bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of materials management in the European Union
Authors: Masternak-Janus Aneta 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the efficiency of materials management in the European Union countries (EU-28) during the period of 2008–2017.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and variables applied to determine the resource productivity indicator. Therefore, the components of domestic material consumption constituted inputs in the DEA method, while gross domestic product (GDP) was applied as an output.

Findings
The results of the analysis showed that the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Latvia and the UK are the efficiency leaders among all the member states of the European Union. One of the least efficient countries is Poland, which uses too much natural resources in the process of generating goods and services. However, this consumption is growing at a slower rate than the value of GDP, which is beneficial from the point of view of sustainable development. Poland, like other inefficient countries, should reduce its consumption of natural resources in line with the best international practices.

Practical implications
The obtained research results can be a valuable source of information for decision-makers, and contribute to the adoption of more effective policies in order to improve the relationship between materials consumption and economic growth.

Originality/value
The application of the DEA method for calculating the efficiency of materials management represents a new approach, and it is the first attempt of its kind in the European Union countries.
Discursive opportunities and the transnational diffusion of ideas: ‘brainwashing’ and ‘mind control’ in Japan after the Aum Affair
Authors: Ushiyama Rin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA case study in the sociology of ideas, this article refines the theory of ‘discursive opportunities’ to examine how intellectual claims cross national and linguistic boundaries to achieve public prominence despite lacking academic credibility. Theories of ‘brainwashing’ and ‘mind control’ originally began in the United States in the 1960s as a response to the growth of new religious movements. Decades later in Japan, claims that so‐called ‘cults’ ‘brainwashed’ or ‘mind controlled’ their followers became prominent after March 1995, when new religion Aum Shinrikyō gassed the Tokyo subway using sarin, killing thirteen. Since then, brainwashing/mind control have both remained central in public discourse surrounding the ‘Aum Affair’ despite their disputed status within academic discourse. This article advances two arguments. Firstly, the transnational diffusion of brainwashing/mind control from the US to Japan occurred as a direct result of the 1995 Tokyo sarin attack, which acted as a ‘discursive opportunity’ for activists to successfully disseminate the theories in public debate. Secondly, brainwashing/mind control became successful in Japanese public discourse primarily for their normative content, as the theories identified ‘brainwashing/mind controlling cults’ as evil, violent and profane threats to civil society.
Death Anxiety: Concept Analysis and Clarification of Nursing Diagnosis
Authors: Mercês Claudia Angélica Mainenti Ferreira , Souto Jaqueline da Silva Soares , Zaccaro Kênia Rocha Leite , de Souza Jackeline Felix , Primo Cândida Caniçali , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSETo analyze the concept of “Death anxiety” (00147) and to propose modifications in the components of this diagnosis in Taxonomy II of NANDA‐I.METHODSA conceptual analysis was developed based on the eight steps proposed by Walker and Avant.FINDINGSTwenty‐six articles were included from a search in four databases. Three defining attributes, nine antecedents, and two consequent ones were identified from concept analysis.CONCLUSIONSConceptual analysis made possible the clarification of this diagnosis and the proposition of modifications in its components, which could provide a diagnostic accuracy.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEClarification of the diagnosis will allow the accurate identification of this phenomenon in clinical practice and, consequently, more appropriate nursing interventions.OBJETIVOAnalisar o conceito de “Ansiedade relacionada à morte” (00147) e propor modificações nos componentes deste diagnóstico na Taxonomia II da NANDA‐I.MÉTODOSUma análise conceitual foi desenvolvida com base nos oito passos propostos por Walker e Avant.RESULTADOSVinte e seis artigos foram incluídos a partir de uma busca em quatro base de dados. Três atributos definidores, nove antecedentes e dois consequentes foram identificados a partir da análise deste conceito.CONCLUSÕESA análise conceitual possibilitou a clarificação deste diagnóstico e a proposição de modificações em seus componentes, o que poderá proporcionar uma acurácia diagnóstica.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A ENFERMAGEMA clarificação do diagnóstico possibilitará a identificação precisa deste fenômeno na prática clínica e, consequentemente, intervenções de enfermagem mais adequadas.
Pilot feasibility study of a home‐based fall prevention exercise program (StandingTall) delivered through a tablet computer (iPad) in older people with dementia
Authors: Taylor Morag E. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Lord Stephen R. , Kurrle Susan E. , Webster Lyndell , Savage Roslyn , Delbaere Kim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and safety of StandingTall—an individually tailored, progressive exercise program delivered through tablet computers—in community‐dwelling older people with dementia.MethodsFifteen community‐dwelling older people with dementia (mean age = 83 ± 8 years; Montreal Cognitive Assessment 16 ± 5) received StandingTall for 12 weeks with caregiver assistance. Feasibility and safety were assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS; scores = 0‐100; a priori target >65), Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES‐8; scores = 8‐56), adherence (exercise minutes) and adverse events.ResultsMean SUS scores were 68 ± 21/69 ± 15 (participants/caregivers). The mean PACES‐8 score was 44 ± 8. In week 2, week 7 and week 12, mean (bias‐corrected and accelerated 95% CI) exercise minutes were 37 (25‐51), 49 (30‐69) and 65 (28‐104), respectively. In week 12, five participants exercised >115 minutes. One participant fell while exercising, without sustained injury.ConclusionsStandingTall had acceptable usability, scored well on enjoyment and was feasible for participants. These results provide support for further evaluation of StandingTall in a randomised controlled trial with falls as the primary outcome.
“That type of thing does give you a boost”: Control, Self‐valorisation, and Autonomist Worker Copings in Call Centres
Authors: Hastings Thomas , Cumbers Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere are growing concerns over current and future incarnations of routine work, based on the rise of technology and its perceived impact on skill requirements in the labour market. Drawing on Autonomist Marxist (AM) literature, the following article demonstrates how and why workers are likely to play a role in maintaining meaningful forms of work. Complimenting labour process research, which focuses on the role of worker “resistance” in the workplace, we develop a more nuanced perspective on worker agency and the human potential to create meaning through self‐governance in even the most unlikely service work encounters. Taking resilience and reworking agencies as subtle forms of “self‐valorisation”, we show how different spaces of routine work are mobilised for reproducing human connections and values in ways which act in opposition to management’s control and the evolution of unpleasant work environments.
Vaginal preparation with chlorhexidine at cesarean section to reduce endometritis and prevent sepsis: A randomized pilot trial (PREPS)
Authors: Hodgetts-Morton Victoria , Hewitt Catherine A. , Wilson Amie , Farmer Nicola , Weckesser Annalise , Dixon Emily , Brocklehurst Peter , Hardy Pollyanna , Morris Rachel K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionCesarean sections are the most common major operation worldwide. One in 10 women develops a surgical‐site infection after cesarean section. The PREPS pilot trial was developed to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine before cesarean section, to reduce infectious morbidity.Material and methodsA multi‐center, open‐label, parallel‐group pilot randomized controlled trial across 4 UK maternity units. Women aged ≥16 years, undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section, ≥34 weeks of gestation, and able to give informed consent were eligible. Women were randomized 1:1 to chlorhexidine 0.05% or no cleansing and were followed up until 6 weeks after cesarean section. The feasibility of a larger randomized controlled trial was assessed by the pilot trial’s recruitment, ability to use verbal consent in an emergency, adherence, follow‐up and withdrawal rates. The main clinical outcome collected was Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of endometritis at 30 days. Trial registration number is ISRCTN33435996.ResultsA total of 320 women (128% of target) were randomized. Of these, 93% (95% CI 89%‐95%) received their allocated intervention. Of the 88 women who had an emergency cesarean section, verbal consent was initially given by 32 (36%) women, with the remainder having sufficient time to give written consent. Endometritis (CDC definition) was collected from medical notes of 96% of women, 68% (95% CI 63%‐73%) were followed up at both 14 and 30 days by telephone, and we were able to collect patient‐reported outcomes. In the vaginal cleansing arm 2/152 (1.3%) women had endometritis compared with 1/155 (0.7%) in the no cleansing arm (RR 2.08, 95% CI 0.19‐22.31).ConclusionsIt is possible to perform a randomized controlled trial in women undergoing an elective or emergency cesarean section, using a verbal‐followed‐by‐written consent process, while maintaining high adherence and retaining women in the trial.
