bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization‐independent multiband metamaterials absorber by fundamental cavity mode of multilayer microstructure
Authors: Fang Bo , Li Boya , Peng Yandong , Li Chenxia , Hong Zhi , Jing Xufeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose a multiband metamaterial absorber consisting of silicon brick array on metal substrate in infrared range. Using the regular hexagon array of silicon bricks, the absorption rate can reach to 90% over the bandwidth of 100 nm, and four absorption peaks with the absorption rate of more than 98% can be obtained. The absorber is independent on polarization angle. The multiband absorption performance can be attributed to primary cavity mode and Mie resonance in silicon bricks. Importantly, when the all‐dielectric silicon bricks are replaced by metal‐dielectric‐metal sandwich structure, the absorption rate above 75% with the bandwidth of more than 200 nm in the absorber can be realized, and it is polarization‐insensitive. The absorption peaks are increased to obtain broadband absorption. Our designed sandwich microstructure can generate the resonance effect of magnetic dipole among coupled layers, leading to the characteristics of broadband absorption.
Role of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures: A hemodynamic point of view
Authors: Qiu Yue , Wang Yi , Fan Yubo , Peng Liqing , Liu Rong , Zhao Jichun , Yuan Ding , Zheng Tinghui 
Published: June 2019

PurposeIntraluminal thrombus (ILTs) are found in most abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) of clinically relevant size; however, the role of ILTs in AAA ruptures remains unclear. This study investigated the role of the presence and thickness of ILTs in AAA ruptures by analyzing the hemodynamic environment in ruptured AAAs (RAAAs).MethodsThree‐dimensional reconstructions from computed tomography scans were performed, and 13 RAAA cases were categorized into a no‐ILT group, a thin‐layered ILT group (thickness < 3 mm), and a thick‐layered ILT group. The hemodynamic features of the RAAAs were assessed using computational fluid dynamics simulation.ResultsThe thin‐ and thick‐layered ILT groups showed significant differences in aneurysm diameters (P < 0.05). The three types of AAAs ruptured at different flow regions, with different hemodynamic features: (a) the no‐ILT AAAs ruptured at regions of flow recirculation where velocity and wall shear stresses (WSSs) were close to zero; (b) the thin‐layered ILT AAAs ruptured at sites at which the dominant flow impinged the wall; and (c) the thick‐layered ILT AAAs ruptured at the border of the dominant flow channel and recirculation zone where the flow velocity and pressure changed dramatically.ConclusionsHemodynamic characteristics influence the rupture mechanisms of particular AAAs differently on the basis of the presence and thickness of ILTs. Recirculation flows and low WSSs may have negative effects by inducing local rupture or positive effects by promoting the formation of thin‐layered ILTs. However, eccentrically located thick‐layered ILTs may increase the rupture risk of small AAAs because of their location in the sac lumen, which results in chaotic flow patterns and rapid increases in flow resistance.
Automatic quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular morphology in CT images
Authors: Zhai Zhiwei , Staring Marius , Hernández Girón Irene , Veldkamp Wouter J. H. , Kroft Lucia J. , Ninaber Maarten K. , Stoel Berend C. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeVascular remodeling is a significant pathological feature of various pulmonary diseases, which may be assessed by quantitative computed tomography (CT) imaging. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop and validate an automatic method for quantifying pulmonary vascular morphology in CT images.MethodsThe proposed method consists of pulmonary vessel extraction and quantification. For extracting pulmonary vessels, a graph‐cuts‐based method is proposed which considers appearance (CT intensity) and shape (vesselness from a Hessian‐based filter) features, and incorporates distance to the airways into the cost function to prevent false detection of airway walls. For quantifying the extracted pulmonary vessels, a radius histogram is generated by counting the occurrence of vessel radii, calculated from a distance transform‐based method. Subsequently, two biomarkers, slope α and intercept β, are calculated by linear regression on the radius histogram. A public data set from the VESSEL12 challenge was used to independently evaluate the vessel extraction. The quantitative analysis method was validated using images of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed vessel phantom, scanned by a clinical CT scanner and a micro‐CT scanner (to obtain a gold standard). To confirm the association between imaging biomarkers and pulmonary function, 77 scleroderma patients were investigated with the proposed method.ResultsIn the independent evaluation with the public data set, our vessel segmentation method obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.976. The median radius difference between clinical and micro‐CT scans of a 3D printed vessel phantom was 0.062 ± 0.020 mm, with interquartile range of 0.199 ± 0.050 mm. In the studied patient group, a significant correlation between diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and the biomarkers, α (R = −0.27, P = 0.018) and β (R = 0.321, P = 0.004), was obtained.ConclusionIn conclusion, the proposed method was validated independently using a public data set resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.976 and using a 3D printed vessel phantom data set, showing a vessel sizing error of 0.062 mm (0.16 in‐plane pixel units). The correlation between imaging biomarkers and diffusion capacity in a clinical data set confirmed an association between lung structure and function. This quantification of pulmonary vascular morphology may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular diseases.
