bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gunshot Suicide
Authors: Bogdanović Milenko , Atanasijević Tatjana , Popović Vesna , Durmić Tijana , Radnić Bojana 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The article describes a case of gunshot suicide to the head in a 51-year-old man. The entrance wound was located in the left temple and exit wound in the right temple. The entrance wound had the characteristics of a hard-contact gunshot wound. The most interesting finding in this case was cherry-red discoloration of the right temporal muscle surrounding the exit wound. This finding could make the determination of the entrance versus exit gunshot wound challenging, especially if the wounds are of atypical appearance. In addition, the finding described in the presented case could be the proof that carbon monoxide may follow the missile through the body and may be prominent in the soft tissue at the exit.
Factors Associated With Long-term Outcomes After Injury
Authors: Haider Adil H. , Herrera-Escobar Juan P. , Al Rafai Syeda S. , Harlow Alyssa F. , Apoj Michel , Nehra Deepika , Kasotakis George , Brasel Karen , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Velmahos George , Salim Ali 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with patient-reported outcomes, 6 to 12 months after moderate to severe injury.

Summary of Background Data:
Due to limitations of trauma registries, we have an incomplete understanding of factors that impact long-term patient-reported outcomes after injury. As 96% of patients survive their injuries, several entities including the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine have called for a mechanism to routinely follow trauma patients and determine factors associated with survival, patient-reported outcomes, and reintegration into society after trauma.

Methods:
Over 30 months, major trauma patients [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥9] admitted to 3 Level-I trauma centers in Boston were assessed via telephone between 6 and 12 months after injury. Outcome measures evaluated long-term functional, physical, and mental-health outcomes. Multiple regression models were utilized to identify patient and injury factors associated with outcomes.

Results:
We successfully followed 1736 patients (65% of patients contacted). More than half (62%) reported current physical limitations, 37% needed help for at least 1 activity of daily living, 20% screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), all SF-12 physical health subdomain scores were significantly below US norms, and 41% of patients who were working previously were unable to return to work. Age, sex, and education were associated with long-term outcomes, while almost none of the traditional measures of injury severity were.

Conclusion:
The long-term sequelae of trauma are more significant than previously expected. Collection of postdischarge outcomes identified patient factors, such as female sex and low education, associated with worse recovery. This suggests that social support systems are potentially at the core of recovery rather than traditional measures of injury severity.
Bone Mineral Density Adult Age Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: A Test of the DXAGE Application
Authors: Bethard Jonathan D. , Berger Jacqueline M. , Maiers Justin , Ross Ann H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEstimating age‐at‐death of individuals represented only by skeletonized human remains is a fundamental aspect of forensic anthropological casework. Recently, several researchers have proposed that bone mineral density (BMD) is a useful predictor of age‐at‐death in forensic contexts. Navega et al. (JFS 63(2):497–503) developed an online application called DXAGE for calculating age‐at‐death from BMD parameters. This study tests the utility of DXAGE by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BMD data from a female subsample (n = 470) of the NHANES 2007–2008 dataset were analyzed, and the relationship between predicted age and real age was examined. Inaccuracy was 14.25 years, and bias was −7.20 years. Results show that there is a weak correlation between predicted and actual age (r = 0.47) using the DXAGE application. While BMD data are potentially useful for predicting age age‐at‐death, the DXAGE application should be used cautiously in forensic anthropological contexts.
Polymorphisms in the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 pathway do not explain low expression levels in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Bjørnvall Christina Dybdrodt , Opdal Siri H. , Rognum Torleiv O. , Ferrante Linda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate if a range of known rare and common genetic variants in the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway were present or overrepresented in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) compared to controls.MethodsGenetic variations in the genes encoding TLR4, MyD88 and Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 were analysed. The subjects investigated included 158 SIDS cases with a median age of 15.25 weeks (2–47 weeks), 80 cases of infectious death with a median age of 24.9 weeks (0–285 weeks) and 199 adult controls with a median age of 50 years (11–86 years). The cases were collected in the years 1988–2017, and the autopsies were performed at the Department of Forensic Sciences at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ResultsThe results showed that none of the genetic variants selected from the MyD88 pathway were associated with neither SIDS nor infectious death. Most of the rare genetic variants were homozygote for the common allele in all groups, while the rest revealed allelic variation.ConclusionThe genetic variations investigated in this study did not appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of SIDS.
A population pharmacokinetic model to predict the individual starting dose of tacrolimus in adult renal transplant recipients
Authors: Andrews L. M. , Hesselink D. A. , van Schaik R. H. N. , van Gelder T. , de Fijter J. W. , Lloberas N. , Elens L. , Moes D. J. A. R. , de Winter B. C. M. 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe aims of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus immediately after kidney transplantation, and to develop a clinical tool for selecting the best starting dose for each patient.MethodsData on tacrolimus exposure were collected for the first 3 months following renal transplantation. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling. Demographic, clinical and genetic parameters were evaluated as covariates.ResultsA total of 4527 tacrolimus blood samples collected from 337 kidney transplant recipients were available. Data were best described using a two‐compartment model. The mean absorption rate was 3.6 h−1, clearance was 23.0 l h–1 (39% interindividual variability, IIV), central volume of distribution was 692 l (49% IIV) and the peripheral volume of distribution 5340 l (53% IIV). Interoccasion variability was added to clearance (14%). Higher body surface area (BSA), lower serum creatinine, younger age, higher albumin and lower haematocrit levels were identified as covariates enhancing tacrolimus clearance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 expressers had a significantly higher tacrolimus clearance (160%), whereas CYP3A4*22 carriers had a significantly lower clearance (80%). From these significant covariates, age, BSA, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotype were incorporated in a second model to individualize the tacrolimus starting dose:

urn:x-wiley:03065251:media:bcp13838:bcp13838-math-0001
Both models were successfully internally and externally validated. A clinical trial was simulated to demonstrate the added value of the starting dose model.ConclusionsFor a good prediction of tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, age, BSA, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotype are important covariates. These covariates explained 30% of the variability in CL/F. The model proved effective in calculating the optimal tacrolimus dose based on these parameters and can be used to individualize the tacrolimus dose in the early period after transplantation.
Factors influencing return for maintenance treatment with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the management of the overactive bladder
Authors: Salatzki Janek , Liechti Martina D. , Spanudakis Eleonora , Gonzales Gwen , Baldwin Joanne , Haslam Collette , Pakzad Mahreen , Panicker Jalesh N. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo identify factors influencing return for maintenance percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) treatment after successful completion of a 12‐week course of treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).Patients and MethodsPatients with OAB symptoms referred for PTNS treatment underwent 12 sessions of weekly PTNS treatment and were evaluated at baseline and week 12 using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on OAB, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptom‐related quality of life (ICIQ‐LUTSqol) and a bladder diary (BD). Responders to treatment, evaluated using two patient‐reported outcome measures, were invited to return for maintenance treatment when symptoms returned. A PTNS Service Evaluation Questionnaire was used to evaluate factors influencing return for maintenance treatment.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were evaluated (mean age 58.9 [±14.7] years, 72.6% women) and clustered into three groups: group 1 (n = 25) did not respond to 12 weekly sessions of PTNS treatment; group 2 (n = 17) responded to treatment but did not return for maintenance treatment and group 3 (n = 31) responded to treatment and returned for maintenance treatment. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, diagnosis, baseline symptom scores and BD variables among the three groups. Patients belonging to groups 2 and 3 experienced a significant improvement from baseline to week 12 in total OAB scores (group 2: −1.54 ± 1.85; group 3: −1.85 ± 2.28; P < 0.05); however, patients returning for maintenance treatment reported significant improvements specifically in nocturia (BD difference = −0.4 ± 0.7 [P < 0.05] and ICIQ‐LUTSqol difference −0.48 ± 0.94 [P < 0.05]), and perceived benefits of the treatment with regard to their OAB symptoms compared to those not returning for maintenance treatment (difference between the two groups 25.6%; P = 0.030). Improvements in nocturia and perceived benefits predicted return for maintenance treatment based on a logistic regression analysis. Factors related to the need for repeat clinic visits, such as transportation, distance and time commitment, were not found to differ between the two groups.ConclusionsTwelve‐session weekly PTNS is a safe and effective treatment for OAB. Responders to treatment returning for maintenance PTNS more often reported significant improvements in nocturia and perceived benefits over time, compared to those not returning for maintenance treatment. The BD provides a more objective assessment of treatment outcome after PTNS treatment.
The structure of mammalian β‐mannosidase provides insight into β‐mannosidosis and nystagmus
Authors: Gytz Heidi , Liang Jason , Liang Yingke , Gorelik Alexei , Illes Katalin , Nagar Bhushan 
Published: December 2018

β‐Mannosidase is a lysosomal enzyme from the glycosyl hydrolase family 2 that cleaves the single β(1–4)‐linked mannose at the nonreducing end of N‐glycosylated proteins, and plays an important role in the polysaccharide degradation pathway. Mutations in the MANBA gene, which encodes the β‐mannosidase, can lead to the lysosomal storage disease β‐mannosidosis, as well as nystagmus, an eye condition characterized by involuntary eye movements. Here, we present the first structures of a mammalian β‐mannosidase in both the apo‐ and mannose‐bound forms. The structure is similar to previously determined β‐mannosidase structures with regard to domain organization and fold, however, there are important differences that underlie substrate specificity between species. Additionally, in contrast to most other ligand‐bound β‐mannosidases from bacterial and fungal sources where bound sugars were in a boat‐like conformation, we find the mannose in the chair conformation. Evaluation of known disease mutations in the MANBA gene provides insight into their impact on disease phenotypes. Together, these results will be important for the design of therapeutics for treating diseases caused by β‐mannosidase deficiency.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6DDT and 6DDU.
Screening for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using transient elastography
Authors: Lai Lee‐Lee , Wan Yusoff Wan Nur Illyana , Vethakkan Shireene Ratna , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Chan Wah‐Kheong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe recommendation in regard to screening for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients differs in major guidelines. The aim of this paper was to study the prevalence of NALFD and advanced fibrosis among T2DM patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of consecutive adult T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic of a university hospital. Significant hepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis was diagnosed based on transient elastography if the controlled attenuation parameter was ≥ 263 dB/m, and the liver stiffness measurement was ≥ 9.6 kPa using the M probe or ≥ 9.3 kPa using the XL probe, respectively. Patients with liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8 kPa were referred to the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic for further assessment, including liver biopsy.ResultsThe data of 557 patients were analyzed (mean age 61.4 ± 10.8 years, male 40.6%). The prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis based on transient elastography was 72.4% and 21.0%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with NAFLD were central obesity (OR 4.856, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.749–8.577, P = 0.006), serum triglyceride (OR 1.585, 95% CI 1.056–2.381, P = 0.026), and alanine aminotransferase levels (OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.025–1.070, P < 0.001) while advanced fibrosis was associated with serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.355, 95% CI 0.126–0.997, P = 0.049), alanine aminotransferase (OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.009–1.037, P = 0.001), γ‐glutamyltransferase (OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001–1.008, P = 0.017), and platelet levels (OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.992–0.999, P = 0.010). Seventy‐one patients underwent liver biopsy. The majority had non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (83.1%) and ≥ F1 fibrosis (87.3%) while advanced fibrosis was seen in 36.6%.ConclusionThe prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis based on transient elastography is high among T2DM patients.
Bone marrow‐derived interstitial cells of cajal are increased by electroacupuncture in the colon of diabetic mice
Authors: An Jing , Zhao Jiao , Liu Shi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimInsufficiency of interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) in the muscular plexus of colon has been proved in diabetic mice. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 can accelerate ICC supplement in the colon of diabetic mice, but the source of increased ICC has not been clearly explored. Bone marrow cells possess the potential of migration and differentiation into ICC of the intestine. Our aim is to explore the effects of EA on variations of bone marrow‐derived ICC in the colon of diabetic mice as well as its mechanism.MethodsWild C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups with random assignment method: control group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) + DM group, BMT + DM + sham EA group, BMT + DM + low‐frequency EA group, and BMT + DM + high‐frequency EA group. Flow cytometric method was adopted to identify the chimera model. The specific location and expression levels of c‐Kit+ green fluorescent protein (GFP+) cells in colon were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the expression level of c‐Kit, GFP, membrane‐band stem cell factor (mSCF), p‐ERK, p‐c‐Jun, ETV1, stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), CXCR4, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), and smad3.Resultsc‐Kit+ GFP+ cells in the muscular plexus of colon were apparently increased in the EA groups; the protein and mRNA expression level of CXCR4, SDF‐1, TGF‐β1, smad3, c‐kit, mSCF, p‐ERK, p‐c‐Jun, and ETV1 were elevated in the EA groups.ConclusionsElectroacupuncture can effectively increase bone marrow‐derived ICC in the colon by SDF‐1/CXCR4, TGF‐β1/Smad3, and mSCF/Kit‐p‐ERK/p‐c‐Jun‐ETV1 signal pathway.
