bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Effective Mathematical Programming Model for Production Automatic Robot Path Planning
Authors: Fazlollahtabar Hamed 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Path planning for production robots has been investigated. The sequence of the orders to be processed in a certain planning horizon has been planned for the production system.

Methods:
Production automatic robots are employed to carry parts and products among all production stations and machining centers. The combination of machines in stations and autonomous robot evolves a production network.

Results:
The problem is to assign orders to robots so that paths are obtained to minimize total waiting times of production system and meanwhile provide collision-free paths.

Conclusion:
The proposed mathematical formulation is implemented to show the efficiency and effectiveness.
Radiographic position of the mental foramen
Authors: Rothe Tushar Manohar 
Published: March 2019

Background: The location of the mental foramen is important for dental surgeons. Variations in its locations can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures which involving mandible. The usual location of the mental foramen in an Indian population has not been previously reported.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most common location of the mental foramen in an Indian population.Materials and Methods: 260 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the mental foramina in male and female subjects.Results: We found that the mental foramen was located between the first and second premolars in 20% , in line with the second premolar in 61%, between the second premolar and mesial root of first molar 3.8%, In the line of mesial root of first molar 5.3% and distal to mesial root of first molar 0.3%. It was symmetrical in 59 %.Conclusions: This study emphasis that the most common location of mental foramen is in the line of second premolar followed by between the two premolars. The clinician should asses the location of mental foramen before any surgical intervention involving mandible.
Chemical Induced Liver Injury: Types, Mechanisms and Biomarkers
Authors: Sachan 1 Richa , Singh 2 Rajbala 
Published: March 2019

Liver is a primary organ involved in biotransformation of foods and drugs. Liver diseases are a major worldwide problem; Hepatic disorders are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, e.g. - alcohol, carbon tetra chloride, anticancer agent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-tuberculosis agent and heavy metals. Various risk factors for liver damage include age, gender, alcoholism, nutrition and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 have also been considered. The present review enumerate various hepatic diseases, risk factors and chemicals induced hepatic injury via different mechanical pathway as well as numerous biochemical changes viz. serum biomarkers, proteomics biomarkers, genomic biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers and micro RNA. This review could be immensely useful for researchers especially for pharmacologists, toxicologist working on hepatotoxicity and drug research organization.
Investigation of thermometrical optical characteristics influence on spectral thermometry metrological characteristics
Authors: Zhukov 1 Leonid , Petrenko 2 D. A. , Коrnienko 3 А. L. 
Published: March 2019

The complex of investigations of optical characteristics of controlled objects and spectral symmetric-wave and two-colour compensating thermometry (SWT and TCCT) influence on their errors of method and instrumental errors is performed. Advantages of these new methods in the field of errors of method, in comparison with known spectral and also classical energy and spectral ratio thermometry are proved. It is established that right use of the SWT and the TCCT, which takes into account thermometrical conditions, allows to completely exclude methodical and instrumental components from the errors of optical temperature measurements. Spectral thermometry is based on remote quantitative determination of the spectral emissivity distributions of controlled objects. Using these distributions and well-known relationships between the spectral coefficients of emission, absorption, reflection and transmission we can determine macro-optical characteristics of these objects and remotely investigate them.
Time plots, trends and seasonal growth/ decay of Cr removal in vertical subsurface flow sewage treatment wetland
Authors: Defo 1 Celestin , Kaur 2 Ravinder 
Published: March 2019

