bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Imprint of Optical Functionalities on Free‐Form Chalcogenide Glasses
Authors: Ostrovsky Natali , Yehuda Dor , Tzadka Sivan , Kassis Evyatar , Joseph Shay , Schvartzman Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScalable surface patterning of chalcogenide glasses is the crux for many optical applications of these promising optical materials. Here, a novel, resist‐free surface patterning of chalcogenide glasses with 3D relief microstructures is introduced, using direct radiation‐assisted thermal imprint. The imprint is based on a nanocomposite mold made of a carbon nanotube matrix and polydimethylsiloxane resin. To allow nanoimprint, the mold and glass substrate are confined between two elastic membranes, pneumatically pressed against each other, and controllably radiated by an infrared bulb. Since chalcogenide glass is transparent to infrared radiation, the radiation is mostly absorbed in the mold due to the embedded carbon nanotubes, so that the glass–mold interface is heated to the imprint temperature. By using this approach, the first of its type direct imprint of chalcogenide glass of any arbitrary form is demonstrated, including flat substrates and convex aspheric lenses. The composition and structure of imprinted chalcogenide glass are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that they are well maintained throughout the imprint. It is optically characterized both in transmission and reflection modes. It is believed that the innovation provides a quantum leap in the micro‐ and nano‐scale processing of chalcogenide glasses, and opens the pathway to their numerous applications.
All‐Dielectric Silicon Metasurface with Strong Subterahertz Toroidal Dipole Resonance
Authors: Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Ferraro Antonio , Algorri José Francisco , Martín‐Mateos Pedro , García‐Cámara Braulio , Moreno‐Oyervides Aldo , Krozer Viktor , Acedo Pablo , Vergaz Ricardo , Sánchez‐Pena José Manuel , Beccherelli Romeo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA single‐layer, all‐dielectric metasurface exhibiting a strong toroidal resonance in the low‐atmospheric loss radio window of the subterahertz W‐band is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The metasurface is fabricated on a high‐resistivity floating‐zone silicon wafer by means of a single‐process, wet anisotropic etching technique. The properties of the toroidal mode of both the constituent dielectric elements and the metasurface are rigorously investigated by means of the multipole decomposition technique and full‐wave simulations. The experimental demonstration of such a compact, all‐silicon metasurface opens new venues of research in the investigation of toroidal modes and the engineering of functional millimeter‐wave components, which can be scaled to terahertz and higher frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum.
SSBP1 mutations in dominant optic atrophy with variable retinal degeneration
Authors: Jurkute Neringa , Leu Costin , Pogoda Hans‐Martin , Arno Gavin , Robson Anthony G. , Nürnberg Gudrun , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Motameny Susanne , Toliat Mohammad Reza , Powell Kate , Höhne Wolfgang , Michaelides Michel , Webster Andrew R. , Moore Anthony T. , Hammerschmidt Matthias , Nürnberg Peter , Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Votruba Marcela 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveAutosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) starts in early childhood with loss of visual acuity and color vision deficits. OPA1 mutations are responsible for the majority of cases, but in a portion of patients with a clinical diagnosis of ADOA, the cause remains unknown. This study aimed to identify novel ADOA‐associated genes and explore their causality.MethodsLinkage analysis and sequencing were performed in multigeneration families and unrelated patients to identify disease‐causing variants. Functional consequences were investigated in silico and confirmed experimentally using the zebrafish model.ResultsWe defined a new ADOA locus on 7q33‐q35 and identified 3 different missense variants in SSBP1 (NM_001256510.1; c.113G>A [p.(Arg38Gln)], c.320G>A [p.(Arg107Gln)] and c.422G>A [p.(Ser141Asn)]) in affected individuals from 2 families and 2 singletons with ADOA and variable retinal degeneration. The mutated arginine residues are part of a basic patch that is essential for single‐strand DNA binding. The loss of a positive charge at these positions is very likely to lower the affinity of SSBP1 for single‐strand DNA. Antisense‐mediated knockdown of endogenous ssbp1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in zebrafish resulted in compromised differentiation of retinal ganglion cells. A similar effect was achieved when mutated mRNAs were administered. These findings point toward an essential role of ssbp1 in retinal development and the dominant‐negative nature of the identified human variants, which is consistent with the segregation pattern observed in 2 multigeneration families studied.InterpretationSSBP1 is an essential protein for mitochondrial DNA replication and maintenance. Our data have established pathogenic variants in SSBP1 as a cause of ADOA and variable retinal degeneration. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:368–383
