bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight
Authors: Du Yu-Feng , Wei Yuan , Yang Jing , Cheng Zi-Yi , Zuo Xi-Fang , Wu Tian-Chen , Shi Hui-Feng , Wang Xiao-Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaternal one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy is crucial for fetal development and programming by DNA methylation. However, evidence on one-carbon biomarkers other than folate is lacking. We, therefore, investigated whether maternal plasma methyl donors, that is, choline, betaine and methionine, are associated with birth outcomes. Blood samples were obtained from 115 women during gestation (median 26·3 weeks, 90 % range 22·7–33·0 weeks). Plasma choline, betaine, methionine and dimethylglycine were measured using HPLC-tandem MS. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between plasma biomarkers and birth weight, birth length, the risk of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Higher level of maternal betaine was associated with lower birth weight (–130·3 (95 % CI –244·8, –15·9) per 1 sd increment for log-transformed betaine). Higher maternal methionine was associated with lower risk of LGA, and adjusted OR, with 95 % CI for 1 sd increase in methionine concentration was 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·89). Stratified analyses according to infant sex or maternal plasma homocysteine status showed that reduction in birth weight in relation to maternal betaine was only limited to male infants or to who had higher maternal homocysteine status (≥5·1 µmol/l). Higher maternal betaine status was associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal methionine was inversely associated with LGA risk. These findings are needed to be replicated in future larger studies.
Starch digestion kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysing enzymes in growing pigs fed processed and native cereal-based diets
Authors: Martens Bianca M. J. , Flécher Thomas , de Vries Sonja , Schols Henk A. , Bruininx Erik M. A. M. , Gerrits Walter J. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine in vivo starch digestion kinetics and to unravel the mechanisms of starch hydrolysing enzymes. Ninety pigs (23 (sd 2·1) kg body weight) were assigned to one of nine treatments in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with starch source (barley, maize, high-amylose (HA) maize) and form (isolated, within cereal matrix, extruded) as factors. We determined starch digestion coefficients (DC), starch breakdown products and digesta retention times in four small-intestinal segments (SI1–4). Starch digestion in SI2 of pigs fed barley and maize, exceeded starch digestion of pigs fed HA maize by 0·20–0·33 DC units (P<0·01). In SI3–4, barley starch were completely digested, whereas the cereal matrix of maize hampered digestion and generated 16 % resistant starch in the small intestine (P<0·001). Extrusion increased the DC of maize and HA maize starch throughout the small intestine but not that of barley (P<0·05). Up to 25 % of starch residuals in the proximal small intestine of pigs was present as glucose and soluble α(1–4) maltodextrins. The high abundance of glucose, maltose and maltotriose in the proximal small intestine indicates activity of brush-border enzymes in the intestinal lumen, which is exceeded by α-amylase activity. Furthermore, we found that in vivo starch digestion exceeded our in vitro predictions for rapidly digested starch, which indicates that the role of the stomach on starch digestion is currently underestimated. Consequently, in vivo glucose release of slowly digestible starch is less gradual than expected, which challenges the prediction quality of the in vitro assay.
Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of late Neoproterozoic – early Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the Cathaysia Block: constraint on its palaeo-position in Gondwana supercontinent
Authors: Xiong Chen , Niu Yaoling , Chen Hongde , Chen Anqing , Zhang Chenggong , Li Feng , Yang Shuai , Xu Shenglin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present updated U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons and whole-rock geochemical data to investigate the provenance and tectonic setting of late Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian sandstones from the Cathaysia Block, in order to offer new constraints on its tectonic evolution and its palaeo-position within the supercontinent. The source rocks for the studied sandstones were dominated by felsic–intermediate materials with moderate weathering history. U–Pb dating results show major populations atc. 2500 Ma, 1000–900 Ma and 870–716 Ma with subordinate peaks at 655–532 Ma, consistent with the global Neoarchean continental crust growth, assembly and break-up of Rodinia, and Pan-African Event associated with the formation of Gondwana. Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data suggest that most derived from exotic terranes once connected to the Cathaysia Block. Using whole-rock geochemical analysis, it was determined that the studied sedimentary rocks were deposited in a passive continental margin and the Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks were part of the same continent; no Cambrian ocean existed between them. Compiling a detrital zircon dataset from Qiangtang, northern India, the Lhasa Terrane and Western Australia, the Cathaysia Block seems to be more similar to the Qiangtang and western part of the northern India margin, instead of having a direct connection with the Lhasa Terrane and Western Australia in the Gondwana reconstruction during the late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian eons.
Getting to the bottom of things: The value of evolutionary approaches in discerning the origin of psychopathology
Authors: O Jiaqing , Brüne Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe network approach as a novel way of understanding psychopathology has helped address some of the existing issues associated with traditional biological interpretations. Nonetheless, it has similarly failed in explaining the fundamental etiology of mental conditions – a persistent conundrum that arguably could be adequately addressed only by evolutionary formulations, specifically evolutionary mismatch and life history theories.
Conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders as networks: Promises and challenges
Authors: Hens Kristien , Evers Kris , Wagemans Johan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe target article by Borsboom et al. proposes network models as an alternative to reductionist approaches in the analysis of mental disorders, using mood disorders such as depression and anxiety as examples. We ask how this framework can be applied to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, we raise a number of promises and challenges when conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders as networks.
CAPITAL ALLOCATION WITH MULTIVARIATE RISK MEASURES: AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Wei Linxiao , Hu Yijun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCapital allocation is of central importance in portfolio management and risk-based performance measurement. Capital allocations for univariate risk measures have been extensively studied in the finance literature. In contrast to this situation, few papers dealt with capital allocations for multivariate risk measures. In this paper, we propose an axiom system for capital allocation with multivariate risk measures. We first recall the class of the positively homogeneous and subadditive multivariate risk measures, and provide the corresponding representation results. Then it is shown that for a given positively homogeneous and subadditive multivariate risk measure, there exists a capital allocation principle. Furthermore, the uniqueness of the capital allocation principe is characterized. Finally, examples are also given to derive the explicit capital allocation principles for the multivariate risk measures based on mean and standard deviation, including the multivariate mean-standard-deviation risk measures.
Characterisation of antibiotic resistance ofSalmonellaisolated from dog treats in Japan
Authors: Yukawa S. , Uchida I. , Tamura Y. , Ohshima S. , Hasegawa T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDog treats might be contaminated withSalmonella. In Canada and the USA, outbreaks of human salmonellosis related to exposure to animal-derived dog treats were reported. Consequently, surveillance data onSalmonellacontamination of dog treats have been gathered in many countries, but not in Japan. In the current study, we investigated whether dog treats in Japan were contaminated withSalmonella. Overall, 303 dog treats (of which 255 were domestically produced) were randomly collected and the presence ofSalmonellainvestigated. Seven samples were positive forSalmonella entericasubsp.enterica. Among these isolates, three were identified as serovar 4,5,12:i:–; two were serovar Rissen; and two were serovar Thompson. All serovar 4,5,12:i:– and Thompson isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. Two serovar Rissen isolates were fully susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents. AllSalmonellaisolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. The geneblaTEMwas detected in two serovar 4,5,12:i:– isolates. TheblaCTX−MandblaCMYgenes were not detected in any isolates. This study demonstrated that dog treats in Japan could constitute a potential source of dog and humanSalmonellainfections, including multidrug-resistantSalmonellaisolates.
Risk factors and epidemiologic predictors of blood stream infections with New Delhi Metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) producingEnterobacteriaceae
Authors: Snyder B. M. , Montague B. T. , Anandan S. , Madabhushi A. G. , Pragasam A. K. , Verghese V. P. , Balaji V. , Simões E. A. F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeconferred by New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM-1) resistance mechanism are endemic in India and Southeast Asia. An understanding of risk factors for NDM-1 infections is necessary to guide prevention strategies. We performed a retrospective case-control study of patients admitted at Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India between May 2010 and August 2014 withKlebsiella pneumoniaeblood stream infection (BSI). We compared patients with BSI caused by NDM-1 producing strains to two control groups: BSI with other multidrug resistant (MDR) strains and BSI with pan-susceptible strains. The study groups were assessed for risk factors for the outcomes: (1) infection with any MDR strain compared to pan-susceptible; and, (2) infection with NDM-1 strain as compared with other MDR and (3) Mortality. A total of 101 patients with BSI with NDM-1 producingKlebsiella pneumoniaewere matched to two groups of controls: 112 with non-NDM-1 MDR strains and 101 with pan-susceptible strains. Medical (OR 10.4) and neonatal (OR 0.7) ICU admission, central venous catheter placement (CVC, OR 7.4) predicted MDR BSI. Prior carbapenem use (OR 8.4) and CVC (OR 4.8) predicted acquisition of an NDM-1 strain. Significant predictors for mortality included ICU stay (OR 3.0), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.2), female gender (OR 2.2), diabetes (OR 0.4). CVC placement, prior carbapenem use and ICU admission were significantly associated with BSI with NDM-1 producing and other MDR strains.
