bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marteloskope als Trainingstools zur Erhaltung und Förderung von Habitatbäumen im Wald
Authors: Krumm Frank , Lachat Thibault , Schuck Andreas , Bütler Rita , Kraus Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Marteloscopes as training tools for the retention and conservation of habitat trees in forests
Recently several initiatives on the political and practical level have aimed at promoting forest biodiversity and at halting the loss of species in forest ecosystems. Nevertheless numerous species are still threatened. The main reason for this phenomenon is most likely the fact that habitat trees – i.e. trees providing microhabitats for various different species – are rare in managed forests. In the course of the projects Integrate and Integrate+ (carried out at the European Forest Institute between 2011 and 2017) we looked for methods on how to retain habitat trees within the scope of integrative forest management. It became more and more apparent that most foresters very successfully recognize economically valuable trees, but not habitat trees. For that reason we categorized habitat structures occurring on trees and developed a microhabitat catalogue to determine habitat values. Additionally we used marteloscopes as training tools for the retention of habitat trees within integrative forest management. Altogether we established 40 such marteloscopes with a biodiversity focus across Europe. Three of these are located in Switzerland. Using a mobile app on a tablet computer we analyzed effects of different tree selections with respect to habitat and economic value of a stand. Furthermore the marteloscopes are ideal tools to convince decision makers or conservationists that harvesting trees and promoting biodiversity can be achieved in the very same stand.
A afirmação da finitude como possibilidade para a responsabilização do desejo: notas a partir de Heidegger e Lacan
Authors: Santos Renato dos , Dalbosco Juliana Rodrigues 
Published: March 2019

O propósito deste artigo é o de evidenciar de que forma a afirmação de ser ser-para-a-morte de Heidegger pode ser entendido como condição de possibilidade para a responsabilização do desejo conforme formulado pela psicanálise lacaniana. Primeiro, descreve-se a estrutura do Dasein heideggeriano, bem como seus existenciais. Em seguida, analisa-se o uso e o sentido da noção de desejo em Lacan. Tanto numa existência autêntica, quanto num final de análise, onde o sujeito sabe lidar com suas perdas, diante da angústia, ele assume um papel de protagonista de sua existência e consegue se responsabilizar pelo seu desejo. A análise, nesse sentido, serve como uma ferramenta que possibilita o sujeito lidar com este sofrimento decorrente da falta, deste nada que falou Heidegger. Evidentemente que a análise não objetiva eliminar esta falta ontológica, mas tão somente desconstruir os fantasmas que o sujeito construiu para afastar o que lhe é mais próprio, constitutivo de sua estrutura ontológica, qual seja, sua finitude. Portanto, tanto para Heidegger, por meio da afirmação da angústia frente à morte, quanto para Lacan, onde o sujeito assumiu a tragédia de sua existência – no final de análise –, é a afirmação da finitude que possibilita a responsabilização do desejo, de ser autêntico ou, se preferir, sujeito.
Assessment of anti-inflammatory effects of Japanese Kampo medicine versus functional foods
Authors: Nishizawa Mikio , Okumura Tadayoshi , Ikeya Yukinobu 
Published: March 2019

Background: Traditional Japanese drugs called Kampo medicine are widely used in Japan. Each Kampo medicine consists of several crude drugs, most of which are derived from medicinal plants. Clinical administration has empirically evaluated the effects of Kampo medicine In contrast, functional foods are prepared from foods and edible plants (e.g., herbs, vegetables, and fruits). Due to the relatively low content of a pharmacologically active constituents in functional foods, their effectiveness has not been well evaluated and thus should be better investigated. Kampo medicine and functional foods have beneficial effects for humans, and many of them exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we discuss the principles and methods to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of functional foods and Kampo medicine.To investigate pharmacological effects of functional foods and Kampo medicines, their constituents should be isolated to identify their chemical structures. Cell-based studies are commonly performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of the constituents in Kampo medicine and functional foods. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes are used and produce pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide. When an extract from a Kampo medicine, functional food, or a respective constituent is added to the medium, pro-inflammatory mediator production decreases, and the anti-inflammatory activity is estimated. Animal experiments have been performed using disease models, such as the endotoxemia model for animals, to which bacterial endotoxin is administered. Administering an effective functional food or Kampo medicine improves the survival of the model animals. The action of the anti-inflammatory effects of functional foods and Kampo medicines can be investigated by the above-mentioned methods. The studies using cells and animals will provide a basis for the safe and effective use of functional foods and Kampo medicine in humans to treat diseases or improve health conditions.Keywords: herbal drug, Kampo medicine, nitric oxide, inflammation, hepatocytes.
Effect of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) green leaf extract on immune response in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Hirayama Yosuke , Takanari Jun , Goto Kazunori , Ueda Hiroshi , Tanaka Aiko , Nishihira Jun 
Published: March 2019

