bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Sicile et les îles voisines dans les portulans de Pîrî Re’îs (1521-1526)
Authors: Bacqué-Grammont Jean-Louis , Bresc Henri 
Published: April 2018

Pîrî Re’îs, marin ottoman et écrivain nautique, né entre 1460 et 1470 dans une famille de corsaires, exécuté en 1553, a écrit le Kitâb-ı Bahriyye, «Livre des choses de la mer» , portulan illustré de cartes des côtes et des îles de la Méditerranée dont deux versions sont conservées, celle de 1521 et celle de 1526. Il s’insère dans une longue tradition de géographes et de cartographes siciliens (al-Idrîsî qui écrit entre 1154 et 158 à partir des fiches de l’Amirauté), puis italiens, auteurs de portulans (Liber de existencia, Compasso da navigare, portulan de Grazia Pauli, Parma-Magliabecchi et Rizo). La publication, par courts paragraphes, du texte et de la traduction des deux textes turcs qui décrivent le littoral sicilien, permet de comprendre de quelle manière Pîrî Re’îs travaillait : à partir des documents nautiques saisis à bord de prises et des interrogatoires de prisonniers en 1521, puis à partir du texte du portulan Rizo en 1526. Dans le même souci de méthode comparative, suit la publication des textes des portulans italiens, de la traduction française du Kitâb-ı Bahriyye par Cardonne (1765) et des traductions françaises du portulan Rizo.
L’ensemble met en lumière la qualité du texte de Pîrî Re’îs, oeuvre de réflexion et de synthèse, géographie de cabinet qui perçoit l’originalité sicilienne, l’existence des
caricatori, points de chargement du grain, et la dissociation entre la qualité des ports et leur activité commerciale. Il souligne aussi les apports du marin ottoman et ses observations personnelles, descriptions des mouillages et des passages dangereux, souvenirs des opérations de course et réflexions sur les conditions d’une éventuelle conquête de la Sicile. deux textes turcs qui décrivent le littoral sicilien, permet de comprendre de quelle manière Pîrî Re’îs travaillait : à partir des documents nautiques saisis à bord de prises et des interrogatoires de prisonniers en 1521, puis à partir du texte du portulan Rizo en 1526. Dans le même souci de méthode comparative, suit la publication des textes des portulans italiens, de la traduction française du Kitâb-ı Bahriyye par Cardonne (1765) et des traductions françaises du portulan Rizo.
L’ensemble met en lumière la qualité du texte de Pîrî Re’îs, oeuvre de réflexion et de synthèse, géographie de cabinet qui perçoit l’originalité sicilienne, l’existence des
caricatori, points de chargement du grain, et la dissociation entre la qualité des ports et leur activité commerciale. Il souligne aussi les apports du marin ottoman et ses observations personnelles, descriptions des mouillages et des passages dangereux, souvenirs des opérations de course et réflexions sur les conditions d’une éventuelle conquête de la Sicile.
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein
Authors: Brits Hanneke , Adendorff Jeanie , Huisamen Dyanti , Beukes Dahne , Botha Kristian , Herbst Hanre , Joubert Gina 
Published: April 2018

Background: Neonatal jaundice affects one in two infants globally. The jaundice is the result of an accumulation of bilirubin as foetal haemoglobin is metabolised by the immature liver. High serum levels of bilirubin result in lethargy, poor feeding and kernicterus of the infant.Aim: The main aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and secondly to explore its risk factors in healthy term neonates.Setting: Maternity ward, National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers and infants were conveniently sampled after delivery and before discharge. The mothers were interviewed and their case records were reviewed for risk factors for neonatal jaundice and the clinical appearance and bilirubin levels of the infants were measured with a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter.Results: A total of 96 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies.Conclusion: More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. As it is difficult to clinically diagnose neonatal jaundice in darker pigmented babies, it is recommended that the bilirubin level of all babies should be checked with a non-invasive bilirubin meter before discharge from hospital or maternity unit as well as during the first clinic visit on day 3 after birth.
Assessment of nurses’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills within three district hospitals in Botswana
Authors: Rajeswaran Lakshmi , Cox Megan , Moeng Stoffel , Tsima Billy M. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Nurses are usually the first to identify the need for and initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on patients with cardiopulmonary arrest in the hospital setting. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been shown to reduce in-hospital deaths when received from adequately trained health care professionals.Aim: We aimed to investigate nurses’ retention of CPR knowledge and skills at district hospitals in Botswana.Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted at three hospitals in Botswana. A pre-test, intervention, post-test, and a re-test after 6 months were utilised to determine the retention of CPR knowledge and skills. Non-probability, convenience sampling technique was used to select 154 nurses.The sequences of the test were consistent with the American Heart Association’s 2010 basic life support (BLS) guidelines for health care providers. Data were analysed to compare performance over time.Results: This study showed markedly deficient CPR knowledge and skills among registered nurses in the three district hospitals. The pre-test knowledge average score (48%) indicated that the nurses did not know the majority of the BLS steps. Only 85 nurses participated in the re-evaluation test at 6 months. While a 26.4% increase was observed in the immediate post-test score compared with the pre-test, the performance of the available participants dropped by 14.5% in the re-test 6 months after the post-test.Conclusion: Poor CPR knowledge and skills among registered nurses may impede the survival and management of cardiac arrest victims. Employers and nursing professional bodies in Botswana should encourage and monitor regular CPR refresher courses.
The link between Internet investor relations and information asymmetry
Authors: Nel George F. , Smit Eon , Brummer Leon M. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Information asymmetry manifests when one party has more or better information than the other. Information asymmetry is said not only to increase transaction costs and decrease liquidity, but also to diminish the quality of the investment decisions taken by investors, thus weakening the overall functioning of markets. Aim and setting: A well-developed Internet investor relations (IIR) strategy, coupled with increased disclosure levels, should theoretically decrease information asymmetry levels. The majority of related studies to date used either an indirect disclosure proxy or involved an examination of the annual report, and have used data from United States or European companies. Empirical studies to date have produced mixed results. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the quality of IIR (via corporate websites) and information asymmetry. Method: This study used data from Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)-listed companies. Multiple regression analysis was applied with information asymmetry as dependent variable and IIR as one of a set of selected explanatory variables. A self-constructed measurement instrument was used to measure IIR for a sample of 85 companies. Given the inherent difficulty with direct observation of information asymmetry, three different proxies were used to estimate information asymmetry. Results: A significant negative association was found between IIR and information asymmetry for all three information asymmetry proxies that were used: bid-ask spread, price impact, and analyst following. Conclusion: Empirical support is provided for the notion that companies may potentially benefit from a well-developed IIR strategy through reduced information asymmetry.
Diel fluctuations of viscosity-driven riparian inflow affect streamflow DOC concentration
Authors: Schwab Michael P. , Klaus Julian , Pfister Laurent , Weiler Markus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Diel fluctuations of stream water DOC concentrations are generally explained
by a complex interplay of different instream processes. We measured the light
absorption spectrum of water and DOC concentrations in situ and with high
frequency by means of a UV–Vis spectrometer during 18 months at the outlet of
a forested headwater catchment in Luxembourg (0.45 km2). We generally
observed diel DOC fluctuations with a maximum in the afternoon during days
that were not affected by rainfall–runoff events. We identified an increased
inflow of terrestrial DOC to the stream in the afternoon, causing the DOC
maxima in the stream. The terrestrial origin of the DOC was derived from the
SUVA-254 (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm) index, which is a good indicator
for the aromaticity of DOC. In the studied catchment, the most likely process
that can explain the diel DOC input variations towards the stream is the
so-called viscosity effect. The water temperature in the upper parts of the
saturated riparian zone is increasing during the day, leading to a lower
viscosity and therefore a higher hydraulic conductivity. Consequently, more
water from areas that are rich in terrestrial DOC passes through the
saturated riparian zone and contributes to streamflow in the afternoon. We
believe that not only diel instream processes, but also viscosity-driven diel
fluctuations of terrestrial DOC input should be considered to explain
diel DOC patterns in streams.
An Exploratory Investigation of New Entrant Motor Carriers' Longitudinal Safety Performance
Authors: Miller Jason , Saldanha John P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCommercial truck crashes cause thousands of fatalities and serious injuries every year in the United States. One aspect of motor‐carrier safety that has received limited attention, both theoretically and empirically, is the safety of new entrant motor carriers. This limited attention is surprising given regulators perceive new entrants as posing substantial safety concerns. This research seeks to fill this void by drawing on generative mechanisms from old institutional theory and population ecology to theorize that new entrants are likely to follow one of two safety trajectories. This complements prior work that has sought to explain safety differences between new entrants and established carriers. To test our theory, we collect longitudinal safety data from the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program for a large sample of new entrant carriers and fit a series of mixed‐effects models to estimate new entrants' safety trajectories. Our results provide corroborating evidence for our theorized trajectories and identify how one new entrant characteristic, size, affects these firms' safety trajectories.
Estimating the Relative Efficiency of Highway Safety Investments on Commercial Transportation
Authors: Tsai Yao‐Te , Swartz Stephen M. , Megahed Fadel M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHighway safety has been one of the most important public policy issues discussed in recent years. Accidents involving commercial vehicles result in many negative effects, both personal and economic. Although the numbers of highway accidents have been declining in the past decade, many people still suffer from the effects of severe highway accidents. As public policymakers struggle to improve safety on our highway system, they are looking for analytical tools to help them assess and leverage the impact of scarce public resources. This research effort used data envelopment analysis (DEA) for benchmarking the efficiency of public policy factors (regulatory and financial) known to have an influence on safety performance. The results of this research can provide objective safety performance and improvement recommendations for commercial transportation and therefore serve to be instructive to those states with lower levels of safety performance. Our findings suggest that government agencies could focus on more effective policymaking (emphasizing road condition improvement and capital outlay utilization vs. other investments) to reduce highway fatality rates.
Koncentračná zásada vs. zásada náležitého zisťovania skutkového stavu veci v slovenskom trestnom konaní
Authors: Romža Sergej 
Published: April 2018

Koncentračná zásada vo všeobecnosti, nastoľuje požiadavku, aby určité procesné úkony, procesné strany realizovali (uplatnili) – skoncentrovali v určitom procesnom štádiu a dokonca do určitého procesného momentu, ktorý môže byť naviazaný na rôzne procesné skutočnosti.Koncentračná zásada, osobitne nadobúda na význame, vo vzťahu k procesu dokazovania, keď zákonodarca v tejto súvislosti ustanovuje časový cenzus, teda dokedy môžu procesné strany navrhovať, resp. predkladať dôkazy. Pre správne pochopenie podstaty koncentračnej zásady, jej miesta a uplatnenia v trestom konaní, javí sa nevyhnutným objasniť jej súvzťažnosť k iným referenčným zásadám trestného konania a v tejto súvislosti osobitne k zásade náležitého zistenia skutkového stavu veci. Pri súčasnej koncepcii kreovania a hierarchie základných zásad trestného konania, žiada sa poznamenať, že zákonodarca priznáva zásade náležitého zistenia skutkového stavu veci privilegovaný status.
Uplatnění nutné obrany v souvislosti s realizací bezprostředních zásahů
Authors: Všetička Pavel 
Published: April 2018

Faktické úkony představují právně-teoretický pojem, jež v sobě zahrnuje různé specifické formy realizace veřejné správy, které bývají uplatňovány v mimořádných situacích, a to zpravidla namísto individuálních správních aktů. Jednu z forem faktických úkonů představují tzv. bezprostřední zásahy. Vzhledem k bezprostřední povaze této právní formy činnosti, je v průběhu jejich realizace vyloučena možnost přezkoumání zákonnosti postupu úředních osob prostřednictvím řádných opravných prostředků, tak jak je tomu v případě individuálních správních aktů. Z množiny záruk zákonnosti využívaných v oblasti veřejné správy je však v tomto případě možno za jistých okolností uplatnit kontrolu ze strany občanů, a to v podobě nutné obrany. Podobně ovšem i úřední osoby jsou v rámci plnění svých úkolů ve zvláštních případech oprávněny využít institutu nutné obrany.
Resultados de partos domiciliares planejados assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas
Authors: Santos Simone Silva dos , Boeckmann Lara Mabelle Milfont , Baraldi Ana Cyntia Paulin , Melo Manuela Costa 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais de partos domiciliares planejados assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo e de caráter quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 99 prontuários de mulheres que planejaram ter o parto domiciliar com enfermeira obstétrica. Resultados: verificou-se média de idade de 31,6 anos; a maioria tinha ensino superior completo, união estável e exercia atividade remunerada; 63,6% eram primíparas ou tinham apenas cesárea anterior; todas adotaram posições verticalizadas; 87,5% dos recém-nascidos tiveram contato pele a pele e amamentação precoce; todos tiveram clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical; e 98,7% apgar ≥7 no 5º minuto. Apenas 21,1% das mulheres e 1,2% dos recém-nascidos foram transferidos, todos com desfecho favorável. Conclusão: infere-se o parto domiciliar planejado como uma opção segura, e os resultados corroboram outros achados científicos que revelam uma assistência obstétrica de qualidade colaborando para a promoção do parto domiciliar no Brasil.
Regioselective and Stereoselective [3+3] Annulation of Ketones Derived Azomethine Ylides with 2‐Indolylethylenes: Direct Access to Highly Substituted Tetrahydro‐γ‐Carbolines
Authors: Liu Yang‐Zi , Shang Shao‐Jing , Zhu Jing‐Yan , Yang Wu‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA highly efficient asymmetric [3+3] annulation of ketones derived azomethine ylides with 2‐indolylethylenes is reported, which is achieved by catalytic Michael addition in the presence of Ag(I)/Ph‐Phosferrox complex and subsequent BF3 ⋅ Et2O promoted Friedel‐Crafts tandem reaction in a one‐pot process. This strategy addresses the challenge of selectivity between [3+2] cycloaddition and [3+3] annulation and exclusively affords a series of [3+3] cycloadducts, highly substituted tetrahydro‐γ‐carbolines in excellent yields (up to 99%), with excellent levels of regioselectivities and stereoselectivities (>20:1 rr, up to >20:1 dr; up to 99% ee).magnified image
Last male sperm precedence is modulated by female remating rate inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Laturney Meghan , van Eijk Roel , Billeter Jean-Christophe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFollowing multiple matings, sperm from different males compete for fertilization within the female reproductive tract. In many species, this competition results in an unequal sharing of paternity that favors the most recent mate, termed last male sperm precedence (LMSP). Much of our understanding of LMSP comes from studies in Drosophila melanogaster that focus on twice-mated females with standardized latencies between successive matings. Despite accumulating evidence indicating that females often mate with more than two males and exhibit variation in the latency between matings, the consequences of mating rate on LMSP are poorly understood. Here, we developed a paradigm utilizing D. melanogaster in which females remated at various time intervals with either two or three transgenic males that produce fluorescent sperm (green, red, or blue). This genetic manipulation enables paternity assessment of offspring and male-specific sperm fate examination in female reproductive tracts. We found that remating latency had no relationship with LMSP in females that mated with two males. However, LMSP was significantly reduced in thrice-mated females with short remating intervals; coinciding with reduced last-male sperm storage. Thus, female remating rate influences the relative share of paternity, the overall clutch paternity diversity, and ultimately the acquisition of indirect genetic benefits to potentially maximize female reproductive success.
How should HIV resources be allocated? Lessons learnt from applying Optima HIV in 23 countries
Authors: Stuart Robyn M , Grobicki Laura , Haghparast‐Bidgoli Hassan , Panovska‐Griffiths Jasmina , Skordis Jolene , Keiser Olivia , Estill Janne , Baranczuk Zofia , Kelly Sherrie L , Reporter Iyanoosh , Kedziora David J , Shattock Andrew J , Petravic Janka , Hussain S Azfar , Grantham Kelsey L , Gray Richard T , Yap Xiao F , Martin‐Hughes Rowan , Benedikt Clemens J , Fraser‐Hurt Nicole , Masaki Emiko , Wilson David J , Gorgens Marelize , Mziray Elizabeth , Cheikh Nejma , Shubber Zara , Kerr Cliff C , Wilson David P 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionWith limited funds available, meeting global health targets requires countries to both mobilize and prioritize their health spending. Within this context, countries have recognized the importance of allocating funds for HIV as efficiently as possible to maximize impact. Over the past six years, the governments of 23 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America have used the Optima HIV tool to estimate the optimal allocation of HIV resources.MethodsEach study commenced with a request by the national government for technical assistance in conducting an HIV allocative efficiency study using Optima HIV. Each study team validated the required data, calibrated the Optima HIV epidemic model to produce HIV epidemic projections, agreed on cost functions for interventions, and used the model to calculate the optimal allocation of available funds to best address national strategic plan targets. From a review and analysis of these 23 country studies, we extract common themes around the optimal allocation of HIV funding in different epidemiological contexts.Results and discussionThe optimal distribution of HIV resources depends on the amount of funding available and the characteristics of each country's epidemic, response and targets. Universally, the modelling results indicated that scaling up treatment coverage is an efficient use of resources. There is scope for efficiency gains by targeting the HIV response towards the populations and geographical regions where HIV incidence is highest. Across a range of countries, the model results indicate that a more efficient allocation of HIV resources could reduce cumulative new HIV infections by an average of 18% over the years to 2020 and 25% over the years to 2030, along with an approximately 25% reduction in deaths for both timelines. However, in most countries this would still not be sufficient to meet the targets of the national strategic plan, with modelling results indicating that budget increases of up to 185% would be required.ConclusionsGreater epidemiological impact would be possible through better targeting of existing resources, but additional resources would still be required to meet targets. Allocative efficiency models have proven valuable in improving the HIV planning and budgeting process.
Molecular weight variations in perylene‐doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Zaremba Daniel , Evert Robert , Kielhorn Jana , Jakobs Florian , Caspary Reinhard , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Johannes Hans‐Hermann 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntegrating highly efficient luminescent dyes into poly(methyl methacrylate) matrices with well‐defined parameters, such as degree of polymerization and dispersity, is a key step in the development of emerging technologies such as fiber‐based solar collectors, sensors, contactless coupling devices and integrated light sources. In this work, four perylene‐based fluorescent dyes, perylene from Sigma‐Aldrich, Lumogen F Yellow 083 from BASF, Perylene Orange from TCI and Lumogen F Red 300 from BASF, were polymerized in bulk with methyl methacrylate. The molecular weight distribution was controlled by the ratio between the chain transfer agent and initiator and was measured by size exclusion chromatography. A dopant‐dependent increase in the degree of polymerization, in which the dye causes a drop in the concentration of active growing polymer chains, was observed. Spectroscopic online monitoring of the process in transmission mode confirmed this observation and indicated the formation of stable perylene radicals during the polymerization. Comparative experiments with fluorescent (metal) organic dyes did not show a similar effect. Fitting models for the dye‐dependent molecular weights for Lumogen Yellow and Lumogen Red are proposed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry