bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐emerging role of macroscopic appearance in treatment strategy for gastric cancer
Authors: Hosoda Kei , Watanabe Masahiko , Yamashita Keishi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPathological outcomes are definitely the most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer, but they can be obtained only after surgical resection. Use of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is becoming widespread for aggressive human cancer, so clinical factors such as macroscopic features are important as they are highly predictive for patient prognosis. In gastric cancer, the macroscopic type represents a distinct prognosis; Type 0 represents early gastric cancer with excellent prognosis, but, among advanced tumors, giant Type III and Type IV tumors have a dismal prognosis. Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Stomach Cancer Study Group adopted macroscopic features as high‐risk entities in clinical trials. It makes sense for risk classification to use macroscopic phenotypes because The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Network has lately subcategorized different histologies associated with specific macroscopic types by the molecular features of the whole genome. Dismal prognosis of Type IV gastric cancer is notorious, but similar prognosis was seen in giant Type III gastric cancer defined as 8 cm or beyond, both of which are unique for their propensity of peritoneal dissemination. In this review, clinical relevance including prognosis of such macroscopic high‐risk features will be separately debated in the context of precision medicine and updated prognostic outcomes will be presented under the present standard therapy of curative surgery followed by postoperative S‐1 chemotherapy. Moreover, promising emerging novel therapeutic strategies including trimodal potent regimens or intraperitoneal chemotherapy will be described for such aggressive gastric cancer.
Formation of Hypoxanthine Tetrad by Reaction with Sodium Chloride: From Planar to Stereo
Authors: Chen Chong , Ding Pengcheng , Mura Manuela , Chen Yanghan , Sun Ye , Kantorovich Lev N. , Gersen Henkjan , Besenbacher Flemming , Yu Miao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBy reacting with NaCl on Au(111), the formation of hypoxanthine (HX) tetrads is demonstrated at the atomic scale in real space. These results directly demonstrate that alternative purine tetrads can be formed in both planar and non‐planar configuration, and that ionic bonding plays a crucial role for the formation and planar‐to‐stereo transformation of the tetrads, providing deeper insight for constructing artificial DNA/RNA quadruplexes. Moreover, both the tilted HXs and Na show strong charge transfer with the substrate in the non‐planar phase. The insights gained by this work also open up new routes to tune the electrostatic nature of metal–organic interfaces and design stereo‐nanostructures on surfaces.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Pyrazines and Pyrroles
Authors: Xu Jin , Green Anthony P. , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHerein we report the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted pyrazines and pyrroles using a transaminase (ATA) to mediate the key amination step of the ketone precursors. Treatment of α‐diketones with ATA‐113 in the presence of a suitable amine donor yielded the corresponding α‐amino ketones which underwent oxidative dimerization to the pyrazines. Selective amination of α‐diketones in the presence of β‐keto esters afforded substituted pyrroles in a biocatalytic equivalent of the classical Knorr pyrrole synthesis. Finally we have shown that pyrroles can be prepared by internal amine transfer catalyzed by a transaminase in which no external amine donor is required.
Flexible Films of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Ultralow Dielectric Constants under High Humidity
Authors: Shao Pengpeng , Li Jie , Chen Fan , Ma Li , Li Qingbin , Zhang Mengxi , Zhou Junwen , Yin Anxiang , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCovalent organic framework (COF) films combine the processability of polymers with the porosity and atomic precision of crystalline porous materials, properties that are long‐sought‐after in electronics yet hard to realize. Herein, we prepared four flexible COF films with different alkoxy side chains via interfacial polymerization. The COF films exhibit an ultralow dielectric constant (κ=1.19±0.04 at 105 Hz), small dielectric loss (<0.02, 103–106 Hz), high breakdown voltage (>63 kV cm−1) and low leakage current (10−10 A cm−2 at 1 kV cm−1). They have considerable mechanical strength, and ability to withstand high humidity (RH 70 % for 10 days) and repeated bending (1000 times) without losing their dielectric properties. Extension of the alkoxy chains reduces the film's κ and enhances its moisture resistance, while incorporation of guest molecules further increase the κ value up to 43 times.
