bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Easy ways to lose weight with pleasure”
Authors: Betti Daiana , Zanini Claudia , Rubinelli Sara 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Weight-loss efforts have grown more prevalent worldwide. But diets are linked to perception of dissatisfaction,
sacrifice and general reduction of pleasure. This paper examines the hypothesis that commercial diets attract consumers by
presenting argumentation that appeals to and addresses the difficulties experienced while dieting. The objective of this paper is,
therefore, (1) to identify the main promotional strategies in the marketing of commercial diets and (2) to examine if and how the
goal of persuasion prevails over the reasonableness of the advice. This research presented a case-study analysis of 12 commercial
diets popular in the United Kingdom. An analysis of the argumentation in the online marketing of these diets was conducted. The
diets were found to have three distinct features (with or without the endorsement of gurus, with or without the sale of products
and the type of weight-loss method used). The analysis revealed that the most prevalent promotional strategies focused on
characterizing the diet as being effective, healthy, pleasurable, easy and promoted by a prominent nutritional expert.
Additionally, some argumentation structures were observed to contain inconsistent arguments as well as fallacious arguments.
Marketers of commercial diets might appeal to easy ways of losing weight that might be suboptimal to adequately inform consumers’
decision-making. A better focus on information for health promotion is needed to balance the benefits of commercial diets in light
of a realistic view on how to lose weight.
Immersion and emergence in children’s literature
Authors: Stockwell Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Immersion – the sense of attentional involvement and displacement in a fictional world – has been established as an experiential phenomenon in psychology and psycholinguistics, but little focus has been given to the understanding of the nature of the experience itself, especially in relation to literary texts. Most work on immersion as “cognitive flow” has been produced in relation to multimedia settings such as videogames. This chapter draws on naturalistic, non-experimental reader responses to explore the cognitive poetics of literary immersion. In particular, immersion is addressed as an aspect of the developmental literacy of readers, with reference to the different ways that child-readers and adult-readers cast their minds towards fictional characters and emerge emotionally from fictional worlds.
Framing the narrative
Authors: Igl Natalia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Drawing on cognitive linguistic and narratological conceptualisations of “frames” and “framing” (notably Quendler 2008, 2010) and taking up Grishakova’s (2009: 188) notion of frames as “a link between the ‘real-life’ and ‘fictional’ experience”, this chapter aims to elucidate the phenomenon of paratextual framing and in particular the “fictive publisher” frame as a transitional device that can blend fictional storyworlds and extratextual “reality” and thus act as a bridge between the text and the reader. In the context of fantastic literature, this potential of blending can be seen working at its best. By means of an analysis of the multilayered “fictive publisher” frame in the definitive edition of Adelbert von Chamisso’s fantastic Romantic novella The Wonderful History of Peter Schlemihl, the chapter examines the inherent ontological and perspectival ambivalence and shifting capacity of the “fictive publisher” frame. In the course of this, it sheds light on the dynamics of distance and proximity created by the paratextual frame and – in the case of the specific arrangement in Chamisso’s definitive edition – the utilisation of framing strategies and familiarity to appeal to re-readers.
Cognitive grammar and reconstrual
Authors: Harrison Chloe , Nuttall Louise 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the cognitive and experiential processes of re-reading, and their contribution to the conceptualisation of a fictional world. Fictional worlds are experienced dynamically, and often in multiple sittings, separated by varying lengths of time. While the myriad of contextual factors which distinguish sittings makes re-reading a difficult object of study, this aspect of our natural, everyday encounters with texts is worthy of consideration in stylistic discussion. As a first step in this direction, this chapter demonstrates an awareness of multiple readings, and the distinct experiences they represent, as part of a cognitive stylistic account of textual interpretation.
Firstly, a theoretical account of re-reading is outlined in terms of Cognitive Grammar and, in particular, its concept of construal. This account is demonstrated through analysis of the short story “The Freeze-Dried Groom” from Margaret Atwood’s 2014a collection Stone Mattress. Applying Cognitive Grammar's multidimensional model of construal, and a further process of reconstrual, we make specific predictions concerning readers’ experiences of this story’s fictional world on a first- and second-reading, looking in particular at changing conceptualisations of tone, atmosphere and narrative perspective, and the linguistic processing responsible. Based on this analytical case study, we propose a need for further investigation of texts which surprise readers, or which feature a twist or reveal, and the ways in which information is attended to across multiple readings.
Immersive reading and the unnatural text-worlds of “Dead Fish”
Authors: Norledge Jessica 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this chapter I present a Text World Theory analysis of Adam Marek’s emotionally charged dystopian short story, “Dead Fish”, which takes for its focus a possible future world recovering from environmental disaster. Drawing upon naturalistic reader response data in support of my own introspective analysis, I investigate the estranging experience of reading this particular narrative and discuss the readerly process of interpreting its defamiliarising world-building elements. Analytical focus is placed upon the responses of a purpose-built reading group (comprising four postgraduate research students from the University of Sheffield), who compare their conceptualisation of particular entities within the text-world, and reflect upon their understanding of such entities as “unnatural”. Through a combined application of narratological approaches to unnatural narration (Alber and Heinze 2013) and a Text World Theory perspective (Gavins 2007; Werth 1999), I investigate how readers respond to unnatural narration and draw several connections between readerly immersion and the emotional experience of reading unnatural texts.
Bipartite verbs in Japhug and other Trans-Himalayan languages
Authors: Jacques Guillaume 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of bipartite verbs in Japhug and describes related constructions in that language, including compound and serial verbs. Several hypotheses are proposed to account for the genesis of these constructions and the historical relationship between them. Typological comparisons with other languages of the family, including Kiranti and Rawang, are offered to illustrate the specificities of the Japhug constructions.
Anatomy of a grammatical tone
Authors: Tian Mimi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract“Induced Creaky Tone (ICT)” is a grammatical tone in Burmese. It is the result of a process by which Low or High tone is changed into Creaky tone. This alternation is multifunctional, and one of its functions is possessor marking. This paper demonstrates several well-distinguished conditions of different nature and different domain for this tonal alternation. ICT is primarily induced by syntax, varies due to pragmatic factors, occurs only on the shared right boundary of phrases and stem forms, and its phonological condition has a domain stretching to the left boundary of the prosodic word. A comprehensive account of such conditions provides the basis for a grammatical analysis which tests the theoretical options for representing a tonal morpheme in the morpho-syntactic structure of a sentence. It also sheds light on other issues such as the interfaces between phonology and grammar, and between tonal morphology and tonal syntax.
On relative complementizers and relative pronouns
Authors: Poletto Cecilia , Sanfelici Emanuela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the syntactic status ofcheand (il)qual(e) relativizers, i.e. what are standardly referred to as relative complementizers and relative pronouns, in Old and Modern Italian and Italian varieties and proposes a unified analysis for both types of items. It takes into account the ongoing debate regarding the categorial status of relativizers (Kayne 1975,2008,2010;Lehmann 1984;Manzini & Savoia 2003,2011, among many others) and aims at showing that what we call complementizers are not C0heads, as commonly assumed. Instead, we propose that both relative “complementizers” and “pronouns” have the same categorial status, i.e. they arewh-items and are part of the relative clause-internal head.
Finite and non-finite complementation, particles and control in Aromanian, compared to other Romance varieties and Albanian
Authors: Manzini Maria Rita , Savoia Leonardo Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur Aromanian data come from Diviakë, Libofshë and Fier, three locations close to one another in southern Albania, and from Këllez, also in southern Albania. We argue that the impossibility of embedding sentences directly under V-v (Agree Resistance Theorem) leads to the overall shape of complementation in Romance.Section 2, on finite complementizers, shows that Aromanian supports analyses of complementizers as wh- pronouns independently developed for other Romance languages.Section 3elaborates a proposal originally put forth for Albanian, where the subjunctive particle is identical to the Linker – namely that the main role of subjunctive particles is introducing a variable EPP argument, subject to control.Section 4argues that Prepositional introducers of non-finite sentences amount to an obliquization strategy to circumvent Agree Resistance – as does the nominalization (relativization) strategy ofSection 2(and the predication strategy inSection 3).
Speaker-oriented syntax and root clause complementizers
Authors: Cruschina Silvio , Remberger Eva-Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe object of study of this paper is a Romance construction characterized by the presence of the complementizer in root clauses and by an evidential or epistemic meaning (i.e.C-constructions). In these structures, the complementizer is preceded by a functional element that morphologically coincides with an adjective or an adverb. From a morphosyntactic viewpoint, we show that these structures are monoclausal and that the epistemic or evidential item preceding the complementizer has undergone a process of grammaticalization becoming a functional element. As for their use and interpretation, we describe their primary semantic meaning, as well as their pragmatic extensions and functions, which involve subjectification and intersubjectivity. We finally propose a syntactic configuration that can account for C-constructions and their properties in the syntax representation. This configuration involves the assumption of a projection – in fact, a set of projections – above ForceP which encode speaker-oriented and pragmatic features (e.g. evaluative, evidential, epistemic values).
‘What the f**k Is Maturity?’: Young Adulthood, Subjective Maturity and Desistance From Crime
Authors: Coyle Brendan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to the ‘dissection’ of maturation by advancing previously overlooked, subjective aspects of the concept. The article draws upon life story research with 20 young adults in Belfast, Northern Ireland. An analysis of their accounts and narratives highlights the importance of maturity as an adaptive narrative coping mechanism for young adults who are structurally disbarred from achieving normative expressions of adult status. The analysis further explores the relationship between subjective maturity and desistance from crime, indicating the potential risks that a selective criminal justice policy focus on an absence of maturity among 18–25-year-olds may have on young adults coming into contact with the criminal justice system.
The independent and add-on values of radial intima thickness measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy for diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: Xu Mingjun , Zhang Mei , Xu Jinfeng , Zhu Mei , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been widely used to risk stratify and predict coronary artery disease (CAD) despite its significant limitations. To test whether radial artery intima thickness (RIT) is closely associated with atherosclerotic risk factors, and whether RIT has an independent and additive value for diagnosis of CAD.

