bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal for a New Quantum Theory of Gravity
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We recall a classical theory of torsion gravity with an asymmetric metric, sourced by a Nambu–Goto + Kalb–Ramond string [R. T. Hammond, Rep. Prog. Phys. 65, 599 (2002)]. We explain why this is a significant gravitational theory and in what sense classical general relativity is an approximation to it. We propose that a noncommutative generalisation of this theory (in the sense of Connes’ noncommutative geometry and Adler’s trace dynamics) is a “quantum theory of gravity.” The theory is in fact a classical matrix dynamics with only two fundamental constants – the square of the Planck length and the speed of light, along with the two string tensions as parameters. The guiding symmetry principle is that the theory should be covariant under general coordinate transformations of noncommuting coordinates. The action for this noncommutative torsion gravity can be elegantly expressed as an invariant area integral and represents an atom of space–time–matter. The statistical thermodynamics of a large number of such atoms yields the laws of quantum gravity and quantum field theory, at thermodynamic equilibrium. Spontaneous localisation caused by large fluctuations away from equilibrium is responsible for the emergence of classical space–time and the field equations of classical general relativity. The resolution of the quantum measurement problem by spontaneous collapse is an inevitable consequence of this process. Quantum theory and general relativity are both seen as emergent phenomena, resulting from coarse graining of the underlying noncommutative geometry. We explain the profound role played by entanglement in this theory: entanglement describes interaction between the atoms of space–time–matter, and indeed entanglement appears to be more fundamental than quantum theory or space–time. We also comment on possible implications for black hole entropy and evaporation and for cosmology. We list the intermediate mathematical analysis that remains to be done to complete this programme.
Synthesis and investigation of 3,5-bis-linear and macrocyclic tripeptidopyridine candidates by using l-valine, N,N′-(3,5-pyridinediyldicarbonyl)bis-dimethyl ester as synthon
Authors: Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Naglah Ahmed M. , Sabry Nermien M. , Ibrahim Alhussein A. , Elsayed Elsayed A. , Attar Abeer 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Interest in the synthesis of heterocyclic organic molecules with peptide moieties has gained attention due to their potential biological activities. The current work aimed at synthesizing new macrocyclic tripeptide imides and evaluating their possible antimicrobial activities. A series of 11 derivatives were prepared from dimethyl 3,5-pyridinevalinyl ester either by NaOH or NH2NH2 treatment, followed by cyclization and further reaction with NaOH or NH2NH2. The majority of synthesized derivatives showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities in comparison to standard known antibiotics. Compounds 5a and 7b showed the most potential antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activities against Candida albicans, respectively.
Ferromagnetic interactions in a dicyanamide-bridged multinuclear metal-organic framework [Pr3NH]+ [Mn(dca)3]−·H2O
Authors: Huang Yuan , Yu Xiu-feng , Rong Zhen , Ai Yi-chun , Qian Kun , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A new complex [Pr3NH]+ [Mn(dca)3]− · H2O (dicyanamide = dca−) was synthesized, in which the Mn2+ cations are bridged by end-to-end dca anions to form three-dimensional [Mn(dca)3]
n
n

− networks and tripropylammonium cations reside in the cavities of these networks. The complex has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and magnetic measurements. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate ferromagnetic interactions among the MnII ions.
A heterometallic Cd/Ag/Se complex incorporating 3-ferrocenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolato (fcpp) ligands: synthesis and structure of [Cd2{Ag(SePh)}2(μ3-OH2)2(μ2,η3-fcpp)4]·2C3H6O
Authors: Qian Zhe , Jia Ai-Quan , Hu Feng , Zhang Cai-Xia , Zhang Qian-Feng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A self-assembly reaction of Cd(NO3)2 · 4H2O, 3-ferrocenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazole (Hfcpp), [Ag(SePh)]
n
, and Et3N in a mixed acetone-water solvent resulted in the formation of a heterometallic complex [Cd2{Ag(SePh)}2 (μ
3-OH2)2(μ
2,η
3-fcpp)4] · 2C3H6O (1) with a phenylselenolate ligand. The two cadmium and two silver centers are linked by four [μ
2,η
3-fcpp]− ligands and two μ
3-OH2 water molecules. Each Cd atom is in a slightly distorted octahedral coordination environment, while each Ag atom shows a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry, which is composed of two pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms, one selenium atom, and one oxygen atom.
