bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Dimensionality for Photocatalytic Water Splitting: CdS Nanotube versus Bulk Structure
Authors: Garg Priyanka , Bhauriyal Preeti , Mahata Arup , Rawat Kuber Singh , Pathak Biswarup 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing state‐of‐the‐art density functional theoretical calculations, we have modelled a facetted CdS nanotube (NT) catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting. The overall photocatalytic activity of the CdS photocatalyst has been predicted based on the electronic structures, band edge alignment, and overpotential calculations. For comparisons, we have also investigated the water splitting process over bulk CdS. The band edge alignment along with the oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction (OER/HER) mechanism studies help us find out the effective overpotential for the overall water splitting on these surfaces. Our study shows that the CdS NT has a highly stabilized valence band edge compared to that of bulk CdS owing to strong p–d mixing. The highly stabilized valence band edge is important for the hole‐transfer process and reduces the risk of electron‐hole recombination. CdS nanotube requires less overpotential for water oxidation reaction than the bulk CdS. Our findings suggest that the efficiency of the water oxidation/reduction process further improves in CdS as we reduce its dimensionality, that is going from bulk CdS to one‐dimensional nanotube. Furthermore, the stabilized valence band edge of CdS nanotube also improves the photostability of CdS, which is a problem for bulk CdS.
Tailoring the Molecular Skeleton of Aza‐BODIPYs to Design Photostable Red‐Light‐Emitting Laser Dyes
Authors: Prieto‐Castañeda Alejandro , Avellanal‐Zaballa Edurne , Gartzia‐Rivero Leire , Cerdán Luis , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Bañuelos Jorge , Ortiz María J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article the design and characterization of a set of novel red‐light‐emitting laser aza‐BODIPY dyes is reported. The applied synthetic method allows an exhaustive and versatile functionalization of both the dipyrrin core and the boron bridge. From the analysis of the photophysical and laser signatures, we determine the suitable modifications of the chromophoric backbone necessary to modulate the emission spectral region, efficiency and photostability under a strong irradiation regime. These dyes are endowed with efficient fluorescence and laser emission, and are particularly outstanding in terms of their high photostability, a key parameter to guarantee long‐lasting emission in any (bio)technological application. The herein‐reported results support, for the first time, the viability of aza‐BODIPYs as tunable red laser dyes. In fact, the laser performances of some of the tested aza‐BODIPYs surpass those of commercially available laser dyes in the same spectral region.
Lignin Valorization by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Fractionation of Lignocellulose to Yield Monophenolic Compounds
Authors: Rautiainen Sari , Di Francesco Davide , Katea Sarmad Naim , Westin Gunnar , Tungasmita Duangamol N. , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein, a catalytic reductive fractionation of lignocellulose is presented using a heterogeneous cobalt catalyst and formic acid or formate as a hydrogen donor. The catalytic reductive fractionation of untreated birch wood yields monophenolic compounds in up to 34 wt % yield of total lignin, which corresponds to 76 % of the theoretical maximum yield. Model compound studies revealed that the main role of the cobalt catalyst is to stabilize the reactive intermediates formed during the organosolv pulping by transfer hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. Additionally, the cobalt catalyst is responsible for depolymerization reactions of lignin fragments through transfer hydrogenolysis reactions, which target the β‐O‐4′ bond. The catalyst could be recycled three times with only negligible decrease in efficiency, showing the robustness of the system.
