bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disagreement
Authors: Weatherson Brian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The following, broadly conciliatory, line on peer disagreement is very popular in current philosophy. In the face of disagreement, we should aggregate everyone’s judgments, and defer to this aggregation. I argue for a new approach. We should aggregate everyone’s reasons, and then form the belief that is rational given those reasons. In short, we should aggregate inputs, i.e. evidence, not outputs. The new approach and the popular approach often agree in practice, but they are very different in theory, and offer very different explanations of why conciliation gets the right results when it does. The chapter starts with some theoretical arguments for conciliatory approaches, and reviews familiar reasons why they fail. It then looks at some examples that are alleged to motivate conciliationism. The evidence aggregation approach can explain these examples, and also explains other examples that conciliationism cannot explain.
Kant’s Journey on Evil
Authors: Huxford George 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This reflection offers an overview of the development of Kant’s thought on evil from a Leibnizian starting point to his definitive stance in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. It was a journey with two significant milestones along the way. First, his recognition that what he termed “physical evil” was not evil at all but rather just the workings of nature with harmful consequences. Second, that evil, despite its negative results, is ontologically positive. The journey’s final destination was reached when Kant concluded that there is only one real evil, moral evil—the evil that we do to each other and which comes from within.
No evident association of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus or its small-colony variants with cotrimoxazole use or ANCA-associated vasculitis relapses
Authors: Tan Boun Kim , Crabol Yoann , Tasse Jason , Laurent Frédéric , Nekkab Narimane , Vinter Christine , Puéchal Xavier , Guillevin Loïc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the role of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) or its intracellular small-colony variant phenotype (SCV) with co-trimoxazole (CTX) or ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) activity.MethodsAll consecutive AAV patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic GPA or microscopic polyangiitis, followed at the French National Vasculitis Referral Center (09/2012–05/2013), and hospitalized non-AAV controls, exclusively for SA/SCV carriage comparisons, were enrolled. All had bilateral anterior nasal swab cultures. Nasal SA or SCV carriage was determined and associations with relapse(s), BVAS, ANCA-positivity, anti-staphylococcal and immunosuppressant use, were analysed ⩾4 years post-inclusion.ResultsNasal SA carriage rates did not differ among AAVs (P = 0.53): GPA (24/80; 30%), EGPA (7/28; 25%) and microscopic polyangiitis (3/11; 27.3%); and the rate was less frequent in controls than in GPA patients not taking CTX (P = 0.04). AAV patients taking CTX prophylaxis had less nasal SA carriage (8.7% vs 36.2%; P = 0.02). Nasal SA carriage or CTX use did not modify relapse rates, BVAS or ANCA-positivity at inclusion or during follow-up. Nasal SCV carriage, found in 15/207 (7.2%) patients, was similar for GPA (10/24; 41.7%), microscopic polyangiitis (2/7; 28.6%) and eosinophilic GPA (2/3; 66.7%), but higher (P = 0.02) than controls (1/14; 7.1%). SCV carriage by AAV groups did not modify relapse rates or ANCA positivity at inclusion or during follow-up; a trend towards higher BVAS was observed only for anti-PR3 ANCA patients.ConclusionNasal SA or SCV carriage was comparable among AAVs but more frequent than in controls. Nasal SA or SCV carriage and CTX use did not modify AAV relapse rates.
Predictors of Early Departure among Recently Hired Child Welfare Workers
Authors: Wilke Dina J , Rakes Sarah , Randolph Karen A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Child welfare workforce turnover has been well studied, although there is limited understanding of factors related to the timing of departure. This study examines predictors of early job departure among newly hired child welfare workers. Data come from the first two waves of a longitudinal study. The sample for this analysis included 1,257 respondents. Hierarchical logistical regression was used to investigate worker characteristics and organizational influences on early departure. Early leavers, or those who left within the first six months, were 14.8 percent (n = 186) of the sample. Regression results indicated that two worker characteristics—years of previous work experience and major of college degree—predicted early departure. Two measures of organizational influences during the transition from training to casework were significant predictors of early departure: (1) caseload size the first week after training and (2) role ambiguity. These findings suggest that organizational attention to the orientation and socialization of newly hired child welfare professionals are likely to be instrumental to preventing early turnover.
Prurigiform Angiomatosis: Reactive Angioproliferation in the Skin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Authors: Ortins-Pina Ana , Soares-de-Almeida Luís , Caroli Ulrich , Held Laura , Kempter Wolfgang , Rütten Arno , Mentzel Thomas , Kutzner Heinz 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Cutaneous benign angioproliferations can be diagnostically challenging and may mimic vascular tumors. Keratinocytes express vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). We studied the angiogenic factor expression pattern in cutaneous lesions with a distinctive pattern of remarkable dermal angiomatosis underlying prurigo-like epidermal changes.

