bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Addition of M‐Mode to B‐Mode Ultrasound Increase the Accuracy of Identification of Lung Sliding in Traumatic Pneumothoraces?
Authors: Avila Jacob , Smith Ben , Mead Therese , Jurma Duane , Dawson Matthew , Mallin Michael , Dugan Adam 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesIt is unknown whether the addition of M‐mode to B‐mode ultrasound (US) has any effect on the overall accuracy of interpretation of lung sliding in the evaluation of a pneumothorax by emergency physicians. This study aimed to determine what effect, if any, this addition has on US interpretation by emergency physicians of varying training levels.MethodsOne hundred forty emergency physicians were randomized via online software to receive a quiz with B‐mode clips alone or B‐mode with corresponding M‐mode images and asked to identify the presence or absence of lung sliding.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the diagnosis of lung sliding with and without M‐mode US were compared. Overall, the sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of B‐mode + M‐mode US versus B‐mode US alone were 93.1% and 93.2% (P = .8), 96.0% and 89.8% (P < .0001), and 91.5% and 94.5% (P = .0091), respectively. A subgroup analysis showed that in those providers with fewer than 250 total US scans done previously, M‐mode US increased accuracy from 88.2% (95% confidence interval, 86.2%–90.2%) to 94.4% (92.8%–96.0%; P = .001) and increased the specificity from 87.0% (84.5%–89.5%) to 97.2% (95.4%–99.0%; P < .0001) compared with B‐mode US alone. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of B‐mode + M‐mode US compared with B‐mode US alone in those with more than 250 scans.ConclusionsThe addition of M‐mode images to B‐mode clips aids in the accurate diagnosis of lung sliding by emergency physicians. The subgroup analysis showed that the benefit of M‐mode US disappears after emergency physicians have performed more than 250 US examinations.
Clinical Usefulness of the Microbubble Contrast Agent SonoVue in Enhancing the Effects of High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Adenomyosis
Authors: Jingqi Wang , Lu Zhang , Jun Zhang , Yuhong Ma , Wei Yang , Lifeng Ran , Chengbing Jin , Dobromir Dimitrov Dimitrov , Hui Zhu , Kun Zhou 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical usefulness of the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue in enhancing high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of adenomyosis.MethodsA total of 102 patients with adenomyosis, assessed from August 2015 to April 2017, were randomly divided into 1‐minute (A) and 10‐minute (B) groups, respectively. In groups A and B, HIFU started 1 minute and 10 minutes, respectively, after SonoVue injection. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after HIFU treatment.ResultsThe occurrence rates of massive gray scale change, nonperfused volume, and fractional ablation were similar in both groups (P > .05). Meanwhile, sonication time to massive gray scale change was reduced in group A compared with group B (P < .05). In addition, mean power, total energy, and energy efficiency factor were lower in group A than group B (all P < .05). The incidence rates of most perioperative and all postoperative adverse events were similar in both groups (P > .05). The incidence rates of pain in the treated region, leg pain, and sciatic or buttock pain during HIFU were substantially lower in group A than group B (P < .05).ConclusionsOverall, starting HIFU sonication at 1 minute after SonoVue injection enhances HIFU ablation by cavitation and heating and is safe. Early massive gray scale change, lower total energy, and reduced mean power are potential safety factors.
3D Bioprinting of Artificial Tissues: Construction of Biomimetic Microstructures
Authors: Luo Yongxiang , Lin Xin , Huang Peng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is promising that artificial tissues/organs for clinical application can be produced via 3D bioprinting of living cells and biomaterials. The construction of microstructures biomimicking native tissues is crucially important to create artificial tissues with biological functions. For instance, the fabrication of vessel‐like networks to supply cells with initial nutrient and oxygen, and the arrangement of multiple types of cells for creating lamellar/complex tissues through 3D bioprinting are widely reported. The current advances in 3D bioprinting of artificial tissues from the view of construction of biomimetic microstructures, especially the fabrication of lamellar, vascular, and complex structures are summarized. In the end, the conclusion and perspective of 3D bioprinting for clinical applications are elaborated.
Shape Memory Properties and Enzymatic Degradability of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Based Polyurethane Urea Containing Phenylalanine‐Derived Chain Extender
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Fanjun , Lin Weiwei , Liu Wenkai , Li Jiehua , Luo Feng , Wang Yaning , Tan Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiodegradable shape memory polymers are promising biomaterials for minimally invasive surgical procedures. Herein, a series of linear biodegradable shape memory poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based polyurethane ureas (PUUs) containing a novel phenylalanine‐derived chain extender is synthesized. The phenylalanine‐derived chain extender, phenylalanine‐hexamethylenediamine‐phenylalanine (PHP), contains two chymotrypsin cleaving sites to enhance the enzymatic degradation of PUUs. The degradation rate, the crystallinity, and mechanical properties of PUUs are tailored by the content of PHP. Meanwhile, semicrystalline PCL is not only hydrolytically degradable but also vital for shape memory. Good shape memory ability under body temperature is achieved for PUUs due to the strong interactions in hard segments for permanent crosslinking and the crystallization‐melt transition of PCL to switch temporary shape. The PUUs would have a great potential in application as implanting stent.
Advertising archetypes’ impact on physician engagement and behavior in the context of healthcare products
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Persing Adam , Ward Brendan , DeCotiis Allen R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry spends billions annually on marketing to physicians (over $4.3 billion in 2014). The industry as a whole has a lot of experience in determining what to say to physicians, but it is less confident when it comes to how to say it—sometimes leading to advertising that does not engage, thereby costing sales. In an effort to define a set of rule‐based guidelines for effective pharma branding, the study adapts the primary Jungian archetypes to develop the first collection of archetypal tones of voice for healthcare products. The study here demonstrates, via a series of fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analyses that well executed ads following an archetype consistently connect with physician audiences, while nonarchetypal healthcare ads demonstrate an inconsistent performance. Such an analysis would traditionally take the form of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), but NHST provides substantially less insights than algorithm modeling and the use of fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis as this study describes.
Beyond window signs: Understanding the affect‐based effects of window signs on store patronage intentions
Authors: Velasco Vizcaíno Franklin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStore managers commonly use window signs to decorate their stores and, more importantly, to communicate store‐related information to their customers. This research investigates the role window signs play in influencing consumers’ attitudes and store patronage intentions. Empirical evidence from two studies (data from a real‐life store environment and from an experimental setting) indicates that window signs generate positive inferences to consumers about the store image and the store promotion value, which ultimately influence consumers’ patronage intentions. Furthermore, this study proposes and tests a model suggesting that window signs represent a diagnostic cue from which consumers infer a sense of place identity. The results show that place identity partially mediates the relationship between consumers’ attitude toward window signs and consumers’ store patronage intentions. Moreover, this study includes the store manager's perspective and finds evidence that retail managers have positive attitudes toward window signs, which encourage them to rely on this promotional tool to announce store promotions. Implications of the findings for the role of window signs are discussed.
Se‐Methylselenocysteine Ameliorates Neuropathology and Cognitive Deficits by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Metal Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer Model Mice
Authors: Xie Yongli , Liu Qiong , Zheng Lin , Wang BingTao , Qu Xiaogang , Ni Jiazuan , Zhang Yan , Du Xiubo 
Published: April 2018

ScopeSe‐methylselenocysteine (SMC) is a major selenocompound in selenium (Se)‐enriched plants. Se is vital for proper brain function, and Se‐deficient is considered to be related with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The potential of SMC in intervening cognitive deficits and neuropathology of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg‐AD) mice is evaluated for the first time.Methods and resultsAD mice are treated with SMC (0.75 mg kg−1 BW per day) in their drinking water for 10 months. Results reveal that SMC 1) reduces oxidative stress and neuro‐inflammation; 2) modulates the distribution and levels of several metal ions; 3) decreases amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) generation by inhibiting the expression of its precursor protein APP and β‐secretase (BACE1); and 4) attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation via promoting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, thereby preserving synaptic proteins and neuron activities and finally improving spatial learning and memory deficits in AD model mice. The authors suggest that the inhibitory effect of SMC on MEK/ERK activation may play a critical role in intervening AD progression.ConclusionsThese results reveal that SMC is powerful in ameliorating AD‐related neuropathology and cognitive deficits via modulating oxidative stress, metal homeostasis, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation.
Estimation of Reactivity Ratios in the RAFT Copolymerization of Styrene and Glycidyl Methacrylate
Authors: Benvenuta‐Tapia Juan José , Tenorio‐López José Alfredo , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe bulk reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene (S) at several GMA molar feed fractions in the presence of 2‐cyano isopropyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate as RAFT agent and 1,10‐azobis(cyclohexane carbonitrile) as initiator is reported. The reaction conditions are similar to those used in the industrial production of crystal and high‐impact polystyrene by free radical polymerization with the purpose of synthesizing well‐defined copolymers in current industrial processes with only minor changes. Reactivity ratios calculated with linear Kelen–Tüdos, extended Kelen–Tüdos, and nonlinear regression (error in all variables) methods are reported. The results obtained suggest that the RAFT process modifies copolymer composition development. Increased preference for the monomer with the higher reactivity ratio is observed.
