bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Health Service Payment Utilization in National Health Insurance (JKN) by Premium-Aid-Recipient (PBI) Insurers
Authors: Gustaman Rian Arie , Bachtiar Kamiel Roesman 
Published: February 2018

Abstrak
Salah satu temuan dalam evaluasi pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) pada 2 tahun pertama adalah tingginya rasio klaim pada pelayanan rawat jalan tingkat lanjutan pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Lanjutan (FKTL). Biaya pelayanan kesehatan rill per jiwa pada peserta Non PBI Mandiri adalah sebesar Rp282.139,00 jauh lebih besar dari rata - rata besaran Per Orang Per bulan sebesar Rp27.062,00. Rasio klaim pada pool Non PBI Mandiri adalah sebesar 1380%. Ini berbanding terbalik dengan peserta PBI yang pemanfaatan yankes masih jauh di bawah yang seharusnya dengan rasio klaim yang sangat rendah. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pola pemanfaatan jaminan pembiayaan kesehatan era JKN pada peserta PBI untuk mengetahui gambaran determinan yang mempengaruhinya dan menghasilkan rekomendasi terhadap perbaikan kebijakan pembiayaan kesehatan masyarakat sektor informal non miskin dan miskin yang diharapkan dapat mendukung upaya perluasan kepesertaan menuju kesehatan masyarakat semesta. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengenai gambaran peresepsi masyarakat tentang program JKN dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan partisipan, keaktifan partisipan dalam mengikuti organisasi, serta adanya tindakan penyuluhan mengenai program JKN.
The Correlation between Junk Food Consumption and Age of Menarche of Elementary School Student In Gedung Johor Medan
Authors: Anita Surya , Simanjuntak Yunida Turisna 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Acceleration age of menarche, can increase the chances of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of uterine and breast cancer are associated with early menarche. Junk food is indicated as one of the triggers of early menarche. With observational-analytic research and case-control research design, it was conducted to determine the effect of junk food in early menarche at elementary school student. The population of the study was the 6th grade elementary school students who had been menstruated, yet the sample was chosen randomly. Data collected using questionnaires, also measuring weight and height, then analysed using chi-square. The results shows a relationship between junk food consumption with early menarche incidence (p = 0.021) and OR 1.889. This is due to the high consumption patterns of junk food/fast food in teenages. Affected by behavioral patterns of people who tend to choose practical food, easy to get and ready to eat.

