bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of mixing in liquid clouds – Part IV: DSD evolution and mixing diagrams
Authors: Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Evolution of droplet size distribution (DSD) due to mixing between cloudy and
dry volumes is investigated for different values of the cloud fraction and
for different initial DSD shapes. The analysis is performed using
a diffusion–evaporation model which describes time-dependent processes of
turbulent diffusion and droplet evaporation within a mixing volume. Time
evolution of the DSD characteristics such as droplet concentration, LWC and
mean volume radii is analyzed. The mixing diagrams are plotted for the final
mixing stages. It is shown that the difference between the mixing diagrams
for homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixing is insignificant and decreases with
an increase in the DSD width. The dependencies of the normalized cube of the mean
volume radius on the cloud fraction were compared with those on normalized
droplet concentration and found to be quite different. If the normalized
droplet concentration is used, mixing diagrams do not show any significant
dependence on relative humidity in the dry volume. The main conclusion of the study is that traditional mixing diagrams cannot
serve as a reliable tool for analysis of mixing type.
Ciudades sustentables. De la gestión a la valoración institucional de las áreas verdes y el arbolado: conurbación Temuco-Padre las Casas
Authors: Pastene Reyes Tomás , Puppo Stuardo Alfonsina 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo es parte de una investigación que analiza los vínculos y operaciones de las instituciones encargadas de la gestión de la vegetación urbana en las ciudades: Temuco y Padre Las Casas. Para
ello, se trabaja en base a la construcción de un modelo de análisis que permite identificar las tensiones y los nodos problemáticos de ambas ciudades, a partir de los conceptos de: planificación, integración,
adaptación y legitimación. Se utiliza el concepto de servicios ecosistémicos a un nivel operativo, ya que permite asimilar el modo en que las instituciones locales pueden comprender los beneficios directos o indirectos que provee el ecosistema urbano al bienestar humano y a las condiciones socioambientales del territorio. Los municipios cuentan con una naturaleza jurídica dual: son organismos de administración del Estado, con capacidades autónomas de gestión. Esta doble capacidad se convierte en un mecanismo que entorpece las dinámicas territoriales y urbanas para un adecuado manejo de la vegetación en ambas comunas.
Integrative Medicine Program- MD Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Lee Richard T 
Published: March 2018

The Integrative Medicine Program at MD Anderson Cancer Center was first established in 1998. Our mission is to empower patients with cancer and their families to become active partners in their own physical, psycho-spiritual, and social health through personalized education and evidenced-based clinical care to optimize health, quality of life, and clinical outcomes across the cancer continuum. The program consists of three main components: clinical care, research, and education. The Integrative Medicine Center provides clinical services to patients through individual and group programs. The clinical philosophy of the center is to work collaboratively with the oncology teams to build comprehensive and integrative care plans that are personalized, evidence-based, and safe with the goal of improving clinical outcomes. The individual services comprise of integrative oncology consultation, acupuncture, meditation, music therapy, nutrition, and oncology massage. The center also provides a variety of group programs including meditation, yoga, tai chi, cooking classes and others. Over the past 13 years, over 70,000 patients and families have participated in services and programs offered by the center. The research portfolio focuses on three main areas: mind-body interventions, acupuncture, and meditation. This lecture will focus on providing an overview of the Integrative Medicine Program at MD Anderson with a focus on the clinical services provided. Participants will learn about the integrative clinical model and how this is applied to the care of cancer patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Current and future research topics will be discussed as well as patient cases.
Influência da pratica regular de yoga para a manutenção do equilíbrio e mobilidade em idosos
Authors: Cardoso Vera Lúcia , Oliveira Rafaela Sanches de 
Published: March 2018

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional aumenta a procura por serviços de saúde. Entre as grandes síndromes geriátricas está a queda. O envelhecimento fisiológico associado a doenças freqüentes nos idosos aumenta o risco de quedas e a perda da mobilidade. Faz-se necessária uma intervenção preventiva nesta população. Estudos com praticantes de Yoga têm mostrado maior flexibilidade, reforço muscular, aumento da vitalidade e qualidade de vida, redução do estresse psicológico e redução das doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Comparar o equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional de idosos praticante de Yoga com os idosos da comunidade. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo no qual 20 idosos praticantes de Hatha Yoga por 2 vezes semanais há mais de 3 meses em uma academia da Cidade de São Paulo (Grupo E) e 20 idosos freqüentadores de um parque público da mesma cidade (Grupo C). Os voluntários foram avaliados através da Escala de Berg, o Teste Time upandGo (TUGT) e a Escala de Avaliação do Desempenho de Membros Inferiores (EADMI), além de responder a um inventário de quedas elaborado pelas autoras. Resultados: No Grupo E a média de idade foi de 72,5 anos (60-75), 85% eram mulheres, e praticavam Hatha Yoga há 2,8 anos. No grupo C a média idade foi de 67,5 anos (60-70), 75% eram mulheres, e nenhum idoso realizava atividade física regular. Em relação à presença de diagnósticos os Grupo E e C apresentaram diagnósticos muscular esqueléticos (E=0% e C=5%) , cardiovascular (E=25% e C=60%), metabólico (E=10%e C=15%), gastrointestinal (E=0% e C=5%) e respiratório (E=10% e C=0%). A Escala de Berg mostrou uma pontuação superior no Grupo E (E= 53,5, C= 43,5), O TUGT não mostrou diferença significante (E=11s, C=12s), e a EADMI foi maior no Grupo E (E= 11,20 C= 9,75). O número de quedas nos últimos 6 meses foi superior no Grupo C (E= 10% e C=45%). Dos idosos que apresentaram quedas, 66% do Grupo E necessitaram de auxilio para levantar enquanto no Grupo C 80%. Todos os entrevistados relataram medo de quedas. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam um melhor equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional no grupo de idosos praticantes de Hatha Yoga. Sugerimos a realização de ensaios clínicos com um maior número amostral.
La distinction des normes juridiques et des normes morales : un point de vue constructiviste
Authors: Rouvière Frédéric 
Published: March 2018

Selon l’opinion dominante, il existerait des normes juridiques et d’autres qui seraient morales. Le but de l’auteur est de renverser le point de vue habituel en soutenant que c’est la façon de construire le sens des normes qui permet de les qualifier de juridiques ou de morales. Autrement dit, la méthode ne vient pas s’appliquer à un objet déjà reconnu ; bien au contraire, c’est la méthode qui construit l’objet. Ainsi, alors que l’interprétation morale tend à mettre au point des normes comme dirigeant des comportements par des prescriptions qui agissent telles des causes finales, l’analyse juridique représente les normes comme une façon de trancher des litiges à partir de cas qualifiés logiquement par des règles indicatives et selon une approche formaliste.
Multiple strategies to identify HIV‐positive black men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City: a cross‐sectional analysis of recruitment results
Authors: Franks Julie , Mannheimer Sharon B , Hirsch‐Moverman Yael , Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Colson Paul W , Ortega Hugo , El‐Sadr Wafaa M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionBlack men who have sex with men and transgender women are at high risk for HIV infection, but are more likely to be unaware of their infection or not in care for diagnosed HIV compared to other races. Respondent driven sampling has been advanced as a method to reach stigmatized and hidden populations for HIV testing. We compared strategies to recruit black, substance‐using men who have sex with men and transgender women to identify newly diagnosed HIV infection, or those previously diagnosed but not in care.MethodsThe STAR (Seek, Test, and Retain) study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01790360) used several recruitment strategies to identify black, substance‐using men who have sex with men and transgender women with undiagnosed HIV infection or with previously diagnosed HIV infection but who were not in HIV care. Respondent‐driven sampling, community‐based recruitment and online advertising were used to recruit participants. Incentivized peer referral was integrated into all recruitment strategies. Participants completed interviewer‐administered questionnaires and HIV testing. Demographic and HIV risk‐related characteristics and recruitment strategy were summarized and stratified by HIV status. Associations were tested using Pearson's chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Factors associated with HIV‐positive diagnosis at p < 0.1 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsFrom July 2012 through October 2015, the study enrolled 1929 participants; 96.3% men who have sex with men and 3.7% transgender women. Behavioural risk factors included recent condomless anal sex (55.6%) and recent substance use during sex (73.1%). HIV prevalence was 8.7%. In multivariable analysis, significant associations with HIV infection included being transgender; non‐Hispanic black; gay/homosexual orientation; not homeless; and less likely to have insufficient income for necessities. Among recruitment strategies, respondent driven sampling was least effective in identifying HIV‐positive participants.ConclusionsIntegrating multiple recruitment strategies yielded a large sample of black men who have sex with men and transgender women at substantial risk for HIV. Respondent‐driven sampling was less effective than other strategies at identifying men who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV.
Is Partial or Total Thyroidectomy Associated with Risk of Long‐Term Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Hung Chien‐Ling , Yeh Chih‐Ching , Sung Pi‐Shan , Hung Chung‐Jye , Muo Chih‐Hsin , Sung Fung‐Chang , Jou I‐Ming , Tsai Kuen‐Jer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhether thyroidectomy contributes to osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fracture (OF) is a subject of debate. This study aimed to determine the effect of thyroidectomy on the risk of OP and OF.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study is based on patient data between January 2000 to December 2005 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled in the thyroidectomy cohort, and the control cohort was selected by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:4. Incident OP and OF cases were identified until the end of 2013. The thyroidectomy cohort to control cohort adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for OP/OF was assessed through multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsTotals of 1426 and 5704 patients were included in the thyroidectomy and control cohorts, respectively. The incidence density of OP was higher in the thyroidectomy cohort (7.91/1000 person‐years) than in the control cohort (5.98/1000 person‐years), with an aHR of 1.43 (95% CI 1.16–1.77, p < 0.05). Younger patients, women, and patients with comorbidities were at a higher risk. The risks of postoperative OP/OF were significantly increased in patients who received thyroxine treatment for more than 1 year, both in the partial thyroidectomy group and in the total and subtotal thyroidectomy group (aHR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.42–2.31 vs. aHR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.22–2.76).ConclusionThyroidectomy significantly increased the long‐term risk of OP. Younger patients, women, patients with comorbidities, and patients receiving chronic thyroxin treatment should be monitored for changes in postoperative bone density.
Computer‐based evaluation of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients during a picture description task
Authors: Hernández‐Domínguez Laura , Ratté Sylvie , Sierra‐Martínez Gerardo , Roche‐Bergua Andrés 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe present a methodology to automatically evaluate the performance of patients during picture description tasks.MethodsTranscriptions and audio recordings of the Cookie Theft picture description task were used. With 25 healthy elderly control (HC) samples and an information coverage measure, we automatically generated a population‐specific referent. We then assessed 517 transcriptions (257 Alzheimer's disease [AD], 217 HC, and 43 mild cognitively impaired samples) according to their informativeness and pertinence against this referent. We extracted linguistic and phonetic metrics which previous literature correlated to early‐stage AD. We trained two learners to distinguish HCs from cognitively impaired individuals.ResultsOur measures significantly (P < .001) correlated with the severity of the cognitive impairment and the Mini–Mental State Examination score. The classification sensitivity was 81% (area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics = 0.79) and 85% (area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics = 0.76) between HCs and AD and between HCs and AD and mild cognitively impaired, respectively.DiscussionAn automated assessment of a picture description task could assist clinicians in the detection of early signs of cognitive impairment and AD.
Middle Ordovician actinocerid nautiloids (Cephalopoda) from Xainza County, Tibet, western China, and their paleogeographic implications
Authors: Fang Xiang , Chen Tingen , Burrett Clive , Wang Yongsheng , Qu Yonggui , Zheng Chunzi , Zhang Yunbai , Zhang Yuandong , Li Wenjie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractActinocerid nautiloids from the Lhasai Formation in the Xainza region are studied systematically for the first time. The nautiloids are identified as Middle Ordovician in age based on stratigraphic correlations with those from North China, Sibumasu, North Australia (northern Gondwana), and North America (Laurentia). A cluster analysis shows strong affinities between the actinocerid nautiloids of the Lhasa Terrane and those of the Himalaya, North China, and Sibumasu terranes. Our results support Middle Ordovician paleogeographic reconstructions that place North China rather than South China much closer to Australia. Nine species assigned to six genera of Meitanoceratidae, Wutinoceratidae, Armenoceratidae, Ormoceratidae, and Discoactinoceratidae are described in detail:Pomphoceras nyalamense(Chen, 1975),Pomphoceras yaliense(Chen, 1975),Wutinocerascf.W.foerstei(Endo, 1930),Mesowutinoceras giganteumChen in Chen and Zou, 1984,Armenoceras tani(Grabau, 1922),Armenoceras teichertiEndo, 1932,Armenoceras xizangensenew species,Deiroceras globosomZou and Shen in Chen and Zou, 1984, andDiscoactinocerascf.D.multiplexumKobayashi, 1927.UUID:http://zoobank.org/ba851fea-e107-4754-a0f4-a70744e325ab
A Statistical Treatment of the Stellar Rotational Velocities Which Considers the Break-Up Limit
Authors: Bernacca P. L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a new statistical approach to the study of the axial rotational velocities of the stars, by considering the break-up limit or any upper limit for the equatorial rotational velocities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) For random orientation of the axis of rotation, the frequency function of the inclinationαto the line of sight is not sina, as assumed until now. (2) For stars with the same break-up velocityvb, the distribution ofαis given by :wheref(y) is the distribution of the apparent velocitiesy=vsin α,vbeing the true rotational velocity. New integral equations governing the frequency function of α,yandvhave been derived and the correct procedure to treat observations has been discussed; a simple method is also suggested to get an approximate trend of the distribution of the true velocities directly from the observed histogram. The method of analysis proposed in this paper has been applied to a re-discussion of the rotational behaviour of a group of Be stars.
Changing invaders: trends of gigantism in insular introduced rats
Authors: VAN DER GEER ALEXANDRA A.E. 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYThe degree and direction of morphological change in invasive species with a long history of introduction are insufficiently known for a larger scale than the archipelago or island group. Here, I analyse data for 105 island populations of Polynesian rats,Rattus exulans, covering the entirety of Oceania and Wallacea to test whether body size differs in insular populations and, if so, what biotic and abiotic features are correlated with it. All insular populations of this rat, except one, exhibit body sizes up to twice the size of their mainland conspecifics. Body size of insular populations is positively correlated with latitude, consistent with thermoregulatory predictions based on Bergmann's rule. Body size is negatively correlated with number of co-occurring mammalian species, confirming an ecological hypothesis of the island rule. The largest rats are found in the temperate zone of New Zealand, as well as on mammalian species-poor islands of Polynesia and the Solomon Islands. Carnivory in the form of predation on nesting seabird colonies seems to promote 1.4- to 1.9-fold body size increases.
Active Optics Improve Microscope’s Field of View
Authors: Potsaid Benjamin , Wen John T 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Since the earliest explorations of the microscopic world in the 17th century and continuing to the present day, microscopists have continuously faced a challenge in that there is an inherent tradeoff between the resolution of the microscope and the size of the field of view--as the resolution of the microscope is increased to resolve smaller features, the observable area of the specimen decreases proportionally. While being a long recognized characteristic of the traditional microscope design, this tradeoff is becoming a significant hindrance as optical microscopes are being used in automated systems for advanced biotech research, medical diagnostics, robotic micromanipulation, and industrial inspection.
