bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proyecto educativo como fundamento para pensar la subjetividad política desde la cultura escolar
Authors: Mosquera Mosquera Carlos Enrique , Rodriguez Lozano María Nelsy 
Published: June 2018

Para hablar del Proyecto Educativo Institucional y la formación de la subjetividad política en el marco de los procesos formativos es necesario centrarse en tres categorías de análisis: desde las prácticas pedagógicas, donde se exige que estas sean contextualizadas y rompan las fronteras de la profesionalización, la mera instrucción, la enseñanza sin sentido, la homogenización y la manía de la evaluación; desde el diálogo entre el macro-currículo y el micro-currículo, donde se recomienda la aceptación de la diversidad epistemológica y procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje rizomáticos, donde las práctica pedagógicas tienden a darle respuesta a diferentes problemáticas que invaden la escuela.
Strategies for Continued Successful Treatment in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Switching Between Pharmacological Agents
Authors: Blesa Rafael , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Ueda Kengo , Knox Sean , Grossberg George 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized
by a progressive decline in cognition and function. Current treatment options for AD include the
cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, as well as the N-methyl-Daspartate
receptor antagonist memantine. Treatment guidelines recommend the use of ChEIs as the
standard of care first-line therapy. Several randomized clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of
ChEIs on cognition, global function, behavior and activities of daily living. However, patients may fail
to achieve sustained clinical benefits from ChEIs due to lack/loss of efficacy and/or safety, tolerability
issues, and poor adherence to the treatment. The purpose of this review is to explore the strategies for
continued successful treatment in patients with AD.

Methods:
Literature search was performed for articles published in PubMed and MEDLINE, using prespecified
search terms. Articles were critically evaluated for inclusion based on their titles, abstracts, and
full text of the publication.

Results and Conclusion:
The findings of this review indicate that dose up-titration and switching between
ChEIs may help to improve response to ChEI treatment and also address issues such as lack/loss
of efficacy or safety/tolerability in patients with AD. However, well-designed studies are needed to provide
robust evidence.
Tau Positive Neurons Show Marked Mitochondrial Loss and Nuclear Degradation in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wee Melissa , Chegini Fariba , Power John H.T. , Majd Shohreh 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology consists of intraneuronal neurofibrillary
tangles, made of hyperphosphorylated tau and extracellular accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) in Aβ
plaques. There is an extensive debate as to which pathology initiates and is responsible for cellular loss
in AD.

Methods:
Using confocal and light microscopy, post mortem brains from control and AD cases, an antibody
to SOD2 as a marker for mitochondria and an antibody to all forms of tau, we analyzed mitochondrial
density in tau positive neurons along with nuclear degradation by calculating the raw integrative
density.

Results:
Our findings showed an extensive staining of aggregated tau in cell bodies, dystrophic neurites
and neurofilaments in AD with minimal staining in control tissue, along with a marked decrease in mitochondria
in tau positive (tau+) neurons. The control or tau negative (tau-) neurons in AD contained an
even distribution of mitochondria, which was greatly diminished in tau+ neurons by 40%. There were no
significant differences between control and tau- neurons in AD. Tau+ neurons showed marked nuclear
degradation which appeared to progress with the extent of tau aggregation. The aggregated tau infiltrated
and appeared to break the nuclear envelope with progressively more DNA exiting the nucleus and
associating with the aggregated intracellular tau.

Conclusion:
We report that the mitochondrial decrease is likely due to a decrease in the protein synthesis
rather than a redistribution of mitochondria because of the decreased axonal transport. We suggest
that the decrease in mitochondria and nuclear degradation are key mechanisms for the neuronal loss seen
in AD.
Thermostabilization of BSA in TMAO Water Mixtures by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Adamo Arianna , Calabrò Emanuele , Magazù Salvatore 
Published: June 2018

Background:Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) is a small organic molecule derived from the metabolism of L-carnitine and choline after ingestion of animal food. TMAO has many functions such as electron acceptor, an osmolyte, stabilizer of macromolecules folding. It seems that TMAO plays an important role in nature but, in humans, it is a remnant of the evolution of the osmolyte system.Objective:The present paper is addressed on the study of thermal stability of hydrated Bovine Serum Albumins (BSA) in the presence of water and TMAO water solution by means of InfraRed spectroscopy. In particular, this work has investigated the protein amide I spectral regions, which is sensitive to protein secondary structure, and the intramolecular OH stretching region.Methods:The analysis has been performed by different approaches, namely by evaluating the Thermal Spectral Distance (SDT), the spectral shift (&#916;&#969;), the spectral Fractal Dimension (FD) and the Wavelet Cross Correlation temperature variation (&#916;TCXWT).Results:The obtained results revealed for BSA in TMAO, in respect to BSA, smaller values of SDT, &#916;&#969;, FD and &#916;TCXWT. Furthermore, the SDT, &#916;&#969; and &#916;TCXWT temperature trends to follow sigmoid trends that have been modeled by means of logistic functions; in all the above three cases BSA in TMAO shows a higher value of the inflection point temperature.Conclusion:These results can be interpreted by hypothesizing that TMAO influences the hydrogen bond network of water. In particular, the strengthening of the network intermolecular O-H interactions reduces the protein dynamic fluctuations and in turn leads to the stabilization of the protein tertiary structure.
Current Trends in Phyto-cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Vohra K. , Dureja H. , Garg V. , Dutt R. 
Published: June 2018

Background:Cancer has been considered as a deadly disease and its appropriate management is still a global challenge. The traditional anticancer therapeutics have been able to combat the disease to some extent but with numerous adverse effects which affect the quality of life of patients.Method:The introduction of alternative medicines, especially herbal medicines, has attracted the scientists’ due to low toxicity and high efficacy associated with them. However, their poor solubility and bioavailability decrease their efficacy. This has led to the increased use of targeted drug delivery systems in phyto-cancer therapy.Results:Nanoparticles (NPs), a novel drug delivery system has been widely used in the recent years due to their various advantages such as drug targeting, improved solubility, and bioavailability, high efficacy, low toxicity towards normal cells, low drug resistance, high drug loading at tumor site, etc.Conclusion:These benefits have also been observed in studies evaluating phytonanotherapy in cancer. The present review highlights current trends followed by phyto-cancer therapy using NPs. The recent studies conducted on herbal NPs for cancer therapy have also been enlisted.
Enhanced Release Kinetics and Stability of Resveratrol Loaded Self Nanoemulsifying Delivery Systems Developed using Experimental Design
Authors: Sharma Monika , Garg Rajeev , Sardana Satish 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Resveratrol is a member of the stilbene family emerged as a
leading candidate for improving healthspan through potentially slowing the aging process
and preventing chronic diseases. A number of institutions and scientists specialized in
this field across the world are working to develop a promising Self Emulsifying formulation
to enhance bioavailability of hydrophobic resveratrol using oil.

Objective:
The objective of the current study is to develop self-nano emulsifying drug
delivery systems using long-chain triglycerides of resveratrol to enhance solubility, stability,
release kinetics and to overcome low bioavailability.

Methods:
Solubility studies performed in different lipids, surfactants and cosurfactants.
Phase diagrams constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion. SNEDDS formulation
was optimized using 33 central composite design considering lipid (X1), surfactant (X2)
and co-surfactant (X3) as critical variables, optimized formulation was located using overlay
plot.

Results:
The nanometer size and high values of zeta potential depicted non-coalescent nature
of SNEDDS. The resulted SNEDDS formulation had improved in vitro release followed
by Hixson Crowell model with higher regression R2value 0. 929. Thermodynamic
stability studies ascertained stable formulation. Mean droplet size in selected nanocarrier
was found to be 83.29 nm. The nanocarriers subjected to 2-8°C (45% RH), 25-30°C (60%
RH) and 45-50°C (75% RH) in glass vials exhibited no significant changes in 3 months.

Conclusion:
The novel approach was developed by selecting optimum blends of lipids,
surfactants and cosurfactant using central composite design. This study not only offers a
good example of augmenting bioavailability of resveratrol but will also provide a promising
oral formulation for clinical application.
Neoplasms Reported With Liraglutide or Placebo in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the LEADER Randomized Trial
Authors: Nauck Michael A. , Jensen Thomas Jon , Rosenkilde Carina , Calanna Salvatore , Buse John B. ,   the LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
This study explored neoplasm risk with liraglutide versus placebo in the LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results) cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
LEADER (NCT01179048) was an international, phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Participants aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were assigned 1:1 to receive liraglutide (≤1.8 mg daily; n = 4,668) or placebo (n = 4,672) in addition to standard care and monitored for 3.5–5 years (median follow-up 3.8 years). The occurrence of neoplasms was a prespecified, exploratory secondary end point. Post hoc analyses of the time to the first confirmed neoplasms were conducted using a Cox regression model.

RESULTS
Neoplasm was confirmed in 10.1% of patients with liraglutide versus 9.0% with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12 [95% CI 0.99; 1.28]). The HR (95% CI) for liraglutide versus placebo was 1.06 (0.90; 1.25) for malignant neoplasms and 1.16 (0.93; 1.44) for benign neoplasms. Sensitivity analyses excluding neoplasms occurring &lt;1 year or &lt;2 years after randomization and analyses by sex provided similar results. In our main analyses, the 95% CI for the HR included one for all malignant neoplasms evaluated (including pancreatic and thyroid neoplasms) except for prostate neoplasms, which occurred in fewer liraglutide-treated patients.

