bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vitrectomy Timing Individualization System for Ocular Trauma (VTISOT)
Authors: Han Longhui , Jia Jinchen , Fan Yiming , Yang Luyong , Yue Zhiqiang , Zhang Wei , Liu Fang , Kang Huanjun , Huo Tao , Han Shaolei , Shen Hua , Tian Genquan , Su Xuemin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOcular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness worldwide. Vitrectomy at correct timing can significantly improve the efficacy and prognosis, but the timing of vitrectomy has remained highly controversial for decades. Trauma cases are different from each other, thus, a flexible timing system based on the details of each individual case is recommended. Unfortunately, no such a timing system is available for clinical application up to now. To establish the vitrectomy timing individualization system for ocular trauma (VTISOT), we first identified 6 independent tPVR risk factors (including Zone 3 Injury, Zone 3 retinal Laceration, Massive Vitreous Hemorrhage, Retinal Disorder, Timing of Vitrectomy and Type of Injury) by retrospective study. Then, the tPVR score was established by binary logistic regression analysis. Most importantly and critically, the vitrectomy timing individualization system for ocular trauma was established based on the identified tPVR risk factors and the tPVR score. The following evaluation of the VTISOT showed that the patients consistent with the VTISOT principles exhibited reduced tPVR incidence and better surgical results. In short, the VTISOT principles were established, which may provide a new approach to individualize the timing of vitrectomy and improve the prognosis after trauma.
Valosin-containing protein mediates the ERAD of squalene monooxygenase and its cholesterol-responsive degron
Authors: Chua Ngee Kiat , Scott Nicola A. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Squalene monooxygenase (SM) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. SM degradation is accelerated by excess cholesterol, and this requires the first 100 amino acids of SM (SM N100). This process is part of a protein quality control pathway called endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). In ERAD, SM is ubiquitinated by MARCH6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, several details of the ERAD process for SM remain elusive, such as the extraction mechanism from the ER membrane. Here, we used SM N100 fused to GFP (SM N100-GFP) as a model degron to investigate the extraction process of SM in ERAD. We showed that valosin-containing protein (VCP) is important for the cholesterol-accelerated degradation of SM N100-GFP and SM. In addition, we revealed that VCP acts following ubiquitination of SM N100-GFP by MARCH6. We demonstrated that the amphipathic helix (Gln62–Leu73) of SM N100-GFP is critical for regulation by VCP and MARCH6. Replacing this amphipathic helix with hydrophobic re-entrant loops promoted degradation in a VCP-dependent manner. Finally, we showed that inhibiting VCP increases cellular squalene and cholesterol levels, indicating a functional consequence for VCP in regulating the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Collectively, we established VCP plays a key role in ERAD that contributes to the cholesterol-mediated regulation of SM.
LncRNA LOXL1-AS is up-regulated in thoracic aortic aneurysm and regulated proliferation and apoptosis of aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Huang Ben , Lu Shuyang , Lai Hao , Li Jun , Sun Yongxin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA LOXL1-AS is up-regulated in several types of cancers. The present study was carried out to explore the potential interactions between LOXL1-AS and lncRNA Giver in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We found that LOXL1-AS was up-regulated in TAA patients than in healthy controls in aortic media specimens. Altered expression levels of LOXL1-AS distinguished TAA patients from healthy controls. LncRNA Giver was also up-regulated in TAA patients than in healthy controls in aortic media specimens, and was positively correlated with LOXL1-AS. LOXL1-AS overexpression mediated the up-regulation of Giver in human aortic smooth muscle cells, while Giver overexpression failed to significantly affect LOXL1-AS. LOXL1-AS and Giver overexpression resulted in promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HAOSMC. Giver silencing played an opposite role and attenuated the effect of LOXL1-AS overexpression. Therefore, LOXL1-AS was up-regulated in TAA and regulated proliferation and apoptosis of LOXL1-AS by up-regulating Giver.
NLRP3 gain-of-function in CD4+ T lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Braga Tárcio Teodoro , Brandao Wesley Nogueira , Azevedo Hatylas , Terra Fernanda Fernandes , Melo Amanda Campelo L. , Pereira Felipe Valença , Andrade-Oliveira Vinicius , Hiyane Meire Ioshie , Peron Jean Pierre S. , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNLRP3 inflammasome [NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein) Pyrin-domain-containing 3 ] functions as an innate sensor of several PAMPs and DAMPs (pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns). It has been also reported as a transcription factor related to Th2 pattern, although its role in the adaptive immunity has been controversial, mainly because the studies were performed using gene deletion approaches. In the present study, we have investigated the NLRP3 gain-of-function in the context of encephalomyelitis autoimmune disease (EAE), considered to be a Th1- and Th17-mediated disease. We took advantage of an animal model with NLRP3 gain-of-function exclusively to T CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl). These mice presented reduced clinical score, accompanied by less infiltrating T CD4+ cells expressing both IFN-γ and IL-17 at the central nervous system (CNS) during the peak of the disease. However, besides NLRP3 gain-of-function in lymphocytes, these mice lack NLRP3 expression in non-T CD4+ cells. Therefore, in order to circumvent this deficiency, we transferred naive CD4+ T cells from WT, NLRP3−/− or CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl into Rag-1−/− mice and immunized them with MOG35–55. Likewise, the animals repopulated with CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl T CD4+ cells presented reduced clinical score and decreased IFN-γ production at the peak of the disease. Additionally, primary effector CD4+ T cells derived from these mice presented reduced glycolytic profile, a metabolic profile compatible with Th2 cells. Finally, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under a Th2-related cytokine milieu cocktail exhibited in vitro an increased IL-4 and IL-13 production. Conversely, naive CD4+ T cells from CD4CreNLRP3fl/fl mice under Th1 differentiation produced less IFN-γ and T-bet. Altogether, our data evidence that the NLRP3 gain-of-function promotes a Th2-related response, a pathway that could be better explored in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
A global view of the inner accretion and ejection flow around super massive black holes
Authors: Giustini Margherita , Proga Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Context.Understanding the physics and geometry of accretion and ejection around super massive black holes (SMBHs) is important to understand the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and therefore of the large scale structures of the Universe.Aims.We aim at providing a simple, coherent, and global view of the sub-parsec accretion and ejection flow in AGN with varying Eddington ratio,ṁ, and black hole mass,MBH.Methods.We made use of theoretical insights, results of numerical simulations, as well as UV and X-ray observations to review the inner regions of AGN by including different accretion and ejection modes, with special emphasis on the role of radiation in driving powerful accretion disk winds from the inner regions around the central SMBH.Results.We propose fiveṁregimes where the physics of the inner accretion and ejection flow around SMBHs is expected to change, and that correspond observationally to quiescent and inactive galaxies; low luminosity AGN (LLAGN); Seyferts and mini-broad absorption line quasars (mini-BAL QSOs); narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs); and super-Eddington sources. We include in this scenario radiation-driven disk winds, which are strong in the highṁ, largeMBHregime, and possibly present but likely weak in the moderateṁ, smallMBHregime.Conclusions.A great diversity of the accretion/ejection flows in AGN can be explained to a good degree by varying just two fundamental properties: the Eddington ratioṁand the black hole massMBH, and by the inclusion of accretion disk winds that can naturally be launched by the radiation emitted from luminous accretion disks.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 3 – aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der kurativen Behandlung von Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen: Eine Übersicht und Bewertung durch ein internationales Expertenpanel
