bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium Cobalt Metaphosphate as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Gond Ritambhara , Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSodium cobalt metaphosphate [NaCo(PO3)3] has CoO octahedra (CoO6) and shows superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline solution, comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal RuO2 catalyst. OER catalysts of this metaphosphate are prepared by combustion (Cb) and solid‐state (SS) methods. The combustion‐assisted method offers a facile synthesis and one‐step carbon composite formation. Unusually high catalytic activity was observed in NCoM‐Cb‐Ar and could be due to chemical coupling effects between NaCo(PO3)3 and partially graphitized carbon. This novel electrocatalyst exhibits very small overpotential of 340 mV with high mass activity of 532 A g−1. Good charge transfer abilities and chemical coupling between NaCo(PO3)3 and amorphous carbon gives the OER activity in NCoM‐Cb‐Ar.
Role and Potential of Metal Sulfide Catalysts in Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Applications
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jun , Kim Kookhan , Park Jungjin , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSulfur has been explored as a cathode active material for post rechargeable batteries because of their various attractive features such as their high theoretical specific capacity which is more than six times that of typical Li‐ion battery (LIB) cathode materials (LiCoO2). Furthermore, as a by‐product of the oil refining process, it is abundant and inexpensive. Despite this, the low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the polysulfide shuttle effect in ether‐based electrolytes has become a major obstacle to the industrialization of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Among them, the polysulfide shuttle effect is the critical limitation to be solved and thus many researchers have been engaged in its solution. This work summarizes a variety of metal sulfide catalysts that have recently attracted attention as additives. In addition, a brief description of the metal sulfides interprets their ability to anchor polysulfides via surface polarity and to act as an electrocatalyst during polysulfide redox reactions. We describe the electrocatalytic activity and anchoring effect of metal sulfides in Li−S batteries and their future possibilities.
Ultrathin‐Polyaniline‐Coated Pt–Ni Alloy Nanooctahedra for the Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo , Hong Youngmin , Kim Heon Chul , Choi Sang‐Il , Hong Jong Wook 
Published: March 2019

AbstractControlling the morphology and composition of nanocatalysts constructed from metals and conductive polymers has attracted attention owing to their great potential for the development of high‐efficiency catalysts for various catalytic applications. Herein, a facile synthetic approach for ultrathin‐polyaniline‐coated Pt–Ni nanooctahedra (Pt‐Ni@PANI hybrids) with controllable PANI shell thicknesses is presented. Pt–Ni nanooctahedra/C catalysts enclosed by PANI shells with thicknesses from 0.6 to 2.4 nm were obtained by fine control over the amount of aniline. The various Pt‐Ni@PANI hybrids exhibited electrocatalytic activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction that is highly dependent on the thickness of the PANI shell. Pt‐Ni@PANI hybrids with the thinnest PANI shells (0.6 nm) showed markedly improved electrocatalytic performance for the methanol oxidation reaction compared with Pt‐Ni@PANI hybrids with thicker PANI shells, Pt–Ni nanooctahedra/C, and commercial Pt/C due to synergistic benefits of ultrathin PANI shells and Pt–Ni alloy.
Synthetic Routes towards Multifunctional Cyclopentadienes
Authors: Frei Angelo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCyclopentadiene, and more importantly its functionalized derivatives, are a cornerstone of synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, they find applications in (chiral) catalysis, as ligands for organometallic complexes with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications, and many more. This Minireview highlights the progress that has been made in the development of flexible and robust synthetic routes towards multifunctional cyclopentadienes in the last 20 years.
Does the transversal screw design increase the risk of mechanical complications in dental implants? A finite elements analysis
Authors: Sánchez Lasheras Fernando , Gracia Rodríguez Javier , Mauvezín‐Quevedo Mario , Martín‐Fernández Elena , Bobes‐Bascarán Javier , de Llanos‐Lanchares Hector , Álvarez‐Arenal Ángel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe transversal screw was introduced in order to overcome some disadvantages of the transocclusal screw. However, its mechanical risk has not been studied sufficiently. The main purpose of this research was to assess and compare stress distribution in the screws and abutment of a single‐crown implant with transversal and transocclusal screw models. Two 3D models were assembled to analyse a single‐implant–supported prosthesis with transversal and transocclusal screws embedded in the jawbone. The crown was subjected to a static load of value 300 N with different levels of inclination. The transversal screw model, with an axial load of 15°, was the one with lowest stress values in all its components. However, the stress was greater with more inclined loads when compared with the transocclusal model. The prosthetic transversal screw showed much less stress than the rest of the components for any load inclination. The transversal screw design is the option with the lowest risk of mechanical complications, both in the prosthetic screw and in the abutment screw, when applying forces of lower inclination. The more oblique forces favoured a better biomechanical environment in the abutment and its screw in the transocclusal screw model.
Global recurrence rates in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Xue‐Lei , Ding Hui , Miao Wei‐Wei , Mao Chun‐Xing , Zhan Min‐Qi , Chen Hong‐Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers vary widely in the published literature. The aim of this systematic review is to estimate recurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers. We did a PubMed search and performed a review of reference lists for studies reporting recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers. The weighted relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for recurrence was estimated. Forty‐nine studies reporting recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers were included. A pooled estimate for recurrence rate was 22.1% per person‐year (py) (95% CI, 19.0‐25.2%). Recurrence rate was 24.9% per py in Europe (95% CI, 20.0%‐29.7%), 17.8% per py in North America (95% CI, 12.7%‐22.9%), 16.9% per py in Africa (95% CI, 4.7%‐29.0%), and 17.0% per py in Asia (95% CI, 11.1%‐23.0%). Turkey had the highest recurrence rate of 44.4% per py (95% CI, 24.9%‐63.9%), and Bangladesh had the lowest of 4.3% per py (95% CI, 2.3%‐6.3%). Recurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers before 2002, between 2002 and 2008, and after 2008 were 22.2% per py (95% CI, 17.6%‐26.8%), 21.9% per py (95% CI, 17.0%‐26.8%), and 21.8% per py (95% CI, 16.3%‐27.2%), respectively. Recurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers are high. Recurrence rates vary widely in different regions and have decreased recently. More attention towards recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers is urgently required.
Next‐generation phylogeography of the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum: Highly heterogeneous genetic differentiation in a lagoon species
Authors: Sromek Ludmila , Forcioli Didier , Lasota Rafal , Furla Paola , Wolowicz Maciej 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimCoastal lagoons form an intriguing example of fragmented marine habitats. Restricted gene flow among isolated populations of lagoon species may promote their genetic divergence and may thus provide a first step toward speciation. In the present study, the population genetic structure of the lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum has been investigated to clarify the complex phylogeographic pattern found in previous studies, to localize major genetic breaks, and to discuss their origin and maintenance.LocationThe Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, including the Baltic, North Sea, and Black Sea.MethodsA total of 204 C. glaucum individuals from 14 populations were genotyped using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). The genetic diversity, divergence, and structure were analyzed using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred under a coalescent model using SVDquartets.ResultsThe RADseq approach allowed inferring phylogeographic relationships with an unprecedented resolution. Three deeply divergent lineages were identified within C. glaucum that are separated by many genetic barriers: one lineage in the Aegean–Black Sea region, one in the Ionian Sea, and the last one widely distributed from the Western Mediterranean to the Baltic Sea. The nested branching pattern displayed on the species tree largely agrees with the likely scenario of C. glaucum postglacial expansion from the Mediterranean to the Baltic Sea.Main conclusionThe genetic differentiations between geographically separated lagoons proved to be strong, highlighting the evolutionary influence of these naturally fragmented habitats. The postglacial expansion created complex patterns of spatial segregation of genetic diversity with allele frequency gradients in many outlier loci, but also discrepancies between the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers that probably arose from genetic surfing of mitochondrial variation.
Plant–herbivore coevolution and plant speciation
Authors: Maron John L. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Schemske Douglas W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMore than five decades ago, Ehrlich and Raven proposed a revolutionary idea–that the evolution of novel plant defense could spur adaptive radiation in plants. Despite motivating much work on plant–herbivore coevolution and defense theory, Ehrlich and Raven never proposed a mechanism for their "escape and radiate" model. Recent intriguing mechanisms proposed by Marquis et al. include sympatric divergence, pleiotropic effects of plant defense traits on reproductive isolation, and strong postzygotic isolation, but these may not be general features of herbivore‐mediated speciation. An alternate view is that herbivores may impose strong divergent selection on defenses in allopatric plant populations, with plant–herbivore coevolution driving local adaptation resulting in plant speciation. Building on these ideas, we propose three scenarios that consider the role of herbivores in plant speciation. These include (1) vicariance, subsequent coevolution within populations and adaptive divergence between geographically isolated populations, (2) colonization of a new habitat lacking effective herbivores followed by loss of defense and then re‐evolution and coevolution of defense in response to novel herbivores, and (3) evolution of a new defense followed by range expansion, vicariance, and coevolution. We discuss the general role of coevolution in plant speciation and consider outstanding issues related to understanding: (1) the mechanisms behind cospeciation of plants and insects, (2) geographic variation in defense phenotypes, (3) how defensive traits and geography map on plant phylogenies, and (4) the role of herbivores in driving character displacement in defense phenotypes of related species in sympatry.
Male hypogonadism: 14‐year prospective outcome in 550 men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Malipatil Nagaraj S. , Yadegarfar Ghasem , Lunt Mark , Keevil Brian , Siddals Kirk , Livingston Mark , Roberts Siriol , Narayanan Prakash , Rutter Martin , Gibson J. Martin , Donn Rachelle , Hackett Geoff , Jones T. Hugh , Heald Adrian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIntroductionHypogonadism is more prevalent in men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (25%‐40%) than in men without T2DM. Hypogonadism has been associated with poorer glycaemic outcomes and increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. We report a 14‐year follow‐up study to evaluate the influence of baseline testosterone level on T2DM outcomes.Research design and methodsA total of 550 men with T2DM underwent baseline total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone measurement by tandem mass spectrometry. Mean age of the men was 59.7 ± 12 (mean ± SD) years. Sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) was measured and free testosterone estimated. Patients were followed up between 2002 and 2016. Mean follow‐up period was 12.2 ± 4 years using the Salford (UK) Integrated Health Records system.ResultsMean baseline total testosterone was 13.7 ± 5.8 nmol/L, and mean free testosterone was 245.7 ± 88.0 pmol/L. Mean for low total testosterone (<10 nmol/L) was 7.6 ± 2.0 nmol/L (n = 154) and 142 men had a free testosterone <190 pmol/L. During the 14‐year duration follow‐up, 22% of men experienced a myocardial infarction, 18% experienced a stroke, 11% developed angina, 14% underwent coronary revascularization. About 38% of the men initially recruited died. A lower total testosterone was associated with a higher body mass index (kg/m2) at follow‐up: regression coefficient −0.30 (95% CI −0.445 to −0.157), P = 0.0001. The mortality rate was higher in patients with lower total testosterone compared to normal baseline total testosterone (5.0% vs 2.8% per year, P < 0.0001). A similar phenomenon was seen for dihydrotestosterone (4.3% vs 2.9% per year, P = 0.002) for normal vs low dihydrotestosterone) and for lower SHBG. Over the whole follow‐up period 36.1% (143/396), men with normal baseline testosterone died vs 55.8% (86/154) of hypogonadal men at baseline. In Cox regression, the age‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for higher mortality associated with low total testosterone was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.2‐2.0, P < 0.002), corresponding to a 3.2 year reduced life expectancy for hypogonadal T2DM men.ConclusionLow testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels are associated with higher all‐cause mortality in T2DM men. Hypogonadal men with T2DM should be considered as very high risk for cardiovascular events/death.
The standardization of the report for urine cell counting—A converting factor for Sysmex UF‐1000i
Authors: Wang Lina , Wang Huacheng , Zhao Chanjing , Chen Cha 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMulticenter laboratory may apply both automated flow cytometer and microscopy for urinalysis. Automated flow cytometer such as Sysmex UF‐1000i evaluates particles with native urine without centrifugation and reports as “counts per μL.” Microscopic examination recommended as the reference method for urine sediment analysis reports results as “counts per HPF (or μL).” Moreover, some results from flow cytometer are needed to be checked visually under microscopy. Therefore, it is worth to establish the consistency of the results from these two methods.MethodsUrine specimens from 412 patients were examined with Sysmex UF‐1000i and manual microscopy using FAST‐READ disposable counting chambers. White blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counting results from UF‐1000i after transferred with the converting factor (0.297) we estimated were compared with that from microscopic examination. Method comparison was performed using Passing‐Bablok analysis.ResultsAfter transferred with the converting factor (0.297), cell counting results from UF‐1000i showed a good correlation with that derived by the reference method (R2 was 0.868 for RBCs (P < 0.001), 0.882 for WBCs (P < 0.001)). Passing‐Bablok analysis showed no systematic difference (intercept estimate, −1 [95%CI, −7 to 3] and slightly proportional (slope estimate, 1.2 [95%CI, 1.0 to 1.7]) bias between concentrations of cells measured by manual microscopy and Sysmex UF‐1000i using the converting factor.ConclusionThe converting factor (0.297) helps to transfer “counts per μL (non‐centrifugal urine)” to “counts per μL (equal to centrifugal urine),” and to keep the urine particle analysis results of Sysmex UF‐1000i consistent with the results from the reference method.
Microvesicles of osteoblasts modulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐induced apoptosis to curcumin in myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Zahedpanah Mahdi , Takanlu Javid Sabour , Nikbakht Mohsen , Rad Fariba , Farhid Fatemeh , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Rad Soroush , Fumani Hosein Kamranzadeh , Hosseini Rad Seyed Mohammad Ali , Mohammadi Saeed 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) derived from bone marrow niche components have an important role in genetic reprogramming and subsequent drugs induce apoptosis in leukemic cells. Here, we have found that undertreatment of curcumin or daunorubicin, the cross‐talk through MVs of KG‐1‐bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), significantly downregulates the expression of the survival gene osteopontin (OPN), CXCL‐12, IL‐6 (interleukin‐6), STAT‐3, and VCAM‐1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) in treated‐KG‐1 cells as well as exclusively upregulates CXCL‐12 in BMSCs. Drug treated‐cell populations’ MVs of both single cultured osteoblasts (OBs) and cocultured KG‐1 + BMSCs + OBs similarly upregulate survival mediators’ OPN, CXCL‐12, IL‐6, STAT‐3, and VCAM‐1 in treated‐KG‐1 cells. Likewise, isolated MVs from KG‐1 cells or communication between KG‐1, BMSCs, and OBs treated by drugs increase the expression of genes OPN, CXCL‐12, IL‐6, STAT3, and VCAM‐1 by OBs. MVs derived from KG‐1 + BMSCs + OBs reduce drug‐induced apoptosis in KG‐1 cells. This suggests MVs‐mediated information transfer is a procedure whereby OBs could overcome BMSCs‐induced apoptosis in drug‐treated‐KG‐1 cells.
Deletion of Htt cause alterations in cAMP signaling and spatial patterning in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Bhadoriya Pooja , Jain Mukul , Kaicker Geeta , Saidullah Bano , Saran Shweta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we have analyzed in detail the functions of Htt during growth and development of the protist, Dictyostelium discoideum by creating mutants (both overexpressor and knockout). The mRNA was present at all stages of growth and development. Overexpression of
htt did not show any major anomaly, while deletion resulted in delayed aggregation territory formation and showed asynchronous development especially after slug stage. The slugs formed by
htt
− cells showed aberration in anterior–posterior boundary, showing increased prestalk region. DdHtt regulates STAT transcription factors in the tip organizer region that help maintain patterning and culmination. In chimeras with the wild‐type,
htt
− cells preferentially localized to the tip of the slug and basal disc regions of the fruiting body showing prestalk/stalk bias, while the overexpressing cells majorly populated the prespore/spore region showing spore bias. These differences could be attributed to protein kinase A (PKA)‐regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling.
