bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of output mirrors based on circular gradient structures for THz lasers
Authors: Dzyubenko M.I. , Maslov V.A. , Odarenko E.N. , Radionov V.P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We substantiate the use of gradient periodic structures placed on a plane substrate and consisting of concentric metal rings with parameters varying in radial direction, as output mirrors for THz lasers. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, with a certain change in parameters, such a structure has the properties of a concave mirror and a focusing lens, which is of importance for output mirrors of THz lasers.
Tunable laser based on a semiconductor optical amplifier of red spectral region
Authors: Andreeva E.V. , Anikeev A.S. , Il’chenko S.N. , Lobintsov A.A. , Chamorovskii A.Yu. , Shidlovskii V.R. , Shramenko M.V. , Yakubovich S.D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A tunable laser containing a recently developed travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) of the red spectral region as an active element and an acousto-optic tunable filter in an external fibre ring cavity is studied. Continuous wavelength tuning was achieved within a spectra band up to 20 nm wide with a rate up to 104 nm s−1 at a spectral linewidth below 0.04 nm and a cw output power up to 2 mW. The use of one more similar SOA as an output power amplifier made it possible to increase the output power to 15 mW.
Investigation of the possibility of ultra-deep laser cooling using a quadrupole transition
Authors: Kirpichnikova A.A. , Prudnikov O.N. , Wilkowski D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We consider the kinetics of atoms in nonuniform spatially polarised light fields resonant to the quadrupole optical transition with F
g → F
e = F
g + 2 (F
g,e is the total angular momentum in the ground and excited states). The lowest possible temperatures of laser cooling of atoms are analysed numerically and the results are compared with the data obtained for sub-Doppler cooling using light waves resonant to electric dipole optical transitions.
Scheme of a hydrogen-molecule quantum simulator based on two ultracold rubidium atoms
Authors: Ashkarin I.N. , Beterov I.I. , Tretyakov D.B. , Entin V.M. , Yakshina E.A. , Ryabtsev I.I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A scheme is proposed for implementing a hydrogen-molecule quantum simulator based on two ultracold rubidium atoms trapped into spatially separated optical dipole traps. The scheme includes the adiabatic preparation of the initial quantum state of two atoms and the iterative quantum phase estimation. The accuracy of measuring the ground state energy of a molecule is numerically calculated as a function of the number of iterations. The simulation is performed using two-qubit gates based on the dipole blockade effect under short-term excitation of atoms into the Rydberg states with allowance for the finite lifetime of Rydberg states and the finite energies of the van der Waals interaction.
Effect of trapped-ion heating on generalised Ramsey methods for suppressing frequency shifts caused by a probe field in atomic clocks
Authors: Kuznetsov S.N. , Taichenachev A.V. , Yudin V.I. , Hunteman N. , Sanner K. , Tamm K. , Peik E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on a simple one-dimensional model, we consider the effect of trapped-ion heating on the efficiency of generalised Ramsey methods for the probe-induced frequency shift suppression in optical frequency standards based on single ultracold ions. It is shown that ion heating reduces the efficiency of all previously proposed one-loop generalised Ramsey methods, leading in all cases to the appearance of a linear dependence of the reference frequency shift on the residual field frequency shift. Two versions of the most heating stable generalised Ramsey schemes, for which the proportionality coefficient in this dependence is minimal, are demonstrated.
A survey of computational frameworks for solving the acoustic inverse problem in three-dimensional photoacoustic computed tomography
Authors: Poudel Joemini , Lou Yang , Anastasio Mark A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), also known as optoacoustic tomography, is an emerging imaging technique that holds great promise for biomedical imaging. PACT is a hybrid imaging method that can exploit the strong endogenous contrast of optical methods along with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound methods. In its canonical form that is addressed in this article, PACT seeks to estimate the photoacoustically-induced initial pressure distribution within the object. Image reconstruction methods are employed to solve the acoustic inverse problem associated with the image formation process. When an idealized imaging scenario is considered, analytic solutions to the PACT inverse problem are available; however, in practice, numerous challenges exist that are more readily addressed within an optimization-based, or iterative, image reconstruction framework. In this article, the PACT image reconstruction problem is reviewed within the context of modern optimization-based image reconstruction methodologies. Imaging models that relate the measured photoacoustic wavefields to the sought-after object function are described in their continuous and discrete forms. The basic principles of optimization-based image reconstruction from discrete PACT measurement data are presented, which includes a review of methods for modeling the PACT measurement system response and other important physical factors. Non-conventional formulations of the PACT image reconstruction problem, in which acoustic parameters of the medium are concurrently estimated along with the PACT image, are also introduced and reviewed.
