bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Theory to Inform and Guide Perinatal Bereavement Care
Authors: Hutti Marianne H. , Limbo Rana 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Providing nursing care to perinatally bereaved women and their families is difficult, emotionally demanding, and complicated. Here we demonstrate how, through understanding the theoretical underpinnings of Guided Participation and perinatal grief intensity, nurses can significantly expand their competence and confidence in their ability to provide highly individualized, supportive, relationship-based perinatal bereavement care. The way that parents respond to a perinatal loss may range from little response to highly intense, long-lasting grief. Grief after such losses may be intensified when the loss experience is highly incongruent with a parent's expectations, and the parent is unable to act to reduce this incongruence. The Hutti Perinatal Grief Intensity theoretical framework and the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale may be used to help identify parents who are likely to experience highly intense grief and need for professional follow-up after perinatal loss. However, many parents who experience intense grief have little experience in coping with such feelings. Guided Participation is a middle-range theory of teaching and learning. It is used in the context of perinatal bereavement to help bereaved parents navigate the feelings and numerous grief-related issues that occur as a consequence of the loss, with the nurse serving as the expert guide. This combined theoretical approach to care assists nurses to assess grief intensity and to provide highly effective, relationship-driven care.
Retroposition of the Globe After Le Fort III Midfacial Distraction
Authors: Resnick Cory M. , Salcines Alfonso , Hughes Christopher D. , Padwa Bonnie L. , Mulliken John B. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis exhibit exorbitism due to supraorbital and midfacial retrusion. This study documented the change in sagittal orbital-globe relationship following Le Fort III midfacial advancement.

Methods:
This retrospective case series comprised patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who underwent midfacial distraction from 1997 to 2016. Changes in sagittal globe position in relation to the orbital rims were measured by pre- and postoperative direct anthropometry, computed tomographic scans, or both methods. Descriptive statistics were calculated; significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Anthropometry showed a significant increase from superior orbital rim-to-corneal apex (os-acor) (4.1 ± 4.0 mm, P < 0.001) and from inferior orbital rim-to-corneal apex (oi-acor) (4.5 ± 5.3 mm, P < 0.001). The lateral orbital rim to the corneal apex (ol-acor) dimension did not change significantly. Computed tomography measurements confirmed retropositioned globes relative to the anterior border of the orbital cavity (2.5 ± 6.4 mm, P = 0.036). The 2 analytic methods yielded statistically similar results.

