bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic efficacy of serum 1,3-β-D-glucan for invasive fungal infection: An update meta-analysis based on 37 case or cohort studies
Authors: Xiaoling Lu , Tingyu Tang , Caibao Hu , Tian Zhao , Changqin Chen 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum 1,3-β-D-gluan as biomarker for invasive fungal infection through meta-analysis.

Methods
The electronic databases of Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, OVID and CNKI were systematic searched to identified the case-control or Cohort studies relevant to diagnostic efficacy of serum 1,3-β-D-glucan for invasive fungal infection. The data of true positive (tp), false positive (fp), false negative (fn) and true negative (tn) patients number were extracted from each of the original included studies. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and systematic receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated and pooled through random or fixed effect method. The publication bias was evaluated by the Deek’s funnel plot.

Results
Thirty-seven relevant studies were fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in our present meta-analysis. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likely hood ratio (+lr), negative likely hood ratio (-lr) and diagnostic odds ratio(dor) for 1,3-β-D-glucan in diagnosis of invasive fungal infectionwere 0.83 (95%CI:0.38-0.61), 0.81 (95%CI:0.80-0.82), 5.13 (95%CI:3.98-6.62), 0.23 (95%CI:0.18-0.30), and 29.68 (95%CI:18.94-46.52) respectively. The pooled area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.91.The Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test showed there was no publication bias for 1,3-β-D-glucan in diagnosis of invasive fungal infection of the included 37 studies.

