bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium‐Pincer‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Lactams to Amino Alcohols
Authors: Chen Jiangbo , Wang Jiaquan , Tu Tao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBy using the commercially available ruthenium pincer complex (Ru‐MACHO‐BH) as a catalyst, the challenging direct hydrogenation of lactams and analogues has been successfully accomplished to deliver corresponding value‐added amino alcohols in good‐to‐excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, in addition to N‐protected lactams, unprotected ones could also be readily reduced in the presence of a catalytic amount of weak base or even under neutral reaction conditions, which further highlights the broad substrate scope and the protocol efficiency.
Lyapunov‐Based Stability of Mix‐Valued Logical Networks
Authors: Zhao Jing , Meng Fanwei , Liu Zhenbin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates Lyapunov‐based stability of mix‐valued logical networks. First, we consider the pseudo‐logical function, and give its general logical expression. Second, based on pseudo‐logical functions, we give some definitions on the strict‐Lyapunov function of mix‐valued logical networks and establish a necessary and sufficient condition about the stability. Third, the obtained results are applied to probabilistic logical networks, and a necessary and sufficient condition of globally stability is proposed. Finally, the study of illustrative examples shows that new results presented in this paper work very well.
Einfluss der Bauwerkintegrierten Photovoltaik in Fassaden bei der energetischen Bilanzierung von Gebäuden (Teil 2)
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Bagda Engin , Brandau Kai , Loewenstein Thomas , Seibel Michael , Weller Bernhard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIm Rahmen der Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzabkommens gibt die Bundesregierung als Ziel einen nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestand bis zum Jahr 2050 vor. Neben der Verminderung von Energieverlusten spielen dabei die Erzeugung und Verbrauch von Energien aus erneuerbaren Quellen, die in unmittelbarer Umgebung zum Gebäude erzeugt werden, eine große Rolle. Photovoltaik (PV) hat dabei ein großes Potenzial, indem sie einen Teil der Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt. Bei der Deckung des Primärenergiebedarfes eines Gebäudes mit erneuerbarer Energie aus PV reicht die bisher bevorzugte Orientierung auf Dachflächen nicht aus. Hier bieten Fassaden ein großes Flächenpotenzial.In Teil 1 des Beitrages (siehe Bauphysik 2/2018) wurden die konstruktiven, normativen und energetischen Besonderheiten der Energieerzeugung an Fassaden mit Bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik beschrieben und diese in Verbindung mit der Eigennutzung diskutiert. In diesem zweiten Teil wird das Betriebsverhalten Bauwerkintegrierter PV‐Module an Fassaden anhand von Monitoringmaßnahmen an zwei Standorten über einen längeren Zeitraum untersucht.
Greening Aspang – Hygrothermische Gebäudesimulation zur Bestandsanalyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher Szenarien bezogen auf das Innenraumklima
Authors: Tudiwer David , Höckner Vera , Korjenic Azra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZu den durchgeführten hygrothermischen Messungen in Wohngebäuden im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes Greening Aspang [1] wurden Simulationen mit dem Berechnungsprogramm WUFI Plus 3.0 durchgeführt. Die Messungen aus dem Forschungsprojekt dienen dabei als Basis für die Gebäudesimulation. Um die gemessenen und die simulierten Daten abgleichen zu können, erfolgte eine detaillierte Darstellung der einzelnen Wohneinheiten. Nach Prüfung der realitätsgetreuen Abbildung durch das Simulationsmodell wurde dieses jeweils auf das gesamte Gebäude erweitert und der Einfluss verschiedener Maßnahmen auf die sommerliche Überwärmung überprüft. Die hygrothermische Behaglichkeit in den Innenräumen wurde untersucht und bewertet mit dem Ergebnis, dass für keines der untersuchten Gebäude die Sommernorm ÖNORM B 8110‐3 [2] eingehalten werden konnte.Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Simulationswerte mit den Messwerten übereinstimmen. Sie unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrer Schwankungsbreite. Die Messwerte schwanken in einem größeren Bereich als die Simulationswerte.Anhand einer Variantenstudie wurden anschließend Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher baulicher Maßnahmen auf das hygrothermische Innenraumklima während einer Hitzewelle untersucht. Zu den untersuchten Maßnahmen zählen unter anderem zusätzliche Außenverschattung, erhöhte Nachtlüftung, veränderte Fassadenfarbe sowie Fassaden‐ und Loggienbegrünung. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die effektivste Einzelmaßnahme sommerliche Überwärmung im Innenraum zu reduzieren die Außenverschattung ist. Eine Kombination aus mehreren unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen führt zu den besten Ergebnissen.
