bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary impact of SITA (SMS as an Incentive To Adhere): A mobile technology-based intervention informed by behavioral economics to improve ART adherence among youth in Uganda
Authors: MacCarthy Sarah , Wagner Zachary , Mendoza-Graf Alexandra , Gutierrez Carlos Ignacio , Samba Clare , Birungi Josephine , Okoboi Stephen , Linnemayr Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Studies report serious adherence problems among youth (individuals age 15 to 24 years of age) in Uganda. Recent growth in mobile phone ownership among Ugandan youth has highlighted the potential of using text-based interventions to improve ART adherence. We therefore developed and conducted a randomized controlled trial and examined the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary impact of a pilot intervention providing weekly real-time antiretroviral adherence feedback, based on information from a smart pill box, to HIV-positive Ugandan youth.

Methods

We randomized participants to a control group, or to receive messages with information on either their own adherence levels (Treatment 1 - T1), or their own adherence and peer adherence levels (Treatment 2 – T2). We conducted six focus groups with providers and youth ages 15-24, double coded interviews, and achieved a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.79.

Result

The quantitative and qualitative data show that the intervention was deemed acceptable and feasible. The direction and magnitude of the treatment effects for T2 are promising. Adherence in the control group decreased from 80% to 70% by the end of the study. In the T2 group, adherence increased initially and remained between 80% and 85% for the duration of the study. Regression models estimate a 3 percentage point increase in adherence in the initial 9 weeks of the study in the T2 group relative to the control, which grows to a 9 percentage point increase by the last 9 weeks of the study. The T1 intervention shows no signs of impact; adherence in the T1 group decreased from 84% to 74%. This pilot study was not powered to detect statistical differences.

Conclusions

Improving youth’s adherence by supplementing information about their adherence with information about adherence of peers is a promising new strategy that should be further evaluated in a fully-powered study. Providing one’s own adherence information alone appears to have less potential.
HLA class I restricted epitopes prediction of common tumor antigens in Caucasoid and Oriental ethnic populations: implication on antigen selection for tumor specific CD8+ T cellular immunotherapy and cancer vaccine design
Authors: Hu Wei , Meifang He , Liangping Li 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Tumor antigens processed and presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I alleles are important targets in tumor immunotherapy. Clinical trials showed that CD8+ T cells specific to tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor neoantigens is one of the main factors resulting tumor regression. Affinity prediction of tumor antigen epitopes to HLA is an important reference index for peptide selection which is highly individualized.
Results
In this study, we selected 6 CTAs (cancer-testis antigens) commonly used in cancer immunotherapy and top 95 hot mutations from the Cancer Genome Atlas for analyzing potential epitopes with high affinities to the common HLA class I molecules in Caucasoid and Oriental ethnic population respectively. The results showed that the overall difference of CTAs epitope prediction is small between the two populations. Meanwhile, there is a linear relationship between the CTAs peptide length and the relative overall epitope occurrence. However, the difference is bigger for epitopes prediction of missense mutations between the two populations. It’s worth noting that, both in the two populations, the single point mutations with the highest incidences have the lowest epitope occurrence while the mutations with the highest epitope occurrence are with low mutation incidence. This may be the result of long-term selection by the host immunosurveillance. The characteristic of predicted epitopes of frameshift / inframe insertion mutations was approximately halfway between the other two antigens above.
Conclusion
Our results provide clues for tumor antigen and epitope selection in specific CD8+ T cellular immunotherapy and cancer therapeutic vaccine design.
The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley
Authors: Yousefirad Sareh , Soltanloo Hassan , Ramezanpour Sayad Sanaz , Zaynalinezhad Khalil , Shariati Vahid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/­[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.
Linguistic Analysis of Pediatric Residency Personal Statements: Gender Differences &amp; Implications for Implicit Bias in the Resident Selection Process
Authors: Babal Jessica , Gower Aubrey , Frohna John , Moreno Megan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

All US residency programs require applicants to submit personal statements. Prior studies showed gender differences in personal statement writing, which has implications for gender bias in the application process, but previous studies have not considered the dual influence of specialty-specific values on personal statement writing by applicants of each gender.

