bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Induces Functional and Structural Plasticity in Dopamine D1 Receptor‐Expressing Neurons of the Dorsomedial Striatum
Authors: Cheng Yifeng , Wang Xuehua , Wei Xiaoyan , Xie Xueyi , Melo Sebastian , Miranda Rajesh C. , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of hyperactivity in children. Excitation of dopamine D1 receptor‐expressing medium spiny neurons (D1‐MSNs) of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region that controls voluntary behavior, is known to induce hyperactivity in mice. We therefore hypothesized that PAE‐linked hyperactivity was due to persistently altered glutamatergic activity in DMS D1‐MSNs.MethodsFemale Ai14 tdTomato reporter mice were given access to alcohol in an intermittent access, 2‐bottle choice paradigm before pregnancy, and following mating with male D1‐Cre mice, through the pregnancy period, and until postnatal day (P) 10. Locomotor activity was tested in juvenile (P21) and adult (P133) offspring, and alcohol‐conditioned place preference (CPP) was measured in adult offspring. Glutamatergic activity in DMS D1‐MSNs of adult PAE and control mice was measured by slice electrophysiology, followed by measurements of dendritic morphology.ResultsOur voluntary maternal alcohol consumption model resulted in increased locomotor activity in juvenile PAE mice, and this hyperactivity was maintained into adulthood. Furthermore, PAE resulted in a higher alcohol‐induced CPP in adult offspring. Glutamatergic activity onto DMS D1‐MSNs was also enhanced by PAE. Finally, PAE increased dendritic complexity in DMS D1‐MSNs in adult offspring.ConclusionsOur model of PAE does result in persistent hyperactivity in offspring. In adult PAE offspring, hyperactivity is accompanied by potentiated glutamatergic strength and afferent connectivity in DMS D1‐MSNs, an outcome that is also consistent with the observed increase in alcohol preference in PAE offspring. Consequently, a PAE‐sensitive circuit, centered within the D1‐MSN, may be linked to behavioral outcomes of PAE.
Change in DSM‐5 Alcohol Use Disorder Criteria Count and Severity Level as a Treatment Outcome Indicator: Results from a Randomized Trial
Authors: Kiluk Brian D. , Frankforter Tami L. , Cusumano Michelle , Nich Charla , Carroll Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundMost clinical trials evaluating treatments for alcohol use target individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but few address change in diagnostic status following treatment or as a potential outcome indicator. This study evaluated whether DSM‐5 AUD total criteria count or severity category was sensitive to change over time and treatment effects.MethodsData were drawn from a randomized clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy of computer‐based cognitive behavioral therapy program (CBT4CBT) for AUD. Sixty‐eight individuals were randomized to 1 of the 3 weekly outpatient treatments for an 8‐week period: (i) treatment as usual (TAU), (ii) TAU+CBT4CBT, and (iii) CBT4CBT+brief monitoring. Structured clinical interviews were used to determine current (past 30 days) AUD diagnosis at baseline, end‐of‐treatment, and 6 months following end‐of‐treatment. Change in the total number of DSM criteria endorsed, as well as severity categories (mild, moderate, severe), was evaluated across time and by treatment condition.ResultsGeneralized Poisson's linear mixed models revealed a significant reduction in the number of DSM criteria from baseline to treatment end point [time effect χ2(1) = 35.54, p < 0.01], but no significant interactions between time and treatment condition. Fewer total criteria endorsed, as well as achieving at least a 2‐level reduction in AUD severity category at end‐of‐treatment, were associated with better outcomes during follow‐up. Chi‐square results indicated a greater proportion of individuals assigned to TAU+CBT4CBT had at least a 2‐level reduction in severity category compared to TAU, at trend‐level significance [χ2(2, 54) = 5.13, p = 0.07], consistent with primary alcohol use outcomes in the main trial.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate change in DSM‐5 AUD total criteria count, as well as severity category, in a randomized clinical trial. These findings offer support for their use as a potential clinically meaningful outcome indicator.
