bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEGEL AND PATHOLOGIZED MODERNITY, OR THE END OF SPIRIT IN THE ANTHROPOCENE
Authors: LUMSDEN SIMON 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis article has two broad concerns, both of which are pursued primarily with reference to Hegel's philosophy of history. First, it examines whether Hegel can help explain the difficulty we have in modernity in responding to climate change and ecological crisis. It argues that Hegel provides a useful analysis of this problem, since the model of self‐determination that he appeals to is comprehensively embedded in embodied forms of culture. This helps explain why even a self‐correcting worldview like modernity is obdurate in the face of this crisis. Second, Hegel claims that the defining attribute of spirit is its capacity for self‐production. Modernity is characterized by the emerging and widespread knowledge that spirit is self‐producing. Modernity develops institutions that facilitate and provide an objective reality for spirit's self‐production and its freedom. This aspect of the article examines whether the distinctive capacity of spirit for self‐determination, which is realized in modernity, is subject to the same atrophying conditions by which Hegel says all other historical shapes of spirit are characterized. It asks if the present ecological crisis, something that is directly attributable to spirit itself, represents the limits of self‐producing spirit. The article concludes by examining the difficult position of those countries that cannot be considered to be responsible for the emergence of the Anthropocene but whose actions in the present will amplify its impact.
5. REPLIES TO COMMENTS ON IMAGES OF HISTORY BY WARREN BRECKMAN, ROBERT R. CLEWIS, AND ESPEN HAMMER
Authors: ELDRIDGE RICHARD 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn my replies to the perceptive and cogent observations and questions about my book offered by Warren Breckman, Robert Clewis, and Espen Hammer, I emphasize the thought that we must learn to live with standing tensions between settled institutions and improvisatory courses of action. In reply to Breckman, I suggest that Münchhausen's Trilemma is best regarded as a practical problem that should be addressed in different ways in different contexts rather than as an epistemological puzzle to be solved, and I embrace his rejection of methodological individualism. Although our evolved biology sets some limits and some possibilities, our practical lives are also relatively autonomous from biological determination. In reply to Robert Clewis, I emphasize that Kant has a picture of divine noumenal causation, dimly discernible in history and operating principally through human beings as agents, and I suggest, with Kant, that we may well be unable to explain in any satisfactory way the nature of this noumenal causation. In reply to Espen Hammer's worries about whether a dialogue between Kant and Benjamin is really possible without doing violence to one side or the other, I stress that I am not myself trying to develop a single consistent theory of the meaning of history. Instead, I am “working through” my own perplexity at the constitutive tensions that shape human life, including my own, and trying to see those tensions more clearly.
Influence of guar gum on the baking quality of gluten‐free cheese bread made using frozen and chilled dough
Authors: Zapata Francisco , Zapata Estefanía , Rodríguez‐Sandoval Eduardo 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of guar gum on the quality and textural properties of gluten‐free (GF) cheese bread made using chilled and frozen GF cheese dough. The guar gum addition was at 3.5% (G3.5), 4% (G4) and 4.5% (G4.5) levels, based on the weight of the cheese in the product. Samples of frozen dough with 3.5% guar gum and of chilled dough with 4.5% guar gum were chosen for sensory analysis as they had the closest hardness and specific volume to samples of fresh dough and dough without guar gum (Control). The overall consumer acceptance of samples that had been processed using freezing treatment presented the lowest liking score due to the light salty taste.
High hydrostatic pressure treatment for manufacturing of garlic powder with improved microbial safety and antioxidant activity
Authors: Park Ilbum , Kim Jeong Un , Shahbaz Hafiz Muhammad , Jung Dongseok , Jo Munhui , Lee Kyung Seo , Lee Hyunah , Park Jiyong 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe traditional method of manufacturing garlic powder (GP) that includes simple grinding of air‐dried garlic slices has problems of microbial safety and a pungent flavour for this product. Microbiologically safe GP with a less pungent flavour and better antioxidant activities was manufactured using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), wet grinding and freeze‐drying process. The numbers of total aerobic bacteria and yeasts and molds in untreated (without HHP) GP were 3.64 and 2.47 log CFU/g respectively. Garlic powder treated with 600 MPa HHP for 5 min exhibited a total aerobes count of 1.62 CFU/g and a yeasts and molds count of 1.43 log CFU/g. The diallyl disulfide content, which is responsible for the pungent odour of garlic, was also significantly reduced by HHP due to a decrease in the alliinase activity. Hence, a novel process using HHP can help to produce GP with improved microbial safety, flavour and nutrition.
Selective separation and characterisation of dual ACE and DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) protein hydrolysates
Authors: Ketnawa Sunantha , Suwal Shyam , Huang Jen‐Yi , Liceaga Andrea M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMicrowave pretreatment and hydrolysis were applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by‐products to produce bioactive peptides with dual in vitro angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activities. Peptides were fractionated using the single step electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF). Concentration of cationic peptides (CP) increased in the recovery solution, reaching 125 μg mL−1 after a 4‐h treatment with migration rate of 15.68 ± 2.98 g m−2 h. CP fractions displayed ACE and DPP‐IV I inhibitory properties, with IC50 values of 0.0036 mg mL−1 and 1.23 mg mL−1 respectively. The bioactivity was attributed to the low molecular weight peptides (300–500 Da) recovered. CP exhibited non‐competitive inhibition patterns for ACE and DPP‐IV, which were dose dependent. These results showed that bioactive peptides can successfully be separated from complex hydrolysate mixtures by EDUF. The fractionated peptides can serve as potential functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals for the management of hypertension and diabetes.
Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect the tree line position of Fagus sylvatica along the Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Bonanomi Giuliano , Rita Angelo , Allevato Emilia , Cesarano Gaspare , Saulino Luigi , Di Pasquale Gaetano , Allegrezza Marina , Pesaresi Simone , Borghetti Marco , Rossi Sergio , Saracino Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimHigh‐elevation forest line or tree line is an ecological ecotone representing the upper elevation thermal limit for forest development. The current tree line position is the result of the past human activity interacting with climatic and topographic conditions. In this study, we investigate how climate, local topographic factors and anthropogenic disturbance currently affect tree line distribution.LocationApennine Mountains, 900 km latitudinal gradient along the Italian Peninsula.MethodsOverall, 302 mountain peaks were studied, comprising 3,622 km of measured tree lines. The position of the Fagus sylvatica tree line in all peaks was assessed and correlated with 58 selected variables representing climate, topography and human disturbance.ResultsThe mean tree line elevation was 1,589 m a.s.l., with considerable variability among peaks. Contrary to our expectations, the tree line elevation was lower in the warmer southerly exposed slopes compared to north‐facing aspects, where we found the highest tree line (2,141 m a.s.l.). Correlation analysis indicates that both climatic and human density variables are associated with tree line elevation, with the climate having more influence in high elevation mountains, while human impact plays a prominent role in low elevation mountain peaks. Specifically, we found negative correlations between density of the resident population around each peak and tree line elevation at all examined dates (1861, 1921, and 2011), suggesting a pervasive negative impact of human activity on tree lines. As regards climatic variables, tree line elevation showed a stronger negative correlation with winter and spring months temperature than with mean annual temperature. Noteworthy, climatic variables had stronger effect on high elevation peaks (>1,900 m a.s.l.) compared with low elevation ones (<1,900 m a.s.l.).Main ConclusionOur data provide evidence that the current position of the F. sylvatica tree line in the Apennines is heavily depressed as a result of a complex interaction between climatic factors and the past human pressure.
Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Raaj Kishore , Kabir Enamul , Khan Hafiz T.A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesBangladesh is an underdeveloped country that has recently joined the ranks of low‐middle‐income countries. This study aims to investigate how socioeconomic and developmental factors have influenced women towards a shift in their body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe trend was analysed using data on ever‐married women from 6 nationwide surveys covering the years 1996 to 2014, conducted by the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). To assess the relationship between the socioeconomic factors and BMI, binary regression models were fitted for 6 surveys and forest plots were applied to display the results.ResultsFactors such as age, education, residence, economic status, and contraceptive use were found to have had an increasing influence on BMI over the years that were being analysed. Age and education for women were potential factors influencing BMI. Growing urbanization and economic inequality were found to have been substantial over time, and marital status and contraceptive use were influential whilst the employment status of women held no consequence.ConclusionsRapid urbanization allied with growing wealth inequality and dietary alteration seems to have forced a change in the capacity of women in Bangladesh to control their weight. Additional information is still needed on such factors as the amount of time that women are inactive and sitting down, for example, as well as their daily calorie intake in order to assemble all the pieces for addressing necessary health policy changes in Bangladesh. These factors will also help to indicate a shift of focus from rural malnutrition to urban obesity.
How can methods of placental delivery in cesarean section affect perioperative blood loss? A randomized controlled trial of controlled cord traction versus manual removal of placenta
Authors: Altraigey Ahmed , Ellaithy Mohamed , Atia Hytham , Ali Ibrahim , Kolkailah Mohamed , Abbas Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimOf the different described methods of placental delivery during cesarean section (CS), manual removal and cord traction are the most commonly used techniques. The ideal method of placental delivery during CS is still a conflicting issue as the data derived from the previous studies are widely heterogeneous and inconsistent. This study has investigated the effect of two different methods of placental delivery, controlled cord traction and manual removal, on perioperative blood loss.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial recruited 345 pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at term. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to have their placentae delivered either by manual removal or cord traction. Perioperative blood loss was the study primary outcome measure.ResultsA total of 300 women were included in the final analysis. The longer placental delivery time in the cord traction group (n = 150) (60 s. [45–61.25] versus 45 s. [35–60] in the manual placental delivery group, P < 0.001) was associated with a statistically significant but clinically insignificant higher visually estimated blood loss (500 mL [interquartile range, 500–700] versus 500 mL [interquartile range, 400–500] in the manual removal group, P < 0.001). Although there were statistically significant differences in the hemoglobin levels, postoperatively, these differences were clinically insignificant and were not reflected in the corresponding deficits and percentages of deficit at 12‐ and 48‐h postoperative intervals.ConclusionsOf the studied placental delivery techniques, there were no clinically significant differences in terms of the considered intraoperative and postoperative outcomes; hence, the practice of placental delivery can be left up to obstetrician's discretion and intraoperative scenario.
What is the best treatment for a child with an acute tear of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Authors: Smith Innes DM , Irfan Ahmer , Huntley James S , Spencer Simon J 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith the heightened popularity of childhood sporting activity, the number of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures has increased. Management of these injuries presents a particular challenge due to the open femoral and tibial growth plates. Physeal damage has the potential to cause angular deformity or length discrepancy. This review was conducted to determine the best way to treat this injury. A primary search of Ovid MEDLINE (1 October 2017) used the terms: (ACL or anterior cruciate ligament) and (young or child or children or pediatric or immature or pre‐pubescent). Titles/Abstracts of 369 articles were screened for relevance. A total of 217 were excluded, leaving 152 articles for full‐paper retrieval. Of these, 9 articles remained with one further article identified during cross‐referencing; 10 papers (1 level 2 and 9 level 3) were included for analysis. Comparative studies investigating surgical (140 knees) versus conservative (110 knees) treatment provide evidence in favour of the former, in reducing instability and meniscal tears and improving return to previous activity. Of the papers analysed (163 reconstructions), there was only one case of growth arrest (0.6%) and no cases of length discrepancy. In those studies investigating early (218 patients) versus delayed (140 patients) reconstruction, medial meniscal tears and chondral injuries occurred more frequently in the delayed group. To conclude, for children, there is level 2/3 evidence that early operative ACL reconstruction offers the best chance of a return to pre‐injury sporting activity and minimises the risks of further structural damage. Iatrogenic growth disturbance remains a rare but worrying complication.
Laciniporus arabicusgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales), a new thecate, marine, sand‐dwelling dinoflagellate from the northern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea)1
Authors: Saburova Maria , Chomérat Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

A new thecate, photosynthetic, sand‐dwelling marine dinoflagellate,Laciniporus arabicusgen. et sp. nov., is described from the subtidal sediments of the Omani coast in the Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean, based on detailed morphological and molecular data. Cells ofL. arabicusare small (16.2–30.1 μm long and 13.1–23.2 μm wide), dorsoventrally compressed, with a small apical flap‐shaped projection pointing to the left. The thecal plate pattern is distinguished by minute first precingular plate and sulcus, which extends into the epitheca, with large anterior and right sulcal plates. The Kofoidian thecal tabulation is Po, X, 4′, 2a, 7′′, 6c, 6s, 5′′′, 2′′′′. Morphologically, the revealed plate pattern has an affinity to the Peridiniales, and LSU rDNA based phylogenetic analyses placedL. arabicuswithin the Thoracosphaeraceae, close to calcareous‐cyst producing scrippsielloids, predatory pfiesteriaceans, and photosynthetic freshwater peridinioidsChimonodinium lomnickiiandApocalathiumspp. However, the thecal plate arrangement ofL. arabicusdiffers noticeably from any currently described dinoflagellates, and the species stands out from closely related taxa by extensive differences in physiology and ecology.
