bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache in epilepsy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Whealy Mark A. , Myburgh Anna , Bredesen Tanya J. , Britton Jeffrey W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the frequency and characteristics of interictal and postictal headaches (using International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria) in a population of patients with epilepsy admitted to the Mayo Clinic Rochester epilepsy monitoring unit and assess their localizing value.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Participants were voluntarily recruited upon admission to the epilepsy monitoring unit. Two separate questionnaires were then administered. The first was to assess the presence and character of headaches experienced in the past 12 months. The second was to assess characteristics of postictal headaches experienced during their admission including localization.ResultsOne‐hundred and twenty subjects (77%) met inclusion criteria and completed the initial questionnaire. Mean age was 38.1 years (range 18‐82), and 67 (55.8%) were female. Interictal headaches were reported in 97 of 120 (81%) subjects, and these met ICHD3 criteria for migraine in 48 (50%). Postictal headaches were reported by 75 of 120 (63%) subjects on the initial admission questionnaire, representing migraine in 38 (51%). Thirty‐nine (32%) subjects completed the secondary questionnaire related to postictal headaches experienced during admission, of which nine (23%) met criteria for migraine. There was no seizure lateralizing or localizing value noted based on postictal headache localization.SignificanceMigraine was frequent in this cohort and appears to be the dominant interictal and postictal headache type in patients with epilepsy. In this study, the first to assess incident postictal headache in the setting of an ictal EEG, headache localization was of no seizure localizing value. Few patients were being actively treated; suggesting headache management is often overlooked in the epilepsy population.
Jujube mucilage as a potential stabilizer in stirred yogurt: Improvements in the physiochemical, rheological, and sensorial properties
Authors: Yekta Mandana , Ansari Sara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, the mucilage of jujube was extracted and used as a natural stabilizer in the production of stirred yogurt. Yogurts were enriched with different concentrations of jujube mucilage (i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2%), and their physical, chemical and sensory attributes were analyzed during 21 days of storage at 4°C. The results showed that the protein and fat contents of the yogurts were not significantly different compared with each other, while higher ash contents were obtained in yogurts which contained higher concentrations of the mucilage. The acidity and proteolysis of the stirred yogurts were enhanced in the presence of mucilage, and they exhibited lower concentrations of diacetyl and acetaldehyde, although the differences were not significant among the samples of different treatments. The storage time had adverse and direct effects on the amounts of acetaldehyde and diacetyl, respectively. The effects of storage time and the presence of jujube mucilage in yogurts caused a significant decrease in the percentage of syneresis, while their viscosity and WHC values increased. The magnitudes of dynamic moduli (G, G''), complex viscosity (η*), and loss tangent (tan δ) of stirred yogurts increased by increasing the concentration of jujube mucilage. The yogurts which had been enriched with mucilage were preferred slightly less by tasters during the storage period, but these differences did not amount to a statistical significance. Generally, the results of the present study showed that the jujube mucilage can be potentially used as a natural stabilizer in stirred yogurt.
Neurovascular coupling in the developing neonatal brain at rest
Authors: Nourhashemi Mina , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Goudjil Sabrina , Kongolo Guy , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe neonatal brain is an extremely dynamic organization undergoing essential development in terms of connectivity and function. Several functional imaging investigations of the developing brain have found neurovascular coupling (NVC) patterns that contrast with those observed in adults. These discrepancies are partly due to that NVC is still developing in the neonatal brain. To characterize the vascular response to spontaneous neuronal activations, a multiscale multimodal noninvasive approach combining simultaneous electrical, hemodynamic, and metabolic recordings has been developed for preterm infants. Our results demonstrate that the immature vascular network does not adopt a unique strategy to respond to spontaneous cortical activations. NVC takes on different forms in the same preterm infant during the same recording session in response to very similar types of neural activation. This includes (a) positive stereotyped hemodynamic responses (increases in HbO, decreases in HbR together with increases in rCBF and rCMRO2), (b) negative hemodynamic responses (increases in HbR, decreases in HbO together with decreases in rCBF and rCMRO2), and (c) Increases and decreases in both HbO‐HbR and rCMRO2 together with no changes in rCBF. Age‐related NVC maturation is demonstrated in preterm infants, which can contribute to a better understanding/prevention of cerebral hemodynamic risks in these infants.
Finite element analysis of non‐Newtonian magnetohemodynamic flow conveying nanoparticles through a stenosed coronary artery
Authors: B Vasu , Dubey Ankita , Bég O. Anwar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study considers two‐dimensional mathematical modeling of non‐Newtonian nanofluid hemodynamics with heat and mass transfer in a stenosed coronary artery in the presence of a radial magnetic field. The second‐grade differential viscoelastic constitutive model is adopted for blood to mimic non‐Newtonian characteristics, and blood is considered to contain a homogenous suspension of nanoparticles. The Vogel model is employed to simulate the variation of blood viscosity as a function of temperature. The governing equations are an extension of the Navier‐Stokes equations with linear Boussinesq's approximation and Buongiorno's nanoscale model (which simulates both heat and mass transfer). The conservation equations are normalized by employing appropriate nondimensional variables. It is assumed that the maximum height of the stenosis is small in comparison with the radius of the artery, and, furthermore, that the radius of the artery and length of the stenotic region are of comparable magnitude. To study the influence of vessel geometry on blood flow and nanoparticle transport, variation in the design and size of the stenosis is considered in the domain. The transformed equations are solved numerically by means of the finite element method based on the variational approach and simulated using the FreeFEM++ code. A detailed grid‐independence study is included. Blood flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics are examined for the effects of selected geometric, nanoscale, rheological, viscosity, and magnetic parameters, that is, stenotic diameter (d), viscoelastic parameter (), thermophoresis parameter (), Brownian motion parameter (), and magnetic body force parameter (M) at the throat of the stenosis and throughout the arterial domain. The velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration fields are also visualized through instantaneous patterns of contours. An increase in magnetic and thermophoresis parameters is found to enhance the temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and skin‐friction coefficient. Increasing Brownian motion parameter is observed to accelerate the blood flow. Narrower stenosis significantly alters the temperature and nanoparticle distributions and magnitudes. The novelty of the study relates to the combination of geometric complexity, multiphysical nanoscale, and thermomagnetic behavior, and also the simultaneous presence of biorheological behavior (all of which arise in actual cardiovascular heat transfer phenomena) in a single work with extensive visualization of the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics. The simulations are relevant to the diffusion of nano‐drugs in magnet‐targeted treatment of stenosed arterial disease.
Flow Photochemical Syntheses of trans‐Cyclooctenes and trans‐Cycloheptenes Driven by Metal Complexation
Authors: Pigga Jessica E. , Fox Joseph M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstracttrans‐Cyclooctenes and trans‐cycloheptenes have long been the subject of physical organic study, but the broader application had been limited by synthetic accessibility. This account describes the development of a general, flow photochemical method for the preparative synthesis of trans‐cycloalkene derivatives. Here, photoisomerization takes place in a closed‐loop flow reactor where the reaction mixture is continuously cycled through Ag(I) on silicagel. Selective complexation of the trans‐isomer by Ag(I) during flow drives an otherwise unfavorable isomeric ratio toward the trans‐isomer. Analogous photoreactions under batch‐conditions are low yielding, and flow chemistry is necessary in order to obtain trans‐cycloalkenes in preparatively useful yields. The applications of the method to bioorthogonal chemistry and stereospecific transannulation chemistry are described.
