bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaforis dalam Lirik Lagu Populer Bertemakan Percintaan
Authors: Hermintoyo Muhamad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lyrics of the song are like the poetry of an aesthetic element that builds them as intrinsic elements, such as diction, rhyme, images and rhetorical means. In the hands of creative authors will create an interesting private diction diction and bring up beautiful metaphors. Song lyrics are created based on the author's emotional expression both from personal experience and see around him as the object of his creation. One of the most widely made is the lyrics of the song with the theme of romance, both ranging from approach / introduction, romantic seduction to the sadness left by her lover. This article discusses the metaphorical phrases in the lyrics of popular songs with the study of aesthetics, the elements that build the lyrics and their meaning. IntisariLirik lagu tak ubahnya seperti puisi ada unsur estetis yang membangunnya berupa unsur intrinsiknya, seperti diksi, rima , imaji dan sarana retorika. Di tangan pengarang yang kreatif akan memunculkan diksi private symbol yang menarik dan memunculkan metafor-metafor yang indah. Lirik lagu diciptakan berdasar ekspresi emosional pengarangnya baik dari pengalaman pribadi maupun melihat di sekitarnya sebagai objek penciptaannya. Salah satu yang paling banyak dibuat adalah lirik lagu yang bertemakan percintaan, baik mulai dari pendekatan/pengenalan, rayuan romantisnya sampai pada kesedihan ditinggal kekasihnya. Artikel ini membahas kalimat-kalimat metaforis dalam lirik lagu populer dengan kajian estetikanya, yaitu unsur yang membangun lirik dan maknanya.
Progressive Workload Periodization Maximizes Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle Injury Risk Factors
Authors: Severo-Silveira Lucas , Dornelles Maurício P. , Lima-e-Silva Felipe X. , Marchiori César L. , Medeiros Thales M. , Pappas Evangelos , Baroni Bruno M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Severo-Silveira, L, Dornelles, MP, Lima-e-Silva, FX, Marchiori, CL, Medeiros, TM, Pappas, E, and Baroni, BM. Progressive workload periodization maximizes effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on muscle injury risk factors. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1006–1013, 2021—This study aimed to investigate the effect of 2 different Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training programs (constant workload vs. progressive workload) on multiple risk factors for hamstring strain injury in high competitive level athletes. Twenty-one premier league rugby union players (∼26 years) were randomized into 1 of 2 experimental groups and completed an 8-week NHE training program: constant training group (CTG) or progressive training group (PTG). Knee flexor/extensor strength and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle architecture were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after the training programs. Increased hamstring concentric (Δ = 8%, p = 0.004, d = 0.42) and eccentric (Δ = 7%, p = 0.041, d = 0.39) peak torques, as well as H:Q conventional (Δ = 7%, p = 0.015, d = 0.54) and functional (Δ = 6%, p = 0.026, d = 0.62) ratios were observed in the follow-up compared with baseline for the PTG group only. Nordic hamstring exercise training significantly increased BFLH muscle thickness (CTG: Δ = 7%, p = 0.001, d = 0.60; PTG: Δ = 7%, p < 0.001, d = 0.54) and fascicle length (CTG: Δ = 8%, p < 0.001, d = 0.29; PTG: Δ = 10%, p < 0.001, d = 0.35) in both groups. Training adaptations on hamstring peak torque (concentric and eccentric) and H:Q ratio (conventional and functional) “likely favor” PTG, whereas changes in BFLH fascicle length “possibly favor” PTG. In conclusion, only PTG enhanced hamstring strength; both NHE training programs increased BFLH muscle thickness and fascicle length, but progressive training generated greater changes on fascicle length than constant training. Medical/coaching staff should be aware that NHE with adequate training periodization with workload progression to maximize its benefits.