Conclusion
Serum 1,3-β-D-glucan assay was a promising biomarker for invasive fungal infection diagnosis.
Chemical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sajjadi Baharak , Zubatiuk Tetiana , Leszczynska Danuta , Leszczynski Jerzy , Chen Wei Yin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Biochar (BC) generated from thermal and hydrothermal cracking of biomass is a carbon-rich product with the microporous structure. The graphene-like structure of BC contains different chemical functional groups (e.g. phenolic, carboxylic, carbonylic, etc.), making it a very attractive tool for wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, toxic gas adsorption, soil amendment, supercapacitors, catalytic applications, etc. However, the carbonaceous and mineral structure of BC has a potential to accept more favorable functional groups and discard undesirable groups through different chemical processes. The current review aims at providing a comprehensive overview on different chemical modification mechanisms and exploring their effects on BC physicochemical properties, functionalities, and applications. To reach these objectives, the processes of oxidation (using either acidic or alkaline oxidizing agents), amination, sulfonation, metal oxide impregnation, and magnetization are investigated and compared. The nature of precursor materials, modification preparatory/conditions, and post-modification processes as the key factors which influence the final product properties are considered in detail; however, the focus is dedicated to the most common methods and those with technological importance.
Einsatz von Gaußprozessen und Weighted Least-Squares-Verfahren für die Fusion von konfokaler Mikroskopie und Weißlichtinterferometrie / Gaussian processes and weighted least squares methods for fusion of confocal microscopy and white light interferometry
Authors: Dutschk Beate , Pordzik Matthäus , Heizmann Michael 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Für die steigenden Anforderungen der Zuverlässigkeit und Präzision von Messergebnissen für die Oberflächenqualität werden vermehrt mehrere Sensorsysteme bzw. Multisensor-Messsysteme eingesetzt. Durch Verwendung von Sensorsystemen unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften kann so mithilfe einer Fusion ein holistischeres Ergebnis erzielt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Möglichkeiten für die Fusion bei der Verwendung von konfokaler Mikroskopie und Weißlichtinterferometrie vorgestellt. Die Fusion wird einmal anhand von Gaußprozessen sowie mit einem Weighted Least-Squares-Verfahren durchgeführt. Die Gaußprozesse werden hierfür mit einem hierarchischen Ansatz und einer Bayes’schen Komitee- Maschine [20] umgesetzt. Das Weighted Least-Squares- Verfahren wird über implizite Oberflächen und mit einer gewichteten Kernel-Regression realisiert. Die verwendeten Sensoren sowie die Verfahren, die explizit für den Anwendungsfall adaptiert wurden, werden kurz vorgestellt. Auf die Ergebnisse anhand von Simulationen und realen Daten wird eingegangen. Verschiedene Metriken werden für die Bewertung der Resultate eingesetzt.
Notenseparation in polyphonen Musiksignalen durch einen Matching-Pursuit-Algorithmus / Note separation in polyphonic music signals with a matching pursuit algorithm
Authors: Schwabe Markus , Weber Marian , León Fernando Puente 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Aus einem polyphonen Musiksignal mit mehreren gleichzeitig klingenden Instrumenten werden die zu einzelnen Noten gehörenden Töne mithilfe eines harmonischen Matching-Pursuit-Algorithmus (HMPA) separiert. Hierfür wird im ersten Schritt des Verfahrens die für den Matching-Pursuit-Algorithmus notwendige Bibliothek auf Basis des vorliegenden Musiksignals aufgebaut. Im zweiten Schritt werden die in der Bibliothek hinterlegten Notenmodelle zur Approximation des Musiksignals verwendet. Anschließend lassen sich die einzelnen Noten aus der Approximation extrahieren und mit dem Vorwissen von Melodieverläufen zu separierten Melodien einzelner Instrumente zusammenfassen.
Experimental charge density study on FLPs and a FLP reaction product
Authors: Schürmann Christian Joseph , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Teuteberg Thorsten Lennart , Kratzert Daniel , Erker Gerhard , Mata Ricardo A. , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe charge density distribution of the intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2(1), the phosphinimine HNPMes2CH2CH2B(C6F5)2(2), as well as a FLP homologue with nitrogen NEt2CHPhCH2B(C6F5)2(3) were investigated with Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The charge densities were derived from both experimental high-resolution X-ray diffraction data (2,3) and theoretical calculations (1,3). The QTAIM analysis for the FLPs1and3showed the prominent B-pnictogen interaction to be weak dative bonds without significant charge-transfer. This holds also true for the B–N–bond of2. The nitrogen atom is negatively charged, due to a charge transfer from phosphorous and shows features of a sp2-hybridization. The bond is therefore best described as a non-hypervalent Pδ+–Nδ−moiety.
A proteomics analysis of adventitious root formation after leaf removal in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Cheng Libao , Liu Huiying , Jiang Runzhi , Li Shuyan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is an important process for lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), which does not have a well-formed main root. In lotus, the removal of leaves above the waterline significantly promoted AR formation, while the removal of leaves below the waterline inhibited AR formation. Proteins were identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization technique. The number of proteins decreased with increasing sequencing coverage, and most of the identified proteins had fewer than 10 peptides. In the A1/A0 and A2/A1 stages, 661 and 154 proteins showed increased abundance, respectively, and 498 and 111 proteins showed decreased abundance, respectively. In the B1/B0 and B2/B1 stages, 498 and 436 proteins showed increased abundance, respectively, and 358 and 348 proteins showed decreased abundance, respectively. Among the proteins showing large differences in abundance, 17 were identified as being related to AR formation. Proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway and the citrate cycle showed differences in abundance between the two types of leaf removal. The transcriptional levels of nine genes encoding relevant proteins were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of this study illustrate the changes in metabolism after different types of leaf removal during AR formation in lotus.
Hypothalamic CCL2/CCR2 Chemokine System: Role in Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Maternal Ethanol Exposure on Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and Behavior in Adolescent Offspring
Authors: Chang Guo-Qing , Karatayev Olga , Halkina Viktoriya , Edelstien Jonathan , Ramirez Estefania , Leibowitz Sarah F. 
Published: September 2018