Methods:
Cases were selected retrospectively from 2012 to 2018, and their VEGF staining pattern was compared with normal skin and other reactive skin conditions.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients, median age 76 years, mostly men (74%), presented with asymptomatic patches or plaques, most commonly located on the buttocks (n = 17) and/or intergluteal fold (n = 12), often eliciting concern for neoplasia (n = 19). Microscopically, all cases featured a prominent proliferation of dilated capillaries and postcapillary venules, underneath epidermal changes resembling prurigo or lichen simplex chronicus. In one-third, a subepidermal lymphocytic infiltrate was present. Immunostaining with VEGF was positive in the upper 4/5 of the epidermis overlying the angioproliferation, in contrast with nonlesional skin, where VEGF positivity was limited to the stratum granulosum. Receptor VEGFR-2 was expressed in the endothelia of neovessels.

Conclusions:
We propose the term prurigiform angiomatosis for the morphological picture of prurigo/lichen simplex chronicus-like epidermal hyperplasia with prominent dermal angioproliferation. Mechanical injury and inflammation are the likely triggers of this reactive angiogenesis pattern, driven by epidermal VEGF expression.
Onodi cell mucocele causing isolated trochlear nerve palsy
Authors: Kwon Kyung Won , Oh Jin Seok , Kim Ji Won , Yoo Roh-Eul , Kang Jae-Goo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Acquired vertical diplopia is commonly observed in trochlear nerve palsy, often resulting from blunt head trauma or vascular problems. It is rarely caused by tumorous conditions or space occupying lesion. We report the first case of Onodi cell mucocele causing isolated trochlear nerve palsy.

Patient concerns:
A 62-year-old male noticed a double vision which worsened when looking down. On ophthalmologic examinations, the patient showed no abnormalities in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and no swelling in optic disc. In ocular motility test, he was notable for 10° left hypertropia in primary position, 6° in right head tilt position, 14° in left head tilt position and this was aggravated in right and down gaze. Ostiomeatal complex CT depicted an expansile soft tissue density completely filling the left Onodi cell.

Diagnoses:
He was diagnosed with a trochlear nerve palsy caused by an isolated mucocele in the left Onodi cell.

Interventions:
Three days after presentation, he underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for marsupialization of the mucocele in the left Onodi cell.

Outcomes:
The mucocele was completely removed through the endoscopic endonasal approach. Within 4 months after surgery, his 4th nerve palsy had gradually and completely improved.

Lessons:
Onodi cell mucoceles that cause trochlear nerve palsy are extremely rare. Timely surgical decompression is essential to achieve optimal recovery of the neural function. Combined trochlear nerve palsy should be evaluated when Onodi cell mucocele involves the orbital apex from above.
The teaching order of using direct laryngoscopy first may improve the learning outcome of endotracheal incubation
Authors: Gu Minglu , Lian Ming , Gong Chao , Chen Lianhua , LI Shitong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure taught to medical students. We examined the influence of the order of teaching ETI through direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL) on learning by measuring the intubation time and learning curve of trainees, in order to explore ways to improve ETI performance.

