bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the tumor microenvironment and T cell metabolism for effective cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hope Helen Carrasco , Salmond Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe successful implementation of immunotherapies has provided new impetus in the fight against cancer. Antibody‐mediated blockade of immune checkpoint molecules PD‐1/PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 has had a dramatic impact upon the treatment of previously intractable cancers such as malignant melanoma, while adoptive cell therapies using chimeric antigen receptor‐bearing T cells have proven highly efficacious in B cell leukemia. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which tumors evade or become resistant to these immunotherapies. In this regard, approaches to broaden the applicability and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies increasingly include modulation of tumor and immune cell metabolism. In this mini‐review, we highlight the most recent studies describing novel approaches and targets for the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment and T cell metabolism and describe how these approaches are being combined with current immunotherapies in preclinical studies.
Multivariate air pollution prediction modeling with partial missingness
Authors: Boaz R.M. , Lawson A.B. , Pearce J.L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMissing observations from air pollution monitoring networks has posed a longstanding problem for health investigators of air pollution. Growing interest in mixtures of air pollutants has further complicated this problem, as many new challenges have arisen that require development of novel methods. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for multivariate prediction of air pollution. We focus specifically on tackling different forms of missing data such as spatial (sparse sites), outcome (pollutants not measured at some sites), and temporal (varieties of interrupted time series). To address these challenges, we develop a novel multivariate fusion framework, which leverages the observed interpollutant correlation structure to reduce error in the simultaneous prediction of multiple air pollutants. Our joint fusion model employs predictions from the Environmental Protection Agency's Community Multiscale Air Quality model along with spatiotemporal error terms. We have implemented our models on both simulated data and a case study in South Carolina for eight pollutants over a 28‐day period in June 2006. We found that our model, which uses a multivariate correlated error in a Bayesian framework, showed promising predictive accuracy particularly for gaseous pollutants.
Cannabidiol reduces seizures following CNS infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus
Authors: Patel Dipan C. , Wallis Glenna , Fujinami Robert S. , Wilcox Karen S. , Smith Misty D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveC57BL/6J mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) develop acute behavioral seizures in the first week of infection and later develop chronic epilepsy. The TMEV model provides a useful platform to test novel antiseizure therapeutics. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing acute seizures induced by viral infection.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were infected intracortically with 2 × 105 plaque‐forming units of TMEV. Mice were divided into two treatment groups—1) CBD‐treated mice and 2) vehicle‐treated mice. Frequency and severity of acute seizures were evaluated by video‐monitoring the mice four times daily by the experimenter blinded to the treatment group.ResultsCannabidiol (180 mg/kg; 360 mg/kg/day) decreased both the frequency and severity of acute behavioral seizures following TMEV infection, but 150 mg/kg of CBD did not improve overall seizure outcome. The time to peak effect (TPE) of CBD in the 6 Hz 32 mA psychomotor seizure test using C57BL/6J mice was observed at 2 hours post‐CBD treatment. Interestingly, CBD (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced frequency and severity of TMEV‐induced acute seizures at 2 hours post‐CBD treatment. These results suggest that CBD could be effective in decreasing TMEV‐induced acute seizures when the seizure test is conducted at the TPE of CBD.SignificanceCannabinoids are increasingly studied for their potential antiseizure effects. Several preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence that CBD could be an effective therapy for intractable epilepsies. The present study corroborates those previous findings and provides an opportunity to investigate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanism(s) of antiseizure effects of CBD in the TMEV model, which may help to design future clinical studies more effectively.
Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activities of purified stigma maydis polysaccharides
Authors: Deng Wenwen , Yang Xia , Zhu Yuan , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate structural features and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stigma maydis polysaccharide, termed SMP‐1. This polysaccharide was composed of D‐mannose, L‐rhamnose, D‐glucose, D‐galactose, L‐arabinose, D‐xylose, and D‐galacturonic acid, with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.21:1.41:1.44:0.70:0.44:0.56. The SMP‐1 was mainly bonded by (1 → 6) and (1 → 3) linkages, with various monosaccharides being evenly distributed in the main and side chains. Moreover, SMP‐1 had neither triple‐helical structure nor molecular aggregation. Importantly, the SMP‐1 could effectively bind the bile acids in vitro and significantly lower the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and moderately increase the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level in poloxamer 407‐induced hyperlipidemic mice. Moreover, pretreatment with SMP‐1 (≥300 mg/kg) could remarkably reduce fat accumulation and restore hepatocyte morphology in the liver of hyperlipidemic mice. Altogether, these findings indicated that SMP‐1 could be developed as a safe and effective food supplement for preventing and treating hyperlipidemic disorders.