Methods and results
One hundred and sixteen consecutive CAD patients and 79 age and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. RIT, radial media thickness, radial intima-media thickness, and CIMT were measured with a high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy. Binary logistic regression was used to assess association between CAD and ultrasonic parameters, biochemical biomarkers or traditional risk factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were plotted to compare performances of several diagnostic models. RIT was positively associated with age, systolic blood pressure, statin administration, and hypertension. The independent value of RIT for differentiating CAD was similar to that of CIMT, but the add-on value of RIT to traditional risk factors for detecting CAD was superior to that of CIMT. Moreover, addition of RIT and CIMT to traditional risk factors increased AUC for detecting CAD from 0.724 to 0.867 significantly (P = 0.003).

Conclusion
RIT could detect CAD independently similarly to CIMT. The add-on value of RIT to traditional risk factors for detecting CAD was superior to CIMT and addition of RIT and CIMT to traditional risk factors markedly increased the power to diagnose CAD. Thus, RIT measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy provided a novel approach to non-invasive diagnosis of CAD.
Market adjacency and competing technologies: evidence from the flat panel display industry
Authors: Lehmberg Derek , Dhanaraj Charles , White Rod 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
What determines the emergence of a winner between competing technologies? We examine competition between flat panel display technologies, with the purpose of understanding of how liquid crystal display was able to surpass plasma display panel technology despite the initial lack of a convincing technological or cost advantage, and in the absence of network externalities. We propose an explanation whereby the relative availability of pathways of suitable adjacent applications markets provides differential opportunities for technologies to increase their scope and scale of application incrementally, effecting the speed of development as well as the cost effectiveness of the end products. Our findings suggest that these sets of adjacent application markets available can strongly influence which technologies emerge as winners and which are eventually abandoned.
The Devil is in the Detail: Growth, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in Africa in the Last Two Decades
Authors: Clementi Fabio , Fabiani Michele , Molini Vasco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present paper, starting from evidence of low growth-to-poverty elasticity characterising Africa, purports to identify the distributional changes that limited the pro-poor impact of the last two decades’ growth. Distributional changes that went undetected by standard inequality measures were not showing a clear pattern of inequality on the continent. By applying a new decomposition technique based on a non-parametric method—the ‘relative distribution’—we found a clear distributional pattern affecting almost all analysed countries. Nineteen out twenty four countries experienced a significant increase in polarisation, particularly in the lower tail of the distribution, and this distributional change lowered the pro-poor impact of growth substantially. Without this unfavourable redistribution, poverty could have decreased in these countries by an additional five percentage points.
The Strategic Logic of Ethnoterritorial Competition: Violence against Civilians in Africa's Civil Wars
Authors: Wimmer Andreas , Miner Chris 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article develops and tests a new theory of violence against civilians during civil wars by combining geocoded data on African armed conflicts over the past two decades with a range of other geocoded information. The theory suggests a twofold logic of ethnic targeting aimed to enlarge the territory dominated by one's coethnics in the most effective way. First, rebels and government fighters kill civilians in areas populated in equal shares by their own and their adversary's coethnics because, in such areas, small amounts of violence suffice to tilt the local balance of power in their favor. Second, they target places close to the border between the settlement areas of their own and their adversary's coethnics as this will allow expanding the contiguous area under their control. We do not find empirical support for the three most prominent alternative theories, all of which assume that civilian victimization is independent of the political conflict over which the civil war is fought. Civilians are not more likely to be killed in areas where lootable natural resources can be found, in recently conquered territories where fighters are supposed to eliminate enemy collaborators, or where rebel forces who have established only weak control over their fighters operate.
‘To be or not to be’: Hamlet’s Humanistic Quaestio
Authors: Lim Vanessa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Hamlet’s ‘To be or not to be’ speech has long been the subject of intense scholarly attention. By situating the speech against the backdrop of classical and Renaissance rhetorical theory, this essay demonstrates that there is still much more to be said about it. The speech ostensibly examines a quaestio infinita or a thesis, and follows the rhetorical rule that the right way to do so is by the invocation of commonplaces. This reading of Hamlet’s speech is not only consistent with Shakespeare’s characterization of the university-educated prince, who frequently invokes commonplaces, but also has significant implications for our understanding of the play and Shakespeare’s own practice as a writer. The book that Hamlet is reading could well be his own commonplace collection, and it is perhaps in looking up his entries under the heading of ‘Death’ that Hamlet finds what he needs in order to examine his quaestio.
Safety and Efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA for Treatment of Crow’s Feet Lines in Chinese Subjects
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Gang , Li Chengxin , Mao Cheri , Lei Xiaofang , Lee Elisabeth 
Published: February 2019

