bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Four Link Bar Mechanism For Transplanting Wet Rice Seedlings
Authors: Marzuki  , Syukran  , Azwinur  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is a great area for the development of sustainable agricultural cultivation technology. Wet rice cultivation management system and method is still done traditionally. These activities are requiring the expertise of a very high order to obtain a uniform spacing and planting. Heterogeneity of plant spacing will have an impact on seed propagation delays planting, the farmer difficult when doing weeding, fertilizing and spraying. Transplanting of seedlings is a labour-intensive operation in the cultivation of rice. There exists a need to mechanize for this operation. This study aims to determine the design parameters of the mechanism design four link bar for modelling mechanism in order to obtain the optimum parameters of the locus of planting. Design tools rice growers using the four-link bar mechanism able to work mechanically to take the rice seedlings from hoper and planted with uniform spacing, closing the planting hole, reducing the time of planting and operational costs. The method used in this research is the design of the prototype and design of functional and structural approaches. Research has produced a prototype component of the combined mechanisms of rice cultivation four link bar mechanism which can move the locus of decision-continuous form of seeds and planting seeds for the six rows.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Synthesis Optimization Through Transesterification Reaction using h-zeolite/ki Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Kurniasih E , Pardi P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biodiesel production based on crude palm oil (CPO) using heterogeneous catalysts is a new hope for solving the energy crisis. One type of heterogeneous catalyst is H-Zeolite/KI synthesized from natural zeolite impregnated with 0.05% (w/v) KI compound for 2 hours. The research focuses on determining the optimum operating conditions for biodiesel production using H-zeolite/KI catalysts. As raw material used CPO which has pre-treatment through an esterification reaction using 15% H2SO4 (w/v) as catalyst, temperature 65°C, stirrer speed of 400 rpm for 2 hours to reduce the free fatty acid content of raw materials up to 40%. Optimization of biodiesel production is carried out at the transesterification reaction. The research data was designed following the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method using 3 independent variables and 5 levels, namely the ratio of H-zeolite/KI catalyst, transesterification temperature and mole methanol: CPO ratio with coded level (-1.682), (-1), (0), (+1), (+1.682). The research results show that the optimum operating conditions of biodiesel production were at the ratio of H-zeolite/KI catalyst at 2% - 2.5% (w/w), temperature at 45°C-50°C and mole ratio of methanol: CPO at (1:6). The biodiesel product was confirmed using gas chromatography and showed ester content of 88.02%. Characteristics of biodiesel products showed flash point 130C, acid number 0.4%, glycerol free 0%, viscosity 3.6 cP, density0.879 gr/cm3.
Characterization Study of Inorganic Hybrid Membrane of Mixed Activated Zeolite and Clay with PVA Adhesives using Sintering Method for colourless Peat Water
Authors: Elfiana E. , Diana Selvie , Fuadi Anwar , Fauzan Reza 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The manufacture of inorganic hybrid membranes from the ingredients of activated zeolite (Z), clay (CL), white Portland cement (CW) and PVA adhesive has been carried out on various M1, M2 and M2 material compositions (Z: CL: CW: PVA = 25%: 50%: 20: 5%), (Z: CL: CW: PVA = 50%: 25%: 20: 5%), (Z: CL: CW: PVA = 75%: 0%: 20: 5%) respectively. 100 mesh zeolites are activated using 2M HCL. The membrane is printed in a cylindrical shape with a specification of 69,83x250mm and is burned at a sintering temperature of 500-700OC. This study aims to determine the classification of produced membranes and determine the effect of temperature on the characterization of an inorganic hybrid produced membranes based on permeability, density, porosity and membrane morphology test using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the temperature influences membrane characterization. The higher is the temperature, the lower is the membrane density. The membrane pore size decreases and porosity increase. The results of the study obtained an inorganic hybrid membrane (MHA-ZC) classified as microfiltration membrane (MF) with a pore size of 1,2-6,302μm porosity 45%, density 0,811 gr/cm3, and flux permeability 313,57 L/m2.jam. The M1 membrane test has been able to remove the colour of the 90.59% peat water from 170 PtCu to 16 PtCu, and the pH of the peat water is successfully neutral at 6.5-7.5.
A Computational Fluid Dynamic Comparative Study on CO2 Adsorption Performance using Activated Carbon and Zeolite in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Sylvia N , Mutia R , Malasari  , Dewi R , Bindar Y , Yunardi  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The increasing emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from various sources has become an issue of great concern all over the world due to its significant contribution to climate change. Carbon capture and storage are commonly recognized as the major approaches to prevent carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. A number of CO2 removal technologies have been reported, including absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and microalgal fixation. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was performed to investigate the performance of two adsorbents, coconut fiber activated carbon and zeolite 13X in removing CO2 from a continuous gas stream in a fixed bed adsorption column. A CFD code ANSYS R18.2 was used to investigate the influence of flow rate and bed height on the CO2 removal efficiency and adsorption capacity by varying the inlet feed velocity and bed heights. The results of the simulation showed that the highest CO2 removal efficiency of 63.13 percent was observed when the gas flowed at a rate of 50 cm3/minute to the column filled with the activated carbon adsorbent of 10 cm in height. While in the zeolite adsorbent 13X, the highest CO2 removal efficiency of 57.86 percent was also seen when the gas flowed at a rate of 50 cm3/minute at the bed height of 10 cm.
Efficiency of AX.25 Protocol in a Wireless SCADA Communication System for Monitoring Performance of Micro-Hydro Power Plants
Authors: Salahuddin  , Bakhtiar  , Yusman  , Fadhli  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of testing and estimating the efficiency of the AX.25 protocol implemented in the wireless SCADA communication system for monitoring the performance of the Micro-hydro Power Plant (MHPP). This protocol is commonly used for packet radio communications. AX.25 is a layer 2 protocol (referring to the OSI layer reference), the Data Link Layer. As a layer 2 protocol, AX.25 is responsible for building link connections, providing logic procedures for transferring connections and disconnection. This system can monitor several MHPP parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, and turbine rotation and can be accessed directly at one centralized location. Data from sensors installed in the generator are converted into digital data on the microcontroller contained in the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). This data is then sent to the Main Terminal unit (MTU) so that it can be a reference for operators to decide further if there are MHPP parameters that change from the predetermined standard. AX.25 protocol is implemented on an arduino microcontroller hardware that functions as a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) that will regulate the traffic of data communication between several RTUs and MTU. In accordance with RTU requests, TNC will forward the data sent by the RTU with certain "call signs" to be forwarded to MTU and displayed at the monitoring center. The test results show that the efficiency of AX.25 protocol at transmission rates of 1.2 kbps, 2.4 kbps, 4.8 kbps and 9.6 kbps tends to be linear with respect to changes in delivery start-up time and does not have a significant impact on changes in start-up time transmitter. For all given k values, when T103 = 5, regardless of transmission rate, the protocol can achieve an efficiency of around 90%.
Modeling Design of 800 Watt Power Hybrid System in Lhokseumawe City Coastal Area
Authors: Muhaimin  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The increasing demand for electrical energy, resulting in more natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas and others. This is also caused by the lack of awareness of electricity energy savings for example turn on the lights during the day. There are several ways to save electric energy one of them by using Hybrid Power Generation. Hybrid power plant is a power plant that uses more than one energy source, such as by using solar and wind energy. In addition to the free use of solar this as an effort to reduce human dependence on coal, oil and natural gas whose source will be thinning when used continuously. Hybrid Power Generation System is the integration of renewable energy based power system. The main goal is to save fuel consumption and reduce emissions, especially CO2. The design and simulation of a hybrid power plant system utilizes wind and solar energy potential for small-scale (800 VA) housing units in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe city of Aceh Utara district. the proposed Hybrid Power Generation system is able to meet 100% of the electrical load for homes in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe city. The portion of solar energy is 50% and 50% comes from wind turbines. This study aims to explore solar energy and wind energy as a source of renewable electrical energy. In the implementation of testing used homer software to simulate the conditions of sunlight intensity and wind speed in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe city. The utilization of energy converted to direct current energy is converted to alternating current, the wind turbine used to power the electric generator combination of both energy sources will be applied to the residential electric needs in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe city.
Different Trends of Hybrid Solar And Raindrops Energies to Generate Photovoltaic
Authors: Suryati  , Misriana  , Safitri Nelly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
New trends for making an all-weather photovoltaic (PV) that is able to trigger by both sunlight and raindrops become trends in developing the solar energy systems to generate electricity for households, industries and buildings. The idea is to develop a hybrid device that harvests kinetic energy from water without destroying the output of the solar cell during sunny times. This paper reviews the two devices of hybrid sunlight and raindrops, namely are the Triboelectric Nano Generator (TENG) and Pseudo Capacitor Graphene Layer (PCGL), respectively. Both TENG and PCGL similarly in such way places two transparent polymer layers on top of PV cell. When raindrops fall on to the layers and then roll off, the friction generates a static electricity charge. In addition, these devices even could provide electricity at night whenever there is rain. These two trends of all-weather PV obviously have advantages and drawbacks, as they have been developed in order to make them more compact and efficient as the device that harvesting sunlight during dry seasons and rainfall during wet seasons both for days and nights.
Potential of Soil Amendments and Jatropha Curcas Plant in the Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Agricultural Land
Authors: Leapheng R , Effendi A J , Helmy Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Rancaekek, Bandung. To overcome the heavy metal contamination, phytoremediation technology has been proposed. Jatropha curcas plant with soil amendments (compost and EDTA) was utilized to investigate the heavy metal remediation in the contaminated soil. Five experimental treatments viz. S0 S1 S2 S3 and S
E
were set up for ninety days. The plant growth behaviour, heavy metal accumulation, and translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation (BAF) factors were determined. The untreated soil was indicated as silty loam containing Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations approximately 0.79, 100.15, and 8.43 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metals were highly accumulated in the plant for treatments S3 and S
E
compared to control So. The accumulation of Cd, Cr and Pb in different J. curcas tissues can be classified as follow: root > shoot > leaves. Bioaccumulation and translocation factor of Cd were greater than one (BAF, TF > 1) while Cr and Pb were less than one (BAF, TF < 1). The highly removal of heavy metal was found that Cd = 81.73 % and Cr = 41.15% in S3 while Pb = 65.20 % in S
E
. To sum up, J. curcas species represented high TF and BAF in Cd removal, and low in Cr and Pb removal. It revealed that Jatropha curcas plant was suitable for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, especially, combination with both compost and EDTA. Moreover, Jatropha curcas could be an emerging technology plant to alleviate the contaminated soil with multi-metal for sustainability of land resources.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Raw Drinking Water by Zeolite-FeO Composite Supported Carbon: Case Study Citarum River
Authors: Widyawati YR , Notodarmojo S , Hidayat S , Helmy Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Citarum River plays an important role in various sectors both domestic and economic for residents along the Citarum River Basin. The different source of wastewater from 400 industries disposes their wastewater directly to the Citarum River, which is predominantly dominated by the textile industry. Those industrial activities generate hazardous heavy metals such as Cr(VI) which can degrade the quality of the river. In this research, we will conduct a treatment on series of Cr(VI) containing surface water to meet the drinking standard of raw water. Zeolite-FeO is synthesized from natural zeolite in Sukabumi, and then impregnated with FeO, characterized using XRD and the result shows that iron oxide precisely hematite (α-Fe2O3) successfully impregnated into the zeolite. The Zeolite-FeO then modified with sucrose to give positively charged on the surface by the contribution of carbon. The adsorption process is carried out in batch with artificial waste containing Cr2O7
2- to obtain the optimum conditions such as the effect of time, pH and initial concentrations. From the adsorption experiment, the result shows the highest efficiency removal is 70,72% at pH 2 for 45 minutes by Zeolite-FeO-Sucrose.
Synthesis of adsorbent based on silica derived from bagasse fly ash as adsorbent chromium hexavalent in tannery waste water
Authors: Murti RS , Aprilita NH , Suyanta  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adsorbent based on silica derived from bagasse fly ash has been synthesized. The synthesis adsorbent began by performing the silica synthesis of BFA by the hydrothermal alkali method. Silica gel was characterized, FTIR spectroscopy and Surface Area Analyzer. The obtained Silica was modified with Hexadeyl Tri Methyl Ammonium Bromide (HDTMAB) at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mmol / L using the impregnation method. The three variations of adsorbent were applied to reduce hexavalent chromium in tannery waste water. Adsorption of chromium hexavalent were optimum at 20 mmol/L HDTMAB. The optimum adsorbent cationic was characterized using FTIR, SEM and BET spectrophotometer and applied to leather tanning waste.
Reactive Black-5 Removal by Ozonation as Post Treatment
Authors: Wantoputri NI , Notodarmojo S , Helmy Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The textile industry is one of industries that growing rapidly in Bandung, Indonesia. It discharges enormous quantity of highly colored wastewater due to the use of water in large quantity and the use of dyes in the production process. One of the problems in processing textile wastewater with conventional biological treatment method is the ineffectiveness of color removal. A further treatment as post treatment is needed for treated wastewater discharge to remove the color. One of the method that known has high efficiency for textile color removal is by using ozonation method. In this ongoing study, the decolorization of artificial textile wastewater containing azo dye reactive-black 5 (RB5) from secondary treatment was investigated in a continuous system. Artificial treated textile wastewater from secondary biological treatment is made using 5 mg/L azo dye RB5 in 16 L volume batch reactor. The experiments show that the efficiency of color removal achieved is 100% within 10 minutes of reaction time with 24.66 mg/minutes of ozone dosage. In continuous system operation, ozonation process also conducted in 16 L volume reactor with up flow and down flow of influent feeding and HRT 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 50 minutes. The experiments show that the color removal was fluctuated and for medan oscillation in certain interval contact time for each HRT, but higher color removal efficiency achieved in HRT 50 minutes.
Performance of Rhizomucor Miehei in Amidation Reaction for Fatty Monoethanolamide Synthesis Based on Distillated Palm Fatty Acid
Authors: Kurniasih E. , Fachraniah  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lipase is a type of biocatalyst that can work with substrates of lipid classes. Rhizomucor meihei is of lipase enzymes classes, that can react specifically with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) forming fatty monoethanolamide. Monoethanolamide surfactants are compounds which are widely used in the cosmetics industry as emulsifiers. Monoethanolamide having OH- groups, so it is easily soluble in water. Monoethanolamide can be produced from fatty acids with monoethanolamide using alkaline catalyst or a biocatalyst. Production using chemical catalysts will involve high reaction temperature reaches 120°C-150°C, while the reactions involving biocatalysts are like enzyme can be done at a relatively low temperature. This research was conducted by using amination reaction with 3 independent variables i.e. amination temperature at the level of 30°C-70°C, the mole ratio of PFAD: Monetanolamina at (1:1) - (1:20) and ratio of enzyme at 0.05%-0.5% (w/w) and reaction time of 4 hours. The research results show that the Rhizomucor meihei give the best performance at the level of temperature 60°C, ratio mole (1:4) and the ratio of enzyme 0.2% (w/w) with a conversion product of 86.25%.
