bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different perspectives on the key challenges facing rural health: The challenges of power and knowledge
Authors: Malatzky Christina , Bourke Lisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of dominant knowledge in rural health, including how they shape issues central to rural health. In particular, this article examines the roles of: (i) deficit knowledge of rural health workforce; (ii) dominant portrayals of generalism; and (iii) perceptions of inferiority about rural communities in maintaining health disparities between rural‐ and metropolitan‐based Australians.DesignA Foucauldian framework is applied to literature, evidence, case studies and key messages in rural health. Three scenarios are used to provide practical examples of specific knowledge that is prioritised or marginalised.ResultsThe analysis of three areas in rural health identifies how deficit knowledge is privileged despite it undermining the purpose of rural health. First, deficit knowledge highlights the workforce shortage rather than the type of work in rural practice or the oversupply of workforce in metropolitan areas. Second, the construction of generalist practice as less skilled and more monotonous undermines other knowledge that it is diverse and challenging. Third, dominant negative stereotypes of rural communities discourage rural careers and highlight undesirable aspects of rural practice.ConclusionThe privileging of deficit knowledge pertaining to rural health workforce, broader dominant discourses of generalism and the nature of rural Australian communities reproduces many of the key challenges in rural health today, including persisting health disparities between rural‐ and metropolitan‐based Australians. To disrupt the operations of power that highlight deficit knowledge and undermine other knowledge, we need to change the way in which rural health is currently constructed and understood.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the depth of invasion in women at risk of abnormally invasive placenta: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Cali Giuseppe , Forlani Francesco , Timor‐Trisch Ilan , Palacios‐Jaraquemada José , Foti Francesca , Minneci Gabriella , Flacco Maria E , Manzoli Lamberto , Familiari Alessandra , Pagani Giorgio , Scambia Giovanni , D'Antonio Francesco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting the depth of abnormally invasive placenta in women at risk.Material and methodsProspective longitudinal study including women with placenta previa and at least one prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery. Depth of abnormally invasive placenta was defined as the degree of trophoblastic invasion through the myometrium and was assessed with histopathological analysis. The ultrasound signs explored were: loss of clear zone, placental lacunae, bladder wall interruption, uterovesical hypervascularity, and increased vascularity in the parametrial region.ResultsIn all, 210 women were included in the analysis. When using at least one sign, ultrasound had an overall sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.5‐100) and overall specificity of 61.9 (95% CI 51.9‐71.2) for all types of abnormally invasive placenta. Using two ultrasound signs increased the diagnostic accuracy in terms of specificity (100%, 95% CI 96.5‐100) but did not affect sensitivity. When stratifying the analysis according to the depth of placental invasion, using at least one sign had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 93.7‐100) and 100% (95% CI 92.6‐100) for placenta accreta/increta and percreta, respectively. Using three ultrasound signs improved the detection rate for placenta percreta with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 92.6‐100) and a specificity of 77.2% (95% CI 69.9‐83.4).ConclusionUltrasound has a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting the depth of placental invasion when applied to a population with specific risk factors for anomalies such as placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery or uterine surgery.
A Standardized Telephone Intervention Algorithm Improves the Survival of Ventricular Assist Device Outpatients
Authors: Schlöglhofer Thomas , Horvat Johann , Moscato Francesco , Hartner Zeno , Necid Georg , Schwingenschlögl Harald , Riebandt Julia , Dimitrov Kamen , Angleitner Philipp , Wiedemann Dominik , Laufer Günther , Zimpfer Daniel , Schima Heinrich 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVentricular assist devices (VADs) are an established therapeutic option for patients with chronic heart failure. Continuous monitoring of VAD parameters and their adherence to guidelines are crucial to detect problems in an early stage to optimize outcomes. A telephone intervention algorithm for VAD outpatients was developed, clinically implemented and evaluated. During the phone calls, a structured inquiry of pump parameters, alarms, blood pressure, INR, body weight and temperature, exit‐site status and heart failure symptoms was performed and electronically categorized by an algorithm into 5 levels of severity. VAD outpatient outcomes without (n = 71) and with bi‐weekly telephone interviews in their usual care (n = 25) were conducted using proportional hazard Cox regression, with risk adjustment based on a propensity score model computed from demographics and risk factors. From February 2015 through October 2017, 25 patients (n = 3 HeartMate II, n = 4 HeartMate 3 and n = 18 HeartWare HVAD) underwent 637 telephone interventions. In 57.5% of the calls no problems were identified, 3.9% were recalled on the next day because of alarms. In 26.5% (n = 169), the VAD Coordinator had to refer to the physician due to elevated blood pressure (n = 125, >85 mm Hg), INR < 2.0 or > 4.0 (n = 24) or edema (n = 10), 11.9% of the calls led to a follow‐up because of equipment or exit‐site problems. Propensity‐adjusted 2‐year survival (89% vs. 57%, P = 0.027) was significantly higher for the telephone intervention group. Continuous, standardized communication with VAD outpatients is important for early detection of upcoming problems and leads to significantly improved survival.