Phoneme‐Order Encoding During Spoken Word Recognition: A Priming Investigation
Authors: Dufour Sophie , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn three experiments, we examined priming effects where primes were formed by transposing the first and last phoneme of tri‐phonemic target words (e.g., /byt/ as a prime for /tyb/). Auditory lexical decisions were found not to be sensitive to this transposed‐phoneme priming manipulation in long‐term priming (Experiment 1), with primes and targets presented in two separated blocks of stimuli and with unrelated primes used as control condition (/mul/‐/tyb/), while a long‐term repetition priming effect was observed (/tyb/‐/tyb/). However, a clear transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found in two short‐term priming experiments (Experiments 2 and 3), with primes and targets presented in close temporal succession. The transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found when unrelated prime‐target pairs (/mul/‐/tyb/) were used as control and more important when prime‐target pairs sharing the medial vowel (/pys/‐/tyb/) served as control condition, thus indicating that the effect is not due to vocalic overlap. Finally, in Experiment 3, a transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found when primes sharing the medial vowel plus one consonant in an incorrect position with the targets (/byl/‐/tyb/) served as control condition, and this condition did not differ significantly from the vowel‐only condition. Altogether, these results provide further evidence for a role for position‐independent phonemes in spoken word recognition, such that a phoneme at a given position in a word also provides evidence for the presence of words that contain that phoneme at a different position.
Reaching consensus for conserving the global commons: The case of the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Brooks Cassandra M. , Crowder Larry B. , Österblom Henrik , Strong Aaron L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn October 2016, the international community made history by adopting the world's largest marine protected area in the Ross Sea, Antarctica—by consensus. Achieving this feat required trade‐offs and compromise among the 24‐Member States (plus the European Union) comprising the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The process took 5 years of intense international negotiations and more than 10 years of scientific planning. Based on interviews with national delegations and other stakeholders, 5 years of participatory observation of Commission meetings (2012–2016), and analysis of hundreds of documents, we present unique insights that explain the conditions that stalled or facilitated the adoption of the Ross Sea MPA. These included economic interests, geopolitics, an erosion of trust, high‐level diplomacy, and the compromises that were ultimately necessary. We reflect on lessons learned as the world considers how to achieve future large‐scale conservation successes in the global commons.
Barcodeleser – ein algorithmischer Ansatz für okkludierende kutane Vaskulopathien? Teil I: Vaskulopathien kleiner Gefäße
Authors: Ratzinger Gudrun , Zelger Bettina G. , Zelger Bernhard W. 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungZieleDie Klassifikation okkludierender Vaskulopathien kann einige Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Erstens kann ihre Einteilung unterschiedlichen Prinzipien folgen, wie klinisch‐pathologischen Befunden, Ätiologie oder Pathomechanismus. Zweitens unterscheiden Autoren zuweilen nicht zwischen Vaskulitis und Vaskulopathie. Drittens handelt es sich bei den Vaskulopathien nicht selten um systemische Erkrankungen. Aufgrund organspezifischer Besonderheiten sind morphologische Befunde schwer zu vergleichen. Zudem können geringfügige Veränderungen zwar auf der Haut erkennbar sein, in anderen Organen jedoch verborgen bleiben. Unser Ziel war es, die Haut und die Subkutis als Modell und die klinisch‐pathologische Korrelation als Grundlage für die Klassifikation zu verwenden.Methoden und ErgebnisseIm ersten Schritt differenzieren wir zwischen okkludierenden Vaskulopathien kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße in der Haut. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns im vorliegenden Teil 1 auf die okkludierenden Vaskulopathien kleiner Gefäße. Im zweiten Schritt differenzieren wir zwischen den Subtypen kleiner Gefäße. Im letzten Schritt differenzieren wir nach dem Zeitpunkt des Koagulations‐/Reorganisationsprozesses sowie nach den beteiligten Entzündungszellen und Stromamerkmalen. Durch die Anwendung des gleichen Verfahrens bei den verschiedenen Entitäten und die Visualisierung der Befunde über Barcodes können die Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede besser veranschaulicht werden, sowohl klinisch als auch histopathologisch.SchlussfolgerungenOkkludierende Vaskulopathien sind häufig keine eigenständigen Entitäten, sondern Reaktionsmuster und Epiphänomene. Ihre Abgrenzung von den Vaskulitiden ist aufgrund der Unterschiede bei Pathogenese, therapeutischem Vorgehen und Prognose von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Long‐term cognitive outcomes in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Tye Charlotte , Mcewen Fiona S , Liang Holan , Underwood Lisa , Woodhouse Emma , Barker Edward D , Sheerin Fintan , Yates John R W , Bolton Patrick F ,   Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study Group
Published: September 2019

AimTo investigate the interdependence between risk factors associated with long‐term intellectual development in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).MethodThe Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of individuals with TSC. In phase 1 of the study, baseline measures of intellectual ability, epilepsy, cortical tuber load, and mutation were obtained for 125 children (63 females, 62 males; median age=39mo). In phase 2, at an average of 8 years later, intellectual abilities were estimated for 88 participants with TSC and 35 unaffected siblings. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the risk pathways from genetic mutation through to IQ at phase 2.ResultsIntellectual disability was present in 57% of individuals with TSC. Individuals without intellectual disability had significantly lower mean IQ compared to unaffected siblings, supporting specific genetic factors associated with intellectual impairment. Individuals with TSC who had a slower gain in IQ from infancy to middle childhood were younger at seizure onset and had increased infant seizure severity. Structural equation modelling indicated indirect pathways from genetic mutation, to tuber count, to seizure severity in infancy, through to IQ in middle childhood and adolescence.InterpretationEarly‐onset and severe epilepsy in the first 2 years of life are associated with increased risk of long‐term intellectual disability in individuals with TSC, emphasizing the importance of early and effective treatment or prevention of epilepsy.What this paper adds

Intellectual disability was present in 57% of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Those with TSC without intellectual disability had significantly lower mean IQ compared to unaffected siblings.

Earlier onset and greater severity of seizures in the first 2 years were observed in individuals with a slower gain in intellectual ability.

Risk pathways through seizures in the first 2 years predict long‐term cognitive outcomes in individuals with TSC.
Acetyl zingerone: An efficacious multifunctional ingredient for continued protection against ongoing DNA damage in melanocytes after sun exposure ends
Authors: Chaudhuri R.K. , Meyer T. , Premi S. , Brash D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveRecent research has shown that significant levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in DNA continue to form in melanocytes for several hours in the dark after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) ends. We document the utility of a new multifunctional ingredient, 3‐(4‐hydroxy, 3‐methoxybenzyl)‐pentane‐2,4‐dione (INCI acetyl zingerone (AZ)), to protect melanocytes against CPD formation after UVR exposure ends.MethodsThe use of AZ as an intervention to reduce CPD formation after irradiation was assessed in vitro by comparing kinetic profiles of CPD formation for several hours after irradiation in cells that were untreated or treated with AZ immediately after irradiation. Multifunctional performance of AZ as an antioxidant, quencher and scavenger was established using industry‐standard in vitro chemical assays, and then, its efficacy in a more biological assay was confirmed by its in vitro ability to reduce intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in keratinocytes exposed to UVA radiation. Molecular photostability was assessed in solution during exposure to solar‐simulated UVR and compared with the conventional antioxidant α‐tocopherol.ResultsEven when added immediately after irradiation, AZ significantly inhibited ongoing formation of CPDs in melanocytes after exposure to UVA. Incubation with AZ before irradiation decreased intracellular levels of UVA‐induced ROS formation in keratinocytes. Compared with α‐tocopherol, the molecular structure of AZ endows it with significantly better photostability and efficacy to neutralize free radicals (∙OH, ∙OOH), physically quench singlet oxygen (1O2) and scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO−).ConclusionThese results designate AZ as a new type of multifunctional ingredient with strong potential to extend photoprotection of traditional sunscreens and daily skincare products over the first few hours after sun exposure ends.
