bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circonvolutions numériques : lorsque la public diplomacy des États-Unis se mettait à l’heure des réseaux sociaux
Authors: Ricaud Raphaël 
Published: March 2018

En 2011, Judith McHale présenta le « Printemps arabe » et l’accès à l’information que permettaient les réseaux sociaux comme un double électrochoc qui allait profondément modifier la diplomatie publique (public diplomacy) des États-Unis. Or, d’autres forces étaient à l’œuvre. Une communication diplomatique incorporant les réseaux sociaux fut théorisée, débattue, mise en avant et promue bien en amont de la « révolution de jasmin ». D’une part, le paradigme communicationnel qui sous-tendait le type de diplomatie publique pratiqué par le gouvernement Bush fils était en effet inadapté au Moyen-Orient. D’autre part, les réseaux sociaux étaient dans l’air du temps lors du premier mandat Obama. Facebook, Twitter et autres applications furent donc intégrées à la communication diplomatique américaine, mais de manière prudente. En définitive, à l’instar de la diplomatie, la diplomatie publique connue une évolution et non une révolution.
Le Premier Amendement, élément paradoxal de la diplomatie publique religieuse des États-Unis au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Gayte Marie 
Published: March 2018

Le 11-Septembre et les guerres menées par les États-Unis par la suite ont suscité une prise de conscience chez les Américains des soupçons de mépris, voire de franche hostilité envers l’islam dont les États-Unis font l’objet dans nombre de pays du Moyen-Orient. Pour éviter que cette méfiance à connotation religieuse ne vienne alimenter l’extrémisme violent dans la région, la diplomatie américaine s’est tournée vers une diplomatie publique religieuse. En cela, elle s’est affranchie de la première clause religieuse du Premier Amendement à la Constitution, longtemps interprétée comme interdisant tout recours à la religion. La diplomatie américaine se prévaut au contraire de la seconde clause religieuse de l’amendement, celle qui garantit la liberté religieuse. L’objectif est de façonner un message qui consiste à promouvoir au Moyen-Orient l’image d’une Amérique ouverte et tolérante envers l’islam. Ce recours à l’outil religieux montre néanmoins ses limites dans la mesure où il est difficile de dépasser l’approche à sens unique ainsi que celle visant à favoriser l’émergence dans la région d’un islam « américano-compatible ».
Vers la fin de la prohibition ? Convergences et disparités des initiatives de régulation du cannabis aux États-Unis
Authors: Obradovic Ivana 
Published: March 2018

Pendant plusieurs décennies, les États-Unis ont compté parmi les garde-fous de la prohibition posée par les conventions de l’ONU sur les stupéfiants en se posant comme l’un des pays les plus sévères en matière de « guerre à la drogue ». Pourtant, en cinq ans, huit États sur cinquante ont franchi une étape inédite dans la régulation du cannabis en légalisant sa culture, sa vente, sa détention et sa consommation à des fins récréatives pour les adultes âgés d’au moins 21 ans, en dépit de l’interdit fédéral. Aujourd’hui, dans le troisième pays le plus peuplé du monde, un habitant sur cinq expérimente ainsi un nouveau système de régulation du cannabis par le marché légal, en dépit de l’interdit fédéral. La légalisation du cannabis « récréatif » vient complexifier une situation contrastée où 29 États fédérés sur 50 (et Washington DC) autorisent déjà l’usage thérapeutique de cannabis. Cette contribution décrit les processus engagés dans les États qui ont, depuis 2012, légalisé la détention et la vente de cannabis à des fins récréatives, afin d’identifier les propriétés et les conditions de possibilité d’une telle réforme. Elle souligne que ce changement peut être rapporté à plusieurs éléments de contexte, en premier lieu l’élection de Barack Obama à la présidence des États-Unis en 2008. L’analyse se prolonge avec un état des lieux des modèles de régulation mis en œuvre, soulignant leurs convergences et leurs disparités.
Point de vue. Ukraine : un nouveau plan
Authors: Gardner Hall 
Published: March 2018

Ce texte d’opinion plaide pour un règlement géopolitique commun entre les Etats-Unis, l’Union Européenne et la Russie sur le conflit en cours en Ukraine orientale et sur les conséquences de l’annexion de la Crimée. Il est absolument essentiel de considérer un règlement général avec Moscou qui se traduirait par une Ukraine décentralisée et formellement neutre pour plusieurs raisons : 1- empêcher une nouvelle partition de l’Ukraine, sinon de l’Europe dans son ensemble ; 2- empêcher la dissolution de l’OTAN et une tension toujours accrue en Europe ; 3- éviter progressivement une alliance militaire plus étroite de la Russie avec la Chine, l’Iran, la Turquie, et certains autres Etats ; 4- empêcher la possibilité réelle d’une nouvelle course aux armements très onéreuse qui, cette fois, mènerait à une guerre mondiale.
Corporate social responsibility and earnings management of South African companies
Authors: Jordaan Lauren A. , De Klerk Marna , De Villiers Charl J. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Enron was considered a strong corporate social performer when their infamous accounting scandal emerged in 2000. Literature suggests that companies use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to disguise corporate misconduct. Aim and Setting: This study examines one type of corporate misconduct, namely, earnings management (EM). Prior studies have found significant associations between CSR performance and EM; however, none of these studies controlled for CSR disclosure. This study unbundles the effects of CSR performance and CSR disclosure on EM. To examine the relationship between CSR performance and CSR disclosures and EM of listed South African companies. Methods: A company included on the Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)1 index is used as an indicator of CSR performance. Four measures of CSR disclosure are used. Results and conclusion: The study tests both CSR performance and CSR disclosure against both real earnings management (REM) and accrual-based earnings management (AEM). CSR performance and earnings management: Companies with better CSR performance were more likely to engage in EM through income increasing discretionary accruals. This suggests that managers who inflate earnings may engage in CSR activities to avoid unwanted scrutiny from stakeholders. Companies with better CSR performance were less likely to engage in REM, suggesting that managers with better CSR performance regard the management of earnings through accruals that reverse in the next period less incriminating than managing earnings through actual company resources. CSR disclosure and earnings management: Companies that integrated their CSR disclosures more into their annual report engaged less in income decreasing discretionary accruals, suggesting that managers with incentives to make more CSR disclosures to reduce information asymmetry will also be less inclined to manage earnings.
New perspectives on the role of customer satisfaction and commitment in promoting customer citizenship behaviours
Authors: Van Tonder Estelle , De Beer Leon T. 
Published: March 2018

Background: It is widely accepted that the relationship quality dimensions of customer satisfaction and commitment may impact on customer citizenship behaviour. The positive effect of customer satisfaction on customer commitment is also undisputed within the relationship marketing literature. Aim: It was the aim of this study to examine the extent to which customer commitment mediates and strengthens the relationship between customers’ perceived satisfaction and their citizenship behaviour. In the context of Internet banking, the study aimed to examine the extent to which customer’s commitment towards the service provider (the bank) strengthens the relationship between satisfaction with the service provided (Internet banking) and customer citizenship behaviour (consumer advocacy and the helping of other customers). Setting: The study was conducted in the South African Internet banking environment, which could benefit from a model of factors contributing to customer citizenship behaviour, specifically the sub-dimensions of consumer advocacy and helping behaviour. Methods: A descriptive and quantitative research design was followed and the survey responses obtained from 491 existing users of Internet banking services were used in the analysis. Results: Following the structural equation model results, the direct relationships between all constructs were confirmed. Customer commitment, however, has only a partial mediating effect on the relationships between customer satisfaction and the sub-dimensions of consumer advocacy and helping behaviour. Conclusions: From a theoretical perspective, the research findings provide more insight into the role of customer satisfaction and commitment in contributing to customer citizenship behaviour and the extent to which both relationship quality factors are needed in order to do so. From a practical perspective, banks should adapt their marketing strategies to facilitate greater relationships with customers responsible for citizenship behaviours. Customers promoting the benefits of the service to other customers and helping them to use the service may ultimately contribute to greater adoption and use of Internet banking services.
Review of policy and legislative framework for disability services in Namibia
Authors: Shumba Tonderai W. , Moodley Indres 
Published: March 2018

Background: The Namibian policies and legislative framework were reviewed to determine the extent to which the needs of persons with disabilities were met and aligned with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Further, the disability legislative framework of Namibia is compared with that of other southern African countries.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of policy and legal framework which addresses the needs and rights of persons with disabilities in Namibia from 1990 to 2016. A qualitative approach employing a case study design was used. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the policies and legislation for alignment with the UNCRPD and how Namibia compares with other southern African countries is discussed.Results: Four policies, one piece of legislation and one international instrument were identified as directly related to disability. Community-based rehabilitation was adopted as the main strategy for rehabilitation. Alignment of the policy and legal framework with the UNCRPD was found to be minimal. Furthermore, most of the legislation in southern Africa was formulated before the existence of the UNCRPD in 2006.Conclusion: Although much progress has been made in meeting the needs of persons with disabilities, key implementation issues to be addressed include central coordination, overlapping strategies, disability models and gender differences. There is a need for the policy and legal framework of Namibia and other southern African countries to be more responsive to the human rights needs of persons with disabilities.Clinical implications: The study offers insights in reviewing disability policy and legal frameworks in southern Africa for influencing disability service delivery. Future studies can investigate the progress of implementation of disability policy and legal framework from the perspectives of implementers and recipients of services.
Spectral Flow Argument Localizing an Odd Index Pairing
Authors: Loring Terry A. , Schulz-Baldes Hermann 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn odd Fredholm module for a given invertible operator on a Hilbert space is specified by an unbounded so-called Dirac operator with compact resolvent and bounded commutator with the given invertible. Associated with this is an index pairing in terms of a Fredholm operator with Noether index. Here it is shown by a spectral flow argument how this index can be calculated as the signature of a finite dimensional matrix called the spectral localizer.
Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ)
Authors: Wennberg Peter , Sundqvist Kristina 
Published: March 2018

The Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ) is a self-report instrument containing 15 items to assess individual motives or reasons to gamble. This study presents psychometric data on the Swedish version of the instrument with a focus on factor structure. A Swedish sample (N = 19,530) was screened for risk gambling with the Lie/Bet questionnaire, the effective study sample (n = 237) consisting of respondents with a positive answer on this questionnaire who agreed to participate in an additional postal questionnaire and had no missing items on the RGQ. The originally proposed subscales of the instrument fit the data poorly and a slightly different five-factor solution was suggested. We conclude that the RGQ needs further revision and that the dimensionality of gambling motives is a question that deserves further attention. RésuméLe questionnaire sur les raisons du jeu (RGQ) est un instrument d’auto-évaluation proposant quinze points d’évaluation des motivations ou raisons de jouer. Cette étude présente quelques données psychométriques sur la version suédoise du questionnaire en mettant l’accent sur la structure factorielle. Un échantillon suédois (n = 19 530) a été soumis à l’examen pour déterminer le jeu à risque à l’aide du questionnaire Lie-Bet, et l’échantillon efficace (N = 237) était formé de répondants ayant obtenu un résultat positif au questionnaire Lie-Bet, ayant accepté de participer à un questionnaire supplémentaire par la poste et n’ayant omis aucun élément dans le RGQ. La sous-échelle du questionnaire proposée à l’origine a mal adapté les données, et on a proposé une solution à cinq facteurs légèrement différente. En conclusion, le RGQ doit être révisé, et la dimensionnalité des raisons du jeu est une question qui mérite une attention accrue.
Jewish American Literature: A Scholar's Map
Authors: Cronin Gloria L. , Steiner Makayla C. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In the new millennium, Jewish American literature is rarely taught within its own tradition in America's English departments. This bibliographical essay provides a scholar's gateway map replete with headnotes and introductory explanations of the primary divisions and subdivisions of the relevant academic traditions of Jews writing in America. Accordingly, it covers Jews in American history; anthologies; encyclopedias; bibliographies; periodicals; Hebrew, Sephardic, and Yiddish traditions; Holocaust materials; Jewish American poetry, drama, fiction, memoirs, women writers, gay and lesbian writers, comic books, graphic novels, humor, folklore, and literary theory. It also delineates all major periods in Jewish literary production such as Yiddish theater, immigrant literature, early twentieth-century fiction, the so-called Jewish Decades (1950–70), Holocaust literature, the Jewish American literary resurgence (1980–present), and the New York literary resurgence (2000–present).
Willa Cather's Tauchnitz Editions and Their Role in Establishing Her European and Worldwide Reputation, 1926–47
Authors: Johanningsmeier Charles 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This article documents Willa Cather's involvement with the Tauchnitz publishing firm of Leipzig, Germany, which between 1926 and 1936 reprinted, in English, seven Cather novels and one short story collection; it also published one of her short stories along with other materials as a textbook for German students learning English. The article documents Cather's motivations for allowing Tauchnitz to reprint her works, the methods by which copies of these volumes were circulated throughout Europe and elsewhere in the world, and the ways in which international readers interacted with them. Although these Tauchnitz volumes performed important work in promoting Cather as an important American author to European and world audiences, at the same time they likely contributed to her being seen less as a writer of avant-garde modernist texts and more as a relatively traditional author of American regionalist realism.
William Gaddis: The “Human Shambles”
Authors: Knight Christopher J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Joseph Tabbi's Nobody Grew But the Business: On the Life and Work of William Gaddis purports to be both a biography of the great American novelist and a critical examination of his work. Tabbi's heart, however, is less in the space of the biographer, though he adds interesting information this way, than in that of the critic interested especially in Gaddis's second novel, J R (1976), understood here as a “prescient vision” of the corporatization of American experience and how systems, in general, operate.
Challenges Facing Clinical Research: An Example From a Middle Eastern Country
Authors: Zekri Jamal 
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION: Most countries thrive to build and expand national research. Challenges may hinder clinical researchers and potential researchers particularly in developing countries. We aim to study some of these challenges in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: A questionnaire reflecting possible challenges was completed by delegates and faculties of 5 cancer related educational scientific meetings.RESULTS: One hundred and forty seven responders were practicing in KSA and are the subject of this report. Ninety five (64.6%) were physicians. While 122 (83%) are interested in conducting research, service commitments and inadequate time, process of research approval within the department and obtaining financial funding were the most frequent challenges reported by 86 (58.5%), 61 (41.5%) and 53 (36.1%) of responders.CONCLUSION: Major challenges hinder clinical research development. The identified challenges need to be seriously addressed if advances in clinical research are to be expected.
Development and Validation of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Specific Detection of Porcine Serum Albumin in Food
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Xudong , Teng Shuang , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Food allergies are a potential food safety and public health concern worldwide. To assure the safety of people who experience allergic reactions, it is necessary to establish effective and reliable methods for rapid detection of food allergens. This paper reports an innovative method for the rapid detection and analysis of porcine serum albumin (PSA), known as a major allergen in pork, based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The antibodies known to have a high bioactivity against PSA were verified by competitive indirect-ELISA and then immobilized on the SPR sensor surface, thus allowing them to capture PSA. The developed SPR demonstrated a linear range from 1.0 to 450 ng/mL for the measurement of PSA with a detection limit of 19.81 ng/mL. Within-day RSD (1.97–4.02%) and between-day RSD (1.88–4.15%) were no more than 5%. The SPR was evaluated for analysis of six commercial food samples and showed almost perfect agreement between the results obtained by ELISA test kits without significant differences (P &gt; 0.05). Therefore, this assay permits accurate, specific, and sensitive detection of PSA in pork and pork products.
A LINGUAGEM JORNALÍSTICA E O FEMININO NA GUERRA: UM OLHAR SOBRE A PRESENÇA DAS MULHERES NA COBERTURA DA GUERRA DO CONTESTADO
Authors: Grimes Suelen Ramos , Couto Nádia Regia Almeida , Formentin Claudia Nandi 
Published: March 2018

