bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pivotal roles of environmental sensing and signaling mechanisms in plant responses to climate change
Authors: Bigot Servane , Buges Julie , Gilly Lauriane , Jacques Cécile , Le Boulch Pauline , Berger Marie , Delcros Pauline , Domergue Jean‐Baptiste , Koehl Astrid , Ley‐Ngardigal Béra , Tran Van Canh Loup , Couée Ivan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClimate change reshapes the physiology and development of organisms through phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic modifications, and genetic adaptation. Under evolutionary pressures of the sessile lifestyle, plants possess efficient systems of phenotypic plasticity and acclimation to environmental conditions. Molecular analysis, especially through omics approaches, of these primary lines of environmental adjustment in the context of climate change has revealed the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms, thus characterizing the links between phenotypic plasticity and climate change responses. The efficiency of adaptive plasticity under climate change indeed depends on the realization of such biochemical and physiological mechanisms, but the importance of sensing and signaling mechanisms that can integrate perception of environmental cues and transduction into physiological responses is often overlooked. Recent progress opens the possibility of considering plant phenotypic plasticity and responses to climate change through the perspective of environmental sensing and signaling. This review aims to analyze present knowledge on plant sensing and signaling mechanisms and discuss how their structural and functional characteristics lead to resilience or hypersensitivity under conditions of climate change. Plant cells are endowed with arrays of environmental and stress sensors and with internal signals that act as molecular integrators of the multiple constraints of climate change, thus giving rise to potential mechanisms of climate change sensing. Moreover, mechanisms of stress‐related information propagation lead to stress memory and acquired stress tolerance that could withstand different scenarios of modifications of stress frequency and intensity. However, optimal functioning of existing sensors, optimal integration of additive constraints and signals, or memory processes can be hampered by conflicting interferences between novel combinations and novel changes in intensity and duration of climate change‐related factors. Analysis of these contrasted situations emphasizes the need for future research on the diversity and robustness of plant signaling mechanisms under climate change conditions.
GZ7 and GZ8 – Two Zircon Reference Materials for SIMS U‐Pb Geochronology
Authors: Nasdala Lutz , Corfu Fernando , Schoene Blair , Tapster Simon R. , Wall Corey J. , Schmitz Mark D. , Ovtcharova Maria , Schaltegger Urs , Kennedy Allen K. , Kronz Andreas , Reiners Peter W. , Yang Yue‐Heng , Wu Fu‐Yuan , Gain Sarah E. M. , Griffin William L. , Szymanowski Dawid , Chanmuang N. Chutimun , Ende Martin , Valley John W. , Spicuzza Michael J. , Wanthanachaisaeng Bhuwadol , Giester Gerald 
Published: August 2018

Here, we document a detailed characterisation of two zircon gemstones, GZ7 and GZ8. Both stones had the same mass at 19.2 carats (3.84 g) each; both came from placer deposits in the Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. The U‐Pb data are in both cases concordant within the uncertainties of decay constants and yield weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages (95% confidence uncertainty) of 530.26 Ma ± 0.05 Ma (GZ7) and 543.92 Ma ± 0.06 Ma (GZ8). Neither GZ7 nor GZ8 have been subjected to any gem enhancement by heating. Structure‐related parameters correspond well with the calculated alpha doses of 1.48 × 1018 g−1 (GZ7) and 2.53 × 1018 g−1 (GZ8), respectively, and the (U‐Th)/He ages of 438 Ma ± 3 Ma (2s) for GZ7 and 426 Ma ± 9 Ma (2s) for GZ8 are typical of unheated zircon from Sri Lanka. The mean U mass fractions are 680 μg g−1 (GZ7) and 1305 μg g−1 (GZ8). The two zircon samples are proposed as reference materials for SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) U‐Pb geochronology. In addition, GZ7 (Ti mass fractions 25.08 μg g−1 ± 0.18 μg g−1; 95% confidence uncertainty) may prove useful as reference material for Ti‐in‐zircon temperature estimates.
Bayesian Monitoring Design for Streambed Heat Tracing: Numerical Simulation and Sandbox Experiments
Authors: Ju Lei , Zhang Jiangjiang , Wu Laosheng , Zeng Lingzao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeat tracing methods have been widely employed for subsurface characterization. Nevertheless, there were very few studies regarding the optimal monitoring design for heat tracing in heterogeneous streambeds. In this study, we addressed this issue by proposing an efficient optimal design framework to collect the most informative diurnal temperature signal for Bayesian estimation of streambed hydraulic conductivities. The data worth (DW) was measured by the expected relative entropy between the prior and posterior distributions of the conductivity field. An adaptively refined Gaussian process surrogate was employed to alleviate the computational burden, resulting in at least three orders of magnitude of speed‐up. The applicability of the optimal experimental design framework was evaluated by both numerical and sandbox experimental cases. Results showed that the most informative locations centered in the transition zones among the main patterns of the hydraulic conductivity field, while the most informative times centered in a short period after the minimum/maximum temperature appeared. With the fixed number of measurements, extending the calibration period was more beneficial than increasing the monitoring frequency in improving the estimation results. To our best knowledge, this work is the first study on Bayesian monitoring design for streambed characterization with the heat tracing method. The method and results can provide guidance on selecting monitoring strategies under budget‐limited conditions.
The implementation of the consensus on the management of Helicobacter pylori and barriers to consensus
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Liou Jyh‐Ming , Luo Jiing‐Chyuan , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Lee Yi‐Chia , Wu Chun‐Ying , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Hsu Ping‐I , Chang Chun‐Chao , Chang Wei‐Lun , Lin Jaw‐Town , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundA consensus on the management of Helicobacter pylori has been developed. We aimed to assess whether dissemination through continuing medical education (CME) could enhance the adoption of this consensus among clinicians and to explore potential barriers to acceptance.Materials and methodsFour CME courses were held to disseminate the consensus. Adoption surveys were performed to evaluate participants’ behavior in the past and their commitment to adopt the consensus in future clinical practice after CME. The gaps and barriers to adoption were also surveyed.ResultsA total of 240 physicians had attended the CME courses and received surveys with the 22 statements/substatements of the consensus. Before CME, adoption was good in six, fair in ten, and poor in six. After CME, 21 statements had either an initial >90% adoption or improvement to good or fair (P < 0.001), but one still had poor even though it showed improvement (P = 0.02). Although commitment was good or fair after CME, there was a >20% gap between “commitment” and “no barrier” to adoption for 11 statements, ten of which had a main barrier of financial incentives. Among the statements with fair or poor commitment after CME, less commitment to adoption and more barriers related to financial incentives were pronounced in clinicians serving in regional/district hospitals or clinics compared to those serving in medical centers.ConclusionsContinuing medical education may improve the adoption of the H. pylori consensus. The financial incentives were shown to be a main barrier to adoption of the consensus and should be improved.
Concordance of biopsy and prostatectomy diagnosis of intraductal and cribriform carcinoma in a prospectively collected data set
Authors: Masoomian Mehdi , Downes Michelle R , Sweet Joan , Cheung Carol , Evans Andrew J , Fleshner Neil , Maganti Manjula , Van der Kwast Theodorus 
Published: August 2018

AimsIntraductal and cribriform carcinoma of the prostate are increasingly recognised as independent prognosticators of poor outcome, both in prostate biopsies and surgical specimens. We studied the concordance of biopsy and prostatectomy diagnosis for these two subpathologies in relationship with pathological stage.Methods and resultsMandatory synoptic reporting of intraductal and cribriform carcinoma in prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens was adopted by two academic institutions in November 2015. Synoptic reports of 245 biopsy and corresponding prostatectomy specimens were interrogated to determine the prevalence of intraductal and cribriform carcinoma. Sensitivity and specificity were determined, with prostatectomy diagnosis as the gold standard. Associations with pathological stage as primary outcome parameter were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Prevalence of the combination of intraductal and cribriform carcinoma was 26.9% in biopsies and 51.8% in prostatectomy specimens. Sensitivity and specificity at biopsy were 47.2% and 94.9%, respectively. Intraductal and cribriform carcinoma at biopsy were associated with advanced pathological stage independent of grade (P = 0.013). Among patients with grade group 2 prostate cancer at biopsy, the more advanced pathological stage distribution was similar for those with a false negative and a true positive biopsy diagnosis of intraductal and cribriform carcinoma (P = 0.29).ConclusionIn spite of low sensitivity, intraductal and cribriform carcinoma at biopsy was associated strongly with advanced stage at radical prostatectomy. As a false negative biopsy diagnosis was equally associated with advanced pathological stage, efforts should be undertaken to improve the sensitivity of biopsy diagnosis for intraductal and cribriform carcinoma.
