bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Transport of Manure‐Derived Nitrogen in the Vadose Zone: Consideration of Macropore Connectivity to Subsurface Receptors
Authors: Hussain Syed I. , Frey Steven K. , Blowes David W. , Ptacek Carol J. , Wilson David , Mayer K. Ulrich , Su Danyang , Gottschall Natalie , Edwards Mark , Lapen David R. 
Published: May 2019

Core IdeasManure N transformation was modeled with different soil pore connectivities to tile drains.Macropores facilitated NH4+oxidation reaction products deeper in the profile.Nitrate losses to tile were best predicted by models using pores connected to tile drains.Macropores can be important conduits for surface‐derived nutrients to reach subsurface receptors. Accordingly, nutrient reactive transport processes in macroporous soils need to be well understood. In this study, steady‐state two‐dimensional reactive transport simulations with MIN3P‐THCm (version 1.0.519.0) were used to elucidate how soil macropore connectivity to tile drains can influence N transformations following liquid swine manure (LSM) applications to soil. Four different soil scenarios were considered: homogeneous sand, homogeneous clay loam, and clay loam with discrete macropores connected to or disconnected from the bottom boundary used to represent tile drain outflow. In relation to the homogeneous soils, macropores, overall, facilitated chemical diffusion into the adjacent soil matrix along their length and broadly augmented O2ingress into the soil profile. These processes combined to critically control the spatial distribution of NH4+oxidation reaction products. When used in transient simulation mode with field data observed at experimental tile‐drained plots that received LSM application, the model showed that simulated nitrate mass losses to tile are considerably higher and most realistic under the connected macropore scenario compared with the homogeneous or disconnected macropore scenarios.
Antihyperalgesic Activity of Quillaic Acid Obtained from Quillaja Saponaria Mol.
Authors: Arrau Sylvia , Rodríguez-Díaz Maité , Cassels Bruce K. , Valenzuela-Barra Gabriela , Delporte Carla , Barriga Andrés , Miranda Hugo F. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Quillaja saponaria Mol. bark contains a high concentration of triterpene saponins
that have been used for centuries as a cleansing, antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in Chilean folk
medicine. In earlier studies, in mice, both the anti-inflammatory as well as the antinociceptive effect of
the major sapogenin, quillaic acid have been demonstrated (QA).

Objective:
To determine the antihyperalgesic effect of QA one and seven days after itpl administration of
complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in male mice using the hot plate test in the presence of complete Freund's
adjuvant (HP/CFA) as an acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain model.

Methods:
The present study evaluated the antihyperalgesic activity of QA against acute and chronic
skeletal muscle pain models in mice using the hot plate test in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant
(HP/CFA), at 24 h (acute assay) and 7 days (chronic assay) , with dexketoprofen (DEX) as the reference
drug.

Results:
In acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain assays, QA at 30 mg/kg ip elicited its maximal antihyperalgesic
effects (65.0% and 53.4%) at 24 h and 7 days, respectively. The maximal effect of DEX
(99.0 and 94.1 at 24 h and 7 days, respectively) was induced at 100 mg/kg.

Conclusion:
QA and DEX elicit dose-dependent antihyperalgesic effects against acute and chronic skeletal
muscle pain, but QA is more potent than DEX in the early and late periods of inflammatory pain induced
by CFA.
Higher-Order and Mixed Discrete Derivatives such as a Novel Graph- Theoretical Invariant for Generating New Molecular Descriptors
Authors: Martínez-Santiago Oscar , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Ugarriza Mauricio E.O. , Hurtado-Rodríguez Elízabeth , Martínez-López Yoan , Torres F. Javier , Zambrano Cesar H. , Pham-The Hai 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Recently, some authors have defined new molecular descriptors (MDs) based on the
use of the Graph Discrete Derivative, known as Graph Derivative Indices (GDI). This new approach about discrete
derivatives over various elements from a graph takes as outset the formation of subgraphs. Previously,
these definitions were extended into the chemical context (N-tuples) and interpreted in structural/physicalchemical
terms as well as applied into the description of several endpoints, with good results.

Objective:
A generalization of GDIs using the definitions of Higher Order and Mixed Derivative for molecular
graphs is proposed as a generalization of the previous works, allowing the generation of a new family of MDs.

Methods:
An extension of the previously defined GDIs is presented, and for this purpose, the concept of Higher
Order Derivatives and Mixed Derivatives is introduced. These novel approaches to obtaining MDs based on the
concepts of discrete derivatives (finite difference) of the molecular graphs use the elements of the hypermatrices
conceived from 12 different ways (12 events) of fragmenting the molecular structures. The result of applying
the higher order and mixed GDIs over any molecular structure allows finding Local Vertex Invariants (LOVIs)
for atom-pairs, for atoms-pairs-pairs and so on. All new families of GDIs are implemented in a computational
software denominated DIVATI (acronym for Discrete DeriVAtive Type Indices), a module of KeysFinder
Framework in TOMOCOMD-CARDD system.

Results:
QSAR modeling of the biological activity (Log 1/K) of 31 steroids reveals that the GDIs obtained using
the higher order and mixed GDIs approaches yield slightly higher performance compared to previously reported
approaches based on the duplex, triplex and quadruplex matrix. In fact, the statistical parameters for
models obtained with the higher-order and mixed GDI method are superior to those reported in the literature by
using other 0-3D QSAR methods.

Conclusion:
It can be suggested that the higher-order and mixed GDIs, appear as a promissory tool in
QSAR/QSPRs, similarity/dissimilarity analysis and virtual screening studies.
Ensemble-Based Modeling of Chemical Compounds with Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Caballero-Alfonso Ana Yisel , Cruz-Monteagudo Maykel , Tejera Eduardo , Benfenati Emilio , Borges Fernanda , Cordeiro M. Natália D.S. , Armijos-Jaramillo Vinicio , Perez-Castillo Yunierkis 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Malaria or Paludism is a tropical disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium
genre and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitos of the Anopheles genre.
This pathology is considered one of the first causes of death in tropical countries and, despite several
existing therapies, they have a high toxicity. Computational methods based on Quantitative Structure-
Activity Relationship studies have been widely used in drug design work flows.

Objective:
The main goal of the current research is to develop computational models for the identification
of antimalarial hit compounds.

Materials and Methods:
For this, a data set suitable for the modeling of the antimalarial activity of
chemical compounds was compiled from the literature and subjected to a thorough curation process. In
addition, the performance of a diverse set of ensemble-based classification methodologies was evaluated
and one of these ensembles was selected as the most suitable for the identification of antimalarial
hits based on its virtual screening performance. Data curation was conducted to minimize noise.
Among the explored ensemble-based methods, the one combining Genetic Algorithms for the selection
of the base classifiers and Majority Vote for their aggregation showed the best performance.

Results:
Our results also show that ensemble modeling is an effective strategy for the QSAR modeling
of highly heterogeneous datasets in the discovery of potential antimalarial compounds.

Conclusion:
It was determined that the best performing ensembles were those that use Genetic Algorithms
as a method of selection of base models and Majority Vote as the aggregation method.
The Use of Milrinone Versus Conventional Treatment for the Management of Life-Threatening Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Sobhy Amr , K. Eldin Doaa M. , Zaki Hany V. 
Published: May 2019

Background and Aims:In our study, we investigated the effectiveness of intravenous milrinone in life-threatening bronchial asthma as compared to conventional treatment.Methods:Fifty patients aged 18-50 years, presenting with life-threatening asthma were enrolled in a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). They were randomly allocated intoGroup C(25 patients): who received the standard pharmacotherapy and placebo, andGroup M(25 patients): who in addition to the standard therapy, received 25 μg milrinone as an initial slow IV bolus diluted in 10 ml of normal saline. The following data were recorded: PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) expressed as a percentage of the patient’s previous value, Respiratory Rate (RR), MABP (Mean Arterial Blood Pressure), arterial blood gases, and the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Differences between groups were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for quantitative variables with post hoc using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, and Chi square test for categorical variables.Results:Group M showed marked improvement in PEFR that was highly significant (P< 0.001) 10 min after injection and significant after one hour from the start of treatment in comparison to Group C. There was also an improvement in RR and PO2that was significant in group M. Milrinone was associated with a reduction in MABP only after 10 min from injection, and showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilator support (P˂ 0.05).Conclusion:Milronine is a promising agent as a rescue drug in the treatment of life-threatening bronchial asthma.
Diversidad, abundancia y frecuencia de argonautas (Cephalopoda: Argonautidae), en la dieta de peces pelágicos de importancia comercial en Oaxaca, México
Authors: Alejo-Plata María del Carmen , León-Guzmán Sairi Sarai , Díaz-Polo Román , Torres-Huertal Ana María 
Published: May 2019

Los argonautas son una familia de pulpos pelágicos con amplia distribución en aguas tropicales y subtropicales del océano mundial, cuya presencia es notable en la dieta de diversas especies de peces pelágicos con valor comercial. En el presente estudio se evaluó la diversidad, abundancia relativa y frecuencia de este grupo de cefalópodos presentes en el contenido gástrico de 7 especies de peces (4 teleósteos y un elasmobranquio), capturados por la pesquería artesanal del estado de Oaxaca, México. Se examinaron 778 estómagos obtenidos de muestreos mensuales durante 2016 y 2017. Los argonautas fueron las presas más representativas del grupo octopoda (98%) y el segundo grupo más importante de cefalópodos (35%) después de los calamares (42,5%). Un total de 273 hembras correspondientes a 3 especies de argonautas fueron analizadas: Argonauta nouryi (45,6%), A. argo (20,8%), y A. hians (33,6%). Se observaron dos tipos en las conchas de A. nouryi: tipo A. nouryi (16,3%) y tipo A. cornuta (29,3%). De este modo, se destaca la utilidad de los estudios de alimentación en peces depredadores pelágicos para llevar a cabo la captura y el estudio bioecológico de argonautas en el Pacífico tropical oriental.
The Effect of Wolffia globosa Mankai, a Green Aquatic Plant, on Postprandial Glycemic Response: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial
Authors: Zelicha Hila , Kaplan Alon , Yaskolka Meir Anat , Tsaban Gal , Rinott Ehud , Shelef Ilan , Tirosh Amir , Brikner Dov , Pupkin Efrat , Qi Lu , Thiery Joachim , Stumvoll Michael , Kloting Nora , von Bergen Martin , Ceglarek Uta , Blüher Matthias , Stampfer Meir J. , Shai Iris 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE
To compare the postprandial and overnight glycemic response using a novel green aquatic plant thought to provide a dietary source for high-quality protein, with an iso-carbohydrate/protein/caloric dairy shake.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a randomized controlled crossover trial among 20 abdominally obese participants (age 51.4 years; fasting plasma glucose 110.9 mg/dL), who were allocated to replace dinner with either, first, a green shake containing Wolffia globosa duckweed (Mankai: specific-strain) or an iso-carbohydrate/protein/calorie yogurt shake. A 2-week flash glucose-monitoring system was used to assess postmeal glucose dynamics (6 net administration days; 97 observation days in total). We further obtained from each participant dietary/daily activity/satiety scale/sleep logs. Participants were recruited from the green-Mediterranean diet arm of the 18-month Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial-Polyphenols Unprocessed (DIRECT-PLUS) study.

RESULTS
Wolffia globosa Mankai elicited a lower postprandial glucose peak compared with yogurt (∆peak = 13.4 ± 9.2 vs. 19.3 ± 15.1 mg/dL; P = 0.044), which occurred later (77.5 ± 29.2 vs. 59.2 ± 28.4 min; P = 0.037) and returned faster to baseline glucose levels (135.8 ± 53.1 vs. 197.5 ± 70.2 min; P = 0.012). The mean post–net incremental area under the curve (netAUC) was lower with Wolffia globosa up to 60 and 180 min (netAUC 60 min: 185.1 ± 340.1 vs. 441.4 ± 336.5 mg/dL/min, P = 0.005; netAUC  180 min: 707.9 ± 1,428.5 vs. 1,576.6 ± 1,810.1 mg/dL/min, P = 0.037). A Wolffia globosa–based shake replacing dinner resulted in lower next-morning fasting glucose levels (83.2 ± 0.8 vs. 86.6 ± 13 mg/dL; P = 0.041). Overall, postprandial glucose levels from the shake administration until the next morning were lower in the Wolffia globosa Mankai green shake compared with the yogurt shake (P &lt; 0.001). Overnight sleep duration was similar (378.2 ± 22.4 vs. 375.9 ± 28.4 min; P = 0.72), and satiety rank was slightly higher for the Wolffia globosa shake compared with the yogurt shake (7.5 vs. 6.5; P = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS
Wolffia globosa Mankai duckweed may serve as an emerging alternative plant protein source with potential beneficial postprandial glycemic effects.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM WARGA NEGARA TERHADAP TINDAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
Authors: Herman Herman 
Published: May 2019

Perkembangan tugas-tugas negara pasca memasuki abad ke 20 menuntut negara semakin aktif dalam pergaulan di dalam masyarakat. Era ini merupakan babakan perkembangan negara yang menuntut negara hukum modern semakin mempunyai banyak kewajiban-kewajiban. Negara tidak hanya dibebani kewajiban sebagai penjaga kemanan dan ketertiban di masyarakat, namun negara juga dibebani berbagai macam kewajiban dalam rangka pencapaian masyarakat sejahtera. Tindakan atau perbuatan pemerintah semakin beragam, baik dalam rangka menjalankan undang-undang, membuat undang-undang, perencanaan, membuat keputusan, termasuk kewenangan bebas. Keputusan administrasi negara merupakan salah satu tindakan pemerintah dalam rangka menjalankan undang-undang. Tindakan ini merupakan tindakan hukum pemerintah dalam menjalankan funsi publiknya. Memahami tindakan pemerintah dalam membuat keputusan administrasi negara merupakan hal penting untuk menjaga dan melindungi warga negara dari tindakan itu. Tindakan pemerintah melalui organ/pejabatnya ini terkait dengan akibat hukum yang ditimbulkannya terhadap warga negara. Kata Kunci : keputusan administrasi negara, tindakan hukum pemerintah, dan perlindungan hukum warga negara.
PERBANDINGAN ASAS IKTIKAD BAIK: DALAM PERJANJIAN MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM CIVIL LAW (EROPA CONTINENTAL) DAN COMMON LAW (ANGLOSAXON)
Authors: Ariyanto Ariyanto 
Published: May 2019

Prinsip iktikad baik ini mengandung makna berbeda-beda di antara sistem hukum. Pengertian dan pemahaman iktikad baik tampak berbeda khusunya di antara sistem hukum common law dan civil law. Menurut subekti, esensi (prinsip) ini merupakan salah satu sendi yang terpenting dalam hukum perjanjian. Iktikad baik tampak berbeda khususnya di antara sistem hukum common law dan sistem hukum civil law. Sekilas mengenai perbedaan antara civil law (Eropa Continental) dengan common law (Anglosaxon) dapat dilihat dari segi perkembangan keduanya. Perkembangan sistem civil law diilhami oleh para ahli hukum dalam menentukan atau membuat peraturan hukum secara sistematis dan utuh. Sedangkan perkembangan sistem common law terletak pada putusan-putusan hakim, yang bukan hanya menerapkan hukum tetapi juga menetapkan hukum.Dalam sistem hukum common law arti iktikad baik tidak lain adalah “kejujuran” dalam perilaku atau kejujuran dalam bertransaksi dagang, termasuk di dalamnya adalah kejujuran dalam fakta dan penghormatan terhadap standar-standar dagang yang wajar dan transaksi dagang yang jujur. Sedangkan dalam civil law, iktikad baik itu diartikan, bahwa iktikad baik adalah suatu tindakan atau prilaku yang diharapkan dari seorang yang terhormat atau jujur yang diminta dalam setiap bentuk transaksi. Iktikad baik tersebut tidak hanya mengacu kepada iktikad baik para pihak, tetapi harus pula mengacu kepada nilai-nilai yang berkembang dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci : Prinsip itikad baik, comman law, civil law
DAMPAK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT TERHADAP INDONESIA AKIBAT TUMPAHAN MINYAK MONTARA DI LAUT TIMOR
Authors: Suci Meinarni Ni Putu 
Published: May 2019

Dalam pembahasan tentang aturan internasional dan legislasi nasional untuk mencegah, mengurangi, dan mengendalikan pencemaran lingkungan laut, Pasal 207-212 UNCLOS 1982 menyebutkan secara khusus enam jenis pencemaran laut, yaitu: pencemaran dari sumber daratan, pencemaran dari aktivitas dasar laut yang termasuk dalam yurisdiksi nasional, pencemaran dari aktivitas dalam area terkait, pencemaran oleh dumping, pencemaran dari kapal, dan pencemaran dari atau melalui atmosfer.Banyak negara yang melakukan eksploitasi berlebih, tanpa memperhatikan kelestarian laut dan sumber daya yang ada di dalamnya. Ditambah lagi, tindakan-tindakan pelestarian dan perlindungan lingkungan laut seringkali diabaikan dan tidak dilaksanakan secara optimal. Tindakan-tindakan semacam ini tidak hanya merugikan negara terkait, melainkan juga negara lain yang terletak di sekitar negara terkait. Lebih lanjut lagi, kondisi tersebut memicu terjadinya sengketa antara negara atau pihak yang disinyalir sebagai penyebab kerusakan atau pencemaran dengan negara atau pihak lain yang terkena imbas kerusakan atau pencemaran tersebut.Menurut Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, Kasus Minyak Montara yang terjadi di Laut Timor juga berakibat pada wilayah perairan Indonesia khususnya di wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hanya saja, PTTEP Australasia, berdasarkan partnership research dengan beberapa perguruan tinggi di Australia, menyatakan bahwa dampak dari Kasus Minyak Montara tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif ke wilayah perairan Indonesia.Berdasarkan kesimpulan diatas, penulis dapat memberikan saran sebagai berikut : sebaiknya dibentuk suatu konvensi internasional atau aturan hukum internasional yang khusus berkaitan dengan pencemaran lingkungan laut akibat pengeboran minyak lepas pantai. Seperti contohnya MARPOLyang khusus mengatur mengenai pencemaran minyak dari Kata kunci : Pencemaran Lingkungan, Kasus Minyak Montara, Perairan Indonesia.
SISTEMATISASI JENIS DAN HIERARKI PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Herman Herman , Muin Firman 
Published: May 2019

Penataan antara legislasi berdasarkan kewenangan konstitusional dengan legislasi berdasarkan kewenangan atribusi menentukan jenis dan hierarki secara sistematis peraturan perundang-undangan. Hierarki peraturan peraturan perundang-undangan secara bertingkat dan berurut dimulai dari norma konstitusional, peraturan organik (pelaksanaan) berdasarkan kewenangan legislasi oleh lembaga legislatif, dan peraturan perundang-undangan berdasarkan kewenangan atribusi, delegasi, dan mandat oleh pemerintah dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsi publiknya. Overregulasi yang terjadi di Indonesia selama ini berkaitan dengan kewenangan menteri membuat peraturan umum dan abstrak disebabkan oleh klausula norma yang terdapat dalam setiap undang-undang produk legislasi legislatif. Menteri memperoleh kewenangan atribusi dalam undang-undang tersebut. Padahal secara teoritis, batas kewenangan atribusi hanya dapat dimiliki oleh presiden selaku kepala pemerintahan, sedangkan menteri hanya terbatas pada kewenangan delegasi. Dampak terhadap penataan regulasi menjadi tidak tertata, saling tumpang tindih, kontradiktif, dan bahkan menghasilkan kontraproduktif terhadap pelayanan publik.
ASSESSING SOFTWARE RELIABILITY USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Jain Rachna , Sharma Arun 
Published: May 2019

The role of software reliability and quality improvement is becoming more important than any other issues related to software development. To date, we have various techniques that give a prediction of software reliability like neural networks, fuzzy logic, and other evolutionary algorithms. A genetic algorithm has been explored for predicting software reliability. One of the important aspects of software quality is called software reliability, thus, software engineering is of a great place in the software industry. To increase the software reliability, it is mandatory that we must design a model that predicts the fault and error in the software program at early stages, rectify them and then increase the functionality of the program within a minimum time and in a low cost. There exist numerous algorithms that predict software errors such as the Genetic Algorithm, which has a very high ability to predict software bugs, failure and errors rather than any other algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to predict software errors with so precise, less time-consuming and cost-effective methodology. The outcome of this research paper is showing that the rates of applied methods and strategies are more than 96 percent in ideal conditions.
El primero te lo regalan: zero-rating de las operadoras móviles de la Argentina
Authors: Lufrano Lucas Enzo 
Published: May 2019

Se exploran las prácticas de zero-rating o tasa cero implementadas por las operadoras de internet móvil de la Argentina en 2017 y 2018 y la respuesta del ente regulador, desde el enfoque de la Economía Política de la comunicación y la noción de neutralidad de la red, en el contexto de concentración convergente y de emergencia de un nuevo paradigma regulatorio en el sector infocomunicacional.
Mediante la consulta de bibliografía, artículos periodísticos, informes del sector y documentos legales, se concluye que no basta un marco normativo que prohíba dichas promociones mientras no se complemente con una autoridad de aplicación independiente del gobierno y de los intereses privados y una política pública de comunicación que se proponga restringir la fuerza centrípeta del mercado.
The Choice of Suitable Conditions for Wheat Genetic Transformation
Authors: Klčová Lenka , Ondreičková Katarína , Mihálik Daniel , Gubišová Marcela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Wheat is one of three most important cereals worldwide. Its production rises every year. There is a possibility to improve quantitative and qualitative parameters by biolistic method of transformation. The process of introduction of desired gene into the wheat genome and plant regeneration is affected by many factors. To identify the suitable conditions, selection system, the influence of donor, plant environment and the regeneration capacity of wheat genotypes were tested. The scutella of immature embryos served as the initial explants. Plant regeneration was achieved by 6 out of 11 genotypes tested. The highest values were reached by the cultivar Ilias. The effect of donor, plant environment was evaluated by two genotypes. Plants from growth chamber appeared to be better source of explants compared to plants grown in the natural conditions. The selection system was optimized as follows: regeneration medium in the dark and subsequently in photoperiod conditions (DR) with 5 mg/l of phosphinotricin (PPT), shoot induction medium (DS) with 7 mg/l of PPT.