bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping in residual schizophrenia
Authors: Shah Ruchita , Grover Sandeep , Kulhara Parmanand 
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:
Persons with schizophrenia use various coping strategies to adapt to distressing symptoms as well as to deal with daily stressors. Efforts have been made to explore alternative frameworks of coping using Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) in persons with schizophrenia. This study aimed to re-analyze (factor analysis) the revised-WCC in Indian patients with residual schizophrenia. The secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of new framework of coping with psychopathology, disability and quality of life (QOL).

Methods:
Using a cross-sectional design, 103 patients with residual schizophrenia were assessed on WCC. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was carried out to determine the factor structure of WCC.

Results:
Factor analysis yielded six factors which explained 51.6 per cent of the total variance and had acceptable-to-good internal consistency. Based on the type of items loaded, the six factors were named as follows: active and growth-oriented coping, accepting and fantasizing, reflective and confrontative coping, detachment, seeking social support and negative emotional coping. Patients most often used coping strategy of seeking social support, followed by ‘accepting and fantasizing’ and ‘active and growth-oriented coping’. Correlation analysis showed that those who more often used ‘active and growth-oriented coping’ had less negative symptoms, lower level of disability and higher spiritual and overall QOL.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The factor structure of revised-WCC was different among patients with schizophrenia when compared with individuals without mental illness, living in the community. It was evident that use of certain adaptive coping strategies was associated with better QOL and lower level of psychopathology. Our findings provided a framework of coping in patients with residual schizophrenia and suggested that promotion of certain coping strategies might be useful in improving the QOL and reduction of psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia.
SwyftTapp: An NFC based attendance system using fingerprint authentication
Authors: Kommey B. , Anyane-Lah O. , Amuzu W.E. 
Published: February 2018

Attendance has evolved to become a key requirement in educational institutions worldwide. With empirical evidence showing correlation between students’academic performance and attendance, parents, guardians, lecturers and school administrations make effort to monitor attendance of students to classes and academic events. The conventional method for recording attendance in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), is the manual system, where sheets are passed round for students to write their names, student ID numbers and then append their signatures. The current manual system was observed to be both inefficient and time-consuming. In this paper we discuss the use of NFC technology coupled with fingerprint verification technology, designed to work with an API and a web-based application to implement a more effective approach for recording and managing attendance in the university. The Department of Computer Engineering, KNUST was used as the scope of the project.Keywords:Attendance, RFID, NFC, Fingerprint Technology, API, Web-based Management System
Heat transfer in a vertical rectangular duct filled with a porous matrix and saturated with a nanofluid for temperature dependent viscosity
Authors: Umavathi J.C. 
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive numerical study to analyze free convective heat transfer in a vertical rectangular duct filled with porous matrix and saturated with nanofluid for temperature dependent viscosity. Using the Darcy- Forchhiemer model, the momentum in the porous medium was simulated. While insulating two opposing wall ducts, the temperatures remained varied for the other two walls. Solutions to the transport equations for a Newtonian fluid were providednumerically through the finite difference approach to second order accuracy. The impact of the overriding parameters, for instance, the parameters of variable viscosity as well as inertial, the Grashof number, Darcy number, Brinkman number, solid volume index as well as the aspect ratio having a water-Copper nanofluid on the flow characteristics of natural convection is investigated. The flow nature using different nanoparticles is also studied. The values of volumetric flow rate, skin friction and Nusselt number are tabulated for pertinent parameters. It is found that for negative values of viscosity variation parameter the flow is enhanced in the lower part of the duct and positive values will enhance the flow in the upper part of the duct. Silver nanoparticle attains the maximum heat transfer rate when compared to other nanoparticles.Keywords: Natural convection; Darcy-Forchhiemer model; Nanofluids; Variable viscosity; Viscous dissipation; Rectangular duct; Finite difference method.
Preliminary evaluation of the potential of tree-ring cellulose content as a novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology
Authors: Ziehmer Malin M. , Nicolussi Kurt , Schlüchter Christian , Leuenberger Markus 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Cellulose content (CC (%)) in tree
rings is usually utilised as a tool to control the quality of the α-cellulose extraction from tree rings in the preparation of stable-isotope
analysis in wooden tissues. Reported amounts of CC (%) are often limited
to mean values per tree. For the first time, CC (%) series from two
high-Alpine species, Larix decidua Mill. (European Larch, LADE) and
Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine, PICE) are investigated in modern
wood samples and Holocene wood remains from the Early and mid-Holocene.
Modern CC (%) series reveal a species-specific low-frequency trend
independent of their sampling site over the past 150 years.
Climate–cellulose relationships illustrate the ability of CC (%) to
record temperature in both species but for slightly different periods within
the growing season. The Holocene CC (%) series illustrate diverging low-frequency trends in
both species, independent of sampling site characteristics (latitude,
longitude and elevation). Moreover, potential age trends are not apparent in
the two coniferous species. The arithmetic mean of CC (%) series in the
Early and mid-Holocene indicate low CC (%) succeeding cold events. In
conclusion, CC (%) in tree rings show high potential to be established as
novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology.
Observations of brine plumes below melting Arctic sea ice
Authors: Peterson Algot K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In sea ice, interconnected pockets and channels of brine are surrounded by
fresh ice. Over time, brine is lost by gravity drainage and flushing. The
timing of salt release and its interaction with the underlying water can
impact subsequent sea ice melt. Turbulence measurements 1 m below melting
sea ice north of Svalbard reveal anticorrelated heat and salt fluxes. From
the observations, 131 salty plumes descending from the warm sea ice are
identified, confirming previous observations from a Svalbard fjord. The
plumes are likely triggered by oceanic heat through bottom melt. Calculated
over a composite plume, oceanic heat and salt fluxes during the plumes
account for 6 and 9 % of the total fluxes, respectively, while only lasting
in total 0.5 % of the time. The observed salt flux accumulates to
7.6 kg m−2, indicating nearly full desalination of the ice. Bulk
salinity reduction between two nearby ice cores agrees with accumulated salt
fluxes to within a factor of 2. The increasing fraction of younger, more
saline ice in the Arctic suggests an increase in desalination processes with
the transition to the “new Arctic”.
Gezocht: integere en daadkrachtige verbinder (m/v)
Authors: Karsten Niels , Oostendorp Hans , van Kooten Frank 
Published: February 2018

Wanted: an integer and effective linker (m/f). The discriminatory power of profile descriptions for Dutch mayors evaluated
There is a lot of criticism on the profile descriptions in which Dutch municipalities express the requirements which they put on a new mayor to be appointed. They would look too much like each other and contain few real choices. This article describes the requirements Dutch municipalities put on candidate mayors and analyses the discriminatory power of profile descriptions. A content analysis of 231 profile descriptions and talks with five focus groups show that municipal councils especially ask for integer networkers and linkers, who are above all effective, empathic and communicative. The differences between municipalities in this respect are small and the municipal size hardly makes any difference. Municipal councils do not fully utilize the opportunities in profile descriptions for local customization and barely translate the local conditions into specific requirements. The explanation for this is partly located in isomorphic processes, that lead to uniformity: municipal councils follow the guide of the national government for the appointment process and copy texts from each other. At the same time the office of the mayor in the Netherlands asks for a specific content, that is translated into the profile descriptions. It is therefore the question if the criticism on profile descriptions is fully justified. They do have discriminatory power, although municipal councils could make much sharper choices in what they expect from a mayor, appropriate to the challenges the municipality faces.
Sincere Apologies
Authors: Luth-Morgan Margreet 
Published: February 2018

Sincere Apologies: The Importance of the Offender’s Guilt Feelings
This paper discusses the meaning and the importance of emotions, in particular the sincere guilt feelings of the offender. It is argued that the emotion of guilt reveals important information about the offender’s values and normative position. In the remainder of the paper, special consideration is awarded to the argument concerning ritual apologies, which might contain value even when insincere. This argument is rejected, on two grounds: 1. if the apology ritual does not aim for sincere guilt feelings, then the use of the symbol of apology is not fitting; and 2. if the apology ritual does aim for sincere guilt, then an insincere apology devalues the sincere expression.
Over verplichte excuses en spreekrecht
Authors: Geeraets Vincent , Veraart Wouter 
Published: February 2018

On compelled apologies and the victim’s right to be heard. What’s wrong with empirical-legal research on victimhood and victim rights?
The central question in this article is whether an empirical-legal approach of victimhood and victim rights could offer a sufficient basis for proposals of legal reform of the legal system. In this article, we choose a normative-critical approach and raise some objections to the way in which part of such research is currently taking place in the Netherlands, on the basis of two examples of research in this field, one dealing with compelled apologies as a possible remedy within civil procedural law and the other with the victim’s right to be heard within the criminal legal procedure. In both cases, we argue, the strong focus on the measurable needs of victims can lead to a relatively instrumental view of the legal system. The legal system must then increasingly be tailored to the wishes and needs of victims. Within this legal-empirical, victim-oriented approach, there is little regard for the general normative principles of our present legal system, in which an equal and respectful treatment of each human being as a free and responsible legal subject is a central value. We argue that results of empirical-legal research should not too easily or too quickly be translated into proposals for legal reform, but first become part of a hermeneutical discussion about norms and legal principles, specific to the normative quality of legal science itself.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of an Ion Diffusion Region With Large Guide Field at the Magnetopause: Current System, Electron Heating, and Plasma Waves
Authors: Zhou M. , Berchem J. , Walker R. J. , El‐Alaoui M. , Goldstein M. L. , Lapenta G. , Deng X. , Li J. , Le Contel O. , Graham D. B. , Lavraud B. , Paterson W. R. , Giles B. L. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Zhao C. , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of a reconnecting current sheet in the presence of a weak density asymmetry with large guide field at the dayside magnetopause. An ion diffusion region (IDR) was detected associated with this current sheet. Parallel current dominated over the perpendicular current in the IDR, as found in previous studies of component reconnection. Electrons were preferentially heated parallel to the magnetic field within the IDR. The heating was manifested as a flattop distribution below 400 eV. Two types of electromagnetic electron whistler waves were observed within the regions where electrons were heated. One type of whistler wave was associated with nonlinear structures in E|| with amplitudes up to 20 mV/m. The other type was not associated with any structures in E||. Poynting fluxes of these two types of whistler waves were directed away from the X‐line. We suggest that the nonlinear evolution of the oblique whistler waves gave rise to the solitary structures in E||. There was a perpendicular super‐Alfvénic outflow jet that was carried by magnetized electrons. Intense electrostatic lower hybrid drift waves were localized in the current sheet center and were probably driven by the super‐Alfvénic electron jet, the velocity of which was approximately equal to the diamagnetic drift of demagnetized ions. Our observations suggest that the guide field significantly modified the structures (Hall electromagnetic fields and current system) and wave properties in the IDR.
Imaging the Global Distribution of Plasmaspheric Oxygen
Authors: Goldstein J. , Chappell C. R. , Davis M. W. , Denton M. H. , Denton R. E. , Gallagher D. L. , Gladstone G. R. , Lecocke M. B. , Sandel B. R. , Windt D. L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential for 83.4 nm imaging of the plasmaspheric dense oxygen torus, using simple models for core plasma density and composition to constrain a simulated image code. We derive the requirements for plasmaspheric O+imaging, and the expected performance of an imager based on a slightly modified version of the IMAGE extreme ultraviolet camera. We find that such an imager can achieve a sensitivity of 0.69(s R pixel)−1, sufficient to capture the dense torus 83.4 nm signal with 25 min integration time. The background rejection ratios for this design are 1.5 × 10−4at 58.4 nm and 7.4 × 10−8for Lyman‐α. We discuss the effects of ion temperature and motion, and O++glow. We compute simulated O+images of the formation and global distribution of the dense torus. We also examine the possibility of direct observation of oxygen outflow from the ionosphere.
Statistical Study of Magnetic Topology for Eruptive and Confined Solar Flares
Authors: Cui Yanmei , Wang Haimin , Xu Yan , Liu Siqing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLarge flares and halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can often cause strong space environment disturbances and sequently a series of space environment effects. The X‐class flares associated with halo CMEs are particular prone to these effects. In this paper, 58 X‐class flares were collected and studied with the source locations in 30° from the disk center, which were observed from 1996 to 2015. Among these events, 48 flares were associated with CMEs and defined as “eruptive” events. The other 10 flares without CMEs were defined as “confined” flares. By comparing the properties of flares and associated magnetic fields for the two sets of samples, we found the following: (1) magnetic free energy and overlying transverse fields play important roles in producing solar eruptions. Eruptive flares with high‐speed CMEs tend to occur in active regions with more free energy and larger decay index. (2) CME speeds are affected by magnetic free energy, which are described by parameters of the unsigned magnetic flux, the area of polarity inversion region, and the strength of transverse fields in the low altitude. These parameters have moderate positive correlations with CME speeds.
Evidence for Radiative Recombination of O+ Ions as a Significant Source of O 844.6 nm Emission Excitation
Authors: Waldrop L. , Kerr R. B. , Huang Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhotoelectron (PE) impact on ground‐state O(3P) atoms is well known as a major source of twilight 844.6 nm emission in the midlatitude thermosphere. Knowledge of the PE flux can be used to infer thermospheric oxygen density, [O], from photometric measurements of 844.6 nm airglow, provided that PE impact is the dominant process generating the observed emission. During several spring observational campaigns at Arecibo Observatory, however, we have observed significant 844.6 nm emission throughout the night, which is unlikely to arise from PE impact excitation which requires solar illumination of either the local or geomagnetically conjugate thermosphere. Here we show that radiative recombination (RR) of O+ ions is likely responsible for the observed nighttime emission, based on model predictions of electron and O+ ion density and temperature by the Incoherent Scatter Radar Ionosphere Model. The calculated emission brightness produced by O + RR exhibits good agreement with the airglow data, in that both decay approximately monotonically throughout the night at similar rates. We conclude that the conventional assumption of a pure PE impact source is most likely to be invalid during dusk twilight, when RR‐generated emission is most significant. Estimation of [O] from measurements of 844.6 nm emission demands isolation of the PE impact source via coincident estimation of the RR source, and the effective cross section for RR‐generated emission is found here to be consistent with optically thin conditions.
