bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aḥkām concerning the ahl al-bayt
Authors: Husayn Nebil A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although Islamic law generally identifies all free Muslim males as equal members of society, irrespective of race or ancestry, a peculiar exception is made for those who claim patrilineal descent from the Arab chieftain Hāshim b. ‘Abd Manāf, the great-grandfather of the Prophet Muḥammad. Drawing on hagiography and ḥadīth, Sunni and Shi‘i authors ascribe special nobility, privileges and customs to members of the clan of Hāshim. Jurists also incorporated their adoration of and respect for the Prophet’s family into their views of Islamic law. In particular, since the Prophet Muḥammad was revered as an individual who was pure (ṭāhir, zakī), some jurists held that Hāshimids possessed the same purity. The Prophet’s identities as an Arab and as a Qurashī also conferred certain legal privileges on members of these groups. After noting parallels to other high-status groups in early Muslim society, I examine more than a dozen laws that classical Sunni and Twelver Shi‘i jurists characterized as specific to the Prophet’s progeny and Household (ahl al-bayt).
The Best Way of Life for a Polis (Politics VII.1-3)
Authors: Lockwood Thornton C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Politics VII.1-3 enacts a contest that concludes that ‘whether for a whole city-state in common or for an individual, the best way of life would be a practical one’ (ἄριστος βίος ὁ πρακτικός [VII.3 1325b15-16]). Scholarship on VII.1-3 has focused on the best way of life for an individual to the neglect and even misunderstanding of the best way of life for a polis. The best way of life for a polis is, I argue, a specification of the foreign policy or ‘inter-polis’ relations for the best constitution. Such a foreign policy appears to include the possibilities of both isolationism and regional hegemony, although Politics VII-VIII more broadly suggests that such latitude is constrained by the teleology of life, which shows that war should be pursued only for the sake of peace.
Aristote croit-il au déterminisme environnemental ? Les Grecs, les esclaves et les barbares (Pol. VII, 7)
Authors: Monteils-Laeng Laetitia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The tripartite division of peoples described in chapter 7 of book VII of Aristotle’s Politics identifies natural-born Greeks as the only people capable of free and well-ordered living in the polis. Ought we to infer from this passage that the underlying asymmetry between Greeks and non-Greeks somehow corresponds to the distinction, found in book I, between those who are masters by nature and those who are slaves by nature? The aim of this paper is to show that this claim is not only not self-evident, but that it runs counter to Aristotle’s non-providential finalism, which is incompatible with the notion that nature could favor one people to the detriment of all others. In other words, the Greek people is not the rightful heir of the order of the world to the extent that their natural superiority in the political realm is quite accidental.
Aristote : le nécessaire et le beau dans la cité « selon nos vœux »
Authors: Jaulin Annick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
What is the criterion for distinguishing between the excellence of the excellent constitution κατ’ εὐχήν in Politics VII and the excellence of the other excellent constitutions ? Every constitution includes in its composition necessity and good. Yet, unlike what happens in the other excellent constitutions, in the best constitution of Politics VII there is a convergence, not an opposition, between necessity and goodness. This point is confirmed by a change in the meaning of the word ἀναγκαῖον (1328b13-14). In the constitution delineated in Book VII, ultimately matter and form are identical. Both the convergence between necessity and good and the fact that every citizen should be a good man or a ‘maker of virtue’ lead to equate the excellent constitution with the completed form of political capacity. Hence, the relationship between πολιτεία and ἀρίστη πολιτεία is similar to the relationship between ἔργον κιθαριστοῦ and ἔργον σπουδαίου κιθαριστοῦ.
