bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target controllability of multiagent systems under fixed and switching topologies
Authors: Guan Yongqiang , Wang Long 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this article, the target controllability of multiagent systems under fixed and switching topologies is investigated, respectively. In the fixed topology setting, some necessary and/or sufficient algebraic and graph‐theoretic conditions are proposed, and the target controllable subspace is quantitatively studied by virtue of almost equitable graph vertex partitions. In the switching topology setting, based on the concepts of the invariant subspace and the target controllable state set, some necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions are obtained. Moreover, the target controllability is studied from the union graph perspective. The results show that when the union graph of all the possible topologies is target controllable, the multiagent system would be target controllable even if each of its subsystems is not. Numerical simulations are provided finally to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Synthesis and Supercapacitor Application of Cerium Tungstate Nanostructure
Authors: Naderi Hamid , Sobati Hossein , Sobhani‐Nasab Ali , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Eghbali‐Arani Mohammad , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Ehrlich Hermann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCerium tungstate nanostructure was prepared through precipitation and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and continuous cyclic voltammetry (CCV) in terms of structural and electrochemical properties. The electrochemical evaluations using cerium tungstate electrodes revealed that the electrode material has interesting supercapacitive properties including a specific capacitance (SC) of 348 F g−1 at a potential scan rate of 2 mV s−1. Also CCV experiments proved that the material maintains 95.8% of its original capacitance after 4000 cycles. The properties make the nanostructures suitable for use as high‐quality electroactive materials for supercapacitor applications.
An Insight into Selective Olefin Bond Functionalization of Cyclodienes through Nitrile Oxide 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Benke Zsanett , Nonn Melinda , Fülöp Ferenc , Kiss Loránd 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelective functionalizations of the ring olefin bond of various commercial cyclodienes through nitrile oxide dipolar cycloaddition is described. Nitrile oxides were generated from primary nitroalkanes by Mukaiyama's method. Besides regioselectivity, the dipolar cycloadditions have been performed in view of selectivity of the ring olefin bonds. The cycloalkene‐fused isoxazoline products were easily converted through ring opening and cross metathesis into valuable dialkenylated heterocycles.
Glucose‐Induced Synthesis of 1T‐MoS2/C Hybrid for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Jin , Zhao Bangchuan , Zhou Jiafeng , Si Jianguo , Fang Zhitang , Li Kunzhen , Ma Hongyang , Dai Jianming , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping 
Published: March 2019

