bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
14C High Concentration Measurements with Relevance for Decommissioning of Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Enachescu M , Stan-Sion C 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTDecommissioning of nuclear reactors requires determination of all remnant long-lived isotopes that were produced during their long functioning time of the respective facilities. Radiocarbon (14C) is such an isotope (T1/2 = 5730 yr), widely produced by neutron reactions in a thermal column of a nuclear reactor. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) uses 14C for precise dating of up to 50,000 years old archaeological artifacts. This study presents a premier AMS measurement of high concentrated 14C samples that are strictly forbidden in laboratories dedicated to perform 14C dating. The determined 14C activities range from the natural level (isotopic ratio 14C/12C = 1.2 × 10–12) up to values of 10,000 times higher. 14C bulk and depth profile concentrations were measured in the thermal column disks of a decommissioned nuclear reactor. Results have shown that the 14C concentration in the thermal column, close the reactor core is about 75 kBq/g and decreases to 0.7 Bq/g and the end of the column. Such AMS measurements are applicable for decommissioning and waste management of nuclear reactors.
Meaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy II: Feasibility and acceptability from a pilot study in advanced cancer
Authors: Kissane David W. , Lethborg Carrie , Brooker Joanne , Hempton Courtney , Burney Sue , Michael Natasha , Staples Margaret , Osicka Tanya , Sulistio Merlina , Shapiro Jeremy , Hiscock Hilary 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveMeaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy aims to enhance meaning-based coping through a life review that focuses on the value and worth of the person, key relationships, sources of fulfillment, roles, and future priorities in living life out fully. We sought to test the feasibility and acceptability of a six-session model of MaP therapy against a wait-list control cohort in a pilot study seeking effect sizes on measures of adaptation.MethodWe randomized patients with advanced cancer to MaP therapy or wait-list control, with measures administered at baseline and after 6–8 weeks. Wait-list patients could then crossover to receive therapy, with further measures collected postintervention. Adherence to the manualized model was sustained through weekly supervision and fidelity coding of recorded sessions. We used generalized estimating equations to control for baseline and any correlation of data.ResultFrom 134 eligible participants, 57 (43%) consented, and 40 of 45 (89%) offered therapy completed 6 sessions. Key barriers to consenting patients were poor health (15 refusers and 4 withdrawals) and death intervened in 6 participants. MaP therapy generated adequate effect sizes in posttraumatic growth (new possibilities, appreciation of life, and personal strength) and life attitudes (choices and goal seeking) to permit calculation of power for a formal randomized, controlled trial.Significance of resultsDelivery of this model of existentially oriented therapy is feasible and acceptable to patients. A properly powered randomized controlled trial is justified to examine the efficacy of this intervention.
Hydrothermal Heat Enhances Abyssal Mixing in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Downes Stephanie M. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Rintoul Stephen R. , Lupton John E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUpwelling in the world's strongest current, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, is thought to be driven by wind stress, surface buoyancy flux, and mixing generated from the interaction between bottom currents and rough topography. However, the impact of localized injection of heat by hydrothermal vents where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current interacts with mid‐ocean ridges remains poorly understood. Here a circumpolar compilation of helium and physical measurements are used to show that while geothermal heat is transferred to the ocean over a broad area by conduction, heat transfer by convection dominates near hydrothermal vents. Buoyant hydrothermal plumes decrease stratification above the vent source and increase stratification to the south, altering the local vertical diffusivity and diapycnal upwelling within 500 m of the sea floor by an order of magnitude. Both the helium tracer and stratification signals induced by hydrothermal input are advected by the flow and influence properties downstream.
The Relative Importance of Geoeffective Length Versus Alfvén Wing Formation in the Saturation of the Ionospheric Reverse Convection Potential
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Lopez R. E. , Eriksson S. , Pham K. , Lin D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe compare the relative importance of two competing mechanisms (Alfvén wingvs.magnetosheath force balance) in determining the saturation of the reverse convection potential under northward interplanetary magnetic field. We run the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry magnetohydrodynamic model under strong northward interplanetary magnetic field (20 nT) twice: once with a solar wind number density of 20 cm−3and once with a density of 2 cm−3. We find that the reverse convection potential is reduced for the low‐density run, as predicted by both models. We also find that despite the formation of Alfvén wings, the sunward flows in the magnetosphere are governed by the local reconnection physics. Further, the length of the x‐line poleward of the cusp is reduced by a factor of 2 for the low‐density run. This suggests that the reverse convection potential is governed by the local reconnection physics at the x‐line and the geoeffective length.
