bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectroscopy of Ethanethiol Monomers and Dimers at MP2 Level: Characterizing the Dimer Formation and Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Brito Airan F. S. , Aquino Adelia J. A. , dos Santos Politi José Roberto , Martins João B. L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEthanethiol, also known as ethyl mercaptan, is an organosulfur compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. It has been detected in the interstellar medium, and its self‐association has been the subject of a few known experimental studies, where the SH vibrational mode was used. However, unlike the analogous ethanol dimer, the ethanethiol dimer has not been thoroughly explored theoretically. In this study, ethanethiol and dimers were investigated using the MP2 method with various basis sets to determine the properties and stability of these structures. For the monomer, both trans and gauche structures were computed, with the gauche conformer being more stable, consistent with the available data in the literature. Local mode decomposition analysis of monomers showed that the CH2 rocking mode, associated with the CSH bending, is present only for the gauche isomer aligning with the experimental assignments. Furthermore, eight stable dimer configurations were identified and categorized into three groups: trans–trans, gauche–gauche, and trans–gauche isomers. Among these, the trans–gauche isomer was found to be the most stable. Dispersion is the dominant term for the ethanethiol dimer.
Ascorbic acid supplementation in adolescent rats ameliorates anxiety‐like and depressive‐like manifestations of nicotine‐ethanol abstinence: Role of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and serotonergic mechanisms
Authors: Najafzadeh Alireza , Mahdizadeh Mobina , Kakhki Samaneh , Rahimi Ali , Ahmadi‐Soleimani S. Mohammad , Beheshti Farimah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of vitamin C (Vit C) on anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behavior induced by abstinence from chronic nicotine‐ethanol co‐exposure in adolescent male rats.Materials and methodsAdolescent male rats were divided into seven experimental groups with ten rats as follows: 1) vehicle, 2) Nicotine (Nic)‐Ethanol (Eth): received Nic (2 mg/kg) and Eth (20%) in drinking water from 21 to 42 days of age, 3–5) Nic‐Eth‐Vit C 100/200/400: received Nic and Eth from 21 to 42 days of age and received Vit C 100/200/400 mg/kg from 43 to 63 days of age, 6) Nic‐Eth‐Bupropion (Bup)‐ Naloxone (Nal): received Nic and Eth from 21 to 42 days of age and received Bup and Nal from 43 to 63 days of age, and 7) Vit C 400 mg/kg: received Vit C 400 mg/kg from 43 to 63 days of age. Behavioral assessments were done by elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swimming test (FST), marble burring test (MBT), and open field tests (OFT). Furthermore, specific biochemical variables associated with oxidative, inflammatory, and serotonergic profiles were quantified.ResultsAccording to the obtained results, Nic and Eth induced anxiety and depression in treated rats. We showed that two higher doses of Vit C increases the active struggling time in FST and decreases both the time spent in the peripheral zone of OFT and the time spent in the closed arms of EPM. In addition, animals treated by Vit C buried less number of marbles in MBT compared to their control counterparts. Nic and Eth induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cortical tissues of treated rats. Biochemical parameters were improved in the Nic‐Eth group receiving Vit C 200/400 mg/kg and Bup‐Nal through establishing a balance between oxidant/anti‐oxidant and inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory mediators. In addition, serotonin level was increased, while Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was notably decreased.ConclusionThe present findings support the beneficial effect of Vit C on anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behavior induced by Nic‐Eth withdrawal through various mechanisms such as the promotion of antioxidant defense, suppression of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of serotoninergic function.
