bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truthmaker Semantics and Natural Language Semantics
Authors: Champollion Lucas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTruthmaker semantics is a non‐classical logical framework that has recently garnered significant interest in philosophy, logic, and natural language semantics. It redefines the propositional connectives and gives rise to more fine‐grained entailment relations than classical logic. In its model theory, truth is not determined with respect to possible worlds, but with respect to truthmakers, such as states or events. Unlike possible worlds, these truthmakers may be partial; they may be either coherent or incoherent; and they are understood to be exactly or wholly relevant to the truth of the sentences they verify. Truthmaker semantics generalises collective, fusion‐based theories of conjunction; alternative‐based theories of disjunction; and nonstandard negation semantics. This article provides a gentle introduction to truthmaker semantics aimed at linguists; describes applications to various natural language phenomena such as imperatives, ignorance implicatures, and negative events; and discusses its similarities and differences to related frameworks such as event semantics, situation semantics, alternative semantics, and inquisitive semantics.
Genomic Architecture Underlying the Striking Colour Variation in the Presence of Gene Flow for the Guinan Toad‐Headed Lizard
Authors: Chen Ying , Tan Song , Xu Qiwei , Fu Jinzhong , Qi Yin , Qiu Xia , Yang Weizhao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHow divergence occurs between closely related organisms in the absence of geographic barriers to gene flow stands as one of the long‐standing questions in evolutionary biology. Previous studies suggested that the interplay between selection, gene flow and recombination strongly affected the process of divergence with gene flow. However, the extent to which these forces interact to drive divergence remains largely ambiguous. Guinan toad‐headed lizards (Phrynocephalus guinanensis) in the Mugetan Desert exhibit striking colour differences from lizards outside the desert and provide an excellent model to address this question. Through extensive sampling and whole genome sequencing, we obtained genotypes for 191 samples from 14 populations inside and outside the desert. Despite the colour differences, continuous and asymmetric gene flow was detected across the desert border. More importantly, 273 highly diverged regions (HDRs) were identified between them, accounting only for 0.47% of the genome but widely distributed across 20 (out of the total 24) chromosomes. Strong signatures of selection were identified in HDRs, and local recombination rates were repressed. Furthermore, five HDRs exhibited significantly higher divergence, which contained key genes associated with crucial functions in animal coloration, including pteridine and melanocyte pigmentation. Genes related to retinal cells and steroid hormones were identified in other HDRs, which might have also contributed to the formation of colour variation in the presence of gene flow. This study provided novel insights into the understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of genetic divergence in the presence of gene flow.
The two‐component system CpxA/CpxR regulates pathogenesis and stress adaptability in the poplar canker bacterium Lonsdalea populi
Authors: Yang Ruirui , Ming Zexu , Zeng Sha , Wang Yanwei , Wang Yonglin , Li Aining 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBacteria employ two‐component systems (TCSs) to rapidly sense and respond to their surroundings often and during plant infection. Poplar canker caused by Lonsdalea populi is an emerging woody bacterial disease that leads to high mortality and poplar plantation losses in China. Nonetheless, the information about the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis remains scarce. Therefore, in this study, we reported the role of a TCS pair CpxA/CpxR in regulating virulence and stress responses in L. populi. The CpxA/R system is essential during infection, flagellum formation, and oxidative stress response. Specifically, the Cpx system affected flagellum formation by controlling the expression of flagellum‐related genes. CpxR, which was activated by phosphorylation in the presence of CpxA, participated in the transcriptional regulation of a chaperone sctU and the type III secretion system (T3SS)‐related genes, thereby influencing T3SS functions during L. populi infection. Phosphorylated CpxR directly manipulated the transcription of a membrane protein‐coding gene yccA and the deletion of yccA resulted in reduced virulence and increased sensitivity to H2O2. Furthermore, we mutated the conserved phosphorylation site of CpxR and found that CpxRD51A could no longer bind to the yccA promoter but could still bind to the sctU promoter. Together, our findings elucidate the roles of the Cpx system in regulating virulence and reactive oxygen species resistance and provide further evidence that the TCS is crucial during infection and stress response.
First Reported Cases of Terbinafine‐Resistant Trichophyton indotineae Isolates in Israel: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics and Response to Treatment
Authors: Galili Eran , Lubitz Irit , Shemer Avner , Astman Nadav , Pevzner Keren , Gazit Zeala , Segal Oz , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Halevi Shiraz , Baum Sharon , Barzilai Aviv , Amit Sharon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrichophyton indotineae, a newly defined species within the T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex, has emerged as an epidemiological concern worldwide. However, owing to the limitations of commonly applied fungal identification techniques, T. indotineae remains underreported. In addition, T. indotineae's response to treatment has been described in only a few studies.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of terbinafine‐resistant T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex infections, as well as to detect T. indotineae cases.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 22 patients with T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex infections between 2019 and 2023, using either culture or commercial polymerase chain reaction methods. Patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment responses were recorded. Patients non‐responsive to oral terbinafine underwent further analyses, including DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region for accurate species identification and mutational analysis of the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 49.7 years (±18.2), with 54.5% men. Terbinafine‐resistant T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex infections were reported in 46.2% of the cohort (n = 6/13 patients; 9 lost to treatment response follow‐up), all of whom exhibited extensive dermatophytosis. Among the terbinafine‐resistant T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale isolates, all five isolates available for fungal analysis were identified as T. indotineae, harbouring SQLE single‐point mutations (Phe397Leu and Leu393Ser). Only three of the terbinafine‐resistant cases responded to oral itraconazole 200 mg/day, with two responding only to oral voriconazole and one to oral itraconazole 400 mg/day.ConclusionAll cases of T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale assessed in this study were identified as T. indotineae, which exhibits SQLE gene mutations. This underscores the importance of integrating methods to detect T. indotineae in routine clinical practice.
Multicentre Study of Candida parapsilosis Blood Isolates in Türkiye Highlights an Increasing Rate of Fluconazole Resistance and Emergence of Echinocandin and Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Ünal Nevzat , Spruijtenburg Bram , Arastehfar Amir , Gümral Ramazan , de Groot Theun , Meijer Eelco F. J. , Türk‐Dağı Hatice , Birinci Asuman , Hilmioğlu‐Polat Süleyha , Meis Jacques F. , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Ilkit Macit 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWorldwide emergence of clonal outbreaks caused by fluconazole‐resistant (FLCR) and the recent emergence of echinocandin‐ and multidrug‐resistant (ECR and MDR) Candida parapsilosis isolates pose serious threats to modern clinics. Conducting large‐scale epidemiological studies aimed at determining the genetic composition and antifungal resistance rates is necessary to devise antifungal stewardship and infection control strategies at international, national and local levels. Despite being severely hit by outbreaks due to FLCR C. parapsilosis isolates, such knowledge at the national level is lacking in Türkiye. Herein, we conducted a prospective multicentre study involving five major clinical centres in Türkiye to determine antifungal resistance rates, underlying mechanisms and genetic composition of all isolates.MethodsIn total, 341 isolates were collected from 265 patients including clinical information. Antifungal susceptibility testing against common antifungals was performed in addition to sequencing of ERG11 and FKS1. Last, isolates were genotyped with short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping to investigate potential nosocomial transmission.ResultsThe FLCR rate was 26.7% (91/341), out of which 75.8% (69/91) harboured the ERG11Y132F mutation. Patients infected with FLCR isolates had a higher mortality rate compared to their susceptible counterparts (49% for FLCR vs. 42% for susceptible). ECR rate was 2.1% (7/341) and isolates carried FKS1F652L/R658G/W1370R mutations. Concerningly, four ECR isolates were MDR. FLCR isolates grouped in distinct clusters without evidence of inter‐hospital transmission, whereas large clusters containing susceptible isolates from all centres were noted.ConclusionOverall, the increasing prevalence of FLCR C. parapsilosis at national level and the emergence of ECR and MDR isolates pose serious clinical challenges in Türkiye. Therefore, conducting large‐scale epidemiological studies are critical to determine the trend of antifungal resistance and to tailor pertinent antifungal stewardship and infection control strategies to effectively curb the spread of drug‐resistant C. parapsilosis.
Effects of multidisciplinary therapy on energy balance, inflammation, and metabolic diseases in adolescents with obesity: A narrative review
Authors: Dâmaso Ana Raimunda , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Campos Raquel Munhoz da Silveira , Corgosinho Flávia Campos , Cercato Cintia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObesity is a consequence of multiple factors, including genetics, lifestyle and nutritional choices, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time, and mood disorders. These behavioral elements can impair the regulation of energy balance and obesity management that link obesity to a constellation of chronic conditions that lead to a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Multidisciplinary therapy is defined as an approach delivered by a multidisciplinary‐trained health team covering at least two components of behavior, physical activity/exercise, dietary habits, and/or psychological counseling associated with clinical interventions. This narrative review summarizes the effects of multidisciplinary therapy on neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, inflammatory biomarkers, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, behavior, and quality of life. We found that multidisciplinary therapy, including medical, nutritional, exercise, and behavioral counseling, and/or education, was useful for addressing outcomes such as visceral adiposity, neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, inflammatory biomarkers, cardiometabolic risk factors, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. The effects were mediated by improvements in neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, downregulation of the pro‐inflammatory states, and a reduction in comorbidities. Multidisciplinary therapy also improved mood disorders and quality of life.
A narrow complex tachycardia with a short HV interval: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Chen Hongwu , Wang Hao , Jin Ying , Ehdaie Ashkan , Wang Xunzhang , He Lang , Chen Minglong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe case was a 15‐year‐old male with a history of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia refractory to medical therapy and prior catheter. A repeat electrophysiology study and catheter ablation were applied. Baseline AH and HV intervals were 100 and 55 ms during normal sinus rhythm (NSR), respectively. Programmed atrial stimulation induced a short RP narrow complex tachycardia (HV interval 22 ms) with an incomplete right bundle branch block configuration and right axis deviation. Tachycardia was terminated with ATP 5 mg injection. An atrial premature beat within the His refractory period advanced and reset tachycardia. Entrainment performed from the coronary sinus and left ventricle both showed a post‐pacing interval minus tachycardia cycle length (TCL) of 90 ms. After confirming the diagnosis, left atrial mapping along mitral annulus was performed using trans‐septal access and accessory pathway potentials were recorded during NSR and tachycardia at the superior mitral annulus. An irrigated ablation catheter guided by 3‐D mapping was used to perform ablation during tachycardia. Tachycardia terminated immediately during the first RF application with ensuing automaticity exhibiting a warm‐up during radiofrequency delivery and a cooling down upon the suspension of ablation. Therefore, all phenomena of Mahaim‐fiber associated tachycardia were observed. In this case, we describe an antidromic atrio‐ventricular reentry tachycardia using a left atrio‐fascicular fiber inserting into the proximal left anterior fascicle.
