bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY
Authors: Volotovska N. V. , Kashchak T. V. 
Published: July 2019

Background. Blood loss during civil and military limb trauma is the most common cause of preventable death. Complications due to the use of a hemostatic tourniquet are widely investigated nowadays. Therefore, the standards of the past have to be improved.
Objective. The aim of the research is to study the reaction of the enzyme chain of the liver antioxidant system in the presence of modifications of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).
Methods. 210 white male-rats, aged 5-5.5 months, were used in the research. The dynamics of antioxidant enzymes activity catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue in cases of modifications of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) were studied. The period of investigation was in 24 hours, 3, 7, 14 days after the injury.
Results. In cases of simulated IRI the catalase level mainly decreased at each period of the experiment. The peak of SOD activity was evidenced on the 1st, 3rd or 7th days after the experimental IRI according to the degree of trauma severity. Thus, IRI combined with severe blood loss and mechanical trauma caused the severest affection of the antioxidant system. Even a single application of hemostatic tourniquet caused similar wavelike reactions at different times.
Conclusions. The development of IRI is accompanied by a significant depression of the liver antioxidant system. The most significant changes were evidenced in cases of IRI combined with blood loss and mechanical trauma, but even a single application of a tourniquet caused active response of the antioxidant enzymes.
Intravascular Stem Cell Bioreactor for Prevention of Adverse Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Johnston Peter V. , Hwang Chao‐Wei , Bogdan Virginia , Mills Kevin J. , Eggan Elliott R. , Leszczynska Aleksandra , Wu Katherine C. , Herzka Daniel A. , Brinker Jeffrey A. , Schulman Steven P. , Banerjee Monisha , Florea Victoria , Natsumeda Makoto , Tompkins Bryon , Balkan Wayne , Hare Joshua M. , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Weiss Robert G. , Gerstenblith Gary 
Published: July 2019

Background

Prevention of adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction (
MI)
is an important goal of stem cell therapy. Clinical trial results vary, however, and poor cell retention and survival after delivery likely limit the opportunity to exert beneficial effects. To overcome these limitations, we built an implantable intravascular bioreactor (
IBR
) designed to protect contained cells from washout, dilution, and immune attack while allowing sustained release of beneficial paracrine factors.

Methods and Results

IBR
s were constructed using semipermeable membrane adhered to a clinical‐grade catheter shaft. Mesenchymal stem cell (
MSC
) viability in and paracrine factor release from
IBR
s were assessed in vitro and
IBR
biocompatibility and immune protection confirmed in vivo. In a porcine anterior
MI
model,
IBR
s containing 25 million allogeneic
MSC
s (
IBR
‐
MSCs
) were compared with
IBR
s containing media alone (
IBR
‐Placebo; n=8 per group) with adverse remodeling assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Four weeks after
MI
,
IBR
‐
MSCs
had no significant change in end‐diastolic volume (+0.33±4.32 mL;
P
=0.89), end‐systolic volume (+2.14±4.13 mL;
P
=0.21), and left ventricular ejection fraction (−2.27±2.94;
P
=0.33) while
IBR
‐Placebo had significant increases in end‐diastolic volume (+10.37±3.84 mL;
P
=0.01) and
ESV
(+11.35±2.88 mL;
P
=0.01), and a significant decrease in
left ventricular ejection fraction
(−5.78±1.70;
P
=0.025). Eight weeks after
MI
, adherent pericarditis was present in 0 of 8
IBR
‐
MSCs
versus 4 of 8
IBR
‐Placebo (
P
=0.02), suggesting an anti‐inflammatory effect. In a separate study, 25 million allogeneic pig
MSC
s directly injected in the peri‐infarct zone 3 days after
MI
(n=6) showed no significant benefit in adverse remodeling at 4 weeks compared with
IBR
‐
MSCs
.

Conclusions

MSC
s deployed inside an implantable, removable, and potentially rechargeable bioreactor in a large animal model remain viable, are immunoprotected, and attenuate adverse remodeling 4 weeks after
MI
.
How Do Ocean Warm Anomalies Favor the Aggregation of Deep Convective Clouds?
Authors: Shamekh Sara , Muller Caroline , Duvel Jean-Philippe , D’Andrea Fabio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the role of a warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (hot spot of typically 3 to 5 K) on the aggregation of convection using cloud-resolving simulations in a nonrotating framework. It is well known that SST gradients can spatially organize convection. Even with uniform SST, the spontaneous self-aggregation of convection is possible above a critical SST (here 295 K), arising mainly from radiative feedbacks. We investigate how a circular hot spot helps organize convection, and how self-aggregation feedbacks modulate this organization. The hot spot significantly accelerates aggregation, particularly for warmer/larger hot spots, and extends the range of SSTs for which aggregation occurs; however, at cold SST (290 K) the aggregated cluster disaggregates if we remove the hot spot. A large convective instability over the hot spot leads to stronger convection and generates a large-scale circulation which forces the subsidence drying outside the hot spot. Indeed, convection over the hot spot brings the atmosphere toward a warmer temperature. The warmer temperatures are imprinted over the whole domain by gravity waves and subsidence warming. The initial transient warming and concomitant subsidence drying suppress convection outside the hot spot, thus driving the aggregation. The hot-spot-induced large-scale circulation can enforce the aggregation even without radiative feedbacks for hot spots sufficiently large/warm. The strength of the large-scale circulation, which defines the speed of aggregation, is a function of the hot spot fractional area. At equilibrium, once the aggregation is well established, the moist convective region with upward midtropospheric motion, centered over the hot spot, has an area surprisingly independent of the hot spot size.
Three-Dimensional Baroclinic Eddies in the Ocean: Evolution, Propagation, Overall Structures, and Angular Models
Authors: Liao Guanghong , Xu Xiaohua , Dong Changming , Cao Haijin , Wang Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe evolution and dynamics of an initially Gaussian baroclinic vortex embedded in a resting stratification environment are investigated with a three-dimensional primitive equation model. The vortex evolution process strongly depends on multiple parameters. Particularly, the effects of the gradient of planetary vorticity, nonlinearity, and friction have been studied to evaluate their roles. Comparisons with previous results from a simplified model are made. We particularly focus on interactions between vortices at different levels to understand their evolution. Additionally, a set of numerical simulations has been performed to examine the role of parameter space (Froude–Rossby number) on the evolution of eddies. The evolution and propagation of the vortex is affected by the planetary vorticity gradient; nonlinearity accelerates the transfer of energy from low to high angular mode and speeds up the propagation of eddies. A new finding is that a “double dipole” structure is observed with the development of a vortex, which is located in the core and edge regions, respectively. Only eddies in a finite depth range can maintain synchronous motion, and the dispersive translation paths in all levels imply that initially aligned eddies finally develop into misaligned structures and lead the tilted axis. In contrast to the results in a previous study, eddies have a southward drift irrespective of the vortex polarity. The eddies in the upper level maintain strong stability; in the middle depths, eddies decay rapidly where they form mixed barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The energy budget analysis demonstrates the complex energy conversion between eddy and angular modes. The Burger number is the most important factor affecting the pattern of eddy evolution.
Quasi-Operational Testing of Real-Time Storm-Longevity Prediction via Machine Learning
Authors: McGovern Amy , Karstens Christopher D. , Smith Travis , Lagerquist Ryan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReal-time prediction of storm longevity is a critical challenge for National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters. These predictions can guide forecasters when they issue warnings and implicitly inform them about the potential severity of a storm. This paper presents a machine-learning (ML) system that was used for real-time prediction of storm longevity in the Probabilistic Hazard Information (PHI) tool, making it a Research-to-Operations (R2O) project. Currently, PHI provides forecasters with real-time storm variables and severity predictions from the ProbSevere system, but these predictions do not include storm longevity. We specifically designed our system to be tested in PHI during the 2016 and 2017 Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) experiments, which are a quasi-operational naturalistic environment. We considered three ML methods that have proven in prior work to be strong predictors for many weather prediction tasks: elastic nets, random forests, and gradient-boosted regression trees. We present experiments comparing the three ML methods with different types of input data, discuss trade-offs between forecast quality and requirements for real-time deployment, and present both subjective (human-based) and objective evaluation of real-time deployment in the HWT. Results demonstrate that the ML system has lower error than human forecasters, which suggests that it could be used to guide future storm-based warnings, enabling forecasters to focus on other aspects of the warning system.
Therapeutic effect of gradual attention training on language function in patients with post-stroke aphasia: a pilot study
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li He , Li Ruojin , Xu Guoxing , Li Zhenlan 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To investigate the effect of gradual attention training on language function with aphasia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Participants: A total of 40 patients (mean age: 53.47 years) with post-stroke aphasia came from the stroke rehabilitation unit of rehabilitation department in the First Hospital of Jilin University, of which 13 (32.5%) had intracerebral hemorrhage, 28 inpatients and 12 outpatients, 11 women and 29 men, 34 within three-month stroke and 6 within three months to one year. Interventions: All participants were divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups received language treatment 20 minutes a day, six days/week, for five weeks, and the experimental group received gradual attention training 20 minutes a day, six days/week, for five weeks. Main measures: Language function was assessed pre- and post-treatment by components of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) which included spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming and then calculated the aphasia quotient (AQ). Results: The mean (SD) AQ of the experimental group and control group, respectively, was 25.71 (12.63) and 26.2 (12.31) at baseline. After treatment, the AQ mean (SD) was 43.08 (15.14) in the experimental group, which showed a significant improvement compared to 33.48 (14.04) in the control group ( P = 0.02).All items of WAB were higher in experimental group than those in control group, especially in auditory comprehension and naming ( P = 0.02, 0.01). Conclusion: Gradual attention training seemed to improve language function in post-stroke aphasia, specifically function of listening comprehension and naming.
Cerebellar artery arising from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and persistent trigeminal artery: a spectrum of incomplete longitudinal fusion
Authors: Cho Dong Young , Kim Bum-soo , Jang Jinhee , Choi Hyun Seok , Jung So Lyung , Ahn Kook-jin , Shin Yong Sam 
Published: July 2019

Background The embryological relationship between cerebellar arteries originating directly from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and persistent trigeminal artery is not well understood. Purpose To evaluate the incidence and pattern of cerebellar arteries originating from the internal carotid artery and persistent trigeminal artery, and to discuss their probable embryological relationship. Material and Methods We reviewed 5113 angiographic studies from 5093 patients at our institution over the last eight years, searching for patients with persistent trigeminal artery and cerebellar arteries originating from a cavernous segment of internal carotid artery (persistent trigeminal artery variant). Results Of the 5093 patients, 27 patients had persistent trigeminal artery or persistent trigeminal artery variant (0.53%). Twenty patients (6 men, 14 women; median age = 54 years) had persistent trigeminal artery (0.39%). Seven patients (2 men, 5 women, age range = 37–72 years; median age = 57 years) had a persistent trigeminal artery variant with persistent trigeminal artery terminating in a cerebellar artery without direct connection to the basilar artery (persistent trigeminal artery variant; 0.14%). The terminal branch of the persistent trigeminal artery variant was an anterior inferior carotid artery in five patients and a superior cerebellar artery in two patients. Of the seven patients having persistent trigeminal artery variant, four patients had another artery from the basilar artery to the anterior inferior carotid artery territory. In 6/20 patients with persistent trigeminal artery, there was an anterior inferior carotid artery arising from the persistent trigeminal artery. One of these patients showed another arterial branch from the basilar artery to the anterior inferior carotid artery territory. Conclusion Persistent trigeminal artery variant and cerebellar arteries originating from the persistent trigeminal artery are both believed to be a spectrum of incomplete fusion of the longitudinal neural arteries. Understanding the precise anatomy is important in diagnostic and therapeutic settings for related vascular disease.
Effect of maternal weight gain according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations on pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese population
Authors: Guan Ping , Tang Fei , Sun Guoqiang , Ren Wei 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study aimed to analyze the effects of maternal weight on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from a hospital in Wuhan, China. A total of 1593 pregnant women with singletons were included. Adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) were analyzed. Results The risks of low birth weight, SGA, and preterm birth were significantly higher in the inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) group compared with the adequate GWG group. GWG over the guidelines was related to a higher risk of macrosomia, LGA, cesarean section, and HDP than GWG within the guidelines. The risks of low birth weight (OR = 5.082), SGA (OR = 3.959), preterm birth (OR = 3.422), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.784) were significantly higher in women with a normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and inadequate GWG compared with women with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI and adequate GWG. The risks of macrosomia (OR = 3.654) and HDP (OR = 1.992) were increased in women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG. Conclusion Women with an abnormal BMI and inappropriate GWG have an increased risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Weight management during the perinatal period is required.
Microstructural damage of normal-appearing white matter in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia is associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores
Authors: Liao Zhangyuan , Dang Chun , Li Meijie , Bu Yali , Han Ranran , Jiang Wei 
Published: July 2019

Objectives This study was performed to determine whether multimodal biomarkers are more strongly associated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and whether they are correlated with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). Methods Patients diagnosed with SIVD were enrolled. Peripheral blood hypersensitive C-reactive protein, white matter lesion volume (WMLV), fractional anisotropy (FA)/mean diffusivity (MD) of whole brain white matter (WBWM), and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) were measured and correlated with MMSE, MoCA, and CDR scores. Results Bivariate analyses of data from 48 included patients revealed that both MoCA and MMSE were significantly associated with age, education, and FA of NAWM. Only MD of NAWM was correlated with MoCA scores. In partial correlation analysis adjusted for demographic and neuroimaging variables, MD/FA of NAWM and the MoCA scores were significantly correlated. FA/MD of NAWM had a modest trend toward a correlation with the CDR, but it was not significant. Conclusions In the patients with SIVD, FA/MD of NAWM were more strongly related to MoCA scores compared with MMSE scores.
Drug-related problems with targeted/immunotherapies at an oncology outpatient clinic
Authors: Kucuk Esra , Bayraktar-Ekincioglu Aygin , Erman Mustafa , Kilickap Saadettin 
Published: July 2019

Background Some studies in the literature describe drug-related problems in patients with cancer, although few studies focused on patients receiving targeted chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. To identify the incidence of drug-related problems in patients receiving targeted chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, and demonstrate the impact of a clinical pharmacist in an outpatient oncology care setting. Methods Prospective study was conducted in a hospital outpatient oncology clinic between October 2015 and March 2016. Patients greater than 18 years old receiving cetuximab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, or pembrolizumab were included in the study and monitored over a three-month period by a clinical pharmacist. Drug-related problems were analyzed using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification system. The main outcome measures were the frequency and causes of drug-related problems and the degree of resolution achieved through the involvement of a clinical pharmacist. Results A total of 54 patients (mean age: 57 ± 12 years) were included. There were 105 drug-related problems and 159 associated causes. Among the planned interventions (n = 149), 92 interventions were at the patient-level with 88 (96%) being accepted by the doctors. This resulted in 68 (65%) drug-related problems being completely resolved and 9 (8.6%) being partially resolved. The most common drug-related problem identified was “adverse drug event” (n = 38, 36%). Of the 105 drug-related problems, 63 (60%) related to targeted chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy with 34 (54%) classified as an “adverse drug event.” Conclusion Adverse drug events were the most common drug-related problems in patients with cancer. The involvement of a clinical pharmacist improved the identification of drug-related problems and helped optimize treatment outcomes in patients receiving targeted chemotherapy/immunotherapy.
Combining Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Virtual Reality for Improving Sensorimotor Function in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Junior Vitor Antônio dos Santos , Santos Matheus de Sales , Ribeiro Nildo Manoel da Silva , Maldonado Igor Lima 
Published: July 2019

Aim: To assess a program combining virtual reality (VR) games and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and to compare it with the standalone techniques in stroke survivors. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 48 participants were recruited in the outpatient clinic of a University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 16 each): PNF, VR, and PNF/VR. Participants attended twice-weekly 50-minute sessions over a 2-month period. The PNF/VR group performed both PNF and VR exercises employing Nintendo Wii electronic games. Motor performance was assessed before and immediately after the treatment using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale. Results: An improvement in the mean scores was observed after treatment independent of the allocation group with significant intragroup changes: 14.5, 10.5, and 10.4 for PNF, VR, and PNF/VR, respectively. Score changes were also observed in the analyses of specific sections as follows: (1) a significant improvement in the passive movement and pain score was observed in the PNF and PNF/VR groups; (2) the same was observed for the motor function of the upper limb in all groups, for the motor function of the lower limb in the VR group and for balance in the PNF and PNF/VR groups. Conclusions: The use of a program combining virtual rehabilitation and PNF presented results that were comparable with those obtained with the isolated techniques.
Developing home-based telemental health services for youth: Practices from the SUAY Study
Authors: Schoenfelder Gonzalez Erin , Myers Kathleen , Thompson Ella E , King Deborah A , Glass Ashley M , Penfold Robert B 
Published: July 2019

Introduction There are no published procedural or safety guidelines for home-based telemental health (TMH) therapy with youth, despite the unique challenges and risks of providing services to this population outside of a traditional clinic setting. We developed clinical, logistical, and safety procedures for home-based TMH with youth in the context of a large clinical trial. Methods A Targeted Approach to Safer Use of Antipsychotics in Youth (SUAY) study identifies youth ages 3–17 who are prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication for non-psychotic disorders within large healthcare systems. Prescribing physicians receive psychopharmacology consultation. Patients receive a “navigator” to coordinate treatments and access to TMH if they do not have a local therapist. We optimized access by allowing TMH sessions to take place in the family’s home, while providing guidelines for privacy, safety, and in-session crises. Results Clinical issues included providing flexibility in the treatment modality and engaging families. Logistical issues included remote consenting for treatment and troubleshooting technological problems. Safety issues included crisis and safety planning with the youth and family before and during treatment. Discussion The provision of home-based TMH therapy for youth requires adaptations to existing TMH procedural and safety guidelines to optimize clinical care, technology coordination, and safety. Trial registration number and trial register: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03448575