bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a Clinical Laboratory in a Tertiary/Quaternary Care Greenfield Hospital in the Middle East: Recounting the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Experience
Authors: Mirza Imran , AbdelWareth Laila O. , Liaqat Muneezeh , Anderson Peter , Palmer Bryson , Turner Andrew , Pallinalakam Fasila , Ali Helal Bin , Tantia Eufe , Lari Sara , Tiexiera Therese , Suchy Paul , Bosler David , Kottke-Marchant Kandice 
Published: August 2018

Context.—This review chronicles the establishment of a clinical laboratory in Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, a greenfield tertiary/quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates. It discusses the challenges faced, solutions sought, and lessons learned and shares insights and pitfalls that may be encountered in such an undertaking.Objectives.—To share our experience in building a clinical laboratory in a start-up, multispecialty hospital and how we provided support and managed people, processes, and technology for building and making operational the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi.Data Sources.—The Medline (PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) database was used to review this topic as well as other journals, books, and Google (Mountain View, California) search engine.Conclusions.—To deliver on the promise of quality healthcare in a culturally appropriate setting close to home, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi proved to be an unprecedented and ambitious project, jointly carried out by Mubadala Investment Corporation and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Cognizant of the scale of this task, hospital leadership engaged closely with staff and stakeholders through motivational techniques and effective communication. Excellent project planning and execution of complex tasks were required for initiation of services. Establishing the clinical laboratory served as an instructive model in fostering multidisciplinary teamwork by highlighting ways to manage operational roadblocks and opportunities in the planning, commissioning, and activation phases. Throughout the activation process, all efforts were directed to create a patient-safety culture within an intentional-learning organization.
Utility of Core Needle Biopsies and Transbronchial Biopsies for Diagnosing Nonneoplastic Lung Diseases
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Mehta Atul C. 
Published: August 2018

Context.—Small lung biopsies (core needle biopsies and transbronchial biopsies) are the most common—and often the first—lung sample obtained when a radiologic abnormality is detected and tissue diagnosis is required. When a neoplastic diagnosis cannot be made but pathologic abnormalities are present, it is useful for pathologists to have a list (“menu”) of specific nonneoplastic diagnoses that can be made in these samples.Objective.—To provide surgical pathologists and pathology trainees with menus of nonneoplastic entities that can be diagnosed in small lung biopsies, and to briefly describe and illustrate some of these entities as they appear in small lung biopsies.Data Sources.—Published literature and the authors' experience with small lung biopsies for diagnosis of nonneoplastic lung diseases.Conclusions.—Although sampling error imposes some limitations, core needle biopsies and transbronchial lung biopsies can contribute to the diagnosis of a variety of nonneoplastic lung diseases and reduce the need for invasive surgical intervention.
Experiência de pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior: um olhar sobre a vivência de empoderamento e autoadvocacia
Authors: Dantas Taísa Caldas 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como foco a experiência de estudantes com deficiência no ensino superior. Seu objetivo é analisar como a inserção de pessoas com deficiência nesse nível de ensino conduz a vivência do empoderamento e da autoadvocacia e rompe com o isolamento social. A história ilumina que não é de hoje que as experiências de exclusão marcam a vida do grupo social constituído pelas pessoas com deficiência, o qual permanece em uma situação de desvantagem social intensa. Esta pesquisa se insere no campo de conhecimento dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, e aderiu à abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram analisadas as vozes de estudantes com deficiência da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Os achados desta pesquisa revelam que a inserção no ensino superior gera autonomia e a participação; a universidade é um ambiente que cria oportunidades para que pessoas com deficiência interajam com pessoas sem deficiência, gerando um círculo de amizades; a presença de estudantes com deficiência na universidade pode trazer também a não aceitação delas por parte dos/as outros/as colegas, os/as quais não conseguem compreender a posição de autoadvogadas; as práticas docentes são elementos-chave para favorecer ou não o processo de empoderamento de pessoas com deficiência.
Inclusão no contexto escolar: Estado do conhecimento, práticas e proposições
Authors: Caimi Flávia Eloisa , Luz Rosângela Nunes da 
Published: August 2018

O estudo focaliza as tendências de produção científica concernentes à Educação Inclusiva, elegendo como fonte de dados primários a Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial, observado o recorte temporal 2005-2015. Com o objetivo de sistematizar as alternativas/proposições que vêm sendo gestadas e efetivadas no âmbito da pesquisa acadêmica frente ao tema da inclusão escolar, constituiu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, do tipo estado do conhecimento, tomando como corpus 41 artigos publicados na referida revista, interpelando-os com indagações dessa natureza: quem são os pesquisadores e quais suas procedências? Quais os procedimentos metodológicos adotados nas pesquisas? Que campos e objetos de estudo são privilegiados? Quais as críticas e alternativas/proposições apontadas nos trabalhos para a prática da Educação Inclusiva? Dentre os resultados da pesquisa destaca-se: a necessidade da aquisição continuada de conhecimentos que auxiliem na formação de visão, postura e ações alinhadas ao processo inclusivo; a exigência de comprometimento e disponibilidade dos sujeitos envolvidos com a inclusão, única via que viabiliza aos alunos oportunidades de participar e potencializar suas habilidades; a superação da inclusão escolar como modelo imposto pelo governo, que generaliza e formata diferenças em semelhanças; a participação e o apoio da sociedade, dos órgãos governamentais e de toda a comunidade escolar como condição essencial para que a inclusão dos alunos com deficiência se efetive com a qualidade e celeridade necessárias. Assim, reforça-se a tese de que é necessário atender aos alunos com deficiência no sistema regular de ensino, de forma a promover a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento pessoal para todos os que ali se encontram.
The relationship between phylogenetic classification, virulence and antibiotic resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in İzmir province, Turkey
Authors: Bozcal Elif , Eldem Vahap , Aydemir Sohret , Skurnik Mikael 
Published: August 2018

Background
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important bacterium and responsible for many bloodstream infections, including urinary tract infections and even fatal bacteremia. The aim of this research was to investigate whether ExPEC strains isolated from Turkish blood cultures have a relationship between 16S rRNA based phylogenetic clusters and antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence factors or clonal lineages.

Methods
Phenotypically identified ExPEC blood culture isolates (n = 104) were included in this study. The 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis was performed for genotypic identification of ExPEC isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase testing of isolates were performed. Phylogenetic classification (A, B1, B2 and D), Multi Locus Sequence Typing analysis and virulence-associated genes were investigated.

Results
Based on 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis, 97 out of 104 (93.26%) ExPEC isolates were confirmed as E. coli. Ampicillin (74.22%) and cefuroxime axetil (65.97%) resistances had the highest frequencies among the ExPEC isolates. In terms of phylogenetic classification of ExPEC, D (38.14%, 37/97) was the most prevalent group after A (29.89%, 29/97), B2 (20.61%, 20/97), and B1 (11.34%, 11/97). The sequence types of the 20 ExPEC isolates belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group were analyzed by Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Ten isolates out of 20 (50.0%) were identified as ST131. The other STs were ST95 (n = 1), ST14 (n = 1), ST10 (n = 1), ST69 (n = 1), ST1722 (n = 2), ST141 (n = 1), ST88 (n = 1), ST80 (n = 1), and ST998 (n = 1). Of the ST131 strains, six (60%, 6/10) represented serogroup O25. The most common virulence factor genes were serum resistance factor gene, traT (55.7%) aerobactin siderophore receptor and yersiniabactin encoding genes iutA (45.3%) and fyuA (50.5%), respectively. In addition, PAI (41.2%), iroN (23.7%), hlyA (15.4%), kpsII (13.4%), ompT (13.4%), papG (12.4%), iss (9.3%), cnf1 (7.2%), ibeA (2.06%), and sfaS (2.06%) genes were present in the ExPEC isolates.

Conclusion
The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic relationship tree analysis showed that a large cluster was present among 97 ExPEC isolates along with related reference strains. There were 21 main clusters with 32 closely related subclusters. Based on our findings, different clonal lineages of ExPEC can display different antibiotic susceptibilities and virulence properties. We also concluded that virulence factors were not distributed depending on phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D). The ExPEC isolates belonging to the same phylogenetic group and sequence type could display different resistance and virulence characteristics.
Picosecond Capture of Photoexcited Electrons Improves Photovoltaic Conversion in MAPbI3:C70‐Doped Planar and Mesoporous Solar Cells
Authors: Gharibzadeh Saba , Valduga de Almeida Camargo Franco , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Gschwend Grégoire Clément , Pascual Jorge , Tena‐Zaera Ramón , Cerullo Giulio , Grancini Giulia , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, solar cells based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) doped in solution with C70 fullerene in a mesoporous as well as planar electron‐transporting layer (ETL)‐free architecture are realized, showcasing in the latter case a record efficiency of 15.7% and an improved open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Contrary to the bulk heterojunction previously reported, the C70 molecules do not phase segregate and they are rather finely dispersed in the perovskite film, possibly infiltrating at the grain boundaries, while assisting the growth of a highly uniform perovskite layer. By means of time‐resolved femtosecond‐to‐nanosecond optical spectroscopy, with an extended spectral coverage, it is observed that electrons photogenerated in the perovskite are transferred to C70 with a time constant of 20 ps. Despite being captured by C70, electrons are not deeply trapped and can potentially bounce back into the perovskite, as suggested by the high fill factor and enhanced VOC of the MAPbI3:C70 solar cells, especially in the case of the ETL‐free device configuration.
High‐Performance Next‐Generation Perovskite Nanocrystal Scintillator for Nondestructive X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Heo Jin Hyuck , Shin Dong Hee , Park Jin Kyoung , Kim Do Hun , Lee Sang Jin , Im Sang Hyuk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReadily commercializable and cost‐effective next‐generation CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) based X‐ray detectors are demonstrated. The PNCs‐based X‐ray detector exhibits higher spatial resolution (9.8 lp mm−1 at modulation transfer function (MTF) = 0.2 and 12.5–8.9 lp mm−1 for a linear line chart), faster response time (≈200 ns), and comparable stability (>40 Gyair s−1 of X‐ray exposure) compared with the commercialized terbium‐doped gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS)‐based detectors (spatial resolution = 6.2 lp mm−1 at MTF = 0.2 and 6.3 lp mm−1 for a linear line chart, response time = ≈1200 ns) because the PNCs‐based scintillator has ≈5.6‐fold faster average photoluminescence lifetime and stronger emission than the GOS‐based one.
FA0.88Cs0.12PbI3−x(PF6)x Interlayer Formed by Ion Exchange Reaction between Perovskite and Hole Transporting Layer for Improving Photovoltaic Performance and Stability
Authors: Chen Jiangzhao , Kim Seul‐Gi , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterface engineering to form an interlayer via ion exchange reaction is reported. A FA0.88Cs0.12PbI3 formamidinium (FA) perovskite layer is first prepared, then FAPF6 solution with different concentrations is spin‐coated on top of the perovskite film, which leads to a partial substitution of iodide by PF6− ion. The second phase with nominal composition of FA0.88Cs0.12PbI3−x(PF6)x is grown at the grain boundary, which has island morphology and its size depends on the FAPF6 solution concentration. The lattice is expanded and bandgap is reduced due to inclusion of larger PF6− ions. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is significantly enhanced from 17.8% to 19.3% as a consequence of improved fill factor and open‐circuit voltage (Voc). In addition, current–voltage hysteresis is reduced. Post‐treatment with FAPF6 reduces defect density and enhances carrier lifetime, which is responsible for the improved photovoltaic performance and reduced hysteresis. The unencapsulated device with post‐treated perovskite film demonstrates better stability than the pristine perovskite, where the initial PCE retains over 80% after 528 h exposure under relative humidity of around 50–70% in the dark and 92% after 360 h under one sun illumination.
A New Facile Route to Flexible and Semi‐Transparent Electrodes Based on Water Exfoliated Graphene and their Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Shin Dong‐Wook , Barnes Matthew D. , Walsh Kieran , Dimov Dimitar , Tian Peng , Neves Ana I. S. , Wright C. David , Yu Seong Man , Yoo Ji‐Beom , Russo Saverio , Craciun Monica F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWearable technologies are driving current research efforts to self‐powered electronics, for which novel high‐performance materials such as graphene and low‐cost fabrication processes are highly sought.The integration of high‐quality graphene films obtained from scalable water processing approaches in emerging applications for flexible and wearable electronics is demonstrated. A novel method for the assembly of shear exfoliated graphene in water, comprising a direct transfer process assisted by evaporation of isopropyl alcohol is developed. It is shown that graphene films can be easily transferred to any target substrate such as paper, flexible polymeric sheets and fibers, glass, and Si substrates. By combining graphene as the electrode and poly(dimethylsiloxane) as the active layer, a flexible and semi‐transparent triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is demonstrated for harvesting energy. The results constitute a new step toward the realization of energy harvesting devices that could be integrated with a wide range of wearable and flexible technologies, and opens new possibilities for the use of TENGs in many applications such as electronic skin and wearable electronics.
A Translucent Nanocomposite with Liquid Inclusions of a Responsive Nanoparticle Dispersion
Authors: Doblas David , Hubertus Jonas , Kister Thomas , Kraus Tobias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractActive nanocomposites are created with liquid inclusions that contain plasmonic gold nanoparticles inside a polymeric matrix. The alkylthiol‐coated gold particles are designed to reversible agglomerate at certain temperatures, which changes the plasmonic coupling and thus optical properties. It is found that particles confined to the liquid inclusions inside the active composite retain this capability and cause macroscopic, temperature‐dependent color change of the solid. The transition is fully reversible for at least 100 times and tunable in temperature via particle size and ligand. This method is suitable to “package” responsive dispersion in solid composites to exploit their dynamic properties in materials.
Atomic Interlamellar Ion Path in High Sulfur Content Lithium‐Montmorillonite Host Enables High‐Rate and Stable Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Lv Weiqiang , Hu Yin , Yan Yichao , Jiao Yu , He Weidong , Li Zhenghan , Yan Chenglin , Xiong Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFast lithium ion transport with a high current density is critical for thick sulfur cathodes, stemming mainly from the difficulties in creating effective lithium ion pathways in high sulfur content electrodes. To develop a high‐rate cathode for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, extenuation of the lithium ion diffusion barrier in thick electrodes is potentially straightforward. Here, a phyllosilicate material with a large interlamellar distance is demonstrated in high‐rate cathodes as high sulfur loading. The interlayer space (≈1.396 nm) incorporated into a low lithium ion diffusion barrier (0.155 eV) significantly facilitates lithium ion diffusion within the entire sulfur cathode, and gives rise to remarkable nearly sulfur loading‐independent cell performances. When combined with 80% sulfur contents, the electrodes achieve a high capacity of 865 mAh g−1 at 1 mA cm−2 and a retention of 345 mAh g−1 at a high discharging/charging rate of 15 mA cm−2, with a sulfur loading up to 4 mg. This strategy represents a major advance in high‐rate Li–S batteries via the construction of fast ions transfer paths toward real‐life applications, and contributes to the research community for the fundamental mechanism study of loading‐independent electrode systems.
New Phosphine Ligand Architectures Lead to Efficient Gold Catalysts for Cycloisomerization Reactions at Very Low Loading
Authors: Mahamulkar Shraddha G. , Císařová Ivana , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA simple and efficient access to a new P‐chiral, but so far racemic ligand class featuring ortho‐trityl and ortho‐biaryl motifs is reported. The phosphines are prepared by efficient three‐ to four‐step modular syntheses from simple branched alkyl(diphenyl)phosphine oxides in 52–63% overall yield. They form stable gold complexes, which were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. Fundamental catalytic properties of the complexes were studied in 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization reactions of achiral substrates to benchmark their activity against the efficient achiral catalyst (JohnPhos)AuCl. The results show that the new complexes can be applied in amounts down to 100 ppm allowing the cycloisomerization reactions to be performed with turnover frequencies of 20000 h−1 and turnover numbers of up to 10000 h−1.magnified image
Comparison of the efficacy and mechanisms of intranasal budesonide, montelukast, and their combination in treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Chen Hui , Lou Hongfei , Wang Yang , Cao Feifei , Zhang Luo , Wang Chengshuo 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlthough intranasal steroids and anti–cysteinyl‐leukotriene‐receptor antagonists are efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), combinations of these agents have not unequivocally been demonstrated to be superior to the individual drugs. We aimed to compare the efficacy and potential mechanisms of budesonide nasal spray (BD), oral montelukast (MNT), and combination therapy comprising a half‐dose of budesonide plus montelukast (hBD+MNT) in SAR patients.MethodsWe performed a single‐center, randomized, open‐label study in SAR subjects (n = 100). Participants were randomized to receive BD (256 μg), MNT (10 mg), or hBD (128 μg)+MNT for 14 days. Symptom severity scores, nasal cavity volume (NCV), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), histamine and cysteinyl‐leukotrienes (CysLTs), and T‐cell subsets were assessed before and after treatment.ResultsAll treatments significantly improved symptoms from baseline; however, hBD+MNT produced significantly greater improvements in nasal congestion compared with BD or MNT alone. The BD and hBD+MNT groups had fewer patients with uncontrolled symptoms and improved NCV to a greater level than the MNT group. FeNO was decreased to a significantly greater extent from baseline after hBD+MNT treatment than after BD and MNT treatments. ECP, histamine, and CysLTs showed significantly greater decreases after BD and hBD+MNT treatments than after MNT treatment. BD decreased T‐helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells and increased T‐regulatory (Treg) cells in nasal mucosa and MNT decreased Th1 cells and increased Treg cells in peripheral blood, and this trend was reflected with hBD+MNT.ConclusionThe hBD+MNT combination may have an overall better efficacy profile than BD and MNT monotherapy for treatment of SAR.
Oral aktive Peptide: Gibt es ein Patentrezept?
Authors: Räder Andreas F. B. , Weinmüller Michael , Reichart Florian , Schumacher‐Klinger Adi , Merzbach Shira , Gilon Chaim , Hoffman Amnon , Kessler Horst 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Peptiden als potentielle Medikamente zielte über Jahrzehnte einzig darauf ab, höchste Affinitäten, Rezeptorselektivitäten oder Stabilität gegenüber dem enzymatischen Abbau zu erhalten. Um hingegen aktive Peptide als potentielle Wirkstoffe für die tägliche Einnahme zu erhalten, ist zudem deren orale Verfügbarkeit im höchsten Maße erstrebenswert. Ein zweifacher Optimierungsprozess ist notwendig, um oral verfügbare wirksame Peptide zu entwickeln: 1) Optimierung der Affinität und Selektivität und 2) Optimierung der oralen Verfügbarkeit. Bei einer rationalen Entwicklung von oral verfügbaren Peptiden müssen diese beiden Schritte nacheinander erfolgen. Hierzu muss man verstehen, welche strukturellen Veränderungen die orale Verfügbarkeit erhöhen und wie deren Einführung in ein Peptid möglich ist, ohne dessen gewünschte biologische Eigenschaften zu verändern. Umfangreiche Bemühungen wurden in vielen Laboratorien unternommen, um den Einfluss dieser Modifikationen auf die orale Bioverfügbarkeit besser zu verstehen. In einem ersten Ansatz wird die orale Verfügbarkeit eines Peptids verbessert, das bereits auf seine biologische Aktivität, wie oben in (1) beschrieben, optimiert wurde. Bei dem zweiten Ansatz (2) wird zuerst ein intestinal permeables und metabolisch stabiles Peptidgrundgerüst identifiziert und anschließend funktionelle Gruppen eingeführt, die für eine gewünschte biologische Funktion notwendig sind. Vorherige Herangehensweisen, oral verfügbare Peptide zu entwickeln, beanspruchten oft allgemeine Gültigkeit, bisher konnten die meisten dieser Lösungsansätze aber nicht erfolgreich auf andere Fälle übertragen werden. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Einflüsse verschiedener chemischer Modifikationen auf die Bioverfügbarkeit von Modellpeptiden und oral aktiver Peptide diskutiert, die den aktuellen Stand der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der oral aktiven Peptide zusammenfassen. Wir erläutern, warum es keine einfachen, universell gültigen Regeln oder Strategien (kein “Patentrezept”) für die Entwicklung von oral aktiven Peptiden mit wirkstoffartigen biologischen Funktionen geben kann.
Chlorophyllabbau im Farn – Entdeckung von Phyllobilin‐Isomeren mit umgelagertem Kohlenstoffgerüst
Authors: Erhart Theresia , Vergeiner Stefan , Kreutz Christoph , Kräutler Bernhard , Müller Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlle strukturchemischen Erkenntnisse über den Abbau von Chlorophyll (Chl) in höheren Pflanzen stützen sich auf Untersuchungen von Angiospermen. Hier wird ein neuer Typ von Chl‐Kataboliten (Phyllobilinen) aus den Blättern eines Farns, einem Vertreter aus einer anderen großen Subgruppe der Gefäßpflanzen, vorgestellt. Dadurch eröffnen sich Einblicke in einen erstaunlichen metabolischen Prozess in höheren Pflanzen, die bereits in frühen Phasen der Pflanzenevolution eine Rolle gespielt haben. Es stellte sich heraus, dass diese tetrapyrrolischen Chl‐Kataboliten des weltweit verbreiteten Adlerfarns Phyllobilin‐Isomere mit einem neuartigen Grundgerüst sind und Produkte einer Umlagerung ihrer hypothetischen Phyllobilin‐Vorläufer darstellen.