bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohort study protocol: Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID)
Authors: Shallcross Laura J. , Mentzer Alexander , Rahman Saadia , Cooke Graham S. , Sriskandan Shiranee , Noursadeghi Mahdad 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Infectious diseases have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in hospital. Microbial diagnosis remains elusive for most cases of suspected infection which impacts on the use of antibiotics. Rapid advances in genomic technologies combined with high-quality phenotypic data have great potential to improve the diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases. The aim of the Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID) is to provide a platform for biomarker discovery, trials and clinical service developments in the field of infectious diseases, by establishing a registry linking clinical phenotype to microbial and biological samples in adult patients who attend hospital with suspected infection. Methods and analysis: BioAID is a cohort study which employs deferred consent to obtain an additional 2.5mL RNA blood sample from patients who attend the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected infection when they undergo peripheral blood culture sampling. Clinical data and additional biological samples including DNA, serum and microbial isolates are obtained from BioAID participants during hospital admission. Participants are also asked to consent to be recalled for future studies. BioAID aims to recruit 10,000 patients from 5-8 sites across England. Since February 2014 >4000 individuals have been recruited to the study. The final cohort will be characterised using descriptive statistics including information on the number of cases that can be linked to biological and microbial samples to support future research studies. Ethical approval and section 251 exemption have been obtained for BioAID researchers to seek deferred consent from patients from whom a RNA specimen has been collected. Samples and meta-data obtained through BioAID will be made available to researchers worldwide following submission of an application form and research protocol. Conclusions: BioAID will support a range of study designs spanning discovery science, biomarker validation, disease pathogenesis and epidemiological analyses of clinical infection syndromes.
Assessing knowledge of wound care among cardiothoracic nurses
Authors: Moran Nicola , Byrne Gobnait 
Published: August 2018

Aims: to explore cardiothoracic nurses' knowledge and self-reported competence of wound care following cardiac surgery and to ascertain if there were any differences in knowledge between nurses working in public and private hospitals. Background: cardiothoracic nurses are the main providers of wound care for patients post cardiac surgery, however, there is a lack of research about their knowledge of wound care. Design: a descriptive, quantitative design was used in the form of a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire. Method: the questionnaire was developed to ascertain nurses' knowledge of cardiac wound management. Census sampling was used and the questionnaire was distributed to 503 nurses in 6 hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. Total knowledge scores were calculated and data analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the response rate was 31.2% (n=158). The main knowledge deficits identified were wound healing, the signs and symptoms of surgical site infection and cardiac-specific wound care. Some nurses reported using inappropriate products for cleansing wounds and variable time for initial postoperative dressing removal. Conclusion: the combination of low total knowledge scores and requests for further training and education suggest the need for ongoing wound care education. Audit of the use of wound cleansing products, support bras and wound assessment charts is recommended.
