bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s all about English: the interplay of monolingual ideologies, language policies and the U.S. Census Bureau’s statistics on multilingualism
Authors: Leeman Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, I argue that census language questions, policies and ideologies are intertwined and mutually reinforcing. Thus, critical analyses of census language questions must examine the specific policies for which language statistics are produced, as well as the ideologies that undergird those policies and the production of language statistics. After examining the history of language questions and related policies in the U.S., I apply this approach in an analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau’s current language question, arguing that U.S. language policy and official statistics on multilingualism are constrained by monolingual ideologies that center on English as the key point of reference and the marker of full personhood and national belonging. My analysis focuses on four interrelated realms: (1) U.S. language policy and its emphasis on “Limited English Proficiency” in assigning language rights; (2) the broader ideological context; (3) the language question itself; and (4) the impact of language ideologies on survey design and data collection within the U.S. Census Bureau.
How to ask questions on language? Ideological struggles in the making of a state survey
Authors: Duchêne Alexandre , Humbert Philippe N. , Coray Renata 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the conducting of a state survey on language and to highlight the ideological tensions that are embedded in the search for an appropriate formulation of a question, as well as in the conduct of the survey interviews. Relying on historiographic data, as well as on interactional data, and focusing on the opening question of the survey that deals with the main language(s) of the respondent, defined as the language(s) they know the best, we first explore the origin and the history of this question in the Swiss census. Second, we examine how, by whom, and with what rationales the main language question has been formulated and selected within in the most recent survey. Finally, we analyze how this question is enacted in the interactions between interviewers and respondents. By engaging in a genealogical examination of language questions in Swiss censuses, we provide insight into the ideological formation in which these questions are embedded, revealing conflicting and ambiguous interests, thus implying complications and uncertainties with regard to interpretations of available census data.
Language and ethnic statistics in twentieth century Sudanese censuses and surveys
Authors: Miller Catherine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe article investigates the creation of language statistics in the Sudan, from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the division of the country into two states. Like many other African countries, Sudan is characterized by a high degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity that has participated in the fueling of murderous civil wars since independence. The article recontextualizes the construction of the ethno-linguistic categories and statistics within their broader political and administrative contexts. It analyzes the objectives and output of each type of statistics and questions their influence on the foreign and native representations of Sudanese society.
Generating predictions based on semantic categories in a second language: A case of numeral classifiers in Japanese
Authors: Mitsugi Sanako 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examined whether native Japanese speakers and second language (L2) speakers of Japanese use information from numeral classifiers to predict possible referents. Using a visual-world eye-tracking paradigm, we asked participants to identify picture objects that take either the same or different numeral classifiers while they listened to Japanese sentences referring to one object. The results showed that native speakers looked to the target predictively more often when the classifier was informative about noun identity than when it was not. L2 learners also showed a facilitative effect of classifiers that was comparable to that of native speakers. In addition, we found that the level of proficiency played a role in the speed of real-time referent resolutions when the participants heard the target nouns in audio input. However, such an effect was not observed during the period when the predictions were generated.
Fetal brain development in diabetic pregnancies and normal controls
Authors: Ruth Gründahl Friederike , Hammer Kerstin , Braun Janina , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Köster Helen Ann , Möllers Mareike , Steinhard Johannes , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the fetal brain structures assessed in routine sonographic scans during the second and third trimesters in diabetic and normal pregnancies.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we measured the head circumference (HC), the transversal diameter of the cerebellum (TCD) and the sizes of the cisterna magna (CM), the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and the lateral ventricles (LV) in stored sonographic scans between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation. We compared 231 fetuses of diabetic mothers (diabetic group) to 231 fetuses of normal pregnancies (control group) matched by gestational age. The diabetic group was divided into three subgroups: pre-existing maternal diabetes, diet-controlled gestational diabetes and insulin-dependent gestational diabetes.

Results:
The mean widths of the CSP and LV were larger in fetuses of diabetic mothers in comparison with the controls (P<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). The sizes of HC, CM and TCD were similar in both groups. These results were consistent across the three subgroups.

Conclusions:
Diabetes is associated with altered fetal brain development. We would like to introduce the increased widths of CSP and LV as potential markers for gestational diabetes.
Speed Adaptation in Cycle Duration and EMG During Running at Different Terrain and Ground Conditions
Authors: Nilsson Johnny , Gjerset Asbjörn , Johansen Egil , Lund Mikkel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The purpose was to study how important stride parameters such as the cycle duration, electromoygraphical (EMG) burst duration and activation level change with running speed and with change in terrain and ground conditions. In total six male regional to national level elite orienteers participated in the study. Mean (range), height and weight were 25 (19-32) years, 180 (1.74-1.88)m and 71 (67-75)kg. Hip joint angular displacement was determined by means of an electrogoniometer. The electrical activity in m. vastus lateralis (VL) of the right leg was recorded with bipolar surface electrodes taped over the belly of the muscles. Electrogoniometric and EMG data were recorded by means of a portable data logger at a rate of 1000 Hz. The time between markers in test intervals was recorded by means of an ultra sound based timing system (Time-it, Eleiko AB, Sweden). The participating orienteers performed, after a warming up period, runs on four different horizontal ground surfaces; gravel road, forest terrain (low density undergrowth), timber felling and wet moss. The recordings were done during running in four different constant self determined speeds: slow, medium, fast (competition speed) and maximum speed. The cycle duration decreased in a similar manner with speed during running in all the tested terrain conditions and gravel road. The burst duration of the knee extensor m. vastus lateralis showed the same trend as the change in cycle duration with speed. The same increasing trend in mean EMG activation level with speed is seen in all terrain conditions and gravel road. However, specific differences between terrain and surface conditions in cycle duration, burst duration and EMG amplitude were present.
Nordic Walking – A Versatile Physical Activity Fit for Everyone (A Literature Review)
Authors: Piech Krzysztof , Piech Jakub , Grants Juris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The topic of Nordic walking shows the main points of scientific interest concerning form of physical exercise. Existing research mainly focuses on presenting it as beneficial for the elderly. The authors of the topic are presenting the advantages of pole walking for distinctive age groups. There are a number of publications concerning elderly women specifically. Nordic walking is also an object of interest in biomechanical studies. There is an apparent shortage of publications on the utility of this kind of physical activity for children and the young. This seems to be a frequent shortcoming of the research methodology, as it is difficult to deduce whether the study is based on the correct Nordic walking technique or rather on walking with poles as a bracing device. At the same time there is no data concerning Nordic walking as a competitive sport which has been developing dynamically.
Effect of High-Speed and Plyometric Training for 13-Year-Old Male Soccer Players on Acceleration and Agility Performance
Authors: Mathisen Gunnar Elling 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Acceleration, sprint and agility performance are crucial in sports like soccer. There are few studies regarding the effect of training on youth soccer players in agility performance and in sprint distances shorter than 30 meter. Therefore, the aim of the recent study was to examine the effect of a high-intensity sprint and plyometric training program on 13-year-old male soccer players. A training group of 14 adolescent male soccer players, mean age (±SD) 13.5 years (±0.24) followed an eight week intervention program for one hour per week, and a group of 12 adolescent male soccer players of corresponding age, mean age 13.5 years (±0.23) served as control a group. Pre- and post-tests assessed 10-m linear sprint, 20-m linear sprint and agility performance. Results showed a significant improvement in agility performance, pre 8.23 s (±0.34) to post 7.69 s (± 0.34) (p<0.01), and a significant improvement in 0-20m linear sprint, pre 3.54s (±0.17) to post 3.42s (±0.18) (p<0.05). In 0-10m sprint the participants also showed an improvement, pre 2.02s (±0.11) to post 1.96s (± 0.11), however this was not significant. The correlation between 10-m sprint and agility was r = 0.53 (p<0.01), and between 20-m linear sprint and agility performance, r = 0.67 (p<0.01). The major finding in the study is the significant improvement in agility performance and in 0-20 m linear sprint in the intervention group. These findings suggest that organizing the training sessions with short-burst high-intensity sprint and plyometric exercises interspersed with adequate recovery time, may result in improvements in both agility and in linear sprint performance in adolescent male soccer players. Another finding is the correlation between linear sprint and agility performance, indicating a difference when compared to adults.
The Image of a Physical Education Teacher as Seen by School Community
Authors: Rutkowska Katarzyna , Zalech Mirosław 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research was to get to know the image of physical education (PE) teachers as seen by themselves and to compare it with how it is perceived by school community. The study included 148 teachers and 171 final-year students from upper-secondary schools. As a result of purposive sampling and random-purposive sampling, three groups were distinguished. The groups included PE teachers (n=22), teachers of other subjects (n=22) and students (n=22). The data were gathered using ACL-37 (Adjective Check List) developed by G. Gough and A. B. Heilbrun. The findings revealed a number of significant differences between how PE teachers perceive themselves and how they are seen by their students and colleagues (teachers of other subjects). It turned out that PE teachers perceive themselves in a more positive manner than the other groups.
Are There Differences in Motives Between Participants in Individual Sports Compared to Team Sports?
Authors: Jakobsen Arne Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore which motives dominate among adolescents when it comes to participation in individual versus team sports. We expected that intrinsic motives will dominate in both groups. We also had a hypothesis that those who compete in individual sport will have higher scores on intrinsic and lower on extrinsic motivation than those in team sport. We also expected that intrinsic motives would explain why they had chosen individual sports instead of team sport. The participants were 78 athletes, 39 in team sports and 39 in individual. Participants’ motives were assessed with the Motives for Physical Activity Measure - Revised (MPAM-R). The extrinsic motive “fitness” had highest score in both groups, followed by the intrinsic motives “interest/enjoyment” and “competence”. The only motive with a difference between team and individual sport was the intrinsic motive interest/enjoyment. The participants in team sport had a higher score on interest/enjoyment than those in individual sport. We conducted a regression analyze to explain why pupils chose individual instead of team sports. “Interest/enjoyment” had an explanation when we included this as a single independent variable. If they participated in team sport they had a higher score on the intrinsic motive “interest/enjoyment”. When we included all the motives none of them had an explanation. In conclusion we could not find any differences in motives for participation in team versus individual sport. We also only partly found support for the assumption that adolescents mostly are intrinsic motivated for participating in sport.
Physical Activities and Body Composition Among Women in Fitness
Authors: Čuprika Aleksandra , Fernāte Andra , Čupriks Leonīds 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nowadays sedentary lifestyle is becoming more and more frequent all over the world. Obesity represents one of the most serious health issues (Hill et al., 2008). It develops because of misbalance between energy intake and consumption, which results from human behavior – feeding behavior, leisure time spent physiology and life quality objective factors (Haslam & James, 2005). The aim of the research is to describe women’s involved in fitness relation of body composition parameters and subjective evaluation of the amount of physical activities and objective parameters of life quality. Research methods: the study included 51 women (27 +/- 6 years old). TANITA BC-545 platform was applied to evaluate body composition parameters and IPAQ short version was used to state the amount of physical activities. SPSS ver.17.0 data procession program was applied to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mode, mean); mathematical statistics (One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Spearman rank correlation) was made. Results: the research showed that there is a number of weak significant correlations between women’s in fitness body composition parameters, the amount of physical activities, the habits of spending leisure and the life quality objective factors (0.2<|rs|<0.49; p< 0.05). Whereas there were noted strong (0.7<|rs|<0.99; p<0.01) and moderate (0.5<|rs|<0.69; p<0.01) correlations among body composition parameters. Conclusions: Women’s, involved in fitness physical activities, life quality objective factors and the habits of spending leisure have the impact on the body composition parameters.
Outdoor Recreation and Well-Being of 45-55 Years Old People
Authors: Kundziņa Ieva , Grants Juris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Physical activity plays a fundamental role not only in improving the physical health, but also in increasing the well-being (Biddle, Mutrie, 2002, 2007). The aim of the study was to discover how the natural means for outdoor recreation (biking, Nordic walking, cross-country skiing) influence the positive and negative emotions of the 45-55 year-old people. Methods of research: “FaceReader 3.0” (testing positive and negative emotions), pulsometry, case study, analysis of qualitative data and mathematical - statistical methods of data processing. The obtained results after carrying out recreational activities indicate a tendency to increase. The most significant increase in the percentage of positive emotions was observed in those participants who performed a ride on a bike – increase in emotion of joy +266.4%, increase in emotion of surprise +140.6% and decrease in negative emotions – sadness -41.0%; anger -56.3%; disgust -71.2% (p> 0.05). Nordic walking, increases the level of joy by +121.0%, surprise level by +13.4% (p>0.05). An increase in positive emotions was observed in cross-country skiers – in joy emotions + 19.3% and in surprise emotions + 2.9% (p> 0.05). Analyzing the FR negative emotions data, a decrease was observed – in sadness -24.7% and in anger – 21.7% (p> 0.05). Physical Recreation – cycling, Nordic walking and cross-country skiing outdoors, with applied load of 50 minutes with intensity of 65 – 70% of maximum heart rate, improves the positive emotions.
Genetic testing: ethical aspects
Authors: Bin Paola , Conti Adelaide , Capasso Emanuele , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Policino Fabio , Casella Claudia , Delbon Paola , Graziano Vincenzo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the main issues related to the application of predictive medicine by analysing the most significant ethical implications.
Genetic medicine is indeed a multidisciplinary matter that covers broad contexts, sometimes transversely. Its extreme complexity, coupled with possible perceived repercussions on an individual’s life, involves important issues in the ethical, deontological and legal medical field.
The aspects related to the execution of genetic testing have to be addressed at different levels, starting with the correct information about the “cognitive” meaning they intend (by forcefully disassociating it from the strange “preventive aspect”) to the legal medical issues that can be aroused in the field of forensic pathology, medical responsibility and insurance. There is no doubt that in recent years, from the decoding of the human genome, genetic research has exponentially expanded with an equally exponential increase in its use in clinical practice and the ethical and social evolution of it.
Increasing trust in human–robot medical interactions: effects of transparency and adaptability
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Weigelin Hanna Mareike , Bodenhagen Leon 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we examine trust in a human-robot medical interaction. We focus on the influence of transparency and robot adaptability on people’s trust in a human-robot blood pressure measuring scenario. Our results show that increased transparency, i.e. robot explanations of its own actions designed to make the process and robot behaviors and capabilities accessible to the user, has a consistent effect on people’s trust and perceived comfort. In contrast, robot adaptability, i.e., the opportunity to adjust the robot’s position according to users’ needs, influences users’ evaluations of the robot as trustworthy only marginally. Our qualitative analyses indicate that this is due to the fact that transparency and adaptability are complex factors; the investigation of the interactional dynamics shows that users have very specific needs, and that adaptability may have to be paired with responsivity in order to make people feel in control.
Impact of Safta on Capital Market Integration of South Asia: Evidence from Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Zahid R. M. Ammar , Khurshid Muzammil 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Regional Trade agreements (RTAs) are increasing worldwide because of associated economic benefits such as increased cross border investment and trade, development and integration markets. This paper investigates how South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) impact on the integration of South Asian capital markets. Weekly data of capital market indices of three countries (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) have been analyzed for overall (1998-2017) and two sub periods, 1998-2006 (Pre SAFTA) and 2009-2017 (Post SAFTA). Correlation coefficients, Unit root tests and Johansen and Juselius (JJ) Cointegration technique has been applied to access the integration between the markets. The main findings suggest that integration between the South Asian capital markets has been increased in Post-SAFTA period. The evidence that SAFTA pact results in increased integration of regional capital markets has important implications for investors and policymakers.
Recent progress and challenges in membrane-based O2/N2separation
Authors: Himma Nurul F. , Wardani Anita K. , Prasetya Nicholaus , Aryanti Putu T.P. , Wenten I Gede 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompared with current conventional technologies, oxygen/nitrogen (O2/N2) separation using membrane offers numerous advantages, especially in terms of energy consumption, footprint, and capital cost. However, low product purity still becomes the major challenge for commercialization of membrane-based technologies. Therefore, numerous studies on membrane development have been conducted to improve both membrane properties and separation performance. Various materials have been developed to obtain membranes with high O2permeability and high O2/N2selectivity, including polymer, inorganic, and polymer-inorganic composite materials. The results showed that most of the polymer membranes are suitable for production of low to moderate purity O2and for production of high-purity N2. Meanwhile, perovskite membrane can be used to produce a high-purity oxygen. Furthermore, the developments of O2/N2separation using membrane broaden the applications of oxygen enrichment for oxy-combustion, gasification, desulfurization, and intensification of air oxidation reactions, while nitrogen enrichment is also important for manufacturing pressure-sensitive adhesive and storing and handling free-radical polymerization monomers.
Ganz normale Verwaltungen?
Authors: Eden Sören , Marx Henry , Schulz Ulrike 
Published: July 2018

Vorspann
Aufarbeitungsforschung hat Konjunktur in Deutschland. Vor allem Organisationen der öffentlichen Verwaltung lassen in jüngster Zeit ihre Geschichte in der NS-Zeit und die Folgen wissenschaftlich untersuchen. Oft stehen dabei die NS-Belastung des Personals und einzelne Politikfelder im Zentrum, weniger die wissenschaftliche Analyse des Verwaltungshandelns an sich. Sören Eden, Henry Marx und Ulrike Schulz, die im Rahmen der Unabhängigen Historikerkommission zur Aufarbeitung der Geschichte des Reichsarbeitsministeriums im Nationalsozialismus tätig und damit einschlägig ausgewiesen sind, entwickeln hier einen organisationssoziologisch inspirierten Ansatz, der über die Grenzen konventioneller Verwaltungsgeschichte hinausweist.