bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic and deterministic kinetic energy backscatter parameterizations for simulation of the two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Perezhogin Pavel A. , Glazunov Andrey V. , Gritsun Andrey S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe problem of modelling 2D isotropic turbulence in a periodic rectangular domain excited by the forcing pattern of prescribed spatial scale is considered. This setting could be viewed as the simplest analogue of the large scale quasi-2D circulation of the ocean and the atmosphere. Since the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of this problem is usually not possible due to the high computational costs we explore several possibilities to construct coarse approximation models and corresponding subgrid closures (deterministic or stochastic). The necessity of subgrid closures is especially important when the forcing scale is close to the cutoff scale of the coarse model that leads to the significant weakening of the inverse energy cascade and large scale component of the system dynamics.The construction of closures is based on thea priorianalysis of the DNS solution and takes into account the form of a spatial approximation scheme used in a particular coarse model. We show that the statistics of a coarse model could be significantly improved provided a proper combination of deterministic and stochastic closures is used. As a result we are able to restore the shape of the energy spectra of the model. In addition the lagged auto correlations of the model solution as well as its sensitivity to external perturbations fit the characteristics of the DNS model much better.
A research on the preparation of oil-adsorbing hydrophobic porous resins by high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) template
Authors: Zhou Xiazhi , Zhou Wei , Ju Dianchun , Peng Yinxian , Zhou Lei , Tang Sheng , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, hierarchical porous resins (PRs) are fabricated and applied as novel adsorbent for removal of oily substance. The oil/water (o/w) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), stabilized by phenolic resin precursor and tween 80, were used as the template for simultaneous polymerization of aqueous phase, methenamine, sodium persulfate and liquid paraffin. Subsequently, dopamine hydrochloride, 1-dodecanethiol and Fe3O4 particles are grafted onto the interface of PRs via adhesion of dopamine and Markel addition reaction between quinone groups on dopamine and sulfhydryl groups on 1-dodecanethiol. The as-prepared composites possessed hydrophobicity and magnetic property (HPRs). The physical and chemical properties, morphology and adsorption properties of HPRs are characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The as-synthesized HPRs composites had a typical hierarchical porous structure, and the resulted macropores with a well-defined open-cell and interconnecting pore throat structure could be controlled via the composition of the aqueous phase of emulsion. The hierarchical porous structure of HPRs contained macropores ranging from 0.3 μm to 4 μm and mesopores of 11.26 nm. HPRs have rough and hydrophobic surface (water contact angle of 130∘) with specific surface area of 15.06 m2/g and pore volume of 0.0349 cm3/g. The oil adsorption rate and the oil retention rate for toluene are 11.765 g/g and 86.43%, respectively. The oil adsorption rate in the first minute can reach more than 80% of the highest oil adsorption rate. The oil adsorption rate of HPRs after three recycling experiments can still reach 87.32%of the first-time oil adsorption rate.
Semiotic alignment: Towards a dialogical model of interspecific communication
Authors: Ribó Ignasi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommunicative interactions across different species have so far received relatively little attention from cognitive or behavioral scientists. Most research in this area views the process of communication as the adaptive interaction of manipulative signalers and information-assessing receivers. This paper discusses some shortcomings of the information/influence model of communication, particularly in the empirical study of interspecific communicative interactions. It then presents an alternative theoretical model, based on recent contributions in psycholinguistics and semiotics. The semiotic alignment model views communication as a dynamic process of joint semiosis resulting in the alignment of the interactants’ own-worlds (Umwelten). It is argued that this model can improve our understanding of communicative interactions between heterospecifics and provide the basis for future work in the empirical study of interspecific communication.
The mission of the Chinese puzzle: From a quest for order to seeking entertainment
Authors: Shu-Ping Zhang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The puzzle has played a significant role in Chinese culture since its formation. The Lo-shu and the Ba-gua, the most prominent number puzzle in ancient China, with its instinctual quest for universal order, has constructed a philosophical system that has incorporated human being as an integral part of nature. The system has exerted great influence on Chinese culture to this day. Because of its mysterious origin and magical evolution, the Ba-gua has been used to predict the fortune of both the nation and the individual. The Chinese character-deconstructing puzzle has also functioned as a foreshadow of one’s fate. By analyzing the components of a character, written by the subject in a specific context, divination was made. In contrast to the solemn mission of the number puzzle, and the character-deconstructing puzzle, the wedding puzzle and the riddle are lighthearted, and intended to provoke humor, and to function pedagogically. A latecomer, once the mysteriousness of number and character has faded, the riddle is used to promote the intellectual development of children. The wedding puzzle has been popular among those who are illiterate and make analogy by using common occurrence to allude to taboo in the oral dialect. Since their illiteracy has excluded them from reading and writing, they are free to make puzzles in their own dialect without being limited by a reverence for the written character.
