bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
206 Attainment and maintenance of pubertal cyclicity may predict high A4 cows with reduced fertility
Authors: Cupp Andrea S , Nafziger Sarah , Abedal-Majed Mohamed , Tenley Sarah , Hart Mariah , Snider Alexandria , Bergman Jeff , Kurz Scott , Davis John , Wood Jennifer , Summers Adam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The UNL physiology herd has a population of cows that secrete excess androstenedione (A4) in follicular fluid. These High A4 cows are less fertile, have irregular cycles, are often anovulatory, and have similar characteristics to women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Ovarian cortex cultures of High A4 cows secrete more A4 than controls. High A4 cows reached puberty 45 d earlier than control cows. Thus, we hypothesized that heifers reaching puberty earlier were predisposed to become High A4 cows. To test this hypothesis, we collected blood plasma from weaning to breeding (2012–2017) in 611 heifers. A custom SAS program was developed using progesterone >1ng/ml to identify four distinct puberty groups: 1) Early Puberty- 317.0 ± 3.6 days of age (doa) with continued cyclicity (n = 143); 2) Typical Puberty- 378.4 ± 2.1 doa with continued cyclicity (n = 279); 3) Start-Stop Puberty- 265.3 ± 4.1 doa with discontinued cyclicity (n = 91); and 4) Non-Cycling- no P4≥1ng/ml (n = 98). The pattern of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) was increased prior to puberty in Early and Typical and reduced in Start-Stop and Non-Cycling heifers. Early heifers (4.9) had greater prebreeding reproductive tract scores, followed by Typical (4.7), Start-Stop (4.5), and Non-Cycling (4.0) heifers. At breeding, all heifers that showed estrus in response to PGF2a were artificially inseminated. Typical (78.9%), Early (79.5%) and Start-Stop heifers (50.3%) had a greater response compared to Non-Cycling heifers (12.6%). All heifers were exposed to bulls, and overall pregnancy rate was not different. However, a greater percentage of Typical (57.9%), Early (51.0%), and Start-Stop (45.2%) heifers calved in the first 21 d of the calving season compared to Non-Cycling (20.9%). Start-Stop (3.0ng/ml) and Non-Cycling (4.2ng/ml) heifers had increased A4 in ovarian cortex culture media compared to Typical (0.062ng/ml) or Early (0.091ng/ml) puberty heifers. Greater A4 produced by ovarian cortex of Start-Stop and Non-Cycling heifers, irregular cycles and reduced calves in the first 21 d indicates these females may be predisposed to becoming High A4 cows with decreased fertility.
220 A comparison of synovex one alone to synovex choice followed by synovex plus as implant strategies for finishing heifers
Authors: Schumacher Elizabeth , Erickson Galen E , Jordon D J , Cooper Robert , Scott Tony , Bundy Sheri , Sides Gary , Cleale Ralph 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A commercial feedyard study utilizing crossbred heifers (n = 1,737; initial BW 313 kg) fed for 182 days compared the effect of two implant strategies on performance and carcass characteristics. The study design was a randomized complete block with block as arrival date and initial BW; with pen as the experimental unit (12/treatment). Heifers were implanted with Synovex ONE Feedlot [200 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA), 28 mg estradiol benzoate (EB)] on d 1 (ONE), or implanted with Synovex Choice (100 mg TBA, 14 mg EB) on d 1 followed by Synovex Plus (200 mg TBA, 28 mg EB) on d 95 (CH/Plus). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mixed procedure of SAS with treatment and block considered fixed effects for performance. Quality grade (QG) and yield grade (YG) data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Implanting with Ch/PLUS tended to improve ADG and HCW (P ≤ 0.13) compared to implanting with ONE. Heifers implanted using ONE tended (P = 0.09) to have greater DMI than CH/PLUS heifers. Intakes were similar (P = 0.34) between treatments before re-implanting, but CH/Plus heifers had lower (P < 0.01) DMI in the final 85 days. Heifers implanted using CH/PLUS had significantly (P < 0.01) greater G:F calculated on a carcass basis compared to heifers implanted with ONE. Heifers implanted with CH/PLUS had significantly (P ≤ 0.02) lower marbling score and YG, higher dressing percentage, and greater LM area compared to heifers implanted with ONE. Heifers implanted with ONE tended to have improved QG distribution (P = 0.06) but poorer YG distribution (P = 0.09) compared to heifers implanted using CH/PLUS. These data suggest that implanting heifers with Synovex ONE Feedlot resulted in slightly less efficiency but better quality grade when fed equal days compared with using Synovex Choice and Plus reimplant program.
