bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Noninvasive Program for Staging Liver Fibrosis in Untreated Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Yongji , Chen Yongping , Yu Zujiang , Chi Xiaoling , Hu Ke-Qin , Li Qin , Tan Lin , Xiang Dedong , Shang Qinghua , Lei Chunliang , Chen Liang , Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Jing , Liu Huabao , Lu Wei , Chi Weilai , Dong Zheng , Wang Xiaodong , Li Zhiqin , Xiao Huanming , Chen Da , Bai Wenlin , Zhang Changjiang , Xiao Guangming , Qi Xun , Chen Jing , Zhou Li , Sun Huiwei , Deng Minghua , Qi Xiaolong , Zhang Zheng , Qi Xingshun , Yang Yongping 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis with poor outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis is important to guide the preventive strategy of their related complications.METHODS:A Chinese multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to develop and validate a novel noninvasive program for staging liver fibrosis in untreated patients with CHB. Liver histology was evaluated independently by 2 pathologists. The alanine aminotransferase ratio, Hepascore, and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet index values were calculated. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and diameter of the spleen were measured. Logistic regression with ℓ1penalty of regression coefficients was used to select the optimal predictors. The diagnostic accuracy for the stage of liver fibrosis was assessed by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve with 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS:A total of 1,200 patients with CHB were included, of whom 800 and 400 were in training and validation sets, respectively. LSM, platelets, age, hyaluronic acid, and diameter of the spleen were the top 5 predictors associated with any stage of liver fibrosis and integrated into a novel noninvasive program, named as the Chin-CHB score. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the Chin-CHB score was 0.893 (95% CI: 0.77–0.92) for diagnosing significant fibrosis, 0.897 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95) for advanced fibrosis, and 0.909 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) for cirrhosis. The diagnostic performance of the Chin-CHB score was similar between training and validation sets. The Chin-CHB score had better diagnostic performance than aspartate aminotransferase to platelet index, alanine aminotransferase ratio, LSM alone, and Hepascore for diagnosing any stage of liver fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS:The Chin-CHB score had good diagnostic performance for any stage of liver fibrosis.
Verb-based vs. schema-based constructions and their variability: On the Spanish transitive directed-motion construction in a contrastive perspective
Authors: Pedersen Johan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn comparison to English, Spanish constructions of argument structure are highly verb-constrained (e.g., Goldberg, Adele E. 2006.Constructions at work: The nature of generalization in language. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Narasimhan, Bhuvana. 2003. Motion events and the lexicon: A case study of Hindi.Lingua113(2). 123–160):Pedro bajó/*bailó a la playa‘Pedro went down/danced to the beach’. In some cases, the dominant role of the verbal meaning combines with a mismatching construction (e.g., an intransitive verb in a transitive construction:Pedro bajó las escaleras‘Pedro went down the stairs’). To account for this evidence from a usage-based point of view, this study examines the Spanish transitive directed-motion construction combining verb lexeme analysis with collexeme corpus analysis (Stefanowitsch, Anatol & Stefan Th. Gries. 2003. Collostructions: Investigating the interaction beween words and constructions.International Journal of Corpus Linguistics8(2). 209–243). The analysis shows that in spite of frequent verb-construction mismatches, core components of the verbal meaning correlate closely with the usage of the verb in the transitive construction. The same patterns were not observed in comparable English constructions. Conceptualized in a constructionist framework, this study suggests that verb framing and learned constructional patterns have different roles in the encoding of argument structure in the two languages. This contrastive analysis has a broader application: to other construction types, to other semantic domains, and to other languages. It is argued that compared to the typological distinction between Verb-framed and Satellite-framed languages (Talmy, Leonard. 2000.Toward a cognitive semantics, vol. 1 and 2. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), the proposed framework is better suited to account for the crosslinguistic differences and the intra-linguistic variation.
WDM-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip
Authors: Jia Hao , Yang Shanglin , Zhou Ting , Shao Sizhu , Fu Xin , Zhang Lei , Yang Lin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The development of optical interconnect techniques greatly expands the communication bandwidth and decreases the power consumption at the same time. It provides a prospective solution for both intra-chip and inter-chip links. Herein reported is an integrated wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip (SoC) for large-capacity optical switching among processors. The interfaces for the input and output of the processor signals are electrical, and the on-chip data transmission and switching process are optical. It includes silicon-based microring optical modulator arrays, mode multiplexers/de-multiplexers, optical switches, microring wavelength de-multiplexers and germanium-silicon high-speed photodetectors. By introducing external multi-wavelength laser sources, the SoC achieved the function of on-chip WDM and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) hybrid-signal data transmission and switching on a standard silicon photonics platform. As a proof of concept, signals with a 25 Gbps data rate are implemented on each microring modulator of the fabricated SoC. We illustrated 25 × 3 × 2 Gbps on-chip data throughput with two-by-two multimode switching functionality through implementing three wavelength-channels and two mode-channel hybrid-multiplexed signals for each multimode transmission waveguide. The architecture of the SoC is flexible to scale, both for the number of supported processors and the data throughput. The demonstration paves the way to a large-capacity multimode optical switching SoC.
