bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and Quasi‐Dynamic Modeling of Injection‐Induced Earthquakes in Poroelastic Media
Authors: Pampillón Pedro , Santillán David , Mosquera Juan Carlos , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarthquake ruptures in poroelastic media involve a suite of complex phenomena arising from stick‐slip frictional instabilities and thermo‐hydromechanical couplings. In this study we propose a fully implicit, time‐adaptive, and monolithically coupled finite element model to simulate dynamic earthquake sequences in poroviscoelastic media. We consider a Kelvin‐Voigt viscoelastic material and characterize the impact of inertial effects on injection‐induced earthquakes. We present, for the first time, dynamic simulations of ruptures in rate‐and‐state faults in poroelastic media. Our simulations resolve the full earthquake cycle, including the interseismic, spontaneous earthquake nucleation, and dynamic rupture phases. We compare dynamic simulations with quasi‐dynamic ones, in which inertial effects are neglected and the slip singularity is resolved through a radiation damping approximation. Viscous dissipation models the physical process of seismic wave attenuation: As viscous damping increases, the patch size and the maximum fault slip become smaller, hence decreasing the expected earthquake magnitude. From a computational perspective, viscoelasticity helps avoid spurious high‐frequency oscillations during wave propagation. By including inertial effects, the dynamic model accounts for transient fluctuations of pressures and solid stresses during rupture, which are neglected in the quasi‐dynamic approach. Understanding these transient perturbations may shed light on the role of pore pressure in the mechanism of dynamic earthquake triggering. The poroviscoelastic dynamic approach is a good compromise between the inviscid, fully dynamic model, and the quasi‐dynamic one. A small amount of viscous damping allows us more efficient calculations, while preserving the most relevant features of dynamic ruptures, in particular slip velocities, accumulated slip, and seismic moment released.
TiO2 Solubility and Nb and Ta Partitioning in Rutile‐Silica‐Rich Supercritical Fluid Systems: Implications for Subduction Zone Processes
Authors: Chen Wei , Xiong Xiaolin , Wang Jintuan , Xue Shuo , Li Li , Liu Xingcheng , Ding Xing , Song Maoshuang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo understand Ti, Nb, and Ta mobility in supercritical fluids and Nb/Ta fractionation in subduction zones, we conducted piston cylinder experiments to determine rutile (TiO2) solubility and Nb and Ta partition coefficients (Dru/sf Nb and Dru/sf Ta) in rutile (ru)‐silica‐rich supercritical fluid (sf) systems at 1.5–2.5 GPa and 920–1150 °C over variable fluid chemistries including solute (SiO2 ± albite component), H2O, Cl, and F contents. Under the investigated conditions, TiO2 solubility in the supercritical fluids varies from 761 ± 107 to 9795 ± 448 ppm; Dru/sf Nb and Dru/sf Ta vary from 12 ± 1 to 208 ± 30 and 34 ± 5 to 2464 ± 140, respectively. Higher solute, Cl, and F contents in the systems and higher temperatures result in higher TiO2 solubilities and lower Dru/sf Nb and Dru/sf Ta, and thus, fluid chemistry and temperature exert main controls on Ti, Nb, and Ta mobility. In all cases, Dru/sf Nb/Dru/sf Ta < 0.70, suggesting that supercritical fluids released from subducting slabs are higher in Nb/Ta relative to their protoliths. Therefore, such fluids are expected to result in higher Nb/Ta ratios in mantle wedges and arc magmas. Although Ti, Nb, and Ta could be mobile in supercritical fluids, Nb/Ta ratios in primitive arc basalts compared to those in mid‐ocean ridge basalts show that only ~10% of arc basalts are possibly disturbed by solute‐rich supercritical fluids during their generation. Therefore, if the fluids released from subducting slabs are dominantly supercritical, then most of them must be stable only in narrow P‐T spaces and hence too short‐lived to ascend very far into mantle wedges.
Fas-L promotes the stem cell potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells
Authors: Solodeev Inna , Meilik Benjamin , Volovitz Ilan , Sela Meirav , Manheim Sharon , Yarkoni Shai , Zipori Dov , Gur Eyal , Shani Nir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFas-L is a TNF family member known to trigger cell death. It has recently become evident that Fas-L can transduce also non-apoptotic signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are derived from various adult tissues. Although MSCs from different tissues display common properties they also display tissue-specific characteristics. Previous works have demonstrated massive apoptosis following Fas-L treatment of bone marrow-derived MSCs both in vitro and following their administration in vivo. We therefore set to examine Fas-L-induced responses in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Human ASCs were isolated from lipoaspirates and their reactivity to Fas-L treatment was examined. ASCs responded to Fas-L by simultaneous apoptosis and proliferation, which yielded a net doubling of cell quantities and a phenotypic shift, including reduced expression of CD105 and increased expression of CD73, in association with increased bone differentiation potential. Treatment of freshly isolated ASCs led to an increase in large colony forming unit fibroblasts, likely produced by early stem cell progenitor cells. Fas-L-induced apoptosis and proliferation signaling were found to be independent as caspase inhibition attenuated Fas-L-induced apoptosis without impacting proliferation, whereas inhibition of PI3K and MEK, but not of JNK, attenuated Fas-L-dependent proliferation, but not apoptosis. Thus, Fas-L signaling in ASCs leads to their expansion and phenotypic shift toward a more potent stem cell state. We speculate that these reactions ensure the survival of ASC progenitor cells encountering Fas-L-enriched environments during tissue damage and inflammation and may also enhance ASC survival following their administration in vivo.
Controllability in an islet specific regulatory network identifies the transcriptional factor NFATC4, which regulates Type 2 Diabetes associated genes
Authors: Sharma Amitabh , Halu Arda , Decano Julius L. , Padi Megha , Liu Yang-Yu , Prasad Rashmi B. , Fadista Joao , Santolini Marc , Menche Jörg , Weiss Scott T. , Vidal Marc , Silverman Edwin K. , Aikawa Masanori , Barabási Albert-László , Groop Leif , Loscalzo Joseph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProbing the dynamic control features of biological networks represents a new frontier in capturing the dysregulated pathways in complex diseases. Here, using patient samples obtained from a pancreatic islet transplantation program, we constructed a tissue-specific gene regulatory network and used the control centrality (Cc) concept to identify the high control centrality (HiCc) pathways, which might serve as key pathobiological pathways for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We found that HiCc pathway genes were significantly enriched with modest GWAS p-values in the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) study. We identified variants regulating gene expression (expression quantitative loci, eQTL) of HiCc pathway genes in islet samples. These eQTL genes showed higher levels of differential expression compared to non-eQTL genes in low, medium, and high glucose concentrations in rat islets. Among genes with highly significant eQTL evidence, NFATC4 belonged to four HiCc pathways. We asked if the expressions of T2D-associated candidate genes from GWAS and literature are regulated by Nfatc4 in rat islets. Extensive in vitro silencing of Nfatc4 in rat islet cells displayed reduced expression of 16, and increased expression of four putative downstream T2D genes. Overall, our approach uncovers the mechanistic connection of NFATC4 with downstream targets including a previously unknown one, TCF7L2, and establishes the HiCc pathways’ relationship to T2D.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tobacco-smoking-related prevalence of methanogens in the oral fluid microbiota
Authors: Grine Ghiles , Terrer Elodie , Boualam Mahmoud Abdelwadoud , Aboudharam Gérard , Chaudet Hervé , Ruimy Raymond , Drancourt Michel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The oral fluid microbiome comprises an important bacterial diversity, yet the presence of archaea has not been reported so far. In order to quest for the presence of methanogenic archaea (methanogens) in oral fluid, we used a polyphasic approach including PCR-sequencing detection, microscopic observation by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, isolation and culture, molecular identification and genotyping of methanogens in 200 oral fluid specimens. In the presence of negative controls, 64/200 (32%) prospectively analysed oral fluid specimens were PCR-positive for methanogens, all identified as Methanobrevibacter oralis by sequencing. Further, fluorescence in-situ hybridization detected methanogens in 19/48 (39.6%) investigated specimens; with morphology suggesting M. oralis in 10 cases and co-infecting Methanobrevibacter smithii in nine cases. M. oralis was cultured from 46/64 (71.8%) PCR-positive specimens and none of PCR-negative specimens; and one M. smithii isolate was co-cultured with M. oralis in one specimen. Multispacer Sequence Typing found one M. oralis genotype per specimen and a total of five different genotypes with 19/46 (41%) of isolates all belonging to spacer-type four. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between the PCR-detection of methanogens in oral fluid and tobacco smoking. These data indicate that M. oralis and M. smithii are oral fluid-borne methanogens in tobacco smokers. Both methanogens could be transmitted during intimate contacts such as mother-to-child contacts and kissing.
Strontium ranelate promotes odonto-/osteogenic differentiation/mineralization of dental papillae cells in vitro and mineralized tissue formation of the dental pulp in vivo
Authors: Bakhit Alamuddin , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Hashimoto Kentaro , Noda Sonoko , Nara Keisuke , Kuramoto Masashi , Tazawa Kento , Okiji Takashi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effects and mechanisms of strontium ranelate (SrRn)—a drug used to treat osteoporosis—on the proliferation and differentiation/mineralization of cloned dental pulp-like cells (mouse dental papillae cells; MDPs). It also determined whether topical application of SrRn to exposed dental pulp tissue promotes the formation of mineralized tissue in vivo. The MDPs were cultured with or without SrRn, and cell proliferation, odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression, mineralized nodule formation, and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated. The formation of mineralized tissue in SrRn-treated pulp tissue in rat upper first molars was evaluated histologically. The SrRn up-regulated cell proliferation and expression of Alp (alkaline phosphatase), Bsp (bone sialoprotein), Dmp (dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein)-1, Dspp (dentin sialophosphoprotein), and Oc (osteocalcin) in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralized nodule formation was also enhanced by SrRn. NPS-2143, a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonist, and siRNA against the CaSR gene blocked SrRn-induced proliferation, odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression, and mineralized nodule formation. SrRn induced Akt phosphorylation, and this was blocked by NPS-2143. Topical application of SrRn to exposed rat molar pulps induced the formation of osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. Our study revealed for the first time that SrRn promotes proliferation and odonto-/osteogenic differentiation/mineralization of MDPs via PI3K/Akt signaling activated by CaSR in vitro; mineralized tissue forms from the dental pulp in vivo.
Chemical abundance analysis of red giant branch stars in the globular cluster E3
Authors: Monaco L. , Villanova S. , Carraro G. , Mucciarelli A. , Moni Bidin C. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Globular clusters are known to host multiple stellar populations, which are a signature of their formation process. The globular cluster E3 is one of the few low-mass globulars that is thought not to host multiple populations.
Aims. We investigate red giant branch stars in E3 with the aim of providing a first detailed chemical inventory for this cluster, we determine its radial velocity, and we provide additional insights into the possible presence of multiple populations in this cluster. Methods. We obtained high-resolution FLAMES-UVES/VLT spectra of four red giant branch stars likely members of E3. We performed a local thermodynamic equilibrium abundance analysis based on one-dimensional plane parallel ATLAS9 model atmospheres. Abundances were derived from line equivalent widths or spectrum synthesis.
Results. We measured abundances of Na and of iron peak (Fe, V, Cr, Ni, Mn), α(Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), and neutron capture elements (Y, Ba, Eu). The mean cluster heliocentric radial velocity, metallicity, and sodium abundance ratio are νhelio = 12.6 ± 0.4 km s−1(σ = 0.6 ± 0.2 km s−1), [Fe/H] = −0.89 ± 0.08 dex, and [Na/Fe] = 0.18 ± 0.07 dex, respectively. The low Na abundance with no appreciable spread is suggestive of a cluster dominated by first-generation stars in agreement with results based on lower resolution spectroscopy. The low number of stars observed does not allow us to rule out a minor population of second-generation stars. The observed chemical abundances are compatible with the trends observed in Milky Way stars.
Low-density laboratory spectra near the λ335 channel of the SDO/AIA instrument
Authors: Träbert Elmar , Beiersdorfer Peter 
Published: June 2018

Aims. For a more complete interpretation of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of the solar corona, it is beneficial to acquire laboratory data of specific chemical elements obtained under coronal conditions.
Methods. The EUV spectra of He, C, N, O, F, Ne, S, Ar, Fe, and Ni in a 30 Å wide wavelength interval near 335 have been excited in an electron beam ion trap.
Results. We observe just under 200 lines, almost half of which are not yet identified and included in spectral models.
