bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and outcomes of fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing following prophylactic swallowing rehabilitation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Patterson Joanne , Toft Kate , McAuley Fiona , King Emma , McLachlan Kirsty , Roe Justin W. G. , Wells Mary 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesInvestigate the feasibility and outcomes of fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) following a programme of prophylactic swallowing exercises in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with radiotherapy.DesignProspective, single cohort, feasibility study.SettingThree head and neck cancer centres in Scotland.ParticipantsPre‐radiotherapy HNC patients who consented to participate in a prophylactic swallowing intervention.Outcome measuresFibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing recruitment and retention rates, assessment acceptability and compliance, qualitative process evaluation.ResultsHigher rates of recruitment and retention were achieved in centres where FEES equipment was available on‐site. Travel and anticipated discomfort were barriers to recruitment. Data completion was high for all rating scales, with good reliability. Following radiotherapy, swallowing safety significantly deteriorated for liquid boluses (P = 0.005‐0.03); pharyngeal residue increased for liquid and semi‐solid boluses. Pharyngo‐laryngeal oedema was present pre‐treatment and significantly increased post‐radiotherapy (P = 0.001). Patients generally reported positive experience of FEES for their own learning and establishing a baseline.ConclusionsFibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is an acceptable method of assessing patients for a prophylactic swallowing intervention and offers some additional information missing from VF. Barriers have been identified and should be taken into account in order to maximise recruitment for future trials.
Turkish validation of the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22
Authors: Cakir Cetin Asli , Kumus Ozgur , Keskinoglu Pembe , Sutay Semih , Ecevit Mustafa Cenk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)‐22 is a widely used health‐related quality of life questionnaire. This study aimed to conduct a translation and validation study of the SNOT‐22 in the Turkish language.DesignWe achieved a convenient translation and cultural adaptation process to translate the original SNOT‐22 into the Turkish language (observational prospective cohort study).SettingThis study was conducted in a single tertiary‐level university hospital.ParticipantsWe performed reliability, validity and responsiveness analyses in 313 participants. One hundred eighty‐nine of the participants were the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) group, and 79 healthy volunteers enrolled in the control group. Twenty‐nine participants who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS were evaluated for pre‐postoperative responsiveness analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresReliability (internal consistency and test‐retest reproducibility), validity, responsiveness, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.909 in the CRS test group, 0.955 in the CRS retest group, and 0.916 in the control group. The reliability value (Pearson correlation coefficient) of the test‐retest group was 0.901. The validity was assessed by the independent sample t‐test between the CRS and control groups and resulted in a significant difference (P < 0.001). Responsiveness was interpreted using the paired t‐test between pre‐ and post‐medical and pre‐ and post‐surgical treatment groups; statistical analysis found significance in both groups (P < 0.001). When using the SNOT‐22 cut‐off value of 33.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the Turkish version of the SNOT‐22 was 54.5% and 75.9%, respectively (95% CI, area under the curve (AUC): 0.69, range 0.624â€“0.756, P = 0.000).ConclusionsThe authors suggest that the Turkish SNOT‐22 is a valid, reliable, reproducible and responsive questionnaire.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by synthetic rubber gloves in healthcare workers: Sensitization to 1,3‐diphenylguanidine is common
Authors: Dejonckheere Guillaume , Herman Anne , Baeck Marie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of allergic contact dermatitis has significantly increased in healthcare workers since the transition from latex to synthetic rubber gloves, with 1,3‐diphenylguanidine being identified as the most frequently implicated allergen.ObjectivesTo highlight the role of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine as the culprit allergen in contact allergies to synthetic rubber gloves, to propose recommendations for patch testing, and to discuss alternatives for sensitized subjects.Materials and methodsPatch test data from healthcare workers who developed hand dermatitis after wearing rubber gloves and who reacted positively to glove samples and rubber additives were collected from September 2010 to December 2017 in a Belgian hospital.ResultsA total of 44 caregivers were included in this study. Patch tests showed that: (a) 84% of the study population reacted positively to carba mix; (b) 86% reacted positively to 1,3‐diphenylguanidine; and (c) 13 (30%) reacted positively to thiuram mix. Half of the subjects reacted positively to gloves containing 1,3‐diphenylguanidine, whereas none reacted to accelerator‐free gloves.ConclusionThe most commonly identified allergen was 1,3‐diphenylguanidine, far ahead of thiurams, which were previously described as the most sensitizing accelerators. The use of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine‐free gloves is recommended. No subject reacted to gloves without accelerators, thus confirming their efficiency among accelerator‐sensitized patients. We recommend that 1,3‐diphenylguanidine be added to the European baseline series.
