bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric‐Oxide‐Releasing Biomaterial Regulation of the Stem Cell Microenvironment in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Midgley Adam C. , Wei Yongzhen , Li Zongjin , Kong Deling , Zhao Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStem cell therapy has proven to be an attractive solution for the treatment of degenerative diseases or injury. However, poor cell engraftment and survival within injured tissues limits the successful use of stem cell therapy within the clinical setting. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes. Emerging evidence supports NO's diverse roles in modulating stem cell behavior, including survival, migration, differentiation, and paracrine secretion of proregenerative factors. Thus, there has been a shift in research focus to concentrate efforts on the delivery of therapeutic concentration ranges of NO to the target tissue sites. Combinatory therapies utilizing biomaterials that control NO generation and support stem cell delivery can be holistic and synergistic approaches to significantly improve tissue regeneration. Here, the focus is on recent developments of various therapeutic platforms, engineered to both transport NO and to enhance stem‐cell‐mediated regeneration of damaged tissues. New and emerging revelations of how the stem cell microenvironment can be regulated by NO‐releasing biomaterials are also highlighted.
Fundamentals of TiO2 Photocatalysis: Concepts, Mechanisms, and Challenges
Authors: Guo Qing , Zhou Chuanyao , Ma Zhibo , Yang Xueming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysis has been widely applied in various areas, such as solar cells, water splitting, and pollutant degradation. Therefore, the photochemical mechanisms and basic principles of photocatalysis, especially TiO2 photocatalysis, have been extensively investigated by various surface science methods in the last decade, aiming to provide important information for TiO2 photocatalysis under real environmental conditions. Recent progress that provides fundamental insights into TiO2 photocatalysis at a molecular level is highlighted. Insights into the structures of TiO2 and the basic principles of TiO2 photocatalysis are discussed first, which provides the basic concepts of TiO2 photocatalysis. Following this, details of the photochemistry of three important molecules (oxygen, water, methanol) on the model TiO2 surfaces are presented, in an attempt to unravel the relationship between charge/energy transfer and bond breaking/forming in TiO2 photocatalysis. Lastly, challenges and opportunities of the mechanistic studies of TiO2 photocatalysis at the molecular level are discussed briefly, as well as possible photocatalysis models.
Self‐Amplified Drug Delivery with Light‐Inducible Nanocargoes to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Feng Bing , Hou Bo , Xu Zhiai , Saeed Madiha , Yu Haijun , Li Yaping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemoimmunotherapy by systemic administration of individual regimens suffers from inconsistent pharmacokinetics profiles, low tumor specificity, and severe side effects. Despite promising nanoparticle‐based codelivery approaches in therapeutics, the pathophysiological barriers of solid tumors are a hurdle for tumor accumulation and deep penetration of the drug‐loaded nanoparticles. A light‐inducible nanocargo (LINC) for immunotherapy is reported. LINC is composed of a reduction‐responsive heterodimer of photosensitizer pheophorbide A (PPa) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1) inhibitor, i.e., NLG919, and a light‐activatable prodrug of oxaliplatin (OXA). LINC administrated through intravenous injection is passively accumulated at the tumor site to generate near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal. Under fluorescence imaging guidance, the first‐wave of NIR laser irradiation induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, trigger cleavage of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona, and thus promote tumor retention and deep penetration of LINC. When exposed to the second‐wave NIR laser illumination, LINC efficiently elicits the immune response and promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Furthermore, NLG919 delivered by LINC reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing IDO‐1 activity. Chemoimmunotherapy with LINC inhibit the tumor growth, lung metastasis, and tumor recurrence. The light‐inducible self‐amplification strategy for improved drug delivery and immunotherapy shows potential.
Spin‐Polarized Electronic Transport through Ferromagnet/Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Spinterfaces at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Qin , Duan Jiashun , Zhang Caixia , Zhao Fenggui , Yu Haomiao , Hu Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have been explosively investigated mainly due to their potential applications in optoelectronics. Despite the electronic charge transport, phenomena regarding the spin‐polarized electronic transport in OIHPs‐based spintronic devices and the role of ferromagnet/OIHP spinterfaces remain unclear. In this work, the spin injection, accumulation, transport, and detection at room temperature for a vertical perovskite spin valve (PeSV) consisting of Ni/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/Ni is reported. An in‐plane anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and a PeSV related magnetoresistance (MR) show remarkable magnetic switching behaviors due to the formation of Ni/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx spinterfaces, and the ferromagnetic coupling between two spin quantization axes of the spinterfaces. With assists of capacitance–frequency (C − − f) measurements under magnetic fields, the spin accumulation that occurs at the Ni/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx interface can be detected at the spin parallel (↑↑) and antiparallel (↑↓) configurations. Owing to a strong orbital interaction at the Ni/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx hybrid interface, the spin‐sensitive electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) reveals significant change of the magnetic moment (µ). It is believed that the solution processed CH3NH3PbI3−xClx and the formation of the Ni/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx spinterface may hold an exceptionally important role for future hybrid optospintronic applications.