Abstract1T phase MoS2 possesses higher conductivity than the 2H phase, which is a key parameter of electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid is successfully synthesized through facile hydrothermal method with a proper glucose additive. The synthesized hybrid material is composed of smaller and fewer‐layer 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets covered by thin carbon layers with an enlarged interlayer spacing of 0.94 nm. When it is used as an anode material for LIBs, the enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates rapid intercalating and deintercalating of lithium ions and accommodates volume change during cycling. The high intrinsic conductivity of 1T‐MoS2 also contributes to a faster transfer of lithium ions and electrons. Moreover, much smaller and fewer‐layer nanosheets can shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and accelerate reaction kinetics, leading to an improved electrochemical performance. It delivers a high initial capacity of 920.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and the capacity can maintain 870 mAh g−1 even after 300 cycles, showing a superior cycling stability. The electrode presents a high rate performance as well with a reversible capacity of 600 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. These results show that the 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid shows potential for use in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Discrimination of Protein Amino Acid or Its Protonated State at Single‐Residue Resolution by Graphene Nanopores
Authors: Si Wei , Zhang Yin , Wu Gensheng , Kan Yajing , Zhang Yan , Sha Jingjie , Chen Yunfei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe function of a protein is determined by the composition of amino acids and is essential to proteomics. However, protein sequencing remains challenging due to the protein's irregular charge state and its high‐order structure. Here, a proof of principle study on the capability of protein sequencing by graphene nanopores integrated with atomic force microscopy is performed using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that nanopores can discriminate a protein sequence and even its protonation state at single‐residue resolution. Both the pulling forces and current blockades induced by the permeation of protein residues are found to be highly correlated with the type of amino acids, which makes the residues identifiable. It is also found that aside from the dimension, both the conformation and charge state of the residue can significantly influence the force and current signal during its permeation through the nanopore. In particular, due to the electro‐osmotic flow effect, the blockade current for the double‐protonated histidine is slightly smaller than that for single‐protonated histidine, which makes it possible for discrimination of different protonation states of amino acids. The results reported here present a novel protein sequencing scheme using graphene nanopores combined with nanomanipulation technology.
Microstructure Characteristics of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Li Zhuo , Han Lu , Wang Yongfei , Li Xinyan , Lu Jinlin , Hu Xianwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) that use pure Mg or Mg alloy as anode and materials allowing Mg ions to insert/extract as cathode have many advantages such as high energy density, environmental friendliness, low cost, and safety of handling. RMBs are regarded as a promising candidate for portable power sources and heavy load energy devices. However, there are still some technological issues impeding their commercial application. The most important issue is the absence of applicable cathode materials because of the high charge density, strong polarization effect, and very slow insertion/extraction speed of Mg2+ ions. In recent years, the research reports on the cathode materials of RMBs have increased significantly. Here, an extensive number of research papers are reviewed in terms of the microstructure characteristics of cathode materials for RMBs. The status and issues of cathode materials are analyzed and discussed in detail. The future development directions and perspectives are prospected for providing an understanding of the related research activities on RMBs.
Branch coverage prediction in automated testing
Authors: Grano Giovanni , Titov Timofey V. , Panichella Sebastiano , Gall Harald C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSoftware testing is crucial in continuous integration (CI). Ideally, at every commit, all the test cases should be executed, and moreover, new test cases should be generated for the new source code. This is especially true in a Continuous Test Generation (CTG) environment, where the automatic generation of test cases is integrated into the continuous integration pipeline. In this context, developers want to achieve a certain minimum level of coverage for every software build. However, executing all the test cases and, moreover, generating new ones for all the classes at every commit is not feasible. As a consequence, developers have to select which subset of classes has to be tested and/or targeted by test‐case generation. We argue that knowing a priori the branch coverage that can be achieved with test‐data generation tools can help developers into taking informed decision about those issues. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to use source‐code metrics to predict the coverage achieved by test‐data generation tools. We use four different categories of source‐code features and assess the prediction on a large data set involving more than 3'000 Java classes. We compare different machine learning algorithms and conduct a fine‐grained feature analysis aimed at investigating the factors that most impact the prediction accuracy. Moreover, we extend our investigation to four different search budgets. Our evaluation shows that the best model achieves an average 0.15 and 0.21 MAE on nested cross‐validation over the different budgets, respectively, onEVOSUITEandRANDOOP. Finally, the discussion of the results demonstrate the relevance of coupling‐related features for the prediction accuracy.
Osthole induced apoptosis in human normal liver cells by regulating cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Shen Zhelun , Chen Jie , Lu Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOsthole (Ost) is often used in treatment for cancer, inflammation and rheumatism in clinic. However, Ost‐induced liver injury has been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible mechanism of Ost‐induced hepatotoxicity in human normal liver cells (L02). When cells were exposed to Ost, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis rate increased, the intracellular markers of oxidative stress were changed. Simultaneously, Ost altered apoptotic related proteins levels, including Bcl‐2, Bax, Cleaved‐Caspase‐9/‐8/‐3, and Pro‐Caspase‐3/‐8. In addition, Ost enhanced the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins (GRP78/Bip, CHOP, Caspase‐4, IRE1α, PERK, JNK, P‐JNK, and ATF4), decreased the cell proliferation and cycle‐associated protein (Phospho‐Histone H3, P‐Cdc25C, Cdc25C, P‐Cdc2, Cdc2, and Cyclin B1) level. The results show that Ost has toxic effects on L02 cells. Furthermore, it induces apoptosis by inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle at the G2/M phase and activating ER stress.
Inversion of multiple parameters for river pollution accidents using emergency monitoring data
Authors: Jing Pingfei , Yang Zhonghua , Zhou Wugang , Huai Wenxin , Lu Xinhua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presented a new inversion algorithm on the basis of least squares method for river point pollution sources. A series of numerical experiments was conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed inversion algorithm. The general solution of the one‐dimensional (1D) pollutant transport equation is the governing equation of this method. Pollutant concentrations at various hypothetical monitoring points should be observed at two moments to obtain the point pollution source parameters, namely, velocity, longitudinal dispersion coefficient, emission moment of the pollution source, emission location, and emission intensity. Monitoring error was considered a random noise in the numerical experiments. The inversion result error was 3.69% when the monitoring error was 5%. Although the monitoring error reached 20%, the maximum error of inversion parameters was 8.58%. In addition, the effects of river flow velocity, contaminant decay rates, monitoring point setting, and time intervals between two sampling groups were analyzed in hypothetic cases.Practitioner points

Present a new inversion algorithm for river point pollution sources.

Multiple parameters can be obtained by inversion.

The unknown river velocity does not affect the result of parameter inversion.

