bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing Hidden UV Instabilities in Organic Solar Cells by Correlating Device and Material Stability
Authors: Classen Andrej , Heumueller Thomas , Wabra Isabell , Gerner Johannes , He Yakun , Einsiedler Lukas , Li Ning , Matt Gebhard J. , Osvet Andres , Du Xiaoyan , Hirsch Andreas , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs) surpassing 16% efficiency, stability becomes critical for commercialization. In this work, the power of using photoluminescence (PL) measurements on plain films is demonstrated, as well as high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis to reveal the origin of UV instabilities in OSCs based on the most commonly used acceptors PC70BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester), ITIC (3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene), and o‐IDTBR (indacenodithiophene‐based non‐fullerene acceptor). The UV dependent stability tests reveal instabilities in solar cells based on PC70BM and ITIC while devices based on o‐IDTBR are highly stable even under UV illumination. The analysis of solar cell devices based on charge extraction and sub‐bandgap external quantum efficiency only shows the UV‐dependent emergence of traps, while PL spectra of plain films on glass allows the disentanglement and identification of individual instabilities in multi‐component bulk‐heterojunction devices. In particular, the PL analysis demonstrates UV instabilities of PC70BM and ITIC toward the processing additive 1,8 diiodooctane (DIO). The chemical analysis reveals the in‐depth mechanism, by providing direct proof of photochemical reactions of PC70BM and ITIC with UV‐induced radicals of DIO. Based on this scientific understanding, it is shown how to stabilize PBQ‐QF:PC70BM devices.
An optimal switching approach toward cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone photovoltaic panel system under stochastic environment
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Li Zhi , Yano Akira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe operation of a stand‐alone photovoltaic (PV) system ultimately aims for the optimization of its energy storage. We present a mathematical model for cost‐effective control of a stand‐alone system based on a PV panel equipped with an angle adjustment device. The model is based on viscosity solutions to partial differential equations, which serve as a new and mathematically rigorous tool for modeling, analyzing, and controlling PV systems. We formulate a stochastic optimal switching problem of the panel angle, which is here a binary variable to be dynamically controlled under stochastic weather condition. The stochasticity comes from cloud cover dynamics, which is modeled with a nonlinear stochastic differential equation. In finding the optimal control policy of the panel angle, switching the angle is subject to impulsive cost and reduces to solving a system of Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman quasi‐variational inequalities (HJBQVIs). We show that the stochastic differential equation is well posed and that the HJBQVIs admit a unique viscosity solution. In addition, a finite‐difference scheme is proposed for the numerical discretization of HJBQVIs. A demonstrative computational example of the HJBQVIs, with emphasis on a stand‐alone experimental system, is finally presented with practical implications for its cost‐effective operation.
Optimizing the fold stability of the circularly permuted Trp‐cage motif
Authors: Graham Katherine A. , Byrne Aimee , Mason Micheal , Andersen Niels H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThrough optimization of the linker region and key stabilizing mutations, it has been possible to improve the stability of the circularly permuted (cp) Trp‐cage miniprotein. However, even the most stable Trp‐cage circular permutants are still less stable than the analogous standard topology (std) Trp‐cages. Extending mutational studies of Trp‐cage fold stability to cp‐species, including analogs lacking chain terminal charges, has uncovered and quantitated some additional stabilizing and destabilizing interactions. Upon protonation, the circular permutants are destabilized to a much greater extent than the standard topology series. End effects, particularly Coulombic interactions, appear to be more important for the cp‐series while the Y10/P4 interaction in the cp‐series is not as significant a stabilizing feature as the corresponding Y3/P19 in the standard topology series.
Generation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus cell factories with enhanced ascomycin production by combined elicitation and pathway‐engineering strategies
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wang Junhua , Yuan Jian , Jiang Lingyan , Jiang Xiaolong , Yang Bin , Zhao Guang , Liu Bin , Huang Di 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAscomycin (FK520) is a macrocyclic antibiotic that also exhibits antifungal and immunosuppressive activity. However, its relatively low titer and yield have hampered commercial application. Here, we have successfully constructed an efficient ascomycin‐producing strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus with high titer and yield, using a novel combinatorial engineering approach based on the identification of targets involved in both metabolic and transcriptional regulation. First, we investigated the effects of different chemicals on ascomycin accumulation and found that dimethyl sulfoxide best stimulated ascomycin overproduction. We next compared intracellular metabolic and transcriptional profiles after dimethyl sulfoxide and control treatments and identified potential target genes (zwf and aroA, involved in metabolic precursor pathways; and luxR, iclR, fadR, and fkbN, involved in transcriptional regulation). These candidate genes were then engineered to produce strains with individual and combinatorial overexpression. Combined overexpression of aroA, fkbN, and luxR resulted in the highest yield of ascomycin (1258.30 ± 33.49 mg/L), 4.12‐fold higher than the control yield (305.60 ± 16.90 mg/L). This integrative multilevel approach identified novel determinants involved in both metabolic and transcriptional regulation, resulting in the diversion of carbon flux towards ascomycin accumulation. This approach could be applied to boost the production of a variety of useful bacterial metabolites.
