bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os impactos da sociedade da informação no direito à privacidade da pessoa natural e da pessoa jurídica
Authors: Machado Ronny Max , Fujita Jorge Shiguemitsu 
Published: March 2019

A Sociedade da Informação causou impactos em todos os espaços da vida das pessoas por meio das tecnologias, da circulação da informação de maneira mais célere, das ferramentas de comunicação em massa gerando a visibilidade e acessibilidade aos mais diversos conteúdos. Dentre as conexões que este fenômeno possui, a que está atrelada mais intimamente ao Direito é uma das que enseja maior reflexão e debates, ainda mais quando o tema é o direito à privacidade. A privacidade ficou mais comprometida e exposta, o que por sua vez exige que novos mecanismos de proteção surjam em prol das pessoas naturais e jurídicas. Diante desta realidade, consumidores e sociedades empresariais enfrentam desafio constante em busca de proteção. Através do método dedutivo e revisão bibliográfica, o presente artigo tem por objetivos apresentar e analisar os impactos da sociedade da informação no direito à privacidade da pessoa natural e da pessoa jurídica.
Inovações em pequenas empresas do setor de serviços: estudo multicasos em escolas particulares de Sergipe
Authors: Menezes Cassio Roberto Conceição de , Teixeira Rivanda Meira 
Published: March 2019

Majority of academic publications on innovation has focused on aspects of technological innovation, with orientation for the industrial sector and in smaller number on the service sector. As innovation in service is a field of studies in evolution and, therefore, requires a special attention for its apprehension, the objective of this study is to analyze innovations implemented by entrepreneurs in private schools, from the categories of innovation in service of Sundbo and Gallouj (1998) and the model of innovation of Hansen and Birkinshaw (2007). For this, the research method of multiple cases studies was adopted, and evidences was collected with three entrepreneurs of small and medium private schools size located in Sergipe, through semi structured interviews based on analytical categories from these theoretical models adopted. It was observed that these schools basically promote innovations in their process, in their organization or management and in solutions for specific problems presented by its customers. Generally speaking the changes carried through by these managers in these enterprises, can be seen as innovations only for the company or for the local market and they cannot be understood as an radical innovation.
Stakeholders presentes nas missões organizacionais: uma análise por setor e origem de controle acionário
Authors: Lugoboni Leonardo Fabris , Goto Melissa Midori Martinho 
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to identify: a) stakeholder present on explicit/declared form in Mission Statements; b) emphasis of certain Stakeholder considering the sector of business activity; c) emphasis on certain stakeholders when considering the origin of the shareholder control. For that, supported on the Theory and Management of Stakeholders and Business Strategy, through a documentary study examined the organizational mission of 500 Brazilian companies. The research results indicate that: (i) it is important to consider and analyze stakeholders taking into account the business sector to which they relate, and (ii) that the origin of the stock control seems to be an element to be considered in policy and management of stakeholders.
Environmentally-induced epigenetic conversion of a piRNA cluster
Authors: Casier Karine , Delmarre Valérie , Gueguen Nathalie , Hermant Catherine , Viodé Elise , Vaury Chantal , Ronsseray Stéphane , Brasset Emilie , Teysset Laure , Boivin Antoine 
Published: March 2019

Transposable element (TE) activity is repressed in animal gonads by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) produced by piRNA clusters. Current models in flies propose that germinal piRNA clusters are functionally defined by the maternal inheritance of piRNAs produced during the previous generation. Taking advantage of an inactive, but ready to go, cluster of P-element derived transgene insertions in Drosophila melanogaster, we show here that raising flies at high temperature (29°C) instead of 25°C triggers the stable conversion of this locus from inactive into actively producing functional piRNAs. The increase of antisense transcripts from the cluster at 29°C combined with the requirement of transcription of euchromatic homologous sequences, suggests a role of double stranded RNA in the production of de novo piRNAs. This report describes the first case of the establishment of an active piRNA cluster by environmental changes in the absence of maternal inheritance of homologous piRNAs.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Introduction
Authors: FIELD J. V. , JAMES FRANK A. J. L. 
Published: July 2002

