bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of intracoronary stent location and extension in intravascular ultrasound sequences
Authors: Balocco Simone , Ciompi Francesco , Rigla Juan , Carrillo Xavier , Mauri Josepa , Radeva Petia 
Published: November 2018

PurposeAn intraluminal coronary stent is a metal scaffold deployed in a stenotic artery during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In order to have an effective deployment, a stent should be optimally placed with regard to anatomical structures such as bifurcations and stenoses. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter‐based imaging technique generally used for PCI guiding and assessing the correct placement of the stent. A novel approach that automatically detects the boundaries and the position of the stent along the IVUS pullback is presented. Such a technique aims at optimizing the stent deployment.MethodsThe method requires the identification of the stable frames of the sequence and the reliable detection of stent struts. Using these data, a measure of likelihood for a frame to contain a stent is computed. Then, a robust binary representation of the presence of the stent in the pullback is obtained applying an iterative and multiscale quantization of the signal to symbols using the Symbolic Aggregate approXimation algorithm.ResultsThe technique was extensively validated on a set of 103 IVUS of sequences of in vivo coronary arteries containing metallic and bioabsorbable stents acquired through an international multicentric collaboration across five clinical centers. The method was able to detect the stent position with an overall F‐measure of 86.4%, a Jaccard index score of 75% and a mean distance of 2.5 mm from manually annotated stent boundaries, and in bioabsorbable stents with an overall F‐measure of 88.6%, a Jaccard score of 77.7 and a mean distance of 1.5 mm from manually annotated stent boundaries. Additionally, a map indicating the distance between the lumen and the stent along the pullback is created in order to show the angular sectors of the sequence in which the malapposition is present.ConclusionsResults obtained comparing the automatic results vs the manual annotation of two observers shows that the method approaches the interobserver variability. Similar performances are obtained on both metallic and bioabsorbable stents, showing the flexibility and robustness of the method.
Formabhängige Eigenschaften und kooperative Effekte
Authors: Polarz Sebastian , Boldt Klaus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Materialien aus anisotropen Nanoteilchen lassen sich richtungsabhängige Eigenschaften durch das Zusammenwirken der einzelnen Partikel bestimmen, etwa der Ladungsransport in CdSe‐Netzwerken oder Magnetismus in EuO‐Röhren. Dafür ist die Partikelform entscheidend. Sie lässt sich durch Additive wie Phosphonsäuren kontrollieren.
15 Sekunden ‐‐ die kanadische Wissenschaftsjournalistin Sarah Everts im Porträt
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Biochemikerin und Journalistin Sarah Everts ging im Jahr 2007 von Washington nach Berlin, um für US‐Leser über europäische Wissenschaft zu berichten. Nun verlässt sie Europa. Ein Rückblick auf Geschichten aus dem 20. Jahrhundert, über den ehemaligen Ostblock und deutsche Umgangsformen.
Nikotin geht ins Blut
Authors: Frank Hartmut , Engewald Werner 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGaschromatographie galt noch Ende der 1950er Jahre als ungeeignet für die Bioanalytik. Marjorie G. Horning und ihr Mann Evan entwickelten sie in den 1960er Jahren weiter und etablierten sie als eine leistungsfähige Methode für die biomedizinische Forschung. Marjorie Groothuis Horning, die im August ihren 101. Geburtstag feierte, untersuchte damit Stoffwechselprodukte und Arzneimittel im menschlichen Körper.
Eine Zahl für den Stellenwert von Forschung
Authors: Langhals Heinz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDas wissenschaftliche Echo auf Forschungsergebnisse im Lauf der Zeit lässt sich als Maß für die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung eines Forschungsgebiets auffassen. Dies zeigen die Beispiele des Wirkstoffs Azulen, des Farbstoffs Perylen und Fulleren, für welche die Datenbank Chemical Abstracts sowohl Folgepublikationen als auch Zitate erfasst. Ein Denkansatz ist, anhand dieser Daten ein Relevanzkriterium zu entwickeln.
