bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population density and developmental stress in the Neolithic: A diachronic study of dental fluctuating asymmetry at Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100–5,950 BC)
Authors: Milella Marco , Betz Barbara J. , Knüsel Christopher J. , Larsen Clark Spencer , Dori Irene 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe transition from foraging to farming is usually associated with unprecedented population densities coupled with an increase in fertility and population growth. However, little is known about the biological effects of such demographic changes during the Neolithic. In the present work, we test the relationship between diachronic changes in population size, relative exposure to developmental stressors, and patterns of dental fluctuating asymmetry in the Neolithic population of Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100–5,950 cal BC).Materials and MethodsWe calculate fluctuating asymmetry of mesio‐distal and bucco‐lingual diameters of upper and lower permanent canines and first and second molars on a large (N = 259) sample representing adults of both sexes and various age classes.ResultsResults show only a moderate decrease of fluctuating asymmetry during the late phase of occupation of the site, possibly linked to a decrease in population density, and no differences in asymmetry between sexes.DiscussionThough preliminary, our data reflect the presence of developmental stressors throughout the occupation of the site, albeit with a slight improvement in living conditions during the latest periods of occupation. At the same time, these data confirm the key role of diet as buffer against the detrimental effects of fluctuating demographic pressures on the biology of prehistoric human populations.
In‐situ‐Synthese von hochdichten RNA‐Mikroarrays mittels Photolithographie
Authors: Lietard Jory , Ameur Dominik , Damha Masad J. , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObwohl hochdichte DNA‐Mikroarrays bereits seit drei Jahrzehnten etabliert sind, stellte sich die Synthese des RNA‐Pendants bis jetzt als sehr schwierig dar. Im Folgenden beschreiben wir die erste In‐situ‐Synthese von hochdichten RNA‐Mikroarrays als Basengemisch, mithilfe von Photolithographie und lichtempfindlichen Phosphoramiditen. Mit einer Kopplungseffizienz, die mit der von DNA‐Monomeren vergleichbar ist, können nun RNA‐Oligonukleotide mit einer Mindestlänge von 30 Nukleotiden unter Verwendung von modifizierten Phosphoramiditen effizient hergestellt werden. Ein zweistufiges Protokoll ermöglicht die Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen des Phosphodiesters, der exozyklischen Amine und des 2′‐Hydroxyls. Qualität und Identität der oberflächengebundenen RNA werden durch Hybridisierung und enzymatische Assays verifiziert. Wir zeigen durch die Synthese einer komplexen RNA‐Bibliothek, die durch Permutation 262 144 einzigartige Sequenzen enthält, dass eine hohe Anzahl von Oligonukleotiden auf kleiner Fläche hochdicht synthetisiert werden kann. Wir stellen ebenso chimäre DNA/RNA‐Mikroarrays vor und erkunden mögliche Anwendungen durch Kartierung der Sequenzspezifität von RNase HII. In situ hergestellte RNA‐Mikroarrays können als leistungsstarke Plattformen für groß angelegte Struktur‐ und Funktionsstudien von Ribonukleinsäuren gesehen werden.
Computational Studies on Biosynthetic Carbocation Rearrangements Leading to Quiannulatene: Initial Conformation Regulates Biosynthetic Route, Stereochemistry, and Skeleton Type
Authors: Sato Hajime , Mitsuhashi Takaaki , Yamazaki Mami , Abe Ikuro , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe results of quantum chemical calculations on the mechanism of the carbocation cascade of reactions in the biosynthetic pathways leading to the pentacyclic sesterterpenes quiannulatene and sesterfisherol provide reasonable answers to several persistent mechanistic questions in sesterterpene biosynthesis, including: 1) the reaction pathways of the multicyclic ring system construction and skeletal rearrangements, 2) the mechanism of triquinane skeleton formation, which requires more complicated rearrangements than previously proposed, 3) the stereochemistry of the final carbocation intermediate, and 4) the determining factor of biosynthetic selection for either 5/6/4/6/5 or 5/6/5/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton formation. This in‐depth mechanistic study on sesterterpene biosynthesis revealed that the shape of the final product and the type of triquinane skeleton formed are regulated by the stereochemistry and conformation of the common starting material, geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP).
Zwitterionic Design Principle of Nickel(II) Catalysts for Carbonylative Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Dai Yiwei , He Shiyu , Peng Bangan , Crandall Laura A. , Schrage Briana R. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Jia Li 
Published: September 2018

AbstractZwitterionic structure is necessary for NiII complexes to catalyze carbonylative polymerization (COP) of cyclic ethers. The cationic charge at the NiII center imparts sufficient electrophilicity to the Ni–acyl bond for it to react with cyclic ethers to give an acyl‐cyclic ether oxonium intermediate, while the ligand‐centered anionic charge ensures that the resultant oxonium cation is ion‐paired with the Ni0 nucleophile. The current catalysts give non‐alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide and cyclic ethers and are the most effective when both ethylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran are present as the cyclic ether monomers.
