bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of IKK, but not activation of p53 is responsible for cell death mediated by naturally occurring oxidized tetranortriterpenoid
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Zaidi Adeel H. , Manna Sunil K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTetranortriterpenoids (limonoids) obtained from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) have gained significant attention due to their anti‐proliferative properties. Here we are investigating the role of a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid, azadirachtin on induction of the cell death. Using various apoptotic assays, we show that azadirachtin induces cell death independent of cell types. Although azadirachtin‐treated cells show increased expression of p53, but no phosphorylation of p53 (at Ser15 and Ser46) is detected. In silico analysis reveals that azadirachtin interacts with Mdm2 in the p53 binding site, postulating the mutually exclusive interaction of p53 and azadirachtin with Mdm2. Surprisingly, azadirachtin potentiates cell death efficiently in both p53 wild‐type and p53 negative cells. In addition, we find azadirachtin suppresses nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF‐κB) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of upstream inhibitory subunit of NF‐κB (IκB) kinase (IKK). Further, azadirachtin is unable to potentiate apoptosis in NF‐κB‐downregulated (IκB‐DN) cells, whereas ectopic expression of p65 rescues azadirachtin‐mediated apoptosis, regardless of their p53 status. Hence, our data suggest that azadirachtin mediates cell death through inhibition of NF‐κB, but not due to the activation of p53. In conclusion, this study proposes azadirachtin as a potential therapeutic agent where insensitivity toward chemotherapy occurs due to the inactivation or mutations in p53.
RXRG associated in PPAR signal regulated the differentiation of primordial germ cell
Authors: Cheng Shaoze , Wang Man , Wang Yingjie , Zhang Chen , Wang Yilin , Song Jiuzhou , Zuo Qisheng , Zhang Yani , Li Bichun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrimitive germ cells (PGCs) are the “ancestor” of sex germ cells. However, their regulation mechanism is not clear at present. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PPAR signaling pathway on the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into PGCs, providing theoretical support for the further study of the mechanism of regulation of chicken PGCs. Based on the results of RNA‐Seq analysis, the key signal pathway PPAR and the key signal molecule RXRG in the pathway were successfully screened. Also, we made the PPAR signal transduction pathway be activated in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the expression of FABP3 and SCD‐1 was up‐regulated by high expression of RXRG, which significantly up‐regulated the expression of Cvh, C‐kit, and the ratio of Cvh + C‐kit+ cells was higher than that of control group. The formation of PGCs was blocked by interfering with PPAR signaling pathway. We conclude that RXRG positively regulates the PPAR signaling pathway and promotes differentiation of chicken ESCs into PGCs. Thus, gene RXRG can be used to study the regulation of PGCs differentiation in chickens.
Impact of a non‐synonymous Q281R polymorphism on structure of human Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2)
Authors: Gurung Arun B. , Bhattacharjee Atanu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are genetic variations at single base resulting in an amino acid change which have been associated with various complex human diseases. The human Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) gene harbours a rare Q281R polymorphism which was previously reported to cause loss of enzymatic function. Lp‐PLA2 is an important enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of polar phospholipids releasing pro‐atherogenic and pro‐inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our current study is aimed at elucidating the structural and functional consequences of Q281R polymorphism on Lp‐PLA2. The Q281R mutation is classified as deleterious and causes protein instability as deduced from evolutionary, folding free energy changes and Support vector machine (SVM)‐based methods. A Q281R mutant structure was deciphered using homology modelling approach and was validated using phi and psi dihedral angles distribution, ERRAT, Verify_3D scores, Protein Structure Analysis (ProSA) energ,y and Z‐score. A decreased hydrophobic interactions and weaker substrate binding affinity was observed in the mutant compared to the wild‐ type (WT) using molecular docking. Further, the mutant displayed enhanced structural flexibility particularly in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding domain, decreased solvent accessibility of catalytic residues‐Phe274 and Ser273 and increased Cɑ distance between Phe274 and Leu153 and large conformational entropy change as inferred from all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and essential dynamics (ED) studies. Our results corroborate well with previous experimental studies and thus these aberrations in the Q281R mutant structure may help explain the molecular basis of loss of enzyme activity.
Knockdown of Beclin‐1 impairs epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells
Authors: Shen Hong , Yin Ling , Deng Ganlu , Guo Cao , Han Ying , Li Yiyi , Cai Changjing , Fu Yaojie , Liu Shanshan , Zeng Shan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractActivation of autophagy significantly affects cancer cell behaviors, such as proliferation, differentiation, and invasiveness. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) as an initial step of malignant transformation of cancer cells was linked to the activation of autophagy, but the detailed molecular mechanisms are still unknown. The present study investigates the effects of Beclin‐1, a key molecule involved in activation of autophagy, on EMT of colon cancer cells. The normal colon epithelia cell line of CCD‐18Co and six colon cancer cell lines with different expression levels of Beclin‐1 were used in this study. The activation of autophagy and EMT markers of cancer cells were monitored by Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR assay in the presence or absence of rapamycin (autophagy activator) and 3‐MA (autophagy inhibitor). The expression of Beclin‐1 in selected cell lines was modulated using small interfering RNA, and consequentially EMT markers, and cancer cell behaviors including migration and invasion, were also explored. Activation or inhibition of autophagy in colon cancer cells had positive or negative impacts on the expression of EMT markers and malignant behaviors such as cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of beclin‐1 by siRNA apparently inhibited the activation of autophagy induced by rapamycin, consequentially resulted in suppression of EMT and attenuation of invasiveness of colon cancer cells. The results in this study demonstrated an association between activation of autophagy and EMT in colon cancer cells. The results showed suppression of Beclin‐1 expression significantly reduced EMT and invasive behaviors in colon cancer cells.
Retracted: Beta‐elemene increases chemosensitivity to 5‐fluorouracil through down‐regulating microRNA‐191 expression in colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Guo Zongbing , Liu Zhenzhen , Yue Haifeng , Wang Jingyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractColorectal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor occurring in the alimentary system. Despite developments of modern medicine, developed resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) may lead to poor prognosis. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of beta‐elemene on colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT29) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Beta‐elemene reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Increased apoptosis following beta‐elemene exposure was due to enhanced sensitivity to 5‐FU through down‐regulating miR‐191. Expression of key kinases, including Wnt3a, and β‐catenin, were down‐regulated by beta‐elemene through a miR‐191 mechanism. Moreover, beta‐elemene might improve resistance of colorectal carcinoma cells to 5‐FU by down‐regulating miR‐191, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Pterostilbene inhibits amyloid‐β‐induced neuroinflammation in a microglia cell line by inactivating the NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Li Qiushi , Chen Long , Liu Xuewen , Li Xidong , Cao Yue , Bai Yang , Qi Fengjiao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeuroinflammation has been known as an important pathogenetic contributor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pterostilbene is a natural compound which has neuroprotective activity. However, the effect of pterostilbene on amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐induced neuroinflammation has not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pterostilbene on Aβ‐induced neuroinflammation in microglia. The results indicated that pterostilbene attenuated Aβ1−42‐induced cytotoxicity of BV‐2 cells. Aβ1−42 induced NO production and iNOS mRNA and protein expression, while pterostilbene inhibited the induction. The expression and secretion levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were enhanced by Aβ1−42 treatment, whereas pterostilbene decreased them. Aβ1−42 activated NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome, which was inactivated by pterostilbene. In addition, the inhibitor of caspase‐1 Z‐YVAD‐FMK attenuated the Aβ1−42‐induced neuroinflammation in BV‐2 cells. In conclusion, pterostilbene attenuated the neuroinflammatory response induced by Aβ1−42 in microglia through inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome pathway, indicating that pterostilbene might be an effective therapy for AD.
Long non‐coding RNA PlncRNA‐1 promotes cell proliferation and hepatic metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jia Gui‐Qing , Zhang Ming‐Ming , Wang Kang , Zhao Gao‐Ping , Pang Ming‐Hui , Chen Zhe‐Yu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence has identified that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of PlncRNA‐1 in CRC remains unclear. The aim of our present study was to investigate the potential functions of PlncRNA‐1 in CRC and to identify the underlying mechanisms of action. We demonstrated that up‐regulated PlncRNA‐1 in CRC tissues and cells promoted cell proliferation by accelerating cell cycle process and inhibiting cell apoptosis in vitro, enhanced tumor growth and matastasis in vivo and was associated with cell migration and invasion, EMT process of CRC cells. In addition, PlncRNA‐1 was a target of miR‐204 and enhanced the expression of an endogenous miR‐204 target, MMP9 in CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that PlncRNA‐1 activates Wnt/β‐catenin pathway through the miR‐204 in CRC cells. These results suggest that the PlncRNA‐1/miR‐204/ Wnt/β‐catenin regulatory network may shed light on tumorigenesis in CRC.
Evaluation of the clinical application of multiple tumor marker protein chip in the diagnostic of lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Yi , Sun Liangqi , Wang Shuaiping , Nie Jing , Zhao Wenqing , Zheng Guobao 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe early diagnostic of lung cancer plays an important role in the prognosis of surgical treatment among lung cancer patients. To evaluate the clinical application of multi‐tumor markers protein biochip in the diagnosis of lung cancer, 12 tumor markers were detected in patients with different stages of lung cancer.MethodsSerum CA125, CA19‐9, Ferritin, CA15‐3, CA242, CEA, AFP, NSE, PSA, f‐PSA, HGH, and β‐HGH were assessed in 506 patients, with 224 patients with lung cancer (including 123 cases of adenocarcinoma, 30 squamous cell carcinoma, 54 small‐cell carcinoma, and 17 non classification), 159 patients with benign lung disease and 90 healthy people control by the C‐12 multiple tumor protein‐chip detective system.ResultsThe positive rate of C‐12 (77.23%) in lung cancer was significantly higher than that of benign lung disease (13.84%) and healthy people (9.76%) (P < .01). In lung cancer, the positive rate of CA199, NSE, CEA, CA242, Ferritin, f‐PSA, and CA125 were significantly higher than that of benign lung disease and healthy people. In adenocarcinoma, the positive rate of CA125 (73.53%) was significantly higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (36.67%) and small‐cell carcinoma (56.62%).ConclusionThe C‐12 multiple tumor protein‐chip detective system has acceptable sensitivity in the diagnostic of lung cancer.
Spouses' prenatal autonomous motivation to have a child and postpartum depression symptoms
Authors: Reut Nachoum , Kanat‐ Maymon Yaniv 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesMaternal postpartum depression symptoms (PDS) are linked with negative personal, family, and child developmental outcomes. However, paternal PDS, let alone dyadic process, are understudied. Grounded in the Self‐Determination Theory of motivation, this longitudinal study examined whether mothers' and fathers' type of prenatal motivation to have a child predicted depression symptoms 3‐6 months after birth.MethodThe data (N = 90 heterosexual couples) were analyzed using the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model.
ResultsDyadic analyses showed that a person's prenatal autonomous motivation to have a child significantly predicted own PDS and partner's PDS. Importantly, these finding were equivalent across genders.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of dyadic prenatal motivational processes as antecedents of PDS.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental change in eastern Turkey: multi‐proxy palaeoecological data of vegetation and lake‐catchment changes
Authors: Bİltekİn Demet , Erİş Kürşad Kadİr , Çağatay Memet Namık , Ön Sena Akçer , Akkoca Dİcle Bal 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first pollen record from Lake Hazar, eastern Turkey, together with previously published multi‐proxy records from core Hz11‐P03. The data provide insight into multi‐centennial‐scale climatic changes during the late Pleistocene–Holocene period. The onset of the Younger Dryas was marked by an increase in the number of herbaceous plants (such as those in the families Poaceae and Asteraceae and the genus Centaurea) and lake level lowering with a −73 m erosional terrace on the lake margin. At the beginning of the early Holocene, the expansion of deciduous Quercus was attributed to significant afforestation due to high humidity that was presumably sufficient for the establishment of the oak forest. An increase in deciduous Quercus was maintained until the middle Holocene. An increase in herbaceous plants, and lower lake levels occurred during the late Holocene as a result of cold and dry climatic conditions. Moreover, a deciduous Quercus delay was not detected in Lake Hazar, indicating that the presence of a warm and humid climate created favourable conditions for oaks to expand at the onset of the early Holocene.
Covalent modification of soy protein isolate by (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate: effects on structural and emulsifying properties
Authors: Tao Fei , Jiang He , Chen Wenwei , Zhang Yongyong , Pan Jiarong , Jiang Jiaxin , Jia Zhenbao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoy protein isolate (SPI) has promising applications in various food products because of its excellent functional properties and nutritional quality. The structural and emulsifying properties of covalently modified SPI by (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) were investigated.RESULTSSPI was covalently modified by EGCG under alkaline conditions. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed that EGCG modification caused crosslinking of SPI proteins. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that the secondary structure of SPI proteins was changed by EGCG modification. In addition, the modifications resulted in the perturbation of the tertiary structure of SPI as evidenced by intrinsic fluorescence spectra and surface hydrophobicity measurements. Oil‐in‐water emulsions of modified SPI had smaller droplet sizes and better creaming stability compared to those from unmodified SPI.CONCLUSIONThe covalent modification by EGCG improved the emulsifying property of SPI. This study therefore provided an innovative approach for improving the emulsifying properties of proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of high‐intensity ultrasound treatment on functional properties of plum (Pruni domesticae semen) seed protein isolate
Authors: Xue Feng , Zhu Chengshu , Liu Fan , Wang Shenyan , Liu Haozhen , Li Chen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to improve the functional properties of plum seed protein isolate (PSPI), the effects of high‐intensity ultrasound (20 kHz) at different levels of power output (200, 400 and 600 W) on the water/oil holding, solubility, emulsifying, foaming, gel, film formation capacity and hydrolysis degrees of PSPI were investigated.RESULTSCompared with untreated PSPI, ultrasound treatment improved water holding capacity, solubility, emulsifying properties, foaming capacity of PSPI. The gel prepared from ultrasound treated PSPI showed the higher gel strength compared with untreated protein. The film prepared from ultrasound treated PSPI showed higher tensile strength, lower elongation and permeability, denser and more compact microstructure compared with untreated protein. Ultrasonic treatment also improved the accessibility of PSPI to the protease (Alcalase, Trypsin, Neutrase, Protamex, Papain and Flavourzyme). Furthermore, the ultrasonic treatment could induce a decrease in particle size and relative fluorescence intensity, an increase in surface hydrophobicity, and changes in secondary structure and microstructure of PSPI.CONCLUSIONThe changes in structure analysis of PSPI indicated that ultrasound treatment could induce molecular unfolding of protein, which might be helpful for improving the functional properties and efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of an acryloyl β‐cyclodextrin‐silica hybrid monolithic column and its application in pipette tip solid‐phase extraction and HPLC analysis of methyl parathion and fenthion
Authors: Chen Ling , Dang Xueping , Ai Youhong , Chen Huaixia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn acryloyl β‐cyclodextrin‐silica hybrid monolithic column for pipette tip solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography determination of methyl parathion and fenthion has been prepared through a sol–gel polymerization method. The synthesis conditions, including the volume of cross‐linker and the ratio of inorganic solution to organic solution, were optimized. The prepared monolithic column was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The eluent type, volume and flow rate, sample volume, flow rate, acidity, and ionic strength were optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a simple and sensitive pipette tip solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of methyl parathion and fenthion in lettuce. The method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration ranges of 15–400 μg/kg for methyl parathion and 20–400 μg/kg for fenthion with correlation coefficients of above 0.9957. The limits of detection were 4.5 μg/kg for methyl parathion and 6.0 μg/kg for fenthion, respectively. The recoveries of methyl parathion and fenthion spiked in lettuce ranged from 96.0 to 104.2% with relative standard deviations less than 8.4%.
Huntington's disease: Current and future therapeutic prospects
Authors: Kieburtz Karl , Reilmann Ralf , Olanow C. Warren 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHuntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which therapies are woefully inadequate and do not prevent inevitable progression. Currently approved therapies are primarily aimed at treating chorea, but do not address the more clinically meaningful motor, behavioral, and cognitive features of the disease. However, there are a number of promising new therapies that are currently being studied in the laboratory, and in the clinic. This article will review the wide variety of therapies currently being tested, the advances in clinical trials and end points, and the many potentially relevant new targets. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A full D‐band CMOS envelope detector for high‐speed OOK wireless communication
Authors: Suh Bohee , Jeon Sanggeun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents a D‐band CMOS envelope detector (ED) used for a wideband on‐off‐keying (OOK) receiver. The ED consists of an input balun and a differential common‐source pair. The input balun is designed in a low‐loss rat‐race coupler. The baseband output signal is taken at the common node of the differential pair while the carrier is simultaneously suppressed. The ED is fabricated in a low‐cost 65‐nm bulk CMOS technology. The measured average responsivity and noise equivalent power are 1.16 kV/W and 234 pW/Hz1/2, respectively, from 110 to 170 GHz. To demonstrate its high‐speed demodulation capability, the ED is employed as an OOK receiver along with an on‐chip D‐band amplifier. The receiver demodulates the OOK signal of up to 4 Gbps through the air channel over a distance of 0.11 m. Furthermore, an air‐channel transfer of high‐definition video signal complying with the SMPTE 292M standard is successfully demonstrated using the receiver.
A compact slotted patch antenna for breast tumor detection
Authors: Islam M. Tarikul , Samsuzzaman M. , Rahman M. N. , Islam M. T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new efficient, comprehensive, and compact breast phantom measurement scheme with microstrip patch antenna is presented. The radiating element of the antenna is modified by cutting slots in both patch and ground plane for enhancing the electrical length and achieving omnidirectional radiation pattern with high gain. This methodology increases the operating frequency and as well as gain and efficiency without affecting the dimension of the antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna is 23 mm × 21 mm. The fractional bandwidth of the antenna is near about 117% (3.1–12 GHz) for −10 dB return loss with omnidirectional radiation pattern. The result shows that the average gain is 4.7 dBi with a maximum of 6.2 dBi and maximum efficiency of 98% over the operating bandwidth. The proposed prototype is simulated, fabricated, and measured, and simulated results are properly analyzed. The fidelity factor for 2 scenario of face to face and side by side also observed. Various parameters of the antenna are studied on breast phantom model with tumor sample for validating the antennas performance on breast phantom measurement. A simulation model is proposed where the antennas act as a transceiver in breast phantom measurement system for detecting undesirable tumor cells interior to the breast.
Resonator based metamaterial sensor to detect unknown materials
Authors: Rahman Md. Naimur , Islam Mohammad T. , Md. Samsuzzaman Sobuz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA resonator based metamaterial sensor to detect unknown materials is proposed in this article. The metamaterial structure consists of a resonator, which is surrounded by a partial ground frame and excited by a microstrip feeding transmission line. Having a geometric size of 30 × 30 mm2, the metamaterial is printed on Rogers RO3010 (tm) substrate with the relative permittivity of 10.2. Numbers of unit cells are needed for traditional metamaterial design, whereas the proposed metamaterial structure has only one cell, which can achieve the metamaterial properties. The aim of the study is to apply the metamaterial in sensor applications and the results exhibit that the metamaterial is appropriate for the microwave sensor applications.