bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling laws explain foraminiferal pore patterns
Authors: Richirt Julien , Champmartin Stéphane , Schweizer Magali , Mouret Aurélia , Petersen Jassin , Ambari Abdelhak , Jorissen Frans J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to climate warming and increased anthropogenic impact, a decrease of ocean water oxygenation is expected in the near future, with major consequences for marine life. In this context, it is essential to develop reliable tools to assess past oxygen concentrations in the ocean, to better forecast these future changes. Recently, foraminiferal pore patterns have been proposed as a bottom water oxygenation proxy, but the parameters controlling foraminiferal pore patterns are still largely unknown. Here we use scaling laws to describe how both gas exchanges (metabolic needs) and mechanical constraints (shell robustness) control foraminiferal pore patterns. The derived mathematical model shows that only specific combinations of pore density and size are physically feasible. Maximum porosity, of about 30%, can only be obtained by simultaneously increasing pore size and decreasing pore density. A large empirical data set of pore data obtained for three pseudocryptic phylotypes ofAmmonia, a common intertidal genus from the eastern Atlantic, strongly supports this conclusion. These new findings provide basic mechanistic understanding of the complex controls of foraminiferal pore patterns and give a solid starting point for the development of proxies of past oxygen concentrations based on these morphological features. Pore size and pore density are largely interdependent, and both have to be considered when describing pore patterns.
Accomplishing a N-E-W (nutrient-energy-water) synergy in a bioelectrochemical nitritation-anammox process
Authors: Ghimire Umesh , Gude Veera Gnaneswar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study reports an investigation of the concept, application and performance of a novel bioelectrochemical nitritation-anammox microbial desalination cell (MDC) for resource-efficient wastewater treatment and desalination. Two configurations of anammox MDCs (anaerobic-anammox cathode MDC (AnAmoxMDC) and nitration-anammox cathode MDC (NiAmoxMDC)) were compared with an air cathode MDC (CMDC), operated in fed-batch mode. Results from this study showed that the maximum power density produced by NiAmoxMDC (1,007 mW/m3) was higher than that of AnAmoxMDC (444 mW/m3) and CMDC (952 mW/m3). More than 92% of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal was achieved in NiAmoxMDC, significantly higher than AnAmoxMDC (84%) and CMDC (77%). The NiAmoxMDC performed better than CMDC and AnAmoxMDC in terms of power density, COD removal and salt removal in desalination chamber. In addition, cyclic voltammetry analysis of anammox cathode showed a redox peak centered at −140 mV Vs Ag/AgCl confirming the catalytic activity of anammox bacteria towards the electron transfer process. Further, net energy balance of the NiAmoxMDC was the highest (NiAmoxMDC-0.022 kWh/m3>CMDC-0.019 kWh/m3>AnAmoxMDC-0.021 kWh/m3) among the three configurations. This study demonstrated, for the first time, a N-E-W synergy for resource-efficient wastewater treatment using nitritation-anammox process.
Robust closed-loop control of spike-and-wave discharges in a thalamocortical computational model of absence epilepsy
Authors: Ge Yafang , Cao Yuzhen , Yi Guosheng , Han Chunxiao , Qin Yingmei , Wang Jiang , Che Yanqiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the abatement of spike-and-wave discharges in a thalamocortical model using a closed-loop brain stimulation method. We first explore the complex states and various transitions in the thalamocortical computational model of absence epilepsy by using bifurcation analysis. We demonstrate that the Hopf and double cycle bifurcations are the key dynamical mechanisms of the experimental observed bidirectional communications during absence seizures through top-down cortical excitation and thalamic feedforward inhibition. Then, we formulate the abatement of epileptic seizures to a closed-loop tracking control problem. Finally, we propose a neural network based sliding mode feedback control system to drive the dynamics of pathological cortical area to track the desired normal background activities. The control system is robust to uncertainties and disturbances, and its stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theorem. Our results suggest that the seizure abatement can be modeled as a tracking control problem and solved by a robust closed-loop control method, which provides a promising brain stimulation strategy.
eDNA-based monitoring of parasitic plant (Sapria himalayana)
Authors: Osathanunkul Maslin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSapria himalayana Griffith., is a root parasitic plant that is exceptionally beautiful and odd-looking and found in Southeast Asia. Now these plants are at risk of extinction as they face a large number of different threats. Appropriate measures and conservation plans are needed and one crucial key for successful conservation is species monitoring. The flower is the only part of S. himalayana that is visible during a short period of time of the year. Thus, conducting a visual survey in the field at the other times of the year would be difficult. DNA from living organisms could be found accumulating in environment and so-called environmental DNA (eDNA). Here, an eDNA-based method was developed to specifically monitor S. himalayana in nature. Detecting the specifically generated amplicons allowed us to monitor the presence of S. himalayana at any time of the year. This developed method would increase the conservation success of the S. himalayana.
