bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Nutritional Behavior and Body Mass Indexes for Students of Age (17-25) Years In Baghdad, Iraq.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status for samples at the age of 17-15 years. These samples were taken from secondary schools and universities in Baghdad area, 123 of them were male and 261 were female. Data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in each individual.	Smaller sample of 215 individuals (male and female) from the original sample was taken in order to record their nutritional behavior and daily food intake during the 24 hours prior to the visit through personal meeting using special questionnaire.	The results showed that the weight and the height were within the range of the people of neighboring Arab countries, who are in the same age. Beside 44.4- 55.95% of these samples were within the normal weight using body mass index. Percentages of obesity and overweight were between 43.5- 6.5% for male and female respectively.	There was an increase in daily food intake in general for essential diet and energy indeed, as recorded in nutritional behavior. 67% of samples have their breakfast every day. There were 51% of the samples having snacks (additional meal) between the major meals everyday and 62% have beverages every day. Also high percentage of samples were having milk and its products, vegetables, fruits (as nutritional sources) every day and the percentages were 47%, 67%, 78% respectively.	In general their nutritional behavior and daily food intake were within the limits which showed by American recommended daily dietary, still there was some incorrect nutritional behavior which need more education and learning about nutrition.
Microbial Contamination in Some Commercial Biscuits in Baghdad City
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

This study has been conducted to know the level of microbial ( bacteria and fungi) contamination in 5 types of biscuits from local markets of Baghdad city. Fifty samples (ten sample for each kind of biscuit) were studed,Two are local,others are Iranian,Turkish,and Holandies.	The following results have been achieved :1.	The highest number of bacteria was 21.6×103 cell/g in Iranian biscuit while the lowest number was 14.3× 103 cell/g in local biscuit No.1 . The highest number of fungi was 16×103 colony/g and the lowest number was 5.3×103 colony/g in the Iranian and the local biscuit No.1,respectively.2.	Staphylococcus aureus was the major bacteria appeared at highest level of 100% in Turkish biscuit. The lowest percentage was found in Hollandian biscuit with 37.28%. Bacillus cereus was the major bacteria with a percentage of 100% in local biscuit No.2 where as the lowest was in local biscuit No,1with a percentage of 20.93%, while it was not existed in Turkish biscuit. Esherichia coli was found in Hollandian biscuit at highest rate of 38.98% , the lowest value was appeared in Iranian biscuit with 28.16% while it was not exited in local biscuit No.1,2 and Turkish biscuit.3.	Aspergillus niger appeared at highest level of 66.66% in Hollandian biscuit, while was the lowest 37.73% in local biscuit No.1 and not existed in local biscuit No.2, The highest value of A.flavus was 69.76% in local biscuit No.2 and the lowest value in Hollandian biscuit in percentage 8.33%. It has not appeared in Iranian and Turkish biscuit. The A. terreus appeared at highest rate in Turkish biscuit with 33.33% , the lowest value was in local biscuit No.2 at 11.62% and was not appeared in Hollandian biscuit.The Penicillium spp. Was found at highest rate 25% in Hollandian biscuit , the lowest value of 9.52% was appeared in Turkish biscuit.
Design of experiments and goodness-of-fit in comparison of velocity fields in curved open channel flow simulation
Authors: Gómez-Zambrano Hernán Javier , Toro-Botero F. M. , Gómez-Giraldo Andrés 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a methodology is suggested to evaluate the goodness-of-fit between observed and numerically predicted variables in curved open channel flows. The mathematical model uses the continuity and the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the RNG κ-ɛ turbulence model, numerically solved with the commercial software Ansys Inc. The concept of design of experiments (DOE) together with some criteria of goodness-of-fit was used in a new coherent suggested methodology for the calibration and validation of the numerical model. The goodness-of-fit criterion was applied to secondary flow variables like helicity, intensity of the secondary current and the vortex index instead of the primary variables like the velocity field and the free surface. This methodology guarantees that the numerical model reproduces values of the response variables very near to the observed values and it is valid for the mesh independence analysis and the setup of other numerical parameters, including those related to the boundary conditions.
Investigation of the potential of buffalo and couch grasses to grow on AFIs and for removal of nutrients from paper mill wastewater
Authors: Ayres J. R. , Awad J. , Burger H. , Marzouk J. , van Leeuwen J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe potential growth of buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and couch grass (Cynodon dactylon) on artificial floating islands (AFIs) and their ability to remove total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from a simulated paper mill wastewater was studied. This was done to assess the potential of AFIs for removal of nutrients from aerated stabilization basins (ASBs) that had occasional growth of blue-green algae (BGA) to bloom levels. Small scale AFIs were prepared using polyethylene foam and planted with the grasses in 30 L of tested water. Trials were conducted in a plastic covered greenhouse over a three-month period where temperatures ranged from 15 to 44 °C. The results showed that both buffalo and couch grasses can adapt to planting in AFIs showing increases of 125% and 148% in wet weight, respectively. Nutrient uptake by buffalo grass and couch grass were found to be similar. Percentage uptakes of TP and TN from the synthetic water by the buffalo grass were 82% and 47%, whereas by couch grass, uptakes were 83% and 45%, respectively.
Bone Metabolism Markers in Thalassemia Major-Induced Osteoporosis: Results from a Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Tsartsalis Athanasios N. , Lambrou George I. , Tsartsalis Dimitrios N. , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Vlachou Eugenia , Terpos Evaggelos , Chrousos George P. , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Kattamis Antonis 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Thalassemia major (TM) patients eventually face many new
health conditions, including endocrinopathies and low bone mineral density, usually
observed in the aging general population.

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the biomarkers of bone
remodeling in TM patients and to compare them with both osteoporotic and healthy
population, in order to investigate the new therapeutic paths.

Methods:
Sixty-four patients with TM (32 men and 32 women) participated in the study.
The patients were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar
spine and femoral neck and with markers of bone remodeling including receptor
activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal
telopeptide (CTX), and sclerostin. Results were compared with those from 12
postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 12 women with normal bone mineral
density.

Results:
The statistical analysis of the biochemical markers of bone metabolism
revealed overall significant differences between the three groups only for RANKL and
OPG/RANKL (p=0.049 and p=0.009). RANKL was higher and OPG/RANKL was lower in
TM patients compared to osteoporosis group.

Conclusion:
Patients with TM do not have a higher probability of suffering from
osteoporosis from the general population. However, some markers of osteoclast activity
differ between patients with TM and osteoporosis, indicating the possible differences in
terms of anti-osteoporotic treatment. The lack of significant differences among the three
groups in regards to the levels of CTX and sclerostin may indicate the potential efficacy
of the current osteoporotic treatment also for TM patients.
Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Intracellular Concentration of Ginkgolide A, B, C, and Bilobalide in Transporter-Expressing Cells
Authors: Yaro Peter , Nie Jing , Xu Mingcheng , Zeng Kui , Zeng Su 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Terpene lactones are major components of ginkgo biloba extract which are
used in cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. To study the involvement of transporters in the
transport/disposition of ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide, a bioanalytical assay was developed by LCMS/
MS system for the quantitation of intracellular levels of terpene lactones in cells expressing organic
cation transporter 2 (OCT2).

Methods:
The assay involved an optimized simple sample handling with methyl tert-butyl ether for
liquid-liquid extraction and reconstitution in modified dissolution solution. Pretreatment of samples
with 50 μM ascorbic acid and the addition of ascorbic acid and formic acid in dissolution solution significantly
reduced matrix effect and stabilized the postpreparative samples. Separations were performed
by Zobrax RRHD column (extend-C18 1.8μm, 3.0 x 100mm) and acetonitrile gradient elution. The
analysis was carried out in the negative ion scan mode using multiple reaction monitoring.

Results:
The method was validated for linearity (concentration range of 20-5000nM), accuracy
(±13.1%), precision (<11.0%), recovery (94.31–105.9%), matrix effect (93.8-111.0%) and stability.
Finally, the method was applied in the determination of intracellular concentrations of ginkgolides A, B,
C, and bilobalide in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-mock) and MDCK-OCT2 cells in uptake
study.

Conclusion:
The developed method was successfully validated. Results suggest that OCT2 is involved
in the renal disposition of ginkgolide A, B, and bilobalide. This method would foster the study of
transport mediated activity via the interaction of ginkgolides and bilobalide with cellular systems.
Development and Validation of Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Macitentan in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Albayrak Mevlut , Atila Alptug 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Macitentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist drug used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Materials and Methods:A new, sensitive, simple, accurate and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of macitentan in pharmaceutical formulations. Macitentan and bosentan which are used as internal standard (IS) were detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive ion, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by monitoring mass transitions (precursor to product) m/z 589.1→203.3 and 552.6→311.5, respectively. Chromatographic separation was carried out on reverse phase C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 * 150 mm). Water containing 0.2 % acetic acid in acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) was used as the mobile phase in the isocratic elution. The system was optimized with injection volume of 10 µL, column temperature of 35 °C and flow rate of 1 mL min-1 Retention times were 1.97 min for macitentan and 1.72 min for IS.Results and Discussion:The calibration curve with a high correlation coefficient (0.9997) was linear range 0.5-500 ng mL-1. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) and average recovery values were determined as 0.5 ng mL-1 and 99.7 %, respectively. The developed novel method has been successfully applied for the determination of macitentan in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.Conclusion:The present method is the first study developed and validated for the determination of macitentan from the pharmaceutical preparations and pure form by UPLC-MS/MS method in the literature.
Isoform-Specific Role of Akt Kinase in Cancer and its Selective Targeting by Potential Anticancer Natural Agents
Authors: Roy Nand Kishor , Monisha Javadi , Singh Anuj Kumar , Padmavathi Ganesan , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Akt kinase is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in different
cellular processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, glucose metabolism, transcription, and
cell migration. It has three isoforms (Akt1, 2, and 3) that have distinct and sometimes contrasting
functions in different cancers. However, to date, most of the inhibitors are directed against Akt
kinase generally which would not serve the purpose due to the lack of isoform selectivity and offtarget
toxicity. Therefore, the present study is an elementary step towards the demarcation of the
natural inhibitors available from food sources and dietary supplements using in silico methods.

Objective:
To demarcate the natural agents and general Akt kinase inhibitors into Akt isoformspecific
inhibitors.

Methods:
The genetic alterations data for Akt isoforms were obtained from The Cancer Genome
Atlas datasets. The protein sequence alignment was achieved using PRALINE program. The modeling
of Akt3 protein and its evaluation was performed by ModWeb Server and PROCHECK program,
respectively. The docking was performed by using Schrödinger Glide software.

Results:
Differential pattern of genetic alterations of Akt isoforms was observed in different cancers.
The protein sequence alignment has shown both the conserved as well as the non- conserved
region of Akt isoforms. The structure of Akt3 was successfully modeled and evaluated. Finally,
with the help of molecular docking, the natural agents and general Akt inhibitors have been segregated
into Akt isoform-specific inhibitors based on the derived Glide Score (GScore).

Conclusion:
Isoform-specific inhibition of Akt would have huge clinical significance and research
should be commenced in preclinical and clinical settings.
Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarında Güncel Konulara Yer Verilme Durumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: TAŞKIN Ayşe , MEMİŞOĞLU Hatice 
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarında güncel konulara yer
verilme durumunu tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla toplam 9 adet (5. - 6. ve 7. sınıf) Sosyal bilgiler ders kitabı
incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme
kullanılmıştır. Doküman olarak ders kitaplarından yararlanılmıştır. Ders
kitaplarında güncel konulara yer verilme düzeyi tespit edildikten sonra, elde
edilen bu veriler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular sonucunda,
güncel konuların ünitelerde eşit şekilde dağılımının olmadığı tespit
edilmiştir. Bu durum, öğrencilerin güncel olaylara karşı duyarlı olmalarını
sağlamak amacıyla sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında daha fazla güncel olaya yer
veren düzenlemelerin gerekliliği ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
Cambios volumétricos en suelos magnésicos del valle del rio Cauca-Colombia
Authors: Torrente Trujillo Armando , Garcia Ocampo Alvaro , Amezquita Collazos Edgar , Escobar Chalarca Carlos Alberto , Sampayo Noguera Tomas Jose 
Published: March 2019

Se ha reconocido una extensa área de suelos arcillosos con alta saturación de magnesio denominada suelos Magnésicos; que revisten un especial interés por incorporación a la producción agrícola intensiva y que requieren de su conocimiento previo para el manejo y recuperación eficiente. Se evaluaron las características físicas relacionadas con el cambio de volumen de suelos con alta saturación de magnesio intercambiable en el valle del rio cauca, que incide sobre sus propiedades y que son básicas para el planeamiento de prácticas de manejo.Se seleccionaron trece (13) suelos y se midieron los cambios de volumen mediante el encogimiento de muestras con núcleos de volumen conocido bajo condiciones controladas de secado en laboratorio y se determinaron los índices y variables de contracción: volumen especifico del suelo (V), volumen específico lleno de aire (P), contenido de humedad (), contracción normal (n) y contracción residual (r). La contracción de volumen con el secado de los suelos magnésicos influye de manera importante sobre la disponibilidad de agua a los cultivos, la eficiencia en el suministro de agua de riego y lluvia efectiva haciendo más complejo el manejo del suelo, ya que el factor hídrico (lámina de agua, frecuencia, dosis y tiempo de aplicación) determina su consistencia y la características para su uso y su disposición.
Los sistemas de gestión integrados un desafío para la ingeniería del siglo XXI
Authors: Ospina Angarita Alejandro 
Published: March 2019

El nuevo milenio ha traido consigo un sinnúmero de cambios y desafíos de todos los órdenes en cada aspecto del quehacer humano y como es obvio sin ser la excepción en nuestro rol como ingenieros. Atrás quedaron ideas tradicionales que relacionaban a los profesionales de la ingeniería con una figura exclusivamente operativa, adornada de elementos exclusivamente técnicos y con una participación limitada a la ejecución de los procesos productivos sin integración a actividades propias de las organizaciones.
Caminhos do Carnaval
Authors: Mathias Roberta Filgueiras 
Published: March 2019

