bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Triggered Covalent Coupling of Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xia Huawei , Gao Yinjia , Yin Ling , Cheng Xiaju , Wang Anna , Zhao Meng , Ding Jianan , Shi Haibin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractManipulating the cross‐coupling of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to maximize the photothermal effect is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here, by taking advantage of the well‐known tetrazole/alkene photoclick chemistry, we have demonstrated for the first time that small AuNPs (23 nm) decorated with both 2,5‐diphenyltetrazole and methacrylic acid on their surfaces can form covalently crosslinked aggregates upon laser irradiation (λ=405 nm). In vitro studies indicated that the light‐triggered assembling shifted the surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs significantly to near‐infrared (NIR) regions, which as a consequence effectively enhanced the efficacy of photothermal therapy for 4T1 breast cancer cells. We thus believe that this new light‐triggered cross‐coupling approach might offer a valuable tool for cancer treatment.
Varying‐association copula models for multivariate survival data
Authors: Li Hui , Cao Zhiqiang , Yin Guosheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo accommodate possible changes in the correlation structure of multivariate survival data, a class of varying‐association copula models is developed. The proposed model enables the association parameter to vary nonlinearly over an exposure variable, which greatly enhances the flexibility of copula models. A two‐stage estimation procedure is developed to obtain the estimators for the regression and correlation parameters. The first stage estimates the regression parameters based on the marginal proportional hazards model for each event type, and the second stage applies the B‐spline technique to estimate the varying‐association parameter by maximizing the plugged‐in likelihood function. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established, and simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite‐sample performance of our method. A real data example from the Framingham Heart Study is used to illustrate this approach.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 556–576; 2018 © 2018 Société statistique du Canada
Thyroid‐stimulating hormone within the normal range and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Yao Yan , Chen Zhaoran , Fan Siyang , Hua Wei , Zhang Shu , Fan Xiaohan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe association between thyroid‐stimulating‐hormone (TSH) and prognosis of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) in patients with normal thyroid function remains unclear.HypothesisOur aim was to investigate the association between TSH and major adverse cardiovascular events in euthyroid NIDCM patients.MethodsThe original cohort consisted of 216 consecutive euthyroid NIDCM patients, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, who were observed from 2010 to 2013. Patients with persistent ventricular arrhythmia (VA) histories, amiodarone taken for VA prevention, or on heart transplant list within 1 year were excluded. A follow‐up evaluation was performed, and VA events, heart failure (HF) exacerbation/heart transplant, cardiac death, or death from any cause were separately evaluated.ResultsA total of 184 patients were enrolled, and 97.8% (180/184) ultimately received follow‐up evaluations. During the median 4.6‐year follow‐up, 24 VA events, 28 cardiac deaths, 30 all‐cause deaths, 40 HF exacerbations, and 11 heart transplant events occurred. Serum TSH levels showed good predictive efficacies for VA events (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.702, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.629‐0.767), and the risk of VA events increased, according to serum TSH quarters, as determined by Kaplan‐Meier analysis (2.2% vs 13.4% vs 21.0% vs 30.0%, Q1‐Q4, P = 0.011). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that patients at the Q4 level of serum TSH (>2.67 mIU/L) suffered an increased risk of VA events, compared with those at the Q1 level of TSH (hazard ratio [HR] = 15.88, 95% CI: 2.01‐65.15) or those at the other three quarters (HR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.38‐7.26). However, the Q4 TSH level was not associated with other adverse cardiac events.ConclusionAn association between TSH levels and the risk of VA events may exist in euthyroid NIDCM patients.
Utilization of palliative care in patients hospitalized with heart failure: A contemporary national perspective
Authors: Alqahtani Fahad , Balla Sudarshan , Almustafa Ahmad , Sokos George , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDespite advances in therapy, heart failure (HF) patients have significant symptom burden and poor quality of life. However, data on palliative care (PC) utilization in this population are scarce. We sought to assess national trends in PC utilization in patients admitted with acute HF.MethodsAdults hospitalized with HF without acute coronary syndrome were identified in the National inpatient sample. PC was identified using ICD‐9‐CM‐Code V66.7. Trends in PC utilization, its predictors and its association with length‐of‐stay and cost were assessed.ResultsA total of 939 680 HF patients were hospitalized with HF between 2003 and 2014. Of those,1.2% received PC during the hospitalization, with an upward trend in the use of PC over time (0.12% in 2003 to 3.6% in 2014, P < 0.001). Compared with patients who did not receive PC, those who had PC were older (79 ± 12 vs 69 ± 16 years), and had higher prevalence of Caucasian race (73.4% vs 51.8%), coronary disease (45.6% vs 39.3%), chronic renal disease (79.3% vs 42.8%), and pulmonary hypertension (28.3% vs 15.1%) (P < 0.001). In‐hospital mortality (35.2% vs 2.2%), length‐of‐stay (9 ± 13 days vs 6 ± 6, P < 0.001), cost ($19 984 ± 42 922 vs $11 921 ± 18 175), and non‐home discharges (46% vs 19.2%) (P < 0.001) were higher in the PC group. In‐hospital mortality in PC group trended downward over time (69% in 2003 vs 29% in 2014, P < 0.001).ConclusionPC is being utilized in an increasing but overall small number of patients hospitalized with HF. Further research is needed to identify the optimal role and timing of PC in HF patients.