Entwicklung saisonaler Raumtemperaturverteilungen von klassischen zu modernen Gebäudestandards – Sind Rebound‐Effekte unvermeidbar?
Authors: Schröder Franz , Gill Bernhard , Güth Martin , Teich Tobias , Wolff Anna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiese Studie beschreibt Temperatur‐ und Temperaturvariabilitätstrends im Zuge von Modernisierungen deutscher Wohnumgebungen basierend auf mehreren Millionen empirischen Messungen. Mediane und Mittelwerte der Raumtemperaturen im Winter sind typisch um 4 K angestiegen, von 18 °C in der Baualtersklasse vor 1978 (OLD_77) bis hin zu etwa 22 °C in Passivhäusern (PAH). Kühlere Raumtemperaturen, unter etwa 18 °C, scheinen dagegen in Gebäuden bis EnEV‐Standard 2009 und PAH zunehmend zu verschwinden. Letztere sind – im Unterschied zu den meisten Bestandsbauten – homogener und die Heizperiode hindurch konstant hoch beheizt, ihre interne Gebäudemasse wird systematisch wärmer als in Bestandsbauten und fungiert als zusätzlicher Pufferenergiespeicher. Daher führen systematische Energieleckagen durch geöffnete Fenster und Türen wohl kaum noch zu wahrnehmbarem Komfortverlust und bestehen dauerhaft. Andererseits bewirken zusätzliche, nicht geregelte und saisonal ungünstig eingetragene Energiegewinne – hauptsächlich durch Solarstrahlung und mittelbar auch durch Warmwasserverbrauch – zu zügigem Raumtemperaturanstieg, überwärmen ggf. häufig den Wohnraum, was subsequent erst zur Herstellung des Temperaturkomforts durch Fensteröffnung, d. h. das Ablüften von Wärme, führt. In modernen EnEV‐2009 Gebäuden werden Fensteröffnungsraten beobachtet, die ohne weiteres und dauerhaft 10 % übersteigen können, auch im Hochwinter. Gegenwärtig werden entsprechende Zusammenhänge und Wechselwirkungen mit den Wohnungsnutzern durch weitere soziologische Begleituntersuchungen detaillierter und methodisch nachvollzogen. Diese Studie soll dafür sensibilisieren, dass die forcierte Durchsetzung der neuen Baustandards über EnEV‐2002 hinaus und im breiten Bestand fragwürdig erscheint, solange sich das physiologische Wohlbefinden in neuen Wohnumgebungen nicht deutlich mit technisch‐energetischen Optimierungskonzepten in Übereinstimmung bringen lässt.
Prediction of neurologic deterioration based on support vector machine algorithms and serum osmolarity equations
Authors: Lin Jixian , Jiang Aihua , Ling Meirong , Mo Yanqing , Li Meiyi , Zhao Jing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveDehydration on admission is correlated with neurological deterioration (ND). The primary objective of our study was to use support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to identify an ND prognostic model, based on dehydration equations.MethodsThis study included a total of 382 patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, laboratory values (serum sodium, potassium, chlorinum, glucose, and urea), and vascular risk factor data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of the BUN/Cr ratio as well as each of 38 equations for predicting ND. We used the Boruta algorithm for feature selection. After optimizing the SVM kernel parameters, we built an SVM model to predict ND and used the test set to obtain predictive values for assessing model accuracy.ResultsIn total, 102 of 382 patients (26.7%) with acute ischemic stroke developed ND. In all patients, the BUN/Cr ratio and each of 38 equations were significant predictors of ND. Equation 20 [1.86 × Na+ + glucose + urea + 9] yielded the maximum area under the ROC curve, and faired best in terms of prognostic performance (a cutoff value of 284.49 mM yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% and specificity of 61.43%). Equation 32 predicted ND poststroke across population groups, and worked well in older as well as young adults; (a cutoff value of 297.08 mM yielded a sensitivity of 93.14% and specificity of 60.00%). Feature selection by the Boruta algorithm was used to decrease the number of variables from 18 to 5 in the condition. The specificity of test samples for the SVM prediction model increased from 44.1% to 89.4%, and the AUC increased from 0.700 to 0.927.ConclusionsSVM algorithms can be used to establish a prediction model for dehydration‐associated ND, with good classification results.
