bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Desulfurizer Recycling during Spent Lead–Acid Batteries Paste Disposal by Zero‐Carbon Precursor Hypothermic Smelting
Authors: Li Fei , Zhu Neng‐Wu , Xi Yun‐Hao , Xiong Wu‐Wan , Ruan Ju‐Jun , Wei Xiao‐Rong , Guo An‐Qi , Chen Yi‐Jun , Wu Ping‐Xiao , Dang Zhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecycling of spent lead‐acid batteries (LABs) is extremely urgent in view of environmental protection and resources reuse. The current challenge is to reduce high consumption of chemical reagents. Herein, a closed‐loop spent LABs paste (SLBP) recovery strategy is demonstrated through Na2MoO4 consumption‐regeneration‐reuse. Experimental and DFT calculations verify that MoO42− competes Pb/Ca ions and weakens the metal‐oxygen bond of PbSO4/CaSO4.2H2O in SLBP, facilitating PbMoO4/CaMoO4 formation and 99.13 wt% of SO42− elimination. Pb of 99.97 wt% is obtained as zero‐carbon precursors (PbO2 and PbMoO4) by green leaching coupled with re‐crystallization. The regeneration of Na2MoO4 is realized at 600 ℃ using LABs polypropylene shells and NaOH as reagents. Compared with the traditional smelting technologies, the temperature is reduced from ＞1000 to 600 °C. The extraction of Na2MoO4 require only water, and satisfactory re‐used desulfurization efficiency (98.67 wt%) is achieved. For the residual Na2MoO4 after first SLBP desulfurization, the desulfurization efficiency remains above 97.36 wt% after adding fresh reagents for two running cycles. The new principle enables the reuse of 99.83 wt% of Na2MoO4 and the recycling of 95.27 wt% of Pb without generating wastewater and slags. The techno‐economic analysis indicates this strategy is efficient, economical, and environmentally‐friendly.
Unlocking the Full Redox Capability of Organic Charge‐Transfer Complex in High‐Loading Electrodes for Organic Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lee Sechan , Kim Jihyeon , Hong Jihyun , Kang Kisuk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic charge‐transfer complex (OCTC) comprising redox‐active donor and acceptor molecules is a promising electrode material group, potentially resolving issues of low power and inferior cycle stability of organic electrodes in rechargeable batteries. Strong intermolecular interactions in OCTC such as π–π interaction and hydrogen bonding enable high electronic conductivity and suppress solubility to solvents. However, full redox activities of OCTC have not been achieved yet despite the inherent redox capabilities of respective donor and acceptor molecules. Here, it is revealed that the limited redox activities of OCTC stem from electrolyte‐incorporated complex formation, which weakens the characteristic intermolecular interactions, thereby hindering the redox reaction, particularly in Li‐based electrolytes. It is further shown that tailoring electrolyte types, specifically using Zn‐aqueous electrolytes, can substantially mitigate the complex formation and unlock the four‐electron redox activity of OCTC (phenazine (PNZ)‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), that is, PNZ–TCNQ), with superior cycle stability retaining 88% of maximum capacity over 100 cycles. Surprisingly, the full redox reaction achieves an unprecedentedly high electrode‐level energy density, delivering ≈10 mAh cm−2 of areal capacity (580 µm‐thick electrodes) in Zn‐aqueous batteries. The findings elucidate the complex interplay between organic electrodes and electrolytes in the charge storage mechanism, highlighting the importance of electrolyte design in developing organic electrode materials.
Effects of opening a vertical care area on emergency medicine resident clinical experience
Authors: Tsyrulnik Alina , Rothenberg Craig , Sun Wendy W. , Venkatesh Arjun , Coughlin Ryan F. , Goldflam Katja , Sangal Rohit B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChallenging clinical environments faced by emergency departments (EDs) have led to operational changes including implementation of vertical care units and fast‐track units. Little is known regarding the impact of such units on resident physician clinical education.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was performed at an urban quaternary care ED evaluating the effect of opening a vertical care unit with a triage physician directing lower acuity patients to be seen by physician associates (PAs)/advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) on the following parameters: (1) percentage of patients seen by residents, (2) Emergency Severity Index (ESI) of patients seen by residents, (3) number of procedures performed by residents, (4) number of patients per shift seen by residents, (5) percentage of critical care patients seen by residents, and (6) percentage of behavioral health patients seen by residents.ResultsComparing the implementation of the vertical care unit to the prior 3 months, postgraduate year (PGY)‐1 residents had greater exposure to ESI Levels 1 and 2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.15) and more critical care (OR 2.58). PGY‐2 and PGY‐3 residents had a lower exposure to ESI 1 and 2 patients (PGY‐2 OR 0.63, PGY‐3 OR 0.61) and less critical care exposure (OR 0.64 for PGY‐2 and OR 0.62 for PGY‐3) after implementation. PGY‐1 residents saw fewer behavioral health patients (OR 0.65) while the other two classes saw more (PGY‐2 OR 1.64, PGY‐3 OR 2.74). ESI 4 and 5 exposure decreased for all classes (PGY‐1 OR 0.15, PGY‐2 OR 0.86, PGY‐3 OR 0.72). No significant difference was found in the proportion of patients treated by residents (p = 0.85) or the number of procedures performed by residents (p = 0.25) comparing the implementation of a vertical care unit to the prior 3 months.ConclusionsThis study suggests no detrimental effects of vertical care unit implementation on multiple resident education outcomes including the number and acuity level of patients seen as well as procedure numbers of resident trainees. While the outcomes measured did not show significant negative effect for the resident compliment as a whole, we noted changes to the distribution of patient acuity based on PGY level. Similar assessments are recommended to determine the educational impact of comparable operational changes in other EDs.
Quantitative Analysis of the Carpal Tunnel and Its Inner Structures in Primates
Authors: Rodríguez Patrícia , Casado Aroa , Ciurana Neus , García Marcel , Pastor Francisco , Potau Josep Maria 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo explore the anatomical factors potentially involved in the high incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in humans, we have quantified the anatomical variations of the carpal tunnel and its inner structures in humans, non‐hominoid primates (monkeys), and hominoid primates (apes). In specimens of six humans, eight monkeys, and three apes, we assessed the size of the carpal tunnel, the tendons of the digit flexor muscles, and the median nerve. We compared the size of the carpal tunnel normalized by the wrist size, and the size of the median nerve and the tendons of the digit flexors normalized by the size of the carpal tunnel. Differences between humans and monkeys were calculated using the T test or Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate. Data on the apes were not included in the statistical analyses due to the small sample size. The normalized size of the carpal tunnel was similar in all specimens. The normalized size of the tendons of the digit flexors was smaller in humans, while that of the median nerve was significantly larger. The median nerve was also larger in apes than in monkeys. The relatively larger median nerve observed in humans could suggest a greater vulnerability of the nerve to compression, which could predispose humans to carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the tendons of the digit flexor muscles were smaller in humans, and moreover, the proportional size of the median nerve was similar in apes, leading us to suggest that the factors predisposing humans to carpal tunnel syndrome must be sought beyond anatomical features and may be more closely related to functional or personal parameters.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Functionalization of Arenes with Vinyl Cations
Authors: Weng Chen‐Yong , Liu Li‐Gao , Sun Miao , Lu Xin , Hong Xin , Ye Long‐Wu , Zhou Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAxially chiral tetrasubstituted alkenes are of increasing value and interest in chemistry‐related areas. However, their catalytic asymmetric synthesis remains elusive, owing to the high steric repulsion and relatively low conformational stability. Herein, we disclose the straightforward construction of atropisomeric tetrasubstituted alkenes by effective enantiocontrol in a reaction with vinyl cation intermediates. This copper‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp2)‐H functionalization of sterically hindered (hetero)arenes with vinyl cations enables the efficient and atom‐economical preparation of axially chiral acyclic tetrasubstituted styrenes and pyrrolyl ethylenes with high atroposelectivities. Importantly, this reaction represents the first example of the assembly of axially chiral alkenes via vinyl cations. Computational mechanistic studies reveal the reaction mechanism, origin of regioselectivity, Z/E selectivity and enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated by diverse product derivatizations, chiral organocatalyst synthesis, as well as further applications in asymmetric catalysis.
Predictive control of interconnected fractional‐order systems with communication delays: An application for load frequency control of power system
Authors: Mohammadikia Reza , Tavakoli‐Kakhki Mahsan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on constrained model predictive control (CMPC) problem for interconnected fractional‐order systems (IFOS). Communication delays and imposed disturbances are considered in the design procedure of the control system. The dynamic equations of the IFOS are reformulated to handle the interaction delays and to obtain a model for the overall system. Then, a constrained model predictive controller is designed for the input and output (I/O) oriented model of the IFOS. To solve this control problem, a quadratic programming algorithm is utilized to obtain the optimal solution. Since most of the power systems exhibit an interconnected structure and consist of several subsystems, this study considers the load frequency control (LFC) problem for an interconnected fractional‐order power system in the presence of communication delays to evaluate the proposed technique. Numerical simulations are provided for two different cases, and the results are reported.
A Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Methylophiopogonanone A in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Hao Yanling , Xie Yanzheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMethylophiopogonanone A (MOA) is one of the homoisoflavonoids isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus, which has been demonstrated to have extensive pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of MOA in rat plasma. Methylophiopogonanone B (MOB) was used as internal standard. After precipitation with acetonitrile, the samples were separated using a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column with 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Mass detection was monitored using multiple reactions monitoring mode with precursor‐to‐product ion transition of m/z 343.2 > 135.1 for MOA and m/z 329.2 > 121.1 for internal standard. The assay showed good linearity over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient > 0.997. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Acetonitrile‐mediated precipitation showed high extraction efficiency (> 80%). The accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits. MOA was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested storage conditions. After validation, the proposed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of MOA in rat plasma, and the data revealed that MOA showed rapid absorption and elimination from rat plasma. The oral bioavailability of MOA in rat was 24.5%.
The Political Glass Cliff: When Ethnic, Racial and Immigration Minority Participants Choose Minority Candidates for Hard‐To‐Win Seats
Authors: Aelenei Cristina , Assilaméhou‐Kunz Yvette , Iacoviello Vincenzo , Kulich Clara 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAtypical political candidates, such as those from ethnic, racial and immigration (ERI) minorities (vs. majority), are more likely to be chosen for hard‐to‐win seats than easy‐to‐win seats, a phenomenon known as the political glass cliff. This research aimed to uncover how the ERI status of decision makers played a role in this process. We hypothesised the emergence of a glass cliff pattern, that is, the preference for an ERI minority candidate over an ERI majority candidate for a hard‐to‐win seat, particularly among ERI minority participants, which are likely to perceive greater electoral potential in the ERI minority candidate compared to majority participants. Across two scenario‐based experiments (Study 1: N = 264; Study 2: N = 375), ERI minority and majority participants played the role of political party leaders and made decisions regarding candidate nominations either in easy‐to‐win or in hard‐to‐win electoral districts. In Study 1, ERI minority participants, but not ERI majority participants, were more likely to choose an ERI minority (vs. majority) candidate for hard‐to‐win seats. Moreover, ERI minority participants made stronger attributions of change potential, competence and communion to ERI minority (vs. majority) candidates, suggesting that intra‐minority solidarity could play a role in their choice. Although this result did not replicate in Study 2, exploratory analyses revealed a consistent glass cliff pattern among ERI minority men in both studies. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Volatile Component Profiles of Propolis From Eight Turkish Regions
Authors: Baştürk Ayhan , Yavaş Berfin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the volatile component profiles and antioxidant activities of propolis samples collected from eight regions of Türkiye. The total phenolic content of propolis samples was found to vary between 5333 and 36967 mg GAE/100 g. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the samples varied from 10.9% to 92.2%, while 2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical scavenging activity varied from 193.8 to 1026.0 µmol Trolox/g. Six of the eight samples exhibited higher antioxidant activities than butylated hydroxytoluene. The predominant volatile components identified in the majority of the propolis samples were α‐pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene, α‐humulene, δ‐cadinene, isopentyl acetate, acetic acid, nonanal, m‐cymene, and pinocarvone. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to the GC–MS data to investigate the trends and clustering in the propolis samples. The propolis samples were divided into four groups using cluster analysis. In the PCA, the first two factors represented 56.39% of the variance. These findings revealed that Turkish propolis has significant antioxidant properties and also contains important volatile compounds. Consequently, Turkish propolis could be considered a potential candidate for incorporation into pharmaceutical and food products.
Terphenyl‐Ge as μ2‐Ge‐bis(hexahapto‐Trip) Bridging Ligand to Form a New Transition Metal‐Only Chelating Lewis Base
Authors: Manegold Johanna , Ebisch Adrian , Eichele Klaus , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTerphenylgermanium Ar*Ge [Ar*=C6H3(2,6‐Trip)2, Trip=2,4,6‐C6H2iPr3] was found to act as a novel μ2‐Ge‐bis(hexahapto‐Trip) bridging ligand. Deprotonated terphenyl germanium trihydride [Li(thf)3][Ar*GeH2] (1) undergoes reductive elimination and transfer of hydrogen in reaction with dimeric [(COD)RhCl]2 to yield the dinuclear complex [Ar*GeRh(COE)RhCl(COD)] (2). Subsequent chloride abstraction from compound 2 using Na[BArF4] or Li[Al(OtBuF)4] results in the cationic complexes [Ar*GeRh(COE)Rh(COD)][WCA] (3) {WCA: [BArF4]− (ArF=C6H3–3,5‐(CF3)2), [Al(OtBuF)4]−}. Ligand exchange of olefin for CO yields the carbonyl complex [Ar*Ge(Rh(CO))2][BArF4] (4). In an alternative approach to the synthesis of carbonyl complex 4, [Li(thf)3][Ar*GeH2] (1) was treated with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 leading to the isolation of a hexanuclear rhodium cluster [(μ3‐Ar*Ge)2{Rh(CO)2}6(μ3‐H)2] (5) in reasonable yield. In reactions with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 or [Ph3PAuCl] complex 4 abstracts the chloride ligand and forms tetranuclear complexes featuring a GeRh3‐ or GeRh2Au‐rectangle, [Ar*GeCl(Rh3(CO)4)][BArF4] (6), or [Ar*GeCl{Rh2(CO)2}(AuPPh3)][BArF4] (7).
Efficient removal of tebuconazole from wastewater by zinc‐modified passion fruit peels: Adsorption behaviour and mechanism
Authors: Song Rui , Fei Yijue , Meng Zilin , Liu Binbin , Wang Baolong , Li Cong , Gao Haixiang , Lu Runhua , Zhou Wenfeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research, an effective adsorbent, ZnCl2‐modified biochar (Zn‐PFPB), was prepared from unprocessed passion fruit peel (PFP) for the removal of tebuconazole (TE) from wastewater. The synthesized Zn‐PFPB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption curves, and point of zero charge, which suggested that Zn‐PFPB had an amorphous structure and high porosity. Optimal TE removal occurred at pH 2 with an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g L−1. The kinetics of the adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order model while the isotherm model used was the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 201.32 mg g−1 for TE. The adsorption mechanisms were pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π‐π interactions, and surface complexation. Importantly, Zn‐PFPB maintained removal efficiency of more than 65% over a broad pH range (2–10), which can be considered as a promising candidate for practical applications. The regeneration rate of Zn‐PFPB was determined to be 70% after the third cycle when using 1 mol L−1 NaOH. The cost analysis showed a fabrication cost of $5.093/kg for Zn‐PFPB. Batch mode scale‐up design showed that 18 g of Zn‐PFPB can remove 95% TE from 50 L of wastewater containing 50 mg L−1 TE. This work proposes a new, economical, and eco‐friendly way of managing agricultural waste in wastewater treatment and soil management.
On the stability of Runge–Kutta methods for arbitrarily large systems of ODEs
Authors: Tadmor Eitan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove that Runge–Kutta (RK) methods for numerical integration of arbitrarily large systems of Ordinary Differential Equations are linearly stable. Standard stability arguments—based on spectral analysis, resolvent condition or strong stability, fail to secure the stability of RK methods for arbitrarily large systems. We explain the failure of different approaches, offer a new stability theory based on the numerical range of the underlying large matrices involved in such systems, and demonstrate its application with concrete examples of RK stability for hyperbolic methods of lines.
Perturbational and Variational Energy Decomposition Analysis on Hydrogen Bonds of Coordinated Glycine and Water Molecule
Authors: Zrilić Sonja S. , Ninković Dragan B. , Etinski Mihajlo , Zarić Snežana D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThree types of hydrogen bonds of coordinated glycine and water had been investigated: NH/O of α‐amino group, O1/HO involving oxygen coordinated to the metal ion (O1), and O2/HO involving α‐carbonyl oxygen (O2). Various glycine complexes were investigated: octahedral cobalt(III) and nickel(II), square pyramidal copper(II), and square planar copper(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) complexes. Nature of these three hydrogen bond types was analyzed using symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and variational energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method (TPSS−D3/def2‐TZVPP). The results of the EDA decomposition are in good agreement with the reliable SAPT2+3/def2‐TZVPP and its total interaction values with CCSD(T)/CBS energies. Electrostatic interaction is generally the dominant attractive energy term in most of the interactions, followed by orbital relaxation, and lastly dispersion as the weakest. We compared EDA results of various complexes to determine the effects of complex charge, metal oxidation, coordination, and atomic number on the energy decomposition terms. The complex charge influences the values of decomposition terms the most, followed by metal oxidation and coordination number, while atomic number effects them the least. All complex and metal changes have a more significant effect on the results of NH/O and O1/HO than O2/HO interactions, due to its location further away from the metal ion.
Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on the pursuit of SDGs: Evidence from European state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Spagnuolo Flavio , Casciello Raffaela , Martino Ilaria , Meucci Fiorenza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of European state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), this study examines whether the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) facilitates the pursuit of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and how this relationship varies across the 17 individual SDGs. Results from panel and logistic regression models reveal a statistically significant positive association between AI adoption and SDGs pursuit. Additionally, the findings suggest that AI primarily supports environmental SDGs, with a more limited impact on societal and economic SDGs. The study offers practical implications for managers, investors, and policymakers. For managers, investing in AI may enhance corporate sustainability strategies. Investors with ethical concerns are encouraged to prioritize enterprises increasingly adopting AI. Finally, the study urges policymakers to explore new pathways that more effectively promote the pursuit of SDGs through AI.
Is Integrated Reporting still relevant for the capital markets? Evidence from a voluntary setting—The case of environmental and social sensitive European companies
Authors: Hurghiș Rareș , Tiron‐Tudor Adriana , Topor Dan Ioan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past two decades, Integrated Reporting (IR) has evolved into a consolidated global corporate reporting practice, used by financial analyst in evaluating companies. Considering the existing strong regulations on nonfinancial reporting for European companies, current study analyses the impact of voluntary IR adoption and implementation on the European capital markets, exploring also the presentation of which dimensions from the IR Framework have the highest impact on analyst forecasts. The study uses a balanced panel sample formed of 420 integrated reports for the 2013–2022 period issued by publicly listed environmental and social sensitive European companies from the IR Examples Database. IR adoption and implementation is measured through a previously validated Alignment Index Score. The results highlight that IR partially reduces the analyst forecast errors, the disclosed information on company governance, strategy and resource allocation being the most relevant elements for the analysts. Thus, IR remains partially relevant for European capital markets. Current research enriches existing knowledge by analysing the market‐level effects of IR adoption and implementation in a voluntary setting, focussing on sensitive industries. To the author's knowledge, this study examines the effects of IR over the longest duration, spanning from 2013 to 2022.