bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Outcomes and Kyphotic Risk Factors After Cervical Laminoplasty in 2 Different Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Groups and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Mun Hyun Woong , Lee Jong Joo , Shin Hyun Chul , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Seok Woo , Oh Jae Keun 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Cervical laminoplasty is commonly used to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Postoperative kyphotic changes can restrict spinal cord dorsal shift, leading to poor neurological outcomes. This study analyzes risk factors for loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) after laminoplasty in 3 groups: CSM, continuous OPLL, and other OPLL. It also evaluates postoperative changes in cervical spine parameters: C2-7 sagittal vertical axis, C2-7 Cobb angle (CA), T1 slope, and C2 slope.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included 154 patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty from January 2018 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: CSM (Group 1), continuous OPLL group (Group 2), and noncontinuous OPLL group (Group 3). Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were measured. Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD post hoc tests identified significant differences among the groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the cutoff value of K-line tilt.

RESULTS:
Kyphotic changes (>10°) were observed in 18.2% of patients postoperatively: 23.8% in Group 1, 1.7% in Group 2, and 28.3% in Group 3. Significant differences were found among the groups in preoperative K-line, C2-7 CA, extension C2-7 CA, and C2 slope (P < .05). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that greater age, higher K-line tilt, lower preoperative CA-extensor CA, and lower extensor muscle volume were significant risk factors of LCL in Groups 1 and 3. In Group 2, higher preoperative K-line tilt and K-line negative status were associated with greater LCL. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that K-line tilt is a strong predictive parameter with a threshold of 15.15°.

CONCLUSION:
The continuous OPLL group had a lower likelihood of postoperative kyphosis due to structural support. K-line tilt, dynamic extension reserve, and extensor muscle volume were significant predictors of LCL in CSM and segmental OPLL groups. K-line tilt is a valuable radiographic parameter for predicting outcomes and guiding surgical decisions in cervical laminoplasty patients.
Blunted Exercise Pressor Response to Isometric Knee Extension and Post Exercise Ischemia in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Sherman Sara R. , Jackson Ronald , Lima Natalia S. , Hibner Brooks A. , Fernhall Bo , Baynard Tracy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit autonomic dysfunction, which contributes to reduced work capacity. The metaboreflex produces exercise-induced sympathoexcitation and can be assessed via post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). Blunted sympathoexcitation is common in individuals with DS and contributes to the physiological basis for reduced work capacity observed this population, but the influence of the metaboreflex is unknown. Using unilateral isometric knee extension exercise with PEMI, we hypothesized that individuals with DS would demonstrate a reduced metaboreflex compared to individuals without DS.

Methods
Twenty-four individuals with DS (M/F: 13/11; 24 ± 5 years; 30.3 ± 6.2 kg/m2) and without DS (M/F: 13/11; 25 ± 4 years; 26.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2) performed a unilateral isometric knee extension at 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) on a leg dynamometer. Following 2-min of contraction, a thigh-cuff was rapidly inflated to 220 mmHg on the exercised leg for 3-min to isolate the activation of the muscle metaboreflex via PEMI. Beat-to-beat mean and systolic blood pressure (MAP, SBP) were assessed using finger photoplethysmography. Heart rate (HR) was collected via 3-lead electrocardiogram.

Results
Despite similar baseline values of all variables in both groups, individuals with DS demonstrated a blunted pressor response to unilateral isometric knee extension compared to individuals without DS (MAP; DS: 103 ± 14 vs. Non-DS: 125 ± 19 mmHg), and the blunted MAP response was maintained with PEMI (MAP; DS: 95 ± 13 vs. Non-DS: 106 ± 18 mmHg; groupXtime interaction, p < 0.001). Individuals with DS also exhibited reduced HR 2-min into contraction compared to individuals without DS (HR; DS: 90 ± 16 vs. Non-DS: 114 ± 22 bpm; groupXtime interaction, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Individuals with DS demonstrated a diminished metaboreflex response compared to their peers without DS, during a task known to induce sympathoexcitation. Our findings suggest that reduced influence of the metaboreflex contributes to the reduced exercise pressor response in individuals with DS. Such exercise-specific peripheral autonomic alterations extend beyond our previous cardiac autonomic findings demonstrating blunted sympathoexcitatory perturbations in individuals with DS, which may contribute to reduced work capacity observed in this population.
The Use of the Comparative Law Method in Classic Pieces by Aristotle and Plato
Authors: Platsas Antonios Emmanuel 
Published: December 2024