Black Box Parenting Program for Substance‐Abusing Fathers: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Torres Marianne , Deane Frank P. , Sng Rebecca , Quinlan Elly 
Published: October 2018

Substance‐abusing fathers have reported parenting difficulties and there is a need for interventions that address these concerns and support these men. The present study conducted a feasibility trial of the Black Box Parenting Program for fathers in residential substance abuse treatment settings. The study had a mixed methods design that assessed for demand, implementation, preliminary efficacy, and acceptability. Measures included pre‐ and post‐questionnaires on parenting self‐efficacy and satisfaction, perceived closeness in the parent–child relationship, feelings of guilt and engagement, and satisfaction with treatment. In addition, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with participants post‐treatment. Across four groups, the 19 fathers successfully completed the program. Following the intervention, there was a significant decrease in feelings of guilt and a strong motivation to continue to seek help with parenting. Parental self‐efficacy and perceived closeness in the parent–child relationship did not significantly improve from pre to post‐treatment. Qualitative data indicate that fathers were very satisfied with the program. Satisfaction with treatment was strongly related to parental self‐efficacy. Systemic barriers prevented delivery of the program at some treatment sites and parts of the program could not be implemented at multiple sites. Overall, the program shows promise in being able to reduce the barriers to help‐seeking such as guilt and poor retention. However, it requires the right service structure to achieve successful implementation.
Coordination behaviour and biological activity studies involving theoretical docking of bis‐Schiff base ligand and some of its transition metal complexes
Authors: Zayed Ehab M. , Zayed Mohamed A. , Hindy Ahmed M.M. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: October 2018

The Schiff base ligand 1,2‐bis(2‐vinylphenoxy)ethane‐4,6‐diaminopyrimidine‐2‐thiol derived from the condensation of 4,6‐diaminopyrimidine‐2‐thiol with bisaldehyde was synthesized and characterized. Coordination compounds of this Schiff base with transition metal cations Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) were synthesized and characterized. Microanalytical data, magnetic moments, mass, 1H NMR and infrared spectra, molar conductance measurements and thermal analyses were used to confirm the structures of the obtained Schiff base ligand and its chelates. According to the data obtained, the 1:1 general stoichiometric formulae of chelates are given by [M(HL)(H2O)2]Cl2 (M = Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II)) and [Fe(HL)(H2O)2]Cl3. The diffuse reflectance spectra and magnetic moment measurements suggest an octahedral geometry for the complexes. The bis‐Schiff base ligand and metal ions are coordinated in a tetradentate manner via OO and NN donor sites as confirmed by infrared spectra. These complexes were then subjected to antibacterial studies using Gram‐positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative (Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli) organisms. The ligand and metal complexes exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity against both types of bacteria. A docking study was conducted to evaluate the nature of the binding of the ligand and the most biologically active complexes to protein active sites of these bacteria.
Utilization of single‐image normalized difference vegetation index (SI‐NDVI) for early plant stress detection
Authors: Beisel Nicole S. , Callaham Jordan B. , Sng Natasha J. , Taylor Dylan J. , Paul Anna‐Lisa , Ferl Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyAn imaging system was refined to monitor the health of vegetation grown in controlled conditions using spectral reflectance patterns. To measure plant health, the single‐image normalized difference vegetation index (SI‐NDVI) compares leaf reflectance in visible and near‐infrared light spectrums.Methods and ResultsThe SI‐NDVI imaging system was characterized to assess plant responses to stress before visual detection during controlled stress assays. Images were analyzed using Fiji image processing software and Microsoft Excel to create qualitative false color images and quantitative graphs to detect plant stress.ConclusionsStress was detected in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings within 15 min of salinity application using SI‐NDVI analysis, before stress was visible. Stress was also observed during ammonium nitrate treatment of Eruca sativa plants before visual detection. Early detection of plant stress is possible using SI‐NDVI imaging, which is both simpler to use and more cost efficient than traditional dual‐image NDVI or hyper‐spectral imaging.
Euxanthone Impairs the Metastatic Potential of Osteosarcoma by Reducing COX‐2 Expression
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Deng Min , Zhou Xinshe , Wang Xuyi , Ye Yuchen , Zhu Jun , Jiang Huafeng , Chen Xiaotian , Zha Wenju 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignancies of bone. This study was aimed to explore the anti‐metastatic effect of euxanthone on OS. Adhesion assay and Transwell assay were used to examine the effect of euxanthone on adhesion, migration and invasion of OS cells. COX‐2‐over‐expressing plasmid was applied to transfect OS cells to assess whether COX‐2 affects the anti‐metastatic function of euxanthone. PDCD4 knockdown and miR‐21 mimic were applied to assess whether euxanthone suppresses the transactivation of c‐jun via modulating miR‐21‐PDCD4 signaling. The effect of euxanthone in vivo was also examined by lung metastasis assay. Euxanthone, a xanthone derivative extracted from Polygala caudata, has been found to exhibit anti‐neoplastic activities. In present study, our results showed that euxanthone suppressed cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in OS cells. Our experimental data also showed that repression of COX‐2 by euxanthone mediated its anti‐metastatic activities. Moreover, our findings revealed that euxanthone modulated the COX‐2 expression through the miR‐21/PDCD4/c‐jun signaling pathway. The anti‐metastatic activities of euxanthone were also validated in a pulmonary metastasis model. Taken together, our results highlighted the potential of euxanthone to be used in the treatment of OS. Anat Rec, 302:1399–1408, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkenyl Halides with 4‐Benzyl‐1,4‐ Dihydropyridines Associated with E to Z Isomerization under Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Nakajima Kazunari , Guo Xifeng , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions of alkenyl halides with 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as alkylation reagents have been achieved by combination of nickel and photoredox catalysts. Alkenyl halides bearing alkyl and aryl substituents are available. Particularly, in the use of aryl‐substituted alkenyl halides, cross‐coupling reactions are associated with E to Z isomerization of alkenes. Thus, Z‐isomers of the products are obtained as major products. The present strategy provides a novel synthetic method to control the stereochemistry around alkenes.
Einfluss ermüdungsinduzierter Mikrorisse in Betonbauteilen auf den Eintrag flüssiger Medien
Authors: Breitenbücher Rolf , Przondziono Robin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauteilen wird nachhaltig durch das Vordringen betonschädigender bzw. korrosionsfördernder Stoffe (Kohlendioxid, Chloride, Säuren, Sulfate, Alkalien usw.) in das Betongefüge bestimmt. Um diese Prozesse gering zu halten, wird vor allem auf ein dichtes Gefüge der Mörtelmatrix durch entsprechend niedrigen Wasserzementwert geachtet. Werden Betonbauteile während ihrer Nutzung zyklisch beansprucht, findet im Betongefüge sehr schnell eine Degradation in Form von mikrostrukturellen Schädigungen statt. Diese zeigen sich nicht makroskopisch, sondern in Form von feinsten Mikrorissen mit Breiten von etwa 5–15 μm in der Mörtelmatrix. Diese begünstigen wiederum den Eintrag von flüssigen Medien und damit auch betonangreifenden Stoffen.Typische Beispiele hierfür sind Verkehrsflächen aus Beton, die zum einen durch Verkehrslasten hohen zyklischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, zum anderen im Winter mit alkalihaltigen Taumitteln beaufschlagt werden. Solch eine externe Alkalizufuhr begünstigt eine betonschädigende Allkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) nachhaltig. Ähnlich verhält es sich auch bei Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen im Meerwasser.In einschlägigen Untersuchungen lag der Fokus auf der Charakterisierung der Degradationseffekte auf mikrostruktureller Ebene des Betons sowie auf dem Transportverhalten von flüssigen Medien in sowohl intaktes als auch so vorgeschädigtes Betongefüge.
