bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the canine osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment on immune cell composition and gene expression profiles
Authors: Ammons Dylan , Harris Adam , Chow Lyndah , Dow Steven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Immune cells play key roles in host responses to malignant tumors. The selective pressure that immune cells elicit on tumors promotes immune escape, while tumor associated modulation of immune cells creates an environment favorable to tumor growth and progression. In this study we used publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the translationally relevant canine osteosarcoma (OS) model to compare tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) to circulating leukocytes. Through computational analysis we investigated the differences in cell type proportions and how the OS TME impacted TIL transcriptomic profiles relative to circulating leukocytes. Differential abundance analysis revealed increased proportions of follicular helper T cells and mature regulatory dendritic cells (mregDCs) in the OS TME. Differential gene expression analysis identified exhaustion markers (LAG3, HAVCR1, PDCD1) to be upregulated in CD4 and CD8 T cells within the OS TME. Comparisons of B cell gene expression profiles revealed an enrichment of protein processing and endoplasmic reticulum pathways, suggesting infiltrating B cells were activated and participating in antigen presentation. Gene expression changes within myeloid cells identified increased expression of immune suppressive molecules (CD274, OSM, MSR1) in the OS TME, supporting their role as immunosuppressors. Comparisons to human literature revealed similar immune modulation in canine and human OS, further supporting the dog as a model for studies investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Overall, the analysis presented here provides new insights into how the OS TME impacts the transcriptional programs of major immune cell populations in dogs.
Large Eddy Simulation of Air-Propane Premixed Combustion in a Curved Duct
Authors: moshir Ghasem , Mostofizadeh Alireza , Bazazzadeh Mehrdad , Taleghani Arash Shams 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Centrifugal force induction in the flow field during premixed combustion significantly influences flame propagation speed and temperature distribution. This study employs large-eddy simulation to analyze air-propane premixed combustion within a curved duct featuring a square cross-section and a step in the outer wall. The numerical analysis was conducted using OpenFOAM software. The original case was examined at two distinct inlet velocities (4 m/s and 40 m/s). Computational chemiluminescence and shadowgraph images were compared with experimental data, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. The curvature of the duct geometry induces centrifugal forces within the flow field. Additionally, the density difference between combustion products and reactants generates Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which causes wrinkling and corrugation of the flame surface. At higher inlet velocities, both the induced centrifugal force and the degree of wrinkling increased, leading to an enhanced flame surface area and improved temperature distribution at the duct outlet. Two additional duct designs were developed to investigate the effects of flow rotation and curvature radius. The temperature distribution at the outlet for the two newly designed ducts and the primary duct was found to be nearly identical; however, the flame surface area exhibited significant improvement. Notably, the maximum flame propagation speed was observed in the configuration with a higher curvature radius.
Sustainability in Professional Development: Manifestations and Reliefs of Technology Anxiety among Mandarin Chinese Teachers in the Era of Digital Intelligence
Authors: Tang Kun , Ma Honghai , Wu Ya'nan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

