bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New e-Health Tracks in Engineering Education of the Politecnico di Milano
Authors: Pinciroli F. , Masseroli M. , Bonacina S. 
Published: March 2018

In Italian universities, most curricula have recently been deeply innovated. Out of the historical and usual five-year-based degrees to be taken after the five-year-based Secondary School / High School the University system moved into a 3+2 year university framework. Engineering curricula were changed too. Such a wide reform forced the redesign of many courses, even entire course tracks. In some cases it also facilitated the re-design of Doctoral (Ph.D.) programs. The introduction of some one-year based and subject-focused programs, to be taken right after a specifically considered degree, was facilitated as well.At the Engineering Faculties of the Politecnico di Milano, as far as it concerns Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, curricular courses and course tracks, as well as a couple of one-year subject-oriented programs have been widely re-organized. We describe the entire new educational offer.The aim of the educational offer remains to enable students to acquire technical skills, and to use them for becoming Medical Information and Communication Technology experts. Often the student involvement in research is the practical pass for obtaining such result. In doing so students understand better what a positive technological return for the users is. Running research programs relate to the Visible Human Dataset and Digital Anatomy, to textual and image Data Integration, to Health Information System and eHealth, and to Bioinformatics. Some prototypes, developed at the Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, are briefly mentioned.
Section 1: Health and Clinical Mangement: The Safety and Quality of Decision Support Systems
Authors: Westbrook J. I. , Wyatt J. C. , Coiera E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve the overall safety and quality of health care delivery, but may also introduce machine-related errors. Recent concerns about the potential for CDSS to harm patients have generated much debate, but there is little research available to identify the nature of such errors, or quantify their frequency or clinical impact.A review of recent literature into electronic prescribing systems, as well as related literature in decision support.There seems to be some evidence for variation in the outcomes of using CDSS, most likely reflecting variations in clinical setting, culture, training and organizational process, independent of technical variables. There is also preliminary evidence that poorly implemented CDSS can lead to increased mortality in some settings. Studies in the US, UK and Australia have found commercial prescribing systems often fail to uniformly detect significant drug interactions, probably because of errors in their knowledge base. Electronic medication management systems may generate new types of error because of user-interface design, but al so because of events in the workplace such as distraction affecting the actions of system users. Another potential source of CDSS influenced errors are automation biases, including errors of omission where individuals miss important data because the system does not prompt them to notice them, and errors of commission where individuals do what the decision aid tells to do, even when this contradicts their training and other available data. Errors of dismissal occur when relevant alerts are ignored. On-line decision support systems may also result in errors where clinicians come to an incorrect assessment of the evidence, possibly shaped in part by cognitive decision biases.The effectiveness of decision support systems, like all other health IT, cannot be assessed purely by evaluating the usability and performance of the software, but is the outcome of a complex set of cognitive and socio-technical interactions. A deeper understanding of these issues can result in the design of systems which are not just intrinsically ‘safe’ but which also result in safe outcomes in the hands of busy or poorly resourced clinicians.
Section 3: Health Information Systems: Health Information Systems: Between Shared Care and Body Area Networks
Authors: Bott O. J. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Systems
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of health information systems (HIS).Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Current research in the field of HIS is focused on supporting transinstitutional health care processes including health record systems, integration of new data types and knowledge based decision support, patient empowerment, the utilization of new technologies like wearable systems or ubiquitous computing in home and personal care, and methods and tools for the analysis, development, management, and evaluation of HIS.The best paper selection of articles on HIS comprises examples of excellent research on integration of HIS based on standards for electronic health records, methods and tools for HIS oriented change management, the use of wearable systems for telemedical surveillance of chronically ill patients, technology driven home care concepts for the elderly and physically disabled, and data privacy issues arising from the emergence of new clinical data types in the context of biomedicine. Besides successful research concerning important aspects of HIS, achieving interoperability and integration of health information subsystems and technology remains an important field of work.
Section 5: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Decision support, Knowledge Representation and Management: A broad methodological spectrum
Authors: Brigl B. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management.
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of decision support, knowledge management and representation.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management covers a broad spectrum of methods applied to a variety of medical problems and domains. Some particularly interesting and current topics were picked for the IMIA Yearbook 2006: the importance of ontologies for systematic system engineering of decision support systems, syndromic surveillance based on natural language processing, the evaluation of large semantic networks, and a comprehensive ontology for a randomised controlled trial database to support evidence-based practise.The best paper selection shows that methods for decision support, knowledge representation and management can decisively contribute to the solution of many different medical problems, but also that there is still a lot of exiting research to be done
Section 1: Health and Clinical Mangement: Health and Clinical Management – Comparing the Clinical Outcome of Computerized Strategies
Authors: Bergmann J. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health and Clinical Management
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of health and clinical management.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Current research in the field of health and clinical management analyses impact and patient outcome of both established and recently presented approaches. Usability and effects of extracting data from computerized medical records for preventive care and surveillance issues are a topic as well as strategies for detecting adverse events.The best paper selection in the field of health and clinical management shows examples of excellent research on assessment, strategies and concepts for computerized health information management approaches. The articles emphasize the necessity of carefully considering health information systems regarding their outcome and compatibility with clinical routine. A concerted management of knowledge about evaluated health information management approaches will advance this trend and should lead to a more evidence-based design of the underlying systems.
Section 2: Patient Records: Electronic Patient Records and their Benefit for Patient Care
Authors: Knaup P. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA-Yearbook Section on Patient Records
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of patient records.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Current research in the field of patient records analyses users’ needs and attitudes as well as the potential and limitations of electronic patient record systems. Particular topics are the questions physicians have when assessing patients during ward rounds, the timeliness of results when ordered electronically, the quality of documenting haemophilia home therapy, attitudes towards patient access to health records and adequate strategies for record linkage in dependence on the intended purpose.The best paper selection of articles on patient records shows examples of excellent research on methods used for the management of patient records and for processing their content as well as assessing the potential, limitations of and user attitudes towards electronic patient record systems. Computerized patient records are mature, so that they can contribute to high quality patient care and efficient patient management.
The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria: Towards an Integrative Model for Health Informatics Education and Research
Authors: Lau F. , Borycki E. , Protti D. , Kushniruk A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThere is an increasing need for well qualified health informatics practitioners and for educational programs that produce them. Since 1981, the School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has delivered a range of educational programs in health informatics. The School’s objective has been to produce graduates who can assume a range of roles in health informatics, including managers, developers, researchers and evaluators of health care systems.The approach taken by the School has been to provide an integrated “holistic” approach to health informatics education that balances both theory and practice. The curriculum has emphasized interdisciplinary skills and has been based on a process of consultation with key stakeholders in both industry and academia. In addition, several new distance collaborative models for health informatics education (including a distributed MSc degree program) have been recently initiated through the University of Victoria with collaborating Canadian universities.To date, graduates of the programs offered have become highly sought after, with the demand for graduates of the programs continually exceeding the number of graduates.The core undergraduate curriculum has recently been undergone refinement to include training in new emerging areas of health informatics. In addition, a distributed MSc program has been successfully initiated by the School, currently with 23 students participating from dispersed geographical locations across Canada. The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has been involved in providing unique interdisciplinary education in health informatics for over twenty years. The School continues to maintain its emphasis on integrated education, refining its curriculum and moving into new areas such as distance education and cross-Canadian collaborations.
Section 5: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management: Decision Support, Knowledge Representation and Management in Medicine
Authors: Tu S. , Peleg M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryClinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) are being recognized as important tools for improving quality of care. In this paper, we review the literature to find trends in CDSSs that were developed over the last few decades and give some indication of future directions in developing successful, usable clinical decisionsupport systems.We searched PubMed for papers that were published during the past five years with the words Decision Support Systems appearing in the title and used our own knowledge of the field for earlier work.The goals of developers of modern CDSSs are to develop systems that deliver needed information and could be integrated with the healthcare’s organizational dynamics. Such CDSSs form part of knowledge-management activities that healthcare organizations employ in order to excel. During the past few decades, we have witnessed a gradual maturation of knowledge representation formalisms and the needed infrastructure for developing integrated CDSSs, including electronic health record systems (EHR), standard terminologies, and messaging standards for exchange of clinical data. The demand for CDSSs that are effective and that will evolve as circumstances change gave rise to methodologies that guide developers on the construction and evaluation of CDSSs.Although there exist many approaches for representing, managing and delivering clinical knowledge, the design and implementation of good and useful systems that will last and evolve are still active areas of research. The gradual maturation of EHR and infrastructure standards should make it possible for CDSSs implementers to make major contributions to the delivery of healthcare.
Access to Health Information
Authors: Gaudinat A. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Access to Health Information
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of access to health information.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.
Result Four articles from in,ternational peer reviewed journals were selected for this section. This selection is composed of two studies which gives an overview of how people currently access health information and two descriptions of original systems which show actual challenges and alternatives to better access information in the health domain.
Conclusion The possibilities of access are increasingly more important for online health information, taking into mind the pros of the goal of universality and the cons of overabundance and unevenness of quality. Current research is going in the direction of studying the user behavior and building better alternative systems to reach health information. However more research should be done about the Web 2.0 technologies related to the access to Health information, since they are currently changing information access and selection paradigm.
The Promise of Systems Biology in Clinical Applications
Authors: Yip Y. L. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.
Results Current research in the field of Bioinformatics shows that the emergent field of systems biology is starting to offer innovative solutions to clinically-relevant problems. The approach used can be top-down, where models are created based on hypotheses to describe previously unexplained phenomena and then tested against experimental or clinical evidence. It can also be bottom-up, where mathematical models are built by harnessing existing information about the components (e.g. protein entities, interaction networks) of a system in order to discern critical system-level mechanisms that can be relevant for clinical applications. Progress in this area is aided by the ongoing development in data integration and management, whose current focus is on better semantics for facilitating translational research. Advances in other important areas, such as microarray technology, text mining and ontologies, are also noted.
Conclusions The best paper selection of articles on bioinformatics gives examples of original research that exploits mathematical modeling to tackle medical problems and of improved semantic solutions for data integration. As new directions are explored and the technologies mature, these approaches are expected to be increasingly integrated into clinical practice.
Health and Biomedical Informatics: Opportunities and Challenges for a Twenty-First Century Profession and its Education
Authors: Hersh William 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives Characterize the health and biomedical informatics workforce, its professionalization, and its education.
MethodsLiterature review and analysis.
Results Although the value of health information technology is increasingly well-documented, there are still barriers to its widespread adoption around the world. One of those barriers is a well-defined and competent workforce for developing, evaluating, and implementing systems. There are plenty of opportunities in health and biomedical informatics, yet there also is still much that we do not know about this workforce and its education.
Conclusions Continued efforts must be made to characterize and understand the optimal organization and education of this workforce.
Reflections on Curiosity
Authors: van Bemmel J. H. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective The purpose of this article is to show that curiosity is the driving force behind all scientific endeavors. The second purpose is to show that all science is constrained on its underlying assumptions.
Methods Three examples are used to illustrate the above theses: one from cosmology, the second from biomedical research, and the third from the formalization of human reasoning in a computer. The three examples are supported by quotes from Albert Einstein [1].
Results and conclusionsResearch in cosmology shows that the horizon of our knowledge is continuously expanding but that major scientific questions remain to be solved. The second example from biomedicine explains that the more we discover of the details of living phenomena, the more complex they appear to be. The example involving human reasoning makes clear that the brain is still largely unknown territory. Like Einstein, who said he held ‘humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind’, I have a deep admiration for the Architect who reveals himself in the details that we are privileged to study in our research. As Albert Einstein said: The important thing is not to stop questioning.
Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
Closing the Loops in Biomedical Informatics From Theory to Daily Practice
Authors: Gaudinat A. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Closing the Loops in Biomedical Informatics
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives This article presents the 2009 selection of the best papers in the special section dedicated to biomedical informatics and cybernetics.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA yearbook 2009
Results Five papers from international peer reviewed journals where selected for this section. Most of the papers have a strong practical orientation in clinical care. And this selection gives a good overview of what is done with “closing loop” approach, particularly during theyear 2008.
Conclusion While quite mature for some clinical applications such as mechanical ventilation, it remains a challenge where rules for the decision system could be difficult to identify due to the number of variables. More complex systems with greater Artificial Intelligence approaches will certainly be the next trend for closed-loop applications.
Accelerating Knowledge Discovery through Community Data Sharing and Integration
Authors: Yip Y.L. ,   Section Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics,   Swiss-Prot group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2009.
Results The selection process for this yearbook’s section on Bioinformatics results in six excellent articles highlighting several important trends First, it can be noted that Semantic Web technology continues to play an important role in heterogeneous data integration. Novel applications also put more emphasis on its ability to make logical inferences leading to new insights and discoveries.Second, translational research, due to its complex nature, increasingly relies on collective intelligence made available through the adoption of community-defined protocols or software architectures for secure data annotation, sharing and analysis. Advances in systems biology, bio-ontologies and text-ming can also be noted.
Conclusions Current biomedical research gradually evolves towards an environment characterized by intensive collaboration and more sophisticated knowledge processing activities. Enabling technologies, either Semantic Web or other solutions, are expected to play an increasingly important role in generating new knowledge in the foreseeable future.
Clinical Data Mining: a Review
Authors: Cohen G. , Depeursinge A. , Müller H. , Meyer R. , Geissbuhler A. , Iavindrasana J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective Clinical data mining is the application of data mining techniques using clinical data. We review the literature in order to provide a general overview by identifying the status-of-practice and the challenges ahead.
Methods The nine data mining steps proposed by Fayyad in 1996 [4] were used as the main themes of the review. MEDLINE was used as primary source and 84 papers were retained based on our inclusion criteria.
Results Clinical data mining has three objectives: understanding the clinical data, assist healthcare professionals, and develop a data analysis methodology suitable for medical data. Classification is the most frequently used data mining function with a predominance of the implementation of Bayesian classifiers, neural networks, and SVMs (Support Vector Machines). A myriad of quantitative performance measures were proposed with a predominance of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves. The latter are usually associated with qualitative evaluation.
Conclusion Clinical data mining respects its commitment to extracting new and previously unknown knowledge from clinical databases. More efforts are still needed to obtain a wider acceptance from the healthcare professionals and for generalization of the knowledge and reproducibility of its extraction process: better description of variables, systematic report of algorithm parameters including the method to obtain them, use of easy-to-understand models and comparisons of the efficiency of clinical data mining with traditional statistical analyses. More and more data will be available for data miners and they have to develop new methodologies and infrastructures to analyze the increasingly complex medical data.
Informatics Training for Clinicians Is More Important than Hardware and Software
Authors: Safran C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective The importance of training physicians and nurses in the art, skill and science of clinical informatics has never been greater. What level of training is necessary and sufficient to equip the 21st century healthcare workforce for the transformative opportunity enabled by widespread deployment of EHRs?
Methods Building on the success of its 10x10 program, AMIA with support from the Robert Wood Johnson foundation took its next step to create the necessary documents to have clinical informatics recognized as a sub-specialty by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).
ResultsWe defined the core content that had to be mastered and describing how physicians interested in the sub-specialty clinical informatics would be trained. The results of this work have been approved by the board of AMIA and have been published in its journal JAMIA.
Conclusion The health challenges of the 21 century require that we rapidly train the clinical workforce in clinical informatics. In addition to buying hardware and software, our health systems need to sponsor this training. Two percent of every Health IT budget should be targeted for clinician education.