bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐phenylthiazole derivatives
Authors: Shinde Vikas , Mhaske Pravin C. , Singh Aakriti , Sarkar Dhiman , Mahulikar Pramod 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel series of 4‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐substitutedthiazole derivatives (8a‐l) have been synthesized by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 4‐(4‐ethynylphenyl)‐2‐substitutedthiazole with substituted benzyl azide in aqueous DMF. Starting compounds 4‐(4‐ethynylphenyl)‐2‐substitutedthiazole (6a‐d) were synthesized by reaction of 4‐(2‐substitutedthiazol‐4‐yl)benzaldehyde with Ohira‐Bestmann reagent in methanol. The structures of these novel triazole‐thiazole clubbed derivatives were confirmed by the spectral analysis. The title compounds (8a‐l) were tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra active and dormant (MTB, ATCC 25177) and antimicrobial activity against standard Gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2602) and Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2162), and Gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (NCIM 2576) and Pseudomonas flurescence (NCIM 2059). Compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8h reported good activity against B subtilis, compounds 8a, 8b, and 8c showed good activity against S aureus, and compound 8b showed good activity against dormant M tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Compounds 8b and 8c found more potent against Gram positive and dormant M tuberculosis H37Rv strains. These novel triazole‐thiazole clubbed analogues found to be a capable leads for further optimization and development.
General morphology and ultrastructure of the radula of Testudinalia testudinalis (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Patellogastropoda, Gastropoda)
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Tzetlin Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe radular morphology of the patellid species Testudinalia testudinalis (O. F. Müller, 1776) from the White Sea was studied using light, electron, and confocal microscopy. The radula is of the docoglossan type with four teeth per row and consisting of six zones. We characterize teeth formation in T. testidinalis as follows: one tooth is formed by numerous and extremely narrow odontoblasts through apocrine secretion; this initially formed tooth consists of numerous vesicles; the synthetic apparatus of the odontoblasts is localized in the apical and central parts of the cells throughout the cytoplasm and is penetrated by microtubules which are involved in the transport of the synthesized products to the apical part of the odontoblast; the newly formed teeth consist of unpolymerized chitin. Mitotic activity is located in the lateral parts of the formation zone. The first four rows contain an irregular arrangement of teeth, but the radular teeth are regularly arranged after the fifth row. The irregularly arranged teeth early on could be a consequence of the asynchronous formation of teeth and the distance between the odontoblasts and the membranoblasts. The morphological data obtained significantly expands our knowledge of the morphological diversity of the radula formation in Gastropoda.
Neuroanatomical distribution and functions of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain
Authors: Anand Surendra Kumar , Mondal Amal Chandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an extensively studied protein that is evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed in the brain of vertebrates. It acts via its cognate receptors TrkB and p75NTR and plays a central role in the developmental neurogenesis, neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and brain regeneration. BDNF has also been implicated in a plethora of neurological disorders. Hence, understanding the processes that are controlled by BDNF and their regulating mechanisms is important. Although, BDNF has been thoroughly studied in the mammalian models, contradictory effects of its functions have been reported on several occasions. These contradictory effects may be attributed to the sheer complexity of the mammalian brain. The study of BDNF and its associated functions in a simpler vertebrate model may provide some clarity about the effects of BDNF on the neurophysiology of the brain. Keeping that in mind, this review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about the distribution of BDNF and its associated functions in the zebrafish brain. The main focus of the review is to give a comparative overview of BDNF distribution and function in zebrafish and mammals with respect to distinct life stages. We have also reviewed the regulation of bdnf gene in zebrafish and discussed its role in developmental and adult neurogenesis.
Game Changer in Soil Science. The Anthropocene in soil science and pedology.
Authors: Richter Daniel D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe venerable science of pedology, initiated in the 19thcentury as the study of the natural factors of soil formation, is adapting to the demands of the Anthropocene, the geologic time during which planet Earth and its soils are transitioning from natural to human‐natural systems. With vast areas of soils intensively managed, the future of pedology lies with a renewed science that can be called anthropedology that builds on the pedology of the past but proceeds from “human as outsider” to “human as insider.” In other words, the human in pedology must shift from being a soil‐disturbing to soil‐forming agent. Pedology is well prepared to respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene, given the decades of research on human‐soil relations throughout human history and throughout the period of the Great Acceleration (Steffenet al., [76]). However, quantitative understanding of soil responses to the diversity of human forcings remains elementary and needs remedy.
