bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human resource practices and migrant workers' turnover intentions: The roles of post‐migration place identity and justice perceptions
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Li Xiaobei , Frenkel Stephen J. , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study adopts an identity perspective to explore the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and turnover intentions among migrant workers. Informed by HR attribution theory, we propose that the effects of HR practices will be more effective in reducing turnover among migrant workers when these workers have stronger post‐migration place identities and when they experience a sense of justice regarding their work and nonwork environments. Using a three‐way interaction model, we tested these ideas on a sample composed of 1,985 migrant workers in 141 firms in China. The results support the theoretical model.
99mTc‐Ceftizoxime: Synthesis, characterization and its use in diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Fatima Shazia , Saeed Muhammad Adnan , Zia Muhammad , Irfan Ullah Javaid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis is crucial and challenging for the proper management of diabetic foot. 99mTc labelled Ceftizoxime was used as a non‐invasive diagnostic agent for diabetic foot osteomyelitis.MethodsCeftizoxime [CFT], a third generation cephalosporin, was used in a simple and direct method for the synthesis of 99mTcO4− labelled infection imaging agent with stannous chloride as reducing agent. Its radiochemical purity was checked by thin Layer chromatography. Partition co‐efficient was measured with phosphate buffer and chloroform. The radiochemical complex was injected to control and infected animal model for 3 hours in‐vivo localization studied with the help of dual head gamma camera. The labelled complexes were injected to 5 patients of known type II diabetes mellitus suspected of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. All patients underwent dynamic and static 99mTc‐MDP and 99mTc‐CFT scans.ResultsThe synthesized radio labelled complex was 98.8% pure, with hydrophilic character. When injected to animal model, at 120 minutes, 49.3% was localized in foci of infection with 3.35% in liver and excretion through kidney. Human studies were interpreted as true or false positive and true or false negative based on bone histopathology/culture and clinical follow‐up. We found that of 5 patients, 2 were true positive, 2 as true negative with no false positive or negative and 01 patient had soft tissue infection.ConclusionThis study showed that 99mTc‐CFT labelled complex could be used for detection of diabetic foot osteomyelitis; however, further confirmation of results with a larger patient population would be optimal.
Brain Glutamate, GABA, and Glutamine Levels and Associations with Recent Drinking in Treatment‐Naïve Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Versus Light Drinkers
Authors: Prisciandaro James J. , Schacht Joseph P. , Prescot Andrew P. , Renshaw Perry F. , Brown Truman R. , Anton Raymond F. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) studies have demonstrated abnormal levels of a variety of neurometabolites in inpatients/outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following acute alcohol withdrawal relative to healthy controls. In contrast, few studies have compared neurometabolite levels between less severe, treatment‐naïve AUD individuals and light drinkers (LD) or related them to recent alcohol consumption. The present study compared neurometabolite levels between treatment‐naïve AUD and LD individuals.MethodsTwenty treatment‐naïve individuals with AUD and 20 demographically matched LD completed an 1H‐MRS scan, approximately 2.5 days following their last reported drink. 1H‐MRS data were acquired in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) using a 2‐dimensional J‐resolved point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence. dACC neurometabolite levels, with a focus on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA, were compared between AUD and LD participants. The associations between metabolite levels and recent drinking were explored.ResultsAUD participants had significantly lower concentrations of GABA (Cohen's d = 0.79, p = 0.017) and glutamine (Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.005), but not glutamate (Cohen's d = 0.05, p = 0.893), relative to LD. As previously reported, AUD participants’ glutamate and N‐acetylaspartate concentrations were inversely associated with their number of heavy drinking days. In contrast, neither number of drinking (mean p = 0.56) nor heavy drinking (mean p = 0.47) days were associated with metabolite concentrations in LD.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated significantly lower levels of prefrontal γ‐aminobutyric acid and glutamine in treatment‐naïve individuals with AUD relative to LD. Whether these findings reflect the neurotoxic consequence and/or neuroadaptive response of alcohol consumption versus a predrinking trait, and therefore a more durable neurochemical disturbance, awaits elucidation from longitudinal studies.
Role of ADHD in the Co‐Occurrence Between Heavy Alcohol Use and Depression Trajectories in Adulthood
Authors: Wang Frances L. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Joseph Heather , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Curran Patrick , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S. G. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with greater heavy alcohol use and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Yet, few studies have investigated whether childhood ADHD predicts an increased association between heavy drinking and depression in adulthood when this co‐occurrence becomes more common. We examined associations among heavy alcohol use and depression longitudinally from ages 21 to 29 and whether these associations differed for those with or without childhood ADHD, as well as for those with or without persistent ADHD in adulthood.MethodsData were from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study, a prospective cohort of children diagnosed with ADHD and demographically similar individuals without ADHD histories. ADHD symptoms in adulthood were self‐ and parent reported; depressive symptoms and frequency of drinking 5 or more drinks in a single drinking occasion were self‐reported and measured at 5 time‐points from ages 21 to 29. Depression and alcohol use were modeled in a multiple‐group, parallel process longitudinal growth model.ResultsThe slopes of heavy alcohol use and depression were significantly and positively associated from ages 25 to 29 but not at the younger ages. Although the strength of these associations did not differ by group (with or without ADHD, childhood or adulthood), the slopes of depression and heavy drinking at the older ages were highly variable and individuals with ADHD showed significantly faster growth in depression from ages 25 to 29.ConclusionsDue to the strengthening association between heavy drinking and depression for adults in their late 20s, and increasing depression for adults with ADHD histories, individuals with ADHD may be at greater risk for co‐occurring depression and binge drinking. Negative reinforcement‐related alcohol use may strengthen as these individuals age toward the fourth decade of life. More rigorous testing of this possibility is warranted.
Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia in the United Kingdom: secondary analysis of the anaesthesia practice in children observational trial (APRICOT study)
Authors: Engelhardt T. , Ayansina D. , Bell G. T. , Oshan V. , Rutherford J. S. , Morton N. S. ,   for the APRICOT Group of the European Society of Anaesthesiology Clinical Trial Network
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe anaesthesia practice in children observational trial of 31,127 patients in 261 European hospitals revealed a high (5.2%) incidence of severe critical events in the peri‐operative period and wide variability in practice. A sub‐analysis of the UK data was undertaken to investigate differences compared with the non‐UK cohort in the incidence and nature of peri‐operative severe critical events and to attempt to identify areas for quality improvement. In the UK cohort of 7040 paediatric patients from 43 hospitals, the overall incidence of peri‐operative severe critical events was lower than in the non‐UK cohort (3.3%, 95%CI: 2.9–3.8 vs. 5.8%, 95%CI: 5.5–6.1, RR 0.57, p < 0.001). There was a lower rate of bronchospasm (RR 0.22, 95%CI: 0.14–0.33; p < 0.001), stridor (RR 0.42, 95%CI: 0.28–0.65; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular instability (RR 0.69, 95%CI: 0.55–0.86; p = 0.001) than in the non‐UK cohort. The proportion of sicker patients where less experienced teams were managing care was lower in the UK than in the non‐UK cohort (10.4% vs. 20.4% of the ASA physical status 3 and 9% vs. 12.9% of the ASA physical status 4 patients). Differences in work‐load between centres did not affect the incidence and outcomes of severe critical events when stratified for age and ASA physical status. The lower incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory complications could be partly attributed to more experienced dedicated paediatric anaesthesia providers managing the higher risk patients in the UK. Areas for quality improvement include: standardisation of serious critical event definitions; increased reporting; development of evidence‐based protocols for management of serious critical events; development and rational use of paediatric peri‐operative risk assessment scores; implementation of current best practice in provision of competent paediatric anaesthesia services in Europe; development of specific training in the management of severe peri‐operative critical events; and implementation of systems for ensuring maintenance of skills.
Infants who die in shared sleeping situations differ from those who die while sleeping alone
Authors: Collins‐Praino Lyndsey E. , Byard Roger W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo determine whether there are differences between infants who are sharing a sleeping surface with others, compared to those who die alone.MethodsA literature review was undertaken of PubMed and Google Scholar databases using search terms: sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS, co‐sleeping and overlaying.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the sex ratios, and in staining of brain sections for β‐amyloid precursor protein (β‐APP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL). There were also higher numbers of nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) in the peripheral blood of infants who died while co‐sleeping.ConclusionThe results demonstrate differences between infants who are sharing a sleeping surface with others, compared to those who die alone. It is likely, therefore, that lethal mechanisms for some shared sleepers are not the same as for SIDS infants sleeping alone, and may involve suffocation.
Pray local and act global? Christian religiosity in the U.S. and human rights
Authors: Cui Jinhua , Jo Hoje 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examines the influence of Christian religion on corporate decisions related to human rights in the United States. Specifically, it examines the empirical association between a company's human rights practices and the Christian religiosity in its local community, as well as individual CEO religiosity in the United States, both of which have not been tested in prior studies. Employing a large sample from the United States, we find a congruent association between the “human rights friendly” practices of a company and the Christian religiosity of the local community. This novel finding is robust to a diverse set of tests. In addition, we find that the association between Christian religiosity in the United States and human rights is more significant in reducing human rights concerns, than it improves human rights strengths. This study interprets these results as upholding the religious morality hypothesis, namely, that companies located in areas with higher religiosity are likely to engage in more human rights‐friendly practices, and the United States. Christians consider religion as an influencing factor that encourages managers to embrace human rights. Furthermore, this study finds that individual religious managers tend toward more human rights‐friendly practices, supporting our religious manager hypothesis.
Frontiérités québécoises : Représentations de la zone transfrontalière québéco‐américaine au Congrès des États‐Unis, 2001–2016
Authors: Boucher Vincent , Cloutier‐Roy Christophe , Vallet Élisabeth 
Published: December 2018

Messages clés

Les élus du Congrès des États‐Unis formulent des demandes contradictoires de durcissement et d'assouplissement de la frontière québéco‐américaine.
Deux tensions se dégagent de leurs discours : une volonté d'assouplir et de durcir les contrôles frontaliers; l'affirmation d'un sentiment de communauté transfrontalière et d'un sentiment d'extranéité vis‐à‐vis de ce qui se trouve de l'autre côté de la frontière.
Les législateurs réclament des niveaux différents de contrôle frontalier, ce qui reflète des frontiérités propres aux circonscriptions ou États qu'ils représentent au niveau fédéral.
Clinical significance of the mutational landscape and fragmentation of circulating tumor DNA in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Uemura Motohide , Fujita Masashi , Maejima Kazuhiro , Koh Yoko , Matsushita Makoto , Nakano Kosuke , Hayashi Yujiro , Wang Cong , Ishizuya Yu , Kinouchi Toshiro , Hayashi Takuji , Matsuzaki Kyosuke , Jingushi Kentaro , Kato Taigo , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Nagahara Akira , Fujita Kazutoshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Nonomura Norio 
Published: December 2018

Reliable biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have yet to be determined. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging resource to detect and monitor molecular characteristics of various tumors. The present study aims to clarify the clinical utility of ctDNA for RCC. Fifty‐three patients histologically diagnosed with clear cell RCC were enrolled. Targeted sequencing was carried out using plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor DNA. We applied droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to validate detected mutations. cfDNA fragment size was also evaluated using a microfluidics‐based platform and sequencing. Proportion of cfDNA fragments was defined as the ratio of small (50‐166 bp) to large (167‐250 bp) cfDNA fragments. Association of mutant allele frequency of ctDNA with clinical course was analyzed. Prognostic potential was evaluated using log‐rank test. A total of 38 mutations across 16 (30%) patients were identified from cfDNA, including mutations in TP53 (n = 6) and VHL (n = 5), and median mutant allele frequency of ctDNA was 10%. We designed specific ddPCR probes for 11 mutations and detected the same mutations in both cfDNA and tumor DNA. Positive ctDNA was significantly associated with a higher proportion of cfDNA fragments (P = .033), indicating RCC patients with ctDNA had shorter fragment sizes of cfDNA. Interestingly, the changes of mutant allele frequency in ctDNA concurrently correlated with clinical course. Positive ctDNA and fragmentation of cfDNA were significantly associated with poor cancer‐specific survival (P < .001, P = .011). In conclusion, our study shows the clinical utility of ctDNA status and cfDNA fragment size as biomarkers for prognosis and disease monitoring in RCC.
Complications after discharge and delays in adjuvant chemotherapy following colonic resection: a cohort study of linked primary and secondary care data
Authors: Arhi C. S. , Burns E. M. , Bouras G. , Aylin P. , Ziprin P. , Darzi A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimBy understanding the reasons for delays in adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after colonic resection, there is the potential to improve patient outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the extent and impact of complications after hospital discharge on delays to AC.MethodThe study cohort included patients from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) who had a colorectal cancer resection; linkage to primary care data was provided by the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Complications during the index hospital stay (from HES) and after discharge (from CPRD) were compared. The risk of late AC treatment (8 weeks or later) following a complication, stoma at the index procedure or emergency admission was described after accounting for age and Charlson score. A Cox hazards model determined the association of these factors with overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 1266 patients underwent AC following colon cancer resection, of whom 598 (47.2%) received treatment within 8 weeks. Patients receiving late AC had a significantly higher proportion of re‐operations (7.0% vs 3.3% P < 0.005) and wound infections (5.5% vs 3.7% P = 0.042), with 96% of the latter only being noted in CPRD. In multivariate analysis, the risk of AC delay significantly increased following a complication (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.03, P = 0.003) or a stoma at the index operation. AC delay was associated with worse OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.16–1.79, P = 0.001], as was an emergency admission (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.21–1.98, P < 0.0005). However, the presence of a complication did not independently reduce OS (HR 1.15, 95%CI 0.89–1.48, P = 0.295).ConclusionThe true extent and impact of complications following colonic resection is underestimated when only secondary care data are used.
Brain structure and neurological and behavioural functioning in infants born preterm
Authors: Kelly Claire E , Thompson Deanne K , Cheong Jeanie LY , Chen Jian , Olsen Joy E , Eeles Abbey L , Walsh Jennifer M , Seal Marc L , Anderson Peter J , Doyle Lex W , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: December 2018

AimTo examine: (1) relationships between brain structure, and concurrently assessed neurological and behavioural functioning, in infants born preterm at term‐equivalent age (TEA; approximately 38–44wks); and (2) whether brain structure–function relationships differ between infants born very (24–29wks) and moderate‐late (32–36wks) preterm.MethodA total of 257 infants (91 very preterm, 166 moderate‐late preterm; 120 males, 137 females) had structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological and behavioural assessments (Prechtl's general movements assessment, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale [NNNS] and Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination [HNNE]). Two hundred and sixty‐three infants (90 very preterm, 173 moderate‐late preterm; 131 males, 132 females) had diffusion MRI and assessments. Associations were investigated between assessment scores and global brain volumes using linear regressions, regional brain volumes using Voxel‐Based Morphometry, and white matter microstructure using Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics.ResultsSuboptimal scores on some assessments were associated with lower fractional anisotropy and/or higher axial, radial, and mean diffusivities in some tracts: NNNS attention and reflexes, and HNNE total score and tone, were associated with the corpus callosum and optic radiation; NNNS quality of movement with the corona radiata; HNNE abnormal signs with several major tracts. Brain structure‐function associations generally did not differ between the very and moderate‐late preterm groups.InterpretationWhite matter microstructural alterations may be associated with suboptimal neurological and behavioural performance in some domains at TEA in infants born preterm. Brain structure–function relationships are similar for infants born very preterm and moderate‐late preterm.What this paper adds

Brain volume is not related to neurological/behavioural function in infants born preterm at term.