The Role of Law and Legislation in the Philosophical Politics of Plato’s Republic
Authors: Ellison E. John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Law, often neglected in treatments of the Republic, is essential to the philosopher-kings’ rule. Only law accomplishes the partial divinization of citizens at which philosophical politics aims. Socrates’ interrogation of Thrasymachus and Glaucon reveals law to be a command whereby citizens participate in philosophical knowledge and limit the pleonexia congenital to humanity. Law does so primarily by instilling in souls a true opinion resistant to pleonectic passion, producing a state of political virtue. This primary work is supported by the musical and poetical education, itself shaped by law for the sake of law. Law persuades and compels the soul by appealing to both reason and spiritedness, enabling them to overcome the appetites. The soul’s consequent acceptance of truth and resistance to the passions indeed makes it resemble divinity. In so transforming the citizens through the law, the philosopher-king also unifies the city and makes it happy under his rule.
<p><strong>Nothospecies status for <em>Kalanchoe auriculata</em>, as <em>K. </em>×<em>auriculata</em> (Crassulaceae)</strong></p>
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA 
Published: September 2019

Raadts (1977) published the combination Kalanchoe nyikae Engler (1895: 189) subsp. auriculata Raadts (1977: 113) (Crassulaceae) to recognise, at the rank of subspecies, material of what she at the time considered to be representatives of the East African K. nyikae that had basally auriculate or cordate, rather than peltate, leaf blades. In 1987 Wickens (1987: 36–37) followed this view and recognised K. nyikae subsp. auriculata and K. nyikae subsp. nyikae. Two years later, Raadts (1989: 171) stated the following about this material: “Diese Sippe wurde wegen der weitgehend übereinstimmenden Blütenmerkmale K. nyikae als Unterart zugeordnet (Raadts 1977[: 113]). Die von der diploiden K. nyikae abweichende Chromosomenzahl 2n=68 deutet jedoch auf eine Hybride hin, hervorgegangen aus einer Kreuzung der K. nyikae subsp. nyikae (2n=34) mit einem hexaploiden Partner (2n=102). Als Kreuzungspartner kommt die hexaploide K. glaucescens in Frage, deren Verbreitungsgebiet mit dem der K. nyikae subsp. nyikae zusammentrifft (Fig. 1, siehe Anhang).” [English: “This material was treated as a subspecies as a result of its floral features that are largely consistent with those of K. nyikae (Raadts 1977[: 113]). However, the chromosome number of 2n = 68, which differs from that of the diploid K. nyikae, indicates that it is a hybrid that arose from a crossing event of K. nyikae [subsp. nyikae] (2n = 34) with a hexaploid (2n = 102) species. As the hexaploid parent, K. glaucescens, the distribution of which overlaps with that of K. nyikae [subsp. nyikae], is brought into question (Figure 1 [on p. 172 of Raadts, 1989], see Appendix [on p. 173 of Raadts, 1989; a list of exsiccatae used for compiling the distribution map on p. 172]).”
Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as Isolated Bilateral Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Crawford Fred , Alvi Sameer A. , Brahimaj Bledi , Byrne Richard , Kocak Mehmet , Wiet Richard Mark 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To describe a unique case of isolated bilateral sarcoidosis of the cerebellopontine angle as well as the related imaging in the case. To conduct a literature review of the published articles regarding sarcoidosis of the cerebellopontine angle. Data Sources: Representative case report from a single institution as well as PubMed and Scopus database searches. Methods: In addition to a retrospective review, all published case reports and case series of sarcoidosis involving the cerebellopontine angle from 1960 to July 2018 in the English language were reviewed. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, and outcomes were collected. Results: We identified 8 total cases with pertinent clinical information that were included. Conclusions: Isolated neurosarcoidosis of the cerebellopontine angle is an exceptionally rare phenomenon that, on history and imaging, presents similar to more common retrocochlear pathologies. Surgery may be required in large lesions unresponsive to traditional medical therapy with immunosuppression.
Does Hearing Loss in the Elderly Individuals Conform to Impairment of Specific Cognitive Domains?
