bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ins and Outs of Teamworking: When University Teachers, in-Service Secondary Teachers and Pre-Service Teachers Collaborate to Transform Learning
Authors: Masats Dolors , Guerrero Paula 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Initiatives for teachers’ professional development should rely on the epistemology of practice, that is, be founded on the premise that reflective teachers construct professional knowledge and develop professional skills through practice and through planning, observing or analysing practice. Reflection about teaching action and reflection in teaching action triggers innovation, especially when teachers work together to create the necessary conditions to transform learning. This paper advocates in favour of collaborative action research and innovation as a methodology to promote change in classroom practices. To illustrate this proposal, it presents a case study in which a secondary English teacher from a school which hosts adolescents at risk opens her classrooms to a researcher and a group of pre-service teachers with the objective to reflect upon her own practices and to become an agent of change. Our corpus is made of natural audio-recorded data from the discussions emerging during focus-group sessions held to evaluate the ongoing innovation and interviews to participating secondary students and trainee teachers. The analysis of those interactions will first lead us to reflect upon the challenges of promoting change in the classrooms. Then it will allow us to understand the impact of the experience and argue in favour of a model of teacher education based on team work as a tool to acquire professional skills and guarantee students’ learning success.
Edmodo as an Assessment Tool in the Foreign Language Learning Process
Authors: Kaba Flavia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Due to the rapid developments in educational technology, today’s professors are in search of exploring innovative techniques in order to promote involvement of students in the learning process in general and in the foreign language learning process in particular. This is why today’s students are seen as digital-natives and being motivated for the learning process is very difficult if the modern technology they are familiar with is not utilized effectively in the classroom. When it comes to the assessment part of this process, the situation may become worse, as most of the students feel unwilling due to anxiety problems in general and foreign language anxiety in particular. This study presents an innovative way of assessing students’ skills that they gain during foreign language learning process introducing Edmodo, which is an educational social network that provides a secure learning platform for students and educators. This study is a descriptive one, based on the analyses, surveys, and opinions of different researchers that have implemented this platform in their teaching process. The main objective is to introduce the implementation of various assessment applications through Edmodo.
The Influence of Generation and Experiencing Daily Routines on Educators’ Training
Authors: Hepper Jens 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This qualitative study follows the two questions, how the factor of the generation, an educator in training belongs to, influences his or her general concept of how sustainability-related lessons should be conducted and how the factor of living in groups influences this as well. For this interviews with 206 students were held and their own educational approaches monitored. In conclusion, this study has three major findings. The first is the attempt to define the difference between the concept of environmental education and environmental instruction, as being different approaches to the same subject, with the latter being less participative and effective, according to this study. The second is, that there is apparently a generational gap between the Generations X, Y, and Z, concerning their approach on this subject. Apparently Education for Sustainable Development is becoming more and more implemented, with each generation. Finally, in-house living in everyday situations can make change towards sustainability happen with students and learners, but the other way is possible to. Considering this, learning in a group in an everyday situation might be a new approach for teacher training in Education for Sustainable Development.
Towards a Sustainable Curriculum for ESAP Teacher Training Program: A Profile of ESAP Content Specialists’ vs. Language Instructors’ Needs
Authors: Emadian Farzaneh , Gholami Javad , Sarkhosh Mehdi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The first and most crucial step towards developing a sustainable curriculum for instructors teaching English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) is a needs analysis. Therefore, the main aim of conducting this study was to investigate the in-service needs of language instructors and content specialists teaching ESAP and to spot the differences between the needs of these two groups in order to provide them with systematic treatments in ESAP teacher training programs. This mixed method study was designed on a qualitative-quantitative survey basis using a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and an observation checklist. The analysis of the data collected from 50 content specialists and 50 language instructors completing the questionnaires reveals that there is a significant difference between the in-service needs of these two groups, that is, language instructors desire more to be trained in an in-service ESAP teaching training program in terms of professional, procedural and personal needs. Furthermore, the results of the data obtained from the semi-structured interview and the observation of 20 of the above-mentioned instructors (i.e., 10 content specialists and 10 language instructors) indicate that language instructors have more difficulty selecting suitable materials, suffer more from low income, attitudinal difficulties and backwash effect compared to their counterparts teaching ESAP courses. It can be inferred that the results of the present study can sufficiently help the researchers to embark on an in-service teacher training program both for ESAP content specialists and language instructors based on their specific needs in the ESAP context.
Diagnostic assessment of hematuria from the ileal conduit of a patient with a history of radical cystoprostatectomy and nephroureterectomy: a case report
Authors: Chondros Kostas , Klambatsas Athanasios , Graikos Konstantinos , Dimasis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Radical cystoprostatectomy (RC) with ileal conduit reconstruction represents a standard of care procedure for advanced bladder cancer. Patients submitted to RC and urinary diversions are at high risk of developing recurrent tumors or other complications related to the diversion. Lifelong diagnostic follow-up is recommended in these patients.

Case Presentation:
We present a case of a patient with a history of RC and nephroureterectomy for upper tract recurrence and who also developed gross hematuria 8 years after his initial treatment. The patient was exposed to several diagnostic steps, including imaging, laboratory, and endoscopic examinations.

Conclusion:
Patients with advanced and recurrent urothelial cancer who present with gross hematuria need a stepwise diagnostic approach which is difficult and complicated in many cases.
An Overview of SME Sector and Examination of Banks Lending to SMEs: A Case Study of Jodia Bazaar - Karachi
Authors: Ahmad Fiaz , Salam Abdus 
Published: February 2019

SMEs are considered as driving force for the economy both in developing as well as in developed countries. In the given economic structure, no one can deny the importance of Small and Medium Enterprises. They are contributing in employment generation, GDP growth, poverty reduction and earning foreign exchange for the country by boosting its exports. Pakistani economy has good potential for the growth of SME sector but still they are unable to get the maximum benefit from this sector. There are multiple reasons behind this, including lack of good policies, current law and order situation as well as political instability in the country. One important problem faced by SMEs is unavailability of finances from the formal sources including banking channels. SBP and other specialized institutions like SME Bank, SMEDA is playing major role in the development of SME sector but still there is a lot of cushion available. Jodia Bazaar is considered as one of the major whole sale markets in Karachi. It consists of thousands of SMEs which includes whole sellers, retailers, importers, exporters, grain traders etc. Due to large potential in this market almost every bank has its presence in this market in the form of branch at Jodia Bazaar. If we look at the credit portfolio of these branches, we will come to know that the contribution of SME portfolio in their major credit portfolio is very small. We have conducted our research to know the factors due to which banks are reluctant to have exposure in the SME sector, especially in the Jodia Bazaar. Data have been collected from fifteen branches of banks located in Jodia Bazaar. Results are analyzed through Pie Charts. This research will be helpful for the Banking professionals, especially associated with credit departments and those who want to enhance the credit portfolio of the Branch in the Small and Medium Enterprises. Results show that Banks in Jodia Bazar are reluctant to take exposure in SME sector due to number of reasons, mainly due to unavailability of correct information, maintenance of proper accounts and availability of trained professionals hired by SMEs. Results also show that some banks have not developed specialized products for SMEs and they are not properly marketing the same.
Relationship between Movement of Stock Prices and Bond Prices: A Case Study of Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Mohammed Farah , Salam Muhammad Abdus 
Published: February 2019

A potential investor may have different options for utilizing its excess ideal money but he will avail that option where he can have maximum satisfaction in terms of profitability and security. However, the higher level of uncertainty de-motivates an investor to employ his funds in a risky venture, especially during the period of economic instability. As a result, one must evaluate the factors which act as a key determinant in the market to boost up investors’ confidence. KSE has been termed as high risk high premium market by researchers, so the higher persistence of volatility discourages an investor to rely on uncertain market. Instead he would be more willing in fixed income securities or may opt for diversification of its portfolio. For this purpose correlation analysis will be a helpful technique as it supports in asset allocation, portfolio selection and risk management. It identifies the degree of dependency of one portfolio on another and helps in deciding the correct proportion of allocation of funds on various assets. The two major forms of investment, stock and bonds do follow a particular pattern in the market and by analyzing their trend one can opt for a proper mix which will avert the risk associated with them. As per correlation analysis carried out on monthly data of KSE 100 and KSE all index from Nov 2003 to May 2009, it has been concluded that share indices have a positive correlation with GDP, interest rate and money supply and a negative correlation with bond prices and T-bill rates. The regression analysis of the model presented the higher value of R square of 96%, which represents the significance of the model.
Channel Switching Behavior From Traditional Grocery Stores to Branded Grocery Chains in Karachi
Authors: Jaliawala Muhammad Mubin , Rahman Mustaghis ur 
Published: February 2019

