bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting and operationalizing indicators for a comparative sustainability assessment of urban agriculture on the example of vertical farming and community supported agriculture
Authors: Artmann Martina , Herzig Marie , John Henriette 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntensifying social-ecological urban challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and social injustices call for sustainable nature-based solutions. In this regard, bringing food production back into cities can be a major lever. However, so far a systematic comparison is lacking between the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of different types of urban agriculture. This paper addresses this research gap and adds to current sustainability research conceptually as well as empirically. Conceptually, we provide a structured workbook for how to select and operationalize indicators according to their feasibility and suitability for a comparative sustainability assessment of urban agriculture types. Empirically, the indicators have been exemplified in a comparative evaluation of community supported agriculture (CSA) and vertical farming. Based on a qualitative content analysis of its vision guidelines, the results suggest that CSA can be considered the more sustainable form of urban agriculture across all three sustainability dimensions. However, when taking into account that the major benefit of vertical farming in an urban context is its increase in food production efficiency, we suggest balancing its shortcomings and lack of vision on social justice, biodiversity conservation, and food quality by fostering a hybrid model of community supported vertical farming.
An Evaluation of the Readability, Quality, and Content of Online Disaster Preparedness Materials for the Society
Authors: Karagöz Bengisu , Öznur Muz F. Nehir , Sert Sibel , Aydilek Oğuz Han , Altındag M. Amine , Metintaş Selma , Önsüz M. Fatih 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A useful way to prepare the public for disasters is to teach them where to get information. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability and appropriateness of the content of websites prepared for the public on disaster preparedness.

Methods
In September-October 2022, we evaluated 95 disaster preparedness websites (intended for the public) using the Ateşman Readability Index, JAMA criteria, DISCERN, and a new researcher-created content comparison form. Evaluation scores were compared according to information sources.

Results
Of the websites included in the research, 45.2% represented government institutions (GIG), 38.0% non-profit organizations (NPOG), 8.4% municipal organizations (MOG), and 8.4% other organizations (OG). Those which scored above average on the websites were 36.8% on the content evaluation, 51.6% on the DISCERN scale, 53.7% on the Ateşman Readability Index, and 55.8% on the JAMA criteria. The content evaluation form showed that the scores of the websites belonging to the MOG were higher than the scores of the other websites. Others group websites also scored higher than altered websites on the JAMA criteria.

Conclusions
The study revealed that websites created to increase public knowledge on disaster preparedness are not good enough in terms of readability, quality, and content.
Evaluating possible sources of error in tree-ring 14C data using multiple trees across South America
Authors: Santos Guaciara M , Nguyen Lucas D , Griffin June N , de Oliveira Barreto Nathan , Ortega-Rodriguez Daigard R , Barbosa Ana Carolina , Assis-Pereira Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA limitation in fine-tuned tree-ring radiocarbon (14C) data is normally associated with overall data uncertainty. Tree-ring 14C data variance as a result of sample heterogeneity can be reduced by adopting best practices at the time of sample collection and subsequent preparation and analysis. Variance-reduction of 14C data was achieved by meticulous sample handling during increment core or cross-sectional cuttings, in-laboratory wood reductions, and cellulose fiber homogenization of whole rings. To demonstrate the performance of those procedures to final 14C results, we took advantage of the replicated data from assigned calendar years of two Pantropical post-1950 AD tree-ring 14C reconstructions. Two Cedrela fissilis Vell. trees spaced 22.5 km apart, and two trees of this species together with one Peltogyne paniculata Benth tree spaced 0.2 to 5 km apart were sampled in a tropical dry and moist forest, respectively. Replicate 14C data were then obtained from grouped tree-ring samples from each site. A total of 88% of the replicated 14C results fell into a remarkably consistent precision/accuracy range of 0.3% or less, even though multiple tree species were used as pairs/sets. This finding illustrates how adopting a few simple strategies, in tandem with already established chemical extraction procedures and high-precision 14C analysis, can improve 14C data results of tropical trees.
