bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Stage Cooling and Exhumation of Deeply Subducted Continents
Authors: Cutts J. A. , Smit M. A. , Kooijman E. , Schmitt M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe burial and exhumation of continental crust during collisional orogeny exert a strong control on the dynamics of mountain belts and plateaus. Constraining the rates and style of exhumation of deeply buried crust has proven difficult due to complexities in the local geology and thermochronometric methods typically used. To advance this field, we applied trace‐element and U‐Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses to rutile from eclogite and amphibolite samples from the Western Gneiss Complex of Norway—an archetypal continental (ultra)high‐pressure (UHP) terrane. Peak temperature and timing of midcrustal cooling were constrained for samples collected along a subduction‐ and exhumation‐parallel transect, using Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry and U‐Pb rutile geochronology, respectively. Peak temperatures decrease from 830 °C in the UHP domain to 730 °C at the UHP‐HP transition, remain constant at 730 °C across most of the terrane, and decrease to 620 °C at the eclogite‐out boundary. U‐Pb results show that most of the terrane cooled through 500 °C at 380–375 Ma except for the lowest grade region, where cooling occurred approximately 20 million years earlier. The results indicate that exhumation was a two stage process, involving (1) flexural rebound and slab flattening at depth combined with foreland‐directed extrusion, followed by (2) synchronous cooling below 500 °C across the, by then, largely flat‐lying Western Gneiss Complex. The latter implies and requires relatively homogeneous mass removal across a large area, consistent with erosion of an overlying orogenic plateau. The Caledonides were at near‐equatorial latitudes at the time. A Caledonian paleo‐plateau thus may represent a so far unrecognized factor in Devonian and Carboniferous atmospheric circulation and climate forcing.
Added Value of Large Ensemble Simulations for Assessing Extreme River Discharge in a 2 °C Warmer World
Authors: van der Wiel K. , Wanders N. , Selten F. M. , Bierkens M. F. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe assessment of return periods of extreme hydrological events often relies on statistical analysis using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. Here we compare the traditional GEV approach with a novel large ensemble approach to determine the added value of a direct, empirical distribution‐based estimate of extreme hydrological events. Using the global climate and hydrological models EC‐Earth and PCR‐GLOBWB, we simulate 2,000 years of global hydrology for a present‐day and 2 °C warmer climate. We show that the GEV method has inherent limitations in estimating changes in hydrological extremes, especially for compound hydrological events. The large ensemble method does not suffer from these limitations and quantifies the impacts of climate change with greater precision. The explicit simulation of extreme events enables better hydrological process understanding. We conclude that future studies focusing on the impact of climatic changes on hydrological extremes should use large ensemble techniques to properly account for these rare hydrological events.
Recent increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates
Authors: Bhatia Kieran T. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Knutson Thomas R. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Kossin James , Dixon Keith W. , Whitlock Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones that rapidly intensify are typically associated with the highest forecast errors and cause a disproportionate amount of human and financial losses. Therefore, it is crucial to understand if, and why, there are observed upward trends in tropical cyclone intensification rates. Here, we utilize two observational datasets to calculate 24-hour wind speed changes over the period 1982–2009. We compare the observed trends to natural variability in bias-corrected, high-resolution, global coupled model experiments that accurately simulate the climatological distribution of tropical cyclone intensification. Both observed datasets show significant increases in tropical cyclone intensification rates in the Atlantic basin that are highly unusual compared to model-based estimates of internal climate variations. Our results suggest a detectable increase of Atlantic intensification rates with a positive contribution from anthropogenic forcing and reveal a need for more reliable data before detecting a robust trend at the global scale.
Post-translational regulation of lipogenesis via AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of insulin-induced gene
Authors: Han Yamei , Hu Zhimin , Cui Aoyuan , Liu Zhengshuai , Ma Fengguang , Xue Yaqian , Liu Yuxiao , Zhang Feifei , Zhao Zehua , Yu Yanyan , Gao Jing , Wei Chun , Li Jingya , Fang Jing , Li Jia , Fan Jian-Gao , Song Bao-Liang , Li Yu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInsulin-induced gene (Insig) negatively regulates SREBP-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis in the liver. However, the upstream regulation of Insig is incompletely understood. Here we report that AMPK interacts with and mediates phosphorylation of Insig. Thr222 phosphorylation following AMPK activation is required for protein stabilization of Insig-1, inhibition of cleavage and processing of SREBP-1, and lipogenic gene expression in response to metformin or A769662. AMPK-dependent phosphorylation ablates Insig’s interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligase gp78 and represses its ubiquitination and degradation, whereas AMPK deficiency shows opposite effects. Interestingly, activation of AMPK by metformin causes an augmentation of Insig stability and reduction of lipogenic gene expression, and leads to the attenuation of hepatic steatosis in HFHS diet-fed mice. Moreover, hepatic overexpression of Insig-1 rescues hepatic steatosis in liver-specific AMPKα2 knockout mice fed with HFHS diet. These findings uncover a novel effector of AMPK. Targeting Insig may have the therapeutic potential for treating fatty liver disease and related disorders.
In silico re-assessment of a diagnostic RT-qPCR assay for universal detection of Influenza A viruses
Authors: Nagy Alexander , Jiřinec Tomáš , Jiřincová Helena , Černíková Lenka , Havlíčková Martina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ongoing evolution of microbial pathogens represents a significant issue in diagnostic PCR/qPCR. Many assays are burdened with false negativity due to mispriming and/or probe-binding failures. Therefore, PCR/qPCR assays used in the laboratory should be periodically re-assessed in silico on public sequences to evaluate the ability to detect actually circulating strains and to infer potentially escaping variants. In the work presented we re-assessed a RT-qPCR assay for the universal detection of influenza A (IA) viruses currently recommended by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza. To this end, the primers and probe sequences were challenged against more than 99,000 M-segment sequences in five data pools. To streamline this process, we developed a simple algorithm called the SequenceTracer designed for alignment stratification, compression, and personal sequence subset selection and also demonstrated its utility. The re-assessment confirmed the high inclusivity of the assay for the detection of avian, swine and human pandemic H1N1 IA viruses. On the other hand, the analysis identified human H3N2 strains with a critical probe-interfering mutation circulating since 2010, albeit with a significantly fluctuating proportion. Minor variations located in the forward and reverse primers identified in the avian and swine data were also considered.
Notch signaling facilitates hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription via cAMP response element-binding protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase-modulation
Authors: Wang Zijing , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Honda Masao , Hashimoto Shinichi , Shirasaki Takayoshi , Okada Hikari , Orita Noriaki , Shimakami Tetsuro , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Murakami Seishi , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNotch1 is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, with proteasomal degradation of the Notch intracellular domain affecting the transcription of target genes. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) mediates the transcription of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We assessed the relationship between HBV cccDNA and Notch signaling activities. HBV cccDNA levels and relative gene expression were evaluated in HBV-replicating cells treated with Jagged1 shRNA and a γ-secretase inhibitor. The effects of these factors in surgically resected clinical samples were also assessed. Notch inhibition suppressed HBV cccDNA and CREB-related expression but increased ITCH and NUMB levels. Proteasome inhibitor augmented HBV cccDNA, restored Notch and CREB expression, and inhibited ITCH and NUMB function. Increased HBV cccDNA was observed after ITCH and NUMB blockage, even after treatment with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin; protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor had the opposite effect. Notch activation and E3 ligase inactivation were observed in HBV-positive cells in clinical liver tissue. Collectively, these findings reveal that Notch signaling activity facilitates HBV cccDNA transcription via CREB to trigger the downstream PKA-phospho-CREB cascade and is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase-modulation of the Notch intracellular domain.
Comparative transcriptomics approach in elucidation of carotenoid biosynthesis regulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Chettry Upasna , Chrungoo Nikhil K. , Kulkarni Kirti 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEstimation of phytoene, lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin in grains of white, brown and purple cultivars of rice revealed marked differences in the levels of these carotenoid intermediates amongst the cultivars. Grains of white rice did not show any significant accumulation of carotenoid intermediates at any stage of development. On the other hand, grains of the purple cultivar accumulated 49.16 ± 5 µg of β-carotene, 28.89 ± 3.2 µg of lutein and 34.65 ± 4.6 µg of zeaxanthin per gm of grain fresh weight. In addition to PSY1, higher expression of βLCY than εLCY appears to be an important factor in determining the flux of pathway towards synthesis of β-β branch carotenoids in purple rice. This cultivar showed a higher fold change in carotenoid precursors during transition from milky to doughing stages and an enhanced flux of lycopene towards β-carotene during grain maturation. Our results indicate that higher level of carotenoids in purple rice is a consequence of higher expression of genes involved in pyruvate metabolism as well as those involved in carotenoid biosynthesis such as PSY1, PDS and β-LCY. Co-expression networking revealed a strong positive relationship between the expression profiles of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and genes coding for geranylgeranyl transferase type II, glutathione S-transferase, DnaJ and SET domain containing proteins as well as MADS26 and R2R3MYB family of transcription factors.
