bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology ofHaemophilus parasuisisolates from pigs in China using serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation and ERIC-PCR genotyping
Authors: Zhao Yongda , Wang Qin , Li Jie , Lin Xiaohuan , Huang Xianhui , Fang Binghu 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHaemophilus parasuisis a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs and causes high morbidity and mortality in piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology ofH. parasuisin China from 2014 to 2017.MethodsWe characterized 143H. parasuisisolates by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation and with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) assays.ResultsSerotyping revealed serovar 5 as the most prevalent (26.6%) followed by serovars 4 (22.4%), 7 (9.1 %), 13 (6.3%), 12 (5.6 %), and non-typeable (8.4%). In a panel of 23 antimicrobials, the minimum inhibitory concentration 50% (MIC50) were in the range of 0.25–16 μg/mL and MIC90were 2–>512 μg/mL. A total of 99 isolates ofH. parasuis(69.2%) were able to form biofilms and 59.6% (59/99) performed weak biofilm-forming ability. ERIC-PCR revealed a very heterogeneous pattern with 87 clusters.DiscussionTheseH. parasuisisolates showed a high serovar and genotypic lineage diversity, different abilities to form biofilms and a high degree of genetic diversity. Biofilm formation was related to antimicrobial susceptibility but there were no statistically significant associations between the antimicrobial susceptibility and either the serovars or the ERIC-PCR clusters. This study showed a high prevalence of high-MICH. parasuisstrains and suggests the need for a continuous surveillance of clinical isolates ofH. parasuis.
Electrically Controllable Molecularization of Terahertz Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Jung Hyunseung , Koo Jaemok , Heo Eunah , Cho Boeun , In Chihun , Lee Wonwoo , Jo Hyunwoo , Cho Jeong Ho , Choi Hyunyong , Kang Moon Sung , Lee Hojin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractActive control of metamaterial properties is critical for advanced terahertz (THz) applications. However, the tunability of THz properties, such as the resonance frequency and phase of the wave, remains challenging. Here, a new device design is provided for extensively tuning the resonance properties of THz metamaterials. Unlike previous approaches, the design is intended to control the electrical interconnections between the metallic unit structures of metamaterials. This strategy is referred to as the molecularization of the meta‐atoms and is accomplished by placing graphene bridges between the metallic unit structures whose conductivity is modulated by an electrolyte gating. Because of the scalable nature of the molecularization, the resonance frequency of the terahertz metamaterials can be tuned as a function of the number of meta‐atoms constituting a unit metamolecule. At the same time, the voltage‐controlled molecularization allows delicate control over the phase shift of the transmitted THz, without changing the high transmission of the materials significantly.
Microwave‐Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalysed ortho‐C−H Functionalization of N‐Benzoyl α‐Amino Ester Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Bahadur Vijay , Sharma Upendra K. , Saha Debasmita , Li Zhenghua , Kumar Yogesh , Colaers Jona , Singh Brajendra K , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA microwave‐assisted highly efficient intermolecular C−H functionalization sequence has been developed to access substituted isoquinolones using α‐amino acid esters as a directing group. This methodology enables a wide range of N‐benzoyl α‐amino ester derivatives to react via a Ru‐catalysed C−H bond activation sequence, to form isoquinolones with moderate to excellent yields. As an additional advantage, our strategy proved to be widely applicable and also enabled the reaction of alkenes to provide access to alkenylated benzamides. The methodology was also extended towards the synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids derivatives viz. oxyavicine and a dipeptide. The developed protocol is simple and cheap, avoids tedious workup procedures and works efficiently under MW irradiation.magnified image
Metal‐Free Three‐Component Assembly of Fully Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Ahamad Shakir , Kumar Anuj , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA practical domino three‐component protocol involving aldehydes, amines, and α‐diazo‐β‐ketosulfones provides efficient access to fully substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. The process proceeds through a tandem Schiff‐base formation and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to generate a key sulfonyltriazoline intermediate, which subsequently undergoes an oxidative aromatization with the aid of air or iodine. The three‐component protocol obviates the need of expensive metal catalysts, proceeds under mildly basic conditions, and tolerates a wide range of synthetically useful (hetero)aryl and aliphatic aldehydes, and functionalized amines.