Synthese im Blickpunkt: Durch aktive Template zu verzahnten Molekülen
Authors: Pairault Noel , Niemeyer Jochen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRotaxane und Catenane lassen sich inzwischen in guten Ausbeuten herstellen – auch wegen neuer Synthesestrategien wie der Active‐Template‐Methode. Diese nutzt Metalle wie Kupfer(I), und zwar nicht nur als Templatbildner, sondern auch als Katalysator.
Chemiedidaktik: Enzymkinetik mit dem Blutzuckermessgerät
Authors: Heinzerling Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Kinetik enzymatischer Reaktionen wird überwiegend mit photometrischen Messmethoden untersucht. Einfacher geht es mit Geräten für die medizinische Diagnostik, wie sie für insulinpflichtige Patienten zum Alltag gehört. Enzyme für solche Untersuchungen finden sich in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln.
LONGEVITY‐RELATED OPTIONS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY: A MICROSIMULATION APPROACH TO RETIREMENT AGE AND MORTALITY ADJUSTMENTS
Authors: Reznik Gayle L. , Couch Kenneth A. , Tamborini Christopher R. , Iams Howard M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider the distributional implications of Social Security policy changes in the context of increases in life expectancy and differential mortality. Using a robust microsimulation model, we examine how several options for raising the retirement age, including a scenario that applies a mortality adjustment in combination with such policies, affect different types of individuals and households. Policy changes are simulated for Social Security beneficiaries in 2030 using the Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) microsimulation model. The analysis shows that increasing either the age at which individuals receive their full retirement benefit alone or the early eligibility and full retirement ages together result in across‐the‐board reductions in benefit levels. The policies are projected to result in slightly higher poverty, but the expected rise is sharper among groups known to experience higher rates of mortality, as well as many disadvantaged groups. Analysis of a hypothetical adjustment to offset the historical impacts of differential mortality by lifetime earnings on lifetime benefit receipt, when combined with these retirement age increases, shows varied results. While some groups of individuals experience sharper reductions in median monthly benefits, the adjustment has an offsetting and protective effect for the benefits of disadvantaged groups when combined with options that would raise the retirement age. This combined package of policies, as well as simulations that incorporate a behavioral adjustment in benefit claiming ages, result in an increase of less than one percentage point in the average poverty rate.
Tumor cell heterogeneity and resistance; report from the 2018 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Den Robert B. , Carlo Maria I. , de Leeuw Renée , Hope Thomas A. , Karzai Fatima , McKay Rana R. , Salami Simpa S. , Simons Jonathan W. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe 2018 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, “Tumor Cell Heterogeneity and Resistance,” was held in Los Angeles, California from June 21 to 24, 2018.MethodsThe CHPCA Meeting is a unique, discussion‐oriented scientific conference convened annually by the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF), which focuses on the most critical topics in need of further study to advance the treatment of lethal prostate cancer. The 6th Annual CHPCA Meeting was attended by 70 investigators and concentrated on prostate cancer heterogeneity and treatment resistance.ResultsThe meeting focused on topics including: recognition of tumor heterogeneity, molecular drivers of heterogeneity, the role of the tumor microenvironment, the role of heterogeneity in disease progression, metastasis and treatment resistance, clinical trials designed to target resistance and tumor heterogeneity, and immunotherapeutic approaches to target and overcome tumor heterogeneity.DiscussionThis review article summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2018 CHPCA Meeting in order to share this knowledge with the scientific community and encourage new studies that will lead to improved treatments and outcomes for men with prostate cancer.
Coaching on Borrowed Time: Balancing the Roles of the Literacy Professional
Authors: Pletcher Bethanie C. , Hudson Alida K. , John Lini , Scott Alison 
Published: November 2018

AbstractServing both teachers and students in a hybrid literacy professional role requires thoughtful planning and reflection. In this article, the authors reflect on their work over the course of one school year to determine how to manage time effectively to combine the job descriptions of reading specialist and literacy coach. Strategies are presented for each of the following topics that emerged as a result of these reflections: sticking to a schedule while remaining flexible, seeking topic choices that balance different needs, starting small by coaching a few teachers at a time, using expert teachers, holding brief but effective coaching conversations, and seeking support for coaching.
