bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of standardised design in addressing the shortage of primary school places in the UK
Authors: Opoku Alex , Mills Sarah A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
As part of the UK Government’s strategy to address the current shortage of primary school places is the construction of standardised designed schools. The UK Government has been facing an uphill battle to meet the demand for the ever-increasing number of school places it requires. This paper aims to explore the use of standardised school design in addressing the problem of primary school places in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
Due to the exploratory nature of this investigation, a pragmatic research philosophy is utilised and mixed-method data collection techniques are used. Quantitative data collection is in the form of a survey involving 306 construction professionals and stakeholders; this has been consolidated using qualitative data collection in the form of nine purposefully selected semi-structured interviews.

Findings
The research highlighted the influence that people and their perceptions have on the successful implementation of standardisation. The results show that a high level of misunderstanding exists around the concept of standardisation and its definition. Standardised design has shown to have a remarkable influence in reducing the cost and time required for delivering the construction of new schools.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the exploratory nature of this research, the results obtained have not been wholly conclusive but have instead provided a contribution to the area of standardisation in construction.

Originality/value
The research has uncovered that, to truly promote and drive standardisation in the delivery of schools, a joint approach is required with designers, contractors, clients and manufacturers, working in partnership to develop successful solutions. The paper will, therefore, help the key stakeholders delivering standardised schools in UK to fully understand the concept and turn the challenges into opportunities.
An uncertainty management theory on the effects of abusive supervision
Authors: Yang Jih-Hua , Lin Cheng-Chen , Fang Shih-Chieh , Huang Ching-Ying 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe vast majority of research on traditional leadership focuses on effective and positive leadership behavior. However, scholars have begun to pay attention to the impact of negative leadership behavior on employees and the organization. Hence, the main purpose is to examine the effects of abusive supervision. While the literature does not examine the time future orientation of the effects of abusive supervision, the purpose of this paper is to fill up this gap and examine the moderating role of future orientation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 584 valid questionnaires were collected from respondents aged between 21 and 30 years old and analyzed using the hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling method.FindingsThe main results show that abusive supervision positively affects counterproductive work behavior and future orientation positively moderates both the relationship between abusive supervision and originality behavior and the relationship between abusive supervision and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the moderating roles of future orientation in the effects of abusive supervision, and thus deepens the understanding of the moderating effect. It departs from the prior works and presents a more detailed examination examines the distinct dimensions of personality traits. It makes three main theoretical contributions. First, it introduces uncertainty management theory as a means to interpret the effects of abusive supervision. Second, it contributes to the literature on abusive supervision. Third, it does not lead to discovery as an OCB and originality, conclusions which differ from the results suggested in past literature.
Long‐term recovery of multifunctionality in Mediterranean forests depends on restoration strategy and forest type
Authors: Cruz‐Alonso Verónica , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Villar‐Salvador Pedro , Rey‐Benayas José María 
Published: January 2019

AbstractForest area is increasing in temperate biomes through active and passive restoration of old fields. Despite the large extension of restored forests, the success of contrasting restoration strategies (active – planted forests ‐ vs. passive – secondary forests ‐) over time has never been evaluated in Mediterranean forests.We studied how restoration strategy determined forest restoration success. We evaluated which restoration strategy resulted in forests more like references (i.e. forests with continuous canopy cover since at least the 1940s) in terms of structure, diversity, functional composition, and dynamics. We then assessed whether active restoration accelerated forest recovery compared to passive restoration.We studied a chronosequence of recovery in four forest types (mountain and Mediterranean pine forests and mesic and Mediterranean oak forests) using the data of the Spanish Forest Inventory in central Spain. Each plot was classified as planted, secondary or reference forest. We modelled the response ratios of 11 forest attributes and a multifunctionality index as a function of restoration strategy, forest age, and abiotic and biotic constraints.Secondary forests showed a greater likeness to references than planted forests in oak forests while minor differences between secondary and planted forests were found in pine forests. The recovery speed of most forest attributes in secondary and planted forests was similar. Multifunctionality was higher, and increased more rapidly, in planted than in secondary forests in Mediterranean oak forests. However, multifunctionality was similar for both restoration strategies in the other forest types.Synthesis and applications. The long‐term assessment of forest recovery in Mediterranean abandoned fields indicated that both planted forests and natural forest succession are successful restoration strategies, depending on the aim and the forest type. In our research, restoration strategy did not influence the magnitude and speed of forest recovery in pine forests. However, in oak forests, natural forest succession led to forests more alike to references, but planted forests can maximize and accelerate recovery of forest multifunctionality.
Weighting effective number of species measures by abundance weakens detection of diversity responses
Authors: Cao Yong , Hawkins Charles P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The effective number of species (ENS) has been proposed as a robust measure of species diversity that overcomes several limitations in terms of both diversity indices and species richness (SR). However, it is not yet clear if ENS improves interpretation and comparison of biodiversity monitoring data, and ultimately resource management decisions.

