bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies
Authors: Palmer‐Young Evan C. , Farrell Iain W. , Adler Lynn S. , Milano Nelson J. , Egan Paul A. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Stevenson Philip C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFloral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen, the primary food rewards for pollinators, can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations of secondary chemistry exist for only a few species. Moreover, little is known about intraspecific variation in nectar and pollen chemical profiles. Because the ecological effects of secondary chemicals are dose‐dependent, heterogeneity across genotypes and populations could influence floral trait evolution and pollinator foraging ecology. To better understand within‐ and across‐species heterogeneity in nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, we undertook exhaustive LC‐MS and LC‐UV‐based chemical characterizations of nectar and pollen methanol extracts from 31 cultivated and wild plant species. Nectar and pollen were collected from farms and natural areas in Massachusetts, Vermont, and California, USA, in 2013 and 2014. For wild species, we aimed to collect 10 samples from each of three sites. For agricultural and horticultural species, we aimed for 10 samples from each of three cultivars. Our data set (1,535 samples, 102 identified compounds) identifies and quantifies each compound recorded in methanolic extracts, and includes chemical metadata that describe the molecular mass, retention time, and chemical classification of each compound. A reference phylogeny is included for comparative analyses. We found that each species possessed a distinct chemical profile; moreover, within species, few compounds were found in both nectar and pollen. The most common secondary chemical classes were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and amines, and chlorogenic acids. The most common compounds were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Pollens contained high concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl‐spermidine conjugates, mainly triscoumaroyl and trisferuloyl spermidine, found in 71% of species. When present, pollen alkaloids and spermidines had median nonzero concentrations of 23,000 μmol/L (median 52% of recorded micromolar composition). Although secondary chemistry was qualitatively consistent within each species and sample type, we found significant quantitative heterogeneity across cultivars and sites. These data provide a standard reference for future ecological and evolutionary research on nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, including its role in pollinator health and plant reproduction. Data are published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0 US) and may be freely used if properly cited.
Dust climatology of Mildura, Victoria, Australia: transport direction
Authors: Love Benjamin M. , Leys John F. , Strong Craig L. , McTainsh Grant H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLarge‐scale geomorphic drivers that operate at continental scale are often climate driven. Changes in land use can accelerate wind erosion. The range of land management practises within one land use can have dramatic effect on ground cover and wind erosion. This study uses meteorological observations, land use, land management and dust concentration measurements of 129 dust events recorded between 1990 and 2007 to describe a dust chronology of Mildura, in south‐eastern Australia. Frontal and frontal trough weather systems account for 74% of dust events. Furthermore, 88% of dust events come from rangelands in the northwest and the cropping lands to the southwest. The cropping areas to the southwest are the most common source of dust, accounting for 66% of events There is no relationship between rainfall and dust activity in this study, suggesting that land‐management practices, especially on cropping lands, over‐ride the controlling effect of rainfall. When cropping lands received above average rainfall in spring and summer during the 1990s, cultivation for weed control lead to rapid decline in ground cover that predisposed the land to wind erosion in following summer and autumn. In drought years, dust blows into Mildura from all directions suggesting that dust is climate driven rather than controlled by land use. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blockade of microglial adenosine A2A receptor suppresses elevated pressure‐induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in retinal cells
Authors: Aires Inês Dinis , Boia Raquel , Rodrigues‐Neves Ana Catarina , Madeira Maria Helena , Marques Carla , Ambrósio António Francisco , Santiago Ana Raquel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlaucoma is a retinal degenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and damage of the optic nerve. Recently, we demonstrated that antagonists of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) control retinal inflammation and afford protection to rat retinal cells in glaucoma models. However, the precise contribution of microglia to retinal injury was not addressed, as well as the effect of A2AR blockade directly in microglia. Here we show that blocking microglial A2AR prevents microglial cell response to elevated pressure and it is sufficient to protect retinal cells from elevated pressure‐induced death. The A2AR antagonist SCH 58261 or the knockdown of A2AR expression with siRNA in microglial cells prevented the increase in microglia response to elevated hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, in retinal neural cell cultures, the A2AR antagonist decreased microglia proliferation, as well as the expression and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators. Microglia ablation prevented neural cell death triggered by elevated pressure. The A2AR blockade recapitulated the effects of microglia depletion, suggesting that blocking A2AR in microglia is able to control neurodegeneration in glaucoma‐like conditions. Importantly, in human organotypic retinal cultures, A2AR blockade prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations in microglia triggered by elevated pressure. These findings place microglia as the main contributors for retinal cell death during elevated pressure and identify microglial A2AR as a therapeutic target to control retinal neuroinflammation and prevent neural apoptosis elicited by elevated pressure.
