bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Well-Defined Subgroup of Patients
Authors: Jiang Xin , Du Yao , Cheng Chun-Yan , Denas Gentian , Zhou Yu-Ping , Wu Tao , Zhang Yi-Xin , Han Zhi-Yan , Pengo Vittorio , Jing Zhi-Cheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilia with an uncertain role in the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We aimed to assess the association of APS with the clinical phenotype of CTEPH. We retrospectively reviewed data of CTEPH patients referred to our center. Clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic data were available for all patients. APS was diagnosed in the presence of one or more positive antiphospholipid (aPL) tests confirmed more than 12 weeks apart. Data were compared between APS-positive and APS-negative patients. From May 2013 to December 2018, 297 patients with CTEPH were enrolled. Twenty-three (7.7%) were positive for laboratory tests exploring aPL antibodies. Among them, 17 patients (74%) had a triple positive aPL profile. When compared with the APS-negative group, APS patients were significantly younger (30.0 ± 11.1 vs. 55.6 ± 12.9 years, p < 0.0001), had more frequently a history of pulmonary embolism (95.6% vs. 65.7%, p = 0.003), and had more frequently associated autoimmune disease (43.5% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.0001). In APS-positive patients, pulmonary artery lesions were more proximal and hemodynamic profiles were less compromised. Our results show that patients with APS are a unique group of CTEPH patients with well-defined clinic and hemodynamic characteristics.
Gender and Outcomes following Guided De-Escalation of Antiplatelet Treatment in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: The TROPICAL-ACS Gender Substudy
Authors: Gross Lisa , Kupka Danny , Trenk Dietmar , Geisler Tobias , Hadamitzky Martin , Löw Anja , Orban Martin , Huber Kurt , Kiss Robert Gabor , Merkely Bela , Huczek Zenon , Beuthner Bo Eric , Hein-Rothweiler Ralph , Baylacher Monika , Rizas Konstantinos , Massberg Steffen , Aradi Daniel , Sibbing Dirk , Jacobshagen Claudius 
Published: June 2019

Objectives This prespecified analysis of the TROPICAL-ACS trial aimed to assess the impact of gender on clinical outcomes and platelet reactivity (PR) following guided de-escalation of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.
Background Guided de-escalation of DAPT was recently identified as an effective alternative treatment strategy in ACS.
Methods We used Cox proportional hazards models and linear regression analysis to assess the interaction of gender with clinical endpoints and PR.
Results In both male (n = 2,052) and female (n = 558) patients, the 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint did not differ in guided de-escalation versus control group patients (male: 7.0% vs. 9.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.06, p = 0.11; female: 8.4% vs. 9.2%; HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.53–1.62, p = 0.76, p
int = 0.60). The 1-year incidence of combined ischemic events (male: 2.5% vs. 3.3%; HR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.46–1.26, p = 0.29; female: 2.2% vs. 2.8%; HR, 0.78,95% CI, 0.27–2.25, p = 0.65, p
int = 0.96) as well as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥ 2 bleeding (male: 4.6% vs. 6.0%; HR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.52–1.12, p = 0.17; female: 6.2% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.51–1.92, p = 0.97, p
int = 0.51) was similar in the guided de-escalation versus control group for both male and female patients. Interaction testing revealed no significant impact of gender on PR levels (prasugrel or clopidogrel) across treatment groups (p
int = 0.72).
Conclusion Guided de-escalation of DAPT appears to be equally safe and effective in women and men. Especially in patients with increased bleeding risk and independent from gender, a guided DAPT de-escalation strategy may be used as an alternative treatment strategy.
Clinical Trial Registration URL: https//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT: 01959451.
Sex Differences in the Association between Inflammation and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Fiechter Michael , Haider Ahmed , Bengs Susan , Marȩdziak Monika , Burger Irene A. , Roggo Andrea , Portmann Angela , Warnock Geoffrey I. , Schade Katharina , Treyer Valerie , Becker Anton S. , Messerli Michael , Felten Elia von , Benz Dominik C. , Fuchs Tobias A. , Gräni Christoph , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Buechel Ronny R. , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Gebhard Catherine 
Published: June 2019

Background Inflammation plays a fundamental role in mediating all stages of atherosclerosis. Given the higher prevalence of inflammatory rheumatologic conditions in women and the female propensity towards worse cardiovascular outcomes, refined strategies are needed to better identify the high-risk female cardiovascular phenotype.
Objectives This article aims to assess sex-specific links between inflammatory processes and the development and progression of ischemic heart disease.
Patients and Methods The relationship between vertebral bone marrow metabolism—a marker of inflammation—and myocardial injury was retrospectively assessed in 294 patients (28.6% women, mean age: 66.9 ± 10.0 years) who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and 99mTc-tetrofosmin single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI).
Results A significant increase in 18F-FDG bone marrow uptake was observed in women with impaired myocardial perfusion (SPECT-MPI) as compared to women with normal myocardial perfusion (standardized uptake value [SUV]: 2.2 ± 1.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.013), while no such difference was observed in men (SUV: 1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4, p = 0.372). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and bone marrow metabolism was seen in women (r = –0.229, p = 0.037), but not in men (r = –0.075, p = 0.289). Accordingly, in women, but not in men, bone marrow activity was identified as an independent predictor of both, reduced LVEF (β-coefficient, –4.537; p = 0.040) and impaired myocardial perfusion (β-coefficient, 0.138; p = 0.014).
Conclusion A strong link between bone marrow metabolism and impaired myocardial function and perfusion was observed in women, but not in men. Our data suggest that novel biomarkers of inflammation might help to identify women at risk for ischemic cardiomyopathy and to tailor disease management to the female cardiovascular phenotype.
Disorders Involving a Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal: A Case Series
Authors: Poonia Seerat K. , Cazzador Diego , Kaufman Adam C. , Kohanski Michael A. , Kuan Edward C. , Tong Charles C. L. , Carlson Roy D. , Borsetto Daniele , Emanuelli Enzo , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives A persistent craniopharyngeal canal (CPC) is a rare embryologic remnant that presents as a well-corticated defect of the midline sphenoid body extending from the sellar floor to the nasopharynx. Our case series aims to describe three unique presentations of this congenital anomaly and their subsequent management.Design Retrospective review.Setting Tertiary academic medical center.Participants Patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal surgical repair of a CPC lesion.Main Outcome Measures Resolution of symptoms and surgical outcomes.Results A total of three patients were identified. The clinical presentation varied, however, all cases prompted further imaging which demonstrated a persistent CPC and associated pathologic lesion. The presentation of a persistent CPC with nasal obstruction and subsequent iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leak as in Case 1 demonstrates the importance of imaging in this work-up. Cases 2 and 3 in the series were representative of the larger subset of patients in the literature who present with the defect incidentally but still warrant surgical management. Nonetheless, a standard approach to diagnosis with preoperative imaging and subsequent transnasal endoscopic repair of the skull base defect was undertaken.Conclusion The persistent CPC is a rare congenital anomaly associated with diverse pathology and careful review of preoperative radiology is critical to the management. When warranted, subsequent surgical repair and reconstruction is associated with excellent postoperative outcomes.
Prescribing Patterns of Continuous Infusions in Nonobese versus Obese Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Johnson Peter N. , Stephens Katy , Barker Philip , Bergeron Erica , Lim Sin Yin , Hagemann Tracy M. , Lewis Teresa V. , Neely Stephen , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis retrospective study compared the continuous infusions prescribed for obese and nonobese children. Ninety-five (13.2%) received an infusion. A greater percentage of obese (n = 42/168) versus nonobese (53/552) children received infusions, p < 0.01. No difference was noted in the median number of infusions between the obese and nonobese groups, 2 versus 2, p = 0.975. The top 20 prescribed infusions included ten (50%) for sedation/analgesia or neuromuscular blockade and six (30%) for hemodynamic support. A literature search was performed for these 20 agents to determine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dosing in obese children and revealed six studies evaluating fentanyl (n = 2), midazolam (n = 1), and propofol (n = 3).
Potential Antimigraine Effects of Warfarin: An Exploration of Biological Mechanism with Survey of Patients
Authors: Nilsson Benjamin , Back Valentina , Wei Ran , Plane Frances , Jurasz Paul , Bungard Tammy J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCase reports suggest a link between anticoagulant use and improved migraine symptoms, and a role for platelet-induced cerebral vasoconstriction in migraine pathobiology. Hence, we investigated the mechanism by which warfarin may affect migraine symptoms and whether there is a change in migraine symptomology in patients initiating oral anticoagulants, most commonly warfarin. The effects of warfarin on human platelet aggregation and secretion as well as platelet-induced rat cerebral artery vasoconstriction were studied. A survey of migraine and symptom change after starting or stopping oral anticoagulants was also conducted. Warfarin inhibited platelet aggregation and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Warfarin-inhibited platelet secretion products constricted middle cerebral arteries from male but not from female rats. For the survey, patient demographic information, migraine and medical history, and Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) changes were collected. Out of 175 consenting, 40 respondents met the criteria for migraine and completed the survey. A total of 11 patients reported migraine symptom change, all coinciding with starting warfarin. Of those having symptom and MIDAS improvement, most were female with migraines with aura, whereas those worsening were male with fewer having migraine with aura. Of those reporting migraine symptom change with warfarin, female sex may be associated with improved MIDAS, and those experiencing an aura component are more likely to report a symptom change. Warfarin-mediated symptom improvement in females may occur due to inhibition of platelet 5-HT secretion and a lower sensitivity of female cerebral blood vessels to platelet-derived 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction.
Unified cochlear model for low- and high-frequency mammalian hearing
Authors: Sasmal Aritra , Grosh Karl 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Developing a mathematical model that predicts the response of the cochlea over the entirety of the cochlear spiral has been an outstanding challenge in the field. Without such a model, an accurate representation of interactions occurring inside the cochlea in response to complex signals like speech sounds or tone combinations that evoke clinically relevant otoacoustic emissions is impossible. We show that incorporation of the taper of the cochlear ducts and macro- and microscale fluid viscosity along with the subtle change of the intricate cochlear cytoarchitecture into a mechano-electric–acoustic model provide the key ingredients to represent the mechanical and neural tuning from the base to the apex of the cochlea.
Environment-to-phenotype mapping and adaptation strategies in varying environments
Authors: Xue BingKan , Sartori Pablo , Leibler Stanislas 
Published: June 2019

Significance
A fundamental difference between living and nonliving systems is that organisms can evolve responsive adaptation to external conditions. We present a theoretical framework, which unifies different adaptation strategies encountered in biology. Central to our approach is the introduction of an environment-to-phenotype mapping describing how organisms’ traits or behavior depend on the environment. In contrast to commonly considered genotype-to-phenotype mapping, our approach emphasizes an evolutionary rather than mechanistic understanding of organisms. Our phenomenological model, inspired by artificial neural networks, also allows us to study the importance of the dimensionality of internal representations for the adaptation strategies.
The effect of task repetition on the patterns of interaction of ESL children
Authors: Azkarai Agurtzane , García Mayo María del Pilar , Oliver Rhonda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research on collaborative work has explored the benefits of task repetition (TR) for L2 development. TR has been claimed to improve L2 complexity, accuracy and fluency, provide opportunities for feedback, and increase learners’ engagement in their L2, as reported in studies that have explored patterns of interaction. Research on this topic, particularly that undertaken with EFL children as participants, has gained attention in recent years. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding the impact of TR on the patterns of interaction and on the opportunities to receive feedback for child ESL learners. The aim of the present study is to address this gap examining the interactions of 28 young ESL learners who completed the same spot-the-difference task twice within a 3-month time frame. The findings showed that the majority of pairs represented patterns of interaction with low levels of mutuality (i.e. engagement) and upon TR these patterns barely varied. However, regardless of learners’ patterns of interaction, these ESL learners provided feedback and negotiated during task-based interaction, especially the collaborative pairs.
Anisotropy of Gum Metal analysed by ultrasonic measurement and digital image correlation
Authors: Golasiński Karol , Pieczyska Elżbieta , Maj Michał , Mackiewicz Sławomir , Staszczak Maria , Kowalewski Zbigniew , Urbański Leszek , Zubko Maciej , Takesue Naohisa 
Published: June 2019

The mechanical anisotropy of a multifunctional titanium alloy, Gum Metal, is investigated in this paper. The structural characterisation showed a strong <110> texture for Gum Metal, that is a result of the cold-swaging process applied during its manufacture. Gum Metal was treated as a transversally isotropic solid because of this texture. A significant difference from Young's moduli of the alloy was detected from the ultrasonic measurement of parallel and perpendicular directions to the alloy swaging direction. Samples of Gum Metal cubes were compressed in two different orientations. During the deformation process, two perpendicular walls of each sample were monitored by two visible range cameras for further two-dimensional digital image correlation analysis, this confirmed a strong plastic anisotropy in Gum Metal. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on The Crystallographic Aspects of Metallic Alloys.
Impact of Gobal Climate Change on the Dynamics of Carbon Balance of Plant Communities in South Asia
Authors: Kurbatova A I , Tarko A M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Assessment of the status of ecosystems experiencing anthropogenic impact is based on the ability of plant communities in such ecosystems to withstand these disturbances or to mitigate their effects fast enough. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of global climate change on carbon balance of plant communities of South Asia. To achieve this objective, the spatial model of global carbon cycle developed by the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS CC) was used to calculate the impact of industrial CO2 emissions as well as the main causes of carbon losses in the investigated region (deforestation and soil erosion) on the dynamics of carbon accumulation in the humus and phytomass of forest ecosystems. India was selected as a model country to assess and compare the compensatory functions of plant communities. On the basis of the spatial mathematical model of the global carbon cycle in the biosphere, changes in CO emissions as a result of burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and soil erosion associated with improper land use in South Asia were estimated. The impact of deforestation and soil erosion on climate change in South Asia is forecast up to the year 2060. A comparison of regulatory functions of different types of plant communities was performed for the study area. The calculations data revealed some regularities occurring in the ecosystems of South Asia under the impact of CO2 emissions, deforestation, and soil erosion due to improper land use. Mathematical modelling has shown the dependence of growth of humus and phytomass of vegetation on the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Quantitative forecast of the dynamics of the ecosystem characteristics of plant communities depending on the growing region has been performed.
Development of the Express Method for Controlling Uranium Compounds in Natural Waters in Emergency Situations on Floating Nuclear Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Kulinkovich A V , Sakova N V , Tumanov A Yu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The urgency ofdeveloping an express method for controlling uranium compounds in natural waters is established. Methods for determining uranium in environmental objects are considered and the inability touse them for express controlling of natural waters directly at the site of an accident is emphasized. The analysis of literature sources indicating the presence of associated states in water has been carried out. It is pointed out that in the presence of variable valence metals in aqueous solutions, conditions arise for phase reconstruction in associated states of water, where there is a local change in the dielectric and chemical parameters accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species. At the same time, the analysis of known methods of photochemical, radiation-chemical and catalyticgeneration of oxygen radical forms shows their endothermic character, and the reaction of direct oxidation of water is extremely difficult because of the high energy barrier and high activation energy of this reaction. The task for carrying out a research to develop an express method for controlling uranyls in water is outlined.
Traffic Safety Assessment in Water Area
Authors: Grinyak V M , Devyatisilnyi A S , Ivanenko Y S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the navigational safety of marine traffic. It examines the problem of determining the degree of danger of traffic scheme employed in a certain water area. The most important factor determining the safety of traffic in the water area is frequency of dangerous approaches. Metric of this or that sections of the water area is suggested to be introduced as one of possible variations based on a number and localization of closest points of approach. Specialized Internet resources of free access are used as a source of trajectory data. Your attention is called to traffic modeling technique based on reducing global geographical coordinates to local rectangular and piecewise-linear interpolation. It is shown that despite inaccuracy of initial navigational data and frequency limitation of received information, there is a possibility to create a stable picture(image) of dangerous sections of dangerous sections of water areas. The work is accompanied with the results of the study made on location. Estimation analysis of danger to traffic in the waters of the Inner Sea of Japan has been presented.
Studying the Effect of High Molecular Flocculants on Separation of Distillation Suspension - the Main Waste of Soda Ash Production
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Distillation suspensionis a volumetric waste of soda ash production by the ammonia method which is discharged into sludge collectors(so-called “white seas”) occupying hundreds of hectares of land and requiring large investment costs for their construction and maintenance. In order to reducethe volumeof this waste, a method of filtering the distillation suspension is offered which results in formation of a clarified liquid and a solid part (cake).
The effect of high molecular flocculants on the settlingacceleration of solid part ofdistillation suspension is studied. To make a comparative analysis of various flocculants during the precipitation of solid part of distillation suspension, laboratory tests were conducted. For the experiments, the following flocculants were used: Praestol, Flopam, and Besflock.
In laboratory experiments, 1% solutions of flocculants were used which were subsequently diluted to the desired concentration. Proceeding from the results of laboratory tests, it was shown that the effect of flocculants on the settling process acceleration of solid part of distillation suspension was different.
Thus, it is established that the use of flocculants can be recommended to intensify the separation process of the solid part of distillation suspension - the main waste of soda ash production.
Designing a Control System for Underground Water Intakes
Authors: Malkov A V , Pershin I M , Pomelyayko I S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The hydrolytosphere as a multicomponent system is very complex in its structure. Management of hydrolysis processes involves consideration of three aspects: improving the methods for determining the parameters of hydraulic communication of aquifers, capacitive and filtration properties; improvement of methods for constructing mathematical models; development and improvement of principles and methods for constructing control systems for hydrolytospheric processes. It is known that mathematical models describing hydrolithospheric processes, as a rule, do not have an analytical solution. To describe the dynamic characteristics of the object under consideration, the structure of a non-standard approximating link is considered. The technique for determining the parameters of the link in question is used to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of the “production well-formation” process. The distributed hydrolithospheric process and the concentrated, scalar effect on this process are considered. The input influence on the control object is the production well output, the output function is the deviation of the level at the well sampling point. The parameters of the approximating link can be calculated either using the results of the experiment at the working well or using the simulation results of the process under consideration.