Different levels of pollutant concentration monitoring errors are considered.
Writing a wrong: Coupled RNA polymerase II transcription and RNA quality control
Authors: Peck Sarah A. , Hughes Katlyn D. , Victorino Jose F. , Mosley Amber L. 
Published: March 2019

Processing and maturation of precursor RNA species is coupled to RNA polymerase II transcription. Co‐transcriptional RNA processing helps to ensure efficient and proper capping, splicing, and 3′ end processing of different RNA species to help ensure quality control of the transcriptome. Many improperly processed transcripts are not exported from the nucleus, are restricted to the site of transcription, and are in some cases degraded, which helps to limit any possibility of aberrant RNA causing harm to cellular health. These critical quality control pathways are regulated by the highly dynamic protein–protein interaction network at the site of transcription. Recent work has further revealed the extent to which the processes of transcription and RNA processing and quality control are integrated, and how critically their coupling relies upon the dynamic protein interactions that take place co‐transcriptionally. This review focuses specifically on the intricate balance between 3′ end processing and RNA decay during transcription termination.This article is categorized under:
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications
Leading-logarithmic threshold resummation of the Drell-Yan process at next-to-leading power
Authors: Beneke Martin , Broggio Alessandro , Garny Mathias , Jaskiewicz Sebastian , Szafron Robert , Vernazza Leonardo , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We resum the leading logarithms α

s

n

ln2n − 1(1 − z), n = 1, 2, . . . near the kine-matic threshold z = Q
2/ŝ → 1 of the Drell-Yan process at next-to-leading power in the expansion in (1 − z). The derivation of this result employs soft-collinear effective theory in position space and the anomalous dimensions of subleading-power soft functions, which are computed. Expansion of the resummed result leads to the leading logarithms at fixed loop order, in agreement with exact results at NLO and NNLO and predictions from the physical evolution kernel at N3LO and N4LO, and to new results at the five-loop order and beyond.
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Medical Students: Implications for Wellness
Authors: Sciolla Andrés F. , Wilkes Michael S. , Griffin Erin J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objective
The primary purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a cohort of third-year medical students and characterize their childhood protective factors.

Methods
The authors developed a web-based anonymous survey distributed to all third-year medical students in one school (N = 98). The survey included the 10-item ACE Study questionnaire, a list of childhood protective factors (CPF) and questions to assess students’ perception of the impact of ACEs on their physical and mental health. The medical school’s IRB approved the student survey as an exempt study. The authors computed descriptive and comparative statistical analyses.

Results
Eighty-six of 98 students responded (88% response rate). Forty-four students (51%) reported at least one ACE exposure and 10 (12%) reported ≥ 4 exposures. The latter were all female. The average difference in the ACE score between male and female medical students was − 1.1 (independent t test with unequal variances t(57.7) = − 2.82, P = .007). Students with an ACE score of ≥ 4 were significantly more likely to report a moderate or significant effect on their mental health, compared with students with scores ≤ 3 (chi-square test, P = < .0001). Most students reported high levels of CPF (median score = 13 of a maximum score = 14). ACEs and CPF were inversely associated (Pearson correlation = − 0.32, P = .003).

