bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico analysis revealed Zika virus miRNAs associated with viral pathogenesis through alteration of host genes involved in immune response and neurological functions
Authors: Islam Md. Sajedul , Khan Md. Abdullah‐Al‐Kamran , Murad Md. Wahid , Karim Marwah , Islam Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe concurrent Zika Virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the United States and Northeast Brazil have evoked global surveillance. Zika infection has been correlated with severe clinical symptoms, such as microcephaly, Guillain‐Barré syndrome, and other congenital brain abnormalities. Recent data suggest that ZIKV predominantly targets neural progenitor cells leading to neurological impairment. Despite the clinical evidence, detailed experimental mechanism of ZIKV neurotropic pathogenesis has not been fully understood yet. Here we hypothesized that ZIKV produces miRNAs, which target essential host genes involved in various cellular pathways facilitating their survival through immune evasion and progression of disease during brain development.MethodsFrom genome sequence information using several bioinformatic tools, we predicted pri‐miRNAs, pre‐miRNAs, and finally the mature miRNAs produced by ZIKV. We also identified their target genes and performed functional enrichment analysis to identify the biological processes associated with these genes. Finally, we analyzed a publicly available RNA‐seq data set to determine the altered expression level of the targeted genes.ResultsFrom ZIKV genome sequence, we identified and validated 47 putative novel miRNAs. Functional enrichment of the targeted genes demonstrates the involvement of various biological pathways regulating cellular signaling, neurological functions, cancer, and fetal development. The expression analysis of these genes showed that ZIKV‐produced miRNAs downregulate the key genes involved in these pathways, which in turn may lead to impaired brain development.ConclusionsOur finding proposes novel ZIKV miRNAs and their targets, which upon experimental validation could help developing new therapeutics to combat ZIKV infection and minimize ZIKV‐mediated pathologies.
AC conductivity and dielectric studies of Cd0.8Sn0.2S thin films
Authors: Amroun Mohamed Nadhir , Khadraoui Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThin films of Cd0.8Sn0.2S were prepared by spray pyrolysis method. The Dc and Ac electrical conduction of Cd0.8Sn0.2S thin films was investigated in this work. Ac conductivity study of the prepared sample is reported in the frequency range 5 Hz to 13 MHz at various temperatures (300‐343 K) using impedance spectroscopy. The Cole‐Cole plot shows a single semicircle, indicating an equivalent circuit with a single parallel resistor R and capacitance C. Ac conductivity Ac(ω) is found to be proportional to ωs where s < 1. The value of s tends to decrease depending on the temperature. The temperature dependence of both the Ac conductivity and the parameter s is interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The temperature‐dependent Dc conductivity and the relaxation frequency are found to obey the Arrhenius law having activation energy of 0.17 eV. The density of states at Fermi level is calculated and is of the order of 1015 eV−1·cm−3. Dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ were found to decrease with frequency and increase with temperature in the investigated ranges.
Ostial atresia of the coronary sinus in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Hiroshima Ken‐ichi , Goya Masahiko , Nagashima Michio , Fukunaga Masato , Ohe Masatsugu , An Yoshimori , Makihara Yu , Hayashi Kentaro , Ando Kenji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOf 3577 patients with supraventricular arrhythmias, 3 demonstrated an atresia of the coronary sinus (CS) ostium. Two patients had the accessory pathways. One had atrial fibrillation. No unroofed CS or apparent persistent left superior vena cava was observed. Venous drainage through a small cardiac vein located on the lateral portion of the tricuspid annulus was observed in all patients. Those cases demonstrated that the incidence of ostial atresia of the CS was 0.084%. Accessory pathways were often accompanied by this anomaly. An abnormal venous orifice located on the lateral tricuspid annulus often functioned as the drainage of the CS flow.