The dynamics of proclaimed privately protected areas in South Africa over 83 years
Authors: De Vos Alta , Clements Hayley S. , Biggs Duan , Cumming Graeme S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractViews that protected area (PA) expansion relies predominantly on land purchased by government are increasingly being challenged. The inclusion of privately owned PAs (PPAs) in national conservation strategies is now commonplace, but little is known about their long‐term persistence and how it compares to that of state‐owned PAs. We undertook the first long‐term assessment of the dynamics of a national system of terrestrial PPAs, assessing its growth, as well as its resilience to downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD). Between 1926 and 2018, 6.2% of all private nature reserves established in South Africa were degazetted, compared to 2.2% of state‐owned nature reserves. Privately owned PA growth exceeded that of state‐owned PAs. Trends in PA establishment differed between privately owned and state‐owned PAs, reflecting different legislative, political, and economic events. Our findings highlight the value of enabling legislative environments to facilitate PPA establishment, and demonstrate the potential of PPAs as a long‐term conservation strategy.
Single‐center, real‐world experience with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for management of leukopenia following kidney transplantation
Authors: Hamel Stephanie , Kuo Vicky , Sawinski Deirdre , Johnson David , Bloom Roy D. , Bleicher Melissa , Goral Simin , Lim Mary Ann , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeukopenia is a frequent complication following kidney transplantation. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) has been used to accelerate white blood cell (WBC) count recovery; however, published experience in kidney transplantation is limited.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our kidney transplant recipients from January 2012 to September 2016 with a G‐CSF order to evaluate leukopenia management (defined as WBC <3000 cells/μL).ResultsThirty‐six recipients were included. On average, G‐CSF treatment began at 98 ± 38 days. At G‐CSF initiation, mean WBC count was 1240 ± 420 cells/μL and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 653 ± 368 cells/μL. Mean G‐CSF dose was 4.6 ± 1.2 mcg/kg/dose (total 11.8 ± 9.0 mcg/kg), 77.8% of recipients were prescribed G‐CSF as outpatients, and overall, median time to WBC count recovery was 9 (IQR 4‐14) days. Changes in immunosuppression and prophylaxis regimens for leukopenia were also common. Within 1 month following leukopenia onset, no patients experienced acute rejection and 5 (14%) developed infection requiring hospitalization or opportunistic infection.ConclusionIn kidney recipients with leukopenia, G‐CSF may be helpful to achieve WBC count recovery in addition to changes in immunosuppression and prophylaxis medications. Prospective, randomized data are still needed to determine optimal G‐CSF dosing in this population.
The impact of intraoperative fluid management during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy on donor and recipient outcomes
Authors: Williams Aaron M. , Kumar Sathish S. , Bhatti Umar F. , Biesterveld Ben E. , Kathawate Ranganath G. , Sung Randall S. , Woodside Kenneth J. , Englesbe Michael J. , Alameddine Mitchell B. , Waits Seth A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative fluid management during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) may have a significant effect on donor and recipient outcomes. We sought to quantify variability in fluid management and investigate its impact on donor and recipient outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent LDN from July 2011 to January 2016 with paired kidney recipients at a single center was performed. Patients were divided into tertiles of intraoperative fluid management (standard, high, and aggressive). Donor and recipient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 413 paired kidney donors and recipients were identified. Intraoperative fluid management (mL/h) was highly variable with no correlation to donor weight (kg) (R = 0.017). The aggressive fluid management group had significantly lower recipient creatinine levels on postoperative day 1. However, no significant differences were noted in creatinine levels out to 6 months between groups. No significant differences were noted in recipient postoperative complications, graft loss, and death. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the number of total donor complications in the aggressive fluid management group.ConclusionsAggressive fluid management during LDN does not improve recipient outcomes and may worsen donor outcomes compared to standard fluid management.
Motivation of Parent–Child Co‐residence Behavior: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Yijie , Sun Wenkai , Wang Xianghong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the motivations of parent‐child co‐residence behavior in China using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We test three possible motives: social norms, self‐interest and altruism. We find that social norms play an important role in household co‐residence behavior, showing that the belief that “sons take care of parents” is strong, and children in different birth orders take different responsibilities. Taking the one‐child policy as a natural experiment, we compared co‐residence behavior between only‐child and multi‐child families. This allowed us to test whether children in multi‐child families with wealthier parents more often co‐reside in order to compete for a bequest. We find that parents' wealth is more appealing to children in multi‐child families. The results support the life cycle theory that co‐residence decisions are motivated by self‐interest. We also find some evidence of altruism when parents and children make co‐residence decisions. These findings provide some insights for designing future elder‐support policies in China.
Associations of physical activity levels and screen time with oral glucose tolerance test profiles in Singaporean women of reproductive age actively trying to conceive: the S‐PRESTO study
Authors: Bernard J. Y. , Ng S. , Natarajan P. , Loy S. L. , Aris I. M. , Tint M. T. , Chong Y.‐S. , Shek L. , Chan J. , Godfrey K. M. , Khoo C. M. , Leow M. K.‐S. , Müller‐Riemenschneider F. , Chan S.‐Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the associations of physical activity and screen time, a proxy for sedentary behaviour, with fasting and post‐load glucose levels in Singaporean women enrolled in a multi‐ethnic Asian preconception study.MethodsModerate and vigorous physical activity and screen time (television and other electronic devices) were self‐reported by women enrolled in the S‐PRESTO cohort. Fasting, 30‐min and 120‐min glucose levels before and during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test were measured. Associations of physical activity and screen time with glucose levels were analysed using multivariable linear marginal regression.ResultsA total of 946 women aged 31.4±3.7 years were examined, of whom 72% were of Chinese, 15.5% were of Malay, 9.3% were of Indian and 3.2% were of mixed ethnicity. A total of 32% of women reported being active, 36% watched television ≥2 h/day and 26% used electronic devices ≥3 h/day. In adjusted models, vigorous, but not moderate, physical activity was associated with lower overall glucose levels, and was associated more strongly with post‐challenge than fasting glucose levels. Compared to women not engaging in vigorous physical activity, those engaging in physical activity ≥75 min/week had lower mean fasting [–0.14 (95% CI –0.28, –0.01) mmol/l], 30‐min [0.35 (95% CI –0.68, –0.02) mmol/l] and 120‐min [–0.53 (95% CI –0.16, –0.90) mmol/l] glucose levels (overall P value=0.05). We found no associations of screen time with glucose levels.ConclusionsIndependently of the time spent in non‐vigorous physical activity and using screens, engaging in vigorous physical activity may be a modifiable factor to improve glucose regulation in women of Asian ethnicity who are attempting to conceive.
Prevalence of diabetes in Poland: a combined analysis of national databases
Authors: Topor‐Madry R. , Wojtyniak B. , Strojek K. , Rutkowski D. , Bogusławski S. , Ignaszewska‐Wyrzykowska A. , Jarosz‐Chobot P. , Czech M. , Kozierkiewicz A. , Chlebus K. , Jędrzejczyk T. , Mysliwiec M. , Polanska J. , Wysocki M.J. , Zdrojewski T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the number of people with diabetes in Poland using combined national sources and to evaluate the usefulness of data from an insurance system for epidemiological purposes.MethodsThe data were collected from four sources: 1) 2013 all‐billing records of the national insurance system comprising people of all age groups undergoing procedures or receiving services in primary healthcare, specialist practices and hospitals and also those receiving drugs; 2) an epidemiological study, NATPOL, that involved the assessment of people with undiagnosed diabetes; 3) the RECEPTOmetr Sequence study on prescriptions; and 4) regional child diabetes registries.ResultsIn 2013, 1.76 million people (0.98 million women and 0.79 million men) had medical consultations (coded E10‐E14) and 2.13 million people (1.19 million women and 0.94 million men) purchased drugs or strip tests for diabetes. A total of 0.04 million people who used medical services did not buy drugs. In total, the number of people with diabetes in the insurance system was 2.16 million (1.21 million women and 0.95 million men), which corresponds to 6.1% (95% CI 6.11–6.14) of women and 5.1% (95% CI 5.12–5.14) of men. Including undiagnosed cases, the total number of people with diabetes in Poland was 2.68 million in 2013.ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed cases) in Poland is 6.97%. Data from the national insurance system with full coverage of the population can be treated as a reliable source of information on diseases with well‐defined diagnosis and treatment methods, combined with an assessment of the number of undiagnosed individuals.
Step‐by‐step teaching method improves the learner achievement in dental skill training
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Liu Mingyue , Yang Yang , Fan Cong , Tan Jianguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of all‐in‐one and step‐by‐step teaching methods in dental skill training.MethodsForty first‐year dental residents were recruited into this study, which was a prospective, double‐blind and randomised controlled trial. The learners were randomly allocated to either the all‐in‐one group (control group, n = 20) or the step‐by‐step group (experimental group, n = 20). They performed crown preparation on a plastic tooth under different training course structures. For the all‐in‐one group, the course comprised three parts: the teacher's lecture and demonstration and the learner's practice. Every part was carried out independently in turn. For the step‐by‐step group, the course was divided into six parts according to the procedures of crown preparation: incisal preparation, facial preparation, interproximal preparation, lingual preparation, marginal preparation, and finishing and polishing. Every part, consisting of the teacher's lecture and demonstration and the learner's practice, was carried out step‐by‐step. Thereafter, the training outcome was evaluated by the learners, two experts and a digital system.ResultsFor the outcomes of the all‐in‐one group and the step‐by‐step group, the learners’ assessments were 6.15 ± 1.98 and 8.10 ± 1.41, the experts’ assessments were 7.00 ± 1.75 and 8.40 ± 1.10, and the digital assessments were 6.43 ± 1.20 and 7.62 ± 0.51, respectively. In terms of each evaluation index, there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Higher quality of crown preparation was attained in the step‐by‐step group.ConclusionThe step‐by‐step teaching method can improve the learner's achievement in dental skill training.