The joint effect of aging and HIV infection on microstructure of white matter bundles
Authors: Kuhn Taylor , Jin Yan , Huang Chao , Kim Yeun , Nir Talia M. , Gullett Joseph M. , Jones Jacob D. , Sayegh Phillip , Chung Caroline , Dang Bianca H. , Singer Elyse J. , Shattuck David W. , Jahanshad Neda , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Hinkin Charles H. , Zhu Hongtu , Thompson Paul M. , Thames April D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent evidence suggests the aging process is accelerated by HIV. Degradation of white matter (WM) has been independently associated with HIV and healthy aging. Thus, WM may be vulnerable to joint effects of HIV and aging. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was conducted with HIV‐seropositive (n = 72) and HIV‐seronegative (n = 34) adults. DWI data underwent tractography, which was parcellated into 18 WM tracts of interest (TOIs). Functional Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Tract Statistics (FADTTS) regression was conducted assessing the joint effect of advanced age and HIV on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) along TOI fibers. In addition to main effects of age and HIV on WM microstructure, the interactive effect of age and HIV was significantly related to lower FA and higher MD, AD, and RD across all TOIs. The location of findings was consistent with the clinical presentation of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders. While older age is related to poorer WM microstructure, its detrimental effect on WM is stronger among HIV+ relative to HIV− individuals. Loss of WM integrity in the context of advancing age may place HIV+ individuals at increased risk for brain and cognitive compromise.
Influence of population aging on balance of medical insurance funds in China
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyu , Zhao Tao , Kong Yingchao , Chen Fang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPurposeThe increasing intensification of population aging can affect the balance of social medical insurance funds, an issue that has aroused much research attention. Against this background, this paper studies the impact of population aging on the balance of medical insurance funds in China.FindingsWith the introduction of six intermediate variables, ie, economic level, dependency ratio of the elderly population, physical condition, medical demand, medical expenses, and medical resources, a structural equation model is constructed. Then, the relations among these variables are analyzed to explore how population aging affects the medical insurance fund balance. The direct impact of aging is found not to be significant. Physical condition, medical resources, and medical demand are intermediate variables that can affect the relationship.ConclusionThe results show that population aging does not have a significant impact on the balance of the medical insurance fund. However, China's aging trend suggests that the population aging level is very likely to continue to intensify in the future. Moreover, the proportion of revenue in the medical insurance fund is progressively declining, and population aging may threaten the balance between revenue and expenditure. Finally, based on the above analysis, several corresponding recommendations and future studies are proposed.
A highly sensitive breathable fuel cell gas sensor with nanocomposite solid electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jiang Gaopeng , Cumberland Timothy , Xu Pan , Wu Yalin , Delaat Stephen , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present work deals with a poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membrane mixed with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid) to be used as a proton‐conducting solid‐state electrolyte in an electrochemical gas sensor for the detection of alcohol. A cross‐linking bonding semi‐interpenetrating network is formed between the polymer backbones, providing the membrane with superior mechanical property and excellent water retention. Meanwhile, the graphene oxide nanosheets are incorporated into the polymer fibrous backbones, creating impermeable block layers to limit ethanol gas penetration. Importantly, the modification of graphene oxide facilitates the protons transportation in both in‐plane and through‐plane channels of the membrane, boosting excellent conductivities of 0.13 S cm−1 (in‐plane) and 22.6 mS cm−1 (through‐plane) at 75°C, respectively. An alcohol fuel cell sensor assembled with this semi‐interpenetrating network solid electrolyte membrane is fabricated based on direct ethanol fuel cell principle, exhibiting excellent sensitivity, linearity, as well as low ethanol detection limits of 25 ppm.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia: An overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Taghizadeh Eskandar , Esfehani Reza Jafarzadeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Parizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Rostami Daryoush , Mirinezhad Mohammadreza , Poursheikhani Arash , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour , Pasdar Alireza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong different types of dyslipidemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is the most common genetic disorder, which is characterized by at least two different forms of lipid abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. FCHL is an important cause of cardiovascular diseases. FCHL is a heterogeneous condition linked with some metabolic defects that are closely associated with FCHL. These metabolic features include dysfunctional adipose tissue, delayed clearance of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins, overproduction of very low‐density lipoprotein and hepatic lipids, and defect in the clearance of low‐density lipoprotein particles. There are also some genes associated with FCHL such as those affecting the metabolism and clearance of plasma lipoprotein particles. Due to the high prevalence of FCHL especially in cardiovascular patients, targeted treatment is ideal but this necessitates identification of the genetic background of patients. This review describes the metabolic pathways and associated genes that are implicated in FCHL pathogenesis. We also review existing and novel treatment options for FCHL. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1221–1229, 2019
Considering smoking status, coexpression network analysis of non–small cell lung cancer at different cancer stages, exhibits important genes and pathways
Authors: Mortezaei Zahra , Tavallaei Mahmood , Hosseini Sayed Mostafa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer among smokers, nonsmokers, women, and young individuals. Tobacco smoking and different stages of the NSCLC have important roles in cancer evolution and require different treatments. Existence of poorly effective therapeutic options for the NSCLC brings special attention to targeted therapies by considering genetic alterations. In this study, we used RNA‐Seq data to compare expression levels of RefSeq genes and to find some genes with similar expression levels. We utilized the “Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis” method for three different datasets to create coexpressed genetic modules having relations with the smoking status and different stages of the NSCLC. Our results indicate seven important genetic modules having important associations with the smoking status and cancer stages. Based on investigated genetic modules and their biological explanation, we then identified 13 newly candidate genes and 7 novel transcription factors in association with the NSCLC, the smoking status, and cancer stages. We then examined those results using other datasets and explained our results biologically to illustrate some important genes in relation with the smoking status and metastatic stage of the NSCLC that can bring some crucial information about cancer evolution. Our genetic findings also can be used as some therapeutic targets for different clinical conditions of the NSCLC.
S100 protein family and embryo implantation
Authors: Sadigh Aydin Raei , Mihanfar Aynaz , Fattahi Amir , Latifi Zeinab , Akbarzadeh Maryam , Hajipour Hamed , Bahrami‐asl Zahra , Ghasemzadeh Aliyeh , Hamdi Kobra , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is well known that embryo implantation is a critical process in which embryo should be able to reach and attach to endometrium. Until now, various types of factors are involved in the regulation of this process. S100 proteins are calcium‐binding proteins, which have vital roles in embryo implantation and have been considered as possible candidate markers for endometrial receptivity. However, studies regarding mode of actions of these proteins are scarce and more mechanistic insights are needed to clarify exact roles of each one of the S100 protein family. Understanding of function of these proteins in different compartments, stages, and phases of endometrium, could pave the way for conducting studies regarding the therapeutic significance of these proteins in some disorders such as recurrent implantation failure. In this review, we outlined roles and possible underlying mechanisms of S100 protein family in embryo implantation.
Integrated analysis identifying new lncRNA markers revealed in ceRNA network for tumor recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma and build of nomogram
Authors: Chen Fangyao , Li Zhe , Deng Changyu , Yan Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectThe risk of tumor recurrence is currently the focus of clinical attention in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study focuses on the identification of novel prognostic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signatures for tumor recurrence in PTC.MethodRNA sequencing profiling of patients with PTC was obtained from the TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differently expressed lncRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) signatures between patients with and without tumor recurrence were selected. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for tumor recurrence in PTC was constructed to identify lncRNAs associated with tumor relapse in papillary carcinoma. Functional enrichment analysis was performed. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated to identify candidate prognostic lncRNAs considering clinical covariates. Validation analysis was conducted. Nomogram was built based on the verified prognostic lncRNAs and clinical features.ResultsThe lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network for tumor recurrence in PTC was constructed. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the identified lncRNAs were associated with PTC. Adjusted odds ratios indicated that 5 of the 16 selected lncRNAs were candidate biomarkers predicting tumor recurrence of thyroid carcinoma. Among which, TTTY10 was verified as novel prognostic markers in validation analysis. Nomogram was built based on the newly identified lncRNA biomarker and clinical covariates.ConclusionIn this study, lncRNA TTTY10 was identified as potential novel prognostic markers predicting tumor recurrence in PTC. It may provide useful information for future molecular and cohort studies focusing on the prognosis of PTC.
Atiprimod induce apoptosis in pituitary adenoma: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy pathways
Authors: Coker‐Gurkan Ajda , Ayhan‐Sahin Burcu , Keceloglu Gizem , Obakan‐Yerlikaya Pınar , Arisan Elif‐Damla , Palavan‐Unsal Narcin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPituitary adenoma is the most common tumor with a high recurrence rate due to a hormone‐dependent JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STAT) signaling. Atiprimod, a novel compound belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic drugs, has antiproliferative, anticarcinogenic effects in multiple myeloma, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking STAT3 activation. Therapeutic agents' efficiency depends on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐autophagy regulation during drug‐mediated apoptotic cell death decision. However, the molecular machinery of dose‐dependent atiprimod treatment regarding ER stress‐autophagy has not been investigated yet. Thus, our aim is to investigate the ER stress‐autophagy axis in atiprimod‐mediated apoptotic cell death in GH‐secreting rat cell line (GH3) pituitary adenoma cells. Dose‐dependent atiprimod treatment decreased GH3 cell viability, inhibited cell growth, and colony formation. Upregulation of Atg5, Atg12, Beclin‐1 expressions, cleavage of LC‐3II and formation of autophagy vacuoles were determined only after 1 µM atiprimod exposure. In addition, atiprimod‐triggered ER stress was evaluated by BiP, C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP), p‐PERK upregulation, and Ca+2 release after 1 µM atiprimod exposure. Concomitantly, increasing concentration of atiprimod induced caspase‐dependent apoptotic cell death via modulating Bcl2 family members. Moreover, by N‐acetyl cycteinc pretreatment, atiprimod triggered reactive oxygen species generation and prevented apoptotic induction. Concomitantly, dose‐dependent atiprimod treatment decreased both GH and STAT3 expression in GH3 cells. In addition, overexpression of STAT3 increased atiprimod‐mediated cell viability loss and apoptotic cell death through suppressing autophagy and ER stress key molecules expression profile. In conclusion, a low dose of atiprimod exposure triggers autophagy and mild‐ER stress as a survival mechanism, but increased atiprimod dose induced caspase‐dependent apoptotic cell death by targeting STAT3 in GH3 pituitary adenoma cells.
Macrocyclic pyridone pentamer‐modified polystyrene nanofiber for selective metal ion removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Ni Jiadong , Sun Chang , Zhang Dan , Xu Changhai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMacrocyclic pyridone pentamer‐functionalized nanofiber was fabricated through electrospinning for selective heavy metal cation removal from aqueous solution. Parameters influencing the adsorption process, including contact time, initial metal cation concentration, and solution pH, were evaluated, and the optimized adsorption condition was figured out accordingly. The adsorption study demonstrated that the process followed the pseudosecond‐order kinetic models and Langmuir isothermal model. The selectivity of the nanofiber toward metal cations was studied, and it was found that it showed a high adsorption affinity toward Pb2+ over other metal cations such as Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+. The nanofiber could be easily regenerated by deadsorption with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution. The above results indicate the potential application of the nanofiber in the metal cation separation field.
Childhood physical abuse and physical dating violence in young adulthood: The mediating role of adverse mental health
Authors: Lu Yu , Shorey Ryan C. , Greeley Christopher S. , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine whether adverse mental health (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression) mediated the relation between childhood physical abuse (CPA) and physical dating violence (DV) victimization/perpetration in young adulthood.MethodWe used four waves of data from an ongoing longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 864 adolescents including 282 Hispanic Americans, 248 European Americans, 240 African Americans, and 94 other, with a mean age of 17 years at Wave 3.ResultsStructural equation modeling suggested that posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediated the link between CPA and both physical DV victimization (β = .06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) and perpetration (β = .07, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). Anxiety and depressive symptoms, however, did not show significant indirect effects.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of interventions targeting posttraumatic stress symptoms for adolescents who experienced CPA in preventing physical DV in young adulthood.
Complete graphs with no rainbow tree
Authors: Schlage‐Puchta Jan‐Christoph , Wagner Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study colorings of the edges of the complete graph . For some graph , we say that a coloring contains a rainbow , if there is an embedding of into , such that all edges of the embedded copy have pairwise distinct colors. The main emphasis of this paper is a classification of those forbidden rainbow graphs that force a low number of vertices of a high color degree, along with some specifications and more general information in certain cases. Those graphs turn out to be of two special types of trees of small diameter.
Predictive model for survival after liver resection for noncolorectal liver metastases in the modern era: a Japanese multicenter analysis
Authors: Wakabayashi Taiga , Hibi Taizo , Yoneda Godai , Iwao Yasuhito , Sawada Yu , Hoshino Hiroyuki , Uemura Shuichiro , Ban Daisuke , Kudo Atsushi , Takemura Yusuke , Mishima Kohei , Shinoda Masahiro , Itano Osamu , Otsubo Takehito , Endo Itaru , Kitagawa Yuko , Tanabe Minoru , Egawa Hiroto , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurvival benefit of liver resection for noncolorectal liver metastases (NCRLM) remains to be defined.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort analysis included consecutive patients with NCRLM whose primary tumor and all metastases were treated with curative intent between 2000 and 2013. The primary endpoint was 5‐year overall survival. Clinicopathological factors that affected prognoses were identified using multivariate Cox regression analyses and were included in a predictive model.ResultsData for 205 patients were analyzed. The three most common primary tumor sites were stomach (39%), pancreas (13%), and urinary tract (10%), with adenocarcinomas the main pathology (52%). R0 resection was achieved in 85%, and the overall survival at 5 years was 41%. In the multivariate analysis, synchronous liver metastases, R1/2 resection, and adenocarcinomas and other carcinomas (with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors G1/G2, and sarcomas set as the reference group) were independent negative indicators of overall survival. A predictive model effectively stratified the NCRLM patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups with overall 5‐year survival rates of 63%, 38%, and 21%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients who underwent curative resection for metachronous disease and favorable tumor pathology are expected to have better survival in the NCRLM cohort.