Management of polymyalgia rheumatica in older people
Authors: Leung Jessica L. , Owen Claire E. , Buchanan Russell R. C. , Liew David F. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting older people. For decades it has remained under‐researched and poorly understood, despite causing significant disability. Once thought to be a self‐limiting condition universally responsive to a limited course of prednisolone, it is now clear that most people with PMR require prolonged corticosteroids beyond two years. The cumulative burden of adverse effects from such therapy is thought to substantively contribute to reduced functionality and frailty in older patients, yet few effective alternative pharmacotherapies have been established. This review explores the latest developments regarding the effects of conventional corticosteroid treatment in PMR and the emerging potential of steroid‐sparing agents.
Obstructive sleep apnea, sleep symptoms, and their association with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Oh Melissa S. , Bliwise Donald L. , Smith Andrew L. , Collop Nancy A. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, restless legs, and other sleep symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease and the association of these sleep disorders with quantitative cardiovascular measures.MethodsStudy design was a cross‐sectional survey and retrospective chart review. A questionnaire containing validated sleep symptoms was distributed to 202 patients with cardiovascular disease at a tertiary referral cardiology clinic. Following a focused review of these patients' medical charts, their questionnaire responses were examined for associations with clinical cardiovascular parameters.ResultsTwenty‐one percent of patients reported a prior diagnosis of OSA. A total of 115 patients (60%) had at least one additional sleep symptom. Clinically significant insomnia was significantly associated with heart disease (relative risk [RR] = 1.5, confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 2.1), prior myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident (RR = 2.1, CI = 1.2 to 3.6), and heart failure (RR = 2.2, CI = 1.3 to 3.8). Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly associated with insomnia by Insomnia Severity Index (β = −0.52, CI = −0.89 to −0.13).ConclusionThe frequency of OSA in patients in this tertiary cardiology clinic was higher than the general population in the United States, with the majority of patients experiencing at least one sleep symptom. Insomnia symptoms were shown to be associated with multiple cardiovascular measures, including left ventricular ejection fraction. These findings imply an interwoven relationship between cardiovascular and sleep symptoms as captured by validated sleep questionnaires.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 130:1595–1602, 2020
Cervical VEMP tuning changes by Meniere's disease stages
Authors: Angeli Simon I. , Goncalves Stefania 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo determine if changes in cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) testing reflect the different stages of cochlea‐saccular hydrops in Meniere's disease (MD).MethodsThis is a case‐control retrospective series. Forty‐seven patients with unilateral MD by American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery diagnostic and staging criteria, and 30 with non‐MD vertigo as control. Meniere patients were further classified based on symptoms at the time of testing as active or stable. Subsequently, patients underwent cVEMP testing by tone‐burst stimuli at 500 and 1,000 Hz. The main outcome measure was to compare the cVEMP 1,000 and 500 Hz amplitude ratio in ears with MD and non‐MD vertigo, and in active versus stable MD.ResultsThe cVEMP 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio was higher in Meniere's ears (mean = 1.14 μV, SD = 0.25) than in non‐Meniere's ears (mean = 0.96 μV, SD = 0.2) (Student's t test, P = .001), and higher in active (mean = 1.22 μV, SD = 0.25) than in stable MD (mean = 1.00 μV, SD = 0.18) (P = .0035). The diagnostic value of cVEMP 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio to differentiate MD versus non‐MD vertigo was evaluated with a receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.716 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.591, 0.829]). The ideal cutoff point was 0.9435 with sensitivity and specificity values of 83% and 53%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity values for this test to differentiate active versus stable MD were 68% and 81%, respectively, with AUC 0.746 (95% CI [0.607, 0.885]) and cutoff value of 1.048. In all ears, the 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio increased by a decrease of the 500 Hz amplitude with increasing age.ConclusionThe cVEMP 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio is elevated in ears with MD but not in those with non‐MD vertigo. After corrected by age, this ratio is higher in active but not in stable MD, probably reflecting dynamic changes in saccular membrane motion mechanics in hydrops, and may be a useful marker of disease progression and the effect of therapy.Level of EvidenceIV
Laser Polymer Tattooing: A Versatile Method for Permanent Marking on Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Chang Po‐Yi , Bruntz Adèle , Vidal Loïc , Vetter Pierre‐Alain , Roudot Patrick , Bua Laurent , Ortiz Jose , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Soppera Olivier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA versatile and efficient method for the permanent marking of polymer surfaces that combines inkjet deposition and near‐infrared (NIR) laser curing is investigated. The NIR laser treatment forces the ink particles to migrate into the upper layers of the polymer. This results in the fixation of a permanent grayscale image that can be applied to various polymers, such as polypropylene, which is widely used in industry but still difficult to mark. The physiochemical processes induced by laser curing are investigated by electronic and optical microscopy. The dependence of the thickness of the deposited ink and the laser power on the contrast of marking are also studied. A mechanism implying fast laser‐induced melting of the polymer surface followed by displacement of carbon nanoparticles by convection is proposed. Finally, a comparison of the aging properties of samples prepared by this process and standard UV ink is proposed to illustrate the interesting nature of this new polymer marking process. Integrating the ink under the surface of the polymer, as in a skin tattooing procedure, by laser curing is an efficient way to generate permanent images on polymer surfaces.
Propagation Kinetics of Isoprene Radical Homopolymerization Derived from Pulsed Laser Initiated Polymerizations
Authors: van Büren Brian , Brandl Florian , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe propagation kinetics of isoprene radical polymerizations in bulk and in solution are investigated via pulsed laser initiated polymerizations and subsequent polymer analyses via size‐exclusion chromatography, the PLP‐SEC method. Because of low polymerization rate and high volatility of isoprene, the polymerizations are carried out at elevated pressure ranging from 134 to 1320 bar. The temperatures are varied between 55 and 105 °C. PLP‐SEC yields activation parameters of kp (Arrhenius parameters and activation volume) over a wide temperature and pressure range that allow for the calculation of kp at technically relevant ambient pressure conditions. The kp values determined are very low, e.g., 99 L mol−1 s−1 at 50 °C, which is even lower than the corresponding value for styrene polymerizations. The presence of a polar solvent results in a slight increase of kp compared to the bulk system. The kp values reported are important for determining rate coefficients of other elemental reactions from coupled parameters as well as for modeling isoprene free‐radical polymerizations and reversible deactivation radical polymerization with respect to tailored polymer properties and optimizing the polymerization processes.
Inversion recovery UTE based volumetric myelin imaging in human brain using interleaved hybrid encoding
Authors: Jang Hyungseok , Ma Yajun , Searleman Adam C. , Carl Michael , Corey‐Bloom Jody , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang 
Published: September 2019

PurposeDirect myelin imaging can improve the characterization of myelin‐related diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this study, we explore a novel method to directly image myelin using inversion recovery‐prepared hybrid encoding (IR‐HE) UTE MRI.MethodsThe IR‐HE sequence uses an adiabatic inversion pulse to suppress the long T2 white matter signal, followed by 3D dual‐echo HE utilizing both single point imaging and radial frequency encoding, for which the subtraction image between 2 echoes reveals the myelin signal with high contrast. To reduce scan time, it is common to obtain multiple spokes per IR. Here, we invented a novel method to improve the HE, adapted for the multi‐spoke IR imaging—termed interleaved HE—for which single point imaging encoding is interleaved between radial frequency encodings near nulling point to allow more efficient IR‐signal suppression. To evaluate the proposed approach, a computer simulation, myelin phantom experiment, an ex vivo experiment with a cadaveric multiple sclerosis brain, and an in vivo experiment with 8 healthy volunteers and 13 multiple sclerosis patients were performed.ResultsThe computer simulation showed that IR‐interleaved HE allows for improved contrast of myelin signal with reduced imaging artifacts. The myelin phantom experiment showed IR‐interleaved HE allows direct imaging of myelin lipid with excellent suppression of water signal. In the ex vivo and in vivo experiments, the proposed method demonstrated highly specific imaging of myelin in white matter of the brain.ConclusionIR‐interleaved HE allows for time‐efficient, high‐contrast direct myelin imaging and can detect demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis patients.
Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for neuromuscular diseases. Part II: New and novel agents
Authors: Farmakidis Constantine , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Pasnoor Mamatha , Barohn Richard J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile traditional immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies remain the cornerstone of immune‐mediated neuromuscular disease management, new and novel agents including antigen‐specific, monoclonal antibody drugs, have emerged as important treatment options. This article is the second of a two‐part series that reviews immune‐based therapies in neuromuscular diseases. The first article provides an update on the use of traditional immune‐based therapies such as corticosteroids, plasma exchange, steroid‐sparing immunosuppressive drugs, and intravenous immunoglobulin G. This second article focuses on new and novel immune‐based therapies, including eculizumab, a complement inhibitor approved for acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis; rituximab, a B‐cell depletion therapy with evolving indications in neuromuscular diseases; and the subcutaneous formulation of immunoglobulin G that gained approval for use in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in 2018. Finally, several novel antigen‐specific drugs at different stages of investigation in neuromuscular disease are also reviewed.