Analysis of Air Cooling (AC) System Auditorium Venue Third Floor Main Building of Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe
Authors: Syamsuar  , Ariefin  , Sumardi  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aims of this study are to calculate the cooling load system on the auditorium space of Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe (PNL). This calculation is expected to contribute the energy savings is the system of air (STU). This study is conducting on the third floor of PNL, at the Auditorium venue. The cooling load system by using Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) system based on ASHRAE Handbook Fundamental, 1993. The calculation of cooling load based on secondary date, and then the result was compared to cooling load installed capacities. The result of the research found that the maximum cooler burden at culminate condition is equal to 116957 Btu/hr (9,74 ton of refrigerant), While the installed refrigeration capacities is 61080 Btu/hr (5,09 ton of refrigerant), here fond a lacking (decreasing) of refrigeration burden equal to 55857 Btu/hr (4,65ton of refrigerant}. If the installed burden (load) as according to re-calculation result, hence thrift gap still can be obtained equal to 14%, by paring down the illumination of light; altering set temperature pint in room; minimizing SC (Shading of coefficient); and lessen of infiltrate external air.
Study of Interlocking Brick Costing Based on The Result of Mixed Material Variation Design
Authors: Malahayati Nurul , Hayati Yulia , Nursaniah Cut , Firsa Teuku 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Interlocking brick is a material that is used for wall filler with the method of installation interlocked with each other. This material can also be used as a substitute for reinforced concrete structures like sloof, columns and ringbalks, thus do not need to be plastered and painted because of its attractive appearance. The use of interlocking brick can save costs and time in the performance compared to using red bricks. The mixture of the forming material consists of cement, silt and river sand sourced from Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. In general, industries that produce wall fill material do not differentiate their production for wall functions as structural or non-structural and tend to overall to one quality product classification quality. This research aims to analyze the costs for the requires interlocking brick in building houses that function as structural and non structural walls. The interlocked brick function is distinguished against structural and non structural based on the compressive strength test at 28 days in the laboratory of the structure and building materials, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University. Mix design is carried out in the laboratory with a cement water factor (FAS) 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and 18 mixed material variations with 15 specimen test for each mixture. Test objects used is 50 x 50 x 50 mm. FAS 0.4 and a mixture of material 1:2:2 and 1:2:4 are selected because meet the required workability and have a hollow concrete brick compressive strength, which are including quality levels 1 and III with an average compressive strength of 89.6 kg / m3 and 37.5 kg / m3 at the age of concrete reaching 28 days. Cost analysis is carried out by simulating the required need for interlocking brick in type 36 house buildings that can withstand structures and non-structures, then the costs of IRD 11,810,470.,- is obtained. So the use of interlocking bricks can be considered as an alternative environmentally friendly building materials with low cost.
The Behavior of Modified Long Links with Supplemental Double Stiffeners on Eccentrically Braced Frames
Authors: Musbar  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Initial failure of long links caused by fracturing and buckling occurs on the flange and web at the end of the link. Local damages are caused by the influence of the dominant bending moments compared to shear forces. The advantage of using long links includes allowing for larger openings in rooms, which makes it popular among architects. Efforts to prevent these specific failures are not covered in the rules and there are few researchers that examine improving the performance of long links. The focus of this study is to provide information on using supplemental double stiffeners at the ends of the link without changing the long link behavior. The behavior of long links is maintained by keeping the flange failures on the flange at the end of the link. The supplemental double stiffeners improve the performance of the long link by extending the inelastic zone and slowing the failure rate of the flange. This experimental study was carried out on four models of the long link consisting of a standard model and a model modified by the addition of supplemental double stiffeners at the flange. Long link models were modified with variable thickness and holes width on the supplemental double stiffeners. The results showed that the addition of the supplemental double stiffeners improved the performance of long links compared to the standard link that is in accordance with the requirements of AISC 341-10. The supplemental double stiffeners are an alternative to improved long link performance, making it more effective in the application of its use in steel construction.