bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching early reading skills to children with severe intellectual disabilities using Headsprout Early Reading
Authors: Herring Emma , Grindle Corinna , Kovshoff Hanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundBeginning reading skills are often taught using phonics. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of phonics with typically developing students, but less research has evaluated this method with students with intellectual disabilities.MethodThis paper evaluated the computerized phonics‐based intervention Headsprout Early Reading® with eight students aged 7–19 years with severe intellectual disability. Six children were verbal, two were non‐verbal. Four students completed Headsprout as it was designed for typically developing children, and four students accessed two adapted version of the intervention. Additional table‐top teaching was used to support the intervention for some participants.ResultsVerbal students improved in initial sound fluency, nonsense word reading, and word recognition, but did not show improvements in phonemic segmentation, regardless of whether or not they accessed the original or adapted intervention.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that Headsprout Early Reading can be used to support the development of reading skills for students with intellectual disability.
Is it possible to use interpretative phenomenological analysis in research with people who have intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Rose John , Malik Kulsoom , Hirata Edward , Roughan Harry , Aston Kirsty , Larkin Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis paper examines the appropriateness of using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in research with people who have intellectual disabilities, focussing on quality.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search to identify published studies. We assessed the quality of the studies using a bespoke framework, adapted from previous reviews, and articles on indicators of “good” IPA work.ResultsTwenty‐eight papers were reviewed. The studies were of varying quality: 6 (22%) papers were rated as “good” quality; 16 (57%) were “acceptable”, and 6 (21%) were “poor.” This ratio was comparable to that found in assessments of IPA papers in other domains, suggesting that issues of quality reflect researcher competence, rather than challenges with the population.ConclusionsIPA can be an appropriate methodology to use with people with intellectual disabilities. We encourage researchers to develop more detailed analyses, to provide more transparency about their sampling strategies, and more detail of the characteristics of their samples.
Bromide alleviates fatty acid‐induced lipid accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes through the activation of PPARα signals
Authors: Shi Yujie , Zhang Wenxiang , Cheng Yinlong , Liu Chang , Chen Siyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) and liver triglyceride (TG) accumulations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, trace elements function as essential cofactors that are involved in various biochemical processes in mammals, including metabolic homeostasis. Notably, clinical and animal studies suggest that the plasma levels of bromide negatively correlate with those of TG, total cholesterol (TC) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C). However, the effect of bromide on lipid accumulation and the direct molecular target responsible for its action remains unknown. Oil red O (ORO) and Nile red staining were used to detect the effect of bromide on lipid accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes (PHs) treated with different doses of sodium bromide (NaBr) in the presence of FFAs (0.4 mM oleate/palmitic acid 1:1). Spectrophotometric and fluorometric analyses were performed to assess cellular TG concentrations and rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), respectively, in mouse PHs. We found that bromide decreased FFA‐induced lipid accumulation and increased FFA‐inhibited oxygen consumptions in mouse PHs in a dose‐dependent manner via activation of PPARα. Mechanical studies demonstrated that bromide decreased the phosphorylation levels of JNK. More importantly, the PPARα‐specific inhibitor GW6471 partially abolished the beneficial effects of bromide on mouse PHs. Bromide alleviates FFA‐induced excessive lipid storage and increases rates of FAO through the activation of PPARα/JNK signals in mouse PHs. Therefore, bromide may serve as a novel drug in the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
MICAL‐L2 potentiates Cdc42‐dependent EGFR stability and promotes gastric cancer cell migration
Authors: Min Pengxiang , Zhao Shuo , Liu Lei , Zhang Yujie , Ma Yadong , Zhao Xuyang , Wang Yueyuan , Song Yixuan , Zhu Chenchen , Jiang Haonan , Gu Luo , Du Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnhanced migration potential is a common characteristic of cancer cells induced by mechanisms that are incompletely defined. The present study was designed to investigate relationship of a new discovered cytoskeleton regulator MICAL‐L2 and the endogenous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathways in gastric cancer cell migration. Increased expression of MICAL‐L2 in gastric cancer cells up‐regulated EGFR protein level, accompanied by the increase of cell migration, whereas silencing MICAL‐L2 down‐regulated EGFR and inhibited cell migration. Expression of MICAL‐L2 was also shown positively correlated with the activation of HSP27/cytoskeleton and HSP27/β‐catenin signalling pathways that provide key mechanisms controlling cell migration. The up‐regulating effect of MICAL‐L2 on EGFR is mediated through a transcription‐independent mechanism that involves inhibiting EGFR protein degradation in lysosome. Further analysis indicated that Cdc42 activation contributed in maintaining the effect of MICAL‐L2 on EGFR stability. Furthermore analysis of clinic specimens revealed increased expression of MICAL‐L2 in carcinoma tissues and a positive correlation between MICAL‐L2 and EGFR expression levels. The above results indicate that MICAL‐L2 potentiates gastric cell migration via inhibiting EGFR degradation in lysosome via a Cdc42‐dependent manner that leads to the activation of EGFR/HSP27 signalling pathways.
