bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving cole crop safety and weed control response with chloroacetamide and oxyfluorfen herbicide combinations
Authors: Sosnoskie Lynn M. , Besançon Thierry E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 2022, trials were carried out in New Jersey and New York to assess the efficacy of weed management and the response of two cole crops to various herbicide combinations and rates. The experiments involved the application of S-metolachlor and microencapsulated (ME) acetochlor either alone or combined with oxyfluorfen. Different application timings of oxyfluorfen were tested in greenhouse and field studies. Results from the greenhouse trials show that substituting S–metolachlor with ME acetochlor in over-the-top applied mixes with oxyfluorfen caused 15% to 22% less crop injury and increased seedling biomass by 33%. In field studies, nontreated plots exhibited significant weed growth, reaching up to 71% coverage 28 d after transplanting (DATr), whereas herbicide-treated plots exhibited weed cover at or below 10% by 28 DATr. Mixtures or sequential applications of oxyfluorfen and chloroacetamides achieved excellent control (≥99%) of the weed species complex compared to single applications of oxyfluorfen or chloroacetamides. However, applying both oxyfluorfen and a chloroacetamide posttransplanting, either as a tank mixture or in sequence, resulted in ≥19% injury. Despite the effective weed control achieved with herbicide treatments, mixing herbicides posttransplanting reduced relative commercial yield by 46% to 94% compared to oxyfluorfen applied alone or followed by chloroacetamides. The findings from these experiments will inform regional crop safety guidelines and support potential modifications to oxyfluorfen labels regarding sequential applications with chloroacetamides.
Italian Ryegrass Control Using a Capsule Suspension Formulation of S-metolachlor in Fenclorim-treated wheat
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Noe Samuel C. , Avent Tristen H. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trent L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Italian ryegrass control is one of the most significant limitations in wheat production in the United States today. Resistance to Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC)/Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Groups 1, 2, and 9 in Arkansas have further complicated postemergence control, whereas residual herbicides still show effective weed control. One problem is the potential of HRAC/WSSA Group 15 herbicides to injure wheat when applied preemergence, indicating the need for a herbicide safener. A series of experiments were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate crop tolerance and Italian ryegrass control using a capsule suspension (CS) formulation of S-metolachlor in conjunction with fenclorim-treated wheat. Experiments were conducted as a two-factor factorial with S-metolachlor applied at three rates (0.37, 0.74, and 1.12 kg ai ha–1) and a microencapsulated formulation of acetochlor at 1.05 kg ai ha–1, and three rates of a fenclorim seed treatment at 0, 0.5, and 2.0 g ai kg–1 of seed. Separate experiments utilized either a preemergence (PRE) or a delayed-preemergence (DPRE) application timing. In both experiments, S-metolachlor at 0.74 and 1.12 kg ai ha–1 provided 77% to 96% control of Italian ryegrass by preharvest, whereas acetochlor only provided 49% to 72% control. Visible wheat injury from PRE applications ranged from 7% to 49% for all treatments 21 d after treatment (DAT), with a reduction in injury when fenclorim-treated wheat was used for both the 0.74 and 1.12 kg ai ha–1 rate of S-metolachlor. In the DPRE experiments, wheat injury ranged from 5% to 16% 21 DAT with no noticeable safening from the presence of fenclorim at any herbicide rate. The results of these experiments indicate that a DPRE application using a CS formulation of S-metolachlor would be more favorable for producers to mitigate the potential for injury to wheat while providing Italian ryegrass control. Additionally, at the DPRE application timing, fenclorim is unnecessary for S-metolachlor to be safely applied at the rates evaluated.
Complementary activity of trifludimoxazin and saflufenacil when used in combination for postemergence and residual weed control
Authors: Parra Rapado Liliana , Kölpin Frederik Uwe Gerhard , Zeyer Silke , Anders Ulrike , Piccard Laurent , Porri Aimone , Asher Scott 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Trifludimoxazin is a new herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and is targeted for commercial market introduction in North America, South America, and Asia. It will be available both as a stand-alone product and in a 1:2 mixture with saflufenacil. The herbicide is intended for use in preplant burndown and preemergence applications in cereal, corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and pulse crops to control a variety of annual broadleaf and grass weed species. Additionally, it is intended to be used in tree crops, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), and non-crop areas. In this study, we meticulously evaluated the performance and effectiveness of both the stand-alone herbicide and the innovative mixture concept in combating prevalent weeds commonly encountered in corn and soybean fields. Our findings revealed that both products exhibited exceptional efficacy, significantly reducing the presence of these troublesome weeds. Furthermore, the mixture concept not only demonstrated commendable soil mobility but also showcased impressive residual activity, positioning it as a powerful tool for sustainable weed control. These promising effects are further substantiated by our comprehensive adsorption–distribution–metabolism–extraction (ADME) studies, which provide insight into the behavior and longevity of the herbicides in the agricultural ecosystem.
Synergistic Impact of Diurnal Warm Layers and Inertial Wave Mixing on Sea Surface Temperature Warming and Upper Ocean Stratification
Authors: Hsu Je‐Yuan , Chang Ming‐Huei , Jan Sen , Yang Yiing Jang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study two sea surface temperature (SST) warming events and upper ocean stratification changes in the northern South China Sea in 2022 using data from an EM‐APEX float and satellite observations. The diurnal warm layers (DWLs) and the increasing buoyancy frequency N2 above the top of the thermocline can restrict the penetration depth of nighttime convection and wind‐driven mixing, which prevents cooler water from mixing upward, allowing solar heating to increase the SST by more than 1°C in a few days. The stratification budget approach is used to reproduce observations below 40 m despite some uncertainties in estimating variables such as horizontal gradient. After the first SST warming event, the stratification changes in the subsurface layers constituted by an increase in N2 above 70 m and a decrease below this depth can be attributed to the combined effects of turbulent diffusion and vertical advection rather than to horizontal advection or penetrative solar radiation. This ocean interior mixing is likely caused by the shear of near‐inertial waves at ∼50 m, when the nighttime convection could not penetrate through the DWL's base around 20 m. The stratification budget approach fails to simulate the changes above 40 m after the second SST warming event partly due to the presence of a near‐surface freshwater layer. Our observations offer insights into the effect of inertial wave‐induced mixing in the ocean interior when near‐surface stratified layers are present, which can lead to changes in upper ocean stratification and SST.
Organic Coatings Reduce Dissolution Rate by an Order of Magnitude for Carbonate Minerals Produced by Marine Fish
Authors: Oehlert Amanda M. , Walls Sarah , Arista Katelyn , Garza Jazmin , Folkerts Erik J. , Vitek Brooke E. , Tale Masoule Sadegh , Pollier Clément G. L. , Duchâtellier Gaëlle , Stieglitz John D. , Benetti Daniel D. , Heuer Rachael M. , Ghahremaninezhad Ali , Grosell Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarine carbonate production and dissolution are important components of the global carbon cycle and the marine alkalinity budget. Global carbonate production by marine fish (ichthyocarbonate) has been estimated to be as high as 9.03 Pg CaCO3 yr−1; however, the fate of ichthyocarbonate is poorly understood. High magnesium concentrations in ichthyocarbonate would traditionally suggest rapid dissolution under current marine conditions, but a correlation between dissolution rate and mol%MgCO3 has not been observed. Here, we aim to determine the role of organic coatings on dissolution rates of ichthyocarbonate in marine environments. We applied a combination of petrographic, geochemical, and microCT approaches to assess the quantity and distribution of organic matter in ichthyocarbonate produced by two species of marine fish, the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and the Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We show that organic matter, including external coatings and embedded organic material, is volumetrically significant, ranging from 8.5% to 32.3% of ichthyocarbonate by volume. Bleach oxidation of external organic matter coatings increased the dissolution rate of ichthyocarbonate by more than an order of magnitude, suggesting these coatings serve to reduce reactive surface area of the mineral fraction in ichthyocarbonate. Assuming that organic coatings do not influence sinking rates, external coatings extend the depth of ichthyocarbonate persistence in the water column by ∼12–15×. Therefore, organic coatings are an important determinant of the role of ichthyocarbonate in the marine carbon cycle.
Insights Into Magma Reservoir Dynamics From a Global Comparison of Volcanic and Plutonic Zircon Trace Element Variability in Individual Hand Samples
Authors: Ratschbacher Barbara C. , Keller C. Brenhin , Cooper Kari M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrace element compositional trends in zircons separated from single hand samples have been used to infer dynamic processes in magma reservoirs. Here, we compile published zircon trace element chemistry to quantify any systematic difference between the range of compositions observed in zircon from individual volcanic and plutonic hand samples and compare these results with geochemical modeling to derive implications for magma reservoir dynamics. We find that both rock types span a wide range of hand‐sample scale variability (i.e., wide range of coefficients of variation), but there is no systematic difference in the average variability between plutonic and volcanic samples (i.e., no difference in the mean coefficient of variation). This indicates that dynamic processes related to eruption are not necessarily required as a fundamental process to create hand sample‐scale compositional heterogeneity beyond what is present due to dynamic processes in the reservoir recorded in plutonic samples. Modeling of felsic systems (>68.5 wt.% SiO2) indicates that the similar average variability in felsic volcanic and plutonic hand samples cannot be reproduced by closed‐system crystallization of compositionally distinct melts locally within a magma reservoir (i.e., isolated melt pockets in a crystal mush) but requires mixing of at least two felsic melt compositions at a small spatial scale. This study provides a framework for focused studies on individual volcanic‐plutonic systems exploring how plutonic and volcanic zircon compositional variability records the time and length scales of magma reservoir processes.
McDonald Islands Phonolitic Lavas: Evidence for Zonation of the Kerguelen Plume
Authors: Fox J. M. , Falloon T. J. , Carey R. J. , Watson S. J. , Duncan R. A. , Olin P. H. , Arculus R. J. , Coffin M. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe McDonald Islands, together with Heard Island and the Kerguelen Archipelago, are volcanic islands on the mostly submerged Kerguelen Plateau, and the products of the long‐lived Kerguelen mantle plume (at least 130 Myr; Coffin et al., 2002, https://doi.org/10.25919/jw5f‐ad35). The first multibeam bathymetry data acquired around the Heard and McDonald islands reveal > 70 sea knolls surrounding the McDonald Islands and three sea knolls north of Heard Island. Rocks dredged from McDonald Islands sea knolls include fresh vesicular phonolitic lavas, phonolitic obsidian, phonolitic pillow fragments, and one basanite. These are the first phonolites sampled from the seafloor on the Kerguelen Plateau. Dredging of one sea knoll north of Heard Island recovered basaltic lavas. Lavas from the sea knolls are young, returning 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 73.7 ± 15.1 ka to 7.0 ± 2.7 ka for McDonald Islands sea knoll phonolites and 9.0 ± 1.3 ka for the Heard Island sea knoll. We define a new magma series, the McDonald Series, characterized by low εHf (−3.9 to −4.4) and lower Δ207Pb/204Pb (4.5–4.8) and Δ208Pb/204Pb (79–85) than all other lavas on the Kerguelen Plateau. This newly defined series is the product of a relatively young (Pleistocene‐Holocene) phase of volcanism produced by a distinct component of the Kerguelen mantle plume. We propose that McDonald Series phonolites together with 53.4 Ma lavas previously dredged from Ninetyeast Ridge provide evidence for zonation of the Kerguelen mantle plume.
Planetary Health Booms: Unpacking the Surge in Research Across the Globe Through Joint‐Point Analysis
Authors: Vaghela Gladson , Khan Zeeshan Ali , Elsheikh Randa , Makram Abdelrahman M. , Fatima Arshia , Makram Omar Mohamed , He Fei , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlanetary Health (PH) is a relatively new field that studies the sciences behind the interaction between the environment, living organisms, and human health. The number of publications in this field has increased exponentially in the past few years. This study analyzed the trend of using the term “PH” in literature. We searched PubMed for all publications (APP) and those mentioning Planetary Health (APmPH) without limitations on text availability, dates, or species. The publication trend was estimated using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 identified periods with statistically distinct log‐linear trends in publication numbers over time. Bonferroni adjustment determined significant trend shifts. The time frame of the retrieved APP and APmPH results ranged from 2002 to 2022 with a publication boom since 2017. The most common study designs were reviews, followed by comments and editorials. The APP, APmPH, and the proportion of APmPH to APP steadily increased from 2002 to 2022, with an AAPC of 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4%–7.6%, p < 0.001), 35.7 (95% CI: 21.3%–51.9%, p < 0.001), and 28.1% (95% CI: 15.2–42.5, p < 0.001), respectively. The term “PH” is increasingly prominent in academic literature, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary efforts. Its growing usage also highlights the need for recognition in Medical Subject Headings by the National Library of Medicine.