Mechanical Characterization of Fine-Grained Lateritic Soils for Mechanistic-Empirical Flexible Pavement Design
Authors: de Lima Caroline Dias Amancio , da Motta Laura Maria Goretti , Aragão Francisco Thiago Sacramento , Guimarães Antonio Carlos Rodrigues 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fine-grained lateritic soils, which are typically found in tropical regions and have been used successfully in low-cost pavements, are often considered inadequate for the base and subbase pavement layers when the material selection is based on the California bearing ratio (CBR). When analyzed in repeated load triaxial (RLT) test equipment, which is the most frequently used device to analyze the mechanical behavior of unbound pavement materials, fine-grained lateritic soils exhibit low levels of plastic deformation. Thus, to allow more appropriate analyses of the mechanical behavior of such soils compared to traditional CBR-based analyses, resilient modulus and permanent deformation tests using RLT test equipment were performed. Then, multifactorial regression analysis of the experimental results was performed to identify the parameters of the material models that are implemented in the Brazilian mechanistic-empirical pavement design software program, MEDINA. The experimental program included material characterization in accordance with the so-called miniature, compacted, tropical (MCT) methodology that is tailored specifically to classify tropical soils. For one of the lateritic soils, two key parameters, i.e., the stress level and compaction moisture content, were varied in the RLT permanent deformation tests. An additional numerical analysis using MEDINA was conducted to evaluate the structural characteristics of flexible pavements composed of the four lateritic soils analyzed in this study. In general, the results obtained from this study indicate that lateritic soils can potentially be used as base and subbase layers in flexible pavement structures.
Physio-Mechanical Characterization of Rocks
Authors: Mishra Sunita , Khetwal Anuradha , Chakraborty Tanusree 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the physical, petrological, and mechanical properties of ten different types of rocks in the Indian subcontinent, required for the design of structures built in rocks. A comparative assessment is done for the stress-strain response of all the rocks collected under three main categories, e.g., igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The physical properties, e.g., densities and slake durability indices, are determined. The peterological tests are carried out by scanning electron microscope and the X-ray diffraction technique. Mechanical properties, e.g., hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, of the 10 different types of rocks are obtained through static loading at a strain rate of 0.001/s. Lastly, various correlation equations are proposed relating the uniaxial compressive strength, density, elastic modulus, and hardness of the 10 rocks. And the rocks are classified based on the Deere-Miller rock mass classification system.
Synthesis and Utilization of Mesoporous Hollow Silica Particles for Bitumen
Authors: Wu Shaopeng , Ye Yong , Shu Benan , Li Yuanyuan , Li Chao , Kong Dezhi , Liu Quantao , Xie Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles with special structures have been widely used in the traditional building material bitumen. For that, mesoporous hollow silica (MHS) particles were synthesized in this work. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller tests were conducted to characterize the specific structure. Then, MHS was used to improve the properties of the traditional construction binder material bitumen. Penetration, softening point, and dynamic shear rheometer tests were performed to study the physical and rheological properties of MHS-modified bitumen. A pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry test was used to evaluate the inhibition effect of MHS on the emission of the bitumen volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results showed that MHS with continuous distributed pore diameters were simply synthesized in one step by hydrothermal method. MHS as a kind of additive could improve the high temperature rutting resistance of bitumen. In addition, because of the higher specific surface area and massive micropores, MHS had a significant inhibition effect on the emission of bitumen VOCs.
A study of thyroid functions in patients with Cushing’s syndrome: a single-center experience
Authors: Xiang Boni , Tao Ran , Liu Xinhua , Zhu Xiaoming , He Min , Ma Zengyi , Yang Yehong , Zhang Zhaoyun , Li Yiming , Yao Zhenwei , Wang Yongfei , Ye Hongying 
Published: July 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid functions in Cushing’s syndrome (CS), the dynamic changes of thyroid hormones and antithyroid antibodies in Cushing’s disease (CD) pre- and postoperatively.

Design and methods
This is a retrospective study enrolling 118 patients with CS (102 CD, 10 adrenal CS and 6 ectopic adrenocorticotropic syndrome (EAS)). Thyroid functions (thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH), T3, free T3 (FT3), T4 and free T4 (FT4)) were measured in all CS at the time of diagnosis and in all CD 3 months after transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection. Postoperative hormone monitoring within 3 months was conducted in 9 CD patients completing remission. Twenty-eight remitted CD patients experienced hormone and antithyroid antibody evaluation preoperatively and on the 3rd, 6th and 12th month after surgery.