The advent of branded grocery chains has compelled customers to switch from traditional grocery stores to branded grocery chains or monthly grocery purchase. This phenomenon has been recently observed in Pakistan. The aim of this study is to explore the customers' level of switching over from traditional grocery stores to branded grocery chains and also to find out the determinants of switching over from traditional grocery stores to branded grocery chains in Karachi. This study is quantitative in nature and encompasses the Positivist paradigm. The deductive approach is employed and survey method is opted for in this research. As per the requirement of the theme, closed-ended questionnaire is used as research instrument and SPSS statistical software is employed for data analysis. As sampling strategy, convenience sampling technique is opted. Total of 105 valid questionnaires were received; 35 from each store i.e., Naheed Super Market, Imtiaz Super Store and Chaseup Departmental Store. To ascertain level of switching over it can be seen from the results that 90% of the respondents have been buying since four months and above from branded grocery chains. The research study reveals that the three independent variables (Proximity, Environment and Engagement) are correlated with channel switching with proximity having a low correlation.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DI POSYANDU MODEL PUCUK DESA POKKANG WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BERU-BERU MAMUJU
Authors: D YULIANA 
Published: February 2019

Imunisasi merupakan suatu cara untuk meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap suatu antigen yang dapat dibagi menjadi imunisasi aktif dan imunisasi pasif. System kekebalan tersebut yang menyebabkan balita menjadi tidak terjangkit sakit. Apabila balita tidak melakukan imunisasi, maka kekebalan tubuh balita akan berkurang dan akan rentan terkena penyakit. Hal ini mempunyai dampak yang tidak langsung dengan kejadian gizi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Posyandu Model Pucuk Desa Pokkang wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beru-Beru Mamuju tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan status gizi anak balita di posyandu model pucuk dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Accidental Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 47 ibu dan anak balita yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kelengkapan imunisasi dengan status gizi anak balita dengan nilai p value = 1,000 > α 0,05. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola makan anak balita dengan status gizi anak balita dengan nilai p value = 0,000 > α 0,05. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu dengan status gizi anak balita dengan nilai p value = 0,024 > α 0,005 dan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan status gizi anak balita dengan nilai p value = 0,000 < α 0,05.
SPATIAL DATA INTERPOLATION
Authors: Aliyev Prof.RAE ZH 
Published: February 2019

During the study and adjustment, techniques revealed our analysis of spatial data in vector format. The latter is best suited for the spatial analysis of discrete objects. However, when the spatial variable is represented as a field of scalar or vector greatness (for example, the spatial distribution of concentrations of heavy metal concentrations in soils or groundwater movement speed field). Convenient ways to record data is bitmap format. This approach is most often used for phenomena of processes that are characterized by considerable anisotropy. However, the characteristic feature of the method of inverse distance is the fact that the interpolated value in measured point is equal to the measured value.
Key words: erosion, soil; heavy metals, extremum, spatial data, raster data anti-erosion measures
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE PROBLEMS IN AZERBAIJAN AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Z.H. Aliyev Doctor, Prof. RAE. 
Published: February 2019

This article provides a summary of the history and actual state of agricultural science and production (including land reclamation, soil erosion and salinization, and much more, study that is one of the main types of scientific activity of the Institute erosion and irrigation of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) in Azerbaijan.
Keywords agriculture, environment, erosion, salinization, water balance deficit
AQROECHOLOGY SITUATION IN PROJECTS, PROBLEMS AND SOLVING WAYS IN QAZARIANS IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Z.H. Aliyev Doctor, Prof. RAE. 
Published: February 2019

