bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Irradiation Simultaneous Dual‐Modal Bioimaging Using Nanostructure Scintillators as Single Contrast Agent
Authors: Ju Qiang , Luo Shouhua , Chen Chunxiao , Fang Zhenlan , Gao Shengkai , Chen Gong , Chen Xueyuan , Gu Ning 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rising demand for clinical diagnosis tools has led to extensive research on multimodal bioimaging systems. Unlike single‐modal detection, multimodal imaging not only can provide both function and structure information but also can address the issue of sensitivity, depth, and cost. Despite enormous efforts, conventional step‐by‐step procedures for obtaining multimodal imaging pose a significant constraint on their practical applications. In this work, X‐rays as highly penetrating radiation is proposed as a single‐irradiation resource, while lanthanide‐based nanostructure scintillators are employed as the single contrast agent to attenuate and convert X‐rays, achieving computer tomography (CT) and optical dual‐modal imaging at the same time. In other words, CT and optical dual‐modal imaging are simultaneously produced via single radiation combined with single contrast agent. The function and structure information of targeted tumors in a mouse model can be clearly provided with large penetration and high sensitivity, indicating that this strategy is a simple but promising route for multimodal imaging of molecular disease and preclinical applications.
Impact of Hydrogel Elasticity and Adherence on Osteosarcoma Cells and Osteoblasts
Authors: Jiang Tongmeng , Xu Guojie , Chen Xiaoming , Huang Xianyuan , Zhao Jinmin , Zheng Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiochemical and physical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) control cell behaviors, but how they affect osteosarcoma cells that do not require attachment and their normal counterparts (osteoblasts) that are anchorage‐dependent has not been reported yet. In this study, the effects of matrix elasticity and adherence on osteosarcoma MG63 cells are investigated using four types of scaffolds (collagen type I, matrigel, alginate, and agarose) with varied adhesion ligands and rigidity, as compared with osteoblast hFOB1.19 cells. MG63 cells on 2D films are sensitive to ECM adherence, similar to the situation of hFOB1.19 cultured in both 2D and 3D. However, osteosarcoma cells in 3D hydrogels are sensitive to ECM elasticity rather than adherence, with tumor proliferation and malignancy varied with matrix rigidity. The results indicate that osteosarcomas cells might adopt unnatural characteristics on flat surfaces. But in 3D culture, they recover their normal state independent of adherence, as regulated mainly by ECM elasticity via the integrin‐mediated focal adhesion pathway, which is further confirmed by in vivo studies. In contrast, osteoblasts and 2D cultured osteosarcoma cells are predominantly influenced by ECM bioactivity regulated by integrin‐mediated adherens junction pathway. This study might provide new insights into rational design of scaffolds for tumor/tissue engineering.
Crafting Polymeric and Peptidic Hydrogels for Improved Wound Healing
Authors: Stern David , Cui Honggang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWound healing is a multifaceted biological process involving the replacement of damaged tissues and cellular structures, restoring the skin barrier's function, and maintaining internal homeostasis. Over the past two decades, numerous approaches are undertaken to improve the quality and healing rate of complex acute and chronic wounds, including synthetic and natural polymeric scaffolds, skin grafts, and supramolecular hydrogels. In this context, this review assesses the advantages and drawbacks of various types of supramolecular hydrogels including both polymeric and peptide‐based hydrogels for wound healing applications. The molecular design features of natural and synthetic polymers are examined, as well as therapeutic‐based and drug‐free peptide hydrogels, and the strategies for each system are analyzed to integrate key elements such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, stimuli‐responsiveness, site specificity, biodegradability, and clearance.
Encapsulated Cadmium Sulfide in Silicon Dioxide Porous Shells for Enhanced Photocatalytic Sustainability and Commendable Protection of Organic Carriers
Authors: Zhao Jian , Tian Shengnan , Shi Haiting , Quan Quan , Xiao Changfa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a solution to two troublesome problems on photocorrosion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and photocatalysis damage to organic carrier. An encapsulation system of CdS in silicon dioxide (SiO2) porous shell can be constructed by following strategies: polyporrole (PPy) layer is deposited on the surface of CdS nanoparticles via chemical redox polymerization; then the resulting PPy@CdS is covered by metasilicic acid (H2SiO3) with polyethylene glycol by sol–gel process, which originates from hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate; after removing PPy interlayers by calcination, CdS@void@SiO2 yolk–porous‐shell nanospheres (YSNs) are fabricated. As expected, YSN nanoarchitecture is verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The tailored void can be tuned by the sacrificed layers of PPy. CdS@void@SiO2 YSNs exhibit excellent photostability with a considerably low level of Cd2+ concentration at <30 ppm, which is dropped down 18 times less than ≈520 ppm of CdS. CdS@void@SiO2 YSNs show good dye removal efficiency up to 99.5%, and commendable hydrogen evolution of 126.8 µmol g−1 h−1. More interestingly, the transparent and porous SiO2 shell in the YSNs has an impressive shielding to organic carrier. Our versatile YSNs have great potential to translate CdS photocatalyst to industrial‐scale application because of its stability and nondestructivity.
van der Waals Layered Tin Selenide as Highly Nonlinear Ultrafast Saturable Absorber
Authors: Jhon Young In , Lee Jinho , Seo Minah , Lee Ju Han , Jhon Young Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSaturable absorbers (SAs) are materials that can generate ultrashort pulse lasers via mode locking due to optical absorption nonlinearity. Recently, layered 2D materials have gained increasing attention as next‐generation SAs. Layered transition‐metal monochalcogenides (TMMCs) can provide the source for a large family of 2D materials with broad chemical composition while exhibiting superior structural features for SA, but as far as it is known, none of these is studied for SA applications to date. Here, for the first time, the nonlinear optical absorption properties of SnSe which belongs to accordion‐like layered TMMCs are investigated along with in‐depth exploration of its laser mode‐locking performance. Notably, SnSe exhibits a highly nonlinear modulation depth of 7.1% and readily generates femtosecond pulse lasers with a duration of 610 fs at 1560 nm, whose combined performance surpasses that of any 2D‐material‐based SA established so far. Density functional theory calculations show that the bandgap of SnSe can greatly vary depending on layer thickness, indicating its broadband applicability. This study clearly shows that layered TMMCs hold great potential for advanced SAs, significantly extending the horizon of mode‐locking materials for innovative laser technologies.
On the Conversion of Bauxite Ores to Highly Activated Alumina Media for Water Remediation
Authors: Haddad Andrew Z. , Pilgrim Corey D. , Sawvel April M. , Hohman James Nathan , Gadgil Ashok J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGood quality drinking water is necessary to maintain a high quality of life. Millions lack access to clean and safe drinking water, and current trends suggest that billions will face acute water shortages in the coming decades. Development of new materials has led to technological impacts on water purification, from desalination membranes to atmospheric water scavenging. However, the most challenging aspect of technological solutions is cost: if the community being serviced cannot afford the solution, it is not likely to be sustainable. Repurposing Earth‐abundant materials to replace highly engineered solutions is an atractive solution. Herein, minimal processing of bauxite rocks produces a high‐porosity and reactive activated alumina in situ, without purification directly from the ore. This acid‐treated, thermally activated bauxite (ATAB) exhibits a high surface area of 401 ± 6 m2 g−1, a 40‐fold increase relative to its parent ore, and a 2× increase relative to the state‐of‐the‐art fluoride adsorbent, activated alumina. The composition, preparation, and mechanism of adsorption are studied by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and multiple‐quantum magic‐angle spinning 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The maximum adsorption density of ATAB is comparable with that of activated alumina, but ATAB requires fewer processing steps, thus warranting future consideration as a primary adsorbent of choice for fluoride removal from water.
Active Electrode Redox Reactions and Device Behavior in ECM Type Resistive Switching Memories
Authors: Lübben Michael , Valov Ilia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrochemical metallization cells rely on oxidation, reduction, and migration of metal cations in nanoscale thin films. The cations are typically provided by the oxidation of the active electrode. Commonly, Cu, Ag, or their compounds are used as electrodes for injecting cations into solid electrolytes, such as Ta2O5 or SiO2. However, the used criteria are mainly based on empirical knowledge. In this work, different materials (Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ta, Ti, V, and Zr) are investigated for active electrodes and their redox reactions are studied. It is found that the electrochemical behavior of the metals is crucial for the switching properties, as well as for filament stability and retention properties of the devices. The Gibbs free energy of formation of the cations is identified as crucial factor for selection criteria.
Controllable Perovskite Crystallization via Antisolvent Technique Using Chloride Additives for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel , Sponseller Melany , Osherov Anna , Bulović Vladimir , Kong Jing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe presence of surface and grain boundary defects in organic–inorganic halide perovskite films can be detrimental to both the performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the effect of chloride additives is studied on the bulk and surface defects of the mixed cation and halide PSCs. It is found that using an antisolvent technique, the perovskite film is divided into two layers, i.e., a bottom layer with large grains and a thin capping layer with small grains. The addition of formamidinium chloride (FACl) into the precursor solution removes the small‐grained perovskite capping layer and suppresses the formation of bulk and surface defects, providing a perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and large grain size of over 1 µm. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements show longer lifetimes for perovskite films modified by FACl and subsequently passivated by 1‐adamantylamine hydrochloride as compared to the reference sample. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that these treatments reduce the recombination in the PSCs, leading to a champion device with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.2%, an open circuit voltage of 1152 mV and negligible hysteresis. The Cl treated PSC also shows improved operational stability with only 12% PCE loss after 700 h under continuous illumination.