Inhibitor of growth 4 affects hypoxia‐induced migration and angiogenesis regulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Du Yang , Yang Xinyue , Gong Qiaoyun , Xu Zhixiang , Cheng Yan , Su Guanfang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), a potential tumor suppressor, is implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis. However, its effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate ING4 expression in normal and diabetic rats and clarify its effects on hypoxia‐induced dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE‐19) cells. A Type 1 diabetic model was generated by injecting rats intraperitoneally with streptozotocin and then killed them 4, 8, or 12 weeks later. ING4 expression in retinal tissue was detected using western blot analysis, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and immunohistochemistry assays. After transfection with an ING4 overexpression lentiviral vector or small interfering RNA (siRNA), ARPE‐19 migration under hypoxia was tested using wound healing and transwell assays. The angiogenic effect of conditioned medium (CM) from ARPE‐19 cells was examined by assessing human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) capillary tube formation. Additionally, western blot analysis and RT‐qPCR were performed to investigate the signaling pathways in which ING4, specificity protein 1 (Sp1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) were involved. Here, we found that ING4 expression was significantly reduced in the diabetic rats’ retinal tissue. Silencing ING4 aggravated hypoxia‐induced ARPE‐19 cell migration. CM collected from ING4 siRNA‐transfected ARPE‐19 cells under hypoxia promoted HREC angiogenesis. These effects were reversed by ING4 overexpression. Furthermore, ING4 suppressed MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF‐A expression in an Sp1‐dependent manner in hypoxia‐conditioned ARPE‐19 cells. Overall, our results provide valuable mechanistic insights into the protective effects of ING4 on hypoxia‐induced migration and angiogenesis regulation in ARPE‐19 cells. Restoring ING4 may be a novel strategy for treating DR.
Comparative analysis of avian hearts provides little evidence for variation among species with acquired endothermy
Authors: Kroneman Jelle G. H. , Faber Jaeike W. , Schouten Jacobine C.M. , Wolschrijn Claudia F. , Christoffels Vincent M. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMammals and birds acquired high performance hearts and endothermy during their independent evolution from amniotes with many sauropsid features. A literature review shows that the variation in atrial morphology is greater in mammals than in ectothermic sauropsids. We therefore hypothesized that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy was associated with greater variation in cardiac structure. We tested the hypothesis in 14 orders of birds by assessing the variation in 15 cardiac structures by macroscopic inspection and histology, with an emphasis on the atria as they have multiple features that lend themselves to quantification. We found bird hearts to have multiple features in common with ectothermic sauropsids (synapomorphies), such as the presence of three sinus horns. Convergent features were shared with crocodylians and mammals, such as the cranial offset of the left atrioventricular junction. Other convergent features, like the compact organization of the atrial walls, were shared with mammals only. Pacemaker myocardium, identified by Isl1 expression, was anatomically node‐like (Mallard), thickened (Chicken), or indistinct (Lesser redpoll, Jackdaw). Some features were distinctly avian, (autapomorphies) including the presence of a left atrial antechamber and the ventral merger of the left and right atrial auricles, which was found in some species of parrots and passerines. Most features, however, exhibited little variation. For instance, there were always three systemic veins and two pulmonary veins, whereas among mammals there are 2–3 and 1–7, respectively. Our findings suggest that the transition to high cardiac performance does not necessarily lead to a greater variation in cardiac structure.
Genetic variants involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis play a role in the susceptibility to frozen shoulder: A case‐control study
Authors: Cohen Carina , Leal Mariana F. , Loyola Leonor C. , Santos Sidney E. B. , Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos Ândrea K. C. , Belangero Paulo S. , Figueiredo Eduardo A. , Wajnsztejn Andre , de Oliveira Adrielle M. , Smith Marília C. , Andreoli Carlos V. , de Castro Pochini Alberto , Cohen Moises , Ejnisman Benno , Faloppa Flávio 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTFrozen shoulder is a condition of loss of active and passive motion as result of inflammatory contracture and fibrosis of the joint capsule. We hypothesize that genetic variants in genes involved in these processes such as genes that play a role in extracellular matrix homeostasis (collagens, glycoproteins, genes involved in TGFβ signaling, and metalloproteinases and its inhibitors) may contribute to the susceptibility to frozen shoulder. We evaluated eighteen SNPs of genes involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis in 186 cases (Nfemales = 114; Nmales = 72) of frozen shoulder and 600 age‐matched controls (Nfemales = 308; Nmales = 292). Multivariate logistic regressions were carried out with age, gender, genetic ancestry, and common comorbidities as covariates. Carriers of the C allele of MMP13 rs2252070 and G/G MMP9 (rs17576 A>G/rs17577 G>A) haplotype may have an increased risk of frozen shoulder (p = 0.002, OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.20–2.26, and p = 0.046, OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.01–1.95, respectively), especially in females (p = 0.005, OR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.22–2.99, and p = 0.046, OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.01–2.51, respectively). In females, the G allele of MMP9 rs17576 tended to contribute to the susceptibility to the studied disease (p = 0.05, OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 0.97–2.33). In contrast, the presence of the C allele of TGFB1 rs1800470 seems to be associated with a reduced risk (p = 0.04, OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.23–0.96) while the GG‐genotype of TGFBR1 rs1590 was associated with increased risk (p = 0.027, OR = 4.11, 95%CI = 1.17–14.38) to frozen shoulder development in males. Thus, we identified genetic variants that were independent risk factors that can aid in the risk assessment of frozen shoulder reinforcing the involvement of MMP and TGFβ signaling in disease development. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Prevalence of Malnutrition Risk and the Impact of Nutrition Risk on Hospital Outcomes: Results From nutritionDay in the U.S.
Authors: Sauer Abby C. , Goates Scott , Malone Ainsley , Mogensen Kris M. , Gewirtz Gail , Sulz Isabella , Moick Sigrid , Laviano Alessandro , Hiesmayr Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition risk estimates vary greatly, and no robust data on the association between food intake and outcomes exist for hospitals in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition risk and to evaluate the impact of food intake on mortality using the nutritionDay in the U.S. dataset.MethodsThis study analyzed data from 2009 to 2015 for all adult patients from participating hospitals. Prevalence of malnutrition risk was determined by mapping self‐reported nutritionDay survey questions to the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). Fine and Gray competing‐risk analysis with clustering was used to evaluate the impact of nutrition risk and food intake on patients’ 30‐day in‐hospital mortality, while controlling for age, mobility, and other disease‐related factors.ResultsAnalysis included data from 9959 adult patients from 601 wards. The overall prevalence of malnutrition risk (MST score ≥2) was 32.7%. On nutritionDay, 32.1% of patients ate a quarter of their meal or less. Hospital mortality hazard ratio was 3.24 (95% CI: [1.73, 6.07]; P‐value < 0.001) for patients eating a quarter compared with those who ate all their meal and increased to 5.99 (95% CI: [3.03, 11.84]; P‐value < 0.0001) for patients eating nothing despite being allowed to eat.ConclusionThis study provides the most robust estimate of malnutrition risk in U.S. hospitalized patients to date, finding that approximately 1 in 3 are at risk. Additionally, patients who have diminished meal intake experience increased mortality risk. These results highlight the ongoing issue of malnutrition in the hospital setting.
High‐Performance Production of Biosurfactant Rhamnolipid with Nitrogen Feeding
Authors: Wu Tingyu , Jiang Jingjing , He Ni , Jin Mingjie , Ma Kefeng , Long Xuwei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNitrate is one of the most important factors for fermentative production of rhamnolipid, while it has not yet been conclusively demonstrated that nitrogen limitation or abundance is beneficial for improvement of rhamnolipid production. This study clarified that high concentration of NaNO3 is conducive for high‐performance production of rhamnolipid. An optimum rhamnolipid yield was achieved by 43.3 g L−1 with an initial concentration of NaNO3 equal to 10 g L−1 during the regular fed‐batch fermentation process by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Additionally, this rhamnolipid production was further improved to 61.2 g L−1, which was two folds higher than that value obtained during batch fermentation, when the NaNO3 concentration was maintained about 5 g L−1. Furthermore, specific volume productivity of rhamnolipid was improved by over 30% in the presence of NaNO3 at concentration ranging from 5 to 6 g L−1 during sequential fed‐batch fermentation, resulting a high value of 0.4 and 0.59 g L−1 h−1 within one batch of sequential fed‐batch fermentation for a period of 17 days by P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and PAO1, respectively. It seems that sustaining high‐concentration NaNO3 during fed‐batch fermentation is advantageous for high‐performance production of rhamnolipid.