Infrared Chemical Imaging: Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Components
Authors: Tarr Jonathan , Nishikida Koichi , Izzia Federico 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
With new image analysis software for infrared spectroscopy, semi-quantitative studies can be performed without the use of standards providing rapid measurements of component concentrations when an approximate value is suitable or when quantitative standards are not available. Infrared spectroscopy has been used for many years to identify the composition of organic and other materials. Single or multi-component samples can be analyzed and their chemical structures determined by comparing their absorbance peaks to known spectral libraries or fundamental molecular transitions. This technique is used throughout the scientific community and provides rich information.
Water — A Clean “Glue” to Attach Hydrophilic Plates to an AFM Sample Stage
Authors: Gan Yang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Attaching a sample to the instrument's sample stage is commonly the first step in the operation of an AFM. For our commercial Digital Instruments Multimode AFM, a sample is usually attached to a magnetic sample puck by double-sided tape, the sample puck is then placed on the instrument’s magnetic sample stage, and analysis can begin.
The use of double-sided tape, however, has unpleasant consequences. First, the surface of the sample puck becomes quite sticky due to residual glue from the double-sided tape ! removing the sticky glue is not a happy job. One cannot just throw a soiled sample puck away! Second, double-sided tape does not always give satisfactory mechanical stability during AFM operation, especially when high resolution imaging is being carried out. Sometimes the tape-mounted sample will creep slowly, which can cause significant drift of AFM images. This is because the tapes and their adhesive films are made of pressure sensitive materials that tend to change shape when pressure and/or temperature vary.
Dissolving Osmium Tetroxide the Easy Way
Authors: Sherman Debby 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Osmium crystals tend to cling to the glass ampoule walls making dissolving them difficult. Smashing the vials results in glass shards that may get into sample vials and can be dangerous, or carry into embedding media and damage diamond knives.
A simple trick to eliminate smashing osmium vials is to dip the sealed ampoule into liquid nitrogen. This releases the osmium crystals from the glass walls. Then simply break the vial using an ampoule cracker (available through EM supply houses) and pour the osmium crystals into a bottle containing the water for the OsO4 solution. Wait a few minutes to let the ampoule warm-up, and it is easy to see if all of the crystals have been dumped out of the ampoule. Let the solution sit overnight at room temperature in a hood and the next day the crystals will be totally dissolved.
Calibration Of Electron Microscopes: How To Do This, How Often, Pit-falls And Problems. M&M 2001 Experts' Session on Core Facility Management
Authors: Sherman Debby 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article is the third of a series transcribed from the discussion taped during the Core Facility Management session. Buileted paragraphs indicate comments by individuals attending the session.
D. Sherman: The next topic we are going to deal with has to do with calibration of electron microscopes. This became very important in my situation because we started dealing with people with nanotubes and nanovesicles and with very small things where they needed to have accurate size both in the SEM and the TEM magnification range. My own frustrations dealing with calibration, especially in the in between magnification, spurred me on to ask a couple of experts to give us some insight on what we should be doing with calibration - the problems associated with this and some general information about how to go about doing this in our standard facilities where money is short.
Scanning Impedance Microscopy: From Impedance Spectra to Impedance Images
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V , Bonnell Dawn A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The properties and performance of electronic devices are crucially dependent on interface-related phenomena. The presence of interfaces can enable electronic device functionality (p-n diodes, solar cells); alternatively, non-functional interfaces can degrade device performance (ohmic vs. non-ohmic contacts). The most versatile tools for semiconductor interface characterization are ac (impedance spectroscopy, C-V) and dc (I-V) transport measurements. However, due to the lack of spatial resolution, these methods often cannot separate the contributions from electroactive interfaces and contacts. This is especially true for the non-traditional electronic materials such as semiconductive oxides, nitrides, conductive polymers, etc. Combined with the tendency towards miniaturization of electronic devices, this clearly necessitates spatially resolved ac and dc transport measurements.