bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus for land grabbing and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Brito Brenda , Barreto Paulo , Brandão Amintas , Baima Sara , Gomes Pedro Henrique 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We assessed the impact on the Brazilian Amazon of a 2017 land law that reinforces a mechanism for acquiring land rights historically linked to deforestation, since land grabbers clear the forest to signal land occupation and claim land rights. In particular, we assessed two significant potential impacts: (i) the loss of government revenue due to the sale of public land below market prices and (ii) the risk of future deforestation and associated CO2 emissions in 19.6 million hectares allocated to expand land privatization. The short-term revenue loss ranges from U$ 5 to 8 billion for 8.6 million hectares; the future revenue loss ranges from U$ 16.7 to 23.8 billion for 19.6 million hectares; and between 1.1 and 1.6 million hectares would risk being deforested until 2027, which could emit 4.5–6.5 megatonnes of CO2. The Brazilian government should review the decision about this area allocation; prioritize land allocation for conservation and, if selling part of this area, charge market prices.
Liquid Waste Processing of Tofu Industry for Biomass Production as Raw Material Biodiesel Production
Authors: Widayat W , Philia J , Wibisono J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Indonesia as a producer of tofu generated more liquid waste. Nutrients that contained in the tofu wastewater are very useful for the production of microalgae. Chlorella sp. is a microalgae that potential for food supplement, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, aqua culture and cosmetics. Chlorella sp. comonly grow in sea water. Glycerol in the cultivation medium as supplemental organic carbon sources for Microalgae. Cultivation carried out for 9 days at different percentages volume of tofu liquid waste and addition of glycerol. The result showed that increased concentration of tofu waste in microalgae cultivation media is proportional to the increase in lipid levels of Chlorella sp. Variable of 70%V has the highest concentration of lipid. The addition of glycerol in the cultivation medium enchancing lipid production. Variable of 5 g/l glycerol has the highest concentration of lipid. The higher ratio of carbon and nitrogen produces higher lipid content.
Associations of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and Natriuretic Peptide With Subsequent Risk of Infection in Persons Without Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Ishigami Junichi , Hoogeveen Ron C , Ballantyne Christie M , Folsom Aaron R , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Whether persons without prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) but elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are at high risk of infection is unknown. Using 1996–2013 data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we estimated hazard ratios for incident hospitalization with infection in relation to plasma hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP concentrations among participants without prevalent CVD and contrasted them with hazard ratios for persons with prevalent CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke). In a multivariable Cox model, prevalent CVD was significantly associated with risk of hospitalization with infection (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 1.45). Among participants without prevalent CVD, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were independently associated with infection risk in a graded fashion (e.g., HR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.69) for hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/L and HR = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) for hs-cTnT 9–13 ng/L vs. &lt;3 ng/L; HR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.35, 1.81) for NT-proBNP ≥248.1 pg/mL and HR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.34) for NT-proBNP 137.2–248.0 pg/mL vs. &lt;48.1 pg/mL). The 15-year cumulative incidences of hospitalization with infection were similar for participants with prevalent CVD and participants who did not have prevalent CVD but had hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/L or NT-proBNP ≥248.1 pg/mL. Thus, hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were independently associated with infection risk. Persons without CVD but with elevated hs-cTnT or NT-proBNP levels should be recognized to have similar infection risks as persons with prevalent CVD.
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy and its application to Barrett's esophagus: results from a 1,000 patient registry
Authors: Smith M S , Cash B , Konda V , Trindade A J , Gordon S , DeMeester S , Joshi V , Diehl D , Ganguly E , Mashimo H , Singh S , Jobe B , McKinley M , Wallace M , Komatsu Y , Thakkar S , Schnoll-Sussman F , Sharaiha R , Kahaleh M , Tarnasky P , Wolfsen H , Hawes R , Lipham J , Khara H , Pleskow D , Navaneethan U , Kedia P , Hasan M , Sethi A , Samarasena J , Siddiqui U D , Gress F , Rodriguez R , Lee C , Gonda T , Waxman I , Hyder S , Poneros J , Sharzehi K , Di Palma J A , Sejpal D V , Oh D , Hagen J , Rothstein R , Sawhney M , Berzin T , Malik Z , Chang K 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARY
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) for real-time, microscopic cross-sectional imaging. A US-based multi-center registry was constructed to prospectively collect data on patients undergoing upper endoscopy during which a VLE scan was performed. The objective of this registry was to determine usage patterns of VLE in clinical practice and to estimate quantitative and qualitative performance metrics as they are applied to Barrett's esophagus (BE) management. All procedures utilized the NvisionVLE Imaging System (NinePoint Medical, Bedford, MA) which was used by investigators to identify the tissue types present, along with focal areas of concern. Following the VLE procedure, investigators were asked to answer six key questions regarding how VLE impacted each case. Statistical analyses including neoplasia diagnostic yield improvement using VLE was performed. One thousand patients were enrolled across 18 US trial sites from August 2014 through April 2016. In patients with previously diagnosed or suspected BE (894/1000), investigators used VLE and identified areas of concern not seen on white light endoscopy (WLE) in 59% of the procedures. VLE imaging also guided tissue acquisition and treatment in 71% and 54% of procedures, respectively. VLE as an adjunct modality improved the neoplasia diagnostic yield by 55% beyond the standard of care practice. In patients with no prior history of therapy, and without visual findings from other technologies, VLE-guided tissue acquisition increased neoplasia detection over random biopsies by 700%. Registry investigators reported that VLE improved the BE management process when used as an adjunct tissue acquisition and treatment guidance tool. The ability of VLE to image large segments of the esophagus with microscopic cross-sectional detail may provide additional benefits including higher yield biopsies and more efficient tissue acquisition. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02215291
An economic analysis of medical and surgical management of aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Hardikar Ashutosh , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
To develop a cost-effectiveness model to address the outcome and economic implications of different thresholds for surgery in the management of aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve disease.

Methods and results
A model was created from the perspective of an Australian healthcare funding agency. The index case was a 65-year-old with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and ascending aorta diameter of 5.0 cm. Health states were defined as: pre-operative with dilated aorta, post-operative without complications, post-complication, and death. The mean and variance of risks and transition probabilities were taken from a local surgical database and local costs and utilities of elective and urgent thoracic aortic surgery (AoS) with or without aortic valve replacement, with a sensitivity analysis based on a systematic review. Scenario analyses were provided for other aortic dimensions. Implications for survival, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs were calculated from healthcare delivery and economic perspectives. After 10 000 simulations for the reference case, the utility of watchful waiting (WW) exceeded that of elective AoS (13 ± 4 vs. 10 ± 5 QALY). The net monetary benefit was A$351 063 ± 304 965 with immediate AoS vs. 534 797 ± 198 570 with WW surveillance. The most important variables affecting effectiveness were utility value of survivors, rate of aortic growth, and probability of acute aortic event during WW.

Conclusions
This decision-analytic model informed by our practice, as well as a systematic analysis, shows that AoS in a BAV patient with aorta <5 cm diameter is costlier and less effective than WW.
Secular trends in stillbirth by maternal socioeconomic status in Spain 2007–15: a population-based study of 4 million births
Authors: Luque-Fernandez Miguel Angel , Thomas Aurielle , Gelaye Bizu , Racape Judith , Sanchez Maria Jose , Williams Michelle A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Stillbirth, one of the urgent concerns of preventable perinatal deaths, has wide-reaching consequences for society. We studied secular stillbirth trends by maternal socioeconomic status (SES) in Spain.

