bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Post-9/11 Veterans: Prevalence, Measurement Correspondence, and Comorbidity With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Knight Arielle R , Kim Sahra , Currao Alyssa , Lebas Adam , Nowak Madeleine K , Milberg William P , Fortier Catherine B 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among Veterans but overlapping symptoms with other prevalent psychiatric disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) complicate diagnosis. This study aims to (1) assess the prevalence of ADHD, (2) evaluate the correspondence between ADHD self-report measures, and (3) examine the association between ADHD and PTSD in a sample of combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans.

Materials and Methods
A total of 332 combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans from VA Boston Healthcare System completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Rating Scale, 2 ADHD self-report questionnaires (Wender Utah Rating Scale–25 and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1), and report of the presence/absence of a historical ADHD diagnosis. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder status via Wender Utah Rating Scale ([WURS-25] criterion standard) was compared to historical ADHD diagnosis and the ASRSv.1.1 screener. Log-binomial regression models assessed the relationship between ADHD and PTSD. This study was reviewed and approved by the VA Boston Institutional Review Board.

Results
In all, 12.7% of the sample met criteria for ADHD per the WURS-25. The WURS-25 demonstrated poor sensitivity with historical ADHD diagnosis (27.7%) but adequate specificity (90.3%). Poor sensitivity (60.7%) and specificity (60.8%) were observed between the WURS-25 and the ASRS-v.1.1. The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5 times as high for Veterans with a history of PTSD (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.11, 7.28) and over twice as high for those with current PTSD (PR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.38).

Conclusions
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is prevalent in this sample of Veterans and is associated with an increased risk of current and lifetime PTSD. The low correspondence across self-report ADHD measures illustrates the complexity of assessing ADHD in this highly comorbid population. When evaluating ADHD in Veterans, clinicians should carefully consider alternative and contributory symptom etiologies, such as PTSD, to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment.
The diverse star formation histories of early massive, quenched galaxies in modern galaxy formation simulations
Authors: Lagos Claudia del P , Valentino Francesco , Wright Ruby J , de Graaff Anna , Glazebrook Karl , De Lucia Gabriella , Robotham Aaron S G , Nanayakkara Themiya , Chandro-Gomez Angel , Bravo Matías , Baugh Carlton M , Harborne Katherine E , Hirschmann Michaela , Fontanot Fabio , Xie Lizhi , Chittenden Harry 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive study of the star formation histories of massive-quenched galaxies at $z=3$ in three semi-analytical models (Shark, gaea, Galform) and three cosmological hydrodynamical simulations (Eagle, IllustrisTNG, Simba). We study the predicted number density and stellar mass function of massive-quenched galaxies, their formation and quenching time-scales and star formation properties of their progenitors. Predictions are disparate in all these diagnostics, for instance: (i) some simulations reproduce the observed number density of very massive-quenched galaxies ($\gt 10^{11}\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$) but underpredict the high density of intermediate-mass ones, while others fit well the lower masses but underpredict the higher ones; (ii) in most simulations, except for gaea and Eagle, most massive-quenched galaxies had starburst periods, with the most intense ones happening at $4\lt z\lt 5$; however, only in Shark and IllustrisTNG we do find a large number of progenitors with star formation rates $\gt 300\rm \, {\rm M}_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}$; (iii) quenching time-scales are in the range $\approx 20\!-\!150$ Myr depending on the simulation; among other differences. These disparate predictions can be tied to the adopted active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback model. For instance, the explicit black hole (BH) mass dependence to trigger the ‘radio mode’ in IllustrisTNG and Simba makes it difficult to produce quenched galaxies with intermediate stellar masses, also leading to higher baryon collapse efficiencies ($\approx 15\!-\!30$ per cent); while the strong bolometric luminosity dependence of the AGN outflow rate in gaea leads to BHs of modest mass quenching galaxies. Current observations are unable to distinguish between these different predictions due to the small sample sizes. However, these predictions are testable with current facilities and upcoming observations, allowing a ‘true physics experiment’ to be carried out.
