bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Expedition Vessels in Polar Waters
Authors: Salminen Jukka , Vocke Maximilian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper will study the latest development of the expedition cruise market from lower ice class to latest heavy icebreaker class cruise ships. Expedition cruise industry is growing at the moment quite fast. New designs coming in to the market. Ice classes varies from PC6 to PC2.
The paper will describe current order book for expedition cruise vessels. Aker Arctic developed concept design together with Ponant and Stirling Design International for completely new type of expedition cruise vessel. The Ponant Icebreaker is a heavy PC2 class icebreaking cruise vessel designed to be a world's first truly luxury icebreaking cruise vessel capable to taking passenger to the North Pole. In the paper we will describe what kind of methods were used when selecting the design criteria when operating in extremely harsh environment.
When jumping from PC6 class to PC2 class it is a whole different game, several things must be taking in to account. Environmental impact is also important when designing vessels for fragile Polar environment and selecting the right systems in design phase is important. Passenger safety and comfort is very important. Taking the rules like of the Polar Code and Safe Return to Port rule causes some challenges when designing vessel for high Polar waters. Novel/Additive Information: Designing new type of vessel, which doesn't exist in the market is challenging. New ideas and solutions needs to be evaluated carefully. Selecting the best solutions is an utmost important.
Predicted Ice Images PRIIMA: Methodology and System Evaluation
Authors: Kountouris P. , Rabenstein L. , Cochrane P. , Krumpen T. , Hendricks S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Today's ice information is already outdated the moment it is available, due to sea-ice drift. All Arctic stakeholders are in an urgent need for ice forecasts. Presently there is no high-resolution ice forecast product available on the market. PRIIMA is going to tackle this problem. PRIIMA is being developed in a 6 months kick-start project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA). It started on March 1, 2018.

Methods, Procedures, Process
PRIIMA combines the lower resolution forecast information from operational sea-ice and weather models with an actual satellite image of the ice cover. It performs an image transformation from the recorded satellite image to a predicted image how it might look in 1-3 days. The process involves translation and rotation of ice features as well as scaling of the ice area. The concept is pragmatic in the sense that it establishes a helpful product developed in close collaboration with our test users from the field of cargo shipping, research ice breakers and expedition cruises.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The prediction of sea-ice situations by image warping of near-real time radar images can be differentiated into scenarios with increasing complexity: Free drifting ice away from the coast with a relatively homogenous wind field can be addressed with a single global transformation operator (G1-method) or determined on the bases of the four corner coordinates of the image (L4C-method).Ice drift close to the coast or in presence of heterogeneous wind fields requires local transformation of subsets of the SAR image. A possible solution is to define a dense grid of control points which will constrain the movement of the inland pixels(LMP method).
The quality of PRIIMA primarily depends on the accuracy of the available wind forecasts. In free drifting sea-ice a 24-hours forecast of the position of individual ice features was within 1 km to the true position.

Novel/Additive Information
PRIIMA delivers ice forecasts with the resolution of a satellite radar image. It enables the operating ice manager a quick assessment of the upcoming ice situation.
Evaluating Risk and Determining Operational Limitations for Ships in Ice
Authors: Bond J. , Hindley R. , Kendrick A. , Kämäräinen J. , Kuulila L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe IMO's International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) entered in to force on 1 January 2017 and provides, for the first time, an international regulatory framework for ships operating in Polar waters. In addition to technical regulations, the Polar Code requires that the Polar Ship Certificate should reference a methodology to assess operational capabilities and limitations in ice: essentially setting operational limitations for the specific ship navigating in Polar waters. The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) has been developed as an acceptable methodology for providing guidance on the operational limitations in ice of ships assigned different ice classes and has been directly referenced by the IMO in the Polar Code. The system was developed as a collaborative effort, drawing on operational and regulatory experience from industry and national administrations with experience in setting navigational limitations for ice covered waters. This paper presents the technical background behind the system and supporting information on its practical use both as a voyage planning tool and as real-time guidance on assessing ice regimes ahead of the ship. Validation of the system in the context of other existing regulatory requirements is discussed. The limitations of the system are explored and commentary and proposals are provided on recommended future enhancements.
Nearshore Class Unmanned Surface Vehicles: The Last-Mile Solution for Arctic Littoral-Zone Surveys
Authors: Stewart Helen , Khadjinova Rada , Brumley Kelley , Earl Shannon , Waugh Alex , Thomas Nick , Waugh Bob , Rycroft David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Challenges and complications of hydrographic and marine surveys in the last mile between sea and shore are compounded in the Arctic by remoteness, lack of infrastructure facilities, difficult transport, and environmental hazards. Without safe, cost-effective, and technologically fit-for-purpose survey solutions, these last-mile surveys are often neglected or inadequate for their design purposes. These special challenges pose similar difficulties to littoral marine and freshwater surveys in temperate New Zealand. To meet these challenges, experienced surveyors from the New Zealand branch of a global survey company partnered with a New Zealand-based naval architect to design and build a seaworthy class unmanned surface vehicle (USVs) for work in remote and isolated environments. The new nearshore class USV is easy to transport by any commercial means, inexpensive, safe for a two-person crew to operate, and has a customizable payload with large capacity for its size.
The ability to work safely in harsh, remote environments at a reasonable cost make the new nearshore class USV an attractive and cost-effective option for surveying in the Arctic. This paper presents information on this survey solution and discusses advantages to USVs as a survey platform in Arctic environments.
Physical Model Testing for Supporting Ice Force Model Development of DP Vessels in Managed Ice
Authors: Islam Shameem , Wang Jungyong , Brown Jeffrey , Lau Michael , Gash Robert , Millan David , Ocean James Millan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The stationkeeping performance prediction of a Dynamic Positioning (DP) vessel greatly depends on the accurate modelling of the ice forces, which in turn depends on managed ice field characteristics (ice concentration, floe thickness, floe size, ice drift speed and direction and inclusion of brash ice and small ice pieces) and the DP system characteristics (DP gain set-ups, control algorithms etc.). Physical model testing is a key tool in understanding and validating the fundamental relationships between the ice environmental parameters and the dynamics of a DP vessel. The National Research Council's Ocean Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre (NRC-OCRE) has conducted two comprehensive series of experiments with one 1/40 scaled and one 1/19 scaled DP vessels, in various realistic managed ice conditions in the ice tank facility in early 2015 and in early 2018, respectively. The primary objective of the model testing programs was to generate a database on managed ice-DP vessel interactions, which was the core to NRC-OCRE's ice force model development and validation activities.
This paper describes the model test planning, preparation of managed ice field, the procedure of the model tests and the methodologies of data analysis for the two model testing programs. In both programs, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the ice field were modelled by controlling ice concentration, ice thickness, floe size, ice strength and the ice drift speed and direction. The ice concentration ranged from a light condition (7/10th) to a very heavy condition (9/10th+) with multiple ice floe sizes ranging between 12.5m to 100m. Multiple ice thicknesses ranging between 0.4m to 2m were used for multiple ice drift speeds (0.2 knots, 0.5 knots, and 1.2 knots) with various moderate to extreme ice encroachment angles. Ice forces were not measured directly but estimated based on the thrusters’ response. In addition, model's 6-DOF motions and accelerations were recorded. Multiple high definition cameras were used to capture the global and local ice-structure interactions both placed in above water and underwater locations. For the 2018 testing program, a new ceiling based video system was introduced that captured the images of the ice basin at multiple overlapping locations, which were processed offline to obtain time sequence full image of the ice basin.
Model testing results for a few representative cases are presented in this article. The DP system used in the testing demonstrated capabilities of the vessel in maintaining station for majority of test cases. The measurements as well as the videos showed complex and highly stochastic ice-ship-boundary wall interactions, particularly for high oblique cases. The data and video captured provided sufficient information for developing novel ice force models for real time applications.
Protection of Subsea Assets Using an Iceberg Protection Structure
Authors: Blundon Andrew , King Tony 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For oil and gas projects offshore Newfoundland, Canada, subsea structures are generally placed in excavated drill centres which lower the equipment below the natural mudline, protecting the equipment from damage due to iceberg impact. This paper introduces a concept of protecting this equipment by utilizing a concrete structure affixed to the seabed using hammer driven piles.
Iceberg loads have been assessed utilizing a Monte Carlo iceberg contact model and a modified version of the Iceberg Load Software (ILS) developed for regions offshore eastern Canada. The Subsea Iceberg Protection Structure (SIPS) was designed using post-tensioned concrete construction. Preliminary concrete design in addition to pile capacity design is performed utilizing FE analysis. Using a hammer driven piled system, the maximum lateral resistance capacity can be determined in addition to the maximum impact energy absorption.
The internal Subsea Production System (SPS) system has been designed to specifically fit inside the SIPS while maintaining full ROV access for operation, maintenance and future well intervention.
The SIPS was designed as an L1 structure in accordance with ISO 19906. This includes impact from free floating and gouging icebergs. The design load for this impact event was calculated based on energy absorbed through ice crushing. The deformation and global movement of the SIPS was not considered as part of the energy absorption mechanism. The maximum ice crushing design load on the SIPS was determined for four locations on the Grand Banks offshore Eastern Canada.
In addition to the structural design of the SIPS, the piling system was analysed to determine the maximum capacity. The total lateral resistance was determined using a combination of a continuum model and a structural beam model (P-y method). The global movement was less than the maximum allowable deformation of the structure. The structure is therefore considered fit for purpose.
The projected construction and installation cost of this structure shows the potential for reduced costs compared to an excavated drill centre, thereby increasing the feasibility of potential tie-backs.
Using updated knowledge regarding iceberg size and geometry, areal density and ice strength, the analysis and design presented in this paper suggests that it may be more economical to install protection structures rather than dredge excavated drill centres, for marginal fields. In addition, the advancement of the internal SPS system is such that the equipment footprint is compact, requiring limited space within the SIPS.
This paper provides the necessary information to show that installing a structure to protect subsea equipment is technically achievable.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor Autoantibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1: Epitopes, Specificity, Functional Affinity, IgG Subclass, and Effects on Receptor Activity
Authors: Habibullah Mahmoud , Porter Julie A. , Kluger Nicolas , Ranki Annamari , Krohn Kai J. E. , Brandi Maria L. , Brown Edward M. , Weetman Anthony P. , Kemp E. Helen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A major manifestation of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) is hypoparathyroidism, which is suggested to result from aberrant immune responses against the parathyroid glands. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis by sensing blood calcium levels and regulating release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), is an autoantibody target in APS1. In this study, the aim was to characterize the binding sites, specificity, functional affinity, IgG subclass, and functional effects of CaSR autoantibodies using phage-display technology, ELISA, and bioassays. The results indicated that CaSR autoantibody binding sites were at aa 41–69, 114–126, 171–195, and 260–340 in the extracellular domain of the receptor. Autoantibodies against CaSR epitopes 41–69, 171–195, and 260–340 were exclusively of the IgG1 subclass. Autoantibody responses against CaSR epitope 114–126 were predominantly of the IgG1 with a minority of the IgG3 subclass. Only autoantibodies recognizing CaSR epitopes 114–126 and 171–195 affected receptor activity; inositol-phosphate accumulation was increased significantly in HEK293-CaSR cells, and PTH secretion from PTH-C1 cells was reduced significantly when either were incubated with purified Ab and Ca2+ compared with Ca2+ alone. In conclusion, although the majority of APS1 patients do not have CaSR-stimulating autoantibodies, the hypoparathyroid state in a small minority of patients is the result of functional suppression of the parathyroid glands.
High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of both TCR-β Alleles
Authors: Hosoya Tomonori , Li Hongyang , Ku Chia-Jui , Wu Qingqing , Guan Yuanfang , Engel James Douglas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Allelic exclusion is a vital mechanism for the generation of monospecificity to foreign Ags in B and T lymphocytes. In this study, we developed a high-throughput barcoded method to simultaneously analyze the VDJ recombination status of both mouse TCR-β alleles in hundreds of single cells using next-generation sequencing.
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES IN TUNISIAN CHILDREN
Authors: GUIRAT Naouel , Ben Khaled Monia , Ouederni Monia , Ben-Mustapha Imen , Kouki Ridha , Besbes Habib , Barbouche Mohamed Ridha , Mellouli Fethi , Bejaoui Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Skin manifestations are frequent among patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Their prevalence varies according to the type of immunodeficiency. This review provides the reader with an up-to-date summary of the common dermatologic manifestations of PIDs among Tunisian children. We conducted a prospective study on two hundred and ninety children with immune deficiency. Demographic details (including age, sex, and consanguinity) with personal and family history were recorded. Special attention was paid to cutaneous manifestations. Dermatological involvements were grouped according to the etiology of their most prominent sign. Cutaneous manifestations were found in 164 patients (56.5%). They revealed the diagnosis of PIDs in 71 patients (24.5 %). The mean age at presentation was 21 months. Overall the most prominent cutaneous alterations were infectious. They accounted for 106 cases (36.55%). The most prevalent causes of cutaneous infections were bacterial: 93 cases (32.06%). Immuno-allergic skin diseases were among the common findings in our study. These include eczematous dermatitis found in 62 cases (21.38%). Malignancy related PIDs was seen in a boy with Wiskott Aldrich syndrome. He developed Kaposi’s sarcoma at the age of 14 months. Cutaneous changes are common among children with PIDs. In pediatric patients with failure to thrive, chronic refractory systemic manifestations often present in other family members, recurrent cutaneous infections unresponsive to adequate therapy, atypical forms of eczematous dermatitis or unusual features should arouse the suspicion of PIDs and prompt specialized immunologic consultation should be made.
PREPARO DE PADRÃO SECUNDÁRIO PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CLORIDRATO DE TRAMADOL
Authors: KLOTH Paula Caroline , HENKE Aline Tavares , GABRIEL Maria Madalena , WAGNER Ricardo 
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: O medicamento cloridrato de tramadol, apresenta diversos problemas sociais devido a sua possível toxicidade e potencial de abuso quando utilizado por períodos longos. Desta maneira, para a detecção dessa substância em líquidos biológicos os laboratórios necessitam utilizar padrões de identificação. Muitas vezes esses padrões apresentam um custo elevado e são de difícil obtenção. Em vista a essas dificuldades, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um padrão secundário a partir de um medicamento doado ao laboratório de Toxicologia da UFPR. Para o desenvolvimento, a substância cloridrato de tramadol foi extraída a partir de 8 comprimidos de Tramal Retard® de 100 mg (Pfizer). Como resultado da extração, obteve-se um rendimento de 89,37%. A substância extraída apresentou um pico de absorção característico no espectro de absorção ultravioleta em 275nm. A análise por CLAE-FLD mostrou apenas um pico único nas condições analíticas utilizadas. O teor determinado por titulação com ácido perclórico foi de 94,39%. O padrão secundário obtido foi aplicado em uma análise qualitativa por cromatografia em camada delgada frente a uma urina sabidamente positiva para uso de tramadol e apresentou Rf de 0,77, comparável ao tramadol encontrado na urina. Por fim, conclui-se que o padrão desenvolvido está apto para ser utilizado na rotina para métodos de triagem na identificação do cloridrato de tramadol em aulas práticas de Toxicologia.
The Effect of Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Scores in Orthopaedic Patients
Authors: Shulman Brandon , Hutzler Lorraine , Karia Raj , Bosco Joseph 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The study assesses whether Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores were influenced by hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition.

Methods:
HCAHPS scores from 5,682 orthopaedic patients were collected over a 4-year period. Statistical analyses were run to identify associations between Top-Box scores for each HCAHPS domain and LOS or discharge disposition (home versus rehabilitation facility).

Results:
Decreased LOS was associated with increased HCAHPS Top-Box scores for every Top-Box domain except for Discharge composite (P ≤ 0.001 to 0.011). Discharge to home was associated with increased HCAHPS scores for four Top-Box domains (P ≤ 0.001 to 0.009).

Discussion:
Shorter LOS and discharge to home after orthopaedic surgery are associated with better HCAHPS scores. Earlier discharge leads to an improved patient-reported experience and can increase reimbursements. Expedient, appropriate discharge of hospitalized orthopaedic patients should be a treatment goal after orthopaedic surgery.
Modernisering van de beklagregeling ex artikel 12 Sv: ‘Full dress’ voor het slachtoffer?
Authors: Kool R.S.B. 
Published: October 2018

Modernisering van de beklagregeling ex artikel 12 Sv: ‘Full dress’ voor het slachtoffer?
Met de invoering van de Wet Versterking Slachtoffers (VPS, 2010) hebben slachtoffers rechten gekregen waarmee zij inbreng kunnen hebben in het vooronderzoek. Daarnaast hebben zij de mogelijkheid om bij het uitblijven van vervolging of opsporing een klaagschrift in te dienen bij het hof in het kader van de artikel 12 Sv-procedure. Het voornemen van de minister is deze regeling te verruimen, onder andere om de staande jurisprudentie te codificeren. Hoewel de verruiming inhoudelijk bijval verdient, is nog onvoldoende sprake van een systematisch op elkaar betrekken van de klachtprocedure en de procespositie van het slachtoffer als belanghebbende bij het vooronderzoek. Handvatten daartoe kunnen worden ontleend aan het project Strafvordering 2001.
Heterologous expression of a Glyoxalase I gene from sugarcane confers tolerance to several environmental stresses in bacteria
Authors: Wu Qibin , Gao Shiwu , Pan Yong-Bao , Su Yachun , Grisham Michael P. , Guo Jinlong , Xu Liping , Que Youxiong 
Published: October 2018

Glyoxalase I belongs to the glyoxalase system that detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product produced mainly from triose phosphates. The concentration of MG increases rapidly under stress conditions. In this study, a novel glyoxalase I gene, designated asSoGloIwas identified from sugarcane.SoGloIhad a size of 1,091 bp with one open reading frame (ORF) of 885 bp encoding a protein of 294 amino acids. SoGloI was predicted as a Ni2+-dependent GLOI protein with two typical glyoxalase domains at positions 28–149 and 159–283, respectively.SoGloIwas cloned into an expression plasmid vector, and the Trx-His-S-tag SoGloI protein produced inEscherichia coliwas about 51 kDa. The recombinantE. colicells expressingSoGloIcompared to the control grew faster and tolerated higher concentrations of NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, or ZnSO4.SoGloIubiquitously expressed in various sugarcane tissues. The expression was up-regulated under the treatments of NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, ZnSO4and abscisic acid (ABA), or under simulated biotic stress conditions upon exposure to salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). SoGloI activity steadily increased when sugarcane was subjected to NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, or ZnSO4treatments. Sub-cellular observations indicated that the SoGloI protein was located in both cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest that theSoGloIgene may play an important role in sugarcane’s response to various biotic and abiotic stresses.