bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persian
Authors: Toosarvandani Maziar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere are elliptical constructions in Persian whose properties diverge from their better-studied counterparts in other languages. A type of verb phrase ellipsis removes the non-verbal element and internal arguments of a complex predicate; it can also strand a simple verb that has undergone head movement to a low verbal functional projection. The language does not have obligatory wh-movement, so sluicing is derived instead through a movement operation that is driven from information structure. Gapping, stripping, and fragment answers may arise from the same movement operation, as gapping and stripping allow for their antecedent to be embedded, and stripping and fragment answers are insensitive to island constraints. Persian also has right-node raising and noun phrase ellipsis, though their properties are relatively less understood.
Neural Mechanisms of Expertise
Authors: Ullén Fredrik , de Manzano Örjan , Mosing Miriam A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter summarizes key findings from the literature on neuroanatomical and functional correlates of expertise, concluding that expertise is related to macroanatomical properties of domain-relevant brain regions and ultrastructural properties of both the gray and the white matter. The consequence of these neural adaptations is a capacity for vastly more efficient performance of domain-specific tasks. In functional terms, this depends on multiple mechanisms that are situated at different levels of neural processing. These mechanisms include automation and alterations in functional connectivity, as well as specializations within memory systems and sensorimotor systems that optimize the processing of information that is relevant for the particular domain of expertise. Finally, the chapter discusses the neural mechanisms of expertise from the perspective of new models that emphasize a multifactorial perspective and take into account both genetic and environmental influences on expertise and its acquisition.
The Art of the Catacombs
Authors: Bisconti Fabrizio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The art of the catacombs was born in Rome between the second and third centuries and is manifested especially in the pictorial decorations of the cubicula and other hypogeal environments. The extremely simplified artistic typology echoes the Second Pompeian style through the use of red and green lines that run across the walls and the faces of the monuments. Initially this grid contained neutral figures selected from the pagan repertoire; later those images were replaced by Christian scenes inspired by biblical and salvific imagery. The art of the catacombs also includes funerary sculpture, particularly sarcophagi, and the so-called minor arts, such as gilded glass, ivory dolls, and mosaic tesserae. The catacombal decorations ended at the beginning of the fifth century, when funerary use ceased in these subterranean cemeteries.
Archaeology of Early Christianity in Egypt
Authors: Brooks Hedstrom Darlene L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses the evolution of scholarly interest in Christian antiquities in Egypt after 1900. The archaeology of early Christianity developed much later than the field of Egyptology and initially focused only upon the clearing of monumental churches. Growing interest in Byzantine art and archaeology in the mid-1920s fostered greater support for excavations of expressly Christian settlements, which were primarily monastic communities. The wealth of archaeological evidence preserved in Egypt’s arid climate, such as documentary evidence (ostraca and papyri), textiles, manuscripts, and small finds such as items made of leather, reeds, ivory, and wood, helped foster a greater appreciation for Egypt’s history after the age of the pharaohs.
Endangered Tenderness
Authors: Fisk Charles 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
At a lecture in 1984 about the figure of the alienated Fremdling in Schubert’s Winterreise song cycle, I understood more clearly than ever before why Franz Schubert was the composer with whom I had most identified as I struggled with my own homosexuality. In a flash, the term Fremdling came to identify a figure who haunted not only Schubert’s songs, but also much of his instrumental music—a queer, existentially imperiled figure whose expressions of tenderness were so often overshadowed by ominous or disquieting musical elements. Frederic Chopin is another composer whose music has strongly resonated with my own experience of sexual and affective dysphoria, not only in the longer pieces, in which the promise of emotional fulfillment is either denied or ambiguous, but also in the melancholy nostalgia of many of the shorter pieces, especially in those with ambiguously evocative, duetlike textures.
Transgender Passing Guides and the Vocal Performance of Gender and Sexuality
Authors: Pennington Stephan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
There has been a consistent interest in how people perform gender vocally. An under-utilized source of insight into the vocal presentation of self can be found in the passing guides transgender people circulate amongst themselves that analyze how cisgender people perform gender through the voice. This chapter uses transgender passing guides, feminist sociolinguistics, and vocal pedagogy literature to present a consolidated set of tools to analyze the construction of normative gender vocal performance. After presenting these tools, the chapter then uses them to analyze the musical performances of cisgender artists trying to pass as a different gender, cisgender queer artists twisting those vocal norms in order to make themselves audible as queer, and cisgender artists trying to pass as their own gender.
Construction of thermostable cellobiohydrolase I from the fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus by protein engineering
Authors: Nakabayashi Makoto , Kamachi Saori , Malle Dominggus , Yanamoto Toshiaki , Kishishita Seiichiro , Fujii Tatsuya , Inoue Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFungus-derived GH-7 family cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI, EC 3.2.1.91) is one of the most important industrial enzymes for cellulosic biomass saccharification. Talaromyces cellulolyticus is well known as a mesophilic fungus producing a high amount of CBHI. Thermostability enhances the economic value of enzymes by making them more robust. However, CBHI has proven difficult to engineer, a fact that stems in part from its low expression in heterozygous hosts and its complex structure. Here, we report the successful improvement of the thermostability of CBHI from T. cellulolyticus using our homologous expression system and protein engineering method. We examined the key structures that seem to contribute to its thermostability using the 3D structural information of CBHI. Some parts of the structure of the Talaromyces emersonii CBHI were grafted into T. cellulolyticus CBHI and thermostable mutant CBHIs were constructed. The thermostability was primarily because of the improvement in the loop structures, and the positive effects of the mutations for thermostability were additive. By combing the mutations, the constructed thermophilic CBHI exhibits high hydrolytic activity toward crystalline cellulose with an optimum temperature at over 70°C. In addition, the strategy can be applied to the construction of the other thermostable CBHIs.
Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in Spanish salaried workers: evidence from 15 614 men and women
Authors: Matilla-Santander Nuria , Espinola Marina , Cartanyà-Hueso Àurea , Lidón-Moyano Cristina , González-Marrón Adrián , Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Martínez Sánchez Jose M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To describe the prevalence of Spanish workers with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and those at risk of developing MetS in 2015.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of workers (n = 15 614). We used a modified definition of the NCEP:ATPIII criteria for MetS (we used body mass index (BMI) above 28.8 kg/m2 instead of the waist circumference criterion). We calculated the prevalence of MetS (having at least three components) and of being at risk of MetS (having one or two components). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of MetS according to socio-economic and workplace characteristics.