High‐Resolution and Controllable Nanodeposition Pattern of Ag Nanoparticles by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Combined with Coffee Ring Effect
Authors: Zhou Peilin , Yu Haibo , Zou Wuhao , Wang Zhidong , Liu Lianqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the resolution of deposition patterns and produce the required deposition morphology of functional nanomaterials formed by electrohydrodynamic jet (E‐jet) printing, it is vital to control the evolution of the coffee ring during droplet evaporation. Herein, the mechanism of the coffee ring effect at the nanoscale is studied, which will enable to realize a high‐resolution deposition pattern of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) formed by E‐jet printing. Under different substrate treatment conditions, the morphologies of the AgNP solution deposits with various chemical compositions are examined by atomic force microscopy for precise statistics and analysis. Thus, the formation mechanism and 3D morphology parameters of the deposition pattern generated by the coffee ring effect are studied in detail at the nanoscale. Structures with different morphologies are controllably fabricated, and a ring with a line width of the order of sub‐50 nm is obtained. This fabrication process for the nanodeposition pattern is suitable for other types of nanomaterials as well; therefore, this work will have immense potential and significance for functional material patterning, nanodevice fabrication, and flexible electronic devices.
Sodium Ion Modifying In Situ Fabricated CsPbBr3 Nanoparticles for Efficient Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Hongting , Fan Lianwei , Zhang Rui , Liu Wei , Zhang Qing , Guo Runda , Zhuang Shaoqing , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskite has attracted much attention because of the higher stability. Many organic additives such as alkyl chain ammonium and polymers are usually introduced into perovskite to improve their performance. However, the long chain ammonium cations in perovskite may restrain the carrier transfer ability and ultimately deteriorate the performance of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, the CsPbBr3 nanoparticles (NPs) are in situ fabricated by the synergistic effect of poly(ethylene oxide) and phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr). Particularly, sodium bromide (NaBr) with better conductivity is successfully introduced into CsPbBr3 NPs to substitute PEA partially, ultimately to passivate the defect and promote the carrier transfer ability. Besides, the addition of NaBr results in a better promotion for electron mobility than for hole mobility leading to a more balanced charge transport in devices. It enables NaBr based CsPbBr3 NPs green LEDs to exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 17.4%, which presents obvious enhancement compared to the LEDs without NaBr (EQEmax = 12%). Further, NaBr based CsPbBr3 NPs LEDs with a large area of 108 mm2 still show a high maximum EQE of 10.2%. Above all, this work provides a feasible way of adding metal additive in perovskite films to improve the performance of perovskite LEDs.
Four‐Wave Mixing Holographic Multiplexing Based on Nonlinear Metasurfaces
Authors: Lin Zemeng , Huang Lingling , Xu Zhen Tao , Li Xiaowei , Zentgraf Thomas , Wang Yongtian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces are utilized to realize computer‐generated holograms (CGHs), with excellent wavefront shaping ability and ultrasmall footprint. To increase the information capacity of metasurface holograms, smart multiplexing techniques together with suitable designs are highly demanded. However, so far only a few approaches to achieve nonlinear metasurfaces holographic multiplexing based on CGHs are proposed, due to limited freedoms of multiplexing and proper metasurfaces' design. The nonlinear interaction of light with the metasurface can generate new frequencies compared to the input laser beam, which is promising to realize spectral and spatial multifunctional wavefront manipulation. Here, a four‐wave mixing (FWM) holographic multiplexing technique is numerically proposed using a nonlinear metasurface composed of a nanoapertures array. It is demonstrated that the complex amplitude modulation by such a metasurface through the FWM process can be utilized for amplitude‐only CGHs, which can process significantly independent information at different nonlinear frequencies in the optical regime. Utilizing the spatial and spectral multiplexing of nonlinear metasurfaces holography, they can be found applications for multidimensional holographic displays and can provide enhanced security for optical data storage. These results show that nonlinear metasurfaces are promising for applications of arbitrary frequency conversion and optical encryption and anticounterfeiting designs.
Free Carrier, Exciton, and Phonon Dynamics in Lead‐Halide Perovskites Studied with Ultrafast Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Daming , Chia Elbert E. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTerahertz time‐domain spectroscopy is a noncontact, coherent technique that can probe dynamics of carriers, phonons and excitons, and the interplay among these degrees of freedom, which determines the functionalities of the system. In the past few years, lead‐halide perovskites have shown to be a promising class of materials in the areas of solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and field‐effect transistors. In these electronic and photonic devices, the knowledge of the dynamics of charge carriers and other low‐energy excitations is crucial to understand the underlying physics that ultimately determines the device performances. Here, some of the most representative works in the area of halide perovskite research using terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy and time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy are reviewed, highlighting the power of ultrafast terahertz techniques on this class of material system.
Visible Light‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Arenediazonium Salts with Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids: Direct Access to Aryl Alkynes by Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Yang Liangfeng , Li Haifeng , Du Yijun , Cheng Kai , Qi Chenze 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA convenient method mediated by photoredox catalysis is developed for the direct construction of aryl alkynes. Readily available aromatic diazonium salts have been utilized as the aryl radical source to couple alkynyl carboxylic acids to feature the decarboxylative arylation. A wide range of substrates are amenable to this protocol with broad functional group tolerance, and diversely‐functionalized aryl alkynes could be synthesized under mild, neutral and transition metal‐free reaction conditions using visible light irradiation. Alongside synthetic sustainability associated with the photocatalytic and transition metal‐free operation, another key point of this method is that the organic dye catalyst acts as an excited‐state reductant, thus establishing the quenching cycle for radical addition and decarboxylative elimination.magnified image
Circulating DNA‐Based Sequencing Guided Anlotinib Therapy in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhong Hua , Wu Jun , Chu Tianqing , Zhang Lele , Li Hua , Wang Qiming , Li Rong , Zhao Yizhuo , Gu Aiqin , Wang Huimin , Shi Chunlei , Xiong Liwen , Zhang Xueyan , Zhang Wei , Lou Yuqing , Yan Bo , Dong Yu , Zhang Yanwei , Li Baolan , Zhang Li , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Kai , Han Baohui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnlotinib is a multitargeted antiangiogenic drug, and its clinical predictor for responsive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is still elusive. Here, tumor‐specific target capture is used to profile the circulating DNA of ALTER0303 (evaluating NSCLC clinical antitumor efficacy through anlotinib therapy) study participants. The results indicate that patients receiving no benefit can be mainly excluded via analysis of ARID1A and BRCA2 genetic profiling. For patients with no durable benefit and durable clinical benefit patients, three predictors: germline and somatic mutation burden (G+S MB), nonsynonymous and synonymous mutation burden (N+S MB), and unfavorable mutation score of circulating DNA profiling are identified. Through integrating the advantages and disadvantages of three independent predictors, the tumor mutation index (TMI) is established as a prediction model and the patients who are very likely to benefit more from anlotinib therapy are identified. Furthermore, the IDH1exon 4 mutation is identified as an unfavorable factor for anlotinib therapy under TMI‐based stratification, and the TMI plus IDH1exon 4 mutation status potentially predicts response to anlotinib. Collectively, this study provides a circulating DNA sequencing–based stratification method for identifying anlotinib responders via a noninvasive approach, and thus potentially improves the clinical outcome of NSCLC patients receiving third‐line therapy.
World Health Organization‐defined eosinophilic disorders: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Shomali William , Gotlib Jason 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDisease overviewThe eosinophilias encompass a broad range of non‐hematologic (secondary or reactive) and hematologic (primary or clonal) disorders with potential for end‐organ damage.DiagnosisHypereosinophilia has generally been defined as a peripheral blood eosinophil count greater than 1.5 × 109/L, and may be associated with tissue damage. After exclusion of secondary causes of eosinophilia, diagnostic evaluation of primary eosinophilias relies on a combination of various tests. They include morphologic review of the blood and marrow, standard cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ‐hybridization, flow immunophenotyping, and T‐cell clonality assessment to detect histopathologic or clonal evidence for an acute or chronic hematolymphoid neoplasm.Risk stratificationDisease prognosis relies on identifying the subtype of eosinophilia. After evaluation of secondary causes of eosinophilia, the 2016 World Health Organization endorses a semi‐molecular classification scheme of disease subtypes. This includes the major category “myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 or with PCM1‐JAK2”, and the MPN subtype, “chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified” (CEL, NOS). Lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilia is an aberrant T‐cell clone‐driven reactive eosinophila, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a diagnosis of exclusion.Risk‐adapted therapyThe goal of therapy is to mitigate eosinophil‐mediated organ damage. For patients with milder forms of eosinophilia (eg, <1.5 × 109/L) without symptoms or signs of organ involvement, a watch and wait approach with close‐follow‐up may be undertaken. Identification of rearranged PDGFRA or PDGFRB is critical because of the exquisite responsiveness of these diseases to imatinib. Corticosteroids are first‐line therapy for patients with lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilia and HES. Hydroxyurea and interferon‐alfa have demonstrated efficacy as initial treatment and in steroid‐refractory cases of HES. In addition to hydroxyurea, second line cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been used for aggressive forms of HES and CEL, with outcomes reported for limited numbers of patients. The use of antibodies against interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) (mepolizumab), the IL‐5 receptor (benralizumab), as well as other targets on eosinophils remains an active area of investigation.
C−H Mono‐Nitration of Indolines using tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Sau Sudip , Bose Anima , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNitration reactions on non‐prefunctionalized aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds are generally done under harsh conditions. However, these reactions are non‐selective to mono‐substitution and often produce a mixture of products. Herein we report a mild mono‐nitration reaction on indolines, either at −C5 or −C7 positions, with 100% regioselectivity using tert‐butyl nitrite. The reactions are carried out in acetonitrile and without any additives except nitrating agent tert‐butyl nitrite.
Donor–Acceptor Nanocarbon Ensembles to Boost Metal‐Free All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by Combined Surface and Dual Electronic Modulation
Authors: Yang Meijia , Zhang You , Jian Junhua , Fang Long , Li Jing , Fang Zhengsong , Yuan Zhongke , Dai Liming , Chen Xudong , Yu Dingshan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA combined surface and dual electronic modulation strategy is used to realize metal‐free all‐pH catalysis towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by coupling a N‐doped carbon framework (MHCF, electron acceptors) derived from MOFs with higher‐Fermi‐level pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs, electron donors), followed by surface modification with carboxyl‐group‐rich polymers. Although the three constituents are inactive, as‐assembled ternary membranes yield superior HER performance with low overpotentials and high durability (≤5 % activity loss over 100 h) at all pH values. The C adjacent to pyrrolic N in MHCF is the most active site and the induced directional interfacial electron transfer from CNTs to MHCF coupled with N‐driven intramolecular electron transfer in MHCF optimizes Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) near zero, while the polymer modulation enables local H+ enrichment in acidic media and enhanced water adsorption and activation in neutral and basic media.
Influence of amine‐terminated additives on thermal and mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured epoxy
Authors: Baig Zahra , Akram Nadia , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Saeed Muhammad , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Ali Liaquat , Saleem Sundas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe present work accounts for the influence of aromatic amide oligomers on the inherent brittleness of cured epoxy. Aromatic and aliphatic amine‐terminated amide oligomers have been prepared by condensation polymerization using isophthaloyl dichloride and two different amines. The oligomers have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is cured with a diamine (4,4′‐oxydianiline) by using different weight ratio of oligomers. The FTIR of cured epoxy shows ring opening by the disappearance of oxirane ring peak at 913 cm−1, whereas X‐ray diffraction shows its amorphous phase in the cured state. The thermogravimetric analysis of the resultant composites shows that the thermal stability slightly decreases (467–454 °C) with increasing the oligomer content from 5 to 25 wt %, whereas the mechanical parameters (Young's modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break) increase with increase in the oligomer content. DMA shows lower tanδ values for aliphatic amine‐terminated oligomers for cured epoxy. Two‐phase surface morphology is observed through scanning electron microscopy. Owing to their high mechanical and thermal properties, aromatic amides have observed to greatly influence the mechanical properties of cured epoxy, particularly its brittleness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48404.
A review of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of auraptene
Authors: Bibak Bahram , Shakeri Farzaneh , Barreto George E. , Keshavarzi Zakieh , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is a growing awareness in herbal medications as they are usually safe and devoid of significant adverse effects. Auraptene is a natural bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether and is consumed all over the world. There is growing evidence of the therapeutic benefits of auraptene. Auraptene, also known as auraptene and 7‐geranyloxycoumarin, is a bioactive monoterpene coumarin from Rutaceae family, which is isolated from Citrus aurantium (Seville orange) and Aegle marmelos (bael fruit). Auraptene is a highly pleiotropic molecule, which can modulate intracellular signaling pathways that control inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. It has a potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as its excellent safety profile. In the present article, various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of auraptene were reviewed. Different online databases using keywords such as auraptene, therapeutic effects and pharmacological effects were searched until the end of September 2018, for this purpose. Auraptene has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of a broad range of disorders including inflammatory disorders, dysentery, wounds, scars, keloids, and pain. In addition, different studies have demonstrated that auraptene possesses numerous pharmacological properties including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, anti‐diabetic, anti‐hypertensive and anti‐cancer as well as neuroprotective effects. The present review provides a detailed survey of scientific researches regarding pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects of auraptene.