bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Trust in Institutions in Times of Crisis: Survey‐Based Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Drakos Konstantinos , Kallandranis Christos , Karidis Socrates 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe employ Eurobarometer micro‐level data on trust in institutions, in order to explore its determinants, considering socio‐demographic characteristics, and macroeconomic indicators. The main contribution of our analysis is the investigation of the potential impact of sovereign credit rating episodes and the adoption of bail‐out programmes. We find that trust in institutions is substantially eroded in countries that experience downgrade episodes and participate in fiscal adjustment programmes while it is significantly strengthened following credit rating upgrades.
Interim tissue changes following connective tissue grafting and two‐stage implant placement. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Papapetros Dimitrios , Karagiannis Vassilis , Konstantinidis Antonis , Apatzidou Danae A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo determine tissue changes at implants placed either conventionally or in combination with a connective tissue graft (CTG).Materials and methodsForty‐eight partially edentulous subjects were randomized into two treatment Groups, and 46 completed the study. Group‐A (NA = 23) received crestal implant placement. In Group‐B (NB = 23), a CTG harvested from the palate was stabilized over the implant neck. At the time of implant placement (T0), Groups were categorized as having thin mucosa ≤ 2.5 mm at the surgical site (NSubgroup‐AI = 12, NSubgroup–BI = 11) or thick mucosa > 2.5 mm (NSubgroup‐AII = 11, NSubgroup–BII = 12). Mucosa thickness, width of keratinized tissue (WKT), crestal bone levels and relative bone thickness were determined at T0 and at the two‐stage surgery (T1).ResultsAt T1, on the alveolar crest, mucosa thickness significantly decreased in the thick mucosa Subgroups (‐AII/‐BII, both p = 0.001), but increased at thin mucosa grafted sites (p = 0.049). No significant changes were noted in the WKT for either group. Thin mucosa grafted Subgroups (‐AI/‐BI) demonstrated significant decreases in crestal bone levels (both p ≤ 0.008). Crestal relative bone thickness decreased in all Subgroups (p ≤ 0.027 for significant changes).ConclusionsConnective tissue grafting resulted in smaller reductions of mucosa thickness on the alveolar crest and appeared to have the greater effects at sites with initially thin mucosa.
Effectiveness of community‐based early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nahmias Allison S. , Pellecchia Melanie , Stahmer Aubyn C. , Mandell David S. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundResearch trials of early intervention (EI) programs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) generally demonstrate medium‐to‐large gains, on average, compared with “treatment as usual,” in different developmental domains. Almost all children with ASD receive their treatment through community‐based services, however, and studies suggest that evidence‐based interventions rarely make their way into community practice. Understanding the effectiveness of community‐based EI and factors associated with these effects is the first step in developing strategies for wide‐scale implementation of effective EI.MethodsStudies of community‐based EI for children with ASD were identified through a systematic search. Changes in cognitive, communication, social, and adaptive functioning from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment were assessed using standardized mean gain scores. Effect sizes were estimated using random effects models. Moderators of interest included type of community EI program, year of publication, intervention duration, and sample selection. Moderator effects were assessed using analysis of variance of mixed‐effects models and meta‐regression analyses.ResultsForty‐six groups from 33 studies met inclusion criteria (1,713 participants, mean age 37.4 months, 81.1% male). There were small but statistically significant gains in each of the four domains. Hedges's g ranged from 0.21 for adaptive behavior to 0.32 for communication outcomes, after removing outliers and correcting for publication bias. EI programs associated with universities and hospitals were superior, on average, to other community EI programs for cognitive and adaptive behavior outcomes. Intervention duration was negatively associated with effect sizes for communication and adaptive behavior outcomes.ConclusionsThese results indicate that there remains a large gap between outcomes observed in community settings and those reported in efficacy trials.
