bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of exercise on psychological burden in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Tonorezos Emily S. , Ford Jennifer S. , Wang Linwei , Ness Kirsten K. , Yasui Yutaka , Leisenring Wendy , Sklar Charles A. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Nathan Paul C. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Krull Kevin , Jones Lee W. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors are at risk for adverse psychological outcomes. Whether exercise can attenuate this risk is unknown.MethodsIn total, 6199 participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age, 34.3 years [range, 22.0‐54.0 years]; median age at diagnosis, 10.0 years [range, 0‐21.0 years]) completed a questionnaire assessing vigorous exercise and medical/psychological conditions. Outcomes were evaluated a median of 7.8 years (range, 0.1‐10.0 years) later and were defined as: symptom level above the 90th percentile of population norms for depression, anxiety, or somatization on the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18; cancer‐related pain; cognitive impairment using a validated self‐report neurocognitive questionnaire; or poor health‐related quality of life. Log‐binomial regression estimated associations between exercise (metabolic equivalent [MET]‐hours per week−1) and outcomes adjusting for cancer diagnosis, treatment, demographics, and baseline conditions.ResultsThe prevalence of depression at follow‐up was 11.4% (95% CI, 10.6%‐12.3%), anxiety 7.4% (95% CI, 6.7%‐8.2%) and somatization 13.9% (95% CI, 13.0%‐14.9%). Vigorous exercise was associated with lower prevalence of depression and somatization. The adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.72‐1.05) for 3 to 6 MET hours per week−1, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62‐0.94) for 9 to 12 MET‐hours per week−1, and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58‐0.95) for 15 to 21 MET‐hours per week−1. Compared with 0 MET hours per week−1, 15 to 21 MET‐hours per week−1 were associated with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62‐1.00) for somatization. Vigorous exercise also was associated with less impairment in the physical functioning, general health and vitality (Ptrend < .001), emotional role limitations (Ptrend = .02), and mental health (Ptrend = .02) domains as well as higher cognitive function in the domains of task completion, organization, and working memory (P < .05 for all), but not in the domain of cancer pain.ConclusionsVigorous exercise is associated with less psychological burden and cognitive impairment in childhood cancer survivors.
Molecular Electronics: From Single‐Molecule to Large‐Area Devices
Authors: Vuillaume Dominique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on conductance measurements on molecular junctions containing few tens of molecules, which are carried out by using two approaches: 1) conducting atomic force microscopy to study self‐assembled monolayers on metal surfaces, and 2) tiny molecular junctions made of metal nanodots (diameter <10 nm), covered by fewer than 100 molecules and studied by conducting atomic force microscopy. In particular, this latter approach has new results to be obtained, or to previous results to be revisited which are reviewed here: 1) how the electron‐transport properties of molecular junctions are modified by mechanical constraint, 2) the role of intermolecular interactions on the shape of conductance histograms of molecular junctions, and 3) the demonstration that a molecular diode can operate in the microwave regime up to 18 GHz.
Excited‐State Topology Modifications of the Dihydroazulene Photoswitch Through Aromaticity
Authors: Skov Anders B. , Ree Nicolai , Gertsen Anders S. , Chabera Pavel , Uhlig Jens , Lissau Jonas S. , Nucci Luigi , Pullerits Tõnu , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Sølling Theis I. , Hansen Thorsten 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe gain and loss of aromaticity plays a key role in organic chemistry and in the prediction of rate‐determining steps. Herein, we explore the concept of aromaticity in photoisomerization reactions. Benzannulated derivatives of the dihydroazulene‐vinylheptafulvene (DHA‐VHF) photoswitch were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory to elucidate the effect of built‐in aromaticity on the switching properties. We found that benzannulation hampered the switching ability by enhancing an already existing barrier on the excited state surface. This enhancement was found to arise from a significant loss of aromaticity in the DHA‐to‐VHF transition state on the excited state potential energy surface. The VHF was found to be highly aromatic on the excited state surface, showing a reversal of aromaticity compared to the ground state. The barrier was found to be dependent on the position of benzannulation, since one derivative was found to switch as fast as the non‐benzannulated molecule although with lower efficiency, whereas another derivative completely lost the ability to undergo reversible photoswitching. The findings herein provide novel principles for the design of molecular photoswitches, shedding new light on excited state aromaticity, as previous discussions have mainly considered excited state aromaticity to be beneficial to switching. Our findings show that this view must be reconsidered.
Recent insights on the role and regulation of retinoic acid signaling during epicardial development
Authors: Wang Suya , Moise Alexander R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors (RAR)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs) heterodimers to induce the expression of genes that control cell fate specification, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in retinoic acid levels are often associated with congenital heart defects. Therefore, embryonic levels of retinoic acid need to be carefully regulated through the activity of enzymes, binding proteins and transporters involved in vitamin A metabolism. Here, we review evidence of the complex mechanisms that control the fetal uptake and synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A precursors. Next, we highlight recent evidence of the role of retinoic acid in orchestrating myocardial compact zone growth and coronary vascular development.
Phenotypic effects of the Y chromosome are variable and structured in hybrids among house mouse recombinant lines
Authors: Martincová Iva , Ďureje Ľudovít , Kreisinger Jakub , Macholán Miloš , Piálek Jaroslav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHybrid zones between divergent populations sieve genomes into blocks that introgress across the zone, and blocks that do not, depending on selection between interacting genes. Consistent with Haldane's rule, the Y chromosome has been considered counterselected and hence not to introgress across the European house mouse hybrid zone. However, recent studies detected massive invasion of M. m. musculus Y chromosomes into M. m. domesticus territory. To understand mechanisms facilitating Y spread, we created 31 recombinant lines from eight wild‐derived strains representing four localities within the two mouse subspecies. These lines were reciprocally crossed and resulting F1 hybrid males scored for five phenotypic traits associated with male fitness. Molecular analyses of 51 Y‐linked SNPs attributed ~50% of genetic variation to differences between the subspecies and 8% to differentiation within both taxa. A striking proportion, 21% (frequencies of sperm head abnormalities) and 42% (frequencies of sperm tail dissociations), of phenotypic variation was explained by geographic Y chromosome variants. Our crossing design allowed this explanatory power to be examined across a hierarchical scale from subspecific to local intrastrain effects. We found that divergence and variation were expressed diversely in different phenotypic traits and varied across the whole hierarchical scale. This finding adds another dimension of complexity to studies of Y introgression not only across the house mouse hybrid zone but potentially also in other contact zones.
Replanting of first‐cycle oil palm results in a second wave of biodiversity loss
Authors: Ashton‐Butt Adham , Willcock Simon , Purnomo Dedi , Suhardi  , Aryawan Anak A. K. , Wahyuningsih Resti , Naim Mohammad , Poppy Guy M. , Caliman Jean‐Pierre , Peh Kelvin S.‐H. , Snaddon Jake L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Conversion of forest to oil palm plantations results in a significant loss of biodiversity. Despite this, first‐cycle oil palm plantations can sustain relatively high biodiversity compared to other crops. However, the long‐term effects of oil palm agriculture on flora and fauna are unknown. Oil palm has a 25‐year commercial lifespan before it must be replanted, due to reduced productivity and difficulty of harvesting. Loss of the complex vegetation structure of oil palm plantations during the replanting process will likely have impacts on the ecosystem at a local and landscape scale. However, the effect of replanting on biodiversity is poorly understood.

Here, we investigate the effects of replanting oil palm on soil macrofauna communities. We assessed ordinal richness, abundance, and community composition of soil macrofauna in first‐ (25‐ to 27‐year‐old) and second‐cycle oil palm (freshly cleared, 1‐year‐old, 3‐year‐old, and 7‐year‐old mature).

Macrofauna abundance and richness drastically declined immediately after replanting. Macrofauna richness showed some recovery 7 years after replanting, but was still 19% lower than first‐cycle oil palm. Macrofauna abundance recovered to similar levels to that of first‐cycle oil palm plantations, 1 year after replanting. This was mainly due to high ant abundance, possibly due to the increased understory vegetation as herbicides are not used at this age. However, there were subsequent declines in macrofauna abundance 3 and 7 years after replanting, resulting in a 59% drop in macrofauna abundance compared to first‐cycle levels. Furthermore, soil macrofauna community composition in all ages of second‐cycle oil palm was different to first‐cycle plantations, with decomposers suffering particular declines.

After considerable biodiversity loss due to forest conversion for oil palm, belowground invertebrate communities suffer a second wave of biodiversity loss due to replanting. This is likely to have serious implications for soil invertebrate diversity and agricultural sustainability in oil palm landscapes, due to the vital ecosystem functions that soil macrofauna provide.
Study on biochemical divergences of the meat and egg of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Nguyen Thi Mong Tho , Chen Tai‐Yuan , Shiau Chyuan‐Yuan , Cheng Ying‐Tzu , Chang Yu‐Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAquaculture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is an important fishery sector in Asian countries. The biochemical characteristics including proximate compositions and taste components of cultured freshwater prawns were analyzed for different gender and their egg. Freshwater prawns contained moisture ranging from 77.51% to 78.37%, protein with 19.56 to 19.91%, and low levels of lipid and ash around 0.2 and 1%, respectively. The moisture and protein contents of egg samples (72.82 and 15.61%, respectively) were lower than meat samples, whereas for the lipid content, it was otherwise significantly higher than the meat samples. The male and female meat samples of freshwater prawns were rich in free amino acids (FAAs), namely 1756 to 1725 mg/100 g with arginine, proline, glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and taurine being the predominant compounds. On the contrary, the FAA amount of egg (590 mg/100 g) was remarkably lower than meat samples. The ATP‐related compounds in freshwater prawn meat ranged from 8.26 to 8.80 μmole/g, majorly composed of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and inosine 5’‐monophosphate (IMP). The ATP‐related values in egg sample (28.33 μmole/g) were significantly higher with IMP (18.48 μmole/g) and AMP (5.44 μmole/g) being the predominant compounds. The pH values of male and female meats were neutral, whereas this value in egg sample was acidic (6.5). Urea content in egg sample was detected at huge value (58.35 μmole/g), whereas it was not detected in meat samples. These findings have established useful information for product developers to utilize the meat and eggs of freshwater prawns. In addition, the assessment of FAAs, ATP‐related compounds, and quality index (pH and urea content) was also established to give fundamental criteria to evaluate the quality of fresh M. rosenbergii.
Effects of different starter culture combinations on microbial counts and physico‐chemical properties in dry fermented mutton sausages
Authors: Wang Debao , Zhao Lihua , Su Rina , Jin Ye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculation with different mixed starter culture combinations on microbial counts, physico‐chemical properties, and proteolytic and lipolytic properties of dry fermented mutton sausages during fermentation and ripening. Four different batches of mutton sausages were manufactured: CO batch, no starter cultures, used as control; LB batch with Lactobacillus sakei; LS batch with L. sakei + Staphylococcus xylosus; and LSS batch with L. sakei + S. xylosus + Staphylococcus carnosus. The results showed that adding starter culture caused Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus to become dominant bacteria and reduced the Enterobacteriaceae count in the inoculated sausages. The mixed starter cultures (LS & LSS) accelerated acidification and reduced water activity and lipid oxidation. Statistical analysis revealed that the use of mixed starter cultures, especially the combination L. sakei + S. xylosus + S. carnosus, contributed to proteolysis and lipolysis, increasing total free amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The above results demonstrate that the use of mixed starter cultures contributes to improving the composition of free amino acids and free fatty acids as well as the hygienic quality of dry fermented mutton sausages.
Field‐scale well leakage risk assessment using reduced‐order models
Authors: Zulqarnain Muhammad , Zeidouni Mehdi , Hughes Richard G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOil wells that intersect a potential CO2 storage zone in a depleted oil and gas field may provide leakage pathways. It is essential to estimate the field‐scale leakage risk associated with these wells. In this study, a risk‐based approach is used to estimate the risk of leakage. Existing reduced‐order models for well leakage are used to quantitatively estimate well leakage rates for cased‐cemented, cased‐uncemented, and open wellbores. For each existing well that intersects the storage zone, we introduce the well leakage index (WLI), which accounts for wellbore geometry, distance from the injection well, buffer layers between the storage zone and underground sources of drinking water, and the nature of storage zone boundary type. For an initial injection well location, the total site well leakage index (SWLI) is calculated, which is the summation of the WLI for all of the wells. Next, the injector location is varied areally and SWLI is calculated for a specified number of potential injector well locations in the storage zone area. Small values for the SWLI correspond to low well leakage potential, indicating where injection well locations can be considered. The developed criterion provides a means to systemically find the areas with highest and lowest well leakage potential for a storage zone. Due to the reduced order nature of the developed method, it should be a useful tool in the planning and execution phase of the CO2 geological sequestration process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecohydrological modelling with EcH2O‐iso to quantify forest and grassland effects on water partitioning and flux ages
Authors: Douinot Audrey , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Maneta Marco , Kuppel Sylvain , Schulte‐Bisping Hubert , Soulsby Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe used the new process‐based, tracer‐aided ecohydrological model EcH2O‐iso to assess the effects of vegetation cover on water balance partitioning and associated flux ages under temperate deciduous beech forest (F) and grassland (G) at an intensively monitored site in Northern Germany. Unique, multicriteria calibration, based on measured components of energy balance, hydrological function and biomass accumulation, resulted in good simulations reproducing measured soil surface temperatures, soil water content, transpiration, and biomass production. Model results showed the forest “used” more water than the grassland; of 620 mm average annual precipitation, losses were higher through interception (29% under F, 16% for G) and combined soil evaporation and transpiration (59% F, 47% G). Consequently, groundwater (GW) recharge was enhanced under grassland at 37% (~225 mm) of precipitation compared with 12% (~73 mm) for forest. The model tracked the ages of water in different storage compartments and associated fluxes. In shallow soil horizons, the average ages of soil water fluxes and evaporation were similar in both plots (~1.5 months), though transpiration and GW recharge were older under forest (~6 months compared with ~3 months for transpiration, and ~12 months compared with ~10 months for GW). Flux tracking using measured chloride data as a conservative tracer provided independent support for the modelling results, though highlighted effects of uncertainties in forest partitioning of evaporation and transpiration. By tracking storage—flux—age interactions under different land covers, EcH2O‐iso could quantify the effects of vegetation on water partitioning and age distributions. Given the likelihood of drier, warmer summers, such models can help assess the implications of land use for water resource availability to inform debates over building landscape resilience to climate change. Better conceptualization of soil water mixing processes and improved calibration data on leaf area index and root distribution appear obvious respective modelling and data needs for improved simulations.
A tale of two shocks: The dynamics of international real estate markets
Authors: Bekiros Stelios , Dahlström Amanda , Uddin Gazi Salah , Ege Oskar , Jayasekera Ranadeva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine the major potential drivers of five international housing markets utilizing a quantile regression approach. In particular, we investigate property market dynamics during three variant market environments, namely, under downward (bearish), normal (median), and upward (bullish) trending conditions. Monthly data series for the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong are analysed, in an attempt to quantify uncertainty and detect trading patterns for the largest securitized real estate markets. We find that the stock market volatility, measured by the “pushing factor” VIXS&P500, provides agents with the most reliable and efficient information in terms of predicting market returns during bear market conditions, whereas “pulling factors” such as money supply, treasury yields, and unemployment explain the main stylized facts, incorporating contagion and diverse endogenous and exogenous shocks. Our work provides a richer understanding on comovements in house prices, allowing policy makers to anticipate shocks in global markets in a timely manner.
Pharmacist involvement in combating the opioid crisis: A mixed‐methods approach revealing conflicting perceptions
Authors: Blue Heather , Hawthorne Amanda N. , Melgaard Kelsey , Dahly Ashley , Lunos Scott , Palombi Laura 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the opioid crisis has been acknowledged as a public health emergency that requires collaboration and engagement from pharmacists, the perceptions of pharmacists on their role in harm reduction strategies and their views on opioid use have not been well established.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to understand Minnesota pharmacists' attitudes about the profession's role in the opioid crisis, including perceptions on the pharmacist's public health and clinical roles within the crisis, views on the dispensing of naloxone, and attitudes toward harm reduction strategies including syringe access.MethodsThis was a mixed‐method study that utilized an anonymous email survey containing Likert‐type responses which were quantitatively analyzed, as well as open comment boxes evaluated using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methods. Pharmacists with a Minnesota license from all practice settings were invited to participate in the survey.ResultsWhile the majority of participating pharmacists acknowledged a need within their communities to address the opioid epidemic agreeing that the profession should have a role in the community response, including provision of patient education and naloxone distribution, a small number of pharmacists believed that either the epidemic was not pertinent to their practice or pharmacy as a profession should not be involved. Concerns regarding naloxone included lack of support from other health professionals, time constraints in practice, and safety and liability concerns with naloxone.ConclusionConsiderable opportunity for increased pharmacist education on both opioid use disorder and the role of the pharmacist in harm reduction initiatives exists. Pharmacists from a wide variety of clinical practice settings have appreciable potential to influence the opioid crisis by embracing their clinical and public health roles.
Protective effects of S‐carvedilol on doxorubicin‐induced damages to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rats
Authors: Wu Ting , Li Haixin , Lan Qunsheng , Zhao Ze‐an , Cao Ying , Zhou Pingzheng , Wan Shanhe , Zhang Jiajie , Jiang Hong , Zhang Qun , Pang Jianxin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a highly active anticancer drug with severe cytotoxicity, which is strongly associated with oxidative stress. Carvedilol (CAR), used as its racemate with S‐CAR and R‐CAR (1:1), has been previously reported to ameliorate the DOX‐induced cytotoxicity. However, the main contributor from CAR of its protective effects has not been clear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate further the different effects of CAR enantiomers on DOX‐induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rats, respectively. Results indicated that S‐CAR could significantly attenuate DOX‐induced cell death, apoptotic morphological changes, decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress responses by increasing the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and decreasing malondialdehyde contents and reactive oxygen species levels via the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/AKT/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in vitro. Consistent with the in vitro study, the protective effects of S‐CAR on the myocardial tissues and hemodynamics were also detected in rats suffering because of DOX treatment. With the obtained results, we can first conclude that S‐CAR provides superior protection to injury induced by DOX relative to that of racemic CAR and R‐CAR.