PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The present study found that C allele or CC genotype of OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism was related to decreased risk for knee OA. Furthermore, positive associations were obtained amongst the females, and body mass index (BMI) &lt; 25 kg/m2 groups. Conclusions: To sum up, the present study reveals that OPN gene rs11730582 polymorphism decreases the risk of knee OA in Chinese Han population.
MiR-33a is a therapeutic target in SPG4-related hereditary spastic paraplegia human neurons
Authors: Nakazeki Fumiko , Tsuge Itaru , Horie Takahiro , Imamura Keiko , Tsukita Kayoko , Hotta Akitsu , Baba Osamu , Kuwabara Yasuhide , Nishino Tomohiro , Nakao Tetsushi , Nishiga Masataka , Nishi Hitoo , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Ide Yuya , Koyama Satoshi , Kimura Masahiro , Tsuji Shuhei , Naitoh Motoko , Suzuki Shigehiko , Izumi Yuishin , Kawarai Toshitaka , Kaji Ryuji , Kimura Takeshi , Inoue Haruhisa , Ono Koh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Recent reports, including ours, have indicated that microRNA (miR)-33 located within the intron of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we show that SPAST, which encodes a microtubule-severing protein called SPASTIN, was a novel target gene of miR-33 in human. Actually, the miR-33 binding site in the SPAST 3′-UTR is conserved not in mice but in mid to large mammals, and it is impossible to clarify the role of miR-33 on SPAST in mice. We demonstrated that inhibition of miR-33a, a major form of miR-33 in human neurons, via locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR ameliorated the pathological phenotype in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP)-SPG4 patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Thus, miR-33a can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HSP-SPG4.
HD 219666 b: a hot-Neptune from TESS Sector 1
Authors: Esposito M. , Armstrong D. J. , Gandolfi D. , Adibekyan V. , Fridlund M. , Santos N. C. , Livingston J. H. , Delgado Mena E. , Fossati L. , Lillo-Box J. , Barragán O. , Barrado D. , Cubillos P. E. , Cooke B. , Justesen A. B. , Meru F. , Díaz R. F. , Dai F. , Nielsen L. D. , Persson C. M. , Wheatley P. J. , Hatzes A. P. , Van Eylen V. , Musso M. M. , Alonso R. , Beck P. G. , Barros S. C. C. , Bayliss D. , Bonomo A. S. , Bouchy F. , Brown D. J. A. , Bryant E. , Cabrera J. , Cochran W. D. , Csizmadia S. , Deeg H. , Demangeon O. , Deleuil M. , Dumusque X. , Eigmüller P. , Endl M. , Erikson A. , Faedi F. , Figueira P. , Fukui A. , Grziwa S. , Guenther E. W. , Hidalgo D. , Hjorth M. , Hirano T. , Hojjatpanah S. , Knudstrup E. , Korth J. , Lam K. W. F. , de Leon J. , Lund M. N. , Luque R. , Mathur S. , Montañés Rodríguez P. , Narita N. , Nespral D. , Niraula P. , Nowak G. , Osborn H. P. , Pallé E. , Pätzold M. , Pollacco D. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Rauer H. , Redfield S. , Ribas I. , Sousa S. G. , Smith A. M. S. , Tala-Pinto M. , Udry S. , Winn J. N. 
Published: February 2019

We report on the confirmation and mass determination of a transiting planet orbiting the old and inactive G7 dwarf star HD 219666 (M⋆ = 0.92 ± 0.03 M⊙, R⋆ = 1.03 ± 0.03 R⊙, τ⋆ = 10 ± 2 Gyr). With a mass of Mb = 16.6 ± 1.3 M⊕, a radius of Rb = 4.71 ± 0.17 R⊕, and an orbital period of Porb ≃ 6 days, HD 219666 b is a new member of a rare class of exoplanets: the hot-Neptunes. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observed HD 219666 (also known as TOI-118) in its Sector 1 and the light curve shows four transit-like events, equally spaced in time. We confirmed the planetary nature of the candidate by gathering precise radial-velocity measurements with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) at ESO 3.6 m. We used the co-added HARPS spectrum to derive the host star fundamental parameters (Teff = 5527 ± 65 K, log g⋆ = 4.40 ± 0.11 (cgs), [Fe/H]= 0.04 ± 0.04 dex, log R′HK = −5.07 ± 0.03), as well as the abundances of many volatile and refractory elements. The host star brightness (V = 9.9) makes it suitable for further characterisation by means of in-transit spectroscopy. The determination of the planet orbital obliquity, along with the atmosphericmetal-to-hydrogen content and thermal structure could provide us with important clues on the formation mechanisms of this class of objects.
Release of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes by cosmic rays from interstellar dust
Authors: Pino T. , Chabot M. , Béroff K. , Godard M. , Fernandez-Villoria F. , Le K. C. , Breuer L. , Herder M. , Wucher A. , Bender M. , Severin D. , Trautmann C. , Dartois E. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Top-down chemistry is believed to be responsible for the formation of the large molecular compounds such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-like molecules and the fullerenes observed in the interstellar medium. The release of these large molecules from the parent grains remains an important issue to be investigated.
Aims. Cosmic rays irradiate the dust grains during their journey in the interstellar medium. In this study we probe to what extent electronic sputtering and/or desorption processes induced by high-energy ion projectiles contribute to the creation of the large molecular component in space.
