bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral comparison of 10 V standards between the NSAI - NML (Ireland) and the BIPM (BIPM.EM-K11.b)
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Stock Michael , Power Oliver 
Published: January 2019

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.b, a comparison of the 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the National Standards Authority of Ireland - National Metrology Laboratory (NSAI - NML), Dublin, Ireland, was carried out in May and June 2018. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_E (ZE) and BIPM_F (ZF), were transported by freight to NSAI-NML. At NSAI-NML, the reference standard for DC voltage at the 10 V level consists of a group of characterized Zener diode-based electronic voltage standards. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the group standard.
At the BIPM the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at NSAI-NML, with the Josephson Voltage Standard. Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the value assigned to DC voltage standard by NSAI-NML, at the level of 10 V, at NSAI-NML, U
NML, and that assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, at the reference dates of 20 May 2018.

U
NML - U
BIPM = - 1.21 μV,	u
c = 1.38 μV, at 10 V
where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM, at NSAI-NML, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.
The comparison result is within the claimed uncertainties despite the fact that one of the NSAI NML results (for standard ZF) differed from the BIPM value by -1.66 μV.
The voltage standards maintained by NSAI-NML and the BIPM were equivalent, within their stated standard uncertainties, on the mean date of the comparison.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
DC voltage, electronics secondary voltage standard, voltage reference

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Is Associated With Offspring’s Hypertension
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Shuang , Li Weiqin , Leng Junhong , Wang Leishen , Liu Huikun , Li Wei , Zhang Cuiping , Qi Lu , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Chen Jinbo , Yang Xilin , Yu Zhijie , Hu Gang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Several studies assessed maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with the risk of childhood high blood pressure, and the results were inconsistent. We investigated the association between maternal GDM and hypertension risk in offspring during early childhood.

METHODS
We performed a large study in 1,156 mother–child pairs (578 GDM and 578 non-GDM matched by their offspring’s age and sex). Maternal GDM was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Childhood height, weight, and blood pressure were measured using standardized methods. Age-, sex-, and height-specific blood pressure Z score, childhood hypertension, and high blood pressure were evaluated according to the reference range of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.

RESULTS
After adjustment for maternal and children’s characteristics, children born to mothers with GDM during pregnancy had higher mean values of systolic blood pressure Z score (0.09 vs. −0.17), and higher prevalence of hypertension (6.4% vs. 3.5%) and high blood pressure (15.6% vs. 9.3%) in comparison with their counterparts born to mothers without GDM during pregnancy (all P values &lt;0.05). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios among children of mothers with GDM compared with children of mothers without GDM were 2.32 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.16–4.62) for hypertension and 1.89 (95% CI 1.24–2.86) for high blood pressure, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Maternal GDM was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the offspring. Controlling maternal GDM may be important for preventing childhood hypertension in the affected offspring.
Delayed ischaemic contracture onset by empagliflozin associates with NHE1 inhibition and is dependent on insulin in isolated mouse hearts
Authors: Uthman Laween , Nederlof Rianne , Eerbeek Otto , Baartscheer Antonius , Schumacher Cees , Buchholtz Ninée , Hollmann Markus W , Coronel Ruben , Weber Nina C , Zuurbier Coert J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsSodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHE) inhibition properties in isolated cardiomyocytes, but it is unknown whether these properties extend to the intact heart during ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) conditions. NHE inhibitors as Cariporide delay time to onset of contracture (TOC) during ischaemia and reduce IR injury. We hypothesized that, in the ex vivo heart, Empagliflozin (Empa) mimics Cariporide during IR by delaying TOC and reducing IR injury. To facilitate translation to in vivo conditions with insulin present, effects were examined in the absence and presence of insulin.Methods and resultsIsolated C57Bl/6NCrl mouse hearts were subjected to 25 min I and 120 min R without and with 50 mU/L insulin. Without insulin, Empa and Cari delayed TOC by 100 and 129 s, respectively, yet only Cariporide reduced IR injury [infarct size (mean ± SEM in %) from 51 ± 6 to 34 ± 5]. Empa did not delay TOC in the presence of the NHE1 inhibitor Eniporide. Insulin perfusion increased tissue glycogen content at baseline (from 2 ± 2 µmol to 42 ± 1 µmol glycosyl units/g heart dry weight), amplified G6P and lactate accumulation at end-ischaemia, thereby decreased mtHKII and exacerbated IR injury. Under these conditions, Empa (1 µM) and Cariporide (10 µM) were without effect on TOC and IR injury. Empa and Cariporide both inhibited NHE activity, in isolated cardiomyocytes, independent of insulin.ConclusionsIn the absence of insulin, Empa and Cariporide strongly delayed the time to onset of contracture during ischaemia. In the presence of insulin, both Empa and Cari were without effect on IR, possibly because of severe ischaemic acidification. Insulin exacerbates IR injury through increased glycogen depletion during ischaemia and consequently mtHKII dissociation. The data suggest that also in the ex vivo intact heart Empa exerts direct cardiac effects by inhibiting NHE during ischaemia, but not during reperfusion.
Novel Leucocyte/Thrombocyte Apheresis for Induction of Steroid-Free Remission in Ulcerative Colitis: A Controlled Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Kruis Wolfgang , Nguyen Phuong , Morgenstern Julia , Ramlow Wolfgang , Dignaß Axel , Stallmach Andreas , Drebber Uta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
In active ulcerative colitis [UC] refractory to mesalazine, escalation to either steroids or immunosuppression is common practice. The efficacy and safety of alternative escalation therapy with a novel leukocyte apheresis device were studied.

Methods
This was a prospective, randomized, controlled multicentre pilot study comparing leukocyte apheresis with prednisolone in refractory UC (disease activity index [DAI] ≥ 4 and ≤8). Group A received weekly apheresis over five consecutive weeks. Group P received oral prednisolone 40 mg/day tapered to 0 mg at week 6. The primary end point was steroid-free clinical remission [DAI ≤ 2] at week 12. Clinical response was also analysed.

Results
Twenty-four patients were enrolled, 13 of whom were randomized into group A and 11 into group P. Clinical remission off steroids at week 12 was achieved in 3/12 patients [25.0%] with apheresis and 2/10 [20.0%] with prednisolone [p = 1.0]. The response rate after 12 weeks was 75.0% in group A and 50.0% in group P. Mean DAI scores improved in both treatment groups [p = 0.008]. C-reactive protein decreased from 6.0 ± 5.3 to 3.8 ± 3.7 mg/L at 12 weeks in group A and increased from 5.2 ± 6.0 to 6.3 ± 7.9 mg/mL in group P. Both treatments were well tolerated. No unexpected serious adverse events were seen in group A. In group P one symptomatic infection with Clostridium difficile occurred.

Conclusions
In patients with active UC refractory to mesalazine a novel leukocyte apheresis showed promising results. A comparison with prednisolone revealed similar therapeutic effectivity and excellent safety, providing the chance to escalate without systemic steroids.
Symptom profile of patients receiving antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in general practice: an observational study using smartphone technology
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , Krejany Catherine J , Kanjo Epi , Leeb Alan , Peters Ian J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a common presentation in general practice and are linked to high rates of inappropriate antibiotic prescription. There is limited information about the trajectory of patients with this condition who have been prescribed antibiotics.

Objective
To document the symptom profile of patients receiving antibiotics for URTIs in Australian general practice using smartphone technology and online surveys.

Methods
In total, 8218 patients received antibiotics after attending one of the 32 general practice clinics in Australia from June to October 2017: 4089 were identified as URTI presentations and were the cohort studied. Patients completed the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24) 3 and 7 days after visiting their general practitioner (GP).

Results
Six hundred fourteen URTI-specific patients responded to at least one symptom survey (RR 15%). The majority of patients reported moderate to mild symptoms at 72 hours [median global symptom severity score 37 (IQR 19, 59)] post-GP visit which reduced to very mild symptoms or not sick by day 7 [11 (IQR 4, 27)]. Patients receiving antibiotics for URTI reported the same level of symptom severity as patients in previous studies receiving no treatment.

Conclusions
The recovery of most patients within days of receiving antibiotics for URTI mimics the trajectory of patients with viral URTIs without treatment. Antibiotics did not appear to hasten recovery. Monitoring of patients in this context using smart phone technology is feasible but limited by modest response rates.
Long-term Cross-reactivity Against Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus Types 31 and 45 After 2- or 3-Dose Schedules of the AS04-Adjuvanted Human HPV-16/18 Vaccine
Authors: Folschweiller Nicolas , Behre Ulrich , Dionne Marc , Durando Paolo , Esposito Susanna , Ferguson Linda , Ferguson Murdo , Hillemanns Peter , McNeil Shelly A , Peters Klaus , Ramjattan Brian , Schwarz Tino F , Supparatpinyo Khuanchai , Suryakirian Pemmaraju V , Janssens Michel , Moris Philippe , Decreux Annabelle , Poncelet Sylviane , Struyf Frank 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This analysis focused on long-term cross-reactive immunogenicity against nonvaccine human papillomavirus (HPV) types 31 and 45 following 2 doses of AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine in girls aged 9–14 years or following 3 doses in women aged 15–25 years, for up to 3 years (HPV-070 study) and up to 5 years (HPV-048 study) after the first vaccination. Both schedules elicited antibodies against HPV-31 and HPV-45 up to 5 years after first dose. The antibody concentration was similar in young girls as compared to women. Specific CD4+ T-cell and B-cell responses to HPV-31 and HPV-45 at month 36 were similar across groups. Clinical trials registration: NCT01381575 and NCT00541970.
Sodium Channelopathies of the Central Nervous System
Authors: DeCaen Paul G. , George Alfred L. , Thompson Christopher H. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents information about the structure, function, and molecular genetics of voltage-gated sodium channels expressed in the central nervous system. Sodium channels are essential for the generation and propagation of neuronal action potentials. Recent advances in structural biology have provided atomic-scale descriptions of sodium channel structure that can be related to specific functional properties. We further discuss cellular and subcellular localization, as well as the primary physiological functions mediated by sodium channels within the central nervous system. Finally, this chapter examines the association of various sodium channel isoforms with common brain disorders, including epilepsy, autism, and migraine, and explains the range of functional consequences of disease-associated mutations that are correlated with diverse human phenotypes.
The Global HIV/AIDS and LGBT Movements
Authors: Youde Jeremy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A reciprocal relationship exists between HIV/AIDS and LGBT organizing, both historically and in the current era. This chapter analyses the dynamics of the interconnection between these movements since the first description of the disease we now know as AIDS appeared in 1981. It begins by describing the emergence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and how the first organizations dedicated to HIV/AIDS emerged out of and drew inspiration from LGBT groups. It then looks at the specific cases of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) and how both groups linked their activism strategies to previous LGBT organizing experiences in the United States and South Africa, respectively. The chapter then examines the reciprocal relationships between the domestic and international levels in HIV/AIDS and LGBT politics. Finally, it explores the tensions between the HIV/AIDS and LGBT movements and the lines of division within the HIV/AIDS movement itself.
Ellipsis
Authors: Merchant Jason 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter surveys a variety of approaches to ellipsis, classifying them by how they answer the questions of structure (‘Is there structure inside ellipsis sites?’) and identity (‘What kind of identity, if any, holds between an ellipsis and its antecedent?’). It reviews the evidence for and against structure in ellipsis, from lower infinitivals and predicate answers. While the results are mixed, on the whole, the preponderance of the evidence suggests that the analysis of the full range of facts of ellipsis requires reference to syntactic structure.
Ellipsis in Dynamic Syntax
Authors: Kempson Ruth , Gregoromichelaki Eleni , Eshghi Arash , Hough Julian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we argue that ellipsis is a phenomenon that directly parallels anaphora, hence providing direct evidence of the concept of context on which natural language (NL) processing depends. From this perspective, we argue first that, in failing to give due recognition to the interactive and multimodal nature of NL processing, theoretical linguistics has entered a stalemate situation in which no unitary account of ellipsis is possible. The alternative Dynamic Syntax account that we provide next, however, presents ellipsis as a test case for the view that each NL constitutes a set of mechanisms for situated human interaction, with syntax not as a level of representation, but instead comprising a set of procedures for incrementally and predictively effecting conceptual structure–NL-string mappings. The significance of the extended set of so-called ‘elliptical’ phenomena that are examined from this perspective is that they all provide evidence for the seamless integration of NL structures and processing under domain-general action and perception processes.
Early Christian Mosaics in Context
Authors: Britt Karen C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to early Christian mosaics that emphasizes the important role played by archaeology in improving our understanding of their geographical and architectural contexts. After a short discussion of the position of early Christian mosaics in the history of the medium, a brief review of the most productive methodologies used in research on mosaics is undertaken, followed by a survey of mosaic technology that includes the workshops and artists involved in mosaic production. In the rest of the chapter, a selection of mosaics in churches, martyria, chapels, and Christian mausolea located in various parts of the Mediterranean world is examined. The evidence from archaeology demonstrates that although early Christian mosaics share universal themes, the diversity reflected in their iconography and the presence of secondary themes rooted in local traditions necessitate a regional approach to their interpretation.
New Testament Archaeology Beyond the Gospels
Authors: Davis Thomas W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNew Testament archaeology outside of the gospels traditionally focused on the eastern Mediterranean world and was directed to recovering inscriptional material, identifying sites, and documenting individuals mentioned in the New Testament. In the course of the twentieth century, archaeologists of the New Testament used archaeology to establish the backdrop to the New Testament (which frequently meant the urban worlds of Paul and the first Christians), and to reconstruct social and cultural contexts in the Pauline world. This chapter surveys these different approaches and considers how new methodologies and ways of thinking have provided a wealth of data beyond the physical space of the urban world. The chapter considers case studies from Cyprus, Asia Minor, Greece and Macedonia, and Crete.
The relationship between organizational interdependence and additionality obtained from innovation ecosystem participation
Authors: Knockaert Mirjam , Deschryvere Matthias , Lecluyse Laura 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the increased interest in innovation ecosystems, few studies have assessed the extent to which the proclaimed benefits from participating in such ecosystems also occur, and under which circumstances they do occur. Uniting the literature on organizational interdependence and social exchange theory, we assess the behavioral and output additionality obtained by innovation ecosystem participants. In doing so, we build upon a sample of 473 innovative Finnish companies, of which 312 participated in an innovation ecosystem. We find a significantly positive relationship between organizational interdependence and output additionality, and find that this relationship is mediated by behavioral additionality. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between behavioral additionality and output additionality is particularly strong when firms appoint members from the innovation ecosystem to their board of directors, pointing to the importance of internalizing the ecosystem. We discuss implications for academia and practice.
Precollision Medical Diagnoses Predict Chronic Neck Pain Following Acute Whiplash Trauma
Authors: Osterland Tine B. , Kasch Helge , Frostholm Lisbeth , Bendix Tom , Jensen Troels S. , Jensen Jens S. , Carstensen Tina B.W. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
The reason why some individuals develop chronic symptoms, whiplash-associated disorder, following whiplash trauma is poorly understood. We explored whether precollision pain-related diagnoses, medically unexplained symptoms, and psychiatric diagnoses are related to whiplash-associated disorder.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort of 719 individuals exposed to whiplash trauma and subsequently experiencing symptoms within 72 hours (whiplash-exposed cohort) and 3595 matched controls were included in this observational prospective study. At 12 months postcollision, the whiplash-exposed cohort rated their neck pain using the Visual Analog Scale. Data on health were obtained from the Danish National Patient Register for the whiplash-exposed cohort and for the controls for a 5-year period before collision.

Results:
The whiplash-exposed cohort had significantly increased incidences of precollision pain-related diagnoses: χ2(1)=17.42, P<0.001 and medically unexplained symptoms: χ2(1)=22.22, P<0.001 but not psychiatric diagnoses: χ2(1)=3.60, P>0.05 compared with controls in the 5-year period. Participants from the whiplash-exposed cohort with precollision pain-related diagnoses (odds ratio=2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.39; 4.35) and medically unexplained symptoms (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.04; 2.84) had significantly increased odds for neck pain at follow-up.

Discussion:
Precollision pain and medically unexplained symptoms predict chronic neck pain following whiplash trauma. This may indicate that a sensitization process was initiated before the collision or that individuals with precollision low threshold for contacting health care services maintain this behavior postcollision. The collision may trigger existing individual vulnerabilities that constitute to be a risk factor for chronic whiplash.
Distinct Patterns of Hair Graft Survival After Transplantation Into 2 Nonhealing Ulcers: Is Location Everything?
Authors: Alam Majid , Cooley Jerry , Plotczyk Magdalena , Martínez-Martín María Soledad , Izeta Ander , Paus Ralf , Jimenez Francisco 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Studies highlighting the role of hair follicles (HFs) in wound healing have raised the challenge of bringing this knowledge to clinical applications. A successful translation is the transplantation of scalp HFs into chronic wounds to promote healing.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize scar formation and hair growth in nonhealing ulcers after transplantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Nonhealing ulcers were treated with hair transplantation to promote wound healing. Hair follicles were harvested from the patient's scalp and inserted into the wound bed. Wound repair and hair growth were assessed clinically. Further analyses were performed in situ, using biopsies from the central and peripheral scar.

RESULTS
Rapid wound closure and differences of scar quality and hair growth between the central and peripheral wound areas were observed: the periphery healed with no hair shaft survival and an almost scarless appearance, the center healed with a fibrotic scar, with some hair shaft growth. In situ analyses revealed differences in dermal remodeling and collagen formation between central and peripheral scar areas.

CONCLUSION
Besides confirming the effectiveness of this therapy to promote wound healing in human skin, location-dependent disparities in scar quality and hair growth raise the intriguing question whether they are due to clinically important differences in mechanical forces and/or wound microenvironments between ulcer center and periphery.