bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Periodic and Temporal Behaviors of Solar X-Ray Flares in Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Oloketuyi Jacob , Liu Yu , Zhao Mingyu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The recent solar cycles 23 and 24 are thought to be unusually quiet with more prolonged periods. Both sunspot groups and solar soft X-ray (SXR) flares show a decline in numbers comparable to cycles 21 and 22. In order to understand the periodic variations and distributions of solar flares with the sunspot group numbers in these cycles, this study investigates the periodicities and distributions of the solar SXR flares, 36354 in total (B (13351) 36.7%, C (20699) 56.9%, M (2141) 5.9%, and X (163) 0.45%) between 1996 July and 2016 December. The continuous wavelet transforms and cross-correlation methods were used to carry out the study. First, we found that the B- class flare number is asynchronous and negatively correlated with the sunspot group numbers. The flare class exhibits deviation when sunspot group numbers rise or fall around 100. The other class flares are in phase, synchronous with the sunspot group numbers. The C-class flares show the highest level of correlation of 0.868 with sunspot group numbers. A different number of short and intermediate periodicities was also noticed among the flare classes. Notable 256-day periodicity is found for B flares, 7, 64, and 300 days for C, 32, 64, and 256 days for M flares, and 40, 32, and 25 days for X flares. The difference in periodic variations of the flare classes could be attributed to the magnetic flux system of sunspot groups producing them.
Statistical Properties of Soft X-Ray Emission of Solar Flares
Authors: Sadykov Viacheslav M , Kosovichev Alexander G , Kitiashvili Irina N , Frolov Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of properties of Soft X-Ray (SXR) emission, plasma temperature (T), and emission measure (EM), derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations of flares in 2002–2017. The temperature and EMs are obtained using the Temperature and EM-based Background Subtraction algorithm, which delivers reliable results together with uncertainties even for weak B-class flare events. More than 96% of flares demonstrate a sequential appearance of T, SXR, and EM maxima, in agreement with the expected behavior of the chromospheric evaporation process. The relative number of such flares increases with increasing the SXR flux maximum. The SXR maximum is closer in time to the T maximum for B-class flares than for ≥C-class flares, while it is very close to the EM maximum for M- and X-class flares. We define flares as “T-controlled” if the time interval between the SXR and T maxima is at least two times shorter than the interval between the EM and SXR maxima, and as “EM-controlled” if the time interval between the EM and SXR maxima is at least two times shorter than the interval between the SXR and T maxima. For any considered flare class range, the T-controlled events compared to EM-controlled events have: (a) higher EM but lower T; (b) longer durations and shorter relative growth times; and (c) longer FWHM and characteristic decay times. Interpretation of these statistical results based on analysis of a single loop dynamics suggests that for flares of the same class range, the T-controlled events can be developed in longer loops than the EM-controlled events.
MOSFIRE Spectroscopy of Quiescent Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5. II. Star Formation Histories and Galaxy Quenching
Authors: Belli Sirio , Newman Andrew B. , Ellis Richard S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate the stellar populations for a sample of 24 quiescent galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 using deep rest-frame optical spectra obtained with Keck MOSFIRE. By fitting templates simultaneously to the spectroscopic and photometric data and exploring a variety of star formation histories, we obtain robust measurements of median stellar ages and residual levels of star formation. After subtracting the stellar templates, the stacked spectrum reveals the Hα and [N ii] emission lines, providing an upper limit on the ongoing star formation rate of 0.9 ± 0.1

M

⊙

yr−1. By combining the MOSFIRE data with our sample of Keck LRIS spectra at lower redshift, we analyze the quiescent population at 1 < z < 2.5 in a consistent manner. We find a tight relation (with a scatter of 0.13 dex) between the stellar age and the rest-frame U − V and V − J colors, which can be used to estimate the age of quiescent galaxies, given their colors. Applying this age–color relation to large photometric samples, we are able to model the number density evolution for quiescent galaxies of various ages. We find evidence for two distinct quenching paths: a fast quenching that produces compact post-starburst systems and a slow quenching of larger galaxies. Fast quenching accounts for about a fifth of the growth of the red sequence at z ∼ 1.4 and half at z ∼ 2.2. We conclude that fast quenching is triggered by dramatic events, such as gas-rich mergers, while slow quenching is likely caused by a different physical mechanism.
Successful and Failed Flux Tube Emergence in the Solar Interior
Authors: Syntelis P. , Archontis V. , Hood A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report on our 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of cylindrical weakly twisted flux tubes emerging from 18 Mm below the photosphere. We perform a parametric study by varying the initial magnetic field strength (B
0), radius (R), twist (α), and length of the emerging part of the flux tube (λ) to investigate how these parameters affect the transfer of the magnetic field from the convection zone to the photosphere. We show that the efficiency of emergence at the photosphere (i.e., how strong the photospheric field will be in comparison to B
0) depends not only on B
0, but also on the morphology of the emerging field and on the twist. We show that parameters such as B
0 and magnetic flux alone cannot determine whether a flux tube will emerge to the solar surface. For instance, high-B
0 (weak-B
0) fields may fail (succeed) to emerge at the photosphere, depending on their geometrical properties. We also show that the photospheric magnetic field strength can vary greatly for flux tubes with the same B
0 but different geometric properties. Moreover, in some cases we have found scaling laws, whereby the magnetic field strength scales with the local density as B ∝ ρ

κ
, where κ ≈ 1 deeper in the convection zone and κ < 1 close to the photosphere. The transition between the two values occurs approximately when the local pressure scale (H

p
) becomes comparable to the diameter of the flux tube (H

p
≈ 2R). We derive forms to explain how and when these scaling laws appear and compare them with the numerical simulations.
The Expansion of the Forward Shock of 1E 0102.2–7219 in X-Rays
Authors: Xi Long , Gaetz Terrance J. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Hughes John P. , Patnaude Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We measure the expansion of the forward shock of the Small Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant 1E 0102.2–7219 in X-rays using Chandra X-Ray Observatory on-axis Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer observations from 1999 to 2016. We estimate an expansion rate of 0.025% ± 0.006% yr−1 and a blast wave velocity of

(
1.61
±
0.37
)
×

10

3

km

s

−
1

. Assuming partial electron–ion equilibration via Coulomb collisions and cooling due to adiabatic expansion, this velocity implies a post-shock electron temperature of 0.84 ± 0.20 keV, which is consistent with the estimate of 0.68 ± 0.05 keV based on the X-ray spectral analysis. We combine the expansion rate with the blast wave and reverse shock radii to generate a grid of one-dimensional models for a range of ejecta masses (

2
–
6

M

☉

) to constrain the explosion energy, age, circumstellar density, swept-up mass, and unshocked-ejecta mass. We find acceptable solutions for a constant-density ambient medium and for an r
−2 power-law profile (appropriate for a constant progenitor stellar wind). For the constant-density case, we find an age of ∼1700 yr, explosion energies (0.87–2.61) × 1051 erg, ambient densities 0.85–2.54 amu cm−3, swept-up masses

22
–
66

M

☉

, and unshocked-ejecta masses

0.05
–
0.16

M

☉

. For the power-law density profile, we find an age of ∼2600 yr, explosion energies (0.34–1.02) × 1051 erg, densities

0.22
–
0.66

amu

cm

−
3

at the blast wave, swept-up masses

17
–
52

M

☉

, and unshocked-ejecta masses

0.06
–
0.18

M

☉

. Assuming that the true explosion energy was (0.5–1.5) × 1051 erg, ejecta masses

2
–
3.5

M

☉

are favored for the constant-density case and

3
–
6

M

☉

for the power-law case. The unshocked-ejecta mass estimates are comparable to Fe masses expected in core-collapse supernovae with progenitor mass

15.0
–
40.0

M

☉

, offering a possible explanation for the lack of Fe emission observed in X-rays.
Intersectional critique and social media activism in "Sleepy Hollow" fandom
Authors: Arcy Jacquelyn , Johnson Zhana 
Published: March 2019

We examine fans' social media engagement with the supernatural detective series Sleepy Hollow (2013–17) and argue that fan discourses about the African American police detective Abbie Mills address the representational and institutional treatment of women of color. Sleepy Hollow fans use social media to counter and reshape industry narratives that often cast Black women as archetypes. We explore how fans recreate meaning by writing fan fiction, how fans collectively critique stereotypes on social media, and how fan boycotts challenge media institutions. By charting the evolution of fan responses to Abbie Mills's narrative arc over three seasons, we explore the potential for fan actions to disrupt the television industry. While fan activism is unlikely to alter the industry objectives of a capitalist media system or reconfigure power dynamics between producers and consumers, organized actions can resist institutional efforts to channel fan activity into show promotion.
<b>Adaptação transcultural do Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit para o Brasil/Cross-cultural adaptation of the Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit for Brazil<b>
Authors: Neves Josiele De Lima , Schwartz Eda , Echevarría-Guanilo Maria Elena , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Heyland Daren , Spagnolo Lílian Moura de Lima 
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo objetivou descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural do Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU 24) para o português do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural que percorreu as seguintes etapas: tradução do instrumento para o português do Brasil; obtenção do primeiro consenso das versões em português; avaliação da versão consenso pelo comitê de especialistas; back-translation (retro tradução); obtenção do consenso das versões em inglês e comparação com a versão original; equivalência semântica dos itens e; pré-teste. Os resultados apontaram para as equivalências semântica, idiomática e conceitual adequadas entre a versão final em português e a original em inglês, bem como para a compreensão e fácil aplicação do instrumento traduzido e adaptado para a cultura brasileira. Concluiu-se que a adaptação transcultural do FS-ICU (24) originou uma versão confiável, a qual precisará ser testada na população alvo e aprovada quanto à sua validade e confiabilidade.
<b>Impacto da inconformidade dos registros de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares/ Impact of the nonconformity of nursing notes in the context of hospital glosses<b>
Authors: Spigolon Dandara Novakowski , Lima Adrielle Machado de , Teston Elen Ferraz , Maran Edilaine , Costa Maria Antonia Ramos , Derenzo Neide 
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: descrever o impacto da inconformidade dos registros de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares. Método: estudo retrospectivo, documental e descritivo, realizado por meio de análise de demonstrativos financeiros de prontuários de pacientes de um Hospital de Convênio privado de saúde. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre os meses de abril e maio de 2017, os quais, posteriormente, foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: 194 demonstrativos financeiros dos prontuários foram analisados e, dentre as glosas encontradas, destacam-se os registros de enfermagem, sendo responsáveis pelas glosas hospitalares, preponderantemente: a ausência de anotações e evoluções de enfermagem; ausência de checagem de medicações; e ausência de evidências de troca ou realização de curativo. Embora o impacto financeiro tenha sido quase inexpressivo, o impacto na qualidade da assistência pode ser imensurável. Conclusão: conclui-se que é importante o uso de estratégias como aplicabilidade da auditoria concorrente para reduzir as glosas hospitalares, proporcionar melhorias nos resultados de saúde e, em especial, assegurar qualidade nos cuidados de enfermagem.
Allopatric separation represents an overlooked cryptic species in the Anania hortulata species complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae): congruence between genetic and morphological evidence
Authors: Yang Zhaofu , Landry Jean-François 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnania hortulata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) is a strikingly coloured, common, and widespread species that has long been recognised as a single species widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America. Using a combination of molecular and morphometric data, this study resolved that A. hortulata is actually a species complex of two superficially indistinguishable species. Phylogenetic and network analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene discriminated lineages from all major geographical regions of China as distinct, A. sinensis Yang and Landry new species, whereas A. hortulata occurs in Central Asia, Europe, and North America. Nuclear gene (CAD) and morphological differences in the genital characters provided further evidence for the separation of A. hortulata and A. sinensis.
Chinese Guqin Music and Calligraphy for Treating Symptoms of Primary Insomnia
Authors: Fung Miranda M. Y. , Kao Henry S. R. , Lam Stewart P. W. , Kao Tin Tin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the intervention effects of using traditional Chinese Guqin music and Chinese Calligraphy handwriting (CCH) for patients with Primary Insomnia.

Methods:
A total of ninety patients were assigned to control group, Guqin group, and calligraphy group for 8 weeks. For 5 days a week, patients’ heart rate variability (HRV) and frontal midline (FZ) electroencephalographic signals were recorded in a clinic during interventional period while either listening to Guqin music or writing calligraphy. Patients in the control group remained in rest condition.

Results:
For the Guqin group, the higher low-frequency-range HRV of coherence was found with marginal significance (P = 0.055), and heart rate was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) during the 4th week in listening to Guqin music compared to the prerest period. For listening to Guqin music or calligraphy intervention, FZ δ, FZ θ, and FZ α waves in the 8th week compared to the 0th week (Pre Intervention) showed a significantly enhanced effect (P < 0.05). Between the three groups, for heart rate and FZ δ and FZ θ waves, calligraphy group showed significantly increased heart rate than the Guqin group (P < 0.001)and the control group (P = 0.004); increased FZ δ wave than the Guqin group (P < 0.001) and the control group (P < 0.001); and increased FZ θ wave than the Guqin group (P = 0.024) and the control group (P = 0.008) respectively.

Conclusion:
Positive intervention effects on HRV coherence of Guqin music; FZ δ, FZ θ, and FZ α waves of Guqin music and calligraphy proved that Guqin music together with calligraphy training helping to promote physical and mental health, thereby it contributes to the clinical application of TCM Psychology for patients with insomnia syndrome.
Beijing genotype dominance among circulating mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in belarus
Authors: Slizen Veronica V , Surkova Larisa K , Titov Lenoid P 
Published: March 2019

Aim and objectives:
The surveillance of genetic diversity and genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), such as Beijing, Beijing B0/W148 genotypes, T (T1), LAM (LAM 9), U, X, Manu 2, H4, is important for Belarus to evaluate mycobacterial population shift under vaccination and demographic changes and the use of new anti-TB drugs.

Methods:
There were 241 isolates of MTB processed in the study, of which 108 MTB were isolated in Minsk and Minsk region, 83, 21, 20 - in Mogilev, Gomel, Grodno regions, 9 – in Brest region, 1 culture - in Vitebsk; 7 were isolated from males with no fixed abode. The gender distribution of studied MTB was as follows: 172 cultures (71.4 ± 3.4%) from males and 69 isolates (28.6 ± 5.44%) from females. An express multiplex real time PCR method with dual hydrolysis probes was used to differentiate Beijing and non-Beijing genotypes of M.tuberculosis. Standard PCR with primers INS1, Rv2665R, W139F2T was applied to identify lineage B0/W148 of Beijing genotype. NGS (both Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MiniION) was used to characterize genome of M.tuberculosis genotype Beijing lineage B0/W148.

Results:
The study provides evidences of Beijing genotype dominance among circulating M.tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Belarus. The proportion of Beijing genotype in patients with primary diagnosed TB was 61,7% (29/47). The frequency of Beijing genotype isolation in Minsk, Mogilev, Gomel and Grodno regions was 51.85 ± 9.62, 66.27 ± 10.38, 85.71 ± 15.93, 55 ± 23.28% respectively. The lineage B0/W148 accounted for 22.82 ± 5.41% of all isolates and 37.93 ± 8.29% of the Beijing genotype isolates. The genetic clone B0/W148 was revealed in Minsk, Mogilev, Gomel, and Grodno regions, where its proportion among isolates of the Beijing genotype accounted for 44.64 ± 13.22, 23.64 ± 13.48, 33.33 ± 24.33, 72,73 ± 33.59%, respectively. The genetic variant B0/W148 was characterized by a high level of transmission (53.22%) mainly among the male population (p <0.05), unemployed, disabled people of the 2nd group, pensioners, by dominant spread in Minsk and Grodno regions (p < 0.05), a higher frequency of drug resistance (all strains are either pre-XDR or XDR) and to a wider range of anti-TB drugs. Sequenced genome of of M.tuberculosis strain 5005 belonging to genotype Beijing lineage B0/W148 (biosample in GenBank - SAMN14150054), sized 4418311 nt, was downloaded to GenBank - accession number CP049108.1.

Conclusion:
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Belarus is characterized by spread of M. tuberculosis belonging to genotype Beijing (61.7 ± 7.1% of newly diagnosed patients) that has high degree of association with pre-XDR tuberculosis (p <0.05) and ineffective treatment (primary and secondary (p <0.05)).
Cellule XIII de Jean Rogissart : fusion des éléments du français hors norme
Authors: Retinskaya Tatiana 
Published: March 2019

Les unités hors norme constituent une partie importante du roman régional. Ce sont des régionalismes qui dominent les éléments du vocabulaire en question. Cependant le roman de Jean Rogissart Cellule XIII se distingue considérablement des textes des écrivains régionalistes. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous proposons l’analyse de deux segments du substrat non codifié ci-dessous : 1) des formes répandues dans une aire ; 2) des unités appartenant à l’argot traditionnel. Il est à noter que le titre de notre article contenant le mot « fusion » montre l’importance de deux sous-systèmes de la langue dans la narration : l’insertion des lexèmes localement limités ainsi que des argotismes dans le tissu du texte est nécessaire pour l’identification des locuteurs et la caractérisation plus précise des événements. L’auteur ardennais qui a consacré son dernier roman à la guerre a réussi non seulement à décrire la souffrance physique et morale subie par le peuple, mais aussi à graver les traits les plus typiques du langage de ses compatriotes et de cette façon à sauvegarder le patrimoine linguistique. L’étude des termes régionaux et argotiques utilisés par le maître du roman ardennais et des outils de leur explication textuelle permet de décrypter les particularités du parler localement limité et de présenter le statut social de l’utilisateur du régiolecte et sa vision du monde.

Nonconventional lexical units have an important place in the regional novel. Regionalisms dominate among the elements of the marked vocabulary. However, the novel Cellule XIII by Jean Rogissart is considerably different from the works of writers-regionalists. In this study, we propose an analysis of the two following segments of an uncodified substrate: 1) local lexemes; 2) lexemes of a traditional argot. It is worth noting that the title of the article, which contains the word “fusion”, shows the importance of two language subsystems in the narrative: the insertion of territorially restricted units and argotisms into the fabric of an artistic text is necessary to identify the speaker and a more accurate description of events.
The Ardennes author who devoted his novel to the theme of war, the main theme of the 10th International Conference on Argotology, managed not only to describe the physical and moral sufferings of the people, but also to engrave the characteristic features of their compatriots, and thus preserve the linguistic heritage. The study of the regional and argotic vocabulary used by the Ardennes novelist, and the techniques of its textual explication, makes it possible to decode the features of locally limited units and characterize the social status of a regional speaker and their worldview.
Marine liquid cloud geometric thickness retrieved from OCO-2's oxygen A-band spectrometer
Authors: Richardson Mark , Leinonen Jussi , Cronk Heather Q. , McDuffie James , Lebsock Matthew D. , Stephens Graeme L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper introduces the OCO2CLD-LIDAR-AUX product, which uses the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar and the Orbiting Carbon
Observatory-2 (OCO-2) hyperspectral A-band spectrometer. CALIPSO provides a
prior cloud top pressure (Ptop) for an OCO-2-based retrieval of
cloud optical depth, Ptop and cloud geometric thickness expressed
in hPa. Measurements are of single-layer liquid clouds over oceans from
September 2014 to December 2016 when collocated data are available. Retrieval
performance is best for solar zenith angles <45∘ and when
the cloud phase classification, which also uses OCO-2's weak CO2
band, is more confident. The highest quality optical depth retrievals agree
with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
with discrepancies smaller than the MODIS-reported uncertainty. Retrieved
thicknesses are consistent with a substantially subadiabatic structure over
marine stratocumulus regions, in which extinction is weighted towards the
cloud top. Cloud top pressure in these clouds shows a 4 hPa bias compared
with CALIPSO which we attribute mainly to the assumed vertical structure of
cloud extinction after showing little sensitivity to the presence of
CALIPSO-identified aerosol layers or assumed cloud droplet effective radius.
This is the first case of success in obtaining internal cloud structure from
hyperspectral A-band measurements and exploits otherwise unused OCO-2 data.
This retrieval approach should provide additional constraints on
satellite-based estimates of cloud droplet number concentration from visible
imagery, which rely on parameterization of the cloud thickness.