bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct transcriptome and traits of freshly dispersed
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cells
Authors: Kalia Manmohit , Sauer Karin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria assume two distinct lifestyles: the planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Additionally, dispersion has emerged as a third phenotype, accompanied by the distinct phenotypes and the unique expression of >600 genes. Here, we asked whether the distinct phenotype of dispersed cells is already apparent within minutes of egressing from the biofilm. We used RNA-seq to show that the physiology of freshly dispersed cells from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms is highly different from those of planktonic and biofilm cells, apparent by dispersed cells uniquely expressing 194 genes. Unique and differentially expressed genes relative to planktonic or biofilm cells include genes associated with type IV pili, pyoverdine, type III and type VI secretion systems, and antibiotic resistance that are downregulated in dispersed cells, whereas the transcript abundance of genes involved in swimming motility, Hxc type II secretion system and various other virulence factors, and metabolic and energy-generating pathways are increased, indicative of dispersion coinciding with an awakening and re-energizing of dispersed cells, and a switch in virulence, further apparent by freshly dispersed cells significantly subverting engulfment by macrophages. The findings suggest that dispersed cells display a distinct phenotype within minutes of egressing from the biofilm, with freshly dispersed cells already capable of efficiently evading phagocytosis.

IMPORTANCE
Dispersion is considered a transitionary phenotype, enabling bacteria to switch between the communal, biofilm lifestyle, where cells share resources and are protected from harmful conditions to the planktonic state. Here, we demonstrate that within minutes of leaving the biofilm, dispersed cells express genes and display phenotypic traits that are distinct from biofilms and planktonic cells. Our findings suggest that dispersed cells quickly adapt to a less structured and protected but more nutrient-rich environment, with this trade-off in environment coinciding with an awakening and a switch in virulence, specifically a switch from directly intoxicating host cells and potential competitors toward more broadly active virulence factors and strategies of evasion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dispersed cells’ distinct (trade-off) phenotype and their enhanced resilience so soon after egressing from the biofilm.
Different artificial feeding strategies shape the diverse gut microbial communities and functions with the potential risk of pathogen transmission to captive Asian small-clawed otters (
Aonyx cinereus
)
Authors: Gao Yuanda , Zhang Hangyu , Zhu Dapeng , Guo Long 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Captive otters raised in zoos are fed different artificial diets, which may shape gut microbiota. The objective is to evaluate the impacts of two different artificial diets on microbial communities and function capabilities and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in healthy otters’ feces. A total of 16 Asian small-clawed otters in two groups (
n
= 8) were selected. Group A otters were fed raw loaches supplemented with commercial cat food (LSCF) diet, and group B otters were fed raw crucian diet. The communities and functional capabilities of microbiota in feces were assessed with metagenomic sequencing. Captive otters fed two kinds of diets possessed different gut microbial communities and functional capabilities. Various pathogenic bacteria, like
Escherichia coli
and
Clostridium perfringens
, were enriched in the samples from the two groups, respectively. Most of the differential pathways of nutrient metabolism were significantly enriched in group A, and the distributions of carbohydrate enzymes in the two groups significantly differed from each other. Multiple resistance genes markedly accumulated in fecal samples of the group A otters with LSCF diet. Higher concentrations of SCFAs were also observed in group A otters. Two feeding strategies were both likely to facilitate the colonization and expansion of various pathogenic bacteria and the accumulation of resistance genes in the intestines of captive otters, suggesting that risk of pathogen transmission existed in the current feeding process. Commercial cat food could supplement various nutrients and provide a substrate for the production of SCFAs, which might be beneficial for the otters’ intestinal fermentation and metabolism.

IMPORTANCE
Captive otters fed with different diets possessed distinct gut microbial communities and functions, with the enrichment of several pathogens and multiple resistance genes in their gut microbiota. The current artificial feeding strategies had the possibility to accelerate the colonization and proliferation of various pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of otters and the spread of resistance genes, increasing the risk of diseases. In addition, supplementation with commercial cat food had benefits for otters’ intestinal fermentation and the metabolism of gut microbiota.
Pulmonary hypertension in preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mascarenhas Dwayne , Al-Balushi Marwa , Al-Sabahi Aida , Weisz Dany E , Jain Amish , Jasani Bonny 
Published: November 2024

ContextKnowledge gaps exist on the incidence and risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its impact on outcomes.ObjectiveTo systematically review and meta-analyse the incidence, risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes of BPD-PH in preterm infants.DesignPubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched for studies including infants<37 weeks gestational age (GA) or birth weight<2500 g with BPD-PH versus BPD-no PH from inception until 5 April 2023.Main outcome measuresIncidence, risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes.Results44 observational studies evaluating 7677 preterm infants were included. The incidence of PH in mild, moderate and severe BPD was 5%, 18% and 41%, respectively. Small for GA (25 studies; N=5814; OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3, 2.5), necrotising enterocolitis (22 studies; N=3387; OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3, 2.2), early PH (four studies; N=820 OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.3) and severe BPD (20 studies; N=2587; OR 5.4; 95% CI 3.2, 9.1) were significant risk factors for BPD-PH. Compared with BPD-no PH, the BPD-PH group had significantly higher mortality (22 studies; N=4882; OR 6.4; 95% CI 4.7, 8.6), longer duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, length of hospital stay, need for home oxygen and tracheostomy requirement. The BPD-PH infants also had a significantly higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in the motor domain.ConclusionsPH increases across the severity of BPD and is associated with higher odds of mortality and adverse short-term and neurodevelopmental outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023413119.
Ab initio description of monopole resonances in light- and medium-mass nuclei
Authors: Porro A. , Duguet T. , Ebran J.-P. , Frosini M. , Roth R. , Somà V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiant Resonances are, with nuclear rotations, the most evident expression of collectivity in finite nuclei. These two categories of excitations, however, are traditionally described within different formal schemes, such that vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom are separately treated and coupling effects between those are often neglected. The present work puts forward an approach aiming at a consistent treatment of vibrations and rotations. Specifically, this paper is the last in a series of four dedicated to the investigation of the giant monopole resonance in doubly open-shell nuclei via the ab initio Projected Generator Coordinate Method (PGCM). The present focus is on the treatment and impact of angular momentum restoration within such calculations. The PGCM being based on the use of deformed mean-field states, the angular-momentum restoration is performed when solving the secular equation to extract vibrational excitations. In this context, it is shown that performing the angular momentum restoration only after solving the secular equation contaminates the monopole response with an unphysical coupling to the rotational motion, as was also shown recently for (quasi-particle) random phase approximation calculations based on a deformed reference state. Eventually, the present work based on the PGCM confirms that an a priori angular momentum restoration is necessary to handle consistently both collective motions at the same time. This further pleads in favor of implementing the full-fledged projected (quasi-particle) random phase approximation in the future.
Genuine N-partite entanglement in Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole spacetime
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Teng Xiao-Wei , Huang Xiao-Li , Lu Jianbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComplex quantum information tasks in a gravitational background require multipartite entanglement for effective processing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of multipartite entanglement in a relativistic setting. In this paper, we study genuine N-partite entanglement of massless Dirac fields in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime, characterized by the presence of a black hole event horizon (BEH) and a cosmological event horizon (CEH). We obtain the general analytical expression of genuine N-partite entanglement shared by n observers near BEH and m ($$n+m=N$$

n
+
m
=
N

) observers near CEH. It is shown that genuine N-partite entanglement monotonically decreases with the decrease of the mass of the black hole, suggesting that the Hawking effect of the black hole destroys quantum entanglement. It is interesting to note that genuine N-partite entanglement is a non-monotonic function of the cosmological constant, meaning that the Hawking effect of the expanding universe can enhance quantum entanglement. This result contrasts with multipartite entanglement in single-event horizon spacetime, offering a new perspective on the Hawking effect in multi-event horizon spacetime.
A Method to Evaluate the Credibility of Domain Knowledge Network Using Validated Expert Knowledge
Authors: Li Yin , Zhou Ying , Liao Li , Li Bixin 
Published: November 2024

We are living in an era of knowledge explosion, where all kinds of knowledge are emerging and becoming more and more complicated with the development of new techniques and new ideas. When we study knowledge and apply them to understand and solve problems, the credibility of knowledge is becoming our main concerns. Usually, high credible domain knowledge can guide us correctly understand all concepts and the relationships between them in this domain. Due to its good layer structure and scalability, domain knowledge network is widely used to represent knowledge in knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence and others in recent years. How to ensure the credibility of domain knowledge network? This is an important and interesting topic. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the knowledge credibility for domain knowledge network, which means that we can start from the layer structure of domain knowledge network, and evaluate the credibility of knowledge layer by layer using validated expert knowledge such as domain dictionary, domain ontology and domain expert experience. We conduct experiments with six domain knowledge network constructed based on network data and six domain knowledge network constructed manually based on published books or domain dictionaries, which describe the same domain knowledge in pairs. Experimental results show that the knowledge credibility of domain knowledge network constructed from validated expert knowledge is significantly higher than the knowledge credibility of domain knowledge network constructed directly from network data, which satisfy our expectation and also prove the effectiveness of our credibility evaluation method.
Low Concentration C2H2 Detection by NiO/SnO2 Nanostructured Heterojunction Based MEMS Sensor
Authors: Zhao Jiguang , Tan Zejie , Tian Bing , Zhao Liang , Zhao Fan , Wang Hairong 
Published: November 2024

Low concentration detection and analysis of dissolved characteristic gas Acetylene (C2H2) in oil is one of the effective methods for power transformer condition maintenance to ensure safety. The MEMS gas sensor based on the nanostructured material has become a research hotpot for detecting the C2H2. In this work, SnO2 and NiO thin films were successively deposited by RF sputtering, followed by annealing at different temperatures to prepare NiO/SnO2 heterostructures, and the C2H2 sensor chips were prepared by MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) compatible process by using the SnO2/NiO thin films as sensitive materials. The results showed that the detection limit of the MEMS sensor based on the NiO/SnO2 (NiO/SnO2-2) film annealed at 450 °C was as low as 0.2 × 10−6 toward C2H2. The sensor exhibits a high response at 260 °C (S = 7.9 toward 1.4 × 10−6 C2H2), which is about 4.5 times that of pure SnO2(1.8). Meanwhile, it has an extremely short response time (13 s and 19 s). This study reveals that dissolved acetylene gas in transformer oil can be detected more efficiently by the sensor with nanostructured heterojunctions as sensitive materials.
2D Disposable Textile Stochastic Sensors Based on a Nanolayer of Diamond Like Carbon – Ag Modified with Metalloporphyrins for On-Site Assessment of Patulin in Apple Juice
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Popa-Cobianu Maria-Lavinia , Gheorghe Damaris-Cristina , Surdu-Bob Cristina Carmen 
Published: November 2024

Pаtulin is а mycotoxin synthеsizеd by Pеnicillium, Byssochlаmys, аnd Аspеrgillus gеnеrа especially in wаtеr аnd sugаr-rich fruits such аs аpplеs аnd grаpеs, аs wеll аs in sеаfood, tomаtoеs, аnd cеrеаls. Due to its high toxicity for humans, it is essential to have on-site screening methods for fruits, vegetables, seafood and their processing products like apple juice. Therefore, a disposable textile sensor based on combined diamond like carbon – Ag nanolayer which was modified with two porphyrins: Zinc-protoporphyrin IX (znpp-IX), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine Manganese(III)chloride (mnoep) to give two different 2D sensors were designed. The 2D sensors were used for the on-site assay of patulin in different types of apple juices. The wide working concentration ranges allow the reliable assay of patulin from 1 amol l−1 to 1 mmol l−1 and with high sensitivities (up to 1 × 1011 s−1mol−1l) and with limits of quantificationup to 0.10 pmol l−1. Recoveries higher than 95.00% with relative standard deviation lower than 1.00% were recorded for the assay of patulin in apple juice.
Cysteine Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist—Montelukast—Treatment Improves Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
Authors: Li Kexin , Li Meng , Wei Panpan , Tian Kangli , Liu Haole , Fu Weilai , Hou Haiwen , Chen Yajie , Xu Baohui , Li Yankui , Zhao Sihai 
Published: November 2024

