bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution and its reactions behavior on the surfaces of granular Fe–Mn binary oxides
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Yu Zhenya , Zhu Yingjie 
Published: September 2018

A granular Fe–Mn binary oxide (GFMO) was prepared for Cr(VI) removal and characterized by its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images of the GFMO showed it had a rough surface and heterogeneous porous structure. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area was 57.64 m2/g. X‐ray photoelectron spectra showed that manganese and iron existed mainly in the +IV and + III oxidation states, respectively. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by the GFMO was investigated. Kinetic data showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption onto the GFMO followed a pseudo‐second‐order model, indicating that the adsorption process was chemisorption. Equilibrium data were analyzed by both the Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Langmuir isotherm model fitted better with the maximum adsorption capacity of 16.79 mg/g at 318 K. The Cr(VI) adsorption on GFMO was endothermic and nonspontaneous in nature. It was also strongly pH dependent, with higher Cr(VI) removal efficiency occurring under acidic conditions and a sharp decrease in adsorption as the pH increased. Coexisting anions competed with Cr(VI) for adsorption on the GFMO in the order silicate > sulfate > nitrate. Cr(VI) adsorption on the GFMO mainly occurred via anion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction.Novelty or Significance: Combined adsorbent with iron oxides and manganese oxides was usually synthesized for heavy metal removal and showed an excellent adsorption capacity. However, the Fe–Mn binary oxide adsorbent mentioned above were mostly exhibited in particles, limiting its engineering application due to the dispersion state in aqueous solutions. Therefore, novel granular Fe–Mn oxide adsorbents, with good stability and high adsorption capacity, are highly desired. A novel granular Fe–Mn oxide (GFMO) adsorbent with the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the adhesive was synthesized to investigate its adsorption behaviors for Cr(VI) for further used as filler in most water treatment equipment. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S176–S184, 2019
Organic carbon fluxes of a glacier surface: A case study of Foxfonna, a small Arctic glacier
Authors: Koziol Krystyna A. , Moggridge Helen L. , Cook Joseph M. , Hodson Andy J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArctic glaciers are rapidly responding to global warming by releasing organic carbon (OC) to downstream ecosystems. The glacier surface is arguably the most biologically active and biodiverse glacial habitat and therefore the site of important OC transformation and storage, although rates and magnitudes are poorly constrained. In this paper, we present measurements of OC fluxes associated with atmospheric deposition, ice melt, biological growth, fluvial transport and storage (in superimposed ice and cryoconite debris) for a supraglacial catchment on Foxfonna glacier, Svalbard (Norway), across two consecutive years. We found that in general atmospheric OC input (averaging 0.63 ± 0.25 Mg a‐1 total organic carbon, i.e. TOC, and 0.40 ± 0.22 Mg a‐1 dissolved organic carbon, i.e. DOC) exceeded fluvial OC export (0.46 ± 0.04 Mg a‐1 TOC and 0.36 ± 0.03 Mg a‐1 DOC). Early in the summer, OC was mobilised in snowmelt but its release was delayed by temporary storage in superimposed ice on the glacier surface. This delayed the export of 28.5% of the TOC in runoff. Biological production in cryoconite deposits was a negligible potential source of OC to runoff, while englacial ice melt was far more important on account of the glacier's negative ice mass balance (–0.89 and –0.42 m a‐1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively). However, construction of a detailed OC budget using these fluxes shows an excess of inputs over outputs, resulting in a net retention of OC on the glacier surface at a rate that would require c. 3 years to account for the OC stored as cryoconite debris. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaking rocks made easy. Blending stress control concepts to advance geomorphology
Authors: Voigtländer Anne , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAll landscapes are subject to stress fields, conditioned by their formation and ongoing tectonic and geomorphic changes. With this ESEX Commentary we wish to stimulate a debate on this invisible but persistent stress control on landforms, processes and materials in geomorphology. We address the legacy of active and passive stress fields, which translates into the concept of ‘tectonic predesign’, in conjunction with a perspective of geomorphic processes being driven by subcritical stresses. These concepts complement each other as ‘subcritical processes’ are controlled by tectonic predesign and in turn modulate the stress fields. This offers new theoretical and practical perspectives on how landscapes evolve, processes form materials and how rocks break easily. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental exposure to silver nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations alters swimming behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: González Eduardo A. , Carty Dennis R. , Tran Franklin D. , Cole Austin M. , Lein Pamela J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are ubiquitous in household and medical products because of their antimicrobial activity. A consequence of the high volume of Ag-NP production and usage is increased amounts of Ag-NPs released into the environment. Their small size (1–100 nm) results in unique physiochemical properties that may increase toxicity relative to their bulk counterpart. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess the potential toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of Ag-NPs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Wild-type tropical 5D zebrafish embryos were exposed to Ag-NPs from 4 to 120 h postfertilization at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 ppm (mg/L). Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry confirmed concentration-dependent uptake of Ag into zebrafish as well as bioaccumulation over time. A morphological assessment revealed no significant hatching impairment, morphological abnormalities, or mortality at any concentration or time point examined. However, assessment of photomotor behavior at 3 d postfertilization (dpf) revealed significant hyperactivity in the 0.3, 1, and 3 ppm Ag-NP treatment groups. At 4 dpf, significant hyperactivity was observed only in the 3 ppm treatment group, whereas 5 dpf larvae exposed to Ag-NPs displayed no significant abnormalities in photomotor behavior. These findings suggest that nonteratogenic concentrations of Ag-NPs are capable of causing transient behavioral changes during development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3018–3024. © 2018 SETAC
Characterizing toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, to benthic invertebrates
Authors: Besser John M. , Steevens Jeff , Kunz James L. , Brumbaugh William G. , Ingersoll Christopher G. , Cox Stephen , Mebane Christopher , Balistrieri Laurie , Sinclair Jesse , MacDonald Don 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Sediments from the Upper Columbia River, Washington, USA, are contaminated with metals from smelting operations. We conducted short-term and long-term tests with the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca and short-term tests with the freshwater mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea with 54 sediments from the Upper Columbia River to characterize thresholds for toxicity of metals to benthic invertebrates. Test sediments were screened for toxicity by comparisons with low-metal reference sediments. Toxic effects on amphipods occurred primarily in sediments from the upstream (riverine) reach, and toxic effects on midges occurred in sediments from both the upstream reach and the downstream (reservoir) reach. Little toxicity was observed in mussel tests. Toxicity thresholds (20% effect concentrations [EC20s]) for metals in sediment and porewater were estimated from logistic concentration–response models. Copper (Cu) concentrations in the simultaneously extracted metal fraction of sediments and bioavailable Cu in porewater, as characterized by biotic ligand models, had consistent associations with toxicity endpoints. Concentration–response models for sediment Cu produced EC20s for 6 endpoints, with long-term amphipod survival and reproduction being the most sensitive. A logistic regression model fitted to an endpoint sensitivity distribution for sediment Cu predicted that approximately one-half of the sediments tested would be toxic to at least one endpoint and that approximately 20% of test sediments would be toxic to more than half of the endpoints. These results indicate that sediments from the upstream reach of the Upper Columbia River, which contain high concentrations of metals associated with slags, cause a wide range of toxic effects in laboratory tests and are likely to have adverse effects on benthic invertebrate communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3102–3114. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Does geographic location matter to stock return predictability?
Authors: Boubaker Sabri , Chkir Imed , Chourou Lamia , Saadi Samir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBuilding on recent and growing evidence that geographic location influences information diffusion, this paper examines the relation between firm's location and the predictability of stock returns. We hypothesize that returns on a portfolio composed of firms located in central areas are more likely to follow a random walk than returns on a portfolio composed of firms located in remote areas. Using a battery of variance ratio tests, we find strong and robust support for our prediction. In particular, we show that the returns on a portfolio composed of the 500 largest urban firms follow a random walk; however, all variance ratio tests reject the random walk hypothesis for a portfolio that includes the 500 largest rural firms. Our results are robust to alternative definitions of firm's location and portfolio formation.
