bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health disorders and physical risk factors in children with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Whitney Daniel G , Warschausky Seth A , Peterson Mark D 
Published: October 2018

AimTo examine the prevalence of mental health disorders among children with and without cerebral palsy (CP), and to examine how physical risk factors in children with CP might mitigate any elevated risk of mental health disorders in this population.MethodChildren from 6 years to 17 years of age with (n=111) and without (n=29 909) CP from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health were included in this cross‐sectional study. Mental health disorders included depression, anxiety, behavior/conduct problems, and attention deficit disorder/attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Physical risk factors included physical activity (number of active days ≥60min), sleep duration, and pain.ResultsAdjusting for sociodemographics, children with CP had higher odds of mental health disorders (odds ratio [OR]=2.7–7.1, p<0.05) except for attention deficit disorder/ADHD (OR=2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.9–7.1). Further adjusting for physical factors, the odds of depression were no longer increased (i.e. attenuated) in children with CP (OR=1.0; 95% CI=0.3–3.3); however, the odds of anxiety (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.9–7.8) and behavior/conduct problems (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.3–11.1) remained elevated. Assessed individually, low physical activity and pain attenuated the odds of depression in children with CP (OR=1.9; 95% CI=0.7–5.3; OR=1.4; 95% CI=0.6–3.8 respectively).InterpretationChildren with CP have an elevated prevalence of mental health disorders even after accounting for physical risk factors. Low physical activity and pain partially accounts for the association between CP and depression.What this paper adds

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have an elevated risk of developing mental health disorders.

Physical factors do not fully account for higher mental health disorder prevalence.

Physical activity partially accounts for the relationship between CP and depression.

Pain partially accounts for the relationship between CP and depression.
Caudal regression syndrome in a fetus of a glucokinase‐maturity‐onset diabetes of the young pregnancy
Authors: Taylor R. A. M. , Mackie A. , Mogra R. , Pinner J. , Rajendran S. , Ross G. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlucokinase‐maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (GCK‐MODY) is a form of diabetes caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the GCK gene. Affected individuals maintain their fasting glucose levels at a higher set point (5.4–8.3 mmol/l) than the general population. Hyperglycaemia in women with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes is known to confer increased risk of fetal congenital abnormalities. The association between GCK‐MODY and congenital abnormalities, however, remains uncertain.Case reportA 35‐year‐old woman in her third pregnancy was diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 13 weeks’ gestation (fasting blood glucose 6.0 mmol/L, 1‐h blood glucose 9.2 mmol/l, 2‐h blood glucose 7.3 mmol/l). The morphology scan at 19+2 weeks’ gestation showed a Type III sacral agenesis. The woman elected to terminate the pregnancy. Her postpartum oral glucose tolerance test was suggestive of GCK‐MODY (fasting blood glucose 7.4 mmol/l, 1‐h blood glucose 9.3 mmol/l, 2‐h blood glucose 7.3 mmol/l). Mutation analysis of the GCK gene identified a novel heterozygous GCK missense mutation, p.V199M, classified as likely pathogenic, providing molecular confirmation of the suspected GCK‐MODY diagnosis.DiscussionSacral agenesis is a rare form of sacral abnormality affecting 0.005% to 0.1% of pregnancies. It is a subtype of the caudal regression sequence, a cardinal feature of diabetic embryopathy. This case raises the question as to whether hyperglycaemia in GCK‐MODY may increase the risk of fetal caudal regression syndrome as reported in women with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus. Improved diagnostic rates of GCK‐MODY, and MODY registers that include pregnancy outcomes, are important to further elucidate risk of congenital abnormalities in GCK‐MODY.