Decreased Expression of Serine/Arginine‐Rich Splicing Factor 1 in T Cells From Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Accounts for Reduced Expression of RasGRP1 and DNA Methyltransferase 1
Authors: Kono Michihiro , Kurita Takashi , Yasuda Shinsuke , Kono Michihito , Fujieda Yuichiro , Bohgaki Toshiyuki , Katsuyama Takayuki , Tsokos George C. , Moulton Vaishali R. , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveT cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have reduced protein levels of RasGRP1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras, and increased transcript of alternatively spliced (AS) forms lacking exon 11. Serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) binds pre–messenger RNA (pre‐mRNA) to regulate AS forms of several genes, including CD3ζ in SLE T cells. This study was undertaken to assess whether SRSF1 controls the expression of RasGRP1 in T cells from patients with SLE.MethodsWe studied T cells from 45 SLE patients and 18 healthy subjects. Expression levels of SRSF1, wild‐type (WT) RasGRP1, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Direct binding of SRSF1 to exon 11 of RasGRP1 mRNA was evaluated with an oligonucleotide–protein pulldown assay. Healthy T cells and SLE T cells were treated with SRSF1‐specific small interfering RNA or SRSF1 expression vector, respectively, and then evaluated for mRNA/protein expression.ResultsSRSF1 expression levels were significantly lower in T cells from SLE patients compared to those from healthy subjects, and correlated inversely with disease activity and positively with levels of RasGRP1‐WT and DNMT1. SRSF1 bound directly to exon 11 of RasGRP1 mRNA. Silencing of SRSF1 in human T cells led to increased ratios of RasGRP1‐AS to RasGRP1‐WT and decreased levels of RasGRP1 protein, whereas overexpression of SRSF1 in SLE T cells caused recovery of RasGRP1, which in turn induced DNMT1/interleukin‐2 expression.ConclusionSRSF1 controls the alternative splicing of RasGRP1 and subsequent protein expression. Our findings extend evidence that alternative splicing plays a central role in the aberrant T cell function in patients with SLE by controlling the expression of multiple genes.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Catalyzed by Ni Atoms
Authors: Xing Shuya , Liu Bing , Wang Wenquan , Guo Jiandong , Wang Weihua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNanometer‐wide graphene nanoribbons can be synthesized from halogen aromatics through multistep on‐surface reactions, but the catalytic role of extrinsic transition‐metal atoms in these reactions are still to be explored. Here by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we investigated the on‐surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from 10,10′‐dibromo‐9,9′‐bianthryl precursors in the presence of Ni atoms. Ni atoms not only act as catalysts in debromination and lead to the formation of an organometallic intermediate at 300 K, but also prompt the fusion reaction between graphene nanoribbons at 673 K. Our work demonstrates a more efficient way to fabricate fused graphene nanoribbons.
