bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topic: Under-5 children mortality in Chad from 1990 to 2017: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease data
Authors: MARTIAL NODJIMADJI TAMLENGAR , Chuanhua YU 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Ending preventable death for newborns and children is one of the new goals set by the United Nations as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This goal should be reached by the year of 2030, in all United Nations countries including the Republic of Chad.
Chad is one of the Sub-Saharan countries in central Africa, where infants’ mortality is still high, due to many conditions.
The objective of this study is to analyze the mortality in under-5 children in Chad from 1990-2018, with data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD).
Methods: Data from GBD (GHDx input source) of under-5 mortality in Chad 1990-2018 was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 by performing a Two-way ANOVA to check for the interaction effect between gender, age, and mortality. A Mean compare was used to determine the most involved gender and the most involved age in under-5 mortality in Chad.
Results: The male gender 12510 (95%CI -4867-29888 52%) is higher than the female gender 11401 (95%CI -5976-28779 48%) in under-5 mortality in Chad from 1990-2018. This can also be interpreted by the percentages of YLLs in both genders with the male’s 1085166 (95%CI 1067788-1102544 52%) which is also higher than the female’s 988032 (95%CI 970654-1005410 48%). In the different age groups used in this study, the overall Data showed that the 1-4years age group is the most affected with a highest number (Deaths and YLLs) 717547 (45.6%), followed by the Post neonatal group 552360 (35.1%), and finally the Early neonatal group 302924 (19.3%).
Conclusion: Under-5 mortality in Chad is still higher compared to the new Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations.
The use of visual risk communication and its significance for risk understanding and health literacy in out-clinic settings – a literature review
Authors: Jensen Louise Drejer , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Jensen Anders Elkær 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Patients frequently experience difficulties understanding communicated risks. The aim of this study was through a literature review to analyze if the use of visual risk communication tools improve risk understanding among patients in outpatient settings or general practice, and if one tool appears more useful than others.

Method
The electronic databases PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Relevant references were used for chain search to make sure all relevant literature was included.

Results
The main search revealed 1,157 titles. There were 13 eligible studies concerning visual risk communication in outpatient clinical settings. The design, quality and main findings of the studies were heterogeneous. However, most of the analysed studies found a significant positive effect of graphical, interactive and dynamic visual aids on risk communication.

Conclusion
There is currently not enough evidence to endorse one graphical format above others. Personalising the graph format to the type of risk information presented may facilitate a better understanding of risk and contribute to improve health and cost-efficacy.
Optimising wastewater treatment solutions for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): a case study for application in India
Authors: Visanji Zara , Sadr Seyed M. K. , Johns Matthew B. , Savic Dragan , Memon Fayyaz A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce optimal wastewater treatment solutions to calculate the removal of different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) found in developing countries. A new methodology was developed for a decision support tool (WaStewater Decision support OptiMiser, WiSDOM), which focuses on producing treatment solutions suited to treating water for reuse to Indian Water Quality Standards. WiSDOM-CEC analyses the removal of CECs through different treatment solutions and was also used to evaluate the performance of each treatment train solution in terms of the removal of conventional pollutants using multi-objective optimisation and multi-criteria decision analysis. Information was collected on different CECs across different regions of India, and the removal of 18 different CECs through 42 wastewater treatment unit processes for five different regions of India was analysed. Comparisons between similar categories of CECs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, showed that emerging contaminants all react differently with individual treatment options. For example, the removal of ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NPX) varied from &gt;80% and 0%, respectively, for a solution in Karnataka involving sedimentation, submerged aerated filter, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. In Tamil Nadu, results ranged from 36.8% to 72% for diclofenac, 10.7% to 66.5% for IBP, and 0% for NPX.
Elektroretinografi Ve Görsel Uyarılmış Potansiyel Ölçümlerinde Zenon Ve LED Işık Kaynaklarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKSU Serkan , KURT Adnan , SOYATA Ahmet Zihni , SAÇAR Kardelen Türkü , TAŞDELEN Semih , KARAMÜRSEL Sacit 
Published: June 2019

