bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐derived exosomal proteins as diagnostic biomarkers in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Niu Limin , Song Xingguo , Wang Ning , Xue Linlin , Song Xianrang , Xie Li 
Published: November 2018

Accumulating evidence supports a role for exosomal protein in diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the tumor‐derived exosomal biomarkers in the serum that improve the diagnostic value in Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Serum exosomes were isolated from healthy donors (n = 46) and NSCLC patients (n = 125) by ultracentrifugation and were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, qNano, and immunoblotting. Proteomic profiles (by mass spectrometry) revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins in the healthy and NSCLC groups. The exosomal expression levels of alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein (AHSG) and extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) increased significantly in the NSCLC patients compared to the healthy group. Alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein showed diagnostic values with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as 0.736 for NSCLC vs healthy individuals (P < .0001) and 0.682 for early stage NSCLC vs healthy individuals (P < .01). Extracellular matrix protein 1 showed the diagnostic capacity with AUC values of 0.683 (P < .001) and 0.656 (P < .05) in cancer and early stage NSCLC compared to healthy individuals. When AHSG was combined with ECM1, the AUCs were 0.795 and 0.739 in NSCLC and early stage patients, respectively. Taken together, the combination of AHSG, ECM1, and carcinoembryonic antigen improved the diagnostic potential of NSCLC. The diagnosis values were AUC of 0.938 for NSCLC and 0.911 for early stage NSCLC vs healthy individuals. Our results suggest that novel proteomic signatures found in serum exosomes of NSCLC patients show potential usefulness as diagnostic tools.
Role of the Embodied Cognition Process in Perspective‐Taking Ability During Childhood
Authors: Hirai Masahiro , Muramatsu Yukako , Nakamura Miho 
Published: November 2018

This study examined developmental changes in Level‐2 visual perspective taking (VPT2) in 90 children aged 4–12 years and tested the role of their ability to mentally simulate changes to their bodily locations (self‐motion imagery; SMI). Performance of a mental toy rotation task and a self‐motion (SM) task (changing location of children) was superior to that of VPT2 and SMI tasks. Task performance of SMI was better than that of VPT2 before 10;0 (years;months). Furthermore, egocentric responses in VPT2 and SMI tasks were significantly more frequent than those in the mental rotation and SM tasks before 10;3. These findings suggest the involvement of embodied cognitive processes in perspective taking and the advantage of utilizing bodily information by age 10.
Impact of hepatic artery size mismatch between donor and recipient on outcomes after living‐donor liver transplantation using the right lobe
Authors: Harada Noboru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Uchiyama Hideaki , Soejima Yuji , Ikegami Toru , Itoh Shinji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hepatic artery (HA) size mismatch anastomosis on outcomes after living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Materials and methodsAfter excluding 128 patients with the exclusion criteria among 233 LDLTs using the right lobe, 104 LDLT patients were divided into two groups: donor HA diameter that was greater than or equal to the recipient HA diameter (D ≥ R group; n = 79), and donor HA diameter that was smaller than the recipient HA diameter (D < R group; n = 25).ResultsHepatic artery‐related complications occurred in only one patient (HA thrombosis; 1.0%) who was in the D < R group. The reconstructed HA flow in the D ≥ R group was significantly greater than that in the D < R group (P = 0.015). There was a higher incidence of anastomotic biliary stricture in the D < R group (32.0%) compared with the D ≥ R group (13.9%, P = 0.022) after LDLT. A multivariate analysis with Cox regression revealed that the HA anastomosis of the D < R group and hepaticojejunostomy were significant independent risk factors for postoperative anastomotic biliary stenosis.ConclusionsHepatic artery anastomosis with a donor HA diameter smaller than that of the recipient HA might be an independent risk factor for postoperative biliary stenosis after LDLT using the right lobe.
Mannosylerythritol lipids inhibit melanogenesis via suppressing ERK‐CREB‐MiTF‐tyrosinase signalling in normal human melanocytes and a three‐dimensional human skin equivalent
Authors: Bae Il‐Hong , Lee Eun Soo , Yoo Jae Won , Lee Sung Hoon , Ko Jae Young , Kim Yong Jin , Lee Tae Ryong , Kim Dae‐Yong , Lee Chang Seok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHyperpigmentation is caused by excessive production of melanin in melanocytes. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants that are abundantly produced by yeasts and used commercially in cosmetics. However, the potential depigmenting efficacy of MELs has not been evaluated. In this study, the depigmentary effect of MELs was tested in primary normal human melanocytes (NHMs), α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (MSH)‐stimulated B16 cells (murine melanoma cells) and a human skin equivalent (MelanoDerm) using photography, Fontana‐Masson (F&M) staining and two‐photon microscopy. Mannosylerythritol lipids significantly decreased the melanin contents in NHMs and α‐MSH‐stimulated B16 cells. Consistent with these findings, MELs treatment had a clear whitening effect in a human skin equivalent, brightening the tissue colour and reducing the melanin content. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti‐melanogenic effect of MELs treatment was examined by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Mechanistically, MELs clearly suppressed the gene expression levels of representative melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, Tyrp‐1 and Tyrp‐2, by inhibiting the ERK/CREB/MiTF signalling pathway in NHMs. This work demonstrates for the first time that MELs exert whitening effects on human melanocytes and skin equivalent. Thus, we suggest that MELs could be developed as a potent anti‐melanogenic agent for effective whitening, beyond their use as a biosurfactant in cosmetics.
Correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney failure on haemodialysis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oh HyunSoo , Mo JinA , Seo WhaSook 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo review and identify correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF) on haemodialysis.BackgroundThe literature is consistent with regard to the high prevalence of cognitive impairment among patients with CKF on haemodialysis and its dependence on multidimensional risk factors.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis based on Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA.Data sourcesElectronic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and major Korean databases were used. Only original research that assessed correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with CKF on haemodialysis and published between 2004–2016 in English or Korean were included.Review methodsStudies were selected according to the PICOS: Population (chronic kidney failure patients with cognitive impairment on haemodialysis); Intervention (not applicable); Comparison (healthy controls or patients with chronic kidney failure on haemodialysis without cognitive impairment); Outcome (cognitive impairment); and Study design (primarily nonexperimental correlational studies and studies with experimental, quasi‐experimental, or pre–post cohort designs). Q‐test and I2 index were used to examine study homogeneity.ResultsA total of 39 studies were finally included. Age, gender, stroke history, difficulties in activities of daily life, haemoglobin levels, pain, sleep difficulties, and depression were found to be significant correlates of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsNurses should be aware that the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with CKF on haemodialysis can be significantly higher for elders, women and in patients with a stroke, greater difficulties in activities of daily living, lower haemoglobin concentrations, higher pain levels, sleep difficulties, or depression.
MiR‐520b promotes the progression of non‐small cell lung cancer through activating Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Liu Jichun , Zhang Xuekang , Tong Yuben , Gan Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough the non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most malignant tumours worldwide, the mechanisms controlling NSCLC tumourigenesis remain unclear. Here, we find that the expression of miR‐520b is up‐regulated in NSCLC samples. Further studies have revealed that miR‐520b promotes the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In addition, miR‐520b activates Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Inhibitor of Hh pathway could relieve the oncogenic effect of miR‐520b upon NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that miR‐520b directly targets SPOP 3′‐UTR and decreases SPOP expression, culminating in GLI2/3 stabilization and Hh pathway hyperactivation. Collectively, our findings unveil that miR‐520b promotes NSCLC tumourigenesis through SPOP‐GLI2/3 axis and provide miR‐520b as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Cost‐of‐illness of melanoma in Europe – a systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Krensel M. , Schäfer I. , Augustin M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMalignant melanoma accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. Primary prevention is used to increase knowledge about skin cancer and set incentives for a change in behaviour, which leads to a decrease in cases. Primary prevention may be cost‐effective or even cost saving. Cost‐of‐illness (COI) studies provide information on such potential savings. The purpose of this study is to give an overview on COI studies in European countries and to compare the COI in total and by cost categories. The results can be used to model potential cost savings from prevention. We conducted a systematic literature research in PubMed using thePRISMAchecklist. All costs were converted into Euro and adjusted for the reference year 2012. For the ranking of countries according to their COI, all costs were adjusted for the purchasing power parity. All studies focusing on stageIII–IVmelanoma include information on hospital, hospice, and outpatient treatment. Costs for the treatment of advanced melanoma range between € 2972 in Italy and € 17 408 in Sweden after adjusting for purchasing power parity. Most studies on stage I–IVmelanoma include costs of hospitalization, outpatient treatment and general practitioner consultation. Direct costs range from € 923 in Sweden to € 9829 in Denmark. Three articles also include information on indirect costs. Mortality costs vary between € 3511 in Sweden and € 20 408 in England, morbidity costs between € 103 in Sweden and € 4550 in England. We showed that costs for the treatment of skin cancer are moderately high in the included countries. Since after publication of the articles new costly drugs were approved in Europe, treatment costs of melanoma in Europe may be expected to have risen in the last few years, which means that there is a high expectable potential for prevention programmes to become cost‐effective or even cost saving.
Helicobacter pylori and low‐dose aspirin ulcer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarri Gino L , Grigg Sam E , Yeomans Neville D 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimOwing to wide‐spread use, low‐dose aspirin (LDA) produces a substantial amount of peptic ulcer disease. Current guidelines are ambivalent about the need for Helicobacter pylori eradication to protect against LDA ulcers. This study aimed to determine, through meta‐analysis, if (and by how much) infection alters the baseline risk of peptic ulcers during LDA therapy.MethodsLiterature screening was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to May 2018. Original studies reporting prevalence or incidence of uncomplicated ulcers in LDA users were included. Ulcer endpoints needed to be specified separately, according to H. pylori infection status. Meta‐analysis was performed in MIX 2.0 Pro.ResultsTen cross‐sectional studies and seven randomized controlled trials were included (n = 5964). The pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of LDA ulcers in H. pylori‐positive versus H. pylori‐negative individuals were 1.68 (95%CI 1.40–2.02) and 1.65 (95%CI 1.29–2.08) under fixed‐effects and random‐effects models, respectively. Heterogeneity among studies was minimal (I2 = 26.9%). After adjusting for the protective effects of antisecretory drugs, the odds ratios increased to 1.94 (95%CI 1.54–2.46).ConclusionThis analysis suggests that H. pylori increases the risk of LDA ulcers by almost 70% in a population where some were taking proton pump inhibitors and/or other acid suppressants. Without antisecretory drugs, the risk almost doubles. Clinically, these findings may support the use of a test‐and‐treat approach to H. pylori in LDA users, particularly those already at higher risk of developing peptic ulcers.
Clinical, Sonographic, and Electrophysiologic Longitudinal Features of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Trampe Nadine , Motte Jeremias , Kerasnoudis Antonios , Gold Ralf , Yoon Min‐Suk 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSESeveral studies have aimed to find potential biomarkers to simplify the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and to monitor and predict the disease course. However, reliable markers are still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether high‐resolution nerve ultrasound (HRUS) is suitable for monitoring the long‐term clinical course of CIDP.METHODSTwenty patients fulfilling the definite diagnostic criteria of CIDP received clinical examination, evaluation of the INCAT (inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment) overall disability sum score (ODSS) as well as nerve conduction studies, and HRUS every 6 months over a median follow‐up time of 34 months. Patients were divided into clinically stable/regressive disease course or progressive disease course according to the development of the ODSS.RESULTSThe intranerve cross‐sectional‐area (CSA) variability of the nerves of the lower extremity increased with disease progression, whereas it remained unchanged in patients with a stable or remitting disease course.CONCLUSIONNerve ultrasound can be used as a method to objectify the long‐term disease course in CIDP patients. The intranerve CSA variability is suitable for monitoring the clinical course of patients with CIDP.
Paediatric new‐onset seizure clinic in Australia: Experience and lessons learnt
Authors: Shah Snehal , Nagarajan Lakshmi , Palumbo Linda , Walsh Peter , Silberstein Jonathan , Cannell Patricia , Ghosh Soumya 
Published: November 2018

AimA new‐onset seizure clinic (NOSC) was established at our hospital in 2011, with the aim to provide accurate diagnosis and appropriate management to children with new‐onset seizures or seizure mimics.MethodsWe report on the data analysis of the first 200 children seen in NOSC. A paediatric neurologist or paediatric/neurology trainee under supervision of a neurologist reviewed all the children. A detailed history and clinical examination were undertaken. Electroencephalogram (EEGs) were undertaken prior to clinic review in most emergency departments. Children were classified as ‘epilepsy positive’ (EP+) or ‘epilepsy negative’ (EP−) after the first consultation.ResultsOf 200 patients, 109 were classified as EP+: generalised epilepsy in 57 of 109, focal in 36, childhood seizure susceptibility syndrome in 26 and epileptic encephalopathy in 5. EEG was available in 192: in 117, it was abnormal – 23 with background abnormalities and 109 with epileptiform activity. Of the 109 patients, 80 were commenced on anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs): 12 were able to come off medication after seizure‐free period, 61 were controlled on AEDs and 7 were refractory. Children were followed up for 12–48 months. None of the children had diagnosis revised on follow‐up.ConclusionsThis is the first Australian study to report on a large cohort of children from a NOSC. An EEG and a paediatric neurologist assessment is a good combination to enable diagnostic accuracy: In the first 200 patients seen, there were no revisions of the initial diagnosis on follow‐up.
Knowledge Construction in Public Administration: A Discourse Analysis of Public Value
Authors: Wallmeier Franziska , Helmig Bernd , Feeney Mary K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPublic administration is a relatively young field with a growing academic community. Against the background of enduring discussions about theory and increasing research output and diversification within the field, the authors apply the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse that combines discourse theories and a social constructionist tradition to the exemplary case of “public value” research. The authors scrutinize 50 articles from 12 journals over 18 years to trace the development of public value as a concept in public administration research. Drawing from this exemplary case, they develop propositions and propose a framework for knowledge construction that is uniquely characterized as public administration. From the anchor points of manageability, economization, and democratic accountability, the authors develop a framework for analyzing and investigating knowledge development in other concepts such as network governance, representative bureaucracy, and coproduction.
Rethinking Social Amplification of Risk: Social Media and Zika in Three Languages
Authors: Wirz Christopher D. , Xenos Michael A. , Brossard Dominique , Scheufele Dietram , Chung Jennifer H. , Massarani Luisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing the Zika outbreak as a context of inquiry, this study examines how assigning blame on social media relates to the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). Past research has discussed the relationship between the SARF and traditional mass media, but the role of social media platforms in amplification or attenuation of risk perceptions remains understudied. Moreover, the communication and perceptions of Zika‐related risk are not limited to discussions in English. To capture conversations in languages spoken by affected countries, this study combines data in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. To better understand the assignment of blame and perceptions of risk in new media environments, we looked at three different facets of conversations surrounding Zika on Facebook and Twitter: the prominence of blame in each language, how specific groups were discussed throughout the Zika outbreak, and the sentiment expressed about genetically engineered (GE) mosquitoes. We combined machine learning with human coding to analyze public discourse in all three languages. We found differences between languages and platforms in the amount of blame assigned to different groups. We also found more negative sentiments expressed about GE mosquitoes on Facebook than on Twitter. These meaningful differences only emerge from analyses across the three different languages and platforms, pointing to the importance of multilingual approaches for risk communication research. Specific recommendations for outbreak and risk communication practitioners are also discussed.