Infrared Thermal Imaging for Intelligent Leakage Detection in Underground Integrated Pipe Corridors
Authors: Pan Ning , Jiang Shengchuan , Du Yuchuan , Hu Zhipeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Water leakage is a major problem in underground integrated corridors. Research on damage detection in pipelines using automatic techniques has yielded considerably high detection accuracy. Many proposals in this domain show the presence of leakage only when a certain degree of damage occurs. However, in practical scenarios, the corridor managers of a governing body need to take effective action as soon as a leak is detected. This study makes three contributions to relevant research. First, a state-of-the-art intelligent leakage detection method is proposed for underground integrated corridors using infrared thermal imaging. Considering the difference in terms of specific heat capacity between water and the material of the pipe, when slightly heated, cracks in the loose water-pipe interface can be identified in two-dimensional infrared images. The crack-causing leakage can be extracted via the temperature difference between the leak and the ambient field through image processing based on the grayscale threshold segmentation technique and fractal feature theory. Finally, experiments show that the proposed method can achieve an accuracy of up to 90 %, and compensates well for deficiencies in the traditional method. It can implement intelligent leakage detection in underground integrated corridors at low cost with high efficiency.
Design of Multiple Dependent State Repetitive Group Sampling Plans Based on Exponentiated Exponential Distribution
Authors: Loganathan A. , Gunasekaran M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article attempts to design a multiple dependent state repetitive group sampling plan under a hybrid censoring scheme by assuming that the lifetime of the product follows an exponentiated exponential distribution. Exponentiated exponential distribution, an alternative to Weibull and gamma distributions, has found applications in reliability and life testing. Also, an attempt is made to study the efficiency of this plan in comparison with a single sampling plan. The efficiencies of these two kinds of sampling plans are analyzed with respect to sample size and sampling risks. Plan parameters are obtained using binomial probabilities protecting the interests of both producers as well as consumers. The selection of a sampling plan for given requirements is illustrated with a numerical example.
Residual Stresses, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of EB-Welded 90-mm-Thick UNS S41500 Martensitic Stainless Steel after PWHT
Authors: Sarafan Sheida , Wanjara Priti , Lévesque Jean-Benoît , Gholipour Javad , Champliaud Henri , Mathieu Louis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
UNS S41500 is a grade of 13Cr-4Ni martensitic stainless steel utilized in hydroelectric turbine products. In this study, the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and through-thickness residual stresses of electron-beam (EB) welded butt joints in 90-mm-thick UNS S41500, assembled using a single pass autogenous process, were evaluated after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The results of the longitudinal residual stresses, measured using the contour method, indicated that the applied PWHT was effective in stress relieving and reducing the hardness of the weldment through tempering of the “fresh” martensite present in the microstructure after EB welding. The static tensile properties that were evaluated in the directions transverse and longitudinal to the weld seam demonstrated high performance of the joints with conformance to the requirements of not only ASME Section IX, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code–Section IX: Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing Operators, but also ASTM A240, Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications, for unwelded UNS S41500. The Charpy impact energies indicated that the toughness of the welds greatly surpassed the minimum acceptance criteria specified in ASME Section VIII, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code–Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels. Also, bend testing of transverse weld cross sections displayed no discontinuities on the tension side of the bent joints. These results provide the essential data for validating a manufacturing process for assembly of high-performance joints in an important hydroelectric turbine material.
Schubert’s “Ständchen” in the Voice of the Cinematic Amateur
Authors: Ronyak Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

Scholars who have analyzed performances of Schubert’s Lieder have generally focused on the voices of masterful professionals, whether looking at performances before or during the age of sound recordings. This tendency overlooks one historically important group of performers: the amateurs who made up the broad marketplace for the genre during Schubert’s lifetime and throughout the nineteenth century. Studying this group of performers with any level of aesthetic particularity is, however, difficult: documentary evidence of particular singers in this group in the nineteenth century and even the early twentieth is scarce. Yet as the real-life practice of the amateur singing of Schubert’s Lieder in the home gradually dwindled after the nineteenth century, fictional representations of this nineteenth-century practice began to appear in period sound films across the twentieth. While not a substitute for documentary evidence of real practices, this film phenomenon meaningfully engages with nineteenth-century cultural history, literary sources, and musical practices through presentist conventions and concerns. Such films thus offer a vehicle through which to think about continuity and change in the relationship between Schubert’s song and the figure of the amateur in the nineteenth century, the twentieth century, and today.
This article analyzes three period film scenes involving nineteenth-century “amateur” performances of Schubert’s “Ständchen” (Schwanengesang, D. 957, no. 4). It does so in order to think about the combined aesthetic and social ramifications of the figure of the amateur in relationship to Schubert’s Lieder. I look at scenes in the following three films: the operetta-influenced Schubert picture Leise flehen meine Lieder (1933), in which operetta star Mártha Eggerth sings as the Countess Esterházy, the classic novel adaptation Jane Eyre (1934), in which Virginia Bruce sings as the titular character, and a newly written piece of “governess fiction,” The Governess (1998), in which Minnie Driver performs the song as said governess. None of these scenes offers unmed­iated or simple access to amateurism. Instead, in each scene, a professional, twentieth-­century celebrity woman movie star both sings and otherwise portrays the nineteenth-century amateur musician and character onscreen. Keeping this tension in mind, I explore how this contradiction and other elements in each scene would have and can still provide audiences opportunities to think about the relationship between amateurism and Schubert’s most popular songs. In so doing, I explore the term “amateur” in a number of overlapping senses that embrace positive and, to a lesser extent, pejorative meanings. My analysis ultimately shows how these three diverse film stagings valorize the figure and, indeed, the voice of the amateur in relationship to Schubert’s music. These conclusions have implications regarding Schubert’s songs and successful modes of performance that might attend them.
Quantitative Genetic Mapping and Genome Assembly in the Lesser Wax Moth Achroia grisella
Authors: Koseva Boryana S , Hackett Jennifer L , Zhou Yihong , Harris Bethany R , Kelly John K , Greenfield Michael D , Gleason Jennifer M , Macdonald Stuart J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Specific characteristics of the male Achroia grisella acoustic mating signal determine a male’s attractiveness toward females. These features are genetically variable in populations, and mapping experiments have been used to identify loci contributing to song variation, and understand the evolutionary forces acting on this important sexual trait. Here we built on this foundation and carried out QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping using &gt;1,000 recombinant individuals, genotyping this large cohort at thousands of sequence-based markers covering the entire collection of 30 A. grisella chromosomes. This dense marker set, coupled with our development of an annotated, draft genome of A. grisella, allowed us to link &gt;3,000 genome scaffolds, &gt;10,000 predicted genes, and close to 275Mb of genome sequence to chromosomes. Our QTL mapping confirmed a fraction of the QTL identified in a previous study, and additionally revealed novel loci. Collectively, QTL explained only small fractions of the phenotypic variance, suggesting many more causative factors remain below the detection threshold of our study. A surprising, and ultimately challenging feature of our study was the low level of intrachromosomal recombination present in our mapping population. This led to difficulty ordering markers along linkage groups, necessitating a chromosome-by-chromosome mapping approach, rather than true interval mapping, and precluded confident ordering/orienting of scaffolds along each chromosome. Nonetheless, our study increased the genomic resources available for the A. grisella system. Enabled by ever more powerful technologies, future investigators will be able to leverage our data to provide more detailed genetic dissection of male song variation in A. grisella.
Особенности звуковой среды Арбатского района г. Москвы
Authors: Чубукова Маргарита Андреевна 
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a variety of approaches to soundscape analysis. Also it aims to introduce a methodology of acoustic environment description. The soundscape of a central Moscow district was investigated and characterised by seven binary oppositions:

Character of a sound presence (dominant / secondary);
Character of a sound (linguistic / non-linguistic);
Source of a sound (technical / natural);
“Dynamics” of a sound (dynamic / static);
“Subjectness” of a sound (anthropogenic / non-anthropogenic)
Role of a sound in a city scenography (event / background);
“Friendliness” of a sound (friendly / unfriendly).

This evaluation identifi ed main sonic peculiarities and opened new research perspectives.
Porcine Model of Donation after Cardiac Death (DCD) and Evaluation of Pulmonary Function Using Ex-vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP)
Authors: Dhane Malek 
Published: May 2019

Objective
The limiting factor when using lungs from donors after cardiac death (DCD) is the duration of warm ischemic time, which is linked to reperfusion edema. Within the context of lung shortages, and in order to avoid transplanting damaged lungs, ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has emerged as an innovative tool to preserve and recondition donor lungs. Using the EVLP technique in a porcine model, the purpose of this study is to determine the duration of warm ischemia that donor lungs can tolerate before they are viewed as non-viable for transplant.
Methods
This study is comprised of 5 groups (n=2-6/group). Four groups endured different warm ischemic times, whilst the fifth group underwent cold ischemia. The lungs were subsequently perfused outside the body using the EVLP platform for four hours.
Results
120 minutes of warm ischemia is more damaging for lungs than 120 minutes of cold ischemia, even after being reconditioned on the EVLP platform (50,4 ± 8,9% vs. 3,3 ± 3,4% of weight gain). This would signify that two hours of warm ischemia is incompatible with transplantation. However, 90 minutes and 60 minutes of warm ischemia seems to have less of an effect on pulmonary functions. Indeed, the lungs of both these groups had less than 14% of weight gain and maintained oxygenating capacities (PaO2/FiO2 of 514 ± 12 and 586 ± 0 mmHg respectively.)
Conclusion
Lungs having been submitted to less than 90 minutes of warm ischemia and evaluated with EVLP may be suitable candidates for transplantation.
Spiritual distress among novice nurses during role transition at a university teaching hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Lalani Nasreen 
Published: May 2019

Background & Aim: Novice nurses often find it difficult to adjust in the workplace especially during the role transition phase and may find spiritual distress if they find their work meaningless and dissatisfying. The following paper aims to elaborate on the unique aspect of spiritual distress among novice nurses’ during their role transition phase and its impact on nurses’ retention, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction.
Materials & Methods: Grounded theory approach was taken. A purposive sample of novice nurses who had graduated within the last six months were selected as participants. Individual in-depth interviews were taken. Data was analyzed using constant comparative analysis approach. Data was transcribed, translated, and various categories were formulated. Ethics was obtained from the University Research Ethics Board.
Results: Most novice nurses were facing spiritual distress during their role transition phase. Spiritual distress was affecting their productivity, satisfaction and quality of work in the hospital.
Conclusion: This study informs existential motives to be incorporated in occupational health policies within a hospital setting to smoothen role transition as well as to improve quality care and job satisfaction among novice nurses.
Review: Metoda Adsorpsi pada Penyerapan Ion Logam dan Zat Warna dalam Limbah Cair
Authors: Hevira Linda , Zein Rahmiana , Ramadhani Putri 
Published: May 2019

Pertumbuhan industri dan kebutuhan penduduk telah menyumbang limbah yang masuk ke lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah limbah yang mencemari perairan yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Sejumlah studi telah dilakukan untuk menghilangkan ion logam dan zat warna dari perairan. Metoda adsorpsi merupakan suatu metoda yang paling banyak digunakan dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang masih melimpah, atau menggunakan limbah pertanian, peternakan dan perikanan yang sering terbuang bahkan melakukan aktivasi atau modifikasi untuk memperbanyak porositas dan mempeluas bidang permukaan bahan penyerap. Dalam review ini dirangkum metoda adsorpsi dan hasil yang didapatkan peneliti dengan berbagai bahan penyerap yang sebagian besar dilakukan dalam lima tahun terakhir. Ulasan ini penting untuk memberikan masukan dalam mencari alternatif bahan penyerap lain atau menghilangkan bahan pencemar berbahaya lainnya yang merusak lingkungan dan kehidupan manusia.