Selective Excitation of Band Extrema in Valley Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yuan Jia‐Jun , He Xin‐Tao , Zhao Fu‐Li , Dong Jian‐Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible control of building blocks of photonic crystals enables achieving desirable band structures. Exploration of photonic band extrema has brought many fantastic features to design artificial optical materials, such as Brillouin‐zone‐corner extrema for valley photonic materials and zone‐center extremum for zero‐index metamaterials. However, two such kinds of extrema are always found independently in different photonic crystals. In this work, a kind of valley photonic crystals possessing both zone‐center and zone‐corner band extrema almost at the same frequency is proposed. Inspired by antennas theory, a three‐antenna array (TAA) source is devoted to individually manipulate each extremum. The correlation coefficient is given to determine the coupling efficiency between the TAA source and extrema eigenmodes. By using a source with a high correlation coefficient, these extrema bulk states are selectively excited consistent with their eigenfields. Furthermore, three control cases are shown that multiple extrema points are simultaneously excited, in order to confirm the validity of the correlation coefficient. Finally, a potential application of a beam‐steering device is proposed through selective excitation of ternary extrema. This work develops binary valley states into ternary mix states, rendering more degrees of freedom for on‐chip optical information transport, particularly for beam steering and mode division multiplexing.
Phase‐Dependent Quantum Correlation in a Cavity‐Atom System
Authors: Guo Miaodi , Li Hongmei , Zhang Rui , Su Xuemei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA scheme to manipulate quantum correlation between output lights of a cavity‐atom system by phase control is proposed. A driving‐field phase is introduced which has a similar value with that of building up quantum correlation in a Hanbury–Brown–Twiss setup. A closed‐loop phase is formed to improve quantum coherence by phase‐dependent electromagnetically induced transparency. The closed‐loop phase has been utilized to realize quantum correlation and even quantum entanglement in the atomic system of previous work. With these two phases, a steady and maximum quantum correlation has been obtained in the scheme here. Moreover, the maximum quantum correlation is free to decoherence of this cavity‐atom system. The study on field‐intensity correlation (quantum correlation) has potential applications on correlated imaging, image encryption transmission, and the improvement of noise resistance in a quantum network.
Umformung von Metallnanopartikeln unter Reaktionsbedingungen
Authors: Zhu Beien , Meng Jun , Yuan Wentao , Zhang Xun , Yang Hangsheng , Wang Yong , Gao Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie Form metallischer Nanopartikel (NPs) ist einer der Schlüsselfaktoren für die katalytische Reaktivität. Die jüngsten In‐situ‐TEM‐Beobachtungen zeigen, dass eine dynamische Umformung von Metall‐NPs unter Reaktionsbedingungen erfolgt, was zu einem Haupthindernis für das umfassende Verständnis des katalytischen Mechanismus auf molekularer Ebene wird. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über die neuesten Fortschritte bei der Charakterisierung und Modellierung der Gleichgewichtsform von Metall‐NPs in verschiedenen reaktiven Umgebungen mithilfe einer Kombination hochmoderner Experimente in Form von In‐situ‐Umgebungs‐Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und eines neu entwickelten Multiskalen‐Strukturrekonstruktions‐Modells. Die erzielte quantitative Übereinstimmung zwischen den experimentellen Beobachtungen und der theoretischen Modellierung zeigt, dass der grundlegende Mechanismus für das Umformungsphänomen durch anisotrop veränderte Oberflächenenergien unter Gasadsorption angetrieben wird. Die voraussagbare Umformung von Metall‐NPs ebnet den Weg für das rationale Design von wirklich effizienten Nanokatalysatoren in realen Reaktionen.
