bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape‐dependent adhesion and endocytosis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on A7R5 aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Huang Ling‐Hong , Han Jin , Ouyang Jian‐Ming , Gui Bao‐Song 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interaction between nanohydroxyapatite (HAP) and smooth muscle cells is an important step in vascular calcification. However, the effect of the shape of HAP on adhesion and endocytosis to aortic smooth muscle cells has been rarely reported. Four different morphological HAP crystals (H‐Rod, H‐Needle, H‐Sphere, and H‐Plate) were selected to interact with rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7R5). Fluorescence‐labeled HAP was used to detect crystal adhesion and endocytosis and then pretreated with different endocytic inhibitors to explore the pathway of endocytotic crystals. The distribution of crystals inside and outside the cells and the crystal localization in lysosomes was observed through laser confocal microscopy. The effect of crystal on the cell cycle and the changes in the expression of phosphatidylserine, osteopontin, α‐actin, core binding factor alpha 1, and osterix on the surface of A7R5 cells were detected. The adhesion and endocytosis of HAP on A7R5 cells were closely related to crystal shapes and ranked as follows: H‐Plate > H‐Sphere > H‐Needle > H‐Rod. H‐Sphere and H‐Needle were internalized into the cells mainly via the clathrin‐mediated pathway, whereas H‐Plate and H‐Rod were internalized into the cells mainly via macropinocytosis. The endocytosed nano‐HAP was mainly distributed in the cell lysosome. The adhesion and endocytosis of HAP to A7R5 cells were positively correlated with the specific surface area, and contact area of HAP and negatively correlated with the absolute value of Zeta and contact angle of HAP. This study provided insights into the effect of crystal morphology on vascular calcification and its mechanism.
The response of reference evapotranspiration to climate change in Xinjiang, China: Historical changes, driving forces, and future projections
Authors: Dong Qing , Wang Weiguang , Shao Quanxi , Xing Wanqiu , Ding Yimin , Fu Jianyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReference evapotranspiration (ET0), which is an indicator of atmospheric evaporation demand over a hypothetical reference surface, is expected to alter along with global climate change. In this study, the changes and driving forces of historical ET0 and its future projections in Xinjiang, China, were comprehensively conducted. The trend analysis revealed that regional ET0 decreased significantly at a rate of −4.1 mm/year2 during 1961–1993 and increased at a rate of 3.4 mm/year2 during 1994–2010. To explore the possible causes, the contributions of major climatic variables to the ET0 trends were derived based on the differential equation method. During 1961–1993, the decreasing trend of ET0 was primarily ascribed to the wind speed. The integrated negative effect from the decrease in wind speed (U) and increase in relative humidity (RH) was more significant than the positive effect from the increase in air temperature (T), resulting in the decrease in ET0. During 1994–2010, combined with increasing T and decreasing RH, the increase in U offset the effect of the net radiation (Rn) decrease and led to an increase in ET0. Future ET0 projections over three periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099, which are named as 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively) were conducted based on the general circulation models under two representative concentration pathways scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A continuous increasing trend in ET0 was demonstrated in the 21st century. The increase in ET0 will increase the irrigated water resource consumption and bring new challenge to water resource management in this area.
A decision‐tree approach to seasonal prediction of extreme precipitation in eastern China
Authors: Wei Wenguang , Yan Zhongwei , Jones Phil D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeasonal prediction of extreme precipitation has long been a challenge especially for the East Asian Summer Monsoon region, where extreme rains are often disastrous for the human society and economy. This paper introduces a decision‐tree (DT) method for predicting extreme precipitation in the rainy season over South China in April–June (SC‐AMJ) and the North China Plain in July–August (NCP‐JA). A number of preceding climate indices are adopted as predictors. In both cases, the DT models involving ENSO and NAO indices exhibit the best performance with significant skills among those with other combinations of predictors and are superior to their linear counterpart, the binary logistic regression model. The physical mechanisms for the DT results are demonstrated by composite analyses of the same DT path samples. For SC‐AMJ, an extreme season can be determined mainly via two paths: the first follows a persistent negative NAO phase in February–March; the second goes with decaying El Niño. For NCP‐JA, an extreme season can also be traced via two paths: the first is featured by “non El Niño” and an extremely negative NAO phase in the preceding winter; the second follows a shift from El Niño in the preceding winter to La Niña in the early summer. Most of the mechanisms underlying the decision rules have been documented in previous studies, while some need further studies. The present results suggest that the decision‐tree approach takes advantage of discovering and incorporating various nonlinear relationships in the climate system, hence is of great potential for improving the prediction of seasonal extreme precipitation for given regions with increasing sample observations.
Effect of carbon dots with chitosan coating on microorganisms and storage quality of modified‐atmosphere‐packaged fresh‐cut cucumber
Authors: Fan Kai , Zhang Min , Fan Dongcui , Jiang Fangjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to inhibit microorganisms and improve storage quality of fresh‐cut cucumber, fresh‐cut cucumber was treated by carbon dots (CDs) from kelp/chitosan (CH) coating solution with CD concentrations of 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% and then packaged as well as stored at 4 °C for 15 days. The effect of CDs/CH coating on microorganisms and the quality of modified‐atmosphere‐packaged fresh‐cut cucumber during storage were investigated.RESULTSThe CDs was monodispersed spherical morphology with size distribution of 0.54–0.83 nm. Interaction of CDs and CH had the generation of strong hydrogen bond. Inhibition zone diameters of CDs/CH coating against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were enhanced with the increase of CD concentrations. Moreover, CDs/CH coating inhibited the growth of total number of colonies, mold, and yeast in modified‐atmosphere‐packaged fresh‐cut cucumber during storage. A coating of 4.5% CDs/CH effectively reduced the losses of weight, firmness, and total soluble solids, the degradation of ascorbic acid content and flavor, and inhibited peroxidases activity, as well as decreased water mobility in fresh‐cut cucumber during storage.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that a CDs/CH coating was helpful for inhibiting microorganisms and improving storage quality, and could be an effective method to prolong shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumber. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactive properties of greenhouse‐cultivated green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under biostimulants and water‐stress effect
Authors: Petropoulos Spyridon A , Taofiq Oludemi , Fernandes Ângela , Tzortzakis Nikos , Ciric Ana , Sokovic Marina , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel CFR 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe scarcity of irrigation water is severely affecting global crop production. In this context, biostimulants are increasingly used as alternatives means against abiotic stress conditions. In this study, phenolic compounds composition and bioactive properties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under water stress conditions and biostimulants application were investigated.RESULTSSixteen individual phenolic compounds were detected in both pods and seeds with a notable difference in their compositional profile. A significant effect on phenolic compounds content and composition was also observed for the biostimulants tested. Regarding the antibacterial activity, pods of the second harvest and seed extracts showed significant efficacy against Bacillus cereus, especially in water‐stressed plants, where all biostimulant treatments were more effective than positive controls. Moreover, all biostimulant treatments for seed extracts of water‐stressed plants were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus compared with ampicillin, whereas streptomycin showed the best results. Extracts from pods of the second harvest from normally irrigated plants showed the best results against the fungi tested, except for Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. Finally, no significant cytotoxic effects were detected.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the biostimulants tested increased total phenolic compounds content compared with control treatment, especially in pods of the first harvest and seeds of water‐stressed plants. Moreover, bioactive properties showed a varied response in regard to irrigation and biostimulant treatment. Therefore, biostimulants can be considered as a useful means towards increasing phenolic compounds content, and they may also affect the antimicrobial properties of pods and seeds extracts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ozone gas as a storage treatment to control Gnomoniopsis castanea, preserving chestnut quality
