bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurologist's approach to cerebral infarct and transient ischaemic attack in patients receiving anticoagulant treatment for non‐valvular atrial fibrillation: ANITA‐FA study
Authors: Zapata‐Wainberg G. , Masjuan J. , Quintas S. , Ximénez‐Carrillo Á. , García Pastor A. , Martínez Zabaleta M. , Cardona P. , Freijo Guerrero M. M. , Llull L. , Benavente Fernández L. , Castellanos Rodrigo M. , Egido J. , Serena J. , Vivancos J. ,   the researchers in the ANITA‐FA study
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) previously treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) according to the type of OAC prescribed. Also, to analyze the outcomes of the patients and the therapeutic approach adopted by the neurologist in the acute phase and for secondary prevention.MethodsWe performed a multicenter, observational study based on prospective registries. We included patients with AF treated with OACs admitted for AIS over a 1‐year period. Detailed clinical data and functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score) were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to their pre‐AIS anticoagulant therapy: vitamin K antagonists (AIS‐VKA) and direct‐acting OACs (AIS‐DOAC).ResultsWe recruited 1240 patients (80.4% AIS‐VKA and 19.6% AIS‐DOAC). In the AIS‐DOAC group, transient ischaemic attack was more frequent (18.1% vs. 10.8%; P = 0.001), symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation was less frequent (1.6% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.035) and hospital stay was shorter (median 6 vs. 7 days; P = 0.03). Intravenous thrombolysis was more commonly used in AIS‐VKA (9.2% vs. 1.6%; P < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups with respect to mechanical thrombectomy, mortality and modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months. At 3 months, 54% of patients required a DOAC as antithrombotic treatment for secondary prevention.ConclusionsPatients with AF treated with DOACs who experienced AIS more frequently had transient symptoms (transient ischaemic attack), less symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation and a shorter mean stay than those treated with VKAs. Most patients who had been previously anticoagulated with AIS received long‐term treatment with DOACs.
Acute and long‐term consequences of exposure to organophosphate nerve agents in humans
Authors: Figueiredo Taiza H. , Apland James P. , Braga Maria F. M. , Marini Ann M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryNerve agents are organophosphate (OP) compounds and among the most powerful poisons known to man. A terrorist attack on civilian or military populations causing mass casualties is a real threat. The OP nerve agents include soman, sarin, cyclosarin, tabun, and VX. The major mechanism of acute toxicity is the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition results in the accumulation of excessive acetylcholine levels in synapses, leading to progression of toxic signs including hypersecretions, tremors, status epilepticus, respiratory distress, and death. Miosis and rhinorrhea are the most common clinical findings in those individuals acutely exposed to OP nerve agents. Prolonged seizures are responsible for the neuropathology. The brain region that shows the most severe damage is the amygdala, followed by the piriform cortex, hippocampus, cortex, thalamus, and caudate/putamen. Current medical countermeasures are only modestly effective in attenuating the seizures and neuropathology. Anticonvulsants such as benzodiazepines decrease seizure activity and improve outcome, but their efficacy depends upon the administration time after exposure to the nerve agent. Administration of benzodiazepines may increase the risk for seizure recurrence. Recent studies document long‐term neurologic and behavior deficits, and technological advances demonstrate structural brain changes on magnetic resonance imaging.
The larval fishery onLimnothrissa miodonin the Congolese waters of Lake Tanganyika: Impact on exploitable biomass and the value of the fishery
Authors: Mulimbwa N'sibula , Sarvala Jouko , Micha Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeclining catches of freshwater clupeids in Lake Tanganyika have recently led to widespread illegal fishing on the clupeid larvae with mosquito nets. This paper examines whether this larval fishery could have a negative impact on the exploitable biomass of the clupeidLimnothrissa miodonBoulenger and whether the sale of clupeid larvae is actually causing economic losses for the male fishers. The beach seine fishery onL. miodonlarvae in the coastal zone ofDRCongo was surveyed during a cruise in May 2013 from the north to the south of Lake Tanganyika. Local women fishing with their own gear were interviewed, their catch sampled, and their fishing effort evaluated. Based on catch sampling, the annual yield of larval fishing at the 17 fishing sites surveyed was about 24.5 t, worth ofUS$1.5 per kg. If these fish, now harvested as larvae, were allowed to grow to the average size in the lift‐net catches, they would have annually produced 620 t of fish. Applying a price ofUS$3.5 per kg for adult fish, and subtracting the value of larvae sold, this indicates that the current income ofUS $36, 800from the larval fishery translated in to aUS$2.1 million loss for the lift‐net fishery, thus accentuating the problems facing the fishing community.
