bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Interplay between Financial and Nonfinancial Measures Affects Management Forecasting Behavior
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Lail Bradley E. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This study examines how the interplay between financial and nonfinancial measures (NFMs) affects management forecasting behavior. Building on the knowledge that NFMs are typically aligned with actual earnings and are likely incorporated into earnings forecasts, we investigate if the level of divergence between changes in NFMs and contemporaneous changes in earnings influences management forecasting behavior. We hand collect company-specific NFMs disclosed in 10-K filings and describe how a greater divergence between NFMs and earnings (i.e., NFM changes substantially outpacing earnings growth, or vice versa) is associated with greater uncertainty about the underlying business. As such, in more divergent settings, we observe that management is less likely to issue guidance. Consistent with our theory, for managers that do provide guidance in more divergent settings, management forecast errors increase. Last, we provide evidence that external stakeholders can use the level of divergence to predict future management forecasting behavior.
JEL Classifications: G14; M40; M41.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.
Cumulative Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Finne Patrik , Groop Per-Henrik , Arffman Martti , Kervinen Marjo , Helve Jaakko , Grönhagen-Riska Carola , Sund Reijo 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE
To estimate long-term cumulative risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This nationwide population-based inception cohort study included 421,429 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in 1990–2011; patients were followed until the end of 2013. Data linkage between several national health care registers in Finland, covering 100% of the population, enabled the inclusion of almost all inhabitants who started taking diabetes medication or were hospitalized for diabetes. Cumulative risk of ESRD and hazard ratios [HR] for ESRD and death were estimated according to age, sex, and time period of diabetes diagnosis.

RESULTS
Among 421,429 patients with type 2 diabetes, 1,516 developed ESRD and 150,524 died during 3,458,797 patient-years of follow-up. Cumulative risk of ESRD was 0.29% at 10 years and 0.74% at 20 years from diagnosis of diabetes. Risk was higher among men than among women (HR 1.93 [95% CI 1.72–2.16]), decreased with older age at diagnosis (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.60–0.81] for age 60–69 vs. 40–49 years), and was lower for those diagnosed in 2000–2011 than in 1990–1994 (HR 0.72 [95% CI 0.63–0.81]). Patients diagnosed with diabetes in 2000–2011 had lower risk of death during follow-up than those diagnosed in 1990–1994 (HR 0.64 [95% CI 0.63–0.65]).

CONCLUSIONS
Cumulative risk of ESRD is minimal among patients with type 2 diabetes compared with their risk of death. Patients diagnosed with diabetes at an older age have a lower risk of ESRD due to higher competing mortality.
Paradigma Relasi Agama dan Negara dalam Islam
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan 
Published: January 2019

The paradigmatic debate on the relationship between religion and state in Islam is an actual classic problem. The debate rises due to the absence of the normative basis and historical precedents that definitively state the relation between religion and state. Therefore, the paradigm formulation between religious and state relations is a matter of ijtihadiyah which is always open for debate. This article shows that theoretical debates about the relations between religious and state leads to three paradigms: integralistic, secularistic and symbiotic-mutualistic paradigms.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide – Prognstic Value for Death Within 24 Hours in Severe Polytrauma Patients with Chest Trauma
Authors: Cristina Tase Ghinguleac , Rodica Tudoran , Sergiu Chirila , Leonard Gurgas , Ileana Ion 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Patients with multiple trauma with thoracic trauma have higher death rates compared to multiple trauma patients without thoracic trauma, mainly because of cardiac injury. We investigated the 24 hours prognostic value of NT-proB-type Natriuretic Peptide (Nt-ProBNP) in polytraumatised patients with thoracic trauma.
The study group was composed of 33 patients, 25 males and 8 females. During the study, the endpoint, which was death in the first 24 hours after admission was observed in 33% of the patients (11 patients).
Using a cut-off point of 125 pg/ml, the sensitivity of the test was 100% and the specificity was 59.09%. Accoring to the results of the study, NT-ProBNP proves that it might be useful in detecting patients with a bad prognosis, the analyzed enzyme having the capacity of identifying polytrauma patients with thoracic trauma that have high risk of death in the first 24 hours after admission.
Infections Associated With Hospitalization Over One Year Period
Authors: Mihaela Botnarciuc , Lavinia Daba , Dimitrios Laiveras , Monica Disea , Nicolae Grasa Catalin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial species circulating in various wards of the Emergency Clinical Hospital Constanta, involved in infections associated with hospitalization. Clinical specimens were obtained during 2016 year period. Identification of species and sensitivity tests were performed on VITEK 2 System. There were isolated 163 bacterial strains suspected to be responsible for infections associated with hospitalization. Surgery wards had the most important number of cases, 49% of all. The second most affected ward was neonatology (11%), as many as gynecology (5%) and pediatrics (6 %) together. According to the site of the infection, digestive are majoritary (42.94%), followed by surgical wounds (16.56%) and respiratory infections (15.33%). Septicemia cases (11.04%) are important due to the severity.
Distribution on months varies between a minimum number of cases in January (5) and a maximum of cases in April (19).Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequently involved (49%). The most frequent species was Acinetobacter baumanii (28 cases), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15) and E.coli (7). Anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium difficile) are the second most important group (32% of the cases), followed by Gram positive cocci (15%) mostly staphylococci. Multidrug resistance was diagnosed in most Acinetobacter baumanii strains. A special attention must be given to associations of bacteria, that even though are in small number (2% of the cases), are more difficult to be treated.
Working in Shifts and the Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiological Evidence and Physiopathological Mechanisms
Authors: Ruxandra Oţelea Marina , Agripina Raşcu , Ileana Ion , Anton Arghir Ioan , Adela Badiu , Camelia Ciobotaru , Alexandra-Maria Rascu , Cristina Arghir Oana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered as an association of the abdominal obesity, abnormal metabolism of the lipids and glucose (high level of triglycerides, low level of HDL-cholesterol and high level of glycemia) and high values of blood pressure, determined by an underlying mechanism of insulin resistance. As a result of environmental-gene interaction, MetS is associated with unhealthy nutrition, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, shorter sleep duration and desynchronization of the circadian rhytm caused by working in shifts. The aim of this article is to review the effects of working in shifts on the MetS through the epidemiological evidence and the perspective of the physiopathological mechanisms.
Current distribution of Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937 (Trichoptera: Beraeidae) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Komzák Petr , Kroča Jiří 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Beraeamyia hrabei Mayer, 1937 is a relatively rare species occurring in the Czech Republic only locally and in low abundances. New data on its distribution with some ecological notes are presented in this paper.
Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament?
Authors: Koller Martin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The benefit of biodegradable “green plastics” over established synthetic plastics from petro-chemistry, namely their complete degradation and safe disposal, makes them attractive for use in various fields, including agriculture, food packaging, and the biomedical and pharmaceutical sector. In this context, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are auspicious biodegradable plastic-like polyesters that are considered to exert less environmental burden if compared to polymers derived from fossil resources.
The question of environmental and economic superiority of bio-plastics has inspired innumerable scientists during the last decades. As a matter of fact, bio-plastics like PHA have inherent economic drawbacks compared to plastics from fossil resources; they typically have higher raw material costs, and the processes are of lower productivity and are often still in the infancy of their technical development. This explains that it is no trivial task to get down the advantage of fossil-based competitors on the plastic market. Therefore, the market success of biopolymers like PHA requires R&D progress at all stages of the production chain in order to compensate for this disadvantage, especially as long as fossil resources are still available at an ecologically unjustifiable price as it does today.
Ecological performance is, although a logical argument for biopolymers in general, not sufficient to make industry and the society switch from established plastics to bio-alternatives. On the one hand, the review highlights that there’s indeed an urgent necessity to switch to such alternatives; on the other hand, it demonstrates the individual stages of the production chain, which need to be addressed to make PHA competitive in economic, environmental, ethical, and performance-related terms. In addition, it is demonstrated how new, smart PHA-based materials can be designed, which meet the customer’s expectations when applied, e.g., in the biomedical or food packaging sector.
Optical properties of translucent zirconia: A review of the literature
Authors: Manziuc Manuela-Maria , Gasparik Cristina , Negucioiu Marius , Constantiniuc Mariana , Burde Alexandru , Vlas Ioana , Dudea Diana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Translucent monolithic zirconia is the newest option of zirconia-based ceramics, which aimed to substitute the opaque classic yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZPs) in more demanding esthetic cases.
The aim of this review was to assess the available literature regarding the optical, chemical and mechanical properties of translucent zirconia ceramics.
This systematic review was developed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines. An electronic literature search was undertaken through Medline (National Library of Medicine) via PubMed to identify relevant articles, published in the interval 2010-2018. The search was limited to the English language publications, in vitro studies of color and microstructure of translucent zirconia material.
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZPs) has excellent mechanical properties, but its intense white color and high opacity represent an esthetic limit. Cubic zirconia represents a new generation of dental ceramics with molecular structure and physical properties different from the conventional zirconia. Dental manufacturers created new formulations of this restorative material, introducing new cubic varieties of zirconia with improved optical properties. Translucent monolithic zirconia provides a new restorative option that combines strength with improved esthetics, due to its increased translucency. Translucent zirconia is indicated for anterior and posterior restorations but should be used carefully for discolored teeth, because the background color can affect the final esthetic appearance of the restoration.
Needles and bark of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst and Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk. as bioindicators of environmental quality
Authors: Parzych Agnieszka , Mochnacký Sergej , Sobisz Zbigniew , Polláková Nora , Šimanský Vladimír 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the research on the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in needles and bark of Picea abies and Picea omorika. In this research, the age of the needles and the content of the examined components in the soil were taken into account. The research was conducted within the area of the forest at the University botanic garden in Košice (Slovakia). The little acidification of the soil that was found under the spruce crowns slightly changed with the depth (0.0–0.2 m, 0.2–0.4 m, 0.4–0.6 m). Under the stand of P. abies, a lower content of organic matter was demonstrated, than under the trees of P. omorika. The tested soil samples were low in nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and sufficiently rich in potassium and magnesium. The spruce needles were dominated by macroelements, and their concentrations varied depending on age and species. Both P. abies and P. omorika needles were acidic, with 1-year-old needles showing higher acidity. Low nitrogen content in the needles of the studied spruce was found, and the N:P ratio did not exceed 3.5. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of N, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 1-year-old needles and pH, N, P, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 2-yearold needles of spruces. The results also indicate that the bark of the studied spruce is acidic, with pH values of 4.70 (P. abies) and 4.15 (P. omorika). The P. abies bark accumulates higher amounts of Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu and Mn, and the P. omorika bark accumulates more N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Cd. The research indicates that both spruce species barks are suitable for comparative studies on bioindication of environment quality.
Forest ecosystem services – assessment methods
Authors: Kornatowska Bożena , Sienkiewicz Jadwiga 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Forest ecosystems represent the most important values of natural assets. In economic valuation techniques, to estimate the value of forest ecosystem services, the attention is still focused mainly on their market values, i.e. the value of benefits measured in the economic calculation based, first of all, on the price of timber. The valuation of natural resources is currently supported by considerations of the global policy, in order to strengthen the argumentation justifying the need to incur expenditure related to the protection of biodiversity. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Natural capital of forests can be consumed directly as food, wood and other raw materials or indirectly – by benefitting from purified water and air, safeguarded soils or protected climate. At the same time, forest ecosystems provide us with a range of intangible values – scientific, cultural, religious as well as encompass heritage to pass on to future generations. In the era of increasing pressure on the use of free public goods (natural resources), it is necessary to improve understanding of the role of forests in creating national natural capital, and in enhancing the quality of human life. All things considered, the so called non-market forest ecosystem services may have a much higher value than the profits from the production of timber and raw materials. Needless to say, non-market values of forest ecosystems are of great importance for the quality of human life, and the awareness of this should translate into social behavior in the use of natural resources. This paper reviews the methods to estimate the value of forest ecosystem services in view of recently acknowledged paradigm to move forward from economic production to sustainable human well-being.
The effect of coconut extract on callus growth and ultrasound waves on production of betulin and betulinic acid in in-vitro culture conditions of Betula pendula Roth species
Authors: Payamnoor Vahide , Hajati Razieh Jafari , Khodadai Negar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
To determine the effect of coconut extract on callogenesis of Betula pendula, Roth stem barks were cultured in NT (Nagata and Takebe) basic culture media in two individual experiments: i) cultivation explant in different treatments of coconut extracts combined with 1 mg l−1 2, 4-D (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and ii) callogenesis in NT media containing 1.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and then cultivation under the first experiment treatments. The first experiment demonstrated that not all concentrations of coconut extracts lead to callus induction individually, but callus induction increased 84% in a culture containing 5% coconut extract plus 1 mg l−1 2, 4-D. Based on the results of the second experiment, this treatment also significantly increased the wet and dry weights of the produced calluses. The possibility of increasing the betulinic acid and betulin by ultrasound was also studied. Samples cultivated in the selected culture medium were exposed to ultrasound waves in two forms of 1) one exposure and 2) twice exposure (repetition with 24 hr interval) in steps of 20, 60, 100, and 160 sec, and one treatment as the control. Betulin and the betulinic acid amount were determined using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The maximum betulinic acid and betulin were obtained in 100 sec in once exposure (2.3 mg g−1 DW) and 160 sec in the twice exposure (0.75 mg g−1 DW) to ultrasound. The results showed that betulinic acid content was more than betulin.
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems
Authors: Urban Peter , Sabo Peter , Plesník Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important.
The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter
Authors: Maltsev Yevhen , Maltseva Irina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.
Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine
Authors: Sytnyk Svitlana , Lovynska Viktoriia , Lakyda Petro , Maslikova Katerina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m−3, ranging from 375 kg m−3 to 612 kg m−3; with the average BD – 294 kg m−3, ranging from 214 kg m−3 to 421 kg m−3. The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m−3, ranging from 254 to 491 kg m−3; with average BD – 317 kg m−3, ranging from 178 to 433 kg m−3. The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species.
Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia
Authors: Polláková Nora 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area.