bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Subcellular Targeted Cancer Therapy Based on Functional Materials
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hai , Luo Guo‐Feng , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, diverse functional materials that take subcellular structures as therapeutic targets are playing increasingly important roles in cancer therapy. Here, particular emphasis is placed on four kinds of therapies, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and hyperthermal therapy, which are the most widely used approaches for killing cancer cells by the specific destruction of subcellular organelles. Moreover, some non‐drug‐loaded nanoformulations (i.e., metal nanoparticles and molecular self‐assemblies) with a fatal effect on cells by influencing the subcellular functions without the use of any drug molecules are also included. According to the basic principles and unique performances of each treatment, appropriate strategies are developed to meet task‐specific applications by integrating specific materials, ligands, as well as methods. In addition, the combination of two or more therapies based on multifunctional nanostructures, which either directly target specific subcellular organelles or release organelle‐targeted therapeutics, is also introduced with the intent of superadditive therapeutic effects. Finally, the related challenges of critical re‐evaluation of this emerging field are presented.
The Marriage of the FeN4 Moiety and MXene Boosts Oxygen Reduction Catalysis: Fe 3d Electron Delocalization Matters
Authors: Li Zilan , Zhuang Zechao , Lv Fan , Zhu Han , Zhou Liang , Luo Mingchuan , Zhu Jiexin , Lang Zhiquan , Feng Shihao , Chen Wei , Mai Liqiang , Guo Shaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIron–nitrogen–carbon (Fe–N–C) is hitherto considered as one of the most satisfactory alternatives to platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Major efforts currently are devoted to the identification and maximization of carbon‐enclosed FeN4 moieties, which act as catalytically active centers. However, fine‐tuning of their intrinsic ORR activity remains a huge challenge. Herein, a twofold activity improvement of pristine Fe–N–C through introducing Ti3C2Tx MXene as a support is realized. A series of spectroscopy and magnetic measurements reveal that the marriage of FeN4 moiety and MXene can induce remarkable Fe 3d electron delocalization and spin‐state transition of Fe(II) ions. The lower local electron density and higher spin state of the Fe(II) centers greatly favor the Fe electron transfer, and lead to an easier oxygen adsorption and reduction on active FeN4 sites, and thus an enhanced ORR activity. The optimized catalyst shows a two‐ and fivefold higher specific ORR activity than those of pristine catalyst and Pt/C, respectively, even exceeding most Fe–N–C catalysts ever reported. This work opens up a new pathway in the rational design of Fe–N–C catalysts, and reflects the critical influence of Fe 3d electron states in FeN4 moiety supported on MXene in ORR catalysis.
X‐Ray‐Controlled Generation of Peroxynitrite Based on Nanosized LiLuF4:Ce3+ Scintillators and their Applications for Radiosensitization
Authors: Du Zhen , Zhang Xiao , Guo Zhao , Xie Jiani , Dong Xinghua , Zhu Shuang , Du Jiangfeng , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeroxynitrite (ONOO−), the reaction product derived from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−•), is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent that modulates complex biological processes and promotes cell death. Therefore, it can be expected that the overproduction of ONOO− in tumors can be an efficient approach in cancer therapy. Herein, a multifunctional X‐ray‐controlled ONOO− generation platform based on scintillating nanoparticles (SCNPs) and UV‐responsive NO donors Roussin's black salt is reported, and consequently the mechanism of their application in enhanced therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy is illustrated. Attributed to the radioluminescence and high X‐ray‐absorbing property of SCNPs, the nanocomposite can produce NO and O2−• simultaneously when excited by X‐ray irradiation. Such simultaneous release of NO and O2−• ensures the efficient X‐ray‐controlled generation of ONOO− in tumors. Meanwhile, the application of X‐rays as the excitation source can achieve better penetration depth and induce radiotherapy in this nanotherapeutic platform. It is found that the X‐ray‐controlled ONOO−‐generation platform can efficiently improve the radiotherapy efficiency via directly damaging DNA, downregulating the expression of the DNA‐repair enzyme, and overcoming the hypoxia‐associated resistance in radiotherapy. Therefore, this SCNP‐based platform may provide a new combinatorial strategy of ONOO− and radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment.
Construction of Porous Aromatic Frameworks with Exceptional Porosity via Building Unit Engineering
Authors: Li Meiping , Ren Hao , Sun Fuxing , Tian Yuyang , Zhu Youliang , Li Jialu , Mu Xin , Xu Jun , Deng Feng , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe construction of excellent porous organic frameworks (POFs) with high surface areas and stability is always a tremendous challenge in synthetic chemistry. The geometric configuration and reactive group of building unit are crucial factors to influence the structure and porosity of the resulting product. Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of two porous aromatic framework (PAF) materials, named PAF‐100 and PAF‐101, are reported via a strategy of building unit engineering. PAF‐100 and PAF‐101 present high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas exceeding 5000 m2 g−1 and uniform pore size distributions. Furthermore, PAF‐100 and PAF‐101 show high methane uptake with value of 742 and 622 cm3 g−1, respectively, at 298 K and 70 bar. The successful synthesis of PAFs with exceptional porosity from engineered building unit is powerful for constructing highly porous POFs.