CONCLUSIONS
LEADER was not primarily designed to assess neoplasm risk. Firm conclusions cannot be made regarding numeric imbalances observed for individual neoplasm types (e.g., pancreatic cancer) that occurred infrequently. LEADER data do, however, exclude a major increase in the risk of total malignant neoplasms with liraglutide versus placebo. Additional studies are needed to assess longer-term exposure.
A Study on the Oxygen Percent and the Crystalline Structure of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Parhizgar Sara Sadat , Sibouyeh S. 
Published: June 2018

In this paper silver nanoparticles (NPs) which are synthesized by a simple plasma arc discharge method, that is a kind of electrochemical methods, are examined. The method is very simple and silver NPs are obtained very fast by means of two polished silver plates and electrochemical cell. The effects of changing some terms of the experiment including using Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), temperature and the medium of experiment on oxygen percent and crystalline structure of silver NPs have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometery, and X-ray diffraction. Water medium gets larger nanoparticles with less oxygen content compare to air medium. The size of synthesized nanoparticles become smaller and they also become more spherical by using H2O2 in air medium. In water medium, the size and concentration of the silver crystallite increase by temperature growth and adding H2O2 respectively.
Retrospection of the effect of hydroxyurea treatment in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Verma Henu Kumar , Lakkakula Saikrishna , Lakkakula Bhaskar V.K.S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the inherited hemoglobin disorders with substantial morbidity and early mortality. Hydroxyurea is the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication that has emerged as the primary disease-modifying therapy for SCA. Our purpose is to summarize the available evidence regarding the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of hydroxyurea therapy for the treatment of SCA. The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched from their starting dates to May 31, 2016. Databases were searched using the following terms: sickle cell, hydroxyurea, nitric oxide, dosing, therapeutic, and safety monitoring. Hydroxyurea therapy may cause severe myelosuppression when used in patients with SCA. SCA patients are initially treated with hydroxyurea at 10 or 20 mg/kg, and then the dose- is escalated to mild myelosuppression using a standardized regimen. Routine blood monitoring should be performed while the patient receives hydroxyurea treatment. Hydroxyurea can increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level and ameliorate some of the vascular symptoms in patients with SCA. Hydroxyurea therapy may help to avoid frequent hospitalizations, especially in patients with vaso-occlusive crisis. Taken together, available evidence suggests that hydroxyurea represents an inexpensive and effective treatment option that should be offered to patients with SCA.
Study of CD25 expression on leukemic cells: a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hassab Amina H , Nafea Dalia A , Swelem Rania S , Ghazal Basma M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by a clonal expansion of myeloid blasts. Treatment strategies of patients with AML are based on various prognostic factors, including age and performance status of the patient, as well as cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of the leukemic clone.Our aim was to study the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)25 in adult Egyptian patients with newly diagnosed AML and to assess its prognostic relevance.MethodsThis study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed AML patients at the Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Alexandria Main University Hospital. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, and laboratory investigations, including detection of CD25 expression on blast cells by flow cytometry. Conventional karyotyping was done on 11 patients at the time of diagnosis.ResultsIn our study group, 12 patients were positive for CD25 expression, and this positivity was associated with worse overall survival and shorter leukemia-free survival. On evaluating the response to treatment among CD25-positive AML patients with normal karyotype, they had lower complete remission rates and higher relapse and death rates.ConclusionsExpression of CD25 in AML patients at presentation can be considered a poor independent prognostic factor.
Synchronous Presentation of Two Extranodal Lymphomas: Follicular Lymphoma and Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALToma)
Authors: Dere Yelda , Karakuş Volkan , Dere Özcan , Özsan Nazan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSynchronous malignancies are rare conditions in oncology practices, generally seen as solid tumors with hematological neoplasms. However, occurrence of two different hematological malignancies in the same patient is extremely rare. Two primary malignancies should be considered especially in patients with extraordinary presentations and treatment resistance.
Sustaining Freedom and Second Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Brazil and Cuba
Authors: Morrison Karen Y. 
Published: June 2018

