bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market power in distribution and pass‐through for consumers and producers
Authors: Francois Joseph , Manchin Miriam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe examine the differential pass‐through of import prices into consumer and producer prices. We develop a framework with distribution costs and distribution market power. We then examine pass‐through from import prices to consumer and producer prices in the euro area using the U.S. import price as instrument. We find that pass‐through rates to producer prices are more sensitive to changes in distribution margins than pass‐through to consumer prices. Furthermore, only a portion of import price changes translate into domestic price changes limiting potential consumer benefits from tariff liberalization, with market power in distribution services being one important factor reducing pass‐through.
Causal Effect of Credit Guarantees for Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Italy
Authors: D’Ignazio Alessio , Menon Carlo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the effectiveness of a partial credit guarantee program, implemented in a large Italian region, that aimed to improve the access to credit of small and medium enterprises. Using unique microdata from a broad set of firms, we show that the policy increased the long‐term loans for beneficiary firms, while the total volume of bank loans was unaffected. Furthermore, targeted firms benefited from a substantial decrease in interest rates. However, there is some evidence that firms are more likely to default as a consequence of the treatment. Conversely, the results do not point to any significant effect on investments.
A four‐part framework for geodesign software creation and research
Authors: McMillan‐Wilhoit Juliana , Bastian Elizabeth , Hiett Matthew , Garfinkle Noah , Foltz Thomas , Calfas George W. , Myers Natalie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGeodesign is an urban planning framework which combines the traditionally separated tasks of landscape planning, site planning, and geographic analysis through automated software flows. Through the amalgamation of these elements, a user gains a fuller picture of the environment they are planning for and becomes better equipped to explain planning decisions. As planning processes become increasingly complex, geodesign software becomes necessary to successfully facilitate planning. Using the software product Engineer Site Identification for the Technical Environment (ENSITE) as an example, this article provides a framework for successful geodesign products made up of four aspects: rapid development; flexible software architecture; global data; team of subject matter experts.
Cellular stress response biomarkers for toxicity potential assessment of treated wastewater complex mixtures
Authors: Etteieb Selma , Tarhouni Jamila , Isoda Hiroko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiomarker responses provide an early warning on environmental effects of water toxicants. The current work aimed to assess the stress biomarkers responses to toxicity potential of treated wastewater effluents in human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells. Overall results of stress response genes overexpression confirmed the occurrence of water pollutants stressors which stimulate the modulation of biomarkers of effect mainly Heat shock proteins (Hsps), Metal‐responsive transcription factors, Calreticulin, Thioredoxin and P‐glycoprotein. Stress response genes were significantly overexpressed for all treated cells, revealing the activation of mechanisms of Caco‐2 cell protection mainly Hsp protection machinery and cellular defence against oxidative stress. Organic micropollutants associated with toxicity potential in treated effluents were identified. Stress response biomarkers assessment revealed human health and environmental impacts to take corrective measures to protect recipient water bodies from harmful effects of effluent discharges.
Measurement of antibiotic resistance of microbial species in the Karasu River (Turkey) using molecular techniques
Authors: Avşar Cumhur 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Karasu River (Sinop, Turkey) was sampled for bacteriological analyses and investigation of antibiotic resistance at the bacterial isolates. In the study, the physical properties and numbers of total aerobic (TA), total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC), faecal Streptococci (FS) and Escherichia coli in water samples were investigated. E. coli strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, antibiotic resistant genes, virulence genes and plasmid DNA analysis and fingerprinting techniques. The bacteriological analysis results showed that the difference between TA, TC, FC and FS numbers (p > 0.05) was not significant for a total of four stations. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) values of tested strains were found in range from 0.4 to 0.7. The antibiotic resistance genes of strains; tetA (33.9%), blacym‐2 (12.5%) and cat1 (16.7%) were screened by PCR method. Out of a total of 57 E. coli isolates, 11 E. coli strains were positive for the eae (19.6%) gene, representing atypical EPEC, whilst only one strain was positive for the eae and stx1 (1.7%) gene, representing STEC. Present study has shown that the aquatic environments can be reservoirs of pathogenic E. coli strains. The study also indicated that PCR‐based techniques might especially be helpful in the rapid identification of multidrug‐resistance analysis and virulence genes of strains. Karasu stream, which is important in Sinop province, Turkey, was investigated for the first time in this study in terms of a molecular microbiological perspective.
Fine-Grained Control over Tracking to Support the Ad-Based Web Economy
Authors: Achara Jagdish Prasad , Parra-Arnau Javier , Castelluccia Claude 
Published: October 2018

The intrusiveness of Web tracking and the increasing invasiveness of digital advertising have raised serious concerns regarding user privacy and Web usability, leading a substantial chunk of the populace to adopt ad-blocking technologies in recent years. The problem with these technologies, however, is that they are extremely limited and radical in their approach, and they completely disregard the underlying economic model of the Web, in which users get content free in return for allowing advertisers to show them ads. Nowadays, with around 200 million people regularly using such tools, said economic model is in danger.
In this article, we investigate an Internet technology that targets users who are not, in general, against advertising, accept the trade-off that comes with the “free” content, but—for privacy concerns—they wish to exert fine-grained control over tracking. Our working assumption is that some categories of web pages (e.g., related to health or religion) are more privacy-sensitive to users than others (e.g., about education or science). Capitalizing on this, we propose a technology that allows users to specify the categories of web pages that are privacy-sensitive to them and block the trackers present on such web pages only. As tracking is prevented by blocking network connections of third-party domains, we avoid not only tracking but also third-party ads. Since users continue receiving ads on those web pages that belong to non-sensitive categories, our approach may provide a better point of operation within the trade-off between user privacy and the Web economy. To test the appropriateness and feasibility of our solution, we implemented it as a Web-browser plug-in, which is currently available for Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. Experimental results from the collected data of 746 users during one year show that only 16.25% of ads are blocked by our tool, which seems to indicate that the economic impact of the ad-blocking exerted by privacy-sensitive users could be significantly reduced.
Robust Activity of Avapritinib, Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Mutated KIT, in Patient-derived Xenograft Models of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Gebreyohannes Yemarshet K. , Wozniak Agnieszka , Zhai Madalina-Elena , Wellens Jasmien , Cornillie Jasmien , Vanleeuw Ulla , Evans Erica , Gardino Alexandra K. , Lengauer Christoph , Debiec-Rychter Maria , Sciot Raf , Schöffski Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are commonly treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The majority of patients with advanced GIST ultimately become resistant to TKI due to acquisition of secondary KIT mutations, whereas primary resistance is mainly caused by PDGFRA p.D842V mutation. We tested the activity of avapritinib, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of mutated KIT and PDGFRA, in three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GIST models carrying different KIT mutations, with differential sensitivity to standard TKI.
Experimental Design: NMRI nu/nu mice (n = 93) were transplanted with human GIST xenografts with KIT exon 11+17 (UZLX-GIST9KIT 11+17), exon 11 (UZLX-GIST3KIT 11), or exon 9 (UZLX-GIST2BKIT9) mutations, respectively. We compared avapritinib (10 and 30 mg/kg/once daily) versus vehicle, imatinib (50 mg/kg/bid) or regorafenib (30 mg/kg/once daily; UZLX-GIST9KIT11+17); avapritinib (10, 30, 100 mg/kg/once daily) versus vehicle or imatinib [UZLX-GIST3KIT11]; and avapritinib (10, 30, 60 mg/kg/once daily) versus vehicle, imatinib (50, 100 mg/kg/twice daily), or sunitinib (40 mg/kg/once daily; UZLX-GIST2BKIT9).

Results:
In all models, avapritinib resulted in reduction of tumor volume, significant inhibition of proliferation, and reduced KIT signaling. In two models, avapritinib led to remarkable histologic responses, increase in apoptosis, and inhibition of MAPK-phosphorylation. Avapritinib showed superior (UZLX-GIST9KIT 11+17 and -GIST2BKIT 9) or equal (UZLX-GIST3KIT 11) antitumor activity to the standard dose of imatinib. In UZLX-GIST9KIT 11+17, the antitumor effects of avapritinib were significantly better than with imatinib or regorafenib.