Effects of the Safety Squat Bar on Trunk and Lower-Body Mechanics During a Back Squat
Authors: Hecker Kara A. , Carlson Lara A. , Lawrence Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Hecker, KA, Carlson, LA, and Lawrence, MA. Effects of the safety squat bar on trunk and lower-body mechanics during a back squat. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S45–S51, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine whether the safety squat bar (SSB) alters the mechanics and muscle activity of a back squat compared with a standard barbell (ST). Motion and muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremity were measured while 12 competitive powerlifters (8 males, 4 females, age 31.5 ± 6.3 years, body mass 88.1 ± 20.7 kg, competitive lifting experience 3.3 ± 2.8 years) squatted 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 75% of their 3 repetition maximum (3RM). Mean muscle activity and peak joint flexion angles were measured for the trunk and one lower extremity. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (p = 0.05) revealed an 11.3% decrease in 3RM when using the SSB. When using the SSB, there was a decrease in trunk and hip flexion (7.3 and 5.7° respectively) and a 50.3% increase in lower trapezius activation. However, using the SSB decreased activation of the rectus abdominis (46.3%), medial hamstring (17.1%), lateral hamstring (15.1%), vastus lateralis (9.3%), and medial gastrocnemius (18.8%). Squatting with the SSB resulted in a more upright trunk angle, which places less stress on the lower back, a commonly injured area when squatting. Decreases in lower-extremity muscle activation are likely due to the decreased load used, suggesting that the SSB may not be as effective as a standard bar to increase lower-extremity strength. However, the increase in the lower trapezius with the lighter load suggests that midback musculature may be challenged more by the SSB than a standard barbell.
Strategies for One Dimensional (1D) Compression Testing of Large-Particle-Sized Tire Derived Aggregate
Authors: Adesokan Doyin , Fleming Ian , Hammerlindl Adam , McDougall John 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Laboratory testing of a mass of large-particle-sized tire derived aggregate (TDA) to assess performance-related properties such as void ratio, compressive creep, and hydraulic conductivity under large loads poses a number of experimental challenges. Large-particle-sized TDA is shredded scrap tires with particle sizes from 50 mm to over 305 mm. The large particle size of the TDA mass results in experimental challenges, such as the need for a large test chamber and the need for a load application system with a capacity to apply and sustain large loads, while accommodating large vertical displacements from the compression of the TDA mass. As an example, to put these requirements into perspective, a mass of TDA with a nominal particle size of 150 mm requires a test cell diameter of at least 600 mm and preferably a diameter of 700 mm. If a load of 400 kPa were to be applied onto the TDA mass to simulate approximately 35 m to 40 m of overlying material (waste and routinely applied cover materials) in an application such as a landfill, the test apparatus must be capable of delivering over 150 kN of applied load. Furthermore, for a reasonable initial mass of TDA that is 1.2 m thick, the test cell will have to be designed to maintain that load over 0.6 m of vertical displacement because of the compression of the TDA mass. This article presents a number of practical strategies that were implemented to overcome the experimental challenges with testing large particle size, highly compressible TDA mass to establish the performance related properties for use in service. In some instances, components of the test equipment had to be re-engineered to accommodate exigencies that had not been anticipated, such as differential compression of the TDA mass. The focus of this article is on equipment design and experimental methodologies. A few sample results from the study are presented to illustrate the successful implementation of the design methodologies. Although TDA has been studied in this work, the strategies described herein can be applied to a wide range of highly compressible materials under large loads.
Novel Laboratory Pullout Device for Conventional and Helical Soil Nails
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Samanta Manojit , Sarkar Shantanu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Soil nails are widely used to stabilize unstable slopes, vertical faces of excavation, and tunnels. Pullout capacity of soil nails is an important design parameter and is influenced by numerous parameters. Determination of accurate pullout capacity is essential to ensure the adequate internal stability of the stabilized structures. A novel laboratory pullout device has been developed to overcome the limitations of previously developed instruments as reported in the literature. This article presents the design details and new features of the fully instrumented laboratory pullout device. The device can be used to study the influence of various parameters such as installation process, installation angle, vertical surcharge pressure, and surface roughness on the pullout capacity of conventional (driven) and helical soil nails. A series of soil nail installation and pullout tests have been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the novel device. Typical test results are presented and discussed in detail. The test results indicate that the pullout behavior of soil nail is significantly influenced by the method of installation, surface roughness, and inclination angle besides the surcharge pressure. Further, the installation capacity may be correlated with the pullout capacity of driven soil nail. Moreover, the installation capacity is significantly influenced by the installation angle and configuration of helical soil nail.
Consolidated Undrained Shear Behavior of Synthetic Waste Rock and Synthetic Tailings Mixtures
Authors: Hamade Matteus M. P. , Bareither Christopher A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mixture ratio (R) and synthetic tailings composition (i.e., particle-size distribution) on the undrained shear behavior of mixed synthetic waste rock and tailings (S-WR&T). Crushed gravel was used as a granitic waste rock (GWR), and mixtures of sand, silt, and clay were used to create average synthetic tailings (AST) and fine synthetic tailings (FST). Mixtures of S-WR&T were prepared to simulate coarse-dominated, optimal, and fine-dominated mixtures. Testing was conducted in consolidated undrained triaxial compression at target effective confining stresses of 10, 50, and 100 kPa. Coarse-dominated S-WR&T mixtures exhibited comparable shear behavior to pure GWR. Fine-dominated S-WR&T mixtures exhibited shear behavior that was more similar to pure synthetic tailings. However, an analysis of the undrained shear response indicated that the presence of GWR in fine-dominated S-WR&T mixtures can transition undrained flow behavior of pure synthetic tailings to limited-flow or no-flow behavior that is representative of GWR. The AST mixture prepared at optimal mixing conditions yielded an effective stress friction angle (φ′t) = 48°, and fine-dominated mixtures of AST yielded φ′t = 44°. The fine-dominated mixtures for FST yielded φ′t ranging from 32° to 38°, whereby φ′t increased with an increase in the amount of GWR in the mixture.
A Simple Approach to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Loading in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: O’Loughlin Conleth D. , Cocjin Michael L. , Gourvenec Susan M. , Stanier Sam A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article considers an alternative approach for multiplanar loading and multi-degree-of-freedom movement in geotechnical centrifuge model tests. The multi-degree-of-freedom loading system allows for vertical load control on the vertical axis and either displacement or load control on the two horizontal axes, while allowing rotation about these axes. The system is described in detail, and the system performance is validated through results from a centrifuge test comparing observed results with analytical and numerical solutions. The validation of the system considers a mudmat foundation under large amplitude lateral displacement, where two displacement degrees-of-freedom and two rotational degrees-of-freedom were of interest. However, the apparatus is versatile and can be used for testing other foundation types or pipelines, with up to six degrees-of-freedom.
Retinoic Acid Receptor RARα-Dependent Synaptic Signaling Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity at the Inhibitory Synapses of Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Zhong Lei R. , Chen Xin , Park Esther , Südhof Thomas C. , Chen Lu 
Published: October 2018

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a synaptic mechanism through which the nervous system adjusts synaptic excitation and inhibition to maintain network stability. Retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor RARα have been established as critical mediators of homeostatic synaptic plasticity.In vitrostudies reveal that RA signaling enhances excitatory synaptic strength and decreases inhibitory synaptic strength. However, it is unclear whether RA-mediated homeostatic synaptic plasticity occursin vivo, and if so, whether it operates at specific types of synapses. Here, we examine the impact of RA/RARα signaling in the monocular zone of primary visual cortex (V1m) in mice of either sex. Exogenous RA treatment in acute cortical slices resulted in a reduction in mIPSCs of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, an effect mimicked by visual deprivation induced by binocular enucleation in postcritical period animals. Postnatal deletion of RARα blocked RA's effect on mIPSCs. Cell type-specific deletion of RARα revealed that RA acted specifically on parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. RARα deletion in PV+interneurons blocked visual deprivation-induced changes in mIPSCs, demonstrating the critical involvement of RA signaling in PV+interneuronsin vivo. Moreover, visual deprivation- or RA-induced downregulation of synaptic inhibition was absent in the visual cortical circuit of constitutive and PV-specificFmr1KO mice, strongly suggesting a functional interaction between fragile X mental retardation protein and RA signaling pathways. Together, our results demonstrate that RA/RARα signaling acts as a key component for homeostatic regulation of synaptic transmission at the inhibitory synapses of the visual cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn vitrostudies established that retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor RARα play key roles in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, a mechanism by which synaptic excitation/inhibition balance and network stability are maintained. However, whether synaptic RA signaling operatesin vivoremains undetermined. Here, using a conditional RARα KO mouse and cell type-specific Cre-driver lines, we showed that RARα signaling in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons is crucial for visual deprivation-induced homeostatic synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses in visual cortical circuits. Importantly, this form of synaptic plasticity is absent when fragile X mental retardation protein is selectively deleted in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, suggesting a functional connection between RARα and fragile X mental retardation protein signaling pathwaysin vivo. Thus, dysfunction of RA-dependent homeostatic plasticity may contribute to cortical circuit abnormalities in fragile X syndrome.
Phase Synchronicity of μ-Rhythm Determines Efficacy of Interhemispheric Communication Between Human Motor Cortices
Authors: Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Desideri Debora , Belardinelli Paolo , Zrenner Christoph , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: October 2018

The theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in a distributed oscillating neuronal network depends on their instantaneous excitability state and phase synchronicity (Fries, 2005). Here, we tested this prediction by using state-dependent millisecond-resolved real-time electroencephalography-triggered dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (EEG-TMS) (Zrenner et al., 2018) to target the EEG-negative (high-excitability state) versus EEG-positive peak (low-excitability state) of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm in the left (conditioning) and right (test) motor cortex (M1) of 16 healthy human subjects (9 female, 7 male). Effective connectivity was tested by short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI); that is, the inhibitory effect of the conditioning TMS pulse given 10–12 ms before the test pulse on the test motor-evoked potential. We compared the four possible combinations of excitability states (negative peak, positive peak) and phase relations (in-phase, out-of-phase) of the μ-rhythm in the conditioning and test M1 and a random phase condition. Strongest SIHI was found when the two M1 were in phase for the high-excitability state (negative peak of the μ-rhythm), whereas the weakest SIHI occurred when they were out of phase and the conditioning M1 was in the low-excitability state (positive peak). Phase synchronicity contributed significantly to SIHI variation, with stronger SIHI in the in-phase than out-of-phase conditions. These findings are in exact accord with the predictions of the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route for highly effective modification of brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time when nodes in the network are phase synchronized and excitable.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in distributed oscillating brain networks depends on their instantaneous excitability and phase relation. We tested this hypothesis in healthy human subjects by real-time analysis of brain states by electroencephalography in combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation of left and right motor cortex. We found that short-interval interhemispheric inhibition, a marker of interhemispheric effective connectivity, was maximally expressed when the two motor cortices were in phase for a high-excitability state (the trough of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm). We conclude that findings are consistent with the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route to highly effectively modify brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time of phase-synchronized high-excitability states.
Enhanced CRFR1-Dependent Regulation of a Ventral Tegmental Area to Prelimbic Cortex Projection Establishes Susceptibility to Stress-Induced Cocaine Seeking
Authors: Vranjkovic Oliver , Van Newenhizen Erik C. , Nordness Michael E. , Blacktop Jordan M. , Urbanik Luke A. , Mathy Jacob C. , McReynolds Jayme R. , Miller Anna M. , Doncheck Elizabeth M. , Kloehn Tyler M. , Stinnett Gwen S. , Gerndt Clayton H. , Ketchesin Kyle D. , Baker David A. , Seasholtz Audrey F. , Mantsch John R. 