Selective enrichment and quantification of okadaic acid in shellfish using an immunomagnetic‐bead‐based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry assay
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Tan Zhijun , Wu Haiyan , Peng Jixing , Zhai Yuxiu , Guo Mengmeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOkadaic acid is a marine biotoxin that primarily occurs in shellfish and can cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning in humans. When analyzing biological samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the presence of complex matrices is a major issue. Thus, it is crucial to selectively and simply extract the target analyte from samples and minimize matrix effects simultaneously. To meet this need, an immunomagnetic‐bead‐based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect okadaic acid in shellfish. Magnetic beads bound to monoclonal antibody against okadaic acid were used as affinity probes to specifically enrich okadaic acid in samples, which effectively eliminated matrix effects. A magnetic separator was used to aggregate and separate magnetic particles from sample matrices, and methanol was used to elute okadaic acid from the magnetic beads. Standard solution prepared with methanol was employed directly for quantitative analysis. Several experimental conditions were optimized to improve performance. The method is of interest as a rapid (10 min) sample clean‐up and selective enrichment tool, and it showed good linearity and sensitivity, with reported limits of detection and quantitation of 3 and 10 μg/kg, respectively. Fifty‐three shellfish samples from an aquatic products market were tested using this method, and four samples positive for okadaic acid were found.
Marinobufagenin extraction from Rhinella marina toad glands: Alternative approaches for a systematized strategy
Authors: Lenaerts Charline , Wells Mathilde , Hambÿe Stéphanie , Blankert Bertrand 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMarinobufagenin is a bufadienolide compound detected mainly in skin and parotoid gland secretions of Rhinella marina (L.) toad. Bufadienolides regulate the Na+/K+‐ATPase pump by inhibiting the cardiotonic steroid dependent‐site and act as cardiac inotropes with vasoconstrictive properties. Marinobufagenin and other bufadienolides, such as telocinobufagin and bufalin, are thought to be found endogenously in mammals in salt‐sensitive hypertensive states such as essential hypertension, congestive heart‐failure, and preeclampsia. The role of marinobufagenin as antimicrobial agent and its cytotoxic potential have also been recognized. The particular interest around marinobufagenin prompts us to consider the Rhinella marina toad venom as a possible source for molecules with pharmacological and/or diagnostic potential. In this article, two different approaches of extraction and purification of marinobufagenin from Rhinella marina (L.) venom are studied: (i) Preparative thin‐layer chromatography combined to mass spectrometry and/or ultraviolet detection and (ii) solid‐phase extraction coupled with fractionation on high‐performance liquid chromatography. Different chromatographic conditions are tested for each approach. The solid‐phase extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography fractionation approach was preferred as it offered a greater yield, was less time‐consuming and allowed us to selectively isolate marinobufagenin. Both protocols aim to provide efficient and convenient methods for toad venom extraction, based on an easily automatable and systematized strategy.
Fast fabrication of a hybrid monolithic column containing cyclic and aliphatic hydrophobic ligands via photo‐initiated thiol‐ene polymerization
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Shujuan , Zhang Luwei , Zhang Na , Li Yanan , Ou Junjie , Shen Yehua , Ye Mingliang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree monomers, octakis (3‐mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane, 1,2,4‐trivinylcyclohexane and isophytol were employed to synthesize a novel monolithic stationary phase via photo‐initiated thiol‐ene click polymerization for reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. Several factors such as porogenic system, reaction time and the molar ratio of functional groups were investigated in detail. The resulting poly(POSS‐co‐TVCH‐co‐isophytol) monolithic column exhibited suitable permeability for fast separation and outstanding thermal stability. Five alkylbenzenes were employed to evaluate the ability of chromatographic separation of the resulting monolithic columns at different flow rates, and showed the highest column efficiencies of 90,200–93,100 N/m (corresponding to 10.4–10.6 μm of plate height) at a velocity of 0.41 mm/s. The baseline separations of five anilines and eight phenols further proved the applicability of poly(POSS‐co‐TVCH‐co‐isophytol) monolithic column in the separation of small molecules.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4252424) in TRPV5 calcium channel gene and lead poisoning in Chinese workers
Authors: Liu Jiting , Zhang Li , Feng Lixia , Xu Ming , Gao Yue , Zhou Peng , Yu Zhengmin , Zhu Baoli , An Yan , Zhang Hengdong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLead (Pb) is broadly used in various industries and causes irreversible damage to human tissues, organs, and systems. Studies have revealed that lead exerts toxic effects via interfering with calcium channel.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TRPV5, a calcium channel‐related gene, were associated with lead exposure susceptibility. By using TaqMan SNP genotyping, we performed genotyping of eight TRPV5 tag‐SNPs in 1,130 lead‐exposed Chinese workers with similar lead exposure level.ResultsSingle nucleotide polymorphism rs4252424 was significantly associated with lead susceptibility, measured by blood lead level (BLL) (β = −0.069, plinear = 0.029). However, there was no significant association between any other seven SNPs and BLL. The further expression Quantitative Trait Loci displayed that CC genotype of rs4252424 is significant associated with higher BLL than CT (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWe conclude that SNP rs4252424 has the potential to evaluate lead susceptibility in the Chinese occupational population, and further enhance lead exposure prevention and intervention.