bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dicer-2 Regulates Resistance and Maintains Homeostasis against Zika Virus Infection in Drosophila
Authors: Harsh Sneh , Ozakman Yaprak , Kitchen Shannon M. , Paquin-Proulx Dominic , Nixon Douglas F. , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks pose a massive public health threat in several countries. We have developed an in vivo model to investigate the host–ZIKV interaction in Drosophila. We have found that a strain of ZIKV replicates in wild-type flies without reducing their survival ability. We have shown that ZIKV infection triggers RNA interference and that mutating Dicer-2 results in enhanced ZIKV load and increased susceptibility to ZIKV infection. Using a flavivirus-specific Ab, we have found that ZIKV is localized in the gut and fat body cells of the infected wild-type flies and results in their perturbed homeostasis. In addition, Dicer-2 mutants display severely reduced insulin activity, which could contribute toward the increased mortality of these flies. Our work establishes the suitability of Drosophila as the model system to study host–ZIKV dynamics, which is expected to greatly advance our understanding of the molecular and physiological processes that determine the outcome of this disease.
Biomass accounting simulation for bioenergy product from forest resources
Authors: Almulqu Aah Ahmad 
Published: October 2018

This study examines the potential to tree component biomass, biomass for bioenergy product and sequester carbon of forest area. In order to know about these value, we used CO2FIX program. Thining harvesting scenario were analyzed, involving the establishment of short rotation harvesting (each 10 years) and long rotation plantations (200 year). Research results showed an overall tree biomass (stem, foliage, branch and root) were accounted 2.49 ton/ha±0.67, 0.14 ton/ha±0.03, 0.35 ton/ha±0.09 and 0.65 ton/ha±0.18. The potential of biomass for bioenergy product and sequester carbon was increase until the end of project simulation. The increase average biomass of bioenergy was 25.96 Mg/ha±13.46 and the average of net sequestered carbon increase about 16.6±35.9 MgCO2equiv/ha. Our analysis on this study for all research variables is highest at each 40 year periods because at this age, the rate of increment in the biomass of the tree is maximized.
Expérience et normativité : penser les modalités éducatives des projets
artistiques à partir de John Dewey
Authors: Fabre Sylvain 
Published: October 2018

La question examinée porte sur la nature et les règles de la gouvernance
moderne. Il s'acquitte d'abord de clarifier le sens des termes fondamentaux. Le
concept de modernité est ainsi décrit comme ayant pour corollaire celui de progrès ;
et la gouvernance apparaît comme une manière nouvelle de nommer le gouvernement, au
sens où ce terme désigne l’administration de la puissance publique ou de la
souveraine puissance (MONTESQUIEU, ROUSSEAU). La gouvernance moderne ne renvoie donc
à rien d’autre qu’à l’administration de la volonté générale, par opposition à la
gouvernance archaïque, gouvernement monarchisant et de tendance despotique. Il
s’ensuit que la république est, par excellence, la forme moderne de l’État : les
droits de la critique étant consacrés (KANT), le gouvernant est déchu de son statut
traditionnel de souverain, dignité à laquelle est désormais élevé le peuple. Mais
comment une « gouvernance moderne » est-elle possible en Afrique dans l’actuel
contexte géopolitique de la mondialisation ? Il est suggéré que seule une Afrique
industrialisée et unie peut acculer à un « contrat international » équitable,
analogue amphictyonique du « contrat social ».
La problématique de la gouvernance moderne dans la perspective d'un contrat
international
Authors: Ndzomo-Molé Joseph 
Published: October 2018

La question examinée porte sur la nature et les règles de la gouvernance
moderne. Il s'acquitte d'abord de clarifier le sens des termes fondamentaux. Le
concept de modernité est ainsi décrit comme ayant pour corollaire celui de progrès ;
et la gouvernance apparaît comme une manière nouvelle de nommer le gouvernement, au
sens où ce terme désigne l’administration de la puissance publique ou de la
souveraine puissance (MONTESQUIEU, ROUSSEAU). La gouvernance moderne ne renvoie donc
à rien d’autre qu’à l’administration de la volonté générale, par opposition à la
gouvernance archaïque, gouvernement monarchisant et de tendance despotique. Il
s’ensuit que la république est, par excellence, la forme moderne de l’État : les
droits de la critique étant consacrés (KANT), le gouvernant est déchu de son statut
traditionnel de souverain, dignité à laquelle est désormais élevé le peuple. Mais
comment une « gouvernance moderne » est-elle possible en Afrique dans l’actuel
contexte géopolitique de la mondialisation ? Il est suggéré que seule une Afrique
industrialisée et unie peut acculer à un « contrat international » équitable,
analogue amphictyonique du « contrat social ».
