bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting Biogenic Aldehydes through Pattern Recognition Analyses of Excitation–Emission Matrices
Authors: Lazurko Caitlin , Radonjic Ivana , Suchý Mojmír , Liu George , Rolland‐Lagan Anne‐Gaëlle , Shuhendler Adam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiogenic carbonyls, especially aldehydes, have previously demonstrated their potential to serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for disease and injury that have not been fully realized owing, in part, to the lack of a rapid and simple point‐of‐care method for aldehyde identification. The ability to determine which carbonyl compound is elevated and not just the total aldehydic load may provide more disease‐ or injury‐specific diagnostic information. Toward this end, a novel fluorophore is presented that is able to form a complex with biogenic carbonyls under catalyst‐free conditions so as to give a fluorescent fingerprint of the resulting hydrazone. The successful identification of bound carbonyls was accomplished with a newly described algorithm that applied principal curvature analysis of excitation–emission matrices to reduce surface features to ellipse representations, followed by a pattern‐matching routine. With this algorithm, carbonyls were identified over a range of concentrations, and mixture components were successfully parsed. Overall, the results presented lay the groundwork for novel implementations of chemometrics to low‐cost, rapid, and simple‐to‐implement point‐of‐care diagnostics.
Layered Heterostructures of Ultrathin Polymeric Carbon Nitride and ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Sibo , Yang Pengju , Luo Zhishan , Yuan Rusheng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Wakeel Muhammad , Wang Xinchen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe rational construction of heterostructures by using layered semiconductors with two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheet configurations is promising to improve the efficiency of CO2 photoreduction. Herein, the fabrication of layered heterojunction photocatalysts (PCN/ZnIn2S4) by in situ growth of 2D ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on the surfaces of ultrathin polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) layers is presented for greatly enhanced CO2 conversion with visible light. The solution‐processed self‐assembly strategy renders the building of uniform and intimate junctions between PCN layers and ZnIn2S4 subunits, which remarkably accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. In addition, the layered composites can also promote CO2 adsorption and strengthen the visible‐light absorption. Consequently, the optimized PCN/ZnIn2S4 sheet‐shaped composite shows reinforced photoactivity for deoxygenative CO2 conversion, affording a high CO‐production rate of 44.6 μmol h−1, which is 223 times higher than that of the pristine PCN nanosheets. Moreover, the heterojunction photocatalyst also exhibits high stability during repeated runs for five cycles.
Unique Stereoselective Homolytic C−O Bond Activation in Diketopiperazine‐Derived Alkoxyamines by Adjacent Amide Pyramidalization
Authors: Amatov Tynchtyk , Jangra Harish , Pohl Radek , Cisařová Ivana , Zipse Hendrik , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSimple monocyclic diketopiperazine (DKP)‐derived alkoxyamines exhibit unprecedented activation of a remote C−O bond for homolysis by amide distortion. The combination of strain‐release‐driven amide planarization and the persistent radical effect (PRE) enables a unique, irreversible, and quantitative trans→cis isomerization under much milder conditions than typically observed for such homolysis‐limited reactions. This isomerization is shown to be general and independent of the steric and electronic nature of both the amino acid side chains and the substituents at the DKP nitrogen atoms. Homolysis rate constants are determined, and they significantly differ for both the labile trans diastereomers and the stable cis diastereomers. To reveal the factors influencing this unusual process, structural features of the kinetic trans diastereomers and thermodynamic cis diastereomers are investigated in the solid state and in solution. X‐ray crystallographic analysis and computational studies indicate substantial distortion of the amide bond from planarity in the trans‐alkoxyamines, and this is believed to be the cause for the facile and quantitative isomerization. Thus, these amino‐acid‐derived alkoxyamines are the first examples that exhibit a large thermodynamic preference for one diastereomer over the other upon thermal homolysis, and this allows controlled switching of configurations and configurational cycling.