The Partisan Composition of Cantonal Governments in Switzerland, 1848‐2017. A New Data Set
Authors: Walter André , Emmenegger Patrick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScholars increasingly use Swiss cantons to examine the effect of democratic processes and institutions on political, economic and social outcomes. However, the availability of political indicators at the cantonal level is limited, in particular for longer periods of time. We introduce a novel data set on the ideological and partisan composition of cantonal governments, covering the period 1848‐2017 for most cantons. In this research note, we describe our data collection efforts and present some descriptives on the political development of cantonal governments in order to illustrate the data's potential. In particular, we look at the political strength of different parties and factions, the number of parties in government, government volatility and the nationalization of the party system. Our data thus provide new opportunities to examine political, economic and social outcomes as well as the formation of party systems in the Swiss cantons.
Gender and the Politics of Marijuana
Authors: Elder Laurel , Greene Steven 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to understand why, even though women are more liberal than men on a broad range of issues, when it comes to the increasingly prominent issue of marijuana legalization, the direction of the gender gap is reversed, with women more conservative than men.MethodsRelying on a 2013 Pew survey—unique for the extensiveness of its marijuana questions, including marijuana usage—we explore and attempt to explain the nature of this unusual gender gap. We test several hypotheses rooted in the different life experiences of women and men.ResultsWe find that women's role as mothers cannot explain this gap, and that mothers are in fact no different from those without children in terms of their support for marijuana policy, as well as their reported use of marijuana. The greater religiosity of women does play a prominent role in the gender gap on marijuana policy, but does not account for the full difference of opinion between women and men. Our findings suggest that men's greater propensity relative to women to use marijuana is a major driver behind the gender gap.ConclusionsNot only are attitudes on marijuana legalization likely to continue to liberalize, but as marijuana legalization and marijuana use become normalized, rather than viewed as immoral and dangerous behavior, the existing gender gap should shrink.
Donor incentives improve cardiovascular disease risk profile and donation rates
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Kessler Debra , Nandi Vijay , Ortiz Caroline , Hillyer Christopher D. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDBlood centers may offer point‐based reward systems or cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening to incentivize donors. However, combining these incentives to improve CVD risk and blood donation rates has not been studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStudy was a three‐arm prospective controlled trial: Group 1, control (routine points, no CVD screening); Group 2, CVD screening with routine points; and Group 3, CVD screening plus incentive double points. The primary objective was to determine if double versus routine incentive points led to improvement or maintenance of CVD risk profile assessed using self‐reported changes in 1) reading food labels for calorie and fat content, 2) exercising daily, 3) reduced fat intake, and 4) increase in eating fruits and vegetables. Outcomes were compared at first and final (2‐year) follow‐up visits. As secondary outcome, median blood donation rates before enrollment and during study were compared.RESULTSA total of 570 donors (290 in Group 1, 134 in Group 2, 146 Group 3) were selected. At first follow‐up visit, 71.4% in Group 3 versus 62.0% in Group 2 subjects reported at least one of four positive behavioral changes (p < 0.001). Increase in reading food labels for calorie and fat content was the most common change and higher in Group 3 (Group 3 from 60.9% to 79.1%; Group 2 from 67.6% to 77.5%; p < 0.001). Final evaluation showed significant increase in self‐reported exercise in Group 3 only (from baseline 52.9% to 68.3%; p < 0.05). Group 3 reported higher increase in median number of donations/year during study enrollment (6.8 [IQR, 4.3‐12] vs. baseline 4.6 [IQR, 3.2‐7.1] donations/year) than Group 2 (5.6 [IQR, 4.2‐10.5] vs. baseline 4.9 [IQR, 3.5‐10.2]) and Group 1 (4.4 [IQR, 2.7‐8.0] vs. baseline 4.4 [IQR, 2.5‐6.0] donations/year; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONPositive donor reinforcement (double vs. routine points) resulted in better self‐reported health maintenance behavior and increased donation rates.