bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's right to health in Iran: Domestic implementation of international human rights law
Authors: Kokabisaghi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn Iran, discrimination based on gender in enjoyment of the right to health is prohibited. Making health services physically and financially accessible to the entire population and removing social and cultural barriers of women's access to health services are main considerations of the health laws and policies of Iran. The health of Iranian women has improved considerably in recent years. But there are disparities in health status and access of women to health services around the country. Some groups of women, including the poor, the elderly, the disabled, the illegal immigrant, and those without an appropriate male guardian, and rural women have limited access to health services in Iran. To realize women's right to health, this country should immediately remove the disparities and use all the necessary means including legislative, administrative, budgetary, promotional, and judicial measures. National plans on women's empowerment and support should be interpreted in provincial programs and action plans. Moreover, a monitoring system and certain benchmarks for tracing the progress of the plans should be established. Realizing other economic, social, and cultural rights including the rights to food, shelter, education, work, social security, and participation in society will improve the Iranian women's enjoyment of their right.
Identification of gene coexpression modules, hub genes, and pathways related to spinal cord injury using integrated bioinformatics methods
Authors: Wang Tienan , Wu Baolin , Zhang Xiuzhi , Zhang Meng , Zhang Shuo , Huang Wei , Liu Tao , Yu Weiting , Li Junlei , Yu Xiaobing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by dramatic neurons loss and axonal regeneration suppression. The underlying mechanism associated with SCI‐induced immune suppression is still unclear. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) is now widely applied for the identification of the coexpressed modules, hub genes, and pathways associated with clinic traits of diseases. We performed this study to identify hub genes associated with SCI development. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets GSE45006 and GSE20907 were downloaded and the significant correlativity and connectivity between them were detected using WGCNA. Three significant consensus modules, including 567 eigengenes, were identified from the master GSE45006 data following the preconditions of approximate scale‐free topology for WGCNA. Further bioinformatics analysis showed these eigengenes were involved in inflammatory and immune responses in SCI. Three hub genes Rac2,
Itgb2, and
Tyrobp and one pathway “natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity” were identified following short time‐series expression miner, protein‐protein interaction network, and functional enrichment analysis. Gradually upregulated expression patterns of
Rac2,
Itgb2, and
Tyrobp genes at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after SCI were confirmed based on GSE45006 and GSE20907 data set. Finally, we found that
Rac2,
Itgb2, and
Tyrobp genes might take crucial roles in SCI development through the “natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity” pathway.
Understanding the ecological context of mental, emotional, and behavioral health problems: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Logan‐Greene Patricia , Linn Brad , Hartinger‐Saunders Robin , Nochajski Thomas , Wieczorek William F. , Rittner Barbara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims:The social/environmental context of youth is important for mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) health. This study used person‐oriented methods to examine the influences of family, neighborhood, and poverty on late adolescent MEB outcomes.Methods:Latent class analysis was used to discern significant clusters of at‐risk, diverse young men (N = 625) based on contextual factors; differences in MEB outcomes were examined.Results:Four classes emerged. Resourced and Protected youth had low risk across all indicators. Non‐resourced and Protected youth lived in poverty, poor neighborhoods, but had good parenting; despite low delinquency, substance use was elevated. Resourced but High Risk youth had negative parenting but good neighborhoods. Outcomes included elevated delinquency and mental health problems. Non‐resourced and High Risk youth were poor, lived in bad neighborhoods, and experienced abusive parenting; MEB outcomes were poor.Conclusion:Findings confirm the unique effects that negative parenting, neighborhoods, and poverty have on adolescent development. Implications are discussed.
Retracted: Impaired Th17 cell proliferation and decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in CXCR3/CXCR4 double‐deficient mice of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Jin Yue‐Mei , Liu Shan‐Shan , Xu Tian‐Min , Guo Feng‐Jun , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common observed infection, affecting approximately 75% of women of reproductive age. Drug resistance represents a troublesome stumbling block associated with VVC therapy. Thus the aim of the present study was to provide information regarding the selection of potential drug targets for VVC. CXCR3‐, CXCR4‐, or CXCR/CXCR4 double‐deficient mouse models of VVC were subsequently established, with changes to the load of Candida Albicans evaluated accordingly. The biological behaviors of the vaginal epithelial cells were characterized in response to the CXCR3‐, CXCR4‐, or CXCR3/CXCR4 double‐knockout in vivo. Our initial observations revealed that in mice with VVC, CXCR3‐, CXCR4‐, or CXCR3 ‐ CXCR4 double‐knockout resulted in a decreased load of C. Albicans as well as reduced levels and proportion of Th17 cells. Proinflammatory cytokine production was found to be inhibited by CXCR3‐, CXCR4‐, or CXCR3/CXCR4 double‐knockout whereby the mRNA and protein expressions CXCR3, CXCR4, IL‐17, IL‐6, and TNF‐α exhibited decreased levels. CXCR3‐, CXCR4‐, or CXCR3/CXCR4 double‐knockout appeared to function as positive proliferation factors, while playing a negative role in the processes of apoptosis and the cell cycle of vaginal epithelial cells. Taken together, the key findings of the study suggested that CXCR3/CXCR4 double‐knockout could act to hinder the progression of VVC, highlighting its promise as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of VVC. CXCR3 and CXCR4 genes may regulate Th17/IL‐17 immune inflammatory pathways to participate in antifungal immunity.
