bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Islands vs. Wellhead Towers: Search for Optimized Infrastructure for Shallow-Water Developments
Authors: Hess Joe , Franco Miguel , Gille Brian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper describes how a multidiscipline project team incorporated artificial islands with wellhead towers (WHTs) to develop an optimized drilling scenario reaching several hundred proposed drilling targets.
As part of an economic optimization plan for a field in shallow waters, a project was undertaken to explore a means of taking advantage of artificial islands to reduce field development time, costs, and potential risks. The team collaborated with multiple stakeholders to identify the fundamental objectives of the field development project. Advanced planning and visualization software made it possible to analyze various combinations of wellhead towers and artificial islands and their surface locations, with each combination representing a different drilling scenario. Each scenario was then evaluated based on four criteria: technical feasibility of well construction, total development cost, total time for development, and degree of potential risk.
This paper focuses on the methodology applied for this project, and results discussed are limited to two randomly selected scenarios and do not reflect the complete results of the numerous scenarios evaluated in this study, nor do they reflect any decisions made as a result of this study.
The results of the analysis demonstrated that the level of feasibility and potential risk varied greatly depending on the scenario chosen, which led to a potential project cost difference of more than several hundred million USD. Collaborative planning among all stakeholders allowed the analysis of the various development scenarios to be completed on time and on budget with fundamental objectives met.
Estrogenic activity, selected plasticizers and potential health risks associated with bottled water in South Africa
Authors: Aneck-Hahn Natalie H. , Van Zijl Magdalena C. , Swart Pieter , Truebody Barry , Genthe Bettina , Charmier Jessica , Jager Christiaan De 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in bottled water from various countries. In South Africa (SA), increased bottled water consumption and concomitant increases in plastic packaging create important consequences for public health. This study aimed to screen SA bottled water for estrogenic activity, selected target chemicals and assessing potential health risks. Ten bottled water brands were exposed to 20 °C and 40 °C over 10 days. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay. Solid phase extracts of samples were analyzed for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), selected phthalates, bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Using a scenario-based health risk assessment, human health risks associated with bottled water consumption were evaluated. Estrogenic activity was detected at 20 °C (n = 2) and at 40 °C (n = 8). Estradiol equivalent (EEq) values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 ng/L. BPA concentrations ranged from 0.9 ng/L to 10.06 ng/L. Although EEqs and BPA concentrations were higher in bottled water stored at 40 °C compared to 20 °C, samples posed an acceptable risk for a lifetime of exposure. Irrespective of temperature, bottled water from SA contained chemicals with acceptable health risks.
Relevance of n-butanol as a reference gas for odorants and complex odors
Authors: Feilberg Anders , Hansen Michael J. , Pontoppidan Ole , Oxbøl Arne , Jonassen Kristoffer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOdor analysis by olfactometry relies on the use of n-butanol as a reference compound for standardizing the selection of human panelists. This requires that human sensitivity towards n-butanol is correlated to sensitivity towards other odorants as well as complex odor mixtures. However, there is limited evidence in the literature of such correlations. In this work, datasets from three odor laboratories were investigated in order to clarify this. All panels routinely analyzed n-butanol and H2S samples. Two of the laboratories analyzed samples from pig production or industry, whereas one laboratory determined odor threshold values for typical pig production odorants. Non-significant correlations were observed in most cases and odor threshold values for structurally related compounds were not well correlated. The work presented strongly indicates that the sensitivity of odor panelists towards n-butanol is not well transferred to other odorants or odor samples. Furthermore, minimization of variance by using n-butanol is not transferable to other odorants or environmental samples. Thus, the harmonization of human panelists for odor analysis based on n-butanol does not appear to result in harmonization with respect to other odorants or odor samples.
Natural Terpenoids Against Female Breast Cancer: A 5-year Recent Research
Authors: Ateba Sylvin Benjamin , Mvondo Marie Alfrede , Ngeu Sadrine Tchoukouegno , Tchoumtchoua Job , Awounfack Charline Florence , Njamen Dieudonne , Krenn Liselotte 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The approval of Taxol® in 1993 marked the great entrance of terpenoids
in the anti-cancer area and this drug is still highly important in the treatment of refractory
ovarian, breast and other cancers. Over decades, other prominent natural terpenoids
have become indispensable for the modern pharmacotherapy of breast cancer. However,
given the rapid evolution of drug resistance, effective treatments for advanced breast cancers
requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy represent a major unmet clinical need. Therefore, innovative
agents effective in long-term chemotherapy are urgently needed.

