bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Erythropoietin from Kidneys of Hypoxic and Phenylhydrazine-Treated Rats
Authors: CONTRERA JOSEPH F. , CAMISCOLI JAMES F. , WEINTRAUB ARTHUR H. , GORDON ALBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Significant amounts of ESF have been extracted from kidneys of anemic and hypoxic rats by the use of hypotonic phosphate buffer at pH 6.8.
2. A minimum of 50 per cent of the ESF extracted from the kidneys was not due to activity contained in the trapped residual plasma.
3. Bioassay of sheep and rat plasma ESF and the kidney extracts by the radioiron-polycythemic mouse method indicated that the above preparations were parallel in their log-dose regressions, suggesting that these substances are similar in physiologic behavior.
Platelet Levels in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Carter R. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet levels in 57 patients with infectious mononucleosis are recorded. Approximately 50 per cent of cases show some degree of thrombocytopenia during the first 4 weeks of the disease. Possible mechanisms for the change are reviewed and other acute infections complicated by thrombocytopenia briefly discussed.
Hemoglobin Hope: A Beta Chain Variant
Authors: MINNICH VIRGINIA , HILL ROBERT J. , KHURI PHILIP D. , ANDERSON MARY E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new hemoglobin, hemoglobin Hope, with a beta chain abnormality has been found in three generations of a St. Louis Negro family. The abnormal hemoglobin in the heterozygous state caused neither clinical stigmata nor abnormality in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin Hope was detected by agar gel electrophoresis at pH 6.2, but could not be differentiated from hemoglobin A by starch block electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Also, it could not be separated from hemoglobin A by paper, or starch gel electrophoresis employing a range of buffers from pH 6.2 to 8.6. Amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid was substituted for glycine at position 136 of the beta chain. Hemoglobin Hope may be formulated as α2Aβ2136 gly-asp.
Rapid Charcoal Assay for Intrinsic Factor (IF), Gastric Juice Unsaturated B12 Binding Capacity, Antibody to IF, and Serum Unsaturated B12 Binding Capacity
Authors: GOTTLIEB CHESTER , LAU KAM-SENG , WASSERMAN LOUIS R. , HERBERT VICTOR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The principle of the dialysis assays for intrinsic factor (IF) and antibody to IF was integrated with the demonstration that protein-coated charcoal adsorbs only free and not bound B12, in a single rapid method for 4 separate assays: (1) assay of IF, (2) assay of gastric juice unsaturated B12 binding capacity, (3) assay of serum antibodies to IF and (4) assay of serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity. The method is sensitive, accurate, reproducible, and can easily be completed within an hour. The simplicity and ready availability of reagents and equipment lends itself to ready adoption in any clinical laboratory using radioisotopes.
The charcoal particle is considered as a solid microsponge, and its coat of albumin, other protein, carbohydrate, or other large molecule as a molecular sieve surrounding the sponge. The whole constitutes a system of "instant dialysis," with a wide range of applications in the separation of large from small molecules.
Heinz Body Anemia—An Ultrastructural Study. I. Heinz Body Formation
Authors: RIFKIND RICHARD A. , DANON DAVID 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ultrastructural changes in red blood cells exposed to phenylhydrazine, either in vivo or in vitro, are described. There is an age-dependent gradient of red cell sensitivity to this drug which includes the more mature reticulocytes as well as the population of circulating erythrocytes. Oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin and the formation of Heinz bodies, which constitute the major drug-induced lesion, are accompanied by a regular sequence of structural changes commencing in the central cytoplasm of erythrocytes and the drug-sensitive reticulocytes. These early changes often appear in close associaion with clusters of mitochondria. The initial morphologic lesion has an apparently crystalline structure and the significance of this stage is discussed. Heinz bodies grow by coalescence and condensation and finally come to lie just beneath the cell surface. Here they result in considerable distortion of cell shape and deformation of the plasma membrane. Thus, phenylhydrazine administration produces in red blood cells extensive ultrastructural alterations both in hemoglobin and in the cell membrane which may have considerable bearing on the fate of these cells in the circulation.
