bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Soft Power in the Post‐Blockade Times: The Case of Qatar
Authors: al‐Horr Abdulaziz M. , Tok M. Evren , Gagoshidze Tekla 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study seeks to advance the understanding of the utility of “soft power” by exploring the case of Qatar. The country's approach is conceptualized as “nested power” through the examination of its political strategies before and after the regional blockade in 2017. The role of soft and nested power in Qatar has already been examined through various vantage points, such as small state diplomacy, mediation, and sports. Since the blockade has been for Qatar a great strategic dilemma, examination of how it affected power dynamics reveals the salience as well as the resilience of Qatar's soft and nested power. The article will discuss the concepts of “soft” and “nested” powers and their relevance to the state of Qatar in general and it will focus in the final section on the post‐blockade period. In doing so, we also seek useful approaches, which can be compatible with, and even advance “global international relations” (IR). The movement to make IR more global and inclusive is a welcome feature of the current century, reflective of the burgeoning role of the “Global South.”
Fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium coexisting with a secundum‐type atrial septal defect: An unusual case of cyanosis in a girl
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Min , Zhu Hai‐xu , Maimaitiaili Aizezi , Ayibieke Naibi , Ermek Tangsakar , Liu Jun , Zhang Zong‐gang , Li Shi‐guo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA fistula between the pulmonary artery (PA) and the left atrium (LA) is a rare congenital heart disease that usually presents with cyanosis, clubbing, and dyspnea, as well as the signs and symptoms of a right‐to‐left shunt. Herein, we report a 16‐year‐old girl with a fistula between the right PA and the LA. This type of fistula could lead to systemic desaturation. This patient also had an atrial septal defect of the secundum type and has been followed up without treatment. The clinical manifestations and treatment of fistulas located between the PA and LA are also reviewed in this report.
Goal Setting, Information, and Goal Revision: A Field Experiment
Authors: Lent Max van 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
People typically set goals in settings where they cannot be sure of how they will perform, but where their performance is revealed to them in parts over time. When part of the uncertainty is resolved, initial goals may have turned out to be unrealistic and hence they no longer work as a motivation device. Revising goals may increase performance by making goals realistic, but may also adversely affect performance through reduced goal commitment. We study the effects of motivating university students to set goals and inviting them to revise their goals later, using a field experiment involving nearly 2,100 students. We use courses containing two midterms and a final exam, where midterms reduce uncertainty about students’ potential performance. We find that motivating students to set goals does not affect performance on average. Students with midterm grades lower than their goal, decrease their performance. This effect is driven by students who were motivated to set goals without being made aware that they can revise their goals later. This finding may help explain why the evidence of the effectiveness of goals on study performance is mixed.
Trigeminal Neuralgia and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Disease: An Intriguing Association. Lessons From a Large Family Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Méreaux Jean‐Loup , Lefaucheur Romain , Hebant Benjamin , Guégan‐Massardier Evelyne , Grangeon Lou 
Published: June 2019

We report a case of familial trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) caused by an identified MPZ mutation with a review of previous cases described in the literature.BackgroundThe association of TN in CMT patients has previously been reported in a few cases. The pathophysiological link can be detailed with recent use of genetic analysis in CMT.MethodsWe report a large family including 7 members affected by CMT, 4 of whom also presented with TN. We then performed a literature review of literature by search of Pubmed from 1950 to September 2018, using the search terms “trigeminal neuralgia” and “Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth” and the references of relevant articles.ResultsOverall, we found 29 previously published TN cases in 12 CMT families. Among them, only 7 families (69%) included several affected members, suggesting that not all mutations involved in CMT predispose to TN. TN in this context seems to present with specific characteristics, including earlier age of onset, bilateral presentation, and poor tolerance to preventive treatments with gait disturbance exacerbated by the underlying neuropathy.ConclusionThis report of familial TN in CMT with identified MPZ mutation highlighted specific characteristics of this association. Considered as a rare association in the literature, it may be underestimated and the clinician should be aware of its specific pattern, including earlier age of onset, bilateral presentation, and poor tolerance to preventive treatments.