Regulation of ROS–NF‐κB axis by tuna backbone derived peptide ameliorates inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Zhang Le , Fan Jianfeng , He Jingya , Chen Wenjuan , Jin Weilai , Zhu Yuting , Sun Haibing , Li Yawen , Shi Yingzuo , Jing Yulei , Wang Xiaolei , Han Shuping , Li Zhengying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common life‐threatening gastrointestinal disease encountered in the premature infant. It has been shown that the intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation activated by lipopolysaccharide involved in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation and pathogenesis of NEC. Here, we report that an antioxidant peptide from tuna backbone protein (APTBP) reduces the inflammatory cytokines transcription and release. APTBP directly scavenges the free radical through 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2‐phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide (PTIO) assay. In addition, APTBP reduces the intracellular ROS level, exhibiting an antioxidant activity within cells. Remarkably, gavage with APTBP attenuates the phenotype of NEC in the mice model. Mechanically, the NF‐κB activation, together with the expression of inflammatory cytokines are decreased significantly when intracellular ROS are eliminated by APTBP. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that an antioxidant peptide, APTBP, ameliorates inflammation in NEC through attenuating ROS–NF‐κB axis.
Pulsed electromagnetic field and relief of hypoxia‐induced neuronal cell death: The signaling pathway
Authors: Gessi Stefania , Merighi Stefania , Bencivenni Serena , Battistello Enrica , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Setti Stefania , Cadossi Matteo , Borea Pier Andrea , Cadossi Ruggero , Varani Katia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLow‐energy low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) exert several protective effects, such as the regulation of kinases, transcription factors as well as cell viability in both central and peripheral biological systems. However, it is not clear on which bases they affect neuroprotection and the mechanism responsible is yet unknown. In this study, we have characterized in nerve growth factor‐differentiated pheochromocytoma PC12 cells injured with hypoxia: (i) the effects of PEMF exposure on cell vitality; (ii) the protective pathways activated by PEMFs to relief neuronal cell death, including adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, protein kinase C epsilon and delta, p38, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, Akt and caspase‐3; (iii) the regulation by PEMFs of prosurvival heat‐shock proteins of 70 (HSP70), cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Bcl‐2 family proteins. The results obtained in this study show a protective effect of PEMFs that are able to reduce neuronal cell death induced by hypoxia by modulating p38, HSP70, CREB, BDNF, and Bcl‐2 family proteins. Specifically, we found a rapid activation (30 min) of p38 kinase cascade, which in turns enrolles HSP70 survival chaperone molecule, resulting in a significant CREB phosphorylation increase (24 hr). In this cascade, later (48 hr), BDNF and the antiapoptotic pathway regulated by the Bcl‐2 family of proteins are recruited by PEMFs to enhance neuronal survival. This study paves the way to elucidate the mechanisms triggered by PEMFs to act as a new neuroprotective approach to treat cerebral ischemia by reducing neuronal cell death.