Renal Mechanism for Excretion of Porphyrin Precursors in Patients with Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Chronic Lead Poisoning
Authors: DRUYAN ROBERT , HAEGER-ARONSEN BIRGITTA , VON STUDNITZ WILFRIED , WALDENSTRÖM JAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serum concentrations of ALA and PBG have been measured in normal subjects, patients with AIP, and lead workers. Both porphyrin precursors are significantly increased in serum from porphyric patients, and serum ALA is elevated in lead workers. Endogenous clearance measurements, when compared with creatinine clearances, are consistent with significant tubular reabsorption of ALA and PBG under physiologic circumstances, and with an "overflow" mechanism for increased excretion in AIP or lead intoxication. Three of 8 porphyric patients showed an aminoaciduria; tyrosine was involved in 2, tryptophan in the other 3. Evidence to suggest a specific renal defect contributing to increased ALA excretion in chronic lead intoxication was not obtained.
A Case of Prolonged Thrombocytopenia in Childhood Terminating in Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: GALLOWAY COLIN A. S. , INNES ELIZABETH M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The case history is reported of a 2-year-old boy who presented with persistent thrombocytopenia, developed a leukoerythroblastic blood picture at 7½ years and died at 9 years of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. His mother died of acute lymphatic leukemia shortly after the birth, and some of the hereditary aspects of leukemia are discussed. It is suggested that the thrombocytopenia represented a preleukemic state, of unusually long duration, and that this and the leukemic reticuloendotheliosis were different phases of the same basic disorder. The surmise is made that heredity may play a part in the etiology of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis in childhood, a period of life when this disorder is very rare.
Circulating Megakaryocytes and Platelet Release in the Lung
Authors: KAUFMAN RICHARD M. , AIRO ROMANO , POLLACK SIMEON , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Megakaryocytes were demonstrated in central venous blood of each of 23 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Cell counts ranged from 0.7 to 5.9 megakaryocytes per ml. of blood; the equivalent of one-third of these cells were considered to contain a full complement of cytoplasm. It has become evident that megakaryocytes are normal constituents of blood.
2. In an attempt to quantify megakaryocyte migration from the bone marrow it was calculated that from 20-50 per cent of the mature megakaryocyte population enters the blood and ultimately reaches the lungs. The possibility that all megakaryocytes migrate from the marrow is not precluded with certainty by these studies.
3. It was estimated that from 7-17 per cent of the body’s platelets are released in the pulmonary capillaries. If all megakaryocytes migrate from the bone marrow, then as much as 33 per cent of the platelet population is delivered to the blood in the lungs.
Prolonged Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia after One Course of Busulfan
Authors: DJALDETTI MEIR , PADEH BARUCH , PINKHAS JACK , DE VRIES ANDRE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in whom a clinical and hematologic remission of nearly 7 years duration occurred after a single short course of busulfan is described. The only abnormal finding during the remission was a negative alkaline phosphatase reaction in her leukocytes. Chromosomal studies prior to relapse revealed a normal karyotype, and no Philadelphia chromosome was found. During relapse renewed chromosomal study revealed Philadelphia chromosome in metaphases of peripheral blood leukocytes.
The Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids by the Formed Elements of Human Blood
Authors: ROSENZWEIG ARNOLD , WAYS PETER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In vitro, human erythrocytes free of contaminating white cells and platelets do not oxidize fatty acid in the surrounding medium, either bound to albumin or supplied in buffer as the potassium salt. These results are not influenced by glucose deficiency.
2. White cells and platelets are both capable of oxidizing fatty acid from the surrounding medium—supplied either as the potassium salt in buffer or bound to albumin. Increasing the albumin/fatty acid molar ratio results in a decrease in the quantity of fatty acid oxidized. The amount of fatty acid oxidized is greater if glucose is not added to the medium.