Extremely Low Frequency (0.1 to 1.0 mHz) Surf Zone Currents
Authors: Elgar Steve , Raubenheimer Britt , Clark David B. , Moulton Melissa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLow‐frequency surf zone eddies disperse material between the shoreline and the continental shelf, and velocity fluctuations with frequencies as low as a few mHz have been observed previously on several beaches. Here spectral estimates of surf zone currents are extended to an order of magnitude lower frequency, resolving an extremely low frequency peak of approximately 0.5 mHz that is observed for a range of beaches and wave conditions. The magnitude of the 0.5‐mHz peak increases with increasing wave energy and with spatial inhomogeneity of bathymetry or currents. The 0.5‐mHz peak may indicate the frequency for which nonlinear energy transfers from higher‐frequency, smaller‐scale motions are balanced by dissipative processes and thus may be the low‐frequency limit of the hypothesized 2‐D cascade of energy from breaking waves to lower frequency motions.
Geographical and Seasonal Variability of Cloud‐Radiative Feedbacks on Precipitation
Authors: Naegele A. C. , Randall D. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have used observations to study the temporal covariability of precipitation and atmospheric radiative cooling (ARC, defined as positive when the atmosphere is radiatively cooled) on seasonal and longer time scales. Clouds act to decrease the globally averaged ARC, but their radiative effect on the ARC varies with latitude. Clouds decrease the ARC in the tropics, mainly by reducing the outgoing longwave radiation, but they increase the ARC in higher latitudes, primarily by increasing the downwelling longwave radiation at the surface. The temporal correlation of the zonally averaged precipitation rate and the zonally averaged ARC is about −0.7 in the tropics and +0.5 in higher latitudes, and it changes sign almost discontinuously toward the poles at approximately 30°N and 30°S. This suggests that changes in the ARC feed back negatively on precipitating tropical systems and positively on precipitating systems at higher latitudes.
A Rapid, Deterministic Age‐Depth Modeling Routine for Geological Sequences With Inherent Depth Uncertainty
Authors: Lougheed B. C. , Obrochta S. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTraditional approaches to age‐depth modeling typically assume no uncertainty for the depth value of dated intervals. However, such an assumption may not be fully valid in the case of poor coring recovery or significant sediment deformation, as well as in the case of a large subsampling interval. In consideration of these issues, we present a new age‐depth modeling routine, Undatable, which includes uncertainty in both age and depth. Undatable uses Bayesian radiocarbon (14C) calibration software (MatCal) and a deterministic approach with a positive sediment accumulation rate assumed a priori which, combined with efficient programming practices, allows for the rapid production (in a matter of seconds in many cases) of age‐depth models for multiple types of geological archives. Undatable has so far been successfully applied to coral archives, as well as sediment archives from estuarine, lacustrine, and deep‐sea environments. Through the inclusion of a bootstrapping option, the software performs particularly well in the case of a large scatter in age‐depth constraints by expanding the uncertainty envelope of the age‐depth model. Unlike other deterministic models, increasing the density of age‐depth constraints results in increased precision in Undatable, even at centennial scale, thus emulating the results of probabilistic models. In addition to the code itself, we also provide an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to experiment with multiple age‐depth model settings to investigate the sensitivity of a given data set to multiple parameters.
