bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
London’s local Olympic legacy
Authors: Duignan Michael B. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeLondon’s Candidature bid projected an irresistible legacy of lasting benefits for host communities and small businesses. Yet, local post-Games perspectives paint a contrasted picture – one of becoming displaced. This paper aims to draw on event legacy, specifically in relation to rising rents, threats to small business sustainability and impact on place development by empirically examining London’s localembryonic legaciesforming across one ex-hosting Olympic community: Central Greenwich.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 43 interviews with local businesses (specifically, small retailers and hospitality businesses), local authorities, London-centric and national project actors and policymakers underpin analysis, supported by official London 2012 archival, documentary and media reports, were conducted to add texture and triangulate primary and secondary data sources.FindingsJuxtaposing ex ante projections vs emerging ex post realities, this paper reveals a local legacy of small business failure fuelled by rising commercial rents and a wider indifference for protecting diverse urban high streets. Embroiled in a struggle to survive, and barely recognised as a key stakeholder and contributor to legacy, small businesses have and continue to become succeeded by a new business demographic in town: monochromatic global and national chains. Typifying the pervasive shift toward clone town spaces, this article argues that corporate colonisation displaces independent businesses, serves to homogenise town centres, dilute place-based cultural offer and simultaneously stunts access to a positive local development legacy. This paper argues that such processes lead to the production of urban blandscapes that may hamper destination competitiveness.Originality/valueExamining event legacy, specifically local legacies forming across ex-host Olympic communities, is a latent, under-researched but vital and critical aspect of scholarship. Most event legacy analysis focuses on longer-term issues for residents, yet little research focuses on both local placed-based development challenges and small business sustainability and survival post-Games. More specifically, little research examines the potential relationship between event-led gentrification, associated rising rents and aforementioned clone town problematic. Revealing and amplifying the idiosyncratic local challenges generated through an in-depth empirically driven triangulation of key local business, policy, governmental and non-governmental perspectives, is a central contribution of this article missing from extant literatures. This paper considers different ways those responsible for event legacy, place managers and developers can combat such aforementioned post-Games challenges.
Cross-country differences in innovative entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Raza Ali , Muffatto Moreno , Saeed Saadat 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial cognition and innovative entrepreneurial activity (IEA) across countries using an institutional perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper tests theoretical model using data collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness study and the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF). A multi-level analysis is performed based on set of 1,004,620 observations from 49 countries spanning 13 years (2001–2013).FindingsThe results suggest that in terms of formal regulations; the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when there is an increase in intellectual property right and business freedom regulations in a country. On the other hand, in terms of informal institutions the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when the level of institutional collectivism and uncertainty decreases and performance orientation increases.Originality/valueThe study indicates that entrepreneurship by innovation increases when the individuals possess high level of entrepreneurial cognition under suitable institutional conditions (e.g. intellectual property right, business freedom, institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and performance orientation).
Students’ knowledge and attitudes towards GMOs and nanotechnology
Authors: Hekmat Sharareh , Dawson Lindsay Nicole 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate knowledge and attitudes toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and nanotechnology among the Canadian youth demographic. The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes toward GMOs and nanotechnology among first year university students. The secondary objective was to compare knowledge and attitudes toward GMOs and nanotechnology among students studying nutrition as to students who do not study nutrition.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was developed by researchers and student volunteers. This questionnaire was distributed to first year university classes at Western University. The multiple-choice questions were analyzed using SAS, and open-ended questions were analyzed using theme analysis.

Findings
GMO knowledge was strong for both populations, however questions related to the percentage of GM foods grown in Canada indicated nutrition students had a stronger GMO knowledge (p = 0.031). Open-ended questions revealed overall attitudes toward GMOs were either unsure or negative between both populations. Nutrition students had a more positive attitude toward nanotechnology, and a slightly stronger knowledge regarding applications of nanotechnology (p = 0.006). Theme analysis indicated that participants enrolled in nutritional studies were less apprehensive toward GMOs. No differences were indicated in open-ended questions related to nanotechnology between both groups, which may be due to the lack of awareness related to the novelty of the technology.

Research limitations/implications
Without a validated questionnaire, this reduces the reliability of the results from the questionnaire. The questionnaire was carefully designed by combining previous studies questionnaires, as well as producing questions from related literature, which increases the reliability and accuracy of the questionnaire. In addition, the questionnaires underwent several rounds of pre-piloting as well as multiple revisions with current health-care professions to increase the reliability and accuracy of the questionnaire.

