bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Future‐proofing policies – How foresight shapes European Union governance
Authors: Gadbled Robin , Georgakakis Didier , Gstöhl Sieglinde , Schunz Simon , Van Woensel Lieve 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroducing this issue, the present article notes how the growing political importance given to foresight in EU governance has so far only sparked limited interest among scholars of EU law and policy‐making. To address this gap, the article starts by clarifying concepts and defining the key terminology at the intersection between (strategic) foresight and EU governance ‘in the law’ (involving societal actors in law‐making processes) and ‘through law’ (governmental actors steering society via law). It then offers a comparative discussion of the main insights of the contributions to the issue, highlighting how and why foresight has become institutionalised and how it operates across EU institutions today. In the concluding section, the article turns to the future and calls for more research into how foresight shapes EU governance, setting a research agenda for the study of foresight as a practice informing law‐ and policy‐making in the European Union.
What future for EU foresight? A critical perspective on the institutionalisation of foresight
Authors: Gaïti Brigitte , Georgakakis Didier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat are the potential strengths and weaknesses in the current reconstruction of foresight at the EU level? In questioning foresight's institutionalisation processes from both a historical and a political sociology perspective, the article claims that charting the future is an issue of political power and that, hence, foresight's institutionalisation can never be taken for granted. More precisely, we identify two factors that determine how such process plays out. First, it depends on the definition and importance of the future according to specific contexts (war, economic or health crisis, periods of growth, etc.). Second, this changing definition intertwines with socio‐institutional structures and agents that are crucial for this institutionalisation to be sustainable. The analysis is twofold. First, we provide an overview of past international experiences of projections into the future (both foresight and forecast). Second, we illustrate how these issues may resurface and rebound within the EU’s unique power context.
Pathogen challenge in Arabidopsis cotyledons induces enhanced disease resistance at newly formed rosette leaves via sustained upregulation of WRKY70
Authors: Sukaoun Kanoknipa , Tsuchiya Tokuji , Uchiyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPathogenic microorganisms often target seedlings shortly after germination. If plants exhibit resistance or resilience to pathogens, those exposed to pathogen challenge may grow further and form new unchallenged leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine disease resistance in the newly formed leaves of plants subjected to pathogen challenge. We used Arabidopsis thaliana and the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) as the model pathosystem. We found that Arabidopsis seedlings primarily challenged with the avirulent isolate Hpa exhibited enhanced disease resistance against the virulent isolate Hpa in newly formed rosette leaves (NFRLs). Our observations indicated that the transcript levels of the transcription factor gene WRKY70, which is essential for full resistance to the virulent isolate HpaNoco2, were elevated and maintained at high levels in the NFRLs. In contrast, the transcript levels of the salicylic acid marker gene PR1 and systemic acquired resistance‐related genes did not exhibit sustained elevation. The maintenance of increased transcript levels of WRKY70 operated independently of non‐expressor of pathogenesis‐related gene 1. These findings suggest that prolonged upregulation of WRKY70 represents a defensive state synchronized with plant development to ensure survival against subsequent infections.
Altered immunophenotypic expression in the peripheral bladder cancer immune landscape
Authors: Mackenzie Nathan J , Zimmermann Kate , Nicholls Clarissa , Perera Mahasha PJ , Ngoo Alexander , Jeffery Penny L , Vela Ian , Kenna Tony J , Williams Elizabeth D , Thomas Patrick B 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTreatments targeting the immune system only benefit a subset of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Biomarkers predictive of BC progression and response to specific therapeutic interventions are required. We evaluated whether peripheral blood immune subsets and expression of clinically relevant immune checkpoint markers are associated with clinicopathologic features of BC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood collected from 23 patients with BC and 9 age‐matched unaffected‐by‐cancer control donors were assessed using a 21‐parameter flow cytometry panel composed of markers of T, B, natural killer and myeloid populations and immune checkpoint markers. Patients with BC had significantly lower numbers of circulating CD19+ B cells and elevated circulating CD4+CD8+ T cells compared with the control cohort. Immune checkpoint markers programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 (TIM‐3) were elevated in the total peripheral immune cell population in patients with BC. Within the BC cohort, PD‐1 expression in T and myeloid cells was elevated in muscle‐invasive compared with non–muscle‐invasive disease. In addition, elevated T, B and myeloid PD‐1 cell surface expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, suggesting that measures of peripheral immune cell exhaustion may be a predictor of tumor progression in BC. Finally, positive correlations between expression levels of the various immune checkpoints both overall and within key peripheral blood immune subsets collected from patients with BC were observed, highlighting likely coregulation of peripheral immune checkpoint expression. The peripheral blood immunophenotype in patients with BC is altered compared with cancer‐free individuals. Understanding this dysregulated immune profile will contribute to the identification of diagnostic and prognostic indicators to guide effective immune‐targeted, personalized treatments.