Enhancing FeFET Structures for Non‐Volatile On‐Chip Memories: Design and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Chaudhary Tarun , Raj Balwinder 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFeFET architectures for non‐volatile on‐chip memory are designed and compared in this investigation study. Because of its inherent non‐volatile properties and low power requirements, FeFETs are attracting a lot of interest as prospective candidates for future memory technology. The aim of this paper is to investigate several FeFET designs and assess how well they function in terms of important factors including durability, retention, speed, and endurance. Using device simulations and experimental data, a number of FeFET architectures, such as MFS, MFIS, MFMIS, and MF‐ABO3, are analyzed and contrasted. Comparative study gives light on the advantages and disadvantages of various FeFET architectures; improving our comprehension of how well‐suited they are for non‐volatile on‐chip memory. This work will contribute to the improvement of FeFET devices for upcoming integrated circuits and progress the development of sophisticated FeFET‐based memory techniques.
The Study of Chemical Constituents and Metabolite Profiles of Chitong Xiaoyanling Granules in Normal and Periodontitis Model Rats Based on Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jieru , Zhang Zijian , Yang Menghua , Zhang Wanwan , Wang Weiran , Wang Jiajie , Huang Lingling , Wang Chunying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontal support tissues. The typical symptoms of periodontitis are inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Chitong Xiaoyanling Granules (CXG) is composed of 10 Chinese herbs, which have the efficacy of dispersing wind, clearing heat, cooling blood, and relieving pain. CXG is clinically used for the treatment of periodontitis and other diseases, with remarkable efficacy and broad application prospects. However, due to the lack of systematic research on its chemical constituents and metabolites, it is of great significance to characterize the various chemical components and metabolites of CXG. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the chemical constituents and metabolites of CXG, and the differences in metabolite profiles between normal and model rats were compared. A total of 147 compounds were identified in CXG, including 53 flavonoids, 28 terpenoids, seven chromones, eight coumarins, eight organic acids, 12 phenols, 10 alcohols, nine sugars, and 12 others. In normal and model rats, 191 and 179 CXG‐related xenobiotics were detected respectively. In conclusion, a rapid and accurate identification method was used to identify the chemical components and metabolites of CXG, which laid a foundation for the study of the quality control and pharmacological mechanisms of CXG.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement and Cystocele in Standing and Supine Positions in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Coppola Carmela , Fochesato Cecilia , Esposito Giovanna , Ferrazzi Enrico , Orsi Michele 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the anteroposterior length of levator ani hiatus, as well as the presence and the degree of cystocele in women at risk of pelvic floor dysfunction during the postpartum period by transperineal ultrasound performed in the standing and supine positions.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including women who delivered vaginally, at risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. After 8–12 weeks postpartum, each woman underwent pelvic floor ultrasound in both standing and supine positions during the Valsalva maneuver to measure the length of hiatal anteroposterior diameter and the cystocele. Demographic and clinical data on pregnancy and delivery were recorded. Women were interviewed to collect subjective symptoms of urinary stress incontinence.ResultsThe study involved 100 women at risk of pelvic floor dysfunction following a vaginal delivery. The proportion of women with an anteroposterior hiatal diameter ≥60 mm was significantly higher when measured standing than when measured supine (64.0 vs 47.0%, P = .016). Similarly, the frequency of cystocele detected in the standing position was higher than in the supine position (48.0 vs 17.0%, P < .001). The non‐agreement between the examinations performed in these two positions was proved by the value of Cohen's Kappa (0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.51). Also, in the subgroup of asymptomatic women, more cases of cystocele were detected in the standing position (29 cases, 39.2%) than in the supine position (12 cases, 16.2%) (P = .003).ConclusionsOur study shows that transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound in the postpartum period performed in the standing position, compared with the supine position, achieved a higher detection rate of cystocele and enlarged anteroposterior hiatal diameter in women at risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. These findings should be considered when evaluating the criteria to select candidates for pelvic floor rehabilitation.