Authors: Guglielmi Valeria , Marra Camillo , Picciotti Pasqualina M. , Masone Iacobucci Giovanna , Giovannini Silvia , Quaranta Davide , Anzivino Roberta , Paludetti Gaetano , Conti Guido 
Published: September 2019

Background: It is well known that age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is strongly associated with dementia. Different hypotheses have been considered to explain this link, including sensorial deprivation, the reduction in cognitive reserve, and the presence of shared pathological pathways (microvascular damage of the brain). Aims: We carried out a study of the audiological and neuropsychological characteristics of a sample of hearing impaired but cognitively healthy individuals (HIH). The aim of our study was to carefully outline the neuropsychological profile of the patients in order to verify whether hearing loss correlated with deficits in specific cognitive domains. Results: Episodic memory is affected by the presence of hearing loss, while semantic competences, syntactic, and grammar skills seem not to be affected. Furthermore, some audiological features linked to the intelligibility of spoken words can predict the presence of executive dysfunction; the same does not apply to memory impairment. Conclusion: In HIH, executive functions are widely employed in maintaining an acceptable level of comprehension of spoken language; consequently, other cognitive domains and instrumental abilities in HIH are not properly supported. Thus, it is arguable that programs of hearing rehabilitation for HIH could restore the allocation of attentional resources to the functioning of other cognitive domains.
Dealing with ethical and existential issues at end of life through co-creation
Authors: Hemberg Jessica , Bergdahl Elisabeth 
Published: September 2019

Background In research on co-creation in nursing, a caring manner can be used to create opportunities for the patient to reach vital goals and thereby increase the patient’s quality of life in palliative home care. This can be described as an ethical cornerstone and the goal of palliative care. Nurses must be extra sensitive to patients’ and their relatives’ needs with regard to ethical and existential issues and situations in home care encounters, especially at the end of life. Aim The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of dealing with ethical and existential issues through co-creation at the end of life in palliative home care. Research design, participants, and research context The material consisted of texts from interviews with 12 nurses in a home care context. A hermeneutical approach was used, and the method was inspired by a thematic analysis. Ethical considerations Informed consent was sought from the participants regarding study participation and the storage and handling of data for research purposes. Ethical permission to conduct the study was given from organizations that participated in this study. Findings A main theme and four subthemes emerged. The main theme was “Deep co-creative relationships are needed to manage ethical and existential issues at the end of life.” A model was created to display the findings and relations between ethical issues and situations and the need for a deep trustful caring relationship to solve problems in palliative home care. Discussion Together, the themes can be considered as a tool for learning and dealing with ethical and existential issues at the end of life in home care. The themes can also be seen as a part of nurses’ ethical competence within this context. Conclusion The quality of life at the end of life can be improved through co-creation, despite difficult ethical and existential issues. Future research should focus on co-creation from the patients’ perspective.
Detection of Micro-invasion in Sudanese Oral Verrucous Carcinoma Samples Using Syndecan-1 Stain
Authors: Elhassan AKB , Suleiman AM , El Dawi NIA , Mohamed Sofia B 
Published: September 2019

Aim: Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low-grade rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan which participates in cell-to-cell adhesion and cell-matrix interaction. Being misled by the apparent non-aggressive nature of VC, some clinicians and pathologists believe that this tumor is not an aggressive tumor, not realizing the fact that some of these lesions may contain nests or foci of well-differentiated SCC. This study aimed to assess syndecan-1 expression of VC and detection of micro-invasion in VC using syndecan-1 immunohistochemical (IHC) stain. Methods: Observational analytical study of 34 paraffin block of VC cases and 24 cases of variable grades of oral epithelial dysplasia. Cases were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and then IHC stain for syndecan-1 was applied. Nine paraffin blocks from specimens of normal oral mucosa were used as the reference group for syndecan-1 stain positivity. Results: In this study, we found that 32 (94.1%) out of 34 of verrucous carcinoma cases showed loss of syndecan-1 expression. Moreover, highly statistically significant association was found between the presence of suggestive micro-invasion in H&E and loss of syndecan-1 expression in micro-invasive area in the same case. Conclusions: In conclusion, syndecan-1 stain can be used as a biomarker in detection of micro-invasion in verrucous carcinoma.
Using Community-Engaged Research to Explore Social Determinants of Health in a Low-Resource Community in the Dominican Republic: A Community Health Assessment
Authors: Moore de Peralta Arelis , Davis Lauren , Brown Katherine , Fuentes Michelle , Falconer N. Suzanne , Charles Jenneil , Eichinger Michelle 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Previously published community health assessments (CHA) have explored social determinants of health in low-resource, Haitian-majority Dominican communities. The present CHA was conducted in Las Malvinas II, a Dominican-majority low-resource community, and represented a first step for developing a building a healthier community process. Method: A binational community–academic partnership adapted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s CHANGE (Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation) guide to conduct a CHA through community-engaged, mixed-methods research. Data were collected on five community selected public health priorities (i.e., education, sanitation, unwanted pregnancies, chronic disease management, and vaccine-preventable diseases) and community assets through focus groups, interviews with key informants, and a household survey using GIS (geographical information systems) technology. Results: Of all five priorities, unwanted pregnancies and sanitation received the lowest average CHANGE tool ratings for both policies and Systems and Environment. However, data gathered on the five public health priorities reflect the perceived needs and assets of Las Malvinas II, and are equally important in improving the community’s health and well-being status. Community members identified as important goals the construction of a primary health clinic, as well as a bigger school, that includes pre-school and high school levels. Conclusion: A coalition emerged from the CHA to address the identified issues. The coalition used CHA findings to develop a community health improvement plan. The establishment of a primary health care center and a bigger school were identified as primary goals.
The Biplanar Effect of the Medial Cuneiform Osteotomy
Authors: Mortimer J. Alexandra , Bouchard Maryse , Acosta Anna , Mosca Vincent 
Published: September 2019

Background. The “foot-CORA” (center of rotation of angulation) method confirms the medial cuneiform as the site of deformity in most forefoot/midfoot deformities and is therefore the ideal location to correct those deformities. It has been consistently observed intraoperatively by the senior author that there is a secondary, unintentional deformity created in the transverse plane when dorsiflexion and plantar flexion osteotomies of the medial cuneiform are performed to correct pronation and supination forefoot deformities, respectively. These effects may not be desirable. This biplanar effect of medial cuneiform osteotomies has been observed but not studied. The purpose of this study was to perform the 4 commonly used medial cuneiform osteotomy techniques on cadaveric feet to demonstrate their biplanar effects. Methods. Four formaldehyde preserved cadaveric feet were used to perform 4 techniques of medial cuneiform osteotomy: dorsiflexion plantar-based opening wedge, plantar flexion dorsal-based opening wedge, dorsiflexion dorsal-based closing wedge, and plantar flexion plantar-based closing wedge. Photographs and fluoroscopy were used to assess the angular changes in the sagittal and transverse planes. Angular measurements were made using OsiriX software on fluoroscopic images. Results. The medial cuneiform opening wedge osteotomies produced midfoot abduction in addition to the desired dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. The medial cuneiform closing wedge osteotomies produced midfoot adduction in addition to the desired dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Conclusion. We confirm that intentional sagittal uniplanar osteotomies of the medial cuneiform create obligate biplanar effects. This is likely a result of tethering by ligaments and the joint capsules on the lateral border of the medial cuneiform. The obligate transverse plane effect can be used to one’s advantage or result in an undesired effect if not considered during surgical planning and execution. We propose a simple treatment algorithm for selecting the appropriate medial cuneiform osteotomy for forefoot/midfoot deformities. Levels of Evidence: Level V
How mHealth Apps with Higher Usability Effects on Patients with Breast Cancer?
