bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food allergy endotype with high risk of severe anaphylaxis in children—Monosensitization to cashew 2S albumin Ana o 3
Authors: Blazowski Lukasz , Majak Pawel , Kurzawa Ryszard , Kuna Piotr , Jerzynska Joanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy in children can be life‐threatening. Component‐resolved diagnostics approach to food anaphylaxis is rarely assessed in children.The aim of the study was to identify the food allergen components as the triggers responsible for severe anaphylaxis, with regard to characteristics and associated risks, among children in a large, population‐based setting.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐one children who were hospitalized due to systemic allergic reaction (SAR) and food anaphylaxis were recruited. Medical history was assessed, and culprit allergen source and anaphylaxis severity grade were established. Specific IgE to 112 allergen components using multiplex ImmunoCAP ISAC immunoassay and specific IgE to hazelnut, Cor a 14, and cashew, Ana o 3, using singleplex ImmunoCAP immunoassay were determined.ResultsWe analyzed data from 237 SAR/anaphylaxis in 237 children. Trigger at allergen component level was defined for every episode. The most common triggers of SAR/anaphylaxis were seeds (50.6%), among them, the storage proteins. Anaphylaxis triggered by Ana o 3, 2S albumin from cashews (aOR = 15.0; 95% CI: 3.27 to 73.47); Tri a 19 from wheat (aOR = 9.93; 95% CI: 1.73 to 56.97); and Cor a 9 from hazelnut (aOR = 6.53; 95% CI: 1.16 to 36.72) had the worst clinical presentation including cardiovascular and severe respiratory symptoms (grade IV‐V vs I‐III in Cox scale). Thirteen out of 237 (5.5%) SAR/anaphylaxis patients were triggered by Ana o 3. Almost 82% of patients with severe Ana o 3 anaphylaxis were sensitized only to this component and had no concomitant food sensitization.ConclusionMonosensitization to Ana o 3 is, irrespective of other parameters, connected with high risk of severe anaphylaxis.
HIPs and HIP-reactive T cells
Authors: Wiles T A , Delong T 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Mounting evidence implicates hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) as important autoantigens in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These fusion peptides formed between insulin and other pancreatic beta cell-derived peptides contain non-genomically encoded amino acid sequences, making them plausible targets for autoreactive T cells in T1D. HIPs are detectable by mass spectrometry in human and murine islets and are targeted by diabetes-inducing T cells in non-obese diabetic mice as well as by T cells isolated from the residual pancreatic islets of human organ donors with T1D. The discovery of HIPs comes with numerous new challenges, as well as opportunities to study the pathogenesis of T1D. Here we review the original discovery of HIPs and describe recent studies investigating the role of HIP-reactive T cells in the development of diabetes. We also discuss potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the generation of HIPs in beta cells and describe challenges that need to be addressed in the field of mass spectrometry to enable the discovery of new HIPs. The identification of these potentially disease-driving antigens in T1D is of key interest to the field as it may provide new tools to predict, prevent and potentially reverse the disease.
Treatment of edentulous mandible with metal‐resin fixed complete dentures: A 15‐ to 20‐year retrospective study
Authors: McGlumphy Edwin A. , Hashemzadeh Shervin , Yilmaz Burak , Purcell Bradley A. , Leach Daniel , Larsen Peter E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to report the implant and prosthetic complications of mandibular metal‐resin fixed complete dentures (MRFCDs) opposing a maxillary complete removable dental prosthesis (CRDP) in a 15‐ to 20‐year post‐placement follow‐up period.Material and methodsDental records of 24 edentulous patients treated by a mandibular MRFCD and a maxillary CRDP were reviewed. Complications for the implants, MRFCDs, and CRDPs were recorded in four different recall periods: 0–5 years, 5–10 years, 10–15 years, and more than 15 years. The survival and failure times based on Kaplan–Meier statistics were analyzed using Lifetest procedures. Product‐limit survival estimates were used for cumulative survival rates (CSRs).ResultsThe mean service time was 18.5 years. The CSR for the implants and MRFCDs was 91.8% at 16.9 years (confidence intervals: 85.2% and 95.5%) and 80% at 19.6 years (confidence intervals: 44.1% and 94.1%), respectively. The implant failures after 15 years occurred because of a tumor resection. Acrylic resin tooth fracture (45.8% of patients) and wear (75% of patients) were the most common complications with the MRFCD. Retaining screw complications [loosening (8.1% of retaining screws) and fracture (11.3% of retaining screws)] were also common.ConclusionsThe outcomes seen with MRFCD over the long term were favorable. After placement of prostheses, 1 implant loss was observed potentially due to prosthetic/hygiene/periodontal factors. However, potential maintenance complications such as acrylic resin tooth fracture and/or wear and retaining screw loosening and fracture may occur in the long term when a similar design is used for the mandible.
Impaired cardiac autonomic response in lung transplant patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martelli Vanessa , Mathur Sunita , Wickerson Lisa , Gottesman Chaya , Helm Denise , Singer Lianne G. , Rozenberg Dmitry 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiac autonomic dysfunction (AD) is associated with adverse prognosis in lung disease; however, its implications in lung transplantation have not been previously described. This study evaluated the prevalence of AD in lung transplant (LTx) candidates, its determinants, prognostic implications, and prevalence post‐transplant.MethodsRetrospective one‐year study of 103 LTx candidates with AD assessed using heart rate (HR) from the six‐minute walk test (6MWT). Impaired chronotropic response index (CRI) was defined as <80% age‐adjusted HR during 6MWT. Abnormal HR recovery (HRR) was categorized as reduction in HR ≤ 12 beats/minute after the first minute of 6MWT cessation.ResultsAbnormal CRI and HRR were observed in 94% and 76% of patients, respectively. A lower CRI was associated with obstructive lung disease and lower estimated aerobic capacity. CRI was independently associated with 6MW distance [12 m per 10% CRI, P = 0.03], but not with post‐transplant cardiovascular events, hospital stay, or one‐year mortality. At 3 months post‐transplant, no improvement was observed in CRI (99%, n = 66/67, P = 0.25) or HRR (88%, n = 36/41, P = 0.12).ConclusionCardiac AD was prevalent in LTx candidates and recipients, with chronotropic incompetence a modest contributor to exercise intolerance pretransplant. Further study may help determine whether direct autonomic measures such as HR variability may be more prognostic of LTx outcomes.
Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity for children with cerebral palsy in special education
Authors: Cleary Stacey L , Taylor Nicholas F , Dodd Karen J , Shields Nora 
Published: May 2019

