bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Conversion of Residual Palm Oil in Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) By HZSM-5 Zeolite based-Catalysts
Authors: Musa Mohd Lukman , Mat Ramli , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran 
Published: November 2018

Bleaching earth is used to remove colour, phospholipids, oxidized products, metals and residual gums in the palm oil process refinery. Once adsorption process end, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) which contains approximately 20-40 wt. % of the adsorbed oil was usually disposed to landfills. The oil content in SBE was recovered by catalytic cracking using transition metal (Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) doped HZSM-5 zeolite in a batch reactor (pyrolysis zone) and fixed bed reactor (catalyst bed). The 5 wt. % of each metallic was introduced in HZSM-5 zeolite using incipient wetness impregnation method. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of modified HZSM-5 zeolite for cracking of residual oil in SBE. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, Nitrogen adsorption, and TPD-NH3. Liquid biofuel obtained from cracking was analyzed by GC-MS. The incorporation of metallic loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite has reduced the surface area of the catalyst that gives a significant impact to the catalytic behavior. The Ni/HZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the highest yields of alkenes as compared to others but slightly decreases the yield of alkanes whereas in contrast with the Cr/HZSM-5, the obtained alkanes were found higher than that of alkenes. In addition, the Cr/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 favored the conversion of polycyclic aromatics to mono-aromatics, whereas parent HZSM-5 catalyst favored the formation of poly-aromatics. These results indicated that the metal loaded on HZSM-5 can promote the cracking of heavy fractions to lighter hydrocarbon thus can be used for cracking oil in SBE.
Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide by Incorporation of Co2+
Authors: Li Deyang , Fan Lihui , Qi Min , Shen Yanming , Liu Dongbin , Li Shifeng 
Published: November 2018

Co-doped ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) were papered by coprecipitation. The prepared samples were characterized by multiple techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and UV−Vis Diffuse-Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV−Vis DRS). The incorporation of Co2+ into the ZnAl LDH sheets as CrO6 octahedron forms a new energy level which contributes for the excitation of electrons under visible light. The doped Co2+ at a reasonable content also serves as photo-generated charges separator and improves the visible light photocatalytic activity of ZnAl LDH. A degradation mechanism based on the hydroxyl radical as the active species was proposed.
Effect of Incorporating TiO2 Photocatalyst in PVDF Hollow Fibre Membrane for Photo-Assisted Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Abdullah Norashima , Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Wan Mansor Wan Nurdiyana , Abdullah Sureena 
Published: November 2018

A rapid growth in populations, living standards and industries has become a key contribution to water pollution. Clean water is an important resource for life, sustainable development and ecosystems. This study therefore investigates the photocatalytic degradation of an organic pollutant (methylene blue) using PVDF/TiO2 membrane. The main objective of the study is to determine the synergistic effect of incorporating TiO2 photocatalyst into the PVDF membrane on the mineralization of the organic pollutants. The TiO2 photocatalyst was characterized using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmettt, and Teller (BET), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. While the fabricated PVDF/TiO2 hollow fibre membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle. The performance of the membrane was evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue. The degradation study revealed that both the undoped PVDF and the TIO2 doped PVDF membrane were capable of degrading methylene blue. The performance of the membrane can be ranked as follows 9 wt% TiO2/PVDF > 6 wt% TiO2/PVDF > 3 wt% TiO2/PVDF > undoped PVDF showing the synergistic effect of incorporating the TiO2 photocatalyst into the PVDF membrane. The kinetics data of obtained from the rate of degradation of the methylene blue fitted well into first order kinetic data with apparent kinetic constants of 0.0591, 0.0295, 0.0188, and 0.0100 obtained using pure membrane, undoped PVDF, 3 wt% TiO2/PVDF, 6 wt% TiO2/PVDF, and 9 wt% TiO2/PVDF, respectively.
Concurrent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation and Dye Degradation Using MIL‐125‐NH2 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Kampouri Stavroula , Nguyen Tu N. , Spodaryk Mariana , Palgrave Robert G. , Züttel Andreas , Smit Berend , Stylianou Kyriakos C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe impact of different transition metal‐based co‐catalysts toward photocatalytic water reduction when they are physically mixed with visible‐light active MIL‐125‐NH2 is first systematically studied. All co‐catalyst/MIL‐125‐NH2 photocatalytic systems are found to be highly stable after photocatalysis, with the NiO/MIL‐125‐NH2 and Ni2P/MIL‐125‐NH2 systems exhibiting high hydrogen (H2) evolution rates of 1084 and 1230 µmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Second, how different electron donors affect the stability and H2 generation rate of the best Ni2P/MIL‐125‐NH2 system is investigated and it is found that triethylamine fulfils both requirements. Then, the electron donor is replaced with rhodamine B (RhB), a dye that is commonly used as a simulant organic pollutant, with the aim of integrating the photocatalytic H2 generation with the degradation of RhB in a single process. This is of supreme importance as replacing the costly (and toxic) electron donors with hazardous molecules present in wastewater makes it possible to oxidize organic pollutants and produce H2 simultaneously. This is the first study where a metal–organic framework (MOF) system is used for this dual‐photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination and the proof‐of‐concept approach envisions a sustainable waste‐water remediation process driven by the abundant solar energy, while H2 is produced, captured, and further utilized.
Retracted: Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides, Polysaccharides, and Targeted Peptide‐Functionalized Gold Nanorods for the Combined Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Shasha , Xu Chunyu , Fu Lingling , Liu Tuanbing , Zhao Yongxing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) possess complicated pathogenesis. Therefore, RA is hard to treat by monotherapies in clinical setting. All‐in‐one treatments that target inflamed joints and act efficiently are highly needed. Gold compounds are old anti‐RA therapies and are fabricated into gold nanorods (GNRs) that serve as anti‐RA therapeutics as well as nanocarriers for anti‐inflammatory nucleic acid drug‐NF‐κB‐decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (dODNs). A targeted peptide to vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) (PVCAM‐1) is modified onto the GNRs to facilitate enhanced accumulation of GNRs in inflamed tissues and enhanced cellular uptake of GNRs by inflamed cells. dODNs loaded and PVCAM‐1 modified GNRs (GNRs‐dODN‐PVCAM‐1) are covered by polysialic acid (PSA) to protect GNRs‐dODN‐PVCAM‐1 in vivo. Simultaneous GNRs, dODN, and thermotherapy show synergic effect on the reduction of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in inflamed macrophages and blood vessel cells. The simultaneous triple therapy (GNRs‐dODN‐PSA‐PVCAM‐1+laser) demonstrates excellent anti‐inflammatory efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
2D AlN Layers Sandwiched Between Graphene and Si Substrates
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Zheng Yulin , Li Xiaochan , Li Yuan , Zhao Hui , Huang Liegen , Yang Zhichao , Zhang Xiaona , Li Guoqiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to the superior thickness‐dependent properties, 2D materials have exhibited great potential for applications in next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Despite the significant progress that has been achieved, the synthesis of 2D AlN remains challenging. This work reports on the epitaxial growth of 2D AlN layers via utilizing physically transferred graphene on Si substrates by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The 2D AlN layers sandwiched between graphene and Si substrates are confirmed by annular bright‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and the effect of hydrogenation on the formation of 2D AlN layers is clarified by theoretical calculations with first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. Moreover, the bandgap of as‐grown 2D AlN layers is theoretically predicted to be ≈9.63 eV and is experimentally determined to be 9.20–9.60 eV. This ultrawide bandgap semiconductor shows great promise in deep‐ultraviolet optoelectronic applications. These results are expected to support innovative and front‐end development of optoelectronic devices.
Revealing Photoluminescence Modulation from Layered Halide Perovskite Microcrystals upon Cyclic Compression
Authors: Castelli Andrea , Biffi Giulia , Ceseracciu Luca , Spirito Davide , Prato Mirko , Altamura Davide , Giannini Cinzia , Artyukhin Sergey , Krahne Roman , Manna Liberato , Arciniegas Milena P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHalide perovskites show promise for high‐efficiency solar energy conversion and light‐emitting diode devices owing to their bandgap, which falls within the visible optical range. However, due to their rigidity, GPa pressures are necessary to control the complex interplay between their electronic and crystallographic structure. Layered perovskites are likely to be controlled using much lower pressures by exploiting the optical anisotropy of the embedded organic molecules in the structure. This work introduces layered perovskite microplatelets and demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of their emission to cyclic mechanical loading in the range of tens of MPa. A drastic change in their emission is observed in situ, from near‐white to an enhanced blue color. This process is reversible, as is evident from a hysteresis loop in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the microplatelets. A combination of experimental analysis and computational modelling shows that such behavior cannot be attributed to changes in the crystallographic structure of the flakes. Instead, it suggests that, thanks to their structural anisotropy, microplate alignment and reorientation are responsible for the observed PL modulation. The possibility to tune the optical emission of layered perovskite crystals via low pressures makes them highly interesting as active materials in applications where stress sensing or light modulation is desired.
2D Patterned Ion‐Exchange Membranes Induce Electroconvection
Authors: Roghmans Florian , Evdochenko Elizaveta , Stockmeier Felix , Schneider Sven , Smailji Amel , Tiwari Rahul , Mikosch Annabel , Karatay Elif , Kühne Alexander , Walther Andreas , Mani Ali , Wessling Matthias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConcentration polarization is a diffusion‐limited phenomenon for ion transport in electrodialysis based desalination processes. Once a so‐called limiting current is reached, the resistance of the system rises notably manifested as a plateau region in the current–voltage curves. For long it is hypothesized that altering the surface properties of the membrane can overcome the diffusional transport limitation by the induction of electroconvective vortices mixing the laminar boundary layer. To systematically investigate the influence of geometrical and chemical membrane surface topology on the evolution of electroconvection, circular patterns of polystyrene, poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP), and P2VP microgels are inkjet printed on cation‐exchange membranes. All types of patterns cause an insignificant increase in membrane resistance but they reduce the plateau lengths indicating the desired accelerated onset of electroconvection. In case of polystyrene (PS) patterns, the drop in plateau length results in a small reduction in transport resistance for overlimiting currents. However, membranes modified with linear P2VP and P2VP microgel patterns do exhibit a significantly decreased resistance in this region at a simultaneous increase of the limiting current density. Direct numerical simulations support the interpretation that the surface charge of the printed patterns influences the direction of the vortices being advantageous during ion transport toward the membrane.
Lateral Graphene p–n Junctions Realized by Nanoscale Bipolar Doping Using Surface Electric Dipoles and Self‐Organized Molecular Anions
Authors: Zhang Yong , Hu Guangliang , Gong Maogang , Alamri Mohammed , Ma Chunrui , Liu Ming , Wu Judy Z. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLateral p–n junctions take the unique advantages of 2D materials, such as graphene, to enable single‐atomic layer microelectronics. A major challenge in fabrication of the lateral p–n junctions is in the control of electronic properties on a 2D atomic sheet with nanometer precision. Herein, a facile approach that employs decoration of molecular anions of bis‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐imide (TFSI) to generate p‐doping on the otherwise n‐doped graphene by positively polarized surface electric dipoles (pointing toward the surface) formed on the surface oxygen‐deficient layer “intrinsic” to an oxide ferroelectric back gate is reported. The characteristic double conductance minima V
Dirac− and V
Dirac

+
illustrated in the obtained lateral graphene p–n junctions can be tuned in the range of −1 to 0 V and 0 to +1 V, respectively, by controlling the TFSI anions and surface dipoles quantitatively. The unique advantage of this approach is in adoption of polarity‐controlled molecular ion attachment on graphene, which could be further developed for various lateral electronics on 2D materials.
A voltammetric sensor based on the use of reduced graphene oxide and hollow gold nanoparticles for the quantification of methyl parathion and parathion in agricultural products
Authors: Lu Juxiu , Sun Yufeng , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Xu Zhixiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, a novel voltammetric sensor is described for the determination of methyl parathion and parathion based on reduced graphene oxide and hollow gold nanoparticles immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode. Sensitivity is improved by making use of two‐step square wave voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry revealed the sensor to display excellent response to both methyl parathion and parathion, even at very low concentrations. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear response to methyl parathion in the 0.3–10 μM concentration range, and a linear response to parathion in the 0.11–50 μM concentration range. The respective detection limits are 0.12 μM for methyl parathion and 23 nM for parathion. The method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl parathion and parathion in spiked samples and gave recoveries between 76.7% and 112.1%. It was also used to detect residual methyl parathion and parathion in fruit and vegetables, with results correlating well with those obtained by gas chromatography.
The effect of e‐commerce agribusiness clusters on farmers’ migration decisions in China
Authors: Qi Jiaqi , Zheng Xiaoyong , Cao Peng , Zhu Liqun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing household survey data from three Agro‐Taobao villages, which are clusters of e‐commerce agribusinesses recently appeared in China, and three nearby non‐Agro‐Taobao villages, we examine whether originating from an Agro‐Taobao village influences a farmer’s migration decision. Results show that individuals from Agro‐Taobao villages are 26% less likely to migrate than their counterparts from non‐Agro‐Taobao villages, after controlling for various factors that are likely to influence the migration decision such as demographic characteristics, migration experience, educational background, and health status. Policy implications of our findings are also discussed. [EconLit citations: Q13; Q12]
Treatment‐free remission with first‐ and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Rea Delphine , Lipton Jeffrey H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has become a chronic disease, for which the chronic phase is manageable with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Patients with optimal responses to TKIs have achieved long‐term survival, and treatment‐free remission (TFR) has since become an additional treatment goal in CML. In this review, we discuss important factors to consider prior to stopping treatment. In addition, published and presented data with the first‐generation TKI imatinib, as well as current clinical trials evaluating TFR with the second‐generation TKIs dasatinib and nilotinib, are examined. Results obtained outside of clinical trials have been included as well. Because successful TKI discontinuation depends upon accurate BCR‐ABL1 monitoring, emerging technologies are also discussed. Clinical data obtained to date indicate that for many patients who achieve deep molecular response (DMR) on TKI therapy, TFR is a safe treatment goal, and, if the response is lost, patients can expect to regain their responses immediately upon reinitiation of TKI. It is also clear that there remains much room for improvement to make TFR a successful reality for most patients. Data from ongoing trials should help refine decisions as to which patients are the best candidates to attempt TKI discontinuation with safe monitoring in place.
Development of a patient‐reported outcomes symptom measure for patients with nontransfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT‐PRO©)
Authors: Taher Ali , Viprakasit Vip , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Sutcharitchan Pranee , Ward Richard , Mahmoud Dalia , Laadem Abderrahmane , Khan Anzalee , Gwaltney Chad , Harding Gale , Attie Kenneth , Zhang Xiaosha , Zou Jun , Pariseau Joseph , Hu X. Henry , Kattamis Antonis 
Published: November 2018

Abstractβ‐Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder caused by reduced or absent synthesis of the β‐globin chain of hemoglobin, is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, and can manifest as nontransfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT) or transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT). Many patients with NTDT develop a wide range of serious complications that affect survival and quality of life (QoL). Patient‐reported outcomes (PRO), including health‐related QoL (HRQoL), are important tools for determining patient health impairment and selecting appropriate treatment. However, there are currently no disease‐specific PRO tools available to assess symptoms related to chronic anemia experienced by patients with NTDT. This study aimed to develop a new, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐compliant PRO of chronic anemia symptoms, the NTDT‐PRO© tool, for use in patients with NTDT. Participants had a median age of 36 years (range, 18‐47) and 60% were female. The initial development of the NTDT‐PRO tool involved concept‐elicitation interviews with 25 patients from 3 centers (in Lebanon, Greece, and Canada); subsequent interview discussions and clinical input resulted in the generation of 9 items for inclusion in the draft NTDT‐PRO. Following a round of cognitive interviews involving 21 patients from 2 centers (in Lebanon and Greece), 4 items (Pain, Headaches, Ability to Concentrate, and Paleness) were removed from the draft NTDT‐PRO. The final NTDT‐PRO comprises 6 items that measure Tiredness, Weakness, and Shortness of Breath, with or without Physical Activity. The NTDT‐PRO is a new disease‐specific HRQoL tool for patients with NTDT, developed using a thorough methodology based on FDA 2009 PRO development guidelines.
High‐Fidelity Hybrid Quantum Gates between a Flying Photon and Diamond Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers Assisted by Low‐Q Single‐Sided Cavities
Authors: Li Ming , Lin Jia‐Ying , Zhang Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐fidelity universal quantum gates are crucial in quantum computing. Three high‐fidelity universal quantum gates, namely the hybrid controlled NOT gate, the hybrid Toffoli gate, and the hybrid Fredkin gate, on a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, assisted by low‐Q single‐sided cavities, are presented. Errors due to the imperfection of the practical input–output process are detected to improve the fidelity of these quantum gates, which therefore relaxes the requirement on their implementation, since strong coupling is no longer mandatory. In addition, quantum gates have the advantage that they can work faithfully even when the resonant condition among the NV center, the photon, and the cavity is not strictly satisfied, or the NV centers are not identical. The performance and success probability of these quantum gates are analyzed, finding that these schemes are feasible with current technology.
Polymersolarzellen: Fortschritt, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Wang Gang , Melkonyan Ferdinand S. , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolymersolarzellen mit Heteroübergangsarchitektur (“bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cell”, BHJ‐PSC) wurden zwei Jahrzehnte lang vor allem auf solche Materialmischungen hin untersucht, bei denen der Elektronendonor ein Polymer und der Elektronenakzeptor ein Fulleren ist. Dies änderte sich erst in neuerer Zeit mit der Einführung von PSCs ohne Fullerenakzeptor. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit haben sich diese fullerenfreien PSCs rasant weiterentwickelt. Fullerenfreie BHJ‐PSCs erreichen mittlerweile einen weit höheren Wirkungsgrad von über 15 % als die effizientesten Fulleren‐PSCs. Vor allem die reinen Polymersolarzellen (“all‐polymer solar cells”, APSCs), bei denen der Heteroübergang aus einem Polymer als Donor und einem Polymer als Akzeptor gebildet wird, finden steigendes Interesse. Sie bieten: 1) eine einstellbare hohe Lichtabsorption durch das Polymer‐Donor/Polymer‐Akzeptor‐Paar; 2) robuste Morphologien des BHJ‐Films; 3) Kompatibilität mit großformatiger und großflächiger Fertigung; 4) eine gute Langzeitstabilität der Zelle gegenüber Umwelt‐ und mechanischer Beanspruchung. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt die Möglichkeiten und Chancen der APSCs. Er zeigt auf, welche Polymere sich als Bauelemente eignen und wie sich deren Leistungsfähigkeit noch weiter optimieren lässt. Herausforderungen, die für kommerzielle Anwendungen weiter bestehen, werden ebenfalls erörtert.
Hydrierung borylierter Aromaten
Authors: Wollenburg Marco , Moock Daniel , Glorius Frank 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Rh‐CAAC‐katalysierte cis‐selektive Hydrierung von leicht verfügbaren aromatischen Boronsäuren und derer Derivate wird gezeigt. Die Reaktion toleriert verschiedene Bor‐Schutzgruppen und liefert direkten Zugang zu einem breiten Spektrum gesättigter, borylierter Carbo‐ und Heterocyclen mit verschiedenen funktionellen Gruppen. Die Transformation ist strategisch wichtig, da die vielseitig einsetzbaren gesättigten Boronate mit anderen Methoden nur schwer herzustellen sind. Die Anwendbarkeit der gesättigten, cyclischen Synthesebausteine wurde durch Post‐Funktionalisierung der Borgruppe demonstriert.