Reproductive cycle of northern largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides salmoides
Authors: Brown Michael L. , Kasiga Tom , Spengler Daniel E. , Clapper Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe seasonal dynamics of the northern largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides salmoides) reproductive cycle was investigated in a Midwestern United States population. Mature largemouth bass (n = five males and five females) were collected each month over a one‐year period. Environmental cues (water temperature and photoperiod) were recorded in situ using data loggers. Temporal changes in plasma sex steroid hormones (testosterone [T], 11‐ketotestosterone [11‐KT], and estradiol‐17β [E2]) and vitellogenin (Vtg), gamete development (histology), and organosomatic indices were highly associated with temporal water temperature and photoperiod dynamics. Female plasma concentrations of T and E2 and organosomatic indices exhibited similar temporal patterns, with peaks occurring in early summer. Gamete development in females was associated with increases in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and Vtg. In males, plasma concentrations of T and organosomatic indices exhibited bimodal peaks; high peaks occurred in the spring for T and GSI and in the fall for viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices. Male gamete development and GSI closely tracked temporal patterns in plasma T, with GSI lagging behind the T cycle by approximately one sampling period. Plasma concentrations of 11‐KT were elevated in late winter and spring and were considerably higher than T throughout the reproductive cycle. Unlike the Florida largemouth bass (M. salmoides floridanus) advanced gamete development was observed in both sexes before winter, which may reduce the immediate energy required for gamete development in the spring. Results from this study also provide baseline information necessary for off‐season spawning procedures and endocrine‐disruption studies in northern largemouth bass.
Partial replacement of pork fat by Echium oil in reduced sodium bologna sausages: technological, nutritional and stability implications
Authors: Pires Manoela A , Rodrigues Isabela , Barros Julliane C , Carnauba Gabriela , de Carvalho Francisco AL , Trindade Marco A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present research aimed to evaluate the nutritional, technological, microstructural and sensory characteristics of bologna sausages made with pork fat replaced with Echium oil. Three different treatments were processed, all of them with approximately 35% less sodium than a regular bologna‐type sausage: Control (only pork backfat addition) and T25 and T50 (replacement of 25 and 50% of the added animal fat with Echium oil respectively).RESULTSProximate composition, texture profile analysis, fatty acid profile and microstructure were evaluated to characterize the products. In refrigerated storage, the following characteristics were assessed: thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) index, objective color, pH value, microbiological counts and sensory acceptance. Both samples with Echium oil (T25 and T50) showed a healthier lipid profile, with high omega‐3 content, mainly from α‐linolenic and stearidonic fatty acids, consequently presenting better (P ≤ 0.05) values of nutritional indices than the Control. However, the replacement of 50% animal fat with Echium oil negatively affected (P ≤ 0.05) most of the technological characteristics and the sensory acceptance of bolognas. In contrast, the treatment with 25% replacement did not show significant differences in most of the evaluated parameters compared with the Control sample.CONCLUSIONThus the replacement of 25% of pork backfat with Echium oil in bologna sausages can be recommended, representing a good balance between nutritional gains and sensory impairment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in total lymphocyte count and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio after curative pancreatectomy in patients with pancreas adenocarcinoma and their prognostic role
Authors: Kim Eun Y. , Hong Tae H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo assess the prognostic significance of postoperative changes in immune status represented by total lymphocyte count (TLC) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in resectable pancreatic cancer.MethodsPatients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were divided into high and low groups according to cut‐off values of TLC, and NLR measured preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and 1 or 6 months after surgery. Oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups at different times, and prognostic roles of TLC and NLR were evaluated.ResultsOf 193 patients, the median follow‐up time was 22 months, and median survival was 18 months. Their immunologic status deteriorated within 3 to 4 days after the operation and recovered after that. At 1 and 6 months postoperatively, overall survival rates were significantly lower in the group with high NLR (>2.535 and >3.21, respectively) and low TLC (<1.66 × 109 and <1.62 × 109/L, respectively). In multiple regression analyses, elevated NLR at postoperative 1 and 6 months and decreased TLC at postoperative 1 month were significant prognosis predictors.ConclusionsChanges in immune status such as decreased TLC and elevated NLR at postoperative 1 and 6 months are effective prognostic predictors after curative pancreatectomy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Polymorphisms of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5: Head and neck cancer and cigarette consumption intensity in a Brazilian population
