bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunneling nanotubes: A bridge for heterogeneity in glioblastoma and a new therapeutic target?
Authors: Venkatesh Varun Subramaniam , Lou Emil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of tumour heterogeneity is not novel but is fast becoming a paradigm by which to explain part of the highly recalcitrant nature of aggressive malignant tumours. Glioblastoma is a prime example of such difficult‐to‐treat, invasive, and incurable malignancies. With the advent of the post‐genomic age and increased access to next‐generation sequencing technologies, numerous publications have described the presence and extent of intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity present in glioblastoma. Moreover, there have been numerous reports more directly correlating the heterogeneity of glioblastoma to its refractory, reoccurring, and inevitably terminal nature. It is therefore prudent to consider the different forms of heterogeneity seen in glioblastoma and how to harness this understanding to better strategize novel therapeutic approaches. One of the most central questions of tumour heterogeneity is how these numerous different cell types (both tumour and non‐tumour) in the tumour mass communicate.Recent findingsThis chapter provides a brief review on the variable heterogeneity of glioblastoma, with a focus on cellular heterogeneity and on modalities of communication that can induce further molecular diversity within the complex and ever‐evolving tumour microenvironment. We provide particular emphasis on the emerging role of actin‐based cellular conduits called tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and tumour microtubes (TMs) and outline the perceived current problems in the field that need to be resolved before pharmacological targeting of TNTs can become a reality.ConclusionsWe conclude that TNTs and TMs provide a new and exciting avenue for the therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma and that numerous inroads have already made into TNT and TM biology. However, to target TMs and TNTs, several advances must be made before this aim can become a reality.
Towards a conceptual understanding of sustainability‐driven entrepreneurship
Authors: Haldar Stuti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn common discourse, economic activities run by profit‐oriented managers and entrepreneurs are considered to be at the root of social and ecological crisis and hence, hamper sustainable development. With this perspective, government, policymaking institutions, and civil societies take the center stage in shaping a sustainability‐oriented industry by using the tools of command and control to curb the negative environmental and social impacts of business. However, this view not only overestimates the role of legal regulations and policies but also underestimates and, in a sense, distorts the relationship between innovative entrepreneurial activities and sustainable development. With growing impetus in the domain of sustainable entrepreneurship since the early 1990s, researchers have increasingly advocated sustainability‐driven entrepreneurs and managers as the core movers of sustainable production and consumption. Presently, sustainable entrepreneurship remains an extremely relevant yet under researched area of investigation. Debates regarding semantic and practical approaches to sustainability‐oriented entrepreneurs impede empirical and theoretical developments in this area. Hence, in the context of the existent gap in literature, this study adopts a qualitative approach to conceptualize sustainable entrepreneurship, by building upon a typology of this phenomenon. In doing so, the overlapping yet conceptually distinct terms, “green” entrepreneurship, “social” entrepreneurship, and “institutional” entrepreneurship are incorporated to understand how entrepreneurs induce sustainable innovations to meet the objectives of social benefits and profit maximization in the context of changing market indicators. The relevance of the study lies in its theoretical as well as practical implications as it attempts to develop a framework to identify, under which specific conditions a particular firm is most likely to adopt sustainable innovations, hence, indicating the need to refine and extend the existing models of sustainable entrepreneurship with respect to motivations for sustainability innovations.
Effect of leadership style and organizational climate on employees' food safety and hygiene behaviors in the institutional food service of schools
Authors: Ko Wen‐Hwa , Kang Hsiu‐yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study took the employees working in the institutional food service of schools in northern Taiwan as subjects to explore the influences of leadership style and organizational climate on food safety and hygiene behaviors. In this study, 400 questionnaires were distributed and 324 valid questionnaires were collected, for a valid return rate of 81%. The results showed that leadership style and organizational climate positively correlate with employees' behaviors with respect to food safety and hygiene. Transactional and transformational leadership have a significantly positive effect on organizational climate. Organizational climate has a significantly positive impact on employees' food safety and hygiene behaviors. Transactional and transformational leadership have a significantly positive effect on employees' food safety and hygiene behaviors, but the difference between the two factors is not obvious. Organizational climate has a complete mediating effect on the process of transactional and transformational leadership affecting food safety and hygiene behaviors.