Dosimetric evaluation of synthetic CT for head and neck radiotherapy generated by a patch‐based three‐dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Dinkla Anna M. , Florkow Mateusz C. , Maspero Matteo , Savenije Mark H. F. , Zijlstra Frank , Doornaert Patricia A. H. , van Stralen Marijn , Philippens Marielle E. P. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Seevinck Peter R. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a patch‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) to generate synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images for magnetic resonance (MR)‐only workflow for radiotherapy of head and neck tumors. A patch‐based deep learning method was chosen to improve robustness to abnormal anatomies caused by large tumors, surgical excisions, or dental artifacts. In this study, we evaluate whether the generated sCT images enable accurate MR‐based dose calculations in the head and neck region.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study on 34 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent both CT and MR imaging for radiotherapy treatment planning. To generate the sCTs, a large field‐of‐view T2‐weighted Turbo Spin Echo MR sequence was used from the clinical protocol for multiple types of head and neck tumors. To align images as well as possible on a voxel‐wise level, CT scans were nonrigidly registered to the MR (CTreg). The CNN was based on a U‐net architecture and consisted of 14 layers with 3 × 3 × 3 filters. Patches of 48 × 48 × 48 were randomly extracted and fed into the training. sCTs were created for all patients using threefold cross validation. For each patient, the clinical CT‐based treatment plan was recalculated on sCT using Monaco TPS (Elekta). We evaluated mean absolute error (MAE) and mean error (ME) within the body contours and dice scores in air and bone mask. Also, dose differences and gamma pass rates between CT‐ and sCT‐based plans inside the body contours were calculated.ResultssCT generation took 4 min per patient. The MAE over the patient population of the sCT within the intersection of body contours was 75 ± 9 Hounsfield Units (HU) (±1 SD), and the ME was 9 ± 11 HU. Dice scores of the air and bone masks (CTreg vs sCT) were 0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.70 ± 0.07, respectively. Dosimetric analysis showed mean deviations of −0.03% ± 0.05% for dose within the body contours and −0.07% ± 0.22% inside the >90% dose volume. Dental artifacts obscuring the CT could be circumvented in the sCT by the CNN‐based approach in combination with Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that typically is less prone to susceptibility artifacts.ConclusionsThe presented CNN generated sCTs from conventional MR images without adding scan time to the acquisition. Dosimetric evaluation suggests that dose calculations performed on the sCTs are accurate, and can therefore be used for MR‐only radiotherapy treatment planning of the head and neck.
Testing for response shift in treatment evaluation of change in self‐reported psychopathology amongst secondary psychiatric care outpatients
Authors: Carlier Ingrid V.E. , van Eeden Wessel A. , de Jong Kim , Giltay Erik J. , van Noorden Martijn S. , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina , Zitman Frans G. , Kelderman Henk , van Hemert Albert M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesIf patients change their perspective due to treatment, this may alter the way they conceptualize, prioritize, or calibrate questionnaire items. These psychological changes, also called “response shifts,” may pose a threat to the measurement of therapeutic change in patients. Therefore, it is important to test the occurrence of response shift in patients across their treatment.MethodsThis study focused on self‐reported psychological distress/psychopathology in a naturalistic sample of 206 psychiatric outpatients. Longitudinal measurement invariance tests were computed across treatment in order to detect response shifts.ResultsCompared with before treatment, post‐treatment psychopathology scores showed an increase in model fit and factor loading, suggesting that symptoms became more coherently interrelated within their psychopathology domains. Reconceptualization (depression/mood) and reprioritization (somatic and cognitive problems) response shift types were found in several items. We found no recalibration response shift.ConclusionThis study provides further evidence that response shift can occur in adult psychiatric patients across their mental health treatment. Future research is needed to determine whether response shift implies an unwanted potential bias in treatment evaluation or a desired cognitive change intended by treatment.
Open‐label pilot study of oral methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with friedreich ataxia
Authors: Patel Maya , Schadt Kimberly , McCormick Ashley , Isaacs Charles , Dong Yi Na , Lynch David R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we assessed the effect of methylprednisolone on safety, tolerability, and ability in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA).MethodsThe study was an open‐label trial of pulse methylprednisolone on 11 participants with FRDA. All participants followed a 28‐day treatment cycle, repeated 7 times. Patients were assessed with the timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), 1‐minute walk (1MW), the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS), and the 9‐hole peg test (9HPT). Efficacy was tested by comparing baseline and week 26 visits, separated into adult and pediatric groups.ResultsIn comparisons of participants’ baseline and week 26 visits, only the pediatric cohort's 1MW score showed change (P < 0.05). The T25FW, the primary outcome measure, did not change significantly.DiscussionPediatric participants improved their gait distance in the 1MW, but did not significantly improve in other measures in this overall negative study. Methylprednisolone was generally well tolerated, suggesting that it may be useful for ambulatory children with FRDA if benefit is found with further study.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for reaching and maintaining critical state
Authors: Theocharis Alexandros I. , Vairaktaris Emmanouil , Dafalias Yannis F. , Papadimitriou Achilleas G. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAccording to classical critical state theory (CST) of granular mechanics, two analytical conditions on the ratio of stress invariants and the void ratio are postulated to be necessary and sufficient for reaching and maintaining critical state (CS). The present work investigates the sufficiency of these two conditions based on the results of a virtual three‐dimensional discrete element method experiment, which imposes continuous rotation of the principal axes of stress with fixed stress principal values at CS. Even though the fixity of the stress principal values satisfies the two analytical CST conditions at the initiation of rotation, contraction and abandonment of CS occur, which proves that these conditions may be necessary but are not sufficient to maintain CS. But if fixity of stress and strain rate directions in regard to the sample is considered at CS, the two analytical conditions of CST remain both necessary and sufficient. The recently proposed anisotropic critical state theory (ACST) turned this qualitative requirement of fixity into an analytical condition related to the CS value of a fabric anisotropy variable A defined in terms of an evolving fabric tensor and the plastic strain rate direction, thus, enhancing the two CST conditions by a third. In this way, the three analytical conditions of ACST become both necessary and sufficient for reaching and maintaining CS. In addition, the use of A explains the observed results by relating the stress‐strain response, in particular the dilatancy, to the evolution of fabric by means of the relevant equations of ACST.
Dispersion analysis of the gradient weighted finite element method for acoustic problems in one, two, and three dimensions
Authors: Wang Gang , Zeng Guodong , Cui Xiangyang , Feng Shizhe 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper reports a detailed analysis on the numerical dispersion error in solving one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional acoustic problems governed by the Helmholtz equation using the gradient weighted finite element method (GW‐FEM) in comparison with the standard FEM and the modified methods presented in the literatures. The discretized system equations derived based on the gradient weighted operation corresponding to the considered method are first briefed. The discrete dispersion relationships relating the exact and numerical wave numbers defined in different dimensions are then formulated, which will be further used to investigate the dispersion effect mainly caused by the approximation of field variables. The influence of nondimensional wave number and wave propagation angle on the dispersion error is detailedly studied. Comparisons are made with the classical FEM and high‐performance algorithms. Results of both theoretical and numerical experiments show that the present method can effectively reduce the pollution effect in computational acoustics owning to its crucial effectiveness in handing the dispersion error in the discrete numerical model.
Overvaluation of Weight or Shape and Loss‐of‐Control Eating Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ivezaj Valentina , Wiedemann Ashley A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveLittle is known regarding overvaluation of weight or shape, a key cognitive feature of eating disorders, among individuals with disordered eating following bariatric surgery. This study examined the significance of overvaluation of weight or shape among post‐bariatric surgery patients with loss‐of‐control (LOC) eating.MethodsParticipants were 145 individuals who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy within the previous 6 months and reported regular LOC eating. Overvaluation of weight or shape, LOC eating, and eating disorder psychopathology were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE)‐Bariatric Surgery Version interview; depressive symptoms and disability were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), respectively.ResultsOvervaluation of weight or shape, examined continuously, was correlated significantly with higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology (EDE), depression (BDI‐II), and disability (SDS). Categorically, using established clinical cut points, relative to the subclinical overvaluation group (n = 70 [48.3%]), the clinical overvaluation group (n = 75 [51.7%]) reported significantly greater frequency of LOC eating episodes and higher EDE, BDI‐II, and SDS scores. The two groups did not differ significantly in current BMI or percent weight loss following surgery.ConclusionsThese findings, which highlight the clinical significance of overvaluation of weight or shape among patients with LOC eating following bariatric surgery, are similar to those previously reported for binge‐eating disorder. Postoperatively, overvaluation of weight or shape was associated with greater eating disorder psychopathology, depression, and disability.