Unveiling AGN outflows: [O iii] outflow detection rates and correlation with low-frequency radio emission
Authors: Escott Emmy L , Morabito Leah K , Scholtz Jan , Hickox Ryan C , Harrison Chris M , Alexander David M , Arnaudova Marina I , Smith Daniel J B , Duncan Kenneth J , Petley James , Kondapally Rohit , Calistro Rivera Gabriela , Kolwa Sthabile 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Some active galactic nuclei (AGN) host outflows which have the potential to alter the host galaxy’s evolution (AGN feedback). These outflows have been linked to enhanced radio emission. Here, we investigate the connection between low-frequency radio emission using the international LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) telescope and [O iii] $\lambda$5007 ionized gas outflows using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Deep Fields, we select 198 AGN with optical spectra, 115 of which are detected at 144 MHz, and investigate their low-frequency radio emission properties. The majority of our sample do not show a radio excess when considering radio luminosity – star formation rate relationship, and are therefore not driven by powerful jets. We extract the [O iii] $\lambda$5007 kinematics and remove AGN luminosity dependencies by matching the radio detected and non-detected AGN in $L_{\mathrm{6\, \mu m}}$ and redshift. Using both spectral fitting and $W_{80}$ measurements, we find radio detected AGN have a higher outflow rate (67.2 $\pm$ 3.4 per cent) than the radio non-detected AGN (44.6 $\pm$ 2.7 per cent), indicating a connection between ionized outflows and the presence of radio emission. For spectra where there are two components of the [O iii] emission line present, we normalize all spectra by the narrow component and find that the average broad component in radio detected AGN is enhanced compared to the radio non-detected AGN. This could be a sign of higher gas content, which is suggestive of a spatial relationship between [O iii] outflows and radio emission in the form of either low-powered jets or shocks from AGN winds.
Star cluster formation from turbulent clumps – IV. Protoplanetary disc evolution
Authors: Gautam Aayush , Farias Juan P , Tan Jonathan C 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Most stars are born in the crowded environments of gradually forming star clusters. Dynamical interactions between close-passing stars and the evolving ultraviolet radiation fields from proximate massive stars are expected to sculpt the protoplanetary discs (PPDs) in these clusters, potentially contributing to the diversity of planetary systems that we observe. Here, we investigate the impact of cluster environment on disc demographics by implementing simple PPD evolution models within N-body simulations of gradual star cluster formation, containing 50 per cent primordial binaries. We consider a range of star formation efficiency per free-fall time, $\epsilon _{\rm ff}$, and mass surface density of the natal cloud environment, $\Sigma _{\rm cloud}$, both of which affect the overall duration of cluster formation. We track the interaction history of all stars to estimate the dynamical truncation of the discs around stars involved in close encounters. We also track external photoevaporation of the discs due to the ionizing radiation field of the nearby high- and intermediate-mass ($\gt 5\,{\rm M}_\odot$) stars. We find that $\epsilon _{\rm ff}$, $\Sigma _{\rm cloud}$, and the presence of primordial binaries have major influences on the masses and radii of the disc population. In particular, external photoevaporation has a greater impact than dynamical interactions in determining the fate of discs in our clusters.
Limits on dark matter compact objects implied by supermagnified stars in lensing clusters
Authors: Müller Claudi Vall , Miralda-Escudé Jordi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Supermagnified stars are gravitationally lensed individual stars that are located close to a caustic of a lensing galaxy cluster, and have their flux magnified by a large enough factor (typically ${\sim} 1000$) to make them detectable with present telescopes. The maximum magnification is limited by microlensing caused by intracluster stars or other compact objects, which create a network of corrugated critical lines with an angular width proportional to the surface density of microlenses. We consider a set of nine cases of supermagnified stars reported in the literature, and derive an upper limit on the surface density of compact objects, such as primordial black holes, that might be present as a fraction of the dark matter in addition to known intracluster stars. Any such additional compact objects would widen the corrugated critical line network and therefore the width of the distribution of supermagnified stars around the modelled critical lines of the lens. We find that any compact objects, including primordial black holes, with masses above ${\sim} 10^{-6} \, {\rm M}_\odot$ (below which the microcaustics are closer together than the typical angular size of supermagnified stars) cannot account for more than ${\sim} 2$ per cent of the dark matter.