Imprint cytology of strumal carcinoid of the ovary: A case report with immunocytochemical analysis
Authors: Ishida Mitsuaki , Arimoto Tomoko , Sandoh Kaori , Okano Kimiaki , Ebisu Yusuke , Ito Hiroko , Matsumoto Mio , Mizokami Tomomi , Kita Masato , Okada Hidetaka , Tsuta Koji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStrumal carcinoid is a rare ovarian tumor defined as carcinoid associated with struma ovarii. We report here the second cytological case of strumal carcinoid and performed immunocytochemical analysis for the first time. A 68‐year‐old Japanese female was found to have a solid tumor with small cystic components in the left ovary, and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. The Papanicolaou smear of the imprint cytological specimen of the left ovarian tumor revealed presence of two distinct components. The first component included thyroid follicles, which was composed of flat sheets of polygonal epithelial cells without nuclear groove and intranuclear inclusion. The other component was composed of trabecular clusters of columnar cells containing round to slender nuclei with “salt and pepper” chromatin. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that synaptophysin was expressed in the latter component. Therefore, a cytodiagnosis of strumal carcinoid was made. Histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of strumal carcinoid. Albeit rare, carcinoid tumor occurs in the ovary, and the recognition of characteristic nuclear features and cellular arrangement leads to correct cytodiagnosis. Presence of struma ovarii component suggests an ovarian origin. Moreover, immunocytochemical analysis for neuroendocrine markers aids its differential diagnosis from granulosa cell tumor and carcinoma arising from struma ovarii.
Effects of biotic interactions on tropical tree performance depend on abiotic conditions
Authors: Muscarella Robert , Messier Julie , Condit Richard , Hubbell Stephen P. , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPredicting biotic responses to environmental change requires understanding the joint effects of abiotic conditions and biotic interactions on community dynamics. One major challenge is to separate the potentially confounding effects of abiotic environmental variation and local biotic interactions on individual performance. The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) addresses this issue directly by predicting that the effects of biotic interactions on performance become more positive as the abiotic environment becomes more stressful. It is unclear, however, how the predictions of the SGH apply to plants of differing functional strategies in diverse communities. We asked (1) how the effect of crowding on performance (growth and survival) of trees varies across a precipitation gradient, and (2) how functional strategies (as measured by two key traits: wood density and leaf mass per area, LMA) mediate average demographic rates and responses to crowding across the gradient. We built trait‐based neighborhood models of growth and survival across a regional precipitation gradient where increasing precipitation is associated with reduced abiotic stress. In total, our dataset comprised ~170,000 individual trees belonging to 252 species. The effect of crowding on tree performance varied across the gradient; crowding negatively affected growth across plots and positively affected survival in the wettest plot. Functional traits mediated average demographic rates across the gradient, but we did not find clear evidence that the strength of these responses depends on species’ traits. Our study lends support to the SGH and demonstrates how a trait‐based perspective can advance these concepts by linking the diversity of species interactions with functional variation across abiotic gradients.
PD‐1 expression is upregulated on adapted T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis but is not required to maintain a hyporesponsive state
Authors: Mair Iris , Besusso Dario , Saul Louise , Patel Sarju D. , Ravindran Rahul , McPherson Rhoanne C. , Leech Melanie D. , O'Connor Richard A. , Anderton Stephen M. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractT cell adaptation is an important peripheral tolerogenic process which ensures that the T cell population can respond effectively to pathogens but remains tolerant to self‐antigens. We probed the mechanisms of T cell adaptation using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in which the fate of autopathogenic T cells could be followed. We demonstrated that immunisation with a high dose of myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant failed to effectively initiate EAE, in contrast to low dose MBP peptide immunisation which readily induced disease. The proportion of autopathogenic CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice immunised with a high dose of MBP peptide was not significantly different to mice immunised with a low dose. However, autopathogenic T cells in mice immunised with high dose MBP peptide had an unresponsive phenotype in ex vivo recall assays. Importantly, whilst expression of PD‐1 was increased on adapted CD4+ T cells within the CNS, loss of PD‐1 function did not prevent the development of the unresponsive state. The lack of a role for PD‐1 in the acquisition of the adapted state stands in striking contrast to the reported functional importance of PD‐1 in T cell unresponsiveness in other disease models.
Social‐aware content dissemination through opportunistic D2D communications
Authors: Shao Wenjuan , Shen Qingguo , Huang Liaoruo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLast decade has witnessed rapid development in wireless network. The traffic demand is driven by enormous application data that have high‐bandwidth requirement. From the operators perspective, device‐to‐device (D2D) communications are expected to provide an efficient way of offloading cellular traffic. Note that, in the high‐density gathering cases, the redundant traffic in the cellular infrastructure can be drastically offloaded by disseminating the duplicated content through D2D communications. According to this observation, we propose a novel social‐aware content dissemination scheme through D2D communications to effectively offload cellular traffic. We base our proposition on the inherent social aspects of user mobility, exploit three social structural metrics, namely, centrality, contact rate, and intercontact time. The contributions of this paper are two‐fold. First, we integrate the carry‐forward mechanism and multihop forwarding into our D2D content dissemination scheme to fully utilize the potential of D2D networks. Second, based on social pattern, we design a two‐stage social‐aware delay prediction scheme (SADP) to improve the D2D offloading utility gain. The two stages are decision‐making stage and content dissemination stage. Based on real trace data set, we evaluate the proposed method through opportunistic D2D communications, which utilizes the aforementioned metrics to enhance offloading performance and D2D transmission utility gain. By comparing with other two well‐known schemes, SA‐Epidemic and SA‐Prophet, it has been shown that our method is superior to them in terms of offloading ratio and message delay and can substantially enhance the content dissemination performance. Since SADP is designed based on a distributed insight, it ensures that it can be adaptive to mobile network. To that end, we also look forward to the future that SADP is a promising approach applied in the application scenario of 5G network.
Design and analysis of distance error correction–based localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Prashar Deepak , Jyoti Kiran , Kumar Dilip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLocalization error is the main criteria to decide the efficiency on any localization approach. In case of range‐free hop‐based localization approaches, position coordinates estimation is done through the common steps like the calculation of the minimum hop count, hop size, and then later on applying the multilateration or least square approach. There are many improvements that have been made in the form of various algorithms through some changes in the common steps for the reduction of localization error. It has been observed that the existing algorithms are still having the highest value of localization error. To overcome the deficiencies in the existing algorithms, a novel distance error correction metric–based approach has been introduced. This paper presents a distance error correction–based algorithm (DEC‐hop) for the hop‐based localization approach for a wireless sensor network. Distance‐based error correction factor that is introduced in this paper further reduces the localization error value to some extent. For measuring the effectiveness and the preciseness of the given approach, it is inspected with other improved algorithms based on DV‐hop. Simulation results have confirmed that the proposed error correction–based algorithm outperforms the other variety of improved hop‐based algorithms. Results are analyzed in terms of various factors like the localization error, accuracy, and error variance against the parameters of interest taken as node amount, anchor ratio, and communication range of the node.
Third‐ and fourth‐order well‐balanced schemes for the shallow water equations based on the CWENO reconstruction
Authors: Castro Manuel J. , Semplice Matteo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryHigh‐order finite volume schemes for conservation laws are very useful in applications, due to their ability to compute accurate solutions on quite coarse meshes and with very few restrictions on the kind of cells employed in the discretization. For balance laws, the ability to approximate up to machine precision relevant steady states allows the scheme to compute accurately, also on coarse meshes, small perturbations of such states, which are very relevant for many applications. In this paper, we propose third‐ and fourth‐order accurate finite volume schemes for the shallow water equations. The schemes have the well‐balanced property thanks to a path‐conservative approach applied to an appropriate nonconservative reformulation of the equations. High‐order accuracy is achieved by designing truly two‐dimensional (2D) reconstruction procedures of the central WENO (CWENO) type. The novel schemes are tested for accuracy and well‐balancing and shown to maintain positivity of the water height on wet/dry transitions. Finally, they are applied to simulate the Tohoku 2011 tsunami event.
Hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle on CCl4‐induced acute liver damaged mice
Authors: Lee You‐Suk , Cho Il Je , Kim Joo Wan , Lee Min‐Ki , Ku Sae Kwang , Choi Jae‐Suk , Lee Hae‐Jeung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of blue honeysuckle (BH) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute hepatic damage in mice. The experiment used a total of 60 ICR mice, which were divided into six groups. Except for the intact control groups, all groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 after a 7 day pre‐treatment period with distilled water, BH extracts, or silymarin. Twenty‐four hours after the CCl4 injection, the following observations, representative of classical oxidative stress‐mediated centrolobular necrotic acute liver injuries, were observed: decreased body weight; small nodule formation and enlargement on the gross inspections with related liver weight increase; elevation of serum AST and ALT, increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation and related depletion of endogenous antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes; centrolobular necrosis; increases in apoptotic markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and oxidative stress markers. However, liver damage was significantly inhibited by the pre‐treatment with BH extracts. The present study demonstrated that oral administration of BH extracts prior to exposure to CCl4 conferred favorable hepatoprotective effects. These results demonstrated that BHe possessed suitable properties for use as a potent hepatoprotective medicinal food.
Settlement procedures and stock market efficiency
Authors: Lin Emily , Chen Carl R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines why most derivatives markets that settle on the day following expiration choose the opening rather than the closing price as the final settlement price (FSP), whereas most markets that settle on the expiration day select an average rather than a single price as the FSP. Four exogenous changes in the Taiwan Futures Exchange settlement procedures provide an experimental basis for studying the settlement procedures’ impact on underlying assets. Greatest market efficiency is observed when the FSP is determined by a single rather than an average price and hypothesize that manipulation is prevented at the expense of market quality.
Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence for the composition of the Palaeoproterozoic crust of the West African Craton in Ghana
Authors: Sakyi Patrick Asamoah , Manu Johnson , Su Ben‐Xun , Kwayisi Daniel , Nude Prosper M. , Dampare Samuel Boakye 
Published: November 2018

The metasedimentary rocks of the Sefwi and Lawra volcanic belts in Ghana respectively were analysed for their major and trace elements and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions to constrain the provenance, palaeo‐weathering conditions, and tectonic setting of the rocks. Geochemical characteristics of the metasedimentary rocks show low to moderate chemical weathering in their source regions and the rocks are interpreted to have been derived from mixture of mafic and felsic rock components. The LREE show much enrichment in relation to the HREE (LaN/LuN, 4.67‐11.66). The εNd (2.1 Ga) values of −0.12 to +3.72 strongly suggest that the source of the sedimentary rocks was derived from a depleted mantle source and that they were most likely produced in an almost entirely oceanic environment with minor influence from the continental crust. The Nd model ages ranging from +2.05 to 2.41 Ga suggest possible contributions of a pre‐Birimian crustal material (or Archaean?) in the source material of the volcanic rocks. The rock types that contributed as detritus to the Birimian metasedimentary rocks were mainly pyroclastics and basalts, and their REE patterns suggest that the contribution to the phyllites can be modelled after 20% basalt, 13% andesite, and 67% dacite. Similarly, the schists can be modelled as a mixture of 16% basalt, 34% andesite, and 50% dacite. The Nd isotopic modeling implies that the bulk of the sedimentary detritus was supplied by the Palaeoproterozoic volcanic arc with contributions of less than 10% from the pre‐Birimian crust (Archaean?).