Practical implications
This study will assist in understanding the current knowledge of GMOs and nanotechnology among first year university students. This will then allow us to understand if knowledge has a factor in altering students’ attitudes toward these technologies. If students do not have a strong knowledge toward these technologies, then this may lead to the potential implementation of education regarding GMOs and nanotechnology. As these technologies are emerging and being used in everyday food items, individuals should be aware of the implications, as well as the benefits of these technologies.

Originality/value
This is the first study regarding this topic in Canada. Results from this study provide baseline data that may be used to conduct future research.
Lessons learned: intentional implementation of second makerspaces
Authors: Moorefield-Lang Heather 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
What happens when a librarian outgrows their maker learning location or transfers to a new library? The purpose of this study is to explore the planning process for second and/or new library makerspaces. Is the planning more intentional? Is there more focus on how the makerspace should be put together for the community served? Is the community further involved? This study will explore those questions and more.

Design/methodology/approach
Using content analysis, the perspectives of practicing librarians in the achievement of subsequent makerspaces are examined. Data include librarian interviews, an analysis using NVivo 11 through the lens of design thinking, and a final review using member checking by each research participant.

Findings
Makerspaces continue to grow in popularity in school and public/community libraries. What is unexplored is the moving from a first makerspace to the implementation of a second and/or new maker learning location. More intentional planning is involved. The community served by the library is further engaged in the planning. Study results illustrate the value that community insight and intentional planning play in the design and implementation of makerspaces.

Originality/value
Makerspaces in libraries continue to grow in popularity; in turn, the body of peer-reviewed, scholarly publications also continues to grow. Librarians in the field are beginning to move from their first to second makerspaces. This study investigates those perspectives. Much can be gained from the experiences of those who have implemented their second or third makerspace.
Contribution of knowing in practice to dynamic capabilities
Authors: Linden Ane Isabel , Bitencourt Claudia , Muller Neto Hugo Fridolino 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the contribution of knowing in practice (KP) to the development of dynamic capabilities (DC) in the context of health-care organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop a case study in a Brazilian hospital in three stages using the data collection techniques of interviews, focus groups, shadowing and conjoint analysis. The participants were health-care employees, supervisors, project managers and members of the board of directors.

Findings
This paper identifies the contribution of KP to develop DC based on strategic practices and their respective microprocesses as key elements to DC microfoundations. In the end, the paper points out a mutual contribution between the theoretical approaches.

Research limitations/implications
This proposal makes sense in organizations where the practices have a strategic nature, such as hospitals and service providers.

Practical implications
This study suggests an alignment between strategic and operational views, stimulating learning across organizational levels.