This essay reviews the following works:Freedom from Liberation: Slavery, Sentiment, and Literature in Cuba. By Gerard Aching. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 241. $48.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780253016935.Slavery and Politics: Brazil and Cuba, 1790–1850. By Rafael Marquese, Tâmis Peixoto Parron, and Márcia Regina Berbel. Translated by Leonardo Marques. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2016. Pp. 1 + 351. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826356482.Divining Slavery and Freedom: The Story of Domingos Sodré, an African Priest in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. By João José Reis. Translated by H. Sabrina Gledhill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 351. $32.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107439092.Ever Faithful: Race, Loyalty, and the Ends of Empire in Spanish Cuba. By David Sartorius. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. vi + 312. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822355939.The Politics of the Second Slavery. Edited by Dale W. Tomich. Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science. Ithaca: State University New York Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 280. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781438462363.
A inserção de critérios privados na política educacional de gestão do sistema de ensino no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (2007-2013)
Authors: Alves Andressa Gomes de Rezende 
Published: June 2018

O trabalho analisa como se configuram a inserção de critérios privados no âmbito das políticas educacionais de gestão do sistema de ensino materializadas pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso do Sul (SED/MS) no período de 2007 a 2013. Trabalhou-se com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Constatou-se a substituição da gestão democrática por outra lógica de gestão pautada por objetivos em escala organizacional com vistas à Qualidade Total da educação. Assim, a SED/MS buscou se adequar ao modelo gerencial, que tem como base o princípio da eficiência, com ênfase nos resultados, mediante a operacionalização da proposta “Educação para o Sucesso”. Tal proposta alterou, por exemplo, os processos para o provimento de cargo de diretor da escola, à medida que institui sistemas avaliativos por meio de certificação ocupacional como instrumento de meritocracia e competição para a função de diretor das escolas estaduais.
Percepção dos professores supervisores do PIBID sobre as contribuições e desafios do programa
Authors: Martins Leonardo Tavares , Azevedo Fabianna Evangelista , Carvalho Esaú Dos Santos , Santos Joatan Silvério da Silva , Júnior José Carlos Rodrigues , Oliveira Natália Cristina de 
Published: June 2018

A formação dos professores nos cursos de licenciatura no Brasil é um desafio para as políticas educacionais, mesmos após as propostas e reformas curriculares dos anos 1990. Como forma de antecipar o vínculo do docente com a profissão foi criado o PIBID, um programa de bolsas de iniciação à docência que tem como objetivo favorecer a inserção dos alunos das licenciaturas no ambiente escolar, permitindo a articulação entre a educação superior e as escolas do sistema público de educação básica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção dos professores supervisores do PIBID acerca das contribuições e desafios do programa para a formação de professores e para a escola pública. Foi aplicado um questionário aberto e os dados foram analisados qualitativamente por meio da análise de discurso. Dentre as contribuições, os supervisores destacaram o crescimento pessoal e profissional dos bolsistas, que vivenciam a realidade das salas de aula, ajudando-os a afirmar sua escolha profissional e preparando-os para a docência. Entre os desafios, é citado o desenvolvimento de estratégias e métodos para a condução da sala de aula. Conclui-se que o PIBID aproxima a universidade da escola pública na busca pela solução de problemas e parceria no desenvolvimento de projetos.
GUILHERME DE LA PENHA - UM CIENTISTA MULTIFACETADO
Authors: Couto Ana Paula Nascimento , Lima Lucas Antônio Mendes de , Chaquiam Miguel 
Published: June 2018

Após pesquisa documental realizada em Belém do Pará, retratamos alguns passos do cientista paraense Guilherme Maurício Souza Marcos de La Penha, considerado por alguns como um dos maiores geradores e gerenciadores da ciência no Brasil. Nosso objetivo foi de reescrever a história de vida, formação acadêmica, atuação profissional e produção intelectual do multifacetado cientista paraense Guilherme de La Penha tendo em vista a divulgação de seus trabalhos no meio acadêmico e sociedade em geral. Citamos como suporte teórico os artigos aprovados em encontros nacionais e internacionais, também partes integrantes da tese de Miguel Chaquiam (2012), que completam os traços biográficos de Guilherme de La Penha. Apresentamos traços de Guilherme de La Penha, dentre eles biográficos e acadêmicos, iniciados em Belém do Pará, visando à construção de um perfil e a caracterização das diversas faces. Para tanto, percorremos parte da sua produção científica, os cargos de gestão por ele ocupados e, em especial, os textos escritos em comemoração ao bicentenário de morte do matemático Leonhard Euler. Os resultados desta pesquisa proporcionaram uma ampliação e consolidação das diversas faces de La Penha de modo que pudéssemos revelar as produções acadêmicas que, de certa forma, não se tornaram tão conhecidas ou divulgadas nos meios acadêmico e científico, com vista a torná-las públicas e acessíveis, assim como, retirá-lo do anonimato em que se encontra. Em decorrência deste trabalho é possível perceber a importância de se divulgar as obras desse e de outros cientistas que fazem parte da nossa história, bem como, preservar registros históricos e arquivos particulares de homens cujas biografias completam a história do nosso país.