Morphology of theOligoryzomys nigripesrespiratory system
Authors: Mario Lara Carolina , Borghesi Jéssica , G. Hayashi Rafael , O. Favaron Phelipe , N. Rodrigues Marcio , C. Carvalho Rafael , Miglino Maria A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRodents are important in the transmission of infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract, including simple infections and those caused by specific pathogens. These animals are natural reservoirs of zoonoses that cause many public health diseases. Basic knowledge on the morphology of these animals is important as basic research is useful for applied studies, such as the development of clinical, therapeutic, surgical and clinical models. Morphological data of respiratory tract inOligoryzomys nigripesare absent in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a morphological analysis of the respiratory tract ofO. nigripes. Five adult females from the environmental reserve in São Joaquim da Barra, São Paulo were used, donated to the Museum of Veterinary Anatomy (FMVZ/USP). Several morphological features follow the same pattern seen in rodents; however, this species showed some differences such as the presence of three lobar bronchi, nonlobed left lung and the right lung constituted by two lobes. Respiratory epithelium lined the whole respiratory tract and was seen using scanning electron microscopy the oval shape of the parenchyma and alveoli.
The ability of a real‐time injection pressure monitoring system to discriminate between perineural and intraneural injection of the sciatic nerve in fresh cadavers
Authors: Saporito A. , Quadri C. , Capdevila X. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryInjection pressure monitoring provides valuable information to prevent intraneural injections and possibly consequent nerve damage during peripheral nerve block. However, the measurement of injection pressure along the injection line is inaccurate as it is influenced by several variables. The aim of this study was to test a new system for precise injection pressure monitoring at the needle tip in a cadaveric model. The system consists of a miniaturised pressure sensor embedded within the needle shaft that is connected via an optical fibre to an external control unit. In order to test the capacity of the system to discriminate between perineural and intraneural injections, a total of 24 ultrasound‐guided injections at various locations of the sciatic nerve (12 perineural and 12 intraneural) were performed in fresh cadavers. The injections were delivered at a constant rate by an electronic pump (5 ml saline at 10 ml.min−1). Two perineural and two intraneural injections were excluded from analysis, since the operator could not confirm the exact needle‐tip location. Mean (SD) peak injection pressure was significantly lower for perineural compared with intraneural injections (14 (6) kPa vs. 131 (56) kPa; p < 0.001). This study shows that this system is a reliable method to accurately monitor injection pressure at the needle tip, allowing for discrimination between perineural and intraneural injections of the sciatic nerve in fresh cadavers.
Melatonin affects the motility and adhesiveness of in vitro capacitated boar spermatozoa via a mechanism that does not depend on intracellular ROS levels
Authors: Rocco Martina , Betarelli Rafael , Placci Anna , Fernández‐Novell Josep M. , Spinaci Marcella , Casao Adriana , Muiño‐Blanco Teresa , Cebrián‐Pérez José A. , Peña Alejandro , Rigau Teresa , Bonet Sergi , Castillo‐Martín Miriam , Yeste Marc , Rodríguez‐Gil Joan E. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis work sought to address the effects of melatonin during in vitro capacitation (IVC) and progesterone‐induced acrosome exocytosis (IVAE) in boar spermatozoa. With this purpose, two different experiments were set. In the first one, IVC and IVAE were induced in the absence or presence of melatonin, which was added either at the start of IVC or upon triggering the IVAE with progesterone. Different parameters were evaluated, including intracellular levels of peroxides and superoxides, free cysteine radicals and distribution of specific lectins. While melatonin neither affected most capacitation‐associated parameters nor IVAE, it dramatically decreased sperm motility, with a maximal effect at 5 μm. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of agglutinated spermatozoa, which was independent from noticeable changes in the distribution of lectins. Levels of free cysteine radicals were significantly lower in melatonin treatments than in the control after 4 h of incubation in capacitating medium. The second experiment evaluated the effects of melatonin on in vitro fertilising ability of boar spermatozoa. Spermatozoa previously subjected to IVC in the presence of 1 μm melatonin and used for in vitro fertilisation exhibited less ability to bind the zona pellucida (ZP) and higher percentages of monospermy. In conclusion, melatonin affects sperm motility and the stability of nucleoprotein structure and also modulates the ability of in vitro capacitated boar spermatozoa to bind the oocyte ZP. However, such effects do not seem to be related to either its antioxidant properties or changes in the sperm glycocalix.
