bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Platinum(II)‐Cage‐Based Light‐Harvesting System for Photocatalytic Cross‐Coupling Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Zeyuan , Zhao Zhengqing , Hou Yali , Wang Heng , Li Xiaopeng , He Gang , Zhang Mingming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotosynthesis is a process wherein the chromophores in plants and bacteria absorb light and convert it into chemical energy. To mimic this process, an emissive poly(ethylene glycol)‐decorated tetragonal prismatic platinum(II) cage was prepared and used as the donor molecule to construct a light‐harvesting system in water. Eosin Y was chosen as the acceptor because of its good spectral overlap with that of the metallacage, which is essential for the preparation of light‐harvesting systems. Such a combination showed enhanced catalytic activity in catalyzing the cross‐coupling hydrogen evolution reaction, as compared with eosin Y alone. This study offers a pathway for using the output energy from the light‐harvesting system to mimic the whole photosynthetic process.
Poly(arylenevinylene)s through Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of an Unsymmetrical Donor‐Acceptor Cyclophane
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , Gregor Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReported are well‐defined donor‐acceptor alternating copolymers prepared using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Unsymmetrical cyclophanedienes comprising electron‐donating (4‐methoxy‐1‐(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)benzene (MEH) and electron‐accepting benzothiadiazole (BT) rings were synthesized from the corresponding [3.3]dithiaparacyclophanes. ROMP of the strained unsymmetrical and “electronically‐ambiguous” cyclophanedienes proceeded in a controlled manner in the presence of either Hoveyda–Grubbs II or Grubbs II initiator in wake of both steric and electronic encumbrance. The resulting polymers, comprising alternating BT and MEH‐PPV units, are achieved in molecular weights exceeding 20k with Đ values ranging from 1.1–1.4. The living nature of the polymerization is verified through the formation of rod‐coil and rod‐rod block copolymers. Our strategy to develop previously unrealized polymers from functional building blocks featuring a locked‐in D‐A unit is significant in a field striving to achieve well‐defined and sequence‐specific materials.
Boosting the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 through nitrogen‐doped carbon coating
Authors: Lu Guixia , Liu Jiurong , Huang Weibo , Wang Xinzhen , Wang Fenglong 
Published: May 2019

The poor electronic conductivity restricts the wide applications of Li4Ti5O12 as anode materials in Li‐ion batteries. We report a facile approach to fabricate nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated Li4Ti5O12 through carbonizing pyrrole and pyridine at different temperatures. Comparative experiments demonstrated that the carbon content plays a key role in governing the cycling performance and rate capability of Li4Ti5O12. The composites with higher carbon content exhibited superior cycling performance, and the composite prepared at 600 °C using pyridine as the carbon source gave the best cycling and rate performance.
An Efficient Strategy for the Production of Epoxidized Oils: Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Enzymatic Epoxidation
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Ma Yunjian , Tan Chin Ping , Hollmann Frank , Wang Jianrong , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPoor H2O2‐resistance by enzymes is a key bottleneck in the epoxidation process of oil by enzymatic methods. In this study, the stability of three lipases, from Aspergillus oryzae lipase (AOL), Aspergillus fumigatus lipase B (AflB), and marine Janibacter (MAJ1), in the presence of H2O2 was evaluated in different types of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). This stability was strengthened significantly in the NADES compared to the buffer. Specifically, AOL retained 84.7% of its initial activity in the presence of choline chloride/sorbitol (1:1 M ratio) and 3 mol L−1 H2O2 after 24 h incubation at 40°C. In addition, the two‐phase epoxidation process was optimized with AOL in ChCl/sorbitol to reach up to 96.8% conversion under the optimized conditions (molar ratio of octanoic acid/H2O2/C=C‐bonds = 0.3:1.5:1, enzyme loading of 15 U g−1 of soybean oil, ChCl/sorbitol content of 70.0% of the weight of hydrophilic phase, and reaction temperature of 50°C). Moreover, the lipase dispersed in NADES retained approximately 66% of its initial activity after being used for seven batch cycles. Overall, NADES‐based enzymatic epoxidation is a feasible and promising strategy for the synthesis of epoxidized oils.
Cellulose‐based formaldehyde adsorbents with large capacities: Efficient use of polyethylenimine for graphene oxide stabilization in alkaline–urea system
Authors: Yin Yihui , Wang Zhenxing , Wang Sijie , Pu Junwen 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA cellulose‐based polyethylenimine modified graphene oxide (PEI‐GO) composite aerogel is fabricated through the alkaline–urea aqueous system. Inspired from the performance of nanocarriers in gene delivery, this article proposes a pathway to disperse GO in the green environment with strong electrolyte concentrations via the decorated branched PEI. The entire aqueous system shows good miscibility and stability. Meanwhile, the dynamic light scattering results indicate that PEI‐GO and cellulose chains become entangled to form a new supramolecular complex in the alkaline–urea solution, and a “hand” model is devised accordingly. The efficient dispersion of PEI‐GO (1–0.1%) over the entire cellulose support structure (3%) enables the resultant aerogel to exhibit a gaseous formaldehyde adsorption capacity, that is, 8.51 times greater than the pure cellulose aerogel under ambient temperatures. This dual function opens up enormous opportunities to process cellulose‐based GO materials in this green and inexpensive solvent with strong electrolyte concentrations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47860.
Conductive sizing for improving electrical conductivity of carbon fiber/polyaryl ether ketone/AgNWs composites
Authors: Audoit Jérémie , Cortes Luis Quiroga , Racagel Sébastien , Lonjon Antoine , Dantras Eric , Lacabanne Colette 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to enhance the electrical conductivity of PAEK/continuous carbon fiber (CF) composites while maintaining their mechanical properties. A conductive sizing was elaborated by mixing polyetherimide (PEI) with silver nanoplates (AgNpts) in suspension in dichloromethane. An aqueous PEI formulation was used as insulating sizing reference. The presence of AgNpts into the sizing enhances electrical conductivity up to 0.2 S.m−1 for a silver content ∼ 0.2 vol % without any modification of mechanical properties. The influence of conductive sizing on PAEK–AgNWs/CF was observed. For low AgNWs content lower (<1 vol %); the conductive sizing increases the electrical conductivity of the composite by one decade. This result shows that both types of Ag particles participate to the conductive path. For higher AgNWs content, electrical conductivity (200 S.m−1) is independent from the AgNpts content: the conductive path is only constituted by AgNWs. Mechanical properties of such composites show that the value of the conservative modulus is almost the same, while the dissipative modulus slightly increases. The global mechanical properties of the composite are preserved despite the addition of the CF, AgNWs, and AgNpts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47872.
Thermal and nondestructive analysis of high density polyethylene filled with milled salago fiber
Authors: Pouriman Mohammadhosein , Dahresobh Ali , Moradipour Mahsa , Caparanga Alvin R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFillers are utilized for different purposes. In plastic industry, fillers are mainly used to extend the bulk of the compound; however, they can also improve physical properties, materials processing, and reduce cycle time of plastics. In this article, high‐density polyethylene was filled with untreated and 5% alkaline‐treated salago fiber, and thereafter the thermal and nondestructive properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the chemical treatment of fiber increased the thermal stability and the mean coefficient value of linear thermal expansion of the treated composites as compared to the untreated ones. Moreover, the increase of fiber content in composites increased the crystallinity level while decreased the thermal capacity and melting temperature of the composites. The zinc, calcium, and phosphorus contents were found to be within the industry‐acceptable range for elemental contents in polyolefins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47873.
A novel underwater acoustically transparent material: Fluorosilicone polyester polyurethane
Authors: Li Zhihua , Shen Yuting , Gu Xiaohong , Li Junjie , Gao Yuan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA novel fluorosilicone polyester polyurethane (FSPU) was successfully synthesized with polycaprolactone diol, toluene diisocyanate, hydroxyl fluorosilicone oil (FSO), and a chain extender, 2,4‐diamino‐3,5‐dimethyl thiotoluene (E‐300). It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The water resistance, mechanics, and acoustic properties of the material were tested with an optical contact angle measuring device, an electronic universal testing machine, and sound field measurement, respectively. The results show that the water resistance of FSPU gradually improved with increasing FSO. Compared to that of polyurethane (PU), the water contact angle of FSPU at 50 wt % FSO increased to 111.7°, and the water absorption reached a minimum of 0.8%. The glass‐transition temperature of FSPU reached –44.1°C; this was lower than that of PU. Moreover, the insertion losses of this material at 600 and 1000 kHz were only 129.2 and 267.3 dB/m, respectively; these values were 20.5 and 13.6% lower, respectively, than that of PU. The results indicate that FSPU had an excellent water resistance and acoustic performance and a low glass‐transition temperature and is an ideal material for underwater acoustically transparent materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47894.
Nano‐indentation for probing mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on ethylene butyl acrylate copolymer and carbon black
Authors: Bentoumi Mohamed , Mdarhri Ahmed , Montagne Alex , Nourdine Ali , El Aboudi Ilham , Iost Alain 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMechanical properties of heterogeneous systems based on carbon black (CB) filled semi‐crystalline ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) copolymer nanocomposites are characterized using nano‐indentation technique. The size effect and CB content dependence on the deformation behavior at room temperature were investigated. The phenomenology for hardness response (H) indicates a typical enhancement of the H when the indentation depth (h) decreases as for the usual elastomeric materials. All H–h curves, fitted according to the Meyer's empirical power law and Franck elasticity model, highlight the so‐called length‐scale‐dependent deformation. Similar trend is observed for the elastic modulus. Furthermore, it is evidenced that the increases of CB content increases the mechanical properties of composites, that is, hardness and elastic modulus. This behavior can be mainly related, on the one hand, to the change of the meso‐structure, formed by the interconnected network of polymer and the aggregates of CB particles and to the nature of the polymer matrix, on the other hand. The mechanical properties characterized from micro and submicron indentations were compared to that characterized at macroscopic scale to highlight the possible correlations between the two scales. This investigation can interest many applications of polymer composites for rubber technology such as tires industry, soft robotic, and adhesives. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47897.
Interface compatibility and mechanisms of improved mechanical performance of starch/poly(lactic acid) blend reinforced by bamboo shoot shell fibers
Authors: Guan Mingjie , Zhang Zhiwei , Yong Cheng , Du Keke 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBamboo shoot shell fibers (BSSFs)/starch/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ternary composites were prepared by blending BSSFs to starch/PLA matrices for the purpose of expanding BSSFs applications to enhance starch/PLA composites and creating a new low‐cost biodegradable composite. The effects of BSSFs content (0–40 wt %) on the physical–mechanical properties were tested and interface compatibility and its mechanism to mechanical performance of BSSFs/starch/PLA composites were characterized by SEM‐EDS, TG. The results showed that the mechanical strength, surface wettability, and water absorption of the composites continued improving when the BSSFs content increased from 0% to 20 wt %. However, mechanical modulus increased with increase in BSSFs content. The results of fracture microstructure and thermal property exhibited a good interfacial compatibility at low content of BSSFs and an interface debonding at high content of BSSFs. These investigations indicated that the BSSFs reinforcement to the composite is not consistent with interface compatibility of the ternary composites. The composites should be considered as a kind of green and low‐cost biodegradable materials to replace traditional single‐phase or multiphase materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47899.
Improved tribological properties of polyimide composites by micro–nano reinforcement
Authors: Song Jingfu , Yu Yuanhao , Zhao Gai , Qiu Jinhao , Ding Qingjun 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe hydroxylate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grafted by chemical method on the surface of the oxidized carbon fibers (CF) to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide (PI). The microstructure and fracture surface of the polyimide composites indicated that CF–CNTs hybrid as a multiscale reinforcement can distribute into the PI matrix homogeneously. Tribo‐tests further showed that CF–CNTs hybrid had a better effect on hardness increment, impact strength enhancement, friction reduction, and wear resistance. Compared to the neat PI, the friction coefficient and wear rate of CF–CNTs/PI composite deceased by 23.2 and 55.9%, respectively. In particular, the loading capacity and high speed resistance of CF–CNTs/PI composite were greatly improved. The corresponding wear mechanisms were also discussed by observing the worn surface of the PI composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47900.
Epizootic effect and aftermath in a pilot whale population
Authors: Verborgh Philippe , Gauffier Pauline , Brévart Clémentine , Giménez Joan , Esteban Ruth , Carbou Morgane , Debons Elodie , de Stephanis Renaud 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Over the last three decades, emerging infectious diseases have resulted in large mortalities in wild populations.
Different strains of Morbillivirus have infected cetaceans all over the world and caused at least seven epizootics since the 1980s, but few data exist on their effect at the population level.
The demographic effect of a morbillivirus epizootic was studied on a well‐monitored resident population of long‐finned pilot whales in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Results show decreases in population size and apparent survival rate, especially in males, as well as negative population growth rates during the epizootic and the following years.
Although different anthropogenic and natural factors may have acted in conjunction, the epizootic was most likely the cause of this observed decline.
This epizootic, and potential future ones, may put the population's future at even greater risk, and their habitat is threatened by increasing anthropogenic stress.
Exploration of Chiral Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconducting Lead Halides
Authors: Peng Yu , Yao Yunpeng , Li Lina , Liu Xitao , Zhang Xinyuan , Wu Zhenyue , Wang Sasa , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Weichuan , Luo Junhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic lead halides have recently emerged as promising alternatives to conventional optoelectronic materials, considering their intriguing physical properties. However, organic–inorganic lead halides featuring chirality are seldom explored. Here, a pair of enantiomorphic organic–inorganic hybrid semiconducting lead halides, (R‐C5H14N2)PbBr4 (1R) and (S‐C5H14N2)PbBr4 (2S), were successfully obtained with the templating of chiral amines. These compounds adopt distinct one‐dimensional infinite quantum helices formed by edge‐shared transformative lead bromide octahedra. Notably, 1R and 2S present mirror circular dichroism (CD) signals due to the chirality transfer of the enantiopure amines. Furthermore, 1R and 2S exhibit phase‐matchable quadratic nonlinear response and typical semiconducting behaviours. This work highlights the potential of lead halides as a new kind of chiral semiconducting materials in spintronic and chiral optical applications.
Light‐Induced Patterned Self‐Assembly Behavior of Isotropic Semiconductor Nanomotors
Authors: Zhou Dekai , Gao Yuan , Liu He , Zhang Guangyu , Li Longqiu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of nanomotors is important for the production of materials with functional optical, mechanical and conductive properties. Yet, self‐assembly methods are limited by their slow kinetics and limited scale. Here we report a light‐induced method that yields a large‐scale predefined pattern constructed by self‐organization of nanomotors. The propulsion mechanism has been analyzed to create a matched experimental device, and numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamic energy‐conversion processes. We propose a sizable template fabricating method, which paves the way for new possibilities in surface science.
Liposomal Antitumor Vaccines Targeting Mucin 1 Elicit a Lipid‐Dependent Immunodominant Response
Authors: Du Jing‐Jing , Zou Shi‐Yao , Chen Xiang‐Zhao , Xu Wen‐Bo , Wang Chang‐Wei , Zhang Lian , Tang Yuan‐Kai , Zhou Shi‐Hao , Wang Jian , Yin Xu‐Guang , Gao Xiao‐Fei , Liu Zheng , Guo Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe tumor‐associated antigen mucin 1 (MUC1) has been pursued as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy, but the poor immunogenicity of the endogenous antigen hinders the development of vaccines capable of inducing effective anti‐MUC1 immunodominant responses. Herein, we prepared synthetic anti‐MUC1 vaccines in which the hydrophilic MUC1 antigen was N‐terminally conjugated to one or two palmitoyl lipid chains (to form amphiphilic Pam‐MUC1 or Pam2‐MUC1). These amphiphilic lipid‐tailed MUC1 antigens were self‐assembled into liposomes containing the NKT cell agonist αGalCer as an adjuvant. The lipid‐conjugated antigens reshaped the physical and morphological properties of liposomal vaccines. Promising results showed that the anti‐MUC1 IgG antibody titers induced by the Pam2‐MUC1 vaccine were more than 30‐ and 190‐fold higher than those induced by the Pam‐MUC1 vaccine and the MUC1 vaccine without lipid tails, respectively. Similarly, vaccines with the TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 as an adjuvant also induced conjugated lipid‐dependent immunological responses. Moreover, vaccines with the αGalCer adjuvant induced significantly higher titers of IgG antibodies than vaccines with the Pam3CSK4 adjuvant. Therefore, the non‐covalent assembly of the amphiphilic lipo‐MUC1 antigen and the NKT cell agonist αGalCer as a glycolipid adjuvant represent a synthetically simple but immunologically effective approach for the development of anti‐MUC1 cancer vaccines.
Techno‐economic analysis of 1,4‐butanediol production by a single‐step bioconversion process
Authors: Satam Chinmay C. , Daub Manuel , Realff Matthew J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract1,4‐Butanediol (1,4‐BDO) is one of the most important intermediate chemicals that is mainly produced using petrochemical routes. Recently, the route to 1,4‐BDO from corn‐based dextrose by single‐step bioconversion has been commercialized. This paper analyzes the bio‐based production route to 1,4‐BDO and establishes the major capital and operating costs associated with production. Bioconversion was found to be the major capital cost component while the hydraulic load from bioconversion and other systems like membrane filtration was found to be the major operating cost component. The process was found to be economically feasible with a minimum sales price (MSP) of 1,4‐BDO of $1.82/kg as compared to a market price of $2.5/kg. In addition, a mechanical vapor recompression scheme for the evaporator benefitted the process, increasing energy efficiency and therefore cost effectiveness. In general, improvements that enable the reduction of hydraulic loads lower the MSP of 1,4‐BDO. The most dramatic cost savings are seen when bioconversion titers are increased. When the bioconversion titers are doubled to 280 g L−1, a 45% reduction in MSP is seen with respect to the baseline process. A sensitivity analysis shows that process is sensitive to feedstock prices but not sensitive to energy prices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OEIS complex: Prevalence, clinical, and epidemiologic findings in a multicenter Mexican birth defects surveillance program
Authors: Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín , Luna‐Muñoz Leonora , Morales‐Suárez Juan José , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOEIS is the acronym of a malformations complex association including omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder or cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. It has a very low prevalence, ranging from 1/82,000 to 1/200,000 live births (LB). The etiology of OEIS is unknown. Virtually all cases are sporadic, and specific associated risk factors uncertain.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical spectrum, possible early pregnancy exposures, and demographic characteristics as potentially associated risk factors in a sample of Mexican cases.MethodsWe conducted a multihospital based case–control study on 12 cases with the OEIS complex identified in 1,195,020 LB born from January 1978 to December 2015. All comparisons performed were matching 1:3 the relation of cases and controls, respectively, considering the p‐value of ≤.05 as statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of OEIS was 1.004/100,000 (1/99,585) LB. The frequency of bladder/cloacal exstrophy was 75 and 25%, respectively, omphalocele was 83.3%, and imperforate anus and spinal defects, 75.0% each. Two pairs of twins discordant for the defect exhibited the severest OEIS phenotype. Except for the higher frequency of maternal first pregnancy trimester influenza infection, early perinatal mortality and a twining trend association, none other variable differed significantly.DiscussionThe prevalence of OEIS in our sample is within the highest reported worldwide. First‐trimester pregnancy maternal influenza infection and twining emerge as associated risk factors for OEIS. Although twin zygosity was not defined, the observed severest phenotypes in twins endorse the hypothesis that OEIS and monozygotic twinning are features of disturbances on early blastogenesis.
Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for high efficiency multiplexed gene deletion in Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Schultz J. Carl , Cao Mingfeng , Zhao Huimin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is considered a promising candidate for production of chemicals and biofuels thanks to its ability to grow on lignocellulosic biomass, and its high production of lipids and carotenoids. However, efforts to engineer this organism are hindered by a lack of suitable genetic tools. Here we report the development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in R. toruloides based on a fusion 5S rRNA–tRNA promoter for guide RNA (gRNA) expression, capable of greater than 95% gene knockout for various genetic targets. Additionally, multiplexed double‐gene knockout mutants were obtained using this method with an efficiency of 78%. This tool can be used to accelerate future metabolic engineering work in this yeast.