bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐triggered three‐dimensional network formation in graphene–polybutadiene nanocomposite
Authors: Pal Sanjay , Chatterjee Tuhin , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSince the invention of vulcanization in the early 19th century, the study on potential factors affecting the crosslink network formation and the corresponding changes in the initial physiochemical attributes of elastomer has been the subject of prime interest. Where several investigations highlight the mechanism and kinetics of the crosslink network formation, the exclusive effect of compounding ingredients, such as filler, plasticizer, and anti‐oxidant, is still being pursued. In this direction, we report preparation and characterization of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene (PB)–graphene (G) nanocomposite and highlight a phenomenon in which graphene induces the spontaneous chemical reactions in the cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene elastomer matrix triggered at 170 °C temperature. PB–G nanocomposites were prepared by a fairly simple solution mixing and precipitation process, and such nanocomposites were analytically investigated using several characterization techniques. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows the evidence of reactions via exothermic peak transition at ~170 °C temperature. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and stress–strain analysis suggest improvement in the initial physiochemical attributes of elastomer. The equilibrium swelling study quantifies the network structure that formed during the spontaneous reactions induced by graphene. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and Raman spectroscopic analysis suggest clear deviation in the pristine chemical structure of cis‐1,4‐PB elastomer and graphene, respectively. We believe that the spontaneous chemical reactions led to the formation of a three‐dimensional network within the PB elastomer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48209.
Selection ofBacillus subtilisUS191 as a mannanase‐producing probiotic candidate
Authors: Blibech Monia , Mouelhi Sana , Farhat‐Khemakhem Ameny , Boukhris Ines , Ayeb Afef El , Chouayekh Hichem 
Published: July 2019

Abstractβ‐Mannanases are crucial enzymes for the breakdown of mannans. As Mannans are being considered as antinutritional factors in poultry production, the search for mannanase‐producing probiotic bacteria is now attracting considerable attention as a strategy to enhance nutrients bioavailability. Five soil born Bacilli (US134, US150, US176, US180, and US191) were selected for their ability to produce extracellular β‐mannanases that were biochemically characterized. The probiotic properties of these strains were determined to assess their potential as animal feed supplements.Bacillus subtilisUS191 was shown to be sensitive to all antibiotics tested, to inhibit growth of the bacterial pathogens tested, and to produce a thermostable β‐mannanase. It exhibited a notable acid and bovine bile tolerance and high ability to form biofilm. These features may favor its adherence to the intestinal epithelial cells allowing its survival and persistence in the digestive tract. Furthermore, our study revealed that US191 was among the strains showing the highest ability to digest wheat dry matter in vitro when compared to the commercial feed additive Rovabio®Max. Altogether, our findings suggest that the β‐mannanase producerB.subtilisUS191 is a promising probiotic candidate for the feed industry.
A conformational switch‐based aptasensor for the chemiluminescence detection of microRNA
Authors: Cai Sheng , Ye Jiawei , AL‐maskri Abdu Ahmed Abdullah , Sun Lianli , Zeng Su 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple microRNA (miRNA) aptasensor has been developed combining the conformational switch of a streptavidin aptamer and isothermal strand displacement amplification. In the presence of its target miRNA, the allosteric molecular beacon (aMB) probe immobilized on the plate can be ‘switched on' and release the streptavidin aptamer. At the same time, Klenow fragment (3′→5′ exo‐) is utilized to initiate DNA‐strand displacement, which starts the target recycling process. Based on the aptamer' high binding affinity and subsequent catalytic chemiluminescence (CL) detection, this CL strategy is highly specific in distinguishing mature miRNAs in same family. It exhibits a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 50 fM, and shows great potential for miRNA‐related clinical practices and biochemical research.
Prognostic impact of extratumoral perineural invasion in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Li‐Yu , De Paz Dante , Lin Chien‐Yu , Fan Kang‐Hsing , Wang Hung‐Ming , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Lee Li‐Ang , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Liao Chun‐Ta , Yeh Ching‐Hua , Kang Chung‐Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposePerineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). The American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, eighth edition, introduced a subdivision of PNI into two distinct forms, that is, extratumoral and intratumoral PNI (EPNI and IPNI, respectively). We designed the current study to assess whether EPNI and IPNI have different prognostic implications in terms of disease control and survival outcomes in patients with OCSCC.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively examined 229 consecutive patients with OCSCC and PNI who underwent radical surgery between July 2003 and November 2016. EPNI and IPNI were identified in 76 and 153 patients, respectively. The 5‐year locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates served as the main outcome measures.ResultsCompared with patients showing IPNI, those with EPNI had a higher prevalence of worst pattern of invasion type‐5 (P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.03), and close margins (P = 0.002). Univariate analysis revealed that EPNI was a significant predictor of 5‐year LRC (P = 0.024), DFS (P = 0.007), and OS (P = 0.034) rates. After allowance for potential confounders in multivariable analysis, ENPI was retained in the model as an independent predictor of 5‐year LRC (P = 0.028), DFS (P = 0.011), and OS (P = 0.034) rates.ConclusionCompared with IPNI, the presence of EPNI in OCSCC portends less favorable outcomes. Patients with EPNI are potential candidates for definite aggressive treatment modalities aimed at improving prognosis.
