bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Oxygen Consumption in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Waters—A Stable Carbon Isotope Perspective
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Hu Xinping , Rabalais Nancy N. , Brandes Jay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe examined the stable carbon isotopic composition of remineralized organic carbon (δ13COCx) in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) using incubations (sediment and water) and a three‐end‐member mixing model. δ13COCx in incubating sediments was −18.1‰ ± 1.3‰, and δ13COCx in incubating near‐surface and near‐bottom waters varied with salinity, ranging from −30.4‰ to −16.2‰ from brackish water to full‐strength Gulf water. The average δ13COCx was −18.6‰ ± 1.8‰ at salinity >23. A three‐end‐member mixing model based on a multiyear data set collected in previous summer hypoxia cruises (2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2016) suggested that δ13COCx in near‐bottom waters across the nGoM (5–50 m) was −18.1‰ ± 0.6‰. The close agreement of δ13COCx obtained from the three independent approaches, that is, incubations of water column, surface sediments, and mixing model, suggests that 13C‐enriched organic matter of marine origin played the dominant role in near‐bottom water and benthic oxygen consumption in the nGoM shelf in summer.
Fluids Along the Plate Interface Influencing the Frictional Regime of the Chilean Subduction Zone, Northern Chile
Authors: Pasten‐Araya F. , Salazar P. , Ruiz S. , Rivera E. , Potin B. , Maksymowicz A. , Torres E. , Villarroel J. , Cruz E. , Valenzuela J. , Jaldín D. , González G. , Bloch W. , Wigger P. , Shapiro S. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe plate interface beneath the Mejillones Peninsula in Northern Chile is characterized by anomalous seismogenic behaviors, with seismic and aseismic slip, and low coupling values. We analyze this zone through the seismicity pattern and a 3‐D tomography model. We identify high VP/VS values within the oceanic crust and in the lower continental crust, which we interpret as hydrated zones rich in fluids. These zones are correlated with the Mejillones fracture zone and with highly permeable lithologies of the lower continental crust, which allow a greater accumulation of fluids at the plate interface beneath the Mejillones Peninsula. Additionally, these areas exhibit a high rate of seismicity and concentrated swarms and repeaters. We propose that the presence of fluids controls the anomalous seismogenic behavior along the plate interface beneath the Mejillones Peninsula.
The Hydrodynamic Response of the Sediment‐Water Interface to Coherent Turbulent Motions
Authors: Voermans Joey J. , Ghisalberti Marco , Ivey Gregory N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnique observations of the hydrodynamics across the sediment‐water interface are used to quantify the instantaneous response of the interstitial fluid to the passage of coherent turbulent motions in the overlying flow. Over a range of permeability Reynolds numbers
(where K is the sediment permeability, u∗ is the shear velocity, and ν is the fluid viscosity), the passage of these turbulent motions create velocity fluctuations and momentum fluxes at the sediment‐water interface to greatly exceed their mean values. Sweep motions are observed to penetrate into the sediment bed and induce instantaneous momentum fluxes that can be an order of magnitude larger than the mean bed shear stress. By penetrating into the sediment bed, the turbulent motions increase the effective roughness experienced by the flow and therefore the flow resistance. The properties of the mean flow alone are thus insufficient to describe the interaction of the overlying flow with the sediments.
Seismology Gets Under the Skin of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: MacAyeal D. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe compacted firn layer skin of an ice sheet protects it from surface melting. Vibrations of the firn layer measured with seismometers Chaput et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079665) can portray how the firn layer melts, absorbs water, and refreezes, thus giving a sense of how ice sheets are resisting being denuded of their firn layer skin by climate warming.
