bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric quantum correlations in the dynamical Casimir effect
Authors: Zhang Xue , Liu Hui , Wang Zhihai , Zheng Taiyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsidering the current available experimental studies on the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) in superconducting microwave waveguides, we study asymmetric quantum correlations in microwave radiation. The asymmetric quantum correlations are created by the presence of detuning in the DCE. We study the asymmetric quantum steering and determine the parameter regions of one- and two-way quantum steering. It shows that steering from Bob to Alice is more difficult than steering from Alice to Bob. Moreover, we find regions that represent states that, although entangled, cannot be used for teleporting coherent states; however, the steerable states are appropriate for quantum teleportation. We investigate how the teleportation fidelity functions as an indicator of the quality of EPR steering in the DCE.
Dentate granule and mossy cells exhibit distinct spatiotemporal responses to local change in a one-dimensional landscape of visual-tactile cues
Authors: Jung Dajung , Kim Soyoun , Sariev Anvar , Sharif Farnaz , Kim Daesoo , Royer Sebastien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for detecting changes in environments; however, how granule cells (GCs) and mossy cells (MCs), the two excitatory cell types of the DG, respond to small changes in the object layout is unclear. Here, we recorded GCs and MCs, identified by spike feature and optogenetic tagging, as mice ran on a treadmill belt enriched with visual-tactile cues. We observed that fixing a new cue on the belt induced a reconfiguration of GC and MC spatial representations via the emergence, extinction and rate alteration of firing fields. For both GCs and MCs, the response was maximal near the cue and spread over the entire belt. However, compared to the GC response, the MC response was stronger and more immediate, peaked at a slightly earlier belt position, and exhibited a transient component reminiscent of neuromodulatory activity. A competitive neural network model reproduced the GC response contingent on both the introduction of new object-vector inputs and the reconfiguration of MC activity, the former being critical for spreading the GC response in locations distant from the cue. These findings suggest that GCs operate as a competitive network and that MCs precede GCs in detecting changes and help expand the range of GC pattern separation.
MicroRNA-505-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in cervical cancer
Authors: Kapora Elena , Feng Shujun , Liu Wei , Sakhautdinova Indira , Gao Bo , Tan Wenhua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are considered to be tumor suppressors or oncogenes as they regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Recently, microRNA-505 (miR-505) has been reported as being involved in the progression of several human cancers. In the present study, we aim to investigate the expression rate and functional role of miR-505-5p in cervical cancer (CC) to determine its significance regarding the disease’s development.
The expression of miR-505-5p and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in specimens of patients with CC and CC cell lines was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. The relationship between miR-505-5p and CDK5 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the roles of miR-505-5p and CDK5 in CC cell functions. Western Blot was utilized to explore the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.
The result showed that in CC tissues and CC cell lines miR-505-5p was down-regulated while CDK5 level was up-regulated. MiR-505-5p was closely correlated with the metastasis-associated clinicopathological features. Overexpression of miR-505-5p inhibited cell viability, cell metastasis and EMT in CC cells. CDK5 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-505-5p and inverse relationship between them was also observed. Overexpression of CDK5 reduces the inhibitory effects of miR-505-5p in CC.
Taken together, these results determine that miR-505-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA which regulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via binding to the functional target CDK5 and demonstrates its potential for future use in the treatment of CC.
Linguistic Materials and Metrics for the Creation of Well-Controlled Swedish Speech Perception Tests
Authors: Witte Erik , Köbler Susanne 
Published: July 2019

PurposeAs factors influencing human word perception are important in the construction of speech perception tests used within the speech and hearing sciences, the purposes of this study were as follows: first, to develop algorithms that can be used to calculate different types of word metrics that influence the speed and accuracy of word perception and, second, to create a database in which those word metrics were calculated for a large set of Swedish words.MethodBased on a revision of a large Swedish phonetic dictionary, data and algorithms were developed by which various frequency metrics, word length metrics, semantic metrics, neighborhood metrics, phonotactic metrics, and orthographic transparency metrics were calculated for each word in the dictionary. Of the various word metric algorithms used, some were Swedish language reimplementations of previously published algorithms, and some were developed in this study.ResultsThe results of this study have been gathered in a Swedish word metric database called theAFC-list. The AFC-list consists of 816,404 phonetically transcribed Swedish words, all supplied with the word metric data calculated. The full AFC-list has been made publicly available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.ConclusionThe results of this study constitute an extensive linguistic resource for the process of selecting test items in new well-controlled speech perception tests in the Swedish language.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8330009
Optical validation and characterization of Planck PSZ2 sources at the Canary Islands observatories
Authors: Streblyanska A. , Aguado-Barahona A. , Ferragamo A. , Barrena R. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Tramonte D. , Genova-Santos R. T. , Lietzen H. 
Published: July 2019

Aims. The second catalogue of Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) sources, hereafter PSZ2, is the largest sample of galaxy clusters selected through their SZ signature in the full sky. At the time of publication, 21% of these objects had no known counterpart at other wavelengths. Using telescopes at the Canary Island observatories, we conducted the long-term observational programme 128-MULTIPLE-16/15B (hereafter LP15), a large and complete optical follow-up campaign of all the unidentified PSZ2 sources in the northern sky, with declinations above −15° and no correspondence in the first Planck catalogue PSZ1. The main aim of LP15 is to validate all those SZ cluster candidates, and to contribute to the characterization of the actual purity and completeness of full Planck SZ sample. In this paper, we describe the full programme and present the results of the first year of observations.
Methods. The LP15 programme was awarded 44 observing nights, spread over two years in three telescopes at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory. The full LP15 sample comprises 190 previously unidentified PSZ2 sources. For each target, we performed deep optical imaging and spectroscopy. Our validation procedure combined this optical information with SZ emission as traced by the publicly available Planck Compton y-maps. The final classification of the new galaxy clusters as optical counterparts of the SZ signal is established according to several quantitative criteria based on the redshift, velocity dispersion, and richness of the clusters.
Results. This paper presents the detailed study of 106 objects out of the LP15 sample, corresponding to all the observations carried out during the first year of the programme. We confirmed the optical counterpart for 41 new PSZ2 sources, 31 of them being validated using also velocity dispersion based on our spectroscopic information. This is the largest dataset of newly confirmed PSZ2 sources without any previous optical information. All the confirmed counterparts are rich structures (i.e. they show high velocity dispersion), and are well aligned with the nominal Planck coordinates (i.e. ∼70% of them are located at less than 3′ distance). In total, 65 SZ sources are classified as unconfirmed, 57 of them being due to the absence of an optical over-density, and eight of them due to a weak association with the observed SZ decrement. Most of the sources with no optical counterpart are located at low galactic latitudes and present strong galactic cirrus in the optical images, the dust contamination being the most probable explanation for their inclusion in the PSZ2 catalogue.
Das Curriculum der strukturierten Facharztweiterbildung an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg: ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Schoelles Kristina J. , Ludwig Franziska , Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund An der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg wird seit 2006 die Facharztweiterbildung nach einem strukturierten Curriculum durchgeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Beschreibung des Curriculums und der Resultate aus den Jahren 2006 bis 2017.
Material und Methoden Wir sichteten alle Dokumente des internen Qualitätsmanagement-Handbuchs zum Thema Facharztweiterbildung. Wir analysierten die Internetpräsenz der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg sowie die öffentliche Darstellung des Weiterbildungscurriculum und alle veröffentlichten Jahresberichte. Zudem wurden Daten von der Personalverwaltung des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Datenverarbeitung führten wir mit Microsoft Excel durch.
Ergebnisse Die „Weiterbildungskarriere“ gestaltet sich in den folgenden Schritten: 1) Strukturiertes Bewerbungsverfahren mit Bewertung durch den Ärztlichen Direktor, die Sektions- und Bereichsleiter sowie den Assistentensprecher. 2) Einarbeitung durch ärztliche Kollegen und einen Paten. 3) Rotation durch alle Bereiche der Klinik. 4a) Jährliche Mitarbeitergespräche. 4b) Festlegung des „Karrierepfades“ nach 3 Jahren. 5) Regelmäßige Teilnahme an internen/externen Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen. 6) Forschung nach 3 Monaten. 7) Möglichkeit der Praxishospitation im 5. Ausbildungsjahr. Zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie werden Erziehungszeiten und Teilzeitarbeit ermöglicht. Von 2006 bis 2017 nahm sowohl die Anzahl an ärztlichen Vorstellungsgesprächen als auch der ärztlichen Mitarbeiter zu. Alle Ärzte im Untersuchungszeitraum erreichten die Facharztreife, 48% erlangten zusätzlich den FEBO (Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology).
Schlussfolgerung An der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg existiert seit 2006 eine strukturierte Facharztweiterbildung. Diese wird sowohl im Internet als auch deutlich umfangreicher im klinikinternen Qualitätsmanagement-Handbuch dokumentiert. Die ärztlichen Mitarbeiterzahlen steigen über den Untersuchungszeitraum insgesamt an, genauso wie die Zahl der Mitarbeiter mit Facharztreife. Dies kann als Indikator für den Erfolg dieses Weiterbildungsmodells gewertet werden und sichert letztlich eine gute Krankenversorgung und Forschung.
Kataraktoperation bei Menschen im hohen Alter
Authors: Pahor Dusica , Gracner Tomaz 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Zahl sehr alter Patienten, die eine Kataraktoperation brauchen, erhöht. Jedoch gibt es einen Mangel an Informationen im Zusammenhang mit intraoperativen Komplikationen und der Sicherheit der Kataraktoperation. Eingriffe an Patienten, die 85 Jahre oder älter sind, können aus verschiedenen Gründen eine große Herausforderung darstellen: dichte nukleäre Katarakt, enge Pupille, niedrige Endothelzellzahl, lockere Zonula sowie andere okuläre oder systemische Erkrankungen. Das Ziel unserer retrospektiven Studie war es, vor allem intraoperative Komplikationen während einer Kataraktoperation bei sehr alten Patienten im Vergleich zu einer jüngeren Gruppe zu bewerten und die Pupillengröße und den Reifegrad der Katarakt bei intraoperativen Komplikationen zu vergleichen.Patienten und Methoden Es wurden medizinische Unterlagen aller 4065 Patienten retrospektiv überprüft, die in unsere Abteilung wegen einer Phakoemulsifikation mit IOL-Implantation und der Anwendung einer kornealen Kleinschnitttechnik im Zeitraum von Januar 2015 bis Januar 2018 aufgenommen wurden. Die Patienten wurden in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt, und zwar in die Gruppe mit Patienten im Alter von 85 oder älter und in die Gruppe mit Patienten unter 85 Jahren. Es wurde die Notwendigkeit einer Pupillendilatation, einer Kapselfärbung und die Häufigkeit der intraoperativen Komplikationen, wie z. B. Kapselriss, Glaskörperverlust und abgestürzte Linse zwischen den beiden Altersgruppen verglichen.Ergebnisse Von allen 4065 Kataraktoperationen wurden 10,6% (431 von 4065) bei Patienten im Alter von 85 oder älter durchgeführt, 69 Eingriffe (1,7%) wurden an Patienten ab 90 Jahren und 4 Eingriffe (0,1%) wurden an Patienten ab 95 Jahren unternommen. Zwischen der jüngeren und älteren Patientengruppe zeigten sich statistisch signifikante Unterschiede in der Pupillendilatation (4,6 vs. 6,0%), bei der Anwendung eines Kapselspannrings (0,4 vs. 0%) und bei der Kapselfärbung (5,5 vs. 7,0%). Intraoperative Komplikationen (z. B. hintere Kapselrisse) traten bei keinem unserer Patienten ab 85 Jahren oder älter und bei 0,71% bei Patienten unter 85 Jahren auf; bei keinem unserer Patienten in der älteren Gruppe und bei 0,41% der Patienten in der jüngeren Gruppe kam es zu einem Glaskörperverlust.Schlussfolgerung Unsere Studie bestätigte, dass fortgeschrittenes Alter allein keine Kontraindikation für Kataraktoperation ist und auch nicht mit einer höheren intraoperativen Komplikationsrate während des Eingriffs verbunden ist. Kataraktoperationen an sehr alten Menschen sind meist erfolgreich, jedoch sollten sie früher unternommen werden – vor allem an multimorbiden Patienten und an Demenzkranken – um zu einer besseren psychischen Verfassung beizutragen. Das Alter der Patienten, die sich einer Kataraktoperation unterziehen, spielt keine Rolle.
Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases
Authors: Martínez-Solís Isabel , Acero Nuria , Bosch-Morell Francisco , Castillo Encarna , González-Rosende María Eugenia , Muñoz-Mingarro Dolores , Ortega Teresa , Sanahuja María Amparo , Villagrasa Victoria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLike other tissues of the central nervous system, the retina is susceptible to damage by oxidative processes that result in several neurodegenerative disease such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, ischaemic retinal disease, retinal disease produced by light oxidation, and detached retina, among other diseases. The use of antioxidant substances is a solution to some health problems caused by oxidative stress, because they regulate redox homeostasis and reduce oxidative stress. This is important for neurodegeneration linked to oxidation processes. In line with this, Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant properties whose effects have been demonstrated in several degenerative processes, including retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. This review describes the current literature on the role of ginkgo in retinal diseases associated with neurodegeneration. The information leads to the conclusion that G. biloba extracts might be a good option to improve certain neurodegenerative retinal diseases, but more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of G. biloba in these retinal degenerative processes.
Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Phagnalon sordidum L.
Authors: Cherchar Hanene , Faraone Immacolata , DʼAmbola Massimiliano , Sinisgalli Chiara , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Oliva Patrizia , Kabouche Ahmed , Kabouche Zahia , Milella Luigi , Vassallo Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne new natural monoterpene, 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-p-cymene (1), and 11 known compounds were isolated through a biologically oriented approach from the aerial parts of Phagnalon sordidum L. The most active extract and fractions were selected using 3 complementary antioxidant activity assays. Results and the different methods were compared by relative antioxidant capacity index. In addition, the most active extract of P. sordidum was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to quantify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract, and purified 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (3) and nebrodenside A (7) were demonstrated by in vitro cell free model assays, and their protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in a HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was established.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds using Sulfur
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: July 2019

Sulfur is one of the few elements that occurs uncombined in nature. Sulfur atoms are found in natural amino acids and vitamins. In the chemical industry, organosulfur compounds are used for fabricating rubber, fibers, and dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Although sulfur, which is cheap and easy to handle, is a useful source of sulfur atom in functional organosulfur compounds, it is rarely used in organic synthesis. Activation of sulfur by high temperature, light irradiation, treatment with nucleophiles and electrophiles, and redox conditions often results in the formation of various active sulfur species, which complicate reactions. The development of a method that mildly activates sulfur is therefore desired. The use of transition-metal catalysts is a new method of activating sulfur under mild conditions, and, in this article, we describe the rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of various organosulfur compounds by the insertion of sulfur atoms into single bonds and by the addition of sulfur to unsaturated bond in various organic compounds.1	Introduction2	Sulfur Activation without using Transition Metal3	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation of Sulfur4	Rhodium-Catalyzed Reactions using Sulfur4.1	Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Atom Exchange Reactions using Sulfur4.2	Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides using Rhodium-Catalyzed Exchange Reaction of Aryl Fluorides and Sulfur/Organopolysulfides4.3	Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isothiocyanate using Sulfur4.4	Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Addition Reaction to Alkenes for Thiiranes Synthesis4.5	Rhodium-Catalyzed Sulfur Addition Reaction to Alkynes for 1,4-Dithiins Synthesis5	Conclusion
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children
Authors: Sharon Denise , Walters Arthur Scott , Simakajornboon Narong 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) have been studied more than any other sleep-related movement disorder in the pediatric population. A common feature to both, periodic limb movements, occurs in many other disorders and also in reportedly healthy children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the different types of limb movements as it pertains to pediatric RLS and PLMD and provides an update on these disorders.
Methods A literature search was performed with the following inclusion criteria: English publication, limb movements, leg movements, periodic limb movements of sleep, periodic limb movements during wake, PLMD, RLS, with each of the modifiers, children, pediatric, and adolescents. Identified publications were reviewed and their reference lists were searched for additional relevant publications.
Results A total of 102 references were included in this review. These included epidemiological studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series, observational data, reviews, and consensus guidelines. A critical summary of these findings is presented.
Conclusion The limited evidence-based data support the importance of evaluating limb movements in the context of the clinical symptomatology presented by the child or the adolescent. Further research is needed to (1) better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in periodic limb movements as encountered in the pediatric PLMD or RLS patient and their impact on the overall health and well-being, (2) develop objective diagnostic criteria for RLS and differentiate it from its “mimics” in the pediatric population, and (3) establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.
Treatment Strategies in Crohn's-Associated Rectovaginal Fistula
Authors: DeLeon Michelle F. , Hull Tracy L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRectovaginal fistula (RVF) is a rare, but dreaded complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that is exceedingly difficult to manage. Treatment algorithms range from observation and medical therapy to local surgical repair and proctectomy. The multitude of surgical options and lack of consensus between experts speak to the complexity and shortcomings encountered to correct this disease process surgically. The key to successful management of these fistulae therefore rests on a multidisciplinary approach between the patient, gastroenterologists, and surgeons, with open communication about expectations and goals of care. In this article, we review the management of CD-associated RVF with an emphasis on surgical technique.
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Complex Crohn's Disease
Authors: Sapci Ipek , Gorgun Emre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive approaches are safe, feasible, and often recommended as the initial choice in the surgical management of Crohn's disease. However, a consensus has not been reached as the ideal approach in the surgical treatment of complex and recurrent Crohn's disease. Laparoscopy may provide advantages such as shorter length of stay and decreased postoperative pain and result in less adhesion formation in patients with complex disease. Robotic techniques may be beneficial in selected patients for completion proctectomy, providing better visualization in the narrow pelvis and increased dexterity. Decision of surgical technique should be made on a case-by-case basis.
Hepatitis B Virus–Hepatocyte Interactions and Innate Immune Responses: Experimental Models and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Thomas Emmanuel , Baumert Thomas F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver disease and cancer worldwide. While current therapeutic approaches can efficiently control viral infection, efficient curative antivirals are absent. The understanding of virus–hepatocyte interactions and sensing of viral infection is an important prerequisite for the development of novel antiviral therapies for cure. Hepatocyte intrinsic innate immunity provides a rapid first line of defense to combat viral infection through the upregulation of antiviral and inflammatory genes. However, the functional relevance of many of these antiviral signaling pathways in the liver and their role in HBV pathogenesis is still only partially understood. The recent identification of intracellular RNA and DNA sensing pathways and their involvement in disease biology, including viral pathogenesis and carcinogenesis, is currently transforming our understanding of virus–host interactions. Here the authors review the current knowledge on intrinsic antiviral innate immune responses including the role of viral nucleic acid sensing pathways in the liver. Since HBV has been designated as a “stealth virus,” the study of the impact of HBV on signaling pathways in the hepatocyte is of significant interest to understand viral pathogenesis. Characterizing the mechanism underlying these HBV–host interactions and targeting related pathways to enhance antiviral innate responses may open new strategies to trigger noncytopathic clearance of covalently closed circular DNA to ultimately cure patients with chronic HBV infection.