Role of lymph node stroma and microenvironment in T cell tolerance
Authors: Saxena Vikas , Li Lushen , Paluskievicz Christina , Kasinath Vivek , Bean Asher , Abdi Reza , Jewell Christopher M. , Bromberg Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLymph nodes (LNs) are at the cross roads of immunity and tolerance. These tissues are compartmentalized into specialized niche areas by lymph node stromal cells (LN SCs). LN SCs shape the LN microenvironment and guide immunological cells into different zones through establishment of a CCL19 and CCL21 gradient. Following local immunological cues, LN SCs modulate activity to support immune cell priming, activation, and fate. This review will present our current understanding of LN SC subsets roles in regulating T cell tolerance. Three major types of LN SC subsets, namely fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, and blood endothelial cells, are discussed. These subsets serve as scaffolds to support and regulate T cell homeostasis. They contribute to tolerance by presenting peripheral tissue antigens to both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The role of LN SCs in regulating T cell migration and tolerance induction is discussed. Looking forward, recent advances in bioengineered materials and approaches to leverage LN SCs to induce T cell tolerance are highlighted, as are current clinical practices that allow for manipulation of the LN microenvironment to induce tolerance. Increased understanding of LN architecture, how different LN SCs integrate immunological cues and shape immune responses, and approaches to induce T cell tolerance will help further combat autoimmune diseases and graft rejection.
Microstructure evolution during spark plasma sintering of FJS‐1 lunar soil simulant
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Khedmati Mahdieh , Kim Yong‐Rak , Shin Hyu‐Soung , Lee Jangguen , Kim Young‐Jae , Cui Bai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA spark plasma sintering (SPS) process has been explored to densify FJS‐lunar soil simulants for structural applications in space explorations. The effect of SPS conditions, such as temperature and pressure, on the densification behavior, phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of FJS‐1 have been examined by conducting the X‐ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy imaging, and nano/micro indentation testing. Test analysis results were also compared to results from the FJS‐1 powder and sintered samples without pressure. The FJS‐1 powder was composed of sodian anorthite, augite, pigeonite, and iron titanium oxide. When FJS‐lunar soil simulants were sintered without pressure, the main phase evolved from sodian anorthite to the intermediate sodian anorthite, jadeite and glass, and iron titanium oxide at 1000°C, which were further transformed into filiform and feather‐shaped augite and schorlomite at 1100°C. Most densification processes in pressureless sintering occurred at 1050°C‐1100°C. During the SPS process, the main phases were sodian anorthite, pigeonite, and iron titanium oxide at 900°C. These phases were transformed to sodian anorthite, glass, and feather‐shaped augite at 1000°C and 1050°C, with the nucleation of dendritic schorlomite at 1050°C. Significant densification by SPS can be observed as low as 900°C, which indicates that the application of pressure can substantially lower the sintering temperature. The SPSed samples showed higher Vickers microhardness than the pressureless sintered samples. The mechanical properties of the local phases were represented by the contour maps of elastic modulus and nanohardness. Multiscale mechanical test results along with the microstructural characteristics further imply that the SPS can be considered a promising in‐situ resource utilization (ISRU) method to densify lunar soils.