bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of generative AI for coding in academia
Authors: Wills Simon , Poon Sanson T. S. , Salili‐James Arianna , Scott Ben 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In a recent Perspective Piece, Cooper et al. (2024) highlight the benefits that large language models (LLM) bring to the coding process and offer some guidance around the use of LLM‐generated code in academic publications.

Whilst we broadly support the stance taken by the authors, we offer a slightly different perspective from our experience of using both artificial intelligence (AI) generated code and more traditional resources such as Stack Overflow.

We highlight how the integration of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT holds immense promise for advancing academic research, revolutionising coding education and practices, promoting inclusivity, and facilitating knowledge dissemination. However, we also acknowledge that researchers must navigate the ethical and methodological challenges inherent in harnessing AI technologies, prioritising transparency, validation, and critical inquiry to ensure the integrity and credibility of research initiatives.
Parental obesity and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo clarify the possible role of accidental asphyxiation/suffocation for infants in shared sleeping situations.MethodsAs it has recently been shown that there is an association between maternal obesity and sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) an index was calculated by dividing parental body mass index (BMI) by the shared sleeping surface area.ResultsA much higher index was derived for an obese individual on a narrow sleeping area such as a sofa (50) compared to a thin adult on a queen‐sized mattress (5).ConclusionThe index may be a way of semi‐quantitating high, and low, risk shared sleeping situations.
Primary antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary atresia did not demonstrate decreased infection rate: Multi‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Brody Yael , Slae Mordechai , Amir Achiya Z. , Mozer‐Glassberg Yael , Bar‐Lev Michal , Shteyer Eyal , Waisbourd‐Zinman Orith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing ascending cholangitis following Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). Data from 72 patients treated across four tertiary centres in Israel from 2008 to 2018 were analysed.MethodsClinical and laboratory data were collected from biliary atresia (BA) diagnosis until liver transplantation (LT) or study completion.ResultsMedian age at KPE was 58.5 days. Successful KPE was achieved in 23 (32%) patients. Ascending cholangitis occurred in 6/23 (26%) successful KPE cases and 15/45 (33%) unsuccessful cases. Primary antibiotic prophylaxis (49% of patients) was associated with earlier onset of cholangitis (median 77 vs 239 days, p = 0.016). During follow‐up, 39% underwent LT, with a 5‐year survival with native liver (SNL) of 54%.ConclusionProphylactic antibiotics did not reduce cholangitis rates post‐KPE in our cohort. Further research is essential to optimise management strategies for infants with BA.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response relationships of dostarlimab in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer in part 1 of RUBY
Authors: Kuchimanchi Mita , Jørgensen Trine Lembrecht , Hanze Eva , André Thierry , Jain Angela , Berton Dominique , Alskär Oskar , Zub Oleksandr , Oaknin Ana , Shahin Mark S. , Koliadi Anthoula , Pothuri Bhavana , Krivak Tom , Pishchyk Mikalai , Segev Yakir , Backes Floor J. , Gennigens Christine , Bouberhan Sara , Zajic Stefan , Melhem Murad , Buscema Joseph 
Published: November 2024

AimsDostarlimab‐gxly is a humanized monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 isotype that binds to the programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) receptor and blocks its ligands. RUBY (NCT03981796) is a two‐part multicentre study in patients with recurrent or primary advanced endometrial cancer. The overall aims were to characterise the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) from Part 1 of this study, identify relevant covariates of interest, and assess exposure–efficacy/safety (ER) relationships.MethodsA PopPK model developed using GARNET (NCT02715284) study data for dostarlimab monotherapy was externally validated with RUBY Part 1 study data. Subsequently, the model was updated with data across the two studies. Exposure–safety analyses for adverse events related to dostarlimab alone or in combination with standard of care (SOC) were modelled using logistic regression. Exposure–efficacy analysis included Cox proportional hazards analysis of the primary efficacy endpoint of progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsFor the model update, 7957 pharmacokinetics observations from 868 patients pooled from both RUBY and GARNET studies were available. The model was consistent with the previous model. Dostarlimab clearance was estimated to be 7.79% lower when dostarlimab was given as SOC combination therapy. However, no significant covariates were clinically relevant. Hepatic or renal impairment did not affect pharmacokinetics. Among the safety endpoints, only rash showed a small yet statistically significant effect (P < .05) in all subjects; however, this was not not deemed clinically relevant. There were no other clinically significant exposure–safety or exposure–PFS relationships.ConclusionsThe addition of chemotherapy to dostarlimab had limited effect on dostarlimab PopPK, with no clinically significant covariates or clinically relevant exposure–safety or exposure–PFS relationships.
