bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of long noncoding RNA PVT1 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer via upregulation of microRNA-214-3p
Authors: Shang An-Quan , Wang Wei-Wei , Yang Yi-Bao , Gu Chen-Zheng , Ji Ping , Chen Chen , Zeng Bing-Jie , Wu Jun-Lu , Lu Wen-Ying , Sun Zu-Jun , Li Dong 
Published: May 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the occurrence and tumorigenesis of numerous malignant cancers. Microarray expression profiles were used to screen colorectal cancer (CRC)-related differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs, which revealed that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) were highly expressed in CRC. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of lncRNA PVT1 in CRC. Subcellular localization detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization identified that lncRNA PVT1 was primarily located in the cytoplasm. The interaction between lncRNA PVT1 and microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) and IRS1 was predicted using the RNA22 website. Next the dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified lncRNA PVT1 to be a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) against miR-214-3p, and IRS1 was found to be a target of miR-214-3p. The expression pattern of lncRNA PVT1, miR-214-3p, IRS1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt was characterized in response to lncRNA PVT1 silencing or miR-214-3p upregulation. Meanwhile, their regulatory effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected in CRC cells. With increased levels of miR-214-3p and decreased levels of lncRNA PVT1 in CRC cells, the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, putative (PI3K) and Akt was reduced, and consequently, the cell apoptosis was stimulated and cell proliferation and invasion were suppressed. All in all, lncRNA PVT1 competitively binds to miR-214-3p to upregulate the expression of IRS1 thus activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus accelerating CRC progression. This study suggests that lncRNA PVT1 might be a potential target of therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study mainly suggests that long noncoding (lnc)RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a downregulated lncRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC), accelerating CRC progression. Strikingly, lncRNA PVT1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA against microRNA (miR)-214-3p, whereas miR-214-3p targets insulin receptor substrate 1, which draws a comprehensive picture of the potential molecular mechanisms of lncRNA PVT1 in CRC.
Pericyte constriction underlies capillary derecruitment during hyperemia in the setting of arterial stenosis
Authors: Methner Carmen , Mishra Anusha , Golgotiu Kirsti , Li Yuandong , Wei Wei , Yanez N. David , Zlokovic Berislav , Wang Ruikang K. , Alkayed Nabil J. , Kaul Sanjiv , Iliff Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2019

Capillary derecruitment distal to a coronary stenosis is implicated as the mechanism of reversible perfusion defect and potential myocardial ischemia during coronary hyperemia; however, the underlying mechanisms are not defined. We tested whether pericyte constriction underlies capillary derecruitment during hyperemia under conditions of stenosis. In vivo two-photon microscopy (2PM) and optical microangiography (OMAG) were used to measure hyperemia-induced changes in capillary diameter and perfusion in wild-type and pericyte-depleted mice with femoral artery stenosis. OMAG demonstrated that hyperemic challenge under stenosis produced capillary derecruitment associated with decreased RBC flux. 2PM demonstrated that hyperemia under control conditions induces 26 ± 5% of capillaries to dilate and 19 ± 3% to constrict. After stenosis, the proportion of capillaries dilating to hyperemia decreased to 14 ± 4% ( P = 0.05), whereas proportion of constricting capillaries increased to 32 ± 4% ( P = 0.05). Hyperemia-induced changes in capillary diameter occurred preferentially in capillary segments invested with pericytes. In a transgenic mouse model featuring partial pericyte depletion, only 14 ± 3% of capillaries constricted to hyperemic challenge after stenosis, a significant reduction from 33 ± 4% in wild-type littermate controls ( P = 0.04). These results provide for the first time direct visualization of hyperemia-induced capillary derecruitment distal to arterial stenosis and demonstrate that pericyte constriction underlies this phenomenon in vivo. These results could have important therapeutic implications in the treatment of exercise-induced ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the setting of coronary arterial stenosis, hyperemia produces a reversible perfusion defect resulting from capillary derecruitment that is believed to underlie cardiac ischemia under hyperemic conditions. We use optical microangiography and in vivo two-photon microscopy to visualize capillary derecruitment distal to a femoral arterial stenosis with cellular resolution. We demonstrate that capillary constriction in response to hyperemia in the setting of stenosis is dependent on pericytes, contractile mural cells investing the microcirculation.
Effect of Activation Wavefront on Electrogram Characteristics During Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Martin Claire A. , Martin Ruairidh , Maury Philippe , Meyer Christian , Wong Tom , Dallet Corentin , Shi Rui , Gajendragadkar Parag , Takigawa Masateru , Frontera Antonio , Cheniti Ghassen , Thompson Nathaniel , Kitamura Takeshi , Vlachos Konstantinos , Wolf Michael , Bourier Felix , Lam Anna , Duchâteau Josselin , Massoullié Grégoire , Pambrun Thomas , Denis Arnaud , Derval Nicolas , Dubois Rémi , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre , Sacher Frédéric 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in structural heart disease is challenging because of noninducibility or hemodynamic compromise. Ablation often depends on elimination of local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs) but which may be hidden in far-field signal. We investigated whether altering activation wavefront affects activation timing and LAVA characterization and allows a better understanding of isthmus anatomy.