Crystal structure of (2-bromobenzyl)((1-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)methyl)sulfane, C18H14Br2S
Authors: Tan Nianyuan , Wu Shuisheng , Huiqiong Yang , Lan Donghui , Au Chak-Tong , Yi Bing 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
C18H14Br2S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.1658(10) Å, b = 7.6868(11) Å, c = 14.971(2) Å, α = 76.328(3)°, β = 84.313(3)°, γ = 81.952(3)°, V = 791.51(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0436, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1237, T = 296(2) K.
Dynamic Properties of Human Hair Fiber–Reinforced Yamuna Sand
Authors: Sahu Raghvendra , Janaki Ramaiah B. , Ayothiraman Ramanathan , Ramana G. V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A series of drained cyclic triaxial tests was conducted to examine the behavior of sand reinforced with human hair fiber of random lengths subjected to cyclic loading. Experiments were conducted at two different relative densities (i.e., 50 and 80 %) with varying fiber content (0.25 to 1.0 %). Factors affecting the cyclic behavior, such as relative density, fiber content, load cycles, and shear strain amplitude, were examined and discussed in this article. Shear modulus and damping ratio evaluated for all the tests indicate that the maximum increase in shear modulus of reinforced sand is observed under medium shear strains and at 0.5 % fiber inclusion for 80 % relative density. However, the fiber inclusion seems ineffective with the sand at 50 % relative density. The damping ratio of reinforced and unreinforced sand did not show a marked variation except for fiber content more than optimum.
DNA Rereplication Is Susceptible to Nucleotide-Level Mutagenesis
Authors: Bui Duyen T , Li Joachim J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication at replication origins is tightly regulated to prevent re-initiation and re-replication within each cell cycle. This regulation is critical for genome stability as re-replication is an extremely potent inducer...
The sources of genome instability, a hallmark of cancer, remain incompletely understood. One potential source is DNA rereplication, which arises when the mechanisms that prevent the reinitiation of replication origins within a single cell cycle are compromised. Using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we previously showed that DNA rereplication is extremely potent at inducing gross chromosomal alterations and that this arises in part because of the susceptibility of rereplication forks to break. Here, we examine the ability of DNA rereplication to induce nucleotide-level mutations. During normal replication these mutations are restricted by three overlapping error-avoidance mechanisms: the nucleotide selectivity of replicative polymerases, their proofreading activity, and mismatch repair. Using lys2InsEA14, a frameshift reporter that is poorly proofread, we show that rereplication induces up to a 30× higher rate of frameshift mutations and that this mutagenesis is due to passage of the rereplication fork, not secondary to rereplication fork breakage. Rereplication can also induce comparable rates of frameshift and base-substitution mutations in a more general mutagenesis reporter CAN1, when the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase ε is inactivated. Finally, we show that the rereplication-induced mutagenesis of both lys2InsEA14 and CAN1 disappears in the absence of mismatch repair. These results suggest that mismatch repair is attenuated during rereplication, although at most sequences DNA polymerase proofreading provides enough error correction to mitigate the mutagenic consequences. Thus, rereplication can facilitate nucleotide-level mutagenesis in addition to inducing gross chromosomal alterations, broadening its potential role in genome instability.
Meiotic MCM Proteins Promote and Inhibit Crossovers During Meiotic Recombination
Authors: Hartmann Michaelyn , Kohl Kathryn P , Sekelsky Jeff , Hatkevich Talia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Crossover formation as a result of meiotic recombination is vital for the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at the end of meiosis I. In many organisms, crossovers are generated through two crossover pathways: Class I and Class II. To ensure accurate crossover formation, meiosis-specific protein complexes regulate the degree to which each pathway is used. One such complex is the mei-mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, which contains MCM and MCM-like proteins REC (ortholog of Mcm8), MEI-217, and MEI-218. The mei-MCM complex genetically promotes Class I crossovers and inhibits Class II crossovers in Drosophila, but it is unclear how individual mei-MCM proteins contribute to crossover regulation. In this study, we perform genetic analyses to understand how specific regions and motifs of mei-MCM proteins contribute to Class I and II crossover formation, and distribution. Our analyses show that the long, disordered N-terminus of MEI-218 is dispensable for crossover formation, and that mutations that disrupt REC’s Walker A and B motifs differentially affect Class I and Class II crossover formation. In rec Walker A mutants, Class I crossovers exhibit no change but Class II crossovers are increased. However, in rec Walker B mutants, Class I crossovers are severely impaired and Class II crossovers are increased. These results suggest that REC may form multiple complexes that exhibit differential REC-dependent ATP-binding and -hydrolyzing requirements. These results provide genetic insight into the mechanisms through which mei-MCM proteins promote Class I crossovers and inhibit Class II crossovers.
Instability of the Pseudoautosomal Boundary in House Mice
Authors: Morgan Andrew P , Bell Timothy A , Crowley James J , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFaithful segregation of mammalian X and Y chromosomes in male meiosis depends on pairing and recombination in a short interval of residual sequence homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR)...Faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis requires pairing and recombination. In taxa with dimorphic sex chromosomes, pairing between them in the heterogametic sex is limited to a narrow interval of residual sequence homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). Failure to form the obligate crossover in the PAR is associated with male infertility in house mice (Mus musculus) and humans. Yet despite this apparent functional constraint, the boundary and organization of the PAR is highly variable in mammals, and even between subspecies of mice. Here, we estimate the genetic map in a previously documented expansion of the PAR in the M. musculus castaneus subspecies and show that the local recombination rate is 100-fold higher than the autosomal background. We identify an independent shift in the PAR boundary in the M. musculus musculus subspecies and show that it involves a complex rearrangement, but still recombines in heterozygous males. Finally, we demonstrate pervasive copy-number variation at the PAR boundary in wild populations of M. m. domesticus, M. m. musculus, and M. m. castaneus. Our results suggest that the intensity of recombination activity in the PAR, coupled with relatively weak constraints on its sequence, permit the generation and maintenance of unusual levels of polymorphism in the population of unknown functional significance.
The Influence of Islamic Work Ethic and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: Islamic Educational Institution Evidence
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Setiani Setiani , Syakur Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

The influence of work ethics on employee performance is highly important. Researches on work ethics have been widely dominated by protestant concept. There has been indeed contradictive sight on some researches related to religious alliances, but the work ethics of protestant is principally different from that of Islam. Islamic institution obviously applies Islamic work ethics. This research is aimed at analyzing the direct and indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment through job satisfaction. The present study adopted the quantitative approach and data collected by using questionnaires. Meanwhile, data analysis is used path anaysis. The sample of the study consist of 70 respondents. The result shows that Islamic work ethics has direct and indirect influence on organizational commitment. The indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment is lower than the direct one. Islamic work ethics can increase organizational commitment indirectly through job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the total indirect influence of Islamic work ethic on organizational commitment is smaller than the direct one. The managerial implication of the current research is that the principal should conduct an ongoing assessment on the work satisfaction of the teachers and employees in order to enhance their organizational commitment.
Nurses’ and Nursing Assistants’ Perceptions of Spiritual Healthcare
Authors: Sulaiman Victor , Cedar S. 
Published: April 2019

Healthcare chaplains in hospital have a number of roles, many of which may not be known. Whether staff are aware of healthcare provisions and the roles of the spiritual healthcare services will influence the use of these services for patients and, of course, for staff themselves. If staff are not aware of chaplains' roles this may affect the ability of chaplains to carry out their full range of roles and provide the care needed for patients and staff.
We investigated nursing and nursing assistants' awareness of spiritual healthcare services in a cardio-vascular department, consisting of six wards and an outpatient clinic, in a central London tertiary NHS Trust hospital. Of the 184 members of staff that are nurses or nursing assistants, 78 filled in our questionnaires (42%). These questionnaires provided descriptive quantitative data to gauge awareness of spiritual healthcare services and provide information for which services needed development. By using the questionnaire, we also hoped to raise awareness of the services provided.
Characteristics of short-patent auditory evoked potentials in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dulnev V. V. , Slyusar’ Т. A. 
Published: April 2019

Background. In children with cerebral palsy, high risk of cognitive impairments connected with sensory disintegration – delayed visual and auditory perception.The objective – assessment of temporary and amplitude characteristics brainstem auditory evoked potentials of children with cerebral palsy.Materials and methods. Neurological examination, retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data of brain and 2-channel brainstem auditory evoked potentials registration with left- and right-ear stimulation and analysis was performed for 60 children aged 4–17 years, with mean age 11.80 ± 0.56 years.Results. There are no significant difference in brainstem auditory evoked potentials latencies of children’s with cerebral palsy age subgroups. A significantly increasing of III–V peak latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and also I–III and I–V interpeak latencies was observed in children with cerebral palsy in comparison of control group. Latencies of different brainstem auditory evoked potentials peaks were significantly higher in children with uni- and bilateral form of cerebral palsy and speech impairment. Group with periventricular leucomalation (on magnetic resonance imaging) is characterized by significantly increased brainstem auditory evoked potentials latencies and normal interpeak intervals. These abnormalities may be linked to non-progressive impairment of brainstem acoustic afferentation.Conclusion. Impairment of brainstem auditory evoked potentials maturation and it’s difference in various cerebral palsy forms may be potentially clinical applicable for assessment of the children and early detection of sensory impairment.
The Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Drink by Mangosteen Rind Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: Wibawanti Jeki Mediantari Wahyu , Zulfanita Zulfanita , Runanto Dedi 
Published: April 2019

Yogurt drink can be produces from goat milk. Yogurt drink was added mangosteen rind extract to increase quality of product. This study aimed to determine antioxidant activity (total phenol compound, antioxidant activity by IC50 and thiobarbituric acid or TBA value) of yogurt drink from goat milk by mangosteen rind extract. Complete randomized design was used in this research with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The antioxidant activities of yogurt supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v) mangosteen rind extract was analysed. The result shows that the total phenol content increased along the increase in the levels of mangosteen. Yogurt drink with mangosteen had radical higher scavenging activity than control. TBA value showed significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments. As conclusion, mangosteen rind extract had the potential to improve antioxidant and hinder the rancidity in yogurt drink.
The Effect of Gatot (Fermented Dried Cassava) and Red Bean Ratio on Water Content and Organoleptic Characteristics of The "Gatotkaca" Analog Rice
Authors: Kusmiandany Eries , Pratama Yoga , Pramono Yoyok Budi 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ratio of gatot and red beans usage on water content and organoleptic characteristics from "Gatotkaca" analog rice. The material in this study was gatot (fermented cassava) and red beans. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. This study consisted of 4 different analog rice formulations, namely T1 (90% gatot: 10% red beans); T2 (85% gatot: 15% red beans); T3 (80% gatot: 20% red beans); T4 (75% gatot: 25% red beans). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the significance level 5%. The results showed that the difference in the ratio of the usage of gatot but red beans didn’t have a significant effect (p>0.05) on the water content and organoleptic characteristics. Treatment with a ratio of gatot and 85% red beans 15% gatot was the best treatment.
Utility of rapid diagnostic kit tests for diagnosis of suspected dengue fever
Authors: Otta Sarita , Swain Bichitrananda 
Published: April 2019

Background: Dengue fever often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness requiring a laboratory test for identification. Serological tests particularly on rapid kits for the detection of NS1Antigen, IgG and IgM antibodies are the most commonly performed test across the country.Methods: The serum samples of suspected dengue cases were tested by Rapid test kits for assessing all the three parameters as well as by ELISA for NS1 antigen test. The platelet count of the patients was obtained from automated coulter counter. The results thus obtained were analyzed in Excel format.Results: The serum samples from 304 suspected Dengue fever cases were received in the lab, of which 190 samples were positive either by rapid or ELISA and 176 when rapid card test was considered alone Highest seropositivity of dengue cases were observed in the age group of ≥60 years (79.2%) followed by 45-59 years (70.7%). On rapid test, 78 cases were NS1 antigen positive of which 60 cases were positive only for NS1 antigen. When NS1 rapid and ELISA tests when compared, 16 kit negative tests were positive on ELISA while 34 kit positive tests were ELISA negative. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV when only NS1 was considered on rapid test kits when compared with ELISA were 78.9%, 87.8%, 63.8% and 93.8%. 33.5% of serologically positive cases of Dengue had low platelet count on admission while only among negative cases 17.2% had a low platelet.Conclusions: Rapid kits often show variable results thus needing a validation of them from end user. As a positive dengue test result is an essential prerequisite for diagnosis thus it is essential that for serological tests ELISA technique should be used for reporting. Thus, it also mandates more efforts at decentralization of NVBDCP to include both government and non government institutions.
Climate change: what people living in Jammu city of India know?
Authors: Gupta Riya , Majeed Mudasir , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Langer Bhavna , Singh Parveen 
Published: April 2019

Background: Climate change has emerged as one of the greatest challenges of the present century. The current study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices about climate change of the adults aged 18 years and above in Jammu city of North India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendants of the patients visiting medical OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A pilot tested questionnaire eliciting information on knowledge, attitudes and practices about climate change was administered to those who were willing to participate. The data collected was presented in proportions.Results: Majority (95%) of the respondents had heard of the term climate change, and 43.9% of them related it to changes in the weather pattern. Plastic use as a major cause of climate change was agreed upon by 95% of the respondents. About half of the respondents were very much concerned about climate change and 80% of them were very much interested in knowing more about climate change and its impact. Only 24.8% of the respondents read/watch stories on climate change.Conclusions: Knowledge levels of the respondents were found to be reasonably good but the same cannot be said about their attitude and practices. Role of NGOs, social communities and media is of utmost importance to make people aware of the harmful effects of climate change on both the environment as well as the health of the people.