Investigating the Thermal Stability of Organic Thin‐Film Transistors and Phototransistors Based on [1]‐Benzothieno‐[3,2‐b]‐[1]‐benzothiophene Dimeric Derivatives
Authors: He Yu , Guo Shenghui , He Yaowu , Murtaza Imran , Li Aiyuan , Zeng Xianzhe , Guo Yitong , Zhao Yang , Chen Xiaolong , Meng Hong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTwo new highly thermally stable [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) dimeric derivatives, namely 1,4‐bis([1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene‐2‐yl)benzene (BTBT‐Ph‐BTBT) and 4,4′‐bis([1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene‐2‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (BTBT‐DPh‐BTBT), were synthesized by combining two simple fragment structures. Compared to the monomer compound 2‐phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (Ph‐BTBT, μmax=3.4×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1), the organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based on BTBT‐Ph‐BTBT and BTBT‐DPh‐BTBT showed significantly higher mobility (up to 2.5 and 3.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 for BTBT‐Ph‐BTBT and BTBT‐DPh‐BTBT, respectively). The mobility of OTFTs based on BTBT‐Ph‐BTBT was kept at a high value (2.4×10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1) after the devices were thermally annealed at 350 °C. Furthermore, the organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on BTBT‐Ph‐BTBT and BTBT‐DPh‐BTBT displayed high photosensitivities in a range of 250–400 nm with a low intensity, making these materials potentially applicable for sensitive optoelectronic devices.
Dispersive Forces and Dipole Moment Increase as Driving Forces for the Formation of an Unprecedented Metallophilic Heterotrimetallic System
Authors: Donamaría Rocío , Lippolis Vito , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Nieddu Mattia , Olmos M. Elena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe crystal structure of the polymeric complex [Au5Ag2Tl3(C6F5)10(L1)2]n (L1=1‐aza‐4,10‐dithia‐7‐oxacyclododecane) displays heterotrimetallic Ag⋅⋅⋅Au⋅⋅⋅Tl moieties and is held by unsupported metallophilic interactions. This complex emits at 500 nm in the solid state. Ab initio calculations show that the large thermodynamic stability that helps the formation of this heterotrimetallic system arises from the combination of dispersive forces and a very large dipole moment in the supramolecular arrangement.
Charge Accumulation and Multi‐Electron Photoredox Chemistry with a Sensitizer–Catalyst–Sensitizer Triad
Authors: Nomrowski Julia , Guo Xingwei , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotoinduced electron transfer in donor–sensitizer–acceptor compounds usually leads to simple electron–hole pairs, and photoredox catalysis typically relies on single‐electron transfer (SET) events. This work reports on a molecular triad able to accumulate two electrons on a central dibenzo[1,2]dithiin moiety flanked by two peripheral RuII photosensitizers. Under continuous illumination, the doubly reduced form of the dibenzo[1,2]dithiin undergoes thiolate–disulfide exchange with an aliphatic disulfide substrate, thereby acting as a two‐electron catalyst after two initial SET events with triethylamine at the RuII sensitizers. The use of a relatively simple triad for coupling two separate SET processes to a subsequent two‐electron reduction is an important conceptual advance from photoinduced SET and light‐driven charge accumulation towards multi‐electron photoredox catalysis. This is relevant for artificial photosynthesis and light‐driven multi‐electron chemistry in general.
Selective C−O Coupling Hidden in the Thermal Reaction of [Al2CuO5]+ with Methane
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Sun Xiaoyan , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reaction of [Al2CuO5]+ with methane has been explored by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. The generation of atomic [Cu]+ from the [Al2CuO5]+/CH4 couple corresponds to the only reaction channel. Labeling experiments and computational studies strongly suggest that methane activation is indeed involved in the production of [Cu]+, and generation of CH2O prevails. Mechanistic aspects and the associated doping effects are discussed.
Triggered Cell‐Cell Fusion Assay for Cytoplasmic and Organelle Intermixing Studies
Authors: Feliciano Daniel , Nixon‐Abell Jonathon , Lippincott‐Schwartz Jennifer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent multicellular organisms undergo cell‐cell fusion to form functional syncytia that support specialized functions necessary for proper development and survival. For years, monitoring the structural consequences of this process using live‐cell imaging has been challenging due to the unpredictable timing of cell fusion events in tissue systems. Here we present a triggered vesicular stomatitis virus G‐protein (VSV‐G)‐mediated cell‐cell fusion assay that can be used to synchronize fusion between cells. This allows the study of cellular changes that occur during cell fusion. The process is induced using a fast wash of low pH isotonic buffer, promoting the fusion of plasma membranes of two or more adjacent cells within seconds. This approach is suitable for studying mixing of small cytoplasmic molecules between fusing cells as well as changes in organelle distribution and dynamics. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Topic detection model in a single‐domain corpus inspired by the human memory cognitive process
Authors: Zhao Taotao , Luo Xiangfeng , Qin Wei , Huang Subin , Xie Shaorong 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA corpus (eg, patents or news texts) is an important knowledge resource that contains various topics, such as specific technologies or social events. Topic detection models of corpus, eg, Latent Dirichlet Allocation and KeyGraph, provide an important basis for exploring the status quo and trends in science, technology, or social events. However, these models suffer from low retrieval performance as they only consider text own explicit semantics in a single‐domain corpus. In addition, many incremental models, such as online‐LDA, are based on time slices. In this paper, a new topic detection model is proposed to improve the topic detection performance of a single‐domain corpus, which is inspired by a human memory cognitive process (THC). First, to improve the accuracy, distributions over words and inter‐word relations across a corpus are utilized as background knowledge, which is a type of implicit semantics, and we can find a more semantic‐sensitive part of texts. Second, to realize online topic detection without time slices, we introduce a probability gain‐based dynamic probabilistic model to detect latent topics by learning a model based on the dynamic human memory cognitive process. These two steps constitute the framework of our model. The experimental results for four public datasets (Reuters‐R8, Reuters‐R52, WebKB, and Cade12) reveal that our model is approximately ten percent higher than other baselines (eg, KeyGraph and LDA) on the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI).
Characterization and modeling of dual material double gate tunnel field effect transistor using superposition approximation method
Authors: Maria Jossy A. , Vigneswaran T. , Malarvizhi S. , Nagarajan K. K. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryTunnel field effect transistors are used for ultra‐low power application since it is challenging to operate CMOS at very low supply voltage. As tunnel field effect transistor has a very low subthreshold slope due to band to band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism, it has the potential to operate at very low operating voltage. It is necessary that the devices utilized in implantable bio‐medical applications and Internet of Everything (IoE) need to consume very low power. This work presents an analysis of Dual Material Double Gate Tunnel Field effect transistor (DMDG‐TFET). An analytical two dimensional (2D) model has been developed to obtain the analytical expressions for drain current. The 2D Poisson's equation has been used to calculate surface potential in the silicon channel using the superposition approximation, as it considers the short channel effects in the calculation of the current when compared to parabolic approximation. To validate the model, analytical results have been confirmed by comparing with the Sentaurus TCAD simulation results. A reduced subthreshold slope of 31.2 mV/decade is obtained in this paper. It shows that DMDG TFET is a promising candidate for ultra‐low power applications. The subthreshold swing obtained using superposition approximation is more optimized than that of parabolic approximation technique.
Minute Additions of DMSO Affect Protein Dynamics Measurements by NMR Relaxation Experiments through Significant Changes in Solvent Viscosity
Authors: Wallerstein Johan , Akke Mikael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies of protein−ligand binding often rely on dissolving the ligand in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to achieve sufficient solubility, and then titrating the ligand solution into the protein solution. As a result, the final protein−ligand solution contains small amounts of DMSO in the buffer. Here we report how the addition of DMSO impacts studies of protein conformational dynamics. We used 15N NMR relaxation to compare the rotational diffusion correlation time (τC) of proteins in aqueous buffer with and without DMSO. We found that τC scales with the viscosity of the water−DMSO mixture, which depends sensitively on the amount of DMSO and varies by a factor of 2 across the relevant concentration range. NMR relaxation studies of side chains dynamics are commonly interpreted using τC as a fixed parameter, obtained from backbone 15N relaxation data acquired on a separate sample. Model‐free calculations show that errors in τC, arising from mismatched DMSO concentration between samples, lead to significant errors in order parameters. Our results highlight the importance of determining τC for each sample or carefully matching the DMSO concentrations between samples.
Isolation of Antibodies to Heparan Sulfate on Glypicans by Phage Display
Authors: Kim Heungnam , Ho Mitchell 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) plays an important role in development and disease. It interacts with many growth factors, chemokines, and other ligands known to be important for cell growth, motility, and differentiation. However, isolating an antibody to HS in mice, rabbits, or humans is difficult due to the poor immunogenicity of HS. Phage display is a major antibody engineering technology that allows the selection of antibodies for poorly immunogenic or highly conserved antigens. This protocol contains detailed procedures for HS antigen preparation and isolation of a phage displayed human single‐chain Fv (HS20) that binds HS on glypican‐3 (GPC3), and analysis of the selected phage antibody. It is conceivable that the procedures described in this protocol may be applicable to the isolation of antibodies for a variety of HS molecules. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One‐Dimensional Electrophoresis Using Nondenaturing Conditions
Authors: Gallagher Sean R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrophoresis is used to separate complex mixtures of proteins (e.g., from cells, subcellular fractions, column fractions, or immunoprecipitates), to investigate subunit composition, track post‐translational modifications, and verify identity and homogeneity of protein samples. It can also serve to purify proteins for use in further applications. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins migrate in response to an electrical field through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix; pore size decreases with increasing acrylamide concentration. Nondenaturing or “native” electrophoresis—i.e., electrophoresis in the absence of denaturants such as detergents and urea—is an often‐overlooked technique for determining the native size, subunit structure, and optimal separation of a protein. Because mobility depends on the size, shape, and intrinsic charge of the protein, nondenaturing electrophoresis provides a set of separation parameters distinctly different from mainly size‐dependent denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and charge‐dependent isoelectric focusing. Two protocols are presented below. Continuous PAGE is highly flexible, permitting cationic and anionic electrophoresis over a full range of pH. The discontinuous procedure is limited to proteins negatively charged at neutral pH but provides high resolution for accurate size calibration.
Design and analysis of high linearity mixer using subharmonic technique
Authors: Modanlou Shahram , Miar‐Naimi Hossein , Gholami Mohammad 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this article, a new technique for reducing second‐order and third‐order intermodulation (IM2 and IM3) for an output current of the subharmonic mixer is presented. First, to reduce second‐order and third‐order of the Volterra's kernel, IM2 current injection technique has been used. By the auxiliary path, the IM2 current which has been generated in the doubler with the phase difference of 180° relative to inherent IM2 of the output is injected into the output node. Also, this produced IM2 in the frequency doubler has been injected into the circuit by another auxiliary path, so that, in the output, an IM3 with opposite phase of inherent IM3 of the output mixer's current is presented. Besides, to easier design, the Volterra series expansion is used and equations related to Volterra kernels of the output current are extracted. Furthermore, the noise of the auxiliary path transistors connected to the output can be neglected because of the small gm of their transistors compared to the main path. The results of simulations by ADS simulator in 0.18‐μm TSMC technology show that the proposed technique has simultaneously improved the values of IIP3 and IIP2 up to 21 and 92 dBm, compared to conventional subharmonic mixers.
