bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inertial cavitation of lyophilized and rehydrated nanoparticles of poly(L-lactic acid) at 835 kHz and 1.8 MPa ultrasound
Authors: Hiltl Pia , Grebner Alexander , Fink Michael , Rupitsch Stefan , Ermert Helmut , Lee Geoffrey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of poly-L-lactic acid dispersed in water and of approximately 120 nm diameter were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method followed by lyophilization together with trehalose. After rehydration, the nanodispersion was exposed to ultrasound at 835 kHz frequency and 1.8 MPa peak negative sound pressure. Substantial levels of broadband noise were surprisingly detected which are attributed to the occurance of inertial cavitation of bubbles present in the dispersion. Inertial cavitation encompasses the formation and growth of gas cavities in the rarefaction pressure cycle which collapse in the compression cycle because of the inwardly-acting inertia of the contracting gas-liquid interface. The intensity of this inertial cavitation over 600 s was similar to that produced by Optison microbubbles used as contrast agents for diagnostic ultrasound. Non-lyophilized nanodispersions produced negligible broadband noise showing that lyophilization and rehydration are requirements for broadband activity of the nanoparticles. Photon correlation spectroscopy indicates that the nanoparticles are not highly aggregated in the nanodispersion and this is supported by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron micrographs. TEM visualized non-spherical nanoparticles with a degree of irregular, non-smooth surfaces. Although the presence of small aggregates with inter-particulate gas pockets cannot be ruled out, the inertial cavitation activity can be explained by incomplete wetting of the nanoparticle surface during rehydration of the lyophilizate. Nano-scale gas pockets may be trapped in the surface roughness of the nanoparticles and may be released and coalesce to the size required to nucleate inertial cavitation on insonation at 835 kHz/1.8 MPa.
Two-dimensional simulation of optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Brenner Thomas , Munro Peter R. T. , Krüger Benjamin , Kienle Alwin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn algorithm for the simulation of two-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography images based on Maxwell’s equations is presented. A recently developed and modified time-harmonic numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations is used to obtain scattered far fields for many wave numbers contained in the calculated spectrum. The interferometer setup with its lenses is included rigorously with Fresnel integrals and the Debye-Wolf integral. The implemented model is validated with an existing FDTD algorithm by comparing simulated tomograms of single and multiple cylindrical scatterers for perpendicular and parallel polarisation of the incident light. Tomograms are presented for different realisations of multiple cylindrical scatterers. Furthermore, simulated tomograms of a ziggurat-shaped scatterer and of dentin slabs, with varying scatterer concentrations, are investigated. It is shown that the tomograms do not represent the physical structures present within the sample.
Prolonged exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes dysregulates intestinal mir-35 and its direct target MAB-3 in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Yunli , Jin Ling , Wang Yuan , Kong Yan , Wang Dayong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, some microRNAs (miRNAs) could be dysregulated by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), suggesting their involvement in regulating the response of nematodes to MWCNTs. Among these dysregulated miRNAs induced by MWCNT exposure, prolonged exposure to MWCNTs increased mir-35 expression. mir-35 further acted in the intestine to regulate the response to MWCNTs. In the intestine, a transcription factor MAB-3 was identified as its target in regulating the response to MWCNTs. Moreover, during the control of response to MWCNTs, MAB-3 acted upstream of DAF-16, a fork head transcriptional factor in insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, MWCNTs exposure potentially dysregulates intestinal mir-35 and its direct target MAB-3, which may activate a protective intestinal response of nematodes against the MWCNTs toxicity.
Different influences of facial attractiveness on judgments of moral beauty and moral goodness
Authors: Cui Xuan , Cheng Qiuping , Lin Wuji , Lin Jiabao , Mo Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAre beauty and goodness the same? The relationship between beauty and goodness has long been a controversial issue in the fields of philosophy, aesthetics, ethics and psychology. Although many empirical studies have explored moral judgment and aesthetic judgment separately, only a few studies have compared the two. Whether these two judgments are two different processes or the same process with two different labels remains unclear. To answer this question, the present study directly compared the influence of facial attractiveness on judgments of moral goodness and moral beauty and revealed distinct contributions of imaging perceptions to these two judgments. The results showed that in the moral beauty judgment task, participants gave higher scores to characters with attractive faces compared with characters with unattractive faces, and larger P200 and LPP were elicited in the unattractive-face condition compared with the attractive-face condition; while in the moral goodness judgment task, there was no significant difference between the two conditions of either behaviour or ERP data. These findings offer important insights into the understanding and comparison of the processes of moral judgment and aesthetic judgment.
Direct measurements of semi-volatile organic compound dynamics show near-unity mass accommodation coefficients for diverse aerosols
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Day Douglas A. , Krechmer Jordan E. , Brown Wyatt , Peng Zhe , Ziemann Paul J. , Jimenez Jose L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe partitioning of low- and semi-volatile organic compounds into and out of particles significantly influences secondary organic aerosol formation and evolution. Most atmospheric models treat partitioning as an equilibrium between gas and particle phases, despite few direct measurements and a large range of uncertain mass accommodation coefficients (α). Here we directly measure the dynamic, isothermal partitioning of specific organic compounds using mass spectrometry in a Teflon chamber. Measurements are conducted under dry and humid conditions using seeds of different properties that are atmospherically relevant. α values determined independently from gas- and particle-phase observations are consistent and average 0.88 ± 0.33 for all the studied seeds and probe gases. Our results also imply fast mixing, within ~200 s, between dry α-pinene/O3 SOA and the oxidized compounds. These results indicate that mass transfer limitations in the atmosphere may be less important than some recent studies suggest.
Antiproliferative activity of vanadium compounds: effects on the major malignant melanoma molecular pathways
Authors: Pisano Marina , Arru Claudia , Serra Maria , Galleri Grazia , Sanna Daniele , Garribba Eugenio , Palmieri Giuseppe , Rozzo Carla 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is the most fatal skin cancer, whose incidence has critically increased in the last decades. Recent molecular therapies are giving excellent results in the remission of melanoma but often they induce drug resistance in patients limiting their therapeutic efficacy. The search for new compounds able to overcome drug resistance is therefore essential. Vanadium has recently been cited for its anticancer properties against several tumors, but only a few data regard its effect against MM. In a previous work we demonstrated the anticancer activity of four different vanadium species towards MM cell lines. The inorganic anion vanadate(v) (VN) and the oxidovanadium(iv) complex [VO(dhp)2] (VS2), where dhp is 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinonate, showed IC50 values of 4.7 and 2.6 μM, respectively, against the A375 MM cell line, causing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Here we demonstrate the involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in the pro-apoptotic effect of these two V species and evaluate the activation of different cell cycle regulators, to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in their antitumor activity. We establish that VN and VS2 treatments reduce the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) by about 80%, causing the deactivation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in A375 cells. VN and VS2 also induce dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) (VN 100% and VS2 90%), together with a pronounced increase of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 p21 (p21Cip1) protein expression up to 1800%. Taken together, our results confirm the antitumor properties of vanadium against melanoma cells, highlighting its ability to induce apoptosis through generation of ROS and cell cycle arrest by counteracting MAPK pathway activation and strongly inducing p21Cip1 expression and Rb hypo-phosphorylation.
Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners
Authors: Ramsdell-Hudock Heather L. , Warlaumont Anne S. , Foss Lindsey E. , Perry Candice 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians.

Method
Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds.

Results
Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category.

Conclusion
Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.
Decentralised self‐healing model for gas and electricity distribution network
Authors: Vazinram Farzad , Effatnejad Reza , Hedayati Mahdi , Hajihosseini Payman 
Published: August 2019

With regard to the global environmental challenges, low cost of the natural gas and fast developing of new gas‐fired power generation technologies, conduce to unwanted integration of gas and electricity network. Moreover, one of the benefits of emerging distribution network as microgrids (MGs) would be self‐healing capability. So, in this research a model has been formulated as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem which determines optimally the power generation of micro turbines (MTs), Energy Storages (ESs) and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units during the normal operation of MGs with consideration of combined gas and electricity network. In case of fault occurrence in MG/MGs and need to compensate the power generation shortage the model determines the power transferring rate of all MGs with normal operation mode, adjacent to the faulty MG/MGs, according to the cost‐based optimization. In critical situations load shedding procedure will be applied to the faulty MG/MGs. It would be considered that CHPs supply both heat and electricity loads and the remaining heat demands will be supplied by natural gas network. The proposed model has been applied to the test system with six MGs as three scenarios and also verified by applying to the network with 30 MGs.
Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: Origlia L. , Dalessandro E. , Sanna N. , Mucciarelli A. , Oliva E. , Cescutti G. , Rainer M. , Bragaglia A. , Bono G. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. The Scutum complex in the inner disk of the Galaxy hosts a number of young clusters and associations of red supergiant stars that are heavily obscured by dust extinction. These stars are important tracers of the recent star formation and chemical enrichment history in the inner Galaxy.
Methods. Within the SPA Large Programme at the TNG, we secured GIANO-B high-resolution (R ≃ 50 000) YJHK spectra of 11 red supergiants toward the Alicante 7 and Alicante 10 associations near the RSGC3 cluster. Taking advantage of the full YJHK spectral coverage of GIANO in a single exposure, we were able to measure several hundreds of atomic and molecular lines that are suitable for chemical abundance determinations. We also measured a prominent diffuse interstellar band at λ1317.8 nm (vacuum). This provides an independent reddening estimate.
Results. The radial velocities, Gaia proper motions, and extinction of seven red supergiants in Alicante 7 and three in Alicante 10 are consistent with them being members of the associations. One star toward Alicante 10 has kinematics and low extinction that are inconsistent with a membership. By means of spectral synthesis and line equivalent width measurements, we obtained chemical abundances for iron-peak, CNO, alpha, other light, and a few neutron-capture elements. We found average slightly subsolar iron abundances and solar-scaled [X/Fe] abundance patterns for most of the elements, consistent with a thin-disk chemistry. We found depletion of [C/Fe], enhancement of [N/Fe], and relatively low 12C/13C <  15, which is consistent with CN cycled material and possibly some additional mixing in their atmospheres.
Auswirkungen der Fälschungsrichtlinie 2011/62/EU und der Delegierten Verordnung (EU) Nr. 2016/161 auf Gewebezubereitungen und Blutprodukte
Authors: Pruß Axel , Schroeter Bernard , Löwel Matthias 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungAb dem 09.02.2019 müssen auch in Deutschland die von der Richtlinie 2011/62/EU in Verbindung mit der Delegierten Verordnung (EU) 2016/161 zur Ergänzung der Richtlinie 2001/83/EG erfassten Humanarzneimittel mit zusätzlichen Sicherheitsmerkmalen und einer Vorrichtung zum Erkennen einer möglichen Manipulation versehen werden. Nach aktueller Einschätzung des Paul-Ehrlich-Instituts sind die primär davon betroffenen Gewebezubereitungen mit einer Zulassung gemäß §§ 21, 25 Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) nicht als unter die Richtlinie 2001/83/EG fallend einzustufen, da sie nicht mit einem industriellen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Die Fälschungsrichtlinie 2011/62/EU und die Delegierte Verordnung (EU) Nr. 2016/161 finden daher keine Anwendung. Außer den in der Anlage I der Delegierten Verordnung (EU) 2016/161 genannten Ausnahmen sind darüber hinaus auch Blutkomponenten (Vollblut, Plasma und Blutzellen menschlichen Ursprungs) gemäß Art. 3 Nr. 6 der Richtlinie 2001/83/EG vom Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie ausgenommen. Insofern besteht lediglich für Plasmen, bei deren Herstellung ein industrielles Verfahren zur Anwendung kommt, sowie die aus diesen Plasmen resultierenden Plasmaderivate eine Verpflichtung, den Vorgaben von Fälschungsrichtlinie und Delegierter Verordnung nachzukommen.
Dermatophytose bei Hund und Katze – ein Update
Authors: Boehm Teresa M.S.A. , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatophytose ist eine kutane Infektion, die durch mehrere keratophile
Pilzarten (Dermatophyten) verursacht wird. Sie stellt eine ernstzunehmende sowie
häufig auftretende kontagiöse Hautkrankheit bei Hunden und Katzen dar. Die
Bedeutung dieser Krankheit für Tierbesitzer basiert auf ihrem zoonotischen
Potenzial. Ihre Prävalenz variiert mit dem Klima und der lokalen
Dermatophytenprävalenz. Die häufigsten Infektionen bei Hund und Katze erfolgen
durch die Genera Microsporum (M.), Nannizzia (N.)
oder Trichophyton (T.). Ziel dieses Artikels ist eine
Zusammenfassung der Neuerungen hinsichtlich Taxonomie, Diagnose und
Therapieempfehlungen sowie der aktuell überarbeiteten Empfehlungen der World
Association of Veterinary Dermatology.
Effect of Stacked Sodium Bicarbonate Loading on Repeated All-out Exercise
Authors: Dalle Sebastiaan , De Smet Stefan , Geuns Willem , Rompaye Bart Van , Hespel Peter , Koppo Katrien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether NaHCO3, administered via a 9-h stacked loading protocol (i.e. repeated supplementation with small doses in order to obtain a gradual increase in blood [HCO3
-]), has an ergogenic effect on repeated all-out exercise. Twelve physically active males were randomly assigned to receive either NaHCO3 (BIC) or placebo (PL) in a double-blind cross-over design. NaHCO3 supplementation was divided in three identical 3-h cycles: a 6.3 g bolus at the start, followed by 2.1 g doses at +1-h and +2-h, yielding a total NaHCO3 intake of 0.4 g·kg−1 BM over 9-h. At the end of each cycle, participants performed 2-min all-out cycling. Capillary blood samples were analyzed for [HCO3
-], pH and [La-]. Pre-exercise blood [HCO3
-] in PL decreased from 25.6±0.2 mmol·L−1 in bout 1 to 23.6±0.2 mmol·L−1 in bout 4, while increasing from 25.5±0.2 to 31.2±0.4 mmol·L−1 in BIC (P<0.05). Concomitantly, pre-exercise pH values gradually decreased in PL (from 7.41±0.00 to 7.39±0.01) and increased in BIC (from 7.41±0.01 to 7.47±0.01; P<0.05). Mean power output of the four bouts was higher in BIC (428±20 W) than in PL (420±20 W; P<0.05). The ergogenic effect on repeated all-out exercise occurred in the absence of gastrointestinal distress.
Integration of a Commercial Barcode-Assisted Medication Dispensing System in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Berdot Sarah , Boussadi Abdelali , Vilfaillot Aurélie , Depoisson Mathieu , Guihaire Claudine , Durieux Pierre , Le Laetitia Minh Maï , Sabatier Brigitte 
Published: August 2019

Objectives A commercial barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA) system was integrated to secure the medication process and particularly the dispensing stage by technicians and the administration stage with nurses. We aimed to assess the impact of this system on medication dispensing errors and barriers encountered during integration process.
Methods We conducted a controlled randomized study in a teaching hospital, during dispensing process at the pharmacy department. Four wards were randomized in the experimental group and control group, with two wards using the system during 3 days with dedicated pharmacy technicians. The system was a closed loop system without information return to the computerized physician order entry system. The two dedicated technicians had a 1-week training session. Observations were performed by one observer among the four potential observers previously trained. The main outcomes assessed were dispensing error rates and the identification of barriers encountered to expose lessons learned from this study.
Results There was no difference between the dispensing error rate of the control and experimental groups (7.9% for both, p = 0.927). We identified 10 barriers to pharmacy barcode-assisted system technology deployment. They concerned technical (problems with semantic interoperability interfaces, bad user interface, false errors generated, lack of barcodes), structural (poor integration with local information technology), work force (short staff training period, insufficient workforce), and strategic issues (system performance problems, insufficient budget).
Conclusion This study highlights the difficulties encountered in integrating a commercial system in current hospital information systems. Several issues need to be taken into consideration before the integration of a commercial barcode-assisted system in a teaching hospital. In our experience, interoperability of this system with the electronic health record is the key for the success of this process with an entire closed loop system from prescription to administration. BCMA system at the dispensing process remains essential to purchase securing medication administration process.
Six-Dose Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Regimen Further Inhibits Postoperative Fibrinolysis and Reduces Hidden Blood Loss following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Shaoyun , Xie Jinwei , Cao Guorui , Lei Yiting , Huang Qiang , Pei Fuxing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is no consensus regarding the ideal dosages and times of multiple-dose intravenous tranexamic acid (IV-TXA) administration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to assess the effect of six-dose IV-TXA with the total dosage more than 6 g on postoperative fibrinolysis and hidden blood loss (HBL) after primary TKA. A total of 175 patients were randomized into three groups to receive placebo (group A), or a single preoperative dose of 20 mg/kg IV-TXA (group B), or six-dose IV-TXA from the beginning of the procedure to subsequent 24 hours with the total dosage more than 6 g (group C). The calculated HBL, maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop, transfusion rate, and the incidence of thromboembolic events were compared among groups. The levels of fibrinolysis parameters in plasma including fibrin(-ogen) degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer were measured at six time points from preoperatively to 3-month postoperative period. The mean HBL and maximum Hb drop in group C (515.51 ± 245.79 mL, and 2.06 ± 0.73 g/dL, respectively) were significantly lower than those in groups B (756.06 ± 226.79 mL, p < 0.001; and 2.77 ± 0.78 g/dL, p < 0.001, respectively) and A (987.65 ± 275.38 mL, p < 0.001; and 3.49 ± 0.86 g/dL, p < 0.001, respectively). Such differences were also detected between groups A and B (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The levels of FDP and D-dimer in plasma were lower in group C than those in groups B and A on postoperative 24, 48, 72 hours (p < 0.001 for all). No episode of transfusion occurred, and the incidence of thromboembolic events were similar among groups (p > 0.05). The administration of six-dose IV-TXA during the first 24 hours resulted in reduced HBL following TKA without a measured increase in thromboembolic events.
The permeability of tag questions in a language contact situation
Authors: Carvalho Ana M. , Kern Joseph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we utilize negative polarity tag questions in order to assess to what extent discourse-pragmatic variables are susceptible to language contact induced changes. Based on a comparison of forms and functions of negative tags in the varieties spoken by Portuguese-Spanish bilinguals in a community on the Uruguayan-Brazilian border with the one spoken by monolinguals in the Uruguayan capital, we aimed at assessing to what extent any differences in this variable behavior may be affected by contact with Portuguese. Our results indicate that, despite the high permeability of discourse-pragmatic features in contact situations attested in the literature and the presumed tendency for cognate languages to converge, the forms and functions of negative tags in bilingual Spanish did not radically differ from the monolingual variety. We found, instead, an intricate pattern of convergences and divergences that challenges the presupposed assumptions about extreme permeability of cognate discourse pragmatic systems in contact.