bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Thermal Behaviors of Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbine Control Valves During the Cold Start Warm-Up Process: Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation and Field Data Validation
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Fuqi , Xu Sihua , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Transient thermal behaviors of ultra-supercritical steam turbine control valves during the cold start warm-up process of steam turbine systems were comprehensively studied using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulation. The geometrical configurations and boundary conditions used in simulation were identical to the field setup in a thermal power plant. The simulated temperature variations were first validated using measurements by the flush-mounted thermocouples inside the solid valve bodies. The CHT simulation implementing the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model demonstrated good agreement with the field data, and the overall numerical errors were below 10%; however, the numerical errors of the simulation, which used empirical heat transfer coefficients at the fluid–solid interfaces, reached 40%. The determined temperature differences between the cold valve bodies with the hot steam flow decreased significantly. Specifically, the temperature differences along the inner wall surfaces of the valve bodies decreased to less than 50 °C. Further investigation of the transient heat flux distributions and Nusselt number distributions confirmed that the unsteady flow behaviors, such as the alternating oscillations of the annular wall-attached jet, the central reverse flow and the intermediate shear layer instabilities, enhanced the fluid–solid heat convection process and thus contributed to the warming up of the solid valve bodies.
Experimental Study on Residual Cross-Sectional Flattening of Thin-Walled Pipes Under Pure Plastic Bending
Authors: Zhang Ziqian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cross-sectional ovalization (ovalization) usually occurs when thin-walled pipe is subjected to large plastic bending. This paper is concerned with residual deformation of thin-walled pipe's cross section in a radial direction when external bending moment is removed. In order to clarify the fundamental ovalization characteristics, find out what factors influence the residual flattening (value of ovalization), the ovalization behavior is investigated experimentally. The experiments are carried out on 21 stainless steel specimens with different geometric parameters under different bending radii by means of a four-point pure bending device. The residual cross-sectional flattenings are monitored continuously by scanning the cross section periodically along the circumferential direction. From the experimental results, it is observed that the cross-sectional shape of the thin-walled pipe is not perfect standard ellipse, and the appearance of the maximum residual flattening is usually found in the direction normal to the neutral surface. It is also revealed the relationships between the residual flattening and the bending radius, the wall thickness, and the pipe outer diameter, i.e., the residual flattening increases as the bending radius and the wall thickness reduce, but it increases as the outer diameter increases. These results are expected to find their potential application in thin-walled pipe bending operation.
Design of a Metamaterial-Based Foundation for Fuel Storage Tanks and Experimental Evaluation of Its Effect on a Connected Pipeline System
Authors: Wenzel Moritz , Basone Francesco , Bursi Oreste S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The recent advance of seismic metamaterials has led to various concepts for the attenuation of seismic waves, one of them being the locally resonant metamaterial. Based on this concept, the so-called metafoundation has been designed. It can effectively protect a fuel storage tank from ground motions at various fluid levels. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed design, the response of the metafoundation is compared to the response of a tank on a traditional concrete foundation. The design process of conceiving the metafoundation, optimizing it for a specific tank, and its seismic response are described herein. Furthermore, the response of a tank during a seismic event can cause severe damages to pipelines connected to the tank. This phenomenon can be of critical importance for the design of a seismic tank protection system and must be treated with care. Since the coupled structure (tank + foundation + pipeline) exerts highly nonlinear behavior, due to the complexity of the piping system, a laboratory experiment has been conducted. More precisely, a hybrid simulation (HS) that uses the metafoundation and a tank as a numerical substructure (NS) and a piping system as a physical substructure (PS) was employed. To make the results relatable to the current state of the art, additional experiments were performed with concave sliding bearings (CSBs) as an isolation system in the NS. The metafoundation offered a clear attenuation of tank stresses and, in some cases, also reduced the stresses in the piping system.
Effect of Natural Gas Composition on Low Nox Burners Operation in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine
Authors: Romano Serena , Cerutti Matteo , Riccio Giovanni , Andreini Antonio , Romano Christian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Development of lean-premixed combustion technology with low emissions and stable operation in an increasingly wide range of operating conditions requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms that affect the combustion performance or even the operability of the entire gas turbine. Due to the relative wide range of natural gas composition supplies and the increased demand from Oil&Gas customers to burn unprocessed gas as well as liquified natural gas (LNG) with notable higher hydrocarbons (C2+) content, the impact on gas turbine operability and combustion related aspects has been matter of several studies. In this paper, results of experimental test campaign of an annular combustor for heavy-duty gas turbine are presented with focus on the effect of fuel composition on both emissions and flame stability. Test campaign involved two different facilities, a full annular combustor rig and a full-scale prototype engine fed with different fuel mixtures of natural gas with small to moderate C2H6 content. Emission trends and blowout for several operating conditions and burner configurations have been analyzed. Modifications to the burner geometry and fuel injection optimization have shown to be able to reach a good tradeoff while keeping low NOx emissions in stable operating conditions for varying fuel composition.
An Efficient Kriging-Based Constrained Optimization Algorithm by Global and Local Sampling in Feasible Region
Authors: Tao Tianzeng , Zhao Guozhong , Ren Shanhong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To solve challenging optimization problems with time-consuming objective and constraints, a novel efficient Kriging-based constrained optimization (EKCO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The EKCO mainly consists of three sampling phases. In phase I of EKCO, considering the significance of constraints, feasible region is constructed via employing a feasible region sampling (FRS) criterion. The FRS criterion can avoid the local clustering phenomenon of sample points. Therefore, phase I is also a global sampling process for the objective function in the feasible region. However, the objective function may be higher-order nonlinear than constraints. In phase II, by maximizing the prediction variance of the surrogate objective, more accurate objective function in the feasible region can be obtained. After global sampling, to accelerate the convergence of EKCO, an objective local sampling criterion is introduced in phase III. The verification of the EKCO algorithm is examined on 18 benchmark problems by several recently published surrogate-based optimization algorithms. The results indicate that the sampling efficiency of EKCO is higher than or comparable with that of the recently published algorithms while maintaining the high accuracy of the optimal solution, and the adaptive ability of the proposed algorithm also be validated. To verify the ability of EKCO to solve practical engineering problems, an optimization design problem of aeronautical structure is presented. The result indicates EKCO can find a better feasible design than the initial design with limited sample points, which demonstrates practicality of EKCO.
Keratopigmentation combined with strabismus surgery to restore cosmesis in eyes with disabling corneal scarring and squint
Authors: Balgos Joan D , Amesty Maria A , Rodriguez Alejandra E , Al-Shymali Olena , Abumustafa Sabat , Alio Jorge L 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundTherapeutic corneal pigmentation has modernly evolved into different sophisticated techniques to camouflage cosmetically disabling corneal opacities and scars with good reported outcomes. Blind eyes frequently suffer from strabismus which further deteriorates the cosmesis of the patient. Combined keratopigmentation (KTPG) with strabismus surgery may be an option for these patients.MethodsA total of 72 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed in this investigation. Main outcome measures were postoperative residual squint, and cosmesis evaluated by an independent observer, patient satisfaction, reoperation rates for KTPG and squint, and complications.ResultsA total of 72 consecutive patients and 73 eyes that underwent KTPG and strabismus surgery were included in this study. Mean follow-up time was 2.5±3 years. Patient age ranged from 5 to 83 years, with 93% having visual acuity worse than 0.1. 14 eyes (24.5%) underwent repeated KTPG, 24 (42.1%) had repeated strabismus surgery. 14 patients (19.4%) had a repeat muscle surgery, although 55 (76.4%) of the 72 patients achieved orthotropia or had deviations within 10 prism dioptres at the end of the follow-up period. Corneal microperforation was encountered in two (2.8%) patients and conjunctival staining in 10 eyes. Cosmesis was good for all patients. Patients who required repeat KTPG or strabismus surgery, or those in whom orthotropia was not totally restored, considered their cosmetic appearance sufficiently improved.ConclusionCorneal KTPG combined with strabismus surgery provides good cosmesis for patients with corneal scarring and strabismus with minimal complications. Reoperation rates are relatively high in the short term to accomplish an optimal cosmetic result.
Evaluation of suprascapular nerve radiofrequency ablation protocols: 3D cadaveric needle placement study
Authors: Tran John , Peng Philip , Agur Anne 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectivesImage-guided intervention of the suprascapular nerve is a reported treatment to manage chronic shoulder joint pain. The suprascapular nerve is conventionally targeted at the suprascapular notch; however, targeting of its branches, the medial and lateral trunks, which are given off just posterior to the notch has not been considered. Since the lateral trunk supplies the posterior supraspinatus and articular branches to the glenohumeral joint capsule, while the medial trunk provides motor innervation to the anterior region, it may be possible to preserve some supraspinatus activation if the medial trunk is spared. The main objective was to investigate whether midpoint between suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches is the optimal target to capture articular branches of lateral trunk while sparing medial trunk.MethodsIn 10 specimens, using ultrasound guidance, one 17 G needle was placed at the suprascapular notch and a second at midpoint between suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches. The trunks and needles were exposed in the supraspinous fossa, digitized and modeled in 3D. Lesion volumes were added to the models to asses medial and lateral trunk capture rates. Mean distance of needle tips to origin of medial trunk was compared.ResultsConventional notch technique captured both lateral and medial trunks, whereas a midpoint technique captured only lateral trunk. Mean distance of needles from the origin of medial trunk was 5.10±1.41 mm (notch technique) and 14.99±5.53 mm (midpoint technique).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the midpoint technique could spare medial trunk of suprascapular nerve, while capturing lateral trunk and articular branches. Further clinical investigation is required.
Ordovician trilobites from the Tafilalt Lagerstätte: new data and reappraisal of the Bou Nemrou assemblage
Authors: Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos , Pereira Sofia , García-Bellido Diego C. , Rábano Isabel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