Nonparametric H Density Estimation Based on Regularized Nonlinear Inversion of the Lyman Alpha Emission in Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Qin Jianqi , Harding Brian J. , Waldrop Lara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInversion of space‐borne remote sensing measurements of the resonantly scattered solar Lyman alpha (121.6‐nm) emission in planetary atmospheres is the most promising means of quantifying the H density in a vast volume of space near terrestrial planets. Owing to the highly nonlinear nature of the inverse problem and the lack of sufficient data constraints over the large volume of space where H atoms are present, previous inversion methods relied on physics‐based parametric formulations of the H density distributions to guarantee solution uniqueness. Those physical formulations, such as the Chamberlain model, were developed with simple assumptions of the atmospheric conditions. The use of such formulations as constraints significantly limits the range of possible solutions, which might lead to large errors in the case when those assumptions are invalid. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of estimating the H density through regularized nonlinear inversion of the Ly‐α emission in an optically thick atmosphere, without using parametric formulations. Specifically, Occam's inversion algorithm is used to demonstrate that the H density can be estimated in a large volume of space near the planet, with accuracy in different atmospheric regions depending on the observation scheme. Two distinctly different schemes are examined, including a low‐Earth orbit and a geostationary orbit. Modeling results show that the low‐Earth orbit is better for H density estimation in the thermosphere, while the high‐altitude orbit is better for estimation in the exosphere. Our results could provide useful information for designing the observation schemes of future missions.
Source Bearing of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Waves in the Earth‐Ionosphere Cavity With Day‐Night Nonuniformity
Authors: Nickolaenko A. P. , Galuk Yu P. , Hayakawa M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImpact is modeled of the day‐night nonuniformity of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity on the source bearing. The smooth day‐night interface is considered. The source is located at the 22.5° N; 0° E point, and the observer is positioned at 22.5° S; 0° E. Propagation path position corresponds to 4 hr UT (the night side) and to 8 hr UT (the dayside of morning terminator). We apply the full wave solution to determine the propagation parameters of extremely low frequency radio waves and solve the problem by using the 2‐D telegraph equations. The following results were obtained: Terminator impact is absent when the propagation path is at the center of night or day hemisphere. Deviation of source bearing varies with frequency similarly to Schumann resonance pattern and may reach 3–4° at certain frequencies. A weak elliptic polarization is observed for the monochromatic radiation; its sign changes when propagation path shifts from one side of the day‐night interface to the other. Temporal variations of the pulsed orthogonal components of horizontal magnetic field form a hodograph outlining complex loops, which obstructs the source bearing. Waveforms change noticeably due to frequency response of a receiver, but the maximum instantaneous deviations do not exceed 1–2°. Effect of the day‐night nonuniformity on the Schumann resonance fields does not exceed the level of natural fluctuations caused by the background lightning activity. Therefore, deviations in the source bearing caused by the day‐night nonuniformity might be detected exclusively for exceptionally great extremely low frequency transients.
Vegetation‐Climate Interactions on the Loess Plateau: A Nonlinear Granger Causality Analysis
Authors: Kong Dongxian , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Lei Xiaohui , Li Hu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, we used a multiyear normalized difference vegetation index data set (1981–2015), and corresponding data sets for observed climatic factors, to investigate vegetation‐climate interactions on the Loess Plateau using an innovative nonlinear Granger causality approach. From eight selected local near‐surface climate factors, we found that the diurnal temperature range, precipitation, and relative humidity were the dominant climate factors influencing the variability of vegetation on the plateau, Granger causing changes in vegetation over 26%, 49%, and 23% of the plateau, respectively. The reverse causality analysis showed that all of the climate factors except precipitation and sunshine hours were sensitive to normalized difference vegetation index on the Loess Plateau. Taken together, these results suggest that there is indeed an interaction between the local climate and changes in vegetation on the Loess Plateau.
