bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Causal Inference with Continuous Instruments Using the Local Instrumental Variable Curve
Authors: Kennedy Edward H. , Lorch Scott , Small Dylan S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryInstrumental variables are commonly used to estimate effects of a treatment afflicted by unmeasured confounding, and in practice instruments are often continuous (e.g. measures of distance, or treatment preference). However, available methods for continuous instruments have important limitations: they either require restrictive parametric assumptions for identification, or else rely on modelling both the outcome and the treatment process well (and require modelling effect modification by all adjustment covariates). In this work we develop the first semiparametric doubly robust estimators of the local instrumental variable effect curve, i.e. the effect among those who would take treatment for instrument values above some threshold and not below. In addition to being robust to misspecification of either the instrument or treatment or outcome processes, our approach also incorporates information about the instrument mechanism and allows for flexible data-adaptive estimation of effect modification. We discuss asymptotic properties under weak conditions and use the methods to study infant mortality effects of neonatal intensive care units with high versus low technical capacity, using travel time as an instrument.
Spray‐dried plasma deficient in high‐molecular‐weight multimers of von Willebrand factor retains hemostatic properties
Authors: Meledeo Michael Adam , Liu Qiyong Peter , Peltier Grantham C. , Carney Ryan C. , McIntosh Colby S. , Taylor Ashley S. , Bynum James A. , Pusateri Anthony E. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDDried plasmas can overcome logistical barriers that prevent fresh frozen plasma (FFP) usage in acute resuscitation, but processing of these products can detrimentally alter the composition. Spray‐dried plasma (SpDP) from single units is deficient in high‐molecular‐weight multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a critical facilitator of platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. We hypothesized that converting high‐molecular‐weight multimers to smaller‐molecular‐weight multimers would retain vWF's capacity to mediate platelet adhesion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSpDP obtained from untreated FFP was reconstituted with glycine‐hydrochloric acid (HCl) and glycine (20 mM:50 mM) or pretreated with glycine‐HCl (20 mM) or glycine–glycine‐HCl (20 mM:50 mM) and reconstituted with water. In vitro hemostatic potential of SpDPs versus FFP or FFP spiked with 70 mM of glycine was evaluated, leading to a more detailed in vitro study of glycine‐HCl–glycine (20 mM:50 mM) pretreated SpDP. Plasmas were combined with RBCs and platelets to observe global coagulation response.RESULTSWhile vWF–ristocetin cofactor activity is significantly decreased (−41.13%; p < .0001) in SpDP, a model of vWF‐mediated platelet adhesion to collagen under flow showed enhanced function (+13%; p < .01). Fewer microparticles, particularly of platelet origin, were observed in SpDP versus FFP (p < .0001). Small but significant differences in thromboelastography results were observed, although SpDP and FFP were within normal ranges.CONCLUSIONComparable coagulability was observed in FFP and SpDP. The apparent paradox between vWF–ristocetin cofactor assay and vWF‐mediated platelet adhesion may be explained by the increase in smaller multimers of vWF in SpDP, producing different outcomes in these assays.
Community collective efficacy is associated with reduced physical intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence in the rural province of Mpumalanga, South Africa: findings from HPTN 068
Authors: Leddy Anna M , Lippman Sheri A , Neilands Torsten B , Twine Rhian , Ahern Jennifer , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , DeLong Stephanie M , MacPhail Catherine , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey E 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and is associated with a variety of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Collective efficacy, defined as mutual trust among community members and willingness to intervene on the behalf of the common good, has been associated with reduced neighbourhood violence. Limited research has explored whether community collective efficacy is associated with reduced incidence of IPV. This is of particular interest among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of HIV is greatest and IPV is common.MethodsWe collected longitudinal data among 2533 AGYW (ages 13–20) enrolled in the HPTN 068 cohort in Mpumalanga province, South Africa between 2011 and 2016. We included participants from 26 villages where community surveys were collected during the HPTN 068 study. Collective efficacy was measured at the village level via two population-based cross-sectional surveys in 2012 and 2014. Multivariable Poisson generalised estimating equation regression models estimated the relative risk ratio (RR) between village collective efficacy scores and subsequent physical IPV 12 month incidence, adjusting for village-level clustering and covariates.ResultsThirty-eight per cent of the cohort (n=950) reported at least one episode of recent physical IPV during follow-up. For every SD higher level of collective efficacy, there was a 6% lower level of physical IPV incidence (adjusted RR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) among AGYW after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsCommunity-level interventions that foster the development of collective efficacy may reduce IPV among AGYW.
Early versus late anticoagulation for ischaemic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation: multicentre cohort study
Authors: Wilson Duncan , Ambler Gareth , Banerjee Gargi , Shakeshaft Clare , Cohen Hannah , Yousry Tarek A , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Lip Gregory Y H , Houlden Henry , Brown Martin M , Muir Keith W , Jäger Hans Rolf , Werring David J 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeThe optimal time to start oral anticoagulant (OAC) in patients with ischaemic stroke due to non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. We reviewed OAC timing in relation to 90-day clinical outcomes as a post hoc analysis from a prospective multicentre observational study.MethodsWe included patients with data on time to initiation of OAC from CROMIS-2 (Clinical Relevence Of Microbleeds In Stroke-2), a prospective observational inception cohort study of 1490 patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and AF treated with OAC. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of TIA, stroke (ischaemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage) or death within 90 days of the qualifying stroke or TIA. We performed adjusted logistic regression analyses to compare early (0–4 days) and later (≥5 days or never started) OAC initiation.ResultsWe included 1355 patients, mean age 76 (SD 10), 580 (43%) women. OAC was started early in 358 (26%) patients and later (or not at all) in 997 (74%) patients. The event rate within 90 days was 48/997 (5%) in the late-OAC group (2 intracranial haemorrhages, 18 ischaemic strokes or TIAs and 31 deaths (three deaths were as a result of new ischaemic strokes)) versus 7/358 (2%) in the early-OAC group (5 ischaemic strokes or TIAs and 2 deaths). In adjusted analyses, late OAC was not associated with the composite outcome (adjusted OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.84, p=0.736).ConclusionIn adjusted analyses, early OAC after acute ischaemic stroke or TIA associated with AF was not associated with a difference in the rate of the composite outcome of stroke, TIA or death at 90 days, compared with late OAC. However, despite adjustment for important baseline factors, patients selected for early OAC and late OAC might still have differed in important respects; evaluation of OAC timing in adequately powered randomised trials is required.Clinical trial registrationNCT02513316.
An Oncolytic Virus Expressing a T-cell Engager Simultaneously Targets Cancer and Immunosuppressive Stromal Cells
Authors: Freedman Joshua D. , Duffy Margaret R. , Lei-Rossmann Janet , Muntzer Alice , Scott Eleanor M. , Hagel Joachim , Campo Leticia , Bryant Richard J. , Verrill Clare , Lambert Adam , Miller Paul , Champion Brian R. , Seymour Leonard W. , Fisher Kerry D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. Here, we modified the oncolytic group B adenovirus enadenotucirev to express a stroma-targeted bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). This BiTE bound fibroblast activation protein on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and CD3ϵ on T cells, leading to potent T-cell activation and fibroblast death. Treatment of fresh clinical biopsies, including malignant ascites and solid prostate cancer tissue, with FAP-BiTE–encoding virus induced activation of tumor-infiltrating PD1+ T cells to kill CAFs. In ascites, this led to depletion of CAF-associated immunosuppressive factors, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased gene expression of markers of antigen presentation, T-cell function, and trafficking. M2-like ascites macrophages exhibited a proinflammatory repolarization, indicating spectrum-wide alteration of the tumor microenvironment. With this approach, we have actively killed both cancer cells and tumor fibroblasts, reversing CAF-mediated immunosuppression and yielding a potent single-agent therapeutic that is ready for clinical assessment.

Significance:
An engineered oncolytic adenovirus that encodes a bispecific antibody combines direct virolysis with endogenous T-cell activation to attack stromal fibroblasts, providing a multimodal treatment strategy within a single therapeutic agent.
Effect of different sources of non-fiber carbohydrate on ruminal pH and in vitro digestibility of tropical forage
Authors: Ferrari Viviane Borba , Diaz Angélica Patrícia Ordoñez , Cônsolo Nara Regina Brandão , De Sousa Rafael Teixeira , Rodriguez Frederich Diaz , Silva Luis Felipe Prada e 
Published: November 2018

The present study aimed to evaluate non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) in sugarcane-based diets on rumen pH, and forage digestibility, and to describe NFC degradation curves. The study consisted of two trials. For the first trial, three rumen cannulated steers, BW of 350 ± 15 kg (mean ± SE), were assigned in a 3×3 Latin Square (LS) design. They were fed diets containing finely-ground (0.9 mm average particle size) corn (GC), steam-rolled corn (SRC), or pelleted citrus pulp (PCP). Each period had 14 d, with the first 12 for adaptation. The 13th d was for serial measurement of rumen pH, and the14th for rumen fluid collection and in vitro incubation for DM and NDF digestibility (IVDMD and IVNDFD) of bermudagrass hay (Hay), corn (CS), and sugarcane (SS) silages. In the second trial, rumen fluid of a cannulated bull, fed corn silage and a regular concentrate, was collected for in vitro digestion of NFC for multiple time points. The incubation results were used to adjust the NFC degradation curves, and calculate lag-time, feed fractions, and degradation rate. Data from first trial was analyzed in a 3×3 LS. The model for the digestibility parameters included fixed effects of forage (Feed), diets with NFC (Diet), and their interaction (Feed × Diet), and random effect of animal and period. The model for rumen pH included fixed effect of diet, time as repeated measures, animal and period as random effects. The significance was considered at probability ≤ 5% (α = 0.05). The NFC degradation curves were adjusted using the PROC NLIN procedure from SAS, and equation parameters compared using confidence intervals. There was a Diet × Time interaction on rumen pH (P = 0.04), where SRC decreased pH compared to PCP and GC diets at the time 6 h, only. There was no Feed × Diet interaction effect (P > 0.05) for any digestibility parameter. There was a Feed effect on both IVDMD and IVNDFD, either after 30 or 48 h incubation (P < 0.01). The CS had the greatest IVDMD, followed by SS and Hay, after 30 and 48 h of incubation. The CS had the greatest IVNDFD after 30 h, compared to SS and Hay. However, for IVNDFD after 48 h, CS presented the greatest mean, followed by SS and Hay. The rumen fluid from animals fed SRC decreased both IVDMD and IVNDFD (P < 0.05) of all roughages after 48 h. Results from the second trial showed that the PCP had lower Lag Time, B fraction and greater kd compared to both corn sources, and SRC had greater kd than GC. In conclusion, the SRC diet decreased rumen pH 6 h after feeding and, consequently, decreased fiber digestibility of the tropical forage sources evaluated. Although the PCP had lower lag time, and faster rate of degradation of B fraction, it did not negatively affect rumen pH or fiber digestibility of forage.
Mário de Andrade e Lúcio Costa no número inaugural da Revista do SPHAN
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Lúcia Bressan 
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo pretende analisar a contribuição de Mário de Andrade e de Lúcio Costa – dois colaboradores de primeira hora, e de primeira grandeza, do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), então denominado Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (SPHAN) – no número inaugural da Revista do SPHAN. Trata-se dos artigos A capela do Sítio Santo Antônio, de Mário de Andrade, e Documentação necessária, escrito por Lúcio Costa, considerados emblemáticos de um dos aspectos mais relevantes da atuação pioneira do Iphan: o estabelecimento de um campo do conhecimento voltado à história da arquitetura brasileira. A contribuição desses autores será apresentada no contexto de criação do novo Serviço, desde seu envolvimento prévio com a problemática da preservação e documentação da arquitetura brasileira, na década de 1920, até seu efetivo engajamento nas atividades do novo órgão.
Minha vida em cor-de-rosa
Authors: Oliveira Megg Rayara Gomes de 
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo discuto a transexualidade feminina na infância. Utilizo como objeto de análise o filme Minha vida em cor-de-rosa (Bélgica, França, Reino Unido, 1997) e o documentário Meu eu secreto (Estados Unidos da América, 2007), procurando fazer uma relação com o debate atual sobre ideologia de gênero. O interesse, então, está concentrado nas ideias centrais das duas produções, ou seja: a transição do gênero masculino para o feminino, a patologização e despatologização das identidades trans, a relação entre sexo anatômico e identidade de gênero, violência simbólica, cis heteronormatividade e a supervalorização do adulto. Para fazer esse debate recorro às reflexões de John Thompson (2009) sobre comunicação de massa e violência simbólica, os estudos de gênero e sobre diversidade sexual, bem como os estudos pós-estruturalistas, especialmente a obra de Michel Foucault.
Palavras-chave: Identidade de gênero, Transexualidade, Infância, Violência simbólica, Sociedade.
Meu corpo é a minha luta diária
Authors: Ferraz Mirela Ferreira 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a performance Espaço do silêncio, de Nina Caetano, a fim de discutir a dimensão crítica do trabalho no que se refere, sobretudo, à violência contra a mulher. Pretende-se analisar como a ação performativa realizada na rua redimensiona as fronteiras entre artista e público, tornando-se um dispositivo político de combate contra a violência em questão.
Palavras-chave: Performance de rua, Violência de gênero, Violência contra a mulher.
Feminino abjeto
Authors: Leite Janaina Fontes 
Published: November 2018

Este texto trata do processo de criação do experimento Feminino Abjeto, sob a luz de seu principal conceito norteador, a abjeção, tal qual proposto pela filósofa Julia Kristeva. Segundo a autora, o conceito remonta às tentativas primeiras de nos separarmos do corpo materno como processo de individuação. Processo nunca inteiramente concluído, a abjeção e o território da mãe permanecem como uma espécie de margem do real. É a partir dessa ideia que Feminino abjeto buscou na mãe, ou na tensão mãe-filha, um caminho para problematizar as representações do feminino hoje.
Palavras-chave: Abjeção, Feminino, Processo de criação, Teatro contemporâneo.
Carta para Judith Butler
Authors: Naves Flávia 
Published: November 2018

Nesta carta escrita para a filósofa Judith Butler, relato o percurso de criação e execução da performance duracional FIGURAÇA e de como esta se torna um problema de gênero ao revelar o corpo enquanto construção social e a identidade “mulher” enquanto marca de gênero a ser performada. Neste percurso, discorro ainda de que forma FIGURAÇA se tornou um procedimento de desestabilização e deslocamento da heteronormatividade em sua forma opressora.
Palavras-chave: Gênero, Heteronormatividade, Identidade, Marcas, Performance.
La fase attardata in cui è rimasto il Codice Civile italiano. Una felix culpa per la scienza giuridica degli anni dieci del novecento. Il giurista come intellettuale
Authors: Birocchi Italo 
Published: November 2018

Il saggio esamina l’affermazione della scienza giuridica italiana agli inizi del Novecento. Il processo di affermazione prende avvio con la crisi del modello liberale fondato sul codice civile, verso la fine dell’Ottocento, ma è soprattutto nel decennio della Grande Guerra che giunge a maturazione. Le diverse discipline giuridiche si rendono autonome dalla civilistica e si specializzano dandosi strumenti espressivi propri (riviste di settore; manuali). Mentre si specializzano, le diverse discipline predicano di essere accomunate dal metodo, che si asserisce essere scientifico perché depurato dalla storia e dalle ideologie. Perciò se ne accredita anche la neutralità. E però l’asserita neutralità della scienza giuridica non toglie, ed anzi implica, che il giurista si rivolga alla pratica e sia impegnato civilmente e nella politica (si teorizza anzi che compito del giurista sia quello di proporsi come legislatore, per incidere nel sociale). Queste linee generali di emersione della scienza giuridica vengono in particolare confrontate attraverso le figure di sei grandi giuristi nella loro formazione giovanile, considerati appunto ciascuno nel rispettivo specialismo disciplinare e nell’unità del metodo (Asquini, Betti, Calamandrei, Jemolo, Mossa, Vassalli).
