bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics and mixing in buoyancy-driven near-bottom stratified flow
Authors: Puthan Pranav , Jalali Masoud , Chalamalla Vamsi K. , Sarkar Sutanu 
Published: April 2019

Turbulence and mixing in a near-bottom convectively driven flow are examined by numerical simulations of a model problem: a statically unstable disturbance at a slope with inclination

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$

in a stable background with buoyancy frequency

$N$

. The influence of slope angle and initial disturbance amplitude are quantified in a parametric study. The flow evolution involves energy exchange between four energy reservoirs, namely the mean and turbulent components of kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE). In contrast to the zero-slope case where the mean flow is negligible, the presence of a slope leads to a current that oscillates with

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}=N\sin \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$

and qualitatively changes the subsequent evolution of the initial density disturbance. The frequency,

$N\sin \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$

, and the initial speed of the current are predicted using linear theory. The energy transfer in the sloping cases is dominated by an oscillatory exchange between mean APE and mean KE with a transfer to turbulence at specific phases. In all simulated cases, the positive buoyancy flux during episodes of convective instability at the zero-velocity phase is the dominant contributor to turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) although the shear production becomes increasingly important with increasing

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$

. Energy that initially resides wholly in mean available potential energy is lost through conversion to turbulence and the subsequent dissipation of TKE and turbulent available potential energy. A key result is that, in contrast to the explosive loss of energy during the initial convective instability in the non-sloping case, the sloping cases exhibit a more gradual energy loss that is sustained over a long time interval. The slope-parallel oscillation introduces a new flow time scale

$T=2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/(N\sin \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$

and, consequently, the fraction of initial APE that is converted to turbulence during convective instability progressively decreases with increasing

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$

. For moderate slopes with

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}<10^{\circ }$

, most of the net energy loss takes place during an initial, short (

$Nt\approx 20$

) interval with periodic convective overturns. For steeper slopes, most of the energy loss takes place during a later, long (

$Nt>100$

) interval when both shear and convective instability occur, and the energy loss rate is approximately constant. The mixing efficiency during the initial period dominated by convectively driven turbulence is found to be substantially higher (exceeds 0.5) than the widely used value of 0.2. The mixing efficiency at long time in the present problem of a convective overturn at a boundary varies between 0.24 and 0.3.
GROUPOIDS AND RELATIVE INTERNALITY
Authors: JIMENEZ LÉO 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn a stable theory, a stationary type $q \in S\left( A \right)$ internal to a family of partial types ${\cal P}$ over A gives rise to a type-definable group, called its binding group. This group is isomorphic to the group $Aut\left( {q/{\cal P},A} \right)$ of permutations of the set of realizations of q, induced by automorphisms of the monster model, fixing ${\cal P}\,\mathop \cup \nolimits \,A$ pointwise. In this article, we investigate families of internal types varying uniformly, what we will call relative internality. We prove that the binding groups also vary uniformly, and are the isotropy groups of a natural type-definable groupoid (and even more). We then investigate how properties of this groupoid are related to properties of the type. In particular, we obtain internality criteria for certain 2-analysable types, and a sufficient condition for a type to preserve internality.
Oil income and the personalization of autocratic politics
Authors: Fails Matthew D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPersonalist regimes are more reliant on natural resource rents than other models of autocracy, but the direction of causation is unclear. Resource wealth could finance patronage and allow leaders to skip construction of institutionalized systems of rule, leading to more personalized autocracies. Conversely, personalist leaders may increase resource extraction, since diversifying the economy could increase the power of rivals. I use data on the degree of personalism and level of oil income to disentangle these interpretations. The results show that increases in oil income are associated with subsequent increases in personalism within autocracies. Since personalist regimes are less likely to successfully democratize, the results also provide important evidence as to why oil impedes democracy.
Chronology of a Fortified Mississippian Village in the Central Illinois River Valley
Authors: Krus Anthony M , Herrmann Edward W , Pike Matthew D , Monaghan G William , Wilson Jeremy J 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTGeophysical survey and excavations from 2010–2016 at Lawrenz Gun Club (11CS4), a late pre-Columbian village located in the central Illinois River valley in Illinois, identified 10 mounds, a central plaza, and dozens of structures enclosed within a stout 10 hectare bastioned palisade. Nineteen radiocarbon (14C) measurements were taken from single entities of wood charcoal, short-lived plants, and animal bones. A site chronology has been constructed using a Bayesian approach that considers the stratigraphic contexts and feature formation processes. The village was host to hundreds of years of continuous human activity during the Mississippi Period. Mississippian activity at the site is estimated to have begun incal AD 990–1165 (95% probability), ended incal AD 1295–1450 (95% probability), and lasted150–420 yr (95% probability)in the primary Bayesian model with similar results obtained in two alternative models. The palisade is estimated to have been constructed incal AD 1150–1230 (95% probability)and was continuously repaired and rebuilt for15–125 yr (95% probability), probably for40–85 yr (68% probability). Comparison to other studies demonstrates that the bastioned palisade at Lawrenz was one of the earliest constructed in the midcontinental United States.
Exploring the role of trust in health risk communication in Nunavik, Canada
Authors: Boyd Amanda D. , Furgal Chris M. , Mayeda Alyssa M. , Jardine Cindy G. , Driedger S. Michelle 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommunicating about health risks in the Arctic can be challenging. Numerous factors can hinder or promote effective communication. One of the most important components in effective communication is trust in an information source. This is particularly true when a risk is unfamiliar or complex because the public must rely on expert assessment rather than personal evaluation of the risk. A total of 112 Inuit residents from Nunavik, Canada, were interviewed to better understand the factors that influence trust in individuals or organisations. Results indicate that there are six primary factors that influence trust in an information source. These factors include: (1) whether the information source is a friend or family member; (2) past performance of the individual or organisation; (3) the general disposition of the audience member (that is, he or she believes that most people are trustworthy); (4) the openness or candidness of the source; (5) value similarity (referring to the perceived correspondence in values between the audience member and communicator); and (6) the credibility of the source. The results of this study can help determine who or what agencies should provide messages about health risks in the Arctic. It also provides insight about effective strategies for engendering trust among Arctic residents.
La culture habitée aux frontières du socialisme (Gorna Džumaja, 1944-1948)
Authors: Capelle-Pogăcean Antonela , Ragaru Nadège 
Published: April 2019