Exploiting wind profiler information
Authors: Hisscott Alan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere exists a network of wind profilers at locations across the British Isles and Europe which continuously provide wind information throughout the lower atmosphere, primarily for assimilation into numerical forecast models. However, the algorithms used for processing the profiler signals also provide secondary data: the virtual vertical velocity and signal‐to‐noise ratio. One of the UK Met Office profilers is installed close to the Isle of Man Met Office at Ronaldsway Airport. The primary and secondary data from this profiler have been used to analyse several meteorological phenomena that occurred around the Isle of Man.
Parental conflicts and materialism in adolescents: Emotional insecurity as a mediator
Authors: Ching Boby Ho‐Hong , Wu Xiaohan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis longitudinal study investigated whether and how parental conflicts contributed to adolescents' endorsement of materialistic values.MethodTwo hundred and fourteen Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong (102 boys; mean age = 16.52 years) completed a set of questionnaires including materialism, emotional insecurity, parental conflict behaviour, and perceptions of parents (warmth, autonomy, and involvement).ResultsConsistent with the psychological insecurity hypothesis and the emotional security theory, emotional insecurity mediated the connection between parental conflict behaviour and adolescents' materialism. Adolescents who had their parents dealing with their conflicts in destructive ways reported higher levels of emotional insecurity, which was in turn associated with higher levels of materialism. By contrast, adolescents who had their parents dealing with their conflicts constructively reported lower levels of emotional insecurity, which was linked to lower levels of materialism.ConclusionParental conflict behaviour contributes to adolescents' materialism through its influence on emotional insecurity.
Development and Evaluation of a Competency-Based Anatomy Rotation for Diagnostic Radiology Residents during Internship Year: A Canadian Experience
Authors: Darras Kathryn E. , Spouge Rebecca , de Bruin Anique , Hu Jeff , Guest Will , Mar Colin , Hatala Rose , Hague Cameron , Forster Bruce B. , Chang Silvia D. 
Published: November 2018

Rationale and Aim As medical schools reduce the hours of anatomy teaching, residents in anatomy-intensive residency programs like radiology must independently acquire the anatomy knowledge needed to achieve competency. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a 4-week competency-based self-directed anatomy rotation for junior residents. Methods Seven post-graduate year 1 (PGY-1) radiology residents completed a 4-week rotation of radiologic anatomy. The objectives were developed from standards, senior residents, and expert opinion, and the competency-based curriculum included self-directed modules. Pre-course and post-course tests were administered and test scores were compared using an unpaired t test. In addition, PGY-1 residents completed a course evaluation and survey regarding their anatomy knowledge and anatomy exposure prior to completing the course. Results Out of the 25 points available, the average pre-test score was 10.79 ± 2.78 (range 8–16.5), and the average post-test score was 21.64 ± 2.23 (range 18.5–25). This difference was statistically significant ( P < .0001). The PGY-1 residents reported receiving < 10% of dedicated radiologic anatomy teaching prior to residency and felt unprepared for the anatomy required in residency. Overall, residents felt more confident in looking at images after completing the self-directed radiologic anatomy course. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a self-directed course for radiology residents that significant improves their anatomy knowledge. Given the trend in medical undergraduate education away from dedicated anatomy teaching, residency programs should consider addressing anatomy education more formally for junior residents to ensure that trainees receive the foundational knowledge required for residency.
Blind Signal Separation Methods for InSAR: The Potential to Automatically Detect and Monitor Signals of Volcanic Deformation
Authors: Gaddes M. E. , Hooper A. , Bagnardi M. , Inman H. , Albino F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere are some 1,500 volcanoes with the potential to erupt, but most are not instrumentally monitored. However, routine acquisition by the Sentinel‐1 satellites now fulfils the requirements needed for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to progress from a retrospective analysis tool to one used for near‐real‐time monitoring globally. However, global monitoring produces vast quantities of data, and consequently, an automatic detection algorithm is therefore required that is able to identify signs of new deformation, or changes in rate, in a time series of interferograms. On the basis that much of the signal contained in a time series of interferograms can be considered as a linear mixture of several latent sources, we explore the use of blind source separation methods to address this issue. We consider principal component analysis and independent component analysis (ICA) which have previously been applied to InSAR data and nonnegative matrix factorization which has not. Our systematic analysis of the three methods shows ICA to be best suited for most applications with InSAR data. However, care must be taken in the dimension reduction step of ICA not to remove important smaller magnitude signals. We apply ICA to the 2015 Wolf Volcano eruption (Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador) and automatically isolate three signals, which are broadly similar to those manually identified in other studies. Finally, we develop a prototype detection algorithm based on ICA to identify the onset of the eruption.