Polytype Identification in Trioctahedral 1:1 Layer Silicates Using Electron Diffraction with Application to a Chronstedtite That was Synthesized Using Metallic Iron-Clay Interactions
Authors: Hybler Jiří , Klementová Mariana , Jarošová Markéta , Pignatelli Isabella , Mosser-Ruck Régine , Ďurovič Slavomil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study presents a generalized procedure to accurately identify trioctahedral 1:1 layer silicates. The reciprocal space (RS) sections were obtained by the precession method by “unwarping” frames that were recorded using diffractometers with area detectors or from electron diffraction tomography (EDT) patterns. Distributions of subfamily reflections along the reciprocal lattice rows [21̄l]* / [11l]* / [1̄2l]* in (2hh̄lhex)* / (hhlhex)* / (h̄2hlhex)* RS planes were used to determine OD (Ordered — Disordered) subfamilies (Bailey’s groups A, B, C, D). The distributions along the [10l]* / [01l]* / [1̄1l]* rows in the (h0lhex)* / (0klhex)* / (h̄hlhex) RS planes allow determination of the polytypes. The use of traditional identification diagrams for the determination of OD subfamilies and polytypes was generalized in order to identify monoclinic and orthorhombic MDO (Maximum Degree of Order) polytypes. In these polytypes, the distribution of characteristic reflections along rows is different in RS sections that are perpendicular and diagonal to the symmetry plane of the polytype. The identification diagram of non-MDO polytype 6T2 is also presented. The method was applied to the identification of single crystals of cronstedtite that were synthesized during interactions of Fe metal with a natural claystone during experiments over a temperature range of 90-60°C. Conical and pyramidal crystals with a maximum size of a few micrometers were studied using electron diffraction tomography (EDT). The following polytypes were identified: 1M, 2M1, an apparently ninetuple polytype that was interpreted as triclinic 3A (group A), 1T (group C), and disordered crystals of group D. The 1M polytype was the most abundant. Some 1M crystals were twinned by reticular merohedry with a 120° rotation along the chex axis as the twin operation. The 2M1 occurred as isolated crystals as well as in mixed crystals. Intergrown 1T and 1M polytypes of the C and A group, respectively, were identified in one mixed crystal. The possible stacking sequence and the 3A polytype identification diagram was presented and discussed. Example RS sections of all polytypes were identified and demonstrated.
Iron-Pillared Montmorillonite As An Inexpensive Catalyst For 2-Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Wu Honghai , Song Zhenhao , Lv Meixiang , Zhao Dan , He Guangping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany types of oxidative pollutants are dangerous chemicals and may pose a health risk, but an inexpensive and effective method for mitigating those risks would offer significant advantages. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the potential for Fe-pillared montmorillonite to fill that gap. Surface mediated reduction reactions by ferrous species often play an important role in governing the transport, transformation, and fate of hazardous oxidative contaminants. Compared to the untreated montmorillonite (Mnt), the synthetic polyhydroxyl-Fe pillared montmorillonite (Fe-Mnt) was found to be somewhat similar to goethite in promoting the ability of specifically adsorbed Fe(II) to reductively transform 2-nitrophenol (2-NP). The 2-NP was efficiently removed within 30 min from solutions at the optimum neutral pH in a mixed reduction system of Fe(II)/Fe-Mnt under an anoxic atmosphere. This demonstrated that the specifically adsorbed Fe(II) of Fe-Mnt can enhance 2-NP reduction. The highly enhanced 2-NP reduction by Fe(II) through Fe-Mnt surface catalysis can, therefore, be ascribed to clearly increased amounts of an adsorbed Fe(II) species surface complex, which gave rise to enhanced Fe(II) reductive activity that enabled the rapid reduction of 2-NP. The reduction processes produced a faster transformation of 2-NP in a Fe-Mnt suspension than in a Mnt suspension. The transformation kinetics were described using pseudo-first-order rate equations. Moreover, in addition to the effects of mineral surface properties, the interactions were affected by the aqueous chemistry, and the removal rates of 2-NP were increased at pHs of 6.0–7.3. In the present study, the structure and surface reactivity of Fe-Mnt was characterized in depth. The polyhydroxyl-Fe added to Mnt and the pH were determined to be the two key controlling factors to mediate the reductive transformation of 2-NP in the presence of Fe-Mnt in comparison to goethite and Mnt. Finally, the catalysis mechanism responsible for the enhanced 2-NP reduction by Fe(II) was elucidated using cyclic voltammetry.
Pemodelan Sistem Kontrol Exhaust Fan Ter-Integrasi Gas Detector CO Pada Kamar Pompa (Pump Room) Kapal Tanker
Authors: Ferdiansyah Indra , Dirhamsyah D , Ardiansyah A 
Published: August 2018

Udara bersih dalam sebuah ruangan tertutup menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan. Terutama terhadap aktifitas yang akan dilakukan di dalam ruangan tersebut. Seperti halnya dalam sebuah kamar pompa pada kapal tanker minyak perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Pompa yang digunakan untuk memidahkan cairan ke suatu tempat tertentu yang memungkinkan terjadi kebocoran sehingga mengakibatkan udara dalam ruangan tersebut terkomtaminasi kandungan gas yang membahayakan. Exhaust fan dengan type ceiling mount menjadi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan sirkulasi udara bersih dengan membuang udara kotor dalam ruangan tersebut. Dengan mengintegrasikan sebuah sensor gas TGS 2600 menjadikan sistem ini sebagai alat bantu keamanan untuk orang yang melakukan aktifitas didalam ruangan kamar pompa. Prinsip kerja dari sistem ini, ketika sensor gas mendeteksi kandungana gas berbahaya maka akan mengintrusikan kontroler untuk menyalakan exhaust fan dan lampu indikator sebagai visualisai keadaan kandungan gas didalam ruangan, semakin tinggi kandungan gasnya semakin terang nyala lampunya sedangkana apabila kandungan gas sudah hilang maka lampu akan redup dan exhaust fan akan mati begitu seterusnya dilakukan secara kontinyu.
Überwundern – überwilden
Authors: Müller Jan-Dirk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The poetical theory of Konrad von Würzburg very often is regarded as a medieval anticipation of modern aesthetics. The article, however, tries to describe in an analysis of the ›Goldene Schmiede‹ and the ›Trojanerkrieg‹ how Konrad in fact goes beyond the poetics and rhetorics of his time, but that he still presupposes that aesthetic values are inferior to religious and moral norms.
Changing activity in the construction sector in selected states 2003-2012
Authors: Wolski Rafał , Załęczna Magdalena 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Construction companies are important economic actors in every country. Their activity translates into employment levels, tax revenues, and the provision of new spaces that require further expenditure on equipment, thus stimulating consumer spending. The activity of construction companies depends on the demand for space, the state of the economy and the financial market. Undoubtedly economic disturbances in the form of a recession have a significant impact on construction activity. The authors were interested in whether the boom and recession in the selected countries were similarly reflected in the activity of construction companies. In particular, they were interested in residential construction activity, although it was not possible to select companies that would only deal with residential construction. The authors selected four post-socialist countries and two countries which are called winners of the integration process due to their enormous economic growth. The authors outline the residential construction and construction sector results and activity in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Spain and Ireland, and draw a wider picture for analyses of construction companies’ financial results for the years 2003-2012. This period was chosen because it covered periods of both boom and bust. All enterprises were part of the sector denoted in the Amadeus database as primary code: Eurostat NACE Rev. 2 with codes: 41 - Construction of buildings: 4110 - Development of building projects, 4120 - Construction of residential and non-residential buildings. Due to the specificity of the construction sector the authors divided the surveyed enterprises into two groups – all companies; and only large and very large companies. It was not possible to separate data specifically with respect to residential construction companies.
Trade credit: a benefit to get, a “must” to give? Motives behind trade credit use in Poland
Authors: Ciżkowicz-Pękała Magda 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper analyses the motives behind trade use credit in the Polish enterprise sector, based on the results of the 2016 NBP Annual Survey. It verifies the conclusions stemming from trade credit theories regarding both the main motives driving supply and demand for trade credit, as well as explaining the variation in their relevance across companies. The analysis shows that trade credit supply in Poland is driven to a large extent by suppliers’ desire to win and maintain their customers: allowing deferred payments creates attractive terms of sale and is often a requirement set by clients with strong bargaining power. These results indicate high willingness of customers to settle their payments on a deferred basis, which could mirror an important fact uncovered by the survey: contrary to the assumptions made in many theories, trade credit proves to be a relatively cheap form of financing for the majority of the surveyed firms. As a consequence, trade credit could be perceived by firms as an attractive, standard tool used in day-to-day business rather than an expensive form of financing used only to address specific problems or achieve other benefits that would outweigh its high costs. Survey results provide some confirmation for this explanation of trade credit demand.