Background:
This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of crow’s feet lines (CFL) in Chinese subjects.

Methods:
This 5-month, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 study was conducted in China. Subjects with moderate-to-severe CFL at maximum smile received a single treatment of onabotulinumtoxinA 24 U (total; n = 316) or placebo (n = 101) on day 1. The primary efficacy measure was the proportion of investigator-assessed responders (achieved CFL severity of none or mild at maximum smile using the Facial Wrinkle Scale with Asian Photonumeric Guide at day 30). Additional endpoints included other response definitions (achieving at least 1-grade improvement at maximum smile and at rest using the Facial Wrinkle Scale with Asian Photonumeric Guide at day 30), duration of effect, subject-reported outcomes, and safety.

Results:
All efficacy endpoints were met. At day 30, the proportion of subjects achieving none or mild severity at maximum smile was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in the onabotulinumtoxinA group (63.9%) versus the placebo group (5.0%). The proportion of subjects assessing the change in CFL appearance as much improved/very much improved was also significantly greater with onabotulinumtoxinA than placebo (P < 0.001). Subjects’ self-assessed outcomes were similar to investigator-assessed results. Median duration of effect with onabotulinumtoxinA was ≥5 months using all responder definitions. A low occurrence of treatment-related adverse events was reported, with no new safety findings.

Conclusions:
OnabotulinumtoxinA 24 U was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of CFL in Chinese subjects, with responses maintained over 5 months.
Effect of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for treatment of chronic hepatitis C on patients with psoriasis
Authors: Ismail Waleed A. , Yousef Ayman E. 
Published: February 2019

Aim
Until recently, clinicians caring for patients with psoriasis who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were concerned that treating one condition could exacerbate the other. We evaluated the outcome of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on patients with psoriasis having chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection.

Patients and methods
This was an observational prospective cross-sectional study. It included CHC-naive patients with plaque psoriasis. All patients received sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir once daily for 12 weeks for treatment of CHC. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores and the dermatology quality-of-life index were evaluated at the start of treatment with DAAs and then at 12 and 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment. The primary end point was sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).

Results
A total of 34 CHC-naive patients were enrolled in this study. Most of them were of male sex (76.5%), and most of them had severe psoriasis, as the mean PASI score was 32. The primary and secondary end points (SVR12 and SVR24) for our patients were 100%. Regarding PASI and dermatology quality-of-life index scores, there was a highly significant difference before start of treatment and after treatment at 12 and 24 weeks. The most common adverse events are fatigue and headache.

Conclusion
Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir is effective in the eradication of HCV and improvement of symptoms in patients with psoriasis having CHC infection. Future large series studies are needed to evaluate this promising effect of DAAs.
Horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungal isolate INRS-242 of Beauveria bassiana in emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire
Authors: Srei Narin , Lavallée Robert , Guertin Claude 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive and destructive beetle that causes extensive damages to ash trees in North America. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is considered as an effective biological control agent for EAB adult populations. Using an assisted autodissemination with the fungal isolate INRS-242 of B. bassiana, our research aims to investigate the possibility of horizontal transmission of the fungal disease from infected to uninfected EAB adults during mating. Results show that the efficiency of fungal transmission is significantly related to the sex of EAB carrying the pathogen. EAB males are the promising vector to transmit INRS-242 isolate of B. bassiana to their partners during mating. Results strengthen the potential of the fungal autodissemination device as a powerful biological strategy to control EAB populations.