bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Anticoagulation Therapy in Adults With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Miranda William R. , Ammash Naser M. , Missula Venkata R. , Jadav Raja , Najam Maria , Kothapalli Srikanth , Connolly Heidi M. 
Published: February 2019

Background

Available outcomes data for anticoagulation therapy in adults with congenital heart disease (
CHD
) provide assessment of global risk of this therapy for
CHD
patients (a heterogeneous population), but the risk of complications for the different
CHD
diagnoses is unknown. The purpose of the study was to describe the indications for anticoagulation, and the incidence and risk factors for major bleeding complication in adults with tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods and Results

We queried Mayo Adult Congenital Heart Disease (MACHD) database for tetralogy of Fallot patients (aged ≥18 years) that received anticoagulation, 1990–2017. Of 130 patients (42±14 years, 75 men [58%]), warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants were used in 125 (96%) and 5 (4%), respectively because atrial arrhythmias (n=109), mechanical prosthetic valve (n=29), intracardiac thrombus (n=4), pulmonary embolism (n=6), stroke (n=3), and perioperative anticoagulation (n=44). The median hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function; stroke; bleeding history or predisposition; labile international normalized ratio; elderly (>65 years); drug or alcohol use score for the entire cohort was 1 (0–2) and 27 (21%) had hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function; stroke; bleeding history or predisposition; labile international normalized ratio; elderly (>65 years); drug or alcohol use score ≥2. There were 14 minor bleeding events (1.6% per year) and 11 major bleeding events (1.3% per year) in 8 patients during median follow‐up of 74 months (856 patient‐years). Mechanical prosthesis (hazard ratio 1.78,
CI
1.29–3.77,
P
=0.021) and hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function; stroke; bleeding history or predisposition; labile international normalized ratio; elderly (>65 years); drug or alcohol use score ≥2 (hazard ratio 1.41,
CI
1.03–3.88,
P
=0.046) were risk factors for major bleeding events. All‐cause mortality was higher in patients with major bleeding events (n=6, 75%) compared with patients without major bleeding events (n=25, 21%),
P
=0.001.

Conclusions

Considering the heterogeneity of the
CHD
population, data from the current study may be better suited for clinical decision‐making in tetralogy of Fallot patients.
A new species of Callona Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Costa Rica and Panama BRYAN K. EYA &amp; WILLIAM H. TYSON (USA)
Authors: EYA BRYAN K. , TYSON WILLIAM H. 
Published: February 2019

As currently defined, the genus Callona Waterhouse, 1840, contains nine species ranging in distribution from southwestern United States to Venezuela. However, the generic distinction between Callona and its closely allied Crioprosopus Audinet-Serville, 1834, is in need of clarification due to descriptions of both genera being based solely on females (monobasic), absence of allotypes from the type species of these genera, and from the sexual dimorphism displayed by several subsequently described species. Also, scarcity of specimens in collections is a confounding factor in making a determination in the assignment of species to either Callona or Crioprosopus.
6. Telling Stories or Selling Stories: Writing for Pleasure, Writing for Art or Writing to Get Paid?
Authors: Rochester Sophie 
Published: February 2019