Iron Content‐Dependence of Ferropericlase Elastic Properties Across the Spin Crossover From Novel Experiments and Machine Learning
Authors: Trautner V. E. , Rijal A. , Plueckthun C. , Satta N. , Koemets E. , Buchen J. , Wang B. , Glazyrin K. , Cobden L. , Marquardt H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe iron spin crossover in (Mg1‐xFex)O ferropericlase causes changes to its physical properties that are expected to affect seismic velocities in Earth's lower mantle. We present new time‐resolved pressure‐volume measurements of iron‐rich ferropericlase (xFe = 0.40, 0.59) and combine the results with literature data with xFe = 0.04–0.6 to investigate the dependence of ferropericlase elastic properties on iron content. We infer the relationship between unit‐cell volume, pressure and iron content directly from the data by training Mixture Density Networks and derive bulk modulus, density and bulk sound velocity from the outputs. This allows us to constrain the effect of the spin crossover on these properties and estimate their uncertainties for different iron contents. Our findings indicate that the spin crossover may significantly alter the physical properties of ferropericlase in iron‐enriched regions in the lowermost mantle, with implications for the interpretation of seismic heterogeneities observed near the core‐mantle boundary.
Baffin Bay Ice Export and Production From Sentinel‐1, the RADARSAT Constellation Mission, and CryoSat‐2: 2016–2022
Authors: Howell S. E. L. , Babb D. G. , Landy J. C. , Moore G. W. K. , Ballinger T. J. , McNeil K. , Montpetit B. , Brady M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBaffin Bay is located between Greenland and several islands of the Canadian Arctic, providing a conduit for the downstream transport of ice and freshwater to the North Atlantic via Davis Strait. Using satellite observations from Sentinel‐1, the RADARSAT Constellation Mission, and CryoSat‐2, we estimated the sea ice export through Davis Strait and winter ice production in Baffin Bay from 2016 to 2022. The average annual ice export for this 6‐year period was 981 ± 193 × 103 km2 for area 816 ± 130 km3 for volume, and 653 ± 130 km3 for solid freshwater, all of which are considerably higher than previously reported estimates. The average winter ice area production upstream of Davis Strait was 758 × 103 km2 and the volume production was 589 km3 indicating that more than 80% of the ice exported out of Baffin Bay was produced locally. Compared to Fram Strait, sea ice fluxes through Davis Strait represent ∼59% of the volume and ∼111% of the area.
Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry of the Magnetopause Distance Under the Parker Spiral Configuration of the IMF
Authors: Janda B. , Němec F. , Němeček Z. , Šafránková J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the magnetopause radial distance under the Parker (and ortho‐Parker) configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is investigated. An extensive data set of about 50,000 magnetopause crossings identified in the data from the THEMIS A‐E, Magion 4, Geotail, and Interball‐1 satellites is used for this purpose. It is shown that the magnetopause radial distances are larger at the side where the IMF is quasi‐parallel to the bow shock normal than at the side where IMF is quasi‐perpendicular to the bow shock normal. The effect is more significant at the flanks than close to the subsolar point. This introduces a significant asymmetry of the magnetopause shape, with the difference in the magnetopause radial distances being as large as about one Earth radius beyond the terminator. The experimental results are confirmed by a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, demonstrating that the asymmetry can be explained by MHD effects, without considering foreshock transients. This MHD model is further used to investigate the evolution of individual pressure components across the magnetopause and contrast them in quasi‐parallel and quasi‐perpendicular cases.