Injecting drug use is a risk factor for methicillin resistance in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections
Authors: Curtis Stephanie J. , Marvelianto Tedjo Timothy , Lee Sue J. , Rawson‐Harris Philip J. , Sim Kirsty , Attwood Lucy O. , Jenney Adam W. J. , Stewardson Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigated whether injecting drug use was a risk factor for methicillin resistance among inpatients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSIs) at an Australian health service. In 273 inpatients, 46 (16.9%) of SABSIs were methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was more frequent in those who had injected drugs in the past 6 months (20.6%) compared with other inpatients (15.7%). Injecting drug use was associated with a 4.82‐fold (95% confidence interval = 1.54–16.29) increased odds of MRSA after accounting for confounders.
Motivation for Physical Activity in Low‐Income Adults: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Turner Ashley R. , Coats Heather , Cook Paul , Dorsen Caroline , Jankowski Catherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore, review and assess the literature on motivation for physical activity in low‐income adults to inform future research and clinical interventions.DesignAn integrative review of the literature on motivation for physical activity in low‐income adults.MethodsWhittemore and Knaul's five‐stage methodological approach for integrative reviews was utilised. Studies written in English that focused primarily on low‐income adults discussed physical activity and included a component of motivation or drive were included. The Johns Hopkins Evidence Level and Quality Guide was used to assess the quality of the studies.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss and Google Scholar from 1 January 2018 – 23 August 2024.ResultsA total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three main categories of factors impacting physical activity in low‐income adults were identified: (1) motivators for physical activity, (2) barriers for physical activity (3) and items that were both a motivator and a barrier. Despite the key role nurses play in promoting health and wellness, studies conducted by nurses or employing nursing interventions were notably absent.ConclusionThis integrative literature review highlights the need for more information about what motivates low‐income adults to be more physically active.Implications for the ProfessionUnderstanding the experience of low‐income adults with physical activity is integral to meeting their needs and facilitating increased physical activity. Future research should utilise nursing theories and interventions to improve physical activity levels among low‐income adults.ImpactThis study addressed physical inactivity in low‐income adults. More information is needed about motivation for physical activity. This information will impact researchers and clinicians.Reporting MethodThe search strategy and reporting method were consistent with PRISMA guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Mitigation of pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy with superficial right ventricular mid‐septal pacing: A long‐term retrospective comparison with apical pacing
Authors: McBride Kenneth Wade , Kulkarni Nitin K. , Hickman Charles C. , Link Mark S. , Takata Theodore S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt remains unclear if pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) may be minimized by standard pacing of the right ventricle (RV) at sites other than the RV apex. The purpose of this study is to compare the relative frequency of PICM in a population of patients paced at either the superficial RV mid septum (RVMS) or RV apex (RVA), and other outcomes that may differ between these sites.Methods and ResultsA retrospective evaluation was performed on all patients undergoing pacemaker implantation between 2011 and 2022. Potential study patients were those with Medtronic 3830 superficial RVMS leads placed with septal specific guidance catheters, and any with RVA leads. Patients were included if they had ≥20% RV pacing, available baseline and follow‐up measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at least 6 months postimplantation, and a baseline LVEF ≥50%. PICM was defined as a decline in the LVEF of at least 10%, resulting in LVEF <50%. Patients were excluded for Biventricular devices, and for alternative causes of cardiomyopathy. The study criteria were met in 324 patients, with 220 RVMS and 104 RVA paced patients. PICM occurred in 4.5% of RVMS patients, and 22.1% of RVA patients (p < .001). Additional differences were demonstrated in paced QRS duration (144 ± 15.5 ms in RVMS, 166 ± 19.4 ms in RVA; p < .001); QRS axis (2.3 ± 64.9 in RVMS, −65.2 ± 49.5 in RVA; p < .001), and various qualitative QRS morphologic characteristics.ConclusionPatients with normal LVEF experienced significantly less PICM with superficial RVMS pacing performed via septal specific guidance catheters than similar counterparts with RVA pacing. Narrower paced QRS duration and less left axis deviation was also demonstrated.
Immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells overexpressing alpha‐1 antitrypsin protect acinar cells from apoptotic and ferroptotic cell death
Authors: Shoeibi Sara , Green Erica , Wei Hua , Gou Wenyu , Strange Charlie , Wang Hongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder that impairs endocrine and exocrine function. Our previous work showed that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs overexpressing alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT‐MSCs) could be therapeutic tools for CP. However, primary MSCs are predisposed to undergo senescence during culture expansion, which limits their therapeutic applications. We generated and characterized immortalized human MSCs (iMSCs) and AAT‐MSCs (iAAT‐MSCs) and tested their protective effect on 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced acinar cell death in an in vitro cell culture system. Primary MSCs were immortalized by transduction with simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT), and the resulting iMSC and iAAT‐MSC lines were analysed for proliferation, senescence, phenotype and multi‐differentiation potential. Subsequently, apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways were investigated by assessing changes before and after TNBS treatment. Coculture of iMSCs and iAAT‐MSCs with acinar cell lines inhibited early cell death induced by TNBS, reduced ER stress and reversed TNBS‐induced protein reduction at tight junctions. Additionally, iMSCs and iAAT‐MSCs exerted such protection by regulating mitochondrial respiration, ATP content and ROS production in TNBS‐induced acinar cells. Furthermore, iMSCs and iAAT‐MSCs ameliorated TNBS‐induced ferroptosis by modulating iron generation and ROS production and regulating the ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1)/protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)/glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) signalling pathways in acinar cells. These findings identify ferroptosis as an unrecognized mechanism that leads to TNBS‐induced cell death and offer mechanistic insights relevant to using stem cell therapy to treat acinar cell death associated with CP.
Bazi Bushen attenuates osteoporosis in SAMP6 mice by regulating PI3K‐AKT and apoptosis pathways
Authors: Xu Zhe , Zhang Zeyu , Zhou Huifang , Lin Shan , Gong Boyang , Li Zhaodong , Zhao Shuwu , Hou Yunlong , Peng Yanfei , Bian Yuhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP), a systemic skeletal disease, is characterized by low bone mass, bone tissue degradation and bone microarchitecture disturbance. Bazi Bushen, a Chinese patented medicine, has been demonstrated to be effective in attenuating OP, but the pharmacological mechanism remains predominantly unclear. In this study, the senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) model was used to explore bone homeostasis and treated intragastrically for 9 weeks with Bazi Bushen. In vivo experiments showed that Bazi Bushen treatment not only upregulated the levels of bone mineral density and bone mineral content but also increased the content of RUNX2 and OSX. Furthermore, the primary culture of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in SAMP6 mice was used to verify the effects of Bazi Bushen on the balance of differentiation between osteoblasts and adipocytes, as well as ROS and aging levels. Finally, the pharmacological mechanism of Bazi Bushen in attenuating OP was investigated through network pharmacology and experimental verification, and we found that Bazi Bushen could significantly orchestrate bone homeostasis and attenuate the progression of OP by stimulating PI3K‐Akt and inhibiting apoptosis. In summary, our work sheds light on the first evidence that Bazi Bushen attenuates OP by regulating PI3K‐AKT and apoptosis pathways to orchestrate bone homeostasis.
Causal effect of gut microbiota on juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A two‐sample Mendelian a randomization study
Authors: Zhang Lian , Yang Zhihua , Zhang LuLu , Wei Yanwen , Wan Lisheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is increasing evidence of a significant association between the gut microbiome and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, whether this association is causal remains to be determined. This study was a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using publicly available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary data to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and JIA. We used summary data on gut flora and JIA obtained from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) from MiBioGen and NHGRI‐EBI, using inverse variance weighting as the main method to analyse causality in the TSMR causality analysis. To check the stability of the TSMR results, we performed several sensitivity analyses and assessed the presence of reverse causality through a reverse TSMR analysis. We calculated the degree of sample overlap where applicable. The current TSMR analyses identified four bacterial taxa associated with JIA. Specifically, two bacteria, Catenibacterium (p = 2 × 10–2) and Holdemania (p = 4 × 10–2), were negatively associated with the risk of developing JIA, suggesting a protective effect, while Olsenella (p = 1 × 10–2) and Rikenellaceae (RC9gutgroup) (p = 1 × 10–2) were positively associated with the risk of JIA, suggesting that these two bacteria may be risk factors for JIA. However, the results for Catenibacterium and Holdemania should be interpreted with caution due to instability observed in ‘leave‐one‐out’ sensitivity analyses. Reverse TSMR analyses found no evidence of reverse causality between JIA and gut flora. Our confirmation of a causal relationship between gut flora and JIA provides an innovative perspective for the study of JIA: targeting and modulating dysregulation of specific bacterial taxa to prevent and treat JIA.
GOLM1 promotes prostate cancer progression via interaction with PSMD1 and enhancing AR‐driven transcriptional activation
Authors: Yan Guang , Zhu Tianhang , Zhou Jiawei , Li Xia , Wen Zonghua , Miuhuitijiang Bahaerguli , Zhang Zhiyong , Du Yuejun , Li Chengyao , Shi Xiaojun , Tan Wanlong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAberrant transcriptional activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is a predominant cause of prostate cancer (PCa), including both in the initial and androgen‐independent stages. Our study highlights Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) as a key regulator of AR‐driven transcriptional activity in PCa progression. Utilizing local clinical data and TCGA data, we have established a robust association between GOLM1 and AR target genes, and further demonstrated that GOLM1 can enhance the expression of AR target genes. We discovered that GOLM1 interacts with PSMD1, a component of the 19S regulatory complex in the 26S proteasome, using mass spectrometry and Co‐IP analysis. It is well known that ubiquitin‐proteasome plays a vital role in AR expression and transcriptional regulation. Our findings demonstrate that GOLM1 enhances ubiquitin proteasome activity by binding to PSMD1, thereby facilitating AR‐driven transcriptional activity and PCa progression. These results indicate that GOLM1 and its associated proteins may become potential therapeutic targets for PCa characterized by dysregulated AR‐driven transcriptional activation.
Enriched Diet With Orange Essential Oil Citrus sinensis for Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Promotes Growth Performance and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Pereira Júnior Jucimauro de Araújo , Costa Domickson Silva , Silva Arthur dos Santos da , Santos Gracienhe Gomes dos , Santos Arthur Felipe Lima dos , Silva Aldeize Driely Cardoso da , Couto Márcia Valéria Silva do , Cordeiro Carlos Alberto Martins , Martins Maurício Laterça , Sousa Natalino da Costa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oil on the growth, immune system, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Colossoma macropomum fingerlings. The experiment was conducted with five treatments (control diet, Tween80 diet, and diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 800 mg L−1 of C. sinensis essential oil) with four replicates. At the end of the experimental period, growth parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected for thrombogram, leukogram, and phagocytic activity analysis. A bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila was conducted for 96 h. C. macropomum fingerlings that were fed with 400 and 800 mg L−1 of C. sinensis essential oil had the highest growth parameters, with final weights of 533.18 ± 2.03 mg and 531.91 ± 2.67 mg, respectively, and an increase in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, as well as higher phagocytosis rates compared to the control group. Regarding the challenge, fish in the 400 and 800 mg L−1 treatments also exhibited the lowest cumulative mortality rate (26.66% ± 3.33%). Therefore, supplementation with C. sinensis essential oil promotes growth, improves health, and enhances resistance to A. hydrophila in C. macropomum fingerlings.
Vaccinations in older adults: Optimization, strategies, and latest guidelines
Authors: Pangilinan Aileen R. , Brangman Sharon A. , Gravenstein Stefan , Schmader Kenneth , Kuchel George A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article is a summary of the first AGS Symposium entitled “Update on Vaccination Strategies for Older Adults: Matching the Approach to the Individual and the Care Setting.” Given declines in host defenses and immune function with aging, vaccinations play a pivotal role in fortifying older adults against preventable infections, resulting diseases, disability, and death. Current guidelines generally list recommendations applicable for an average older adult of a given chronological age. However, growing evidence indicates that heterogeneity in terms of factors as varied as biological sex, frailty, functional status, and multimorbidity may impact vaccine responses and clinical outcomes. As a result, clinicians will increasingly need to take these additional factors into consideration as they seek to improve outcomes through improved targeting of such aging‐related heterogeneity. Moreover, efforts at protecting older citizens through vaccination must also include strategies to overcome barriers to the adoption of vaccine recommendations in varied settings including long‐term care. This 2023 AGS Plenary Symposium sought to commence a broader dialogue across AGS and beyond on optimizing vaccinations for older adults, ensuring not only extended lifespans but also healthier and more active lives. This report is not a systematic review, and thus should not be considered comprehensive.