bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of HIPPARCOS andGaiaphotometric data for asteroids
Authors: Cellino A. , Hestroffer D. , Lu X.-P. , Muinonen K. , Tanga P. 
Published: September 2019

Context.Sparse photometric data can be used to determine the spin properties and infer information about the shapes of asteroids. The algorithm adopted for the inversion ofGaiaphotometric data assumes, for the sake of simplicity and to minimize CPU execution time, that the objects have triaxial ellipsoid shapes. In the past, this algorithm was tested against large sets of simulated data and small numbers of sparse photometric measurements obtained by HIPPARCOS.Aims.After the secondGaiadata release, it is now possible to test the inversion algorithm against small samples of actualGaiadata for the first time. At the same time, we can attempt a new inversion of older HIPPARCOSmeasurements, using an updated version of the photometric inversion algorithm.Methods.The new version of our inversion algorithm includes the treatment of a Lommel-Seeliger scattering relation especially developed for the case of triaxial ellipsoid shapes. In addition, we also performed inversion attempts using a more refined shape model, based on the so-called cellinoid shapes.Results.With respect to the old inversion of HIPPARCOSdata carried out in the past, we obtain only marginal improvements. In the case ofGaiadata, however, we obtain very encouraging results. A successful determination of the rotation period is possible in most cases, in spite of the limited time span covered by data published in the secondGaiadata release (GDR2), which makes the determination of the spin axis direction still uncertain. Even a small number of measurements, less than 30 in many cases, are sufficient to obtain a satisfactory inversion solution. Using the more realistic cellinoid shape model, we find further improvement in the determination of the spin period.Conclusions.This is a relevant validation of GDR2 photometry of asteroids, and proof of the satisfactory performances of the adopted inversion algorithm.
GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT)
Authors: Giannini T. , Nisini B. , Antoniucci S. , Biazzo K. , Alcalá J. , Bacciotti F. , Fedele D. , Frasca A. , Harutyunyan A. , Munari U. , Rigliaco E. , Vitali F. 
Published: September 2019

Context. The mechanism for jet formation in the disks of T Tauri stars remains poorly understood. Observational benchmarks to launching models can be provided by tracing the physical properties of the kinematic components of the wind and jet in the inner 100 au of the disk surface.
Aims. In the framework of the GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT) project, we aim to perform a multi-line analysis of the velocity components of the gas in the jet acceleration zone.
Methods. We analyzed the GIARPS-TNG spectra of six objects in the Taurus-Auriga complex (RY Tau, DG Tau, DL Tau, HN Tau, DO Tau, RW Aur A). Thanks to the combined high-spectral resolution (ℜ = 5°0 000−115 000) and wide spectral coverage (~400−2400 nm) we observed several O 0, S +, N 0, N +, and Fe + forbidden lines spanning a large range of excitation and ionization conditions. In four objects (DG Tau, HN Tau, DO Tau, RW Aur A), temperature (Te), electron and total density (ne, nH), and fractional ionization (xe) were derived as a function of velocity through an excitation and ionization model. The abundance of gaseous iron, X(Fe), a probe of the dust content in the jet, was derived in selected velocity channels.
Results. The physical parameters vary smoothly with velocity, suggesting a common origin for the different kinematic components. In DG Tau and HN Tau, Te, xe, and X(Fe) increase with velocity (roughly from 6000 K, 0.05, 10%X(Fe)⊙ to 15 000 K, 0.6, 90%X(Fe)⊙). This trend is in agreement with disk–wind models in which the jet is launched from regions of the disk at different radii. In DO Tau and RW Aur A, we infer xe < 0.1, nH ~ 106−7 cm−3, and X(Fe) ≲ X(Fe)⊙ at all velocities. These findings are tentatively explained by the formation of these jets from dense regions inside the inner, gaseous disk, or as a consequence of their high degree of collimation.
Task‐specific measurement uncertainty budget of Curvic‐coupling using analytical methods
Authors: Gashi Bekim V. , Toman Trevor , Matharu Ranveer S. 
