bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and regional drivers of taxonomic homogenization in stream communities along a land use gradient
Authors: Budnick William R. , Leboucher Thibault , Belliard Jérôme , Soininen Janne , Lavoie Isabelle , Pound Katrina , Jamoneau Aurélien , Tison‐Rosebery Juliette , Tales Evelyne , Pajunen Virpi , Campeau Stéphane , Passy Sophia I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe interaction of land use with local versus regional processes driving biological homogenization (β‐diversity loss) is poorly understood. We explored: (a) stream β‐diversity responses to land cover (forest versus agriculture) in terms of physicochemistry and physicochemical heterogeneity; (b) whether these responses were constrained by the regional species pool, i.e. γ‐diversity, or local assembly processes through local (α) diversity; (c) whether local assembly operated through the regional species abundance distribution (SAD) or intraspecific spatial aggregation; and (d) the dependence on body size, dispersal capacity and trophic level (producer versus consumer).LocationUSA, Canada and France.Time period1993–2012.Major taxa studiedStream diatoms, insects and fish.MethodsWe analysed six datasets totalling 1,225 stream samples. We compared diversity responses to eutrophication and physicochemical heterogeneity in forested versus agricultural streams with regression methods. Null models quantified the contribution of local assembly to β‐diversity (β‐deviance, βDEV) for both types of land covers and partitioned it into fractions explained by the regional SAD (βSAD) versus aggregation (βAGG).ResultsEutrophication explained homogenization and more uneven regional SADs across groups, but local and regional biodiversity responses differed across taxa. The βDEV was insensitive to land use. The βSAD largely exceeded βAGG and was higher in agriculture.Main conclusionsEutrophication but not physicochemical heterogeneity of agricultural streams underlay β‐diversity loss in diatoms, insects and fish. Agriculture did not constrain the magnitude of local versus regional effects on β‐diversity but controlled the local assembly mechanisms. Although the SAD fraction dominated in both land covers, it increased further in agriculture at the expense of aggregation. Notably, the regional SADs were more uneven in agriculture, exhibiting excess common species or stronger dominance. Diatoms and insects diverged from fish in terms of biodiversity, SAD shape and βDEV patterns, suggesting an overriding role of body size and/or dispersal capacity compared with trophic position.
Verapamil and Cluster Headache: Still a Mystery. A Narrative Review of Efficacy, Mechanisms and Perspectives
Authors: Petersen Anja S. , Barloese Mads C. J. , Snoer Agneta , Soerensen Anne Mette S. , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveA evaluation of the effect of verapamil and other calcium channel blockers in cluster headache (CH) treatment and an investigation of possible effect mechanisms.BackgroundVerapamil has been used in the prevention of CH for almost 3 decades, however, the mode of action and therapeutic target is still unknown.MethodsA Pubmed search was conducted: “Verapamil”[Mesh] and “Cluster Headache”[Mesh]. We identified 5 relevant studies for CH. Publications were included if they made a substantial contribution within 3 prespecified areas: Efficacy (randomized controlled‐trials or open labels studies), safety, and mechanism of effect.ResultsClinical effect: Clinical preventive treatment of CH with verapamil is based on 2 randomized controlled studies and 3 open‐label studies. In total, 183 CH patients participated. Verapamil 360 mg/day was used in both controlled studies. Half of the chronic patients experienced benefit from verapamil treatment and the attack burden of episodic patients was, on average, reduced by 1 attack/day. Open‐label studies support a dose‐dependent level of efficacy. Mechanism of effect: Human and animal studies indicate that verapamil may exert its effect by modulating circadian rhythms, perhaps in central pacemakers, and/or by affecting release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide.ConclusionVerapamil appears to be an effective prophylactic drug in the treatment of CH and despite the scarcity of controlled trials, it is still the drug of choice. A chronotherapeutic approach might increase the effect. More basic and pharmacokinetic research is needed before the mechanism can be fully understood.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of Brazilian hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts
Authors: Almeida Aline da Rosa , Maciel Matheus Vinícius de Oliveira Brisola , Machado Michelle Heck , Bazzo Giovana Carolina , de Armas Rafael Dutra , Vitorino Vinicius Bittencourt , Vitali Luciano , Block Jane Mara , Barreto Pedro Luiz Manique 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBioactive compounds from Brazilian hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars were extracted by ultrasound and their phenolic profile compared with commercial hop from the USA. The most effective extraction conditions (solution of ethanol 49%, at 52 °C and a solid/liquid ratio of 1 g per 34 mL) for the total phenolic compounds (TPC) were determined using a Central Composite Rotatable Design. The Brazilian hop showed higher content of TPC (33.93 ± 0.67 mg GAE g−1), total flavonoids (54.47 ± 0.10 mg QE g−1) and higher antioxidant activity (ABTS: EC50 21.29 ± 1.36 μL mL−1; DPPH: EC50 3.91 ± 0.17 μL mL−1) when compared with the USA hop. The main phenolic compounds present in the extracts were the flavonoids isoquercitrin and quercetin. The antioxidant properties of the Brazilian hop extract had not been reported yet in the literature for this raw material, thus showing potential to be incorporated in polymeric films used as active packaging.