Phase II study of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab in advanced nonsquamous non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Laslett Nicole F. , Park SuJung , Masters Gregory A. , Biggs David D. , Schneider Charles J. , Misleh Jamal G. , Suppiah Kathir , Simpson Pamela S. , Grubbs Stephen , Wozniak Timothy F. , Guarino Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death throughout the world. Despite new chemotherapeutic, immunomodulating and molecularly targeted agents, patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease still have a poor prognosis. This trial looked to combine antiangiogenic therapy with a first‐line cytotoxic chemotherapy doublet, hoping to extend median progression‐free survival (PFS) while minimizing toxicity in patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this single institution, single‐arm study, 51 patients (age >18 yo) were followed from 2007 to 2012. Patients with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC and patients with recurrent unresectable disease (nonradiation candidates) were eligible. Treatment consisted of carboplatin AUC 5 IV 30‐60 minutes, pemetrexed 500/mg2 IV 10 minutes, bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV (90 minutes 1st dose, 60 minutes 2nd dose, 30 minutes subsequent doses). Treatment was administered every 21 days and planned for 6 cycles, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Growth factor support was not permitted prophylactically but allowed for toxicities, as were dose reductions. Maintenance treatment for those with stable disease or better consisted of Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 1 year. Between November 2007 and March 2012, 51 patients were followed in the phase II trial of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab. Patients were enrolled over a 24‐month period. After the end of treatment visits, subjects were followed at least every 3 months for survival data. The median follow‐up period was 49 weeks (6 weeks to 178), and the median number of treatment cycles was 6 (range, 1‐6). Among the 50 patients assessable for response, median overall survival was 49 weeks (95% CI, 0‐62.7) with median PFS of 28 weeks (95% CI, 0‐132.4). A complete or partial response was seen in 28 (59.5%) patients. Grade 3‐4 treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 9 (17.6%) of 51 patients; the most common were thrombocytopenia (4 [7.8%]) and neutropenia (3 [5.9%]). Three (5.8%) of 51 patients were discontinued because of treatment‐related adverse events (grade 3 diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, dehydration, fatigue, and grade 4 respiratory distress), and 1 patient (1.9%) was found to be ineligible due to anticoagulation use. A novel 3‐drug combination for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC shows promising efficacy with modest toxicity.
Electronic cigarette use patterns and reasons for use among smokers recently diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Kalkhoran Sara , Kruse Gina R. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Rabin Julia , Ostroff Jamie S. , Park Elyse R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany patients with cancer use electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes), yet little is known about patterns and reasons for use. Using cross‐sectional baseline data from a randomized controlled trial, we aimed to describe prevalence and correlates of e‐cigarette use, frequency of use, and reasons for use among smokers recently diagnosed with cancer. Participants (n = 302) included adults (age ≥18 years) recently diagnosed with varied cancer types who smoked ≥1 cigarette within the past 30‐d from two US academic medical centers. Participants reported ever and current e‐cigarette use, and current e‐cigarette users reported days of e‐cigarette use and the main reason for use. We compared current, former, and never e‐cigarette users by sociodemographics, cancer type, medical comorbidities, smoking behaviors, attitudes, and emotional symptoms, and described use among current e‐cigarette users. Of smokers recently diagnosed with cancer, 49% (n = 149) reported ever e‐cigarette use and 19% (n = 56) reported current use. Of current e‐cigarette users, 29% (n = 16) reported daily use. Current e‐cigarette users did not differ from former and never e‐cigarette users by cancer type, smoking behaviors, or emotional symptoms. Women were more likely to be current users than never users, and current e‐cigarette users had less education than former users. Most current e‐cigarette users reported using them to help quit smoking (75%). One in five smokers with cancer report current e‐cigarette use, but most are not using e‐cigarettes daily. The majority report using e‐cigarettes to quit smoking. E‐cigarette use by patients with cancer appears to reflect a desire to quit smoking.
Decreased oral Epstein‐Barr virus DNA loads in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southern China: A case‐control and a family‐based study
Authors: Xue Wen‐Qiong , He Yong‐Qiao , Liao Xiao‐Yu , Li Fang‐Fang , Xu Ya‐Fei , Xu Feng‐Hua , Li Xi‐Zhao , Feng Qi‐Sheng , Chen Li‐Zhen , Cao Su‐Mei , Liu Qing , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe link of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has been established for decades. Although an abnormal high level of EBV sero‐antibody spectrum and cell‐free circulating EBV DNA loads were exhibited in NPC patients, oral EBV DNA loads, which are primarily responsible for the EBV transmission, has not been previously studied in NPC patients. We conducted an epidemiological study to measure the oral EBV loads, viral components, and the relationship with the serum antibody titers in a large case‐control population (968 cases and 1656 controls) and a family‐based population (91 cases and 165 unaffected family members). EBV DNA loads were detected by quantitative PCR approach targeting the BamHI‐W region. Although a large individualized variation existed, we still observed a decreased oral EBV DNA loads in the population of NPC patients compared to that of healthy controls (ORs were 1.00, 0.69, 0.62, 0.33 classified by the quartiles of viral loads, Ptrend < .001) and family members. In contrast, the elevated levels of oral EBV loads were present in asymptomatic males and elders, suggesting a different important source for EBV transmission. Notably, oral EBV loads were inversely associated with serum antibody titers of VCA‐IgA, EA‐IgA (All Ptrend < .001) in the cases but not in the controls. Our study provides the first epidemiological data of oral EBV loads and viral components in NPC patients and controls in the highest risk area of Southern China, indicating that NPC status is unlikely to be an important determinant of EBV transmission.
Increased risk of bone tumors after growth hormone treatment in childhood: A population‐based cohort study in France
Authors: Poidvin Amélie , Carel Jean‐Claude , Ecosse Emmanuel , Levy Dominique , Michon Jean , Coste Joël 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe association between growth hormone (GH) treatment and cancer risk has not been thoroughly evaluated and there are questions about any increased risk of bone tumors. We examined cancer risk and especially bone tumor risk in a population‐based cohort study of 6874 patients treated with recombinant GH in France for isolated GH deficiency, short stature associated with low birth weight or length or idiopathic short stature. Adult mortality and morbidity data obtained from national databases and from questionnaires. Case ascertainment completeness was estimated with capture‐recapture methods. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios were calculated using national reference data. 111 875 person‐years of observation were analyzed and patients were followed for an average of 17.4 ± 5.3 years to a mean age of 28.4 ± 6.2 years. For cancer overall, mortality and incidence were not different from expected figures. Five patients developed bone tumors (chondrosarcoma, 1, Ewing sarcoma, 1, osteosarcoma, 3) of whom 3 died (Ewing sarcoma, 1, osteosarcoma, 2), whereas only 1.4 case and 0.6 deaths were expected: standardized mortality ratio, 5.0 and standardized incidence ratio from 3.5 to 3.8 accounting or not accounting for missed cases. Most patients received conventional doses of GH, although one patient with osteosarcoma had received high dose GH (60 μg/kg/d). This study confirms an increased risk of bone tumors but not overall cancer risk in subjects treated with GH in childhood for isolated GH deficiency or childhood short stature. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Oxygen‐Tethered IrIII NHC Complexes in Aqueous Transfer Hydrogenative Reductive Amination Reactions: Experimental Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Özbozkurt İbrahim Kayahan , Gülcemal Derya , Günnaz Salih , Gökçe Aytaç Gürhan , Çetinkaya Bekir , Gülcemal Süleyman 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of seven new IrIII complexes containing o‐phenoxide or o‐naphthoxide chelated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands is reported herein. The crystal structures of six of the complexes have been determined. These complexes efficiently catalyze the transfer hydrogenative reductive amination (RA) of carbonyls and amines in water. Amongst the complexes tested, the introduction of o‐naphthoxide on a nitrogen atom of imidazole based NHC ligand greatly increased the catalytic activity. The catalytic system has a broad substrate scope, which allows the synthesis of a variety of amines in excellent yields and with high turnover numbers up to 490 (for ketones) and 14800 (for aldehydes). The mechanism of aqueous RA reaction with an o‐aryloxide chelated NHC‐IrIII catalyst has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and kinetic measurements. These studies suggest that the transfer hydrogenation (TH) is turnover‐limited by the hydride formation step. As a result of the 1H NMR studies, the higher catalytic activity of o‐naphthoxide chelated catalyst (3 g) over o‐phenoxide chelated one (3 b) can be attributed partly due to the faster formation of an iridium hydride, the key intermediate in the RA reactions.
Time Resolved in situ DXAFS Revealing Highly Active Species of PdO Nanoparticle Catalyst for CH4 Oxidation
Authors: Mahara Yuji , Murata Kazumasa , Ueda Kakuya , Ohyama Junya , Kato Kazuo , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe highly active species of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for methane combustion was revealed by in situ time‐resolved dispersive X‐ray absorption fine structure (DXAFS) spectroscopy. By using CH4 as a reduction agent, PdO in Pd/Al2O3 is reduced in a 2‐step model involving Pd0 nucleation and growth of Pd0 domain in a PdO particle. Kinetic analysis of the 2‐step model reduction of PdO nanoparticles leads to a suggestion that partial formation of Pd0 in a PdO particle accelerates methane combustion.