Distinct skeletal muscle molecular responses to pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cluster analysis
Authors: Kneppers Anita E.M. , Haast Roy A.M. , Langen Ramon C.J. , Verdijk Lex B. , Leermakers Pieter A. , Gosker Harry R. , van Loon Luc J.C. , Lainscak Mitja , Schols Annemie M.W.J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), targeting skeletal muscle to improve functional performance. However, there is substantial inter‐individual variability in the effect of PR on functional performance, which cannot be fully accounted for by generic phenotypic factors. We performed an unbiased integrative analysis of the skeletal muscle molecular responses to PR in COPD patients and comprehensively characterized their baseline pulmonary and physical function, body composition, blood profile, comorbidities, and medication use.MethodsMusculus vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from 51 COPD patients (age 64 ± 1 years, sex 73% men, FEV1, 34 (26–41) %pred.) before and after 4 weeks high‐intensity supervised in‐patient PR. Muscle molecular markers were grouped by network‐constrained clustering, and their relative changes in expression values—assessed by qPCR and western blot—were reduced to process scores by principal component analysis. Patients were subsequently clustered based on these process scores. Pre‐PR and post‐PR functional performance was assessed by incremental cycle ergometry and 6 min walking test (6MWT).ResultsEight molecular processes were discerned by network‐constrained hierarchical clustering of the skeletal muscle molecular rehabilitation responses. Based on the resulting process scores, four clusters of patients were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis. Two major patient clusters differed in PR‐induced autophagy (P < 0.001), myogenesis (P = 0.014), glucocorticoid signalling (P < 0.001), and oxidative metabolism regulation (P < 0.001), with Cluster 1 (C1; n = 29) overall displaying a more pronounced change in marker expression than Cluster 2 (C2; n = 16). General baseline characteristics did not differ between clusters. Following PR, both 6 min walking distance (+26.5 ± 8.3 m, P = 0.003) and peak load on the cycle ergometer test (+9.7 ± 1.9 W, P < 0.001) were improved. However, the functional improvement was more pronounced in C1, as a higher percentage of patients exceeded the minimal clinically important difference in peak workload (61 vs. 21%, P = 0.022) and both peak workload and 6 min walking test (52 vs. 8%, P = 0.008) upon PR.ConclusionsWe identified patient groups with distinct skeletal muscle molecular responses to rehabilitation, associated with differences in functional improvements upon PR.
Eccentricities in the flip‐graphs of convex polygons
Authors: Pournin Lionel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe flip‐graph of a convex polygon is the graph whose vertices are the triangulations of and whose edges correspond to flips between them. The eccentricity of a triangulation of is the largest possible distance in this graph from T to any triangulation of . It is well known that when all interior edges of are incident to the same vertex, the eccentricity of in the flip‐graph of is exactly , where denotes the number of vertices of . Here, this statement is generalized to arbitrary triangulations. Denoting by the largest number of interior edges of incident to a vertex, it is shown that the eccentricity of in the flip‐graph of is exactly , provided . Inversely, the eccentricity of a triangulation, when small enough, allows to recover the value of . More precisely, if , it is also shown that has eccentricity if and only if exactly of its interior edges are incident to a given vertex. When , bounds on the eccentricity of are also given and discussed.
Beyond HIV prevention: everyday life priorities and demand for PrEP among Ugandan HIV serodiscordant couples
Authors: Nakku‐Joloba Edith , Pisarski Emily E , Wyatt Monique A , Muwonge Timothy R , Asiimwe Stephen , Celum Connie L , Baeten Jared M , Katabira Elly T , Ware Norma C 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection is being rolled out in Africa. The uptake of PrEP to date has varied across populations and locations. We seek to understand the drivers of demand for PrEP through analysis of qualitative data collected in conjunction with a PrEP demonstration project involving East African HIV serodiscordant couples. Our goal was to inform demand creation by understanding what PrEP means – beyond HIV prevention – for the lives of users.MethodsThe Partners Demonstration Project evaluated an integrated strategy of PrEP and antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery in which time‐limited PrEP served as a “bridge” to long‐term ART. Uninfected partners in HIV serodiscordant couples were offered PrEP at baseline and encouraged to discontinue once infected partners had taken ART for six months. We conducted 274 open‐ended interviews with 93 couples at two Ugandan research sites. Interviews took place one month after enrolment and at later points in the follow‐up period. Topics included are as follows: (1) discovery of serodiscordance; (2) decisions to accept/decline PrEP and/or ART; (3) PrEP and ART initiation; (4) experiences of using PrEP and ART; (5) PrEP discontinuation; (6) impact of PrEP and ART on the partnered relationship. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. We used an inductive, content analytic approach to characterize meanings of PrEP stemming from its effectiveness for HIV prevention. Relevant content was represented as descriptive categories.ResultsDiscovery of HIV serodiscordance resulted in fear of HIV transmission for couples, which led to loss of sexual intimacy in committed relationships, and to abandonment of plans for children. As a result, partners became alienated from each other. PrEP countered the threat to the relationship by reducing fear and reinstating hopes of having children together. Condom use worked against the re‐establishment of intimacy and closeness. By increasing couples’ sense of protection against HIV infection and raising the prospect of a return to “live sex” (sex without condoms), PrEP was perceived by couples as solving the problem of serodiscordance and preserving committed relationships.ConclusionsThe most effective demand creation strategies for PrEP may be those that address the everyday life priorities of potential users in addition to HIV prevention.Clinical Trial NumberNCT02775929
Transformational leadership and creativity: A meta‐analytic review and identification of an integrated model
Authors: Koh Dohyoung , Lee Kyootai , Joshi Kailash 
Published: January 2019

SummaryWe conduct a meta‐analytic review that yields important insights about the existing research on transformational leadership and creativity. Additionally, we propose and test an integrated model using meta‐analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) and full information MASEM (FIMASEM) techniques to better understand the intervening mechanism through which transformational leadership acts on creativity. The results of the meta‐analysis of 127 studies show that most of the bivariate relationships among transformational leadership, employee creativity, and pre‐identified mediators are significant; further, geographic base of studies significantly moderates some of the relationships. The MASEM results indicate that several mediators intervene in the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity. Although the total effect of transformational leadership on creativity is positive, its direct effect is negative when mediators are included. Additionally, there are significant relationships among the mediators that can be theoretically supported, but have not been investigated in prior transformational leadership and creativity studies. On the basis of these findings, we provide conclusions and directions for future studies.
