bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Civil–Military Relationships: A Feasibility Study of a United Kingdom Deployment in South Sudan
Authors: Horne S. T. , Gurney I. , Smith J.E. , Sullivan R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Civil–military relationships are necessary in humanitarian emergencies but, if poorly managed, may be detrimental to the efforts of humanitarian organizations. Awareness of guidelines and understanding of risks relating to the relationship among deployed military personnel have not been evaluated.Methods:Fifty-five military and 12 humanitarian healthcare workers in South Sudan completed questionnaires covering experience, training and role, agreement with statements about the deployment, and free text comments.Results:Both cohorts were equally aware of current guidance. Eight themes defined the relationship. There was disagreement about the benefit to the South Sudanese people of the military deployment, and whether military service was compatible with beneficial health impacts. Two key obstacles to the relationship and 3 areas the relationship could be developed were identified.Conclusion:This study shows that United Kingdom military personnel are effectively trained and understand the constraints on the civil–military relationship. Seven themes in common between the groups describe the relationship. Current guidance could be adapted to allow a different relationship for healthcare workers.
Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide
Authors: Danson Colin N. , Haefner Constantin , Bromage Jake , Butcher Thomas , Chanteloup Jean-Christophe F. , Chowdhury Enam A. , Galvanauskas Almantas , Gizzi Leonida A. , Hein Joachim , Hillier David I. , Hopps Nicholas W. , Kato Yoshiaki , Khazanov Efim A. , Kodama Ryosuke , Korn Georg , Li Ruxin , Li Yutong , Limpert Jens , Ma Jingui , Nam Chang Hee , Neely David , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Penman Rory R. , Qian Liejia , Rocca Jorge J. , Shaykin Andrey A. , Siders Craig W. , Spindloe Christopher , Szatmári Sándor , Trines Raoul M. G. M. , Zhu Jianqiang , Zhu Ping , Zuegel Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2019

In the 2015 review paper ‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’ a comprehensive overview of the current status of high-power facilities of

${>}200~\text{TW}$

was presented. This was largely based on facility specifications, with some description of their uses, for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions, secondary source generation, and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA), which made these lasers possible, we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed. We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online, with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction. In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications, which demands much higher repetition rates, delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths: mid-IR facilities. So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status, we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes, and some of the critical issues facing their development.
Solemyidae (Bivalvia, Protobranchia) from the lower Miocene of south-central Chile, with description of a new species
Authors: Pérez-Barría Leonardo , Nielsen Sven N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Miocene Solemyidae of Chile are revised. The holotype ofSolemya antarcticaPhilippi, 1887, originally described asSolenomya, is lost. Due to the lack of information on internal characters, its systematic position is considered as uncertain. A new species,Solemya lucifugan. sp., is described from the lower Miocene Ranquil Formation of south-central Chile. Its dense radial external ornamentation shows that it is clearly different fromS.antarctica. It is currently the only confirmed and described Miocene solemyid bivalve from the Southern Hemisphere.UUID:http://zoobank.org/a35ee02e-600b-4e9f-ad06-1887e9493ff8
Evactinoporidae, a new family of Cystoporata (Bryozoa) from the Mississippian of North America: growth and functional morphology
Authors: Yancey Thomas E. , Wyse Jackson Patrick N. , Sutton Barry G. , Gottfried Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe morphology and growth habits ofEvactinoporaspecies of the Evactinoporidae (new family) are documented. This distinctive family of free-living bryozoans has a radial colony form at all growth stages. During a brief attachment phase on a hard substrate, the colony morphology grew as an expanding cone with vertical folds. Following detachment of the nascent colony from this hard substrate, it settled on soft sediment and the free-living expanding colony acquired a star-like form by producing slender outrigger rays. Continued growth produced a radial array of vertical vanes containing feeding autozooecia. The colony maintained a vertical orientation on soft sediment by means of outrigger rays and secretion of solid skeleton on the colony base that provided ballast. The radial growth pattern, outrigger rays, and vertical vanes developed as adaptive characters suitable for free-living life on soft sediment. North American species ofEvactinoporaare redefined and described taxonomically on the basis of zoarial and zooecial characters and a new species,Evactinopora mangeri, erected. The new family Evactinoporidae is established on the basis of the novel characters of early colony detachment from a hard surface, radial growth pattern through life, generation of outrigger rays, and growth of vertical vanes from the top of rays.UUID:http://zoobank.org/d2cf3b6d-72d2-49d5-afa0-c08710af7874
An exploration of the experiences of informal carers supporting a relative living with dementia during and after the move to technology-enriched supported accommodation
Authors: Rondon-Sulbaran Janeet , Daly-Lynn Jean , McCormack Brendan , Ryan Assumpta , Martin Suzanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of family carers supporting a relative living with dementia during and after the move to technology-enriched supported accommodation (TESA). The paper explores the informal carers (ICs) roles, the factors prompting the move to TESA, alongside their perceptions of their relatives’ experience of the move and of life in a technology-enriched environment. Within a qualitative study 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with ICs and data were analysed following a thematic approach. Four themes were identified, reflecting the shift in roles and identity of both ICs and persons living with dementia. The move to TESA was linked to a perceived reduction in care-giving pressures, with positive outcomes reported for both the ICs and the people living with dementia. Smart home technologies in the facilities did not appear to impact on the decision-making during transition, however, they were valued as part of the lived experience for the people living with dementia within the TESA facilities. These findings are relevant to policy makers, commissioners and providers of services to highlight the engagement of all stakeholders in the provision of care for people living with dementia and their families early from diagnosis in order to facilitate person-centred practices in community settings.
The transnational dimension of constitutional rights: Framing and taming ‘private’ governance beyond the state
Authors: VIELLECHNER LARS 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:International law sometimes fails to regulate cross-border affairs due to a lack of consent or pace among the states. As a consequence, transnational governance arrangements, which are established by contract mainly among non-state actors, step in to fill the gap. The arrangement that allocates domains on the Internet offers the most sophisticated example to date. The present article argues that a new approach to the horizontal effect of constitutional rights may both account for the emergence of such arrangements and offer a solution to the problem of their legitimacy. According to this understanding, constitutional rights at the same time enable and restrict transnational regulation. In this way, they guarantee a comprehensive protection of freedom under conditions of globalisation. As long as transnational governance arrangements are not able to generate constitutional rights of their own, however, the national legal orders must complement them. Hence, the legitimacy of law in world society may only be ensured through a dialectical process of internal and external constitutionalisation, resulting from the interaction of its various constituents.
Antidepressant withdrawal – the tide is finally turning
Authors: Hengartner Michael P. , Davies James , Read John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Withdrawal reactions when coming off antidepressants have long been neglected or minimised. It took almost two decades after the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) entered the market for the first systematic review to be published. More reviews have followed, demonstrating that the dominant and long-held view that withdrawal is mostly mild, affects only a small minority and resolves spontaneously within 1–2 weeks, was at odd with the sparse but growing evidence base. What the scientific literature reveals is in close agreement with the thousands of service user testimonies available online in large forums. It suggests that withdrawal reactions are quite common, that they may last from a few weeks to several months or even longer, and that they are often severe. These findings are now increasingly acknowledged by official professional bodies and societies.
Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning	in Old Age
Authors: Pauly Theresa , Lay Jennifer C. , Kozik Pavel , Graf Peter , Mahmood Atiya , Hoppmann Christiane A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to benefit aging processes. This study examined portable ICT usage and associated changes in physical activity, loneliness, and cognitive functioning. Ninety-two mostly-novice tablet-users aged 51–85 years participated in technology workshops and then reported on their portable ICT use biweekly for 6+ months. Physical activity, loneliness, and executive functioning were assessed before and after this period. More frequent use of exercise functions was associated with more moderate-intensity physical activity and less sitting, controlling for pretracking levels. More frequent use of social functions was associated with more social loneliness and a tendency toward less emotional loneliness, controlling for pretracking levels of loneliness. The use of exercise and social functions showed no associations with executive functioning. Portable ICT thus may bring both risks and benefits for physical and social functioning in older adulthood.
Validity and Reliability of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive	Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)
Authors: Foroughan Mahshid , Jafari Zahra , Ghaemmagham Farahani Ida , Rashedi Vahid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This study examines the psychometric properties of the IQCODE and its applicability in the Iranian elderly population. A group of 95 elderly patients with at least 4 years of formal education who fulfilled the criteria of DSM-IV-TR for dementia were examined by the MMSE and the AMTs. The Farsi version of the IQCODE was subsequently administered to their primary caregivers. Results showed a significant correlation ( p = .01) between the score of the questionnaire and the results of the MMSE ( r = −0.647) and AMTs ( r = −0.641). A high internal reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = 0.927) and test-retest reliability by correlation coefficient ( r = 0.81). This study found that the IQCODE has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for evaluating the cognitive state in the elderly population of Iran.
