bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation
Authors: Hammer P. , Litvack D. , Saul J. P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.
Non-parametric Classification of Esophagus Motility by Means of Neural Networks
Authors: Rasmussen C. , Rutz K. , Jakobsen E. , Kruse-Andersen S. , Thøgersen C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Automatic long-term recording of esophageal pressures by means of intraluminal transducers is used increasingly for evaluation of esophageal function. Most automatic analysis techniques are based on detection of derived parameters from the time series by means of arbitrary rule-based criterions. The aim of the present work has been to test the ability of neural networks to identify abnormal contraction patterns in patients with nonobstructive dysphagia (NOBD).Nineteen volunteers and 22 patients with NOBD underwent simultaneous recordings of four pressures in the esophagus for at least 23 hours. Data from 21 subjects were selected for training. The performances of two trained networks were subsequently verified on reference data from 20 subjects. The results show that non-parametric classification by means of neural networks has good potentials. Back propagation shows good performance with a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.8.
Simulation Study of the Interaction between Respiration and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Bai Jing , Lu Hongli , Zhang Jupeng , Zhou Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract.Many studies have been done on the respiratory and the cardiovascular system. Among them, only a few are on the interaction of these two physiologic systems. To explore the mechanism of the integration of these two physiological systems, computer simulation has been done; we report the preliminary results obtained in our laboratory. In this study, a mathematical model of the cardiovascular system integrated with the respiratory mechanical system has been established. The model is based on our previous work on cardiovascular modeling. The previous lumped lungi model has been replaced by a multielement model with more detail. Inter- thoracic and abdominal pressures are modeled as external pressure sources on the related cardiovascular elements. Using this model, a sequence of simulation studies have been carried out. Different respiratory modes have been simulated and the different effects are observed in the simulation results. The results indicate that by following a certain respiratory pattern, the circulation status can be improved. These results agree with clinical observations.Keywords: Mathematical Model, Respiration Mode, Cardiovascular System, Computer Simulation, Interaction
Security in Medical Information Systems
Authors: Bakker A. R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis review article addresses security in medical information systems. First, it is discussed why special attention is necessary for security in this field. Next, the history is considered, together with the role of IMIA. Current research issues are presented. The ongoing activities in the AIM SEISMED project are briefly described, followed by a consideration of standardization. The article concludes with an appeal to pay more attention to the security aspects of information systems.
„Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile“
Authors: Steiner Urs 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungWie kann das Ziel Hahnemanns erreicht werden, dass die Homöopathie „den mathematischen Wissenschaften an Zuverlässigkeit nahe komme“ 7 (§ 145)? Was bedeutet das einleitende Zitat von Aristoteles mathematisch und homöopathisch?
“The art of doing nothing“ nach Milchzahntrauma
Authors: Ebeleseder Kurt 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Behandlung von Milchzahntraumata ist das erste Ziel nicht der Erhalt der betroffenen Milchzähne, sondern der Erhalt der korrespondierenden bleibenden Zähne und der Kooperation. Dieser Umstand führt zur Frage, ob traumatisierte Milchzähne überhaupt chirurgisch anbehandelt werden sollen. Gelingt es, mittels lokaler und ggf. auch systemischer antibakterieller Therapie die lokale Infektion zu unterbinden, so kommt es häufig ohne weitere Therapie zu Spontanheilungen. So können nicht nur Schäden an bleibenden Zähnen und der Psyche des kleinen Patienten vermieden, sondern auch mehr Milchzähne erhalten werden als nach bisherigen Indikationsstellungen.
Constructively combining languages
Authors: Quick Antje Endesfelder , Lieven Elena , Backus Ad , Tomasello Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Language development in bilingual children is often related to differing levels of proficiency. Objective measurements of bilingual development include for example mean length of utterance (MLU). MLU is almost always calculated for each language context (including both monolingual and code-mixed utterances). In the current study, we analyzed the MLUs of three German-English bilingual children, aged 2;3–3;11 separately for the monolingual and code-mixed utterances. Our results showed that language preference was reflected in MLU values: the more children spoke in one language the higher the MLU was in that language. However, it was the mixed utterances that had the highest MLU for all three children. We support the results with a construction type analysis and suggest a potential usage-based explanation for these results based on individual differences in each child’s developmental inventory of words and constructions.
The use of culture, pooled samples and PCR for identification of herds infected withBrachyspira hyodysenteriae
Authors: Fellström Claes , Zimmerman Ulla , Aspan Anna , Gunnarsson Anders 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe sensitivity of culturingBrachyspira hyodysenteriaewas determined after sampling with swabs from porcine fecal specimens inoculated with tenfold dilutions of a field strain of these microbes. After storage of swabs,Brachyspira hyodysenteriaewas recovered throughout the first 3 weeks after inoculation from feces with more than 140 cells/g. Viable spirochetes could still be recovered after up to 83 days of storage from feces, with 1.4 × 106cells or more per gram. Culture forBrachyspiraspp. was performed on 285 rectal swabs, which were pooled in batches of five. The number of pooled samples positive forB. hyodysenteriaecorresponded with the sum results of individual analysis of the corresponding collections of five samples. A PCR system based on thetlyA gene ofB.hyodysenteriaewas developed and tested on primary cultures of pooled samples. The results of the PCR assay showed a 97% correlation with the culture results. The prevalence ofBrachyspiraspp. was determined in five swine herds and found to be highest among breeding gilts and boars aged 13–16 weeks and among 6–12-week-old weaned pigs. In contrast,Brachyspiraspp. were only rarely found in sows, which may reflect the development of immunity by adult pigs to all species of the genus.
Pathogenesis of African swine fever virus inOrnithodorosticks
Authors: Kleiboeker Steven B. , Scoles Glen A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only known DNA arbovirus and the sole member of the family Asfarviridae. It causes a lethal, hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. ASFV is enzootic in sub-Saharan Africa and is maintained in a sylvatic cycle by infecting both wild members of the Suidae (e.g. warthogs) and the argasid tickOrnithodoros porcinus porcinus. The pathogenesis of ASFV inO. porcinus porcinusticks is characterized by a low infectious dose, lifelong infection, efficient transmission to both pigs and ticks, and low mortality until after the first oviposition. ASFV pathogenesis in warthogs is characterized by an inapparent infection with transient, low viremic titers. ThusO. porcinus porcinusticks probably constitute the most important natural vector of ASFV, although both the mammalian and tick hosts are probably required for the maintenance of ASFV in the sylvatic cycle. The mechanism of ASFV transmission from the sylvatic cycle to domestic pigs is probably through infected ticks feeding on pigs. In addition toO. porcinus porcinus, a number of North American, Central American and Caribbean species ofOrnithodoroshave been shown to be potential vectors of ASFV.
Marijuana use and Mortality following Orthopedic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Moon Andrew S. , Smith Walter , Mullen Sawyer , Ponce Brent A. , McGwin Gerald , Shah Ashish , Naranje Sameer M. 
Published: March 2018