miR‐31 shuttled by halofuginone‐induced exosomes suppresses MFC‐7 cell proliferation by modulating the HDAC2/cell cycle signaling axis
Authors: Xia Xiaojing , Wang Xin , Zhang Shouping , Zheng Yi , Wang Lei , Xu Yanzhao , Hang Bolin , Sun Yawei , Lei Liancheng , Bai YueYu , Hu Jianhe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are both historically important therapeutic agents and important source of new drugs. Halofuginone (HF), a small molecule alkaloid derived from febrifugine, has been shown to exert strong antiproliferative effects that differ markedly among various cell lines. However, whether HF inhibits MCF‐7 cell growth in vitro and underlying mechanisms of this process are not yet clear. Here, we offer the strong evidence of the connection between HF treatment, exosome production and proliferation of MCF‐7 cells. Our results showed that HF inhibits MCF‐7 cell growth in both time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Further microRNA (miRNA) proﬁles analysis in HF treated and nontreated MCF‐7 cell and exosomes observed that six miRNAs are particularly abundant and sorted in exosomes. miRNAs knockdown experiment in exosomes and the MCF‐7 growth inhibition assay showed that exosomal microRNA‐31 (miR‐31) modulates MCF‐7 cells growth by specially targeting the histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which increases the levels of cyclin‐dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) and cyclin D1 and suppresses the expression of p21. In conclusion, these data indicate that inhibition of exosome production reduces exosomal miR‐31, which targets the HDAC2 and further regulates the level of cell cycle regulatory proteins, contributing to the anticancer functions of HF. Our data suggest a new role for HF and the exosome production in tumorigenesis and may provide novel insights into prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrophotometry analysis of reciprocating and continuous rotary nickel‐titanium instruments following root canal retreatment
Authors: Üreyen Kaya Bulem , Erik Cevat Emre , Kiraz Gülsen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim was to examine the effect of retreatment process on the surface roughness and nickel titanium (NiTi) composition of ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR; consists of 3 files; D1, D2, D3) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) (primary) instruments. Twenty extracted mandibular molar teeth with severe curved (30–40°) mesial roots were selected and divided into two groups (n = 10) based on the instrument used for the removal of the root canal filling. Before and after using the instruments in two canals, they were subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrophotometry (EDX) analysis. The EDX analysis data and roughness average (Ra) and root mean square (RMS) values were analyzed statistically using a one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test at the 5% significant level. There was no significant difference between the new and used D1 and D2 PTUR and WOG instruments in terms of the Ni composition (p > .05). The Ti contents of the used D2 and D3 PTUR instruments were lower those of the new instruments (p < .05). In both new and used instruments, PTUR and WOG have no difference in terms of Ra and RMS values. (p > .05). The Ra and RMS values of the PTUR and WOG systems significantly increased after removal of the root canal filling (p < .05). The use of PTUR and WOG instruments for removal of root canal filling in severely curved root canals affected the surface topography of the files. The NiTi composition of the WOG instruments was unaffected by the retreatment process.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Novel Phthalocyanines
Authors: Demirbaş Ümit , Barut Burak , Yalçın İzzet , Değirmencioğlu İsmail , Yıldırmış Sermet , Özel Arzu 
Published: March 2019

In this study, 4‐{2‐(2‐thienyl)ethoxy}phthalonitrile (3) and its tetra substituted peripherally metal‐free (4), lead (II) (5), magnesium (II) (6), and cobalt (II) (7) phthalocyanines were synthesized. The structural characterization of the obtained compounds was performed by a combination of FTIR,1H‐NMR, UV–vis, and MALDI‐TOF techniques. The inhibitory properties of these compounds were determined using Ingkaninan's methods against cholinesterase enzymes. Compound (7) had the highest enzyme inhibitory effect toward AChE and BuChE enzymes with IC50values of 23.71 ± 0.39 and 27.29 ± 0.22 μM, respectively. The enzyme kinetic study of compound (7) demonstrated noncompetitive AChE inhibition and uncompetitive BuChE inhibition. TheKivalues of compound (7) against AChE and BuChE were found to 39.15 and 7.25 μM, respectively. In the tested compounds, (7) deserves further investigation for potential therapeutic candidates of Alzheimer's disease.