Methods:
Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent mapping using the ultra-high density Rhythmia system (Boston Scientific). Maps were generated for all stable VTs and with pacing from the atrium, right ventricular apex, and an left ventricular branch of the coronary sinus.

Results:

Fifty-six paced maps and 23 VT circuits were mapped in 22 patients. In 79% of activation maps, there was ≥1 line of block in the paced conduction wavefront, with 93% having fixed block and 32% showing functional partial block. Bipolar scar was larger with atrial than right ventricular (31.7±18.5 versus 27.6±16.3 cm
2
,
P
=0.003) or left ventricular pacing (31.7±18.5 versus 27.0±19.2 cm
2
,
P
=0.009); LAVA areas were smaller with atrial than right ventricular (12.3±10.5 versus 18.4±11.0 cm
2
,
P
<0.001) or left ventricular pacing (12.3±10.5 versus 17.1±10.7 cm
2
,
P
<0.001). LAVA areas were larger with wavefront propagation perpendicular versus parallel to the line of block along isthmus boundaries (19.3±7.1 versus 13.6±7.4 cm
2
,
P
=0.01). All patients had successful VT isthmus ablation. In 11±8 months follow-up, 2 patients had a recurrence.

Conclusions:
Wavefronts of conduction slowing/block may aid identification of critical isthmuses in unmappable VTs. Altering the activation wavefront leads to significant differences in conduction properties of myocardial tissue, along with scar and LAVA characterization. In patients where few LAVAs are identified during substrate mapping, using an alternate activation wavefront running perpendicular to the VT isthmus may increase sensitivity to detect arrhythmogenic substrate and critical sites for reentry.
Artificial Optic Flow Guides Visual Attention in a Driving Scene
Authors: Higuchi Yoko , Inoue Satoshi , Hamada Hiroto , Kumada Takatsune 
Published: May 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether an artificial optic flow created by dot motion guides attention in a driving scene. Background To achieve safe driving, it is essential to understand the characteristics of human visual information processing as well as to provide appropriate support for drivers. Past research has demonstrated that expanding optic flow guides visual attention to the focus of expansion. Optic flow is an attractive candidate for use as a cue to direct drivers’ attention toward the significant information. The question addressed concerns whether an artificial optic flow can successfully guide attention even in a traffic situation involving the optic flow that naturally occurs while driving. Method We developed a visual search paradigm embedded in a video of a driving scene. Participants first observed an optic flow motion pattern superimposed on the video for brief period; next, when the optic flow and video ceased, they searched a static display for a target among multiple distractors. Results The target detection was faster when a target’s locus coincided with the implied focus of expansion from the preceding optic flow (vs. other loci). Conclusion The artificial optic flow guides attention and facilitates searching objects at the focus of expansion even when the optic flow was superimposed on a driving scene. Application Optic flow can be an effective cue for guiding drivers’ attention in a traffic situation. This finding contributes to the understanding of visual attention in moving space and helps develop technology for traffic safety.
Benefit–Cost Analysis of an Innovative Program for Self-Sufficiency and Homeownership
Authors: Galster George C. , Santiago Anna Maria , Smith Richard J. , Leroux Joffre 
Published: May 2019

Background: Federal policy has increasingly sought to build financial capability, earnings, and assets of subsidized housing recipients. Objective: We conduct a benefit–cost analysis of the Denver Housing Authority’s (DHA) innovative Home Ownership Program (HOP), which incentivizes participants to increase earnings, build wealth, and purchase homes. Research design, subjects, and measures: In assessing HOP participant benefits (earnings, home-buying, and positive exits from DHA), we use parameter estimates from quasi-experimental methods (i.e., propensity score matching) that permit drawing causal inferences of program impacts. Impact estimates are robust to alternate model specification and mostly insensitive to omitted variable bias found in the social sciences. We deploy a comprehensive accounting framework, distinguishing benefits and costs accruing to program participants, nonparticipants (other citizens, taxpayers, and governments), and society as a whole. We use Monte Carlo simulation techniques to approximate distributions of benefit and cost parameters, thereby ascertaining how reliably participation in HOP yielded net benefits compared to if families had continued to receive housing assistance during the same period. Results: We estimate a net social benefit from HOP of US$6,015 per participant. The simulated standard deviation was only a third of this value and 99.9% of simulations returned positive net social benefits. Conclusion: We conclude with a high degree of statistical confidence that HOP produced substantial net benefits to society as a whole, program participants, and nonparticipants alike. HOP offers strong potential for poverty alleviation among housing subsidy recipients and should be replicated.
Topical treatment of acne vulgaris: efficiency, side effects, and adherence rate
Authors: Sevimli Dikicier B 
Published: May 2019

Objective Adherence is a problem in the topical treatment of acne. This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of current topical treatment and adherence in patients. Methods Patients with acne vulgaris who had recently been prescribed a topical therapy were selected. A dermatologist-directed questionnaire was completed. Demographic data, acne severity, treatment and the manner of use, side effects, and reason for discontinuation were recorded. Results A total 250 patients were included, 178 female (71.2%) and 72 male (28.8%) participants, mean age was 18.6 ± 2.8 years. Of 250 patients, 114 (45.6%) had given up therapy for two reasons: unresponsiveness in 71 (62.3%) and side effects in 43 (37.7%) patients. For antibacterial treatments, the rate of unresponsiveness was higher but the rate of side effects was lower. Discontinuation owing to unresponsiveness was higher in patients with severe acne. Side effects were higher in patients with comedonal-type acne. The lowest rates of side effects and discontinuation were among every-other-night users. Conclusion In this study, patients with acne gave up treatment owing to side effects and unresponsiveness, which reduced the treatment efficiency.
Clinical features and management of painless biliary type sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Authors: Miyatani Hiroyuki , Mashima Hirosato , Sekine Masanari , Matsumoto Satohiro 
Published: May 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to clarify the characteristics and management of painless biliary type sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). Methods From June 2002 to July 2018, 12 patients who had recurrent liver dysfunction with a dilated bile duct or acute cholestasis of unknown cause without biliary pain (painless SOD) were included in this study. These patients’ characteristics were compared with those of 36 patients with biliary type SOD based on the conventional definition (criteria-based SOD). Results Patients with painless SOD had significantly more prominent bile duct dilation than patients with criteria-based SOD (13.9 vs. 12.2 mm, respectively). Prophylactic biliary drainage was performed significantly more often in patients with painless SOD than criteria-based SOD (67% vs. 11%, respectively). The short-term effectiveness rate of endoscopic sphincterotomy, the symptom recurrence rate, and the incidence of adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Painless SOD is a specific subtype of biliary SOD that causes recurring liver dysfunction or acute cholestasis without biliary pain. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was effective in the present study, but the relapse rate was as high as that in typical SOD.
Effects of Hip Arthroscopy Without a Perineal Post on Venous Blood Flow, Muscle Damage, Peripheral Nerve Conduction, and Perineal Injury: A Prospective Study
Authors: Welton K. Linnea , Garabekyan Tigran , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Vogel-Abernathie Laura A. , Raible Daniel , Goodrich Jesse A. , Mei-Dan Omer 
Published: May 2019

Background: Prior reports of hip arthroscopy using a perineal post have established the risks of groin soft tissue injury, sexual dysfunction, and altered lower extremity neurovascular function. These parameters have not been investigated for hip arthroscopy without the use of a perineal post. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of postless hip arthroscopy on lower extremity venous blood flow, nerve conduction, muscle tissue damage, and perineal injury. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients between the ages of 18 and 50 years undergoing an elective unilateral or simultaneous bilateral hip arthroscopy were enrolled. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)–MM levels and D-dimer levels were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 7 to 12 days postoperatively. Bilateral Doppler ultrasonography of the common femoral vein (CFV) and popliteal vein were conducted intraoperatively. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) were measured intraoperatively for the lower limbs. Perineal injury was assessed at 7 to 12 days postoperatively. Results: 35 patients underwent a total of 40 hip arthroscopies. No significant differences were found in venous blood flow between the operative and nonoperative legs for either the CFV or popliteal vein. SSEP monitoring of the peroneal nerve showed no significant reduction when traction was applied to the operative leg, 90.8%, compared with final measurement just before it was removed, 72.4% ( P = .09). For TcMEPs measured in the muscles outside of the traction boots, no significant changes were seen in the percentage of cases with abnormal measurements throughout the procedure. CPK-MM levels preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 7 to 12 days after surgery were on average 112, 190, and 102 IU/L, respectively (normal, <156 IU/L). No significant relationship was found between abnormal venous flow and altered D-dimer levels. No clinical evidence of nerve or vascular injury was encountered, and no groin soft tissue complications were observed during the study period. Conclusion: Postless hip arthroscopy is safe, without a notable reduction of venous blood flow or alteration of nerve function in the operative leg. Muscle tissue damage is subclinical, transient, and reduced compared with distraction with a post. No cases of perineal injury were observed during the study period.
The Concentration of Plasma Provides Additional Bioactive Proteins in Platelet and Autologous Protein Solutions
Authors: Muir Sean M. , Reisbig Natalie , Baria Michael , Kaeding Christopher , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: May 2019

Background:Currently, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) is a discarded waste product of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and may contain valuable proteins.Purpose/Hypothesis:The study’s goal was to evaluate the concentration of plasma as a potential additive biotherapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that a novel polyacrylamide concentration device would efficiently concentrate insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) from PPP and be additive to PRP or autologous protein solution (APS).Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:A laboratory study was conducted with human and equine whole blood from healthy volunteers/donors. Fresh samples of blood and plasma were processed and characterized for platelet, white blood cell, and growth factor/cytokine content and then quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for IGF-1, transforming growth factor–β, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as representatives of cartilage anabolic and inflammatory mediators.Results:A potent cartilage anabolic protein, IGF-1, was significantly concentrated by the polyacrylamide concentration device in both human and equine PPP. The polyacrylamide device also substantially increased plasma proteins over whole blood, most dramatically key proteins relevant to the treatment of osteoarthritis, including transforming growth factor–β (29-fold over blood) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (70-fold over plasma).Conclusion:Concentrated PPP is a unique source for biologically relevant concentrations of IGF-1. PRP and APS can produce greater concentrations of other anabolic and anti-inflammatory proteins not found in plasma.Clinical Relevance:The polyacrylamide device efficiently concentrated PPP to create a unique source of IGF-1 that may supplement orthopaedic biologic therapies.
Four-year follow-up of two patients on maintenance therapy with fondaparinux and mycophenolate mofetil for microthrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Baron B W , Baron J M 
Published: May 2019

Objectives We discuss two patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who presented with critical ischemia of both lower extremities due to arterial microthrombi. They received multimodality therapy emergently: anticoagulation, immunosuppression, and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Then they were maintained on anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and were followed for 4 years. Methods Two patients with APS with ischemia and necrosis of their distal lower extremities were treated emergently with anticoagulation (intravenous heparin), immunosuppression (prednisone), and TPE. They were maintained on anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with MMF. Results Neither patient had recurrent microthrombotic disease during a 4-year follow-up. Conclusions As described in our small cohort, patients with APS who suffer from microthrombotic arterial disease may benefit from maintenance therapy of anticoagulation with fondaparinux and immunosuppression with MMF, an approach which may be worthy of further trial. Fondaparinux does not require attention to diet, monitoring, and cumbersome bridging that is typical of warfarin therapy. MMF provides immunosuppression while sparing the side effects of steroid treatment.
Improving Advanced Care Planning through Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Expansion across the United States: Lessons Learned from State-Based Developments
Authors: Mack Deborah S. , Dosa David 
Published: May 2019

Background: The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Paradigm is an effective advance care planning tool. However, barriers to implementation persist. In the United States, POLST program development occurs at the state-level. Substantial differences between states has left POLST implementation largely unstandardized. No peer-reviewed studies to date have evaluated state-based POLST program development over time. Objective: To assess and learn from the successes and barriers in state-based POLST program development over time to improve the reach of POLST or similar programs across the United States. Design: An exploratory, prospective cohort study that utilized semistructured telephone interviews was conducted over a 3-year period (2012-2015). Stakeholder representatives from state POLST coalitions (n = 14) were repeatedly queried on time-relevant successes, barriers, and innovations during POLST program development with levels of legislative and medical barriers rated 1 to 10. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using techniques grounded in qualitative theory. Results: All coalition representatives reported continuous POLST expansion with improved outreach and community partnerships. Significant barriers to expansion included difficulty in securing funding for training and infrastructure, lack of statewide metric systems to adequately assess expansion, lack of provider support, and legislative concerns. Medical barriers (mean [standard deviation]: 5.0 [0.2]) were rated higher than legislative (3.0 [0.6]; P < .001). Conclusion: POLST programs continue to grow, but not without barriers. Based on the experiences of developing coalitions, we were able to identify strategies to expand POLST programs and overcome barriers. Ultimately the “lessons learned” in this study can serve as a guide to improve the reach of POLST or similar programs.