bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practitioner researcher’s opportunities and challenges in accessing interpretive case participants in a public healthcare setting
Authors: Doyle Louise 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to document the opportunities and challenges of a practitioner researcher in accessing interpretive case participants in the public healthcare sector in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper documents the research design and implementation phases of a longitudinal interpretive research project with specific focus on, research ethics, preparing for data collection, identifying and recruiting the research participants and analysis of the findings based on the specific nuances of the public health context and design considerations. Considerations as an insider researcher in a large public organisation are also presented.

Findings
Conducting interpretive research in a healthcare setting presents both opportunities and some challenges; key amongst these is agreed access to research participants. In addition, with research taking place in a healthcare environment, the potential for disclosure of information regarding something harmful to patients or of a criminal nature exists. This risk can be addressed through the ethical approval process documented in this paper. Insider researcher considerations are also explored focussing on the specific nuances affiliate to carrying out a longitudinal interpretive study in a public healthcare setting.

Research limitations/implications
Insights for those wishing to conduct longitudinal interpretive case research in the public healthcare setting are included. The implications for enhanced engagement with interpretive research in this context are addressed.

Originality/value
Through documenting the opportunities and challenges of a practitioner researcher in accessing research participants in the public healthcare sector, this paper discusses insider researcher considerations and seeks to address concerns in the literature regarding insufficient detail relating to interpretive research design and implementation in healthcare contexts.
A comparison of the marginal fit and mechanical properties of a zirconia dental crown using CAM and 3DSP
Authors: Hsu Huang-Jan , Lee Shyh-Yuan , Jiang Cho-Pei , Lin Richard 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis study aims to compare the marginal fit, flexural strength and hardness for a ceramic premolar that is constructed using dental computer aided machining (CAM) and three-dimensional slurry printing (3DSP).Design/methodology/approachDental CAM and 3DSP are used to fabricate a premolar model. To reduce the fabrication time for 3DSP, a new composition of solvent-free slurry is proposed. Before it is fabricated, the dimensions of the green body for the premolar model are enlarged to account for the shrinkage ratio. A two-stage sintering process ensures accurate final dimensions for the premolar model. The surface morphology of the green body and the sintered premolars that are produced using the two methods is then determined using scanning electronic microscopy. The sintered premolars are seated on a stone model to determine the marginal gap using an optical microscope. The hardness and the flexural strength are also measured for the purpose of comparison.FindingsThe developed solvent-free slurry for 3DSP can be used to produce a premolar green body without micro-cracks or delamination. The maximal marginal gap for the sintered premolar parts that are constructed using the green bodies from dental CAM is 98.9 µm and that from 3DSP is 72 µm. Both methods produce a highly dense zirconia premolar using the same sintering conditions. The hardness value for the dental CAM group is 1238.8 HV, which is slightly higher than that for the 3DSP group (1189.4 HV) because there is a difference in the pre-processing of the initial ceramic materials. However, the flexural strength for 3DSP is 716.76 MPa, which is less than the requirement for clinical use.Originality/valueThis study verifies that 3DSP can be used to fabricate a zirconia dental restoration device that is as good as the one that is produced using the dental CAM system and which has a marginal gap that is smaller than the threshold value. The resulting premolar restoration devices that are produced by sintering the green bodies that are produced using 3DSP and dental CAM under the same conditions have a similar hardness value, which is four times greater than that of enamel. The flexural strength of 3DSP does not meet the requirement for clinical use.
Rheological and printable behavior of resin – class materials for 3D printing applications
Authors: Shang Jianzhong , Li Xin , Wang Zhuo , Wang Rong , Zhu Hong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate rheological and extrusion behavior of thermosetting epoxy resins, which to find the universal property and printing parameters for extrusion-based rapid prototyping applications.

Design/methodology/approach
The thickener proportion greatly influences its viscosity and rheological behavior and therefore plays an important role in the shape of the cross-section of the extrudate.

Findings
A pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) is a basic requirement for obtaining extruded lines with plump cross-sections. In addition to the effects of the rheological behavior of the composite, shape maintenance and its wettability on the substrate, the cross-sectional geometry of the extrudate is also strongly affected by printing process parameters including the extrusion nozzle height, nozzle moving speed, extrusion rate and critical nozzle height. Proper combinations of these process parameters are necessary to obtain single-line extrudates with plump cross-sections and 3-D objects with dimensional accuracy, uniform wall thickness, good wall uprightness and no wall slumping. Formulas and procedures for determining these extrusion parameters are proposed and demonstrated in experiments.