Physical, sensory, in‐vitro starch digestibility and glycaemic index of granola bars prepared using sucrose alternatives
Authors: Sethupathy Priyanka , Suriyamoorthy Priyanga , Moses Jeyan A. , Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryGranola bars were prepared using barley flakes, groundnut bits, cocoa powder, sucrose and/or sucrose alternatives (coconut sugar, fructooligosaccharide and inulin). Apart from sensory acceptance, nutritional composition, energy values and glycaemic responses (glycaemic index, GI and glycaemic load, GL) of the bars were evaluated. Physico‐chemical properties and sensorial acceptance of granola bar made with coconut sugar and fructooligosaccharide were on par with those made with sucrose. Further, all formulated granola bars, except with inulin, were intermediate moisture foods. GI of all five formulations of granola bars was <55; ranging between 51 and 54.9, corresponding to low glycaemic food. Granola bars with coconut sugar had high GL (≥20), while bars prepared with FOS, inulin and without sugar were in the medium range (>10 to <20). Effect of choice of raw materials, complexity of matrix structure and particle size of ingredients on GI and GL of the bars is explained.
Recovery of protein hydrolysates from brewer’s spent grain using enzyme and ultrasonication
Authors: Yu Dajun , Sun Yewei , Wang Wenjun , O’Keefe Sean F. , Neilson Andrew P. , Feng Hao , Wang Zhiwu , Huang Haibo 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop a green ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic process to separate protein from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) to produce protein hydrolysates and determine the physicochemical properties of produced protein hydrolysates. When the enzyme (Alcalase) loading increased from 1 to 20 μL g−1 BSG, the protein separation efficiency increased from 34.0% to 61.6%. The application of ultrasound pretreatment further increased protein separation efficiency to 69.8%. More promisingly, the ultrasound pretreatment was able to reduce enzyme loading by 73% and decrease enzyme incubation time by 56%. The produced protein hydrolysates had molecular weights lower than 15 kDa and high protein solubilities at the pH of 1.0–11.0. The ultrasound pretreatment improved the protein solubility to above 90%. Glutamic acid and proline were the most abundant amino acids in produced protein hydrolysates. This study demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis along with ultrasound pretreatment is an effective way to separate protein from BSG.
Novel gallate‐based oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with wide transparency, high refractive indices, and low dispersions
Authors: Chung Jaeyeop , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Yananba Yutaka , Nakatsuka Yuko , Inoue Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe glass‐forming region of a BaO‐La2O3‐Ga2O3 ternary system was confirmed and BaF2‐BaO‐La2O3‐Ga2O3 new oxyfluoride glasses were prepared by a containerless processing. We also analyzed the physical, thermal, and optical properties of new oxide and oxyfluoride glasses. The direct effects of the substitution of oxygen by fluorine and the effect of BaO and La2O3 on the refractive index and Abbe number were discussed on the basis of electronic polarizability and resonance wavelength of oscillator. The refractive indices increased with increasing La2O3 concentration because La2O3 increased the electronic polarizabilities. Abbe number increased with increasing BaO and fluorine concentration because of the decrease in resonance wavelength of oscillator. By the combination of the BaO, La2O3, and fluorine in the gallate glass system, we could obtain novel oxide and oxyfluoride glasses with high refractive index (1.81‐1.95) and high Abbe number (31‐55). The absorption edge in UV region shifted to the shorter wavelength and IR cut‐off wavelength shifted to the longer wavelength with increasing fluorine. Therefore, wide transparent glass was obtained from 262 nm to 11.3 μm.
Berberine attenuates XRCC1‐mediated base excision repair and sensitizes breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Gao Xingjie , Wang Jing , Li Meiqi , Wang Jia , Lv Jian , Zhang Lu , Sun Caifeng , Ji Jiamei , Yang Wenbo , Zhao Zinan , Mao Weifeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBerberine (BBR) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, which is used in traditional medicine for its anti‐microbial, anti‐protozoal, anti‐diarrhoeal activities. Berberine interacts with DNA and displays anti‐cancer activities, yet its effects on cellular DNA repair and on synthetic treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of BBR on DNA repair and on sensitization of breast cancer cells to different types of DNA damage anti‐tumoural drugs. We found BBR arrested cells in the cell cycle S phase and induced DNA breaks. Cell growth analysis showed BBR sensitized MDA‐MB‐231 cells to cisplatin, camptothecin and methyl methanesulfonate; however, BBR had no synergistic effects with hydroxurea and olaparib. These results suggest BBR only affects specific DNA repair pathways. Western blot showed BBR down‐regulated XRCC1 expressions, and the rescued XRCC1 recovered the resistance of cancer cells to BBR. Therefore, we conclude that BBR interferes with XRCC1‐mediated base excision repair to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. These finding can contribute to understanding the effects of BBR on cellular DNA repair and the clinical employment of BBR in treatment of breast cancer.
Shared decision‐making in maternity care: Acknowledging and overcoming epistemic defeaters
Authors: Begley Keith , Daly Deirdre , Panda Sunita , Begley Cecily 
Published: July 2019

AbstractShared decision‐making involves health professionals and patients/clients working together to achieve true person‐centred health care. However, this goal is infrequently realized, and most barriers are unknown. Discussion between philosophers, clinicians, and researchers can assist in confronting the epistemic and moral basis of health care, with benefits to all. The aim of this paper is to describe what shared decision‐making is, discuss its necessary conditions, and develop a definition that can be used in practice to support excellence in maternity care. Discussion between the authors, with backgrounds in philosophy, clinical maternity care, health care management, and maternity care research, assisted the team to confront established norms in maternity care and challenge the epistemic and moral basis of decision‐making for caesarean section. The team concluded that shared decision‐making must start in pregnancy and continue throughout labour and birth, with equality in discourse facilitated by the clinician. Clinicians have a duty of care for the adequacy of women's knowledge, which can only be fulfilled when relevant knowledge is offered freely and when personal beliefs and biases that may impinge on decision‐making (defeaters) are disclosed. Informed consent is not shared decision‐making. Key barriers include existing cultural norms of “the doctor knows best” and “patient acquiescence” that prevent defeaters being acknowledged and discussed and can lead to legal challenges, overuse of medical intervention and, in some areas, obstetric violence. Shared decision‐making in maternity care can thus be defined as an enquiry by clinician and expectant woman aimed at deciding upon a course of care or none, which takes the form of a dialogue within which the clinician fulfils their duty of care to the client's knowledge by making available their complete knowledge (based on all types of evidence) and expertise, including an exposition of any relevant and recognized potential defeaters. Research to develop measurement tools is required.
