bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, present and future of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Liu Bingwen , Xiang Yufei , Liu Zhenqi , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is the most common form of autoimmune diabetes diagnosed in adults. Similar to type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of LADA is impacted by ethnicity and geography. LADA is characterized by β cell loss due to autoimmunity and insulin resistance and has highly heterogeneous clinical features, autoimmunity, and genetics in a glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titre‐dependent manner, suggesting LADA is part of a continuum spectrum between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although LADA is the most frequent form of autoimmune diabetes diagnosed in adults, clinical trials involving LADA are scarce. Here we review the recent advancements in LADA epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and interventions. We also highlight the environmental factors that are thought to play an important role in addition to genetics in the pathogenesis of LADA. In the future, high‐throughput molecular profiles might shed light on the nature of LADA among the wide spectrum of diabetes and offer new opportunities to identify novel LADA‐specific biomarkers.
Colonization and extinction dynamics among the plant species at tree bases in Paris (France)
Authors: Omar Mona , Schneider‐Maunoury Laure , Barré Kévin , Al Sayed Nazir , Halwani Jalal , Machon Nathalie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

In cities, trees planted along streets could play an important ecological role for spontaneous plants growing at their bases. For example, these trees could represent corridors by potentially connecting large green spaces (e.g., parks, gardens), which allow species to move within the urban matrix. We considered sets of urban trees in 15 streets in Paris, France, as metapopulations for 15 plant species. Our objective was to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of colonization and extinction of populations based on the distance of the streets to green spaces and biological traits of each species.

Plant species in 1,324 tree bases of the Bercy District of Paris were surveyed annually from 2009 to 2015. For each species and each street, we used SPOMSIM software to identify the best‐fit metapopulation model between four models with different colonization and extinction functions: propagule rain model (PRM) and Levins’ model with or without rescue effect.

Results demonstrated that species more often conformed to the PRM in streets near green spaces, which suggested that green spaces could act as sources for the populations in those streets. Species with seeds with long‐term persistence more often conformed to the PRM, indicating that a soil seed bank helps species invade entire streets. Finally, a higher percentage of species with a short height conformed to models with a rescue effect, which indicated that those small species resisted the effects of weeding by the city technical services better than taller species.

Synthesis and applications. This study showed how biological traits of species and geography of the district determine the dynamics of plants in the streets, and these results may provide important information for biodiversity management in cities.
Niche differentiation in rainforest ant communities across three continents
Authors: Grevé Michael E. , Houadria Mickal , Andersen Alan N. , Menzel Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA central prediction of niche theory is that biotic communities are structured by niche differentiation arising from competition. To date, there have been numerous studies of niche differentiation in local ant communities, but little attention has been given to the macroecology of niche differentiation, including the extent to which particular biomes show distinctive patterns of niche structure across their global ranges. We investigated patterns of niche differentiation and competition in ant communities in tropical rainforests, using different baits reflecting the natural food spectrum. We examined the extent of temporal and dietary niche differentiation and spatial segregation of ant communities at five rainforest sites in the neotropics, paleotropics, and tropical Australia. Despite high niche overlap, we found significant dietary and temporal niche differentiation in every site. However, there was no spatial segregation among foraging ants at the community level, despite strong competition for preferred food resources. Although sucrose, melezitose, and dead insects attracted most ants, some species preferentially foraged on seeds, living insects, or bird feces. Moreover, most sites harbored more diurnal than nocturnal species. Overall niche differentiation was strongest in the least diverse site, possibly due to its lower number of rare species. Both temporal and dietary differentiation thus had strong effects on the ant assemblages, but their relative importance varied markedly among sites. Our analyses show that patterns of niche differentiation in ant communities are highly idiosyncratic even within a biome, such that a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of niche structure in ant communities remains elusive.
Curcumin encapsulation and protection based on lysozyme nanoparticles
Authors: Cui Jilai , Zhou Jie , Huang Lu , Jing Junxiang , Wang Ningze , Wang Luyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurcumin possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and other properties. However, this compound exhibits low bioavailability because of its poor solubility and stability. In this paper, lysozyme nanoparticles were fabricated through solvent evaporation, and then, the solubilization and protection capability of curcumin were investigated. Lysozyme nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering technique, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The load capacity and stability in thermal environment were further explored. Results showed that the lysozyme nanoparticle displayed a spherical structure (127.9 ± 2.12 nm) with favorable distribution. The solubility of curcumin can increase to 22 μg/mL. After encapsulation by lysozyme nanoparticles, the retentive curcumin can reach up to 67.9% and 30.25% at 25°C and 50°C, respectively, significantly higher than that of free curcumin. Meanwhile, experiments on DPPH free radicals indicated the curcumin loaded by lysozyme nanoparticle possessed higher free radical scavenging activity than that of free curcumin with same treatments. The results confirmed that lysozyme nanoparticles exhibit potential applications in solubilizing and protecting the environment‐sensitive hydrophobic functional components.