O ensaio fotográfico foi produzido durante os dias 11 e 12 de fevereiro nas ruas ao redor do Sambódromo. A ideia é captar a fluidez e a construção dinâmica do Carnaval da Marques de Sapucaí- que altera o fluxo e o trânsito dos arredores. Pensar o comércio e a paisagem urbana construídas nessa época do ano e, que somente fazem sentido dentro dessa lógica, nos leva a múltiplas interpretações e fruições desses novos espaços criados. Tanto as cores, quanto os corpos em movimento evocam uma estética própria de temporalidade reconfigurada.
Loucura, Subjetivação e Gênero
Authors: Santos Ronivaldo De Oliveira Rego 
Published: March 2019

Trata-se de fazer o que chamamos de aplicação do método arqueogenalógico sobre os procedimentos e representações da loucura em Goiânia, particularmente nos processos que envolvem o Hospital Psiquiátrico Prof. Adauto Botelho. Para chegarmos a esse ponto, traçamos uma problematização histórica do desenvolvimento da psiquiatria no Brasil e suas relações com as principais concepções da reforma psiquiátrica pelo mundo. Somente aí chegamos ao contexto de Goiânia. Problematiza-se ainda como a construção de Goiânia se situa na ordem do progresso e trabalho da Era Vargas e como ela pode representar, à época de sua construção, o ideal de modernização e civilização do homem brasileiro. Finalmente, discute-se o tema da loucura como modo de subjetivação e sujeição dos indivíduos e as questõs de gênero, a partir do caso do referido Hospital, mais especificamente a partir do documentário Passageiros da Segunda Classe, que retrata o dia a dia dessa instituição.
Hipótesis sobre el tema "escritura femenina e hispanidad"
Authors: Reisz Susana 
Published: March 2019

Es éste un conjunto de propuestas de carácter teórico e histórico-literario sobre la controvertida categoría "escritura femenina" y su manifestación en la producción literaria de Hispanoamérica y España en los ochenta y noventa. El objeto de estudio no es cualquier clase de literatura hecha por mujeres, sino tan sólo aquélla capaz de expresar formas de experiencia y de marginalidad específicamente ligadas al rol genérico "femenino". La selección del corpus está determinada por la convicción de que las modalidades de representación y las estrategias discursivas de la "femineidad" -junto con los tipos de marginación que ellas denuncian- pueden modificarse con el tiempo tanto como los estilos literarios en general y que, en este preciso momento histórico, se están produciendo cambios acelerados y relativamente homogéneos en todo el mundo hispánico.
María Eugenia MATÍA AMOR, "Las dimensiones de la memoria. La poesía de Arcadio Pardo". Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2018, 260 pp.
Authors: Ayuso César Augusto 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo es una reseña del libro:
Las dimensiones de la memoria. La poesía de Arcadio Pardo.
Autora: María Eugenia MATÍA AMOR
Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2018, 260 pp.
Cost-effectiveness of measles control during elimination in Ontario, Canada, 2015
Authors: Ramsay Lauren C , Crowcroft Natasha S , Thomas Shari , Aruffo Elena , Teslya Alexandra , Heffernan Jane M , Gournis Effie , Hiebert Joanne , Jaeger Valerie , Jiaravuthisan Manisa , Sharron Jennifer , Severini Alberto , Deeks Shelley L , Gubbay Jonathan , Mazzulli Tony , Sander Beate 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGiven that measles is eliminated in Canada and measles immunisation coverage in Ontario is high, it has been questioned whether Ontario’s measles outbreak response is worthwhile.AimOur objective was to determine cost-effectiveness of measles containment protocols in Ontario from the healthcare payer perspective.MethodsWe developed a decision-analysis model comparing Ontario’s measles containment strategy (based on actual 2015 outbreak data) with a hypothetical ‘modified response’. The modified scenario assumed 10% response costs with reduced case and contact tracing and no outbreak-associated vaccinations; it was based on local and provincial administrative and laboratory data and parameters from peer-reviewed literature. Short- and long-term health outcomes, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs discounted at 1.5%, were estimated. We conducted one- and two-way sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe 2015 outbreak in Ontario comprised 16 measles cases and an estimated 3,369 contacts. Predictive modelling suggested that the outbreak response prevented 16 outbreak-associated cases at a cost of CAD 1,213,491 (EUR 861,579). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was CAD 739,063 (EUR 524,735) per QALY gained for the outbreak response vs modified response. To meet the commonly accepted cost-effectiveness threshold of CAD 50,000 (EUR 35,500) per QALY gained, the outbreak response would have to prevent 94 measles cases. In sensitivity analyses, the findings were robust.ConclusionsOntario’s measles outbreak response exceeds generally accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds and may not be the most efficient use of public health resources from a healthcare payer perspective. These findings should be balanced against benefits of increased vaccine coverage and maintaining elimination status.