bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modelling of an experimental‐analytical method for friction coefficient determination in deep drawing
Authors: Lela B. , Krolo J. , Mirić T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to determine the friction coefficient μ and maximum drawing force in deep drawing process of aluminum alloy EN AW 1050 utilizing strip drawing method. Influence and interaction between lubrication condition, blank holder force and strip surface roughness on maximum drawing force and friction coefficient are investigated. Response surface methodology and D‐Optimal design are utilized in order to create an experimental plan. According to the design, 23 strip drawings experiments are performed and statistical analysis was done. The regression and variance analysis results with 18 significant mathematical models which are derived in order to describe influence of mentioned parameters on friction coefficient and maximum drawing force. Results are discussed according to previous research. Finally, the optimization of processing parameters is performed aiming for lower friction coefficient and maximal drawing force.
Effect of ageing temperature on reverse austenite content in AISI 630 stainless steel
Authors: Burja J. , Šuler B. , Nagode A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe alloy AISI 630 (ASTM A564‐89 17‐4 PH) is a precipitation hardening stainless steel with good mechanical and corrosion properties. Mechanical properties strongly depend on the microstructure. Namely, the formation of the reversed austenite and coarsening of copper rich precipitates cause a substantial drop of hardness. Thus, the evolution of the microstructure during ageing was thoroughly investigated in order to explain the processes that have effect on formation of the reversed autenite. The reaustenitization was analyzed with a dilatometer, while the coarsening of copper rich precipitates was observed by transmission electron microscope. The amount of austenite was measured with x‐ray diffraction and the impact of austenite on the fracture appearance transition temperature was observed. It was found that the amount of the so called reverse austenite does not only depend on the amount of transformed austenite but also on its chemistry, as it dictates its ability to transform into martensite during cooling.
Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide corrosion under flow conditions in an elbow
Authors: Chen J. , Wang X. , Wang Y. , Huang H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based method combined with water chemistry and electrochemical reaction calculation is developed to investigate the effect of fluid flow on carbon dioxide corrosion in an elbow. The mass transfer of reactants and products influenced by flow during corrosion is revealed visually by distribution of main species concentration. The results show that the distributions of main species concentration and corrosion rate on the bare steel surface are in good accordance with the distribution of flow velocity. The maximum corrosion rate appears at the entrance on inner side wall of the elbow, and the corrosion rate decreases along the flow direction. Near the exit of the elbow, the secondary flow arises and enhances the mass transfer as well as the corrosion rate. According to the saturation value, the iron carbonate is more likely to precipitate at the inner side wall near the exit of the elbow. The model is validated by the good agreement between simulation results and published experimental data in prediction of hazardous corrosion region and the regional corrosion rate of the elbow.
Effect of electromagnetic stirring and solution treatment on microstructure and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Bian J.C. , Yu B.Y. , Zheng L. , Wang B. , Shi W.J. , Guo C.F. , Wang S.C. , Li R.X. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEffect of electromagnetic stirring and solution treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are investigated in this study. Results show that the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are substantially increased after electromagnetic stirring and solution treatment. The tensile strength and elongation are 178 MPa and 19.6 % for AZ31 alloy prepared by electromagnetic stirring after solution treatment. A large number of twins and low angle boundaries are observed in the specimen after heat treatment, since the compressive stress on (
) crystal plane become larger during quenching. The dislocation arrays, which produced by slip or climbing of dislocations, join together to form low angle boundaries.
To feel emotional concern: A qualitative interview study to explore telephone nurses’ experiences of difficult calls
Authors: Eriksson Irene , Ek Kristina , Jansson Sofie , Sjöström Ulrika , Larsson Margaretha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo describe telenurses’ experiences of difficult calls.DesignA qualitative approach with a descriptive design was used to gain a deeper understanding of the telenurses’ experiences.MethodsThe data were collected in spring 2017 through semi‐structured interviews with 19 telenurses at call centres and primary healthcare centres and were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsBecoming emotionally concerned is central to the telenurse’s experiences of difficult calls. Difficult calls are accompanied by feelings such as inadequacy, uncertainty and anxiety, which can be described as emotional tension. Emotional tension refers to situations when the caller’s expressed emotions were conveyed to the telenurses and altered their state of mind. The telenurses stated that difficult calls that cause them to become anxious remain in their thoughts and go through their minds repeatedly, making a deep impression.
Time‐delayed photo‐induced depolymerization of poly(phthalaldehyde) self‐immolative polymer via in situ formation of weak conjugate acid
Authors: Jiang Jisu , Phillips Oluwadamilola , Engler Anthony , Vong Man Hou , Kohl Paul A. 