Objective

To understand gender differences in pediatric residency personal statements

Methods

From 2017-2018, we performed linguistic analysis of personal statements written by interviewees at a mid-size US pediatrics residency during two prior academic years. We assessed writing tone, communal language, and agentic language. We performed t-tests to evaluate for gender differences, p<0.05.

Results

We analyzed personal statements from 85 male and 85 female interviewees. Average word count was 676 words. Personal statements demonstrated analytic writing style with authentic and positive emotional tone. We found no gender differences in communal language for social affiliation (p=0.31), adjectives (p=0.49), or orientation (p=0.48), which deviates from typical gender norms for male language use. Males used agentic language of reward more frequently (p=0.02).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that social language is valued in pediatrics, a predominantly female specialty, regardless of applicant gender. Use of reward language by males is consistent with previous findings. Future studies should evaluate gender differences in residency applications across specialties to advance understanding of the role gender plays in the application process.
Factors other than hTau overexpression that contribute to tauopathy-like phenotype in rTg4510 mice
Authors: Gamache Julia , Benzow Kellie , Forster Colleen , Kemper Lisa , Hlynialuk Chris , Furrow Eva , Ashe Karen H. , Koob Michael D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The tauopathy-like phenotype observed in the rTg4510 mouse line, in which human tauP301L expression specifically within the forebrain can be temporally controlled, has largely been attributed to high overexpression of mutant human tau in the forebrain region. Unexpectedly, we found that in a different mouse line with a targeted-insertion of the same transgene driven by the same tetracycline-TransActivator (tTA) allele, but with even higher overexpression of tauP301L than rTg4510, atrophy and tau histopathology are delayed, and a different behavioral profile is observed. This suggests that it is not overexpression of mutant human tau alone that contributes to the phenotype in rTg4510 mice. Furthermore we show that the tauopathy-like phenotype seen in rTg4510 requires a ~70-copy tau-transgene insertion in a 244kb deletion in Fgf14, a ~7-copy tTA-transgene insertion in a 508kb deletion that disrupts another five genes, in addition to high transgene overexpression. We propose that these additional effects need to be accounted for in any studies using rTg4510, and that Tg-INDEL mutations and their impacts on phenotype should be defined for all transgenic models used in biomedical research.
The "Cantankerous Old People" Next Door: How Old Age Is Represented in Serbian Television Commercials
Authors: Milosavljević Ljubica 
Published: June 2019

This paper is the result of a three-month monitoring of Serbian television commercials which aimed to study the way elderly people are represented in the media. Elderly people appear in only six commercials, more often as a functional part of a series than as protagonists. Yet in spite of the small number of commercials in which they appear, it is easy to identify the stereotypes which are translated from a social paradigm into the sphere of the media. The stereotypes on which commercials are based belong for the most part to the corpus of negative stereotypes of elderly people as hopelessly behind the times, feeble, lonely, irritating, cantankerous, etc. Some positive stereotypes are also evident, but they are mostly limited to a perception of elderly people as kindly givers of useful advice. It is interesting to note that the "cantankerous people next door" are as a rule anonymous elderly people, as are those "lost in time and space", who are mostly elderly women. In contrast, those who let their careers and images be associated with a certain product, in order to pass on their great experience and knowledge, are as a rule famous persons.
Just as it is possible to make a distinction between commercials depending on whether or not the products advertised are targeted at the elderly – which they rarely are – and whether elderly people appear in leading or supporting roles, in order to make viewers laugh or annoy them, so it is possible to distinguish between the "real-life principle", which involves the translation of the society’s dominant attitudes into commercials, and "commercial reality", which either makes old age invisible or "masks" it so that it is pleasant to the eye. The reason that old people are absent from television commercials or are mostly represented in a negative light is to be found in the low purchasing power of this age group, but also in the fact that advertising in Serbia developed practically overnight, and therefore has not always been able to follow foreign advertising trends, which treat the elderly as a worthy target audience for commercials.
TerrHum: An iOS Application for Classifying Terrestrial Humipedons and Some Considerations about Soil Classification
Authors: Zanella A. , Katzensteiner K. , Ponge J.‐F. , Jabiol B. , Sartori G. , Kolb E. , Le Bayon R.‐C. , Aubert M. , Ascher‐Jenull J. , Englisch M. , Hager H. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
A common humus classification system improves communication among soil scientists.
A cellular phone application can be used for global soil mapping and monitoring purposes.
The humus classification can be combined with different soil classification systems.
The name TerrHum is an abbreviation of the words “Terrestrial” (not hydromorphic, not submerged) and “Humipedon” (organic and organic‐mineral humus horizons). With this application, it is possible to describe and classify terrestrial forest and grassland topsoils in a system published as a Special Issue entitled “Humusica 1– Terrestrial Natural Humipedons” in the journal Applied Soil Ecology. The iOS application TerrHum allows the storage of the main content of Humusica 1 on a cellular phone. Images, diagrams and simplified tables of classification may be recalled with a few touches on the screen. Humus forms, representing five humus systems, are classified based on the vertical arrangement of diagnostic horizons and their attributes. TerrHum allows accessing specific figures that are stored in a virtual cloud and can be downloaded the first time the user recalls them. Once all figures have been opened in the device, the application is ready to use, without any further internet connection. The application is in continuous evolution.
Ghana's post-MDGs sanitation situation: an overview
Authors: Appiah-Effah Eugene , Duku Godwin Armstrong , Azangbego Naziru Yakubu , Aggrey Ransford Kojo Aduafo , Gyapong-Korsah Barbara , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Ghana's sanitation situation post-Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It specifically examines why the MDG target on sanitation was missed, Ghana's preparedness towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) sanitation target, potential barriers and opportunities for the sanitation sector. An eight step policy analysis framework guided the review. The findings indicate that the low sanitation has largely been driven by rather complex economics, institutional and sociocultural factors including inadequate financial commitment, poor implementation of policies, bad attitude and perception towards sanitation and extensive use of shared and public toilets. Nevertheless, it was found that recent reforms and programmes in the sanitation sector such as the creation of new Sanitation and Water Resource Ministry, National Sanitation Authority (NSA), introduction of sanitation surcharges included in property tax, and programmes such as the Greater Accra Municipal Assembly sanitation and water project put Ghana in a better position to rapidly increase its coverage. However, efforts would have to be accelerated by forging partnerships with the private sector to provide efficient and low-cost technologies, financial schemes, human and technical resources for improved service delivery.
Anterior Uveitis with Negative Work-up: Giant Cell Arteritis Remains the Pet Peeve
Authors: Mercier Camille , Scheiber Mathilde , Lez Marie-Laure Le , Erra Benoit , Bigot Adrien , Diot Elisabeth 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), is the most common primary vasculitis. It
affects large vessels such as the aorta and its branches. According to Chapel Hill Consensus, GCA
is one of the larger vessel vasculitis. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation of the large
arteries. The most frequent presentation consists of headache, polymyalgia, and jaw claudication.
GCA can put the visual prognosis at risk, and rapid diagnosis is compulsory. Cotton wool spots,
due to focal inner retinal ischemia, are an early diagnostic ophthalmological sign. The most frequent
presentation is a rapid, partial or complete blindness. However, atypical presentations, such
as uveitis, especially in the anterior chamber, can delay diagnosis.

Case Report:
We report a 75-year-old woman with GCA who initially presented with anterior uveitis
and without any other clinical sign. At the beginning, there was the only ophthalmic sign and
systemic inflammation, the all exhaustive work-up including positron emission tomography (PET)
scan was negative. The biology was fully normal without auto-immune profile (Angiotensin converting
enzyme level, Interferon Gamma Release Assay, Syphilis serology, antinuclear antibody
titer, Rheumatoid factor, CCP antibodies, and chest x-ray were normal. HLA B27 was negative). In
the following weeks, she subsequently developed large vessel vasculitis with headache and more
typical sign. She developed cotton wool spots linked to retinal arteriolar hypoperfusion. Anterior
uveitis has been reported rarely in GCA and moreover, it is very uncommon at the early stages of
GCA. Our case stresses that uveitis onset can precede large vessels vasculitis and typical symptoms
of GCA. PET-scan is a useful tool for atypical GCA, but its sensitivity is not perfect, and its repetition
can be helpful in selected cases such as that of this patient.
Synthesis, In vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-Amino-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Ullah Hayat , Rahim Fazal , Taha Muhammad , Hussain Raffaqat , Wadood Abdul , Nawaz Mohsan , Wahab Zainul , Kanwal  , Khan Khalid M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
In the recent past, we have synthesized and reported different derivatives
of oxadiazoles as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors, keeping in mind, the pharmacological aspects
of oxadiazole moiety and in continuation of our ongoing research on the chemistry and bioactivity
of new heterocyclic compounds.

Methods:
1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives (1-14) have been synthesized and characterized by different
spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS.

Result:
The synthetic derivatives were screened for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. All compounds
exhibited good inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging between 0.80 ± 0.1 to 45.1 ±
1.7 μM in comparison with the standard acarbose having IC50 value 38.45 ± 0.80 μM.

Conclusion:
Thirteen compounds 1-6 and 8-14 showed potential inhibitory activity as compared to
the standard acarbose having IC50 value 38.45 ± 0.80 μM, however, only one compound 7 (IC50 =
45.1 ± 1.7 μM) was found to be less active. Compound 14 (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.1 μM) showed promising
inhibitory activity among all synthetic derivatives. Molecular docking studies were also conducted
for the active compounds to understand the ligand-enzyme binding interactions.
Avatars of Latin Schooling: Recycling Memories of Latin Classes in Western Poetry: Five Paradigmatic Cases
Authors: Cullhed Anders 
Published: June 2019

This paper tries to elucidate the significance of Latin schooling for the production of poetry by lining up five typical cases of recycling Roman texts, from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. The French poet Baudri de Bourgueil (ca 1050–1130) rewrote Ovid’s Heroides 16–17 within a cultural context, characteristic of the incipient “Ovidian age,” aetas ovidiana, based on classroom practices such as paraphrase, accessus and glosses, presupposing a sense of historical continuity – or translatio studii et imperii – from Antiquity down to the twelfth century. In his great work, The Comedy, the Florentine Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) reused Ovid in a quite different way, representative of the allegorizing tendencies noticeable in Italy and France towards the end of the Ovidian age. The Early Modern motto ad fontes, on the other hand, presupposed a breach between ancient and present times, none the less possible (and surely commendable) to bridge by means of imitation within the framework of studia humanitatis and a new philological culture, made possible by the printing press. This cultural paradigm shift is illustrated by a look at a famous sonnet by the Spanish Golden Age poet Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645). Finally, our modern and postmodern era, characterized by an ambivalent attitude to the classical heritage, is represented by the Anglo-American poet T.S. Eliot (1888–1965) and his Swedish successor Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961), both of whom remembered their Latin classes in their mature poetry, marked by irony, distance and, probably, nostalgia.
Follicular choristoma in the third eyelid of an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)
Authors: Darden Joshua E. , Winkel-Blair Andrea M. , Edwards Erin E. , Hoppes Sharman M. , Mansell Joanne , Scott Erin M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
A 1-year-old male eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) with a 3- to 4-month history of blepharospasm in the right eye was referred to a veterinary medical teaching hospital for further evaluation. Conventional medical treatments had been ineffective. The referring avian specialist had plucked a suspected ectopic feather from the right eye 6 weeks prior to the referral evaluation.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
The parrot was sedated, and ophthalmic examination of the right eye with slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a 3 × 2 × 2-mm raised vascular mass with a focally pigmented center associated with the temporal aspect of the leading edge of the third eyelid. No abnormalities were detected in the left eye.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
The parrot was anesthetized, and the right eye mass was excised and submitted for histologic examination. Histologically, there was a single pigmented feather follicle bulb surrounded by multiple discrete lymphoid follicles and moderate lymphoplasmacytic inflammation within the substantia propria of the third eyelid conjunctiva. The histologically normal feather follicle in an abnormal location classified the lesion as a choristoma. Nine months after surgery, the parrot had no signs of ocular discomfort and no overt regrowth of the feather follicle.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
For the eclectus parrot of this report, a lesion caused by normal differentiation of an ectopic feather follicle in the right third eyelid was successfully treated. A third eyelid choristoma appears to be a hitherto unreported pathological finding in avian species. Although rare, the presence of a choristoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for birds with blepharospasm.