Background The association between marijuana use and surgical procedures is a matter of increasing societal relevance that has not been well studied in the literature. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between marijuana use and in-hospital mortality, as well as to assess associated comorbidities in patients undergoing commonly billed orthopedic surgeries. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2010 to 2014 was used to determine the odds ratios for the associations between marijuana use and in-hospital mortality, heart failure (HF), stroke, and cardiac disease (CD) in patients undergoing 5 common orthopedic procedures: total hip (THA), total knee (TKA), and total shoulder (TSA) arthroplasties, spinal fusion, and traumatic femur fracture fixation. Results Of 9,561,963 patients who underwent one of the 5 selected procedures in the 4-year period, 26,416 (0.28%) were identified with a diagnosis of marijuana use disorder. In hip and knee arthroplasty patients, marijuana use was associated with decreased odds of mortality compared with no marijuana use ( P < .0001) and increased odds of HF ( P = .018), stroke ( P = .0068), and CD ( P = .0123). Traumatic femur fixation patients had the highest prevalence of marijuana use (0.70%), which was associated with decreased odds of mortality ( P = .0483), HF ( P = .0076), and CD ( P = .0003). For spinal fusions, marijuana use was associated with increased odds of stroke ( P < .0001) and CD ( P < .0001). Marijuana use in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty was associated with decreased odds of mortality ( P < .001) and stroke ( P < .001). Conclusions In this study, marijuana use was associated with decreased mortality in patients undergoing THA, TKA, TSA, and traumatic femur fixation, although the significance of these findings remains unclear. More research is needed to provide insight into these associations in a growing surgical population.
Nonpharmacological Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: What Works, in What Circumstances, and Why?
Authors: Caspar Sienna , Davis Erin D , Douziech Aimee , Scott David R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) refer to the often distressing, noncognitive symptoms of dementia. BPSD appear in up to 90% of persons with dementia and can cause serious complications. Reducing the use of antipsychotic medications to treat BPSD is an international priority. This review addresses the following questions: What nonpharmacological interventions work to manage BPSD? And, in what circumstances do they work and why?