Conclusions. Our data serve as a check on atomic databases that are used to interpret solar corona data such as collected by the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft or the EUNIS instrument on sounding rockets. Our findings largely corroborate the databases. However, the accumulated flux of a multitude of mostly weak additional lines is comparable to that of various primary lines.
Assessment of the Dynamic Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity Test
(DISST) Pre and Post Gastric bypass Surgery
Authors: Wilson John , Docherty Paul , Stubbs Richard , Chase J Geoffrey , Krebs Jeremy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective To compare the dynamic insulin secretion and sensitivity
test (DISST) with the euglycaemic clamp in individuals undergoing open
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery prior-to and one month after
surgery.
Methods Insulin sensitivity in individuals with obesity undergoing
RYGB was studied with DISST and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp.
Results Eleven participants, including nine females, mean(SD) age
51.2 (12.1) yrs, with a preoperative BMI of 48.7(9.5)kg/m2
were studied. Weight reduced from a mean (SD) of 133.8 (29.8) kg to
123.8 (28.9) kg post-surgery (p<0.001). The mean (SD) insulin
sensitivity index (ISI-DISST) was
3.07×10−4 (2.18) L.pmol−1.min−1
preoperatively and 2.36
×10−4 (0.78)L.pmol−1.min−1
postoperatively (p=0.37). The mean(SD) clamp ISI was 2.14
×10−2 (1.80) mg.L.kg−1.min−1.pmol−1
and
2.00×10−2.(0.76) mg.L.kg−1.min−1.pmol−1
postoperatively (p=0.86). Correlation between ISI-DISST and
ISI-Clamp preoperatively was r=0.81(95%CI 0.37-0.95) and
post-operatively r=0.47(95%CI 0-0.88). Bland-Altman analysis
demonstrates systematic bias between the two tests, where DISST
underestimated insulin sensitivity compared with the clamp by
0.96×10-2.mg.L.kg−1.min−1.pmol−1
(95%CI -2.24 to 0.32).
Conclusions There was a strong correlation between DISST and the
clamp preoperatively and DISST can be used to estimate insulin sensitivity
in individuals with morbid obesity. After RYGB surgery, DISST had a weaker
correlation with the clamp suggesting the fundamental physiological
determinants of insulin sensitivity being measured by each method change in
different ways with changes in glucose homeostasis following RYGB
surgery.
Pleiotropic Effect of Lipoprotein-Apheresis on the Soluble Form of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (sALCAM) in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: von Bauer Rüdiger , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Sulaj Alba , Kopf Stefan , Fleming Thomas , Rudofsky Gottfried , Nawroth Peter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Introduction/Background Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder in which several converging immune responses modulate and induce lipid accumulation in macrophages. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) has been described as a structural homologue of HDL-receptor and functions as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), while its soluble form sALCAM is involved in ALCAM-dependent and -independent immune mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aggressive removal of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp [a]) by lipoprotein-apheresis (LA) on sALCAM and blood viscosity as well as to evaluate its association with lipoproteins and serum markers of inflammation.
A comparison of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations with Former Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Telejko Beata , Kuzmicki Mariusz , Kretowska Monika Zbucka , Szamatowicz Jacek , Kretowski Adam 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed by WHO 1999 and IADPSG criteria.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study comprising 1508 women who underwent a 75-g OGTT after the 24th week of gestation at the University Hospital of Bialystok between 2004 and 2012.
Results GDM was diagnosed by WHO 1999 criteria in 486 (32.2%) patients and by IADPSG criteria in 397 (26.3%) women. Three hundred fifty five (23.5%) patients fulfilled both criteria, whereas 111 (7.4%) and 39 (2.6%) subjects met only WHO 1999 or IADPSG criteria, respectively. Isolated fasting hyperglycemia was found in 3.4% of patients fulfilling WHO 1999 criteria and in 17.6% of women who met IADPSG criteria. In total, fasting glycemic value was diagnostic in 42.8% of the participants fulfilling the new criteria. The main risk factor for GDM was family history of diabetes (OR 2.285 [95%CI: 1.772-2.945], p=0.00001). The rates of cesarean section and macrosomia were higher in the group with GDM than in the healthy women (54.7% vs 41.9% and 18.9% vs 13.9%, respectively), but the differences were not significant. Three months postpartum the disturbances of glucose tolerance were found in 21% of the patients with GDM.
Conclusions The introduction of the IADPS criteria did not increase the prevalence of GDM, but increased the number of patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Twelve weeks postpartum the patients with prior GDM had significantly higher post-load glucose levels than the healthy women.
Regioselective Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Anilines
Authors: Leitch Jamie , Frost Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Anilines are a vital synthetic core of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products and building blocks. Metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization has emerged as a powerful tool to derivatize biologically relevant molecules. To this end, the derivation of anilines via catalytic C–H functionalization has been the subject of important new synthetic methodology. This review focuses on the tactics used to allow regioselective C–H functionalization of anilines.1	Introduction2	ortho-Selective C–H Functionalization2.1	Palladium2.2	Rhodium2.3	Ruthenium2.4	Nickel3	meta-Selective C–H Functionalization4	para-Selective C–H Functionalization5	Conclusion
Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Silver-Coated Foam Dressings in Open Wound Treatment in Dogs: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Nolff Mirja , Albert Rebecca 
Published: June 2018

Objectives To evaluate negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for treatment of complicated wounds in dogs.
Study Type Prospective randomized clinical study
Materials and Methods Dogs (n = 26) undergoing open-wound treatment were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A (n = 13) NPWT; Group B (n = 13) silver-coated foam dressing. Pairs of patients were matched based on wound conformation, localization, and underlying cause and compared in terms of duration of previous treatment, development of wound size (wound planimetry), time to closure, bacterial bio-burden and complications. Wound dressing changes were performed every 3 days during the first 9 days of therapy for both groups. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results Pre-treatment signalment and bacterial status were comparable between groups. Total time to closure was significantly (p = 0.018) shorter in Group A (14.2 days) compared with Group B (28.6 days), and wound planimetry on days 3, 6 and 9 showed significant greater reduction in total wound area for Group A at all-time points (p < 0.05). Furthermore, wounds in Group A showed less progression of local infection than did wounds in Group B (p = 0.01).
Conclusion NPWT-treated wounds showed faster closure, improved macro-deformation and less local signs of infection.
Management of Primary Tectal Plate Low-Grade Glioma in Pediatric Patients: Results of the Multicenter Treatment Study SIOP-LGG 2004
Authors: Kaufmann Ariane , Gerber Nicolas , Kandels Daniela , Azizi Amedeo , Schmidt Rene , Warmuth-Metz Monika , Pietsch Torsten , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter , Gnekow Astrid , Grotzer Michael 
Published: June 2018

Background Tectal plate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) most often present with increased intracranial pressure and sometimes as incidental findings from brain imaging. Prognostic factors predicting outcome are largely unknown.
Methods From 2004 until 2012, 71 patients with tectal plate LGG from Germany and Switzerland were followed within the SIOP-LGG 2004 study. Median age at diagnosis was 9.7 (range: 0.1–17.5) years, and median follow-up time of surviving patients was 6.3 (interquartile range: 4.9–8.3) years.
Results A total of 41 out of 71 patients received no tumor treatment (12 with and 29 without biopsy). The 10-year event-free survival (EFS) rate (± standard error ) for patients with an initial tumor volume of ≤3 cm3 was 56% (±7%), as opposed to 12% (±8%) for those with tumors >3 cm3 (p < 0.001). The 10-year EFS for patients without contrast enhancement on initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 52% (±9%), and for those with enhancement, it was 23% (±9%) (p = 0.003). The 10-year overall survival rate was 96% (±3%) (death due to disease, 1; ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection, 1). Sixty-three (89%) patients had at least one cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure.
Conclusions More than half of patients were managed without tumor treatment. Favorable prognostic factors for EFS were small initial tumor volume (≤3cm3) and the absence of initial contrast enhancement on MRI. Overall survival was excellent.
Botulinum Toxin A for Spastic Trismus Due to Brain Stem Encephalitis in a Pediatric Intensive Care Setting: A Unique Case Report
Authors: Kobal Fadi , Baqer Ayyoub , Shanthini Singaram Jai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInjection of botulinum toxin A to masseter and temporalis muscles improved mouth opening and facilitated suction and oral care in a child with spastic trismus. This is the first such report in a 3.5-year-old child on mechanical ventilator in pediatric intensive care unit setting.