When does writing as an art-form finish and writing as part of a commercial publishing infrastructure begin? Considering how differently authors are being paid now, how much has changed and what are the problems that digital has bought in terms of proliferation of 'writers' and where are the opportunities? The gatekeepers of literature have changed and the chapter discusses what this means for 'traditional' authors versus next generation 'content creators' on Wattpad and other platforms and income models around both. Who defines quality in the digital age and is it a good or a bad thing that the gatekeepers for literature are changing? Rochester looks at new opportunities which are emerging for writers in light of convergence of media and digital transformation - and how 'storytelling' has become core not only to publishing, but to advertising, social media and more.
Nudging the Arctic Ocean to Quantify Sea Ice Feedbacks
Authors: Dekker Evelien , Bintanja Richard , Severijns Camiel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith Arctic summer sea ice potentially disappearing halfway through this century, the surface albedo and insulating effects of Arctic sea ice will decrease considerably. The ongoing Arctic sea ice retreat also affects the strength of the Planck, lapse rate, cloud, and surface albedo feedbacks together with changes in the heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, but their combined effect on climate sensitivity has not been quantified. This study presents an estimate of all Arctic sea ice related climate feedbacks combined. We use a new method to keep Arctic sea ice at its present-day (PD) distribution under a changing climate in a 50-yr CO2 doubling simulation, using a fully coupled global climate model (EC-Earth, version 2.3). We nudge the Arctic Ocean to the (monthly dependent) year 2000 mean temperature and minimum salinity fields on a mask representing PD sea ice cover. We are able to preserve about 95% of the PD mean March and 77% of the September PD Arctic sea ice extent by applying this method. Using simulations with and without nudging, we estimate the climate response associated with Arctic sea ice changes. The Arctic sea ice feedback globally equals 0.28 ± 0.15 W m−2 K−1. The total sea ice feedback thus amplifies the climate response for a doubling of CO2, in line with earlier findings. Our estimate of the Arctic sea ice feedback agrees reasonably well with earlier CMIP5 global climate feedback estimates and shows that the Arctic sea ice exerts a considerable effect on the Arctic and global climate sensitivity.
Use of Daily Station Observations to Produce High-Resolution Gridded Probabilistic Precipitation and Temperature Time Series for the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Newman Andrew J. , Clark Martyn P. , Longman Ryan J. , Gilleland Eric , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Arnold Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is a major challenge to develop gridded precipitation and temperature estimates that adequately resolve the extreme spatial gradients present in the Hawaiian Islands. The challenge is particularly pronounced because the available station networks are irregularly spaced and sparse, creating large uncertainties in gridded spatial meteorological estimates. Here a 100-member, daily ensemble of precipitation and temperature estimates over the Hawaiian Islands for the period 1990–2014 at 1-km grid resolution is developed. First, an intermediary ensemble estimate of the monthly climatological precipitation and temperature is created, and those climatological surfaces are used to inform daily anomaly interpolation. This climatologically aided interpolation (CAI) method extends our initial ensemble system developed for the continental United States. This study demonstrates that direct interpolation of daily precipitation values is inferior to the CAI methodology, particularly over longer time periods (from years to decades). Daily interpolation performs better for short time periods (e.g., 1 month or less) or when the precipitation distribution substantially diverges from climatology. The CAI ensemble is able to reproduce observed precipitation and temperature patterns, including precipitation occurrence. Leave-one-out cross-validation results illustrate that the ensemble has 1) minimal bias for precipitation and temperature; 2) a mean absolute error of 2.5 mm day−1, 1.0 K, and 2.2 K for precipitation and mean and diurnal temperature, respectively; 3) a mean absolute error of 3.3 mm day−1 for the standard deviation of precipitation; and 4) nearly unbiased probability distributions across multiple thresholds of precipitation intensity. Additionally, the ensemble provides estimates of uncertainty across the distributions with increasing uncertainty for higher percentiles.
Corrections for Pumped SBE 41CP CTDs Determined from Stratified Tank Experiments
Authors: Martini Kim I. , Murphy David J. , Schmitt Raymond W. , Larson Nordeen G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSea-Bird Scientific SBE 41CP CTDs are used on autonomous floats in the global Argo ocean observing program to measure the temperature and salinity of the upper ocean. While profiling, the sensors are subject to dynamic errors as they profile through vertical gradients. Applying dynamic corrections to the temperature and conductivity data reduces these errors and improves sensor accuracy. A series of laboratory experiments conducted in a stratified tank are used to characterize dynamic errors and determine corrections. The corrections are adapted for Argo floats, and recommendations for future implementation are presented.
A “Meta” Analysis of the Fractions Skill Score: The Limiting Case and Implications for Aggregation
Authors: Mittermaier M. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fractions skill score (FSS) is arguably one of the most popular spatial verification metrics in use today. The fraction of grid points exceeding a threshold within a forecast and observed field neighborhood are examined to compute a score. By definition a perfect forecast has an FSS of 1, and a “no skill” forecast has a score of 0. It is shown that the denominator defines the score’s characteristics. The FSS is undefined for instances in which both the forecast and the observed field do not exceed a threshold. In the limiting case, the FSS for a perfect null (zero) forecast is also undefined, unless a threshold of 0 is used, in which case it would be 1 (i.e., perfect). Furthermore the FSS is 0 if either the forecast or the observed field does not exceed a threshold. This symmetry means it cannot differentiate between what are traditionally referred to as false alarms or misses. Additional supplementary information is required. The FSS is greater than 0 if and only if there are values exceeding a given threshold in both the forecast and the observed field. The magnitude of an overall score computed over many forecasts is sensitive to the pooling method. Zero scores are nontrivial. Excluding them implies excluding all situations associated with false alarms or misses. Omitting near-zero scores is a more credible decision, but only if it can be proven that these are related to spurious artifacts in the observed field. To avoid ambiguity the components of the FSS should be aggregated separately for computing an overall score for most applications and purposes.
Validity and Reliability of a (Brief) Diabetes “Survival Skills” Knowledge Test: KNOW Diabetes
Authors: Youssef Gretchen , Ip Edward H. , Magee Michelle , Chen Shyh-Huei , Wallia Amisha , Pollack Teresa , Touma Emilie , Bourges Clayton , Brecker Lynne 
Published: February 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the KNOW Diabetes test, a survival skills knowledge test, in identifying essential self-care knowledge deficits in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study was conducted in 3 United States cities among adults with T2DM. A pilot feasibility phase was followed by a validation phase. Both traditional and item response theory (IRT)–based analyses were conducted. Test items were scored against an answer key. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency evaluation using Cronbach’s alpha, IRT, reliability assessment using test-retest correlation, and construct validity analyses were conducted. Results Consented adults (n = 280) with T2DM completed the study. In phase 1 (n = 53), the feasibility of implementation was demonstrated and resulted in a 15-question survey. In phase 2, participants (n = 227) completed the survey, with a subgroup (n = 54) completing it in a test-retest fashion. The test showed acceptable psychometric properties including unidimensionality, local independence, and differential item functioning. Concurrent validity testing showed that patients who are older, have a lower level of education, have Medicare or Medicaid, and have foot pain or numbness scored significantly lower than patients who did not. Divergent validity was assessed by testing differences between other comorbidities and revealed all tests to be nonsignificant. Conclusions The KNOW Diabetes test is appropriate for identifying knowledge deficits in diabetes self-management survival skills.
Association of ENAM, TUFT1, MMP13, IL1B, IL10 and IL1RN gene polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility in Chinese children
Authors: Hu Xiao-Pan , Song Tian-Zhu , Zhu Yan-Yan , Wu Ling-Li , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Jian-Ye , Li Zhi-Qiang 
Published: February 2019