Authors: Vettraino Anna Maria , Bianchini Leonardo , Caradonna Valentina , Forniti Roberto , Goffi Valentina , Zambelli Marta , Testa Antonino , Vinciguerra Vittorio , Botondi Rinaldo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDChestnuts are gluten‐free, low‐fat, cholesterol‐free products. Postharvest decay reduces chestnut shelf life and can cause severe economic losses. In this study we investigated the effect of ozone (O3) gaseous treatment on chestnut rot caused by Gnomoniopsis castanea and the quality parameters of chestnuts.RESULTSThe results showed that ozone treatment (150 ppb during the day, and 300 ppb during the night) reduced the decay of chestnuts and had a fungistatic effect on isolates of G. castanea. The exposure of chestnuts to ozone did not alter weight losses, sugar content and titratable acidity. The concentration of total phenolics decreased during the storage period, both for treated and untreated nuts. However, after 150 days of treatment the polyphenol content of the chestnuts exposed to ozone was significantly higher than in control nuts.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that ozone is an appropriate and economical tool to maximize the quality of chestnut shelf life, enabling it to be stored for long periods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Epoxide‐derived mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases for separation of active substances in fixed‐dose combination drugs
Authors: Zhang Shuanghong , Wan Qian‐Hong , Li Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA method for the preparation of novel mixed‐mode reversed‐phase/strong cation exchange stationary phase for the separation of fixed‐dose combination drugs has been developed. An epoxysilane bonded silica prepared by vapor phase deposition was used as a starting material to produce diol, octadecyl, sulfonate, and mixed octadecyl/sulfonate groups bonded silica phases. The chemical structure and surface coverage of the functional groups on these synthesized phases were confirmed by fourier‐transform infrared and solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Alkylbenzene homologs, basic drugs, nucleobases and alkylaniline homologs were used as probes to demonstrate the reversed‐phase, ion exchange, hydrophilic interaction and mixed‐mode retention behaviors of these stationary phases. The octadecyl/sulfonate bonded silica exhibits pronounced mixed‐mode retention behavior and superior retentivity and selectivity for alkylaniline homologs. The mixed‐mode retention is affected by either ionic or solvent strength in the mobile phase, permiting optimization of a separation by fine tuning these parameters. The mixed‐mode stationary phase was applied to separate two fixed‐dose combination drugs: compound reserpine tablets and compound methoxyphenamine capsules. The results show that simultaneous separation of multiple substances in the compound dosage can be achieved on the mixed‐mode phase, which makes multi‐cycles of analysis for multiple components obsolete.
Application of Deep Learning in Quantitative Analysis of 2‐Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Cao Wen , An Xing , Cong Longfei , Lyu Chaoyang , Zhou Qian , Guo Ruijun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo verify the value of deep learning in diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by comparing 3 image‐processing techniques.MethodsA total of 240 participants were recruited and divided into 4 groups (normal, mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD groups), according to the definition and the ultrasound scoring system for NAFLD. Two‐dimensional hepatic imaging was analyzed by the envelope signal, grayscale signal, and deep‐learning index obtained by 3 image‐processing techniques. The values of the 3 methods ranged from 0 to 65,535, 0 to 255, and 0 to 4, respectively. We compared the values among the 4 groups, draw receiver operating characteristic curves, and compared the area under the curve (AUC) values to identify the best image‐processing technique.ResultsThe envelope signal value, grayscale value, and deep‐learning index had a significant difference between groups and increased with the severity of NAFLD (P < .05). The 3 methods showed good ability (AUC > 0.7) to identify NAFLD. Meanwhile, the deep‐learning index showed the superior diagnostic ability in distinguishing moderate and severe NAFLD (AUC = 0.958).ConclusionsThe envelope signal and grayscale values were vital parameters in the diagnosis of NAFLD. Furthermore, deep learning had the best sensitivity and specificity in assessing the severity of NAFLD.
Postoperative opioid‐prescribing practices in otolaryngology: A multiphasic study
Authors: Dang Sophia , Duffy Alexander , Li Jonathan C. , Gandee Zachary , Rana Tanvi , Gunville Brittany , Zhan Tingting , Curry Joseph , Luginbuhl Adam , Cottrill Elizabeth , Cognetti David 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesIn otolaryngology, postoperative pain management lacks evidence‐based guidelines. We designed a prospective, multiphasic study aimed to develop evidence‐based guidelines for postoperative pain management within our institution. In this first phase of our project, we investigated opioid prescription and consumption as well as pain trends for common otolaryngologic procedures.MethodsPatients (n = 161) who underwent procedures between July 2018 and February 2019 were surveyed on their postoperative opioid usage and pain from day of discharge to first clinic visit. Opioid prescriptions were converted to standardized units of morphine milligram equivalents (MME). The procedures selected for analysis were parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy, parotidectomy, sialendoscopy, and transoral robotic surgery resection (TORS).ResultsIn total, 19,748 MME were prescribed: 8,588 MME (43.5%) were used, leaving 11,159 MME (56.5%) unused. TORS average MME used: 221 ± 227; total MME unused: 38%. Sialendoscopy average MME used: 31 ± 46; total MME unused: 67%. Parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy average MME used: 30 ± 37; total MME unused: 66%. Parotidectomy average MME used: 43 ± 53; total MME unused: 65%. Male gender, smoking (current and former), and psychiatric medication use were positive predictors of opioid consumption in postoperative patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionAt our institution, over 50% of prescribed postoperative opioids went unused. This was most pronounced for nonmucosal surgeries. Postoperative pain management should account for this to minimize unnecessary opioid prescriptions. Based on our findings and review of current literature, we are in the process of developing prescribing recommendations to be implemented within our institution.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 130:659–665, 2020
Metabolic activity of cells in the macula flava of the human vocal fold from the aspect of mitochondrial microstructure
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐Ichi , Sato Kiminobu , Sato Fumihiko , Kurita Takashi , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThere is growing evidence to suggest that the cells in the maculae flavae of the vocal fold mucosa are tissue stem cells of the human vocal fold. This study investigated the metabolic activity of the cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold from the aspect of mitochondrial microstructure.Study DesignHistologic analysis of the human vocal folds.MethodsFive normal human adult vocal folds obtained from autopsy cases were investigated under transmission electron microscopy.ResultsMitochondria were randomly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells. The morphological features of the mitochondria consisted of a double‐membrane‐bounded body containing matrices and a system of cristae. In each mitochondria, the lamellar cristae were sparse. The intercristal space was occupied by a mitochondrial matrix which contained electron‐dense matrix granules, mitochondrial DNA, and ribonucleoprotein granules. Some mitochondria spread out over or fused to the surface of a lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. In addition, both the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes and the membranes of the lipid droplets had disappeared. Some close association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum was present.ConclusionsThe features of the mitochondria of the cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold suggested that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were low and that they may have shifted to the utilization of lipids to some extent for their metabolic needs.Level of EvidenceNA
Inhibition of Inflammation‐Associated Thrombosis with ROS‐Responsive Heparin‐DOCA/PVAX Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiang Zehong , Wang Yanming , Ma Zhifang , Xin Zhirong , Chen Runhai , Shi Qiang , Wong Shing‐Chung , Yin Jinghua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInflammation‐associated thrombosis is a non‐negligible source of mortalities and morbidities worldwide. To manipulate inflammation‐associated coagulation, nanoparticles that contain anti‐inflammatory polymer (copolyoxalate containing vanillyl alcohol, PVAX) and anti‐thrombotic heparin derivative deoxycholic acid (Hep‐DOCA) are prepared. The strategy takes advantage of the reducted side effects of heparin through heparin conjugation, achievement of long‐term anti‐inflammation by inflammation‐trigged release of anti‐inflammatory agents, and formation of PVAX/heparin‐DOCA nanoparticles by co‐self‐assembly. It is demonstrated that the Hep‐DOCA conjugate and PVAX are synthesized successfully; PVAX and Hep‐DOCA nanodrugs (HDP) are obtained by co‐assembly; the HDP nanoparticles effectively reduce the inflammation and coagulation without inducing lethal bleeding both in vivo and in vitro. The method provided here is versatile and effective, which paves new way to develop nanodrugs to treat inflammation‐associated thrombosis safely.