Authors: Kolberg Hans-Christian , Schneeweiss Andreas , Fehm Tanja N. , Wöckel Achim , Huober Jens , Pontones Constanza , Titzmann Adriana , Belleville Erik , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wallwiener Markus , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Ettl Johannes , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Brucker Sara Y. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen in der kurativen Situation ist in vielfacher Hinsicht besonders. Hierbei ist die lokale Therapie mit Operation und Strahlentherapie zentraler Aspekt der Behandlung. Ziel ist eine komplette Elimination aller Tumorzellen am Ort der Primärerkrankung bei gleichzeitigem Bestreben, die Langzeitfolgen so gering wie möglich zu halten. Die immer weitere Reduktion der Radikalität der Lokaltherapie steht auch weiterhin im Blickpunkt. In Bezug auf die Systemtherapie haben sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten Chemotherapien mit Taxanen, Anthrazyklinen und teilweise auch platinhaltigen Chemotherapien etabliert. Der Kontext der Nutzung wird immer genauer definiert. Ebenso gibt es bei der antihormonellen Therapie Fragen, die auch nach Einführung der Aromatasehemmer immer noch weiter definiert werden müssen, wie beispielsweise die Länge der Therapie oder die ovarielle Suppression bei prämenopausalen Patientinnen. Letztendlich soll die Behandlung von frühen Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen immer personalisierter werden. Prognostische genexpressionistische Tests könnten möglicherweise Therapieentscheidungen unterstützen. Ebenso muss überlegt werden, wie ein möglicher Einsatz von neuen Therapien, wie Checkpoint-Inhibitoren und CDK4/6-Inhibitoren, in der Praxis aussehen könnten, sobald hier Studienergebnisse vorliegen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Hintergründen zu aktuellen Abstimmungen, die das internationale St.‑Gallen-Expertenpanel in Wien 2019 für aktuelle Fragen in der Behandlung von Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen in der kurativen Situation vorgenommen hat.
Efficacy and safety of over-the-scope clips for gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chandrasekar Viveksandeep Thoguluva , Desai Madhav , Aziz Muhammad , Patel Harsh K. , Gorrepati Venkata Subhash , Jegadeesan Ramprasad , Rai Tarun , Sathyamurthy Anjana , Murino Alberto , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro , Sharma Prateek 
Published: August 2019

Background The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has been increasingly utilized for the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Limited efficacy data are currently available from large-scale studies.
Methods An electronic database search was conducted for eligible articles using OTSCs for hemostasis in GI bleeding. The primary outcome was the rate of definitive hemostasis after primary hemostasis and without rebleeding at follow-up. Secondary outcomes were: primary technical success, primary clinical success, rebleeding, and failure rates. Pooled rates were expressed as proportions of patients with events over total patients, 95 % confidence limits (CI) with heterogeneity, and P values of < 0.05 for significance.
Results A total of 21 studies (n = 851) were analyzed (62.2 % males), with a median patient age of 69.7 years. The definitive hemostasis rate was 87.8 % (95 %CI 83.7 % – 92 %) after a median follow-up of 56 days. The OTSC was successfully deployed in 97.8 % of patients (95 %CI 96.7 % – 98.9 %) and the primary clinical success rate was 96.6 % (95 %CI 95.1 % – 98.2 %). Rebleeding was seen in 10.3 % of patients (95 %CI 6.5 % – 14.1 %). The failure rate of OTSCs was 9 % (95 %CI 5.2 % – 12.8 %) when used as first-line treatment and 26 % (95 %CI 16.1 % – 36.0 %) when used as second-line treatment.
Conclusion This systematic review showed high rates of definitive hemostasis, technical success, and clinical success, along with low rebleeding rates when OTSCs were used for the treatment of GI bleeding. The lack of randomized controlled trials of OTSC vs. other therapies makes comparison with conventional treatment difficult.
Global Use of Idarucizumab in Clinical Practice: Outcomes of the RE-VECTO Surveillance Program
Authors: Fanikos John , Murwin Debra , Gruenenfelder Fredrik , Tartakovsky Igor , França Lionel Riou , Reilly Paul A. , Kermer Pawel , Wowern Fredrik von , Lane Deirdre A. , Butcher Ken 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdarucizumab was approved for the reversal of dabigatran in 2015. We investigated whether postapproval usage patterns of idarucizumab in a real-world setting reflect those observed in the pivotal trials. No safety or efficacy data were collected in this medical record-based observational study. RE-VECTO, a global postapproval, international, surveillance program, involved hospital pharmacies in countries where idarucizumab was licensed and dispensed (August 2016–June 2018). Characteristics of sites prescribing idarucizumab and of eligible patients (≥ 18 years old and receiving idarucizumab regardless of prior oral anticoagulant use), as well as idarucizumab utilization data, were collected and analyzed descriptively. Sixty-one sites enrolled 359 patients. Most pharmacies (85.2%) were centralized, and the median idarucizumab units stocked per hospital was 2.0 (interquartile range, 1.0–3.0). Almost three-quarters of patients were elderly (74.9% aged > 70 years), and only four (1.1%) had received idarucizumab before. Nearly all patients were treated with dabigatran (97.5%). There was a low frequency of unapproved dabigatran dosage regimens (3.3%). Life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding was the most frequent indication for idarucizumab (57.7%), followed by emergency surgery/urgent procedure (35.9%). Of the life-threatening bleeding events, the most frequent were gastrointestinal tract (44.4%) and intracranial (38.6%). Most patients (95.0%) were given the full dose of two vials (2 × 2.5 g) of idarucizumab initially, and very few (1.7%) received a second dose. Of those patients requiring emergency or scheduled/planned surgery/procedures, 25.5% underwent gastrointestinal and/or abdominal surgery/procedures. Real-world usage patterns of idarucizumab provide valuable insights into emergency reversal strategies. Off-label use was minimal.
Transition between multimode oscillations in a loaded hair bundle
Authors: Wu Fuqiang , Wang Runxia 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the dynamics of an autonomous system for a hair bundle subject to mechanical load. We demonstrated the spontaneous oscillations that arise owing to interactions between the linear stiffness and the adapting stiffness. It is found that by varying the linear stiffness, the system can induce a weakly chaotic attractor in a certain region where the stable periodic orbit is infinitely close to a parabolic curve composed of unstable equilibrium points. By altering the adapting stiffness associated with the calcium concentration, the system is able to trigger the transition from the bistable resting state, through a pair of symmetric Hopf bifurcation, into the bistable limit cycle, even to the chaotic attractor. At a negative adapting stiffness, the system exhibits a double-scroll chaotic attractor. According to the method of qualitative theory of fast-slow decomposition, the trajectory of a double-scroll chaotic attractor in the whole system depends upon the symmetric fold/fold bifurcation in a fast system. Furthermore, the control of the adapting stiffness in the improved system with two slow variables can trigger a new transition from the bistable resting state into the chaotic attractor, even to the hyperchaotic attractor by observing the Lyapunov exponent.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 13 April 2020.
Motivations of the pilgrim to attend the annual pilgrimage of Hajj.
Authors: Yaqub M. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

This chapter demonstrates and explores the motivations of individuals attending the annual pilgrimage of Hajj in the holy cities of Makkah and Medina in Saudi Arabia. The chapter further highlights the development of the country from a commercial aspect as well as the use of modern technology to communicate and educate the pilgrim. Further developments are planned for the holy cities and the scope of this chapter is to highlight whether the motivations of the attendees are changing from pilgrim to tourist.
Culling.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Culling is a quality control procedure and as such is possibly one of the most important procedures to be carried out in the nursery. It ensures that only healthy and uniform nursery palms are maintained and these are likely to give the highest yields after planting in the field. A basic rule when inspecting plants is, 'If in doubt, pull it out!'. Off-type plants may be a result of poor growing conditions or inherent physiological or genetic disorders. Three rounds of culling are carried out during the main nursery period: the first prior to transplanting to the main nursery; the second at six months; and the third coinciding with transfer to the field or at 12 months, whichever comes earlier. This chapter describes guidelines and methods in culling application.
Pre-field genotypic screening and selection.
Authors: Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Rusfiandi H. , Forster B. P. , Sembiring E. H. , Subbarao A. S. , Zahara H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The advent of DNA screening in oil palm allows plants in the nursery to be screened for specific traits prior to potting-on and field planting, thus saving space and resources in the nursery and maximising field productivity by eliminating undesired genotypes. This has become particularly important in screening for shell type, i.e. in distinguishing Dura, Pisifera and Tenera palms at an early stage. In this chapter, we describe some of the basic features in DNA analysis from leaf sampling in the nursery to DNA extraction in the lab and various DNA analyses that may be performed either in-house or outsourced. The oil palm genome was sequenced in 2013 (Singh et al., 2013) and this has paved the way to develop DNA diagnostics for traits of interest. This is a fast-developing area. The chapter represents an introduction to DNA markers in oil palm and their application in the nursery. It does not provide step-by-step protocols, as this is the subject of another manual in this series (Anwar et al., in preparation).
The threat of the larger grain borer,
Prostephanus truncatus
(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and practical control options for the pest.
Authors: Muatinte B. L. , Kavallieratos N. G. , Boukouvala M. C. , García-Lara S. , López-Castillo L. M. , Mvumi B. M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

It is about 40 years since
Prostephanus truncatus
, a devastating pest of stored maize and dried cassava, was accidentally introduced into Africa from meso-America. Losses of stored maize at least doubled because of the destructive nature of the pest.
Prostephanus truncatus
management measures generated and recommended then worked at that time. However, the pest remains a serious threat to food security in developing tropical countries as it continues to spread to other geographical areas. This paper reviews the status of scientific knowledge of the pest and practical control options in the context of reductions in synthetic pesticide use; pesticide resistance management; and consumer, worker and environmental safety, and in the process, identifies research and development gaps. We present a scenario of the threat of
P. truncatus
on stored-maize grain and dry cassava chips and discuss, critically analyse the economic feasibility of control methods that have been generated and applied through scientific research. This review reveals a clear paucity of reliable data on economic analysis of most interventions, a critical factor for farmer adoption. A gap is also identified in the uptake of some of the developed technologies; mainly ascribed to affordability issues and a lack of evidence-based economic analysis under the user's circumstances. There is a lack of reliable national postharvest loss data based on the measurement and currently, the most robust loss estimates for sub-Saharan Africa are available on the African Postharvest Loss Information System (APHLIS) online platform. Any emerging
P. truncatus
control methods should be evaluated for efficacy and cost-effectiveness under realistic circumstances together with the target end-users of the methods to assess appropriateness.
Rapid and easy method for in vitro determination of transcription factor binding core motifs
Authors: Jinno Kyosuke , Kimura Wakana , Komatsu Mina , Miura Maiko , Sakaoka Satomi , Nomoto Mika , Tada Yasuomi , Morikami Atsushi , Tsukagoshi Hironaka 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We introduce a rapid method for easily elucidating transcription factor (TF) cis-elements by adopting a highly efficient in vitro protein synthesis method and identifying protein-DNA interactions using PCR. We determined two cis-elements for plant TFs using this method, and the results confirmed our method as an easy and time-saving alternative for elucidating TF cis-elements using common laboratory procedures.
Capillary rheometer for magnetic fluids
Authors: Allebrandi S M , van Ostayen R A J , Lampaert S G E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Magnetic fluids have been around since the 1940s. They come in different forms: magnetorheological fluids (MR fluids) and ferrofluids. MR fluids characterise themselves by having a large change in viscosity under the influence of a magnetic field. Ferrofluids have a significantly smaller change in viscosity, however ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions. After their discovery many applications followed, such as the MR clutch, magnetic damper and bearing applications, in which the fluids are subjected to ultra high shear rates. Little information is available on what happens to the rheological properties under these conditions. In general, the characteristics determined at lower shear rates are extrapolated and used to design new devices. Magnetic fluids have potential in the high tech and high precision applications and their properties need to be known in particular at shear rates around 106 s−1. Commercially available magnetorheometers are not able to measure these fluids at ultra high shear rates and are limited to 105 s−1. Therefore a new magnetorheometer is required to measure ultra high shear rates. In this paper the physical limitations of current measuring principles are analysed and a concept is designed for ultra high shear rate rheometry in combination with a magnetic field. A prototype is fabricated and the techniques used are described. The prototype is tested and compared to a state of the art commercial rheometer. The test results of the prototype rheometer for magnetic fluids show its capability to measure fluids to a range of 104 s−1–

s−1 and the capability to measure the magnetorheological effect of magnetic fluids.