A system dynamics model of infection risk, expectations, and perceptions on antibiotic prescribing in the United States
Authors: Kianmehr Hamed , Sabounchi Nasim S. , Sabounchi Shabnam Seyedzadeh , Cosler Leon E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesInappropriate antibiotic prescribing is still a major concern that can lead to devastating outcomes including antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to simulate the antibiotic prescribing behaviour by providers for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to evaluate the impact of patient expectation, provider's perception of patient's expectation to receive a prescription, and patient's risk for bacterial infection, on the decision to prescribe.MethodsWe developed a unique system dynamics (SD) simulation model based on the significant factors that impact the interaction between provider and patient during visits for ARTIs and the decision to prescribe antibiotics. In order to validate the model for different age groups and regions in the United States, we used the sample of 53 000 ARTI patient visits made at outpatient settings between 1993 and 2015, based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).ResultsSimulation results reveal that physician diagnosis for prescribing antibiotics is based on physician's experience from their prior prescribing behaviour, their perception of patient's infection risk, and patient's expectation to receive antibiotics. Also, there are some variations depending on patient's age and residential region. The simulation analysis also depicts the decreasing trend in patient's expectation over the past two decades for most age groups and regions.ConclusionsGiven the high number of unnecessary prescriptions for ARTI, we found that policies are needed to influence provider's prescribing behaviour through patient's expectation and provider's perception regarding those expectations. Our simulation framework can further be used by policymakers to design and evaluate interventions that may modify the interaction between health providers and patients to optimize antibiotic prescriptions among ARTI patients for different regions and age groups.
Fluid management for critical patients undergoing urgent colectomy
Authors: Grass Fabian , Pache Basile , Butti Fabio , Solà Josep , Hahnloser Dieter , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRationaleThe present study aimed to define thresholds for perioperative fluids and weight gain after urgent colectomies.MethodConsecutive urgent colonic resections within an enhanced recovery pathway (2011‐2017) were included. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications, stratified as overall (I‐V) and major (IIIb‐V) according to Clavien scale. Fluid‐management–related thresholds were identified through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Outcomes were compared for patients above vs below threshold, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for overall complications.ResultsOverall, complications were observed in 133 out of 224 patients (59%), severe complications in 43 patients (19%). For overall complications, area under ROC (AUROC) was 0.71, identifying a critical cut‐off of 3 L of total IV fluid administration at the day of surgery (negative predictive value [NPV]: 90%). Further, a critical cut‐off for postoperative weight gain of 2.3 kg at postoperative day (POD) 2 was identified (AUROC 0.7, NPV 92%). Multivariable analysis identified fluid administration of >3 L (OR 5.33; 95% CI, 2.36‐12.02) and weight gain of >2.3 kg at POD 2 (OR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.13‐5.53) as independent predictors for overall complications. Median length of stay was 7 (5‐10) days in patients receiving <3 L at POD 0 and 13 (9‐19) days in patients receiving >3 L (P < .001).ConclusionsFluid administration of 3 L at the day of surgery and weight gain of 2.3 kg at POD 2 may represent critical thresholds for adverse outcomes after urgent colectomy. The suggested thresholds need to be confirmed through independent validation.
Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development: Does it play a role?
Authors: Benedicenti Ottavia , Pottinger Tom G. , Collins Catherine , Secombes Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA relationship between increasing water temperature and amoebic gill disease (AGD) prevalence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has been noted at fish farms in numerous countries. In Scotland (UK), temperatures above 12°C are considered to be an important risk factor for AGD outbreaks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test for the presence of an association between temperature and variation in the severity of AGD in Atlantic salmon at 10 and 15°C. The results showed an association between temperature and variation in AGD severity in salmon from analysis of histopathology and Paramoeba perurans load, reflecting an earlier and stronger infection post‐amoebae exposure at the higher temperature. While no significant difference between the two temperature treatment groups was found in plasma cortisol levels, both glucose and lactate levels increased when gill pathology was evident at both temperatures. Expression analysis of immune‐ and stress‐related genes showed more modulation in gills than in head kidney, revealing an organ‐specific response and an interplay between temperature and infection. In conclusion, temperature may not only affect the host response, but perhaps also favour higher attachment/growth capacity of the amoebae as seen with the earlier and stronger P. perurans infection at 15°C.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of gurum (Citrulluslanatus var. Colocynthoide) seed oil and its properties comparison with conventional methods
Authors: Karrar Emad , Sheth Sujitraj , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLipid composition, physicochemical, antioxidant, and thermal properties of gurum seed oil obtained from supercritical CO2, screw pressing and hexane extraction were studied. Results showed that the highest yield of lipids was obtained by the hexane extraction (34.04%) as compared to supercritical CO2 (30.05%) and screw pressing (27.5%), respectively. The physicochemical properties of oil extracted by different methods are important criteria to select the oil for edible purpose. Supercritical CO2 gurum oil has higher linoleic acid composition in comparison to the screw press gurum oil and hexane gurum oil. Supercritical CO2 gurum oil and hexane gurum oil showed lower free fatty acid values (0.60 and 0.46%, respectively). Supercritical CO2 gurum oil has shown higher amounts of (C18:1‐C18:1‐C18:2)‐TAG. Supercritical CO2 gurum oil has excellent properties, especially in the terms of polyphenol, β‐tocopherol, ergosta‐7, 22‐dein‐3‐ol, and antioxidant activity. Thus, suggesting the supercritical CO2 gurum oil as desired alternative for extracting fats with altitude nutritional value, while keeping bioactive compounds intact.Practical applicationsThis study is beneficial for extraction of oil from seeds. Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) is quite demanding technique on the industrial scale. SFE is a novel method to extract the oil from gurum seed and can be used in various fields such as food and pharmaceutical industries. The presented results revealed that gurum seed oil extracted by SFE could be the desired alternative for extracting fats with altitude nutritional values while keeping intact healthier bioactive compounds for wellbeing of human health.
Quality of breaded and nonbreaded chicken nuggets baked in a radiant wall oven
Authors: Ozen Emine , Singh Rakesh K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInstrumental quality characteristics of breaded and nonbreaded chicken nuggets baked in a radiant wall oven (RWO) was measured and compared to deep‐fat fried and conventional oven (CO) baked samples. Overall, the breaded chicken nuggets had the similar lightness to that of the control treatments. The RWO baked chicken nuggets had similar crispness to that of the fried and conventional oven baked controls. Breaded nuggets had significantly lower fat content compared to fried nuggets because of the high oil uptake of the coating. The moisture content of the breaded chicken nuggets was similar to those of the control treatments while nonbreaded nuggets had lower moisture than controls. This moisture difference was because the coating prevented moisture loss from the coated products.Practical ApplicationRadiant wall oven (RWO), an infrared oven, was used to bake chicken nuggets, and measured the quality of them. RWO processing decreased the fat content of the nuggets comparing to fried nuggets by providing similar quality attributes. After some improvements, RWO baking process can be an alternative to the immersion frying and oven baking.
Process optimization of polyphenol‐rich milk powder using bee pollen based on physicochemical and functional properties
Authors: Thakur Mamta , Nanda Vikas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study aims to optimize and explore the bee pollen as a functional component in milk powder using response surface methodology. The experimental design comprised of process variables: bee pollen (5–15%), temperature (20–30°C), and pressure (15–25 inHg) to investigate their effect on physical properties and total phenolic content of developed product. Results indicated an increase in powder recovery (41.53–52.96%) with pollen, temperature, and pressure whereas total phenolic content (12.35–22.65%) raised with pollen and pressure. The solubility (74.86–83.73%) and bulk density (0.37–0.63 g cm−3) decreased with pollen and temperature while hygroscopicity (13.10–18.29%) increased with pollen. The optimum conditions for polyphenol‐rich milk powder were 13.72% pollen, 26.84°C temperature, and 23.37 inHg pressure. Further, the morphological and FTIR analysis also strengthens the presence of polyphenols in optimized product. This investigation, thus, would open door for utilization of polyphenol‐rich milk powder in formulating several value‐added food products.Practical applicationsBee pollen—a potent source of essential amino acids, fatty acids, dietary fiber, and polyphenols is an underutilized but nourishing food. This study aims at developing the vacuum‐dried bee pollen—rich milk powder based on process variable: bee pollen concentration, temperature, and pressure. Results showed the significant amount of total phenolic compounds in developed milk powder that is even higher compared to fresh bee pollen. The powder manufacturing process discussed here is quite simple and can be easily adapted by small and medium scale industries to achieve drying at a lower cost which may be beneficial for beekeepers to raise their economic status in developing countries. Further, the developed polyphenol‐rich milk powder can be employed in cereals, bakery, confectionery, and frozen dessert industry to make healthier processed food products.
Relationship between long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer: A systematic analysis
Authors: Jiang Kailin , Jiang Xiaotao , Wen Yi , Liao Liu , Liu Feng‐bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aims to systematically analyze the effect of long‐term therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the risk of gastric cancer.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China biomedical literature database (CBM) were searched for studies before February 2019. We evaluated the quality of the included articles through the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and gathered relevant data to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) through Stata14.0.ResultsSeven relevant articles conformed to the inclusion criteria; 943 070 patients were included. The pooled OR was 2.50; 95% CI (1.74, 3.85); the subgroup analysis results showed that patients who had used PPIs for more than 36 months were most likely to develop gastric cancer, and an increased risk was observed among patients after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Noncardia gastric cancer was more likely to develop.ConclusionsLong‐term use of PPIs can possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer even among patients after H. pylori eradication; in particular, for noncardia gastric cancer, the risk increases with longer durations of PPI use. Due to the limited number of studies, more high‐quality studies are required to be designed.
Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Past‐Year DSM‐5 Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Older Adults
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Barry Lisa C. , Kuchel George A. , Steffens David C. , Wilkinson Samuel T. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the associations of ACEs with psychiatric and substance use disorders among older adults in the United States.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of the 2012‐2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III (NESARC‐III).SETTINGNationally representative drug‐related health interview survey in the United States.PARTICIPANTSSurvey respondents aged 65 or older (n = 5806 unweighted).MEASUREMENTSACEs, the key independent variable, were assessed using validated measures. Outcome variables consisted of past‐year psychiatric disorders (eg, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder) and substance use disorders (eg, alcohol use disorder) using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. We estimated the national prevalence of ACEs in older adults and used multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses to assess the association between ACEs and the outcomes after adjusting for sociodemographics and clinical comorbidities.RESULTSOverall, 35.9% of older adults, representative of 14.8 million older adults nationwide, reported some form of ACEs. The most common types were parental psychopathology (20.3%), other traumatic events (14.0%), and physical/psychological abuse (8.4%). Having experienced any ACEs was associated with higher odds of having a past‐year psychiatric disorder (adjusted odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.74‐2.56). Similar results were found for substance use disorders (P < .01).CONCLUSIONACEs are linked to an increased risk for past‐year psychiatric and substance use disorders in older adults. ACEs may have long‐term effects on older adults’ mental well‐being. Although further research is needed, preventing ACEs may lead to large improvements in public mental health that persist well into older age. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2085–2093, 2019
How to Run for Political Office: A Primer for Midwives and Other Nontraditional Candidates
Authors: Van Hoover Cheri 
Published: June 2019

AbstractService in public office is a laudatory civic activity, and nontraditional candidates such as midwives have much to offer in this role. Newcomers to the political process benefit from basic information about how to run a campaign, raise money, utilize effective messaging, deal with political attacks, and seek endorsements and other campaign support. Midwives encounter ethical and legal implications specific to their position of trust as health care providers. In order to demystify the campaign process for novices, this practical guide to the basics of running for local office has been extrapolated from the experience of one midwife candidate in order to decrease potential barriers to others’ political engagement and political ambition.
Immediate Postpartum Contraception: Intrauterine Device Insertion
Authors: Escobar Melicia , Shearin Stacey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInsertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) in the immediate postpartum period is a safe, evidence‐based form of contraception appropriate for most women. Despite the higher risk of expulsion as compared with interval insertion, the benefits of insertion in the immediate postpartum period are significant and include improved rates of contraception continuance and reduced instances of short interval birth. Through shared decision making, midwives and other clinicians can assist women in clarifying their reproductive goals and understanding of contraceptive options, including this method. In response to identified gaps in knowledge and insertion technique among midwives, this article provides an overview of immediate postpartum IUD insertion, risks and benefits, and eligibility criteria and describes preinsertion, insertion, and postinsertion care.
How are the cardiomyocytes aggregated together within the walls of the left ventricular cone?
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Niederer Peter F. , Sanchez‐Quintana Damian , Stephenson Robert S. , Agger Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe manner of packing together of the cardiomyocytes within the walls of the cardiac ventricles has now been investigated for over half a millennium. In 1669, Lower dissected the ventricular mass, likening the arrangement to skeletal musculature, in the form of a myocardial band extending between the right and left atrioventricular junctions. Pettigrew subsequently showed obvious helical arrangements to be evident within the ventricular walls, but emphasised that the cardiomyocytes were attached to each other, and could not justifiably be compared with skeletal cardiomyocytes. Torrent‐Guasp then reactivated the notion that the ventricular mass was formed of a solitary band. Unlike Lower, he dissected the band as extending between the pulmonary to the aortic roots. Multiple investigations conducted using gross dissection and histology, and more recently diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic analysis, have shown an absence of any anatomical boundaries within the walls that might permit the mass uniformly to be dissected so as to reveal the band. A response to a recent letter to the Journal, nonetheless, claimed that the dissections had been validated by clinicians interpreting the findings so as to provide an explanation for ventricular cardiodynamics, arguing that the findings provided a suitable anatomical model for this purpose. Anatomical models, however, are of no value unless they are anatomically correct. In this review, therefore, we summarise the evidence showing that the cardiomyocytes making up the ventricular walls, rather than forming a ventricular myocardial band, are instead aggregated together to form a three‐dimensional myocardial mesh.