bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Extract of Vernonia cinerea
Authors: Acharya Ruchi , Sharma Bhawna , Singh Ruchi , Jain Prabhat 
Published: January 2019

The present study aims to screen and quantify hydroalcoholic extract for phytochemical content and HPLC profiles for standardization. HPLC was carried out using a RP-C18 analytical column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: methanol (50:50 v/v) and was isocratically eluted at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. A small sample volume of 20 μL was used for each sample run, being injected into the HPLC system. The chromatogram was monitored with UV detection at a wavelength of 256 nm. Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of flavonoids, amino acids, carbohydrates and protiens in hydroalcoholic extract. Quantification of total flavonoids showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea had flavonoid content 0.547 mg/100mg equivalent to quercetin. The data presented here could be used for the standardization of hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea, either for future studies or in herbal drug formulations.
Keywords: Vernonia cinerea, HPLC profiling, Phytochemical analysis, Hydroalcoholic extract.
Formulation and characterization of acyclovir based topical microemulsions by QBD approach
Authors: Dev Asish , Dwivedi Jayesh , Momin Munira 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The proposed study is focussed at developing acyclovir microemulsions for topical drug delivery systems. QbD was applied for better understanding of the process and to generate design space, using quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, and risk assessment. The aim of the experiment is to prepare a safe, efficacious, stable and patient compliant microemulsion dosage form of Acyclovir. Materials and methods: Pre-formulation studies were carried out which helped in developing a suitable dosage form. UV, FTIR and DSC studies were done for pre-formulation and post-formulation evaluations. QbD was applied to generate design space, using QTPP, CQA, and risk assessment. Microemulsions of acyclovir were developed by using 32 factorial designs. Pseudo terneary phase diagrams were constructed to screen various surfactants and co-surfactants for the preparation of microemulsions. Two independent variables Oil Concentration (X1) and Smix Concentration (X2) at three levels low, medium and high were selected and response surface plots were generated. The microemulsions were prepared by plotting pseudo terneary phase diagrams. Various characterizations that were carried out include % transmittance, Viscosity and % drug release. Statistical analyses of batches and surface response studies were done to understand the effect of various independent variables on the dependent variables. Results and Discussions: The λmax was confirmed at 251 nm by UV spectroscopy. The melting point was determined experimentally to be 2460C which confirms the drug to be Acyclovir. FTIR and DSC studies confirmed that the drug is Acyclovir. Conclusion: The study indicates that microemulsions of Acyclovir by QbD approach were successfully developed.
Keywords: Microemulsion, Acyclovir, DoE, QbD
Formulation and evaluation of chitosan films containing sparfloxacin for the treatment of periodontitis
Authors: Naik Santoshi , Raikar Prasiddhi , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar 
Published: January 2019

In the present study an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate a sustained release periodontal film of Sparfloxacin with biodegradable, cost effective polymer Chitosan. The objective of the study was to formulate intra-pocket periodontal films, which could be easily placed into the periodontal pocket, and thus be capable of delivering therapeutic concentrations of drug. Sparfloxacin is an antibiotic, showing wide spectrum antibacterial activity against a number of periodontal pathogens. Hence Sparfloxacin is selected as model for site specific delivery, i.e., into periodontal pocket for the treatment of periodontitis. In the present investigation Chitosan films containing Sparfloxacin were prepared by solution casting method using acetic acid. The copolymers HPMC K4M, Sodium CMC and Eudragit RL 100 in the concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% w/w of Chitosan were added into the polymeric solution. Propylene glycol was used as plasticizer. FT-IR and UV spectroscopic methods revealed no interaction between Sparfloxacin and polymers. The drug loaded films were evaluated for their thickness, weight variation, content uniformity, tensile strength, percent elongation, percentage moisture loss, surface pH, folding endurance, in- vitro drug release studies, in - vitro antibacterial activity and stability studies. Periodontal films showed initial burst release of drug on 1st day and then the release was sustained for a period of 8 days. In – vitro antibacterial activity was carried out on staphylococcus aureus and the antibacterial activity was retained for 96 hours. In - vitro release from periodontal films was fit to kinetic models to reveal drug release kinetics.
Keywords: Periodontitis, Sparfloxacin, Bio-adhesive polymers.
Simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and atorvastatin calcium in API and tablet dosage form
Authors: JAGIRAPU BANGARUTHALLI , Harini U , Divya M , Sushma P 
Published: January 2019

A new method has been established for the simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan and Atorvastatin calcium by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Telmisartan and Atorvastatin calcium by using boston ODS C18 column, flow rate was 1.0ml/min, mobile Phase consists of methanol:Acetonitrile:buffer in ratio of 35:25:40. Detection wave length was 235nm.The instrument used was SHIMADZU HPLC auto sampler. The retention time of Atorvastatin calcium and Telmisartan was found to be 2.350 and 3.490 minutes respectively. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines (ICH Q2b). The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.997 and 0.999 for Telmisartan and Atorvastatin calcium respectively. % mean recovery was found to be 100.943% and 100.576% for Telmisartan and Atorvastatin calcium respectively. %RSD for precision on replicate injection was 0.46 and 0.70 for Telmisartan and Atorvastatin calcium respectively. The validation study was found to be precise, robust, and repeatable.
