bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass transfer approach and the designing of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland systems treating waste stabilisation pond effluent
Authors: Rugaika Anita M. , Kajunguri Damian , Van Deun Rob , Van der Bruggen Bart , Njau Karoli N. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) that allowed wastewater to flow with high interstitial velocities in a controlled environment were used to evaluate the possibility of using mass transfer approach to design horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) treating waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) effluent. Since CW design considers temperature which is irrelevant in tropics, mass transfer approach could improve the design. HSSF-CWs were operated in batch recycle mode as continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) at different interstitial velocities. The overall removal rate constants of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at various interstitial velocities were evaluated in mesocosms that received pretreated domestic wastewater. The mean overall removal rate constants were 0.43, 0.69, 0.74 and 0.73 d−1 corresponding to interstitial velocities of 15.43, 36, 56.57 and 72 md−1, respectively. Results showed that the interstitial velocities up to 36 md−1 represented a range where mass transfer effect was significant and, above it, insignificant to the COD removal process. Since WSPs effluent has high flow rates and low organic load, it is possible to induce high interstitial velocities in a HSSF-CW treating this effluent, without clogging and overflow. The performance of these HSSF for tertiary treatment in tropical areas could be improved by considering flow velocity when designing.
Recent Progresses in Sensitive Determination of Drugs of Abuse by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hamidi Samin 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Today, “drugs of abuse” pose serious social problems such as many crimes,
medical treatment costs, and economic repercussions. Several worldwide clinical laboratories use analytical
separation methods to analyze their patient samples for drugs and poisons. In this way, they
provide qualitative and quantitative data on the substances in various biological matrices (e.g., urine,
plasma or serum, saliva, and breath).

Methods:
An extensive review of the published articles indicates that the use of Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) coupled with sensitivity enhancing methods is a very attractive area of interest in the
assay of drugs of abuse.

Results:
This review was prepared to have a comprehensive study on applications of sensitivity enhancing
methods on the determination of drugs of abuse especially from 2007 to present. The sample
preconcentration approaches almost address all methods from online preconcentration (both electrophoretic
and chromatographic-based methods) to offline preconcentration. Furthermore, detection
system modification and capillary column fabrications were investigated in order to increase the detection
sensitivity of complex samples in CE.

Conclusion:
The present review summarizes the most recent developments in the detection of drugs
of abuse using CE. Although CE still has a limitation in sensitive detection, several publications in
recent years have proposed valuable methods to overcome this problem.
A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology
Authors: Alnajim Ihab , Agarwal Manjree , Liu Tao , Ren YongLin 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification
of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific
chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the
beetle can serve as biomarkers.

Methods:
The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical
conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released
from T. castaneum.

Results:
The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from
T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time,
temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects
in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas
chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were
1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl.

Conclusion:
This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method
for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology
could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent
treatment.
Purinergic P2X7 Receptor: A Cation Channel Sensitive to Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Scarpellino Giorgia , Genova Tullio , Munaron Luca 
Published: January 2019

Background: Purinergic signalling is involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes. P2X7 Receptor (P2X7R) is a calcium-permeable ion channel that is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different diseases including inflammation, pain, psychiatric disorders and cancer. P2X7R is ubiquitously expressed and sensitive to high ATP levels, usually found in tumor microenvironment. P2X7R regulates several cell functions, from migration to cell death, but its selective contribution to tumor progression remains controversial.Objective:Current review was conducted to check involvement of P2X7R use in cancer treatment.Methods:We review the most recent patents focused on the use of P2X7R in the treatment of cancer.Results:P2X7R is an intriguing purinergic receptor that plays different roles in tumor progression.Conclusion:Powerful strategies able to selectively interfere with its expression and function should reveal helpful in the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Prabhu Ashwini , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar 
Published: January 2019

Background:Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders.Objective:The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others.Conclusion:IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.
PDGF-BB Induces Formation of Bridging Callus After Reconstructive Surgery of Large Bone Defect
Authors: Wiratnaya I. Gede Eka 
Published: January 2019

Background:Reconstructive surgery by using allografts often conducted to manage large bone defects, either due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes. However, poor vascularization of the graft bed is still problematic. To overcome this, bone tissue engineering method has been developed that uses growth factor as an angiogenic stimulator, such as platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB).Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the administration of recombinant rat Platelet Derived Growth Factor BB (rrPDGF BB) on bone healing process, showed by formation of bridging callus, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteocalcin inmassivefresh frozen allograft post reconstructive surgery.Methods:This was a Post Test Only Control Group Design study involved 32 Wistar rats divided into two groups,i.e.treatment group (defect on right femoral bone and received fresh frozen allograft with the addition of rrPDGF BB) and control group (without addition of rrPDGF BB). Expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin was identified through immunohistochemistry.Results:A significantly higher expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin was observed in the treatment group as compared to the control group (p< 0.05). The presence of bridging callus on the fresh frozen allograft also showed to be significant (p= 0.003). Path analysis showed formation of bridging callus after administration of PDGF on allograft occur through three pathways, in which VEGF holds the most important role.Conclusion:The application of rrPDGF BB significantly enhances the formation of new bone through increased expression of VEGF, BMP-2 and osteocalcin.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Age and Sex/Gender on Pain Sensitivity in Healthy Human Participants
Authors: El-Tumi Hanan , Johnson Mark I. , Tashani Osama A. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Ageing is associated with alterations of the structure and function of somatosensory tissue that can impact on pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and pain sensitivity responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in healthy adults.

Methods:
56 unpaid volunteers (28 women) aged between 20 and 55 years were categorised according to age into one of seven possible groups. The following measurements were taken: thermal detection thresholds, heat pain threshold and tolerance using a TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer; pressure pain threshold using a handheld electronic pressure algometer; and cold pressor pain threshold, tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness.

Results:
There was a positive correlation between heat pain tolerance and age (r = 0.228, P = 0.046), but no statistically significant differences between age groups for cold or warm detection thresholds, or heat pain threshold or tolerance. Forward regression found increasing age to be a predictor of increased pressure pain threshold (B = 0.378, P = 0.002), and sex/gender to be a predictor of cold pressor pain tolerance, with women having lower tolerance than men (B = -0.332, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
The findings of this experimental study provide further evidence that pressure pain threshold increases with age and that women have lower thresholds and tolerances to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli.

Significance:
The findings demonstrate that variations in pain sensitivity response to experimental stimuli in adults vary according to stimulus modality, age and sex and gender.
Recent Advances on Human-Robot Interface of Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm
Authors: Chi Mingshan , Yao Yufeng , Liu Yaxin , Zhong Ming 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Wheelchair mounted robotic arm is a typical assistive robot, which is widely
used to help the elders and the disabled to complete the activities of daily life. But limited by the restrictions
of the users’ athletic ability and cognitive ability, how to flexibly manipulate such robot is
still a problem in front of them. The human-computer interaction technology is the core technology of
the robot. Its performance directly affects the user&#039;s acceptability, satisfaction and promotion of intelligent
wheelchairs.

Objective:
The study aims to give a general summary of recent human-robot interface of wheelchair
mounted robotic arm and introduce their respective characteristics.

Methods:
Based on various patents and research developments about the human-robot interface of the
assistive robot at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the basic principle of designing the humanrobot
interaction mode, divides the man-robot interface into two categories based on the perspective of
user control robot arm, and describes in detail, the typical human-robot interface and its related characteristics
contained in each classification.

Results:
The development trends of the human-robot interface in future are predicted, so as to provide
some research reference for the related scientific researchers.

Conclusion:
Wheelchair mounted robotic arm has important practical significance. Further improvements
are needed in the design of the human-robot interface. It can effectively improve the operation
performance of the WMRA, and take full advantage of the user’s existing movement ability to meet the
requirement of dominating the control process. Furthermore, these improvements in the human-robot
interface will allow more and more users to accept the WMRA, manipulate the WMRA, and enjoy
improvements in the quality of their life for these assistive robots.
Neoliberalismo: La perspectiva polanyiana
Authors: Polanyi  y Mario Seccareccia Kari 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right">Karl Polanyi demostró que el liberalismo clásico y el actual neoliberalismo fueron movimientos políticos organizados, pero sus éxitos produjeron una adversa<strong> </strong>reacción social y política. Esta dialéctica continua dando forma al debate doméstico e internacional y a los movimiento sociales. Inspirados por el la obra maestra e Karl Polanyi, <em>La Gran Transformación</em>, este artículo ofrece una periodización de la interaccción dialéctica, o el “doble movimien-to”, para guiar nuestra comprensión del neliberallismo de nuestros días. También se busca arrojar luz sobre algunos cambios recientes en el discurso político desde la crisis financiera mundial de 2008.</p><p>JEL: B15; B17; B25</p><div><br clear="all" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
El giro no-liberal contemporáneo en economistas: emergencia del neoliberalismo y el posneoliberalismo en la visión de Hirschman
Authors: Grabel Ilene 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>Este trabajo está dirigido a responder una pregunta. ¿Cómo podría Albert O. Hirschman tener una teoría del papel de la profesión de los economistas en los impulsos no-liberales que han surgido en muchas partes del mundo? Se argumenta que Hirschman consideraría que la profesión está significativa-mente implicada en haber creado las condiciones que produjeron la crisis democrática en desarrollo. Esto no se debería a la adhesión de la profesión a ningún modelo económico individual, ya sea keynesiano, neoliberal o cualquier otro. En cambio, Hirschman habría arraigado la culpabilidad de la profesión económica en su idealización y búsqueda de la coherencia institucional y política, es decir, en la búsqueda de la pureza teórica y el esfuerzo por realizarla en la práctica. Ese era el proyecto que estrechamente vinculaba a la arrogancia de la profesión económica. Y es sobre la necesidad de humildad, paciencia y reconocimiento de las limitaciones epistémicas de la profesión que Hirschman fue quizás más perspicaz y original.</p><p>JEL: B15; B17; B25</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Populismo en un contexto de crisis, globalización y nacionalismos
Authors: Déniz Espinós José 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>“Todo lo que molesta, con lo que no se está de acuerdo, es populista"</p><p align="right">(José Mujica)</p><p> </p><p>En estas fechas se cumple la primera década de lo que se ha llamado la Gran Recesión, cuando en septiembre de 2008 Lehman Brothers se declaró en bancarrota en Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Luego se comprobó que el problema era del sistema, no de una institución. Si bien este panorama se inició en EUA y rápidamente se fue complejizando, unas condiciones similares hicieron posible que se extendiera a otras partes del mundo, especialmente por su importancia económica a la Unión Europea (UE), aunque sus efectos fueron globales. Asimismo, se aprecia una crisis del pensamiento económico y político que ha servido como referente hasta ahora. Este conjunto de elementos sería el causante o, por lo menos, el catalizador del actual populismo, el fenómeno al que se viene aludiendo mayoritariamente cada vez que se quiere descalificar algo (o a alguien) con lo que no se está de acuerdo, sea a la derecha o a la izquierda.</p><p> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Crisis económica y crisis de la economía
Authors: Berzosa Alonso-Martínez Carlos 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>La crisis económica que estalla en 2008, aunque tiene unos precedentes ya en el año anterior, va suponer el fin de un ciclo económico y va a tener repercusiones graves en la economía real, pero también va abrir un debate acerca de validez de la economía convencional. Aquí se van a exponer los argumentos de los defensores de la economía convencional, fundamentalmente de Rodrik y las críticas hechas por poskeynesiano, como Galbraith y Keen. Así como planteamientos de autores marxianos sobre la crisis, fundamentalmente de Bellamy Foster y Magdoff, así como la de Roberts. Para finalizar analizando las posibles alternativas.</p>
Mercados internacionales de capital, inversión extranjera directa y grandes empresas en México
Authors: Vidal Gregorio 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right">En años recientes existe un notable incremento del ingreso de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) a México. Las cifras de entrada a partir del año 2001 son notablemente superiores a los años previos y se mantienen en montos semejantes o mayores hasta la fecha. No es un hecho específico de la transformación de la economía en el país. La adopción de una política económica que busca atraer capitales del exterior ejecutando cambios legales que propicien su ingreso es parte de acciones de gobierno y transformaciones en muy diversas economías y el incremento de los flujos financieros internacionales una característica destacada de la economía mundial.</p><p>Entre los argumentos que las distintas administraciones federales han sostenido desde finales de los años ochenta a la fecha están que la Inversión Extranjera (IE) es una importante fuente de financiamiento y permite incrementar la capacidad de exportación. En el periodo de 1994 a la fecha, cuando es relevante la apertura comercial y financiera la mayor parte del ingreso de IED no es en nuevas inversiones. Son algo mayores las cuentas entre compañías y la reinversión de utilidades de la empresas extranjeras. Además, en las nuevas inversiones un segmento relevante se destina a la compra de empresas, por lo que no impacta positivamente el incremento en la producción. Así, es una parte menor de la IED que ingresa al país la que se asocia al cambio relevante, el desarrollo de una plataforma exportadora en la industria manufacturera.</p><p>En el texto se presenta a detalle el caso de la industria automotriz, que incluye importantes montos de nueva IED; pero también de reinversión de utilidades y cuentas entre compañías. Además se trata de una industria altamente importadora, que destina la mayor parte de su producción al mercado exterior, principalmente a Estados Unidos. Estas inversiones no impulsan encadenamientos productivos internos relevantes y menos una diversificación de la producción industrial. La situación es semejante en la industria de aparatos y equipos eléctricos y electrónicos. Como en el caso de otras actividades altamente exportadoras, el impulso al crecimiento de la economía es muy limitado y sumadas a otras inversiones de capitales del país y del exterior no han alcanzado una modificación positiva sobresaliente en el coeficiente de inversión.</p><p> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Differential Diagnosis of MutYH-Associated Polyposis from Sporadic Colon Polyps
Authors: Tsukanov A. S. , Shubin V. P. , Kuzminov A. M. , Toboeva M. Kh. , Savelyeva T. A. , Kashnikov V. N. , Shelygin Yu. A. 
Published: January 2019

Aim. In this research, we aim to develop a criterion for differentiating MutYH-associated polyposis from sporadic colon polyps.Materials and methods. A search for mutations in the MutYH gene was carried out using the PCR, electrophoresis and direct sequencing methods among the following groups of people: 18 patients under 45 years old with more than 100 polyps diagnosed in the large intestine; 86 patients over 45 years old with 4–100 polyps; 150 people of the control group.Results. Mutations in the MutYH gene were detected in 2 out of 18 patients having more than 100 polyps. Among 86 patients with 4–100 polyps, mutations were found in 10 people having more than 20 polyps. Mutations in the MutYH gene were not detected in patients with 4–19 polyps (p <0.05). The pathogenic significance of the disease development was established not only for biallelic, but also for monoallelic mutations.Conclusion. For the first time, the lower limit of the polyp number has been established, allowing the MutYH-associated polyposis to be differentiated from sporadic polyps.
Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association on the Diagnostics and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Maev I. V. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Lapina T. L. , Andreev D. N. , Baranskaya E. K. , Tertychny A. S. , Pirogov S. S. , Sheptulin A. A. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Dicheva D. T. , Zaborovsky A. V. , Ivashkina N. Yu. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Paraskevova A. V. 
Published: January 2019

Aim.This paper presents guidelines on the diagnostics and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis, which can be used by practitioners in their everyday practice.Summary.Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized by the symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and a pronounced eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. The EoE diagnostics is based on the clinical manifestations of the disease (dysphagia, food impaction, chest pain regardless of swallowing), as well as on the combination of endoscopic and histological signs. The diagnostic criterion is the eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa with an eosinophil density of ≥ 15 per high power field (×400) in at least one of the biopsy specimens (about 60 eosinophils in 1 mm2). Total IgE levels, peripheral blood eosinophilia and skin allergy tests are considered to be additional diagnostic means. Several approaches are used for the treatment of EoE, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and topical glucocorticosteroids (GCS), as well as elimination diets. The choice of therapy should be individualized, with the mandatory assessment of the treatment efficacy after 6–12 weeks using esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy sampling. Endoscopic dilatation should be considered in patients suffering from severe dysphagia due to esophagus stricture.Conclusion.Increased incidence of EoE predominantly among children and young people, as well as its chronic character requiring long-term maintenance therapy, make EoE a significant issue to the practice of gastroenterology.