bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
9.1: Invited Paper: Shape discrimination ability and disability glare in orthokeratology children
Authors: Jiang Jun , Su Binbin , Zhou Lin , Zhang Bin , Fan Lv 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: A commonly reported complaint in orthokeratology treatment is the disturbing glare whose mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we measured the changes in shape discrimination ability, with and without the presence of transient disability glare, during the first month in children who underwent orthokeratology treatment.Method: Forty‐nine eyes from 49 children (age: 11.49±2.02 years) with mean spherical equivalent refractive error ‐3.23±1.09D were included into this prospective study. Radial frequency (RF) patterns were used as the visual stimuli. Shape discrimination thresholds (SDT), with and without glare, were measured using a 2‐down‐1‐up staircase procedure. SDTglare was defined as the difference between the SDTs with and without the presence of glare. Measurements were done at baseline with frame spectacles, and days 7 and 30 of after treatment with naked eyes.Result: No statistically significant differences were observed between the SDTs without glare obtained at baseline and 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology lens wear (P > 0.05). With transient glare, SDTs in all subjects were significantly higher than SDTs without glare (P < 0.05). SDTs with glare on day 7 and day 30 were significantly lower than baseline (P < 0.05). Compared with baseline, SDTglare significantly decreased at 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology lens wear (P < 0.05).Conclusion: While SDT without glare was stable following orthokeratology treatment, SDT with glare decreased during the first month of treatment. This short‐term reduction in SDT may be the combined effect of spectacle removal, subtle changes in cornea optical quality, and the neural adaptation.
21.1: Invited Paper: Optical Radiation Safety Analysis for Laser Used as Illumination Products
Authors: Feixia Wang , Xiaohua Li , Yan Tu 
Published: October 2019

Illumination products using laser source have plenty of advantages, such as high conversion efficiency, more brightness, wide color gamut, long life and so on. However, due to the high energy density of laser, the optical radiation safety of laser used as illumination products should be studied and analyzed.First of all, the characteristics, advantages of laser used as illumination products are introduced. Then the international and national organizations, such as IEC/TC 76, IEC/TC 108, SAC/TC 284, are surveyed. In addition, standards and the corresponding relations related to laser used as illumination products are reviewed, especially for safety of laser products (IEC 60825) series standards, photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62741) series standards, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment ‐ Part 1: Safety requirements (IEC 62368‐1:2018), as well as ICNIRP guidelines. Finally, optical radiation safety of some specific illumination products using lasers are discussed.
28.1: Invited Paper: What’s the Focus of Debate in IEC Standardization for the Measurement of Laser Projection Displays?
Authors: Mou Tongsheng , Bo Qiao 
Published: October 2019

The projection displays which use lasers or laser hybrids as light sources have been widely applied in offices, homes, and theaters. The optical performance has been more enhanced recently with the development of the technologies, especially in light enhancement, color reproduction, luminance contrast, and dynamic range. The characterization and measurement for these projection displays become very important.The full‐frame projection technologies such as digital micromirror devices (DMDs), liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), and liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors are typically concerned in the international standardization. The image quality of the projection system in graphics and video reproduction has been discussed in IEC WG10 “Working group of Laser Displays.“ In recent years, the IS (international standard)‐ IEC62906‐5‐1 Laser display and devices Part 5‐1 Measurement of Optical Performance for Laser Front Projection has been developed and reached the CDV stage. However, at this stage, there are some discussions among the expert’s group on the issues of the optical measurement method. The main issues are the two topics related to the CLO (Color Light Output) and CGV (Color Gamut Volume). There are two opposing views within the working group which is a very challenging topic. According to IEC/ISO rule, the consensus is difficult to be achieved for more 2/3 favor support and less 1/4 against.In the traditional projectors, due to the graphic display is mainly used for black and white usage in the office application, the luminous flux output of the full white field was used as the primary indicator in the specification of the standard product. The light output is directly dependent on the power of the projection source. Therefore, a white light enhancement method is employed in some projection display technologies, and in such cases, the brightness of a color display is often lacking. However, this is no longer the general case. Manufacturer use different ways to boost the white lumen value for the full white screen, but the saturated colors do not get the same boost in brightness. The lumen ratio between the full white and the colors is no longer maintained. In the new standard we recommend using a regional grid pattern to test the projector's light output, including white light output and color light output.Set of four colour tile test patterns used for projector characterizationfigureMoreover, the argue for color volume method is the derivative from the CLO/WLO issue. The main point is the argument between the applicability of CGV method (CIELAB usage) in HDR/SDR conditions. In this paper, we reviewed some of the most important aspects to provide a basic understanding the current development of laser projection display measurement in IEC standardization.Example of range in colors produced by a given display as represented by the CIELAB color spacefigure
30.1: Invited Paper: Novel Emissive Projection Screen for Advanced Display Applications
Authors: Sun Ted 
Published: October 2019

A novel emissive projection display (EPD) was recently developed in Sun Innovations. It comprises of a fully transparent emissive screen made from a set of fluorescent nano‐materials, and a dark light digital image projector. The haze‐free emissive screen can be applied to any glass windows or windshield, without affecting visible light transmission. The digital “excitation” projector can be built on either a DLP (digital light processor) or a laser scanner display engine.This display combines the best of both world from conventional projection and emissive display technologies. Like projection display, the screen has no pixel structure and can be manufactured roll‐to‐roll; the display is scalable. Like plasma or CRT, the display is emissive with superior image quality and large viewing angles. It enables a fully transparent display on windows or windshields. The transparent emissive coating can also be applied to a pitch‐black substrate, for an innovative front projection display on black screen, with superior image contrast at low projection power.In this article, a full‐color EPD will be presented, with a color Gamut approaching 100% of HDTV color standard (Rec.709). This fundamentally new display platform can enable multiple major commercial applications, including a fully‐transparent emissive display on the glass window of vehicles and buildings with unlimited viewing angles. It also projects a high‐contrast emissive display on a pitch‐black emissive screen in ambient light, with similar image quality as OLED.
39.4: Invited Paper: VR/AR applications and innovations in medical diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Wang Lijun 
Published: October 2019

The main applications and innovations in medical diagnosis and treatment for virtual reality(VR), Augmented Reality(AR) and Artifical Intelligence(Ai) technologies are reviewed. Especially, the revolutional effects in medical and healthcare system by combination of VR, AR and Ai are discussed and pridicted.Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality market has a potential to reach 151 Billion USD with a paramount CAGR of 70.4% by 2022 (Source: Markets and Markets). It is true that the AR and V R technologies have driven the gaming and entertainment industry, but it also has a very good potential to transform the healthcare industry since it actually can change a lot of traditional healthcare operations and branches in a number of ways, including radiology, oncology, training, and more.
