bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Driven Development of a Behaviour-Based Student Classification System (SCS-B) for Enhanced Educational Analytics
Authors: P SUNDARAVADIVEL , E.S Vinoth kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In Educational Data Mining, Educational Data Extraction and analysis, as well as learning analytics, it is very significant to evaluate the student’s performance in various aspects for enhancing the educational standards. The growth of students and achievement gap are assumed as the key maters for several educational institutes and universities worldwide. Hence, the educational sectors invest importantly in things to know the good and poor performances of students in attaining better results. In this regard, several methodologies are derived for predicting the student performances for intimating the concern panel to intervene earlier to enhance the overall results. With that note, this paper involves in developing Behaviour based Student Classification System (SCS-B), using machine learning technique. The model collects the student data set based on some questionnaires, providing significant to certain features of student academics and behaviours. Initially, data pre-processing is done with singular value decomposition, performs outlier detection and dimensionality reduction. Following, training process is carried out with genetic algorithm for avoiding local minimum.The findings indicate that the classifier yields superior classification accuracy while requiring minimal processing time for handling extensive student data.
Prospects of Analog In-Memory Computing using Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Borg Mattias , Papadopoulos Christos , Guerin Alec , Athle Robin , Bastani Saeed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to disrupt the way businesses and civil society operate, but the large energy usage for training and running AI compute models remains a pressing concern in terms of its sustainability. Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) hardware based on memristor devices is a promising route to significant energy-savings. Among the various memristor technologies, Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (FTJs) hold considerable promise for large scale AIMC. Their performance prospects remain to be fully assessed; therefore, we here evaluate the viability of FTJ memristors as compute units for AIMC. Based on the behavior of experimental TiN/HfZrO4/W FTJs we define three operating modes which we apply to standard AI tests and two real-world use cases: Image segmentation (YOLOv8) and natural language processing (BERT). We find that the inherent mechanism behind the analog state in FTJs limits the usable dynamic range and thus enforces strict control of noise. The best overall performance is obtained by constricting the dynamic range further and using ultrashort programming pulses (0.5 ns); on BERT matching the performance of digital hardware. We also present a more accessible approach, combining three FTJs, two of which are operated as binary memories, to achieve similar performance while also relaxing the requirements on data converter precision and level of noise. All in all, we here outline benefits and intrinsic challenges of FTJ-based AIMC systems, providing a blueprint for future experimental implementations.
Single-Atom Zr Promoter Boosts Oxygen Activation on Ceria-Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Wang Yong , Huang Weixin , Xu Hao , Lin Shih-Wei , Pham Hien , Zhang Rui , Jiang Dong , Zhang Zihao , DeLaRiva Andrew , Feng Shuxuan , Li Yixiao , Zhang Xinrui , Datye Abhaya , Chen Chih-Jung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Activation of surface lattice oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen on catalyst surfaces constitutes a pivotal step in heterogeneous oxidative catalysis. Herein, we report a strategy for enhancing oxygen activation by rational design of catalysts with single-atom promoters. Single-site Zr species in CeO2 (Zr1-CeO2) are synthesized using the atom-trapping method. The Zr1-CeO2-supported Pt catalyst exhibits enhanced catalytic performance over the CeO2-supported Pt catalyst in the oxidation of CO, C3H8, and C3H6, achieving significantly lower T50 values (temperature required to reach 50% conversion). This enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the formation of an asymmetric Zr1-O-Ce structure, which favors the activation of the adjacent surface lattice oxygen and chemisorbed molecular oxygen. This work exemplifies that incorporating single-site atoms into oxide supports facilitates oxygen activation, providing new insights into the role of atomically dispersed promoters in heterogeneous catalysis.
Beyond Temperature: How the Heat Index 35 Shapes Environmental, Social, and Governance Standards
Authors: Drago Carlo , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the implications of high HI35 days, which increase the demand for water and energy supplies, overconsumption, and higher emissions induced by cooling demand. Socially, HI35 is associated with health morbidity and loss in labor productivity; hence, policies directed at protection of the well-being of the poor, such as improved access to health care and good working conditions, become increasingly relevant. Extreme heat, besides, accelerates resource competition that may further develop into a civil instability, which affects governance structures. The nation will be assisted in addressing the impacts brought forward by HI35 through resilient infrastructure policy, good governance practice, and sustainable resource management. This paper, therefore, concludes that integrated policy action in ESG will be urgently needed to address the risk from extreme heat and calls for adaptive strategies that move toward environmental sustainability, social equity, and effective governance. Finally, HI35 is helpful to guide policy responses against different and interwoven challenges of extreme heat on sustainable development.
JEL CODES: Q5, Q51, Q56, Q57, Q58.
Dose-Specific Modulation of MAPK Signaling by Bioactive Aromatic Extract of Onosma microcarpum During Distinct Phases of Wound Healing in a Rat Model
Authors: Shahrbabaki Ali Saberi , Amini Behnam , Ghorbani Mojtaba , Ghasemi Moein , khoushehmehr Sona M. , Rahmani Alireza , Azizi Hossein , Delnavazi Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Wound healing progresses through phases of homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, regulated by signaling pathways. The root extract of Onosma microcarpum (OM), traditionally used in Western Iran for wound care, contains bioactive compounds like alkannin, shikonin, and polyphenols, potentially enhancing healing. This study evaluates OM’s effect on signaling pathways in each healing phase.
Methods: Dried OM root was formulated into ointments, and male Wistar rats with excisional wounds were treated with OM (0.2% or 1%) or vehicle. Histological and gene expression analyses were conducted on days 3, 8, and 14, measuring inflammation, granulation, angiogenesis, and collagen formation. Cytokines (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), growth factors (Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)), and cell regulators (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)) were analyzed.
Results: OM at 0.2%, significantly modulated key pathways in wound healing. By day 3, OM reduced TNF-α (p = 0.003) and IL-1β (p = 0.008), decreasing inflammation and JNK activity (p = 0.009). On day 8, OM further reduced IL-6 (p = 0.002) and p38 MAPK (p = 0.005) while increasing TGF-β1 (p = 0.008) and PDGF (p = 0.001), promoting proliferation. By day 14, increased ERK (p = 0.008) and p38 MAPK (p = 0.002) activity facilitated tissue repair. Wounds treated with 0.2% OM showed better outcomes than 1%, with more organized collagen (score 3.0 ± 0.8 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4, p = 0.021), improved angiogenesis (3.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.7, p = 0.038), and higher wound closure (84 ± 7% vs. 64 ± 12%, p = 0.018).
Conclusion: OM enhances wound healing by targeting each phase: reducing early inflammation, promoting mid-phase fibroblast proliferation, and supporting collagen organization in remodeling. These targeted effects suggest OM’s therapeutic potential for wound repair.
Fire Smoke Elevated the Carbonaceous PM2.5 Concentration and Mortality Burden in the Contiguous U.S. and Southern Canada
Authors: Jin Zhihao , Ferrada Gonzalo A. , Zhang Danlu , Scovronick Noah , Fu Joshua S. , Chen Kai , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Despite emerging evidence on the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildland fire smoke, the specific effects of PM2.5 composition on health outcomes remain uncertain. We developed a three-level, chemical transport model-based framework to estimate daily full-coverage concentrations of smoke-derived carbonaceous PM2.5, specifically Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC), at a 1 km2 spatial resolution from 2002 to 2019 across the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) and Southern Canada (SC). Cross-validation demonstrated that the framework performed well at both the daily and monthly levels. Modeling results indicated that increases in wildland fire smoke have offset approximately one-third of the improvements in background air quality. In recent years, wildland fire smoke has become more frequent and carbonaceous PM2.5 concentrations have intensified, especially in the Western CONUS and Southwestern Canada. Smoke exposure is also occurring earlier throughout the year, leading to more population being exposed. We estimated that long-term exposure to fire smoke carbonaceous PM2.5 is responsible for 7,462 and 259 non-accidental deaths annually in the CONUS and SC, respectively, with associated annual monetized damage of 68.4 billion USD for the CONUS and 1.97 billion CAD for SC. The Southeastern CONUS, where prescribed fires are prevalent, contributed most to these health impacts and monetized damages. Given the challenges posed by climate change for managing prescribed and wildland fires, our findings offer critical insights to inform policy development and assess future health burdens associated with fire smoke exposure.
Dynamic Contextual Neural Architectures for Adaptive Token Prediction in Large Language Models
Authors: Margarita Yosef , Beaumont Nathaniel , Thompson Paul , Aldridge Robert , White Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The Dynamic Contextual Neural Architecture (DCNA) introduces a paradigm shift in language modeling through its adaptive mechanisms that align computational processes with the contextual complexities of input data. Empirical evaluations reveal that DCNA achieves a reduction in perplexity scores across diverse datasets, indicating enhanced predictive accuracy. Additionally, the model demonstrates decreased inference times and memory utilization, showing its computational efficiency. Notably, DCNA exhibits robustness to noisy inputs, maintaining consistent performance across varying noise levels, and showcases scalability across different hardware platforms, highlighting its versatility. These findings suggest that DCNA effectively addresses limitations inherent in traditional static models, offering a responsive and context-aware solution for advanced language processing tasks.
Advancing Parkinson’s Disease Biopathlogy and Drug Discovery by Dual Cellular Modeling
Authors: Chua PinFen , Lim William K. , Seruji Nurr Maria Ulfa , Lizazman Mas Atikah , Mian Vivien Jong Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurological disorder in the world. Its pathologic hallmarks are dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and alpha-synuclein accumulation in neurons. However the patho-biologic mechanisms are largely unknown. Current drugs cannot slow or halt disease progression while clinical trials are mostly unsuccessful. Hence better cellular models are needed for pathological and drug discovery studies prior to in vivo validation. PC12 cells are commonly used for neurotoxicity studies but the Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) variant has a faster doubling time and higher basal rate of neurite growth. We developed a NS-1 PD model with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and MTT cell viability assay as readout. We optimized 6-OHDA concentration to a uniquely low 10 µM for a closer approximation to in vivo neurotoxicity. NS-1 cells treated with 6-OHDA displayed hallmark dopamine loss and apoptotic cell death. We used the model to screen a series of xanthones - polyphenolic compounds found in many medicinal plants. We report a novel activity of thwaitesixanthone in the PD model. The model was validated using alpha-mangostin (a neuroprotectant in in vivo and in vitro PD models) which was the most active in restoring cell viability. Alpha-synuclein is now a therapeutic target for stopping PD progression. Human HEK293 cells have neuronal attributes and reported to express pathologic alpha-synuclein. We hypothesized the transfection-efficient HEK293T cells is an optimal cell line for monitoring human alpha-synuclein levels. We make the first report that 6-OHDA treatment increased pathologic alpha-synuclein expression in HEK293T cells. This alpha-synucleinopathy model was validated using alpha-mangostin which attenuated 6-OHDA-induced pathologic alpha-synuclein to baseline levels. Thus we developed a novel NS-1 PD model more representative of in vivo neurotoxicity complemented by a human HEK293T cell-based alpha-synucleinopathy model for tracking pathologic alpha-synuclein levels. We present these dual models for producing in vitro findings with increased likelihood of clinical translation.
How Patients With Cancer Use the Internet to Search for Health Information: Scenario-Based Think-Aloud Study
Authors: Huijgens Fiorella , Kwakman Pascale , Hillen Marij , van Weert Julia , Jaspers Monique , Smets Ellen , Linn Annemiek 
Published: November 2024

Background
Patients with cancer increasingly use the internet to seek health information. However, thus far, research treats web-based health information seeking (WHIS) behavior in a rather dichotomous manner (ie, approaching or avoiding) and fails to capture the dynamic nature and evolving motivations that patients experience when engaging in WHIS throughout their disease trajectory. Insights can be used to support effective patient-provider communication about WHIS and can lead to better designed web-based health platforms.

Objective
This study explored patterns of motivations and emotions behind the web-based information seeking of patients with cancer at various stages of their disease trajectory, as well as the cognitive and emotional responses evoked by WHIS via a scenario-based, think-aloud approach.

Methods
In total, 15 analog patients were recruited, representing patients with cancer, survivors, and informal caregivers. Imagining themselves in 3 scenarios—prediagnosis phase (5/15, 33%), treatment phase (5/15, 33%), and survivor phase (5/15, 33%)—patients were asked to search for web-based health information while being prompted to verbalize their thoughts. In total, 2 researchers independently coded the sessions, categorizing the codes into broader themes to comprehend analog patients’ experiences during WHIS.

Results
Overarching motives for WHIS included reducing uncertainty, seeking reassurance, and gaining empowerment. At the beginning of the disease trajectory, patients mainly showed cognitive needs, whereas this shifted more toward affective needs in the subsequent disease stages. Analog patients’ WHIS approaches varied from exploratory to focused or a combination of both. They adapted their search strategy when faced with challenging cognitive or emotional content. WHIS triggered diverse emotions, fluctuating throughout the search. Complex, confrontational, and unexpected information mainly induced negative emotions.

Conclusions
This study provides valuable insights into the motivations of patients with cancer underlying WHIS and the emotions experienced at various stages of the disease trajectory. Understanding patients’ search patterns is pivotal in optimizing web-based health platforms to cater to specific needs. In addition, these findings can guide clinicians in accommodating patients’ specific needs and directing patients toward reliable sources of web-based health information.
Effectiveness of combined pharmacological treatment in patients with lumbar discogenic pain in degenerative dystrophic diseases
Authors: Chervatiuk M.S. , Fishchenko I.V. 
Published: November 2024

Background. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of combined drug therapy in the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of treatment outcomes in 25 patients with an average age of 39.4 ± 8.3 years who were diagnosed with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, lumbago, lumbar discogenic pain and underwent a course of conservative treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and group B vitamins) and wore a corset. The study was conducted in the spine surgery clinic of the State Institution “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” from September 2023 to October 2024. The visual analog scale (cm), Oswestry Disability Index were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc.). The results were evaluated after 1 and 6 months. Results. A mode-rate effectiveness of a combination of NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and group B vitamins in the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain in the short term has been established. Long-term results after 6 months showed that 6 (24 %) patients had an exacerbation of the pain syndrome, 14 (56 %) — no changes, and only 3 (12 %) patients achieved a positive effect of pain treatment. The study of the subjective assessment of well-being demonstrated that the improvement was observed throughout the observation period, but was relatively low: the Oswestry Disability Index immediately after treatment was 36.16 ± 6.08 (regression by 14.4 %), in 1 month — 35.60 ± 7.59 (regression by 14.9 %) and in 6 months — 38.56 ± 7.90 (regression by 12 %). Conclusions. The use of a course of combined pharmacological treatment with NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and group B vitamins is effective in the treatment of back pain only in the short-term (up to 1 month) perspective.
Silver Nanoparticle as a Modern Era in Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: I Shaikh Imran , Shafi Dr Sameer , Kazi Anis , Sante Rohini , Jadhav Avinash , Mohini Gurav , Ritthe Punam 
Published: November 2024

In the modern era of antimicrobial research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising agents with unprecedented potential. This abstract encapsulates the multifaceted role of silver nanoparticles in combating microbial threats. AgNPs exhibit unique physicochemical properties that contribute to their antimicrobial efficacy, including a high surface area-to-volume ratio and distinct electronic and optical behaviours. These characteristics enable diverse antimicrobial mechanisms, such as disrupting cell membranes, interfering with cellular processes, and inducing oxidative stress. Moreover, the size-dependent activities of AgNPs enhance their specificity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The abstract delves into the diverse applications of silver nanoparticles in various fields, from healthcare to environmental protection. AgNPs have found utility in medical devices, wound dressings, and pharmaceutical formulations, showcasing their versatility in preventing and treating infections. Additionally, the abstract emphasizes the role of silver nanoparticles in water treatment and disinfection, underscoring their potential impact on public health. However, challenges such as cytotoxicity and environmental concerns warrant meticulous investigation and optimization in the design and application of AgNPs. The abstract concludes by acknowledging the imperative nature of ongoing research in unraveling the full potential of silver nanoparticles as a modern-era antimicrobial strategy, offering unprecedented solutions to combat the evolving challenges posed by microbial resistance in the contemporary world.
The Latest Advancements: A Comprehensive Review of Microballoons for Enhanced Gastroretention
Authors: Chavan Payal B. , Malpure Prashant S. , Talele Gokul S. , Kadam Abhishek R. 
Published: November 2024

Because of their potential to remain in the gastric region for extended periods of time, gastro-retentive drug delivery methods hold great promise in oral treatment. This improves medication solubility, resulting in increased bioavailability and decreased drug waste. To achieve gastro-retentive qualities, various ways have been proposed, with microballoons in the form of hollow microspheres being a commonly investigated possibility. These microballoons, which are hollow spherical particles with no central core and have a size of less than 200 micrometers, provide an excellent method of managing medication release with site-specific absorption. Floating microballoons release via gastro-retentive mechanisms, effectively increasing bioavailability and providing a viable remedy for stomach retention. Hollow microspheres with optimized properties have the potential to revolutionize new drug delivery, particularly for secure, targeted, and efficient in vivo delivery. They represent a promising approach to gastric retention, reducing variability in plasma drug concentrations. This review provides insights into recent advances in formulation methods, evaluation techniques, the use of polymers in microballoons, and their applications as gastro-retentive drug delivery systems with controlled release capabilities.
Environmental Toxins and Microplastics: An In-Depth Comparative Analysis of Subtle Health Hazards"
Authors: Ameya Lanjewar 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the combined toxicity of microplastics and heavy metals, with a focus on their impact on human health and the ecosystem. The research specifically explores the risks associated with ingesting microplastics containing elevated levels of heavy metals, examining their potential contribution to diseases such as cancer, reproductive disorders, neurological diseases, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory ailments, and diabetes.
An exhaustive literature review synthesizes existing evidence on the individual and synergistic effects of microplastics and heavy metals. This review includes studies on the absorption of heavy metals by microplastics and their influence on human health, particularly role in diseases such as cancer, reproductive disorders, neurological diseases, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory ailments, and diabetes. Microplastics may exacerbate heavy metal absorption into the bloodstream through damage to the gut lining.
Current research findings underscore the escalating concern for public health due to the combined toxicity of microplastics and heavy metals. Microplastics have been found to absorb heavy metals, potentially leading to elevated concentrations when ingested. Damage inflicted by microplastics on the gut lining may contribute to an increased risk of diseases, including cancer, reproductive disorders, neurological diseases, cardiovascular conditions, respiratory ailments, and diabetes.

The observed combined toxicity poses a serious and multifaceted threat to both human health and the ecosystem. Urgent action is imperative to mitigate exposure and implement sustainable practices. The existing evidence highlights the critical need for further research to comprehend the intricate risks associated with the interaction between microplastics and heavy metals, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this emerging public health concern, including its link to diabetes.