Associations among histological characteristics and patient outcomes in colorectal carcinoma with a mucinous component
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S , Cates Justin M M , Washington Kay 
Published: August 2018

AimsColorectal carcinoma (CRC) often has a mucinous component, with more than 50% mucin by volume defining the mucinous subtype of CRC. The prognostic impact of the mucinous phenotype remains unclear.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 224 CRC with at least 5% mucinous component (herein ‘mCRC’) for patient sex, age, race and outcome; tumour size, location, stage and microsatellite instability (MSI) status; percentage of glands producing mucin; percentage of tumour volume composed of mucin; whether tumoral epithelium floated in mucin pools; tumour budding; signet ring cells (SRCs); and peritumoural inflammation (PI). We related these features to disease‐specific survival and compared outcomes to 499 stage‐matched, conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas. Factors predicting worse prognosis in mCRC on univariable analysis included non‐MSI‐high status (P = 0.0008), SRC (P = 0.0017) and lack of PI (P = 0.0034). No parameters were independently associated with outcome after adjusting for tumour stage in multivariate analysis. The percentage of glands producing mucin and percentage tumour volume composed of mucin did not affect prognosis, including at the recommended 50% cut‐off for subtyping mCRC. Disease‐specific survival for mCRC and adenocarcinomas were similar after accounting for stage.ConclusionsStage‐matched mCRCs and adenocarcinomas have similar outcomes, with no prognostic significance to morphological subtyping. Histological characteristics of mCRC, including percentage of tumour volume comprised of mucin, were not predictive of outcome.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN‐based cermet reinforced by Cr3C2 addition
Authors: Wu Yuxue , Xiong Huiwen , Gan Xueping , Li Zhiyou , Zhou Kechao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTiN‐based cermets with different Cr3C2 addition were prepared by conventional vacuum sintering. Effect of Cr3C2 on microstructure and properties of TiN‐based cermets were discussed. Owing to the formation of sound rims on TiN cores, ultrafine TiN‐based cermets with more uniform microstructure and finer grains were obtained with 1 wt% Cr3C2. When the added Cr3C2 content enhanced from 0 to 2 wt%, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and fracture toughness increased firstly and then decreased, while the hardness increased monotonically. For the experimental conditions considered, the cermet with 1 wt% Cr3C2 addition had optimal combination of hardness (91HRA), fracture toughness (14.7 MPa m1/2) and TRS (2123 MPa).
Molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma: Impact of the anti‐tumor miR‐29 family on gene regulation
Authors: Yamada Yasutaka , Sugawara Sho , Arai Takayuki , Kojima Satoko , Kato Mayuko , Okato Atsushi , Yamazaki Kazuto , Naya Yukio , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Seki Naohiko 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo identify key oncogenes and proteins that are controlled by the microRNA miR‐29 family (miR‐29a, miR‐29b and miR‐29c) in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis.MethodsGenome‐wide gene expression and in silico database analyses were carried out. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to investigate the clinical significance of gene expression data in renal cell carcinoma patients. Loss‐of‐function assays were applied to investigate the function of target genes.ResultsWe identified 47 possible target genes that might be regulated by the miR‐29 family in renal cell carcinoma cells. Among the targets of the miR‐29 family, high expression of 10 genes (ADAMTS14, TRIB13, SERPINH1, FCGR1B, COL1A1, LAIR2, WISP2, TREM1, TNKS1BP1 and GBP2) significantly predicted poor patient prognosis (P < 0.001). SERPINH1 was directly regulated by the miR‐29 family, and its overexpression was detected in renal cell carcinoma surgical specimens and tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure autopsy specimens. High expression of SERPINH1 was significantly associated with tumor stage, pathological grade and poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Knockdown assays showed that its expression enhanced cancer cell migration and invasive abilities.ConclusionsGenes regulated by the anti‐tumor miR‐29 family are closely involved in the molecular pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. Our approach based on anti‐tumor microRNAs might contribute to the development of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
Linking Migration Intentions with Flows: Evidence and Potential Use
Authors: Tjaden Jasper , Auer Daniel , Laczko Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the absence of reliable, internationally available migration flow data necessary for statistical forecasting, policymakers increasingly turn to survey data on emigration intentions to evaluate future migration trends. The important assumption – i.e. that there is a measurable and systematic relationship between the intention to migrate and actual migration – has not been firmly established at the international level. We examine the association between estimated population averages of emigration intentions and official migration flow data based on data for more than 160 countries. The results show a strong association between emigration intentions and recorded bilateral flows to industrialized countries, as well as between intentions and aggregated out‐migration. The results provide policymakers with a reliability assessment of survey data on emigration intentions and encourage future attempts to incorporate survey data in formal statistical migration forecasting models.
Statistical size scaling of ceramic strength
Authors: Lei Wei‐Sheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work is based on the belief that the uniform spatial distribution of flaws underlying Weibull statistics is not necessarily always true for all ceramics. The weakest‐link statistics for a power‐law spatial distribution of flaws is adopted to synchronize the size dependence and random variation of ceramic strength. Three sets of published strength data of ceramics from different sized specimens are used for this purpose. The assumption of power‐law spatial distribution of flaws in ceramics is validated, with both uniform and nonuniform spatial distributions being showcased possible. For all the three case studies, there exists a master curve to correlate a compound parameter encompassing cumulative failure probability and size effect with the nominal fracture strength.