Understanding Black Women’s and Latinas’ Perspectives about Political Giving
Authors: Sanbonmatsu Kira 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGiving money to candidates is an important but unequal form of political voice. Among those Americans worst represented as campaign contributors are Black women and Latinas. Although inequalities in income and wealth fuel inequalities in campaign contributions, resources are an incomplete explanation. This study investigates, for Black women and Latinas, whether their views on donations to candidates differ from their views on other forms of civic and political engagement. The results, including the absence of a shared norm about giving to candidates, illuminate the challenges and opportunities of mobilizing a more representative group of campaign contributors.
Teaching Electoral Institutions Using In-Class Simulations
Authors: Brew Brian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how institutions shape outcomes is an important skill for students of American political science. Simulations in which students participate in mock elections structured by real-world institutions can serve as an effective tool to aid students’ learning. This article describes a model for a simulated 2020 Democratic Iowa caucus. Following official procedures, students engage in debates about which candidate to support and ultimately come to a final decision for their simulated precinct. The simulation helps students to understand the institutions that structure Iowa’s caucuses and assists them in forming conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of those institutions. This simulation was implemented in a course on political parties and elections in the Spring 2023 semester, where it proved to be an enjoyable exercise for students. It was reimplemented in the Spring 2024 semester as one of several simulated presidential nominations, and it proved to be a helpful teaching tool.
Impact of depressive symptoms on motivation in persons with post-COVID-19 condition
Authors: West Juliana , Kwan Angela T.H. , Teopiz Kayla M. , Guo Ziji , Le Gia Han , Badulescu Sebastian , Rhee Taeho Greg , Wong Sabrina , Cao Bing , Ho Roger , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Phan Lee , Subramaniapillai Mehala , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe World Health Organization (WHO) has defined Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) as the onset of symptoms within three months after resolution of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein symptoms persist for at least two months and cannot be explained by another medical/psychiatric condition. Persons living with PCC report debilitating symptoms including, but not limited to, depressive symptoms and motivational deficits. The aim of this post-hoc analysis was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and motivation in adults with PCC.MethodsWe conducted a post-hoc analysis of an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating adults (18 years or older) in Canada with WHO-defined PCC and cognitive symptoms. This post-hoc analysis is comprised of baseline data that evaluates the association between depressive symptom severity measured by the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS-SR-16) and motivational systems measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Questionnaire (BIS/BAS).ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between depressive symptoms and BIS (β = -0.041 95% CI [-0.066, -0.016], p<0.05), BAS reward responsiveness (β = 0.043 95% CI [0.012, 0.074], p<0.05), sex (β = -0.137 95% CI [-0.266, -0.008], p<0.05), and confirmed COVID-19 infection (β = 0.196 95% CI [0.061, 0.332], p<0.05).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms were associated with motivational deficits in persons living with PCC. Optimizing treatment for depressive symptoms may potentially improve aspects of motivational impairment amongst persons with PCC. All patients presenting with MDD and a history of COVID-19 infection should be assessed for the presence of PCC.
Impacts of Changing Atmospheric Circulation Patterns on Aviation Turbulence Over Europe
Authors: Alberti Tommaso , Faranda Davide , Rapella Lia , Coppola Erika , Lepreti Fabio , Dubrulle Bérengère , Carbone Vincenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAddressing aviation turbulence not only enhances passenger comfort but also help to reduce fuel consumption and environmental impact, supporting aviation sustainability. By using ERA5 reanalysis data we explore how changing atmospheric circulation, monitored via sea level pressure trends, impacts aviation turbulence over Europe. Our results show coherent climate anomalies, with rising turbulence intensity over the UK and Northern Europe where most events involve clear air turbulence, which occurs unexpectedly and without warning, particularly at flight altitudes. We also highlight a clear seasonal patterns in moderate‐or‐greater turbulence encounters, most frequent and intense in winter, with a key role of wind shears due to the sub‐tropical jet position over Southern Mediterranean. Our approach adds to previous studies on the same topic by analyzing individual atmospheric circulation pattern changes and their effects on turbulence‐related factors. This offers insight into how climate change affecting atmospheric dynamics may contribute to increased aviation turbulence.
