bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foamed Acid Fracturing Enables Efficient Stimulation of Low-Pressure Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Kanaan Adnan A. , Waheed Arshad , Kayumov Rifat , Al-Jalal Ziad 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ordinary acid fracturing treatments cannot deliver consistent production results in low-pressure carbonate reservoirs. The reservoir pressure is not sufficient to flow back the large volume of treating fluids from the formation after the treatment, thus minimizing the benefits of performed acid fracturing. The use of foamed acid fracturing fluids will provide additional energy that will help to enhance flowback and push treating fluids out from the reservoir during post-fracturing flowback operation. There are two types of gaseous phase that are commonly used to foam the fluids for stimulation treatments: nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). N2 is an inert gas; it is widely available and therefore the most frequently used. CO2 is more soluble in water than N2; therefore, more CO2 is required to saturate the liquid and create the foam. CO2 has more expansion during flowback, which aids in total fluid recovery. Additionally, the solubilized portion of CO2 reduces the interfacial tension of the fracturing fluid.
A deep high-temperature carbonate reservoir typically requires acid fracturing treatment to produce at economic gas rates. When reservoir pressure declines over time, foamed acid fracturing treatment becomes the preferred stimulation option. Both types of the gaseous phase show good success. The multiple case studies suggest that foamed acid fracturing resulted in easier flowback initiation and better well productivity compared to regular acid fracturing. Moreover, CO2-based foams provided better results compared to N2 foams, especially in horizontal wells completed with multiple acid fracturing stages within the same reservoir. The specific fracturing fluid was deployed to use CO2 foam in the wells with high bottomhole temperatures up to 300°F. The innovative CO2 foam chemistry enables formulating non-crosslinked gels that deliver viscosity equal to or better than the industry-standard foams of low-pH guar crosslinked fracturing fluids. This fluid delivers those results at significantly lower polymer loadings and with a reduced number of additives, thus improving the operational aspect and increasing well productivity. Another noticed benefit of foamed acid fracturing with CO2 is the easier achievement of higher foam quality at bottomhole conditions. N2 is pumped in its gaseous phase and requires specific pumping units with limited pressure and rate capacity. In contrast, CO2 is pumped in its liquid phase through the common fracturing pumping units; therefore, a significantly higher pumping rate of the gaseous phase can be achieved with minimum additional equipment.
Optimum Soybean Seeding Rates by Yield Environment in Southern Brazil
Authors: Corassa Geomar M. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Strieder Mércio L. , Schwalbert Rai , Pires João L. F. , Carter Paul R. , Ciampitti Ignacio A. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Soybean yield response to seeding rate was dependent on yield environment.
Optimum seeding rate increased as yield environments were reduced.
Seeding rate could be reduced by 18% for high‐yielding relative to low‐yielding environments, without penalizing yields.
Planting date interacts with seed yield response to seeding rate, optimum seeding rates increase with late planting.
For high‐yielding environment, late planting time decreased yields regardless of the seeding rate.

Optimizing seed inputs while increasing farming profit is the main purpose of variable rate seeding (VRS) technology adoption. Previous studies in corn (Zea mays L.) suggested that optimal seeding rates increase as yield productivity level increased. For soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], optimal yield‐to‐seeding rate by yield level has not been fully investigated, representing a scientific knowledge gap. Therefore, a dataset was collected from 109 replicated field trials from Southern Brazil (2180 experimental units) presenting the following objectives: (i) identify the optimum seeding rate at varying yield levels (herein termed as yield environments), and (ii) explore the contribution of management factors (i.e., seeding rate, planting date, row spacing, maturity groups, growing season, yield environment, and ecological region) on soybean seed yield. Hierarchical modeling and Bayesian statistical inference were used to predict optimum seeding rate at varying yield environments, while conditional inference tree analysis was explored to identify and rank factors contributing to yield variation. The main results were: (i) soybean seeding rate increased from high‐ to low‐yielding environments; (ii) seeding rate could be reduced by 18% in high‐yielding (>5 Mg ha−1) relative to the low‐yielding (<4 Mg ha−1) environments, without penalizing yields. For improving site‐specific soybean seeding rate prescriptions, future studies should focus on the physiological mechanisms underpinning yield formation and on understanding the main factors (soil × plant × weather) contributing to the differential optimum seeding rate response.
Evaporation Study for Real Soils Based on HYPROP Hydraulic Functions and Micro‐CT‐Measured Pore‐Size Distribution
Authors: Geistlinger Helmut , Leuther Frederic 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
We studied Stage 1 and Stage 2 evaporation for real soils.
For hydraulic functions, HYPROP data and for pore‐size distribution micro‐CT data were used.
An IPE model describes for Stage 1 evaporation, desorption theory for Stage 2 evaporation
We present an analytical solution of the 2D steady‐state diffusion equation.
Evaporation—a key process for water exchange between soil and atmosphere—is controlled by convective and diffusive surface fluxes that determine the functional time dependence of the evaporation rate e(t). Recent studies demonstrated that only a pore‐scale surface flux model can capture the correct e(t) curve. These studies also showed that a realistic estimate of the hydraulically connected region (HCR) of the pore‐size distribution (PSD) is crucial for coupling surface flux to internal water flux. Since previous studies were often based on natural sands and glass beads, the main focus of our study was to test these conclusions for real soils. Therefore, we investigated the evaporation process within undisturbed soil columns of a sandy soil and loamy sand and measured the hydraulic functions via HYPROP experiments (a system to measure hydraulic properties using the evaporation method). Based on the isolated pore evaporation (IPE) model using a discretized form of the PSD, we developed a continuous IPE model and applied it to our experiments. Because the PSD plays a central role in the IPE model, we determined the PSD of the loamy sand soil via X‐ray microtomography (μCT) for pores >19 μm. The consistency of the experimental data, i.e., (i) the retention curve for deriving the HCR of the pore size distribution, (ii) the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for calculating the characteristic lengths of the evaporation process, and (iii) the high accuracy of the mass loss data strongly support the HYPROP method for this kind of complex evaporation experiment. The continuous IPE model describes the characteristic Stage 1 behavior well (functional form of the evaporation rate and length of Stage 1) for both soil types if a realistic HCR estimate is used that (i) is derived from a characteristic length analysis estimating the lower boundary of the HCR and (ii) the upper range of the HCR is based on the true PSD derived from μCT data.
Probiotics: a new or an old concept?
Authors: Zakharenko S. M. 
Published: October 2018

Probiotics are an agent renewable from the outside that is capable of delivering active factors (metabolites, regulatory molecules, etc.) to target points of the gastrointestinal tract, and ensure the formation of a regulatory impact source for extraintestinal effects (target points). The uniqueness of probiotics lies in the fact that the microbial cell is simultaneously a proper transport container, a delivery system with a specific distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and a factory for reproduction of effector molecules.The modern Probiotics 2.0 concept implies not only the development of bioengineering strains, but the use of probiotics for the maximally proven indications. Conducting research in the most promising areas of probiotics usage, on the one hand, and the development of evidence base for a particular strain in a relatively narrow spectrum of clinically significant effects, on the other hand, significantly reduces the financial and time costs to bring new products to market. An example is a strain of Bifidobacterium longum longum 35624® that was authorized for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, the “old” probiotics are no less important, especially if the original strain compliance with the “10 golden rules for probiotic therapy” is high.
Fatores Facilitadores e Restritivos à Cooperação Universidade e Empresa: o caso Udesc
Authors: Cardoso Marcelo Gomes , Amboni Nério , Lagemann Gerson Volney , Andrade Rui Otávio Bernardes de 
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os principais fatores facilitadores e restritivos no desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc) em cooperação com empresas, segundo o olhar de 10 líderes de grupos de pesquisa e de 14 gestores de empresas. A base teórica do estudo compreende a discussão dos argumentos de autores nacionais e internacionais acerca da cooperação universidade-empresa (U-E). A pesquisa é descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e o questionário, sendo tratados de modo descritivo. Os fatores “recursos financeiros adicionais” e “acesso a pesquisadores qualificados” foram considerados como os fatores mais facilitadores segundo os líderes de grupos de pesquisa e gestores de empresas, respectivamente; e o “excesso de burocracia” como o fator mais restritivo à cooperação universidade-empresa, tanto para os líderes de grupos de pesquisa como para os gestores de empresas. Os achados são corroborados por estudos teóricos e empíricos nacionais e internacionais, reforçando os avanços da literatura e das questões metodológicas utilizadas. Conclui-se que a universidade deverá aperfeiçoar as práticas de cooperação com as empresas, estabelecendo políticas institucionais que possibilitem a redução da burocracia e dos prazos de tramitação dos processos, a fim de minimizar as barreiras identificadas na interação e possibilitar o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas aplicadas entre os envolvidos na cooperação. O estudo tem como limitações a volatilidade das percepções dos pesquisados, a área geográfica de Santa Catarina e três Centros de Ensino da Udesc.
New Horizons in the Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Viigimaa Margus , Heinsar Silver , Lovic Dragan , Katsimardou Alexandra , Piperidou Alexia , Duishvili Davit 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease and
represents the most common genetic disorder: heterozygous 1/250 births, homozygous 1/300, 000 births. FH is
characterized by high to very high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which is the main cause of increased
incidence of premature atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) or aortic stenosis.

Objective:
The aim of the review was to investigate the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of FH.

Results:
The most common (60-80%) FH cause is mutations of the LDL Receptor (LDLR) protein (6 classes with
a different number of receptors and functionality). Moreover, mutations in apolipoprotein B (APOB) (<5%) and
gain-of-function mutations of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 genes (PCSK9) (<1%) contribute to its
pathogenesis. An Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolaemia (ARH) is another cause, very rare (1/2.500
births), mainly in Sardinia. The remaining patients with a clinical diagnosis of monogenic hypercholesterolaemia
do not present any known genetic cause. Since FH is a significant public health problem, early diagnosis and
treatment are of utmost importance. Recent studies demonstrated the influence of the LDLR mutation type in the
FH phenotype, associating a more severe clinical phenotype and worse advanced CVD in patients with null mutation
than those with receptor-defective mutations. This analysis completes the adequate clinical diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Both homozygous and heterozygous FH are related to mutations of LDLR (mainly), APOB, PCSK9,
while other rare forms exist. All aberrations lead to the impaired removal of LDL-C from the blood leading to its
accumulation and subsequent CVD earlier than in the general population.
Identification of Mislabeling Some Meat Products Sold on the Iran Market Using PCR-RFLP
Authors: Farshidi Maryam , Mohammadi Reza , Sehatkhah Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimi Behzad 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Mislabeling of meat products due to their high market values is a food
fraud, which can result in economic deception. Currently, a little information on mislabeling is available
in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a market survey on a variety of meat
products sold in Iran to investigate mislabeling.

Methods:
A total of 31 meat product samples were purchased from local retailers including supermarkets
and local butchers. These samples included salami (n = 6), hamburger (n = 15) and minced
meat (n = 10). Labels claimed that the products only contained beef. DNA was extracted from samples
and tested using PCR-RFLP for the presence of chicken traces.

Results:
Of the 31 meat products, 23 included mislabeling, which substituted low-cost chicken for
costly beef. Results showed that six of six salami (100%), nine of 15 hamburger (60%) and eight of
ten minced meat (80%) contained chicken meat not listed in ingredient labels.

Conclusion:
Overall, results from the current study greatly warn consumers on potential economic
deception occurring in meat products in Iran. This study helps meat industries to address potentially
fraudulent activities and improve sanitary techniques during meat processes.
Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Function in Short and Long-Term Kidney Function
Authors: Naranjo Mario , Lo Kevin Bryan , Mezue Kenechukwu , Rangaswami Janani 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Pulmonary hypertension is not uncommon in patients with renal disease
and vice versa; therefore, it influences treatments and outcomes. There is a large body of literature
on pulmonary hypertension in patients with kidney disease, its prognostic implications, economic
burden, and management strategies. However, the converse, namely the hemodynamic effects of
pulmonary hypertension on kidney function (acute and chronic kidney injury) is less studied and
described. There is also increasing interest in the effects of pulmonary hypertension on kidney
transplant outcomes.

The relationship is a complex phenomenon and multiple body systems and mechanisms are involved
in its pathophysiology. Although the definition of pulmonary hypertension has evolved over
time with the understanding of multiple interplays between the heart, lungs, kidneys, etc; there is
limited evidence to provide a specific treatment strategy when kidneys and lungs are affected at the
same time. Nevertheless, available evidence appears to support new therapeutics and highlights the
importance of individualized approach.

There is sufficient research showing that the morbidity and mortality from PH are driven by the influence
of the pulmonary hemodynamic dysfunction on the kidneys.

Conclusion:
This concise review focuses on the effects of pulmonary hypertension on the kidneys,
including, the patho-physiological effects of pulmonary hypertension on acute kidney injury, progression
of CKD, effects on kidney transplant outcomes, progression of kidney disease in situations
such as post LVAD implantation and novel diagnostic indices. We believe a review of this nature
will fill in an important gap in understanding the prognostic implication of pulmonary hypertension
on renal disease, and help highlight this important component of the cardio-reno-pulmonary axis.
Fluoxetine Inhibits Respiratory Growth of Candida glabrata and has Cytocidal Activity
Authors: Spencer-Bakes Kayla , Macreadie Ian 
Published: October 2018

Background:Fluoxetine is a widely prescribed antidepressant that has associated antifungal activity.Methods:This study examined the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of fluoxetine on Candida glabrata.Result:Fluoxetine inhibited growth of C. glabrata on media containing glucose as a carbon source: the inhibition was much greater when ethanol was the carbon source. In hypoosmotic conditions fluoxetine caused death of C. glabrata in one hour.Conclusion:Fluoxetine inhibits fermentative and mitochondrial function of C. glabrata. It rapidly kills C. glabrata in hypoosmotic conditions.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Deltaline in Mouse Blood Based on UPLCMS/ MS
Authors: Song Huanchun , Huang Yiwei , Zhu Dongqing , Tong Shuhua , Zhang Meiling , Wang Xianqin , Bao Xi 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Deltaline, an aconitine-type alkaloid, was detected in mouse blood using an
ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, and the
pharmacokinetics of deltaline following intravenous administration in mice was studied.
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Materials and Methods: The gelsenicine was used as the internal standard (IS). Deltaline and IS were
eluted at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution using
acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid) as a mobile phase. The following
transitions were obtained at m/z 508.2→75.0 for deltaline and m/z 327.1→107.8 for gelsenicine in multiple
reactions monitoring mode. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein. Six mice after intravenous
administration of a single dose of deltaline (1 mg/kg), 20-µL blood samples from each mouse were
collected from the tail vein.

Results:
The UPLC-MS/MS method was sensitive and linear (r>0.995) with a lower limit of quantitation
(LLOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL over the range of 0.1-500 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions were below
13%, the accuracy range was between 88.0% and 108.2%, the recovery was higher than 90.1%, and the
matrix effect was between 102.9% and 108.1%.

Conclusion:
The method was sensitive, fast, specific, and has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic
study of deltaline after intravenous administration.
Mini-Review: A Brief History of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Use in Neuropsychiatry
Authors: Gillman Mark A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Joseph Priestley’s discovery of nitrous oxide (N2O) was recorded in 1772.
In the late 1790’s, Humphry Davy experimented with the psychotropic properties of N2O, describing
his observations in a book, published in 1800. A dentist, Horace Wells discovered anaesthesia
with N2O in 1844. Over a century after Davy, its potential usefulness in psychiatry was first recognised.
The seminal researches in neuropsychiatry, between 1920 and 1950, mainly used anaesthetic
concentrations of the gas. The psychotropic actions of N2O, at non-anaesthetic doses, were first used
by dentists, mainly for its anxiolytic action. In modern dentistry, N2O is always mixed with at least
30% oxygen and titrated to doses rarely exceeding 40% of N2O. At these lower concentrations, untoward
effects are almost always avoided, including over-sedation and/or anaesthesia. In the early
1980’s, the low-dose dental titration technique was first used to investigate and treat psychiatric
conditions, including substance abuse. Until then, most physicians regarded the gas only as an anaesthetic
agent. An exception was obstetricians who used a fixed 50% concentration of N2O diluted
with oxygen for analgesia during parturition. In 1994, to clearly distinguish between anaesthetic and
non-anaesthetic concentrations (as used in dentistry), the term Psychotropic Analgesic Nitrous oxide
(PAN) was introduced.

Objective:
This paper will give a brief history of the use of the N2O in psychiatry since the psychotropic
actions were first recognised in the 18th century until the present.

Conclusion:
The role of other non- opioid systems, and the extent to which they contribute to the
psychotropic properties of N2O, still remains to be established.
A Modern Approach for the Identification of the Classical and Modified Generalized Morse Potential
Authors: Surulere Samuel A. , Shatalov Micheal Y. , Mkolesia Andrew C.P.G. , Fedotov Igor 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:This paper proposes an approach for parameter estimation of the Classical and Generalized Morse Potential functions. A new potential which is a modification of the Generalized Morse Potential was proposed as parameter estimates yielded complex conjugate roots using gold atom for simulation.Methods:Existing methods of parameter estimation requires the provision of initial guess values of which convergence to the optimal solution is not always guaranteed. This makes provision of initial guess values that guarantees convergence to the optimum solution more of an art than a science. The proposed objective least squares function method does not require the provision of initial guess values and it involves the minimization of two formulated objective functions using the differential numerical approach and least squares method. The built-in “Minimize” function of Mathematica® is also used to minimize the formulated objective function. Potential energy curves were constructed by fitting estimated parameter values to experimental data sets of the gold atom using values of the proposed approach and Mathematica® for performance evaluation. Errors of each constructed potential energy curves were simulated.Results:It was observed that the errors were very small for both the Classical and Modified Generalized Morse Potential.Conclusion:Hence the approximations of the proposed approach are very good.
A Novel Image Classification Approach for Maize Diseases Recognition
Authors: Wei Yuchen , Wei Lisheng , Ji Tao , Hu Huosheng 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The spot, streak and rust are the most common diseases in maize, all of
which require effective methods to recognize, diagnose and handle. This paper presents a novel image
classification approach to the high accuracy recognition of these maize diseases.

Methods:
Firstly, the k-means clustering algorithm is deployed in LAB color space to reduce the influence
of image noise and irrelevant background, so that the area of maize diseases could be effectively
extracted. Then the statistic pattern recognition method and gray level co-occurrence matrix
(GLCM) method are jointly used to segment the maize disease leaf images for accurately obtaining
their texture, shape and color features. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method
is used to identify three diseases.

Results:
Numerical results clearly demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed
method.

Conclusion:
Our future work will focus on the investigation of how to use the new classification methods in
dimensional and large scale data to improve the recognizing performance and how to use other supervised
feature selection methods to improve the accuracy further.