bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C: van testen tot behandelen
Authors: Logtenberg-van der Grient Hilje , Warmoeskerken Rian , van Woerden Elsa , Schatz Eberhard 
Published: April 2019

SamenvattingHet doel van het onderzoek, uitgevoerd door De Regenboog Groep, Stichting Mainline en GGD Amsterdam, is het opsporen van hepatitis C (HCV) onder cliënten van de Maatschappelijke Opvang (MO) in Amsterdam. Aan cliënten van veertien MO-locaties werd in de periode augustus–december 2017 gevraagd een risicochecklist in te vullen en zich te laten testen op hepatitis C-antilichamen (anti-HCV) door middel van een oral swab. Bij een positieve uitslag werd HCV-RNA getest. Uit de zelfrapportage van 233 cliënten blijkt dat 90 % risico heeft gelopen op HCV. Getest zijn 225 cliënten, van wie 22 (9,8 %) anti-HCV-positief, onder wie 10 (4,4 %) HCV-RNA-positief. Er is hoge uitval (50 %) tussen het testen op anti-HCV en de behandeling. Prevalentie van anti-HCV in deze doelgroep is aanzienlijk hoger dan de prevalentie van anti-HCV in Nederland (9,8 % versus 0,2–0,4 %). De doelgroep behoort dus tot een risicogroep voor HCV en moet volgens het advies van de Gezondheidsraad worden opgespoord. Aanbevolen wordt om onmiddellijk na een positief anti-HCV-resultaat, HCV-RNA op locatie te testen en gebruik te maken van tests met vingerprikbloed.
Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Distress, Weight Gain, and Glucose Control for Pregnant Low-Income Women: A Quasi-Experimental Trial Using the ORBIT Model
Authors: Epel E. , Laraia B. , Coleman-Phox K. , Leung C. , Vieten C. , Mellin L. , Kristeller J. L. , Thomas M. , Stotland N. , Bush N. , Lustig R. H. , Dallman M. , Hecht F. M. , Adler N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Stress can lead to excessive weight gain. Mindfulness-based stress reduction that incorporates mindful eating shows promise for reducing stress, overeating, and improving glucose control. No interventions have tested mindfulness training with a focus on healthy eating and weight gain during pregnancy, a period of common excessive weight gain. Here, we test the effectiveness of such an intervention, the Mindful Moms Training (MMT), on perceived stress, eating behaviors, and gestational weight gain in a high-risk sample of low income women with overweight/obesity.

Method
We conducted a quasi-experimental study assigning 115 pregnant women to MMT for 8 weeks and comparing them to 105 sociodemographically and weight equivalent pregnant women receiving treatment as usual. Our main outcomes included weight gain (primary outcome), perceived stress, and depression.

Results
Women in MMT showed significant reductions in perceived stress (β = − 0.16) and depressive symptoms (β = − 0.21) compared to the treatment as usual (TAU) control group. Consistent with national norms, the majority of women (68%) gained excessive weight according to Institute of Medicine weight-gain categories, regardless of group. Slightly more women in the MMT group gained below the recommendation. Among secondary outcomes, women in MMT reported increased physical activity (β = 0.26) and had lower glucose post-oral glucose tolerance test (β = − 0.23), being 66% less likely to have impaired glucose tolerance, compared to the TAU group.

Conclusion
A short-term intervention led to significant improvements in stress, and showed promise for preventing glucose intolerance. However, the majority of women gained excessive weight. A longer more intensive intervention may be needed for this high-risk population.
Clinical Trials.gov #NCT01307683.
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AS A FRAMEWORK FOR ALGORITHMIC ACCOUNTABILITY
Authors: McGregor Lorna , Murray Daragh , Ng Vivian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExisting approaches to ‘algorithmic accountability’, such as transparency, provide an important baseline, but are insufficient to address the (potential) harm to human rights caused by the use of algorithms in decision-making. In order to effectively address the impact on human rights, we argue that a framework that sets out a shared understanding and means of assessing harm; is capable of dealing with multiple actors and different forms of responsibility; and applies across the full algorithmic life cycle, from conception to deployment, is needed. While generally overlooked in debates on algorithmic accountability, in this article, we suggest that international human rights law already provides this framework. We apply this framework to illustrate the effect it has on the choices to employ algorithms in decision-making in the first place and the safeguards required. While our analysis indicates that in some circumstances, the use of algorithms may be restricted, we argue that these findings are not ‘anti-innovation’ but rather appropriate checks and balances to ensure that algorithms contribute to society, while safeguarding against risks.
SUSPENSION AND EXPULSION OF MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE: DIFFICULT DECISIONS IN TROUBLED TIMES
Authors: Dzehtsiarou Kanstantsin , Coffey Donal K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effectiveness and legitimacy of the Council of Europe can be undermined by the actions of Member States which fail to comply with their international law obligations of genuine cooperation with the organization. This article first briefly examines the practice of international organizations in applying sanctions such as expulsion and suspension to their members. It then explains why it is necessary to discuss potential sanctions that the Council can apply in the context of current controversies involving the Council and Member States. It will be argued that the scale and intensity of challenges distinguish the current state of affairs from other ‘problematic’ periods in the Council's history. It proceeds to outline the considerations that should be taken into account in deciding whether a Member State should be suspended or expelled. These considerations include the implications of sanctions on the legitimacy of the Council of Europe, the level of human rights protection and the financial stability of the organization.
Insider Trading: What Really Protects U.S. Investors?
Authors: White Roger M. 
Published: April 2019

I examine the ability of the U.S. investor protection regime to limit insider trading returns, absent Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the short-swing rule). I find that in this setting, U.S. insiders execute short-swing trades that i) beat the market by approximately 15 basis points per day and ii) systematically divest ahead of disappointing earnings announcements. These results indicate that the bright-line rule restricting short-horizon round-trip insider trading plays a substantial role in protecting outside investors from privately informed insiders in the United States.
Eco-innovation and knowledge management: issues and organizational challenges to small and medium enterprises
Authors: Cherifi Ahmed , M'Bassègue Patrick , Gardoni Mickaël , Houssin Rémy , Renaud Jean 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe proposed methodology is based on a (global and multi-criteria) simplified environmental but thorough assessment. In this stage we do not directly give the solution to designers. It will therefore translate the results of evaluation design axes, but in general, the lines proposed are inconsistent or contradictory. Therefore, what we find is a compromise given to the solution. The challenge we are facing in an industrial reality is that one should not go for a compromise solution. TRIZ (Teorija Reshenija Izobretateliskih Zadatch) or the theory of solving inventive problems, in the field, will be reformulated and go through the contradiction matrix and then intervene with the principles of interpretation resolutions to give possible solutions. To assist small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in their product development, the objective of this paper is to propose a methodological approach named Ecatriz, that will allow us to achieve our eco-innovative goal. The applicability of this method is justified by the many contradictions in the choices in a study of the life cycle. As a starting point, a qualitative multi-criteria matrix will allow the prioritization of all impacts on the environment. A customized implementation of the inventive TRIZ (Teorija Reshenija Izobretateliskih Zadatch, Russian acronym for theory of solving inventive problems) principles will help us choose eco-innovative solutions. To that end, we have created a new approach named Ecatriz (ecological approach TRIZ), based on a new contradiction matrix. It was tested in various contexts, such as the “24 h of Innovation” competition and eco-innovative patents.
FROM EMMETT TILL TO TRAYVON MARTIN
Authors: Onwuachi-Willig Angela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn February 26, 2012, George Zimmerman, a man of White American and Peruvian descent, shot and killed Trayvon Martin, a Black teenager who was walking back to the home where he was a guest in Sanford, Florida. For many, Trayvon Martin is this generation’s Emmett Till, the fourteen-year-old Black boy who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955 for whistling in a White woman’s presence. In fact, several scholars have highlighted similarities between the Till and Martin tragedies. One unexplored commonality is the manner in which defense counsel in both the Till and Martin trials used the trope of protecting White womanhood to get the jurors to psychologically identify and empathize with the defendants. Employing Multidimensional Masculinities Theory, this essay seeks to expose the role that the protection of White womanhood (and thus the preservation of White manhood) played in the killings of Till and Martin and in each of their killers’ defense strategies at trial. It does so by offering a history of lynching; explaining how White men demonstrated their ownership of White women and their dominance over Blacks by using violence against Black men who threatened the social order; and revealing how the defense attorneys in both the Till and Martin cases manipulated and employed the narrative of the White male protector of White women to facilitate acquittals for their clients. In so doing, it analyzes the transcript from the Till trial, a transcript previously believed to be lost forever until the FBI discovered the transcript upon its re-opening and investigation of the Till murder and released the transcript in 2006. Finally, utilizing excerpts from the trial transcript in the Martin case, this essay reveals how the trope of protecting White womanhood shaped the outcome in the Martin case, even though the stock narrative of needing White female protection from purportedly dangerous Black men was not at all related to the claims about Martin or charges against Zimmerman. In so doing, this essay reveals (1) how White womanhood has been abstracted to encompass not only a specific woman in an incident and to include not only a “man’s” home, but also to include broader spaces like gated communities, and (2) how that reality, coupled with the way that civil rights laws have made it harder for White men to bully Black men and the way that feminism has made it harder to subordinate women, has produced a new masculine anxiety for White men.
Higher Ca and Na content in the hair of obese people in Poland
Authors: Kwiecień Małgorzata , Samolińska Wioletta , Puczkowski Sławomir , Waśko Magdalena , Blicharski T. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The authors of this paper decided to check whether the content of selected minerals in human hair is projected into the nutritional status of the body expressed as the BMI. The study focused on evaluating the content of calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium in the hair of 7845 individuals in relation to their BMI. 5126 women and 2719 men aged from 18 to 92, domiciled throughout Poland, were involved in the study. Hair samples were taken from several points of the occipital scalp. Ca, Na, K and Mg in the hair were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The content of Ca and Na in the hair of obese people (>30.0 kg·m2) was higher (323 mg·kg−1 and 180 mg·kg−1) in comparison with the groups of people with normal body weight and those grade 2 underweight (<16.9 kg·m2): 191 mg·kg−1 and 103 mg·kg−1 respectively. The highest level of K (317 mg·kg−1) was found in the hair of people classed as grade 2 underweight. The body mass index caused no differentiation in the content of Mg in hair. Positive correlations were found between Ca-Na, Ca-Mg and Na-Mg and between the BMI of the subjects and the content of Ca in hair (R = 0.163; p < 0.01) and between the BMI and the content of Na (R = 0.191; p < 0.01). On the other hand, a negative relation between K and the BMI was correlated only to an infinitesimal degree (R = −0.030, p < 0.01). The results point to a relationship between the body mass index and the content of Ca, Na and K in the hair of adults.
High Dose Pomegranate Extract Suppresses Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Sepsis
Authors: Tavasoli Sanaz , Eghtesadi Shahryar , Vafa Mohamadreza , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Sadeghipour Alireza , Zarnani Amir-Hassan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Introduction: The effect of using high dose pomegranate extract on sepsis and its safety is not clarified. Considering the fact that proper immune and inflammatory responses are needed to cope with infection, the aim of current study was to assess the effect of high dose pomegranate extract consumption on oxidative and inflammatory responses after disease induction in rat model of sepsis. Methods: Sepsis was induced by Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP) surgery. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight animals: Sham; CLP and POMx [consumed POMx (250 mg of pomegranate fruit extract/kg/day) for four weeks before CLP]. Results: Peritoneal neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity was significantly lower in POMx compared with Sham and CLP groups ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although antioxidant enzymes were higher in POMx group after sepsis induction, lower serum total antioxidant status (TAS) (p < 0.01 compared with both CLP and Sham groups) and higher liver thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were observed in this group ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, compared with Sham and CLP groups, respectively). Conclusion: High dose POMx consumption prior to sepsis induction, suppressed the vital function of neutrophils in early hours after sepsis initiation, resulting in higher oxidative stress. These findings indicate that caution should be made in using high dose pomegranate products. The main message of current study is that such useful compounds as antioxidants including pomegranate juice which have beneficial effects on general health status may have detrimental effects if misused or used in high doses.
Food Insecurity is positively related to Dietary Inflammatory Index in Iranian high school girls
Authors: Daneshzad Elnaz , Ghorabi Sima , Hasani Hossein , Omidian Mahsa , Jane Pritzl Thelma , Yavari Parvaneh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aim: To determine the association between food insecurity and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) in high school girls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 students aged 14–18 years in northern Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated and reliable 147-food item questionnaire. DII was calculated on the basis of 30 available food parameters from this FFQ based on the standard means. The USDA 18-item standard food security questionnaire was used to assess the food security status. Linear regression was performed to determine the association between DII and food insecurity, with DII considered as an outcome and food security score as an exposure. Results: The average age of students was 16.13 ± 0.97 year. Mean BMI and menarche age was 22.64 ± 4.62 kg/m2 and 12.59 ± 1.09 year. The mean value of DII was −0.003 ± 1.72. Food insecurity prevalence was 40.8%. Protein, and vitamin D and B12 intake were lower in the food insecure group (P < 0.05). Energy intake, total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) were higher in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile of DII (P < 0.05). Carbohydrate, protein, fiber, magnesium, zinc, folate, selenium, vitamin A, B6, and C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and tea intake were lower in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile of DII (P < 0.05). There was a positive significant association between DII and food security status. Conclusion: It seems there is an association between DII and food security status. However, further well-designed studies in a different population are suggested.
Prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 in Mexican children and women: results from the first National Nutrition Survey (1999) as a basis for interventions and progress
Authors: Anaya-Loyola Miriam A. , Brito Alex , Villalpando Salvador , Allen Lindsay H. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Serum samples from the 1999 Mexico National Nutrition Survey (NNS) were analyzed to determine the prevalence of low serum B12 concentrations, identify factors related with low values including B12 intake, and importantly, to provide a baseline for monitoring progress in reducing deficiency. Samples for B12 were available from 488 children and 464 women, a sub-sample of the nationally representative 1999 NNS. The national overall prevalence of low (<200 pg/mL) and marginal (200 to 300 pg/mL) serum B12 was 25.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Adolescent girls had the lowest serum B12 concentrations (325 ± 308 pg/mL) and the prevalence of deficiency was 40% in pregnant women even using a lower cut-point (<135 pg/mL). Residents of rural areas and the South, population groups with poorest socioeconomic status, and illiterate and indigenous women had the lowest serum B12 Children and women who met dietary recommendations for B12 intake had higher serum B12 than those who did not. Overall 45.9% of intakes fell below the Estimated Adequate Requirement. Dietary B12 intake of children and women was directly correlated with serum B12 (r = 0.18, p < 0.001 and r = 0.11, p = 0.0304). The prevalence of marginal and deficient B12 status in 1999 was much higher than the most recently published national data suggesting the success of national policies to improve micronutrient status.