Dead ringers de Cronenberg, ou la gémellité monstreuse
Authors: Girval-Pallota Julien 
Published: October 2018

Dead ringers, ou dans son titre français Faux semblants, est le treizième
long-métrage de David Cronenberg, cinéaste canadien qui a jusque-là essentiellement
œuvré dans les genres de l’horreur et du fantastique. S’il fallait isoler un thème
récurrent dans son œuvre, ce serait sans doute la question du corps, et plus
précisément de ses transformations, de ses métamorphoses. Dans ce long-métrage,
Cronenberg, en mettant en scène la vie de deux frères jumeaux gynécologues, poursuit
son interrogation sur le corps à travers la question de la gémellité : jusqu’à quel
point un même esprit peut-il habiter deux corps ? C’est donc la question du double
qui est traitée par ce film : le double compris comme un autre soi, ou autrement dit
comme une parfaite duplication de soi. D’ailleurs l’expression dead ringer1 qui
donne son titre au film signifie « An exact duplicate », c'est-à-dire « un double
parfait », ou « une exacte duplication ». Le film nous pose la question de savoir
jusqu’à quel point on peut vraiment adhérer à cette idée : jusqu’à quel point
l’autre peut-il n’être que le même dupliqué ? jusqu’à quel point l’autre peut-il
n’être que l’identique redoublé ?
Grandeur d’âme et désagrégation du moi
Authors: Aberkane Idriss 
Published: October 2018

À travers un paysage culturel populaire où les scènes d’action entraînent le
spectateur dans la conscience de sa petitesse d’âme, nous suivons dans Kill Bill
(vol. 2) le personnage de La Mariée (Uma Thurman), de son passé avec Bill (David
Carradine) à son retour à la vie. En deux mots, Kill Bill amène une double
conscience du dédoublement : à l’écran (celui des personnages) et en dehors (celui
des spectateurs). Autour de cette représentation du dédoublement, nous voudrions
étudier le thème de la grandeur d’âme face à son antithèse : la désagrégation du
moi. Nous recourrons à la technique de l’intelligence pour relier de grands auteurs
parmi les modernes comme Yeats, Eliot, Perse, Pirandello et avant eux Poe et Burton
dans la continuité des Humanités occidentales. En particulier Poe et Burton,
décisivement influencés par le soufisme, nous fournissent un lien entre expression
de l’âme en Occident et spiritualité d’Orient.
Specialty-oriented internships
Authors: Opipari Michael I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The osteopathic medical rotating internship for many years represented the culmination of the making of an osteopathic physician. The rotating internship has been singularly responsible, in many instances, for our representation as the primary care profession. As recently as 12 years ago, the majority of DOs entered practice directly from the rotating internship. This I-year exposure from classroom to practice was a trip through a required minimum of five clinical specialties with some typical exposure to radiology, pathology, and anesthesiology. The author proposes a specialty track program as part of a restructured internship.
Granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by Coccidioides immitis
Authors: Robinson Mary Jo , Fogel Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Coccidioides immitis is endemic to regions of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America. The mycelial form is highly infectious and is carried in dust, which is inhaled. The lung is primarily affected. The disease caused by this organism ranges from an asymptomatic form to the disseminated or progressive type. Diagnosis hinges on identification of fungal infection by means of biopsy, culture, serology, or skin testing. Each method has advantages and pitfalls. This report discusses a case of granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by C immitis which was diagnosed in the eastern United States by means of a lymph node biopsy.
