bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Three Different Suture Anchors for Rotator Cuff Repair on Primary Cultures of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Thiébat Gabriele , Capitani Paolo , de Girolamo Laura , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Facchini Francesca , Schoenhuber Herbert , Viganò Marco 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of three different suture anchors (all-suture anchor, metal anchor, and polyetheretherketone anchor), commonly used for the rotator cuff repair.
Methods To assess the biocompatibility of the anchors, the possible cytotoxicity and the immunogenicity of the devices were assessed by cell viability assay and cell count on cultures of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs), respectively. The possible inhibitory effect of the devices on BMSCs osteogenic potential was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix deposition assay.
Results The viability of BMSCs was slightly reduced when cultured in the presence of the devices (−24 ± 3%). Nevertheless, they were able to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage in all culture conditions. The proliferation of PBLs and the production of interleukin-2 were not enhanced by the presence of any device.
Conclusion The analyzed devices did not significantly affect the normal cells functions when directly cultured with human primary BMSCs or PBLs, in terms of osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction.
Clinical Relevance A deeper knowledge of the biological reactions to different devices used in rotator cuff surgeries would improve the clinical outcome of these procedures.
2.2 Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones to Alcohols
Authors: Matsunami A. , Kayaki Y. , Ikariya T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTransfer hydrogenation offers an alternative to hydrogenation using gaseous hydrogen, as well as a practical synthetic approach to enantiopure compounds. Alcohols, formic acid, and formate salts are often used as safe and nontoxic hydrogen sources in transition-metal catalyzed transfer hydrogenation systems. This chapter highlights effective transfer hydrogenation and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by transition-metal complexes. The reactions described in this section are classified according to the reducing agents employed and the type of ketone substrate.
2.3 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Llopis Q. , Ayad T. , Phansavath P. , Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation using molecular hydrogen to reduce ketones is arguably one of the most efficient, practical, and environmentally responsible methods for the production of secondary alcohols, which are important building blocks for the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and agrochemicals, as well as functional materials. This chapter, presents a non-exhaustive review of transition-metal-catalyzed homogeneous racemic as well as asymmetric hydrogenation of simple and functionalized ketones to give the corresponding secondary alcohols, with a focus on major advances in this important field from 2008 to late 2016.
2.4 Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ketones and Aldehydes, Benzylic Alcohols and Amines, and Their Derivatives
Authors: Ciszek B. , Fleischer I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the hetero- and homogeneous metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of C=O, C–O, and C–N bonds at benzylic positions. This reaction constitutes an atom- and waste-economic alternative to traditional defunctionalization methods. It has found numerous applications in organic synthesis, including in the removal of protecting groups from alcohols and amines. Moreover, its role in the valorization of biomass feedstocks is being intensely investigated.
2.7 Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines, Azo Compounds, Hydroxylamines, and Oximes, and Reduction of N-Oxides to Amines
Authors: Puylaert P. , Savini A. , Hinze S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVarious catalytic strategies are discussed for the reduction of both aromatic and aliphatic nitro functionalities to the corresponding amines, including homogeneous and heterogeneous (transfer) hydrogenations, as well as the water–gas shift reaction. Chemoselectivity with respect to other reducible moieties (carbonyls, alkenes, alkynes) and hydrodehalogenation is taken into account. The isolation of azobenzenes, N-substituted hydroxylamines, and oximes, which are typically considered intermediates or byproducts in nitro reductions, is included as well. Finally, developments in the deoxygenation of N-oxides are addressed briefly.
2.9 Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles
Authors: Bagal D. B. , Bhanage B. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCatalytic reduction of nitriles is an important industrial process for the one-step synthesis of diverse amines. Despite this, the selective reduction of nitriles to the corresponding amines has so far been less investigated compared to the reductions of C=C, C=O, C=N, and NO2 units. This is primarily due to high redox potential of nitriles compared to other carboxylic acid derivatives, low C–CN bond dissociation energy, the various factors that control the selectivity, low selectivity toward primary amines, and significant amounts of secondary amine formation. In recent years, great success has been achieved in the chemoselective reduction of nitriles using homogeneous transition-metal catalysts, but a major limitation of such catalysts is often their poor stability. Alternatively, heterogeneous catalytic systems represent an economic and simple alternative for these transformations. However, the use of heterogeneous catalysts for the selective reduction of nitriles to primary amines has been not well explored to date.
Payments for environmental services supported social capital while increasing land management
Authors: Alix-Garcia Jennifer M. , Sims Katharine R. E. , Orozco-Olvera Victor H. , Costica Laura E. , Fernández Medina Jorge David , Romo Monroy Sofía 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Financial incentives for conservation are popular worldwide, but are also highly controversial. A core concern is that paying for environmental stewardship that community members have historically provided for free will undermine intrinsic conservation motivations or other prosocial attitudes, institutions, and values. We provide rigorous evaluation of the social capital impacts of a large payments for environmental services program. We find that conservation payments in Mexico increased land management activities, did not decrease prosocial work, and improved communal social capital. Although similar studies need to be conducted in multiple contexts, we provide evidence that conservation incentives can support social institutions, attitudes, and values while rewarding environmental stewardship.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use and Transitions from Smoking
Authors: Friedman Abigail S , Horn Samantha J L 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Socioeconomic disparities have been established for conventional cigarette use, but not for electronic cigarettes. This study estimates socioeconomic gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use (ie, use of both products) among adults in the United States.

Methods
Analyses consider nationally representative data on 25- to 54-year-old respondents to the 2014–2016 National Health Interview Surveys (N = 50306). Demographically adjusted seemingly unrelated regression models estimate how two socioeconomic status measures—respondent education and household income—relate to current exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and dual use.

Results
Conventional cigarette use exhibits negative education and income gradients, consistent with existing research: −12.9 percentage points (confidence interval [CI]: −14.0, −11.8) if college educated, and −9.5 percentage points (CI: −10.9, −8.1) if household income exceeds 400% of the federal poverty level. These gradients are flatter for dual use (−1.4 [CI: −1.8, −0.9] and −1.9 [CI: −2.5, −1.2]), and statistically insignificant for electronic cigarette use (−0.03 [CI: −0.5, 0.4] and −0.3 [CI: −0.8, −0.2]). Limiting the sample to ever-smokers, higher education is associated with a 0.9 percentage point increase in likelihood of exclusive electronic cigarette use at interview (CI: 0.0, 1.9).

Conclusions
Education and income gradients in exclusive electronic cigarette use are small and statistically insignificant, contrasting with strong negative gradients in exclusive conventional cigarette use. Furthermore, more educated smokers are more likely to switch to exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential switching may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality, but lower the burden of tobacco-related disease.

Implications
Research has not yet established whether socioeconomic disparities in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use resemble those observed for conventional cigarettes. This article uses nationally representative data on US adults aged 25–54 to estimate income and education gradients in exclusive use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use. Both gradients are steep and negative for conventional cigarette use, but flat and statistically insignificant for e-cigarette use. Repeating the analysis among ever-smokers indicates that more educated smokers are more likely to transition toward exclusive e-cigarette use than less educated smokers. Such differential substitution may exacerbate disparities in smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
Analysis of Herman Goldstein Problem-Oriented Policing Awards from 1993-2017
Authors: Schnobrich-Davis Julie , Block Steven , Lupacchino Joseph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article analysed the finalists and winners of the Herman Goldstein Problem-Oriented Policing projects from 1993 to 2017, which provides a sample of 153 cases. The article reflects on the changes in the problem-solving process overtime in regards to the nature of crime and quality of life problems addressed, the involvement of collaborative partners, the use of technology, and the level of sophistication of the assessment phase of the Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment model. The processes used by the police agencies for each step of the problem-solving model (Scan, Analyse, Respond, Assess) were reviewed. Additionally, the authors measured the amount of outside collaboration for the project from crime analysts, researchers, and stakeholders. The issue of problem-solving being a viable strategy for 21st century policing is discussed.
Radiation Doses From the Norwegian Diet
Authors: Komperød Mari , Skuterud Lavrans 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Ingestion doses between and within countries are expected to vary significantly due to differences in dietary habits and geographical variations in radionuclide concentrations. This paper presents the most comprehensive assessment to date of the effective radiation dose from the Norwegian diet, from natural as well as anthropogenic radionuclides. Ingestion doses to the Norwegian public are calculated using national dietary statistics and the most relevant radionuclide concentration data for the various food products. The age-weighted average effective dose received by the Norwegian population from the diet is estimated at 0.41 mSv y−1 from naturally occurring radionuclides and 0.010 mSv y−1 from anthropogenic radionuclides. This is approximately 50% higher than the estimated world average. Fish and shellfish is the food group that provides the largest dose contribution from the average Norwegian diet. Although the average dose from anthropogenic radionuclides today is low, the exposure may still be significant for certain critical groups—especially persons who consume large amounts of reindeer meat from the regions that received significant radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident. Furthermore, persons with high 222Rn concentrations in their drinking water are among those receiving the highest ingestion doses in Norway.
The Columbia Thyroid Eye Disease-Compressive Optic Neuropathy Diagnostic Formula
Authors: Callahan Alison B. , Campbell Ashley A. , Oropesa Susel , Baraban Aryeh , Kazim Michael 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Diagnosing thyroid eye disease–compressive optic neuropathy (TED–CON) is challenging, particularly in cases lacking a relative afferent pupillary defect. Large case series of TED–CON patients and accessible diagnostic tools are lacking in the current literature. This study aims to create a mathematical formula that accurately predicts the presence or absence of CON based on the most salient clinical measures of optic neuropathy.

Methods:
A retrospective case series compares 108 patients (216 orbits) with either unilateral or bilateral TED–CON and 41 age-matched patients (82 orbits) with noncompressive TED. Utilizing clinical variables assessing optic nerve function and/or risk of compressive disease, and with the aid of generalized linear regression modeling, the authors create a mathematical formula that weighs the relative contribution of each clinical variable in the overall prediction of CON.

Results:
Data from 213 orbits in 110 patients derived the formula: y = −0.69 + 2.58 × (afferent pupillary defect) − 0.31 × (summed limitation of ductions) − 0.2 × (mean deviation on Humphrey visual field testing) − 0.02 × (% color plates). This accurately predicted the presence of CON (y > 0) versus non-CON (y < 0) in 82% of cases with 83% sensitivity and 81% specificity. When there was no relative afferent pupillary defect, which was the case in 63% of CON orbits, the formula correctly predicted CON in 78% of orbits with 73% sensitivity and 83% specificity.

Conclusions:
The authors developed a mathematical formula, the Columbia TED-CON Diagnostic Formula (CTD Formula), that can help guide clinicians in accurately diagnosing TED–CON, particularly in the presence of bilateral disease and when no relative afferent pupillary defect is present.
Multivariate pattern classification of brain white matter connectivity predicts classic trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Zhong Jidan , Chen David Qixiang , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Hayes Dave J. , Liang Kevin E. , Davis Karen D. , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of chronic facial neuropathic pain. Increasing interest in the neuroimaging of pain has highlighted changes in the root entry zone in TN, but also group-level central nervous system gray and white matter (WM) abnormalities. Group differences in neuroimaging data are frequently evaluated with univariate statistics; however, this approach is limited because it is based on single, or clusters of, voxels. By contrast, multivariate pattern analyses consider all the model's neuroanatomical features to capture a specific distributed spatial pattern. This approach has potential use as a prediction tool at the individual level. We hypothesized that a multivariate pattern classification method can distinguish specific patterns of abnormal WM connectivity of classic TN from healthy controls (HCs). Diffusion-weighted scans in 23 right-sided TN and matched controls were processed to extract whole-brain interregional streamlines. We used a linear support vector machine algorithm to differentiate interregional normalized streamline count between TN and HC. This algorithm successfully differentiated between TN and HC with an accuracy of 88%. The structural pattern emphasized WM connectivity of regions that subserve sensory, affective, and cognitive dimensions of pain, including the insula, precuneus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, and inferior and medial orbital frontal gyri. Normalized streamline counts were associated with longer pain duration and WM metric abnormality between the connections. This study demonstrates that machine-learning algorithms can detect characteristic patterns of structural alterations in TN and highlights the role of structural brain imaging for identification of neuroanatomical features associated with neuropathic pain disorders.
Patterns of recovery from pain after cesarean delivery
Authors: Booth Jessica L. , Sharpe Emily E. , Houle Timothy T. , Harris Lynnette , Curry Regina S. , Aschenbrenner Carol A. , Eisenach James C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We know very little about the change in pain in the first 2 months after surgery. To address this gap, we studied 530 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery who completed daily pain diaries for 2 months after surgery through text messaging. Over 82% of subjects missed fewer than 10 diary entries and were included in the analysis. Completers were more likely to be Caucasian, nonsmokers, and with fewer previous pregnancies than noncompleters. Daily worst pain intensity ratings for the previous 24 hours were fit to a log(time) function and allowed to change to a different function up to 3 times according to a Bayesian criterion. All women had at least one change point, occurring 22 ± 9 days postoperatively, and 81% of women had only one change, most commonly to a linear function at 0 pain. Approximately 9% of women were predicted to have pain 2 months after surgery, similar to previous observations. Cluster analysis revealed 6 trajectories of recovery from pain. Predictors of cluster membership included severity of acute pain, perceived stress, surgical factors, and smoking status. These data demonstrate feasibility but considerable challenges to this approach to data acquisition. The form of the initial process of recovery from pain is common to all women, with divergence of patterns at 2 to 4 weeks after cesarean delivery. The change-point model accurately predicts recovery from pain; its parameters can be used to assess predictors of speed of recovery; and it may be useful for future observational, forecasting, and interventional trials.
Improving herpes zoster vaccine rates: The impact of a targeted educational program
Authors: O'Donnell Margaret , Shurpin Kathleen , Janotha Brenda 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Despite demonstrated efficacy, the utilization of herpes zoster vaccine (HZV), recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for all immunocompetent adults aged above 60 years, is low (31%). The aim of this study was to identify nurse practitioner (NP) barriers to HZV administration and then to use these results to develop and evaluate the outcomes of an educational program.

Methods:
This study used a two-phase design. In Phase I, barriers that obstruct the provision of HZV were identified and NPs were surveyed to determine current HZV practice. The second phase used a quasiexperimental pretest–posttest design to evaluate the impact of the constructed program.

Conclusions:
In Phase I, NYS Primary Care NPs with practice years ranging from 1 to 24, who reported working in practice sites that ranged from 1 to 20 providers, possessed limited knowledge of the vaccine, especially, the financial aspects of the vaccination such as up-front cost (46%), cost to patients (39%), and reimbursement (29%), resulting in fewer provider recommendations. In Phase II, a paired-samples t test revealed a statistically significant difference between pretest scores (mean = 3.4, SD = 1.2) and posttest scores (mean = 4.7, SD = 1.3) on the knowledge survey, t (37) = −7.1, p < .0, demonstrating NPs' improved understanding of HZV.

Implications for practice:
Nurse practitioners will increase compliance with the CDC recommendations for HZV administration.
Analysis of Healthcare Institutional Costs of Pediatric Home Parenteral Nutrition Central Line Infections
Authors: Raphael Bram P. , Hazekamp Christina , Samnaliev Mihail , Ozonoff Al 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackground:Although previous literature suggests home parenteral nutrition (HPN)–dependent children experience frequent complications like community‐acquired central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), few studies have characterized the cost.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate institutional cost of community‐acquired CLABSI in pediatric patients with HPN.Methods:This is a single‐center retrospective review of institutional costs for patients with HPN with community‐acquired CLABSI at a tertiary care children's hospital. Inclusion was age 18 years or less between October 2011 and April 2016. Exclusions were death during hospitalization and readmission within 2 days of discharge. Patient‐level factors were compared between high‐cost group and all others using Welch 2‐sample t test and analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of higher cost.Results:There were 176 CLABSI admissions among 68 patients during the study period (median 2 hospitalizations per patients). The mean cost and length of stay per hospital admission are $28,375 (2015 US dollars) and 8 days, and both were associated with intensive care unit admission (ICU), central venous catheter removal, private insurance, and age <2 years at admission. Nine percent of patients were classified as “super‐utilizers” whose 54 hospitalizations accounted for 28% of total institutional costs.Conclusions:Among pediatric patients with HPN, community‐acquired CLABSI is associated with significant cost and length of stay. Healthcare utilization is disproportionately concentrated in a small number of patients. These study findings may help inform cost analysis for future CLABSI prevention strategies.
Rehabilitation for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Adistyawan Guritno , Wulaningsih Wahyu , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Nugraha Boya 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Cancer diagnosis often substantially affects patient's physical, psychological, and emotional status. Most patients with cancer experience declining of energy, activity levels, social-cultural participation, and relationships. In addition, cancer progression and adverse effects of aggressive cancer treatment often cause debilitating pain, fatigue, weakness, joint stiffness, depression, emotional instability, limited mobility, poor nutritional status, skin breakdown, bowel dysfunction, swallowing difficulty, and lymphedema leading into functional impairment and disability that can be addressed through rehabilitation care. Comprehensive care models by involving cancer rehabilitation have resulted in significant improvement of patient's quality of life. Although cancer rehabilitation has been implemented in many high-income countries, it is either not yet or suboptimally delivered in most low- and middle-income countries. In this review, we discussed gaps regarding cancer rehabilitation services and identified opportunities to improve quality of cancer care in developing countries. Future collaborations among international organizations and stakeholders of health care delivery systems are required to initiate and improve high-quality cancer rehabilitation in the developing countries.