Space Weather Induces Changes in the Composition of Atmospheric Escape at Mars
Authors: Hanley K. G. , Mitchell D. L. , Lillis R. , Fowler C. M. , McFadden J. P. , Jolitz R. , Xu S. , Benna M. , Espley J. , Eparvier F. , Curry S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMars' dayside ionosphere is maintained primarily by ionization from solar ultraviolet photons and subsequent chemical reactions, with small contributions from other mechanisms such as impact ionization and charge exchange. In December 2023, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission observed the impact of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) on Mars' ionosphere, including strongly enhanced fluxes of suprathermal electrons. We show that this enhancement in suprathermal electron fluxes increased ion production from electron impact, so that dayside electron impact ionization rates exceeded photoionization rates during the ICME. This change in ion production mechanisms led to unusually high densities of the minor ions and . Space weather events are known to increase ion escape rates, so changes in ion composition during space weather events have important implications for atmospheric evolution. We show that scaling nominal loss rates to account for space weather may underestimate carbon loss from Mars' atmosphere.
Comparing Point Source CO2 Emission Rate Estimates From Near‐Simultaneous OCO‐3 and EMIT Observations
Authors: Nelson R. R. , Cusworth D. H. , Thorpe A. K. , Kim J. , Elder C. D. , Nassar R. , Mastrogiacomo J.‐P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide () emissions from combustion sources are uncertain in many places across the globe. Here, we estimate emission rates from a small number of collocated observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐3 (OCO‐3) and the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), both onboard the International Space Station (ISS). These near‐simultaneous measurements allow for an unprecedented comparison of two unique space‐based sensors over both isolated coal‐fired power plants and multi‐source scenes in China. We estimate emission rates using integrated mass enhancement and a Gaussian plume model. Where validation data is available, 15 of the 19 estimated emission rates have errors less than 37%. For the multi‐source scenes, EMIT can estimate emissions from individual facilities but its aggregate emissions are 42% lower than OCO‐3, likely because it cannot detect small sources or diffuse emissions. OCO‐3, with its excellent precision, may better constrain emissions over the entire scene.
Scattering and Frequency Effects on Ultrasonic Velocities of Carbonates
Authors: Tisato Nicola , Spikes Kyle T. , Saxena Nishank , Hofmann Ronny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractScattering of elastic waves causes velocity dispersion, which increases uncertainty in seismic analysis. Understanding the sources of scattering and the degree of velocity dispersion are critical to improve subsurface imaging in efforts to locate resources and study subsurface processes. In addition to scattering, other mechanisms, such as the wave‐induced fluid flow in saturated rocks cause velocity dispersion. To study the effect of scattering on velocity dispersion, we conducted laboratory measurements of ultrasonic velocities on dry rock samples and performed wave‐propagation simulations on CT‐scanned 3D volumes of those samples. The set of samples consists of homogeneous and heterogeneous carbonate rocks with porosities between 3% and 26%. Ultrasonic velocities were measured at frequencies between 0.3 and 1 MHz, and numerical wave propagation simulations on the digital volumes were performed using an elastic approximation and a finite‐difference method. The homogeneous sample and the corresponding numerical simulations exhibit negligible velocity dispersion. On the other hand, heterogeneous samples exhibit significant dispersion, and the corresponding numerical simulations accurately reproduce the observed dispersion in terms of magnitude and frequency shift. We conclude that scattering has a first‐order effect on the velocities of the elastic waves in heterogeneous samples. This effect should be considered in conjunction with laboratory measurements in heterogeneous carbonates similar to those studied here. Furthermore, we illustrate a method to characterize frequency‐dependent ultrasonic velocities (i.e., dispersion) and show that finite‐difference modeling can reproduce the laboratory‐observed dispersion.
The 2022 MW 7.3 Southern Sumatra Tsunami Earthquake: Rupture Up‐Dip of the 2007 MW 8.4 Bengkulu Event
Authors: Xia Tao , Ye Lingling , Bai Yefei , Lay Thorne , Xu Shiqing , Kanamori Hiroo , Rivera Luis , Dwi Sriyanto Sesar Prabu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOn 18 November 2022, a large earthquake struck offshore southern Sumatra, generating a tsunami with 25 cm peak amplitude recorded at tide gauge station SBLT. Our W‐phase solution indicates a shallow dip of 6.2°, compatible with long‐period surface wave radiation patterns. Inversion of teleseismic body waves indicates a shallow slip distribution extending from about 10 km deep to near the trench with maximum slip of ∼4.1 m and seismic moment of Nm (MW 7.3). Joint modeling of seismic and tsunami data indicates a shallow rigidity of ∼23 GPa. We find a low moment‐scaled radiated energy of , similar to that of the 2010 MW 7.8 Mentawai event () and other tsunami earthquakes. These characteristics indicate that the 2022 event should be designated as a smaller moment magnitude tsunami earthquake compared to the other 12 well‐documented global occurrences since 1896. The 2022 event ruptured up‐dip of the 2007 MW 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake, demonstrating shallow seismogenic capability of a megathrust that had experienced both a deeper seismic event and adjacent shallow aseismic afterslip. We consider seismogenic behavior of shallow megathrusts and concern for future tsunami earthquakes in subduction zones globally, noting a correlation between tsunami earthquake occurrence and subducting seafloor covered with siliceous pelagic sediments. We suggest that the combination of pelagic clay and siliceous sediments and rough seafloor topography near the trench play important roles in controlling the genesis of tsunami earthquakes along Sumatra and other regions, rather than the subduction tectonic framework of accretionary or erosive margin.
Why Is the Monsoon Coastal Upwelling Signal Subdued in the Bay of Bengal?
Authors: Abbott Kathleen , Mahadevan Amala 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Indian summer monsoon, which brings heavy precipitation to the densely populated Indian subcontinent, plays an important role in the development of a coastal upwelling circulation that brings colder, nutrient‐rich water to the surface. Although the western shores of the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) both experience upwelling‐favorable winds during June‐August, only the AS coastline exhibits significant surface cooling. In contrast, the BoB remains warm and its upwelling is characterized by a transient, weak sea surface temperature (SST) response confined to the east coast of India. A weaker mean alongshore wind stress and coastal circulation do not sufficiently explain the lack of SST response in the BoB. Here, we examine other reasons for the differing behavior of these two coastal margins. Firstly, we show that while winds are persistently upwelling‐favorable in the western AS, intraseasonal wind variability in the BoB induces intermittent upwelling. Secondly, the vertical density stratification is controlled by salinity in the BoB, and upwelled waters are saltier, but only marginally cooler than surface waters. By contrast, the density in the AS is temperature‐controlled, and upwelled waters are substantially colder than the surface. Additionally, satellite‐based SST in the BoB does not adequately resolve the upwelling signal. Using a numerical model, we find that salinity stratification has a greater influence on the mean SST, while wind frequency alters near‐shore SST and its temporal variability. This work has implications for the sensitivity of upwelling regions and their response to wind stress and stratification in a warming climate.
Modeling the Impact of Tides and Geothermal Heat Flux on the Climate of Early Earth
Authors: Biewald Benjamin , Green J. A. Mattias , Petri Stefan , Feulner Georg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOn early Earth increased rates of tidal energy dissipation are likely, but depend on the (unknown) distribution of continents. A stronger tidal heating could provide an additional energy source during times of substantially lower solar input. So far, the problem has been assessed in terms of the negligible contribution to Earth's global energy budget. Here we present a spatially resolved investigation of the impact of tidal heating, mixing, and geothermal heat on early Earth's climate. Using a random landmass distribution, tidal heating is calculated for three different rotation periods (12, 18, 24 hr) and fed into a climate model. For each rotation rate, three climate states with different atmospheric levels are simulated. We find that, depending on the climate state, tidal heating can affect regional ocean dynamics and sea‐ice cover. The impact is strongest when tidal heating alters sea‐ice dynamics and meridional heat transport close to the sea‐ice edge, but its global impact remains negligible with only small global mean changes in ice cover (0.3%) and temperature (C). Adding tidal mixing and geothermal heat, however, leads to significant reduction in sea‐ice cover of 11% and 19%, respectively, and thus to larger global warming. As we do not consider the dynamical effects of a higher rotation rate or different landmass distributions, this is only a first glimpse at the importance of tides for the climate of early Earth. Nevertheless, our results suggest that tides and geothermal heat are important for understanding regional climates and could have contributed to warming early Earth.
Revegetation Impacts on Moisture Recycling and Precipitation Trends in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Cao Mingzhu , Wang Weiguang , Wei Jia , Forzieri Giovanni , Fetzer Ingo , Wang‐Erlandsson Lan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Loess Plateau in China has experienced a remarkable greening trend due to vegetation restoration efforts in recent decades. However, the response of precipitation to this greening remains uncertain. In this study, we identified and evaluated the main moisture source regions for precipitation over the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2019 using a moisture tracking model, the modified WAM‐2layers model, and the conceptual framework of the precipitationshed. By integrating multiple linear regression analysis with a conceptual hydrologically weighting method, we quantified the effective influence of different environmental factors for precipitation, particularly the effect of vegetation. Our analysis revealed that local precipitation has increased on average by 0.16 mm yr−1 and evaporation by 5.17 mm yr−1 over the period 2000–2019 after the initiation of the vegetation restoration project. Regional greening including the Loess Plateau contributed to precipitation for about 0.83 mm yr−1, among which local greening contributed for about 0.07 mm yr−1. Local vegetation contribution is due to both an enhanced local evaporation as well as an increased local moisture recycling (6.9% in 1982–1999; 8.3% in 2000–2019). Thus, our study shows that local revegetation had a positive effect on local precipitation, and the primary cause of the observed increase in precipitation over the Loess Plateau is due to a combination of local greening and circulation change. Our study underscores that increasing vegetation over the Loess Plateau has exerted strong influence on local precipitation and supports the positive effects for current and future vegetation restoration plans toward more resilient water resources managements.
Upcycled high-strength aluminum alloys from scrap through solid-phase alloying
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Li Xiao , Li Zehao , Liu Tingkun , Wang Xiang , Devaraj Arun , Powell Cindy A. , dos Santos Jorge F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough recycling secondary aluminum can lead to energy consumption reduction compared to primary aluminum manufacturing, products produced by traditional melt-based recycling processes are inherently limited in terms of alloy composition and microstructure, and thus final properties. To overcome the constraints associated with melting, we have developed a solid-phase recycling and simultaneous alloying method. This innovative process enables the alloying of 6063 aluminum scrap with copper, zinc, and magnesium to form a nanocluster-strengthened high-performance aluminum alloy with a composition and properties akin to 7075 aluminum alloy. The unique nanostructure with a high density of Guinier-Preston zones and uniformly precipitated nanoscale η‘/Mg(CuZn)2 strengthening phases enhances both yield and ultimate tensile strength by >200%. By delivering high-performance products from scrap that are not just recycled but upcycled, this scalable manufacturing approach provides a model for metal reuse, with the option for on-demand upcycling of a variety of metallic materials from scrap sources.