Conclusions
A sizeable minority of medical students reported exposure to multiple ACEs. If replicated, findings suggest a significant vulnerability of these medical students to health risk behaviors and physical and mental health problems during training and future medical practice.
The incidence of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and data synthesis
Authors: Gillis Cai , Mirzaei Fariba , Potashman Michele , Ikram M. Arfan , Maserejian Nancy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionIncidence estimates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) range widely. We obtained contemporary age‐specific MCI incidence rates and examined sources of heterogeneity.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of population‐based studies from the Americas, Europe, and Australia using restrictive inclusion criteria to limit heterogeneity. Incidence was examined using 5‐year age categories for MCI and amnestic/nonamnestic subtypes. Data were synthesized using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analyses and quantitative meta‐analyses.ResultsMeta‐analysis estimates (95% CI) of MCI incidence per 1000 person‐years were 22.5 (5.1–51.4) for ages 75–79y, 40.9 (7.7–97.5) for ages 80–84y, and 60.1 (6.7–159.0) for ages 85+y. Despite restrictive inclusion criteria, considerable heterogeneity (measured by I2) remained. Meta‐analysis findings and simple descriptive statistics were consistent and supported by qualitative review.DiscussionHeterogeneity in MCI incidence estimates persisted across age‐specific estimates from population samples, likely reflecting differences in populations and methods. Incidence rate ranges are important to consider with summary point estimates.
Monsoon-induced changes in surface hydrography of the eastern Arabian Sea during the early Pleistocene
Authors: Satpathy Rajeev Kumar , Steinke Stephan , Singh Arun Deo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUpper water column dynamics in the eastern Arabian Sea were reconstructed in order to investigate changes in the activity of the South Asian / Indian monsoon during the early Pleistocene (c. 1.5–2.7 Ma). We used planktic foraminiferal assemblage records combined with isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) data, Mg/Ca-based sea surface temperatures and seawater δ18O records to estimate changes in surface water conditions at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1457. Our records indicate two distinct regimes of monsoon-induced changes in upper water structure during the periodsc. 1.55–1.65 Ma andc. 1.85–2.7 Ma. We infer that a more stratified upper water column and oligotrophic mixed layer conditions prevailed during the period 1.85–2.7 Ma, which may be due to overall weaker South Asian / Indian winter (NE) and summer (SW) monsoon circulations. The period 1.55–1.65 Ma was characterized by enhanced eutrophication of the mixed layer, which was probably triggered by intensified winter (NE) monsoonal winds. The long-term trend in hydrographic changes during 1.55–1.65 Ma appears to be superimposed by short-term variations, probably reflecting glacial/interglacial changes. We suggest that an intensification of the South Asian / Indian winter monsoon circulation occurred between ∼1.65 Ma and 1.85 Ma, which is most likely due to the development of strong meridional and zonal atmospheric circulations (i.e. Walker Circulation and Hadley Circulation) because of strong equatorial East–West Pacific temperature gradients.
Initiating Participatory Action Research with Older Adults: Lessons Learned through Reflexivity
Authors: Hand Carri , Rudman Debbie Laliberte , McGrath Colleen , Donnelly Catherine , Sands Michele 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉLa recherche-action participative (RAP) apporte une perspective intéressante pour la recherche abordant l’exclusion et l’inclusion sociale des personnes âgées. Les exemples et réflexions sur la RAP impliquant des personnes âgées sont rares, en particulier à l’étape de l’initiation de la recherche, lorsque l’action participative cyclique est mise en place. Dans cet article, nous décrivons le démarrage d’un projet de recherche-action participative avec des personnes âgées et analysons la concordance entre ce processus et les principes clés de la participation, ainsi que son arrimage aux structures de recherche typiques. Les résultats soulignent les tensions entre le développement de relations de plus long terme et les demandes de financement préparées dans de courts délais. Cette étude montre comment les conceptions traditionnelles de la recherche peuvent influer sur la création de partenariats équitables et met en évidence la nécessité d’élaborer des lignes directrices en matière d’éthique et de publications qui traitent explicitement des approches participatives. Ces observations clés pourront être appliquées pour utiliser les potentialités de la recherche-action participative, qui consiste à aborder les enjeux importants à travers un travail collaboratif et une approche équitable intégrant les personnes les plus affectées.
Democratization and Foreign Policy Reforms in Turkey: Europeanization of Turkish Politics?
Authors: Gürsoy Yaprak 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe European Union membership process has had an impact on Turkish domestic politics and foreign policy. However, when compared with previous candidate countries to the EU, the Europeanization of politics in Turkey has not been an even process. The reformation of politics in Turkey has had three main characteristics. First, instead of the pace of the reforms being linear, there has been a periodic rise and fall of interest in introducing amendments. Second, the reforms have not necessarily replaced past practices, rather they have only introduced new ones in addition to the old ways of doing politics. Finally, there has been considerable opposition to the reforms in Turkey, partially because the government does not seem to follow the liberal-democratic trajectory set out by the EU membership process. The delays in enacting the constitutional and legal changes and the biased selection of laws and practices that are being amended do not give the impression that the government is sincere. Whether the amendments are in fact Europeanizing Turkey or pulling it away from its Western and secular political framework is a significant question leading to conflict among different factions in society. This divergence of opinion, in turn, results in further stalling the reforms.
A Christian View of Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs part of a roundtable on “Balancing Legal Norms, Moral Values, and National Interests,” this essay presents a Christian view of how to think coherently about the relationships between those three elements. Christian monotheism entails the view that there is a given moral order or “natural law,” which comprises basic human goods (or universally objective values) and moral rules for defending and promoting them. This natural law precedes all human, positive law. It follows that, while the authority of positive international law is important for the maintenance of the good of social order, it is still penultimate, since it can be trumped by natural law. Moreover, international law's authority is weaker than that of national law, because controversy over its sources gives greater scope for the interpreter's moral and political prejudices to shape its construal. Since the interpretation of international law is subject to diverse construals, occasions arise when its authority is invoked to shield the perpetration of grave injustice. In such circumstances, an appeal to natural law could supply moral justification for humanitarian military intervention, even when it violates the letter of international law. Humanitarian intervention, however, is often criticized for being motivated by national interests. A Christian view that follows Thomas Aquinas, however, does not regard national interests as immoral per se, but recognizes that self-interest can be legitimate, and that a national government has a moral responsibility to promote the legitimate interests of its people.