Dosage Considerations for Canakinumab in Children With Periodic Fever Syndromes
Authors: Zhuang Luning , Chen Jianmeng , Yu Jingyu , Marathe Anshu , Sahajwalla Chandra , Borigini Mark , Maynard Janet , Burckart Gilbert J. , Wang Yaning 
Published: November 2018

Periodic fever syndromes are a group of rare diseases with a highly variable onset, yet limited treatment options are available for children at an early age. Canakinumab has been approved to treat patients with cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome, a periodic fever syndrome, and systemic juvenile systemic arthritis, with age cutoffs of 4 years and 2 years, respectively. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved canakinumab, without an age restriction, for the treatment of three conditions of periodic fever syndromes, including familial Mediterranean fever, hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome/mevalonate kinase deficiency, and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome. This review discusses the pharmacokinetic (PK), efficacy, safety, and exposure‐response relationship of canakinumab and provides the rationale for dosage recommendation in children younger than 2 years of age with the three conditions of periodic fever syndromes. The approval of canakinumab for these pediatric patients addresses a critical unmet medical need.
Cortisol secretion moderates the association between mother–infant attachment at 17 months and child behavior at age 5 years
Authors: Nofech‐Mozes Jaclyn , Pereira Jessica , Gonzalez Andrea , Atkinson Leslie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examined infant cortisol secretion as a moderator of the association between mother–infant attachment security at age 17 months and child behavior at age 5 years. A longitudinal community sample of 96 mother–child dyads participated in the strange situation procedure (SSP) at age 17 months. Cortisol was collected at baseline, and at 20 and 40 min post‐SSP. Maternal reports of child behavior were collected at age 5 years. Results revealed that the associations between nonsecure mother–infant attachment and higher total, internalizing, and externalizing behavior were stronger for infants with high cortisol secretion, relative to infants with low cortisol secretion. The model of interaction differed depending on the outcome, with diathesis‐stress explaining variance in total as well as internalizing behavior, and with differential susceptibility explaining variance in externalizing behavior. These findings augment our understanding of risk and resilience to the impact of the early rearing environment on later psychopathology.
Use it or lose it? Effects of age, experience, and disuse on crawling
Authors: Cole Whitney G. , Vereijken Beatrix , Young Jesse W. , Robinson Scott R. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhat happens to early acquired but later abandoned motor skills? To investigate effects of disuse on early‐developing motor skills, we examined crawling in two groups of habitual crawlers (34 6–12‐month‐old infants and five adults with Uner Tan Syndrome) and two groups of rusty crawlers (27 11–12‐year‐old children and 13 college‐aged adults). Habitual crawlers showed striking similarities in gait patterns, limbs supporting the body, and crawling speed, despite dramatic differences in crawling practice, posture, and body size. Habitual crawlers trotted predominantly, whereas rusty crawlers showed a variety of gait patterns. Within sequences, habitual crawlers and children showed more switches in gait patterns than young adults. Children crawled faster and kept fewer limbs on the grounds than the other groups. Old crawling patterns were retained despite disuse, but new ones were also added. Surprisingly, results indicate that nothing was lost with disuse, but some features of crawling were gained or altered.
Understanding the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the Hispanic population living in the United States
Authors: Aguayo‐Mazzucato Cristina , Diaque Paula , Hernandez Sonia , Rosas Silvia , Kostic Aleksandar , Caballero Augusto Enrique 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the Hispanic population in the United States are higher than the national average. This is partly due to sociocultural factors, such as lower income and decreased access to education and health care, as well as a genetic susceptibility to obesity and higher insulin resistance. This review focuses on understanding the Hispanic population living in the United States from a multidisciplinary approach and underlines the importance of cultural, social, and biological factors in determining the increased risk of T2D in this population. An overview of the acute and chronic complications of T2D upon this population is included, which is of paramount importance to understand the toll that diabetes has upon this population, the health system, and society as a whole. Specific interventions directed to the Hispanic populations are needed to prevent and alleviate some of the burdens of T2D. Different prevention strategies based on medications, lifestyle modifications, and educational programmes are discussed herein. Diabetes self‐management education (DSME) is a critical element of care of all people with diabetes and is considered necessary to improve patient outcomes. To be more effective, programmes should take into consideration cultural factors that influence the development and progression of diabetes. These interventions aim to enhance long‐term effects by reducing the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of T2D in the Hispanic population of the United States.
Theories of the multinational firm: A microfoundational perspective
Authors: Kano Liena , Verbeke Alain 
Published: November 2018

Research SummaryWe analyze the six core international business (IB) strategy frameworks highlighted by Forsgren (2013) to identify the explicit or implicit microfoundations embedded therein. We start from two, broad microfoundations, namely bounded rationality and bounded reliability, covering a total of ten microfoundational facets, recently put forward as supposedly essential to any predictive and managerially relevant theory of the firm (Kano and Verbeke, 2015). We show how these various facets, embedded in the conceptual foundations underlying the various theoretical approaches, can be made actionable by articulating them explicitly and by connecting them to firm‐level IB strategy outcomes. We also describe how reflecting on these microfoundational facets and on the likely actionable implications thereof for managerial decision making, allows enhancing these theories’ conceptual power, predictive capacity, and managerial relevance.Managerial SummaryWe analyze the six main theories of the multinational enterprise (MNE), as described in Mats Forsgren's (2013) classic book,Theories of the Multinational Firm. We assess whether individual‐level assumptions about managerial behavior and decision‐making are present in the logic of the theories. We find that each theory builds upon specific micro‐level assumptions, but these assumptions are typically neither articulated, nor linked to MNE strategy decisions, e.g., in the realm of geographic footprint, operating mode selection, interaction with the external environment, internal organization etc. We show how assumptions about human behavior implied in IB theories can be made actionable by spelling these out and connecting them to international strategic choices by MNEs. We also describe how reflecting on micro‐level assumptions can enhance actionable managerial implications of IB theory.
Versatility of cervicofacial flaps: Cervical‐medial cheek flap for reconstruction in cutaneous substance loss of the inner cheek
Authors: Hufschmidt Katharina , Bozec Alexandre , Camuzard Olivier , Clerico Cyril , Berguiga Riadh , Dassonville Olivier , Santini Joseph , Poissonnet Gilles 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPreservation of facial harmony is a major challenge in reconstruction after resection of head and neck skin tumors. For large medial cheek‐skin defects, we used a derived posterior‐based cervicofacial flap, or cervical‐medial cheek flap (CMCF).MethodsWe present a retrospective review of cases treated at a university‐based cancer center. Patient characteristics, surgical technique, and complication rates are described.ResultsEighteen patients were treated between 2014 and 2017 with reconstruction for integumentary cheek defect after skin tumor surgery using CMCF. Mean defect size was 5.7 cm in length and 3.9 cm in width. The main histological subtype was lentigo maligna (33.3%). We report no flap necrosis but 4 minor complications occurred over a mean follow‐up of 14.4 months. At last follow‐up, satisfaction rate was very high (88.9%) with no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionThe CMCF is a promising yet infrequently used option in medial cheek reconstruction, with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Prognostic factors and survival in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal cavity
Authors: Mays Ashley C. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Ferrarotto Renata , Phan Jack , Bell Diana , Silver Natalie , Mulcahy Collin F. , Roberts Dianna , Abdelmeguid Ahmed Salama Ahmed , Fuller Clifton D. , Frank Steven J. , Raza Shaan M. , Kupferman Michael E. , DeMonte Franco , Su Shirley Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOptimal treatment and prognostic factors affecting long‐term survival in patients with sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) have yet to be clearly defined.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients treated with curative intent from 1980‐2015 at MD Anderson Cancer Center.ResultsOne hundred sixty patients met inclusion criteria, including 8 who were treated with radiotherapy alone. Median follow‐up time was 55 months. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 67.0% and 49.0%, respectively. The 10‐year OS and DFS rates were 44.8% and 25.4%, respectively. Factors that portended for poor survival on multivariate analysis were recurrent disease, any solid type histology, epicenter in the sinus cavity, the presence of facial symptoms, or the original disease not treated with surgery. There was no association between surgical margin status or nodal status and survival.ConclusionIn this large cohort of patients with sinonasal ACC with extended follow‐up, long‐term survival is better than reported in prior literature. Future research should target patients with adverse risk factors.
Frequency‐specific noninvasive modulation of memory retrieval and its relationship with hippocampal network connectivity
Authors: Hermiller Molly S. , VanHaerents Stephen , Raij Tommi , Voss Joel L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpisodic memory is thought to rely on interactions of the hippocampus with other regions of the distributed hippocampal‐cortical network (HCN) via interregional activity synchrony in the theta frequency band. We sought to causally test this hypothesis using network‐targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation. Healthy human participants completed four experimental sessions, each involving a different stimulation pattern delivered to the same individualized parietal cortex location of the HCN for all sessions. There were three active stimulation conditions, including continuous theta‐burst stimulation, intermittent theta‐burst stimulation, and beta‐frequency (20‐Hz) repetitive stimulation, and one sham condition. Resting‐state fMRI and episodic memory testing were used to assess the impact of stimulation on hippocampal fMRI connectivity related to retrieval success. We hypothesized that theta‐burst stimulation conditions would most strongly influence hippocampal‐HCN fMRI connectivity and retrieval, given the hypothesized relevance of theta‐band activity for HCN memory function. Continuous theta‐burst stimulation improved item retrieval success relative to sham and relative to beta‐frequency stimulation, whereas intermittent theta‐burst stimulation led to numerical but nonsignificant item retrieval improvement. Mean hippocampal fMRI connectivity did not vary for any stimulation conditions, whereas individual differences in retrieval improvements due to continuous theta‐burst stimulation were associated with corresponding increases in fMRI connectivity between the hippocampus and other HCN locations. No such memory‐related connectivity effects were identified for the other stimulation conditions, indicating that only continuous theta‐burst stimulation affected memory‐related hippocampal‐HCN connectivity. Furthermore, these effects were specific to the targeted HCN, with no significant memory‐related fMRI connectivity effects for two distinct control brain networks. These findings support a causal role for fMRI connectivity of the hippocampus with the HCN in episodic memory retrieval and indicate that contributions of this network to retrieval are particularly sensitive to continuous theta‐burst noninvasive stimulation.
How in silico and QSAR approaches can increase confidence in environmental hazard and risk assessment
Authors: Thomas Paul C , Bicherel Pascal , Bauer Franklin J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In silico methods are typically underrated in the current risk assessment paradigm, as evidenced by the recent document from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) on animal alternatives, in which quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) were practically used only as a last resort. Their primary use is still to provide supporting evidence for read-across strategies or to add credence to experimental results of unknown or limited validity (old studies, studies without good laboratory practices [GLPs], limited information reported, etc.) in hazard assessment, but under the pressure of increasing burdens of testing, industry and regulators alike are at last warming to them. Nevertheless, their true potential for data-gap filling and for resolving sticking points in risk assessment methodology and beyond has yet to be recognized. We postulate that it is possible to go beyond the level of simply increasing confidence to the point of using in silico approaches to accurately predict results that cannot be resolved analytically. For example, under certain conditions it is possible to obtain meaningful results by in silico extrapolation for tests that would be technically impossible to conduct in the laboratory or at least extremely challenging to obtain reliable results. The following and other concepts are explored in this article: the mechanism of action (MechoA) of the substance should be determined, as an aid verifying that the QSAR model is applicable to the substance under review; accurate QSARs should be built with high-quality data that were not only curated but also validated with expert judgment; although a rule of thumb for acute to chronic ratios appears applicable for nonpolar narcotics, it seems unlikely that a “one-value-fits-all” answer exists for other MechoAs; a holistic approach to QSARs can be employed (via reverse engineering) to help validate or invalidate an experimental endpoint value on the basis of multiple experimental studies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:40–50. © 2018 SETAC
Pharmacist‐led medication education groups on an inpatient psychiatric unit—Impact on readmissions and emergency department visits
Authors: Werremeyer Amy , Orr Megan 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe optimal mechanism for delivery of medication education by pharmacists in the inpatient setting is unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of pharmacist‐led patient medication education groups (PMEGs) conducted in an inpatient psychiatry unit and to further delineate factors associated with psychiatric rehospitalization.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 593 individual admissions in which PMEG attenders (n = 298) participated in one or more medication education sessions. The pharmacist leader served as moderator and utilized a motivational interviewing approach. PMEG nonattenders (n = 285) received usual care. Binomial logistic analyses and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with 90‐day and 12‐month psychiatric readmission, 12‐month medical hospitalization, 12‐month emergency department (ED) visits for psychiatric reasons, and time to psychiatric readmission.ResultsAfter controlling for multiple factors, attendance at a single PMEG session was not associated with a reduction in any of the above outcomes. Attendance at two or more PMEG sessions was associated with a reduction in ED visits for psychiatric reasons (P = 0.0433). For each additional diagnosis, odds of a 90‐day psychiatric readmission rose by a factor of 1.4. Patients prescribed antipsychotic or hypnotic medications were 2.4 and 2.5 times, respectively, more likely to experience 90‐day psychiatric readmission. PMEG attendance did not lower the readmission risk for these high risk patients.ConclusionA single PMEG intervention for psychiatric inpatients was not effective in reducing psychiatric readmission, but patients who participated in two or more PMEGs had fewer ED visits than those who attended only one PMEG. Additional research is needed regarding PMEG impacts on medication knowledge and attitude, as well as other potential reasons for psychiatric health care utilization.