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six candidate genes (enamelin [ ENAM]; tuftelin 1 [ TUFT1]; matrix metallopeptidase 13 [ MMP13]; interleukin 1 beta [ IL1B]; interleukin 10 [ IL10]; interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [ IL1RN]) and dental caries in children from northwest China. Methods This case–control study enrolled children (12–15 years) who underwent routine dental examinations. The children were divided into two groups based on the presence of dental caries. A saliva sample was collected and seven SNPs (rs3806804A/G in ENAM, rs3811411T/G in TUFT1, rs2252070A/G and rs597315A/T in MMP13, rs1143627C/T in IL1B, rs1800872A/C in IL10 and rs956730G/A in IL1RN) were genotyped. Results A total of 357 children were enrolled in the study: 161 with dental caries and 196 without dental caries. No significant difference was found in the alleles and genotypes of five genes ( ENAM, TUFT1, MMP13, IL10 and IL1RN) between those with and without dental caries. A significant relationship was found between the IL1B rs1143627C/T polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility with those carrying the rs1143627CT genotype having a lower risk of dental caries compared with those carrying the CC genotype (odds ratio 0.557; 95% confidence interval 0.326, 0.952). Conclusion The IL1B rs1143627C/T polymorphism may be associated with dental caries susceptibility in children from northwest China.
Successful treatment of an adult with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome using thalidomide, vincristine, and prednisone
Authors: Huang Yue-Hua , Zhou Dao-Bin , Han Bing , Li Tian , Wang Shu-Jie 
Published: February 2019

