bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Mortality in Ghana: Impact of the Fee-Free Delivery Policy and the National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Sofo Seidu , Thompson Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

<p>Maternal mortality (MMR) is the second largest cause of female deaths in Ghana. Yet, many households cannot afford the cost of skilled delivery The study utilized the Panel Data Model to examine the impact of the fee-free delivery (FDP) and the National Health Insurance Policy (NIP) exemptions on MMR in Ghana. The Demographic and Health Survey reports on Ghana from 2002 to 2009 served as the main data source. Data were analyzed using Panel data model with within group fixed effects estimator. MMR declined significantly over the period studied. Both FDP and NIP positively impacted MMR at a 5% level of significance. In addition, skilled delivery was a significant predictor of MMR. Stakeholders would do well to ensure NIP is adequately funded in order to sustain the decline in MMR.</p><p> </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
A Case Study of Modern Medical Practice and Islamic Complementary Therapy on a Patient with Over 2000 Embedded Nails
Authors: Ab Rahman Nor Azian , Sukardi Sagiran , Husin Supyan 
Published: April 2018

<p>In South East Asia, patients often resort to various forms of complementary therapy apart from utilizing mainstream modern medicine in Hospitals. Islamic-based complementary therapy employs various forms of bio-physical, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual interventional methods based on the prevailing belief and cultural system to provide a holistic <em>Syariah</em> compliant approach in patient management. The concept of diseases caused by sorcery and paranormal means using intermediaries like Jinn and evil spirits that have been in existence since time immemorial across religions, cultures and societies around the world, for example, Homer in Ancient Greece, the legendary Medea, and Witch of Endor in the Bible. Currently, the practice of black magic and the belief in the paranormal still widely exist in the midst of modern civilization in this region. Modern medical practice has no definitive answer for a person with an unusual medical illness who is believed to have been afflicted by black magic because of its non-specific clinical presentation and non-response to conventional management paradigm which defies medical logic. In this paper, we describe a true case of a lady, 25 years-of-age, who suffered from more than 2000 nails embedded inside her body for one and a half years. Upon admission to a Hospital in Indonesia, she underwent a surgical procedure to remove all of the nails but to no avail; the nails re-appeared at other parts of her body. The surgical team later decided to conduct an Islamic complementary therapy on the patient, and subsequently, managed to extract all of the remaining nails without further bleeding. In conclusion, unusual or mysterious medical illness, sometimes referred to as idiopathic in etiology, not responding to conventional medical or surgical intervention, may potentially benefit from the use of Islamic complementary therapy.</p>
Barriers to Males Involvement in Family Planning Services in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia: Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Tamiso Alemu , Tassew Admasu , Bekele Henok , Zemede Zale , Dulla Admasu 
Published: April 2018

Effective utilization of family planning services are major contributors of improved maternal health. This, in turn, needs adequate involvement of male partners through direct uptake the services and approval of the spouses’ usage. Yet the family planning method utilization as well as male involvement is indicated to be low in Ethiopia. Qualitative case study was conducted in August 2015 in Arba Minch town to identify barriers to male involvement in uptake of family planning services. Open ended, semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the participants. Four men and four women are purposively selected. Interviews were conducted in audibly private location after verbal consent was obtained from the recruited individuals. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The narratives were then translated to English and the responses are aggregated in to nine concepts. The final aggregated data were analyzed using OpenCode 3.4 software based on thematic framework analysis. Total of eight participants (four men and four women) were interviewed where seven are married and one is single. Participants identified that, Perception (or opinion) towards family planning as women’s issue, Sex preference for inheritance and considering children as measure of blessing of and Fear of partner sexual promiscuity and to reduce women’s attractiveness were barriers for male involvement in modern family planning method. Future interventions aimed at improving family planning services and methods utilization in Arba Minch town and similar settings need to consider these bottlenecks for male involvement.
Differences in Physical Activity and Built Environment Perceptions between Younger and Older Adults Living in The Same Rural
Authors: Papadopoulos Charilaos , Twaddle Brent J 
Published: April 2018

<p>This study examined associations between perceptions and physical activity of younger and older adults residing in the same rural/small town community. Thirty-two adults completed interviews about their community and their physical activity. Both groups perceived their neighborhood as pleasant and safe to be active. Fewer older adults perceived their neighborhood as having sidewalks. Younger adults reported being more vigorously active and they were more often utilizing private membership clubs for physical activity. Older adults utilized more public recreational facilities. These results suggest that higher perceived quality of the neighborhood built environment can enhance participation in moderate exercise in older adults.</p>
Determinants Levels of Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine among Chromium Electroplating Workers
Authors: Setyaningsih Yuliani , Astuti Indwiani , Husodo Adi Heru 
Published: April 2018