AimTo explore the barriers to and facilitators of physical activity for young people with cerebral palsy in specialist schools.MethodEleven focus groups involving 73 participants (10 young people with cerebral palsy, 13 parents of children with cerebral palsy, 27 teachers, 23 therapists) were held at two specialist schools. Focus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis by two researchers, independently.ResultsFour main themes emerged from the focus groups: school priorities; student factors; staffing and environment; and roles and relationships. Physical activity was promoted when academic work and physical activity were seen as equally important school priorities. Student factors that reduced physical activity included fluctuating health, school absences, and protracted rehabilitation after surgery. The staffing and environment unique to specialist schools played a pivotal role in assisting students to be active, as was the importance of collaborative, relationship‐based care.InterpretationPhysical activity programmes developed in specialist schools need to take into consideration complexities associated with the age, developmental stage, and academic requirements of young people with cerebral palsy. Particularly for adolescents, motivation was discussed as having a substantial influence on physical activity participation. These findings may assist school leadership teams, clinicians, and teachers in planning physical activity interventions.What this paper adds

Specialist schools offer custom‐built environments that promote physical activity and inclusion for students with physical impairments.

Therapists and teaching staff work creatively and collaboratively to incorporate an ‘all‐day’ approach to providing physical activity opportunities.

Balancing time spent on physical activity versus academic work can cause tension.
Why we scratch: Function and dysfunction
Authors: Sanders Kristen M. , Fast Katharine , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractItch is a common sensation that drives an intense urge to scratch. Itch and scratching have persisted in humans and many other species, suggesting that they play an important role in survival. This commentary discusses the function of itch as a danger signal, why itch feels unpleasant and why we feel relief and pleasure when we scratch an itch. In addition, we explore the ways that this system becomes dysfunctional in conditions of chronic itch and important implications for treatment.
Pigments in surface sediments of South American shallow lakes as an integrative proxy for primary producers and their drivers
Authors: Buchaca Teresa , Kosten Sarian , Lacerot Gissell , Mazzeo Nestor , Kruk Carla , Huszar Vera L. M. , Lotter Andre F. , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Pigments in lake surface sediments integrate both benthic and pelagic primary producer composition at the whole‐lake ecosystem level.

We gathered a comprehensive set of water chemistry, morphometric, physical and biological lake variables, catchment and climate characteristics, and geographical descriptors. We used multiple regressions to relate whole‐lake algal pigment concentration to environmental conditions and multivariate statistical analyses to assess the factors most associated with photoautotrophic algal and bacterial community composition. The relative influence of environmental factors and spatial distribution was assessed by variance partitioning analysis among three groups of variables: (1) in‐lake factors, (2) external factors, and (3) geographic descriptors.

