bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religiosity or racism? The bases of opposition to religious accommodation in Quebec
Authors: Dufresne Yannick , Kilibarda Anja , Blais André , Bibeau Alexis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThough Canada is internationally lauded for the success of its multiculturalism policies, debates about immigrant integration have arisen in recent years. These debates have turned on the extent to which religion should be accommodated in the public sphere. They have also been disproportionately concentrated in the French‐speaking province of Quebec. This paper asks whether this disproportionality is due to the Quebec population being particularly unfavourable to religious accommodation and, if so, whether this disfavour is grounded in racial antipathy toward newcomers or in the province's unique religious history. The findings show that while opposition to religious accommodation is higher in Quebec, and higher among francophones, it is rooted more in the low level of religiosity of the francophone population than in racial animus. These results emphasise the importance of correctly conceptualising distinctions between ethnocentric and culturally based sources of group conflict in multicultural settings such as Canada.
Discrimination is what ethnic groups make of it: subjective perceptions of peripherality among the Mohajirs of Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqi Farhan Hanif 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe article attends to the dynamic of subjective interpretation of socio‐economic conditions by ethnic elites in ways that convince co‐ethnics of their relative deprivation and discrimination. The article asserts that it is essential to move beyond structuralist explanations relative to economic deprivation and discrimination for they stand to essentialise social and economic conditions as defined by ethnic entrepreneurs themselves. In studying the crystallisation of Mohajir ethnicity in the 1970s and 1980s, the article seeks to (re) present alternative interpretations relative to political, economic and social facts of discrimination as subjectively presented by the Mohajir ethnic elite. The article locates peripherality not in the political system that disadvantaged the Mohajirs but in the discourse of discrimination propagated by the new Mohajir ethnopolitical elite. It is in this sense that discrimination becomes what ethnic groups make of it.
An Eschatological Critique of Catherine Pickstock's Liturgical Theology
Authors: Grant Euan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCatherine Pickstock's After Writing sets out to provide an account of liturgical time, subjectivity, and worship which is capable of surpassing the deconstruction of each of these in modernity and postmodernity. Her account of the way in which each of these is treated in the old Roman Rite, however, accentuates elements of ambiguity and deferral which erase two significant elements of traditional Catholic treatments of eschatology. The iterative element of growth and progress in holiness and Christian virtue is subsumed by continuous emphasis on ambiguity and deferral, while the promise of real eschatological novelty - that God seen now only in signs will be seen later face to face - is dissolved by an excessive valorisation of liturgical presence in the mode of signs. In order to avoid a postmodern reduction, then, it is better to embrace the liturgical vision of Joseph Ratzinger, in which liturgy and eschatology are both separated and united as different modalities of the presence of Christ, in which temporal liturgical life not only participates in but is directed towards a greater future fulfilment in the eschatological presence of God.
Asymmetric effects of theWTIcrude oil price on unemployment rates: a comparative study of Canadian provinces and the United States
Authors: Jung Young Cheol , Das Anupam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince 2014, Canada has been experiencing a higher unemployment rate due to a slump of the crude oil price. Using a monthly data set of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil spot price and unemployment rates of Canadian provinces and theUnited Statesfrom January 1976 to October 2016, we examine the asymmetric effects of oil price on unemployment rates. Specifically, we split the sample into the pre‐technological boom (January 1976 to March 1995) and post‐technological boom periods (April 1995 to October 2016) and analyse whether the asymmetric effects are discernible in these two periods. This is done by applying the ordinary least squares regressions and Granger causality tests. Our findings confirm the asymmetric effects for the full sample in theUnited States. In Canada, the negative and asymmetric relationship is conspicuous particularly in the post‐tech period, and this relationship is more prominent in three oil‐producing Canadian provinces namely Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland & Labrador. It is noticeable that both in Canada and in the three provinces, the falling oil price affects unemployment adversely only in the post‐tech period. Granger causality tests support the short‐run causal relationships between changes in oil price and unemployment rate in the post‐tech period.
Infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population: A guide for infraorbital nerve block
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J. , Russell Michelle L. , Koons Aaron W. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundInfraorbital nerve blocks are often performed for the management of postoperative pain associated with cleft lip correction. Infraorbital nerve block procedures depend on the identification of the infraorbital foramen; however, there is little information regarding the infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population.AimsThe aim of this study was to identify the location of the infraorbital foramen in the pediatric population relative to a midpoint between the nasospinale and jugale.MethodsThe study assessed the location of 152 infraorbital foramina relative to a midpoint between the nasospinale and J on dry crania. Crania were from individuals ranging in age‐at‐death from 6‐month fetal to 18 years. The population was subdivided into fetal/infant (≥6 months fetal age‐<2 years), child (≥2‐<12 years), and adolescent (≥12‐≤18 years) groups for comparison.ResultsThe average distance of the infraorbital foramen from the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint was 1.55 ± 0.78 mm (Mean ± SD) in the fetal/infant group, 0.80 ± 0.91 mm in the child group, and 1.31 ± 1.68 mm in the adolescent group. Furthermore, infraorbital foramina tended to be located medial to the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint in the fetal/infant population, directly upon or superomedial to the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint in the child population, and directly upon or superior/superolateral to the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint in the adolescent population.ConclusionsThe infraorbital foramen was located within 2 mm, on average, from the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint regardless of age group. Therefore, the nasospinale‐to‐jugale midpoint may serve as useful means of identifying the location of the infraorbital foramen in the pediatric population and aid in optimizing infraorbital nerve block procedures. The information in this report is valuable in general, but may be particularly useful in developing countries where there is a lack of ultrasound training and availability for health care providers; or places where infraorbital nerve block may be the sole anesthetic modality for cleft lip surgery, even among adolescent patients.
Some remarks on a problem in Madhyamaka philosophy of language
Authors: Westerhoff Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts to dissolve an apparent difficulty arising in the philosophy of language as discussed by the Indian Buddhist Madhyamaka school. On the one hand Madhyamaka seems to be claiming that every entity is fundamentally linguistic in nature, on the other hand it also asserts that language does not exist. I argue that the difficulty is to be dissolved by distinguishing two different senses of language appealed to by the Mādhyamikas. They argue that one specific understanding of language is deficient (and that therefore language thus understood does not exist), but this is not the same sense of language according to which everything is linguistic in nature. The apparent contradiction is thereby resolved.
Blood pressure control in conventional hemodialysis
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHypertension among patients on hemodialysis is common, difficult to diagnose and often inadequately controlled. Although specific blood pressure (BP) targets in this particular population are not yet established, meta‐analyses of randomized trials showed that deliberate BP‐lowering with antihypertensive drugs improves clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. BP‐lowering in these individuals should initially utilize nonpharmacological strategies aiming to control sodium and volume overload. Accordingly, restricting dietary sodium intake, eliminating intradialytic sodium gain via individualized dialysate sodium prescription, optimally assessing and managing dry‐weight and providing a sufficient duration of dialysis are first‐line treatment considerations to control BP. If BP remains uncontrolled despite the adequate management of volume, antihypertensive therapy is the next consideration. Contrary to nonhemodialysis populations, emerging clinical‐trial evidence suggests that among those on hemodialysis, β‐blockers are more effective than agents blocking the renin‐angiotensin‐system (RAS) in reducing BP levels and protecting from serious adverse cardiovascular complications. Accordingly, β‐blockade is our first‐line approach in pharmacotherapy of hypertension. Long‐acting calcium‐channel‐blockers and RAS‐blockers are our next considerations, taking into account the comorbidities and the overall risk profile of each individual patient. Additional research efforts, mainly randomized trials, are clearly warranted in order to elucidate aspects of management that remain elusive in hypertensive dialysis patients.
Applying Computer Adaptive Testing Methods to Suicide Risk Screening in the Emergency Department
Authors: Boudreaux Edwin D. , De Beurs Derek P. , Nguyen Tam H. , Haskins Brianna L. , Larkin Celine , Barton Bruce 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveCombine test theory with technology to develop brief, reliable suicide risk measures in the emergency department.MethodsA computer adaptive test for suicide risk was built using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and tested among the emergency department population. Data were analyzed from a sample of 1,350 patients in several Massachusetts emergency departments. The test was built as outlined by the National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.ResultsOf 1,350 patients, 74 (5%) scored above the cutoff of BSS > 2. Item 2, “Wish to die”, was the most informative item. When using only Item 2, 20% (n = 15/74) of at‐risk patients and 3% (n = 40/1,276) of not‐at‐risk patients were misclassified. Patients were classified after four items with computer adaptive testing trait estimates highly comparable to those of the full scale. The precision rule model did not reduce the scale.ConclusionsThis study models the creation of a computer adaptive test for suicide ideation and marks the start of the development of computer adaptive tests as a novel suicide risk screening tool in the emergency department. Computer adaptive tests hold promise for revolutionizing behavioral health screening by addressing barriers including time and knowledge deficits.
