bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel chloroplast gene reported for flagellate plants
Authors: Song Michael , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Huiet Layne , Pryer Kathleen M. , Rothfels Carl J. , Li Fay‐Wei 
Published: February 2018

Premise of the StudyGene space in plant plastid genomes is well characterized and annotated, yet we discovered an unrecognized open reading frame (ORF) in the fern lineage that is conserved across flagellate plants.MethodsWe initially detected a putative uncharacterized ORF by the existence of a highly conserved region between rps16 and matK in a series of matK alignments of leptosporangiate ferns. We mined available plastid genomes for this ORF, which we now refer to as ycf94, to infer evolutionary selection pressures and assist in functional prediction. To further examine the transcription of ycf94, we assembled the plastid genome and sequenced the transcriptome of the leptosporangiate fern Adiantum shastense Huiet & A.R. Sm.Key ResultsThe ycf94 predicted protein has a distinct transmembrane domain but with no sequence homology to other proteins with known function. The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio of ycf94 is on par with other fern plastid protein‐encoding genes, and additional homologs can be found in a few lycophyte, moss, hornwort, and liverwort plastid genomes. Homologs of ycf94 were not found in seed plants. In addition, we report a high level of RNA editing for ycf94 transcripts—a hallmark of protein‐coding genes in fern plastomes.ConclusionsThe degree of sequence conservation, together with the presence of a distinct transmembrane domain and RNA‐editing sites, suggests that ycf94 is a protein‐coding gene of functional significance in ferns and, potentially, bryophytes and lycophytes. However, the origin and exact function of this gene require further investigation.
Preoperative fluid restriction for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock decreases ventilator days
Authors: Matsuyama Shigenari , Miki Ryusuke , Kittaka Hirotada , Nakayama Haruki , Kikuta Shota , Ishihara Satoshi , Nakayama Shinichi 
Published: February 2018

AimIn recent years, with the concept of damage control resuscitation, hemostasis and preoperative fluid restriction have been carried out, but there is controversy regarding the effectiveness of fluid restriction.MethodsFrom April 2007 to March 2013, 101 trauma patients presented with hemorrhagic shock (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg) at the prehospital or emergency department and were admitted to Hyogo Emergency Medical Center (Hyogo, Japan). They underwent emergency hemostasis by surgery and transcatheter arterial embolization. We compared two groups in a historical cohort study, the aggressive fluid resuscitation (AR) group, which included 59 cases treated in the period April 2007–March 2010, and the fluid restriction (FR) group, which included 42 cases treated in the period April 2010–March 2013.ResultsThere was no difference between both groups in patient background (heart rate, 110 b.p.m.; systolic blood pressure, 70 mmHg). The Injury Severity Score was 34 (AR) versus 38 (FR) (not significant). Preoperative infusion volume of crystalloid significantly decreased, from 2310 mL (AR) to 1025 mL (FR) (P ≤ 0.01). There was no difference in mortality (36% [AR] versus 41% [FR]). Ventilator days significantly decreased, from 8.5 days (AR) to 5.5 days (FR) (P = 0.02).ConclusionsPreoperative fluid restriction for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock did not improve mortality, but it decreased ventilator days by reducing the perioperative plus water balance and it might contribute to perioperative intensive care.
From Anilines to Aryl Ethers: A Facile, Efficient, and Versatile Synthetic Method Employing Mild Conditions
Authors: Wang Dong‐Yu , Yang Ze‐Kun , Wang Chao , Zhang Ao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe have developed a simple and direct method for the synthesis of aryl ethers by reacting alcohols/phenols (ROH) with aryl ammonium salts (ArNMe3+), which are readily prepared from anilines (ArNR′2, R′=H or Me). This reaction proceeds smoothly and rapidly (within a few hours) at room temperature in the presence of a commercially available base, such as KOtBu or KHMDS, and has a broad substrate scope with respect to both ROH and ArNR′2. It is scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups.
Lewis Base‐Promoted Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Dioxygenation of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Gieuw Matthew H. , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA facile and effective system has been developed for the regio‐ and chemoselective ring‐opening/electrophilic functionalization of cyclopropanes through C−C bond activation by [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene with the aid of the Lewis basic promoter p‐toluenesulfonamide. The p‐toluenesulfonamide‐promoted system works well for a wide range of cyclopropanes, resulting in the formation of 1,3‐diol products in good yields and regioselectivity.