Keywords: Telmisartan, Atorvastatin calcium, ICH guidelines, Validation.
Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-haemolytic activity of edible basidiomycetes mushroom fungi
Authors: R Madhanraj , K Ravikumar , MR Maya , Illuri Ramanaiah , K Venkatakrishna , K Rameshkumar , V Veeramanikandan , M Eyini , Paulraj Balaji 
Published: January 2019

Mushrooms are used for a variety of biotechnological applications, particularly for the production of food, enzymes, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical compounds, feed supplements. Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi have been known for their nutritional values they can be considered as functional foods which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients. Mushroom represents a major and untapped source of potent new pharmaceutical products. A wide range of activities including antitumour, cardiovascular and antimicrobial are reported in mushrooms. In developing countries like India mushroom progress is a boon in the field of food, medicine, and in generating employment. The alternative systems of medicine utilize the curative properties of mushrooms. They are also known to possess promising antioxidative, cardiovascular, hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, hepato-protective and anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities of various extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi. Different Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi extracts (Hot water, Acetone and Hexane) were tested for antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activities. Among these different extracts of Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi the hexane extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius showed potential antimicrobial and antihaemolytic activity. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using Basidiomycetes mushroom fungi as natural sources for the pharmaceutical industry and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential biological activities. These findings encourage studying these fungal strains further for their potential biological applications.
Fast dissolving tablets: waterless patient compliance dosage forms
Authors: RADA SANTOSH KUMAR , Kumari Annu 
Published: January 2019

Drug delivery by the oral route is the most prescribable and acceptable route in terms of patient’s compliance. Improvement of patient’s compliance has always a challenge towards the development of oral drug delivery system. In the market different types of oral dosage forms are available in which tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions are preferred ones. Oral solid drug delivery faces drawback in case of swallowing especially with paediatrics and geriatric psychotic patients. Therefore scientists attracted towards fast mouth dissolving drug delivery systems to encounter existing problems with unique property of palatability and rapid disintegration. The concept of fast dissolving tablet came into existence in late 1970 and further improvements are still going on in connection with its preparation and methodology. Fast dissolving tablets have faster disintegration and dissolution rate and releases within 30 seconds as they come in contact with saliva. These systems also obviate the requirement of carry water during drug administration. This facilitate drug delivery to the patients of dysphasic, psychic, paediatrics, geriatric and bed-ridden, unconscious population. As fast dissolving tablets falls under desired expectation of safer, convenient and economical solid dosage forms, several techniques have been developed to improve disintegration quality in the recent past years. This article mainly focuses on formulation and evaluation technologies with recent advancement made so far in the field of fast dissolving tablets.
Keywords: Fast disintegration; Dysphasia; Mouth dissolving; Self-medication.
X-ray non-destructive testing – an essential tool during modern aeronautics material technology design and development
Authors: Ospennikova O. G. , Kosarina E. I. , Krupnina O. A. 
Published: January 2019

The X-ray non-destructive testing process is carried out by the system, which includes: the object of control (OC); source of radiation; detector; operator. The X-ray radiation and the object of control interaction formed the radiation image as X-ray doze distribution in accordance with the properties of the OC. At this stage, useful information about the OK is formed, which one is partially lost, partially distorted, and veiled with noise when the radiation image is converted into an optical one. The optical image is analyzed by operator, and the result of the control depends from his physical and emotional state.This article presents a phased analysis of the entire radiation monitoring system. The first stage is the radiation image formation. Theoretical estimate of X-ray inspection system minimum detected defect size was made using space frequency spectrum analysis. The second stage is the transformation of the radiation image into an optical one. We represented the simulation of this process and obtained a modulation of how the operator sees the X-ray optical image and makes a decision about the OC state. Analyzed the X-ray digital image formation and determined the energy choice criteria when applied digital radiography.
Applicability of Notch Stress-Strain Correction Methods to Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction of Turbine Rotors Subjected to Thermomechanical Loads
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Mariusz , Dudda Waldemar 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper analyses the possibility of using analytical methods of notch stress-strain correction in low-cycle fatigue life predictions of steam turbine rotors operating under non-isothermal conditions. The assessment was performed by comparing strain amplitudes calculated using the Neuber and Glinka-Molski methods and those predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA) employing elastic-plastic material model. The results of investigations reveal that the Neuber method provides an upper bound limit, while the Glinka-Molski method results in a lower bound limit of strain amplitude. In the case of rotor heat grooves, both methods provide equally accurate results of notch strain amplitude and are suited to estimating lower and upper bound limits of low-cycle fatigue life under non-isothermal conditions.
Full-Scale Dynamometer Test of Composite Railway Brake Shoes – Study on the Effect of the Reinforcing Fibre Type
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
When designing or developing friction materials, it is crucial to predict how the modification of the formulation will affect their properties. Fibres are introduced in the composition of the phenolic-based brake friction materials to improve their mechanical strength. Apart from reinforcing the composite, fibres can also affect its tribological and thermophysical properties. In this study two composite friction materials are compared. The difference between the materials was the type of reinforcing fibre used in the formulation – in one case it was glass fibre, in the other steel fibre. Thermal diffusivity of both materials was measured and thermal conductivity was calculated. Frictional characteristics determined by means of full-scale dynamometer tests are analysed and discussed. Substitution of glass fibre with steel fibre led to increase in the friction coefficient. Maximum average temperature below wheel surface, observed during the test of the material containing steel fibre, was lower as compared to the test results of the material with glass fibre in its formulation, despite higher heat flux in the course of brake applications. Thermal conductivity of the friction material was enhanced by including steel fibre in the formulation.
Use of 3D Simulation to Design Theoretical and Real Pipe Inspection Mobile Robot Model
Authors: Baranowski Leszek , Siwek Michał 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The main aim of the paper is to present the process of design pipe inspection mobile robot by using 3D simulations. Next methods and processes of making designed components was described. Finally, functional tests of a constructed real robot model such as speed tests, inclined pipe test was carried out. The robot was specifically designed to inspect sewer pipelines. The mobile robot is equipped with a vision system. The structure of the pipe inspection robot allows adjustments to the geometrical parameters of the robot to suit the sewer pipes diameters by using in the construction of a pneumatic system with an actuator.
Biaxial Loading of a Plate Containing a Hole and Two Co-Axial Through Cracks
Authors: Sulym Heorgij , Opanasovych Viktor , Slobodian Mykola , Yarema Yevhen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the solution linear elasticity problem for an isotropic plate weakened by a hole and two co-axial cracks. The plate is exerted by uniform traction at infinity. The corresponding 2D problem is solved by the method of Kolosova-Muskhelishvili complex potentials. The method implies reduction of the problem to simultaneous singular integral equations (SIE) for the functions defined the region of the cracks and hole. For particular case the solution the SIE is obtained analytically in a closed form. A thorough analysis of the stress intensity factors (SIF) is carried out for various cases of the hole shape: penny-shaped, elliptical and rectangular.
Does Sodium Citrate Cause the Same Ergogenic Effect as Sodium Bicarbonate on Swimming Performance?
Authors: Kumstát Michal , Hlinský Tomáš , Struhár Ivan , Thomas Andy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (SB) and sodium citrate (SC) on 400 m high-intensity swimming performance and blood responses. Six nationally ranked male swimmers (20.7 ± 2.1 yrs; 184 ± 6 cm; 79.9 ± 3.9 kg; 10.6 ± 1% body fat) participated in a double blinded, placebo controlled crossover trial. Ninety minutes after consuming SB (0.3 g·kg-1), SC (0.3 g·kg-1) or a placebo (PL) participants completed a single 400-m freestyle maximal test on three consecutive days. The order of the supplementation was randomized. Capillary blood samples were collected on 4 occasions: at rest (baseline), 60 min post-ingestion, immediately post-trial and 15 min post-trial. Blood pH, HCO3- concentration and base excess (BE) were determined. Blood pH, HCO3-, BE were significantly elevated from before loading to the pre-test (60 min post-ingestion) (p < 0.05) after SB ingestion, but not after SC ingestion (p > 0.05). Performance times were improved by 0.6% (p > 0.05) after supplementation of SB over PL in 5 out of 6 participants (responders). In contrast, ingestion of SC decreased performance by 0.2% (p > 0.05). No side effects were observed in either trial. Delayed blood response was observed after SC ingestion compared to SB and this provided no or modest ergogenic effect, respectively, for single bout high-intensity swimming exercise. Monitoring the magnitude of the time-to-peak level rise in alkalosis may be recommended in order to individualize the loading time accordingly before commencement of exercise.
Differences in Loading and Morphological Structure of the Take‐off and Non‐take‐off Limb in Athletics Jumping Events
Authors: Kutáč Petr , Uchytil Jaroslav 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess differences between the take-off and non-take-off limbs of athletes in track-and-field jumping events based on a segmental analysis of body composition as well as kinetic analysis. The research included 19 participants (10 males, 9 females) with an average age of 18.1 ± 2.8 years. We measured body height, body mass, body composition (body fat, fat free mass, bone mineral content and bone density) and segmental distribution of these variables. To assess strength of the lower limbs, we performed reaction force analysis during take-off and run symmetry. The difference in the representation of soft tissues between the take-off and non-take-off limbs was not significant; the differences were 0.06%, 0 kg in body fat and 0.01 kg in fat free mass. The differences in the values of bone matter were significant. The bone mineral content was 0.05 kg higher in the take-off limb (p < 0.001), and bone density was 0.07 g/cm2 higher (p < 0.001); the practical significance of the difference was intermediate (d = 0.5). Kinetic analysis showed that athletes exerted greater force on the pad with the take-off limb than the non-take-off limb when taking off while using arms in the first peak of the vertical force. The difference determined in this type of take-off was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the practical significance of the difference was medium (d = 0.7). The difference in the second peak of the vertical reaction force in the take-off arm was not statistically significant. The differences were reflected in the different bone matter compositions.
The Effect of Physical And Mental Stress on the Heart Rate, Cortisol and Lactate Concentrations in Rock Climbers
Authors: Magiera Artur , Roczniok Robert , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa , Kempa Katarzyna , Placek Oskar , Mostowik Aleksandra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Rock climbing is a physical activity that not only causes an increase in muscle tension, heart rate and blood pressure, but also results in the elevation of stress hormones including cortisol. It has not been established which of the above mentioned variables serve as the most accurate indicator of rock climbing-induced physical and mental stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical activity, short-term fatigue and mental demand on heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol (C) and blood plasma lactate (LA) concentrations in rock climbers under laboratory conditions. Twelve male and female rock climbers of comparable climbing performance (5a – 6b OS) were recruited. The participants completed two routes of different climbing difficulty (effect of physical demand), repeated a difficult route with a short 5-min recovery period three times (effect of fatigue), and repeated a difficult lead climb (effect of mental demand). Heart rate as well as C and LA concentrations were determined. The results indicated that more difficult climbing routes elicited increases in HR (especially relative values) and LA concentrations, whereas fatigue accumulation had an effect on climbing HR and relative C concentration values. Lead climbing only caused an increase in climbing HR. Based on the results it was concluded that HR was a good indicator of physical and mental stress intensity. Performing the same difficult route three times with a short recovery period in-between turned out to be the most demanding task and resulted in the highest increase of the cortisol concentration. Dynamics of changes in lactate concentrations depend on muscle loading (local muscular effort), lactate clearance and technical/tactical skills of the climber.
Work-rate Analysis of Substitute Players in Professional Soccer: Analysis of Seasonal Variations
Authors: Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Rey Ezequiel , Vidal Benjamín , García-Nuñez Javier 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate physical performance of substitute players versus those replaced or completing the entire match, determine physical performance of substitute players across different playing positions and examine variations in match-related running performance in substitute players throughout the entire competitive season. The sample was composed of 943 observations of professional players who participated in the first division of the Spanish League (La Liga) during the 2014-2015 season. The players were divided into three different groups: players who completed the entire match (n = 519), players who were replaced (n = 212) and substitute players (n = 212). Substitute players covered greater distances at medium and high intensity compared to the players who played the entire match and those who were replaced. Position-specific trends indicated that attackers and central midfielder increased the distance covered at high-intensity running compared to their peers who played the whole match. During the competitive season, it was observed that substitute players attained greater match running performance during the mid-season period, allowing them to cover more distance for different variables of running performance compared to the start and end of the season.
Effect of Different Feedback Modalities on Swimming Pace: Which Feedback Modality is Most Effective?
Authors: Altavilla Cesare , Cejuela Roberto , Caballero-Pérez Pablo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo compare the effect of three different feedback modalities on swimming pace, sixteen male swimmers and triathletes participated in this study. Each participant swam 3 x 400 m, one for each feedback modality, swimming front crawl at 80% of their individual swimming critical speed. Three feedback modalities were examined: self-pacing, real time visual feedback and real time voice feedback. The swimmers adopted a fast start in all feedback modalities. In the real time voice feedback modality, the data recorded during the second lap (200 m) showed a significant improvement of their swimming pace approaching the swimming pace intended (-1.47 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.79). A significant improvement toward the swimming pace intended was also noticed at the third split time (300 m) (0.05 s, p < .01, large effect size 0.81) and at the fourth split time (400 m) (0.46 s, p < .01, medium effect size 0.76). In self-pacing, the swimmers were not able to swim in line with the swimming pace intended. In real time visual feedback modality, the swimmers did not show a significant improvement approaching the swimming pace intended. The results revealed that communication with the swimmers using the real time voice feedback induced a significant improvement in their swimming pace and could help the athletes to swim with accurate and consistent pace.