Showing to friends or strangers? Relationship orientation influences the effect of social exclusion on conspicuous consumption
Authors: Liang Shichang , He Yun , Chang Yaping , Dong Xuebing , Zhu Donghong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevious research has shown that social exclusion can lead individuals to engage in conspicuous consumption, but these studies did not focus on the relationship between the excluder and the excluded, that is, whether they were friends or strangers. The present research aims to address this gap by taking relationship orientation as a boundary condition between social exclusion and conspicuous consumption. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that individuals who are communal relationship oriented (e.g., friends) will prefer conspicuous consumption more when they are socially excluded than when they are socially included. In contrast, there is no significant difference for exchange‐oriented individuals (e.g., strangers). Experiment 2 further confirms the hypothesis and establishes the underlying mechanism by showing that self‐esteem plays an intermediary role in the effect of social exclusion and relationship orientation on conspicuous consumption. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Composition, functional components, and physical characteristics of grain from staygreen and senescent sorghum lines grown under variable water availability
Authors: Emendack Yves , Burke John , Bean Scott , Wilson Jeff , Hayes Chad , Laza Haydee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe inclusion of sorghum into human food and feed is limited by its low digestibility compared to corn, due to the presence of high total kafirin levels in sorghum grain. Water stress after pollination reduced grain filling, affecting the grain composition, grain functional components, and grain physical characteristics. Sorghum lines possessing the staygreen trait continue to fill their grain under postflowering water deficit. Understanding the environmental effect on the grain nutritional composition and grain physical characteristics of staygreen and senescent sorghum lines will be critical for breeders when selecting traits. This research evaluated a diverse group of staygreen and senescent sorghum lines subjected to full, preflowering water deficit, and postflowering water deficit irrigations.FindingsStaygreen lines had significantly higher levels of total protein and total kafirin, but lower total starch than senescent types. Higher kafirin level was linked to kernel hardness, and this level increased under water deficit. There were no differences between staygreen and senescent sorghum lines in protein digestibility, fermentation efficiency, kafirin per percent protein, kernel hardness, kernel weight, and kernel diameter irrespective of irrigation treatment.ConclusionsThe nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghum grains were affected by the environment and varies across lines and cultivars. Higher total kafirin level in grains reduces digestibility and impedes energy utilization by interfering with starch digestion. Staygreen lines had significantly higher levels of total protein and total kafirin, but lower total starch than senescent types.Significance and noveltyWith considerable variability in grain digestibility and feeding value among sorghum cultivars, the effect of environments on grain nutritional composition and other quality traits should be considered to match the user's purpose.
The ASXL1 mutation p.Gly646Trpfs*12 found in a Turkish boy with Bohring‐Opitz Syndrome
Authors: Urreizti Roser , Gürsoy Semra , Castilla‐Vallmanya Laura , Cunill Guillem , Rabionet Raquel , Erçal Derya , Grinberg Daniel , Balcells Susana 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn line with a recent study showing that ASXL1 mutations found in the common population cannot be ruled out as pathogenic, we have identified the ASXL1 p.Gly646Trpfs*12 mutation—present in 132 individuals in ExAC—as a very probable cause of the disease in a Bohring‐Opitz syndrome patient.
Sn4P3/SbSn Nanocomposites for Anode Application in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lan Danni , Li Quan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA facile one‐pot solvothermal method has been developed to synthesize Sn4P3/SbSn nanocomposites with a side‐by‐side configuration in individual nanoparticles. We show that introducing SbSn to Sn4P3 in such a configuration can improve the cyclic stability of the phase‐pure Sn4P3 electrode without sacrificing its practical capacity, although the theoretical capacity of SbSn is lower than that of Sn4P3. The nanocomposite anode delivers a highest capacity of 614.7 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and shows superior capacity retention to the phase pure Sn4P3, SbSn, or physical mixture of Sn4P3&SbSn based anodes after long cycles. The intact interface between the Sn4P3 and SbSn in the nanocomposite and their synergetic effect play important roles in enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode.
Rapid Production of trans‐Cyclooctenes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Blanco‐Ania Daniel , Maartense Luuk , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new method for rapid larger‐scale production of trans‐cyclooctenes (TCOs) in continuous flow was developed: Up to 2.2 g/h of specific TCOs can be produced by using this procedure. This method utilizes the classical photoisomerization of cis‐cyclooctenes (CCOs) for the synthesis of TCOs but substitutes the conventionally used silver nitrate impregnated silica gel column for a liquid−liquid extraction module. In addition, this method provides the possibility of external addition of a substrate to scale up and speed up the production of TCOs because the concentration of the CCO is kept constant. This method was applied for the synthesis of several commonly used TCOs.
Facile Formation of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide Films as High‐Performance Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Walter Carsten , Menezes Prashanth W. , Loos Stefan , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe development of inexpensive, earth abundant, and bioinspired oxygen evolution electrocatalysts that are easily accessible and scalable is a principal requirement with regard to the feasibility of water splitting for large‐scale chemical energy storage. A unique, versatile, and scalable approach has been developed to fabricate manganese oxide films from single layers to multilayers with a controlled thickness and high reproducibility. The produced MnOx films are composed of small nanostructures that are assembled closely in the form of porous sponge‐like layers. The films were investigated for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media and demonstrate a remarkable activity as well as a superior stability of over 60 h. To elucidate the catalytically active species, as well as the striking structural characteristics, the films were further examined in depth by using SEM, TEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as quasi in situ extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray absorption near edge structure analysis. The MnOx catalyst films excel because of a favorably high fraction of Mn3+ ions that are retained even after operation at oxidizing potentials. Upon exposure to oxidizing potentials in strongly alkaline aqueous electrolyte, the catalyst material maintains its structural integrity at the nanostructural, morphological, and atomic level.
Genetic and epigenetic changes during the invasion of a cosmopolitan species (Phragmites australis)
Authors: Liu Lele , Pei Cuiping , Liu Shuna , Guo Xiao , Du Ning , Guo Weihua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile many introduced invasive species can increase genetic diversity through multiple introductions and/or hybridization to colonize successfully in new environments, others with low genetic diversity have to persist by alternative mechanisms such as epigenetic variation. Given that Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan reed growing in a wide range of habitats and its invasion history, especially in North America, has been relatively well studied, it provides an ideal system for studying the role and relationship of genetic and epigenetic variation in biological invasions. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation‐sensitive (MS) AFLP methods to evaluate genetic and epigenetic diversity and structure in groups of the common reed across its range in the world. Evidence from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on AFLP and MS‐AFLP data supported the previous conclusion that the invasive introduced populations of P. australis in North America were from European and Mediterranean regions. In the Gulf Coast region, the introduced group harbored a high level of genetic variation relative to originating group from its native location, and it showed epigenetic diversity equal to that of the native group, if not higher, while the introduced group held lower genetic diversity than the native. In the Great Lakes region, the native group displayed very low genetic and epigenetic variation, and the introduced one showed slightly lower genetic and epigenetic diversity than the original one. Unexpectedly, AMOVA and principal component analysis did not demonstrate any epigenetic convergence between native and introduced groups before genetic convergence. Our results suggested that intertwined changes in genetic and epigenetic variation were involved in the invasion success in North America. Although our study did not provide strong evidence proving the importance of epigenetic variation prior to genetic, it implied the similar role of stable epigenetic diversity to genetic diversity in the adaptation of P. australis to local environment.
A high‐resolution approach for the spatiotemporal analysis of forest canopy space using terrestrial laser scanning data
Authors: Hess Carsten , Härdtle Werner , Kunz Matthias , Fichtner Andreas , von Oheimb Goddert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractForest canopies and tree crown structures are of high ecological importance. Measuring canopies and crowns by direct inventory methods is time‐consuming and of limited accuracy. High‐resolution inventory tools, in particular terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), is able to overcome these limitations and obtain three‐dimensional (3D) structural information about the canopy with a very high level of detail. The main objective of this study was to introduce a novel method to analyze spatiotemporal dynamics in canopy occupancy at the individual tree and local neighborhood level using high‐resolution 3D TLS data. For the analyses, a voxel grid approach was applied. The tree crowns were modeled through the combination of two approaches: the encasement of all crown points with a 3D α‐shape, which was then converted into a voxel grid, and the direct voxelization of the crown points. We show that canopy occupancy at individual tree level can be quantified as the crown volume occupied only by the respective tree or shared with neighboring trees. At the local neighborhood level, our method enables the precise determination of the extent of canopy space filling, the identification of tree–tree interactions, and the analysis of complementary space use. Using multitemporal TLS data recordings, this method allows the precise detection and quantification of changes in canopy occupancy through time. The method is applicable to a wide range of investigations in forest ecology research, including the study of tree diversity effects on forest productivity or growing space analyses for optimal tree growth. Due to the high accuracy of this novel method, it facilitates the precise analyses even of highly plastic individual tree crowns and, thus, the realistic representation of forest canopies. Moreover, our voxel grid framework is flexible enough to allow for the inclusion of further biotic and abiotic variables relevant to complex analyses of forest canopy dynamics.
Behavioral evolution accompanying host shifts in cactophilic Drosophila larvae
Authors: Coleman Joshua M. , Benowitz Kyle M. , Jost Alexandra G. , Matzkin Luciano M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor plant utilizing insects, the shift to a novel host is generally accompanied by a complex set of phenotypic adaptations. Many such adaptations arise in response to differences in plant chemistry, competitive environment, or abiotic conditions. One less well‐understood factor in the evolution of phytophagous insects is the selective environment provided by plant shape and volume. Does the physical structure of a new plant host favor certain phenotypes? Here, we use cactophilic Drosophila, which have colonized the necrotic tissues of cacti with dramatically different shapes and volumes, to examine this question. Specifically, we analyzed two behavioral traits in larvae, pupation height, and activity that we predicted might be related to the ability to utilize variably shaped hosts. We found that populations of D. mojavensis living on lengthy columnar or barrel cactus hosts have greater activity and pupate higher in a laboratory environment than populations living on small and flat prickly pear cactus cladodes. Crosses between the most phenotypically extreme populations suggest that the genetic architectures of these behaviors are distinct. A comparison of activity in additional cactophilic species that are specialized on small and large cactus hosts shows a consistent trend. Thus, we suggest that greater motility and an associated tendency to pupate higher in the laboratory are potential larval adaptations for life on a large plant where space is more abundant and resources may be more sparsely distributed.
Incomplete lineage sorting impacts the inference of macroevolutionary regimes from molecular phylogenies when concatenation is employed: An analysis based on Cetacea
Authors: Pereira Anieli G. , Schrago Carlos G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInterest in methods that estimate speciation and extinction rates from molecular phylogenies has increased over the last decade. The application of such methods requires reliable estimates of tree topology and node ages, which are frequently obtained using standard phylogenetic inference combining concatenated loci and molecular dating. However, this practice disregards population‐level processes that generate gene tree/species tree discordance. We evaluated the impact of employing concatenation and coalescent‐based phylogeny inference in recovering the correct macroevolutionary regime using simulated data based on the well‐established diversification rate shift of delphinids in Cetacea. We found that under scenarios of strong incomplete lineage sorting, macroevolutionary analysis of phylogenies inferred by concatenating loci failed to recover the delphinid diversification shift, while the coalescent‐based tree consistently retrieved the correct rate regime. We suggest that ignoring microevolutionary processes reduces the power of methods that estimate macroevolutionary regimes from molecular data.