Conclusion:
The globes move posteriorly a mean of 2.5 to 4.5 mm following Le Fort III midfacial distraction in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. This finding is useful in attaining euophthalmos when planning and executing this procedure.
Innovation to Pediatric Cranioplasty
Authors: Konofaos Petros , Wallace Robert D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Pediatric cranioplasty poses a reconstructive challenge because of children's developing anatomy and dynamic growth. Although several studies have advocated the use of autologous bone over synthetic material in pediatric population, the full coverage of the cranioplasty defect can be not fulfilled in the majority of the cases due to the size of the defect and the limited bone stock. There is an ongoing research for the development of alloplastic bone substitutes that avoid rigid fixation and promote graft transformation into viable tissue to improve outcomes in alloplastic pediatric cranioplasty. The aim of this study is to offer a detailed review on evolution, evaluation, planning, materials, and outcomes of cranioplasty in pediatric patients.
Combinations of slow translating codon clusters can increase mRNA half-life
Authors: Sharma Ajeet K. , O’Brien Edward P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe introduction of a single, non-optimal codon cluster into a transcript was found to cause ribosomes to queue upstream of it and decrease the transcript’s half-life through the action of the dead box protein Dhh1p, which interacts with stalled ribosomes and promotes transcript degradation. Naturally occurring transcripts often contain multiple slow codon clusters, but the influence of these combinations of clusters on a transcript’s half-life is unknown. Using a kinetic model that describes translation and mRNA degradation, we find that the introduction of a second slow codon cluster into a transcript near the 5′-end can have the opposite effect than that of the first cluster by increasing the mRNA’s half-life. We experimentally validate this finding by showing that S. cerevisiae transcripts that only have a slow codon cluster towards the 3′-end of the coding sequence have shorter half-lives than transcripts with non-optimal clusters at both 3′ and 5′ -ends. The origin of this increase in half-life arises from the 5′-end cluster suppressing the formation of ribosome queues upstream of the second cluster, thereby decreasing the opportunities for translation-dependent degradation machinery, such as the Dhh1p protein, to interact with stalled ribosomes. We also find in the model that in the presence of two slow codon clusters the cluster closest to 5′-end is the primary determinant of mRNA half-life. These results identify two of the rules governing the influence of slow codon clusters on mRNA half-life, demonstrate that multiple slow codon clusters can have synergistic effects, and indicate that codon usage bias can play a more nuanced role in controlling cellular protein levels than previously thought.
Assignment of virus and antimicrobial resistance genes to microbial hosts in a complex microbial community by combined long-read assembly and proximity ligation
Authors: Bickhart Derek M. , Watson Mick , Koren Sergey , Panke-Buisse Kevin , Cersosimo Laura M. , Press Maximilian O. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Van Kessel Jo Ann S. , Haley Bradd J. , Kim Seon Woo , Heiner Cheryl , Suen Garret , Bakshy Kiranmayee , Liachko Ivan , Sullivan Shawn T. , Ghurye Jay , Pop Mihai , Weimer Paul J. , Phillippy Adam M. , Smith Timothy P.L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe characterization of microbial communities by metagenomic approaches has been enhanced by recent improvements in short-read sequencing efficiency and assembly algorithms. We describe the results of adding long-read sequencing to the mix of technologies used to assemble a highly complex cattle rumen microbial community, and compare the assembly to current short read-based methods applied to the same sample. Contigs in the long-read assembly were 7-fold longer on average, and contained 7-fold more complete open reading frames (ORF), than the short read assembly, despite having three-fold lower sequence depth. The linkages between long-read contigs, provided by proximity ligation data, supported identification of 188 novel viral-host associations in the rumen microbial community that suggest cross-species infectivity of specific viral strains. The improved contiguity of the long-read assembly also identified 94 antimicrobial resistance genes, compared to only seven alleles identified in the short-read assembly. Overall, we demonstrate a combination of experimental and computational methods that work synergistically to improve characterization of biological features in a highly complex rumen microbial community.
Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows
Authors: Slager David L. , Epperly Kevin L. , Ha Renee R. , Rohwer Sievert , Wood Chris , Van Hemert Caroline , Klicka John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been described using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. The Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are sister taxonomic species with a continuous distribution that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate whether these crows are genetically differentiated and the extent to which they may hybridize. We found that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%-divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across >1,400 km of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late-generation hybrids and backcrosses, not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines were both centered in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated. The mtDNA cline was narrower than the nuDNA cline, consistent with Haldane’s rule but not sex-biased dispersal. Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, consistent with potentially recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human-modified habitats.
Quantitative relationships between SMAD dynamics and target gene activation kinetics in single live cells
Authors: Tidin Onur , Friman Elias T. , Naef Felix , Suter David M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe transduction of extracellular signals through signaling pathways that culminate in a transcriptional response is central to many biological processes. However, quantitative relationships between activities of signaling pathway components and transcriptional output of target genes remain poorly explored. Here we developed a dual bioluminescence imaging strategy allowing simultaneous monitoring of nuclear translocation of the SMAD4 and SMAD2 transcriptional activators upon TGF-β stimulation, and the transcriptional response of the endogenous connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) gene. Using cell lines allowing to vary exogenous SMAD4/2 expression levels, we performed quantitative measurements of the temporal profiles of SMAD4/2 translocation and ctgf transcription kinetics in hundreds of individual cells at high temporal resolution. We found that while nuclear translocation efficiency had little impact on initial ctgf transcriptional activation, high total cellular SMAD4 but not SMAD2 levels increased the probability of cells to exhibit a sustained ctgf transcriptional response. The approach we present here allows time-resolved single cell quantification of transcription factor dynamics and transcriptional responses and thereby sheds light on the quantitative relationship between SMADs and target gene responses.
Parameter estimation and identifiability in a neural population model for electro-cortical activity
Authors: Hartoyo Agus , Cadusch Peter J. , Liley David T. J. , Hicks Damien G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive measure of brain electrical activity. Neural population models, where large numbers of interacting neurons are considered collectively as a macroscopic system, have long been used to understand features in EEG signals. By tuning dozens of input parameters describing the excitatory and inhibitory neuron populations, these models can reproduce prominent features of the EEG such as the alpha-rhythm. However, the inverse problem, of directly estimating the parameters from fits to EEG data, remains unsolved. Solving this multi-parameter non-linear fitting problem will potentially provide a real-time method for characterizing average neuronal properties in human subjects. Here we perform unbiased fits of a 22-parameter neural population model to EEG data from 82 individuals, using both particle swarm optimization and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. We estimate how much is learned about individual parameters by computing Kullback-Leibler divergences between posterior and prior distributions for each parameter. Results indicate that only a single parameter, that determining the dynamics of inhibition, is directly identifiable, while other parameters have large, though correlated, uncertainties. We show that the eigenvalues of the Fisher information matrix are roughly uniformly spaced over a log scale, indicating that the model is sloppy, like many of the regulatory network models in systems biology. These eigenvalues indicate that the system can be modeled with a low effective dimensionality, with inhibition being prominent in driving system behavior.Author summaryElectroencephalography (EEG), where electrodes are used to measure electric potential on the outside of the scalp, provides a simple, non-invasive way to study brain activity. Physiological interpretation of features in EEG signals has often involved use of collective models of neural populations. These neural population models have dozens of input parameters to describe the properties of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Being able to estimate these parameters by direct fits to EEG data holds the promise of providing a real-time non-invasive method of inferring neuronal properties in different individuals. However, it has long been impossible to fit these nonlinear, multi-parameter models effectively. Here we describe fits of a 22-parameter neural population model to EEG spectra from 82 different subjects, all exhibiting alpha-oscillations. We show how only one parameter, that describing inhibitory dynamics, is constrained by the data, although all parameters are correlated. These results indicate that inhibition plays a central role in the generation and modulation of the alpha-rhythm in humans.
A VTA GABAergic neural circuit mediates visually evoked innate defensive responses
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Liu Xuemei , Chen Shanping , Zhang Zhijian , Liu Yu-anming , Montardy Quentin , Tang Yongqiang , Wei Pengfei , Liu Nan , Li Lei , He Xiaobin , Chen Chen , Bi Guoqiang , Feng Guoping , Xu Fuqiang , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYInnate defensive responses are essential for animal survival and are conserved across species. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays important roles in learned appetitive and aversive behaviors, but whether it plays a role in mediating or modulating innate defensive responses is currently unknown. We report that GABAergic neurons in the mouse VTA (VTAGABA+) are preferentially activated compared to VTA dopaminergic (VTADA+) neurons when a threatening visual stimulus evokes innate defensive behavior. Functional manipulation of these neurons showed that activation of VTAGABA+ neurons is indispensable for looming-evoked defensive flight behavior and photoactivation of these neurons is sufficient for looming-evoked defensive-like flight behavior, whereas no such role can be attributed for VTADA+ neurons. Viral tracing and in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings showed that VTAGABA+ neurons receive direct excitatory inputs from the superior colliculus (SC). Furthermore, we showed that glutamatergic SC-VTA projections synapse onto VTAGABA+ neurons that project to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and that the CeA is involved in mediating the defensive behavior. Our findings demonstrate that visual information about aerial threats access to the VTAGABA+ neurons mediating innate behavioral responses, suggesting a more general role for the VTA.
Interaction specificity of clustered protocadherins inferred from sequence covariation and structural analysis
Authors: Nicoludis John M. , Green Anna G. , Walujkar Sanket , May Elizabeth J. , Sotomayor Marcos , Marks Debora S. , Gaudet Rachelle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClustered protocadherins are a large family of paralogous proteins that play important roles in neuronal development. The more than 50 clustered protocadherin isoforms have remarkable homophilic specificity for interactions between cellular surfaces that is controlled by a large antiparallel dimer interface formed by the first four extracellular cadherin (EC) domains. To understand how specificity is achieved between the numerous paralogs, we used a combination of structural and computational approaches. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that individual EC interactions are weak and go through binding and unbinding events, but together they form a stable complex through polyvalency. Using sequence coevolution, we generated a statistical model of interaction energy for the clustered protocadherin family that measures the contributions of all amino acid pairs in the interface. Our interaction energy model assesses specificity for all possible pairs of isoforms, recapitulating known pairings and predicting the effects of experimental changes in isoform specificity that are consistent with literature results. Our results show that sequence coevolution can be used to understand specificity determinants in a protein family and prioritize interface amino acid substitutions to reprogram specific protein-protein interactions.
The loci of behavioral evolution:Fas2andtilBunderlie differences in pupation site choice behavior betweenDrosophila melanogasterandD. simulans
Authors: Pischedda Alison , Shahandeh Michael P. , Turner Thomas L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recent boom in genotype-phenotype studies has led to a greater understanding of the genetic architecture of a variety of traits. Among these traits, however, behaviors are still lacking, perhaps because they are complex and environmentally sensitive phenotypes, making them difficult to measure reliably for association studies. Here, we aim to fill this gap in knowledge with the results of a genetic screen for a complex behavioral difference, pupation site choice, betweenDrosophila melanogasterandD. simulans. In this study, we demonstrate a significant contribution of the X chromosome to the difference in pupation site choice behavior between these species. Using a panel of X-chromosome deletions, we screened the majority of the X chromosome for causal loci, and identified two regions that explain a large proportion of the X-effect. We then used gene disruptions and RNAi to demonstrate the substantial effects of a single gene within each region:Fas2andtilB. Finally, we show that differences intilBexpression underlie species differences in pupation site choice behavior, and that generally, pupation site choice behavior appears to be correlated with relative expression of this gene. Our results suggest that even complex, environmentally sensitive behaviors may evolve through changes to loci with large phenotypic effects.Author summaryBehaviors are complex traits that involve sensory detection, higher level processing, and a coordinated output by the nervous system. This level of processing is highly susceptible to environmentally induced variation. Because of their complexity and sensitivity, behaviors are difficult to study; as a result, we have very little understanding of the genes involved in behavioral variation. In this study, we use common laboratory fruit fly model, Drosophila, to address this gap and dissect the genetic underpinnings of an environmentally sensitive behavior that differs between species. We find that a significant amount of the phenotypic difference between species is explained by a single chromosome. We further show that just two genes on this chromosome account for a large majority of its effect, suggesting that the genetic basis of complex behavioral evolution may be simpler than anticipated. For one of these genes, we show that a species-level difference in gene expression is associated with the difference in behavior. Our results contribute to a growing number of studies identifying the genetic components of behavior. Ultimately, we hope to use these data to better predict the number, types, and effects of genetic mutations necessary for complex behaviors to evolve.
The global leadership capacity wheel
Authors: Turner John R. , Baker Rose , Schroeder Jae , Johnson Karen R. , Chung Chih-Hung 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to examine the definitions of global leadership and indigenous leadership, identify leadership capacities inherent in human resource development (HRD) and determine relationships of the three as a means to develop a model to aid and guide opportunities for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a two-stage integrative literature review of HRD, global and indigenous leadership literature, the grounded theory constant comparative method established 31 positive and 1 negative leadership domains, and respective capacities, and compare domains from literature.

Findings
The Global Leadership Capacity Wheel informs researchers of strengths and areas for additional research, has resulted in a more complete model of global leadership and calls for increased clarity for leadership capacity model development, especially for complex, global environments and local constructs and theories.

Research limitations/implications
Although the literature had adequate representation in the business and organizational acumen and managing people and relationships central global leadership domains, more research and reporting is required for managing self and indigenous leadership capacity development subdomains.

Practical implications
Leadership development is a high priority and core function of HRD. The Global Leadership Capacity Wheel provides a tool for scholars and practitioners to guide global leadership development programs and research.

Social implications
Understanding the relationships of leadership capacities from global and indigenous perspectives is helpful to examine cultural, identity and macro-contextual dimensions and their influence on leadership.

Originality/value
The Global Leadership Capacity Wheel provides a type of road-map, a holistic representation, in the context of developing global leaders in today’s complex environment.
Organisational culture and effectiveness
Authors: Mathew Jossy 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the theorised relationship between organisational culture and effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical data were collected through a five month ethnographic study in an Indian knowledge-intensive firm. It adopts the three-perspective framework of culture that encompasses integration, differentiation and fragmentation perspectives and a comprehensive examination of effectiveness.

Findings
Integrated, differentiated and fragmented perspectives of culture capture multiple organisational values and they affect effectiveness in varied ways. Appropriate cultures, although not sufficient conditions, are crucial for effectiveness, especially in knowledge-intensive firms. High levels of differentiation and fragmentation prevent the formation of strong cultures. This challenges organisational integration.

Practical implications
There is heightened need for the application of sophisticated HRM systems in the Indian software sector. Some context specific measures of effectiveness are documented.

Originality/value
Through an insightful evaluation of culture effectiveness theorisation till date, the paper amplifies current theorisation and illustrates the potential and limitations of organisational cultures in achieving effectiveness.