Ni2P Nanoflake Array/Three Dimensional Graphene Architecture as Integrated Free‐Standing Anode for Boosting the Sodiation Capability and Stability
Authors: Li Huijun , Wang Xiaomin , Zhao Zhenxin , Tian Zhen , Zhang Ding , Wu Yucheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch on transition‐metal phosphides for sodium‐ion battery anodes has received increasing attention owing to their high theoretically specific capacity. Unfortunately, the high volume expansion limits their further applications. Herein, a nanoflakes array Ni2P/three‐dimensional graphene in‐situ grown on Ni foam (Ni2P/3DG) is designed as free‐standing anode material. The structure characterization indicated that the Ni2P nanoflakes were combined with 3DG uniformly. The ultrasmall particle size and uniform distribution of the Ni2P/3DG particles plays a major role for the excellent reversible capacity (402.6 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 over 100 cycles), remarkable rate capability (273.3 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, the capacity return to 603.6 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and high initial coulombic efficiency (about 88.28 %). Moreover, the Ni2P/3DG showed low volume expansion (166.9 %) and no obvious sharp dendrite growth after 200 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect between 3DG and Ni2P. The nanoflake array can buffer the volume expansion and shorten the Na+ diffusion path. 3DG provides a conductive channel for charge transfer. The storage mechanism is related to a diffusion‐controlled process and capacitive behavior. Additionally, the Ni2P/3DG also reduces dendritic problems, improving safety and stability and has a great potential for Na‐storage.
Solid‐Liquid Separation
Authors: Anlauf Harald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuf der diesjährigen ACHEMA war die Fest/Flüssig‐Trenntechnik wieder in gewohnter Weise zahlreich vertreten. Neben einer großen Zahl etablierter Produkte und vielen Detailverbesserungen waren auch immer wieder interessante Neuentwicklungen zu beobachten. Ein besonders auffälliger neuer Trend war die häufige Präsentation von Spezialbrillen, mit denen Besucher Apparate und Maschinen in Augmented oder Virtual Reality erleben konnten. Exemplarisch werden aus dem gesamten Spektrum der Fest/Flüssig‐Trenntechnik von den Sedimentations‐ und Filterzentrifugen über Vakuum‐, Druck‐ und Pressfilter, Rückspül‐, Querstrom‐ und Tiefenfilter sowie Filtermedien und Filterhilfsmitteln Beispiele für die auf ACHEMA präsentierte Trenntechnik gegeben.
Distillation at ACHEMA 2018
Authors: Ehlers Christoph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Destillation ist bis heute eines der wichtigsten thermischen Trennverfahren in der chemischen Industrie. In der Regel werden die Trennaufgaben mithilfe von Rektifikationskolonnen gelöst, die mit trennwirksamen Einbauten wie Böden, Füllkörpern oder strukturierten Packungen versehen sind. Auf der diesjährigen ACHEMA präsentierten wieder zahlreiche Anbieter dieser Einbauten ihre Neu‐ und Weiterentwicklungen. Im Folgenden wird eine Auswahl unterschiedlicher Produktneuheiten vorgestellt.
Efficacy of a survivorship‐focused consultation versus a time‐controlled rehabilitation consultation in patients with lymphoma: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parker Patricia A. , Banerjee Smita C. , Matasar Matthew J. , Bylund Carma L. , Rogers Madeline , Franco Kara , Schofield Elizabeth , Li Yuelin , Levin Tomer T. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Astrow Alan B. , Leventhal Howard , Horwitz Steven , Kissane David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of cancer often describe a sense of abandonment after treatment along with heightened uncertainty and limited knowledge of what lies ahead. This study examined the efficacy of a survivorship care plan (SCP) intervention to help physicians to address survivorship issues through communication skills training plus a new consultation focused on the use of an SCP for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsThis 4‐site cluster randomized trial examined the efficacy of a survivorship planning consultation (SPC) in patients who achieved complete remission after the completion of first‐line therapy (for the SPC, physicians received communication skills training and, using an SCP, applied those skills in a survivorship‐focused office visit) versus a control arm in which physicians were trained in and subsequently provided a time‐controlled, manualized wellness rehabilitation consultation (WRC) focused only on discussion of healthy nutrition and exercise as rehabilitation after chemotherapy. The primary outcomes for patients were changes in knowledge about lymphoma and adherence to physicians’ recommendations for vaccinations and cancer screenings.ResultsForty‐two physicians and 198 patients participated across the 4 sites. Patients whose physicians were in the SPC arm had greater knowledge about their lymphoma (P = .01) and showed greater adherence to physician recommendations for influenza vaccinations (P = .02) and colonoscopy (P = .02) than patients whose physicians were in the WRC arm.ConclusionsA dedicated consultation using an SCP and supported by communication skills training may enhance patients’ knowledge and adherence to some health promotion recommendations.