53.2: Invited Paper: Current IEC Standardization on Evaluating Image Resolution in VR/AR Displays
Authors: Mou Tongsheng , Mou Xi 
Published: October 2019

VR/AR eyewear displays are truly here in 2018, but the challenge remains. One of the potential benefits of VR/AR applications is the immersive experience with the virtual world that can suspend disbelief. However, the drawback is that the technology still needs improvement. Currently, most commercially available VR displays may only output 10‐20 ppd (pixel per degree) in angular resolution due to the limitation of the microdisplays. However, our human eye can dissolve the image details up over 60 ppd. Thus, the lack in image resolution can easily lose its capability of fooling the user. In order to improve the design such as the microdisplay panel or imaging optics, we need to evaluate the characteristics of the virtual images in the visual aspect. In conventional display measurement, pixel angular resolution is applied, but the pixel number is only a physical definition. Additionally, for a small pixel structure, it may have high spot luminance and low average image luminance which would cause an uncomfortable stimulus to the user.Therefore, what is a better way to define image resolution in VR/AR displays? In this work, we reviewed the current methods proposed in IEC TC110 on image quality. Then, some of the key factors that involve the image resolution measurement would be presented. We first reviewed the fundamental aspects of visual‐spatial perception and the mechanism of the human eye, and then we explained why such display limits the image quality of VR/AR display systems. In addition, we presented other measurement parameters including the newly proposed term ‐ pixel angular density, MTF (modulation transfer function) as well as the virtual image quality in static and moving picture conditions. These parameters were addressed in this work from introducing the definition to how and why they are necessary to test. An example of measurement in static picture resolution is shown in Figure1. The contrast modulation measurement is performed to determine static picture resolution. The test patterns and the calculation formula are critical in the measurement. The goal of this work is to provide some essential and fundamental guidelines to manufactures and engineers in the image resolution measurement of VR/AR systems.An example of contrast modulation measurementfigure
P‐2.1: Effects of vergence parameters on asthenopia of patients with convergence insufficiency
Authors: zheng Fuhao , Wang Yuwen , Chen Hao 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: patients with convergence insufficiency always have asthenopia during near work., but we found the signs and the symptoms did not match in part of patients. In this study, we want to investigate the effect of vergence parameters on asthenopia of patients with convergence insufficiency, and find some parameters to reflect the level of asthenopia.Method: We recruited 58 patients with convergence insufficiency from Eye Hospital in Wenzhou Medical University (34 Males, 24 Female, Age 22.67±9.33 years) randomly, excluding strabismus, eye disease, trauma, anisometropia and dysfunction of accommodation. Patients were divided into three groups according to the values of symptom questionnaires using CISS, 20 patients in severe group, 19 in moderate group, and 19 in mild group, respectively. We analyzed the near phoria (PD/PN), near blur point (PB), the relationship between recover point ( PR) and level of asthenopia. We used the Sheard's rule: PSheard=2/3*PN‐1/3PB, and the difference value between phoria and recovery point: PR‐N=PR‐PN (PD/PN was exophoria using positive value). PSheard>0 means it was not match the Sheard's rule. PR‐N<0 means recover point is smaller than phoria.Result: PN in sever group, moderate group and mild group was −9.50Δ±4.06Δ, −4.95Δ± 3.14Δ, −13.63Δ± 5.39Δ, respectively, the difference between each two groups are significant(F=19.46, P=<0.001). PSheard in sever group, moderate group and mild group was 1.90 Δ ± 3.02 Δ, −2.07 Δ ± 3.00 Δ, 3.42 Δ ± 3.06 Δ, respectively. There are statistically significant difference between moderate group and mild group, and between moderate group and severe group (P<0.05). In moderate group, PSheard <0, means it matched the Sheard's rule. The other two groups could not match the Sheard's rule. PR‐N in sever, moderate, mild group was (−5.85Δ±3.24Δ; 95%CI: −7.37Δ, −4.33Δ), (0.63Δ±4.62Δ; 95%CI: −1.59Δ, 2.86Δ), (−11.63Δ±6.53Δ; 95%CI: −14.78Δ, −8.49Δ), respectively. There were statistically significant difference between each two groups(F=29.13, P<0.001).Conclusions: The relationship between phoria and recover point will influence the grade of asthenopia of CI patients. Asthenopia may appear when the value of recover point is close to phoria, if PR‐N is smaller than 2.86Δ (95%CI of moderate group). And intermittent suppression may appear at near tasks to alleviate symptoms, while PR‐N is smaller than ‐8.49Δ (95%CI of mild lever group).
P‐6.1: Review of Mask Haze in TFT Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Cheng Yu , Gao Yan Nan 
Published: October 2019

Mask plays major role in the photolithography process during whole TFT manufacturing. The photolithography process transfers the desired pattern on mask into panel substrate, which forms some portions of device and performs some electric or optical functions. Due to pattern continuously duplicated, a correct pattern shape of mask is very important in the photolithography process. An abnormal pattern will results in huge loss of yield and cost.The haze, a foreign matter grown or deposited on the surface of mask, is already a prevalent phenomenon in TFT photolithography manufacturing or well known in semiconductor manufacturing. It is already well identified that it is highly related to the storage environment of mask, that is, the so called AMC (Airborne Molecular Contamination).A summarized mask haze classification based on past industrial service experience is proposed and a case study result with haze sampling at the site of mask manufacturer is followed in this review to show the understanding of the recently state of the art about mask haze in TFT industry.
P‐8.6: Research on Multifunctional Integrated Diffusion Plate in Backlight System
Authors: Ji Honglei , Guo Junqiu , Huang Haitao , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Pei 
Published: October 2019

As one of key components of LCD device, backlight module can provide homogenized and high‐brightness light source for LCD panel. Generally, optical material in conventional straight down type backlight module include one diffusion plate and several functional optical films to further increase the homogenization of light source and the brightness of LCD panel. However, such multi‐film structure greatly increases not only the assemble complexity but also the cost of LCD device. Thus, it is desirable to integrate the multiple functions of these optical films in backlight module on single optical plate.In this report, we design and prepare a new composite optical plate that combining the diffusion with brightness‐enhancement functions. Firstly, optical plate with three layers was prepared by a co‐extrusion method, the upper surface of first layer was imprinted with prisms to enhance the brightness, and the third layer was added light diffusion particles to homogenize the light. In order to further increase the brightness‐enhance effect, another brightness enhance film was then bonded on the surface of the first layer of the optical plate.Obviously, the application of this multi‐functional composite optical plate will greatly reduce assembly complexity of LCD panel, improve the assembly efficiency and save the equipment investment and labour force, which finally reduces the cost of the whole backlight module. Therefore, the prepared composite optical plate meets the requirement of automatic manufacturing engineering and low cost of the backlight module industry, and has broad application prospects.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Engineered PEGylated MoO3−x Nanoparticles with Superior Sulfite Oxidase Mimetic Activity for Vitamin B1 Detection
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Tongming , Wu Xiaoju , Yang Guowei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSulfite oxidase (SuOx) is a molybdenum‐dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate to maintain the intracellular levels of sulfite at an appropriate low level. The deficiency of SuOx would cause severe neurological damage and infant diseases, which makes SuOx of tremendous biomedical importance. Herein, a SuOx mimic nanozyme of PEGylated (polyethylene glycol)‐MoO3−x nanoparticles (P‐MoO3−x NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies created by vacancy‐engineering is reported. Their level of SuOx‐like activity is 12 times higher than that of bulk‐MoO3. It is also established that the superior increased enzyme mimetic activity is due to the introduction of the oxygen vacancies acting as catalytic hotspots, which allows better sulfite capture ability. It is found that vitamin B1 (VB1) inhibits the SuOx mimic activity of P‐MoO3−x NPs through the irreversible cleavage by sulfite and the electrostatic interaction with P‐MoO3−x NPs. A colorimetric platform is developed for the detection of VB1 with high sensitivity (the low detection limit is 0.46 µg mL−1) and good selectivity. These findings pave the way for further investigating the nanozyme which possess intrinsic SuOx mimicing activity and is thus a promising candidate for biomedical detection.
Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Confined in MXene Paper as a Flexible, Freestanding, and Binder‐Free Anode for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Chuanliang , Fei Huifang , Tian Yuan , An Yongling , Zeng Guifang , Feng Jinkui , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExploring flexible lithium‐ion batteries is required with the ever‐increasing demand for wearable and portable electronic devices. Selecting a flexible conductive substrate accompanying with closely coupled active materials is the key point. Here, a lightweight, flexible, and freestanding MXene/liquid metal paper is fabricated by confining 3 °C GaInSnZn liquid metal in the matrix of MXene paper without any binder or conductive additive. When used as anode for lithium‐ion cells, it can deliver a high discharge capacity of 638.79 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. It also exhibits satisfactory rate capacities, with discharge capacities of 507.42, 483.33, 480.22, 452.30, and 404.47 mAh g−1 at 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mA g−1, respectively. The cycling performance is obviously improved by slightly reducing the charge–discharge voltage range. The composite paper also has better electrochemical performance than liquid metal coated Cu foil. This study proposes a novel flexible anode by a clever combination of MXene paper and low‐melting point liquid metal, paving the way for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Recent Progress and Development in Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Liang Junhui , Chen Da , Yao Xin , Zhang Kaixiang , Qu Fengli , Qin Laishun , Huang Yuexiang , Li Jinghong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (IHPQDs) have recently emerged as a new class of optoelectronic nanomaterials that can outperform the existing hybrid organometallic halide perovskite (OHP), II–VI and III–V groups semiconductor nanocrystals, mainly due to their relatively high stability, excellent photophysical properties, and promising applications in wide‐ranging and diverse fields. In particular, IHPQDs have attracted much recent attention in the field of photoelectrochemistry, with the potential to harness their superb optical and charge transport properties as well as spectacular characteristics of quantum confinement effect for opening up new opportunities in next‐generation photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. Over the past few years, numerous efforts have been made to design and prepare IHPQD‐based materials for a wide range of applications in photoelectrochemistry, ranging from photocatalytic degradation, photocatalytic CO2 reduction and PEC sensing, to photovoltaic devices. In this review, the recent advances in the development of IHPQD‐based materials are summarized from the standpoint of photoelectrochemistry. The prospects and further developments of IHPQDs in this exciting field are also discussed.
Single‐Cell Biodetection by Upconverting Microspinners
Authors: Ortiz‐Rivero Elisa , Prorok Katarzyna , Skowickł Michal , Lu Dasheng , Bednarkiewicz Artur , Jaque Daniel , Haro‐González Patricia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared‐light‐mediated optical tweezing of individual upconverting particles has enabled all‐optical single‐cell studies, such as intracellular thermal sensing and minimally invasive cytoplasm investigations. Furthermore, the intrinsic optical birefringence of upconverting particles renders them light‐driven luminescent spinners with a yet unexplored potential in biomedicine. In this work, the use of upconverting spinners is showcased for the accurate and specific detection of single‐cell and single‐bacteria attachment events, through real‐time monitoring of the spinners rotation velocity of the spinner. The physical mechanisms linking single‐attachment to the angular deceleration of upconverting spinners are discussed in detail. Concomitantly, the upconversion emission generated by the spinner is harnessed for simultaneous thermal sensing and thermal control during the attachment event. Results here included demonstrate the potential of upconverting particles for the development of fast, high‐sensitivity, and cost‐effective systems for single‐cell biodetection.
Barcoding Amino Acids for Mutation Screening in Amyloid Beta Peptides
Authors: Hoang Phuong , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmino acid (AA) substitutions are directly correlated with specific pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, making their rapid screening and detection critical to treatment and scientific study. A proof‐of‐concept implementation of the label‐free and noninvasive Raman spectroscopy technique for the detection of AA substitutions in primary peptide fragments is demonstrated. By encoding the Raman “fingerprint” of individual AAs into binary formats called optical identification tags (OITs), a library of identifiers is created, which can then be used for detecting mutations. When the recorded Raman signal is enhanced by using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate, the mutation screening strategy can detect a single point missense mutation in an 11‐AA peptide fragment of amyloid beta Aβ(25–35) and a frameshift mutation in a 42‐AA fragment Aβ(1–42) down to picomolar concentrations. The combination of high sensitivity and simple operation makes the use of OITs a promising approach for high‐throughput automated screening.