bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To manualize, or not to manualize: Is that still the question? A systematic review of empirical evidence for manual superiority in psychological treatment
Authors: Truijens Femke , Zühlke‐van Hulzen Levin , Vanheule Stijn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveInstitutional promotion of psychotherapy manuals as a requirement for evidence‐based treatments (EBTs) yields the assumption that manualized treatment is more effective than nonmanualized treatment. This systematic review examines empirical evidence for this claim.MethodsAn electronic database search identified studies that directly or indirectly compared manual‐based and non‐manual‐based treatment.ResultsSix studies directly compared manualized and nonmanualized treatment (Hypothesis 1). None support manual superiority. Eight meta‐analyses indirectly assessed effect sizes of manual‐based treatment and control groups (Hypothesis 2). Three support manual superiority, five do not. One meta‐analysis and 15 further studies addressed manual adherence as an indirect indicator of manual efficacy (Hypothesis 3). The meta‐analysis concluded that manual adherence does not affect outcome, additional studies provided inconclusive results.ConclusionsManualized treatment is not empirically supported as more effective than nonmanualized treatment. While manual‐based treatment may be attractive as a research tool, it should not be promoted as being superior to nonmanualized psychotherapy for clinical practice.
Attachment assessment in clinical practice: Factor structure of the attachment questionnaire
Authors: Laverdière Olivier , Descôteaux Jean , Beaulieu‐Tremblay Thalie , Simard Valérie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAttachment theory is of great relevance to psychotherapy process and outcome. The labor‐intensive and time‐consuming nature of attachment codification impedes its widespread use in clinical practice. The Attachment Questionnaire (AQ), a clinician‐rated instrument, was developed to address these limitations. However, the status of validation of the AQ remains preliminary. The objective of this study is to further validate the AQ by evaluating its factor structure and convergent validity.MethodsTo this end, 389 psychotherapists completed the AQ and assessed patients’ personality disorders and level of functioning.ResultsFactor analyses revealed that a five‐factor solution provided a better fit than the original four‐factor solution. The additional factor, inhibited exploration, captured difficulties in open, nondefensive, exploration of memories and their effects. Correlations between AQ factors and criterion variables support the convergent validity of the AQ.ConclusionsThese results are discussed in light of patients’ characteristics and recent advances in attachment research.
The vacuolated morphology of chordoma cells is dependent on cytokeratin intermediate filaments
Authors: Resutek Lauren , Hsieh Adam H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNotochordal cells (NCs), characterized by their vacuolated morphology and coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs), form the immature nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc. As humans age, NCs give way to mature NP cells, which do not possess a vacuolated morphology and typically only express vimentin IFs. In light of their concomitant loss, we investigated the relationship between cytosolic vacuoles and cytokeratin IFs, specifically those containing cytokeratin‐8 proteins, using a human chordoma cell line as a model for NCs. We demonstrate that the chemical disruption of IFs with acrylamide, F‐actin with cytochalasin‐D, and microtubules with nocodazole all result in a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in vacuolation. However, vacuole loss was the greatest in acrylamide‐treated cells. Examination of the individual roles of vimentin and cytokeratin‐8 IFs in the existence of vacuoles was accomplished using small interfering RNA–mediated RNA interference to knock down either vimentin or cytokeratin‐8 expression. Reduction of cytokeratin‐8 expression was associated with a less‐vacuolated cell morphology. These data demonstrate that cytokeratin‐8 IFs are involved in stabilizing vacuoles and that their diminished expression could play a role in the loss of vacuolation in NCs during aging. A better understanding of the NCs may assist in preservation of this cell type for NP maintenance and regeneration.
Matrix stiffness modulates the differentiation of neural crest stem cells in vivo
Authors: Zhu Yiqian , Li Xian , Janairo Randall Raphael R. , Kwong George , Tsou Anchi D. , Chu Julia S. , Wang Aijun , Yu Jian , Wang Dong , Li Song 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStem cells are often transplanted with scaffolds for tissue regeneration; however, how the mechanical property of a scaffold modulates stem cell fate in vivo is not well understood. Here we investigated how matrix stiffness modulates stem cell differentiation in a model of vascular graft transplantation. Multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, embedded in the hydrogel on the outer surface of nanofibrous polymer grafts, and implanted into rat carotid arteries by anastomosis. After 3 months, NCSCs differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) near the outer surface of the polymer grafts; in contrast, NCSCs differentiated into glial cells in the most part of the hydrogel. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated a stiffer matrix near the polymer surface but much lower stiffness away from the polymer graft. Consistently, in vitro studies confirmed that stiff surface induced SMC genes whereas soft surface induced glial genes. These results suggest that the scaffold’s mechanical properties play an important role in directing stem cell differentiation in vivo, which has important implications in biomaterials design for stem cell delivery and tissue engineering.
