bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for neutropenia and febrile neutropenia following prophylactic pegfilgrastim
Authors: Lee Mirinae , Yee Jeong , Kim Jae Youn , Kim Ju Young , An Sook Hee , Lee Kyung Eun , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimNeutropenia is a common side effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor is being used for neutropenia prophylaxis, but there are patients who develop neutropenia or febrile neutropenia despite prophylaxis. We attempted to identify potential risk factors for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia in patients with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, observational study of patients with breast cancer or diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. We obtained patients’ data from electronic medical records, including baseline demographics and clinical characteristics regarding diseases, treatments and laboratory values. The outcome measures assessed were the incidence of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.ResultsThere were a total of 127 patients, including 77 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 50 patients with breast cancer, and we analyzed 722 chemotherapy cycles. We found 88 cases (12.2%) of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and 39 cases of febrile neutropenia (5.4%). In the univariate analysis, variables associated with both grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were age, cancer type, cancer stage, radiotherapy and platelet count. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that age, radiotherapy and platelet count were significant factors in severe neutropenia, whereas platelet count was the only statistically significant factor in febrile neutropenia. Platelet counts of less than 150 000/mm3 increased the risk of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia approximately fourfold. In the subgroup analysis of patients with DLBCL, it was found that platelet count was a significant factor for both neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.ConclusionAmong cancer patients with pegfilgrastim prophylaxis, advanced age, absence of radiation therapy and low platelet count were independent predictors of neutropenia, and low platelet count was the predictor of febrile neutropenia.
Valence, Elections, and Legislative Institutions
Authors: Patty John W. , Schibber Constanza F. , Penn Elizabeth Maggie , Crisp Brian F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo the degree that voters care about competence, expertise, and other valence characteristics of their representatives and political parties care about winning elections, parties have an incentive to signal that their legislators have such characteristics. We construct a model of parties, motivated by both reelection and by policy, that attempt to signal individual incumbents' valences to voters through the assignment of these members to positions of authority. The model illustrates how electorally motivated party leaders will have an incentive to promote less competent incumbents than they would if voters did not make inferences from promotion decisions. We derive the model's empirical implications and test them with original data on the careers of Chilean senators serving between 1998 and 2013. In support of the model's insights, we find that promotion to a leadership position is an effective signal to voters only if the promoted incumbent has extreme views relative to the party.
Uncertain Risks: Salmon Science, Harm, and Ignorance in Canada
Authors: Viatori Maximilian 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the public testimonies of expert witnesses during a Canadian federal commission charged with investigating the reasons for dramatic declines of sockeye salmon returning to British Columbia's Fraser River in 2009. These testimonies were intended to provide a foundation of expert opinion upon which clear policy recommendations could be made. However, the hearings were beset by debates over the ability of scientific research to assess harms to wild salmon. Through a discursive analysis of knowledge performances during the commission's hearings, I argue that neoliberalized approaches to evaluating harm and risk enable the production of uncertainty as a political strategy for blocking regulation and letting markets solve ecological crises. Furthermore, my analysis of expert testimonies underscores the degree to which public discussions of science and ecological crises are about the performance of (non)knowledge and why more scientific information has little impact on their outcomes. [uncertainty, risk, ignorance, science, salmon]