Effect of Graphene Oxide Thin Film on Growth and Electrochemical Performance of Hierarchical Zinc Sulfide Nanoweb for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad F. , Mahmood‐Ul‐Hassan  , Razaq Aamir , Ashiq Muhammad N. , Kaneti Yusuf V. , Azhar Azhar A. , Yasmeen Farhat , Saleem Joya Khurrum , Abbass Shafqat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurface morphology induced electrical conductivity and specific surface area of a material play a significant role to facilitate electrochemical behavior for supercapacitor application. Therefore, the synthesis step for controlling such parameters becomes very imperative and challenging. Herein, a ZnS nanoweb is deposited directly onto Ni foam with a pre‐deposited thin layer of hydrothermally prepared graphene oxide. The structure and surface morphology of the deposited ZnS is observed using XRD and SEM, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide supported ZnS nanoweb, determined using the four probes method, is 100.15 S cm−1. The specific surface area is 104.42 m2 g−1 as determined by BET measurements. Pseudocapacitive behavior is monitored by cyclic voltammetry, and the excellent specific capacity of 3052 Fg−1 has been found at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1, while it is 2400.30 Fg−1 according the galvanostatic charge‐discharge profile at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. Both values are significantly higher than those measured for bare GO or ZnS layers. The energy and power densities of GO supported ZnS nanoweb are determined in a three electrode setup, are 120 Wh Kg−1 at 3 mA cm−2 and 4407.73 Wkg−1, respectively. In a symmetric two electrode setup, an energy density of 20.29 Wh Kg−1 at 2 mA cm−2 is observed. Hence, both symmetric and asymmetric measurements suggest that GO supported ZnS nanoweb can be applied as a suitable electrode for supercapacitors.
Influence of phosphorus application and water deficit on the soil microbiota of N2‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing tree
Authors: Olatunji Olusanya A. , Luo Hongyan , Pan Kaiwen , Tariq Akash , Sun Xiaoming , Chen Wenkai , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Lin , Xiong Qinli , Li Zilong , Song Dagang , Zhang Aiping , Sun Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSoil water content and phosphorus availability are important factors that are expected to shape soil microbiota. Although the impacts of water deficit (drought) on soil microbiota have been reasonably studied, microbial responses to P addition combined with soil water deficit have rarely been reported, especially in relation to the identity of aboveground tree species. This study was conducted to evaluate the main and interactive effects of drought and P addition on the soil protozoa, microbial communities as determined by phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) and enzyme activities in a soil vegetated with N2‐fixing or non‐N‐fixing tree species and in a non‐vegetated soil. The results indicated that the effects of drought, P addition, and their interaction on soil microbiota and chemical properties varied depending on the type of aboveground tree species. Drought significantly decreased the abundance of ciliates, amoebae, total protozoa, and most of the microbial community compared to the optimum water treatment, but the effect was more pronounced under non‐N‐fixers compared to N2‐fixers. P addition significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) and dissolve organic nitrogen (DON) in drought treated soil as compared to the well‐watered counterpart, irrespective of the planting systems. The interaction of P with drought significantly increased the mean abundance of ciliates, flagellates, amoebae, and the total protozoa in soil vegetated with non‐N‐fixers and actinomycetesPLFAs, G+bacterialPLFAs, and total bacterialPLFAs in the soil vegetated with N2‐fixers. Our finding points to an essential role of P addition and N2‐fixing trees on soil microbiota under drought stress. This study suggests that the effects of P application depend on its interaction with drought and that drought had decreasing effects on the abundance of ciliates, flagellates, amoebae, total protozoa, and the soil microbial communities, but the extent of it effects varied with tree species.