Biophysical connectivity of snapper spawning aggregations and marine protected area management alternatives in Cuba
Authors: Claro Rodolfo , Lindeman Kenyon C. , Kough Andrew S. , Paris Claire B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability of larvae to move beyond the spatial range of adult migrations can be critical to the resilience of populations that aggregate to spawn. We reviewed the literature and unpublished information on larval transport modeling, reef fish spawning aggregations, and marine protected area (MPA) management to identify alternatives for Cuban spawning site conservation. Larval transport information is available at annual and decadal scales for eight Cuban sites for five species of snappers. Connectivity patterns were examined: (a) within Cuban regions, (b) among Cuban regions, and (c) among other countries. We compared this information with the distribution of protected areas relative to spawning sites, site management attributes, and potential alternatives. Of eight focal spawning sites, seven are in protected areas and one is proposed. Southeast and north‐central Cuba had highest estimated within‐region retention levels. Southwest and northwest sites exported relatively more larvae out‐of‐region. Southern regions produced larvae that reached Jamaica, the Cayman Islands and Haiti. All northern regions can export larvae to the southern Bahamas. The regions and sites within are geomorphologically diverse with variable fishing and socio‐economic attributes. Information on stock status and protected area efficacy is limited and field assessments of aggregation status are needed for multispecies spawning sites. Few management plans address spawning conservation or network connectivity opportunities for MPAs. An alternative is development of one or more regional workgroups of protected area specialists, fishery scientists, expert fishers, and other stakeholders. Temporal closures of fisheries before and during spawning season could also amplify effectiveness of current gear‐ and zoning‐based management tools.
Sfh1, an essential component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex, maintains genome integrity in fission yeast
Authors: Kotomura Naoe , Tsunemine Satoru , Kuragano Masahiro , Asanuma Takahiro , Nakagawa Hiromi , Tanaka Katsunori , Murakami Yota 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAbp1 is a fission yeast CENP‐B homologue that contributes to centromere function, silencing at pericentromeric heterochromatin and silencing of retrotransposons. We identified the sfh1 gene, encoding a core subunit of the fission yeast chromatin remodeling complex RSC as an Abp1‐interacting protein. Because sfh1 is essential for growth, we isolated temperature‐sensitive sfh1 mutants. These mutants showed defects in centromere functions, reflected by sensitivity to an inhibitor of spindle formation and minichromosome instability. Sfh1 localized at both kinetochore and pericentromeric heterochromatin regions. Although sfh1 mutations had minor effect on silencing at these regions, they decreased the levels of cohesin on centromeric heterochromatin. Sfh1 also localized at a retrotransposon, Tf2, in a partly Abp1‐dependent manner, and assisted in silencing of Tf2 by Abp1 probably in the same pathway as a histone chaperon, HIRA, which is also known to involve in Tf2 repression. Furthermore, sfh1 mutants were sensitive to several DNA‐damaging treatments (HU, MMS, UV and X‐ray). Increase in spontaneous foci of Rad22, a recombination Mediator protein Rad52 homologue, in sfh1 mutant suggests that RSC functions in homologous recombination repair of double‐stranded break downstream of the Rad22 recruitment. These results indicate that RSC plays multiple roles in the maintenance of genome integrity.
Real‐time PCR for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis. The best tools available
Authors: Bénéjat Lucie , Ducournau Astrid , Lehours Philippe , Mégraud Francis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility, especially to macrolides, has become crucial for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Our aim was to evaluate two new PCR kits able to detect H. pylori in gastric biopsies as well as the mutations associated with macrolide resistance.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred successive biopsies (received from gastroenterologists all over France) were used. The two new kits tested were Amplidiag H. pylori+ClariR from Mobidiag Espoo, Finland, and RIDA®GENE H. pylori from R‐Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany. Culture and a validated in‐house real‐time PCR were also performed, and in the case of a positive culture, Etest for clarithromycin was carried out. Discrepancies were solved by looking at the pathologic data.ResultsCulture was positive in 68 cases (34%), and with our in‐house real‐time PCR in these 68 cases plus 5 others (N = 73, 36%). All were also detected by the two new kits. In addition, RIDA®GENE H. pylori detected one more positive also detected by Amplidiag H. pylori+ClariR, and Amplidiag detected two other positives. Of these three additional cases, pathology confirmed the positivity for two. Only one case diagnosed by Amplidiag could be considered as a false positive. With regard to clarithromycin resistance, 22 cases were detected. The corresponding mutations (A2142/43G) were all identified with the three PCRs.ConclusionsThese two new kits which have an excellent sensitivity and specificity are convenient to use, adaptable to different thermocyclers, provide quick results, and deserve to be used in H. pylori diagnosis for a better choice of treatment regimen.
The association of garlic with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Ziyu , Ying Xiangji , Shan Fei , Ji Jiafu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundGarlic may be protective against Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer development. We conducted this study to quantitatively update evidence on garlic intake and gastric cancer with the inclusion of most recent cohort studies and qualitatively summarize epidemiological studies of garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched on April 2018. We conducted a meta‐analysis to determine whether garlic intake reduced gastric cancer risk using random‐effect models and a systematic review to summarize evidence on the association between garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection. Risk of bias was assessed using tools of Cochrane risk of bias and Robins‐I for randomized and nonrandomized studies, respectively.ResultsMeta‐analysis of 18 studies (142 921 subjects) demonstrated high garlic consumption (as comparing the highest category to the lowest) was associated with a reduced gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.44‐0.57). This association became nonsignificant if only derived from the prospective studies (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.66‐1.24). Thirteen studies (4889 participants) were included in the systematic review for garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection; ten of which found no significant results. The majority of these studies were poor in quality given the small sample size and high risk of bias.ConclusionsPooled evidence, mainly from case‐control studies, suggested a significant inverse association of garlic intake with gastric cancer risk. Given the limitations of included studies, current epidemiological evidence is not sufficient to reach any definite conclusion regarding the association of garlic with Helicobacter pylori infection.
Histopathological and molecular analysis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs from patients treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Jones Kirk D , Achtar‐Zadeh Natalia , Green Gary , Kukreja Jasleen , Xu Biyun , Wolters Paul J 
Published: August 2018

AimsThe objective of this study was to quantify the impact of pirfenidone or nintedanib treatment on lung histopathology and molecular mediators of fibrosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods and resultsWe collected lung tissue from IPF patients at the time of lung transplantation. Histopathological changes were quantified using a blinded scoring method. Proteins associated with senescence or active TGF‐β were quantified in lung tissues by immunoblot and immunostaining. Histopathological quantification showed similar amounts of dense collagen fibrosis, fibroblast foci and alveolar macrophages in untreated or pirfenidone‐ or nintedanib‐treated IPF patients. There was less diffuse alveolar damage and organising pneumonia in pirfenidone‐treated IPF patients. Lungs of nintedanib‐treated patients had a trend towards less lymphocytic interstitial infiltration. There was no difference in expression of p‐SMAD3, p21 or p16 in the lungs of untreated, pirfenidone‐ or nintedanib‐treated IPF patients. Alveolar epithelial cells, but not fibroblast foci, were immunoreactive to p16. Pirfenidone or nintedanib treatment did not inhibit activation of senescence programming in cultured lung epithelial cells mediated by hydrogen peroxide.ConclusionPirfenidone and nintedanib do not modulate expression of senescence markers, levels of p‐SMAD3 or the amount of fibrosis in IPF lungs. Treated patients have less histopathological evidence of acute lung injury at the time of lung transplantation.
HIV infection is independently associated with a higher concentration of alpha‐1 antitrypsin
Authors: Thudium RF , Lundgren J , Benfield T , Nordestgaard BG , Borges ÁH , Gerstoft J , Nielsen SD , Ronit A ,   the Copenhagen Co‐morbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study Group
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesAlpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is associated with an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has been related to CD4 T‐cell count decline in people living with HIV (PLWH). We determined whether HIV status is associated with AAT concentrations and assessed associations between AAT concentration, pulmonary function and immunological status.MethodsAlpha‐1 antitrypsin was measured and spirometry performed in 1011 PLWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study and in 11 962 age‐ and sex‐matched uninfected controls. We studied associations between AAT concentration, HIV status, pulmonary function, and current and nadir CD4 T‐cell counts using multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsThe mean age of PLWH was 50.7 [standard deviation (SD) 11.3] years and 98.6% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The mean current CD4 T‐cell count was 718 (SD 284) cells/μL. PLWH had a higher median AAT concentration than uninfected controls [1.4 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.3–1.6) versus 1.3 (IQR 1.2–1.4) g/L; P < 0.0001] and HIV infection was independently associated with higher AAT concentration [adjusted β = 0.10 g/L; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08; 0.11 g/L; P < 0.001]. Low AAT concentration (< 1.0 g/L) was not more common in PLWH with airflow limitation (defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 0.7 with FEV1‐predicted < 80%) compared with uninfected controls with airflow limitation, and the effect of AAT on FEV1%‐predicted was comparable to that in uninfected controls (P‐interaction = 0.66). AAT concentration was not associated with current or nadir CD4 T‐cell count.ConclusionsHIV infection was independently associated with a higher concentration of AAT through unknown mechanisms. However, AAT does not seem to contribute to lower pulmonary function or to low CD4 T‐cell counts in PLWH.