The early Late Ordovician (Sandbian 1) representatives of the Tafilalt Biota in the locality of Bou Nemrou (Jbel Tjarfaïouine) provide examples of fossil preservation in medium-grained sandstones with abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures. The recorded trilobite assemblage comprises 11 species of ten genera, among which one is new (
Placoparia africana
Pereira & Gutiérrez-Marco, sp. nov.) and four others previously regarded as endemic to the locality are considered to be synonymys of species already described from Bohemia. The oldest representative of the illaenid genus
Cekovia
is recorded, revised diagnosis proposed for the genus
Mytocephala
Struve and for
Uralichas tardus
Vela & Corbacho.
Parvilichas
Corbacho & Vela is considered to be a junior synonym of
Uralichas
Delgado. From a palaeobiogeographical point of view, the Bou Nemrou locality shows strong relationships with trilobite assemblages from the Dobrotivian and with the lower Berounian sandstone facies of Bohemia, reinforcing the correlation of both regions. Some soft-bodied structures are recognized here, including the digestive tracts of
Uralichas
and the traces of paired, metameric axial bands in the anterior thoracic segments of the trilobite
Selenopeltis
preserved in apatite and interpreted as intersegmental musculature.
Electronic Cigarette Use among Survivors of Smoking-Related Cancers in the United States
Authors: Akinboro Oladimeji , Nwabudike Stanley , Elias Rawad , Balasire Oluseyi , Ola Olatunde , Ostroff Jamie S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
The prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its impact on smoking cessation among cancer survivors in the United States is largely unknown. We sought to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use and examine its associations with cigarette smoking and smoking quit attempts among smoking-related cancer survivors in the United States.