Methods
We developed a population-based observational study, including 4 083 919 births during 2007–15. We estimate stillbirth rates and secular trends by maternal SES. We also evaluated the joint effect of maternal educational attainment and the Human Development Index (HDI) of women’s country of origin on the risk of stillbirth. The data and statistical analysis can be accessed for reproducibility in a GitHub repository: https://github.com/migariane/Stillbirth

Results
We found a consistent pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of delivering a stillborn, mainly characterized by a persistently higher risk, over time, among women with lower SES. Overall, women from countries with low HDIs and low educational attainments had approximately a four times higher risk of stillbirth (RR: 4.44; 95%CI: 3.71–5.32). Furthermore, we found a paradoxical reduction of the stillbirth gap over time between the highest and the lowest SESs, which is mostly due to the significant and increasing trend of stillbirth risk among highly educated women of advanced maternal age.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight no improvement in stillbirth rates among women of lower SES and an increasing trend among highly educated women of advanced maternal age over recent years. Public health policies developing preventive programmes to reduce stillbirth rates among women with lower SES are needed as well as the necessity of further study to understand the growing trend of age-related stillbirths among highly educated women in Spain.
Estimate of the diversity of viral and bacterial assemblage in the coastal water of Lake Baikal
Authors: Butina Tatyana V , Bukin Yurij S , Krasnopeev Andrey S , Belykh Olga I , Tupikin Aleksey E , Kabilov Marsel R , Sakirko Мaria V , Belikov Sergey I 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, we analysed the diversity and composition of double-stranded DNA viral and bacterial communities within the sample of surface coastal water of Southern Baikal through metagenomics and deep sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis has revealed 14 phyla and dominance of the ‘Actinobacteria’ (43.6%), ‘Proteobacteria’ (25.2%) and ‘Bacteroidetes’ (11.5%). The bacterial composition was similar to that obtained previously in Lake Baikal littoral zone. Out of 1 030 169 processed virome reads, 37.4% of sequences (385 421) were identified as viral; 15.1% were identified as nonviral and related to the domains Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea; and 47.5% had no matches in the databases. The identified virotypes belonged to different families and were predicted to infect a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to mammals. Six families (Myoviridae, Poxviridae, Mimiviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae and Podoviridae) were dominant accounting for more than 90% of the identified sequences (48.3%, 17.4%, 8.3%, 6.8%, 5.8% and 4.1%, respectively). In contrast to other freshwater systems, high percentage of the Poxviridae and Mimiviridae was recorded in the water sample of Lake Baikal.
LRRK2 interacts with the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase pump a1 subunit to regulate lysosomal function
Authors: Wallings Rebecca , Connor-Robson Natalie , Wade-Martins Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLysosomal dysfunction lies at the centre of the cellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease although the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) on lysosome biology and the autophagy pathway in primary neurons expressing the human LRRK2-G2019S or LRKK2-R1441C mutant or the human wild-type (hWT-LRRK2) genomic locus. The expression of LRRK2-G2019S or hWT-LRRK2 inhibited autophagosome production, whereas LRRK2-R1441C induced a decrease in autophagosome/lysosome fusion and increased lysosomal pH. In vivo data from the cortex and substantia nigra pars compacta of aged LRRK2 transgenic animals revealed alterations in autophagosome puncta number reflecting those phenotypes seen in vitro. Using the two selective and potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, MLi-2 and PF-06447475, we demonstrated that the LRRK2-R1441C-mediated decrease in autolysosome maturation is not dependent on LRRK2 kinase activity. We showed that hWT-LRRK2 and LRRK2-G2019S bind to the a1 subunit of vATPase, which is abolished by the LRRK2-R1441C mutation, leading to a decrease in a1 protein and cellular mislocalization. Modulation of lysosomal zinc increased vATPase a1 protein levels and rescued the LRRK2-R1441C-mediated cellular phenotypes. Our work defines a novel interaction between the LRRK2 protein and the vATPase a1 subunit and demonstrates a mode of action by which drugs may rescue lysosomal dysfunction. These results demonstrate the importance of LRRK2 in lysosomal biology, as well as the critical role of the lysosome in PD.
