bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher-Parent Relations and Professional strategies: A Case Study on Documentation and Talk about Documentation in a Swedish Preschool
Authors: Löfdahl Annica 
Published: March 2019

THE ARTICLE IS FRAMED by a project designed to study the teacher profession in a current Swedish preschool through work on systematic documentation of quality. Questions deal with how teachers handle the demands on visibility, how they perform and what aspects of the teaching profession will be exposed and what parts will be silenced. This article examines documentation directed towards parents in one public preschool setting over a school year. Apart from weekly parental letters, the data consisted of observations from a staff meeting focusing on teachers' talk while producing the yearly quality account (QA), the content of the final written QA and a follow-up interview. In this case, the requirement of involving the parents in the work on systematic documentation is a traditional but recently clearly expressed policy in the Swedish Education Act. Analysis is based on theories of education policy and how the policy needs to be handled in the local context by the teachers, and theories on the teacher profession and professionalism. The results show that professional strategies like keeping distance vs. keeping closeness are connected to teacher–parent relations such as trust and mate relations. Teacher–parent relations as emotional were found in talks about documentation, and professional strategies to obscure and neutralise were found in relation to the QA.
Young Children's Social Behaviour: A Singapore Perspective
Authors: Carter Margaret Anne 
Published: March 2019

THIS ARTICLE REPORTS RESEARCH from a descriptive study, identifying parents' and teachers' views of young children's social behaviour. This study was conducted in Singapore with 26 respondents, 13 early year's teachers and 13 parents, five from an international school and 21 from a Catholic school. Using qualitative thematic analysis, the researcher revealed three key themes influencing the development of young children's social behaviour: differences across generations, quality of relationships and mechanisms of socialisation. The intention of this study was not to compare the settings but to record the perceptions of respondents as they reflected on factors influencing young children's social behaviour in Singapore. Implications of the findings are discussed with future research identified. Findings will inform a larger study examining the implementation of social learning curriculums across three early years' schools in Singapore.
The Selection of ECEC Programs by Australian Families: Quality, Availability, Usage and Family Demographics
Authors: Cloney Dan , Tayler Collette , Hattie John , Cleveland Gordon , Adams Ray 
Published: March 2019

HIGH-QUALITY EARLY CHILDHOOD education and care (ECEC) programs have the potential to ameliorate socioeconomic status (SES) gradients. In the Australian ECEC market, however, there is no guarantee that children from low SES backgrounds access high-quality ECEC programs. This study tested the influence of family SES on the selection of ECEC program quality. Participants were 2494 children enrolled in up to 1427 ECEC classrooms (mean age at entry = 43 months, SD = eight months). The study controlled for a range of child, family, home and community-level background factors. Both cross-sectional (linear regression) and longitudinal (growth models) methods are used. The study confirmed that children from lower SES families were more likely to attend lower quality programs. Longitudinal modelling showed the largest quality gap before kindergarten. To narrow SES-related achievement gaps there is a need to significantly improve aspects of program quality that influence children's development, and specifically to do so in programs for younger children. There is a particular need to target ECEC programs in lower SES areas to ameliorate the observed SES quality gradient. The findings further challenge current policy directions from the Productivity Commission inquiry into child care and early learning.
Infant–toddler Educators' Language Support Practices during Snack-time
Authors: Degotardi Sheila , Torr Jane , Nguyen Nga Thanh 
Published: March 2019

THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE quantity and quality of infant–toddler educators' language-support practices during morning or afternoon snack-time short episodes. Infants' participation in, and the quality of their interactions with adults plays a critical role in their language development. However, while mealtimes with older children have been identified as providing rich opportunities for language development, research suggests that infant educators may overlook the pedagogical significance of this context. The participants comprised 26 focus educators whose video-recorded snack-time interactions were extracted from a three-hour observation of their normal duties with the children. The recording and associated transcript of focus educator talk was analysed to determine measures of language-promoting talk characteristics and teaching strategies. Overall results illustrate that educators' language-promoting practices were limited in their potential to promote language development. Individual differences were positively related to qualification level, and to whether or not the educator predominantly sat with the children, and were negatively related to infant–educator ratios. Findings suggest the need for an increased focus on educators' pedagogical knowledge and skills related to supporting language development with these very young children.
Formulation Study of Tea Tree Oil Patches
Authors: Minghetti Paola , Casiraghi Antonella , Cilurzo Francesco , Gambaro Veniero , Montanari Luisa 
Published: March 2019

The antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties of tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia are well documented. In order to optimize its therapeutic activity, TTO patches were designed. The aim of this work was the formulation of monolayer patches containing TTO. Moreover, the performance of oleic acid (OA) as a skin penetration enhancer in patches was evaluated. Terpinen-4-ol (T4OL), the main component of TTO, was the marker used to evaluate TTO skin permeability. The permeation study was performed through human epidermis by using Franz diffusion cells. Patches were prepared by using methacrylic copolymers, Eudragit E100 (EuE100) or Eudragit NE (EuNE), and a silicone resin, BioPSA7-4602 (Bio-PSA). TTO and OA contents were fixed at 10% w/w and 3% w/w, respectively. The patches were prepared by a casting method and characterised in terms of T4OL content and skin permeability. All the selected polymers were suitable as the main component of the patch matrix. Since the main critical issue in the use of TTO is related to its toxicity after absorption, the local administration of TTO can take advantage of the use of patches based on EuE100 because of the high retained amount and the low permeation of T4OL. In this matrix, OA slightly increased the T4OL retained amount, improving the efficacy and safety of TTO patches.
Becoming Doctors: Examining Student Narratives to Understand the Process of Professional Identity Formation Within a Learning Community
Authors: Hatem David S , Halpin Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Background: Professional identity formation is a key aim of medical education, yet empiric data on how this forms are limited. Methods: Our study is a qualitative analysis of student reflections written during the final session of our Becoming a Physician curriculum. After reading their medical school admission essay and their class oath, students wrote about a “time, or times during your third year when you felt like a doctor.” The reflections were qualitatively analyzed by the evaluation team, looking for themes found in the reflections. Results: Narrative themes separated into 4 distinct categories, specifically that performing physician tasks can make one feel like a doctor, demonstrating caring is a fundamental task of doctors, integrating personal ideals with professional values promotes professional identity formation, and the theme of never feeling like a doctor. Subsets of these broad categories provide further insight into individual and integrative tasks. Patients, patient families, and students through their own reflection prompted learners to feel like doctors in 74% of narratives, whereas physicians or the care team did so in 26% of our narratives. Conclusion: Students are able to reflect on times during their principal clinical year where they feel like doctors, taking a step toward forming a professional identity. Having faculty prompt and support such reflection can help faculty understand the student experience of their principal clinical year and promote professional identity formation.
Genetics and mechanisms of NT5C2-driven chemotherapy resistance in relapsed ALL
Authors: Dieck Chelsea L. , Ferrando Adolfo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMutations in the cytosolic 5′ nucleotidase II (NT5C2) gene drive resistance to thiopurine chemotherapy in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Mechanistically, NT5C2 mutant proteins have increased nucleotidase activity as a result of altered activating and autoregulatory switch-off mechanisms. Leukemias with NT5C2 mutations are chemoresistant to 6-mercaptopurine yet show impaired proliferation and self-renewal. Direct targeting of NT5C2 or inhibition of compensatory pathways active in NT5C2 mutant cells may antagonize the emergence of NT5C2 mutant clones driving resistance and relapse in ALL.
Radiographic and HRCT imaging findings of chronic pulmonary schistosomiasis: review of 10 consecutive cases
Authors: Foti Giovanni , Gobbi Federico , Angheben Andrea , Faccioli Niccolò , Cicciò Carmelo , Carbognin Giovanni , Buonfrate Dora 
Published: March 2019

Objective:To describe the chest radiography (CR) and the high resolution CT (HRCT) imaging findings of chronic pulmonary schistosomiasis (CPS)Methods and materials:This retrospective study included 10 patients suffering from CPS, studied between September 2013 and October 2016 by using CR and HRCT. Images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists in consensus, blinded to clinical data. A p value < 0.05 was considered significantResults:All the patients enrolled showed some abnormalities at HRCT, including lung consolidations, solid nodules, nodules with peri-nodular halo, ground-glass opacities, enlarged hilar lymph-nodes. Only seven patients showed findings at CR ( p = 0.001). At CT, none of the patients had significant pleural, vascular (pulmonary arteries) or cardiac findings. Post-therapy studies (mean interval 35 days) demonstrated the absence of residual disease in all patients.Conclusion:The imaging findings of CPS varied widely in our study population. HRCT may show signs which are occult on plain radiograph. All lesions disappeared after appropriate therapy at imaging follow-up studie.
Influenza virus infection of well-differentiated human airway epithelial cells by infectious aerosols: insights into the earliest stages of infection
Authors: Smith Claire M. , Do Hyang Lee Dani , Kulkarni Hemant , Radhakrishnan Priya , Hirst Robert , Easton Andrew , O'Callaghan Chris 
Published: March 2019

Background: Influenza virus is a major human pathogen, yet surprisingly little data is available on the earliest stage of infection. We have developed a novel method to study natural transmission influenza infection by aerosol and to observe the effects of early infection on the ciliated airway epithelium using high-speed video microscopy. Methods: Primary human ciliated epithelial cultures were infected with influenza A (H1N1), delivered either by aerosol or by liquid immersion. Cells were stained for viral antigens and the level of inflammatory mediators, and the number of motile ciliated cells and ciliary beat frequency and pattern was measured. Results: Infection by aerosol and liquid inoculums of influenza virus was shown to be trophic for ciliated cells. Infection by both methods also led to a significant decrease in the number of cells with motile cilia over the first 24 hours; however, the ciliary beat frequency and beat pattern of the remaining cilia was maintained over 24 hours. Conclusions: Influenza virus aerosols readily infect human ciliated nasal epithelial cells resulting in early loss of motile ciliated cells. Delivery of the virus by aerosol elicited an anti-inflammatory Th2 response, which was distinct from cells exposed to virus by liquid immersion delivery. This suggests our aerosol model may provide a more clinically relevant model for studying the early effects of influenza infection.
Extracellular Vesicles Long RNA Sequencing Reveals Abundant mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA in Human Blood as Potential Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Li Yuchen , Zhao Jingjing , Yu Shulin , Wang Zhen , He Xigan , Su Yonghui , Guo Tianan , Sheng Haoyue , Chen Jie , Zheng Qiupeng , Li Yan , Guo Weijie , Cai Xiaohong , Shi Guohai , Wu Jiong , Wang Lu , Wang Peng , He Xianghuo , Huang Shenglin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a rich cargo of different RNA species with specialized functions and clinical applications. However, the landscape and characteristics of extracellular vesicle long RNA (exLR) in human blood remain largely unknown.

METHODS
We presented an optimized strategy for exLR sequencing (exLR-seq) of human plasma. The sample cohort included 159 healthy individuals, 150 patients with cancer (5 cancer types), and 43 patients with other diseases. Bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze the distribution and features of exLRs. Support vector machine algorithm was performed to construct the diagnosis classifier, and diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by ROC analysis.

RESULTS
More than 10000 exLRs, including mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA, were reliably detected in each exLR-seq sample from 1–2 mL of plasma. We observed that blood EVs contain a substantial fraction of intact mRNAs and a large number of assembling spliced junctions; circRNA was also enriched in blood EVs. Interestingly, blood exLRs reflected their tissue origins and the relative fractions of different immune cell types. Additionally, the exLR profile could distinguish patients with cancer from healthy individuals. We further showed that 8 exLRs can serve as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis with high diagnostic efficiency in training [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9527; 95% CI, 0.9170–0.9883], validation cohort (AUC = 0.9825; 95% CI, 0.9606–1), and testing cohort (AUC = 0.9627; 95% CI, 0.9263–0.9991).

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this study revealed abundant exLRs in human plasma and identified diverse specific markers potentially useful for cancer diagnosis.
PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE VE İŞ TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: GAZİANTEP ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ’NDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AĞAR Mustafa , YILDIRIM İbrahim 
Published: March 2019

Tekstil sektörü
içinde yer alan halı imalatı yapan fabrikalar, ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir yer
tutmaktadır. Rekabetin gittikçe arttığı günümüzde memnuniyet düzeyi yüksek
müşterilere sahip olan bir işletme, rekabet avantajı elde etmekte ve
kârlılığını artırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte iç müşteri olarak adlandırılan
çalışanların, psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ve iş tatmin durumları işletmenin
hedeflerini gerçekleştirme konusunda etkili olan hususlardandır. Araştırmanın amacı,
Gaziantep İkinci Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren halı
fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerini belirlemek ve iş
tatmin durumlarını tespit etmektir. Öte yandan çalışanların psikolojik sermaye
düzeylerini oluşturan boyutlarla, iş tatminini oluşturan boyutlar arasında bir
ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya konulması gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın diğer bir
amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda halı
fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin ve iş tatmin
düzeylerinin “yüksek” bir seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan
korelasyon analiz sonucunda ise, halı fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik
sermaye düzeyleriyle iş tatmin durumlarını açıklayan boyutlar arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Should individuals migrate before acquiring education or after? A new model of Brain Waste vs. Brain Drain
Authors: Brezis Elise S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Should individuals migrate before acquiring education or after? In order to analyze the optimality of the timing of migration, I develop a model of migration, which combines the two migration decisions into a unique model – the decisions about where to get an education and about where to work. The main reason for having a unified model is that investment in human capital cannot be disjoined from the decision about work. This paper shows that brain drain is usually an optimal solution. But, when we incorporate “brain waste” and “return migration”, then it is optimal to migrate when young.
Developing viscoelastic contact models and selecting suitable creep function for spherical biological cells
Authors: Korayem Moharram Habibnejad , Sooha Yousef Habibi , Rastgear Zahra 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In most contact theories, the most popular of which are the three models of Hertz, Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov (DMT) and Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR), biological cells were considered as an elastic material which is not a proper assumption. The elastic assumption in the case of biological cells could lead to neglecting the loading history as a result of which the stresses and strains applied to the material would not be studied accurately. In this paper, developing the three mentioned elastic models into viscoelastic models, simulating and comparing them with empirical data obtained through the indentation test of the MCF-7 cancer cell showed that the viscoelastic state presents a better prediction of biological cell behavior compared to that of an elastic state. The selection of the suitable creep function for objects in contact is another issue that has a significant importance in the viscoelastic case and this was investigated. Different mechanical models of a cell were studied and simulated for all three named theories among which the creep function obtained from the Kelvin model, a parallel combination of spring-damper, simplified the simulation and gave more precise results for modeling due to the fact that the obtained results from this model are closer to experimental ones and simpler than other models. On the other hand, for a more exact prediction of cell behavior, this model was modified by an equivalent elasticity module which considered cell components instead of the cell cortex only. The results of the simulation confirmed that a new elasticity module can improve the accuracy of cell models. After choosing the suitable mechanical model for the cell, we scrutinized the capability of the developed theories in predicting the results for biological liquid environments. Although the results of the Hertz and DMT viscoelastic models are closer to experimental ones in comparison with viscoelastic JKR, neglecting adhesion makes their prediction in biological liquid environments weak and erroneous. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed viscoelastic model of JKR is more accurate and has a better performance in different environments than the other mentioned models.
Binding motifs of cisplatin interaction with simple biomolecules and aminoacid targets probed by IR ion spectroscopy
Authors: Corinti Davide , Paciotti Roberto , Re Nazzareno , Coletti Cecilia , Chiavarino Barbara , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Fornarini Simonetta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The primary intermediates resulting from the interaction of cisplatin, cis-(PtCl2(NH3)2], most widespread antitumor drug, with biomolecular targets are characterized. Electrospray ionization is used to deliver ions formed in solution into the gas phase where they are structurally interrogated by vibrational “action” spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The aquation products, cis-[PtX(NH3)2(H2O)]+ (X = Cl, OH), lying along the path responsible for biological activity, are shown to display distinctive features responding to ligation pattern and optimized geometry. The IR spectra of trans-[PtX(NH3)2(H2O)]+ are different, testifying that cis and trans complexes are stable, non interconverting species both in solution and in the gas phase. Ligand substitution by simple nucleophiles (L = pyridine, 4(5)-methylimidazole, thioanisole, trimethylphosphate, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, urea and thiourea) yields cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(L)]+ complexes displaying remarkable regioselectivity whenever L presents multiple candidate platination sites. The incipient formation of cisplatin-derived complexes with the recognized biological amino acid targets L-histidine (His) and L-methionine (Met) has been investigated revealing the primary platination event to be mainly directed at the Nπ atom of the imidazole side chain of His and to the thiomethyl sulfur of Met. The isomer and conformer population of the ensuing cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(Met/His)]+ complexes, sampled in the gas phase, can be ascertained by photofragmentation kinetics on isomer/conformer specific resonances.
Training Demands and Physiological Profile of Cross-Disciplined Collegiate Female Dancers
Authors: Sanders David J. , Walker Alan J. , Prior Kevin E. , Poyssick Anthony N. , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sanders, DJ, Walker, AJ, Prior, KE, Poyssick, AN, and Arent, SM. Training demands and physiological profile of cross-disciplined collegiate female dancers. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2316–2320, 2021—Little is known about the physical demands of high-level dance training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of a typical ballet and modern class through training load (TL) and to assess differences in TL between the 2 class types. In addition, a physiological profile of cross-disciplined collegiate female dancers was determined. Seventeen college-aged female dancers were recruited and performed a battery of performance tests assessing body fat (%BF), lean body mass, vertical jump (VJ), peak power, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max), and ventilatory threshold (VT). Two ballet and modern dance classes were monitored for TL and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) using the Polar Team2 Pro System. Performance testing results were as follows: M%BF = 24.1 ± 4.2%, MLBM = 46.8 ± 8.5 kg, MV̇o2max = 42.9 ± 4.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, MVT = 76.2 ± 6.5% of V̇o
2max, MVJ = 44.1 ± 1.4 cm, and MPP = 519.1 ± 177.5 W. Training load of 41.0 ± 17.0 for ballet and 44.8 ± 27.4 for modern dance was found, with an EEE of 394.0 ± 111.9 and 421.9 ± 161.4 kcal, respectively. Time spent at or above VT was 1.2 ± 2.6 minutes in ballet and 3.4 ± 8.3 minutes in modern. Compared with other female power-endurance athletes, the dancers accumulated a much lower TL during both class types. Low TL may inhibit typical adaptations seen in other athletes, which may explain why dancers in this study had lower aerobic and anaerobic capacities and higher body fat percentage than other collegiate female athletes. Also, it suggests that supplemental conditioning could be incorporated into a dancers training paradigm to optimize performance.