bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behavior of Octahedral and Octet Structures Produced From CLIP Technology
Authors: Calise Gian J. , Saigal Anil 
Published: January 2019

This research concerns the production of mechanical metamaterials by a new means of additive manufacturing (AM). Mechanical metamaterials are man-made materials in which the mechanical properties are defined mainly by their structures rather than the properties of each material component. They are typically cellular lattice structures consisting of various arrangements of interconnected webs and struts. These metamaterials have a wide range of applications, but due to a recent breakthrough technology in the field of AM developed by Carbon, called Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP), they can now be produced with ease at substantially higher speeds on a large scale. Using the CLIP process, Adidas is now utilizing these metamaterials in the midsoles of their new athletic shoes. More information about the mechanical response of parts produced by CLIP was needed to assess their relevance in this application.
The goal of this research was to quantitatively determine the isotropy of octahedral and octet lattice structures produced from CLIP technology. Carbon claims that CLIP technology, unlike most other AM processes, produces parts that are isotropic. This means parts will have the same mechanical properties regardless of the direction of applied load. This claim has yet to be proven on lattice structures like the octahedral and octet structures. Those particular lattice structures are popular in the field of mechanical metamaterials because they are more structurally efficient than foams that are made of the same material with similar densities. The degree of isotropy of samples was measured by comparing values of various mechanical properties. These properties include Young’s modulus, a common measure of elasticity, and peak stress, a common measure of strength. Results indicated relatively isotropic behavior because mechanical properties varied based on the axis of compression by 6.5%, on average. The physical responses and failure mechanisms were also consistent.
Supply Air Temperature Prediction in an Air-Handling Unit Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Sukthankar Nikita , Walekar Abhishek , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: January 2019

Continuous provision of quality supply air to data center’s IT pod room is a key parameter in ensuring effective data center operation without any down time. Due to number of possible operating conditions and non-linear relations between operating parameters make the working mechanism of data center difficult to optimize energy use. At present industries are using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate thermal behaviour for all types of operating conditions. The focus of this study is to predict Supply Air Temperature using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which can overcome limitations of CFD such as high cost, need of an expertise and large computation time.
For developing ANN, input parameters, number of neurons and hidden layers, activation function and the period of training data set were studied. A commercial CFD software package 6sigma room is used to develop a modular data center consisting of an IT pod room and an air-handling unit. CFD analysis is carried out for different outside air conditions. Historical weather data of 1 year was considered as an input for CFD analysis. The ANN model is “trained” using data generated from these CFD results. The predictions of ANN model and the results of CFD analysis for a set of example scenarios were compared to measure the agreement between the two.
The results show that the prediction of ANN model is much faster than full computational fluid dynamics simulations with good prediction accuracy. This demonstrates that ANN is an effective way for predicting the performance of an air handling unit.
Accelerated Degradation Testing of Rigid Wet Cooling Media to Analyse the Impact of Calcium Scaling
Authors: Dakshinamurthy Hemanth N. , Siddarth Ashwin , Guhe Abhishek , Kasukurthy Rajesh , Hoverson James , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: January 2019

Rigid wet cooling media is a key component of direct and indirect evaporative cooling systems. Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state. When water evaporates only water molecules get evaporated and the other chemicals in the water are left behind on the surface as residue. Many studies have been conducted on how the change in air flow velocity, media depth, porosity and water distribution affect performance of the cooling system. The operational efficiency of the cooling media varies over its life cycle and depends primarily on temperature and speed of inlet air, water distribution system, type of pad and dimension of the pad.
Although evaporative cooling when implemented with air-side economization enables efficiency gains, a trade-off between the system maintenance and its operational efficiency exists. In this study, the primary objective is to determine how calcium scale affects the overall performance of the cooling pad and the water system. Areas of the pad that are not wetted effectively allow air to pass through without being cooled and the edges between wetted and dry surface establish sites for scale formation. An Accelerated Degradation Testing (ADT) by rapid wetting and drying on the media pads at elevated levels of calcium is designed and conducted on the cellulose wet cooling media pad. This research focuses on monitoring the degradation that occurs over its usage and establish a key maintenance parameter for water used in media pad.
As a novel study, preliminary tests were mandatory because there were no established standards for media pad degradation testing. Sump water conductivity is identified as the key maintenance parameter for monitoring sump replenishing and draining cycles which will result in reduced water usage. The average water conductivity in the sump during wetting cycles increases monotonically when ADT was performed on a new media pad. An empirical relationship between sump water conductivity and number of wetting cycles is proposed. This information will be very helpful for the manufacturers to guide their customers for maintenance of the media pad and sump water drain cycles.
Failure Mechanism of Cementitious Nanocomposites Reinforced by Multi-Walled and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Under Splitting Tensile Test
Authors: Jazaei Robabeh , Karakouzian Moses , O’Toole Brendan , Moon Jaeyun , Gharehdaghi Samad 
Published: January 2019

Sudden concrete failure is due to inelastic deformations of concrete subjected to tension. However, synthesizing nanomaterials reinforcements has significant impact on cement-based composites failure mechanism. Nanomaterials morphology bridges cement crystals as homogeneous and ductile matrix.
In this experiment, cement matrix with water to cement ratio of 0.5 reinforced by 0.2–0.6 wt% of functionalized (COOH group) multi-walled and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used. After sonication of carbon nanotubes in water solution for an hour, the cementitious nanocomposites were casted in cylindrical molds (25 mm diameter and 50 mm height). Failure mechanism of cementitious nanocomposite showed considerable ductility throughout splitting tensile test compared to cement mortar. Additionally, the failure pattern after developing the initial crack provided additional time before ultimate failure occurred in cement-based nanocomposites. The evolution of crack propagation was assessed until ultimate specimen failure during splitting-tensile test on cementitious nanocomposite surface. The deformation of cross section from circle to oval shape augmented tensile strength by 50% in cementitious nanocomposite compared to conventional cement mortar.
Pilot Scale Experimental Study of Slug Flow Phenomena Using PID Control
Authors: McClung Jeffery W. , Schmidt Daniel S. , Staal Derek W. , Behl Mark V. , Tyagi Mayank 
Published: January 2019

Slug flow is a major problem to the structural integrity and production equipment in offshore production platforms. Pressure oscillations due to the alternation of liquid and gas phases in slug flow regime can cause fatigue on the structural components of the platform. Also, the intermittent high flow rates can cause adverse effects on the production equipment.
A 28-foot pilot scale model was constructed to simulate the riser on offshore platforms. Three pressure sensors were attached to the model to monitor and record pressures in the riser during operations. A PID control strategy was utilized to regulate the pressure oscillations in the system by use of a linear actuated valve. Similarity between the pressure signals in the pilot scale model is qualitative when compared to actual pressures observed in an offshore riser system. A MATLAB® GUI was designed to allow for manipulation of the valve and allow for instant graphing of data for real time visualization of the pressure signals.
Pressure oscillations during slug flow with “no control” vary greatly and result in natural vibrations of the designed system. By pinching down on the choke valve to a designated opening, the back pressure in the riser increased, thereby slowing down the liquid slugs. However, an increase in the magnitude of the higher frequency oscillations can have adverse effects on the system. With the implementation of an active control, such as a linear actuated valve, a better control of back pressure on the riser and reduction in the magnitude of the higher frequency oscillations on the system is achieved.
Design of a Robust Yaw Rate Controller Using Sliding Mode Control and Extended State Observer for Navigation of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle
Authors: Borate Suraj Shamrao , Sahoo Shubhashisa , Baby Devika K. , Subramanian Shankar C. , Mangrulkar Kiran K. 
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with tracking of desired yaw rate generated by the path planner of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, changes in operating conditions and parametric uncertainties. A mathematical model considering the dynamics of the test vehicle and the steering actuator was used for controller design. The estimate of the unknown part of dynamics, called the total disturbance, obtained from the Extended State Observer (ESO) was used by Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) to compensate the actual total disturbance. It was observed that the lower bound on the SMC switching gain depends on the ratio of total disturbance estimation error and assumed known part of the system dynamics. This allows the choice of a low value of SMC switching gain, which in turn resulted in reduced chattering amplitude. Further attenuation in chattering was achieved using a saturation function.
After simulating the designed controller in MATLAB-SIMULINK environment, the controller was validated in IPG: CarMaker® simulation platform over a large operating range by changing the mass distribution of the vehicle, speed of the vehicle, cornering stiffness of the tire and terrain friction coefficient. A look-up table was formulated for the maximum achievable yaw rate at different speeds, i.e., from 5 to 20 m/s, given the maximum steering angle input considering rollover and slip threshold while the terrain friction coefficient was also varied from 0.2 to 0.8. It was observed that the designed controller was robust to changes in operating conditions, parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics.
Comparing Fish-Inspired Ram Filters for Collection of Harmful Algae
Authors: Marshall Lauren , Schroeder Adam , Trease Brian 
Published: January 2019