Natural and anthropogenic impacts of natural soil, grass cover and mainly pasture (degradation), degradation of desertification and degradation of forest ecosystems have led to a considerable sharp reduction in the feed base for animal husbandry development. For a well-known purpose in the country of strategic importance, the assessment of existing natural and cultural pasture areas in the country from their agro economic security perspective, using scientifically-based research in the field of approach and the use of effective methods is a problem that is relevant to agrarian science. Here is a summary of Gobustan analyzes the modern agro ecological situation of the pastures, evaluates land and agrochemical grouping and so on. It is emphasized that it is important to carry out comprehensive measures to improve the quality of the area in the affected areas.
Key words: pasture lands, pastures, pastures, surface improvement measures, climatic elements, agro ecological evaluation, etc.
REMOTE AUTOMATED CONTROLLED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR FUNCTIONING IN THE CONDITIONS OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Aliev ZH Prof. RANS 
Published: February 2019

This article examines the current state of soil and water resources, farmland t.ch.i Azerbaijan Republic, the problem of progressive water and wind soil degradation , the need for the organization of agriculture , taking into account the introduction of automated control systems for irrigation using water saving technology and hardware equipment in it, the study of the characteristics a nd analysis of experience implementing measures to stabilize ecological and drainage system of agriculture in conditions of insufficient moisture areas in the country , as well as basic aspects of development of environmental reclamation approach balanced, rational use of a particular system of crop rotation and crop taking into account the requirements of economic development and environmental management.
Key words: irrigation, technology, degradation, automated management of low-intensity zones, agriculture
AQROECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF PROPOSALS, PROBLEMS AND SOLVING WAYS IN GARBAGE IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Aliev Z.H. Professor RAE. 
Published: February 2019

Afforestation and anthropogenic impacts of the primitive Torpag, grass cover and mainly pastures (degradation areas), degradation and degradation of forest ecosystems have led to considerable sharp reduction of the feed base in the Northern region. For a well-known purpose, Malik is a characteristic feature of Duran's relevance to the Agrarian Elmi, with a comprehensive approach to evaluating the agroeco-logical viewpoint of the existing and cultivated pasture production in the territory of the country, using Comprehensive Approach to Comprehensive Approach. Gobustan A detailed analysis of the five agro-ecological conditions of the winter pastures conducted by the district, the assessment of land and agrochemical groupings, etc. it is emphasized that it is necessary to carry out transport complex measures on improvement of complexes in wintered areas.
Key words: grazing lands, steppes, pastures, sophistication, measures of climate, agroecology, etc.
Authority Delegation
Authors: Overgaard Nicholas , Loiselle Mirka 
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new concept to the field of scientonomy, that of authority delegation. Authority delegation is, in essence, a type of relation between distinct scientific communities whereby one community both recognizes another as an expert on a particular topic and will accept the theories it is told by the expert community over the same topic. Importantly, authority delegation is not a new fundamental ontological category along with theory and method. We show that authority delegation is reducible to the more basic concepts of theory and method. Furthermore, we suggest that authority delegation comes in two forms: one-sided authority delegation and mutual authority delegation.Suggested Modifications[Sciento-2016-0003]: Accept the notion of authority delegation:Authority Delegation ≡ community A is said to be delegating authority over topic x to community B iff (1) community A accepts that community B is an expert on topic x and (2) community A will accept a theory on topic x if community B says so.[Sciento-2016-0004]: Provided that the preceding modification [Sciento-2016-0003] is accepted, accept the following notions of mutual and one-sided authority delegation, as subtypes of authority delegation: Mutual authority delegation ≡ communities A and B are said to be in a relationship of mutual authority delegation iff community A delegates authority over topic x to community B, and community B delegates authority over topic y to community A.One-Sided authority delegation ≡ communities A and B are said to be in a relationship of one-sided authority delegation iff community A delegates authority over topic x to community B, but community B doesn’t delegate any authority to community A.