Objective:
This review examines recent advances/research about natural terpenoids, and
their mechanisms against female breast cancer over the period covering January 1st, 2012 to
December 31st, 2016.

Results:
Carcinogenesis constitutes a multistep process wherein each stage is characterized
by distinct phenotypic changes. Numerous chemicals recorded in this review have been
shown to significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance, tumor angiogenesis
or metastasis in different breast cancer cells/tumours in vitro and in vivo. Targeting
simultaneously several or all these aspects/steps of cancer progression could be an advantage.
In line with this, phytochemicals such as thymoquinone (8), costunolide (46),
tanshinone IIA (132), triptolide (136), cucurbitacin B (179), celastrol (226) and lycopene
(238) had caught our attention.

Conclusion:
These compounds appear to be promising to overcome breast cancer treatment
failure. However, despite the interesting activities, additional preclinical investigations are
needed in further breast cancer cell/tumor models in vitro and in vivo.
Vitamin D Receptor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Kidney Diseases
Authors: Yang Shikun , Li Aimei , Wang JianWen , Liu Jun , Han Yachun , Zhang Wei , Li Yan Chun , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Kidney disease is a serious problem that adversely affects human
health, but critical knowledge is lacking on how to effectively treat established chronic kidney
disease. Mounting evidence from animal and clinical studies has suggested that Vitamin D Receptor
(VDR) activation has beneficial effects on various renal diseases.

Methods:
A structured search of published research literature regarding VDR structure and
function, VDR in various renal diseases (e.g., IgA nephropathy, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome,
renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis) and therapies targeting VDR was
performed for several databases.

Result:
Included in this study are the results from 177 published research articles. Evidence
from these papers indicates that VDR activation is involved in the protection against renal injury
in kidney diseases by a variety of mechanisms, including suppression of RAS activation,
anti-inflammation, inhibiting renal fibrogenesis, restoring mitochondrial function, suppression
of autoimmunity and renal cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
VDR offers an attractive druggable target for renal diseases. Increasing our understanding
of VDR in the kidney is a fertile area of research and may provide effective weapons
in the fight against kidney diseases.
Herbal Compounds with Special Reference to Gastrodin as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation
Authors: Li Juan-Juan , Liu Shun-Jin , Liu Xiao-Yu , Ling Eng-Ang 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Activated microglia play a pivotal role neurodegenerative diseases by producing
a variety of proinflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-
1beta (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) that are toxic to neurons and oligodendrocytes.

Methods:
In view of the above, suppression of microglia mediated neuroinflammation is deemed a
therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Several potential Chinese herbal extracts have been
reported to exert neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases targeting specifically at the
activated microglia. In this connection, the phenolic glucoside gastrodin, a main constituent of the Chinese
herbal medicine Gastrodia rhizoma, produced widely in the local community exhibits potential
neuroprotective effects through suppression of neurotoxic proinflammatory mediators.

Results:
Here, we first review the roles of activated microglia in different brain diseases. The effects of
gastrodin on activated microglia are then considered. We have identified gastrodin as a putative therapeutic
agent as it has been found to suppress microglial activation thus ameliorating neuroinflammation.
More importantly, gastrodin downregulates the expression of renin angiotensin system (RAS) and production
of proinflammatory mediators. Remarkably, gastrodin promotes Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) up-regulation
and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2 (NOX-2) down-regulation after ischemichypoxia
in activated microglia mediated by AT1 or AT2 receptors which are angiotensin II receptors subtypes,
indicating a possible molecular link between RAS and Sirt3 survival genes.

Conclusion:
This review summarizes the beneficial effects of gastrodin acting on activated microglia
along with other herbal compounds. Its efficacy in neuroprotection is consistent with some common
herbal products in China.
Antioxidant and Prebiotic Properties of γ- Radiation Processed Alginate
Authors: Anant Bhoir Shraddha , Pritamdas Chawla Surinder 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Recently, many carbohydrates and their derivatives are being investigated for
bioactivity. In the present study, we aimed at developing a novel antioxidant and prebiotic component
by radiation processing of sodium alginate.
</P><P>
Method: Gamma irradiated (0.5 to 40 kGy) aqueous solution of sodium alginate was characterised by
UV-visible, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography
(TLC) analysis. Antioxidant potential of processed alginate was determined using different in vitro
assays and prebiotic activity was evaluated by co-culturing of E. coli and Lactobacillus plantarum.
</P><P>
Observation: Approximately, 50% of superoxide radicals and 75% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radicals were scavenged by oligomers at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively.
The ability to chelate iron and to inhibit the oxidation of β-carotene was not affected. Radiation processing
improved the prebiotic activities as seen by enhanced cell number of L. plantarum by one log and
reduction in E. coli count. The efficiency in reducing E. coli depended directly on the absorbed dose.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that radiation processing of alginate is a practical method for improving its
antioxidant and prebiotic activity and thus improving the applicability of alginate in nutraceutical industries.
Trends in transfusion rates after the FOCUS trial
Authors: Howard David H , Roback John D , Murphy David J 
Published: February 2018

Aim:
We estimate the impact of the FOCUS trial, which concluded that hip surgery patients with hemoglobin values above 8 g/dl do not benefit from routine transfusions, on transfusion rates.
Methods:
We evaluated trends in transfusion rates using inpatient discharge data from four states.
Results:
The transfusion rate was 5.2 percentage points lower in the fourth quarter of 2013 than it would have been had pre-FOCUS trends continued. Transfusion rates declined more in hospitals with a low end-of-life treatment intensity index, a general measure of treatment intensity.
Conclusion:
The FOCUS trial affected practice, but there are additional opportunities to reduce the use of transfusions.
Drowning the Greek economy: Injurious speech and sovereign debt
Authors: Donnelly Faye , Vlcek William 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDrawing on Judith Butler's concept of injurious speech, this article conceptualises the ‘Grexit’ crisis as a series of performances. More specifically, we investigate how the Greek government framed the bailout plans tabled by the Troika as a form of torture. By adopting phrases such as ‘fiscal water-boarding’, ‘asphyxiation’, and ‘suicide’, the Syriza government sought to narrate the harm inflicted on Greece by its creditors. Paying attention to this language is important as it casts new light on how Greek sovereign debt has been framed, negotiated, and contested. In many ways, the overarching objective of this article is to tell a different story that takes discursive transitivity and restaging into account. By shifting the emphasis onto injurious speech, the article also brings the unintended effects of this language into focus. Despite the recurrent accusations made by Syriza as it attempted to resolve the Greek sovereign debt crisis, this article questions whether their bargaining strategy ‘misfired’. On closer consideration, we find that the injurious speech acts performed by the Syriza government compromised their ability to negotiate a third bailout deal in 2015. The observations remind us that words can wound in ambivalent ways.
Increasing Childhood Influenza Vaccinations at the Community Pharmacy in Pennsylvania: Important Factors to Parents and Their Peers—A Pilot Study
Authors: Mayer Danielle , Frontino Melissa , Melissen Patricia , Yu Daohai , PatelShori Nima 
Published: February 2018

Objective: The primary objective was to identify factors that would motivate an adult to bring a child into the community pharmacy for an influenza vaccination via a pilot study conducted in Pennsylvania.
Design: This was a multi-site, cross-sectional, exploratory, survey-based pilot study.
Setting: Participants were identified at three grocery store community pharmacies in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Results: A total of 349 surveys were collected over the study period and 325 participant surveys were included in the analysis. Receiving a vaccine in fifteen minutes or less (140; 74%) and not needing an appointment (142; 75%) were the top motivating factors for parents. Privacy, increased knowledge, and pharmacist counseling were identified as motivating factors for ninety-five (51%), eighty-nine (48%), and eighty-four (45%) parents, respectively. Cost was a barrier for eighty-eight parents (47%).The motivators and barriers for peers, those without children who might influence a parental decision, were similar to those of parents, however, more peers identified a child friendly environment (45% vs. 32%; p=0.02) and pharmacist counseling (57% vs. 45%; p=0.03) as motivators.
Conclusion: The opportunity to receive an influenza vaccination quickly, without an appointment, are the most important factors to parents and peers. Factors of cost, counseling, and increased access to educational materials are of moderate importance.

Conflict of Interest: None
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted

Type: Original Research
Brote de enfermedad transmitida por alimento en una escuela pública. Compañía Ñupua Ñuami, Distrito de Mbuyapey. Paraguarí, Paraguay 2017
Authors: Ovelar Pereira Rosa Daniela 
Published: February 2018

Las Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos (ETA) están relacionadas a la ingestión de alimentos y/o agua contaminados, capaz de alterar la salud de las personas, es una de las enfermedades con alta morbilidad, siendo un problema dentro del sistema de vigilancia y la salud pública. Varios agentes son causales de infecciones de origen alimentario con prevalencia en personas jóvenes, mayores e inmunodeprimidos con cuadro clínico leve, moderado o grave, e incluso llevando a la mortalidad. La Shigella es un tipo de bacteria que puede infectar el aparato digestivo, provocando síntomas como diarrea, vómito, náuseas, fiebre, dolores abdominales, heces sanguinolentas; la Shigella Flexneri es una bacteria Gram negativa de la familia Enterobacteriaceae y pertenece al serotipo B de Shigella.Para que se produzca la enfermedad transmitida por alimentos en el ser humano existen múltiples factores asociados como la conservación de alimentos, la manipulación, almacenamiento, cocción, tiempo de espera para el consumo y contaminación del agua.Esta investigación es un estudio de brote de ETA en una Escuela Pública de la compañía Ñuapua Nuami dependiente del Distrito de Mbuyapey del Departamento de Paraguarí en personas que consumieron alimentos y bebieron agua del pozo en el almuerzo escolar preparado por cocineras de la institución educativa.
Depresión y ansiedad como factores de riesgo en ideación suicida en pacientes con adicciones del Centro Nacional de Control de Adicciones de Asunción, Año 2017
Authors: Marengo Velázquez Samuel Ysaac , Bogado Aquino Juan Sebastián 
Published: February 2018

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) la adicción es una enfermedad física y psicoemocional que crea una dependencia hacia una sustancia, actividad o relación. En el subcontinente Sudamericano esto se ha vuelto un problema muy grande, ya que no solo está en el consumo, sino en la producción, pues es Sudamérica el máximo productor de drogas en el mundo. En Paraguay las adicciones son un problema que cada vez más se acrecienta y no tiene distinción de clases, pues afecta absolutamente a todos los estratos de la sociedad. El país cuenta con una institución pública bajo la tutela del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSPBS), que es el único abocado al tratamiento integral de las personas con problemas de adicción que es el Centro Nacional de Control de Adicciones (CNCA). La ansiedad y la depresión son factores de riesgo para la ideación suicida, entiéndase por ideación suicida como pensamiento reiterativo y persistente de autoprovocarse la muerte y en los pacientes en estados de adicción estos son más pronunciados sobre todo en el periodo desintoxicación.
Comportamientos de riesgo para transmisión de VIH en mujeres indígenas del Paraguay. Año 2016
Authors: Ortiz Analía , Aguilar Gloria , Estigarribia Gladys , Kawabata Anibal , Muñoz Sergio , Schwart Benzaken Adele , Miranda Espínoza Angélica 
Published: February 2018

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), estima 10,6 millones de casos nuevos de sífilis por año, siendo una causa importante de preocupación para la salud pública, debido a las consecuencias que esto implica para la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres. En el Paraguay la prevalencia de sífilis en puérperas fue del 4% en el año 2012. La epidemia mundial de VIH tiene un impacto desproporcionado en los grupos marginados de personas, las minorías raciales y étnicas, incluidos los pueblos indígenas. Las desigualdades socioeconómicas que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas incluyen: la pobreza, el uso indebido de sustancias, la falta de vivienda y el acceso desigual a la atención de salud conllevan un mayor riesgo de infección por VIH A pesar de la evidencia de una mayor vulnerabilidad al VIH entre las mujeres indígenas, pocas estrategias de prevención son sensibles al género, y aún menos se han centrado en las mujeres indígenas. En este contexto, se realiza esta investigación para analizar determinar los comportamientos de riesgo que predisponen a la trasmisión de sífilis en mujeres indígenas en el Paraguay.
Gobernanza de la educación superior. El rol del aseguramiento de la calidad. Los casos de Argentina y Chile
Authors: Robledo Y. María Del Rocío 
Published: February 2018

En la década del 90, los organismos internacionales como el Banco Mundial (BM) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), prescribieron políticas económicas, buscando impacto social y político en los países de América Latina, entre las cuales aparece la educación superior como agente para el desarrollo económico y social, lo cual fue apoyado con financiamiento de estos organismos a las reformas del sector. En este contexto, se conforma una nueva agenda para el debate de la educación superior, que hace relación con el rol del Estado y la autonomía institucional, la rendición de cuentas y las demandas de información pública y los nuevos actores de la educación superior, todo ello en un marco de libertades sociopolíticas e intelectuales, que buscan precautelar la confianza social en la educación superior y favorecer la gobernabilidad del sistema, con demandas de contribución al desarrollo económico y social de los países (Banco Mundial, 2000). El enfoque economicista de estas medidas es contestado por UNESCO y CEPAL, con una aproximación más humanista. El sustento de una articulación efectiva entre el Estado y la sociedad se construye sobre la base de acuerdos entre los gobernantes y una mayoría representativa de la sociedad afectada, es por ello que las constituciones de América Latina hacen responsable al Estado de garantizar el acceso y la calidad de la educación como derecho consagrado.
Socioantropología de la religión en México. Historia y horizontes
Authors: Suárez Hugo José 
Published: February 2018

Introducción a la sección temática del número 24 de la revista Cultura y Representaciones Sociales:Renée de la Torre, Itinerarios teórico-metodológicos de una etnografía transnacionalAlejandro Frigerio, ¿Por qué no podemos ver la diversidad religiosa?: Cuestionando el paradigma católico-céntrico en el estudio de la religión en LatinoaméricaCarlos Garma, Conversión y movilidad religiosa, propuesta para su análisisFernando Manuel González, Algunas de las paradojas del creer: una mirada psicoanalítica, sociológica y antropológica Hugo José Suárez, ¿Por qué la religión es indestructible? Entrevista a Gilberto GiménezTexto y fotos: Daniel David Rubín de la Borbolla. Un Santo Parrandero. Las fiestas de San Juan Parrandero en Jiutepec
Son üç Yılda Kliniğimizde İzlenen Diyabetik Ayak İnfeksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Konya Petek , Demirtürk Neşe 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde tedavi gören
Diabetik ayak İnfeksiyonlu (DAİ) hastaların retrospektif olarak
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kliniğinimizde Ocak 2011- Ocak 2014
yılları arasında takip edilen tüm hastaların klinik bulguları ve tedavi
sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik verileri,
diyabetin tipi, PEDIS sınıflamasına gore diyabetik ayak evrelemesi, aldıkları
tedaviler ve tedavi sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 39’u
(%73.6) erkek, 14’ü (%26.4) kadındı. Yaşları 44 ile 89 arasında değişmekte olup
ortalama yaş 67.28±12.5 olarak hesaplandı..OlgularPedis sınıflamasına gore
değerlendirildiğinde 28 (%52.8) hasta grade 2, 23 hasta (% 43.4) grade 3 ve 2
hasta (%3,8) grade 4 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sonuç: Her geçen gün sıklığı artan DAİ’nın
tanı ve takibinde, bölgesel verilerin paylaşılması, ülkemizdeki etiyoloji ve
uygun ampirik antimikrobiyal tedavinin belirlenmesi açısından önemlidir.