Pigment concentration and community composition were most sensitive to in‐lake factors. Pigment‐inferred abundance of algae, including cyanobacteria, tended to be highest in shallower systems with high nutrient concentrations, independent of the latitudinal temperature or irradiance gradients. Pigment‐inferred community composition was best explained by nutrients and biotic composition (zooplankton and fish communities). Only in maritime temperate lakes did a link with regional location occur due to their low dissolved inorganic nitrogen to soluble reactive phosphorus ratios (1.5 atomic ratio), suggesting nitrogen limitation of phytoplankton growth; accordingly, the sediment pigments revealed cyanobacteria to be the dominant group, although this may also be a consequence of the overall high nutrient levels in these lakes.

Despite the large climate gradient covered, in‐lake rather than external factors were associated with the patterns observed in pigment concentration (from benthic and pelagic microorganisms) and inferred composition and abundance in these shallow lakes. Our results suggest that pigment assemblages in sediments, which integrate both benthic and pelagic microbial photoautotrophic community and processes, are valuable indicators of changes in shallow (0.75–12 m depth) lake ecosystems.
Can additive beta diversity be reliably partitioned into nestedness and turnover components?
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Aspin Thomas W. H. , Ulrich Werner , Baselga Andrés , Kubota Yasuhiro , Proios Konstantinos , Triantis Kostas A. , Whittaker Robert J. , Strona Giovanni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsQuantifying β‐diversity (differences in the composition of communities) is central to many ecological studies. There are many β‐diversity metrics, falling mostly into two approaches: variance‐based (e.g., the Sørensen index), or diversity partitioning (e.g., additive β‐diversity). The former cannot be used when species–sites matrices are unavailable (which is often the case in island biogeography in particular) and only species richness data are provided. Recently, efforts have been made to partition additive β‐diversity, a metric calculated using only α‐diversity and γ‐diversity, into nestedness and turnover components (termed here “richness‐only β‐diversity partitioning”). We set out to test whether this form of β‐diversity partitioning generates interpretable results, comparable with metrics based on species incidence β‐diversity partitioning.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedMultiple taxa.MethodsWe first provide a brief review of β‐diversity partitioning methods, with a particular focus on the development of richness‐only β‐diversity partitioning. Second, we use 254 empirical incidence matrices (provided with the paper) sourced from the literature to measure turnover and nestedness using incidence β‐diversity partitioning, comparing the resulting values with those calculated using richness‐only β‐diversity.ResultsWe provide an account of the emergence of β‐diversity partitioning, with particular reference to the analysis of richness‐only datasets, and to the definition and usage of the relevant metrics. Analytically, we report weak correlations between turnover and nestedness calculated using the two different approaches. We show that this is because identical values of α‐diversity and γ‐diversity can correspond to incidence matrices with a range of different structures.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate that the use of richness‐only β‐diversity partitioning to measure turnover and nestedness is problematic and can produce patterns unrelated to conventional measures of turnover and nestedness. We therefore recommend that more accurate definitions are adopted for these terms in future studies.
Sustainable goat grazing for managing abandoned fields: Dynamics of vegetation quality, quantity and nutritional status of goats over five years
Authors: Doi Kazuya , Tamiya Sae , Nakajima Noriaki , Yayota Masato 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrazing goats have potential for use in managing abandoned fields. However, it is unclear how long‐term grazing affects goats as a result of vegetational changes in abandoned fields. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of vegetation quality and quantity and the nutritional status of goats for five years in an abandoned field at different stocking rates: high stocking rate (HS: 30–33 goats/ha) and low stocking rate (LS: 14 goats/ha). In five years, the dominant plant species changed from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) to tufted grass species at the HS, whereas dwarf bamboo (Pleioblastus argenteostriatus) dominated throughout the five years at the LS. The annual plant biomass at both stocking rates was similar and varied from year to year. Crude protein content in the goats' diet did not show any seasonal or annual trend regardless of the stocking rate. Neutral detergent fiber content in the HS diet did not show any seasonal or annual trend; however, that in the LS diet linearly increased with the grazing year. The dry matter (DM) intake for goats at the LS decreased linearly with the grazing year (p < 0.05), whereas that for goats at the HS did not show any trend. The DM digestibility was higher for goats at the HS than for goats at the LS (p < 0.05). Serum parameters did not show a negative nutritional status of the goats over the study years. Annual daily gain was positive throughout the grazing years regardless of the stocking rate. Consequently, within the stocking rate range studied here, long‐term goat grazing changes the quality of vegetation in an abandoned field; however, goats can maintain their nutritional status and body weight for five years. Thus, goat grazing is a feasible way to control abandoned vegetation over the long term.
Arsenic Release and Attenuation Processes in a Groundwater Aquifer During Anaerobic Remediation of TCE with Biostimulation
Authors: Smith Suzy , Dupont R. Ryan , McLean Joan E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArsenic in groundwater in excess of the drinking water limit is usually from natural sources. The release of As, however, can be amplified by anthropogenic inputs of carbon, including those associated with the remediation of chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Large laboratory columns (15.2 cm diameter, 183 cm long) packed with aquifer solids from a TCE contaminated site near Hill Air Force Base (Utah) were fed with groundwater containing TCE and were biostimulated, bioaugmented, and monitored for TCE dechlorination over 7.5 years. This is a basin‐fill aquifer with As bearing geologic features. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biogeochemical changes that affect As solubilization that occurred after 7.5 years of feeding the columns with either whey or two formulations of Newman Zone® emulsified oil, and a no carbon addition control. The columns were analyzed in 10.16 cm sections for pore water and sediment quality parameters, parameters descriptive of redox conditions, and As geochemistry. The whey treatment resulted in 52.9% (±1.36%) (average ± standard deviation) of the total As in the solids leaching from the columns. The oil treatments promoted loss of 20.9% (±6.40%) of the total As. Arsenic solubility was associated with strongly reducing conditions developed with whey addition, leading to dissolution of crystalline Fe oxides and release of As. Arsenic was attenuated within the oil treated columns with As associated with carbonates in the lower layers. A consequence of adding whey, resulting in the desired full dechlorination of TCE in this aquifer, is the mobilization of As in groundwater.
Physical activity and its related factors in Japanese people with haemophilia
Authors: Goto Miwa , Haga Nobuhiko , Takedani Hideyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the general population, benefits of physical activity (PA) include improvement of physical function, prevention of lifestyle diseases and improvement of bone mineral content and quality of life. PA is recommended for patients with haemophilia (PwH), especially for those receiving advanced haemostatic treatment. We hypothesised many PwH engage in insufficient PA.AimThis study aimed to clarify PA levels and the associated factors in Japanese PwH.MethodsPhysical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version, and basic data, activities of daily living (ADLs) and self‐efficacy were also collected.ResultsA total of 106 questionnaires were completed. The average age of participant was 40.8 years. The median PA was 693.0 metabolic equivalent‐min/wk. More than half of the participants (59.4%) were classified into the low activity group. PA showed a significant inverse correlation with age (P = 0.022) and a positive correlation with self‐efficacy (P = 0.018). However, PA did not show a significant relationship with haemophilic severity, prophylactic treatment, annual intra‐articular bleeding frequency, body mass index and ADL. In PwH receiving guidance in sports, such as activities that are safe to participate in or performing prophylaxis prior to a physical activity, self‐efficacy was significantly higher (P = 0.033), ADL was better (P < 0.001), and mean age was younger (P = 0.01) than in those not receiving guidance in sports.ConclusionAs for PA level, 60% of the subjects showed low activity. To promote PA in PwH, improvement of self‐efficacy and appropriate guidance may be necessary.
The role of patients and carers in diffusing a health‐care innovation: A case study of “My Medication Passport”
Authors: Barber Susan , French Catherine , Matthews Rachel , Lovett Derryn , Rollinson Tom , Husson Fran , Turley Margaret , Reed Julie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients are increasingly recognized as playing important roles in improving health services. Little is known about the mechanisms by which patients develop and diffuse local innovations in a complex health‐care system.ObjectiveTo ascertain how diffusion of an innovation, My Medication Passport, occurred and roles played by patients in it.DesignCase study: quantitative mapping of innovation's diffusion and analysis of the routes and occupations of those through whom the innovation spread; documentary analysis; reflective assessment of patient's roles.Setting and participantsNHS Trusts, third sector organizations, patients and health‐care professionals.Interventions studiedCo‐produced action to raise awareness and influence use of the innovation; order database which enabled ease of access to the innovation.Main outcome measuresGeographical spread of innovation; occupations of individuals; types of organizations using the innovation.ResultsThe innovation spread from initial development and use in Northwest London across the UK and beyond. Key roles played by patients were as follows: co‐producer; advocate; relationship builder; relationship broker; planner; presenter; awareness raiser; trainer; networker. Patients identified and introduced potential audiences and users to MMP, using social, organizational, sectoral, lay and professional networks to do so. They organized a range of awareness‐raising and communication activities, monitored feedback, evaluated the impact and responded to new interest.Discussion and conclusionsThe roles of patients in diffusing innovations are under‐recognized. Collaborative working between patients, carers and health‐care professionals in planning and progressing the use and supporting diffusion of the innovation was important. Principles described in this study are relevant to progressing other patient‐led ideas for innovative changes relating to health service development.