bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and mediators induced by Bisphenol A via ERK‐NFκB and JAK1/2‐STAT3 pathways in macrophages
Authors: Huang Fu‐Mei , Chang Yu‐Chao , Lee Shiuan‐Shinn , Yang Ming‐Ling , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMacrophages not only play an important role in the innate immune response but also participate in many inflammatory and infectious diseases including asthma, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most commonly used component for plastic products. However, BPA is an endocrine disruptor for mammals and participates in several inflammatory and infectious diseases. Up until now, there are no researches demonstrated the potential role of BPA in macrophage activation and its relative mechanism. BPA promoted the generation of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNFα in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). BPA was identified to increase the expression of proinflammatory mediators NO and PGE2, and its upstream factors iNOS, COX2, and cPLA2 in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 were significantly induced by BPA via IκB degradation (P < 0.05). In addition, phosphorylation of ERK significantly induced by BPA at a concentration which was less than that for phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK (P < 0.05). Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAT3 significantly induced by BPA at a concentration lower than that for phosphorylation of STAT1 (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK2 was also significantly induced by BPA in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05).
VANET security and forensics: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Abassi Ryma 
Published: January 2019

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are a key part of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) as they constitute an intelligent transport network where vehicles and some infrastructure collaborate to exchange messages about traffic, accidents, etc. In such context, security becomes a key component to ensure that exchanged messages were not modified or inserted for example. Consequently, a wide variety of research contributions have been recently presented to cope with this issue. This paper presents a review of most recent papers dealing with security issues in VANETs. Hence, it presents an overview of VANETs and mainly their characteristics as well as their main applications. Then, the main security challenges faced by VANETs are introduced. This is done by first listing their main security requirements, second by establishing attackers' profiles, and their attacks and third by introducing some security solutions. Finally, the opportunities and challenges related to VANETs security are presented such as Trust, Internet of Vehicle, etc.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Vehicle Forensics
Digital and Multimedia Science > Mobile Forensics
Digital and Multimedia Science > IoT Forensics
Fleet-Wide Proactive Maintenance of Machine Tools
Authors: Peysson Flavien , Mozzati Christophe , Leon David , Lafuste Quentin , Leger Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFleet-wide proactive maintenance characterizes all services that are made available to the users to help them to operate, supervise and maintain a fleet of systems. These services can be, for a general manager of a fleet, a dashboard of all the systems’ business indicators or, for a technical manager, a dashboard of all the systems’ maintenance and health status. At the bottom level of the pyramidal hierarchy, a technical operator should have a fast overview of the systems’ status and should be alerted at the right time when a system needs to be checked. Nowadays, more and more data and information are available on machine tools which should be treated and analysed to extract the right information for the right people at the right time. To achieve this goal, a fleet-wide proactive maintenance platform requires several main business services to have an understandable view of the system by all users and, thus, save time for decision-making during diagnosis and prognosis analysis.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Surgical Management and Outcomes of Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Cairns Ashley L. , Schlottmann Francisco , Strassle Paula D. , Di Corpo Marco , Patti Marco G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA. We aimed to determine racial and socioeconomic disparities in the surgical management and outcomes of patients with CRC in a contemporary, national cohort.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for the period 2009–2015. Adult patients diagnosed with CRC and who underwent colorectal resection were included. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of race, insurance type, and household income on patient outcomes.ResultsA total of 100,515 patients were included: 72,552 (72%) had elective admissions and 27,963 (28%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Patients with private insurance and higher household income were consistently more likely to have laparoscopic procedures, compared to other insurance types and income levels, p < 0.0001. Black patients, compared to white patients, were more likely to have postoperative complications (OR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.17, 1.29). Patients with Medicare and Medicaid, compared to private insurance, were also more likely to have postoperative complications (OR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.24, 1.37 and OR 1.40, 95% CI, 1.31, 1.50). Patients in low‐household‐income areas had higher rates of any complication (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06, 1.16).ConclusionsThe use of laparoscopic surgery in patients with CRC is strongly influenced by insurance type and household income, with Medicare, Medicaid and low‐income patients being less likely to undergo laparoscopic surgery. In addition, black patients, patients with public insurance, and patients with low household income have significant worse surgical outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Multiple Doses of the Novel Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist Cligosiban in Development for Premature Ejaculation: Two Randomized Clinical Trials in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Muirhead Gary J. , Osterloh Ian H. , Whaley Steven , van den Berg Frans 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Cligosiban (formerly IX-01) is a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist being developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
To investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of multiple oral doses of cligosiban in healthy male subjects; measure the amount of cligosiban in semen; and evaluate the potential of cligosiban to modulate CYP3A4.