The experience of person‐centred practice in a 100% single‐room environment in acute care settings—A narrative literature review
Authors: Kelly Rosemary , Brown Donna , McCance Tanya , Boomer Christine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review published research into the staff and adult patient experience of person‐centred practice in a 100% single‐room environment in acute care.BackgroundThere has been a significant move towards the 100% single‐room environment within healthcare systems. Furthermore, there has been a global move for developing person‐centred practice in a range of healthcare settings. Some studies have linked the role of the physical environment to patient outcomes and improved patient satisfaction; however, these are limited. Overall, there is little evidence in the international literature of the experience of care in single rooms in adult, acute care settings.DesignA narrative description was developed using the major constructs of the person‐centred practice framework (PcPF). The PRISMA checklist provided additional rigour.MethodProblems, Exposure, Outcomes (PEO) refined the search terms to: person‐centred, adult acute care, single room, staff experience and patient experience. CINAHL, Medline Ovid, Psycinfo, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for full‐text English language papers of empirical studies published between 2012–2017. PRISMA illustrated final paper determination, and the CASP/EPHPP frameworks were used for a critical appraisal of the 12 selected papers.ResultsThe literature recognises the increasing complexity of health care in the acute care environment globally. The international literature available identifies staffs’ desire to practise person‐centredness, but much of the evidence is focused on care delivery. The impact of the single‐room environment on person‐centred practice links mainly to the constructs of the care environment and person‐centred processes within the PcPF.ConclusionThis review focuses on empirical studies relating to person‐centred practice in the single‐room environment published in the last 5 years. While there is a significant body of work relating to person‐centredness and the delivery of person‐centred practice, and the impact of the environment on care delivery, there appears to limited evidence linking person‐centred practice, staff and patient experience and the single‐room environment.Relevance to clinical practiceBy understanding the context in which care is delivered, multiprofessional teams can explore how the delivery of person‐centred practice may be influenced by the physical environment and what changes to culture, systems and processes may be required to enhance the experience of care for patients and the delivery of care for staff.
Healthcare staff’s evaluation of a walk‐in centre at a healthcare centre in an immigrant‐dense area
Authors: Wärdig Rikard , Hadziabdic Emina , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate a walk‐in centre at a healthcare centre in an immigrant‐dense area where a high proportion of the patients have limited language ability in Swedish, from the perspective of healthcare personnel.BackgroundIncreased global migration results in higher vulnerability in migrants, with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Migrants’ health often deteriorates, which can be attributed to an increased level of stress and adaptation to a new lifestyle. Therefore, immigrants are at higher risk of being affected by, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This requires access to good health care.DesignA qualitative exploratory study was conducted, using semi‐structured interviews. Content analysis was used in the analysis process.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were held with 15 purposively sampled doctors and nurses, working at a healthcare centre in Sweden. Data were collected during autumn 2017. The study was performed in accordance with COREQ.ResultsWorking at the walk‐in centre involved caring for everything from basic to advanced health problems and meant a high pace that required stress‐resistant personnel. The walk‐in centre was described as both promoting and threatening patient safety. The personnel had several ideas on how to develop the walk‐in centre.ConclusionsA walk‐in centre can be seen as a necessity related to issues of ensuring patient safety and delivering care for everyone in an immigrant‐dense area. However, it cannot be the only form of care offered, as it seems not be adapted to certain groups, such as people with disabilities and the elderly.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings emphasise that a walk‐in centre is a way to increase accessibility for the entire population and offer equal care for all, even if it involves challenges that need to be addressed.
Undocumented migrants’ life situations: An exploratory analysis of quality of life and living conditions in a sample of undocumented migrants living in Norway
Authors: Myhrvold Trine , Småstuen Milada C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo gather insight in conditions important to an understanding of undocumented migrants’ life situations and more specifically to explore undocumented migrants’ quality of life and how we can understand the various domains of quality of life related to demographics, living conditions, migration history and inflicted burden.BackgroundUndocumented migrants suffer from economic hardship and acculturative stress, limited psychological and social support and at the same time restricted access to health care and social welfare.DesignAn exploratory mixed methods design using primarily quantitative data with a qualitative component was implemented.MethodsSociodemographic data on 90 undocumented migrants were collected, and self‐report questionnaires on quality of life and psychological distress were completed, supplemented by qualitative data obtained through interviews and additional qualitative questions. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting this study.ResultsQuality of life in our group of undocumented migrants was poor. Leaving their home country because of war or persecution, hunger, having experienced abuse, homelessness and higher age were statistically significantly associated with poorer quality of life. Having membership in a local association and having a partner were statistically significantly associated with better quality of life. Qualitative data indicate that marginal living conditions, fear of death and suffering and conditions associated with dependency were the main components comprising the burden to our respondents, reflecting their precarious juridical status as undocumented migrants.ConclusionOur respondents’ poor quality of life was related to the complex interplay between possible exposures to traumatic experiences before and during flight and post‐migration traumatisation in relation to our respondents’ experiences of economic, social and acculturative hardship in Norway.Relevance to Clinical PracticeResponses called for to improve undocumented migrants’ quality of life and eliminate barriers to their health care appeal more to nurses as a professional group and to those in positions of authority than each individual nurse on duty.