Originality/value
The results obtained have been explained in terms of the interactions among the rheological properties of the composite, the shear rate imposed on the composite during extrusion, the wettability of the composite on the substrate and the shape maintenance of the composite during extrusion.
Envisioning a sustainable consumption future
Authors: Aitken Rob , Watkins Leah , Kemp Sophie 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand what a sustainable future would look like and the nature of the changes needed to achieve it. Continued reliance on economic growth to meet the demands of a growing population is unsustainable and comes at an unacceptable social and environmental cost. Given these increasing demands, radical changes to present practices of production and consumption are needed to enable a sustainable future.

Design/methodology/approach
To address this the projective technique of backcasting was used in a pilot study to explore student visions of a sustainable future. An integrative framework comprising housing, clothing, travel, leisure and food provided the structure for six focus group discussions.

Findings
Thematic analysis identified three key characteristics of a sustainable consumption future, namely, efficiency, sharing and community and three critical elements, namely, the role of government, education and technology, necessary for its achievement.

Research limitations/implications
Demonstrating the usefulness of backcasting will encourage its application in a wider range of consumption contexts with a broader range of participants. The vision of a sustainable future provides a blueprint that identifies its nature, and the basis upon which decisions to achieve it can be made.

Originality/value
The research introduces the technique of backcasting and demonstrates its usefulness when dealing with complex problems, where there is a need for radical change and when the status quo is not sustainable. Unexpectedly, results suggest a commitment to prosocial values, collaborative experience, collective action and the importance of community. Research and social implications demonstrating the usefulness of backcasting will encourage its application in a wider range of consumption contexts with a broader range of participants. The vision of a sustainable future provides a blueprint that identifies its nature, and the basis upon which decisions to achieve it can be made.
Do severe maternal morbidity and adequate prenatal care affect the delivery cost? A nationwide cohort study for 11 years with follow up
Authors: Nam JY , Cho E , Park EC 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo explore whether severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and adequate prenatal care (PNC) affect delivery cost.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study.SettingNational Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort in Korea.PopulationA total of 90 035 deliveries in 2003 and 2013.MethodsSevere maternal morbidity was determined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's algorithm. Delivery medical costs were calculated by estimating claimed total medical costs using year‐specific inflation adjustment factors. Adequate PNC was estimated by the Kessner Adequacy of Prenatal Care Index. To estimate adjusted mean delivery medical costs related to SMM, we applied a generalised estimating equation model with log link and γ distribution, by adjusting for all covariates.Main outcome measuresDelivery cost was calculated by estimating claimed total medical cost during delivery hospitalisation using year‐specific inflation.ResultsOf the 90 035 deliveries, 2041 (2.27%) involved SMM. Women with SMM had a greater adjusted mean cost of delivery (US$ 1,263, 95% CI US$ 1,196–1,334) than those without (US$ 740, 95% CI US$ 729–750). Interestingly, women who had inadequate PNC had higher delivery medical costs than those with adequate PNC, adjusted for all covariates.ConclusionDelivery involving SMM was associated with nearly doubled medical costs. Additionally, inadequate PNC increased the medical costs of delivery. The current study confirmed the burden of SMM and found that adequate PNC might be a useful preventive factor in reducing medical costs.Tweetable abstractWe found that women with severe maternal morbidity and inadequate prenatal care had increased medical costs during delivery hospitalisation.
JAK/STAT signaling in insect innate immunity
Authors: Bang In Seok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLack of an adaptive strategy to combat infection creates opportunities for the innate immune system to guide invertebrate defense mechanisms. The innate immunity signaling cascades in invertebrates are elaborate, complex, and pathogen‐specific. Among invertebrates, the most extended repertoire of molecules that function in the regulatory signaling pathways has been observed in insects. This is highlighted by the fact that antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production against pathogens is orchestrated through diverse immune pathways, either independently or through cross‐talk mechanisms. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway coordinates immune responses from cytokines and regulates multiple homeostasis mechanisms in the host. That pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory reactions. Many novel therapeutic interventions for tumors have been aimed at inhibitors of the JAK/STAT cascade. The regulatory pathway has much fewer components inDrosophila, and human homologs of almost all the critical pathway components and negative regulators have been identified. Loss‐of‐function mutation analysis and RNA interference‐based gene silencing modeling have produced functional characterization of the core components and negative regulators inDrosophila melanogaster,Aedes aegypti, andAnopheles gambiae, and in some hymenopteran and lepidopteran species. The genome‐wide analysis of the coleopteran species,Tribolium castaneumandTenebrio molitorhave been explored for elucidation of their JAK/STAT pathway regulatory components. Considering the promise of the JAK/STAT pathway in the mammalian model, the regulatory pathway in insects seems interesting especially for understanding pathogen surveillance mechanisms.
Use of red blood cells in Danish intensive care units: A population‐based register study
Authors: Jonsson Andreas Bender , Rygård Sofie Louise , Anhøj Jacob , Johansson Pär Ingemar , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) transfusion is common in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent trials have shown that a restrictive transfusion strategy is safe in most patients, and recent guidelines recommend such a strategy in most ICU patients. It is unknown if this has translated into a change in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based register study of RBC transfusions in ICUs in the Danish Capital Region between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2016 by linking data from the regional blood bank and the Danish Intensive Care Database. We used crude data and run‐ and control‐charts to analyse changes in the number of RBC transfusions.ResultsWe included 27 835 ICU admissions of which 6936 received 40 889 RBC units. The crude use was 36.2 RBC units per one‐hundred patient bed‐days in 2011 vs 29.8 in 2016. The run‐chart analysis did not confirm a change in the total use of RBC units in all ICUs combined, and we observed no change in the proportion of transfused patients or in the use of RBCs among transfused patients. Sensitivity analyses showed decreased use of RBC units in two general ICUs, and a reduced use of RBC units among medical ICU patients.ConclusionsIn this population‐based register study, we did not with certainty observe changes over time in the use of RBC transfusions in all patients in all ICUs in the Danish Capital Region. A reduction in RBC use may have occurred in some general ICUs and in medical ICU patients.
Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lewis C. , Roberts N. P. , Simon N. , Bethell A. , Bisson J. I. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether Internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (i‐CBT) is an effective treatment for those who meet diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodA systematic review was undertaken according to Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. The primary outcome measures were reduction in PTSD symptoms and drop‐out. Categorical outcomes were meta‐analysed as risk ratios (RRs) and continuous outcomes as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs).ResultsTen studies with 720 participants were included. Evidence showed that i‐CBT may be associated with a clinically important reduction in post‐treatment PTSD symptoms compared with wait list (SMD −0.60, 95% confidence interval −0.97 to −0.24; N = 560); however, only three studies reported follow‐up data, and there was no evidence to support the maintenance of symptom improvement at follow‐up of 3–6 months. There was no evidence of a difference in PTSD symptoms between i‐CBT and Internet‐delivered non‐CBT post‐treatment. There was evidence of greater treatment effect from trauma‐focused i‐CBT than i‐CBT without a trauma focus, as well as evidence that treatment effect was increased by the provision of guidance.ConclusionsWhile the review found some beneficial effects of i‐CBT for PTSD post‐treatment, the quality of the evidence was very low because of the small number of included trials and there was insufficient evidence to support the maintenance of improvement at follow‐up of 3–6 months. Further work is required to establish non‐inferiority to current first‐line interventions; to determine long‐term efficacy; to explore mechanisms of effect; and to establish optimal levels of guidance.
Ideology Justifies Morality: Political Beliefs Predict Moral Foundations
Authors: Hatemi Peter K. , Crabtree Charles , Smith Kevin B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMoral Foundations Theory (MFT) is employed as a causal explanation of ideology that posits political attitudes are products of moral intuitions. Prior theoretical models, however, suggest the opposite causal path, that is, that moral judgments are driven by political beliefs. In both instances, however, extant research has assumed rather than explicitly tested for causality. So do moral intuitions drive political beliefs or do political beliefs drive moral intuitions? We empirically address this question using data from two panel studies and one nationally representative study, and find consistent evidence supporting the hypothesis that ideology predicts moral intuitions. The findings have significant implications for MFT as a theory of ideology, and also about the consequences of political beliefs for shaping how individuals rationalize what is right and what is wrong.
The association of metabolic syndrome and QRS|T angle in US adults (NHANES III)
Authors: Delhey Leanna , Jin Jing , Thapa Susan , Delongchamp Robert , Faramawi Mohammed F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpatial QRS|T angle is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Those with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and spatial QRS|T angle.MethodsWe obtained data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III on 6,249 adults. We calculated spatial QRS|T angle from the standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram and classified it as abnormal, borderline, or normal. We identified metabolic syndrome if at least three of the following were present: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and impaired fasting glucose. We used weighted logistic regression to estimate the effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on QRS|T angle while stratifying by gender and adjusting for age, race, smoking status, heart rate, PR, QT, and QRS interval, and QRS amplitude.ResultsAmong men and women, metabolic syndrome, the number of components present, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose were positively associated with QRS|T angle. Among women, decreased HDL and abdominal obesity were also positively associated with QRS|T angle.ConclusionsThis study suggests that persons with metabolic syndrome may be at increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias. The use of spatial QRS|T angle to assess this cardiovascular risk is warranted.
Letter: mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , Amado Victor , de la Mata Manuel 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Grigg et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15253.
Letter: clinical outcomes after long‐term entecavir or tenofovir treatment in patients with hepatitis D and advanced fibrosis
Authors: Huang Rui , Wang Jian , Wu Weihua , Yan Xiaomin , Wu Chao 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Brancaccio et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15188.
Letter: pre‐operative anti‐TNF therapy in Crohn’s disease is not associated with increased complications following elective surgery. Authors' reply
Authors: Lin Yang‐Sheng , Chen Ming‐Jen , Lin Wei‐Chen , Wang Yuan‐Hung , Chen Chiehfeng 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin et al and Istl papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15184 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15374.
Letter: when to withhold anti‐TNF agents prior to abdominal surgery in patients with Crohn’s disease—the jury might still be out. Authors’ reply
Authors: Lin Yang‐Sheng , Lin Wei‐Chen , Chen Ming‐Jen , Wang Yuan‐Hung , Chen Chiehfeng 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lin et al and Gates papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15184 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15384.
Reply letter to “Editorial: bodybuilders beware”
Authors: Robles‐Diaz Mercedes , Medina‐Cáliz Inmaculada , Andrade Raúl J. , Lucena M. Isabel 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Robles‐Diaz et al and Feldman and Jacobson papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15211 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15270.
Real‐life study of safety of thiopurine‐allopurinol combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity rarely affect maintenance treatment
Authors: Kreijne Joany E. , de Veer Rozanne C. , de Boer Nanne K. , Dijkstra Gerard , West Rachel , Moorsel Sofia A. W. , de Jong Dirk J. , van der Woude C. Janneke , de Vries Annemarie C. ,   of the Dutch Initiative on Crohn, Colitis (ICC)
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundLow‐dose thiopurine‐allopurinol (LDTA) combination therapy is a commonly applied optimisation strategy in IBD patients with a skewed thiopurine metabolism.AimTo assess continued LDTA maintenance treatment at annual intervals and explore risk factors for treatment cessationMethodsAdult IBD patients treated with LDTA between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively included. Data on the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs), including hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity resulting in imposing LDTA therapy cessation and associated risk factors were collected.ResultsIn total, 221 IBD patients (46% male, median age 42 years) were included. Maintenance LDTA treatment was continued in 78% of patients at 1 year (n = 145), 66% at 2 years (n = 83), 57% at 3 years (n = 52) and 52% at 4 years (n = 33). Treatment in patients receiving LDTA therapy for AEs during thiopurine monotherapy was more often continued than in patients initiating LDTA for other indications (eg, ineffectiveness of thiopurine monotherapy, routinely discovered skewed metabolism) (P = 0.016). Myelotoxicity during thiopurine monotherapy resolved in 87% and hepatotoxicity in 86% after median of 1.2 and 1.4 months after LDTA initiation. Cumulative incidence of AEs during LDTA resulting in therapy cessation within total follow‐up of 449 treatment‐years was 7% for clinical AEs, 4% for myelotoxicity and 1% for hepatotoxicity.ConclusionLDTA therapy is a safe and beneficial optimisation strategy in IBD patients. Continued maintenance LDTA treatment is 52% after 4 years of treatment and most commonly affected by ineffectiveness of LDTA rather than LDTA‐attributed toxicity. LDTA optimisation strategy is most advantageous in patients failing thiopurine monotherapy due to AEs.
In the wake: Interpreting care and global health through Black geographies
Authors: Hirsch Lioba A. 
Published: July 2019

Building on Black geographies and Black studies, this paper offers critical theoretical reflections on global health interventions in postcolonial societies. Drawing on the work of Christina Sharpe, Katherine McKittrick, and Frantz Fanon I suggest that an epistemic approach rooted in Black studies can offer a novel approach to the study of global health interventions, one that centres Black life, which has long been the subject of colonial violence in medical emergencies. I argue that, given the past history of colonialism and medicine, such an approach is warranted if we seek to decolonise the study and practice of global health interventions. By offering what I call “geographies of the wake,” I focus on care's spatial and political entanglements with violence. I make mention of the initial refusal by Sierra Leoneans to seek care in Ebola Treatment Centres and Holding Units and illustrate the spatial aftermath of colonialism and slavery by offering a brief history of one site long associated with care. I ask that this be read as an analytical opening to, not a comprehensive explanation of, Black geographies, global health and medical care.