Outcome of relapse in children and adolescents with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mature acute leukemia: A report from the French LMB study
Authors: Rigaud Charlotte , Auperin Anne , Jourdain Anne , Haouy Stephanie , Couec Marie‐Laure , Aladjidi Nathalie , Gandemer Virginie , Lambliotte Anne , Plat Geneviève , Landman‐Parker Judith , Michon Jean , Leblanc Thierry , Patte Catherine , Minard‐Colin Veronique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn order to describe relapsed B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mature acute leukemia in children/adolescents treated with the Lymphomes Malins B (LMB) regimen and their outcome in the rituximab era, relapses in the French LMB2001 study were reviewed.MethodsBetween February 2001 and December 2011, 33 patients out of 773 (4.3%) relapsed; 27 had Burkitt lymphoma and six large B‐cell histology. Median age at diagnosis was 10.1 years. One patient was initially treated in risk group A, 21 in group B, and 11 in group C.ResultsMedian time to relapse after diagnosis was 4.5 months (range 2.4‐13.6). Thirty‐two patients received salvage therapy. Twenty‐seven received rituximab mainly in addition to high‐dose cytarabine and etoposide (n = 18) and/or ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (n = 7). First‐line salvage chemotherapy response rate was 66% with 47% being complete remission (CR). Twenty‐one patients received high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous (n = 13) or allogeneic (n = 8) transplant. With a median follow‐up of 6.8 years, the 5‐year survival rate after relapse was 36.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22‐53%). Twelve patients were still alive; all but one (group A) received consolidation treatment. Achieving CR before consolidation was significantly associated with better survival, with a 5‐year survival rate of 75% (95% CI 46.8‐91.1%) for patients in CR before HDC, 33% (95% CI 9.7‐70%) for patients in partial remission, and 0% for nonresponders (P = .033).ConclusionSurvival of children/adolescents with mature B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia remains poor after relapse with no apparent improvement with rituximab. Response rates to salvage chemo‐immunotherapies are insufficient and new drugs are urgently needed to improve disease control.
RNA‐Binding Motif Protein 6 is a Candidate Serum Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Duan Baojun , Hu Xiaoyan , Fan Meiyang , Xiong Xiaofan , Han Lin , Wang Zheng , Tong Dongdong , Liu Liying , Wang Xiaofei , Li Wensheng , Yang Juan , Huang Chen 
Published: June 2019

PurposeEarly diagnosis is crucial to improve outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients (PC). The present study is designed to identify differently expressed peptides involved in PC as potential biomarkers.Experimental DesignThe serum proteome of 22 PC patients, 12 pancreatitis patients (PP), and 45 healthy controls (HC) are analyzed using magnetic bead‐based weak cation exchange (MB‐WCX) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Next, a supervised neural network (SNN) algorithm model is established by ClinProTools and the candidate biomarker identified using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Finally, the candidate biomarker is validated in tissue samples.ResultsThe SNN algorithm model discriminates PC from HC with 92.97% sensitivity and 94.55% specificity. Seventy‐six differentially expressed peptides are identified, seven of which are significantly different among PC, PP, and HC (p < 0.05). Only one peak (m/z: 1466.99) tends to be upregulated in samples from HC, PP, and PC, which is identified as region of RNA‐binding motif protein 6 (RBM6). In subsequent tissue analysis, it is verified that RBM6 expression is significantly higher in PC tissues than paracancerous tissue.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe results indicate that RBM6 might serve as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for PC.Clinical RelevanceMethods used in this study could generate serum peptidome profiles of PC, PP, and HC, and present an approach to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis of this malignancy.
Field‐evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to Cry34/35Ab1 and other Bacillus thuringiensis traits in transgenic maize
Authors: Gassmann Aaron J , Shrestha Ram B , Kropf Abigail L , St Clair Coy R , Brenizer Ben D 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTransgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely planted to manage agricultural insect pests. However, widespread adoption of Bt crops has led to the evolution of Bt resistance. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is among the most serious pests of maize in the midwestern United States and is currently managed with Bt maize. To date, there is evidence of field‐evolved resistance to all Bt toxins used to manage this pest. While western corn rootworm resistance to Cry3Bb1, and the closely related mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab traits, is widely distributed within the Midwest, fewer cases of Cry34/35Ab1 resistance have been observed, and planting of Cry34/35Ab1 maize is one of the methods used to manage Cry3‐resistant rootworm.RESULTSWe found that fields with high levels of root injury to Cry34/35Ab1 maize by western corn rootworm were associated with Cry34/35Ab1‐resistant western corn rootworm. Additionally, a population not associated with high levels of root injury was found to be resistant to Cry34/35Ab1. In all cases, populations that were resistant to Cry34/35Ab1 also were resistant to Cry3 traits.CONCLUSIONSWestern corn rootworm resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 has continued to persist in the agricultural landscape and has likely increased. The presence of rootworm populations with resistance to all available Bt traits threatens the utility of current and future transgenic technologies to manage this pest. Decreased reliance on Cry34/35Ab1 and better use of integrated pest management will be essential to preserve Bt susceptibility in western corn rootworm. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry