bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Cost (Early and Long-Term)
Authors: Bice Thomas , Carson Shannon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCosts of care in the intensive care unit are a frequent area of concern in our current health care system. Utilization of critical care services in the United States, particularly near the end of life, has been steadily increasing and will continue to do so. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and important complication of critical illness. Patients with ARDS frequently experience prolonged hospitalizations and consume significant health care resources. Many patients are discharged with functional limitations and require significant postdischarge services. These patients have a high susceptibility to new complications which require significant additional health care resources. There is a slowly growing literature on the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of ARDS; despite its high costs, treatment remains a cost-effective intervention by most societal standards. However, when ARDS leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation, treatment may become less cost-effective. In addition, the provision of extracorporeal life support adds another layer of complexity to these cases. Small reductions in intensive care unit length of stay may benefit patients, but they do not lead to significant reductions in overall hospital costs. Early discharge to postacute care facilities can reduce hospital costs but is unlikely to significantly decrease costs for an entire episode of illness. Improved effectiveness of communication between clinicians and patients or their surrogates could help avoid costly interventions with poor expected outcomes. However, the most significant cost-saving interventions are early recognition and treatment of conditions to potentially prevent the development of this serious complication.
Evaluating the Effects of Fibrinogen αC Mutations on the Ability of Factor XIII to Crosslink the Reactive αC Glutamines (Q237, Q328, Q366)
Authors: Mouapi Kelly Njine , Wagner Lucille J. , Stephens Chad A. , Hindi Mohammed M. , Wilkey Daniel W. , Merchant Michael L. , Maurer Muriel C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFibrinogen (Fbg) levels and extent of fibrin polymerization have been associated with various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, and coagulation disorders. Activated factor XIII (FXIIIa) introduces γ-glutamyl-ε-lysinyl isopeptide bonds between reactive glutamines and lysines in the fibrin network to form a blood clot resistant to fibrinolysis. FXIIIa crosslinks the γ-chains and at multiple sites in the αC region of Fbg. Fbg αC contains a FXIII binding site involving αC (389–402) that is located near three glutamines whose reactivities rank Q237 >> Q366 ≈ Q328. Mass spectrometry and two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance assays were used to probe the anchoring role that αC E396 may play in controlling FXIII function and characterize the effects of Q237 on the reactivities of Q328 and Q366. Studies with αC (233–425) revealed that the E396A mutation does not prevent the transglutaminase function of FXIII A2 or A2B2. Other residues must play a compensatory role in targeting FXIII to αC. Unlike full Fbg, Fbg αC (233–425) did not promote thrombin cleavage of FXIII, an event contributing to activation. With the αC (233–425) E396A mutant, Q237 exhibited slower reactivities compared with αC wild-type (WT) consistent with difficulties in directing this N-terminal segment toward an anchored FXIII interacting at a weaker binding region. Q328 and Q366 became less reactive when Q237 was replaced with inactive N237. Q237 crosslinking is proposed to promote targeting of Q328 and Q366 to the FXIII active site. FXIII thus uses Fbg αC anchoring sites and distinct Q environments to regulate substrate specificity.
Bronchial Fistula and Pneumomediastinum after EBUS-TBNA Following Mediastinoscopy
Authors: Bougioukas Ioannis , Seipelt Ralf , Huwer Hanno 
Published: May 2019

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a very useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. It is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications.
Case Description We report a case of bronchial fistula and pneumomediastinum after EBUS-TBNA, which was performed shortly after a mediastinoscopy. Due to the extent of the bronchial lesion, a surgical closure of the bronchial fistula was necessary. The patient recovered completely.
Conclusion The performance of EBUS-TBNA shortly after a mediastinoscopy should not be recommended to avoid possible procedure-related complications.
Psychosomatische Aspekte von
Gleichgewichtsstörungen
Authors: Jäger Burkard , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Henniger Stefan Martin 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungBei den meisten Patienten mit Schwindelsymptomatik findet sich primär keine
eindeutige organische Ursache. Häufiger liegen dem Schwindel psychische
Störungen zugrunde oder der somatische Schwindel ist durch zusätzliche
psychische Symptome überlagert. Eine frühe Beteiligung der psychosomatischen
Medizin ist daher in vielen Fällen sinnvoll.
Changes in body position on the bike during seated sprint cycling: Applications to bike fitting
Authors: Bini Rodrigo , Daly Luke , Kingsley Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDynamic bike fitting often includes the optimisation of lower limb joint kinematics while participants undertake sub‐maximal intensity cycling; however, this practice might not be appropriate for sprint cycling. This study aimed to determine if trained cyclists maintain lower limb angles, defined during dynamic sub‐maximal bike fitting, while completing seated sprint cycling. Fifteen competitive cyclists completed two testing sessions. Dynamic bike fitting was undertaken during the first session, where handlebar positions were identified to produce pre‐determined hip flexion angles (70°–110°) during sub‐maximal cycling using an inertial‐based motion tracking system. In the second session, full body kinematics were determined during two 6‐s sprints performed at each of the pre‐determined handlebar positions. During sprinting, measured right hip angles were only different at 110°, when compared with 90° (p < 0.01, d = 0.95), and 80° (p < 0.01, d = 1.49). For the left leg, measured hip angles differed between 110° vs. 90° (p < 0.01, d = 1.52), 110° vs. 80° (p < 0.01, d = 2.09), and 100° vs. 80° (p = 0.04, d = 1.06). Even though changes in bike configuration resulted in 10° increments of hip flexion during dynamic sub‐maximal bike fitting, these hip angles were not replicated during sprinting. Therefore, dynamic sub‐maximal bike fitting leading to changes in handlebar positions that produce hip angles of 80°–100° might not influence cycling performance due to acute changes in the body position of cyclists on the bicycle during a sprint.
Short‐time high‐intensity exercise increases peripheral BDNF in a physical fitness‐dependent way in healthy men
Authors: Antunes Barbara Moura , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , Teixeira Ana Maria , Lira Fábio Santos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBDNF is associated with brain health and positively modulated by exercise; however, the influence of physical fitness status on BDNF is incipient. This study investigated the BDNF response after acute‐exercise sessions performed at low, moderate, and high intensities and the relationship between physical fitness status and BDNF response. Twenty‐eight men, divided according to physical fitness status (<50th or >50th percentile for VO2max), performed three randomised acute exercise sessions at low (90% of VT1), moderate (midpoint between VT1‐VT2), and high (midpoint between VT2‐Wmax) intensities until exhaustion or for up to 60 min. Lactate and BDNF were determined pre and post‐exercises. For BDNF, there were main effects of time (p = 0.003) and interaction (p < 0.001), showing an increase post high‐intensity exercise (p < 0.001). Changes in BDNF presented differences between conditions (p < 0.001) with greater increase in high‐intensity compared with the others (p = 0.003). For lactate, there were main effects of time (p < 0.001), condition (p < 0.001), and interaction (p < 0.001) with greater concentration in high‐intensity. High‐intensity exercise exhibited inverse correlation between the changes in BDNF and lactate (r=−0.38, p = 0.044). There was significant correlation between BDNF and VO2max for moderate (r = −0.57, p = 0.002) and a trend for high‐intensity condition (r = −0.37, p = 0.050) and when evaluating BDNF according to physical fitness level, it was observed that subjects with lower physical fitness levels had greater increases in BDNF in short‐time high‐intensity exercise (p = 0.041). In conclusion, short‐time high‐intensity exercise seems to be more efficient in increasing BDNF concentration, and physical fitness level influences this response, as healthy individuals with lower physical fitness levels were more responsive.
The effect of body size on countermovement jump kinetics in children aged 7–11 years
Authors: Jones Christopher Mark , McNarry Melitta Anne , Owen Nick John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose this study was to examine the effect of body size on countermovement jump (CMJ) kinetics in children. Participants (n = 160) aged 7–11 years, divided equally by sex and into primary school year groups (years 3, 4, 5 and 6), each performed one CMJ on a force platform. The variables bodyweight (BW), peak force (Fmax), in‐jump minimum force (IMF), in‐jump vertical force range (IFR) and basic rate of force development (BRFD) were attained from the force‐time history and then subsequently scaled to account for body size. A significant age, sex and interaction effect were found for the absolute variables BW, IMF, Fmax and IFR (P < 0.05) between school year groups 3 and 4 against year's 5 and 6. Simple main effects highlighted no significant sex differences between the boys and girls for all variables (P > 0.05). No significant age or sex differences were observed for normalised or allometrically scaled values (P > 0.05). The results indicate that girls and boys can be grouped together but that body size must be accounted for to enable accurate conclusions to be drawn independent of growth. Body size significantly effects the representation of CMJ kinetic results and therefore, future studies should report both absolute and scaled values. Future research should develop an age‐appropriate criterion method for children in order to determine processed CMJ variables to further investigate the neuromuscular performance of children.
Comparing Composite Scores for the ANAM4 TBI-MIL for Research in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Iverson Grant L , Ivins Brian J , Karr Justin E , Crane Paul K , Lange Rael T , Cole Wesley R , Silverberg Noah D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Version 4) Traumatic Brain Injury Military (ANAM4 TBI-MIL) is commonly administered among U.S. service members both pre-deployment and following TBI. The current study used the ANAM4 TBI-MIL to develop a cognition summary score for TBI research and clinical trials, comparing eight composite scores based on their distributions and sensitivity/specificity when differentiating between service members with and without mild TBI (MTBI).

Method
Male service members with MTBI (n = 56; Mdn = 11 days-since-injury) or no self-reported TBI history (n = 733) completed eight ANAM4 TBI-MIL tests. Their throughput scores (correct responses/minute) were used to calculate eight composite scores: the overall test battery mean (OTBM); global deficit score (GDS); neuropsychological deficit score-weighted (NDS-W); low score composite (LSC); number of scores &lt;50th, ≤16th percentile, or ≤5th percentile; and the ANAM Composite Score (ACS).

Results
The OTBM and ACS were normally distributed. Other composites had skewed, zero-inflated distributions (62.9% had GDS = 0). All composites differed significantly between participants with and without MTBI (p &lt; .001), with deficit scores showing the largest effect sizes (d = 1.32–1.47). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was lowest for number of scores ≤5th percentile (AUC = 0.653) and highest for the LSC, OTBM, ACS, and NDS-W (AUC = 0.709–0.713).

Conclusions
The ANAM4 TBI-MIL has no well-validated composite score. The current study examined multiple candidate composite scores, finding that deficit scores showed larger group differences than the OTBM, but similar AUC values. The deficit scores were highly correlated. Future studies are needed to determine whether these scores show less redundancy among participants with more severe TBIs.
International Legal Scholarship and the Challenge of Digitalization
Authors: Altwicker Tilmann 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper argues that digitalization primarily presents a methodological challenge for international legal scholarship. Three developments are relevant in this context: the datafication of law, computerized information retrieval, and the differentiation of legal knowledge. International legal scholarship has benefited from treating legal texts, legal relationships as well as legal interactions and decision-making “as data”. Typically, quantitative methods used on this data include text mining, network analysis, cluster analysis, and regression analysis. While data-driven scholarship cannot replace a hermeneutic approach to international law, it is likely to change the dimensionality of legal research, require adaptations of the law school curriculum, and enhance the interdisciplinary connectivity of international legal scholarship.
Technique and outcomes of 79 consecutive uniportal video-assisted sleeve lobectomies
Authors: Soultanis Konstantinos Marios , Chen Chao Ma , Chen Jian , Wu Liang , Yang Chenlu , Gonzalez-Rivas Diego , Abu Akar Firas , Jiang Gening , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESUniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is well accepted by surgeons for anatomical major lung resections. However, large series evaluating the results, safety and efficacy of the technique for sleeve resections are still lacking. The aim of this study was to examine our experience with the use of uniportal VATS for sleeve resections.METHODSFrom September 2014 to January 2018, a total of 79 consecutive patients were offered uniportal VATS sleeve resection for centrally located tumours invading the orifice of the lobar bronchus or extending into the main stem bronchus by a single surgical team of the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. Perioperative data were collected and analysed. Survival data were collected via telephone calls.RESULTSSixty-six of the 79 patients had a diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer, 47 of whom had squamous cell carcinoma. Twenty-one of the group with non-small-cell carcinoma were already at an advanced stage (III, IV) when operated on. The mean number of lymph node stations dissected was 5.5 ± 0.97 (4–8) and that of lymph nodes harvested was 13.7 ± 3.7 (5–23). A right upper lobectomy was the most common and time-consuming procedure. There was 1 conversion to a thoracotomy due to bleeding. No anastomotic-related complications were noted. The mean length of stay was 5.14 ± 1.56 (2–11) days. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 98% and 80%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSUniportal VATS sleeve resection is a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of centrally located tumours otherwise requiring a pneumonectomy.
Optimal Design of a Forest-Based Biomass Supply Chain Based on the Decision maker’s Viewpoint Towards Risk
Authors: Akhtari Shaghaygh , Sowlati Taraneh , Griess Verena C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Economic viability is one of the main considerations in bioenergy and biofuel projects and is impacted by uncertainty in biomass availability, cost, and quality, and bioenergy and biofuel demand and prices. One important aspect of decisionmaking under uncertainty is the viewpoint of the decision maker towards risk, which is overlooked in the biomass supply chain management literature. In this paper, we address this gap by evaluating alternative supply chain designs taking into account uncertain future conditions resulting from changes in biomass availability and cost, and bioproduct and energy prices. Three decision rules, maximax, minimax regret, and maximin, representing, respectively, optimistic, opportunistic, and pessimistic perspectives, are used for evaluation. It is assumed that the decision maker has knowledge about the potential future events, but the likelihood of their occurrence is unknown. According to the results of the case study, investment in bioenergy and biofuel conversion facilities was recommended based on optimistic and opportunistic viewpoints. Production of both bienergy and biofuels would not be profitable under pessimistic conditions. Therefore, investment in only bienergy facilities was prescribed under pessimistic conditions.
Patterns of drinking alcohol and intentions to binge drink among medical students in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , White Katherine M , Sendall Marguerite C , Young Ross McD 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Alcohol use is common among Vietnamese students. Previous qualitative findings showed Vietnamese medical students believed they were not binge drinkers while reporting many binge drinking occasions they participated in or witnessed. This dichotomy warrants examination. This study aims to establish drinking patterns and examine the factors underlying Vietnamese medical students’ binge drinking intention and behaviour. This study used a prospective-correlational design, with two waves of data collection, drawing from established health behaviour models. At Time 1, 206 students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the standard Theory of Planned Behaviour measures (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) and their underlying beliefs, as well as group norm, role identity, drinking culture and past binge drinking behaviour. At Time 2, 156 medical students reported their binge drinking behaviour 2 weeks later. Only 6.8% of participants were classified as problematic drinkers and few participants reported binge drinking occasions at the 2-week follow-up. Perceived behavioural control, friends’ group norms, role identity as future doctors, and past behaviour significantly predicted binge drinking intentions and key beliefs were identified. This study indicated Vietnamese medical students’ limited engagement with binge drinking and identified key factors to address for those with risky drinking behaviour intentions.
Why the Static Allometry of Sexually-Selected Traits Is So Variable: The Importance of Function
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael Lucas , Eberhard William G 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSexually-selected traits often show positive static allometry, with large individuals bearing disproportionately large structures. But many other sexually-selected traits show isometry or even negative allometry, with trait size varying relatively little with body size. We recently proposed that the functions of these traits (as aggressive signals, weapons, courtship signals, and contact courtship devices) determine their allometries. Positive allometry is generally favored for aggressive signals because aggressive signals are selected to emphasize body size (and thus fighting prowess). In contrast, the biomechanics of force application in weapons only sometimes select for positive allometry; the content of courtship signals is even less often related to body size; and contact courtship devices are selected to be relatively invariant across body sizes. Here we summarize the arguments in favor of this “functional allometry” hypothesis and expand a comparative test of its predictions. Our results indicate that sexual traits have the allometric slopes predicted by our hypothesis, regardless of which body part bears the structure.
Fourth Moment Structure of Markov Switching Multivariate GARCH Models
Authors: Cavicchioli Maddalena 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We derive sufficient conditions for the existence of second and fourth moments of Markov switching multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic processes in the general vector specification. We provide matrix expressions in closed form for such moments, which are obtained by using a Markov switching vector autoregressive moving-average representation of the initial process. These expressions are shown to be readily programmable in addition of greatly reducing the computational cost. As theoretical applications of the results, we derive the spectral density matrix of the squares and cross products, propose a new definition of multivariate kurtosis measure to recognize heavy-tailed features in financial real data, and provide a matrix expression in closed form of the impulse-response function for the volatility. An empirical example illustrates the results.
Late Pleistocene climate change and population dynamics of Japanese Myodes voles inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences
Authors: Honda Asuka , Murakami Shota , Harada Masashi , Tsuchiya Kimiyuki , Kinoshita Gohta , Suzuki Hitoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Japanese archipelago is comprised of four main islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—which contain high mountainous areas that likely allowed for lineage differentiation and population genetic structuring during the climatic changes of the late Pleistocene. Here, we assess the historical background of the evolutionary dynamics of herbivorous red-backed voles (Myodes) in Japan, examining the evolutionary trends of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) sequence variation. Four apparent signals from rapid expansion events were detected in three species, M. rufocanus and M. rutilus from Hokkaido and M. smithii from central Honshu. Taken together with results from previous studies on Japanese wood mice (Apodemus spp.), three of the expansion events were considered to be associated with predicted bottleneck events at the marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 period, in which glaciers are thought to have expanded extensively, especially at higher elevations. In the late Pleistocene, the possible candidates are transitions MIS 6/5, MIS 4/3, and MIS 2/1, which can be characterized by the cold periods of the penultimate glacial maximum, MIS 4, and the last glacial maximum, respectively. Our data further reveal the genetic footprints of repeated range expansion and contraction in the northern and southern lineages of the vole species currently found in central Honshu, namely M. andersoni and M. smithii, in response to climatic oscillation during the late Pleistocene. The time-dependent evolutionary rates of the mitochondrial Cytb presented here would provide a possible way for assessing population dynamics of cricetid rodents responding to the late Pleistocene environmental fluctuation.
Compassionate Use of Letermovir in a 2-Year-Old Immunocompromised Child With Resistant Cytomegalovirus Disease
Authors: Pérez Marín Maria , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Andre Pascal , Buclin Thierry , Mercier Thomas , Murray Kristina , Rizzi Mattia , Meylan Pascal , Jaton-Ogay Katia , Opota Onya , Gengler Carole , Perez Marie-Hélène , Natterer Julia , Asner Sandra Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Little information on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of letermovir among immunocompromised children is currently available. We describe here the use of letermovir in a 2-year-old immunocompromised child with ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus disease who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Detailed information on therapeutic-drug-monitoring measures and dosage adjustments for letermovir is provided.