Soybean roasting using continuous solar roaster–A decentralized approach for agricultural processing
Authors: Raza Ali , Munir Anjum , Ghafoor Abdul , Ali Shoukat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a continuous solar roaster for the roasting of soybeans. The system comprises a 10 m2 fixed focus concentrator coupled with the continuous solar roasting system which is designed for decentralized processing of agricultural products in medium to high temperature range. The independent variables of roasting time (10–30 min) and temperature (140–160°C) were optimized for soybean roasting using response surface methodology. The optimized roasting conditions were found to be 29 min and 160°C at which urease activity was decreased to 0.09 ΔpH, protein solubility decreased to 80.76% and protein dispersibility index decreased to 28.53%, which inferred quite satisfactory performance for continuous solar roaster for soybean roasting in terms of quality. Moreover, moisture and fat contents were reduced by 86.3 and 29.9%, respectively whereas protein, fiber, carbohydrate and ash contents were increased by 12.9, 10.6, 8.1, and 14.1%, respectively after roasting. It was also concluded that 100 kg soybean can be roasted successfully on a sunny day with average direct normal irradiance ranging between 600 and 800 W m−2. The payback period of continuous solar roaster was estimated to be 1.3 years in terms of fuel savings.Practical applicationsRoasting of perishable agricultural products by concentrating solar power is a novel research area of solar thermal energy utilization in medium to high temperature range agricultural processing. A prototype of a continuous solar roaster (CSR) was developed that was fitted with a 10 m2 elliptical fixed focus concentrator and a copper coil heat receiver coupled with the roasting unit. The CSR can generate a temperature >200°C for roasting with available direct normal irradiance (DNI) of 600–800 Wm−2 during the peak hours on a sunny day, thus capable of roasting a variety of agricultural products between 150 and 220°C. The farmers can install CSR at farm‐gate level for commercialized value addition as it is completely independent from fossil fuel based energy supplies for thermal and electric energy generation. Significant socio‐economic benefits could be realized for small to medium scale rural farming communities with this decentralized and eco‐friendly technology particularly in developing countries.
Rate or Rhythm Control in Older Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Risk of Fall‐Related Injuries and Syncope
Authors: Dalgaard Frederik , Pallisgaard Jannik L. , Numé Anna‐Karin , Lindhardt Tommi Bo , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Ruwald Martin H. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESManagement of atrial fibrillation (AF) with rate and/or rhythm control could lead to fall‐related injuries and syncope, especially in the older AF population. We aimed to determine the association of rate and/or rhythm control with fall‐related injuries and syncope in a real‐world older AF cohort.DESIGNA retrospective cohort study.SETTINGDanish nationwide administrative registries from 2000 to 2015.PARTICIPANTSA total of 100 935 patients with AF aged 65 years or older claiming prescription of rate‐lowering drugs (RLDs) and/or anti‐arrhythmic drugs (AADs) were included. We compared the use of rate‐lowering monotherapy with rate‐lowering dual therapy, AAD monotherapy, and AAD combined with rate‐lowering therapy.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes were fall‐related injuries and syncope as a composite end point (primary) or separate end point (secondary).RESULTSIn this population, the median age was 78 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 72‐84 y), and 53 481 (53.0%) were women. During a median follow‐up of 2.1 years (IQR = 1.0‐5.1), 17 132 (17.0%) experienced a fall‐related injury, 5745 (5.7%) had a syncope, and 21 093 (20.9%) experienced either. Compared with rate‐lowering monotherapy, AADs were associated with a higher risk of fall‐related injuries and syncope. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the composite end point was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐1.43) for AAD monotherapy and 1.46 [95% CI = 1.34‐1.58] for AAD combined with rate‐lowering therapy. When stratifying by individual drugs, amiodarone significantly increased the risk of fall‐related injuries and syncope (IRR = 1.40 [1.26‐1.55]). Compared with more than 180 days of rate‐lowering monotherapy, a higher risk of all outcomes was seen in the first 90 days of any treatment; however, the greatest risk was in the first 14 days for those treated with AADs.CONCLUSIONIn AF patients aged 65 years and older, AAD use was associated with a higher risk of fall‐related injuries and syncope, and the risk was highest within the first 14 days for those treated with AADs. Only amiodarone use was associated with a higher risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2023–2030, 2019
Making the Most of Mealtimes (M3): effect of eating occasions and other covariates on energy and protein intake among Canadian older adult residents in long‐term care
Authors: Trinca V. , Morrison J. , Slaughter S. , Keller H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFood intake varies among long‐term care (LTC) residents and, as a result, some residents are at risk for protein‐energy malnutrition and its consequences, such as sarcopenia. The present study aimed to determine whether eating occasions, as well as other factors that may vary with eating occasions (e.g. family/volunteer presence), were associated with energy and protein intake at meals and snacks.MethodsThe present study comprised a secondary analysis of the cross‐sectional Making the Most of Mealtimes study, including 630 residents (median age 88.00 years, range 62–107 years; 197 males) from 32 Canadian LTC homes. An analysis of variance compared protein and energy intake at meals and snacks. Mixed repeated measures linear regression testing for meal and relevant covariates (e.g. family/volunteer presence) was also conducted.ResultsEnergy and protein intake was significantly associated with eating occasions (F = 44.31, P < 0.001; F = 12.72, P < 0.001), with the greatest energy intake at breakfast, and the greatest protein intake at dinner. Regression analysis confirmed these findings when considering other factors. Covariates associated with higher intake included: being male (+79 kcal; +3.4 g protein), living on a dementia care unit (+39 kcal; +2.1 g protein) and family/volunteer presence at meals (+58 kcal; +2.5 g protein). Intake was lowest in the oldest age group (−59 kcal; −3.6 g protein) and for those sometimes requiring eating assistance (−36 kcal; −2.0 g protein).ConclusionsEnergy and protein intake appears to be associated with eating occasions. Based on these exploratory findings, LTC homes may consider providing more protein‐dense foods at breakfast. Protein and energy dense snacks could also be used more extensively to support intake.
