bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GeV Emission in the Region of HESS J1809−193 and HESS J1813−178: Is HESS J1809−193 a Proton Pevatron?
Authors: Araya Miguel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
HESS J1809−193 is an unidentified TeV source discovered by the High Energy Stereoscopic System and originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidate associated with the pulsar PSR J1809−1917. However, a recent study of deep radio observations and the interstellar medium near the source has found evidence for a hadronic scenario for the gamma-rays. Here, a detailed study of the GeV emission in the region using data from the Fermi-LAT is presented. The GeV emission has an extended morphology in the region of the TeV emission and the overall spectrum can be accounted for by a cosmic-ray population having a simple power-law spectrum with energies extending up to 1 PeV. However, the spectrum at tens of TeV should be observed more deeply in the future to confirm its hadronic nature, and other scenarios involving combinations of leptonic and hadronic emission from several of the known supernova remnants in the region cannot be ruled out. The nearby TeV source HESS J1813−178, thought to be a PWN, is also studied in detail at GeV energies and we find a region of significant emission that is much more extended than the TeV emission and whose spectrum is softer than expected from a PWN but similar to those seen in several star-forming regions that are believed to accelerate protons. There is marginal evidence for a GeV point source at the location of the X-ray PWN, beside the extended emission.
X-Ray Properties of AGN in Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I. A Systematic Study of the Chandra Archive in the 0.2 < z < 0.3 and 0.55 < z < 0.75 Redshift Range
Authors: Yang Lilan , Tozzi Paolo , Yu Heng , Lusso Elisabeta , Gaspari Massimo , Gilli Roberto , Nardini Emanuele , Risaliti Guido 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present a search for nuclear X-ray emission in the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) of a sample of groups and clusters of galaxies extracted from the Chandra archive. The exquisite angular resolution of Chandra allows us to obtain robust photometry at the position of the BCG, and to firmly identify unresolved X-ray emission when present, thanks to an accurate characterization of the extended emission at the BCG position. We consider two redshift bins (0.2 < z < 0.3 and 0.55 < z < 0.75) and analyze all the clusters observed by Chandra with exposure time larger than 20 ks. Our samples have 81 BCGs in 73 clusters and 51 BCGs in 49 clusters in the low- and high-redshift bins, respectively. X-ray emission in the soft (0.5–2 keV) or hard (2–7 keV) band is detected only in 14 and 9 BCGs (∼18% of the total samples), respectively. The X-ray photometry shows that at least half of the BCGs have a high hardness ratio, compatible with significant intrinsic absorption. This is confirmed by the spectral analysis with a power-law model plus intrinsic absorption. We compute the fraction of X-ray bright BCGs above a given hard X-ray luminosity, considering only sources with positive photometry in the hard band (12/5 sources in the low/high-z sample).
Detecting Solar-like Oscillations in Red Giants with Deep Learning
Authors: Hon Marc , Stello Dennis , Zinn Joel C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Time-resolved photometry of tens of thousands of red giant stars from space missions like Kepler and K2 has created the need for automated asteroseismic analysis methods. The first and most fundamental step in such analysis is to identify which stars show oscillations. It is critical that this step be performed with no, or little, detection bias, particularly when performing subsequent ensemble analyses that aim to compare the properties of observed stellar populations with those from galactic models. However, an efficient, automated solution to this initial detection step still has not been found, meaning that expert visual inspection of data from each star is required to obtain the highest level of detections. Hence, to mimic how an expert eye analyzes the data, we use supervised deep learning to not only detect oscillations in red giants, but also to predict the location of the frequency at maximum power, ν
max, by observing features in 2D images of power spectra. By training on Kepler data, we benchmark our deep-learning classifier against K2 data that are given detections by the expert eye, achieving a detection accuracy of 98% on K2 Campaign 6 stars and a detection accuracy of 99% on K2 Campaign 3 stars. We further find that the estimated uncertainty of our deep-learning-based ν
max predictions is about 5%. This is comparable to human-level performance using visual inspection. When examining outliers, we find that the deep-learning results are more likely to provide robust ν
max estimates than the classical model-fitting method.