Published: September 2019

A number of Industrial reference components manufactured by grinding to achieve tight dimensional tolerances. In this paper, we present an uncertainty budget of a reference forty-tooth #Curvic measured using an accurate Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) in a temperature-controlled laboratory. A number of measurements conducted on Curvicto assess measurement repeatability and reproducibility. Expanded uncertainty budget evaluated from twenty-one Influencing factors, giving8.7 µm (7.1 µm from Type A) and 11 µm (9.6 µm from Type A), respectively, for repeatability and reproducibility test (k >2). Measurement uncertainty due to steady-state thermal effects is 2.2 µm. An adaptable model is presented to evaluate transient thermal effects, a factor often neglected in measurement uncertainty. Thermal time constant uncertainty associated with transient thermal effects is evaluated u(τ)= ±398 s, which corresponds to ±15 % of thermal time constant expanded uncertainty, u(τ)= ±2570 s.
#Curvic® (Curvic is a trademark of The Gleason Works, 1000 University Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14603, USA)
Die Facharztprüfung Innere Medizin: Eine qualitative und quantitative Analyse von Gedächtnisprotokollen
Authors: Beckers Marc Aurelio , Braun Leah T. , Epstein Nurith , Fischer Martin R. , Schmidmaier Ralf 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Facharztprüfung berechtigt zur selbstständigen Berufsausübung und ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die Qualität der ärztlichen Versorgung. Sie soll die Inhalte der Weiterbildungsordnung abdecken. Über die tatsächlich abgefragten Inhalte der Prüfung ist wenig bekannt. In dieser Studie soll die Frage beantwortet werden, welche inhaltlichen und strukturellen Charakteristika Facharztprüfungen der Inneren Medizin in Deutschland haben.
Methoden 100 Gedächtnisprotokolle von bundesweiten Facharztprüfungen aus den Jahren 2013–2016 wurden hinsichtlich ihrer inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte sowie der Fragetypen quantitativ erfasst und deskriptiv ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Blueprints der Facharztprüfungen der Schweiz sowie der USA verglichen.
Ergebnisse In jeder Prüfung werden durchschnittlich 27 (SD = 10) Fragen gestellt; diese lassen sich in 3 Kategorien einordnen: (1) themenbezogene Einzelfragen, (2) fallbezogene Fragen, (3) auf diagnostische Verfahren ausgerichtete Fragen anhand von Medien. Die am häufigsten abgefragten internistischen Themenschwerpunkte sind Kardiologie, Gastroenterologie (jeweils 17 %) und Endokrinologie (11 %). Bei 50 % der Fragen musste Wissen reproduziert, bei den anderen 50 % Konzepte oder Prozeduren verstanden und angewendet werden. Beim Vergleich mit amerikanischen und schweizerischen Blueprints wurde eine ähnliche prozentuale Aufteilung der Fragen zu Themengebieten gefunden. In Bezug auf den amerikanischen Blueprint fällt auf, dass mehr Fragen aus anderen Facharztbereichen gestellt werden als in Deutschland. Beim schweizerischen Blueprint wird ein großes Spektrum an fächerübergreifenden Aspekten wie Ethik, Prävention und Wirtschaft abgefragt, die in der deutschen Facharztprüfung kein Prüfungsgegenstand sind.
Diskussion In der mündlichen Facharztprüfung Innere Medizin in Deutschland werden ebenso viele Themengebiete wie in ausländischen Facharztprüfungen abgeprüft. Allerdings ist die Varianz zwischen den einzelnen Prüfungen relativ groß. Eine Standardisierung der Prüfung wäre wichtig, um gleiche Prüfungsbedingungen für alle Kandidaten zu schaffen.
Plasma Secretagogin is Increased in Individuals with Glucose Dysregulation
Authors: Yang Chao , Qu Hua , Zhao Xiaolan , Hu Yingru , Xiong Jiayao , Jiang Xianshu , Chen Yanmei , Li Zhiyong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Secretagogin, a Ca2+ binding protein, is one of the most abundant proteins in pancreatic β-cells and is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and signaling competence of β-cells. This study seeks to assess the concentrations of plasma secretagogin in participants with prediabetes (pre-DM) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to explore its relationship to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, first-phase insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function.
Materials and Methods A total of 126 eligible subjects were divided into three groups: a normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=45), a pre-DM (n=30), and a T2DM (n=51) group. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and clinical and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects.
Results Plasma secretagogin levels were significantly higher in both pre-DM and T2DM patients compared with NGT subjects and were highest in the T2DM group. Correlation analysis showed that plasma secretagogin levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) but were not correlated with waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and first-phase insulin secretion indicators. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 2hPG and BMI were independent predictors for elevation of plasma secretagogin concentrations.
Conclusions Increased circulating secretagogin might be a molecular predictor for early diagnosis of diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore the role of secretagogin in obesity.
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of GNAS Inactivation Disorders Observed in 18 Korean Patients
Authors: Han Sa Ra , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong-Ho , Yang Sei-Won , Lim Byung Chan , Cho Tae-Joon , Ko Jung Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The GNAS gene on chromosome 20q13.3 is a complex, imprinted locus regulated in a tissue-specific manner. GNAS inactivation disorders are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders caused by mutations and methylation defects. These are divided into pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) types 1A and 1B, pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), and progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), depending on the presence or absence of hormone resistance, Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), and ectopic ossification.
Methods This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and molecular genetic backgrounds of 18 Korean patients from 16 families with a genetically confirmed GNAS defect. Auxological parameters, AHO phenotypes, types of hormonal resistance, family history, and molecular genetic disturbances were reviewed retrospectively.
Results Nine (90%) patients with PHP1A showed resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and all patients showed elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at diagnosis. Eight (80%) patients were managed with levothyroxine supplementation. Three of six patients with PHP1B had elevated TSH levels, but none of whom needed levothyroxine medication. AHO features were absent in PHP1B. Patients with PPHP and POH did not show any hormone resistance, and both of them were born as small for gestational age. Among the 11 families with PHP1A, PPHP, and POH, eight different (three novel) mutations in the GNAS gene were identified. Among the six patients with PHP1B, two were sporadic cases and four showed isolated loss of methylation at GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR.
Conclusions Clinical and molecular characteristics of Korean patients with GNAS inactivation disorders were described in this study. Also, we reaffirmed heterogeneity of PHP, contributing to further accumulation and expansion of current knowledge of this complex disease.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bixin, a Carotenoid Extracted from the Seeds of Bixa orellana
Authors: Pacheco Samanta Daliana Golin , Gasparin Alexia Thamara , Jesus Carlos Henrique Alves , Sotomaior Bruna Bittencourt , Ventura Ana Clara Sans Salomão Brunow , Redivo Daiany Darlly Belo , Cabrini Daniela de Almeida , Gaspari Dias Josiane de Fátima , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , da Cunha Joice Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBixin is the main natural apocarotenoid extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana, widely used as a cosmetic and textile colorant. Despite the description of several pharmacological properties of B. orellana extracts, little has been studied regarding the pharmacological properties of bixin. Then we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of bixin in preclinical models of inflammation and acute pain. The anti-inflammatory activity of bixin (15 or 30 mg/kg, orally) was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in male Wistar rats. The antinociceptive effect of bixin was assessed in the formalin and hot plate tests in rats (at same doses) and in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in Swiss albino male mice (at doses of 27 or 53 mg/kg). General locomotor activity was evaluated in the open field test. Only the higher dose of bixin significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw edema and the MPO activity and increased the latency time in the hot plate. Both doses of bixin significantly reduced the number of flinches in both phases of the formalin test and the number of acetic acid-induced writhings without changing the locomotor performance in the open field test. This study validates the use of bixin as an anti-inflammatory trough mechanism related to the reduction of neutrophil migration. Furthermore, this is the first report showing the antinociceptive property of bixin, which does not appear to be related to the sedative effect. Further studies are necessary to characterize the mechanisms involved in these effects.
Reduced Compensatory β-Cell Proliferation in Nfatc3-Deficient Mice Fed on High-Fat Diet
Authors: Hu Li , He Fengli , Luo Yan , Luo Hairong , Hai Luo , Li Yabin , Zhou Zhiguang , Liu Feng , Dai Yan-Shan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background High-fat-diet induces pancreatic β-cell compensatory proliferation, and impairments in pancreatic β-cell proliferation and function can lead to defects in insulin secretion and diabetes. NFATc3 is important for HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. But it is unknown whether NFATc3 is required for β cell compensatory growth in mice fed with HFD.
Methods NFATc3 mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively, in pancreatic islets of WT mice fed on HFD for 12–20 weeks. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 were conducted in Min6 cells and cultured primary mouse islets. NFATc3-/- mice and WT control mice were fed with HFD and metabolic and functional parameters were measured.
Results We observed that the NFATc3 expression level was reduced in the islets of high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell gene expression in cultured primary mouse islets. Nfatc3-/- mice initially developed similar glucose tolerance at 2–4 weeks after HFD feeding than HFD-fed WT mice, but Nfatc3-/- mice developed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after 8 weeks of HFD feeding compared to Nfatc3+/+fed with HFD. Furthermore, Nfatc3-/- mice on HFD exhibited decreased β-cell mass and reduced expression of genes important for β-cell proliferation and function compared to Nfatc3+/+mice on HFD.
Conclusions The findings suggested that NFATc3 plays a role in maintaining the pancreatic β-cell compensatory growth and gene expression in response to obesity.
Cyclopropanation Reactions of Semi-stabilized and Non-stabilized Diazo Compounds
Authors: Allouche Emmanuelle M. D. , Charette André B. 
Published: September 2019

The cyclopropane ring is present in a large number of bio­active molecules as its incorporation often greatly alters their physiochemical properties. The synthesis of such motif is therefore of interest. Diazo compounds are versatile and powerful reagents that can be used in a broad range of reactions, including cyclopropanation processes. However, in case of unstable diazo reagents such as the donor-substituted­ variants, their inherent toxicity and instability have hampered their effective synthesis and utilization. Herein, we report the recent­ advances devoted to the safe and facile production of these potentially hazardous species and their subsequent application in cyclopropanation reactions, allowing the synthesis of more complex cyclopropylated motifs.1	Introduction2	Halomethylmetal-Mediated Cyclopropanations3	Cyclopropanations through Metallic- or Free Carbenes3.1	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Decomposition of Diazo Compounds3.2	Metal-Free Decomposition of Diazo Compounds4	Michael Induced Ring Closure (MIRC) Reactions4.1	Sulfur Ylides4.2	1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions5	Conclusion
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of 1,2,5-Thiadiazoles and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles
Authors: Rakitin Oleg A. 
Published: September 2019

The fast-growing interest in 1,2,5-thiadiazoles and their fused analogues including 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles in recent years as important compounds in materials science and biomedicine has led to great progress in the synthesis of these heterocyclic systems. In this short review, the development of known procedures together with novel reactions is covered. New starting materials, unknown and unexpected transformations for the construction of the thiadiazole ring are emphasized.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Monocyclic 1,2,5-Thiadiazoles2.1	From 1,2-Diamines, vic-Dioximes and Related Compounds2.2	From Alkyl Aryl (Hetaryl) Ketoximes and Tetrasulfur Tetranitride2.3	By Condensation Reactions2.4	From Other Heterocycles3	Synthesis of Fused 1,2,5-Thiadiazoles3.1	From ortho-Phenylenediamines and Related Compounds3.2	From ortho-Aminonitroso and ortho-Aminonitro Derivatives3.3	By Condensation Reactions3.4	By Chalcogen Exchange in 1,2,5-Oxa- and 1,2,5-Selenadiazoles3.5	Miscellaneous Methods4	Conclusions
Pharmacological Treatment for Symptomatic Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna , Mira Ticiana Aparecida Alves de , Yela Daniela Angerame , Teatin-Juliato Cassia Raquel , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira 
Published: September 2019

Objective To assess the efficacy of non-surgical treatment for adenomyosis.
Data Sources A search was performed by two authors in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Scielo databases and in the grey literature from inception to March 2018, with no language restriction.
Selection of Studies We have included prospective randomized studies for treating symptomatic women with adenomyosis (abnormal uterine bleeding and/or pelvic pain) diagnosed by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
Data Collection Studies were primarily selected by title and abstract. The articles that were eligible for inclusion were evaluated in their entirety, and their data was extracted for further processing and analysis.
Data Synthesis From 567 retrieved records only 5 remained for analysis. The intervention groups were: levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)(n = 2), dienogest (n = 2), and letrozole (n = 1). Levonorgestrel intrauterine system was effective to control bleeding when compared to hysterectomy or combined oral contraceptives (COCs). One study assessed chronic pelvic pain and reported that LNG-IUS was superior to COC to reduce symptoms. Regarding dienogest, it was efficient to reduce pelvic pain when compared to placebo or goserelin, but less effective to control bleeding than gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. Letrozole was as efficient as GnRH analog to relieve dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, but not for chronic pelvic pain. Reduction of uterine volume was seen with aromatase inhibitors, GnRH analog, and LGN-IUD.