Method
A realist review was conducted to identify and explain the interactions among context, mechanism, and outcome. We searched electronic databases for empirical studies that reported a formal evaluation of nonpharmacological interventions to decrease BPSD.

Results
Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Three mechanisms emerged as necessary for sustained effective outcomes: the caring environment, care skill development and maintenance, and individualization of care. We offer hypotheses about how different contexts account for the success, failure, or partial success of these mechanisms within the interventions.

Discussion
Nonpharmacological interventions for BPSD should include consideration of both the physical and the social environment, ongoing education/training and support for care providers, and individualized approaches that promote self-determination and continued opportunities for meaning and purpose for persons with dementia.
Continuous Cocycle Superrigidity for the Full Shift Over a Finitely Generated Torsion Group
Authors: Cohen David Bruce 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Chung and Jiang showed that if a one-ended group contains an infinite order element, then every continuous cocycle over the full shift, taking values in a discrete group, must be cohomologous to a homomorphism. We show that their conclusion holds for all one-ended groups, so that the hypothesis of admitting an infinite order element may be omitted.
How do basophils contribute to Th2 cell differentiation and allergic responses?
Authors: Karasuyama Hajime , Miyake Kensuke , Yoshikawa Soichiro , Kawano Yohei , Yamanishi Yoshinori 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Basophils and mast cells share some features, including basophilic granules in the cytoplasm, cell surface expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor and release of chemical mediators such as histamine. Because of this similarity and their minority status, basophils had often been erroneously considered as minor relatives or blood-circulating precursors of tissue-resident mast cells, and therefore long been neglected or underestimated in immunological studies. Taking advantage of newly developed tools, such as basophil-depleting antibodies and engineered mice deficient for only basophils, recent studies have identified previously unappreciated roles for basophils, distinct from those played by mast cells, in allergic responses, protective immunity against parasitic infections and regulation of other immune cells. In this review, we focus on two topics that we presented and discussed in the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Immunology held in Sendai in December 2017. The first topic is the function of basophils as antigen-presenting cells for driving Th2 cell differentiation. We demonstrated that basophils produce few or no MHC class II (MHC-II) proteins by themselves although they can acquire peptide–MHC-II complexes from dendritic cells through trogocytosis, and present them and provide IL-4 to naive CD4 T cells, promoting Th2 cell differentiation. The second topic is the basophil-specific effector molecules involved in allergic responses. Among mouse mast cell proteases (mMCPs), mMCP-8 and mMCP-11 are expressed almost exclusively by basophils. Analyses in vitro and in vivo revealed that both proteases can induce leukocyte migration through distinct mechanisms, contributing to the development of basophil-dependent allergic inflammation.
Metastasis-related methyltransferase 1 (Merm1) represses the methyltransferase activity of Dnmt3a and facilitates RNA polymerase I transcriptional elongation
Authors: Lyu Guoliang , Zong Le , Zhang Chao , Huang Xiaoke , Xie Wenbing , Fang Junnan , Guan Yiting , Zhang Lijun , Ni Ting , Gu Jun , Tao Wei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Stimulatory regulators for DNA methyltransferase activity, such as Dnmt3L and some Dnmt3b isoforms, affect DNA methylation patterns, thereby maintaining gene body methylation and maternal methylation imprinting, as well as the methylation landscape of pluripotent cells. Here we show that metastasis-related methyltransferase 1 (Merm1), a protein deleted in individuals with Williams–Beuren syndrome, acts as a repressive regulator of Dnmt3a. Merm1 interacts with Dnmt3a and represses its methyltransferase activity with the requirement of the binding motif for S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Functional analysis of gene regulation revealed that Merm1 is capable of maintaining hypomethylated rRNA gene bodies and co-localizes with RNA polymerase I in the nucleolus. Dnmt3a recruits Merm1, and in return, Merm1 ensures the binding of Dnmt3a to hypomethylated gene bodies. Such interplay between Dnmt3a and Merm1 facilitates transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase I. Our findings reveal a repressive factor for Dnmt3a and uncover a molecular mechanism underlying transcriptional elongation of rRNA genes.
Sliding Distal Metatarsal Minimally Invasive Osteotomy (S-DMMO) for the Treatment of Tailor’s Bunion
Authors: del Vecchio Jorge J. , Ghioldi Mauricio E. , Dalmau-Pastor Miki , Uzair Anuar E. , Chemes Lucas 
Published: March 2018

