bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first complete mitochondrial genome of marigold pest thrips,Neohydatothrips samayunkur(Sericothripinae) and comparative analysis
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Tyagi Kaomud , Kundu Shantanu , Chakraborty Rajasree , Singha Devkant , Chandra Kailash 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe complete mitogenomes in order Thysanoptera is limited to subfamily Thripinae heretofore. In the present study, we sequenced the first mitochondrial genome ofNeohydatothrips samayunkur(15,295 bp), a member of subfamily Sericothripinae. The genome was characterized by 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and three control regions (CRs). This mitogenome had two overlapping regions of 4 bp and twenty four intergenic spacers accounting for 165 bp. All the tRNA had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except fortrnV and trnSwhich lacked DHU stem and loop. The mitogenomes ofN. samayunkurwas highly rearranged with many unique features as compared to other thrips mitogenomes,atp6andnad1were terminated with TAG and TGA stop codons respectively; location oftrnL2,trnA,trnC, andtrnVwas rearranged; and the first control region (CR1) was upstream ofnad6.The phylogenetic analysis of 13 PCGs implementing maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed the clustering ofN. samayunkurwithScirtothrips dorsalissupporting theScirtothripsgenus-group and Sericothripinae morphology based relationships. Generation of more mitogenomes from different hierarchical level in the order Thysanoptera is required to understand the gene rearrangements, phylogeny and evolutionary relationships.
Finite element analysis of magnetohydrodynamic flow over flat surface moving in parallel free stream with viscous dissipation and Joule heating
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh , Choudhary Mohan Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate two-dimensional viscous incompressible magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over a continuous moving flat surface considering the viscous dissipation and Joule heating.

Design/methodology/approach
Suitable similarity variables are introduced to reduce the governing nonlinear boundary layer partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. A numerical solution of the resulting two-point boundary value problem is carried out by using the finite element method with the help of Gauss elimination technique.

Findings
A comparison of obtained results is made with the previous work under the limiting cases. Behavior of flow and thermal fields against various governing parameters like mass transfer parameter, moving flat surface parameter, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number are analyzed and demonstrated graphically. Moreover, shear stress and heat flux at the moving surface for various values of the physical parameters are presented numerically in tabular form and discussed in detail.

Originality/value
The work is relatively original, as very little work has been reported on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer over a continuous moving flat surface. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating are neglected in most of the previous studies. The numerical method applied to solve governing equations is finite element method which is new and efficient.
Influence of wire’s surface topography on interwire contact performance of simple spiral strand
Authors: Meng Fanming , He Jing , Gong Xiansheng 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to research the influence of wire’s surface topography on interwire contact performance of simple spiral strand.

Design/methodology/approach
The mechanical model of the simple spiral strand imposed by a tensile load is first established, into which the surface topography, Poisson’s ratio effect and radial deformation are incorporated simultaneously. Meanwhile, the Gaussian and non-Gaussian rough surfaces of the steel wires are obtained with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and digital filter technology. Then, the rough interwire contact performance of the simple spiral strand is calculated by using conjugate gradient method and FFT.

Findings
As compared with smooth wire surface, both the longitudinal orientation for the Gaussian wire surface and large kurtosis or small skewness for the non-Gaussian surface yield a small contact pressure and stress.

Originality/value
This study conducts detailed discussion of the influence of wire’s surface topography on the interwire contact performance for the simple spiral strand and gives a beneficial reference for the design and application of a wire rope.
Implications of Central banks’ negative policy rates on financial stability
Authors: Kay Benjamin S. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
While central bankers have widely discussed the trade-offs of negative interest rates on monetary policy, the consequences of negative rates on financial stability are less well understood. The purpose of this paper is to examine the likely and possible financial stability consequences of a negative rates policy with particular focus on banks, short-term funding markets, foreign exchange markets, asset managers, pension funds and insurers.

Design/methodology/approach
It draws from international experience with negative interest rates to identify financial stability threats posed to any economy by negative interest rates, and it also highlights where the US experience is likely to differ.