Clinical and animal studies show that ethanol exposure and inflammation during pregnancy cause similar behavioral disturbances in the offspring. While ethanol is shown to stimulate both neuroimmune and neurochemical systems in adults, little is known about their anatomical relationship in response to ethanolin uteroand whether neuroimmune factors mediate ethanol's effects on neuronal development and behavior in offspring. Here we examined in female and male adolescent rats a specific population of neurons concentrated in lateral hypothalamus, which coexpress the inflammatory chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) or its receptor CCR2 with the orexigenic neuropeptide, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), that promotes ethanol drinking behavior. We demonstrate that maternal administration of ethanol (2 g/kg/d) from embryonic day 10 (E10) to E15, while having little impact on glia, stimulates expression of neuronal CCL2 and CCR2, increases density of both large CCL2 neurons colocalizing MCH and small CCL2 neurons surrounding MCH neurons, and stimulates ethanol drinking and anxiety in adolescent offspring. We show that these neuronal and behavioral changes are similarly produced by maternal administration of CCL2 (4 or 8 μg/kg/d, E10–E15) and blocked by maternal administration of a CCR2 antagonist INCB3344 (1 mg/kg/d, E10–E15), and these effects of ethanol and CCL2 are sexually dimorphic, consistently stronger in females. These results suggest that this neuronal CCL2/CCR2 system closely linked to MCH neurons has a role in mediating the effects of maternal ethanol exposure on adolescent offspring and contributes to the higher levels of adolescent risk factors for alcohol use disorders described in women.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEthanol consumption and inflammatory agents during pregnancy similarly increase alcohol intake and anxiety in adolescent offspring. To investigate how neurochemical and neuroimmune systems interact to mediate these disturbances, we examined a specific population of hypothalamic neurons coexpressing the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 with the neuropeptide, melanin-concentrating hormone. We demonstrate in adolescent offspring that maternal administration of CCL2, like ethanol, stimulates these neurons and increases ethanol drinking and anxiety, and these effects of ethanol are blocked by maternal CCR2 antagonist and consistently stronger in females. This suggests that neuronal chemokine signaling linked to neuropeptides mediates effects of maternal ethanol exposure on adolescent offspring and contributes to higher levels of adolescent risk factors for alcohol use disorders in women.
Stac Proteins Suppress Ca2+-Dependent Inactivation of Neuronal l-type Ca2+Channels
Authors: Polster Alexander , Dittmer Philip J. , Perni Stefano , Bichraoui Hicham , Sather William A. , Beam Kurt G. 
Published: September 2018

Stac protein (named for its SH3- and cysteine-rich domains) was first identified in brain 20 years ago and is currently known to have three isoforms. Stac2, Stac1, and Stac3 transcripts are found at high, modest, and very low levels, respectively, in the cerebellum and forebrain, but their neuronal functions have been little investigated. Here, we tested the effects of Stac proteins on neuronal, high-voltage-activated Ca2+channels. Overexpression of the three Stac isoforms eliminated Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) ofl-type current in rat neonatal hippocampal neurons (sex unknown), but not CDI of non-l-type current. Using heterologous expression in tsA201 cells (together with β and α2-δ1auxiliary subunits), we found that CDI for CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 (the predominant, neuronall-type Ca2+channels) was suppressed by all three Stac isoforms, whereas CDI for the P/Q channel, CaV2.1, was not. For CaV1.2, the inhibition of CDI by the Stac proteins appeared to involve their direct interaction with the channel's C terminus. Within the Stac proteins, a weakly conserved segment containing ∼100 residues and linking the structurally conserved PKC C1 and SH3_1 domains was sufficient to fully suppress CDI. The presence of CDI forl-type current in control neonatal neurons raised the possibility that endogenous Stac levels are low in these neurons and Western blotting indicated that the expression of Stac2 was substantially increased in adult forebrain and cerebellum compared with neonate. Together, our results indicate that one likely function of neuronal Stac proteins is to tune Ca2+entry via neuronall-type channels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStac protein, first identified 20 years ago in brain, has recently been found to be essential for proper trafficking and function of the skeletal musclel-type Ca2+ channel and is the site of mutations causing a severe, inherited human myopathy. In neurons, however, functions for Stac protein have remained unexplored. Here, we report that one likely function of neuronal Stac proteins is tuning Ca2+ entry vial-type, but not that via non-l-type, Ca2+ channels. Moreover, there is a large postnatal increase in protein levels of the major neuronal isoform (Stac2) in forebrain and cerebellum, which could provide developmental regulation ofl-type channel Ca2+ signaling in these brain regions.
O jednom tipu lučne fibule iz naših arheoloških zbirki
Authors: Lisičar Petar 
Published: September 2018

Takozvana lučna fibula "na šarnir" (njem. Bogenscharnierfi- bel), navodno » tipa Štrpci«, antički je specijalitet iz naših i dru­gih nalazišta, tipološki porijeklom iz Grčke ili iz Male Azije. Luk joj je ukrašen zrnastim, u presjeku zvjezdolikim ojačanjima. Jedan kraj luka (glava) ima oblik palmette, pravilnog ili deformiranog oblika. Tu se igla pridržava šarkom (njem. Scharnier). Drugi je kraj luka (noga) u vidu slova T s raznim dekorativnim dodacima. Tu je u savijutku ležaj za kraj igle. Fibula se javlja u raznim varijantama.
Dubrovačke teme u dvjema Fortisovim knjigama
Authors: Muljačić Žarko 
Published: September 2018