With the rapid development and practical application of digital intelligence technology in many fields of human society, the integration trend of digital intelligence technology with Mandarin Chinese education is inevitable. Digital intelligence technology seems to have also placed a psychological and physical burden on teachers when providing them with convenience. Focusing on the technology anxiety of Mandarin Chinese teachers, this research discussed the manifestations and generation of their technology anxiety in the era of digital intelligence through in-depth interviews with 25 Mandarin Chinese teachers and classroom observations. The results indicated that the technology anxiety of Mandarin Chinese teachers manifested as cognitive dilemma anxiety caused by the distorted cognition of technology and technology iteration, technology-induced obstacle anxiety caused by invisible technology obstacles and the reform of teaching empowered by technology, career development anxiety caused by the weak renewal of teachers’ technology knowledge and skills and deviation of intelligent education expectations, and ethical security anxiety caused by anomie of artificial intelligence and technology risk prevention and management. This irrational psychological state was the result of interactions between Mandarin Chinese teachers and technology influenced by a series of cognitive, emotional, and social factors. On the basis of this, the following suggestions for relieving such anxiety include exploring and adopting diverse measures to help teachers hold positive technology cognition and value-evaluation viewpoints, taking the cultivation of intelligent education knowledge and practical ability as the core to improve teachers' intelligent education literacy, exploring a new model of human‒machine collaborative education and bringing teachers' professional advantages to full play in the era of digital intelligence, and providing guidance for intelligent education technology to instruct teachers to correctly understand and address ethical security problems derived from technology.
Single-Cell Multiome Impact of Prenatal Heavy Metal Exposure on Early Airway Development
Authors: Hu Xin , Minasenko Boris , Wang Dongxue , Chan Jessica , Ly ViLinh , Gauthier Theresa , Marsit Carmen , Jones Dean , Go Young-Mi , Wongtrakool Cherry , Su Chang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Prenatal exposure to environmental hazards such as cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) can severely impair fetal lung development, leading to lifelong adverse effects. As two of the most common and toxic heavy metals, Cd and As pose significant risks to pregnant women in many communities through food and water consumption. We have shown that prenatal co-exposure to Cd and As at levels relevant to human intake inhibits branching morphogenesis, yet cell type-specific mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we examined early embryonic lungs (E12) from mice exposed prenatally to either 0 (control) or 250 (treated) ppb of both Cd and As. Through single-cell multiome sequencing (scATAC-seq + scRNA-seq) and high-resolution metabolomics, we present a multifaceted landscape of Cd and As-induced molecular and cellular disruption. We identified 19 cell states exhibiting state-specific changes in gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation. Velocity analysis integrating RNA splicing and chromatin kinetics showed profound disruptions in cell fate, particularly affecting differentiation of Sox2+ proximal progenitors and Wnt2+ mesenchymal progenitors. Gene regulatory network analysis pinpointed the diminished function of Gata6 and Gli2 as central to these disruptions, which was further confirmed by their reduced protein expression in exposed E12, E14.5 and E17 lungs. Additionally, metabolomic alterations in polyamine, tyrosine and fatty acid biosynthesis correlated with changes in gene expression of catalytic enzymes. These findings demonstrate that Cd and As at levels relevant to human exposure impair early airway formation across multiple regulatory levels, including chromatin accessibility, transcription and cell metabolism, and provide insights into the factors governing cell resilience during this critical, vulnerable stage of lung development.
Evolution of 4D Flow MRI Utility in Neuroradiology: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Clarke M.D. Jamie E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To our knowledge, this is the first study to trend research and analyze the impact of studies exploring the neurodiagnostic utility of 4D Flow MRI. A bibliometric analysis was performed in Web of Science on September 13, 2021 using search term “4D MRI Neuroradiology” to identify and assess the 30 most-cited 4D Flow MRI neuroimaging publications in the literature from 2000–2021. The 30 most-cited articles ranged from 3 to 98 citations across 8 unique journals. The articles were published between 2007 to 2020. The top three most cited journals were American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) (Impact Factor (IF) 3.825), Neuroradiology (IF 2.804), and Clinical Neuroradiology (IF 3.649). The most cited article was from 2007 by Wetzel et al. in AJNR: “In vivo assessment and visualization of intracranial arterial hemodynamics with flow-sensitized 4D MR imaging at 3T.” The most published first-authors in this realm included Kazuya Futami of Japan (3 first authorships), Chi-Haur Wu of the U.S. (3 first authorships), Warren Chang of the U.S., and Haruo Isoda of Japan (2 first authorships each). The most common principal pathologies addressed by the studies included cerebral arteriovenous malformations (8 articles), intracranial aneurysms (4 articles), cerebral aneurysms (3 articles), and cerebrovascular disease (2 articles). 4D flow MRI has rapidly evolved into a mainstay technology utilized for cardiac and neurologic vascular radiologic imaging. Future research in understanding of the neurodiagnostic utility of 4D Flow would improve diagnosis and treatment planning of neurologic and neurosurgical disorders, particularly those of cerebrovascular etiology.
Water safety planning application for aesthetic quality of drinking water
Authors: Adams Hunter , Burlingame Gary A. , Southard Mark , Dietrich Andrea M. , Bartrand Tim , Ikehata Keisuke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization considers water quality aesthetic parameters affecting taste, odor, and appearance as factors to be monitored to determine the overall safety of water. Water safety plans (WSPs) can be used by utilities to proactively identify aesthetic hazards, rank them by likelihood of occurrence and consequence to the utility, generate risk scores, and provide direction on how to monitor, mitigate, and verify that controls are in place. The City of Wichita Falls Public Water System (CWF PWS) used the water safety planning approach to outline how aesthetics may negatively affect the system from source water, in-plant processes, and into the distribution system. By proactively identifying these hazards and outlining what to do using a WSP, the utility has put measures in place to ensure that aesthetically acceptable water is delivered to their customers. This article outlines the water safety planning process for water quality aesthetics and how the CWF PWS developed and implemented its WSP.
Attitudes of Health Professionals Toward Digital Health Data Security in Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebeyew Ayenew Sisay , Wordofa Zegeye Regasa , Muluneh Ayana Alebachew , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Tizie Sefefe Birhanu , Mengistie Muluken Belachew , Takillo Mitiku Kassaw , Assaye Bayou Tilahun , Senishaw Adualem Fentahun , Hailye Gizaw , Shimie Aynadis Worku , Butta Fikadu Wake 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Digital health is a new health field initiative. Health professionals require security in digital places because cybercriminals target health care professionals. Therefore, millions of medical records have been breached for money. Regarding digital security, there is a gap in studies in limited-resource countries. Therefore, surveying health professionals’ attitudes toward digital health data security has a significant purpose for interventions.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the attitudes of health professionals toward digital health data security and their associated factors in a resource-limited country.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure health professionals’ attitudes toward digital health data security. The sample size was calculated using a single population. A pretest was conducted to measure consistency. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. For multivariable logistic analysis, a P value ≤.20 was selected using Stata software (version 16; StataCorp LP).

Results
Of the total sample, 95% (402/423) of health professionals participated in the study. Of all participants, 63.2% (254/402) were male, and the mean age of the respondents was 34.5 (SD 5.87) years. The proportion of health professionals who had a favorable attitude toward digital health data security at specialized teaching hospitals was 60.9% (95% CI 56.0%‐65.6%). Educational status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.292, 95% CI 1.16‐9.34), basic computer skills (AOR 1.807, 95% CI 1.11‐2.938), knowledge (AOR 3.238, 95% CI 2.0‐5.218), and perceived usefulness (AOR 1.965, 95% CI 1.063‐3.632) were factors associated with attitudes toward digital health data security.

Conclusions
This study aimed to assess health professionals’ attitudes toward digital health data security. Interventions on educational status, basic computer skills, knowledge, and perceived usefulness are important for improving health professionals’ attitudes. Improving the attitudes of health professionals related to digital data security is necessary for digitalization in the health care arena.
Determinants of Dropping Out of Remote Patient-Reported Outcome–Based Follow-Up Among Patients With Epilepsy: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vestergaard Sofie Bech , Roost Mette , Christiansen David Høyrup , Schougaard Liv Marit Valen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures is an emerging field in health care. In the Central Denmark Region, epilepsy outpatients can participate in remote PRO-based follow-up by completing a questionnaire at home instead of attending a traditional outpatient appointment. This approach aims to encourage patient engagement and is used in approximately half of all epilepsy outpatient consultations. However, dropout in this type of follow-up is a challenging issue.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the association between potential self-reported determinants and dropout in remote PRO-based follow-up for patients with epilepsy.

Methods
This prospective cohort study (n=2282) explored the association between dropout in remote PRO-based follow-up for patients with epilepsy and 9 potential determinants covering 3 domains: health-related self-management, general and mental health status, and patient satisfaction. The associations were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustment for sex, age, education, and cohabitation.

Results
A total of 770 patients (33.7%) dropped out of remote PRO-based follow-up over 5 years. Statistically significant associations were identified between all potential determinants and dropouts in PRO-based follow-up. Patients with low social support had an odds ratio of 2.20 (95% CI 1.38-3.50) for dropout. Patients with poor health ratings had an odds ratio of 2.17 (95% CI 1.65-2.85) for dropout. Similar estimates were identified for the remaining determinants in question.

Conclusions
Patients with reduced self-management, poor health status, and low patient satisfaction had higher odds of dropout in remote PRO-based follow-up. However, further research is needed to determine the reasons for dropout.
Transforming Perceptions: Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Generative AI for People With Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Hadar Souval Dorit , Haber Yuval , Tal Amir , Simon Tomer , Elyoseph Tal , Elyoseph Zohar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) presents unprecedented opportunities to redefine conceptions of personhood and cognitive disability, potentially enhancing the inclusion and participation of individuals with cognitive disabilities in society.

Objective
We aim to explore the transformative potential of GenAI in reshaping perceptions of cognitive disability, dismantling societal barriers, and promoting social participation for individuals with cognitive disabilities.

Methods
This study is a critical review of current literature in disability studies, artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, and computer science, integrating insights from disability theories and the philosophy of technology. The analysis focused on 2 key aspects: GenAI as a social mirror reflecting societal values and biases, and GenAI as a cognitive partner for individuals with cognitive disabilities.

Results
This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of GenAI on perceptions of cognitive disability. It introduces the concepts of GenAI as a “social mirror” that reflects and potentially amplifies societal biases and as a “cognitive copilot” providing personalized assistance in daily tasks, social interactions, and environmental navigation. This paper also presents a novel protocol for developing AI systems tailored to the needs of individuals with cognitive disabilities, emphasizing user involvement, ethical considerations, and the need to address both the opportunities and challenges posed by GenAI.