Methods
Both studies were double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group designs involving sequential cohorts of 12 subjects each. Cligosiban dosage regimens were 100 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, 1200 mg, 1,600 mg and 2,400 mg once daily for 10 days, administered as an aqueous dispersion.

Outcomes
Blood samplings for cligosiban assays and safety assessments were performed throughout both studies. Semen was collected on day 9 at 2–4 hours postdose in study 1 only. Safety assessments included monitoring of adverse events, 12-lead electrocardiography, vital signs, and laboratory safety assessments. Urine samples for assessment of the 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio were collected before dosing on days 1 and 10.

Results
Cligosiban was rapidly absorbed after both single and multiple dosing, with maximum plasma concentrations typically measured at 1–3 hours postdose. The terminal half-life was approximately 12 hours, and steady state was achieved by day 3. Exposure increased approximately proportionally to dose after single dosing but less than proportionally after multiple dosing. Accumulation ratios were higher at the lower doses compared with higher doses (2.3 at 100 mg vs 1.1 at 2,400 mg). The mean amount of cligosiban in semen ranged from 0.22 to 2.01 μg over the 100–1,200 mg dose range (&lt;0.0003% of the administered dose). There were no meaningful differences in the urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio after multiple dosing with cligosiban. Cligosiban appeared to be well tolerated at all dose levels.

Clinical Implications
Cligosiban is well tolerated following once-daily dosing over a wide dose range and does not appear to modulate CYP3A4 activity, suggesting limited potential for perpetrating drug–drug interactions via this mechanism.

Strengths & Limitations
The 2 controlled trials show good toleration and pharmacokinetic data, including negligible amounts of cligosiban in semen at doses expected to be therapeutic. Toleration of cligosiban will need to be confirmed in studies in patients with PE.

Conclusion
Cligosiban showed a good safety profile at doses predicted to be therapeutic or supratherapeutic along with a pharmacokinetic profile appropriate for as-required or once-daily dosing. There was no evidence that cligosiban inhibited or induced CYP3A4 at doses up to 2,400 mg.
Wage Exploitation and the Nonworseness Claim: Allowing the Wrong, To Do More Good
Authors: Faraci David 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT:Many believe that employment can be wrongfully exploitative, even if it is consensual and mutually beneficial. At the same time, it may seem third parties should not do anything to preclude or eliminate such arrangements, given these same considerations of consent and benefit. I argue that there are perfectly sensible, intuitive ethical positions that vindicate this “Reasonable View.” The view requires such defense because the literature often suggests that there is no theoretical space for it. I respond to arguments for the clearest symptom of this obscuration: the so-callednonworseness claimthat a consensual, mutually beneficial transaction cannot be “morally worse” than its absence. In addition to making space for the Reasonable View, this serves my dialectical goal of encouraging distinct attention to first- and third-party obligations.
Interpreting Life-History Traits of Miconia (Miconia calvescens) through Management over Space and Time in the East Maui Watershed, Hawaii (USA)
Authors: Leary James , Mahnken Brooke , Wada Christopher , Burnett Kimberly 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMiconia (Miconia calvescensDC) was introduced to the East Maui Watershed (EMW) a half-century ago with more than 25 yr of management recorded. Using a historical spatiotemporal data set, we constructed a leptokurtic dispersal kernel with 99% of progeny confined to within 549 m of the nearest maternal source and the remaining 1% dispersed out to 1,636 m. Seedbank persistence, based on postdated recruitment, displayed an exponential decay projecting extinction beyond 20 yr. These parameters are highly congruent to independent interpretations ofM. calvescensin Australia and Tahiti. In a simulated stage matrix model, we projected management efforts to locally eradicate a small incipient propagule bank wherein optimal management was achieved with an annual harvest rate that eliminated all juvenile recruits before reaching maturity, until extinction. Based on current pricing for helicopter herbicide ballistic technology (HBT) operations, the optimal, variable cost to locally eradicate this incipient propagule bank was estimated to be less than US$42,000, with ~90% of the effort searching for the most distant 1% of the progeny expended within the first 9 yr after the mature discovery. This variable cost was sensitive to seedbank size, recruitment rate, and dispersal range, but was most sensitive to harvest rates between suboptimal and excess. In a scenario prioritizing the upper region of EMW, we retroactively analyzed past HBT efforts eliminating satelliteM. calvescensand determined that 27% of the total effort resulted in 87% of the total protection to this priority asset, with every US$1 invested potentially avoiding US$184 in future costs. Management outside the priority area was less economical, with returns in protection diminishing with distance from the priority upper region.Miconia calvescensis currently not eradicable in the EMW, and full containment of the invasion would require a substantial increase in stable, long-term funding. With limited resources, local eradication of satelliteM. calvescenscould be the most cost-effective alternative to protecting uninvaded areas prioritized for critical ecosystem functions.
Climate-change-related long-term historical and projected changes to spring barley phenological development in Lithuania
Authors: Sujetovienė G. , Velička R. , Kanapickas A. , Kriaučiūnienė Z. , Romanovskaja D. , Bakšienė E. , Vagusevičienė I. , Klepeckas M. , Juknys R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThough the number of climate-change-related agro-phenological investigations are growing rapidly, the attention paid to spring crops has been much less than to winter ones. The objective of the current study was to investigate long-term temporal and spatial trends of spring barley phenology and to project changes in the timing and duration of different phenological phases during the current century. Higher temperatures significantly affected the potential scheduling of agricultural practices, accelerating the occurrence of sowing and emergence dates. Historical trends in harvest dates of spring barley showed a slight delay. These changes resulted in the extension of the total vegetative period of spring barley by >12 days over the period investigated (1961–2015). Since Lithuania is situated on the Baltic Sea, an increase in temperature along with an increase in distance from the sea was characteristic over the last 55 years. Projected changes in the occurrence of phenological phases of spring barley differ significantly from analysed historical changes and advancement of all phenological phases have been projected according to both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios. Shortening of the total vegetative period by 5 days is foreseen for the far (2071–2100) future according to the pessimistic (RCP 8.5) climate change scenario.
Sul concetto di generazione politica
Authors: Lattes Gianfranco Bettin 
Published: January 2019