Effects of substituents on water vapor sorption in liquid–water‐soluble polysaccharides
Authors: Shimanuki Niina , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the influence of the difference in the chemical structures of hyaluronic acid (HA), sodium hyaluronate (Na‐HA), and starch water‐soluble polysaccharides and the difference in sample shape (as‐received samples and membranes) on water vapor solubility. The sorption at this time was characterized by a Fickian diffusion increase at one stage, but HA and starch had a non‐Fickian diffusion increase at the two stages in the high humidity region of 52% or more. In addition, all sorption isotherms of HA, Na‐HA, and starch did not depend on the sample shape and had an extended dual‐mode sorption type behavior consisting of Flory–Huggins and dual‐mode sorption types. Furthermore, the infinite dilution solubility coefficient for water molecules increased with increasing surface free energy and correlates with the surface free energy obtained from the contact angle of water of HA, Na‐HA, and starch membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48223.
UV‐activated hydrosilylation of (Me‐Cp)Pt(Me)3: Enhanced photocatalytic activity, polymerization kinetics, and photolithography
Authors: Xi Lu , Liu Zhu , Su Jiahui , Bei Yiling , Xiang Hongping , Liu Xiaoxuan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHydrosilylation is commonly known as a thermally induced addition reaction between unsaturated bonds and SiH bonds to synthesize or crosslink organosilanes and organosilicones, while it has emerged that it can also be activated under the coaction of UV irradiation and specific platinum catalyst. For higher photopolymerization conversion, excessive platinum catalyst is always required; however, this inevitably causes the significant increase of production cost and decrease of operation time. In this study, traces of trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) platinum (IV) (Me‐Cp)Pt(Me)3 catalysts is combined with different photosensitizers (PSs) to efficiently promote the UV‐activated hydrosilylation. Naphthalene is found to be the most applicable PS, because it improves the photopolymerization conversion from about 70 to 100% for the crosslinking of silicone rubbers. This UV‐activated hydrosilylation is more likely to follow the first‐order reaction kinetics, and its activation energy is 30.9 kJ mol−1. The mechanical properties and thermostability of UV‐crosslinked silicone rubbers are also enhanced with the incorporation of naphthalene. Moreover, this UV‐activated hydrosilylation of silicone rubbers reveals a potential role to prepare complicated geometry shapes by photolithography. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48251.
A flexible design for advanced Phase I/II clinical trials with continuous efficacy endpoints
Authors: Mozgunov Pavel , Jaki Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is growing interest in integrated Phase I/II oncology clinical trials involving molecularly targeted agents (MTA). One of the main challenges of these trials are nontrivial dose–efficacy relationships and administration of MTAs in combination with other agents. While some designs were recently proposed for such Phase I/II trials, the majority of them consider the case of binary toxicity and efficacy endpoints only. At the same time, a continuous efficacy endpoint can carry more information about the agent's mechanism of action, but corresponding designs have received very limited attention in the literature. In this work, an extension of a recently developed information‐theoretic design for the case of a continuous efficacy endpoint is proposed. The design transforms the continuous outcome using the logistic transformation and uses an information–theoretic argument to govern selection during the trial. The performance of the design is investigated in settings of single‐agent and dual‐agent trials. It is found that the novel design leads to substantial improvements in operating characteristics compared to a model‐based alternative under scenarios with nonmonotonic dose/combination–efficacy relationships. The robustness of the design to missing/delayed efficacy responses and to the correlation in toxicity and efficacy endpoints is also investigated.
Cu‐doped quantum dots: a new class of near‐infrared emitting fluorophores for bioanalysis and bioimaging
Authors: Li Chenghui , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransition metal ion‐doped quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique optical and photophysical properties that offer significant advantages over undoped QDs, such as larger Stokes shift to avoid self‐absorption/energy transfer, longer excited‐state lifetimes, wider spectral window, and improved chemical and thermal stability. Among the doped QDs emitters, Cu is widely introduced into the doped QDs as novel, efficient, stable, and tunable optical materials that span a wide spectrum from blue to near‐infrared (NIR) light. Their unique physical and chemical characteristics enable the use of Cu‐doped QDs as NIR labels for bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we discuss doping mechanisms and optical properties of Cu‐doped QDs that are capable of NIR emission. Applications of Cu‐doped QDs in in vitro biosensing and in in vivo bioimaging are highlighted. Moreover, a prospect of the future of Cu‐doped QDs for bioanalysis and bioimaging are also summarized.
