bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biased Boards
Authors: Baldenius Tim , Meng Xiaojing , Qiu Lin 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
We study a corporate board tasked with monitoring a firm's CEO and providing incrementally decision-relevant information. The board has both compensation and non-pecuniary incentives—we label the latter board bias. Friendly boards have muted information gathering incentives, but can more effectively engage in cheap talk communication with management. As a result, the direction of the optimal board bias is determined by the CEO's initial information advantage: the board should be weakly friendly if the CEO is endowed with precise information, and weakly antagonistic (to the CEO) otherwise. Aside from assembling a friendly board, another way for shareholders to foster CEO/board communication is by granting the CEO more equity. In general, we find board friendliness and CEO equity grants to be positively associated, in equilibrium. This provides an optimal contracting rationale for an empirical regularity often interpreted as friendly boards facilitating rent extraction.
Additional Transmissions of Hundsfeld and Lignitzer Dagger Teachings
Authors: Walczak Bartłomiej , Starko Bartosz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Additional witnesses containing fragments of Martin Hundsfeld and Andre Lignitzer’s dagger teachings were located. These teachings were part of other anonymous dagger texts. Five of Lignitzer’s plays and three Hundsfeld’s can be found in the works of Gregor Erhart (MS E.1939.65.354), Lienhart Sollinger (Cgm 3712) and Paulus Hector Mair (C.94, Codex 10825). A synoptic comparison of these witnesses with other representatives points to the existence of at least two other manuscripts – one that was base for Erhart and Sollinger, and the other being the base for Paulus Hector Mair’s works. Additionally, the analysis seems to suggest that the Proto-Erhart was based on the original proto-manuscript, not transmitted through other known sources. Interestingly, Erhart seems to be a faithful copy of its progenitor, even though it contains a very disorganized text, where dagger techniques are mixed with other weapons. The article contains transcriptions as well as updated stemmae codicum for these traditions.
Fiscal federalism and a separate budget for the euro area
Authors: Oręziak Leokadia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The core objective of this paper is to determine the main political and economic conditions and challenges related to the possible evolution of the integration process in the euro area toward fiscal federalism and fiscal union as a way to increase the capacity of the area to cope with future economic and financial crises. The issue of a separate budget for this area is of particular interest in this article. The idea of such a budget has recently become the subject of lively public debate in the European Union and has been a factor in encouraging the European Commission to propose new solutions at the end of 2017 in the field of economic governance of the euro area, including the establishment of a European Monetary Fund. The analysis carried out in this article leads to the conclusion that under the current conditions, there is little chance of introducing such regulatory and institutional changes that would significantly increase the scale of financial transfers between the euro area member states.
Mathematical Algorithm for Processing Measurement Results of Internet Access Service in the Scope of Net Neutrality
Authors: Smirnova I. , Lipenbergs E. , Bobrovs V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Since Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 of the European Parliament and of the Council came into force, Internet service providers have to fulfill various additional requirements in order to guarantee access to the open internet and provide transparent information to the end-users. Of the utmost importance is to ensure achievable, meaningful and comparable results of the internet quality indicators, particularly upload and download speed values. Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 stipulates that specific speeds should be indicated in the contracts: for fixed internet access service those are maximum, minimum, normally available and advertised speed and for mobile internet access service – estimated maximum and advertised speed. However, there are no common methods put in place to calculate required speed indicators that can lead to a large amount of noncomparable and unreviewable information and create difficulties for internet providers to describe quality indicators. Within the framework of the present research, a mathematical estimation algorithm has been elaborated and applied in order to ensure that required quality parameters are represented objectively and that they are intercomparable among different internet service providers. Unified calculation principle would foster end-user awareness of the meaning of quality indicators and also of the quality of received internet services. It would also facilitate the indication of the required information for internet service providers.
A novel DOPO-g-KH550 modification wood fibers and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams
Authors: Ma Yufeng , Geng Xiang , Zhang Xi , Wang Chunpeng , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A novel 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) graft γ-amino propyl triethoxy silane (KH550) was synthesized and introduced on the surface of wood fiber. Finally DOPO-g-KH550 treated wood fiber (DKTWF) was used to prepare DKTWF composite phenolic foams (DKTWFCPF). The structures of DOPO-g- KH550 was acknowledged by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The structures of DKTWF were confirmed by FT-IR. Compared with wood fiber, the diffraction peaks’ position was basically unchanged, but the crystallinity was slightly increased and thermal stability were dramatically improved, T5% and Tmax increased by 21.9o and 36.1o respectively. But the char yield (800o) was slightly reduced. With the dosage of DKWF, there were different degrees of improvement including the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and microstructure of DKTWFCPF. Comprehensive analysis, the interfacial compatibility was significantly improved between DKTWF and phenolic resin, and the suitable content of DKTWF was 4%.