A phase I study of TAS‐205 in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Takeshita Eri , Komaki Hirofumi , Shimizu‐Motohashi Yuko , Ishiyama Akihiko , Sasaki Masayuki , Takeda Shin'ichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveCurrently, the only approved standard Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treatment in Japan is oral steroids, which have various disadvantages. Previous work has suggested that hematopoietic‐type prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS), involved in production of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), might have a role in DMD pathology. We therefore investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of a highly selective HPGDS inhibitor (TAS‐205) in Japanese patients with genetically confirmed DMD.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase I study to evaluate the use of single or 7‐day repeated doses of TAS‐205 administered orally. The urinary excretion of PGD2 metabolites was also assessed.ResultsThe PK analysis set included 15 and 14 patients in the single‐ and repeated‐dose periods, respectively; the pharmacodynamics set and the safety set included 21 and 19 patients in each period, respectively. The PK of TAS‐205 were linear in the dose range studied (1.67–13.33 mg/kg/dose) and the plasma concentration of TAS‐205 reached steady state by Day 4. TAS‐205 dose‐dependently decreased the urinary excretion of tetranor‐prostaglandin D metabolite at each measurement time point and did not affect the urinary excretion of tetranor‐prostaglandin E metabolite. No clinically significant adverse events were reported after TAS‐205 single or repeated administration.InterpretationWe confirmed the safety and tolerability of TAS‐205 in this study. TAS‐205 decreased the total urinary excretion of PGD2 metabolites in a dose‐dependent manner, suggesting that TAS‐205 might be a therapeutic option to treat DMD patients.
Several household chemical exposures are associated with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mar Soe , Liang Shannon , Waltz Michael , Casper T. Charles , Goyal Manu , Greenberg Benjamin , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Rodriguez Moses , Aaen Gregory , Belman Anita , Barcellos Lisa F. , Rose John , Gorman Mark , Benson Leslie , Candee Meghan , Chitnis Tanjua , Harris Yolanda , Kahn Ilana , Roalsted Shelly , Hart Janace , Lotze Timothy , Moodley Manikum , Ness Jayne , Rensel Mary , Rubin Jennifer , Schreiner Teri , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Waldman Amy , Krupp Lauren , Graves Jennifer S. , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   the U.S. Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information about the potential associations of multiple sclerosis (MS) and commonly used household chemicals.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study of exposures to common household chemicals during childhood in children with MS and healthy pediatric controls. Exposures to household products were collected from a comprehensive questionnaire (http://www.usnpmsc.org/Documents/EnvironmentalAssessment.pdf) completed by parents at the time of enrollment in the study. Cases included children diagnosed with MS or clinically isolated syndrome with at least two silent T2 bright lesions on MRI, recruited within 4 years of disease onset from 16 pediatric MS clinics in the USA. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were adjusted for possible confounders including age, sex, race, ethnicity, mother's highest level of education, and urban versus rural living.ResultsQuestionnaire responses to household chemicals were available for 312 eligible cases (median age 15.7 years, 63% girls) and 490 healthy controls (median age 15.0, 57% girls). Exposure to rodenticides (odds ratio [OR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–3.26, P ≤ 0.001), weed control agents (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.36–2.92, P ≤ 0.001) and products for plant/tree disease control (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.54–4.82, P ≤ 0.001) anytime during childhood were associated with an increased risk for pediatric‐onset MS in adjusted and multiple comparisons analyses.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that exposure to specific household chemicals during early childhood is associated with the risk of developing pediatric‐onset MS. Future studies are needed to elucidate a causal relationship and the exact agents involved.
Is visual–perceptual or motor expertise critical for expert anticipation in sport?
Authors: Brenton John , Müller Sean 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA prominent topic is whether visual or motor expertise makes greater contribution to expert visual anticipation in sport. This stems from psychological theories, such as common coding theory, which predicts perception and action can inform each other in a bidirectional manner. This paper reviews the literature that has investigated visual and motor expertise contributions to expert visual anticipation in sport. First, psychological theories are discussed that predict visual and motor contributions to perceptual–motor behaviour. Second, classifications of motor skills and studies are presented to evaluate the literature reviewed. Third, literature is reviewed with reference to performance, learning, and transfer of visual anticipation, which are all vital for successful sports performance. The review aims to stimulate thought about mechanisms underpinning visual and motor expertise relative to performance, learning, and transfer of anticipation skill, which can better guide the practitioner to improve skill.
Electron Microscopy for 3D Scaffolds–Cell Biointerface Characterization
Authors: Iandolo Donata , Pennacchio Fabrizio A. , Mollo Valentina , Rossi Domenico , Dannhauser David , Cui Bianxiao , Owens Roisin M. , Santoro Francesca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCell fate is largely determined by interactions that occur at the interface between cells and their surrounding microenvironment. For this reason, especially in the field of tissue‐engineering, there is a growing interest in developing techniques that allow evaluating cell–material interaction at the nanoscale, particularly focusing on cell adhesion processes. While for 2D culturing systems a consolidated series of tools already satisfy this need, in 3D environments, more closely recapitulating complex in vivo structures, there is still a lack of procedures furthering the comprehension of cell–material interactions. Here, the use of scanning electron microscopy coupled with a focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) for the characterization of cell interactions with 3D scaffolds obtained by different fabrication techniques is reported for the first time. The results clearly show the capability of the developed approach to preserve and finely resolve scaffold–cell interfaces highlighting details such as plasma membrane arrangement, extracellular matrix architecture and composition, and cellular structures playing a role in cell adhesion to the surface. It is anticipated that the developed approach will be relevant for the design of efficient cell‐instructive platforms in the study of cellular guidance strategies for tissue‐engineering applications as well as for in vitro 3D models.
Solution‐Processed Rad‐Hard Amorphous Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Park Byungkyu , Ho Dongil , Kwon Guhyun , Kim Dojeon , Seo Sung Yong , Kim Choongik , Kim Myung‐Gil 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of 5 MeV high‐energy proton irradiation on solution‐processed metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is investigated. The electrical characteristics of the devices are measured before and after proton irradiation with radiation doses of 1013, 1014, and 1015 cm−2. TFTs based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) exhibit a significant negative shift in their threshold voltage values (ΔVth ≤ −30 V) or transitioned to the conductor state as the proton radiation dose increased. For a‐ZnO and IGZO, this change in the electrical characteristics originates from the formation of proton‐irradiation‐induced oxygen vacancies in the metal‐oxide semiconductor layer. On the other hand, amorphous zinc tin oxide devices with an optimized composition exhibit relatively stable electrical characteristics when subjected to proton irradiation. Furthermore, the back‐channel passivation of oxide‐semiconductor TFTs with an n‐type organic semiconductor layer significantly improves the device stability under proton irradiation. This study demonstrates that solution‐processed metal‐oxide semiconductors have significant potential as rad‐hard large area electronic devices for nuclear and aerospace applications.
Lightweight, Thin, and Flexible Silver Nanopaper Electrodes for High‐Capacity Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaoliang , Zhou Shengyang , Edström Kristina , Strømme Maria , Nyholm Leif 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOwing to its resource‐abundant and favorable theoretical capacity, sodium metal is regarded as a promising anode material for sodium metal batteries. However, uncontrolled Na plating/stripping, including Na dendrite growth during cycling, has hindered its practical application. Herein, a sodiophilic, thin, and flexible silver nanopaper (AgNP) is designed based on interpenetrated nanocellulose and silver nanowires and is used as a dendrite‐free Na metal electrode. Due to a network of highly conducting silver nanowire (0.6 Ω sq−1, 8200 S cm−1), the sodiophilic nature of silver, and the reduced internal strain within the flexible AgNP, a compact Na metal layer can be uniformly deposited on and reversibly stripped from the AgNP electrode without any observations of Na dendrites during cycling at 1 mA cm−2 for 800 h. As the AgNP electrode is only 2 µm thick, with a low mass loading of 0.88 mg cm−2, the AgNP–Na anode deposited with a Na deposition charge of 6 mAh cm−2 exhibits a capacity of 995 mAh g−1AgNP–Na, approaching that of a Na metal anode (1166 mAh g−1Na). The present approach provides new possibilities for the development of lightweight and stable metal batteries.
Degradation‐Regulatable Architectured Implantable Macroporous Scaffold for the Spatiotemporal Modulation of Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Enhanced Combination Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ren Long , Lim Yong Taik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe presence of immunosuppressive cells such as tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in residual tumors after surgery is known to be related to high recurrence of tumors which are more resistant to therapeutic interventions compared with the primary ones. Herein, a degradation‐regulatable architectured implantable macroporous scaffold (Dr‐AIMS) is designed to control the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) as well as to activate T‐cell‐based antitumor immunity. The Dr‐AIMS is fabricated by the combination of stable “bulk” material (methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid) and hydrolytic‐labile “sacrificing” component (methacrylate‐modified oxidized hyaluronic acid) with varied blending ratios such that the degradation can be regulated from 10 to 28 days in vivo. The Dr‐AIMS is loaded with PTX (depleting cancer cells and TAMs), R837 (activating antigen presenting cells and inhibiting MDSCs functions) and combined immune checkpoint blockade molecules (anti‐CTLA‐4 and anti‐OX40 mAbs, invigorating T cells function) and is implanted as postsurgical treatment in 4T1 breast tumor model. In vivo results suggest the sustained and localized supply of immunomodulatory drugs from Dr‐AIMS facilitates the depletion of MDSCs and M2‐like macrophages simultaneously within the tumor tissues, enhances the infiltration of DCs and effector T cells into tumor, and systemic antitumor immunity is generated with reduced dose.
Molecular Engineering of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer/g‐C3N4 Heterostructures for Significantly Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Yu Fengtao , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Shicong , Ye Haonan , Kong Kangyi , Gong Xueqing , Hua Jianli , Tian He 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolymer heterojunctions (PHJs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). Nevertheless, most PHJs exhibit unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution rate (HER), primarily attributing to their own high‐energy Frenkel excitons and poor light capturing ability. In this paper, a molecular engineering strategy is developed to further broaden spectral response range and simultaneously accelerate Frenkel excitons dissociation within PHJs. For this purpose, three donor–acceptor (D‐A) conjugated polymers/g‐C3N4 heterojunctions with alternative donor units (fluorene, carbazole, N‐annulated perylene for P1, P2, and P3, respectively) and the invariant acceptor unit (benzothiadiazole) have been designed and fabricated for efficient PHE. Experimental results show that copolymerizing different donor units into the polymer skeleton not only extends the visible‐light response range but also promotes photoexciton separation within polymer/g‐C3N4 PHJs. Notably, copolymerizing the strongest electron donor unit (N‐annulated perylene) achieves the best light capture ability and the most effective photoexcitation separation of the P3/g‐C3N4, leading to significantly increase HRE of 13.0 mmol h−1 g−1 with a recorded apparent quantum yield of 27.32% at 520 nm. Importantly, the Type II heterojunction mechanism within P3/CN was first proved by theoretical calculation. This work provides a promising strategy for reasonably developing efficient PHJs for solar fuel production.
Diverse Atomically Sharp Interfaces and Linear Dichroism of 1T' ReS2‐ReSe2 Lateral p–n Heterojunctions
Authors: Liu Dongyan , Hong Jinhua , Wang Xiao , Li Xiaobo , Feng Qingliang , Tan Congwei , Zhai Tianyou , Ding Feng , Peng Hailin , Xu Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCreating heterojunctions between different 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) would enable on‐demand tuning of electronic and optoelectronic properties in this new class of materials. However, the studies to date are mainly focused on hexagonal (2H) structure TMD‐based heterojunctions, and little attention is paid on the distorted octahedral (1T') structure TMD‐based heterojunctions. This study reports the large‐scale synthesis of monolayer 1T' ReS2‐ReSe2 lateral heterojunction with domain size up to 100 µm by using two‐step epitaxial growth. Atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals high crystal quality of the heterojunction with atomically sharp interfaces. Interestingly, three types of epitaxial growth modes accompanying formation of three different interface structures are revealed in the growth of 1T' heterojunction, where the angle between the b‐axis of ReS2 and ReSe2 is 0°, 120°, and 180°, respectively. The 0° and 180° interface structures are both found to be more abundant than the 120° interface structure owing to their relative lower formation energy. Electrical transport demonstrates that the as‐grown heterostructure forms lateral p–n junction with intrinsic rectification characteristics and exhibits polarization‐dependent photodiode properties. This is the first time the linear dichroism is achieved in 2D lateral heterostructure, which is important for the development of new devices with multi‐functionality.