We used simulations of five stream macroinvertebrate assemblages and spatially extensive field data of stream fishes and mussels to show (a) how different ENS formulations respond to stress and (b) how diversity–environment relationships change with values of q, which weight ENS measures by species abundances.

Values of ENS derived from whole simulated assemblages with all species weighted equally (true SR) steadily decreased as stress increased, and ENS‐stress relationships became weaker and more different among assemblages with increased weighting.

The amount of variation in ENS across the fish and mussel assemblages that was associated with environmental gradients decreased with increasing q.

Synthesis and applications. Species diversity is valued by many human societies, which often have policies designed to protect and restore it. Natural resources managers and policy makers may use species richness and diversity indices to describe the status of ecological communities. However, these traditional diversity measures are known subject to limitations that hinder their interpretation and comparability. The effective number of species (ENS) was proposed to overcome the limitations. Unfortunately, our analyses show that ENS does not improve interpretability of how species diversity responds to either stress or natural environmental gradients. Moreover, incorporating the relative abundance of individuals in different species (evenness) into diversity measures as implemented in ENS can actually weaken detection of diversity responses. Natural resources managers and policy makers therefore need to be cautious when interpreting diversity measures, including ENS, whose values are jointly influenced by richness and evenness. We suggest that both researchers and practitioners measure and report three aspects of diversity (species richness, evenness, and composition) separately when assessing and monitoring the diversity of ecological communities.
Dissection of patulin biosynthesis, spatial control and regulation mechanism in Penicillium expansum
Authors: Li Boqiang , Chen Yong , Zong Yuanyuan , Shang Yanjiao , Zhang Zhanquan , Xu Xiaodi , Wang Xiao , Long Manyuan , Tian Shiping 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe patulin biosynthesis is one of model pathways in an understanding of secondary metabolite biology and network novelties in fungi. However, molecular regulation mechanism of patulin biosynthesis and contribution of each gene related to the different catalytic enzymes in the biochemical steps of the pathway remain largely unknown in fungi. In this study, the genetic components of patulin biosynthetic pathway were systematically dissected in Penicillium expansum, which is an important fungal pathogen and patulin producer in harvested fruits and vegetables. Our results revealed that all the 15 genes in the cluster are involved in patulin biosynthesis. Proteins encoded by those genes are compartmentalized in various subcellular locations, including cytosol, nucleus, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and cell wall. The subcellular localizations of some proteins, such as PatE and PatH, are required for the patulin production. Further, the functions of eight enzymes in the 10‐step patulin biosynthetic pathway were verified in P. expansum. Moreover, velvet family proteins, VeA, VelB and VelC, were proved to be involved in the regulation of patulin biosynthesis, but not VosA. These findings provide a thorough understanding of the biosynthesis pathway, spatial control and regulation mechanism of patulin in fungi.
Social Media and Medicolegal Death Investigation: Logged in…To the Morgue
Authors: Gitto Lorenzo , Arunkumar Ponni , Cina Stephen J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSocial media (SM) represent a global consumer phenomenon with an exponential rise in usage within the last few years. The various applications and websites are relatively easy and fast to access, and the number of users increases continuously. SM are an incredible source of freely available, public information about their users. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the usefulness of SM in forensic practice. The electronic database of the Cook County of Medical Examiner's Office (“CCMEO”) in Illinois was searched for investigative narratives that included specific SM keywords, in the period from August 2014 to January 2018. A total of 48 cases met the study's criteria. Among these, “Facebook” has been found to be the most helpful SM for medicolegal investigation purposes. Information obtained by SM can play an important role in forensic practice since it can be used to clarify certain aspects of the medicolegal death investigation, with particular regard to time and manner of death.
