bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Vitamin D Supplementation and the Effects on Recurrence and Metabolic Status of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 or 3: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Vahedpoor Zahra , Mahmoodi Samaneh , Samimi Mansooreh , Gilasi Hamid Reza , Bahmani Fereshteh , Soltani Ali , Sharifi Esfahani Mehran , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: February 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the recurrence and metabolic status of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out among 58 women diagnosed with CIN2/3. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (<i>n</i> = 29) or placebo (<i>n</i> = 29) every 2 weeks for 6 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The recurrence rate of CIN1/2/3 was 18.5 and 48.1% in the vitamin D and placebo groups respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.02). When we excluded CIN1, the recurrence rate of CIN2/3 became nonsignificant. Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (–7.8 ± 9.2 vs. –1.1 ± 8.6 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and insulin levels (–3.2 ± 4.8 vs. –0.9 ± 3.4 µIU/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.002 ± 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.02) compared with the placebo. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (–815.3 ± 1,786.2 vs. 717.5 ± 1,827.3 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (113.4 ± 137.4 vs. –53.7 ± 186.7 mmol/L, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) following the supplementation of vitamin D compared with the placebo. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Vitamin D3 supplementation for 6 months among women with CIN2/3 had beneficial effects on CIN1/2/3 recurrence and metabolic status; however, it did not affect CIN2/3 recurrence.
Performance of the 2015 International Task Force Consensus Statement Risk Stratification Algorithm for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Orgeron Gabriela M. , te Riele Anneline , Tichnell Crystal , Wang Weijia , Murray Brittney , Bhonsale Aditya , Judge Daniel P. , Kamel Ihab R. , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Tandri Harikrishna , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Ventricular arrhythmias are a feared complication of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. In 2015, an International Task Force Consensus Statement proposed a risk stratification algorithm for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results:

To evaluate performance of the algorithm, 365 arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy patients were classified as having a Class I, IIa, IIb, or III indication per the algorithm at baseline. Survival free from sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VT/VF) in follow-up was the primary outcome. Incidence of ventricular fibrillation/flutter cycle length <240 ms was also assessed. Two hundred twenty-four (61%) patients had a Class I implantable cardioverter-defibrillator indication; 80 (22%), Class IIa; 54 (15%), Class IIb; and 7 (2%), Class III. During a median 4.2 (interquartile range, 1.7–8.4)-year follow-up, 190 (52%) patients had VT/VF and 60 (16%) had ventricular fibrillation/flutter. Although the algorithm appropriately differentiated risk of VT/VF, incidence of VT/VF was underestimated (observed versus expected: 29.6 [95% confidence interval, 25.2–34.0] versus >10%/year Class I; 15.5 [confidence interval 11.1–21.6] versus 1% to 10%/year Class IIa). In addition, the algorithm did not differentiate survival free from ventricular fibrillation/flutter between Class I and IIa patients (
P
=0.97) or for VT/VF in Class I and IIa primary prevention patients (
P
=0.22). Adding Holter results (<1000 premature ventricular contractions/24 hours) to International Task Force Consensus classification differentiated risks.

Conclusions:
While the algorithm differentiates arrhythmic risk well overall, it did not distinguish ventricular fibrillation/flutter risks of patients with Class I and IIa implantable cardioverter-defibrillator indications. Limited differentiation was seen for primary prevention cases. As these are vital uncertainties in clinical decision-making, refinements to the algorithm are suggested prior to implementation.
Frequency and Outcomes of Reduced Dose Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants: Results From ORBIT‐AF II (The Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II)
Authors: Steinberg Benjamin A. , Shrader Peter , Pieper Karen , Thomas Laine , Allen Larry A. , Ansell Jack , Chan Paul S. , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Freeman James V. , Gersh Bernard J. , Kowey Peter R. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Naccarelli Gerald V. , Reiffel James A. , Singer Daniel E. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT‐AF) II Investigators
Published: February 2018

Background
Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) but require lower doses in certain patients. We sought to describe the frequency, appropriateness (according to Food and Drug Administration labeling), and outcomes of patients prescribed reduced doses of NOACs in community practice.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from the ORBIT‐AF II (The Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II) registry, a prospective, national, observational registry of AF patients. Among 7925 AF patients receiving NOACs, we assessed patterns of use of reduced NOAC doses and associated cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes at median follow‐up of 1 year. Overall, 6636 patients (84%) received a NOAC at standard dose, which was consistent with US Food and Drug Administration labeling in 6376 (96%). Reduced NOAC dose was prescribed to 1289 (16% overall), which was consistent with Food and Drug Administration labeling in only 555 patients (43%). Compared with those whose NOAC dose was appropriately reduced, patients receiving inappropriate dose reductions were younger (median age 79 versus 84,
P
<0.0001) and had lower ORBIT bleeding risk scores (26% ≥4 versus 45%,
P
<0.0001). Compared with those appropriately receiving standard dosing, patients receiving inappropriately reduced‐dose NOACs had higher unadjusted rates of thromboembolic events (2.11 versus 1.35 events per 100 patient years, hazard ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 0.92‐2.67) and death (6.77 versus 2.60, hazard ratio 2.61, 95% confidence interval 1.86‐3.67). After adjustment, outcomes were not significantly different but tended to favor patients dosed appropriately.

Conclusions
The majority of dose reductions of NOACs in AF are inconsistent with US Food and Drug Administration recommendations. There appear to be opportunities to improve current NOAC dosing in community practice.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01701817.
Explication Work for Science and Philosophy
Authors: Schickore Jutta 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article disentangles the various assumptions and expectations tied to case studies, to testing philosophy through cases, and to historical adequacy. Several notions of historical adequacy are distinguished: 1) adequacy to the standards of professional history of science, 2) historical accuracy, i.e. capturing the historical record, 3) relevance of historical episodes to the epistemic interests of philosophers of science, and 4) withstanding tests by historical cases. I argue that philosophers’ preoccupation with historical adequacy is misplaced if we understand “historical adequacy” as adequacy to professional history of science, capturing the historical record, a path to philosophical discovery, or as a test. In the last part of the article, I identify two important roles for philosophically informed studies of science: case studies of current issues can do explication work for the sciences. Tracing the history of philosophical reflections in past science can do explication work in the service of philosophy. Both kinds of endeavors are worthwhile but have very different goals and should not be conflated.
New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary
Authors: WINKLER DANIEL , MATEOS EDUARDO 
Published: February 2018

Two new species of the genus Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 from Hungary are described and illustrated. Characters shared by both species are the number of eyes (0+0), the labial chaetotaxy (M1M2rEL1L2) and the chaetotaxy of abdominal segment II (pABq1q2). P. csafordi sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R0R1R2R3TP/32/0201+2s, inhabits alluvial forests, while P. dungeri sp. nov., characterized by dorsal macrochaetae formula R0R1sR1R2TP/10/0201+2, was collected from a mid-montain steppic grassland.
Zabójcza sympatia: O książce Jodi Melamed "Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalism" [Killing symphathy: About Jodi Melamed’s "Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalism"]
Authors: Zawadzka Anna 
Published: February 2018

Killing symphathy: About Jodi Melamed’s Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalismThis article discusses the book Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalism by Jodi Melamed. The author of the book identifies and describes three different theories of race, all officially antiracist, which over the last seventy years successively enjoyed dominant status in the United States, meaning that they have been produced and reproduced by state institutions and initiatives. The three theories are racial liberalism, liberal multiculturalism and neoliberal multiculturalism. Jodi Melamed argues that their purpose was, first and foremost, to legitimize the capitalist exploitation of colored people, both locally and globally. As Melamed examines the critical attitudes to the dominant approach to race in the USA, and how their polemical potential has been contained, she demonstrates how post-war antiracist ideologies have limited the understanding of racism and provided the foundations for and normalized new forms of racialized violence. Zabójcza sympatia: O książce Jodi Melamed Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalismArtykuł stanowi omówienie książki Jodi Melamed Represent and destroy: Rationalizing violence in a new racial capitalism. W książce tej autorka wyodrębnia i opisuje trzy kolejne ideologie związane z rasą – wszystkie oficjalnie antyrasistowskie – które na przestrzeni ostatnich 70 lat miały w Stanach Zjednoczonych status dominujących, to znaczy były wytwarzane i reprodukowane przez instytucje i inicjatywy państwowe: rasowy liberalizm, liberalny multikulturalizm i neoliberalny multikulturalizm. Jodi Melamed dowodzi, że ideologie te służyły przede wszystkim legitymizacji kapitalistycznego wyzysku osób kolorowych, zarówno w skali lokalnej, jak i globalnej. Śledząc dzieje narracji krytycznych wobec dominującego rozumienia rasy w USA oraz sposoby wygaszania ich polemicznego potencjału, Melamed pokazuje, jak powojenne ideologie antyrasistowskie nie tylko ograniczyły rozumienie rasizmu, ale ufundowały i znormalizowały nowe formy urasowionej przemocy.
Komentarz do artykułu „Dla kogo i o czym? Muzeum Polin, historiografia Żydów a Żydzi jako «sprawa polska»” Kamila Kijka [Commentary on the article “For whom and about what? The Polin Museum, Jewish historiography and Jews as a 'Polish cause'” by Kamil Kijek]
Authors: Stoll Katrin 
Published: February 2018

Commentary on the article For whom and about what? The Polin Museum, Jewish historiography and Jews as a “Polish cause” by Kamil KijekThe text is a short commentary on the article For whom and about what? The Polin Museum, Jewish historiography and Jews as a “Polish cause” by Kamil Kijek, reconstructing and deconstructing the author’s argument. Komentarz do artykułu Dla kogo i o czym? Muzeum Polin, historiografia Żydów a Żydzi jako "sprawa polska” Kamila KijkaTekst jest krótkim komentarzem do artykułu Dla kogo i o czym? Muzeum Polin, historiografia Żydów a Żydzi jako „sprawa polska” Kamila Kijka, rekonstruującym i dekonstruującym argumenty autora.
Klasa, etniczność i państwo w procesie tworzenia marginalności: Ponowne spojrzenie na obszary miejskiej relegacji
Authors: Wacquant Loïc 
Published: February 2018

Class, ethnicity, and state in the making of marginality: Revisiting territories of urban relegationIn the postindustrial city, relegation takes the form of real or imaginary consignment to distinctive sociospatial formations variously and vaguely referred to as “inner cities,” “ghettos,” “enclaves,” “no-go areas,” “problem districts,” or simply “rough neighborhoods.” How are we characterize and differentiate these spaces, what determines their trajectory (birth, growth, decay and death), whence comes the intense stigma attached to them, and what constellations of class, ethnicity and state do they both materialize and signify? These are the questions I pursued in my book “Urban outcasts” (2008) through a methodical comparison of the trajectories of the black American ghetto and the European working-class peripheries in the era of neoliberal ascendancy. In this article, I revisit this cross-continental sociology of “advanced marginality” to tease out its broader lessons for our understanding of the tangled nexus of symbolic, social and physical space in the polarizing metropolis at century’s threshold in particular, and for bringing the core principles of Bourdieu’s sociology to bear on comparative urban studies in general. Klasa, etniczność i państwo w procesie tworzenia marginalności: Ponowne spojrzenie na obszary miejskiej relegacjiW mieście epoki postprzemysłowej relegacja przybiera formę realnego lub wyobrażonego przypisania do odrębnych formacji społeczno-przestrzennych, na różne sposoby i niezbyt precyzyjnie określanych jako „śródmieścia” (inner cities), „getta”, „enklawy”, „rejony niebezpieczne” (no-go areas), „dzielnice stwarzające problemy” (problem districts) czy po prostu „nieprzyjemne dzielnice” (rough neighborhoods). W jaki sposób opisujemy i odróżniamy owe przestrzenie, co określa ich trajektorię (powstanie, rozwój, upadek i zanik), skąd wzięło się silne symboliczne piętno nadane im na przełomie stuleci, a także jakiego rodzaju powiązania między klasowością, etnicznością i państwem znajdują w nich materialny oraz znaczeniowy wyraz? Kwestie te podejmuję w książce "Urban outcasts" [Miejscy wyrzutkowie] (2008), w której metodycznie porównuję trajektorie amerykańskiego czarnego getta i europejskich peryferii robotniczych w czasach panowania neoliberalizmu. W niniejszym artykule powracam do tej międzykontynentalnej socjologii „zaawansowanej marginalności”, mając na celu odsłonięcie płynących z niej wniosków dla lepszego zrozumienia skomplikowanych powiązań przestrzeni symbolicznej, społecznej i fizycznej w obrębie polaryzującej metropolii na przełomie stuleci oraz, ogólniej, zastosowanie podstawowych zasad socjologii Pierre’a Bourdieu do badań porównawczych nad obszarami miejskimi.
Kim, czym, kiedy, gdzie i dlaczego są polscy Żydzi? Wyobrażanie, konstruowanie i zawłaszczanie Żydów polskich
Authors: Ury Scott 
Published: February 2018