Peaks, Means, and Determinants of Real-Time TVOC Exposures Associated with Cleaning and Disinfecting Tasks in Healthcare Settings
Authors: Virji M Abbas , Liang Xiaoming , Su Feng-Chiao , LeBouf Ryan F , Stefaniak Aleksandr B , Stanton Marcia L , Henneberger Paul K , Houseman E Andres 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCleaning and disinfecting tasks and product use are associated with elevated prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms among healthcare workers; however, the levels of exposure that pose a health risk remain unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the peak, average, and determinants of real-time total volatile organic compound (TVOC) exposure associated with cleaning tasks and product-use. TVOC exposures were measured using monitors equipped with a photoionization detector (PID). A simple correction factor was applied to the real-time measurements, calculated as a ratio of the full-shift average TVOC concentrations from a time-integrated canister and the PID sample, for each sample pair. During sampling, auxiliary information, e.g. tasks, products used, engineering controls, was recorded on standardized data collection forms at 5-min intervals. Five-minute averaged air measurements (n = 10 276) from 129 time-series comprising 92 workers and four hospitals were used to model the determinants of exposures. The statistical model simultaneously accounted for censored data and non-stationary autocorrelation and was fit using Markov-Chain Monte Carlo within a Bayesian context. Log-transformed corrected concentrations (cTVOC) were modeled, with the fixed-effects of tasks and covariates, that were systematically gathered during sampling, and random effect of person-day. The model-predicted geometric mean (GM) cTVOC concentrations ranged from 387 parts per billion (ppb) for the task of using a product containing formaldehyde in laboratories to 2091 ppb for the task of using skin wipes containing quaternary ammonium compounds, with a GM of 925 ppb when no products were used. Peak exposures quantified as the 95th percentile of 15-min averages for these tasks ranged from 3172 to 17 360 ppb. Peak and GM task exposures varied by occupation and hospital unit. In the multiple regression model, use of sprays was associated with increasing exposures, while presence of local exhaust ventilation, large room volume, and automatic sterilizer use were associated with decreasing exposures. A detailed understanding of factors affecting TVOC exposure can inform targeted interventions to reduce exposures and can be used in epidemiologic studies as metrics of short-duration peak exposures.
Bile salt hydrolase can improve Lactobacillus plantarum survival in gastrointestinal tract by enhancing their adhesion ability
Authors: Yang Yao , Liu Yanrong , Zhou Sisi , Huang Lu , Chen Ying , Huan Hailin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major probiotics in food supplements. Survival in gastrointestinal (GI) tract is important for the effective use of LAB as probiotics. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH), which catalyzes the conversion of conjugated bile salts into free bile salts, can significantly modulate the gut microbiome. Here, we hypothesize that BSH is important for LAB survival and adhesion in the gut. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of BSH on the survival of LAB in the GI tract. A panel of bsh genes from murine gut microbiota were amplified, cloned and expressed into Lactobacillus plantarum, which were then administered to mice by gavage. Our data indicated that the survival of BSH-positive L. plantarum was significantly prolonged in the GI tract compared with wild type L. plantarum. Furthermore, BSH-positive strains exhibited increased adhesion to Caco-2 intestinal cells than BSH-deleted L. plantarum. Enhanced adhesion to intestinal cells of BSH positive LAB can therefore be an important criterion for selecting effective probiotic strains in food industry.
Structural and Compositional Responses to Thinning over 50 Years in Moist Forest of the Northern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Shen Chenchen , Nelson Andrew S , Jain Terrie B , Foard Meghan B , Graham Russell T 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA thinning study was established in 1967 in moist mixed forests on the Priest River Experimental Forest in northern Idaho, USA. The study design included three thinning intensities: low, moderate, and high intensity (1,976, 988, and 494 trees ha–1). This study examined short-term (11 years) and long-term (50 years) thinning effects on residual stand characteristics, growth, and yield. Since regeneration may occur after thinning, understory change was also addressed. Thinning decreased stand density immediately but improved the growth of residual trees. Shade-tolerant species were favored in all the thinnings and dominated 50 years after thinning. Unthinned stands had higher total and merchantable volume than all thinned stands both 11 years and 50 years post treatment. Regeneration and nontree vegetation richness increased shortly after thinning, whereas nontree vegetation cover decreased sharply 50 years after treatment. The stands developed into multistrata forests with shade-tolerant species in both the overstory and understory. This is contrary to current thinning practice favoring shade-intolerant species, but demonstrates the resilience of moist Northern Rockies forests to partial overstory disturbances. In this study, thinning favoring shade-tolerant species in these mixed forests has a more significant effect on forest structure dynamics than timber production.
Basic principles for the design of antitrust analysis for multisided platforms
Authors: Evans David S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article presents some basic principles for conducting the antitrust analysis of multisided platforms that courts could adapt to the particulars of their jurisdictions and case laws. It has a particular focus on measuring consumer surplus for platform businesses and the implications of that for the design of antitrust rules. It shows how multisided platforms increase welfare by reducing transactions costs and resolving externalities among economic agents. It presents three normative principles for policy interventions and illustrates these principles by showing how they apply to recent debates over privacy. The article then develops a framework for considering antitrust rules in light of these principles given the objectives of antitrust law, error costs, and developing administrable rules. It lastly considers the competing approaches to analysing multisided platforms that were presented to the Supreme Court in the American Express litigation and the Court’s decision in light of these principles.
Effects of Intraoperative Dexamethasone Administration in Adult Diabetic Burn Patients
Authors: Egan Katie G , Allen Andrea , Hendren Gina , Mellott Adam J , Bhavsar Dhaval 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The steroid dexamethasone is used intraoperatively to prevent postoperative nausea. Studies of intraoperative steroid use in diabetic patients have shown conflicting effects on blood glucose and complications, and their use has not yet been studied in the burn population. A review of adult diabetic acute burn patients undergoing surgery at a verified burn center from 2012 to 2017 was conducted. Statistical analysis compared those who did and did not receive an intraoperative steroid. A total of 74 patients who underwent 121 operations were identified; steroid was administered in 14.0% of cases. There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative glucose, insulin requirements, TBSA, or hemoglobin A1C. Postoperatively, the steroid group had a 16.7 mg/dl (SD = 11.1) increase in blood glucose (P = .042) and 53.5 unit/24 hour (SD = 28.4) increase in insulin requirement (P = .019), compared with no change in controls. The complication rate in the steroid group was 52.9% compared with 20.1% in controls (P = .003); partial graft loss was the most common complication. Diabetic burn patients who receive intraoperative steroid have increased postoperative blood glucose levels, insulin requirements, and complication rates compared with patients who do not receive steroids. Discussion is warranted to avoid intraoperative steroid in this population.
The European Union in the Transnational Financial Regulatory Arena: The Case of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Authors: Viterbo Annamaria 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Starting from the observation of an increased politicisation of the financial regulatory debate, the article analyses how this might impact the relationship between the European Union (EU) and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The article first describes transnational financial networks after the global crisis and the shift from trust in technocratic autonomy to distrust and politicisation. It then turns to examine the legal bases for the participation of EU institutions in the Basel standard-setting process, discussing the challenges posed under EU law. The last part of the research focusses on the European Parliament’s attempts to become an active player in the transnational financial regulatory arena and on the role it might play to enhance the democratic legitimacy of the Basel process.
Evaluation of an Easy-to-Install, Low-Cost Dendrometer Band for Citizen-Science Tree Research
Authors: Just Michael G , Frank Steven D 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTree-stem growth is an important metric for evaluating many ecological and silvicultural research questions. However, answering these questions may require monitoring growth on many individual trees that span changing environments and geographies, which can incur significant costs. Recently, citizen science has been successfully employed as a cost-effective approach to collect data for large-scale projects that also increases scientific awareness. Still, citizen-science-led tree-growth monitoring requires the use of tools that are affordable, understandable, and accurate. Here, we compare an inexpensive, easy-to-install dendrometer band to two other bands that are more expensive with more complex installations. We installed a series of three dendrometers on 31 red maples (Acer rubrum) in two urban areas in the eastern United States. We found that the stem-growth measurements reported by these dendrometers were highly correlated and, thus, validate the utility of the inexpensive band.
Celebrating 20 Years of Outdoor Environmental Education for Preservice Teachers at Stephen F. Austin State University
Authors: Griffin Paula 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Preservice teachers at Stephen F. Austin State University have been involved in a 20-year environmental education initiative as a part of the teacher education program. Since 1998, teacher educators and community stakeholders have collaborated with Texas Project Learning Tree to train preservice teachers in environmental education activities to be implemented in the yearly outdoor science education event, Bugs, Bees, Butterflies, and Blossoms. Held on the Stephen F. Austin State University campus, area elementary school students participate in learning stations designed to facilitate investigative inquiry led by preservice teachers. A mixed methods study was implemented to evaluate the overall effectiveness. Data were collected from pre- and post-tests from traditional face-to-face and online preservice teachers. Results showed significant gains in science content knowledge and science teaching efficacy. Open-ended responses submitted by participants in the study addressed self-reflection about personal teacher identity and the overall impact of the initiative.