Invocations antagonistes : les atmosphères condensées de l’artiste Jonathan Meese
Authors: Le Calvé Maxime 
Published: May 2018

Résumé L’artiste contemporain allemand Jonathan Meese fait entrer dans ses performances des atmosphères contradictoires : il y paraît à la fois comme « dictateur » de l’art et « enfant » créateur. Les figures dont il use pour tisser son propre personnage sont empreintes de forces idéologiques antagonistes (voir Dumont). Son action peut être décrite avec les outils d’une anthropologie du rituel centrée sur la performance : la condensation observée fait émerger une « puissance d’art » prêtant à la dévotion – cette force déplace les points de vue de son public.
Tenir une promesse électorale sans la mettre en œuvre
Authors: Deront Eva , Evrard Aurélien , Persico Simon 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Cet article analyse la (non-)mise en œuvre d’un engagement électoral : fermer la centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim dans la durée du mandat de François Hollande. Cette étude de cas permet d’affiner l’hypothèse centrale de ce numéro spécial, selon laquelle le respect des promesses dépendrait de la capacité et des motivations des dirigeants à tenir parole, et défend deux arguments centraux. Premièrement, la nature de la promesse et les conditions de sa formulation sont déterminantes pour cerner les logiques de sa réalisation. Deuxièmement, les acteurs politiques peuvent « faire varier » leur capacité à tenir promesse. Si le pouvoir exécutif s’est rapidement trouvé face à des contraintes sectorielles qu’il n’avait pas anticipées, il a su en faire usage pour justifier la reformulation et le report d’une promesse adoptée à contrecœur.
Novitates Gabonenses 87 – A new <i>Urobotrya</i> from Gabon
Authors: Jongkind Carel 
Published: May 2018

Background: Previously unidentified herbarium material from tropical West and Central Africa was selected for renewed study.Objectives: To assess the possibility that this material included undescribed species.Methods: Seeds were separated from dried or pickled fruits to compare the shape of the endocarp and surface patterning.Results: Previously unidentified herbarium material from Gabon is recognised and illustrated as the new species Urobotrya gabonensis.Conclusions: This new species adds one more endemic species to the already rich flora of Gabon.
Evaluation of antenatal rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa
Authors: Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P. , Moodley Pravi , Sartorius Benn , Drain Paul K. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: South African guidelines recommend two rapid tests for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the serial HIV testing algorithm, but the accuracy and compliance to this algorithm is unknown in rural clinics. We evaluated the accuracy of HIV rapid testing and the time to receiving test results among pregnant women in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Method: We observed the accuracy of rapid HIV testing algorithms for 208 consenting antenatal patients accessing voluntary HIV testing services in nine rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in KZN. A PHC-based HIV counsellor obtained finger-prick whole blood from each participant to perform rapid testing using the Advanced Quality™ One Step anti-HIV (1&2) and/or ABON™ HIV 1/2/O Tri-Line HIV test. A research nurse obtained venous blood for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV test, which is the gold standard diagnostic test. We recorded the time of receipt of HIV test results for each test.Results: Among 208 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years, 72 women from nine rural PHC clinics were identified as HIV-positive by two rapid tests with an HIV-prevalence of 35% (95% Bayesian credibility intervals [BCI]: 28% – 41%). Of the 208 patients, 135 patients from six clinics were tested with the serial HIV testing algorithm. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for the 135 participants were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93% – 100%) and 99% (CI: 95% – 100%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were estimated at 98% (CI: 94% – 100%) and 95% (CI: 88% – 99%), respectively. All women received their HIV rapid test results within 20 min of testing. Test stock-out resulted in poor test availability at point-of-care, preventing performance of a second HIV test in three out of nine PHC clinics in rural KZN.Conclusion: Despite the poor compliance with national guidelines for HIV rapid testing services, HIV rapid test results provided to pregnant women in rural PHC clinics in KZN were generally accurate and timely. Test stock-out was shown to be one of the barriers to test availability in rural PHC clinics, resulting in poor compliance with guidelines. We recommend a compulsory confirmation HIV rapid test for all HIV-negative test results obtained from pregnant patients in rural and resource-limited settings.
Professional Learning Experiences in a Field‐Based Course: Student Perceptions and Preferences
Authors: Yates Thomas , Hodgson Kyle 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Participants in this study placed high value in the professional learning experiences.
The job market can quickly impact student perception of professional learning experiences.
Professional learning experiences can give students a good sense of related careers.
Timing and site location can impact student preferences for field course experiences.
Two professional learning experiences were added to an existing field‐based soil science course. Including relevant professional learning experiences in field‐based courses for non‐soil science majors can provide the opportunity for these students to apply soil science skills and knowledge in the context of the profession most relevant to their area of study. As participation of government and industry requires additional logistics and resources, it is important to assess the added value to the student experience. Using an online survey, data was collected over 4 years. Students most preferred the professional–government (Pgv) learning experience followed by the academic experience (Acm) and the professional–industry (Pid) experience (55, 31, and 14%, respectively). Students perceived the Pgv experience as most relevant to their future career plans, followed by the Pid and Acm experiences (41, 32, and 27%, respectively). Student comments indicated that they valued both Pgv and Pid experiences for their authenticity. Yearly variation in the results indicated that the Pid experience was least preferred and considered least relevant to career plans in 2014 and 2015, coinciding with a crash in crude oil prices and economic downturn in western Canada. Inclusion of professional learning experiences added considerable value to the student experience, but student preferences and perceptions of these experiences can be altered by relevant employment market and economic forces.
History Comes Alive
Authors: Rymsza-Pawlowska M. J. 
Published: May 2018

During the 1976 Bicentennial celebration, millions of Americans engaged with the past in brand-new ways. They became absorbed by historical miniseries like Roots, visited museums with new exhibits that immersed them in the past, propelled works of historical fiction onto the bestseller list, and participated in living history events across the nation. While many of these activities were sparked by the Bicentennial, M. J. Rymsza-Pawlowska shows that, in fact, they were symptomatic of a fundamental shift in Americans’ relationship to history during the 1960s and 1970s.
For the majority of the twentieth century, Americans thought of the past as foundational to, but separate from, the present, and they learned and thought about history in informational terms. But Rymsza-Pawlowska argues that the popular culture of the 1970s reflected an emerging desire to engage and enact the past on a more emotional level: to consider the feelings and motivations of historic individuals and, most importantly, to use this in reevaluating both the past and the present. This thought-provoking book charts the era’s shifting feeling for history, and explores how it serves as a foundation for the experience and practice of history making today.
The Power and Politics of Art in Postrevolutionary Mexico
Authors: Smith Stephanie J. 
Published: May 2018

Stephanie J. Smith brings Mexican politics and art together, chronicling the turbulent relations between radical artists and the postrevolutionary Mexican state. The revolution opened space for new political ideas, but by the late 1920s many government officials argued that consolidating the nation required coercive measures toward dissenters. While artists and intellectuals, some of them professed Communists, sought free expression in matters both artistic and political, Smith reveals how they simultaneously learned the fine art of negotiation with the increasingly authoritarian government in order to secure clout and financial patronage. But the government, Smith shows, also had reason to accommodate artists, and a surprising and volatile interdependence grew between the artists and the politicians.
Involving well-known artists such as Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, and David Alfaro Siqueiros, as well as some less well known, including Tina Modotti, Leopoldo Méndez, and Aurora Reyes, politicians began to appropriate the artists’ nationalistic visual images as weapons in a national propaganda war. High-stakes negotiating and co-opting took place between the two camps as they sparred over the production of generally accepted notions and representations of the revolution’s legacy—and what it meant to be authentically Mexican.
Characterization of atmospheric bioaerosols along the transport pathway of Asian dust during the Dust-Bioaerosol 2016 Campaign
Authors: Tang Kai , Huang Zhongwei , Huang Jianping , Maki Teruya , Zhang Shuang , Shimizu Atsushi , Ma Xiaojun , Shi Jinsen , Bi Jianrong , Zhou Tian , Wang Guoyin , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that bioaerosols are injected into the atmosphere during dust events. These bioaerosols may affect leeward ecosystems, human health, and agricultural productivity and may even induce climate change. However, bioaerosol dynamics have rarely been investigated along the transport pathway of Asian dust, especially in China where dust events affect huge areas and massive numbers of people. Given this situation, the Dust-Bioaerosol (DuBi) Campaign was carried out over northern China, and the effects of dust events on the amount and diversity of bioaerosols were investigated. The results indicate that the number of bacteria showed remarkable increases during the dust events, and the diversity of the bacterial communities also increased significantly, as determined by means of microscopic observations with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and MiSeq sequencing analysis. These results indicate that dust clouds can carry many bacteria of various types into downwind regions and may have potentially important impacts on ecological environments and climate change. The abundances of DAPI-stained bacteria in the dust samples were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those in the non-dust samples and reached 105–106 particles m−3. Moreover, the concentration ratios of DAPI-stained bacteria to yellow fluorescent particles increased from 5.1 % ± 6.3 % (non-dust samples) to 9.8 % ± 6.3 % (dust samples). A beta diversity analysis of the bacterial communities demonstrated the distinct clustering of separate prokaryotic communities in the dust and non-dust samples. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria remained the dominant phyla in all samples. As for Erenhot, the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi had a remarkable rise in dust events. In contrast, the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi in non-dust samples of R-DzToUb were greater than those in dust samples. Alphaproteobacteria made the major contribution to the increasing relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria in all dust samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes did not exceed 5 % in all the air samples, even though it is the predominant phylum in the surface sand samples from the Gobi Desert. These results illustrate that the bacterial community contained in dust aerosol samples has a different pattern compared with non-dust aerosol samples, and the relative abundances of airborne bacteria are different from those in the surface sand or soil and differ by location and transmitting vector.
The impact of transport model differences on CO2 surface flux estimates from OCO-2 retrievals of column average CO2
Authors: Basu Sourish , Baker David F. , Chevallier Frédéric , Patra Prabir K. , Liu Junjie , Miller John B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We estimate the uncertainty of CO2 flux estimates in
atmospheric inversions stemming from differences between different global
transport models. Using a set of observing system simulation experiments
(OSSEs), we estimate this uncertainty as represented by the spread between
five different state-of-the-art global transport models (ACTM, LMDZ,
GEOS-Chem, PCTM and TM5), for both traditional in situ CO2 inversions
and inversions of XCO2 estimates from the Orbiting Carbon
Observatory 2 (OCO-2). We find that, in the absence of relative biases between
in situ CO2 and OCO-2 XCO2, OCO-2 estimates of terrestrial
flux for TRANSCOM-scale land regions can be more robust to transport model
differences than corresponding in situ CO2 inversions. This is
due to a combination of the increased spatial coverage of OCO-2 samples and
the total column nature of OCO-2 estimates. We separate the two effects by
constructing hypothetical in situ networks with the coverage of OCO-2 but
with only near-surface samples. We also find that the transport-driven
uncertainty in fluxes is comparable between well-sampled northern temperate
regions and poorly sampled tropical regions. Furthermore, we find that
spatiotemporal differences in sampling, such as between OCO-2 land and ocean
soundings, coupled with imperfect transport, can produce differences in flux
estimates that are larger than flux uncertainties due to transport model
differences. This highlights the need for sampling with as complete a spatial
and temporal coverage as possible (e.g., using both land and ocean retrievals
together for OCO-2) to minimize the impact of selective sampling. Finally,
our annual and monthly estimates of transport-driven uncertainties can be
used to evaluate the robustness of conclusions drawn from real OCO-2 and in
situ CO2 inversions.
An early record of ball lightning: Oliva (Spain), 1619
Authors: Domínguez-Castro Fernando 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In a primary documentary source we found an early record of ball lightning
(BL), which was observed in the monastery of Pi (Oliva, southeastern Spain)
on 18 October 1619. The ball lightning was observed by at least three people
and was described as a “rolling burning vessel” and a “ball of fire”. The
ball lightning appeared following a lightning flash, showed a mainly
horizontal motion, crossed a wall, smudged an image of the Lady of Rebollet
(then known as Lady of Pi) and burnt her ruff, and overturned a cross.
Reframing the Fall of the Zirid Dynasty, 1112–35 CE
Authors: King Matt 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTEver since H. R. Idris categorized the last forty years of the Zirid emirate (972–1148) as one of “agony,” the characterization has stuck. According to his narrative, the fall of the Zirid dynasty was as inevitable as the ascent of the Normans in Sicily, who exploited the Zirids for years before seizing their capital of Mahdia in 1148. This article challenges this anachronistic view of the Zirid dynasty by showing the relative strength of the Zirids throughout the 1110s and 1120s, as they made strategic alliances with other Muslim powers in the Mediterranean and won multiple victories against the Normans.
Authoritarian Claims to Legitimacy: Syria's Education under the Regime of Bashar al-Assad
Authors: Masud Muhammad 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
This article examines how Bashar al-Assad's authoritarian regime has used public education to legitimize itself and ground its authority. The Assad regime has always used education as propaganda. Since the start of Syria's civil war, however, the Assad regime has begun to use textbooks to attack its challengers, display its power, and deny accusations of human rights violations. Because they are compulsory readings in most of Syria's schools, and are also freely available on the website of Assad's Ministry of Education, state-sanctioned textbooks reach millions of Syrian citizens and most of the Syrian diaspora. This article investigates the claims to legitimacy in Assad's textbooks and explores how Assad uses education as part of a systematic process of maintaining control of the country, a process that also includes brute force and unforgiving military power.
SOUZA, Gilda de Mello e. O Espírito das Roupas: A Moda no Século XIX. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1987.
Authors: Botton Fernando Bagiotto 
Published: May 2018

Resenha de: SOUZA, Gilda de Mello e. O Espírito das Roupas: A Moda no Século XIX. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1987.
A política pendular de D. Fernando I de Portugal (1367-1383) e sua relação com o Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1383)
Authors: Girardi Leonardo 
Published: May 2018

Inserido no conjunto maior constituído pela Guerra dos Cem Anos, o Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1417) se caracterizará sobretudo pelo rompimento do ideal unitário representado pela Cristandade Latina – através da criação de duas Sés Pontifícias – e pelo acirramento da guerra. Assim, veremos seus efeitos por todos os reinos cristão latinos, inclusive Portugal, que no momento era governado por D. Fernando I (1367-1383). Este irá desenvolver uma política denominada pela historiografia como “pendular”, por conta de suas idas e vindas entre um e outro partido originado com a guerra e o Cisma – tendo em vista a série de eventos que ocorriam na Península Ibérica, sobretudo baseados em Castela, e nos interesses internos do reino. Sendo assim, intentamos nalisar detidamente como se dá esta política, de que forma se relaciona com o Cisma do Ocidente, seus desdobramentos e consequências, tanto no âmbito xterno quanto interno português ao longo do reinado fernandino.
Entre o espiritual e o temporal: o probabilismo e a teologia moral dos séculos XVI ao XVIII
Authors: Batista Rafael Bosch 
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo é o resultado dos estudos realizados por meio da pesquisa “Daniel Concina e a história do probabilismo (séculos XVI-XVIII)”, realizada com o apoio de uma bolsa de iniciação científica financiada pela FAPESP durante os anos de 2010 e 2011. Essa pesquisa relaciona-se com o grupo de estudos “Direitos e Justiça nas Américas”, coordenado por Rafael Ruiz, do Núcleo deEstudos Ibéricos da Escola de Filosofia Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Estuda-se, nesse grupo, como as leis dos séculos XVI ao XVIII eram relativizadas de modo a se criarem espaços de ambuiguidade entre estas e seu cumprimento. Nesse sentido, este artigo busca demonstrar como a Teologia Moral se relacionava com as questões jurídicas e políticas, e busca ressaltar, também, a importância desta como um objeto para a compreensão destas questões no que diz respeito à Península Ibérica.