bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteins Identified from Saliva and Salivary Glands of the Chinese Gall Aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis
Authors: Yang Zixiang , Ma Lin , Francis Frederic , Yang Ying , Chen Hang , Wu Haixia , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAphid saliva plays an essential role in the interaction between aphids and their host plants. Several aphid salivary proteins have been identified but none from galling aphids. Here the salivary proteins from the Chinese gall aphid are analyzed, Schlechtendalia chinensis, via an LC‐MS/MS analysis. A total of 31 proteins are identified directly from saliva collected via an artificial diet, and 141 proteins are identified from extracts derived from dissected salivary glands. Among these identified proteins, 17 are found in both collected saliva and dissected salivary glands. In comparison with salivary proteins from ten other free‐living Hemipterans, the most striking feature of the salivary protein from S. chinensis is the existence of high proportion of proteins with binding activity, including DNA‐, protein‐, ATP‐, and iron‐binding proteins. These proteins maybe involved in gall formation. These results provide a framework for future research to elucidate the molecular basis for gall induction by galling aphids.
Synthetic Routes to Shaped AuPt Core–Shell Particles with Smooth Surfaces Based on Design Rules for Au Nanoparticle Growth
Authors: Stone Aidan L. , King Melissa E. , McDarby Sean P. , Robertson Daniel D. , Personick Michelle L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWidespread implementation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is limited by the performance of Pt catalysts because of the high cost of Pt and the propensity for catalyst surfaces to lose activity as a result of surface poisoning. AuPt core–shell particles show potential to address these issues, but offer new challenges because of the immiscibility of Au and Pt during particle growth. In this work, AuPt core–shell particles with distinct shapes are made using a one‐pot synthesis under mild reaction conditions by exploiting the difference in reduction rate between Au and Pt ions. Employing this approach results in smooth, well‐defined surfaces, rather than the more commonly observed dendritic or island‐like Pt shells that generally form when presynthesized Au cores are used to template Au‐core/Pt‐shell particle growth. By using the established mechanisms of Au nanoparticle growth, facile modification of particle shape and size is achieved with no significant change to the Pt surface. Consequently, this approach also offers a synthetic route to the preparation of more complex AuPt nanostructures, such as those with exotic shapes and high‐energy surface facets.
Point of care diaphragm ultrasound in infants with bronchiolitis: A prospective study
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Supino Maria C. , Giglioni Emanuele , Battaglia Massimo , Mesturino Alessia , Scateni Simona , Scialanga Barbara , Reale Antonino , Musolino Anna M.C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of children worldwide. Many scoring systems have been developed to quantify respiratory distress and predict outcome, but none of them have been validated. We hypothesized that the ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm could quantify respiratory distress and therefore we correlated the ultrasound diaphragm parameters with outcome.MethodsProspective study of infants with bronchiolitis (1‐12 months) evaluated in a pediatric emergency department. Ultrasonography examinations of the diaphragm was performed (diaphragm excursion [DE], inspiratory excursion [IS], inspiratory/expiratory relationship [I/E], and thickness at end‐expiration [TEE] and at end‐inspiration [TEI]; thickening fraction [TF]).ResultsWe evaluated 61 infants, 50.8 % males. Mean TF was 47% (IQR 28.6‐64.7), mean I/E 0.47 (± 0.15), mean DE 10.39 ± 4 mm. There was a linear correlation between TF and oxygen saturation at first evaluation (P = 0.006, r = 0.392). All children with lower values of TF required HFNC and one of them required CPAP. A higher IS was associated with the future need of respiratory support during admission (P = 0.007). IS correlated with the hours of oxygen delivery needed (P = 0.032, r = 0.422). TEI (t = 3.701, P = 0.002) was found to be main predictor of hours of oxygen delivery needed.ConclusionThis study described ultrasound diaphragmatic values of previously healthy infants with bronchiolitis. DE, IS, and TEI correlated with outcome. If confirmed in larger studies, bedside ultrasound semiology of the diaphragm can be a new objective tool for the evaluation and outcome prediction of infants with bronchiolitis.
Diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic relevance of thoracoscopic lung biopsies in children
Authors: Fortmann Caroline , Schwerk Nicolaus , Wetzke Martin , Schukfeh Nagoud , Ure Benno M. , Dingemann Jens 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionHistopathological assessment of lung biopsies does play an important diagnostic role in children's interstitial lung disease (ChILD). Thoracoscopic lung biopsy has been shown to be safe and effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of thoracoscopic lung biopsies in children with ChILD. Furthermore, therapeutic relevance of the procedure, operative details, and perioperative complications of our series were investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive thoracoscopic lung biopsies taken from children with suspected ChILD in our institution over an 11‐year period. Feasibility and complications were evaluated as well as histopathological diagnoses according to the recent ChILD classification and relevance of the procedure for medical treatment.ResultsFifty‐nine patients (54.2% male, median age 7 years [8 d‐18 y]) underwent 112 thoracoscopic lung biopsies. An endostapler (27%), endoloop ligature (63%), or cut and suture technique (10%) were used. A chest tube was placed in 54% of the cases. Complications occurred in 15% of cases and mainly consisted of pneumothoraces or bleedings. Adequate tissue was obtained in all but one case and the biopsy led to a specific diagnosis according to the ChILD classification in 98%. Medical treatment of the underlying disease was changed due to the results of the biopsy in 86%.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of thoracoscopic lung biopsies in children with suspected ChILD is high. The histopathologic results lead to a disease‐specific treatment in the majority of the cases. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy is a safe and effective procedure with a low complication rate.
Ser‐486/491 phosphorylation and inhibition of AMPKα activity is positively associated with Gleason score, metastasis, and castration‐resistance in prostate cancer: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Babcook Melissa A. , Akgul Mahmut , Margevicius Seunghee , MacLennan Gregory T. , Fu Pingfu , Abouassaly Robert , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPKα) activity is significantly inhibited by Ser‐486/491 phosphorylation in cell culture and in vivo models of metastatic and castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and hypothesized these findings may translate to clinical specimens.MethodsIn this retrospective, single‐institution pilot study, 45 metastatic prostate cancer cases were identified within the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Pathology Archive with both metastasis and matched primary prostate tumor specimens in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded blocks, and complete electronic medical records. Thirty non‐metastatic, hormone‐dependent prostate cancer controls, who were progression‐free as defined by undetectable prostate specific antigen for at least 79.6 months (range 79.6‐136.0 months), and matched metastatic cases based on age, race, and year of diagnosis. All specimens were collected from 1991 to 2014; primary tumor specimens were obtained via diagnostic biopsy or prostatectomy, and metastasis specimens obtained via surgery or perimortem. 5‐μ sequential slides were processed for phospho‐Ser‐486/491 AMPKα1/α2, phospho‐Thr‐172 AMPKα, AMPKα1/α2, phospho‐Ser‐792 Raptor, phospho‐Ser‐79 acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, and phospho‐Ser‐872, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase immunohistochemistry to determine expression, phosphorylation pattern, and activity of AMPKα.ResultsIncreased inhibitory Ser‐486/491 AMPKα1/α2 phosphorylation, increased AMPKα protein expression, decreased AMPKα activity, and loss of nuclear AMPKα and p‐AMPKα are associated with prostate cancer progression to metastasis. Increased p‐Ser‐486/491 AMPKα1/α2 was also positively correlated with higher Gleason grade and progression to castration‐resistance.Conclusionsp‐Ser‐486/491 AMPKα1/α2 is a novel marker of prostate cancer metastasis and castration‐resistance. Ser‐486/491 phosphokinases should be pursued as targets for metastatic and castration‐resistant prostate cancer chemotherapy.
Rapid and simultaneous quantification of a mixture of biopharmaceuticals by a liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric method in rat plasma following cassette‐dosing
Authors: Park Min‐Ho , Byeon Jin‐Ju , Shin Seok‐Ho , Kim Nahye , Park Yuri , ill Lee Byeong , Choi Jangmi , Shin Young G. 
Published: March 2018

RationaleThe cassette‐dosing technique is a technique that administers various drugs to a single animal at once and quantitated simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cassette‐dosing as a means of increasing throughput and decreasing animal usage for pharmacokinetic studies of biopharmaceuticals using liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric (LC/TOF‐MS) analysis.MethodsBrentuximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab and adalimumab were used as model biopharmaceuticals. The method consisted of immunoprecipitation followed by tryptic digestion for sample preparation and LC/TOF‐MS analysis of specific signature peptides in the positive ion mode using electrospray ionization. The specific signature peptides used for quantification were from the complementarity‐determining regions of each mAb. All rats received a single intravenous bolus injection containing either a single mAb or a mixture of four mAbs.ResultsThe proposed method has been qualified in linearity range of 1–100 μg/mL with correlation coefficients higher than 0.990. The qualification run met the acceptance criteria of ±25% accuracy and precision values for quality control (QC) samples. This qualified LC/TOF‐MS method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in the rat. The PK properties of mAbs administered as a cassette‐dosage were similar to the pharmacokinetics of each antibody drug when administered as a single entity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the cassette‐dosing approach could be used to evaluate the PK properties of biopharmaceuticals in the early drug discovery stage. Also, this method would be useful for other preclinical sample analysis without developing new reagents for sample preparation.