ATM orchestrates the DNA-damage response to counter toxic non-homologous end-joining at broken replication forks
Authors: Balmus Gabriel , Pilger Domenic , Coates Julia , Demir Mukerrem , Sczaniecka-Clift Matylda , Barros Ana C. , Woods Michael , Fu Beiyuan , Yang Fengtang , Chen Elisabeth , Ostermaier Matthias , Stankovic Tatjana , Ponstingl Hannes , Herzog Mareike , Yusa Kosuke , Martinez Francisco Munoz , Durant Stephen T. , Galanty Yaron , Beli Petra , Adams David J. , Bradley Allan , Metzakopian Emmanouil , Forment Josep V. , Jackson Stephen P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMutations in the ATM tumor suppressor gene confer hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. To explore genetic resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in cells treated with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan. Thus, we here establish that inactivating terminal components of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery or of the BRCA1-A complex specifically confer topotecan resistance to ATM-deficient cells. We show that hypersensitivity of ATM-mutant cells to topotecan or the poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib reflects delayed engagement of homologous recombination at DNA-replication-fork associated single-ended double-strand breaks (DSBs), allowing some to be subject to toxic NHEJ. Preventing DSB ligation by NHEJ, or enhancing homologous recombination by BRCA1-A complex disruption, suppresses this toxicity, highlighting a crucial role for ATM in preventing toxic LIG4-mediated chromosome fusions. Notably, suppressor mutations in ATM-mutant backgrounds are different to those in BRCA1-mutant scenarios, suggesting new opportunities for patient stratification and additional therapeutic vulnerabilities for clinical exploitation.
On chaotic dynamics in transcription factors and the associated effects in differential gene regulation
Authors: Heltberg Mathias L. , Krishna Sandeep , Jensen Mogens H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe control of proteins by a transcription factor with periodically varying concentration exhibits intriguing dynamical behaviour. Even though it is accepted that transcription factors vary their dynamics in response to different situations, insight into how this affects downstream genes is lacking. Here, we investigate how oscillations and chaotic dynamics in the transcription factor NF-κB can affect downstream protein production. We describe how it is possible to control the effective dynamics of the transcription factor by stimulating it with an oscillating ligand. We find that chaotic dynamics modulates gene expression and up-regulates certain families of low-affinity genes, even in the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic noise. Furthermore, this leads to an increase in the production of protein complexes and the efficiency of their assembly. Finally, we show how chaotic dynamics creates a heterogeneous population of cell states, and describe how this can be beneficial in multi-toxic environments.
Molecular recognition of the native HIV-1 MPER revealed by STED microscopy of single virions
Authors: Carravilla Pablo , Chojnacki Jakub , Rujas Edurne , Insausti Sara , Largo Eneko , Waithe Dominic , Apellaniz Beatriz , Sicard Taylor , Julien Jean-Philippe , Eggeling Christian , Nieva José L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntibodies against the Membrane-Proximal External Region (MPER) of the Env gp41 subunit neutralize HIV-1 with exceptional breadth and potency. Due to the lack of knowledge on the MPER native structure and accessibility, different and exclusive models have been proposed for the molecular mechanism of MPER recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, accessibility of antibodies to the native Env MPER on single virions has been addressed through STED microscopy. STED imaging of fluorescently labeled Fabs reveals a common pattern of native Env recognition for HIV-1 antibodies targeting MPER or the surface subunit gp120. In the case of anti-MPER antibodies, the process evolves with extra contribution of interactions with the viral lipid membrane to binding specificity. Our data provide biophysical insights into the recognition of the potent and broadly neutralizing MPER epitope on HIV virions, and as such is of importance for the design of therapeutic interventions.
Sulfide resorption during crustal ascent and degassing of oceanic plateau basalts
Authors: Reekie C. D. J. , Jenner F. E. , Smythe D. J. , Hauri E. H. , Bullock E. S. , Williams H. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMantle plume-related magmas typically have higher chalcophile and siderophile element (CSE) contents than mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). These differences are often attributed to sulfide-under-saturation of plume-related melts. However, because of eruption-related degassing of sulfur (S) and the compositional, pressure, temperature and redox effects on S-solubility, understanding the magmatic behavior of S is challenging. Using CSE data for oceanic plateau basalts (OPB), which rarely degas S, we show that many OPB are sulfide-saturated. Differences in the timing of sulfide-saturation between individual OPB suites can be explained by pressure effects on sulfur solubility associated with ascent through over-thickened crust. Importantly, where S-degassing does occur, OPB have higher CSE contents than S-undegassed melts at similar stages of differentiation. This can be explained by resorption of earlier-formed sulfides, which might play an important role in enriching degassed melts in sulfide-compatible CSE and potentially contributes to anomalous enrichments of CSE in the crust.
