bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The population and landscape genetics of the European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland
Authors: Guerrero Jimena , Byrne Andrew W. , Lavery John , Presho Eleanor , Kelly Gavin , Courcier Emily A. , O'Keeffe James , Fogarty Ursula , O'Meara Denise B. , Ensing Dennis , McCormick Carl , Biek Roman , Skuce Robin A. , Allen Adrian R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe population genetic structure of free‐ranging species is expected to reflect landscape‐level effects. Quantifying the role of these factors and their relative contribution often has important implications for wildlife management. The population genetics of the European badger (Meles meles) have received considerable attention, not least because the species acts as a potential wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Britain and Ireland. Herein, we detail the most comprehensive population and landscape genetic study of the badger in Ireland to date—comprised of 454 Irish badger samples, genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci. Bayesian and multivariate clustering methods demonstrated continuous clinal variation across the island, with potentially distinct differentiation observed in Northern Ireland. Landscape genetic analyses identified geographic distance and elevation as the primary drivers of genetic differentiation, in keeping with badgers exhibiting high levels of philopatry. Other factors hypothesized to affect gene flow, including earth worm habitat suitability, land cover type, and the River Shannon, had little to no detectable effect. By providing a more accurate picture of badger population structure and the factors effecting it, these data can guide current efforts to manage the species in Ireland and to better understand its role in bTB.
Exploring everyday experiences of cultural diversity: The construction, validation, and application of the normative multiculturalism scale
Authors: Stuart Jaimee , Ward Colleen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 3‐factor structure of the Normative Multiculturalism Scale (NMS)—Contact with Diversity (CD), Multicultural Ideology (MI), and Multicultural Policies and Practices (MPP)—was tested and confirmed with community samples from New Zealand (N = 381) and the United States (N = 311). Correlations with criterion measures (e.g., perceived minority disadvantage and attitudes to diversity) supported the criterion validity of the subscales. NMS factors were then examined as predictors of social connectedness in a British community sample (N = 347). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that MI predicted general trust, and MI and MPP predicted national attachment. While MPP was associated with greater perceived threat, this relationship was dampened by the joint influences of MI and CD. The research presents a novel perspective on multiculturalism by adopting a normative approach and examining the main and interaction effects of contact with diversity, multicultural ideology, and multicultural policies on interpersonal and intergroup outcomes.
Exopolysaccharides from Basidiomycota: Formation, isolation and techno‐functional properties
Authors: Jaros Doris , Köbsch Johannes , Rohm Harald 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis Mini Review gives an overview of and respective references for the production and properties of exopolysaccharides from Basidiomycota in submerged cultivation. Media and conditions that are usually applied in laboratory culture are summarized, and the lack of studies related to up‐scaling is addressed. Procedures for isolation and purification of the exopolysaccharides from the fermentation media are reviewed, and challenges related to exopolysaccharide quantification are discussed. Finally, the techno‐functional properties of the respective exopolysaccharides, and potential applications in foods are addressed.
Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity in the Context of Multiple-Use Management on National Forest System Lands
Authors: Roper Brett B , Capurso James M , Paroz Yvette , Young Michael K 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) manages 193 million acres of public lands across 43 states and Puerto Rico. The original intent behind reserving lands managed by the USFS was to improve and protect forests, secure favorable conditions for water flows, and furnish a continuous supply of timber for the nation. Through time national forests have evolved, so they are managed for a broad array of uses. Differing expectations have led to conflicts between aquatic conservation and other aspects of the USFS’ mandate. In the 1990s, these conflicting goals came to a head with the listing of the northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina and the need to better protect streams that fostered populations of anadromous salmonids. To better balance these conflicting uses, the agency placed additional emphasis on conserving and restoring aquatic systems by integrating conservation concepts into the forest planning process. If the USFS is to succeed in protecting and restoring aquatic biodiversity, it must continue to address traditional challenges such as minimizing the effects of timber harvest, roads, grazing, and mining on aquatic systems while improving policies and practices regarding contemporary challenges such as climate change and invasive species.
Comparison of the detrimental features of microglia and infiltrated macrophages in traumatic brain injury: A study using a hypnotic bromovalerylurea
Authors: Abe Naoki , Choudhury Mohammed E. , Watanabe Minori , Kawasaki Shun , Nishihara Tasuku , Yano Hajime , Matsumoto Shirabe , Kunieda Takehiro , Kumon Yoshiaki , Yorozuya Toshihiro , Tanaka Junya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroglia and blood‐borne macrophages in injured or diseased brains are difficult to distinguish because they share many common characteristics. However, the identification of microglia‐specific markers and the use of flow cytometry have recently made it easy to discriminate these types of cells. In this study, we analyzed the features of blood‐borne macrophages, and activated and resting microglia in a rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Oxidative injury was indicated in macrophages and neurons in TBI lesions by the presence of 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). Generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was markedly observed in granulocytes and macrophages, but not in activated or resting microglia. Dihydroethidium staining supported microglia not being the major source of ROS in TBI lesions. Furthermore, macrophages expressed NADPH oxidase 2, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and CD68 at higher levels than microglia. In contrast, microglia expressed transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor α at higher levels than macrophages. A hypnotic, bromovalerylurea (BU), which has anti‐inflammatory effects, reduced both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. BU administration inhibited chemokine CCL2 expression, accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, 8‐OHdG generation, mitochondrial ROS generation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression, and markedly ameliorated the outcome of the TBI model. Yet, BU did not inhibit microglial activation or expression of TGFβ1 and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1). These results indicate that macrophages are the major aggravating cell type in TBI lesions, in particular during the acute phase. Activated microglia may even play favorable roles. Reduction of cellular energy metabolism in macrophages and suppression of CCL2 expression in injured tissue may lead to amelioration of TBI.
Adaptation of brain functional stream architecture in athletes with fast demands of sensorimotor integration
Authors: Gao Qing , Yu Yi , Su Xiaolong , Tao Zhongping , Zhang Mu , Wang Yifeng , Leng Jinsong , Sepulcre Jorge , Chen Huafu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTraining‐induced neuroplasticity has been described in athletes' population. However, it remains largely unknown how regular training and sports proficiency modifies neuronal circuits in the human brain. In this study, we used voxel‐based morphometry and stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) analyses to uncover connectivity changes in the functional stream architecture in student‐athletes at early stages of sensorimotor skill training. Thirty‐two second‐year student‐athletes whose major was little‐ball sports and thirty‐four nonathlete controls were recruited for the study. We found that athletes showed greater gray matter volume in the right sensorimotor area, the limbic lobe, and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. Furthermore, SFC analysis demonstrated that athletes displayed significantly smaller optimal connectivity distance from those seed regions to the dorsal attention network (DAN) and larger optimal connectivity distance to the default mode network (DMN) compared to controls. The Attention Network Test showed that the reaction time of the orienting attention subnetwork was positively correlated with SFC between the seeds and the DAN, while negatively correlated with SFC between the seeds and the DMN. Our findings suggest that neuroplastic adaptations on functional connectivity streams after motor skill training may enable novel information flow from specific areas of the cortex toward distributed networks such as the DAN and the DMN. This could potentially regulate the focus of external and internal attention synchronously in athletes, and consequently accelerate the reaction time of orienting attention in athletes.
Task‐enhanced arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI predicts longitudinal neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Xie Long , Das Sandhitsu R. , Pilania Arun , Daffner Molly , Stockbower Grace E. , Dolui Sudipto , Yushkevich Paul A. , Detre John A. , Wolk David A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but is also recognized to be a heterogeneous condition. Biomarkers that predict AD progression in MCI are of clinical significance because they can be used to better identify appropriate candidates for therapeutic intervention studies. It has been hypothesized that comparing to structural measurements, functional ones may be more sensitive to early disease abnormalities and the sensitivity could be further enhanced when combined with cognitive task, a “brain stress test.” In this study, we investigated the value of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured by arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI (ASL MRI) during a memory‐encoding task, in predicting the estimated rate of hippocampal atrophy, an established marker of AD progression. Thirty‐one amnestic MCI patients (20 male and 11 female; age: 70.9 ± 6.5 years, range from 56 to 83 years; mini mental status examination: 27.8 ± 1.8) and 42 normal control subjects (13 male and 29 female; age: 70.6 ± 8.8 years, range from 55 to 88 years; mini mental status examination: 29.1 ± 1.2) were included in this study. We compared the predictive value of CBF during task to CBF during rest and structural volumetry. Both region‐of‐interest and voxelwise analyses showed that baseline CBF measurements during task (strongest effect in fusiform gyrus, region‐of‐interest analysis statistics: r = 0.56, p = .003), but not resting ASL MRI or structural volumetry, were correlated with the estimated rate of hippocampal atrophy in amnestic MCI patients. Further, stepwise linear regression demonstrated that resting ASL MRI and volumetry did not provide complementary information in prediction. These results support the notion that physiologic measures during a cognitive challenge may increase the ability to detect subtle functional changes that predict progression. As such, ASL MRI could have important utility in stratifying candidates for AD treatment trials.
Integrating laboratory and field studies to assess impacts of discharge from a uranium mine and validate a water quality guideline value for magnesium
Authors: Trenfield Melanie A , Harford Andrew J , Mooney Thomas , Ellis Mark , Humphrey Chris , van Dam Rick A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) is a primary contaminant in mine water discharges from the Ranger Uranium Mine (north Australia). Site-specific water quality guideline values (WQGVs) for Mg have been derived from laboratory and field studies. Contaminated groundwater with elevated electrical conductivity and metals (Mg, Mn, U, SO4, and Ca) was detected flowing from the mine site into adjacent surface waters. This provided an opportunity to investigate the protectiveness of the Mg WQGV by conducting an integrated laboratory and field study. A direct toxicity assessment (DTA) of the groundwater was conducted with local tropical freshwater species: duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis), green hydra (Hydra viridissima), and the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi. An in situ toxicity assessment was carried out in the creek receiving diluted groundwater by use of the same species of snail, to aid interpretation of laboratory-derived data. The toxicity of the contaminated groundwater was higher than Mg-only toxicity testing for H. viridissima, with other elevated metals and major ions contributing to toxicity. However, for duckweed and snail, the contaminated groundwater was less toxic than the Mg-only testing. In situ snail monitoring supported laboratory exposures, showing no effect on reproduction of A. cumingi exposed to an average of approximately 5 mg/L Mg; however, a very small effect was noted closer to the groundwater source, probably associated with other contaminants. The minimal toxicity observed for L. aequinoctialis and A. cumingi, despite the elevated Mg, can be explained by the high calcium (Ca) concentration of the water and the potential amelioration of metal toxicity. The extent of Ca amelioration of Mg toxicity was organism dependent. This study affirms the proposed environmental rehabilitation standard of 3 mg/L Mg for surface waters with a Ca concentration typical of water from this mine site. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:64–76. © 2018 SETAC
Macroautophagy Regulates Nuclear NOTCH1 Activity Through Multiple p62 Binding Sites
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guo Lixia , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Yanan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNOTCH1 is the prototype of the NOTCH family of single‐pass transmembrane receptors and regulates many basic processes during embryonic development and human pathogenesis. In core to NOTCH1 activation are proteolytic cleavages that release its intracellular domain (NICD1), which in turn translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) has been shown to promote the degradation of NOTCH1, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that autophagy promotes the degradation of NOTCH1 by p62‐dependent binding between NICD1 and LC3, a component of the autophagosomes that execute autophagy. Strikingly, deleting any of the structural NICD1 domains fails to block the degradation of NICD1 by autophagy, and p62 binds to almost all these domains independently, indicating that p62 binds to multiple sites on NICD1 to promote its degradation. Intriguingly, inhibition of autophagy induces the accumulation of NICD1 in not only the cytoplasm but also the nucleus and increases the transcriptional activity of NICD1, and such regulation of nuclear NICD1 by autophagy is unique to NICD1 and not observed for all other NICDs (NICD2‐4). Collectively, our results suggest that autophagy tightly controls nuclear NOTCH1 activity through multiple p62 binding sites, and that modulating autophagy activity may be useful for treating NOTCH1 related human diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):985–994, 2018
Adsorption‐associated orientational changes of immunoglobulin G and regulated phagocytosis ofStaphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Hou Wenjia , Liu Yi , Zhang Botao , He Xiaoyan , Li Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the adsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on biomaterials surfaces is crucial for design and modification of the surfaces to alleviate inflammatory responses after implantation. Here, we report direct visualization and two‐dimensional (2D) image interpretation of the IgG molecule adsorbed on simplified surfaces by single particle electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Influence of the orientational changes in adsorbed IgG on phagocytosis of macrophages againstStaphylococcus epidermidisis further examined. Untreated amorphous carbon film and −COOH and −NH2grafted carbon films are employed as the model surfaces for the adsorption testing. Results show that IgG displays flat orientation lying on the untreated surface, while forms vertical orientations standing on the functionalized surfaces. These specific spatial alignments are associated with altered unfolding extent and structure rearrangement of IgG domains, which are influenced synergistically by surface charge and wettability of the substrata. The changes in interdomain distance of IgG molecules subsequently regulate immune behaviors of macrophages and phagocytosis ofS. epidermidis.The results would give insight into appropriate design of biomaterial surfaces in nanoscales for desired inflammatory responses. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2838–2849, 2018.