Brief Report: Two Bence Jones Proteins of Different Immunologic Types in the Same Patient with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: ENGLE RALPH L. , NACHMAN RALPH L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In summary, two Bence Jones proteins, one of type K and the other of type L immunologic specificity, and a serum myeloma protein of type L were demonstrated in the same patient with multiple myeloma. It is probable that, in this instance, dissemination from at least two clones of plasma cells has occurred.
The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Coagulation in Vivo
Authors: GIROLAMI ANTONIO , AGOSTINO DOMENICO , CLIFFTON EUGENE E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ellagic acid shortens the silicone and glass clotting times of the blood of dogs, cats, rabbits and rats. The silicone clotting time is reduced so as to make it almost equal to the normal glass clotting time for 5 to 30 minutes after the injection of the agent. There is occasional acceleration of thromboplastin generation in dogs. No other clotting factors were altered significantly in our experiments.
There were no obvious toxic effects of ellagic acid, and it appears to decrease bleeding in normal animals.
Brief Report: Erythropoiesis after Exchange Transfusion in Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: ERSLEV ALLAN J. , MCKENNA JOSEPH P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Exchange transfusion with preservation of a constant hemoglobin concentration in three patients with hereditary spherocytosis, and one patient with acquired hemolytic anemia did not result in any significant change in the rate of red cell production as measured by serum iron turnover and bone marrow examinations. These observations support the hypothesis that tissue hypoxia controls red cell production.
A Controlled Trial of Urethane Treatment in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: HOLLAND JAMES F. , HOSLEY HENRY , SCHARLAU CAROL , CARBONE PAUL P. , FREI EMIL , BRINDLEY CLYDE O. , HALL THOMAS C. , SHNIDER BRUCE I. , GOLD G. LENNARD , LASAGNA LOUIS , OWENS ALBERT H. , MILLER SHERWOOD P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma were stratified according to prior treatment and randomly assigned to coded urethane or placebo syrup administration. Urethane administration was of shorter duration than placebo treatment, but was associated, in patients who received 100 Gm. or more, with leukopenia in the last half of treatment courses. All recognizable beneficial effects were extracted from individual case histories and were found to be nearly equally distributed between the two treatments. Interpretation of the causes of clinical benefit was difficult but there was close temporal relationship to radiation, antibiotics for infection, or corticosteroid administration. Some clinical features and laboratory data of 36 patients with placebo-treated multiple myeloma are provided.
Urethane-treated patients died somewhat earlier on the average than those treated with placebo. This was ascribable in large part to accelerated mortality in urethane-treated patients who were azotemic.
When hemoglobin concentration, marrow plasma cell content, performance status and azotemia were used to construct a relative ranking prognostic index, among the two-thirds of patients with the worst indexes significantly shorter survival was associated with urethane treatment (p < .05). In the best prognostic class, no difference was observed in the survival of urethane- or placebo-treated patients.
Since urethane administration was in no way superior to placebo administration, and was characterized by shortened survival, its use in the doses and schedule employed in this study would appear ill advised.
Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Steady State Erythropoiesis Induced in Protein-Starved Rats by Long-Term Erythropoietin Injection
Authors: ITO KENJIRO , REISSMANN KURT R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Protein starvation nearly arrested erythropoiesis in rats, and the red cell mass decreased during a period of 32 days from 4.0 to 2.5 ml. Protein-starved rats, injected daily with 1.8 units of rabbit erythropoietin, had reticulocyte counts within the normal range, and their cell mass increased during the same period to 4.26 ml., as compared to 4.52 ml. in normal controls. Red cell indices, Price-Jones curve and osmotic fragility were normal on blood obtained from erythropoietin-treated groups. Differential counts on their erythroid marrow composition were not significantly different from those in normal rats. It is concluded therefore that daily injection of 1.8 units of rabbit erythropoietin induced, over a period of 32 days, a steady state erythropoiesis which, on the basis of the parameters studied, could not be distinguished from that in normal rats. No evidence of a shortened lifespan of cells formed in response to erythropoietin was found after either random (Cr51) or cohort (Fe59) labeling. Random labeled (Cr51) cells from untreated protein-starved rats had significantly shorter chromate survival times than cells from normal or erythropoietin-treated rats. The difference is attributed to the altered age distribution in their red cell population.