Submyocardial Pacing Threshold Distribution During Cold Saline Application; Exploring Reversible Arrhythmia Inhibition
Authors: Saitoh Osamu , Kasai Takumi , Oikawa Ayaka , Hasegawa Yuki , Otsuki Sou , Tagawa Minoru , Furushima Hiroshi , Inomata Takayuki , Chinushi Masaomi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCold saline application through an irrigation catheter may induce reversible inhibition of submyocardial excitation, which may be used to identify in advance an ideal site for radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery around delicate areas.MethodsAn open irrigation catheter was positioned vertically or parallel with 10‐g contact on coronary perfusing porcine hearts and the contacted myocardium was cooled by cold saline at 4°C (20 mL/min). A temperature electrode was inserted 2 mm below the myocardial surface (intra‐myocardial temperature at approximately 2 mm below the surface [Temp‐BS]). Pacing threshold inside the ventricular wall was measured using an eight‐pole electrode plunge needle inserted 5–8 mm close to the ablation catheter, and percent increase of the pacing threshold by the cold saline application (%increase‐PT) was calculated.ResultsDuring cooling, pacing at 10 V from the myocardial surface interrupted constant capture in 7/10 experiments in vertical and in 9/10 experiments in parallel ablation catheter contact. Minimum Temp‐BS was not different in both catheter contact positions (25.9 ± 4.0°C in vertical vs. 25.4 ± 2.6°C in parallel). Large % increase‐PT on the surface myocardium decreased as the myocardial depth became deeper, and > 150% increase was at a depth approximately 2–3 mm from the surface and > 120% increase around 6–7 mm from the surface. After cessation of cold saline application, the increased %increase‐PT recovered to the pre‐cooling values.ConclusionsCold saline application through an irrigation catheter reversibly inhibited submyocardial excitation. This simple method may have the potential to pre‐determine the ideal ablation site in sensitive areas of the heart, although further studies and technological adjustments are required before clinical use.
Atrioventricular Block in the Setting of Immune Myocarditis: A Pragmatic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Gürdoğan Muhammet , Taylan Gökay , Özkan Uğur , Ebik Mustafa , Solak Nilay , Gürlertop Yekta , Yalta Kenan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTImmunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in the last decade and has significantly improved patient survival. However, immunotherapy is associated with serious cardiac adverse events including myocarditis and conduction disturbances. In the literature, the mortality rate in patients with immunotherapy‐associated myocarditis and complete AV block is reported to be approximately 60%. Current cardio‐oncology guidelines provide a series of recommendations for the management of immune myocarditis (IM). However, there is no recommendation on whether or when pacemaker implantation should be performed in the setting of complete AV block associated with myocarditis. This gap in the literature has led to a trend in cardio‐oncology practice to implant permanent pacemakers (PPMs) in a significant proportion of patients without waiting for a response to immunosuppressive therapy. However, in a significant proportion of patients undergoing PPM implantation, complete AV block resolves after immunosuppressive therapy. This suggests that in cases of complete AV block in the setting of IM, more robust clues are needed for PPM implantation. This review aims to present algorithms for the management of myocarditis and complete AV block, one of the most lethal complications of immunotherapy, to help fill this gap in the literature.
Declining pain medicine fellowship applications from 2019 to 2024: A concerning trend among anesthesia residents and a growing gender disparity
Authors: Pritzlaff Scott G. , Singh Naileshni , Sanghvi Chinar , Jung Michael J. , Cheng Paul K. , Copenhaver David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe fields of anesthesiology and pain medicine are experiencing significant changes driven by market forces and professional preferences. While demand for anesthesiologists is rising, pain medicine is facing a decline in fellowship applications.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) from 2019 to 2023, focusing on trends in fellowship applications to pain medicine programs. Additionally, preliminary data from the 2024 match cycle were examined.ResultsThere has been a notable decrease in anesthesiology residents applying to pain medicine fellowships, with applications dropping from 351 in 2019 to 193 in 2023. The overall decline in anesthesia‐based applicants to pain medicine fellowships was 45%, signaling the highest detriment among anesthesiology applicants compared to other specialties. Gender disparities have been prevalent, with the absolute number of female applicants decreasing every year since 2019. Additionally, the 2023 match saw a significant number of unfilled programs, with 35 out of 115 programs failing to fill all positions. Preliminary data from the 2024 match cycle suggest this downward trend is continuing.ConclusionThe decline in pain medicine fellowship applications, particularly among anesthesiology residents, signals potential future workforce shortages and challenges in patient care. Recruitment strategies should include early exposure to pain medicine during residency, enhanced mentorship programs, and robust recruitment efforts (including virtual options). Addressing these issues is essential to ensure enough trained specialists to meet the growing need for pain specialists nationally.
Genome Manipulation Advances in Selected Aquaculture Organisms
Authors: Wang Jinhai , Cheng Yu , Su Baofeng , Dunham Rex A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWith the rising global demand for seafood and the challenges posed by overfishing and climate change, the aquaculture sector has become increasingly important in providing high‐quality protein for human consumption. Although traditional selection breeding programs have made great strides in genetic improvement of aquaculture species over the past decades, faster and more precise breeding tools, such as genome manipulation, are needed for performance enhancement of aquaculture stock. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current status of three major genome manipulation tools, including RNA interference (RNAi), gene transfer, and genome editing in aquaculture species, and discusses the advances made, challenges faced, and potential future directions of this fast‐developing field. Taking catfish as an example, this paper reviews the specific applications of these techniques to improve traits such as growth, disease resistance, reproduction, and nutritional profiles in various commercially important fishes and crustaceans, highlighting successful applications and ongoing research efforts. We also propose CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated multiplex genome editing for the knockout or replacement of multiple genes in parallel to improve multiple traits in fish. Collectively, this review provides insights into the evolving landscape of genome manipulation in aquaculture and sheds light on its implications for sustainable practices and responsible innovation.
Use of Injectable Progesterone as a Pre‐Synchronisation Strategy in a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol Based on Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone and Progesterone in Bos indicus Beef Cows in Anoestrous
Authors: Silva Matheus Cruz , dos Anjos Mariana Moreira , de Camargo Higor Souza , Lollato João Paulo Mendes , Lorenzetti Elis , Barreiros Thales Ricardo Rigo , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes , Morotti Fábio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of pre‐synchronisation with injectable progesterone (P4) on the ovarian follicular dynamics of Bos taurus indicus cows in anoestrous treated with a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol. Multiparous Nelore females (n = 47) at 30–60 days postpartum were used in this study. 10 days before (D‐10) the TAI protocol, antral follicle count (AFC; follicles ≥ 3 mm), ovarian condition and body condition score (BCS; 1–5) were assessed and were randomly allocated into two groups: Pre‐sync (n = 25), which underwent pre‐synchronisation with 150 mg of injectable P4 intramuscularly (i.m.), and control (n = 22), which received the same volume of NaCL 0.9%. On D0, the ovarian assessment was repeated, and TAI protocol was initiated in all animals, with the insertion of an intravaginal P4 device and administration of 10.5 μg of buserelin acetate (gonadotropin‐releasing hormone—GnRH). On D7, the P4 device was removed, and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin, 150 μg of D‐cloprostenol and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate were administered i.m. On the same day (D7), the presence of the corpus luteum (CL) was assessed, the dominant follicle was measured, and the tail was painted to evaluate estrous expression. On D9, the largest follicle was remeasured, and TAI was performed. Animals that were not detected in oestrous at the time of AI were administered 10.5 μg of GnRH i.m. Numerical data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Binary data were analysed using the Fisher's exact test (5%). BCS, both at the beginning of pre‐synchronisation (p = 0.45) and TAI protocol initiation (p = 0.20), and AFC (p = 0.36) did not differ between control and Pre‐sync groups. The diameter of the largest follicle was similar between the control and Pre‐sync groups on D‐10 (p = 0.32), D0 (p = 0.33), D7 (p = 0.29) and D9 (p = 0.22). On D7 of the protocol, the Pre‐sync group had a higher percentage of CL visible on transrectal ultrasonography (84.0%; p = 0.02) than the control group (54.5%); however, the expression during oestrous did not differ between groups (p = 0.59). The pregnancy rate was similar (p = 0.64) between groups and was not influenced by the CL rate on D7 (p = 0.48), oestrous expression (p = 0.20) or their interaction (p > 0.1). Pre‐synchronisation effectively increased the proportion of cows with CL on D7 without altering the diameter of the largest follicle, oestrous expression or pregnancy rate in anoestrous cows treated with a GnRH/P4‐based TAI protocol.