bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing trends of systemic antibiotics by periodontists in Australia
Authors: Ong Alex , Kim Junghyun , Loo Samuel , Quaranta Alessandro , Rincon A. Julio C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are a common systemic pharmaceutical therapy in periodontal conditions for dental practitioners as well as specialists. However, there is limited information about prescribing patterns amongst the periodontists within Australia. The objective of this study is to examine current patterns and perceptions in prescribing systemic antibiotics for the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.MethodsAn online questionnaire was disseminated to Australian practicing members of the Australia and New Zealand Academy of Periodontists (ANZAP) to determine their antibiotic prescribing patterns for different periodontal conditions. Indications that were analyzed included: chronic periodontitis, plaque‐induced gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis, acute gingival and periodontal conditions, conditions associated with implants and implant placement, periodontal regeneration, and mucogingival surgery.ResultsOut of the 50 members that participated in the study, 38 completed the questionnaire. Systemic antibiotics prescription patterns varied markedly for different periodontal or peri‐implant diseases among respondents. 79% reported prescription of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis whereas 52.6%, 55.3%, 18.4% of the respondents did so for periodontal regeneration procedures, implant placement surgery, and mucogingival surgery, respectively. Azithromycin, the combination of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole, and Amoxicillin were the three most commonly prescribed systemic antibiotics.ConclusionBased on the results of this survey, systemic antibiotics are widely used by the group of periodontists surveyed in this study in Australia with varying rates and patterns for different periodontal and peri‐implant conditions. The current study highlights the need for recommendations and guidelines in the prescription of antibiotics for periodontal and peri‐implant conditions.
Surgical palliation of biliary obstruction: Bypass in the era of drainage
Authors: Arshad Seyed Arshia , Phuoc Victor H 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnresectable pancreatico‐biliary cancers frequently cause biliary obstruction. Symptomatic management of biliary obstruction is most commonly accomplished with percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. When Nonsurgical means have been exhausted, effective surgical palliation may be performed by way of choledochojejunostomy.
The numbing effect of mortality salience in consumer settings
Authors: Goode Miranda R. , Iwasa‐Madge Dan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNationwide Insurance and Johnnie Walker Scotch aired advertisements that encouraged people to contemplate death. What are the immediate emotional and perceptual outcomes of such advertisements? With five studies, thinking about death was found to attenuate emotional reactions and perceptions, a novel finding in the literature. This attenuation was observed with neural and self‐report measures along with retrospective and prospective assessments of emotion and is an outcome not yet investigated in mortality salience research. Contemplating death dampened people's expectations of emotion in a future consumption experience and diminished the attractiveness of the experience. Similarly, contemplating death affected backward‐looking assessments of emotion, for example, when nostalgic memories are brought to mind. Importantly, this dampening effect of mortality salience was replicated with advertisements that portrayed death‐related concepts and attenuated emotional reactions to subsequent advertisements.
GAEC1 drives colon cancer progression
Authors: Lee Katherine Ting‐Wei , Vider Jelena , Tang Johnny Cheuk‐On , Gopalan Vinod , Lam Alfred King‐Yin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene amplified in esophageal cancer 1 (GAEC1) expression and copy number changes are frequently associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas. The current study aimed to identify the pathway and its transcriptional factors with which
GAEC1 interacts within colorectal cancer, to gain a better understanding of the mechanics by which this gene exercises its effect on colorectal cancer. Two colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW48 and SW480) and a nonneoplastic colon epithelial cell line (FHC) were transfected with
GAEC1 to assess the oncogenic potential of
GAEC1 overexpression. Multiple in vitro assays, including cell proliferation, wound healing, clonogenic, apoptosis, cell cycle, and extracellular flux, were performed. Western blot analysis was performed to identify potential gene‐interaction partners of
GAEC1 in vitro. Results showed that the overexpression of
GAEC1 significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenic potential (
P < 0.05) of colonic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore,
GAEC1 portrayed its ability to influence mitochondrial respiration changes. The observations were in tandem with a significant increase in the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B, forkhead box O3, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Thus,
GAEC1 has a role in regulating gene pathways, potentially in the Akt pathway. This could help in developing targeted therapies in the future.
Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Investigate the Mechanism of Lactulose in Negating the Effects of a High‐Salt Diet on Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhao Jiangtao , Tian Changyu , Chen Xiao , Li Huan , Wei Xiao , Lin Weishi , Zheng Naxin , Jiang Aimin , Feng Ruo , Yuan Jing , Zhao Xiangna 
Published: March 2019