Associations between nutritional energy delivery, bioimpedance spectroscopy and functional outcomes in survivors of critical illness
Authors: Fetterplace K. , Beach L. J. , MacIsaac C. , Presneill J. , Edbrooke L. , Parry S. M. , Rechnitzer T. , Curtis R. , Berney S. , Deane A. M. , Denehy L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients who survive critical illness frequently develop muscle weakness that can impact on quality of life; nutrition is potentially a modifiable risk factor. The present study aimed to explore the associations between cumulative energy deficits (using indirect calorimetry and estimated requirements), nutritional and functional outcomes.MethodsA prospective single‐centre observational study of 60 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, who were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h, was conducted. Cumulative energy deficit was determined from artificial nutrition delivery compared to targets. Measurements included: (i) at recruitment and ICU discharge, weight, fat‐free mass (bioimpedance spectroscopy) and malnutrition (Subjective Global Assessment score B/C); (ii) at awakening and ICU discharge, physical function (Physical Function in Intensive Care Test‐scored) and muscle strength (Medical Research Council sum‐score (MRC‐SS). ICU‐acquired weakness was defined as a MRC‐SS score of less than 48/60.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) cumulative energy deficit compared to the estimated targets up to ICU day 12 was 3648 (2514–5650) kcal. Adjusting for body mass index, age and severity of illness, cumulative energy deficit (per 1000 kcal) was independently associated with greater odds of ICU‐acquired weakness [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–3.3, P = 0.001] and malnutrition (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.2, P = 0.02). In similar multivariable linear models, cumulative energy deficit was associated with reductions in fat‐free mass (−1.3 kg; 95% CI = −2.4 to −0.2, P = 0.02) and physical function scores (−0.6 points; 95% CI = −0.9 to −0.3, P = 0.001).ConclusionsCumulative energy deficit from artificial nutrition support was associated with reduced functional outcomes and greater loss of fat‐free mass in ventilated ICU patients.
Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non‐human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio Barreto de , Santos Edmilson dos , Cardoso Jáder da Cruz , Noll Carlos Alberto , Lima Marcelo de Moura , Silva Franko de Arruda e , Ferreira Milene Silveira , Martins Lívia Carício , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFree‐ranging non‐human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wildAlouatta carayapopulations in forests in southern Brazil.MethodsWe collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests.ResultsViral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs.ConclusionsSaint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
Cervical cytology use in Portugal: Results from the National Health Survey 2014
Authors: Rukhadze Londa , Lunet Nuno , Peleteiro Bárbara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimGiven the disparities across regional cervical cancer screening programs implemented in Portugal, understanding the patterns of cervical cytology use is essential to improve cervical cancer control. We aimed to describe the use of cervical cytology and identify factors associated with its non‐ and underuse.MethodsA total of 5884 women aged 25–64 years were evaluated as part of the National Health Survey 2014. Previous use of cervical cytology was classified as never or ever, and ever‐users having undergone the latest testing more than 5 years before were considered under‐users. We computed age‐ and education‐adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for non‐ and underuse.ResultsOverall, 13.2 and 12.0% of women reported nonuse and underuse of cervical cytology, respectively. The Norte region presented the lowest prevalence of nonuse and R.A. Açores the highest. Low socioeconomic status and unhealthy lifestyles were significantly associated with low cervical cytology use, whereas greater use was observed in those having more recent contact with health services.ConclusionsCervical cytology use was shown to differ according to sociodemographic characteristics and access to/use of healthcare services. Large regional variations persist in Portugal despite organized screening programs that cover most of the country.
Adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in children: A cohort study
Authors: Mohamed Rizvi Zafar , Palasanthiran Pamela , Wu Camille , Mostaghim Mona , McMullan Brendan 
Published: April 2019

AimsSurgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is an important measure to reduce post‐operative infections. Guidelines exist, but their efficacy and performance in children is poorly understood compared with adults. To review adherence to SAP guidelines, this study assesses risk factors for non‐adherence and rate of early post‐surgical infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of paediatric surgical cases (0–<18 years) at a tertiary children's hospital was performed. Patient characteristics, surgical factors and antimicrobial details were evaluated against hospital guidelines for overall adherence and domains of: antimicrobial choice, dose, re‐dosing, timing and duration. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for non‐adherence. Hospital records were reviewed for post‐operative infections at 7 and 30 days.ResultsAmong 326 cases, overall guideline adherence was 39.6% but varied by domain and surgical subspecialty. Incorrect wound classification was associated with overall non‐adherence on multivariate regression (odds ratio (OR): 2.59; P < 0.001). Incorrect antimicrobial choice was more likely in children with penicillin hypersensitivity (OR 138.34, P = 0.004) and incorrect dosing more likely in adolescent patients (OR 4.33; P = 0.004). Presence of invasive devices was associated with prolonged duration of antimicrobials (OR 2.92, P = 0.016). Only two post‐operative infections were documented by 30 days, but data were insufficient to exclude mild infections managed in the community.ConclusionsSAP was suboptimal in children, with areas for improvement including better guidance on wound classification, allergy management and care for adolescent patients. Documented infections were rare, but mild infections were unable to be excluded due to limited post‐discharge information.
Protein/lipid ratio for the growth of juvenile clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris
Authors: Díaz‐Jiménez Lorenzo , Hernández‐Vergara Martha P. , Pérez‐Rostro Carlos I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe protein and lipid requirement for the growth of juvenile clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment (E1), eight diets with four different protein levels (370, 410, 440, and 460 g/kg) and two lipid levels (80 and 100 g/kg) were evaluated during 105 days with 10 clownfish (considering each individual as a replicate). In the second experiment (E2), three isoproteic diets (430 g/kg) with three lipid levels (100, 110, and 120 g/kg) and 10 pairs of clownfish (considering a pair as a replicate) were evaluated for 100 days. A commercial diet was used as the control. The efficiency of the diets was evaluated in relation to the survival and growth. The average survival of fish during E1 was 100% and during E2 was 97%. Through E1, the weight gain (mg) obtained with the control diet and the diets with high protein content were similar, while the diets with protein/lipid ratios of 370/80, 370/100, and 410/80 exhibited significantly lower results. In contrast, during E2, the control and 430/100 diets promoted greater weight gain. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the requirement of protein/lipids for juvenile clownfish is 430/100.
Receiving No Perfection from Another: Francis Turretin on Divine Simplicity
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis essay focuses on the articulation of the doctrine of divine simplicity found in the work of Francis Turretin. Appropriating and developing catholic theology proper, Turretin’s account provides a suitable window into the early Reformed reception of divine simplicity. The essay sets out Turretin’s account of divine simplicity by first locating it within his understanding of the task of theology proper. Understanding his approach to theology proper will involve considering his estimation of the object and genus of theology. Next, given that the doctrine of divine simplicity involves a number of philosophical terms and arguments, we will consider his understanding of the relationship between theology and philosophy, including the “ministerial” role of reason in formulating Christian doctrine. The argument will then move on to examine directly his description of divine simplicity as a divine attribute or “property.” This will involve examining Turretin’s discussion of matters like the nature of composition, the positive reasons for upholding divine simplicity, and the bearing of divine simplicity on our view of the divine attributes. The final section will note some ways in which Turretin applies and clarifies the doctrine of God’s simplicity through his engagement with other doctrinal loci, including the Trinity, the divine decree, creation, and the incarnation.
Latitudinal diversity of biting midge species within the Obsoletus group across three habitats in Europe
Authors: Möhlmann T. W. R. , Bekendam A. M. , van Kemenade I. , Wennergren U. , Favia G. , Takken W. , Koenraadt C. J. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCulicoides species from the Obsoletus group are important vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus. This group consists of several species that cannot easily be identified using morphological characteristics. Therefore, limited information is available about their distribution and habitat preferences. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the species composition of the Obsoletus group in three habitat types at climatically different latitudes across Europe. Traps were placed in three habitat types in three countries at different latitudes. After DNA extraction, biting midges were identified using PCR and gel electrophoresis. Extraction of DNA using Chelex proved to be a cost and time efficient method for species identification. A latitudinal effect on the relative abundance of species from the Obsoletus group was found. Species composition was unique for most country‐habitat combinations. The majority of biting midges were either C. obsoletus s.s. or C. scoticus, and both species were found at all latitudes and habitats. Their wide distribution and their high abundance at livestock farms make these species likely candidates for rapid farm‐to‐farm transmission of pathogens throughout Europe. Our results emphasize the need to differentiate Obsoletus group species to better understand their ecology and contribution to pathogen transmission.
An accountability evaluation for the International Food & Beverage Alliance's Global Policy on Marketing Communications to Children to reduce obesity: A narrative review to inform policy
Authors: Kraak Vivica I. , Rincón‐Gallardo Patiño Sofia , Sacks Gary 
Published: April 2019

SummaryUnited Nations (UN) organizations have urged governments to restrict the marketing of unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverage products to children. This study conducted an accountability evaluation for the International Food & Beverage Alliance's (IFBA's) Global Policy on Marketing Communications to Children (Global Policy) compared with UN and other best‐practice recommendations. We used the National Academy of Medicine's LEAD (ie, locate, evaluate, assemble evidence to inform decisions) framework to identify evidence (January 2004 to October 2018). We assigned a progress score (ie, none, limited, some, extensive) for five accountability steps. No progress was made to appoint an empowered body to evaluate IFBA's Global Policy. IFBA and the Access to Nutrition Foundation made some progress to take and share the account. Diverse actors made no progress to hold IFBA to account for nonadherence or to strengthen accountability structures for future compliance. IFBA could strengthen its Global Policy to align with best practices. UN organizations and other stakeholders should encourage IFBA firms to restrict the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to reduce children's obesity risk. This evaluation is relevant to all firms and industry associations that market products to children that undermine their diet and health.
Membrane proteomic analysis reveals overlapping and independent functions of Streptococcus mutans Ffh, YidC1, and YidC2
Authors: Mishra Surabhi , Crowley Paula J. , Wright Katherine R. , Palmer Sara R. , Walker Alejandro R. , Datta Susmita , Brady L. Jeannine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA comparative proteomic analysis was utilized to evaluate similarities and differences in membrane samples derived from the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans, including the wild‐type strain and four mutants devoid of protein translocation machinery components, specifically ∆ffh, ∆yidC1, ∆yidC2, or ∆ffh/yidC1. The purpose of this work was to determine the extent to which the encoded proteins operate individually or in concert with one another and to identify the potential substrates of the respective pathways. Ffh is the principal protein component of the signal recognition particle (SRP), while yidC1 and yidC2 are dual paralogs encoding members of the YidC/Oxa/Alb family of membrane‐localized chaperone insertases. Our results suggest that the co‐translational SRP pathway works in concert with either YidC1 or YidC2 specifically, or with no preference for paralog, in the insertion of most membrane‐localized substrates. A few instances were identified in which the SRP pathway alone, or one of the YidCs alone, appeared to be most relevant. These data shed light on underlying reasons for differing phenotypic consequences of ffh, yidC1 or yidC2 deletion. Our data further suggest that many membrane proteins present in a ∆yidC2 background may be non‐functional, that ∆yidC1 is better able to adapt physiologically to the loss of this paralog, that shared phenotypic properties of ∆ffh and ∆yidC2 mutants can stem from impacts on different proteins, and that independent binding to ribosomal proteins is not a primary functional activity of YidC2. Lastly, genomic mutations accumulate in a ∆yidC2 background coincident with phenotypic reversion, including an apparent W138R suppressor mutation within yidC1.
Establishment of immunity against Epstein‐Barr virus infection in a patient with CHARGE/complete DiGeorge syndrome after peripheral blood lymphocyte transfusion
Authors: Hosaka Sho , Kobayashi Chie , Saito Hirota , Imai-Saito Ayako , Suzuki Ryoko , Iwabuchi Atsushi , Kato Yoshiaki , Jimbo Takahiro , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Onodera Masafumi , Imadome Ken‐Ichi , Masumoto Kouji , Nanmoku Toru , Fukushima Takashi , Kosaki Kenjiro , Sumazaki Ryo , Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is a rare congenital malformation syndrome which may share symptoms with DiGeorge syndrome. Complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS) is a severe form of DiGeorge syndrome, characterized by a CD3+ T‐cell count of <50/mm3 due to athymia, and is fatal without immunologic intervention. We performed peripheral blood lymphocyte transfusion (PBLT) from an HLA‐identical sibling without pretransplant conditioning in a CHARGE/cDGS patient with a novel CHD7 splice site mutation. Cyclosporine and short‐term methotrexate were used for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, and neither acute nor chronic GVHD was observed. After PBLT, T‐cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A recovered, and intractable diarrhea improved. EBV infection, evidenced by a gradual increase in the viral genome copy number to a maximum of 2861 copies/μgDNA on day 42 after PBLT, resolved spontaneously. HLA A2402 restricted, EBV‐specific CTLs were detected from peripheral blood on day 148, and EBV seroconversion was observed on day 181. Thus, EBV‐specific immunity was successfully established by PBLT. Our results indicate that PBLT is a simple and effective therapy to reconstitute immune systems in CHARGE/DiGeorge syndrome.