bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the liquid oxygen compatibility of epoxy via the addition of surface‐modified boehmite
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Peng Cong , Li Shichao , Liu Xin , Wu Zhanjun 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTo improve the liquid oxygen compatibility and cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resin, we synthesized and characterized a hybrid compound (functionalized boehmite) containing boehmite, phosphorus, and silicon element. The thermal properties and liquid oxygen compatibility of the composites were investigated in detail. The results show that the addition of functionalized boehmite increased the char residue obviously but had little effect on the thermal decomposition temperature and glass‐transition temperature of the composites. The liquid oxygen compatibility of the composites was significantly improved. Composites with 4 wt % boehmite, 0.99 wt % Si, and 1.1 wt % P passed the impact test. Surface element analyses before and after the drop tests suggested that the functionalized boehmite in epoxy might have prevented the impact reaction in liquid oxygen through two steps. First, the compound decomposed into phosphoric oxyacid and Al2O3 under the impact energy and captured the H• and •OH radicals produced from the decomposition of the resin. Then, the decomposition covered the surface, forming a protective layer to isolate the oxygen. The mechanism of the liquid oxygen compatibility of the epoxy composites was subsequently analyzed. In addition, the cryogenic tensile properties of the epoxy composites containing functionalized boehmite showed that the composites had potential applications under cryogenic liquid oxygen environments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46918.
Formation of bicontinuous, hydrophobic nylon 12 membranes via cold‐solvent‐induced phase separation for membrane distillation application
Authors: Tsai Chih‐Hao , Beltsios Konstantinos , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkinless nylon 12 microporous membranes were prepared via a cold‐solvent‐induced phase‐separation process from a binary nylon 12–formic acid system. Through the incorporation of an aging step, polymer nucleation in the dope was enhanced, and the formed membranes exhibited a special particulate structure composed of interlocked sticklike or sheaflike crystallites, which coexisted with continuous microporosity. The crystallite size was affected by the polymer concentration in the dope and the aging time; for example, aging alone allowed for the reduction of the particle diameter from about 20 μm to about 1 μm. Because the membranes were skinless and hydrophobic (contact angles ≈ 105°), they were potentially appropriate for desalination via membrane distillation (MDi). For the case of desalting 3.5% NaCl(aq) by means of direct‐contact MDi, very high rejection ratios (∼99.6%) were achieved for all membranes under the operation conditions (temperature of the hot stream = 50°C, temperature of the cold stream = 20°C, and circulation rate = 0.7 L/min), whereas the highest permeation flux obtainable was 5.15 L/m2 h. The membranes were strong, with tensile strengths ranging from 4.7 to 6.3 N/mm2. Finally, we discovered a shift from α to γ structure as the dope polymer increased, whereas the crystallinity was about 27% in all cases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47036.
Comparison of dam failure frequencies and failure probabilities
Authors: Proske Dirk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently the author has compared observed collapse frequencies and computed failure probabilities of bridges. In contrast, in this paper the comparison of observed failure frequencies and the failure probabilities of large dams is carried out.In the paper the failure frequencies are estimated based on various publications related to the failure statistics of dams for different regions and different times. The various publications are considered in terms of a meta‐analysis to provide a robust estimation of the failure frequencies and to identify trends of the failure frequencies. The failure trend analysis considers both; the failure frequency per year and the failure frequency related to the accumulated experience in dam years. The latter enables the comparison to the generalized learning curve.
The failure frequencies are compared to the computed probabilities of failure for dams. The comparison is evaluated with regard to the accuracy of the computed values to the observed ones.