The endocytic pathways of carbon dots in human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Jin Xiaoye , Kong Tingting , Zhang Wenqing , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating cellular uptake pathways of carbon dots (CDs) in human adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC‐2.Materials and methodsWe synthesized CDs using a hydrothermal method with citric acid and polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw = 25 000). The CDs incubated with the ACC‐2 cells showed their bioimaging capabilities using a confocal microscopy test. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cellular uptake pathways of CDs in ACC‐2 cells.ResultsOur findings indicated that CDs possessed good biocompatibility in ACC‐2 cells. CDs were endocytosed mainly via micropinocytosis and energy‐dependent pathways.ConclusionsIn general, these findings suggested that CDs had excellent biomedical imaging properties for ACC‐2 cells and there was a potential opportunity to develop biomedical applications.
Decreased epithelial to corneal thickness ratio in healthy fellow eyes of patients with unilateral bullous keratopathy
Authors: Kulikov Alexei N , Maltsev Dmitrii S , Kudryashova Elena V , Burnasheva Maria A 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo study the relationship between epithelial thickness (ET) and corneal thickness (CT) in healthy fellow eyes of patients with unilateral bullous keratopathy (BKP) and healthy subjects.MethodsSeventeen BKP patients (nine males, eight females, 73.2±10.4 years) and 40 healthy individuals (20 males, 20 females, 69.5±9.8 years) were included. All participants received anterior segment optical coherence tomography and specular microscopy with calculation of endothelial cell density. ET, CT, stromal thickness and ET-to-CT ratio were defined automatically (within 2 mm central area). Central epithelial thickness (CET) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured manually at the corneal centre and stromal thickness and CET-to-CCT ratio were calculated.ResultsIn healthy fellow eyes of BKP patients compared with eyes of healthy individuals ET was statistically significantly lower (p<0.001) while CT was statistically significantly higher (by 28.9 and 30.9 µm in 2 mm zone and corneal centre, respectively). Both 2 mm ET-to-CT ratio (0.091±0.01 and 0.10±0.004, respectively [p<0.001]) and CET-to-CCT ratio (0.083±0.006 and 0.97±0.005, respectively [p<0.0001]) were statistically significantly lower in healthy fellow eyes of BKP patients compared with eyes of healthy individuals. To identify healthy fellow eyes of BKP patients, area under curve for CET-to-CCT ratio and CET was 0.94 and 0.80, respectively (p=0.01), and for 2 mm ET-to-CT ratio and 2 mm ET was 0.91 and 0.80, respectively (p=0.03).ConclusionDecreased СET-to-СCT ratio resulting from simultaneous epithelial thinning and stromal thickening without significant corneal thickening indicates subclinical dysfunction of corneal endothelium in healthy fellow eyes in unilateral BKP patients.
Estimating the potential impact of the UK government’s sugar reduction programme on child and adult health: modelling study
Authors: Amies-Cull Ben , Briggs Adam D M , Scarborough Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of the UK government’s sugar reduction programme on child and adult obesity, adult disease burden, and healthcare costs.DesignModelling study.SettingSimulated scenario based on National Diet and Nutrition Survey waves 5 and 6, England.Participants1508 survey respondents were used to model weight change among the population of England aged 4-80 years.Main outcome measuresCalorie change, weight change, and body mass index change were estimated for children and adults. Impact on non-communicable disease incidence, quality adjusted life years, and healthcare costs were estimated for adults. Changes to disease burden were modelled with the PRIMEtime-CE Model, based on the 2014 population in England aged 18-80.ResultsIf the sugar reduction programme was achieved in its entirety and resulted in the planned sugar reduction, then the calorie reduction was estimated to be 25 kcal/day (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ) for 4-10 year olds (95% confidence interval 23 to 26), 25 kcal/day (24 to 28) for 11-18 year olds, and 19 kcal/day (17 to 20) for adults. The reduction in obesity could represent 5.5% of the baseline obese population of 4-10 year olds, 2.2% of obese 11-18 year olds, and 5.5% of obese 19-80 year olds. A modelled 51 729 quality adjusted life years (95% uncertainty interval 45 768 to 57 242) were saved over 10 years, including 154 550 (132 623 to 174 604) cases of diabetes and relating to a net healthcare saving of £285.8m (€332.5m, $373.5m; £249.7m to £319.8m).ConclusionsThe UK government’s sugar reduction programme could reduce the burden of obesity and obesity related disease, provided that reductions in sugar levels and portion sizes do not prompt unanticipated changes in eating patterns or product formulation.
Indoor localization algorithm based on behavior-driven predictive learning in crowdsourced Wi-Fi environments
Authors: Labinghisa Boney A. , Lee Dong Myung 
Published: April 2019

The indoor localization algorithm based on the behavior-driven predictive learning (BDPLA) executes machine-learning predictions by computing the shortest path from a starting location to a destination. The proposed algorithm selects a set of reference points (RPs) to predict the shortest path using all available RPs from the crowdsourced Wi-Fi environment. In addition, the proposed algorithm utilizes the collected received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values to determine the error distance. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the existing crowdsourced RSSI data can be calibrated to help decrease the inconsistent RSSI values among all received signals by reconstructing the values. The average error distance of 3.68 m achieved better results compared with the traditional fingerprint map with an average result of 6.96 m.
Consecutive bouts of electrical stimulation-induced contractions alter ribosome biogenesis in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Kotani Takaya , Takegaki Junya , Takagi Ryo , Nakazato Koichi , Ishii Naokata 
Published: April 2019

Ribosome biogenesis has been implicated in resistance exercise training (RET)-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, it is unclear how increasing bouts of RET affects ribosome content and biogenesis. This was investigated in the present study using simulated RET where rat skeletal muscle is subjected to increasing bouts of electrical stimulation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following seven groups: sedentary for 5 days (SED) or 6 wk (SED_6w), resistance-exercise trained with 1 bout (1B), 2 bouts (2B), 3 bouts (3B), 6 bouts (6B), and 18 bouts (18B). RET was simulated on the right gastrocnemius muscle by transcutaneous electric stimulation under isoflurane anesthesia, and a RET bout was given 3 times a week. Rats in 1B, 2B, and 3B groups showed increased 45S precursor (pre-) rRNA and 18S+28S rRNA content per muscle weight and elevated mRNA levels of c- myc and upstream binding factor (UBF). Increases in phosphorylated UBF and total cyclin D1 protein level were observed 48 h after RET; the former increased as a function of RET duration. In 3B, 6B, and 18B groups, the 18S+28S rRNA content per muscle weight was kept unchanged, and 45S pre-rRNA, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated UBF levels in 18B were lower than those in 3B. These results suggest that RET activates ribosome biogenesis and increases ribosome content through modulation of UBF and cyclin D1 activity at its early phase. Additional bouts of RET may not lead to a further increase in ribosome content per muscle weight through possibly the attenuation of transcription process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ribosome biogenesis has been implicated in resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, it remains unclear how this is influenced by the volume of repeated bouts of resistance exercise training. Using resistance exercise training model with rat skeletal muscle, we provide evidence that ribosome biogenesis is stimulated by the initial few bouts of resistance exercise training with no additional effect of further increase in the exercise bout.
Effects of short-term sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on liver fat content, lipoprotein profile, and substrate uptake: a randomized trial
Authors: Motiani Kumail K. , Savolainen Anna M. , Toivanen Jussi , Eskelinen Jari-Joonas , Yli-Karjanmaa Minna , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Saunavaara Virva , Heiskanen Marja A. , Parkkola Riitta , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof , Savisto Nina , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Knuuti Juhani , Nuutila Pirjo , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Hannukainen Jarna C. 
Published: April 2019

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased liver fat content (LFC) alter lipoprotein profile and composition and impair liver substrate uptake. Exercise training mitigates T2D and reduces LFC, but the benefits of different training intensities in terms of lipoprotein classes and liver substrate uptake are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT) on LFC, liver substrate uptake, and lipoprotein profile in subjects with normoglycemia or prediabetes/T2D. We randomized 54 subjects (normoglycemic group, n = 28; group with prediabetes/T2D, n = 26; age = 40–55 yr) to perform either MICT or SIT for 2 wk and measured LFC with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, lipoprotein composition with NMR, and liver glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) using PET. At baseline, the group with prediabetes/T2D had higher LFC, impaired lipoprotein profile, and lower whole body insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity compared with the normoglycemic group. Both training modes improved aerobic capacity ( P < 0.001) and lipoprotein profile (reduced LDL and increased large HDL subclasses; all P < 0.05) with no training regimen (SIT vs. MICT) or group effect (normoglycemia vs. prediabetes/T2D). LFC tended to be reduced in the group with prediabetes/T2D compared with the normoglycemic group posttraining ( P = 0.051). When subjects were divided according to LFC (high LFC, >5.6%; low LFC, <5.6%), training reduced LFC in subjects with high LFC ( P = 0.009), and only MICT increased insulin-stimulated liver GU ( P = 0.03). Short-term SIT and MICT are effective in reducing LFC in subjects with fatty liver and in improving lipoprotein profile regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. Short-term MICT is more efficient in improving liver insulin sensitivity compared with SIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the short term, both sprint interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) reduce liver fat content and improve lipoprotein profile; however, MICT seems to be preferable in improving liver insulin sensitivity.
Glycemic Status and Thromboembolic Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fangel Mia Vicki , Nielsen Peter Brønnum , Kristensen Jette Kolding , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Overvad Thure Filskov , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Jensen Martin Bach 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and differences in glycemic status may affect this risk. We aimed to examine the effect of glycemic status evaluated by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the risk of thromboembolism among patients with atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
In this cohort study, we used data from Danish registries to identify patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the period of May 1, 2005, through December 31, 2015. On the basis of the most recent HbA1c measurement before an incident atrial fibrillation diagnosis, patients were divided into the categories: HbA1c ≤48 mmol/mol, HbA1c=49–58 mmol/mol, and HbA1c >58 mmol/mol. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios for the outcome thromboembolism.

Results:
The study population included 5386 patients with incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with patients with HbA1c ≤48 mmol/mol, we observed a higher risk of thromboembolism among patients with HbA1c=49–58 mmol/mol (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09–2.05) and HbA1c >58 mmol/mol (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.13–2.22) after adjusting for confounding factors. When stratified on diabetes mellitus duration, similar results were found among patients with diabetes mellitus duration of <10 years. Contrastingly, in patients with diabetes mellitus duration of ≥10 years, higher HbA1c levels were not associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism.