Intensity‐related distribution of sweet and bitter taste fMRI responses in the insular cortex
Authors: Canna Antonietta , Prinster Anna , Cantone Elena , Ponticorvo Sara , Russo Andrea Gerardo , Di Salle Francesco , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe human gustatory cortex analyzes the chemosensory properties of tastants, particularly the quality, intensity, and affective valence, to determine whether a perceived substance should be ingested or rejected. Among previous studies, the spatial distribution of taste intensity‐related activations within the human insula has been scarcely addressed. To spatially characterize a specialized or distributed nature of the cortical responses to taste intensities, a functional magnetic resonance imaging study was performed at 3 T in 44 healthy subjects where sweet and bitter tastants were administered at five increasing concentrations and cortex‐based factorial and parametric analyses were performed. Two clusters in the right middle‐posterior and left middle insula were found specialized for taste intensity processing, exhibiting a highly nonlinear profile across concentrations. Multiple clusters were found activated by sweet and bitter taste stimuli at most concentrations, in the anterior, middle‐posterior, and inferior portion of the bilateral insula. Across these clusters, respectively, for the right and left insula, a superior‐to‐inferior and an anterior‐to‐posterior spatial gradient for high‐to‐low concentrations were observed for the most responsive intensity of both tastes. These findings may gather new insights regarding how the gustatory cortex is spatially organized during the perceptual processing of taste intensity for two basic tastants.
Open partial horizontal laryngectomy using CO2 fiber laser
Authors: Crosetti Erika , Fantini Marco , Maldi Elena , Balmativola Davide , Succo Giovanni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe application of CO2 fiber laser technology to ENT surgery has led to new interesting scenarios, both in endoscopic and in open surgical approaches.MethodsThe current video shows three examples of open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) performed using CO2 fiber laser for resection procedures.ResultsCO2 fiber laser helped the surgeon in improving the accuracy of resection and the quality of surgical margins on specimen. The low thermal damage on tissues resulted in minor postoperative edema and a fast recovery of laryngeal function.ConclusionsIn our experience, the application of CO2 fiber laser showed some very useful features for performing OPHLs: a high cutting precision with very low tissue damage, the possibility of delivering energy without touching the organ, a modulable power for the various surgical steps, a very good maneuverability of the fine fiber holder during the procedure allowing the surgeon to “draw” the resection with a great accuracy.
Postnatal nectin‐3 knockdown induces structural abnormalities of hippocampal principal neurons and memory deficits in adult mice
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Han , Wang Hong‐Li , Sun Ya‐Xin , Su Yun‐Ai , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Li Ji‐Tao , Si Tian‐Mei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe early postnatal stage is a critical period of hippocampal neurodevelopment and also a period of high vulnerability to adverse life experiences. Recent evidence suggests that nectin‐3, a cell adhesion molecule, mediates memory dysfunction and dendritic alterations in the adult hippocampus induced by postnatal stress. But it is unknown whether postnatal nectin‐3 reduction alone is sufficient to alter hippocampal structure and function in adulthood. Here, we down regulated hippocampal expression of nectin‐3 and its heterophilic adhesion partner nectin‐1, respectively, from early postnatal stage by injecting adeno‐associated virus (AAV) into the cerebral lateral ventricles of neonatal mice (postnatal day 2). We found that suppression of nectin‐3, but not nectin‐1, expression from the early postnatal stage impaired hippocampus‐dependent novel object recognition and spatial object recognition in adult mice. Moreover, AAV‐mediated nectin‐3 knockdown significantly reduced dendritic complexity and spine density of pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, whereas nectin‐1 knockdown only induced the loss of stubby spines in CA3. Our data provide direct evidence that nectins, especially nectin‐3, are necessary for postnatal hippocampal development of memory functions and structural integrity.
Successful percutaneous flexible ureteroscopy for treatment of distal ureteral stones under modified Valdivia position after Cohen reimplantation
Authors: Inoue Takaaki , Yamamichi Fukashi , Endo Takahito , Kaku Yasuhiro , Horikoshi Mikito , Hara Shoji , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionEndoscopic retrograde access to the upper urinary tract after Cohen reimplantation for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children is usually difficult.Case presentationWe experienced a case involving a few large ureteral stones in the right distal ureter after Cohen reimplantation. We initially failed retrograde access using flexible cystoscope. Therefore, we performed antegrade flexible ureteroscopy through the 10‐ to 12‐Fr access sheath from the middle calyx to treat the few ureteral stones (>1.5 cm) in the right ureter with the patient in the modified Valdivia position. This one‐stage procedure was successful. The patient achieved a stone‐free status without major complications.ConclusionThe herein‐described approach that was implemented after Cohen reimplantation was successful. We believe that recent endourologic developments contributed to the good outcome in this case.
Sex‐specific endocrine‐disrupting effects of three halogenated chemicals in Japanese medaka
Authors: Godfrey Amy , Hooser Blair , Abdelmoneim Ahmed , Sepúlveda Maria S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral halogenated chemicals are found in an array of products that can cause endocrine disruption. Human studies have shown that endocrine responses are sex specific, with females more likely to develop hypothyroidism and males more likely to have reproductive impairment. The objective of this study was to assess sex differences on thyroid and estrogenic effects after exposure of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, SK2MC) to halogenated compounds. This strain is an excellent model for these studies as sex can be determined non‐destructively a few hours postfertilization. Medaka embryos were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCPP, 0.019 mg/L), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 4.7 mg/L) and its next generation alternative, perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA, 137 mg/L). Methimazole (inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis) and the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine served as reference controls. Fish were exposed throughout embryo development until 10 days postfertilization. Females displayed significantly larger swim bladders (which are under thyroid hormone control) after exposure to all chemicals with the exception of triiodothyronine, which caused the opposite effect. Females exposed to TDCPP and PFOA had increased expression of vitellogenin and exposure to PFOA upregulated expression of multiple thyroid‐related genes. Upregulation of estrogenic‐regulated genes after exposure to TDCPP, PFOA and methimazole was only observed in males. Overall, our results suggest that females and males show an estrogenic response when exposed to these halogenated chemicals and that females appear more susceptible to thyroid‐induced swim bladder dysfunction compared with males. These results further confirm the importance of considering sex effects when assessing the toxicity of endocrine‐disrupting compounds.
Synthesis of TiO2 on different substrates by chemical vapor deposition for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in water
Authors: Le Minh Thang , Nguyen Hong Lien , Vu Anh‐Tuan , Nguyen Van Chuc , Wu Jeffrey C. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTiO2 loaded on several substrates such as carbon fiber, aluminum plate, silica plate, and glass plate was prepared using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in water with the presence of ethanol under Ultraviolet (UV) illumination. As‐prepared samples were characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalyst with TiO2 loaded on carbon fiber possessed an extremely large surface area (1,463,91 m2/g), while the other catalysts possessed small surface areas (0.05–0.21 m2/g). The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 loaded on carbon fiber, which was determined by the conversion of Cr(VI) and the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD), was much higher than that of other catalysts. The reusability of TiO2 loaded on carbon fiber catalyst exhibited almost the same activity as the fresh catalyst. The results indicated that TiO2 loaded on carbon fiber is feasible for practical application.
The comparability of the visual and verbal versions of the Inclusion of Community in Self scale
Authors: Folk Johanna B. , Enriquez Kaitlinn , Cebas Luis , Stuewig Jeffrey , Tangney June P. , Mashek Debra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsMany factors affect the utility and practicality of measures in longitudinal studies characterized by transient participants such as those caught in the cycle of incarceration. The current study evaluated the psychometric equivalency of a visual and a verbal version of a single‐item connectedness measure; the aim was to determine whether the different formats can be used interchangeably depending on feasibility.MethodsParticipants were 133 jail inmates (49% male; 43% Black; Mage = 35 years, SD = 10 years) interviewed just before release from jail.ResultsResults provide evidence for the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the two ICS versions. Attempts to calibrate the verbal measure to the visual measure were moderately successful.ConclusionTaken together, results suggest the two formats are comparable, but not interchangeable; they map on to other variables in similar ways but cannot be used in lieu of one another.
The clinical relevance of adiposity when assessing muscle health in men treated with androgen deprivation for prostate cancer
Authors: Owen Patrick J. , Daly Robin M. , Dalla Via Jack , Mundell Niamh L. , Livingston Patricia M. , Rantalainen Timo , Fraser Steve F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may prospectively decrease absolute lean mass (LM) and increase absolute fat mass (FM). Given that estimates of LM by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry may be overestimated in obese people, this study examined the influence of adiposity on muscle health in men treated with ADT for PCa.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined the influence of adiposity on total and appendicular LM (ALM), muscle cross‐sectional (CSA), and muscle strength in 70 men treated with ADT [mean (standard deviation) age, 71 (6) years] for PCa compared with age‐matched PCa (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 70). Total body LM, FM and ALM, and 66% tibia and radius muscle CSA were quantified by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, respectively. ALM was further divided by height (m2) or body mass index, with muscle CSA expressed as a per cent of total limb CSA. Upper and lower body and back (three‐repetition maximum and dynamometry) muscle strength were expressed per kilogram of body weight.ResultsOn average, ADT‐treated men had 4.4–6.4 kg greater FM compared with controls (P ≤ 0.014) and there were no differences in total body or ALM. Total body per cent LM and ALMBMI were 3.8–5.4% (P ≤ 0.001) and 7.8–9.4% (P ≤ 0.001) lower, respectively, in ADT‐treated men compared with both controls. Percentage muscle CSA at both sites and muscle strength (except leg) were 3.0–6.0% (P ≤ 0.031) and 15–17% (P ≤ 0.010) lower, respectively, in ADT‐treated men compared with both controls.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicate muscle mass, size, and strength are compromised in men treated with ADT after accounting for their increased adiposity or body size.
Pathology and mechanisms of cochlear aging
Authors: Keithley Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPresbycusis, or age‐related hearing loss (ARHL), occurs in most mammals with variations in the age of onset, rate of decline, and magnitude of degeneration in the central nervous system and inner ear. The affected cochlear structures include the stria vascularis and its vasculature, spiral ligament, sensory hair cells and auditory neurons. Dysfunction of the stria vascularis results in a reduced endocochlear potential. Without this potential, the cochlear amplification provided by the electro‐motility of the outer hair cells is insufficient, and a high‐frequency hearing‐loss results. Degeneration of the sensory cells, especially the outer hair cells also leads to hearing loss due to lack of amplification. Neuronal degeneration, another hallmark of ARHL, most likely underlies difficulties with speech discrimination, especially in noisy environments. Noise exposure is a major cause of ARHL. It is well‐known to cause sensory cell degeneration, especially the outer hair cells at the high frequency end of the cochlea. Even loud, but not uncomfortable, sound levels can lead to synaptopathy and ultimately neuronal degeneration. Even in the absence of a noisy environment, aged cells degenerate. This pathology most likely results from damage to mitochondria and contributes to degenerative changes in the stria vascularis, hair cells, and neurons. The genetic underpinnings of ARHL are still unknown and most likely involve various combinations of genes. At present, the only effective strategy for reducing ARHL is prevention of noise exposure. If future strategies can improve mitochondrial activity and reduce oxidative damage in old age, these should also bring relief.