Minimal residual disease detection for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in peripheral blood—Are we there yet?
Authors: Trka Jan , Fronkova Eva 
Published: November 2024

Can peripheral blood be used to detect residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) when we increase the sensitivity of the method used? Bendig et al. found that a larger amount of material and the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) detects MRD in peripheral blood in up to half of patients with B‐cell precursor ALL (BCP‐ALL) where routine examination was negative. However, a negative result does not exclude the presence of residual disease and thus still limits the use of peripheral blood.Commentary on: Bendig et al. Next‐generation sequencing and high DNA input identify previously missed measurable residual disease in peripheral blood of B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2025; 206:353‐356.
Self‐Determination Skills in Ageing Women With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Álvarez‐Aguado Izaskun , Córdova Vanessa Vega , Roselló‐Peñaloza Miguel , González‐Carrasco Félix , Farhang Maryam , Vilo Karla Campaña , Spencer Herbert , Rivera Felipe Muñoz La , Aguado Leyre Álvarez 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWomen with intellectual disabilities confront distinct challenges as they age, compounded by cognitive and adaptive constraints. These challenges encompass heightened health risks, barriers to social support and susceptibility to violence, underscoring the critical role of self‐determination in enhancing their quality of life.MethodThis quantitative study utilised a scale based on the Functional Model of Self‐Determination to assess self‐determination levels in 218 Chilean women aged 45 to 80 with intellectual disabilities. The research also explored potential personal and environmental factors influencing these levels.FindingsEmployed participants and those in supportive family environments demonstrated higher self‐determination levels. Moreover, women without mental health issues exhibited advanced skills in self‐regulation, empowerment and self‐realisation. Significant disparities were noted based on varying levels of intellectual disability, types of support received and socioeconomic status, highlighting the necessity for tailored and diversified support systems.ConclusionDeveloping personalised support programs that address individual and contextual differences is crucial. Despite limitations, this study emphasises the urgency for inclusive public policies aimed at eliminating socioeconomic and cultural barriers, thereby fostering environments conducive to community engagement and autonomous decision‐making.
Phospholipase D2 downregulates interleukin‐1β secretion from tumor‐associated macrophages to suppress bladder cancer progression
Authors: Hamada Kazuki , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kandori Shuya , Isoda Bunpei , Suzuki Shuhei , Sano Keisuke , Sakka Shotaro , Tanuma Kozaburo , Nitta Satoshi , Shiga Masanobu , Negoro Hiromitsu , Mathis Bryan J. , Funakoshi Yuji , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) modulates therapeutic response and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer (BC). The roles of two phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2 (hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid), in cancer cells have been well‐studied in numerous cancer types, but their roles in the TME remain unclear. We used a mouse BC Pld2‐KO carcinogenesis model and global transcriptomic analysis to reveal that PLD2 was significantly involved in BC progression through immunosuppressive pathways in the TME. We therefore focused on PLD2 and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), which were increased in Pld2‐KO mice and further associated with poor prognoses in BC patients. In vitro, we found that Pld2‐KO mouse TAMs had significantly enhanced proliferation, correlating closely with increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) production. These results indicate that PLD2 suppresses BC progression by regulation of IL‐1β secretion from TAMs in the TME, suggesting that PLD2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for modifying the TME in BC.
L‐aspartate ameliorates diet‐induced obesity by increasing adipocyte energy expenditure
Authors: Guo Shi‐Yao , Hu Yu‐Tao , Rao Yong , Jiang Zhi , Li Chan , Lin Yu‐Wei , Xu Shu‐min , Zhao Dan‐Dan , Wei Li‐yuan , Huang Shi‐Liang , Li Qing‐Jiang , Tan Jia‐Heng , Chen Shuo‐Bin , Huang Zhi‐Shu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsObesity always leads to profound perturbation of metabolome. Metabolome studies enrich the knowledge on associations between endogenous metabolites and obesity, potentially providing innovative strategies for the development of novel anti‐obesity pharmacotherapy. This study aims to identify an endogenous metabolite that regulates energy expenditure and to explore its application for obesity treatment.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6 mice were fed with a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol (HFC) diet, comprising 60% fat and 1.2% cholesterol, for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Significant metabolites were identified in the livers of both health and obese mice through comparative hepatic metabolomics analysis. Correlation between serum or adipose L‐aspartate level and body weight in obese mice, as well as human body mass index (BMI), was evaluated. In addition, saline or 200 mg/kg L‐aspartate was orally administrated to HFC diet mice and HFC diet‐induced obese mice for 6–7 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight, glucose tolerance and liver damage were assessed to evaluate the effect on obesity prevention and treatment. Comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS) and seahorse assay were employed to investigate the regulatory effect of L‐aspartate on energy metabolism in vivo and in vitro, respectively. 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and murine white adipose tissue (WAT) were utilized to examine the impact of L‐aspartate on adipocyte adipogenesis and lipogenesis and cellular signalling pathway in vitro and in vivo.ResultsL‐aspartate, an approved drug for liver injury and chronic fatigue, was identified as an endogenous inducer of energy expenditure. Serum or adipose L‐aspartate levels were found to be negatively correlated with the severity of obesity in both humans and mice. Administration of L‐aspartate to HFC diet mice led to a significant reduction in body weight, with decreases of 14.5% in HFC diet mice and 8.5% in HFC diet‐induced obese mice, respectively. In addition, the treatment improved related metabolic syndrome (Figure 2 and Figure S3). These therapeutics were associated with enhancements in whole‐body energy expenditure and suppression of adipocyte adipogenesis along with activation of Adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway.ConclusionL‐aspartate may serve as a novel endogenous inducer of energy expenditure and suppressor of adipogenesis and lipogenesis along with activation of AMPK, thereby offering a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity prevention and treatment.
Targeting the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway for type 2 diabetes prevention: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H. , Hardin James W. , Ambati Jayakrishna , Sutton S. Scott 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation is a key factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. The cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP) reduces inflammation by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) on macrophages, suppressing proinflammatory cytokines. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis), primarily used for Alzheimer's disease (AD), may exert anti‐inflammatory effects through the CAP. One AChEi, galantamine, also directly agonizes α7nAChRs, potentially enhancing its anti‐inflammatory properties.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between AChEi use, particularly galantamine, and T2DM risk in AD patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of Veterans Health Administration (VA) data, examining early‐ and late‐onset AD patients receiving galantamine or other AD medications. Propensity score matching was used to balance groups and minimize confounding. Cox proportional hazard models assessed T2DM risk for galantamine, other AChEis and memantine.ResultsA total of 40 065 AD patients were included in the study. Among early‐onset AD patients, galantamine use significantly reduced T2DM risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.98). Memantine also showed a protective effect (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–1) in this group. Neither galantamine nor memantine influenced T2DM risk in late‐onset AD. Other AD medications showed no association with T2DM risk.ConclusionGalantamine use was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in early‐onset AD patients, potentially due to enhanced anti‐inflammatory effects through both AChE inhibition and direct α7nAChR agonism. Memantine also demonstrated a protective effect. These findings suggest potential new applications for existing AD medications in T2DM prevention, particularly in early‐onset AD patients. Further research, including randomized controlled trials with diverse populations, is needed to confirm these results and the underlying mechanisms.
Hemodynamic responses at anaerobic threshold during exercise in preload insufficiency
Authors: Fakhri Shoaib , Campedelli Luiz , Risbano Michael G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreload insufficiency is an underrecognized cause of exercise intolerance identified during invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and defined hemodynamically by decreased biatrial filling pressures, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) at peak effort. Patients with preload insufficiency, however, typically present with symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, and/or exercise intolerance at submaximal efforts, particularly when performing activities of daily living. The cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and physiology at submaximal work levels of preload insufficiency have not been previously investigated. We hypothesized that preload insufficiency hemodynamics exist along a continuum, with submaximal exercise values reflecting peak exercise cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.MethodsWe compared submaximal cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, measured at anaerobic threshold, between preload insufficiency patients and age‐matched controls referred for dyspnea but with normal exercise responses.ResultsOur study included 66 patients: 41 with preload insufficiency and 25 controls. Preload insufficiency patients exhibit significantly reduced V̇O2, watts, and METS at submaximal levels compared to controls, alongside earlier anaerobic threshold achievement and similar heart rates at anaerobic threshold.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the profound impact of preload insufficiency on submaximal exercise capacity, emphasizing the importance of its recognition and management. This insight sets the stage for further investigations into interventions targeting preload insufficiency at submaximal exercise levels to enhance both exercise performance and quality of life.
The relationship between body size and diet breadth in non‐web building spiders
Authors: Michalko Radek , Pekár Stano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The handling hypothesis assumes that large animals have broader diets than small animals because small animals are restricted to small prey while large animals can handle both small and large prey. On the other hand, the optimal foraging hypothesis assumes no relationship between predator body size and diet breadth because large predators should shift from small prey to large prey to maximize the net energy intake.
Using the diets and body sizes of 89 non‐web building spider species obtained from public databases (World Spider Trait database, Spiders of Europe and World Spider Catalogue), we investigated the relationship between body size and diet breadth in this group of terrestrial arthropod predators.
We found that the taxonomic niche diet breadth measured by Hill numbers (i.e., prey richness, Shannon index of diversity and Simpson index of equitability) had no significant relationship with spider body size. The minimum prey size did not show any relationship with spider body size. On the other hand, mean, maximum, range and variability in prey size increased with spider body size.
The results provide support for both hypotheses. The pattern in prey taxonomic dimension supports the optimal foraging hypothesis, while the pattern in prey size dimension supports the handling hypothesis. Overall, the observed distinct patterns between the taxonomic and prey size niche axes can be caused by the fact that the non‐web building spiders utilize similar prey types that are however highly size‐structured.
Students' Tendencies to Attend Distance Education Courses and Their Academic Achievement
Authors: Ozkara Betul Ozaydın , Tonguc Guray , Aruğaslan Emine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the academic achievement and attendance duration status of formal education students taking distance education courses using structural equation modelling (SEM). A total of 842 video recordings of online courses attended by 304 students on the MS Teams video conference platform were analysed. It was revealed that 29% of the attendance period was explained by course duration, lateness duration and course type, while 41% of grade point average (GPA) could be explained by course duration, lateness duration, course type and duration of course. The most significant impact on class attendance was lateness to class. Data showed that gender had a moderator effect on the effect of course type on GPA. Results also indicated that the method of teaching has a moderator role in the effect of attendance time on GPA and that the effect of attendance time on GPA is higher in asynchronous classes.
Ketone ester–enriched diet ameliorates motor and dopamine release deficits in MitoPark mice
Authors: Mahajan Vikrant R. , Nadel Jacob A. , King M. Todd , Pawlosky Robert J. , Davis Margaret I. , Veech Richard L. , Lovinger David M. , Salinas Armando G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction and dopamine deficits. The MitoPark (MP) mouse model of PD recapitulates several facets of Parkinson's disease, including gradual development of motor deficits, which enables the study of potential therapeutic interventions. One therapeutic strategy involves decreasing the mitochondrial metabolic load by inducing ketosis and providing an alternative energy source for neurons, leading to decreased neuronal oxidative stress. Thus, we hypothesized that administration of a ketone ester–enriched diet (KEED) would improve motor and dopamine release deficits in MP mice. Motor function (rotarod and open field tests), dopamine release (fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry), tissue dopamine levels (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) and dopamine neurons and axons (immunofluorescence) were assessed in MP, and control mice fed either the standard or a KEED. When started on the ketone diet before motor dysfunction onset, MP mice had improved motor function relative to standard diet (SD) MP mice. While the KEED did not preserve dopamine neurons or striatal dopamine axons, dopamine release in ketone diet MP mice was greater than SD MP mice but less than control mice. In a follow‐up experiment, we began the ketone diet after motor dysfunction onset and observed a modest preservation of motor function in ketone diet MP mice relative to SD MP mice. The improvement in motor dysfunction indicates that a KEED or ketone supplement may have a beneficial effect on delaying motor deficit progression in Parkinson's disease.
Exploring multimodal biomarker candidates of post‐traumatic epilepsy following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruckhaus Alexander A. , Asifriyaz Tuba , Kriukova Kseniia , O'Brien Terence J. , Agoston Denes V. , Staba Richard J. , Jones Nigel C. , Moshé Solomon L. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Duncan Dominique 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review systematically analyzes potential biomarker candidates for post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in humans who have experienced moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Focusing on biomarkers across biofluid‐based protein, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological categories, this review distinguishes between TBI patients who develop PTE and those who do not. The review adheres to established methodologies outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data presentation follows the Meta‐analyses of Observational Studies (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched and yielded 7538 records, of which 18 met inclusion criteria (moderate–severe TBI in humans, follow‐up of at least 6 months, and no prior history of epilepsy). The review aggregates data from 15 cohort and 3 case–control studies (risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale). Statistically significant biomarkers were identified, with neurophysiological biomarkers showing the strongest effect size in a two‐study meta‐analysis. PTE, a severe long‐term outcome of TBI affecting 2% to 53% of individuals with TBI, lacks validated biomarkers for forecasting development, crucial for designing preventive clinical trials. A multimodal approach, integrating biofluid‐based protein, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data, offers a promising strategy to enhance the predictability of PTE development and, potentially, its treatment. The study's protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023470245).