bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis Triggers Excessive Activation of Primordial Follicles via PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 Pathway
Authors: Takeuchi Arisa , Koga Kaori , Satake Erina , Makabe Tomoko , Taguchi Ayumi , Miyashita Mariko , Takamura Masashi , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Yoshino Osamu , Wada-Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
The ovarian reserve is reduced in patients with endometriosis. We hypothesize that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) Akt-Forkhead box O (Foxo3) pathway is involved in reducing the ovarian reserve.

Objective
To elucidate the signaling mechanism by which endometriosis decreases ovarian reserve.

Design
Studies were conducted by using a mouse model for endometriosis and human ovaries. The endometriosis mouse model was established and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-o,o′) tellurate (AS101), an inhibitor of PI3K-PTEN-Akt pathway, was administered to experimental mice. Human ovaries were collected during surgery from patients with endometrioma or from patients with no ovarian pathology (control ovaries). The number of follicles and expression of Foxo3, PTEN, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin and phosphorylated Akt by oocytes in primordial follicles in mouse and human ovaries were detected by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated.

Results
In the endometriosis mouse model, the proportion of primordial follicles was diminished, and the proportion of primary, secondary, antral, and growing follicles was increased in comparison with controls. In both mouse and human ovaries, the PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 pathway was activated in samples from endometriosis. Administration of AS101 restored the proportion of primordial follicles in endometriotic mice ovaries to control levels.

Conclusions
The current study describes the excessive activation of primordial follicles and the role of the PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 pathway in the reduction of ovarian reserve associated with endometriosis. Our results suggest that a PI3K-PTEN-Akt inhibitor should be considered for further investigation as promising medicines for the prevention of the ovarian reserve reduction in patients with endometriosis.
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low-Dose Testosterone Therapy in Women With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kimball Allison , Schorr Melanie , Meenaghan Erinne , Bachmann Katherine N , Eddy Kamryn T , Misra Madhusmita , Lawson Elizabeth A , Kreiger-Benson Elana , Herzog David B , Koman Stuart , Keane Robert J , Ebrahimi Seda , Schoenfeld David , Klibanski Anne , Miller Karen K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with considerable morbidity and no approved medical therapies. We have shown that relative androgen deficiency in AN is associated with greater depression and anxiety symptom severity.

Objective
To determine whether low-dose testosterone therapy is an effective endocrine-targeted therapy for AN.

Design
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting
Clinical research center.

Participants
Ninety women, 18 to 45 years, with AN and free testosterone levels below the median for healthy women.

Intervention
Transdermal testosterone, 300 μg daily, or placebo patch for 24 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary end point: body mass index (BMI). Secondary end points: depression symptom severity [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)], anxiety symptom severity [Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)], and eating disorder psychopathology and behaviors.

Results
Mean BMI increased by 0.0 ± 1.0 kg/m2 in the testosterone group and 0.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2 in the placebo group (P = 0.03) over 24 weeks. At 4 weeks, there was a trend toward a greater decrease in HAM-D score (P = 0.09) in the testosterone vs placebo group. At 24 weeks, mean HAM-D and HAM-A scores decreased similarly in both groups [HAM-D: −2.9 ± 4.9 (testosterone) vs −3.0 ± 5.0 (placebo), P = 0.72; HAM-A: −4.5 ± 5.3 (testosterone) vs −4.3 ± 4.4 (placebo), P = 0.25]. There were no significant differences in eating disorder scores between groups. Testosterone therapy was safe and well tolerated with no increase in androgenic side effects compared with placebo.

Conclusion
Low-dose testosterone therapy for 24 weeks was associated with less weight gain—and did not lead to sustained improvements in depression, anxiety, or disordered eating symptoms—compared with placebo in women with AN.
Radiation dosimetry changes in radiotherapy treatment plans for adult patients arising from the selection of the CT image reconstruction kernel
Authors: Davis Anne T , Muscat Sarah , Palmer Antony L. , Buckle David , Earley James , Williams Matthew G.J. , Nisbet Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The reconstruction kernel used for a CT scan strongly influences the image quality. This work investigates the changes in Hounsfield units (HUs) which can arise when altering the image reconstruction kernel for planning CT images and the associated changes in dose in the radiotherapy treatment plan if the treatment planning system (TPS) is not re-calibrated. Methods: Head and neck, prostate and lung CT images from four centres were used. For a specific scan, the base image was acquired using the original reconstruction kernel (used when the TPS was calibrated) and the treatment plan produced. The treatment plan was applied to all images from the other reconstruction kernels. Differences in dose-volume metrics for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were noted and HU differences between images measured for air, soft tissue and bone. Results: HU change in soft tissue had the greatest influence on dose change. When within ±20 HU for soft tissue and ±50 HU for bone and air the dose change in the PTV and OAR was within ±0.5% and ±1% respectively. Conclusions: When imaging parameters were changed, if HU change was within ±20 HU for soft tissue and ±50 HU for bone and air, the change in the PTV and OAR doses was below 1%. Advances in knowledge: The degree of dose change in the treatment plan with HU change is demonstrated for current TPS algorithms. This adds to the limited evidence base for recommendations on HU tolerances as a tool for radiotherapy CT protocol optimization.
A refinement to the formalin test in mice
Authors: Lopes Douglas M , Cater Heather L , Thakur Matthew , Wells Sara , McMahon Stephen B 
Published: June 2019

The constant refinement of tests used in animal research is crucial for the scientific community. This is particularly true for the field of pain research, where ethical standards are notably sensitive. The formalin test is widely used in pain research and some of its mechanisms resemble those underlying clinical pain in humans. Immediately upon injection, formalin triggers two waves (an early and a late phase) of strong, nociceptive behaviour, characterised by licking, biting, lifting and shaking the injected paw of the animal. Although well characterised at the behaviour level, since its proposal over four decades ago, there has not been any significant refinement to the formalin test, especially those combining minimisation of animal distress and preservation of behavioural outcomes of the test. Here, we propose a modified and improved method for the formalin test. We show that anaesthetising the animal with the inhalable anaesthetic sevoflurane at the time of the injection can produce reliable, robust and reproducible results whilst animal distress during the initial phase is reduced. Importantly, our results were validated by pharmacological suppression of the behaviour during the late phase of the test with gabapentin, the anaesthetic showing no interference with the drug. In addition, we demonstrate that this is also a useful method to screen for changes in pain behaviour in response to formalin in transgenic lines.
The effects of interventions preventing self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Morken Ida Sund , Dahlgren Astrid , Lunde Ingeborg , Toven Siri 
Published: June 2019

Background: Self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents are of serious consequence and increase during the adolescent years. Consequently, there is need for interventions that prevent such behaviour. The objective of this paper: to evaluate the effects of interventions preventing self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents in an overview of systematic reviews.Methods: We conducted a review of systematic reviews (OoO). We included reviews evaluating any preventive or therapeutic intervention. The quality of the included reviews was assessed independently, and data was extracted by two reviewers. We report the review findings descriptively. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Results: Moderate certainty evidence suggests that school-based interventions prevent suicidal ideation and attempts short term, and possibly with long term effects on suicide attempts. The effects of community-based interventions following suicide clusters and local suicide plans are uncertain, as are the benefits and harms of screening young people for suicide risk.The effects of most interventions targeting children and adolescents with known self-harm are uncertain. However, low certainty evidence suggests that dialectical behavioural therapy and developmental group therapy are equally as effective on repetition of self-harm as enhanced treatment as usual.Conclusions: Research on several recommended practices, such as local suicide plans, prevention of suicide clusters and approaches to risk assessment, is lacking. When implemented, these interventions should be closely evaluated. There also is need for more research on treatment for repeated self-harm, including long term follow-up, and in general: possible harmful effects.Policy makers and health providers should consider evidence from population-based studies and adults in preventing self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents. Also, approaches showing promise in treatment of conditions associated with self-harm and/or suicidality, such as depression and psychosis, should be considered.PROSPERO registration: CRD42019117942 08/02/19.
Assessment of a neuro-developmental screening tool in children in Bhutan
Authors: Wong Brian , Grundy Sara , Tshering Lhab , Tshering Kinley , Mateen Farrah J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:Developmental screening tools are designed to fit the cultural context in which they are utilized, yet often find a wider international audience. This study evaluates the efficacy of one such tool, the Parental Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM), developed in the United States and tested in the lower income Asian country of Bhutan. We aimed to test the PEDS:DM instrument to measure neurodevelopmental delay in children in Bhutan.Methods:In total, 96 community-dwelling Bhutanese children (3-7 years old) without diagnosed neurocognitive conditions were recruited from ambulatory clinics in urban Bhutan in 2016 as part of a larger study on retinal imaging and cognitive and growth parameters. Scoring was based on neurocognitive domains (gross and fine motor, receptive and expressive speech, self-help, social-emotional). Rates of failure (meant to indicate delay) within domains were calculated.Results:Modifications of some standard questions was deemed necessary by the study staff to suit the cultural context, such as replacing kickball with football in a question regarding games played with rules to maintain local relevance. In a modified PEDS:DM test with these improvised modifications, the mean percentage of age-appropriate domains failed was 58.8% and the mean percent delay was 12.3% (range 0-41.4%, available in n=83). The highest prevalence of failures was 59.4% for receptive language and 76.3% for expressive language, much higher than the lowest rate of failure seen in self-help (5.4%). Conclusions:The PEDS:DM requires further modifications and validation studies before it can be reliably implemented to assess developmental delay in children in Bhutan. In this pilot study, the rate of delay as reported by the PEDS:DM would be scored as markedly elevated, especially when compared to available epidemiologic studies in the region.
Sobre as funções e a materialidade linguística da ficção
Authors: Chagas Pedro D. , Bittencourt Náira 
Published: June 2019

Proposição da homeostase, conforme definida por António Damásio, como função dominante da ficção. Proposição do prazer na leitura como explicação do interesse pela literatura; explicação desse prazer como resultado da homeostase proporcionada pela leitura. Seguindo Damásio, compreenderemos a homeostase como um tipo de equilíbrio psíquico proporcionado pela experiência da arte, que permite, no decorrer da sua fruição, que indivíduos e coletividades processem problemas sociais ainda não propriamente interpretados e nomeados. Como esse equilíbrio não é apenas conscientemente processado, é preciso explicar como os componentes semânticos nele implicados podem se efetivar infraconscientemente; para tanto, recorremos aos conceitos de affordances e relevância. Inspirados pela apropriação de Terence Cave da proposição original de James J. Gibson, propomos que affordances textuais orientam o leitor na postura assumida diante do texto. Quanto Ã teoria da relevância de Dan Sperber e Deirdre Wilson, ela nos inspira a propor os modos pelos quais os conteúdos textuais produzem o equilíbrio homeostático proposto como função da ficção. Ao final, discutimos a extensão da nossa teorização e os possíveis limites à sua universalização.
Design and Development of an Automatic Watering System Based on Bash Shell with OpenWRT Platform on Chili Plants
Authors: Son’Aniy Irham , Sugiantoro Bambang 
Published: June 2019

Indonesia is an agrarian country. Because of the wide agriculture area, Indonesia became the exporter country in agriculture sector. Nowadays, the developments in every fields are always increasing. One of those field is technology. Technology should give some contributions which can develop the agriculture field. One of the contribution that can be done is automatic watering system on chili, so it become easier for the farmers to control the chili. The automatic watering system use internet technology to control a device from distance. This chili’s automatic watering system based on bash shell with openWRT platform. This system was made to help farmers watering the chili automatically. The methods that used in this system can be based on the soil’s moisture, time, or manual. Soil’s moisture based method used soil moisture, that tool can measure the ground’s moisture and automatically send order to the device. This system can reduce delays of the chili’s daily treatment, so the chili’s production will be increasing. This system development used SLDC (Systems Development Life Cycle) method. Automatic watering system with openWRT platform can help farmers in watering and controlling chili. The system can perform the function of automatic watering feature and functionality can run well.
PERANCANGAN FULL BRIDGE INVERTER RESONANSI PARALEL SEBAGAI CATU DAYA PEMANAS INDUKSI PADA PIPA PEMANAS AIR
Authors: Ritonga Seno Yudho Panggayuh , Warsito Agung , Facta Mochammad 
Published: June 2019

Pemanasan secara induksi adalah proses pemanasan tanpa adanya kontak fisik antara pemanas dengan benda yang dipanaskan. Pemanas induksi menghasilkan panas dengan memanfaatkan rugi-rugi histerisis dan arus eddy. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan metode terbaik dalam pemanasan pipa saluran air. Teknologi yang berkembang saat ini adalah pemanas air menggunakan gas dan panas matahari. Pemanas air menggunakan gas dianggap kurang efektif karena switch otomatis sering bermasalah dan api tidak menyala karena tekanan pompa drop. Pemanas air menggunakan panas matahari dianggap kurang efektif karena dimensinya sangat besar dan harganya yang sangat mahal. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penulis bertujuan untuk mencari solusi pemanasan yang efektif, yaitu menggunakan metode pemanasan induksi. Pemanas induksi tersebut membutuhkan catu daya khusus yang memiliki frekuensi tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat inverter full bridge resonan paralel frekuensi tinggi yang digunakan sebagai catu daya pemanas induksi pada pipa pemanas air. Dari hasil pengujian didapat bahwa sistem yang dirancang dapat bekerja pada tegangan 130 Volt AC 50 Hz. Daya maksimal terdapat pada frekuensi resonansi 32kHz yaitu 590W. Sistem bekerja paling optimal pada frekuensi resonansi 32 kHz variasi duty cycle 30% yaitu dapat membuat pipa stainless steel mencapai suhu 100 °C dan suhu air konstan 64,2 °C dalam jangka waktu 172 detik.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG) TERHADAP INDEKS KEANDALAN PADA PENYULANG MRA05 BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Bekti Rizky Catur , Hermawan Hermawan , Winardi Bambang 
Published: June 2019

Tingkat keandalan pada sistem distribusi dapat dilihat dari frekuensi terjadinya pemutusan beban, lama gangguan yang terjadi, dan waktu untuk pemulihan gangguan. Berdasarkan data dari PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Banjarnegara Penyulang MRA05 memiliki 4 buah DG dan selama tahun 2016 mengalami pemadaman sebanyak 15 kali/tahun, dengan total lama padam 38,68 jam/tahun, hal ini tentunya cukup mengganggu kontinuitas penyaluran energi listrik pada Penyulang MRA05. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut pada penelitian ini akan dibahas besarnya indeks keandalan (SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ENS, AENS) pada penyulang MRA05 saat kondisi DG tidak terpasang dan terpasang. Perhitungan besarnya indeks keandalan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Reliability Index Assesment (RIA) ,selanjutnya hasil perhitungan akan dibandingkan dengan hasil simulasi menggunakan software ETAP 12.6.0 0 Indeks keandalan yang didapat berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan metode RIA saat kondisi DG tidak terpasang, nilai SAIFI sebesar 2,96228 gangguan/tahun, nilai SAIDI sebesar 9,1185 jam/tahun, nilai CAIDI sebesar 3,078 jam/gangguan, nilai ENS sebesar 42,1842 MWh/tahun, nilai AENS sebesar 0,00358 MWh/pelanggan. Indeks keandalan saat kondisi DG terpasang, nilai SAIFI sebesar 2,96228 gangguan/tahun, nilai SAIDI sebesar 7,567 jam/tahun, nilai CAIDI sebesar 2,5546 jam/gangguan, nilai ENS sebesar 35,11578 MWh/tahun, nilai AENS sebesar 0,0029 MWh/pelanggan.
ANALISIS PELEPASAN BEBAN (LOAD SHEDDING) MENGGUNAKAN UNDER FREQUENCY RELAY PADA PEMBANGKITAN TANJUNG JATI B JEPARA
Authors: Karo Tio Vanny Br , Windarta Jaka , Facta Mochammad 
Published: June 2019

Adanya perubahan beban secara tiba-tiba akan mengakibatkan perubahan kestabilaan pada sistem. Salah satunya adalah perubahan kestabilan frekuensi sistem. Frekuensi akan naik apabila pembangkit menghasilkan daya yang lebih besar dari pada permintaan beban dan sebaliknya frekuensi akan turun bila pembangkit menghasilkan daya yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan permintaan beban. Apabila penurunan frekuensi tidak segera ditanggulangi makan akan menyebabkan sistem tersebut mengalami pemadaman total (black out). Salah satu tindakan yang harus dilakukan untuk menanggulangi turunnya frekuensi adalah dengan melakukan pelepasan beban (load shedding) yang diharapkan dapat memulihkan frekuensi dengan cepat dan jumlah beban yang dilepaskan seminimal mungkin. Pada Penelitian ini dibuat simulasi pelepasan beban pada Pembangkitan Tanjung Jati B Jepara dan pada daerah Jepara, Kuduss, Sayung, Jekulo, Pati dan Rembang . Simulasi ini digunakan untuk menganalisis frekuensi dan tegangan sistem akibat gangguan yang diberikan pada sistem yaitu gangguan skenario beban 30%, skenario beban 50%, skenario beban 70% dan skenario beban 100%. Dari hasil simulasi menggunakan software ETAP 12.6.0 menunjukkan bahwa pada skenario beban 30%, 50% dan 70% tidak dilakukan pelepasan beban karena perubahan frekuensi tidak mencapai frekuensi setting sebesar 98%. Sedangkan ketika dilakukan skenario beban 100% dilakukan pelepasan beban sebesar 90 MVA dan dapat mengembalikan frekuensi menjadi normal pada detik ke-48,2.
APLIKASI METODE INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL (IMC) 1 DEGREE OF FREEDOM (DOF) DALAM PENGENDALIAN SUHU PADA PROTOTYPE SISTEM HOT ROOM
Authors: Saktian Farsa Adhy , Triwiyatno Aris , Sudjadi Sudjadi 
Published: June 2019

Metode kontrol yang digunakan pada hot room PT Hartono Istana Teknologi masih menggunakan metode kontrol on-off, serta suhu hot room yang dikendalikan menghasilkan keluaran yang tidak stabil dan susah mencapai referensi suhu yang diinginkan terlebih jika mendapat gangguan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode kontrol yang baik untuk menangani permasalahan kurang efektifnya metode kontrol pada kasus hot room PT HIT. Pada Penelitian ini dirancang mikrokontroler ATmega16 sebagai slave, kabel usb ttl sebagai media komunikasi antara master dan slave, serta slave berupa interface visual C#. Metode kontrol yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan suhu pada prototype hot room adalah IMC 1 DOF. Hasil pengujian metode kontrol IMC 1 DOF terhadap 3 variasi referensi suhu, menghasilkan keluaran suhu yang mengikuti refrensi sesuai dengan variasi referensi suhu yang diberikan dengan nilai MSE 25,22 referensi tetap, nilai MSE 2,64 untuk referensi naik, dan MSE 1,17 untuk referensi turun serta sistem juga mampu mengikuti refrensi ke referensi suhu yang diinginkan meskipun diberi gangguan dengan waktu pemulihan menuju keadaan steadynya adalah 391 detik dan pada pengujian perbandingan metode kontrol IMC 1 DOF, PI, dan on-off diperoleh metode kontrol yang paling cocok untuk prototype sistem hot room adalah metode kontrol PI, karena secara keseluruhan memiliki kelebihan dibanding kontroler pembanding.
ANALISIS KOORDINASI DAN SETTING RELE ARUS LEBIH SEBAGAI PENGAMAN MOTOR INDUKSI 6,3 KV DI UNIT SWBD 1 DAN 2 PLTU REMBANG DENGAN ETAP 12.6.0
Authors: Abdurrahman Fauzan Haidar , Windarta Jaka , Facta Mochammad 
Published: June 2019

Motor induksi merupakan salah satu jenis mesin listrik yang digunakan secara luas karena memiliki keandalan yang tinggi dan harga yang murah. Mengingat peran motor induksi yang vital, maka diperlukan sistem proteksi yang baik sehingga dapat melindungi motor induksi ketika terjadi gangguan hubung singkat. Salah satu ciri motor induksi adalah arus start yang beberapa kali dari arus nominal motor. Pada kondisi normal ini tidak boleh menyebabkan bekerjanya sistem pengaman arus lebih yang berarti setting waktu kerja rele harus lebih besar dari waktu start motor. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan program bantu ETAP 12.6.0 untuk mensimulasikan setting dan koordinasi rele proteksi arus lebih sehingga dihasilkan sistem pengaman yang dapat melindungi motor induksi ketika terjadi gangguan hubung singkat dan memenuhi standar persyaratan proteksi motor induksi. Setelah dilakukan analisa dan perhitungan setting rele proteksi arus lebih, didapatkan koordinasi relay arus lebih yang tepat dimana relay bekerja dimulai dari titik terdekat gangguan diikuti relay back up nya serta tidak ada kurva yang saling tumpang tindih. Selisih waktu kerja relay pada waktu start motor dengan waktu start motor sudah sesuai dengan standar IEEE C37.96-2000 dan Time grading sudah sesuai dengan standar IEEE 242-1986.