Spatial synchrony in Drosophila suzukii population dynamics along elevational gradients
Authors: Santoiemma Giacomo , Fioretto Damiano , Corcos Daria , Mori Nicola , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: October 2018

1. Spotted wing drosophila (SWD; Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931) is a polyphagous invasive crop pest native of Southeast Asia able to attack a wide array of host plant species in both cultivated and natural habitats. SWD is now widespread in several mountain regions, but it is still unclear how the species moves to different elevations across the seasons, and how this depends on environmental conditions and food resources.2. The temporal dynamics of several SWD populations were studied along elevational gradients in the Alps using a synchrony analysis. Twelve transects were selected, covering an overall elevational gradient of 2100 m. SWD abundance was monitored every 2 weeks during the growing season (from June to November 2015) when cultivated and wild hosts are potentially susceptible (i.e. fruits are ripe).3. Spotted wing drosophila were widely distributed along all the tested elevations, revealing synchrony in population dynamics across ranges in elevation and geographic distance. Synchronised populations were observed at distances of up to 100 km at sites with similar temperatures. The high dispersal potential of the pest together with the seasonal variation in temperature are likely to be the dominant mechanisms causing the observed spatial synchrony. A factor that seemed to reduce synchrony is the large concentration of host plants (i.e. crop) in lowland agricultural landscapes.4. The spatial synchrony in pest abundance at large spatial scale indicates that the risk of SWD outbreaks is highly dependent on drivers beyond the control of traditional field‐scale management. These findings could help in developing monitoring and predictive models of SWD population dynamics.
Pharmacological induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 by celastrol protects motoneurons from excitotoxicity in rat spinal cord in vitro
Authors: Petrović Antonela , Kaur Jaspreet , Tomljanović Ivana , Nistri Andrea , Mladinic Miranda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe secondary phase of spinal cord injury arising after the primary lesion largely extends the damage severity with delayed negative consequences for sensory‐motor pathways. It is, therefore, important to find out if enhancing intrinsic mechanisms of neuroprotection can spare motoneurons that are very vulnerable cells. This issue was investigated with an in vitro model of rat spinal cord excitotoxicity monitored for up to 24 hr after the primary injury evoked by kainate. This study sought to pharmacologically boost the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) to protect spinal motoneurons using celastrol to investigate if the rat spinal cord can upregulate HSP as neuroprotective mechanism. Despite its narrow range of drug safety in vitro, celastrol was not toxic to the rat spinal cord at 0.75 μM concentration and enhanced the expression of HSP70 by motoneurons. When celastrol was applied either before or after kainate, the number of dead motoneurons was significantly decreased and the nuclear localization of the cell death biomarker AIF strongly inhibited. Nevertheless, electrophysiological recording showed that protection of lumbar motor networks by celastrol was rather limited as reflex activity was impaired and fictive locomotion largely depressed, suggesting that functional deficit persisted, though the networks could express slow rhythmic oscillations. While our data do not exclude further recovery at later times beyond the experimental observations, the present results indicate that the upregulated expression of HSP in the aftermath of acute injury may be an interesting avenue for early protection of spinal motoneurons.
Mutations in the guanylate cyclasegcy‐28neuronally dissociate naïve attraction and memory retrieval
Authors: Li Naijin , van der Kooy Derek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe molecules and mechanisms that are involved in the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of memories in many organisms are unclear. To investigate these processes, we use the nematode wormCaenorhabditis elegans, which is attracted naïvely to the odorant benzaldehyde but learns to avoid it after paired exposure with starvation. Mutations in the receptor‐like guanylate cyclaseGCY‐28 have previously been thought to result in a behavioral switch in the primary chemosensory neuronAWCON, from an attractive state to an aversive (already‐learned) state. Here, we offer a different interpretation and show thatGCY‐28 functions in distinct neurons to modulate two independent processes: naïve attraction toAWCON‐sensed odors in theAWCONneuron, and associative learning of benzaldehyde and starvation in theAIAinterneurons. Consequently, mutants that lackgcy‐28do not approachAWCON‐sensed odors and cannot associate benzaldehyde with starvation. We further show that this learning deficit lies in memory retrieval, not in its acquisition or storage, and thatGCY‐28 is required inAIAfor sensory integration only when bothAWCneurons (ONandOFF) are activated by chemical stimuli. Our results reveal a novel role ofGCY‐28 in the retrieval of associative memories and may have wide implications for the neural machineries of learning and memory in general.