Vitamin E and Selenium Reduce Prednisolone Side Effects in Rat Hearts
Authors: Bardas Ebru , Arslan Yusuf Kemal , Polat Seher , Erisir Mine , Uslu Gözde Atila , Cetin Nihal , Cicek Betul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aim of this work was to determine the effects of dietary intake vitamin E and Se on lipid peroxidation (LPO) as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and on the antioxidative defense mechanisms in heart tissues of rats treated with high doses of prednisolone. 250 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with normal diet. Additionally groups 3, 4, and 5 received a daily supplement in their drinking water of 20 mg vitamin E, 0.3 mg Se, and a combination of vitamin E and Se (20 mg/ 0.3 mg), respectively, for 30 days. For 3 d subsequently, control group was treated with placebo, and remaining four groups were injected intramuscularly with 100 mg/kg prednisolone. After last administration of prednisolone, 10 rats from each group were killed at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of GSH and TBARS were measured. GSH-Px, CAT activities and GSH levels decreased starting from 4th hour to 48% and 65% of control levels by 24th hour, respectively and it reincreased to control levels at 48th hour in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). In addition, prednisolone administration led 2-fold increase in heart TBARS levels at 24th hour (p < 0.001). E vitamins and Se inhibited the increase in heart TBARS and the decrease in antioxidative enzymes levels. Therefore, It is concluded that vitamin E and Se may have a preventive role in decreasing the increase of TBARS caused by prednisolone administration in our study.
Seasonality of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Upper Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Bif Mariana B. , Hansell Dennis A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFrom seasonal cruises in the NE Pacific Ocean during 2017, we (1) determined dissolved organic carbon concentrations; (2) calculated net community production (NCP) from nitrate drawdown; and (3) established relationships between NCP and seasonal dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation in the upper 75 m. The fraction of NCP that accumulated as DOC, hereafter referred to as the net dissolved production ratio, was calculated for several stations during spring and summer. The net dissolved production ratio was about 0.26 at the oceanic station Ocean Station Papa during different seasons and years. Using nitrate concentration profiles obtained from Bio‐Argo floats during 2009–2018 operating near Ocean Station Papa, we calculated NCP at high temporal resolution and then applied the 0.26 constant in order to (4) estimate DOC variability for the 9‐year period. We found strong seasonality near Ocean Station Papa, with NCP maxima during summers ranging from 0.3 to 2.9 mol C/m2 and surface DOC concentrations estimated from 56 μmol/kg in winters to 73 μmol/kg in summers. There was a 10‐fold interannual variability in the seasonally accumulated inventory of DOC, ranging from 0.078 to 0.75 mol C/m2. This study reinforces the value of deploying floats equipped with chemical sensors in order to better understand marine biogeochemical cycles, especially when high resolution data cannot be obtained otherwise. Given that ~26% of NCP accumulates as DOC in the central Gulf of Alaska, the remaining balance of ~74% is available for export as sinking biogenic particles.
The Tropical Transition in the Western North Pacific: The Case of Tropical Cyclone Peipah (2007)
Authors: Chang Minhee , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Chan Johnny C. L. , Park Myung‐Sook , Son Seok‐Woo , Kim Jinwon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examines the transition of an extratropical disturbance to a tropical cyclone (TC), Peipah (2007), in the western North Pacific (WNP), using reanalysis and geostationary satellite data. Instead of regular diurnal fluctuations of deep convection, the pre‐TC disturbance accompanies deep convection only for short durations every other day. When the pre‐TC vorticity is traced back to 7 days prior to its formation, the traced‐back vorticity indicates a strong potential vorticity (PV) trough in the subtropical upper troposphere that originated from the midlatitude lower stratosphere. The quasi‐geostrophic forcing and reduced static stability at the leading edge of the PV trough result in the formation of an extratropical disturbance. The vertical structure of the extratropical disturbance shows maximum vorticity in the upper troposphere and cold temperature anomaly within it throughout the entire troposphere. As the extratropical disturbance moved into the tropical WNP, deep convection associated with quasi‐geostrophic dynamics over the warm ocean initiated tropical transition of the extratropical disturbance to a TC through diabatic redistribution of PV in the tropospheric column as well as transition of the cold anomaly into a warm anomaly within the vortex. With additional contribution of barotropic energy conversion in the lower troposphere, the warm‐core low system finally developed into a TC‐strength vortex. These results indicate that PV troughs of the stratospheric origin over the subtropical Pacific Ocean can contribute to TC formations in the WNP.