Objective Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is a rare disease that mainly occurs in infants and adolescents. It usually manifests as disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe bleeding, and is associated with high mortality. However, its low incidence and clinical rarity in adults mean that there is currently no well-verified treatment regimen for this disease. We report on an effective novel therapeutic regimen in a patient with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Methods A woman with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome presented with a recurrent subcutaneous mass and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and was treated with prednisone, vincristine and thalidomide. Results This treatment regimen successfully resolved the patient’s symptoms, with tumor regression. The patient remained disease-free after 6 years of follow-up. Conclusions Prednisone combined with vincristine and thalidomide may be an effective treatment for Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, but further studies are needed to verify the use of this regimen.
Empathy and cultural competence in clinical nurses: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Zarei Bahare , Salmabadi Mohaddeseh , Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl 
Published: February 2019

Background: Forgiveness has the potential to resolve painful feelings arising from nurse–patient conflicts. It would be useful to evaluate direct and indirect important factors which are related to forgiveness in order to design interventions that try to facilitate forgiveness. Aim/objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermediating role of empathy in the cultural competence–forgiveness association among nurses using structural equation modeling. Research design: The research applied a cross-sectional correlational design. Participants and research context: The study included 380 nurses eight hospitals in southern Iran. Ethical considerations: The Ethics and Research Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences approved the study protocol. The voluntary nature of participation was explained consent was obtained from participants, and anonymity was guaranteed. Findings: Most of the participants were married and female and fell in the 20- to 30-year-old category. Most of them (89.5%) had a working experience of 1–10 years. The proposed model showed that nurses’ empathy intermediated the association between nurses’ cultural competence and forgiveness which has fitted the data acceptably (root mean square error approximation = 0.070; comparative fit index = 0.993; goodness-of-fit index = 0.983; and χ2/df = 2.85). Conclusion: Empathy skills and cultural competence training were essential for interventions aimed at increasing the tendency to forgive patients. In such interventions, planners should aim at increasing nurses’ cultural competence in order to enhance their empathy toward patients, which can, in turn, lead to a greater wish to forgive patients.
Palliative Care in Myocardial Infarction: Patient Characteristics and Trends of Service Utilization in a National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah Sayied , Salama Amr , Ibrahim Hisham , Eigbire George , Hoefen Ryan , Alweis Richard 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality. Palliative care (PC) has recently expanded in scope to include noncancer-related conditions. There is little data available regarding the use of PC in critical MI patients. Methods: We used discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample for the years 2012 to 2014. We examined discharges with a primary diagnosis of MI. We measured the rate of PC referral, trend in utilization during the study period and possible predictors of PC utilization. Results: Among 1 667 520 discharges of those patients ≥18 years of age and with a primary diagnosis of MI, use of PC was seen in 2.5% of all patients and in 24% of patients who died. In a multivariable logistic regression, we found the presence of cancer, cardiogenic shock, dementia, stroke, hemiplegia, the use of circulatory support, and mechanical ventilation were associated with higher likelihood of PC referral. Palliative care referral increased during the study period, odds ratio of 1.18 per year (95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.21; P value <.001). Palliative care was not associated with prolonged length of stay. Conclusion: Several comorbidities were associated with the use of PC, most notably the use of mechanical ventilation and the presence of metastatic cancer. There was a trend of increasing use of PC during the study period.
Telling a ‘good or white lie’: The views of people living with dementia and their carers
Authors: Casey Dympna , Lynch Una , Murphy Kathleen , Cooney Adeline , Gannon Mary , Houghton Catherine , Hunter Andrew , Jordan Fionnuala , Smyth Siobhan , Felzman Heike , Meskell Pauline 
Published: February 2019