New 2‐Oxoimidazolidine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti‐BK Virus Activities in Vitro
Authors: Kornii Yurii , Chumachenko Svitlana , Shablykin Oleg , Prichard Mark N. , James Scott H. , Hartline Caroll , Zhirnov Victor , Brovarets Volodymyr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of novel 2‐oxoimidazolidine derivatives were synthesized and their antiviral activities against BK human polyomavirus type 1 (BKPyV) were evaluated in vitro. Bioassays showed that the synthesized compounds 1‐{[(4E)‐5‐(dichloromethylidene)‐2‐oxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene]sulfamoyl}piperidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (5) and N‐Cyclobutyl‐N′‐[(4E)‐5‐(dichloromethylidene)‐2‐oxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene]sulfuric diamide (4) exhibited moderate activities against BKPyV (EC50=5.4 and 5.5 μm, respectively) that are comparable to the standard drug Cidofovir. Compound 5 exhibited the same cytotoxicity in HFF cells and selectivity index (SI50) as Cidofovir. The selectivity index of compound 4 is three times less than that of Cidofovir due to the higher toxicity of this compound. Hence, these compounds may be taken as lead compound for further development of novel ant‐BKPyV agents.
Learning from research: Adapting interventions for sexual offending to improve outcomes
Authors: Völlm Birgit , Craissati Jackie , Grubin Don , Skett Sarah , Williams Fiona 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSexual behaviour towards another person who does not or cannot consent to it causes serious harm to its victims. Understandable tendencies towards isolating or shaming the offenders, however, may actually increase risks of recidivism and further such harms.AimThe study aims to consider evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for sex offenders, mainly in a U.K. context, across four areas: criminal justice system programmes, medication, interventions for sex offenders with personality disorder and a community‐based model for the reintegration—Circles of Support and Accountability, and identify key evidence gaps.MethodsWe searched for reviews in the following four strands of work—psychosocial programmes, medication, personality focused therapies, and Circles of Support and Accountability—and identified gaps in knowledge.FindingsRandomised controlled trials in this field are rare but have been achieved. Findings from more naturalistic outcome studies of sex offender treatment programmes are disappointing, but recidivism rates among released sex offender prisoners are low, regardless. Medication relying on substantial physiological change raises substantial ethical concerns. Not all sex offenders have a mental disorder but up to half have been diagnosed with a personality disorder, which may need specific treatment. Evidence is growing that lay work such as Circles of Support and Accountability is a valuable adjunct to other interventions.Conclusions and Implications for Future ResearchIn this field, where tensions between attributions swing between “madness” and “badness,” there is growing evidence for optimism that complexity of history and presentation can be met through cooperation between the many disciplines, integrative strategies, and wider community engagement. The need now is for large, prospective controlled trials of interventions, with long periods of follow‐up. Perhaps, the most exciting developments have come from the wider public. More research into the qualities of these volunteers might inform public education and health strategies supporting wider safety.
Discrimination against offenders with mental disorder
Authors: Grounds Adrian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMentally disordered offenders may suffer discrimination on the basis of mental disorder, or on the basis of being offenders, or both.AimsThe aim of this paper is to outline a framework for examining discrimination affecting mentally disordered offenders. It is argued that there should be systematic comparisons between offenders with mental disorder and nonoffenders with mental disorder in order to identify and characterise specific failures to ensure equivalence of mental health care; and systematic comparisons between offenders with mental disorder and offenders without mental disorder in order to identify how mental disorder may constitute a barrier to forms of support and constructive intervention available to other offenders.MethodsA critical review was conducted of official documents presenting criminal justice and mental health policy for England and Wales, principally since 2012, together with reports of inspectorate and oversight bodies and relevant research studies.FindingsThere is evidence that offenders with mental disorder may not be able to access mental health care equivalent to that for nonoffenders with mental disorder. There is also evidence that they may not be able to access interventions available to other offenders. Further disadvantage may arise in the criminal courts since, in England and Wales, if inpatient care is required, the powers of criminal courts to effect hospital admission under Part III of mental health legislation are weakened by the statutory requirement of information that places are available. This is discriminatory against offenders with mental disorder insofar as forms of court disposal for other offenders are not prevented by the capacity of criminal justice agencies.Conclusions and implicationsThe review supports the need for systematic comparisons to identify forms of disadvantage and discrimination experienced by mentally disordered offenders in relation to both mental health and criminal justice policies services.
Prediction of long‐term patient outcome after contemporary left main stenting using the SYNTAX and SYNTAX II scores: A comparative analysis from the FAIL‐II multicenter registry (failure in left main study with 2nd generation stents‐Cardiogroup III study)
Authors: Cerrato Enrico , Barbero Umberto , Quadri Giorgio , Ryan Nicola , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Tomassini Francesco , Quirós Alicia , Bellucca Simone , Conrotto Federico , Ugo Fabrizio , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Rolfo Cristina , Pavani Marco , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Gili Sebastiano , Iannaccone Mario , Debenedictis Michele , Baldassarre Doronzo , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Colombo Antonio , Varbella Ferdinando , Escaned Javier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsTo establish the value of the SYNTAX Score‐II (SS‐II) in predicting long‐term mortality of patients treated with left main PCI (LM‐PCI) using second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES).Methods and ResultsThe SYNTAX score (SS) and the SS‐II were calculated in 804 patients included in the FAILS‐2 registry (failure in left main study with 2nd generation stents). Patients were classified in low (SS‐II ≤33; n = 278, 34.6%), intermediate (SS‐II 34–43; n = 260, 32.3%) and high (SS‐II ≥44; n = 266, 33.1%) SS‐II tertiles. Primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. A significant difference in long‐term mortality was noted (5.2 ± 3.6 years): 4.1, 7.5, and 16.7% in low, mid and high SS‐II tertiles respectively (p < .001). SS‐II score was more accurate in predicting mortality than SS (AUC = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.67–0.79 vs. AUC = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.63, respectively; p < .001). SS‐II led to a reclassification in the risk of all‐cause mortality re‐allocating 73% of patients from the CABG‐only indication to PCI or equipoise PCI‐or‐CABG indication. Using multiple Cox regression analysis, SS‐II (HR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05–1.09; p < .001), along with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (HR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.03–2.66; p = .07) and Cardiogenic shock (CS) (HR: 2.82 (95%CI: 1.41–5.64; p = .003) were independent predictors of long‐term mortality. SS‐II (HR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.04–1.06; p < .001) along with Insulin dependent Type 2 DM (HR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.09–2.30.; p < .05), ACS (HR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.16–2.14; p < .001) and CS (HR: 2.02 95%CI 1.16–3.53; p < .05), were independent predictors of long‐term MACE.ConclusionThe SS‐II was superior to the SS in predicting outcomes associated with contemporary LM‐PCI. In this real‐world population, two clinical variables not included in the SS‐II, ACS and T2DM, were identified as additional markers of poor outcome.
Treatment of focal distal abdominal aortic stenosis with the GORE VIABAHN VBX balloon expandable covered stent
Authors: Whitbeck Matthew G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe incidence of focal infrarenal stenosis of the aorta is rare. Endovascular therapy has evolved as a first‐line treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease and has been shown to substantially improve health‐related quality of life. The 8 French sheath compatible, GORE VIABAHN VBX (GORE Flagstaff, AZ) balloon expandable covered stent offers the traditional benefits of a balloon expandable covered stent with a design that improves on flexibility. We report three cases with the use of this system for treatment of infrarenal stenosis of the aorta.
Facile Preparation of Inverse Nanoporous Cr2O3/Cu Catalysts for Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Shen Yongli , Xiao Zihui , Liu Jiangyun , Wang Zhifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe inverse oxide/metal structures represent a new class of heterogeneous catalysts with great research interests due to their diverse interfacial structures between oxides and metal supports, which often lead to unique catalytic properties. Herein, we report a facile and general strategy to prepare inverse catalysts with nanoporous structures by dealloying. As an example, inverse nanoporous Cr2O3/Cu (NP−Cr2O3/Cu) catalysts with a bi‐continuous nanoporous structure are fabricated by room temperature chemical dealloying of CrCuAl alloy in alkaline solution, which exhibit excellent performance in CO2 reduction to CO (reverse water‐gas shift, RWGS), significantly higher performance than the traditional Cu/Cr2O3 catalyst and inverse catalysts obtained by other traditional preparation methods. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show that CO2 reduction is evidently promoted by the synergistic effects of Cr2O3 cluster and nanoporous Cu. These results suggest a promising route for the preparation of various heterogeneous catalysts with tailored functionalities.
Sizing of Packed Deaeration Columns
Authors: Jaćimović Nikola , Genić Srbislav , Jaćimović Branislav 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRemoval of oxygen from feedwater is of paramount importance for safe boiler operation. Insufficient extraction of oxygen in deaeration vessels will lead to limited efficiency of oxygen scavengers and unsafe plant operation. The presented sizing procedure for packed deaeration columns is based on the similarity theory between heat and mass transfer and existing procedures. The goal of the proposed technique is not to achieve optimization of column dimensions, but to ensure that there is no undersizing of the packing height. This approach is justified considering the relatively low capital costs of deaeration columns in boiler plants. The proposed equations are based on an experimental setup involving several hundred operating regimes which have been verified and confirmed to have a high degree of accuracy.