A near-infrared spectroscopy-assisted test discriminates patients	with peripheral arterial disease and venous insufficiency with changes of foot	oxygenation following light elastic compression therapy
Authors: Lamberti Nicola , Manfredini Fabio , Tessari Mirko , Menegatti Erica , Nardi Francesca , Basaglia Nino , Zamboni Paolo 
Published: March 2019

Summary. Background: Elastic compression therapy (CT) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) may compromise arterial perfusion. We evaluated the feasibility of a toe-flexion test, which quantifies dynamic foot perfusion by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), for the assessment of hemodynamic sustainability of CT in PAD patients with CVI. Patients and methods: In this prospective observational study, PAD patients aged 50–85 with combined CVI at CEAP stages II–IV were studied. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured, and foot perfusion was determined after 10 consecutive toe-flexion movements with NIRS sensors placed on the dorsum of each foot. Knee-high open-toe compression stockings were applied, and the degree of compression was measured. Toflex-area was determined by calculating the area under the curve of the oxygenated hemoglobin track recorded by NIRS. A toflex-area reduction > 20 % following CT was arbitrarily defined to identify limbs of patients with improved foot perfusion. These subjects received CT to be worn and a diary to report adherence and symptoms. Results: Forty-seven PAD patients (74 ± 9 years; ABI 0.67 ± 0.24) with CVI were enrolled. For all legs, superimposable toflex-areas were observed for the first two attempts (ICC 0.92). Following application of CT (17 ± 2 mmHg), the toflex-area improved (from –162 ± 110 a.u. to –112 ± 104 a.u.; p < .001). Sixty-two limbs (n = 32 patients) exhibited improved foot perfusion after CT, with a mean variation of 80 ± 47 a.u., while 32 limbs (n = 23 patients) showed stable or worsened values. In a regression model, favorable variations in toflex-area after CT were linked to a worse baseline toflex-area (R2 = 0.18; p < 0.001; rpartial = –0.42) while the percentage improvement directly correlated with CEAP class (p = 0.033). Conclusions: The NIRS-assisted test, which is feasible in a laboratory context, objectively discriminates the hemodynamic tolerability of the treatment and identifies subjects with combined PAD and CVI with improved perfusion after CT, in spite of the presence of PAD.
Changes in Intermediate Circulation in the Bay of Bengal Since the Last Glacial Maximum as Inferred From Benthic Foraminifera Assemblages and Geochemical Proxies
Authors: Ma Ruifang , Sépulcre Sophie , Licari Laetitia , Bassinot Franck , Liu Zhifei , Tisnérat‐Laborde Nadine , Kallel Nejib , Yu Zhaojie , Colin Christophe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBenthic foraminiferal assemblages and geochemical tracers (δ18O, δ13C and 14C) have been analyzed on benthic and planktonic foraminifera from core MD77‐176, located in the northern Bay of Bengal, in order to reconstruct the evolution of intermediate circulation in the northern Indian Ocean since the last glaciation. Results indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Southern Sourced Water masses were dominant at the core site. A high relative abundance of intermediate and deep infaunal species during the LGM reflects low oxygen concentration and/or mesotropic to eutrophic deep water conditions, associated with depleted benthic δ13C values. During the Holocene, benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate an oligotropic to mesotrophic environment with well‐ventilated bottom water conditions compared with LGM. Higher values for benthic foraminifera δ13C and B‐P 14C age offsets suggest an increased contribution of North Atlantic Deep Water to the northern Bay of Bengal during the Late Holocene compared to the LGM. Millennial‐scale events punctuated the last deglaciation, with a shift in the δ13C and the ɛNd values coincident with low B‐P 14C age offsets, providing strong evidence for an increased contribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water at the studied site. This was associated with enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean, reflecting a strong sea‐atmospheric CO2 exchange through Southern Ocean ventilation during the last deglaciation.
Postfire Soil Carbon Accumulation Does Not Recover Boreal Peatland Combustion Loss in Some Hydrogeological Settings
Authors: Ingram R. C. , Moore P. A. , Wilkinson S. , Petrone R. M. , Waddington J. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeep peat burning at the interface between subhumid Boreal Plains (BP) peatlands and forestlands (margin ecotones) in some hydrogeological settings has brought into question the long‐term stability of these peatlands under current and future predicted climate. Small peatlands located at midtopographic positions on coarse sediments have been identified as hot spots for severe burning, as these peatland margins are not regularly connected to regional groundwater flow. The ability of these peatland systems to recover carbon lost from both the interior and margin within the fire return interval, however, has not yet been investigated. Here we examine peatland soil carbon accumulation along a chronosequence of time since fire for 26 BP ombrotrophic bogs located across a range of hydrogeological settings. Soil organic carbon accumulation following wildfire does not appear to be influenced by hydrogeological setting; however, the ability of a peatland to recover the quantity of carbon lost within the fire return interval is dependent on the amount of carbon that was released through smoldering, which is influenced by hydrogeological setting for peatland margins. Based on published measurements of organic soil carbon loss during wildfire and our soil carbon accumulation rates, we suggest that peatlands located at topographic lows on coarse‐grained glaciofluvial outwash sediments or on low‐relief, fine‐grained sediment deposits from glaciolacustrine or subglacial paleoenvironments are currently resilient to wildfire on the BP landscape. Peatlands that experience severe smoldering at the margins, such as ephemerally perched systems on glaciofluvial outwash sediments, will likely undergo permanent loss of legacy carbon stores.
Net-FLICS: fast quantitative wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with compressed sensing – a deep learning approach
Authors: Yao Ruoyang , Ochoa Marien , Yan Pingkun , Intes Xavier 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMacroscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging (MFLI) via compressed sensed (CS) measurements enables efficient and accurate quantification of molecular interactions in vivo over a large field of view (FOV). However, the current data-processing workflow is slow, complex and performs poorly under photon-starved conditions. In this paper, we propose Net-FLICS, a novel image reconstruction method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), to directly reconstruct the intensity and lifetime images from raw time-resolved CS data. By carefully designing a large simulated dataset, Net-FLICS is successfully trained and achieves outstanding reconstruction performance on both in vitro and in vivo experimental data and even superior results at low photon count levels for lifetime quantification.
Optical orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed data transmission under high scattering
Authors: Gong Lei , Zhao Qian , Zhang Hao , Hu Xin-Yao , Huang Kun , Yang Jia-Miao , Li Yin-Mei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultiplexing multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels enables high-capacity optical communication. However, optical scattering from ambient microparticles in the atmosphere or mode coupling in optical fibers significantly decreases the orthogonality between OAM channels for demultiplexing and eventually increases crosstalk in communication. Here, we propose a novel scattering-matrix-assisted retrieval technique (SMART) to demultiplex OAM channels from highly scattered optical fields and achieve an experimental crosstalk of –13.8 dB in the parallel sorting of 24 OAM channels after passing through a scattering medium. The SMART is implemented in a self-built data transmission system that employs a digital micromirror device to encode OAM channels and realize reference-free calibration simultaneously, thereby enabling a high tolerance to misalignment. We successfully demonstrate high-fidelity transmission of both gray and color images under scattering conditions at an error rate of <0.08%. This technique might open the door to high-performance optical communication in turbulent environments.
Fluid geochemistry, local hydrology, and metabolic activity define methanogen community size and composition in deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Stewart Lucy C , Algar Christopher K , Fortunato Caroline S , Larson Benjamin I , Vallino Joseph J , Huber Julie A , Butterfield David A , Holden James F 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The size and biogeochemical impact of the subseafloor biosphere in oceanic crust remain largely unknown due to sampling limitations. We used reactive transport modeling to estimate the size of the subseafloor methanogen population, volume of crust occupied, fluid residence time, and nature of the subsurface mixing zone for two low-temperature hydrothermal vents at Axial Seamount. Monod CH4 production kinetics based on chemostat H2 availability and batch-culture Arrhenius growth kinetics for the hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and thermophile Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus were used to develop and parameterize a reactive transport model, which was constrained by field measurements of H2, CH4, and metagenome methanogen concentration estimates in 20–40 °C hydrothermal fluids. Model results showed that hyperthermophilic methanogens dominate in systems where a narrow flow path geometry is maintained, while thermophilic methanogens dominate in systems where the flow geometry expands. At Axial Seamount, the residence time of fluid below the surface was 29–33 h. Only 1011 methanogenic cells occupying 1.8–18 m3 of ocean crust per m2 of vent seafloor area were needed to produce the observed CH4 anomalies. We show that variations in local geology at diffuse vents can create fluid flow paths that are stable over space and time, harboring persistent and distinct microbial communities.
Graft-versus-MDS effect after unrelated cord blood transplantation: a retrospective analysis of 752 patients registered at the Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ishiyama Ken , Aoki Jun , Itonaga Hidehiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Takahashi Satoshi , Ohno Yuju , Matsuhashi Yoshiko , Sakura Toru , Onizuka Makoto , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Takanashi Minoko , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Nakao Shinji , Miyazaki Yasushi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the sole curative therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, there is concern regarding graft failure and relapse in patients who undergo cord blood transplantation (CBT). We conducted a retrospective study of the CBT outcomes in MDS patients using the Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation database. Seven hundred fifty-two de novo MDS patients of ≥18 years of age (median, 58 years) undergoing their first CBT between 2001 and 2015 were examined. Two-thirds of the patients were male, and were RAEB. The cumulative incidences of neutrophil and platelet engraftment at day 100 were 77 and 59%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 41% and the median survival of the patients was 1.25 years. A multivariate analysis of pre-transplant variables showed that the age, gender, cytogenetic subgroups, number of RBC transfusions, HCT-CI and year of CBT significantly influenced the outcome. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 32 and 21%, respectively. A survival benefit was observed in patients who developed cGVHD, but not aGVHD. Our results suggest that CBT is an acceptable alternative graft and that a graft-versus-MDS effect can be expected, especially in patients who develop cGVHD.