Off‐label use of duct occluder devices to close hemodynamically significant perimembranous ventricular septal defects: A multicenter experience
Authors: Udink ten Cate Floris E.A. , Sobhy Rodina , Kalantre Atul , Sachdev Sakshi , Subramanian Anand , Koneti Nageswara Rao , Kumar Raman Krishna , Hamza Hala , Jayranganath Mahimarangaiah , Sreeram Narayanswami 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the feasibility, technical aspects, and outcome of transcatheter perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) closure using duct occluder devices with a single retention disc.BackgroundUse of duct occluder devices to close pmVSD seems a promising alternative therapy. However, limited data exist on this technique.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 222 patients (female 47.7%) were identified from databases of five participating institutions in whom pmVSD closure was attempted using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder I or Lifetech duct occluder device.ResultsPatients ranged in age from 0.7 to 52 years (median, 7.0 years) and in weight from 4.0 to 70 kg (median, 18.0 kg). The mean size of the VSD was 6.8 ± 2.2 mm. A large defect (> 6 mm) was present in 137 patients (61.7%). Device closure was successful in 218 patients (98.2%). The 10/8 mm device was used in most patients (n = 85, 38.3%), and the vascular approach was from the femoral vein in 169 patients (76.1%). There were 18 early complications in 17/218 patients (7.8%). Three patients (1.4%) developed complete heart block (transient n = 2; requiring permanent pacing n = 1). Median follow‐up was 6 months (6 months–6 years). A mild residual shunt was seen in 10 patients at 6 months follow‐up.ConclusionsThe immediate results of transcatheter pmVSD closure using a duct occluder device with a single retention disc are promising. It is an effective technique with a lower rate of complications than for other currently available devices.
Reactions of Fluoroalkanes with Mg−Mg Bonds: Scope, sp3C−F/sp2C−F Coupling and Mechanism
Authors: Coates Greg , Ward Bryan J. , Bakewell Clare , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstractsp3C−F Bonds of fluoroalkanes (7 examples; 1°, 2° and 3°) undergo addition to a low‐valent Mg−Mg species generating reactive organomagnesium reagents. Further reactions with a series of electrophiles results in a net C−F to C−B, C−Si, C−Sn or C−C bond transformation (11 examples, diversity). The new reactivity has been exploited in an unprecedented one‐pot magnesium‐mediated coupling of sp3C−F and sp2C−F bonds. Calculations suggest that the sp3C−F bond activation step occurs by frontside nucleophilic attack of the Mg−Mg reagent on the fluoroalkane.
Partial nephrectomy is not associated with an overall survival advantage over radical nephrectomy in elderly patients with stage Ib‐II renal masses: An analysis of the national cancer data base
Authors: Ristau Benjamin T. , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Cahn David B. , Kutikov Alexander , Uzzo Robert G. , Smaldone Marc C. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDPartial nephrectomy (PN) is recommended for localized T1a (≤4 cm) renal masses and is preferred over radical nephrectomy (RN) for amenable T1b/T2 (>4 cm) tumors. The objective of the current study was to assess overall survival (OS) differences between PN and RN in patients with T1 and T2 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients with T1 and T2 RCC who underwent PN or RN from 2004 to 2014. Trends in surgery were evaluated using Cochran‐Armitage tests. Differences in OS were assessed using adjusted Kaplan‐Meier methods. The effects of procedure on OS were analyzed using propensity score‐based, weighted Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSIn total, 212,016 patients with T1 and T2 RCC who underwent either RN (59.7%) or PN (40.3%) were included. The use of PN rose from 2004 to 2014 (T1a: from 40.6% to 71.4%; T1b/T2: from 8.4% to 26.5%; P < .01). Adjusted 5‐year OS was longer for patients who underwent PN in both subsets, although effect magnitude was reduced in the T1b/T2 cohort (T1a: 89.6% vs 85.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70‐0.75; P < .01; T1b/T2: 82.5% vs 80.8%; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83‐0.94; P = .01). The benefit of PN on OS diminished as age and time from diagnosis increased; no OS improvement was observed in patients age ≥75 years who had T1b/T2 tumors (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.06).CONCLUSIONSReceipt of PN is associated with improved OS in patients with T1a RCC. No procedure‐related differences in OS were observed for patients age ≥75 years who had tumors measuring >4 cm. Decisions to undergo PN for T1b/T2 tumors should be based on individualized risk assessment.
Multimodal lung tumor image recognition algorithm based on integrated convolutional neural network
Authors: Shi Hongyan , Zhang NanDong , Wu Xiao‐qiang , Zhang Yu‐Dong 
Published: September 2018

SummaryLung cancer has become one of the major diseases that seriously threaten human health. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is very important for the quality of lung cancer patients. Researching computer‐assisted systems for lung cancer recognition is one of the effective means to help physicians quickly diagnose lung cancer. Therefore, this paper studies the multimodal recognition algorithm for lung images. This algorithm uses CT images, PET images, and PET/CT images of lung tumors as the experimental objects and uses convolutional neural network to realize lung tumor recognition. Based on the recognition of lung tumors by convolutional neural networks, an integrated convolutional neural network was used to identify lung tumors to improve the recognition accuracy and reduce the training time. The experimental results show that the convolutional neural network can effectively identify the lung tumor images. The number of iterations and batch size in the training process will have an impact on the recognition of lung tumors. The integrated convolutional neural network designed is superior to single convolutional neural network in terms of recognition accuracy and time consumption.
Nanometer‐scale Multiplexed Super‐Resolution Imaging with an Economic 3D‐DNA‐PAINT Microscope
Authors: Auer Alexander , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Woehrstein Johannes B. , Schueder Florian , Strauss Maximilian T. , Grabmayr Heinrich , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOptical super‐resolution microscopy is rapidly changing the way imaging studies in the biological and biomedical sciences are conducted. Due to the unique capability of achieving molecular contrast using fluorescent labels and sub‐diffraction resolution down to a few tens of nanometers, super‐resolution is developing as an attractive imaging modality. While the increased spatial resolution has already enabled structural studies at unprecedented molecular detail, the wide‐spread use of super‐resolution approaches as a standard characterization technique in biological laboratories has thus far been prevented by mainly two issues: (1) Intricate sample preparation and image acquisition and (2) costly and complex instrumentation. We here introduce a combination of the recently developed super‐resolution technique DNA‐PAINT (DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography) with an easy‐to‐replicate, custom‐built 3D single‐molecule microscope (termed liteTIRF) that is an order of magnitude more economic in cost compared to most commercial systems. We assay the performance of our system using synthetic two‐ and three‐dimensional DNA origami structures and show the applicability to single‐ and multiplexed cellular imaging.
Transmission pathways and spillover of an erythrocytic bacterial pathogen from domestic cats to wild felids
Authors: Kellner Annie , Carver Scott , Scorza Valeria , McKee Clifton D. , Lappin Michael , Crooks Kevin R. , VandeWoude Sue , Antolin Michael F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany pathogens infect multiple hosts, and spillover from domestic to wild species poses a significant risk of spread of diseases that threaten wildlife and humans. Documentation of cross‐species transmission, and unraveling the mechanisms that drive it, remains a challenge. Focusing on co‐occurring domestic and wild felids, we evaluate possible transmission mechanisms and evidence of spillover of“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (CMhm), an erythrocytic bacterial parasite of cats. We examine transmission and possibility of spillover by analyzingCMhmprevalence, modeling possible transmission pathways, deducing genotypes ofCMhmpathogens infecting felid hosts based on sequences of the bacterial 16SrRNAgene, and conducting phylogenetic analyses with ancestral state reconstruction to identify likely cross‐species transmission events. Model selection analyses suggest both indirect (i.e., spread via vectors) and direct (i.e., via interspecific predation) pathways may play a role inCMhmtransmission. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that transmission ofCMhmappears to predominate within host species, with occasional spillover, at unknown frequency, between species. These analyses are consistent with transmission by predation of smaller cats by larger species, with subsequent within‐species persistence after spillover. Our results implicate domestic cats as a source of global dispersal and spillover to wild felids via predation. We contribute to the emerging documentation of predation as a common means of pathogen spillover from domestic to wild cats, including pathogens of global conservation significance. These findings suggest risks for top predators as bioaccumulators of pathogens from subordinate species.
Nonfat milk attenuates acute hyperglycemia in individuals with android obesity: A randomized control trial
Authors: Leary Miriam P. , Roy Stephen J. , Lim Jisok , Park Wonil , Ferrari Rodrigo , Eaves Jared , Machin Daniel R. , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundElevated android body fat increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to the proatherogenic metabolic state evident in android adiposity. Due to the insulinotropic effect of milk‐derived proteins, postprandial hyperglycemia has been shown to be reduced with the addition of dairy products. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one serving of nonfat milk added to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android adiposity and whether these improvements would be associated with metabolic and/or peripheral hemodynamic effects.MethodsIn this placebo‐controlled, randomized, crossover experimental study, 29 overweight/obese adults (26 ± 1 year) consumed an OGTT beverage (75 g glucose) combined with either nonfat milk (227 g) or a placebo control (12 g lactose + 8 g protein + 207 g water) that was matched for both carbohydrate and protein quantities.ResultsIn the whole sample, blood glucose and insulin concentrations increased over time in both trials with no significant differences between trials. Relative increases in peak blood glucose response were significantly related to android body fat (p < 0.05). The subjects in the highest tertiles of android body fat displayed attenuated hyperglycemic responses as well as improvements in flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) after milk intake.ConclusionsA single serving of nonfat milk may attenuate acute hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android body fat offering a simple and convenient option for managing elevations in blood glucose.
Genome‐wide interaction studies identify sex‐specific risk alleles for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts
Authors: Carlson Jenna C. , Nidey Nichole L. , Butali Azeez , Buxo Carmen J. , Christensen Kaare , Deleyiannis Frederic W.‐D. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Field L. Leigh , Moreno‐Uribe Lina M. , Orioli Ieda M. , Poletta Fernando A. , Padilla Carmencita , Vieira Alexandre R. , Weinberg Seth M. , Wehby George L. , Feingold Eleanor , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. , Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect in humans and is notable for its apparent sexual dimorphism where approximately twice as many males are affected as females. The sources of this disparity are largely unknown, but interactions between genetic and sex effects are likely contributors. We examined gene‐by‐sex (G × S) interactions in a worldwide sample of 2,142 NSCL/P cases and 1,700 controls recruited from 13 countries. First, we performed genome‐wide joint tests of the genetic (G) and G × S effects genome‐wide using logistic regression assuming an additive genetic model and adjusting for 18 principal components of ancestry. We further interrogated loci with suggestive results from the joint test (
p < 1.00 × 10
−5) by examining the G × S effects from the same model. Out of the 133 loci with suggestive results (
p < 1.00 × 10
−5) for the joint test, we observed one genome‐wide significant G × S effect in the 10q21 locus (rs72804706;
p = 6.69 × 10
−9; OR = 2.62 CI [1.89, 3.62]) and 16 suggestive G × S effects. At the intergenic 10q21 locus, the risk of NSCL/P is estimated to increase with additional copies of the minor allele for females, but the opposite effect for males. Our observation that the impact of genetic variants on NSCL/P risk differs for males and females may further our understanding of the genetic architecture of NSCL/P and the sex differences underlying clefts and other birth defects.