Practice patterns of female urologists in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Johns Putra Lydia , Cheng Janice , Dowling Caroline , Clarke Anita 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo analyse the practice patterns of female urologists in Australia and New Zealand.Participants and MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to female urologists and urology trainees of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand in December 2016, with questions on demographics, practice patterns and views on mentorship.ResultsOf 82 recipients of the questionnaire, 60 (73.2%) responded. Of these, 61.7% were aged <40 years, 81.7% were married or in a long‐term relationship and 56.7% had children. A total of 67.8% had completed urology training. Of these, most had commenced clinical practice within the preceding 12 years, most had taken no time off in training and most had taken <1 year away from clinical practice. A total of 74.4% practised in a metropolitan area and 42.5% described their practice as being general urology. High or moderate satisfaction levels were reported by 88.1% of respondents and 92.9% intended to retire before the age of 70 years. A total of 17.2% had not had a mentor and 80.7% thought a mentorship scheme would be useful.ConclusionThese results provide information on the practice patterns of the increasing number of women urologists in Australia and New Zealand and have the potential to shape workforce and training planning in this region and worldwide.
Developmental Trajectories of Chinese Adolescents’ Relational Aggression: Associations With Changes in Social‐Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Wenxin , Ji Linqin , Deater‐Deckard Kirby 
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the development of relational aggression (RA) in a sample of Chinese youth (N = 2,274, 52% boys) from fourth (Mage = 10.27 years) to ninth grade. Using latent class growth analysis, four trajectories were identified for both peer‐ and teacher‐rated RA: a no aggression trajectory, a low‐increasing trajectory, a moderate‐decreasing trajectory, and a chronically high trajectory. Chronically high RA showed a chronicity effect on adolescent peer acceptance, rejection, and rule‐breaking behaviors. Adolescents showed worse adjustment as RA increased, but they did not necessarily evidence significant improvement in adjustment even if their RA decreased. Findings reveal the maladaptive nature of RA and highlight the importance of considering cultural context in understanding RA.
Host‐plant dissections reveal contrasting distributions ofCrematogasterants and their symbionts in two myrmecophyticMacarangaspecies
Authors: Houadria Mickal Y.I. , Klimes Petr , Fayle Tom M. , Gullan Penny J. 
Published: May 2018

1. Ant–plant mutualisms are among the most widespread and ecologically important insect–plant interactions in the tropics. The multitrophic mutualism involvingMacarangaplants (Euphorbiaceae) andCrematogasterants (Formicidae) is the most diverse in Southeast Asia. This interaction also includes trophobiotic scale insects (Coccidae) and nematodes inhabiting ant refuse piles.2. Here two myrmecophytic systems were compared,Macaranga trachyphyllawithCrematogaster captiosa(Mt + Cc) andMacaranga beccarianawithCrematogaster decamera(Mb + Cd), using a fine‐scale dissection of the stems. For the two plant species, for each internode, both contents (ants, coccids, refuse piles) and structure (internode height, numbers of open and occluded ant holes) were recorded.3. There were significant patterns in the vertical distribution of ant colonies and their symbionts in the plant stems. Most coccids were kept in the highest sections of both systems, althoughMb + Cdhosted a broader range of coccid species thanMt + Cc. Three nematode species were recorded, but with a rather low specificity to plant or ant species. Furthermore, the fine‐scale distribution showed aggregation of closed holes with ant brood and separation of nematode‐infested refuse piles from eggs.4. The results of this study indicate that ants manipulate spatial colony structure via distribution of brood, holes and the symbionts. It is suggested that ants optimise the location of refuse piles and occluded holes via spatial heterogeneity in their distribution among internodes. This paper discusses the protective role of occluded holes and demonstrates some general interactions with other symbiotic fauna.
Linking phytoplankton community metabolism to the individual size distribution
Authors: Padfield Daniel , Buckling Angus , Warfield Ruth , Lowe Chris , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying variation in ecosystem metabolism is critical to predicting the impacts of environmental change on the carbon cycle. We used a metabolic scaling framework to investigate how body size and temperature influence phytoplankton community metabolism. We tested this framework using phytoplankton sampled from an outdoor mesocosm experiment, where communities had been either experimentally warmed (+ 4 °C) for 10 years or left at ambient temperature. Warmed and ambient phytoplankton communities differed substantially in their taxonomic composition and size structure. Despite this, the response of primary production and community respiration to long‐ and short‐term warming could be estimated using a model that accounted for the size‐ and temperature dependence of individual metabolism, and the community abundance‐body size distribution. This work demonstrates that the key metabolic fluxes that determine the carbon balance of planktonic ecosystems can be approximated using metabolic scaling theory, with knowledge of the individual size distribution and environmental temperature.
Sentiment analysis in organizational work: Towards an ontology of people analytics
Authors: Gelbard Roy , Ramon‐Gonen Roni , Carmeli Abraham , Bittmann Ran M. , Talyansky Roman 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present paper proposes a conceptual ontology to evaluate human factors by modelling their key performance indicators and defining these indicators' explanatory factors, manifestations, and diverse corresponding digital footprints. Our methodology incorporates 6 main human resource constructs: performance, engagement, leadership, workplace dynamics, organizational developmental support, and learning and knowledge creation. Using sentiment analysis, we introduce a potential way to evaluate several components of the proposed human factors ontology. We use the Enron email corpus as a test case, to demonstrate how digital footprints can predict such phenomena. In so doing, we hope to encourage further research applying data mining techniques to allow real‐time, less costly, and more reliable assessments of human factor patterns and trends.
Geographical CO2 sensitivity of phytoplankton correlates with ocean buffer capacity
Authors: Richier Sophie , Achterberg Eric P. , Humphreys Matthew P. , Poulton Alex J. , Suggett David J. , Tyrrell Toby , Moore Christopher Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccumulation of anthropogenic CO2 is significantly altering ocean chemistry. A range of biological impacts resulting from this oceanic CO2 accumulation are emerging, however, the mechanisms responsible for observed differential susceptibility between organisms and across environmental settings remain obscure. A primary consequence of increased oceanic CO2 uptake is a decrease in the carbonate system buffer capacity, which characterizes the system's chemical resilience to changes in CO2, generating the potential for enhanced variability in pCO2 and the concentration of carbonate [], bicarbonate [], and protons [H+] in the future ocean. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 17 shipboard manipulation experiments performed across three distinct geographical regions that encompassed a wide range of environmental conditions from European temperate seas to Arctic and Southern oceans. These data demonstrated a correlation between the magnitude of natural phytoplankton community biological responses to short‐term CO2 changes and variability in the local buffer capacity across ocean basin scales. Specifically, short‐term suppression of small phytoplankton (<10 μm) net growth rates were consistently observed under enhanced pCO2 within experiments performed in regions with higher ambient buffer capacity. The results further highlight the relevance of phytoplankton cell size for the impacts of enhanced pCO2 in both the modern and future ocean. Specifically, cell size‐related acclimation and adaptation to regional environmental variability, as characterized by buffer capacity, likely influences interactions between primary producers and carbonate chemistry over a range of spatio‐temporal scales.
Forbidden fire: Does criminalising fire hinder conservation efforts in swidden landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon?
Authors: Carmenta Rachel , Coudel Emilie , Steward Angela M. 
Published: May 2018

Global environmental change has motivated multiple interventions in pursuit of sustainable outcomes within tropical forest landscapes. Fire is recognised as a key stressor facing forest conservation efforts. Large‐scale accidental fires are increasingly prevalent across the forested tropics, generating negative impacts across sectors and scales. Policy responses to mega‐fires in the Brazilian Amazon have been diverse but all are dominated by an anti‐fire narrative that highlights long‐stigmatised smallholder agricultural practices. Despite forest conservation initiatives and fire management policies, escaped fire (wildfire) remains pervasive. Forest conservation initiatives are often situated in contexts where swidden agriculture prevails, generating a need for an improved understanding of the interplay between fire management and conservation initiatives on the ground. We explore these dynamics through a case study approach in three leading forest conservation initiative types, situated across diverse contexts in the Brazilian Amazon: a Reduction of Emissions of Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) site (in Middle Solimões region), an extractive reserve (RESEX) (in Arapíuns region), and a Green Municipality Pact (GMP) (in Paragominas). Between sites, climate and colonisation histories vary, yet all demonstrate that farmers experience the burden of escaped fire, attesting to the failure of fire management policies and suggesting that fire (as currently managed) threatens forest conservation goals. Restrictive fire management policies do not replace the necessity of fire‐based agriculture and rather serve to disempower swidden farmers by making burning increasingly illicit. We show that awareness of fire‐free alternatives exists, yet experience is limited and constraints are considerable. We argue that marginalising fire use in the context of forest conservation initiatives contributes to a legacy of failed interventions and jeopardises partnerships between communities and conservation practitioners. Finally, we suggest that given the absence of imminent and viable fire‐free alternatives, particularly in sites where swidden and conservation collide, a new model of fire warrants experimentation.