Increased risk for new‐onset hypertension in midlife male snorers: The 14‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Lee Seung Ku , Choi Kanghoon , Chang Yoon Hee , Kim Jinyoung , Shin Chol 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile the association between sleep‐related breathing disorders such as snoring and hypertension has been well established, it still remains unclear whether the association differs by age and gender. Therefore, in this 14‐year follow‐up study, we examined the independent association between self‐reported snoring and the incidence of hypertension by gender and age groups in a large cohort of Korean adults. A total of 4,954 adults, aged 40–69 years, free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled. Participants were divided into three groups based on a self‐reported snoring frequency: never; occasional (snoring <4 nights per week); and habitual snorer (snoring ≥4 nights). At baseline and biennial follow‐up visits, blood pressure was measured by trained examiners. Incident hypertension was defined as the first occurrence at any follow‐up examination where the participants had blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or were being treated with antihypertensive medication. After adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, only in men aged ≤45 years was habitual snoring significantly associated with a 1.5 times higher risk for incident hypertension than never snoring. In this age group, habitual snoring was significantly associated with increased risk for the development of hypertension, regardless of the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness. In women, snoring was not significantly associated with hypertension incidence in any age group. The present study suggests that young male snorers may be at high risk for the future development of hypertension, which has important clinical implications for early detection and treatment of snoring to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: A rare pediatric head and neck lesion
Authors: Owen Bryce , Foster Kimberly , Carlson Andrew , Santa Cruz Karen , Smidt Aimee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMelanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy are rare tumors arising from the neural crest and typically present during the first 12 months of life. The majority involve the facial bones, although melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy of the skull and extremities have been observed with less frequency, as in the present case. This entity may initially be presented to the dermatologist as a scalp mass and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants with rapidly growing head and neck lesions.
In‐orbit geometric calibration and experimental verification of the ZY3‐02 laser altimeter
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Tang Xinming , Mo Fan , Tang Hongzhao , Wang Zhenming , Wang Xiao , Liu Yuxuan , Tian Shiqiang , Liu Ren , Xia Xuefei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractZY3‐02 is the first Chinese earth‐observation satellite equipped with a laser altimeter, designed to assist stereo‐image mapping elevations. Launch vibrations, the space environment and other factors, both expected and unexpected, cause bias in the designed ranging and pointing of the laser altimeter, influencing its height measurement accuracy. This paper proposes an in‐orbit geometric calibration model which considers this bias as unknown systematic errors. The unknown parameters were calibrated by the minimum ranging error principle using laser spot geolocation data captured by a ground‐based laser detector array. Based on precise orbit and attitude data, the precise geolocation information of the laser footprints could be obtained. Validation experiments show that the elevation precision of the laser altimeter can reach 1 m.
A Rumour of Empire: The Discourse of Contemporary Hindu Nationalism in Nepal
Authors: Wagner Luke 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the discourse of contemporary Hindu nationalism in Nepal. Based on Hindu nationalist speeches and writings distributed between 2014 and 2015, this article demonstrates and explains the Nepali Hindu nationalist narrative that characterizes secularism as the product of a foreign conspiracy enacted in order to facilitate Christian conversion in Nepal. The article further illustrates how Hindu nationalist discourse suggests that imperial motivations lie behind the conspiracy. Four factors are crucial to understanding the emergence and valence of this narrative: 1) the historical relationship between the state and Hinduism in Nepal; 2) the pervasive sense that foreigners regularly interfere in Nepal's domestic politics; 3) the growth of Christianity in Nepal and its increasing visibility; and 4) a pre‐existing association between secularism and Christianity in Nepal's nationalist discourse.
Influence of methods of joint inspection during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy on the radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon
Authors: Owen Deandra J. , Manley Rebecca , Casale Sue A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of methods of joint inspection during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (191) treated with TPLO (199).MethodsData collected from medical records included signalment, weight, duration of anesthesia and surgery, preoperative and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), cranial cruciate ligament status, meniscal status, and meniscal treatment. Method of joint inspection was recorded as (1) arthroscopy (AR), (2) craniomedial parapatellar arthrotomy (CrMA), or (3) caudomedial arthrotomy (CdMA). The radiographic thickness of the patellar tendon (PTT) was measured preoperatively and at 8‐12 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic signs of patellar tendonitis were graded as 0‐2 on the basis of the severity of changes.ResultsThirty‐nine dogs (41 stifles) underwent AR, 86 dogs (87 stifles) underwent CrMA, and 70 dogs (71 stifles) underwent CdMA. Durations of surgery (P < .001) and anesthesia (P < .001) were longer when joints were inspected by AR than by arthrotomies. PTT was greater after AR than after CrMA (P = .004) and CdMA (P < .001). The proportion of dogs with grade 1 or grade 2 PTT was greater after AR (78.04%) than after CrMA (52.87%, P = .0065) and CdMA (28.17%, P < .001).ConclusionThe PTT was thicker 8‐12 weeks after TPLO when stifles were inspected arthroscopically rather than via arthrotomies.Clinical significanceThe method of stifle exploration during TPLO influences the postoperative radiographic appearance of the patellar tendon and may contribute to patellar tendinopathy.