Exploring the impact of social properties on routing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Hou Ling , Wong Kin‐yeung , Yeung Kai‐hau 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we study the social properties, including community, friendship, and individual selfishness of cognitive radio networks and analyze the effect of these social properties on the performance of routing protocols. We first introduce the concept of cooperation willingness considering social relations and individual selfishness. Then, we model the impact of cooperation willingness on the routing performance in cognitive radio networks. After that, we perform extensive simulations to evaluate the accuracy of our model. The simulation results show that our model matched the simulation results well. Finally, our results suggest that community members, friends, and nodes with lower individual selfishness should be selected in the forwarding routes.
Incentive edge caching in software‐defined internet of vehicles: A Stackelberg game approach
Authors: Alioua Ahmed , Senouci Sidi‐Mohammed , Sedjelmaci Hichem , Moussaoui Samira 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate an incentive edge caching mechanism for an internet of vehicles (IoV) system based on the paradigm of software‐defined networking (SDN). We start by proposing a distributed SDN‐based IoV architecture. Then, based on this architecture, we focus on the economic side of caching by considering competitive cache‐enablers market composed of one content provider (CP) and multiple mobile network operators (MNOs). Each MNO manages a set of cache‐enabled small base stations (SBS). The CP incites the MNOs to store its popular contents in cache‐enabled SBSs with highest access probability to enhance the satisfaction of its users. By leasing their cache‐enabled SBSs, the MNOs aim to make more monetary profit. We formulate the interaction between the CP and the MNOs, using a Stackelberg game, where the CP acts first as the leader by announcing the popular content quantity that it which to cache and fixing the caching popularity threshold, a minimum access probability under it a content cannot be cached. Then, MNOs act subsequently as followers responding by the content quantity they accept to cache and the corresponding caching price. A noncooperative subgame is formulated to model the competition between the followers on the CP's limited content quantity. We analyze the leader and the follower's optimization problems, and we prove the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE). Simulation results show that our game‐based incentive caching model achieves optimal utilities and outperforms other incentive caching mechanisms with monopoly cache‐enablers whilst enhancing 30% of the user's satisfaction and reducing the caching cost.
Stripping Voltammetry at the Interface between two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions: A Review Paper
Authors: Izadyar Anahita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractApplying stripping voltammetry at interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) leads to an electrochemical phenomenon that enables a very sensitive technique for detection at subnanomolar limits, which is useful for environmental, industrial, food‐safety, and medical purposes, as well as biomedical diagnostics. Studies on the molecular dynamics of the water/organic interface have provided information about the structure of this interface and the effect of molecular polarizability on interfacial properties of ITIES. The ion‐transfer stripping voltammetry (ITSV) technique was demonstrated as a powerful method due to its high sensitivity and its selectivity for a wide range of organic and inorganic analytes. This technique will lead to the industrial and miniaturized development of sensor technology for trace analysis. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the history and most recent studies on stripping voltammetry at ITIES.
Massively parallel sequencing techniques for forensics: A review
Authors: Bruijns Brigitte , Tiggelaar Roald , Gardeniers Han 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDNA sequencing, starting with Sanger's chain termination method in 1977 and evolving into the next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques of today that employ massively parallel sequencing (MPS), has become essential in application areas such as biotechnology, virology, and medical diagnostics. Reflected by the growing number of articles published over the last 2–3 years, these techniques have also gained attention in the forensic field. This review contains a brief description of first, second, and third generation sequencing techniques, and focuses on the recent developments in human DNA analysis applicable in the forensic field. Relevance to the forensic analysis is that besides generation of standard STR‐profiles, DNA repeats can also be sequenced to look for polymorphisms. Furthermore, additional SNPs can be sequenced to acquire information on ancestry, paternity or phenotype. The current MPS systems are also very helpful in cases where only a limited amount of DNA or highly degraded DNA has been secured from a crime scene. If enough autosomal DNA is not present, mitochondrial DNA can be sequenced for maternal lineage analysis. These developments clearly demonstrate that the use of NGS will grow into an indispensable tool for forensic science.