Production of (R)-styrene oxide by recombinant whole-cell biocatalyst in aqueous and biphasic system
Authors: Xue Feng , Gao Jian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The enantioselective resolution of racemic styrene oxide (rac-SO) to (R)-SO by whole cells of a recombinant Escherichia coli expressing epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity in aqueous and biphasic system were studied. Some parameters that may alter this bio-resolution, such as the concentration of recombinant cell, substrate and product were evaluated. The effect of the addition of different additives on the course of rac-SO biotransformation was also investigated. The results showed that the yield and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of (R)-SO were dependent on these variables. When the kinetic resolution was conducted with 350 mM of rac-SO, enantiopure (R)-SO with high (≥99%) ee was obtained with a yield of 38.2% yield at 12.2 h in the presence of 10% (v/v) Tween 80. An isooctane/aqueous system was developed to overcome the adverse factors in the aqueous phase, resulting in an improvement of yield from 38.2% to 42.9%. The results will provide a useful guidance for further application of this enzyme in the biocatalytic production of chiral synthons.
Statistical optimization of the synthesis of plant-derived fatty acid esters of TMP over homogeneous organometallic tin catalyst
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Drabik Jolanta , Stańczyk Dorota , Mosio-Mosiewski Jan , Woszczyński Piotr 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A class of very important industrial-grade biolubricants was synthesized from plant-derived fatty acids (oleic and isostearic acid) by direct esterification of trimethylolpropane according to novel effective and high selective method using Sn bis(2-ethylhexanoate) as catalyst. Model transesterification reactions were performed with oleic and isostearic acids to optimize the reaction conditions to obtain maximum content of TMP triesters. Used specific homogeneous Sn catalyst allows to obtain TMP esters with very high content of triesters, above of 94 wt% without deep vacuum purifying distillation. Both TMP esters were evaluated for their physicochemical and tribological properties using ASTM standards. Both TMP esters exhibited high viscosity indexes and excellent low temperature properties.
Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution using complexation-ultrafiltration
Authors: Şahin Deniz , Tascıoglu Senay 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ligand-modified micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (LM-MEUF) is a membrane technique based on a separation process which can be used for removal of target metals from an aqueous solution. This method involves adding both a metal complexing ligand and surfactant molecule to the aqueous solution under conditions where most of the molecules are present as micelles. This ligand can be attached to the surface of micelles by solubilization and forms the ligand complexes with the metal ion. The aqueous solution is then treated through a membrane which has to be smaller pore sizes than those of the complexes. Hence, permeate water is then purified from the heavy metals. In this study, divalent lead is the target ion in a solution. Filtration experiments were performed with ultrafiltration membrane system, equipped with a regenerated cellulose membrane with a 5000 Daltons cutoff. The pressure was fixed at 4.0 bar with a permeate flow rate of 500 mL min−1. Complexes of Pb2+ ions with three ligands were investigated in micellar medium of different surfactants at different pH values to determine the ligands which could provide separation. Different parameters affecting the percentage rejection of the Pb2+, such as pH and surfactant concentration were also discussed. Results have shown that the maximum percentage of the Pb2+ ions rejection were obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant and dithizone (DZ) as the lead-specific ligand. A waste stream sample from a battery plant was subjected to LM-MEUF process in the optimum conditions determined in this study and it was shown that Pb2+ ions in a waste stream could be removed by LM-MEUF effectively.
New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA
Authors: Lisitsyna O. I. , Kudlai O. , Spraker T. R. , Kuzmina T. A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
To increase the currently limited knowledge addressing acanthocephalans parasitizing California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 33 animals including pups, juvenile and adult males and females from the Marine Mammal Center (TMMC), Sausalito, California, USA were examined. Totally, 2,268 specimens of acanthocephalans representing five species from the genera Andracantha (A. phalacrocoracis and Andracantha sp.), Corynosoma (C. strumosum and C. obtuscens) and Profilicollis (P. altmani) were found. Profilicollis altmani and A. phalacrocoracis, predominantly parasitize fish-eating birds; they were registered in Z. californianus for the first time. Prevalence and intensity of California sea lion infection and transmission of acanthocephalans in these hosts of different age groups were analyzed and discussed. We provide brief morphological descriptions of the five species of acanthocephalan found in California sea lions.
Microhabitat Preferences of two Sympatric Lacertid in the National Park of El Kala, Algeria
Authors: Rouag Rachid , Ziane Nadia , Benyacoub Slim 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Habitat preferences were studied in sympatric populations of two Lacertids, Psammodromus algirus and Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Lacertidae) from the National Park of El Kala (north-eastern Algeria). The relationship between habitat physical structure and population densities was studied in order to establish eventual segregation between the two lizards. A difference exists between the two species in their distributions. Acanthodactylus erythrurus is a strictly terrestrial species, usually found on sandy and more open grounds than Psammodromus algirus which can penetrate dense vegetation and look for sunny locations by climbing on shrubs; a behavior which A. erythrurus does not control. Our results confirm spatial segregation on a microhabitat scale, supporting the conclusions that microhabitat selection is an important factor in lizards community organization and contributing to reduce potential competition.
Great Grey Owl Strix nebulosa (Strigiformes, Strigidae) Breeding and Reproduction in Polisskiy Nature Reserve, Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmenko Yu. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A Great Grey Owl population on the territory of Polisskiy Nature Reserve (Olevsk and Ovruch District, Zhytomyr Region, Ukraine) was investigated in 2006–2008, 2013–2016. The main breeding locations were mesotrophic mires, where the lack of Birds of Prey nests made owls to breed on artificial constructions. Reproductive indexes of mean clutch size were similar to such indexes achieved in 1985–1996, and indexes of mean number of fledglings on active nest and breeding success decreased reliably.
Investment Strategy of Georgia as a Country of Transition Economy: Trends, Problems, Prospects
Authors: Bolkvadze Besik 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Transition of Georgia to market economy is a complex and continuous process, closely related to both, economic growth and social challenges. In this regard domestic as well as foreign direct investments are one of the mechanisms of utmost importance. The country with economy in transition has many social-economic problems that make it essential for government to look for the most efficient ways of solving them implementing proper investment strategy.The paper considers the main trends and tendencies of investments from macroeconomic point of view, concerning the governmental investment policy aspects, investment climate, the dynamics of investments flows, capital revenues, investments’ share in GDP, the structure of investments in term of countries, sectors, etc. The article considers the core issues of the investment policy in Georgia from pragmatic as well as conceptual point of view, where the role and importance of investment policy are presented, legislative base of investments are discussed, inevitability of transparency, measurability and effectiveness of investment process is reasoned, proactive investment approach is prioritized, the importance of privatization policy is given, forms of privatization and their effectiveness are analyzed, complex utilization of investment marketing instruments, effective management of investment cycle, facilitation of post-investment activity, investigation of investment potential, Brown-field and Green-field investments and the PPI model and other topical questions are also characterized. Herewith, the author suggests some corresponding problem-solving recommendations which, as the author suggests, will help policy implementation persons at state, regional and local governmental levels of the country.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman , Haji Abdul Gani , Syukri Muhammad 
Published: July 2018

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu sekolah yang menerapkan kurikulum 2013, SMAN 1 Sigli dituntut mampu menggunakan IT dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini merupakan hambatan dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 di SMAN 1 Sigli, maka perlu menerapkan IT dalam model pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis di SMAN 1 Sigli. Metode quasi experiment dengan pretest posttest, control group design yang dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Sigli tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pemilihan sampel dengan teknik random sampling, memilih 2 (dua) dari 5 (lima) kelas yang terdapat di SMAN 1 Sigli. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan soal tes untuk melihat pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik mencapai 85% kategori tinggi pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol hanya 65%, hasil pengujian hipotesis didapat thitung > ttabel yaitu 2,61 > 1,68. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model PBL berbantuan IT dalam pembelajaran fisika terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi fluida statis di SMAN 1 Sigli. Model PBL berbantuan IT dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran untuk membuat peserta didik lebih aktif, namun terdapat kelemahan pada kegiatan merumuskan masalah dan berhipotesis. Kata Kunci: PBL berbantuan IT; fluida; hasil belajar. Abstract As one of the schools implementing the 2013 curriculum, SMAN 1 Sigli is required to use IT in improving learners' learning outcomes. This is an obstacle in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in SMAN 1 Sigli, it is necessary to apply IT in the learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of IT assisted PBL model on student learning outcomes on static fluid material at SMAN 1 Sigli. Quasi experimental method with pretest posttest, control group design implemented in SMAN 1 Sigli in academic year 2016/2017. Selection of sample by random sampling technique, choose 2 (two) from 5 (five) class which is in SMAN 1 Sigli. The data was collected using test questions to see the effect of IT assisted PBL model on students' learning outcomes on static fluid materials. The result of the research shows that the students' learning achievement reaches 85% high category in the experimental class and the control class is only 65%, the result of hypothesis testing is tcount> ttable is 2.61> 1.68. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that there is influence of IT assisted PBL model in physics learning toward student learning outcomes on static fluid material at SMAN 1 Sigli. IT-assisted PBL models can be applied in learning to make learners more active, but there are weaknesses in problem-forming and hypothesizing activities. Keywords: IT assisted PBL; fluida; learning outcomes.