White matter microstructure is related to some neurological/behavioural domains at term.

Brain–behaviour relationships are generally similar for infants born very preterm and moderate‐late preterm.
Persistence of a pacemaker lead‐like “ghost” 6 months after lead extraction
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Sarrafi Rad Negar , Pourafkari Leili , Haghjoo Majid 
Published: December 2018

Residual fibrous structures, referred as “ghosts”, are occasionally encountered following lead extraction. Though typically detected in patients with cardiac device infections, their prognostic and therapeutic implications remain speculative. We describe a 62‐year‐old gentleman with history of sick sinus syndrome who presented atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. The patient had history of transvenous lead extraction following pacemaker pocket infection 6 months earlier. In echocardiography, an echo‐dense tubular lead‐like structure was seen that followed the route of a pacer lead from superior vena cava to right atrium and then passing through the tricuspid valve into right ventricle.
The gender division of labour in early modern England
Authors: Whittle Jane , Hailwood Mark 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article presents new evidence of gendered work patterns in the pre‐industrial economy, providing an overview of women's work in early modern England. Evidence of 4,300 work tasks undertaken by particular women and men was collected from three types of court documents (coroners’ reports, church court depositions, and quarter sessions examinations) from five counties in south‐western England (Cornwall, Devon, Hampshire, Somerset, and Wiltshire) between 1500 and 1700. The findings show that women participated in all the main areas of the economy. However, different patterns of gendered work were identified in different parts of the economy: craft work showed a sharp division of labour and agriculture a flexible division of labour, while differences of gender were less pronounced in everyday commerce. Quantitative evidence of early modern housework and care work in England indicates that such work used less time and was less family‐based than is often assumed. Comparisons with gendered work patterns in early modern Germany and Sweden are drawn and show strong similarities to England. In conclusion it is argued that the gender division of labour cannot be explained by a single factor, as different influences were at play in different parts of the economy.
Simulated long‐term outcomes of early use of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics in early schizophrenia
Authors: Horvitz‐Lennon Marcela , Predmore Zachary , Orr Patrick , Hanson Mark , Hillestad Richard , Durkin Mike , Kim Edward , Mattke Soeren 
Published: December 2018

AimDuration of untreated psychosis in early schizophrenia impacts long‐term outcomes. Because long‐acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs improve adherence in early‐stage patients, they could reduce additional time in uncontrolled psychosis (TUP) during the critical period of the illness. However, the long‐term benefit of early LAI use over oral formulations has not been quantified. This study explores the potential magnitude of the benefit with a simulation approach.MethodsA microsimulation models the effects of 11 treatment pathways reflecting alternative decisions on whether and when LAI agents are used during a “calibration phase” that starts at treatment entry and lasts until the end of the 3‐year critical period. Treatment failure prolongs time in psychosis. Long‐term outcomes are predicted over the ensuing 7‐year period as a function of TUP.ResultsAn “early LAI” pathway where LAI treatment follows the second oral treatment failure is compared to an oral‐only pathway. Under these pathways, 69% and 46% of patients, respectively, are estimated to exit the calibration phase with adequate symptom control (total positive and negative syndrome scale score below 68). Relative to the oral‐only pathway, the early LAI pathway is predicted to increase competitive employment by 39% (25% vs 18%) and independent or family living by 22% (71% vs 58%), and to decrease receipt of disability benefits by 36% (42% vs 66%) and hospital admissions per 1000 patient‐years by 15% (249% vs 294%).ConclusionsWhile these simulation results need to be confirmed empirically, they suggest that earlier use of LAI antipsychotics can meaningfully improve patient outcomes.