Evaluation of the Quality of Precipitation Products: A Case Study Using WRF and IMERG Data over the Central United States
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Lin Liao-Fan , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Hydrological applications rely on the availability and quality of precipitation products, especially model- and satellite-based products for use in areas without ground measurements. It is known that the quality of model- and satellite-based precipitation products is complementary: model-based products exhibit high quality during cold seasons while satellite-based products are better during warm seasons. To explore the complementary behavior of the quality of the precipitation products, this study uses 2-m air temperature as auxiliary information to evaluate high-resolution (0.1°/hourly) precipitation estimates from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and from the version 5 Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) algorithm (i.e., early and final runs). The products are evaluated relative to the reference NCEP Stage IV precipitation estimates over the central United States during August 2015–July 2017. Results show that the IMERG final-run estimates are nearly unbiased, while the IMERG early-run and the WRF estimates are positively biased. The WRF estimates exhibit high correlations with the reference data when the temperature falls below 280 K. The IMERG estimates, both early and final runs, do so when the temperature exceeds 280 K. Moreover, the complementary behavior of the WRF and the IMERG products conditioned on air temperature does not vary with either season or location.
Observations of Large-Amplitude Mode-2 Nonlinear Internal Waves on the Australian North West Shelf
Authors: Rayson Matthew D. , Jones Nicole L. , Ivey Gregory N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge-amplitude mode-2 nonlinear internal waves were observed in 250-m-deep water on the Australian North West shelf. Wave amplitudes were derived from temperature measurements using three through-the-water-column moorings spaced 600 m apart in a triangular configuration. The moorings were deployed for 2 months during the transition period between the tropical monsoon and the dry season. The site had a 25–30-m-amplitude mode-1 internal tide that essentially followed the spring–neap tidal cycle. Regular mode-2 nonlinear wave trains with amplitudes exceeding 25 m, with the largest event exceeding 50 m, were also observed at the site. Overturning was observed during several mode-2 events, and the relatively high wave Froude number and steepness (0.15) suggested kinematic (convective) instability was likely to be the driving mechanism. The presence of the mode-2 waves was not correlated with the tidal forcing but rather occurred when the nonlinear steepening length scale was smaller than the distance from the generation region to the observation site. This steepening length scale is inversely proportional to the nonlinear parameter in the Korteweg–de Vries equation, and it varied by at least one order of magnitude under the evolving background thermal stratification over the observation period. Despite the complexity of the internal waves in the region, the nonlinear steepening length was shown to be a reliable indicator for the formation of large-amplitude mode-2 waves and the rarer occurrence of mode-1 large-amplitude waves. A local mode-2 generation mechanism caused by a beam interacting with a pycnocline is demonstrated using a fully nonlinear numerical solution.
Aliased Tidal Variability in Mesoscale Sea Level Anomaly Maps
Authors: Zaron Edward D. , Ray Richard D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSea level anomaly (SLA) maps are routinely produced by objective analysis of data from the constellation of satellite altimeter missions in operation since 1992. Beginning in 2014, changes in the Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS) used to create the SLA maps resulted in improved spatial resolution of mesoscale variability, but it also increased the levels of aliased tidal variability compared to the methodology employed prior to 2014. The present work investigates the magnitude and spatial distribution of these tidal signals, which are typically smaller than 1 cm in the open ocean but can reach tens of centimeters in the coastal ocean. In the open ocean, the signals are caused by a combination of phase-locked and phase-variable baroclinic tides. In the coastal ocean, the signals are a combination of aliased high-frequency nontidal variability and aliased variability caused by erroneous tidal corrections applied to the along-track altimetry prior to objective analysis. Several low-pass and bandpass filters are implemented to reduce the tidal signals in the mapped SLA, and independent tide gauge data are used to provide an objective assessment of the performance of the filters. The filter that attenuates both the small-scale (less than 200 km) and the high-frequency (period shorter than 108 days) components of SLA removes aliased baroclinic tidal variability and improves the accuracy of tidal analysis in the open ocean while also performing acceptably in the coastal ocean.