bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Place pitch discrimination and speech recognition in cochlear implants users
Authors: Hanekom Johan J. , Shannon Robert V. 
Published: August 2019

The considerable variability in speech perception performance among cochlear implant patients makes it difficult to compare the effectiveness of different speech processing strategies. One result is that optimal individualized processor parameter setting is not always achieved. This paper investigates the relationship between place pitch discrimination ability and speech perception to establish whether pitch ranking could be used as an aid in better patient-specific fitting of processors. Three subjects participated in this study. Place pitch discrimination ability was measured and this information was used to design new channel to electrode allocations for each subject. Several allocations were evaluated with speech tests with consonant, vowel and sentence material. It is shown that there is correlation between the perceptual pitch distance between electrodes and speech perception performance. The results indicate that pitch ranking ability might be used both as an indicator of the speech perception potential of an implant user and in the choice of better electrode configurations.
Jong kinders se gebruik van kommunikasiefunksies vóór en ná kogleêre inplanting
Authors: Kaltenbrünn Inge , Louw Brenda , Hugo René 
Published: August 2019

Hierdie artikel beskryf vyf jong kinders met kogleêre inplantings se gebruik van kommunikasiefunksies, in 'n poging om die invloed van die kinders se vroeë intensionele kommunikasiegedrag op hulle individuele kommunikasievaardighede ná kogleêre inplanting te ondersoek. Video-opnames van elk van die vyf deelnemers in ongestruktureerde vryespelinteraksie met hulle versorgers, vóór kogleêre inplanting en twaalf en agtien maande ná kogleêre inplanting, is gebruik om die aard en die voorkoms van hulle kommunikasiefunksies oor tyd te identifiseer. Die Communicative Intention Inventory (Coggins & Carpenter, 1981) is gebruik om die kommunikatiewe gedrag van die deelnemers te klassifiseer volgens die soorte kommunikasiefunksies wat gebruik is. Resultate van die ondersoek toon dat die aard en die voorkoms van die kommunikasiefunksies merkbaar voor en ná kogleêre inplanting verskil het en die deelnemers se toenemende bevoegdheid om aan gespreksinteraksie deel te neem, gedemonstreer het. Individuele verskille tussen die deelnemers in hulle gebruik van heuristiese en informatiewe kommunikasiefunksies het moontlik 'n verklaring gebied vir die voorkoms van interklientvariasie in tempo van verbale kommunikasie-ontwikkeling ná kogleêre inplanting. Die resultate word as betekenisvol beskou in die kliniese besluitnemingsproses met betrekking tot die kogleêre-inplantingkandidaatskap van jong kinders onder die ouderdom van drie jaar met 'n ernstige gehoorverlies en hulle terapeutiese bantering. Die resultate dra ook by tot die identifisering van 'n objektiewe vroee kommunikasie evalueringsprotokol vir jong kinders met 'n ernstige gehoorverlies in 'n prelinguistiese stadium van taalontwikkeling.
Neosynthesis in economic theory
Authors: Kellik V. 
Published: August 2019

The large-scale transition from the system of (real) socialism to that of (mixed) capitalism was launched in central and eastern Europe in 1989, followed by the erstwhile republics of the USSR two years later. These developments also served to open the previously closed book of socialist economics to objective study and research. Much has been written on the subject by economists on both sides of the one-time iron curtain. But what are the impressions of an insider looking out'? It may come as a surprise that he might view the theoretical foundations of the market economy with serious misgivings.
Perspectives of primary healthcare providers on implementing cancer screening services in tribal block of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil Anushree D. , Salvi Neha R. , Shahina Begum , Pimple A. Sharmila , Mishra A. Gauravi , Chauhan L. Sanjay , Joshi Beena Nitin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Breast, cervical, and oral cancers contribute to majority of cancer deaths among women in India. However, there is poor implementation of screening programs at primary health care (PHC). There is a need to understand the perspectives of healthcare providers at PHC level for feasibility of implementation of a cost-effective cancer screening program, particularly in the rural and tribal areas that are under served by cancer services. Materials and Methods: A continuous medical education (CME) program on “Prevention and early detection of common cancers” was held for all Medical Officers of Palghar District, Maharashtra. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, perspectives regarding common cancers, screening methods, and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. A pre- and post-assessment was carried out before the commencement and on completion of the CME among 76 participants. Results: Knowledge about etiology of common cancers was high; however, awareness of risk factors was low. There were knowledge gaps about HPV vaccination. There was overall improvement about the available screening methods and knowledge of HPV vaccine and dosages after the CME (pretest 65% to posttest 95%). Providers had no experience in performing cervical cancer screening on a routine basis. While the majority of the providers (97%) indicated that screening for cancer was essential and feasible at PHC level; however, training (52%) and resources (53%) would be needed. Conclusion: Healthcare providers though from the underserved tribal areas, were optimistic to implement screening for common cancers and were willing to take training for the same. This emphasizes the need for educating and training the healthcare providers with simple techniques for effective implementation of cancer screening programs in underserved areas.
Temporal trends of &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs activity concentration in pond waters in the vicinity of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant
Authors: Wakiyama Yoshifumi , Konoplev Alexei , Wada Toshihiro , Takase Tsugiko , Igarashi Yasunori , Nanba Kenji , Byrnes Ian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Closed and semi-closed water bodies, such as lakes and
ponds, are important water resources in Fukushima area and they are the most
sensitive environments to radioactive contamination after the Fukushima
Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Wakiyama et al. (2017) investigated
137Cs activity in water and bottom sediment in four ponds; Suzuuchi (SU), Funasawa (FS), Inkyozaka (IZ), and Kashiramori (KM), within 10 km zone
from the FDNPP during 2015–2016. This study follows up their observation to address longer time trends of 137Cs activity concentration in pond waters and to show speciation of 137Cs in soil and bottom sediment.
Mean total 137Cs activity concentration in water ranged from
2.5 to 29 Bq L−1. There was not found steady trend in the activity concentration
of total and particulate 137Cs for four ponds. The concentration of
dissolved 137Cs was usually low in winter during the entire observation
period in all four ponds. A tendency to a decrease in the 137Cs
activity concentration in suspended sediments was found for four ponds and
the decreasing rate constants, including radiological decay, on SU, FS, IZ
and KM were 0.33, 0.53, 0.29 and 0.25 yr−1, respectively. The results
of sequential extractions of soil and bottom sediment samples showed higher
proportion of bioavailable 137Cs, i.e., exchangeable and organic bound
137Cs, in bottom sediment than in the soil.
Bitcoin and Venezuela's Unofficial Exchange Rate
Authors: Johnson Jackie 
Published: August 2019

Using Bitcoin trading data in Venezuelan bolivars from the LocalBitcoins peer-to-peer market place and using the theory of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), Bitcoin, as a single universal asset, is substituted for the ‘basket of goods’ normally used in the PPP, allowing the estimation of the relationship between the Venezuelan bolivar and the United States dollar. In this analysis Bitcoin is used as a tool to enable the calculation of the bolivars to dollars unofficial exchange rate and consequently the implied inflation rate. Using Bitcoin’s publicly available prices in this way enables a government’s economic mismanagement to be identified more quickly than the typical approach of measuring changes in the Consumer Price Index. Venezuela is currently in crisis, which this approach identifies as a problem as far back as 2014, as official and unofficial exchange rates diverge and inflation rates increase yearly reaching an unbelievable 70,000% in 2018 alone.
Desarrollando un modelo de participación social en el deporte para todos en Irán
Authors: Javadipoor M. , Zareian H. , Parsaju A. 
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio es diseñar un modelo de participación social en el deporte para todos en Irán. Basándose en la naturaleza exploratoria del tema de investigación, el método de estudio fue cualitativo y se llevó a cabo una estrategia de teoría fundamentada para diseñar un modelo de participación social en el deporte para todos en Irán. El muestreo fue intencional y tuvo un método de bola de nieve. La saturación teórica se obtuvo después de 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas con expertos en la materia, y, a continuación, se extrajeron las categorías principales después de completar un proceso de codificación. Los resultados de la codificación abierta revelaron que 811 indicadores iniciales y 184 indicadores finales determinaron las condiciones y estrategias causales, subyacentes e intermedias de la participación social en el deporte para todos en Irán. Los indicadores finales se clasificaron en 63 conceptos y 28 categorías en la codificación axial y, finalmente, las categorías identificadas como resultado de la codificación selectiva explicaron un modelo de participación social en el deporte para todos en Irán.
The present study aims to design a social participation model in Iran's sports for all. Based on the exploratory nature of the research subject, the study method was qualitative and a grounded theory strategy was carried out to design a social participation model in Iran's sports for all. Sampling was purposive and had a snowball method. The theoretical saturation was obtained after 27 deep and semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable experts, and then major categories were extracted after completing a coding process. Results of open coding revealed that 811 initial indicators and 184 final indicators determined causal, underlying and intervening conditions, strategies and consequences of social participation in Iran's sports for all. Final indicators were classified into 63 concepts and 28 categories in the axial coding, and finally identified categories resulting from selective coding explained a social participation model in Iran's sports for all.
Diseño de un modelo de evaluación del rendimiento deportivo en la provincia de Khouzestan, Irán, con Modelización Estructural Interpretativa
Authors: Mazarei E. , Heydarinejad S. , Shafienia P. , Zarra-Nezhad M. 
Published: August 2019

Cualquier organización deportiva necesita un sistema de evaluación del rendimiento para garantizar la conveniencia de sus actividades, especialmente en entornos dinámicos y complicados. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar Modelización Estructural Interpretativa (ISM) para proponer un modelo de evaluación del rendimiento para las oficinas de jóvenes y deportes en la provincia de Khuzestan, Irán. Este es un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-analítico. La población estadística estuvo formada por 120 expertos científicos y ejecutivos. Se invitó a 60 individuos a participar y, finalmente, se seleccionaron 30 individuos como los encuestados finales mediante un método de muestreo intencional. La herramienta de medición de datos fue un cuestionario elaborado por investigadores. Su validez fue confirmada por los expertos. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales para analizar los datos. Se empleó MATLAB para analizar los datos relativos al modelo estructural interpretativo. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las estrategias se encuentran en el área vinculada según el análisis de influencia poder y dependencia (Tabla MICMAC). Además, los resultados de la clasificación de la estrategia indicaron que las estrategias esenciales fueron: estrategias de planificación deportiva, legislación, eliminación de obstáculos estructurales, creación del consejo estratégico de deportes de la provincia, y enfoque de gestión estratégica.
Any sport organization intensively needs a performance evaluation system to ensure the desirability of its activities, particularly in dynamic and complicated environments. The objective of this study was to use interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to propose a performance evaluation model for the youth and sports offices in Khuzestan Province, Iran. This is a quantitative study of descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population consisted of 120 scientific and executive experts. 60 individuals were invited to participate, and finally, 30 individuals were selected as the final respondents by purposive sampling method. The data measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by the experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the data. MATLAB was employed to analyze the data concerning the interpretive structural model. The results showed that most of the strategies are in the linked area according to the analysis of the influence power and dependence (MICMAC Table). Moreover, the results of the strategy classification indicated that the most essential strategies were: strategies of sport preparation scheme, legislation, structural obstacles elimination, creation of the province sport strategic council, and strategic management approach.
Rice Production and Poverty Reduction in Agatu Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Moses Ogah, Odey , Ongbele Eyah, Jennifer , Rhoda Iorlamen, Torkwase 
Published: August 2019

The study was carried out to analyzed rice production and poverty reduction in Agatu local government area of Benue state, Nigeria. To this end, a multi-stage sampling technique was used. The first stage involved the purposive selection of five wards noted for high production of rice. Secondly, a simple random sampling was used to select twenty five respondents each from the five wards to sum up to one hundred and twenty five respondents used for the study. The analytical tools employed included simple descriptive statistics like mean, frequency distribution, percentages and tables and inferential statistics like logit regression model. The data used were from primary source and this was collected by administering of structured questionnaires to illicit information from the farmers. The results of the analysis revealed farmers to be in their active age, mostly married, males’ dominance, highly experienced and educated with large families. Annual income from rice production was significant in reducing poverty in the study area pseudo R2 value of 0.886. The overall Chi-Square value was significant at 1% level of probability, also log likelihood value of 135.27. The study recommends the need for credit to be extended to poor farmers to help stimulate their investment in order to increase their income. Farmers are also encouraged to engage in non-farm activities to raise their level of income.
Comparison of Phaco-chop and Divide and Conquer Methods in Grade 3-4 Cataract Patients
Authors: Yiğit Kenan 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of Grade3-4 cataract surgery performed with 2 phacoemulsification techniques (phaco-chop and divide-and-conquer).
Setting: Ministry of Health Tuzla State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.
Methods: This is prospective and randomized(double blind) study cataract surgery using two different techniques of nuclear fragmentation performed at the Tuzla State Hospital.100 patients eye with nuclear density from grade 3 to 4 were randomly subdivided into 2 groups (phaco-chop and divide-and-conquer). Intraoperative measurements included Phaco time (PT), effective phaco time(EPT), mean phaco power(MPP). Clinical measurements included preoperative and postoperative 1.day , 7. day, 30. day, and 60.day corrected distance visual acuity(BCVA), time to achieve BCVA, corneal edema rate and time to disappear corneal edema.
Results: Intraoperative measurements showed significantly less PT, EPT, and corneal edema with the phaco-chop technique than divide-and-conquer techniques in the grade 3-4 cataract density group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: 2 techniques may be effective for cataract surgery in mild and moderate cataracts. However, in eyes with hard cataract the phaco-chop technique can be more effective for lens removal, with less Phaco time and corneal edema, then the divide-and-conquer technique.
Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material, method or device mentioned.
Reaction Conditions for the Regiodivergent Direct Arylations at C2‐ or C5‐Positions of Oxazoles using Phosphine‐Free Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Shi Xinzhe , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo sets of reaction conditions for the regiodivergent C2‐ or C5‐ direct arylations of oxazole are reported. In both cases, phosphine‐free catalysts and inexpensive bases were employed allowing the access to the arylated oxazoles in moderate to high yields. Using Pd(OAc)2/KOAc as catalyst and base, regioselective C5‐arylations were observed; whereas, using Pd(acac)2/Cs2CO3 system, the arylation occurred at the C2‐position of oxazole. The higher reactivity of C5‐H bond of oxazole as compared to the C2‐H bond in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/KOAc system is consistent with a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism; whereas the C2‐arylation likely occurs via a simple base deprotonation of the oxazole C2‐position. Then, from these C2‐ or C5‐arylated oxazoles, a second palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H bond arylation affords 2,5‐diaryloxazoles with two different aryl groups. We also applied these sequential arylations to the straightforward synthesis of 2‐arylphenanthro[9,10‐d]oxazoles via three C−H bond functionalization steps. The Ru‐catalyzed C−H arylation of the aryl unit of 2‐aryloxazoles is also described.magnified image
Exploring contraction–expansion inertial microfluidic‐based particle separation devices integrated with curved channels
Authors: Shamloo Amir , Abdorahimzadeh Seyedamirhosein , Nasiri Rohollah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeparation of particles or cells has various applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Inertial cell separation, in particular, has been gaining a great attention in the recent years since it has exhibited a label‐free, high‐throughput and efficient performance. In this work, first, an inertial contraction–expansion array microchannel device, capable of passively separating two particles with diameters of 4 and 10 μm, was numerically studied. Then, the validated model was combined with curved geometries in order to investigate the effect of curve features on the separation process. The overall purpose was to investigate the interaction between the two different separation methods (separation with curved channels and with contraction–expansion arrays) to find an ideal model that can enjoy the merits of both contraction–expansion and curved channel based methods. Moreover, the relation between separation strength and the aspect ratio in the contraction and expansion zones of the simulated model as well as its height were examined. Then, a new model that combines the curved and the contraction–expansion geometries was tested for its efficiency. This new geometry showed that separation could be achieved with shorter lengths compared with straight contraction–expansion geometries.
Parental gonadal but not somatic mosaicism leading to de novo NFIX variants shared by two brothers with Malan syndrome
Authors: Hancarova Miroslava , Havlovicova Marketa , Putzova Martina , Vseticka Jan , Prchalova Darina , Stranecky Viktor , Sedlacek Zdenek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe importance of gonadal mosaicism in families with apparently de novo mutations is being increasingly recognized. We report on two affected brothers initially suggestive of X‐linked or autosomal recessive inheritance. Malan syndrome due to shared NFIX variants was diagnosed in the brothers using exome sequencing. The boys shared the same paternal but not maternal haplotype around NFIX, and deep amplicon sequencing showed ~7% of the variant in paternal sperm but not in paternal blood and saliva. We performed review of previous cases of gonadal mosaicism, which suggests that the phenomenon is not uncommon. Gonadal mosaicism is often not accompanied by somatic mosaicism in tissues routinely used for testing, and if both types of mosaicism are present, the frequency of the variant in sperm is often higher than in somatic cells. In families with shared apparently de novo variants without evidence of parental somatic mosaicism, the transmitting parent may be determined through haplotyping of exome variants. Gonadal mosaicism has important consequences for recurrence risks and should be considered in genetic counseling in families with de novo variants.
Optimal extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation inclusion criteria for favorable neurological outcomes: a single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Otani Takayuki , Sawano Hirotaka , Hayashi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2019

AimAlthough age ≤75 years, witnessed arrest, shockable initial cardiac rhythm, and short cardiac arrest duration are commonly cited inclusion criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), these criteria are not well‐established, and ECPR outcomes remain poor. We aimed to evaluate whether the aforementioned inclusion criteria are appropriate for ECPR, and estimate the improvements in prognoses associated with their fulfillment.MethodsBetween October 2009 and December 2017, we retrospectively examined consecutive out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients who were admitted to our hospital and received ECPR. We established four ECPR inclusion criteria: age ≤75 years, witnessed arrest, shockable initial cardiac rhythm, and call‐to‐hospital arrival time ≤45 min, and also evaluated the relationship between these criteria and patient outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,677 out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients were admitted to our hospital, and 156 (9%) with ECPR were examined. The proportion of favorable neurological outcomes was 15% (24/156). However, when the study population was limited to individuals who fulfilled all four criteria, 27% (15/55) had favorable neurological outcomes; only one patient had favorable outcomes when two or more criteria were fulfilled. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the proportion of cases with favorable neurological outcomes and fulfillment of the four criteria (P = 0.005, r = 0.975).ConclusionFulfillment of at least three of the aforementioned criteria could yield improved ECPR outcomes.