Somatic mutational profiles of stage II and III gastric cancer according to tumor microenvironment immune type
Authors: Koh Jiwon , Nam Soo Kyung , Roh Hanseong , Kim Jonghyuk , Lee Byung‐Chul , Kim Jin Won , Ahn Sang‐Hoon , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Park Kyoung Un , Chung Jin Haeng , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Hye Seung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe aimed to determine somatic mutational profiles of stage II/III gastric cancers (GCs) according to their tumor microenvironment immune types (TMITs), which classify cancer based on co‐assessment of PD‐L1 expression and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Eighty patients with stage II/III GC were classified as follows: TMIT I (PD‐L1+/CD8High), TMIT II (PD‐L1−/CD8Low), TMIT III (PD‐L1+/CD8Low), and TMIT IV (PD‐L1−/CD8High). Deep targeted sequencing using a panel of 170 cancer‐related genes was performed on an Illumina HiSeq‐2500 system. Most frequently mutated genes included GNAQ (41.3%), TP53 (38.8%), CREBBP (35.0%), and MAP3K1 (35.0%). PIK3CA mutations were observed more frequently in TMIT I (45.8%) and III (66.7%), than in II (12.0%) and IV (8.0%). Other genes with enriched mutations within TMIT I included ATM (33.3%), BRCA2 (33.3%), MAP3K4 (29.2%), and FLT4 (25.0%). FGFR3, MAP3K1, and RUNX1 mutations were more frequently found in TMIT II. TMIT III had a unique somatic mutation profile harboring enriched mutations of histone modifiers including CREBBP and KMT2A, and we found FGFR2 amplification exclusively within TMIT IV. Fuzzy clustering analysis based on somatic mutation frequencies identified a hypermutated group (cluster 1) and a hypomutated group (cluster 2). Cluster 1 had significant associations with TMIT I, EBV+ GCs, and MSI‐H GCs (P = .023, .014, and .004), and had better overall survival (P = .057) than Cluster 2. TMIT I, EBV+, and MSI‐H GCs were estimated to have greater tumor mutational burden (P = .023, .003, and .015). By analyzing somatic mutation profiles according to TMIT classification, we identified TMIT‐specific genetic alterations that provide clues for biological linkage between GC genetics and microenvironment.
Mapping adolescent reward anticipation, receipt, and prediction error during the monetary incentive delay task
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Bennett Marc , Orr Catherine , Icke Ilknur , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Schumann Gunter , Whelan Robert ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe functional neuroanatomy and connectivity of reward processing in adults are well documented, with relatively less research on adolescents, a notable gap given this developmental period's association with altered reward sensitivity. Here, a large sample (n = 1,510) of adolescents performed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilistic maps identified brain regions that were reliably responsive to reward anticipation and receipt, and to prediction errors derived from a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions analyses were used to examine functional connections throughout reward processing. Bilateral ventral striatum, pallidum, insula, thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, midbrain, motor area, and occipital areas were reliably activated during reward anticipation. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus exhibited positive and negative activation, respectively, during reward receipt. Bilateral ventral striatum was reliably active following prediction errors. Previously, individual differences in the personality trait of sensation seeking were shown to be related to individual differences in sensitivity to reward outcome. Here, we found that sensation seeking scores were negatively correlated with right inferior frontal gyrus activity following reward prediction errors estimated using a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated widespread cortical and subcortical connectivity during reward processing, including connectivity between reward‐related regions with motor areas and the salience network. Males had more activation in left putamen, right precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus during reward anticipation. In summary, we found that, in adolescents, different reward processing stages during the MID task were robustly associated with distinctive patterns of activation and of connectivity.
Altered structural and functional brain network overall organization predict human intertemporal decision‐making
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Hu Xingwang , Chen Qi , Feng Tingyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntertemporal decision‐making is naturally ubiquitous to us: individuals always make a decision with different consequences occurring at different moments. These choices are invariably involved in life‐changing outcomes regarding marriage, education, fertility, long‐term well‐being, and even public policy. Previous studies have clearly uncovered the neurobiological mechanism of the intertemporal decision in the schemes of regional location or sub‐network. However, it still remains unclear how to characterize intertemporal behavior with multimodal whole‐brain network metrics to date. Here, we combined diffusion tensor image and resting‐state functional connectivity MRI technology, in conjunction with graph‐theoretical analysis, to explore the link between topological properties of integrated structural and functional whole‐brain networks and intertemporal decision‐making. Graph‐theoretical analysis illustrated that the participants with steep discounting rates exhibited the decreased global topological organizations including small‐world and rich‐club regimes in both functional and structural connectivity networks, and reflected the dreadful local topological dynamics in the modularity of functional connectome. Furthermore, in the cross‐modalities configuration, the same relationship was predominantly observed for the coupling of structural–functional connectivity as well. Above topological metrics are commonly indicative of the communication pattern of simultaneous global and local parallel information processing, and it thus reshapes our accounts on intertemporal decision‐making from functional regional/sub‐network scheme to multimodal brain overall organization.