Metal Nanoparticles Anchored on Rhenium Disulfide Nanosheets as Catalysts for the Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Dhenadhayalan Namasivayam , Lin Ta‐Wei , Veerakumar Pitchaimani , Lin King‐Chuen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nanohybrids of noble metal (M=Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Ru) nanoparticle‐decorated rhenium disulfide nanosheets (ReS2 NSs) were demonstrated as excellent catalysts towards the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The M/ReS2 nanohybrids were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method and characterization results proved that each metal nanoparticle was anchored on the ReS2 NSs. These nanohybrids exhibited superior catalytic performance towards the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds including 4‐nitrophenol, 2‐nitroaniline, and nitrobenzene. Interestingly, the Ru/ReS2 and Pd/ReS2 showed enhanced catalytic reduction compared to Ag/ReS2, Au/ReS2, and Pt/ReS2 and also showed significant catalytic stability due to metal nanoparticles anchored strongly on the surface of ReS2 NSs. Moreover, these M/ReS2 nanohybrids turned out to have much better catalytic performance compared to noble metal nanoparticle‐based catalysts. A plausible reduction mechanism was proposed for each nitro compound. It was verified that the metal‐nanoparticle‐mediated hydrogen transfer was involved in the reduction of nitro compounds to amines. This report demonstrates the catalytic activities for metal nanoparticle‐decorated ReS2 nanohybrids, which can serve as a paradigm to open up a future trend in the design of transition metal dichalcogenides nanohybrids as superior catalysts.
Study on tire‐ice traction using a combined neural network and secondary development finite element modeling method
Authors: Zhang Yuanchao , Gao Jingwei , Li Qiao 
Published: October 2018

SummaryResearch on tire‐ice traction theory is still in the basic stage, and there are large differences between the current theoretical calculation and engineering practice. Because testing of pneumatic tire performance on icy road is very expensive, and testing conditions are complex and variable, testing does not have higher repeatability. In this paper, a tire‐ice traction model is established based on a neural network and the finite‐element method. Through the model calculations, the traction characteristics of tires on ice can be well‐simulated. The method of combining the Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) optimizing algorithm with the neural network is used to predict the friction between tires and ice. The attributive characteristics of tires based on testing results are then measured. A nonlinear finite‐element model of a 37 × 12.5R16.5 tire is established by adopting the Yeoh model of rubber and researching existing tire‐ice driving traction models. This tire‐ice finite‐element model can predict the changes of drawbar pull and torque when driving on icy roads, and two different tire working conditions, ie, straight line and turning, are taken into consideration simultaneously. The influence of slip ratio, speed, load on drawbar pull, and torque are also explored.
Pyrolysis of the Cellulose Fraction of Biomass in the Presence of Solid Acid Catalysts: An Operando Spectroscopy and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Keturakis Christopher J. , Lapina Olga B. , Shubin Aleksandr A. , Terskikh Victor V. , Papulovskiy Evgeniy , Yudaev Ivan V. , Paukshtis Eugenii A. , Wachs Israel E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiomass pyrolysis by solid acid catalysts is one of many promising technologies for sustainable production of hydrocarbon liquid fuels and value‐added chemicals, but these complex chemical transformations are still poorly understood. A series of well‐defined model SiO2‐supported alumina catalysts were synthesized and molecularly characterized, under dehydrated conditions and during biomass pyrolysis, with the aim of establishing fundamental catalyst structure–activity/selectivity relationships. The nature and corresponding acidity of the supported AlOx nanostructures on SiO2 were determined with 27Al/1H NMR and IR spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO, and DFT calculations. Operando time‐resolved IR–Raman–MS spectroscopy studies revealed the molecular transformations taking place during biomass pyrolysis. The molecular transformations during biomass pyrolysis depended on both the domain size of the AlOx cluster and molecular nature of the biomass feedstock. These new insights allowed the establishment of fundamental structure–activity/selectivity relationships during biomass pyrolysis.