bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Maltreatment in the Media: Analyses of Media Coverage and Reader Comments on Child Maltreatment in Israel
Authors: Katz Carmit , Glucklich Talia , Piller Shir 
Published: April 2019

The media plays a significant role in our lives and constitutes a very powerful socialising agent with the potential to influence public opinion and policymakers regarding social issues, such as child maltreatment. The present study was designed to explore how child maltreatment is portrayed in the media and to examine public perception regarding this phenomenon, as expressed by reader comments. Articles about child maltreatment published on the five official news websites in Israel were assessed using descriptive and qualitative analysis. It was found that most of the coverage of child maltreatment could be characterised as episodic. The majority of news articles failed to provide information regarding the potential risk/causal factors and often missed opportunities to discuss solutions to maltreatment. Of the stakeholders presented in the articles, only rarely could the voices of child victims or their families be heard, whereas the presence of legal professionals was frequent. A high frequency of reader comments referred to rage and despair. The results demonstrate the need to develop various practices in order to narrow the gaps between findings and statistics about child maltreatment and the way in which the phenomenon is currently portrayed in the media, as such portrayals exert an impact on both public perceptions and policymakers' attitudes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Explore[s] how child maltreatment is portrayed in the media and examine[s] public perception… as expressed by reader comments’Key Practitioner Messages

The media is a significant tool with the potential to influence public opinion and policymakers regarding social issues.
The study indicates that media coverage of child maltreatment often fails to present it as an extensive social problem and does not discuss possible solutions and prevention strategies for this phenomenon.
Practitioners within the field of child maltreatment should be provided with training in working with the media.
Joint collaboration between practitioners, the media and researchers is needed in order to narrow the gap between the worrisome figures regarding this phenomenon and its non‐proportional representation in the media.
Case report: The long‐term effects of anabolic steroids on the female voice over a 20‐year period
Authors: Bensoussan Yael , Anderson Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageAnabolic steroids and androgenic steroids (AAS) can have long‐term effects on the female voice. These changes are clinically relevant since they are difficult to treat and therefore should be disclosed to patients using AAS or receiving androgenic steroid therapy.
Global sustainability under uncertainty: How do multinationals craft regulatory policies?
Authors: Durugbo Christopher , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMultinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly mindful of the significance of sustainability transitions and the need for operations that are energy efficient and environmentally sound. Achieving sustainability under conditions of uncertainty entails the involvement of multiple stakeholders in initiating and carrying out sustainability‐focused initiatives. Using longitudinal analysis of Royal Dutch Shell's sustainability policies, we developed an integrated model to elucidate how uncertainty influences sustainability policies in the specific context of MNCs. We identified three phases in the evolution of Shell's sustainability innovation: a self‐reflective phase (2000–2003) characterized by intense pressure from climate advocacy groups, an investment phase (2004–2006) for which the MNC attempted to rise to the waste disposal and pollution challenge through renewable sources of energy, and a reorganization phase (2007–2010) to streamline operations. We also uncovered themes that influence how regulatory policies are crafted: responding positively to the “community's voice,” risk spreading through joint ventures, revenue transparency for government accountability, and reporting innovation that confronts hard truths. The practical implications are outlined.
Analysis of serum B cell‐activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and its soluble receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vincent Fabien B , Kandane‐Rathnayake Rangi , Koelmeyer Rachel , Hoi Alberta Y , Harris James , Mackay Fabienne , Morand Eric F 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the presence and clinical associations of the soluble receptors of B cell‐activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsSerum BAFF and soluble BAFF receptor (sBAFF‐R) were quantified using ELISA, and soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (sTACI) by Luminex, in 87 SLE patients and 17 healthy controls (HC). Disease activity and organ damage were assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) SLE Damage Index (SDI), respectively.ResultsBAFF and all receptors were detectable in all serum samples. Serum sBCMA and sTACI, but not sBAFF‐R, were significantly higher in SLE than in HC. Serum BAFF was also increased in SLE, but this association was attenuated after adjusting for age and ethnicity. Increased serum BAFF was associated with flare and organ damage. Increased serum sBCMA was associated with the presence of anti‐dsDNA, but not with overall or organ‐specific disease activity, flare or organ damage. Neither sTACI nor sBAFF‐R was associated with any SLE clinical parameters in multivariable analysis. While serum BAFF correlated negatively with sBAFF‐R in HC, no statistically significant correlations were observed between BAFF and its receptors in SLE patients.ConclusionSerum BAFF was associated with flare and organ damage independent of the presence of its soluble receptors. While sBCMA was associated with anti‐dsDNA positivity, other soluble BAFF receptors were not associated with SLE clinical indicators.
Parental punitive discipline and children’s depressive symptoms: Associations with striatal volume
Authors: Merz Emily C. , Maskus Elaine A. , Melvin Samantha A. , He Xiaofu , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough parental harshness has been consistently linked with increased depressive symptoms in youth, its associations with children's brain structure are not well understood. The striatum has been strongly implicated in depression in adolescents and adults. In this study, we investigated the associations among parental harsh discipline, striatal volume, and depressive symptoms in children. Participants were parents and their 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children (63% female; 29% African American; 47% Hispanic/Latino). Parents completed questionnaires about their parenting behaviors and children's depressive symptoms. Children participated in a high‐resolution, T1‐weighted MRI scan, and volumetric data for the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens were extracted (n = 20 with both parenting and MRI data; n = 48 with both MRI and depressive symptom data). Findings indicated that more frequent parental harsh discipline was significantly associated with smaller dorsal striatal volume (caudate plus putamen). In addition, smaller dorsal striatal volume was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms in children. These associations remained significant after accounting for child age, sex, whole brain volume, and parental depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that parental harsh discipline may be associated with children's striatal volume, which may in turn be associated with their level of depressive symptoms.
Rare plant species do not occupy water‐remote refuges in arid environments subject to livestock grazing
Authors: Fensham Roderick J. , Laffineur Boris , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Silcock Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn many of the world's arid regions there has been a dramatic increase in grazing pressure with herds of livestock sustained by the provision of artificial water points. In these systems it has been suggested that grazing‐sensitive plant species will have contracted to refuges distant from water points where grazing impacts are low. This association was tested using a large data set of presence/absence records for rare plant species throughout the northeastern Australian arid zone. The presence records of only one of 45 species were statistically associated with lower grazing activity, as a function of distance‐to‐water, than the absence records. The field observation that this species is rarely grazed suggests it is not susceptible to grazing pressure. In general, the study supports assertions that populations of short‐lived plants in drylands are resilient in the face of exaggerated livestock grazing because herbivores are not in sufficient densities to have an impact during the sporadic periods of high rainfall when plants can complete their life cycles. However, long‐lived palatable species may be extinction‐prone in grazed landscapes over long time frames if recruitment is curtailed by grazing.
Insect community structure covaries with host plant chemistry but is not affected by prior herbivory
Authors: Visakorpi Kristiina , Riutta Terhi , Martínez‐Bauer Angélica E. , Salminen Juha‐Pekka , Gripenberg Sofia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBy feeding on plant tissue, insect herbivores can change several characteristics of their hosts. These changes have the potential to alter the quality of the plant for other herbivore species, potentially altering the structure of the community of species attacking the plant at a later point in time. We tested whether herbivory early in the season changes host plant performance, polyphenol chemistry, and the community structure of sessile herbivores later in the season. We experimentally manipulated densities of early‐season moth caterpillars on a set of young oak trees and measured tree growth, reproduction, leaf chemistry, and the abundance and community composition of leafmining and galling species later in the season. The experimental manipulations of early‐season herbivores did not affect late‐season leaf chemistry or tree performance. Early‐season herbivores had a weak negative effect on the abundance of gallers and a positive, tree‐dependent effect on the overall diversity of late‐season sessile herbivores. The chemical composition of leaves covaried with the species composition of the late‐season leafmining and galling community. Both the chemical composition of the host tree and the late‐season insect community structure were strongly affected by the growth location of the tree. Our results suggest that plant‐mediated indirect effects between herbivores might play a limited role in this system, whereas the underlying variation in plant chemistry is an important factor structuring the associated insect community. Our results emphasize that factors other than prior herbivory can be important determinants of plant chemistry and the community composition of herbivores.
Altitudinal gradients fail to predict fungal symbiont responses to warming
Authors: Kazenel Melanie R. , Kivlin Stephanie N. , Taylor D. Lee , Lynn Joshua S. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClimate change is shifting altitudinal species ranges, with potential to disrupt species interactions. Altitudinal gradient studies and warming experiments can both increase understanding of climate effects on species interactions, but few studies have used both together to improve predictions. We examined whether plant–fungal symbioses responded similarly to altitude and 23 yr of experimental warming. Root‐ and leaf‐associated fungi, which can mediate plants’ climate sensitivity, responded divergently to elevation vs. warming. Fungal colonization, diversity, and composition varied with altitude, but climate variables were generally weak predictors; other factors such as host plant identity, plant community composition, or edaphic variables likely drive fungal altitudinal distributions. Manipulated warming altered fungal colonization, but not composition or diversity. Leaf symbionts were more sensitive to climate and experimental warming than root symbionts. Altitudinal patterns and responses to warming differed among host plant species and fungal groups, indicating that predicting climate effects on symbioses will require tracking both host and symbiont identities. Combining experimental and observational methods can yield valuable insight into how climate change may alter plant–symbiont interactions, but our results indicate that altitude does not always serve as an adequate proxy for warming effects on fungal symbionts of plants.
Bedrock nitrogen weathering stimulates biological nitrogen fixation
Authors: Dynarski Katherine A. , Morford Scott L. , Mitchell Scott A. , Houlton Benjamin Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlobal ecosystem models suggest that bedrock nitrogen (N) weathering contributes 10–20% of total N inputs to the natural terrestrial biosphere and >38% of ecosystem N supplies in temperate forests specifically. Yet, the role of rock N weathering in shaping ecological processes and biogeochemical fluxes is largely unknown. Here, we show that temperate forest ecosystems underlain by N‐rich bedrock exhibit higher free‐living N fixation rates than similar forests residing on N‐poor parent materials, across sites experiencing a range of climate and tectonic regimes. This seemingly counterintuitive result can be explained by increased accumulation of soil C and P in high bedrock N sites, resulting in increased energy inputs and nutrient supplies to N fixing microorganisms. Our findings advance a novel ecosystem biogeochemical framework that recognizes long‐term plant–soil–microbe feedbacks in shaping biogeochemical processes, with potentially widespread implications given the global distribution of bedrock N across Earth's terrestrial biomes.
Demographic senescence and effects on population dynamics of a perennial plant
Authors: Edelfeldt Stina , Bengtsson Karin , Dahlgren Johan P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDemographic rates in plants are usually assumed to be more stage or size dependent than age dependent, and aging is therefore not considered in demographic models. However, little is known about the effect of age on demographic rates, as there still are few studies based on long‐term individual‐based plant population data that consider both individual age and size. In addition, little is known about how aging of individuals may affect population dynamics. We present analyses of demographic data for three populations of Fumana procumbens collected 1985–2013, on individuals with known year of germination. We modeled age‐ and size‐dependence of the vital rates of survival, growth, fruiting probability, and fruit number using thin plate spline regressions, and constructed an age × size integral projection model (IPM) to project population‐level effects of aging. We found strong correlations between age and vital rates in solely age‐based vital rate models, where vital rates initially increased with age, after which they stabilized and, in some cases, eventually declined. In survival models with both age and size, the effects of age were statistically significant, whereas size effects were insignificant at two of the sites. For other vital rates, most of the effect of age could be explained by size alone. In addition, including the age effects on survival in the IPM led to lower population growth rates compared to predictions of a size‐only IPM. These results illustrate that demographic senescence does occur in perennial plants, which has only been demonstrated clearly in a few recent detailed studies. Moreover, we show that population projections may be overly optimistic if they do not consider plant age. We conclude that the possibility of demographic senescence should be considered in demographic population models, such as those used in viability analyses of threatened species.
(Mis‐)Coordinating identities in the transition to parenthood: Investigating the co‐development of partners’ parenting, domestic and provider identities before and after the birth of the first child
Authors: Turner‐Zwinkels Felicity M. , Spini Dario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research takes a socio‐psychological perspective to studying the transition to parenthood, by longitudinally investigating how couples dyadically coordinate: (a) the changing centralities of parenting domestic and provider identities, and (b) the consequences of this for stress and relationship satisfaction. We collected longitudinal data from a Swiss community sample of 213 heterosexual, first‐time parents, in approximately the 24th week of pregnancy (T1) and 2 years later (T2). Participants completed a sociogram task, sketching the centrality of parenting, domestic and provider identities, for themselves and their partner. We applied actor partner interdependence models to model changing identity centralities at T2, from the (coordination) of T1 identities, distinguishing effects due to one's partner and the individual. Results support identity coordination in couples, especially in the development of the domestic identity. This coordination also had longitudinal effects for couples’ well‐being. Results emphasize the social forces that structure the self‐concept, and their health consequences.
What is threatening about refugees? Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration
Authors: Landmann Helen , Gaschler Robert , Rohmann Anette 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThreat is one of the most important predictors for attitudes towards refugees and migration. The current research addresses the role of different threat types and emotional reactions in the context of refugee migration with a multi‐method approach. Using qualitative (Study 1, N = 202) and quantitative (Studies 2–4, N = 873) methods, we identified six types of threat that majority group members in Germany experience in the face of refugee migration: Concerns about cultural differences (symbolic threat), financial strain (realistic threat), criminal acts (safety threat), conflicts within society (cohesion threat), increasing xenophobia (prejudice threat), and refugee care (altruistic threat). All these threat types elicited negative emotions and were associated with negative attitudes towards refugees and support for restrictive migration policies. Paradoxically, concerns about refugee care predicted support for restrictive migration policies particularly well (altruistic threat paradox), which can be explained by a lack of emotional responses to this type of threat. Based on these findings, we propose a bidirectional model of intergroup threat.
Whose promises are worth more? How social status affects trust in promises
Authors: Blue Philip R. , Hu Jie , Peng Lu , Yu Hongbo , Liu Huiying , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPromises are among the most widely used tools for increasing trust in social hierarchies; yet the effect of social status on trust in promises is unknown. Here we used a modified version of the Trust Game, in which participants, acting as Investors, were paired with Trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise (or not) to return at least half of the multiplied amount (i.e., 4 × the amount invested). No return feedback was provided. Participants invested more in partners who promised than those who did not or whose promise information was concealed. Importantly, in both lab‐manipulated (Exps. 1–3: math‐induced) and pre‐existing (Exp. 4: university‐based) hierarchies, participants invested more in promises given by high status than low status partners. Post‐experiment measures suggest that this may be due to greater expectations of honesty for high status than low status others. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.
Comparison of various chemometric analysis for rapid prediction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in rainbow trout fillets by hyperspectral imaging technique
Authors: Khoshnoudi‐Nia Sara , Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study explores the potential application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI; 430–1,010 nm) coupled with different linear and nonlinear models for rapid nondestructive evaluation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during 12 days of cold storage (4 ± 2°C). HSI data and TBARS value of fillets were obtained in the laboratory. The primary prediction models were established based on linear partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM). In full spectral range, the prediction capability of LS‐SVM ( = 0.829; RMSEP = 0.128 mg malondialdehyde [MDA]/kg) was better than PLSR ( = 0.748; RMSEP = 0.155 mg MDA/kg) model and LS‐SVM model exhibited satisfactory prediction performance ( > 0.82). To simplify the calibration models, a combination of uninformative variable elimination and backward regression (UB) was used as variable selection. Nine wavelengths were selected. Various chemometric analysis methods including linear PLSR and multiple linear regression and nonlinear LS‐SVM and back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) were compared. The simplified models showed better capability than those were built based on the whole dataset in prediction of TBARS values. Moreover, the nonlinear models were preferred over linear models. Among the four chemometric algorithms, the best and weakest models were LS‐SVM and PLSR model, respectively. UB‐LS‐SVM model was the optimal models for predicting TBARS value in rainbow trout fillets ( = 0.831; RMSEP = 0.125 mg MDA/kg). The establishing of lipid‐oxidation prediction model in rainbow trout fish was complicated, due to the fluctuations of TBARS values during storage. Therefore, further researches are needed to improve the prediction results and applicability of HIS technique for prediction of TBARS value in rainbow trout fish.
Here comes the SUN: Self‐assessed unmet need, worsening health outcomes, and health care inequity
Authors: Gibson Grant , Grignon Michel , Hurley Jeremiah , Wang Li 
Published: April 2019

SummaryUtilization‐based approaches have predominated the measurement of socioeconomic‐related inequity in health care. This approach, however, can be misleading when preferences over health and health care are correlated with socioeconomic status, especially when the underlying focus is on equity of access. We examine the potential usefulness of an alternative approach to assessing inequity of access using a direct measure of possible barriers to access—self‐reported unmet need (SUN)—which is documented to vary with socioeconomic status and is commonly asked in health surveys. Specifically, as part of an assessment of its external validity, we use Canadian longitudinal health data to test whether self‐reported unmet need in one period is associated with a subsequent deterioration in health status in a future period, and find that it is. This suggests that SUN does reflect in part reduced access to needed health care, and therefore may have a role in assessing health system equity as a complement to utilization‐based approaches.