bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of calcium hydroxide for heritage conservation
Authors: Ali N. T. , Abrahim R. Kh. , Saad H. F. , Jabr N. K. , Hindal S. S. , Hussain Dh. R. , Sekp A. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research aims to employ nanotechnology and spectroscopy in the field of heritage conservation. In this research nanomaterial (calcium hydroxide) used in conservation of manuscripts, paintings and relics because of their impact on reducing the pH of paper which is the basic reason for cellulosic fiber break. The study done in stages, where calcium hydroxide had prepared by chemical method and analysis it by using atomic force microscopes (AFM),scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a first stage. In the second phase, initialize and the preparation of samples and study the properties of synthetic and hardness and microscopic study of the state of fiber cellulosic. Third phase includes spraying the mixture of nanoparticles with the solvent (ethanol or brobanol) and then left to dry and studying their properties again, where the study proved the effectiveness of nano scale mixture to reduce the pH to a long-term period. This new style in dealing with manuscripts is clean and inexpensive.
Study the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties for Laser Dye Rhodamine B
Authors: Alnayli Raad Sh. , Shanon Zahraa S. , Hadi Amara S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study different concentrations (10-2, 10-3, 10-4) mol./l were prepared for Rhodamine B dye in solvent water at room temperature, then the optical linear properties for example transmission and absorption spectrum were calculated by employ UV-visible Spectrophotometer to find the linear index of refraction, the linear coefficient of absorption, the coefficient of extinction, and. reflectivity, the results showed an increase in the coefficient of extinction and index of refraction. values with the increase in the concentrations. The properties of nonlinear optical of the samples for example non-linear index of refraction, and non-linear coefficient of absorbance were measured by using a new technical method called the Z-Scan technique, in two parts; The first one was a closed aperture placed ahead of the detector to calculate the index of nonlinear refractive. While the second part; the aperture ahead the detector was taken away (open manhole) to calculate the coefficient of nonlinear absorption. The two cases were performed using diode laser of a continuous wave (CW) with 650 nm wavelength and input power of 50 mW. The result shows that the samples exhibit negative refractive index (-n
2) self-defocusing for all concentrations and two-photon absorption for open aperture Ž-Scan so that the laser dye at this study can be applied in nonlinear optics application and it is useful in the optical limiter applications.
Effect of porosity on evaluation of radon concentration in soil samples collected from Sulaymania governorate, Iraq
Authors: Salih Najeba F. , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Hamzawi Anees A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study maximum concentration of radon in different location of soil samples collected from Sulaymania governorate has been determined depending on the porosity, pores in the soil, allow water and gases to flow through these media. The porosity of different soils has been determined by diffusing radon gas through these soils. The maximum values of porosity have been found in Kanikurda (0.48), but the minimum in Sheakh-mhiddin (0.40). The lower and higher values of concentration of radon have been found in Zargata (66.80) Bq m-3, (128.00) Bq m-3 in Sheakh- mhiddin. Result showed that the maximum values of specific density and bulk density have been found (1777.77, 1047.11) kg m-3 in Twiymallik, and minimum (1423.49, 777.22) kg m-3 in Malkani, respectively. Average value of specific density (1551.607 kg m-3, 64%) was higher than the average value of bulk density (876.4335 kg m-3, 36%), also the average value of maximum concentration of radon - Cmax (1813.859 Bq m-3, 95%) was higher than the average value of concentration of radon (98.529 Bq m-3, 05%).
Determination of radon concentrations near mobile towers in selected cities of Babylon governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Anees A. , Tawfiq Nada F. , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Najim Firas A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Determination of radon concentration in a dwelling is preferred method for monitoring the internal exposure of radiological contaminants. Measurement the concentration of radon and their daughter products in indoor and outdoor of dwelling for Al-Medhatyah and Al-Hashimiyah cities, Babylon governorate near mobile stations were carried out by nuclear track detectors (CR-39) in a bare mode. The results show that the concentrations of indoor radon were found to vary from 85.51 Bq/m3 to 157.48 Bq/m3 with an average value of 131.43 ± 20.71 Bq/m3.This values was lower than the ICRP reco mmended values of (200 – 300 Bq/m3) and thus is within safe limits. The outdoor radon concentrations was vary fro m 100.75 Bq/m3 to 110.06 Bq/m3 with average 105.26 ± 3.8 Bq/m3, the outdoor radon concentration is usually low and less than average indoor levels. The equilibriu m-equivalent radon concentration (EECRN), potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), annual exposure to potential alpha energy (EP), annual effective dose (AED) and the lung cancer cases per year per million people (CPPP) were calculated.
Calculation the (E2/M1) mixing ratios for 160,162 dysprosium isotopes using an IBM-2
Authors: Obaid Rawaa M , Al Shreefi Mohamed A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The energy levels, B(E2), B(M1) and the mixing ratios (E2/Ml) for chosen transitions are calculated for 160,162Dy isotopes using an IBM-2. The calculations are included for showing the effects of Majrona parameters on the energy of the blending symmetry states. The results obtained for dysprosium isotopes are agreement with the experimental results.
On the linearly and nonlinearly optical for the TiO2/rGO nanocomposite prepared by pulse Laser ablation in Liquid
Authors: Alnayli R Sh , Alkhazaali Hanan , Hakim Zeena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA nanostructured film composed of TiO2and reduced graphite oxide (rGO), the grapheme Flakes were prepared by reduction graphite oxide which was prepare use pulse laser ablation in double distilled and de-ionized water (DDDW) by (Q-switcher, Nd:YAG repetitive modified 6 Hz and the pulse duration 10ns) used wavelength 1064nm, 532nm, E=300mj and 1000pulses, The linear optical measurements showed that nanostructure (TiO2/rGO) thin films have direct energy gap. Morphology of the thin films was studied by characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size was calculated by using equation Debye – Scherer, The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that TiO2/rGO has a fluffy aggregation and the form of grapheme as a flakes, AFM results show that the grain size increase by increasing wavelength. Also in theses papers, the nonlinearity property on this nanocomposite, such as nonlinearly index and nonlinearly absorption coefficients have measured use means of the rings diffraction set-up Z-scan techniques. It is educe that this prepared composite has extreme nonlinearity owing to the two photon absorption (TPA) and optical limiter phenomenally.
Investigation and characterization of simple chemical method Synthesized CdO-NiO Nancomposite
Authors: Ali Abd Mohamed , Hussein Ali Anwar , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the effect of annealing on the physical properties of CdO:NiO thin film. In this research, cadmium oxide (CdO) and Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method. The optical, structural and topographical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by using UV-VIS measurement, The plotted graphs show the optical characteristics of the films which varied with the wavelength and the photon energy, atomic force microscopy AFM, The structure of synthesized CdO and NiO thin films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction XRD which revealed that the CdO and NiO thin films are polycrystalline and have several peaks of cubic face structure. The crystallite size, dislocation density and microstrain of the thin films were calculated and listed. the same procedures are also calculated and included. CdO:NiO Nanofluorocarbons were synthesized by mixing% by weight (CdO and NiO).