ABSTRAK
Percepatan usia menarche dapat memperbesar peluang terjadI hyperplasia endometrium. Insiden kanker uterus dan kanker payudara dihubungkan dengan menarche dini. Junk food diindikasi sebagai salah satu pemicu menarche dini. Dengan penelitian observasional-analitik dan desain penelitian case-control, dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh junk food pada menarche dini di usia SD. Populasi penelitian adalah siswi SD kelas VI yang sudah haid /belum, sampel dipilih secara random. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada siswi, menimbang berat badan serta mengukur tinggi badan. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian bahwa ada hubungan konsumsi junk food dengan kejadian menarche dini (p=0,021) dan OR 1,889. Hal ini disebabkan Tingginya pola konsumsi junk food/fast food pada remaja dipengaruhi oleh pola perilaku masyarakat yang cenderung memilih makanan praktis, mudah didapat dan siap saji.
A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai és diagnosztikai szerepe mellékvesekéreg-carcinomában
Authors: Nagy Zoltán , Decmann Ábel , Perge Pál , Igaz Péter 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Adrenocortical tumours are quite prevalent. Most of these tumours are benign, hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Rare hormone-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are associated with severe clinical consequences, whereas the prognosis of the rare adrenocortical cancer is rather poor in its advanced stages. The pathogenesis of these tumours is only partly elucidated. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are pivotal in the regulation of several basic cell biological processes via the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their altered expression has been described in many tumours. Several tissue microRNAs, such as miR-483-5p, miR-503, miR-210, miR-335 and miR-195 were found to be differentially expressed among benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours, and these could also have pathogenic relevance. Due to their tissue specific and stable expression, microRNAs can be exploited in diagnostics as well. As the histological diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy is difficult, microRNAs might be of help in the establishment of malignancy. Novel data show that microRNAs are secreted in various body fluids, projecting their applicability as biomarkers as part of liquid biopsy. In this review, we attempt to present a synopsis on the pathogenic relevance of microRNAs in adrenocortical tumours and their potential diagnostic applicability. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 245–251.
Paradigmaváltás a csontmetasztázisok sebészetében. II. Gerincmetasztázisok kezelése
Authors: Lazáry Áron , Szövérfi Zsolt , Varga Péter Pál 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The incidence of spinal metastases is constantly growing, but due to the advancements in oncologic treatment methods, the survival and the quality of life of the patients are persistently improving. Choosing the optimal treatment method is essential, and several factors should be considered: type of the primary tumor, segmental stability, the symptoms caused by the metastasis and the general condition of the patient. Using modern radiotherapeutic methods combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive stabilization, separation surgery) in the majority of patients permits adequate local control with low complication rate. In our review, we describe the state-of-the-art, modern spinal metastasis treatment options based on the recently published evidence. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 297–302.
Diabeteses kisér-károsodás vizsgálata optikai koherencia tomográfián alapuló angiográfiával
Authors: Czakó Cecília , Sándor Gábor László , Ecsedy Mónika , Szepessy Zsuzsanna , Borbándy Ágnes , Resch Miklós , Papp András , Récsán Zsuzsa , Horváth Hajnalka , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Kovács Illés 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that is able to visualize the different retinal vascular layers using motion contrast to detect blood flow without intravenous dye injection. This method might help to assess microangiopathy in diabetic retinopathy during screening and follow-up. Aim: To quantify retinal microvasculature alterations in both eyes of diabetic patients in relation to systemic risk factors using optical coherence tomography angiography. Method: Both eyes of 36 diabetic patients and 45 individuals without diabetes were examined. Duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, blood pressure, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, axial length and the presence of diabetic retinopathy were recorded. Retinal vessel density was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. The effect of risk factors on vessel density and between-eye asymmetry was assessed using multivariable regression analysis. Results: Vessel density was significantly lower and between-eye difference was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Both vessel density and between-eye asymmetry significantly correlated with diabetes duration (p<0.05) after controlling for the effect of risk factors. The between-eye asymmetry in vessel density was significantly higher in patients without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a decrease in retinal vessel density and an increase in between-eye asymmetry in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects. By using optical coherence tomography angiography, the detection of these microvascular alterations is possible before clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy and might serve as a useful tool in both screening and timing of treatment. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 320–326.
A laryngealis electromyographia szerepe a hangszalag-mozgászavarok diagnosztikájában és az alkalmazott kezelés kiválasztásában
Authors: Bach Ádám , Sztanó Balázs , Kiss József Géza , Volk Gerd Fabian , Müller Andreas , Pototschnig Claus , Rovó László 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The development of the therapeutic possibilities of vocal cord immobility necessitated the parallel renewal of diagnostic methods. In the last years, laryngeal electromyography, which was first introduced more than 70 years ago, has been re-discovered. After reviewing the international literature and their own experience, the authors present the indications, technical requirements, method and, particularly, the evaluation of the results of this procedure. Laryngeal electromyography makes the differentiation between mechanical fixation and immobility with neurological origin of the vocal folds possible. In case of laryngeal paralysis/paresis it also evaluates objectively the severity of neural injury, the prognosis of the disease and the necessity of any glottis-widening procedure. The widespread application of dynamic rehabilitation interventions is not conceivable without the routine application of laryngeal electromyography, so this sensitive diagnostic tool has to be introduced in all laryngological centers. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 303–311.
Extraadrenalis glükokortikoidszintézis
Authors: Szappanos Ágnes , Mészáros Katalin , Nagy Zsolt , Kövesdi Annamária , Likó István , Kiss Emese , Tóth Miklós , Patócs Attila 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Endogenous glucocorticoids exert a diverse array of physiological processes and play an important role in immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland is regulated through two mechanisms. Systemic regulation is substantiating by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, a tissue-specific local regulatory system, containing the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme responsible for local glucocorticoid synthesis and the glucocorticoid receptor, has also been demonstrated. Based on the recent evidences, an extra-adrenal corticosteroid synthesis exists in various tissues. Steroidogenic enzymes necessary for this de novo corticosteroid synthesis have been observed in the skin, intestine, thymus and possibly in the brain, heart and lung. These locally synthesized steroids most likely act in an autocrine and paracrine manner and their regulation is mediated by local regulatory loops. The importance of this de novo corticosteroid synthesis seems to be important in the regulation of local homeostasis, immune processes and tissue-specific inflammatory reactions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 260–268.
Genetikai tényezők a hypopituitarismus kialakulásában. A transzkripciós faktorok szerepe az agyalapimirigy-elégtelenség hátterében
Authors: Tőke Judit , Bertalan Rita , Gergics Péter , Halász Zita 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Developmental disorders affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system can result in pituitary hormone deficiency showing a diverse clinical presentation. A significant majority of these disorders are closely linked to defects in transcription factor genes which play a major role in pituitary development. Those affecting the early phase of organogenesis typically lead to complex conditions affecting the pituitary as well as structures in the central nervous system. Transcription factors involved in the late phase can result in combined but rarely isolated pituitary hormone deficiency without extra-pituitary manifestation. Identifying the defects in these pituitary transcription factor genes may provide a useful tool in predicting disease progression as well as screening family members. Several pituitary transcription factors can be detected in the adult gland as well which is strongly emphasized in the World Health Organization’s most recent guideline for pituitary tumor classification. Our review summarizes the current essential knowledge relevant for clinical endocrinologists. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 278–284.
Molekuláris genetikai vizsgálatok az örökletes endokrinológiai tumor szindrómák klinikai diagnosztikájában
Authors: Sarkadi Balázs , Grolmusz Vince Kornél , Butz Henriett , Kövesdi Annamária , Likó István , Nyirő Gábor , Igaz Péter , Patócs Attila 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The common features of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes or multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) are the association of various tumours of different endocrine organs in one patient or within the same family. Different types can be distinguished from among which type 1 and type 2 are the most common. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant, meaning that there is a 50% chance to inherit the pathogenic alteration. The pathogenic variants of genes responsible for MEN syndromes have also been identified in sporadic endocrine tumours and many cases initially referred to as sporadic have been later categorized as familiar based on genetic analysis. The main role of the molecular genetic analysis in these syndromes is to identify the pathogenic variant, then, after appropriate genetic counseling, to perform the genetic screening of first-degree relatives. Following molecular genetic analysis, the state-of-the-art clinical follow-up of the clinically healthy mutation carriers may decrease or even prevent the morbidity and mortality. Due to technological developments in recent years, the molecular genetic analysis of hereditary tumour syndromes has also been changed. Using next generation based sequencing methods in routine clinical diagnostics, the number of pathogenic genes in endocrine tumours has also increased. The present review focuses on the genetic background of hereditary endocrine tumour syndromes and the recently used molecular biological methods will also be presented. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 285–292.
Reaction of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum in field infection trials and the efficacy of fungicides
Authors: Váňová M. , Tvarůžek L. , Hrabalová H. 
Published: February 2018

Fifteen winter wheat varieties were tested for their reaction to Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum in the ear in 1996, 1998 and 1999. To ensure a sufficient level of infection in the field the varieties were artificially inoculated with spores of the two species at a ratio of 1:1. The infection was evaluated using a 10-score scale at three times: first at the milk stage (BBCH 71–75), i.e. about 14 days after inoculation; two further readings were taken at 7-day intervals. The data were used to calculate the average infection for each variety at each reading, and were statistically evaluated. The parameter “area under disease progress curve” (AUDPC) was also calculated. Significant differences between varieties were found in all investigated years. On the average of the 3 years, the variety Ebi showed the lowest infection. Other varieties with significantly low infection were Estica and Atlet. The variety with the highest infection was Bruneta, followed by Samanta, Saskia and Samara. The degree of infection was considerably influenced by weather conditions in the year. A lower infection was observed in 1996 when rainfall in the period from 1st to 20th June was below normal, while rainfalls in 1998 and 1999 were higher in this period. The efficacy of fungicides was assessed in the highly susceptible variety Bruneta. All tested preparations significantly decreased the degree of infection in comparison with the untreated control. In 1998 the efficacy of fungicides was rather low (from 15.51 to 37.55%), while in 1999 it was higher (from 36.74 to 58.20%). In both years the preparation Folicur BT was most efficacious.
Wheat leaf rust races/pathotypes in the Czech Republic in 1997–1998
Authors: Bartoš P. , Stuchlíková E. 
Published: February 2018

In 1997–1998 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3. Lr9, Lrll, Lrl5, Lrl7, Lrl9, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. On these NILs 11 pathotypes were determined in 1997, and 8 inl998. All rust samples were avirulent onLr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28.There was a relatively low frequency of virulence on Lrl, Lr2a and Lr2b. Most rust samples were virulent on Lr2c, Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr23 and Lr26. All samples were virulent on Lr3 and Lr21. The identified pathotypes conformed with races 61SaBa*, 77SaBa, 2SaBa, 12SaBa, 57SaBa, 6SaBa, 61*, 77 and 6. Races 61SaBa*, 77SaBa and 2SaBa prevailed in 1997, races 61 SaBa*, 77SaBa and 12SaBa were prevalent in 1998. Races 6 and 6SaBa were found for the first time. Data on Lr genes in recently registered winter wheat cultivars are presented.
Virulence analyses of the powdery mildew population on wheat in the CzechRepublic in 1995–1998
Authors: Klem K. 
Published: February 2018

In 1995–1998, the frequency of selected virulences in the powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ) population on wheat in the Czech Republic was investigated. Samples of conidia were collected by a mobile version of a spore-trap. A total of 1739 one-colony isolates were analysed on a set of five varieties as differentials. High frequencies (&gt; 50%) were found for virulences Vm2, Vm3a, Vm5 and Vml7, lower frequencies(&lt; 50%) for combinations Vm9,2,1 and Vm2,6 and for Vm4b. There were no significant changes in virulence frequencies except for genes Vm5 and Vm9,2,1 that showed one-year variations. Differences between the eastern part (Moravia) and western part (Bohemia) of the Czech Republic were mostly insignificant for most exam­ ined genes. A significantly higher virulence frequency was found in Moravia for genes Vm3a (in 1995) and Vml7 (in 1996), and in Bohemia for the combination Vm9,2,1 (in 1995). A significant correlation (tested by Kendall's tau B values) existed between Vm2 and Vm5 in 1997 and 1998, and between Vm4b and Vm5 in 1995 and 1998. Values of gametic disequilibrium were also studied. Changes in the complexity of isolate virulence were determined to be small and showed no definite trend.
Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat
Authors: Havlíčková H. , Holubec V. 
Published: February 2018

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species: Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T. aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.
The fusarloses of barley with emphasis on the content of trichothecene
Authors: Hýsek J. , Váňová M. , Hajšlová J. , Radová Z. , Koutecká J. , Tvarůžek L. 
Published: February 2018

The infestation of barley grains by fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied on malting barley from Kromei'iz (360 samples) and one sample from Kojet!n in Czech Republic. Most frequent species in the season 1997-1998 were: F. culmorum (over 70% of the isolates), F. poae (over 20% of the isolates), F. avenaceum (over 2%). Much less frequent were: F. stilboides v. stilboides, F. aqaeductum v. aqaeductum, F. merismoides v. merismoides and F. gigas. The isolates of F. culmorum were highly pathogenic when barley was artificially inoculated; those of F. poae had low pathogenity. Five varieties of spring barley at growth stage 1-5 on the Feekes scale reacted to F. culmorum as follows: I) Tolar (most resistant), 2) Akcent, Lumar and Rubfn (intermediate), 3) Krona (most susceptible). An application of fungicides on a plot inoculated with F. avenaceum and F. graminearum increased the yield of grain by 0.46 to 1.71 t/ha. Most effective fungicides against the pathogens were: metconazole, tebuconazole and prochloraz. The effect of the combination tebuconazole + triadimefon + prochloraz was found to be most effective. For determi­ nation of six trichothecene mycotoxins in fungal mycelium, macroconidia and spring barley, high resolution capillary gas chro­ matography with electron capture detection was used. Only toxin T-2 and nivalenol (NIV) were detected in fungal mycelium, and a low level of NIV was found in spring barley, variety Rubfn (lower than legislated limit- 2 mglkg of cereals).
Population changes of the potato cyst nematode (Giobodera rostochiensis) during irregular crop rota­tion
Authors: Šedivý J. 
Published: February 2018

For a period of 17 years, changes in the n umber of potato cyst nematode (PCN) cysts in the soil and in their contents were studied in two fields with an irregular crop rotation and growing resistant and susceptible potato cultivars. In all years, numbers of cysts per I 00 g of soil were higher at Skorkov (S) than at Ot radovice (0). At the beginning of the experiment, the percentages of empty PCN cysts were 30 and 28%, respectively, but they increased to 92.5 and 94.6%, respectively, by the end of it. The remaining cysts contained dead eggs/larvae and empty egg cases. Thus, the number of cysts per I 00 g of soil cannot be used to estimate the degree of soil infestation with the PCN without also knowing the number of viable stages in the cysts. When the experiment started the mean number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst was 62.7 in fields and 51.3 in field 0; no viable stages of the pest were found at the end of the experiment. Parallel to the decline in the number of viable eggs/larvae per cyst, the numbers of cysts with viable contents also declined in both fields. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst showed considerable variation in the course of the experiment. In fields it varied within a range of 1 5.9-69.4 individuals per cyst. Over the years the number of empty egg cases per cyst showed an irregular increasing trend. In field S their number varied from 34.9 to 1 97.5 per cyst. In field 0 from 46.3 to 218. No unequivocal negative effect of cropping resistant potato cultivars on the number of PCN cysts in the soil has been ascertained. In most years. The cropping of resistant cultivars was followed by an increased number of empty cysts in soil samples in both experimental fields. The effect of growing resistant cultivars on the number of viable eggs/ larvae was negative in both fields, resulting in decreased mean numbers of viable individuals per cyst. The mean number of dead eggs/larvae per cyst was variable. The number of empty egg cases was usually higher after the harvest of a resistant potato cultivar. The numbers of empty cysts and those with dead contents increased distinctly after an application of pig manure prior to growing the resistant cultivar and in subsequent years. The mean number of cysts in the soil, and of viable stages in the cysts also declined after a crop of rye. Regula r cropping of resistant potato cultivars at 3-year intervals, once interrupted by growing a susceptible plant cultivar, decreased the occurrence of viable stages of the PCN below the detectable level.