Findings
In time, financial market threats and other logistical issues of a negative interest rate policy can be managed or overcome. Even cumulatively, these threats are likely to be small as long as the rates remain only modestly negative. However, if the rates remain negative for long periods or they become more sharply negative, the rewards of avoiding negative rates increase.

Originality/value
Does the negative interest rate policy directly or through these challenges of implementation present a substantial obstacle to achieving financial stability objectives? As policy rates go negative in a greater share of the global economy, the financial stability consequences remain poorly understood and under discussed.
Innovation in education: what works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it?
Authors: Serdyukov Peter 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analytical review of the educational innovation field in the USA. It outlines classification of innovations, discusses the hurdles to innovation, and offers ways to increase the scale and rate of innovation-based transformations in the education system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature survey and author research.FindingsUS education badly needs effective innovations of scale that can help produce the needed high-quality learning outcomes across the system. The primary focus of educational innovations should be on teaching and learning theory and practice, as well as on the learner, parents, community, society, and its culture. Technology applications need a solid theoretical foundation based on purposeful, systemic research, and a sound pedagogy. One of the critical areas of research and innovation can be cost and time efficiency of the learning.Practical implicationsSeveral practical recommendations stem out of this paper: how to create a base for large-scale innovations and their implementation; how to increase effectiveness of technology innovations in education, particularly online learning; how to raise time and cost efficiency of education.Social implicationsInnovations in education are regarded, along with the education system, within the context of a societal supersystem demonstrating their interrelations and interdependencies at all levels. Raising the quality and scale of innovations in education will positively affect education itself and benefit the whole society.Originality/valueOriginality is in the systemic approach to education and educational innovations, in offering a comprehensive classification of innovations; in exposing the hurdles to innovations, in new arguments about effectiveness of technology applications, and in time efficiency of education.
Attributions of service quality: immigrant customers’ perspective
Authors: Sichtmann Christina , Micevski Milena 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether and how strongly cultural (mis)matches influence immigrant customers’ satisfaction, as well as if this relationship is mediated by cultural or service employee performance attributions. In addition, the authors test whether attributions differ depending on the service delivery outcome (success vs failure).

Design/methodology/approach
The 2 (origin of service employee: Austria or Turkey) × 2 (service delivery outcome: success or failure) scenario-based experiment includes 120 Turkish immigrant customers in Austria.

Findings
Contrary to previous research, the results indicate that in an immigrant customer context, cultural (mis)match does not influence customer satisfaction. The service delivery outcome is a boundary condition. With a positive service delivery outcome, immigrant customers attribute the results to the cultural background of the employee if it is the same as their own, but they attribute success to employees’ performance if they belong to the immigration destination culture. For negative service delivery outcomes, neither cultural nor performance attributions arise.

Originality/value
This study is the first to focus specifically on immigrant customer behavior in a high-involvement service context. The results challenge the predictions of social identity theory and the similarity-attraction paradigm and highlight that the immigrant context is unique. In this context, attributions play a key role in determining customer satisfaction.
The implementation of the concept of environmental carrying capacity into spatial management of cities
Authors: Świąder Małgorzata 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Uncontrolled and unsustainable urban development has a significant impact on the overall quality of the environment. Contemporary spatial management does not take into account the non-economic conditions of ecosystem functions and their biophysical limits, which results in a deterioration of the environment. Furthermore, urban development continues all over the world, which is associated with a projected population increase, particularly in cities. Therefore, there is need to include analyses in the field of environmental carrying capacity (ECC) for more sustainable spatial management and development. The ECC concept is a tool for sustainable development of human settlements. It could be defined as threshold level of anthropopressure, which the environment is able to balance and withstand without serious degradation and irreversible changes. The use of ECC assessment will help ensure the needs of the city’s residents, which are conditioned by the environment. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This review study presents an overview of the ECC concept and its potential for use in spatial management at local level, especially for cities. The content analysis introduces definitions of spatial management and others main actions of spatial economy as well as the definitions of ECC. The overview of existing ECC models is a part of presented review.

Findings
The paper shows the ECC approach from global to local level on Poland as an example country.

Originality/value
The literature review identified that the idea of ECC could be a useful concept and tool for sustainable spatial development and management. This concept allows for verification of the resources and environmental state of given territory unit. Therefore, the assessment of ECC allows to verify if development of given area, for instance country, region or even city, is conducted within the framework of sustainable principles. Despite this, the assessment of ECC is not taken into account when future spatial management is defined. Thus, this circumstance could be a reason for this research area development.
Complexity and systemic organizational redirection
Authors: Reed John C. , Higgins George Edward 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of officers’ perceptions of complexity in merging organizational change components (culture, mission, values, decentralization, policies and procedures, administrative reporting practices, weapons, contract, pay, benefits, patrol boundaries, equalization of workload, size of boundaries, communications, 10-codes, and car numbers) during a major metropolitan police department consolidation.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study utilizes data collected from 390 sworn officers from two agencies in Kentucky that were merged, the Louisville Division of Police and the Jefferson County Police Department. Statistical inquiry included factor analysis and a series of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (controlling for demographic measures).

Findings
Results revealed a noteworthy, positive effect on support for consolidation related to the complexity of three factors: benefits, mission, and policies.

Originality/value
To date, the relevance of complexity on support for organizational change and, more specifically, police consolidation, is unknown. With this study, the authors aim to add to the discussion.
The consequences of traumatic events on resilience among South Korean police officers
Authors: Park Oi Byung , Im Hyuk , Na Chongmin 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Drawing on survey data from South Korean police officers, the purpose of this paper is to explore the mediation effects of coping self-efficacy and social support in the relationship between the impact of traumatic events and resilience. Additionally, the moderation effects were assessed to examine how this relationship varies by the state of police officers’ mental health.

Design/methodology/approach
Both multiple mediation and multiple group models within the structural equation modeling framework were adopted to assess the proposed mediating and moderating effects.

Findings
Traumatic events affect resilience not just directly but also indirectly through mediating factors such as coping self-efficacy and social support. These patterns are more pronounced in the high-risk mental health group than in the normal group.

Practical implications
If exposure to traumatic events were an unavoidable aspect of police work, helping officers build resilience as a general capacity to overcome stressful situations would be an effective strategy to prevent many negative consequences associated with the traumatic events. This study examined specific causal mechanisms linking the impact of traumatic events to resilience to better understand the process of developing resilience among police officers.

Originality/value
Instead of further examining the relationship between impact of traumatic events and other physical and mental outcomes, this study attempted to expand the current literature by identifying important mediating and moderating mechanisms that reduce the negative influences of traumatic events on resilience.
Investing in people: salary and turnover in policing
Authors: Schuck Amie M. , Rabe-Hemp Cara E. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between voluntary and involuntary turnover and officers’ salaries.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, Poisson regression was used to test hypotheses about the effect of pay and other economic incentives on turnover, while controlling for previously identified influential organizational and community factors, such as crime, community disorganization, geographic region, policing philosophy, collective bargaining, the utilization of body-worn cameras, and workforce diversity.

Findings
Higher salaries were significantly associated with lower voluntary and involuntary turnover rates. In addition, other economic incentives and participation in a defined benefits retirement plan were related to voluntary separations but not dismissals. Consistent with prior research, southern agencies and sheriff’s departments reported higher turnover rates than local police agencies and departments operating in other areas of the USA. The effects of workforce diversity were mixed, while collective bargaining was associated with lower rates of voluntary turnover, and the utilization of body-worn cameras was associated with higher rates.