Methods:
We obtained data from the 2014–2017 annual cycles of the National Health Interview Survey for participants with self-reported history of smoking-related cancer(s). We calculated the prevalence of current e-cigarette use and utilized multinomial logistic regression in examining the independent association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Appropriate survey weights were applied in estimating the prevalence rates, relative risk ratios (RRR), ORs, and confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Our sample comprised 3,162 smoking-related cancer survivors. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was 3.18% (95% CI, 2.40–3.96). Current e-cigarette users were 83 times as likely as never users to be current cigarette smokers (RRR, 82.89; 95% CI, 16.54–415.37). Among those with a history of cigarette smoking, current e-cigarette users were 90% less likely to be former smokers (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.18). No association was seen between current e-cigarette use and a smoking quit attempt in the prior year.

Conclusions:
E-cigarette use among cigarette ever smokers was associated with a lower likelihood of being a former smoker/having quit smoking, and e-cigarette use was not associated with smoking quit attempts.

Impact:
Our findings do not provide evidence that e-cigarette use facilitates smoking cessation among smoking-related cancer survivors.
Development of 2 Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitors With Distinct Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles for the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Falchook Gerald , Rosen Seth , LoRusso Patricia , Watts Justin , Gupta Shilpa , Coombs Catherine C. , Talpaz Moshe , Kurzrock Razelle , Mita Monica , Cassaday Ryan , Harb Wael , Peguero Julio , Smith David C. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Szmulewitz Russ , Noel Marcus S. , Yeleswaram Swamy , Liu Phillip , Switzky Julie , Zhou Gongfu , Zheng Fred , Mehta Amitkumar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are key epigenetic transcriptional regulators, inhibition of which may suppress oncogene expression. We report results from 2 independent first-in-human phase 1/2 dose–escalation and expansion, safety and tolerability studies of BET inhibitors INCB054329 (study INCB 54329-101; NCT02431260) and INCB057643 (study INCB 57643-101; NCT02711137).

Patients and Methods:
Patients (≥18 years) with advanced malignancies, ≥1 prior therapy, and adequate organ functions received oral INCB054329 (monotherapy) or INCB057643 (monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care) in 21-day cycles (or 28-day cycles depending on standard-of-care combination). Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability.

Results:
Sixty-nine and 134 patients received INCB054329 and INCB057643, respectively. Study INCB 54329-101 has been completed; INCB 57643-101 is currently active, but not recruiting (no patients were receiving treatment as of January 8, 2019). Terminal elimination half-life was shorter for INCB054329 versus INCB057643 (mean [SD], 2.24 [2.03] vs. 11.1 [8.27] hours). INCB054329 demonstrated higher interpatient variability in oral clearance versus INCB057643 (CV%, 142% vs. 45.5%). Most common (&gt;20%) any-grade treatment-related adverse events were similar for both drugs (INCB054329; INCB057643): nausea (35%; 30%), thrombocytopenia (33%; 32%), fatigue (29%; 30%), decreased appetite (26%; 22%). Two confirmed complete responses and 4 confirmed partial responses with INCB057643 were reported as best responses.