An acute complicated pancreatitis: principles of surgical tactics, using miniinvasive technologies and standard operations
Authors: Andriushchenko V. P. , Girniak O. T. , Andriushchenko D. V. 
Published: July 2018

Objective. To elaborate a surgical tactics for patients, suffering an acute complicated pancreatitis (ACP), using miniinvasive technologies (МІТ) and standard surgical interventions.
Маterials and methods. There were operated 170 patients, suffering ACP. In the main group (109 patients) a МІТ was applied, and in a comparative one (61 patients) the standard operations were used.
Results. МІТ as the «definite» were applied in 62 (57%), «staged» - in 16 (15%) and «the patient’s state stabilizing» - in 12 (11%) patients. The part of operative interventions in the main group have constituted 26%, and in a comparative one - 12% (χ2=4.002; р=0.04). Primary laparotomic operations were performed in 41 (67%) patients of a comparative group and 19 (17%) patients of the main group (χ2=40.291; р<0.0001). Standard operations, mainly consisted of necrosequestrectomies (NSE) with the closed drainage in accordance to Berger procedure were performed in 26 (55%) patients of the main and in15 (31%) patients of comparative group (χ2=5.018; р=0.02). The NSE quantity with further staged sanations, which were conducted in patients, suffering extended purulent-necrotic affections, was comparable in both groups: 11 (23%) - in the main and 13 (26%) - in a comparative group (χ2=0.0013; р > 0.05).
Conclusion. Application of elaborated tactics of surgical treatment of an ACP with a separate or combined application of МІТ and standard operations was accompanied by reduction of postoperative complications rate from 13.1 tо 8.3% and lethality - from 14.8 tо 9.2%.
Аnalysis of dynamics of clinical changes in cicatricially-changed tissues after surgical treatment of branchiogenic cysts in chronological aspect
Authors: Hryhorov S. M. , Krynychko L. R. , Stavytskyi S. O. , Boiko I. V. , Trufanova V. P. 
Published: July 2018

Objective. Studying of processes of the cicatrices development after surgical treatment of the neck cysts of embryonal origin in chronological aspect.
Маterials and methods. Experience of surgical treatment of 60 patients, suffering branchiogenic cysts, was analyzed. Retrospective analysis of the treatment results, including those performed in accordance to own elaborated procedures, was conducted.
Results. Clinical changes in cicatricially-changed tissues depends upon the kind of intra- and postoperative prophylaxis of the cutaneous pathological cicatrices in surgical treatment of the neck cysts of embryological origin. Intraoperative application of the fibrin clot, enhanced by thrombocytes (PRF - clot), аnd postoperatively - of biocerrulin preparation, promotes a mostly expressed lowering of the course intensity for the free-radical oxidation in cicatricially-changed tissues of postoperative wound and prognosis for the pathological cutaneous cicatrices development, comparing with solely application of PRF-clot, аnd with operative intervention in accordance to classical method as well.
Conclusion. Application of PRF-clot and biocerullin preparation improves significantly the healing processes in postoperative wound after surgical treatment of the neck cysts of embryonal origin, and this lead to lowering of possibility for development of pathological cutaneous cicatrices.