Methods:
Twenty trainees were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the DL-first group, trainees used DL to perform ETI 10 times and then used VL 10 times, while the order was reversed in the VL-first group. Intubation time, number of intubation attempts, the Cormack-Lehane (CL) classification, and adverse events were recorded. The primary outcome was the cumulative summation (CUSUM). The CUSUM equation is defined as

JOURNAL/medi/04.03/00005792-201905240-00018/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-14T035751Z/r/image-tiff

, where c

t
is the cumulative sum.

Results:
ETI was attempted on 400 patients. The difference in the mean times for the first 10 intubations between the 2 groups was not significant (P > .05). Mean intubation time for second series in the DL-first group was significantly shorter than that of the first series (P < .05), while there were no differences between the 2 series in the VL-first group (P > .05). The mean intubation time in the second series of the DL-first group was shorter than for the first series of the VL-first group (P < .05), while the mean intubation time of the first series by the DL-first group did not differ from the second series by the VL-first group (P > .05). Eighteen attempts were required to achieve an 80% intubation success rate for the DL-first group, while more than 20 attempts were required for the trainees in the VL-first group.

Conclusion:
We consider that teaching trainees DL for tracheal intubation first.

Clinical trial number:
ChiCTR-OOR-16008364.
Postoperative maxillary mucocele with orbital wall defect treated by transnasal endoscopic marsupialization with a penrose drain insertion
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Jung Soo , Heo Sung Jae 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
A postoperative maxillary mucocele (POMM) is a delayed complication of maxillary sinus surgery. Although transoral enucleation is a conventional approach for its treatment, the intraoperative risk of injury to the inferior rectus muscle increases when there is an orbital floor defect. The transnasal endoscopic marsupialization has also been used widely for treatment. However, it has a potential risk of postoperative stenosis of the meatal antrostomy site, especially when the medial wall of the maxillary sinus is thick.

Patient concerns:
A 60-year-old man who underwent a right Caldwell–Luc operation about 30 years ago came to the emergency room with pain and swelling in the right periorbital region.

Diagnosis:
He was diagnosed with a POMM accompanied by an orbital floor defect and a thick medial wall of the maxillary sinus.

Interventions:
Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization was performed, and a cylindrical penrose drain was placed at the antrostomy site for one month.

Outcomes:
The patient's periorbital pain disappeared after surgery. After 3 months, the postoperative computed tomography scan showed good opening at the meatal antrostomy site.

Lessons:
In a patient with POMM with an orbital floor defect and a thick medial wall of the maxillary sinus, transnasal endoscopic marsupialization with penrose drain insertion could prevent both injury of the inferior rectus muscle and postoperative stenosis.
Genetic analysis of a hemophilia B family with a novel F9 gene mutation
Authors: Lv Xue , Li Tao , Li Hao , Liu Hong-yan , Wang Zhen , Guo Zhi-ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
At present, there are no effective methods for the treatment of hemophilia B, and it has high mortality and disability. Therefore, it is very important for the carriers to carry out genetic counseling and make prenatal diagnosis. In this study, we made gene and prenatal diagnoses in a family with a novel F9 gene mutation, and report a novel F9 gene mutation.
All exon sequences and flanking sequences of F9 gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in the proband; and then according to the F9 gene mutation in the proband, the F9 gene sequencing was performed on the family members. Based on the above results, the pathogenic mutation in F9 gene was finally identified, which was used for prenatal diagnosis.
Sanger sequencing revealed c.1232G>C [p.Ser411Thr] mutation in F9 gene in the proband. c.1232G>C heterozygous mutation was also found in the proband's mother and grandmother, but male family members without hemophilia B had no this mutation. The analyses of amniotic fluid samples indicated positive sex-determining region on Y chromosome (SRY), and no c.1232G>C [p.Ser411Thr] mutation in F9 gene.
We identified a pathogenic mutation in F9 gene in the family, made a prenatal diagnosis for the female carrier and reported a novel F9 gene mutation.
Chordoma located in the jugular foramen
Authors: Chen Qiong Qiong , Liu Ya , Chang Cheng Dong , Xu Ya Ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Chordomas are rare malignant neoplasms arised from residual embryonic notochordal tissue, mostly located in the axial midline. Tumors along extra-axial locations in the head and neck are rare. Chordomas located in the jugular foramen are extremely rare, with a low incidence of 0.2%.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old male with 20 years of dizziness history complaining of 6 months of severe dizziness: significant with the changing of the body posture, vertigo which can be self-remissioned within 1 minute and hearing loss of both ears, without headache, nausea, dysphagia, or otalgia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed before surgery which suggests various possibilities. Immunohistochemistry helped to confirm the final diagnosis.

Diagnoses:
Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse positivity for S100 (+++), positivity for D2-40 (focal +), EMA (+), and PR (+). Ki-67 labeling index was estimated at 2% focally. The final diagnosis was chordoma.

Interventions:
The tumor was excised via retro-sigmoid approach without postoperative radiotherapy.

Outcomes:
Facial paralysis occurred in this case. House–Brackmann facial nerve grading system was used to evaluate the facial paralysis of this patient. It is considered as H-B grade IV. The patient was followed up regularly every month after operation, totally for 9 months. An MRI of the brain was performed 6 months after surgery which shows a small range of abnormal signals similar to the previous MRI in the jugular foramen, suggesting that there may be residual or recurrent tumor. And facial paralysis stays at H-B grade IV without any recovery.

Lessons:
It is a big challenge for us to remove giant tumors located in the jugular foramen because of its unique anatomy. Access should be combined with retro-sigmoid or infra-temporal fossa approach to remove such tumors. Chordomas is a malignant neoplasm which may need radiotherapy after surgery, particularly those with subtotal and partial resection.
Severe vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a cause of obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Lee Jong-Myong , Park Jung Soo , Koh Eun-Jeong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar artery is a vascular anomaly characterized by marked elongating, widening, and tortuosity of the arteries. Although this anomaly is usually asymptomatic, it may present with ischemic symptoms or mass effect involving brainstem or cranial nerves.

Patient concerns:
A 52-year-old male was admitted with headache and visual field defect.

Diagnoses:
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed noncommunicating hydrocephalus due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia.

Interventions:
The patient underwent right-side ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Outcomes:
The patient's symptoms improved gradually, although visual symptoms persisted.

Lessons:
Neurosurgeons need to keep in mind vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus for accurate diagnosis and swift treatment.
Increased risk of Bell palsy in patient with migraine
Authors: Kim So Young , Lee Chang-Ho , Lim Jae-Sung , Kong Il Gyu , Sim Songyong , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Migraine is thought to be associated with Bell palsy. This study aimed to investigate the risk of Bell palsy in migraine patients.
The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort was collected from 2002 to 2013. A total of 45,164 migraine patients were matched for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia and compared with 180,656 controls. The migraine group included participants diagnosed with migraine [International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10: G43] who underwent treatment more than once. Participants with Bell palsy were included on the basis of the ICD-10 (G510) and treatment with steroids. A history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was determined using ICD-10 codes. Crude (simple) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of Bell palsy in migraine patients were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age and sex.
Bell palsy occurred in 0.6% (262/44,902) of the migraine group and 0.5% (903/179,753) of the control group. The adjusted HR of Bell palsy was 1.16 in the migraine group compared with the control group [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.01–1.33, P = .34]. Among age-related subgroups, participants ≥30 and <60 years old in the migraine subgroup demonstrated a 1.28-times higher risk of Bell palsy than the control group (95% CI = 1.05–1.57, P = .014).
Migraine increased the risk of Bell palsy in the total population. Among age subgroups, migraine patients ≥30 and <60 years old had an increased risk of Bell palsy.
Beverage intake and risk of Crohn disease
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Xiang Lili , He Jianhua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Epidemiological studies were controversial in the association between beverage intake and risk of Crohn disease (CD). This study aimed to investigate the role of beverage intake in the development of CD. A systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies, and study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Sixteen studies were identified with a total of 130,431 participants and 1933 CD cases. No significant association was detected between alcohol intake and CD risk (RR for the highest vs the lowest consumption level: 0.85, 95% CI 0.68–1.08), and coffee intake and the risk (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.46–1.46). High intake of soft drinks was associated with CD risk (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01–1.98), and tea intake was inversely associated with CD risk (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.93). In conclusion, high intake of soft drinks might increase the risk of CD, whereas tea intake might decrease the risk.
Urinary uromodulin independently predicts end-stage renal disease and rapid kidney function decline in a cohort of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Steubl Dominik , Block Matthias , Herbst Victor , Nockher Wolfgang Andreas , Schlumberger Wolfgang , Kemmner Stephan , Bachmann Quirin , Angermann Susanne , Wen Ming , Heemann Uwe , Renders Lutz , Garimella Pranav S. , Scherberich Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Data on risk factors predicting rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or short-term kidney function decline (i.e., within 1 year) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rare but urgently needed to plan treatment. This study describes the association and predictive value of urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) for rapid progression of CKD.
We assessed uUMOD, demographic/treatment parameters, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria in 230 CKD patients stage I-V. ESRD and 25% decline of eGFR was documented at the end of follow-up period and used as a composite endpoint. Association between logarithmic uUMOD and eGFR/proteinuria was calculated using linear regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association of uUMOD with the composite endpoint. Therefore, patients were categorized into quartiles. The predictive value of uUMOD for the above outcomes was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Follow-up was 57.3 ± 18.7 weeks, baseline age was 60 (18;92) years, and eGFR was 38 (6;156) mL/min/1.73 m2. Forty-seven (20.4%) patients reached the composite endpoint. uUMOD concentrations were directly associated with eGFR and inversely associated with proteinuria (β = 0.554 and β = -0.429, P < .001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the first 2 quartiles of uUMOD concentrations had a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.589 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.002–12.992] and 5.409 (95% CI 1.444–20.269), respectively, in comparison to patients of the highest quartile (≥11.45 μg/mL) for the composite endpoint. In ROC-analysis, uUMOD predicted the composite endpoint with good sensitivity (74.6%) and specificity (76.6%) at an optimal cut-off at 3.5 μg/mL and area under the curve of 0.786 (95% CI 0.712–0.860, P < .001).
uUMOD was independently associated with ESRD/rapid loss of eGFR. It might serve as a robust predictor of rapid kidney function decline and help to better schedule arrangements for future treatment.
Comparison of the Relaxivities of Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Human Plasma at 1.5, 3, and 7 T, and Blood at 3 T
Authors: Szomolanyi Pavol , Rohrer Martin , Frenzel Thomas , Noebauer-Huhmann Iris M. , Jost Gregor , Endrikat Jan , Trattnig Siegfried , Pietsch Hubertus 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The relaxivities of 3 macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) were determined in human plasma and blood under standardized and clinically relevant laboratory conditions.

Methods
The T1 relaxivity, r1, was determined in human plasma at 1.5, 3, and 7 T, and in human blood at 3 T at 37°C in phantoms containing 4 different concentrations of the macrocyclic GBCAs gadobutrol, gadoteridol, and gadoterate. An inversion recovery turbo spin echo sequence was used to generate images with several inversion times. The T1-times were obtained by fitting the signal intensities to the signal equation. r1 was obtained by a 1/y-weighted regression of the T1-rates over the concentration of the GBCAs.

Results
For gadobutrol, the obtained r1 [L/(mmol·s)] in human plasma at 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T, and in human blood at 3 T was 4.78 ± 0.12, 4.97 ± 0.59, 3.83 ± 0.24, and 3.47 ± 0.16. For gadoteridol, r1 was 3.80 ± 0.10, 3.28 ± 0.09, 3.21 ± 0.07, and 2.61 ± 0.16, and for gadoterate, 3.32 ± 0.13, 3.00 ± 0.13, 2.84 ± 0.09, and 2.72 ± 0.17.

Conclusions
The relaxivity of gadobutrol is significantly higher than that of gadoteridol and gadoterate at all magnetic field strengths and in plasma as well as in blood, whereas that of gadoteridol was higher than gadoterate only in plasma at 1.5 and 7 T. This is in accordance with results from 3 previous studies obtained in different media.