bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver‐mediated joint attention intervention
Authors: Hansen Sarah G. , Raulston Tracy J. , Machalicek Wendy , Frantz Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

Joint attention is a pivotal social communication skill often absent or impaired in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Joint attention is the shared and alternating attention of two individuals on an object or event, and has implications for later communication and social communication skills. This study used a concurrent multiple‐baseline design across 3 caregiver–child dyads to train caregivers to teach response to joint attention behaviors to their 3–6 years old children with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. Caregivers were trained on strategies including prompting, time delay, and elements of naturalistic teaching and implemented the intervention in brief 10‐min sessions 2–3 times per week. Results indicate parent mastery of intervention and substantial increase in child response to joint attention behaviors both prompted and independent. Implications for practice and areas for future research are discussed.
Role of radiation therapy in primary breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the Rituximab era: a SEER database analysis
Authors: Liu Pan‐pan , Wang Ke‐feng , Jin Jie‐tian , Bi Xi‐wen , Sun Peng , Wang Yu , Yang Hang , Li Zhi‐ming , Jiang Wen‐qi , Xia Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrimary breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL) is an uncommon extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which was traditionally treated with anthracycline‐containing regimens followed by consolidative radiation therapy (RT) to add therapeutic benefits. The introduction of anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab for the treatment of B‐cell NHLs has significantly improved the clinical outcome of these malignant diseases. It is unclear, however, whether consolidative RT could still add therapeutic benefits for PB‐DLBCL patients treated with rituximab. To answer this important question, we used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate the impact of RT on the clinical outcomes of PB‐DLBCL patients in the rituximab era. Information on patient age, year of diagnosis, stage, race, laterality, and RT status for PB‐DLBCL patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 were extracted. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted, and log‐rank test was used to compare the potential survival difference. Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model was employed to determine the impact of RT and other factors such as age, race, tumor laterality, stage, and year of diagnosis on survival. Among the 386 patients identified, the median follow‐up time was 45 months (range, 0–167 months); the median age was 64 years (range, 19–93 years); 33.9% of the patients were younger than 60 years of age; 69.9% of the patients were stage I; 79.0% were white; 51.8% received RT. The 5‐year OS and cause‐specific survival (CSS) for the whole cohort were 72.3% and 82.5%, respectively. The 5‐year OS was significantly superior for patients who received RT compared to those who did not receive RT (78.1% vs. 66.0%, P = 0.031). In multivariable analysis, RT remained significantly associated with improved OS (P = 0.026). In summary, our study suggests that RT still adds significant therapeutic benefits for patients with PB‐DLCBL in the rituximab era.
Antibiotic‐mediated bacteriome depletion in ApcMin/+ mice is associated with reduction in mucus‐producing goblet cells and increased colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Kaur Kamaljeet , Saxena Arpit , Debnath Irina , O'Brien Jacqueline L. , Ajami Nadim J. , Auchtung Thomas A. , Petrosino Joseph F. , Sougiannis Alexander‐Jacques , Depaep Sarah , Chumanevich Alexander , Gummadidala Phani M. , Omebeyinje Mayomi H. , Banerjee Sourav , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Chakraborty Paramita , Fayad Raja , Berger Franklin G. , Carson James A. , Chanda Anindya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to antibiotics in early‐to‐middle adulthood is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. However, mechanistic studies in established preclinical cancer to examine these claims are extremely limited. Therefore, we investigated the effect of long‐term exposure of an antibiotic cocktail composed of Vancomycin, Neomycin, and Streptomycin, on tumor development and progression in the ApcMin/+ mouse, an established genetic model for familial adenomatous polyposis. Clinical pathologies related to tumor development as well as intestinal and colon tissue histopathology were studied at ages 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age, which correspond to the approximate ages of development of neoplasia, gut inflammation with polyposis, and cancer progression, respectively, in this animal model. We show that the antibiotics significantly increase the severity of clinical symptoms, including effects on intestinal histology and goblet cell numbers. In addition, they promote small intestinal polyposis. Finally, metagenomic analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that antibiotic exposure is associated with a significant but nonuniform depletion of the animal's natural gut flora. Overall, these findings support the premise that long‐term antibiotic exposure mediates the selected depletion of gut microbial communities and the concomitant thinning of the protective mucus layer, resulting in an increase in tumor development.
Selective Imaging of Lipids in Adipocytes by Using an Imidazolyl Derivative of Perylene Bisimide
Authors: Mishra Ruchika , Mushtaq Zeeshan , Regar Ramprasad , Mallik Bhagaban , Kumar Vimlesh , Sankar Jeyaraman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA small molecule, perylene bisimide imidazolyl derivative (PBI‐ID), has been identified and developed as a specific marker for labelling multifunctional fat bodies in various organisms, including Drosophila and mammalian adipocytes. Interestingly, PBI‐ID neither labels the plasma membranes nor cell nuclei by trapping into it. A remarkable feature of unbound PBI‐ID is diminished fluorescence, which reduces the background emission noise, while contrasting the bound state effectively.
De novo tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis is impaired in the inflammed striatum of parkin(−/−) mice
Authors: de Paula Martins Roberta , Glaser Viviane , Aguiar Jr Aderbal S. , de Paula Ferreira Priscila Maximiliano , Ghisoni Karina , da Luz Scheffer Débora , Lanfumey Laurence , Raisman‐Vozari Rita , Corti Olga , De Paul Ana Lucia , da Silva Rodrigo Augusto , Latini Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD), the second‐most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, is primarily characterized by neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in motor impairment. Loss‐of‐function mutations in parkin are the major cause of the early onset familial form of the disease. Although rodents deficient in parkin (parkin(−/−)) have some dopaminergic system dysfunction associated with central oxidative stress and energy metabolism deficiencies, these animals only display nigrostriatal pathway degeneration under inflammatory conditions. This study investigated the impact of the inflammatory stimulus induced by lypopolisaccharide (LPS) on tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesizing enzymes (de novo and salvage pathways), since this cofactor is essential for dopamine synthesis. The mitochondrial content and architecture was investigated in the striatum of LPS‐exposed parkin(−/−) mice. As expected, the LPS (0.33 mg/kg; i.p.) challenge compromised spontaneous locomotion and social interaction with juvenile parkin(−/−) and WT mice. Moreover, the genotype impacted the kinetics of the investigation of the juvenile. The inflammatory scenario did not induce apparent changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure; however, it increased the quantity of mitochondria, which were of smaller size, and provoked the perinuclear distribution of the organelle. Furthermore, the BH4 de novo biosynthetic pathway failed to be up‐regulated in the LPS challenge, a well‐known stimulus for its activation. The LPS treatment increased sepiapterin reductase (SPR) expression, suggesting compensation by the salvage pathway. This might indicate that dopamine synthesis is compromised in parkin(−/−) mice under inflammatory conditions. Finally, this scenario impaired the striatal expression of the transcription factor BDNF, possibly favoring cell death.
Recent Advances in Liquid Metal Manipulation toward Soft Robotics and Biotechnologies
Authors: Yu Yue , Miyako Eijiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInterest has grown significantly in the field of soft robotics, which seeks to develop machinery capable of duplicating the elastic and rheological properties of typically polymeric or elastomeric biological tissues and organs. As a result of a number of unique properties, gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are emerging as materials used in the forefront of soft robotics research. Finding methods to enable the sophisticated manipulation of LMs will be essential for further progress in the field. This review provides a critical discussion of the manipulation of LMs and on important biotechnological applications of LMs including microfluidics, healthcare devices, biomaterials, and nanomedicines.
Synthetic Approaches to Tetracyclic Indolines as Versatile Building Blocks of Diverse Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Yanshi , Xie Fukai , Lin Bin , Cheng Maosheng , Liu Yongxiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndole alkaloids bearing the tetracyclic indoline scaffolds of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]carbazole have shown fascinating chemical diversity and significant biological activities. The development of efficient synthetic methodologies for such a tetracyclic scaffold remains highly desirable in both synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. This review outlines key strategies for the construction of the tetracyclic indoline scaffolds in total syntheses of many indole alkaloids. The key strategies include nucleophilic additions, Diels–Alder reactions, radical cyclizations, and palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions. The representative examples and their applications in the total syntheses are described here and discussed in depth.
Dynamic Ureas with Fast and pH‐Independent Hydrolytic Kinetics
Authors: Cai Kaimin , Ying Hanze , Cheng Jianjun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLow cost, high performance hydrolysable polymers are of great importance in biomedical applications and materials industries. While many applications require materials to have a degradation profile insensitive to external pH to achieve consistent release profiles under varying conditions, hydrolysable chemistry techniques developed so far have pH‐dependent hydrolytic kinetics. This work reports the design and synthesis of a new type of hydrolysable polymer that has identical hydrolysis kinetics from pH 3 to 11. The unprecedented pH independent hydrolytic kinetics of the aryl ureas were shown to be related to the dynamic bond dissociation controlled hydrolysis mechanism; the resulting hindered poly(aryl urea) can be degraded with a hydrolysis half‐life of 10 min in solution. More importantly, these fast degradable hindered aromatic polyureas can be easily prepared by addition polymerization from commercially available monomers and are resistant to hydrolysis in solid form for months under ambient storage conditions. The combined features of good stability in solid state and fast hydrolysis at various pH values is unprecedented in polyurea material, and will have implications for materials design and applications, such as sacrificial coatings and biomaterials.
Structure‐retention relationship for enantioseparation of selected fluoroquinolones
Authors: Hassan Rasha M. , Yehia Ali M. , Saleh Ola A. , El‐Azzouny Aida A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFluoroquinolones are popular class of antibiotics with distinct chemical functionality. Most of them are ampholytes with one chiral center. Stereogeneic center is located either in the side ring of Gatifloxacin (GFLX) or in the quinolone core of Ofloxacin (OFLX). These two amphoteric fluoroquinolones have terminal amino groups in common. The unusual Nadifloxacin (NFLX) is an acidic fluoroquinolone with a core chiral center. Owing to chirality and functionality differences among GFLX, OFLX, and NFLX, we mapped these enantiomers onto structure‐retention relationship. Amount of acetic acid modifier was studied in screened mobile phase and cellulose tris(3‐chloro‐4‐methyl phenyl carbamate) (Lux cellulose‐2) stationary phase. Experimental design of acetic acid% along with column temperature have been applied. Resolution and enantioselectivity have been related to structural features of the studied enantiomers. High amount of acid (0.4%) was optimum for the separation of either side chirality with a proximate amino group (GFLX) or core chirality without basic functionality (NFLX), while low amount (0.2%) is optimum for core chiral center with distal amino group (OFLX). Temperature has no significant effect on resolution and retention of enantiomers except for OFLX. Enantio‐retention explains possible chiral selective and nonselective interactions. The proposed methods have been validated for pharmaceutical analyses.
Results of a lay health education intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening among Filipino Americans: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cuaresma Charlene F. , Sy Angela U. , Nguyen Tung T. , Ho Reginald C. S. , Gildengorin Ginny L. , Tsoh Janice Y. , Jo Angela M. , Tong Elisa K. , Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie , Stewart Susan L. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDFilipino colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates fall below Healthy People 2020 goals. In this study, the authors explore whether a lay health educator (LHE) approach can increase CRC screening among Filipino Americans ages 50 to 75 years in Hawai‘i.METHODSA cluster randomized controlled trial from 2012 through 2015 compared an intervention, which consisted of LHEs delivering 2 education sessions and 2 telephone follow‐up calls on CRC screening plus a CRC brochure versus an attention control, in which 2 lectures and 2 follow‐up calls on nutrition and physical activity plus a CRC brochure were provided. The primary outcome was change in self‐reported ever receipt of CRC screening at 6 months.RESULTSAmong 304 participants (77% women, 86% had > 10 years of residence in the United States), the proportion of participants who reported ever having received CRC screening increased significantly in the intervention group (from 80% to 89%; P = .0003), but not in the control group (from 73% to 74%; P = .60). After covariate adjustment, there was a significant intervention effect (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0‐3.5). There was no intervention effect on up‐to‐date screening.CONCLUSIONSThis first randomized controlled trial for CRC screening among Hawai‘i's Filipinos used an LHE intervention with mixed, but promising, results. Cancer 2018;124:1535‐42. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Colorectal cancer beliefs, knowledge, and screening among Filipino, Hmong, and Korean Americans
Authors: Tran Mi T. , Jeong Matthew B. , Nguyen Vickie V. , Sharp Michael T. , Yu Edgar P. , Yu Filmer , Tong Elisa K. , Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie , Cuaresma Charlene F. , Sy Angela U. , Tsoh Janice Y. , Gildengorin Ginny L. , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, there are few studies to date regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) beliefs, knowledge, and screening among multiple Asian American populations, who are reported to have lower CRC screening rates compared with white individuals. The current study was performed to assess knowledge and beliefs regarding the causes of CRC, its prevention, and factors associated with CRC screening among 3 Asian American groups.METHODSThe authors conducted an in‐language survey with Filipino (Honolulu, Hawaii), Hmong (Sacramento, California), and Korean (Los Angeles, California) Americans aged 50 to 75 years who were sampled through social networks. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with CRC screening.RESULTSThe sample of 981 participants was 78.3% female and 73.8% reported limited proficiency in English. Few of the participants were aware that age (17.7%) or family history (36.3%) were risk factors for CRC; 6.2% believed fate caused CRC. Only 46.4% of participants knew that screening prevented CRC (74.3% of Filipino, 10.6% of Hmong, and 55.8% of Korean participants; P<.001). Approximately two‐thirds of participants reported ever having undergone CRC screening (76.0% of Filipino, 72.0% of Hmong, and 51.4% of Korean participants; P<.001) and 48.6% were up to date for screening (62.2% of Filipino, 43.8% of Hmong, and 41.4% of Korean participants; P<.001). Factors found to be significantly associated with ever screening were being Korean (compared with Filipino), having a family history of CRC, having health insurance or a regular source of health care, and knowing that a fatty diet caused CRC. Believing that fate caused CRC and that praying prevented it were found to be negatively associated with ever screening. Factors associated with being up to date for CRC screening included being born in the United States, having a family history of CRC, and having access to health care.CONCLUSIONSKnowledge regarding the causes of CRC and its prevention among Filipino, Hmong, and Korean individuals is low. However, health care access, not knowledge or beliefs, was found to be a key determinant of CRC screening. Cancer 2018;124:1552‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Perspectives of Chinese American smoker and nonsmoker household pairs about the creating smokefree living together program
Authors: Saw Anne , Paterniti Debora A. , Fung Lei‐Chun , Tsoh Janice Y. , Tong Elisa K. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDChinese men smoke at high rates, and this puts household members at risk for tobacco‐related diseases. Culturally responsive interventions that provide education and support are needed to promote smokefree living and reduce smoke exposure, particularly for US immigrants who experience changes in smokefree social norms. This qualitative study examines perspectives of Chinese American smoker and nonsmoker household pairs in the Creating Smokefree Living Together program.METHODSFour focus groups were conducted with 30 Chinese American participants (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) who, in household pairs, completed smokefree education interventions of either brief or moderate intensity. Nearly three‐quarters of the smokers continued to smoke after the intervention at the time of focus group