Background: Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs) and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, whether CysLT1 receptor antagonists such as montelukast can influence experimental nondissecting AAA remains unclear.Methods: Nondissecting AAAs were induced in C57BL/6J mice by transient aortic luminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). All animals were administrated montelukast (1 or 10 mg/kg, daily) or vehicle by gavage beginning 1 day before PPE infusion for 14 days. On day 0 (baseline) and day 14 after PPE infusion, abdominal aortic diameters were directly measured. Aortic aneurysmal segment samples were collected, and histopathological analysis was performed.Results: Compared to vehicle treatment, montelukast significantly decreased PPE infusion–induced aortic expansion in a dose‐dependent manner (0.09‐mm reduction at a low dose and 0.19‐mm reduction at a high dose). Histopathological analysis also revealed that compared with vehicle treatment, montelukast treatment, especially in the high‐dose group, significantly improved PPE‐induced aortic elastin degradation and medial smooth muscle cell depletion. Both doses of montelukast also markedly decreased the number of local leucocytes, including macrophages, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells, infiltration and accumulation in aortic aneurysmal lesions. Montelukast treatment also downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 expression and inhibited mural angiogenesis in aneurysmal aortas.Conclusion: Montelukast treatment improves experimental nondissected AAAs in mice partly by improving aortic inflammation.
Influence of Deep Margin Elevation Technique With Two Restorative Materials on Stress Distribution of e.max Endocrown Restorations: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: MahmoudiYamchi Fariba , Abbasi Mahdi , Atri Faezeh , Ahmadi Elham 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The impact of the deep margin elevation (DME) technique and its associated materials on the stress distribution in ceramic endocrowns remains to be fully understood. This finite element analysis (FEA) aimed to assess the effects of flowable composite and resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI) as DME materials on the maximum Von Mises stress (VMS) values and overall stress distribution within ceramic endocrowns and the surrounding tooth structure.Materials and Methods: A mandibular molar featuring a class II mesio occlusal (MO) cavity with the gingival margin of the mesial cavity positioned 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) was prepared and scanned using a Medit i500 scanner. The digital file was then transferred to computer‐aided design (CAD) software to create the models. The study generated four scenarios: an intact tooth model (model of intact tooth (MIT)), a prepared tooth model without a DME layer (model without DME (MWD)), a model with a 2 mm DME layer using composite material (model with DME of composite (MDC)), and a model employing RMGI (model with DME of RMGI (MDR)). Stress distribution under axial loads was evaluated based on the Von Mises criterion.Results: The MIT model demonstrated the highest stress concentration at the CEJ region yet exhibited lower stress levels than others. The MWD model showed the highest stress levels. No significant differences in stress distribution patterns were observed between the MDR and MDC models. All models displayed similar stress distributions in the bone.Conclusion: Regardless of the material used, incorporating a DME layer in cavities extending below the CEJ is advisable to achieve uniform stress distribution. Minimizing tooth preparation and preserving tooth structure are recommended.Clinical Significance: Employing a DME layer in cavities with margins below the CEJ is beneficial for reducing stress, irrespective of the material choice.
Participant Experience of Taking Part in Periodontal Experimental Studies
Authors: Wu Yi-Chu , Schumacher Fernanda L. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Despite the plethora of published periodontal interventional and experimental studies, there are no reports evaluating the experience of the participants as a research subject or their willingness for repeat participation in a similar study. This study aimed to determine the participants’ experience and willingness to participate again in periodontal experimental studies and to explore factors that affect the participants’ research experience.Materials and Methods: Questionnaires from four completed experimental wound healing studies with 76 total participants were extracted and analyzed. The participants answered the same specific questions at their last study visit. The questions asked were “overall experience in the study” and “willingness to participate in the study again,” with each question providing five levels/possible answers. Questionnaires also provided an opportunity for participants to offer open‐ended comments about their participation. Frequency distribution and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the participant’s responses and study characteristics.Results: All 76 participants answered the specific questions. Overall, 88.2% of participants had a positive experience from their research participation, and 65.8% of them would participate again in such a study. Of the 76 participants, 50 were in studies that included multiple (≥2) experimental wounds, while 26 received only a single experimental wound. Participation experience was negatively associated with the number of wounds received (p < 0.001), while willingness to participate again was positively associated with participation experience (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Within the present study limitations, volunteers participating in periodontal experimental studies have an overall positive experience and express willingness for repeat participation.
Response to Systemic Therapies in Patient-Derived Cell Lines from Primary and Recurrent Adult Granulosa Cell Tumors
Authors: Brink Geertruid J. , Hami Nizar , Mertens Sander , Nijman Hans W. , van Lonkhuijzen Luc R.C.W. , Roes Eva Maria , Lok Christine A.R. , de Kroon Cornelis D. , Piek Jurgen M.J. , Hofhuis Ward , Snippert Hugo J.G. , Groeneweg Jolijn W. , Witteveen Petronella O. , Zweemer Ronald P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In patients with the rare adult-type granulosa cell tumor (aGCT), surgery is the primary treatment for both primary and recurrent disease. In cases of inoperable disease, systematic therapy is administered, but variable response rates and drug resistance complicate predicting the most effective therapy. Drug screen testing on patient-derived cell lines may offer a solution. In a national prospective study on aGCT, fresh tissue was cultured into 2D cell lines, testing 27 clinical and experimental drugs. Dose–response curves and synergy were calculated using GraphPad Prism and CompuSyn software. We established 34 patient-derived cell lines from tissue of 20 patients with aGCT. Of these, seven patients had a primary diagnosis of aGCT and 13 patients had recurrent disease. In eight patients, multiple tumor locations were cultured. On each cell line, 10 monotherapies and 17 combinations of drugs were tested. Carboplatin/gemcitabine showed efficacy and synergy in almost all patient-derived cell lines. Synergy could not be detected in the regular carboplatin/paclitaxel and carboplatin/etoposide combinations. Experimental combinations alpelisib/fulvestrant and alpelisib/gemcitabine showed efficacy of more than 75%. Drug screens on patient-derived tumor cell lines reflect the reality of the variable response of systemic therapy in patients with aGCT. In future research, this technique may be used to personalize the systemic treatment of patients with aGCT in a clinical study. The good response to carboplatin/gemcitabine in our patient-derived cell lines can then be confirmed in a clinical setting.