Originality/value
In addition to contributing to the theoretical literature on antecedents of turnover, this research has practical implications by helping law enforcement officials estimate how changes in the compensation structure affect their ability to retain qualified personnel. Due to the complexities of modern law enforcement, maintaining a strong and stable workforce is becoming a greater challenge, and more research is needed to understand which incentives are crucial in recruiting and retaining the most effective policing personnel.
Using step‐selection functions to model landscape connectivity for African elephants: accounting for variability across individuals and seasons
Authors: Osipova L. , Okello M. M. , Njumbi S. J. , Ngene S. , Western D. , Hayward M. W. , Balkenhol N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLandscape connectivity is an important component of systematic conservation planning. Step‐selection functions (SSFs) is a highly promising method for connectivity modeling. However, differences in movement behavior across individuals and seasons are usually not considered in current SSF‐based analyses, potentially leading to imprecise connectivity models. Here, our objective was to use SSFs to build functional connectivity models for African elephants Loxodonta africana in a seasonal environment to illustrate the temporal variability of functional landscape connectivity. We provide a methodological framework for integrating detected inter‐individual variability into resistance surface modeling, for assessing how landscape connectivity changes across seasons, and for evaluating how seasonal connectivity differences affect predictions of movement corridors. Using radio‐tracking data from elephants in the Borderland area between Kenya and Tanzania, we applied SSFs to create seasonal landscape resistance surfaces. Based on seasonal models, we predicted movement corridors connecting major protected areas (PAs) using circuit theory and least‐cost path analysis. Our findings demonstrate that individual variability and seasonality lead to substantial changes in landscape connectivity and predicted movement corridors. Specifically, we show that the models disregarding seasonal resource fluctuations underestimate connectivity for the wet and transitional seasons, and overestimate connectivity for the dry season. Based on our seasonal models, we predicted a connectivity network between large PAs and highlight seasonal and consistent patterns that are most important for effective management planning. Our findings reveal that elephant movements in the borderland between Kenya and Tanzania are essential for maintaining connectivity in the dry season, and that existing corridors do not protect these movements in full extent.
Transmembrane member 16A participates in hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis by facilitating mitochondria‐dependent pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zeng Jia‐Wei , Chen Bao‐Yi , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Sun Lu , Zeng Xue‐Lin , Zheng Hua‐Qing , Du Yan‐Hua , Wang Guan‐Lei , Ma Ming‐Ming , Guan Yong‐Yuan 
Published: July 2018

Background and PurposeTransmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), an intrinsic constituent of the Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular remodelling. However, the functional significance of TMEM16A for apoptosis in basilar artery smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether and how TMEM16A contributes to apoptosis in BASMCs.Experimental ApproachCell viability assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, immunogold labelling and co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) were performed.Key ResultsHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced BASMC apoptosis through a mitochondria‐dependent pathway, including by increasing the apoptosis rate, down‐regulating the ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax and potentiating the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. These effects were all reversed by the silencing of TMEM16A and were further potentiated by the overexpression of TMEM16A. Endogenous TMEM16A was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. Co‐IP revealed an interaction between TMEM16A and cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This interaction was up‐regulated by H2O2 but restricted by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of cyclophilin D. TMEM16A increased mPTP opening, resulting in the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3. The results obtained with cultured BASMCs from TMEM16A smooth muscle‐specific knock‐in mice were consistent with those from rat BASMCs.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that TMEM16A participates in H2O2‐induced apoptosis via modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability in VSMCs. This study establishes TMEM16A as a target for therapy of several remodelling‐related diseases.
Facts and Possibilities: A Model‐Based Theory of Sentential Reasoning
Authors: Khemlani Sangeet S. , Byrne Ruth M. J. , Johnson‐Laird Philip N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article presents a fundamental advance in the theory of mental models as an explanation of reasoning about facts, possibilities, and probabilities. It postulates that the meanings of compound assertions, such as conditionals (if) and disjunctions (or), unlike those in logic, refer to conjunctions of epistemic possibilities that hold in default of information to the contrary. Various factors such as general knowledge can modulate these interpretations. New information can always override sentential inferences; that is, reasoning in daily life is defeasible (or nonmonotonic). The theory is a dual process one: It distinguishes between intuitive inferences (based on system 1) and deliberative inferences (based on system 2). The article describes a computer implementation of the theory, including its two systems of reasoning, and it shows how the program simulates crucial predictions that evidence corroborates. It concludes with a discussion of how the theory contrasts with those based on logic or on probabilities.