Influence of Ocean Currents on Wave Modeling and Satellite Observations: Insights From the One Ocean Expedition
Authors: Altiparmaki Ourania , Breivik Øyvind , Aouf Lotfi , Bohlinger Patrik , Johannessen Johnny A. , Collard Fabrice , Donlon Craig , Hope Gaute , Visser Pieter N. A. M. , Naeije Marc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of ocean currents on wave modeling and satellite observations using in situ wave measurements from the One Ocean Expedition 2021–2023. In January 2023, six OpenMetBuoy drifters were deployed in the Agulhas Current region. Their high immersion ratio minimized wind effects, allowing them to follow the current and return to the Indian Ocean by the Agulhas retroflection, collecting data for about 2 months. Comparing surface current velocities from both the Mercator model and Globcurrent product with drifter data reveals underestimation for velocities over with Mercator showing greater variability. Significant wave height and Stokes drift parameters from MFWAM and ERA5 were also evaluated against drifters. Both models tend to overestimate Stokes drift more noticeable in ERA5, indicating sensitivity to wind seas. For significant wave height, both models agree well with drifter measurements with correlations of 0.90 for MFWAM and 0.83 for ERA5. However, ERA5's lack of surface current data combined with its coarse resolution (0.5) lead to underestimation of wave heights exceeding 2.5 m. MFWAM products including and excluding currents exhibit root mean square errors of 0.39 and 0.45 m, respectively, when compared to drifter measurements. This confirms that neglecting currents introduces additional errors particularly in areas with sharp current gradients. Analyzing MFWAM wave spectra, including and excluding currents, reveals wave energy transfer attributed to wave‐current interactions. The spatial extent of these interactions is captured by satellite altimeters, revealing wave modulations with considerable wave height variations when waves cross eddies and the current core.
Using DIC‐δ13C Pair to Constrain Anthropogenic Carbon Increase in the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean Over the Most Recent Decade (2010–2020)
Authors: Gao Hui , Jin Meibing , Zhao Hui , Hussain Najid , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe southeastern Atlantic Ocean is a crucial yet understudied region for the ocean absorption of anthropogenic carbon (Canth). Data from the A12 (2020) and A13.5 (2010) cruises offer an opportunity to examine changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), its stable isotope (δ13C), and Canth over the past decade within a limited region (1∼3°E, 32∼42°S). For the decade of 2010–2020, Canth invasion was observed from the sea surface down to 1,200 m based on both DIC and δ13C data. The mean Canth increase rate (1.08 ± 0.26 mol m−2 yr−1) during this period accelerated from 0.87 ± 0.05 mol m−2 yr−1 during the previous period (1983/84–2010). The δ13C‐based Canth increase closely matches the DIC‐based estimation below 500 m but is 26% higher in the upper ocean. This discrepancy is likely due to δ13C's longer air‐sea exchange timescale, seasonal variability in the upper ocean, and the chosen ratio of anthropogenically induced changes in δ13C and DIC. Finally, column inventory changes based on the two methods also exhibit very similar mean Canth uptake rates. The paired DIC concentration and stable isotope dataset may enhance our ability to constrain Canth accumulation and its controlling mechanisms in the ocean.
Unsteady Secondary Flow Structure at a Large River Confluence
Authors: Xu Lei , Yuan Saiyu , Vermeulen Bart , Qiu Jiajian , Jongbloed Henk , Tang Hongwu , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRiver confluences, which are characterized by complex hydrodynamics, are key nodes for flood control and environmental protection. Two field surveys were carried out at the confluence of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake to investigate the transient character of flow structures, which are often assumed steady. Repeat‐transect acoustic Doppler current profile measurements were processed and analyzed, adopting a new method to separate mean flow from turbulence and measurement error based on physics‐informed generalized Tikhonov regularization. The two field surveys were characterized by two distinct mixing interface modes: A so‐called Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) mode, and a wake mode. In KH mode, large‐scale flow fluctuations were observed. These flow fluctuations exert a substantial influence on the alternation of secondary flows by changing the water surface pressure gradient, affecting the intensity of secondary flows rather than their spatial structure. We infer that temperature‐induced stratification is the main cause of this. In the wake mode, multiple vortices in the wake region at the confluence apex also produced flow fluctuations, directly related to the primary velocity gradient. We argue that even for constant incoming flows, secondary flow at river confluences can exhibit channel‐scale unsteadiness related to migration of the turbulent mixing interface. Our findings highlight the crucial role of density effects in regulating secondary flow unsteadiness, which is essential for understanding contaminant and sediment dispersal in river systems.