Amaç: Elektroretinografi (ERG) ve Görsel Uyarılmış Potansiyeller (GUP) görsel bir uyarana yanıt olarak retinada ve oksipital korteksteki primer görme alanında oluşan elektriksel etkinliği ölçen ve görme yollarını nesnel olarak değerlendirebilen önemli tanı araçlarıdır. Potansiyellerin oluşturulması için zenon ya da ışık yayan diyot (LED) ışık kaynağı kullanılabilmektedir. Farklı fiziksel özelliklere sahip olan bu iki ışık kaynağının GUP ölçümlerinde kullanıldığı az sayıda araştırmada, LED ışık kaynağı kullanılarak yapılan GUP kayıtlarında benzer ya da hafifçe daha düşük genlikler elde edildiği bildirilmiştir. Ancak her iki ışık kaynağı kullanılarak ölçülen ERG ve GUP kayıtlarını eş zamanlı olarak değerlendiren bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada sağlıklı gönüllülerde zenon ve LED ışık kaynağı kullanılarak yapılan ERG ve GUP kayıtlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Araştırmanın örneklemi 21-30 yaş aralığındaki 31 gönüllü katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. LED ve zenon ışık kaynağı ile hem sağ hem sol gözden sırası randomize edilerek ayrı ayrı ERG ve GUP kayıtları alındı. ERG kayıtlarındaki “a”, “b”, ve GUP kayıtlarındaki N2, P2 dalgalarının gecikme süreleri ve genlikleri “Eşleştirilmiş-t testi” ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: ERG kayıtlarındaki “a” ve “b” dalgaları ile GUP kayıtlarındaki N2 ve P2 dalgalarının gecikme süreleri arasında fark saptanmadı. LED ışık kaynağı ile yapılan ERG kayıtlarındaki a ve b dalgalarının genlikleri ile GUP kayıtlarındaki N2 dalgasının genliği daha düşük bulundu. Sonuç: LED ışık kaynağı ile zenon lamba ile elde edilenlere büyük ölçüde benzer dalga morfolojisi ve sonuçları olan ERG ve GUP kayıtları elde edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. LED ışık kaynağı ile yapılan GUP ve ERG ölçümlerinde daha düşük genlikler elde edilmesinin önüne geçmek için monokromatik LED kullanılması, özel gözlük kullanılması gibi değişiklikler önerilmiştir. Ayrıca bulunan sonuçların farklı yaş grupları ve görme yolu patolojisi olan bireylerde yinelenmesine gereksinim duyulmaktadır.
Computational Drug Repurposing: Classification of the Research Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Sadeghi Seyedeh Shaghayegh , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2019

Background: :
Drug repurposing has grown significantly in recent years. Research and innovation
in drug repurposing are extremely popular due to its practical and explicit advantages. However, its adoption
into practice is slow because researchers and industries have to face various challenges.

Objective::
As this field, there is a lack of a comprehensive platform for systematic identification for removing development
limitations. This paper deals with a comprehensive classification of challenges in drug repurposing.

Methods:
Initially, a classification of various existing repurposing models is propounded. Next, the benefits of
drug repurposing are summarized. Further, a categorization for computational drug repurposing shortcomings
is presented. Finally, the methods are evaluated based on their strength to addressing the drawbacks.

Results::
This work can offer a desirable platform for comparing the computational repurposing methods by
measuring the methods in light of these challenges.

Conclusion::
A proper comparison could prepare guidance for a genuine understanding of methods. Accordingly,
this comprehension of the methods will help researchers eliminate the barriers thereby developing
and improving methods. Furthermore, in this study, we conclude why despite all the benefits of drug
repurposing, it is not being done anymore.
Comparative Evaluation of Retreatability of Endodontically Treated Teeth using AH 26, Fluoride Varnish and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Donyavi Zakiyeh , Shokri Abbas , Pakseresht Zahra , Tapak Leili , Falahi Alireza , Abbaspourrokni Hadiseh 
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives:Endodontic sealers are used to fill the gap between the root filling material and canal walls. Retrievability is an important requirement for sealers and root filling materials in non-surgical endodontic retreatment. This study sought to assess the retreatability of fluoride varnish, AH 26 and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)-based sealers using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:Thisin vitro, experimental study evaluated 45 extracted single-rooted, single-canal human mandibular premolars. Teeth with cracks or fracture were excluded. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper Universal rotary system up to size F4 according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups of 5% fluoride varnish, AH 26 and MTA Fillapex. CBCT scans were obtained of the teeth with 200 μm voxel size. MATLAB R2012 software was used to quantify the amount of sealer remaining in the canal. Two observers evaluated the images. Data were analyzed using SPSSviathe Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests.Results:The amount of sealer remaining in the root canals was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05). The amount of AH 26 sealer remaining in the root canals (1.91±1.46) was significantly greater than MTA Fillapex (0.62±0.26) and fluoride varnish, but the latter two were not significantly different in this respect (P>0.05).Conclusion:Considering the adequate adhesion of fluoride varnish to dentin, its cariostatic effect and low cost, it seems to be a suitable alternative to the commonly used endodontic sealers.
Antibiotic Surveillance in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in the Year of 2015-2017
Authors: Wati Dyah Kanya , Gustawan I Wayan , Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi , Tunas I Ketut , Setiawan Putu Andrie 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Antibiotic surveillance in hospital settings is mandatory for optimal antibiotic therapy for the patient. Only a small number of studies have focused on antibiotic surveillance in hospitalized newborns, infants, and children.