Electroplating workers were exposed by particulate and fog of chromium from electrolysis process during work. Chromium is highly carcinogenic when inhaled. Chromium can be reduced in the cells in the body. This process may generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. This research was aimed to analyse the influence of chromium to the levels of urinary 8-OHdG as an indicator to support early diagnosis of occupational disease. 66 electroplating workers in Tegal District were taken purposively as samples for this research. There were association between chromium level in urine, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Body Mass Index, smoking habit, alcohol and supplement drink consumption and urinary 8-OHdG (p&lt;0.05). There was not association between BMI and urinary 8-OHdG (p&gt;0.05). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed the alcohol consumption had the most powerful influence to the level of urinary 8-OHdG. The levels of urinary 8-OHdG could be used as an indicator of oxidative DNA damage and early diagnosis of occupational disease among electroplating workers who were exposed by chromium.
Arsenic Exposure to Fish and Shellfish Consumption among Community in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Musfirah Musfirah , Damayanty Sri Damayanty 
Published: April 2018

Fish and shellfish contaminated by Arsenic (As) heavy metals from people activity discharge into the coast. Coastal community was exposure risk by As due to consumption of marine products. This study aimed to determine of human health risks level who consume fish and shellfish that contain As in Kaluku Bodoa and Untia coastal, Makassar. This research designed by observational and Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. Human sample were 49 people and 8 environmental samples that selected based on certain criteria. Data collected through environmental assestment, interview and anthropometric data measurement. Data analyzed with EHRA methods. The results showed that the highest mean As levels found in <em>Leiognatus equulus</em><em> </em>fish i.e. 1.589 mg/kg and <em>Gafrarium tumidum</em><em> </em>shellfish i.e. 4.244 mg/kg of Untia coastal. The mean level of the carcinogenic risk for fish and shellfish consumption were unacceptable because they contain As that demonstrated value of more than exponent 4 (ECR &gt; E-4) and non-carcinogenic risk mean level was value of more than 1 (RQ &gt; 1). Fish and shellfish consumption considered unsafe and will impact health problems for the community. Community should be restrict the frequency and amount of fish and shellfish consumption.
Association of Physical Activity with Co-morbid Conditions in Geriatric Population
Authors: Hisam Aliya , Rahman Mahmood Ur , Khan Rimsha , Ilyas Sundus , Jabbar Anosha , Kazmi Syed Awais , Mushtaq Umer 
Published: April 2018

To find out association of physical activity with co-morbid conditions in geriatric population, a cross-sectional study was conducted in different cties of Pakistan in 2015. A total of 114 participants were inducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected after informed verbal consent by a validated questionnaire that is Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Participants were categorized into two groups i.e. physically active and physically inactive. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There were 66 (57.9%) males and <br /> 48 (42.1%) females with mean age of 57.04±7.348 years. Among hypertensive individuals (n=43, 37.7%) there were 39 (90.7%) physically inactive, among individuals having angina (n=17, 14.9%) there were 15 (88.2%) physically inactive. Out of 37 (32.5%) diabetics, 35 (94.6%) were physically inactive. Among individuals suffering from arthritis (n=40, 35.1%), there were 38 (95%) physically inactive. A significant association was found between physical activity and diabetes and arthritis with p-value of 0.048 and 0.029 respectively. Physical activity is significantly associated with diabetes and arthritis in geriatric population. Adequate physical activity should be performed to reduce the risk of co-morbid conditions and improve the quality of life in geriatric population.
Evaluation of Lactation Promotion as Part of Baby Friendly Hospital
Authors: Inayah Arsani Lailatul , Handayani Lina , Saufi Azidanti 
Published: April 2018

Decrease of maternal and infant mortality as well as increasing of the exclusive breastfeeding are major public health priorities in Indonesia. In decreasing the maternal and infant mortality, the government developed a program for the community as Baby Friendly Hospital (BFH) to prevent the effects, to support, and to promote breastfeeding. PKU Muhammadiyah hospital in Yogyakarta was one of the BFH program managers. The purpose of this study was to determine the breastfeeding promotion activities as part of BFH at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta.This was a qualitative descriptive study. The findings of this study were inputs consisting of 1) the knowledge and skills to better convey information indicates the quality of human resources. 2) promotion of the policies for all workers to reach the goal. 3) financial promotion is supported by the operating system in the hospital. 4) supporting facility to promote lactation leaflets, posters, ANC class, a breastfeeding counselor and nursing areas. Implementation of lactation promotion was conducted in accordance with program planning of BFH. <p> </p>
Early Weaning Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: Rosa Eni Folendra , Pome Gunardi , Harsanto D. 
Published: April 2018