Thermally Induced 2D Alloy‐Heterostructure Transformation in Quaternary Alloys
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Hachtel Jordan A. , Yang Xiting , Kutana Alex , Apte Amey , Jin Zehua , Vajtai Robert , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Lou Jun , Yakobson Boris I. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComposition and phase specific 2D transition metal dichalogenides (2D TMDs) with a controlled electronic and chemical structure are essential for future electronics. While alloying allows bandgap tunability, heterostructure formation creates atomically sharp electronic junctions. Herein, the formation of lateral heterostructures from quaternary 2D TMD alloys, by thermal annealing, is demonstrated. Phase separation is observed through photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy, and the sharp interface of the lateral heterostructure is examined via scanning transmission electron microscopy. The composition‐dependent transformation is caused by existence of miscibility gap in the quaternary alloys. The phase diagram displaying the miscibility gap is obtained from the reciprocal solution model based on density functional theory and verified experimentally. The experiments show direct evidence of composition‐driven heterostructure formation in 2D atomic layer systems.
Roll‐to‐Roll Dyed Conducting Silk Yarns: A Versatile Material for E‐Textile Devices
Authors: Lund Anja , Darabi Sozan , Hultmark Sandra , Ryan Jason D. , Andersson Barbro , Ström Anna , Müller Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTextiles are a promising base material for flexible and wearable electronic applications such as sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. An essential component in such electronic textiles (e‐textiles) is electrically conducting yarns. Here, a continuous dyeing process is presented to convert an off‐the‐shelf silk sewing thread into a wash and wear resistant functional thread with a conductivity of about 70 S cm−1; a record high value for coated yarns. An aqueous ink based on the conducting polymer:polyelectrolyte complex poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is modified, to produce more than 100 m of dyed conducting threads, which are subsequently converted into e‐textiles by both hand weaving and machine embroidery. The yarns are resistant to abrasion and wear, and can be machine washed at least 15 times with retained electronic properties. The woven fabric is used to design a capacitive touch sensor which functions as an e‐textile keyboard.
A Bayesian Approach to Predict Solubility Parameters
Authors: Sanchez‐Lengeling Benjamin , Roch Loïc M. , Perea José Darío , Langner Stefan , Brabec Christoph J. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSolubility is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many aspects of material science. While solubility can be determined by considering the cohesive forces in a liquid via the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), quantitative structure–property relationship models are often used for prediction, notably due to their low computational cost. Here, gpHSP, an interpretable and versatile probabilistic approach to determining HSP, is reported. Our model is based on Gaussian processes, a Bayesian machine learning approach that provides uncertainty bounds to prediction. gpHSP achieves its flexibility by leveraging a variety of input data, such as SMILES strings, COSMOtherm simulations, and quantum chemistry calculations. gpHSP is built on experimentally determined HSP, including a general solvents set aggregated from the literature, and a polymer set experimentally characterized by this group of authors. In all sets, a high degree of agreement is obtained, surpassing well‐established machine learning methods. The general applicability of gpHSP to miscibility of organic semiconductors, drug compounds, and in general solvents is demonstrated, which can be further extended to other domains. gpHSP is a fast and accurate toolbox, which could be applied to molecular design for solution processing technologies.
Balance Between Light Absorption and Recombination Losses in Solution‐Processed Small Molecule Solar Cells with Normal or Inverted Structures
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Lee Hang Ken , Proctor Christopher M. , Ford Michael , Liu Xiaofeng , Burgers Mark A. , Lee Jaechol , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComparison of the photovoltaic properties of F3:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells (where F3 is a donor molecule of intermediate dimensions) with normal and inverted structures as a function of photoactive layer thickness is carried out by using optical modeling and light‐dependent photoelectrical characterization. The larger short circuit current of inverted devices can be explained by higher light absorption in the active layer, relative to normal devices. However, worse charge extraction conditions and trap‐assisted recombination, in the bulk heterojunction blend in inverted devices, give rise to larger nongeminate recombination losses and an opposite thickness dependence of the short circuit current and fill factor than what is observed in counterparts with the conventional device architecture.