Distributed Deformation in an Oceanic Transform System: Applying Statistical Tools to Structural and Paleomagnetic Data Near the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault, Northern Iceland
Authors: Titus Sarah J. , Chapman William , Horst Andrew J. , Brown Maxwell , Davis Joshua R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe right‐lateral Húsavík‐Flatey fault is part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, which links the offshore and onshore rift axes in northern Iceland. There has been debate about whether rocks near this fault have accommodated distributed off‐fault deformation, which is testable using paleomagnetic data. Recent studies from Flateyjarskagi show clockwise declination deflections that are largest near the fault. We augment these data with new structural and paleomagnetic measurements from 106 lava flows across three peninsulas—Flateyjarskagi, Tröllaskagi, and Tjörnes—also finding clockwise deflections that vary with distance from the fault. To test whether the deflections could be caused by off‐fault deformation, we combine our measurements with other regional data sets, applying several statistical tools including regressions of structural or paleomagnetic directions versus fault‐normal distance. To evaluate the significance and uncertainties of the regressions, we use permutation tests and bootstrapping. For Flateyjarskagi, our analysis suggests that lavas and dikes were deformed together; the regression results predict 4°–6° of rotation per kilometer about a steep, but not vertical, axis. Rocks on Tröllaskagi hint at similar spatial patterns with fault distance, but the data quality precludes a full analysis. Rocks on Tjörnes show no spatial patterns, but they preserve a temporal history, where rotation seems to have ceased after deposition of the Pliocene‐age Tjörnes beds. Using constraints from our statistical analyses, geochronology, and comparisons with the transform system in southern Iceland, we propose several modifications to models for the evolution of axial rift zones in northern Iceland.
Assessing Climate Change Impact on the Spatial Dependence of Extreme Snow Depth Maxima in the French Alps
Authors: Nicolet Gilles , Eckert Nicolas , Morin Samuel , Blanchet Juliette 
Published: September 2018

AbstractModeling extreme snow depths in space is important for water storage, tourism industry, mountain ecosystems, collapse of buildings, and avalanche prevention. However, studies modeling the spatial dependence structure of extremes generally assume temporal stationarity which is clearly questionable in a climate change context. We model climatic trends within the spatial dependence structure of extremes, with application to a data set of snow depth winter maxima. From 82 stations spanning the 1970–2012 period in the French Alps, we infer a strong decrease in the range of spatial extremal dependence. This finding is related to a strong decrease in both the snow precipitation ratio and the winter cumulated snowfall, due to increasing temperatures. Hence, we demonstrate that the spatial dependence of extreme snow depths is impacted by climate change in a similar way as has been observed for extreme snowfalls. Furthermore, snow depths maxima are more spatially dependent than snowfalls. The space‐time approach that we introduce may be very useful for assessing past and future evolutions under ongoing climate change in various hydrological quantities.
The Effect of Global Warming on Future Water Availability: CMIP5 Synthesis
Authors: Ferguson C. R. , Pan M. , Oki Taikan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChanges in the spatiotemporal dynamics of the global water cycle will constitute some of the greatest challenges to socioeconomic‐environmental well‐being in a warming world. Large multimodel, multiscenario intercomparisons such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiment support our best estimates of projected climate change and associated uncertainty thereof. It is important to continually reevaluate how this information is synthesized and communicated and at what point it becomes actionable. In this study, we demonstrate a systematic and holistic framework for synthesizing multimodel ensemble projections of water availability at large river basin scale—the scale at which water resources are both managed and monitored. We identify statistically significant shifts in mean water availability at annual and monthly scales, its interannual variations, and its relative seasonality, as computed from CMIP5 historical (1976–2005) and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (2070–2099) scenario multimodel ensemble output. Water availability is addressed separately through the lens of meteorologists (precipitation), hydrologists (runoff), and agriculturalists (precipitation minus evapotranspiration). We illustrate limitations in CMIP5 model representativeness through comparisons of atmosphere‐only model (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) output against observational best estimates. And we find that warming‐induced shifts in water availability projected by CMIP5 carbon‐cycling Earth system models are comparatively less substantial than those projected by traditional general circulation models. As we show, knowing the seasonality of both projected changes and of the biased model background climatology onto which they are imposed is paramount to ensuring proper interpretation and ascribing confidence.
The Nexus of Water, Ecosystems, and Agriculture in Endorheic River Basins: A System Analysis Based on Integrated Ecohydrological Modeling
Authors: Sun Zan , Zheng Yi , Li Xi , Tian Yong , Han Feng , Zhong Ye , Liu Jie , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn arid and semiarid areas, the issues of water security, ecological security, and food security are tightly interlinked. Understanding the water‐ecosystem‐agriculture (WEA) nexus in such areas is critical to their sustainable development. This study presents a basin‐scale integrated ecohydrological model and a paradigm for analyzing the WEA nexus through physically based modeling. The integrated model is successfully applied to the Heihe River Basin (HRB), the second largest endorheic river basin in China. A system analysis of the WEA nexus in the HRB is performed using the validated model. The major findings are as follows. First, reducing the amount of irrigation water applied to the midstream of the HRB produces widely varying effects on the water balance of the basin. Second, a threshold of 11.5 × 108 m3/yr is found for the streamflow from the midstream region to the downstream region, beyond which the contribution of the streamflow to the recovery of vegetation is trivial in the short term. Third, the trade‐off among water conservation, ecosystem protection, and food production in the HRB is strong, and it is highly sensitive to the water management strategy employed. Evaporative water‐saving practices are more desirable than direct water‐saving regulation of irrigation water from the perspective of the WEA nexus. Overall, the results of the study provide insights into the allocation of water resources, ecosystem conservation, and agricultural development in the vast arid and semiarid areas of the world.
Aquatic Carbon‐Nutrient Dynamics as Emergent Properties of Hydrological, Biogeochemical, and Ecological Interactions: Scientific Advances
Authors: Covino Tim , Golden Heather E. , Li Hong‐Yi , Tang Jinyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarbon and nutrient dynamics in aquatic systems often emerge as the result of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological interactions. Due to the multiscale and multidisciplinary nature of these process interactions, research into aquatic carbon and nutrient dynamics is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. The motivation for this special issue came from an international workshop titled “Hydro‐Biogeochemical Processes: Mechanisms, Coupling, and Impact,” which took place from 27 to 31 October 2015 at China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. During this workshop, scientists from various countries and disciplines met to discuss current work and future advances on topics such as the hydro‐biogeochemistry of Earth's critical zone, stream‐groundwater interaction zones, aquatic ecosystem processes, and dynamics at land‐atmosphere, land‐ocean, and human‐natural interfaces. Contributions to this special issue on “Emergent aquatic carbon‐nutrient dynamics as products of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological interactions” include papers from authors who attended the workshop and from those who responded to the open solicitation for papers. Our aim in organizing this special issue is to stimulate continued discussion and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries in order to further our collective understanding of aquatic carbon‐nutrient dynamics.
Restoration of GLP-1 secretion by Berberine is associated with protection of colon enterocytes from mitochondrial overheating in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Sun Yongning , Jin Chenxi , Zhang Xiaoying , Jia Weiping , Le Jiamei , Ye Jianping 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective
L-cell dysfunction is reported for GLP-1 reduction in type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism of dysfunction remains unknown. In this study, we examined mitochondrial function in the mechanistic study in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Subjects
C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to establish the DIO model for GLP-1 reduction. The mice were then treated with berberine (BBR) (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks to test the impact on GLP-1 expression. Mitochondrial activities of the colon enterocytes were compared among three groups of mice (lean, DIO, and DIO + BBR) at the end of treatment. Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were examined to understand the mitochondrial responses. A cellular model treated with palmitic acid (PA) was used in the mechanism study.

Results
A reduction in GLP-1 expression was observed in DIO mice with mitochondrial stress responses in the colon enterocytes. The mitochondria exhibited cristae loss, membrane rupture, and mitochondrial swelling, which was observed with an increase in ATP abundance, complex I activity, and deficiency in the activities of complexes II and IV. Those changes were associated with dysbiosis and a reduction in SCFAs in the colon of DIO mice. In the cellular model, an increase in ATP abundance, loss of mitochondrial potential, and elevation of apoptosis were induced by PA. All of the alterations in DIO mice and the cellular model were attenuated by BBR.

Conclusion
The mitochondrial stress responses were observed in the colon enterocytes of DIO mice for GLP-1 reduction. The stress was prevented by BBR in the restoration of GLP-1 expression, in which BBR may act through direct and indirect mechanisms.
Feasibility of treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia in clinical practice: results from a nationwide series of 236 patients
Authors: Hernández-Boluda Juan Carlos , Pereira Arturo , Pastor-Galán Irene , Alvarez-Larrán Alberto , Savchuk Alisa , Puerta José Manuel , Sánchez-Pina José María , Collado Rosa , Díaz-González Alvaro , Angona Anna , Sagüés Miguel , García-Gutiérrez Valentín , Boqué Concepción , Osorio Santiago , Vallansot Rolando , Palomera Luis , Mendizábal Arantxa , Casado Luis Felipe , Pérez-Encinas Manuel , Pérez-López Raúl , Ferrer-Marín Francisca , Sánchez-Guijo Fermín , García Carmen , Heras Natalia de las , López-Lorenzo José Luis , Cervantes Francisco , Steegmann Juan Luis ,   on behalf of the Grupo Español de Leucemia Mieloide Crónica (GELMC)
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver half of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in deep molecular response do not lose the major molecular response (MMR) after stopping treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This strategy is safe in clinical trials, but its applicability in the real-life setting remains unsettled. We describe the outcomes after TKI discontinuation in a nationwide series of 236 CML patients. Median follow-up from treatment discontinuation was 21.5 months and 5 patients died from CML-unrelated causes. TKI therapy was reinitiated due to MMR loss (n = 52), increase ≥ 1 log in BCR-ABL transcript level without losing MMR (n = 12), patient preference (n = 2), and withdrawal syndrome (n = 1). Treatment-free remission rate at 4 years was 64% (95% confidence interval, CI: 55%–72%). Cumulative incidence of molecular recurrence at 3 years was 33% (95% CI: 26%–38%). TKI treatment for < 5 years and MR4.5 duration shorter than 4 years were both associated with higher incidence of molecular recurrence. No patient had disease progression. Response status at last control was: MR4.5 (n = 196), MR4 (n = 15), MMR (n = 14), complete cytogenetic response (n = 10), and other (n = 1). A significant increase in Hb and cholesterol levels was observed after imatinib withdrawal. Our results demonstrate that TKI treatment discontinuation is feasible in real-life clinical practice.
Innate and adaptive signals enhance differentiation and expansion of dual-antibody autoreactive B cells in lupus
Authors: Sang Allison , Danhorn Thomas , Peterson Jacob N. , Rankin Andrew L. , O’Connor Brian P. , Leach Sonia M. , Torres Raul M. , Pelanda Roberta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutoreactive B cells have a major function in autoimmunity. A small subset of B cells expressing two distinct B-cell-antigen-receptors (B2Rcells) is elevated in many patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in the MRL(/lpr) mouse model of lupus, and is often autoreactive. Here we show, using RNAseq and in vitro and in vivo analyses, signals that are required for promoting B2Rcell numbers and effector function in autoimmune mice. Compared with conventional B cells, B2Rcells are more responsive to Toll-like receptor 7/9 and type I/II interferon treatment, display higher levels of MHCII and co-receptors, and depend on IL-21 for their homeostasis; moreover they expand better upon T cell-dependent antigen stimulation, and mount a more robust memory response, which are characteristics essential for enhanced (auto)immune responses. Our findings thus provide insights on the stimuli for the expansion of an autoreactive B cell subset that may contribute to the etiology of SLE.