Semi‐supervised medical image segmentation network based on mutual learning
Authors: Sun Junmei , Wang Tianyang , Wang Meixi , Li Xiumei , Xu Yingying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSemi‐supervised learning provides an effective means to address the challenge of insufficient labeled data in medical image segmentation tasks. However, when a semi‐supervised segmentation model is overfitted and exhibits cognitive bias, its performance will deteriorate. Errors stemming from cognitive bias can quickly amplify and become difficult to correct during the training process of neural networks, resulting in the continuous accumulation of erroneous knowledge.PurposeTo address the issue of error accumulation, a novel learning strategy is required to enhance the accuracy of medical image segmentation.MethodsThis paper proposes a semi‐supervised medical image segmentation network based on mutual learning (MLNet) to alleviate the issue of continuous accumulation of erroneous knowledge. The MLNet adopts a teacher‐student network as the backbone framework, training student and teacher networks on labeled data and mutually updating network parameter weights, enabling the two models to learn from each other. Additionally, an image partial exchange algorithm (IPE) as an appropriate perturbation addition method is proposed to reduce the introduction of erroneous information and the disruption to the contextual information of the image.ResultsIn the 10% labeled experiment on the ACDC dataset, our Dice coefficient reached 89.48%, a 9.28% improvement over the baseline model. In the 10% labeled experiment on the BraTS2019 dataset, the proposed method still performs exceptionally well, achieving 84.56%, surpassing other comparative methods.ConclusionsCompared with other methods, experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves optimal performance across all metrics, proving its effectiveness and reliability.
Efficacy and safety of lemborexant in subjects with insomnia disorder receiving medications for depression or anxiety symptoms
Authors: Krystal Andrew , Blier Pierre , Culpepper Larry , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Kubota Naoki , Moline Margaret , Malhotra Manoj , Pinner Kate , Yardley Jane 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimIndividuals with insomnia frequently have comorbid depression or anxiety. This study sought to provide a preliminary indication of the effects of lemborexant (LEM) in subjects treated for mild depression/anxiety symptoms.MethodsE2006‐G000‐303 (NCT02952820; EudraCT 2015‐001463‐39; SUNRISE‐2) was a 12‐month, phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study where subjects with insomnia disorder were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, LEM 5 mg (LEM5), or LEM 10 mg (LEM10) for 6 months. During the second 6 months (not reported), placebo‐treated subjects were re‐randomized to LEM5 or LEM10. In this post hoc analysis, changes from baseline (CFB) in subject‐reported (subjective) sleep onset latency (sSOL), sleep efficiency (sSE), wake after sleep onset (sWASO), total sleep time (sTST), Fatigue Severity Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index were evaluated in subjects treated with medications for symptoms of depression/anxiety (subpopulation).ResultsOf 949 randomized subjects, 61 treated with medications for symptoms of depression/anxiety were included. In the subpopulation, CFB comparing LEM with placebo were generally smaller than the overall population due to a larger placebo response in the subpopulation. However, the magnitudes of CFB within the active treatment groups for sSOL, sWASO, sTST, and sSE were similar between the subpopulation and the overall population. No new safety signals were observed in the subpopulation.ConclusionLEM treatment benefited subjects with insomnia treated with medications for depression/anxiety symptoms, with no new safety signals. A greater placebo response in the subpopulation than in the overall population decreased the drug versus placebo effect size for LEM, as has been reported for other insomnia medications.
ChatGPT for natural sciences course design: Insights from a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis
Authors: Kumar Jeya Amantha , Zhuang Min , Thomas Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has emerged as a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tool with an aptitude to transform course design in higher education significantly. While ChatGPT's applications in education are substantially growing, its role in natural sciences, particularly in course planning and content generation among educators, remains underexplored. Therefore, this study addresses this gap by examining the initial perspectives of a cohort of five instructors (N = 5) who participated in a 5‐day workshop introducing ChatGPT 4.0 for course development. Data collected from daily virtual group reflections and end‐of‐workshop open‐ended surveys were triangulated and analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats framework. The findings highlighted ChatGPT's strengths in enhancing course design efficiency, aligning content with faculty competencies, and facilitating professional development. However, they also identified key weaknesses, such as the risk of fabrication and the steep learning curve associated with mastering ChatGPT for course design. Additionally, opportunities to improve content quality that met the demands of 21st‐century teaching and learning while supporting diversity and inclusivity in educational practices were also observed. Conversely, concerns regarding mental fatigue, over‐reliance, and AI‐generated content reliability were also expressed, underscoring the importance of skilled prompting and critical engagement with the generated content. Hence, it emphasizes the importance of AI literacy training in supporting the strategic integration of AI into traditional teaching methods while fostering continuous professional development for educators.
LXR regulation of adipose tissue inflammation during obesity is associated with dysregulated macrophage function
Authors: da Silva Pereira Jessica Aparecida , de Souza Gerson Profeta , Virgilio‐da‐Silva João V. , Prodonoff Juliana S. , de Castro Gisele , Pimentel Leonardo F. , Mousovich‐Neto Felippe , Davanzo Gustavo G. , Aguiar Cristhiane F. , Breda Cristiane N. S. , Guereschi Marcia G. , Araújo Ronaldo C. , Mori Marcelo A. , Câmara Niels O. S. , Souza Diorge P. , Basso Alexandre S. , Moraes‐Vieira Pedro M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveLiver X receptors (LXRs) play essential roles in cholesterol homeostasis and immune response. In obesity, elevated cholesterol levels trigger proinflammatory responses; however, the specific contributions of LXRs to adipose tissue (AT) macrophage (ATM) phenotype and metabolic programming are not fully understood. In this study, we determine the role of LXR isoforms in diet‐induced obesity AT inflammation and insulin resistance.MethodsFor in vivo studies, to evaluate the effects of LXR activation on AT inflammation, obese and insulin‐resistant wild‐type mice were treated with 10 mg/kg of the LXR modulator naringenin (NAR) for 4 weeks, and systemic insulin sensitivity and AT inflammation were assessed. To evaluate the effects of LXR deficiency on AT inflammation, we used LXRα, LXRβ, and LXRαβ knockout (KO) mice. For in vitro studies, to assess the role of LXRs specifically in macrophages, bone marrow‐derived macrophages from wild‐type, LXRαKO, LXRβKO, and LXRαβKO mice were treated with 0.5μM NAR 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (100 ng/mL), and the effects on macrophage function and metabolism were evaluated 24 h after LPS stimulation.ResultsWe found that LXR deletion intensifies AT inflammation in an LXRβ‐dependent manner. LXR deficiency in immune cells exacerbates obesity‐induced AT inflammation, increasing the numbers of CD11c+, TNF‐α+, and IL‐1β+ ATMs. We also identified NAR as a novel LXR agonist in macrophages that reduces proinflammatory cytokine secretion by mitigating glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS ‐ and LPS + IFNγ‐activated macrophages. Furthermore, NAR‐treated obese mice display reduced AT inflammation, characterized by decreased CD11c+, IL‐1β+, and TNF‐α+ ATM numbers and monocyte infiltration compared with vehicle‐treated obese mice.ConclusionsOur study highlights distinct roles for each LXR isoform in AT inflammation regulation, with LXRβ being crucial for maintaining the anti‐ and proinflammatory balance in ATMs. Thus, LXRβ holds therapeutic potential as a target to treat AT inflammation and insulin resistance.
Food insecurity and weight‐loss efforts among a nationally representative sample of US adults with higher weight
Authors: Herb Neff Kirstie M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of food insecurity among a nationally representative sample of US adults who were attempting weight loss, as well as the associations of food insecurity with weight‐loss strategies.MethodsThis study included adults with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 who were intentionally trying to lose weight within the past year from the 2017 to March 2020 data cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Participants were categorized as either food insecure or food secure (US Food Security Survey Module), and their use of weight‐loss strategies was compared using unadjusted logistic regression models and models adjusted for sociodemographics.ResultsNearly one‐quarter (22.96%, n = 582) of participants were food insecure. In unadjusted models, participants with food insecurity were more likely to use unhealthy weight‐loss methods (e.g., skipping meals, taking laxatives or vomiting) and less likely to use healthy methods (e.g., exercising, joining a weight‐loss program; p < 0.05). In adjusted models, participants with food insecurity were less likely to join a weight‐loss program and eat less sugar, candy, and sweets.ConclusionsFood insecurity is common among US adults with higher weight who are trying to lose weight, and individuals with food insecurity are less likely to use healthy weight‐loss strategies.