Objectives:
The goal was to evaluate antibiotic use in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and evaluate it for a possible association with the length of PICU stay.

Methods:
A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to April 2017, involving subjects who were hospitalized in the PICU at Sanglah Hospital. The inclusion criteria were children aged between 1-month-12-years old, who had a blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity test result in their medical record. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical records, blood cultures showing 2 types of bacteria at the same time (gram-positive and negative), or contaminated blood results. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed using a Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant and the Risk Ratio (RR) of the associated factors was determined by 95% CI.

Results:
Multivariate analysis showed that the significant predictors of PICU length of stay were the appropriate continuation of antibiotics (RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.043 to 1.373; P = 0.047). There were also significant results for antibiotic compatibility and length of stay (RR 3.6; 95% CI 0.869 to 15.428; P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
Appropriate continuation of antibiotics and the compatibility of continuation antibiotics were significant predictors of length of PICU stay based on multivariate analysis.
Asbestos Bodies Burden in the Autopsy Lung Tissue from General Thai Population
Authors: Incharoen Pimpin , Hama Tuanseeta , Arsa Lalida , Kamprerasart Kaettipong , Wongwichai Sompong , Bovornkitti Somchai 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Chrysotile asbestos has been used in Thailand for over 30 years mainly in asbestos-cement wall and roof tiles. In non-exposed subject, asbestos fiber can contaminate in ambient indoor and outdoor environments.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the current prevalence and volume of AB load in general Thai population.

Methods:
Lung tissues were obtained from 200 autopsy cases. Asbestos Bodies (AB) were identified with light microscopy using the tissue digestion and membrane filtration method. Results are reported as AB/g wet lung tissue.

Results:
AB was identified in 97(48.5%) out of 200 cases. The AB level ranged from 0.19-14.4 AB/g wet lung. Most of the positive cases (99%) have less than 10 AB/g wet lung. Only one case exhibited a high value at 14.4 AB/g wet lung. Age, gender, occupation and hometown were found to have no effect on AB burden in autopsy lung tissue from this study.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of AB in autopsy lung tissue from general Thai population is 48.5% and the AB level ranges from 0-14.4 AB/g wet lung in consistent with non-occupational asbestos exposure level regarding several reference reports.
Bus Passenger Demand Modelling Using Time-Series Techniques- Big Data Analytics
Authors: Cyril Anila , Mulangi Raviraj H. , George Varghese 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Public transport demand forecasting is the fundamental process of transport planning activity. It plays a pivotal role in the decision making, policy formulations and urban transport planning procedures. In this paper, public bus passenger demand forecasting model is developed using a novel approach. The empirical passenger demand for a bus depot is modelled and forecasted using a data-driven method. The big data generated by Electronic Ticketing Machines (ETM) used for issuing tickets and collecting fares is sourced as the data for demand modelling. This big data is time indexed and hence has the potential for use in time-series applications which were not previously explored.

Objectives:
This paper studies the application of time-series method for forecasting public bus passenger demand using ETM based time-series data. The time-series approach used is the four Holt-Winters’ modeling methods. Holt-Winters’ additive and multiplicative models with and without damping have been empirically compared in this study using the data from the inter-zonal buses. The data used in the study is a part of the transaction on ticket sales by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) maintained at the Trivandrum City depot of an Indian state Kerala, for the period between 2010 and 2013. The forecasting performance of four time-series models is compared using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and the model goodness of fit is determined using information criteria.

Conclusion:
The forecasts indicate that multiplicative models with and without damping, which better account for seasonal variations, outperform the additive models.
Immunologic Restoration of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: The Focus of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Co-Morbidities
Authors: Melaku Tsegaye , Mamo Girma , Chelkeba Legese , Chanie Tesfahun 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The life expectancy of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has dramatically improved with the much-increased access to antiretroviral therapy. Consequently, a larger number of people living with HIV are living longer and facing the increased burden of non-communicable diseases. This study assessed the effect of chronic non-communicable disease(s) and co-morbidities on the immunologic restoration of HIV infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Methods:
A nested case-control study was conducted among people living with HIV at Jimma University Medical Center from February 20 to August 20, 2016. Cases were HIV infected patients living with chronic non-communicable diseases and controls were people living with HIV only. Patient-specific data were collected using a structured data collection tool to identify relevant information. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with outcome. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05. A patient's written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study.

Results:
A total of 240 participants (120 cases and 120 controls) were included in the analysis. Prevalence of hypertension was 12.50%, and diabetes was 10.84%. About 10.42% of study participants were living with multi-morbidity. At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of cases was 42.32±10.69 years, whereas it was 38.41±8.23 years among controls. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 184.50 cells/µL (IQR: 98.50 - 284.00 cells/µL) for cases and 177.0 cells/µL (IQR: 103.75 - 257.25 cells/µL) for controls. Post-6-months of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation, about 29.17% of cases and 16.67% of controls had poor immunologic restoration. An average increase of CD4+ cell count was 6.4cells/µL per month among cases and 7.6 cells/µL per month among controls. Male sex [AOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.496 to 8.24; p=0.004], smoking history [AOR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.072, to 7.342; p=0.036] and co-morbidity with chronic non-communicable disease(s) [AOR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.604 to 9.916; p=0.003)] were independent predictors of poor immunologic restoration.

Conclusions:
Chronic non-communicable disease(s) have negative effects on the kinetics of CD4+ cell count among HIV-infected patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy. So the integration of chronic non-communicable disease-HIV collaborative activities will strengthen battle to control the double burden of chronic illnesses.
Hemolysis, Platelet Aggregation and Antibacterial Activities of Human Antiphospholipid Antibody
Authors: Shapoorabadi Farzaneh Ahmadi , Firoozabad Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri , Habibi Neda , Emtiazi Giti 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Anti-phospholipid antibodies have the potential to become an alternative to conventional
antibiotics for humans. The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease where
the body’s defense system incorrectly reacts against its own phospholipids. APS is distinct through the existence
of venous and arterial thromboses, frequently multiple and recurring fetal losses, commonly accompanied
by moderate thrombocytopenia. Anti-phospholipid antibodies include lupus anti-coagulant, anti-
cardiolipin, anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1, and anti-prothrombin antibodies.

Methods:
In this study, the mechanism of action of Anti-phospholipid antibodies against Klebsiella pneumonia
and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in great detail using a unique combination of imaging
and biophysical techniques. Antibacterial activity of antiphospholipid antibodies was detected by a diffusion
method and the investigation of the complexity of antibody-antigen was done by spectroscopic examination,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging.

Results:
There was a profound change in the bacteria treated with healthy and patient serum in the optical
microscopic study. In all of the studied fields, bacterial treatment with patient serum immediately induced
bacterial swelling and cumulative accumulation of the bacteria while no changes were observed in the
healthy serum. Anti-bacterial activities of patient serum were detected on the plate. The result of this study
showed that after platelet activation by thrombin and incubation with antiphospholipid antibodies, the
platelet was aggregated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the cell wall of
Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus incubated with antiphospholipid had a bizarre shape and
antiphospholipid antibodies bound to bacterial membranes.

Conclusion:
The data indicated that antiphospholipid antibodies with hemolysis activities have an effect on
Gram-positive and negative bacteria and these antibodies have the potential to become antibiotic for human.
Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers
Authors: Hall Cougar , Hoj Taylor H , Julian Clark , Wright Geoff , Chaney Robert A , Crookston Benjamin , West Joshua 
Published: June 2019

Background
Mountain biking is an aerobic physical activity that has experienced rapid growth. The emergence of the electric pedal-assist mountain bike (eMTB), while not without its critics, presents the potential for an even larger segment of the population to enjoy the health benefits of mountain biking. Although the research focused on the use of e-bikes generally is growing, there is limited research specifically targeting eMTB use. Research is needed exploring the potential exercise response of riding an eMTB, together with the beliefs and perceptions of mountain bikers who have and have not experienced eMTB riding.

Objective
This study aimed to compare conventional mountain bike and eMTB use. This was done by investigating 2 questions: (1) What proportion of exercise response is retained for an experienced mountain biker while using an eMTB when compared with a conventional mountain bike? and (2) What are the perceptions and beliefs of experienced mountain bikers toward eMTBs both before and after riding an eMTB?

Methods
A convergent mixed methods data collection approach was used in the study. Participants completed both a pre- and postride questionnaire, and data regarding heart rate were collected. Heart rates from each ride were compared against each other.

Results
The average heart rate during eMTB use was 94% (31/33) of the average heart rate during conventional mountain bike use. Therefore, eMTB use in this study achieved a majority of the exercise response and exceeded established biometric thresholds for cardiovascular fitness. Paired t test statistics were calculated to compare beliefs of conventional mountain bikes and eMTBs and to compare mean heart rate and speed between conventional mountain bike and eMTB use on the study loop. Participants overwhelmingly perceived the potential impact of eMTB use to be positive on both pre- and post-eMTB ride questionnaires.

Conclusions
Despite the measured benefit, participants’ perceived exertion while riding the eMTB was low.