Published: October 2018

The ability of stress to trigger cocaine seeking in humans and rodents is variable and is determined by the amount and pattern of prior drug use. This study examined the role of a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-regulated dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the prelimbic cortex in shock-induced cocaine seeking and its recruitment under self-administration conditions that establish relapse vulnerability. Male rats with a history of daily long-access (LgA; 14 × 6 h/d) but not short-access (ShA; 14 × 2 h/d) self-administration showed robust shock-induced cocaine seeking. This was associated with a heightened shock-induced prelimbic cortex Fos response and activation of cholera toxin b retro-labeled VTA neurons that project to the prelimbic cortex. Chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway using a dual virus intersectional hM4Di DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) based approach prevented shock-induced cocaine seeking. Both shock-induced reinstatement and the prelimbic cortex Fos response were prevented by bilateral intra-VTA injections of the CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) antagonist, antalarmin. Moreover, pharmacological disconnection of the CRF-regulated dopaminergic projection to the prelimbic cortex by injection of antalarmin into the VTA in one hemisphere and the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, into the prelimbic cortex of the contralateral hemisphere prevented shock-induced cocaine seeking. Finally, LgA, but not ShA, cocaine self-administration resulted in increased VTA CRFR1 mRNA levels as measured usingin situhybridization. Altogether, these findings suggest that excessive cocaine use may establish susceptibility to stress-induced relapse by recruiting CRF regulation of a stressor-responsive mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding the neural pathways and mechanisms through which stress triggers relapse to cocaine use is critical for the development of more effective treatment approaches. Prior work has demonstrated a critical role for the neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in stress-induced cocaine seeking. Here we provide evidence that stress-induced reinstatement in a rat model of relapse is mediated by a CRF-regulated dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that activates dopamine D1 receptors in the prelimbic cortex. Moreover, we report that this pathway may be recruited as a result of daily cocaine self-administration under conditions of extended drug access/heightened drug intake, likely as a result of increased CRFR1 expression in the VTA, thereby promoting susceptibility to stress-induced cocaine seeking.
Trayectorias de la sistematización de experiencias. Su constitución como posibilidad de pensar la producción de conocimiento en escenarios académicos
Authors: Cogollo Carlos 
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo muestra, mediante una exploración documental, las trayectorias que han permitido a la sistematización de experiencias pasar de ser en sus orígenes una propuesta política de organización comunitaria de la América Latina de los años sesentas, a constituirse en una apuesta por la producción de conocimiento en escenarios académicos. El documento es construido retomando a los autores más representativos sobre el tema de sistematización de experiencias. Así mismo, busca mediante el rastreo realizado evidenciar algunas categorías en función de los soportes epistemológicos y los enfoques metodológicos, que fundamentan la sistematización, finalmente se intenta, a partir del recorrido propuesto, dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿Qué hacemos cuando sistematizamos?
RNA-Seq-Based Analysis Reveals Heterogeneity in Mature 16S rRNA 3′ Termini and Extended Anti-Shine-Dalgarno Motifs in Bacterial Species
Authors: Silke Jordan R , Wei Yulong , Xia Xuhua 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present an RNA-Seq based approach to map 3′ end sequences of mature 16S rRNA (3′ TAIL) in bacteria with single-base specificity. Our results show that 3′ TAILs are heterogeneous among species; they contain the core CCUCC anti-Shine-Dalgarno motif, but vary in downstream lengths. Importantly, our findings rectify the mis-annotated 16S rRNAs in 11 out of 13 bacterial species studied herein (covering Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Spirochaetes). Furthermore, our results show that species-specific 3′ TAIL boundaries are retained due to their high complementarity with preferred Shine-Dalgarno sequences, suggesting that 3′ TAIL bases downstream of the canonical CCUCC motif play a more important role in translation initiation than previously reported.