bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Sequence of Acetobacter orientalis Strain FAN1, Isolated from Caucasian Yogurt
Authors: Nakashima Nobutaka , Tamura Tomohiro 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

In traditional Caucasian yogurt,
Acetobacter orientalis
bacteria play important roles in the fermentation of milk in concert with
Lactococcus
bacteria. In this study, an
A. orientalis
strain, FAN1, was newly isolated from commercially available Caucasian yogurt, and its whole-genome sequence was determined, identifying two circular DNAs.
Antibiotics and activity spaces: protocol of an exploratory study of behaviour, marginalisation and knowledge diffusion
Authors: Haenssgen Marco J , Charoenboon Nutcha , Zanello Giacomo , Mayxay Mayfong , Reed-Tsochas Felix , Jones Caroline O H , Kosaikanont Romyen , Praphattong Pollavat , Manohan Pathompong , Lubell Yoel , Newton Paul N , Keomany Sommay , Wertheim Heiman F L , Lienert Jeffrey , Xayavong Thipphaphone , Warapikuptanun Penporn , Khine Zaw Yuzana , U-Thong Patchapoom , Benjaroon Patipat , Sangkham Narinnira , Wibunjak Kanokporn , Chai-In Poowadon , Chailert Sirirat , Thavethanutthanawin Patthanan , Promsutt Krittanon , Thepkhamkong Amphayvone , Sithongdeng Nicksan , Keovilayvanh Maipheth , Khamsoukthavong Nid , Phanthasomchit Phaengnitta , Phanthavong Chanthasone , Boualaiseng Somsanith , Vongsavang Souksakhone , Greer Rachel C , Althaus Thomas , Nedsuwan Supalert , Intralawan Daranee , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Ariana Proochista 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health priority. Leading UK and global strategy papers to fight AMR recognise its social and behavioural dimensions, but current policy responses to improve the popular use of antimicrobials (eg, antibiotics) are limited to education and awareness-raising campaigns. In response to conceptual, methodological and empirical weaknesses of this approach, we study people’s antibiotic-related health behaviour through three research questions.RQ1: What are the manifestations and determinants of problematic antibiotic use in patients’ healthcare-seeking pathways?RQ2: Will people’s exposure to antibiotic awareness activities entail changed behaviours that diffuse or dissipate within a network of competing healthcare practices?RQ3: Which proxy indicators facilitate the detection of problematic antibiotic behaviours across and within communities?MethodsWe apply an interdisciplinary analytical framework that draws on the public health, medical anthropology, sociology and development economics literature. Our research involves social surveys of treatment-seeking behaviour among rural dwellers in northern Thailand (Chiang Rai) and southern Lao PDR (Salavan). We sample approximately 4800 adults to produce district-level representative and social network data. Additional 60 cognitive interviews facilitate survey instrument development and data interpretation. Our survey data analysis techniques include event sequence analysis (RQ1), multilevel regression (RQ1–3), social network analysis (RQ2) and latent class analysis (RQ3).DiscussionSocial research in AMR is nascent, but our unprecedentedly detailed data on microlevel treatment-seeking behaviour can contribute an understanding of behaviour beyond awareness and free choice, highlighting, for example, decision-making constraints, problems of marginalisation and lacking access to healthcare and competing ideas about desirable behaviour.Trial registration numberNCT03241316; Pre-results.
Hospital at Home care for older patients with cognitive impairment: a protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Pouw Maaike A , Calf Agneta H , van Munster Barbara C , ter Maaten Jan C , Smidt Nynke , de Rooij Sophia E 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionAn acute hospital admission is a stressful life event for older people, particularly for those with cognitive impairment. The hospitalisation is often complicated by hospital-associated geriatric syndromes, including delirium and functional loss, leading to functional decline and nursing home admission. Hospital at Home care aims to avoid hospitalisation-associated adverse outcomes in older patients with cognitive impairment by providing hospital care in the patient’s own environment.Methods and analysisThis randomised, non-blinded feasibility trial aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial in terms of the recruitment, use and acceptability of Hospital at Home care for older patients with cognitive impairment. The quality of care will be evaluated and the advantages and disadvantages of the Hospital at Home care programme compared with usual hospital care. Eligible patients will be randomised either to Hospital at Home care in their own environment or usual hospital care. The intervention consists of hospital level care provided at patients’ homes, including visits from healthcare professionals, diagnostics (laboratory tests, blood cultures) and treatment. The control group will receive usual hospital care. Measurements will be conducted at baseline, during admission, at discharge and at 3 and 6 months after the baseline assessment.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional ethics approval has been granted. The findings will be disseminated through public lectures, professional and scientific conferences, as well as peer-reviewed journal articles. The study findings will contribute to knowledge on the implementation of Hospital at Home care for older patients with cognitive disorders. The results will be used to inform and support strategies to deliver eligible care to older patients with cognitive impairment.Trial registration numberNTR6581; Pre-results.
Novel selective medium for the isolation ofcorynebacterium kroppenstedtiifrom heavily colonised clinical specimens
Authors: Wong Sally Cheuk Ying , Poon Rosana W S , Foo Chuen-Hing , Ngan Antonio H Y , Tse Herman , Lam Vivian C M , Leung Tiffany H Y , Wong Chun-Pong , Cheng Vincent C C , Chen Jonathan H K , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: March 2018

AimsGranulomatous mastitis due toCorynebacterium kroppenstedtiiis an increasingly recognised cause of an indolent and distressing mastitis in non-lactating females. This slow-growing lipophilic organism is not reliably isolated using routine culture methods. A novel selective culture medium (CKSM) is designed to optimise the isolation of this organism from clinical specimens.MethodsCKSM contains 10% galactose and Tween 80 (10%) to enhance the growth ofC. kroppenstedtii, fosfomycin (100 µg/mL) to suppress the other bacteria, and differentiateC. kroppenstedtiifrom non-kroppenstedtiilipophilic corynebacteria by esculin hydrolysis. The medium was evaluated for its ability to support the growth ofC. kroppenstedtii, selection and differentiation ofC. kroppenstedtiifrom other bacteria in non-sterile clinical specimens.ResultsC. kroppenstedtiigrew as 1–2 mm colonies with black halo on CKSM within 72 hours of incubation, compared with barely visible pinpoint colonies on routine blood agars. During the four-month period of evaluation with 8896 respiratory specimens, 103 breast specimens, 1903 female genital tract specimens, 617 newborn surface swabs and 10 011 miscellaneous specimens, 186C. kroppenstedtiiwere isolated, including 127 (1.4%) respiratory and 59 (0.5%) miscellaneous specimens, 184 of them were found only on CKSM. Besides the three (2.9%) positive breast specimens, 27 (1.4%) high vaginal and endocervical swabs, and 11 (1.8%) surface swabs of newborns were positive forC. kroppenstedtii.ConclusionsCKSM is a useful addition to routine agar media for the isolation ofC. kroppenstedtii,and will be helpful for studying the epidemiology and transmission of this unusualCorynebacteriumcausing granulomatous mastitis.
RESPONSE TO ASCORBIC ACID ON POLYPYRROLE FILM MODIFIED BY COPPER PARTICLES
Authors: CHIKOUCHE I. , DEHCHAR C. , SAHARI A. , LOUCIF N. 
Published: March 2018

In this work, a modified electrode of copper-polypyrrole (Cu-PPy) is elaborated by charging the polymer matrix by Cu particles. The response to ascorbic acid (AA) of this material was tested. The results show good performances. The results indicated a sensitive oxidation peak current of AA on the modified electrode. The success of this application led us to study the nucleation mechanism of copper on the PPy surface which permits to obtain this response. Nucleation and growth of electrodeposited copper onto PPy substrate have been studied in an aqueous solution of 0.01[Formula: see text]M CuCl2 and 1[Formula: see text]M KCl by means of electrochemical methods: cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The model described by Scharifker and Hills was used to analyze current-time transients. According to this model, the nucleation and growth kinetics at the initial stages of deposition process involve an instantaneous nucleation followed by three-dimensional (3D) growth mechanism.
Primary sensorimotor cortex exhibits complex dependencies of spike-field coherence on neuronal firing rates, field power, and behavior
Authors: Arce-McShane F. I. , Sessle B. J. , Ross C. F. , Hatsopoulos N. G. 
Published: March 2018

Spike-field coherence (SFC) is widely used to assess cortico-cortical interactions during sensorimotor behavioral tasks by measuring the consistency of the relative phases between the spike train of a neuron and the concurrent local field potentials (LFPs). Interpretations of SFC as a measure of functional connectivity are complicated by theoretical work suggesting that estimates of SFC depend on overall neuronal activity. We evaluated the dependence of SFC on neuronal firing rates, LFP power, and behavior in the primary motor (MIo) and primary somatosensory (SIo) areas of the orofacial sensorimotor cortex of monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) during performance of a tongue-protrusion task. Although we occasionally observed monotonically increasing linear relationships between coherence and firing rate, we most often found highly complex, nonmonotonic relationships in both SIo and MIo and sometimes even found that coherence decreased with increasing firing rate. The lack of linear relationships was also true for both LFP power and tongue-protrusive force. Moreover, the ratio between maximal firing rate and the firing rate at peak coherence deviated significantly from unity, indicating that MIo and SIo neurons achieved maximal SFC at a submaximal level of spiking. Overall, these results point to complex relationships of SFC to firing rates, LFP power, and behavior during sensorimotor cortico-cortical interactions: coherence is a measure of functional connectivity whose magnitude is not a mere monotonic reflection of changes in firing rate, LFP power, or the relevantly controlled behavioral parameter. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The concern that estimates of spike-field coherence depend on the firing rates of single neurons has influenced analytical methods employed by experimental studies investigating the functional interactions between cortical areas. Our study shows that the overwhelming majority of the estimated spike-field coherence exhibited complex relations with firing rates of neurons in the orofacial sensorimotor cortex. The lack of monotonic relations was also evident after testing the influence of local field potential power and force on spike-field coherence.
Differential effects of adaptation on odor discrimination
Authors: Haney Seth , Saha Debajit , Raman Baranidharan , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: March 2018

Adaptation of neural responses is ubiquitous in sensory systems and can potentially facilitate many important computational functions. Here we examined this issue with a well-constrained computational model of the early olfactory circuits. In the insect olfactory system, the responses of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae adapt over time. We found that strong adaptation of sensory input is important for rapidly detecting a fresher stimulus encountered in the presence of other background cues and for faithfully representing its identity. However, when the overlapping odorants were chemically similar, we found that adaptation could alter the representation of these odorants to emphasize only distinguishing features. This work demonstrates novel roles for peripheral neurons during olfactory processing in complex environments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Olfactory systems face the problem of distinguishing salient information from a complex olfactory environment. The neural representations of specific odor sources should be consistent regardless of the background. How are olfactory representations robust to varying environmental interference? We show that in locusts the extraction of salient information begins in the periphery. Olfactory receptor neurons adapt in response to odorants. Adaptation can provide a computational mechanism allowing novel odorant components to be highlighted during complex stimuli.
Modulation of complex spike activity differs between zebrin-positive and -negative Purkinje cells in the pigeon cerebellum
Authors: Long Rebecca M. , Pakan Janelle M. P. , Graham David J. , Hurd Peter L. , Gutierrez-Ibañez Cristian , Wylie Douglas R. 
Published: March 2018