Objective A common symptom of cognitive decline in people living with dementia, or people with memory problems, the cause of which has not yet been diagnosed, is the person repeatedly asking for loved ones who are deceased or making statements that are incorrect. Carers are then faced with a dilemma, do they avoid and distract or ‘correct’ the person and tell the ‘truth’, or tell a lie. This paper explores the concept of lying from the perspective of people living with dementia in the community and their informal/unpaid carers. Methods A descriptive qualitative study utilising focus groups to collect the data was conducted. Three focus group’s with a purposive sample of people with memory problems ( n = 14) and three focus group’s with informal/unpaid carers ( n = 18) were undertaken. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results All participants considered that blatant lying with the intention to deceive and do harm is not acceptable. However, telling a ‘good lie’ or ‘white lie’ to alleviate distress was in certain circumstances considered acceptable. The intention behind the ‘lie’ in their view had to be to do good, and the informal/unpaid carer telling the lie had to really ‘know the person’ and be cognisant of family preferences. Some informal/unpaid carers acknowledged that it may be acceptable for health care professionals to tell a ‘good lie’ or ‘small lie’ in certain circumstances. However, health professionals need to ‘know the person’ and need to consider informal/family caregivers’ wishes. Conclusion Lying was only considered acceptable in the context of knowing the person and when done with the intention not to harm or deceive, undertaken with empathy, and only for the purpose of mitigating the person living with dementia’s distress.
DWI-pc-ASPECT score in basilar artery occlusion: is 6 points or less always indicative of a bad outcome?
Authors: Kim Joong-Goo , Lee Dongwhane , Choi Jay Chol , Song Yunsun , Lee Deok Hee , Suh Dae Chul 
Published: February 2019

Background and purpose The prognosis of patients with acute basilar arterial occlusion after endovascular reperfusion therapy with diffusion-weighted imaging – posterior circulation–Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-pc-ASPECTS) of 6 or less remains unclear. We aimed to assess the characteristics and prognosis of endovascular reperfusion therapy in patients with acute basilar arterial occlusion and DWI-pc-ASPECTS of 6 or less. Methods We analysed data collected from 1 January 2012 to 31 January 2018 in a prospective neuro-interventional registry of consecutive patients treated with endovascular reperfusion therapy. Clinical and imaging data on patients with DWI-pc-ASPECTS of 6 or less who underwent endovascular reperfusion therapy for acute basilar arterial occlusion were collected for this study. A good clinical outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale of 2 or less at 90 days. Results Forty-five acute basilar arterial occlusion patients with DWI-pc-ASPECTS of 6 or less were included. Among them, 11 (24.4%) patients had a good clinical outcome at 90 days. Patients with a good clinical outcome had less severe neurological symptoms at presentation (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 19.0 (12.0–25.0) vs. 8.0 (6.0–11.5); P = 0.003) and were younger (72.5 years (57.0–80.0 years) vs. 63.0 years (55.5–69.0 years), P = 0.096) than those with a poor clinical outcome. The symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage rate was significantly higher in the poor clinical outcome group (13 (38.2%)) than in the good clinical outcome group (0 (0.0%)) ( P = 0.045). In particular, in patients aged over 70 years, a favourable outcome was low (18 (52.9%) vs. 1 (9.1%); P = 0.027) even after successful recanalisation. In a multivariate model, a low initial NIHSS score (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.44; P = 0.0093) and age over 70 years (odds ratio 15.27; 95% confidence interval 1.85–379.79; P = 0.0321) were independent predictors of poor clinical outcome. Conclusions Even with DWI-pc-ASPECTS of 6 or less, good clinical outcome can be achieved after endovascular reperfusion therapy. Relatively mild initial symptoms and younger age can predict a better outcome in acute basilar arterial occlusion patients with DWI-pc-ASPECTS of 6 or less.