Loss of putzig in the germline impedes germ cell development by inducing cell death and new niche like microenvironments
Authors: Kober Ludmilla , Zimmermann Mirjam , Kurz Michaela , Bayer Melanie , Nagel Anja C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGermline stem cell development and differentiation is tightly controlled by the surrounding somatic cells of the stem cell niche. In Drosophila females, cells of the niche emit various signals including Dpp and Wg to balance stem cell renewal and differentiation. Here, we show that the gene pzg is autonomously required in cells of the germline to sustain the interplay between niche and stem cells. Loss of pzg impairs stem cell differentiation and provokes the death of cells in the germarium. As a consequence of pzg loss, increased growth signalling activity predominantly of Dpp and Wg/Wnt, was observed, eventually disrupting the balance of germ cell self-renewal and differentiation. Whereas in the soma, apoptosis-induced compensatory growth is well established, the induction of self-renewal signals during oogenesis cannot compensate for dying germ cells, albeit inducing a new niche-like microenvironment. Instead, they impair the further development of germ cells and cause in addition a forward and feedback loop of cell death.
Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect is Mediated by Mitochondrial DNA in Exosome-Like Vesicles
Authors: Ariyoshi Kentaro , Miura Tomisato , Kasai Kosuke , Fujishima Yohei , Nakata Akifumi , Yoshida Mitsuaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExosome-like vesicles (ELV) are involved in mediating radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Here, we used ELV from control cell conditioned medium (CCCM) and from 4 Gy of X-ray irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM), which has been used to culture normal human fibroblast cells to examine the possibility of ELV mediating RIBE signals. We investigated whether ELV from 4 Gy irradiated mouse serum mediate RIBE signals. Induction of DNA damage was observed in cells that were treated with ICCM ELV and ELV from 4 Gy irradiated mouse serum. In addition, we treated CCCM ELV and ICCM ELV with RNases, DNases, and proteinases to determine which component of ELV is responsible for RIBE. Induction of DNA damage by ICCM ELV was not observed after treatment with DNases. After treatment, DNA damages were not induced in CCCM ELV or ICCM ELV from mitochondria depleted (ρ0) normal human fibroblast cells. Further, we found significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in ICCM ELV and ELV from 4 Gy irradiated mouse serum. ELV carrying amplified mtDNA (ND1, ND5) induced DNA damage in treated cells. These data suggest that the secretion of mtDNA through exosomes is involved in mediating RIBE signals.
The Specificity of EGF-Stimulated IQGAP1 Scaffold Towards the PI3K-Akt Pathway is Defined by the IQ3 motif
Authors: Chen Mo , Choi Suyong , Jung Oisun , Wen Tianmu , Baum Christina , Thapa Narendra , Lambert Paul F. , Rapraeger Alan C. , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are commonly deregulated in cancer. Recently, we have shown that the IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) provides a molecular platform to scaffold all the components of the PI3K-Akt pathway and results in the sequential generation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI3,4,5P3). In addition to the PI3K-Akt pathway, IQGAP1 also scaffolds the Ras-ERK pathway. To define the specificity of IQGAP1 for the control of PI3K signaling, we have focused on the IQ3 motif in IQGAP1 as PIPKIα and PI3K enzymes bind this region. An IQ3 deletion mutant loses interactions with the PI3K-Akt components but retains binding to ERK and EGFR. Consistently, blocking the IQ3 motif of IQGAP1 using an IQ3 motif-derived peptide mirrors the effect of IQ3 deletion mutant by reducing Akt activation but has no impact on ERK activation. Also, the peptide disrupts the binding of IQGAP1 with PI3K-Akt pathway components, while IQGAP1 interactions with ERK and EGFR are not affected. Functionally, deleting or blocking the IQ3 motif inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in a non-additive manner to a PIPKIα inhibitor, establishing the functional specificity of IQ3 motif towards the PI3K-Akt pathway. Taken together, the IQ3 motif is a specific target for suppressing activation of the PI3K-Akt but not the Ras-ERK pathway. Although EGFR stimulates the IQGAP1-PI3K and -ERK pathways, here we show that IQGAP1-PI3K controls migration, invasion, and proliferation independent of ERK. These data illustrate that the IQ3 region of IQGAP1 is a promising therapeutic target for PI3K-driven cancer.