Threshold Theory – modelling risk attitude
Authors: Kasprowicz Tomasz , Bednorz Andrzej 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper we offer an alternative framework for examining why risk matters in the decisions of economic agents, and how the agent’s risk attitude affects his decisions. This “Threshold Theory” framework is based on a real options approach and the observation that in many situations an agent faces one or more thresholds in the payoff function. These thresholds influence the agent’s risk attitude. The theory’s predictions help to explain many anomalies that the standard expected utility model cannot. Threshold Theory can also model behavior in contexts such as individual investor decisions, corporate governance and other agency problems. Further, we examine CEO decisions as a function of time to the CEO’s retirement to test predictions of the Theory.
Effect of the presence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate of lead during the exposition with paper packaging materials
Authors: Strachotová K. Ch. , Kouřil M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
High sensitivity of lead to organic compounds leads to degradation of historical lead objects stored in the depositories of museums or archives. High concentration of organic compounds in the atmosphere of depositories is caused by degradation of organic materials (wood, glue, leather, paper). Organic materials are stored together with lead objects or they are used as a packaging material. This study was aimed on the influence of packaging material properties to aggressiveness towards lead with different state of surface by the resistometric method. The results showed that aggressiveness of packaging material is determined by a complex influence of material properties. The presence of corrosion products on the lead surface significantly increases its sensitivity to organic compounds.
Missing men, missing infertility: The enactment of sex/gender in surveys in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Fledderjohann Jasmine , Roberts Celia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Although reproduction involves (at least) two sexed bodies, men are often missing from in/fertility research. Surveys such as the widely-used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) engage in often unintentional yet highly consequential practices of gendering. Here we identify two processes through which surveys have the potential to render male infertility invisible: defining the population at risk of infertility in an exclusionary way; and designing survey instruments to select out some groups/issues. Compiling information about survey samples and inclusion criteria in the DHS, and combining this with a qualitative examination of instrument design, we identify areas of men’s invisibility across time and place. While inclusion of men in DHS samples has increased over time, some men (e.g. single and divorced, transgender) remain missing in many survey settings. This is problematic from a reproductive justice perspective. Survey results, which both reflect and contribute to men’s invisibility, are widely used as an evidence-base for family and population policies. Moreover, reproductive health services are only made available to those whose reproductive health needs are recognized; men’s exclusion from the reproductive discourse contributes to the stratification of reproduction. Men’s underrepresentation in in/fertility data also reinforces the notion that reproduction is a woman’s domain, and so contributes to a system that places responsibility for reproduction on women. It is vital to explore how gender is enacted or ‘done’ in such research.
Forests and pattern-avoiding permutations modulo pure descents
Authors: Baril Jean-Luc , Kirgizov Sergey , Petrossian Armen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We investigate an equivalence relation on permutations based on the pure descent statistic. Generating functions are given for the number of equivalence classes for the set of all permutations, and the sets of permutations avoiding exactly one pattern of length three. As a byproduct, we exhibit a permutation set in one-to-one correspondence with forests of ordered binary trees, which provides a new combinatorial class enumerated by the single-source directed animals on the square lattice. Furthermore, bivariate generating functions for these sets are given according to various statistics.
Stochastic – advantages and uncertainties for subsurface geological mapping and volumetric or probability calculation
Authors: Malvić Tomislav 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Stochastic, especially simulation, occasionally could be found in different geological calculations, mostly as the most advanced mapping method. Its main attribute is description of uncertainties that are inherent not only to any geological mapping dataset but also to any volumetric or probability calculation. Here are presented uncertainties in all three cases – mapping, volume calculation and probability calculation – and reasons why and when to use stochastic in them. The stochastic, and consequently simulation, is a recommended tool in case of a low number of data (<15 inputs) or large dataset (>40 inputs), but in both cases, the descriptive statistics needs to be known and is reliable. Almost the same could be applied in volumetric calculation, but the success of stochastic in probability calculation depends on large datasets, with 15 or more inputs.