MicroRNA‐140‐5p targeting tumor necrosis factor‐α prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhu Tian‐Tian , Zhang Wei‐Fang , Yin Ya‐Ling , Liu Yu‐Hao , Song Ping , Xu Jian , Zhang Ming‐Xiang , Li Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the apoptosis resistance and hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Its pathogenesis has not been revealed. Here, we carried out experiments to investigate the functions of miR‐140‐5p and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α).MethodsWe selected GSE703 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database to conduct microarray analysis using R software and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Combing bioinformatics results, the upregulation of miR‐140‐5p inhibited PAH progression through targeting TNF‐α. RNA expression was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and protein level was measured by western blot analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). We conducted monocrotaline (MCT) injection to rats to form PAH animal models. The lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Sirius red‐picric acid staining. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the ratio of right ventricle (RV)‐to‐left ventricle (LV) plus septum (S) weight (RV/[LV + S]) were measured in MCT‐induced animal models. Overexpression of miR‐140‐5p and TNF‐α were utilized to research the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic variation of hypoxia‐mediated PASMCs. The binding between miR‐140‐5p and TNF‐α 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay.ResultsDownregulation of miR‐140‐5p and upregulation of TNF‐α were observed in PAH rat model and hypoxia‐mediated PASMCs. And we proved that overexpression of miR‐140‐5p could suppress the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic variation of PASMCs, therefore inhibiting PAH pathogenesis. Luciferase assay verified that miR‐140‐5p targeted TNF‐α directly. A converse correlation was also shown between miR‐140‐5p and TNF‐α in PASMCs.ConclusionsmiR‐140‐5p and TNF‐α are important regulators in PAH pathology and may serve as a therapeutic target for PAH.
An optimized sample preparation approach for atomic resolution in situ studies of thin films
Authors: Moatti Adele , Sachan Ritesh , Prater John , Narayan Jagdish 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis work provides the details of a simple and reliable method with less damage to prepare electron transparent samples for in situ studies in scanning/transmission electron microscopy. In this study, we use epitaxial VO2 thin films grown on c‐Al2O3 by pulsed laser deposition, which have a monoclinic–rutile transition at ~68°C. We employ an approach combining conventional mechanical wedge‐polishing and Focused Ion beam to prepare the electron transparent samples of epitaxial VO2 thin films. The samples are first mechanically wedge‐polished and ion‐milled to be electron transparent. Subsequently, the thin region of VO2 films are separated from the rest of the polished sample using a focused ion beam and transferred to the in situ electron microscopy test stage. As a critical step, carbon nanotubes are used as connectors to the manipulator needle for a soft transfer process. This is done to avoid shattering of the brittle substrate film on the in situ sample support stage during the transfer process. We finally present the atomically resolved structural transition in VO2 films using this technique. This approach significantly increases the success rate of high‐quality sample preparation with less damage for in situ studies of thin films and reduces the cost and instrumental/user errors associated with other techniques.The present work highlights a novel, simple, reliable approach with reduced damage to make electron transparent samples for atomic‐scale insights of temperature‐dependent transitions in epitaxial thin film heterostructures using in situ TEM studies.
Locomotor kinematics of tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in free‐ranging and laboratory environments: Implications for primate locomotion and evolution
Authors: Dunham Noah T. , McNamara Allison , Shapiro Liza , Phelps Taylor , Wolfe Adrienne N. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe grasping capabilities and gait kinematics characteristic of primates are often argued to be adaptations for safely moving on small terminal branches. The goal of this study was to identify whether Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)—arboreal rodents that frequently move and forage on small branches, lack primate‐like grasping and gait patterns, and arguably represent extant analogs of a stem primate ancestor—adjust gait kinematics to narrow and nonhorizontal branches. We studied locomotor kinematics of free‐ranging and laboratory‐housed squirrels moving over various substrates. We used high‐speed video to film (a) a population of free‐ranging squirrels moving on natural substrates and (b) laboratory‐housed squirrels moving on horizontal poles. Substrates were coded as small, medium, or large relative to squirrel trunk diameter, and as inclined, declined, or horizontal. Free‐ranging squirrels used more gallops and half‐bounds on small‐ and medium‐sized substrates, and more high‐impact bounds, with reduced limb‐lead durations, on declined substrates. Laboratory squirrels moved at higher speeds than free‐ranging squirrels and responded to decreasing diameter by using more gallops and half‐bounds, lowering speed, and—controlling for speed—increasing mean duty factor, mean number of supporting limbs, and relative forelimb lead duration. Our inability to detect substantial diameter or orientation‐related gait adjustments in the wild may be due to a limited accounting of confounding influences (e.g., substrate compliance). Ultimately, studies assessing stability measures (e.g., center of mass fluctuations and peak vertical force) are required to assess whether primates' enhanced grasping and gait patterns engender performance advantages on narrow or oblique substrates.
The Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 subverts human NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses
Authors: Bierschenk Damien , Monteleone Mercedes , Moghaddas Fiona , Baker Paul J , Masters Seth L , Boucher Dave , Schroder Kate 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Inflammasomes are signaling hubs that activate inflammatory caspases to drive cytokine maturation and cell lysis. Inflammasome activation by Salmonella Typhimurium infection or Salmonella-derived molecules is extensively studied in murine myeloid cells. Salmonella-induced inflammasome signaling in human innate immune cells, is however, poorly characterized. Here, we show that Salmonella mutation to inactivate the Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 type III secretion system (SPI2 T3SS) potentiates S. Typhimurium-induced inflammasome responses from primary human macrophages, resulting in strong IL-1β production and macrophage death. Inactivation of the SPI1 T3SS diminished human macrophage responses to WT and ΔSPI2 Salmonella. Salmonella ΔSPI2 elicited a mixed inflammasome response from human myeloid cells, in which NLR family CARD-domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) and NLR family PYRIN-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) perform somewhat redundant functions in generating IL-1β and inducing pyroptosis. Our data suggest that Salmonella employs the SPI2 T3SS to subvert SPI1-induced NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses in human primary macrophages, in a species-specific immune evasion mechanism.
The Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium suppresses human macrophage inflammasome responses via the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2.
An embryonic staging series up to hatching for Cyprinodon variegatus: An emerging fish model for developmental, evolutionary, and ecological research
Authors: Lencer Ezra S. , McCune Amy R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing multiple taxa to research development is necessary for making general conclusions about developmental patterns and mechanisms. We present a staging series for Cyprinodon variegatus as a basis for further study of the developmental biology of fishes in the genus Cyprinodon and for comparative work on teleost fishes beyond the standard models. Cyprinodon are small, euryhaline fishes, widely distributed in fresh, brackish, and hypersaline waters of southern and eastern North America. Cyprinodontids are closely related to fundulids, providing a comparative reference point to the embryological model, Fundulus heteroclitus. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists commonly study Cyprinodon, and we have been using Cyprinodon to study skull variation and its genetic basis among closely related species. We divided embryonic development of C. variegatus into 34 morphologically identifiable stages. We reference our staging series to that already defined for a related model species, Oryzias latipes (medaka) that is studied by a large community of researchers. We provide a description of the early chondrogenesis and ossification of skull and caudal fin bones during the latter stages of embryonic development. We show that Cyprinodon are tractable for studying development. Eggs can be obtained easily from breeding pairs and our study provides a staging system to facilitate future developmental studies.
Morphology and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the glowbellies (Percomorpha: Acropomatidae) with comments on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Acropomatiformes
Authors: Ghedotti Michael J. , Gruber Josephine N. , Barton Ryan W. , Davis Matthew P. , Smith W. Leo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBioluminescent organs have evolved many times within teleost fishes and exhibit a wide range of complexity and anatomical derivation. Although some bioluminescent organs have been studied in detail, the morphology of the bacterial light organs in glowbellies (Acropoma) is largely unknown. This study describes the anatomy of the bioluminescent organs in Haneda's Glowbelly (Acropoma hanedai) and the Glowbelly (Acropoma japonicum) and places the evolution of this light‐producing system in the context of a new phylogeny of glowbellies and their relatives. Gross and histological examination of the bioluminescent organs indicate that they are derived from perianal ectodermal tissue, likely originating from the developmental proctodeum, contrary to at least one prior suggestion that the bioluminescent organ in Acropoma is of endodermal intestinal derivation. Additionally, anterior bioluminescent organ development in both species is associated with lateral spreading of the bacteria‐containing arms of the bioluminescent organ from an initial median structure. In the context of a 16‐gene molecular phylogeny, the bioluminescent organ in Acropoma is shown to have evolved within the Acropomatidae in the ancestor of Acropoma. Further, ancestral‐states reconstruction demonstrates that the bioluminescent organs in Acropoma evolved independently from the light organs in related howellid and epigonid taxa which have esophageal or intestinally derived bioluminescent organs. Across the acropomatiforms, our reconstructions indicate that bioluminescent organs evolved independently four or five times. Based on the inferred phylogeny of the order where Acropoma and Doederleinia were separated from other traditional acropomatids, the familial taxonomy of the Acropomatidae was modified such that the previously described Malakichthyidae and Synagropidae were recognized. We also morphologically diagnose and describe the family Lateolabracidae.
Stable 3D FDTD method for arbitrary fully electric and magnetic anisotropic Maxwell's equations
Authors: Nehls John , Dineen Colm , Liu Jinjie , Poole Cody , Brio Moysey , Moloney Jerome V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have developed a new fully anisotropic 3D FDTD Maxwell solver for arbitrary electrically and magnetically anisotropic media for piecewise constant electric and magnetic materials that are co‐located over the primary computational cells. Two numerical methods were developed that are called nonaveraged and averaged methods, respectively. The nonaveraged method is first‐order accurate, while the averaged method is second‐order accurate for smoothly‐varying materials and reduces to first order for discontinuous material distributions. For the standard FDTD field locations with the co‐location of the electric and magnetic materials at the primary computational cells, the averaged method required development of the different inversion algorithms of the constitutive relations for the electric and magnetic fields. We provide a mathematically rigorous stability proof followed by extensive numerical testing that includes long‐time integration, eigenvalue analysis, tests with extreme, randomly placed material parameters, and various boundary conditions. For accuracy evaluation, we have constructed a test case with an explicit analytic solution. Using transformation optics, we have constructed complex, spatially inhomogeneous geometrical object with fully‐anisotropic materials and a large dynamic range of
and
, such that a plane wave incident on the object is perfectly reconstructed downstream.
Poly glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate porous monolith as a versatile platform for the development of separations and solid‐phase extractions in sequential injection analyzers
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz F. , Lopes Martins Renan , de Souza Costa Diego M. , Masini Jorge C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe demonstrated that the porous structure and the reactivity of the epoxy group in the poly glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith can be a platform for the development of separation and extraction methods based on sequential injection analysis. The epoxy group was functionalized to produce monoliths affording complexing and ion exchange properties. Derivatization with iminodiacetate and sodium sulfite produced weak and strong cation exchangers, respectively. Derivatization with ethylenediamine produced a weak anion exchanger, and the treatment of the ethylenediamine‐modified monolith with chloroacetate produced another weak cation exchanger. All the monoliths also worked as chelating sorbents. The columns were prepared inside 50 × 2.01 mm id fused‐silica lined stainless steel tubing and exhibited permeabilities between 0.76 and 4.92 × 10−13 m2, which enabled the application of flow rates between 5 and 15 μL/s by the syringe pumps used in sequential injection analyzers. These columns separated proteins by cation or anion exchange in a sequential injection chromatograph in both synthetic mixtures and in egg white. Additionally, the online solid‐phase extraction of copper ions was demonstrated in a sequential injection analyzer with the same columns. Postcolumn derivatization with ethylenediamine and spectrophotometric detection was used for the copper detection.
Effects of prescribed fire on San Francisco gartersnake survival and movement
Authors: Halstead Brian J. , Thompson Michelle E. , Amarello Melissa , Smith Jeffrey J. , Wylie Glenn D. , Routman Eric J. , Casazza Michael L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe application of fire is prescribed for management of habitats for many plant and animal communities, but its effects on herpetofauna are diverse and remain poorly understood. To date no studies have examined the effects of prescribed fire on endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) populations, despite a call for prescribed fire in the recovery plan for the species. We used multi‐state capture‐mark‐recapture models to assess whether effects of prescribed fire were ephemeral, occurring only during the year of the fire, or persisted for 3 years following the fire, and to estimate the effects of prescribed fire on demographic parameters of San Francisco gartersnakes inhabiting California coastal prairie. Ephemeral fire effects were better supported for transitions (movement) between burned and unburned areas, but persistent fire effects were better supported for apparent survival and recapture probabilities. Movement between burned and unburned areas decreased during the year of the fire, but transition rates from burned to unburned areas decreased less than transition rates from unburned to burned areas in the year of the fire. Apparent survival probabilities increased in the unburned areas following the fire but were largely unchanged, though more uncertain, in burned areas following the fire. Recapture probabilities decreased site‐wide following the fire, though the decrease was greater in burned areas than in unburned areas. Although imprecise, our estimates of the effects of prescribed fire suggest that under the conditions of this fire (low‐intensity fall burn applied to a small area within a robust population and followed by wet weather), prescribed fire is a viable management tool for maintaining open habitats where San Francisco gartersnakes occur. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.