The “String of Pearls” technique for increased surface area and lymphedematous fluid drainage in right gastroepiploic‐vascularized lymph node transfer: A report of two cases
Authors: Fan Kenneth L. , Black Cara K. , Song David H. , Del Corral Gabriel A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present our “String of Pearls” technique for upper and lower extremity lymphedema based off the right gastroepiploic artery. The entire laprascopically harvested omentum is placed through a longitudinal incision at the lymphedematous area, and anastomosed proximally, with additional distal venous outflow. This approach preserves the native lymphaticovenous architecture, distributes free lymphatic tissue along the axis of the extremity, and allows for scar release. The additional vein serves to restore bidirectional physiologic drainage inherent in the omentum and providing further lymphaticovenous drainage. We present two cases of upper and lower extremity lymphedema as a result of malignancy treated using this method. The first case was a result of breast cancer in a 55‐year‐old female with orthotopically placed omentum, and the second case a result of malignant nodular fasciitis in the distal lower extremity in a 56‐year‐old female with distally placed omentum. No complications occurred. At 3 months follow up, there is a 25% and 28% reduction in lower and upper extremity volume, respectively, with no recurrent cellulitis episodes. The safety and feasibility of placement of the entire omentum longitudinally with additional venous anastomosis are apparent. However, long‐term studies are required.
Integrating Acoustic Telemetry into a Mark–Recapture Model to Improve Catchability Parameters and Abundance Estimates of Lake Sturgeon in Eastern Lake Erie
Authors: Withers Jonah L. , Einhouse Donald , Clancy Michael , Davis Lori , Neuenhoff Rachel , Sweka John 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Estimating abundances of rare fish species that exhibit low recapture rates can be challenging and can require decades’ worth of data to produce reliable results. However, when data sets are limited, auxiliary information used to fix model parameters may improve model outputs if that information is reasonably estimated. We collected mark–recapture data on 195 unique Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in eastern Lake Erie near the headwaters of the Niagara River between 2012 and 2018. We ran Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models with the POPAN formulation in Program R using the RMark package to estimate abundance within our study area. Initial model runs produced unreasonable parameters (e.g., &gt;99% survival). To improve our model, we integrated acoustic telemetry presence–absence data to calculate and fix catchability parameters in our model. Integrating acoustic telemetry-derived catchability parameters in our mark–recapture model produced adult abundance estimates (mean ± SE = 889 ± 184) that might not otherwise have been achieved given our relatively small data set and few recaptures. Our findings demonstrate the potential value of integrating reasonably estimated parameters generated by acoustic telemetry studies into mark–recapture.
Modeling branched and intersecting faults in reservoir‐geomechanics models with the extended finite element method
Authors: Liu Chuanqi , Prévost Jean H. , Sukumar N. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFaults are geological entities with thickness several orders of magnitude smaller than the grid blocks typically used to discretize geological formations. On using the extended finite element method (X‐FEM), a structured mesh suffices and the faults can arbitrarily cut the elements in the mesh. Modeling branched and intersecting faults is a challenge, in particular when the faults work as internal fluid flow conduits that allow fluid flow in the faults as well as to enter/leave the faults. By appropriately selecting the enrichment function and the nodes to be enriched, we are able to capture the special characteristics of the solution in the vicinity of the fault. We compare different enrichment schemes for strong discontinuities and develop new continuous enrichment functions with discontinuous derivatives to model branched and intersecting weak discontinuities. Symmetric fluid flows within the regions embedded by branched, coplanar intersecting, and noncoplanar intersecting faults are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed enrichment scheme. For a complex fault consisting of branched and intersecting faults, the accuracy and efficiency of the X‐FEM is compared with the FEM. We also demonstrate different slipping scenarios for branched and intersecting faults with the same friction coefficient. In addition, fault slipping triggered by an injection pressure and three‐dimensional fluid flows are modeled to show the versatility of the proposed enrichment scheme for branched and intersecting weak discontinuities.