Originality/value
KP helps to give DC a tangible form by including a human dimension into microfoundations, giving voice to practitioners in the strategic decisions. The integration of KP and DC approaches allows organizations to perceive DC in daily practices making DC present in every organizational level, stimulating a continuous organizational learning process.
The Modification of In Situ SiOx Chitosan Coatings by ZnO/TiO2 NPs and Its Preservation Properties to Silver Carp Fish Balls
Authors: Wei Xu‐qing , Li Xue‐peng , Wu Chao‐ling , Yi Shu‐min , Zhong Ke‐li , Sun Tong , Li Jian‐rong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe composite chitosan coatings were prepared and characterized to evaluate their preservation properties for silver carp fish balls, and the microstructures and physicochemical properties of the coatings were improved by in situ nano silicon oxide (SiOx) and zinc oxide/titania (ZnO/TiO2) nano‐particles (NPs). In the chitosan coatings, when the chitosan combines with NPs by chemical bonds, the crystal lattice is slightly changed due to the modification of NPs. The chitosan coatings modified by NPs showed few cracks, among which sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) modified ZnO/TiO2/SiOx‐chitosan (ZTS‐CS) coating is proved to be the optimal one. The change of the freshness index and the texture of the fish balls are delayed by the coatings due to their gas permeability and antibacterial properties. The preservation properties of the chitosan coatings for Silver Carp fish balls are improved by in situ SiOx, and further improved by co‐modification of ZnO/TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the surface modification of ZnO/TiO2 NPs enhances the preservation properties of the chitosan coating.Practical ApplicationIn our previous study, in situ SiOx was found to improve antibacterial and preservation properties of chitosan coating, leading to extending shelf time of Sciaenops ocellatus. In order to further improve properties of chitosan coatings, we added nontoxic edible nano materials to the in situ SiOx chitosan coatings. In situ SiOx modified by ZnO/TiO2 NPs were synthesized, measured, and characterized in this study, and were applied for the preservation of silver carp fish balls. It could serve as a potential preservation material due to the increasing mechanical preservation properties. Through the results, the ZnO/TiO2/SiOx‐chitosan (ZTS‐CS) coatings have potential as application in the food industry to guarantee food quality and extend shelf life of products.
Steroid treatment in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatitis B: A 10‐year cohort study in a university hospital in East China
Authors: Huang Chong , Yu Kang Kang , Zheng Jian Ming , Li Ning 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate retrospectively the efficacy of steroids in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) precipitated by hepatitis B.MethodsPatients with ACLF precipitated by hepatitis B were included and categorized according to treatment modalities (steroid vs. control). Survival and clinical characteristics, including patients’ age, baseline ACLF grade, the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, and occurrence of infection were compared between the two groups. Survival analyses of subgroups classified by their age, ACLF grade and MELD score were performed. Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with 60‐day cumulative and transplant‐free mortality.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2016, 293 patients with hepatitis B‐precipitated ACLF were recruited, among whom 162 received at least five consecutive doses of corticosteroids. By day 60 transplant‐free survival was 62.6% in the control group compared with 53.7% in the steroid group (P = 0.126). Steroid treatment failed to show a survival benefit in the survival analysis among the subgroup. Within 60 days, pulmonary and overall infections occurred with higher frequency in the steroid‐treated group than in the controls (P = 0.003 and < 0.001, respectively). In the univariate analysis, age, baseline MELD score >20, CLIF consortium (CLIF‐C) ACLF grade 2‐3, pulmonary infection and overall infection were associated with 60‐day mortality. In the multivariate analysis, older age, baseline MELD score >20 and CLIF‐C ACLF grade 2‐3 were independent risk factors of 60‐day mortality.ConclusionSteroid treatment did not improve transplant‐free survival in patients with ACLF precipitated by hepatitis B.
Attitudes toward defendants with substance‐related charges: An analysis of a national sample of criminal defense attorneys
Authors: Avery Joseph J. , Starck Jordan , Xu Yuanda , Avery Jonathan D. , Cooper Joel 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesWhile a large percentage of criminal offenders suffer from substance use disorders (SUDs), virtually nothing is known about the attitudes criminal defense attorneys possess toward their clients who are facing substance‐related charges. This is a serious concern, as the burden of steering individuals with SUDs into treatment often falls to criminal defense attorneys. The goal of this study was to examine the attitudes of criminal defense attorneys toward individuals who have been accused of drug crimes.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to criminal defense attorneys (N = 1,933) from all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. It was comprised of (i) demographic information and (ii) a version of the 11‐item Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS).ResultsCriminal defense attorneys held generally positive attitudes toward clients with substance‐related charges, but there was a significant divergence in attitudes between private and public attorneys, with the latter showing both greater familiarity with and better attitudes toward this same group of clients. These differences were impactful: worse attitudes toward clients strongly correlated with greater predictions that the clients would reoffend.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceGiven the magnitude of the incarcerated population with SUDs and the centrality of defense attorneys in the treatment process, especially its initiation, the divergence in attitudes between private and public criminal defense attorneys is concerning. There is a clear need for increased collaboration between physicians and attorneys, with an aim of increasing the number of individuals with SUDs receiving proper treatment (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1–7).
Cultures, Open and in Process: An Interview with Ulf Hannerz
Authors: Yelvington Kevin A. , Ramassote Rodrigo Martins 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this interview, Ulf Hannerz reflects on the relationship between the development of his career as an anthropologist and the elaboration of his theoretical positions. He recalls some of his fieldwork experiences and connects those experiences to his emerging conceptual apparatus in his own take on the culture concept, on cosmopolitanism, on creolization and cultural hybridity, on cultural flows and fluxes, on urban globalization and global futures, and on nationalism and transnationalism. He pauses to consider some of the controversies surrounding his earlier work in Washington, DC, and “ghetto culture” as well as his entry into the debates on the creolization concept. Given his interest in the history and politics of anthropology—and where anthropology is headed in the future—Hannerz also locates his own intellectual production and the influences on, and evolution of, his theoretical and ethnographic perspectives in the competing histories of national traditions, making critical comments on the hierarchization of anthropology and the advent of accountability regimes negatively affecting the discipline. [culture, cultural anthropology, creolization, globalization, Ulf Hannerz]
Impact of a physician‐led pre‐hospital critical care team on outcomes after major trauma
Authors: Hepple D. J. , Durrand J. W. , Bouamra O. , Godfrey P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe deployment of physician‐led pre‐hospital enhanced care teams capable of critical care interventions at the scene of injury may confer a survival benefit to victims of major trauma. However, the evidence base for this widely adopted model is disputed. Failure to identify a clear survival benefit has been attributed to several factors, including an inherently more severely injured patient group who are attended by these teams. We undertook a novel retrospective analysis of the impact of a regional enhanced care team on observed vs. predicted patient survival based on outcomes recorded by the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN). The null hypothesis of this study was that attendance of an enhanced care team would make no difference to the number of ‘unexpected survivors’. Patients attended by an enhanced care team were more seriously injured. Analysis of Trauma Audit and Research Network patient outcomes did not demonstrate an improved adjusted survival rate for trauma patients who were treated by a physician‐led enhanced care team, but confirmed differences in patient characteristics and severity of injury for those who were attended by the team. We conclude that a further prospective multicentre analysis is warranted. An essential prerequisite for this would be to address the current blind spot in the Trauma Audit and Research Network database – patients who die from trauma before ever reaching hospital. We speculate that early on‐scene critical care may convert this cohort of invisible trauma deaths into patients who might survive to reach hospital. Routine collection of data from these patients is warranted to include them in future studies.
Linked Matrix Factorization
Authors: O'Connell Michael J. , Lock Eric F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral recent methods address the dimension reduction and decomposition of linked high-content data matrices. Typically, these methods consider one dimension, rows or columns, that is shared among the matrices. This shared dimension may represent common features measured for different sample sets (horizontal integration) or a common sample set with features from different platforms (vertical integration). We introduce an approach for simultaneous horizontal and vertical integration, Linked Matrix Factorization (LMF), for the general case where some matrices share rows (e.g., features) and some share columns (e.g., samples). Our motivating application is a cytotoxicity study with accompanying genomic and molecular chemical attribute data. The toxicity matrix (cell lines chemicals) shares samples with a genotype matrix (cell lines SNPs) and shares features with a molecular attribute matrix (chemicals attributes). LMF gives a unified low-rank factorization of these three matrices, which allows for the decomposition of systematic variation that is shared and systematic variation that is specific to each matrix. This allows for efficient dimension reduction, exploratory visualization, and the imputation of missing data even when entire rows or columns are missing. We present theoretical results concerning the uniqueness, identifiability, and minimal parametrization of LMF, and evaluate it with extensive simulation studies.
Response duration and survival shorten after each relapse in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in the rituximab era
Authors: Rivas‐Delgado Alfredo , Magnano Laura , Moreno‐Velázquez Miriam , García Olga , Nadeu Ferran , Mozas Pablo , Dlouhy Ivan , Baumann Tycho , Rovira Jordina , González‐Farre Blanca , Martínez Antonio , Balague Olga , Delgado Julio , Villamor Neus , Giné Eva , Campo Elías , Sancho‐Cia Juan M. , López‐Guillermo Armando 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFollicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent disease characterized by long survival but frequent relapses. Before the introduction of rituximab, the clinical course of these patients showed a shorter response duration (RD) after each relapse. In this study, we analysed if this pattern of shortened responses remains in patients treated in the rituximab era. We selected 348 patients newly diagnosed with FL in two institutions between 2001 and 2014 that received chemoimmunotherapy. After a median follow‐up of 6·3 years, 10‐year progression‐free and overall survivals were 53% and 72%, respectively. All patients received first‐line, 111 second‐line and 41 third‐line treatments, with a 5‐year RD of 62%, 39% and 24%, respectively (P < 0·0001). Variables predicting longer RD after first‐line treatment were normal β2microglobulin, complete remission achievement and maintenance with rituximab. Patients with longer RD after first‐line showed significantly longer RD after second‐line therapy. Autologous stem‐cell transplantation after second‐line therapy did not significantly impact RD. Median survival after first, second and third therapies was not reached, 7·6 and 4·8 years, respectively, whereas relative survival with respect to a sex‐ and age‐matched Spanish population, the decrease in the life expectancy at 10 years was 17%, 45% and 79%, respectively. Thus, RD still shortens after each relapse in patients with FL treated in first line with rituximab combinations.