Este estudo objetiva verificar a cobertura da imprensa catarinense acerca da Guerra do Contestado, mais especificamente do jornal O Dia. Dentre as edições relacionadas ao tema, foram selecionadas oito que abordam a mulher participante do conflito. A pesquisa contextualiza a guerra e também a participação feminina, fundamental em diversos aspectos, inclusive na linha de frente das batalhas. Por meio de autores como Beauvoir, Bourdieu e Wolf as questões de gênero e construções sociais em torno do tema são evidenciadas, integrando às narrativas de historiadores e autores que se dedicaram a estudar a Guerra do Contestado, como Nilson Thomé, Delmir José Valentini e Marli Auras e fazendo um contraponto com o material encontrado nas páginas de O Dia. Com a análise percebeu-se que as mulheres não tiveram visibilidade perante a cobertura jornalística, com exceção de poucas citações em que são colocadas como vítimas ou ainda satirizadas, como acontece com as “virgens”.
Teses e dissertações em Educação Especial na região nordeste no período de 1997 a 2012
Authors: Lustosa Ana Valéria Marques Fortes 
Published: March 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar teses e dissertações produzidas nos programas de pós-graduação em educação da Região Nordeste na área de Educação Especial no período de 1997 a 2012. Para a consecução desse objetivo foram analisados os resumos da produção strictu sensu, disponíveis no Banco de Teses da CAPES e nos sites dos Programas de Pós-Graduação, com o intuito de identificar a produção científica na área por ano e por instituição, bem como para verificar os temas, procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos, locais e sujeitos mais pesquisados. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, do tipo documental. Os resultados apontam que a Educação Especial ainda é um campo pouco expressivo nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação da região Nordeste, quando comparada com outras áreas.
Benefícios da Intervenção Precoce para a Família de Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo
Authors: Cossio Anelise Do Pinho , Pereira Ana Paula Da Silva , Rodriguez Rita De Cássia 
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Especial, com Especialização em Intervenção Precoce, pela Universidade do Minho, em Braga, Portugal. Tem como finalidade apresentar uma revisão de pesquisas recentes, compreendidas entre os anos de 2005 a 2016, que evidenciem os benefícios da Intervenção Precoce (IP) para as famílias de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), no que concerne ao bem-estar e qualidade de vida, ao desenvolvimento de competências que perspectivem o controle/corresponsabilização, à melhoria do conhecimento/informação e à promoção da participação/envolvimento da família. A conclusão desta pesquisa permite-nos compreender que a IP se traduz em resultados positivos para as famílias, permitindo-nos assim reforçar a importância da participação efetiva das famílias em todos os processos de IP, bem como promover a necessidade de avaliar estes benefícios. Esta avaliação deve ter como referência a perspectiva das famílias de modo a podermos construir práticas que sejam reforçadoras e positivas nas suas vidas.