The cerebellum is organized into parasagittal zones defined by its climbing and mossy fiber inputs, efferent projections, and Purkinje cell (PC) response properties. Additionally, parasagittal stripes can be visualized with molecular markers, such as heterogeneous expression of the isoenzyme zebrin II (ZII), where sagittal stripes of high ZII expression (ZII+) are interdigitated with stripes of low ZII expression (ZII−). In the pigeon vestibulocerebellum, a ZII+/− stripe pair represents a functional unit, insofar as both ZII+ and ZII− PCs within a stripe pair respond best to the same pattern of optic flow. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether there were any differences in the responses between ZII+ and ZII− PCs within a functional unit in response to optic flow stimuli. In pigeons of either sex, we recorded complex spike activity (CSA) from PCs in response to optic flow, marked recording sites with a fluorescent tracer, and determined the ZII identity of recorded PCs by immunohistochemistry. We found that CSA of ZII+ PCs showed a greater depth of modulation in response to the preferred optic flow pattern compared with ZII− PCs. We suggest that these differences in the depth of modulation to optic flow stimuli are due to differences in the connectivity of ZII+ and ZII− PCs within a functional unit. Specifically, ZII+ PCs project to areas of the vestibular nuclei that provide inhibitory feedback to the inferior olive, whereas ZII− PCs do not.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although the cerebellum appears to be a uniform structure, Purkinje cells (PCs) are heterogeneous and can be categorized on the basis of the expression of molecular markers. These phenotypes are conserved across species, but the significance is undetermined. PCs in the vestibulocerebellum encode optic flow resulting from self-motion, and those that express the molecular marker zebrin II (ZII+) exhibit more sensitivity to optic flow than those that do not express zebrin II (ZII−).
Differences in Breast Cancer Survival by Molecular Subtypes in the United States
Authors: Howlader Nadia , Cronin Kathleen A. , Kurian Allison W. , Andridge Rebecca 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Although incidence rates of breast cancer molecular subtypes are well documented, effects of molecular subtypes on breast cancer–specific survival using the largest population coverage to date are unknown in the U.S. population.
Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry data, we assessed survival after breast cancer diagnosis among women diagnosed during 2010 to 2013 and followed through December 31, 2014. Breast cancer molecular subtypes defined by joint hormone receptor [HR, estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR)] and HER2 status were assessed. Multiple imputation was used to fill in missing receptor status. Four-year breast cancer–specific survival per molecular subtypes and clinical/demographic factors were calculated. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate survival while controlling for clinical and demographic factors.
Results: The best survival pattern was observed among women with HR+/HER2− subtype (survival rate of 92.5% at 4 years), followed by HR+/HER2+ (90.3%), HR−/HER2+ (82.7%), and finally worst survival for triple-negative subtype (77.0%). Notably, failing to impute cases with missing receptor status leads to overestimation of survival because those with missing receptor status tend to have worse prognostic features. Survival differed substantially by stage at diagnosis. Among de novo stage IV disease, women with HR+/HER2+ subtype experienced better survival than those with HR+/HER2− subtype (45.5% vs. 35.9%), even after controlling for other factors.
Conclusions: Divergence of survival curves in stage IV HR+/HER2+ versus HR+/HER2− subtype is likely attributable to major advances in HER2-targeted treatment.
Impact: Contrary to conventional thought, HR+/HER2+ subtype experienced better survival than HR+/HER2− in advanced-stage disease. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 619–26. ©2018 AACR.
Rural Disparities in Treatment-Related Financial Hardship and Adherence to Surveillance Colonoscopy in Diverse Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: McDougall Jean A. , Banegas Matthew P. , Wiggins Charles L. , Chiu Vi K. , Rajput Ashwani , Kinney Anita Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Cancer survivors increasingly report financial hardship as a consequence of the high cost of cancer care, yet the financial experience of rural cancer survivors remains largely unstudied. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential rural disparities in the likelihood of financial hardship and nonadherence to surveillance colonoscopy.