Suicide Stigma and Suicide Literacy in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Batterham Philip J. , Han Jin , Calear Alison L. , Anderson Josephine , Christensen Helen 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to (1) investigate levels and correlates of suicide stigma and suicide literacy in a sample of individuals attending a tertiary depression clinic in Australia (N = 287), with comparison to a community‐based Australian sample (N = 1,410), and (2) validate measures of suicide stigma and literacy in a clinical sample.MethodAustralian adults (N = 287) aged 18–78 years referred by their general practitioners for assessment at a psychiatric clinic for patients with difficult‐to‐treat mood disorders were recruited to complete a survey, including measures of suicide literacy, suicide stigma, mental health symptoms, and demographics.ResultsCompared to the Australian community sample, participants in the clinical sample reported lower suicide literacy, lower suicide stigma, greater glorification of suicide, and greater attribution of suicide to isolation. Suicide ideation was associated with greater glorification of suicide. Females had higher suicide literacy and lower suicide stigma than males. The psychometric properties of the suicide stigma measure appeared to be robust and consistent with previous evaluations.ConclusionGiven the low levels of suicide literacy in this clinical sample, suicide prevention initiatives designed for community settings may also be important in clinical settings.
The Capability for Suicide in Firefighters
Authors: Streeb Nicole , Shoji Kotaro , Benight Charles C. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveSuicide among firefighters is a critical mental health concern that remains under studied. The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS) states that, to engage in lethal suicidal behaviors, an individual must possess thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and fearlessness about death (IPTS factors). Social cognitive theory may assist IPTS in explaining suicidal behavior.MethodParticipants for the study were 216 volunteers and career firefighters. The sample was almost exclusively male, non‐Hispanic or Latino, and Caucasian with a mean age of 40.6. We examined the mediating effect of firefighter coping self‐efficacy (FFCSE) and coping self‐efficacy for trauma (CSE‐T) in the relationship between critical incidents and the IPTS factors. Moderated mediation analyses were performed with separate conditional effects of each social support subscale on the indirect effect of each self‐efficacy perception in the relationship between critical incidents and the IPTS factors.ResultsMediation analysis indicated that FFCSE did not mediate the relationships; however, CSE‐T did mediate the relationships between critical incidents and the IPTS factors. These significant indirect effects of CSE‐T were moderated by social support from significant other.ConclusionsCSE‐T within the context of significant other support is important to consider in understanding firefighter mental health.
Capturing the heterogeneity of urban growth in South Korea using a latent class regression model
Authors: Park Soyoung , Lee Jae Hyun , Clarke Keith C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of urban growth in South Korea between 2000 and 2010. Fourteen suspected causative independent variables were selected and latent class regression (LCR) was used to analyze the relationship between dependent (urban growth) and independent (causative) variables. The goodness‐of‐fit was assessed by comparison to logistic regression (LR) analysis. The LR analysis produced consistent coefficients for each independent variable across the study area. In contrast, an LCR analysis, with a three‐class assumption, resulted in a different magnitude and directional effects of the coefficients for each class. The LCR analysis enabled the identification of both spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous areas. In addition, the LCR analysis performed better than the LR analysis with a lower Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion value, and a higher receiver operating characteristic value. We conclude that LCR analysis should be used to establish causative “driving” factors for efficient urban growth planning and urban spatial policy.
Correlation between neuroanatomical and functional respiratory changes observed in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fernandes‐Junior Silvio A. , Carvalho Kárin S. , Moreira Thiago S. , Takakura Ana C. 
Published: August 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the relationship between neuroanatomical and functional respiratory changes in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Sixty days after induction of Parkinson's disease in a rat model, there are decreases in baseline breathing and in the number of neurons, density of the neurokinin‐1 receptor and density of astrocytes in the ventrolateral respiratory region. These results provide the first evidence that neuroanatomical changes occur before functional respiratory deficits in a Parkinson's disease model and that there is a positive correlation between those sets of changes. The neuroanatomical changes impair respiratory activity and are presumably a major cause of the respiratory problems observed in Parkinson's disease.