Background: Welsh onion belongs to genus allium. Although its medicinal benefit such as cold prevention is well known by tradition, the underlying mechanism and active components have never been elucidated. The recent study revealed that Welsh onion mucus enhances tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production from RAW 264 cells and natural killer (NK) cell activity in murine spleen cells. This mucilage was abundant in the leaf blade of Welsh onion. Thus, we investigated the effect of Welsh onion green leaf extract (GLE) on immune competence in the human clinical trial. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Fifty-five healthy subjects were enrolled after the screening based on NK cell activity, and each sample (placebo, low-dose GLE or high-dose GLE) was supplemented for four weeks. The immune competence activity was evaluated through the primary endpoints that were NK cell activity and the score of immunological vigor (SIV). The SIV was calculated from lymphocyte subset analysis by flow cytometry method.Results: NK cell activity was enhanced in all supplemented groups including placebo, especially, it was significant in both GLE groups. The result of immune score showed that the immunity of high-dose GLE group did not change although it was significantly lowered in placebo group (p<0.01), suggesting that GLE ameliorated the immunity suppression. In addition, when SIV was compared between pre- and post-intake, the ratios of the improved subjects in two GLE groups were higher than that of placebo group while those of the aggravated subjects showed the opposite result. In particular, they were remarkable in high-dose GLE group.Conclusion: These results suggest that the intake of low- or high-dose GLE might positively regulate immune competence.Keywords: welsh onion, immunity, natural killer cell, clinical trial
RESTORATION OF FORMER GRASSLAND IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS
Authors: Leonard Wendy J. , Van Auken O. W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the past, grasslands and savannas were common in many areas of south-central Texas, including the San Antonio area. With the advent of European settlers and their livestock, much of this area was converted to agriculture and rangeland. Today, most of San Antonio is developed, but some preservation has occurred. Restored grassland, mechanically cleared of Juniperus ashei (juniper, Ashe juniper) and other woody species in 2013, was examined and compared to adjacent non-cleared woodland. The woodland examined was dominated by Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon) and Juniperus ashei. Richness in the woodland canopy was 15 species. The understory below the canopy had 25 woody species. In the restored grassland area, herbaceous plant cover was 41.8%, woody plant cover 5.8%, bare soil 2.9%, and litter cover 49.5%. Species richness was 71, with 60 herbaceous and 11 woody species (percent cover of each from &lt;0.1–7.1%). The most common species in the restored grassland in descending order were Nassella leucotricha (Texas winter grass), Calyptocarpus vialis (straggler daisy), Carex planostachys (cedar sedge), Sporobolus crypandrus (sand dropseed), D. texana, and Verbesina virginica (frost weed). Several C4 grass species were present with low cover but may increase in abundance over time. Four of the six most common restored grassland species were present below the woodland canopy and 12 woody species were present in the restored grassland as juveniles. Cost of restoration was approximately $38,500 ($7,500 supplies, $31,000 labor).
Corruption as a threat to the russia national security. Evaluation and reduction of risk on the modeling’s basis
Authors: Belov P. G. 
Published: March 2019