Solid Oxide Electrolyzer System Operational at the H2 Refueling Station of Karlsruhe
Authors: Brisse A. , Zeller M. , Ludwig B. , Brabandt J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe tenth H2 refueling station of the German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg was commissioned on September 6, 2017. The Karlsruhe H2 refueling station, located at the multi‐fuels station of Total, is the first one equipped with an onsite hydrogen production using a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) system. In the present work, details about the SOE system equipment are reported. Electrical consumption of the integrated stacks module (ISM) and the hot balance of plant (BoP) for steam generation and inlet gas pre‐heating, was monitored during 240 h of steady‐state operation under 100% steam. The average cell voltage of the 90 cells composing the ISM was 1.35 V at 0.4 A cm−2 current density. ISM efficiency was around 91.5% HHVAC considering 100% faradaic efficiency and including the conversion of the AC/DC power supply. Due to the consumption of the hot BoP and system auxiliaries for safety and control, achieved overall system efficiency was 61.4% HHVAC. Independently from electric steam production, around 10% reduction of the ISM electricity consumption could be feasible with the optimization of the inlet air flowrate. Indeed, adapting the inlet air flowrate as function of the outlet hydrogen flowrate would allow reducing the electricity need for inlet air pre‐heating.
Early Palaeozoic oceanic island–seamount assemblage in northern Fujian, South China: Implications for pre‐Devonian tectonic evolution of the Wuyi orogenic belt
Authors: Ge Yanpeng , Li Longming , Zhao Xilin , Lin Shoufa , Liu Huan , Han Xu , Feng Lamei 
Published: July 2019

The nature of the Precambrian basement in the Cathaysia Block of South China is controversial, which inhibits our understanding of the pre‐Devonian tectonic evolution of the region. In this study, a suite of amphibolites and marbles in northern Fujian area located in the north of the Cathaysia Block were subjected to LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon geochronological and geochemical analyses. Results show that the protolith of the amphibolite formed after ca. 459 Ma, and its metamorphism happened at ca. 429 Ma. The protolith of the marble was deposited after ca. 518 Ma, and its metamorphic age is ca. 437 Ma. The amphibolites are divided into two groups based on geochemical data. Group 1 has an OIB‐like feature that might have formed in an environment characterized by oceanic islands and seamounts. Magmas associated with Group 1 were derived from an enriched mantle source with OIB characteristics. The protolith of Group 2 shows IAB feature that formed in an island arc environment. Marbles are interpreted to represent metamorphosed marine carbonate rocks. Integration of geochronological and geochemical study indicates that the marble and amphibolite should be an early Palaeozoic oceanic island–seamount association. It suggests the Cathaysia Block underwent oceanic subduction during collisional orogenesis in the early Palaeozoic. This subduction is thought to have initiated prior to ca. 437 Ma. The U–Pb zircon ages of younger intrusive granites indicate that final amalgamation occurred before ca. 392 Ma. During this process, east and west Wuyi were amalgamated to form the unified Cathaysia Block. Thus, it suggests that there was no unified pre‐Devonian basement in the Cathaysia Block. The pre‐Devonian tectonic setting of the Cathaysia Block was an accretionary orogeny.
Cognitive and functional progression of dementia in two longitudinal studies
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Haaksma Miriam L. , Ramakers Inez H.G.B. , Verhey Frans R.J. , van de Flier Wiesje M. , Scheltens Philip , van Maurik Ingrid , Olde Rikkert Marcel G.M. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , Melis René J.F. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesPrevious studies have identified several subgroups (ie, latent trajectories) with distinct disease progression among people with dementia. However, the methods and results were not always consistent. This study aims to perform a coordinated analysis of latent trajectories of cognitive and functional progression in dementia across two datasets.MethodsIncluded and analyzed using the same statistical approach were 1628 participants with dementia from the US National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) and 331 participants with dementia from the Dutch Clinical Course of Cognition and Comorbidity study (4C‐Study). Trajectories of cognition and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were modeled jointly in a parallel‐process growth mixture model.ResultsCognition and IADL tended to decline in unison across the two samples. Slow decline in both domains was observed in 26% of the US sample and 74% of the Dutch sample. Rapid decline in cognition and IADL was observed in 7% of the US sample and 26% of the Dutch sample. The majority (67%) of the US sample showed moderate cognitive decline and rapid IADL decline.ConclusionsTrajectories of slow and rapid dementia progression were identified in both samples. Despite using the same statistical methods, the number of latent trajectories was not replicated and the relative class sizes differed considerably across datasets. These results call for careful consideration when comparing progression estimates in the literature. In addition, the observed discrepancy between cognitive and functional decline stresses the need to monitor dementia progression across multiple domains.
A Metallomic Approach to Assess Associations of Serum Metal Levels With Gallstones and Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Gao Yu‐Tang , Huang Yu‐Han , McGee Emma E. , Lam Tram , Wang Bingsheng , Shen Ming‐Chang , Rashid Asif , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Hsing Ann W. , Koshiol Jill 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
Exposure to metals may promote the risk for cancers. We evaluated the associations of a broad spectrum of metals with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and gallstones.

Approach and Results
A total of 259 patients with GBC, 701 patients with gallstones, and 851 population‐based controls were enrolled in Shanghai, China. A metallome panel was used to simultaneously detect 18 metals in serum through inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate crude or adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between metal levels and gallbladder disease. Among the 18 metals tested, 12 were significantly associated with GBC and six with gallstones (P
corrected < 0.002). Boron, lithium, molybdenum, and arsenic levels were associated with GBC compared to gallstones as well as with gallstones compared to population‐based controls. Elevated levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium were positively associated with GBC versus gallstones; and the ORadj for the highest tertile (T3) compared to the lowest tertile (T1) ranged from 1.80 to 7.28, with evidence of dose–response trends (P < 0.05). Arsenic, boron, iron, lithium, magnesium, selenium, and sulfur were inversely associated with GBC, with the T3 versus T1 ORadj ranging from 0.20 to 0.69. Arsenic, boron, calcium, lithium, molybdenum, and phosphorus were negatively associated with gallstones, with the T3 versus T1 ORadj ranging from 0.50 to 0.75 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Metals were associated with both GBC and gallstones, providing cross‐sectional evidence of association across the natural history of disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the temporality of metal exposure and gallbladder diseases and to investigate the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
Mobilisation and transport of dissolved organic carbon and iron in peat catchments—Insights from the Lehstenbach stream in Germany using generalised additive models
Authors: Selle Benny , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Lischeid Gunnar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the last decades, increasing exports of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron were observed from peat catchments in North America and Europe with potential consequences for water quality of streamwater and carbon storages of soils. As mobilisation and transport processes of DOC and iron in peat catchments are only partly understood, the purpose of this study was to elucidate these processes in an intensively monitored and studied system. Specifically, it was hypothesised that dissimilatory iron reduction in riparian peatland soils mobilises DOC initially adsorbed to iron minerals. During stormflow conditions, both DOC and iron will be transported into the stream network. Ferrous iron may be reoxidised at redox interfaces on its way to the stream, and subsequently, ferric iron could be transported together with DOC as complexes. To test these hypotheses, generalised additive models (GAMs) were applied to 14 years of weekly time series of discharge and concentrations of selected solutes measured in a German headwater stream called Lehstenbach. This stream drains a 4.19‐km2 forested mountain catchment; one third of which is covered by riparian peatland soils. We interpreted results of different types of GAM in the way that (a) iron reduction drove the mobilisation of DOC from peatland soils and that (b) both iron and DOC were transported as complexes after their joint mobilisation to and within the steam. It was speculated that low nitrate availability in the uppermost wetland soil layer, particularly during the growing season, promoted iron reduction and thus the mobilisation of DOC. However, the influence of nitrate on the DOC mobilisation remains relatively uncertain. This influence could be further investigated using methods similar to the GAM analysis conducted here for other catchments with long‐term data as well as detailed measurements of the relevant species in riparian wetland soils and the adjacent stream network.
Clogging process by suspended solids during groundwater artificial recharge: Evidence from lab simulations and numerical modelling
Authors: Chu Tong , Yang Yuesuo , Lu Ying , Du Xinqiang , Ye Xueyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPermeability reduction of infiltration media due to suspended solid (SS) clogging is the bane of groundwater artificial recharge. To overcome the clogging problem and advance the understanding of the process‐based spatial‐temporal evolution of SS clogging, a 1D laboratory column simulation was carried out, followed by numerical modelling of the experimental data in this study. It was found that clogging caused a reduction in the hydraulic conductivity (K) in the upper layer at the beginning and extended deeper to approximately 50 cm, and no reduction in K was detected below 52 cm throughout the experimental period of 129 hr. The most clogged layer spanned from the surface to a depth of 11 cm, and the middle 11–52 cm was characterized by a slight decrease in K. The clogging rates of the different layers decreased with the depth, which was based on data analysis, with the largest value of 0.038 hr−1 in the upper 1 cm. The overall K began to decrease from the surface layer and was increasingly affected by clogging with time. A mathematical model was established to simulate the SS clogging process evolution based on considerations of the attachments and detachments of particles. Then the model was applied to perform several scenario analyses after calibration and validation using the data obtained in the experiment. The simulation results indicated that the SS concentration was much more sensitive than the groundwater depth below the land surface, and 10 days of constant recharge is recommended as the disposal cycle of the clogged layer under the given conditions.
Look to Norway: Serving new families and infants in a multiethnic population
Authors: Leirbakk Maria J. , Magnus Jeanette H. , Torper Johan , Zeanah Paula 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDespite recognition that immigrant women face significant health challenges, addressing the healthcare needs of immigrants is a source of debate in the United States. Lack of adequate healthcare for immigrants is recognized as a social justice issue, and other countries have incorporated immigrants into their healthcare services. Oslo, the fastest growing capital in Europe, is rapidly shifting to a heterogeneous society prompting organizational action and change. The New Families Program serves first‐time mothers and their infants in an Oslo district serving 53% minorities from 142 countries. Anchored in salutogenic theory, the program aims to support the parent–child relationship, children's development and social adaptation, and to prevent stress‐related outcomes. Formative research has informed the successful program development and implementation within the existing maternal and child healthcare service. Implications for addressing maternal and child health needs of an immigrant population are presented.
MicroRNA‐155 inhibition up‐regulates LEPR to inhibit osteoclast activation and bone resorption via activation of AMPK in alendronate‐treated osteoporotic mice
Authors: Mao Zhongxuan , Zhu Yihai , Hao Weimin , Chu Chao , Su Hongmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is characterized by a progressive increase in bone fragility, leading to low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. MicroRNA‐155 (miR‐155) is highly expressed in osteoporosis. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐155 on the inhibition of osteoclast activation and bone resorption by targeting leptin receptor (LEPR) through the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in alendronate‐treated osteoporotic mice. An osteoporosis mouse model was established to examine the bone tension and bone density and the expression of miR‐155 in osteoclasts. Binding sites between miR‐155 and LEPR were verified. Osteoclasts in the treatment group were transfected with different mimic, inhibitor, vector, or siRNA for subsequent experiments. The expression of miR‐155, LEPR, AMPK, p‐AMPK, RANKL, OPG, M‐CSF, RANK, TRAP, Bax, Bcl‐2, and the contents of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were all examined. The proliferation and bone resorption of osteoclasts were also detected. Mice with osteoporosis exhibited decreased bone density and bone tension, along with elevated expression of miR‐155. LEPR was verified as a target gene of miR‐155. Down‐regulated miR‐155 was found to increase the expression of LEPR, AMPK, p‐AMPK, OPG, Bax, decrease expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, RANKL, M‐CSF, RANK, TRAP, Bcl‐2, inhibit the cell proliferation and bone resorption of osteoclasts. Taken together, decreased miR‐155 up‐regulated LEPR via activation of AMPK, which ultimately repressed osteoclast activation and bone resorption of osteoclasts in alendronate‐treated osteoporotic mice.
A novel de novo splicing mutation c.1444‐2A>T in the TSC2 gene causes exon skipping and premature termination in a patient with tuberous sclerosis syndrome
Authors: Abdelwahed Mayssa , Touraine Renaud , Ben‐Rhouma Bochra , Dhieb Dhoha , Mars Manel , Kammoun Khawla , Hachicha Jamil , Triki Chahnez , Kamoun Hassen , Keskes‐Ammar Leila , Belguith Neila 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome that affects the brain, skin, and kidneys that has an adverse impact on the patient's health and quality of life. There have been several recent advances that elucidate the genetic complex of this disorder that will help understand the basic neurobiology of this disorder. We report a Tunisian patient with clinical manifestations of TSC syndrome. We investigated the causative molecular defect in this patient using PCR followed by direct sequencing. Subsequently, in silico studies and mRNA analysis were performed to study the pathogenicity of the new variation found in the TSC2. Bioinformatics tools predicted that the novel mutation c.1444‐2A>T have pathogenic effects on splicing machinery. RT‐PCR followed by sequencing revealed that the mutation c.1444‐2A>T generates two aberrant transcripts. The first, with exon 15 skipping, is responsible for the loss of 52 amino acids, which causes the production of an aberrant protein isoform. The second, with the inclusion of 122 nucleotides of intron 14, is responsible for the creation of new premature termination codons (TGA), which causes the production of a truncated TSC2 protein. This study highlighted the clinical features of a Tunisian patient with TSC syndrome and revealed a splicing mutation c.1444‐2A>T within intron 14 of TSC2 gene, which is present for the first time using Sanger sequencing approach, as a disease‐causing mutation in a Tunisian patient with TSC syndrome.