Children's abilities to communicate with both parents in infancy were related to their social competence at the age of 15
Authors: Hedenbro Monica , Rydelius Per‐Anders 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimStudies of children's early ability to communicate have mainly focused on mother‐child dyads. That is why this study analysed the long‐term effects of triadic interactions involving both parents.MethodThis prospective pilot study monitored child‐mother‐father communication in 19 families from the general population in Sweden using the standardised Lausanne Trilogue Play method in a video studio. The families and their first‐born child were initially followed from three months to 48 months of age. Preschool teachers assessed the children at the age of four using the Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire and then their teachers assessed the subjects at the age of 15 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Early communication was analysed in relation to the children's social competence at the age of 15.ResultsThe child's skills in initiating turn‐taking sequences and their parents’ responses to this correlated with the child's social competence at the age of four, as reported in a previous study from our group, and at the age of 15, as reported here.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that stimulating children's capacity to initiate turn‐taking sequences in infancy improved their social competence at the age of 15, confirming positive results at four years of age.
Smoking in pregnancy is a key factor for sudden infant death among Māori
Authors: MacFarlane M , Thompson J M D , Zuccollo J , McDonald G , Elder D , Stewart A W , Lawton B , Percival T , Baker N , Schlaud M , Fleming P , Taylor B , Mitchell E A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) disparity between Māori and non‐Māori in New Zealand.MethodsA nationwide prospective case–control study ran from March 2012 to February 2015. Exposure to established SUDI risk factors was analysed to investigate the disparity experienced by Māori. Infant ethnicity was based on mother's ethnicity. Māori ethnicity was prioritised. Non‐Māori includes Pacific, Asian, NZ European and Other.ResultsThere were 137 cases and 649 controls. The Māori SUDI rate was 1.41/1000 live births compared to 0.53/1000 for non‐Māori. Parents/caregivers of 132 cases (96%) and 258 controls (40%) were interviewed. Smoking in pregnancy was associated with an equally increased SUDI risk for Māori (adjusted OR = 8.11, 95% CI = 2.64, 24.93) and non‐Māori (aOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.79, 14.47), as was bed‐sharing (aOR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.49, 9.00 vs aOR = 11.20, 95% CI = 3.46, 36.29). Bed‐sharing prevalence was similar; however, more Māori controls smoked during pregnancy (46.7%) than non‐Māori (22.8%). The main contributor relating to increased SUDI risk for Māori/non‐Māori infants is the combination of smoking in pregnancy and bed sharing.ConclusionThe association between known SUDI risk factors, including bed sharing and/or smoking in pregnancy and SUDI risk, is the same regardless of ethnicity. Māori infants are exposed more frequently to both behaviours because of the higher Māori smoking rate.
Laparoscopic diagnosis of retrograde peristalsis and intussusception in Roux‐en‐Y limb after laparoscopic gastrectomy: A case report
Authors: Yoshiyama Shigeyuki , Toiyama Yuji , Ichikawa Takashi , Shimura Tadanobu , Yasuda Hiromi , Hiro Jun‐ichiro , Ohi Masaki , Araki Toshimitsu , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cause of jejunojejunal intussusception, a rare complication after Roux‐en‐Y gastric surgery, remains unclear. Here, we present a case of retrograde jejunojejunal intussusception that occurred after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction. A 51‐year‐old woman who had undergone laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer 6 years previously was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. Abdominal CT revealed the “target sign,” and she was diagnosed as having small bowel intussusception. Laparoscopic surgery resulted in a diagnosis of retrograde intussusception of the distal jejunum of the Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis with retrograde peristalsis in the same area. The Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis site and intussuscepted segment were resected laparoscopically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic diagnosis of retrograde peristalsis in the distal jejunum of a Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis. Additionally, relevant published reports concerning this unusual condition are discussed.
Adjunctive thyroid hormone treatment in rapid cycling bipolar disorder: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of levothyroxine (L‐T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Authors: Walshaw Patricia D , Gyulai Laszlo , Bauer Michael , Bauer Mark S , Calimlim Brian , Sugar Catherine A , Whybrow Peter C 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThis report describes the first comparative double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of levothyroxine (L‐T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) as adjunctive treatments in rapid cycling bipolar disorder.MethodsThirty‐two treatment‐resistant, rapid cycling patients who had failed a trial of lithium were randomized into three treatment arms: L‐T4, T3, or placebo. They were followed for ≥4 months with weekly clinical and endocrine assessments.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age, gender, duration of illness, or thyroid status. Markov chain analyses were employed to assess treatment effects on cycling patterns among mood states (euthymia, depression, mania, and mixed). Within groups, post‐treatment the L‐T4 group spent significantly less time depressed or in a mixed state and greater time euthymic. The T3 and placebo groups did not differ significantly pre‐ and post‐treatment in any mood state, although the pattern of effects was the same for the T3 group as for the L‐T4 group. Between groups, the L‐T4 group had a significantly greater increase in time euthymic and decrease in time in the mixed state than the placebo group. Other group differences were not significant, although they were in the expected direction.ConclusionsThe findings in this first double‐blind study directly comparing the effects of L‐T4 and T3 therapy against placebo provide evidence for the benefit of adjunctive L‐T4 in alleviating resistant depression, reducing time in mixed states and increasing time euthymic. Adjunctive T3 did not show statistically significant evidence of benefit over placebo in reducing the time spent in disturbed mood states.
Semiparametric Regression Analysis of Interval-Censored Data with Informative Dropout
Authors: Gao Fei , Zeng Donglin , Lin Dan-Yu 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Interval-censored data arise when the event time of interest can only be ascertained through periodic examinations. In medical studies, subjects may not complete the examination schedule for reasons related to the event of interest. In this article, we develop a semiparametric approach to adjust for such informative dropout in regression analysis of interval-censored data. Specifically, we propose a broad class of joint models, under which the event time of interest follows a transformation model with a random effect and the dropout time follows a different transformation model but with the same random effect. We consider nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation and develop an EM algorithm that involves simple and stable calculations. We prove that the resulting estimators of the regression parameters are consistent, asymptotically normal, and asymptotically efficient with a covariance matrix that can be consistently estimated through profile likelihood. In addition, we show how to consistently estimate the survival function when dropout represents voluntary withdrawal and the cumulative incidence function when dropout is an unavoidable terminal event. Furthermore, we assess the performance of the proposed numerical and inferential procedures through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we provide an application to data on the incidence of diabetes from a major epidemiological cohort study.
Exploring family members' experiences of the Assessment and Treatment Unit supporting their relative
Authors: Williamson Hannah , Meddings Susanne 
Published: June 2018

Accessible summary

It is important to ask people who use services and their families about their experience of care, and to make service changes in line with what they want/need.

We asked four parents of adults with learning disabilities what they liked, disliked, and would like to be different about the ward (Assessment and Treatment Unit) where their relative was staying.

We summarised what these parents said and shared it with families and the staff team.

We want to use what they said to improve our service.

AbstractBackgroundLearning disability services must include the people who use them (individuals and their families/carers) in service commissioning, planning and delivery (Department of Health 2012. Transforming care: A national response to Winterbourne View Hospital. Department of Health review: Final report). One group of important stakeholders in learning disability services are the family members and carers of people with a learning disability. The aim of this study was to explore how family members experienced their involvement with one Assessment and Treatment Unit, with a view to shaping future service developments.Materials and MethodsQualitative methods were employed to explore family members' lived experiences. Four participants, all parents of service users, took part in semi‐structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis elicited four master themes under which subordinate themes clustered. The master themes were as follows: “Admission as traumatic, a relief, or both,” “Negotiating a new role,” “Valued features of the unit” and “Negative experiences.”ConclusionsThe findings have implications for learning disability services and future research. Findings are discussed with relevance to strengths, limitations, wider literature and policies driving learning disability services.
