bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond ‘spray on’ professional development: Enhancing supervision in a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Clement Tim , Lysk Jayne , Vaughan Brett , Zordan Rachel , Murphy Jade , Tse Justin , McKinnon Fiona , Molloy Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundShort ‘programmes’ of professional development can have limited impact on clinical supervisors' practices. This paper reports on an innovative programme of professional development, implemented in a tertiary teaching hospital, that was designed to build clinical supervision capacity, improve the educational practice of frontline clinical supervisors and cultivate future educational leaders.ApproachThe programme was a partnership venture between St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and the University of Melbourne. It has a three‐tiered tapered design: a foundational self‐paced online course; online, interprofessional learning communities; and a Graduate Certificate in Clinical Education. Participants progressed from one tier to the next, with the largest number of employees participating in the primary tier (N = 112).EvaluationWe adopted a utilisation‐focused approach to evaluation, collecting multiple data sets across the tiers. Participants reported greater consciousness of their teaching practices, made changes to their practice, and the interprofessional learning communities allowed better integration of practical knowledge with the formal knowledge from the foundational course. Systemic outcomes included the creation of informal educator networks and the diffusion of ideas and practices within the hospital.ImplicationsManagers and clinical education leaders at the hospital concluded that funding this programme of professional development provided significant benefits, with a high return on investment, which may be transferable to other health care settings that place value on clinical education. For the outcomes to be sustainable, an ongoing programme of professional development needs to be built into the institution's fabric so that the resultant supervisory practices become strongly embedded in the organisational culture.
Insights into metaphor (mis)understandings
Authors: LaVoie Jacob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConventional metaphors are a fundamental component of everyday communication, yet they are often overlooked in post‐secondary German‐language programs. This study examines the extent to which vocabulary breadth influences 19 L2 German learners’ comprehension of conventional German metaphors, particularly those that exhibit cross‐linguistic differences in lexical form and conceptual motivation. Employing a mixed‐methods analysis, this research investigates the interpretations of 40 highly‐frequent, polysemic verbs in metaphorical contexts by L2 German speakers. The findings indicate a significant relationship between the breadth of a learner's vocabulary and their ability to accurately decode conventional metaphors. However, the study also reveals that learners with extensive vocabularies may be misled by their own knowledge, frequently failing to recognize extended metaphorical meanings despite familiarity with the lexeme and confidence in their interpretations. These results highlight the intricate interplay between lexical knowledge and cross‐linguistic differences in figurative language, underscoring the necessity for nuanced instruction in metaphor comprehension.
Comparing Australian Message Sticks and Sequentially Marked Objects of the Upper Palaeolithic: Problems and Opportunities
Authors: Kelly Piers 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEngraved portable objects from Upper Palaeolithic and earlier sites are argued to be cognitive tools designed to store information for the purposes of calculation, record‐keeping, or communication. This paper reviews the surprisingly long intellectual history of comparisons between these ancient objects and message sticks: marked graphic devices traditionally used for long‐distance communication in Indigenous Australia. I argue that, while such comparisons have often been misguided, more cautious applications of ethnographic analogy may yield useful insights. A systematic analysis of historical observations together with more recent fieldwork, indicate that Australian message sticks are primarily tools of social cognition, as opposed to cognition tout court, and rely on orality and other context to become meaningful. Further, the practice of message stick communication may help clarify ongoing problems in the interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic objects including their possible role in aggregation activities, the distinction between decoration and notation, and the interplay between graphic sequences and speech.
GhDOFD45 promotes sucrose accumulation in cotton seeds by transcriptionally activating GhSWEET10 expression
Authors: Du Chuanhui , Sun Wenjie , Song Qingwei , Zuo Kaijing 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYCotton seed development and fiber elongation are the inseparable and overlapped development processes requiring the continuous supply of sucrose as the direct carbon source. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of how sucrose is transported from the source tissues (leaves) into growing cotton seeds. Here, we identify the function of a sucrose transporter gene, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 10, GhSWEET10 in cotton seed development. GhSWEET10 encodes a functional sucrose transporter, predominantly expressing in the funiculus, inner seedcoat, and endosperm during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 RNAi plants (GhSWEET10i) accumulated less sucrose and glucose in growing seeds and that led to shorter fibers and smaller seeds, whereas GhSWEET10 overexpressed plants (GhSWEET10OE) had bigger seeds and longer fibers with more sugar accumulation during fiber elongation. GhSWEET10 gene is transcriptionally controlled by the transcription factor GhDOFD45. GhDOFD45 knockout plants (GhDOFD45‐KO) possessed the phenotypes of smaller seeds and shorter fibers like those of GhSWEET10i plants. Furthermore, GhSWEET10 mainly exports the sucrose from the funiculus into developing seeds according to the mimic‐analysis of sucrose transporting. Collectively, all these findings show that GhDOFD45 positively regulates GhSWEET10 expression to mainly transport sucrose from leaves into developing cotton seeds. Our findings also imply that the sucrose transport into enlarging seeds benefits fiber development, and thus GhSWEET10 can be selected as a target of breeding novel cotton varieties with larger and more vigorous seeds.
A novel small molecule phagocytosis inhibitor, KB‐208, ameliorates ITP in mouse models with similar efficacy as IVIG
Authors: Loriamini Melika , Lewis‐Bakker Melissa M. , Binnington Beth , Kotra Lakshmi P. , Branch Donald R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristic feature of immune cytopenias involves the process of extravascular phagocytosis, wherein macrophages in the spleen and/or liver engage in the destruction of blood cells that have been opsonized by auto‐ or alloantibodies. Therefore, new treatments that prevent phagocytosis will be advantageous, especially for short‐term usage along with alternative options.Study Design and MethodsKB‐208, a small molecule drug, previously shown to be efficacious for the in vitro inhibition of phagocytosis was synthesized. A passive antibody mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) was used. Three different mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, CD1) were used to determine the efficacy of KB‐208 compared with IVIG to ameliorate the ITP. Toxicity was investigated after 60‐day chronic administration of KB‐208 by a biochemistry panel, gross necroscopy and histopathology.ResultsKB‐208 showed similar efficacy to ameliorate the thrombocytopenia compared with IVIG in all three mouse strains. This small molecule drug was effective at 1 mg/kg in ameliorating ITP, in comparison with IVIG at 1000–2500 mg/kg. KB‐208 did not affect other blood parameters or elevate serum biochemistry markers of toxicity nor were any abnormal histopathological findings found.ConclusionKB‐208 is similar to IVIG for the amelioration of ITP in multiple mouse strains. Chronic administration of KB‐208 for 60 days did not demonstrate in vivo toxicity. These findings indicate that KB‐208 is efficacious, without significant in vivo toxicities in mice, and is a potential small molecule candidate for further evaluation to be used in the treatment of ITP and possibly all immune cytopenias where phagocytosis is responsible for the pathophysiology.
Infinite unrestricted sumsets of the form B+B$B+B$ in sets with large density
Authors: Kousek Ioannis , Radić Tristán 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor a set , we characterize the existence of an infinite set and such that , where , in terms of the density of the set . Specifically, when the lower density or the upper density , the existence of such a set and is assured. Furthermore, whenever or , we show that the shift is unnecessary and we also provide examples to show that these bounds are sharp. Finally, we construct a syndetic three‐coloring of the natural numbers that does not contain a monochromatic for any infinite set and number .
Method for Constructing a Compact Component Mode Synthesis Model for Analyzing Nonlinear Normal Modes of Structures With Localized Nonlinearities
Authors: Chen Xuan-Hong , Tien Meng-Hsuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear dynamics analysis is a crucial topic in mechanical and aerospace engineering. The analysis of nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) provides an effective mathematical tool for interpreting complex nonlinear vibration phenomena. Unlike the invariant normal modes of linear systems, NNMs often exhibit frequency–energy dependence and cannot be computed using the traditional eigen-decomposition method. Calculating NNMs relies on numerical methods that involve expensive iterative computations, especially for systems with numerous degrees-of-freedom. To relieve computational costs, this article proposes a mode selection method for the component mode synthesis (CMS) technique to enable compact reduced-order modeling of structures with localized nonlinearities. The reduced-order model is then combined with a numerical continuation scheme to establish a low-cost NNM analysis framework. This framework can efficiently predict the NNMs of high-dimensional finite element models. The proposed framework is demonstrated on an I-shaped cantilever beam with localized nonlinear stiffness. The results show that the proposed approach can identify the key modes in the CMS modeling procedure. The NNMs of the nonlinear I-shaped beam structure can then be analyzed with a significant reduction in computational costs.
A Comparison of Maximal Acceleration Between the “Tic Tac” Parkour Action, Drop Jump, and Lay-Up Shot in Youth Basketball Players: A Preliminary Study Toward the Donor Sport Concept
Authors: Williams Mark David , Liew Bernard , Castro Fabio , Davy Gary , Moran Jason 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare acceleration outputs of the parkour-style “tic tac” action with those of the drop jump and the lay-up shot in youth basketball players. A total of 25 participants (17 boys, 13.80 ± 1.30 years of age; and eight girls, 15.00 ± 0.80 years of age) completed three trials of each action while wearing a single inertial motion capture unit with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz, positioned at the lumbar spine. All data were captured in a single session, using the same test order for all participants. Maximum resultant acceleration was calculated from the raw data for each action. Using sex and maturation status as covariates, data were analyzed using a Bayesian one-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Results revealed the jump + sex model to be the best fitting (BF10 = 9.22 × 105). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the tic tac produced greater maximal acceleration than the drop jump and the lay-up. These findings provide a biomechanical basis for the potential use of the parkour tic tac as an activity that could be used within the athletic development of youth basketball players.
Visualization of giant
Mimivirus
in a movie for biology classrooms
Authors: Morioka Kanako , Fujieda Ayumi , Takemura Masaharu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

We have developed a new observation chamber for
Mimivirus
-infected
Acanthamoeba
to create dynamic visual teaching materials for virus education suitable for high school and university biology courses. We conducted experiments and captured a movie showcasing the infection process of
Acanthamoeba
cells by mimiviruses. In this educational film, we successfully recorded the active movement of healthy
Acanthamoeba
cells across the surface of a culture flask under an agarose gel. After
Mimivirus
infection, the movement of the
Acanthamoeba
cells gradually slowed and eventually stopped. This cessation coincided with the development of the
Mimivirus
virion factory, which began producing new virions on the surface of the host cells. Moreover, we captured continuous footage of a single cell throughout the viral proliferation process, thereby illustrating the viral proliferation in real time. This educational movie, which visually demonstrates the proliferation of
Mimivirus
within host cells, acts as an effective teaching tool. Moreover, it enhances students’ understanding of virus proliferation mechanisms and highlights the biological significance of viruses, their impact on host cell fate, and their role in ecosystems.
Genomic diversity of
Salmonella
Typhimurium and its monophasic variant in pig and pork production in France
Authors: De Sousa Violante Madeleine , Feurer Carole , Michel Valérie , Romero Karol , Mallet Ludovic , Mistou Michel-Yves , Cadel-Six Sabrina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
Typhimurium and its monophasic variant (
Salmonella
4,[5],12:i:-) are among the most prevalent serovars worldwide. Even though these serovars have been the focus of many studies, their spread has not yet been investigated in French pig herds and slaughterhouses at a regional scale. Here, we characterized the genomic diversity of 188
Salmonella
strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 19 and 34. These strains were isolated from pigs in metropolitan France between 2014 and 2019. Samples were collected from 10 regions, three of which together represent 75% of French pig production in 2020. To contextualize the French
Salmonella
genomes at a worldwide level, 193 ST 34 genomes from three continents and 14 countries were also included. This study revealed little diversity in ST 34 strains circulating in France, suggesting that one or two clones are spreading within pig herds and slaughterhouses.
In silico
virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated to understand the prevalence of these strains among farmed pigs and in the slaughterhouse environment. A comparison with ST 34 isolates from other countries highlighted the genomic specificity of the ST 34 monophasic variants in France, with some exceptions concerning isolates from bordering countries. This work provides new insights into the dynamics of
S
. Typhimurium and its monophasic variant sampled in French pig herds and slaughterhouses.

IMPORTANCE

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of bacterial infection in humans and animals around the world. This study provides a snapshot of the genomic diversity of one of the most prevalent
Salmonella
serovars (
Salmonella
Typhimurium and
Salmonella
4,[5],12:i:-) circulating on French pig farms between 2013 and 2021. We investigated the link between geographical and genomic diversity. The analyses revealed little diversity of the strains, suggesting that one or two clones are spreading within French pig herds. We also
in silico
screened genetic elements that could explain the prevalence of these strains among farmed pigs and in the slaughterhouse environment. Finally, the comparison with isolates from other countries highlighted the genomic specificity of these two French sequence type 34 clones. This work provides new insights into the dynamics of
S
. Typhimurium and
S
. 4,[5],12:i:- sampled from pig herds and slaughterhouses in France, thus laying the foundations for future analyses.