Results
The proportions of workers with and at risk of MetS were 7.1 and 31.9%, respectively. The most prevalent criterion was having a BMI > 28.8 kg/m2 (24.1%) in men and cHDL < 40 mg/dl in women (12.9%). There were significant associations between MetS and men (aOR compared to women = 3.73, CI 95%: 3.19; 4.36); age (higher among oldest, aOR = 5.75, CI 95%: 4.37;7.56); and social class (higher among lower social class, aOR = 2.03, CI 95%: 1.65;2.48).

Conclusion
Reducing any of the five MetS components, while taking into account the differences found by socio-economic and workplace characteristics, should be one priority for reducing MetS prevalence.
Social Cognition, Language, and Social Behavior in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High-Risk of Developing Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7—A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Christiani Camilla Jerlang , Jepsen Jens R M , Thorup Anne , Hemager Nicoline , Ellersgaard Ditte , Spang Katrine S , Burton Birgitte K , Gregersen Maja , Søndergaard Anne , Greve Aja N , Gantriis Ditte L , Poulsen Gry , Uddin Md Jamal , Seidman Larry J , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin J , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To characterize social cognition, language, and social behavior as potentially shared vulnerability markers in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP).

Methods
The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study VIA7 is a multisite population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children extracted from the Danish registries. The population-based controls were matched to the FHR-SZ children on age, sex, and municipality. The FHR-BP group followed same inclusion criteria. Data were collected blinded to familial high-risk status. Outcomes were social cognition, language, and social behavior.

Results
The analysis included 202 FHR-SZ children (girls: 46%), 120 FHR-BP children (girls: 46.7%), and 200 controls (girls: 46.5%). FHR-SZ children displayed significant deficits in language (receptive: d = −0.27, P = .006; pragmatic: d = −0.51, P < .001), social responsiveness (d = −0.54, P < .001), and adaptive social functioning (d = −0.47, P < .001) compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Compared to FHR-BP children, FHR-SZ children performed significantly poorer on adaptive social functioning (d = −0.29, P = .007) after Bonferroni correction. FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children showed no significant social cognitive impairments compared to controls after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusion
Language, social responsiveness, and adaptive social functioning deficits seem associated with FHR-SZ but not FHR-BP in this developmental phase. The pattern of results suggests adaptive social functioning impairments may not be shared between FHR-BP and FHR-SZ in this developmental phase and thus not reflective of the shared risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Posterior Thoracolumbar Instrumented Fusion for Burst Fractures
Authors: Ituarte Felipe , Wiegers Nicholas W. , Ruppar Todd , Goldstein Christina , Nourbakhsh Ali 
Published: January 2019

Study Design:
This was a meta-analysis study.

Objective:
To compare different posterior spine fixation methods for burst fracture fixation.

Summary of Background Data:
This study was performed to elucidate if the current body of literature supports one posterior spinal fusion fixation method for burst fracture to minimize the rate of implant failure and progression of posttraumatic kyphosis.

Materials and Methods:
An extensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed for pertinent articles. The articles were examined against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data pertaining to kyphosis angle, Frankel score, vertebral level, blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, postoperative bracing, instrument failure, complications, and follow-up were collected. A random effects model was chosen due to variation among the individual studies’ patient populations and surgical methods.

Results:
A total of 23 publications were eventually deemed eligible according to the criteria and included into this study. The group with 2 levels above and 1 below with intermediate screws had the greatest maintenance of spine kyphosis and lowest implant failure at final follow-up (P<0.001). There was no difference between the periods of hospital stay (P=0.788) and blood loss (P=0.154) among different tiers.

Conclusions:
A fixation method consisting of 2 levels above and 1 below with intermediate screws for the thoracolumbar burst fractures showed the highest correction of kyphosis angle both at immediate and final follow-up and also the lowest implant failure at final follow-up.
Clinical Characteristics of Basal Cell Carcinoma in African Americans: A 10-Year Retrospective Review at a Single Academic Institution
Authors: Gupta Rishu , Gordon Shayna L. , Council M. Laurin , Hurst Eva A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an uncommon diagnosis in African Americans, and as a result, there is a limited amount of data available.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to describe the clinical characteristics of BCC in African Americans treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

METHODS
We performed a retrospective case series in an ambulatory referral center at a single academic institution from 2007 to 2017 to characterize BCCs in African Americans treated with MMS.

RESULTS
A total of 17 patients, who identified as black or African American, with 18 BCCs were included for analysis. Patients were predominantly female (82%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 61 years. Seventy-eight percent of tumors were located in the head and neck region with 50% of BCCs located in high-risk areas. The average preoperative and postoperative defect size was 1.78 and 5.90 cm2, respectively, with a mean number of 2.2 Mohs stages required for tumor clearance. One patient had Gorlin syndrome.

CONCLUSION
The presented retrospective review adds to limited available reported studies regarding BCC in African Americans to potentially aid in early recognition of these tumors.
Implementing Our Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway: Consensus Obstacles and Recommendations
Authors: Stone Jill P. , Siotos Charalampos , Sarmiento Samuel , Temple-Oberle Claire , Aliu Oluseyi , Cooney Damon S. , Broderick Kristen P. , Sacks Justin M. , Manahan Michele A. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: January 2019

Summary:
Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways are well established in other surgical specialties but are relatively new in plastic surgery. These guidelines focus on improving patient care by incorporating evidence-based recommendations. Length of stay is shorter, and overall hospital costs are lower without compromising patient satisfaction. When care is standardized, ambiguity is removed and physician acceptance is improved. Yet, implementation can be challenging on an institutional level. The Johns Hopkins microsurgical breast reconstruction team identified areas of dogmatic dissonance during 3 focus groups to formalize an enhanced recovery pathway for microsurgical breast reconstruction. Six microsurgeons used nominal group technique to reach consensus. Four discussion points were identified: multidisciplinary buy-in, venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemophylaxis, early feeding, and dietary restrictions. Evidence-based recommendations and our enhanced recovery after surgery protocol are provided.
Cellular Dynamics in Early Healing of Mouse Tympanic Membranes
Authors: Chari Divya A. , Frumm Stacey M. , Akil Omar , Tward Aaron D. 
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To better elucidate the cellular dynamics by which perforations in the tympanic membrane (TM) are healed.

Background:
Under normal conditions, epidermal cells are born and then migrate radially outward from the malleus in the TM. It is unknown what the relative contribution of newly proliferated cells from different lineages is in the healing of TM perforations.

Methods:
Thirty-six female mice were used in this study. Ethynyl deoxyuridine, a thymidine analogue that labels newly proliferated cells, was injected intraperitoneally into each mouse and then subsequently supplied in the drinking water. Acute perforations were performed on the right TM and the left TM served as the control and remained intact. The animals were sacrificed at six time points between 2 hours and 6 days. We stained for proliferative, epithelial, mesenchymal markers, and ethynyl deoxyuridine and analyzed the distribution of cells.

Results:
In control TMs, newly proliferated cells were detected around the malleus handle and then migrated radially outward. Perforated TMs had a significantly higher number of newly proliferated cells throughout the tympanic membrane with a marked proliferative response of epithelial, mesenchymal, and mucosal cells in the region of the malleus and perforation. The majority of cells in the healed perforation were newly proliferated. In the anterior TM opposite the perforation, an increased turnover of keratinocytes was noted, but not mesenchymal cells.

Conclusions:
Perforation of the TM alters the cellular dynamics throughout the entire TM, rather than simply adjacent to the perforation. This argues for long distance signaling occurring in the perforated TM.
Clinical and Physiologic Predictors and Postoperative Outcomes of Near Dehiscence Syndrome
Authors: Baxter Michael , McCorkle Colin , Trevino Guajardo Carolina , Zuniga Maria Geraldine , Carter Alex M. , Della Santina Charles C. , Minor Lloyd B. , Carey John P. , Ward Bryan K. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To identify predictors of near dehiscence (ND) or thin rather than dehiscent bone overlying the superior semicircular canal in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), as well as postoperative outcomes.

Study Design:
Retrospective case-control study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
All 288 patients who underwent middle cranial fossa approach for repair of SCDS (1998–2018) were reviewed for cases of ND. Demographics, symptoms, and clinical signs including nystagmus, ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) amplitude, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) thresholds, and low-frequency air-bone gap were compared before and after surgery.

Main Outcome Measure:
Presence of preoperative ND and postoperative symptoms and physiologic measures.

Results:
Seventeen cases of ND (16 patients, 17 ears) and 34 cases (34 ears) of frank SCDS were identified. ND cases differed from frank dehiscence cases in that they were less likely to have nystagmus in response to ear canal pressure or loud sounds, OR = 0.05 (95% CI 0.01–0.25) and Valsalva, OR = 0.08 (0.01–0.67), smaller peak-to-peak oVEMP amplitudes, OR = 0.84 (0.75–0.95), and higher cVEMP thresholds, OR = 1.21 (1.07–1.37). Patients with ND had similar symptoms to those with frank SCDS before surgery, and after surgery had outcomes similar to patients with frank SCDS.

Conclusions:
In patients with symptoms consistent with SCDS, predictors of ND include absence of nystagmus in response to pressure/loud sounds, greater cVEMP thresholds, and smaller oVEMP amplitudes. We propose ND is on a spectrum of dehiscence that partially accounts for the diversity of clinical presentations of patients with SCDS.
Adequacy of bystander actions in unconscious patients: an audit study in the Ghent region (Belgium)
Authors: Lamote Ines , Calle Paul , Lyphout Cathelijne , Van de Voorde Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Objective
Early recognition and appropriate bystander response has proven effect on the outcome of many critically ill patients, including those in cardiac arrest. We wanted to audit prehospital bystander response in our region and identify areas for improvement.

Patients and methods
We prospectively collected data, including Emergency Medical Services dispatch center audio files, on all patients with a decreased level of consciousness presenting to the Ghent University Hospital prehospital emergency care unit (n = 151). Three trained emergency physicians reviewed the bystander responses, both before and after dispatcher advice was given. Suboptimal actions (SAs) were only withheld if there was 100% consensus.

Results
SAs were recognized in 54 (38%) of the 142 cases, and most often related to delayed (n = 35) or inaccurate (n = 12) alerting of the dispatch center. In seven cases, the aid given was considered suboptimal in itself. Importantly, in 21 (25.9%) of the 81 cases where a clear advice was given by the dispatcher, this advice was ignored. In 12 cases, a general practitioner was present at scene. We recognized SAs in 80% of these cases (8/10; insufficient information, n = 2). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started in only 29 (43.3%) of the 67 cases of cardiac arrest where dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation was indicated at the moment of first Emergency Medical Services call.

Conclusion
We audited bystander response for unconscious patients in our region and found a high degree of suboptimal actions. These results should inform policy makers and healthcare professionals and force them to urgently reflect on how to improve the first parts of the chain of survival.
Facial Emotion Recognition Abilities in Women Experiencing Eating Disorders
Authors: Wyssen Andrea , Lao Junpeng , Rodger Helen , Humbel Nadine , Lennertz Julia , Schuck Kathrin , Isenschmid Bettina , Milos Gabriella , Trier Stephan , Whinyates Katherina , Assion Hans-Jörg , Ueberberg Bianca , Müller Judith , Klauke Benedikt , Teismann Tobias , Margraf Jürgen , Juckel Georg , Kossmann Christian , Schneider Silvia , Caldara Roberto , Munsch Simone 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveImpairments in facial emotion recognition are an underlying factor of deficits in emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties in mental disorders and are evident in eating disorders (EDs).MethodsWe used a computerized psychophysical paradigm to manipulate parametrically the quantity of signal in facial expressions of emotion (QUEST threshold seeking algorithm). This was used to measure emotion recognition in 308 adult women (anorexia nervosa [n= 61], bulimia nervosa [n= 58], healthy controls [n= 130], and mixed mental disorders [mixed,n= 59]). The M (SD) age was 22.84 (3.90) years. The aims were to establish recognition thresholds defining how much information a person needs to recognize a facial emotion expression and to identify deficits in EDs compared with healthy and clinical controls. The stimuli included six basic emotion expressions (fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise), plus a neutral expression.ResultsHappiness was discriminated at the lowest, fear at the highest threshold by all groups. There were no differences regarding thresholds between groups, except for the mixed and the bulimia nervosa group with respect to the expression of disgust (F(3,302) = 5.97,p= .001, η2= .056). Emotional clarity, ED pathology, and depressive symptoms did not predict performance (R2Change≤ .010,F(1,305) ≤ 5.74,p≥ .079). The confusion matrix did not reveal specific biases in either group.ConclusionsOverall, within-subject effects were as expected, whereas between-subject effects were marginal and psychopathology did not influence emotion recognition. Facial emotion recognition abilities in women experiencing EDs compared with women experiencing mixed mental disorders and healthy controls were similar. Although basic facial emotion recognition processes seems to be intact, dysfunctional aspects such as misinterpretation might be important in emotion regulation problems.Clinical Trial Registration Number: DRKS-ID: DRKS00005709.