Döhle Bodies Associated with Uncomplicated Pregnancy
Authors: ABERNATHY MAX R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Döhle bodies have been described in the neutrophilic leukocytes of uncomplicated gravid women. Of 500 blood films screened from uncomplicated pregnancies, all but 9 exhibited Döhle bodies. Serial studies of 15 uncomplicated pregnancies, followed throughout all 3 trimesters and for 6 to 8 weeks postpartum, repeatedly showed Döhle bodies. No Döhle bodies were found in the leukocytes of the 500 normal nonpregnant women used as a control.
The appearance of Döhle bodies in uncomplicated pregnancy and their relationship with the inclusions found in various states are unexplained.
Lymphatic Drainage of Thymocytes to the Circulation in the Guinea Pig
Authors: KOTANI MASAHIKO , SEIKI KANJI , YAMASHITA AKIRA , HORII ISOO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An extensive network of lymphatic vessels coming from the thymus of the guinea pig and carrying thymocytes to the general circulation has been demonstrated.
2. Local accumulations or infiltrations of cells at the surface of the lobule or in the interlobular septa have been observed through which thymocytes appear to leave the thymus.
3. Irregular, tortuous canaliculi, resembling a lymph sinus in a lymph node, seem to play an important role in transporting thymocytes from these accumulations to the typical lymphatic vessels.
4. The output of thymocytes via lymphatic vessels to the general circulation is about 12.1 x 106 per day.
Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood in Humans: Effects upon Erythrocyte Survival
Authors: SCHIFFER LEWIS M. , ATKINS HAROLD L. , CHANANA ARJUN D. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , GREENBERG MICHAEL L. , JOHNSON HORTON A. , ROBERTSON JAMES S. , STRYCKMANS PIERRE A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autologous erythrocytes were irradiated at doses of 35,000 to 200,000 rads, chromated, and red cell survival studied. The 24-hour loss of labeled cells and subsequent apparent erythrocyte survival times were found to be functions of the radiation dose. ECIB-produced red cell hemolysis of a mild degree is to be expected during courses of therapy, as demonstrated by clinical findings. However, there is no doubt that acute, severe, hemolysis could be produced by administering large doses to patients over a short period of time.
Multiple Myeloma and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: KOSOVA LEONARD A. , SCHWARTZ STEVEN O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pregnancy of a patient with multiple myeloma and the subsequent uncomplicated delivery of a viable normal infant apparently is the first such case reported. The child is developing normally. The mother died almost 9 months after delivery. Serum electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic data are documented. The primary protein abnormality in the mother was the excessive production of a γA globulin.
Fe59 Absorption in Human Subjects Using Total-Body Counting Technic
Authors: POLLACK SIMEON , BALCERZAK STANLEY P. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In most procedures utilizing total body counting to measure iron absorption in humans, the assumption is made that iron located in the gastrointestinal tract is counted with the same efficiency as Fe59 distributed throughout the body. This assumption was found to be in error in a significant number of subjects.
The Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: A Possible Lysosomal Disease
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
All varieties of circulating white blood cells in patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome characteristically contain giant granules in their cytoplasm. The similarity of the massive particles to normal-sized leukocyte lysosomes has been previously recognized. In the present study the technics of ultrastructural histochemistry were used to demonstrate acid phosphatase activity in giant C.H. particles and their degenerating remnants in the leukocytes of two patients with the C.H. syndrome. The presence of an acid hydrolase in massive granules indicates that they are lysosomes. The selective localization of enzyme reaction product in large particles by this method, when small normal-appearing lysosomes in the same cells remained unstained, has suggested that the unit membranes surrounding C.H. granules are abnormally permeable. The increased permeability of the large particles may be related to the pathogenesis of morbid clinical features of C.H. syndrome.