Art and science are both terms whose meanings have been subject
to change over time. At
the end of the twentieth century, the terms tend to be used antithetically.
Current views of
the relationship between the spheres of activity that they connote range
from a sweeping
dismissal of any connection to an opposing but less extreme conviction
that scientists and
artists have something in common. The latter belief apparently at least
partly stems from
an underlying feeling that at any one time both activities are, after all,
products of a single
culture. The woolly shade of C. P. Snow's idea of there being
‘two cultures’ in the Britain
of the 1950s at once rises to view if one attempts to pursue analysis along
these lines.In setting up a conference called ‘The Visual Culture of Art and
Science from the
Renaissance to the Present’ the organizing committee was not attempting
to resolve any
kind of debate that may be perceived to exist in regard to the separation
or otherwise of
the domains of art and science. Rather, we wished to bring together historians
of science
working on areas that are of interest to historians of art, and historians
of art working on
areas that are of interest to historians of science, as well as
practising artists and scientists
of the present time who show an interest in each others' fields. We
were, of course, aware
that this agenda raised questions in regard to present-day relationships
between art and
science, but we hoped that, as we were dealing with a range of historical
periods, any light
that was shed would be moderately illuminating rather than blindingly lurid.
The meeting,
which took place on 12–14 July 1995, mainly at the Royal Society
in London, was
organized jointly by the British Society for the History of Science, the
Association of Art
Historians and the Committee on the Public Understanding of Science (COPUS)
– a joint
committee of the Royal Institution, British Association and the Royal Society.
The
historical examples presented at the conference showed a wide variety of
interactions
between art and science. The success of the conference (it attracted an
audience of about
200) suggested very strongly that art, which has a large public following,
can be used to
encourage an interest in science, whose public following, according to
scientists, could be
better.
Miscellaneous methods: authors, societies and journals in early modern England
Authors: JOHNS ADRIAN 
Published: July 2002

Historians of science have long acknowledged the important role that journals play in
the scientific enterprise. They both secure the shared values of a scientific community and certify
what that community takes to be licensed knowledge. The advent of the first learned periodicals
in the mid-seventeenth century was therefore a major event. But why did this event happen when
it did, and how was the permanence of the learned journal secured? This paper reveals some of
the answers. It examines the shifting fortunes of one of the earliest of natural-philosophical
periodicals, the Philosophical Transactions, launched in London in 1665 by Henry Oldenburg.
The paper shows how fraught the enterprise of journal publishing was in the Europe of that
period, and, not least, it draws attention to a number of publications that arose out of the
commercial realm of the Restoration to rival (or parody) Oldenburg's now famous creation. By
doing so it helps restore to view the hard work that underpinned the republic of letters.And as for natural philosophy, is it not removed from Oxford and Cambridge to Gresham
College in London, and to be learned out of their gazettes?Thomas Hobbes, Behemoth (written c. 1668).
ASPHERICAL LABELLED ORIENTED TREES AND KNOTS
Authors: Huck Günther , Rosebrock Stephan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe question of whether ribbon-disc complements—or, equivalently, standard 2-complexes over labelled oriented trees—are aspherical is of great importance for Whitehead’s asphericity conjecture and, if solved affirmatively, would imply a combinatorial proof of the asphericity of knot complements. We present here two classes of diagrammatically reducible labelled oriented trees.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 57M20; 20F06; 20F05; 20F32
TIME TRENDS IN CROP YIELDS IN LONG-TERM TRIALS
Authors: JONES M. J. , SINGH M. 
Published: July 2002

Trends over time in annual crop yields potentially provide measures of the likely long-term sustainability of cropping systems. However, where large annual variability in the growth environment is responsible for most of the large year-to-year yield differences, appropriate analytical techniques must be developed to distinguish real long-term trends from the ‘background noise’. This paper presents models for the estimation of time trends in the yield data from crop rotation systems and discusses the results of applying these models to yield values from two types of long-term trial involving barley, each conducted at two sites in northern Syria.The models used were linear with respect to time (years) and allowed for seasonal effects by means of a quadratic relationship on total rainfall and a linear relationship on planting date. A more complex model might account for more of the variance, but restrictions were imposed by the limited number of degrees of freedom (number of years of data less one) and the choice of meaningful single-valued parameters of growth-season conditions. For many experimental treatments the model accounted for less of the total variance at the wetter site. This may be due to seasonal bufferring by soil moisture stored at depth from one year to the next, and future iterations of the analysis will try to allow for this. The appropriateness of the linear time function is also questioned, and alternative functions will be tested along with alternative structures for plot errors over time.
The Erzgebirge, Germany, a subducted part of northern
Gondwana: geochemical evidence for repetition of
early Palaeozoic metasedimentary sequences in
metamorphic thrust units
Authors: MINGRAM BIRGIT 
Published: July 2002

One of the major metamorphic terranes of the Bohemian Massif, the
Erzgebirge, is interpreted
to record a subducted part of a Palaeozoic margin of Gondwana. A geochemical
study on non-calcareous
metasediments from the various metamorphic units from lower greenschist
to granulite
facies metamorphism supports a recently established thrust model. Geochemical
discrimination and
correlation from the metasediments of the Erzgebirge suggest repetition
of an early Palaeozoic
metasedimentary sequence in metamorphic thrust units. This new finding
is in line with recent radiometric
dating of intercalated metarhyolitic rocks, which yielded ages of around
480 Ma. It is furthermore
supported by correlation with a low-grade standard section in Thuringia,
which represents the
transition from an orogenic belt to a passive margin setting, with highly
mature sediments. Significant
geochemical signatures have been identified in three different lithotypes,
which reappear in at least
three metamorphic units of the Erzgebirge. Geochemical correlation of these
units was established
using simple comparison of averages and with statistical techniques. The
identification of significant
geochemical signatures from different lithotypes in metamorphic suites
has important implications for
terrane analysis and reconstruction of ancient tectonic settings.The repetition of lithologies and their distinct chemical compositions
in progressively metamorphosed
units is useful for examining element mobility during Barrovian metamorphism.
Statistical comparison
implies that Li is progressively depleted from the greenschist to amphibolite
facies, whereas Ca
exhibits some enrichment. All the other elements studied are considered
to be immobile.
Controlled-temperature effects on cotton yield and fibre properties
Authors: LIAKATAS A. , ROUSSOPOULOS D. , WHITTINGTON W. J. 
Published: July 2002

Temperature effects on cotton yield and fibre properties
of three cotton cultivars were determined.
Plants were grown in pots maintained in growth rooms at varying day and
night temperatures
representing seasonally constant or varying (C) or daily varying (V) regimes.Yield and fibre characters responded to variation of daily
mean and amplitude of temperature.
Mean temperature reduction improved yield components, but
fibre length, uniformity, strength and
micronaire were increased by high, particularly high day,
temperatures. A large daily temperature
amplitude produced an intermediate number of flowers and the lowest retention
percentage.Fruiting and yield were increased by reduction in temperature down to
the threshold mean
temperature of 22°C. However, V-regimes with a low
minimum temperature acted as a further drop
(below 22°C) of temperature and adversely affected these
characters. An adverse effect of low
minimum temperature combined with a moderate day temperature was observed
also on lint
percentage and fibre properties.Varietal differences were more pronounced for highly heritable
characters such as fibre properties,
for which significant interactions between varieties and
temperature also occurred. Differences in
reproductive development were not sufficient to be of much practical importance.
Effects of reducing anthelmintic input upon growth and
faecal egg and larval counts in young farmed deer
grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and perennial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover
(Trifolium repens) pasture
Authors: HOSKIN S. O. , BARRY T. N. , WILSON P. R. , CHARLESTON W. A. G. , HODGSON J. 
Published: July 2002

A rotational grazing experiment using weaner deer was conducted at Palmerston North, New
Zealand, during the autumn, winter and spring, to compare the voluntary feed intake (VFI),
liveweight gain (LWG) and carcass production of deer grazing chicory with those grazing perennial
ryegrass/white clover pasture. Deer were either treated with anthelmintic at 3-weekly intervals (T) or
anthelmintic was withheld until trigger-treatment (TT) criteria were attained. Pure red and 0·75
red: 0·25 elk hybrid stags and hinds were given forage allowances of 5 kg DM/deer/day in autumn
and early-mid winter, 6 kg DM/deer/day in late winter and 7 kg DM/deer/day in spring. Deer
grazed chicory or pasture in autumn and spring, with all deer combined on pasture during winter
when chicory was dormant. Organic matter digestibility of diet selected was greater for chicory than
for pasture in both autumn and spring.Anthelmintic-treated deer grazing pasture in autumn had significantly higher VFI and LWG,
contributing to higher carcass weights, than TT deer. Anthelmintic treatment had no effect on these
measures for deer grazing chicory in autumn. Clinical signs of lungworm infection were evident in
pasture TT deer during autumn and winter, and in chicory TT deer grazing pasture during winter.
Faecal egg counts (FEC) were significantly greater for pasture TT deer during autumn and early
winter than all other groups. Faecal lungworm larval counts (FLC) were significantly greater for
chicory TT deer following transfer to pasture, than for all other groups in early winter, although both
FEC and FLC were low. Faecal larval counts were poorly related to clinical signs of lungworm
infection during autumn, but were a better guide in winter. Plasma pepsinogen concentrations
appeared unrelated to gastrointestinal parasite infection. Trigger-treated deer grazing pasture
required five anthelmintic treatments during autumn and winter. The chicory TT group required no
anthelmintic treatment when grazing chicory during autumn, but required two treatments after
transfer from chicory to pasture during winter.There was no effect of anthelmintic regime on VFI and LWG in spring, and LWG was greater for
deer grazing chicory than those grazing pasture. Hybrid deer had greater spring LWG and carcass
weights than red deer when grazing chicory, but similar LWG and carcass weights when grazing
pasture.It was concluded that grazing chicory offers the potential for reducing anthelmintic use in farmed
weaner deer, particularly during autumn.
Sprout and top-shoot cutting for rapid multiplication
of potato in Bangladesh
Authors: HOSSAIN M. J. , NAHAR M. S. , AHMAD A. U. 
Published: July 2002

The combined effect of two rapid multiplication techniques (sprout and top-shoot cutting) was
assessed using four Dutch potato cultivars during 1991/92–1993/1994 at the Tuber Crops Research
Centre (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh. On
average, a 70–80 g tuber produced 29 sprout cuttings which were subsequently used for taking top-shoot cuttings. Top-shoot cuttings were taken at a number of dates from 25 November and continued
at 10 day intervals, thereafter, until 15 January. The number of top-shoot cuttings produced by 29
sprout cutting-derived plants varied (P<0·01) from 761 to 663 across the cultivars. Cardinal gave
the greatest yield. Most of the characters studied varied (P<0·01) between cultivars but not over
years while the interaction between cultivars and years was significant (P<0·01).Early planted top-shoot cuttings produced more tubers per plant (4·0) with a greater mean tuber
weight (>22 g) than from the late planting (1 tuber and 5·5 g). On average, about 2·8 tubers per plant
were produced with a mean tuber weight of 15·8 g. Cardinal and Patrones produced the most tubers
per plant (2·9) and Diamant the greatest mean tuber weight (16·8 g). Cardinal gave the greatest yield
(P<0·01) of tubers (268) followed by Patrones (241). The 29 sprout cutting plants derived from a
70±5 g tuber produced 160 tubers while the 771 top-shoot plants derived from 29 sprout cutting-derived plants produced 1420 tubers. The rate of multiplication of the combined two RM techniques
was 1580[ratio ]1 against 11[ratio ]1 for the conventional method.
FERTILITY AND MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS AMONG SELECTED TRIBAL POPULATION GROUPS OF NORTH–WESTERN AND EASTERN INDIA
Authors: KAPOOR A. K. , KSHATRIYA GAUTAM K. 
Published: July 2002