Flexible 3D Interlocking Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cha Hyungyeon , Lee Yoonji , Kim Junhyeok , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHighly deformable and advanced flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are considered to be a promising power source for flexible electronics. However, despite tremendous efforts to achieve flexibility, battery performance still lags behind the commercial standards. Here, a flexible 3D interlocking LIB via a one‐step patterning process of a preassembled cell under industrial electrode fabrication conditions, to satisfy commercial viability, is demonstrated. The 3D interlocking full‐cell with a high electrode loading level demonstrates excellent cycle performance without any degradation during the 5000 times flexing process. The tightly connected cathode and anode increase the contact area and prevent the current issues of flexible batteries such as delamination, electrode cracking, and lithium plating. This study on flexible batteries therefore suggests the 3D interlocked architecture lends itself to the design of highly deformable energy storage devices.
Extending the Service Life of High‐Ni Layered Oxides by Tuning the Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Li Jianyu , Li Wangda , You Ya , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs a high‐energy‐density cathode for Li‐ion batteries, high‐Ni layered oxides, especially with ultrahigh Ni‐content, suffer from short lifespans, due in part to their unstable electrode–electrolyte interphase (EEI). Herein, the cycle life of LiNi0.94Co0.06O2 is greatly extended by manipulating the EEI with a lithium bis(oxalate) (LiBOB) additive even when operated at a moderately high voltage (4.4 V vs Li/Li+). Impressively, the capacity retention can be increased from 61 to 80% after 500 cycles in a full cell paired with a graphite anode. Additionally, the presence of LiBOB enables a robust boron‐ and oxygen‐enriched EEI that effectively inhibits continual electrolyte decomposition and offers a stable cathode surface. Moreover, the layered architecture of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) and the anode–electrolyte interphase (AEI) at the nanometer scale is revealed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that the cathode surface chemistry can significantly influence the AEI both chemically and physically, and AEI is modified from a thick “three‐layer” to a thin “two‐layer” architecture by tuning the cathode surface chemistry with LiBOB. This work presents a correlation between the EEI characteristics and battery performance and highlights the significance of manipulating surface chemistry in developing stable high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries.
Entropy Engineering of SnTe: Multi‐Principal‐Element Alloying Leading to Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and State‐of‐the‐Art Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Hu Lipeng , Zhang Yang , Wu Haijun , Li Junqin , Li Yu , Mckenna Myles , He Jian , Liu Fusheng , Pennycook Stephen John , Zeng Xierong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe core effects of high entropy alloys distinguish high entropy alloying from ordinary multielement doping, allowing for a synergy of band structure and microstructure engineering. Here, a systematic synthesis, structural, theoretical, and thermoelectric study of multi‐principal‐element‐alloyed SnTe is reported. Toward high thermoelectric performance, the entropy of mixing needs to be high enough to make good use of the core effects, yet low enough to minimize the degradation of carrier mobility. It is demonstrated that high entropy of mixing extends the solubility limit of Mn while retaining the lattice symmetry, the enhanced Mn content elicits multiscale microstructures. The resulting ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.32 W m−1 K−1 at 900 K in (Sn0.7Ge0.2Pb0.1)0.75Mn0.275Te is not only lower than the amorphous limit of SnTe but also comparable to those thermoelectric materials with complex crystal structures and strong anharmonicity. Co‐alloying of (Sn,Ge,Pb,Mn) also enhances band convergence and band effective mass, yielding good power factors. Further tuning of the Sn excess yields a state‐of‐the‐art zT ≈1.42 at 900 K in (Sn0.74Ge0.2Pb0.1)0.75Mn0.275Te. In view of the simple face‐centered‐cubic structure of SnTe‐based alloys, these results attest to the efficacy of entropy engineering toward a new paradigm of high entropy thermoelecrics.
Epidemic cycles and environmental pressure in colonial Quebec
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Gailey Samantha , Hallman Stacey , Amorevieta‐Gentil Marilyn , Dillon Lisa , Gagnon Alain 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesResearch on historical populations in Europe finds that infectious disease epidemics appear to induce predictable cycles in age‐specific mortality. We know little, however, about whether such cycles also occurred in less dense founder populations of North America. We used high‐quality data on the Quebecois population from 1680 to 1798 to examine the extent to which age‐specific mortality showed predictable epidemic cycles. We further examined whether environmental pressures—temperature, lack of precipitation, or crop failure—may have set the stage for the emergence of epidemics.MethodsWe applied autoregressive, integrated, moving average time series methods to annual counts of period mortality for the following age groups: < 1 year, 1 to < 5 years, 5 to < 15 years, 15 to < 50 years, and 50 years and above. These methods controlled for other patterns (e.g., trend) before empirically identifying cycles.ResultsResults indicate a strong seven‐year cycle in mortality among infants and children under seven years of age. Warm temperatures (across Quebec overall) and relatively dry years (in Eastern Quebec) also predicted an increased risk of mortality in infancy and childhood, although these environmental variables appear to act independently of the epidemic cycle pattern.DiscussionFindings indicate a strong seven‐year epidemic cycle in historical Quebec which afflicted naïve birth cohorts not previously exposed to the prior epidemic. We contend that smallpox epidemics likely contributed to this cycle. The seven‐year cycle occurred only in the latter half of the test period (post 1740) with increasing size of the colony and population concentration in urban areas.
Vitamin D and folate: A reciprocal environmental association based on seasonality and genetic disposition
Authors: Lucock Mark , Thota Rohith , Garg Manohar , Martin Charlotte , Jones Patrice , Furst John , Yates Zoe , Jablonski Nina G. , Chaplin George , Veysey Martin , Sutherland Jessie M. , Beckett Emma 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was (1) to elucidate any reciprocal seasonal relationship that might exist between red cell folate (RCF) and serum vitamin D3 Levels; (2) to explore whether folate‐related gene variants that influence/alter DNA‐thymidylate and methyl group biosynthesis modify any associations detected in objective 1; and (3) to consider whether these processes might influence reproductive success consistent with the “folate‐vitamin D‐UV hypothesis of skin pigmentation” evolutionary model.MethodsA large (n = 649) Australian cross‐sectional study population was examined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to genotype C677T‐MTHFR, C1420T‐SHMT, T401C‐MTHFD and 2R > 3R‐TS. RCF was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and vitamin D2 and D3 by HPLC.ResultsRCF and photosynthesized vitamin D3, but not RCF and dietary vitamin D2, exhibit a significant reciprocal association in spring and summer. Three folate genes (C677T‐MTHFR, C1420T‐SHMT, and 2R > 3R‐TS) strengthen this effect in spring, and another (T401C‐MTHFD) in summer. Effects are seasonal, and do not occur over the whole year.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with what might be required for the “folate‐vitamin D‐UV hypothesis of skin pigmentation” model. It suggests genetic influence in provision of one‐carbon units by 5,10‐methylene‐H4folate, may be an important factor in what appears to be a clear seasonal relationship between vitamin D3 and folate status.
How to perform first trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Reddy Maya , Springhall Edward Andrew , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , da Silva Costa Fabricio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPre‐eclampsia is a common condition that affects 2–5% of pregnancies and is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity, and cost to the healthcare system. In those at high risk for pre‐eclampsia, interventions such as aspirin intake have been shown to reduce prevalence of disease. However, to implement these interventions, it is essential that high‐risk women be identified early in pregnancy. A combined first trimester screening model for pre‐eclampsia that includes maternal history, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery Doppler and PlGF has been shown to be the most effective at identifying the population at greatest risk of pre‐eclampsia. This article will explore the most appropriate methods of measuring the components of first trimester screening and discuss the use of aspirin for prevention of pre‐eclampsia in pregnancy.
Total intravenous anesthesia vs inhaled anesthetic for intraoperative visualization during endoscopic sinus surgery: a double blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Little Michael , Tran Victor , Chiarella Angelo , Wright Erin D. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundBleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can impair visualization and delay surgical progress. The role that anesthetic technique may have on the quality of surgical field during ESS has been previously studied. However, meta‐analyses have deemed the current literature inconclusive and lacking methodological consistency. This study was designed with these critiques in mind to assess the effect of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) vs inhaled anesthetic on the quality of the surgical field during ESS.MethodsThis study was a double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial of 30 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 1 or 2 undergoing bilateral ESS for the primary diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. In addition to standard techniques to minimize blood loss, study patients were randomized to maintenance anesthesia with intravenous propofol or inhaled desflurane. Anesthetic depth was standardized using bispectral index (BIS). The primary outcome measured was the Wormald grading scale to assess the endoscopic surgical field.ResultsThe use of TIVA was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mean Wormald score compared to desflurane (4.21 vs 5.53, p = 0.024). Mean Boezaart score was also lower in the TIVA arm (2.18 vs 2.76, p = 0.034). Experimental groups were homogeneous in all compared baseline characteristics. Secondary outcomes including surgical duration, time to extubation, and estimated blood loss were not found to be statistically significant between experimental groups.ConclusionEven with all other factors implemented to optimize the surgical field, utilization of TIVA vs inhaled anesthetic still resulted in a statistically significant improvement in surgical field during ESS.
Sentinels at the wall: epithelial‐derived cytokines serve as triggers of upper airway type 2 inflammation
Authors: Patel Neil N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Maina Ivy W. , Workman Alan D. , Herbert De'Broski R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated an expanding role of respiratory epithelial cells in immune surveillance and modulation. Studies have been focusing on the earliest events that link epithelial injury to downstream inflammatory responses. Cytokines produced by and released from respiratory epithelial cells are among these early trigger signals. Epithelial‐derived cytokines, namely thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)‐25, and IL‐33, have come to the forefront of recent investigations. Each of these 3 cytokines has been implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, and atopy. Herein we review studies elucidating the roles of epithelial‐derived cytokines in the pathobiology of upper airway disease, with particular emphasis on type 2 inflammatory conditions.