Statistical shape modeling of femur shape variability in female patients with hip dysplasia
Authors: Gaffney Brecca M. M. , Hillen Travis J. , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Clohisy John C. , Harris Michael D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough increasing evidence suggests that abnormal femur geometry in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may contribute to intra‐articular damage and the development of hip osteoarthritis, a comprehensive 3D description of femoral abnormalities in DDH remains incomplete. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) was used to quantify three‐dimensional (3D) geometric variation among femurs in female patients with DDH and control subjects. SSM correspondence points (n = 8,192) were placed on each femur using a gradient descent energy function to derive mean DDH and control femoral shapes and principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to describe shape variation. PCA results were associated with common 2D radiographic measures of femur shape using general linear models. For patients with DDH, the first eight principal components (modes) captured 90.9% of the cumulative variance accounted for (VAF). Notably, mode 2 captured 23.6% VAF and described variation in femoral version, the neck‐shaft angle, and femoral neck length, while mode 3 captured 16.4% VAF and described variation in femoral version, femoral head size, and femoral offset. SSM captured complex geometric deformities in DDH, which may not be fully described by 2D measures of the acetabulum and proximal femur alone. By determining the primary shape variations among femurs in cases of DDH, SSM may further understanding of pathologies on the femoral side of dysplastic hips, in context with more commonly recognized acetabular deformities. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Ambit‐GCM: An Open‐source Software Tool for Group Contribution Modelling
Authors: Kochev Nikolay , Paskaleva Vesselina , Pukalov Ognyan , Jeliazkova Nina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmbit‐GCM is a new software tool for group contribution modelling (GCM), developed as a part of the chemoinformatics platform AMBIT. It is an open‐source tool distributed under LGPL license, written in Java and based on the Chemistry Development Kit. Ambit‐GCM provides an environment for creating models of molecular properties using additive schemes of zero, first or second orders. Ambit‐GCM supports a set of local atomic attributes used for dynamic configuration of desired atom descriptions, which are applied to define fragments of different sizes. All defined groups are exhaustively generated for each molecule from a training set of compounds and combined to form the basic set of GCM fragments. Additionally, Ambit‐GCM users can define correction factors via custom SMARTS notations or add externally calculated molecular descriptors. A molecular property model is obtained as a sum over all found groups by multiplying each group or correction factor frequency to its corresponding contribution. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) is used for group contributions calculation. Ambit‐GCM performs full statistical characterization of the obtained MLRA models via various validation techniques: external tests validation, cross validation, y‐scrambling, etc. The software can be optionally used only for molecule fragmentation combined with an external statistical modelling package for further processing. Ambit‐GCM example usage and test cases are given.
The Revised D‐A‐CH‐Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B12: Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond
Authors: Ströhle Alexander , Richter Margrit , González‐Gross Marcela , Neuhäuser‐Berthold Monika , Wagner Karl‐Heinz , Leschik‐Bonnet Eva , Egert Sarah ,   for the German Nutrition Society (DGE)
Published: January 2019

ScopeThe nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are the joint editors of the “D‐A‐CH reference values for nutrient intake”, which are revised regularly.Methods and ResultsBy reviewing vitamin‐B12‐related biomarker studies, the reference values for vitamin B12 were revised in 2018. For adults, the estimated intake is based on the adequate serum concentrations of holotranscobalamin and methylmalonic acid. The estimated values for children and adolescents are extrapolated from the adult reference value by considering differences in body mass, an allometric exponent, and growth factors. For infants below 4 months of age, an estimated value is set based on the vitamin B12 intake via breast milk. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the fetus and for loss via breast milk. The estimated values for vitamin B12 intake for infants, children, and adolescents range from 0.5 to 4.0 µg d−1. For adults, the estimated values are set at 4.0 µg d−1, and for pregnant and lactating women, they are set at 4.5 and 5.5 µg d−1, respectively.ConclusionBased on the data of several vitamin B12 status biomarkers studies, the reference value for vitamin B12 intake for adults is raised from 3.0 to 4.0 µg d−1.