Assessment of ventral tegmental area‐projecting GABAergic neurons from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in modulating binge‐like ethanol intake
Authors: Companion Michel A. , Thiele Todd E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) circuitry is a key component in plasticity underlying the transition to ethanol (EtOH) dependence. We have previously shown that chemogenetic silencing of CRF neurons stemming from the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST) and projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) significantly blunts binge‐like EtOH consumption. While CRF neurons in the BNST are thought to entail primarily a GABA phenotype, glutamatergic neurons within the BNST also innervate the VTA and influence consummatory behaviors. Here, we combined the well‐validated Vgat‐ires‐Cre transgenic mice with chemogenetic tools to extend our previous findings and corroborate the contribution of the VTA‐projecting dlBNST GABAergic circuitry in modulating binge‐like EtOH consumption using “drinking‐in‐the‐dark” procedures. Mice were given bilateral injection of Gi‐coupled chemogenetic viral vector (or control virus) into the dlBNST and bilateral cannulae into the VTA. On test day, clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO; or vehicle) was infused directly into the VTA to silence VTA‐projecting dlBNST neurons and subsequent binge‐like EtOH consumption was assessed. We then used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the co‐expression of CRF and viral vector. Our results showed that relative to vehicle treatment or CNO treatment in mice expressing the control virus, silencing VTA‐projecting dlBNST GABAergic neurons by CNO treatment in mice expressing Gi‐coupled chemogenetic virus significantly reduced binge‐like EtOH intake. This effect was not seen with sucrose consumption. Our IHC results confirm a population of CRF‐expressing GABAergic neurons within the dlBNST. This study directly establishes that VTA‐projecting GABAergic neurons of the dlBNST modulate binge‐like EtOH consumption.
The effects of agent hybridization on the efficacy of biological control of tansy ragwort at high elevations
Authors: Szűcs Marianna , Salerno Patricia E. , Teller Brittany J. , Schaffner Urs , Littlefield Jeffrey L. , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe success rate of weed biological control programs is difficult to evaluate and the factors affecting it remain poorly understood. One aspect which is still unclear is whether releases of multiple, genetically distinct populations of a biological control agent increase the likelihood of success, either by independent colonization of different environmental niches or by hybridization that may increase the agent's fitness and adaptive ability. Since hybridization is often invoked to explain the success of unintentionally introduced exotic species, hybridization among biocontrol agents may be similarly important in shaping the effectiveness of biological control programs. In this study, we first evaluated intraspecific hybridization among populations of a weed biological control agent, the ragwort flea beetle, Longitarsus jacobaeae. These insects were introduced as part of a classical biological control program from Italy and Switzerland. We genotyped 204 individuals from 15 field sites collected in northwest Montana, and an additional 52 individuals that served as references for Italian and Swiss populations. Bayesian analysis of population structure assigned seven populations as pure Swiss and one population as pure Italian, while intraspecific hybrid individuals were detected in seven populations at frequencies of 5%–69%. Subsequently, we conducted a 2‐year exclusion experiment using six sites with Swiss beetles and three with hybrid beetles to evaluate the impact of biological control. We found that biological control by Swiss beetles and by hybrid beetles is effective, increasing mortality of the target plant, Jacobaea vulgaris, by 42% and 45%, and reducing fecundity of surviving plants by 44% and 72%, respectively. Beetle densities were higher and mortality of larger plants was higher at sites with hybrids present. These results suggest that hybridization of ragwort flea beetles at high‐elevation sites may improve biological control of tansy ragwort and that intraspecific hybridization of agents could benefit biological control programs.