Sample Ripening through Nanophase Separation Influences the Performance of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Sicoli Giuseppe , Vezin Hervé , Frébourg Ghislaine , Abergel Daniel , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Kurzbach Dennis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMixtures of water and glycerol provide popular matrices for low‐temperature spectroscopy of vitrified samples. However, they involve counterintuitive physicochemical properties, such as spontaneous nanoscopic phase separations (NPS) in solutions that appear macroscopically homogeneous. We demonstrate that such phenomena can substantially influence the efficiency of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) by factors up to 20 % by causing fluctuations in local concentrations of polarization agents (radicals). Thus, a spontaneous NPS of water/glycerol mixtures that takes place on time scales on the order of 30–60 min results in a confinement of polarization agents in nanoscopic water‐rich vesicles, which in return affects the DNP. Such effects were found for three common polarization agents, TEMPOL, AMUPol and Trityl.
The Interaction of the Soybean Seed High Oleic Acid Oil Trait With Other Fatty Acid Modifications
Authors: Bilyeu Kristin , Škrabišová Mária , Allen Doug , Rajcan Istvan , Palmquist Debra E. , Gillen Anne , Mian Rouf , Jo Hyun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOil value is determined by the functional qualities imparted from the fatty acid profile. Soybean oil historically had excellent use in foods and industry; the need to increase the stability of the oil without negative health consequences has led to a decline in soybean oil use. One solution to make the oil stable is to have high oleic acid (>70%) and lower linolenic acid content in the oil. Other fatty acid profile changes are intended to target market needs: low‐saturated fatty acid and high stearic acid content in the oil. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of the high oleic acid oil trait with other alleles controlling fatty acid profiles. Soybean lines containing high oleic acid allele combinations plus other fatty acid modifying alleles were produced, and the seed was produced in multiple field environments over 2 years. Stable high oleic acid with low linolenic acid (<3.0%) was achieved with a 4‐allele combination. The target of >20% stearic acid in the seed oil was not achieved. Reducing total saturated fatty acids below 7% in a high oleic acid background was possible with mutant alleles of both an acyl‐ACP thioesterase B and a β‐ketoacyl‐[acyl‐carrier‐protein] synthase III gene. The results identified allele combinations that met the target fatty acid profile thresholds and were most stable across environments.
Frequency and Anatomic Distribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in the Sacroiliac Joints of Young Athletes
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Jurik Anne Grethe , Zejden Anna , Larsen Ejnar , Jørgensen Steen Hylgaard , Rufibach Kaspar , Schioldan Christian , Schmidt‐Olsen Søren 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveLow‐grade bone marrow edema (BME) has been reported in the sacroiliac (SI) joints of 25% of healthy individuals and patients with nonspecific mechanical back pain, thus challenging the specificity and predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the discrimination of early spondyloarthritis (SpA). It is unknown whether stress injury in competition sports may trigger BME. This study sought to explore the frequency and anatomic distribution of SI joint MRI lesions in recreational and elite athletes.MethodsAfter pretest calibration, semicoronal MRI scans of the SI joints of 20 recreational runners before and after running and 22 elite ice hockey players were assessed for BME and structural lesions. Three readers assessed the MRI scans in a blinded manner, using an SI joint quadrant–based module; scans from tumor necrosis factor inhibitor–treated patients with SpA served for masking. The readers recorded subjects who met the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) definition of active sacroiliitis. For descriptive analysis, the frequency of SI joint quadrants exhibiting BME and structural lesions, as concordantly recorded by ≥2 of 3 readers, and their distribution in 8 anatomic SI joint regions (the upper and lower ilium and sacrum, subdivided in anterior and posterior slices) were determined.ResultsThe proportions of recreational runners and elite ice hockey players fulfilling the ASAS definition of active sacroiliitis, as recorded concordantly by ≥2 of 3 readers, were 30–35% and 41%, respectively. In recreational runners before and after running, the mean ± SD number of SI joint quadrants showing BME was 3.1 ± 4.2 and 3.1 ± 4.5, respectively, while in elite ice hockey players, it was 3.6 ± 3.0. The posterior lower ilium was the single most affected SI joint region, followed by the anterior upper sacrum. Erosion was virtually absent.ConclusionIn recreational and elite athletes, MRI revealed BME in an average of 3–4 SI joint quadrants, meeting the ASAS definition of active sacroiliitis in 30–41% of subjects. The posterior lower ilium was the single most affected SI joint region. These findings in athletes could help refine data‐driven thresholds for defining sacroiliitis in early SpA.
Recent Progress in Chemistry of Multiple Helicenes
Authors: Li Changqing , Yang Yong , Miao Qian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed multiple helicenes arising as an interesting class of nonplanar polycyclic aromatics of inherent multihelicity. These molecules present esthetic structures and interesting properties not available to helicenes of single helicity. Herein an overview of multiple helicenes with respect to structures, stereochemical dynamics, synthesis, and applications is provided. Recently reported multiple helicenes are surveyed with an emphasis on molecular structures and stereochemistry of multiple carbohelicenes. After this survey, the synthesis of multiple helicenes through the Scholl reaction is discussed and recent applications of multiple helicenes in organic electronics are summarized. On the basis of these discussions, conclusions are reached on the current status of multiple helicenes and an outlook for this field is provided.
Einfluss der Querdehnungsbehinderung auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten im Brandfall
Authors: Hothan Sascha , Pistol Klaus , Häßler Dustin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpannbeton‐Hohlplatten (engl.: Hollow Core Slabs, HC‐Platten) werden insbesondere aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen als Deckensysteme im Hochbau eingesetzt. Bei einem 2007 aufgetretenen Brandereignis in einem Parkhaus in Rotterdam kam es zu einer teilweisen Ablösung des unteren Plattenspiegels [1]. Dies hatte eine europaweite Diskussion zur brandschutztechnischen Bewertung dieser Bauart zur Folge. Mittlerweile liegen eine Vielzahl von gutachterlichen Stellungnahmen, Literaturauswertungen und auch jüngeren Forschungsarbeiten zum Feuerwiderstand von Konstruktionen aus Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten vor [2]. In den Untersuchungen wurde unter anderem das Tragverhalten von HC‐Platten bei starrer Auflagerung, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Querkrafttragfähigkeit, analysiert.Ein weiterer, bei der Prüfung und Bewertung von Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten bisher kaum beachteter Aspekt ist die im Brandfall auftretende Behinderung der Querdehnung. In der Praxis kann für HC‐Platten eine Querdehnungsbehinderung im Brandfall auftreten, wenn beispielsweise eine sehr steife Begrenzung des brandbeanspruchten Deckenbereichs vorliegt, z. B. durch Treppenhauskerne oder auch durch umgebende Deckenfelder bei lokaler Brandbeanspruchung. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, wurden an der BAM entsprechende experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen an Deckenfeldern aus Spannbeton‐Hohlplatten mit unterschiedlicher seitlicher Zwängung durchgeführt [3]. Im Beitrag werden die im Realmaßstab durchgeführten Brandversuche ausführlich beschrieben und deren Ergebnisse und daraus abgeleiteten Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.Die an der BAM durchgeführten Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass bei einer Zunahme der seitlichen Zwängung die Horizontalrissbildung in den Plattenstegen zu‐ und die Längsrissbildung abnimmt. Trotz der ausgeprägten Horizontalrissbildung kam es in den Brandversuchen nicht zu‐ einer Ablösung des unteren Plattenspiegels. Ebenso zeigte sich kein negativer Einfluss der Horizontalrisse auf das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten der brandbeanspruchten Deckenkonstruktion. Die Ergebnisse aus den Brandversuchen stehen zukünftig zur Validierung numerischer Modelle zur Verfügung.
Neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells adaptation to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Akki Rachid , Siracusa Rosalba , Morabito Rossana , Remigante Alessia , Campolo Michela , Errami Mohammed , La Spada Giuseppina , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Marino Angela 
Published: February 2018

Preconditioning (PC) is a cell adaptive response to oxidative stress and, with regard to neurons, can be considered as a neuroprotective strategy. The aim of the present study was to verify how neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells adapt to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and, hence, whether may be considered as more sensitive cell model to study PC pathways. A first screening allowed to define H2O2 concentrations for PC (10μM‐50μM), applied before damage(100μM H2O2). Cell viability measured 24 hours after 100μM H2O2–induced damage was ameliorated by 24‐hour pre‐exposure to low‐concentration H2O2 (10μM‐30μM) with cell size as well restored. Markers for apoptosis (Bcl‐2 and Bad), inflammation (iNOS), and redox system (MnSOD) were also determined, showing that, in cells pre‐exposed to 10μM H2O2 and then submitted to 100μM H2O2, Bcl‐2 levels were higher, Bad and iNOS levels were lower than those observed in damaged cells, and MnSOD levels were unchanged. Such findings show that (1) neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC response and more sensitive to the effect of a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress with respect to other neuronal cells; (2) 10μM H2O2–induced PC is mediated by apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, unlike antioxidant system; (3) such neuroprotective strategy and underlying signals proven in neuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells may contribute to understand in vivo PC mechanisms and to define a window for pharmacological intervention, namely, related to ischemic brain damage.Significance of the studyNeuronal‐like differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells are a suitable model to investigate PC, an endogenous neuroprotective response to a mild and transient H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, elicited by 24‐hour exposure to very low H2O2 concentrations and mediated by both apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. This model reflects in vivo PC mechanisms occurring after brain trauma and provides novel information about pathways and time of protection useful for an appropriate pharmacological intervention.