Seasonality determinants for the main markets in Spain
Authors: Turrión‐Prats Judith , Duro Juan Antonio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeasonality has become a key problem facing the tourist sector, constituting a major threat to sustainable growth, destination image, and loyalty, especially in regard to large‐scale, well‐established destinations. A dynamic model, combining natural and non‐natural explanatory variables, is used for a provincial panel data set over the 2006–2015 period to identify determinants of seasonality for Spain's main markets of origin. We show that the inertia factor, economic variables, and climatic variables are significant. Some of the most interesting results are the identification of common patterns across the main markets of origin. Considering, for example, high temperatures in the low season, our results show that, if they occur in the destination market, they reduce seasonality; in contrast, if they occur in the markets of origin, they increase seasonality.
Predator densities and white‐tailed deer fawn survival
Authors: Kautz Todd M. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Strickland Bronson K. , Petroelje Tyler R. , Sollmann Rahel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPredation is the dominant source of mortality for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) <6 months old throughout North America. Yet, few white‐tailed deer fawn survival studies have occurred in areas with 4 predator species or have considered concurrent densities of deer and predator species. We monitored survival and cause‐specific mortality from birth to 6 months for 100 neonatal fawns during 2013–2015 in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, while simultaneously estimating population densities of deer, American black bear (Ursus americanus), coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and gray wolf (Canis lupus). We estimated fawn predation risk in response to sex, birth mass, and date of birth. Six‐month fawn survival pooled among years was 36%, and fawn mortality risk was not related to birth mass, date of birth, or sex. Estimated mean annual deer and predator densities were 334 fawns/100 km2, 25.9 black bear/100 km2, 23.8 coyotes/100 km2, 3.8 bobcat/100 km2, and 2.8 wolves/100 km2. Despite lower estimated per‐individual kill rates, coyotes and black bears were the leading sources of fawn mortality because they had greater densities relative to bobcats and wolves. Our results indicate that the presence of more predator species in a system is not entirely additive in its effect on fawn survival. © The Wildlife Society, 2019
Biogeochemistry, microbial activity, and diversity in surface and subsurface deep‐sea sediments of South China Sea
Authors: Zhuang Guang‐Chao , Xu Lei , Liang Qianyong , Fan Xibei , Xia Zhen , Joye Samantha B. , Wang Fengping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeep‐sea environments are the largest ecosystem of the global biosphere and constitute a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. We integrated biogeochemical and molecular ecological approaches to investigate microbial activity and diversity, with the goal of elucidating pathways and regulations of methane cycling and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds metabolism in different deep‐sea sediments of the South China Sea. We found that methanogenesis, anaerobic oxidation of methane, and sulfate reduction occurred concurrently with low rates in surface sediments of the Haima area (~ 50 cm push cores) and in subsurface sediments of the Shenhu area (~ 8 m piston core). In the presence of sulfate, methanogenesis was fueled by methylotrophic substrates, in agreement with thermodynamic calculations as well as the detection of the methylotrophic methanogenic genus Methanococcoides. Higher oxidation rates of LMW compounds than methanogenesis rates, suggested acetate, and to a lesser extent, methanol and methylamine, were predominantly utilized as an energy source by nonmethanogenic microorganisms (e.g., sulfate‐reducing bacteria). Diverse methanotrophic archaea (e.g., ANME‐1a/b and ANME‐2a/b) and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfarculaceae and Desulfobacteraceae) were observed and the abundance of mcrA and dsrA genes varied over depth and between sites. Dominant archaeal groups, such as Bathyarchaeota, Thermoplasmatale, Woesearchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, were consistently detected at both areas. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated sulfate was the most relevant environmental variable that correlated with the archaeal community composition. These results suggested that the presence of sulfate controlled methane cycling and LMW carbon metabolism pathways, and also affected the composition of the microbial community.