228 Modeling repeated measurements of diet composition
Authors: Jurado Napoleon Vargas , Lewis Ronald M , Eskridge Kent M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Estimating feed intake plays a key role in measuring the efficiency of feed use in livestock production systems. However, measuring feed intake in grazing environments is challenging. While the plant-wax marker methodology can be used to measure feed intake, an estimate of diet composition is also necessary. In addition, having a measure of the composition of the diet of grazing herbivores is important for grazing management and rangeland ecology. Although accurately estimating diet composition is possible using nonnegative least squares, modeling repeated measurements or relationships among individuals is not possible. Thus, the goal of this study was to develop models that account for covariance among repeated measurements and relationships among animals. These methodologies were tested on plant-wax marker fecal data from 21 beef cattle heifers, measured at two physiological stages, offered ad libitum pure red clover (Trifolium pratense) and tall fawn fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cubed hay. Plant-wax marker concentration (C27, C29, C31, C33) from the two forage species and fecal samples were measured using gas chromatography. The performance of the proposed methods was assessed by calculating normalized mean squared error (NMSE), mean absolute differences (MAD), reconstruction error (RE), mean bias, and standard error (posterior standard deviation). In addition, the intercept and slopes from regressing observed on estimated red clover proportion in the diet were tested for equality to zero and one, respectively. While modeling repeated measurements did not consistently improve the accuracy of estimation, accounting for relationship among animals appeared to improve MAD, NMSE and RE values. In addition, estimated intercept and slope from regressing observed on estimated red clover proportion did not differ from zero or one, respectively (P ≥ 0.18). While accounting for covariance among repeated measurements only marginally improved accuracy, incorporating a matrix of relationships among animals increased the reliability of estimates of their diet composition.
342 Evaluation of the effects of biochar on diet digestibility and methane production from growing and finishing steers
Authors: Winders Thomas M , Jolly-Breithaupt Melissa L , Wilson Hannah C , MacDonald James C , Erickson Galen E , Watson Andrea K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar (0, 0.8, or 3% of diet dry matter) on diet digestibility and methane production in growing and finishing cattle diets. The growing diet consisted of 21% brome hay, 20% wheat straw, 30% corn silage, 22% wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), and 7% supplement. The finishing diet consisted of 53% dry rolled corn, 15% corn silage, 25% WDGS, and 7% supplement. Biochar replaced fine ground corn in the supplement. Growing diets were evaluated over 6 periods in a switchback design, followed by the finishing trial with 3 periods in a crossover design using 6 steers (529 kg initial BW). Digestibility measures were taken over 4 d after at least 8 d of adaptation to diets followed by 2 d of gas emission measurements using headbox calorimeters. Statistical analysis included treatment and period as fixed effects and steer as a random effect with PROC IML of SAS used to generate coefficients for orthogonal contrasts. In the growing study, OM and NDF digestibility increased quadratically (P = 0.10) while OM digestibility tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.13) and NDF digestibility was not affected (P ≥ 0.39) by biochar inclusion in the finishing diet. Methane production (g/d) tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.14) in the growing study and was decreased 10.7% for the 0.8% biochar treatment relative to the control. There were no statistical differences in methane production (g/d) in the finishing study (P ≥ 0.32). Methane production (g/kg DMI) from the 0.8% biochar treatment relative to the control was numerically reduced 9.5% and 18.4% in the growing and finishing studies, respectively (P ≥ 0.13). Although biochar is not an FDA-approved feed for cattle, initial research shows potential as a methane mitigation strategy in both growing and finishing diets.
346 Effect of supplemental vitamin E in feedlot receiving diets on steer performance and immune function
Authors: Deters Erin L , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Single-source, Angus-cross steers (n = 204; 249 ± 23 kg) were utilized to determine the effect of supplemental vitamin (VE; ROVIMIX E-50 Adsorbate, DSM Nutritional Products) on performance and immunity during feedlot receiving. Seven days post-arrival, steers were blocked by BW and weaning protocol (pre-weaned or not) into pens (n = 5 or 6 steers/pen) and pens randomly assigned to VE treatments: no supplemental VE (CON), VE at 25 IU/kg DM (LOW; average 151 IU·steer-1·d-1), 500 IU·steer-1·d-1 (MED), or 1000 IU·steer-1·d-1 (HIGH). Steers were weighed on d -1, 0, 14, 26 and 27. On d 6, steers were boostered with Bovi-Shield Gold (One Shot, Zoetis). Serum collected from one steer per pen was analyzed for Se and α-tocopherol (d -1 and 26) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) type 1 and 2 antibody titers (d 6, 14, 26). Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with pen as the experimental unit (n = 9 pens/treatment), the fixed effects of treatment and block, and the random effect of pen. Linear, quadratic and cubic contrast statements were constructed. Serum Se and α-tocopherol concentrations from d -1 and titers from d 6 (prior to vaccination) served as covariates. From d 14 to 27, ADG and G:F quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.02), with MED being greatest; VE did not affect d 0 to 14 or overall trial performance (P ≥ 0.14). Day 26 BVDV type 1 antibody titers and α-tocopherol concentrations (2.7, 3.4, 4.6, and 5.8 mg/L for CON, LOW, MED, and HIGH, respectively) linearly increased due to VE (P ≤ 0.04). Increasing supplemental VE improved circulating VE concentrations and antibody response to a booster vaccine. Performance benefits were observed when VE was supplemented at 500 IU·steer-1·d-1, the dose recommended by NASEM (2016) for stressed cattle.
347 Supplemental copper concentration and feed restriction influence plasma metabolome of growing beef steers
Authors: VanValin Katherine , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the plasma metabolome of steers fed a Cu deficient or Cu adequate diet in response to a feed restriction (FR) challenge. Twenty-four Angus-cross steers (463 ± 29 kg) fed a common diet (4.5 mg Cu/kg DM) were utilized in a 2×2 factorial consisting of supplemental Cu concentration: 0 (CON) or 10 (SUPP) mg Cu/kg DM as CuSO4 and 5-d FR treatment: ad-libitum feed intake (AdLib) or restricted intake (RES-INT 50% of average pen DMI for 10 d prior). Steers were enrolled in a prior trial resulting in distinct liver Cu statuses of 6.7 ± 3.34 and 72.3 ± 26.6 mg Cu/kg DM for CON and SUPP, respectively. Steers were housed in pens (6 steers/pen) with GrowSafe bunks; steer was experimental unit. Steers were weighed at start and end of FR and plasma was collected at end of FR for non-targeted metabolomic analysis by GC/MS. Analyzed via Proc Mixed of SAS as a 2×2 factorial, DMI and ADG during FR were lesser in RES-INT than Adlib (P < 0.001), per design. Metabolites were analyzed in Metaboanalyst 4.0 by volcano plots, ANOVA, and significant analysis for microarrays with the fixed effects of Cu supplementation, feeding strategy, and the interaction. There were no interactions between Cu supplementation and feeding strategy (P > 0.99). Phenylalanine concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) while ornithine and glucose concentrations were lesser (P < 0.05) in SUPP vs. CON. Lactic acid concentrations were greater (P < 0.001), while heptadecanoic acid concentrations were lesser (P = 0.002) in Adlib vs. RES-INT. These data suggest that supplemental Cu concentration and feed restriction may alter the bovine plasma metabolome. Copper is required for phenylalanine metabolism, but further research is needed to fully evaluate the impacts of trace mineral status and feed intake on the bovine plasma metabolome.
352 Associations between day one piglet serum immunocrit ratio and subsequent growth during gilt development
Authors: Supakorn China , Lents Clay A , Martinez Xochitl , Vallet Jeff , Dean Boyd R , Rohrer Gary , DeDecker Ashley , Stalder Kenneth J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Colostrum intake affects gut development in the neonatal piglet. The pig’s subsequent growth performance and viability may be affected by colostrum intake. Immunoglobulin uptake can be effectively estimated from the piglet’s immunocrit ratio (IR). The objective of this study was to determine the association between IR and growth performance from weaning to 200 days. Associations between serum IR measures and subsequent growth performance such as body weight, backfat thickness, caliper reading, and flank-to-flank distance at weaning (WW), 100, 142, 160, and 200 days, average daily gain (ADG) between weaning to 100 days (ADG1), and ADG between 100 to 200 days (ADG2) were evaluated. The IR measures were collected from 2,715 female piglets on Day 1 at Circle 4 Farms, Milford, UT and measured by USMARC. The IR evaluation was divided into 5 groups: lowest (0.05 < IC; n = 90), low (0.05 ≤ IC < 0.1; n = 362), medium (0.1 ≤ IC < 0.15; n = 1,314), high (0.15 ≤ IC < 0.2; n = 949), and highest (IC ≥ 0.2; n = 141), respectively. Weaning weight, subsequent growth performance, and ADG least square mean for each IR category were analyzed using PROC GLM and PDIFF option for mean comparisons. Fixed effects for post-weaning growth traits were contemporary group (week x room), development diet, and birth weight category. Development diet was not included in the model for WW. Gilts from high and highest IR had significantly (P < 0.05) greater weaning weight (6.5 ± 0.1 kg and 6.5 ± 0.1 kg, respectively), backfat thickness, caliper reading, and flank-to-flank distance at 100 to 200 days, ADG1 (0.45 ± 0.004 kg/day and 0.45 ± 0.007 kg/day, respectively) and ADG2 (0.79 ± 0.005 kg/day and 0.81 ± 0.001 kg/day, respectively) when compared to gilts from lowest IR (5.9 ± 0.2 kg for WW, 0.39 ± 0.008 kg/day for ADG1, and 0.75 ± 0.01 kg/day for ADG2). These data support the concept that neonatal piglet colostrum intake results in improved subsequent growth performance.
369 Impact of an extended-release dewormer on fetal development and subsequent calf performance
Authors: Reiner Ashley M , Perkins Stephanie D , Rich Jerica J J , Northrop Emmalee J , Perry George A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Parasitism decreases the nutrients available for cow and fetal/calf performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an extended-release dewormer [LongRange® (eprinomectin)] compared to a traditional dewormer [Dectomax® (doramectin)] on fetal/calf performance. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 349) were grouped by age and randomly allotted to one of two treatments over a two year period 1) treatment with LongRange at AI and calves treated with Eprinex® or 2) cows and calves treated with Dectomax. In year 2, half of each treatment was switched to the opposite treatment and half remained on the same treatment to result in a 2x2 design (calf sex was included in the statistical model). Cow weight was determined at AI, d60, d135, and d365 (treatment year 2). Calves born in year 2 were weighed at time of AI and at weaning. Pregnancy rates (determined at 60 and 135 d after AI) did not differ in year 1 (P = 0.85, 0.29) or in year 2 (P = 0.44, 0.98). Both treatments lost weight from AI to d60 of the breeding season (P = 0.98); however, there was a weak tendency (P = 0.15) for LongRange cows to gain more from d60 to 135 compared to Dectomax cows. Performance did not differ from d135 to AI in year 2 (P = 0.79). Calves that were in utero during year 1 when their dam received LongRange treatment had increased weight per day of age at year 2 AI (mean calf age =58d) compared to Dectomax treatment (P = 0.05; 2.2 ± 0.09 vs 2.0 ± 0.07kg). Furthermore, year 2 treatment tended (P = 0.09) to impact weight per day of age at weaning (LongRange=1.4 ± 0.03kg, Dectomax=1.3 ± 0.02). There was no year 1 by year 2 interaction (P = 0.87). In summary, administering an extended-release dewormer at AI did not impact pregnancy success, but increased calf performance both at 50d of age and at weaning.
368 Effects of average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation on daily water intake of beef bulls in winter and early spring in Eastern South Dakota
Authors: Clark Dorothea , Wright Cody , Gonda Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Few studies have estimated effects of weather on water intake in beef cattle, and most of these studies estimated effects during summer months. Our objective was to estimate effects of temperature, wind speed, and sunlight on daily water intake (DWI) of beef bulls in winter and early spring. Angus and SimAngus® bulls (n = 36; average starting BW = 369.5 ± 81.8 kg) were sampled from the South Dakota State University Cow-Calf Education and Research Facility (CCERF, Brookings, SD) from December 22, 2017 through April 5, 2018 (104 d total). Bulls were fed a diet (51.97% DM, 14% CP, and 1.08 Mcal NEg/kg DM) of high-moisture corn, corn silage, alfalfa hay, and supplement pellet. Individual feed and water intake were measured with an Insentec RIC system (Hokofarm, Marknesse, The Netherlands). Weather data, including average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were obtained from a Mesonet station located 3.9 km from the CCERF. Body weights were collected before feeding at four time points: December 13-14 (averaged), January 23, February 20, and April 2. Average daily gain was calculated from BW and used to predict BW on each day of the trial. Daily water and feed intakes were summed across all bulls each day; total DWI for all 36 bulls was the dependent variable. Average DWI per bull was 17.8 ± 7.05 kg/d and average total DWI per bull (including feed) was 28.9 ± 10.1 kg/d. Effects of average temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were estimated with a linear model including a covariate of ADFI as percent predicted BW. Increased average temperature (P < 0.001) and solar radiation (P = 0.032) were associated with increased DWI, while increased average wind speed was associated with decreased DWI (P = 0.009). Temperature, wind speed, and amount of sunlight were associated with water intake of beef bulls fed from December until early April in Eastern South Dakota.
PSV-4 Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 hours after birth
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine D , Cooper Naomi , Tolosa Andres , Ellis Michael , Shull Caleb M , Brown Katie , Alencar Stephan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Newborn piglets experience a rapid decrease in body temperature, increasing the risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drying and/or warming at birth on piglet rectal temperature over 24 h after birth. The study was carried out at a commercial sow facility using a CRD with 4 treatments: Control (no drying or warming of piglets), Drying (piglets dried at birth using a cellulose-based desiccant), Warming (piglets placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min after birth), and Drying+Warming (piglets dried and warmed as above). Piglets were identified with a numbered ear tag. They were weighed at birth and rectal temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min (24 h) after birth. Sows and litters were randomly allotted at birth to treatments. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures model with PROC MIXED of SAS. Litter was the experimental unit and piglet was a subsample of the litter; the model included the fixed effects of treatment and repeated time, and the interaction. Rectal temperature at birth was similar (P > 0.05) for all treatments. Subsequently, piglets on the Drying and Warming treatments had similar (P > 0.05) temperatures, which were greater (P 0.05) than the Control at all measurement times up to 120 min. Drying+Warming resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) rectal temperature overall and at most times of measurement between 10 and 120 min. Rectal temperatures were similar for all treatment at 24 h after birth. In conclusion, drying and/or warming piglets at birth significantly increased rectal temperatures between 10 and 120 minutes after birth with the combination of the two having the greatest effect. This research was funded by the National Pork Board.
PSVII-6 Effects dietary herbal vitamin E on lamb performance, ruminal fermentation, blood biochemical profile, and meat oxidative stability
Authors: Martinez-Aispuro José A , Mendoza German D , Cordero Jose L , Ayala Marco A , Hernandez Pedro A , Martinez Jose A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate four levels of a natural vitamin E on lamb performance, blood metabolites, rumen metabolism and meat quality characteristics. Thirty-six male lambs (29.24 SD 2.54 kg Hampshire x Suffolk) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of dietary inclusion of Herbal E-50 (Nuproxa) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg dry matter (DM) for for 60 days in lambs that did not receive any additional source of vitamin E. A quadratic response was observed on daily gain, final body weight, feed conversion, intake blood cholesterol and glucose. The estimated optimal level of herbal E obtained of herbal E levels for average daily gain was 1.76 ± 0.10 g/kg and 1.84 ± 0.77 g/kg for feed conversion. Ruminal pH and the major volatile fatty acids were not affected by herbal E. A quadratic response was observed on blood cholesterol (P < 0.10) and glucose (P < 0.01). Dietary herbal E increased linearly counts of erythrocytes (P < 0.05), platelet (P < 0.10), proteins and globulins (P < 0.01) whereas the albumin/globulin ratio was linearly reduced (P < 0.01). Meat texture was improved (quadratic; P < 0.05) and the reducing/antioxidant capacity was improved linearly (P < 0.001) with herbal E. Redness measured at 7 d was also improved with herbal E (P < 0.05; lineal effect). The lamb performance can be improved with 1.8 g/kg Herbal E 50 in finishing lamb diets. The inclusion of herbal E feed plant additive improved the daily gain in finishing lambs, feed efficiency and improved meat oxidative stability.