Activation of orexin‐1 receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) modulates pulpal nociception and the induction of substance P in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis
Authors: Raoof M. , Soofiabadi S. , Abbasnejad M. , Kooshki R. , Esmaeili‐Mahani S. , Mansoori M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo characterize the role of orexin‐1 receptors (OX1Rs) in ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) on modulation of capsaicin‐induced pulpal nociception in rats.MethodologySixty‐six adult male Wistar rats (2 months old) weighing between 230 and 260 g were used. The animals were cannulated for microinjection of drugs into the vlPAG matter. Pulpalgia was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 μg) into the incisor teeth of the rats. Ten min prior to capsaicin application, orexin‐A (50, 100 and 150 pmol L−1 per rat) was administered. Orexin‐A (150 pmol L−1) was also co‐administrated with SB‐334867 (40 nmol L−1 per rat), an OX1Rs antagonist; or bicuculline (1 μg per rat), a GABAA receptors antagonist. Moreover, treatment effects on the release of pro‐nociceptive modulator substance P (SP) in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) of rats were explored using an immunofluorescence technique. One‐way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis.ResultsOrexin‐A dose‐dependently decreased capsaicin‐induced nociceptive behaviour. However, SB‐334867 (40 nmol L−1 per rat) pretreatment (P < 0.05), but not bicuculline (1 μg per rat), attenuated the analgesic effect of orexin‐A (150 pmol L−1). The level of SP was significantly increased in Vc and decreased in vlPAG of capsaicin‐treated rats (P < 0.05). Capsaicin‐induced changes in SP levels, however, were prohibited by orexin‐A treatment (150 pmol L−1) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOrexin‐A administration into the vlPAG was associated with an inhibitory effect on capsaicin‐induced pulpal nociception and bidirectional effects on the induction of SP in vlPAG and Vc of rats. Central activation of OX1Rs is a potential therapeutic tool for pulpalgia.
Impact sourcing in India: Trends and implications
Authors: Madon Shirin , C. R. Ranjini 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on impact sourcing, which refers to a type of business process outsourcing activity whereby service providers elect to provide high quality, information‐based services to clients by purposefully employing youth from low‐income communities to carry out simple data handling tasks. Whilst this activity proliferated across countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America from 2010 providing jobs and skills to many individuals, its growth seems to have been constrained in recent years. In order to explain this phenomenon, we undertake a longitudinal study of impact sourcing based on the case of Karnataka, which has been a prominent player in this sector since 2008. We commence by describing the operations of three impact‐sourcing enterprises in the state and locate this activity within the broader scope of state government policy focusing on two key aspects. First, we assess the adequacy of state support for rural entrepreneurs to sustain their operations for client companies and, second, whether there has been sufficient policy focus on ameliorating the socio‐economic context within which impact‐sourcing activity takes place. Finally, we reflect on important implications of our findings for further research on impact sourcing in the field of information systems and for policy prescriptions in order to create a conducive environment for this socially focused business activity to thrive.
Invariance of parent ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms for children with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Arias Víctor B. , Arias Benito , Burns G. Leonard , Servera Mateu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered a valid diagnosis for children with intellectual disability, no studies have evaluated the invariance of ADHD symptom ratings across children with and without intellectual disability.MethodParents completed ratings on the ADHD symptoms for 189 children with intellectual disability and for 474 children without intellectual disability. Differential item functioning analysis was used to determine the equivalence of the ADHD symptoms across the two groups.ResultsThe symptoms loses things, talks too much, and blurts out answers showed significant bias against children with intellectual disability. The prevalence of ADHD in children with intellectual disability was 18% (according to the symptom criterion), and 7.4% when the academic and/or social impairment criterion was also considered.ConclusionsMost of the ADHD symptoms can be valid for the assessment of ADHD in children with mild and moderate intellectual disability. ADHD symptoms may be used in further studies to establish base rates of the disorder in the intellectual disability population.
LncRNA‐RMRP promotes nucleus pulposus cell proliferation through regulating miR‐206 expression
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Peng Lei , Gong Xiaojin , Zhang Xiugong , Sun Ruifu , Du Jinlong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the biological function and expression of RMRP were still unclear. In our study, we showed that RMRP expression was up‐regulated in degenerated NP tissues compared to normal NP samples, and higher RMRP expression was associated with the disc degeneration grade. Further studies indicated that ectopic expression of RMRP enhanced NP cell growth and also enhanced the expression of ki‐67, PCNA and cyclin D1 in the NP cell. Moreover, overexpression of RMRP promoted the expression of Type II collagen and aggrecan and suppressed the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS4. In addition, we found that the expression of miR‐206 was down‐regulated in degenerated NP tissues compared to normal NP samples, and lower miR‐206 expression was correlated with the disc degeneration grade. Interestingly, we indicated that miR‐206 expression in NP tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of RMRP. Ectopic expression of miR‐206 suppressed NP cell proliferation and suppressed the expression of Type II collagen and aggrecan and enhanced the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS4. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of RMRP increased NP cell growth and regulated ECM expression through targeting miR‐206. These results suggested that lncRNA‐RMRP promoted the progression of IDD through targeting miR‐206, providing an attractive new therapeutic approach for the treatment of IDD disease.