bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Reports in Education: A Virtual Orthopaedic Surgery Summit Enhances Medical Student Confidence in Preparedness for Orthopaedic Surgery Subinternships
Authors: Schmerler Jessica , White Ryan C. , Agarwal Amil R. , Harris Andrew B. , Gu Alex , Tabaie Sean , LaPorte Dawn M. ,   on behalf of the Medical Student Orthopaedic Society
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Medical school curricula offer limited exposure to orthopaedic surgery, and few national initiatives aim to prepare students for orthopaedic surgery subinternships, which are critical for success in matching into orthopaedic residency. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a single-day virtual “Subinternship Summit” for medical students in 2 key areas: 1) enhancing participants' confidence in their preparedness for orthopaedic subinternship rotations and 2) mitigating any disparities based on student characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, gender, or whether or not the student's school is affiliated with a “home” orthopaedic program.

Methods:
In March 2024, a single-day national virtual summit was held, featuring panels on topics relevant to performance during orthopaedic subinternships. The panelists included senior medical students, orthopaedic residents, and attending orthopaedic surgeons from across the United States. Surveys were administered to participants through Qualtrics before and after the summit to collect demographic data and to assess confidence in 6 domains of subinternship performance using 5-point Likert-scale items: overall preparedness, on-call responsibilities, “soft skills,” role in the operating room, role in the outpatient clinic, and understanding of resources. Our analysis included descriptive statistics, paired t tests, and multivariable linear regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
Of 787 medical students who registered for summit, 426 attended, of whom 180 (42%) completed both the presummit and postsummit surveys. Before the summit, students reported low confidence in all domains, with 5 of 6 domains averaging less than moderate (3/5 points). Multivariable analysis revealed no differences in presummit confidence across various demographic characteristics. After the summit, all 6 domains showed significant increases in confidence, with the lowest average being 4/5 (all, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This virtual summit effectively increased medical students' confidence in their preparedness and knowledge about orthopaedic surgery subinternships. Given the weight of subinternship performance in the match process, such an initiative may have the potential to increase medical students' success in residency applications.

Level of Evidence:

Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Your Other Job
Authors: Bell John S. 
Published: December 2024

This message concerns an aspect of our jobs which most of us have ignored, principally because we have regarded it as someone else's area of specialization, not ours. Your other job is public relations, a fascinating and important activity in which every one of us has both a responsibility and an opportunity to help our industry win new friends and hold old ones. And if ever the oil and gas business needed friendly understanding it is now.
Such a situation is strange at a time which should be one of pride and honor for the petroleum industry. We have recently commemorated our 100th anniversary, but instead of receiving public commendation for a century of faithful service we find our industry plagued, put upon, and pot-shot by our critics who take every advantage of the woeful lack of public understanding of the simplest facts about oil and gas.
While we may rightfully question the motives of those who attack us, we must also manfully acknowledge our own acts of omission. What we haven't done has helped cause the vacuum which our accusers fill with fables, distorted facts, and misinformation. This they do with purpose and design-they are our enemies-they are out to get us. What we are faced with is no powder puff skirmish; it is a battle for survival.
Injectivity Profile Logging and Its Applications
Authors: Staples D. R. , Haines F. S. 
Published: December 2024

The development and application of a technique that utilizes a radioactive solution to identify one of two streams being pumped into a water or gas injection well for establishing an injectivity profile is reported. One stream is fed into the tubing and the other fed into the annulus, with the latter stream containing a radioactive tracer. By controlling the injection rates of each stream, an interface at which the radioactive and non-radioactive streams meet in the annulus is established opposite the zone of interest. A conventional gamma ray sonde hanging in the tubing is used to determine the location of the interface. By a systematic adjustment of the relative stream rates and location of the interface, an injectivity profile is built up. Rates of injection of the two streams are always adjusted so that the sum of the two rates is a constant.
In application, the technique described herein has had primary use in determining the distribution of water and gas intake in input wells to verify their satisfactory operation. In other applications, this technique has been used to diagnose the effectiveness of selective plugging and selective remedial work, to determine whether or not the injection stream enters the zone of interest, to locate casing leaks and plugged wellbore conditions and to locate other anomalies in the wellbore itself.
Representative field data are included covering the use of this technique for injectivity profile surveys in secondary recovery projects.
Transport and Plugging Performance Evaluation of a Novel Recrosslinkable Microgel Used for Conformance Control in Mature Oil Fields with Superpermeable Channels
Authors: Alotibi Adel , Song Tao , Bai Baojun , Schuman Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Although recrosslinkable preformed particle gel (RPPG) has been successfully evaluated in the literature for mitigating conformance problems in open-fracture applications, there are no studies that have examined the transportation and plugging performance of microsized RPPGs (micro-RPPG) in high-permeability channels. We systematically evaluated a novel micro-RPPG and its transportation mechanism in matrix-like media. The micro-RPPG can recrosslink to form a bulk gel after being placed in the reservoir, combining the advantages of both in situ and preformed particle gel (PPG) systems. This recrosslinking ability prevents the gel from being washed out easily, ensuring sustained performance under reservoir conditions. In this study, the micro-RPPG characterization, self-healing process, transportation behavior, and plugging performance were investigated. A sandpack model with multipressure taps was utilized to assess the micro-RPPG suspension’s transport behavior and plugging efficiency. In addition, micro-optical visualization of the gel particles was deployed to study the particle size changes before and after the swelling process. Bottle tests showed that micro-RPPG could be dispersed and remain as separate particles in water with a concentration below 8,000 ppm, which is a favorable concentration for particle gel pumping. However, during the flooding test, the amount of micro-RPPG can be entrapped in the sandpack, resulting in a higher microgel concentration (higher than 8,000 ppm), endowing the gel particles with recrosslinking ability even with excessive water. The micro-RPPG could propagate through the sandpack model, and the required pressure gradient mainly depends on the average particle/pore ratio and gel concentration. The gel suspension significantly reduced channel permeability, providing sufficient resistance to post-waterflooding (more than 99.97% permeability reduction). In addition, the evaluation of micro-RPPG retention revealed that it is primarily affected by both gel concentration particle/pore ratios. We have demonstrated that the novel recrosslinkable micro-RPPG can transport through large channels, and it can also provide effective plugging due to its unique recrosslinking property. However, by this property, the new microgel exhibits enhanced stability and demonstrates resistance to being flushed out in such high-permeability environments. Furthermore, with the help of novel technology, it is possible to overcome the inherited problems commonly associated with in-situ gel treatments, including chromatographic issues, low-quality control, and shearing degradation.
Heterogeneity Modeling and Heterogeneity-Based Upscaling for Reservoir Characterization and Simulation
Authors: Madalimov M. , Li D. , Haynes B. , Dair Y. , Ehighebolo I. T. , Ionescu C. L. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Reservoir heterogeneity is a key factor in modeling reservoir performance. Heterogeneity measures can be calculated for a given permeability field but are not sufficiently straightforward to reverse the process. Detailed heterogeneity can be built into a fine-scale model but can be lost during upscaling to a coarse scale, no matter which method is chosen from simple averaging to flow-based (FB). In this paper, we propose a method of heterogeneity modeling and heterogeneity-based upscaling with the aim of solving these problems.
Unlike the traditional geostatistical method used to generate a permeability field that is not directly linked to a desired heterogeneity coefficient, the proposed method creates a heterogeneous permeability field directly using a Lorenz coefficient. Using a given Lorenz coefficient as an input, the expected heterogeneous permeability field can be generated via the proposed steps and equations. Using the proposed heterogeneity-based upscaling method, the Lorenz coefficient and curve, defined from the fine-scale model, can be preserved with minimum heterogeneity loss after upscaling such that gas/oil ratio (GOR) can be matched between the fine- and coarse-scale models without using pseudofunctions.
The proposed method has been applied successfully in modeling a giant carbonate oil field in the Caspian Sea consisting of a matrix-dominated platform and a fracture/karst-dominated rim. Due to the field’s complex geology and high H2S content, a dual-porosity/dual-permeability compositional model has been created to model compositional flow within/between matrix and fracture/karst initialized with an abnormally high reservoir pressure. The field surveillance data show that reservoir heterogeneity is a key component for the field reservoir characterization and simulation. The Lorenz coefficient and curves can be estimated from the cores and logs, but the challenge is how to preserve the characteristics of the Lorenz coefficient and curves during modeling, upscaling, history matching, and uncertainty analysis (UA). Application of the new method has demonstrated its ability to overcome this challenge and has significantly improved the quality of the field’s reservoir modeling, upscaling, history matching, and UA. The fine-scale model Lorenz coefficient and curves were directly applied to calculate the coarse-scale permeability. The range of the Lorenz coefficient and curves estimated from cores and logs were used to generate a range of heterogeneous permeability fields for UA. Regional Lorenz coefficients were adjusted based on the mismatches of GOR, and new heterogeneous permeability fields were generated to improve the history-matching quality.
Real-Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography vs. Three-Dimensional Printing: Detection of Multiple Perivalvular Leaks after Mitral Valve Replacement - A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Zhirong , Wan Qiuxian , Fan Chengming , Ai Qi , You Hong , Zhao Tianli , Hu Shijun , Wu Qin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To report on a patient who developed multiple perivalvular leaks (PVLs) after a mechanical mitral valve replacement, and how clinicians successfully used real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) combined with three-dimensional (3D)printing to complete transapical perivalvular closure. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to explore the advantages and disadvantages of multimodal imaging for PVLs. The case is a 63-year-old female patient with a history of rheumatic heart disease underwent mitral mechanical valve replacement, tricuspid valvuloplasty, and left atrial reduction four years ago. She presented with shortness of breath and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a PVL. RT-3D TEE combined with 3D printing technology was used to create a 3D model of the patient's heart, which allowed for precise identification of the PVLs. Ultimately, it was determined that the patient had two PVLs. The transapical occlusion was successfully performed with the guidance provided of 3D TEE. Postoperative follow-up indicated good recovery for the patient. The integration of 3D ultrasound with color Doppler mapping has demonstrated significant advantages in the identification and characterization of multiple PVLs. Furthermore, the synergistic application of RT-3D TEE and 3D printing technology facilitates superior precision and accuracy in PVLs closure, ensuring optimal positioning of occlusive devices. Utilizing multimodal imaging techniques is crucial for the effective management of PVLs, as it furnishes clinicians with vital data necessary to ensure the success of therapeutic interventions.
Experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the Malaria Infection Study in Thailand (MIST)
Authors: Naemiratch Bhensri , Kulpijit Natinee , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Day Nicholas P J , Prachumsri Jetsumon , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background Thailand has made significant progress in malaria control efforts in the past decade, with a decline in the number of reported cases. However, due to cross-border movements over the past 5 years, reported malaria cases in Thailand have risen. The Malaria Infection Study in Thailand (MIST) involves deliberate infection of healthy volunteers with Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites, and the assessment of the efficacy of potential vaccine and drug candidates in order to understand acquired protection against malaria parasites.Methods This paper drew from ethics and social science qualitative study called MIST-ETHICS embedded within the MIST studies. MIST-ETHICS aimed to describe and understand the experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the MIST studies. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. A total of 46 participants participated in the study.Results Three major themes emerged: experiences and perceptions of MIST, reasons for joining the study and ethical considerations. We found that though compensation was a motivation for participation, this was secondary to it being beneficial to self (health checks; link to health networks; building merit) and others (medical research contribution; altruism).Conclusions We conclude that the strict inclusion criteria, considered consent processes, and the reputation of the researchers and implementing institutes contributed to a largely positive perception of MIST. We also emphasize the need to continue the collection of ongoing perceptions for quality control such as improving information materials to clarify the purpose of initial phases as contributing to later phases, and the reasons for each selection criterion.Trial registration This manuscript is part of the clinical trials registered under ClinicalTrials.gov IDs NCT04083508 (MIST1) registered on 5 Sep 2019 and NCT05071079 (MIST2) registered on 28 July 2021. However, the manuscript pertains to a study involving human subject enrollment without specimen collection and does not require trial registration
High resolution chest computed tomography responses for a cohort of adult with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Chang Long , Wang Luo , Liu Zheng-zheng , Lang Min , Lin He , Liu Xiao-yan , Duan Minghui , Zhou Dao-Bin , Cao xinxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a heterogeneous histiocytosis with various pulmonary manifestations and imaging. We aim to evaluate the pulmonary response of LCH by high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) through continuous follow-up.We conducted a retrospective analysis of 73 adult LCH patients with pulmonary involvement. HRCT response was assessed by the change of HRCT global score (nodule score plus cyst score) between the baseline and after therapy. Among them, 69 patients (94.5%) had multi-system LCH with pulmonary involvement. 42 patients received methotrexate and cytarabine regimen, 15 received cytarabine monotherapy, 7 underwent target therapy. 14 (19.2%) achieved complete response (CR) and 45 (61.6%) achieved partial response (PR). The mean global lung-lesion score decreased from 12.2 to 10.6. The mean nodule score decreased from 4.7 to 4.1 and the mean cyst score decreased from 7.4 to 6.5. Overall, 25 (34.2%) exhibited an HRCT response and 3 (4.1%) had HRCT progression, while 45 (61.6%) maintained the same. Among patients with CR or PR, 57.1% and 40.5%, respectively, experienced an HRCT response, whereas no patient with SD or PD had an HRCT response. Multivariable analyses revealed that patients who received low dose cytarabine regimen and those with HRCT score ≥ 10 predicted a shorter PFS.
Spread through air spaces may predict early progression after salvage surgery for EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with targeted therapy
Authors: Liu Yu-Wei , Lai Wei-An , Hung Jen-Yu , Lee Yen-Lung , Chiang Hung-Hsing , Lee Jui-Ying , Li Hsien-Pin , Chou Shah-Hwa , Yang Chih-Jen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Salvage resection for residual lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations following EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is gaining traction for its survival benefits. However, the impact of pathological factors on survival remains unclear.
Methods:
Between 2013 and 2023, we retrospectively reviewed 34 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received EGFR-TKI therapy. After a median TKI treatment duration of 9.1 months, all patients demonstrated either partial response (n=27) or stable disease (n=7) before salvage surgery. Demographic, pathological outcomes, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Results:
Among the 34 patients, six (17.6%) achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) and nine (26.5%) had a major pathological response (MPR). Additionally, 11 patients (32.4%) exhibited spread through air spaces (STAS), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was observed in nine patients (26.5%). The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 55.5% and 73.2%, respectively. No significant differences in PFS or OS were observed regarding TKI generation, mutation type, pCR, MPR, or LVI. However, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that STAS was associated with shorter PFS compared to non-STAS cases (p=0.011). In multivariate analysis, STAS was identified as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.17–30.78, p=0.034). No significant prognosticators were found for OS in univariate or multivariate analyses.
Conclusion:
While salvage surgery following TKI treatment is feasible and prolongs survival by removing residual primary tumor with potential TKI resistance, STAS may contribute to a higher risk of early progression. This finding warrants further investigation and tailored treatment strategies.
The role of the contralesional primary motor cortex in upper limb recovery after stroke: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines
Authors: Suputtitada Peerapat , Costa Valton , Fregni Felipe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke often results in motor impairments, with recovery involving complex interactions between the lesioned (ipsilesional) and non-lesioned (contralesional) hemispheres. This scoping review investigates the role of the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) in motor recovery of the paretic upper limb following stroke, examining its structural and functional changes and compensatory roles.
Methods
A systematic search for scoping review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies examining contralesional M1 contributions to upper limb recovery in humans and animal models were included. Data were extracted, synthesized qualitatively, and assessed for risk of bias using SYRCLE and Cochrane tools.
Results
A total of 38 studies were included in the analysis, consisting of 34 focused on stroke patients and 4 utilizing animal models. The findings revealed the dual and task-specific role of the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) in upper limb recovery after stroke. In patients with severe motor impairments, contralesional M1 supported recovery through compensatory mechanisms, such as increased neuronal recruitment and functional reorganization. However, in cases with mild impairments, its activation was associated with inhibitory effects on ipsilesional reorganization, potentially delaying optimal recovery. Animal studies provided evidence of structural and functional plasticity, including dendritic remodeling and enhanced neuronal connectivity, which paralleled improvements in motor function. In human studies, contralesional M1 activation was task-dependent, with pronounced engagement during demanding tasks and unimanual movements. Ipsilateral motor deficits, including reduced dexterity, strength, and coordination, were commonly reported and underscored the disrupted interhemispheric dynamics influencing recovery. Neuromodulation techniques showed promise in modulating interhemispheric interactions and enhancing motor outcomes. These results emphasize the complex interplay between compensatory and inhibitory processes mediated by contralesional M1 in stroke recovery.
Conclusion
The contralesional M1 plays a complex, task-specific role in upper limb recovery after stroke, acting as both a compensatory resource and a potential inhibitory factor. Future research should stratify patients by impairment severity to refine therapeutic approaches.
Robotic trans-abdominal retromuscular hernia repair: mid-term outcomes and Surgical Site Occurrence (SSO) analysis in 120 patients
Authors: Ferraro Luca , Formisano Giampaolo , Salaj Adelona , Giuratrabocchetta Simona , Petz Wanda , Toti Francesco , Bianchi Paolo Pietro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Robotic surgery has become a popular method for treating ventral hernias due to its promising perioperative outcomes. However, the long-term results of this approach are still unclear. In this study, 120 patients underwent robotic trans-abdominal retromuscular mesh placement (r-TARM) with a mean follow-up period of 18.1 months. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the robotic approach reporting peri-operative and mid-term outcomes. Additionally, we examined possible risk factors that may contribute to the development of surgical site occurrences (SSOs).
Methods
Between January 2021 and September 2023, 120 patients underwent r-TARM for midline hernias, including 39 primary, 71 incisional, and 10 recurrent cases. A retrospective analysis was performed. A logistic regression model was used to identify possible patient risk factors for SSO’s development.
Results
The average operative time was 153.5 ± 47.2 minutes, and there were no open or laparoscopic approach conversions. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.9 ± 0.9. We observed SSO in 16 patients (13.3%). One patient (0.8%) required angiographic embolization due to post-operative parietal bleeding. The mean follow-up time was 18.1 ± 7.8 months, and we observed hernia recurrence in only 1 (0.8%) patient. The logistic regression model did not identify any possible risk factors for SSO.
Conclusions
r-TARM is a safe and effective method for treating ventral hernias not requiring posterior component separation. Our results indicate that patient and hernia characteristics were not predictive of SSO. Mid-term outcomes are encouraging, though longer follow-up is needed.