bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in lungs and respiratory tracts in mouse model
Authors: Xie Kevin , Tashkin Donald P. , Luo Mary Z. , Zhang Jack Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpinephrine HFA (Primatene® Mist) is a newly formulated asthma metered dose inhaler developed to replace the previous Primatene® Mist CFC. The formulation of Epinephrine HFA contains thymol, a substance recognized to be safe by the FDA. Although the content of thymol contained in Epinephrine HFA is much lower compared to many common foods and medications available, there are no known nonclinical data about the chronic toxicity of thymol through inhalation. Two sequential 6‐month studies of identical design were conducted to assess the chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in mice. Four treatment groups, (a) Air; (b) vehicle control; (c) Article‐1 (thymol 0.1%); and (d) Article‐2 (thymol 0.5%) were assessed in 128 mice for 26 weeks. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period and a histopathologic evaluation was performed with respect to lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, nasal passages/nasopharynx, and trachea. Forty‐five pathologic assessment parameters (PAPs) were evaluated. In total, 5591 data points from 487 mouse organs were assessed. Chronic toxicity index was calculated for 16 PAPs that had multiple histopathologic abnormal observations. The t tests were conducted for these 16 PAPs (Articles‐1 and 2 versus Air and vehicle control, respectively), and all P‐values were greater than .05 indicating no significant differences between all treatment groups. An evaluation was also conducted for 25 PAPs that had only a very small number of pathologic abnormalities. No significant differences for chronic toxicity were found when comparing mice under long‐term repeated exposure of high doses of inhaled thymol and mice that inhaled no thymol.
Synthesis of thymyl esters and their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tharamak Sorachat , Yooboon Thitaree , Pengsook Anchulee , Ratwatthananon Atcharee , Kumrungsee Nutchaya , Bullangpoti Vasakorn , Pluempanupat Wanchai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymol, a natural phenolic monoterpene originating from Thymus vulgaris, is recognized as a safe and potent botanical insecticide to many insects. The structural modification of thymol into thymyl esters is a potential approach for the development of novel insecticides, which showed more toxicity than thymol. However, there are no reports on the insecticidal activity of thymyl esters to control Spodoptera litura.RESULTSThymol was structurally modified into ten thymyl esters by esterification using a new reagent, PPh3/Br3CSO2Ph. The insecticidal activity of these compounds was examined against the second instars of Spodoptera litura using a topical application. Among the ten thymyl esters evaluated, thymyl cinnamate was the most toxic with LD50 = 0.41 and 0.34 μg/larva after 24 and 48 h posttreatment, respectively. In addition, thymyl cinnamate‐treated larvae showed increasing carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities in vivo experiment, whereas glutathione S‐transferase activity showed no significant difference.CONCLUSIONThymyl cinnamate were first reported to exhibit toxicity against S. litura 2.41–2.46 fold more efficient than thymol. However, the detailed biochemical interactions are necessary for further development of novel insecticides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Shear‐induced electrical changes in the base of thin layer‐cloud
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Marlton Graeme J. , Aplin Karen L. , Nicoll Keri A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCharging of upper and lower horizontal boundaries of extensive layer‐clouds results from current flow in the global electric circuit. Layer‐cloud charge accumulation has previously been considered a solely electrostatic phenomenon, but it does not occur in isolation from meteorological processes, which can transport charge. Thin layer‐clouds provide special circumstances for investigating this dynamical charge transport, as disruption at the cloud‐top may reach the cloud base, observable from the surface. Here, a thin (∼300 m) persistent layer‐cloud with base at 300 m and strong wind shear at cloud‐top was observed to generate strongly correlated fluctuations in cloud base height, optical thickness and surface electric Potential Gradient (PG) beneath. PG changes are identified to precede the cloud base fluctuations by 2 min, consistent with shear‐induced cloud‐top electrical changes followed by cloud base changes. These observations demonstrate, for the first time, dynamically driven modification of charge within a layer‐cloud. Even in weakly charged layer‐clouds, redistribution of charge will modify local electric fields within the cloud and the collisional behaviour of interacting charged cloud droplets. Local field intensification may also explain previously observed electrostatic discharges in warm clouds.
Distributed fusion cubature Kalman filters for nonlinear systems
Authors: Hao Gang , Sun Shuli 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the distributed fusion estimation problem for multisensor nonlinear systems. Based on the Kalman filtering framework and the spherical cubature rule, a general method for calculating the cross‐covariance matrices between any two local estimators is presented for multisensor nonlinear systems. In the linear unbiased minimum variance sense, based on the cross‐covariance matrices, a distributed fusion cubature Kalman filter weighted by matrices (MW‐CKF) is presented. The proposed MW‐CKF has better accuracy and robustness. An example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Natal environments of age‐0 paddlefish in the middle Mississippi River inferred from dentary microchemistry
Authors: Rude Neil P. , Whitledge Gregory W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEffective management and conservation of riverine fish species relies on identification of habitats that contribute recruits to fish populations. Paddlefish are an important commercial and recreational species inhabiting North American large rivers. However, despite the knowledge of adult paddlefish movement patterns in large rivers, their principal natal environments and early life dispersal patterns remain unknown. Paddlefish dentary microchemistry can be used to identify natal environment of fish in large river networks such as the middle Mississippi River (MMR) and tributaries. The goals of this study were to (a) use dentary microchemistry (strontium:calcium ratios; Sr:Ca) to determine natal environment and potential drift for age‐0 paddlefish collected from the MMR and (b) assess whether MMR reach or year of collection influenced the percentage of recruits originating from different rivers. Age‐0 paddlefish were collected during 2010–2011 from two reaches of the MMR (upstream and downstream of the Kaskaskia River confluence). Water samples from the MMR and tributaries (upper Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Osage, and Kaskaskia Rivers) were collected during 2006–2016. Water Sr:Ca differed among rivers, enabling identification of natal environment for individual fish using dentary core Sr:Ca. The MMR (44–69% of fish sampled) and Missouri River (25–45% of fish sampled) were the primary natal environments for age‐0 paddlefish across both river reaches and collection years. The upper Mississippi River and smaller tributaries contributed few recruits (<13% of fish sampled). Conservation of paddlefish populations should include maintenance or improvement of connectivity between river reaches used for spawning and juvenile rearing and stock assessments of riverine paddlefish may need to be conducted at a riverscape scale because multiple rivers can contribute to paddlefish recruitment in a particular river reach.
DTN performance analysis of multi‐asset Mars‐Earth communications
Authors: Alessi Nicola , Caini Carlo , de Cola Tomaso , Martin Sebastian , Mayer Jeremy Pierce 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe delay‐/disruption‐tolerant networking (DTN) architecture is considered the key enabling technology for future space communications, as confirmed by the current standardization within CCSDS and the experiments carried out onboard the International Space Station. Despite the scientific community efforts to analyze DTN architecture performance, most of the studies have focused on individual protocols, or have considered simple test cases, thus missing a whole system view. To bridge these research gaps, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of DTN performance in Mars‐Earth communications, considering a realistic and complex end‐to‐end scenario, where multiple assets and multiple data flows are involved, as envisioned for future space missions. To this end, a virtualized testbed based on ION software was used for an extensive emulation campaign, focusing particularly on Bundle and Licklider Protocol interaction with the CGR routing algorithm.
Studies on Sulfate Iron(II) Complex With Tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane Exhibiting Spin Crossover in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kokovkin Vasily V. , Mironov Igor V. , Korotaev Evgenii V. , Shayapov Vladimir R. , Shakirova Olga G. , Lavrenova Ludmila G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing the methods of UV‐, VIS‐ and near‐IR spectrometry, potentiometry, static magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltammetry, an iron(II) complex with tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (L) having the composition of [FeL2]SO4 is studied in aqueous solution. In the solid state this compound exhibits spin crossover 1A1 ↔ 5T2. The protonation constants of L (log K1H=2.53, log K2H=1.80) and stability constants of the complex (log β(FeL2+) ≈ 4, log β(FeL22+)=8.62) at t = 25° C, I=0.05 M have been determined. The studies on μeff(T) of [FeL2]SO4 in solution in the temperature range from 280 to 355 K have shown that the value of μeff exhibits an increase with increasing temperature. This indicates that with increasing temperature a transition occurs from the low spin (LS) state of the complex to the high spin (HS) state thereof.
HOAc‐Assisted Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinolines from Arylamine and Aliphatic Aldehyde in Water
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Tao , Wang Li–Xia , Xiang Jun‐Feng , Cui Jie , Hu Ben‐Quan , Yang Luo , Tang Ya‐Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we report that a HOAc‐assisted protocol to synthesize 2,3‐disubstituted quinolines in water, from the available starting materials arylamine and aliphatic aldehyde. The arylamine substrates showed a good universality. While the phenylacetaldehyde led to a 2,3‐disubstituted quinoline product in a very low yield, accompanied by the mono‐substituted quinoline involving C−C cleavage.
Specific Recognition of Hg2+ and other Cations by a Hoechst33258@inverted Cucurbit[7]uril Fluorescence Probe Using Different pH Media
Authors: Yang Meixiang , Huang Ying , Liu Ming , Yang Mei X. , Wang Qin , Zeng Xi , Xiao Xin , Tao Zhu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA host‐guest inclusion complex comprising an inverted cucurbit[7]uril (iQ[7]) and a biologically important dye, Hoechst‐33258 (H33258), was selected as a probe to test the response to various metal cations, including alkali metals, alkali earth metals, lanthanides, transition metals and other cations in aqueous HCl solution (pH=2) and NaOH solution (pH=11), respectively. The experimental results revealed that the host‐guest interaction showed a similar inclusion mode in the two selected aqueous solution conditions (pH=2 and 11), which was a dumbbell‐like inclusion complex in which one iQ[7] included the piperazine moiety, and another iQ[7] included the phenol moiety of H33258. The probe exhibited specific recognition of Hg2+ cation in all metal systems containing Hg2+ via obvious fluorescence quenching under acidic solution conditions. The probe also exhibited specific recognition of Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and especially Ce3+ cations in the lanthanide system via obvious fluorescence enhancement under basic solution conditions.
The association between chronic psychological stress and uterine fibroids risk: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Qin Hao , Lin Zhijuan , Vásquez Elizabeth , Xu Luo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe association between chronic psychological stress and uterine fibroids (UFs) risk remains unclear. In this study, a meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to explore the reported association between them. A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify relevant published articles. A random‐effect model was used to examine pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, subgroup analyses and two‐stage random‐effect dose–response meta‐analysis were performed. A total of six articles with seven studies were included in this meta‐analysis. For the highest versus lowest category of chronic psychological stress, the pooled OR was 1.24 (95% CI [1.15, 1.34]; p = .000). Through subgroup analyses, we found a positive association between chronic psychological stress and UFs risk especially in non‐Hispanic Blacks studies (OR, 1.24, 95% CI [1.14, 1.34], p = .000). When evaluating for a dose–response, we found a weak correlation between chronic psychological stress and UFs risk, especially for the severe (OR, 1.17, 95% CI [1.07, 1.29]) and very severe (OR, 1.23, 95% CI [1.07, 1.41]) categories. Our meta‐analysis shows a statistically significant association between chronic psychological stress and UFs risk particularly for non‐Hispanic Blacks. Interventions aiming to reduce chronic psychological stress may be useful to decrease the prevalence of UFs.
Multitask defect prediction
Authors: Ni Chao , Chen Xiang , Xia Xin , Gu Qing , Zhao Yingquan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWithin‐project defect prediction assumes that we have sufficient labeled data from the same project, while cross‐project defect prediction assumes that we have plenty of labeled data from source projects. However, in practice, we might only have limited labeled data from both the source and target projects in some scenarios. In this paper, we want to apply multitask learning to investigate such a new scenario. To our best knowledge, this problem (ie, both the source project and the target project have limited labeled data) has not been thoroughly investigated, and we are the first to propose a novel multitask defect prediction approach mask. mask consists of a differential evolution optimization phase and a multitask learning phase. The former phase aims to find optimal weights for shared and nonshared information in related projects (ie, the target project and its related source projects), while the latter phase builds prediction models for each project simultaneously. To verify the effectiveness of mask, we perform experimental studies on 18 real‐world software projects and compare our approach with four state‐of‐the‐art baseline approaches: single‐task learning (STL), simple combined learning (SCL), Peters filter, and Burak filter. Experimental results show that mask can achieve F1 of 0.397 and AUC of 0.608 on average with a few labeled data (ie, 10% of data). Across the 18 projects, mask can outperform baseline methods significantly in terms of F1 and AUC. Therefore, by utilizing the relatedness among multiple projects, mask can perform significantly better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The results confirm that mask is promising for software defect prediction when the source and target projects both have limited training data.
A privacy‐preserving multifactor authentication system
Authors: Acar Abbas , Liu Wenyi , Beyah Raheem , Akkaya Kemal , Uluagac Arif Selcuk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a significant number of works on the development of multifactor authentication (MFA) systems. Traditionally, behavioral biometrics (eg, keystroke dynamics) have been known to have the best usability because they do not require one to know or possess anything—they simply communicate “how you type” to an authenticator. However, though highly usable, MFA approaches that are based on biometrics are highly intrusive, and users' sensitive information is exposed to untrusted servers. To address this privacy concern, in this paper, we present a privacy‐preserving MFA system for computer users, called PINTA. In PINTA, the second factor is a hybrid behavioral profile user, while the first authentication factor is a password. The hybrid profile of the user includes host‐based and network flow‐based features. Since the features include users' sensitive information, it needs to be protected from untrusted parties. To protect users' sensitive profiles and to handle the varying nature of the user profiles, we adopt two cryptographic methods: Fuzzy hashing and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Our results show that PINTA can successfully validate legitimate users and detect impostors. Although the results are promising, the trade‐off for privacy preservation is a slight reduction in performance compared with traditional identity‐based MFA techniques.