Selection potential based on differential fertility and mortality has been computed for six tribal groups inhabiting different geo-climatic conditions, namely: Sahariya, Mina and Bhil of the State of Rajasthan, north-western India, and Munda, Santal and Lodha of the State of West Bengal, eastern India. Irrespective of the methodology, the total index of selection was found to be highest among Lodhas (0·668), followed by Sahariyas (0·524), Santals (0·462), Bhils (0·386), Mundas (0·353) and Minas (0·334). Incidently, Lodha and Sahariya are two of the seventy-four notified primitive tribal groups of India, and these two study populations show the highest index of total selection, mainly because of a higher embryonic and postnatal mortality.The relative contribution of the fertility component to the index of total selection is higher than the corresponding mortality component in all tribal groups.The analysis of postnatal mortality components indicates that childhood mortality constitutes the bulk of postnatal mortality, suggesting that children under 5 years need better health care in these tribal groups.
POSTPARTUM AMENORRHOEA IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: YADAVA K. N. S. , JAIN S. K. 
Published: July 2002

This paper calculates the mean duration of the postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) and examines its demographic, and socioeconomic correlates in rural north India, using data collected through 'retrospective' (last but one child) as well as 'current status' (last child) reporting of the duration of PPA.The mean duration of PPA was higher in the current status than in the retrospective data;n the difference being statistically significant. However, for the same mothers who gave PPA information in both the data sets, the difference in mean duration of PPA was not statistically significant. The correlates were identical in both the data sets. The current status data were more complete in terms of the coverage, and perhaps less distorted by reporting errors caused by recall lapse.A positive relationship of the mean duration of PPA was found with longer breast-feeding, higher parity and age of mother at the birth of the child, and the survival status of the child. An inverse relationship was found with higher education of a woman, higher education of her husband and higher socioeconomic status of her household, these variables possibly acting as proxies for women's better nutritional status.
Characterization of peptides produced by the action of psychrotrophic proteinases on κ-casein
Authors: RECIO ISIDRA , GARCÍA-RISCO MÓNICA R. , RAMOS MERCEDES , LÓPEZ-FANDIÑO ROSINA 
Published: July 2002

Psychrotrophic bacteria, capable of growing in milk during refrigerated storage
before processing, produce thermostable proteinases that strongly influence the
keeping quality of long life dairy products (Cousin, 1982). This is the case with UHT
milk, where the activity of residual or reactivated bacterial proteolytic enzymes is
linked to flavour deterioration and gelation. Furthermore, since most of these
enzymes are acid proteinases with a broad specificity and particularly active against
κ-casein (Fairbairn & Law, 1986), their hydrolysis products can interfere with
detecting the fraudulent addition of rennet whey (López-Fandiño et al. 1993a, b;
Recio et al. 1996, 2000). This is usually based upon detecting, by reversed-phase (RP-)
HPLC (Olieman & van Riel, 1989; Van Riel & Olieman, 1995a) or capillary
electrophoresis (CE) (Van Riel & Olieman, 1995b), caseinmacropeptide (CMP), the
106–169 fragment of κ-casein released by chymosin during the initial stages of
cheesemaking (for review, see López-Fandiño & Olano, 1999). Nevertheless, it is not
yet clear whether degradation of κ-casein by psychrotrophic enzymes gives rise to
hydrolysis products that are identical to those produced by chymosin or just
indistinguishable by CE (Van Riel & Olieman, 1995b; Recio et al. 1996).In the present investigation, we studied CMP-like degradation products produced
by the action of extracellular psychrotrophic proteinases on κ-casein by RP-HPLC
and CE. Electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) was used for peptide
identification. Characterization of breakdown products specific to psychrotrophic
enzymes may help the investigation of their residual activity remaining in milk after
processing, as well as provide an indication of the suitability of CMP as an indicator
of adulteration of UHT milk with whey solids.