Development of a new 3‐DOF parallel manipulator for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Khalifa Alaa , Fanni Mohamed , Mohamed Abdelfatah M. , Miyashita Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article proposes a novel dexterous endoscopic parallel manipulator for minimally invasive surgery. The proposed manipulator has 3 degrees of freedom (3‐DOF), which consist of two rotational DOFs and one translational DOF (2R1T DOFs). The manipulator consists of 3 limbs exhibiting identical kinematic structure. Each limb contains an active prismatic joint followed by 2 consecutive passive universal joints. The proposed manipulator has a unique arrangement of its joints' axes. This unique arrangement permits large bending angles, ±90° in any direction, and a workspace almost free from interior singularities. These advantages allow the proposed manipulator to outperforms existing surgical manipulators. However, this unique arrangement makes the analysis of the robot extremely difficult. Therefore, a geometrical/analytical approach is used to facilitate its singularity analysis. Construction of the virtual prototype is accomplished using ADAMS software to validate the proposed manipulator and its bending capability. A closed‐form solution for inverse kinematics is obtained analytically. Also, the forward kinematics solution is obtained numerically. Moreover, evaluation of the workspace is achieved using motion/force transmissibility indices. A practical experiment has been performed using a scaling technique and PID controller. The experimental results show the feasibility of the teleoperated surgical system using the proposed parallel manipulator as the slave.
Confined Assembly of Hollow Carbon Spheres in Carbonaceous Nanotube: A Spheres‐in‐Tube Carbon Nanostructure with Hierarchical Porosity for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Ze , Ye Sunjie , Evans Stephen D. , Ge Yuanhang , Zhu Zhifeng , Tu Yingfeng , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbonaceous nanotubes (CTs) represent one of the most popular and effective carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors, but the electrochemistry performance of CTs is largely limited by their relatively low specific surface area, insufficient usage of intratube cavity, low content of heteroatom, and poor porosity. An emerging strategy for circumventing these issues is to design novel porous CT‐based nanostructures. Herein, a spheres‐in‐tube nanostructure with hierarchical porosity is successfully engineered, by encapsulating heteroatom‐doping hollow carbon spheres into one carbonaceous nanotube (HCSs@CT). This intriguing nanoarchitecture integrates the merits of large specific surface area, good porosity, and high content of heteroatoms, which synergistically facilitates the transportation and exchange of ions and electrons. Accordingly, the as‐prepared HCSs@CTs possess outstanding performances as electrode materials of supercapacitors, including superior capacitance to that of CTs, HCSs, and their mixtures, coupled with excellent cycling life, demonstrating great potential for applications in energy storage.
Toward High‐Performance Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials: Strategy on Methods
Authors: Yan Faguang , Wei Zhongming , Wei Xia , Lv Quanshan , Zhu Wenkai , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGraphene and graphene‐like 2D layered materials such as black phosphorus, transition‐metal dichalcogenides, oxides, chalcogenides, and so forth have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique crystal structures, mechanical, and physical properties, as well as their variable bandgaps that range from 0 to 6 eV, which have offered their utilization in versatile devices. Using these materials as the active channel, many novel electrical and optoelectronic devices have been reported. Among the various important devices applications, photodetectors based on 2D materials have been extensively investigated with varied performance due to the different species and detection mechanisms. Here, the methods to improve the performance of 2D‐material‐based photodetectors are reviewed. There are five kinds of strategies regarding methods, including surface plasmon enhancement, charge‐transfer assistance, optical‐waveguide integration, graphene sandwiched structures, and heterostructures directly grown by CVD, which are developed and widely reported in recent years. For each method, the device design, performance, and mechanism are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, a summary is provided to afford the principle to further enhance the performance of photodetectors based on 2D materials, with a perspective for their practical applications in the future.
The early record of halysitid tabulate corals, and morphometrics of Catenipora from the Ordovician of north‐central china
Authors: Liang Kun , Elias Robert J. , Lee Dong‐Jin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCatenipora is one of the most common tabulate coral genera in the Upper Ordovician Jinghe and Beiguoshan formations on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin, north‐central China. We distinguish and identify the species of Catenipora using multivariate morphometric procedures. Cluster analysis based on morphological characters of coralla yields a dendrogram showing five morphospecies. The validity and distinctiveness of the morphospecies are evaluated by discriminant analysis and non‐metric multidimensional scaling. To identify the species represented by the morphospecies, type specimens of species that are morphologically similar from north‐central China (Sino‐Korean Block) and surrounding palaeocontinents are compared with the morphospecies by non‐metric multidimensional scaling and descriptive statistics. The results indicate that one morphospecies represents C. daliangensis (Yu), another represents C. subovata Yu, and the others are new species herein named C. tongchuanensis, C. jingyangensis and C. tiewadianensis. Catenipora tongchuanensis from the middle of the Jinghe Formation (Sandbian; early Late Ordovician) is the earliest confirmed halysitid tabulate. Species of Catenipora in north‐central China (Sino‐Korean Block) show the highest morphological diversity (i.e. disparity) in terms of corallite size and shape, compared with other palaeocontinents in China. Species of Catenipora in North Qilian share more common components with those from north‐central China than any other palaeocontinent in China. The different morphological characteristics in terms of corallite shape and ranks in some Katian species of Catenipora from East Junggar, Mongolia, South China and Estonia suggest that some species may have originated separately during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, and that Catenipora is possibly polyphyletic.
