bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities in evaluating programmes incorporating human-centred design: lessons learnt from the evaluation of Adolescents 360
Authors: Doyle Aoife M. , Mulhern Emma , Rosen James , Appleford Gabrielle , Atchison Christina , Bottomley Christian , Hargreaves James R. , Weinberger Michelle 
Published: September 2019

Adolescents 360 (A360) is a four-year initiative (2016–2020) to increase 15-19-year-old girls’ use of modern contraception in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania. The innovative A360 approach is led by human-centred design (HCD), combined with social marketing, developmental neuroscience, public health, sociocultural anthropology and youth engagement ‘lenses’, and aims to create context-specific, youth-driven solutions that respond to the needs of adolescent girls. The A360 external evaluation includes a process evaluation, quasi-experimental outcome evaluation, and a cost-effectiveness study. We reflect on evaluation opportunities and challenges associated with measuring the application and impact of this novel HCD-led design approach. For the process evaluation, participant observations were key to capturing the depth of the fast-paced, highly-iterative HCD process, and to understand decision-making within the design process. The evaluation team had to be flexible and align closely with the work plan of the implementers. The HCD process meant that key information such as intervention components, settings, and eligible populations were unclear and changed over outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness protocol development. This resulted in a more time-consuming and resource-intensive study design process. As much time and resources went into the creation of a new design approach, separating one-off “creation” costs versus those costs associated with actually implementing the programme was challenging. Opportunities included the potential to inform programmatic decision-making in real-time to ensure that interventions adequately met the contextualized needs in targeted areas. Robust evaluation of interventions designed using HCD, a promising and increasingly popular approach, is warranted yet challenging. Future HCD-based initiatives should consider a phased evaluation, focusing initially on programme theory refinement and process evaluation, and then, when the intervention program details are clearer, following with outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. A phased approach would delay the availability of evaluation findings but would allow for a more appropriate and tailored evaluation design.
Generalized Structured Component Analysis in candidate gene association studies: applications and limitations
Authors: Thompson Paul A. , Bishop Dorothy V. M. , Eising Else , Fisher Simon E. , Newbury Dianne F. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) is a component-based alternative to traditional covariance-based structural equation modelling. This method has previously been applied to test for association between candidate genes and clinical phenotypes, contrasting with traditional genetic association analyses that adopt univariate testing of many individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with correction for multiple testing. Methods: We first evaluate the ability of the GSCA method to replicate two previous findings from a genetics association study of developmental language disorders. We then present the results of a simulation study to test the validity of the GSCA method under more restrictive data conditions, using smaller sample sizes and larger numbers of SNPs than have previously been investigated. Finally, we compare GSCA performance against univariate association analysis conducted using PLINK v1.9. Results: Results from simulations show that power to detect effects depends not just on sample size, but also on the ratio of SNPs with effect to number of SNPs tested within a gene. Inclusion of many SNPs in a model dilutes true effects. Conclusions: We propose that GSCA is a useful method for replication studies, when candidate SNPs have been identified, but should not be used for exploratory analysis.
High-Definition Chromoendoscopy Versus High-Definition White Light Colonoscopy for Neoplasia Surveillance in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Dong-Hoon , Park Soo Jung , Kim Hyun-Soo , Park Young Sook , Park Dong Il , Lee Kang-Moon , Jung Sung-Ae , Choi Chang Hwan , Koo Ja Seol , Cheon Jae Hee , Yang Suk-Kyun , Kim Won Ho , Kim Jihun , Kim Hogeun , Ryan Choi Chang-Ho ,   Korean Association for the Study of the Intestinal Diseases (KASID) study
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Although chromoendoscopy is currently the recommended mode of surveillance in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis, it is technically challenging and requires a long procedure time. The aim of this study was to compare the dysplasia detection rate of high-definition white light endoscopy with random biopsy (HDWL-R) vs high-definition chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy (HDCE-T).

METHODS:
This was a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial involving 9 tertiary teaching hospitals in South Korea. A total of 210 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis were randomized to undergo either the HDWL-R group (n = 102) or HDCE-T group (n = 108). The detection rates of colitis-associated dysplasia (CAD) or all colorectal neoplasia from each trial arm were compared.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference in the CAD detection rate between HDCE-T and HDWL-R groups (4/102, 3.9% vs 6/108, 5.6%, P = 0.749). However, HDCE-T showed a trend toward improved colorectal neoplasia detection compared with HDWL-R (21/102, 20.6% vs 13/108, 12.0%, P = 0.093). The median (range) time for colonoscopy withdrawal between the 2 groups was similar (17.6 [7.0–43.3] minutes vs 16.5 [6.3–38.1] minutes; P=0.212; for HDWL-R and HDCE-T, respectively). The total number of biopsies was significantly larger in the HDWL-R group (34 [12–72]) compared with the HDCE-T group (9 [1–20]; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
On the basis of our prospective randomized controlled trial, HDCE-T was not superior to HDWL-R for detecting CADs.
STUDIES DEVOTED TO ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME AT THE V.A. NASONOVA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF RHEUMATOLOGY: MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE DISSERTATION BOARD)
Authors: Reshetnyak T. M. 
Published: September 2019

The paper presents achievements associated with the study of antiphospholipid syndrome from its description to the present time, i.e. over the last 30 years, worldwide and at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.
BIOSIMILARS IN RHEUMATOLOGY
Authors: Nasonov E. L. 
Published: September 2019

One of the most striking achievements in the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other human immunoinflammatory diseases (IIDs) late in the 20th century is associated with the design of a fundamentally new group of medications that received the name biological agents (BAs). However, the introduction of innovative BAs into clinical practice not only could enhance the efficiency of therapy and improve prognosis in patients with the most severe forms of IIDs, but has also led to a dramatic increase in the cost of treatment. Progress in the design of biosimilars is related to many factors, including expiry of the term of patents for many brand-name BAs, such as infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, and rituximab. Over the last 5 years, a large number of biosimilars have been designed and their design is being continued. The European Medicines Agency, the World Health Organization, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have developed a regulatory framework and general requirements for the manufacture and characteristics of biosimilars. Federal Law No. 429-FZ «On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Circulation of Medicines"» dated December 22, 2014 defines a biosimilar drug as a biological medicine product that is similar to the parameters of quality, efficiency, and safety with the reference biologic drug in the same formulation, and the same route of administration. The review presents an update on the requirements for biosimilars used to treat IIDs, their interchangeability and promises in further clinical application. Particular emphasis is laid on the chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-α infliximab biosimilar Flammegis (Egis Pharmaceuticals, Hungary), that has been registered in Russia for the treatment of RA, ankylosing spondylitis and other IIDs, as well as the chimeric monoclonal antibodies to B-lymphocytes rituximab biosimilar Acellbia in a phase III clinical trial that is in the closing stage. Preliminary provisions and recommendations of the All-Russian public organization «Association of Rheumatologists of Russia» concerning the place of biosimilars in rheumatology are formulated.
THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (ESCEO) ALGORITHM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IS APPLICABLE TO RUSSIAN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A CONSENSUS STATEMENT OF LEADING RUSSIAN AND ESCEO OSTEOARTHRITIS EXPERTS
Authors: Denisov L. N. , Tsvetkova E. S. , Golubev G. Sh. , Bugrova O. V. , Dydykina I. S. , Dubikov A. I. , Menshikova L. V. , Peshekhonova L. K. , Rebrov A. P. , Torgashin A. N. , Trofimov E. A. , Yakupova S. P. , Zonova E. V. , Brewer O. , Cooper C. , Reginster J. , Knyazeva L. A. 
Published: September 2019

The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) treatment algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), published in December 2014, provides practical guidance for the prioritization of interventions. This current paper represents an assessment and endorsement of the algorithm by Russian experts in OA for use in Russian clinical practice, with the aim of providing easy-to-follow advice on how to establish a treatment flow in patients with knee OA, in support of the clinicians’ individualized assessment of the patient. Medications recommended by the ESCEO algorithm are available in Russia. In step 1, background maintenance therapy with symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) is advised, for which high-quality evidence is provided only for the formulations of patented crystalline glucosamine sulphate (pCGS) (Rottapharm/Meda) and prescription chondroitin sulfate. Paracetamol may be added for rescue analgesia only, due to limited efficacy and increasing safety signals. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may provide additional symptomatic treatment with the same degree of efficacy as oral NSAIDs but without the systemic safety concerns. To be effective, topical NSAIDs must have high bioavailability, and among NSAIDs molecules like etofenamate have high absorption and bioavailability alongside evidence for accumulation in synovial tissues. Oral NSAIDs maintain a central role in step 2 advanced management of persistent symptoms. However, oral NSAIDs are highly heterogeneous in terms of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety profile, and patient stratification with careful treatment selection is advocated to maximize the risk: benefit ratio. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid as a next step provides sustained clinical benefit with effects lasting up to 6 months after a short-course of weekly injections. As a last step before surgery, the slow titration of sustained-release tramadol, a weak opioid, affords sustained analgesia with improved tolerability.
AN OPEN-LABEL MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE EFFICACY, TOLERABILITY, AND SAFETY OF THE NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG AMTOLMETIN GUACIL IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND DYSPEPSIA
Authors: Tsvetkova E. S. , Denisov L. N. , Otteva A. N. , Dubikov A. L. , Yakupova S. P. , Ivanova O. N. , Korshunov N. I. , Vaisberg A. R. , Abyshev R. A. , Tartynov A. V. , Nasonov E. L. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of amtolmetin guacil (AMG; Niselat®, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, India) versus previous therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and signs of dyspepsia.Subjects and methods. The open-label observational study included 220 patients aged 30–65 years who suffered from knee OA and intense pain during NSAID intake and had symptoms of dyspepsia in the absence of contraindications to the use of AMG. Among the comorbidities that generally occurred in 68% of the patients, there was a preponderance of hypertension (42%), lower extremity varicose veins (6.4%), and diabetes mellitus (6%). Treatment efficacy was evaluated using three domains of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), by also taking into account pain intensity and general health assessment on the visual analogue scale. A Severity of Dyspepsia Assessment (SODA) scale was used to rate dyspepsia.Results and discussion. AMG had a marked analgesic effect confirmed by 40% or more pain reduction that occurred in 72.5% of the patients. The high analgesic effect of AMG was confirmed by a statistically significant (p <0.001) reduction in the WOMAC index (pain and stiffness) and by an increase in functional activity. There was a significant decrease in painless and painful signs of dyspepsia, as well as positive changes in the measures “overall assessment of dyspepsia severity” (p < 0.001) and “satisfaction with treatment”. Overall assessment of AMG tolerability was only positive: excellent (33%), good (56%), and satisfactory (11%). There were no serious adverse events (AE). AE were graded as moderate and mild in 8 and 82% of cases, respectively. AE were recorded in 7.7% of the patients. Conclusion. The findings suggest that AMG offers good prospects for knee OA treatment.
Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Xi Chen , Yuanyuan Liu , Dongshuang Zhao , Ziwei Fan , Shuang Cao , Jianguang Chen , Chengyi Zhang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this research, we investigated possible anti-inflammatory roles of Prunus tomentosa Thunb Total Flavones (PTTTF) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. PTTTF (4μg/ml and 40μg/ml) was applied to RAW264.7 cells induced with 1μg/ml LPS to test the impact of these flavones on neutrophil phagocytosis in vitro. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and two pro-inflammatory interleukin cytokines (i.e. IL-6 and IL-1β) in the supernatant fraction were tested via Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Expression of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 was detected via RT-PCR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was determined with a spectrophotometric assay (Micromethod). The results revealed that PTTTF at doses higher than 4μg/ml reduces the content of IL-6, IL-1β and PGE2 (P < 0.05), and elevates the activity of SOD in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells significantly (P < 0.05). PTTTF at 40μg/ml showed no significant effect on the expression of COX-1(P>0.05) but resulted in a significant inhibition of COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05). In summary, PTTTF had a substantial potential anti-inflammatory effect through the alteration of the synthesis of some cytokines and other mediators of the process of inflammation. Novelty statement - Prunus tomentosa Thunb Total Flavones (PTTTF) have known roles in the treatment of diabetes, but here we show that they are also potential anti-inflammatory agents. Our results show that PTTTF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through altering the synthesis of some cytokines and other mediators of the inflammatory process.
Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
Authors: Prakoso Nurcahyo Iman , Zakiyah Zahrah Nur , Liyanita Arida , Rubiyanto Dwiarso , Fitriastuti Dhina , Ramadani Arba Pramundita , Kamari Azlan , Mow Sim Kooi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAndrographis paniculata Ness is one of the plants that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. Structure investigation of major compounds that have responsibility for the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is very important so that it is known whether the antimalarial activity is synergistic or from the major compounds. Menthol and dioctyladipate as major component from n-hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness have been succesfully isolated using simple and inexpensive methods. The solvent system used are n-hexane : ethyl acetate (10:1) and n-hexane: chloroform (10:3) consecutively either for column or preparative thin layer chromatography. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS were used to determine the structure of compounds. The activity of n-hexane extract, menthol and dioctyladipate related to the inhibition of heme polymerization have been done comprehensively. The inhibition of heme polymerization activity of isolate compounds and n-hexane extract are classified to a good level (dioctyl adipate IC50 = 1.15 ± 0.41 mg/mL, menthol IC50 = 0.31 ± 0,01 mg/mL, and n-hexane extract IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and potentially as antimalarial. From the IC50, the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is working synergistically, not by the major compounds.
Pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) women
Authors: Kalok Aida , Abdul Cader Rizna , Indirayani Ima , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin , Omar Mohd Hashim , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition with multi-organ involvement predominantly affecting young women. There are very limited studies in pregnancy in Asian SLE patients and therefore we embarked on this study to identify pregnancy outcomes of Malaysian women with SLE.

Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective study of pregnancy outcomes in SLE patients in our institution from January 2007 to December 2014. A total of 71 pregnancies from 44 women were analysed.

Results
The mean age of our cohort was 30.5 ± 3.9 years. The rate of active disease at conception, antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus nephritis were 22.5%, 32.4% and 57.7% respectively. SLE flare occurred in 33 out of 71 pregnancies whereas 19 pregnancies were complicated with preeclampsia. The livebirth rate for our cohort was 78.9%, whilst preterm delivery was 42.9%. On univariate analysis, active disease and flare in pregnancy were both strongly associated with foetal loss and preterm delivery. Lupus nephritis (p = 0.011), SLE flare (p = 0.008) and antiphospholipid syndrome (p = 0.032) significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia. Aspirin and hydroxychloroquine were protective against foetal loss [odds ratio (OR) 0.12] and preeclampsia (OR 0.25), respectively. On multivariate analysis, active disease was a predictor of SLE flare (p = 0.002) and foetal loss (p = 0.018) and SLE flare was the main predictor of preterm delivery (p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Pregnancies in women with SLE should be planned and aspirin and HCQ use were beneficial in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Hammam-i-Bukhari (Turkish bath): A promising regimenal mode of Unani treatment
Authors: Peerla Noushad , Ahmed N Zaheer 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Hammam-i-Bukhari (Turkish bath) is one of the important regimens used for the prevention and cure of several bodily ailments in Unani system of medicine. This regimen is usually practiced in the Arab world. The classical Turkish bath is built in the form of cavernous structure with beautiful classy mosaics and fountains. This regimenal therapy advocates physical, psychological and cosmetic health by integral cleansing which has different corporal effects appearing in biological along with molecular level. This therapy reduces the viscosity of the khilt (humour), eliminates the khilt-i-radi (morbid matters) and also diverts the morbid matters to the surface of the body from deep seated organs. Unani physicians, sometimes advise to patients for massage and several other regimens with different medicated substances before hammam to enhance the physiological activity from where hammam eliminates by its unique actions which helps in establishing a state of humoural equilibrium thus promoting health. Due to its efficacy and necessity; this therapeutic module is gaining popularity and assuming greater prominence among patients who are referred by physicians. The present review will dwell at length various modalities of hammam with its beneficial effects so that wholesome wellness could be attained by practical indulgence.
Spiral spin structures and skyrmions
in multiferroics
Authors: Kurumaji Takashi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this article, we focus on (1) type-II multiferroics driven by spiral spin orderings and (2) magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic skyrmion-hosting materials. We present both phenomenological understanding and microscopic mechanisms for spiral spin state, which is one of the essential starting points for type-II multiferroics and magnetic skyrmions. Two distinct mechanisms of spiral spin states (frustration and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya [DM] interaction) are discussed in the context of the lattice symmetry. We also discuss the spin-induced ferroelectricity on the basis of the symmetry and microscopic atomic configurations. We compare two well-known microscopic models: the generalized inverse DM mechanism and the metal-ligand d-p hybridization mechanism. As a test for these models, we summarize the multiferroic properties of a family of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets. We also give a brief review of the magnetic skyrmions. Three types of known skyrmion-hosting materials with multiferroicity are discussed from the view point of crystal structure, magnetism, and origins of the magnetoelectric couplings. For exploration of new skyrmion-hosting materials, we also discuss the theoretical models for stabilizing skyrmions by magnetic frustration in centrosymmetric system. Several basic ideas for material design are given, which are successfully demonstrated by the recent experimental evidences for the skyrmion formation in centrosymmetric frustrated magnets.
Crystal and molecular structures of boldenone and four boldenone steroid esters
Authors: Turza Alexandru , Miclăuș Maria O. , Pop Aurel , Borodi Gheorghe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAndrosta-1,4-dien-17β-ol-3-one, also known as boldenone, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone. The crystal structures of boldenone base, boldenone acetate, boldenone propionate, boldenone cypionate and a boldenone acetate polymorph obtained by high throughput screening were investigated. Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots breakdown revealed that the molecular packing in the crystals are driven by dominant H⋯H intermolecular contacts, followed by O⋯H/H⋯O contacts and to a lesser degree C⋯H/H⋯C contacts. The steroid skeleton rings, for all the reported compounds, adopt the following conformation: planar in A, chair in B and C, whereas C(13) envelope conformations are found for the five-membered D rings. The total lattice energies were calculated as a sum of four terms (Coulombic, polarization, dispersion, repulsion).
Analytical Localization Lengths in an One-Dimensional Disordered Electron System
Authors: Rauh Alexander 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Analytical approximations of the Lyapunov exponent are derived for a random displacement model with equal potential barriers and random positions of the scatterers. Two asymptotic regions are considered corresponding to high and low reflectivity of the single scattering potential. The analytical results are in terms of a distribution function W for certain phases of the transfer matrices. A functional equation for W is derived and numerically solved. This serves to validate the analytical asymptotic formulas which turn out to be accurate in the high and low reflectivity regions with dimensionless wave number K < 2 and K > 6, respectively. The high wave number asymptotics allows for an analytical examination of the sufficient conditions for Anderson localization