Authors: Silva Mariana R. , Gattás Gilka J. F. , De Antonio Juliana , Firigato Isabela , Curioni Otávio A. , Gonçalves Fernanda de Toledo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCigarette consumption has been identified as the main non‐etiological factor in head and neck cancer (HNC) development. One of the main compounds in cigarettes is nicotine, which binds directly to nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) in the body, which are encoded by different genes of the CHRNA family. Polymorphisms in some of these genes have been studied in relation to the risk of HNC and cigarette consumption intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there were associations between the CHRNA3 (rs578776) and CHRNA5 (rs16969968) polymorphisms and HNC risk and between the polymorphisms and the intensity of cigarette consumption.MethodsA total of 1,067 individuals from Heliopolis Hospital in São Paulo were investigated, including 619 patients with HNC and 448 patients without diagnosed tumors. All participants answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic information and cigarette consumption data. The polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan genotyping by real‐time PCR.ResultsThe polymorphisms studied, rs578776 (CHRNA3) and rs16969968 (CHRNA5), did not have an association with HNC risk, but the rs16969968 homozygous genotype was associated with increased cigarette consumption intensity (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.05–3.58).ConclusionThe polymorphism CHRNA5 can be considered an indirect risk factor for neoplasms in these Brazilian samples when cigarette consumption increased.
500 GHz CMOS heterodyne imager adopting fourth subharmonic passive mixer
Authors: Choi Kyung‐Sik , Park Dae‐Woong , Utomo Dzuhri Radityo , Lee Sang‐Gug 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 500 GHz heterodyne imager adopting a source‐driven fourth subharmonic single balanced resistive mixer is implemented in 65‐nm CMOS technology. The adopted passive mixer improves the port‐to‐port isolation and minimizes the input matching loss. At an LO power of 5 dBm, the imager achieves a conversion loss and double sideband noise figure of 30.2 dB and 51 dB, respectively, which corresponds to −93 dBm and 15.8 fW/Hz0.5 of sensitivity and the effective noise equivalent power, respectively, assuming a noise bandwidth of 1 kHz. To the best of authors' knowledge, the proposed work is the highest frequency implementation as a CMOS‐based heterodyne imagers adopting resistive mixers.
Assessing localized dosimetric effects due to unplanned gas cavities during pelvic MR‐guided radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Shortall Jane , Vasquez Osorio Eliana , Chuter Robert , McWilliam Alan , Choudhury Ananya , Kirkby Karen , Mackay Ranald , van Herk Marcel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeIt has been proposed that beam modulation and opposing beam configurations can cancel effects of the Electron Return Effect (ERE) during MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). However, this may not always be the case for unplanned gas cavities outside of the target in the pelvic region. We evaluate dosimetric effects, including effects in the rectal wall, due to unplanned spherical air cavities during MRgRT.MethodsNine virtual cuboid water phantoms containing spherical air cavities (0.5–7.5 cm diameter) and a reference phantom without air were created. Monte Carlo dose calculations of 7 MV photons under the influence of a 1.5 T transverse magnetic field were produced using Monaco 5.19.02 Treatment Planning System (TPS) (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Cavities in the path of a single and multiple beam plans were considered. Dose distributions of phantoms with and without air cavities were compared (ΔD%) using a spherical coordinate system originating in the center of the cavity. Effects in the rectal wall were quantified by comparing dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters for solid and gaseous filling from simulated rectal wall structures.ResultsMax(ΔD%) of ~70% and 20% were observed around large cavities in the path of a single and multiple beam plans, respectively. Approximately 45 cm3 of phantom surrounding the largest cavity in a single beam received dose changes of >10%. Dmean in the rectal wall was unchanged when comparing gaseous and solid filling in the path of a single beam; however, D1cc and Dmax increased by up to ~45% and ~63%, respectively.ConclusionsUnplanned gas cavities in the path of a single beam during pelvic MRgRT with a 1.5 T transverse magnetic field cause dose changes which may impact toxicity in the rectal wall, depending on local dose and fractionation. Effects are reduced but not eliminated with a five‐beam plan.
On the capabilities of conventional x‐ray tubes to deliver ultra‐high (FLASH) dose rates
Authors: Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena , Esplen Nolan 
Published: October 2019

PurposeBy means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and indirect measurements, we have evaluated the maximum dose rates achievable with conventional x‐ray tubes and related them to FLASH therapy dose rates of >40 Gy/s.MethodsMonte Carlo models of two 160 kV x‐ray tubes, the 3‐kW MXR‐160/22 and the 6‐kW MXR‐165, were built in the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc code. The dose rate in a water phantom placed against the x‐ray tube surface, located at 3.7 and 3.5 cm from the focal spot for the MXR‐160/22 and MXR‐165 x‐ray tube, respectively, was calculated with DOSXYZnrc. Dose delivered with the 120‐kV beam in a plastic water phantom for the MXR‐160/22 was measured and calculated. Gafchromic EBT3 films were placed at 15 and 18 mm depths in the plastic water phantom that was irradiated with a low tube current of 0.2 mA for 30 s.ResultsThe maximum 160‐kV phantom surface dose rate was determined to be FLASH capable, calculated as (114.3 ± 0.6) Gy/s and (160.0 ± 0.8) Gy/s for the MXR‐160/22 and MXR‐165 x‐ray tubes, respectively. The dose rate in a 1‐cm diameter region was found to be (110.6 ± 2.8) Gy/s and (151.9 ± 2.6) Gy/s and remained FLASH capable to depths of 1.4 and 2.0 mm for the MXR‐160/22 and MXR‐165 x‐ray tube, respectively. The 120‐kV dose profiles measured with EBT3 films agreed with MC simulations to within 3.6% for regions outside of heel effect and at both measurement depths; this presented a good validation data set for the simulations of phantom surface dose rate using the 160‐kV beam.ConclusionsWe have indirectly determined that, with a careful experimental design, conventional x‐ray tubes can be made suitable for use in FLASH radiotherapy and dosimetry experiments.
Pellagra, an Almost‐Forgotten Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Diarrhea: More Prevalent Than We Think
Authors: Cao Shanjin , Wang Xiaodan , Cestodio Kristen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPellagra, caused by vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency, is traditionally described as dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (3D), and even death (4D) syndrome if not recognized and treated promptly. Although full‐blown pellagra with all 3D features has become rare, pellagra still exists, especially in high‐risk populations, which is actually more prevalent than we think. We report that a recently treated patient with the full spectrum of 3D clinical features of pellagra presents as chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology for 1 year. It reminds us that keeping a high index of suspicion and maintaining a broad differential diagnosis are critical for recognition and management of this potentially fatal but treatable condition.
Returning to our roots: The use of geospatial data for nurse‐led community research
Authors: DePriest Kelli N. , Shields Timothy M. , Curriero Frank C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the early 20th century, public health nurse, Lillian Wald, addressed the social determinants of health (SDOH) through her work in New York City and her advocacy to improve policy in workplace conditions, education, recreation, and housing. In the early 21st century, addressing the SDOH is a renewed priority and provides nurse researchers with an opportunity to return to our roots. The purpose of this methods paper is to examine how the incorporation of geospatial data and spatial methodologies in community research can enhance the analyses of the complex relationships between social determinants and health. Geospatial technologies, software for mapping and working with geospatial data, statistical methods, and unique considerations are discussed. An exemplar for using geospatial data is presented regarding associations between neighborhood greenspace, neighborhood violence, and children's asthma control. This innovative use of geospatial data illustrates a new frontier in investigating nontraditional connections between the environment and SDOH outcomes.