The Defects Effect on Electronic and Structural Properties for Boron – Nitride Sulfide Ribbons as a Gas Sensor Using DFT
Authors: Mohammed Nemaa Saif , Mejbel Mohammed A. , Abduljalil Hayder M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this research study the effect defect on edge of boron – nitride ribbons using first principle study by function B3LYP with large basis set 6-31G. After complete relax replace boron atom by sulfur atom to modify ribbons sensing gas. We using (O2, NH3, CO and NO) gases to determine the ability of sensing depending on adsorption energy and total energy. All bond length are agreements with previous study for B-N, C-O, N-H, O2, N-O and N-S with bond length (1.45 – 1.4338), (1.4090 – 1.3545), (1.012 – 1.0122), (1.4722), (1.3988) and (1.6868) Angstrom. The best position for sensitivity for mixing gases equal (1.75) Angstrom with total energy -1797.434 a.u., this value of energy refer to stability of sensor energy. All sample under study that describe as semiconductor device that using in sensing gas particle depending on energy gap values in electron volt unit varies (0.6 – 1.1). The result from this research is change the insulator state of boron – nitride ribbon to semiconductor state depending on defect on edge of ribbons. Adsorption energy calculation classified that CO gas molecule have high ability of interaction with ribbon resulting from chemical adsorption. Other ribbon have interaction energy is low compared with CO gas molecule. All calculation employed using Gaussian 09 program.
Sources and Compositional Pattern of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water of Tigris River throughout Passing Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R , Al-Azawii Luma H A , Al-Azzawi Muhammad N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present study was conducted on the Tigris River in Baghdad Governorate which starting from Al-Muthana bridge to Al-Zaufurania City before it’s jointed with Diyalla River. Six Sites were chosen on Tigris River along Baghdad Governorate. Surface water samples were collected bimonthly from January to December 2013 to measuring the concentrations and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) once every two months and predicting their source of the samples of surface water. The lowest of total PAHs value was 0.007 ppm which recorded during October 2013 at Site 3 where as the highest value was 0.279 ppm which recorded during August 2013.The lowest value of 0.0002 ppm was recorded for Fluorene and Fluoranthene while the highest value of 0.2 ppm for Naphthalene was recorded at Site 3.The composition patterns of PAHs in water were determined. The lowest and highest value of 0.0037 and 0.204 ppm was recorded for 2-ring PAHs at site 3 and 6 during summer and winter of 2013, respectively. Whereas the lowest and highest value of 0.001 and 0.095 were recorded for 3-ring PAHs at site 5 and 6 during winter and summer 2013, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest and highest values of 4-ring PAHs were 0.001 and 0.078 which recorded at site 4 and 6, respectively, during summer 2013. The lowest and the highest concentration of 0.0023 and 0.179 were observed for 5-ring PAHs at site 1 during winter and spring 2013, respectively. The highest concentration of 6-ring PAHs was 0.03 ppm which recorded at site 1 in summer 2013 whereas the lowest concentration was 0.0031 ppm which recorded at site 1 and 3 in winter and spring 2013, respectively. According to the values of ratios (Phen/Ant, Flur/Py, LMW-PAHs/HMW-PAHs), the distribution of PAHs in water may have the origin from different source pyrogenic and petrogenic at site 4 and 5 and from pyrogenic and urban air in other sites of the present study.
Influence of Different Concentrations of Nano-Magnesium Oxide on the Growth of Coelastrella terrestris
Authors: Al-Khazali Zahra K.M. , Alghanmi Haider A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Magnesium ions regulate the electronic properties of the tetrapyrrole ring of chlorophyll Without it, chlorophyll cannot capture sun energy needed for photosynthesis. This research dealt with effect of three concentrations of MgO nanoparticles chosen (25, 12.5,37.5 mg/l) according to concentration of magnesium in Chu-10 medium represented by MgSO4.7H2O (25 mg/l) on the growth rate and Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content in the Coelastrella terrestris, which was classified in genotypic analysis and the partial18S rRNA gene sequence submitted to the GenBank database and obtained the accession number MK336793. The results showed decrease in all vital indicators remember previous when alga exposed to the MgO Nanoparticles in comparative to the control treatment which gave the best growth rate and Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content of the alga. In spite of the magnesium is important to algae, this study found that when its existence in nanoparticles form may behave differently as toxic materials lead to inhibit the growth of Coelastrella terrestris. These results confirmed by the results of the statistical analysis at P<0.05.
LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF NITRATE IN FEED OF RABBITS ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND AMELIORATE ITS EFFECT BY USING VITAMIN C
Authors: Thabit Jassim Alrawi Saad , Mohammed Zuhair A. , Hussein Shalal M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study conducted to investigate the effect of nitrate and vitamin C infeed of the females rabbits on the haematological parameters. Twenty-eight adult New-Zealand females rabbits were divided randomly into four groups of 7 rabbits each, were fed nitrate and vitamin C 16 weeks as follow; Group 1 (G1) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily),Group 2 (G2) fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg / kg B.W./ daily), Group 3 (G3): fed nitrate (170 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (100 mg / kg B.W./ daily) and Group 4 (G4) fed a basal ration as control group. The results showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) in hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb) in the group that fed nitrate (G1) compared with control group and groups that supplied vitamin C (G4, G2 and G3), whereas the groups that fed vitamin C showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control group (G4). From results concluded, the nitrate has inhibition impact on the hematological parameters, while vitamin C decrease this effect.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Isolated from Children with Respiratory Tract Infections in Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Abduljabbar H L , Hussein A A , Al-Mayah Q S , Aufi I M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants worldwide, genotypes responsible of disease severity and host immune responses. This study aims to determine the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus in children with respiratory tract infection and identify the genotyping among the study population. Cross sectional study which enrolled 150 infants with acute respiratory tract infection, males 81(54%) and females 69(46%) aged under five years old, who was admitted to Al-Imamin Al-Kadhimin Medical City and Pediatrics Protection Hospital in Baghdad during the period from December 2017 till April 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each participant and stored as frozen at -70 °C until to use for RNA extraction and convention polymerase chain reaction to detect of respiratory syncytial virus in the study population. According to result of this study out of all these samples, 26 samples were positive for RSV(17.33%). The infection rate of RSV is more common in males 17(65.39%), than females 9(34.61%) and in children ≤ one year (46.15%) also high frequency were noticed among patients live in an urban area (73.08%) and winter 20 (76.92%) than spring 6 (23.08%). According to different clinical feature, fever, cough, and wheezing were more common than other sign. The sequence conducted for all RSV- positive isolates, 11 respiratory syncytial virus positive isolates was in genotype B and 1 in genotype A. The sequence of RSV B the local isolates were closed to Argentina isolation and Tailwind isolate while in genotype A isolates were closed to isolates from different regions (Saudi Arabia, German, India isolation). The conclusion of this study revealed that respiratory syncytial virus B infections were more frequent than RSV A among children with acute respiratory tract infection.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of some gemcitabinemetal complexes
Authors: Husain Al-Mudhaffar Dhafir M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Some new gemcitabine complexes with some metal (II) chlorides (MCl2) have been prepared in 2:1 molal ratio (Gem : MCl2), where M = Cu(II), Co(II). The prepared complexes have been characterized by FTIR, CHN, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant properties for these complexes were evaluated and they showed lower antioxidant properties than the gemcitabine (Gem) alone.
Synthesis, Identification and Studying Biological Activity of Some Heterocyclic Derivatives from 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid
Authors: Kais R , Adnan S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study deals with synthesizing new thiadiazole compound (2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiaz0l-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol)(1) by reaction of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid with thiosemicarbazide in Phosphoric chloride, then it is (1) reacted with 2-Bromobenzaldehydeto getting Schiff base (2-(5-((2-bromobenzylidene) amino)-1,3,4-thiadiaz0l-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol)(2). T0he compound (2) will reacted with (chloroacetylchloride, thioglycolic acid, glycine, sodium azide, phthalic anhydride) to give (β-lactam, thiazolidine, imidazolidine, tetrazole, oxazepine) derivatives respectively. The new synthesized compounds have been identified by their melting points, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Then the biological activity studied for all the synthesized derivatives toward two type of bacteria.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Hydrogel Composites and Their Applications to Adsorptive Removal Congo Red from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Atyaa A I , Radhy N D , Jasim L S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Graphene oxide / (polyvinylpyrrolidone / acrylic acid) composite GO/ (PVP-AAc) was studied as adsorbent for the Congo red dye. The synthesized composites hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The process of adsorption of the Congo red (CR) dye on the surface of the GO/ (PVP-AAc) composite has reached equilibrium state within 60 minutes. The rate of adsorption of the dye on the surface was good due to the high surface area characteristic of the surface of the composite. The adsorption kinetics of the dye on the surface of the composite GO/ (PVP-AAc) were studied using of pseudo-first order model and pseudo-second order model. The results indicated that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order model. The effects of temperature, ionic strength and pH were also studied. In order to determine the maximum adsorption, the linear forms of isotherm of adsorption were studied, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. Also were studied the thermodynamic functions of the process of adsorption of, Gibbs free energy (ΔG), Entropy (ΔS), and Enthalpy (ΔH).
Essentially And Weakly Essentially Coretrectable Modules
Authors: Neamah Al-Aeashi Shukur , Dakhil Shyaa Farhan , Mohammed Ali Hadi Inaam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce two new notions related with coretrectable modules which are called essentially coretrectable and weakly essentially coretrectable modules. Some basic properties of these classes are investigated and some relationships between these modules and other related concepts are given.
Fibrewise Pairwise Soft Separation Axioms
Authors: Yousif Y Y , Hussain M A , Hussain L A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main idea of this research is to study fibrewise pairwise soft forms of the more important separation axioms of ordinary bitopology named fibrewise pairwise soft T
0 spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft T
1 spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft R
0 spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft functionally Hausdorff spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft regular spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft completely regular spaces, fibrewise pairwise soft normal spaces and fibrewise pairwise soft functionally normal spaces. In addition we offer some results concerning it.
Comparative Analysis of the Results of Aerodynamic Calculation of a Spherical Blunted Cone on a Structured and Unstructured Grid
Authors: Surzhikov S T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The results of numerical simulation and comparison with experimental data of the aerodynamic characteristics of a blunt cone are presented. Two authors’ computer codes were used, intended for the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations on tetrahedral unstructured and multi-block structured computational grids. Alternative numerical models on unstructured grids are analyzed in detail.
Meshfree Particle Method Using Molecular Dynamics Techniques for Simulating Viscous Compressible Flows
Authors: Zheleznyakova A L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The work to improve and expand of capabilities of the meshfree particle methods by using molecular dynamic simulations approaches was carried out. The theoretical background and methodological basis of the modified technique, computational aspects and software implementation, as well as examples of application of the proposed hybrid technology for solving actual applied problems are described.
Normal glow discharge in nitrogen and inert gases between flat electrodes with distance of 10 mm
Authors: Kozlov P V , Kotov M A , Ruleva L B , Solodovnikov S I , Surzhikov S T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Experimental study of normal glow discharge in the installation of IPMech RAS is continued. For problem formulation of discharge behavior between “infinite” electrodes investigations were carried out at a distance of 10 mm between flat electrodes with much greater diameter in the pressure range 1÷10 Torr. Dependencies of the characteristic size of the glow region on the discharge current in helium, argon and nitrogen were obtained. Spectral characteristics were constructed. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of the discharge were estimated.
Modified hydrodynamic equations of quantum liquid, taking into account quantum shell effects
Authors: Kuratov S E , Shidlovski D S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the modified hydrodynamic equations of a quantum system consisting of a degenerate electron gas and a classical ion gas, which take into account quantum shell effects, are derived. Two approaches are considered. The first is based on the modification of hydrodynamic equations. The modified equations take into account the shell effects by introducing an additional external field into the equations of motion for the electronic component. The second approach is based on a simplified description of the DFT modeling of the electron distribution for a given ionic distribution. In deriving the self-consistent system of equations, the Green’s function method is used in the coordinate representation, previously successfully applied in analyzing quantum shell effects in a gas bubble of submicron size.