Hybrid reinforcement design of longitudinal joints for segmental concrete linings
Authors: Smarslik Mario , Mark Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn mechanized tunneling, the performance of segmental tunnel lining segments is closely bound to the longitudinal joint design. The guiding local effect is partial area strip loading with predominantly plane load distribution. Current normative standards only inadequately cover this case, which leads to an underestimation of the actual bearing capacities and thus offers considerable optimization potential. A hybrid material concept is proposed to improve the joints' performance, which is based on the results of robust combined trusscontinuum topology optimization. It combines high‐performance steel fiber reinforced concrete in the area of load application with conventional materials used for the remaining regions. A relocation of the gasket to the segments' center proves to provide better protection, and a double hinge neck leads to a more efficient load transfer. The effects of these measures on the structural performance are analyzed experimentally and compared against conventional designs. The results show pronounced increases in bearing capacities by using hybrid reinforcements and provide a quantification of optimization based design modifications.
First isolation, identification and genetic characterization of Brucella abortus biovar 3 from dairy cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sadequl , Garofolo Giuliano , Sacchini Lorena , Dainty Amanda C. , Khatun Mst. Minara , Saha Sukumar , Islam Md. Ariful 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Brucella spp. belonging to the genus Brucella. It is endemic in domesticated animals in Bangladesh. Isolation, identification and genetic characterization of Brucella spp. in dairy cattle are essential to undertake appropriate control and preventive measures. The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the Brucella spp. circulating in dairy cattle.MethodsUterine discharge (n = 45), milk (n = 115), vaginal swab (n = 71), placenta (n = 7) and aborted fetus (n = 2) were collected. Brucella selective agar plates were inoculated with samples and incubated at 37 ◦C for 14 days under 5% CO2 for isolation of Brucella spp. Brucella suspected colonies were recovered from samples were confirmed by genus and species specific PCR assays. Genetic characterization was performed by Multi Locus Variable number tandem‐repeat Analysis‐16 (MLVA‐16).ResultsThe isolates of Brucella recovered from samples were confirmed as B. abortus by AMOS‐ERY PCR assay. The classical biotyping method confirmed all 10 B. abortus isolates belonged to the biovar 3. The MLVA‐16 assay indicated all B. abortus isolates identical and the same genotype 40, based on panel 1 MLVA‐8.ConclusionDendrogram analysis revealed all B. abortus isolates of the study were identical to three isolates from Brazil, one isolate of France and closely related to Chinese isolates. This is the first report of isolation and genetic characterization of B. abortus from the dairy cattle in Bangladesh.
Prevalence of antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in endangered Okinawa rail (Gallirallus okinawae) inhabiting areas around a livestock farm
Authors: Ishibashi Sawako , Sumiyama Daisuke , Kanazawa Tomoko , Murata Koichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important issue for public, animal and environmental health. It has been suggested that livestock farms could be a source origin of AMR, and some wild animals that inhabit this area may play an important role in the spread of AMR in the natural environment. The prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli was examined from Okinawa rails (Gallirallus okinawae), an endemic bird in Okinawa Main Island, Japan. Forty‐eight faecal samples of wild Okinawa rails were collected from around a livestock farm area (LA), near human settlements, in which a population of the Okinawa rail had newly inhabited for feeding, and a forest area (FA), their natural habitat. Among 16 E. coli‐positive faecal samples collected around LA, 11/16 (69%) showed antimicrobial resistance and five multiple drug resistance patterns were identified. However, among 15 E. coli‐positive faecal samples from FA, 3/15 (20%) showed antimicrobial resistance, and three multiple drug resistance patterns were identified. These results indicate that the endangered Okinawa rail may also play an important role as a potential vector for the spread of AMR in the natural environment. To maintain ecological health, it is imperative that in situ/ex situ conservation projects that include translocation plans for endangered species are aware of these data.
Developmental sociolinguistics: Children's acquisition of language variation
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth K. , White Katherine S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopmental sociolinguistics is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary framework that builds upon theoretical and methodological contributions from multiple disciplines (i.e., sociolinguistics, language acquisition, the speech sciences, developmental psychology, and psycholinguistics). A core assumption of this framework is that language is by its very nature variable, and that much of this variability is informative, as it is (probabilistically) governed by a variety of factors—including linguistic context, social or cultural context, the relationship between speaker and addressee, a language user's geographic origin, and a language user's gender identity. It is becoming increasingly clear that consideration of these factors is absolutely essential to developing realistic and ecologically valid models of language development. Given the central importance of language in our social world, a more complete understanding of early social development will also require a deeper understanding of when and how language variation influences children's social inferences and behavior. As the cross‐pollination between formerly disparate fields continues, we anticipate a paradigm shift in the way many language researchers conceptualize the challenge of early acquisition.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Neuroscience > Development
Psychology > Language