bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Self‐Assembly of 1D Branched Organic Homostructures with Optical Logic Gate Function
Authors: Tao Yi‐Chen , Peng Sheng , Wang Xue‐Dong , Li Zhi‐Zhou , Zhang Xue‐Jin , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegrated microstructures composed of organic micro/nanocrystals have gained impressive interest recently as probable candidate for constructing optoelectronic circuits. However, the fabrication of these designed composite structures remains a huge challenge. Herein, the sequentially self‐assembled branched homostructures based on 1D single‐crystalline organic microrods of 1,4‐bis((E)‐4‐iodostyryl)‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene through the facile solution‐processing approach are demonstrated. The growth mechanism of these dendritic microcrystals with an angle of 75° between trunk and branch is attributed to the facet‐selective growth principle between the (020) and (110) crystal planes, for which the interplanar spacing mismatch rate is as low as 6.1%. More significantly, this branched microstructure exhibits an asymmetric optical waveguide and can function as an optical logic gate with an ON/OFF ratio of 10.5. Therefore, the approach to build this organized multilevel structure could provide further applications as building blocks in integrated optoelectronic circuits.
A Core–Shell Nanoplatform for Synergistic Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumor via Cascaded Strategy
Authors: Wang Lei , Niu Mengya , Zheng Cuixia , Zhao Hongjuan , Niu Xiuxiu , Li Li , Hu Yujie , Zhang Yingjie , Shi Jinjin , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) always causes tumor hypoxia aggravation which can induce malignant cell proliferation and drug resistance. To overcome these disadvantages, a cascaded drug delivery system (Lipo/HMME/ACF@MnO2‐AS1411) is constructed for synergistic enhanced sonodynamic therapy. First, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and acriflavine (ACF) are encapsulated in the lipid layers and the inner aqueous cores of the liposomes, respectively. Then the ultrathin manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets are coated on the surface of the liposomes by using KMnO4 and polyethylene glycol through “one step reduction and modification” method. Furthermore, the nanoparticles are decorated with tumor‐targeting AS1411 aptamer through the phosphate groups on the DNA strand which can bind to Mn sites to obtain Lipo/HMME/ACF@MnO2‐AS1411 delivery system. Herein, HMME can act as a sonosensitizer, and ACF is used to prevent the formation of HIF‐1α/HIF‐1β dimerization to overcome the negative effects after SDT. The Lipo/HMME/ACF@MnO2‐AS1411 delivery system has multiple functions, including codelivery of HMME and ACF, pH/glutathione/ultrasound triple responses, synergistic cascaded enhancement of SDT, precise tumor‐targeting, and magnetic resonance imaging. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the Lipo/HMME/ACF@MnO2‐AS1411 delivery system is a promising core–shell nanoplatform for synergistic enhancement of sonodynamic therapy, which can provide a new approach in the related research fields.
Interface Engineering for Garnet‐Based Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries: Materials, Structures, and Characterization
Authors: Dai Jiaqi , Yang Chunpeng , Wang Chengwei , Pastel Glenn , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLithium‐metal batteries are considered one of the most promising energy‐storage systems owing to their high energy density, but their practical applications have long been hindered by significant safety concerns and poor cycle stability. Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are expected to improve not only the safety but also the energy density of Li‐metal batteries. The key challenge for solid‐state Li‐metal batteries lies in the low ionic conductivity of the SSEs and moreover the interface contact between the electrode and SSE. To achieve feasible solid‐state Li‐metal batteries, it is imperative that the ionic conductivity is improved, especially at the electrode–SSE interface. Herein, recent advances in interface engineering for solid‐state Li‐metal batteries are reported, mainly focusing on garnet‐type SSEs. Various materials to modify the cathode–garnet and Li–garnet interfaces by intermediate layers, alloys, and polymer electrolytes are analyzed. Structural innovations for SSEs including composite electrolytes and multilayer SSE frameworks are reviewed, along with advanced characterization approaches to probe the interfaces, which will provide further insights for garnet‐based solid‐state batteries. Future challenges and the great promise of garnet‐based Li‐metal batteries are discussed to close.
Sequential Templating Approach: A Groundbreaking Strategy to Create Hollow Multishelled Structures
Authors: Mao Dan , Wan Jiawei , Wang Jiangyan , Wang Dan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThanks to their distinguished properties such as optimized specific surface area, low density, high loading capacity, and sequential matter transfer and storage, hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) have attracted great interest from scientists in broad fields, including catalysis, drug delivery, solar cells, supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, electromagnetic wave absorption, and sensors. However, traditional synthesis methods such as soft‐templating and hierarchical self‐assembly methods can hardly realize the controllable synthesis of HoMSs, thus limiting their development and application. Here, the development process of HoMSs is first succinctly reviewed and the shortcomings of the traditional synthesis method are concluded. Subsequently, the sequential templating approach, which shows great generality for the synthesis of HoMSs with controllable composition and geometry configuration and exhibits remarkable effect on the scientific research field, is introduced. The basic material science and chemical reaction mechanism involved in the synthesis and manipulation of HoMSs using the sequential templating approach are then explained in detail. In addition, the effect of the geometric characteristics of HoMSs on their application properties is highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions of HoMSs are also suggested.
Designed Nanoarchitectures by Electrostatic Spray Deposition for Energy Storage
Authors: Zhu Changbao , Fu Yanpeng , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of advanced electrode materials for various energy‐storage systems, especially the fabrication of designed structures and morphologies of electrode materials, has attracted intense interest in both the academic and industrial fields. Among the various synthesis methods, electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) is a simple but versatile approach, by which materials can be fabricated with various morphologies, such as granular, dense, and porous, in an easily controllable manner. Herein, motivated by the rapid advancements of the given technology, a comprehensive introduction of ESD is provided, with emphasis on the kinds of materials and the types of morphology that can be obtained, along with the important control parameters. The progress on electrode materials, which are applied in a great variety of energy‐storage systems, such as Li‐ion batteries, Na‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, Li–S batteries, and Li–O2 batteries, prepared by ESD is also summarized. How the specific morphologies designed by ESD improve the electrochemical performance for different types of electrode materials is also discussed. The aim is to promote the collaborative efforts among different communities to optimize and develop the ESD technique and to explore advanced electrode materials for energy storage.
Programmable Multicomponent Self‐Assembly Based on Aromatic Amino Acids
Authors: Xing Pengyao , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Wei Xuan , Zhao Yanli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConstruction of integrated self‐assembly with ordered structures from two or more organic building blocks is currently a challenge, since it suffers from intrinsic systematic complexity and diverse competitive pathways. Here, it is reported that aromatic amino acid building units can be incorporated into two‐ or three‐component coassembly driven primarily by hydrogen bonding interactions without the assistance of metal–ligand and macrocycle‐based host–guest interactions. The key strategy is to employ a C3‐symmetric molecule with alternative hydrogen bonding donor/acceptor sites that are able to bind either carboxylic acid or pyridine appended building units. Aromatic amino acids, C3‐symmetric compound, and bipyridine unit constitute a unique ternary mutual binding system, where three coassembly pathways including two pairwise formations and one ternary combination are unveiled, giving rise to two‐ and three‐component self‐assemblies with ordered structures, respectively. The pathway complexity lies in the structural parameter of aromatic amino acids, which can be programmable by controlling substituents at the α‐position of amino acids.
CNT Interwoven Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Free‐Standing Electrodes for High‐Performance Na‐Se and K‐Se Flexible Batteries
Authors: Yao Yu , Chen Minglong , Xu Rui , Zeng Sifan , Yang Hai , Ye Shufen , Liu Fanfan , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNa‐Se and K‐Se batteries are attractive as a stationary energy storage system because of much abundant resources of Na and K in the Earth's crust. As the alloy‐type Se has a severe pulverization issue, one critical challenge to develop advanced Na‐Se and K‐Se batteries is to explore a highly efficient and stable Se‐based cathode. Herein, a flexible free‐standing Se/carbon composite film is prepared by encapsulation of Se into a carbon nanotube (CNT) interwoven N,O dual‐doped porous carbon nanosheet (Se@NOPC‐CNT). The 3D interconnected CNT uniformly wrapped on the N,O dual‐doped porous carbon skeletons improves the flexibility and offers an interconnected conductive pathway for rapid ionic/electronic transport. In addition, the N,O dual‐doping significantly enhances the chemical affinity and adhesion between NaxSe/KxSe (0 < x ≤ 2) and porous carbon, which is confirmed by density functional theory calculation. When used as the cathode in Na‐Se batteries, the Se@NOPC‐CNT delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 400 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles with a 0.008% capacity decay per cycle. For K‐Se batteries, it also exhibits an excellent cycling stability (335 mA h g−1 after 700 cycles at 0.8 A g−1). This unique design may open an avenue for practical application of flexible Na‐Se and K‐Se batteries.
Electrically and Thermally Tunable Smooth Silicon Metasurfaces for Broadband Terahertz Antireflection
Authors: Ding Lu , Luo Xianshu , Cheng Liang , Thway Maung , Song Junfeng , Chua Soo Jin , Chia Elbert E. M. , Teng Jinghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearches in metamaterials and metasurfaces have significant impact on development of terahertz optics and progression of terahertz science and technologies. Further advancement of terahertz systems demands efficient and versatile tunable and reconfigurable metadevices for manipulating various properties of terahertz radiation. Here an electrically and thermally tunable silicon metasurface for broadband terahertz antireflection application is demonstrated. The silicon metasurface is composed by interdigitated p–n junctions fabricated using a completely complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process in a silicon photonics foundry. It is atomically smooth without any physically etched pattern nor metal antennas. By supplying bias voltage to the p–n junctions, the complex reflection coefficient of the silicon metasurface is continuously tuned between negative and positive values. Complete antireflection condition can be precisely achieved, represented by the vanishing of the echo pulse in terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS). The transmission amplitude is bias‐polarity dependent, while the phase is simultaneously manipulated. The active silicon metasurface has a unique property that it thermally tunes the reflection and electrically tunes transmission. The methodology suggests a new design concept using all‐silicon platform for making atomically smooth and electrically controlled metadevices in terahertz and other frequency ranges.
Community phylogeny of the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem
Authors: Trotta Lauren B. , Baiser Benjamin , Possley Jennifer , Li Daijiang , Lange James , Martin Sarah , Sessa Emily B. 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyCommunity phylogenetic methods incorporate information on evolutionary relationships into studies of organismal assemblages. We used a community phylogenetic framework to investigate relationships and biogeographic affinities and to calculate phylogenetic signal of endemism and invasiveness for the flora of the pine rocklands—a globally critically imperiled ecosystem with a significant portion of its distribution in South Florida, United States.MethodsWe reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 538 vascular plant taxa, which represent 92.28% of the vascular flora of the pine rocklands. We estimated phylogenetic signal for endemism and invasiveness using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. We determined the native range for each species in the data set and calculated the total number of species sourced from each region and all possible combinations of these regions.Key ResultsThe pine rockland flora includes representatives of all major vascular plant lineages, and most species have native ranges in the New World. There was strong phylogenetic signal for endemism, but not for invasiveness.ConclusionsCommunity phylogenetics has high potential value for conservation planning, particularly for fragmented and endangered ecosystems like the pine rockland. Strong phylogenetic signal for endemic species in our data set, which also tend to be threatened or endangered, can help to identify species at risk, as well as fragments where those species occur, highlighting conservation priorities. Our results indicate, at least in the pine rockland ecosystem, no phylogenetic signal for invasive species, and thus other information must be used to predict the potential for invasiveness.
Countering infanticide: Chimpanzee mothers are sensitive to the relative risks posed by males on differing rank trajectories
Authors: Lowe Adriana E. , Hobaiter Catherine , Newton‐Fisher Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesInfanticide by males is common in mammals. According to the sexual selection hypothesis, the risk is inversely related to infant age because the older the infant, the less infanticide can shorten lactational amenorrhea; risk is also predicted to increase when an infanticidal male's chance of siring the replacement infant is high. Infanticide occurs in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), a species in which male dominance rank predicts paternity skew. Infanticidal male chimpanzees (if low‐ranking) are unlikely to kill their own offspring, whereas those who are currently rising in rank, particularly when this rise is dramatic, have an increased likelihood of fathering potential future infants relative to any existing ones. Given that mothers should behave in ways that reduce infanticide risk, we predicted that female chimpanzees, and specifically those with younger, more vulnerable infants, would attempt to adjust the exposure of their infants to potentially infanticidal males. Specifically, mothers of young infants should reduce their association with adult males in general, and to a greater extent, with both low‐ranking males and those rising in rank from a position where paternity of current infants was unlikely, to a rank where the probability of siring the next infant is significantly higher. We also investigated the alternative possibility that rather than avoiding all adult males, mothers would increase association with males of stable high rank on the basis that such males could offer protection against infanticide.Materials and methodsWe examined data on female association patterns collected from the Budongo Forest, Uganda, during a period encompassing both relative stability in the male hierarchy and a period of instability with a mid‐ranking male rising rapidly in rank.ResultsUsing linear mixed models, we found that mothers reduced their association with the rank‐rising male, contingent on infant age, during the period of instability. We also found evidence that females preferentially associated with a potential protector male during the high‐risk period.DiscussionOur results support the sexually selected hypothesis for infanticide and demonstrate that female chimpanzees are sensitive to the relative risks posed by adult males.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Defluorinative α‐Arylation of Secondary Amides
Authors: Jang Young Jin , Rose Daniel , Mirabi Bijan , Lautens Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe exploited the reactivity of an electronically biased Michael acceptor to perform a defluorinative α‐arylation reaction using a chiral diene(L*)‐rhodium catalyst. Through this methodology, we are able to obtain various secondary amides, containing a tertiary α‐stereocenter and a β,γ‐unsaturated gem‐difluoro olefin, with excellent enantioselectivities. This methodology addresses the limitations of the previously described α‐arylation methods to construct stereo‐labile tertiary α‐stereocenters. Further investigation of the reaction via in situ 19F NMR monitoring suggests that the formation of the product leads to the inhibition of the active rhodium catalyst.
Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Myoglobin‐Mediated Carbene Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Chandgude Ajay L. , Fasan Rudi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA chemobiocatalytic strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of nitrile‐substituted cyclopropanes is reported. The present approach relies on an asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation reaction catalyzed by an engineered myoglobin in the presence of ex situ generated diazoacetonitrile within a compartmentalized reaction system. This method enabled the efficient transformation of a broad range of olefin substrates at a preparative scale with up to 99.9 % de and ee and up to 5600 turnovers. The enzymatic product could be further elaborated to afford a variety of functionalized chiral cyclopropanes. This work expands the range of synthetically valuable, abiotic transformations accessible through biocatalysis and paves the way to the practical and safe exploitation of diazoacetonitrile in biocatalytic carbene transfer reactions.
Half sandwich based rhodamine ‐ hydrazone single molecule probe: Light responsive, metal sensing and imaging properties
Authors: Dewangan S. , Barik T. , Mishra S. , Mawatwal S. , Kumari S. , Giri S. , Das S. , Dhiman R. , Wölper C. , Chatterjee S. 
Published: October 2018

Functionalization of cymantrenyl hydrazone system with rhodamine based fluorescent tag led to the formation of a significant molecule containing both, a half sandwich and a rhodamine fragments, [(CO)3Mn{(η5‐C5H4) C (CH3)═NNC (O)‐R}] (R = Rhodamine‐6G (1), Rhodamine B (2)), with selective metal ion sensing, light responsive and molecular switching behavior. The molecule (1) was structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. We have also explored Hg2+ recognition and photo ‐ sensing properties of compound 1 within a bacterial strain and THP‐1 cancer cell lines to understand their potential in applications related to bioimaging, uptake and bioremediation activities. The study showed some significant intracellular metal recognition and imaging characteristics at different metal concentration.
A new potassium‐based coordination polymer with hydrogen bonding and zigzag metallophilic interactions
Authors: Moghadam Zarin , Akhbari Kamran , White Jonathan , Phuruangrat Anukorn 
Published: October 2018

A new potassium‐based coordination polymer [K (μ7‐HTar)]n (1), (H2Tar = (+)‐tartaric acid), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. It has a three‐dimensional structure with zigzag K···K metallophilic interactions. Also widespread hydrogen bonding network in three‐dimensional structure of 1 was observed. In order to evaluation the effects of concentration, ultrasonic irradiation and type of the solvents on morphology and thermal behavior of 1, some experiments were designed and six samples of 1 were synthesized under different conditions. These samples were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG‐DTA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
How does FDAC Succeed with Parents with Substance Misuse Problems? Exploring Relational Practices within the English Family Drug and Alcohol Court
Authors: Harwin Judith , Ryan Mary , Broadhurst Karen 
Published: October 2018

Parental substance misuse is a significant risk factor for child maltreatment and is frequently involved in care proceedings. Outcomes are often poor and family reunification is prone to breakdown. In this article, the contribution of the English Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) is examined. Adapted from the US family drug treatment court model, FDAC offers a radically different approach to ordinary care proceedings by treating parents as well as adjudicating. The article draws on a mixed‐methods evaluation of FDAC which reports better recovery and reunification rates than ordinary court. It presents findings from interviews with 42 parents and 154 court observations of 89 cases, focusing on FDAC's relational practices. The article concludes that these relational practices offer hope to substance‐misusing parents and that the approach merits wider attention because of its therapeutic potential and distinctive approach to justice.‘The contribution of the English Family Drug and Alcohol Court (FDAC) is examined’Key Practitioner Messages

FDAC is a helpful approach to care proceedings for substance‐misusing parents.
Parents value clear, consistent and honest messages about their progress when delivered in the context of trusted relationships and intensive support.
Parents need holistic help that takes into account damaging early‐life experiences.
‘Parents need holistic help that takes into account damaging early‐life experiences’