Authors: Ebnali Mahdi , Shah Mousgan , Mazloumi Adel 
Published: September 2019

Background and Method: This study compared the effects of self-management mHealth (mobile health) apps and conventional intervention (brochure) on the quality of life (QoL) and exercise engagement of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, the current research aimed to investigate how usability improvement in mHealth leads to increased exercise engagement and QoL. To select apps with different level of usability, a heuristic usability testing using was conducted. Three apps with varying scores of usability - low, average, and high- were selected to enter in a randomized control trial (RCT) experiment. We formed 4 groups of intervention including the app with the highest usability (App5), the app with average usability (App4), the app with the lowest usability (App3), and the brochure. In each group, 5 patients, randomly selected from 20 patients, entered to the experiment and started to use the assigned mHealth app for 6 weeks. Results: The results showed that QoL scores were significantly higher for all participants in app groups compared to the broacher group. Further analysis of the results showed that the patients in App5 group reported higher QoL compared to patients in App4, App3, and brochure groups. In addition, patients in App5 and App4 groups reported more engagement in physical activities. Self-reported engagement in exercise data was not wholly consistent with engagement data logged by phones. Usability evaluation of apps from the patients’ perspective showed that, similar to heuristic usability, the patients rated App5 with higher usability score. The correlation analysis showed that user usability score was positively correlated with heuristic usability score. Moreover, other correlation analysis revealed that patients who rated the app with higher usability score, reported more commitment to physical activities. These results may imply that, compared to conventional intervention (brochure), mHealth apps engaged the patients in physical activities with a higher degree, and consequently improved their QoL.
Usability of Hand Hygiene Observation Apps
Authors: Sivek Amanda , Sparnon Erin , Tremoulet Patrice D 
Published: September 2019

Effective hand hygiene among clinicians decreases the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and helps slow the rate of antibiotic resistance, but hand hygiene compliance (HHC) rates among clinicians is often low. Facility-wide HHC monitoring is required by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. In general, HHC monitoring is important to identify facility care areas, units or departments that have low HHC rates so that targeted interventions can be implemented. Recently several hand hygiene observation apps (HHOA), which enable observers to use mobile devices to record HHC data, have become available. The overall goal of our effort was to evaluate how helpful five different HHOAs were in supporting users in collecting and aggregating HHC data. Overall our participants, which included nine individuals with clinical training, and eight biomedical engineers found that all five HHOAs were fairly hard to use given that they have a relatively simple and straightforward function. There was an interesting interaction, however, with the biomedical engineers rating highest the HHOAs that the clinically-trained users rated lowest.
Improvements in functional and cognitive status following short-term pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD lung transplant recipients: a pilot study
Authors: Andrianopoulos Vasileios , Gloeckl Rainer , Boensch Martina , Hoster Katharina , Schneeberger Tessa , Jarosch Inga , Koczulla Rembert A. , Kenn Klaus 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following lung transplantation (LTx) is considered part of the optimal treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for favourable post-operative outcomes. We investigated the effects of a PR intervention in the post-transplant phase with regard to lung function, exercise responses and cognitive function in COPD LTx recipients.Methods24 COPD LTx recipients (mean±sdforced expiratory volume in 1 s 75±22% predicted) were assigned to a comprehensive 3-week inpatient PR programme. Changes from PR admission to discharge in lung function variables, 6-min walk test-derived outcomes and cognitive function were assessed and examined for several factors. The magnitude of changes was interpreted by effect size (ES).ResultsIn response to the PR intervention, LTx recipients had improved lung function with regard to diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (+4.3%; p=0.012) and static hyperinflation (residual volume/total lung capacity −2.3%; p=0.017), increased exercise capacity (6-min walk test +86 m; p<0.001), and had small to large improvements (ES range 0.23–1.00; all p≤0.34) in 50% of the administered cognitive tests. Learning skills and memory ability presented the greatest benefits (ES composite scores 0.62 and 0.31, respectively), which remained similar after stratification by single or bilateral LTx and sex.ConclusionsPR is an effective treatment for LTx recipients in the post-transplant phase, improving lung function, exercise responses, and domains of cognitive function of learning, memory and psychomotor speed. PR may facilitate the course of post-operative treatment and should be recommended in LTx.