bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic silver hierarchical structures for anode materials in Li ion batteries
Authors: Li Jing , Fa Wenjun , Zhao Hongxiao , Zhu Congxu , Jia Huimin , Gu Longyan 
Published: March 2019

Dendritic silver hierarchical structures were prepared via a simple electrochemical deposition method in the presence of citric acid. The influence of the molar ratio of citric acid and AgNO3, the deposition time and the deposition current on the crystalline and morphology of the products were studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Dendritic silver hierarchical structures consist of a long trunk with secondary branches, which grew in a parallel direction with a definite angle to the trunk. The average diameter of the trunk is 230–320 nm, that of the secondary branches is about 250 nm and the length of the branches is about 850 nm. The charge specific capacity of dendritic silver hierarchical structures was stable at around 250 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.1C. They also exhibited excellent rate capability at the various current rates from 0.1 to 5C.
Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly
Authors: Price Dana C , Goodenough Ursula W , Roth Robyn , Lee Jae-Hyeok , Kariyawasam Thamali , Mutwil Marek , Ferrari Camilla , Facchinelli Fabio , Ball Steven G , Cenci Ugo , Chan Cheong Xin , Wagner Nicole E , Yoon Hwan Su , Weber Andreas P M , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlaucophyta are members of the Archaeplastida, the founding group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that also includes red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, and plants (Viridiplantae). Here we present a high-quality assembly, built using long-read sequences, of the ca. 100 Mb nuclear genome of the model glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa. We also conducted a quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy (QFDEEM) analysis of C. paradoxa cells to investigate glaucophyte morphology in comparison to other organisms. Using the genome data, we generated a resolved 115-taxon eukaryotic tree of life that includes a well-supported, monophyletic Archaeplastida. Analysis of muroplast peptidoglycan (PG) ultrastructure using QFDEEM shows that PG is most dense at the cleavage-furrow. Analysis of the chlamydial contribution to glaucophytes and other Archaeplastida shows that these foreign sequences likely played a key role in anaerobic glycolysis in primordial algae to alleviate ATP starvation under night-time hypoxia. The robust genome assembly of C. paradoxa significantly advances knowledge about this model species and provides a reference for exploring the panoply of traits associated with the anciently diverged glaucophyte lineage.
Decolonizing Eastern Europe: A global perspective on 1989 and the world it made
Authors: Fowkes James , Hailbronner Michaela 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The end of the Cold War can be usefully understood as a moment of decolonization, and the post-1989 experience, for many states, as a postcolonial one. But we do not usually think in these terms when it comes to Eastern Europe, even though it has faced similar challenges to countries further South. Among those challenges has been the search for a new national and constitutional identity—a task complicated by a colonized past, yielding not a few identity-builders to resort to what we call constitutional kitsch. But we wonder whether Eastern Europeans have been afforded less space to build their own post-1989 identities, compared to places further South. And we wonder if this has to do with our greater sensitivity to this postcolonial need in places where we find such terms more natural, while Eastern Europe may have been too close to Europe for that need to be taken as seriously.
Discovery of False Elite Controllers: HIV Antibody-Positive RNA-Negative Blood Donors Found To Be on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Sykes Wendy , Van den Berg Karin , Jacobs Genevieve , Jauregui Adam , Roubinian Nareg , Wiesner Lubbe , Maartens Gary , Swanevelder Ronel , Custer Brian , Busch Michael , Jentsch Ute , Murphy Edward L , Vermeulen Marion ,   NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III (REDS-III)
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in potential HIV elite controllers (EC) and anecdotal reports of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use among South African blood donors led us to verify EC status.MethodsStored plasma samples from potential EC were tested for ART drugs. Demographic and temporal associations were examined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf 226 potential EC, 150 (66.4%) had detectable ART with increasing prevalence by year (OR = 7.57 for 2016 vs 2010, 95% confidence interval, 1.96–32.17).DiscussionFalse presumptive EC status due to undisclosed ART represents a growing proportion of potential EC donors in South Africa coincident with the country’s ART rollout.
Seasonal Occurrence of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Haemaphysalis flava, Vectors of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in South Korea
Authors: Jung Minhyung , Kho Jung-Wook , Lee Wook-Gyo , Roh Jong Yul , Lee Doo-Hyung 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The seasonal abundance of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann and H. flava Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) was monitored from 2015 through 2017 in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The hard ticks were surveyed monthly using CO2 bait traps from April to November and flagging from July to September in a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest, shrubs, and a grassland vegetation types. Haemaphysalis longicornis and H. flava were most abundant in the grassland and shrubs, which yielded over 50% of the total number of ticks in all 3 yr. Furthermore, H. longicornis comprised up to 90% of the ticks collected. Generally, peaks of nymph, adult, and larva numbers were observed from April to June, from June to July, and from August to September, respectively. Half of the ticks were pooled and tested for the presence of the SFTS virus with negative results.
Therapeutic Uses of the Flute Within Music Therapy Practice
Authors: Burns Cecilia E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe flute usage among current, professional music therapists. The broad term “flute” included any instrument with sound created by blowing air across or into an aperture hole. Members of the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) were sent an electronic survey consisting of 25 questions pertaining to the flute and music therapy. Descriptive statistics describe how flutes were being used in music therapy sessions, and chi-square tests were used to determine whether music therapists who studied flute as a primary instrument used the flute as an instrument within a music therapy setting more frequently. Results showed that 42.4% of the 387 respondents were actively using flute music in some way within music therapy sessions while 67.8% of respondents reported using flute music at some point in the past. Flute-playing music therapists reported using flutes more frequently in a music therapy context than music therapists who did not study flute as a primary instrument. It appears that the flute is a viable instrument for music therapy practice.
Physical Therapist Education and the Labor Market in Brazil: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Sampaio Rosana F , Wan Der Maas Lucas , Marães Vera R F S , Neves Jorge A , Vaz Daniela V , Nóbrega Rodrigo A A , Ocarino Juliana M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
In Brazil, the number of physical therapy education programs and, consequently, of professionals has been growing for the past 20 years.

Objectives
The objective of the study was to describe the evolution and distribution of physical therapist education programs in Brazil and to analyze the impact of workforce growth on the labor market for these professionals.

Design
This was a descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study.

Methods
Secondary data collected from official sources in Brazil were used.

Results
The first physical therapist education program was created in 1958, and, after significant growth, 536 programs were active in 2014. The historical series (1996–2014) shows a corresponding increase in the number of admissions by higher educational institutions. This expansion resulted in an increase in the number of professionals, with an impact on the labor market. The workforce in physical therapy is predominantly female, and women increased their participation in this labor market from 59% in 1996 to 81% in 2014. An increase in nominal monthly salaries was observed over the years from US $797.00 in 1996 to US $1056.00 in 2014. Nevertheless, the real average salaries, that is, salaries adjusted to inflation, have followed a trend of devaluation.

Limitations
Results of this study must be interpreted in terms of overall trends rather than as precise absolute numbers due to the inherent nature of the varied secondary data sources.

Conclusions
These data can support further discussion on training and the labor market in the field of physical therapy.
Quadratic points of surfaces in projective 3-space
Authors: Craizer Marcos , Garcia Ronaldo A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Quadratic points of a surface in the projective 3-space are the points which can be exceptionally well approximated by a quadric. They are also singularities of a 3-web in the elliptic part and of a line field in the hyperbolic part of the surface. We show that generically the index of the 3-web at a quadratic point is ±1/3, while the index of the line field is ±1. Moreover, for an elliptic quadratic point whose cubic form is semi-homogeneous, we can use Loewner’s conjecture to show that the index is at most 1. From the above local results, we can conclude some global results: A generic compact elliptic surface has at least 6 quadratic points, a compact elliptic surface with semi-homogeneous cubic forms has at least 2 quadratic points and the number of quadratic points in a hyperbolic disc is odd. By studying the behavior of the cubic form in a neighborhood of the parabolic curve, we also obtain a relation between the indices of the quadratic points of a generic surface with non-empty elliptic and hyperbolic regions.
Tackling the outcome bias related to the effectiveness of antibiotics against the common cold: results of a randomized controlled trial applying the Solomon four-group design
Authors: Ludolph Ramona , Schulz Peter J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an international public health priority. In the area of human medicine, the mis- and overuse of antibiotics is an important contributor to the development of AMR. Such a non-prudent use of antibiotics is especially prevalent in the treatment of viral infections such as the common cold. The present study aims to address the misconception, also known as outcome bias, that antibiotics may be an effective treatment against the common cold by providing a “debiasing” risk communication intervention. It aims at conveying the non-existence of a cause–effect relationship between antibiotics and the reduction of cold-related symptoms through a visual aid and simple explanatory text. A Solomon four-group design was employed to test for within- and between-subjects effects of the intervention as well as potential sensitization effects of the repeated measurement. A total of 311 participants residing in Germany were randomly assigned to receiving (1) a pretest, the debiasing intervention and post-test (2), a pretest, a control stimulus and post-test (3), the debiasing intervention and post-test, or (4) the post-test only. Outcome measures included knowledge about the effectiveness of antibiotics, the attitude toward using it as treatment against the common cold and the evaluation of a scenario describing an irresponsible use of antibiotics. Within-subjects comparisons found that participants receiving the pre- and post-test and intervention showed improved knowledge (t(77) = -2.53, p = .014), attitude (t(77) = -2.09, p = .040), and evaluation measures (t(77) = -2.23, p = .028). The pretest might, however, have caused a sensitization of participants for knowledge-related questions (t(77) = 2.207, p = .029). Between-subjects comparisons found differences in knowledge levels between the post-test only group and both groups receiving the intervention (F(3, 307) = 5.63, p = .001, η2p = .05]. There were no differences between the intervention and control groups with regard to attitude and evaluation of the scenario. While the risk communication intervention led to an increase in knowledge, the outcomes related to attitude and evaluation of a scenario were only affected positively in one group. Therefore, it seems that communication interventions based on visual aids are a simple method to promote the understanding of the true relationship between antibiotic treatment and the decrease of cold-related symptoms. Variables such as attitude and evaluation of a scenario presenting the irresponsible use of antibiotics require, however, additional interventions facilitating a translation of accurate understanding into respective attitudes and judgments.
Reappraisal of respiratory syncytial virus as an aetiology of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years in Nigeria
Authors: Oladele Damilola M , Oladele Dimeji P , Ibraheem Rasheedat M , Abdulkadir Mohammed B , Raheem Rasaki Adewole , Gobir Aishat A , Adedoyin Olarenwaju T , Johnson Abdul-Wahab B R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) especially severe ALRIs, constitute a global high burden of morbidity and mortality in children <5 y of age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented to a play a major aetiological role. However, Nigerian reports on severe childhood RSV ALRIs are rare and most reports are old. With recent advances in RSV preventive strategy, arises the need for a recent appraisal of RSV infection in children with severe ALRI. The current study thus set out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection among hospitalized children <5 y of age and describe the related social determinants.

Methods
We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 1 y of 120 children, ages 2–59 months, diagnosed with ALRI. Relevant data were obtained and an antigen detection assay was used for viral studies.

Results
The prevalence of RSV infection was 34.2% and its peak was in the rainy months. The proportion of infants in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the RSV-negative group (82.9% vs 54.4%; p=0.002). These findings were largely consistent with those of earlier reports.

Conclusions
RSV has remained a common cause of severe ALRI in infants, especially during the rainy months in Nigeria. It is thus suggested that more effort be focused towards implementing the current global recommendations for the prevention of RSV-associated LRI, particularly in infants.
DeepSSV: detecting somatic small variants in paired tumor and normal sequencing data with convolutional neural network
Authors: Meng Jing , Victor Brandon , He Zhen , Salim Agus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMotivationIt is of considerable interest to detect somatic mutations in paired tumor and normal sequencing data. A number of callers that are based on statistical or machine learning approaches have been developed to detect somatic small variants. However, they take into consideration only limited information about the reference and potential variant allele in both samples at a candidate somatic site. Also, they differ in how biological and technological noises are addressed. Hence, they are expected to produce divergent outputs.ResultsTo overcome the drawbacks of existing somatic callers, we develop a deep learning-based tool called DeepSSV, which employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to learn increasingly abstract feature representations from the raw data in higher feature layers. DeepSSV creates a spatially-oriented representation of read alignments around the candidate somatic sites adapted for the convolutional architecture, which enables it to expand to effectively gather scattered evidences. Moreover, DeepSSV incorporates the mapping information of both reference-allele-supporting and variant-allele-supporting reads in the tumor and normal samples at a genomic site that are readily available in the pileup format file. Together, the CNN model can process the whole alignment information. Such representational richness allows the model to capture the dependencies in the sequence and identify context-based sequencing artifacts, and alleviates the need of post-call filters that heavily depend on prior knowledge. We fitted the model on ground truth somatic mutations, and did benchmarking experiments on simulated and real tumors. The benchmarking results demonstrate that DeepSSV outperforms its state-of-the-art competitors in overall F1score.Availability and Implementationhttps://github.com/jingmeng-bioinformatics/DeepSSVContacta.salim@latrobe.edu.auSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at online.
An essential RNA-binding lysine residue in the Nab3 RRM domain undergoes mono and trimethylation
Authors: Lee Kwan Yin , Chopra Anand , Biggar Kyle , Meneghini Marc D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex integrates molecular inputs to direct termination of noncoding transcription in budding yeast. NNS is positively regulated by methylation of histone H3 lysine-4 as well as through Nrd1 binding to the initiating form of RNA PolII. These cues collaborate with Nrd1 and Nab3 binding to target RNA sequences in nascent transcripts through their RRM RNA recognition motifs. In this study, we identify nine lysine residues distributed amongst Nrd1, Nab3, and Sen1 that are mono-, di-, or trimethylated, suggesting novel molecular inputs for NNS regulation. One of these methylated residues, Nab3 lysine-363 (K363), resides within its RRM, and is known to physically contact target RNA. Although mutation of Nab3-K363 to arginine (Nab3-K363R) causes a severe growth defect, it nevertheless produces a stable protein that is incorporated into the NNS complex, suggesting that RNA binding through Nab3-K363 is crucial for NNS function. Consistent with this hypothesis, K363R mutation decreases RNA binding of the Nab3 RRMin vitroand causes transcription termination defectsin vivo.These findings reveal crucial roles for Nab3-K363 and suggest that methylation of this residue may modulate NNS activity through its impact on Nab3 RNA binding.
PhenoMS-ML: Phenotypic Screening by Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning
Authors: van Oosten Luuk N. , Klein Christian D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProtein mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF MS in combination with machine learning (PhenoMS-ML) permits the identification of response signatures generated in cell cultures upon exposure to well-characterized drugs. PhenoMS-ML is capable to identify and classify the mode of action of unknown antibacterial agents in wild-type Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It allows the sensitive, specific, and high-throughput identification of drug target mechanisms that are difficult to assess by other methods.
Empirical determination of severe trauma in seals from collisions with tidal turbine blades
Authors: Onoufriou Joe , Brownlow Andrew , Moss Simon , Hastie Gordon , Thompson Dave 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Tidal energy converters (turbines) are being developed in many countries as part of attempts to reduce reliance on hydrocarbon fuels. However, the moving blades of tidal turbines pose potential collision risks for marine animals. Accurate assessment of mortality risk as a result of collisions is essential for risk management during planning and consenting processes for marine energy developments. In the absence of information on the physical consequences of such collisions, predicting likely risks relies on theoretical collision risk models. The application of these at a population level usually assumes that all collisions result in mortality. This is unlikely and the approach therefore produces upwardly biased estimates of population consequences.

In this study, we estimate the pathological consequences of direct collisions with tidal turbines using seal carcasses and physical models of tidal turbine blades. We quantify severe trauma at a range of impact speeds and to different areas of seal carcasses. A dose–response model was developed with associated uncertainty to determine an impact speed threshold of severe trauma to use in future collision risk models.

Results showed that severe trauma was restricted to the thoracic region, with no evidence of injury to the lumbar or cervical spine. Pathological indicators of mortality were only predicted to occur in collision speeds in excess of 5.1 m/s (95% C.I. 3.2–6.6) and was affected by body condition; increasing blubber depth reduced the likelihood of severe trauma.

Synthesis and applications. This study provides important information for policy makers and regulators looking to predict the potential impacts of tidal turbines on marine mammals. We demonstrate that the probability of severe trauma in seals due to collisions with turbine blades is highly dependent upon collision speed, and that the majority of predicted collisions are unlikely to cause fatal skeletal trauma. We recommend that collision risk models incorporate appropriate mortality assumptions to ensure accurate estimates of the population consequences are produced in risk assessments for tidal turbine deployments.
A functional diversity approach of crop sequences reveals that weed diversity and abundance show different responses to environmental variability
Authors: Mahaut Lucie , Gaba Sabrina , Fried Guillaume 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Combining several crop species and associated agricultural practices in a crop sequence has the potential to control weed abundance while promoting weed diversity in arable fields. However, how the variability in environmental conditions that arise from crop sequences affects weed diversity and abundance remains poorly understood, with most studies to‐date simply opposing weed communities in monoculture and in crop rotation. Here, we describe crop sequences along gradients of disturbance and resource variability using a crop functional trait and associated agricultural practices. We tested the hypothesis that in disturbances reduces weed abundance, whereas variability in resources promotes weed diversity.

We used functional Hill's numbers to compute crop sequence functional diversity based on sowing date, herbicide spectrum and crop height—these are the respective proxies of disturbance timings, disturbance types and light availability. Using a large‐scale weed monitoring database, we assessed crop sequence diversity for 1,045 crop sequences of five consecutive cropping seasons. We computed weed richness and abundance at pluri‐annual (pool of weeds observed across five cropping seasons) and annual (pool of weeds observed during a winter cereal cropping season preceded by five cropping seasons) scales. We also accounted for herbicide and tillage intensities to test whether management intensity affects the response of weed diversity and abundance to crop sequence diversity.

At the pluri‐annual scale, weed richness increased with the diversity of crop height and sowing date, whereas weed abundance decreased with sowing date diversity. Annual weed richness decreased with sowing date diversity, whereas annual weed abundance poorly relied on crop sequence diversity.

Synthesis and applications. This study establishes a scientific basis for designing crop sequences according to specific weed management goals. We show that farmers may enhance arable weed diversity on a pluri‐annual scale by sequentially sowing crop species that differ in their competitive ability and sowing date. They may also achieve a better control of weed abundance by increasing the diversity of crop sowing dates across the crop sequence.