Release of astroglial vimentin by extracellular vesicles: Modulation of binding and internalization of C3 transferase in astrocytes and neurons
Authors: Adolf Andrej , Rohrbeck Astrid , Münster‐Wandowski Agnieszka , Johansson Malin , Kuhn Hans‐Georg , Kopp Marcel Alexander , Brommer Benedikt , Schwab Jan Markus , Just Ingo , Ahnert‐Hilger Gudrun , Höltje Markus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClostridium botulinum C3 transferase (C3bot) ADP‐ribosylates rho proteins to change cellular functions in a variety of cell types including astrocytes and neurons. The intermediate filament protein vimentin as well as transmembrane integrins are involved in internalization of C3bot into cells. The exact contribution, however, of these proteins to binding of C3bot to the cell surface and subsequent cellular uptake remains to be unraveled. By comparing primary astrocyte cultures derived from wild‐type with Vim−/− mice, we demonstrate that astrocytes lacking vimentin exhibited a delayed ADP‐ribosylation of rhoA concurrent with a blunted morphological response. This functional impairment was rescued by the extracellular excess of recombinant vimentin. Binding assays using C3bot harboring a mutated integrin‐binding RGD motif (C3bot‐G89I) revealed the involvement of integrins in astrocyte binding of C3bot. Axonotrophic effects of C3bot are vimentin dependent and postulate an underlying mechanism entertaining a molecular cross‐talk between astrocytes and neurons. We present functional evidence for astrocytic release of vimentin by exosomes using an in vitro scratch wound model. Exosomal vimentin+ particles released from wild‐type astrocytes promote the interaction of C3bot with neuronal membranes. This effect vanished when culturing Vim−/− astrocytes. Specificity of these findings was confirmed by recombinant vimentin propagating enhanced binding of C3bot to synaptosomes from rat spinal cord and mouse brain. We hypothesize that vimentin+ exosomes released by reactive astrocytes provide a novel molecular mechanism constituting axonotrophic (neuroprotective) and plasticity augmenting effects of C3bot after spinal cord injury.
Measurement and evaluation of whole‐body vibration exposure in drivers of cargo vehicle compositions
Authors: Bortolini Alexander , Miguel Letícia Fleck Fadel , Becker Tiago 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present study carries out measurements and evaluations of whole‐body vibration (WBV) exposure in drivers of a cargo vehicle composition, traveling under different conditions of roads and loading, to compare and assess the health risk through the various criteria provided by vibration exposure standards. Using the acceleration data measured in the seat, the WBV exposure of the drivers is evaluated according to the criteria provided by five standards: three different versions of ISO 2631 (Part 1, 1985 and 1997; Part 5, 2004), the European Directive 2002/44/EC and the new Brazilian regulation NR‐15 published in 2014. Comparisons investigating the differences between the standards are presented. The results of the experimental data indicate that the current version of the NR‐15 is more restrictive than the other standards considered in this paper. Thus, these results can contribute to improve the criteria used in the new NR‐15.
Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Isoquercitrin: Apoptosis and Membrane Permeabilization Related to Reactive Oxygen Species in Candida albicans
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Woo Eun‐Rhan , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIsoquercitrin (ISO), one of phytochemical isolated from aerial parts of Aster yomena, has been reported to have antifungal activity. However, the synergistic effect and the mechanism of ISO in combination with conventional antifungal agents are poorly understood. Therefore, synergistic antifungal effect between ISO and conventional antifungal agents was investigated. ISO at non‐antifungal concentration interacts synergistically with amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLC), but the combination with flucytosine (5‐FC) showed no interaction. ISO disrupted an antioxidant system by inhibiting the activity of superoxide dismutase. This redox imbalance was shown to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress. ISO combined with FLC caused metacaspase activation and DNA condensation, markers of apoptosis, higher than the combination with ISO/AMB. In contrast, ISO with AMB synergistically stimulated membrane permeabilization compared to ISO/FLC. Scavenging ROS consequently reduced the synergy‐induced apoptosis and membrane permeabilization, indicating combinations induced ROS were associated with the synergy effect of ISO. In conclusion, AMB and FLC enhanced the antifungal potency of ISO through oxidative stress when used in synergy. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):283–292, 2019
The use of remifentanil to facilitate smooth emergence from anaesthesia
Authors: Wilson Ming , Burnand Cally 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA 52‐year‐old patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia presented with profound epistaxis requiring surgery. The patient was at high risk of rebleeding into the airway after achieving surgical haemostasis. Remifentanil is known to facilitate smooth emergence from anaesthesia, particularly in situations where coughing or straining on a tracheal tube could exacerbate bleeding. Remifentanil would normally be commenced at induction of anaesthesia or immediately after induction. In this case, we descibe the management of such a patient using remifentanil only at the end of the operation, to facilitate a safe extubation.