bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired Hemolytic Anemia with Polyagglutinability of Red Blood Cells Due to a New Factor Present in Normal Human Serum (Anti-Tn)
Authors: DAUSSET JEAN , MOULLEC JEAN , BERNARD JEAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of acquired hemolytic anemia of 12 years’ duration showing a permanent polyagglutinability for at least 9 years, is presented.
1. Polyagglutinability is due to the presence on the surface of the patient’s erythrocytes of an antigen unknown up to the present time, which is independent of antigens T and H and does not behave like a normal antigen modified by proteolytic enzymes. It has been designated by the letters Tn. The Tn substance is not secreted in saliva. This antigen has not been found on the erythrocytes of 25 members of the patient’s family.
2. The substance which induces agglutination (natural anti-Tn) was found to be present in the serum of 473 white adults and 33 adult Negroes. It was absent or weak in 28 sera from cord’s blood. It acts like a complete antibody, being active in saline at the temperature of laboratory and then inducing massive clumping of Tn red cells. Through absorption and elution studies and through sensitization in rabbits, we have been able to demonstrate that anti-T and anti-Tn are distinct.
3. There are in our patient’s serum: (a) a substance specifically active against Tn erythrocytes treated by trypsin; this may be an immune anti-Tn; (b) a nonspecific incomplete antibody weaker than the anti-Tn and active against all varieties of red cells treated by trypsin; (c) an incomplete anti-E; (d) a cold antiplatelet substance; and (e) an immune antileukocyte antibody.
These three last antibodies are very probably due to transfusions.
4. To explain the combination of an acquired hemolytic anemia and polyagglutinability, two hypotheses are presented: (a) The acquired hemolytic anemia has no relationship to the existence in the patient of a very rare group antigen, perhaps confined to one family. (b) The hemolytic anemia is directly related to the existence of the Tn antigen on our patient’s red cells and is due to the development of an immune anti-Tn antibody against the Tn antigen, this last antigen being either a group antigen or an antigen revealed or modified by the causal agent of the disease.
A New Property of Iso-Agglutinins of the ABO Blood Group System
Authors: JONES A. RICHARDSON , KANEB LORRAINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new agglutination phenomenon in the ABO group system is described. This phenomenon consists of the development of agglutinates by interaction between a single specifically sensitized cell and other unsensitized, nonantigenic cells. Aggregates of cells formed in this way are tentatively described as "anomalous mixed agglutinates."
Some of the properties of anomalous mixed agglutinates have been investigated, and the impact of these properties on the current theories of agglutination is briefly discussed.
Leukemia and Exposure to X-Ray: A Report of 6 Cases
Authors: MOLONEY WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Six cases of leukemia occurring in patients exposed to varying doses of x-ray are reported in this article.
2. The difficulties in evaluating the dosage of radiation is well illustrated in most of these cases.
3. Latent periods were variable and difficult to estimate accurately. It is pointed out that the latent periods in radiation-induced leukemia usually are from three to 10 years in length.
4. All cases in this group were acute leukemias; in four the onset simulated aplastic anemia and diagnosis was verified only after bone marrow aspiration or biopsy.
5. The difficulties in establishing criteria for the diagnosis of radiation-induced leukemia in the present inadequate state of our knowledge are pointed out. In all cases of leukemia attributed to ionizing irradiation it is urgently necessary to publish all information in as complete detail as possible.
Review of Methods for Studying Maturation of Human Erythroblasts in Vitro: Evaluation of a New Method of Culture of Cell Suspensions in a Clot-Free Medium
Authors: BERMAN LAWRENCE , POWSNER EDWARD R. , Davis Mary L. , Fly Marie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Characteristics of various tissue and cell culture methods for studying maturation of human erythroblasts were reviewed and the basic assumptions required in their use were examined.
The relationship of maturation and proliferation of erythroblasts in different types of cultures was considered.
Criteria for selection of an in vitro model for studying maturation were established. A new clot-free culture system in roller tubes was found to be superior to those previously described because of convenience, replicability and adaptability to studies of proliferation.
The results of challenging the new culture system with various types of cell-plasma relationships indicated that it was effective in distinguishing among erythroblasts and plasmas of iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, azotemia and erythrocytosis, and that the deductions arrived at were similar to those derived from the use of less convenient in vitro systems in which different parameters of maturation were used.
Experience with the new method suggests that it may be useful in the study of humoral factors affecting maturation of human erythroblasts.
The chief limitation of the proposed method, as for other in vitro methods, is that only direct effects of humoral agents on erythroblasts can be studied.
Use of the Plasma Thrombin Time to Assess the Adequacy of in Vivo Neutralization of Heparin: Comparative Studies Following Operations Employing Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: PEDEN JAMES C. , MCFARLAND JAMES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The dosage of protamine necessary for the postoperative neutralization of heparin, used as anticoagulant during extracorporeal circulation, was studied in 25 patients by means of both the protamine titration test and the plasma thrombin time.
2. The plasma thrombin time was found to be far more sensitive in the detection of small quantities of residual heparin than was the protamine titration test, which failed to demonstrate significant quantities of circulating heparin.
3. Adequate neutralization of circulating heparin was achieved when an initial postoperative protamine dose of 1.5 times the calculated residual heparin was given and followed by additional protamine when indicated by the result of the plasma thrombin time.
4. No toxic effects of protamine were noted on such a dosage schedule.
Congenital Deficiency of Proconvertin: A Clinical and Laboratory Report
Authors: MILLER SHERWOOD P. , Patch Mary Jane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of congenital deficiency of proconvertin in a Hopi Indian boy is reported. This is the eleventh case of "pure" proconvertin deficiency and the second reported in the American literature.
2. Laboratory studies revealed normal intrinsic blood coagulation but markedly abnormal tests when coagulation was studied in the presence of tissue extracts.
3. An accompanying mild deficiency of prothrombin was suggested by the results of some tests.
4. The concept that the role of proconvertin in hemostasis is primarily as a co-thromboplastin is supported by the clinical and laboratory studies carried out on this patient. The differentiation of this disorder from other cases with deficiencies of "serum" factors is discussed, and the previously reported cases are reviewed.
Brief Note: The Free Amino Acid Changes in Plasma Following Coagulation and Plasminogen Activation
Authors: COHEN SAUL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arginine and lysine are liberated in human blood plasma after plasma plasminogen activation to the protease plasmin as well as after plasma recalcification and subsequent coagulation. Furthermore, digestion of fibrinogen by plasmin results in progressive release of these same amino acids.
Albinism Associated with Hemorrhagic Diathesis and Unusual Pigmented Reticular Cells in the Bone Marrow: Report of Two Cases with Histochemical Studies
Authors: HERMANSKY F. , PUDLAK P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A description is given of two unrelated albinos with hemorrhagic diathesis and peculiar, pigmented reticular cells in the bone marrow.
2. On examining hemostasis, the only consistent abnormal laboratory finding was a prolonged bleeding time, so that the hemorrhagic disorder fell into the group of so-called pseudohemophilias.
3. Unusual reticuloendothelial cells in the bone marrow were packed with blackish or greenish blue granules or particles. According to the histochemical study, the substance in the cytoplasm was probably of a lipid nature. These cells could not be identified with similar cells of this kind which have so far been described.
4. The combination of the above described congenital abnormalities (albinism, pseudohemophilia and unusual pigmented macrophages in the bone marrow) in two unrelated patients suggests that a common syndrome is present.
Anemia Following Nerve Resection
Authors: HOLLAN S. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Unilateral sciatic and femoral nerve resection is followed by a marked and lasting fall in the red cell count and hemoglobin value in the albino rat.
2. There are different types in the course of the anemia.
3. A definite parallelism has been observed between the course and severity of anemia and of trophic disturbances developing in the limb almost deprived of its nerve supply.
4. The resection of different peripheral nerves equally results in anemia in the albino rat. The grade of anemia depends on the size of the area supplied by the resected nerve.
5. It is essential in the development of nerve resection anemia that the area with impaired nerve supply and trophic disturbances remain in the organism. Humoral or neurohumoral effects emitted from this area with impaired metabolism are the factors eliciting the anemia observed.
6. Anemia following nerve resection is not due to a change in the distribution of blood cells, nor is it a sequel to loss of blood.
7. Secondary infections, or manifestations of some latent infection (first of all, bartonellosis) are not involved in the development of nerve resection anemia.
8. Chronic tissue destruction induced in areas with intact innervation causes no anemia.
9. Anemia following nerve resection is not due to a deficiency in nutrition.
10. Nerve resections are followed by changes in the entire blood cell system, especially in the formation, maturation and destruction of erythrocytes.
11. Hematologic studies carried out after nerve resections indicate an increased reticuloendothelial activity and the impairment of iron and nucleic acid metabolism.
A Study of Skin Homografting in Patients with Lymphomas
Authors: GREEN IRA , CORSO PHILIP F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Skin homografts were performed on seven patients with lymphomas, three patients with miscellaneous conditions affecting their RE system and four control patients.
The ability to reject skin homograft was impaired in most of the patients with lymphomas, in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma who had received extensive treatment, and in a patient with multiple myeloma. The presence of normal amounts of gamma globulin and normal response to typhoid antigen did not necessarily indicate a normal response to skin homografts. If marrow homotransplants or other organ homotransplants become a form of therapy in patients with lymphomas, the result of skin grafts from the same donor may be of interest. Our study supports the previous impressions of the immunologic handicaps in patients with lymphomas.
Visual Impairment due to Optic Neuropathy in Pernicious Anemia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: HAMILTON HENRY E. , ELLIS PHILIP P. , SHEETS RAYMOND F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A man with optic nerve involvement and pernicious anemia regained normal vision after treatment with vitamin B12.
2. In a search of the literature we found 28 cases with both pernicious anemia and optic neuropathy. The hematologic, neurologic and ophthalmologic findings were analyzed in these cases. In each case, the diagnosis of pernicious anemia was established. Optic atrophy associated with pernicious anemia may be part of the pathologic process of pernicious anemia. If the patient is treated early with vitamin B12 or liver extract, optic nerve function returns.
Sixteen other cases with optic atrophy and possible pernicious anemia in the literature had inadequate information to substantiate the diagnosis.
3. The use of a cobalt60-labelled vitamin B12 absorption test may be helpful in optic nerve disorders of obscure etiology.
A Comparison of Human Leukocyte Phosphatase Activity toward Sodium β-Glycerophosphate, Adenosine 5'-Phosphate and Glucose 1-Phosphate
Authors: FOLLETTE JAMES H. , VALENTINE WILLIAM N. , REYNOLDS JOHN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ability of human leukocyte enzymes to hydrolyze phosphorus is compared in terms of the conventional substrate sodium β-glycerophosphate and the metabolically important phosphate esters, adenosine 5'-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate. At pH 9.9, there is marked and comparable variation in phosphatase activity toward all three substrates, this being low in chronic myelocytic leukemia and high in the presence of infection and certain "stressful" states. Moreover, substrate mixture experiments show no increased hydrolysis of phosphorus when two substrates are present in the incubation mixture. Increased phosphatase activity toward both glucose 1-phosphate and sodium β-glycerophosphate resulted when corticosteroids were administered in large doses for 72 hours. The data, while not providing absolute proof, are compatible with the hydrolysis of phosphorus at pH 9.9, being due in the case of all three substrates to the activity of the same phosphomonoesterase or group of phosphomonesterases. At pH 5.5, phosphatase activity toward both sodium β-glycerophosphate and adenosine 5'-phosphate was likewise demonstrated, but, in leukocytes, the pH of maximal activity varies from subject to subject and is dependent to a large extent on the amount of the highly variable "alkaline phosphatase" activity present in any given cell population at the time of analysis.
Autologous Bone Marrow Infusion as an Adjunct in Therapy of Malignant Disease
Authors: MCFARLAND WILLIAM , GRANVILLE NORMA B. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Three patients with lymphosarcomatosis and two with disseminated Hodgkin’s disease were treated with massive doses (super-dosage) of nitrogen mustard (over 1.0 mg./Kg.) given intravenously, followed by the intravenous infusion of autologous bone marrow.
2. Two of the five patients succumbed to infection. The remaining three patients recovered within one month and experienced brief remissions.
3. It is suggested that this form of therapy merits further trial. Thus, it may be considered for use earlier in the course of the disease when there is a smaller total amount of tumor tissue, and thus a greater possibility for its complete eradication. Its use in other neoplastic disorders, as following operative procedures disclosing malignancy, is suggested.
Experimental Production of "Grape Cells" and Their Relation to the Serum Gamma Globulin and Seromucoids
Authors: ZLOTNICK AVINOAM , GERICHTER CHAIM B. , NIR ISAAC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hypenimmunization in rabbits with three different antigens produced an elevation of the serum gamma globulin, a plasma cell proliferation and an increase of the seromucoid content of the serum.
Grape cells and intracellular crystals were found in hyperimmune animals, but not in controls. The globules of the grape cells stained positive with periodic acid Schiff and with osmium tetroxide dissolved in a non-polar solution, indicating the presence of a mucopolysaccharide.
It is suggested that there is a relationship between the process of immunization—producing hyperglobulinemia, plasma cell hyperplasia and an elevation of the serum seromucoid content—and the presence of grape cells.
Studies on Erythropoiesis. XIV. The Relationship of Humoral Stimulation to Iron Absorption
Authors: KRANTZ SANFORD , GOLDWASSER EUGENE , JACOBSON LEON O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new method for the study of gastrointestinal absorption of iron in mice has been described. Phlebotomy, intravenous hemolysis, hypoxia and cobaltous ion increase iron absorption. Transfusion-induced polycythemia depresses iron absorption in mice. Iron-loading by means of Imferon also depresses iron absorption. Under the conditions described for these experiments, exogenous plasma erythropoietin has no direct effect on iron absorption.
Studies of the Production and Life Span of Erythrocytes in Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: NATHAN DAVID G. , BERLIN NATHANIEL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Four patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and one patient with polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia were studied with Fe59, Cr51 and glycine-2-C14.
2. Three of the patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia had active splenic, hepatic or renal erythropoiesis. One had deficient erythropoiesis.
3. The red cell life span was short in all of the patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, definite splenic sequestration occurring in two patients. The red cell life span was normal in the patient with polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia.
4. The possible indications for splenectomy were discussed.
The Macrocytosis of Hepatic Disease. I. Thin Macrocytosis
Authors: BINGHAM JOHN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A macrocytic blood picture was present in 62 per cent of 222 patients with various types of hepatic disease.
Three different types of macrocytes were present in the blood films: a thin macrocyte, a target macrocyte and a thick macrocyte. Just as leukocytosis might be described as neutrophilic, basophilic or eosinophilic according to the predominate leukocyte present, so macrocytosis has been defined according to the predominate macrocyte present: thin macrocytosis, target macrocytosis and thick macrocytosis. This report deals with the first type, thin macrocytosis.
1. Thin macrocytosis is, by definition, the type of macrocytosis in which all the macrocytes are thin macrocytes. It is the commonest type of macrocytosis (59 per cent of all types of macrocytosis).
2. The thin macrocyte is a flattened erythrocyte. It has the same volume as the normal erythrocyte but is broader and thinner. As the diameter of the cell increases its thickness decreases.
3. Thin macrocytosis is caused by an alteration in erythropoiesis in the bone marrow and not by a flattening or swelling of normal erythrocytes in the peripheral circulation, as suggested by various workers, because:
(a) Normal size erythrocytes transfused into the circulation of patients with thin macrocytosis do not become macrocytic.
(b) Anisocytosis is increased.
(c) The nucleated red cells in the marrow are macrocytic.
4.The thin macrocyte is produced by a macronormoblastic (or rarely atypical megaloblastic) type of maturation in the bone marrow.
5. This altered erythrocyte maturation which gives rise to thin macrocytosis is a specific response to nonspecific hepatic parenchymal cell damage. It occurs in a significant percentage of patients suffering from all types of parenchymal and obstructive hepatic disease. It does not occur in patients with simple fatty liver or obstructive jaundice of short duration where hepatic cells are not damaged. A deficiency of any known hematopoietic factor plays no part in the etiology of this disorder.
Homografts of Bone Marrow in Dogs After Lethal Total-Body Radiation
Authors: THOMAS E. DONNALL , ASHLEY CHARLES A. , LOCHTE HARRY L. , JARETZKI ALFRED , SAHLER OTTO D. , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twenty-two dogs (20 males and two females) were uniformly exposed over their entire surfaces to supralethal irradiation: 800 to 1,200 roentgens of 250 kv. x-rays measured in air at mid-body position. On the third day and after the last exposure, these irradiated animals were given infusions of normal bone marrow. The marrow for their infusions was taken from female litter-mates, from mothers or from unrelated dogs. Evidence for a return of marrow function and for a successful marrow graft was evaluated on the basis of: (1) the reappearance of formed elements: platelets, leukocytes, and reticulocytes, in the peripheral circulation; (2) the appearance in males of leukocytes bearing the sex-chromatin marker of the female donor; (3) prolonged survival, as compared to six irradiated control animals that were not given marrow; and (4) cellularity of marrow spaces and histologic evidence of marrow function at autopsy.
It was found that marrow transplants usually succeeded after 800 to 1,200 roentgens of total-body irradiation when the infused marrow was taken from litter-mate sisters or from mothers (15 successes in 17 attempts). Marrow transplants between unrelated animals appeared more difficult but were not impossible. One success was obtained in five attempts, and this success was achieved with the coincidental use of splenectomy, ACTH and a large dose of marrow.
Dogs with successful transplants lived longer than did control animals; in this series two to 10 times as long. When they died, they died of common canine infectious diseases and not of marrow failure. Distemper, hepatitis and leptospirosis, with or without superimposed bacterial respiratory disease, were the common causes of death.
The lymph nodes and the splenic follicles of irradiated animals had, in most instances, not regained normal histologic appearance at the time of death from these infectious diseases. The working hypothesis is advanced that infusions of marrow repopulate marrow spaces in the canine after irradiation but are poor sources of the type of cell needed to restore lymphoid function and immunologic effectiveness in lymph nodes and spleen.
The Incidence of Leukemia in Families of Patients with Hypoplasia of the Marrow
Authors: GARRIGA SERGIO , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The authors have reviewed the published cases of Fanconi’s syndrome of hypoplasia of the bone marrow. They have tabulated the features of the syndrome, pointing out that atrophy of the spleen is a common fault and may reflect a generalized dystrophy of the tissues of mesenchymal origin.
Of special interest is the demonstration of a high incidence of leukemia in the families of patients with hereditary hypoplasia of the bone marrow.
Lymph Node Reactivity. III. Lymphomas and Allied Diseases
Authors: BLACK MAURICE M. , SPEER FRANCIS D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study was made of the ammoniacal silver staining of the cells of Hodgkin’s disease, lymphosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, acute leukemia and chronic leukemia as seen in routine 5 µ. paraffin sections. With the exception of chronic lymphatic leukemia, the cells of lymphomas and allied diseases exhibited minimal staining. These data were compared with the ammoniacal silver staining of normal lymph nodes and the enhanced staining of nonneoplastic proliferations in developing and reactive lymph nodes.