Wahlenbergfjord, eastern Svalbard: a glacier‐surrounded fjord reflecting regional hydrographic variability during the Holocene?
Authors: Bartels Martin , Titschack Jürgen , Fahl Kirsten , Stein Rüdiger , Hebbeln Dierk 
Published: June 2018

Exceptionally high sedimentation rates in Arctic fjords provide the possibility to reconstruct environmental conditions in high temporal resolution during the (pre‐)Holocene. The unique geographical location of Svalbard at the intersection of Arctic and Atlantic waters offers the opportunity to estimate local (mainly glacier‐related) vs. regional (hydrographic) variabilities. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and geochemical data from the very remote, glacier‐surrounded Wahlenbergfjord in eastern Svalbard provides information on glacier dynamics, palaeoceanographic and sea‐ice conditions during the Holocene. The present study illustrates a high meltwater discharge during the summer insolation maximum (c. 11.3–7.7 ka) when the intrusion of upwelled relatively warm Atlantic‐derived waters led to an almost open fjord situation with reduced sea ice in summer. Around 7.7 ka, a rapid hydrographic shift occurred: the dominance of inflowing Atlantic‐derived waters was replaced by a stronger influence of Arctic Water reflecting regional palaeoceanographic conditions evident in the benthic foraminiferal fauna also at Svalbard's margins. Neoglacial conditions characterized the late Holocene (c. 3.1–0.2 ka), when glaciers probably advanced as cold atmospheric temperatures were decoupled from the advection of relatively warm intermediate waters probably caused by an extending sea‐ice coverage. Accordingly, our data show that even a remote, glacier‐proximal study site reflects rapid as well as longer‐term regional changes.
Tonantzitlolone is a nanomolar potency activator of transient receptor potential canonical 1/4/5 channels
Authors: Rubaiy Hussein N , Ludlow Melanie J , Siems Karsten , Norman Katherine , Foster Richard , Wolf Dietmar , Beutler John A , Beech David J 
Published: June 2018

Background and PurposeThe diterpene ester tonantzitlolone (TZL) is a natural product, which displays cytotoxicity towards certain types of cancer cell such as renal cell carcinoma cells. The effect is similar to that of (‐)‐englerin A, and so, although it is chemically distinct, we investigated whether TZL also targets transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels of the 1, 4 and 5 type (TRPC1/4/5 channels).Experimental ApproachThe effects of TZL on renal cell carcinoma A498 cells natively expressing TRPC1 and TRPC4, modified HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC4‐TRPC1 or TRPC5‐TRPC1 concatemer, TRPC3 or TRPM2, or CHO cells overexpressing TRPV4 were studied by determining changes in intracellular Ca2+, or whole‐cell or excised membrane patch‐clamp electrophysiology.Key ResultsTZL induced an elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in A498 cells, similar to that evoked by englerin A. TZL activated overexpressed channels with EC50 values of 123 nM (TRPC4), 83 nM (TRPC5), 140 nM (TRPC4‐TRPC1) and 61 nM (TRPC5‐TRPC1). These effects of TZL were reversible on wash‐out and potently inhibited by the TRPC1/4/5 inhibitor Pico145. TZL activated TRPC5 channels when bath‐applied to excised outside‐out but not inside‐out patches. TZL failed to activate endogenous store‐operated Ca2+ entry or overexpressed TRPC3, TRPV4 or TRPM2 channels in HEK 293 cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsTZL is a novel potent agonist for TRPC1/4/5 channels, which should be useful for testing the functionality of this type of ion channel and understanding how TRPC1/4/5 agonists achieve selective cytotoxicity against certain types of cancer cell.