bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal protein mutation suppresses gonadal leader cell migration defects in mig- 17/ADAMTS mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Hon-Song , Mitsuzumi Kaito , Kondo Shohei , Yamaoka Rie , Ihara Shinji , Otsuka Hiroshi , Yoshikata Chizu , Kubota Yukihiko , Tomohiro Takumi , Fujiwara Toshinobu , Shibata Yukimasa , Takahashi Mikiko , Nishiwaki Kiyoji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The migration of gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs) in Caenorhabditis elegans serves as an excellent model for studying the migration of epithelial tubes during organogenesis. Mutations in the mig-17/ADAMTS gene cause misdirected DTC migration during gonad formation, resulting in deformed gonad arms. An amino acid substitution in RPL-20, the ortholog of mammalian RPL18a/eL20, a component of the 60S ribosomal large subunit, exhibited a slow-growth phenotype and strongly suppressed the mig-17 gonadal defects. Slow-growing mutations clk-1 and clk-2 also suppressed mig-17. Intestine-specific overexpression of mutant RPL-20 protein resulted in a slow-growth phenotype and suppressed the mig-17 gonadal defects, but these effects were much weaker when wild-type RPL-20 was overexpressed, suggesting that the mutant RPL-20 protein acquired a novel function. Analysis of ribosome profiles revealed reduced biogenesis of the 60S subunit, leading to a reduction of 80S ribosomes in the rpl-20 mutant. These results suggest that DTC migration defects in mig-17/ADAMTS mutants can be partly suppressed by growth retardation caused by rpl-20 mutation-dependent attenuation of ribosome biogenesis.
Anatomy Education in Central Europe: A Qualitative Analysis of Educators' Pedagogical Knowledge, Methods, Practices, and Challenges
Authors: Valcke Jennifer , Csík Laura Berta , Säflund Zoe , Nagy Andras , Eltayb Amani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study seeks to understand educators’ perceptions of pedagogical knowledge and concepts/frameworks, such as constructive alignment (CA), Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs), in relation to student-centred pedagogy and their anatomy teaching practices. The study also investigates perceived gaps at the institutional, departmental, and individual levels concerning anatomy teaching and the pedagogical practices that should be promoted.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study using a mixed methods approach was used for this purpose. In 2022, face-to-face or online interviews were conducted with 14 anatomy educators and course organisers from Zagreb, Masaryk and Pécs Universities.
Results
We found that most educators had not received formal teacher training prior to starting anatomy teaching and were unfamiliar with such pedagogical frameworks as constructive alignment, even though they were familiar with the concept of ILOs. Thematic analysis was applied to open-ended questions and the umbrella theme that emerged was “Transforming Anatomy Teaching and Learning in the Glocal Classroom: Navigating the Intersections of Pedagogical Practice, Constructive Alignment, and Student-Centred frameworks”. Two themes and 6 subthemes were identified from the data. The study presents recommendations and a novel framework linking student-centred approaches, constructive alignment, and global educational sustainability agendas, such as SDG4.7 to enhance the quality of anatomy teaching.
A reduction-secretion system contributes to roxarsone (V) degradation and efflux in Brevundimonas sp. M20
Authors: Zonga Xuehui , Yu Minghui , Wang Jiahui , Li Congcong , Wang Bing , Wang Yongan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Roxarsone (V) (Rox(V)) is an organoarsenical compound that poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and contributes to various diseases through its conversion into mobile inorganic and more toxic arsenic. Reducing trivalent 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (HAPA(III)) offers a competitive advantage; however, it leads to localized arsenic contamination, which can disrupt the soil microbiome and impede plant growth. Three genes, BsntrA, arsC2, and BsexpA, encoding nitroreductase, arsenate reductase, and MFS transporter, were identified in a Rox(V) resistant strain Brevundimonas sp. M20. Then, a three-step approach, including nitroreduction, As (V) reduction, and HAPA(III) secretion, which is responsible for Roxarsone(V) resistance, was confirmed. Moreover, the flavonoid compound baicalin occupies the HAPA (III) delivery space and grabs the R127 residues by stronger interaction and steric hindrance to prevent HAPA (III) transported by BsexpA to the extracellular. These results demonstrate a new Rox(V) reduction pathway, providing a potential efflux pump inhibitor to trap higher toxins.
Factors associated with retakes in health Professions Courses: A case study of Five selected Universities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: KIBUUKA RONALD , Mpasa Ferastas , Atuhairwe Irene , Agaba Brian , Nakattudde Prossy , Owusu-Sekyere Samuel , Amponsah Abigail , Chizoma Ndikom , Oluwakemi Ogah , Kennedy Kiyimba , Baker Obakiro Samuel , Kaminga Atipasta , Epuitai Joshua , Chimbe Etta , Baluwa Masumbuko , Munthali Getrude , Richard Katuramu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Academic examination retakes are significant challenges in health professions education. With rigorous clinical assessments, limited training resources and high-stakes examinations, students struggle to meet academic requirements which cab result in retakes. This study aimed to assess the proportion of medical and nursing students with retakes across five Sub-Saharan African universities and to explore factors contributing to the retakes.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. The study involved 764 medical and nursing clinical students from five universities across Sub Saharan Africa: Busitema University (Uganda), Mzuzu University (Malawi), University of Ibadan (Nigeria), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (Ghana), and the University of Zambia. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify factors associated with retakes.
Results
Overall, the proportion of students who had ever had a retake in clinical assessments was 12.6%. Factors associated with retakes are age with students aged 25 and above showed a higher likelihood of failing compared to their younger counterparts (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.06–5.64, P = 0.036) and gender with Male students more likely to get retakes compared to their female counterparts (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.21–3.00, P = 0.005) at univariate, although this association was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis. OSCE was the most frequent examination format associated with retakes, accounting for 47.7% (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The present study brings to light the proportion of students who experienced retakes and the factors associated with retakes among health professions students in Sub-Saharan Africa. This highlights the need for institutional interventions targeting at-risk populations: older and male students, and those with assessment problems related to the different modes of assessing clinical skills. Amelioration of these factors through appropriate support systems could minimize the proportion of students having to retake modules and create a more supportive academic environment. Further research might focus on exploring the proportion of students experiencing retakes in each country and thus determine factors that could contribute to high stakes towards retakes for each country so as to develop country specific solution and improved clinical skills assessment.
Probing Chiral Kitaev Spin Liquids via Dangling Boundary Fermions
Authors: Zhang Shang-Shun , Halasz Gabor B. , Batista Cristian D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Identifying experimental probes capable of diagnosing extreme quantum behavior is widely regarded as one of the foremost challenges in modern condensed matter physics. Here, we propose a novel approach for detecting chiral Kitaev spin liquid states through measurements of the local dynamical spin structure factor on the boundary using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We specifically focus on unpaired (''dangling'') Majorana fermions, which naturally emerge along boundaries of Kitaev spin liquids, and can serve as indicators of chiral boundary modes under broad conditions, thereby offering a clear signature of these exotic quantum states.
Cyclone-induced storm surge flooding in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta under different mean-sea level rise scenarios
Authors: Elahi Md Wasif E , Wang Xiao Hua , Ritchie Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Bangladesh coast located in the lower part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta (GBMD) regularly faces different flooding events from tidal flooding, pluvial flooding, and storm surge flooding. Cyclone-induced storm surge flooding is the most devastating flood event among all the flooding events in the GBMD in terms of human death toll and economic loss. Moreover, different climate change scenario studies suggest that the Bangladesh coast will face adverse impact from mean sea level (MSL) rise. In present study, an online wave-current coupled numerical model (Deflt3d and SWAN) is applied in the GBMD to assess cyclone-induced flooding under different mean seal rises including 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. The model setup is calibrated and validated for Cyclone Sidr. Results show that a 1.5 m increase in MSL will cause flooding of up to 33% of the total coastal area of Bangladesh. Current cyclones (e.g., Cyclone Sidr) will cause more flooding in the coast in the future because of MSL rise alone. Ignoring the earthen embankments in the GBMD in numerical model may results error up to 1.25 m in the storm surge height estimation. Sensitivity tests of different cyclonic parameters such as radius of maximum wind speed, maximum wind speed and landfall location in terms of cyclone-induced storm surge event are conducted by applying the model for different idealized scenarios. An increase in the cyclone maximum wind speed is more likely to increase flooded area rather than increase storm surge height at river stations in the GBMD because the protective embankments are overtopped releasing the waters into the floodplain.
3D Reconstruction of Typhoon Trami (2018) eye and eyewall clouds observed by Airborne Reconnaissance on board Camera
Authors: Algodon Meryl , Takahashi Yukihiro , Kubota Hisayuki , Sato Mitsuteru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Typhoons cause significant damage and casualties worldwide, making accurate intensity estimation essential for risk mitigation. However, analyzing typhoons—particularly their size, cloud formations, and development rate—is challenging due to their unpredictable nature and various environmental influences. Cloud morphology, particularly the cloud-top altitude difference between the eyewall and the eye, is a key indicator of typhoon intensity, as suggested by the Dvorak technique. Traditionally, this data is derived from thermal infrared (TIR) measurements, but these are often unreliable due to atmospheric temperature inconsistencies. In this research, we developed a method using stereo-photogrammetry to analyze typhoons through aircraftcaptured images of the typhoon eye. We reconstructed a 3D model of 2018 Typhoon Trami’s eye, achieving a high resolution
of 6.08 meters per pixel with a minimal projection error of 2.37 pixels. This model surpasses the resolution of satellite and radar sensors traditionally used for typhoon analysis. The model revealed a stair-step cloud structure likely associated with an eyewall replacement cycle occurring at that time. This technique allows for precise cloud-top height measurement, crucial for estimating typhoon intensity. Our findings were validated by comparing three cross-sections of the 3D model with TIR data from the Himawari-8 satellite and dropsonde measurements.
Pancreas Pyroptosis and Self-Digestion Inhibitions by Multi-Enzymically Catalytic Nanoeffectors Reject Death-Sentenced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Dong Xiulin , Hua Sijia , Zhang Kun , Yang Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with a high mortality rate, and thereby AP therapy is still a challenge. Pancreatic enzymes overproduction-induced pancreas self-digestion and persistent oxidative stress-associated pancreas pyroptosis have been identified two root causes against current AP therapy. Herein, single-atom nanozymes of Co-based SAE (Co-SAE) with inherent antioxidant enzymes surface modified with trypsin activity inhibitor Rhamnetin (Rh) are developed to inhibit the progression of AP. It is found that in the AP mouse model, this formulation (Rh@SAE) confers effective protection against self-digestion, oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, tissue damage. Importantly, pyroptosis death of pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) is alleviated as validated by the blockade of GSDMG cleavage, inactivation of caspase 1, and reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1𝛽) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Overall, this work possesses a huge potential for improving AP outcomes, which opens a new catalytic therapy avenue for AP.
Advanced Amine Solvent Strategies for Efficient CO2 Capture in Post-Combustion Systems
Authors: Rochelle Fourie , Hashemi Hamed , Naidoo Paramespri , Ramjugernath Deresh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Process simulations serve as an efficient and cost-effective method for evaluating the performance of various amine solvents and their blends in CO₂ capture technologies. This study utilized a performance indicator model to assess the effectiveness of n-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) blends, supplemented with the activator piperazine (PZ). Key parameters such as solvent flow rates, equipment heat duties, and associated costs including energy consumption and carbon taxes were incorporated into the analysis. Among the tested formulations, a binary blend consisting of 25 wt.% AMP and 5 wt.% PZ demonstrated superior performance, achieving a 35% improvement over the baseline 30 wt.% AMP solvent. Further enhancement was realized through the implementation of absorber intercooling (ICA) within the simulation design, which elevated the performance rating by an additional 9%. These results highlight the significant potential of optimizing solvent compositions and incorporating innovative process configurations to improve the efficiency of post-combustion CO₂ capture systems. The findings provide valuable insights for developing more effective and sustainable approaches to reducing carbon emissions in large-scale industrial applications.
Pitaya Allergy: A Case Report of Anaphylaxis in a Patient Without Cross-Reactive Allergens
Authors: Martin Hannah , Stepaniuk Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Pitaya, commonly known as dragon fruit, is increasingly available and has allergenic potential. While pollens have been found to have cross-reactivity and thus induce allergies to several fruits, the case report detailed herein to our knowledge is the first reported of pitaya anaphylaxis in a patient without co-sensitization to other fruit or environmental allergens.
Case presentation: A 26-year-old male presented to the emergency department with anaphylaxis after consumption of pitaya (dragon fruit). He had no prior history of atopy. Epicutaneous skin testing demonstrated positive skin testing to pitaya with negative testing to all environmental allergens, indicating his pitaya allergy did not derive from pollen allergy cross-sensitization.
Conclusions: Our case is unique in demonstrating the potential for pitaya allergy to occur independent of other allergies and cross-sensitization. Future research into suspected allergenic proteins in pitaya, quantifying their structural similarity to other allergens and identifying their likelihood of causing allergies independent of pollen sensitization, is warranted.
Effectively Co-debriefing an Interprofessional Team in a Simulation Context: A Systematised Review and Qualitative Study
Authors: Makinen Emma-Liisa , Senior Mackenzie , Bignucolo Adam , Sarvas Holly 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Debriefing after an interprofessional (IP) simulation is key to participant learning. Incorporating IP co-debriefers mitigates power discrepancies and increases collaboration between debriefers and participants to optimise learning. Nevertheless, there are challenges that come with co-debriefing an IP team following a simulation, with limited recommendations for managing these challenges. This study aims to identify methods for how IP faculty can effectively debrief a post-licensure IP team following a Code Blue simulation.
Methods
This study conducted both a systematised literature review and a theoretical thematic analysis of post-simulation IP debriefing sessions. The search terms for PubMed and CINAHL were Debrief* AND (Interprofessional or multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary) AND simulation, with a date range of 2012–2022. Thirty articles were identified by title and abstract review, with 16 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The thematic analysis was derived from post-simulation IP debriefing data collected from 12 simulation IP debriefs. These data included debrief-the-debriefer notes, participants’ post-debrief surveys, and a final debrief-the-debriefer session after all simulation sessions were complete.
Results
Five broad themes with nine subthemes were established by correlating the literature review findings alongside the post-simulation IP debriefing data and survey data: Effective Communication (use of specific questioning, discussion generation, empowering facilitators, and framework), Knowledge Gaps (specific education, empowering facilitators), Therapeutic Milieu (empowering participants, framing discussion, facilitator confidence/comfort), Effective Physical Structure, and Suggesting Tool Use.
Conclusion
Multiple strategies useful for IP co-debriefing were found, such as the use of an IP learner-centered approach with combined open-ended questions and specific questioning; the implementation of specific frameworks to guide the debrief; and the provision of IP debriefers educated in both simulation cases and debriefing. This study contributes to the research by acknowledging the uniqueness of IP co-debriefing compared with other debriefing models, and identifying effective strategies for IP co-debriefers to use in a post-licensure IP debrief. Further research should explore in-depth reviews of faculty debrief-the-debriefer sessions to inform a guiding framework for future debriefers.
From Attacker's Eyes: Preventing Attribute Privacy Leakage in User Behavior Data
Authors: Lian Defu , Wu Chenwang , Ge Yong , Chen Enhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Attribute inference attacks exploit the correlation between user behavioral data and private information to infer private attributes from behavioral data, leading to privacy leakage risks. Typically, defense against such malicious privacy inference is perceived as conflicting with attacks. However, this paper revisits representative attribute-privacy-preserving methods within an attack framework, revealing that their optimization objectives align with adversarial attacks with only minor differences. This unified attack lens allows us to assign precise meanings to their protection mechanisms and facilitates comparisons of their strengths and limitations. Based on our observations, we outline the major issues in applying attack to privacy preservation, such as selecting perturbed and target data. We then identify an appropriate attack optimization objective and present a poisoning-based privacy-preserving method to address these issues. Finally, we prove the privacy-preserving performance through theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation, and explore its enhancements over existing methods as well as the challenge of attacker decryption under open principle.
Harsh Parenting and Problematic Smartphone Use: The Chain Mediating Effects of Attention to Negative Information and Social Anxiety
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Wang Shuxuan , Lin Yunhan , Jiang Huaibin , Lu Jiamei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Harsh parenting (HP) has been shown to be associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) among adolescents. However, few studies have explored the relationship between HP and PSU through a dual-system framework that integrates both emotional and cognitive processing. We aim to investigate the serial mediation effects of attention to negative information (ANI) and social anxiety (SA) in the relationship between HP and PSU among adolescents. The study involved 276 adolescents (mean age = 13.93; SD = 0.82; 42.4% boys) from two middle schools in southeastern China. We assessed HP, ANI, SA and PSU over three waves at three-month intervals. The result show that ANI (T2) serve as independent mediator between HP (T1) and PSU (T3). Also, ANI (T2) and SA (T2) serve as chain mediators between HP (T1) and PSU (T3). However, the direct effect of HP (T1) on SA (T2) was not significant. These findings suggest that ANI and SA serve as key cognitive and emotional mechanisms linking HP to PSU in adolescents.
Cost-effectiveness of different contraceptive methods to avoid unintended pregnancy among adolescents in China: A modeling analysis based on decision-tree modle
Authors: Luo Weihua , Wang Di , Xu Gan , Zhou Liangru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The problem of unintended pregnancy among adolescent spreads worldwide. In this study, a decision-tree model was constructed to analyze the cost and effectiveness of different contraceptive methods in Chinese adolescents to avoid unintended pregnancy.
Methods
From a healthcare system perspective, evaluate the cost and effectiveness of combined oral contraceptive (COC), intrauterine device (IUD), levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and subdermal implant contraceptive methods used by 14.88 million women aged 15–24 years with contraceptive needs within 5 years in 2023. The cost parameters are derived from the China Medical Information Platform and healthcare service price literature. Effectiveness refers to avoided pregnancies, abortions, and births. The clinical parameters are derived from the WHO and published literature. Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to determine whether contraception measures are economical. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis verify the robustness of the model.
Results
The cost of IUD is the lowest, and subdermal implant has the highest number of unintended pregnancies. The cost-effectiveness ratio shows that IUD has the best contraceptive effect, and it costs RMB 369.67 to avoid accidental pregnancy among adolescents. Compared with COC, IUD has significant contraceptive advantages and can achieve better clinical results at lower cost. LNG-IUS and subdermal implant are economical when compared with COC, with ICER of 7556.78 and 12271.85, both of which are lower than the GDP per head of China.
Conclusions
Faced with the growing demand for contraception among adolescents and high incidence of unintended pregnancies, adolescents can be encouraged to adopt LARC methods, especially IUD.