Conclusions:
Avapritinib has significant antitumor activity in GIST PDX models characterized by different KIT mutations and sensitivity to established TKI. These data provide strong support for the ongoing clinical trials with avapritinib in patients with GIST (NCT02508532, NCT03465722).
Cryptic diversity in the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca)
Authors: Jablonski Daniel , Nagy Zoltán T. , Avcı Aziz , Olgun Kurtuluş , Kukushkin Oleg V. , Safaei-Mahroo Barbod , Jandzik David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The smooth snake, Coronella austriaca, is a common snake species widespread in the Western Palearctic region. It does not form conspicuous morphological variants and, although several evolutionary lineages have been distinguished based on the analyses of the mitochondrial DNA sequences, only two subspecies with very limited distribution have been traditionally recognized. Here we present an mtDNA phylogeography of the species using geographically extended sampling while incorporating biogeographically important areas that have not been analyzed before, such as Anatolia, Crimea, and Iran. We find that the smooth snake comprises 14 distinct phylogenetic clades with unclear mutual relationships, characterized by complex genetic structure and relatively deep divergences; some of them presumably of Miocene origin. In general, the biogeographic pattern is similar to other Western Palearctic reptiles and illustrates the importance of the main European peninsulas as well as the Anatolian mountains, Caucasus, and Alborz Mts. in Iran for the evolution of the present-day diversity. Considerable genetic structure present in the smooth snake populations within these large areas indicates the existence of several regional Plio-Pleistocene refugia that served as reservoirs for dispersal and population expansions after the glacial periods. The current taxonomy of C. austriaca does not reflect the rich genetic diversity, deep divergences, and overall evolutionary history revealed in our study and requires a thorough revision. This will only be possible with an even higher-resolution sampling and integrative approach, combining analyses of multiple genetic loci with morphology, and possibly other aspects of the smooth snake biology.
Associations between personal social capital and depressive symptoms: Evidence from a probability sample of urban residents in China
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Gao Mengting , Xu Yayun , Wang Yan , Li Shiyue 
Published: October 2018

Background: Rapid socioeconomic changes in China present a mental health challenge and also an opportunity to investigate the relationship between social capital and depression. Materials and methods: Participants (18–45 years old, N = 1,250) were selected using a probability sampling method. The relationship between social capital (measured using the Personal Social Capital Scale) and depression (measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory Depression Subscale) was examined using bivariate analysis, followed by multiple regression to control for covariates. Results: Of the total sample, 54.64% were female with mean age = 35.1 (standard deviation ( SD) = 7.5) years old. Depression score was 10.40 ( SD = 3.62) for males and 10.36 ( SD) = 3.30) for females. The social capital measures (including the total, bonding and bridging) were all negatively associated with depression scores, while the negative social capital was positively associated, after controlling for covariates. Subgroup analysis revealed some differences in the social capital–depression associations. Conclusion: The protective effect of social capital for mental health reported in other countries is also evident in this study. In addition, we found a positive association between negative social capital and depression. In addition to adding new knowledge, findings of this study, if verified with longitudinal design, can be used to support social and behavioral interventions in China to promote mental health by social capital enhancement.
Nonlinear Strain Effects on Delinquent Behavior and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Hoffmann John P. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Few studies have examined the potential nonlinear effects of strain on offending and other outcomes, even though the initial development of general strain theory (GST) recognized their feasibility. This study was designed to investigate these nonlinear effects on delinquent behavior and depressive symptoms, as well as the potential moderating effects of family relations. Methods: Eight years of longitudinal data from the Family Health Study ( n = 840) were used to develop a multivariate multilevel model that examined the nonlinear effects of strain—in the form of stressful life events—on delinquent behavior and depressive symptoms. Results: The empirical results suggested that strain has an exponential effect on the delinquency when family relations are poor and a diminishing effect on depressive symptoms when family relations are strong. Conclusions: The findings of this study lend support to the argument that strain has nonlinear effects on delinquency, crime, and depressive symptoms. This suggests that research should consider nonlinear effects in more detail when assessing of GST. Moreover, good family relations can serve to protect youth against the untoward effects of strain and thus may provide a practical focus for intervention efforts.
Measuring the role of two competing groups of informed agents in opinion formation
Authors: Selim Kamal S , Okasha Ahmed E , Farag Fatma R 
Published: October 2018

For politicians, to promote intended messages to different groups of individuals, they could employ strategic individuals called “informed agents.” The aim of this article is to explore and measure the impact of two competing groups of informed agents on opinion dynamics within a society exposed to two extreme opinions. Thus, an agent-based model is developed as an extension to the bounded confidence model by assuming the existence of two groups of informed agents. The impact of these agents with respect to their social characteristics, such as, their size in the society, how tolerant they are, their self-weight and attitudes about others’ opinions is explored. Different assumptions about the initial opinion distributions and their effect are also investigated. Due to the difficulty of observing a real society, social simulation experiments are constructed based on artificial societies. The simulations conducted resulted in some interesting findings. With no dominating group of the two informed agents, the society will be ended up concentrated around a moderate position. On the other hand, with significant difference between the two group sizes, the larger group will polarize the population towards its opinion. However, this conclusion will not apply if the population is skewed towards the other opinion. In such case, the larger group will only succeed to turn some of the society to be more moderate. In a society skewed towards extreme opinion, dominant informed agents adopting the other extreme will not be able to shift the society towards their opinion. Finally, in radical societies informed agents could turn most of the society to be extremists.
Identifying core curricular components for behavioral health training in internal medicine residency: Qualitative interviews with residents, faculty, and behavioral health clinicians
Authors: Hemming Patrick , Revels Jessica A , Tran Anh N , Greenblatt Lawrence H , Steinhauser Karen E 
Published: October 2018

Objective Behavioral health services frequently delivered by primary care providers include care for mental health and substance abuse disorders and assistance with behavioral risk factor reduction. Internal medicine residencies in the United States lack formal expectations regarding training in behavioral health for residents. This qualitative study aimed to determine learners’ and teachers’ perceptions about appropriate behavioral health curricular components for internal medicine residents. Method Focus groups and interviews were conducted with the following individuals from the Duke Outpatient Clinic: residents with continuity practice (n = 27), advanced practice providers (n = 2), internal medicine attending physicians (n = 4), internal medicine/psychiatry attending physicians (n = 2), and behavioral health clinicians (n = 4). A focus group leader asked regarding residents’ successes and challenges in managing behavioral health issues and about specific learning components considered necessary to understand and manage these behavioral health conditions. Transcripts were coded using an editing analysis style to identify central themes and concordance/discordance between groups. Results Regarding mental health management (Theme 1), residents emphasized a need for better care coordination with specialty mental health, while attendings and behavioral health clinicians gave priority to residents’ skills in primary management of mental health. Residents, attendings, and behavioral health clinicians all emphasized advanced interviewing skills (Theme 2) with subthemes: eliciting the patient’s perspective, managing time in encounters, improving patients’ understanding, and patient counseling. Conclusions Internal medicine residents, attendings, and behavioral health clinicians may differ significantly in their perceptions of primary care’s role in mental health care. Future internal medicine behavioral health curricula should specifically address these attitudinal differences. Curricula should also emphasize interview skills training as an essential component of behavioral health learning.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the human abuse liability of solriamfetol, a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Authors: Carter Lawrence P , Henningfield Jack E , Wang Y Grace , Lu Yuan , Kelsh Debra , Vince Bradley , Sellers Edward 
Published: October 2018

Background: This study evaluated the human abuse potential of solriamfetol (formerly JZP-110), a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with robust wake-promoting effects. Methods: Adults with a recent history of recreational polydrug use, including stimulants, and who met criteria in a Qualification Phase were randomized to one of six sequences in a Test Phase. Each Test Phase sequence included a single administration of placebo, solriamfetol (300, 600, and 1200 mg), and phentermine (45 and 90 mg), with a two-day washout between periods. The primary endpoint was peak rating ( Emax) of Liking at the Moment across the first 12 h on a liking/disliking visual analog scale; key secondary endpoints were Next Day Overall Drug Liking, how much the participant would like to Take the Drug Again, and positive and negative subjective effects. Safety was also assessed throughout the study. Results: Of 43 participants (74.4% male; mean age 29.3 years), 37 completed the study. Peak Emax Liking at the Moment for all solriamfetol doses was significantly greater than placebo and significantly less than phentermine 90 mg ( p < 0.05). Overall Next Day Drug Liking was greater than placebo for solriamfetol 300 mg and phentermine 45 and 90 mg ( p < 0.05). Willingness to Take the Drug Again was significantly greater than placebo and significantly less than both doses of phentermine for all doses of solriamfetol ( p < 0.05). Ratings of negative subjective effects (bad effects, disliking, anxiety, agitation) were higher with solriamfetol 600 and 1200 mg relative to phentermine. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events with solriamfetol were hypervigilance, elevated mood, dry mouth, hyperhidrosis, and insomnia. Conclusion: Solriamfetol appears to have abuse potential similar to or lower than phentermine.
Unwaged Work and the Production of Sustainability in Eco-Conscious Households
Authors: Munro Kirstin 
Published: October 2018

An investigation of household sustainability production makes possible the evaluation of the trade-offs inherent in these pro-environmental activities. The results suggest that policies promoting household-level sustainability efforts may be misguided. Without accompanying radical transformations in infrastructures and institutions—including the household—these efforts will always fall short of what is needed to promote human flourishing and protect the environment from harm. JEL Classification: B54, B51, D13, Q50