Elevated Rates of Molecular Evolution Genome-wide in Mutualist Legumes and Rhizobia
Authors: Harrison Tia L , Stinchcombe John R , Frederickson Megan E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rates of molecular evolution vary greatly among even closely related species. Although theory predicts that antagonistic interactions between species increase rates of molecular evolution, predictions for how mutualism affects evolutionary rates are mixed. We compared rates of molecular evolution between (i) mutualistic and non-mutualistic legumes, (ii) an independent set of symbiotic rhizobia and their non-symbiotic close relatives, and (iii) symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades within Ensifer, a diverse genus of bacteria with various lifestyles. We assembled transcriptomes de novo for 12 legume species and calculated dN/dS ratios at orthologous genes in all species to determine if genes in mutualistic plants evolve faster or slower than in their non-mutualistic relatives. We also calculated dN/dS ratios in genes known to be important for symbiosis. We found that mutualists have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide compared to non-mutualistic legumes, but this pattern did not hold in symbiosis genes. We next calculated dN/dS ratios in 14 bacteria species across the proteobacteria phylogeny that differ in whether they associate mutualistically with plants, using published data. In most pairs, symbiotic rhizobia show higher dN/dS values compared to their non-symbiotic relatives. Within a bacterial genus with many well-characterized mutualist species (Ensifer), we calculated dN/dS ratios in symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades and found that symbiotic lineages have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, but not at genes on the symbiotic plasmid pSymB. Our results suggest that although mutualism between legumes and rhizobia is associated with elevated rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, symbiosis genes may be evolutionarily stagnant.
The retinoic acid family-like nuclear receptor SmRAR identified by single-cell transcriptomics of ovarian cells controls oocyte differentiation in Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Moescheid Max F , Lu Zhigang , Soria Carmen Diaz , Quack Thomas , Puckelwaldt Oliver , Holroyd Nancy , Holzaepfel Pauline , Haeberlein Simone , Rinaldi Gabriel , Berriman Matthew , Grevelding Christoph G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Studies on transcription regulation in platyhelminth development are scarce, especially for parasitic flatworms. Here, we employed single-cell transcriptomics to identify genes involved in reproductive development in the trematode model Schistosoma mansoni. This parasite causes schistosomiasis, a major neglected infectious disease affecting &gt;240 million people worldwide. The pathology of schistosomiasis is closely associated with schistosome eggs deposited in host organs including the liver. Unlike other trematodes, schistosomes exhibit distinct sexes, with egg production reliant on the pairing-dependent maturation of female reproductive organs. Despite this significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying ovary development and oocyte differentiation remain largely unexplored. Utilizing an organ isolation approach for S. mansoni, we extracted ovaries of paired females followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with disassociated oocytes. A total of 1967 oocytes expressing 7872 genes passed quality control (QC) filtering. Unsupervised clustering revealed four distinct cell clusters: somatic, germ cells and progeny, intermediate and late germ cells. Among distinct marker genes for each cluster, we identified a hitherto uncharacterized transcription factor of the retinoic acid receptor family, SmRAR. Functional analyses of SmRAR and associated genes like Smmeiob (meiosis-specific, oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding motif (OB) domain-containing) demonstrated their pairing-dependent and ovary-preferential expression and their decisive roles in oocyte differentiation of S. mansoni.
Comparative molecular dynamics calculations of duplexation of chemically modified analogs of DNA used for antisense applications
Authors: Galindo-Murillo Rodrigo , Cohen Jack S , Akabayov Barak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We have subjected several analogs of DNA that have been widely used as antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitors of gene expression to comparative molecular dynamics (MD) calculations of their ability to form duplexes with DNA and RNA. The analogs included in this study are the phosphorothioate (PS), peptide nucleic acid (PNA), locked nucleic acid (LNA), morpholino nucleic acid (PMO), the 2′-OMe, 2′-F, 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) and the constrained cET analogs, as well as the natural phosphodiester (PO) as control, for a total of nine structures, in both XNA–DNA and XNA–RNA duplexes. This is intended as an objective criterion for their relative ability to duplex with an RNA complement and their comparative potential for antisense applications. We have found that the constrained furanose ring analogs show increased stability when considering this study’s structural and energetic parameters. The 2′-MOE modification, even though energetically stable, has an elevated dynamic range and breathing properties due to the bulkier moiety in the C2′ position of the furanose. The smaller modifications in the C2′ position, 2′-F, 2′-OMe and PS also form stable and energetically favored duplexes with both DNA and RNA. The morpholino moiety allows for increased tolerance in accommodating either DNA or RNA and the PNA, with the PNA being the most energetically stable, although with a preference for the B-form DNA. In summary, we can rank the overall preference of hybrid strand formations as PNA &gt; cET/LNA &gt; PS/2′-F/2′-OMe &gt; morpholino &gt; 2′-MOE for the efficacy of duplex formation.
Gigantic-oxidative atomic-layer-by-layer epitaxy for artificially designed complex oxides
Authors: Zhou Guangdi , Huang Haoliang , Wang Fengzhe , Wang Heng , Yang Qishuo , Nie Zihao , Lv Wei , Ding Cui , Li Yueying , Lin Jiayi , Yue Changming , Li Danfeng , Sun Yujie , Lin Junhao , Zhang Guang-Ming , Xue Qi-Kun , Chen Zhuoyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In designing material functionalities for transition metal oxides, lattice structure and d-orbital occupancy are key determinants. However, the modulation of these two factors is inherently limited by the need to balance thermodynamic stability, growth kinetics, and stoichiometry precision, particularly for metastable phases. We introduce a methodology, namely the gigantic-oxidative atomic-layer-by-layer epitaxy (GOALL-Epitaxy), enhancing oxidation power 3-4 orders of magnitude beyond conventional pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and oxide molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE), while ensuring atomic-layer-by-layer growth of designed complex structures. Thermodynamic stability is markedly augmented with stronger oxidation at elevated temperatures, whereas growth kinetics is sustained by laser ablation at lower temperatures. We demonstrate the accurate growth of complex nickelates and cuprates, especially an artificially designed structure with alternating single and double NiO2 layers possessing distinct nominal d-orbital occupancy, as a parent of high-temperature superconductor. The GOALL-Epitaxy enables material discovery within the vastly broadened growth parameter space.
E-cigarette Quit Attempts in Emerging Adults: Motivations for Attempts and Predictors of Cessation Barriers
Authors: Holt Laura J , Petrey Anna M , Bravo Adrian J , Folivi Folly ,   Stimulant Norms and Prevalence (SNAP) Study Team, Bravo Adrian J , Mary William , Conner Bradley T , Holt Laura J , Looby Alison , Prince Mark A , Schepis Ty S , Yeung Ellen W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Although young adults use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other demographic group, most are interested in cessation; however, little is known about their cessation experiences. The present study examined characteristics associated with quit attempts, reasons for quitting and resources utilized, and psychological symptoms (ie, depression, anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) associated with cessation barriers.

Methods
College-attending adults from six US institutions who endorsed lifetime ENDS use (N = 2007; 75% female) completed a 1-hour online survey between Fall 2022 and Spring 2023.

Results
More than half of participants (53%) made a cessation attempt; of those participants, more than half (53%) made multiple attempts. Male sex; college region; earlier ENDS initiation; higher ENDS dependence; disposable or pod device use; and past 30-day combustible use were associated with cessation attempts. Health concerns motivated many quit attempts (44%), although participants identified a range of reasons that converged with prior research. Unassisted cessation methods were most common (eg, cold turkey [68%], willpower [53%]). Although utilized far less often, replacing vaping with another activity, support from family/friends, nicotine replacement, and prescription cessation medications were perceived to be helpful. Anxiety sensitivity and ADHD symptoms were associated with more barriers to cessation, particularly with affect management and withdrawal.

Conclusions
ENDS quit attempts are common among young adults, particularly males and those with higher dependence, but largely are unassisted. Encouraging the use of multiple interventions and tailoring interventions to those with psychological vulnerabilities are critical next steps to improving young adults’ success with ENDS cessation.

Implications
Young adults are motivated to quit ENDS for a wide range of intra- and interpersonal reasons. However, their limited uptake of ENDS cessation resources suggests an opportunity to better publicize and increase access to these resources, particularly to digital resources, nicotine replacement therapy, and prescription cessation medications. To be maximally effective, cessation interventions should be multipronged and address the unique challenges faced by individuals with greater anxiety sensitivity and ADHD symptoms, prominent issues in this developmental stage.
Fostering inclusion in medical training: accommodations for hearing loss
Authors: Belingheri M , Riva M A , Brambilla S , Paladino M E 
Published: November 2024

Summary
This article explores two case reports of healthcare students with hearing impairments in an Italian university and the accommodations provided during their clinical training. The first student, with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, used the Contec Visual Electronic Stethoscope CMS-VE, which amplifies the sound up to 32 times and supports earphones while wearing hearing aids. The second student, with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and cochlear implants, utilized the Littmann CORE Digital Stethoscope, which amplifies the sound up to 40 times and transmits it via Bluetooth. Both students successfully acquired essential clinical skills, demonstrating that tailored technological accommodations can significantly enhance learning outcomes. This article underscores the critical role of early disability detection and the implementation of support strategies by occupational health physicians. These case reports highlight the importance of innovative solutions in promoting inclusion and ensuring equal opportunities in medical education and future workplaces.
Transcription factors PuNAC37/PuWRKY74 and E3 ubiquitin ligase PuRDUF2 inhibit volatile ester synthesis in ‘Nanguo’ pear
Authors: Zang Nannan , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Zhuoran , Liu Weiting , Qi Liyong , Yang Yueming , Sun Qitian , Yin Zepeng , Wang Aide 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As major contributors to flavor in many fruit species, volatile esters are useful for investigating the regulation of the biosynthesis pathways of volatile aroma compounds in plants. Ethylene promotes the biosynthesis of volatile esters during fruit storage while accelerating fruit ripening; thus, the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is employed to prolong the shelf life of fruits. However, the mechanisms by which 1-MCP regulates volatiles synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the pathway of 1-MCP-mediated volatile ester synthesis in ‘Nanguo’ pear (Pyrus ussuriensis). 1-MCP significantly decreased volatile ester synthesis during storage. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the genes encoding two transcription factors (PuNAC37 and PuWRKY74) and a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that have a domain of unknown function (PuRDUF2) were expressed at high levels, whereas ALCOHOL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 (PuAAT1), encoding an enzyme responsible for volatile ester synthesis, was expressed at low levels in 1-MCP-treated fruit. Moreover, PuNAC37 inhibited the expression of PuWRKY74 via transcriptional regulation, whereas PuNAC37 and PuWRKY74, after directly binding to the promoter of PuAAT1, synergistically inhibited its expression in 1-MCP-treated fruit. In addition, in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination experiments revealed that PuRDUF2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates PuAAT1, causing its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway following 1-MCP treatment. Subsequent PuAAT1 degradation resulted in a reduction of volatile esters during fruit storage. Our findings provide insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of volatile ester formation in ‘Nanguo’ pears and contribute to future research on AAT protein ubiquitination in other species.