bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, player position and 2 min suspensions were associated with match injuries during the 2017 Men’s Handball World Championship (France)
Authors: Tabben Montassar , Landreau Philippe , Chamari Karim , Juin Gerard , Ahmed Hosny , Farooq Abdulaziz , Bahr Roald , Popovic Nebojsa 
Published: September 2018

AimTo study the association between player characteristics, technical components of the game and the risk of match injuries during the 2017 Men’s Handball World Championship.MethodsTeam physicians of the participating teams (n=24) were requested to provide injury report forms throughout the Men’s Handball World Championship (France, January 2017). The individual time played, age, number of international matches played and all technical and penalty variables for each player were extracted from the official International Handball Federation (IHF) online database and used as risk factors in a general logistic linear model analysis.ResultsOf 387 players, 49 sustained one or more injuries (93 injuries in total). The total incidence of match injuries was 82.1 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 66.2 to 100.5), non-time-loss injury incidence was 40.6 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 29.3 to 54.9), while time-loss injury incidence was 30.9 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 21.5 to 42.9). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18, p=0.011), player position (backs: OR 6.79, 95% CI 2.25 to 20.54, p=0.001; goalkeepers: OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.15 to 21.94, p=0.031) and 2 min suspensions (1–2 times: OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.04, p=0.011; 3 or more times: OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.38, p=0.029) were significant risk factors for getting injured during competition matches.ConclusionAge, player position (backs, goalkeepers) and 2 min suspensions were associated with match injury. Stricter rule enforcement should be considered to prevent match injuries in elite handball.
JUUL and other stealth vaporisers: hiding the habit from parents and teachers
Authors: Ramamurthi Divya , Chau Cindy , Jackler Robert K 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundSome consumers wish to use vapour devices discreetly so that family members, teachers and coworkers do not recognise their use of nicotine ortetrahydrocannabinol (THC) laden vapour.MethodsStealthy vapour devices, as well as low-odour and low-vapour e-juices, were identified via a comprehensive online search between March and June 2018.ResultsAs evidence of their popularity, a search for ‘stealth vaping’ on YouTube found 18 200 videos. A variety of cleverly designed vapour devices disguised as USB sticks, pens, remote controls, car fobs, smart phones, sweatshirt drawstrings and even asthma inhalers are on the market. JUUL, which resembles a USB stick, is the archetype of these devices and is especially popular among youth. A search of ‘JUUL’ on YouTube yielded 148 000 videos with 57 videos having >100 000 views. Searches on ‘JUUL at school’ (15 500), ‘JUUL in class’ (6840), ‘hiding JUUL in school’ (2030) and ‘JUUL in school bathroom’ (1040) illustrate the product’s popularity among students. Some e-juices promote themselves as having low visibility plumes while others profess to be of subtle odour to avoid detection. Numerous techniques have been described to hide the exhaled vapour plume such as by swallowing it or blowing it into one’s clothing or into a backpack.ConclusionsThe vaping industry has demonstrated much ingenuity in devising discreet vaporisers and de-emphasising exhaled vapour plumes and their aroma. The US market for vaping devices with stealthy characteristics is anything but inconspicuous, with JUUL alone accounting for 70.5% of sales (July 2018).
On the local k-elasticities of Puiseux monoids
Authors: Gotti Marly 
Published: September 2018

If [Formula: see text] is an atomic monoid and [Formula: see text] is a nonzero non-unit element of [Formula: see text], then the set of lengths [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is the set of all possible lengths of factorizations of [Formula: see text], where the length of a factorization is the number of irreducible factors (counting repetitions). In a recent paper, F. Gotti and C. O’Neil studied the sets of elasticities [Formula: see text] of Puiseux monoids [Formula: see text]. Here, we take this study a step further and explore the local [Formula: see text]-elasticities of the same class of monoids. We find conditions under which Puiseux monoids have all their local elasticities finite as well as conditions under which they have infinite local [Formula: see text]-elasticities for sufficiently large [Formula: see text]. Finally, we focus our study of the [Formula: see text]-elasticities on the class of primary Puiseux monoids, proving that they have finite local [Formula: see text]-elasticities if either they are boundedly generated and do not have any stable atoms or if they do not contain [Formula: see text] as a limit point.
THE CURRENT–VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE MEASUREMENT TEMPERATURE OF 60–400 K IN THE Au/Ti/n-GaAs CONTACTS WITH HIGH DIELECTRIC HfO2 INTERFACIAL LAYER
Authors: KARABULUT ABDULKERIM , ORAK IKRAM , CAGLAR MUJDAT , TURUT ABDULMECIT 
Published: September 2018

The Au/Ti/HfO2/[Formula: see text]-GaAs metal/insulating layer/semiconductor structures have been fabricated using standard thermal atomic layer deposition. We experimentally showed whether or not the HfO2 interfacial layer grown on the [Formula: see text]-GaAs wafer modifies the barrier height (BH) of the device at the room temperature. Besides, we investigated the measurement based on temperature dependence of the device parameters from the current–voltage ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) characteristics of the diode in 60–400[Formula: see text]K range with steps of 10[Formula: see text]K. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been carried out to characterize the surfaces of both [Formula: see text]-GaAs wafer and HfO2 thin films. The series resistance value from the temperature-dependent [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] characteristics decreased with decreasing temperature, which is a desired positive result for the devices developed from the MOS capacitor. The BH value of 0.94[Formula: see text]eV (300[Formula: see text]K) has been obtained for the device with the HfO2 layer which is a higher value than the value of 0.77[Formula: see text]eV (300[Formula: see text]K) of the device without HfO2 layer. Therefore, we can say that the HfO2 thin layer at the metal/GaAs interface can also be used for the BH modification as a gate insulator for GaAs MOS capacitor and MOSFETs. When the temperature-dependent [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] characteristics at low temperatures have been considered, it has been observed that the current prefers to flow through the lowest BHs due to the BH inhomogeneities.
Optimal Prescriptions of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Neonates with Hyperammonemia
Authors: Kim Jeong Yeon , Lee Yeonhee , Cho Heeyeon 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ outcomes, determine the prescriptions of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) that effectively reduce serum ammonia levels, and analyze the prognostic factors in neonates with hyperammonemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The medical records of 12 Korean neonates with inborn error of metabolism (IEM) who underwent CRRT for hyperammonemia were retrospectively analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All patients received continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. The median ultrafiltration rate (UFR) at the initiation of CRRT was 2,288.4 mL/h/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. The median ammonia level at CRRT initiation was 1,320 µmol/L, and the median time to reduce the initial ammonia level by at least 50% was 12.8 h. The survival rate during hospitalization was 83.3%. There were significant differences between patients with neurologic sequelae and those without poor outcomes in peak serum ammonia level before CRRT and serum ammonia level at CRRT initiation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study suggested that CRRT could be a therapeutic option for neonates with IEM. However, it is necessary to raise the UFR above 4,000 mL/h/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> in patients with high initial ammonia level.
Mechanism of Increased LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) and Decreased Triglycerides With SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibition
Authors: Basu Debapriya , Huggins Lesley-Ann , Scerbo Diego , Obunike Joseph , Mullick Adam E. , Rothenberg Paul L. , Di Prospero Nicholas A. , Eckel Robert H. , Goldberg Ira J. 
Published: September 2018

Objective—
SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibition in humans leads to increased levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and decreased levels of plasma triglyceride. Recent studies, however, have shown this therapy to lower cardiovascular mortality. In this study, we aimed to determine how SGLT2 inhibition alters circulating lipoproteins.

Approach and Results—
We used a mouse model expressing human CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) and human ApoB100 (apolipoprotein B100) to determine how SGLT2 inhibition alters plasma lipoprotein metabolism. The mice were fed a high-fat diet and then were made partially insulin deficient using streptozotocin. SGLT2 was inhibited using a specific antisense oligonucleotide or canagliflozin, a clinically available oral SGLT2 inhibitor. Inhibition of SGLT2 increased circulating levels of LDL cholesterol and reduced plasma triglyceride levels. SGLT2 inhibition was associated with increased LpL (lipoprotein lipase) activity in the postheparin plasma, decreased postprandial lipemia, and faster clearance of radiolabeled VLDL (very-LDL) from circulation. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibition delayed turnover of labeled LDL from circulation.