In this work, several different bioinspired filter geometries are proposed, fabricated, and tested in a flow tank. A novel approach is explored that mimics how filter-feeding fish efficiently remove small food particles from water. These filters generally take the form of a cone with water entering the large end of the cone and exiting through mesh-covered slots in the side of the cone, which emulates the rib structure of these filter-feeding fish. The flow in and around the filters is characterized and their ability to collect algae-scale, neutrally-buoyant particles is evaluated.
Filter performance is evaluated by using image processing to count the number of particles collected and studying how the particles are deposited on the filter. Results are presented in the form of particle collection efficiencies, which is a ratio of particles collected to the particles that would nominally enter the filter inlet, and images of the fluorescent particles deposited on the filter at different time intervals. The results show little sensitivity to the filters’ inlet geometries, which was the major difference between filters tested. Comparative results are also presented from a 2D CFD model of the filters generated in COMSOL. The different geometries may differentiate themselves more at larger Reynolds numbers, and it is believed that a fluid exit ratio, or ratio of inlet area to exit area, is the most critical filter parameter.
Field testing has demonstrated collection of real algae (i) with this bioinspired filter, and (ii) from a robot platform, but using a more conventional plankton net. The larger vision is to develop these filters and mount them on a swarm of autonomous surface vehicles, i.e. a robot boat swarm, which is being developed in parallel.
Subacromial decompression surgery for adults with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Lähdeoja Tuomas , Karjalainen Teemu , Jokihaara Jarkko , Salamh Paul , Kavaja Lauri , Agarwal Arnav , Winters Marinus , Buchbinder Rachelle , Guyatt Gordon , Vandvik Per Olav , Ardern Clare L 
Published: January 2019

Objective
To determine the benefits and harms of subacromial decompression surgery in adult patients with subacromial pain syndrome lasting for more than 3 months.

Design
Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Main outcome measures
Pain, physical function and health-related quality of life.

Data sources
Systematic searches for benefits and harms were conducted to 23 July 2018 in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised controlled trials comparing subacromial decompression surgery for subacromial pain syndrome with any other treatment(s). For harms, we included prospective cohort studies.

Review methods

Two reviewers independently determined eligibility, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of eligible studies. Thirty patients seeking primary or outpatient care for subacromial pain syndrome and a parallel guideline committee (
BMJ
Rapid Recommendations) provided input regarding systematic review design and interpretation.

Results
There was high certainty evidence of no additional benefit of subacromial decompression surgery over placebo surgery in reducing pain at 1 year following surgery (mean difference [MD] −0.26, 95% CI −0.84 to 0.33, minimally important difference [MID] 1.5) or improving physical function at 1–2 years (MD 2.8, 95% CI −1.4 to 6.9, MID 8.3). There was moderate certainty evidence for no additional benefit of subacromial decompression surgery on health-related quality of life at 1 year (MD −0.03 points, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.06, MID 0.07). There was moderate certainty evidence for six serious harms per 1000 (95% CI 5 to 7) patients undergoing subacromial decompression.

Conclusion
Subacromial decompression surgery provided no important benefit compared with placebo surgery or exercise therapy, and probably carries a small risk of serious harms.

Systematic reviewregistration number
CRD42018086862.
Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial: study protocol for a multicentre international trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy with low-dose inotrope infusion compared with usual care in patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Edwards Mark R , Forbes Gordon , MacDonald Neil , Berdunov Vladislav , Mihaylova Borislava , Dias Priyanthi , Thomson Ann , Grocott Michael PW , Mythen Monty G , Gillies Mike A , Sander Michael , Phan Tuong D , Evered Lisbeth , Wijeysundera Duminda N , McCluskey Stuart A , Aldecoa Cesar , Ripollés-Melchor Javier , Hofer Christoph K , Abukhudair Hussein , Szczeklik Wojciech , Grigoras Ioana , Hajjar Ludhmila A , Kahan Brennan C , Pearse Rupert M 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionPostoperative morbidity and mortality in older patients with comorbidities undergoing gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Infections after surgery are common in such patients, prolonging hospitalisation and reducing postoperative short-term and long-term survival. Optimal management of perioperative intravenous fluids and inotropic drugs may reduce infection rates and improve outcomes from surgery. Previous small trials of cardiac-output-guided haemodynamic therapy algorithms suggested a modest reduction in postoperative morbidity. A large definitive trial is needed to confirm or refute this and inform widespread clinical practice.MethodsThe Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial is a multicentre, international, parallel group, open, randomised controlled trial. 2502 high-risk patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation to minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide protocolised administration of intravenous fluid combined with low-dose inotrope infusion, or usual care. The trial intervention will be carried out during and for 4 hours after surgery. The primary outcome is postoperative infection of Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher within 30 days of randomisation. Participants and those delivering the intervention will not be blinded to treatment allocation; however, outcome assessors will be blinded when feasible. Participant recruitment started in January 2017 and is scheduled to last 3 years, within 50 hospitals worldwide.Ethics/disseminationThe OPTIMISE II trial has been approved by the UK National Research Ethics Service and has been approved by responsible ethics committees in all participating countries. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a widely accessible peer-reviewed scientific journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN39653756.
Randomised controlled trial of the impact of haemodiafiltration on uraemic neuropathy: FINESSE study protocol
Authors: Smyth Brendan , Krishnan Arun V , Gallagher Martin , Kiernan Matthew , Snelling Paul , Hawley Carmel , Fernando Mangalee , Hand Samantha , Grimley Kim , Burman Jenny , Heath Anne , Kang Amy , Perkovic Vlado , Jardine Meg J 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe majority of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) show evidence of uraemic neuropathy, a condition with no known disease-modifying treatments. The pathogenesis of uraemic neuropathy is poorly understood, but may be related to cumulative exposure to middle molecules or other solutes such as potassium. It is not known whether haemodiafiltration (HDF) reduces the progression of uraemic neuropathy.Methods and analysisFiltration In the Neuropathy of End-Stage kidney disease Symptom Evolution (FINESSE) is a multicentre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment, controlled trial designed to assess the impact of HDF versus HD on uraemic neuropathy. Maintenance HD patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive HDF or HD with high-flux membranes for 4 years. The primary endpoint is the difference in the mean change in Total Neuropathy Score (TNS)—a measure of peripheral neuropathy combining symptoms, signs and nerve conduction velocity—over the study period. Secondary outcomes include change at annual timepoints in the TNS and the Neuropathy Symptom Score; and in morbidity, mortality and safety events.Ethics and disseminationThe FINESSE trial has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Sydney South West Area Health Service (HREC/09/RPAH/268) and of Adventist HealthCare Limited (2012–027). When published in a peer-reviewed journal, it will be the largest and longest reported randomised trial aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of uraemic neuropathy. It will advance the understanding of the natural history of uraemic neuropathy and the influence of convective therapies on both neurophysiological and clinical outcomes. It will also allow refinement of current hypotheses surrounding the pathogenesis of uraemic neuropathy and, most importantly, may lead to improvements in the lives of the many patients affected by this debilitating condition.Trial registration numberACTRN12609000615280.
Efficacy and safety of different drug monotherapies for tension-type headache in adults: study protocol for a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Runsheng , Tian Jinhui , Wang Yangyang , Cai Yefeng , Li Hui 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionTension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent neurological disease, with an estimated 1.5 billion cases worldwide. Pharmacotherapy should be considered by patients with TTH who have a limited response to non-pharmacological treatment. However, recommendations for the vast array of therapeutic drugs for TTH partially overlap, with conflicting recommendations for strength in different guidelines; these may confuse the decision-making process of clinicians. Hence, the aims of this study are to analyse the available direct and indirect evidence on different drug monotherapies for TTH in adults, and to generate a treatment ranking according to their efficacy and safety outcomes by using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).Methods and analysisWe will systematically search the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and other resources for eligible studies. Randomised controlled trials on different drug monotherapies for TTH will be included. Two review authors (RX and YW) will independently search and select the studies, extract the data and assess the risk of bias. A Bayesian NMA will afterwards be conducted to pool the effect measures across all types of monotherapy drugs. The ranking probabilities of the efficacy and safety of different drug monotherapies will be estimated. Heterogeneity will be quantified using the Q statistic and the I² index. Inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence will be assessed by the node-splitting model. In addition, the overall quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are foreseen. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, which will be disseminated electronically and in print.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018090554.