Painful Craniofacial/Cervical Surface Area and Continuous Headache After Military Concussion: A Morphometric Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Klaric John S. , Forbes Leila L. , Finkel Alan G. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveIn this retrospective study of active duty service members (ADSMs), possible relationships were examined between extent of headache pain depicted on head/neck diagrams and headache phenomenology.BackgroundThe signature injury of US military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Blast injury, especially from improvised explosive devices, was the most common cause during the height of the wars; the most persistent symptom remains posttraumatic headache (PTH). Neurologic patients were asked to draw pain diagrams/maps, a method of pain assessment in several clinical settings.MethodsThirty‐four ADSMs attributing PTH to both blast and non‐blast sources underwent clinical evaluations; diagnoses and headache characteristics were obtained. They completed 58 drawings depicting craniofacial/cervical headache pain on non‐standardized templates. Drawings were of 29 continuous and 29 non‐continuous headaches (CHA and NCHA, respectively). Surface area was calculated using a grid and expressed as a percentage.ResultsThe sample was male (100%), primarily white (83%), with an average age of 30.3 years. Evidence for statistical independence of observations is provided (intra‐class correlation = 0.004). Percent surface area was larger for CHA (median [mdn] = 35.2, interquartile range [IQR] = 9.0, 78.3) than NCHA (mdn = 9.1, IQR = 5.4, 34.1, P = .029). In those with blast injury, CHA percent surface areas (mdn = 45.9, IQR = 27.0, 100) were larger than NCHA (mdn = 11.6, IQR = 5.8, 28.9; P = .0012), a relationship not observed in patients with PTH from non‐blasts (CHA: mdn = 26.8, IQR = 8.5, 52.0; NCHA: mdn = 9.1, IQR = 5.0, 47.6, P = .050). This pattern is observed after pooling at the median (blast, P < .012; non‐blast: P = .264).ConclusionPainful craniofacial/cervical surface area, as shown on patient drawings, is related to PTH phenomenology (continuous versus non‐continuous headache). This relationship is stronger after blast injury.
Recent advances in orange oil extraction: an opportunity for the valorisation of orange peel waste a review
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Chu Yan‐Hwa , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryOrange is a citrus plant that belongs to Rutaceae family and is widely produced and processed around the world for the production of several products, including orange juice, which is associated with the production of relatively high‐volume of orange peel. This by‐product is sometimes discarded as a waste in the environment. The valorisation of food waste is the point of interest and orange peel, as a food waste, can be used as a source of value added essential oil. Recently, several advanced extraction techniques, including ultrasound, microwave, enzymatic and supercritical fluid extraction, have been proposed to valorise this by‐product. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages and there is no published review regarding this subject. This work aims to review the recent findings on the applicability, benefits and drawbacks of orange oil extraction methods for orange peel valorisation.
Efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once‐daily in Asian men with both lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction: A phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, parallel, placebo‐ and tamsulosin‐controlled study
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Li Hanzhong , Zhang Xiaodong , Dai Yutian , Park Hyun Jun , Jiann Bang‐Ping , Li Peng , Lou Ying , Ye Zhangqun , Viktrup Lars 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil in Asian men with both lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction.MethodsThe present phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, parallel, placebo‐ and tamsulosin‐controlled study was carried out at 40 study centers in the Asia–Pacific region (mainland China, Taiwan and Korea; NCT01937871). Participants were randomized to receive a placebo (n = 361), tadalafil 5 mg (n = 362) or tamsulosin 0.2 mg (n = 185) in a 2:2:1 ratio for 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 909 Asian men were randomized into three groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, a statistically significant improvement in least squares mean change from baseline in total International Prostate Symptom Score was observed in the tadalafil versus the placebo group (−5.49 vs −4.08, respectively; P < 0.001). A statistically significant improvement in the change from baseline for the International Index of Erectile Function‐Erectile Function domain score, was observed in tadalafil compared with the placebo at 12 weeks (5.24 vs 1.88, respectively; P < 0.001). A significant improvement was observed in the change from baseline in the percentage of “Yes” responses to Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 in the tadalafil versus placebo group at 12 weeks (23.87% vs 10.90%; P < 0.001 and 36.62% vs 15.96%; P < 0.001, respectively). Safety results were consistent with the known tadalafil safety profile.ConclusionsTadalafil is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of Asian men with both lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction.