Who, what, when, where, and why is Polish Jewry? Envisioning, constructing, and possessing Polish JewryThis article examines the different ways that various communities of scholars imagine, research and teach about “Polish Jewry.” Focusing on scholarship written in Israel, Poland and the United States over the past generation or two, the article argues that each particular community of scholars constructs a particular version of Polish Jewry and that each of these versions is deeply influenced by contemporary social, political and communal needs and demands. As a result, scholars very often end up constructing radically different versions of Polish Jewish history and society. These scholarly differences reflect many of the challenges and difficulties related to researching and writing about the history and culture of Polish Jews since 1989. Kim, czym, kiedy, gdzie i dlaczego są polscy Żydzi? Wyobrażanie, konstruowanie i zawłaszczanie Żydów polskichArtykuł stanowi omówienie odmiennych sposobów, jakimi różne społeczności badaczy wyobrażają grupę polskich Żydów, badają ją i nauczają o niej. Na podstawie analizy działalności naukowej badaczy z Izraela, Polski i Stanów Zjednoczonych ostatnich dwóch pokoleń autor pokazuje, że każda społeczność badaczy konstruuje własny, specyficzny obraz grupy zwanej „polskimi Żydami” i że obrazy te pozostają pod przemożnym wpływem współczesnych potrzeb i wymogów o naturze społecznej, politycznej i wspólnotowej. Na skutek tych różnic uczeni tworzą często radykalnie odmienne obrazy historii i społeczeństwa polskich Żydów. Różnice stanowią odzwierciedlenie przeszkód i utrudnień, jakie po 1989 roku wiążą się z badaniem i opisywaniem historii i kultury polskich Żydów.
The search for new antithrombotic mechanisms and therapies that may spare hemostasis
Authors: Plow Edward F. , Wang Yunmei , Simon Daniel I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurrent antithrombotic drugs, including widely used antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are associated with significant bleeding risk. Emerging experimental evidence suggests that the molecular and cellular mechanisms of hemostasis and thrombosis can be separated, thereby increasing the possibility of new antithrombotic therapeutic targets with reduced bleeding risk. We review new coagulation and platelet targets and highlight the interaction between integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) on leukocytes and GPIbα on platelets that seems to distinguish thrombosis from hemostasis.
OMNIgene.SPUTUM suppresses contaminants while maintainingMycobacterium tuberculosisviability and obviates cold-chain transport
Authors: Azam Khalide , Cadir Nureisha , Madeira Carla , Gillespie Stephen H. , Sabiiti Wilber 
Published: February 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are centralised, requiring long-distance transportation of specimens in most resource-limited settings. We evaluated the ability of OMNIgene.SPUTUM (OM-S) to obviate cold-chain transport of TB specimens.A two-arm (same-day and after 5 days sample processing) study was conducted to assess contamination rates andMycobacterium tuberculosisviability in OM-S-treated samples against the standard decontamination procedure (SDP) in Mozambique, using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) and mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture and molecular bacterial load assay.270 specimens were processed using OM-S and SDP in same-day and 5-day arms. Contamination was lower in OM-S-treated than SDP-treated cultures: 12%versus15% and 2%versus27% in the same-day and 5-day arms, respectively.M. tuberculosisrecovery in OM-S-treated LJ cultures was 10% and 56% higher in the same-day and 5-day arms, respectively, than SDP-treated cultures, but lower in MGIT (52% and 28% lower in the same-day and 5-day arms, respectively).M. tuberculosisviable count was 1log estimated CFU·mL−1lower in 5-day OM-S-treated sputa. OM-S was more effective at liquefying sputum with a shorter sample processing time: 22 min for culture.OM-S is simple to use and has demonstrated a high potency to suppress contaminants, maintenance of viability at ambient temperatures and higherM. tuberculosisrecovery, particularly in the solid LJ cultures. Optimisation of OM-S to achieve higher MGIT culture positivity and shorter time to result will increase its application and utility in the clinical management of TB.
The clinical utility of lung clearance index in early cystic fibrosis lung disease is not impacted by the number of multiple-breath washout trials
Authors: Foong Rachel E. , Harper Alana J. , Skoric Billy , King Louise , Turkovic Lidija , Davis Miriam , Clem Charles C. , Rosenow Tim , Davis Stephanie D. , Ranganathan Sarath , Hall Graham L. , Ramsey Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2018

The lung clearance index (LCI) from the multiple-breath washout (MBW) test is a promising surveillance tool for pre-school children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Current guidelines for MBW testing recommend that three acceptable trials are required. However, success rates to achieve these criteria are low in children aged <7 years and feasibility may improve with modified pre-school criteria that accepts tests with two acceptable trials. This study aimed to determine if relationships between LCI and clinical outcomes of CF lung disease differ when only two acceptable MBW trials are assessed.Healthy children and children with CF aged 3–6 years were recruited for MBW testing. Children with CF also underwent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection and a chest computed tomography scan.MBW feasibility increased from 46% to 75% when tests with two trials were deemed acceptable compared with tests where three acceptable trials were required. Relationships between MBW outcomes and markers of pulmonary inflammation, infection and structural lung disease were not different between tests with three acceptable trials compared with tests with two acceptable trials.This study indicates that pre-school MBW data from two acceptable trials may provide sufficient information on ventilation distribution if three acceptable trials are not possible.
Integrated respiratory and palliative care may improve outcomes in advanced lung disease
Authors: Smallwood Natasha , Thompson Michelle , Warrender-Sparkes Matthew , Eastman Peter , Le Brian , Irving Louis , Philip Jennifer 
Published: February 2018

The unaddressed palliative care needs of patients with advanced, nonmalignant, lung disease highlight the urgent requirement for new models of care. This study describes a new integrated respiratory and palliative care service and examines outcomes from this service.The Advanced Lung Disease Service (ALDS) is a long-term, multidisciplinary, integrated service. In this single-group cohort study, demographic and prospective outcome data were collected over 4 years, with retrospective evaluation of unscheduled healthcare usage.Of 171 patients included, 97 (56.7%) were male with mean age 75.9 years and 142 (83.0%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ALDS patients had severely reduced pulmonary function (median (interquartile range (IQR)) forced expiratory volume in 1 s 0.8 (0.6–1.1) L and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide 37.5 (29.0–48.0) % pred) and severe breathlessness. All patients received nonpharmacological breathlessness management education and 74 (43.3%) were prescribed morphine for breathlessness (median dose 9 mg·day−1). There was a 52.4% reduction in the mean number of emergency department respiratory presentations in the year after ALDS care commenced (p=0.007). 145 patients (84.8%) discussed and/or completed an advance care plan. 61 patients died, of whom only 15 (24.6%) died in an acute hospital bed.While this was a single-group cohort study, integrated respiratory and palliative care was associated with improved end-of-life care and reduced unscheduled healthcare usage.