Impact of the elderly lung mucosa on
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
transcriptional adaptation during infection of alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Olmo-Fontánez Angélica M. , Allué-Guardia Anna , Garcia-Vilanova Andreu , Glenn Jeremy , Wang Shu-Hua , Merritt Robert E. , Schlesinger Larry S. , Turner Joanne , Wang Yufeng , Torrelles Jordi B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. Upon infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M.tb
) is deposited in the alveoli and encounters the lung mucosa or alveolar lining fluid (ALF). We previously showed that, as we age, ALF presents a higher degree of oxidation and inflammatory mediators, which favors
M.tb
replication in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (ATs). Here, we define the transcriptional profile of
M.tb
when exposed to healthy ALF from adult (A-ALF) or elderly (E-ALF) humans before and during infection of ATs. Prior to infection,
M.tb
exposure to E-ALF upregulated genes essential for bacterial host adaptation directly involved in
M.tb
pathogenesis. During infection of ATs, E-ALF exposed
M.tb
further upregulated genes involved in its ability to escape into the AT cytosol bypassing critical host defense mechanisms, as well as genes associated with defense against oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate how alterations in human ALF during the aging process can impact the metabolic status of
M.tb
, potentially enabling a greater adaptation and survival within host cells. Importantly, we present the first transcriptomic analysis on the impact of the elderly lung mucosa on
M.tb
pathogenesis during intracellular replication in ATs.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. Upon infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M.tb
) is deposited in the alveoli and comes in contact with the alveolar lining fluid (ALF). We previously showed that elderly ALF favors
M.tb
replication in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (ATs). Here we define the transcriptional profile of when exposed to healthy ALF from adult (A-ALF) or elderly (E-ALF) humans before and during infection of ATs. Prior to infection, exposure to E-ALF upregulates genes essential for bacterial host adaptation and pathogenesis. During infection of ATs, E-ALF further upregulates
M.tb
genes involved in its ability to escape into the AT cytosol, as well as genes for defense against oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate how alterations in human ALF during the aging process can impact the metabolic status of
M.tb
, potentially enabling a greater adaptation and survival within host cells.
Delivery room dextrose gel for preterm hypoglycaemia (the GEHPPI study): a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: King Graham , Sloan Julie , Duddy Peter , O'Sullivan Anne , Ó Catháin Niamh , Miletin Jan , Dempsey Sharon , Moore Shirley , Purna Jyothsna R , McDermott Christine , Moran Margaret , James Jean , Letshwiti Johannes Buca , Tabery Kryštof , Kubátová Aneta , Janota Jan , Kelleher John 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveEarly hypoglycaemia at the time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission is common in very/extreme preterm infants. This study aimed to determine whether buccal dextrose gel in the delivery room (DR) would improve rates of early hypoglycaemia in this population.DesignRandomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial.SettingFour level-3 and one level-2 neonatal units.PatientsInborn infants≤32+0 weeks gestational age (GA).InterventionsInfants were randomised to 40% dextrose or placebo gel in the DR (≤29+0 GA: 0.5 mL gel, ≥29+1 GA: 1 mL gel).Main outcome measureHypoglycaemia (<1.8 mmol/L) measured at the time of first intravenous access at NICU admission.ResultsBetween November 2020 and August 2022, the recruitment rate was slow (impacted by the requirement for antenatal consent). This fact, coupled with finite research resources, led to a decision to end recruitment early. Data analysis of 169 newborns (33% of target sample size) showed no significant difference in the frequency of the primary outcome between dextrose 24/84 (29%) and placebo 25/85 (29%) groups (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.86; p=0.88). A post-hoc analysis indicated that the trial had a low (47% conditional power) chance of detecting a statistically significant benefit from the intervention (had the target sample been achieved).ConclusionsThis study showed no evidence of benefit of 40% dextrose gel on rates of hypoglycaemia at NICU admission. Management of these vulnerable newborns should continue to focus on vascular access and commencement of dextrose-containing intravenous fluids as early as possible.Trial registration numberNCT04353713.
Experiences and perceptions of acute testicular pain, with a focus on reasons for delayed presentation to hospital: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth , Chaplin Wendy J , Turner Chloe , Johnson Graham D , Blake Holly , Tabner Andrew 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe annual incidence of testicular torsion is approximately 1 in 4000 males under the age of 25. Despite the 97% testicular salvage rate when surgical intervention is within 6 hours of onset, orchidectomy is required in 40% of cases. These comparatively poor outcomes are driven by delays to intervention, the majority of which take place prior to presentation to healthcare. This study synthesises existing evidence to understand factors leading to delayed presentation to hospital in individuals with acute scrotal pain.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed with support from an information scientist. Two authors performed article screening, data extraction and inductive thematic synthesis independently, with disagreements resolved by discussion at each stage. An assessment of confidence in the review findings was performed using the ConQual approach.ResultsThe search identified 1251 unique articles for screening, with five eligible for inclusion; all included publications were drawn from two PhD projects. Synthesis of these articles revealed five descriptive themes with five subthemes. A lack of knowledge and education about testicular health, embarrassment and reliance on others for access to healthcare are major factors leading to delays in presentation. Societal and cultural impacts on health-seeking behaviour and denial were also causes of delayed presentation to healthcare.DiscussionA lack of knowledge about testicular anatomy and health among both adults and children is amenable to improvement through education, and would likely impact many of the factors identified as contributory to delays. Communication was an overarching factor connecting the descriptive themes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023469435.