Risk‐constrained energy management of PV integrated smart energy hub in the presence of demand response program and compressed air energy storage
Authors: Jadidbonab Mohammad , Dolatabadi Amirhossein , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Abapour Mehdi , Asadi Somayeh 
Published: February 2019

Multi‐carrier energy systems create new challenges as well as opportunities in future energy systems. One of these challenges is the interaction among different energy hubs’ facilities and various operational parameters on the scheduling of the energy hub systems. This paper deals with the problem of optimal scheduling of smart residential energy hub (SREH) considering the different uncertain parameters. The effect of the market prices, demands and solar radiation uncertainties on the SREH scheduling problem is characterised through a risk‐constrained two‐stage stochastic programming model. The objective of the proposed scheduling problem is to determine the least‐cost 24 h operation of the facilities that would cover the cooling, thermal and electrical demands. The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to model the inaccuracies of solar radiation, energy demands, and electricity market prices. Additionally, a proper scenario‐reduction algorithm is employed to reduce the number of scenarios and simulation burden. The proposed approach evaluates the impacts of different values of risk aversion parameter and the utility of the demand response program on the optimal solution of the proposed PV integrated SREH scheduling. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to confirm the efficiency and the applicability of the proposed approach.
Influence of Different Methods of Intrapartum Analgesia on the Progress of Labour and on Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Ortiz Javier , Hammerl Thomas , Wasmaier Maria , Wienerroither Valerie , Haller Bernhard , Hamann Moritz , Kuschel Bettina , Lobmaier Silvia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Various methods of intrapartum analgesia are available these days. Pethidine, meptazinol and epidural analgesia are among the most commonly used techniques. A relatively new one is patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil, although the experiences published so far in Germany are limited. Our goal was to study the influence of these analgesic techniques (opioids vs. patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil vs. epidural analgesia) on the second stage of labour and on perinatal outcome.
Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective study with 254 parturients. The women were divided into 4 groups based on the analgesic technique and matched for parity, maternal age and gestational age (opioids n = 64, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil n = 60, epidural analgesia n = 64, controls without the medicinal products mentioned n = 66). Maternal, fetal and neonatal data were analysed.
Results The expulsive stage was prolonged among both primiparas and multiparas with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil (79 [74] vs. 44 [55] min, p = 0.016, and 28 [68] vs. 10 [11] min, p < 0.001, respectively) and epidural analgesia (90 [92] vs. 44 [55] min, p = 0.004, and 22.5 [73] vs. 10 [11] min, p = 0.003, respectively) compared with the controls. The length of the pushing stage was similar among primiparas in all groups but prolonged compared with the controls in multiparas with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil (15 [17] vs. 5 [7] min, p = 0.001) and epidural analgesia (10 [15] vs. 5 [7] min, p = 0.006). The Apgar, umbilical arterial pH and base excess values were similar between the groups, as were the rates of acidosis and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Conclusion Parturients with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil and epidural analgesia showed a prolonged expulsive stage compared with the opioid group and controls. The short-term neonatal outcome was not influenced by the three methods examined.
Aortic Arch Thrombosis Associated with Fetal Cytomegalovirus Viremia
Authors: Yapar Eyi Elif , Altuğ Nahide 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus(CMV) associated thrombosis has been reported sporadically in the medical literature; however, its antenatal scenario has not been documented. We herein present the antenatal, Doppler's ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiographic features of thrombosis in the aortic arch showing extension toward the medial lumen of the brachiocephalic trunk with critical occlusion of the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery in a term fetus to raise obstetricians'/ neonatologists'/pediatric cardiologists' awareness for the association between CMV viremia and intrauterine thrombosis that caused cerebral injury, neurodevelopmental impairment, and permanent sequela.
Image-Guided Ablation of Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases
Authors: Hinshaw J. , Moore Kelli , Rastogi Monika 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that require a multidisciplinary process to determine the most appropriate approach for patient management and therapy. Over time, the treatment algorithms have continuously evolved as the options have improved and changed. This manuscript reviews the current and potential role of image-guided ablation in the treatment of patients with metastatic NET to the liver. While some attention will be devoted to the basics of ablation, the focus will be on the role of image-guided ablation in these patients and issues specific to the treatment of NET's liver metastases with ablation.
Multilevel Spinal Combined Subdural/Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Resulting in Paraplegia: An Unusual Complication of Kyphoplasty
Authors: von der Brelie C. , Fiss I. , Rohde V. 
Published: February 2019

Background Paraplegia due to spinal combined subdural/subarachnoid hemorrhage is an extremely rare complication following percutaneous spinal augmentation procedures.
Methods A 63-year-old male patient presented with severe neurologic decline (paraplegia with sensory and autonomic dysfunction) resulting from a multilevel spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage shortly after bilateral kyphoplasty.
Results Reduction of intrathecal pressure via multiple dural and arachnoidal incisions and removal of the hematoma resulted in a good neurologic recovery with surgical decompression even though evacuation was performed with a significant delay after the onset of neurologic worsening.
Conclusion Spinal augmentation procedures should only be performed in a setting where management of complications can also be diagnosed and performed. Robot-assisted or navigation-assisted pedicle perforation should be considered because complications can be reduced significantly.
Medium-Term Results after Surgical Treatment of High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Evangelopoulos Dimitrios , Chalikias Stavros , Michalos Mihail , Vasilakos Dimitrios , Pappa Eleni , Zisis Konstantinos , Koundis George , Kokoroghiannis Constantine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of the article is to present the medium-term results of surgical treatment of Schatzker's IV, V, and VI tibial plateau fractures, in a retrospective study of 22 patients at a level-1 trauma center. Twenty-two of 34 patients with Schatzker's IV–VI fractures completed follow-up at a mean of 56 months (range: 7–103 months). Patients' mean age was 47.6 years (range: 18–76 years). Open reduction and internal fixation were performed in 16 patients, while external fixators were used in the remaining six patents. Patients were assessed radiologically for the presence of arthritis using the Kellgren–Lawrence scale. Functional outcomes were measured using the Lysholm's knee score, knee injury, and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Quality of life was also assessed postoperatively using the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) form and EQ-VAS (visual analogue scale) score. There were no postoperative infections and no fracture went on to nonunion. Absence of arthritic change was noted in only 6.3% of cases. The average KOOS score was 80 and the average Lysholm's score was 84.91. Regarding the postoperative quality of life, mobility was impaired in 45.5%, self-care in 27.3%, and usual activities in 36.3% of patients. Pain or discomfort was reported in 77.2% and anxiety or depression in 40.9% of cases. The mean VAS score was 77.8. Eighty percent of patients had returned to their previous activities at the time of last follow-up. Although complex tibial plateau fractures are associated with a high rate of complications and can have a severe impact on the injured knee, most patients had quite satisfactory results during their medium-term clinical evaluation, in our study. It is a Level IV case series study.
Cementless 3D Printed Highly Porous Titanium-Coated Baseplate Total Knee Arthroplasty: Survivorship and Outcomes at 2-Year Minimum Follow-Up
Authors: Sultan Assem A. , Mahmood Bilal , Samuel Linsen T. , Stearns Kim L. , Molloy Robert M. , Moskal Joseph T. , Krebs Viktor E. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNewer generation cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants continue to develop with demonstrated clinical success in multiple recent reports. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) survivorship, (2) complications, and (3) clinical outcomes of a newer generation cementless and highly porous titanium-coated base plate manufactured using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. We reviewed a single-surgeon, longitudinally maintained database of patients who underwent primary TKA using cementless, highly porous titanium-coated base plate implants from July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. A total of 523 patients were identified. Of this cohort, 496 patients had a minimum of 2-year follow-up and were included in our final analysis. Among these patients, 72 had bilateral TKA yielding a total of 568 TKAs. There were 133 men and 363 women who had a mean body mass index of 33 kg/m2 (range, 20–61 kg/m2). The mean age was 66 years (range, 33–88 years). Average follow-up was 36 months (range, 24–48 months). Indications for TKA included osteoarthritis in 432 patients (87%), rheumatoid arthritis in 40 patients (8%), and knee osteonecrosis in 24 (5%) patients. Implant survivorship was defined as any revision leading to explantation of the base plate for any reason. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to determine all-cause implant survivorship at final follow-up for every patient. Complications were assessed using the Knee Society standardized list of TKA complications. Clinical outcomes were determined using the Knee Society pain and function scores. Range-of-motion values were also collected. There were a total of four failures, all were due to aseptic loosening with a survivorship rate of 99% at mean follow-up of 3 years (95% confidence interval = 0.984–0.999). In addition, there were a total of 12 surgical and 10 medical complications. Surgical complications did not affect the base plate or result in any additional implant revisions. A total of nine patients had thromboembolic disease complications; all received medical treatment and recovered adequately. Radiological evaluation did not show any signs of loosening or failures in other patients at final follow-up. Knee Society Scores for pain and function improved from 55 and 56 points preoperatively to 92 and 84 points at 2 years postoperatively. Our results are in concordance with the excellent clinical outcomes and survivorship demonstrated for the newer generation cementless TKA implants. In our experience, 3D printed titanium base plates demonstrated clinical success and excellent survivorship at minimum follow-up of 2 years.
Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Predictive Factors Associated with the Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bonasia Davide E. , Palazzolo Anna , Cottino Umberto , Saccia Francesco , Mazzola Claudio , Rosso Federica , Rossi Roberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a valuable treatment option for advanced osteoarthritis in patients unresponsive to conservative treatments. Despite overall satisfactory results, the rate of unsatisfied patients after TKA remains high, ranging from 5 to 40%. Different modifiable and nonmodifiable prognostic factors associated with TKA outcomes have been described. The correction, whenever possible, of modifiable factors is fundamental in preoperative patients' optimization protocols. Nonmodifiable factors can help in predicting the outcomes and creating the right expectations in the patients undergoing TKA. The goal of this review is to summarize the modifiable and nonmodifiable prognostic factors associated with TKA outcomes.