Microstructure evolution and characteristic of Ti(C,N)‐based cermets prepared by in situ carbothermal reduction in TiO2
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Zheng Yong , Zhou Wei , Ke Zheng , Ding Weimin , Yu Lixin , Yan Yonglin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTi(C,N)‐based cermets were prepared by in situ carbothermal reduction in TiO2 and subsequent liquid phase sintering under vacuum. The prepared cermets were examined using XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX. During solid‐state sintering, fine TiC particles were formed through the carbothermal reduction in TiO2. A great number of (Ti,W,Mo)C complete solid solutions containing more W and Mo subsequently formed through the counter diffusion of the fine TiC and carbides. The majority of the coarse TiN particles in the raw powders remained undissolved. During liquid phase sintering, Ti‐based carbonitride complex solid solutions with less W or Mo precipitated on the coarse TiN particles and fine (Ti,W,Mo)C particles, resulting in black core/gray rim structures and white core/gray rim structures, respectively. Moreover, small amounts of Ti‐based carbonitride complex solid solutions precipitated directly from the liquid binder phase in some areas enriched in W and Mo during the cooling stage after sintering, resulting in coreless grains. Ultimately, after being sintered at 1400°C for 1 hour, the present cermets were characterized with white core/gray rim grains, black core/gray rim grains and a few gray grains. In addition, the interfaces between the black core/gray rim grains and binder phase were atomically smooth, exhibiting a orientation relationship with a perfect coherency state.
Living with support: Experiences of people with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Giesbers Sanne A. H. , Hendriks Lex , Jahoda Andrew , Hastings Richard P. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo enhance social inclusion of people with intellectual disability, policy is aimed at increasing informal support networks. Nevertheless, staff continue to play a vital role in their support networks.MethodSix individuals with mild intellectual disability, living in community‐based settings, were interviewed following a semi‐structured format. In‐depth accounts of participants’ support experiences were established using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: relationships with staff placed within a personal history, relationships with staff within an organisational context, and staff support and interviewees’ place in the world.ConclusionsRelationships with staff were often one of the closest and most significant social relationships participants had. As living in the community had not necessarily led to meaningful inclusion for participants, the findings point at the important role of staff in supporting and facilitating friendships and close relationships of people with intellectual disability.
Chronic periodontitis impairs polymorphonuclear leucocyte–endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans
Authors: Martinez‐Herrera Mayte , López‐Domènech Sandra , Silvestre Francisco Javier , Silvestre‐Rangil Javier , Bañuls Celia , Victor Victor M. , Rocha Milagros 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress parameters in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and PMN–endothelial cell interactions in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) according to different degrees of severity of the disease.Materials and methodsFor this cross‐sectional study, 182 subjects were divided into four groups according to degree of CP: without CP (n = 37), mild CP (n = 59), moderate CP (n = 51), and severe CP (n = 35). We determined anthropometric and biochemical variables, periodontal parameters, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters (superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential), and PMN–endothelium cell interactions (rolling flux, velocity, and adhesion).ResultsSystemic inflammatory markers—C‐reactive protein, leucocyte count, TNFα, and retinol‐binding protein 4—were altered in the group with CP. Total superoxide was augmented in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential did not change. Furthermore, PMNs adhesion and rolling flux were increased in subjects with CP.ConclusionIn a systemic proinflammatory environment, PMNs from patients with CP exhibit hyperactivity and produce higher amounts of superoxide. In parallel with this, an increase in PMNs rolling flux and cell adhesion to the endothelium suggests the presence of alterations of PMN–endothelium interactions in patients with CP that can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications.