bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of α, ω‐telechelic polydimethylsiloxane as cross‐linkers for preparing high‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber
Authors: Dong Fuying , Wang Xianpeng , Li Shuaijie , Hao Jiawen , Tang Xinde , Kuang Rui , Wang Yanmin , Feng Shengyu 
Published: January 2019

Multiamino‐terminated telechelic polydimethylsiloxane (MATTPS) was synthesized via aza‐Micheal reaction and amidation reaction and subsequently employed as cross‐linkers of polysiloxane containing γ‐chloropropyl groups (CPPS) for preparing a series of high‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (MCSR/MATTPS). The curing, mechanical, and thermal properties of MCSR/MATTPS were studied through rheometry, mechanical testing, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). MCSR/MATTPS exhibits optimal mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 9.52 MPa and tear strength of 45.4 kN/m when the molar ratio of [N–H]/[CH2CH2CH2Cl] is of 1, which is attributed to the formation of concentrative cross‐linking in the three‐dimensional polymer networks. The thermal behaviors of MCSR/MATTPS display a two‐step weight loss process by heating in nitrogen whereas more than two weight loss process in air. TGA results indicate that the introduction of aliphatic long chain and carbonyl groups in the structure of MATTPS has little negative effect on the thermal stability of MCSR/MATTPS.
Preclinical tissue distribution and metabolic correlations of vigabatrin, an antiepileptic drug associated with potential use‐limiting visual field defects
Authors: Walters Dana C. , Jansen Erwin E. W. , Ainslie Garrett R. , Salomons Gajja S. , Brown Madalyn N. , Schmidt Michelle A. , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Gibson K. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVigabatrin (VGB; (S)‐(+)/(R)‐(‐) 4‐aminohex‐5‐enoic acid), an antiepileptic irreversibly inactivating GABA transaminase (GABA‐T), manifests use‐limiting ocular toxicity. Hypothesizing that the active S enantiomer of VGB would preferentially accumulate in eye and visual cortex (VC) as one potential mechanism for ocular toxicity, we infused racemic VGB into mice via subcutaneous minipump at 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg/d (n = 6‐8 animals/dose) for 12 days. VGB enantiomers, total GABA and β‐alanine (BALA), 4‐guanidinobutyrate (4‐GBA), and creatine were quantified by mass spectrometry in eye, brain, liver, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and VC. Plasma VGB concentrations increased linearly by dose (3 ± 0.76 (35 mg/kg/d); 15.1 ± 1.4 (70 mg/kg/d); 34.6 ± 3.2 μmol/L (140 mg/kg/d); mean ± SEM) with an S/R ratio of 0.74 ± 0.02 (n = 14). Steady state S/R ratios (35, 70 mg/kg/d doses) were highest in eye (5.5 ± 0.2; P < 0.0001), followed by VC (3.9 ± 0.4), PFC (3.6 ± 0.3), liver (2.9 ± 0.1), and brain (1.5 ± 0.1; n = 13‐14 each). Total VGB content of eye exceeded that of brain, PFC and VC at all doses. High‐dose VGB diminished endogenous metabolite production, especially in PFC and VC. GABA significantly increased in all tissues (all doses) except brain; BALA increases were confined to liver and VC; and 4‐GBA was prominently increased in brain, PFC and VC (and eye at high dose). Linear correlations between enantiomers and GABA were observed in all tissues, but only in PFC/VC for BALA, 4‐GBA, and creatine. Preferential accumulation of the VGB S isomer in eye and VC may provide new insight into VGB ocular toxicity.
Improved assessment of mangrove forests in Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary using WorldView 2 and TanDEM‐X high resolution imagery
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Lagomasino David , Lee SeungKuk , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Ahmed Imran , Kanzaki Mamoru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent developments of remote sensing techniques which can capture both the structure and function of the ecosystem provide a more representative view of the landscape. These unique Earth observations were used to help improve traditional forestry surveys by providing species‐specific land cover classes for mangrove forests in the Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary. By combining optical data from WorldView2 (WV2; 2 m pixel) and a canopy height model derived using radar data from TanDEM‐X (TDX; 12 m pixel), we identified nine mangrove and five non‐mangrove classes by following an Iterative Self‐Organizing Data Analysis Algorithm. Three dominant mangrove species accounted for nearly 50% of the sanctuary. Heritieria fomes disproportionately covered the largest area at 43%, overturning previous field‐based estimates of Excoecaria agallocha dominance. E. agallocha and Sonneratia apetala, covered 3% and 1.47% of the sanctuary, respectively. Four mixed species classes were also identified with clear vegetation zonation patterns that trended toward species homogeneity with increasing distance from shore. The overall land cover accuracy (WV2: 89.33%; WV2‐TDX: 89.89%), the Kappa Coefficient (WV2: 0.88; WV2‐TDX: 0.89) and change statistics between WV2 and WV2‐TDX land cover classifications indicate that the WV2 imagery can separate mangrove community types without structural data. The combination of the land cover classifications and the canopy height model indicated that H. fomes were not only the most dominant forest but also, on average, the tallest (12.3 m) among the other eight mangrove types. Our large‐scale mapping with high resolution optical and radar platforms can capture subtle changes in mangrove vegetation and canopy structural gradients more accurately and be used to monitor biodiversity changes and Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Indicators, which would contribute to biodiversity policy updating.
K5PW11NiO39‐catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Coronel Nelson C. , da Silva Márcio J. , Ferreira Sukarno O. , da Silva Rene C. , Natalino Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized a series of metal‐substituted potassium heteropolyacid salts and investigated its catalytic activity on oxidation of benzyl alcohol with H2O2 under homogeneous (CH3CN) and biphasic (toluene/water) conditions. The Keggin heteropolyacids were converted to lacunar salts (i. e., K7PW11O39; K7PMo11O39 and K8SiW11O39), which had their vacancies filled with metal cations (i. e., Al3+, Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+), generating the metal‐substituted salts. The K5PW11NiO39 proved to be the most efficient catalyst. The synergic effect raised between the PW11O397− anion and Ni2+ cation improved the redox properties and the activity of the catalyst. The K5PW11NiO39 catalyst was able to promote the benzyl alcohol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in biphasic conditions in the absence of phase transfer catalyst. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were the main products. The effects of main reaction parameters were assessed. The K5PW11NiO39 catalyst was successfully recovered and reused without losing activity.
Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Fused Pyrazolo‐Pyridines: Characterization, Anticancer Activity, Protein Binding and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Naik Nirmala S. , Shastri Lokesh A. , Shastri Samundeeswari L. , Chougala Bahubali M. , Shaikh Farzanabi , Madar Jyoti M. , Kulkarni Rashmi C. , Dodamani Suneel , Jalalpure Sunil , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Sunagar Vinay 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe reaction of a multi‐substituted pyrazole 1 with aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes and active methylene compounds afford unexpected pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives 4(a‐k). Mechanism for this unexpected reaction involving reactivity of the active methylene moiety with a neighboring endocyclic NH group is proposed and structure has been established by the NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Moreover, all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against sixty human cell lines at NCI. Among all the compounds, three scaffolds 4d, 4 h and 4k showed enhancement in anticancer activity in comparison with remaining synthesized compounds. Interestingly compound 4k was found to highly active even at a five dose concentration. The IC50 values were determined against two cell lines MCF‐7 and HepG2, the results obtained have shown promising effects against cancer cell lines. Further, the molecular docking studies revealed that substituted pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives are good candidates in the medicinal field.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Selective Synthesis of (Z)‐1,2‐Diarylthio‐1‐arylalkenes, (2‐Arylethene‐1,1,2‐triyl)tris(arylsulfane)s and Alkynyl Sulfides from Thiocyanates and Terminal Arylalkynes
Authors: Yang Lian , Tian Ze‐Yu , Zhang Cheng‐Pan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free strategy using organic thiocyanate as a source of ArS or RS moiety allowed a facile and efficient synthesis of bis(tris)‐vinyl sulfides and alkynyl thioethers under mild conditions. The types of thiocyanates and the choice of bases and solvents had significant effects on the outcomes of the reactions. Aryl thiocyanates reacted with terminal arylalkynes in DMF in the presence of t‐BuOK or MOH (M=Cs, K, Na) at room temperature to form (Z)‐1,2‐diarylthio‐1‐arylalkenes in 24–93% yields, while the same reactions with alkyl thiocyanates provided alkyl alkynyl sulfides in 40–96% yields. Using NaH instead of t‐BuOK or MOH as a base in the similar reactions of aryl thiocyanates and terminal arylalkynes led to the formation of (2‐arylethene‐1,1,2‐triyl)tris(arylsulfane)s in 33–85% yields. Varying the solvent from DMF to THF, the reactions of aryl thiocyanates with terminal arylalkynes at −78 °C to room temperature in the presence of t‐BuOK supplied aryl alkynyl sulfides in 34–96% yields. Aryl and alkyl selenocyanates were also suitable substrates in these reactions. This work is the first time transition‐metal‐free selective construction of (Z)‐1,2‐diarylthio‐1‐arylalkenes, (2‐arylethene‐1,1,2‐triyl)tris(arylsulfane), and alkynyl sulfides from organic thiocyanates and terminal arylalkynes in the presence of a certain base.
Experimental and analytical investigation on seismic behavior of Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular columns
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Sun Qing , Wu Xiaohong , Wu Yongcai 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper proposed a new Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular (HCFTST) column comprising an ultrahigh‐strength steel tube (yield strength fy ≥ 690 MPa). A quasi‐static cyclic loading test was conducted to examine the seismic behavior, and the obtained lateral load‐displacement hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and ductility were analyzed in detail. Then, a numerical model based on a nonlinear fiber beam‐column element incorporating the modified uniaxial cyclic constitutive laws for concrete and steel was developed mainly to predict the seismic behavior of the tested Q690 circular HCFTST columns. The effects of the concrete cylinder compressive strength (fc), steel yield strength (fy), axial compression ratio (n), and diameter‐to‐thickness (D/t) ratio on the seismic behavior were investigated through a parametric study. Finally, a simplified hysteretic model incorporating the moment‐resisting capacity and deterioration of the unloading stiffness in addition to a normalized skeleton curve and hysteretic criterion was established. The results indicate the following: the proposed Q690 circular HCFTST columns can display reasonable hysteretic behaviors to some extent; the use of high‐strength steel can lead to a significantly larger elasto‐plastic deformation capacity and delay the appearance of post‐peak behavior, even if a lower ductility capacity is provided; moderately loosening the limitations on the D/t ratio can also result in ideal hysteretic behaviors; and the established numerical model and simplified hysteretic model can satisfactorily predict the experimentally observed load‐displacement hysteretic curves, including the deterioration of the strength and stiffness and can, thus, offer design references for the elasto‐plastic analysis of circular HCFTST columns.
Variations in δ13C values of sedimentary organic matter since late Miocene time in the Indus Fan (IODP Site 1457) of the eastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Khim Boo-Keun , Lee Jongmin , Ha Sanbeom , Park Jingu , Pandey Dhananjai K. , Clift Peter D. , Kulhanek Denise K. , Steinke Stephan , Griffith Elizabeth M. , Suzuki Kenta , Xu Zhaokai ,   IODP Expedition 355 Scientists
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 1108.6 m long core was recovered at Site U1457 located on the Indus Fan in the Laxmi Basin of the eastern Arabian Sea during IODP Expedition 355. Shipboard examinations defined five lithologic units (I to V) of the lower Paleocene to Holocene sedimentary sequence. In this study, δ13C values of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) confirm the differentiation of the lithologic units and further divide units III and IV into two subunits (1 and 2). Based on the underlying assumption that the SOM is decided primarily by a mixture of marine and terrestrial origins, δ13CSOM values at Site U1457 provide information on the terrestrial catchment conditions since late Miocene time. Low δ13CSOM values from late Miocene to late Pleistocene times are similar (c. −22.0 ‰) for the most part, reflecting a consistent contribution of terrestrial organic matter from the catchment areas characterized by dominant C3 land plants. Significantly lower δ13CSOM values (c. −24.0 ‰) in Unit III-2 (∼8 to ∼7 Ma) might be due to a greater input of C3 terrestrial organic matter. The increase in δ13CSOM values at ∼7 Ma and the appearance of high δ13CSOM values (c. −18.0 ‰) within Unit III-1 (∼7 to ∼2 Ma) indicate that C4 biomass overwhelmed the terrestrial catchment environment as a result of enhanced terrestrial aridity in the Himalayan foreland. The three-end-member simple mixing model, estimating the relative contributions of SOM from terrestrial C3 and C4 plants and marine phytoplankton, supports our interpretation of the distribution of C3 and C4 land plants in the terrestrial catchment environment.
Using Forest Cover Maps and Local People’s Perceptions to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Community-based Ecotourism for Forest Conservation in Chambok (Cambodia)
Authors: Lonn Pichdara , Mizoue Nobuya , Ota Tetsuji , Kajisa Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Shigejiro 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIncreasing attention has been given to evaluating the effectiveness of forest conservation projects, but it is not well known whether different methods yield similar results when evaluating changes in forest resources. The present study compares forest cover maps and local people’s perceptions for evaluating the effectiveness of the Chambok community-based ecotourism (CBET) programme in Cambodia. We assessed forest cover changes from 2000 to 2012 using published global maps and used a covariate matching method to compare forest sites in CBET and non-CBET areas. We also analysed local people’s perceptions of forest resource changes by interviewing 174 households. The forest cover maps showed that the Chambok CBET was effective at reducing deforestation, although the outcome was not completely robust to unobserved heterogeneity. Local people’s perceptions concurred with the effectiveness observed in the forest cover maps, in that 64% of the people perceived that forest resources increased and 75% thought that the local community could protect its own forest resources. We conclude that the Chambok CBET performed effectively for forest conservation and suggest that mixed-method approaches are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of conservation programmes.
Effects of a comprehensive nutrition education programme to change grade 4 primary-school students’ eating behaviours in China
Authors: Qian Ling , Newman Ian M , Yuen Lok-Wa , Du Weijing , Shell Duane F 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveAs part of a national initiative to reduce child obesity, a comprehensive school-based nutrition education intervention to change eating behaviours among grade 4 primary-school students was developed, implemented and evaluated.DesignThe intervention was developed by school staff, with technical assistance from outside health education specialists. The programme included school facility upgrades, school teacher/staff training, curriculum changes and activities for parents. Student scores on nine key eating behaviours were assessed prior to and after the programme. The quality of programme implementation in the schools was monitored by technical assistance teams.SettingShandong Province (high household income) and Qinghai Province (low household income), China. Three programme schools and three control schools in each province.ParticipantsStudents in grade 4 (age 8–9 years).ResultsThere were significant positive changes in self-reported eating behaviour scores from pre- to post-assessment in programme schools. At post-test students in programme schools had significantly higher scores than students in control schools after controlling for other variables. The programme was more effective in the high-income province. Observations by the technical assistance teams suggested the programme was implemented more completely in Shandong. The teams noted the challenges for implementing and evaluating programmes like these.ConclusionsThis intervention increased healthy eating behaviours among 4th graders in both provinces and had more effect in the more affluent province. Results suggest that a scaled-up initiative using existing school and public health resources could change eating practices in a large population over time. The intervention also provided lessons for implementing and evaluating similar nutrition programmes.
Assessing human and environmental pressures of global land-use change 2000–2010
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Bren d'Amour Christopher , Weddige Ulf , Fuss Sabine , Beringer Tim , Gläser Anne , Kalkuhl Matthias , Steckel Jan Christoph , Radebach Alexander , Edenhofer Ottmar 
Published: January 2019

Non-technical summaryGlobal land is turning into an increasingly scarce resource. We here present a comprehensive assessment of co-occuring land-use change from 2000 until 2010, compiling existing spatially explicit data sources for different land uses, and building on a rich literature addressing specific land-use changes in all world regions. This review systematically categorizes patterns of land use, including regional urbanization and agricultural expansion but also globally telecoupled land-use change for all world regions. Managing land-use change patterns across the globe requires global governance.
Constraining Recent Ice Flow History at Korff Ice Rise, West Antarctica, Using Radar and Seismic Measurements of Ice Fabric
Authors: Brisbourne A. M. , Martín C. , Smith A. M. , Baird A. F. , Kendall J. M. , Kingslake J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe crystal orientation fabric of ice reflects its flow history, information which is required to better constrain projections of future ice sheet behavior. Here we present a novel combination of polarimetric phase‐sensitive radar and seismic anisotropy measurements to provide independent and consistent constraints on ice fabric at Korff Ice Rise, within the Weddell Sea sector of West Antarctica. The nature and depth distribution of fabric in the ice column is constrained using the azimuthal variation in (1) the received power anomaly and phase difference of polarimetric vertical radar soundings and (2) seismic velocities and shear wave splitting measurements. Radar and seismic observations are modeled separately to determine the nature and strength of fabric within the ice column. Both methods indicate ice fabric above 200‐m depth which is consistent with present‐day ice‐divide flow. However, both measurements also indicate an oblique girdle fabric below 230‐m depth within the ice column, inconsistent with steady state divide flow. Our interpretation is that this deeper fabric is a remnant fabric from a previous episode of flow, which is currently being overwritten by ongoing fabric development associated with the present‐day flow regime. The preexisting fabric is consistent with ice flow from the south prior to ice‐divide formation, in agreement with models of Holocene ice sheet evolution. These findings apply new constraints to the flow history at Korff Ice Rise prior to divide formation and demonstrate the capacity of radar and seismic measurements to map fabric and thus constrain past ice flow.
The effect of different sources of fish and camelina sativa oil on immune cell and adipose tissue mRNA expression in subjects with abnormal fasting glucose metabolism: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Mello Vanessa D. , Dahlman Ingrid , Lankinen Maria , Kurl Sudhir , Pitkänen Leena , Laaksonen David E. , Schwab Ursula S. , Erkkilä Arja T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Molecular mechanisms linking fish and vegetable oil intakes to their healthy metabolic effects may involve attenuation of inflammation. Our primary aim was to examine in a randomized controlled setting whether diets enriched in fatty fish (FF), lean fish (LF) or ALA-rich camelina sativa oil (CSO) differ in their effects on the mRNA expression response of selected inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

Subjects/Methods
Samples from 72 participants randomized to one of the following 12-week intervention groups, FF (n = 19), LF (n = 19), CSO (n = 17) or a control group (n = 17), were available for the PBMC study. For SAT, 39 samples (n = 8, n = 10, n = 9, n = 12, respectively) were available. The mRNA expression was measured at baseline and 12 weeks by TaqMan® Low Density Array.

Results
In PBMCs, LF decreased ICAM1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05), which was different (P = 0.06, Bonferroni correction) from the observed increase in the FF group (P < 0.05). Also, compared to the control group, LF decreased ICAM1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, the change in ICAM1 mRNA expression correlated positively with the intake of FF (P < 0.05) and negatively with the intake of LF (P < 0.05), independently of study group. A diet enriched in CSO, a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), decreased PBMC IFNG mRNA expression (P < 0.01). The intake of CSO in the CSO group, but not the increase in plasma ALA proportions, correlated inversely with the IFNG mRNA expression in PBMCs (P = 0.08). In SAT, when compared with the control group, the effect of FF on decreasing IL1RN mRNA expression was significant (P < 0.03).

Conclusion
We propose that CSO intake may partly exert its benefits through immuno-inflammatory molecular regulation in PBMCs, while modulation of ICAM1 expression, an endothelial/vascular-related gene, may be more dependent on the type of fish consumed.