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic characterization of Neoproterozoic organic microfossils from the Fifteenmile Group in Yukon, Canada
Authors: Igisu Motoko , Komiya Tsuyoshi , Awramik Stanley M. , Ikemoto Yuka , Geng Yechuan , Uehara Hiroki , Takai Ken 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConventional and synchrotron radiation‐based (SR) Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies (micro‐FTIR) were applied to four types of ~ 810 Ma organic‐walled microfossils together with diffuse organic matter (OM) and one irregularly shaped structure from the Fifteenmile Group, in Yukon, Canada, for their chemical characterization. The microfossils comprised one filamentous type and three coccoidal types. Micro‐FTIR mapping analysis revealed the micrometer‐scale, spatial distribution of organic components (aliphatic C‐H bonds) and carbonate in the microfossils. Based on comparisons of CH3/CH2 peak height ratios (R3/2) and morphologies of the microfossils (without the diffuse OM) to those of previously described Proterozoic microfossils, possible affinities of the microfossils are suggested, as follows. Palaeolyngbya? and Glenobotrydion belong to bacteria. Myxococcoides is not clearly characterized due to the significant mixing with diffuse OM containing abundant aliphatic C‐H groups. The irregularly shaped structure may represent a eukaryote. The diffuse OM may represent a mixture of decomposed microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). SR micro‐FTIR measurements of two coccoid types (Glenobotrydion and Unnamed Coccoid Form D) revealed that the R3/2 values of the internal spots with wall structures are similar to those without wall structures in Glenobotrydion: those values from Unnamed Coccoid Form D were different. The results suggest that these two coccoids are different chemically as well as morphologically. Micro‐FTIR characterization of the organic‐walled microfossils together with morphological analysis provides new insight into their biological affinities.
Prevalence of C‐shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography – a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Martins J. N. R. , Marques D. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Caramês J. , Mata A. , Versiani M. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimTo perform a systematic review of anatomical studies using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the influence of demographic factors (age, gender and geographic region) on the prevalence of C‐shaped canal anatomy in maxillary molars, mandibular premolars and molars.Data sourcesA search was conducted between May and August 2018 in four electronic databases and five peer‐reviewed journals. The authors of included articles were also contacted for additional studies and the bibliographic references hand‐searched.Study eligibility criteria, participants and interventionsThe research protocol was previously registered in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (CRD42018095201) and included defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prevalence studies on C‐shaped canal anatomy in maxillary molars, mandibular premolars and molars were searched.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsThe selected studies were submitted to full‐text analysis and critical appraisal by two evaluators using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. The final group of papers (n = 25) were pooled and forest plots with proportions and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval performed. Meta‐regression was undertaken to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity and funnel plot visual analysis to assess publication bias.ResultsThe included studies reported data on 25 445 teeth of 13 142 patients. A significant difference in the average prevalence proportion of C‐shaped configuration was observed between mandibular first (0.3%; 0.1–0.6%) and second (12%; 10.3–13.7%) molars (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the prevalence of C‐shaped configurations was observed comparing males (13.5%; 8.8–18.3%) and females (20.5%; 13.7–27.4%) in mandibular second molars (P > 0.05), although males were associated with significantly lower odds (0.573; 0.511–0.641) (P < 0.05). The pooled proportion of C‐shaped anatomy in mandibular second molars in East Asian countries (39.6%; 36.0–43.1%) was significantly higher compared with other regions.LimitationsBecause of the limited number of studies, no statistical analysis was performed for maxillary molars and mandibular premolars.ConclusionMeta‐analysis revealed that gender and geographic region may act as a confounding factor for the prevalence of C‐shaped anatomy in mandibular second molars, whilst age did not influence the prevalence of C‐shaped configurations in this tooth group. Knowing these preoperative factors would help to anticipate complex morphologies in clinics.
Dermoscopy and the experienced clinicians
Authors: Conforti Claudio , Giuffrida Roberta , Vezzoni Roberta , Resende Fernanda S.S. , di Meo Nicola , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor several decades, melanoma diagnosis was based on symptoms rather than clinical features. In fact, until the 1970s melanoma was widely not recognized and only diagnosed when presenting as a large, ulcerated, and bleeding nodule. Today it is well known that ulceration and bleeding are symptoms of an advanced stage; thus, it comes not as a surprise that the prognosis of melanoma at that time was very poor. This paper was developed to recognize dermoscopy as an integrative part of the clinical examination, bearing in mind that naked eye diagnosis can change after dermoscopy outcomes, and to help clinicians avoid the concept: “If in doubt, cut it out”.
Beyond Ramps and Rails
Authors: Fubara‐Manuel Jessie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArchitectural accessibility does not always adequately represent the disability inclusiveness of a Christian community. Oftentimes, what is needed for appreciable inclusion is something as basic as friendship. Friendship that is based on unconditional love, acceptance, and mutual interdependency can facilitate inclusion, especially disability inclusion. This article draws on a study on Mary Slessor Memorial Presbyterian Cathedral, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It examines its disability inclusion efforts. It demonstrates that disability inclusion must go beyond ramps and rails toward enabling friendship that is affirming of individual personhood through respectful interpersonal relationships. In highlighting the challenges to friendship as a relationship that is given freely, this article wrestles with the complexities of friendship and how this basic concept can bring about acceptable inclusive community within the Cathedral and indeed the global church.
Disability, Performance, and Discrimination in the Service to Humanity
Authors: Osukwu Celine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn an age when the church is called upon to be an inclusive community, persons with disabilities in Nigeria are still grappling with exclusion. Disability is associated with multiple challenges. The challenges include degrading treatment, marginalization, and exclusion from recruitment opportunities, as well as discrimination in churches. Some people believe that disability has negative connotations and that persons with disabilities are hopeless, helpless burdens and passive “objects” meant to receive charity as well as physical and spiritual deliverance. Persons with disabilities are stereotypically seen as incapable of being productive. It is assumed that because people live with disabilities, they are not meant to occupy leadership positions or fully partake in church activities. The expectation that persons with disabilities be wholly embraced into the Christian fold is yet to be met. This article shares information on the context in which some of the challenges facing persons with disabilities are rooted. It examines the involvement and experiences of persons with disabilities in the activities of the church, church institutions, and church‐affiliated organizations in Nigeria while acknowledging the church’s mandate of inclusion. It finds that stereotyping and discrimination are challenges for persons with disabilities – individuals who are also made in the image of God. In the future, more research needs to be carried out on issues around the isolation of persons with disabilities in the body of Christ. The findings would help interested groups recognize the predicaments of persons with disabilities and find realistic strategies for a progressive inclusive church community – in this way assisting the efforts of the World Council of Churches’ programme on disability.
Mission and People with Disabilities
Authors: Buda Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article begins with a few thoughts and some historical and canonical encounters about how lay and ordained people with disabilities have been involved in Orthodox mission work in the past. It then presents two concrete contemporary situations in which people with disabilities are involved in Orthodox ordained ministry work despite the persisting tradition that disabled people not be ordained. The first example is taken from the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, where the involvement of people with disabilities in both ordained and lay ministry provides significant support for a church that lives in a delicate situation. The second example is taken from the Romanian Orthodox Church and presents the case of Father Theophilus Părăian, one of the most prominent contemporary Romanian Orthodox monastic figures, who served as an ordained priest despite his disability. This article pleads for a deeper involvement of disabled people in both ordained and lay ministry in Orthodox churches.
Support of Theological Education in a Cross‐cultural Setting
Authors: Petersen Henrik Sonne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on recent reports on the global status quo of theological education, including a mapping of Danish organizations supporting theological education in a cross‐cultural setting, the paper asks how theological education is best supported. It argues that theological education, while referring to a historical heritage and sacred text, is also exposed to developments in church and society. Stretched between the historical and contemporary perspective, theological education includes a cultural component that we need to consider when discussing development and support. The paper argues further that support of theological education offered in a cross‐cultural setting is susceptible to failure if the cultural aspect is not considered, primarily through engaging in the cultural background of the supporting agencies. As a help to identifying the cultural element, the paper proposes four indicators, challenging agencies of the global North to face latent aspects of culture and secularization, presenting a global and social perspective of theological education. The cultural component visualized in cross‐cultural support reveals that we must complement the classical notion of theological education as Christian leadership training with an understanding of formation, where spiritual and cognitive aspects accompany social and cultural critique of totalitarian regimes both inside and outside churches. Critique in this setting is not a matter of giving in to secularization, but rather expresses an openness to historical and contemporary perspectives and a commitment to the sources of faith.
El, Baal, and Allah
Authors: Fuad Chelcent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article compares the appropriations of the divine names El and Baal into the Yahwistic faith in ancient Israel with the Christian use of the word “Allah” in contemporary Indonesia. This study finds that, like El and Baal, “Allah” can function as both an appellative and personal name in contemporary Indonesia. However, the term “Allah” in Indonesia is at a crossroads to develop either to be more generic, like El, or to be more personal, like Baal. Learning from the peaceful appropriation of El as a generic name and the polemical appropriation of Baal as a personal name in ancient Israel, Indonesian Christians need to advocate the use of the name Allah as an appellative because it may prevent unnecessary conflicts in the Christian–Muslim relationship in Indonesia. Furthermore, the use of the common word “Allah” in Indonesia to refer to the supreme being is crucial for promoting interreligious dialogue between Islam and Christianity.
Al2O3 hollow nanospheres prepared by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition and further heat treatment
Authors: Zhao Jian , Liu Malin , Chang Jiaxing , Shao Youlin , Liu Bing , Liu Rongzheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHollow‐structured Al2O3 nanospheres were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and further heat‐treatment process. For the CVD process, a unique cooling gas loop was designed in the precursor delivery system and amorphous Al2O3 nanospheres with incomplete pyrolysis intermediated products were obtained in a vertical fluidized bed at 500℃. The microstructure of the nanospheres tended to hollow after subsequent heat treatment at 1300℃ in air. It was found that the obtained Al2O3 hollow nanospheres showed a size of 100‐450 nm in diameter and 20‐80 nm in shell thickness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the Al2O3 hollow nanospheres were α‐Al2O3. The possible formation mechanism was proposed based on the results of the thermal gravimetric (TG) measurement connected with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The novel method to prepare Al2O3 hollow nanospheres can inspire ideas for the design and synthesis of other hollow‐structured nanospheres.
Movement of aHeliconiushybrid zone over 30 years: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Thurman Timothy J. , Szejner‐Sigal Andre , McMillan W. Owen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHybrid zones have long been of interest to biologists as natural laboratories where we can gain insight into the processes of adaptation and speciation. Repeated sampling of individual hybrid zones has been particularly useful in elucidating the dynamic balance between selection and dispersal that maintains most hybrid zones. Here, we revisit a hybrid zone betweenHeliconius eratobutterflies in Panamá for a third time over more than 30 years. We combine a novel Bayesian extension of stepped‐cline hybrid zone models with environmental data to understand the genetic and environmental causes of cline dynamics in this species. The cline has continued to move west, likely due to dominance drive, but has slowed and broadened. Environmental analyses suggest that widespread deforestation in Panamá could be leading to decreased avian predation and relaxed selection, causing the observed changes in cline dynamics.
An evaluation of WHO emergency guidelines for Zika virus disease
Authors: Norris Susan L , Louis Henry , Sawin Veronica I , Porgo Teegwendé V , Lau Yuk Hei Agnes , Wang Qi , Ferri Mauricio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the face of an unclear causal association between Zika virus in utero exposure and congenital abnormalities and urgent demand for guidance, the World Health Organization (WHO) had to produce timely and trustworthy guidelines during the 2016 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional evaluation of WHO emergency guidelines produced during the Zika virus disease PHEIC from 1 February to 18 November 2016. We assessed adherence to WHO publication requirements and the reporting of guideline development processes associated with trustworthiness. In the absence of quality appraisal tools for guidelines developed under compressed timeframes, we applied the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool.ResultsWe included 21 guidelines (13 de novo and 8 updates). Six guidelines used a formal evidence review process. Most guidelines involved external experts in the development process and collected declarations of interest. Peer review was reported in six documents. Most emergency guidelines included updating plans. The highest scoring AGREE II domain was clarity of presentation (median score 78%); the lowest scoring domain was applicability (median score 18%).ConclusionWHO developed moderate‐ to high‐quality emergency guidelines in the challenging context of a PHEIC. We found improvement opportunities for WHO guideline development teams in the use of evidence to formulate recommendations, the collection of declarations of interest, reporting of conflicts of interest, and the use of existing WHO organizational quality assurance processes.
Effect of ball‐mill process on some quality parameters of chocolate and compound chocolate: A modeling approach
Authors: Konar Nevzat , Bingol Ipek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe long processing time is among the reasons for low efficiency in the implementation of conventional conching and ball‐mill techniques. In this study, the time‐dependent variation of the moisture, particle size, and water activity of dark, milk, white, and compound chocolate (cocolin) samples were modeled using polynomial regression analysis. For this aim, analyzes were performed in chocolate samples taken at 10‐min intervals. The total processing time was 150 min. It was determined that the particle size, water activity, and moisture contents of all the samples decreased with time, but these decreases varied depending on the chocolate variety. Time‐dependent particle size (D90), water activity (aw), and moisture variation models were modeled and R2 values were found in the range of .984–.996, .872–.988, and .805–.905, respectively. For all types of chocolate, the quadratic relationship for “time × particle size” and cubic relationship for “time × water activity” were determined. For dark chocolate, the quadratic relationship was detected between time and moisture content. It was seen that this relationship was cubic for other types of chocolates. The results of the study reveal that the ball‐mill technique is possible to be modeled successfully for the particle size change and moisture removal in the main chocolate varieties.Practical ApplicationsThe results obtained from the study show that ball‐mill process can be successfully modeled in the main chocolate varieties for the particle size change and moisture removal which are among the main objectives of the use of this processing step. Therefore, they have potential to use in the relevant production areas. As a result of this use, there is a potential to contribute to capacity development as a result of the reduction in product and energy costs, as well as the potential to provide a higher quantity of product with the same equipment per unit time.