Published: April 2019

Poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA) can be used as a structural material in transient devices and photo‐catalytically depolymerized at the end of device life by the use of a photo‐acid generator (PAG). However, device degradation requires the presence of a radiation source at the end of device mission. It has been found that the onset of PPHA depolymerization after PAG photo‐exposure can be delayed by incorporation of a particular weak bases in the PPHA/PAG mixture. This method of delayed PPHA depolymerization allows for PAG activation prior to or during device deployment when the device is under full user control. The basicity of specific lactams and amides was found to slow the PPHA depolymerization, giving the transient device a longer but finite mission lifetime. The weak base reacts with the photo‐generated strong acid to form a weak conjugate acid, which reacts more slowly with PPHA to extend the onset of PPHA depolymerization. The addition of a molar excess of specific lactams or amides, with respect to PAG, maintains PPHA stability and mechanical properties for more than 80 minutes after photo‐exposure at room temperature. The amide or lactam mediated acid activation of PPHA follows first‐order kinetics. The time delay of PPHA depolymerization can allow for prelaunch photo‐exposure and eliminates the need for postmission photo‐exposure where reliable light‐sources may not be available.
Health literacy and knowledge of chronic transfusion therapy in adolescents with sickle cell disease and caregivers
Authors: Yee Marianne E. McPherson , Meyer Erin K. , Fasano Ross M. , Lane Peter A. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Brega Angela G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may require chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) for prevention of stroke or other complications. Limited health literacy (HL) is common and is associated with poor health‐related knowledge and outcomes in chronic disease. We sought to assess HL and transfusion knowledge in patients with SCD on CTT and their caregivers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of patients was conducted in outpatient hematology clinics. Forty‐five pairs of adolescent patients and caregivers and 20 caregivers of pre‐adolescent patients completed the Newest Vital Sign HL assessment and answered questions assessing SCD and transfusion knowledge. Community‐level median income and unemployment rates were estimated from Census data. We computed the correlation of HL with knowledge and compared each to Census variables, payor status, educational attainment, and stroke.ResultsHL was inadequate in 22 (34%) caregivers and 31 (69%) adolescents. Adequate caregiver HL was associated with higher educational attainment but not community‐level socioeconomics or payor status. Mean knowledge score was lower in adolescents than in caregivers and correlated with age in adolescents (r = 0.42, P = .004). HL correlated with knowledge (r = 0.46, P < .0001). There were no significant correlations of HL or knowledge between adolescents and their caregivers. Neither HL nor knowledge was associated with prior stroke. The greatest knowledge was demonstrated for iron overload and SCD genotype, whereas knowledge gaps existed in alloimmunization, indication for CTT, and SCD curative therapy.ConclusionsEnhanced educational resources in transfusion therapy, alloimmunization, and curative therapy are needed for patients with SCD and caregivers of all HL levels.
Cell‐free DNA next‐generation sequencing successfully detects infectious pathogens in pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients at risk for invasive fungal disease
Authors: Armstrong Amy E. , Rossoff Jenna , Hollemon Desiree , Hong David K. , Muller William J. , Chaudhury Sonali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine if next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of microbial cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma would detect pathogens in pediatric patients at risk for invasive fungal disease (IFD).ProceduresPediatric hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant patients deemed at risk for new IFD had blood samples drawn at three time‐points separated by 1‐month intervals. The primary outcome measure was detection of fungal pathogens compared to standard clinical testing. Secondary outcomes included identification of other infectious pathogens, relationship to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) guidelines, and assessment of antifungal therapy.ResultsNGS identified fungal pathogens in seven of 40 at‐risk patients for IFD and results were identical in four of six proven cases, including Aspergillus fumigatus by lung biopsy, Candida albicans by blood or pancreatic pseudocyst cultures, and Rhizopus delemar by skin biopsy. Rhizopus oryzae identified on skin biopsy and A. fumigatus isolated on day 27 of 28 of culture from lung biopsy were not detected by cfDNA NGS, possibly due to lack of bloodstream penetration and questionable pathogenicity, respectively. Numerous DNA viruses were detected in patients with prolonged febrile neutropenia or abnormal imaging. Extended antifungal therapy was used in 73% of patients. Follow‐up cfDNA sequencing in patients who were positive at enrollment was negative at 1 and 2 months.ConclusionscfDNA NGS detected fungal pathogens from blood confirming its potential to guide treatment decisions in pediatric patients at risk for IFD and limit excessive empiric antifungal use. Future studies are needed to better understand the sensitivity and specificity of this approach.
Greater number of perceived barriers to hydroxyurea associated with poorer health‐related quality of life in youth with sickle cell disease
Authors: Smaldone Arlene , Manwani Deepa , Green Nancy S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite medical benefits, hydroxyurea adherence in adolescents is often poor. As part of a baseline assessment of 28 youth (10–18 years) parent dyads who participated in a 6‐month feasibility trial to improve hydroxyurea adherence, we measured the relationship between greater barriers to adherence and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) from youth and parent perspectives.ProcedureBarriers were measured using the Adolescent and Parent Medication Barriers Scales with nine hydroxyurea items added. Barriers reported by ≥25% of the sample were considered common. Generic and disease‐specific HRQL were measured by PedsQL and PedsQL Sickle Cell Disease modules. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha, Spearman correlation coefficients, and paired t tests.ResultsFifty‐six subjects (28 dyads) participated. Youth reported greater barriers compared with parents (5.0 ± 3.9 and 3.5 ± 3.2; P = 0.03), with >80% of respondents reporting ≥1 barriers. Twelve barriers were reported by ≥25% of adolescents, whereas six were reported by ≥25% of parents. Of these, only two were common to both dyad members. Approximately one‐third of youth had generic and disease‐specific HRQL scores that fell at or below cutoff scores, suggesting being at risk for impaired HRQL. Greater barriers were inversely associated with poorer generic (parent r = −0.43, P = 0.03; youth r = −0.44, P < 0.001) and disease‐specific HRQL (parent r = −0.53, P = 0.005; youth r = −0.53, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHydroxyurea barriers were frequently reported but differed by dyad members’ perspective. Greater barriers were associated with poorer generic and disease‐specific HRQL. To reduce barriers to hydroxyurea in youth with sickle cell disease, perspectives of both dyad members should be addressed.
Environmentally Stable Polymer Gels with Super Deformability and High Recoverability Enhanced by Sub‐5 nm Particles in the Nonvolatile Solvent
Authors: Wang Qiao , Li Lefan , Li Zongjin , Guo Siyao , Sun Guoxing 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIt remains challenging to satisfy the combined performances for hydrogels with excellent mechanical behavior, high deformability, and super recoverability under harsh environmental conditions. In this study, we first established a strong polymer network via the crosslinking of polymer chains on the surfaces of sub‐5‐nm calcium hydroxide nanospherulites in ethylene glycol solvent. The organic gel expressed excellent mechanical properties such as a recoverable compressive engineering stress of 249 MPa and an elongation stress of 402 KPa, which was attributed to the uniform nanosized crosslinking structure as characterized by SEM. Moreover, the nonvolatile solvent remained in the gel, meaning that the sample can resist a wide temperature range of −56 to 100 °C without losing the elastic properties. This novel organic gel could provide promising routes to develop the ideal elastic carriers for wearable devices, smart skin sensors, and damping materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 713–721
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of (E)‐Methyl 2‐(2‐((1‐cyano‐2‐hydrocarbylidenehydrazinyl)methyl)phenyl)‐2‐(methoxyimino)acetates
Authors: Jia Changqing , Yuan Xiaoyong , Liu Xuelian , Zhang Li , Xiao Yumei , Fu Bin , Li Jia‐Qi , Qin Zhaohai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDStrobilurin fungicides are some of the most potent and successful agrochemicals. However, continued use of traditional strobilurins has led to the emergence of fungicide‐resistant biotypes. Thus, a supply of new strobilurin fungicides is highly valuable. In this study, a series of novel methoxyacrylate analogs containing a cyano‐substituted hydrazine moiety as the side chain was synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐plant pathogenic activities.RESULTSCompounds 2‐04, 2‐05, 2‐07 and 2‐14 exhibited a relatively broad range of fungicidal activity. Compounds 2‐04, 2‐13 and 2‐14 exhibited good fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with median effective concentrations (EC50) of 3.84, 3.50 and 3.80 μg mL−1, respectively. Most of these compounds showed excellent inhibition of spore germination in Magnaporthe grisea at 25 μg mL−1. Moreover, in an in vivo test, compounds 2‐02, 2‐04, 2‐07 and 2‐13 exhibited potent fungicidal activities against the tested plant diseases at 400 μg mL−1. Notably, compound 2‐07 showed comparable or better activity than the commercially positive controls, azoxystrobin and procloraz, against powdery mildew of cucumber and rice blast fungus in the field trails at the same application dosages.CONCLUSONThis study indicated that methoxyacrylate analogs containing a cyano‐substituted hydrazone side chain can serve as potential fungicidal candidates for crop protection. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Laboratory and field evaluation of the aphidicidal activity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaf extract and identification of the active components
Authors: Gao Quan , Shi Yanhong , Liao Min , Xiao Jinjing , Li Xiuxia , Zhou Lijun , Liu Chengwu , Liu Peng , Cao Haiqun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotanical pesticides increasingly play important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the aphidicidal effect of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) extract against mustard aphid was confirmed, the main active compounds identified, and aphidicidal mechanism of the most active compound established.RESULTSWhen the treatment concentration was 10.0 g L−1, the corrected mortality of bamboo leaf extract (BE) was 53.22 ± 5.20% and the petroleum ether component of bamboo leaf extract (PE) reached 82.76 ± 4.50%, which also showed a synergistic effect with imidacloprid. Four flavonoids were identified as the main active components in the BE via activity tracking and phytochemical method. Isoorientin had an LC50of 313.22 mg L−1, and affected the activities of acetylcholinesterase and peroxidase significantly, revealing the possible aphidicidal mechanism. When the treatment of 11.1% PE·imidacloprid was 200 mL, the control effect was 99.07%, which was better than that observed with 10% of imidacloprid or 0.5% of matrine.CONCLUSIONSThese data provide a better understanding of the aphidicidal activity and aphidicidal mechanism of moso bamboo leaf extract and the most active compound, isoorientin. This will help in developing a more effective botanical aphicide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Azhdari Maryam , Karandish Majid , Mansoori Anahita 
Published: April 2019

The finding of studies on the effect of curcumin extract on metabolic factor in patients with metabolic syndrome has had arguable results. This systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) aimed to analyze the effect of curcumin/turmeric on metabolic factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. The PICO strategy was used to establish the guiding question of this review. Several databases for RCT were searched until September 2018. Of the 144 articles initially identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. A random‐effects model with a mean weight difference (WMD) and a 95% confidence interval was performed for quantitative data synthesis. Pooled estimates of WMD were calculated between intervention and control groups using random‐effects model in the presence of high level of heterogeneity between the studies. The results showed significant improvement of fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) levels. Curcumin was not associated with a significant change in waist circumference measurement (p = 0.6) and systolic blood pressure level (p = 0.269). Curcumin supplementation improves some components of metabolic syndrome.
Laser‐Ignited Relay‐Domino‐Like Reactions in Graphene Oxide/CL‐20 Films for High‐Temperature Pulse Preparation of Bi‐Layered Photothermal Membranes
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Huang Bing , Li Rui , Zhang Hong‐ping , Qin Wenzhi , Qiao Zhiqiang , Liu Yousong , Yang Guangcheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLight‐ignited combustions have been proposed for a variety of industrial and scientific applications. They suffer, however, from ultrahigh light ignition thresholds and poor self‐propagating combustion of typical high‐energy density materials, e.g., 2,4,6,8,10,12‐(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane (CL‐20). Here, reported is that both light ignition and combustion performance of CL‐20 are greatly enhanced by embedding ε‐CL‐20 particles in a graphene oxide (GO) matrix. The GO matrix yields a drastic temperature rise that is sufficient to trigger the combustion of GO/CL‐20 under low laser irradiation (35.6 mJ) with only 6 wt% of GO. The domino‐like reduction‐combustion of the GO matrix can serve as a relay and deliver the decomposition‐combustion of CL‐20 to its neighbor sites, forming a relay‐domino‐like reaction. In particular, a synergistic reaction between GO and CL‐20 occurrs, facilitating more energy release of the GO/CL‐20 composite. The novel relay‐domino‐like reaction coupled with the synergistic reaction of CL‐20 and GO results in a deflagration of the material, which generates a high‐temperature pulse (HTP) that can be guided to produce advanced functional materials. As a proof of concept, a bi‐layered photothermal membrane is prepared by HTP treatment in an extremely simple and fast way, which can serve as a model architecture for efficient interfacial water evaporation.
Ultrathin, Core–Shell Structured SiO2 Coated Mn2+‐Doped Perovskite Quantum Dots for Bright White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tang Xiaosheng , Chen Weiwei , Liu Zhengzheng , Du Juan , Yao Zhiqiang , Huang Yi , Chen Cheng , Yang Zhaoqi , Shi Tongchao , Hu Wei , Zang Zhigang , Chen Yu , Leng Yuxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic semiconductor perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with outstanding optoelectronic properties have already been extensively investigated and implemented in various applications. However, great challenges exist for the fabrication of nanodevices including toxicity, fast anion‐exchange reactions, and unsatisfactory stability. Here, the ultrathin, core–shell structured SiO2 coated Mn2+ doped CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl) QDs are prepared via one facile reverse microemulsion method at room temperature. By incorporation of a multibranched capping ligand of trioctylphosphine oxide, it is found that the breakage of the CsPbMnX3 core QDs contributed from the hydrolysis of silane could be effectively blocked. The thickness of silica shell can be well‐controlled within 2 nm, which gives the CsPbMnX3@SiO2 QDs a high quantum yield of 50.5% and improves thermostability and water resistance. Moreover, the mixture of CsPbBr3 QDs with green emission and CsPbMnX3@SiO2 QDs with yellow emission presents no ion exchange effect and provides white light emission. As a result, a white light‐emitting diode (LED) is successfully prepared by the combination of a blue on‐chip LED device and the above perovskite mixture. The as‐prepared white LED displays a high luminous efficiency of 68.4 lm W−1 and a high color‐rendering index of Ra = 91, demonstrating their broad future applications in solid‐state lighting fields.