bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Concrete to Incremental Aggression of Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Mahmoud M. H. , Bassuoni M. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is lack of standardized tests for specifically evaluating the resistance of concrete to sulfuric acid attack, which has caused great variability, for example, in terms of solution concentration, pH level/control, etc., among previous studies in this area. Accordingly, there are conflicting data about the role of key constituents of concrete (e.g., supplementary cementitious materials [SCMs]) and uncertainty about building codes’ stipulations for concrete exposed to sulfuric acid. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the behavior of the same concretes, prepared with single and blended binders, to incremental levels (mild, severe, and very severe) of sulfuric acid solutions over 36 weeks. The test variables included the type of cement (general use [GU] or portland limestone cement [PLC]) and SCMs (fly ash, silica fume, and nanosilica). The severe (1 %, pH of 1) and very severe aggression (2.5 %, pH of 0.5) phases caused mass loss of all specimens, with the latter phase providing clear distinction among the performance of concrete mixtures. The results showed that the penetrability of concrete was not a controlling factor under severe and very severe damage by sulfuric acid attack, whereas the chemical vulnerability of the binder was the dominant factor. Mixtures prepared from the PLC performed better than those prepared from GU. While the quaternary mixtures that consisted of GU or PLC, fly ash, silica fume, and nanosilica showed the highest mass losses after 36 weeks, the binary mixtures incorporating GU or PLC with fly ash had the lowest mass losses.
Buckling and Free Vibration Behavior of Cenosphere/Epoxy Syntactic Foams under Axial Compressive Loading
Authors: Waddar Sunil , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj , Doddamani Mrityunjay , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The buckling and free vibration behavior of cenosphere/epoxy syntactic foams under axial compressive loading are investigated experimentally in this work. The buckling load is obtained from the load-deflection curve based on the Double Tangent Method (DTM) and Modified Budiansky Criteria (MBC). Furthermore, the influence of an axial compression load on the natural frequencies associated with the first three transverse bending modes is analyzed. Finally, the buckling loads predicted using DTM and MBC are compared to the buckling load calculated based on the vibration correlation technique. It is observed that the buckling loads predicted through the three different methods are in close agreement. The experimental results revealed that the buckling load and natural frequency of the syntactic foams increase with the cenosphere volume fraction. It is observed that the natural frequencies reduce with increases in the axial compression load for all the modes. However, a rapid increase in the fundamental frequency is observed when the compressive load is near and beyond the critical buckling load.
Balancing Prediction and Sensory Input in Speech Comprehension: The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Word Recognition in Context
Authors: Klimovich-Gray Anastasia , Tyler Lorraine K. , Randall Billi , Kocagoncu Ece , Devereux Barry , Marslen-Wilson William D. 
Published: November 2018

Spoken word recognition in context is remarkably fast and accurate, with recognition times of ∼200 ms, typically well before the end of the word. The neurocomputational mechanisms underlying these contextual effects are still poorly understood. This study combines source-localized electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (EMEG) measures of real-time brain activity with multivariate representational similarity analysis to determine directly the timing and computational content of the processes evoked as spoken words are heard in context, and to evaluate the respective roles of bottom-up and predictive processing mechanisms in the integration of sensory and contextual constraints. Male and female human participants heard simple (modifier-noun) English phrases that varied in the degree of semantic constraint that the modifier (W1) exerted on the noun (W2), as in pairs, such as “yellow banana.” We used gating tasks to generate estimates of the probabilistic predictions generated by these constraints as well as measures of their interaction with the bottom-up perceptual input for W2. Representation similarity analysis models of these measures were tested against electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic brain data across a bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal language network. Consistent with probabilistic predictive processing accounts, we found early activation of semantic constraints in frontal cortex (LBA45) as W1 was heard. The effects of these constraints (at 100 ms after W2 onset in left middle temporal gyrus and at 140 ms in left Heschl's gyrus) were only detectable, however, after the initial phonemes of W2 had been heard. Within an overall predictive processing framework, bottom-up sensory inputs are still required to achieve early and robust spoken word recognition in context.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman listeners recognize spoken words in natural speech contexts with remarkable speed and accuracy, often identifying a word well before all of it has been heard. In this study, we investigate the brain systems that support this important capacity, using neuroimaging techniques that can track real-time brain activity during speech comprehension. This makes it possible to locate the brain areas that generate predictions about upcoming words and to show how these expectations are integrated with the evidence provided by the speech being heard. We use the timing and localization of these effects to provide the most specific account to date of how the brain achieves an optimal balance between prediction and sensory input in the interpretation of spoken language.
Neonatal Outcomes of Very Preterm or Very Low Birth Weight Triplets
Authors: Shah Prakesh S. , Kusuda Satoshi , Håkansson Stellan , Reichman Brian , Lui Kei , Lehtonen Liisa , Modi Neena , Vento Maximo , Adams Mark , Rusconi Franca , Norman Mikael , Darlow Brian A. , Lodha Abhay , Yang Junmin , Bassler Dirk , Helenius Kjell K. , Isayama Tetsuya , Lee Shoo K. ,   on behalf of the International Network for Evaluation of Outcomes (iNEO) in Neonates Investigators
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the neonatal outcomes of very preterm triplets with those of matched singletons using a large international cohort.

METHODS:
A retrospective matched-cohort study of preterm triplets and singletons born between 2007 and 2013 in the International Network for Evaluation of Outcomes in neonates database countries and matched by gestational age, sex, and country of birth was conducted. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or severe neonatal morbidity (severe neurologic injury, treated retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for model 1 (maternal hypertension and birth weight z score) and model 2 (variables in model 1, antenatal steroids, and mode of birth). Models were fitted with generalizing estimating equations and random effects modeling to account for clustering.

RESULTS:
A total of 6079 triplets of 24 to 32 weeks’ gestation or 500 to 1499 g birth weight and 18 232 matched singletons were included. There was no difference in the primary outcome between triplets and singletons (23.4% vs 24.0%, adjusted odds ratio: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–1.01 for model 1 and 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90–1.11 for model 2). Rates of severe neonatal morbidities did not differ significantly between triplets and singletons. The results were also similar for a subsample of the cohort (1648 triplets and 4944 matched singletons) born at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation.

CONCLUSIONS:
No significant differences were identified in mortality or major neonatal morbidities between triplets who were very low birth weight or very preterm and matched singletons.
Distinction of apple cultivars according to their mal D 1 allergen coding genes using PCR technique
Authors: Szabó E.E. , Takács K. 
Published: November 2018

Apple is one of the most important fruit grown and consumed in the temperate climate region. About 2% of the European population suffers from several allergenic reactions after consumption. Presence of 7 members of Mal d 1 gene family occurring in some apples was examined by PCR. The Mal d 1.01 and 1.02 genes could be detected from 91% and 79% of apple cultivars, respectively, due to the high degree of conservative regions. The Mal d 1.04 gene has 4 functional varieties and 2 pseudo-alleles, so it is highly variable. The PCR amplifi cation with Mal d 1.06 primers gave one or two fragments with different sizes. The electrophoretic pattern is a suitable means to select apple cultivars according to their low, medium, or high Mal d 1 allergen content. Florina apple showed the single 154 bp allele, which is responsible for the small Mal d 1 allergen content in homozygote form..
Several samples gave weak signal or did not give any fragment-band on the gel, so Mal d 1.07 and 1.08 genes might have more varieties. Regarding the Mal d 1.09 gene we have found that it has conservative sequences in different apple cultivars and does not have too many varieties.
Turk Talk: human-machine hybrid virtual scenarios for professional education
Authors: Cullen Michelle , Sharma Nishan , Topps David 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Virtual scenarios provide a means for creating rich and complex online cases for health professional students to explore. However, the response options available to the learner are usually predefined, which limits the utility of virtual patients. Using artificial intelligence or natural language processing to accommodate such flexibility is expensive and hard to design. This project description lays out an alternative approach to making virtual scenarios more adaptable and interactive.Using OpenLabyrinth, an open-source educational research platform, we modified the interface and functionality to provide a human-computer hybrid interface, where a human facilitator can interact with learners from within the online case scenario. Using a design-based research approach, we have iteratively improved our cases, workflows and scripts and interface designs. The next step is testing this new functionality in a variety of situations. This report describes the pilot implementation of this pilot project. It includes the background, rationale, objectives, learning and educational designs, and implications for software development.The costs and time required to modify the software were much lower than anticipated. Facilitators managed text input from multiple concurrent learners. Learners noted a delay while waiting for the facilitator’s response, but denied becoming frustrated. The implementation and use of this new technique seems promising for training and assessment purposes related to developing effective communication skills. This report also explores the provisional implications arising from the study so far.
Evidence Underlying Recommendations and Payments from Industry to Authors of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines
Authors: Liu Xu , Tang Ling-Long , Mao Yan-Ping , Liu Qing , Sun Ying , Chen Lei , Lin Jin-Ching , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines are among the most widely used guidance in oncology. It is critical to understand the extent to which the recommendations in these guidelines are supported by evidence and to investigate whether these recommendations have been influenced by payments from industry to authors.

Materials and Methods
We examined the quality and consistency of evidence, as scored by guidelines authors, for systemic treatment incorporated in the NCCN guidelines. Payments data in 2015 were manually abstracted using the Open Payments database, which discloses all payments between the industry and American physicians. Correlations between the percentage of authors who received payments and the proportion of recommendations developed from low-level evidence per guideline were calculated using Spearman rank correlation.

Results
In total, 1,782 recommendations were identified in 29 guidelines, of which 1,282 (71.9%) were based on low-quality or low-consistency evidence (low-level evidence), including “case reports or clinical experience only” (18.9%). A substantial proportion (31/143, 21.7%) of category 1 (the highest level) recommendations were based on low-level evidence. The majority of authors (87.1%) received payments from industry. However, no association was found between the prevalence of payments among authors and the percentage of recommendations developed from low-level evidence per guideline.

Conclusion
The majority of systemic treatment recommendations in the NCCN guidelines are based on low-level evidence, including more than one in five category 1 recommendations. Payments from industry were prevalent among authors. However, industrial payments among authors were not associated with inclusion of regimen/agent for which there is no conclusive evidence in the guidelines.

Implications for Practice
The authors found that the majority (71.9%) of systemic treatment recommendations issued in the current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were based on low-level evidence. Physicians should remain cautious when using current guidelines as the sole source guiding patient care decisions.
İNKARSERE DEV MORGAGNİ HERNİSİ: OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: SARICIK BEKİR , Yıldız İhsan , Koca Yavuz savaş 
Published: November 2018

Morgagni hernisi, non travmatik diyafragma hernileri
arasında % 2-4 oranında görülen nadir bir durumdur. Yetişkin popülasyonda,
kadınlarda erkeklere oranla daha fazla görülmektedir. Klinik açıdan asemptomatik
bir durumdan, hayatı tehdit edici durumlara varana kadar,
geniş bir yelpazede karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Bu yazıda 72 yaşında Morgagni
hernisi tespit ettiğimiz ve cerrahi tedavi uyguladığımız bir hastayı, nadir
görülen bir durum olması nedeniyle sunmayı amaçladık.
As formas de tratamento no Teatro do Rio de Janeiro dos séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Machado Ana Carolina Morito 
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento das formas de tratamento ao interlocutor, que, nesta pesquisa, são consideradas Tradições Discursivas, na variedade do Rio de Janeiro no Português Brasileiro dos séculos XIX e XX. A distribuição dessas estratégias foi investigada em quatorze peças de teatro, à luz da teoria do Poder e da Solidariedade (Brown e Gilman, 2003[1960]). Os resultados apontam para uma predominância de tu até a primeira década do século XX e a preponderância absoluta da forma você, a partir da segunda década do século XX , especialmente nas relações simétricas solidárias e nas relações assimétricas ascendentes. Ressalta-se também o significativo emprego da forma nominal o(a) senhor(a), devido principalmente à presença de altos índices dessa forma nas relações simétricas não-solidárias e nas relações assimétricas ascendentes.
Bone Marrow-Derived Cellular Therapies in Orthopaedics
Authors: Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Mantripragada Venkata P. , Sumski Alan , Selvam Selvaanish , Boehm Cynthia , Muschler George F. 
Published: November 2018

* Bone marrow is a valuable source of cells for cell-based therapies in orthopaedics.* Bone marrow aspiration is most frequently performed from the iliac crest and has been reported to be a safe procedure, with a low complication rate in orthopaedics.* The bone marrow aspiration site, technique, and subsequent processing have a profound effect on the concentration and prevalence of connective tissue progenitors. The iliac crest generally provides the highest yield and prevalence of connective tissue progenitors.* Small aspiration volumes (1 to 2 mL each), using 10-mL syringes, and modifying the aspiration sites by 5 to 10 mm are recommended to optimize the yield of connective tissue progenitors during bone marrow aspiration.* In clinical trials of cell-based therapies derived from bone marrow aspiration, the aspiration technique (site, needle, syringe, aspiration volume, and anticoagulant, if used) should be reported.
MODERN METHODS OF FETAL ANTENATAL DIAGNOSTICS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE SUBSEQUENT CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kazantseva N. V. , Izranov V. A. , Shevtsova O. A. , Shotik Yu. V. 
Published: November 2018

The fetal neurobehaviour helps to evaluate the integrativity of the brain function. The distinctive signs of the fetal motor patterns allow us to diagnose developmental disorders at early stages.The purposeis to review literature related to the study of the integrative activity of the central nervous system, the development and use of modern methods of fetal neuropsychological ultrasound diagnostics - the antenatal test of neurodevelopment after A. Kurjak (Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test - KANET).The results and conclusion.Using ultrasound of pregnant women at different gestation periods helps us to directly observe and evaluate fetal movements reflecting activity of the maturing central nervous system. The KANET test based on the observation of the fetal motor pattern according to the Prechtl’s method allows us to evaluate the fetal motor activity and predict development and functioning of the central nervous system after birth. The fetal antenatal neuropsychological diagnostics is used for timely detection of the disorders of central nervous system and early implementation of preventive and curative measures for the consequences of CNS damage: neurological, emotional and behavioral disorders in older children.
A green dispersive liquid phase microextraction technique based on the solidification of switchable hydrophilic fatty acid for determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples
Authors: Hosseininejad Mahsa Sadat , Faraji Hakim , Jamshidi Ahmad 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A green dispersive liquid phase microextraction approach based on the solidification of switchable hydrophilic fatty acid as an extraction phase has been developed for the determination of 16 priority polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples. In this study, the centrifugation step was omitted by the applying salting-out phenomenon. The influence of main variables on the efficiency of the procedure was studied by chemometric methods. Under optimal conditions, the completion time for extraction was less than 1 min, and the detector response was linear in the range of 0.1–250 μg L−1. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were estimated as the concentration range of 0.01–0.14 μg L−1 and 0.03–0.47 μg L−1, respectively. The precision consists of repeatability and reproducibility, which were determined by calculating the relative standard deviation percent; their values were less than 7.2% and 10.5%, respectively. Applicability of the developed procedure was successfully evaluated for the analysis of PAHs in different water samples.
Колонізаційна резистентність слизової оболонки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним гіпотиреозом
Authors: Sydorchuk L.I. , Sydorchuk A.S. 
Published: November 2018

Актуальність. Мікроекосистема організму людини тісно взаємодіє з імунною та ендокринною системами, і власне мікробіом приепітеліальної біоплівки слизової оболонки товстої кишки є одним з найчутливіших біотопів, здатних зазнавати змін за різних захворювань. Мета. Встановлення мікробіологічної структури (видовий склад і популяційний рівень мікрофлори) приепітеліальної біологічної плівки слизової оболонки товстої кишки білих щурів з експериментальним гіпотиреозом. Матеріали та методи. Проведено експерименти на 25 статевозрілих самцях білих щурів масою 220–240 г, з яких 15 тварин були віднесені до контрольної групи (інтактні тварини), 10 щурів належали до основної групи. Експериментальний гіпотиреоз моделювали шляхом внутрішньошлункового введення мерказолілу впродовж 14 днів. У стерильних умовах проводили лапаротомію, брали відрізок (до 3 см) товстої кишки з її вмістом. Відмиту частину кишки гомогенізували зі стерильним 0,9% розчином хлориду натрію. Готували серію десятикратних розведень з концентрацією суміші від 10–2 до 10–7. З кожної пробірки 0,01 мл висівали на тверді оптимальні живильні середовища з подальшим виділенням та ідентифікацією мікробів за морфологічними, тинкторіальними, культуральними та біохімічними властивостями. Результати. Колонізаційна резистентність приепітеліальної біоплівки слизової оболонки товстої кишки в експерименті на дослідних тваринах при моделюванні гіпотиреозу зазнає змін: знижується популяційний рівень лактобактерій на 51,58 %, біфідобактерій — на 37,35 %, бактероїдів — на 22,82 %, пептострептококів — на 6,5 %. Приепітеліальна біоплівка контамінується кишковою паличкою та іншими ентеробактеріями (Proteus, Klebsiella), P.niger, стафілококами. Встановлено зростання популяційного рівня кишкових паличок на 10,31 % і клостридій на 8,2 %. Детерміновано дисбіотичні порушення І–III ступеня, що потребує корекції і лікування за допомогою пробіотиків. Висновки. В експерименті на білих щурах при мерказоліл-модельованому гіпотиреозі встановлено елімінацію бактерій роду Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, контамінацію і колонізацію біотопу умовно-патогенними мікроорганізмами родів Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Peptococcus на тлі зростання популяційного рівня кишкової палички. Наявні порушення мікробіоценозу у вигляді дисбіозу I–III ступеня.
Маркетингові дослідження комбінованих твердих лікарських форм в Україні
Authors: Trygubchak O. V. 
Published: November 2018

Проведено дослiдження асортименту лiкарських засобiв, зареєстрованих на фармацевтичному ринку України. Проаналiзовано структуру асортименту за групами АТС-класифікації. При аналізі ринку встановлено, що комбіновані препарати становлять 21 %. Більшість комбінованих лікарських засобів випускаються у твердих лікарських формах. Вони становлять 62,63 % від усіх комбінованих препаратів. Проаналiзована структура розподілу комбінованих лікарських засобів у твердих лікарських формах показує, що 65,63 % комбінованих твердих лікарських засобів представлено у формі таблеток. Серед комбінованих таблеток більшість препаратів представлено у формі таблеток, вкритих оболонкою, та таблеток, вкритих плівковою оболонкою. Результати аналізу демонструють, що серед комбінованих препаратів у твердих лікарських формах значну кількість становлять порошки (17,76 %) і капсули (10,85 %). Здійснений аналіз лікарських форм свідчить, що найбільшу популярність серед споживачів мають тверді лікарські форми комбінованого складу.