bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of ochratoxin A‐induced oxidative stress‐mediated apoptotic processes and impairment of embryonic development in mouse blastocysts by liquiritigenin
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hsun , Wang Fu‐Ting , Chan Wen‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin constituent of a range of food commodities, including coffee, wine, beer, grains, and spices, exerts toxicological and pathological effects in vivo, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. In a previous report, we highlighted the potential of OTA to induce apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse blastocysts that led to impaired preimplantation and postimplantation embryo development in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have shown that liquiritigenin (LQ), a type of flavonoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix, effectively protects against OTA‐mediated apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in mouse blastocysts. Preincubation of blastocysts with LQ clearly prevented OTA‐triggered impairment of preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development and fetal weight loss, both in vitro and in vivo. Detailed investigation of regulatory mechanisms revealed that OTA mediated apoptosis and embryotoxicity through ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, which were effectively prevented by LQ. The embryotoxic effects of OTA were further validated in an animal model in vivo. Intravenous injection of dams with OTA (3 mg/kg/day) led to apoptosis of blastocysts, impairment of embryonic development from zygote to blastocyst stage and decrease in day 18 fetal weight. Notably, preinjection of dams with LQ (5 mg/kg/day) effectively prevented OTA‐induced apoptosis and toxic effects on embryo development. Our collective results clearly demonstrate that OTA exposure via injection has the potential to damage preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development against which LQ has a protective effect.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation involved in LPS and coal tar pitch extract‐induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Duan Shuyin , Wang Na , Huang Li , Shao Hua , Zhang Peng , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Wang Jing , Liu Hong , Zhang Qiao , Feng Feifei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInflammatory microenvironment has been found as a new characteristic of cancer; however, the mechanisms of inflammation‐related lung cancer remain unclear. To explore the role of NLRP3 inflammsome activation in inflammation‐related lung carcinogenesis, a cell model was set up. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours, and then treated with 2.4 μg/mL coal tar pitch extract (CTPE) for 24 hours, after removal of LPS and CTPE, the cells were numbered passage 1 and were passaged and treated in this way until passage 30, which was called LPS + CTPE group. DMSO and Saline were used as vehicle controls. Malignant transformation of cells in passage 30 was evaluated by morphological change, platelet clone formation assay, and tumor formation in nude mice. The mRNA levels of NLRP3 and IL‐1β were detected by real time‐PCR. The combination of NLRP3 and caspase‐1 were determined using immunofluorescence and confocal. The protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1(p10), and cleaved IL‐1β was detected using Western blot. It was shown that CTPE, LPS + CTPE‐stimulated BEAS‐2B cells of passage 30 changed a lot morphologically. The clone formation rates, the rates of positive cells of NLRP3 and caspase‐1 combination, the mRNA levels of NLRP3 and IL‐1β, the protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1(p10) and cleaved IL‐1β of cells exposed with CTPE and LPS + CTPE at passage 30 were significantly increased compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, the ability of tumor formation in nude mice, the rates of clone formation and positive cells, mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation‐related factors in LPS + CTPE‐induced cells were all higher than those in cells stimulated with CTPE alone. In conclusion, the cell model of inflammation‐related lung cancer is set up successfully, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be involved in the malignant transformation of BEAS‐2B cells which induced by CTPE alone or LPS combined with CTPE.
Vitamin D protects against particles‐caused lung injury through induction of autophagy in an Nrf2‐dependent manner
Authors: Tao Shasha , Zhang Hong , Xue Lian , Jiang Xiaoyan , Wang Hongyan , Li Bingyan , Tian Hailin , Zhang Zengli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFine particulate matter is a well‐known air pollutant threatening public health. Studies have confirmed long‐term exposure to the particles could decrease the pulmonary function, induce asthma exacerbation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as increase the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. A clinical study has explored that the prevalence and risks of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in various chronic disease and toxins induced tissue damage. Our current study aimed to explore the mechanism and further therapeutic potential of VD administration to ameliorate fine particles exposure induced pulmonary damage in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of VD in particles‐induced pulmonary damage, a murine model was established with fine particles intratracheal instillation along with VD intramuscular injection. Our study demonstrated that treatment with VD attenuated particles‐induced pulmonary damage and promoted tissue repair by repressing of TGFβ1 signaling pathway and upregulation of MMP9 expression. VD treatment could also regulate the autophagy‐related signals along with activation of Nrf2 transcription factor. Furthermore, the results from the in vitro study demonstrated that VD protected against particles‐induced cells' damage through the induction of autophagy in an Nrf2‐dependent manner. VD treatment caused the degradation of P62 and its bound Keap1, which decreased the Nrf2 ubiquitination and increasing its protein stability. Our work explored a novel potential mechanism in the protection of VD in particles‐induced pulmonary injury and tissue repair, and could further bring insights into exploring antifine particles exposure caused inflammation among other natural products and contributes to inflammation disease medical therapies.
Sociopolitical organization, landscape change, and hydraulic engineering in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico: 1250 B.C.–A.D. 1810
Authors: Mejía Ramón Andrés G. , Johnson Nadia E. 
Published: January 2019

The Teotihuacan Valley has witnessed the rise and fall of various civilizations since it was first inhabited by sedentary societies 3,500 years ago. Given its location in a semi‐arid environment, Teotihuacan has featured prominently in debates about the role of water and water management in the development of sedentism, culture, primary states, and large, complex societies. While many previous discussions tended to echo Wittfogel's “hydraulic hypothesis,” focusing on the ability of an elite few to monopolize water resources, we instead turn to a growing corpus of research showing varied water management strategies through time potentially resulting in distinct patterns of social organization. In this palimpsest landscape hydraulic and agricultural strategies were constrained not merely by present environmental conditions, but also by very real and material legacies of previous behavior. We discuss the state of research regarding these adaptations (and social responses) to water scarcity from the Early‐to‐Middle Formative Period (1250–650 B.C.) through the independence of Mexico (A.D. 1810), noting how previous fundamental assumptions about agriculture and hydraulic management in the Teotihuacan Valley have led to a significant number of neglected concepts and potential adaptations. If we are to address the current destruction of the Teotihuacan Valley's ecological and cultural resources in response to national development and climate change, a historical‐ecological perspective is necessary to disentangle the relevant processes that have shaped the landscape—and the cultures residing within it—to this day.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Activated sludge morphology significantly impacts oxygen transfer at the air–liquid boundary
Authors: Campbell Ken , Wang Jianmin , Liu Guoqiang , Daigger Glen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOxygen transfer is a key process determining the energy use of a biological wastewater treatment process. In this research, we investigated the effect of sludge morphology, especially the role of filamentous microorganisms, on oxygen transfer using bench‐scale complete‐mix activated sludge reactors with solids retention times (SRTs) of 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐days, respectively. Results indicated 5%–10% reduced aeration need in the 40‐day SRT reactor, compared with 10‐ and 20‐day SRT reactors to maintain the same dissolved oxygen level, due to the improvement in sludge settleability and oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE). Filamentous microorganisms adversely impacted OTE via an increase in apparent viscosity of the mixed liquor, which resulted in an increase in the air bubble size and liquid film thickness and, therefore, limited oxygen transfer at the air–liquid boundary. A statistical analysis also confirmed that the mixed liquor viscosity is a statistically significant parameter links to OTE.Practitioner points

Filamentous organisms reduce oxygen transfer via increasing mixed liquor viscosity, which increases air bubble size and liquid film thickness at the air‐liquid boundary.

Increasing solids retention time reduces filament density.

As a result, very long solids retention time promotes oxygen transfer.
Analysis of precious metals from the tomb of the “Lady of Cao” by X‐ray microtomography and digital radiography
Authors: R. Azeredo Soraia , Cesareo Roberto , F. Jordan Régulo , Fernandez Arabel , E. Gigante Giovanni , Bustamante Angel , T. Lopes Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

Investigative analyses of metallic objects from the tomb of a queen of the Moche civilization, who lived around 100 to 300 AD in the northern coast of current Peru, known as Lady of Cao, have been carried out by researchers in the last 4 years using various destructive techniques. Many of these objects found inside the tomb are jewelry produced using silver, gilded copper, copper, and gold sheets. The application of X‐ray microtomography (μCT) and X‐ray digital radiography techniques using a portable system had the objective of obtaining more information on the structures of the objects studied, and thus to obtain some evidences about the production methods used by Moche artisans. In this way, radiographic and microtomographic images were acquired, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. A fish in gold and a nose decoration in silver were examined by radiographic methods, whereas a silver earring and a gold needle were analyzed by μCT. Important information on the structure of these objects were gained.
Interaction effect of familism and socioeconomic status on academic outcomes of adolescent children of Latino immigrant families
Authors: Toyokawa Noriko , Toyokawa Teru 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious research has shown inconsistent findings of the effect of familism on academic outcomes among adolescents from Latino immigrant families. Guided by social capital theory and the concept of gendered familism, the current study examined differential effects of family obligation and family cohesion as subcomponents separately. This study also investigated the moderating effect of familial SES on the association of each component of familism and academic outcomes by gender.MethodsParticipants were 1801 adolescents from Latino immigrant families (Mage = 14.1 years, SD = 0.83, range = 14–17) drawn from the Children of Immigrant Longitudinal Studies. The current study employed a series of multiple regression analyses to examine the effects of familism, assessed by family obligation and family cohesion, on adolescents' grade point average (GPA), educational expectations and aspirations. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to examine gender differences in the effect of familism on adolescents’ academic outcomes.ResultsAnalyses revealed the positive main effect of family cohesion and the negative effect of family obligations on Latino and Latina adolescents' GPA and educational expectations. For Latino adolescents, negative effect of family obligation on GPA was stronger for adolescents from high‐SES families than those from low‐SES families.ConclusionIt is imperative for researchers to conceptualize familism and operationalize the construct clearly. The effect of differences in family context and gender role expectation also needs to be considered in examining the association between familism and the academic outcomes of adolescents from immigrant families.
Longitudinal study of hearing loss and subjective cognitive function decline in men
Authors: Curhan Sharon G. , Willett Walter C. , Grodstein Francine , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the relation between self‐reported hearing loss, hearing aid use, and risk of subjective cognitive function (SCF) decline.MethodsWe conducted an 8‐year (2008–2016) longitudinal study of 10,107 men aged ≥62 years who reported their hearing status in 2006 and had no subjective cognitive concerns in 2008. Change in SCF scores was assessed by a 6‐item questionnaire, and subjective decline was defined as new report of at least one SCF concern during follow‐up.ResultsHearing loss was associated with higher risk of SCF decline. Compared with no hearing loss, the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk (95% CI) of incident SCF decline was 1.30 (1.18, 1.42), 1.42 (1.26, 1.61), and 1.54 (1.22, 1.96) among men with mild, moderate, and severe hearing loss (no hearing aids), respectively (P‐trend < .001). Among men with severe hearing loss who used hearing aids, the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk (95% CI) was 1.37 (1.18, 1.60).DiscussionHearing loss was associated with substantially higher risk of subsequent subjective cognitive decline in men.
Calving controlled by melt-under-cutting: detailed calving styles revealed through time-lapse observations
Authors: How Penelope , Schild Kristin M. , Benn Douglas I. , Noormets Riko , Kirchner Nina , Luckman Adrian , Vallot Dorothée , Hulton Nicholas R. J. , Borstad Chris 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a highly detailed study of calving dynamics at Tunabreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard. A time-lapse camera was trained on the terminus and programmed to capture images every 3 seconds over a 28-hour period in August 2015, producing a highly detailed record of 34 117 images from which 358 individual calving events were distinguished. Calving activity is characterised by frequent events (12.8 events h−1) that are small relative to the spectrum of calving events observed, demonstrating the prevalence of small-scale calving mechanisms. Five calving styles were observed, with a high proportion of calving events (82%) originating at, or above, the waterline. The tidal cycle plays a key role in the timing of calving events, with 68% occurring on the falling limb of the tide. Calving activity is concentrated where meltwater plumes surface at the glacier front, and a ~ 5 m undercut at the base of the glacier suggests that meltwater plumes encourage melt-under-cutting. We conclude that frontal ablation at Tunabreen may be paced by submarine melt rates, as suggested from similar observations at glaciers in Svalbard and Alaska. Using submarine melt rate to calculate frontal ablation would greatly simplify estimations of tidewater glacier losses in prognostic models.
More Seriously Wrong, More Importantly Right
Authors: HURKA THOMAS 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCommonsense morality divides acts into those that are right and those that are wrong, but it thinks some wrong acts are more seriously wrong than others, for example, murder than breaking a promise. This has several implications. If an act is more seriously wrong, you should feel more guilt about it and, other things equal, you are more blameworthy for it and can deserve more punishment; we may also need to consider serious wrongness when choosing in conditions of risk or moral uncertainty. This paper examines how one act can be more seriously wrong than another, and, when it is, what makes this so. More specifically, it considers a number of different views about the ground of serious wrongness and explores the possibility that this may be different when acts violate deontological versus consequentialist duties. It also asks whether there is a parallel concept that admits of degrees on the side of rightness, one of being, as we can say, more importantly right. It aims to expand the scope of deontic theory from binary questions about right versus wrong to ones whose answers admit of degrees.
Palliative and end-of-life care education in Canadian emergency medicine residency programs: A national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Baylis Jared , Harris Devin R. , Chen Charlie , Ting Daniel K. , Clark Kevin , Kwan Anthony , Crawford Skye , Williscroft David 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency physicians play an important role in providing care at the end-of-life as well as identifying patients who may benefit from a palliative approach. Several studies have shown that emergency medicine (EM) residents desire further training in palliative care. We performed a national cross-sectional survey of EM program directors. Our primary objective was to describe the number of Canadian postgraduate EM training programs with palliative and end-of-life care curricula.MethodsA 15-question survey in English and French was sent by email to all program directors of both the Canadian College of Family Physicians emergency medicine (CCFP(EM)) and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada emergency medicine (RCPSC-EM) postgraduate training programs countrywide using FluidSurveys™ with a modified Dillman approach.ResultsWe received a total of 26 responses from the 36 (response rate = 72.2%) EM postgraduate programs in Canada. Ten out of 26 (38.5%) programs had a structured educational program pertaining to palliative and end-of-life care. Lectures or seminars were the exclusive choice to teach content. Clinical palliative medicine rotations were mandatory in one out of 26 (3.8%) programs. The top two barriers to implementation of palliative and end-of-life care curricula were lack of time (84.6%) and curriculum development concerns (80.8%).ConclusionsPalliative and end-of-life care training within EM has been identified as an area of need. This cross-sectional survey demonstrates that a minority of Canadian EM programs have palliative and end-of-life care curricula. It will be important for all EM training programs, RCPSC-EM and CCFP(EM), in Canada, to develop an agreed upon set of competencies and to structure their curricula around them.
The Mental Health Impact of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and Florida
Authors: Scaramutti Carolina , Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Vos Saskia R. , Schwartz Seth J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of Hurricane Maria on internalizing and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among Puerto Ricans who moved to Florida after the storm versus those who stayed on the island.MethodsIn March through April 2018 (6 months after Hurricane Maria), an online survey was used to assess the effects of the storm on mental health. A sample of 213 displaced Puerto Ricans living in urban and rural/suburban areas in Florida, as well as urban and rural areas of Puerto Rico, participated in the study.ResultsRates of PTSD were high in both sites (Florida, 65.7%; Puerto Rico, 43.6%); however, participants in Florida were far more likely than those in Puerto Rico to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.67-5.26). Among participants in both Florida and Puerto Rico, those living in urban areas were more likely than those in rural/suburban areas to meet criteria for PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder.ConclusionsResults suggest that post-Hurricane Maria adjustment and adaptation may have been more psychologically taxing for Puerto Ricans who moved to Florida than it was for those who remained on the island, and more difficult for those in urban areas than it was for those in suburban or rural areas. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:24–27)
GAMES AND RAMSEY-LIKE CARDINALS
Authors: NIELSEN DAN SAATTRUP , WELCH PHILIP 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe generalise the α-Ramsey cardinals introduced in Holy and Schlicht (2018) for cardinals α to arbitrary ordinals α, and answer several questions posed in that paper. In particular, we show that α-Ramseys are downwards absolute to the core model K for all α of uncountable cofinality, that strategic ω-Ramsey cardinals are equiconsistent with remarkable cardinals and that strategic α-Ramsey cardinals are equiconsistent with measurable cardinals for all α > ω. We also show that the n-Ramseys satisfy indescribability properties and use them to provide a game-theoretic characterisation of completely ineffable cardinals, as well as establishing further connections between the α-Ramsey cardinals and the Ramsey-like cardinals introduced in Gitman (2011), Feng (1990), and Sharpe and Welch (2011).
Coarse fundamental groups and box spaces
Authors: Delabie Thiebout , Khukhro Ana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use a coarse version of the fundamental group first introduced by Barcelo, Kramer, Laubenbacher and Weaver to show that box spaces of finitely presented groups detect the normal subgroups used to construct the box space, up to isomorphism. As a consequence, we have that two finitely presented groups admit coarsely equivalent box spaces if and only if they are commensurable via normal subgroups. We also provide an example of two filtrations (Ni) and (Mi) of a free groupFsuch thatMi > Nifor alliwith [Mi:Ni] uniformly bounded, but with$\squ _{(N_i)}F$not coarsely equivalent to$\squ _{(M_i)}F$. Finally, we give some applications of the main theorem for rank gradient and the first ℓ2Betti number, and show that the main theorem can be used to construct infinitely many coarse equivalence classes of box spaces with various properties.
Hausdorff operators on holomorphic Hardy spaces and applications
Authors: Hung Ha Duy , Ky Luong Dang , Quang Thai Thuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to characterize the non-negative functions φ defined on (0,∞) for which the Hausdorff operator
$${\rm {\cal H}}_\varphi f(z) = \int_0^\infty f \left( {\displaystyle{z \over t}} \right)\displaystyle{{\varphi (t)} \over t}{\rm d}t$$is bounded on the Hardy spaces of the upper half-plane ${\rm {\cal H}}_a^p ({\open C}_ + )$, $p\in [1,\infty ]$. The corresponding operator norms and their applications are also given.