AbstractWe showed previously that 60 days after the induction of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a rat model, there are decreases in baseline breathing and in the number of phox2b‐expressing neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), as well as a reduction in the density of the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1r) in the pre‐Bötzinger complex (preBötC) and rostral ventrolateral respiratory group (rVRG). Here, our aim was to evaluate the correlation between neuroanatomical and functional respiratory changes in an experimental model of PD. Male Wistar rats with bilateral injections of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA, 24 μg μl−1) or vehicle into the striatum had respiratory parameters assessed by whole‐body plethysmography 1 day before and 30, 40 or 60 days after the ablation. From the 30th day after the ablation, we observed a reduction in the number of phox2b neurons in the RTN and NTS and a reduction in the density of astrocytes in the rVRG. At 40 days after the ablation, we observed decreases in the density of NK1r in the preBötC and rVRG and of astrocytes in the RTN region. At 60 days, we observed a reduction in the density of astrocytes in the NTS and preBötC regions. The functional data showed changes in the resting and hypercapnia‐induced respiratory rates and tidal volume from days 40–60 after injury. Our data suggest that the neuroanatomical changes impair respiratory activity and are presumably a major cause of the respiratory problems observed in PD.
Gastric cooling and menthol cause an increase in cardiac parasympathetic efferent activity in healthy adult human volunteers
Authors: Kazadi Lubobo‐Claude , Fletcher Janine , Barrow Paul A. 
Published: August 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
How do gastric stretch and gastric cooling stimuli affect cardiac autonomic control?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Gastric stretch causes an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity. Stretch combined with cold stimulation result in an elimination of the sympathetic response to stretch and an increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity, in turn resulting in a reduction in heart rate. Gastric cold stimulation causes a shift in sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic dominance. The cold‐induced bradycardia has the potential to decrease cardiac workload, which might be significant in individuals with cardiovascular pathologies.
AbstractGastric distension increases blood pressure and heart rate in young, healthy humans, but little is known about the effect of gastric stretch combined with cooling. We used a randomized crossover study to assess the cardiovascular responses to drinking 300 ml of ispaghula husk solution at either 6 or 37°C in nine healthy humans (age 24.08 ± 9.36 years) to establish the effect of gastric stretch with and without cooling. The effect of consuming peppermint oil capsules to activate cold thermoreceptors was also investigated. The ECG, respiratory movements and continuous blood pressure were recorded during a 5 min baseline period, followed by a 115 min post‐drink period, during which 5 min epochs of data were recorded. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed using time and frequency domain analyses of respiratory sinus arrhythmia to quantify parasympathetic autonomic activity, and corrected QT (QTc) interval analysis to quantify sympathetic autonomic activity. Gastric stretch only caused a significant reduction in QTc interval lasting up to 15 min, with a concomitant but non‐significant increase in heart rate, indicating an increased sympathetic cardiac tone. The additional effect of gastric cold stimulation was significantly to reduce heart rate for up to 15 min, elevate indicators of cardiac parasympathetic tone and eliminate the reduction in QTc interval seen with gastric stretch only. Stimulation of gastric cold thermoreceptors with menthol also caused a significant reduction in heart rate and concomitant increase in the root mean square of successive differences. These findings indicate that gastric cold stimulation causes a shift in the sympathovagal balance of cardiac control towards a more parasympathetic dominant pattern.
Establishment and evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model by chronic exposure to motor vehicle exhaust combined with lipopolysaccharide instillation
Authors: Shu Jiaze , Lu Wenju , Yang Kai , Zheng Qiuyu , Li Defu , Li Yi , Kuang Meidan , Liu Hanwei , Li Ziying , Chen Yuqin , Zhang Chenting , Luo Xiaoyun , Huang Junyi , Wu Xiongting , Tang Haiyang , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?In this study, by using motor vehicle exhaust (MVE) exposure with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation, we established, evaluated and compared MVE, LPS and MVE+LPS treatment‐induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) models in mice.
What is the main finding and its importance?Our study demonstrated that the combination of chronic exposure to MVE with early LPS instillation can establish a mouse model with some features of COPD, which will allow researchers to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and COPD pathogenesis.
AbstractAlthough it is well established that motor vehicle exhaust (MVE) has a close association with the occurrence and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), very little is known about the combined effects of MVE and intermittent or chronic subclinical inflammation on COPD pathogenesis. Therefore, given the crucial role of inflammation in the development of COPD, we wanted to establish an animal model of COPD using both MVE exposure and airway inflammation, which could mimic the clinical pathological changes observed in COPD patients and greatly benefit the study of the molecular mechanisms of COPD. In the present study, we report that mice undergoing chronic exposure to MVE and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) successfully established COPD, as characterized by persistent air flow limitation, airway inflammation, inflammatory cytokine production, emphysema and small airway remodelling. Moreover, the mice showed significant changes in ventricular and vascular pathology, including an increase in right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling of pulmonary arterial walls. We have thus established a new mouse COPD model by combining chronic MVE exposure with early intratracheal instillation of LPS, which will allow us to study the relationship between air pollution and the development of COPD and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.