Conclusions:
INCB057643 exhibited a more favorable PK profile versus INCB054329; exposure-dependent thrombocytopenia was observed with both drugs which limited the target inhibition that could be safely maintained. Further efforts are required to identify patient populations that can benefit most, and an optimal dosing scheme to maximize therapeutic index.
Discovery, Validation, and Application of Novel Methylated DNA Markers for Detection of Esophageal Cancer in Plasma
Authors: Qin Yi , Wu Chung W. , Taylor William R. , Sawas Tarek , Burger Kelli N. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Sun Zhifu , Yab Tracy C. , Lidgard Graham P. , Allawi Hatim T. , Buttar Navtej S. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Iyer Prasad G. , Katzka David A. , Ahlquist David A. , Kisiel John B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose:The burden of esophageal cancer continues to rise, and noninvasive screening tools are needed. Methylated DNA markers (MDM) assayed from plasma show promise in detection of other cancers. For esophageal cancer detection, we aimed to discover and validate MDMs in tissue, and determine their feasibility when assayed from plasma.Experimental Design:Whole-methylome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from 37 tissues (28 EC; 9 normal esophagus) and 8 buffy coat samples. Top MDMs were validated by methylation specific PCR on tissue from 76 EC (41 adeno, 35 squamous cell) and 17 normal esophagus. Quantitative allele-specific real-time target and signal amplification was used to assay MDMs in plasma from 183 patients (85 EC, 98 controls). Recursive partitioning (rPART) identified MDM combinations predictive of esophageal cancer. Validation was performed in silico by bootstrapping.Results:From discovery, 23 candidate MDMs were selected for independent tissue validation; median area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for individual MDMs was 0.93. Among 12 MDMs advanced to plasma testing, rPART modeling selected a 5 MDM panel (FER1L4, ZNF671, ST8SIA1, TBX15, ARHGEF4) which achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89–0.96) on best-fit and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.88) on cross-validation. At 91% specificity, the panel detected 74% of esophageal cancer overall, and 43%, 64%, 77%, and 92% of stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Discrimination was not affected by age, sex, smoking, or body mass index.Conclusions:Novel MDMs assayed from plasma detect esophageal cancer with moderate accuracy. Further optimization and clinical testing are warranted.
Biomarker Analyses of Response to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibition and Endocrine Therapy in Women with Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Finn Richard S. , Liu Yuan , Zhu Zhou , Martin Miguel , Rugo Hope S. , Diéras Véronique , Im Seock-Ah , Gelmon Karen A. , Harbeck Nadia , Lu Dongrui R. , Gauthier Eric , Huang Bartlett Cynthia , Slamon Dennis J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Preclinical data identified the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor palbociclib as synergistic with antiestrogens in inhibiting growth of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) human breast cancer models. This observation was validated clinically in the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III PALOMA-2 study.

Experimental Design:
To determine markers of sensitivity and resistance to palbociclib plus letrozole, we performed comprehensive biomarker analyses, investigating the correlation with progression-free survival (PFS), on baseline tumor tissues from PALOMA-2.

Results:
Despite a broad biomarker search, palbociclib plus letrozole demonstrated consistent PFS gains versus placebo plus letrozole, with no single biomarker or cassette of markers associated with lack of benefit from combination treatment. Palbociclib plus letrozole confers efficacy on both luminal A and B patients. Higher CDK4 levels were associated with endocrine resistance which was mitigated by the addition of palbociclib, whereas lower PD-1 levels were associated with greater palbociclib plus letrozole benefit. Tumors with more active growth factor signaling, as exemplified by increased expression of FGFR2 and ERBB3 mRNA, appeared to be associated with greater PFS gain from the addition of palbociclib.

Conclusions:
These data underscore the importance of CDK4/6 signaling in HR+/HER2− breast cancer and suggest that the interplay between steroid hormone and peptide growth factor signaling could drive dependence on CDK4/6 signaling.
See related commentary by Anurag et al., p. 3
Direct Detection and Quantification of Neoantigens
Authors: Wang Qing , Douglass Jacqueline , Hwang Michael S. , Hsiue Emily Han-Chung , Mog Brian J. , Zhang Ming , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Zhou Shibin , Vogelstein Bert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many immunotherapeutic approaches under development rely on T-cell recognition of cancer-derived peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen molecules on the cell surface. Direct experimental demonstration that such peptides are processed and bound is currently challenging. Here, we describe a method that meets this challenge. The method entailed an optimized immunoprecipitation protocol coupled with two-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry. The ability to detect and quantify minute amounts of predefined antigens should be useful both for basic research in tumor immunology and for the development of rationally designed cancer vaccines.