Results
TSH, T3 and FT3 were below the reference range in 31%, 69% and 44% of the 118 CS patients. Remitted CD patients (81/102) had significantly higher TSH (P = 0.000), T3 (P = 0.000) and FT3 (P = 0.000) than those in the non-remission group (21/102). After remission of CD, TSH, T3 and FT3 showed a significant increase, with a few cases above the reference range. By 12 months, most CD patients’ thyroid functions returned to normal. Thyroid hormones (including TSH, T3 and FT3) were negatively associated with serum cortisol levels both before and after surgery. No significant changes of antithyroid autoantibodies were observed.

Conclusions
TSH, T3 and FT3 are suppressed in endogenous hypercortisolemia. After remission of CD, TSH, T3 and FT3 increased significantly, even above the reference range, but returned to normal 1 year after surgery in most cases. Antithyroid antibodies did not change significantly after remission of CD.
Registro de condrictios del cretácico superior de la formación loma gorda
Authors: Niño Garcia Alejandro , Parra Mosqura Juan Diego , Macias Villarraga Peter Anthony 
Published: July 2019

En capas de fosforitas y lodolitas calcáreas grises de la Formación Loma Gorda, en cercanías de la cabecera municipal de Yaguará en el departamento del Huila, Colombia, se encontraron dientes fósiles de condrictios; estos fueron extraídos de la roca por medios mecánicos, para ser comparados con las especies encontradas en la bibliografía e identificarlos. Las especies halladas fueron: Ptychodus mortoni (órden Hybodontiformes), Squalicorax falcatus y Cretodus crassidens (orden Lamniformes). Este hallazgo constituye el primer registro de estas especies en el territorio colombiano; lo que permite extender su distribución paleogeográfica en la región norte de Suramérica, que hasta ahora estaba limitada a África, Europa, Asia y Norteamérica, a excepción del Ptychodus mortoni que ha sido descrito antes en Venezuela.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Denture Base Material Against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli
Authors: Omer Ranj , Ikram Fahd 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Heat cure acrylic is the most common used material for fabrication of dental prosthesis. This in vitro study was undertaken to discover the effect of nanoparticles on antibacterial properties of the dental base.
Methods: Nanosized Silver and Copper oxide were impregnated at 1%, 3% and 5% by weight to the monomer of methyl methacrylate with the aid of probe sonicator before mixing it with acrylic powder. Seventy samples were prepared to determine the effect of the nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli.
Results: The results for Streptococcus mutans revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) for both nanoparticles at the three concentrations except for 1% silver. The most influential concentration on the tested material was 3% copper oxide which caused a 49% decline. Regarding Escherichia coli, only 3% and 5% of silver showed a statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the addition of Silver nanoparticles into heat-cure acrylic was more effective against Streptococcus mutans than Escherichia coli. Regarding Copper oxide nanoparticles, it caused a drastic reduction in Streptococcus mutans activity but with no significant effect on Escherichia coli for all of its concentrations. Since denture stomatitis is caused by both bacterial species, Silver nanoparticles might be considered as a suitable additive for reducing denture induced infections.
Comparative Study of Marginal Gap Among Zirconium Dioxide, Poly Ethyl Ethyl Ketone and Porcelain Fused to Metal Implant Supported Crowns
Authors: Amin Bassam 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Lifetime and clinical success of implant-supported crown are critically affected by the marginal gap. Marginal misfit may lead to microleakage, cement dissolution accumulation of bacteria, food, and oral debris, potentially causing gingival inflammation and peri-implantitis. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal gap of crowns made from three different materials.
Methods: A shouldered implant abutment was screwed to implant analog and scanned. Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing ( CAD/CAM ) was used to design crown. Zirconium dioxide, Poly ethyl ethyl ketone and porcelain fused to metal were used as materials to fabricate six crowns from each one respectively. Marginal gaps were measured by stereomicroscope at five points for all samples, measurements were recorded using Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 software, and the data were statistically analyzed and subjected to one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc tests (p = 0.05).
Results: Mean marginal gaps of Zirconia crown were (786 +/- 794 μm) and for porcelain fused to metal were (883+/- 371μm), both groups were significantly different from Poly Ethyl ethyl ketone (2000 +/-1026 μm) group, but there was no significant difference between Zirconium dioxide and porcelain fused to metal.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that although the marginal gaps of the studied implant-supported restorations were in the clinically acceptable range, crowns made from Zirconia provide less marginal gap followed by porcelain fused to the metal crown while PEEK material had the largest gap.
The Influence of Repeated Cementation of an Old and New Glass Ceramic Lithium Disilicate Veneers on Shear Bond Strength to the Tooth Structure (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Kazzaz Sara , Zahawi Abdul 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Debonding of dental veneers represents the most common problems faced the patient and the dentist. The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of repeated bonding Glass ceramic Lithium Disilicate (LD) veneers and new veneers to the tooth structure.
