bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative cross-species analyses identify deficits in habituation learning as a widely affected mechanism in Autism
Authors: Fenckova Michaela , Asztalos Lenke , Cizek Pavel , Singgih Euginia L. , Blok Laura E.R. , Glennon Jeffrey C. , IntHout Joanna , Zweier Christiane , Eichler Evan E. , Bernier Raphael A. , Asztalos Zoltan , Schenck Annette 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough habituation is one of the most ancient and fundamental forms of learning, its regulators and relevance for human disease are poorly understood.MethodsWe manipulated the orthologs of 286 genes implicated in intellectual disability (ID) with or without comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) specifically in Drosophila neurons, and tested these models in light-off jump habituation. We dissected neuronal substrates underlying the identified habituation deficits and integrated genotype-phenotype annotations, gene ontologies and interaction networks to determine the clinical features and molecular processes that are associated with habituation deficits.ResultsWe identified more than 100 genes required for habituation learning. For the vast majority of these, 93 genes, a role in habituation learning was previously unknown. These genes characterize ID disorders with overgrowth/macrocephaly and comorbid ASD. Moreover, ASD individuals from the Simons Simplex Collection carrying disruptive de novo mutations in these genes exhibit increased rates of specific aberrant behaviors including stereotypic speech, hyperactivity and irritability. At the molecular level, ID genes required for normal habituation are enriched in synaptic function and converge on Ras-MAPK signaling. Both increased Ras-MAPK signaling in GABAergic and decreased Ras-MAPK signaling in cholinergic neurons specifically inhibit the adaptive habituation response.ConclusionsOur work demonstrates the relevance of habituation learning to autism, identifies an unprecedented number of novel habituation players, supports an emerging role for inhibitory neurons in habituation and reveals an opposing, circuit-level-based mechanism for Ras-MAPK signaling. This establishes habituation as a possible, widely applicable target for pharmacologic intervention in ID/ASD.
Machine learning reveals missing edges and putative interaction mechanisms in microbial ecosystem networks
Authors: DiMucci Demetrius , Kon Mark , Segrè Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicrobes affect each other’s growth in multiple, often elusive ways. The ensuing interdependencies form complex networks, believed to influence taxonomic composition, as well as community-level functional properties and dynamics. Elucidation of these networks is often pursued by measuring pairwise interaction in co-culture experiments. However, combinatorial complexity precludes the exhaustive experimental analysis of pairwise interactions even for moderately sized microbial communities. Here, we use a machine-learning random forest approach to address this challenge. In particular, we show how partial knowledge of a microbial interaction network, combined with trait-level representations of individual microbial species, can provide accurate inference of missing edges in the network and putative mechanisms underlying interactions. We applied our algorithm to two case studies: an experimentally mapped network of interactions between auxotrophic E. coli strains, and a large in silico network of metabolic interdependencies between 100 human gut-associated bacteria. For this last case, 5% of the network is enough to predict the remaining 95% with 80% accuracy, and mechanistic hypotheses produced by the algorithm accurately reflect known metabolic exchanges. Our approach, broadly applicable to any microbial or other ecological network, can drive the discovery of new interactions and new molecular mechanisms, both for therapeutic interventions involving natural communities and for the rational design of synthetic consortia.ImportanceDifferent organisms in a microbial community may drastically affect each other’s growth phenotype, significantly affecting the community dynamics, with important implications for human and environmental health. Novel culturing methods and decreasing costs of sequencing will gradually enable high-throughput measurements of pairwise interactions in systematic co-culturing studies. However, a thorough characterization of all interactions that occur within a microbial community is greatly limited both by the combinatorial complexity of possible assortments, and by the limited biological insight that interaction measurements typically provide without laborious specific follow-ups. Here we show how a simple and flexible formal representation of microbial pairs can be used for classification of interactions with machine learning. The approach we propose predicts with high accuracy the outcome of yet to be performed experiments, and generates testable hypotheses about the mechanisms of specific interactions.
Organizational cynicism – what every manager needs to know
Authors: Thomas Nobin , Gupta Sonakshi 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The study aims to address what is organizational cynicism, review past literature to find out what leads to organizational cynicism, its consequences for organizations, and pinpoint practical implications for managers.

Design/methodology/approach
This review is prepared by an independent writer who has amalgamated several other voices from different researchers/scholars and finally, adds his own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The effects of organizational cynicism on employees are strong and rising. The review points to the need for paying serious attention to the concept of “organizational cynicism”, which is an attitudinal negativity and if left unchecked, can cost the organization dearly. However, with interventions in place, perhaps, organizations can control the negative effects of organizational cynicism.

Originality/value
Based on a selective literature review, the article anchors on the change perspective of organizational cynicism and offers a number of learning and development implications for managers.
Improving resilience in high-risk organizations: principles for the design of innovative training situations
Authors: Flandin Simon , Poizat Germain , Durand Marc 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Safety and organizational research indicates that fostering resilience in organizations is a promising way for improving safety, albeit concrete means to implement resilience are still lacking, especially in the educational field. The purpose of this paper is to propose four principles for training design derived from past and current studies the authors conduct in high-risk organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
Training for resilience is considered within an enactive approach of human activity building on its properties of autonomy, structural coupling, self-organization, emergence, sensemaking, and metastability.

Findings
The article describes four educational design principles aiming at improving individual, collective, and organizational resilience: encourage mimetic experiences; pay attention to attention and concernedness; perturb and turn into an event; support participatory-sensemaking and collective sensemaking.

Research limitations/implications
The training program the authors propose may be challenging to assess. Besides, the most durable solutions to improve safety through resilience are to be found at the crossroad between organizational design and training/development policies. Future research should determine the implementability criteria which are likely to support the use of the principles the authors propose, and contribute to enrich this educational foundation.

Originality/value
Education and training are conceived herein as high-order means to improve safety through resilience in high-risk organizations, fostering the capacity of the operators and organization to develop efficiently and in the long run. We provide independent but complementary training principles that cannot be hierarchized, but that can be locally prioritized in organizations.
Impact of oil and gas price shocks on the non-performing loans of banks in an oil and gas-rich economy
Authors: Saif-Alyousfi Abdulazeez Y.H. , Saha Asish , Md-Rus Rohani 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the impact of oil and gas prices shocks on the non-performing loans (NPLs) of banks at the aggregate as well as at the level of commercial and Islamic banks in Qatar over the period 2000-2016.Design/methodology/approachUsing the West Texas Intermediate Database, BankScope Database, World Bank’s World Development Indicators Database, and International Monetary Fund Database, the authors use a one-step system generalized method of moments dynamic model to examine and compare the association between oil and gas prices shocks with NPLs in Qatari banks. The authors also test the hypotheses of direct and indirect impacts of oil price shocks and gas price shocks on bank NPLs.FindingsThe results indicate that oil price shocks and gas price shocks do not have directly affect NPLs of Qatari banks at the aggregate level, while they have indirect effects that are channeled through the country-specific macroeconomic and institutional factors. The authors find that oil and gas prices shocks affect NPLs of Qatari Islamic banks directly through extended oil and gas-related cash flows, while their impact on the NPLs of Qatari commercial banks is indirect. In other words, Islamic banks in Qatar greatly benefits from increased cash flow caused by the rise in the oil and gas prices, which make their NPLs, much lower than that in commercial banks. Better capital cushion, better managerial efficiency, better risk management, and liquidity management systems should be used by the Islamic banks in Qatar to expand their customer base. The authors also find that positive fiscal stance of the government reduces the NPLs in both commercial and Islamic banks.Practical implicationsThe results of this study necessitate policy measures that can counter the effects of changes in oil and gas prices on the growth of bank NPLs.Originality/valueIt is widely recognized that oil and gas prices and the level of production are of great importance to the economic development of oil and gas-exporting countries. So far, however, no econometric study has been reported in the literature which analyses and compares the impact of oil and gas prices shocks on the NPLs of commercial and Islamic banks and also at the aggregate level in any of the oil economies. Thus, this study provides the first empirical evidence on distinct direct and indirect channels through which oil and gas prices shocks may affect bank NPLs.
Supporting property valuation with automatic reconciliation
Authors: d’Amato Maurizio 
Published: March 2018

PurposeValuation is a professional activity based on international and local standards. In the valuation process more than one method can be modified. In this case, a final reconciliation of different opinions of value may be required. It is a matter of fact that the final result of these different valuation methods may vary. Therefore, in the final part of the valuation process, the valuer is required to assign a weight to the different methodologies to reach an appropriate opinion of value. This process is essentially based on valuer’s expertise. This paper aims to propose an automatic procedure of calculating the weights to assist the valuer in the valuation process.Design/methodology/approachThe work provides methodologies to assign the weights through simple mathematical procedures that can be used to support subjective judgement in the valuation process. The models proposed can be applied to other phases of reconciliation inside the valuation process and are based on the collection of previous property data in the same market segment.FindingsTwo different methodologies are proposed to support valuers in the valuation process and in particular in the phase of the choice of the weights for final reconciliation purposes.Research limitations/implicationsThe implication is the development of an information system to support the appraiser in providing these weights. The models proposed are only two but represent a future, much larger field of research.Practical implicationsThe models may help in determining more consistent valuation reports.Social implicationsConsistent valuation reports for the determination of mortgage lending value may contribute to the stability of the social and economic system, especially after the 2008 non-agency mortgage crisis.Originality/valueThese are original models proposed in literature for such kind of problems.
CFTC announces new self-reporting and cooperation program
Authors: Bondi Bradley J. , Slovick David , Wheatley Michael 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
To provide an overview of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC’s) new self-reporting and cooperation program.

Design/methodology/approach
Summarizes the key features of the CFTC’s new cooperation program and the CFTC’s statement of its purpose in enacting the program; provides the authors’ views on the likely implications of the program for CFTC enforcement actions.

Findings
Whether the CFTC’s self-reporting and cooperation program will be a useful tool for deterring misconduct remains to be seen as the CFTC begins to implement it, but there are indications that it may encourage cooperation. If properly implemented, the program has the potential to benefit the CFTC and regulated parties significantly.

Originality/value
Practical insights on a new CFTC policy from experienced civil enforcement lawyers.
SEC focuses on initial coin offerings: tokens may be securities under federal securities laws
Authors: Senderowicz Jeremy I. , Grafton K. Susan , Spangler Timothy , Brown Kristopher D. , Schaffer Andrew J. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
To explain the recent determination by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with respect to so-called “token sales” or “initial coin offerings” (ICOs) that some tokens may be securities under federal securities laws and to address other recent actions by the SEC with respect to ICOs.

Design/methodology/approach
Reviews the SEC’s determination that some tokens issued in an ICO may be securities under federal securities laws as outlined by the SEC’s Division of Enforcement in a “Report of Investigation Pursuant to Section 21(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: The DAO.” Provides overview of SEC Investor Alert, Investor Bulletin, and recent comments and actions of the Staff regarding investment in ICOs and provides guidance to those interested in participating in an ICO as an investor or issuer.

Findings
These actions by the SEC make it clear that the SEC is closely monitoring the market for ICOs, and that it wants potential investors and issuers to be aware that it is watching and may take action if it believes the securities laws have been violated.

Originality/value
Practical overview of recent developments and guidance from experienced securities and financial services lawyers.
Adjunctive nutrients in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and neurobiological mechanisms
Authors: Firth Joseph , Rosenbaum Simon , Ward Philip B. , Curtis Jackie , Teasdale Scott B. , Yung Alison R. , Sarris Jerome 
Published: March 2018

AimThe effects of nutrient‐based treatments, including adjunctive vitamin or antioxidant supplementation, have been explored extensively in long‐term schizophrenia. However, no systematic evaluation of trials in “first‐episode psychosis” (FEP) has been conducted, despite the potential benefits of using these treatments during the early stages of illness. Therefore, we aimed to review all studies examining efficacy, tolerability and the biological mechanisms of action, of nutrient supplementation in FEP.MethodsA systematic review of electronic databases was conducted from inception to July 2017. All information on feasibility, clinical outcomes and mechanistic findings from nutrient supplementation clinical trials was extracted and systematically synthesized.ResultsEleven studies with a total of 451 patients with FEP (from 8 independent randomized controlled trials) were eligible for inclusion. Six studies examined omega‐3 fatty acids, with inconsistent effects on psychiatric symptoms. However, mechanistic studies found significant improvements in hippocampal neuronal health and brain glutathione. Antioxidants “n‐acetyl cysteine” (n = 1) and vitamin C (n = 2) also improved oxidative status in FEP, which was associated with reduced psychiatric symptoms. No benefits were found for vitamin E (n = 1). Finally, one study trialling the amino acid taurine, showed significant improvements in positive symptoms and psychosocial functioning.ConclusionThere is preliminary evidence that taurine improves outcomes in FEP, whereas effects of omega‐3 and antioxidant vitamins/amino‐acids are inconsistent; perhaps mainly benefitting patients with high levels of oxidative stress. Future studies should evaluate multifaceted dietary and supplementation interventions in FEP; targeting‐specific nutritional deficits and the range of aberrant biological processes implicated in the disorder.
Examining the Robustness of Grasping Force Optimization Methods Using
Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Cloutier Aimee , Yang James 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The development of robust and adaptable methods of grasping force optimization (GFO) is an important consideration for robotic devices, especially those which are designed to interact naturally with a variety of objects. Along with considerations for the computational efficiency of such methods, it is also important to ensure that a GFO approach chooses forces which can produce a stable grasp even in the presence of uncertainty. This paper examines the robustness of three methods of GFO in the presence of variability in the contact locations and in the coefficients of friction between the hand and the object. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the resulting probability of failure and sensitivity levels when variability is introduced. Two numerical examples representing two common grasps performed by the human hand are used to demonstrate the performance of the optimization methods. Additionally, the method which yields the best overall performance is also tested to determine its consistency when force is applied to the object's center of mass in different directions. The results show that both the nonlinear and linear matrix inequality (LMIs) methods of GFO produce acceptable results, whereas the linear method produces unacceptably high probabilities of failure. Further, the nonlinear method continues to produce acceptable results even when the direction of the applied force is changed. Based on these results, the nonlinear method of GFO is considered to be robust in the presence of variability in the contact locations and coefficients of friction.
Simple Effective Conservative Treatment of Uncertainty From Sparse
Samples of Random Variables and Functions
Authors: Romero Vicente J. , Schroeder Benjamin B. , Dempsey James F. , Breivik Nicole L. , Orient George E. , Antoun Bonnie R. , Lewis John R. , Winokur Justin G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the variability of predicted responses when multiple stress–strain curves (reflecting variability from replicate material tests) are propagated through a finite element model of a ductile steel can being slowly crushed. Over 140 response quantities of interest (QOIs) (including displacements, stresses, strains, and calculated measures of material damage) are tracked in the simulations. Each response quantity's behavior varies according to the particular stress–strain curves used for the materials in the model. We desire to estimate or bound response variation when only a few stress–strain curve samples are available from material testing. Propagation of just a few samples will usually result in significantly underestimated response uncertainty relative to propagation of a much larger population that adequately samples the presiding random-function source. A simple classical statistical method, tolerance intervals (TIs), is tested for effectively treating sparse stress–strain curve data. The method is found to perform well on the highly nonlinear input-to-output response mappings and non-normal response distributions in the can crush problem. The results and discussion in this paper support a proposition that the method will apply similarly well for other sparsely sampled random variable or function data, whether from experiments or models. The simple TI method is also demonstrated to be very economical.
Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Stenotrophomonas pavanii BWK1, Isolated from Mareca penelope Feces
Authors: Kenzaka Takehiko , Tani Katsuji 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Migratory birds serve as vectors by transmitting antibiotic-resistant bacteria across large distances. Here, we isolated a multidrug-resistant
Stenotrophomonas pavanii
strain, BWK1, from
Mareca penelope
feces. Analysis of the draft genome sequence of the isolated strain indicated that BWK1 harbors a class A beta-lactamase, metallo-beta-lactamase, and several multidrug efflux pumps.
King-Devick concussion test performs poorly as a screening tool in elite rugby union players: a prospective cohort study of two screening tests versus a clinical reference standard
Authors: Fuller Gordon Ward , Cross Matthew J , Stokes Keith A , Kemp Simon P T 
Published: March 2018

Background
The King-Devick (KD) test is an objective clinical test of eye movements that has been used to screen for concussion. We characterised the accuracy of the KD test and the World Rugby Head Injury Assessment (HIA-1) screening tools as methods of off-field evaluation for concussion after a suspicious head impact event.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed in elite English rugby union competitions between September 2016 and May 2017. The study population comprised consecutive players identified with a head impact event with the potential to result in concussion. The KD test was administered off-field, alongside the World Rugby HIA-1 screening tool, and the results were compared with the preseason baseline. Accuracy was measured against a reference standard of confirmed concussion, based on the clinical judgement of the team doctor after serial assessments.

Results
145 head injury events requiring off-field medical room screening assessments were included in the primary analysis. The KD test demonstrated a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI 49.0 to 70) and a specificity of 39% (95% CI 26 to 54) in identifying players subsequently diagnosed with concussion. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for prolonged KD test times was 0.51 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.61). The World Rugby HIA-1 off-field screening tool sensitivity did not differ significantly from the KD test (sensitivity 75%, 95% CI 66 to 83, P=0.08), but specificity was significantly higher (91%, 95% CI 82 to 97, P<0.001). Although combining the KD test and the World Rugby HIA-1 multimodal screening assessment achieved a significantly higher sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 86% to 97%), there was a significantly lower specificity of 33% (95% CI 21% to 48%), compared with the HIA-1 test alone.

Conclusions
The KD test demonstrated limited accuracy as a stand-alone remove-from-play sideline screening test for concussion. As expected with the addition of any parallel test, combination of the KD test with the HIA-1 off-field screening tool provided improved sensitivity in identifying concussion, but at the expense of markedly lower specificity. These results suggest that it is unlikely that the KD test will be incorporated into multimodal off-field screening assessments for concussion at the present time.