Senyawa Steroid dari Kulit Batang Chisocheton macrophyllus
Authors: Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Harneti Desi , Maharani Rani , Mayanti Tri , Darwati Darwati , Supratman Unang 
Published: May 2019

Salah satu tumbuhan famili Meliaceae yang tumbuh di hutan tropik Indonesia adalah Chisocheton. Tumbuhan ini merupakan genus terbesar kedua setelah Aglaia, dengan 50 spesies yang terdistribusi di daerah tropis dan subtropik seperti India, Thailand, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Genus Chisochetondilaporkan mempunyai senyawa-senyawa dengan kerangka limonoid dengan modifikasi cincin yang beragam, triterpenoid, steroid, dan fenil propanoid yang beraktivitas antimalaria, antimikroba, sitotoksik, antitumor dan anti-inflamasi. Tumbuhan Chisochetontelah dilaporkan mengandung senyawa triterpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas antitumor. Dalam penelitian berkelanjutan kami untuk mencari metabolit sekunderdari tumbuhan ChisochetonIndonesia, telah ditemukan dua senyawa steroid yaitu 7β-metoksi-3β-sitosterol (1), stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (2). Duasenyawa steroid ini diisolasi dari kulit batang C. macrophyllusdengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi dan dimurnikan dengan berbagai metode kromatografi. Struktur kimia kedua senyawa ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan perbandingan data spektra yang diperoleh sebelumnya. Kata Kunci: Meliaceae, Chisocheton macrophyllus, Steroid,7β-metoksi-3β-sitosterol, stigmast-5-en-3β-ol.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of inbred lines and contrasting hybrids reveals overdominance mediate early biomass vigor in hybrid cotton
Authors: Shahzad Kashif , Zhang Xuexian , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Tang Huini , Zhang Meng , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Hailin , Qiao Xiuqin , Feng Juanjuan , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Heterosis breeding is the most useful method for yield increment around the globe. Heterosis is an intriguing process to develop superior offspring to either parent in the desired character. The biomass vigor produced during seedling emergence stage has a direct influence on yield heterosis in plants. Unfortunately, the genetic basis of early biomass vigor in hybrid cotton is poorly understood.
Results: Three stable performing F1 hybrids varying in yield heterosis named as high, medium and low hybrids with their inbred parents were used in this study. Phenotypically, these hybrids established noticeable biomass heterosis during the early stage of seedling growth in the field. Transcriptome analysis of root and leaf revealed that hybrids showed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to their parents, while the comparison of inbred parents showed limited number of DEGs indicating similarity in their genetic constitution. Further analysis indicated that expression patterns of most DEGs were overdominant in both tissues of hybrids. According to GO results, functions of overdominance genes in leaf were enriched for chloroplast, membrane, and protein binding, whereas functions of overdominance genes in root were enriched for plasma membrane, extracellular region, and responses to stress. We found that several genes of circadian rhythm pathway related to LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) showed downregulated overdominant expressions in both tissues of hybrids. In addition to circadian rhythm, several leaf genes related to Aux/IAA regulation and many root genes involved in peroxidase activity also showed overdominant expressions in hybrids. Twelve genes involved in circadian rhythm plant were selected to perform qRT-PCR analysis to confirm the accuracy of RNA-seq results.
Conclusions: Through genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis, we strongly predict that overdominance at gene expression level plays a pivotal role in early biomass vigor of hybrids. The combinational contribution of circadian rhythm and other metabolic processes may be controlled vigorous growth in hybrids. Our result provides an important foundation for dissecting molecular mechanisms of biomass vigor in hybrid cotton.