RésuméCet article se propose de construire en objet historique le rapport entre le fait urbain et les spectacles filmiques et théâtraux dans une ville-frontière de Macédoine du Pirin, une région où se heurtèrent les projets nationaux bulgare, macédonien et grec. La période retenue (1944-1948) voit l’instauration du socialisme coïncider avec une ingénierie nationale et sociale d’autant plus intense que l’avenir territorial de cet espace demeure incertain. Tenus par les nouveaux pouvoirs pour être des vecteurs prioritaires du façonnage des individus, le théâtre et le cinéma sont ici envisagés dans leur inscription spatiale, leurs assignations toponymiques, leurs matérialités agissantes afin de cerner les articulations entre périodesantecommuniste et communiste. La « mise en objets » de spectacles, lieux de renégociation des hiérarchies sociales et de pouvoir, offre par ailleurs une perspective oblique sur la fabrique de la ville socialiste, négociée au fil de tournées et de caravanes cinématographiques, dans la comparaison avec d’autres entités urbaines et rurales. Le socialisme s’y dessine finalement en des circulations internationales ne se réduisant pas à une simple soviétisation.
L’imaginaire de la secte
Authors: Benigno Francesco 
Published: April 2019

RésuméCe travail entend proposer une nouvelle réflexion sur les « classes dangereuses », concentrée sur l’étude des origines historiques de lacamorranapolitaine, phénomène de criminalité organisée parmi les plus importants à l’échelle mondiale. Dans la Naples des Bourbons, l’expressioncamorristirenvoie à des sujets sociaux marginaux, des malfaiteurs vivant de l’extorsion exercée dans les bagnes, les tripots et les maisons à femmes. Au cours des turbulents jours de l’unification italienne, on commence à les imaginer comme membres d’une secte légendaire, toute-puissante et influente, lacamorra, une société secrète réglée, avec une hiérarchie, des coutumes et son propre argot, qui s’étendrait à la société tout entière. L’article analyse les raisons de cette transformation, étudiant les sources (essentiellement littéraires) et les dynamiques (essentiellement politiques), montrant ainsi les processus de criminalisation et de folklorisation qui marquent une transformation discursive très importante pour l’imaginaire collectif italienne jusqu’à nos jours.
Development of attention from birth to 5 months in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica , Klin Ami , Evans Lindsey , Klaiman Cheryl , Saulnier Celine , McCracken Courtney 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSocial-communication skills emerge within the context of rich social interactions, facilitated by an infant's capacity to attend to people and objects in the environment. Disruption in this early neurobehavioral process may decrease the frequency and quality of social interactions and learning opportunities, potentially leading to downstream deleterious effects on social development. This study examined early attention in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who are at risk for social and communication delays. Visual and auditory attention was mapped from age 1 week to 5 months in infants at familial risk for ASD (high risk;N= 41) and low-risk typically developing infants (low risk;N= 39). At 12 months, a subset of participants (N= 40) was administered assessments of social communication and nonverbal cognitive skills. Results revealed that high-risk infants performed lower on attention tasks at 2 and 3 months of age compared to low-risk infants. A significant association between overall attention at 3 months and developmental outcome at 12 months was observed for both groups. These results provide evidence for early vulnerabilities in visual attention for infants at risk for ASD during a period of important neurodevelopmental transition (between 2 and 3 months) when attention has significant implications for social communication and cognitive development.
Debating the Issues and Finding a Middle Ground
Authors: Rinfret Sara 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTContemporary political discourse often presents controversial policy topics (e.g., public lands, climate change, and immigration) in a bimodal manner—either for or against. As a result, can our classrooms provide a space for students to learn how to construct solutions that broker various perspectives? For students to reconcile policy differences, I designed a series of debate panels across a semester. The focus of this article is to describe the details of the debate panels so they can be replicated in educational settings. Moreover, the debate panels embody active or experiential learning for students to become informed participants of US public-policy making.
Clinical implications of directly switching antidepressants in well-treated depressed patients with treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction: a comparison between vortioxetine and escitalopram
Authors: Jacobsen Paula L. , Nomikos George G. , Zhong Wei , Cutler Andrew J. , Affinito John , Clayton Anita 
Published: April 2019

Objective:The objective of this work was to describe treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD) and tolerability following a switch from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI: citalopram, paroxetine, or sertraline) monotherapy to vortioxetine or escitalopram monotherapy in adults with well-treated major depressive disorder (MDD) and SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction.Methods:Data were analyzed from the primary study, an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, head-to-head study in which participants with well-treated depressive symptoms but experiencing TESD with SSRIs were directly switched to flexible doses (10/20 mg) of vortioxetine or escitalopram. Sexual functioning was assessed by the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-14 (CSFQ-14), efficacy by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores (MADRS) and Clinicians Global Impression of Severity/Improvement (CGI-S/CGI-I), and tolerability by adverse events. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed by pre-switch SSRI therapy where possible, and by participant characteristics.Results:Greater improvements in TESD were seen in the vortioxetine compared with escitalopram groups based on: participant demographics (≤45 years, women; P = 0.045), prior SSRI treatment (P = 0.044), number of prior major depressive episodes (MDEs) (1–3; P = 0.001), and duration of prior SSRI therapy (>1 year; P = 0.001). Prior SSRI treatment did not appear to influence the incidence or severity of TEAEs, except for nausea. Regardless of prior SSRI, both treatments maintained antidepressant efficacy after 8 weeks.Conclusion:Results suggest that vortioxetine is a safe and effective switch therapy for treating SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in adults with well-treated MDD. Also, improvement in sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine or escitalopram may be influenced by prior SSRI usage, sex, age, and history of MDEs.
Does trauma-focused exposure therapy exacerbate symptoms among patients with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders?
Authors: Lancaster Cynthia L. , Gros Daniel F. , Mullarkey Michael C. , Badour Christal L. , Killeen Therese K. , Brady Kathleen T. , Back Sudie E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground: Although exposure-based therapy is a well-established, effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), some practitioners report reluctance to implement it due to concerns that it may exacerbate symptoms of PTSD and commonly comorbid disorders, such as substance use disorders (SUD).Aim: This study compared the exacerbation of psychological symptoms among participants with comorbid PTSD and SUD who received either SUD treatment alone or SUD treatment integrated with exposure therapy for PTSD.Method: Participants (N = 71) were treatment-seeking, military Veterans with comorbid PTSD and SUD who were randomized to 12 individual sessions of either (1) an integrated, exposure-based treatment (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders using Prolonged Exposure; COPE); or (2) a non-exposure-based, SUD-only treatment (Relapse Prevention; RP). We examined between-group differences in the frequency of statistically reliable exacerbations of PTSD, SUD and depression symptoms experienced during treatment.Results: At each of the 12 sessions, symptom exacerbation was minimal and generally equally likely in either treatment group. However, an analysis of treatment completers suggests that RP participants experienced slightly more exacerbations of PTSD symptoms during the course of treatment.Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate symptom exacerbation throughout trauma-focused exposure therapy for individuals with comorbid PTSD and SUD. Results add to a growing literature which suggests that trauma-focused, exposure-based therapy does not increase the risk of symptom exacerbation relative to non-exposure-based therapy.
Alternative investments: is it a solution to the funding shortage of US public pension plans?
Authors: Peng Jun , Wang Qiushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince 2001, public-pension plans have increasingly relied upon alternative investments (AIs). We examine the impact of this trend on investment performance and the factors that led to the reliance on AI. Using data from 92 largest plans 2001–2014, we found AI, especially private equity, generally had a positive effect on investment performance, but the effect was small and unsustainable. We also found that plans with a lower funded ratio and higher investment return expectation were more likely to allocate more assets to AIs. These findings suggest that the prospect of relying on AIs to meet investment return expectations remains a long-term challenge for state and local governments.
Investigation of Solar Proton Access Into the Inner Magnetosphere on 11 September 2017
Authors: Qin Murong , Hudson Mary , Kress Brian , Selesnick Richard , Engel Miles , Li Zhao , Shen Xiaochen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, access of solar energetic protons to the inner magnetosphere on 11 September 2017 is investigated by computing the reverse particle trajectories with the Dartmouth geomagnetic cutoff code (Kress et al., 2010). The maximum and minimum cutoff rigidity at each point along the orbit of Van Allen Probe A is numerically computed by extending the code to calculate cutoff rigidity for particles coming from arbitrary direction. Pulse height analyzed (PHA) data have the advantage of providing individual particle energies and effectively excluding background high‐energy proton contamination. This technique is adopted to study the cutoff locations for solar protons with different energy. The results demonstrate that cutoff latitude is lower for solar protons with higher energy, consistent with low‐altitude vertical cutoffs. Both the observations and numerical results show that proton access into the inner magnetosphere depends strongly on angle between particle arrival direction and magnetic west. The numerical result is approximately consistent with the observation that the energy of almost all solar protons stays above the minimum cutoff rigidity.
Vertical Motions and Their Effects on a Biogeochemical Tracer in a Cyclonic Structure Finely Observed in the Ligurian Sea
Authors: Rousselet L. , Doglioli A. M. , de Verneil A. , Pietri A. , Della Penna A. , Berline L. , Marrec P. , Grégori G. , Thyssen M. , Carlotti F. , Barrillon S. , Simon‐Bot F. , Bonal M. , d'Ovidio F. , Petrenko A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVertical velocities can be estimated indirectly from in situ observations by theoretical frameworks like the ω‐equation. Direct measures of vertical exchanges are challenging due to their typically ephemeral spatiotemporal scales. In this study we address this problem with an adaptive sampling strategy coupling various biophysical instruments. We analyze the 3‐D organization of a cyclonic mesoscale structure finely sampled during the Observing Submesoscale Coupling At High Resolution cruise in the Ligurian Sea during fall 2015. The observations, acquired with a moving vessel profiler, highlight a subsurface low‐salinity layer (≃50 m), as well as rising isopycnals, generated by geostrophic cyclonic circulation, in the structure's center. Reconstructed 3‐D fields of density and horizontal velocities are used to estimate the vertical velocity field down to 250 m by applying the adiabatic QG ω‐equation, for the first time in this region. The vertical motions are characterized by multipolar patterns of downward and upward velocities on the edges of the structure and significantly smaller vertical velocities in its center. Both the 3‐D distribution of particles (size ≥100 μm), measured with a laser optical plankton counter, and the Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus abundances (cell per cubic meter) measured by flow cytometry are consistent with the 3‐D velocity field. In particular, a secondary vertical recirculation is identified that upwells particles (from 250 to 100 m) along isohalines to the structure's center. Besides demonstrating the effect of vertical patterns on biogeochemical distributions, this case study suggests to use particle matter as a tracer to assess physical dynamics.
The Influence of Mesoscale Atmospheric Circulation on Spitsbergen Air Temperature in Periods of Arctic Warming and Cooling
Authors: Łupikasza E. B. , Niedźwiedź T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Arctic has experienced step changes in climate conditions, which are still not fully understood. Particularly intriguing was the Early Twentieth‐Century Arctic Warming (ETCAW), which occurred prior to anthropogenic interference in the environment. This paper quantitatively assesses the differences in atmospheric circulation patterns during periods of warming and cooling on Spitsbergen with a particular focus on ETCAW. The patterns of atmospheric circulation were taken from the catalog of day‐by‐day circulation types created for Svalbard. The catalog includes 21 circulation types, assigned to every day between 1920 and 2017. The research focused on winter and autumn, the seasons exhibiting pronounced ETCAW on Spitsbergen. The long‐term variability in autumn and winter air temperatures on Spitsbergen significantly depends on the frequency of air advection from clearly defined directions and reveals some seasonal differentiation. Warming was related in autumn to southern and south‐eastern advection, in winter to southern advection, and in both cyclonic and anticyclonic conditions. These “warm” types explained up to 21% (September–November) or 25% (December–February) of the variability in air temperature. In winter, cooling was significantly related to anticyclonic type with air advection from the northeast (NEa: 24% of variability): in autumn to cyclonic northern (Nc) and northeastern (NEc) types. During ETCAW, the frequency of warm circulation types was significantly higher, and that of “cold” circulation types significantly lower. No relevant differences in patterns were found between ETCAW and Recent Arctic Warming; however, the frequency of warm and cold types was higher and lower, respectively, during ETCAW.