High‐Density RNA Microarrays Synthesized In Situ by Photolithography
Authors: Lietard Jory , Ameur Dominik , Damha Masad J. , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile high‐density DNA microarrays have been available for over three decades, the synthesis of equivalent RNA microarrays has proven intractable until now. Herein we describe the first in situ synthesis of mixed‐based, high‐density RNA microarrays using photolithography and light‐sensitive RNA phosphoramidites. With coupling efficiencies comparable to those of DNA monomers, RNA oligonucleotides at least 30 nucleotides long can now efficiently be prepared using modified phosphoramidite chemistry. A two‐step deprotection route unmasks the phosphodiester, the exocyclic amines and the 2′ hydroxyl. Hybridization and enzymatic assays validate the quality and the identity of the surface‐bound RNA. We show that high‐density is feasible by synthesizing a complex RNA permutation library with 262144 unique sequences. We also introduce DNA/RNA chimeric microarrays and explore their applications by mapping the sequence specificity of RNase HII.
Site‐Specific Deoxyfluorination of Small Peptides with [18F]Fluoride
Authors: Rickmeier Jens , Ritter Tobias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRadiolabeled receptor‐binding peptides are an important class of positron emission tomography tracers owing to achievable high binding affinities and their rapid blood clearance. Herein, a method to introduce a 4‐[18F]fluoro‐phenylalanine residue into peptide sequences is reported, by chemoselective radio‐deoxyfluorination of a tyrosine residue using a traceless activating group. The replacement of only one hydrogen atom with [18F]fluoride results in minimal structural perturbation of the peptide, which is desirable in the labeling of tracer candidates.
Immuno‐affinity Amperometric Detection of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhu Yingdi , Jović Milica , Lesch Andreas , Tissières Lovey Lysiane , Prudent Michel , Pick Horst , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA combination of an immuno‐affinity enrichment strategy and sensitive amperometric read‐out was implemented in a point‐of‐care platform intended for bacterial infection analysis. Bacterial cells, selectively captured and enriched from complex matrices through immuno‐affinity, were detected by amperometric monitoring of the redox state of metabolic activity indicators, providing species identification and viable‐cell quantification. The method was successfully employed for the diagnosis of bacterial infections including antimicrobial susceptibility testing with only several hours of total working time.
Experimental study of the fouling characteristics in a pilot‐scale facility: Influence of the fouling surface
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Jiakai , Ma Weichen , Shi Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFouling on the heat transfer tube is one of the most serious problems in the boiler for its low thermal conductivity. The fouling characteristics in a pilot‐scale facility were investigated, including the influence of the fouling surface. The digital image technique was utilized to study the growth characteristic of the fouling deposit. Meanwhile, the heat flux through the heat exchange tube was calculated. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to investigate the mineralogy and microstructure of the deposits. The results showed that the modified surface could inhibit the fouling and promoted the shedding processing of fouling deposit. The average thicknesses of the fouling deposits decreased as the deposition surface was modified with ceramic coating. In addition, the average heat fluxes of the two cases were 183.15 and 226.35 kW/m2 for two cases (noncoating and ceramic coating), respectively. The reduction mechanisms of the fouling deposit were studied. We observed that the modified surface had negative impacts on the content of alkalis, which strongly affected the adhesion behavior. According to the SEM images, the deposition presented a more porous structure with the ceramic coating. This research provides the guidance for mitigation of the fouling in boilers.
The test taker's fallacy: How students guess answers on multiple‐choice tests
Authors: Lee Chan Jean 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany students and applicants take multiple‐choice tests to demonstrate their competence and achievement. When they are unsure, they guess the most likely answer to maximize their score. Despite the impact of guessing on test reliability and individual performance, studies have not examined how patterns of answer sequences in multiple‐choice tests affect guessing. This research presents the test taker's fallacy, which refers to an individual's tendency to expect a different answer to appear for the next question given a run of the same answer choices. The test taker's fallacy exhibits negative recency, similar to the gambler's fallacy. However, extending the sequential judgment literature, the test taker's fallacy shows that negative recency arises even when sequences may or may not be randomly generated. In three studies, including a survey and experiments, the test taker's fallacy is robustly observed. The test taker's fallacy is consistent with the operation of the representativeness heuristic. This research explains what and how test takers guess given a streak of answers and extends judgment under uncertainty to the test‐taking context.
Hommel's procedure in linear time
Authors: Meijer Rosa J. , Krebs Thijmen J. P. , Goeman Jelle J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHommel's and Hochberg's procedures for familywise error control are both derived as shortcuts in a closed testing procedure with the Simes local test. Hommel's shortcut is exact but takes quadratic time in the number of hypotheses. Hochberg's shortcut takes only linear time after the P‐values are sorted, but is conservative. In this paper, we present an exact shortcut in linear time on sorted P‐values, combining the strengths of both procedures. The novel shortcut also applies to a robust variant of Hommel's procedure that does not require the assumption of the Simes inequality.
Dual site‐controlled two‐photon fluorescent probe for the imaging of lysosomal pH in living cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Dong Baoli , Kong Xiuqi , Zhang Nan , Song Wenhui , Lin Weiying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbnormal lysosomal pH is closely associated with many diseases, and real‐time monitoring of lysosomal pH is important for understanding the lysosome physiological nature. Here, we present a novel lysosome‐targeting two‐photon fluorescent probe (MP‐lys) for monitoring pH changes in living cells. As a dual site‐controlled probe, MP‐lys employed morpholine and piperazine groups as the lysosome‐targeting groups and pH response sites. MP‐lys showed rapid, reversible and sensitive fluorescence response to pH. MP‐lys possessed lysosome‐targeting properties, and could be used for two‐photon imaging of chloroquine‐induced pH variation in living cells.
Quantitative determination of six steroid alkaloids by sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Chen Lixue , Li Meijia , Sun Yinshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, a sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method was developed to determine pseudojervine (PJV), veratrosine (VTS), jervine (JV), veratramine (VTM), veramarine (VA) and veratroylzygadenine (VTG) in rat plasma. Separations were carried out using LC–MS/MS with a Chrom Matrix HP amide column (5 m, 10 cm × 3.0 mm i.d.). The mobile phases were (A) 0.01 mm formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. Good linearity was found for all analytes (R2 > 0.995) in the concentration range from 5 to 1000 μg/L with LLOQ at 5 μg/L for VTM and VTS; and from 1 to 1000 μg/L with LLOQ at 1 μg/L for PJV, JV, VA and VTG. Accuracy of the assay varied from 90.5 to 108.1%. The extraction recovery and matrix effect of six analytes ranged from 72.2 to 95.5% and from 79.2 to 98.4%. According to the stability test, six analytes in rat plasma were stable during the analysis process. On the basis of validation of the assay, the pharmacokinetics of the six steroid alkaloids were investigated after oral administration of Lilu extracts to rats.
The talking cure—building the core skills and the confidence of counsellors and psychotherapists to work effectively with multilingual patients through training and supervision
Authors: Costa Beverley , Dewaele Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of multilingual people seek counselling and psychotherapy in a system that is rooted in a monolingual ideology. Despite these numbers, there is very little training for therapists and counsellors equipping them to treat multilingual patients. This is strange given that therapeutic treatment is known as the “talking cure.” Research with therapists and counsellors about their beliefs and behaviour with multilingual patients revealed that therapists were anxious about their ability to work with multilingual patients. Mothertongue multiethnic counselling service, a small NGO based in the UK, developed and delivered training for counsellors and therapists and culturally and linguistically sensitive supervision groups for counsellors and therapists working in their local NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service. They also developed and delivered a module on culturally and linguistically sensitive supervision for IAPT supervision courses.AimAn evaluation of these initiatives was conducted, to explore whether they would improve therapists’ core skills in working with multilingual clients.MethodA combination of questionnaires, which employed Likert scales and Open Boxes, and face‐to face interviews were conducted with trainees and supervisees who had participated in these training and supervision initiatives.ResultsAfter the training and supervision, the confidence and multilingual awareness of counsellors and therapists improved, with an average score of improvement of 4 points on a 10‐point scale. All seven of the interviewed counsellors and therapists said they felt more able to use multilingualism as a therapeutic asset in the treatment of trauma and other presenting issues.Conclusions and implicationsThis type of training and supervision has the potential to change counsellors’ and therapists’ thinking and behaviour, enhance their core skills and impact directly on mental health practice and the reduction in health inequalities. As a result of these sessions over the past decade, and the evidence from the evaluations, linguistically and culturally sensitive supervision is now being embedded into the structures of one local NHS service.
Participatory action research in an Amazon protected area: Lessons for community psychology in Northern Brazil
Authors: Calegare Marcelo Gustavo Aguilar , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractParticipatory action research (PAR) in rural Amazon communities in protected areas (PA) should be a requisite element of community psychology (CP) in Northern Brazil, because it allies investigation with action strategies appropriate to the specificities and problems of those rural communities. In this context, this article intends to promote reflection about PAR carried out in the communities of Auati‐Paraná Extractive Reserve, a federal PA of sustainable use in the western Amazon rainforest, and to highlight elements to community psychologists to solve issues faced by those rural Amazon communities. The PAR's aim was to help in the implementation of a sustainable development marquetry project that uses fallen wood resources and to monitor its psycho‐social‐environmental impact. We present and discuss the PAR's trajectory and its critical points for a CP approach in an Amazon PA context: group work, articulations, disagreements, and political negotiations between partners that permeate the PA's management and environmental governance in Amazon, despite the unexpected outcome of the marquetry project. We emphasize the critical engagement, committed praxis, and political role of CP in PA contexts, necessary for CP in Northern Brazil.
Vistriterpenoids A and B, Two New 24‐Nor‐oleanane Triterpenoids from Dodonaea viscosa
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hang , Zhu Ke‐Xin , Li Jing‐Ya , Lei Chun , Hou Ai‐Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo new triterpenoids, vistriterpenoids A (1) and B (2), and four known ones, were acquired from Dodonaea viscosa. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the 24‐nor‐oleanane triterpenoids isolated from the genus Dodonaea for the first time. Their structures were identified based on extensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 exerted inhibitory activities against PTP1B in vitro.
Combination of Aryl Diselenides/Hydrogen Peroxide and Carbon‐Nanotube/Rhodium Nanohybrids for Naphthol Oxidation: An Efficient Route towards Trypanocidal Quinones
Authors: de Carvalho Renato L. , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Santos Augusto C. C. , Araujo Maria H. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Bombaça Ana Cristina S. , Menna‐Barreto Rubem F. S. , Gopi Elumalai , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eric Doris at the Université Paris‐Saclay and Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG. The image depicts a pinball, corresponding to the naphthol to be oxidized, bouncing around and hitting different bumpers where catalytic transformations occur in a sequential fashion. Inspiration for the design of the cover originated from the 2018 football world cup, in which Brazil and France are among the best teams in history. Although opponents in the field, the two countries collaborate in Chemistry! Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802773.
Photoluminescence Enhancement of Carbon Dots by Surfactants at Room Temperature
Authors: Ren Wei , Chen Shiqing , Li Shumu , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Jianan , Guan Ming , Yang Hui , Li Na , Han Chao , Li Tuo , Zhao Zhenwen , Ge Jiechao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) due to their unique photoluminescence (PL) properties. As synthetic methods gradually develop, many post‐functionalization strategies have been developed to enhance the PL of CDs. However, in most cases, the PL enhancement was less than 10‐fold with multistep modification processes. In this work, a facile and efficient post‐functionalization strategy was successfully applied to enhance the PL intensity of CDs dramatically up to 69 times by surfactants at room temperature for the first time. Furthermore, the mechanism of surfactant‐induced PL enhancement of CDs was investigated and in vivo bioimaging was performed. The results demonstrated that electrostatic/non‐electrostatic interactions between CDs and surfactants could effectively lower the vibration and rotation of CDs, increase radiative decay processes and, thus, enhance the PL of CDs. This finding may provide new insights into the strategies for enhancing the PL of CDs, further broadening their potential applications.
Complex‐precipitation using functionalized chiral ionic liquids with L‐proline anion and chromatographic analysis for enantioseparation of racemic amino acids
Authors: Zang Huimin , Yao Shun , Luo Yingjie , Tang Dan , Song Hang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs one kind of functionalized green medium, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have been widely applied in fields of asymmetric catalysis, enantioseparation, and so on. In this study, four kinds of amino acid–based CILs were synthesized by using trimethylamine, N‐methylpyrrolidine, N‐methylimidazole, and tropine as cationic nucleus, respectively. Then their specific optical rotation and solubility in common solvents were determined for further resolution application. The effect of different cations in these CILs was explored on the separation of racemic phenylalanine in complex‐precipitation way. Moreover, various factors were systematically investigated for their effects on resolution efficiency, including the type of additive copper salts, the molar ratio of Cu (II) to CIL, pH value, the amount of racemic phenylalanine, and temperature. Under the appropriate conditions, L‐phenylalanine mainly existed in solid phase and could be separated from its enantiomers in liquid phase. Furthermore, the mechanism of resolution was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrum, and molecular simulation. The resolution system has characteristics of no organic solvent, fast separation speed, simple resolution process, and easy scale‐up.
General purpose electronics for real‐time processing and encoding of non‐MR data in MR acquisitions
Authors: Pedersen Jan Ole , Hanson Christian G. , Xue Rong , Hanson Lars G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecording of data other than MR signals are often of interest during MRI. We present unique, versatile circuitry developed for sampling and real‐time processing of such non‐MR signals to facilitate recording of these by an MR scanner. The circuitry is capable of acquiring multiple signals at 200 kHz sampling rate, measure RF power correlates, perform fast and flexible signal processing, and transmitting both amplitude and frequency modulated RF signals receivable by MR scanners. As an example of use, an electronic point‐source signal is generated by the circuitry, and transmitted wirelessly to the receive coil of an MR scanner during an echo planar imaging sequence.