U prilogu »O akademiji Miha Sorkočevića«, koji je objavljen prije 18 godina, R. Maixner je držao da je ta dubrovačka akademija bila arkadijskog tipa1 pa je nasuprot takvu njezinu usmjerenju isticao stav talijanskog prosvjetitelja Alberta Fortisa (1741— 1803), intimnog prijatelja dubrovačkog erudita Miha Sorkočevića-Sorgo (1739—-1796). Fortis je »imao strože nazore o ulozi akademije, u kojoj je gledao u prvom redu znanstvenu ustanovu praktičnog zna- čaja«. Tom je prilikom Maixner upozorio na Fortisovu knjigu Mineralogische Reisen durch Calabrien und Apulien,23 koja je, prema tadašnjem običaju, bila napisana u epistolarnom obliku: autor apo- strofira svog mladog dubrovačkog prijatelja i istomišljenika Tomu Basiljevića (1756—1806), inače nećaka Miha Sorkočevića (Tomina majka Kata bila je Mihina sestra) i kasnijeg člana njegove efemerne akademije koji je, spomenimo usputno, bio najvažniji član dubro- vačke prosvjetiteljske elite po svom definitivnom povratku u do- movinu nakon preko deset godina provedenih na Zapadu (Italija, Švicarska, Njemačka, Austrija), što iz studijskih a što iz obiteljskih razloga.“ Ta je knjiga izašla 1788. god., u Weimaru.
Stvaran pozadina Draškove scene u >>Gorskom vijencu<<
Authors: Milović Jevto 
Published: September 2018

Važno bi bilo saznati da li je Njegoš bio u Mlecima prije nego što je napisao Gorski vijenac. Svakako da jest.1 Sa svoga povratka iz Beča u svoju domovinu on stiže u Trst 18. marta2 31844. Iz Trsta polazi u Mletke 26. marta i u njima se zadržava do 30. marta 1844. Srpske narodne novine bilježe njegovu posjetu Mlecima. Njihov dopisnik javlja da je Njegoš boravio u Mlecima četiri dana i da je tamo otputovao »najviše da vidi onaj redki grad i šta je u njemu važno i znamenito. Zao mu je bilo, što mu vreme dopuštalo nije, da bolje pregleda ono što je sad tek kao mimogred pregledati mogao ...«’ I generalni direktor mletačke policije baron von Cattanei zna isto za ovo Njegoševo putovanje u Mletke. On podnosi dva vrlo dragocjena izvještaja о Njegoševu bavljenju u Mlecima od 26. do 30. marta 1844. grofu Palffyju, koje ovaj dostavlja grofu Josephu von Sedlnitzkom u Beč. Mi smo te Cattaneijeve dopise našli u bečkom Opštem upravnom arhivu (Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv). Prvi Cattaneijev izvještaj potiče od 27. marta 1844.
Dva jezika (ruski književni jezik poslije oktobra)
Authors: Preobraženski Nikolaj 
Published: September 2018

Godine revolucije i građanskoga rata nametnule su sovjetskoj književnosti težak zadatak: slikanje suvremenoga života s burnim razvijanjem događaja i ličnosti. Najglavniji i najteži pokazao se problem jezika. Nekad, u XVIII stoljeću, klasicisti uopće nisu išli za tim da bi njihove svečane ode bile svakome pristupačne.1 Književni se jezik dijelio od vremena Lomonosova na tri stila: svakome su od njih odgovarali posebni književni oblici i specifična jezična sredstva.2 U narednom XIX stoljeću demokratizacija jezika, koja je sve više dominirala, morala je nivelirati prijašnje stilističke opreke. Visoki je stil prestao biti jezikom bogova. Crkvenoslavenski oblici ušli su u sastav općenarodnoga književnog jezika i dobili nov estetski zadatak u zavisnosti od forme i sadržaja svojstvenih dotičnom djelu. Kritičari, odgojeni u klasicističkom duhu, bili su ogorčeni kad se pojavio Evgenije Onjegin upravo zbog brkanja prijašnjih kategorija, »nemarnosti u upotrebi riječi književnoga i govornoga jezika bez ikakva osvrtanja na njihovo značenje«.3 Iako suvremenici nisu shvatili značenje Puškinova realizma, razumjeli su ga kasnije Bjelinski i Gogolj. Narodno je stvaralaštvo postalo osnov Gogoljeve stilistike s reproduciranjem živoga seljačkog i gradskog govora. Sovjetska su istraživanja Puškinova jezika prvi put objasnila dijalektičko jedinstvo sadržaja i forme.4 Tradiciju Puškinova realizma nastavili su prvi društvenopsihološki romani (Hercen, Tko je kriv?, 1845, Ljermontov, Junak našega doba, 1840), zatim Turgenjev, Njekrasov, Gončarov, Saltikov-Ščedrin? Sevastopoljske pripovijesti Lava Tolstoja iz god. 1856, postadoše obrazac za ratne romane naših suvremenika (M. Solohov, Oni su se borili za domovinu, 1947, V. Njekrasov, U rovovima Staljingrada, 1946). Brzo zbližavanje s narodnim govorom nastavilo se zaslugom »bitovika« (radikalni realisti 60-tih godina) i kasnijih narodnjaka.“ Uoči Oktobarske revolucije nastupaju posljednji predstavnici kritičkoga realizma i osnivači nove proze: Čehov, Bunjin, Kuprin.5 67
The effect of lead (Pb) exposure and iron (Fe) deficiency on intestinal lactobacilli, E. coli and yeast: A study in experimental rats
Authors: Reddy Yathapu Srinivasa , Srivalliputturu Sarath Babu , Bharatraj Dinesh Kumar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
The current study investigated the additive effect of oral lead (Pb) exposure and dietary iron (Fe) deficiency on intestinal lactobacilli, E. coli, and yeast in SD rats.

Methods
Weanling rats were fed on control diet (CD) or iron deficient diet (ID) for 4 weeks, followed by oral Pb exposure for another 4 weeks. Lead exposure was withdrawn for 2 weeks, and then resumed after 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, blood Pb and δ- Aminolevulenic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity. Fecal samples were collected to enumerate the lactobacilli, E. coli and yeast population on selective agar media and determine Pb levels.

Results
Hb and serum Fe levels decreased significantly in iron deficient rats. Pb exposed rats had a significant increase in blood Pb levels and decreased ALAD activity. The lactobacilli population was significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05) in ID rats compared to the CD group. Further, a significant decrease in the lactobacilli population was observed in Pb exposed rats irrespective of the dietary regimen. Upon withdrawal of Pb exposure, lactobacilli increased significantly in both the CD+Pb and ID+Pb groups, whereas re-exposure to Pb decreased lactobacilli population. The E. coli and yeast populations were inconsistent among both the ID and Pb exposed rats compared to controls. Fecal Pb levels increased significantly in Pb exposed rats irrespective of diet.

Conclusion
An additive effect of dietary Fe deficiency and oral Pb exposure resulted in greater reductions in the intestinal lactobacilli population compared to either treatment alone. In addition, transient withdrawal of Pb exposure led to improved lactobacilli population irrespective of Fe status.
Influencia de fuentes y concentraciones de saborizantes sobre el consumo de forraje en caprinos
Authors: Vargas-Rodríguez Claudio Fabián , Carvajal-Villalta José Andrés 
Published: September 2018

The behavior of caprine to taste stimuli affects the consumption of dry matter (MS), and the inclusion of sensorial stimulators can increase productivity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate different sources and concentrations of flavoring on forage intake in goats. The research was developed at the Dairy Cattle Experimental Station “Alfredo Volio Mata” of the University of Costa Rica, in Ochomogo, Cartago, Costa Rica during October 2015. A coffee-shop test was used in a block crossover model. Pennisetum purpureum cv King grass mixed with four flavors (acid, bitter, sweet and salty) in five different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) was supplied to a group of goats. Goats showed the greater preference for forage mixed with a bitter flavor, and less preference for sweet and salty flavors. The forage intake on a dry basis showed by the animals when the acid flavor was applied, was 0.977 kg/d, when the sweet and salty flavorings were used the intake was 0.855 and 0.822 kg/d, respectively. These differences were significant. The goats consumed 68.28% of the amount of offered forage when the bitter flavor was used, but only consumed 56.43% of what was offered when the forage was acidified. When comparing the inclusion of any flavor with respect to an unflavored control treatment, no significant differences were observed in the consumption of dry matter or the degree of acceptance. No effect on dry matter consumption or acceptance percentage was observed when different concentrations of flavorings were used. The interaction between flavor and flavor concentration did not generate significant differences in any of the evaluated parameters.