bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruptured popliteal artery aneurysm
Authors: Cervin A , Ravn H , Björck M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are generally complicated by thrombosis and distal embolization, whereas rupture is rare. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome in a cohort of patients who had surgery for ruptured PAA (rPAA).

Methods
Operations for rPAA were identified from the Swedish Vascular Registry, Swedvasc, 1987–2012. Medical records and imaging were reviewed. Comparison was made with patients treated for PAA without rupture.

Results
Forty-five patients with rPAA were identified. The proportion with rupture among those operated on for PAA was 2·5 per cent. Patients with rPAA were 8 years older (77·7 versus 69·7 years; P &lt; 0·001), had more lung and heart disease (P = 0·003 and P = 0·019 respectively), and a larger mean popliteal aneurysm diameter (63·7 versus 30·9 mm; P &lt; 0·001) than patients with PAA treated for other indications. At time of surgery, 22 of 45 patients were already receiving anticoagulants, seven for concomitant deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the affected leg. There was extensive swelling of the whole leg in 20 patients. In 27 patients, the initial diagnosis was DVT or a Baker's cyst. All patients underwent surgery, all but three by the open method. There were four amputations, all performed within 1 week of surgery. One year after surgery, 26 of the 45 patients were alive. Among these, the reconstructions were patent in 20 of 22 patients.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of rPAA is difficult, and often delayed. The condition affects old patients, who often are on anticoagulation treatment and have large aneurysms. The immediate surgical results are acceptable, but the condition is associated with a high risk of death within the first year after surgery.
Balancing the Concentrations of Redox Species to Improve Electrochemiluminescence by Tailoring the Symmetry of the AC Voltage
Authors: Oh Hwan , Kim Yong Min , Jeong Unyong , Moon Hong Chul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe propose an effective methodology to improve the brightness of Ru(bpy)32+‐based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) devices driven by the annihilation path, based on an understanding of the great importance of concentration balance between oxidized Ru(bpy)3.3+ and reduced Ru(bpy)3.1+ species. From cyclic voltammetry experiments, we verify that Ru(bpy)3•3+ is more stable than Ru(bpy)3.1+, which is a fundamental physical parameter for balanced electrochemical annihilation reaction. Accordingly, we adjust the symmetry (i.e. the duty ratio) of the input AC voltage to control the concentrations of redox species. The frequency and peak‐to‐peak voltage (Vpp) are fixed at 60 Hz and 7.5 Vpp, respectively. When the duty ratio is 40 %, a luminance of approximately 174 Cd/m2 is detected, which is brighter than the 148 Cd/m2 achieved under a symmetric voltage wave. We investigate the feasibility of further enhancing device luminance by modulating the frequency of applied voltage at the fixed duty ratio of 40 %, achieving a maximum luminance of approximately 207 Cd/m2 at 150 Hz. Overall, this work elucidates the critical role of electrochemical stability of redox species that participate in the light‐emitting annihilation reaction and suggests a simple but effective route (e.g. adjusting symmetry of AC input) to improve luminance of ECL devices.
Semi‐synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship of Neuritogenic Oleanene Derivatives
Authors: Bian Linglin , Cao Shining , Cheng Lihong , Nakazaki Atsuo , Nishikawa Toshio , Qi Jianhua 
Published: July 2018

Abstract(3S,4R)‐23,28‐Dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl (2E)‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate (1 a), which possesses significant neuritogenic activity, was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plant, Desmodium sambuense. To confirm the structure and to assess biological activity, we semi‐synthesized 1 a from commercially available oleanolic acid. A series of novel 1 a derivatives was then designed and synthesized for a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. All synthetic derivatives were characterized by analysis of spectral data, and their neuritogenic activities were evaluated in assays with PC12 cells. The SAR results indicate that the number and position of the hydroxy groups on the phenyl ring and the triterpene moiety, as well as the length of the (saturated or unsaturated) alkyl chain that links the phenyl ring with the triterpene critically influence neuritogenic activity. Among all the tested compounds, 1 e [(3S,4R)‐23,28‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐en‐3‐yl (2E)‐3‐(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)acrylate] was found to be the most potent, inducing significant neurite outgrowth at 1 μm.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nanocomposite of Ionic Liquid Modified Graphene Oxide – Chitosan and its Application for Flow Injection Detection of Anticancer Thiopurine Drugs
Authors: Shpigun Liliya K. , Andryukhina Elena Yu. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectrochemical activity of carbositall electrodes (CSEs) covered with polymeric films of Chitosan (Chit) containing different types of graphene oxide (GO) dispersed in a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) was comparatively investigated by using cyclic voltammetry of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as a model redox probe. It was recognized that the nanocomposite film with in situ electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) provided an improved electrochemical activity, including increased peak current and electron‐transfer efficiency, compared to the initial GO nanosheets and chemically reduced GO (RGO). The novel electrochemical sensor ERGO‐IL‐Chit/CSE showed enhanced electrochemical response characteristics towards the antimetabolic thiopurines such as 6‐thioguanine, 6‐mercaptopurine and azathioprine which play a significant role in medicinal chemistry and cancer therapy. The diagnostic characteristics of the voltammetric signals for all investigated compounds in neutral aqueous media were established and the nature of the corresponding redox‐reactions was discussed. The developed sensor was incorporated into a flow injection amperometric system for the automatic dissolution testing of thiopurine anticancer drugs with a sampling rate of 60 h−1.
Structural Adaptations in the Rat Tibia Bone Induced by Pregnancy and Lactation Confer Protective Effects Against Future Estrogen Deficiency
Authors: de Bakker Chantal MJ , Li Yihan , Zhao Hongbo , Leavitt Laurel , Tseng Wei-Ju , Lin Tiao , Tong Wei , Qin Ling , Liu X Sherry 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

The female skeleton undergoes substantial structural changes during the course of reproduction. Although bone mineral density recovers postweaning, reproduction may induce permanent alterations in maternal bone microarchitecture. However, epidemiological studies suggest that a history of pregnancy and/or lactation does not increase the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis or fracture and may even have a protective effect. Our study aimed to explain this paradox by using a rat model, combined with in vivo micro–computed tomography (μCT) imaging and bone histomorphometry, to track the changes in bone structure and cellular activities in response to estrogen deficiency following ovariectomy (OVX) in rats with and without a reproductive history. Our results demonstrated that a history of reproduction results in an altered skeletal response to estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss later in life. Prior to OVX, rats with a reproductive history had lower trabecular bone mass, altered trabecular microarchitecture, and more robust cortical structure at the proximal tibia when compared to virgins. After OVX, these rats underwent a lower rate of trabecular bone loss than virgins, with minimal structural deterioration. As a result, by 12 weeks post-OVX, rats with a reproductive history had similar trabecular bone mass, elevated trabecular thickness, and increased robustness of cortical bone when compared to virgins, resulting in greater bone stiffness. Further evaluation suggested that reproductive-history-induced differences in post-OVX trabecular bone loss were likely due to differences in baseline trabecular microarchitecture, particularly trabecular thickness. Rats with a reproductive history had a larger population of thick trabeculae, which may be protective against post-OVX trabecular connectivity deterioration and bone loss. Taken together, these findings indicate that reproduction-associated changes in bone microarchitecture appear to reduce the rate of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency later in life, and thereby exert a long-term protective effect on bone strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent. Part 2: Effects on Skin Functions and Conditions
Authors: Endo Koji , Ozawa Toshiaki , Masui Takashi , Ichihashi Toshiki , Yanagawa Kiyotaka , Miyaki Masahiro , Matsuo Keiko , Yamada Shinji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe relationship between skin stratum corneum (SC) swelling induced by the treatment of surfactant solutions and skin functions/conditions was investigated in vivo for six anionic surfactants used in commercial skin cleansers. A skin soak test was carried out (2% heavy water [D2O] solutions) on the inner surface of forearm skin; the D2O depth profile in the SC was obtained using confocal Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the solution penetration. The D2O depth profile had a plateau layer near the skin surface and the water content decreased progressively with depth. This profile indicates the presence of a diffusion front of the penetrated surfactants at the boundary of the two layers; the surfactant concentration is higher in the inner side of the front (plateau layer near the skin surface) than the deeper section. After continual treatments with the solutions for 3 days, the SC hydration, water permeability, and the degree of skin irritation were all found to be related to the plateau layer thickness of D2O; small thickness gave little reduction of SC functions/conditions. When the plateau thickness is small, the damaged section in the SC could be renewed by turnover, and little accumulation of the damage during cleansing may be expected with repeated use. In our study, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC) had the thinnest plateau layer and exhibited smallest changes in the skin functions/conditions. For practical purposes, the formulation of a mild skin cleanser is obtained by replacing part of the main surfactant base with EC.
Matricial Baxter's theorem with a Nehari sequence
Authors: Kasahara Yukio , Bingham Nicholas H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the theory of orthogonal polynomials, (non‐trivial) probability measures on the unit circle are parametrized by the Verblunsky coefficients. Baxter's theorem asserts that such a measure is absolutely continuous and has positive density with summable Fourier coefficients if and only if its Verblusnky coefficients are summable. This note presents a version of Baxter's theorem in the matrix case from a viewpoint of the Nehari problem.
How Do I Assess a Family Tree for Inheritance Patterns?
Authors: Kievit Anneke , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn accurate collection and evaluation of the family history remains an important part in the clinical evaluation of every patient. Knowledge of a patient's family history is useful for diagnosis and risk assessment of relatively uncommon single‐gene disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, Huntington's disease, and other disorders, inherited following the classical Mendelian patterns. Moreover, a positive family history is a major risk factor for several common diseases, including neurodegenerative disease and movement disorders. Here, we first show how to draw a pedigree, and we then use patient cases to practice in the recognition of the inheritance patterns.
A Call to Action for Optimizing the Electronic Health Record in the Parenteral Nutrition Workflow
Authors: Vanek Vincent W. , Ayers Phil , Kraft Michael , Bouche Jean M. , Do Van T. , Durham Charles W. , Guenter Peggi , Hoggle Lindsey , Kent Sue , Lin Emily T. , Molinar L. Steven , Plogsted Steven W. , Poehls Jessica M. , Turner Peggy , Van Way Charles ,   American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists
Published: July 2018

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapeutic modality provided to neonates, children, and adults for various indications. Surveys have shown that current electronic health record (EHR) systems are in need of functionality enhancement for safe and optimal delivery of PN. This is a consensus statement from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists outlining some of the key challenges to prescribing, order review/verification, compounding, and administration of PN using EHRs today and is a call to action for clinicians and vendors to optimize their EHRs regarding the PN build and workflow.
Relationship between sustainable strategies and export performance: An analysis of companies in the Brazilian gems and jewelry industry
Authors: Palma Eliete Pozzobon , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Kruglianskas Isak , Kneipp Jordana Marques , da Rosa Luciana Aparecida Barbieri , Frizzo Kamila 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to develop an understanding of how the adoption of sustainable management strategies influences the export performance of Brazilian industrial companies internationalized in the gems and jewelry industry. The sustainable strategies were evaluated based on the adaptation of Battelle American Institute's strategic model as presented by Placet et al. (2005, Research‐Technology Management, 48, 32–41), which notably considers innovation as a perspective as it addresses the interactions of the economic, social, and environmental aspects that are reflected in a company and in society. The surveyed companies’ export performances were analyzed based on an adaptation of a model by Papadopoulos and Martín (2010, International Business Review, 19, 388–406), which develops and tests a formative measure of export performance and identifies and quantifies the relative contribution of its consequences within the economic and strategic dimensions. The research consisted of a descriptive study, and it was also characterized as quantitative research through the application of a survey. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. It was possible to observe which dimensions of sustainable development influenced the export performance of the companies in the gems and jewelry industry and to establish significant correlations. The results may contribute to a better understanding of this industry, which has been contributing to Brazil's positive balance of the trade on a yearly basis. The companies surveyed are in the early stages of internationalization. The changes that accrue to industrial companies undergoing internationalization in this sector can be perceived, and they have an influence on the strategic management and growth of these companies.
EXISTENCE AND CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION FOR A NON-LOCAL REGIONAL SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH COMPETING POTENTIALS
Authors: ALVES CLAUDIANOR O. , TORRES LEDESMA CÉSAR E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence and concentration phenomena of solutions for the following non-local regional Schrödinger equation$$\begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \epsilon^{2\alpha}(-\Delta)_\rho^{\alpha} u + Q(x)u = K(x)|u|^{p-1}u,\;\;\mbox{in}\;\; \mathbb{R}^n,\\ u\in H^{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^n) \end{array} \right. \end{equation*}$$where ϵ is a positive parameter, 0 < α < 1,$1<p<\frac{n+2\alpha}{n-2\alpha}$,n> 2α; (−Δ)ραis a variational version of the regional fractional Laplacian, whose range of scope is a ball with radius ρ(x) > 0, ρ,Q,Kare competing functions.
Astrometric Application of the Photoelectric Scanning Technique
Authors: Franz Otto G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new photoelectric area scanner, designed primarily for observations of double stars, has been put into routine use at the Lowell Observatory. A description of the scanner and of the associated data acquisition system is given. The procedure of measuring the relative positions of double star components is described and the accuracy obtainable by this method is discussed. This contribution and a subsequent one (p. 170) will appear jointly under the title 'A Photoelectric Area Scanner for Astrometry and Photometry of Double Stars' in Lowell Observatory Bulletin No. 154. This work has been supported by National Science Foundation Grant GP-6983.
A Scanning Micrometer with on-Line Computer
Authors: HøG Erik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA photoelectric scanning photometer is being tested at the 60 cm-refractor in Hamburg in order to measure visual binaries. The data-acquisition is accomplished by a small on-line computer PDP-8/S which samples data from three photon-counters connected to three narrow slits in the focal plane.A preliminary investigation of the image profile as it is obtained from the adding of many scans of a star on top of each other shows that about 80% of the light is concentrated in a Gaussian core with σ = 1"-2" whereas the rest goes into non-Gaussian wings. The deviation of the profile from a single Gaussian is most pronounced in good seeing.
Some Spectroscopic Observations of Visual Binaries
Authors: Scarfe C.D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe use of a coudé spectrograph for securing the high-resolution spectrograms necessary to follow the slow variations of radial velocity exhibited by visual binaries is discussed. Recent observations, using the spectrograph at the coudé focus of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory's 48-in. reflector, are then presented for the systems of α UMa, ε Hya, β LMi and γ Leo.
The Light Variation and the Orbital Elements of am LEONIS = ADS 8024 A
Authors: Binnendijk L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe star was followed photoelectrically in two colors through five consecutive nights in 1968 at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The light of the fainter visual component (a physical companion) was excluded. At primary minimum the system undergoes a total eclipse lasting 25 min. New internally consistent elements have been derived. A subluminous region on the larger star can be located. The previous light curve by Abrami leads to the same geometrical elements but to different photometric elements even when freed from the light of the distant companion.The paper appeared in Astron. J. 74, 1031 (1969).
Controlling weapons circulation in a postcolonial militarised world
Authors: Stavrianakis Anna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat are the politics of, and prospects for, contemporary weapons control? Human rights and humanitarian activists and scholars celebrate the gains made in the UN Arms Trade Treaty as a step towards greater human security. Critics counter that the treaty represents an accommodation with global militarism. Taking the tensions between arms transfer control and militarism as my starting point, I argue that the negotiating process and eventual treaty text demonstrate competing modes of militarism. Expressed in terms of sovereignty, political economy, or human security, all three modes are underpinned by ongoing imperial relations: racial, gendered, and classed relations of asymmetry and hierarchy that persist despite formal sovereign equality. This means human security is a form of militarism rather than the antithesis of it. Drawing on primary sources from negotiations and participant observation with actors involved in the campaign for the ATT, the argument challenges the idea that human security has scored a victory over militarism. It also complicates our understanding of the nature of the accommodation with it, demonstrating the transformation as well as entrenchment of contemporary militarism. The argument reframes the challenges for controlling weapons circulation, placing the necessity for feminist, postcolonial anti-militarist critique front and centre.
Electron energy optimization by plasma density ramp in laser wakefield acceleration in bubble regime
Authors: Kaur M. , Gupta D. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnergy gain of electron beams in bubble regime of the laser wakefield accelerator can be optimized by improving the acceleration length, radial accelerating and focusing force, number of monoenergetic electrons trapped inside the bubble, and increasing dephasing length. In order to enlarge the dephasing length, the phase velocity of the plasma wave can be increased by optimizing the plasma density profile. We report the estimation of dephasing length using plasma density distribution with the flat and linear-upward profile using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The size of wakefield bubble depends on the plasma density. With a positive plasma density gradient, the size of bubble decreases. The front and trail part of wake bubble will have different phase velocity in plasma density gradient region. After density transition in constant density region, the bubble elongates and the velocity of the back part of the bubble increases so that the accelerated electron phase synchronizes with the phase of the plasma wave. In a result, the electron acceleration length enhances to improve the beam quality.
Vision-only egomotion estimation in 6DOF using a sky compass
Authors: Jouir Tasarinan , Strydom Reuben , Stace Thomas M. , Srinivasan Mandyam V. 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYA novel pure-vision egomotion estimation algorithm is presented, with extensions to Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) navigation through visual odometry. Our proposed method computes egomotion in two stages using panoramic images segmented into sky and ground regions. Rotations (in 3DOF) are estimated by using a customised algorithm to measure the motion of the sky image, which is affected only by the rotation of the aircraft, and not by its translation. The rotation estimate is then used to derotate the optic flow field generated by the ground, from which the translation of the aircraft (in 3DOF) is estimated by another customised, iterative algorithm. Segmentation of the rotation and translation estimations allows for a partial relaxation of the planar ground assumption, inherently increasing the robustness of the approach. The translation vectors are scaled using stereo-based height to compute the current UAS position through path integration for closed-loop navigation. Outdoor field tests of our approach in a small quadrotor UAS suggest that the technique is comparable to the performance of existing state-of-the-art vision-based navigation algorithms, whilst also removing all dependence on additional sensors, such as an IMU or global positioning system (GPS).
Procedures to determine the principal directions of kinematic performance in serial robots
Authors: Flores-Díaz Ociel , Juárez-Campos Ignacio , Carrera-Bolaños Jorge 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYAssume that the end-effector of a serial mechanism with n-degrees of freedom arrives at the position p0, where it can change arbitrarily the direction of its movement. The physical conditions imply that this change in direction also alters its velocity. The kinematic performance ellipse represents the velocities according to the new direction of the system, and thus solving the problem of which direction will correspond to a maximum or minimum (principal directions) magnitude of the corresponding velocity. In this paper, a new procedure to calculate these principal directions is presented and contrasted with two of the most common procedures employed in the field. All three procedures are considered in some detail, in order to understand their underlying concepts and, therefore, gain a deeper understanding of the physical situation. They are all proved in standard examples.