Factors Regulating Nitrification in the Arctic Ocean: Potential Impact of Sea Ice Reduction and Ocean Acidification
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Ijichi Minoru , Fujiwara Amane , Makabe Akiko , Nishino Shigeto , Yoshikawa Chisato , Harada Naomi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNitrification is susceptible to changes in light and pH and, thus, could be influenced by recent sea ice reductions and acidification in the Arctic Ocean. We investigated the sensitivity of nitrification to light, pH, and substrate availability in a natural nitrifier community of the Arctic Ocean. Nitrification was active near the bottom of the shelf region (<60 m) and in the halocline layer (50–200 m) of the Arctic basin, where ammonium was abundant, but was low in the ammonium‐depleted Atlantic layer (>250 m). In pH control experiments, nitrification rates significantly declined when the pH was manipulated to be 0.22 lower than the controls. However, nitrification was relatively insensitive to changes in pH compared to changes in light. Light control experiments showed that nitrification was inhibited by a light intensity above 0.11 mol photons m−2 day−1, which was presumably the light threshold. A light intensity greater than the light threshold extended to the shelf bottom and upper halocline layer, limiting nitrification in these waters. Satellite data analyses indicated that the area where light levels inhibit nitrification has increased throughout the Arctic Ocean due to the recent sea ice reduction, which may lead to a declining trend in nitrification. Our results suggest that stronger light levels in the future Arctic Ocean could further suppress nitrification and alter the composition of inorganic nitrogen, with implications for the structure of ecosystems.
Surface Motions and Continental Deformation in the Indian Plate and the India‐Eurasia Collision Zone
Authors: Singh Srishti , Ghosh Attreyee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe collision of the Indian plate with Eurasia has played a major role in controlling the dynamics of central Asia leading to the world's largest continental deformation zone. In order to study the deformation within the Indian plate as well as the India‐Eurasia collision zone, we model the lithospheric stress field by calculating the two primary sources of stress, one arising due to topography and shallow lithospheric structure estimated by gravitational potential energy differences and the other arising from basal tractions derived from density‐driven mantle convection. We use several tomography models to calculate horizontal tractions using the convection code HC for two radially varying viscosity structures. We also take into account lateral viscosity variations in the lithosphere model arising from stiff cratons, weak plate boundaries, and strength variations due to old and young oceanic lithosphere. We do a quantitative comparison of our predicted deviatoric stresses, strain rates, and plate velocities with surface observables and find that the regional tomography model of Singh et al. (2014) embedded in the global S wave model S40RTS does a remarkable job of fitting the observations of GPS velocities and strain rates as well as intraplate stress field from the World Stress Map.
An HF Software‐Defined Radar to Study the Ionosphere
Authors: Bostan Salih Mehmed , Urbina Julio V. , Mathews John D. , Bilén Sven G. , Breakall James K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel design and implementation of a software‐defined high‐frequency ionospheric radar, the Penn State Ionospheric Radar Imager (PIRI), is described. Furthermore, preliminary results produced by the system (located at 40.71° N, 77.97° W) are presented. PIRI is designed to be a modest and low‐cost radar system, which is composed mostly of commercial‐off‐the‐shelf products and utilizing open‐source software to perform pulse generation, pulse coding, downconversion, data acquisition, and signal processing. It is designed to be mobile, as it can easily be deployed at temporary locations to study local ionospheric disturbances. For the results presented herein, the radar operating frequency was 5.125 MHz. However, as the system is software defined and short active receive antennas are used, only the transmit antenna needs to be changed to operate over the entire high‐frequency (HF) band. The two orthogonal receive antennas enable both linear and circular polarization measurements. Peak transmit power of the system is 500 W. PIRI is designed to be a modest and cost‐effective alternative to the current standard HF ionospheric sounding systems and can be readily replicated.
Large Dust Aerosol Sizes Seen During the 2018 Martian Global Dust Event by the Curiosity Rover
Authors: Lemmon M. T. , Guzewich S. D. , McConnochie T. , de Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Martínez G. , Smith Michael D. , Bell J. F. , Wellington D. , Jacob S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMars' atmosphere typically supports dust aerosol with an effective radius near 1.5 μm, varying from ~1 μm during low dust times near northern summer solstice to ~2 μm during higher dust times in southern spring and summer. After global dust events, size variations outside this range have not previously been observed. We report on imaging and spectral observations by the Curiosity rover through the 2018 global dust event. These observations show that the dust effective radius was seasonally normal prior to the local onset of increased opacity, increased rapidly above 4 μm with increasing opacity, remained above 3 μm over a period of ~50 Martian solar days, then returned to seasonal values before the opacity did so. This demonstrates lifting and regional‐scale transport of a dust population ~3 times the size of typical dust aerosol.
