bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actinides: Amido Complexes
Authors: Emslie David J. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article reviews progress in actinide amido chemistry, highlighting the role of amido anions as constituents of robust supporting ligands and as reactive ligands. The synthesis, structures, and reactivity of homoleptic actinide complexes in oxidation states III–VI are initially reviewed. Reactivity developed using an ancillary ligand set composed of three bulky monodentate amido anions is then discussed, followed by the chemistry of N(CH2CH2NSiR3)3(TrenX) and HC(SiMe2NAr)3(TsX) ligands, which feature three amido anions within a multidentate ligand framework. These trisamido ligand platforms have been used to develop a remarkable breadth of actinide chemistry, including terminal UE and U(η2‐E2) linkages (E = S, Se, or Te), the first terminal nitrido complexes of uranium(V) and (VI), a unique nitrido analogue of the uranyl anion [NUO]+, the only terminal PH and AsH complexes of a d‐ or f‐element, and the first metal complex containing the elusive As2H2molecule. Complexes of tridentate pincer ligands are also described, with a focus on organometallic derivatives, as are bidentate ligands, including redox‐active NN and NO donors. Actinide complexes of polypyrrolyl ligands containing up to eight nitrogen donors are then outlined, including a neptunium(II) complex and a highly reducing thorium(II) synthetic equivalent. Furthermore, bimetallic “Pacman”‐style uranyl complexes are reviewed, providing examples of acis‐uranyl linkage, as well as reduction and functionalization of the normally inert uranyl dication. Finally, additional facets of amido ligand reactivity are discussed, including alternative pathways to synthesize actinide amido complexes and the role of actinide–amido complexes in catalysis.
Actinides: Superconducting Materials
Authors: Ott Hans R. , Fisk Zachary 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn comparison with metallic elements, whose conduction electrons derive from atomic s‐, p‐, and d‐orbitals, superconductivity of metals with itinerant electrons from atomic f‐orbitals is a rather scarce phenomenon. This article on superconductivity of the heaviest metals intends to demonstrate that this indeed is the case. The topic is, however, of interest because these metals and, in particular their compounds, often adopt unconventional superconducting phases with new and therefore exciting properties that are not yet fully understood. In some cases, superconductivity competes or even co‐exists with other long‐range order phenomena, demonstrating that subtle details in the electronic structure and the interaction of the electrons among themselves and/or with other excitations of structural or magnetic character have to be considered.
Selective Activation of Transition‐Metal Complexes in Medicine
Authors: Renfrew Anna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith their unique spectrum of reactivity, wide range of accessible oxidation states, and easily tunable properties, transition‐metal complexes are ideally suited to targeting highly specific cellular environments. In particular, the reactivity of many metallodrugs can be tailored so that they are inert, and biologically inactive, under normal physiological conditions, but can be selectively transformed to an active species in the target cells or tissue. This approach of delivering a complex as a “prodrug” can circumvent many of the issues commonly associated with both organic and metal‐based drugs, including systemic toxicity, off‐target reactions, and low bioavailability. In this article, we explore the diverse ways in which a metalloprodrug can be selectively transformed to its active species, covering strategies that exploit an intrinsic difference in the target cell environment, and also those that use an irradiation source as an external trigger.
Ternary composites of polyaniline with polyvinyl alcohol and Cu by inverse emulsion polymerization: A comparative study
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Bilal Salma , Shah Anwar‐ul‐Haq Ali , Rahman Gul , Ali Khurshid 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAddition of inorganic particles and insulating polymeric materials to conducting polymers allows the alteration and modification of physical properties of the conducting polymer. An inverse emulsion polymerization technique was employed for the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), composites of PANI with copper (PANI‐Cu), polyvinyl alcohol (PANI‐PVA), as well as composites of PANI with Cu and PVA (PANI‐Cu‐PVA) under comparable experimental conditions. The FTIR and UV/Vis, spectra were employed to determine the chemical structure. The morphology of the synthesized composites was studied by SEM technique. The XRD pattern illustrates good crystallinity of the composites with improved conductivity at room temperature. The TGA results show an increase in the thermal stability of the composites. The results show that co‐addition of PVA and Cu into PANI greatly affects the properties of PANI as well as the solubility as the composites were soluble in a number of commonly used organic solvents such as DMSO, NMP, chloroform, 2:1 mixture of chloroform and 2‐propanol, and 2:1 mixture of toluene and 2‐propanol.
What and How Can Psychoanalysis Contribute in Support of Refugees? Concepts, clinical experiences and applications in the project STEP‐BY‐STEP, a pilot project supporting refugees in the initial reception center “Michaelisdorf” (Michaelis‐village) in Darmstadt, Germany
Authors: Leuzinger‐Bohleber Marianne , Hettich Nora 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe topic of migration, flight and trauma is as old as civilization, as its myths, fairytales, and its legends such as “The Odyssey” and well‐known literary figures like Oedipus and Medea (first section of the paper). However, the current refugee crisis in Europe has led to societal tensions and even splitting among large groups, such as in Germany where enormous empathy for the refugees' plight can be observed on the one hand, and hostilities, anxiety and xenophobic feelings and actions on the other hand. In the second section of the paper, the authors summarize some of the psychoanalytical concepts trying to understand some of the unconscious roots of xenophobia, antisemitism, fundamentalism and nationalism. Another psychoanalytical contribution in support of refugees comes from the body of psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary research on trauma and its transgenerational transmission (third section). Therewith psychoanalysis has produced a large conceptual, research and clinical knowledge base, which we may consider to be one of the contributions of psychoanalysis to current interdisciplinary and public discourse on refugees and immigrants. In the last section of this paper the authors summarize the pilot project STEP‐BY‐STEP which was carried out from January 2016 until April 2017 in a first reception center in Darmstadt. Concepts, applications and clinical experiences are presented for discussion. The pilot project has been quite successful and is serving as a model to be implemented during the next five years by four Psychosocial Centers for supporting refugees in Hesse. Given the large problems society faces in response to the “Refugee Crisis”, the authors consider their labors a mere drop in the endless ocean of pain, despair and sufferings of thousands of refugees who have escaped war, terror and poverty in their home countries and are hoping for a better life in Europe and elsewhere.
Migration, Social Catastrophes and Traumas in Argentina. Mental Health Interventions with Children and Adolescents
Authors: Schejtman Clara Raznoszczyk , Fischbein Susana Vinocur 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper aims at reflecting on the impact of social catastrophes and crises that have caused personal and social traumas in recent Argentine history. The possibility of processing social traumas requires the intervention of social practices that involve the reconstruction of social bonds and the lifting of the denial of responsibility for the crime.The authors give an account of Argentine's social catastrophes and address the complexity of the subjective processes of individuals who have lived immersed in disturbing and violent situations or in permanently stressful contexts for prolonged periods of time. The military dictatorship (1976–1984), the blasting of the Central Jewish Community Headquarters (1994), and the economic bankruptcy (2001–2004) are related along with their sequels, all of which have produced deep injuries to the mental health of a considerable segment of the population.The history of the beginnings and expansion of psychoanalysis in Argentina is reviewed in an attempt to explain how the distressing vicissitudes of democracy and the coexisting social catastrophes have caused psychoanalysts along with mental health professionals to become increasingly concerned with the best methods to deal with patients who have undergone severe trauma due to the socio‐economic and political events.The authors' personal experience working at mental health institutions and as members of the teams which developed assistance programs are presented, as well as several conceptual developments, programs and investigations generated by Argentine psychoanalysts who have been actively committed to social work from that time onwards. It is concluded that it should be therapeutically beneficial to build creative networks between mental health intervention, psychotherapy, community projects and research. These networks can generate new and deeper understanding about the overlap between individual trauma and social trauma which may lead to the design of programs appropriate to each particular community's needs.
The precision prevention and therapy of HPV‐related cervical cancer: new concepts and clinical implications
Authors: Hu Zheng , Ma Ding 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, with concepts and knowledge about its prevention and treatment evolving rapidly. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a major factor that leads to cervical cancer, although HPV infection alone cannot cause the disease. In fact, HPV‐driven cancer is a small probability event because most infections are transient and could be cleared spontaneously by host immune system. With persistent HPV infection, decades are required for progression to cervical cancer. Therefore, this long time window provides golden opportunity for clinical intervention, and the fundament here is to elucidate the carcinogenic pattern and applicable targets during HPV‐host interaction. In this review, we discuss the key factors that contribute to the persistence of HPV and cervical carcinogenesis, emerging new concepts and technologies for cancer interventions, and more urgently, how these concepts and technologies might lead to clinical precision medicine which could provide prediction, prevention, and early treatment for patients.
BCR‐ABL exon 7 deletion and novel point mutation in patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and TKI resistance
Authors: Mikhailov Ilya 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageI report a novel BCR‐ABL point mutation c.844G>C p.E282Q and a case of combination of two BCR‐ABL point mutations (p.E282Q and p.L298R) and exon 7 deletion (del. c.1086‐1270) in TKI‐resistant patient. These point mutations were present only in a truncated transcript and were absent in “wild‐type” BCR‐ABL transcript.
Self‐Sacrificial Template Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Doped Microstructured Carbon Tube as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yang Limeng , Zeng Yachao , Tang Xuejun , Xu Dongyan , Fang Dahui , Huang He , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is desirable but remains a great challenge. We report a self‐sacrificial template synthesis approach for nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon microtubes as electrocatalyst for ORR. Typically, Fe‐MIL (Materiaux de l'Institute Lavosier) nanocrystals cast as self‐sacrificial template. Polyaniline (PANI) was in situ‐synthesized and deposited on the surface of Fe‐MIL nanocrystals. By a two‐step pyrolysis of the MIL‐101 (Fe)@PANI hybrids, unique microstructured carbon tubes with Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated inside the wall were fabricated after the self‐sacrificial template decomposed. The optimized C‐PANI‐MIL‐2 catalyst exhibits a high onset potential of 1.0 V in alkaline media. Out of the negative effect of the disruption of metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) morphology, the ingenious catalytic activities may be ascribed to the well‐defined microtube architecture with a high accessible surface area, the existence of FeN2+2/FeN4 and rich active nitrogen atoms. Moreover, C‐PANI‐MIL‐2 exhibited excellent methanol tolerance and durability compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst in both electrolytes. This work may provide a new strategy for the design and preparation of microstructured non‐precious metal based catalysts supported on hollow carbon tubes for fuel cells.
Synthesis of γ,γ‐Disubstituted Butenolides through a Doubly Vinylogous Organocatalytic Cycloaddition
Authors: Skrzyńska Anna , Drelich Piotr , Frankowski Sebastian , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel organocatalytic approach to γ,γ‐disubstituted butenolides is described. It is based on a fully site‐selective functionalization of 5‐alkylidenefuran‐2(5H)‐ones via trienamine‐mediated [4+2]‐cycloaddition with α,β,γ,δ‐diunsaturated aldehydes. The developed methodology proceeds with excellent stereocontrol and constitutes a unique example of trienamine chemistry with vinylogous dienophiles. Importantly, the reaction has very broad scope and allows for the introduction of substituents also in the α‐ or the β‐position of the butenolide ring. Usefulness of the products obtained has been confirmed in the intramolecular Stetter reaction leading to polycyclic product.
Evaluating optimizations that reduce global memory accesses of stencil computations in GPGPUs
Authors: Carrijo Nasciutti Thiago , Panetta Jairo , Pais Lopes Pedro 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis work compares the performance of optimizations that transform replicated global memory accesses into local memory accesses on 3D stencil computations in the NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPGPU. The optimizations reduce global memory contention caused by the set of multiprocessors. Evaluated optimizations are grid tiling, inserting spatial and temporal loops into kernels, register reuse, and some of their combinations. A standardized experiment evaluates performance variation with grid size and stencil size for each optimization. Experimental data show that codes that use these optimizations are up to 3.3 times faster than the classical stencil formulation. It also shows that the most profitable optimization varies with grid and stencil sizes.
Multicolor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Approaches for Simultaneous Analysis of the Entire Human Genome
Authors: Zhang Chengsheng , Cerveira Eliza , Rens Willem , Yang Fengtang , Lee Charles 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnalysis of the organization of the human genome is vital for understanding genetic diversity, human evolution, and disease pathogenesis. A number of approaches, such as multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, cytogenomic microarray (CMA), and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, are available for simultaneous analysis of the entire human genome. Multicolor FISH‐based spectral karyotyping (SKY), multiplex FISH (M‐FISH), and Rx‐FISH may provide rapid identification of interchromosomal and intrachromosomal rearrangements as well as the origin of unidentified extrachromosomal elements. Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics have made it possible to efficiently examine the entire human genome in a single experiment at much higher resolution and specificity using CMA and NGS technologies. Here, we present an overview of the approaches available for genome‐wide analyses. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunobiology of Inherited Muscular Dystrophies
Authors: Tidball James G. , Welc Steven S. , Wehling‐Henricks Michelle 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe immune response to acute muscle damage is important for normal repair. However, in chronic diseases such as many muscular dystrophies, the immune response can amplify pathology and play a major role in determining disease severity. Muscular dystrophies are inheritable diseases that vary tremendously in severity, but share the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that can be debilitating and lethal. Mutations in diverse genes cause muscular dystrophy, including genes that encode proteins that maintain membrane strength, participate in membrane repair, or are components of the extracellular matrix or the nuclear envelope. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that an important feature of many muscular dystrophies is an immune response adapted to acute, infrequent muscle damage that is misapplied in the context of chronic injury. We discuss the involvement of the immune system in the most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and show that the immune system influences muscle death and fibrosis as disease progresses. We then present information on immune cell function in other muscular dystrophies and show that for many muscular dystrophies, release of cytosolic proteins into the extracellular space may provide an initial signal, leading to an immune response that is typically dominated by macrophages, neutrophils, helper T‐lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes. Although those features are similar in many muscular dystrophies, each muscular dystrophy shows distinguishing features in the magnitude and type of inflammatory response. These differences indicate that there are disease‐specific immunomodulatory molecules that determine response to muscle cell damage caused by diverse genetic mutations. © 2018 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol8:1313‐1356, 2018.
Disorder‐specific attachment characteristics and experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and a major depressive episode
Authors: Gander Manuela , Sevecke Kathrin , Buchheim Anna 
Published: September 2018

For the first time, the present study investigates disorder‐specific attachment characteristics and childhood trauma in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa (n = 30, girls/boys: 28/2, age: M = 14.84, SD = 1.20), a major depressive episode (n = 30, girls/boys: 27/3, age: M = 15.14, SD = 1.50), and controls (n = 60, girls/boys: 44/16, age: M = 16.10, SD = 1.20). We used the Structured Clinical Interview to diagnose Axis I disorders, the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System to classify attachment representations, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to assess child maltreatment. Our findings demonstrate an overrepresentation of the unresolved attachment status in the patient samples. A one‐way analysis of variance succeeded by Bonferroni post hoc tests indicated that adolescents with anorexia nervosa show more isolation and dissolution of boundaries between life and death when confronted with situations of solitude. Although they report moderate to severe levels of traumatic childhood experiences, they tend to minimize those. Adolescents with a major depressive episode report higher levels of emotional abuse and neglect in their childhood, leaving them in a state of failed protection and danger during attachment distress. Integrating these attachment‐related characteristics into specific psychotherapeutic interventions might be associated with a better outcome in that age group.
Detecting Mild Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: Hoogland Jeroen , van Wanrooij Lennard L. , Boel Judith A. , Goldman Jennifer G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , Marras Connie , Adler Charles H. , Junque Carme , Pedersen Kenn F. , Mollenhauer Brit , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Eslinger Paul J. , Lewis Simon J. G. , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Klein Martin , Rodriguez‐Oroz Maria C. , Cammisuli Davide M. , Barone Paolo , Biundo Roberta , de Bie Rob M. A. , Schmand Ben A. , Tröster Alexander I. , Burn David J. , Litvan Irene , Filoteo J. Vincent , Geurtsen Gert J. , Weintraub Daniel ,   on behalf of the IPMDS Study Group “Validation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease”
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground: Numerous neuropsychological tests and test versions are used in Parkinson's disease research, but their relative capacity to detect mild cognitive deficits and their comparability across studies are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify neuropsychological tests that consistently detect cognitive decline in PD across studies.Methods: Data from 30 normed neuropsychological tests across 20 international studies in up to 2908 nondemented PD patients were analyzed. A subset of 17 tests was administered to up to 1247 healthy controls. A 2‐step meta‐analytic approach using standardized scores compared performance in PD with normative data.Results: Pooled estimates of the differences between PD and site‐specific healthy controls identified significant cognitive deficits in PD patients on 14 test scores across 5 commonly assessed cognitive domains (attention or working memory, executive, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities), but healthy control performance was statistically above average on 7 of these tests. Analyses based on published norms only, as opposed to direct assessment of healthy controls, showed high between‐study variability that could not be accounted for and led to inconclusive results.Conclusions: Normed neuropsychological tests across multiple cognitive domains consistently detect cognitive deficits in PD when compared with site‐specific healthy control performance, but relative PD performance was significantly affected by the inclusion and type of healthy controls versus the use of published norms only. Additional research is needed to identify a cognitive battery that can be administered in multisite international studies and that is sensitive to cognitive decline, responsive to therapeutic interventions, and superior to individual cognitive tests. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Functional monoamine oxidase B gene intron 13 polymorphism predicts putaminal dopamine turnover in de novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Löhle Matthias , Mangone Graziella , Wolz Martin , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina , Oehme Liane , van den Hoff Jörg , Kotzerke Jörg , Reichmann Heinz , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Storch Alexander 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of common functional polymorphisms in genes involved in dopamine metabolism on striatal dopamine turnover in de novo Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: This was an observer‐blinded cohort study investigating effects of common functional polymorphisms in dopa decarboxylase (DDC, rs921451), monoamine oxidase B (MAOB; rs1799836), catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT, rs4680), and dopamine transporter/solute carrier family 6 member 3 (DAT/SLC6A3, variable number tandem repeats) genes on 18F‐fluorodopa uptake and an effective distribution volume ratio (inverse of dopamine turnover) measured by 18F‐fluorodopa PET in 28 untreated PD patients.Results: Patients carrying the MAOBCC/(C)/CT genotype (low/intermediate enzyme activity) had a lower dopamine turnover in the putamen (higher mean effective distribution volume ratio) when compared with patients with MAOBTT/(T) genotype (high enzyme activity). Striatal PET measures were not different between variants in the remaining genes.Conclusions: The MAOB (rs1799836) polymorphism predicts putaminal dopamine turnover in early PD with the MAOBTT allele linked to high enzyme activity leading to higher intrinsic dopamine turnover, which has been demonstrated to constitute a risk factor for motor complications. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society