bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic N-fertilizer, rhizobacterial inoculation and fungal compost improve nutrient uptake, plant growth and the levels of vindoline, ajmalicine, vinblastine, catharanthine and total alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L.
Authors: Hashemabadi Davood , Sabzevari Fatemeh , Kaviani Behzad , Ansari Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to replace mineral fertilizers with organic and biological fertilizers to improve nutrient uptake, plant growth and the concentrations of some important secondary metabolites in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.). Periwinkle plants were grown under different rates of N supply (0, 20 and 40 mg kg−1 soil) and biological treatments (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Azospirillum plus Azotobacter, Azospirillum plus fungal compost, Azotobacter plus fungal compost, and fungal compost). The concentrations of pigments and nutrients were measured by spectrophotometry and flame photometry. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were recorded for plant growth and development parameters, nutrient uptake and some secondary metabolites of periwinkle plants. The results showed that the N-fertilizer and biological treatments significantly improved most growth attributes and nutrient uptake and increased the concentrations of secondary metabolites as compared to the control. Maximum concentrations of root ajmalicine (0.54 mg g−1 DW), leaf vinblastine (0.96 mg g−1 DW) and root catharanthine (2.38 mg g−1 DW) were obtained from the treatment with Azospirillum under N-fertilizer at 20 and 40 mg kg−1 soil. Azotobacter along with fungal compost under N-fertilizer at 40 mg kg−1 soil induced the maximum concentration of leaf vindoline (1.94 mg g−1 DW). The highest concentration of root alkaloids (1.11 mg g−1 DW) was obtained from the treatment with compost under 40 mg N kg−1 soil. Azospirillum, Azotobacter and fungal compost combined with the N-fertilizer improved many morphological and nutrient characteristics. In conclusion, the growth and metabolism of C. roseus were significantly positively affected by the organic and biological fertilizers.
Occurrence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteria In Horses
Authors: Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna , Ugwu Ifeoma Chinyere , Onah Collins Uchenna 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study was conducted to isolate generic extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria from horses in Nigeria, and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile. Rectal swabs were collected from 155, systematic randomly selected, apparently-healthy horses. Isolation of ESC-resistant enterobacteria was done using Mac Conkey agar with ceftazidime. ESBL production was assessed by combination disc method. Resistance of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of 155 samples, 5.2% gave positive growth. From these, 11 ESC-resistant enterobacteria comprising of 36.4% E. coli, 36.4% Salmonella spp. and 27.2% Proteus spp., were obtained. From 11 isolates, 45.5% consisting of all the 4 E. coli and 1 Proteus isolates, were ESBL-producers, these were recovered from 4 (2.6%) out of the 155 horses sampled. Resistance of the E. coli isolates was 25% to aztreonam (AZT), 75% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), gentamicin (GEN), perfloxacin (PEF), and sulphamethoxazoletrimethoprim (SXT-TRI), 50% to ofloxacin (OFL) and 100% to ampicillin (AMP), ceftazidime (CTZ), cefotaxime (CTX), chloramphenicol (CHL), streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), sparfloxacin (SPA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and enrofloxacin (ENR). Resistance of the Salmonella isolates was 50% to PEF and 100% to CTZ, CTX, AMP, AZT, AMC, CHL, GEN, STR, TET, SPA, CIP, OFL, NOR and ENR. Resistance of the Proteus isolates was 25% to AMC, CHL, STR, TET, SPA and NOR, and 100% to CTZ, CTX, AZT and AMP. Resistance of the isolates to more than 3 classes of antibacterial agents tested was 75% for Proteus and 100% for E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. This study showed that horses in Nigeria are potential reservoirs and disseminators of ESC-resistant and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into Zimbabwe
Authors: Sikwila Mike Nyamazana , Karedza Godwell , Sikwila Yvonne Lindiwe 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The authors sought to explore factors that influenced foreign direct investment (FDI) in Zimbabwe between 1990 and 2014. In spite of Zimbabwe being one of the richest countries, with respect to mineral endowment in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region there was a paradox of less FDI attracted into the country. We include the investment policy stability (IPS) variable that has been ignored in the current literature; yet, the investment centre policies in any given developing country influence FDI inflows. The authors used Ordinary Least Square regression analysis technique to estimate an investment equation for Zimbabwe using Time-Series annual data obtained from the UNCTAD and World Bank database. The results suggest that investment policy stability; trade openness of the country; inflation rate and growth in real domestic product have a significant influence on the FDI inflows into the country. In conclusion, the results suggest that investment policy stability played an important role in attracting FDI into the country. Also, the results are expected to give a useful insight to policymakers that are responsible for attracting FDI inflows into Zimbabwe and other developing countries.
Impact of E-government Development on the Level of Corruption: Measuring the Effects of Related Indices in Time and Dimensions
Authors: Máchová Renáta , Volejníková Jolana , Lněnička Martin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
E-government is recognized as a tool for improving transparency and openness in the public sector and for combatting corruption. Understanding the relationship between e-government development and the level of corruption would allow for a more effective leveraging of related projects in anti-corruption efforts. This paper examines the impact of e-government development on the level of corruption in the context of economic perspective. In contrast to previous studies, this empirical relationship is measured across sub-indices (dimensions) of related indices between 2002 and 2016. The results show that higher levels of e-government development are related to lower levels of corruption. The three most important dimensions found are the environment sub-index, which assesses the extent to which a country’s market conditions and regulatory framework support entrepreneurship, innovation, and ICT development; the usage sub-index, which assesses the level of ICT adoption by a society’s main stakeholders; and the telecommunication infrastructure sub-index measuring a country’s ICT infrastructure capacity. Following these findings, certain ways of influencing of the level of corruption by a stimulation of concrete e-government development dimensions can be drawn. This is important especially in the time of a financial crisis and its consequences, which are also discussed in this paper.
Multi-criteria Evaluation of the State of Professional Theatres in the Czech Republic in Terms of Mixed Public Goods Provided to the Citizens
Authors: Ardielli Eva , Bečica Jiří 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The provision of public goods is an important aspect of public sector management, and it is a subject of specific conditions. Public Goods should be provided efficiently and in accordance to consumer demand and should meet the provider's political and financial priorities as well as other obligatory commitments. An important role also play the citizens that are increasingly appealing on the provision of high-quality, accessible and cost-effective public goods in line with the principle of “value for money”. The evaluation of the provided public goods is, therefore, a topical issue. A particular case would be the provision of mixed public goods. This article deals with the topic of evaluation of mixed public goods provided in the cultural sector, specifically in the field of theatres. The basis of the economic value of cultural goods (products) and services is their rarity and utility value. Major difficulties are associated with the evaluation of freely available cultural goods or cultural services provided for non-equivalent admissions. Cultural goods often are of a high spiritual value in the eyes of the public, but, at the same time, their financial value is low. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the level of mixed public goods provided by Czech professional theatres from the perspective of technical and financial availability to citizens. For the assessment of the level of provided cultural goods, the multi-criteria evaluation method WSA is used. In terms of technical and financial aspects, the results of the research demonstrate a great variability across organizations associated in the Professional Theatres Association. The organizations are ranked according to the level of provided mixed public goods from best to worst.
Lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in mammals – are arachnoid granulations the main route of cerebrospinal fluid outflow?
Authors: Sokołowski Wojciech , Barszcz Karolina , Kupczyńska Marta , Czubaj Norbert , Skibniewski Michał , Purzyc Halina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in animals was over the years the subject of detailed analysis. For a long time it was stated that arachnoid granulations of the venous sinuses play a key role in CSF circulation. However, recent studies on this subject have shown that a considerable part of the CSF is drained to the lymphatic vessels. Moreover, disorders in the CSF passage may result in severe central nervous system diseases such as e.g. hydrocephalus. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the lymphatic drainage of the CSF in mammals. We present in detail comparative anatomy of different species taking into account cranial and spinal compartment. In addition, we clarified role of the lymphatic vessels in the CSF outflow and the relationship between impairment in this transport and central nervous system diseases. In the author’s opinion knowledge on CSF circulation is still poorly examined and therefore required comment.
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Burn Unit: Epidemiological Study
Authors: Sepúlveda Luis , Vaz Miguel , Brito Íris , Chaves Catarina , Cabral Luís , Lima Jorge , Rodrigues Filipe 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Besides burn wound infections, burned patients are also more susceptible to other types of nosocomial infections. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) are one of the most common infections in this context, responsible for high morbidity, increased hospital stay and associated costs. The aim of this study was to characterize catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized burn patients and evaluate the frequency of microbiologic agents responsible for these infections.
Material and Methods: Retrospective study, performed in a Burn Center (Coimbra Burns Unit) of a University Hospital (Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal – CHUC), based in the clinical data and urine cultures of burned patients who have performed at least once this exam between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. Different variables such as date of infection, general characteristics of the population and the responsible pathogen were analyzed. Infections were further categorized taking into account the existence of previous episodes of CA-UTI, thereby defining primary infection, re- infection, relapse and over-infection.
Results: Between January 2010 and December 2014, 213 CA-UTI were diagnosed in 143 patients. The most common uropathogens were E. coli (27.2%), Enterococcus faecalis (20.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.1%), Candida spp. (12.1%), Klebsiella spp. (10.8%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (9.9%). The most common microorganisms varied significantly depending on the gender of the patient. The CA-UTI analyzed corresponded to 143 primary infections, 44 reinfections, 17 relapses and nine over-infections. Relapse corresponded to 11% of infections in males and 5.7% in females and was significantly more frequent in infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii.
Discussion/Conclusion: Catheter-associated urinary infections are common in intensive care units, particularly at Burn Units. The most common pathogens identified were similar to those reported in the literature. Pathogens responsible for polymicrobial infections were similar to those in monomicrobial infections, probably due to the short-term nature of urinary catheterization. Infections by Acinetobacter baumannii showed high susceptibility to relapse, which is probably related to its multi-drug resistance, common in this pathogen. The high relapse rate detected in males is probably related to the greater frequency of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in this gender. Candiduria was more frequent in the context of reinfection and over-infection, probably due to disruption of bacterial flora secondary to previous systemic antibiotics.
Implementasi green living berbasis scientific inquiry pada pembelajaran ipa terhadap kinerja ilmiah mahasiswa
Authors: Retno Raras Setyo , Yuhanna Wachidatul Linda 
Published: June 2018

<p align="justify">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh mahasiswa sebagai calon guru mampu menerapkan green living berbasis scientific inquiry pada pembelajaran IPA untuk anak sekolah dasar. Selain itu mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi produk ramah lingkungan, menghasilkan produk ramah lingkungan untuk media pembelajaran IPA, mampu menggunakan produk ramah ramah lingkungan serta mampu menerapkan 5R (Reduce, reuse, recycle, refuse dan repair). Pada penelitian tindakan kelas ini, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dianalisis secara diskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis interaktif ini terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja ilmiah mahasiswa berbasis scientific inquiry pada materi green living ada peningkatan siklus I ke siklus II yaitu nilai ketuntasan pada siklus I sebesar 27,27% dan pada siklus II meningkat 87,8% artinya ada peningkatan sebesar 60%. Ada respon positif mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran IPA berbasis scientific inquiry yaitu mahasiswa bisa memanfaatkan bahan bekas untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran IPA SD.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Keywords: green living, scientific inquiry, working scientifically</p>
TÜRK MÜZİĞİ VE BATI MÜZİĞİNİN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE ÇOKSESLİLİK AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TARKUM Erol 
Published: June 2018

Geleneksel Türk
müziğinin makamsal yapısı, Batı müziğinin ise tonaliteye dayanan yapısı bu
müziklerin en temel özellikleri olmuş,
çokseslilik ise hem Türk müziğine, hem de Batı müziğine gelişmeye açık yeni
boyutlar kazandırmıştır. Doğu ve Batı müziği tarihsel süreç içerisinde müziği zenginleştiren
bireşimlere kaynaklık etmiş, bu
bireşimlerin bir yönünü de geleneksel Türk müziğinden kaynaklanan unsurların
çoksesli yeni bir yapı içerisinde işlenmesi oluşturmuştur.
Detección serológica del Virus Papiloma Humano en mujeres mayores de 20 años. Caso sector “Gary Esparza”, Babahoyo, Ecuador // Serological detection of human papilloma virus in women over 20 years. “Gary Esparza” sector, Babahoyo, Ecuador
Authors: Rodas Neira Edgar , Pazmino Gòmez Betty , Coello Peralta Roberto , Bermudez Bermudez Julio , Rodas Pazmino Karen , Cagua Montano Luis , Cercado Mancero Alicia , Farino Cortez Juan , Ayol Perez Lizan , Rodas Pazmino Andrea , Espinoza Sangolqui Gisela , Rodas Pazmino Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV) tiene un genoma ADN bicatenario perteneciente a la familia de los Papovaviridae, tiene capacidad oncogénica en una variedad de mamíferos, en especial el hombre, en el que se conoce más de 200 serotipos y representa una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más común, por su relación de patogenia oncológica. Se clasifica en tipos de alto y bajo riesgo oncológico (IARC), también se ha descrito otros tipos de infecciones como las orofaríngeas y amigdalitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el cribado de detección de anticuerpos IgG contra los genotipos 6, 11, 16 y 18 del virus mencionado, mediante la técnica serológica de Microelisa. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, realizado en el primer semestre del año 2015 en el Sector Gary Esparza del cantón Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador, de un universo de 250 habitantes se tomaron muestras sanguíneas a 97 mujeres mayores de 20 años y determinó 8 casos positivos (8.25%), con ello se estableció el primer diagnóstico serológico en el país, lo que constituye una herramienta de detección preliminar o screening de un gran número de muestras. ABSTRACT The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus that has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Papovaviridae family. It has oncogenic ability in a variety of mammals, especially man, in which more than 200 serotypes are known and represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases because of its relation to oncological pathogenesis. It is classified into high and low cancer types (IARC), other types of infections such as oropharyngeal and tonsillitis have also been described. The objective of this study was to determine the screening of IgG antibodies against Human Papilloma Virus genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 using the Microelisa serological technique. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2015 in the Gary Esparza Sector of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province, with a population of 250 habitants. Blood samples were taken from 97 women with 20 years old, being determined 8 positive cases (8.25%), establishing the first serological diagnosis in the country, which is a tool for preliminary screening or screening of a large number of samples.
Estudio descriptivo de las prácticas de diseño y arquitectura de desarrollo de Software en las compañías Startups. // Descriptive Study about design and architecture practices in Startups.
Authors: Pizarro Guillermo 
Published: June 2018

Esta investigación inicia con la interrogante sobre la existencia de prácticas de diseño y arquitectura en las compañías Startups y presenta un breve estado del arte sobre estas prácticas. La metodología utilizada es la revisión bibliográfica y los resultados obtenidos muestran que estas Compañías si tienen prácticas definidas; y además, las recomiendan detallando sus casos de estudio como muestra de su efectividad. ABSTRACT This work begins with the research question about design and architecture practices in Startups and it show a brief state of the art. The methodology used was the literature review and the results show us that these companies not only have incorporated this practices; and also recommend them detailing their case studies as a demonstration of their effectiveness.
Importancia de la administración eficiente del capital de trabajo en las Pymes. // Importance of efficient management of working capital in SMEs.
Authors: García Aguilar Juanita , Galarza Torres Sandra , Altamirano Salazar Aníbal 
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de una eficiente administración del capital de trabajo, como estrategia para lograr la operatividad de las Pymes y su permanencia en el tiempo. El capital de trabajo es el efectivo mínimo que toda empresa necesita para ejecutar con normalidad sus actividades operativas. Una gestión adecuada del mismo, permite contar con liquidez necesaria para cubrir las obligaciones de corto plazo, como resultado de la eficiente aplicación del ciclo de conversión del efectivo. Para esto, se aplicó una metodología de análisis documental tomando como referencia fuentes secundarias de investigación, tales como libros y artículos científicos. A partir de lo anterior, se analizó los fundamentos teóricos del capital de trabajo, sus métodos de cálculo y una revisión de investigaciones sobre la administración del capital de trabajo en Pymes latinoamericanas. Como resultado se determinó que el capital de trabajo es una herramienta financiera a la que todo administrador debe prestarle atención y dedicarle tiempo, debido a que determina la supervivencia de una empresa durante los primeros años de su existencia. Por otro lado, existen algunos métodos de cálculo para estimar el capital de trabajo, cada uno tiene sus características esenciales y su aplicación, dependen de la actividad a la que se dedique la entidad. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze the importance of an efficient administration of working capital, as a strategy to achieve the operation of SMEs and their permanence in time. Working capital is the minimum cash that every company needs to execute its operating activities normally. Proper management of the asset enables to have the necessary liquidity to cover short-term obligations, as a result of the efficient application of the cash conversion cycle. For this, a methodology of documentary analysis was applied taking as reference secondary research sources, such as books and scientific papers. Based on the above, the theoretical foundations of working capital, their methods of calculation and a review of research on the management of working capital in Latin American SMEs were analyzed. As a result, it was determined that working capital is a financial tool that every manager must pay attention and spend time, because it determines the survival of a company in the early years of its existence. On the other hand, there are some calculation methods to estimate working capital, each has its essential characteristics and its application depends on the activity to which the organization is committed.