Numerical Simulation of Plasma‐Propellant Interaction Under the Non‐Fourier Model
Authors: He Huizhi , Zhang Xiaobing , Zhang Xiao‐He 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to the signicant characteristics of shorter and more reproducible ignition delay, plasma ignition becomes one of the key technologies of electrothermal‐chemical (ETC) propulsion. Plasma ignition is a complex heat transfer process, characterized by high temperature, high pressure, micro‐scale and extremely short duration. Under such extreme conditions, the assumption that the propagation speed of thermal disturbance is infinite in Fourier's law is no longer applicable. As such, for accurate prediction the non‐Fourier model with dual‐phase‐lag (DPL) is adopted to describe the interaction process between the plasma and the propellant. The temperature history of propellant is obtained by Dufort‐frankel numerical difference method. The numerical results obtained by DPL model are compared with the results by the Fourier model and Cattaneo‐Vernotte (C−V) model, it shows that the DPL model occupies preferable prediction performance. Additionally, the effects of plasma temperature, particle radius and absorber thickness on ignition delay are discussed. It finds that the ignition delay decreases with the increase of plasma temperature, increases with the increase of particle radius, and increases with the increase of absorber thickness. The numerical results based on DPL model are verified by the experimental results as well.
Surface and Interface Engineering: Molybdenum Carbide–Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Ge Riyue , Huo Juanjuan , Sun Mingjie , Zhu Mingyuan , Li Ying , Chou Shulei , Li Wenxian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (MoxC)‐based nanomaterials have shown competitive performances for energy conversion applications based on their unique physicochemical properties. A large surface area and proper surface atomic configuration are essential to explore potentiality of MoxC in electrochemical applications. Although considerable efforts are made on the development of advanced MoxC‐based catalysts for energy conversion with high efficiency and stability, some urgent issues, such as low electronic conductivity, low catalytic efficiency, and structural instability, have to be resolved in accordance with their application environments. Surface and interface engineering have shown bright prospects to construct highly efficient MoxC‐based electrocatalysts for energy conversion including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. In this Review, the recent progresses in terms of surface and interface engineering of MoxC‐based electrocatalytic materials are summarized, including the increased number of active sites by decreasing the particle size or introducing porous or hierarchical structures and surface modification by introducing heteroatom(s), defects, carbon materials, and others electronic conductive species. Finally, the challenges and prospects for energy conversion on MoxC‐based nanomaterials are discussed in terms of key performance parameters for the catalytic performance.
Phosphorus Incorporation into Co9S8 Nanocages for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Cai Lejuan , Wang Yang , Guo Xuyun , Ma Sainan , Zhu Ye , Tsang Yuen Hong , Zheng Zijian , Zheng Renkui , Chai Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe improvement of activity of electrocatalysts lies in the increment of the density of active sites or the enhancement of intrinsic activity of each active site. A common strategy to realize dual active sites is the use of bimetal compound catalysts, where each metal atom contributes one active site. In this work, a new concept is presented to realize dual active sites with tunable electron densities in monometal compound catalysts. Dual Co2+ tetrahedral (Co2+(Td)) and Co3+ octahedral (Co3+(Oh)) coordination active sites are developed and adjustable electron densities on the Co2+(Td) and Co3+(Oh) are further achieved by phosphorus incorporation (P‐Co9S8). The experimental results and density functional theory calculations show that the nonmetal P doping can systematically modulate charge density of Co2+(Td) and Co3+(Oh) in P‐Co9S8 and simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity of Co9S8, which substantially enhances oxygen evolution reaction performance of P‐Co9S8.
Development and validation of a quality by design enabled robust LC method for estimation of daptomycin in pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , Bera Ravi Kumar Venkata Varaha , Pradhan Swati Swagatika 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple and new validated liquid chromatography method with stability‐indicating potential was established for quantifying daptomycin in formulations using a quality by design approach. Analytical target profile establishment and earmarking critical analytical attributes helped to control the method performance. Further, the control strategies for critical method variables were defined as per method intent. Youden's robustness test was applied with the dual intent of defining control strategies and evaluating method robustness for continuous method improvement. Chromatography for the purpose constituted of methanol: water (pH 3.5 maintained by o‐phosphoric acid), 90:10, v/v as mobile phase flowing at 1.2 mL/min on a C18 column. Photodiode array detector provided the best results at 367 nm. Results for parameters viz. linearity (5‐200 µg/mL), accuracy (> 99%) and precision (< 1%) advocated method reliability. The detection (2.5 µg/mL) and quantitation limits (5 µg/mL) were quite in agreement with method need. In a nutshell, the hyphenation of Youden's test with quality by design approach ensured the development of a reliable chromatography method for routine estimation of daptomycin throughout its product lifecycle.