<p>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) still a health problem in the world resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Every year 13 million children under five died, 95% of deaths occur in developing countries and 4.5 million deaths due to respiratory infection. Takes effort and hard work to reduce mortality of children under five are caused by ARIs. ARIs episodes in children under five in the world generally between 3-8 times every year. Breast milk is a natural nutrient that contain IgA (SIgA), IgE, IgM, IgG, lactoferin, lysozyme, vitamin A, C and E. SIgA generated broncho mammary and α2--microglobulin substances that protect against syncytial virus and inhibit and lowering the risk of infection with Haemophilus influenzae contained in the mouth and nose. Babies who are not breastfed full or partial ARIs at greater risk due to lack of intake of protective substances in the breast milk. The incidence of acute respiratory diseases are at highest order resulting morbidity and mortality of children in the district OKU in 2014 amounted to 52.2% and increased by 53% in 2015. Unmatched case control study with a quantitative approach, the study subjects children aged 6-24 months. Data analysis using Stata program consists of univariable, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI. Significant relationship with ARIs early weaning (OR = 2.72 95% CI = 1.08 - 6.83). The average episode of ARIs was 2.8 times every year. Early weaning increase risk of ARIs in children 6-24 months.</p>
Online Community Learning: Why Does (Language) Learning without Classroom Interest Students of All Disciplines? A Case Study
Authors: Gaspar Arul Prabaharan 
Published: April 2018

This case study explores the language learners’ growing interest to express their shared interest in online-course-providing platforms. This study also inquires into the language learners’ new forum called “online community” and its great influence on smart way teaching-learning process and classroom dynamics, technology enabled lifelong self study mode of learning, subject knowledge, learning centred curriculum, experience centred approach to the learning process, course material and soft/life skills delivered along the course as a value added package. This paper examines the way MOOCs have opened the gate way of learning to all sections of society free of cost with specific language skills focus – writing that interests students from all disciplines. This study suggests that the rising generation shows a growing, academic interest in online collaboration on the basis of any subject specific shared interest and this collective interest also addresses the concern about personal experiences with emotive foundation that will not have space in online teaching learning process.
Effective Methods for Teaching English Vocabulary to Saudi Female Students
Authors: Alghamdi Amani K.H , Ahmed Safa Al 
Published: April 2018

Learning vocabulary in an English-language classroom is a major challenge for many students as it is an essential part of foreign language learning. Words convey meaning, and the expansion of vocabulary helps to eliminate misunderstandings in communication. This study investigates the impact of implementing new vocabulary teaching strategies-context drills, word-on-board games, flash-card games, mini-presentations and role playing, dictionary use and blended ‫ learning-to develop ESL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. The control group was taught vocabulary using the traditional didactic teaching method. The study’s sample consisted of 248 first-year students enrolled in the Faculty of Education and the Deanship of the Preparatory Year at the University of Dammam. English instructors with similar qualifications and experience taught the students. Vocabulary pre- and post-tests were given to groups at the beginning and at the end of the class. Data collected from the tests were then documented and statistically analyzed. The findings reveal that students taught using the new methods of instruction had better vocabulary test scores than those taught using the traditional method. These methods have proven to be effective in improving students’ vocabulary acquisition.
Effects of Test Level Discrimination and Difficulty on Answer-Copying Indices
Authors: Sünbül Önder , Yormaz Seha 
Published: April 2018

In this study Type I Error and the power rates of ω and GBT (generalized binomial test) indices were investigated for several nominal alpha levels and for 40 and 80-item test lengths with 10,000-examinee sample size under several test level restrictions. As a result, Type I error rates of both indices were found to be below the acceptable nominal alpha levels. The power study showed that average test difficulty was very effective for power (true detection) rates of indices. Clear patterns were observed for the increase of test difficulty in favor of both ω and GBT power rate. Contrary to expectations; average test discrimination was not as effective as average test difficulty. The results of the interaction effects of item discrimination and difficulty showed that for the cases whose b parameters were lower than 0 with weak discrimination, indices had weak power for both ω and GBT. In addition, for the cases whose b parameter levels were below zero with high discrimination indices, the power performance of both answer-copying indices were very weak. Results for test length showed that with the increase of test length the power rate of both ω and GBT tended to increase. Also, ω performed slightly better than GBT or very close to GBT for 80-item test length however, ω performed better than GBT in terms of power rate for the cases with 40-item test length
An Assessment of Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH) Program
Authors: Agustin Ma. Lourdes S. , Montebon Darryl Roy 
Published: April 2018

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration aims to unite the South East Asian countries to promote better opportunities for the member countries in different areas such as economics and education. As a response, Philippine Normal University spearheaded the formation of the Association of Southeast Asian Teacher Education Network to promote collaboration with ASEAN countries and enhance teacher education programs. The formation of AsTEN creates the impetus to explore possibilities for the internationalization of teacher education programs among the ASEAN countries. Thus, the Institute of Teaching and Learning of PNU initiated the Project Teacher Exchange for ASEAN Teachers (TEACH). This paper reports the assessment of the piloting of the Project TEACH as experienced by the Thai participants. Moreover, this research aims to develop a model that can be utilized by other ASEAN communities as they prepare for their own international teacher education programs.<em><strong></strong></em>
Identification with School and Head Trauma: Parental Perceptions on Student’s Experiences
Authors: Jones BreAnna , Robinson Lindsay , Larwin Karen H 
Published: April 2018

In the United States 40% of all traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are in children under the age 14 (Broque et. al 2012). This means a portion of the school age population is exposed to head injury every year. The effect this injury and experience can have on a child varies, but it is important for educators, counselors, and family to understand the psychosocial experiences that follow after TBI. Research has shown that head injury in childhood can have severe psychosocial effects if the injury is not treated, recognized, and planned for (Broque et. al 2012).This research is intended to shed light on what educators, counselors, and families can do to help children who have experienced a TBI. Previous research shows that a loss of sense of self after TBI in three categories; loss of self-knowledge, loss of self by comparison, and loss of self in the eyes of others (Nochi, 1998). This investigation suggests that identification as “disabled” can impact how students identify with their school.
Developing Oral Presentation Competence in Professional Contexts: A Design-Based Collaborative Approach
Authors: Pathak Anil , Le vasan Mani 
Published: April 2018

<p>The need to develop oral presentation skills with reference to students’ specialized professional contexts has been well-recognised. Attempts have also been made to develop collaboration between engineering faculty and language teaching professionals. In this paper, we describe an experiment where students were given an opportunity to demonstrate their technical know-ho and integrate it with oral presentation skills. The paper discusses specifics of collaboration between the engineering faculty and the language teachers. Specifications for development of a transparent assessment framework have also been elaborated. It is concluded that such design-based approach is more likely to develop skills required of students to perform in competitive communicative environments.</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of Continuous Assesment Practice by University Lecturers
Authors: Osadebe Patrick Uzo 
Published: April 2018

<p>The study evaluated the extent to which Continuous Assessment (CA) was practiced by university lecturers in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. The evaluation of continuous assessment focused on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of students’ behaviour. That is teaching and learning should focus on these areas. Two research questions were raised, and two hypotheses were tested to achieve the purpose of the study. A sample of 200 lecturers was randomly selected using simple random sampling and stratifies random sampling techniques. A 5-point scaled questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data. The validity of the instrument was determined through expert judgement and factor analysis. Thus the instrument has face and construct validities. The reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach Alpha. A reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained as a measure of internal consistency. The data collected were analyzed. The research questions were answered with the use of mean. The hypotheses were tested with Z-test at .05 level of significance. The result of evaluation revealed that the extent to which university lecturers practice continuous assessment with emphasis on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of students’ behaviour was low. There was no significant difference between male and female as well as junior and senior lecturers on the practice of continuous assessment in the university. It was noted that there should be a continuous and effective monitoring of continuous assessment practice by the university lecturers.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Difficulties in Field-Based Observation among Pre-Service Teachers: Implications to Practice Teaching
Authors: Abas Maripaz C. 
Published: April 2018

<span>Field-based observation has long been a central part of pre-service teacher education in many countries and is crucial for implementing effective practicum of student teachers. T</span><span>his paper focused on the perspectives of graduating pre-service teachers regarding their difficulties </span><span>related to </span><span>administrative support, cooperating teachers, student supervisors, students, peers, assigned tasks and learning environment during their </span><span>17-hour</span><span> field observation </span><span>in selected private and public secondary schools.</span><span> An explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design was adopted utilizing survey questionnaire, Focus Group Interviews, and Key Informant Interview. Quantitative data were obtained from 136 sample respondents through stratified random sampling using proportionate allocation while qualitative data were gathered from 10 pre-service teachers, 10 cooperating teachers, six student supervisors and three school principals who were chosen purposively. Results of descriptive statistical analysis served as basis for the design of qualitative interview and focus group schedules which helped the researcher to explain, or elaborate on the quantitative results” [1]. Findings of the study showed that pre-service teachers had over-all moderate difficulties during the field observation particularly on students, assigned tasks and learning environment. Findings of the study were substantiated through in-depth discussions of qualitative data. Implications were determined for continued enhancements of the practicum component that can help bridge the theory–practice nexus in pre-service teacher education, and contribute to the development of teachers’ professional competencies</span>