Risk factors associated with suicide among kidney cancer patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis
Authors: Guo Chenyu , Zheng Wenwen , Zhu Weiwei , Yu Shengqiang , Ding Yuexia , Wu Qingna , Tang Qiling , Lu Congxiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe suicide risk was higher in kidney cancer patients than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to characterize the suicide rates among kidney cancer patients and to identify the potential risk factors associated with suicide from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsKidney cancer patients were identified from the SEER database during 1973‐2015. Suicide rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of this population were calculated, and the US general population during 1981‐2015 was chosen as a reference. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression were performed to find out potential risk factors of suicide.ResultsThere were 207 suicides identified among 171 819 individuals with kidney cancer observed for 948 272 person‐years. The suicide rate was 21.83 per 100 000 person‐years, and SMR was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.59‐2.10). On Cox regression, diagnosis in early years (1973‐1982 vs 2003‐2015, HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01‐4.11, P = 0.048; 1983‐1992 vs 2003‐2015, HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.18‐3.35, P = 0.010), male sex (vs female sex, HR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.95‐6.65, P < 0.001), unmarried status (vs married status, HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.91‐3.38, P < 0.001), non‐black race (white race vs black race, HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 2.09‐9.58, P < 0.001; other races vs black race, HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.08‐8.37, P = 0.035), higher histologic grade (grade IV vs grade I, HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.50‐7.13, P = 0.003; grade III vs grade I, HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.19‐3.81, P = 0.011) and cancer‐directed surgery not performed (vs performed, HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.52‐5.11, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors of suicide among kidney cancer patients.ConclusionsDiagnosis in early years, male sex, unmarried status, non‐black race, higher histologic grade, and cancer‐directed surgery not performed were significantly associated with suicide among kidney cancer patients. In order to prevent suicidal death, clinicians should pay more attention to patients with high‐risk factors of suicide.
Esterified Derivatives of Panaxadiol and Their Inhibitory Effect on HL‐60, THP‐1, and PC‐3 Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Ding Meng , Lin Zhe , He Cuiwei , Zhao Yuqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPanaxadiol is a dammarane‐type ginsenoside having high ginseng content. The 3‐hydroxy group of panaxadiol (PD) was modified by fatty acids and diacids. The modified panax glycol had enhanced anticancer activity. Twelve PD derivatives were evaluated and purified by chemical synthesis, column chromatography, co‐synthesis, and identification. The human leukemia cells THP‐1, HL‐60, and human prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 were evaluated; PD derivatives were tested and evaluated in vitro by MTT assay. The results showed that the antitumor activities of some derivatives on three tumor cell lines were better than those of PD.
Cyclic Cell‐Penetrating Peptides with Single Hydrophobic Groups
Authors: Song Jian , Qian Ziqing , Sahni Ashweta , Chen Kuangyu , Pei Dehua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new family of cyclic cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) has been discovered; they differ from previously reported cyclic CPPs by containing only a single hydrophobic residue. The optimal CPP structure consists of four arginine residues and a hydrophobic residue with a long alkyl chain (e.g., a decyl group) in a cyclohexapeptide ring. The most active member of this family, CPP 17, has an intrinsic cellular entry efficiency similar to that of cyclic CPP12, the most active CPP reported to date. However, CPP 17 is 2.8 times more active than CPP12 under high serum protein concentrations, presumably because of the lower protein binding. CPP 17 enters the cell primarily by direct translocation at a relatively low concentration (≥5 μm).