Ion Escape From Mars Through Time: An Extrapolation of Atmospheric Loss Based on 10 Years of Mars Express Measurements
Authors: Ramstad Robin , Barabash Stas , Futaana Yoshifumi , Nilsson Hans , Holmström Mats 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSolar wind‐driven atmospheric ion escape has long been hypothesized as a major influence on the evolution of the Martian atmosphere due to the lack of a Martian global dipole magnetic field. We use 10 years (2007–2017) of Mars Express data to quantify the ion escape rate over the fully sampled parameter space of upstream solar wind dynamic pressure, pdyn, and solar photoionizing flux, FXUV. The modeled dependence on the upstream parameters indicates a near‐linear dependence on FXUV and weak negative correlation with pdyn. Integrating total heavy ion escape back through time, considering the evolution of the upstream parameters and the modeled trends, can only account for an estimated 4.8 ± 1.1 mbar of atmosphere lost as ions since the middle to late Hesperian (∼3.3 Ga ago). Accounting for the recently reported stability of ion escape through the energetic oxygen ion plume provides an upper estimate of ∼6 mbar lost. Extending the extrapolation to the late Noachian (3.9 Ga ago) accounts for 6.3 ± 1.9 mbar, and analogously up to ∼9 mbar, lost through ion escape since that time. Thus, the ion escape trends observed by Mars Express indicate that atmospheric ion escape contributed only a minor role in the evolution of the Martian atmosphere. We also report solar wind control of the cold ion outflow channel, providing a tentative explanation for the low response of the ion escape rate to upstream solar wind.
A Configuration Space Model for Intermediate‐Scale Ionospheric Structure
Authors: Rino Charles , Carrano Charles , Groves Keith , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStochastic ionospheric structure is characterized by spectral density functions (SDFs), which are formally the average intensity of Fourier transformations of the electron density structure. Structure elongation along magnetic field lines is typically accommodated by constraining contours of constant spatial correlation to field‐aligned ellipsoidal surfaces. Structure realizations are generated by imposing the square root of the SDF onto uncorrelated random Fourier modes. The approach has been used successfully for interpreting both in situ and remote propagation diagnostics. However, the only connection to the field‐aligned structures generated by the underlying instability mechanism is the correlation scale. This paper introduces a configuration space model that constructs realizations as summations of field‐aligned elemental striations with a prescribed scale and peak electron density. We show that by choosing the contributing scales according to a bifurcation rule and imposing a power law intensity scaling, the corresponding SDF closely approximates an inverse power law. Thus, configuration space realizations can be structured to reproduce prescribed or measured SDFs from one‐dimensional scans. Stochastic variation comes from an imposed random distribution of striation locations, which are defined by their intercept in a reference slice plane. To conform more directly to physics‐based simulations, the striations can be interpreted as voids in the background electron density. The model is designed to support propagation simulations with arbitrary propagation angles relative to the local magnetic field direction. Relations between in situ structure and diagnostic measurements as well as phase screen equivalence can be explored.