Methods: Individuals diagnosed with localized or regional colorectal cancer between 2004 and 2012 were ascertained by the population-based New Mexico Tumor Registry. Participants completed a mailed questionnaire or telephone survey about their colorectal cancer survivorship experience, including treatment-related financial hardship and receipt of surveillance colonoscopy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Compared with urban colorectal cancer survivors (n = 168), rural colorectal cancer survivors (n = 109) were slightly older; more likely to be married (65% vs. 59%) and have an annual income &lt;$30,000 (37% vs. 27%); and less likely to be employed (35% vs. 41%), have a college degree (28% vs. 38%), or a high level of health literacy (39% vs. 51%). Rural survivors were twice as likely as urban survivors to report treatment-related financial hardship (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.06–3.28) and nonadherence to surveillance colonoscopy guidelines (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.07–4.85). In addition, financial hardship was independently associated with nonadherence to surveillance colonoscopy (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.01–4.85).
Conclusions: Substantial rural disparities in the likelihood of financial hardship and nonadherence to surveillance colonoscopy exist.
Impact: Treatment-related financial hardship among rural colorectal cancer survivors may negatively affect adherence to guideline-recommended follow-up care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1275–82. ©2018 AACR.
Trastuzumab-Resistant HER2+ Breast Cancer Cells Retain Sensitivity to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibition
Authors: Wielgos Monica E. , Zhang Zhuo , Rajbhandari Rajani , Cooper Tiffiny S. , Zeng Ling , Forero Andres , Esteva Francisco J. , Osborne C. Kent , Schiff Rachel , LoBuglio Albert F. , Nozell Susan E. , Yang Eddy S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, have increased the survival rates of HER2+ breast cancer patients. However, despite these therapies, many tumors eventually develop resistance to these therapies. Our lab previously reported an unexpected sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), agents that target homologous recombination (HR)–deficient tumors, independent of a DNA repair deficiency. In this study, we investigated whether HER2+ trastuzumab-resistant (TR) breast cancer cells were susceptible to PARPi and the mechanism behind PARPi induced cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that the PARPi ABT-888 (veliparib) decreased cell survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo of HER2+ TR breast cancer cells. PARP-1 siRNA confirmed that cytotoxicity was due, in part, to PARP-1 inhibition. Furthermore, PARP-1 silencing had variable effects on the expression of several NF-κB–regulated genes. In particular, silencing PARP-1 inhibited NF-κB activity and reduced p65 binding at the IL8 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in IL8 mRNA and protein expression. Our results provide insight in the potential mechanism by which PARPi induces cytotoxicity in HER2+ breast cancer cells and support the testing of PARPi in patients with HER2+ breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 921–30. ©2018 AACR.
An
APOO
Pseudogene on Chromosome 5q Is Associated With Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Montasser May E. , O’Hare Elizabeth A. , Wang Xiaochun , Howard Alicia D. , McFarland Rebecca , Perry James A. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Rice Kenneth , Jaquish Cashell E. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Miller Michael , Mitchell Braxton D. , Zaghloul Norann A. , Chang Yen-Pei C. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease via its contribution to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Although the genetic basis of LDL-C has been studied extensively, currently known genetic variants account for only ≈20% of the variation in LDL-C levels.

Methods:
Through an array-based association analysis in 1102 Amish subjects, we identified a variant strongly associated with LDL-C levels. Using a combination of genetic analyses, zebrafish models, and in vitro experiments, we sought to identify the causal gene driving this association.

Results:

We identified a founder haplotype associated with a 15 mg/dL increase in LDL-C on chromosome 5. After recombination mapping, the associated region contained 8 candidate genes. Using a zebrafish model to evaluate the relevance of these genes to cholesterol metabolism, we found that expression of the transcribed pseudogene,
APOOP1
, increased LDL-C and vascular plaque formation.

Conclusions:

Based on these data, we propose that
APOOP1
regulates levels of LDL-C in humans, thus identifying a novel mechanism of lipid homeostasis.