Light induced non-volatile switching of superconductivity in single layer FeSe on SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: Yang Ming , Yan Chenhui , Ma Yanjun , Li Lian , Cen Cheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe capability of controlling superconductivity by light is highly desirable for active quantum device applications. Since superconductors rarely exhibit strong photoresponses, and optically sensitive materials are often not superconducting, efficient coupling between these two characters can be very challenging in a single material. Here we show that, in FeSe/SrTiO3 heterostructures, the superconducting transition temperature in FeSe monolayer can be effectively raised by the interband photoexcitations in the SrTiO3 substrate. Attributed to a light induced metastable polar distortion uniquely enabled by the FeSe/SrTiO3 interface, this effect only requires a less than 50 µW cm−2 continuous-wave light field. The fast optical generation of superconducting zero resistance state is non-volatile but can be rapidly reversed by applying voltage pulses to the back of SrTiO3 substrate. The capability of switching FeSe repeatedly and reliably between normal and superconducting states demonstrate the great potential of making energy-efficient quantum optoelectronics at designed correlated interfaces.
Thrombospondin-3 augments injury-induced cardiomyopathy by intracellular integrin inhibition and sarcolemmal instability
Authors: Schips Tobias G. , Vanhoutte Davy , Vo Alexander , Correll Robert N. , Brody Matthew J. , Khalil Hadi , Karch Jason , Tjondrokoesoemo Andoria , Sargent Michelle A. , Maillet Marjorie , Ross Robert S. , Molkentin Jeffery D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThrombospondins (Thbs) are a family of five secreted matricellular glycoproteins in vertebrates that broadly affect cell-matrix interaction. While Thbs4 is known to protect striated muscle from disease by enhancing sarcolemmal stability through increased integrin and dystroglycan attachment complexes, here we show that Thbs3 antithetically promotes sarcolemmal destabilization by reducing integrin function, augmenting disease-induced decompensation. Deletion of Thbs3 in mice enhances integrin membrane expression and membrane stability, protecting the heart from disease stimuli. Transgene-mediated overexpression of α7β1D integrin in the heart ameliorates the disease predisposing effects of Thbs3 by augmenting sarcolemmal stability. Mechanistically, we show that mutating Thbs3 to contain the conserved RGD integrin binding domain normally found in Thbs4 and Thbs5 now rescues the defective expression of integrins on the sarcolemma. Thus, Thbs proteins mediate the intracellular processing of integrin plasma membrane attachment complexes to regulate the dynamics of cellular remodeling and membrane stability.
Comparison of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of large bile duct stones
Authors: Park Jin-Seok , Jeong Seok , Lee Dong , Jang Sung , Lee Tae , Park Sang-Heum , Hwang Jae , Kim Jin , Yoo Byoung , Park Shin , Lee Don 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) produces excellent outcomes for the treatment of large common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, it remains unclear how the outcomes of EPLBD alone compare with those of EPLBD with EST. In this study, we assessed the safety and therapeutic outcomes of EPLBD with vs. without EST for the removal of large bile duct stones.
Methods This prospective, multicenter study was conducted on 200 patients with bile duct stones of ≥ 10 mm in diameter. Patients were randomly assigned to an EPLBD alone group (n = 100) or an EPLBD with EST group (n = 100). These two groups were compared with respect to overall procedure-related adverse events, overall stone removal success rate, number of endoscopic sessions required for complete stone removal, need for mechanical lithotripsy, and total procedure time.
Results The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EPLBD alone vs. EPLBD with EST: overall adverse events 6 % vs. 4 %, P = 0.75; pancreatitis 1 % vs. 3 %, P = 0.62). Overall success (P = 0.35), initial success (P = 0.28), and the need for mechanical lithotripsy (P = 0.39) were also similar between groups. Median total procedure time tended to be greater in the EPLBD alone group (20.5 minutes) than in the EPLBD with EST group (18 minutes; P = 0.08).
Conclusion The therapeutic outcomes and adverse events of EPLBD alone for the removal of large bile duct stones were comparable to those of EPLBD with EST.
Tissue acquisition for diagnosis of biliary strictures using peroral cholangioscopy or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: Lee Yun , Moon Jong , Choi Hyun , Kim Hee , Lee Hyun , Lee Tae , Choi Moon , Cha Sang-Woo , Cho Young , Park Sang-Heum 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a first-line diagnostic modality for suspected malignant biliary stricture (MBS), the diagnostic yield of ERCP-based tissue sampling is insufficient. Peroral cholangioscopy-guided forceps biopsy (POC-FB) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) are evolving as reliable diagnostic procedures for inconclusive MBS. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a diagnostic approach using POC-FB or EUS-FNAB according to the stricture location in patients with suspected MBS.
Methods Consecutive patients diagnosed with suspected MBS with obstructive jaundice and/or cholangitis were enrolled prospectively. ERCP with transpapillary forceps biopsy (TPB) was performed initially. When malignancy was not confirmed by TPB, POC-FB using a SpyGlass direct visualization system or direct POC using an ultraslim endoscope was performed for proximal strictures, and EUS-FNAB was performed for distal strictures as a follow-up biopsy.
Results Among a total of 181 patients, initial TPB showed malignancy in 122 patients, and the diagnostic accuracy of initial TPB was 71.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 65.3 % – 78.4 %]. Of the 59 patients in whom TPB was negative for malignancy, 32 had proximal biliary strictures and underwent successful POC. The remaining 27 patients had distal strictures and underwent successful EUS-FNAB. The accuracy of malignancy detection using POC-FB for proximal biliary strictures and EUS-FNAB for distal biliary strictures was 93.6 % (95 %CI 84.9 %−100 %) and 96.3 % (95 %CI 89.2 %−100 %), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy for the combination of TPB with either POC-FB for proximal strictures and EUS-FNAB for distal strictures was 98.3 % (95 %CI 95.9 %−100 %) and 98.4 % (95 %CI 95.3 %−100 %), respectively.
Conclusions An approach using POC-FB or EUS-FNAB according to the stricture location may be useful in the diagnosis of suspected MBS.
Kombinierte intravitreale Therapie mit Dexamethason und Bevacizumab bei Strahlenoptikopathie und -retinopathie
Authors: Filev Filip S. , Mirshahi Alireza 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Strahlenretinopathie ist eine chronische, fortschreitende Erkrankung, die durch die Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung verursacht wird. Häufig ist die Ursache einer Strahlenretinopathie die Behandlung eines intra- oder periokulären Tumors.
Fallvorstellung Ein pseudophaker Patient stellte sich im August 2016 mit einer seit ca. 1 Woche bestehenden Visusverschlechterung des linken Auges in unserer Klinik vor. In der Patientengeschichte war eine Protonenbestrahlung des linken Auges vor 3 Jahren bei Aderhautmelanom bekannt. Es zeigte sich ein Makulaödem mit Exsudatbildung und Papillenödem. Wir stellten die Diagnose einer Strahlenoptiko- und -retinopathie. Es erfolgten intravitreale Injektionen mit Dexamethason (Ozurdex®) und am Folgetag mit 1,25 mg Bevacizumab. Im Abstand von jeweils 4 Wochen injizierten wir erneut 2-mal Bevacizumab. Das Makulaödem und das Papillenödem zeigten sich deutlich rückläufig. Der Patient erfuhr einen Anstieg des bestkorrigierten Visus von 0,4 auf 0,8. In den monatlichen Kontrollen zeigte sich ein stabiler Befund, sodass wir zunächst auf weitere Bevacizumab-Injektionen verzichteten. Es traten keine Komplikationen auf.
Schlussfolgerung Die Kombination aus intravitrealer Gabe von Steroiden und Anti-VEGF erwies sich in diesem Fall als effektive Behandlungsmodalität bei iatrogen induzierter Strahlenoptikopathie und -retinopathie. Weitere Studien sind zur Ermittlung des Stellenwerts der kombinierten Therapie notwendig.
Rekonstruktionstechniken der posterioren Augenlidlamelle
Authors: Kopecky Adam , Rokohl Alexander , Heindl Ludwig 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungGroße durchgreifende Liddefekte waren und sind eine der größten Herausforderungen in der ophthalmoplastischen Chirurgie. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, verschiedene Rekonstruktionstechniken der hinteren Lidlamelle darzustellen sowie die Indikationen, Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Techniken herauszuarbeiten.