bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe
Authors: Durán Jorge , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Dougill Andrew J. , Guuroh Reginald T. , Linstädter Anja , Thomas Andrew D. , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N‐ than for C‐ and P‐related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.
Development of an Aluminium Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles‐modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Vanillin in Food Samples
Authors: Murtada Khaled , Jodeh Shehdeh , Zougagh Mohammed , Ríos Ángel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new chemically modified electrode based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) has been developed. Aluminium was incorporated into the TiO2‐NPs to prepare aluminium doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Al‐TiO2‐NPs). Aluminium doped TiO2 nanoparticles‐modified screen printed carbon electrode (Al‐TiO2‐NPs/SPCE) was employed as easy, efficient and rapid sensor for electrochemical detection of vanillin in various types of food samples. Al‐TiO2‐NPs were characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and analyses showing that the average particle sizes varied for the Al‐NPs (7.63 nm) and Al‐TiO2‐NPs (7.47 nm) with spherical crystal. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were used to optimize the analytical procedure. A detection limit of vanillin was 0.02 μM, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.50 %, obtained for a 5.0 μM concentration of vanillin. The electrochemical behaviour of several compounds, such as vanillic acid, vanillic alcohol, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and p‐hydroxybenzoic, etc., generally present in natural vanilla samples, were also studied to check the interferences with respect to vanillin voltammetric signal. The applicability was demonstrated by analysing food samples. The obtained results were compared with those provided by a previous method based on liquid chromatography for determination of vanillin.
Quantitative separation of hesperidin, chrysin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and morin using ionic liquid as a buffer additive in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Memon Almas F. , Solangi Amber R. , Memon Saima Q. , Mallah Arfana , Memon Najma 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecently, an increasing interest has been observed in ionic liquids (ILs) due to their potentialities in various chemical processes. ILs have some unique properties making them excellent additives in CE. In this work a simple, rapid, and reliable CZE method has been developed and validated using 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM‐PF6) ionic liquid as a buffer additive for the determination/separation of five flavonoids including hesperedin, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and morin using photodiode array (PDA) detector. The effect of several parameters such as concentration and pH of the running buffer, applied voltage, and concentration of ionic liquid were optimized. CZE at 25°C with 25 mM borate buffer of pH 9.0 at an applied voltage of 17 kV by adding 17.5 mM of IL was found to be suitable for the separation/determination of all five analytes within 08 min. Validation of the method was performed in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection and quantification. The calibration curves were plotted in the concentration range of 1–200 μg/mL for all five analytes. The response was linear with R2 = 0.990 for EC, chrysin, and hesperidin, 0.992 for morin, and 0.988 for EGCG. LOD and LOQ were obtained within the range of 0.4–0.5 and 1.4–1.7 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method showed good reproducibility with RSD of less than 3% for both migration time and peak height. The method was successfully applied for the determination of flavonoids from citrus fruits and tea samples.
Simultaneous isolation and preconcentration of exosomes by ion concentration polarization
Authors: Marczak Steven , Richards Katherine , Ramshani Zeinab , Smith Elaine , Senapati Satyajyoti , Hill Reginald , Go David B. , Chang Hsueh‐Chia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExosomes carry microRNA biomarkers, occur in higher abundance in cancerous patients than in healthy ones, and because they are present in most biofluids, including blood and urine, these can be obtained noninvasively. Standard laboratory techniques to isolate exosomes are expensive, time consuming, provide poor purity, and recover on the order of 25% of the available exosomes. We present a new microfluidic technique to simultaneously isolate exosomes and preconcentrate them by electrophoresis using a high transverse local electric field generated by ion‐depleting ion‐selective membrane. We use pressure‐driven flow to deliver an exosome sample to a microfluidic chip such that the transverse electric field forces them out of the cross flow and into an agarose gel which filters out unwanted cellular debris while the ion‐selective membrane concentrates the exosomes through an enrichment effect. We efficiently isolated exosomes from 1× PBS buffer, cell culture media, and blood serum. Using flow rates from 150 to 200 μL/h and field strengths of 100 V/cm, we consistently captured between 60 and 80% of exosomes from buffer, cell culture media, and blood serum as confirmed by both fluorescence spectroscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Our microfluidic chip maintained this recovery rate for more than 20 min with a concentration factor of 15 for 10 min of isolation.
Are individuals with loss‐of‐control eating more prone to dietary lapse in behavioural weight loss treatment? An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Manasse Stephanie M. , Schumacher Leah M. , Goldstein Stephanie P. , Martin Gerald J. , Crosby Ross D. , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Butryn Meghan L. , Forman Evan M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with overweight/obesity and loss‐of‐control eating (LOC) may experience poorer outcomes from behavioural weight loss due to reactivity to internal (e.g., affective and physical) states that impact treatment adherence (e.g., dietary lapses). This study examined (a) whether the presence of LOC increased risk for dietary lapses and (b) the moderating role of LOC on the relation between internal states and dietary lapses.MethodIndividuals (n = 189) with overweight and obesity completed ecological momentary assessment early in behavioural weight loss.ResultsLOC was positively associated with dietary lapse. LOC did not moderate the relation between momentary changes in internal states and dietary lapses. However, the effect of average levels of internal states on lapses was attenuated for those with LOC.DiscussionResults suggest that those with LOC are at higher risk of dietary lapse, whereas elevated average levels of internal states may contribute to early inadherence for those without LOC.
Long‐term Operation of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Fuel Composition Switching and Oxygen Enrichment
Authors: Pinar F. J. , Rastedt M. , Dyck A. , Wagner P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe performance of commercially available High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) cells was electrochemically (impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves, performance over time) and optically characterized ante and post mortem via micro‐computed tomography. Investigations on the performance gain, due to oxygen enrichment of cathode air and the capabilities of the commercial MEAs to switch and operate between pure hydrogen and synthetic dry reformate (78% H2 and 22% CO2), were carried out. Two experiments at constant load conditions were performed, Cycle 1 consisted of 12 h pure hydrogen operation followed by 12 h of synthetic reformate, while Cycle 2 was operated with 1 h of H2 followed by 5 h of synthetic reformate. The results revealed that oxygen enrichment improves mass transport from the gas flow channels to the cathode catalyst layer as well as catalyst utilization. Thus, oxygen concentration increase from 21% (air) to 30% at 0.3 A cm−2 developed a performance improvement of roughly 8%. Only marginally influence on fuel cell performance and degradation was observed in fuel switching experiments. A content of 22% CO2 had little influence on degradation, which could mainly be related to fuel dilution. Besides, micro‐computed tomography (µ‐CT) investigations revealed similar membrane and catalyst layer degradation for both kinds of fuel switching tests.
Characterization of C20 fullerene and its isolated C20‐nGen derivatives (n = 1‐5) by alternating germanium atom(s) in equatorial position: A DFT survey
Authors: Baei Mohammad T. , Koohi Maryam , Shariati Minoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDFT calculations are applied to compare and contrast germanium atom(s) substituted C20‐nGen heterofullerenes with n = 1‐5, where the substitution is completely isolated from each other by means of one carbon atom in equatorial position. The structural stabilities, geometry, and electronic properties of C20 and its heterofullerene derivatives are compared and contrasted at M062X/6‐311++G**, B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ, B3LYP/6‐311++G**, B3LYP/6‐311+G*, and B3PW91/6‐311++G** levels of theory. Vibrational frequency analysis shows that all of the heterofullerenes are real minima. Contrary to identical bonds in C20, contractions of C=C double bonds are encountered at the expense of longer C―Ge bonds in C20‐nGen. In contrast to previous reports on silicon doped heterofullerenes, none of the computed heterofullerenes collapses to open cage structures. Successive Ge doping on C20 induces more positive atomic charge on Ge atoms and more negative charge on C atoms. High charge transfer on the surfaces of our stable heterofullerenes provokes further investigations on their possible application for hydrogen storage. As to band gap, binding energy, heat of atomization per carbon, nucleus‐independent chemical shift, aromaticity, and the smallest vibrational frequency C19Ge immerges with the highest value. The reactivity in terms of ionization potential, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, hardness, softness, maximum electronic charge, and proton affinity issues predicts C19Ge as the most stable heterofullerene against electronic excitation.
Supine positioning for the subscapular system of flaps: A pictorial essay
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Kang Stephen Y. , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Carrau Ricardo , Rocco James W. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Old Matthew O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis pictorial essay demonstrates a modification to the positioning, prepping, and draping technique for the subscapular system of flaps allowing the patient to be placed supine and without the need for a second assistant during the harvest or closure.Methods and ResultsWe performed a literature review focusing on the positioning of the patient during the harvest of the subscapular system of flaps. A supine modification harvest prepping, draping, and position is then described in pictorial essay format. The technique is made possible with the use of a Mayo stand to position the arm.DiscussionA literature review demonstrates limited description of nonlateral decubitus position harvest of the scapular flap. A novel positioning technique is described in pictorial essay format to demonstrate the ease and feasibility without the need for a second assistant during the case, an important goal in the era of limited resident duty hours.
Do you know your guidelines? Diagnosis and management of cutaneous head and neck melanoma
Authors: Ow Thomas J. , Grethlein Sara Jo , Schmalbach Cecelia E. ,   The Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe following article is the next installment of the series “Do You Know Your Guidelines?” presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, workup, and management of cutaneous melanoma are reviewed in an evidence‐based fashion.
Clinical, pathological, and biological characterization of Richter syndrome developing after ibrutinib treatment for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Innocenti Idanna , Rossi Davide , Trapè Giulio , Autore Francesco , Larocca Luigi Maria , Gomes Vincenzo , Cerri Michaela , Falcucci Paolo , Sica Simona , Gaidano Gianluca , Laurenti Luca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRichter syndrome, a transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, is a rare complication of patients treated with chemo‐immunotherapy. Richter syndrome might be both clonally related or unrelated to the underlying CLL and often showed mutations of the TP53 and NOTCH1 genes. Recently, ibrutinib was approved for patients with relapsed/refractory CLL or for untreated CLL patients with del 17p or TP53 mutation. The clinical picture, pathology, and genetics of Richter transformation after IBR treatment are largely unknown. Here, we report 2 cases of Richter transformation after Ibrutinib treatment. As just reported by previous report, Richter syndrome developing after ibrutinib therapy lacked resistance mutations of the BTK and PLCG2 genes, which are clonally related to the pre‐existent CLL phase representing transformation from CLL. Richter syndrome after ibrutinib seems to have some peculiar clinical findings as the bone marrow predilection, severe hypercalcemia, and a more aggressive outcome.
Lymphomas and thyroid: Bridging the gap
Authors: Mancuso Salvatrice , Carlisi Melania , Napolitano Mariasanta , Siragusa Sergio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe thyroid gland is often involved in the development of neoplastic diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the multiple interactions between lymphoma and thyroid. Through an extensive research among the literature, the relationship between lymphomas and thyroid can be established at various levels, and the possible interconnections are here summarized in 5 points: (1) the greater risk of lymphoma development in some thyroid diseases; (2) the primary thyroid lymphoma, with focus on issues related to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment; (3) the incidence of thyroid involvement in primitive nodal lymphomas or in extranodal lymphomas of the other sites; (4) thyroid changes after treatment of lymphoma, in relation to the effects of radiation therapy and immuno‐chemotherapy; (5) the incidental findings of thyroid changes, on imaging, in patients with lymphoma, without a direct involvement of the gland in malignant disease.In conclusion, issues that until now have been dealt with separately will therefore be analyzed in a unique paper, allowing a global view of the topic and emphasizing the need of a multidisciplinary approach. Future learning areas in this topic mainly relate to rapidly increasing the knowledge of imaging studies together with expanding the armamentarium of novel biological and targeting agents in lymphoma patients.
MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN HEAD START: INDIRECT EFFECTS THROUGH PARENTING
Authors: Baker Claire E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study used a large, nationally representative sample of Head Start children (N=3,349) from the Family and Child Experiences Survey of 2009 (FACES) to examine associations among maternal depression (measured when children were ˜36 months old) and children's executive function (EF) and behavior problems (measured when children were ˜48 months old). Preliminary analyses revealed that 36% of mothers in the sample had clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a path analysis with demographic controls showed a mediation effect that was significant and quite specific; mother‐reported warmth (and not mother–child reading) mediated the path between maternal depression, children's EF, and behavior problems. Findings provide empirical support for a family process model in which warm, sensitive parenting supports children's emerging self‐regulation and reduces the likelihood of early onset behavior problems in families in which children are exposed to maternal depression.
EARLY REGULATION IN CHILDREN WHO ARE LATER DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITHIN THE DANISH NATIONAL BIRTH COHORT
Authors: Lemcke Sanne , Parner Erik T. , Bjerrum Merete , Thomsen PER H. , Lauritsen Marlene B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTStudies have shown that children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in their first years of life might show symptoms in main developmental areas and that these signs might be sensed by the parents. The present study investigated in a large birth cohort if children later diagnosed with ASD had deviations at 6 and 18 months in areas such as the ability to self‐regulate emotions, feeding, and sleeping. The study was based on prospective information collected from 76,322 mothers who participated in the Danish National Birth Cohort. When the children reached an average age of 11 years, 973 children with ASD and a control group of 300 children with intellectual disability (IDnoASD) were identified via Danish health registries. Associations were found between short periods of breast‐feeding and the children later diagnosed with ASD and IDnoASD as well as associations at 18 months to deviations in regulation of emotions and activity. The similarities in these associations emphasize how difficult it is to distinguish between diagnoses early in life.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling is involved in nonylphenol‐induced proinflammatory cytokines secretion by BV2 microglia
Authors: Gu Weijia , Wang Yi , Qiu Zhenmin , Dong Jing , Wang Yuan , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicroglia (MG) are the key cells involved in the innate immune response in the central nervous system, and their activation has been linked to inflammation and neurotoxicity by the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, researchers have found that nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical, could impair neurodevelopment and cognitive memory performance. However, whether NP affects the inflammatory responses of MG remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NP on the inflammatory responses of BV2 MG and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that NP increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β in BV2 MG. Increased phosphorylation of Akt, JNK and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and decreased phosphorylation of ERK were observed in NP‐treated MG. The inflammatory transcription factor activator protein 1 was also activated in NP‐treated BV2 MG. These results suggest that NP may activate Akt/mitogen‐activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 signaling in MG and subsequently increase IL‐6 and IL‐1β secretion.
Comparing different estimated glomerular filtration rate equations in assessing glomerular function in children based on creatinine and cystatin C
Authors: Conkar Seçil , Mir Sevgi , Karaslan Fatma Nur , Hakverdi Gülden 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best marker used to assess renal function. Estimated GFR (eGFR) equations have been developed, and the ideal formula is still under discussion. We wanted to find the most practical and reliable GFR in eGFR formulas. We compared serum creatinine (Scr)‐ and cystatin C (cysC)‐based eGFR formulas in the literature. We also aimed to determine the suitability and the reliability of cysC for practical use in determining GFR in children.MethodsWe have enrolled 238 children in the study. Measurement of 24‐hour creatinine clearance was compared with eGFR equations which are based on Scr, cysC, and creatinine plus cysC.ResultsOf the patients (n = 238), 117 were males (49.2%), and 121 (50.8%) were females with a median age of 9.0 years. The areas under the ROC curves of Counahan‐Barratt and Bedside Schwartz were equal and 0.89 (with a 95% CI 0.80‐0.97). The areas under the ROC curves were not significantly different in all cystatin C‐based eGFR equations. The highest AUC values for differentiating normal vs abnormal renal functions according to CrCl24 were for the CKiD‐cysC and CKiD‐Scr‐cysC equations.ConclusionsIn our study, compared with creatinine‐based ones, the cystatin C‐based formulas did not show much superiority in predicting eGFR. Still, we think Bedside Schwartz is a good formula to provide ease of use because, in this equation, the constant k is same for all age groups. However, the most valuable equations in determining chronic kidney disease are the CKiD‐cysC and CKiD‐Scr‐cysC equations.
Engaging critical community resilience praxis: A qualitative study with Mapuche communities in Chile facing structural racism and disasters
Authors: Atallah Devin G. , Contreras Painemal Carlos , Albornoz Lorena , Salgado Flavio , Pilquil Lizama Elizabeth 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMapuche are the largest indigenous group in Chile and have survived histories of colonialism, socionatural disasters, and more recently, increasing conflicts with the Chilean state. This study aimed to engage critical theories and examine resilience processes from indigenous perspectives while exploring the impact of racism, intersecting adversities, and ongoing decolonial struggles in Mapuche communities. Decolonial qualitative methods, situational analysis, and community‐engaged participatory approaches were utilized in application of a critical community resilience praxis (CCRP). First, an interagency collaborative entitled Mapuche Equipo Colaborativo para la Investigación de la Resiliencia (MECIR) was established. MECIR involved partnerships between a Chilean national research center for disasters, a nongovernmental organization of indigenous advocates/researchers, and a Mapuche community health center. MECIR completed semistructured interviews with 10 participants (N = 10) in addition to ethnographic observations. Four themes of resilience emerged: newen, “strength and spiritual life‐nature force”; azmapu, “ancestral systems of social organization and tribal law”; nietun, “cultural revitalization”; and marichiweu, “resistance.” Findings contribute to reconceptualizations of resilience from Mapuche perspectives while identifying culturally meaningful strategies for promoting racial justice and mental health equity. Results show benefits of CCRP in community psychology research in an international setting.