Conclusions:
In patients with incident atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus, increasing levels of HbA1c were associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism. However, no association was found among patients with diabetes mellitus duration ≥10 years.
Caustic Agents Ingestion in Children: A 51-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Niedzielski Artur , Schwartz Sylwia Greta , Partycka-Pietrzyk Kornela , Mielnik-Niedzielska Grażyna 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Children experience serious gastrointestinal tract injuries due to consumption of caustic agents more often than adults. The aim of the study was to analyze diagnostic methods and treatment of children with esophageal burns according to the degree of the injury. Methods: Our one-center population-based retrospective cohort study included 150 children admitted between 1967 and 2018 to Clinic of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology of University Children’s Hospital in Lublin, Poland, due to the chemical burn of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus. Each patient underwent a thorough laryngological examination and endoscopy to assess the place and degree of injury. Results: Of 150 patients, 65.3% were male and 34.7% female. The median age was 4 years and 3 months. Salivation, dysphagia, burning sensation, edema, and whitish coating on the oral mucosa, palate, and throat were the most common clinical symptoms. In addition, dyspnea and chest pain were observed in 30% of patients. Esophagus endoscopy results were: Zargar grade I burn (84.7%), grade IIA (8%), grade IIB (2.6%), grade III (0%), and grade 0 (4.7%). Treatment included antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, analgesics, and intravenous fluid therapy. Late sequelae (scarred esophageal strictures) developed in 20 (13.3%) patients. Conclusions: Accidental intake of caustic agents is observed in young children, especially younger than the age of 5. Early esophagus endoscopy should be performed in all patients to assess the grade of injury, plan initial treatment, and predict the risk of developing complications. Early diagnosis and immediate pharmacological treatment reduce the number of late sequelae.
Does Arthroscopic Suture-Spanning Augmentation of Single-Row Repair Reduce the Retear Rate of Massive Rotator Cuff Tear?
Authors: Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Chen Kun-Hui , Chiang En-Rung , Chou Te-Feng Arthur , Ma Hsiao-Li 
Published: April 2019

Background: Several surgical techniques have been proposed for massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs), but the failure rates remain high. The suture-spanning augmentation technique of single-row (SSA-SR) repair was shown to reduce failure rates in cadaveric studies, but the outcome in vivo remains unclear. Purpose: To determine if adding spanning sutures to SR repair during MRCT repairs can improve functional outcome and reduce failure rates. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The study included 71 patients with a diagnosed MRCT. The study group (n = 35) received SSA-SR repair. The control (n = 36) received SR repair. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant score, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) score, and visual analog scale for pain were assessed preoperatively and 24 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was arranged at 6 months postoperatively to evaluate the rotator cuff. Results: At 6 months postoperatively, the overall retear rate was 31.0%. The retear rate was lower in the SSA-SR group (14.3%) than in the SR group (47.2%, P = .002). At 24 months, the SSA-SR group had markedly improved ASES, Constant, and UCLA scores in comparison with the SR group ( P < .05). Within both groups, all scores had significant improvement as compared with the preoperative status ( P < .05). Conclusion: The SSA-SR repair technique showed improved functional and radiologic results. Based on the superior postoperative outcome of this technique, the SSA-SR repair technique can be a potential treatment option for MRCT repair. Registration: NCT03609164 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Metal–plastic composites with amplitude-dependent constraint layer damping
Authors: Klaerner Matthias , Wuehrl Mario , Kroll Lothar , Marburg Steffen 
Published: April 2019

For metal–plastic composites with thin shear-sensitive cores, high damping can be determined. These materials were developed to reduce the structure-borne noise and are therefore used for thin-walled components with bending loads. In addition to the known sensitivity due to the temperature and frequency, these materials show a significant dependency on vibration amplitudes. Within the framework of this study, the nonlinear damping of metal–plastic composites was determined experimentally using free-vibrating cantilever beams. A detailed analysis of the derived velocity–time curves showed a nonlinear damping within the decay. An exponential approach was successfully used to describe the relation between damping and current deflection. Furthermore, a strain energy-based evaluation is introduced to quantify the share of the core contributions. For this purpose, the strain energy of several acoustically sensitive car components as well as the beams with varying supports and vibration lengths were determined numerically with a finite element analysis. The strain energy ratio of the cores was then derived as a comparative measurement and within a finite element-based design of experiments. A cantilever beam setup with a component-specific beam length representing similar core strain energy ratios was retested and showed a similar exponential amplitude dependence but higher damping parameters.