Analysis of Metabolomic Changes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Treatment with Desferrioxamine as a Hypoxia Mimetic Compared with Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Fujisawa Koichi , Takami Taro , Okada Sae , Hara Kazusa , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yamamoto Naoki , Yamasaki Takahiro , Sakaida Isao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used in regenerative medicine, but their therapeutic effects vary depending on the culture environment. Hypoxic culturing can be used to maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state, but is expensive and difficult to perform. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of desferrioxamine (DFO), a hypoxia-mimetic reagent, as an alternative to hypoxic culturing by analyzing metabolic changes in MSCs under hypoxic conditions compared with changes induced by DFO. Low concentrations of DFO reduced mitochondrial activity and apoptosis. Therefore, low concentrations of DFO may be useful for MSC preconditioning. Metabolome analysis showed that both hypoxic treatment and DFO administration exhibited similar metabolite patterns except purine, pyrimidine, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle related metabolites. Therefore, the use of DFO at low concentrations is a potential substitute for hypoxic culturing. These findings may form the foundation for the development of future regenerative therapies using MSCs.
Applying autonomy to distributed satellite systems: Trends, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Araguz Carles , Bou‐Balust Elisenda , Alarcón Eduard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile monolithic satellite missions still pose significant advantages in terms of accuracy and operations, novel distributed architectures are promising improved flexibility, responsiveness, and adaptability to structural and functional changes. Large satellite swarms, opportunistic satellite networks or heterogeneous constellations hybridizing small‐spacecraft nodes with high‐performance satellites are becoming feasible and advantageous alternatives requiring the adoption of new operation paradigms that enhance their autonomy. While autonomy is a notion that is gaining acceptance in monolithic satellite missions, it can also be deemed an integral characteristic in Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS). In this context, this paper focuses on the motivations for system‐level autonomy in DSS and justifies its need as an enabler of system qualities. Autonomy is also presented as a necessary feature to bring new distributed Earth observation functions (which require coordination and collaboration mechanisms) and to allow for novel structural functions (e.g., opportunistic coalitions, exchange of resources, or in‐orbit data services). Mission Planning and Scheduling (MPS) frameworks are then presented as a key component to implement autonomous operations in satellite missions. An exhaustive knowledge classification explores the design aspects of MPS for DSS, and conceptually groups them into: components and organizational paradigms; problem modeling and representation; optimization techniques and metaheuristics; execution and runtime characteristics and the notions of tasks, resources, and constraints. This paper concludes by proposing future strands of work devoted to study the trade‐offs of autonomy in large‐scale, highly dynamic and heterogeneous networks through frameworks that consider some of the limitations of small spacecraft technologies.
On flexible force fields for metal–organic frameworks: Recent developments and future prospects
Authors: Heinen Jurn , Dubbeldam David 
Published: March 2018

Classical force field simulations can be used to study structural, diffusion, and adsorption properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). To account for the dynamic behavior of the material, parameterization schemes have been developed to derive force constants and the associated reference values by fitting on ab initio energies, vibrational frequencies, and elastic constants. Here, we review recent developments in flexible force field models for MOFs. Existing flexible force field models are generally able to reproduce the majority of experimentally observed structural and dynamic properties of MOFs. The lack of efficient sampling schemes for capturing stimuli‐driven phase transitions, however, currently limits the full predictive potential of existing flexible force fields from being realized.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Towards a fully integrated North Sea offshore grid: An engineering‐economic assessment of a power link island
Authors: Kristiansen Martin , Korpås Magnus , Farahmand Hossein 
Published: March 2018

An increasing share of variable power feed‐in is expected in the next decades in the European power system, with a particularly high offshore wind potential in the North Sea region. This demands more temporal‐ and spatial flexibility in the system, an adequate grid infrastructure can provide both. This study presents an engineering‐economic approach evaluating the impact of novel infrastructure designs towards a fully integrated North Sea offshore grid, including TenneT’s vision of a power link island (PLI). A PLI is an artificial island for transnational power exchange and distribution of offshore wind resources. We introduce the concept and evaluate the economic benefits and system implications under three different case studies incorporating 2030 scenarios from European Network of Transmission System Operators. The results demonstrate system cost savings up to 15.8% when comparing a fully integrated PLI solution with traditional, radial typologies. The PLI did in general result in more efficient system dispatch of wind resources, where the involvement from Norway, Great Britain, and Germany occurred most frequently in terms of grid reinforcements and expansions.This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure