bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waveguide Directional Couplers
Authors: Levy Ralph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWaveguide directional couplers are widely used as power monitors in microwave systems and test equipment. An even more important set of applications makes use of the 90° phase difference between the output signals, making them ideal for antenna feed networks, and as hybrid junctions or couplers for applications in balanced mixers, duplexers, and balanced amplifiers. Their common basic properties are outlined, and the design of the most common and useful types are described, namely, multiaperture and cross‐guide couplers, sidewall and topwall hybrids, and branch‐guide couplers. Modern design techniques based on exact synthesis are emphasized.
Radio on Fiber Systems (RoF Systems)
Authors: Komaki Shozo , Tsukamoto Katsutoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe radio‐on‐fiber (RoF) system involves the synergetic use of emerging wireless and photonic technologies and has advantages of both wide‐area radio access capability and the low‐loss long‐hop transmission capability of optical fibers simultaneously. Since the RoF system directly converts the RF signal to an optical signal, this system provides universal network solutions that are independent of frequency band and air interface types. In this section, the basic configurations of the RoF system, devices, performance, and present and future applications of networking have been described.
Ultra‐Wideband Wireless Systems
Authors: Donlan Brian M. , Buehrer R. Michael , Reed Jeffery H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview of ultra‐wideband (UWB) wireless systems. System issues are discussed including modulation schemes, pulse shapes, interference issues, and channel characterization. Several communications‐ and radar‐specific implementation issues are also addressed. Much of the description is provided in the context of pulse‐based UWB or impulse radio. Furthermore, a section is dedicated to describing the role of the FCC and how current regulations are shaping UWB. The last section extends this discussion and presents several possible applications, providing examples of each.
Circuit Tuning
Authors: Schaumann Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Circuit tuning
refers to the process of adjusting the values of electronic components in a circuit to ensure that the fabricated or manufactured circuit performs to specifications. In digital circuits, where signals are switched functions in the time domain and correct operation depends largely on the active devices switching all the way between their
ON
and
OFF
states, tuning in the sense discussed in this article is rarely necessary. In analog continuous‐time circuits, however, signals are continuous functions of time and frequency so that circuit performance depends critically on the component values. Consequently, in all except the most undemanding applications with wide tolerances, correct circuit operation almost always requires some form of tuning.
Radiotelemetry
Authors: Tsou Haiping , Cheung Kar-ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadiotelemetry, by definition, is the science and technology of automatically measuring and transmitting data by radio from remote sources, as from space vehicles, to receiving stations for recording and analysis. It involves preparing of data generated at remote sources, transmitting data through radio channels, and processing data at the receiving stations. Behind these three tasks, how to convey the information in a reliable and timely manner through a communication link is the most fundamental problem in this field.
Dynamic Treatment Regimes (Updated)
Authors: Moodie Erica E.M. , Stephens David A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dynamic treatment regimes describe a class of treatments or interventions, often given sequentially, that are tailored to the clinical, demographic, and related characteristics of an individual patient at the time the treatment is selected. In this article, we introduce dynamic treatment rules and point to important data sources for estimating outcomes under alternative treatment strategies. We also briefly discuss estimation strategies and recent innovations in the field.
An Update on Individual‐Moving Range (IMR) Control Charts
Authors: Knoth Sven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the case that collecting samples with size is often not possible or sometimes not appropriate, the control chart user applies typically individual‐moving range (IMR) schemes. Here we report new results on their monitoring performance in terms of the average run length (ARL). Deploying these numerical algorithms, the IMR chart could be appropriately set up. Finally, the usefulness of adding the MR subchart is (re‐)evaluated.
Robust Statistical Monitoring of a Resistance Spot Welding Process
Authors: Capezza Christian , Centofanti Fabio , Lepore Antonio , Palumbo Biagio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Modern datasets are often contaminated with anomalous observations that can seriously decrease the performance of control charting procedures, especially in complex and high‐dimensional settings. To mitigate this issue, we show how to apply in a transparent set of steps a new general framework, named robust multivariate functional control chart (RoMFCC), for the statistical monitoring of a resistance spot welding process in the automotive industry that is robust to functional casewise and cellwise outliers. RoMFCC is implemented in the
R
package
funcharts
, available online on CRAN.
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) with Applications to Six‐Port Technology
Authors: Tatu Serioja O. , Bosisio Renato G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is a modulation technique used for sending data over radio or cable networks.This article presents in detail the QPSK principle, as well as modulators and demodulators, using the conventional approach. A new concept to modulate or demodulate a QPSK signal using the six‐port circuit at microwave/millimeter‐wave frequencies is also presented.The coherent carrier‐recovery circuit for the demodulation of QPSK signals is an important aspect to be considered. Three regeneration schemes (Costas loop, multiplication loop, and reverse‐modulation loop) are presented.The probability of error for QPSK in the presence of noise is derived using the equations of I‐ and Q‐demodulated signals.
Impact of belly board immobilization devices and body mass factor on setup displacement using daily cone‐beam CT in rectal cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Ruan Junjie , Huang Xiaotong , Wang Tong , Mai Xiuying , Lin Chuyan , Li Fanghua , Li Yunfeng , Chi Feng , Li Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different belly board and daily changes in patient's body‐mass factor (BMF) on setup displacement in radiotherapy for rectal cancer.MethodsTwenty‐five patients were immobilized using the thermoplastic mask with belly board (TM‐BB), and 30 used the vacuum bag cushion with belly board (VBC‐BB), performing daily cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans 625 times and 750 times, respectively. Daily pretreatment CBCT scans were registered to the planned CT images for BMF change determination and setup displacement measurement. Independent t‐tests compared setup displacement between the two groups in left‐right (LR), superior‐inferior (SI), and anterior‐posterior (AP) directions, as well as the BMF changes. The impact of daily BMF changes on setup displacement was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression and 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsThe setup displacement for TM‐BB in the LR, SI, and AP directions were 0.31 ± 0.25, 0.58 ± 0.40, and 0.19 ± 0.18 cm, respectively, while VBC‐BB showed 0.19 ± 0.15, 0.26 ± 0.22, and 0.36 ± 0.29 cm in the corresponding directions, respectively. Margins of planning target volume (PTV) for TM‐BB were 8, 10, and 6 mm in LR, SI, and AP directions, while VBC‐BB showed margins of 5,7, and 8 mm, respectively. The daily BMF changes for both groups were ranked in descending order as follows: sacral rotation angle (RS), hip lateral diameter (HLD), and hip anterior‐posterior diameter (HAPD). HAPD was the main factor affecting setup displacement in both the AP and SI directions in TM‐BB, while RS was the primary factor for setup displacement in the AP direction in VBC‐BB.ConclusionCompared with TM‐BB, VBC‐BB had a larger AP displacement but smaller in LR and SI displacement. Daily changes in BMF have distinct effects on setup displacement in different immobilization devices. Image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is highly recommended and BMF changes should be given consideration during radiotherapy.
Clinical use of Gafchromic EBT4 film for in vivo dosimetry for total body irradiation
Authors: Draeger Emily , Guan Fada , Lee Min‐Young , Han Dae Yup , Donahue William , Chen Zhe (Jay) 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeIn vivo dosimetry is a common requirement to validate dose accuracy/uniformity in total body irradiation (TBI). Several detectors can be used for in vivo dosimetry, including thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), diodes, ion chambers, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), and film. TLDs are well established for use in vivo but required expertise and clinical system availability may make them impractical for multifractionated TBI. OSLDs offer quick readout, but recalls have restricted their use. The purpose of this work was to validate the newly available Gafchromic EBT4 film for TBI in vivo dosimetry.MethodsFilm calibration curves were created under standard conditions (6MV/15MV, 1.5/3.0 cm depth, 100 cm source‐to‐surface distance (SSD), 10 × 10 cm2 field), and films were scanned at several time points (0.5–24 h) to determine the shortest development time that yielded accurate dose measurements. 4 × 4 cm2 films were placed under 1.5 cm thick bolus on the anterior and posterior sides of a solid water phantom to measure entrance and exit dose under TBI conditions (∼600 cm SSD, 39.5 × 39.5 cm2 field, 6 MV/15 MV). These measurements were compared to ion chamber and diode readings for validation. Film measurements were also compared to OSLD measurements for three TBI patients.ResultsThe shortest development time that resulted in accurate dosimetry and allowed for adequate physician review time was 4 h (± 4% dose accuracy). Film entrance and exit dose measurements were within ± 3.8% of ion chamber and diode readings for 6MV and 15MV beams. Patient film measurements were within ∼ ± 5% for the majority of anatomical measurement locations; however, film and OSLD readings for some anatomic locations deviated by > 10%.ConclusionsThese results indicate that EBT4 film can be utilized for accurate in vivo dosimetry for TBI patients and shows good agreement with diode and ion chamber measurements. Further investigation into film and OSLD differences was not possible due to OSLD recalls.
Highly Sensitive and Stable In Situ Acetylene Detection in Transformer Oil Using Polyimide‐Embedded Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Sihyeok , Choi Jin‐Myung , Novikov Ilya V. , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Lee Il‐hyun , Cai Liang , Yoon Jonghyuk , Lee Yeounggyu , Lee Jaehoon , Mikladal Bjorn , Kang Boseok , Kauppinen Esko I. , Lee Keekeun , Jeon Il 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents an acetylene gas sensor capable of in situ monitoring transformer oils. This sensor utilizes carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in polyimide (PI) synthesized by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. Unlike conventional sensors that target hydrocarbon gases dissolved in oil and measure the gas extracted from the oil, the proposed CNT‐PI sensor detects gas within the oil in real time. The PI embedding technique effectively anchors and shields the CNT network against fluidic damage, ensuring stable sensing performance over 6 months, even under friction stress caused by oil convection. Decorating CNTs with gold nanoparticles further enhances the sensitivity and response of the sensor. The sensor achieves a high response (10.5% at 30 ppm) and fast response/recovery times (28 s/77 s), Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates good response (10.4% at 30 ppm) and moderate response/recovery times (444 s/670 s) in an oil medium, which qualifies for industrial applications. Additionally, a CNT‐PI‐based heater is integrated into the sensor as a multilayer component, maintaining an optimal operating temperature of 90 °C. The CNT‐PI sensor demonstrates consistent gas‐sensing performance even after 10,000 bending cycles and exhibits superior characteristics, indicating its compatibility with various forms of transformers.
Unveiling the Structure‐Fluorogenic Property Relationship of Seoul‐Fluor‐Derived Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Probes
Authors: Son Hayoung , Kim Dahham , Kim Sohee , Gi Byun Wan , Bum Park Seung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTetrazine (Tz)‐embedded fluorescent probes, known for their fluorogenicity following bioorthogonal inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) reactions, are extensively used in bioimaging. Despite extensive research on fluorogenic Tz probes, there has been limited systematic exploration of their fluorogenic responses with various dienophiles. In this study, we elucidate the structure‐fluorogenic property relationship of bioorthogonal Tz probes. We synthesized a series of Seoul‐Fluor‐Tz (SFTz) probes designed to exhibit differentiated turn‐on fluorescence upon iEDDA reactions with three dienophiles: trans‐cyclooctene (TCO), bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN), and spiro[2.3]hex‐1‐ene (Sph). Our findings revealed that the fluorogenic properties of the SFTz probes are highly dependent on the structures of Tz‐dienophile adducts. By systematically modifying the electronic properties and employing quantum chemical calculations, we developed a series of SFTz probes with optimal dienophile‐dependent fluorescence. These probes enabled simultaneous dual‐color imaging of different cellular targets using a single probe, providing a robust approach for advanced bioimaging applications that require precise and efficient multicolor labeling strategies.
Organic Electrolytes for Stable and Safe Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shu , Yi Xianhui , Fan Ling , Lu Bingan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThough lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are prevalent, the scarcity and uneven distribution of lithium resources have driven the search for complementary battery technologies. Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a promising contender in this quest due to their low‐cost, abundant resources, and potentially high voltage. The frequency of battery‐related accidents in recent years has heightened concerns about battery safety. The electrolyte, as a critical component of batteries, plays a pivotal role in determining safety, as it is directly linked to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which is crucial for battery stability and security. Initially, enhancing battery safety often came at the cost of performance. However, thanks to the relentless efforts and in‐depth research, it is now possible to improve performance without compromising safety. This article provides an overview of organic electrolyte systems and introduces some state‐of‐the‐art electrolyte formulations, aiming to offer guidance on enhancing the safety and stability of PIBs.
High‐Efficiency Genome Editing in Naturally Isolated Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella Piscicida Using the CRISPR‐Cas9 System
Authors: Feng Jun , Ma Yuechao , Zhang Dunhua , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella piscicida are significant bacterial pathogens in aquaculture, causing severe diseases and tremendous economic losses worldwide. Additionally, both of them can act as opportunistic pathogens in humans, leading to severe infections. Efficient genome editing tools for these pathogens are essential for understanding their pathogenic mechanisms and physiological behaviors, enabling the development of targeted strategies to control and mitigate their effects. In this study, we adapted the CRISPR‐Cas9 system for high‐efficiency, marker‐less genome editing in multiple naturally isolated strains of these two aquaculture pathogens. We developed a streamlined procedure that successfully generated deletion mutants of the aerA gene (encoding for aerolysin, a pore‐forming toxin that plays a critical role in the pathogenicity) and the gfp insertion mutants in three naturally isolated A. hydrophila strains. Additionally, we deleted five putative hemolysin‐encoding genes in both A. hydrophila ML10‐51K and its ∆aerA derivative. The same system was also applied to the naturally isolated E. piscicida S11‐285 strain, successfully deleting the ssaV gene (a component of the Type III Secretion System—a critical virulence mechanism in many pathogenic bacteria). The methodologies developed herein could be broadly applied to other pathogenic strains from natural environments, providing valuable tools for studying bacterial pathogenesis and aiding in the development of effective control strategies.
Therapy and Outcomes of Patients with Relapsed Nonmetastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report from the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor Committee
Authors: Sevrin François , Bogart Emilie , Orbach Daniel , Le Deley Marie Cécile , Berlanga Pablo , Bernier Valérie , Corradini Nadège , Fayard Cindy , Guerin Florent , Jannier Sarah , Karanian Marie , Proust Stéphanie , Rome Angélique , Verité Cécile , Minard‐Colin Véronique , Defachelles Anne‐Sophie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prognosis for patients with relapse of localized rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor, with limited evidence for optimal second‐line therapy. This study describes the management and outcomes of relapsed RMS patients in France.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all nonmetastatic RMS patients enrolled in France in the RMS 2005 study who relapsed between 2006 and 2019 after achieving complete local control, defined as complete remission or stable residue ≥ 6 months after treatment completion. Data were extracted from the RMS 2005 database and medical records.ResultsNinety‐five patients relapsed at a median age of 6.0 years (range: 1.0–27.0). The median time from diagnosis to relapse was 17.5 months (range: 7.4–82.0). Most patients had embryonal RMS (65.3%) and local/locoregional relapses (71.6%). The first relapse treatment included chemotherapy (all except two patients), radiotherapy (52.6%), and surgery (48.4%). Second‐line chemotherapy yielded a 58.5% objective response rate after 3 ± 1 cycles. Fifty‐five patients achieved second complete remission. With a median follow‐up of 7.2 years from the first relapse (range: 0.3–11.3), 5‐year progression‐free survival was 26% (95% CI: 18–36), and 5‐year overall survival was 35% (95% CI: 25–45). Importantly, no patient survived relapse without receiving locoregional treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy).ConclusionThis study confirmed the inconsistencies in therapy and the poor prognosis for relapsed RMS but highlighted the potential for long‐term survival in patients who received surgery and/or radiotherapy, emphasizing the crucial role of achieving local control in improving outcomes at relapse.
Individualized Prediction for Risk of Recurrence in Stage I/II Melanoma Patients With Negative Sentinel Lymph Node
Authors: Chang Shu‐Ching , Lourdault Kristel , Grunkemeier Gary L. , Hanes Douglas A. , Chiu Shih‐Ting , Stern Stacey , Essner Richard 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite the favorable prognosis of AJCC stage I/II melanoma patients, up to 20%–30% will develop metastases. Our objective is to predict long‐term risk (probability) of recurrence in early‐stage melanoma patients.MethodsA Risk Score to predict long‐term recurrence was developed using Cox regression based on 2668 patients. Five clinicopathological risk factors were included. The association of the Risk Score with the risk of recurrence was evaluated using parametric models (exponential, Weibull, and Gompertz models) and compared to the Cox model using the Akaike information criterion. The discrimination of the model was measured by time‐dependent ROC analyses. A calibration curve was used to evaluate the agreement between predicted and observed recurrence probabilities.ResultsThe bootstrap adjusted C‐index was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74–0.79) overall and 0.87 (0.83–0.90) and 0.82 (0.78–0.85) at one and two years, respectively, and then remained above 0.70 up to 20 years. The Gompertz model for prediction of survival from the Risk Score showed the best performance and displayed good agreement with the Kaplan–Meier curves. The calibration curve of the Gompertz model showed a good agreement between predicted and observed 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year risk of recurrence. Population‐level analysis demonstrated a significant association of Risk Score with risk of recurrence, with 10‐year risks of recurrence of 4.5%, 13.0%, and 33.7% in the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively.ConclusionWe developed a Risk Score to predict long‐term risk of recurrence for early‐stage melanoma patients. A Gompertz survival model fit to the Risk Score allows for individualized prediction of time‐dependent recurrence risk.
‘It overshadowed everything’: Understanding working‐class clients' experiences of social class differences within the therapeutic relationship
Authors: Jones Anna Katie , Lecchi Tanya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the experiences of working‐class clients in psychological therapy. This qualitative study explores how social class differences are experienced within the therapeutic relationship by six clients from a working‐class background.Materials & MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with women in Britain who self‐identified as working‐class and had engaged in therapy with clinicians whom they perceived to be from a higher class background than themselves. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe study identified three superordinate themes: a meeting of two worlds, class in the implicit relationship and managing difference. The findings indicate that class differences have a significant impact on both the therapeutic relationship and on participants' view of themselves.DiscussionFor some, addressing social class differences helped to alleviate internalised classism and address the impact of structural oppression. However, when clients felt judged, misunderstood or perceived a lack of empathy, they began to disengage and hide parts of their experiences related to social class. As such, the findings have significant implications for how class differences within the therapeutic relationship might be addressed in psychological therapy.