Feasibility of Emergency Department–initiated, Mobile Health Blood Pressure Intervention: An Exploratory, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Meurer William J. , Dome Mackenzie , Brown Devin , Delemos Destinee , Oska Sandra , Gorom Victoria , Skolarus Lesli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to assess the feasibility of a text messaging intervention by determining the proportion of emergency department (ED) patients who responded to prompted home blood pressure (BP) self‐monitoring and had persistent hypertension. We also explored the effect of the intervention on systolic blood pressure (sBP) over time.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, controlled trial of ED patients with expected discharge to home with elevated BP. Participants were identified by automated alerts from the electronic health record. Those who consented received a BP cuff to take home and enrolled in the 3‐week screening phase. Text responders with persistent hypertension were randomized to control or weekly prompted BP self‐monitoring and healthy behavior text messages.ResultsAmong the 104 patients enrolled in the ED, 73 reported at least one home BP over the 3‐week run‐in (screening) period. A total of 55 of 73 reported a home BP of ≥140/90 and were randomized to SMS intervention (n = 28) or control (n = 27). The intervention group had significant sBP reduction over time with a mean drop of 9.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 17.6).ConclusionsThe identification of ED patients with persistent hypertension using home BP self‐monitoring and text messaging was feasible. The intervention was associated with a decrease in sBP likely to be clinically meaningful. Future studies are needed to further refine this approach and determine its efficacy.
E2F1 copy number variations contribute to spermatogenic impairment and cryptorchidism by increasing susceptibility to heat stress
Authors: Rocca M. S. , Di Nisio A. , Sabovic I. , Ghezzi M. , Foresta C. , Ferlin A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCopy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the onset of several diseases, and recently research focused on the relationship between these structural variants and diseases of the reproductive tract, including male infertility and cryptorchidism.ObjectivesTo evaluate the contribution of copy number variations of E2F1 gene to idiopathic male infertility and the factors influencing expression of this gene.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on 540 subjects recruited from September 2014 to February 2015. TaqMan CNV assay was used to analyze E2F1 CNV. Real‐time PCR was used to assess E2F1 and HSP70 expression level in heat stressed and transfected cells with three E2F1 copies.ResultsWe found a significant difference in the frequency of altered E2F1 copies in patients (12/343, 3.5%) compared with controls (0/197) (p = 0.005). Six patients with E2F1 CNV had history of cryptorchidism, but the prevalence between men with idiopathic infertility (6/243, 2.5%) and infertile men with history of cryptorchidism (6/100, 6.0%) was not statistically different (p = 0.1). E2F1 expression increased under heat stress conditions, especially in cells carrying more copies of gene and this was associated with increased expression of HSP70.DiscussionOur data suggest that an abnormal E2F1 expression caused by multiple copies of E2F1 gene predisposes to the onset of infertility and that the risk further increases if subjects with altered E2F1 copies have stressful conditions, such as heat stress or history of cryptorchidism.ConclusionThis study shows a link between E2F1 CNV and male infertility, suggesting that the increased risk of spermatogenic impairment associated with higher E2F1 copies might be due to higher susceptibility to stressful conditions.
Early repolarization pattern as a predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence following radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Hunuk Burak , de Asmundis Carlo , Mugnai Giacomo , Velagic Vedran , Ströker Erwin , Moran Darragh , Ruggiero Diego , Hacioglu Ebru , Umbrain Vincent , Verborgh Christian , Beckers Stefan , Poelaert Jan , Brugada Pedro , Chierchia Gian‐Battista 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly repolarization patterns (ERP) have been found to be associated with poor cardiovascular end points. We aimed to evaluate the ERP prevalence among patients with structurally normal hearts undergoing radiofrequency (RF) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and its association with the AF recurrence.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent RF‐PVI as index procedure for paroxysmal AF in our center were evaluated. Exclusion criteria: structural heart disease, ongoing use of Class I/III antiarrhythmics, complete‐bundle‐branch‐block. Lateral (I, aVL, V5–V6), inferior (II, III, aVF), or infero‐lateral (both) ERP were defined in baseline ECG as horizontal/downsloping J‐point elevation ≥1 mm in two consecutive leads with QRS slurring/notching. Documented episodes of AF lasting ≥30 s were considered recurrence.ResultsOf 701 cases, 434 patients (305 males, 58 ± 11 years) were included for analysis. ERP observed in 67 patients (15.4%) (Infero‐lateral n = 26, inferior n = 23, lateral n = 18) which were significantly younger, demonstrating longer PR‐interval and lower heart rates. At a mean follow‐up of 22.1 ± 9.7 months, AF recurrences were found in 107 patients (24.6%). In middle‐aged patients (≥40–<60 years; n = 206, 79% male), those with an infero‐lateral ERP had higher recurrence compared with the ones without (56.3% vs. 19%; p = 0.002). Infero‐lateral ERP was significantly predicting recurrence (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.21–4.82; p = 0.01).ConclusionEarly repolarization patterns was more prevalent in our AF population than in the general population. Infero‐lateral ERP in baseline ECG might predict AF recurrence in the follow‐up after RF‐PVI in middle‐aged patients.
Prenatal detection of esophageal atresia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pardy Caroline , D'Antonio Francesco , Khalil Asma , Giuliani Stefano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe primary aim of this systematic review was to quantify the diagnostic performance of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and amniotic fluid analysis in detecting esophageal atresia prenatally. The secondary aim was to explore the accuracy of individual imaging signs in identifying this anomaly.Material and methodsMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched. The quality of studies was assessed using the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio for the predictive accuracy of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and amniotic fluid analysis in detecting esophageal atresia were computed using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic or DerSimonian‐Laird random‐effect model, according to the number of studies included in each analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017055828.ResultsTwenty studies (73 246 fetuses, 1760 affected by esophageal atresia) were included. Overall, prenatal ultrasound had a sensitivity of 31.7%. Only two studies reported all data for diagnostic accuracy; based on these studies, prenatal ultrasound had a sensitivity of 41.9%, a specificity of 99.9%, a positive likelihood ratio of 88.1, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.58 and a diagnostic odds ratio of 153.7. Prenatal ultrasound correctly identified 77.9% of cases with esophageal atresia and 21.9% esophageal atresia with an associated tracheo‐esophageal fistula. Polyhydramnios was present in 56.3% of cases affected by esophageal atresia, and a small or absent stomach was identified in 50.0% cases. When performed following a suspicious ultrasound, fetal magnetic resonance imaging had an good overall diagnostic accuracy for esophageal atresia, with a sensitivity of 94.7%, a specificity of 89.3%, a positive likelihood ratio of 8.8, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.06 and a diagnostic odds ratio of 149.3. Finally, amniotic fluid analysis with an esophageal atresia index ≥3 had a sensitivity of 89.9% and a specificity of 99.6% in detecting esophageal atresia.ConclusionsUltrasound alone is a poor diagnostic tool for identifying esophageal atresia prenatally, and has a high rate of false positive diagnoses. Magnetic resonance imaging and amniotic fluid analysis have high diagnostic accuracy for esophageal atresia. We would recommend their use following a suspicious ultrasound.
Expanding a woman's options to include home use of misoprostol for medical abortion up until 76 days: an observational study of efficacy and safety
Authors: Larsson Amanda , Ronnberg Ann‐Kristin M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionHome use of misoprostol for medical abortion is increasingly being practiced. With gestational length up to 70 days, it is considered effective, safe and acceptable by women. Knowledge of safety and efficacy with longer gestations is limited and studies are required to expand women's options to include this method of abortion.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was designed to compare home use of misoprostol for medical abortion at gestational length 64‐76 days to its use at 57‐63 days. Primary outcome was success rate. Success was defined as complete uterine evacuation without the need of surgical intervention due to incomplete abortion and no failed abortion with ongoing pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were rates of unscheduled return visits, telephone consultations, admissions to hospital, infections and the need for blood transfusion.ResultsWe included 397 women, 270 within 57‐63 days of gestation and 127 within 64‐76 days of gestation at abortion. Success rate was 95.6% at 57‐63 days and 93.7% at 64‐76 days. The difference was not statistically significant (P = .431). The rate of unscheduled return visits was high overall but not significantly different in relation to gestational length at abortion (> 63 days; 20.5% vs < 64 days; 16.3%, P = .308).ConclusionsOur study indicates that home use of misoprostol for medical abortion at 64‐76 days gestation may be as safe and effective as at 57‐63 days. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings and to explore the acceptance of and experiences among women performing abortion at home at greater gestational length, before further implementation in clinical practice.