ScopeHigh‐salt diets (HSDs) are widely considered to cause health problems such as gut microecological imbalances, constipation, and hypertension. This study explores how lactulose as a safe molecule can stimulate bodily responses to alleviate salt‐sensitive hypertension by regulating the gut microbiotas of HSD‐fed mice.Methods and resultsAfter 4 weeks, the blood pressures of mice fed a high‐salt plus lactulose diet (HSLD) are significantly lower than those of the HSD‐fed mice. The HSD increases the abundances of Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut, while lactulose supplementation increases the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Subdoligranulum. Fecal metabolic profiling shows significant increases in metabolites involved in ATP‐binding cassette transporter pathways, and tryptophan metabolism is significantly reduced in the HSLD group compared with the HSD group. Lactulose maintains the intestinal microenvironmental health in the HSD‐fed mice by improving glycolipid metabolism, decreasing the small intestinal interleukin‐17a (IL‐17a) and interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) mRNA levels and serum IL‐17a and IL‐22 levels, relieving constipation, increasing fecal sodium, and reducing intestinal permeability.ConclusionLactulose negates salt‐sensitive hypertension. Regulating the gut microbiota is a potential treatment for salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Assessment of Ketamine Adult Anesthetic Doses in Pediatrics Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations
Authors: Elkomy Mohammed H. , Alruwaili Nabil , Elmowafy Mohammed , Shalaby Khaled , Drover David R. , Ramamoorthy Chandra 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAlthough few studies have used ketamine for induction and maintenance of pediatric anesthesia, official dosage recommendations are lacking. This study evaluates the outcomes of adult anesthetic doses in a pediatric population through pharmacokinetic modeling and computer simulations in an attempt to recommend an adequate ketamine dosing regimen.MethodsKetamine plasma concentration‐time data in 19 children (age 8 months to 16 years; weight 5.5 to 67 kg) were analyzed according to a non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic approach. The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and demographic covariates was mathematically characterized. A one‐compartment open model was implemented to simulate the plasma profile following administration of 1–4.5 mg/kg IV bolus dose and 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/min continuous infusion of ketamine and to predict anesthesia onset and offset.Key ResultsPharmacokinetic parameters determined were clearance 0.025 ± 0.008 L/kg/min; distribution volume 3.3 ± 1.3 L/kg; half‐life 2.6 ± 1 h; and mean residence time 2.3 ± 0.64 h. Body weight was the best predictor of clearance and distribution volume according to a 0.75‐power model. Using weight to scale doses was associated with limited variability in simulated concentrations. Ketamine administered as 2.25 mg/kg IV bolus dose, followed by 0.1 mg/kg/min continuous IV infusion enables anesthesia initiation within 3 minutes and maintains it for 3 hours.Conclusions & InferencesWeight‐based dosing minimizes age‐dependent variation in the plasma concentration of ketamine. Low‐to‐intermediate adult doses are suitable for induction and maintenance of safe anesthesia in children undergoing short‐term surgical operations. However, this finding requires validation in controlled clinical trials before it is adopted into surgical standard practices.
A research agenda for fear of cancer recurrence: A Delphi study conducted in Australia
Authors: Butow Phyllis , Shaw Joanne , Vaccaro Lisa , Sharpe Louise , Dhillon Haryana , Smith Ben ,   the PoCoG FCR Interest Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common, debilitating, and costly to the health system. While there has been a rising trajectory in FCR‐related research, there remain many unanswered questions. A research agenda is required to clarify priorities and ensure that research dollars and effort are expended wisely. This study aimed to elicit research topics and priorities from clinical and academic experts in FCR.MethodsPhase 1 consisted of elicitation by survey of prioritised FCR research topics from 20 members of the Psycho‐Oncology Co‐operative Research Group (PoCoG) FCR special interest group, followed by a focus group discussion with 28 clinicians, researchers, and cancer survivors, at which survey results were presented and further reflection was encouraged. This resulted in 28 research topics that were then subjected to a Delphi process to establish consensus (phase 2).ResultsThirty‐one participants completed round 1 of the Delphi process and 23 round 2, after which satisfactory consensus was reached. Five broad areas of research were identified as priorities. In rank order, they were (1) intervention models; (2) definition, predictors, and outcomes of FCR; (3) detection and screening; (4) training for health professionals; and (5) reaching specific populations.ConclusionsIt is hoped that the current findings will guide FCR researchers towards clinically relevant, significant research that will move the field forward. Experts nominated intervention research as the top priority, specifically exploring optimal formats of delivery including stepped care and blended models incorporating online or phone elements to increase accessibility.
Solvent effect on stabilization energy: An approach based on density functional reactivity theory