The present research work aimed at analysing the time series and estimation of seasonal growth/ decay of heavy metals dynamics in the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs) planted with Typha, Phragmites, Vaccha, Arundo and Vetiver on gravel media. Monthly plant and wastewater samples were collected for 15 months from the VSSF CWs. Plant and water samples were pre-treated in the laboratory, digested using diacid and their heavy metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after filtration. The Main results indicated that the maximum uptakes of metals by plant occurred in summer while the minimum plant uptakes were recorded in winter, regardless of metal concentrations applied and the trends showed a slightly stable profile irrespectively to the level of concentration applied. For the adsorption processes of Cr in the media (gravel) of the constructed wetlands, it appeared that this process was not significantly changing as function of time, except for Cr 1.5 ppm.
Analyzing the impact of dust accumulation and different cleaning mechanism on efficiency of solar photovoltaic panel
Authors: Kumar1 Atul , Manish2 Srivastava 
Published: March 2019

Electricity generation around the world is mainly produced by using non-renewable energy sources especially in the commercial buildings. However, Rooftop solar Photovoltaic (PV) system produced a significant impact on environmental and economical benefits in comparison to the conventional energy sources, thus contributing to sustainable development. Such PV’s system encourages the production of electricity without greenhouse gas emissions that leads to a clean alternative to fossil fuels and economic prosperity even in less developed areas. However, efficiency of rooftop solar PV systems depends on many factors, the dominant being geographical (latitude, longitude, and solar intensity), environmental (temperature, wind, humidity, pollution, dust, rain, etc.) and the type of PV (from raw material extraction and procurement, to manufacturing, disposal, and/or recycling) used. During the feasibility analysis of the environment, geographical conditions are keep in well consideration, but the pollution level of the city is always overlooked, which significantly influences the performance of the PV installations. Therefore, this research work focused on the performance of rooftop solar PV installed in one of the most polluted city in India. Here, the loss in power generation of rooftop solar PV has been studied for the effect of deposited dust particles, wind velocity before and after the cleaning of the panels. The actual data has been utilized for the calculation of the energy efficiency and power output of the PV systems. According to the results, it has been concluded that dust deposition, wind speed and pollution level in city significantly reduces the efficiency of solar photovoltaic panel. Hence, an overview of social and environmental impacts of PV technologies is presented in this paper along with potential benefits and pitfalls.
Experimental and simulative investigation of the oil distribution during a deep-hole drilling process and comparing of the RANS kω-SST and RANS hybrid SAS-SST turbulence model
Authors: Oezkaya Ekrem 
Published: March 2019

