bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm surge, seawater flooding, and sea-level rise paradoxically drive fresh surface water expansion
Authors: Cantelon Julia A , Kurylyk Barret L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coastal storms and sea-level rise (SLR) are expected to increase seawater flooding in low-elevation coastal zones. High sea levels and seawater flooding can drive groundwater table rise via ocean-aquifer connections. These dynamics are often overlooked but can cause groundwater flooding and salinization hazards, increasing freshwater security challenges for coastal communities and driving ecosystem transgressions. Field data and numerical modeling were used to evaluate how heavy rainfall, storm surge, and seawater flooding and infiltration during Hurricane Fiona (September 2022) and projected SLR impact groundwater levels, inland surface waters, and saltwater intrusion on Sable Island National Park Reserve, Canada. During the passage of Hurricane Fiona, precipitation increased groundwater and pond levels before seawater flooded the beach. Seawater flooding and infiltration caused a sharp rise in beach groundwater levels, which in turn caused inland pond levels to rise without coincident direct inputs from precipitation or seawater. Model simulations reveal that seawater infiltration on beaches flooded the subsurface and drove the observed inland groundwater rise and freshwater pond expansion. Simulations of projected SLR show that seawater flooding will only inundate a small area of land along the coast; however, inland groundwater rise and flooding, which is less well-studied, may inundate up to 30 times more land area. Further, groundwater flooding driven by rising sea levels decreases hydraulic gradients and increases saltwater intrusion via freshwater lens (FWL) contraction. Findings demonstrate that seawater flooding from coastal storms and SLR paradoxically cause concurrent fresh surface water expansion but FWL contraction. This study provides new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of island freshwater resources and highlights that unseen and often overlooked groundwater-surface water exchanges are critical to consider when evaluating coastal flooding and groundwater salinization hazards and management strategies for low-elevation coastlines.
Correlating FDM printing parameters with mechanical properties and surface quality of PLA printouts
Authors: Ghaffar Asim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the correlation between four critical Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) parameters—extrusion temperature, layer height, print speed, and infill density—and the mechanical properties and surface quality of PLA (Polylactic Acid) printouts. The mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and bending strength, were evaluated alongside surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. The results indicate that extrusion temperatures between 200 °C and 220 °C optimize mechanical performance, enhancing tensile strength and bending strength, while smaller layer heights (0.1 mm) improve surface smoothness but increase print time. Moderate print speeds (around 60 mm s−1) offer the best balance between strength and efficiency, while higher infill densities (above 80%) enhance mechanical properties, increasing both tensile and bending strength by up to 25%. These findings provide key insights into optimizing FDM printing parameters to achieve improved structural integrity and aesthetic quality in PLA prints.
Introduction
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The introduction presents the main historical informants for the study, people referred to in the book as “mad writers,” and outlines the main contentions of the book. Despite the limitations of their work, mad writers are essential, yet underutilized, historical informants who provide an important perspective on madness and the rise of the asylum system in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century United States. They submitted memorials to state legislatures and appeared before investigative committees. They wrote letters, printed and sold pamphlets, and published magazine and newspaper articles and books. Recovering their stories and opening them to historical study not only reveals mad people’s experiences but also provides a richer understanding of the role of mad writers and their allies in shaping dominant relations of care and popular conceptualizations of madness. Instead of dismissing or discounting the work of mad writers, historians should read mad writing for everything it reveals.
Exposing Abuses
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Although they were portrayed by asylum physicians, and by later historians, as unreliable sources, as polemical, or as excited or aggrieved, former inmates who wrote in the nineteenth century held complex, nuanced, and sometimes conflicting views about the treatment they received in the nation’s asylums. Their work both reflected and fueled the desire among the broader public to expose asylum abuses and helped mold isolated accounts of abuse into larger narratives about citizenship and the role of the state and the rising power of physicians in people’s lives. Sensational accounts of asylum abuses captured headlines and public attention, but it was the decades-long efforts of current and former inmates and their allies that bolstered mounting efforts to reform asylums in the nineteenth century.