Sub-surface mechanical properties and sub-surface creep behavior of wood-plastic composites reinforced by organoclay
Authors: Yadav Sumit Manohar , Yusoh Kamal Bin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured from polypropylene, wood flour, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and organoclay. The sub-surface mechanical properties and the sub-surface creep behavior of the organoclay-based WPC were examined by the nanoindentation technique. The results showed that the hardness, elastic modulus and creep resistance of the WPC enhanced with the loading of C20 organoclay. This enhancement was subject to the organoclay content and the dispersion of organoclay in the polymer matrix. The hardness, elastic modulus and creep resistance of WPC with 1 wt% organoclay content enhanced by approximately 36%, 41% and 17%, respectively, in contrast with WPC without organoclay. To study the impact of organoclay content on the creep performance of WPC, a viscoelastic model was actualized. The results demonstrated that the model was in good agreement with the experimental information. Reinforcement of organoclay prompts expansion in elastic deformation and instigates a higher initial displacement at the early stage of creep.
Effects of Loading Rate and Temperature on Cracking Resistance Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures Using Nonnotched Semicircular Bending Tests
Authors: Jiang Jiwang , Dong Qiao , Ni Fujian , Zhao Yanjing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, the effects of loading rate and temperature on the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures under static loading were examined by a nonnotched, semicircle bending test. Twenty-four test conditions combined by eight loading rates (0.1, 0.75, 3, 7.5, 15, 30, 50, and 80 mm/min) and three temperatures (−10°C, 0°C, and 15°C) were selected to be conducted using one stone matrix asphalt mixture. Five cracking parameters, namely, peak force (Fmax), peak displacement (Dp), work of before-cracking (Wc), cracking failure displacement (Dcf), and work of cracking failure (Wcf), were proposed in order to evaluate the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. According to the results of this study, the cracking failure mode of asphalt mixtures can be divided into three conditions: brittle cracking, flexible damage, and fall in between. For the test condition of a higher loading rate and lower temperature, the cracking failure mode would be closer to brittle cracking. Both loading rate and temperature influence the test results of all cracking parameters in different ways. According to the statistical analysis, peak force is sensitive to loading rate, and the displacement and energy parameters are sensitive to temperature variation.
Neuroimaging of Early Life Epilepsy
Authors: Coryell Jason , Gaillard William D. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Grinspan Zachary M. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Knupp Kelly G. , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Keator Cynthia , Sullivan Joseph E. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Patel Anup , Chu Catherine J. , Massey Shavonne , Novotny Edward J. , Saneto Russel P. , Berg Anne T. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:
We assessed the adherence to neuroimaging guidelines and the diagnostically relevant yield of neuroimaging in newly presenting early life epilepsy (ELE).

METHODS:
There were 775 children with a new diagnosis of epilepsy (&lt;3 years old at onset) who were recruited through the ELE study at 17 US pediatric epilepsy centers (2012–2015) and managed prospectively for 1 year. The data were analyzed to assess the proportion of children who underwent neuroimaging, the type of neuroimaging, and abnormalities.

RESULTS:
Of 725 children (93.5%) with neuroimaging, 714 had an MRI (87% with seizure protocols) and 11 had computed tomography or ultrasound only. Etiologically relevant abnormalities were present in 290 individuals (40%) and included: an acquired injury in 97 (13.4%), malformations of cortical development in 56 (7.7%), and other diffuse disorders of brain development in 51 (7.0%). Neuroimaging was abnormal in 160 of 262 (61%) children with abnormal development at diagnosis versus 113 of 463 (24%) children with typical development. Neuroimaging abnormalities were most common in association with focal seizure semiology (40%), spasms (47%), or unclear semiology (42%). In children without spasms or focal semiology with typical development, 29 of 185 (16%) had imaging abnormalities. Pathogenic genetic variants were identified in 53 of 121 (44%) children with abnormal neuroimaging in whom genetic testing was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Structural abnormalities occur commonly in ELE, and adherence to neuroimaging guidelines is high at US pediatric epilepsy centers. These data support the universal adoption of imaging guidelines because the yield is substantially high, even in the lowest risk group.