bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐cropped fragments as important spider reservoirs in a Pampean agro‐ecosystem
Authors: Pompozzi Gabriel , Marrero Hugo J. , Haedo Joana , Fritz Laura , Torretta Juan P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgricultural landscapes include patches of cropped and non‐cropped habitats. Non‐cropped fragments are often source habitats for natural pest predators which colonise less suitable agricultural fields. The goals of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the contribution of non‐cropped fragments to agro‐ecosystems as biodiversity reservoirs and ecosystem service providers, by assessing the abundance of spider species and their diversity and (b) to quantify the spatial variation in spider communities across different non‐cropped fragments and crops. We hypothesised that non‐cropped fragments function as spider diversity reservoirs with better conditions for reproduction than crops. We collected spiders from 10 restored fragments having had no disturbance for 20 years and four field edges, along a gradient inside the crop adjacent to each fragment. Overall, we collected 3,591 spiders belonging to 49 species/morphospecies in 14 families. Non‐cropped fragments had a central role in the spider community, as estimated through species–habitat networks. We found differences in the diversity and abundance of spiders between non‐cropped and cropped fragments. However, these differences were only for immature spiders, whose abundance decreased from non‐cropped fragments towards the inside of crops. Our results highlight the importance of non‐cropped fragments in agro‐ecosystems as important source habitat patches, reservoirs of biodiversity and sites where spider reproductive success is possibly higher.
Increasing Psychological Capital: A Pre‐Registered Meta‐Analysis of Controlled Interventions
Authors: Lupșa Daria , Vîrga Delia , Maricuțoiu Laurențiu P. , Rusu Andrei 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the overall effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance psychological capital (PsyCap), well‐being, and performance. We used inclusion criteria such as: to have an experimental design, the sample to be formed by employees or students, to contain a measure of PsyCap, and a control group. Forty‐one trials (Ntotal = 3,911) met these criteria. The overall effect of the interventions on all PsyCap variables was significant but small (d = 0.34, k = 41, Z = 6.74, p < .001). Separate analyses on each of the PsyCap variables also revealed significant effects: small effects on developing PsyCap (d = 0.26, k = 9, Z = 4.37, p < .001), hope (d = 0.22, k = 5, Z = 2.26, p < .05), self‐efficacy (d = 0.37, k = 18, Z = 4.11, p < .001), and optimism (d = 0.36, k = 12, Z = 2.52, p < .05), and a small to medium effect for resilience (d = 0.49, k = 12, Z = 3.61, p < .001). The effectiveness of the PsyCap interventions on well‐being and performance is also significant.
Bullying as a Group Process in Childhood: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis
Authors: Rambaran J. Ashwin , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Veenstra René 
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the dynamic interplay between bullying relationships and friendships in a sample of 481 students in 19 elementary school classrooms (age 8–12 years; 50% boys). Based on a relational framework, it is to be expected that friendships would be formed when two children bullied the same person and that children would start to bully the victims of their friends. Similarly, it is to be expected that friendships would be formed when two children were victimized by the same bully and that children would become victimized by the bullies of their friends. Longitudinal bivariate social network analysis supported the first two hypotheses but not the latter two. This study provides evidence for group processes in bullying networks in childhood.
Functional analysis of a novel G87V TNFRSF1A mutation in patients with TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome
Authors: Tsuji S , Matsuzaki H , Iseki M , Nagasu A , Hirano H , Ishihara K , Ueda N , Honda Y , Horiuchi T , Nishikomori R , Morita Y , Mukai T 
Published: August 2019

Summary
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autoinflammatory disease that is caused by heterozygous mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene. Although more than 150 TNFRSF1A mutations have been reported to be associated with TRAPS phenotypes only a few, such as p.Thr79Met (T79M) and cysteine mutations, have been functionally analyzed. We identified two TRAPS patients in one family harboring a novel p.Gly87Val (G87V) mutation in addition to a p.Thr90Ile (T90I) mutation in TNFRSF1A. In this study, we examined the functional features of this novel G87V mutation. In-vitro analyses using mutant TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-over-expressing cells demonstrated that this mutation alters the expression and function of TNF-R1 similar to that with the previously identified pathogenic T79M mutation. Specifically, cell surface expression of the mutant TNF-R1 in transfected cells was inhibited with both G87V and T79M mutations, whereas the T90I mutation did not affect this. Moreover, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from TRAPS patients harboring the G87V and T90I mutations showed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the effect of various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on inflammatory responses was explored, revealing that PBMCs from TRAPS patients are hyper-responsive to TLR-2 and TLR-4 ligands and that interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of TRAPS. These findings suggest that the newly identified G87V mutation is one of the causative mutations of TRAPS. Our findings based on unique TRAPS-associated mutations provide novel insight for clearer understanding of inflammatory responses, which would be basic findings of developing a new therapeutic and prophylactic approach to TRAPS.
Delaying insect access alters community composition on small carrion: a quantitative approach
Authors: Kadlec J , Mikatova S , Maslo P , Sipkova H , Sipek P , Sladecek FXJ 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a study of interactions in the highly competitive insect communities inhabiting the carrion of small mammals. Via manipulation in a fully quantitative design, we delayed community development by excluding insect colonization in mouse and rat carcasses for 3 days, to study the role of early competitively dominant colonizers [burying beetles (Nicrophorus spp.; Coleoptera: Silphidae) and blowfly larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)] in the course of heterotrophic succession on small cadavers. Earlier studies demonstrated that in the case of large mammalian carrion, exclusion of insects’ access to the carcass in the early stages of decomposition altered the successional trajectory and species assemblages. However, the effect of such manipulation in easy monopolizable small vertebrate carrion remained unknown. Our results demonstrate that delaying insect access to carrion significantly lowered blowfly larvae abundances, while it simultaneously had no effect on colonization and carrion burial by burying beetles. Higher abundances of blowfly larvae seem to deter necrophagous beetles, whereas they are not harmful to the larvae of flesh flies, at least in larger rat carcasses. Predatory beetle species preferred the lower abundances of blowfly larvae, presumably due to better accessibility of their prey. Our results therefore suggest that in the course of the entire season, larvae of blowflies are the dominant competitors in small carcasses, and significantly affect the assembly of other insect groups, whereas burying beetles may exhibit a more temporal pattern of dominance.
Robust neural tracking of linguistic units relates to distractor suppression
Authors: Gao Yayue , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a complex auditory scene, speech comprehension involves several stages: for example segregating the target from the background, recognizing syllables and integrating syllables into linguistic units (e.g., words). Although speech segregation is robust as shown by invariant neural tracking to target speech envelope, whether neural tracking to linguistic units is also robust and how this robustness is achieved remain unknown. To investigate these questions, we concurrently recorded neural responses tracking a rhythmic speech stream at its syllabic and word rates, using electroencephalography. Human participants listened to that target speech under a speech or noise distractor at varying signal‐to‐noise ratios. Neural tracking at the word rate was not as robust as neural tracking at the syllabic rate. Robust neural tracking to target's words was only observed under the speech distractor but not under the noise distractor. Moreover, this robust word tracking correlated with a successful suppression of distractor tracking. Critically, both word tracking and distractor suppression correlated with behavioural comprehension accuracy. In sum, our results suggest that a robust neural tracking of higher‐level linguistic units relates to not only the target tracking, but also the distractor suppression.
Pleomorphic sarcoma with giant cells infiltrating the infraorbital canal in an aged Thoroughbred mare
Authors: Elane G. L. , Corbin E. M. , Reig L. , Brown J. A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA 27‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare presented for computed tomography (CT) of the head following a 3‐month history of facial swelling at the infraorbital foramen, unilateral self‐mutilation and head‐shaking. StandingCTimaging showed soft tissue attenuation surrounding the infraorbital canal, with extensive bony lysis of the canal and maxillary bone at the infraorbital foramen. The mare was subjected to euthanasia, and post‐mortem examination revealed a proliferative tan soft tissue mass overlying the infraorbital nerve. A histopathological diagnosis of pleomorphic sarcoma with giant cells was made. Immunohistochemical analysis failed to fully elucidate the mesenchymal cell of origin of the sarcoma. Pleomorphic sarcoma with giant cells involving the infraorbital canal of the horse has not been previously described. This case highlights chronic subtle behavioural changes attributable to this neoplasm prior to the development of clinical signs and the utility of advanced imaging in the diagnosis.
Understanding the household cooking fuel transition
Authors: Schunder Torsten , Bagchi‐Sen Sharmistha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree billion people use biomass and other harmful cooking fuels (e.g., charcoal) worldwide. This poses a significant risk to health and deters human development. Policies have been implemented to promote the use of modern cooking fuels, but the outcomes have been uneven. The problem continues to affect the poor, especially in rural and remote areas, in disproportionate ways. While technological solutions exist, widespread adoption has been slow due to various barriers to transition at the household level. In this paper, we provide a review of the findings from studies on household cooking fuel transition to show the various factors that affect the process. We not only acknowledge the role of policy but also emphasize the need for understanding the mismatch between broader policy and local household response to policy surrounding cooking fuel use.
Adipokines and the control of mast cell functions: from obesity to inflammation?
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAdipokines are peptide mediators produced by fat cells in adipose tissue that exert a powerful influence on many body systems, including the immune system. Leptin and adiponectin are among the best known of these molecules and have been shown to affect the functions of, for instance, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells. Here we present the results of a new study that describes the effects of leptin and adiponectin on mast cells, a cell type which plays an important role in controlling inflammatory responses. This provides an improved understanding of how obesity may contribute to chronic inflammation, and lead to a wide range of inflammatory pathologies.
The importance of targets and value creation in vertical acquisitions
Authors: Ekkayokkaya Manapol , Paudyal Krishna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study how value creation in vertical acquisitions varies in the importance of the target's assets to its acquirer. The synergistic gain increases in the degree of vertical relatedness between the acquirer and target industries. This finding suggests that the importance of the target firm's assets to its acquirer's productivity is an important value‐creating channel in vertical acquisitions. We also find evidence suggesting that acquirers extract greater value as the synergistic gain increases, consistent with an efficient investment incentive underlying the integration decision.
Benefits of cryopreserved human amniotic membranes in association with conventional treatments in the management of full‐thickness burns
Authors: Hatzfeld Anne‐Sophie , Pasquesoone Louise , Germain Nicolas , Danzé Pierre‐Marie , Drucbert Anne‐Sophie , Tardivel Meryem , Bongiovanni Antonino , Duquennoy‐Martinot Véronique , Guerreschi Pierre , Marchetti Philippe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of split‐thickness skin autografts (STSA) with dermal substitutes is the gold standard treatment for third‐degree burn patients. In this article, we tested whether cryopreserved amniotic membranes could be beneficial to the current treatments for full‐thickness burns. Swines were subjected to standardised full‐thickness burn injuries, and then were randomly assigned to treatments: (a) STSA alone; (b) STSA associated with the dermal substitute, Matriderm; (c) STSA plus human amniotic membrane (HAM); and (d) STSA associated with Matriderm plus HAM. Clinical and histological assessments were performed over time. We also reported the clinical use of HAM in one patient. The addition of HAM to classic treatments reduced scar contraction. In the presence of HAM, skin wound healing displayed high elasticity and histological examination showed a dense network of long elastic fibres. The presence of HAM increased dermal neovascularization, but no effect was observed on the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the wound. Moreover, the use of HAM with classical treatments in one human patient revealed a clear benefit in terms of elasticity. These results give initial evidence to consider the clinical application of HAM to avoid post‐burn contractures and therefore facilitate functional recovery after deep burn injury.
Industrial ecology, climate adaptation, and financial risk
Authors: Busch Timo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate adaptation has become an important topic for risk management in companies. This article investigates the usefulness of Industrial Ecology tools and concepts in this context. The conclusion is that the established tools and concepts were not designed with the purpose of assisting managers in the climate adaptation and related financial risk context. Nevertheless, the tools and concepts offer plenty of aspects and features that are helpful for the assessment and management of climate risks. The tools primarily provide guidance for the managerial decision‐making process, notably in terms of data handling. The concepts can be used as a starting point for developing new climate risk management frameworks.
The effect of volunteers’ care and support on the health outcomes of older adults in acute care: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Saunders Rosemary , Seaman Karla , Graham Renée , Christiansen Angela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the available evidence on the effects of care and support provided by volunteers on the health outcomes of older adults in acute care services.BackgroundAcute hospital inpatient populations are becoming older, and this presents the potential for poorer health outcomes. Factors such as chronic health conditions, polypharmacy and cognitive and functional decline are associated with increased risk of health care‐related harm, such as falls, delirium and poor nutrition. To minimise the risk of health care‐related harm, volunteer programmes to support patient care have been established in many hospitals worldwide.DesignA systematic scoping review.MethodsThe review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) (File S1). Nine databases were searched (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and JBI) using the following key terms: ‘hospital’, ‘volunteer’, ‘sitter’, ‘acute care’, ‘older adults’, ‘confusion’, ‘dementia’ and ‘frail’. The search was limited to papers written in English and published from 2002–2017. Inclusion criteria were studies involving the use of hospital volunteers in the care or support of older adult patients aged ≥ 65 years, or ≥ 50 years for Indigenous peoples, with chronic health conditions, cognitive impairment and/or physical decline or frailty, within the acute inpatient settings.ResultsOf the 199 articles identified, 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised for quality, and 12 articles were included in the final review.ConclusionsThere is evidence that the provision of volunteer care and support with eating and drinking, mobilising and therapeutic activities can impact positively upon patient health outcomes related to nutrition, falls and delirium. Further robust research is needed to determine the impact of volunteers in acute care and the specific care activities that can contribute to the best outcomes for older adults.Relevance to clinical practiceVolunteers can play a valuable role in supporting care delivery by nurses and other health professionals in acute care services, and their contribution can improve health outcomes for older adults in this setting.
Children's active participation in decision‐making processes during hospitalisation: An observational study
Authors: Quaye Angela A. , Coyne Imelda , Söderbäck Maja , Hallström Inger Kristensson 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim was to explore and describe the child's active participation in daily healthcare practice at children's hospital units in Sweden.Objectives(a) Identify everyday situations in medical and nursing care that illustrate children's active participation in decision‐making, (b) identify various ways of active participation, actual and optimal in situations involving decision‐making and (c) explore factors in nursing and medical care that influence children's active participation in decision‐making.BackgroundDespite active participation being a fundamental right for children, they are not always involved in decision‐making processes during their health care. There still remains uncertainty on how to support children to actively participate in decisions concerning their health care.DesignA qualitative study with overt, nonparticipant observations fulfilling the COREQ checklist criteria.MethodsObservations of interactions between children aged 2 and 17 years with both acute and chronic conditions, their parents, and healthcare professionals were conducted at three paediatric hospitals in Sweden. The Scale of Degrees of Self Determination was used to grade identified situations. The scale describes five levels of active participation, with level one being the least and level five being the most active level of participation. Normative judgements were also made.ResultsChildren's active participation was assessed as being generally at levels four and five. Children demonstrated both verbal and nonverbal ways of communication during decision‐making. Findings indicated that children's, parents' and healthcare professional's actions influenced children's active participation in decision‐making processes involving healthcare.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals specialised in paediatrics need to embrace both a child perspective and a child's perspective, plan care incorporating key elements of a child‐centred care approach, to ensure children's active participation at a level of their choosing.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for awareness creation to help healthcare professionals facilitate children's active participation in their care and decision‐making.
Acidic residues and a predicted, highly conserved α‐helix are critical for the endonuclease/strand separation functions of bacteriophage λ’s TerL
Authors: Arens Jean Sippy , Duffy Carol , Feiss Michael 
Published: August 2019

SummaryComplementation, endonuclease, strand separation, and packaging assays using mutant TerLλ’s, coupled with bioinformatic information and modeling of its endonuclease, identified five residues, D401, E408, D465, E563, and E586, as critical acidic residues of TerLλ’s endonuclease. Studies of phage and viral TerL nucleases indicate acidic residues participate in metal ion‐binding, part of a two‐ion metal catalysis mechanism, where metal ion A activates a water for DNA backbone hydrolysis. Modeling places D401, D465, and E586 in locations analogous to those of the metal‐binding residues of many phage and viral TerLs. Our work leads to a model of TerLλ’s endonuclease domain where at least three acidic residues from a ~185 residue segment (D401 to E586) are near each other in the structure, forming the endonuclease catalytic center at cosN, the nicking site. DNA interactions required to bring the rotationally symmetric cosN precisely to the catalytic center are proposed to rely on an ~60 residue region that includes a conserved α‐helix for dimerization. Metal ion A, positioned by TerLλ’s acidic D401 and E586, would be placed at cosN for water activation, ensuring high accuracy for DNA backbone hydrolysis.
Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal disease in children after hematopoietic cell transplantation or treated for malignancy: Impact of national programme of antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Czyżewski Krzysztof , Gałązka Przemysław , Frączkiewicz Jowita , Salamonowicz Małgorzata , Szmydki‐Baran Anna , Zając‐Spychała Olga , Gryniewicz‐Kwiatkowska Olga , Zalas‐Więcek Patrycja , Chełmecka‐Wiktorczyk Liliana , Irga‐Jaworska Ninela , Bień Ewa , Ociepa Tomasz , Wawryków Paweł , Tomaszewska Renata , Płonowski Marcin , Pierlejewski Filip , Gamrot‐Pyka Zuzanna , Małas Zofia , Urbanek‐Dądela Agnieszka , Stolpa Weronika , Zaucha‐Prażmo Agnieszka , Goździk Jolanta , Chaber Radosław , Gil Lidia , Styczyński Jan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe objective of the study was the analysis of incidence and outcome of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children treated for malignancy (PHO, paediatric hematology‐oncology) or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) over a period of six consecutive years in nationwide study. A total number of 5628 patients with newly diagnosed malignancies and 971 patients after HCT (741 allo‐HCT and 230 auto‐HCT) were screened for infectious complications in biennial reports. IFD incidence was lower among PHO patients: 8.8% vs 21.2% (P < .0001) and survival from IFD was better: 94.2% vs 84.1% (P < .0001). Auto‐HCT patients had lower incidence (10.9% vs 24.4%) and lower mortality than allo‐HCT patients. Introduction of national antifungal prophylaxis programme in HCT and acute leukaemia patients decreased incidence of IFD in HCT (from 23.1% to 13.4%) and AML on conventional chemotherapy (from 36% to 23%) but not in ALL patients during chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, the incidence of IFD was higher in patients after HCT, diagnosed for ALL, AML or NHL, and in patients > 10 years old. Factors contributing to death with infection were as follows: undergoing HCT, diagnosis of acute leukaemia (ALL or AML) and duration of treatment of infection > 21 days. In conclusion, the incidence of IFD in allo‐HCT and in AML patients on chemotherapy has decreased after introduction of national programme of antifungal prophylaxis, while the incidence of IFD in ALL patients on chemotherapy did not change significantly. The outcome of IFD both in PHO and HCT patients has largely improved in comparison with historical international data.