Conclusion Levonorgestrel intrauterine system and dienogest have significantly improved the control of bleeding and pelvic pain, respectively, in women with adenomyosis. However, there is insufficient data from the retrieved studies to endorse each medication for this disease. Further randomized control tests (RCTs) are needed to address pharmacological treatment of adenomyosis.
Functional and Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: One Ring Fits All?
Authors: Sideris Konstantinos , Boehm Johannes , Voss Bernhard , Guenther Thomas , Lange Ruediger S. , Guenzinger Ralf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Three-dimensional saddle-shaped annuloplasty rings have been shown to create a larger surface of leaflet coaptation in mitral valve repair (MVR) for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) which may increase repair durability. For the first time, this study reports mid-term results after MVR for DMR and FMR using a rigid three-dimensional ring (Profile 3D, Medtronic).
Methods Between June 2009 and June 2012, 369 patients with DMR (n = 326) or FMR (n = 43) underwent MVR (mean age 62.3 ± 12.6 years). A total of 205 patients (55.6%) underwent isolated MVR and 164 patients (44.4%) a combined procedure. Follow-up examinations were performed in 94.9% (mean 4.9 ± 0.9 years). Echocardiographic assessment was complete in 93.2% (mean 4.3 ± 1.2 years).
Results The 30-day mortality was 1.5% (5/326) for DMR (1.5% for isolated and 1.6% for combined procedures) and 9.3% (4/43) for FMR (0% for isolated and 10.5% for combined procedures). Survival at 6 years was 92.1 ± 1.9% for DMR (92.9 ± 2.6% for isolated and 90.7 ± 2.7% for combined procedures) and 66.4 ± 7.9% for FMR (80.0 ± 17.9% for isolated and 63.7 ± 8.9% for combined procedures). Cumulative risk for mitral valve-related reoperation at 6 years was 0% for FMR and 7.1 ± 1.5% for DMR. At echocardiographic follow-up, one patient presented with mitral regurgitation (MR) more than moderate. The only predictor of recurrent MR after MVR for DMR was residual mild MR at discharge.
Conclusion Repair of FMR with the three-dimensional Profile 3D annuloplasty ring shows excellent mid-term results with regard to recurrence of MR. In cases of DMR, the results are conforming to the current literature.
Resultados funcionais e radiológicos do tratamento cirúrgico da luxação acromioclavicular aguda com âncoras e fixação clavículo-escapular
Authors: Mendes Júnior Adriano Fernando , Mota Neto José da , Dias Darlan Malba , Simoni Leandro Furtado de , Loures Elmano de Araújo , Labronici Pedro José 
Published: September 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos, radiológicos, e funcionais do tratamento cirúrgico da luxação acromioclavicular aguda, utilizando a técnica de sindesmopexia coracoclavicular com duas âncoras metálicas, fixação temporária clavículo-escapular, e transferência do ligamento coracoacromial.
Métodos Estudo observacional longitudinal com trinta pacientes com diagnóstico de luxação acromioclavicular aguda submetidos à cirurgia, com seguimento mínimo de seis meses, avaliados clínica, radiograficamente, e pelos escores de University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e Constant-Murley.
Resultados Os valores médios dos escores foram: UCLA = 32; DASH = 11,21; e Constant-Murley = 86,93, com resultados satisfatórios acima de 80%. Os resultados insatisfatórios foram relacionados à dor acromioclavicular, a testes de impacto subacromial positivos, e aos pacientes de faixa etária mais elevada (p < 0,05). Radiologicamente, valores maiores em razão da distância coracoclavicular do ombro operado, comparado com o ombro normal, foram relacionados a piores resultados, embora sem significância estatística. Não foi observada associação entre os resultados dos escores funcionais e as variáveis grau da lesão, transferência do ligamento coracoacromial, impressão clínica de perda de redução, e discinesia escapulo-torácica.
Conclusão A técnica utilizada propicia uma fixação eficiente, com alto índice de satisfação segundo os escores de UCLA, Constant-Murley e DASH. Observou-se baixo índice de complicações apesar da frequência elevada de subluxação acromioclavicular radiológica residual.