bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrative review of the theory of unpleasant symptoms
Authors: Blakeman John R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore how the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) has been used in the methodological design and analysis of symptom research.DesignAn integrative review, using Whittemore and Knafl's approach.Data SourcesSearches were conducted between 26 January–10 February 2018. Databases included CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Proquest Nursing and Allied Health Source, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Complete and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA systematic approach to searching, screening and analysing the literature was applied. The matrix method, content analysis, constant comparison, counting and clustering were used.ResultsSixty‐four records were included. Most studies were quantitative, cross‐sectional, instrument‐based and conducted in the USA. Various symptoms and patient populations were represented and each of the TOUS concepts were explored.ConclusionAlthough the theory has a role to play in furthering symptom science, attention should be paid to the areas of the model and of symptom research that have received less attention. More complex statistical approaches and big data will help to illuminate symptom experiences. Additional focus on intervention studies and all symptom dimensions will help to advance symptom science research.ImpactThis review is the first to provide a comprehensive, systematic summary of the uses of the TOUS across the research literature to date. This theory is a diverse, holistic middle‐range theory capable of being applied to multiple symptoms and populations. Researchers should consider using the theory as a conceptual framework for studies to advance symptom science and explore symptoms holistically.
Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Iceland caused by VHS virus genotype IV
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Sigríður , Vendramin Niccoló , Cuenca Argelia , Sigurðardóttir Heiða , Kristmundsson Arni , Iburg Tine Moesgaard , Olesen Niels Jørgen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) of genotype IV was isolated from wild lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), brought to a land‐based farm in Iceland, to serve as broodfish. Two groups of lumpfish juveniles, kept in tanks in the same facility, got infected. The virus isolated was identified as VHSV by ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the glycoprotein (G) gene sequences, may indicate a novel subgroup of VHSV genotype IV. In controlled laboratory exposure studies with this new isolate, there was 3% survival in the I.P. injection challenged group while there was 90% survival in the immersion group. VHSV was not re‐isolated from fish challenged by immersion. In a cohabitation trial, lumpfish infected I.P. (shedders) were placed in tanks with naïve lumpfish as well as naïve Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). 10% of the lumpfish shedders and 43%–50% of the cohabiting lumpfish survived after 4 weeks. 80%–92% of the Atlantic salmon survived, but no viral RNA was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR nor VHSV was isolated from Atlantic salmon. This is the first isolation of a notifiable virus in Iceland and the first report of VHSV of genotype IV in European waters.
Mortality from scale drop disease in farmed Lates calcarifer in Southeast Asia
Authors: Senapin Saengchan , Dong Ha Thanh , Meemetta Watcharachai , Gangnonngiw Warachin , Sangsuriya Pakakul , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun , Sonthi Molruedee , Nuangsaeng Bunlung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Southeast Asia, a new disease called scale drop disease (SDD) caused by a novel Megalocytivirus (SDDV) has emerged in farmed Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. We received samples from an Eastern Thai province that also showed gross signs of SDD (loss of scales). Clinical samples of 0.2–1.1 kg L. calcarifer collected between 2016 and 2018 were examined for evidence of SDDV infection. Histopathology was similar to that in the first report of SDDV from Singapore including necrosis, inflammation and nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis in the multiple organs. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were also observed in the muscle tissue. In a density‐gradient fraction from muscle extracts, TEM revealed enveloped, hexagonal megalocytiviral‐like particles (~100–180 nm). By PCR using primers derived from the Singaporean SDDV genome sequence, four different genes were amplified and sequenced from the Thai isolate revealing 98.7%–99.9% identity between the two isolates. Since viral inclusions were rarely observed, clinical signs and histopathology could not be used to easily distinguish between SDD caused by bacteria or SDDV. We therefore recommend that PCR screening be used to monitor broodstock, fry and grow‐out fish to estimate the current impact of SDDV in Southeast Asia and to prevent its spread.
Experimental evidence on prevention of infection by the ectoparasitic protozoans Ichthyobodo salmonis and Trichodina truttae in juvenile chum salmon using ultraviolet disinfection of rearing water
Authors: Mizuno Shinya , Urawa Shigehiko , Miyamoto Mahito , Hatakeyama Makoto , Koide Nobuhisa , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn northern Japan, juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) are released from hatcheries to enhance the fishery resource. Infections with ectoparasitic protozoans, particularly the flagellate Ichthyobodo salmonis and the ciliate Trichodina truttae, occasionally cause severe mortality among hatchery‐reared juveniles. This study examined the susceptibility of the two parasites to wide‐ranging UV irradiation (experiment 1) and then investigated whether UV disinfection of the rearing water using a commercial device was useful for preventing infections among juveniles in a small‐scale rearing system over a 28‐day period (experiment 2). In experiment 1, parasite mortality reached 100% with UV irradiation doses of ≥9.60 × 105 μW s/cm2 for I. salmonis and ≥8.40 × 105 μW s/cm2 for T. truttae. In experiment 2, disinfection of the rearing water at a UV irradiation dose of 2.2 × 106 μW s/cm2 succeeded in complete prevention of both parasites in the juvenile salmon. These results elucidate the minimum dose of UV irradiation for inactivation of I. salmonis and T. truttae, and demonstrate the usefulness of water disinfection using a commercial UV irradiation device to prevent infections by these parasites in hatchery‐reared juvenile chum salmon.
Credit Reallocation, Deleveraging, and Financial Crises
Authors: HYUN JUNGHWAN , MINETTI RAOUL 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper studies how the process of reallocation of credit across firms behaves before and after financial crises. Applying the methodology typically used for measuring job reallocation, we track credit reallocation across Korean firms for over three decades (1980–2012). The credit boom preceding the 1997 crisis featured a slowdown of credit reallocation. After the crisis and the associated reforms, the creditless recovery (deleveraging) masked a dramatic intensification and increased procyclicality of credit reallocation. The findings suggest that the intensification of reallocation was efficiency‐enhancing.
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination, Macroeconomic Stability, and Sovereign Risk Premia
Authors: BONAM DENNIS , LUKKEZEN JASPER 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn standard macroeconomic models, equilibrium stability and uniqueness require monetary policy to actively target inflation and fiscal policy to ensure long‐run debt sustainability. We show analytically that these requirements change, and depend on the cyclicality of fiscal policy, when government debt is risky. In that case, budget deficits raise interest rates and crowd out consumption. Consequently, countercyclical fiscal policies reduce the parameter space supporting stable and unique equilibria and are feasible only if complemented with more aggressive debt consolidation and/or active monetary policy. Stability is more easily achieved, however, under procyclical fiscal policies.
What Threshold Defines Penumbral Brain Tissue in Patients with Symptomatic Anterior Circulation Intracranial Stenosis: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Khatri Pooja , Prabhakaran Shyam , Yeatts Sharon D. , Cutting Shawna , Jayaraman Mahesh , Chang Andrew D. , Sacchetti Daniel , Liebeskind David S. , Furie Karen L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEImpaired distal perfusion predicts neurological deterioration in large artery atherosclerosis. We aim to determine the optimal threshold of Tmax delay on perfusion imaging that is associated with neurological deterioration in patients with symptomatic proximal anterior circulation large artery stenosis.METHODSData were abstracted from a prospective ischemic stroke database of consecutively enrolled patients with symptomatic proximal intracranial stenosis (internal carotid artery or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery) who underwent magnetic resonance perfusion imaging within 24 hours of symptom onset during a 15‐month period. Tissue volumes of perfusion delay Tmax 0‐4 seconds, Tmax > 4 seconds, Tmax > 6 seconds, and Tmax > 8 seconds were calculated using an automated approach. A target mismatch (penumbra—core) was defined as ≥15mL of brain tissue using each of the Tmax threshold categories. The outcome was neurological deterioration at 30 days defined as new or worsening neurological deficits that are not attributed to a nonvascular etiology.RESULTSAmong 52 patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis, 26 patients met inclusion criteria. Neurological deterioration was associated with target mismatch profile defined according to Tmax > 6 seconds (66.7% [6/9] vs. 5.9% [1/17], P < .01) and Tmax >8 seconds (57.1% [4/7] vs. 15.8% [3/19], P = .05] but not according to Tmax > 4 seconds (27.3% [6/17] vs. 11.1% [1/9], P = .35].CONCLUSIONSA target mismatch profile using Tmax > 6 seconds may define tissue at risk in patients with acute symptomatic proximal anterior circulation intracranial stenosis. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.
The social construction of character
Authors: Moulin‐Stożek Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere has been increased interest in character strengths or virtues in recent years in social research and in various policy domains. However, while the notion of virtue has gained credibility in the fields of positive psychology and moral philosophy, it has yet to be satisfactorily considered from the perspective of social theory – in spite of the ongoing calls of researchers who have identified the need for further investigation into the role of culture and social context in the development of individuals' characters. In order to consider how good character and excellence in specific virtues are formed and sustained in social context, this article gives a theoretical account of character and virtue using well‐known microsociological concepts. It is argued that whereas virtues are often understood as psychological ‘traits’ or ‘dispositions’, they are also socially practiced and represented. Analyses of their related social processes are therefore appropriate and empirically promising, particularly in institutional settings, and can complement other theoretical and methodological approaches.
Effects of general anesthesia on postoperative sleep cycles in dentally disabled patients
Authors: Ayuse Terumi , Kurata Shinji , Sanuki Takuro , Mishima Gaku , Kiriishi Kensuke , Kawai Mari , Watanabe Toshihiro , Ozaki‐Honda Yu , Tanoue Naomi , Magata Nobuaki , Yamaguchi Kaori , Yoshida Mizuki , Ayuse Takao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsAlthough it has been reported that general anesthesia affect the perioperative sleep cycle, no studies have yet evaluated how general anesthesia affects dentally disabled patients. In this study, we investigated the alteration of perioperative sleep cycles in dentally disabled patients receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia.Subjects and methodsThe study included 16 patients receiving dental procedures under general anesthesia. Using a sleep monitoring mat, the patients’ sleep cycles were measured at home from 5 days before the scheduled surgery date until 5 days after discharge following general anesthesia. The change in all the variables of sleep cycles were analyzed in comparison to the value in preoperative period. Daily differences in these variables were assessed for statistical analysis.ResultsThe percentage of deep sleep (Stages 3 and 4) decreased significantly on postoperative day 1, and the percentage of light sleep increased. Furthermore, sleep cycles were significantly extended on postoperative day 1.ConclusionThe percentage of deep sleep decreased significantly on postoperative day 1 while the percentage of light sleep increased. Sleep cycles were also significantly extended on postoperative day 1. These results reveal that the sleep cycle is somehow affected on the first day following general anesthesia.
Race, Religion, and Obama in Appalachia*
Authors: White Steven 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveAppalachia—historically a culturally and politically unique region of the United States—has been effectively ignored by contemporary political scientists. Using a unique measure of Appalachian residence, this article analyzes racial attitudes, religion, and Appalachian opposition to the 2008 presidential candidacy of Barack Obama.MethodsI use regression analysis to assess the extent to which Appalachian residents differ in their levels of perceived racial favoritism, identification as born‐again Christians, and frequency of church attendance, as well as whether these variables can mediate the seeming regional effect of Appalachia in a standard vote choice model.ResultsI first demonstrate higher levels of perceived racial favoritism and, especially, higher levels of a particular type of religiosity in the region. I then assess whether these measures can mediate Appalachian distinctiveness in presidential vote choice. When perceived racial favoritism, church attendance, and born‐again Christian status are controlled for in regression models, Appalachian regional opposition to the 2008 Obama candidacy disappears statistically.ConclusionWhile race and religion both “matter,” I find it is religion that seems to matter more in explaining Appalachian distinctiveness, particularly relative to traditional southern distinctiveness. This provides a new vantage point from which to assess southern politics debates about subregional variation and the relative roles of race and religion, as well as sets the foundation for further analyses of Appalachia and American politics.
Use of Fiber Optic Technology in Monitoring Steel Sleeves and Composite Wrap Reinforcements
Authors: Alexander Chris , LaVergne Ryan , Turner Alan 
Published: November 2018

The rehabilitation of damaged pipelines plays a critically-important role in maintaining the integrity management of pipeline systems. The repair techniques employed by pipeline operators typically include welded Type A and Type B sleeves, as well as composite repairs. Once repairs are made, operators must trust the integrity and soundness of the repairs based on various monitoring and inspection techniques; however, there are no current widely-accepted techniques for monitoring either the reinforcement or the pipe itself.
A research program was conducted that involved the embedding of fiber optics in a steel sleeve and E-glass / epoxy composite repair systems. Measurements from the fiber optic sensors included temperature, hoop strain, and axial strain, which allowed engineers to monitor conditions in both the repair and the pipe sample. The implications of embedded technologies in pipeline repairs are far-reaching, including the ability to monitor not only the reinforcement itself, but also serve as a resource for monitoring pipeline activities including third party damage and land movement. This paper presents results from the test program, but also concepts for continued use of pipeline repair embedded technologies and their impact on the generation of large-scale data and enhancement of integrity management efforts.
Earned Schedule and the Use of Schedule Execution Reporting Metrics
Authors: Beck Philip J. , Kovacs Dennis 
Published: November 2018

The traditional approach of managing project performance is with the use of Earned Value Management. There is a recent trend towards the expansion of traditional Earned Value Management practices to include the concept of Earned Schedule.
Whereas Earned Value provides insight as to how the project is trending in relation to the plan by assessing cost and schedule variances, Earned Schedule focuses on the time element of schedule performance throughout the project execution phase.
Earned Value, although very effective at providing visibility to cost performance, is not as transparent when it comes to schedule performance over time. Case in point, at completion, irrespective as to how work progressed on the schedule (ahead or behind plan) at completion, the schedule performance index will always be 1.0.
Earned Schedule overcomes this drawback, providing useful tools to report on schedule performance, and providing visibility to the project state from which to base informed decisions.
To perform the analysis, Earned Schedule analysis incorporates detail from the baseline and forecast schedules as well as the integrated project management cost report (earned versus planned). In addition to looking at Earned Schedule metrics, other key metrics are factored into this approach to assess overall schedule performance.
Key metrics derived from the schedule and highlighted in this approach include:
• Critical Path Length Index (CPLI)
• Baseline Execution Index (BEI)
• Total Float Consumption Index (TFCI)
• To Complete Schedule Performance Index (TSPI)
• Predicted Forecast Finish Date (PFFD)
• Schedule Performance Index (time) (SPIt)
• Independent Estimate At Complete (time) (IEACt)
The intent of these metrics is to identify trends and assist in predicting project outcomes based on past performance. Since this approach is highly dependent on the schedule data, the more compliant a schedule is to industry best practices the better the quality of the results. The metrics are negatively impacted by recent re-baselining as this causes us to lose historical performance detail.
Frequent analysis of the schedule execution reporting metrics defined above provides transparency of project performance and brings visibility to early risk triggers in support of a proactive approach to project execution monitoring and control.
This paper will present a case study demonstrating how additional transparency through this approach highlighted a potential schedule risk. This increased visibility allowed the project team to reprioritize and implement proactive corrective actions to mitigate any potential impact to the project In Service Date (ISD).
An Approach to Engineering Critical Assessment of Assets That Cannot Be Inline Inspected
Authors: Ma Jing , Rosenfeld Michael , Veloo Peter , Rovella Troy , Martin Peter 
Published: November 2018

Hydrostatic pressure testing is the most widely accepted approach to verify the integrity of assets used for the transportation of natural gas. It is required by Federal Regulations 49 CFR §192 to substantiate the intended maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of new gas transmission pipelines. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) with Docket No. PHMSA-2011-0023 [1], proposes an additional requirement for MAOP verification of existing pipelines that: i) do not have reliable, traceable, verifiable, or complete records of a pressure test; or ii) were grandfathered into present service via 49 CFR §192.619(c). To meet this requirement, the NPRM proposes that an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) can be considered as an alternative to pressure testing if the operator establishes and develops an inline inspection (ILI) program. The ECA must analyze cracks or crack-like defects remaining or that could remain in the pipe, and must perform both predicted failure pressure (PFP) and crack growth calculations using established fracture mechanics techniques. For assets that cannot be assessed by ILI, however, the implementation of an ECA is hindered by the lack of defect size information.
This work documents a statistical approach to determine the most probable PFP and remaining life for assets that cannot be assessed by ILI. The first step is to infer a distribution of initial defect size accumulated through multiple ILI and in-ditch programs. The initial defect size distribution is established according to the as-identified seam type, e.g. low-frequency electric resistance weld (LF-ERW), high-frequency electric resistance weld (HF-ERW), flash weld (FW), single submerged arc weld (SSAW), or seamless (SMLS). The second step is to perform fracture mechanics assessment to generate a probabilistic distribution of PFPs for the asset. In conjunction with the defect size distribution, inputs into the calculation also include the variations of mechanical strength and toughness properties informed by the operator’s materials verification program. Corresponding to a target reliability level, a nominal PFP is selected through its statistical distribution. Subsequently applying the appropriate class location factor to the nominal PFP gives the operator a basis to verify their current MAOP. The last step is to perform probabilistic fatigue life calculations to derive the remaining life distribution, which drives reassessment intervals and integrity management decisions for the asset. This paper will present some case studies as a demonstration of the methodology developed and details of calculation and establishment of database.