Reckoning with Physicians
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the nineteenth century drew to a close, public pressure to reform asylums continued to mount. In response to that pressure, some turn-of-the-century physicians embarked on a campaign to transform asylums into modern mental hospitals and create new systems of classification of mental troubles. Mad writers, who continued to call for asylum reform in the early twentieth century, adapted to this changing environment by aligning themselves with sympathetic physicians and adopting some of their nosological inventions. Most mad writers stopped short, however, of a wholly uncritical alliance with physicians and mental medicine. They continued to find their own ways to think about their mental troubles and distress and, through their writing, worked to influence both popular and professional notions of madness.
Surviving Treatments
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For mad writers, hospitalization was a trying experience that involved unceasing surveillance, debilitating routine, overbearing monotony, and often arduous and frightening physical interventions at the hands of physicians, nurses, and attendants. Although mad people who possessed the economic and cultural resources to do so looked to scientific medicine, to physicians, and to the hospital as a source of relief and cure for their mental troubles, they often found the interventions they encountered both unbearable and ineffective. Mad people who became deeply dissatisfied with asylum treatments used their writing to convey its inner workings to the reading public with the hope that it would bolster support for “patients’ rights” and lasting change to the asylum system.
Experimental support for partial compensation, not matched, partner response rules in blue tits
Authors: Bründl Aisha C , Lejeune Léa A , Deshpande Purabi , Mulvey Jessica E , Thiney Alice C , Chaine Alexis S , Russell Andrew F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Outcomes of theoretical models on conflict resolution between investing partners in bi-parental care systems typically predict "partial compensation" or "matched" response rules, depending on underlying assumptions. Further, although experimental tests in birds suggest that care levels by pair members are largely associated with partial compensation responses, this outcome partly depends on the type of experiment used and its effects on model assumptions. To elucidate support for both the underlying assumptions and predictions of models predicting partner compensation versus matching, we performed temporary, bi-directional brood size manipulations during late nestling provisioning in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in the French Pyrenees. We found support for assumptions of both compensation and matching models. For example, females spent more time with the brood than males, leading to potential information asymmetries on brood demand as expected by matching models. Nevertheless, both pair members changed their provisioning comparably in response to brood size manipulations, suggesting that pair members have comparable cost-benefit functions in response to variation in brood demand, as assumed under partial compensation models. Despite support for the underlying assumptions of both models, we primarily found support for predictions of partial compensation models in provisioning responses. Notably, modest changes by one member of the pair on experimental days were met with larger changes by the other, after controlling for brood size and provisioning rates on control days. Our results corroborate previous findings in blue tits using alternative experimental approaches. We suggest that future studies could benefit from understanding when partial compensation responses dominate matched ones, despite apparent asymmetries in information over brood demand.
Association between drugs and vaccines commonly prescribed to older people and bullous pemphigoid: a case–control study
Authors: Swiderski Mikolaj , Vinogradova Yana , Knaggs Roger D , Harman Karen , Harwood Rowan H , Prasad Vibhore , Persson Monica S M , Figueredo Grazziela , Layfield Carron , Gran Sonia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune skin disease that mainly affects older people. Based on case series and small hospital-based studies, a number of drugs have been associated with BP. More reliable and precise estimates of associations between a broad selection of drugs/vaccines and BP will enable greater awareness of any potential increased risk of BP following the administration of certain medicines and help identify clinical, histological and genomic characteristics of drug-induced BP for different culprit drugs. Greater awareness could lead to earlier recognition or suspicion of BP and referral to a dermatologist for diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis may lead to less aggressive treatment and improved wellbeing.