IntroduzioneL'interrogativo principale cui ci si propone di dare una risposta in queste pagine è: perché (e come) riflettere sul concetto di generazione politica? L'interrogativo è apparentemente confinato ad un tema dai contorni piuttosto limitati. Il nodo da sciogliere, in realtà, è assai più complicato ed è da rintracciare nella palese insufficienza dell'armamentario sociologico tradizionalmente adottato per lo studio del mutamento politico. Un esempio di come si pone il problema è forse utile anche ai fini analitici. Nella storia europea uno dei dati ricorrenti è quello di una duplice forma di conflitto che ha sempre agito come motore di mutamento politico: da un lato il conflitto tra le nazioni e dall'altro lato il conflitto tra le classi. Il conflitto tra la coscienza nazionale e la coscienza di classe è stato in generale risolto a vantaggio del valore della nazione; tuttavia oggi questi due tipi di conflitto non hanno molto spazio perché sono mutati – forse in modo irreversibile – i loro fondamenti sociali, culturali e politici.
A FULLY CLASSICAL TRUTH THEORY CHARACTERIZED BY SUBSTRUCTURAL MEANS
Authors: PAILOS FEDERICO MATÍAS 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe will present a three-valued consequence relation for metainferences, called CM, defined through ST and TS, two well known substructural consequence relations for inferences. While ST recovers every classically valid inference, it invalidates some classically valid metainferences. While CM works as ST at the inferential level, it also recovers every classically valid metainference. Moreover, CM can be safely expanded with a transparent truth predicate. Nevertheless, CM cannot recapture every classically valid meta-metainference. We will afterwards develop a hierarchy of consequence relations CMn for metainferences of level n (for 1 ≤ n < ω). Each CMn recovers every metainference of level n or less, and can be nontrivially expanded with a transparent truth predicate, but cannot recapture every classically valid metainferences of higher levels. Finally, we will present a logic CMω, based on the hierarchy of logics CMn, that is fully classical, in the sense that every classically valid metainference of any level is valid in it. Moreover, CMω can be nontrivially expanded with a transparent truth predicate.
Visualizing the Interconnections Among Climate Risks
Authors: Yokohata T. , Tanaka K. , Nishina K. , Takahashi K. , Emori S. , Kiguchi M. , Iseri Y. , Honda Y. , Okada M. , Masaki Y. , Yamamoto A. , Shigemitsu M. , Yoshimori M. , Sueyoshi T. , Iwase K. , Hanasaki N. , Ito A. , Sakurai G. , Iizumi T. , Nishimori M. , Lim W. H. , Miyazaki C. , Okamoto A. , Kanae S. , Oki T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is now widely recognized that climate change affects multiple sectors in virtually every part of the world. Impacts on one sector may influence other sectors, including seemingly remote ones, which we call “interconnections of climate risks.” While a substantial number of climate risks are identified in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report, there have been few attempts to explore the interconnections between them in a comprehensive way. To fill this gap, we developed a methodology for visualizing climate risks and their interconnections based on a literature survey. Our visualizations highlight the need to address climate risk interconnections in impact and vulnerability studies. Our risk maps and flowcharts show how changes in climate impact natural and socioeconomic systems, ultimately affecting human security, health, and well‐being. We tested our visualization approach with potential users and identified likely benefits and issues. Our methodology can be used as a communication tool to inform decision makers, stakeholders, and the general public of the cascading risks that can be triggered by climate change.
Interbasin and Intrabasin Competitions Control Drainage Network Density
Authors: Hooshyar Milad , Singh Arvind , Wang Dingbao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe growth and evolution of drainage networks are controlled by erosional and depositional processes forced by climate and tectonics operating on the landscape. By analyzing the data from 137 natural basins across the United States and an ensemble of synthetic terrains generated by a numerical landscape evolution model, we observed a power law relationship between the characteristic length (the length scale at which the timescales of diffusive and advective transports are equal) and drainage density (total channel length divided by drainage area) with two scaling regimes. The observed regimes exhibit significantly different characteristics in terms of intrabasin (i.e., the interaction between channels and hillslopes) and interbasin (i.e., the interaction between adjacent basins) competitions. Our findings reveal the relationship between drainage density and basic geomorphic and topologic characteristics, which encapsulate the advective and diffusive transport processes acting on the landscape.
Variability of Precipitating Ion Fluxes During the September 2017 Event at Mars
Authors: Martinez A. , Leblanc F. , Chaufray J. Y. , Modolo R. , Romanelli N. , Curry S. , Luhmann J. , Lillis R. , Hara T. , McFadden J. , Halekas J. , Eparvier F. , Larson D. , Connerney J. , Ma Y. J. , Holmström M. , Witasse O. , Jakosky B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, we study the influence of the September 2017 solar event on the precipitating heavy ion fluxes toward Mars' atmosphere as seen by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, an energy and angular ion spectrometer and by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Suprathermal and Thermal Ion Composition instrument, an energy, mass, and angular ion spectrometer. After a careful reconstruction of the background induced by the Solar Energetic Particle event in the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Solar Wind Ion Analyzer spectrometer, we investigate the precipitating ion flux responses to the space weather events that took place in September 2017. This period is a unique opportunity to analyze the respective role of various possible drivers of heavy ion precipitation into Mars' atmosphere with a wide range of different space weather events occurring during the same month. This study shows an increase in the precipitation flux by more than 1 order of magnitude during the arrival of the September Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection compared to the average flux during quiet solar conditions. We also showed that among the possible solar drivers, the solar wind dynamic pressure is the most significant during September 2017.
The Importance of the Inelastic and Elastic Structures of the Crust in Constraining Glacial Density, Mass Change, and Isostatic Adjustment From Geodetic Observations in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Durkin William , Kachuck Samuel , Pritchard Matthew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElastic deformation of the solid Earth in response to ice mass loss offers a promising constraint on the density of glacial material lost. Further, the elastic response to modern deglaciation is important to constrain for studies of glacial isostatic adjustment to determine the mantle's structure and rheology. Models of this elastic uplift are commonly based on the 1‐D, seismically derived global average Preliminary Reference Earth Model and typically neglect uncertainties that can arise from regional differences in elastic structure from that of the global average, lateral heterogeneities within the region, and inelastic behavior of the crust. We quantify these uncertainties using an ensemble of 1‐D local elastic structure models and empirical relations for the effects of inelasticity in the upper ∼10 km of the crust. In Southeast Alaska, modeling elastic uplift rates with local elastic structures results in up to a 20–40% difference from those modeled with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model. Although these differences are limited to regions near to ice‐covered areas, they are comparable to the differences in uplift rates expected from the loss of firn versus loss of ice. Far from ice‐covered areas, where most of the region's GPS observations were made, these differences become insignificant and do not affect previous glacial isostatic adjustment studies in the region. The methods presented here are based on the globally available LITHO1.0 seismic model and open source software, and the approach of using an ensemble of 1‐D elastic structures can be easily adapted to other regions around the world.
Improving AGCM Hurricane Structure With Two‐Way Nesting
Authors: Gao Kun , Harris Lucas , Chen Jan‐Huey , Lin Shian‐Jiann , Hazelton Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that two‐way nesting significantly improves the structure of simulated hurricane in an atmospheric general circulation model. Two sets of 30‐day hindcast experiments are conducted, one with the global‐uniform‐resolution (approximately 25‐km nominal horizontal resolution) and the other with a regionally refined two‐way nest (approximately 8 km over the tropical North Atlantic). The increase in the horizontal resolution on the nested grid improves the representation of storm intensity and intensification rate. When normalized by the radius of maximum wind (RMW), composite hurricane structures are generally similar in both simulations and compare well to observations. However, the hurricanes in the globally uniform configuration have much larger RMWs than observed, while those in the two‐way‐nested configuration have more realistic RMWs. We also find that the representation of the RMW has a critical impact on the simulation of inertial stability and boundary‐layer convergence in the inner‐core region. The more realistic inner‐core size (indicated by RMW) and structure are possible reasons for the improved intensification rates in the two‐way‐nested configuration.