First OH Airglow Observation of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Over European Russia Region
Authors: Li Qinzeng , Yusupov Kamil , Akchurin Adel , Yuan Wei , Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor the first time, we perform a study of mesospheric gravity waves (GWs) for four different seasons of 1 year in the latitudinal band from 45°N to 75°N using an OH all‐sky airglow imager over Kazan (55.8°N, 49.2°E), Russia, during the period of August 2015 to July 2016. Our observational study fills a huge airglow imaging observation gap in Europe and Russia region. In total, 125 GW events and 28 ripple events were determined by OH airglow images in 98 clear nights. The observed GWs showed a strong preference of propagation toward northeast in all seasons, which was significantly different from airglow imager observations at other latitudes that the propagation directions were seasonal dependent. The middle atmosphere wind field is used to explain the lack of low phase speed GWs since these GWs were falling into the blocking region due to the filtering effects. Deep tropospheric convections derived from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data are determined near Caucasus Mountains region, which suggests that the convections are the dominant source of the GWs in spring, summer, and autumn seasons. This finding extends our knowledge that convection might also be an important source of GWs in the higher latitudes. In winter the generation mechanism of the GWs are considered to be jet stream systems. In addition, the occurrence frequency of ripple is much lower than other stations. This study provides some constraints on the range of GW parameters in GW parameterization in general circulation models in Europe and Russia region.
The Origin and Mantle Dynamics of Quaternary Intraplate Volcanism in Northeast China From Joint Inversion of Surface Wave and Body Wave
Authors: Guo Zhen , Wang Kai , Yang Yingjie , Tang Youcai , John Chen Y. , Hung Shu‐Huei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a 3‐D model of NE China by joint inversion of body and surface waves. The joint inversion significantly improves the resolution at shallow depths compared with body wave tomography alone and provides seismic evidence for the origin of Quaternary volcanism in NE China. Our model reveals that the mantle upwelling beneath the Changbaishan volcano originates from the transition zone and extends up to ~60 km, and spreads at the base of the lithosphere with the upwelling head ~5 times wider than the raising tail in the lower upper mantle. However, low velocities beneath the Halaha and Abaga volcanoes in the Xingmeng belt are confined to depths shallower than 150 km, suggesting that magmatism in the Xingmeng belt is more likely caused by localized asthenospheric upwelling at shallow depths rather than from the common deep source. A small‐scale sublithospheric mantle convection may control the spatial and temporal distribution of Quaternary magmatism in NE China; that is, the upwelling beneath the Changbaishan volcano triggers the downwelling beneath the southern Songliao basin, where the high velocity imaged extends to ~300 km. The downwelling may further induce localized upwelling in the surrounding areas, such as the Halaha and Abaga volcanoes. Thanks to the joint constraints from both surface and body waves, we can estimate the dimension of the convection cell. The convection cell is located between 42°N and 45°N, spreads around ~500 km in the W‐E direction measured from the distance between centers of downwelling and upwelling, and extends to ~300 km vertically.
Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse‐Grained Reservoirs
Authors: Cook Ann E. , Waite William F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccurately quantifying the amount of naturally occurring gas hydrate in marine and permafrost environments is important for assessing its resource potential and understanding the role of gas hydrate in the global carbon cycle. Electrical resistivity well logs are often used to calculate gas hydrate saturations, Sh, using Archie's equation. Archie's equation, in turn, relies on an empirical saturation parameter, n. Though n = 1.9 has been measured for ice‐bearing sands and is widely used within the hydrate community, it is highly questionable if this n value is appropriate for hydrate‐bearing sands. In this work, we calibrate n for hydrate‐bearing sands from the Canadian permafrost gas hydrate research well, Mallik 5L‐38, by establishing an independent downhole Sh profile based on compressional‐wave velocity log data. Using the independently determined Sh profile and colocated electrical resistivity and bulk density logs, Archie's saturation equation is solved for n, and uncertainty is tracked throughout the iterative process. In addition to the Mallik 5L‐38 well, we also apply this method to two marine, coarse‐grained reservoirs from the northern Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project: Walker Ridge 313‐H and Green Canyon 955‐H. All locations yield similar results, each suggesting n ≈ 2.5 ± 0.5. Thus, for the coarse‐grained hydrate bearing (Sh > 0.4) of greatest interest as potential energy resources, we suggest that n = 2.5 ± 0.5 should be applied in Archie's equation for either marine or permafrost gas hydrate settings if independent estimates of n are not available.