Conclusions—
Our studies in diabetic CETP-ApoB100 transgenic mice recapitulate many of the changes in circulating lipids found with SGLT2 inhibition therapy in humans and suggest that the increased LDL cholesterol found with this therapy is because of reduced clearance of LDL from the circulation and greater lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Most prominent effects of SGLT2 inhibition in the current mouse model were seen with antisense oligonucleotides-mediated knockdown of SGLT2.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Patients Who Undergo Placement of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: Baskar Shankar , Bao Haikun , Minges Karl E. , Spar David S. , Czosek Richard J. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are an important part of therapy for many patients, yet there is little data on population characteristics, complications, or system survival in pediatric patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of ICD recipients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry was performed from 2010 to 2016. Patient characteristics and complications between pediatric (≤21 years) and adult populations (>21 years) were compared. Variables associated with complications and early device interventions within the pediatric cohort were evaluated using multivariate modeling.

Results

There were 562 209 total ICD implants, of which 3461 occurred in the pediatric cohort. Among the pediatric patients, 60% of implants were for primary prevention, and nonischemic cardiomyopathy was the most common underlying disease (60%). Over time, there was an increasing trend of both primary and secondary prevention ICD implantations (
P
<0.05). Compared with adults, pediatric patients were more likely to have structural heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and channelopathy, and to receive a single-chamber device (all
P
<0.001). There was no difference in inhospital complications between the adult and pediatric cohorts (2.4% versus 2.6%,
P
=0.3). However, among the pediatric patients, lower weight, Ebstein anomaly, worse New York Heart Association class, dual chamber, and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator were associated with greater risk of complications. Although reintervention for generator replacement or upgrade was more common in adults, the time to reintervention was shorter in the pediatric cohort.

Conclusions
We observed an increasing trend in ICD device implantation among pediatric patients. The pediatric cohort had similar inhospital complication rates compared with adults but had a shorter time to reintervention.
Use of Ablation Index-Guided Ablation Results in High Rates of Durable Pulmonary Vein Isolation and Freedom From Arrhythmia in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Das Moloy , Riva Stefania , Morgan Maureen , Ronayne Christina , Sahni Ankita , Shaw Matthew , Todd Derick , Hall Mark , Modi Simon , Natale Andrea , Dello Russo Antonio , Snowdon Richard , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: September 2018

Background
Catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with less favorable outcomes than for paroxysmal AF. Substrate modification is often added to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) to try to improve success rates. Recent studies have shown improved clinical outcomes with use of regional ablation index (AI) targets for PVI. We hypothesized that prospective use of AI-guided PVI in persistent AF patients would result in a low rate of PV reconnection at repeat electrophysiology study and that a high success rate can be achieved with durable PVI alone.

Methods
Forty consecutive patients with persistent AF underwent AI-guided PVI with target values of 550 for anterior and 400 for posterior left atrial regions, followed by a protocol-mandated repeat procedure after 2 months. Patients were monitored for atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence via daily plus symptom-initiated ECG recordings for 12 months. Recurrence was defined as ≥30 seconds of any atrial tachyarrhythmia after a 3-month blanking period.

Results
PV reconnection was seen at repeat electrophysiology study in 22% of patients, affecting 7% of PVs. Ablation on the intervenous carina was required in 44% patients to achieve durable PVI. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was documented in 8 (20%) patients, only one of whom had PV reconnection at repeat study. At 12 months, 38/40 (95%) patients were in sinus rhythm, with 4 (10%) patients having started antiarrhythmic drugs. Higher body mass index and excess alcohol consumption were the only significant factors associated with atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence.