An Investigation Into the Relationship Between the Performance and Tactility of UV‐Cured Elastic Soft‐Feel Coatings Based on Different Photo‐Initiator
Authors: Tan Zenghui , Tan Xuehui , Xu Yajun , Wei Wei , Li Xiaojie , Liu Jingcheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, polyurethane acrylate (PUA) was successfully synthesized using polypropylene carbonate diol (PPC2000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as raw materials. Then, a series of UV‐curable elastic soft‐feel coatings based on different photo‐initiators were successfully prepared. The double‐bond conversion rate, thermal stability, storage modulus, roughness, contact angle, and other properties of the coatings were tested. The results indicated that the UV‐curable elastic soft‐feel coatings achieved a high double‐bond conversion rate and demonstrated good adhesion, chemical resistance, wear resistance, and thermal stability. Moreover, it was found that the coatings with low storage modulus, low roughness, and low surface energy displayed excellent tactile feel.
Plasma–Liquid Interaction for Agriculture—A Focused Review
Authors: Puač N. , Škoro N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this review, we give an overview of the applications of plasma activated water (PAW) and its chemistry in the field of agriculture. This article concentrates on the chemistry of long‐lived reactive species and their roles in plant cell mechanisms. The chemical reactions important for the creation of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide inside water during the production of PAW and their chemical paths inside the plant cells are discussed. We describe the use of different types of discharges for PAW production and present the results of PAW application to seeds and plants. We address the decontamination of agricultural chemicals in water along with the scarcely explored topic of water remediation. The major challenges and future possibilities for PAW in agriculture are also discussed.
Impact of Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Polymer Deposition in Low‐Pressure Capacitively Coupled Ar/C4F8 Plasma
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Han Jonggu , Park Woojin , Park Sang Jun , Baek Song Yi , Yoo Byeongsun , Choi Chulhwan , Moon Se Youn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMagnetized plasmas are widely utilized in semiconductor fabrication due to their high processing efficiency. However, comprehensive studies involved in thin film formation—particularly the influence of magnetic fields on elemental reactions—remain limited. Additionally, using CxFy gases for plasma processing presents challenges in understanding the behavior of magnetized plasma. Thus, the effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on polymer deposition in low‐pressure, magnetized Ar/C4F8 plasma were investigated through spatially resolved diagnostics. Introducing inhomogeneous magnetic fields led to notable localized changes, increasing ion, CF2, and F densities by factors of 2.29, 1.44, and 1.71 times, respectively. These variations resulted in thinner films with lower carbon‐to‐fluorine ratios. The findings highlight the potential of asymmetric plasma parameter control to modulate film properties locally.
Do investor types matter? A comparative analysis of separate account characteristics and performance
Authors: Rohleder Martin , Tentesch Hendrik , Weh René , Wilkens Marco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics and performance of separately managed accounts (SAs), focusing on differences between retail and institutional investor types. It finds that institutional SAs outperform retail and mixed SAs in terms of risk‐adjusted returns, primarily driven by distinctively lower fees and a smaller number of managed accounts. However, once characteristics are controlled for, performance differences become insignificant, suggesting no difference in manager skill. Moreover, the analysis shows that characteristics affect the performance of institutional, retail, and mixed SAs differently. These findings highlight the nuanced impact of investor type on SA performance, offering new insights into asset management practices.