participation. All smokers were male, and most household nonsmokers were female spouses. All participants had limited English proficiency. Focus group meetings were recorded, and the recordings were translated and transcribed. Transcripts and field notes were thematically analyzed.RESULTSThe following themes, shared by smokers and nonsmokers across interventions, were identified: 1) there was a preference for dyadic and group interventions because of the support offered, 2) increased knowledge of the health harms of smoke exposure within a pair improved the nonsmoker's support for smokefree living, 3) learning communication strategies improved household relationships and assertiveness for smokefree environments, 4) biochemical feedback was useful but had short‐term effects, and 5) project magnets provided cues to action.CONCLUSIONSInvolving household partners is critical to smokefree interventions. Simple reminders at home appear to be more powerful than personal biochemical feedback of smoke exposure for sustaining motivation and engagement in ongoing behavioral changes within the household. Cancer 2018;124:1599‐606. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of aerobic training in pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scott Jessica M. , Iyengar Neil M. , Nilsen Tormod S. , Michalski Meghan , Thomas Samantha M. , Herndon James , Sasso John , Yu Anthony , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Dang Chau T. , Comen Elizabeth A. , Dickler Maura N. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Jones Lee W. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe investigation of exercise training in metastatic breast cancer has received minimal attention. This study determined the feasibility and safety of aerobic training in metastatic breast cancer.METHODSSixty‐five women (age, 21‐80 years) with metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer (57% were receiving chemotherapy, and >40% had ≥ 2 lines of prior therapy) were allocated to an aerobic training group (n = 33) or a stretching group (n = 32). Aerobic training consisted of 36 supervised treadmill walking sessions delivered thrice weekly between 55% and 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for 12 consecutive weeks. Stretching was matched to aerobic training with respect to location, frequency, duration, and intervention length. The primary endpoint was aerobic training feasibility, which was a priori defined as the lost to follow‐up (LTF) rate (<20%) and attendance (≥70%). Secondary endpoints were safety, objective outcomes (VO2peak and functional capacity), and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs; quality of life).RESULTSOne of the 33 patients (3%) receiving aerobic training was LTF, whereas the mean attendance rate was 63% ± 30%. The rates of permanent discontinuation and dose modification were 27% and 49%, respectively. Intention‐to‐treat analyses indicated improvements in PROs, which favored the attention control group (P values > .05). Per protocol analyses indicated that 14 of 33 patients (42%) receiving aerobic training had acceptable tolerability (relative dose intensity ≥ 70%), and this led to improvements in VO2peak and functional capacity (P values < .05).CONCLUSIONSAerobic training at the dose and schedule tested is safe but not feasible for a significant proportion of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The acceptable feasibility and promising benefit for select patients warrant further evaluation in a dose‐finding phase 1/2 study. Cancer 2018;124:2552‐60. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic importance of lymphovascular invasion in urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis
Authors: Danzig Matthew R. , Mallin Katherine , McKiernan James M. , Stadler Walter M. , Sridhar Srikala S. , Morgan Todd M. , Bochner Bernard H. , Lee Cheryl T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to assess the impact of lymphovascular invasion on the survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis.METHODSPatients with urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis who underwent radical nephroureterectomy from 2010 through 2015 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Patients were characterized according to demographic and clinical factors, including pathologic tumor stage and lymphovascular invasion. Associations with overall survival were assessed through proportional hazards regression analysis.RESULTSA total of 4177 patients were identified; 1576 had lymphovascular invasion. Patients with T3 disease and lymphovascular invasion had 5‐year survival that was significantly worse than that of patients with T3 disease without lymphovascular invasion (34.7% vs 52.6; P < .001 by the log‐rank test), and approached that of patients with T4 disease without lymphovascular invasion (34.7% vs 26.5%; P = .002). On multivariate analysis controlling for age, comorbidities, grade, lymph node status, surgical margin status, race, sex, and chemotherapy administration, patients with T3 disease and lymphovascular invasion also were found to have significantly worse survival compared with patients with T3 disease without lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4‐1.91).CONCLUSIONSLymphovascular invasion status is a key prognostic marker that can stratify the risk of patients with pT3 upper tract urothelial carcinoma further. Patients with this pathologic feature should be carefully considered for clinical trials exploring existing and novel therapies. Cancer 2018;124:2507‐14. © 2018 American Cancer Society.