bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia Predicts Physical Fitness Among Adolescent Athletes in Ghana
Authors: Eli‐Cophie Divine , Apprey Charles , Annan Reginald Adjetey. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnemia indicates low blood hemoglobin levels and has become a public health problem among adolescents in developing countries. The prevalence among adolescent athletes and its effect on physical fitness has not been studied in Ghana. The study aimed to assess the impact of anemia on physical fitness among adolescent athletes in Ghana.MethodologyThe sample of 194 adolescent athletes was randomly recruited from competitive athletic groups, boxing, and football clubs in Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Volta regions of Ghana. Anthropometric parameters and Hemoglobin concentration were measured. Physical fitness was assessed using, right and left‐hand grip strength, reaction time, flexibility, and the Cooper‐12‐min run test, all following standard procedure.ResultsThe adolescent athletes of mean age (15.8 ± 2.5 yrs) and weight (54.0 ± 12.8 kg) were mostly of normal weight‐for‐age and height. The overall prevalence of anemia among the adolescent athletes was 14.3%. Anemia was however, more common among early adolescents (20.7%). The average hemoglobin level was lowest among the early adolescents (12.8 ± 1.1 g/dl), however, there was no association between anemia and the adolescent age group (X2 = 2.112 p = 0.348). Although the proportions of anemic males and females were similar (14.3%), the mean hemoglobin levels were significantly higher among males (13.6 ± 1.5 g/dl) than females (12.5 ± 1.2 g/dl). There was an association between hemoglobin and cardiorespiratory endurance (r = 0.324, p = 0.005), hand grip strength as well as relative handgrip strength (r = 0.379, p = 0.001). Hemoglobin significantly predicted 10.5% of the variation in cardiorespiratory endurance (R2 = 0.105, b = 0.623, p = 0.005) of the athletes.ConclusionHemoglobin levels could predict the cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength of adolescent athletes. Anemia is a public health problem among adolescent athletes and must be given the needed attention to make these athletes competitive and win laurels.
A LysM Effector Mediates Adhesion and Plant Immunity Suppression in the Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Crumière Mélanie , de Vallée Amélie , Rascle Christine , Gillet François‐Xavier , Nahar Shamsun , van Kan Jan A. L. , Bruel Christophe , Poussereau Nathalie , Choquer Mathias 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLysM effectors are suppressors of chitin‐triggered plant immunity in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi. In necrotrophic fungi, LysM effectors might induce a mechanism to suppress host immunity during the short asymptomatic phase they establish before these fungi activate plant defenses and induce host cell death leading to necrosis. Here, we characterize a secreted LysM protein from a major necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea, called BcLysM1. Transcriptional induction of BcLysM1 gene was observed in multicellular appressoria, called infection cushions, in unicellular appressoria and in the early phase of infection on bean leaves. We confirmed that BcLysM1 protein binds chitin in the fungus cell wall and protects hyphae against degradation by external chitinases. This effector is also able to suppress the chitin‐induced ROS burst in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting sequestration of chitooligosaccharides in apoplast during infection. Moreover, contribution of BcLysM1 in infection initiation and in adhesion to bean leaf surfaces were demonstrated. Our data show for the first time that a LysM effector can play a dual role in mycelial adhesion and suppression of chitin‐triggered host immunity, both of which occur during the early asymptomatic phase of infection by necrotrophic fungi.
Multi‐proxy analysis of early Holocene vegetation dynamics on the islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway (northeastern America)
Authors: Vogel Marianne F. S. , Joannin Sébastien , Lamara Mebarek , Asselin Hugo , Ali Adam A. , Leclercq Sabrina , Latapy Cécile , Richard Franck , Bergeron Yves 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFollowing deglaciation, lowland sites in eastern Canada that were covered by proglacial Lake Ojibway recorded direct afforestation with boreal mixedwood taxa, without an initial tundra phase, contrary to sites that were never covered by this lake. Because former islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway were colonized by vegetation before lake drainage around 8200 cal a bp, we hypothesized that these paleo‐islands went through a non‐arboreal phase which eventually transitioned to boreal mixedwoods, hence providing a source of propagules for rapid and later colonization of the lowlands. We carried out a multi‐proxy analysis combining pollen, macro‐remains, sedimentary ancient DNA and charcoal to document vegetation composition and dynamics on two paleo‐islands. Both study sites recorded progressive vegetation establishment starting with a tundra‐like phase with only herbs and shrubs, followed by open forests dominated by either larch or pine, culminating with the establishment of the boreal mixedwoods about 300 years before the final drainage of proglacial Lake Ojibway. Fire regimes seem to have partially driven vegetation dynamics and diversity on the paleo‐islands. Paleo‐islands were sources of propagules, which helps explain how the former Lake Ojibway lowlands were directly colonized by boreal mixedwoods, without an initial tundra phase.
A review of photothermal and superhydrophobic polymer nanocomposites as anti‐icing nanocoatings