Single‐shot T2 mapping using overlapping‐echo detachment planar imaging and a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Cai Congbo , Wang Chao , Zeng Yiqing , Cai Shuhui , Liang Dong , Wu Yawen , Chen Zhong , Ding Xinghao , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: April 2018

PurposeAn end‐to‐end deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep residual network (ResNet) was proposed to efficiently reconstruct reliable T2 mapping from single‐shot overlapping‐echo detachment (OLED) planar imaging.MethodsThe training dataset was obtained from simulations that were carried out on SPROM (Simulation with PRoduct Operator Matrix) software developed by our group. The relationship between the original OLED image containing two echo signals and the corresponding T2 mapping was learned by ResNet training. After the ResNet was trained, it was applied to reconstruct the T2 mapping from simulation and in vivo human brain data.ResultsAlthough the ResNet was trained entirely on simulated data, the trained network was generalized well to real human brain data. The results from simulation and in vivo human brain experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the echo‐detachment‐based method. Reliable T2 mapping with higher accuracy is achieved within 30 ms after the network has been trained, while the echo‐detachment‐based OLED reconstruction method took approximately 2 min.ConclusionThe proposed method will facilitate real‐time dynamic and quantitative MR imaging via OLED sequence, and deep convolutional neural network has the potential to reconstruct maps from complex MRI sequences efficiently.
Neuromuscular fatigue after low‐ and medium‐frequency electrical stimulation in healthy adults
Authors: De Oliveira Pedro Ferreira Alves , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Modesto Karenina Arrais Guida , Bottaro Martim , Babault Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we investigated fatigue origins induced by low‐frequency pulsed current (PC) and medium‐frequency current (MF) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) after a clinical‐like session. Methods: Eleven healthy men randomly underwent 2 NMES sessions, PC and MF, on quadriceps muscle (15‐minute duration, 6 seconds on and 18 seconds off). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), central activation ratio (CAR), vastus lateralis electromyographic activity (EMG), and evoked contractile properties were determined before and after the sessions. Evoked torque and discomfort during the sessions were also measured. Results: Both currents produced decreases in MVC, EMG, and evoked contractile properties after the sessions. No difference was found between currents for all variables (P > 0.05). Evoked torque during sessions decreased (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in mean evoked torque and discomfort (P > 0.05). Discussion: Both currents induced similar neuromuscular fatigue. Clinicians can choose either PC or MF and expect similar treatment effects when the goal is to generate gains in muscle strength. Muscle Nerve 58: 293–299, 2018
Effect of Protein Supplementation During Diet‐Induced Weight Loss on Muscle Mass and Strength: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Smith Gordon I. , Commean Paul K. , Reeds Dominic N. , Klein Samuel , Mittendorfer Bettina 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveHigh protein (particularly leucine‐rich whey protein) intake is recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of weight loss on muscle mass. The effectiveness of this approach is unknown.MethodsSeventy middle‐aged (50‐65 years old) postmenopausal women with obesity were randomized to (1) weight maintenance (WM), (2) weight loss and the recommended daily allowance for protein (0.8 g/kg/d) (WL group), or (3) weight loss plus whey protein supplementation (total protein: 1.2 g/kg/d) (WL‐PS group). Thigh muscle volume and strength were assessed at baseline and after 5% and 10% weight loss in the weight‐loss groups and after matched time periods (∼3 and 6 months, respectively) in the WM group.ResultsA 5% weight loss caused a greater decrease in thigh muscle volume in the WL group than the WL‐PS group (4.7% ± 0.7% vs. 2.8% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). After 10% weight loss, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle mass loss in the two groups, and the total loss was small in both groups (5.5% ± 0.8% and 4.5% ± 0.7%, respectively). The dietary interventions did not affect muscle strength.ConclusionsWhey protein supplementation during diet‐induced weight loss does not have clinically important therapeutic effects on muscle mass or strength in middle‐aged postmenopausal women with obesity.
Long‐Term Weight Gain and Risk of Overweight in Parous and Nulliparous Women
Authors: Davis Deborah , Brown Wendy J. , Foureur Maralyn , Nohr Ellen A. , Xu Fenglian 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveIn longitudinal studies, women gain significant amounts of weight during young adulthood, pointing to pregnancy as an important trigger for weight gain. Studies examining the effect of parity vary in their findings and are complicated by multiple potential confounders. This study examines the association between parity and long‐term weight gain in a cohort of young women participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH).MethodsA sample of 8,009 parous and nulliparous women was drawn from this cohort and allocated to one of six parity groups (0‐5+). Weight gain and factors associated with BMI ≥ 25 over a 16‐year period were identified by using generalized linear equations.ResultsMedian BMI increased by between 2.95 and 4.9 units over 16 years, with women of parity 5 + showing the biggest gain. Associations between several variables and a BMI ≥ 25 (controlling for multiple demographic and behavioral factors) demonstrated no effect for parity but significant effects for survey year, no paid job, and depression. University education and high levels of physical activity were protective.ConclusionsIn this sample, parity was not associated with a BMI ≥ 25 over a 16‐year period.
Gut Microbiota: From Microorganisms to Metabolic Organ Influencing Obesity
Authors: Stephens Richard W. , Arhire Lidia , Covasa Mihai 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThis review summarizes the current understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and the host as it pertains to the regulation of energy balance and obesity.MethodsThe paper begins with a brief description of the gut microbiota environment, distribution, and its unique symbiotic relationship with the host. The way that enviromental factors influence microbiota composition and subsequent impact on the host are then described. Next, the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis with obesity are discussed, and finally current challenges and limitations in understanding the role of gut microbiota in control of obesity are presented.ResultsGut microbiota has been implicated in regulation of fat storage, as well as gut dysbiosis, thus contributing to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes are far from being clear and will require complex preclinical and clinical interdisciplinary studies of bacteria and host cell‐to‐cell interactions.ConclusionsThere is a need for a better understanding of how changes in gut microbiota composition can impact energy balance and thus control weight gain. This may represent a promising avenue in the race to develop nonsurgical treatments for obesity.
Revealing the Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng on Mitochondrial Respiration through Synaptosomal Proteomics
Authors: Kong Dezhi , Tian Xiaolin , Li Yunshan , Zhang Saihang , Cheng Yiru , Huo Lifang , Ma Huanhuan , Yang Zuxiao , Ren Leiming , Zhang Mingquan , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGinseng, the active ingredients of which are ginsenosides, is the most popular herbal medicine and has potential merit in the treatment of cerebral disorders. To better understand the function of Ginseng in the cerebral system, we examined changes in the protein expression profiles of synaptosomes extracted from the cerebral cortical and hippocampal tissues of rats administered a high or low dose of Ginseng for 2 weeks. More than 5000 proteins belonging to synaptosomes were simultaneously identified and quantitated by an approach combining tandem mass tags with 2D liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Regarding differentially expressed proteins, downregulated proteins were much more highly induced than upregulators in the cerebral cortical and hippocampal synaptosomes, regardless of the dose of Ginseng. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the majority of the altered proteins to be located in the mitochondria, directly or indirectly affecting mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Further functional experiments using the substrate‐uncoupler inhibitor titration approach confirmed that three representative ginsenosides were able to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that Ginseng can regulate the function of mitochondria and alter the energy metabolism of cells, which may be useful for the treatment of central nervous disorders.
Development and validation of a health‐related quality of life questionnaire for pediatric patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Niemitz Mandy , Schwerk Nicolaus , Goldbeck Lutz , Griese Matthias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeChildren's interstitial lung disease (chILD) is often associated with multiple burdens and chronic impairment of health‐related quality of life. Patient reported outcomes describe the patients’ perspective on medical conditions and their treatments. We aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a chILD‐specific PRO (chILD‐QoL) as an instrument for monitoring the patients’ health status.MethodsItems were generated through focus groups with parents, patients, and interviews with pediatric pulmonologists. After a pretest of the German pilot version, the questionnaire was refined and translated into four European languages. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed within a multi‐center collaborative throughout Europe involving 180 parents of children with an interstitial lung disease and 65 pediatric patients.ResultsThe final instrument is available in different developmentally adapted versions from infancy to adolescence, comprising between 5 and 11 items. The scales showed high internal consistency (Cronbachs’α between 0.85 and 0.94). Convergent validity was indicated by moderate to high correlations (r = 0.43‐0.91) with the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL™ 4.0 Core module). Lower scores were significantly associated with dyspnoea (tproxy = 3.18, P = 0.002), tachypnoea (tproxy = 2.95, P = 0.002), and with worse clinical course of lung disease (tself = 3.96, P < 0.05) as reported by the physicians.ConclusionsThe results indicate the reliability and validity of the chILD‐QoL for pediatric patients with interstitial lung diseases. It can be used for screening and monitoring subjective health status as perceived by the patients and/or their caregivers, as well as for evaluation of health‐related quality of life in clinical trials and intervention research.