bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Correlation of Stress and Thermal Effects on Porosity and Permeability of Naturally Fractured Formations by a Modified Power Law
Authors: Civan Faruk 
Published: September 2019

SummaryEffective theory and methodology are proposed and validated for accurate correlation of stress–dependent petrophysical properties of naturally fractured or induced–fractured reservoir formations by means of a matrix/fracture dual–compressibility treatment. Inspection of various experimental data indicates a sudden change in trends at a certain critical net effective stress in the stress dependence of petrophysical properties of porous rocks as a result of a stress shock caused by the opening or closing of fractures. The variation of petrophysical properties in fractured–rock formations subjected to stress loading/unloading and thermally induced stress occurs mainly by deformation of the fractures below the critical effective stress and the deformation of the matrix above the critical effective stress. The alteration of petrophysical properties and a slope discontinuity might also be experienced when the stress exceeds the onset of other rock–alteration/damaging processes, such as pore collapsing and grain crushing. Proper formulations of the relevant processes and special correlation methods are presented in a manner to capture this nature of the petrophysical experimental data obtained by testing of cores extracted from naturally fractured or induced–fractured reservoir–rock formations. The dependency of porosity and permeability of fractured–rock samples under stress because of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical effects is represented accurately by a modified–power–law equation derived from a kinetics model as confirmed by effective correlations of various experimental data. It is shown that this new model represents the thermal effect better than the frequently used Arrhenius (1889) equation and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation (Vogel 1921; Fulcher 1925; Tammann and Hesse 1926).
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD) reporter enzyme assay for Escherichia coli
Authors: Huber Madeleine , Soppa Jörg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD) is a recently introduced reporter enzyme for E. coli [1]. GlpD calalyzes the oxidation of Glycerin-3-phosphate (G3P) to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate (DHAP). The oxidation is coupled to the reduction of the artificial yellow substrate tetrazol-3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid (MTT) to a blue-violet formazan, which is mediated by the electron carrier phenazin-methanosulfate (PMS). This leads to an increase in absorption at 570 nm, which is measured to quantify the GlpD activity. To avoid background, it is best to use an E. coli strain with a deletion of the chromosomal glpD gene, which is available e.g. at the Keio collection [2]. The glpD gene can be used for transcriptional fusions, e.g. to characterize promoters, and also for translational fusions, e.g. to study translational regulation. The assay was adapted to the microtiter plate format to enable the parallel handling of a large number of samples. The “procedure” (see below) describes an application with the glpD gene in a translational fusion with the gene of interest cloned under the control of the inducible arabinose promoter PBAD.
Hierarchical transcriptional control regulates Plasmodium falciparum sexual differentiation
Authors: Biljon Riëtte van , Wyk Roelof van , Painter Heather J. , Orchard Lindsey , Reader Janette , Niemand Jandeli , Llinás Manuel , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Malaria pathogenesis relies on sexual gametocyte forms of the malaria parasite to be transmitted between the infected human and the mosquito host but the molecular mechanisms controlling gametocytogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we provide a high-resolution transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum as it commits to and develops through gametocytogenesis.

Results

The gametocyte-associated transcriptome is significantly different from that of the asexual parasites, with dynamic gene expression shifts characterizing early, intermediate and late-stage gametocyte development and results in differential timing for sex-specific transcripts. The transcriptional dynamics suggest strict transcriptional control during gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum, which we propose is mediated by putative regulators including epigenetic mechanisms (driving active repression of proliferation-associated processes) and a cascade-like expression of ApiAP2 transcription factors.

Conclusions

The gametocyte transcriptome serves as the blueprint for sexual differentiation and will be a rich resource for future functional studies on this critical stage of Plasmodium development, as the intraerythrocytic transcriptome has been for our understanding of the asexual cycle.
Reporting guideline for priority setting of health research (REPRISE)
Authors: Tong Allison , Synnot Anneliese , Crowe Sally , Hill Sophie , Matus Andrea , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Oliver Sandy , Cowan Katherine , Nasser Mona , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Gutman Talia , Baumgart Amanda , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Research priority setting with stakeholders can help direct the limited resources for health research toward priority areas of need. Ensuring transparency of the priority setting process can strengthen legitimacy and credibility for influencing the research agenda. This study aims to develop a reporting guideline for priority setting of health research. Methods We searched electronic databases and relevant websites for were searched for sources (frameworks, guidelines, or models for conducting, appraising, reporting or evaluating health research priority setting, and reviews (including systematic reviews)), and primary studies of research priority setting to July 2019. We inductively developed a list of reporting items and piloted the preliminary guideline with a diverse range of 30 priority setting studies from the records retrieved. Results From 21556 records, we included 26 sources for the candidate REPRISE framework and 455 primary research studies. The REporting guideline for PRIority SEtting of health research (REPRISE) has 31 reporting items that cover 10 domains: context and scope, governance and team, framework for priority setting, stakeholders/participants, identification and collection of priorities, prioritization of research topics, output, evaluation and feedback, translation and implementation, and funding and conflict of interest. Each reporting item includes a descriptor and examples. Conclusions The REPRISE guideline can facilitate comprehensive reporting of studies of research priority setting. Improved transparency in research priority setting may strengthen the acceptability and implementation of the research priorities identified, so that efforts and funding are invested in generating evidence that is of importance to all stakeholders.
A novel predictive model based on inflammatory markers to assess the prognosis of patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qiang Li , Qin Jiao , Sun Changfeng , Sheng Yunjian , Chen Wen , Qiu Bangdong , Chen Xin , Chen Yuanfang , Liu Fei , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds: Systemic inflammatory response is closely related to the development and prognosis of liver failure. This study aimed to establish a new model combing the inflammatory markers including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with several hematological testing indicators to assess the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods: A derivation cohort with 421 patients and a validation cohort with 156 patients were recruited from three hospitals. Retrospectively collecting their clinical data and laboratory testing indicators . Medcalc-15.10 software was employed for Data analyses.Results: Multivariate analysis indicated that RDW, NLR, INR, TBIL and Cr were risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF. The risk assessment model is COX RNTIC =0.053× R DW+0.027× N LR+0.003× T BIL+0.317× I NR+0.003× C r (RNTIC) with a cut-off value of 3.082 (sensitivity: 77.89%, specificity: 86.04%). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of the RNTIC was 0.873 [95%CI (0.837–0.903)], better than the predictive value of RDW [0.675, 95%CI (0.628–0.719)], NLR [0.693, 95%CI (0.646–0.737)] and MELD score [0.732, 95%CI (0.687–0.774)]. In the validation cohort, RNTIC also performed a better prediction value than RDW, NLR, and MELD score with the AUC of [0.845, 95%CI (0.778-0.898)], [0.670, 95%CI (0.591-0.744)], [0.732, 95%CI (0.655-0.799)] and [0.768, 95%CI (0.694-0.832)], respectively.Conclusions: The inflammatory markers RDW and NLR could be used as independent predictors of 90-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF. Compared with MELD score, RNTIC had a more powerful predictive value for prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.
Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Anesthesia in the Operating Room
Authors: Faruki Adeel Ahmad , Nguyen Thy , Proeschel Samantha , Levy Nadav , Yu Jessica , Ip Victoria , Mueller Ariel , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , O’Gara Brian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have resulted in its expansion into healthcare. Preliminary studies have found VR to be effective as an adjunct to anesthesia to reduce pain and anxiety for patients during upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, dental procedures and joint arthroplasties. Current standard care practice for upper extremity surgery includes a combination of regional anesthesia and intraoperative propofol sedation. Commonly, patients receive deep propofol sedation during these cases, leading to potentially avoidable risks of over-sedation, hypotension, upper airway obstruction, and apnea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR technology to promote relaxation for patients undergoing upper extremity surgery, thereby reducing intraoperative anesthetic requirements and improving the perioperative patient experience.Methods In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 40 adult patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic surgery will be randomly allocated to either intraoperative VR immersion or usual care. VR immersion is designed to provide patients a relaxing virtual environment to alleviate intraoperative anxiety. All patients receive a peripheral nerve block prior to surgery. Patients in the intervention group will select videos or immersive environments that will be played in the VR headset during surgery. An anesthesia provider will perform their usual clinical responsibilities intraoperatively and can administer anesthetic medications if/when clinically necessary. Patients in the control arm will undergo perioperative anesthesia according to standard care practice. The primary outcome is the difference in intraoperative propofol dose between groups. Secondary outcomes include postoperative analgesia requirements and pain scores, length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, overall patient satisfaction and postoperative functional outcomes.Discussion It is unknown whether the use of VR during upper extremity surgery can reduce intraoperative anesthetic requirements, reduce perioperative complications, or improve the postoperative patient experience. A positive result of this clinical trial would add to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of VR as an adjunct to anesthesia in reducing intraoperative pain and anxiety for multiple procedure types. This could lead to a change in practice, with the introduction of a non-pharmacologic intervention potentially reducing the burden of over-sedation while still providing a satisfactory perioperative experience.
Simultaneous quantile regression and determinants of under-five severe chronic malnutrition in Ghana.
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Under-five malnutrition is a major public health issue contributing to mortality and morbidity, especially in developing countries like Ghana where the rates remain unacceptably high. Identification of critical risk factors of under-five malnutrition using appropriate and advanced statistical methods can help formulate appropriate health programmes and policies aimed at achieving the United Nations SDG Goal 2 target 2. This study attempts to develop a simultaneous quantile regression, an in-depth statistical model to identify critical risk factors of under-five severe chronic malnutrition (severe stunting).Methods Based on the nationally representative data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was estimated. Multivariable simultaneous quantile regression modelling was employed to identify critical risk factors for severe stunting based on HAZ (a measure of chronic malnutrition in populations). Quantiles of HAZ with focus on severe stunting were modelled and the impact of the risk factors determined. Significant test of the difference between slopes at different selected quantiles of severe stunting and other quantiles were performed. A quantile regression plots of slopes were developed to visually examine the impact of the risk factors across these quantiles.Results Data on a total of 2716 children were analysed out of which 144 (5.3%) were severely stunted. The models identified child level factors such as type of birth, sex, age, place of delivery and size at birth as significant risk factors of under-five severe stunting. Maternal and household level factors identified as significant predictors of under-five severe stunting were maternal age and education, maternal national health insurance status, household wealth status, and number of children under-five in households. Highly significant differences exist in the slopes between 0.1 and 0.9 quantiles. The quantile regression plots for the selected quantiles from 0.1 to 0.9 showed substantial differences in the impact of the covariates across the quantiles of HAZ considered.Conclusion Critical risk factors that can aid formulation of child nutrition and health policies and interventions that will improve child nutritional outcomes and survival were identified. Modelling under-five severe stunting using multivariable simultaneous quantile regression models could be beneficial to addressing the under-five severe stunting.
Variability of permeability and seepage characteristics in soil landslides: a test case in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Xu Qiang , Yang He , Tang Ming-Gao , Li Song-Lin , Li Hua-Jin , Xiao Xian-Xuan , Alonso-Rodriguez Andres , Cai Guo-Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study presents assessments of the spatial variability of a soil landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China. The results challenge the idea that variability of permeability within a landslide is secondary. Consequently, it cannot be assessed through single representative values. It was found that its variability spans two orders of magnitude, a consequence of it being influenced by both morphology and regolith properties. Identification of zones that display comparable behavior can be done through assessment of remote-sensing images collected by drones, as growth patterns of vegetation correspond well with zones that displayed similar permeability coefficients within the landslide body. Furthermore, extensive variability of permeability was caused by a diverse range of seepage mechanisms, namely pipe network flow, interface network seepage and pore water seepage. Thus, the hydraulic behavior of large landslide bodies is remarkably complex.
Treatment of feces from beef cattle fed the enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol
Authors: Nkemka Valentine Nkongndem , Beauchemin Karen A. , Hao Xiying 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study evaluated the residual effect of the known enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP) on anaerobic digestion of cattle feces (feces) in a CH4 potential batch test and two consecutive runs of an anaerobic leach bed reactor at a solids retention time of 40 days. The feces used in this study were collected from beef cattle fed forage- (backgrounding) or grain- (finishing) based diets supplemented with 3NOP in feedlot and metabolism studies. The results showed that CH4 yields were not significantly different from treatments using control feces and feces collected from cattle fed a diet supplemented with 3NOP in both CH4 potential and leach bed studies. Spiking feces with 200 mg 3NOP kg−1 dry matter decreased CH4 production rate by 8.0–18.1% estimated from the Gompertz equation, increased the lag phase time (0.4–3.4 d) in all the treatments, while there was no significant difference in the overall CH4 yield. Results from this study showed that 3NOP can be used as an effective enteric CH4 inhibitor with no residual effect on anaerobic digestion.
Influence of chloride ions on organic contaminants decolorization through the Fe0-activated persulfate oxidation process: efficiency and intermediates
Authors: Ding Feng , Xie Yong , Wu Tengyan , Liu Na 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of chloride ions (Cl−) on organic contaminants decolorization by the Fe0-activated persulfate process (PS/Fe0), as well as the generation of transformation products. Orange II (OII) was chosen as the target pollution. The results indicated that Cl− influenced the OII decolorization by PS/Fe0 system, resulting in the generation of chlorine-containing by-products. OII containing Cl− solution can be efficiently decolorized by PS/Fe0 process, and the decolorization efficiencies changed depending on Cl− concentration due to the reaction between Cl− and sulfate radicals (SO4–•). The operating cost for 94% color and 64% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of the OII dye was estimated at 0.73 USD/m3. The chlorine-containing by-products, such as chlorobenzene, 3,5-dichloro-benzene-1,2-diol, and 2,3-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphthoquinone, were generated during the reaction. The results further indicated that increasing both PS concentration and temperature enhanced OII decolorization and reduced the generation of chlorine-containing intermediates. The addition of ultrasound can further decrease the generation of chlorine-containing intermediates under high-temperature conditions. The proposed pathways of decolorization of OII containing Cl− also indicated that SO4–• dominated the OII degradation, while the presence of Cl− led to the generation of chlorine-containing intermediates.
Removal of phenol and phosphate from aqueous solutions using activated carbons prepared from oily sludge through physical and chemical activation
Authors: Mojoudi Niloofar , Soleimani Mohsen , Mirghaffari Nourollah , Belver Carolina , Bedia Jorge 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons (ACs) from oily sludge by physical and chemical activation using steam, ZnCl2 and FeCl3 were investigated. The characteristics of produced adsorbents were determined by iodine number, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Batch adsorption experiments for phenol and phosphate were performed to evaluate the efficiency of adsorbents. The optimum porous structure of adsorbents with a BET surface area of 1,259 m2 g−1, total pore volume of 1.22 cm3 g−1 and iodine number of 994 mg g−1 was achieved by ZnCl2 activation at 500 °C and impregnation ratio of 1:1. The adsorption data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2&gt;0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2&gt;0.99). The maximum adsorption capacity of phenol (238 mg g−1) and phosphate (102 mg g−1) based on the Langmuir model was achieved at pH of 6.0 and adsorbent dose of 1 g L−1. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol and phosphate onto the AC was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. The results suggested that prepared AC was an effective adsorbent for removal of phenol and phosphate ions from the polluted water.
Multidimensional Land-use Information for Local Planning and Land Resources Assessment in Indonesia: Classification Scheme for Information Extraction from High-Spatial Resolution Imagery
Authors: Danoedoro Projo 
Published: September 2019

Suitable land-cover/land-use information is rarely available in most developing countries, particularly when newness, accuracy, relevance, and compatibility are used as evaluation criteria. In Indonesia, various institutions developed their own maps with considerable differences in classification schemes, data sources and scales, as well as in survey methods. Redundant land-cover/land-use surveys of the same area are frequently carried out to ensure the data contains relevant information. To overcome this problem, a multidimensional land-use classification system was developed. The system uses satellite imagery as main data source, with a multi-dimensional approach to link land-cover information to land-use-related categories. The land-cover/land-use layers represent image-based land-cover (spectral), spatial, temporal, ecological and socio-economic dimensions. The final land-cover/land-use database can be used to derive a map with specific content relevant to particular planning tasks. Methods for mapping each dimension are described in this paper, with examples using Quickbird satellite imagery covering a small part the Semarang area, Indonesia. The approaches and methods used in this study may be applied to other countries having characteristics similar to those of Indonesia
Sobre intermidialidade: cinema, Maracatus, Tatuagem e pós-tropicalismos
Authors: Paiva Samuel 
Published: September 2019

O Cinema Brasileiro viu surgir, nos anos 1990, uma geração de cineastas com propostas que se caracterizaram em boa medida pela intermidialidade, ou seja, pelo encontro do cinema com outras mídias. Em Recife (Pernambuco), ocorreu a eclosão do Manguebeat, com sua ênfase musical que também levou à criação do Árido Movie, a vertente cinematográfica do Movimento Mangue, que repercute até hoje. Com tal premissa, este texto analisa políticas de intermidialidade a partir do cinema pernambucano e de suas releituras tropicalistas, envolvendo, como estudo de caso, o curta-metragem Maracatu, maracatus (Marcelo Gomes, 1995) e os longas Árido Movie (Lírio Ferreira, 2005) e Tatuagem (Hilton Lacerda, 2013), experimentando um método de análise orientado pelo conceito de intermidialidade.
Comunicação digital, economia de dados e a racionalização do tempo: algoritmos, mercado e controle na era dos bits
Authors: Silva Sivaldo Pereira da 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo trata dos processos de comunicação digital e de dataficação (ou datificação) da vida observando como a noção de tempo é tratada pela emergente economia baseada em dados. O objetivo é desenvolver uma análise conceitual e teórica sobre este problema, buscando contribuir para uma melhor compreensão acerca dos mecanismos de seu funcionamento. O estudo propõe três principais eixos analíticos que estão no coração da indústria de dados e que envolvem a chamada racionalização do tempo: (a) a dataficação do tempo como commodity: (b) a positivação do tempo como mercadoria e; (b) a projeção do tempo como bem-de-capital. A partir de uma abordagem descritiva e analítica, o estudo buscou evidenciar as principais características destas dimensões situando-as como fenômenos concretos e estruturantes que tendem hoje a se expandir em todas as direções da atividade humana como vetores típicos dos novos movimentos econômicos deste século.