Observed Upper Ocean Seasonal and Intraseasonal Variability in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Ashin K. , Girishkumar M. S. , Suprit K. , Thangaprakash V. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe observed seasonal and intraseasonal evolution of near‐surface meteorological and oceanographic variables in the Andaman Sea for the period March 2014 to December 2017 are examined using moored buoy observations at 10.5°N, 94°E. The amplitude of temperature inversions is very weak (0.2 to 0.4 °C), and they appeared primarily during winter (November–January) and latter part of summer (May–August). The net surface heat flux plays a primary role, and vertical processes term contributes secondarily to determine the seasonal mixed layer (ML) heat storage variability. Consistent with the seasonal variations of formation and strength of temperature inversion, vertical processes term shows a positive tendency during winter. The sea surface salinity shows large amplitude intraseasonal variability during fall and winter, and it is attributed to the variability of horizontal circulation in the presence of large lateral sea surface salinity gradients at the mooring location. The sea surface temperature shows the presence of strong intraseasonal variability between 20 and 80 days, though its amplitude of oscillation is distinctly higher during May–October than November–April. Band‐pass filtered (20–80 days) time series of different components of the ML heat budget shows that the net surface heat flux primarily determines the intraseasonal ML heat storage variability. Our analysis further shows that during May–October, both net shortwave radiation and latent heat flux together determine the modulation of the intraseasonal net surface heat flux. In contrast, latent heat flux acts as the sole factor to determine the modulation of the intraseasonal net surface heat flux during November–April.
Decomposition of Uncertainty Sources in Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Streamflow Measurements Using Repeated Measures Experiments
Authors: Despax Aurélien , Le Coz Jérôme , Hauet Alexandre , Mueller David S , Engel Frank L , Blanquart Bertrand , Renard Benjamin , Oberg Kevin A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRepeated measures experiments can be conducted to empirically estimate the uncertainty of a stream gauging method, such as the widespread moving‐boat acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) approach. Previous ADCP repeated measures experiments, also known as interlaboratory comparisons, provided a credible range of uncertainty estimates reflecting the quality of the site conditions. However, the method, which is a one‐way analysis of variance, only addresses the uncertainty of one lumped factor that combines several distinct factors: instrument, operator, procedure, and cross‐section effects. To decompose the uncertainty of ADCP streamflow measurements due to cross‐section selection and team effects, a large repeated measures experiment has been conducted in the Taurion River (France). The experiment design was crossed and balanced, with two sets of 24 teams circulated over two sets of 12 cross sections. A constant flow rate was released from a dam, located immediately upstream of the experimental site. Prior to the statistical analysis, a data quality review was performed using the U.S. Geological Survey QRev software to clean the data set from avoidable errors and to homogenize the discharge computations. A two‐way analysis of variance was applied to quantify the cross‐section effect, the team effect, and their interaction, which was found to dominate the pure cross‐section effect. It was then possible to predict the average uncertainty of multiple‐transect ADCP discharge measurements, depending on the number of teams, cross sections, and repeated transects included in the discharge average. The method opens interesting avenues for documenting difficult‐to‐estimate uncertainty sources of stream gauging techniques in other measuring conditions, especially the most adverse ones.
Improved Dynamic System Response Curve Method for Real‐Time Flood Forecast Updating
Authors: Si Wei , Gupta Hoshin V. , Bao Weimin , Jiang Peng , Wang Wenzhuo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dynamic system response curve (DSRC) method has been shown to effectively use error feedback correction to obtain updated areal estimates of mean rainfall and thereby improve the accuracy of real‐time flood forecasts. In this study, we address two main shortcomings of the existing method. First, ridge estimation is used to deal with ill‐conditioning of the normal equation coefficient matrix when the method is applied to small basins, or when the length of updating rainfall series is short. Second, the effects of spatial heterogeneity of rainfall on rainfall error estimates are accounted for using a simple index. The improved performance of the method is demonstrated using both synthetic and real data studies. For smaller basins with relatively homogeneous spatial distributions of rainfall, the use of ridge regression provides more accurate and robust results. For larger‐scale basins with significant spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, spatial rainfall error updating provides significant improvements. Overall, combining the two strategies results in the best performance for all cases, with the effects of ridge estimation and spatially distributed updating complementing each other.