bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning about climate change uncertainty enables flexible water infrastructure planning
Authors: Fletcher Sarah , Lickley Megan , Strzepek Kenneth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWater resources planning requires decision-making about infrastructure development under uncertainty in future regional climate conditions. However, uncertainty in climate change projections will evolve over the 100-year lifetime of a dam as new climate observations become available. Flexible strategies in which infrastructure is proactively designed to be changed in the future have the potential to meet water supply needs without expensive over-building. Evaluating tradeoffs between flexible and traditional static planning approaches requires extension of current paradigms for planning under climate change uncertainty which do not assess opportunities to reduce uncertainty in the future. We develop a new planning framework that assesses the potential to learn about regional climate change over time and therefore evaluates the appropriateness of flexible approaches today. We demonstrate it on a reservoir planning problem in Mombasa, Kenya. This approach identifies opportunities to reliably use incremental approaches, enabling adaptation investments to reach more vulnerable communities with fewer resources.
Comprehensive genomic and immunological characterization of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Xu-Chao , Wang Jun , Shao Guo-Guang , Wang Qun , Qu Xiaotao , Wang Bo , Moy Christopher , Fan Yue , Albertyn Zayed , Huang Xiayu , Zhang Jingyu , Qiu Yang , Platero Suso , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Zudaire Enrique , Yang Jennifer , Cheng Ying , Xu Lin , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeep understanding of the genomic and immunological differences between Chinese and Western lung cancer patients is of great importance for target therapy selection and development for Chinese patients. Here we report an extensive molecular and immune profiling study of 245 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte estimated using immune cell signatures is found to be significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (ADC, 72.5%) compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC, 54.4%). The correlation of genomic alterations with immune signatures reveals that low immune infiltration was associated with EGFR mutations in ADC samples, PI3K and/or WNT pathway activation in SQCC. While KRAS mutations are found to be significantly associated with T cell infiltration in ADC samples. The SQCC patients with high antigen presentation machinery and cytotoxic T cell signature scores are found to have a prolonged overall survival time.
Phenotyping ciliary dynamics and coordination in response to CFTR-modulators in Cystic Fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Chioccioli M. , Feriani L. , Kotar J. , Bratcher P. E. , Cicuta P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPersonalized approaches for systematically assessing ciliary beat dynamics and for drug testing would improve the challenging task of diagnosing and treating respiratory disorders. In this pilot study, we show how multiscale differential dynamic microscopy (multi-DDM) can be used to characterize collective ciliary beating in a non-biased automated manner. We use multi-DDM to assess the efficacy of different CFTR-modulating drugs in human airway epithelial cells derived from subjects with cystic fibrosis (ΔF508/ΔF508 and ∆F508/-) based on ciliary beat frequency and coordination. Similar to clinical observations, drug efficacy is variable across donors, even within the same genotype. We show how our assay can quantitatively identify the most efficient drugs for restoring ciliary beating for each individual donor. Multi-DDM provides insight into ciliary beating responses following treatment with drugs, and has application in the broader context of respiratory disease and for drug screening.
Chiral acid-catalysed enantioselective C−H functionalization of toluene and its derivatives driven by visible light
Authors: Li Fuyuan , Tian Dong , Fan Yifan , Lee Richmond , Lu Gang , Yin Yanli , Qiao Baokun , Zhao Xiaowei , Xiao Ziwei , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractToluene and its derivatives are petroleum-derived raw materials produced from gasoline by catalytic reformation. These abundant chemical feedstocks are commonly used as solvents in organic synthesis. The C(sp3)−H functionalization of these unactivated substrates has been widely used to directly introduce benzylic motifs into diverse molecules to furnish important compounds. Despite these advances, progress in asymmetric catalysis remains underdeveloped. Here, we report photoinduced radical-based enantioselective C(sp3)−C(sp3) coupling reactions of activated ketones with toluene and its derivatives by means of chiral acid catalysis. With a La(OTf)3/pybox complex catalyst, a variety of chiral 3-hydroxy-3-benzyl-substituted 2-oxindoles, including many conventionally difficult-to-access variants, are obtained directly from isatins in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Acenaphthoquinone is also compatible with the use of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst, leading to another series of important enantioenriched tertiary alcohols.
Experimental realization of 105-qubit random access quantum memory
Authors: Jiang N. , Pu Y.-F. , Chang W. , Li C. , Zhang S. , Duan L.-M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRandom access memory is an indispensable device for classical information technology. Analog to this, for quantum information technology, it is desirable to have a random access quantum memory with many memory cells and programmable access to each cell. We report an experiment that realizes a random access quantum memory of 105 qubits carried by 210 memory cells in a macroscopic atomic ensemble. We demonstrate storage of optical qubits into these memory cells and their read out at programmable times by arbitrary orders with fidelities exceeding any classical bound. Experimental realization of a random access quantum memory with many memory cells and programmable control of its write-in and read out makes an important step for its application in quantum communication, networking, and computation.
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunities in the food value chain
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Hinderer Sebastian , Röhm Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSuccessful entrepreneurs exploit entrepreneurial opportunities to establish their enterprises. The food industry is a setting in which many such opportunities exist. To shed light on those specific entrepreneurial opportunities, we combine a five-step model of the food value chain ranging from agriculture to consumption with classic economic sources of entrepreneurial opportunities, that is, changes in supply, changes in demand, exogenous shocks, or informational asymmetries prevalent in the market. We proxy for entrepreneurial opportunities by shedding light on where start-up investors assign their capital in the food value chain. Data drawn from the Dow Jones VentureSource database is recoded to illustrate this investment behavior. Consequently, we are able to (a) illustrate where in the food value chain in particular investors perceive the most upside potential and (b) construct a map of the entrepreneurial opportunity space in the food industry. The results are informative, particularly for aspiring food entrepreneurs searching for entrepreneurial opportunities and aiming to raise funding for their entrepreneurial endeavors.
Killer whales redistribute white shark foraging pressure on seals
Authors: Jorgensen Salvador J. , Anderson Scot , Ferretti Francesco , Tietz James R. , Chapple Taylor , Kanive Paul , Bradley Russell W. , Moxley Jerry H. , Block Barbara A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPredatory behavior and top-down effects in marine ecosystems are well-described, however, intraguild interactions among co-occurring marine top predators remain less understood, but can have far reaching ecological implications. Killer whales and white sharks are prominent upper trophic level predators with highly-overlapping niches, yet their ecological interactions and subsequent effects have remained obscure. Using long-term electronic tagging and survey data we reveal rare and cryptic interactions between these predators at a shared foraging site, Southeast Farallon Island (SEFI). In multiple instances, brief visits from killer whales displaced white sharks from SEFI, disrupting shark feeding behavior for extended periods at this aggregation site. As a result, annual predations of pinnipeds by white sharks at SEFI were negatively correlated with close encounters with killer whales. Tagged white sharks relocated to other aggregation sites, creating detectable increases in white shark density at Ano Nuevo Island. This work highlights the importance of risk effects and intraguild relationships among top ocean predators and the value of long-term data sets revealing these consequential, albeit infrequent, ecological interactions.
Detection and Differentiation of Breast Cancer Sub-Types using a cPLA2α Activatable Fluorophore
Authors: Chiorazzo Michael G. , Tunset Hanna Maja , Popov Anatoliy V. , Johansen Berit , Moestue Siver , Delikatny E. James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) has been shown to be elevated in breast cancer and is a potential biomarker in the differentiation of molecular sub-types. Using a cPLA2α activatable fluorophore, DDAO arachidonate, we explore its ability to function as a contrast agent in fluorescence-guided surgery. In cell lines ranging in cPLA2α expression and representing varying breast cancer sub-types, we show DDAO arachidonate activates with a high correlation to cPLA2α expression level. Using a control probe, DDAO palmitate, in addition to cPLA2α inhibition and genetic knockdown, we show that this activation is a result of cPLA2α activity. In mouse models, using an ex vivo tumor painting technique, we show that DDAO arachidonate activates to a high degree in basal-like versus luminal-like breast tumors and healthy mammary tissue. Finally, we show that using an in vivo model, orthotopic basal-like tumors give significantly high probe activation compared to healthy mammary fat pads and surrounding tissue. Together we conclude that cPLA2α activatable fluorophores such as DDAO arachidonate may serve as a useful contrast agent for the visualization of tumor margins in the fluorescence-guided surgery of basal-like breast cancer.
BrainNet: A Multi-Person Brain-to-Brain Interface for Direct Collaboration Between Brains
Authors: Jiang Linxing , Stocco Andrea , Losey Darby M. , Abernethy Justin A. , Prat Chantel S. , Rao Rajesh P. N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present BrainNet which, to our knowledge, is the first multi-person non-invasive direct brain-to-brain interface for collaborative problem solving. The interface combines electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain signals and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to deliver information noninvasively to the brain. The interface allows three human subjects to collaborate and solve a task using direct brain-to-brain communication. Two of the three subjects are designated as “Senders” whose brain signals are decoded using real-time EEG data analysis. The decoding process extracts each Sender’s decision about whether to rotate a block in a Tetris-like game before it is dropped to fill a line. The Senders’ decisions are transmitted via the Internet to the brain of a third subject, the “Receiver,” who cannot see the game screen. The Senders’ decisions are delivered to the Receiver’s brain via magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex. The Receiver integrates the information received from the two Senders and uses an EEG interface to make a decision about either turning the block or keeping it in the same orientation. A second round of the game provides an additional chance for the Senders to evaluate the Receiver’s decision and send feedback to the Receiver’s brain, and for the Receiver to rectify a possible incorrect decision made in the first round. We evaluated the performance of BrainNet in terms of (1) Group-level performance during the game, (2) True/False positive rates of subjects’ decisions, and (3) Mutual information between subjects. Five groups, each with three human subjects, successfully used BrainNet to perform the collaborative task, with an average accuracy of 81.25%. Furthermore, by varying the information reliability of the Senders by artificially injecting noise into one Sender’s signal, we investigated how the Receiver learns to integrate noisy signals in order to make a correct decision. We found that like conventional social networks, BrainNet allows Receivers to learn to trust the Sender who is more reliable, in this case, based solely on the information transmitted directly to their brains. Our results point the way to future brain-to-brain interfaces that enable cooperative problem solving by humans using a “social network” of connected brains.
Structure-based Design of JOC-x, a Conjugatable Tumor Tight Junction Opener to Enhance Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pitner Ragan , Kim Jiho , Davis-Bergthold Jenn , Turner Cheri , Vassal-Stermann Emilie , Wang Hongjie , Adams Jaclyn , Carter Lauren , Ahlgren Jeffrey A. , Fender Pascal , Lieber André , Carter Darrick , Gray Sean A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDisorganized intercellular junctions are critical for maintaining the integrity of solid epithelial tumors and prevent the infiltration of oncological therapies into the bulk of the malignancy. We have developed small, recombinant proteins which bind a critical junction protein, desmoglein 2, triggering the transient and specific opening of tumor tight junctions allowing for infiltration of the tumor with immune cells, oncolytic viruses, drugs, and other therapeutics. Our new molecule, JOC-x, is a promising candidate for a new class of tumor-targeting agents that accumulate both around and within tumors and remodel the tumor microenvironment. Native cysteines were removed from the parental protein, JO-4, followed by addition of a single cysteine to allow for convenient attachment of various payloads that can be targeted directly to the tumor. Our tumor-targeting protein exhibits high avidity, minimal aggregation, and is easily purified at good yields from E. coli. For proof of concept, we demonstrate effective conjugation to biotin as a model for flexible co-targeting, addition of metal ion chelators as models for imaging and radiotherapy, and linkage of the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) as a model immune-oncologic agent. This second-generation cancer co-therapeutic protein is optimized for activity and primed for cGMP manufacture in preparation for upcoming clinical studies.
Early and Pre-Clinical Detection of Prion Seeding Activity in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Goats using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assay
Authors: Favole Alessandra , Mazza Maria , Vallino Costassa Elena , D’Angelo Antonio , Lombardi Guerino , Marconi Paola , Crociara Paola , Berrone Elena , Gallo Marina , Palmitessa Claudia , Orrù Christina D. , Caughey Byron , Acutis Pier L. , Caramelli Maria , Casalone Cristina , Corona Cristiano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince 2005, two cases of natural bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE) have been reported in goats. Furthermore, experimental transmissions of classical (C-BSE) and atypical (L-BSE) forms of BSE in goats were also reported. To minimize further spreading of prion diseases in small ruminants the development of a highly sensitive and specific test for ante-mortem detection of infected animals would be of great value. Recent studies reported high diagnostic value of a second generation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) assay across a wide spectrum of human prions. Here, we applied this improved QuIC (IQ-CSF) for highly efficient detection of TSEs prion protein in goat cerebrospinal fluid. IQ-CSF sensitivity and specificity were evaluated on CSF samples collected at disease endpoint from goats naturally and experimentally infected with scrapie or bovine isolates of C-BSE and L-BSE, respectively. Next, CSF samples collected from L-BSE infected goats during pre-symptomatic stage were also analysed. PrPL-BSE associated seeding activity was detected at early time points after experimental inoculation, with an average time of 439 days before clinical symptoms appeared. Taken together these data are indicative of the great potential of this in vitro prion amplification assay as ante-mortem TSE test for live and asymptomatic small ruminants.
Standard laboratory housing for mice restricts their ability to segregate space into clean and dirty areas
Authors: Makowska I. Joanna , Franks Becca , El-Hinn Cathy , Jorgensen Tina , Weary Daniel M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaboratory mice(Mus musculus)are typically housed in simple cages consisting of one open space. These standard cages may thwart mouse ability to segregate resting areas from areas where they eliminate, a behaviour that is prevalent across the animal kingdom. No scientific work has directly tested whether mice engage in such segregation behaviour, or whether the ability to do so may have welfare consequences. Here we show that mice, whether housed in standard cages or a complex housing system consisting of three interconnected standard cages, kept nesting and elimination sites highly segregated, with nest and urine co-occurring in the same location only 2% of the time. However, mice in the complex system established these clean and dirty sites in separate cages instead of separate locations within one cage, and carried bedding materials (cellulose pellets) from their nesting cages to their latrine cage. Moreover, mice in the complex system displayed more behaviours associated with positive welfare and were less disturbed by weekly husbandry procedures. We conclude that mice find waste products aversive, and that housing mice in a way that facilitates spatial segregation provides a simple way of allowing the expression of natural behaviours and improving welfare.
The left-cradling bias and its relationship with empathy and depression
Authors: Malatesta Gianluca , Marzoli Daniele , Rapino Maria , Tommasi Luca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWomen usually cradle their infants to the left of their body midline. Research showed that the left cradling could be altered by affective symptoms in mothers, so that right cradling might be associated with a reduced ability to become emotionally involved with the infant. In this study, we assessed cradling-side bias (using family photo inspection and an imagination task), as well as depression and empathy, in 50 healthy mothers of 0–3 years old children. The main finding was that the strength of the left-cradling bias was negatively related with participants’ depression scores and slightly positively related with their empathy scores. Our results thus provide further evidence that cradling-side preferences can represent an evolutionary proxy of mother’s affective state, influencing the early development of the infant social brain and behaviour.
Clinical and laboratory features of anti-MAG neuropathy without monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Pascual-Goñi Elba , Martín-Aguilar Lorena , Lleixà Cinta , Martínez-Martínez Laura , Simón-Talero Manuel J. , Díaz-Manera Jordi , Cortés-Vicente Elena , Rojas-García Ricard , Moga Esther , Juárez Cándido , Illa Isabel , Querol Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) almost invariably appear in the context of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy associated neuropathy. Very few cases of anti-MAG neuropathy lacking IgM-monoclonal gammopathy have been reported. We investigated the presence of anti-MAG antibodies in 69 patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for CIDP. Anti-MAG antibodies were tested by ELISA and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We identified four (5.8%) anti-MAG positive patients without detectable IgM-monoclonal gammopathy. In two of them, IgM-monoclonal gammopathy was detected at 3 and 4-year follow-up coinciding with an increase in anti-MAG antibodies titers. In conclusion, anti-MAG antibody testing should be considered in chronic demyelinating neuropathies, even if IgM-monoclonal gammopathy is not detectable.
The effect of substrate and surface plasmons on symmetry breaking at the substrate interface of the topological insulator Bi2Te3
Authors: Wiesner Maciej , Roberts Richard H. , Lin Jung-Fu. , Akinwande Deji , Hesjedal Thorsten , Duffy Liam B. , Wang Shumin , Song Yuxin , Jenczyk Jacek , Jurga Stefan , Mroz Boguslaw 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA pressing challenge in engineering devices with topological insulators (TIs) is that electron transport is dominated by the bulk conductance, and so dissipationless surface states account for only a small fraction of the conductance. Enhancing the surface-to-volume ratio is a common method to enhance the relative contribution of such states. In thin films with reduced thickness, the confinement results in symmetry-breaking and is critical for the experimental observation of topologically protected surface states. We employ micro-Raman and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to examine three different mechanisms of symmetry breaking in Bi2Te3 TI thin films: surface plasmon generation, charge transfer, and application of a periodic strain potential. These mechanisms are facilitated by semiconducting and insulating substrates that modify the electronic and mechanical conditions at the sample surface and alter the long-range interactions between Bi2Te3 and the substrate. We confirm the symmetry breaking in Bi2Te3 via the emergence of the Raman-forbidden $${{\boldsymbol{A}}}_{{\bf{1}}{\boldsymbol{u}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$

A

1
u

2

mode. Our results suggest that topological surface states can exist at the Bi2Te3/substrate interface, which is in a good agreement with previous theoretical results predicting the tunability of the vertical location of helical surface states in TI/substrate heterostructures.
Monoenergetic 290 MeV/n carbon-ion beam biological lethal dose distribution surrounding the Bragg peak
Authors: Buglewicz Dylan J. , Banks Austin B. , Hirakawa Hirokazu , Fujimori Akira , Kato Takamitsu A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe sharp high dose Bragg peak of a carbon-ion beam helps it to deliver the highest dosage to the malignant cells while leaving the normal cells relatively unharmed. However, the precise range in which it distributes dosages that significantly induce cell death or genotoxicity surrounding its Bragg peak remains unclear. To evaluate biological effects of carbon-ion radiation through entrance to post Bragg peak in a single biological system, CHO and xrs5 cells were cultured in T-175 cell culture flasks and irradiated with 290 MeV/n monoenergetic carbon-ions with initial dosages upon entrance to the flask of 1, 2, or 3 Gy for cell survival assays or 1 Gy for cytokinesis block micronuclei assays. Under all initial dosages, the biological Bragg peak and the highest micronuclei formation was observed at the depth of 14.5 cm. Moreover, as the initial dosage increased the range displaying a significant decrease in survival fraction increased as well (P < 0.0001). Intriguingly from 1 Gy to 3 Gy, we observed a significant increase in reappearance of colony formation depth (P < 0.05), possibly indicating the nuclear fragmentation lethality potential of the carbon-ion. By means of our single system approach, we can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of biological effects surrounding of carbon-ions Bragg peak.