A parametric analysis of capillary pressure effects during geologic carbon sequestration in a sandstone reservoir
Authors: Wu Hao , Jayne Richard S. , Pollyea Ryan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring carbon capture and sequestration, capillary forces and buoyancy effects strongly influence CO2 migration and plume geometry. To understand interactions between these processes, we implement a numerical modeling experiment of CO2 injections in a sandstone reservoir to understand how parametric variability reported in the literature affects numerical predictions of CO2 migration. We simulate ten years of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) injections for 189 unique parameter combinations (entry pressure, Po, and van Genuchten fitting parameter, λ) that control the van Genuchten capillary pressure model. Results are analyzed on the basis of a dimensionless ratio, ω, which is a modified Bond number that defines the relationship between buoyancy pressure and capillary pressure. When ω > 1, buoyancy governs the system and CO2 plume geometry is governed by upward flow. In contrast, when ω < 1, then buoyancy is smaller than capillary force and lateral flow governs CO2 plume geometry. We show that the ω ratio is an easily implemented screening tool for qualitative assessment of CO2 distribution characteristics. We also show how parametric variability affects the relationship between buoyancy and capillary force, and thus controls CO2 plume geometry: (1) small entry pressure Po encourages vertical flow and large entry pressure Po inhibits vertical flow; and (2) the van Genuchten fitting parameter λ exhibits minimal control on the spatial distribution of CO2, as evidenced by the 2 × difference between the ∂ω/∂Po and ∂ω/∂λ gradients quantified using response surface analysis of the ω ratio. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The TAM receptor TYRO3 is a critical regulator of myelin thickness in the central nervous system
Authors: Blades Farrah , Aprico Andrea , Akkermann Rainer , Ellis Sarah , Binder Michele D. , Kilpatrick Trevor J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Major deficits arise in MS patients due to an inability to repair damaged myelin sheaths following CNS insult, resulting in prolonged axonal exposure and neurodegeneration. The TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk) have been implicated in MS susceptibility, demyelination and remyelination. Previously, we have shown that Tyro3 regulates developmental myelination and myelin thickness within the optic nerve and rostral region of the corpus callosum (CC) of adult mice. In this study we have verified and extended our previous findings via a comprehensive analysis of axonal ensheathment and myelin thickness in the CC of unchallenged mice, following demyelination and during myelin repair. We show that the loss of the Tyro3 receptor correlates with significantly thinner myelin sheaths in both unchallenged mice and during remyelination, particularly in larger caliber axons. The hypomyelinated phenotype observed in the absence of Tyro3 occurs independently of any influence upon oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) maturation, or density of oligodendrocytes (OLs) or microglia. Rather, the primary effect of Tyro3 is upon the radial expansion of myelin. The loss of Tyro3 leads to a reduction in the number of myelin lamellae on axons, and is therefore most likely a key component of the regulatory mechanism by which oligodendrocytes match myelin production to axonal diameter.
Cognitive functioning transitions, health expectancies, and inequalities among elderly people in China: A nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Hou Chengbei , Lin Yinan , Ren Ming , Liu Mengyang , Ma Yuan , Li Haibin , Tao Lixin , Wang Wei , Li Xia , Fang Xianghua , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveIn China, cognitive impairment has become a huge challenge owing to the rapid aging process. We investigate cognitive health expectancy and potential factors leading to inequalities of cognitive health for Chinese older people.MethodsThe study included 19 943 participants aged 65 to 95 at the first observation in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey collected during 2002‐2014. Cognitive impairment was categorized into none, mild, and severe by the score of cMMSE. Multistate models based on continuous‐time Markov process were applied to calculate cognitive health expectancies and estimate hazard ratio from no impairment to impairment for potential factors.ResultsUrban women and men aged 65 were expected to spend 31.18% and 19.82% of their remaining 17.46 and 15.45 years with cognitive impairment; meanwhile, rural women and men aged 65 were expected to spend 35.31% and 21.39% of their remaining 16.73 and 14.87 years with cognitive impairment. Women achieving lower educational attainment (HR1‐6 years = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.71‐0.87; HR7+ years = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.49‐0.70) than men and rural residents having less access to medical service (HR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.68‐0.92) and doing less regular exercise (HR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.80‐0.96) than urban people caused the differences of cognitive health for genders and regions.ConclusionsWomen and rural people experience less cognitive health expectancies compared with their counterparts, respectively. Chinese government should pay more attention to rural women and make efforts to reduce the inequalities of cognitive health by increasing opportunities of education for women and improving access to medical service and healthy lifestyle for rural people.