High level of soluble human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G at beginning of pregnancy as predictor of risk of malaria during infancy
Authors: d’Almeida Tania C. , Sadissou Ibrahim , Sagbohan Mermoz , Milet Jacqueline , Avokpaho Euripide , Gineau Laure , Sabbagh Audrey , Moutairou Kabirou , Donadi Eduardo A. , Favier Benoit , Pennetier Cédric , Baldet Thierry , Moiroux Nicolas , Carosella Edgardo , Moreau Philippe , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , Cottrell Gilles , Courtin David , Garcia André 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlacental malaria has been associated with an immune tolerance phenomenon and a higher susceptibility to malaria infection during infancy. HLA-G is involved in fetal maternal immune tolerance by inhibiting maternal immunity. During infections HLA-G can be involved in immune escape of pathogens by creating a tolerogenic environment. Recent studies have shown an association between the risk of malaria and HLA-G at both genetic and protein levels. Moreover, women with placental malaria have a higher probability of giving birth to children exhibiting high sHLA-G, independently of their own level during pregnancy. Our aim was to explore the association between the level of maternal soluble HLA-G and the risk of malaria infection in their newborns. Here, 400 pregnant women and their children were actively followed-up during 24 months. The results show a significant association between the level of sHLA-G at the first antenatal visit and the time to first malaria infection during infancy adjusted to the risk of exposure to vector bites (aHR = 1.02, 95%CI [1.01–1.03], p = 0.014). The level of sHLA-G is a significant predictor of the occurrence of malaria infection during infancy consistent with the hypothesis that mother sHLA-G could be a biomarker of malaria susceptibility in children.
Neutrophil GM-CSF signaling in inflammatory bowel disease patients is influenced by non-coding genetic variants
Authors: Venkateswaran Suresh , Denson Lee A. , Jurickova Ingrid , Dodd Anne , Zwick Michael E. , Cutler David J. , Kugathasan Subra , Okou David T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeutrophil dysfunction and GM-CSF auto-antibodies are observed in pediatric and adult patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We associated damaging coding variants with low GM-CSF induced STAT5 stimulation index (GMSI) in pediatric CD patients and implicated variation of neutrophil GM-CSF signaling in cell function and disease complications. Because many CD patients with low GMSI do not carry damaging coding mutations, we sought to test the hypothesis that non-coding variants contribute to this phenotype. We enrolled, performed whole genome sequencing, and measured the GMSI in 77 CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (24 low and 53 normal GMSI). We identified 4 non-coding variants (rs3808851, rs10974787, rs10974788 and rs10974789) in RCL1 significantly associated with variation of GMSI level (p < 0.011). They were validated in two independent cohorts with: RNAseq data (n = 50) and blood eQTL dataset (n = 31,684). These variants are in LD and affect expression of JAK2 (p 0.005 to 0.013), RCL1 (p 8.17E-13 to 2.98E-11) and AK3 (p 2.00E-68 to 3.03E-55) genes. Additionally, they influence proteins involved in differentiation of gut epithelium, inflammation, and immune system regulation. In summary, our study outlines the contribution of non-coding variants in neutrophil GM-CSF signaling and the potential importance of RCL1 and AK3 in CD pathogenesis.
Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes impairs neurological recovery after stroke in correlation with decreased neurogenesis and persistent atrophy of parvalbumin-positive interneurons
Authors: Pintana Hiranya , Lietzau Grazyna , Augestad Ingrid Lovise , Chiazza Fausto , Nyström Thomas , Patrone Cesare , Darsalia Vladimer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) hampers stroke recovery though largely undetermined mechanisms. Few preclinical studies have investigated the effect of genetic/toxin-induced diabetes on long-term stroke recovery. However, the effects of obesity-induced T2D are mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate whether obesity-induced T2D worsens long-term stroke recovery through the impairment of brain’s self-repair mechanisms – stroke-induced neurogenesis and parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons-mediated neuroplasticity. To mimic obesity-induced T2D in the middle-age, C57bl/6j mice were fed 12 months with high-fat diet (HFD) and subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We evaluated neurological recovery by upper-limb grip strength at 1 and 6 weeks after tMCAO. Gray and white matter damage, stroke-induced neurogenesis, and survival and potential atrophy of PV-interneurons were quantitated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) at 2 and 6 weeks after tMCAO. Obesity/T2D impaired neurological function without exacerbating brain damage. Moreover, obesity/T2D diminished stroke-induced neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuroblast formation in striatum and hippocampus at 2 weeks after tMCAO and abolished stroke-induced neurogenesis in hippocampus at 6 weeks. Finally, stroke resulted in the atrophy of surviving PV-interneurons 2 weeks after stroke in both non-diabetic and obese/T2D mice. However, after 6 weeks, this effect selectively persisted in obese/T2D mice. We show in a preclinical setting of clinical relevance that obesity/T2D impairs neurological functions in the stroke recovery phase in correlation with reduced neurogenesis and persistent atrophy of PV-interneurons, suggesting impaired neuroplasticity. These findings shed light on the mechanisms behind impaired stroke recovery in T2D and could facilitate the development of new stroke rehabilitative strategies for obese/T2D patients.
Terahertz wireless communications using resonant tunnelling diodes with radio‐over‐fibre
Authors: Webber J. , Nishigami N. , Kim J.‐Y. , Fujita M. , Nagatsuma T. 
Published: June 2019

The authors examine a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD)‐based wireless transceiver system in conjunction with radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) and identify the performance limiting factors. Ultra high‐definition television 4K‐video over 1 km fibre and 15 cm wireless is demonstrated. In addition error‐free data transmission up to 11 Gbit/s over 1 km fibre and 10 cm wireless is also presented. Eye‐diagram and jitter results for laboratory RoF equipment show the performance is not degraded with respect to an RTD‐only system, and that RoF‐RTD is considered promising and complementary technologies.
In-vitro-Untersuchungen zur Hemmung der Angiogenese und der Tumorzellmigration durch einen wässrigen Extrakt aus Viscum album ssp. album, Mali
Authors: Felenda Jennifer E. , Gruber Kim , Turek Claudia , Stintzing Florian C. 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel Mistelpräparate, insbesondere aus der Apfelbaummistel (Viscum album ssp. album, Mali), werden häufig von Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen als komplementäre Therapiemaßnahme nach Resektion, Chemo- oder Radiotherapien angewendet. In klinischen Studien wurde bereits der Nutzen von Mistelpräparaten nachgewiesen. Da die dahinter liegenden Wirkmechanismen bisher nicht vollständig aufgeklärt sind, sollten die potenziell antitumoralen Effekte eingehender untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden Es wurden In-vitro-Untersuchungen zu den Effekten eines wässrigen Extrakts aus Viscum album ssp. album, Mali (Iscucin® Mali) auf die Zellviabilität, auf verschiedene Phasen der Angiogenese (Zellproliferation und Kapillarausbildung) sowie auf die Zellmigration humaner Tumorzellen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Zwei verschiedene Assays gaben Hinweise auf antiproliferative Effekte mit einer halbmaximalen Hemmung bei Konzentrationen<100 µg/ml. Es zeigten sich außerdem hemmende Effekte auf die Kapillarausbildung. Die Migrationsfähigkeit verschiedener Tumorzelllinien wurde durch Iscucin® Mali mit unterschiedlicher Effektivität gehemmt, vergleichbar mit der Referenzsubstanz Bosutinib bei den Zelllinien LN229, SK-N-SH, DLD-1, HeLa und etwas besser bei Caki-2.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Ein Panel aus verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden zeigte in Abhängigkeit von der Zelllinie antitumorale Effekte von Iscucin® Mali, vor allem im Bereich der Kapillarausbildung und der Zellmigration. Dies lässt vermuten, dass sowohl das Tumorwachstum als auch die Metastasierung verzögert werden können. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Relevanz der gewonnenen Daten im klinischen Bereich zu untermauern.
Die Pankreastransplantation
Authors: Niess Isabell , Wunsch Andreas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Pankreastransplantation zählt zu den etablierten Therapiemöglichkeiten bei
bestehendem Diabetes mellitus. Eine Transplantation wird in erster Linie bei
niereninsuffizienten Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus vom Typ I angestrebt. Das
Pankreas wird deshalb in den meisten Fällen in Kombination mit einer Niere
transplantiert. Eine erfolgreiche Transplantation führt zur fast vollständigen
Regulierung des Glukosestoffwechsels und trägt somit zu einer erheblichen
Verbesserung der Lebensqualität sowie einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeiten
bei.