Methods. Carbonaceous dust analogues were produced in an ethylene flame. The resulting soot nanoparticles generated under well-defined conditions were irradiated by swift heavy ions, and mass spectra of the ionic and neutral molecular fragments emitted shortly after the impact were monitored.
Results. Large molecular fragments were detected, including neutral and ionic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing up to several tens of carbon atoms, as well as ionic fullerenes. Although the absolute efficiencies were not obtained, these experiments provide a proof of principle of a top-down scenario involving interaction processes of interstellar dust with high-energy projectiles yielding large molecular compounds observed in space.
ISPY – NaCo Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars
Authors: Cugno G. , Quanz S. P. , Launhardt R. , Musso Barcucci A. , Brems S. S. , Cheetham A. , Godoy N. , Kennedy G. M. , Henning T. , Müller A. , Olofsson J. , Pepe F. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Rickman E. L. , Ségransan D. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Within the NaCo-ISPY exoplanet imaging program, we aim at detecting and characterizing the population of low-mass companions at wide separations (≳10 AU), focusing in particular on young stars either hosting a known protoplanetary disk or a debris disk.
Aims. R CrA is one of the youngest (1–3 Myr) and most promising objects in our sample because of two previous studies that suggested the presence of a close companion. Our aim is to directly image and characterize the companion for the first time.
Methods. We observed R CrA twice with the NaCo instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the L′ filter with a one year time baseline in between. The high-contrast imaging data were reduced and analyzed and the companion candidate was detected in both datasets. We used artificial negative signals to determine the position and brightness of the companion and the related uncertainties.
Results. The companion is detected at a separation of 196.8 ± 4.5/196.6 ± 5.9 mas (18.7 ± 1.3/18.7 ± 1.4 AU) and position angle of 134.7 ± 0.5 ° /133.7 ± 0.7° in the first/second epoch observation. We measure a contrast of 7.29 ± 0.18/6.70 ± 0.15 mag with respect to the primary. A study of the stellar proper motion rejects the hypothesis that the signal is a background object. The companion candidate orbits in the clockwise direction and, if on a face-on circular orbit, its period is ∼43 − 47 yr. This value disagrees with the estimated orbital motion and therefore a face-on circular orbit may be excluded. Depending on the assumed age, extinction, and brightness of the primary, the stellar companion has a mass between 0.10 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 1.03−0.18+0.20 M⊙ range, if no contribution from circumsecondary material is taken into account.
Conclusions. As already hypothesized by previous studies, we directly detected a low-mass stellar companion orbiting the young Herbig Ae/Be star R CrA. Depending on the age assumptions, the companion is among the youngest forming companions imaged to date, and its presence needs to be taken into account when analyzing the complex circumstellar environment of R CrA.
Des lasers au service de l’ophtalmologie
Authors: Baudouin Christophe 
Published: February 2019

Le prix Nobel de Physique 2018 a été décerné conjointement à l’Américain Arthur Ashkin (Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies) pour ses travaux sur les pinces optiques, au Français Gérard Mourou (professeur émérite de l’École polytechnique) et à son élève, la Canadienne Donna Strickland (université de Waterloo, Ontario), pour leurs travaux sur les impulsions lasers ultracourtes. Cet article concerne l’application de la découverte des impulsions lasers ultracourtes par deux des trois lauréats, Gérard Mourou et Donna Strickland.
Ein Vergleich unterschiedlicher Videolaryngoskopsysteme in der präklinischen Notfallintubation: eine prospektive, randomisierte Multicenterstudie
Authors: Cavus Erol , Janssen Sebastian , Reifferscheid Florian , Caliebe Amke , Callies Andreas , von der Heyden Martin , Knacke Peer , Dörges Volker 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der präklinischen Notfallintubation ist die Erfolgsrate videolaryngoskopischer Systeme mit unterschiedlichen Spateltypen im Vergleich nicht hinreichend untersucht. In der vorliegenden prospektiven, randomisierten, multizentrischen Untersuchung wurden die 3 kommerziell erhältlichen Videolaryngoskope A. P. Advance, C-MAC PM und King Vision an 168 Patienten mit präklinischer Notfallintubation hinsichtlich Gesamt- und Ersterfolgsrate der Intubation sowie Parameter der Handhabung untersucht. Alle 3 Videolaryngoskope ermöglichten eine vergleichbar gute Sicht auf die Glottisstrukturen, dennoch unterschied sich der Intubationserfolg relevant. Die Intubation war mit dem King Vision mit Führungskanalspatel am schwierigsten (Gesamterfolgsrate bei A. P. Advance, C-MAC PM und King Vision: 96, 97 bzw. 61% (p < 0,001; Ersterfolgsrate: 86, 85 bzw. 48% (p < 0,001). In 5 Fällen beim A. P. Advance und in 4 Fällen beim C-MAC PM war eine Intubation unter direkt laryngoskopischer Sicht mit dem jeweiligen Gerät notwendig. Beim King Vision wurde in 21 Fällen auf ein alternatives Gerät gewechselt. Dementsprechend sollten gerätespezifische Besonderheiten und Limitationen einzelner Videolaryngoskope bei der Ausbildung berücksichtigt werden.