Nanoscale Structural Organization of Insulin Fibril Polymorphs Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy–Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM‐IR)
Authors: Rizevsky Stanislav , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpontaneous aggregation of misfolded proteins typically results in the formation of morphologically and structurally different amyloid fibrils, protein aggregates that are strongly associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Elucidation of the structural organization of amyloid aggregates is crucial to understanding their role in the onset and progression of these diseases. Using atomic force microscopy–infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR), we investigated the structural organization of insulin fibrils. We found that insulin aggregation results in the formation of two structurally different fibril polymorphs. One polymorph has a β‐sheet core surrounded by primarily unordered protein secondary structure. This polymorph has β‐sheet‐rich surface, whereas the surface of the other fibril polymorph is primarily composed of unordered protein. Using AFM‐IR, we also revealed the structural organization of the insulin oligomers. Finally, we discovered a new pathway for amyloid fibril formation that is based on a fusion of several oligomers into a single fibril structure.
Biosynthetic Machinery of 6‐Hydroxymellein Derivatives Leading to Cyclohelminthols and Palmaenones
Authors: Ugai Takahiro , Minami Atsushi , Tanaka Shizuya , Ozaki Taro , Liu Chengwei , Shigemori Hideyuki , Hashimoto Masaru , Oikawa Hideaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxygenated cyclopentene systems are unique structural motifs found in fungal polyketides such as terrein, cyclohelminthols, and palmaenones. Here we report the identification of the biosynthetic gene clusters for cyclohelminthols and palmaenones and the functional characterization of the polyketide synthases and halogenases involved in the construction of 6‐hydroxymellein derivatives. Heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae demonstrated that 6‐hydroxymellein is a common biosynthetic intermediate and that chlorination occurs in the early stages of its products’ biosynthesis. This was further confirmed by in vitro enzymatic reactions conducted in the presence of recombinant proteins. Plausible means of biogenesis of fungal polyketides from 6‐hydroxymellein derivatives, additionally supported by the reported labeling patterns of terrein and structurally related fungal polyketides, are also discussed. This study sets the stage for elucidation of the biosynthetic machinery of fungal polyketides of this type.
Effect of premilling treatments on the functional and bread‐baking properties of whole yellow pea flour using micronization and pregermination
Authors: Frohlich Peter , Young Gina , Bourré Lindsay , Borsuk Yulia , Sarkar Ashok , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Pickard Mark , Dyck Adam , Malcolmson Linda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThere is interest in partially replacing wheat flour with pulse flours in bread. However, flavor of pulse flours may be detrimental to the final product. Processing pulses prior to milling, using micronization and pregermination (early seed germination without radicle emergence), was investigated as a way to improve the flavor of yellow pea flour while maintaining or improving flour functionality.FindingsMicronization and pregermination of peas prior to milling resulted in changes to flour particle size, color, and compositional and functional properties of the flours. Peas tempered to 18%–20% and micronized to 105–110°C produced a flour that was similar in baking properties to the flour milled from untreated peas with the exception of crumb firmness and aroma and flavor of the bread. All bread made from micronized peas tended to have reduced crumb firmness and improved aroma and flavor properties compared to bread made with untreated peas. Results for the pregerminated peas showed that the flour had higher starch damage and WAC and lower peak and final viscosities compared to the flour milled from untreated peas. Bread baked from pregerminated peas had lower bread quality in terms of bread scores, volume, crumb color, and C‐cell properties, but the bread had reduced crumb firmness and improved aroma and flavor properties, compared to bread made with untreated peas.ConclusionsBoth micronization and pregermination were suitable premilling treatments for yellow peas. Pregermination, however, warrants additional research to determine whether flour and baking properties can be improved.Significance and noveltyPretreating yellow peas using either micronization or pergermination prior to milling were successful in reducing undesirable flavors associated with pea flour. Depending on the treatment and conditions used, flour functionality and bread‐baking properties were maintained.
Heterozygous loss of function of NR4A2 is associated with intellectual deficiency, rolandic epilepsy, and language impairment
Authors: Ramos Luiza L. P. , Monteiro Fabiola P. , Sampaio Leticia P. B. , Costa Larissa A. , Ribeiro Mara D. O. , Freitas Erika L. , Kitajima Joao P. , Kok Fernando 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecognition of a de novo mutation in NR4A2 associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype reinforces its role in 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome. Using the proband WES data and the probability of loss‐of‐function intolerance index (pLi) set at 1.0 (highest intolerance constraint), we could target NR4A2 as the candidate gene in this patient.