Barriers to cancer rehabilitation: healthcare professionals’ perspective in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlJohi Amani A. , AlKathiri Fatimah M. , Ajaj Kawthar F. , Buragadda Syamala , Madi Sanaa M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Cancer has a major impact on societies across the world and there is a significant rise in the global cancer burden. Due to advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors is increasing. However, they face physical and cognitive challenges, which may affect their quality of life. The study aims to identify current clinical practice patterns and barriers to cancer rehabilitation from the perspective of Saudi healthcare professionals.
Method All healthcare professionals providing care for cancer patients at King Fahad Medical City were invited to participate. Two semi-structured focus groups and 9 interviews were conducted. Participants were physicians and allied health professionals. The researcher led the discussions and recorded comments, facial expressions, and other non-verbal communication nuances. Content analysis was performed to identify and summarize themes.
Results Four key themes related to barriers in cancer rehabilitation are identified: healthcare providers’ competencies and knowledge, communication barriers, limited rehabilitation services for cancer patients, and patient- and family-related barriers.
Conclusion The study identifies current clinical practice patterns and various barriers to cancer rehabilitation from Saudi health care professionals’ perspective. The findings may help policy makers and stake holders to design effective rehabilitation guidelines for cancer rehabilitation.
Alternative Knochenanalyse bei Neugeborenen – Quantitativer Ultraschall des peripheren Skeletts
Authors: Basemann Elena , Dawczynski Kristin , Proquitté Hans , Hübler Axel , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bestimmung des quantitativen Ultraschallparameters Schallgeschwindigkeit (Speed of Sound, SOS) bei Neugeborenen zur Erhebung von Referenzdaten und Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren.
Material und Methoden 219 Neu- und 14 Frühgeborene (28. – 41. Schwangerschaftswoche) mit Geburtsgewicht zwischen 590 und 4930 g wurden in den ersten Lebenstagen mit Sunlight Omnisense 7000 P untersucht. Referenzdaten für SOS wurden bei 178 eutrophen Neugeborenen an der Tibia erhoben.
Ergebnisse SOS-Referenzwerte an der Tibia liegen bei 3028±92 m/s<40. SSW und 3057±96 m/s ≥ 40. SSW. Zwischen SOS und Gestationsalter besteht eine signifikante Korrelation, männliche Neugeborene weisen signifikant höhere SOS auf. Bei Geburtsgewicht<3800 g besteht eine Korrelation zwischen SOS und Gewicht (p<0,05). Frühgeborene haben signifikant niedrigere SOS als eutrophe Neugeborene (p<0,05).
Schlussfolgerungen Der Ultraschallparameter SOS kann bei Früh- und Neugeborenen suffizient an der Tibia ermittelt werden. Die erhobenen Referenzdaten von kaukasischen Neugeborenen sind geeignet, um eine Frühgeborenen-Osteopenie zu identifizieren.
Compound Heterozygosity (554-589 del, C515-T Transition) in the Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα Gene in a Patient with a Severe Bleeding Tendency
Authors: Margaglione Maurizio , D’Andrea Giovanna , Grandone Elvira , Brancaccio Vincenzo , Amoriello Aldo , Di Minno Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGiant platelets in the blood smear, absent in vitro platelet agglutination in response to ristocetin, and normal aggregation, ATP secretion and thromboxane B2 formation were found in a young patient with a life-long bleeding tendency. Ristocetin-induced von Willebrand factor binding to her platelets was less than 10% of normal. Flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibodies LJ-Ib-1, LJ-Ib-10, and LJ-P3 was consistent with the latter finding. SDS-PAGE analysis of solubilized platelets showed a marked reduction of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα. Genetic characterisation demonstrated that the patient and her father were heterozygous for a deletion of 36 nucleotides (positions 554-589) leading to a mutant GPIbμ (deletion of aminoacids from residue 169 to 180 and a Glu → Lys substitution at residue 181). In addition, a C → T transition at nucleotide 515 in the other allele of the GPIbα gene was found in the patient and in her mother that results in the substitution of alanine for valine in codon 156 (Bernard-Soulier type Bolzano). These variations occurred within the VI and VII leucine-rich repeats. The novel variant of Bernard-Soulier syndrome identified further suggests that the integrity of leucine-rich repeats is important for normal function of the GP Ib-IX-V receptor complex.