Functional plasticity of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in depression reorganized by electroconvulsive therapy: Validation in two independent samples
Authors: Bai Tongjian , Wei Qiang , Zu Meidan , Xie Wen , Wang Jiaojian , Gong‐Jun Ji , Yu Fengqiong , Tian Yanghua , Wang Kai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have implied a key role for the prefrontal cortex in the antidepressive effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, there is still ubiquitous inconsistency across these studies, partly due to several confounding effects induced by the use of different samples. Studies with independent samples are necessary for validations to minimize confounding effects. In the current study, resting‐state magnetic resonance imaging of 84 participants was collected using two scanners and two types of scanning parameters. One sample consisted of 28 patients and 23 healthy controls, and the other sample consisted of 33 patients. The local activity (indexed by the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations) and functional connectivity were used to examine functional plasticity in the two independent samples before and after ECT. Both samples showed increased local activity of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and enhanced connectivity of the DMPFC with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) following ECT. The enhanced connectivity between the DMPFC and PCC was positively associated with clinical improvement for both samples. These findings provide relatively strong evidence to support the functional plasticity of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and reorganization by ECT. The functional plasticity of the DMPFC‐PCC may underlie the antidepressive effect of ECT.
Serum Interleukin‐8, Osteopontin, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 Are Associated With Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Glass Oliver , Henao Ricardo , Patel Keyur , Guy Cynthia D. , Gruss Hans J. , Syn Wing‐Kin , Moylan Cynthia A. , Streilein Robert , Hall Russell , Mae Diehl Anna , Abdelmalek Manal F. 
Published: September 2018

The severity of hepatic fibrosis is the primary predictor of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, noninvasive serum biomarkers for NAFLD‐associated fibrosis are limited. We analyzed baseline serum samples for 24 cytokines of 97 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. These patients were prospectively enrolled in a clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00794716) to identify cytokines associated with liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients were stratified according to severity of hepatic fibrosis (mild, stage 0‐1, n = 37; moderate, stage 2, n = 40; and advanced, stage 3‐4, n = 20) while controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), osteopontin (OPN), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) were associated with liver fibrosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.016, respectively). After controlling for steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome status, IL‐8 remained strongly associated with fibrosis (P = 0.001). Furthermore, IL‐8 was also a strong predictor of increased fibrotic liver injury compared to established markers of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic gene expression from 72 patients with NAFLD (n = 40 mild fibrosis; n = 32 advanced fibrosis) from the Duke University Health System NAFLD Clinical Database and Biorepository revealed IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN gene expression to be increased and differentially expressed in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Thus, serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN may reflect up‐regulated gene expression during liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Conclusion: Serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN may serve as a test for advanced hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD and thus reveal novel targets for antifibrotic therapies. The increased serum IL‐8, MCP1, and OPN that correspond with associated hepatic gene expression lend strength to such analytes as ideal surrogate serum biomarkers for severity of hepatic fibrosis.
Differential effects of adolescent and adult‐initiated exercise on cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: O'Leary James D. , Hoban Alan E. , Murphy Ashley , O'Leary Olivia F. , Cryan John F. , Nolan Yvonne M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for postnatal brain maturation and thus a time when environmental influences may affect cognitive processes in later life. Exercise during adulthood has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis and enhance cognition. However, the impact of exercise initiated in adolescence on the brain and behavior in adulthood is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of voluntary exercise that is initiated during adolescence or early adulthood on cognitive performance in hippocampal‐dependent and ‐independent processes using both object‐based and touchscreen operant paradigms. Adult (8 week) and adolescent (4 week) male Sprague–Dawley rats had access to a running wheel (exercise) or were left undisturbed (sedentary control) for 4 weeks prior to behavioral testing and for the duration of the experiment. Results from touchscreen‐based tasks showed that reversal learning was enhanced by both adult and adolescent‐initiated exercise, while only exercise that began in adolescence induced a subtle but transient increase in performance on a location discrimination task. Spontaneous alternation in the Y‐maze was impaired following adolescent onset exercise, while object memory was unaffected by either adult or adolescent‐initiated exercise. Adolescent‐initiated exercise increased the number of hippocampal DCX cells, an indicator of neurogenesis. It also promoted the complexity of neurites on DCX cells, a key process for synaptic integration, to a greater degree than adult‐initiated exercise. Together the data here show that exercise during the adolescent period compared to adulthood differentially affects cognitive processes and the development of new hippocampal neurons in later life.