Objectives
To determine the association between drugs/vaccines commonly prescribed to older people and the risk of developing BP.

Methods
We conducted a population-based nested case–control study between 1998 and 2021 using electronic primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We matched patients with BP with up to five controls. Exposures were drugs/vaccines commonly prescribed to older people. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression adjusting for multiple drug use. For antibiotics, in a sensitivity analysis, we considered that drugs may be prescribed for undiagnosed symptoms of BP that resemble skin infection (protopathic bias).

Results
Antibiotics were associated with the highest risk of BP [odds ratio (OR) 4.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.40–4.80]. However, after adjusting for protopathic bias, the OR decreased to 2.08 (95% CI 1.99–2.17). Also, after adjusting for protopathic bias, of all the antibiotic classes and subclasses, penicillins [OR 3.44, 95% CI 3.29–3.60 (sensitivity analysis OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.66–1.84)] and penicillinase-resistant penicillins [OR 7.56, 95% CI 7.15–8.00 (sensitivity analysis OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.45–2.85)] had the strongest associations with BP risk. Other drugs strongly associated with increased risk were gliptins (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.37–3.23) and second-generation antipsychotics (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.20–3.03).

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals need to be aware of BP risk in older people, particularly when prescribing penicillinase-resistant penicillins, gliptins and second-generation antipsychotic drugs, to recognize and manage BP early. Owing to the low disease prevalence, we do not suggest avoiding certain drugs/vaccines to prevent BP. Further research should consider recency, dosage and duration of antibiotic treatments.
Perspectives of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Implementing Long-acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in Clinics and Community Settings in the United Kingdom: Results From the Antisexist, Antiracist, Antiageist Implementing Long-acting Novel Antiretrovirals Study
Authors: Orkin Chloe , Hayes Rosalie , Haviland Joanne , Wong Yuk Lam , Ring Kyle , Apea Vanessa , Kasadha Bakita , Clarke Emily , Byrne Ruth , Fox Julie , Barber Tristan J , Clarke Amanda , Paparini Sara ,   For the ILANA study Group, Ullah Sadna , Halim Nishat , Mwendera Chikondi , Hand James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The equity-focused Implementing Long-Acting Novel Antiretrovirals study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness of delivering on-label 2-monthly cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB + RPV) injections for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 therapy in clinics and community settings.

Methods
The study, which mandated inclusive recruitment, was conducted May–December 2022 at 6 UK sites. Injections were delivered in clinic (month [M] 1–6) and in clinic or community setting according to patient choice (M6–12). Surveys were completed at baseline, M4, and M12 using validated measures for feasibility (FIM), acceptability (AIM), and appropriateness (IAM). Primary endpoint: proportion of participants agreeing that the injection and community setting were feasible (FIM ≥4) at M12. Fourteen participants completed interviews at baseline and M12.

Results
Community settings offered by sites included: home visits (n = 3), HIV support organizations (n = 2), and community clinic (n = 1). Of 114 participants, 54% were female, 70% racially minoritized, and 40% aged ≥50 years. A total of 27/114 chose to receive injections in community settings. FIM/AIM/IAM scores at M12 were high for the injection (79.0–87.4%) and lower for the community setting (44.2–47.4%) overall. Subgroup analyses indicated differences in scores by gender and ethnicity. Among those who attended the community, FIM/AIM/IAM scores for the community setting at M12 were high (73.1–80.8%). Concerns about stigma, inconvenience, and losing access to trusted clinicians negatively influenced perceptions of receiving injections at community settings, amongst other factors.

Conclusions
CAB + RPV injections were considered highly feasible, acceptable, and appropriate; however, few chose community delivery. Those that chose community delivery found it highly acceptable and feasible. Further exploration of CAB + RPV delivery in alternative community sites not offered (eg, primary care, pharmacies) is warranted.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05294159
Patient characteristics and clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction related cardiogenic shock according to vascular access site for PCI
Authors: Peters E , Bogerd M , Ten Berg S , Timmermans M J C , Engstrom A E , Thiele H , Jung C , Schrage B , Sjauw K D , Verouden C J W , Teeuwen K , Dedic A , Danse P W , Claessen B E P M , Henriques J P S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background / Introduction
The optimal vascular access site for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) remains uncertain. While observational data favor trans-radial access (TRA) due to lower complication rates and mortality, trans-femoral (TFA) PCI offers advantages such as shorter access and procedure times, along with quicker escalation to mechanical circulatory support (MCS).

Purpose
In this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with a transfemoral approach and compare mortality rates between TRA and TFA in AMI-CS patients undergoing PCI.

Methods
Data from a nationwide registry of AMI-CS patients undergoing PCI (2017-2021) were analyzed. We compared patient demographics, procedural details, and outcomes between TRA and TFA groups. Logistic regression identified access site factors and radial-to-femoral cross-over predictors. Propensity score matched (PSM) analysis examined the impact of access site on mortality.

Results
Of 1562 patients, 45% underwent TRA PCI, with an increasing trend over time. TFA patients were more often female, had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), lower blood pressure, higher resuscitation and intubation rates, and elevated lactate levels. After PSM, 30-day mortality was lower in TRA (33% vs. 46%, p &lt;0.001). Predictors for cross-over included left coronary artery interventions, multivessel PCI, and MCS initiation.

Conclusion
Significant differences exist between TRA and TFA PCI in AMI-CS. TFA was more common in patients with worse hemodynamics and was associated with higher 30-day mortality compared to TRA. TRA should be the default access, given its feasibility and favorable outcomes in many patients.Baseline characteristicsPredictors for femoral access
Serum potassium levels and in-hospital mortality in distinct phenotypes of myocardial infarction patients by machine learning clustering
Authors: Park S W , Park G M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Abnormal serum potassium levels are associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with myocardial infarction (MI); however, it is unclear whether the impact of potassium levels on mortality risk varies depending on the characteristics of MI patients.