Response of isotopically tailored titanium diboride to neutron irradiation
Authors: Koyanagi Takaaki , Katoh Yutai , Ang Caen , King Derek , Hilmas Greg E. , Fahrenholtz William G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe response of polycrystalline TiB2 to neutron irradiation was investigated. The material was fabricated using isotopically enriched 11B powders to minimize helium production via the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction. Neutron irradiation was conducted at temperatures of ~200°C and ~600°C to a fast fluence of 2.4 × 1025 n/m2 (>0.1 MeV). The material exhibited some swelling, but less swelling at the higher irradiation temperature. No macroscopic damage was observed in the irradiated material, although moderate irradiation‐induced micro‐cracking was found in the irradiated TiB2. This study demonstrated improved radiation resistance of isotopically tailored TiB2 compared with natural boron TiB2, which exhibited macroscopic fracture by irradiation.
Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo
Authors: Hu Chenxia , Zhao Lingfei , Peng Conggao , Li Lanjuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
SCN1Bβ mutations that affect their association with Kv4.3 underlie early repolarization syndrome
Authors: Yao Hao , Fan Jun , Cheng Yun‐Jiu , Chen Xu‐Miao , Ji Cheng‐Cheng , Liu Li‐Juan , Zheng Zi‐Heng , Wu Su‐Hua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal cardiac ion channels current, including transient outward potassium current (Ito), is associated with early repolarization syndrome (ERS). Previous studies showed that mutations in SCN1Bβ both to increase the Ito current and to decrease the sodium current. Yet its role in ERS remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the role of mutations in the SCN1Bβ subunits in ERS.MethodsWe screened for mutations in the SCN1B genes from four families with ERS. Wild‐type and mutant SCN1Bβ genes were co‐expressed with wild‐type KCND3 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique and co‐immunoprecipitation were used to study the electrophysiological properties and explore the underlying mechanisms.ResultsS248R and R250T mutations in SCN1Bβ were detected in 4 families’ probands. Neither S248R nor R250T mutation had significant influence on the sodium channel current density (INa) when co‐expressed with SCN5A/WT. Co‐expression of KCND3/WT and SCN1Bβ/S248R or SCN1Bβ/R250T increased the transient outward potassium current Ito by 27.44% and 199.89%, respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) when compared with SCN1Bβ/WT. Electrophysiological properties showed that S248R and R250T mutations decreased the steady‐state inactivation and recovery from inactivation of Ito channel. Co‐immunoprecipitation study demonstrated an increased association between SCN1Bβ mutations and Kv4.3 compared with SCN1Bβ/WT (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe S248R and R250T mutations of SCN1Bβ gene caused gain‐of‐function of Ito by associated with Kv4.3, which maybe underlie the ERS phenotype of the probands.
Polydatin suppresses nucleus pulposus cell senescence, promotes matrix homeostasis and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats
Authors: Wang Jianle , Huang Chongan , Lin Zongze , Pan Xiangxiang , Chen Jiaoxiang , Zheng Gang , Tian Naifeng , Yan Yingzhao , Zhang Zengjie , Hu Jianing , Cheng Pu , Wang Xiangyang , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the major causes of low back pain. Polydatin (PD) has been shown to exert multiple pharmacological effects on different diseases; here, we test the therapeutic potential of PD for IVDD. In in‐vitro experiments, we confirmed PD is nontoxic to nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) under the concentration of 400 μmol/L. Furthermore, PD was able to decrease the level of senescence in TNF‐α‐treated NPCs, as indicated by β‐gal staining as well as senescence markers p53 and p16 expression. In the aspect of extracellular matrix (ECM), PD not only reduced metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and a disintegrin‐like and metalloproteinase thrombospondin type 1 motif 4 (ADAMTS‐4) expression, but also increased aggrecan and collagen II levels. Mitochondrion is closely related to cellular senescence and ECM homeostasis; mechanistically, we found PD may rescue TNF‐α‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and it may also promote Nrf2 expression and activity. Silencing Nrf2 partly abolished the protective effects of PD on mitochondrial homeostasis, senescence and ECM homeostasis in TNF‐α‐treated NPCs. Correspondingly, PD ameliorated IVDD in rat model by promoting Nrf2 activity, preserving ECM and inhibiting senescence in nucleus pulposus cells. To sum up, our study suggests that PD exerts protective effects in NPCs against IVDD and reveals the underlying mechanism of PD on Nrf2 activation in NPCs.