The article explores the Platonic roots and the Aristotelian essence of such a leading academic subject as comparative law. Comparative law is not a creation of the 20th century, even though modern comparative law, as we know it, has indeed matured and developed in the 20th century. The journey of comparative law commences with Plato and Aristotle, even though it was Aristotle that seems to have placed comparative law on its academic rails through his extensive, systematic, and rigorous comparative exploration of constitutions. Nevertheless, Plato must have inspired his best student, Aristotle, in the examination of comparative legal matter. Equally, the mastermind and the driving spirit behind the subject of comparative law, as it came to flourish in modernity, seems to have been Aristotle. Generations of comparative lawyers from Lambert and Salleiles to Zweigert, Kötz, and David effectively cultivated a subject which is quintessentially Aristotelian, despite the subject’s apparent Platonic roots. This exposition proves, substantiates, and analyses the Aristotelian spirit of our subject, a subject which has inspired the discipline of law, Academia, and the world, the article taking a balanced approach between the subject’s Platonic roots and the subject’s Aristotelian essence.
Visible-near infrared broadband photodetector enabled by a photolithography-defined plasmonic disk array
Authors: Dong Huafeng , Yin Qianxi , Wu Ziqiao , Ye Yufan , Li Rongxi , Meng Ziming , Xue Jiancai 
Published: December 2024

2D-material-based photodetectors enhanced by plasmonic nanostructures can support responsivity/detectivity several orders higher than commercial photodetectors, drawing extensive attention as promising candidates for the next-generation photodetectors. However, to boost the nanostructure-enhanced 2D photodetectors into real-world applications, crucial challenges lie in the design of broadband enhancing nanostructures and their scalable and position-controllable fabrication. Here, based on a broadband resonant plasmonic disk array fabricated by a scalable and position-controllable technique (direct writing photolithography), we present a visible-near infrared (405–1310 nm) 2D WS2 photodetector, whose detectivity is up to 3.9×1014 Jones, a value exceeding that of the previous plasmon-enhanced 2D photodetectors. The broadened spectral response range and the high detectivity originate from the hot electron injection, optical absorption enhancement, and strain effect supported by the plasmonic array. Furthermore, the designed plasmonic 2D photodetector supports self-powered photodetection, indicating promising potential in energy-free and portable optoelectronic systems. Our results demonstrate an effective method to construct high-performance broadband photodetectors, which can facilitate the development of 2D photodetectors in commercial applications.
Silicon-integrated scandium-doped aluminum nitride electro-optic modulator
Authors: Xu Tianqi , Liu Yushuai , Pu Yuanmao , Yang Yongxiang , Zhong Qize , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Dong Yuan , Wu Tao , Zheng Shaonan , Hu Ting 
Published: December 2024

Scandium-doped aluminum nitride (AlScN) with an asymmetric hexagonal wurtzite structure exhibits enhanced second-order nonlinear and piezoelectric properties compared to aluminum nitride (AlN), while maintaining a relatively large bandgap. It provides a promising platform for photonic circuits and facilitates the seamless integration of passive and active functional devices. Here, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of Al0.904Sc0.096N electro-optic (EO) micro-ring modulators, introducing active functionalities to the chip-scale AlScN platform. These waveguide-integrated EO modulators utilize sputtered Al0.904Sc0.096N thin films as the light-guiding medium, with the entire fabrication process being compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. We extract the in-device effective EO coefficient of 2.86 pm/V at 12 GHz. The devices show a minimum half-wave voltage-length product of 3.12 V·cm at a modulation frequency of 14 GHz, and achieve a 3-dB modulation bandwidth of approximately 22 GHz. Our work provides a promising modulation scheme for cost-effective silicon-integrated photonics systems.
Effect of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia on stroke recurrence and functional outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Jia , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and dementia may have a significant impact on stroke recurrence and long-term functional outcomes of patients.

Aim
To investigate the potential link between PSCI and dementia, and stroke recurrence, mortality, and poor functional outcomes of stroke survivors.

Methods
A systematic search across Medline, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases was done for studies that evaluated the association of PSCI and dementia with long-term stroke outcomes. The results were expressed as pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and the Chi-square test. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the sample size, geographical location, follow-up, and type of dementia/cognitive impairment. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results
The meta-analysis included thirteen studies. Of them, ten studies (n = 4036) reported a significant association between PSCI and stroke recurrence, with a pooled HR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.14–1.55, I2 = 84.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant association between PSCI and stroke recurrence across various subrgoups. Four studies (n = 1944) demonstrated that patients with PSCI had a higher risk of poor functional outcome, with a pooled HR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.16–2.05, I2 = 80.0%). However, the multivariate analysis did not detect a significant association between PSCI and stroke mortality, with a pooled HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 0.94–2.40, I2 = 45.9%).

Conclusions
The study showed that PSCI was associated with 33% increased stroke recurrence and 68% higher rate of poor functional outcome. Our findings underscore the adverse impact of PSCI on stroke recurrence and functional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of early detection and targeted interventions to mitigate the cognitive impairment burden in stroke survivors.
The association of thyroid stimulating hormone and body fat in adults
Authors: Sun Qin , He Yixuan , Yang Liang 
Published: December 2024

Background
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has been proven to be closely associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity. The objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the intricate association between TSH concentration and obesity, within the adult population. The study focused on a comprehensive examination of the relationship, delving into specific adiposity parameters such as total percent fat (TPF), android percent fat (APF), and gynoid percent fat (GPF).

Methods
This study included 809 participants aged 20 and above with normal TSH values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Multivariable linear regression models examined the associations of TSH concentration with TPF, APF, and GPF. Subgroup analyses, stratified by sex, were performed using multivariable linear regression. Fitted smoothing curves and generalized additive models addressed non-linear relationships between TSH and TPF, APF, and GPF.

Results
In fully adjusted models, a significant positive association was observed between TPF and TSH (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.02, p<0.05), while no such association was evident in APF and GPF. Upon sex stratification, females exhibited significant positive correlations between TSH and TPF, APF, and GPF (all p < 0.001), contrasting with males where no such correlations were found. Notably, a non-linear association was identified in males, specifically a U-shaped curve (inflection point: 32.6%) for TSH and APF.

Conclusion
The study unveiled a statistically significant positive association between TSH and TPF in adults. Upon sex stratification, similar statistically significant relationships were observed between TSH and adiposity (TPF, APF, GPF) in females, while males exhibited a U-shaped non-linear relationship between TSH and APF.
Social determinants of the mental health of pregnant women in Nepal: Stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Sah Lalita Kumari , Hatzidimitriadou Eleni , Wier Jacqueline , Sah Rajeeb Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Women during pregnancy are at a greater risk of experiencing poor mental health, which is one of the major global public health issues, and more so in many developing countries like Nepal, but limited evidence of research on this topic is evident. In this paper, we are focused on exploring the social determinants of the mental health of pregnant women in Nepal from the stakeholder perspectives.

Methods
This paper utilises eight stakeholder perspectives collected through open-ended in-depth interviews. All the interviews were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.

Results
This paper presents three major findings: Inadequate social support, Limited availability and accessibility of maternal health services, and Restricted socioeconomic and cultural context. The inadequate social support from family/relatives, neighbours, community and national policies such as maternity leave, alongside the absence of NGOs/INGOs support, put women at risk of poor mental health. In addition to the inadequate support, limited availability and accessibility of maternal health services potentially cause immense distress among pregnant women. Furthermore, in the context of a patriarchal society, the impact of socioeconomic and cultural context on pregnant women’s mental health is also presented as a major determinant of poor mental health among pregnant women.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, we conclude that pregnant women are at risk of poor mental health experiences in Nepal and recommend that promoting mental health among pregnant women needs a multifaceted approach that should be considered in all the policies and practices involved in promoting the mental health of pregnant women.
Polish Expatriates in Harbin
Authors: Gao Longbin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, with the construction and opening of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), a significant number of Polish expatriates from Russian Poland arrived in Harbin. At its peak, their number exceeded 7,000. The proportion of Poles among the railway’s designers, suppliers, and engineers was notably high. After arriving in Harbin, the Polish community gradually engaged in various social activities, such as building churches, establishing consulates, forming expatriate associations, publishing periodicals, and setting up schools and charitable organizations. These activities left a profound historical imprint on Harbin. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Polish expatriates gradually left Harbin to return to Poland or migrate to other countries. The Polish “Harbinian” have become a “blood” bond in the relationship between China and Poland, playing an irreplaceable role. A deep exploration of the historical and cultural resources of Polish expatriates in Harbin and active promotion of research on this subject can enhance the study of Harbin’s expatriate history and culture, while also positively advancing the development of China–Poland relations in the new era.
Impact of meta-memory techniques in generating effective differential diagnoses in a pediatric core clerkship
Authors: Tiamiyu Khadijah , Pahwa Amit , Gates Megan , Bertram Amanda , Murphy Emily 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We primarily assessed differences in differential diagnosis (DDx) efficacy of initial and refined top diagnoses (tDDx) and “can’t miss” DDx (CMDx) between 3 MMTs (Constellations, Mental CT, and VINDICATES).

Methods
Pediatric clerkship students participated in two 1-h case-based sessions. The case was presented in three aliquots. Students were randomly assigned to MMT groups. Assigned MMTs were used to generate the initial tDDx and CMDx following aliquot 1. tDDx and CMDx were refined following both aliquots 2 and 3. Group DDx responses and student affective data were collected via survey. DDx efficacy was defined using pooled faculty responses and scoring was done by consensus.

Results
There was no significant difference in scores between MMT groups, except the second iteration of CMDx in Case A (Constellations 50 % [interquartile range, IQR, 50–100], Mental CT 50 % [50−100], VINDICATES 0 % [0-50], p=0.02). Students’ self-reported confidence in generating (p<0.001) and refining (p<0.001) their DDx significantly increased after the curriculum.

Conclusions
Although prior studies identified a differential effect of MMTs on DDx generation, we did not observe a difference in initial or refined DDx efficacy between MMTs.
Effect of ball milling on bulk MoS2 and the development of Al–MoS2 nanocomposites by powder metallurgy route
Authors: Sahoo Nityananda , Ghosh Arka , Sahoo Kalpana , Rajoriya Anuj , Das Bappa , Shrivastava Pankaj , Alam Syed Nasimul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study provides an in-depth investigation of the exfoliation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using high-energy ball milling and the subsequent development of aluminum‒molybdenum disulfide (Al–MoS2) nanocomposites via a powder metallurgy (PM) route. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the commercially available bulk MoS2 did not develop new phases after intense ball milling for up to 30 h. The effects of ball milling on the thermal stability and morphological changes in MoS2 powder have also been reported. The milling action caused a shift in the band gap of MoS2, from 1.2 to 1.44 eV due to quantum confinement phenomena confirmed by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The impacts of ball milling on the specific surface area and mean pore diameter of MoS2 were determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis technique. Additionally, the investigation through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verifies the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl (O–H), alkane (C–H), and ether (C–O), on the MoS2 surface. The milling resulted in a significant reduction in particle size from an initial mean size of 1.2 µm–480 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the exfoliated MoS2 revealed a thin, cracked, and flake-like morphology. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the high-energy ball milling resulted in few-layered MoS2 nanoplatelets after 30 h of ball milling. Subsequently, the investigation extended its focus to the development of Al–MoS2 nanocomposites using the PM route, incorporating MoS2 into the Al matrix at different weight percentages (1, 2, 3, and 5 wt.%). Al-5 wt.% MoS2 nanocomposite showed the highest relative density of 93.09 %, the maximum hardness of 743.6 MPa, and the best wear performance among all the Al–MoS2 nanocomposites. The hardness of Al-5 wt.% MoS2 nanocomposite was 109.11 % higher than that of the pure Al sample developed similarly. A maximum compressive strength (σ
max) of 494.67 MPa was observed in Al-5 wt.% MoS2 nanocomposite, which was 1.84 times the value of σ
max obtained from sintered pure Al sample.
How I learned to stop worrying and love the explosion of information [Journal of Southeast Asian Linguistics Society]
Authors: Alves Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Klein’s (Klein, Wolfgang. 1989. Schreiben oder Lesen, aber nicht beides, oder: Vorschlag zur Wiedereinführung der Keilschrift mittels Hammer und Meißel. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 74. 116–119) concerns about and suggestions for dealing with the massive growth in research publishing in light of the human limits on the speed at which such quantities of information are amusing, thoughtful, and worth considering. However, whatever worry and frustration one might feel about the seemingly insurmountable amount of assembled data, information, and analyses – flowing without end – we must accept that it is a messy but essential part of scientific progress.
On close reading and slow writing [Multilingua]
Authors: Codó Eva , Jaspers Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In an academic world in the throes of the audit culture, there is mileage in proposals that call for a reduction of research output. But while such a reduction is defensible on principle, and, indeed, a crucial measure to go against excessive output requirements, we are not sure it guarantees superior scholarship. In this commentary, we will suggest that calls for academic degrowth overlook the room for manoeuvre academics already have or should explore more readily, and that a significant downsizing of research output is not without its own disadvantages: it reduces the space for scholarly dialogue that we believe is essential for thinking, and it diminishes the scope for attentive reading without which there is no high-quality writing. We will bring these considerations to bear in discussing our practice at the helm of Multilingua, indicating how we attempt to hammer and chisel our way through the publishing industry.
Sociolinguistics towards a culturalist turn: a sociolinguistic response to the challenges of mankind [Journal of Multicultural Discourses]
Authors: Shi-xu  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 50 years of the devotion of sociolinguistics under the International Journal of the Sociology of Language have brought us remarkable insights into language in relation to society. For the next half century, for the discipline to engage more effectively with the radically and fast changing human society, i. e. in answer to the provocative questions raised by Wolfgang Klein in Schreiben oder Lesen, aber nicht beides, oder: Vorschlag zur Wiedereinführung der Keilschrift mittels Hammer und Meißel, (1989. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 74. 116–119 [repr. in this issue]) it may do well to take a culturalist turn, or its seminal sociocultural return, by studying language and society, or rather, language-in-society, as a system of culturally diversified and competing discourses with a view to neutralizing the human cultural chasm on the one hand and to enhancing human cultural harmony and prosperity on the other hand.