Extraction of an Erythropoietin-Producing Factor from a Particulate Fraction of Rat Kidney
Authors: CONTRERA JOSEPH F. , GORDON ALBERT S. , WEINTRAUB ARTHUR H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A two-step method for the extraction of erythropoietin from hypoxic kidneys has been developed which allows residual plasma erythropoietin in renal vasculature to be separated from that of intracellular origin.
2. Renal extracts have been purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography and found to contain 2 major erythropoietically active fractions. One bears strong resemblance to plasma erythropoietin. The other component is unique in that it has practically no erythropoietic-stimulating activity unless previously incubated with normal rat serum. This activation phenomenon is used to identify this kidney component as the renal erythropoietic factor (REF). The REF has the capacity to produce erythropoietin or become erythropoietically active when incubated with normal rat serum.
3. Differential centrifugation technics revealed that the REF is confined to particles present in the light mitochondrial fraction of kidney.
4. Extracts of the light mitochondrial fraction of kidneys from normal rats produced significant amounts of erythropoietin when incubated with normal serum. The quantity found, however, was less than that evoked by similar extracts of kidneys from hypoxic rats.
5. The product of the incubation extracts of the renal light mitochondrial fraction with normal rat serum showed the same log dose/response regression as sheep plasma erythropoietin standard.
6. It is hypothesized that either (a) the REF is a precursor of erythropoietin which must be complexed with a carrier present in normal serum in order to become physiologically active, or (b) the renal factor is an enzyme which produces erythropoietin by its action on a particular serum protein.
Immunologic Aberrations in the Di Guglielmo Syndrome
Authors: FINKEL HARVEY E. , BRAUER MARK J. , TAUB ROBERT N. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Immunologic studies were performed in 49 patients with the Di Guglielmo syndrome. Although altered immune reactivity has not been previously thought to be a feature of myeloproliferative disorders, more than one-third of the cases showed immunologic aberrations. The abnormalities encountered included overproduction of antibody protein (hypergammaglobulinemia) and an increased tendency to form rheumatoid factor, LE factor (including one case with overt systemic lupus), positive serologic tests for syphilis, and erythrocyte autoantibodies and isoantibodies.
Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are considered. The underlying neoplastic process might directly involve the immunocytes, resulting in exaggerated and nonspecific responses, or in defective self-recognition and thus in the production of autoantibodies. Alternatively, preexisting but "hidden" antigens might be exposed by the proliferative disorder, thus stimulating an antibody response. Finally, and perhaps most likely, antigenic alteration of bone marrow tissue might accompany its neoplastic transformation. Such tissue could be recognized as "not-self" or "foreign" by a qualitatively normal immune system. This would result in the production of abnormal proteins, some of which would be immunologically effective.
Isolated Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 Causing Megaloblastic Anemia and Hyperpigmentation in a Nigerian
Authors: WATSON-WILLIAMS E. J. , FLEMING A. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Nigerian patient is described with megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. The deficiency resulted from malabsorption of the vitamin, but no other abnormal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract could be demonstrated. The patient did not have addisonian pernicious anemia. He had remarkable hyperpigmentation of the skin, especially of the palms of the hands. What is known of possible connections between megaloblastic anemias and melanin metabolism cannot explain this hyperpigmentation.
A Series of New Screening Procedures for Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, and Glutathione Reductase Deficiency
Authors: BEUTLER ERNEST , Halasz Agnes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BEUTLER, E.: A SERIES OF NEW SCREENING PROCEDURES FOR PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY, GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY. Blood 28:553-562, 1966.
In the October 1966 issue of Blood, on page 557 the concentration for GSSG was erroneously given as .003 M. The line under B. Reaction Mixture should read:
GSSG, .033M 0.1 ml.