The article presents the study of the corruption call (CC) results which implies the development of the corresponding threat, which requires a response to save the nation and the country created by it. The main emphasis is on an a priori assessment of the measure of the possibility of CC and the expected social and economic damage from it. The main tools used are graph-analytical and logical-probabilistic modeling, as well as the system analysis of the circumstances of the spread of corruption based on it and the system synthesis of proposals for its limitation. The assessing criteria of the CC severity is the risk, interpreted as an integral measure of this danger and measured in person-years of lost social time. The models developed by the author are causal diagrams and their mathematical equivalents, taking into account several dozen prerequisites for the appearance of CC and the outcomes of its destructive manifestation. Among the factors of the first group are prevail everything that results from the vicious privatization of the former USSR property and the overconsumption of the Russia citizens, while their negative consequences are various forms of economic, political and moral damage. Considering the specificity of social processes and the limited humanitarian methods of their research, an important place in the article is devoted to evaluating the parameters used in the model using the apparatus of the fuzzy sets theory and automating its system (qualitative and quantitative) analysis.
Sustainable Cultural Heritage Management: Example of Troy Archaeological Site
Authors: ERDOĞAN Melike , ATAK ÇOBANOĞLU Şermin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Sustainable cultural heritage management is a process
that local community are active with institutions in the process of determining
the goals for conservation and utilization in the cultural heritage areas,
planning, application and inspection of activities to be carried out. Turkey is
a wealthy country from the point of cultural heritage due to historical
background. 17 places in Turkey are
situated in the world heritage list by UNESCO. One of these places is the
ancient city of Troy which has a long historical background. The aim of the study is revealing the things
to be done in order to maintain the sustainability of the ancient city of Troy
with jointly management. The study was carried out with an interview with
public institutions, delegates of public sector, local community and
nongovernmental organizations. As the
result of interviews, it was determined that sustainability of cultural
heritage values of ancient city of Troy was tried to be provided with a participative
management model. It is recommended that
making a management plan for ensuring
for the sustainable cultural heritage management of the ancient city of
Troy should be made, the interinstitutional coordination should be improved,
and the public participation should be increased.
Modeling of Moisture Adsorption Isotherm of Selected Commercial flours of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md Wadud , Aziz Mohammad Gulzarul , Islam Md Nazrul 
Published: March 2019

The moisture adsorption behavior is a fundamental knowledge in the processing and storage of food materials. In this paper, the experimental adsorption behavior of wheat, rice and corn flours were compared with five widely recommended adsorption models (BET, GAB, Oswin, Smith and Halsey) in the literature. From the sorption data, monolayer moisture content of wheat, rice and corn flours were estimated as per BET and GAB models. For all flours, GAB model gave higher monolayer moisture content compare to the BET model. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the model constants where all models were compared using regression coefficient and standard error of the estimate. It was observed that there is no single model that could describe accurately the sorption isotherm over the whole range of water activity (aw) and for all types of flours. BET model was found as the best model for the prediction of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the most stable region (i.e. EMC corresponding to aw range below 0.52) but it was not suitable at aw above 0.52. The GAB model was found to be the most suitable to predict the EMC for wide range of water activity (0.11 to 0.93).
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 35-42
Nutrients Content in Some Vegetables Grown in South-Central Coastal Regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Azam AKM Faruk E , Rahman Md Taifur , Maniruzzaman Muhammad , Zabir Abdullah Al , Uddin Md Nizam 
Published: March 2019

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses for crop production. A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between salinity level and nutrient contents in some popular vegetables grown in some selected tidal areas of Barguna and Patuakhali districts of Bangladesh. Samples of six different vegetables such as bottle gourd leaf (Lagenaria siceraria), sweet gourd leaf (Cucurbita maxima), radish leaf (Raphanus sativus), bean (Lablab niger), red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were collected along with soils from different locations of the study areas and were analyzed for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S) contents. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. In saline areas, comparatively lower amounts of P, K, Ca, Mg and S were detected in most of the collected vegetables than those of non-saline areas. Conversely, bottle gourd leaf, radish leaf and bean accumulated comparatively higher amount of Ca at higher salinity levels. The uptake of P by bottle gourd leaf and radish leaf, Mg by bottle gourd leaf and red amaranth was also higher in the saline soil. The inconsistent uptake of Ca, Mg and P were found in some vegetables due to the differences of fertilizer application and intercultural operation. The vegetables could tolerate moderate soil salinity (soil EC up to7.9 dSm-1) and might be recommended to grow in the tidal saline areas of Barguna and Patuakhali districts of Bangladesh.
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 43-57
Efficacy of Trichoderma against Colletotrichum capsici Causing Fruit Rot Due to Anthracnose of Chili (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Rahman MA , Ansari TH , Alam MF , Moni JR , Ahmed M 
Published: March 2019

