bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pyloriand some aspects of gut microbiota in children
Authors: Kori Michal , Daugule Ilva , Urbonas Vaidotas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pyloriinfection in children differs from infection in adults in many aspects. The rate of infection, epidemiology, clinical presentations and complications, the applicability of diagnostic tests, antibiotic resistance, treatment options, and success rates differ significantly. Due to all these differences, management guidelines for children and adults differ also substantially. In 2017, the Updated ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN Guidelines on the management ofH. pyloriinfection in children were published, emphasizing the differences in clinical presentation and indications for treatment, stating that the primary goal of clinical investigation in children is to identify the cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms rather than the presence ofH. pyloriinfection. Therefore, the diagnosis should be based on upper endoscopy, and the “test and treat strategy” should not be used in children. Due to an increasing rate of antibiotic resistance worldwide, the updated guidelines recommend broader use of antimicrobial susceptibility testing forH. pyloristrains in order to tailor eradication treatment accordingly. Moreover, treatment in children should be prescribed only when indicated and should be based on the rate of eradication in local populations aiming for treatment success above 90%. During the last two decades there has been a steady decrease in the rate ofH. pyloriinfection in both children and adults in the Western world. Two recent publications studying the incidence ofH. pyloriinfection confirmed that early childhood is a time for acquisition of infection both in industrialized and nonindustrialized countries. In addition, they showed thatH. pyloricould be acquired outside the family. In respect to the inverse association betweenH. pyloriand allergy, a longitudinal study demonstrated that early exposure toH. pyloriat any age was inversely associated with atopy and allergic conditions.
Job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and the safety performance of nurses
Authors: Ko Yu Kyung , Jeong Seok Hee , Yu Soyoung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify the relationship between nurses' job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance by identifying the safety performance predictors of nurses working in acute health care settings in South Korea.MethodsUsing data from a structured questionnaire, this cross‐sectional descriptive study assessed the relationship between nurses' job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance. In 2016, of the 290 nurses from nine acute care hospitals in South Korea invited to participate in the survey, 254 successfully did. Using cross‐sectional data, characteristics of hospitals and nurses were analysed with t tests, one‐way analyses of variance, Pearson correlations, and regression models.ResultsOn a scale of one to five, the mean job autonomy was 3.37, mean perceptions of organizational policy was 3.09, and mean safety performance was 3.75. Statistically significant positive correlations were found among job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance. Multiple regression results found 44% of the variation in safety performance explained by job autonomy, length of employment, and perceptions of organizational policy.ConclusionJob autonomy and perceptions of organizational policy were positively related to safety performance. Hospital executives and nurse managers should work to enhance job autonomy and positive perceptions of organizational policy, to contribute to improving patient safety.
Association of gamma‐glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in middle‐aged Japanese men: 12‐year follow up
Authors: Kaneko Kayo , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Li Yuanying , Uemura Mayu , Chiang Chifa , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Ota Atsuhiko , Tamakoshi Koji , Aoyama Atsuko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo prospectively investigate whether simultaneous elevation of gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with the increase of type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence independent of alcohol drinking, body mass index and triglycerides.MethodsA total of 2,775 Japanese male workers who had no history of type 2 diabetes mellitus were followed. High GGT and ALT were defined as the top tertiles (GGT cutpoint: 49 IU/L, ALT cutpoint: 28 IU/L). Three groups were created using these dichotomized GGT and ALT cutpoints: both low, either high or both high. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were carried out adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsA total of 276 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases were identified during 12 years (27,040 person‐years) of follow up. Participants with simultaneously elevated GGT and ALT had a significantly higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, even after adjustment for fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose compared with the group without GGT or ALT elevation. Similar associations were observed in non‐ or light‐to‐moderate alcohol drinkers, as well as in participants with normal weight. However, the association was weaker in participants with triglycerides <150 mg/dL. We then evaluated whether the addition of GGT and ALT would improve the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence, and found that their inclusion significantly increased the C‐statistic, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement.ConclusionsSimultaneous elevation of GGT and ALT was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence, independent of potential confounding factors, including alcohol drinking and obesity, although the association might require concomitant elevation of triglycerides. Inclusion of GGT and ALT improved type 2 diabetes mellitus risk prediction.
Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the caregiver burden and level of depression among caregivers of older patients with a stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yilmaz Cemile Kütmeç , Aşiret Güler Duru , Çetinkaya Funda , OludaĞ Gülay , Kapucu Sevgisun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the caregiver burden and level of depression among the caregivers of older patients with a stroke.MethodsThis randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted between December, 2015 and July, 2017 with the caregivers of older patients with a stroke who had been admitted to the home care unit of a state hospital. The caregivers were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 21) groups, based on the study's inclusion criteria. The caregivers in the intervention group practiced progressive muscle relaxation exercises at home 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The control group had no intervention.ResultsThe mean age of the older patients with a stroke was 80.15 ± 9.86 years and the mean duration of the disease was 39.07 ± 44.69 months. The mean age of the caregivers was 50.29 ± 12.62 years, 84.1% of whom were female, 38.6% were elementary school graduates, and 86.4% were married. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and Beck Depression Scale scores of the caregivers in the intervention group after practicing progressive muscle relaxation, but this decrease was not statistically significant when the intervention and control groups were compared.ConclusionThis study showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the caregiver burden and level of depression among the caregivers in the intervention group after progressive muscle relaxation exercises, but that there was no statistically significant difference when the intervention and control groups were compared.
Action potential and calcium dependence of tonic somatodendritic dopamine release in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta
Authors: Yee Andrew G. , Forbes Blaze , Cheung Pang‐Ying , Martini Alessandro , Burrell Mark H. , Freestone Peter S. , Lipski Janusz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of somatodendritic dopamine (DA) release in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc), its mechanism remains poorly understood. Using a novel approach combining fast‐scan controlled‐adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV) and single‐unit electrophysiology, we have investigated the mechanism of somatodendritic release by directly correlating basal (non‐stimulated) extracellular DA concentration ([DA]out), with pharmacologically‐induced changes of firing of nigral dopaminergic neurons in rat brain slices. FSCAV measurements indicated that basal [DA]out in the SNc was 40.7 ± 2.0 nM (at 34 ± 0.5°C), which was enhanced by amphetamine, cocaine, and L‐DOPA, and reduced by VMAT2 inhibitor, Ro4‐1284. Complete inhibition of firing by TTX decreased basal [DA]out, but this reduction was smaller than the effect of D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole. Despite similar effects on neuronal firing, the larger decrease in [DA]out evoked by quinpirole was attributed to cell membrane hyperpolarization and greater reduction in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]in). Decreasing extracellular Ca2+ also reduced basal [DA]out, despite increasing firing frequency. Furthermore, inhibiting L‐type Ca2+ channels decreased basal [DA]out, although specific Cav1.3 channel inhibition did not affect firing rate. Inhibition of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) also decreased [DA]out, demonstrating the importance of intracellular Ca2+ stores for somatodendritic release. Finally, in vivo FSCAV measurements showed that basal [DA]out in the SNc was 79.8 ± 10.9 nM in urethane‐anesthetized rats, which was enhanced by amphetamine. Overall, our findings indicate that although tonic somatodendritic DA release is largely independent of action potentials, basal [DA]out is strongly regulated by voltage‐dependent Ca2+ influx and release of intracellular Ca2+.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Histology of dental long‐period biorhythms in Canis familiaris
Authors: Hogg Russell T. , Hu Bin , Bromage Timothy G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur objective is to assess variation in Havers–Halberg oscillation (HHO) periodicities among domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). The HHO is hypothesized to be a hypothalamic‐generated biorhythm coordinating multiple life history variables including body mass and lifespan. Dogs have a broad mass range spanning two orders of magnitude, but this variation has been shown to result from selection on very few genetic loci, and dogs have low variation in other life history traits. Therefore, we predict that HHO variation will not be correlated to body mass among domestic dogs, as it is in anthropoid primates. To test the prediction, we examined dog HHO periodicity via manifestations in tooth enamel and dentine, quantifying HHO rhythm histologically. HHO rhythm is reflected in teeth as the number of days between secretion of successive striae of Retzius (enamel) and Andresen lines (dentine), a value referred to as Retzius periodicity (RP). We counted ca. 24‐h growth lines between successive Retzius and Andresen lines to determine RP in histological thin‐sections from canine teeth of 19 dogs, representing different breeds and sizes. To test our hypothesis, we regressed RP periodicity against body mass data. Dogs have low RP variation for their body mass range, with a modal periodicity of 5 days and a range of 4–6 days. RP was not significantly correlated with body mass. We conclude that mass variation in dogs does not seem driven by HHO physiology, consistent with findings that IGF1 variants produce dog mass variation. However, low RP (and by extension HHO) variation is consistent with low variation in dog lifespan and gestation, suggesting that dog life history may still be governed by HHO mechanisms even if body mass does not reflect this.
Minimally invasive approaches to axillary osmidrosis treatment: A comparison between superficial liposuction with automatic shaver curettage, subcutaneous laser treatment, and microwave‐based therapy with a modified technique
Authors: Yang Hung‐Hsu , Miao Yong , Chen Yu‐Tsung , Hu Zhi‐Qi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundMinimally invasive techniques, including superficial liposuction with automatic shaver curettage (LC), subcutaneous laser treatment, and microwave‐based therapy have been developed to treat osmidrosis. Few studies have compared these three techniques in relation to clinical efficacy, life quality improvement, and downtime.AimsWe aim to evaluate clinical results and life quality improvement, in addition to downtime and complications, between these three techniques.Patients/MethodsClinical records of patients treated with these three minimally invasive techniques for axillary osmidrosis were retrospectively reviewed. Hyperhidrosis disease severity scale, Dermatology Life of Quality Index, clinical improvement, complication, and recurrence were assessed.ResultsAmong 403 patients, 168 received microwave‐based therapy, 119 received subcutaneous laser treatment, and 116 received LC. All treatments showed significant improvements (P < 0.001) in HDSS, DLQI and clinical result after 3 and 12 months comparing to the baseline. But the improvements of subcutaneous laser were significantly inferior to microwave‐base therapy and LC. Patients who received LC had a significantly longer downtime (P < 0.001) than those who received other treatments. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the subcutaneous laser treatment group, and the microwave‐based therapy group exhibited a longer recurrence duration (P < 0.001). LC group presented higher complication rate than other treatments.ConclusionComparing to other treatments, microwave‐based therapy was effective in treating osmidrosis with minimal downtime, recurrence, and complications. It could be a durable and effective therapeutic modality for osmidrosis and is less operator‐dependent. It may be considered as a first‐line treatment for axillary osmidrosis.
A survey on usage of personal care products especially cosmetics among university students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Husain Kakul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe harmful health effects of personal care products especially cosmetics have engulfed many societies of the world especially the female section without an alarm.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of cosmetic usage and to assess the experiences of Saudi female undergraduate students in Wadi Al Dawasir province in an attempt to arouse general awareness among Saudi students about the harmful effects of the chemicals present therein.MethodologyIt is a cross‐sectional study carried out with a total of randomly selected 106 college students (female) at undergraduate level. Two colleges for girls of Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University at Wadi Al Dawasir region were included. Standard questionnaire was set in Arabic and English both. T test and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi‐square/Fisher's exact tests and a P value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall prevalence of using cosmetics (makeup) and average age of first use of the cosmetics was found to be quite high. Statistical analysis shows that 69.8% students applied daily and 23.6% students applied twice to thrice daily. Consequently, this makes a gross percentage of 93.4% among college going Saudi students who applied makeup on daily basis. The findings have shown that 93.2% female and married medical students use cosmetics twice/thrice daily. Similarly, 6.8% female and married medical students use cosmetics once daily. The findings have shown that 82.9% female and unmarried medical students possess knowledge about cosmetics. Similarly, 17.1% female and married medical students possess knowledge about cosmetics.ConclusionThe usage of cosmetics was found to be extremely high among the college going Saudi students in Wadi Al Dawasir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Un‐awareness regarding the harmful effects of cosmetics was found to be high among these students.
A pilot study comparing the efficacy of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A for muscular calves contouring
Authors: Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Ungaksornpairote Chanida , Kaewkes Arisa , Sathaworawong Angkana , Vanadurongwan Bavornrat , Lektrakul Nittaya 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundEnlarged, hypertrophy calf muscles are common in Asian women and can cause psychological burden. Botulinum toxin A (BTA) has been widely used in treating masseteric muscle hypertrophy and it's efficacious as a noninvasive method for calf‐contouring has been reported. Food and Drug Administration has approved onabotulinumtoxin A (ONA, Botox; Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA, USA) for upper face rejuvenation and it has off‐label uses for calf‐contouring. A recently introduced Prabotulinumtoxin A (NABOTA®, PRA; Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea) demonstrated a comparable efficacy and safety to ONA for masseter reduction.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of PRA and ONA gastrocnemius muscle reduction.MethodsThis is an experimental, randomized, controlled double‐blind study. Twenty‐two patients were randomized to receive 100 units PRA and ONA on each calf and were asked to come for follow‐up visit for up to 6 months. Clinical photographic documentation, calf circumference measurement (upright position and tiptoe), isokinetic analysis, and ultrasonographic imaging were performed to evaluate the treatment result. In addition, patients’ satisfaction and side effect were also recorded.ResultsAll patients completed the study without serious side effect occurred during the whole study period. The mean calf circumference of the ONA‐ and PRA‐treated patients in upright position at baseline was 35.42 ± 1.35 cm and 36.49 ± 2.98 cm, respectively (P = 0.137). The mean calf circumference in upright position decreased significantly as early as 2 weeks after treatment, both in ONA group and in PRA group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively), and continued to decrease until 6 months after treatment (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in mean calf circumference when comparing between ONA and PRA group at any time of follow‐up period. For the tiptoe position, only in the PRA group that showed significant reduction as early as two weeks and lasted up to 6 months of follow‐up (P < 0.001). The isokinetic analysis showed no significant reduction on both maximum torque and average work value in two groups. The ultrasonographic imaging revealed that the mean thickness of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius showed significant only in PRA‐treated group at 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐months of follow‐up; meanwhile, the mean thickness of the medial head showed significant reduction at 2‐ and 6‐months, with a slight increase at 3‐months follow‐up in two groups. The patients’ satisfaction rate and doctor's evaluation also showed no statistically significant difference between both groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that PRA and ONA provided comparable efficacy and safety in gastrocnemius muscle reduction.
Outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with low versus high gradient severe aortic stenosis in the setting of preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Shah Binita , McDonald Daniel , Paone Darien , Redel‐Traub Gabriel , Jangda Umair , Guo Yu , Saric Muhamed , Donnino Robert , Staniloae Cezar , Robin Tonya , Benenstein Ricardo , Vainrib Alan , Williams Mathew R. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for low gradient (LG) severe aortic stenosis (AS) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains an area of clinical uncertainty.MethodsRetrospective review identified 422 patients who underwent TAVR between September 4, 2014 and July 1, 2016. Procedural indication other than severe AS (n = 22) or LVEF <50% (n = 98) were excluded. Outcomes were defined by valve academic research consortium two criteria when applicable and compared between LG (peak velocity <4.0 m/s and mean gradient <40 mmHg; n = 73) and high gradient (HG) (n = 229) groups. The LG group was further categorized as low stroke volume index (SVI) (n = 41) or normal SVI (n = 32). Median follow‐up was 747 days [interquartile range 220–1013].ResultsBaseline thirty‐day mortality risk (LG 6.2% [3.8–8.1] vs HG 5.7% [4.1–7.4], P = 0.43) did not differ between groups. Short‐term outcomes, including procedural success rate (86.1% vs 88.8%, P = 0.53), peri‐procedural complications (intra‐procedural heart block: 6.8% vs 7.9%, P = 0.99; permanent pacemaker placement: 11.0% vs 13.6%, P = 0.69; moderate paravalvular regurgitation: 2.7% vs 1.3%, P = 0.60), and all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (2.7% vs 0.9%, P = 0.25) did not differ between LG and HG groups. On long‐term follow‐up, all‐cause mortality also did not differ between LG and HG groups (6.8% vs 10.0%, plog‐rank = 0.33) or between the LG low SVI (9.8%), LG normal SVI (3.1%), and HG (10.0%) groups (plog‐rank = 0.39).ConclusionPatients with preserved LVEF undergoing TAVR for severe AS with LG, including LG with low SVI, have no significant difference in adverse outcomes when compared to patients with HG.
Genetic analysis of resistance to watermelon bud necrosis orthotospovirus in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai]
Authors: Nagesh Gandlahally Chennappa , Rao Eguru Sreenivasa , Pitchaimuthu Mottaiyan , Varalakshmi Budhavaram , Lakshmana Reddy Dhoranalapalli Chinnappareddy , Samuel Duleep Kumar , Rekha Ajithakumar , Krishna Reddy Manem 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to study the genetics and nature of gene action of resistance to watermelon bud necrosis orthotospovirus (WBNV) in watermelon. The experimental materials comprised of two resistant (BIL‐53 and IIHR‐19) and one susceptible (IIHR‐140) parents. Each of the resistant parents was crossed with the susceptible parent to develop six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) to study genetics. The results of segregation in F2 and backcross progenies suggested that resistance is governed by a major dominant gene along with other background minor genes in both the crosses. BIL‐53 was found to possess higher degree of resistance with simple inheritance and hence may be of interest to breeders. Simple selection can be effective for improving the trait in the cross BIL‐53 × IIHR‐140 as additive gene action is prevalent.
Does the Narrative Policy Framework Apply to Local Policy Issues?
Authors: O’Donovan Kristin Taylor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo what extent does the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) apply to local policy issues? The scholarship developing the NPF as a theoretical framework has focused on national, state, or regional policy problems with very little attention to local ones. This article contributes to the literature on policy narratives, finding that the use of narrative elements by coalitions is more nuanced in highly localized policy settings than the current theory suggests. In particular, the depiction of characters and assignment of blame differs more in local settings than the NPF would indicate. Hypotheses about key narrative elements of characters, causal mechanisms, narrative story type, and policy solutions are tested using data from a content analysis of 202 policy narratives about the residential water shutoffs in Detroit during 2014. Findings support the use of the NPF for local policy issues and the importance of depicting characters as beneficiaries rather than villains or victims.