bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in half-metallic ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2 with magnetic Weyl fermions
Authors: Wang Qi , Xu Yuanfeng , Lou Rui , Liu Zhonghao , Li Man , Huang Yaobo , Shen Dawei , Weng Hongming , Wang Shancai , Lei Hechang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe origin of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in magnetic materials is one of the most intriguing aspects in condensed matter physics and has been a controversial topic for a long time. Recent studies indicate that the intrinsic AHE is closely related to the Berry curvature of occupied electronic states. In a magnetic Weyl semimetal with broken time-reversal symmetry, there are significant contributions to Berry curvature around Weyl nodes, possibly leading to a large intrinsic AHE. Here, we report the quite large AHE in the half-metallic ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2 single crystal. By systematically mapping out the electronic structure of Co3Sn2S2 both theoretically and experimentally, we demonstrate that the intrinsic AHE from the Weyl fermions near the Fermi energy is dominating. The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity depends linearly on the magnetization and can be reproduced by theoretical simulation, in which the Weyl nodes monotonically move with the constrained magnetic moment on Co atom.
Size-dependent loss of aboveground animals differentially affects grassland ecosystem coupling and functions
Authors: Risch A. C. , Ochoa-Hueso R. , van der Putten W. H. , Bump J. K. , Busse M. D. , Frey B. , Gwiazdowicz D. J. , Page-Dumroese D. S. , Vandegehuchte M. L. , Zimmermann S. , Schütz M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that community-level responses to human-induced biodiversity loss start with a decrease of interactions among communities and between them and their abiotic environment. The structural and functional consequences of such interaction losses are poorly understood and have rarely been tested in real-world systems. Here, we analysed how 5 years of progressive, size-selective exclusion of large, medium, and small vertebrates and invertebrates—a realistic scenario of human-induced defaunation—impacts the strength of relationships between above- and belowground communities and their abiotic environment (hereafter ecosystem coupling) and how this relates to ecosystem functionality in grasslands. Exclusion of all vertebrates results in the greatest level of ecosystem coupling, while the additional loss of invertebrates leads to poorly coupled ecosystems. Consumer-driven changes in ecosystem functionality are positively related to changes in ecosystem coupling. Our results highlight the importance of invertebrate communities for maintaining ecological coupling and functioning in an increasingly defaunated world.
Three-dimensional motion analysis for comprehensive understanding of gait characteristics after sciatic nerve lesion in rodents
Authors: Tajino Junichi , Ito Akira , Tanima Momoko , Yamaguchi Shoki , Iijima Hirotaka , Nakahata Akihiro , Kiyan Wataru , Aoyama Tomoki , Kuroki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRodent models of sciatic nerve lesion are regularly used to assess functional deficits in nerves. Impaired locomotor functions induced by sciatic nerve lesion are currently evaluated with scoring systems despite their limitations. To overcome these shortcomings, which includes low sensitivity, little significance, and the representation of only marginal components of motion profiles, some additional metrics have been introduced. However, a quantitative determination of motion deficits is yet to be established. We used a three-dimensional motion analysis to investigate gait deficits after sciatic nerve lesion in rats. This enabled us to depict the distorted gait motion using both traditional parameters and novel readouts that are specific for the three-dimensional analysis. Our results suggest that three-dimensional motion analysis facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the gait impairment specifically, but not limited to, a sciatic lesion rat model. A broad application of these methods will improve understanding and standardized motor assessment.
Nystatin-like Pseudonocardia polyene B1, a novel disaccharide-containing antifungal heptaene antibiotic
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Han Chi-Young , Park Ji-Seon , Oh Sang-Hun , Kang Seung-Hoon , Choi Si-Sun , Kim Jung-Min , Kwak Jin-Hwan , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B belong to a large family of very valuable antifungal polyketide compounds typically produced by soil actinomycetes. Recently, nystatin-like Pseudonocardia polyene (NPP) A1 has been identified as a unique disaccharide-containing tetraene antifungal macrolide produced by Pseudonocardia autotrophica. Despite its significantly increased water solubility and decreased hemolytic activity, its antifungal activity remains limited compared with that of nystatin A1. In this study, we developed NPP B1, a novel NPP A1 derivative harboring a heptaene core structure, by introducing two amino acid substitutions in the putative NADPH-binding motif of the enoyl reductase domain in module 5 of the NPP A1 polyketide synthase NppC. The low level NPP B1 production yield was successfully improved by eliminating the native plasmid encoding a polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster present in P. autotrophica. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity and toxicity studies indicated that NPP B1 exhibited comparable antifungal activity against Candida albicans and was less toxic than the most potent heptaene antifungal, amphotericin B. Moreover, NPP B1 showed improved pharmacokinetic parameters compared to those of amphotericin B, suggesting that NPP B1 could be a promising candidate for development into a pharmacokinetically improved and less-toxic polyene antifungal antibiotic.
HEVC transforms with reduced elements bit depth
Authors: Harize S. , Mefoued A. , Kouadria N. , Doghmane N. 
Published: September 2018

High‐efficiency video coding (HEVC) is based on integer discrete cosine transforms (DCTs) of size 4 × 4, 8 × 8, 16 × 16 and 32 × 32 whose elements are coded on 8 bits. However, the algorithm requires that the output length at each processing stage should never exceed 16 bits. The conventional solution is the truncation of the least significant bits which leads to erroneous results and a waste of resources. In this Letter, different DCT kernels with reduced elements length are proposed. They are evaluated for compression efficiency and hardware implementation competence. An implementation on the Xilinx FPGA virtex‐6 circuit has given a maximal operating frequency increase of 4.81 and 93.41% for the DCT‐II 4 × 4 and the discrete sine transform, while reducing the energy consumption by 10.64 and 30.77% at 100 MHz, respectively. Using the HM 16.3 HEVC model and video sequences of different resolutions, the results show a quality degradation of 0.01 dB for a bit rate increase of 0.19% compared to the reference cores.
Self‐capacitance grading approach to suppress winding resonance in EHV transformers under oscillatory terminal disturbances
Authors: De Shampa , De Abhinandan , Bandyopadhyay Gautam 
Published: September 2018

Interleaving of the high‐voltage winding turns is a widely‐accepted method for restraining the surge voltage stresses in extra high voltage (EHV) transformers. Reduction of voltage stresses under external surge is attributed by the increase in the self‐capacitance of the interleaved winding disks. However, the apparent benefit of interleaving may be counterpoised by a significant decrease of natural frequency of windings, which in turn, may force a winding to resonate under external surges. Winding resonance is particularly noticeable when uniform interleaving is adopted for the whole winding, uniform interleaving attributes a unique natural frequency to all interleaved coils and consequently, the collective resonance of the winding disks is plausible. Uniform interleaving in large EHV transformers therefore leads to complications and the windings reportedly exhibit an unexpectedly poor surge voltage response because of such internal resonances. This study describes a novel concept termed as ‘graded interleaving’ for EHV transformer windings to overcome resonance and to achieve an improved response against surge voltage. The performance of the proposed winding was tested on a 132/33 kV two‐winding transformer with a tap changer using EMTP(ATP) simulations with encouraging results. Manufacturing and real‐time implementation feasibility of the winding were verified with transformer manufacturers.
The radio jets of SS 433 at millimetre wavelengths
Authors: Martí Josep , Bujalance-Fernández Irene , Luque-Escamilla Pedro L. , Sánchez-Ayaso Estrella , Paredes Josep M. , Ribó Marc 
Published: September 2018

Context.SS 433 is historically a well-known microquasar in the Galaxy that has been deeply studied during the four decades elapsed since its discovery. However, observations at very high radio frequencies with good angular resolution are still very scarce in the literature. The present paper tries to partially fill this gap using archival data of the source obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA).Aims.We aim to study the SS 433 jet properties at radio frequencies corresponding to millimetre wavelengths where the synchrotron emitting particles are expected to lose their energy much faster than at lower frequencies of centimetre wavelengths.Methods.We applied the methods of connected radio interferometry adapted to the ALMA spectral domain for data calibration and reduction. Afterwards, the resulting map was corrected for relativistic and geometric effects. While a detailed theoretical modelling was beyond our scope, we assessed the broad evolutive properties of the jet brightness profile in the context of a semi-analytic model.Results.A resolved view of the SS 433 radio core and jets is presented. In addition to spectral index and magnetic field measurements, we are able to estimate the age of the oldest visible ejecta still radiating significantly at millimetre wavelengths. By combining our findings with those of previous authors at lower frequencies, we confirm that the energy loss of the radiating electrons is dominated by adiabatic expansion instead of synchrotron radiative losses. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for the previously proposed period of slowed expansion within the first months of the ejecta flow, needed to simultaneously match the radiative lifetime observed in the centimetre domain. Our results argue for the need for future coordinated millimetre and centimetre interferometric observations with good time sampling throughout the SS 433 precessional cycle to better understand energetic processes in stellar relativistic jets.
Palliative chirurgische Therapieoptionen beim kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Haidl Friederike , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungLHRH-Analoga oder Antagonisten stellen das Mittel der Wahl beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom dar. Trotz anfänglich meist guten Ansprechens hat diese Therapie nur einen palliativen Charakter und führt unweigerlich nach durchschnittlich 1,5 bis 2,5 Jahren zur Entwicklung eines kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinoms (KRPCA). In diesem Fall stehen neben der klassischen Taxan-basierten Chemotherapie, die sekundäre Hormonablation mit Enzalutamid und Abirateron, Sipuleucel T sowie Radium 223 als neuere Therapieverfahren zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der dadurch – je nach Therapieansprechen – verlängerten Überlebenszeit gewinnen behandlungswürdige Komplikationen durch das lokal progrediente KRPCA, Lokalrezidive oder pelvine Lymphknotenmetasen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Treten Komplikationen des unteren Harntrakts wie rezidivierende transfusionspflichtige Makrohämaturien mit oder ohne Blasentamponade, eine subvesikale Obstruktion mit der Notwendigkeit einer Harnableitung oder rektourethrale/rektovesikale Fisteln auf, stehen als palliative chirurgische Therapieoptionen die palliative TUR-P, die radikale (Zysto-) Prostatektomie mit entsprechender Harnableitung sowie die posteriore Exenteration bei rektaler Infiltration zur Verfügung. Bei Harnstauungsnieren aufgrund einer supravesikalen Obstruktion stehen je nach Erlebenserwartung und Allgemeinzustand des Patienten die Anlage einer endoluminalen Ureterschiene oder perkutanen Nephrostomie sowie chirurgisch rekonstruktive Maßnahmen wie die Ureterneoimplantation, Ureter-Ileum-Interponat oder Implantation eines Detour®-Systems als Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung.Letztlich stellt die palliative Tumorchirurgie ein individuelles Therapiekonzept dar, welches bei sorgfältiger Patientenselektion und adäquater chirurgischer Expertise zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und lokalen Tumorkontrolle führen kann.
Patrón sensibilidad/resistencia en los urocultivos de pacientes con I.T.U. que consultan a urgencias de adultos, Hospital de San José entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2014
Authors: Ibañez Diego Armando Riatiga , Rojas Adriana Jiménez , Sánchez Luis Eduardo Salgado , Fernández Fernando Enrique Gaona , Madarriaga Yesica Yasmín Quiroz 
Published: September 2018

Introducción: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es un motivo de consulta frecuente en urgencias, siendo necesario el tratamiento antibiótico empírico antes de obtener un urocultivo.
Objetivo Determinar el patrón de sensibilidad/resistencia de los gérmenes aislados en los urocultivos de pacientes que ingresan por urgencias de adultos con sintomatología sugestiva de ITU.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, recolectando los datos de los urocultivos de pacientes con diagnóstico de ITU que asistieron por urgencias adultos, y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión en el año 2014.
Resultados Se analizaron 133 pacientes (133 urocultivos), 50,4% mujeres, edad promedio de 64,1 años (DE 19,1). Se encontró una frecuencia mayor de ITU alta (54,9%), e ITU no complicada (54,1%), la mayoría de origen en la comunidad (95,5%). El germen más frecuentemente aislado fue E. coli (56,4%), seguido por Klebsiella oxytoca (7,1%). La resistencia de E. coli fue del 55,7% para ampicilina sulbactam, 58,2% para nitrofurantoina, 40% para quinolonas y 32% para cefazolina. En pacientes con factores de riesgo urológico se encontró una resistencia entre el 40% al 50%. Se evidenció patrón BLEA (12,9%), AMPc (20%) y KPC (1,4%).
Conclusión Los uropatógenos han aumentado de forma significativa su resistencia a las diferentes familias de antibióticos, entre ellas las cefalosporinas y las quinolonas, confirmando que medicamentos como ampicilina sulbactam, nitrofurantoina, y ciprofloxacina no están indicados en el manejo empírico de ITU en nuestra institución, especialmente al presentar factores de riesgo urológicos.
The Effects of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring on Sleep Quality in Men and Women With Hypertension: Dipper vs. Nondipper and Race Differences
Authors: Sherwood Andrew , Hill LaBarron K , Blumenthal James A , Hinderliter Alan L 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The nondipping circadian blood pressure (BP) profile is associated with both poor sleep quality and increased cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to clarify the potential confounding effects of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) used to characterize the circadian BP profile by assessing its impact on sleep quality.

METHODS
Participants were 121 middle-aged men and women with untreated hypertension (age = 46 ± 8 years; 43% women; 45% African-American). Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Wrist actigraphy was used to measure sleep quality objectively as sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) on 7 consecutive non-ABPM days (baseline) and 3 subsequent 24-hour ABPM days.

RESULTS
Average ambulatory BP was 137.2 ± 10.8/84.3 ± 8.5 mm Hg during the day and 119.6 ± 12.4/69.5 ± 9.8 mm Hg at night. Using the criterion of &lt;10% dip in systolic BP (SBP) to define nondippers, there were 40 nondippers (SBP dip = 7.3 ± 2.6%) and 81 dippers (SBP dip = 15.5 ± 3.4%). There was no effect of time on SE or TST over non-ABPM and ABPM days, suggesting that ABPM does not adversely affect sleep quality. Sleep quality was generally poorer (lower SE) in nondippers compared with dippers (P = 0.033), but differences were independent of whether or not participants were undergoing 24-hour ABPM. African-American race (P = 0.002) was also associated with lower SE.

CONCLUSION
Sleep quality generally appears to be poor in men and women with untreated hypertension and especially among African-Americans. Importantly, for both dippers and nondippers, we found no evidence that ABPM had an adverse effect on sleep quality.
Homology and Specificity of Natural Sound-Encoding in Human and Monkey Auditory Cortex
Authors: Erb Julia , Armendariz Marcelo , De Martino Federico , Goebel Rainer , Vanduffel Wim , Formisano Elia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Understanding homologies and differences in auditory cortical processing in human and nonhuman primates is an essential step in elucidating the neurobiology of speech and language. Using fMRI responses to natural sounds, we investigated the representation of multiple acoustic features in auditory cortex of awake macaques and humans. Comparative analyses revealed homologous large-scale topographies not only for frequency but also for temporal and spectral modulations. In both species, posterior regions preferably encoded relatively fast temporal and coarse spectral information, whereas anterior regions encoded slow temporal and fine spectral modulations. Conversely, we observed a striking interspecies difference in cortical sensitivity to temporal modulations: While decoding from macaque auditory cortex was most accurate at fast rates (> 30 Hz), humans had highest sensitivity to ~3 Hz, a relevant rate for speech analysis. These findings suggest that characteristic tuning of human auditory cortex to slow temporal modulations is unique and may have emerged as a critical step in the evolution of speech and language.
Measuring fisheries performance using the “Goldilocks plot”
Authors: Hilborn Ray 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Most reporting of stock status accumulated at a national or regional level gives statistics on what proportion of the stocks are below some abundance threshold or above some fishing mortality rate threshold. This approach does not convey useful information on the performance of the fisheries management system in maximizing long-term sustainable yield, which is the primary objective of most national and international fisheries legislation. In this paper, I present a graphical approach for representing how much yield is being lost as a consequence of current suboptimal abundance and fishing pressure. Using the EU stocks assessed by ICES as an example, I show how traditional criteria for overfished and overfishing fail to display realistic information about the performance of the fishery. This approach provides much more useful information for the public and policy makers.
Accuracy and Safety of Lateral Vertebral Notch-Referred Technique Used in Subaxial Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement
Authors: Pan Zhimin , Zhong Junlong , Xie Shiming , Yu Limin , Wu Chunyang , Ha Yoon , Kim Keung Nyun , Zhang Youshan , Cao Kai 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Biomechanical studies revealed that pedicle screw instrumentation has a superior stabilizing effect compared with other internal fixations in reconstructing the subaxial cervical spine. However, severe neurovascular risks preclude surgeons from routinely conducting pedicle screw manipulation in cervical spine.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the accuracy and safety of the lateral vertebral notch (LVN)-referred technique used in subaxial cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement.

METHODS
One hundred thirty-five consecutive retrospective patients with cervical disorders underwent the LVN-referred technique for CPS placements in 3 spine centers. Postoperative pedicle perforations were confirmed by CT scans to assess the technical accuracy. Neurovascular complications derived from CPS misplacements were recorded to evaluate the technical safety.

RESULTS
A total of 718 CPSs were inserted into subaxial cervical spine. Postoperative CT scans revealed that the accuracy of CPS placement was superior. Neither vertebral artery injury nor spinal cord injury occurred. One radiculopathy was from a unilateral C6 nerve root compression. A screw-related neurovascular injury rate of 0.7% occurred in this cohort. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of CPS placement among 3 surgeons (H = 1.460, P = .482). The relative standard deviation values revealed that technical reproducibility was acceptable. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the patients’ pedicle transverse angles and inserted CPS transverse angles from C3 to C7 (all P > .05).

CONCLUSION
The LVN is a reliable and consistent anatomic landmark for CPS placement. The accuracy and safety of subaxial CPS placement by using LVN-referred technique are highly acceptable, which may endow this technique to be practicably performed in selected patients.
Employing a Root Cause Analysis Process to Improve Examination Quality
Authors: Santen Sally A. , Grob Karri L. , Monrad Seetha U. , Stalburg Caren M. , Smith Gary , Hemphill Robin R. , Bibler Zaidi Nikki L. 
Published: September 2018

Problem
Multiple-choice question (MCQ) examinations represent a primary mode of assessment used by medical schools. It can be challenging for faculty to produce content-aligned, comprehensive, and psychometrically sound MCQs. Despite best efforts, sometimes there are unexpected issues with examinations. Assessment best practices lack a systematic way to address gaps when actual and expected outcomes do not align.

Approach
The authors propose using root cause analysis (RCA) to systematically review unexpected educational outcomes. Using a real-life example of a class’s unexpectedly low reproduction examination scores (University of Michigan Medical School, 2015), the authors describe their RCA process, which included a system flow diagram, a fishbone diagram, and an application of the 5 Whys to understand the contributors and reasons for the lower-than-expected performance. Using this RCA approach, the authors identified multiple contributing factors that potentially led to the low examination scores. These included lack of examination quality improvement (QI) for poorly constructed items, content–question and pedagogy–assessment misalignment, and other issues related to environment and people.

Outcomes
As a result of the RCA, the authors worked with stakeholders to address these issues and develop strategies to prevent similar systematic issues from reoccurring. For example, a more robust examination QI process was developed.

Next Steps
Using an RCA approach in health care is grounded in practice and can be easily adapted for assessment. Because this is a novel use of RCA, there are opportunities to expand beyond the authors’ initial approach for using RCA in assessment.