Human IFT52 mutations uncover a novel role for the protein in microtubule dynamics and centrosome cohesion
Authors: Dupont Marie Alice , Humbert Camille , Huber Céline , Siour Quentin , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Jung Vincent , Christensen Anni , Pouliet Aurore , Garfa-Traoré Meriem , Nitschké Patrick , Injeyan Marie , Millar Kathryn , Chitayat David , Shannon Patrick , Girisha Katta Mohan , Shukla Anju , Mechler Charlotte , Lorentzen Esben , Benmerah Alexandre , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Jeanpierre Cécile , Saunier Sophie , Delous Marion 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMutations in genes encoding components of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes have previously been associated with a spectrum of diseases collectively termed ciliopathies. Ciliopathies relate to defects in the formation or function of the cilium, a sensory or motile organelle present on the surface of most cell types. IFT52 is a key component of the IFT-B complex and ensures the interaction of the two subcomplexes, IFT-B1 and IFT-B2. Here, we report novel IFT52 biallelic mutations in cases with a short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) or a congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Combining in vitro and in vivo studies in zebrafish, we showed that SRTD-associated missense mutation impairs IFT-B complex assembly and IFT-B2 ciliary localization, resulting in decreased cilia length. In comparison, CAKUT-associated missense mutation has a mild pathogenicity, thus explaining the lack of skeletal defects in CAKUT case. In parallel, we demonstrated that the previously reported homozygous nonsense IFT52 mutation associated with Sensenbrenner syndrome [Girisha et al. (2016) A homozygous nonsense variant in IFT52 is associated with a human skeletal ciliopathy. Clin. Genet., 90, 536–539] leads to exon skipping and results in a partially functional protein. Finally, our work uncovered a novel role for IFT52 in microtubule network regulation. We showed that IFT52 interacts and partially co-localized with centrin at the distal end of centrioles where it is involved in its recruitment and/or maintenance. Alteration of this function likely contributes to centriole splitting observed in Ift52−/− cells. Altogether, our findings allow a better comprehensive genotype–phenotype correlation among IFT52-related cases and revealed a novel, extra-ciliary role for IFT52, i.e. disruption may contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms.
Elevated Environmental Carbon Dioxide Exposure Confounding Physiologic Events in Aviators?
Authors: Andicochea Chad T , Henriques Matthew E , Fulkerson Joel , Jay Susan , Chen Howard , Deaton Travis 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Physiological events (PEs) are a growing problem for US military aviation with detrimental risks to safety and mission readiness. Seeking causative factors is, therefore, of high importance. There is no evidence to date associating carbon dioxide (CO2) pre-flight exposure and decompression sickness (DCS) in aviators.

Materials and Methods
This study is a case series of six aviators with PE after being exposed to a rapid decompression event (RDE) with symptoms consistent with type II DCS. The analysis includes retrospective review of flight and environmental data to further assess a possible link between CO2 levels and altitude physiologic events (PEs). IRB approval was obtained for this study.

Results
This case series presents six aviators with PE after being exposed to a rapid decompression event (RDE) with symptoms consistent with type II DCS. Another three aviators were also exposed to a RDE, but remained asymptomatic. All events involved tactical jet aircraft flying at an average of 35,600’ Mean Sea Level (MSL) when a RDE occurred, Retrospective reviews led to the discovery that the affected individuals were exposed, pre-flight, to poor indoor air quality demonstrated by elevated levels of measured CO2.

Conclusion
PEs are a growing safety concern for the aviation community in the military. As such, increasing measures are taken to ensure safety of flight and completion of the mission. To date, there is no correlation of CO2 exposure and altitude DCS. While elevated CO2 levels cannot be conclusively implicated as causative, this case series suggests a potential role of CO2 in altitude DCS through CO2 direct involvement with emboli gas composition, as well as pro-inflammatory cascade. Aviators exposed to elevated CO2 in poorly ventilated rooms developed PE symptoms consistent with DCS, while at the same command, aviators that were exposed to a well ventilated room did not. This report is far from an answer, but does demonstrate an interesting case series that draws some questions about CO2’s role in these aviator’s DCS experience. Other explanations are plausible, including the accurate diagnosis of DCS, health variables amongst the aviators, and differences in aircraft and On-Board Oxygen Generation Systems (OBOGS). For a better understanding, the role of environmental CO2 and pre-flight exposure as a risk of DCS should be reviewed.
Magnetic OB[A] Stars with TESS: probing their Evolutionary and Rotational properties (MOBSTER) – I. First-light observations of known magnetic B and A stars
Authors: David-Uraz A , Neiner C , Sikora J , Bowman D M , Petit V , Chowdhury S , Handler G , Pergeorelis M , Cantiello M , Cohen D H , Erba C , Keszthelyi Z , Khalack V , Kobzar O , Kochukhov O , Labadie-Bartz J , Lovekin C C , MacInnis R , Owocki S P , Pablo H , Shultz M E , ud-Doula A , Wade G A ,   MOBSTER Collaboration
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the MOBSTER collaboration and lay out its scientific goals. We present first results based on the analysis of 19 previously known magnetic O, B, and A stars observed in 2-min cadence in sectors 1 and 2 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. We derive precise rotational periods from the newly obtained light curves and compare them to previously published values. We also discuss the overall photometric phenomenology of the known magnetic massive and intermediate-mass stars and propose an observational strategy to augment this population by taking advantage of the high-quality observations produced by TESS.
HERBS II: Detailed chemical compositions of Galactic bulge stars
Authors: Duong L , Asplund M , Nataf D M , Freeman K C , Ness M 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This work explores the detailed chemistry of the Milky Way bulge using the HERMES spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Here, we present the abundance ratios of 13 elements for 832 red giant branch and clump stars along the minor bulge axis at latitudes b = −10○, − 7.5○, and −5○. Our results show that none of the abundance ratios vary significantly with latitude. We also observe disc-like [Na/Fe] abundance ratios, which indicate that the bulge does not contain helium-enhanced populations as observed in some globular clusters. Helium enhancement is therefore not the likely explanation for the double red-clump observed in the bulge. We confirm that bulge stars mostly follow abundance trends observed in the disc. However, this similarity is not confirmed across all elements and metallicity regimes. The more metal-poor bulge population at [Fe/H] ≲ − 0.8 is enhanced in the elements associated with core collapse supernovae (SNeII). In addition, the [La/Eu] abundance ratio suggests higher r-process contribution, and likely higher star formation in the bulge compared to the disc. This highlights the complex evolution in the bulge, which should be investigated further, both in terms of modelling; and with additional observations of the inner Galaxy.
KOI-3890: a high-mass-ratio asteroseismic red giant+M-dwarf eclipsing binary undergoing heartbeat tidal interactions
Authors: Kuszlewicz James S , North Thomas S H , Chaplin William J , Bieryla Allyson , Latham David W , Miglio Andrea , Bell Keaton J , Davies Guy R , Hekker Saskia , Campante Tiago L , Deheuvels Sebastien , Lund Mikkel N 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
KOI-3890 is a highly eccentric, 153-d period eclipsing, single-lined spectroscopic binary system containing a red giant star showing solar-like oscillations alongside tidal interactions. The combination of transit photometry, radial velocity observations, and asteroseismology has enabled the detailed characterization of both the red giant primary and the M-dwarf companion, along with the tidal interaction and the geometry of the system. The stellar parameters of the red giant primary are determined through the use of asteroseismology and grid-based modelling to give a mass and radius of $M_{\star }=1.04\pm 0.06 \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $R_{\star }=5.8\pm 0.2 \, \textrm{R}_{\odot }$, respectively. When combined with transit photometry, the M-dwarf companion is found to have a mass and radius of $M_{\mathrm{c}}=0.23\pm 0.01 \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$ and $R_{\mathrm{c}}=0.256\pm 0.007 \, \textrm{R}_{\odot }$. Moreover, through asteroseismology we constrain the age of the system through the red giant primary to be $9.1^{+2.4}_{-1.7}\,\mathrm{Gyr}$. This provides a constraint on the age of the M-dwarf secondary, which is difficult to do for other M-dwarf binary systems. In addition, the asteroseismic analysis yields an estimate of the inclination angle of the rotation axis of the red giant star of $i=87.6^{+2.4}_{-1.2}$ degrees. The obliquity of the system – the angle between the stellar rotation axis and the angle normal to the orbital plane – is also derived to give $\psi =4.2^{+2.1}_{-4.2}$ degrees, showing that the system is consistent with alignment. We observe no radius inflation in the M-dwarf companion when compared to current low-mass stellar models.