bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative oxidase confers nutritional limitation on Drosophila development
Authors: Saari Sina , Kemppainen Esko , Tuomela Tea , Oliveira Marcos T. , Dufour Eric , Jacobs Howard T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mitochondrial alternative oxidase, AOX, present in most eukaryotes apart from vertebrates and insects, catalyzes the direct oxidation of ubiquinol by oxygen, by‐passing the terminal proton‐motive steps of the respiratory chain. Its physiological role is not fully understood, but it is proposed to buffer stresses in the respiratory chain similar to those encountered in mitochondrial diseases in humans. Previously, we found that the ubiquitous expression of AOX from Ciona intestinalis in
Drosophila perturbs the development of flies cultured under low‐nutrient conditions (media containing only glucose and yeast). Here we tested the effects of a wide range of nutritional supplements on
Drosophila development, to gain insight into the physiological mechanism underlying this developmental failure. On low‐nutrient medium, larvae contained decreased amounts of triglycerides, lactate, and pyruvate, irrespective of AOX expression. Complex food supplements, including treacle (molasses), restored normal development to AOX‐expressing flies, but many individual additives did not. Inhibition of AOX by treacle extract was excluded as a mechanism, since the supplement did not alter the enzymatic activity of AOX in vitro. Furthermore, antibiotics did not influence the organismal phenotype, indicating that commensal microbes were not involved. Fractionation of treacle identified a water‐soluble fraction with low solubility in ethanol, rich in lactate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which contained the critical activity. We propose that the partial activation of AOX during metamorphosis impairs the efficient use of stored metabolites, resulting in developmental failure.
Iron overload and arrhythmias: Influence of confounding factors
Authors: Shizukuda Yukitaka , Rosing Douglas R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArrhythmias as a cardiac complication of iron overload (IO) have been well described for decades in the clinical literature. They are assumed to be directly associated with the myocardial accumulation of iron. However, the influence of heart failure and elevated oxidative stress, which are major arrhythmogenic confounding factors associated with IO on arrhythmias, has not been critically reviewed in the published literature. A comprehensive narrative review of published articles in PubMed was conducted to address the influence of confounding factors of IO on arrhythmias. The previous data may have been largely confounded by the other cardiac complications of IO, particularly heart failure. The previous studies on IO‐related arrhythmias lack proper age‐gender–matched control subjects and/or comparison groups with properly controlled confounding factors to assess accurately their etiology and clinical significance. Given the above considerations, further mechanistic investigations to clarify the etiology and clinical relevance of IO‐induced arrhythmias are needed. In addition, investigations to develop arrhythmia management strategy specific to IO, are warranted.
How well do climate models simulate regional atmospheric circulation over East Asia?
Authors: Zhao Can , Jiang Zhihong , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Wei , Li Laurent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the mean state of summer atmospheric circulation over East Asia. Attention is paid to the South Asian high (SAH), western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and Indian low (IL) at the upper, middle and lower troposphere, respectively. A total of 31 state‐of‐the‐art climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are used as examples for the analysis. Most models can basically simulate the three closed‐circulation systems (CCSs), although there is a certain inter‐model spread and an underestimation of their intensity. In terms of geographic location, models demonstrated the best performance for SAH and the poorest performance for WNPSH. The latter shows a generally south‐westward shift compared to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis. Five atmospheric fields (zonal and meridional wind at 850 hPa, geopotential height at 500 and 100 hPa and sea level pressure) are inspected and generally well reproduced in models, with Taylor‐S indices all larger than 0.84 for 90% of the models. The best performance is for the geopotential height of 500 hPa with an average Taylor‐S index of 0.98. Models’ skill in simulating the sea level pressure is the lowest. However, a significant positive correlation with models' resolution is observed. Almost all models underestimate the 100 hPa geopotential height over East Asia, mainly due to the common cold bias in the troposphere. As a whole, CCSM4, CNRM‐CM5, CESM1‐CAM5 and NorESM1‐M are identified as high‐skill models for simulating the East Asian atmospheric circulation. High‐skill models also show better simulation of precipitations in East China, with a 21.3% decrease of dry biases in Southeast China. The physical explanation for this linkage is also reported to reside in the central position of the WNPSH, which determines the quality of 850 hPa winds and water vapour transport in Southeast China.
Chinese venturers to Pacific Small Island Developing States: Travel and lifestyle
Authors: Lau Chloe K.H. , Fan Daisy X.F. , Milne Simon , Qiu Hanqin , Sun Minghui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study emphasizes the necessity to understand the needs of the growing Chinese market, while also assessing how ready Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific are for these new visitors. Through a mixed method approach, combining individual visitor surveys and focus groups, this study investigates the lifestyle characteristics of outbound Chinese tourists to the Cook Islands and the motivation and travel behavior of these travelers. We refine a model for the travel lifestyle of Chinese tourists that has applicability to Small Island Developing States elsewhere around the world.
Unilateral versus bilateral sinonasal disease: Considerations in differential diagnosis and workup
Authors: Eckhoff Austin , Cox Daniel , Luk Lauren , Maidman Samuel , Wise Sarah K. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveImaging findings play an important role in the workup and diagnosis of sinonasal disease. Unilateral versus bilateral involvement is a key finding that can differentiate between various diagnoses. Our objective is to characterize presenting symptoms, imaging findings, and most common diagnoses associated with unilateral versus bilateral sinonasal disease.MethodsPatients who underwent surgical intervention for sinonasal disease at Emory University between May 2015 and December 2016 were included in the study. Information including demographic variables, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, imaging findings, and pathologic diagnosis was collected for each patient. Unilateral versus bilateral disease was determined by preoperative computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and correlated to surgical and pathologic findings. Data was analyzed using quantitative methodologies and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 250 patients presenting for primary sinonasal surgery, including 110 patients with unilateral disease and 140 patients with bilateral disease. The most common diagnosis for patients with bilateral disease was chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (46%) followed by chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (26%). For patients with unilateral disease the most common diagnoses were chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (21%), malignancy (19%), benign neoplasm (15%), and allergic fungal sinusitis (10%). There was a statistically significant association between unilateral sinonasal disease and the final diagnosis of benign neoplasm (OR = 7.8, P < .01) and malignancy (OR = 8, P < .01).ConclusionPatients with unilateral sinus disease on initial imaging are less likely chronic rhinosinusitis compared to patients with bilateral disease. This should be taken into consideration in the workup and management of patients with unilateral sinus disease.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:E116–E121, 2020
Elevated exosomal lysyl oxidase like 2 is a potential biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sanada Tomoyoshi , Islam Afsana , Kaminota Teppei , Kirino Yui , Tanimoto Reina , Yoshimitsu Hana , Yano Hajime , Mizuno Yosuke , Okada Masahiro , Mitani Souhei , Ugumori Tohru , Tanaka Junya , Hato Naohito 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe secretory enzyme lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) is speculated to contribute to tumor progression through its functions in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. We previously identified elevated expression of LOXL2 in metastatic human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells in a mouse lymph node metastases model. Here we performed a case series study examining LOXL2 expression levels in human serum from HNSCC patients to evaluate whether LOXL2 is worth evaluation in a large cohort study.MethodsLOXL2 protein levels in three serum samples from HNSCC patients were assessed by immunoblotting and LOXL2 tissue expression was examined in one human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue by immunohistochemistry as a representative of HNSCC tissue. Serum samples were further fractionated in exosomes and supernatants by ultracentrifugation, which were then subjected to immunoblot and in vitro LOX activity analyses. Exosomal LOXL2 levels of 36 serum samples from HNSCC patients and seven healthy volunteers were measured using polymer sedimentation exosome preparation followed by ELISA measurement and subjected to statistical analyses.ResultsImmunoblot analyses revealed that LOXL2 was present in serum exosomal fractions from three HNSCC patients, and we observed approximately threefold higher levels of LOXL2 in HNSCC patients compared with three healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemical LOXL2 staining was detected in HNSCC cells in addition to non‐cancerous lipid tissues and some muscles in human tongue HNSCC tissue. Further measurements of exosomal LOXL2 by ELISA showed over ninefold higher mean LOXL2 levels in patients compared with controls. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation between elevated serum exosomal LOXL2 levels and low‐grade, but not high‐grade, HNSCC.ConclusionsOur case series study that elevated serum exosomal LOXL2 levels exhibited a correlation with low‐grade HNSCCs. A follow‐up large cohort clinical study will be required to determine the potential clinical utility of LOXL2 as a new biomarker and/or therapy target for HNSCCs.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E327–E334, 2020
Library Acquisitions Patterns: Review
Authors: Galbraith James 
Published: June 2019

Key points

The Library Acquisitions Patterns (LAP) project examines acquisitions patterns across 124 US higher education institutions in FY2017 and a subset of 51 institutions over fiscal years 2014–2017.