Collagen organization deposited by fibroblasts encapsulated in pH responsive methacrylated alginate hydrogels
Authors: Boddupalli Anuraag , Bratlie Kaitlin M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pH of dermal wounds shifts from neutral during the inflammatory phase to slightly basic in the tissue remodeling phase. Stage specific wound treatment can be developed using environmentally responsive alginate hydrogels. The chemistry of these networks dictates swelling behavior. Here, we fabricated alginate hydrogels using chain growth, step growth, and combined mixed mode gelation methods to crosslink methacrylated alginate (ALGMA) and gain control over swelling responses. Methacrylation of the alginate network was confirmed through NMR spectroscopy. Strontium cations were introduced to fabricate stiffer, dually crosslinked hydrogels. Dual crosslinking significantly decreased the swelling response over the pH range of 3–9 for step growth and chain growth hydrogels, with no impact on mixed mode hydrogels. The extent of crosslinking altered the hydrogel degradation profiles under accelerated degradation conditions. Encapsulated NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in the different ALGMA hydrogels remained viable with greater cell proliferation in the stiffer gels. Collagen organization deposited by the NIH/3T3 fibroblasts was monitored using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and was influenced by the crosslinking mechanism. Ionic chain growth and ionic mixed mode crosslinked ALGMA hydrogels caused relatively isotropic collagen organization, particularly 10 days post‐cell encapsulation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to uncover correlations between the observed properties. The ability of these environmentally responsive gels to induce isotropic collagen and respond to pH changes means they hold promise as phase specific wound dressings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2934–2943, 2018.
Quantitative approaches of nanofibers organization for biomedical patterned nanofibrous scaffold by image analysis
Authors: Shah Hosseini Neda , Simon Bertrand , Messaoud Tahani , Khenoussi Nabyl , Schacher Laurence , Adolphe Dominique 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a novel design of a laboratory built static collector using the 3D printing technology. This new collector produces aligned‐to‐random nanofibers in nanofibrous scaffold through electrospinning process. A design of experiment (DOE), based on response surface, analyzes the effect of the main process parameters; concentration, voltage, and distance; on the responses diameter and orientation. A quantifying approach has been used to investigate the orientation of nanofibers in the produced patterned scaffold through Fourier transforms method. The obtained results have proven a good potential to be used in tissue engineering application, especially for cells requiring specific guidance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2963–2972, 2018.
Fabrication of alignment polycaprolactone scaffolds by combining use of electrospinning and micromolding for regulating Schwann cells behavior
Authors: Zhang Luzhong , Chen Shiyu , Liang Ruyu , Chen Yi , Li Shenjie , Li Siqi , Sun Zedong , Wang Yaling , Li Guicai , Ming Anjie , Yang Yumin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a new approach for fabricating micropatterned polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with ridge/groove structure on the surface was developed by combining use of electrospinning and micromolding method. A series of physicochemical properties, including morphology, wettability, component, crystal pattern and mechanical properties, of prepared PCL scaffolds were characterization, respectively. Stability of the micropatterned PCL scaffolds was measured using phosphate buffer solution immersion for a certain period. Then, the regulating effects of the micropatterned PCL scaffolds on attachment, orientation and normal biological function of Schwann cells were evaluated. And the protein adsorption behavior in various PCL scaffolds was also detected. The results showed that the micropatterned PCL scaffolds demonstrated a porous micro/nano complex structure with enhanced hydrophobicity and mechanical properties as a function of electrospun flow‐rate of PCL solution. The micropatterned PCL scaffolds possessed good stability and could effectively regulate the attachment and orientation of Schwann cells at the early stage after cell culture. Importantly, the electrospun flow‐rate of PCL solution was found to play an important role in scaffold properties, cell behavior and protein adsorption. The micropatterned scaffolds with a flow‐rate of PCL solution at 0.12 mL h−1 demonstrated the better regulation on Schwann cells attachment and alignment without negatively affect the normal biological function of the cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of combining use of electrospinning and micromolding method for preparing artificial nerve implants. The study is anticipated to have potential application in peripheral nerve and other tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3123–3134, 2018.
Multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposome‐mediated delivery of PTEN plasmids restore the expression of tumor suppressor protein and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Asal Raghu , Bhagat Stuti 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men and about one in nine will be diagnosed in his lifetime. Loss of PTEN has been considered as one of the major factors leading to the origin of prostate cancer through modulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In this study, we have prepared a multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposome containing PTEN plasmid and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs). The efficient delivery of PTEN plasmid to human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3) leads to restoration of the expression of lost PTEN protein in the cell cytoplasm. The delivered superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐mimetic CeNPs were also found to decrease the cytoplasmic free radical levels in prostate cancer cells. The above two activities induced DNA fragmentation and micronucleus formation in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, it was also found that these multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposomes inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to negatively regulate the cell viability of prostate cancer cells. The mRNA expression pattern of other relevant proteins predominantly involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis suggested that the high PTEN expression could control the synthesis of oncogenic proteins. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3152–3164, 2018.