Economic inequality and the rise of far‐right populism: A social psychological analysis
Authors: Jay Sarah , Batruch Anatolia , Jetten Jolanda , McGarty Craig , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is argued that far‐right (FR) populism in the West is fuelled by inequality. In this paper, we argue that three social psychological processes are central to explaining these phenomena. We suggest that these processes are recursive although we do not specify their temporal order. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we first examine how inequality is linked to reduced social trust and cohesion, which has consequences for both low‐ and high‐income groups. We examine the known effects of perceived threat in amplifying tensions between groups and consolidating identity positions. Second, we argue that national identity consolidation is a particularly likely response to inequality, which, in turn, reduces tolerance of cultural diversity as an associated consequence. Finally, we consider the value of these strengthened national identities to those who harness them effectively to gain political ground. In this way, those who offer FR populist rhetoric aligned with nationalism can blame immigrants, “foreign” powers, and mainstream politics for both the lack of social cohesion and reduced economic circumstances of many. We conclude that FR populist leaders not only tap into the negative social consequences of inequality, their policy positions also fail to address and may even compound the situation.
The use of bidirectional barbed suture in the treatment of a complete common calcanean tendon rupture in a dog: Long‐term clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation
Authors: Frame Kevin , Ben‐Amotz Oded , Simpler Renee , Zuckerman Josh , Ben‐Amotz Ron 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe canine common calcanean tendon can be repaired successfully using a modified Kessler knotless barbed technique. A long‐term ultrasound follow‐up showed improved and increased normal tendon fibrillar echotexture and homogeneity.
Customized Design of Scalable Microfluidic Droplet Generators Using Step‐Emulsification Methods
Authors: Eberhardt Angelika , Bošković Dušan , Loebbecke Stefan , Panić Slobodan , Winter Yannik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCustomized monodisperse microparticles and microcapsules can be produced by combining microfluidic droplet generation with subsequent particle solidification. Established microfluidic devices for droplet formation like flow‐focusing structures or T‐junctions provide high reproducibility and controllability, but are often limited in terms of throughput or variability. A higher throughput by means of simple numbering‐up can be achieved by applying alternative droplet formation mechanisms like step emulsification. Using laser‐ablated glass reactors designed in‐house, comprehensive studies with varied step geometry and process parameters were performed in order to provide fundamental data for general calculation methods allowing the fast design of customized microfluidic droplet generators.
S−ZnO/CNTs Microspheres Prepared by Spray Drying for Improved Cathodes in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Haipeng , Wang Jiayi , Zhao Yan , Yang Shuang , Tian Yuan , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, S−ZnO/CNTs microspheres were prepared by spray drying to yield caddice‐like ball morphologies, composed of large numbers of carbon nanotubes deposited with ZnO nanoparticles. This synthesis route was advantageous since sulfur was loaded simultaneously and caddice‐like ball morphologies were formed in one step during spray drying. The unique hierarchical structure and polycrystalline nature of S−ZnO/CNTs microspheres did not only facilitate the physical and chemical confinement of sulfur but also inhibited shuttling behaviors of polysulfides. Therefore, the testing of S−ZnO/CNTs composite as cathodes in Li−S batteries revealed elevated initial specific capacities reaching 1237.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. In addition, the cathodes presented cycling stabilities, with 919.2 mAh g−1 retained capacitance after 150 cycles. At elevated C‐rate of 3 C, the cathodes showed also substantial specific capacities reaching 495.6 mAh g−1. Overall, the proposed preparation strategy looks promising for preparation of future advanced cathode materials for (Li−S) batteries.
Tube Swirler Inserts – Development Status
Authors: Effert Martin , Brückner Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTube swirler inserts were developed for the evaporator heating surfaces of once‐through boilers with a firing system. The improvement of the internal heat transfer has been shown in extensive measurements. Application of the swirler inserts is not limited to the power industry. Any heat transmission process might benefit from the new technology, especially in case of two‐phase flow. The inserts can be introduced into smooth tubes of any steel grade.