Authors: Nazari Ali , Eslami‐Farsani Reza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFreezing and ice formation at low temperatures have always caused numerous challenges in variant crafts such as aeronautical, transportation, power lines, oil platforms, etc. Anti‐icing and de‐icing approaches have been employed to reduce the contrary results of icing on surfaces. Due to the disadvantages of de‐icing methods, anti‐icing techniques are noteworthy, and extensive research has been done in this field. Anti‐icing techniques have been used to prevent ice accumulation or simplify separating once the ice has formed. Superhydrophobicity has the property that can neglect to ice or delay icing on the surface. Nowadays, nanocomposites, one of the most extremely used advanced substances, are used in various industries and usages. In the meantime, polymer nanocomposites as a nanocoating offer innovative solutions for the icing phenomenon by bridging the areas of polymer composite technology, nanoscience, and superhydrophobicity. Additionally, photothermal polymer nanocomposites are based on conventional superhydrophobic materials with high solar absorption rates and have unique anti‐icing properties. In this review, the types of ice were examined in terms of their appearance, formation order, and crystal structure. Also, various theories of wettability and freezing mechanisms were studied. Moreover, various methods of making surface superhydrophobic such as top‐down, and bottom‐top procedures were mentioned. Finally, superhydrophobic and photothermal polymer nanocomposite coatings were explained in‐depth.Highlights
Types of ice and its structure were investigated.
Kinds of wettability theories and freezing mechanisms were studied.
Methods of ice formation prevention were summarized.
Superhydrophobic and photothermal polymer nanocomposites were explained.
The Multifaceted Applications of Seaweed and Its Derived Compounds in Biomedicine and Nutraceuticals: A Promising Resource for Future
Authors: Hyderi Zeeshan , Kannappan Arunachalam , Ravi Arumugam Veera 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing demand for global food resources and over‐dependence on terrestrial agroecosystems pose a significant challenge to the sustainable production of food commodities. Macroalgae are an essential source of food production in the marine environment, and their cultivation is a promising approach to alleviate the impending global food insecurity due to key factors, such as independence from terrestrial agriculture, rapid growth rate, unique biochemical composition, and carbon capture potential. Moreover, in many countries, seaweed has been used as food for decades because of its health and nutritional benefits. Seaweed contains bioactive components that are beneficial against various pathological conditions, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the natural products derived from macroalgae have also been found to have immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties. Macroalgae are also a significant source of rare sugars such as L‐fucose, L‐rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. Besides sugars, other bioactive components have been widely reported for their potential in cosmeceuticals. We have outlined the nutrient composition and functional properties of different species of macroalgae, with an emphasis on their potential as value‐added products to the functional food market. Beyond being nutritional powerhouses, the variety of biological activities in human health and biomedicine makes them excellent candidates for developing novel drugs. Therefore, this review summarizes the pharmaceutical applications of macroalgae and suggests potential strategies for incorporating macroalgae‐derived bioactive compounds into therapeutic products.
Fostering innovation and advancement in evidence‐based practice and guidelines within the field of pediatrics: The 2024 BRIGHT declaration
Authors: Wang Xu , Liu Hui , Estill Janne , Song Fujian , Ozaki Akihiko , Franco Juan V. A. , Florez Ivan D. , Ngeh Etienne , Persaud Nav , Ziganshina Liliya Eugenevna , Lee Myeong Soo , Zhang Lu , Chi Yuan , Duan Yuting , Liu Enmei , Chen Yaolong , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe first Better evidence and RecommendatIons for the next Generation HealTh—BRIGHT symposium was held in Chongqing, China between June 21 and 23, 2024. The symposium did not only showcase the recent progress made by multidisciplinary teams in generating and translating evidence for children's healthcare, guideline development and evaluation, and the utilization of AI applications in pediatrics but also fostered transnational and transregional cooperation to promote the advancement of high‐quality evidence and guidelines in this field. The symposium contributed significantly to the future development and transformation of research endeavors in pediatrics.
Combined Experimental and Computational Investigations of 4‐Amino‐2‐Chloro‐6,7‐Dimethoxyquinazoline as Potential Anti‐Alzheimer Agent
Authors: Asokan Karthikeyan , Nallasamy Karthik , Sivaraman Sumathi , Subbiah Jeyavijayan , Paranthaman Selvarengan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that leads to the deterioration of brain cells, resulting in memory loss, thinking, and executive skills. In this work, 4‐amino‐2‐chloro‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazoline (ACDQ) has been studied using the 6–311++G(d,p) B3LYP functional of the density functional theory (DFT) approach utilizing a basis set. Geometry optimization and fundamental vibrational frequencies are calculated using the above method. The spectroscopic investigations such as FT‐IR, FT‐Raman, and UV–Vis spectra are performed on the selected compound. The time‐dependent DFT calculations are performed in the gas and water phases to determine electronic properties and energy gap using the same basis set. Charge density distributions have been used to illustrate the energy gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. Mulliken population analysis is performed to determine the atomic charges of ACDQ. From the natural bond orbital analysis, it is observed that there is a significant electron delocalization in ACDQ due to the presence of intramolecular interactions. To evaluate ACDQ's anti‐Alzheimer potential, a molecular docking simulation is used to assess its structural stability and biological activity against proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. Our docking study revealed that, ACDQ has a strong interaction with 4EY7 protein with binding energy of −8.1 kcal mol−1. Additionally, metrics such as the root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and the radius of gyration are considered (Rg) were computed using molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the stability of the protein–ligand interaction. Studies on the ADMET prediction of ACDQ have also been carried out. The findings of the current study support the potential of ACDQ as an effective lead therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.
Power Law Amplitude Estimation for Option Pricing with NISQ Devices
Authors: Lin Ge , Guo Zhengming , Song Tingting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe flourishing development of quantum computing has brought breakthroughs to many classical algorithms, particularly in fields like quantum finance, where quantum computers are employed for estimating the pricing of financial options. Compared to traditional Monte Carlo methods, quantum amplitude estimation (AE) algorithms offer exponential acceleration in estimating the pricing of financial options. However, the execution of quantum AE algorithms is limited by the quantum depth available in current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. To explore more applications of quantum algorithms with NISQ devices, a power law AE algorithm for option pricing with NISQ devices is proposed and simulated on Qiskit to validate the theoretical performance. Compared with other AE algorithms, the power law AE algorithm achieves an overall accuracy improved by about 13.12%.
Comprehensive Review on the MXene Nanomaterial for the Catalytic Reduction and Toward Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Destruction of Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Raj C. Krishna , Siranjeevi R. , Shabnum S. Sameera , Nivetha P. , Benazir K. , Saravanan A. , Vickram A. S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHazardous inert pollutants, organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and widespread discharge of pesticide contaminants into water sources due to population growth and global industrialization are becoming some of the world's most pressing health problems. A novel kind of carbonitride or transition metal carbide, known as two‐dimensional (2D) MXene materials, has shown promise in adsorbing several heavy pollutants, including lead, mercury, chromium, and copper. The removal of pollutants from watery environments using MXene nanocomposites is reviewed in this article. This review highlights the different synthesis methods and potential of MXene nanocomposites to improve water purification methods by offering a thorough overview of recent developments in their application for photocatalytic wastewater treatment. This review further explores existing constraints, looks at the mechanisms behind MXene‐mediated pollutant degradation, and suggests future research approaches to improve MXene nanomaterials for extensive ecological and wastewater treatment applications.
Sexual dysfunction after Rezum therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A scoping review for the current insights and findings
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim A. , Khalafalla Kareim , Al‐Qudimat Ahmad R. , Al Rumaihi Khalid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition among aging men, often leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of varying severity. Both medical and surgical treatments for BPH can negatively impact sexual function, affecting patients' overall quality of life. This has highlighted the need for minimally invasive interventions that minimize sexual side effects. Rezum, a water vapor therapy, has gained popularity in managing BPH and LUTS due to its proposed potential to preserve sexual function. This scoping review examines the impact of Rezum therapy on sexual function in patients treated for BPH. The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to August 2024. Articles were included if they involved patients treated with Rezum for BPH and reported the effect of Rezum on sexual function using validated scoring tools. A total of 15 studies encompassing 2,425 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Erectile function was assessed in all studies using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores. Of these, seven studies reported no significant changes in erectile function scores, six demonstrated improvements, and two reported a significant decline. Ejaculatory function was evaluated using the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ). The MSHQ‐Bother score was reported in seven studies, with three indicating improvement and none reporting deterioration. The MSHQ‐Function score was reported in eight studies, with only one study reporting a decline, while the remaining studies found no significant changes. In conclusion, Rezum therapy for managing BPH shows favorable outcomes for sexual function or, at the very least, does not negatively impact it. These findings can guide patient counseling, especially for those seeking to preserve ejaculation. Further research is needed to compare Rezum with other treatment options regarding sexual function.
Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Xuan , Li Dandan , Lv Yue , Zhang Mengnan , Qiao Dianhe , Zhang Zuyuan , Ren Han , Zhang Ying , Yang Zhimou , Gao Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the diagnosis and treatment at the early stages significantly raise the survival rate of breast cancer patients. Moreover, antibody drugs pave the way toward precision target therapy. However, the treatment and survival of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is still worrying, which needs further understanding and study. During the last several years, nanomaterials attracted extensive research interests in TNBC diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances of nanomaterial‐based strategies for diagnosing and treating TNBC. Specifically, treatments for TNBC utilizing nanomaterials are classified into monotherapy, combined therapy, and multimodal therapy based on the complexity of the treatment. Nanomaterials also offer the opportunity to integrating diagnosis with treatment, which are introduced and summarized in this review. By summarizing the design principles in detail, some insights into the challenges and opportunities are provided to inspire further research and clinical translation in this field. The scope of this review is to summarize the development of nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of TNBC, and to discuss future directions to improve the clinical outcome of TNBC patients.
Dynamic Real‐Time Biosensing Enabled Biorhythm Tracking for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Huizer Karin , Banga Ivneet Kaur , Kumar Ruchita Mahesh , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis review article explores the transformative potential of dynamic, real‐time biosensing in biorhythm tracking for psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric diseases, characterized by a complex, heterogeneous, and multifactorial pathophysiology, pose challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. Common denominators in the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases include disruptions in the stress response, sleep–wake cycle, energy metabolism, and immune response: all of these are characterized by a strong biorhythmic regulation (e.g., circadian), leading to dynamic changes in the levels of biomarkers involved. Technological and practical limitations have hindered the analysis of such dynamic processes to date. The integration of biosensors marks a paradigm shift in psychiatric research. These advanced technologies enable multiplex, non‐invasive, and near‐continuous analysis of biorhythmic biomarkers in real time, overcoming the constraints of conventional approaches. Focusing on the regulation of the stress response, sleep/wake cycle, energy metabolism, and immune response, biosensing allows for a deeper understanding of the heterogeneous and multifactorial pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases. The potential applications of nanobiosensing in biorhythm tracking, however, extend beyond observation. Continuous monitoring of biomarkers can provide a foundation for personalized medicine in Psychiatry, and allow for the transition from syndromal diagnostic entities to pathophysiology‐based psychiatric diagnoses. This evolution promises enhanced disease tracking, early relapse prediction, and tailored disease management and treatment strategies. As non‐invasive biosensing continues to advance, its integration into biorhythm tracking holds promise not only to unravel the intricate etiology of psychiatric disorders but also for ushering in a new era of precision medicine, ultimately improving the outcomes and quality of life for individuals grappling with these challenging conditions.
Changes in tumor and cardiac metabolism upon immune checkpoint
Authors: Leven Anna-Sophia , Wagner Natalie , Nienaber Stephan , Messiha Daniel , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Ugurel Selma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the Western world. The associated risk factors are increased by smoking, hypertension, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, aging, unbalanced diet, and alcohol consumption. Therefore, the study of cellular metabolism has become of increasing importance, with current research focusing on the alterations and adjustments of the metabolism of cancer patients. This may also affect the efficacy and tolerability of anti-cancer therapies such as immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI). This review will focus on metabolic adaptations and their consequences for various cell types, including cancer cells, cardiac myocytes, and immune cells. Focusing on ICI, we illustrate how anti-cancer therapies interact with metabolism. In addition to the desired tumor response, we highlight that ICI can also lead to a variety of side effects that may impact metabolism or vice versa. With regard to the cardiovascular system, ICI-induced cardiotoxicity is increasingly recognized as one of the most life-threatening adverse events with a mortality of up to 50%. As such, significant efforts are being made to assess the specific interactions and associated metabolic changes associated with ICIs to improve both efficacy and management of side effects.
Popular Roommates in Simply Exponential Time
Authors: Kavitha Telikepalli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider the popular matching problem in a roommates instance G on n vertices, i.e., G is a graph where each vertex has a strict preference order over its neighbors. A matching M is popular if there is no matching N such that the vertices that prefer N to M outnumber those that prefer M to N. It is known that it is NP-hard to decide if G admits a popular matching or not. There is no better algorithm known for this problem than the brute force algorithm that enumerates all matchings and tests each for popularity—this could take n! time. Here we show an

$$O^*(k^n)$$

O
∗

(

k
n

)

time algorithm for this problem, where

$$k < 7.32$$

k
<
7.32

. We use the recent breakthrough result on the maximum number of stable matchings possible in a roommates instance to analyze our algorithm for the popular matching problem. We identify a natural (also, hard) subclass of popular matchings called truly popular matchings that are “popular fractional” and show an

$$O^*(2^n)$$

O
∗

(

2
n

)

time algorithm for the truly popular matching problem in G. We also identify a subclass of max-size popular matchings called super-dominant matchings and show a linear time algorithm for the super-dominant roommates problem.