Authors: Hamid Aabid , Roy Ram Kinkar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present article a formalism and the corresponding computational method is developed to take care of the variation of stabilization energy with solvent polarity in the process of adduct formation. For this purpose, a simple but physically insightful definition of “net desolvation energy” is proposed keeping in mind the sequence of events taking place in the process of adduct formation in a solvent. The approach used here is based on density functional reactivity theory (DFRT) and the representative samples chosen are adduct formation between (a) methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) and pyridine and (b) (azidomethyl)benzene and methylpropiolate. The generated data in case (a) is correlated with already known experimental parameter that is, formation constant (Kf). The observed trends claim that with the increase in solvent polarity interaction (or stabilization) energy becomes less negative which means that on increasing the solvent polarity the chances of adduct formation are less. This is further supported by calculating hardness values of adducts in different solvents which goes on decreasing with the increase in solvent polarity. Here, the computed data show that on increasing the polarity (i.e., dielectric constant) of the solvent, the “net desolvation energy” increases. Finally, when “net desolvation energy” is added to the stabilization energy obtained from DFRT the predicted trends are achieved.
Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Controllable Diameter and Simple Tool to Evaluate their Diameter, Concentration and Yield
Authors: Azani Mohammad‐Reza , Hassanpour Azin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSimple solvothermal method was used to synthesize of uniform silver nanowires with the controllable diameter (17, 20, 35, 70 and 100 nm). It is the first report on the solvothermal synthesis of ultra‐thin silver nanowires (17 nm) with the high aspect ratio (>1000). Knowing silver nanowires diameter, length and yield after synthesis are a critical step to classify them for the final goal. Up to now, although the length of nanowires can be measured with the optical microscope, but to estimate the diameter, costly high‐resolution microscopic techniques are necessary. Herein, UV/Vis spectroscopy as an easy and cost‐effective tool is introduced to evaluate the diameter and yield of nanowires. For this purpose, after synthesis and purification of silver different nanowires; from their UV/Vis spectra, a new equation for evaluation nanowires diameter was extracted. In addition, for the first time, absorption coefficients (ϵ) of nanowires with different diameter thickness were reported and a new equation to estimate absorption coefficients to calculate concentration (mg/ml) and yield of silver nanowires was extracted. These equations have good agreement with real data and are independent of the length of nanowires.
Obstetric ultrasound in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Reeves Christopher 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect (CHD) found in 1 of 3600 live births and represents 3.5% to 7% of all CHD's in infants. TOF is characterised by a ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta astride of the VSD and pulmonary stenosis or atresia with or without right ventricular hypertrophy. It is well documented that prenatal diagnosis of TOF improves neonatal outcomes; however, ultrasound successfully detects it in only 30% to 60% of cases. Lack of skill and expertise by sonographers has been cited as a contributing factor to the relatively poor prenatal detection rates of TOF. This literature review was performed to provide a comprehensive resource for sonographers with the aim of improving awareness and understanding of the prenatal diagnosis of TOF with obstetric ultrasound. Emphasis has been placed on imaging protocols, sonographic appearances of TOF, and technological and best practice advancements in fetal cardiac ultrasound.
A phase I study of pexidartinib, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Lee Jih-Hsiang , Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Hsu Chih-Hung , Yen Yu-Hsin , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Cheng Ann-Lii , Sasaki Shun-ichi , Chiu LiYin , Sugihara Masahiro , Ishizuka Tomoko , Oguma Toshihiro , Tajima Naoyuki , Lin Chia-Chi 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Background Pexidartinib, a novel, orally administered small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has strong selectivity against colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. This phase I, nonrandomized, open-label multiple-dose study evaluated pexidartinib safety and efficacy in Asian patients with symptomatic, advanced solid tumors. Materials and Methods Patients received pexidartinib: cohort 1, 600 mg/d; cohort 2, 1000 mg/d for 2 weeks, then 800 mg/d. Primary objectives assessed pexidartinib safety and tolerability, and determined the recommended phase 2 dose; secondary objectives evaluated efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile. Results All 11 patients (6 males, 5 females; median age 64, range 23–82; cohort 1 n = 3; cohort 2 n = 8) experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event; 5 experienced at least one grade ≥ 3 adverse event, most commonly (18%) for each of the following: increased aspartate aminotransferase, blood alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and anemia. Recommended phase 2 dose was 1000 mg/d for 2 weeks and 800 mg/d thereafter. Pexidartinib exposure, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 8 h (AUC0-8h), and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) increased on days 1 and 15 with increasing pexidartinib doses, and time at Cmax (Tmax) was consistent throughout all doses. Pexidartinib exposure and plasma levels of adiponectin and colony-stimulating factor 1 increased following multiple daily pexidartinib administrations. One patient (13%) with tenosynovial giant cell tumor showed objective tumor response. Conclusions This was the first study to evaluate pexidartinib in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors. Pexidartinib was safe and tolerable in this
population at the recommended phase 2 dose previously determined for Western patients (funded by Daiichi Sankyo; clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT02734433).
Perceptions of Anal Intercourse Among Heterosexual Women: A Pilot Qualitative Study
Authors: Benson Lyndsey S. , Gilmore Kelly C. , Micks Elizabeth A. , McCoy Erin , Prager Sarah W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
More than one-third of women in the U.S. have engaged in heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI), but little is known regarding women’s perceptions of HAI and motivations for engaging in this sexual behavior.

Aim
This study aimed to explore U.S. women’s motivations for engaging in HAI and to investigate how they navigate HAI in the context of sexual relationships.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women, ages 18–50 years old, who had engaged in anal intercourse with a male partner within the past 3 months. The interview guide was developed utilizing a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Main Outcome Measure
Thematic content analysis was performed, and salient themes were identified.

Results
Salient themes were identified in all key components of the construct, including attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Women’s intent to engage in HAI was influenced by their attitudes toward HAI and level of control and trust with their partners. Primary motivators were partner and personal pleasure and sexual curiosity and experimentation.

Conclusion
The Theory of Planned Behavior construct was well suited to explore factors influencing women’s intent to engage in HAI. Most women perceive negative societal norms toward HAI. Although this does not appear to affect intention to engage in HAI, it does affect disclosure of this sexual activity with friends and healthcare providers. It is important for healthcare providers to provide open, non-judgmental counseling regarding HAI to decrease stigma, enhance communication, and improve sexual health.
What Patients and Partners Want in Interventions That Support Sexual Recovery After Prostate Cancer Treatment: An Exploratory Convergent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mehta Akanksha , Pollack Craig Evan , Gillespie Theresa W. , Duby Ashley , Carter Caroline , Thelen-Perry Steve , Witmann Daniela 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Men treated for prostate cancer suffer from treatment-related sexual side effects that adversely affect their relationships and quality of life.

Aim
To investigate what prostate cancer survivors and their partners want from a sexual recovery intervention, and whether they consider an online tool acceptable for use in promoting sexual recovery.

Methods
This mixed-methods study included focus groups and interviews with both heterosexual and gay cancer survivors, as well as their partners. Focus groups and interviews probed experiences with treatment, side effects, and support received/needed for sexual recovery. Participants responded to proposed web-based intervention content. Interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Their sexual function was assessed with validated measures.

Main Outcome Measures
Acceptability of online tools for promoting sexual recovery was evaluated.

Results
Participants included 14 patients and 10 partners (2 male). Patient and partner median age was 62 and 62.5 years, respectively. Treatment ranged from surgery alone to combined radiation and hormonal therapy. Qualitative data analysis yielded 5 main intervention needs: (i) pretreatment discussion of sexual side effects, rehabilitation, emotional impact and realistic expectations, (ii) improved sexual communication within couples, (iii) strategies for promoting sexual intimacy beyond penetrative intercourse, (iv) attentiveness to partners' needs, and (v) access to peer support. Gay men specifically expressed the need for improved provider understanding of their sexuality and experiences. Most considered a web-based approach to be acceptable.

Conclusion
Patients and partners value both pretreatment preparation for sexual recovery and support for sexual recovery for both after treatment. A web-based approach may help mitigate barriers to access to these support services.
Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients
Authors: Grietje Nieuwenhuis Jeanet , Johanna Henrica Smits Hedwig , Onno Noorthoorn Eric , Lambert Mulder Cornelis , Johannes Maria Penterman Engelbertus , Llewellyn Inge Nijman Henk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Little is known about the association between trauma and intellectual disability in SMI patients.Aim:To establish the prevalence of trauma and its association with intellectual functioning in SMI outpatients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in two mental health trusts in the Netherlands. We used the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to screen for trauma and PTSD, and the Screener for Intelligence and Learning disabilities (SCIL) for suspected MID/BIF. Chi-square andt-tests were used to test differences in outcome over patient characteristics. Post-hoc analysis was used to investigate gender differences between patients with and without MID/BIF on trauma and sexual trauma.Results:Any trauma was found in 86% of 570 patients and 42% were suspected for PTSD. The SCIL suggested that 40% had Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), half of whom were suspected of having Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). These patients had more traumatic experiences (1.89 in BIF, 1.75 in MID, against 1.41 in SCIL-negative patients). Female MID/BIF patients (61%) had experienced significantly more sexual abuse than male MID/BIF patients (23%).Conclusions:Significantly more SMI outpatients who screened positive for MID/BIF reported having experienced traumatic events than those who screened negative. Rates of all trauma categories were significantly higher in the screen-positive group, who were also more likely to have PTSD. Sexual abuse occurred more in all females but the SCIL positive women are even more often victim. Clinical practice has to pay more attention to all of these issues, especially when they occur together in a single patient.