Molecular Response of Rabbit Menisci to Surgically Induced Hemarthrosis and a Single Intra‐Articular Dexamethasone Treatment
Authors: Heard Bryan J. , Barton Kristen I. , Agbojo Omokhowa M. , Chung May , Sevick John L. , Bader Taylor J. , Martin C. Ryan , Shrive Nigel G. , Hart David A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery can restore biomechanical stability, however, such surgery cannot reliably prevent the onset of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular response that occurs within the menisci following a surgical injury that allows bleeding into the joint space, and then to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on this molecular response. Cell viability studies following acute controlled exposure to blood and blood plus DEX were also conducted. Forty‐eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into control, sham, surgical, and surgical  + DEX groups (each group n  =  6). Animals were sacrificed at 48 h and 9 weeks, and menisci were harvested. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels for key inflammatory, and degradative proteins, as well as mRNA levels for autophagy pathway molecules were quantified, and statistically significant changes were described. Meniscal cell viability was calculated by incubating groups of medial and lateral menisci in autologous blood, or autologous blood plus DEX for 48 h (each group n  =  4; total of eight medial and eight lateral menisci), and then conducting a histological live/dead assay. Results indicated a significant reduction in only medial meniscal cell viability when the tissue was exposed to blood in combination with DEX. A single administration of DEX following surgery significantly suppresses the elevated molecular expression for key inflammatory and degradative markers within menisci at 48 h and 9 weeks post‐surgery. In vitro, autologous blood did not affect cell viability, but addition of DEX uniquely impacted the medial menisci. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2043–2052, 2019
Is tourism‐led growth hypothesis still valid?
Authors: Mitra Subrata Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to re‐examine the direction of the causal relationship between tourism growth and economic progress. Although a vast literature on the topic is available, the results are still mixed and sample dependent. The study re‐examined the causal relationship using as many as 158 countries and classified them into three groups on the basis of the international tourism receipt relative to the gross domestic product (GDP). On methodological front, the study adopted the new panel causality model of Dumitrescu and Hurlin. Before carrying out the causality test, cross‐sectional dependence and homogeneity tests are implemented because the Dumitrescu and Hurlin test can take both cross‐sectional dependence and heterogeneity into account. The interesting outcome of the study is that the bivariate causal relationship has remained consistent across three subsamples when tourism growth is measured in terms of international tourism receipt and related to the GDP.
Non‐invasive Reflectance Spectroscopy for Normal and Cancerous Skin Cells Refractive Index Determination: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Shirkavand Afshan , Farivar Shirin , Mohajerani Ezeddin , Ataie‐Fashtami Leila , Ghazimoradi Mohammad H. 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectiveOptical reflectance spectroscopy is a non‐invasive technique for optical characterization of biological samples. Any alteration in a cell from normal or carcinogenic causes will change its refractive index. The aim of this study is to develop a computerized program for extraction of a refractive index of normal and cancerous skin cell lines, including melanoma, fibroblast, and adipose cells, using visible near‐infrared reflectance spectra and the Kramers–Kronig (K–K) relations.Materials and MethodA fiber optic reflectance spectrometer in visible near‐infrared wavelength was used for spectrum acquisition in an in vitro study. Human skin cell lines for melanoma (A375), fibroblast, and adipose sample were cultured for optical spectroscopy. Following data acquisition, an analytical MATLAB code was developed to run the K–K relations. The program was validated for three biological samples using an Abbe refractometer.ResultsThe validation error (below 5%) and determination of changes in the refractive index of melanoma, normal fibroblasts, and adipose skin cells was carried out at wavelengths of 450–950 nm. The refractive index of melanoma was 1.59270 ± 0.0550 at 450 nm, the minimum amount of 1.27790 ± 0.0550 to 1.321 ± 0.0550 at 620 nm, and rose sharply to 1.44321 ± 0.0550 at 935 nm. The respective results for fibroblast and adipose tissue cells were 1.33282 ± 0.0134 and 1.28345 ± 0.0163 at 450 nm with an increasing trend to 1.30494 ± 0.0135 and 1.26716 ± 0.0163 at 935 nm.ConclusionRefractive index characteristics show potential for cancer screening and diagnosis. The results show that optical spectroscopy is a promising, non‐invasive tool for assessment of the refractive index of living biological cells in in vitro settings. Tracking changes in the refractive index allows screening of normal and abnormal cells for probable alterations in a non‐invasive label‐free method. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic progenitor cell activation is induced by the depletion of the gut microbiome in mice
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Nan‐nan , Li Lan‐lan , Zhu Wan‐wan , Xiu Jianbo , Shen Yan , Xu Qi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe homeostasis of the gut microbiome is crucial for human health and for liver function. However, it has not been established whether the gut microbiome influence hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). HPCs are capable of self‐renewal and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes; however, HPCs are normally quiescent and are rare in adults. After sustained liver damage, a ductular reaction occurs, and the number of HPCs is substantially increased. Here, we administered five broad‐spectrum antibiotics for 14 days to deplete the gut microbiomes of male C57BL/6 mice, and we measured the plasma aminotransferases and other biochemical indices. The expression levels of two HPC markers, SRY‐related high mobility group‐box gene 9 (Sox9) and cytokeratin (CK), were also measured. The plasma aminotransferase activities were not affected, but the triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly altered; this suggests that liver function is affected by the composition of the gut microbiome. The mRNA expression of Sox9 was significantly higher in the treated mice than it was in the control mice (p < 0.0001), and a substantial expression of Sox9 and CK was observed around the bile ducts. The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, and TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis [Tweak]) were also significantly higher in the antibiotic‐treated mice than the levels in the control mice. These data imply that the depletion of the gut microbiome leads to liver damage, negatively impacts the hepatic metabolism and function, and activates HPCs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
Obstetric outcomes of ex‐utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)
Authors: Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Aalipour Soroush , Erfani Hadi , Nassr Ahmed A. , Stewart Kelsey A. , Kravitz Elizabeth S. , Rezaei Atefeh , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Espinoza Jimmy , Belfort Michael A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe ex‐utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is used to secure effective gas exchange prior to postnatal life. We describe the obstetrical course and maternal outcomes of a series of patients who underwent EXIT.MethodsThis is a review of all pregnancies in which fetuses were delivered by EXIT from January 2001 to April 2018. Outcome variables included estimated gestational age (EGA) at delivery, need for emergency EXIT, maternal estimated blood loss (EBL), need for maternal blood transfusion, and maternal postoperative length of hospital stay. Data were tested for normality and reported as median [range] and n (%).ResultsA total of 45 patients were delivered by EXIT procedure. Sixteen (35.6%) of the EXIT procedures were performed emergently. Median maternal EBL was 800 (500‐2000) mL; 6 (13.3%) patients received blood transfusion. Median maternal postoperative length of hospital stay was four [3‐7] days.ConclusionOur data highlight the complexity of the obstetrical management in the EXIT procedure as evidenced by an approximately 36% chance of emergency delivery. Despite having an experienced multidisciplinary team, 13.3% of our subjects underwent maternal blood transfusion. This information can be used in counseling EXIT candidates regarding the risks and benefits of this procedure.
A theoretical exploration of therapeutic monomania as a physician‐based instrumental variable
Authors: Potter Brian J. , Dormuth Colin , Le Lorier Jacques 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the utility of physician prescribing preference as an instrumental variable.MethodsExpert (non‐systematic) review of relevant literature on the appropriate selection of instrumental variables and theoretical exploration of individual physician and physician group prescriber preference.ResultsAn instrumental variable must satisfy three criteria: (1) It must predict the treatment received (strength of the instrument); (2) it cannot influence the outcome other that through the treatment received (exclusion restriction); and (3) it cannot be influenced by any factor that also influences the outcome (independence assumption). Arguments in favor of prescriber preference as an instrumental variable and suggestions for how to approach specific scenarios that may be encountered are offered.ConclusionsPrescriber preference, be it of individual physicians or groups of physicians, may, under the right conditions, be powerful instrumental variables. Empiric experimental data are required to determine the appropriateness of combining propensity matching and instrumental variable analysis.
Synthesis and Properties [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]Tetrazine N‐Oxide Explosives
Authors: Wang Guilong , Fu Zhanda , Yin Hongquan , Chen Fu‐Xue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo improve the detonation performance, 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine N‐oxide explosives were prepared by oxidation reaction with trifluoroacetic peroxide acid. Thus, four compounds were synthesized and characterized. Among them, 3,6‐bis((3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)amino)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine 1‐oxide (TDOX) showed good detonation performance (D, 8926 m s−1; P, 34.8 GPa) and favorable thermal stability (Td, 228 °C, onset). All compounds featured mechanic insensitivities (IS>40 J, FS>360 N).
Laboratory selection, cross‐resistance, and estimations of realized heritability of indoxacarb resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Afzal Muhammad BS , Shad Sarfraz A , Ejaz Masood , Serrao Jose E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis is a pest of cotton, vegetables, ornamentals, and medicinal plants. In many parts of the world P. solenopsis has been managed by integration of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods, but in Pakistan the use of insecticide sprays has resulted in the development of resistance to some insecticides. In this study indoxacarb resistance was investigated by selecting a P. solenopsis population under laboratory conditions for many generations. The cross‐resistance potential of indoxacarb resistance with other chemistries and the realized heritability of indoxacarb resistance were also evaluated.RESULTSA field population of P. solenopsis selected with indoxacarb for 27 generations had a 25 623.17‐fold resistance level. The highly indoxacarb resistant population showed very high cross‐resistance to spinosad and very low cross‐resistance to bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos. The mean estimated h2 of resistance to indoxacarb was only 0.04. The number of generations predicted for the development of ten‐fold indoxacarb resistance at a constant h2 = 0.04 against selection intensities of 10% and 95% were 346 and 36 (slope = 3.18), 237 and 25 (slope = 2.18) and 128 and 13 (slope = 1.18). However, at a constant slope = 1.18 and selection intensities of 10% and 95%, the same increase in indoxacarb resistance occurred after 128 and 13 (h2 = 0.04), 103 and 11 (h2 = 0.05), and 86 and 9 (h2 = 0.06) generations.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that P. solenopsis has a very high resistance to indoxacarb as a result of laboratory selection. Thus, resistance to this insecticide in the field may also occur. Indoxacarb resistance can be minimized by rotating it with bifenthrin and/or chlorpyrifos due to its very low cross‐resistance to these insecticides and by avoiding its rotation with Spinosad, which has very high cross‐resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Meglumine Promoted Strategy: Environmentally Benign Protocol towards the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Aminopyrroles in Aqueous Condition
Authors: Yadav Vijay B. , Yadav Neetu , Rai Pragati , Ansari Mohd Danish , Kumar Akhilesh , Verma Ankit , Siddiqui I. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA facile and highly efficient protocol for the one‐pot, four‐component synthesis of polysubstituted 2‐aminopyrroles by using glyoxal monohydrate derivatives, anilines, coumarin derivatives, and malononitrile has been developed. Meglumine used as an inexpensive, biodegradable and reusable catalyst. Simplicity, green solvent, easy work‐up process, cost effective and reusability of the promoter are the main advantages of reported methodology.
Small heat shock protein genes of the green algae Closterium ehrenbergii: Cloning and differential expression under heat and heavy metal stresses
Authors: Abassi Sofia , Wang Hui , Ponmani Thangaraj , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe freshwater green algae Closterium ehrenbergii has been considered as a model for eco‐toxicological assessment in aquatic systems. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins produced in all living organisms, which participate in environmental stress responses. In the present study, we determined the cDNA sequences of small heat shock protein 10 (sHSP10) and sHSP17.1 from C. ehrenbergii, and examined the physiological changes and transcriptional responses of the genes after exposure to thermal shock and toxicants treatments. The open reading frame (ORF) of CeHSP10 was 300 bp long, encoding 99 amino acid (aa) residues (10.53 kDa) with a GroES chaperonin conserved site of 22 aa. The CeHSP17.1 had a 468 bp ORF, encoding 155 aa with a conserved C‐terminal α‐crystallin domain. For heat stress, cells presented pigment loss and possible chloroplast damage, with an up‐regulation in the expression of both sHSP10 and sHSP17.1 genes. As for the heavy metal stressors, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species was registered in a dose dependent manner, with a significant up‐regulation of both sHSP10 and sHSP17.1 genes. These results suggest that sHSP genes in C. ehrenbergii may play a role in responses to stress environments, and they could be used as an early detection parameter as biomarker genes in molecular toxicity assessments.
Learning environment, stress and coping in psychiatry residents within a&nbsp;national training program: a&nbsp;longitudinal study
Authors: Chew Qian Hui , Holmboe Eric , Sim Kang 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Perception of one’s learning environment is associated with academic performance and well-being of medical students. Yet, few studies have explored learners’ perceptions and their correlates within a postgraduate environment. This study examined longitudinal changes in learning environment perception, perceived stress and coping for psychiatry residents in junior and senior years of training. Based on extant social learning theories, we hypothesized that learning environment perceptions will improve with seniority, and be accompanied by lower stress levels and better coping.
Methods Eighty-two out of 101 psychiatry residents (81.2%) from our National Psychiatry Residency Program rated their perception of learning environment, perceived stress, and coping strategies from June 2016 to June 2018. Correlations between these variables, and changes across five timepoints were examined.
Results Senior-year residents reported better perception of learning environment over time, together with increased use of problem-focused coping and lowered perceived stress levels. Junior-year residents reported no changes in learning environment perception and coping strategies, despite rating greater perceived stress levels over time. Perception of learning environment negatively correlated with perceived stress levels and specific coping strategies.
Discussion Based on these findings, we suggest specific strategies with the emphasis on context, participation, and social interaction within a community of practice to better support residents in training, which are applicable to other similar training programs.
Biological role of excretory–secretory proteins in endemic parasites of Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Gomez-Fuentes S. , Morales-Ruiz V. , López-Recinos D. , Guevara-Salinas A. , Arce-Sillas A. , Rodríguez J.F. , Parada-Colin C. , Adalid-Peralta L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) share certain traits: they are parasitic infections, prevailing in tropical environments and affecting marginalized sectors of the population. Six NTDs – ascariasis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm infection, onchocerciasis and trichuriasis – all of them endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), are analysed in this work. This review aims to discuss key information on the function of excretory/secretory (E/S) proteins from these parasites in their infectivity, pathogeny and diagnosis. The modulation of the host immune system to favour the permanence and survival of the parasite is also discussed. An updated knowledge on the function of E/S molecules in endemic parasitoses in LAC may lead to new approaches for the clinical management and diagnosis of these diseases. In turn, this could allow us to optimize their treatment and make it more affordable – a relevant goal given the economic constraints that the region is facing.
VECCHIO E NUOVO AUTORITARISMO NELL'EUROPA MEDITERRANEA
Authors: Morlino e Leonardo , Mattei Franco 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNel corso degli anni settanta, crisi autoritaria e transizione alla democrazia hanno caratterizzato Portogallo, Spagna e Grecia (O'Donnell, Schmitter e Whitehead 1986). Nello stesso periodo il quarto paese dell'Europa mediterranea, l'Italia, attraversava la sua crisi democratica piò difficile dai tempi dell'instaurazione repubblicana (1945-48), o addirittura dagli anni venti. In Spagna e Portogallo, il fallimento dei regimi autoritari e i relativi processi di democratizzazione erano scaturiti da una combinazione di trasformazioni interne, economiche e sociali, e internazionali (Morlino 1986). In Grecia quel fallimento veniva dal mancato consolidamento del regime militare, insieme all'attivazione di una notevole opposizione al regime e alla crisi di Cipro, cioè ancora da una combinazione di elementi interni ed internazionali. Trasformazioni socio-economiche e conseguente mobilitazione politica di nuovi gruppi e movimenti (lavoratori, giovani, donne) ovvero emergere di nuove domande erano anche alla base della crisi italiana (Farneti 1978; Morlino 1985).