bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs are broadly present in angiosperms
Authors: Xia Rui , Chen Chengjie , Pokhrel Suresh , Ma Wuqiang , Huang Kun , Patel Parth , Wang Fuxi , Xu Jing , Liu Zhongchi , Li Jianguo , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSmall RNAs are key regulators in plant growth and development. One subclass, phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs) require a trigger microRNA for their biogenesis. In grasses, two pathways yield abundant phasiRNAs during anther development; miR2275 triggers one class, 24-nt phasiRNAs, coincident with meiosis, while a second class of 21-nt phasiRNAs are present in premeiotic anthers. Here we report that the 24-nt phasiRNA pathway is widely present in flowering plants, indicating that 24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs likely originated with the evolutionary emergence of anthers. Deep comparative genomic analyses demonstrated that this miR2275/24-nt phasiRNA pathway is widely present in eudicots plants, however, it is absent in legumes and in the model plant Arabidopsis, demonstrating a dynamic evolutionary history of this pathway. In Solanaceae species, 24-nt phasiRNAs were observed, but the miR2275 trigger is missing and some loci displaying 12-nt phasing. Both the miR2275-triggered and Solanaceae 24-nt phasiRNAs are enriched in meiotic stages, implicating these phasiRNAs in anther and/or pollen development, a spatiotemporal pattern consistent in all angiosperm lineages that deploy them.
Regenerative medicine curriculum for next-generation physicians
Authors: Wyles Saranya P. , Hayden Richard E. , Meyer Fredric B. , Terzic Andre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRegenerative sciences are poised to transform clinical practice. The quest for regenerative solutions has, however, exposed a major gap in current healthcare education. A call for evidence-based adoption has underscored the necessity to establish rigorous regenerative medicine educational programs early in training. Here, we present a patient-centric regenerative medicine curriculum embedded into medical school core learning. Launched as a dedicated portal of new knowledge, learner proficiency was instilled by means of a discovery–translation–application blueprint. Using the “from the patient to the patient” paradigm, student experience recognized unmet patient needs, evolving regenerative technologies, and ensuing patient management solutions. Targeted on the deployment of a regenerative model of care, complementary subject matter included ethics, regulatory affairs, quality control, supply chain, and biobusiness. Completion of learning objectives was monitored by online tests, group teaching, simulated clinical examinations along with longitudinal continuity across medical school training and residency. Success was documented by increased awareness and proficiency in domain-relevant content, as well as specialty identification through practice exposure, research engagement, clinical acumen, and education-driven practice advancement. Early incorporation into mainstream medical education offers a tool to train next-generation healthcare providers equipped to adopt and deliver validated regenerative medicine solutions.
Visual simulators replicate vision with multifocal lenses
Authors: Vinas Maria , Benedi-Garcia Clara , Aissati Sara , Pascual Daniel , Akondi Vyas , Dorronsoro Carlos , Marcos Susana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdaptive optics (AO) visual simulators based on deformable mirrors, spatial light modulators or optotunable lenses are increasingly used to simulate vision through different multifocal lens designs. However, the correspondence of this simulation with that obtained through real intraocular lenses (IOLs) tested on the same eyes has not been, to our knowledge, demonstrated. We compare through-focus (TF) optical and visual quality produced by real multifocal IOLs (M-IOLs) -bifocal refractive and trifocal diffractive- projected on the subiect’s eye with those same designs simulated with a spatial light modulator (SLM) or an optotunable lens working in temporal multiplexing mode (SimVis technology). Measurements were performed on 7 cyclopleged subjects using a custom-made multichannel 3-active-optical-elements polychromatic AO Visual Simulator in monochromatic light. The same system was used to demonstrate performance of the real IOLs, SLM and SimVis technology simulations on bench using double-pass imaging on an artificial eye. Results show a general good correspondence between the TF performance with the real and simulated M-IOLs, both optically (on bench) and visually (measured visual acuity in patients). We demonstrate that visual simulations in an AO environment capture to a large extent the individual optical and visual performance obtained with real M-IOLs, both in absolute values and in the shape of through-focus curves.
Research on transient insulation numerical analysis method of circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage
Authors: Qi Wu , Xiaoming Liu , Tian Yang , Longnv Li 
Published: February 2019

In order to reveal the process of insulation destruction of circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage, a new method of transient insulation numerical analysis is described in this paper. A combination of the electromagnetic transient analysis method and optimised charge simulation method (CSM) was put forward to calculate and analyse the transient insulation characteristics of 550 kV circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage. The results show that, within 0–15 μ, though the voltage of circuit breaker did not reach its peak, there is severe electric field distortion caused by sharp change of voltage with a high probability of circuit breaker insulation breakdown. In addition, as for the circuit breaker insulation structure optimisation design, it is advisable to restrain the change rate of electric field strength amplitude so as to reduce the probability of insulation breakdown, rather than simply verify insulation structure by using maxi‐mum electric field strength as the voltage input parameters of the electrostatic field under the power frequency in accordance with the traditional insulation analysis method, with the purpose of ensuring the circuit breaker can operate safely and reliably for a long time.
Das ZI-Track-Konzept in der modernen Psychiatrie: Eine syndromspezifische sektorenübergreifende Behandlung
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Leweke F. Markus , Deuschle Michael , Staudter Claus , Borgwedel Doris , Coenen-Daniel Maria , Heser Marco , Erk Katrin , Beivers Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungUm den aktuellen Herausforderungen in der Behandlung psychisch kranker Patienten gerecht zu werden, müssen neue Versorgungsstrukturen implementiert werden. Das „Track-Konzept“ bietet eine vielversprechende Alternative zu den aktuellen Behandlungsmodellen. Unverzichtbar ist dabei die Berücksichtigung der aktuellen ethischen und rechtlichen Grundlagen welche ausdrücklich die Reduktion der Zwangsmaßnahmen befürworten. Zentrale Ziele einer settingübergreifenden „Track-Einheit“ sind ferner die Förderung der Patientenautonomie, setting-übergreifende Behandlungskontinuität, Verbesserung der Therapieadhärenz und Reduktion stationärer Behandlungszeiten durch flexiblere Interventionen. Obwohl das „Track-Konzept“ eine Weiterentwicklung zum bisherigen Versorgungsmodell hat, empfiehlt sich seine Etablierung innerhalb einer psychiatrischen Klinik schrittweise zu gestalten, da eine Reihe von Veränderungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen erforderlich sind. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit werden diese notwendigen organisatorischen Veränderungen am Beispiel des Mannheimer Zentralinstituts für Seelische Gesundheit (ZI) vorgestellt. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird dann der notwendige bzw. hilfreiche räumliche Rahmen dargestellt. Im dritten Abschnitt gehen wir auf die sozioökonomischen Vorteile des „Track-Konzeptes“ ein, die anschließend unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Therapieleitlinien diskutiert werden. Dabei wird auch eine veränderte hausinterne Leistungsverrechnung und deren mögliche Weiterentwicklung dargelegt. Insgesamt geht die Umstellung auf das „Track-Konzept“ mit einer Vielzahl praktischer Veränderungen einher. Das Ziel ist eine bessere Verzahnung der Behandlungssettings in allen Stadien einer psychischen Erkrankung und bessere Orientierung für Patienten und Angehörige.
Evaluation of the Fall Risk of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery Patients by Establishing a Fall Risk Score and a Procedure Instruction in Clinical Routine
Authors: Lycke Christian , Bork Hartmut , Feindt Birgit , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. , Josten Christoph , Fakler Johannes K. M. , Roth Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article examines the risk of falls of orthopaedic surgery patients on admission to hospital. For this purpose, an internal clinical fall risk score was developed, which divides the patients into three risk categories. Subsequently, the validity of the score was recorded and possibilities for reducing the individual risk of falling were pointed out. The results show that the score can identify patients at high risk of falling on admission.
Rückkehr zum Sport nach der Behandlung von Osteochondralen Läsionen (OCL) des Sprunggelenkes: Eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Best Norman 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine Analyse der Literatur zu Osteochondralen Läsionen (OCL) des Sprunggelenkes mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die aktuellen Behandlungskonzepte und insbesondere die Rückkehr zur sportlichen Aktivität der oft jungen Patienten darzustellen.
Revision Single-Stage Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an Anterolateral Tibial Tunnel
Authors: Keyhani Sohrab , Hanafizadeh Behzad , Verdonk René , Sajjadi Mohammadreza Minator , Soleymanha Mehran 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRevision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a technically demanding enterprise. Management of widened or previously malpositioned tunnels is challenging and often requires innovative approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function and clinical results of revision single-stage ACL surgery using an anterolateral tibial tunnel (ALTT). A consecutive series of knees with arthroscopic ACL revision surgery were analyzed prospectively between April 2012 and September 2015. Among the 93 patients presented with revision ACL reconstruction, 25 patients met the study inclusion criteria for the ALTT technique and were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (range: 24–51 months). The clinical results were evaluated by means of the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Tegner activity level scale, and the knee stability was assessed by the Lachman test, pivot shift test, and anterior drawer test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the index knee before the surgery and 2 years after revision surgery was assessed. The mean IKDC subjective score, mean Tegner activity level scale, and mean Lysholm score significantly improved in all study participants. This study showed that ACL revision surgery with ALTT can reliably restore stability and provide fair functional outcomes in patients with ACL retear. One could expect acceptable lateral tibial tunnel length compared with medial tibial tunnel in classic ACL revision, intact bony surround, and good graft fixation. This technique is clinically relevant in that making an anterolateral tunnel in one-stage ACL revision surgery had a good subjective result with low complication rate in midterm follow-up.
Gender Disparity between Donor Sites of the Trochlea Used for Autologous Osteoarticular Transfer: An MRI Analysis
Authors: Rogers Kelly M. , Berman Daniel C. , Griffin Justin W. , Bonner Kevin F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess potential gender differences in size of the lateral and medial trochlea of the male and female knee as well as the variation within gender of potential osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) donor site area. Two hundred and twelve skeletally mature patients, 106 males and 106 females, who underwent a 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the knee for a variety of indications were utilized for analysis. Exclusion criteria included degenerative arthritis, trochlear dysplasia, and poor image quality. Medial and lateral femoral trochlear cartilage width was obtained using a linear radiologic measurement tool. Widths were measured from a reproducible anatomic location representing the maximal trochlear dimension in a region where donor plugs are commonly harvested. Trochlear width was also plotted as a function of patient height. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test. The mean and standard deviation of the lateral trochlear cartilage width (mm) for males and females were 23.38 +/− 2.14 and 20.44 +/− 2.16, respectively (p < 0.00001). The mean and standard deviation of the medial trochlear cartilage width (mm) for males and females were 14.16 +/− 2.17 and 11.78 +/− 2.03, respectively (p < 0.00001). The overall range in trochlear width for both the lateral and medial sides was 22.22 and 19.73 mm for males and females, respectively. A graft measuring 10 mm could represent as little as 34% of the lateral trochlea in males versus as much as 65% in females. Our results indicate that donor OAT plug diameter relative to available trochlear cartilage width will vary significantly both between genders and individual patients. Trochlear width variability and its potential implications on donor site morbidity may be an important consideration when contemplating osteochondral plug harvest for OAT or other indications. The level of evidence is IV.
Biomechanical Properties of Bioabsorbable Fixation for Osteochondral Shell Allografts
Authors: Thomas Dimitri M. , Stannard James P. , Pfeiffer Ferris M. , Cook James L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study compares bioabsorbable nail to metal screw fixation of shell osteochondral allograft (OCAs) for compression and shear strength. Cadaveric distal femurs (n = 5) yielding six 1.5 cm shell grafts (n = 30) were used. Three different fixation methods (2.0 and 2.4 mm headed screws, and copolymer absorbable nail) were compared for statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in contact area, contact pressure, and shear load-to-failure. No significant differences in contact areas existed among groups (224 ± 33.5 mm2; 233.9 ± 20.8 mm2, 220.6 ± 22.7 mm2; p = 0.509 for 2.4, 2.0 mm screw, and nail, respectively). No significant differences in contact pressures existed (1.7 ± 0.6 MPa/mm2, 1.5 ± 0.8 MPa/mm2, 1.4 ± 0.9 MPa/mm2; p = 0.73 for 2.4, 2.0 mm screw, and nail, respectively). Load-to-failure for each was: 280.7 ± 48.4 N for 2.4 mm screws, 245.1 ± 70.6 N for 2.0 mm screws, and 215.2 ± 39.4 N for nails. There were no statistically significant differences in load-to-failure between 2.4 and 2.0 mm screws (p = 0.29) or between 2.0 mm screws and nails (p = 0.23); however, load-to-failure in shear was significantly higher for 2.4 mm screws compared with nails (p = 0.036). Fixation of shell OCAs using a copolymer headed nail provides initial graft-recipient compression similar to fixation using 2.0 and 2.4 mm headed screws. Nails failed in shear at significantly lower load than 2.4 mm screws but not 2.0 mm screws which have proven adequate for clinical healing. This study has clinical relevance, as a copolymer bioabsorbable headed nail (SmartNail) has graft-recipient compression and shear load-to-failure properties that suggest it is viable for shell OCA fixation.
Eptacog Alfa (Activated) Is Physically and Chemically Stable over 24 Hours when Administered as Bolus Injections in an Automated Infusion Pump
Authors: Rexen Per , Jensen Jane , Schwerin Nina , Kozina Elena 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Eptacog alfa (activated) is a recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) used for the treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in patients with congenital hemophilia with inhibitors. Frequent dosing requirements make the use of an automated bolus infusion pump a promising alternative to manual administration.
Aims The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of room temperature–stable rFVIIa at 25°C over 24 hours in an automated bolus infusion pump.
Methods An automated bolus infusion pump with preset bolus injection intervals of 2 to 6 hours was used. Samples of rFVIIa were analyzed for critical quality parameters, presence of leachables, and microbiological growth. The infusion system was evaluated visually.
Results rFVIIa is physically and chemically stable when used in an automated bolus infusion pump system for up to 24 hours at 25°C. All critical quality parameter results were within the shelf-life limits and complied with the acceptance criteria. Leachables were observed at concentrations within their respective acceptance criteria. No visual changes in the syringe or infusion tube were observed; inherent particles in the reconstituted rFVIIa similar in size and description to those previously found in rFVIIa were seen. No microbiological growth was detected.
Conclusions rFVIIa is stable in a bolus infusion pump system for up to 24 hours at 25°C. Bolus injection intervals of 2 to 6 hours can be used without physical or chemical changes to rFVIIa. This study supports the use of an automated bolus infusion pump in the hospital setting, across all indications for rFVIIa.
Novelty and educational experience
Authors: Ingman Benjamin C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing the method of educational criticism and connoisseurship, I interviewed and observed 41 participants of adventure education (AE) programmes. Through these efforts, novelty was revealed as a central quality of the experience. In this work, this quality is characterised as it manifest in AE with an eye towards the educational value of novelty. The relationship of novelty to conceptions of educational experience is explored, and implications for schooling are offered.
Pulse-wave velocity and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Authors: Ruggeri Roberta , Brandolini Cristina , Del Vecchio Valeria , Pirodda Antonio 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The aetiology of the BPPV is still uncertain. Some factors have been individualized that could explain partly the onset or the tendency to the recurrence, among which traumas, osteoporosis, viral infections and cardiovascular factors of risk. With particular reference to the influence that the cardiovascular factors of risk can practice on the genesis and persistence of the BPPV, it needs to keep in mind that, despite these introduces a role largely sustained in literature, it concerns considerations that hear again of very controversial interpretations however.

Purpose:
The objective of the study is to try to furnish a good definition of the existing relationship between the VPPB and the rigidity of the arterial tree, reliable expression of the conditions of the vascular circle and easily measurable with the appeal to recent technologies. Primary objective: the definition of possible differences of the profile of rigidity of the vascular system among subjects affections from BPPV and subjects without otologic diseases. Objective secondary: the definition of possible relationships between recidivist of BPPV and profile of vascular rigidity in a population of adults and elderly.

Results:
The results allow to affirm that an association exists among BPPV and increase of the arterial vascular rigidity, shown from the presence of more elevated values both of cfPWV (carotido-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity) that of differential arterial pressure or pulsatry pressure (PP) in the patients with BPPV in comparison to those measured in the healthy subjects of the same age. Moreover, an association exists between recurrence of the episodes of BPPV and increase of the arterial vascular rigidity in the patients of superior age to 60, shown by the presence of more elevated values of cfPWV in the patients with recurring BPPV in comparison to those measured in the subjects
A Scoping Review of Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Disability in Older Adults
Authors: Wu Chao-Yi , Rodakowski Juleen L , Terhorst Lauren , Karp Jordan F , Fields Beth , Skidmore Elizabeth R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Minimizing disability is critical to reduce the costly health care associated with disability and maintain quality of life into old age. We examined the effect sizes of nonpharmacological intervention studies in reducing disability and explored the active ingredients of interventions.

Research Design and Methods
A scoping review was conducted via PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. Thirty-one randomized controlled trials were included. Eight active ingredients were identified by three experts (exercise, problem-solving, cognitive behavioral therapy, environmental modification, education, goal setting, comprehensive geriatric assessment, and cognitive training).

Results
The range of Cohen’s d was –0.85 to 1.76 across 31 studies (included 33 interventions); 67% studies (n = 22) obtained small-to-negative effect sizes (d = –0.85 to 0.18), accounting for 83% participants across studies. Interventions that incorporated exercise, problem-solving, cognitive behavior therapy, and environmental modification were associated with stronger effect sizes. Interventions that incorporated comprehensive geriatric assessment obtained small effect sizes.

Discussion and Implications
Majority of intervention studies found little or no effect in reducing disability for older adults. To optimize the effects of nonpharmacological interventions, we recommend researchers to (i) develop a screening tool for “risk of disability” to inform those who are early on the disability progression, yet not experience any difficulties in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; (ii) specify the active ingredients embedded in complex interventions to facilitate change in disability; and (iii) select sensitive tools to capture the progression of disability in late life.
Invasive Meningococcal Disease: What We Should Know, Before It Comes Back
Authors: Cabellos Carmen , Pelegrín Ivan , Benavent Eva , Gudiol Francesc , Tubau Fe , Garcia-Somoza Dolores , Verdaguer Ricard , Ariza Javier , Fernandez Viladrich Pedro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), sepsis and/or meningitis continues to be a public health problem, with mortality rates ranging from 5% to 16%. The aim of our study was to further knowledge about IMD with a large series of cases occurring over a long period of time, in a cohort with a high percentage of adult patients.

Methods
Observational cohort study of patients with IMD between 1977 hand 2013 at our hospital, comparing patients with only sepsis and those with meningitis and several degrees of sepsis. The impact of dexamethasone and prophylactic phenytoin was determined, and an analysis of cutaneous and neurological sequelae was performed.

Results
A total of 527 episodes of IMD were recorded, comprising 57 cases of sepsis (11%) and 470 of meningitis with or without sepsis (89%). The number of episodes of IMD decreased from 352 of 527 (67%) in the first to 20 of 527 (4%) in the last quarter (P &lt; .001). Thirty-three patients died (6%): 8 with sepsis (14%) and 25 with meningitis (5%) (P = .02). Cutaneous and neurological sequelae were present in 3% and 5% of survivors of sepsis and meningitis, respectively. The use of dexamethasone was safe and resulted in less arthritis, and patients given prophylactic phenytoin avoided seizures.

Conclusions
The frequency of IMD has decreased sharply since 1977. Patients with sepsis only have the highest mortality and complication rates, dexamethasone use is safe and can prevent some arthritis episodes, and prophylactic phenytoin might be useful in a selected population. A rapid response and antibiotic therapy may help improve the prognosis.