PROTOCOL: Independent living programmes for improving outcomes for young people leaving the care system
Authors: Donkoh C , Underhill K , Montgomery P 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this Campbell systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of independent living programmes (ILPs) for young people leaving the care system.The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 3, 2005); MEDLINE (1966 to June 2005); EMBASE (1980 to June 2005); CINAHL (1982 to June 2005); Psyc INFO (1887 to June 2005); Sociological Abstracts (1952 ‐ June 2005); Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) (1987‐ June 2005) and Dissertation Abstracts (to June 2005). All bibliographies were cross‐referenced, and experts were contacted for unpublished or ongoing studies. Studies were included if they were randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials comparing ILPs to standard care, another intervention, no intervention, or a wait‐list control, for young people leaving care systems at their country's statutory age of discharge.No study was found that met the inclusion criteria of the review. Eighteen studies using non‐randomised or noncomparative designs were found, which generally reported favourable outcomes for ILP participants; however, reliable inferences cannot be drawn from these studies due to their use of weak methodology.Results from randomised controlled trials show no evidence of the effectiveness of ILPs in improving or impairing outcomes for young people discharged from care. Further research into ILPs using randomised controlled designs is needed.
Intent and subsequent initiation of human papillomavirus vaccine among young cancer survivors
Authors: Cherven Brooke , Castellino Sharon M. , Chen Yanjun , Wong F. Lennie , York Jocelyn M. , Wasilewski‐Masker Karen , Hudson Melissa M. , Bhatia Smita , Klosky James L. , Landier Wendy 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDespite an increased risk of subsequent human papillomavirus (HPV)–related malignancies, HPV vaccine initiation rates among cancer survivors remain critically low. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HPV vaccine intent and subsequent vaccine initiation among cancer survivors by linking data from a cross‐sectional survey with state‐based immunization registry records.MethodsCancer survivors who were 9 to 26 years old were surveyed 1 to 5 years after their treatment to assess their HPV vaccine initiation status, HPV vaccine intent, sociodemographic factors, and vaccine‐related health beliefs. HPV vaccine doses/dates were abstracted from the Georgia Registry for Immunization Transactions for 3.5 years after survey participation. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with vaccine intent and subsequent vaccine initiation.ResultsAmong survivors who were HPV vaccine–naive at survey participation (n = 103), factors associated with vaccine intent included the following: 1) provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐18.1; P = .014), 2) positive general attitude toward vaccines (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.0‐11.2; P < .001), and 3) perceived severity of HPV disease (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐9.9; P = .02). Of the vaccine‐naive patients, 28 initiated the HPV vaccine at a median of 1.1 years after the survey. Initiation was more likely among survivors who had reported vaccine intent (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2‐12.5; P = .02) and was less likely among older survivors (OR per year, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6‐0.9; P < .001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine plays a role in establishing intent, which then translates into subsequent initiation.
Diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology for diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients
Authors: Ronchi Andrea , Montella Marco , Zito Marino Federica , Panarese Iacopo , Pagliuca Francesca , Colella Giuseppe , Franco Renato , Cozzolino Immacolata 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSalivary gland tumors are rare in pediatric patients and include both benign and malignant types. Although fine‐needle aspiration cytology is widely used to diagnose salivary gland tumors in adults, such diagnostic techniques in pediatric patients are still poorly applied and studied. Nevertheless, a preoperative diagnostic definition of salivary gland lesions is highly recommended to plan a correct surgical management and to avoid over‐treatment of inflammatory or reactive lesions.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective analysis on a series of salivary gland lesions—both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic—in pediatric patients who underwent fine‐needle aspiration. When obtainable, the corresponding histological diagnoses were retrieved. The authors calculated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of fine‐needle aspiration in this clinical setting and evaluated the diagnostic agreement between cytology and histology.ResultsThe series included 34 cases of salivary gland lesions in patients aged <20 years, including 21 benign neoplasms and 6 malignant neoplasms. Cytological samples were adequate for diagnosis in 32 of 34 cases, and a definitive cytological diagnosis was achieved in 29 of 34 cases. Cytology demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.86 for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, and a comparison between the diagnostic performance of cytology and histology demonstrated statistically significant concordance between the 2 techniques.ConclusionsFine‐needle aspiration cytology shows high accuracy in the diagnosis of pediatric salivary gland tumors, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity similar to those reported for adult patients.
Controlling Gold Electrodeposition on Porous Polymeric Templates Produced by the Breath‐Figure Method: Fabrication of SERS‐Active Surfaces
Authors: Colombo Rafael Neri Prystaj , Moreira Rodrigo Valim , de Faria Dalva Lúcia Araújo , Córdoba de Torresi Susana Inés 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPorous structured surfaces decorated with gold nanoparticles can be fabricated in an economical two‐step process. Sub‐micrometric porous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) templates are formed by using the breath‐figure method (BFM) with a single‐step spin‐coating onto a conducting substrate to result in a set of delimited microdomains for gold electrodeposition. By controlling electrochemical parameters, distinct morphologies are engendered, among them, nanoparticles that present useful local Raman enhancement in the order of up to 106 with stability of a solid‐phase platform and characteristic chemical resistance of gold. The spatial confinement of metallic structures resulted in electromagnetic field enhancement, here compared to flat metallic surfaces where contributions of area effect and fluorescence quenching are responsible for a significant apparent enhancement to Raman spectra that has not been frequently reported to date.
Extending a communication service provider's operations management based on knowledge granules and aspects derived from imperfect information
Authors: Dragun Nenad , Bogunović Nikola 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe core of a communication service provider's business revolves around service‐related operations management, usually relying strongly on expert knowledge built inside the company. Knowledge representation in this environment inevitably requires addressing various domains. Team members working on common tasks bring domain diversity to their teams due to their various ontological areas of expertise. All team members must attain an acceptable level of knowledge regarding other domains to reach a team's desired level of effectiveness. This paper provides a novel way of linking divergent domain ontologies to facilitate and enrich service management in the communication service provider environment. The typical service provider infrastructure offers an extensive source of information for deriving knowledge regarding services, but the information is generally imperfect, inconsistent, and incomplete. Introducing a granular approach based on rough sets applicable to this imperfect information enables fractional management, which together with multiaspect formalisms enables the derivation of the specificity of a certain domain from a common source of knowledge without interference from other domains. A case study illustrates the implementation of an intelligent communication service and network management system based on the contexts used for assisting service strategies. The implementation empirically justifies the proposed approach.
Affective attunement in peer dyads containing children adopted from institutions
Authors: DePasquale Carrie E. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChildren who have experienced institutional care early in life tend to show deficits in behavioral and adrenocortical regulation that impact their ability to form friendships and have positive social interactions with peers. Understanding how post‐institutionalized children interact with unfamiliar peers and the factors that predict the quality of these interactions may shed light on the processes contributing to the persistent, often increasing social deficits seen in post‐institutionalized children. In this study, one child (either post‐institutionalized or non‐adopted; the “target”) interacted with another non‐adopted child (the “peer”; N = 58 dyads, M age = 9.65 years) through a series of competitive and cooperative games during which interaction quality and affect of each participant were coded. Three saliva samples were also collected from each participant to measure cortisol production across the session. No group differences in behavior, affect, or cortisol were found. However, non‐adopted target children's affect was positively associated with their peers’ affect and negatively associated with peers’ change in cortisol across the session, while post‐institutionalized target children's affect was not associated with their peers’ affect or cortisol. Thus, future interventions may want to promote social skills in children exposed to early adversity by focusing on dyadic social contingencies rather than individual behavior.
Zebrafish Wtx is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling but is dispensable for embryonic development and organ homeostasis
Authors: Große Andreas , Perner Birgit , Naumann Uta , Englert Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe X‐chromosomally linked gene WTX is a human disease gene and a member of the AMER family. Mutations in WTX are found in Wilms tumor, a form of pediatric kidney cancer and in patients suffering from OSCS (Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis), a sclerosing bone disorder. Functional data suggest WTX to be an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Deletion of Wtx in mouse leads to perinatal death, impeding the analysis of its physiological role.ResultsTo gain insights into the function of Wtx in development and homeostasis we have used zebrafish as a model and performed both knockdown and knockout studies using morpholinos and transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs), respectively. Wtx knockdown led to increased Wnt activity and embryonic dorsalization. Also, wtx mutants showed a transient upregulation of Wnt target genes in the context of caudal fin regeneration. Surprisingly, however, wtx as well as wtx/amer2/amer3 triple mutants developed normally, were fertile and did not show any anomalies in organ maintenance.ConclusionsOur data show that members of the zebrafish wtx/amer gene family, while sharing a partially overlapping expression pattern do not compensate for each other. This observation demonstrates a remarkable robustness during development and regeneration in zebrafish.