Dual Labeling of the CBP/p300 KIX Domain for 19F NMR Leads to Identification of a New Small‐Molecule Binding Site
Authors: Gee Clifford T. , Arntson Keith E. , Koleski Edward J. , Staebell Rachel Lynn , Pomerantz William C. K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProtein‐Observed Fluorine NMR (PrOF NMR) spectroscopy is an emerging technique for screening and characterizing small‐molecule–protein interactions. The choice of which amino acid to label for PrOF NMR can be critical for analysis. Here we report the first use of a protein containing two different fluoroaromatic amino acids for NMR studies. Using the KIX domain of the CBP/p300 as a model system, we examine ligand binding of several small‐molecule compounds elaborated from our previous fragment screen and identify a new ligand binding site distinct from those used by native transcription factors. This site was further supported by computational modeling (FTMap and Schrödinger) and 1H,15N HSQC/HMQC NMR spectroscopy. Metabolic labeling with multiple fluorinated amino acids provides useful probes for further studying ligand binding and has led to new insight for allosterically regulating transcription‐factor protein interactions with small‐molecule ligands.
Graphene‐Based Carbocatalysts for Thermoset Polymers and for Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Organic Synthesis
Authors: Acocella Maria Rosaria , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis review reports on the catalytic activity of graphene oxide (GO) and high‐surface‐area graphite (HSAG) for some relevant organic reactions. It is shown that the main drawbacks of graphite‐based catalysts, that is, high catalyst loading and generally poor selectivity, can often be removed by operating under solvent‐free conditions. Moreover, some reactions that are catalyzed by GO as well as HSAG are presented. For these reactions, π stacking of the aromatic substrates with the graphitic planes plays a predominant role in the catalytic activity and the unexpected diastereoselective and enantioselective behaviors.
Recent Developments on the Use of Group 13 Metal Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Dagorne Samuel , Wehmschulte Rudolf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present Minireview highlights the most representative and emerging developments reported since 2012 on the use of well‐defined group 13 metal species in homogeneous catalysis. Apart from their use in polymerization catalysis, group 13 metal catalysts have primarily been developed for the functionalization of polar/unsaturated small molecules, with most reactions involving C−C, C−O or C−N double or triple bond functionalization (most frequently (C6F5)3Al and low‐coordinate Al cations). The exploitation of group 13 catalysts for CO2 functionalization chemistry has made remarkable advances over the past five years, including the development of Al‐ and Ga‐based complexes for CO2 hydrosilylation/hydroboration. Highly effective Al catalysts for the production of cyclic carbonates via CO2/epoxide coupling are also discussed. The emerging use of simple Group 13 metal Lewis pairs for the controlled polymerization of polar monomers is also reviewed.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐Based Therapeutics: Current Status and Future Opportunities beyond Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cheang Jia Ying , Moyle Peter M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is secreted by intestinal L‐cells following food intake, and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis due to its stimulation of glucose‐dependent insulin secretion. Further, GLP‐1 is also associated with protective effects on pancreatic β‐cells and the cardiovascular system, decreased appetite, and weight loss, making GLP‐1 derivatives an exciting treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Despite these benefits, wild‐type GLP‐1 exhibits a short circulation time due to its poor metabolic stability and rapid renal clearance, and must be administered by injection, making it a poor therapeutic agent. Many strategies have been used to improve the circulation time of GLP‐1 (e.g., mutations, unnatural amino acids, depot formulations, use of exendin‐4 sequences, and fusions with high‐molecular‐weight proteins or polymers), with its therapeutic utility further improved by adding agonist activity for gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon receptors. This minireview focuses on strategies that have been used to improve the pharmacokinetics of GLP‐1 and provides an overview of GLP‐1‐based therapeutics in the pipeline.
Learning‐based topic detection using multiple features
Authors: Zheng Hai‐Tao , Wang Zhe , Wang Wei , Sangaiah Arun Kumar , Xiao Xi , Zhao Congzhi 
Published: February 2018

SummaryRecently, microblog sites such as Twitter attract a great deal of attention as an information resource for topic detection task. Most of existing feature‐pivot topic detection algorithms in Twitter just take a single feature into account rather than multiple features. Thus, these methods always only detect the topics related to the single feature and miss some important topics, which causes a relatively low performance. In this paper, we build a flexible term representation framework for feature‐pivot topic detection based on four features. A Learning‐based Topic Detection using Multiple Features (LTDMF) method is proposed to improve the performance of topic detection. We define a correlation function based on a specific neural network to integrate various features. A Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) algorithm is applied to cluster terms as topics. Based on multiple features, LTDMF detects all types of topics and improves the accuracy of topic detection to solve the problem of missing topics. Experiments show that LTDMF gets a better performance compared with several baseline methods in terms of precision and recall.