Five Trichoderma species/strains, Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were tested against anthracnose and fruit rot of chilli. Effect of Trichoderma species in suppressing anthracnose and fruit rot as well as the growth and yield of chilli were evaluated. Seven treatments consisting of five Trichoderma strains, one Colletotrichum capsici and control were used as seed treatments. Chilli seeds were treated with spore suspension or secondary metabolites of each Trichoderma species/strain and C. capsici separately. Mixture of suspension of each Trichoderma species/strain with C. capsici was also used as spore suspension or secondary metabolites. Percent fruit infection in the control treatment was found almost similar to the treatment that contained T. viridae and T. pseudokoningii spore suspension or secondary metabolites. T. harzianum strains alone suppressed fruit infection (%) significantly. Further all the Trichoderma species/strains reduced the fruit infection (%) than the diseased control even when seeds were treated with Trichoderma separately mixing with C. capsici. Spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 was found much more effective against C. capsici which suppressed 95.8% and 79.6 % fruit infection respectively under natural (without C. capsici) and high inoculum pressure of C. capsici. All the tested Trichoderma species/strains showed higher plant growth and increased fruit yield irrespective of rest of the treatments. It was found that Trichoderma strains control chilli fruit rot significantly but high inoculum pressure of C. capsici reduced fruit yield drastically. Among the treatments, spore suspension of T. harzianum IMI-392433 increased the fruit yield 83.6% and 76.5% per plant compared to spore suspension of C. capsici and control treatments, respectively. These results implied that T. harzianum IMI-392433 can effectively control fruit rot of chili caused by C. capsici through host resistance and antifungal metabolite activity. The fruit yield was increased due to the influence of T. harzianum IMI-392433 on vigorous physiological growth of plants as well as efficacy against the disease.
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 75-87
Demographic Characteristics of Diabetic Neuropathy Patients Attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mashudur , Rizvi Abu Nasir , Uddin Mohammad Nazim , Khanam Rashida Akter , Khan Muhammad Abdul Momen , Khanam Shafia 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the early complications of diabetes mellitus patients which is very difficult to face in the daily living activities. The purpose of the present study was to see the demographic characteristics of diabetic neuropathy patients.
Metarials & Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology including Neuropathy Clinic and in collaboration with department of Endocrinology at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2012 to December 2013 for a period of two (2) years. Adult diabetic patients presented with neuropathic pain with symmetrical involvement of distal limbs from indoor and outpatient department of Neurology including Neuropathy clinic as well as indoor and outpatient department of Endocrinology, BSMMU were enrolled in the study population. Data was collected by face to face interview. Information was collected by taking medical history and clinical examinations and subsequent laboratory investigations.
Results: A total number of 102 cases were recruited for this study who were clinically diagnosed as painful diabetic polyneuropathy. Female was predominant than male 55(53.9%) cases and 47(46.1%) cases respectively. The male and female ratio was 1:1.2. Majority were in the age group of more than 55 years which was 55(53.9%) cases. The mean age with SD of the study population was 52.79±9.42 years. Among 102 patients type II DM was predominate than type I patients which were 95(92.2%) cases and 8(7.8%) cases respectively. The mean duration of DM with SD was 6.51±3.6 years. However the mean duration of neuropathic pain was 1.68±1.155 years.
Conclusion: In conclusion majority of the diabetic neuropathy patients are female suffering from type II DM in the middle age.
Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(1): 27-30
Risk Factors Analysis for Abnormal Semen Characteristics in Sub-Fertile Male
Authors: Akhter Afroza , Chowdury Liza , Akhter Mahbuba , Haque Samira 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for abnormal semen parameters in male partner of sub-fertile couples.
Materials & Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 diagnosed infertile & sub-fertile couples in the age group between 23-58 yrs old male were from 1st March 2013 to 28th Feb 2014 treated in Dhaka Combined Military Hospital (CMH). On the basis of sperm count the cases were grouped as follows. normozoospermia, oligozoospermia & azoospermia. Semen analysis was done in all the cases, The results were described with arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Male partners with normal semen parameters was undertaken among the sub-fertile couples attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of CMH Dhaka. The history was taken from selected individual and it includes personal, socio-economics, occupational, medical, surgical history and drug intake to find out risk factors for abnormal semen parameters.
Results: In Normozoospermia mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormally, sperm motillity were 65.98±5.05, 24.44±1.57 and 45.5±2.94 respectively. In 0ligozoospermia the mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm mtility were 7.74±1.23, 41.1±3.78, 14.54±2.77 respectively. In azoospermia the mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility were absent.
Conclusion: Here data statistically showed person with normozoospermia having good sperm morphology & motility than oligozoospermia and azoospermic subjects thereby causing male infertility which was responsible for hindrance in achieving pregnancy clinically. Using tight undergarment or working in hot atmosphere depresses spermatogenesis. Mumps orchitis permanently damage spermatogenesis. Bacterial or viral infection depresses the sperm count. Diabetes, malnutrition, heavy smoking reduces spermatogenesis. β-blocker, antihypertensive were likely to hinder spermatogenesis. The efferent ducts might be obstructed by infection like tubercular, gonococcal or by surgical trauma.
Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(1): 31-35