Physical activity in women of reproductive age in a transitioning rural Polish population
Authors: Lee Katharine M. N. , Rogers Mary P. , Galbarczyk Andrzej , Jasienska Grazyna , Clancy Kathryn B. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveHealth research often focuses on moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity while neglecting low‐intensity habitual activities. Our aim was to understand habitual physical activity in women from a transitioning economy using a physical activity monitor.MethodsThis study investigated physical activity in 68 healthy premenopausal women (age 18–46) in rural Poland using FitBit One activity trackers for 1 week. Standard anthropometric techniques were used to measure height, weight, and body fat. Daily physical activity data were analyzed for step counts as well as duration and intensity.ResultsThis sample of rural Polish women traveled a mean of 8428 (SD = 2650) steps per day. Time spent lightly active, fairly active, and very active were measured as 337.1 (SD = 87.8), 19.6 (SD = 30.5), and 6.7 (SD = 8.6) minutes per day, respectively. Total time active and time spent lightly active were associated with daily steps (P < 0.001 for both), and time lightly active increased with age (P = 0.02). No other significant relationships were observed between physical activity measures and BMI, age, or body fat.ConclusionsIn this sample, women spend a significant amount of time engaged in light‐intensity physical activity and travel a relatively high number of steps per day. Our data suggest that in this population, total daily activity does not depend on age in women between 18 and 46. We suggest that measurement methods which include low‐intensity activity may better characterize habitual physical activity in women who are expected to be performing large amounts of domestic labor.
The body center of mass in primates: Is it more caudal than in other quadrupedal mammals?
Authors: Druelle François , Berthet Mélanie , Quintard Benoît 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesWhole body center of mass (BCoM) position values are lacking for a comparative sample of primates. Therefore, it still remains unknown whether the BCoM in primates is more posteriorly located than in other mammals. The aim of the present report is to provide data for a large sample of primate species and to compare the position of the BCoM in primates to non‐primate mammals.Materials and methodsWe collected morphometrics on eight primate species belonging to various families: Hylobatidae (Nomascus grabriellae, Nomascus Siki), Cercopithecidae (Cercopithecus roloway, Cercopithecus lhoesti, Colobus guereza, Trachypithecus francoisi), Cebidae (Sapajus xanthosternos), and Atelidae (Ateles fusciceps). Using a geometric model, we assessed the position of the BCoM in a natural quadrupedal posture and in a control posture. To complete our comparative sample with a wider range of morphotypes, we added the data available in the literature for hominoids (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus, Hylobates lar) and another cercopithecoid species (Papio anubis). We also evaluated the phylogenetic signal of the position of the BCoM in primates.ResultsThe variation in the position of the BCoM in primates is very large, ranging from 40% of the distance between the hip and the shoulder in Ateles fusciceps to 63% in Hylobates lar. We observed a strong phylogenetic signal for this trait: hominoid species, as well as the baboon, have a cranial BCoM relative to the midline between the hip and the shoulder, arboreal cercopithecoids and the spider monkey have a caudal BCoM, and the capuchin monkey has a BCoM positioned at mid‐trunk. The variation observed in non‐primate quadrupedal mammals lies inside the variation range of primates, from 51% in Felis catus to 63% in Canis familiaris.DiscussionThe BCoM of primates is not more posteriorly located than in other quadrupedal mammals; however, there is a substantial range of variation in primates, from caudal (in arboreal quadrupeds) to cranial (in hominoids and terrestrial quadrupeds) positions. This variation is related to a phylogenetic model that suggests stabilizing selection for this trait. It seems that the BCoM position mostly depends of the size of the appendicular system (i.e., limbs) and the tail. Therefore, it may also reflect a general trend in quadrupedal mammals with arboreal species exhibiting a caudal BCoM and terrestrial species exhibiting a cranial BCoM. These results are discussed in the context of the locomotor evolution of primates including locomotor habits and gait mechanics. We also propose a new “passive” mechanism for the explanation of the particular weight support pattern observed in primates with tails.
Universal Anticancer Cu(DTC)2 Discriminates between Thiols and Zinc(II) Thiolates Oxidatively
Authors: Xu Luyan , Xu Jialin , Zhu Jingwei , Yao Zijian , Yu Na , Deng Wei , Wang Yu , Lin Bo‐Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAerobic organisms must rely on abundant intracellular thiols to reductively protect various vital functional units, especially ubiquitous zinc(II) thiolate sites of proteins, from deleterious oxidations resulting from oxidizing environments. Disclosed here is the first well‐defined model study for reactions between zinc(II) thiolate complexes and copper(II) complexes. Among all the studied ligands of copper(II), diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) displays a unique redox‐tuning ability that enables copper(II) to resist the reduction by thiols while retaining its ability to oxidize zinc(II) thiolates to form disulfides. This work proves for the first time that it is possible to develop oxidants to discriminate between thiols and zinc(II) thiolates, alluding to a new chemical principle for how oxidants, especially universal anticancer Cu(DTC)2, might circumvent the intracellular reductive defense around certain zinc(II) thiolate sites of proteins to kill malignant cells.
Interconversion of Phosphinyl Radical and Phosphinidene Complexes by Proton Coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Abbenseth Josh , Delony Daniel , Neben Marc C. , Würtele Christian , de Bruin Bas , Schneider Sven 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe isolable complex [Os(PHMes*)H(PNP)] (Mes*=2,4,6‐tBu3C6H3; PNP=N{CHCHPtBu2}2) exhibits high phosphinyl radical character. This compound offers access to the phosphinidene complex [Os(PMes*)H(PNP)] by P−H proton coupled electron transfer (PCET). The P−H bond dissociation energy (BDE) was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry and supporting DFT computations. The phosphinidene product exhibits electrophilic reactivity as demonstrated by intramolecular C−H activation.
Synthesis of Bisheteroarylalkanes by Heteroarylboration: Development and Application of a Pyridylidene–Copper Complex
Authors: Huang Yuan , Brown M. Kevin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of pyridylidene‐Cu‐complexes and their application in Cu/Pd‐catalyzed heteroarylboration of alkenylheteroarenes is reported. The significance of 1,1′‐heteroarylalkanes as building blocks for drug discovery, as well as the straightforward and modular sequence to prepare the pyridylidene‐Cu‐complexes, makes this catalyst and it applications attractive for chemical synthesis. Furthermore, chiral variants of the pyridylidene‐Cu‐complexes have been prepared and utilized in the enantioselective arylboration of E‐alkenes, further demonstrating the value and potential of this class of catalysts.
IDPi Catalysis
Authors: Schreyer Lucas , Properzi Roberta , List Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh acidity and structural confinement are pivotal elements in asymmetric acid catalysis. The recently introduced imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) Brønsted acids have met with remarkable success in combining those features, acting as powerful Brønsted acid catalysts and “silylium” Lewis acid precatalysts in numerous thus far inaccessible transformations. Substrates as challenging to activate as simple olefins were readily transformed, ketones were employed as acceptors in aldolizations allowing sub‐ppm level catalysis, whereas enolates of the smallest donor aldehyde, acetaldehyde, did not polymerize but selectively added a single time to a variety of acceptor aldehydes.
All‐Fullerene Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugates
Authors: Izquierdo Marta , Platzer Benedikt , Stasyuk Anton J. , Stasyuk Olga A. , Voityuk Alexander A. , Cuesta Sergio , Solà Miquel , Guldi Dirk M. , Martín Nazario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a covalent all‐fullerene C60‐Lu3N@Ih‐C80 electron donor–acceptor conjugate has been realized by sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides on Lu3N@Ih‐C80 and C60. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that two fullerenes behaving as both electron donor (Lu3N@Ih‐C80) and acceptor (C60) are forming an electroactive dumbbell. DFT calculations reveal up to 16 diastereomeric pairs, that is, 8 with syn and 8 with anti orientation, with the anti‐RSSS isomer being the most stable. Spectroelectrochemical absorption and femtosecond transient absorption experiments support the notion that a C60⋅−‐Lu3N@Ih‐C80⋅+ charge‐separated state is formed. Spin conversion from the charge‐separated singlet state C60⋅−‐Lu3N@Ih‐C80⋅+ into the corresponding triplet state is facilitated by the heavy‐atom effect stemming from the Lu3N‐cluster, which, in turn, slows down the charge recombination by one order of magnitude.
Pyrolysis model for multiple compositions of a glass reinforced unsaturated polyester composite
Authors: McKinnon Mark B. , Martin Geraldine E. , Stoliarov Stanislav I. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis work describes the application of a parameter determination methodology to complicated multicomponent systems with a focus on developing pyrolysis models that can predict fire response as a function of the material composition. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry, an absorption coefficient measurement, and radiation‐driven gasification experiments were conducted on fiberglass reinforced unsaturated polyester composites comprised of various ratios of matrix to reinforcement phases to fully parameterize the pyrolysis model. A single set of properties was defined for each of the reinforcement and matrix phases and the properties were validated against experimental data collected outside the model calibration conditions. This study demonstrated the ability of a pyrolysis model, parameterized through a systematic methodology, to produce pyrolyzate gas production rate predictions for the composites to within 20% of the experimental measurements and emphasized the implications for the use of pyrolysis models in the design of composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47697.