Purpose
We aimed to classify MI patients according to their clinical characteristics and explore the relationship between potassium levels and in-hospital mortality in distinct clusters of MI.

Methods
Using Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) IV database, we identified 3,159 patients who admitted for the first time to the intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of acute MI. Machine learning clustering was performed on this population based on available clinical and laboratory data.

Results
Three distinct clusters of MI patients were identified using clustering analysis: 1,455 (46%) in cluster 1, 587 (19%) in cluster 2, and 1,117 (35%) in cluster 3. Patients in cluster 2 were older, had the highest comorbidity burden, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, peak lactate, creatinine, peak troponin, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and the lowest hemoglobin levels among the 3 clusters. Patients in cluster 3 were younger, had the lowest comorbidity burden, SOFA score, peak lactate, creatinine, NT-proBNP levels. Patients belonging to cluster 1 had clinical characteristics intermediate to those of cluster 2 and 3, except for the lowest troponin level. In-hospital mortality was highest in cluster 2, followed by cluster 1 and then cluster 3. Patients in cluster 2 had the highest in-hospital mortality risk with hypokalemia (OR 3.71, 95% 1.81­­-7.63) and patients in cluster 3 had highest in-hospital mortality risk with hyperkalemia (OR 2.77, 95% CI 0.84-9.06). Patients in cluster 1 did not exhibit a linearly increasing mortality with hyperkalemia.

Conclusions
The use of clustering analysis in patients with acute MI could characterize baseline clinical data into clinically distinct clusters with different in-hospital mortality across the dyskalemia continuum. The results suggest that the optimal range of potassium levels in patients with MI may vary depending on patient characteristics.Figure - clusteringTable - K and In-hospital mortality
Classification of 90-day mortality risk among patients with cardiogenic shock requiring advanced mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Nakayama T , Unoki T , Anai M , Inamori T , Sato T , Oimatsu Y , Konami Y , Inoue M , Horio E , Kodama K , Taguchi E , Sakamoto T , Nakao K , Koyama J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The SCAI shock classification aims to provide a simple and practical stratification of the severity of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) and to immediately offer them crucial treatments such as mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Additionally, the IABP shock II risk score is designed to predict 30-day mortality in patients with CS following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and the SAVE score can also predict in-hospital mortality for patients after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) insertion due to refractory CS. However, previous studies on SCAI staging in patients with MCS have been inconsistent, and the association with prognosis remains unclear.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the SCAI shock stage and prognosis in ACS patients requiring advanced MCS, and to compare it with other prognostic scores.

Methods
From January 2012 to July 2023, 137 ACS patients with advanced MCS (excluding IABP) were evaluated. Upon ICU admission, patients were categorized into SCAI stages B to E. The IABP shock II score and the SAVE score were also calculated to serve as prognostic tools. The type of MCS was categorized as Impella, VA-ECMO with IABP, and ECPELLA (VA-ECMO with Impella). We compared the 90-day survival rates with the SCAI shock stage and other prognostic tools.

Result
The distribution for SCAI classifications stage B to E was 13 (10%), 38 (28%), 21 (15%), and 65 (47%), respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups regarding age, gender, comorbidities, the ratio of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, door-to-balloon time, and onset-to-reperfusion time. In SCAI Stage E, a significantly higher proportion of patients (86%) underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, exhibiting elevated lactate and peak CK-MB levels, along with higher IABP Shock II and lower SAVE scores, compared to other stages. A Kaplan-Meier analysis of 90-day mortality, based on the SCAI, the IABP Shock II, the SAVE categories, and the type of MCS, demonstrated that outcomes deteriorated as the stage advanced across all classifications. In the univariate Cox regression analysis for 90-day mortality, significant differences in outcomes were observed across the four classifications. However, in the multivariate Cox regression analysis that incorporated all four classifications, only the type of MCS (Impella vs. ECMO with IABP; hazard ratio [HR] 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 - 0.78, p = 0.012) and the SCAI classification (stage E vs. stage C; HR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.51 - 6.08, p = 0.002) demonstrated a significant association with 90-day mortality.

Conclusion
The SCAI shock stage upon ICU admission suggests the potential for convenient prediction of mid-term outcomes in ACS patients who received advanced MCS.