Helical deep hole drilling is a process frequently used in industrial applications to produce bores with a large length to diameter ratio. For better cooling and lubrication, the deep drilling oil is fed directly into the bore hole via two internal cooling channels. Due to the inaccessibility of the cutting area, experimental investigations that provide information on the actual machining and cooling behavior are difficult to carry out. In this paper, the distribution of the deep drilling oil is investigated both experimentally and simulatively and the results are evaluated. For the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, two different turbulence models, i.e. the RANS k-ω-SST and hybrid SAS-SST model, are used and compared. Thereby, the actual used deep drilling oil is modelled instead of using fluid dynamic parameters of water, as is often the case. With the hybrid SAS-SST model, the flow could be analyzed much better than with the RANS k-ω-SST model and thus the processes that take place during helical deep drilling could be simulated with realistic details. Both the experimental and the simulative results show that the deep drilling oil movement is almost exclusively generated by the tool rotation. At the tool’s cutting edges and in the flute, the flow velocity drops to zero for the most part, so that no efficient cooling and lubrication could take place there. In addition, cavitation bubbles form and implode, concluding in the assumption that the process heat is not adequately dissipated and the removal of chips is adversely affected, which in turn can affect the service life of the tool and the bore quality. The carried out investigations show that the application of CFD simulation is an important research instrument in machining technology and that there is still great potential in the area of tool and process optimization.
Investigation Influence of Store Type on Emotional State of Consumer in the Urban Purchase
Authors: Halkin Andrii , Bliumska-Danko Kseniia , Smihunova Olena , Dudnyk Elena , Balandina Iryna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The shopping service of the store plays an important role in shaping the opinions of customers in a store. Endless progress has been made on quality management of consumer services confirmed through numerous methods and standards that are based on consumers. A typical consumer receives a large amount of information in the shopping process. In the process of perception of this information, consumer must not only find necessary data, but also process, analyze, and evaluate this date, and weigh the pros and cons, relate it to his own needs, and at the end, make a decision: to buy or not to buy a certain product. All these reflect on consumer’s fatigue, stress, and other negative fallings obtained during any shopping. In this case, the buyer can make the wrong choice and the quality of his decisions would deteriorate. Therefore, investigation influence of store type on the emotional state of consumers in the urban purchase provides significant reserve for marketing development in this sphere. Research provides explanation of emotional fatigue on the type of stores. The regression models describing the shift in emotional state of the buyer in purchase process of different type of shops were obtained. Research was conducted in the residential area of Kharkiv, Ukraine. The presented model shows the average value of the indicator of the emotional system of buyers after shopping, which can be used to determine the likelihood of shopping on the basis of emotional fatigue.
Correlation Between Customer Relationship Management System Usage, Product Innovation, And Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Elfarmawi Wouroud 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This quantitative correlational research examined the correlations between customer relation-ship management (CRM) usage, product innovation, and customer satisfaction. The general problem was the lack of evidence indicating the use of CRM system as effective in improving small- to medi-um-size companies’ performance. Hence, the specific problem was to determine the beneficial use of a CRM system for customer satisfaction and product innovation. Data were gathered through sur-veymonkey.com. A total of 97 respondents were selected as sample from 10 small- to medium-size companies to answer the survey questions. Respondents were top managers, middle managers, and first-line managers of the selected organization. Statistics of the study were provided with the help of IBM Statistical Package for Social and Sciences version 23. The findings showed a strong correlation between the use of CRM system and customer satisfaction. They indicated the use of CRM system could improve the relationship with existing customers, could help attract prospective customers, and could win back former customers.
A Certain Seminal Character of Profit which We Commonly Call “Capital”: Peter of John Olivi and the Tractatus de contractibus
Authors: Franco Giuseppe , Nickl Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Tractatus de contractibus shows that there are mainly three fundamental economic views that characterize the originality and the acuteness of Olivi’s thought: a subject-based theory of value, a theory of just price, and the theoretical-systematic use of the concept of capital. Olivi’s distinction between simply sterile money and fertile, lucrative money – called capitale (capital) – is central. His – at that time – revolutionary thought challenges the theory of money as a mere means of exchange; he acknowledged the legitimacy of trade and the added value (valor superadiunctus) of capital. Thus, he allowed a price as compensation or as remuneration for the owner’s foregone use of the capital. This is not a mere scholastic subtlety, but it is a serious attempt to grasp different phenomena with different concepts.
The Mittelstand: a Specific Entrepreneurial Profile of the Social Market Economy
Authors: Welter Friederike 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mittelstand companies are the backbone of the German economy: they constitute the vast majority of enterprises in Germany, contribute to employment, and are a pillar of the German apprenticeship system. The specific ownership–management structure of the Mittelstand used to go hand in hand with social, intergenerational, and regional responsibility. However, today’s very small and young entrepreneurs do not perceive themselves as Mittelstand; many entrepreneurs do not intend to employ others, and structural changes in the economy have also resulted in fundamental changes of the Mittelstand. This paper explores the characteristics of the Mittelstand and its future, asking whether Mittelstand will continue to play a fundamental role in the social market economy in Germany.
Adjusting for Measurement Error in Retrospectively Reported Work Histories: An Analysis Using Swedish Register Data
Authors: Pina-Sánchez Jose , Koskinen Johan , Plewis Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe use work histories retrospectively reported and matched to register data from the Swedish unemployment office to assess: 1) the prevalence of measurement error in reported spells of unemployment; 2) the impact of using such spells as the response variable of an exponential model; and 3) strategies for the adjustment of the measurement error. Due to the omission or misclassification of spells in work histories we cannot carry out typical adjustments for memory failures based on multiplicative models. Instead we suggest an adjustment method based on a mixture Bayesian model capable of differentiating between misdated spells and those for which the observed and true durations are unrelated. This adjustment is applied in two manners, one assuming access to a validation subsample and another relying on a strong prior for the mixture mechanism. Both solutions demonstrate a substantial reduction in the vast biases observed in the regression coefficients of the exponential model when survey data is used.
Pockets of Inequality in the Distribution of U.S. Pharmacists’ Wages and Salaries: A Gender Comparison
Authors: Carvajal Manuel , Popovici Ioana , Hardigan Patrick 
Published: March 2019

Background: The literature contains conflicting arguments regarding inequalities in the distribution of U.S. pharmacists’ wages and salaries and the existence of a gender earnings gap. Some authors argue that the dispersion is small compared to other professions and there is no gap; others report that after controlling for number of hours worked, human-capital stock, and job-related preferences, male pharmacists earn higher wages and salaries than female pharmacists.
Objectives: Estimate the central tendency and spread of wages and salaries of pharmacists practicing in the U.S., compare earning levels of male and female pharmacists, and examine the pockets of inequality within each gender.
Methods: The study used self-reported survey data collected from a random sample of licensed pharmacists practicing throughout the United States. The sample consisted of 375 men and 279 women. Means and standard deviations of wage-and-salary earnings for male and female pharmacists were estimated by age, number of hours worked, years of professional experience, marital status, type of pharmacy degree, main role as pharmacist, and type of practice site. The spread of wages and salaries within gender was analyzed using the Gini coefficient.
Results: A total of 654 pharmacists provided answers to all relevant questions in the questionnaire (28.9% response rate). Wages and salaries of male pharmacists exceeded those of female pharmacists, but the gap was restricted to practitioners with selected characteristics–older, married, with more experience, whose primary role was dispensing medications, and practicing in a hospital setting. The greatest wage-and-salary inequalities were observed among older pharmacists, with more years of professional experience, and whose primary role was dispensing medications. Different gender-specific pockets of inequality were identified in all variables studied and all categories within these variables.
Conclusion: The seemingly smooth gender-specific distribution of earnings in the pharmacy profession might be the result of opposing trends by different groups of practitioners that cancel each other when analyzed aggregately. By estimating the wages and salaries for selected categories of pharmacists and examining the pockets of inequality within each gender, this study shed light into recent labor market developments and will hopefully stimulate further research into the dynamics of the pharmacist workforce.

Article Type: Original Research
The Policies for Development of Technology and Science Information System: International Experience and Practice in Vietnam
Authors: Vũ Huy Thắng 
Published: March 2019

The paper will study on Reality of the policy reseach for development for Technology and science information System in the world and practices in Vietnam. Describe policies for developing some of the world's leading Technology and science information centers. Assessing the current state of the Technology and science information system, legal bases and importance of the Technology and science information system for the development of the maritime field
Prosaptia contigua C. Presl (Grammitidaceae), a New Record for Vietnam
Authors: Toan Nguyen Cong , Thanh Nguyen Trung , Loc Phan Ke 
Published: March 2019

The specimens of the genus Prosaptia C. Presl (family Grammitidaceae) stored in the Herbarium of VNU University of Science (HNU) were studied. Traditional morphological methods are used to study the specimens. The result provides descriptions, illustrations and comparisons of 6 species that listed of the genus Prosaptia follow as: P. alata, P. barathrophylla, P. intermedia, P. pectinata, P. obliquata and P. contigua. Prosaptia contigua (G. Forst.) C. Presl has been determined as a new record for the flora of Vietnam.
Keywords
Genus Prosaptia, Grammitidaceae, new record for the flora of Vietnam, Prosaptia contigua
References
[1] Tardieu-Blot M.L. and Christensen C., Prosaptia C. Presl., In Gagnepain F. Flore Générale De L'Indo-Chine Tome 7, Part. 2, Fasc.9, Masson et CieÉditeurs, Paris, 1941, 528-531.[2] Phạm Hoàng Hộ, Cây cỏ Việt Nam, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, Quyển I, Tập 1, Montréal- published by the author, 1991, 139.[3] Phan Ke Loc, The Updated Checklist of the Fern Flora of Vietnam following the classification scheme of A. Smith et al., (2006), J. Fairylake Botanical Garden 9 (3), 2010, 1-13.[4] Parris B.S., Cheng W.C., Tian C.H., Ngan L.T., Dat N.Q., and Truong L.H., New species and records of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) for Vietnam, Phytotaxa 266 (1), 2015, 39.[5] Blume C.L., Davallia alata, Enumeratio Plantarum Javae 2, Apud J.W. van Leeuwen, Lugduni Batavorum (Leiden), 1928, 230.[6] Parris B.S., 40. Grammitidaceae - 7. Prosaptia. In Parris B.S., Kiew R., Chung R.C.K., Saw L.G. & Seopadmo E. eds), Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Ser. I. Ferns and Lycophytes, Malaysia, Vol. 1, 2010, 170-182.[7] Baker J.G., Polypodium barathrophyllum In Britten, J., J. Bot., 29, Robert Hardwicke, London, 1891, 107-108.[8] Zhang X.C. et al., Polypodiaceae: Prosaptia, In Wu Z.Y., Raven P.H. & Hong, D.Y., eds. Flora of China, Vol. 2-3 (Pteridophytes), Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis), 2013, 846-848.[9] Blume C.L., Polypodium obliquatum, Enumeratio Plantarum Javae fasc., 2, Apud J.W. van Leeuwen, Lugduni Batavorum (Leiden), 1828, 128.[10] http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/factsheets/index.php?q=Prosaptia_alata.xml [11] http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/ [12] http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ [13] https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1697870613 [14] Tian C.H., Hsin C.H., Chien Y.L., Wen L.C, Yao M.H. and Yi H.C., New Additions to the Fern Flora of Taiwan (3), Taiwan J For Sci., 30 (2), 2015, 135.
Impact of Hip Flexion Angle on Unilateral and Bilateral Nordic Hamstring Exercise Torque and High-Density Electromyography Activity
Authors: Hegyi András , Lahti Johan , Giacomo Jean-Patrick , Gerus Pauline , Cronin Neil J. , Morin Jean-Benoit 
Published: March 2019

Background In the bilateral Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), hamstrings operate at relatively short lengths, which may limit the efficacy of the NHE in hamstring injury prevention. Objectives To examine knee flexion torque and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) and semitendinosus (ST) high-density electromyography (EMG) activity during the unilateral and bilateral NHE, performed with either neutral (NHE0) or 90°-flexed (NHE90) hips. Methods In this laboratory study, exercises were performed on a novel device at the eccentric 1-repetition maximum load defined for 90° to 15° of knee range of motion. Torque and EMG signals normalized to maximal voluntary isometric activity were compared in different phases of the exercises with statistical parametric mapping. Results The EMG levels were lower in NHE90 than in NHE0, mainly in the second half of the movement. Knee flexor eccentric torque was higher in NHE90 than in NHE0 from the beginning to 87% of the bilateral movement, and over the entire unilateral movement. In NHE0, ST activity compared to BFLH activity was higher during the initial movement phase and lower when the movement was close to knee extension. Torque and EMG activity were generally similar in the bilateral and unilateral modes. Conclusion If performed with neutral hips, the NHE selectively activates the BFLH near full knee extension. Performing the NHE with hips flexed to 90° is preferable when higher passive torque and ST selectivity are targeted at a longer muscle length. Performing these exercises unilaterally could help train each limb separately, with similar torque and EMG output to those of the bilateral conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(8):584–592. Epub 26 Mar 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8801