Methods: Twenty veneers from (IPS e.max CAD (LD), Ivoclar Vivadent) block (5mm length, 3mm width and 2mm thickness) were prepared. They bonded to twenty of prepared labial surfaces of bovine teeth by using Variolink resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent) as a sample group of twenty samples. They randomly divided into two subgroups of 10 samples named as A1 and B1 and tested under the universal testing machine to measure shear bond strength (SBS). The 10 deboned veneers of A1 rebonded on the related tooth structure after conservative cleaning of both veneers and teeth structure and assigned as group A2. While for the subgroup B1, new 10 veneers bonded on the same teeth structure and assigned as group B2. The (SBS) tested for groups A2 and B2 and compared with each other and with the previous sample groups. All debonded samples evaluated under a stereomicroscope to assess the mode of failure.
Results: There is no statistical difference between all groups and the mode of failure was mostly adhesive failure between the resin and tooth structure.
Conclusions: There are no statistical differences in bond strength between re-bonding of debonded veneer compared with of bonding of the new veneer.
Kinematic Source Modeling for the Synthesis of Broadband Ground Motion Using the f‐k Approach
Authors: Cao Zelin , Tao Xiaxin , Tao Zhengru , Tang Aiping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA procedure for building a kinematic source model is proposed in this article for the synthesis of broadband ground motion based on the frequency–wavenumber Green’s function. The spatial distribution of slip on the rupture plane is generated by combining asperity slip with random slip. A set of scaling laws recently updated for the global and local parameters of seismic sources is adopted. To characterize the temporal evolution of slip on the rupture plane, different rupture velocities, and rise times are first generated by considering the correlation with slip, and a source time function obtained by rupture dynamics is selected for each subsource. Then, the entire rupture process is set as the object to jointly determine the rise time and rupture velocity for a given slip distribution under the selection criterion that the entire rupture process should radiate the closest seismic energy to the expected energy. To reduce uncertainty, 30 spatiotemporal rupture processes for an earthquake scenario are realized to select a mean source model. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed source modeling approach, two California earthquakes, the Whittier Narrows earthquake and the Loma Prieta earthquake, are chosen as case studies. The performance of the obtained source models shows that our modeling approach is advantageous for estimating the size of the rupture plane, emphasizing the effect of asperity, and considering the correlation between temporal rupture parameters and slip. The bias values between the observed and synthetic pseudospectral accelerations are relatively small compared to those for the methods on the Southern California Earthquake Center broadband platform. The synthetics are further compared with the estimates from regional ground‐motion prediction equations for four scenario earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5. Finally, the sensitivity of the synthetic motion to various rupture parameters is analyzed.
Earthquake‐Scaling Relationships from Geodetically Derived Slip Distributions
Authors: Brengman Clayton M. J. , Barnhart William D. , Mankin Emma H. , Miller Cody N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmpirical earthquake scaling relationships describe expected relationships between moment magnitude and various spatial descriptors of the earthquake rupture (along‐strike length, down‐dip width, rupture area, and peak and mean slip). These scaling relationships play important roles in many seismological, geological, and hazards‐assessment applications. Historically, scaling relationships were defined from various seismological criteria, such as teleseismic finite‐fault models or aftershock distributions. The proliferation of earthquake slip distributions from geodetic observations presents an opportunity to reassess earthquake scaling relationships using observations that more directly sample the spatial characteristics of an earthquake than seismological observations. Here, we present a database of 111 earthquake slip distributions from 73 different earthquakes that were derived from geodetic observations. The earthquakes range in magnitude from Mw 5.3 to 9.1. We extract common spatial descriptors from these slip distributions in four different ways to account for biases introduced by inversion regularization, and we regress these spatial descriptors with moment magnitude to derive new empirical scaling relationships. We additionally assess the shape characteristics of the slip distributions and report the average earthquake shape. We find that our scaling relationships differ in important ways from previous studies, and we show that these differences originate from our use of a geodetic slip‐distribution database rather than from methods for extracting spatial descriptors. Notably, we find that geodetic slip distributions systematically predict smaller fault areas than seismically derived scaling relationships. Because geodetic source inversions are likely contaminated to some degree by aseismic afterslip, this relationship suggests that seismologically determined scaling relationships systematically overpredict earthquake dimensions. We find that fault length, fault width, peak slip, and mean slip differ from previous studies in ways that are more complex and magnitude dependent. Given the high‐model resolution afforded by geodetic observations, our earthquake scaling relationships derived from geodetic slip distributions provide improved constraints on empirical scaling relationships.