Oxygen isotopic composition of an enstatite ribbon of probable cometary origin
Authors: Ogliore Ryan C. , Brownlee Donald E. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Joswiak David J. , Lewis Josiah B. , Krot Alexander N. , Utt Kainen L. , Huss Gary R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFilamentary enstatite crystals are found in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) of likely cometary origin but are very rare or absent in meteorites. Crystallographic characteristics of filamentary enstatites indicate that they condensed directly from vapor. We measured the O isotopic composition of an enstatite ribbon from a giant cluster IDP to be δ18O = 25 ± 55, δ17O = −19 ± 129, ∆17O = −32 ± 134 (2σ errors), which is inconsistent at the 2σ level with the composition of the Sun inferred from the Genesis solar wind measurements. The particle's O isotopic composition, consistent with the terrestrial composition, implies that it condensed from a gas of nonsolar O isotopic composition, possibly as a result of vaporization of disk region enriched in 16O‐depleted solids. The relative scarcity of filamentary enstatite in asteroids compared to comets implies either that this crystal condensed from dust vaporized in situ in the outer solar system where comets formed or it condensed in the inner solar system and was subsequently transported outward to the comet‐forming region.
Breastfeeding advice for reality: Women's perspectives on primary care support in South Africa
Authors: Doherty Tanya , Horwood Christiane , Haskins Lyn , Magasana Vuyolwethu , Goga Ameena , Feucht Ute , Sanders David , Tylleskar Thorkild , Kauchali Shuaib , Dhansay Muhammad Ali , Rollins Nigel , Kroon Max , Engebretsen Ingunn M. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreastfeeding education and support are critical health worker skills. Confusion surrounding infant feeding advice linked to the HIV epidemic has reduced the confidence of health workers to support breastfeeding. High antiretroviral therapy coverage of breastfeeding women living with HIV, and an Infant Feeding policy supportive of breastfeeding, now provides an opportunity to improve breastfeeding practices. Challenges remain in restoring health worker confidence to support breastfeeding. This qualitative study presents findings from focus group discussions with mothers of young infants, exploring their experiences of health worker breastfeeding counselling and support. Analysis followed the thematic framework approach. Six researchers reviewed the transcripts, coded them independently, then jointly reviewed the codes, and agreed on a working analytical framework. Although mothers received antenatal breastfeeding messages, these appeared to focus rigidly on the importance of exclusivity. Mothers described receiving some practical support with initiation of breastfeeding after delivery, but support and advice for post‐natal breastfeeding challenges were often incorrect or absent. The support also ignored the context in which women make infant feeding decisions, including returning to work and pressures from family members. Despite improved breastfeeding policies, restoring confidence in health workers to support breastfeeding remains a challenge. The post‐natal period, when mothers experience breastfeeding difficulties, is particularly critical, and our findings reinforce the importance of continuity of care between communities and health facilities. This research has implications for how health workers are trained to support breastfeeding. Greater attention is needed on developing skills and confidence in identifying, assessing, and supporting women experiencing breastfeeding challenges.