Conclusions
Although GenAI has great potential for promoting the inclusion and empowerment of individuals with cognitive disabilities, realizing this potential requires a change in societal attitudes and development practices. This paper calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and close partnership with the disability community in the development and implementation of GenAI technologies. Realizing the potential of GenAI for promoting the inclusion and empowerment of individuals with cognitive disabilities requires a multifaceted approach. This involves a shift in societal attitudes, inclusive AI development practices that prioritize the needs and perspectives of the disability community, and ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper emphasizes the importance of proceeding with caution, recognizing the ethical complexities and potential risks alongside the transformative possibilities of GenAI technology.
Testing the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of an Innovative Digital Mental Health Care Delivery Model Designed to Increase Access to Care: Open Trial of the Digital Clinic
Authors: Macrynikola Natalia , Chen Kelly , Lane Erlend , Nguyen Nic , Pinto Jennifer , Yen Shirley , Torous John 
Published: November 2024

Background
Mental health concerns have become increasingly prevalent; however, care remains inaccessible to many. While digital mental health interventions offer a promising solution, self-help and even coached apps have not fully addressed the challenge. There is now a growing interest in hybrid, or blended, care approaches that use apps as tools to augment, rather than to entirely guide, care. The Digital Clinic is one such model, designed to increase access to high-quality mental health services.

Objective
To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the Digital Clinic model, this study aims to conduct a nonrandomized open trial with participants experiencing depression, anxiety, or both, at various levels of clinical severity.

Methods
Clinicians were trained in conducting brief transdiagnostic evidence-based treatment augmented by a mental health app (mindLAMP); digital navigators were trained in supporting participants’ app engagement and digital literacy while also sharing app data with both patients and clinicians. Feasibility and acceptability of this 8-week program were assessed against a range of benchmarks. Potential efficacy was assessed by calculating pre-post change in symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), and comorbid depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-ADS), as well as rates of clinically meaningful improvement and remission. Secondary outcomes included change in functional impairment, self-efficacy in managing emotions, and flourishing.

Results
Of the 258 enrolled participants, 215 (83.3%) completed the 8-week program. Most were White (n=151, 70.2%) and identified as cisgender women (n=136, 63.3%), with a mean age of 41 (SD 14) years. Feasibility and acceptability were good to excellent across a range of domains. The program demonstrated potential efficacy: the average PHQ-9 score was moderate to moderately severe at baseline (mean 13.39, SD 4.53) and decreased to subclinical (mean 7.79, SD 4.61) by the end of the intervention (t126=12.50, P<.001, Cohen d=1.11). Similarly, the average GAD-7 score decreased from moderate at baseline (mean 12.93, SD 3.67) to subclinical (mean 7.35, SD 4.19) by the end of the intervention (t113=13, P<.001, Cohen d=1.22). Participation in the program was also associated with high rates of clinically significant improvement and remission.

Conclusions
Results suggest that the Digital Clinic model is feasible, acceptable, and potentially efficacious, warranting a future randomized controlled trial to establish the efficacy of this innovative model of care.
Positive impact of large wild herbivore exclusion on silver fir regeneration: A case study from the Poľana Mountains, Central Slovakia
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Šebeň Vladimír 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In forest ecosystems, the browsing activity of large wild herbivores (LWH) often leads to reduced tree and plant diversity, diminished biomass production, and challenges in achieving forest management objectives. Our case study focuses on assessing the impact of LWH browsing during the initial stages of forest growth by comparing fenced plots (F plots) with excluded LWH and control plots (C plots) with the presence of LWH. The experiment took place at the Hukavský Grúň research site in the Poľana Mts., characterized by a high red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) population. Fifteen F plots and fifteen C plots, all situated within mixed maternal forests, were established in the 2023 growing season. Thus, circular plots with a radius of 2.5 m were utilized, and comprehensive data were collected on young trees (excluding those under 10 cm in height), covering tree species, positions, heights, and stem diameters. Species-specific allometric relations were employed to calculate the aboveground biomass of each tree, contributing to the overall biomass stock on a plot basis. A comparison between F and C plots revealed a prevalence of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in F plots, while European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dominated C plots. F plots exhibited higher tree species diversity (4.5 species), contrasting with the lower diversity (2.0 species) and absence of silver fir in C plots. The F plots also demonstrated greater tree density and sizes, resulting in substantial differences in aboveground biomass stocks. Browsing in C plots predominantly affected tree height rather than stem diameter, leading to a bigger height-to-diameter ratio in F plots compared to C plots. We suggest that fencing as a method to exclude LWH might be economically expensive and provide a temporary solution limited by the functionality of the fence. Therefore, the primary strategy for safeguarding the future of silver fir may lie in regulating LWH populations to a reasonable threshold.