Blinding is compromised for transcranial direct current stimulation at 1 mA for 20 min in young healthy adults
Authors: Turi Zsolt , Csifcsák Gábor , Boayue Nya Mehnwolo , Aslaksen Per , Antal Andrea , Paulus Walter , Groot Josephine , Hawkins Guy E. , Forstmann Birte , Opitz Alexander , Thielscher Axel , Mittner Matthias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation method that is frequently used to study cortical excitability changes and their impact on cognitive functions in humans. While most stimulators are capable of operating in double‐blind mode, the amount of discomfort experienced during tDCS may break blinding. Therefore, specifically designed sham stimulation protocols are being used. The “fade‐in, short‐stimulation, fade‐out” (FSF) protocol has been used in hundreds of studies and is commonly believed to be indistinguishable from real stimulation applied at 1 mA for 20 min. We analysed subjective reports of 192 volunteers, who either received real tDCS (n = 96) or FSF tDCS (n = 96). Participants reported more discomfort for real tDCS and correctly guessed the condition above chance‐level. These findings indicate that FSF does not ensure complete blinding and that better active sham protocols are needed.
The T‐type calcium channel blocker Z944 reduces conditioned fear in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg and the non‐epileptic control strain
Authors: Marks Wendie N. , Zabder Nadine K. , Greba Quentin , Cain Stuart M. , Snutch Terrance P. , Howland John G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are a rodent model of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) that display a gain‐of‐function mutation in the gene encoding the Cav3.2 T‐type calcium channel. GAERS demonstrate heightened learning and delayed extinction of fear conditioning. Our objective in the present study was to examine the effects of the pan‐T‐type calcium channel blocker Z944 on the acquisition, consolidation and extinction of conditioned fear in GAERS and the non‐epileptic control (NEC) strain. Z944 (10 mg/kg; ip) was administered 15 min prior to either acquisition, extinction day 1 (24 hr later), acquisition and extinction day 1, or during the consolidation (post‐acquisition) of tone‐cued fear conditioning. Extinction was examined 24 and 48 hr after conditioning. In drug naïve GAERS, increased freezing during the acquisition and extinction phases of fear conditioning was found. Short‐term effects of Z944 on performance were observed as Z944 increased freezing during testing on the day it was administered. Z944 administered prior to the acquisition phase had a long‐term effect on extinction. Specifically, both GAERS and NECs showed a decrease in freezing during extinction relative to drug naïve GAERS and NEC rats respectively. Regardless of strain or treatment, female rats showed reduced extinction of fear relative to male rats. These results demonstrate that T‐type calcium channels contribute to the neural systems that mediate the learning and memory of conditioned fear. Overall, these findings suggest that T‐type calcium channel blockers show promise in the treatment of learning impairments observed in disorders such as CAE.
(CAG)n loci as genetic modifiers of age at onset in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 from mainland China
Authors: Wang P. , Chen Z. , Peng Y. , Cao L. , Li X. , Wang C. , Yang H. , Peng H. , Shi Y. , Zhou X. , Li T. , Feng L. , Wu C. , Qiu R. , Xia K. , Tang B. , Jiang H. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposeThe expanded repeat length in ATXN1 negatively correlates with age at onset (AAO) of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) but can explain only part of it, indicating that other factors affect AAO. Some studies have explored the influence of non‐causative CAG repeats on the AAO of SCA patients. However, studies on Chinese SCA1 patients regarding candidate modifier factors involved in the variability in AAO are rare.MethodsIn all, 152 Chinese SCA1 patients who were genotyped for ATXN1 and nine other (CAG)n‐containing genes were enrolled. Regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the expanded allele of ATXN1 (linear and quadratic effects) on AAO. Then, different models were used to explore the modulatory effect of nine other (CAG)n‐containing genes.ResultsOur results verified the negative effect of the expanded allele in ATXN1 by regression analysis. Some (CAG)n‐containing genes including TBP, ATN1 and HTT modified AAO with variance ranging from 0.8% to 3.8% and tended to decrease or delay AAO. However, no modifier effects of ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, ATXN7, KCNN3, RAI1 and normal ATXN1 alleles in trans were detected.ConclusionBy using interaction analyses, TBP, ATN1 and HTT were determined to have modifying effects. Our study revealed that differences in modulation may be due to ethnic and geographic diversity across different populations. Furthermore, the variability of AAO was not completely explained by the genetic modifiers examined here, suggesting that other genetic or environmental factors are involved in these diseases.