Return Schemes from European Countries: Assessing the Challenges
Authors: Scalettaris Giulia , Gubert Flore 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrawing on a review of the academic literature on return migration and return migration policies, as well as on reports and project documentation, this article provides a general assessment of return schemes from European countries, with a focus on those targeting failed asylum‐seekers and irregular migrants. The article first highlights the contrasted understanding of return and reintegration by migration policy‐makers and migration scholars respectively. It then provides an overview of the main challenges, focusing on seven key issues: preparedness to return, the imbalance of represented interests, legal mobility, conditions in the countries of origin, the reintegration package, integration in Europe, and the specific obstacles to return faced by failed asylum‐seekers. The article highlights the need to reassess return policies and frame more realistic schemes.
Bringing research to the bedside: Knowledge translation in the mental health care of burns patients
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Visentin Denis C. , West Sancia , Andrews Sharon , McLean Loyola , Kornhaber Rachel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdvances in surgical techniques and wound management have improved outcomes for burn patients; however, the psychological impacts on burn survivors have had less attention. There is a higher rate of mental health disorders amongst burns victims, with those with pre‐existing mental health conditions likely to have worse outcomes. To implement effective burns care and rehabilitation, knowledge and understanding of mental health issues is required. This position paper discusses the extent to which clinicians currently translate knowledge around mental health and burns into practice to identify enables and inhibitors. Successful knowledge translation requires dissemination and accessibility of information with the capacity and readiness for change. Clinicians and researchers need to identify how translating research to practice can meet the needs of burn survivors. There is a gap in the utilization of evidence concerning mental health and the needs of burns survivors, and we need to understand what we know as compared to what we do. Clinicians are well placed to determine how and why knowledge does not necessarily translate to practice and how they can better accommodate the needs of burn survivors.
Saddled with Attention: Overreaction to Bankruptcy Filings
Authors: Reyes Tomas , Waissbluth Nicolas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze the effect of investor attention on stock prices around Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings. We measure investor attention as abnormal search volume from Google, and find that attention‐grabbing companies have more negative abnormal stock returns in the days before and during bankruptcy filings and more positive abnormal returns immediately thereafter. That is, for companies receiving high attention, investors overreact to a bankruptcy filing; for companies receiving low attention, they underreact. This pattern is more pronounced for companies with low institutional ownership and holds after controlling for standard predictors of stock performance during bankruptcy.
Oxymatrine exerts protective effects on osteoarthritis via modulating chondrocyte homoeostasis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Jiang Yafei , Sang Weilin , Wang Cong , Lu Haiming , Zhang Tao , Wang Zhuoying , Liu Yu , Xue Bao , Xue Song , Cai Zhengdong , Hua Yingqi , Zhu Libo , Ma Jinzhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease characterized by the progressive destruction both articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. The agents that can effectively suppress chondrocyte degradation and subchondral bone loss are crucial for the prevention and treatment of OA. Oxymatrine (OMT) is a natural compound with anti‐inflammatory and antitumour properties. We found that OMT exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced chondrocyte inflammation and catabolism. To further support our results, fresh human cartilage explants were treated with LPS to establish an ex vivo degradation model, and the results revealed that OMT inhibited the catabolic events of LPS‐stimulated human cartilage and substantially attenuated the degradation of articular cartilage ex vivo. As subchondral bone remodelling is involved in OA progression, and osteoclasts are a unique cell type in bone resorption, we investigated the effects of OMT on osteoclastogenesis, and the results demonstrated that OMT suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the RANKL‐induced NFATc1 and c‐fos signalling pathway in vitro. Further, we found that the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastic effects of oxymatrine are mediated via the inhibition of the NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. In animal studies, OMT suppressed the ACLT‐induced cartilage degradation, and TUNEL assays further confirmed the protective effect of OMT on chondrocyte apoptosis. MicroCT analysis revealed that OMT had an attenuating effect on ACLT‐induced subchondral bone loss in vivo. Taken together, these results show that OMT interferes with the vicious cycle associated with OA and may be a potential therapeutic agent for abnormal subchondral bone loss and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis.