bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Cognitive Aid Booklet for Use in Rapid Response Scenarios
Authors: Mitchell Oscar J. L. , Lehr Andrew , Lo Michelle , Kam Lily M. , Andriotis Anthony , Felner Kevin , Kaufman Brian , Madeira Charles 
Published: May 2019

Introduction
Rapid response teams (RRTs) have become ubiquitous among hospitals in North America, despite lack of robust evidence supporting their effectiveness. Many RRTs do not yet use cognitive aids during these high-stakes, low-frequency scenarios, and there are no standardized cognitive aids that are widely available for RRTs on medicine patients. We sought to design an emergency manual to improve resident performance in common RRT calls.

Methods
Residents from the New York University School of Medicine Internal Medicine Residency Program were asked to volunteer for the study. The intervention group was provided with a 2-minute scripted informational session on cognitive aids as well as access to a cognitive aid booklet, which they were allowed to use during the simulation.

Results
Resident performance was recorded and scored by a physician who was blinded to the purpose of the study using a predefined scoring card. Residents in the intervention group performed significantly better in the simulated RRT, by overall score (mean score = 7.33/10 and 6.26/10, respectively, P = 0.02), and by performance on the two critical interventions, giving the correct dose of naloxone (89% and 39%, respectively, P < 0.001) and checking the patient's blood glucose level (93% and 52%, respectively, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
In a simulated scenario of opiate overdose, internal medicine residents who used a cognitive aid performed better on critical tasks than those residents who did not have a cognitive aid. The use of an appropriately designed cognitive aid with sufficient education could improve performance in critical scenarios.
Seeking diversity? Consider virtual internships
Authors: Kraft Carina , Jeske Debora , Bayerlein Leopold 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The present paper aims to outline the case for diversity gains for employers via virtual internships, while recognizing the role of government and educational support.

Design/methodology/approach
In the context of Australian employment statistics about people with disabilities, the actors, key issues and barriers to utilizing virtual internships are explored.

Findings
The results of an online survey with 24 career, access and inclusion service officers at Australian universities suggested that the large majority were unfamiliar with virtual internships, as many shared concerns about what kind of learning and mentoring opportunities such computer-mediated internships may provide to their students.

Practical implications
Employers embracing new e-HR developments may be particularly well situated to adopt virtual internships and combine these effectively with existing diversity initiatives, many of which already include mentoring and learning opportunities. A closer dialogue with career, access and inclusion services may further support a fruitful knowledge exchange and reduce the concerns of educational representatives about virtual internships and their usefulness to increase the employment prospects of people with disabilities.

Originality/value
At present, virtual internship programs remain the exception, and are often not connected with diversity initiatives, nor are virtual internships well known among student services. However, virtual internships represent a promising opportunity for employers who wish to access untapped national (or even international) talent pools and thus candidates that would benefit from and contribute to their diversity initiatives.
Cheaper, better, and more accountable? Twenty‐five years of prisons privatisation in Victoria
Authors: Sands Valarie , O'Neill Deirdre , Hodge Graeme 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwenty‐five years after the Kennett government began privatising prisons, Victoria has the world's highest proportion of prisoners in private prisons. When the privatisation project began, it was confidently expected that privately managed prisons would be cheaper, better, and more accountable than traditional public sector provision. This paper examines whether those anticipated benefits have been realised. In doing so, we assess system‐wide operating costs, specific measures of performance, and accountability of the prison system between 1992 and 2017. Using publicly available data, we conclude temporary lower costs occurred but have not been sustained. Similarly, performance improvements are mixed, and enhanced accountability is contested. Although the performance information now available on Victoria's prisons is superior to what was available in the pre‐privatisation era, successive Victorian governments have also overseen arrangements that severely curtail dissemination of such data. This has restricted the capacity of Parliament and the public not only to hold government to account for the operations of the prison system, but also to evaluate the efficacy and impact of the prisons privatisation project. We conclude a more definitive assessment will only be possible when current limitations on accessing performance and other data are lifted enabling greater public scrutiny of Victoria's prison system.
New public management, physicians and populism: Turkey's experience with health reforms
Authors: Agartan Tuba I. , Kuhlmann Ellen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent debates on the rise of right‐wing or neoliberal populism globally have prompted public health and health systems researchers to explore its implications in the healthcare systems. This case study of Turkey's recent health reform initiative, the Health Transformation Program, aims to contribute to this debate by examining the nexus among populism, professionalism and the contemporary market and managerial reforms, often described as New Public Management (NPM). Building on document analysis and secondary sources, this article introduces a framework to explore whether and how populist agendas grow up in the shadow of NPM policies. We aim to deepen our understanding of the governance settings that might be used in different ways by right‐wing populist leaders to advance their agendas. Our research reveals that the NPM reforms in Turkey have opened a ‘backdoor’ through which right‐wing populist agendas were supported and the position of the medical profession as an important stakeholder in the institutional settings was weakened. However, what mattered most in the reform process was not the policies themselves but the ways new managerialist policies were implemented. Our analysis makes blind spots of the NPM reforms and healthcare governance research visible and calls for greater attention to implementation processes.
A Rare Presentation of Sudden Death due to Pulmonary Thromboembolism Possibly as a Result of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Chan Shijia , Tan Huimin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHepatic hemangiomas are usually detected incidentally when investigating for other nonrelated pathologies. When symptomatic, they are usually large and cause symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or other digestive issues. Occasionally, uncommon presentations such as bleeding with coagulopathy (Kasabach–Merritt syndrome) or even fever of unknown origin may occur. As hepatic hemangiomas are benign, they do not result in tumor emboli and pulmonary thromboembolism due to hepatic hemangiomas is extremely rare. This is a case report of a rare case of a female with no known past medical history who presented with sudden death due to pulmonary thromboembolism, possibly as a result of an underlying giant hepatic hemangioma. Incidentally, she also had three other tumors—pancreatic cystic lymphangioma, cerebral capillary telangiectasia, and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and their potential contribution to the cause of death will be discussed.
The Influence of Evidence on Animal Cruelty Prosecution and Case Outcomes: Results of a Survey
Authors: Lockwood Randall , Touroo Rachel , Olin Jaime , Dolan Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo hundred prosecuting attorneys completed a survey concerning priorities in taking on animal cruelty cases and the factors that help or hinder prosecuting such cases. Respondents commented on the priority given such cases. Questions also addressed specific kinds of evidence that had been used to decide whether to take on a cruelty case and were used in court. Results showed that prosecutors most frequently relied upon “traditional” sources of evidence, including detailed medical and crime scene reports and good quality photographic evidence. Other sources of forensic evidence such as DNA, computer forensics, forensic accounting, blood, and trace evidence were rarely employed. Veterinary forensic evidence, including forensic necropsies and detailed medical reports, was viewed as an important factor by a majority of prosecutors in deciding whether to accept a case for prosecution and in achieving a successful outcome, but a need for additional training for investigators was indicated.
Mango Seed Kernel Fat as a Cocoa Butter Substitute Suitable for the Tropics
Authors: Naeem Adan , Shabbir Muhammad A. , Khan Moazzam R. , Ahmad Naveed , Roberts Thomas H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCocoa butter is a key ingredient in many chocolate products but its partial substitution with mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel fat (MSKF) has the potential to reduce chocolate production costs and improve shelf‐life. Here, MSKF was extracted from three cultivars of mango grown in Pakistan: Lal Badshah, Anwar Retual, and Chaunsa. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the MSKF samples were studied at 0, 30, and 60 days of storage at 30 °C, a temperature reflecting typical storage conditions in the tropics. Overall, the Lal Badshah MSKF had the most favorable physicochemical properties, including the highest DPPH antioxidant activity among the three cultivars. Thus, Lal Badshah MSKF was used to formulate cocoa butter substitute chocolate (CBSC), substituting the cocoa butter at 20 to 80 g/100 g. CBSC had a lower value for hardness (3.80 N) compared with the control chocolate (4.42 N). Color values L*, a*, and b* were not significantly affected by the different rates of substitution or by length of storage. Oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of CBSC increased with both higher substitution levels of MSKF and length of storage. The results suggest that MSKF can be utilized as a cocoa butter substitute at levels up to 60 g/100 g. This potential for substitution is particularly valuable for tropical regions where refrigerated storage may not be available or financially viable.Practical ApplicationMango seed kernel fat (MSKF) has potential to be used as a cocoa butter substitute in confectionery products, particularly chocolate. The mango industry could utilize fat extraction from mango seeds, which are normally a waste product, for value adding.
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection following rituximab treatment in HBsAg‐negative, HBcAb‐positive rheumatoid arthritis patients: A long‐term, real‐world observation
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ming , Chen Hsin‐Hua , Huang Wen‐Nan , Chen Yi‐Hsing , Hsieh Tsu‐Yi , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Lan Joung‐Liang , Chen Der‐Yuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimLongitudinal data of the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (rHBV) and serial serological markers or HBV‐DNA has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the temporal course of rHBV development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing long‐term rituximab therapy.MethodsThe occurrence of rHBV was examined in 157 RA patients during rituximab therapy. Serum levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV core antibody (HBcAb), and HBsAb were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and viral loads by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay.ResultsAmong 157 patients undergoing rituximab therapy, 103 (65.6%) were HBsAg‐negative and HBcAb‐positive. Before rituximab therapy, 20 (19.4%) of these 103 patients were HBsAb‐negative, while 83 (80.1%) were HBsAb‐positive. Five (20%) HBsAb‐negative patients developed rHBV after rituximab therapy. Among 83 HBsAb‐positive patients, 4 (4.8%) developed rHBV. Among 9 patients with rHBV, 7 (77.7%) exhibited HBsAg seroreversion. Significant decline of HBsAb titers (mean ± SD, 296.0 ± 417.3 mIU/mL at baseline vs 187.0 ± 332.5 mIU/mL after rituximab therapy, P < 0.001) was observed in HBsAg‐/HBsAb + patients. All HBsAg‐negative patients who developed rHBV during rituximab therapy were characterized by baseline HBsAb titers < 100 mIU/mL and negative HBsAb at the time of rHBV. HBsAb positivity was an independent protective factor for rHBV (hazards ratio: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.62, P = 0.009).ConclusionBaseline HBsAb positivity was a significant protective factor for rHBV in HBsAg‐negative, HBcAb‐positive RA patients receiving rituximab therapy.
Headache and vision changes in an elderly man with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kwok Timothy S.H. , Daneman Nick , Lake Shirley L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a case of an elderly, immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis who was not appropriately vaccinated, and subsequently developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus, which initially presented similar to giant cell arteritis. Evidence‐based vaccinations are integral in decreasing the incidence of preventable diseases and promoting optimal health at the individual and population level. Although the patient ultimately did not suffer any long‐term adverse sequelae, this case highlights the importance of vaccination in the rheumatology setting, and to consider both inflammatory and infectious causes of headache and vision changes in the elderly.
Multicenter Comparison of Nonsupine Versus Supine Positioning During Intubation in the Emergency Department: A National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) Study
Authors: Stoecklein H. Hill , Kelly Christopher , Kaji Amy H. , Fantegrossi Andrea , Carlson Margaret , Fix Megan L. , Madsen Troy , Walls Ron M. , Brown Calvin A. ,   on behalf of the NEAR Investigators
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveHead‐up positioning for preoxygenation and ramping for morbidly obese patients are well‐accepted techniques, but the effect of head‐up positioning with full torso elevation for all intubations is controversial. We compared first‐pass success, adverse events, and glottic view between supine (SP) and nonsupine (NSP) positioning for emergency department (ED) patients undergoing orotracheal intubation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for ED intubations over a 2‐year period from 25 participating centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR). We compared characteristics and outcomes for adult patients intubated orotracheally in SP and NSP positions with either a direct or video laryngoscope. We report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for categorical variables and interquartile ranges with 95% CI for continuous variables. Our primary outcome was first‐attempt intubation success and secondary outcomes were glottic views and peri‐intubation adverse events.ResultsOf 11,480 total intubations, 5.8% were performed in NSP. The NSP group included significantly more obese patients (OR = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.9–2.6]) and patients with a suspected difficult airway (OR = 1.8 [95% CI = 1.6–2.2]). First‐pass success (adjusted OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9–1.4]) and overall rate of grade I glottic views (OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9–1.2]) were similar between groups while NSP had a significantly higher rate of grade I views when direct laryngoscopy was employed (OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.04–1.54]). NSP was associated with higher odds of any adverse event (OR = 1.4 [95% CI = 1.1–1.7]).ConclusionsED providers utilized SP in most ED intubations but were more likely to use NSP for patients who were obese or in whom they predicted a difficult airway. We found no differences in first‐pass success between groups but total adverse events were more likely in NSP. A randomized trial comparing patient positioning during intubation in the ED is warranted.
Pulp sensibility to electric stimuli in the Caucasian population
Authors: Barczak Katarzyna , Palczewska‐Komsa Mirona , Wilk Aleksandra , Nowicka Alicja , Buczkowska‐Radlińska Jadwiga , Wiszniewska Barbara , Kotwas Artur 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine electric sensibility of the pulp in the Caucasian population depending on tooth morphotype, age and sex. Dental pulp sensibility was determined in 279 patients (2640 teeth). The study group consisted of 226 patients (1296 teeth), 110 men and 116 women aged 55–101. The control group consisted of 53 patients (1344 teeth), 23 men and 30 women aged 20–30. A statistically significant lower sensory threshold and increased pulp sensibility in the study group were noted. These affected the lower incisors, the second upper premolars and the first and second upper molar. The differences in the pulp sensibility were found in the region of maxillary central incisors, maxillary premolars, mandibular lateral incisors and mandibular premolars. The pulp sensibility threshold was lower for the aforementioned groups of teeth in the study group. The correlation between sensibility of the pulp and sex was not confirmed.
Decrease of spermatozoa with an unbalanced chromosome content after cell sorting in men carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality
Authors: El Fekih S. , Tous C. , Gueganic N. , Brugnon F. , Ali H. Ben , Bujan L. , Moinard N. , Caire‐Tetauru E. , Ajina M. , Douet‐Guilbert N. , Morel F. , Perrin A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe showed that in men with a constitutional chromosomal abnormality, DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in chromosomally unbalanced spermatozoa than in spermatozoa with a normal or balanced chromosomal content. These results could be explained by a phenomenon already described in infertile men: abortive apoptosis.ObjectivesTo determine whether magnetic‐activated cell separation could select spermatozoa with lower levels of DNA fragmentation and unbalanced chromosome content in men carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality.Materials and methodsThe spermatozoa of ten males with a chromosomal rearrangement were separated into two populations using magnetic‐activated cell separation (annexin V (−) and annexin V (+) fractions), in order to study meiotic segregation by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the percentage of spermatozoa with an externalization of phosphatidylserine by annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling on the whole ejaculate and on selected spermatozoa in the same patient.ResultsFor all patients, the percentage of spermatozoa with externalization of phosphatidylserine decreased in the annexin V (−) fraction and increased in the annexin V (+) fraction as compared to the frozen‐thawed semen sample.The rates of DNA fragmentation were statistically much lower in the annexin V (−) fraction when compared to the rate before magnetic‐activated cell separation for all but one patient. Conversely, we observed a statistically significantly higher rate of DNA fragmentation in the annexin V (+) fraction for six patients.After magnetic‐activated cell separation, there was a significant increase of normal/balanced spermatozoa in the fraction of annexin V (−) for all patients. Conversely, we observed a significant decrease in the fraction of annexin V (+) for seven patients.Discussion and ConclusionsMagnetic‐activated cell separation is a promising tool for increasing the selection of healthy spermatozoa, with a decrease in the number of spermatozoa with externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, and chromosome unbalance, for use in assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection for males with a chromosomal structural abnormality.
Semen quality of young men in Switzerland: a nationwide cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Rahban R. , Priskorn L. , Senn A. , Stettler E. , Galli F. , Vargas J. , Van den Bergh M. , Fusconi A. , Garlantezec R. , Jensen T. K. , Multigner L. , Skakkebæk N. E. , Germond M. , Jørgensen N. , Nef S. ,   the NICER Working Group
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSperm counts have been steadily decreasing over the past five decades with regional differences in the Western world. The reasons behind these trends are complex, but numerous insights indicate that environmental and lifestyle factors are important players.ObjectiveTo evaluate semen quality and male reproductive health in Switzerland.Materials and methodsA nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2523 young men coming from all regions of Switzerland, recruited during military conscription. Semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were analyzed. Anatomy of the genital area and testicular volume was recorded. Testicular cancer incidence rates in the general population were retrieved from Swiss regional registries.ResultsMedian sperm concentration adjusted for period of sexual abstinence was 48 million/mL. Comparing with the 5th percentile of theWHOreference values for fertile men, 17% of men had sperm concentration below 15 million/mL, 25% had less than 40% motile spermatozoa, and 43% had less than 4% normal forms. Disparities in semen quality among geographic regions, urbanization rates, and linguistic areas were limited. A larger proportion of men with poor semen quality had been exposedin uteroto maternal smoking. Furthermore, testicular cancer incidence rates in the Swiss general population increased significantly between 1980 and 2014.DiscussionFor the first time, a systematic sampling among young men has confirmed that semen quality is affected on a national level. The median sperm concentration measured is among the lowest observed in Europe. No specific geographical differences could be identified. Further studies are needed to determine to what extent the fertility of Swiss men is compromised and to evaluate the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors.ConclusionA significant proportion of Swiss young men display suboptimal semen quality with only 38% having sperm concentration, motility, and morphology values that metWHOsemen reference criteria.