Conclusions
Use of AI targets results in a high level of durable PVI. A good clinical outcome can be achieved in the great majority of persistent AF patients with AI-guided PVI alone.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02628730.
Unifocal Right-Sided Ablation Treatment for Neurally Mediated Syncope and Functional Sinus Node Dysfunction Under Computed Tomographic Guidance
Authors: Debruyne Philippe , Rossenbacker Tom , Collienne Christine , Roosen John , Ector Bavo , Janssens Luc , Charlier Filip , Vankelecom Bart , Dewilde Willem , Wijns William 
Published: September 2018

Background
Biatrial, extensive, and complex ablation strategies have been published for the treatment of neurally mediated syncope, sinus node dysfunction, and functional atrioventricular block. We have developed a less extensive and more specific approach compared with previously published cardioneuroablation strategies, called cardio-neuromodulation. It is based on tailored vagolysis of the sinoatrial node through partial ablation of the anterior right-ganglionated plexus, preferentially through a right-sided approach.

Methods
Patients with syncope were enrolled between December 2016 and December 2017. They were assigned to group A if they had a positive head-up tilt test and to group B if they presented with a pause ≥3 seconds. The area to target during cardio-neuromodulation was designed offline on a computed tomographic scan. Slow heart rates and pauses were compared during 24-hour rhythm registration at baseline, at 1-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. Syncope burden was assessed before the procedure and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.

Results

Twenty patients underwent cardio-neuromodulation through a right-sided approach (12 in group A, 8 in group B). The first application of radiofrequency energy led to a P-P interval shortening >120 ms in all 20 patients. After a mean±SD ablation time of 7±4 minutes and mean ablated surface area of 11±6 mm
2
, the P-P interval shortened by 219±160 ms (
P
<0.001). The number of beats <50/min during 24-hour rhythm registration was reduced by a median of 100% at 6-month follow-up (
P
<0.001). Syncope burden was reduced by 95% at 6-month follow-up (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
These data indicate that cardio-neuromodulation, through a right-sided and computed tomographic–guided procedure, is safe, fast, and highly reproducible in preventing inappropriate functional sinus bradycardia and syncope recurrence.
Slow/Fast Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Using the Inferolateral Left Atrial Slow Pathway
Authors: Stavrakis Stavros , Jackman Warren M. , Lockwood Deborah , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Beckman Karen , Elkholey Khaled , Wang Zulu , Po Sunny S. 
Published: September 2018

Background
We describe a technique to localize the ablation target in patients with an unusual variant of slow/fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) using a slow pathway connecting to the basal inferolateral left atrium.

Methods
Consecutive patients with slow/fast AVNRT were included. During stable slow/fast AVNRT, a single late atrial extrastimulus (AES) was delivered at the inferolateral left atrium near the mitral annulus. Advancing the next His bundle potential by ≥5 ms, followed by resetting of the tachycardia cycle length, indicated that the AES engaged the anterograde slow pathway. The latest AES resetting AVNRT was considered to be in close proximity to the atrial end of the anterograde slow pathway and was selected as the ablation target.

Results
In 10 of 843 (1.2%) patients, ablation at the inferolateral left atrium was required. All patients had had failed ablation at the inferior triangle of Koch and roof of the coronary sinus. In all 10 patients, a late AES advanced the His bundle potential by ≥10 ms and reset the tachycardia. Ablation at that site eliminated slow pathway conduction and terminated the tachycardia. Ablation was successful at the site of the latest AES, delivered 49±12 ms after the onset of the His bundle potential. No recurrent tachycardia was noted at 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusions
The inferolateral left atrium slow pathway is used in a small subset of patients with slow/fast AVNRT. Accurate localization of the ablation target can be achieved by delivering late AES during AVNRT (resetting response).
Effect of Everolimus Initiation and Calcineurin Inhibitor Elimination on Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Arora Satish , Andreassen Arne K. , Karason Kristjan , Gustafsson Finn , Eiskjær Hans , Bøtker Hans Erik , Rådegran Göran , Gude Einar , Ioanes Dan , Solbu Dag , Dellgren Göran , Ueland Thor , Aukrust Pål , Gullestad Lars ,   on behalf of the SCHEDULE (Scandinavian Heart Transplant Everolimus De Novo Study With Early Calcineurin Inhibitors Avoidance) Investigators
Published: September 2018

Background
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) limits survival after heart transplantation, and the effect of different immunosuppressive regimens on CAV is not fully understood. The randomized SCHEDULE trial (Scandinavian Heart Transplant Everolimus De Novo Study With Early Calcineurin Inhibitors Avoidance) evaluated whether initiation of the proliferation signal inhibitor everolimus and early cyclosporine elimination can reduce CAV development.

Methods and Results

The SCHEDULE trial was a multicenter Scandinavian trial, where 115 de novo heart transplantation recipients were randomized to everolimus with complete cyclosporine withdrawal 7 to 11 weeks after heart transplantation or standard cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Seventy-six (66%) patients had matched intravascular ultrasound examinations at baseline and 12 and 36 months. Intravascular ultrasound analysis evaluated maximal intimal thickness, percent atheroma volume, and total atheroma volume. Qualitative plaque analysis using virtual histology assessed fibrous, fibrofatty, and calcified tissue as well as necrotic core. Serum inflammatory markers were measured in parallel. The everolimus group (n=37) demonstrated significantly reduced CAV progression as compared with the cyclosporine group (n=39) at 36 months (Δ maximal intimal thickness, 0.09±0.05 versus 0.15±0.16 mm [
P
=0.03]; Δ percent atheroma volume, 5.3±2.8% versus 7.6±5.9% [
P
=0.03]; and Δ total atheroma volume, 33.9±71.2 versus 54.2±96.0 mm
3
[
P
=0.34], respectively]. At 36 months the number of everolimus patients with rejection graded ≥2R was 15 (41%) as compared with 5 (13%) in the cyclosporine group (
P
=0.01). Everolimus did not affect CAV morphology or immune marker activity during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
The SCHEDULE trial demonstrates that everolimus initiation and early cyclosporine elimination significantly reduces CAV progression at 12 months, and this beneficial effect is clearly sustained at 36 months.

Clinical trial registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01266148.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Is Elevated in Failing Single Ventricle Myocardium and Affects Cardiomyocyte Remodeling In Vitro
Authors: Garcia Anastacia M. , Nakano Stephanie J. , Karimpour-Fard Anis , Nunley Karin , Blain-Nelson Penny , Stafford Natalie M. , Stauffer Brian L. , Sucharov Carmen C. , Miyamoto Shelley D. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease is fatal without intervention, and eventual heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although there are no proven medical therapies for the treatment or prevention of heart failure in the SV heart disease population, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), such as sildenafil, are increasingly used. Although the pulmonary vasculature is the primary target of PDE5i therapy in patients with SV heart disease, the effects of PDE5i on the SV heart disease myocardium remain largely unknown. We sought to determine PDE5 expression and activity in the single right ventricle of SV heart disease patients relative to nonfailing controls and to determine whether PDE5 impacts cardiomyocyte remodeling using a novel serum-based in vitro model.

Methods and Results
PDE5 expression (n=9 nonfailing; n=7 SV heart disease), activity (n=8 nonfailing; n=9 SV heart disease), and localization (n=3 SV heart disease) were determined in explanted human right ventricle myocardium. PDE5 is expressed in SV heart disease cardiomyocytes, and PDE5 protein expression and activity are increased in SV heart disease right ventricle compared with nonfailing right ventricle. Isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were treated for 72 hours with nonfailing or SV heart disease patient serum±sildenafil. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=5 nonfailing; n=12 SV heart disease) and RNA sequencing (n=3 nonfailing; n=3 SV heart disease) were performed on serum-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and demonstrated that treatment with SV heart disease sera results in pathological gene expression changes that are attenuated with PDE5i.

Conclusions
PDE5 is increased in failing SV heart disease myocardium, and pathological gene expression changes in SV heart disease serum-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes are abrogated by PDE5i. These results suggest that PDE5 represents an intriguing myocardial therapeutic target in this population.