Bunionette, or Tailor’s bunion, refers to a painful lateral prominence at the fifth metatarsal head. Metatarsal osteotomies have proved to be a successful treatment, and have been described at the distal, diaphyseal, and proximal levels. Distal metatarsal osteotomies have been reported as effective in bunionette correction in several clinical studies. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of percutaneous or minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of this condition. Minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) has proved to be successful when treating metatarsalgia. We present a surgical technique consisting in a distal osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal, which resembles DMMO, but requires a lateral displacement. We retrospectively investigated 38 feet from 32 patients with symptomatic bunionette deformity and showed good to excellent functional and clinical results. The S-DMMO proved to be a safe (low complication rate) and effective (adequate clinical results and powerful radiologic correction) procedure for the treatment of bunionette deformity.Level of Evidence:Diagnostic Level 4. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Association Between Changes in Caregiver Depressive Symptoms and Child Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Walls Morgan , Cabral Howard , Feinberg Emily , Silverstein Michael 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Depression is highly prevalent among caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined the association between caregiver depressive symptom trajectories and changes in child ADHD symptoms.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a randomized trial of 2 ADHD care management systems for children aged 6 to 12 years and their caregivers (n = 156 dyads). Child ADHD symptoms were measured using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IV). Caregiver depressive symptoms were measured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). Measures were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. We used multivariable models to examine associations between changes in caregiver depressive symptoms and changes in child ADHD symptoms.

Results:
From baseline to 12 months, children of caregivers with improved depressive symptoms had significantly greater reductions in SNAP-IV scores (change score: −1.43) compared with those whose depressive symptoms did not change (change score: −0.97) or worsened (change score: −0.23, p = 0.003). In adjusted models, improved caregiver depressive symptoms were associated with greater reductions in SNAP-IV scores over the 12-month period. Compared with those with worsening caregiver depressive symptoms, children whose caregivers showed no significant changes in depressive symptoms had a −0.78 point (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.40 to −0.17) greater reduction in the SNAP-IV score, and those children whose caregiver depressive symptoms improved had a −1.31 point greater reduction in the SNAP-IV score (95% CI: −1.97 to −0.66).

Conclusion:
Given the longitudinal association between caregiver depressive symptom and child ADHD symptom trajectories, interventions that address the behavioral health needs of the family unit may offer promise for urban children with ADHD.
Lateral Branch of the Thoracodorsal Nerve (LaT Branch) Transfer for Biceps Reinnervation
Authors: Schusterman M. Asher , Jindal Rishi , Unadkat Jignesh V. , Spiess Alexander M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
In cases of significant upper extremity trauma, the thoracodorsal nerve is a reliable secondary option for the restoration of elbow flexion. In all previous descriptions, however, the entire nerve is transferred. We describe a case utilizing the lateral thoracodorsal nerve (LaT) branch for biceps reinnervation with an associated cadaver study. Transfer of the LaT branch to the biceps branch was performed on a patient who had sustained a traumatic brachial plexus injury that left him without elbow flexion. Also, 4 cadavers (8 upper extremities) were dissected to identify the bifurcation of the thoracodorsal nerve and confirm the feasibility of transferring the LaT branch to the biceps motor branch. Axon counts of the thoracodorsal proper, LaT branch, musculocutaneous proper, and the biceps branch were also obtained. A bifurcation of the thoracodorsal nerve was present in all cadaver specimens, with an average distance of 7.5 cm (range, 6.2–9.8 cm) from the insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Axon counts revealed a donor-to-recipient ratio of 0.85:1. Follow-up of our patient at 1 year showed improvement of elbow flexion manual muscle testing grade from 0 to 4/5. Furthermore, electromyography at 1 year confirmed biceps reinnervation and showed normal readings of the latissimus compared with preoperative electromyography. Transfer of the LaT branch is a viable and minimally morbid option for biceps reinnervation after traumatic branchial plexus injury. Further follow-up of our patient and larger prospective studies are needed to understand the true potential of this nerve transfer.