Development and evaluation of a novel series of Nitroxoline-derived BET inhibitors with antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Hao , Chen Zhifeng , Jiang Hao , Liao Liping , Fan Shijie , Xing Jing , Xie Yiqian , Chen Shijie , Ding Hong , Chen Kaixian , Jiang Hualiang , Luo Cheng , Zheng Mingyue , Yao Zhiyi , Huang Yiran , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSmall molecular inhibitors targeting BRD4 family proteins are emerging as promising therapies in many types of human malignancies. However, whether BRD4, as well as other BET family members, may serve as therapeutic targets in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that both BRD2 and BRD4 were over-expressed in RCC tissues, knock-down both of which achieved potent anti-proliferative effects in RCC cells. A novel category of BET inhibitors, originated from an approved drug Nitroxoline, were synthesized and evaluated with biochemical and cellular assays, as well as the method of crystallography. The complex crystal structures of several compounds in this category with the first bromodomain of BRD4 (BRD4-BD1) were solved, revealing the binding mechanism and facilitating further structural optimizations. Among them, compound BDF-1253 showed an approximately four-fold improvement in BRD4 inhibition compared with the prototype Nitroxoline and had good selectivity for BET proteins against other bromodomain proteins or epi-enzymes in biochemical assays. Compound BDF-1253 efficiently suppressed the expression of BET downstream genes, impaired RCC cells viability via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in RCC xenografts. In summary, these results suggest that inhibition of BET family members has great therapeutic potentials in the treatment of RCC, and the novel series of BET inhibitors reported here are promising to become RCC drug candidates.
CDC20B is required for deuterosome-mediated centriole production in multiciliated cells
Authors: Revinski Diego R. , Zaragosi Laure-Emmanuelle , Boutin Camille , Ruiz-Garcia Sandra , Deprez Marie , Thomé Virginie , Rosnet Olivier , Gay Anne-Sophie , Mercey Olivier , Paquet Agnès , Pons Nicolas , Ponzio Gilles , Marcet Brice , Kodjabachian Laurent , Barbry Pascal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMulticiliated cells (MCCs) harbor dozens to hundreds of motile cilia, which generate hydrodynamic forces important in animal physiology. In vertebrates, MCC differentiation involves massive centriole production by poorly characterized structures called deuterosomes. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that human deuterosome stage MCCs are characterized by the expression of many cell cycle-related genes. We further investigated the uncharacterized vertebrate-specific cell division cycle 20B (CDC20B) gene, which hosts microRNA-449abc. We show that CDC20B protein associates to deuterosomes and is required for centriole release and subsequent cilia production in mouse and Xenopus MCCs. CDC20B interacts with PLK1, a kinase known to coordinate centriole disengagement with the protease Separase in mitotic cells. Strikingly, over-expression of Separase rescues centriole disengagement and cilia production in CDC20B-deficient MCCs. This work reveals the shaping of deuterosome-mediated centriole production in vertebrate MCCs, by adaptation of canonical and recently evolved cell cycle-related molecules.
Establishment and characterization of new tumor xenografts and cancer cell lines from EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Weitao , Yip Yim Ling , Jia Lin , Deng Wen , Zheng Hong , Dai Wei , Ko Josephine Mun Yee , Lo Kwok Wai , Chung Grace Tin Yun , Yip Kevin Y. , Lee Sau-Dan , Kwan Johnny Sheung-Him , Zhang Jun , Liu Tengfei , Chan Jimmy Yu-Wai , Kwong Dora Lai-Wan , Lee Victor Ho-Fun , Nicholls John Malcolm , Busson Pierre , Liu Xuefeng , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Hui Kwai Fung , Kwok Hin , Cheung Siu Tim , Cheung Yuk Chun , Chan Chi Keung , Li Bin , Cheung Annie Lai-Man , Hau Pok Man , Zhou Yuan , Tsang Chi Man , Middeldorp Jaap , Chen Honglin , Lung Maria Li , Tsao Sai Wah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe lack of representative nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) models has seriously hampered research on EBV carcinogenesis and preclinical studies in NPC. Here we report the successful growth of five NPC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from fifty-eight attempts of transplantation of NPC specimens into NOD/SCID mice. The take rates for primary and recurrent NPC are 4.9% and 17.6%, respectively. Successful establishment of a new EBV-positive NPC cell line, NPC43, is achieved directly from patient NPC tissues by including Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases inhibitor (Y-27632) in culture medium. Spontaneous lytic reactivation of EBV can be observed in NPC43 upon withdrawal of Y-27632. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) reveals a close similarity in mutational profiles of these NPC PDXs with their corresponding patient NPC. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) further delineates the genomic landscape and sequences of EBV genomes in these newly established NPC models, which supports their potential use in future studies of NPC.