bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actuator Line Model simulations to study active power control at wind turbine level
Authors: Guggeri Andrés , Draper Martín , López Bruno , Usera Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Wind energy is expanding rapidly worldwide, being horizontal axis wind turbines the technology of larger installed capacity. Modern multi-MW wind turbines have a torque controller and a collective pitch controller to control their power output, particularly when the wind speed is greater than the rated one, or when it is required to down-regulate the turbines’ production. In this work we show results of a validated numerical method [1], based on a Large Eddy Simulation-Actuator Line Model framework, applied to evaluate active power control on a real 7.7MW [2][3] onshore wind farm of Uruguay. We describe the implementation of these controllers in the caffa3d solver [4] and present the methodology we applied to obtain the controller parameters, such as the gain scheduling of the closed loop Proportional-Integral pitch controller. For validation, the simulation results are compared with 1Hz data obtained from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System of the wind farm, focusing on the temporal evolution of the following variables: wind velocity, rotor angular speed, pitch, aerodynamic and electric torque and power. We analyze the Active Power Control response under different de-rate signals, both constant and time-varying, and subject to two wind profiles and two different wind directions, one of them with significant influence of wakes on one wind turbine. The dependence of the wake on the de-rate value is also evaluated, assessing the streamwise velocity component and the turbulence intensity in the wake.
Computational study of the effect of protonation states of PSA protein zinc fingers on its DNA binding
Authors: Duc Nguyen Viet , Nguyen Ly Hai , Lai Hien T. T. , Nguyen Toan T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the binding of the Zinc finger (ZF) structure on a short DNA molecule. The zinc finger of a protein where a Zn2+ ion binds to 4 cysteine or histidine amino acids in a tetrahedral structure is a very common motif of nucleic acid binding proteins. This structure is ubiquitous and the corresponding interaction model is present in 3% of the genes of human genome. ZF has been shown to be extremely useful in various therapeutic and research capacities, as well as in biotechnology. A recent computational study has shown that isolated zinc finger structure is stable if the cysteine amino acids are in deprotonated state. Here, we investigate how this deprotonated state influences protein structure, dynamics, and function in binding of ZF to short DNA molecules using molecular dynamics simulations in sub-microsecond range. Our results show that the Zn2+ ion and the deprotonated state of cysteine is essential for mechanical stabilization of the functional, folded conformation. Not only this state stabilizes the ZF structure, it also stabilizes the DNA-binding structure. Our result has potential impact on better design of zinc fingers for various biotechnological applications.
The role of electron-electron repulsion to the nonsequential double ionization mechanisms
Authors: Truong Thu D. H. , Nhan Hao T. V. , Pham Vinh N. T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study the classical three-dimensional ensemble model is utilized for investigating the role of final state electron-electron repulsion in forming the ultimate correlated two-electron momentum distribution. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis has been made to thoroughly understand such repulsive force associating with each microscopic mechanism of nonsequential double ionization. The helium exposed to 800-nm laser with two representative intensities of 3.5×1014 W/cm2 and 4.5×1014 W/cm2 is used for illustration. The results indicate the dominance of electron-electron repulsion in direct and recollision-induced excitation with subsequential ionizations. While its contribution in case of exchanging-state mechanism gradually emerges as the laser intensity increases.
Fermionized Heisenberg model on a non-Bravais lattice with exact local constraint: Application to a honeycomb lattice
Authors: Thanh Nga Pham Thi , Thang Nguyen Toan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study magnetic order of the Heisenberg model on a non-Bravais lattice based on the Popov - Fedotov trick for exactly treating the local constraint on on-site spin number. The spin operators are represented by auxiliary fermions and an imaginary chemical potential is introduced. The following steps are sketched: i) Parameterizing classical ground state by a magnetic ordering vector and angles between the spins within a unit cell. ii) Going to a local coordinate system. ii) Using functional integral representation with Hubbard-Stratonovich for partition function and calculating determinants of block matrices by Silvester-Powel method. For illustration we obtain some explicit expressions for ferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice and compare them with the slave boson results.
The Prague rules
Authors: Stampa Gonzalo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration are available to parties and arbitrators since 14 December 2018. The conception and development of this new soft law text generated one of the most vivid technical debates in recent decades in international arbitration. The Prague Rules constitute voluntary suggestions which are technically based and designed to facilitate the efficient conduct of arbitral proceedings, by way of the continual cooperation of parties and arbitrators in their development. Its recommendations are based on the strictest respect for the principle of the autonomy of the parties. The recommendations of the Prague Rules are contained in twelve articles, which can be grouped into the following aspects of procedural handling: case management; the taking of evidence; and decision. This contribution undertakes a rough and summarized analysis of the scope of the Prague Rules in arbitral procedure, with the sole aim of understanding their content and investigating the merits of the strong criticism which these Rules have attracted
SquiggleKit: a toolkit for manipulating nanopore signal data
Authors: Ferguson James M , Smith Martin A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Summary
The management of raw nanopore sequencing data poses a challenge that must be overcome to facilitate the creation of new bioinformatics algorithms predicated on signal analysis. SquiggleKit is a toolkit for manipulating and interrogating nanopore data that simplifies file handling, data extraction, visualization and signal processing.

Availability and implementation
SquiggleKit is cross platform and freely available from GitHub at (https://github.com/Psy-Fer/SquiggleKit). Detailed documentation can be found at (https://psy-fer.github.io/SquiggleKitDocs/). All tools have been designed to operate in python 2.7+, with minimal additional libraries.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Marginal Voter’s Curse*
Authors: Herrera Helios , Llorente-Saguer Aniol , McMurray Joseph C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The swing voter’s curse is useful for explaining patterns of voter participation, but arises because voters restrict attention to the rare event of a pivotal vote. Recent empirical evidence suggests that electoral margins influence policy outcomes, even away from the 50% threshold. If so, voters should also pay attention to the marginal impact of a vote. Adopting this assumption, we find that a marginal voter’s curse gives voters a new reason to abstain, to avoid diluting the pool of information. The two curses have similar origins and exhibit similar patterns, but the marginal voter’s curse is both stronger and more robust. In fact, the swing voter’s curse turns out to be knife-edge: in large elections, a model with both pivotal and marginal considerations and a model with marginal considerations alone generate identical equilibrium behavior.
Does Success Breed Success? a Quasi-Experiment on Strategic Momentum in Dynamic Contests
Authors: Gauriot Romain , Page Lionel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study how agents adapt their behaviour to variations of incentives in dynamic contests. We investigate a real dynamic contest with large stakes: professional tennis matches. Situations in which balls bounce very close to the court’s lines are used as the setting of a quasi-experiment providing random variations in winning probability. We find evidence of a momentum effect for men whereby winning a point has a positive causal impact on the probability to win the next one. This behaviour is compatible with a reaction to the asymmetry of incentives between leaders and followers. We do not find momentum for women.
Learning While Experimenting
Authors: Damiano Ettore , Li Hao , Suen Wing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn agent performing risky experimentation can benefit from suspending it to learn directly about the state. ‘Positive’ information acquisition seeks news that would confirm the state that favours experimentation. It is used as a last-ditch effort when the agent is pessimistic about the risky arm before abandoning it. ‘Negative’ information acquisition seeks news that would demonstrate that experimentation is futile. It is used as an insurance strategy to avoid wasteful experimentation when the agent is still optimistic. A higher reward from risky experimentation expands the region of beliefs that the agent optimally chooses information acquisition rather than experimentation.
A pre and post intervention study measuring the effect of interactive education on adolescent perceptions of vaccines, vaccine safety and disease risk
Authors: Blanchard Jaymie-lynn , Johnson Caitlin , McIntyre Margaret , Crowcroft Natasha S , McLellan Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Adolescents make decisions about their own vaccinations and will be the childhood vaccine decision makers of tomorrow. It is therefore essential to educate adolescents about the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization safety. This study evaluated the impact of an interactive education initiative among adolescents at a high school in North Bay Ontario.

Methods
An anonymized questionnaire to assess students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases was administered before and after delivering an interactive session. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to test for differences between pre and post responses.

Results
The intervention increased the students’ awareness that measles is a disease that affects their generation (P &lt; 0.05). Improvements were also noted in the perceived risk of pertussis (P &lt; 0.05) and tetanus (0.05). After the session, respondents were also more willing to participate with their parents in decisions affecting their healthcare (P &lt; 0.05). Students’ perception of vaccine safety also improved (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Post survey results suggest that the interactive educational intervention had a positive effect on the adolescents’ perceptions and attitudes towards immunization. Further research is required to determine the impact of this type of intervention on adolescents’ future decision-making with respect to immunization.
Somatostatin+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in delta electroencephalogram activity and cortical-dependent recognition memory
Authors: Zielinski Mark R , Atochin Dmitriy N , McNally James M , McKenna James T , Huang Paul L , Strecker Robert E , Gerashchenko Dmitry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSlow-wave activity (SWA) is an oscillatory neocortical activity occurring in the electroencephalogram delta (δ) frequency range (~0.5–4 Hz) during nonrapid eye movement sleep. SWA is a reliable indicator of sleep homeostasis after acute sleep loss and is involved in memory processes. Evidence suggests that cortical neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expressing neurons that coexpress somatostatin (SST) play a key role in regulating SWA. However, previous studies lacked selectivity in targeting specific types of neurons that coexpress nNOS—cells which are activated in the cortex after sleep loss. We produced a mouse model that knocks out nNOS expression in neurons that coexpress SST throughout the cortex. Mice lacking nNOS expression in SST positive neurons exhibited significant impairments in both homeostatic low-δ frequency range SWA production and a recognition memory task that relies on cortical input. These results highlight that SST+/nNOS+ neurons are involved in the SWA homeostatic response and cortex-dependent recognition memory.
Sleep homeostasis during daytime food entrainment in mice
Authors: Northeast Rebecca C , Huang Yige , McKillop Laura E , Bechtold David A , Peirson Stuart N , Piggins Hugh D , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Twenty-four hour rhythms of physiology and behavior are driven by the environment and an internal endogenous timing system. Daily restricted feeding (RF) in nocturnal rodents during their inactive phase initiates food anticipatory activity (FAA) and a reorganization of the typical 24-hour sleep–wake structure. Here, we investigate the effects of daytime feeding, where food access was restricted to 4 hours during the light period ZT4-8 (Zeitgeber time; ZT0 is lights on), on sleep–wake architecture and sleep homeostasis in mice. Following 10 days of RF, mice were returned to ad libitum feeding. To mimic the spontaneous wakefulness associated with FAA and daytime feeding, mice were then sleep deprived between ZT3-6. Although the amount of wake increased during FAA and subsequent feeding, total wake time over 24 hours remained stable as the loss of sleep in the light phase was compensated for by an increase in sleep in the dark phase. Interestingly, sleep that followed spontaneous wake episodes during the dark period and the extended period of wake associated with FAA, exhibited lower levels of slow-wave activity (SWA) when compared to baseline or after sleep deprivation, despite a similar duration of waking. This suggests an evolutionary mechanism of reducing sleep drive during negative energy balance to enable greater arousal for food-seeking behaviors. However, the total amount of sleep and SWA accumulated during the 24 hours was similar between baseline and RF. In summary, our study suggests that despite substantial changes in the daily distribution and quality of wake induced by RF, sleep homeostasis is maintained.
Microsleep episodes in the borderland between wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Hertig-Godeschalk Anneke , Skorucak Jelena , Malafeev Alexander , Achermann Peter , Mathis Johannes , Schreier David R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudy objectivesThe wake-sleep transition zone represents a poorly defined borderland, containing, for example, microsleep episodes (MSEs), which are of potential relevance for diagnosis and may have consequences while driving. Yet, the scoring guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) completely neglect it. We aimed to explore the borderland between wakefulness and sleep by developing the Bern continuous and high-resolution wake-sleep (BERN) criteria for visual scoring, focusing on MSEs visible in the electroencephalography (EEG), as opposed to purely behavior- or performance-defined MSEs.MethodsMaintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) trials of 76 randomly selected patients were retrospectively scored according to both the AASM and the newly developed BERN scoring criteria. The visual scoring was compared with spectral analysis of the EEG. The quantitative EEG analysis enabled a reliable objectification of the visually scored MSEs. For less distinct episodes within the borderland, either ambiguous or no quantitative patterns were found.ResultsAs expected, the latency to the first MSE was significantly shorter in comparison to the sleep latency, defined according to the AASM criteria. In certain cases, a large difference between the two latencies was observed and a substantial number of MSEs occurred between the first MSE and sleep. Series of MSEs were more frequent in patients with shorter sleep latencies, while isolated MSEs were more frequent in patients who did not reach sleep.ConclusionThe BERN criteria extend the AASM criteria and represent a valuable tool for in-depth analysis of the wake-sleep transition zone, particularly important in the MWT.
Community eligibility and other provisions for universal free meals at school: impact on student breakfast and lunch participation in California public schools
Authors: Turner Lindsey , Guthrie Joanne F , Ralston Katherine 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) school meal programs are an important part of the safety net for reducing food insecurity, yet not all students who qualify for free or reduced-price meals participate. In 2014–2015, the Community Eligibility Provision became available nationwide. This provision, along with Provisions 1, 2, and 3 of the USDA school meals programs, allows local school food authorities to offer universal free meals at schools with high student poverty. It is expected that adoption of a provision allowing universal free meals will increase rates of student participation in meal programs at schools where many students are at risk for food insecurity.
This study examines school-level adoption of any provision for universal free meals and subsequent changes in student participation rates for the School Breakfast Program and National School Lunch Program in California from 2013–2014 to 2016–2017.
A database was assembled for 10,343 public schools, including meals served, demographics, eligibility for provisions, and use of provisions in each year. Multilevel regression models were used to examine school adoption and student participation rates over time.
Difference-in-difference calculations from lagged longitudinal models adjusting for school demographics showed that when eligible schools adopted provisions, participation rates increased an average of 3.48 percentage points for breakfast and 5.79 points for lunch the following year. By 2016–2017, over half of all eligible schools were using a provision for universal free meals. Among eligible schools, provision adoption was more common at schools that were larger, had predominantly Latino students, and were in rural areas.
When eligible schools adopt provisions for universal free meals, student participation rates significantly increase, improving program reach among children most at risk for food insecurity. However, not all eligible schools adopt a provision for universal free meals and some adopters drop out in subsequent years. Research to better understand factors influencing the decision whether to adopt a provision or to continue it could inform policy and program leaders. Increases in breakfast participation are smaller than those for lunch, suggesting that other barriers to breakfast participation warrant further investigation.
An iterative, interdisciplinary, collaborative framework for developing and evaluating digital behavior change interventions
Authors: Sucala Madalina , Ezeanochie Nnamdi Peter , Cole-Lewis Heather , Turgiss Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The rapid expansion of technology promises to transform the behavior science field by revolutionizing the ways in which individuals can monitor and improve their health behaviors. To fully live into this promise, the behavior science field must address distinct challenges, including: building interventions that are not only scientifically sound but also engaging; using evaluation methods to precisely assess intervention components for intervention optimization; and building personalized interventions that acknowledge and adapt to the dynamic ecosystem of individual and contextual variables that impact behavior change. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to address these challenges by leveraging behavior science, human-centered design, and data science expertise throughout the cycle of developing and evaluating digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). To define this framework, we reviewed current models and practices for intervention development and evaluation, as well as technology industry models for product development. The framework promotes an iterative process, aiming to maximize outcomes by incorporating faster and more frequent testing cycles into the lifecycle of a DBCI. Within the framework provided, we describe each phase, from development to evaluation, to discuss the optimal practices, necessary stakeholders, and proposed evaluation methods. The proposed framework may inform practices in both academia and industry, as well as highlight the need to offer collaborative platforms to ensure successful partnerships that can lead to more effective DBCIs that reach broad and diverse populations.
Delay-induced switched states in a slow–fast system
Authors: Ruschel Stefan , Yanchuk Serhiy 
Published: July 2019

We consider the two-component delay system
εx
′(
t
) = −
x
(
t
) −
y
(
t
) +
f
(
x
(
t
− 1)),
y
′(
t
) =
ηx
(
t
) with small para- meters
ε
,
η
and positive feedback function
f
. Previously, such systems have been reported to model switching in optoelectronic experiments, where each switching induces another one after approximately one delay time, related to one round trip of the signal. In this paper, we study these delay-induced switched states. We provide conditions for their existence and show how the formal limits
ε
→ 0 and/or
η
→ 0 facilitate our understanding of this phenomenon.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.
Fokker–Planck representations of non-Markov Langevin equations: application to delayed systems
Authors: Giuggioli Luca , Neu Zohar 
Published: July 2019

Noise and time delays, or history-dependent processes, play an integral part in many natural and man-made systems. The resulting interplay between random fluctuations and time non-locality are essential features of the emerging complex dynamics in non-Markov systems. While stochastic differential equations in the form of Langevin equations with additive noise for such systems exist, the corresponding probabilistic formalism is yet to be developed. Here we introduce such a framework via an infinite hierarchy of coupled Fokker–Planck equations for then-time probability distribution. When the non-Markov Langevin equation is linear, we show how the hierarchy can be truncated atn = 2 by converting the time non-local Langevin equation to a time-local one with additive coloured noise. We compare the resulting Fokker–Planck equations to an earlier version, solve them analytically and analyse the temporal features of the probability distributions that would allow to distinguish between Markov and non-Markov features.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.