The report began as a study of Amazon's impact as an academic library vendor, but expanded into a broader study of the purchasing of individual print and e‐book titles within a specific price range across all vendors.
The project uses data provided by academic libraries that use Ex Libris' ALMA integrated library system and OCLC's Worldshare Management Services (WMS); these systems do not allow users to create customized fields of data and so, theoretically, would provide more compatible data.
The report's strength is in defining high‐level acquisition patterns across academic libraries, vendors, and broad disciplinary fields; the analysis and findings are not granular.
The authors believe their report provides one of the broadest overviews of acquisitions patterns of US academic libraries than has ever been conducted to date; there is no reason to doubt them.
LAP demonstrates a methodology for study acquisitions and points to numerous other avenues of potential research.
Adipose‐Specific Expression, Developmental and Nutritional Regulation of the Gene‐Encoding Retinol‐Binding Protein 7 in Pigs
Authors: Ahn Jinsoo , Suh Yeunsu , Lee Kichoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModulation of expression of adipose tissue‐specific transcripts has been known to regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Recently, adipose‐specific expression patterns and developmental regulation of the gene‐encoding retinol‐binding protein 7 (RBP7) was identified. However, its expression in adipose tissue of the porcine species has yet to be explored. In this study, adipose tissue‐specific expression of porcine RBP7 was identified and conservation of the fatty acid‐binding domains and evolutionary relationship of the RBP7 gene were verified comparatively across mammalian species. Our in vitro and in vivo analysis of gene expression revealed that RBP7 expression was significantly high in fat cell fraction compared to stromal vascular cells (p < 0.05) and increased during development (p < 0.05). The level of RBP7 expression was upregulated during a 24‐h short‐term fasting intervention and restored 6 h after refeeding (p < 0.05). Taken together, these studies provide insights into the role of RBP7 in adipose tissue of pigs during development and nutritional intervention and pave the way for future studies on the regulation of retinol homeostasis in porcine adipose tissue.
Recent achievements in developing selective Gq inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Hang , Nielsen Alexander L. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractG proteins are key mediators of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, facilitating a plethora of important physiological processes. The role of G proteins is much less understood than other aspects of GPCR function, which is largely due to the shortage of potent and selective G protein inhibitors. The natural cyclic depsipeptides YM‐254890 and FR900359 are two of the very few known selective inhibitors of the Gq subfamily, and are used as unique pharmacological tools in the study of G
q‐mediated signaling. Moreover, a peptide‐based G protein antagonist‐2A (GP‐2A), a 27‐residue peptide (27mer(I860A)) derived from phospholipase C‐β3 (PLC‐β3), and the small molecule BIM‐46187 have also been characterized as selective G
q inhibitors within the past 5 years. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical syntheses, characterization, and mechanism of action of these selective G
q inhibitors. The development and application of G
q‐selective inhibitors will expand our knowledge of the structure and function of G protein‐mediated signaling, shed light on the development of inhibitors for other G protein classes, and feed in to drug discovery for diseases where G proteins are implicated, including various forms of cancer.
Comparison of Female Sexual Function Index in patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls
Authors: Boone Denise , Ronson Ashley , Karsh Jacob 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the recent study was to identify and compare the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) of three female populations: those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and healthy individuals.MethodsIn this descriptive correlational study, convenience sampling was used to recruit 50 female RA patients, 36 female PsA patients and 50 healthy women between June and September 2018.ResultsThe mean ages of the RA patients, PsA patients and healthy controls were, respectively, 53.1 ± 11.8 years, 51.6 ± 13.7 years and 37.4 ± 10.4 years. Controls were significantly younger than RA (p < 0.001) and PsA (p = 0.002) patients. Data including all participants: Based on the total sexual functioning cut‐off score of 26.55, 68% of RA patients (34/50), 67% of PsA patients (22/33) and 44% of healthy controls (11/25) met the criteria for sexual dysfunction. Data excluding participants who reported not having had sex in the previous month: Controls had significantly higher FSFI scores than the RA patients across all six domains (p ≤ 0.001) and the overall score (p < 0.001). Controls had significantly higher FSFI scores than the PsA patients across four of the six domains (p ≤ 0.026) and the overall score (p = 0.008). There were no statistically significant differences between the RA and PsA groups. Patient pain, patient global status and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were not significantly correlated with the total FSFI score in either PsA or RA.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that decreased sexual functioning is more common in women with RA and PsA when compared with controls. All female patients with RA and PsA should be screened for sexual dysfunction.
Thermal properties and electric modulus approach to the analysis of dielectric relaxation of nanocomposites based on carbon dots
Authors: Bouknaitir Ilham , Teixeira Silvia Soreto , Kreit Lamyaa , Panniello Annamaria , Fini Paola , Striccoli Marinella , Costa Luis Cadillon , Achour Mohammed Essaid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe investigation of thermal and dielectric properties of carbon dots dispersed in PMMA has been conducted in freestanding thin solid films. Thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range 100 Hz to 100 kHz and temperatures between 200 and 390 K, was used for the electrical characterization. Using the electric modulus formalism, it has been found that the Havriliak‐Negami model of dielectric relaxation is adequate to fit the experimental data, from which the relaxation parameters can be calculated. The inclusion of C‐Dots in PMMA provides a plasticizing effect on the polymer structure, giving rise to an increase in the mobility of PMMA chains, and consequent changes in the relaxation parameters.
Crosslinked Polyvinylnorbornene‐Based Membranes as a New Class of Solvent‐Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Dujardin Wouter , Van Goethem Cédric , Steele Julian A. , Roeffaers Maarten , Vankelecom Ivo F. J. , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSolvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) has received increasing attention since the turn of the century within energy‐ and waste‐efficient unit processes. This work explores the synthesis and characterization of crosslinked polynorbornenes for SRNF. A series of polyvinylnorbornene thin‐film composite membranes with increasing degree of crosslinking were prepared and tested for their SRNF performance in heptane, chloroform, and toluene. Sudan Black B (457 g mol−1) was used as the solute. Then, 99% retention was achieved in heptane, 86% in chloroform, and 75% in toluene. It was further shown that the permeance and retention can be fine‐tuned in these solvents by controlling the extent of crosslinking. This work thus introduces the crosslinking of polynorbornenes as a promising material route for SRNF. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1593–1600
Preparation and Morphologies of AB6¯ Block‐Graft Copolymers
Authors: Watanabe Momoka , Asai Yusuke , Takano Atsushi , Matsushita Yushu 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMicrophase‐separated structures of a series of AB6 block‐graft copolymers were studied by TEM and SAXS. Ten copolymers with the same polystyrene (S) backbone and six polyisoprene (I) grafts on the average but with different graft chain lengths were carefully synthesized by living anionic polymerization, covering the range 0.21 ≤ ϕS ≤ 0.90, where ϕS denotes polystyrene compositions. From TEM observation of the AB6 block‐graft copolymers, it turns out to be clear that they show four microphase‐separated structures, S‐spheres, S‐cylinders(S‐prisms), alternative lamellae, and I‐cylinders. Among them, for example, the samples with 0.54 ≤ ϕS ≤ 0.58 shows prism structures whose cross sections of the S domains are close to hexagons, not circles, due to packing frustration of grafts. Composition dependence of morphologies of the present AB6 block‐graft copolymers reveals their phase diagram is extremely asymmetric with respect to ϕS = 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 952–960
New tools for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli: A 5‐year update
Authors: Rosano Germán L. , Morales Enrique S. , Ceccarelli Eduardo A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe production of proteins in sufficient amounts is key for their study or use as biotherapeutic agents. Escherichia coli is the host of choice for recombinant protein production given its fast growth, easy manipulation, and cost‐effectiveness. As such, its protein production capabilities are continuously being improved. Also, the associated tools (such as plasmids and cultivation conditions) are subject of ongoing research to optimize product yield. In this work, we review the latest advances in recombinant protein production in E. coli.
Biodegradation of chlorinated organic pesticides endosulfan and chlorpyrifos in soil extract broth using fungi
Authors: Bisht Jyoti , Harsh N.S.K. , Palni Lok Man S. , Agnihotri Vasudha , Kumar Anuj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study was designed to screen 20 fungi for their potential to degrade the chlorinated organic pesticides endosulfan and chlorpyrifos. Fungi were first screened for their tolerance to various concentrations of target pesticides using soil extract agar and subsequent degradation studies were performed in soil extract broth containing 25 mg/L of the individual pesticide. Pesticide degradation was evaluated using gas chromatography. Other parameters, such as pH and mycelial weight, were also determined. Based on percent growth inhibition of test fungi and subsequent analysis of EC50values, the overall results revealed that chlorpyrifos showed significantly more growth inhibition in all tested fungi compared with endosulfan.Trametes hirsutashowed complete degradation of both α‐ and β‐endosulfan isomers andCladosporium cladosporioidesdisplayed maximum degradation of chlorpyrifos. All test fungi degraded endosulfan more efficiently than chlorpyrifos, exceptPhanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma harzianum, andTrichoderma virenswhich showed higher degradation of chlorpyrifos than endosulfan. It was also found that all tested fungi degraded α‐endosulfan more efficiently than β‐endosulfan. Endosulfan sulfate was found to be the major degradation product with all tested fungi. Fungi which showed more endosulfan degradation also produced more endosulfan sulfate. However, less endosulfan sulfate was detected withT. hirsutaandTrametes versicolor, although they degraded endosulfan more efficiently.
A research note on the assessment of optimum conditions for preparing soils for bioremediation feasibility testing
Authors: Guerin Turlough 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this applied study, the effects of short‐term storage at 22°C, 6°C, and −25°C on the numbers of microorganisms enumerated were examined with soils collected from a petrochemical contaminated soil containing multiple contaminants including phenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Short term storage of soils at refrigerator temperature did not significantly change the number of microorganisms compared to those in the fresh soil (0 days of storage); however, at −25°C there was a slight decrease in the phenol utilizers and total viable count (TVC). Long‐term storage caused a significant decrease in the number of phenol utilizers in the petrochemical‐contaminated soil samples. Chemical dispersing agents were used in an attempt to increase the extraction of microorganisms from naphthalene contaminated soil which were predominantly clay soils. These did not significantly change the enumeration of naphthalene utilizers or TVC. While these results are not unexpected from current research and knowledge of microbial community succession in laboratory environments, the results from the applied nature of this study confirm that it is best practice to keep soil samples designated for bacterial enumeration for the shortest possible time, and not longer than 1–2 weeks, and at refrigerated temperature (6°C) in preference to room (22°C) or deep freezer (−18°C) temperatures.