A wnt2 ortholog in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus
Authors: Robert Nicolas , Hammami Firas , Lhomond Guy , Dru Philippe , Lepage Thierry , Schubert Michael , Croce Jenifer C. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMembers of the wnt gene family encode secreted glycoproteins that mediate critical intercellular communications in metazoans. Large‐scale genome and transcriptome analyses have shown that this family is composed of 13 distinct subfamilies. These analyses have further established that the number of wnt genes per subfamily varies significantly between metazoan phyla, highlighting that gene duplication and gene loss events have shaped the complements of wnt genes during evolution. In sea urchins, for example, previous work reported the absence of representatives of both the WNT2 and WNT11 subfamilies in two different species, Paracentrotus lividus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Recently, however, we identified a gene encoding a WNT2 ortholog in P. lividus and, based on that finding, we also reanalyzed the genome of S. purpuratus. Yet, we found no evidence of a bona fide wnt2 gene in S. purpuratus. Furthermore, we established that the P. lividus wnt2 gene is selectively expressed in vegetal tissues during embryogenesis, in a pattern that is similar, although not identical, to that of other P. lividus wnt genes. Taken together, this study amends previous work on the P. lividus wnt complement and reveals an unexpected variation in the number of wnt genes between closely related sea urchin species.
Maternal influences on body image and eating concerns among 7‐ and 8‐year‐old boys and girls: Cross‐sectional and prospective relations
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Damiano Stephanie R. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known regarding maternal influences on the body image and eating concerns of young children. The current study aimed to examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between maternal comments about their child's weight and shape and eating, and mothers' own body dissatisfaction and disordered eating on one hand, and their children's body esteem and disordered eating behaviors on the other.MethodChildren, n = 244 of the fifth wave, aged 7 years (58% female), and n = 194 of the sixth wave, aged 8 years (57% female), of the longitudinal Children's Body Image Development Study, in Melbourne, Australia were included. Mothers completed measures of body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and comments and concerns regarding their children's weight and eating behaviors. They also reported on their children's disordered eating behaviors. Children's body esteem was assessed through a child interview.ResultsFindings revealed cross‐sectional and prospective bivariate relationships between maternal comments and disordered eating behaviors among both boys and girls. Similar patterns of relationships emerged between maternal body dissatisfaction and lower child body esteem.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of conducting prevention within the family environment from a young age, and targeting both direct communication as well as parental body image and eating behaviors.
Going low to reach high: Small‐scale ChIP‐seq maps new terrain
Authors: Fosslie Madeleine , Manaf Adeel , Lerdrup Mads , Hansen Klaus , Gilfillan Gregor D. , Dahl John Arne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) enables mapping of specific histone modifications or chromatin‐associated factors in the genome and represents a powerful tool in the study of chromatin and genome regulation. Importantly, recent technological advances that couple ChIP with whole‐genome high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) now allow the mapping of chromatin factors throughout the genome. However, the requirement for large amounts of ChIP‐seq input material has long made it challenging to assess chromatin profiles of cell types only available in limited numbers. For many cell types, it is not feasible to reach high numbers when collecting them as homogeneous cell populations in vivo. Nonetheless, it is an advantage to work with pure cell populations to reach robust biological conclusions. Here, we review (a) how ChIP protocols have been scaled down for use with as little as a few hundred cells; (b) which considerations to be aware of when preparing small‐scale ChIP‐seq and analyzing data; and (c) the potential of small‐scale ChIP‐seq datasets for elucidating chromatin dynamics in various biological systems, including some examples such as oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development.This article is categorized under:
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates
Dynamic and stochastic systems as a framework for metaphysics and the philosophy of science
Authors: List Christian , Pivato Marcus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractScientists often think of the world (or some part of it) as a dynamical system, a stochastic process, or a generalization of such a system. Prominent examples of systems are (i) the system of planets orbiting the sun or any other classical mechanical system, (ii) a hydrogen atom or any other quantum–mechanical system, and (iii) the earth’s atmosphere or any other statistical mechanical system. We introduce a general and unified framework for describing such systems and show how it can be used to examine some familiar philosophical questions, including the following: how can we define nomological possibility, necessity, determinism, and indeterminism; what are symmetries and laws; what regularities must a system display to make scientific inference possible; how might principles of parsimony such as Occam’s Razor help when we make such inferences; what is the role of space and time in a system; and might they be emergent features? Our framework is intended to serve as a toolbox for the formal analysis of systems that is applicable in several areas of philosophy.