A computational approach to lexical polysemy in Ancient Greek
Authors: McGillivray Barbara , Hengchen Simon , Lähteenoja Viivi , Palma Marco , Vatri Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLanguage is a complex and dynamic system. If we consider word meaning, which is the scope of lexical semantics, we observe that some words have several meanings, thus displaying lexical polysemy. In this article, we present the first phase of a project that aims at computationally modelling Ancient Greek semantics over time. Our system is based on Bayesian learning and on the Diorisis Ancient Greek corpus, which we have built for this purpose. We illustrate preliminary results in light of expert annotation, and take this opportunity to discuss the role of computational systems and human analysis in a complex research area like historical semantics. On the one hand, computational approaches allow us to model large corpora of texts. On the other hand, a long and rich scholarly tradition in Ancient Greek has provided us with valuable insights into the mechanisms of semantic change (cf. e.g. Leiwo, M. (2012). Introduction: variation with multiple faces. In Leiwo, M., Halla-aho, H., and Vierros, M. (eds), Variation and Change in Greek and Latin, Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin säätiö, pp. 1–11.). In this article, we show that these qualitative analyses can be leveraged to support and complement the computational modelling.
The Burden of Skin Disease on Deployed Servicemembers
Authors: Gregory Jennifer F , Taylor Elizabeth A , Liu Yizhen E , Love Tracy V , Raiciulescu Sorana , Meyerle Jon H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Skin diseases have had a significant impact on the health of deployed military service members throughout history. Given the high prevalence historically of cutaneous disease among United States deployed servicemembers, we review the burden of skin disease on the modern military by analyzing the most common dermatologic diagnoses made in deployed settings from 2008 to 2015. Furthermore, we compare the most common dermatologic diagnoses made in the deployed setting with those made by dermatologists and nondermatologists in the civilian healthcare system to highlight the differences between the civilian and deployed military practice environment.

Methods
This study queried the Theater Medical Data Store for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes to determine the total number of dermatologic encounters as part of all medical encounters from 2008 to 2015 in a deployed setting. These data were provided by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch. For all statistical tests, analyses were conducted using R statistical software, with type I error controlled at 5%.

Results
From 2008 to 2015, 92 dermatology-specific ICD-9 codes accounted for 429,837 dermatologic diagnoses that were made in a deployed setting, equating to 10% of all diagnoses. The top 20 dermatologic diagnoses were identified, and the percentage of total medical diagnoses (TMD) was calculated. Once the individual diagnoses were categorized, a direct comparison was made between the top 20 most prevalent disease categories among deployed military servicemembers and those of the United States (US) population as a whole, based on claims. The most prevalent diagnoses were compared amongst four different settings: Deployed military, military teledermatology, civilian dermatologists, and civilian nondermatologists. Overall comparison of the prevalence between each of these groups showed an association between setting and diagnosis prevalence.

Conclusions
The total burden of disease based on diagnostic codes from 2008 to 2015 is 429,837 diagnoses. This accounts for 10% of TMD from 2008 to 2015 in the deployed setting. Diagnoses most prevalent in the deployed military setting had more in common with those made by civilian nondermatologists compared with military teledermatology and civilian dermatologists. At 10% of diagnoses made in the deployed military setting in this timeframe, skin disease accounts for a substantial burden on deployed servicemembers. Deployed servicemembers with skin disease should be supported through use of teledermatology resources and improved dermatology education for primary care and deployed medical personnel.
IMPACT OF PELVIC AND RAD-BOARD LEAD SHIELDS ON OPERATOR AND PATIENT RADIATION DOSE IN TRANS-RADIAL CORONARY PROCEDURES
Authors: Khaleghi Fard Aida , Alian Amir Hossein Mohammad , Pourafkari Leili , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Tarighatnia Ali , Farajollahi Alireza 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Trans-radial approach for cardiac catheterisation procedures has long been associated with high operator and patient radiation dose. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pelvic and radial shields on decreasing coronary procedure radiation doses.

Methods
A total of 418 patients randomly underwent diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac procedures with and without the pelvic and rad-board lead shields during the procedures. The operator and patient doses were then determined by means of a personal dosimeter and dose area product (DAP), respectively.

Results
The shields decreased the operator radiation dose by 40% in coronary angiography (CA) and by 45% during angioplasty (PCI). These results were achieved at the cost of increased patient radiation dose.

Conclusion
Pelvic lead shields combined with rad-board shields are highly effective in reducing operator radiation dose in trans-radial approach, but it is only achieved at the cost of increased patient DAP.