bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of computer model thresholds with laser safety MPEs for the skin
Authors: Schulmeister Karl , Rauter Patrick 
Published: November 2024

A computer model that predicts thresholds for laser induced skin injury was used to systematically analyze wavelength, pulse duration and beam diameter dependencies. The thresholds were compared with the respective maximum permissible exposure (MPE) values promulgated by ANSI Z136.1-2014, ICNIRP 2013 and IEC 60825-1:2014.
Due to discontinuities in the MPEs, the reduction factor between the predicted threshold and the MPEs varies widely. For some wavelengths, for beam diameters of 7 mm, the reduction factor is between 2 and 3 in the pulse regime of roughly 1 ms to 100 ms. For other wavelengths, the reduction factor is above 10.
The effect of the limiting aperture to reduce the radiant exposure is accounted for by increasing the MPE for beam diameters smaller than 3.5 mm. For small beam diameters, for the case that there is no relative movement between the beam and the skin (which has to be assumed for exposure to pulsed emission), this greatly reduces the margin between the predicted injury threshold and the MPE. Due to the averaging effect of the limiting aperture, for beam diameters of 1 mm, we found reduction factors considerably less than 1, particularly in the visible wavelength range, but also for wavelengths approaching 1400 nm. As a worst case, the MPE permits a factor 3 higher exposure levels than the predicted injury threshold. Since the reduction factors are particularly low in the regime between 1 ms and 100 ms, it is not possible to justify the 3.5 mm limiting aperture by relative movements of the laser beam and the skin. It is also questionable if scattering in the tissue is sufficient to generally justify the 3.5 mm limiting aperture. It appears prudent to consider an exposure-duration varying limiting aperture in the same way as for the cornea above 1400 nm, where for the pulsed regime the limiting aperture has a diameter of 1 mm.
Searching for competency
Authors: Contrata Barbara Sams , Paura Randolph 
Published: November 2024

Competency (noun) the ability to do something successfully or efficientlythe legal authority of a court or other body to deal with a particular matter
Competent (adjective) having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully
The descriptive word “competent” and its derivatives are used to describe criteria for the safe and successful performance of a business and its operations. Its definition can be elusive for those wishing to establish by what metrics a person is competent. This paper examines where and why workplace health and safety regulations, standards and guidance documents utilize the phrase “competent person” when it comes to those persons who are charged with or can affect the safety of others. Through benchmarking such documents where past experiences have resulted in prescribing the expectations of a “competent person,” comparable guidance can be established for those diligent organizations seeking to qualify their goal of a competent Laser Safety Officer in fulfilling the General Duty Clause for safeguarding personnel.
Before delving into those various workplace health and safety documents which prescribe competency, a review of various definitions, synonyms and antonyms for the adjective “competent” can provide appropriate context and understanding of what is meant by and sought for with a competent LSO.
An investigation into workplace activities which necessitate rigorous or principled prescriptive requirements for competency is provided for a baseline understanding.
Next, an examination of various jurisdictions from around the world is summarized regarding overall health and safety expectations, employee training and competency requirements.
A summary analysis of the current state of ANSI Z136.1 Safe Use of Lasers requirements (involving shalls) and recommendations (involving shoulds) is benchmarked against another consensus technical report, as well as technical rules developed for guidance on the quality of laser safety officer training.
A synthesis of these various elements is proposed to provide a reference for ANSI Z136 compliant laser safety officer training and competency objectives and content, in a structured and relevant format.
Multimodal, longitudinal imaging of laser retinal injury
Authors: Wang Yiyi , Ma Tammy , Mason Melanie , Tuten William , Roorda Austin 
Published: November 2024

This case report demonstrates the use of novel imaging techniques with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope and adaptive-optics-based psychophysical tests to longitudinally evaluate retinal structure and function following a laser retinal injury after accidental exposure to a 1-watt infrared laser beam. The structural and functional prognosis could be predicted with clinical findings, high-resolution retinal imaging, and visual psychophysical tests.
A 23-year-old researcher was unwittingly exposed to a 1-watt, 852 nm continuous-wave laser at work as a small central blurry spot in the right eye appeared after 10 seconds of exposure. An initial eye examination was performed 1 day after the exposure and the best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye was 20/25-2. The posterior segment evaluation of the right eye revealed a disrupted outer retinal structure near the fixation. Adaptive optics imaging 2 weeks after the exposure revealed a 0.50x0.75-degree elliptical retinal area with irregular borders and abnormal cone photoreceptor reflectivity just below the fixation.
Starting the one-month follow-up, retinal structural recovery was observed on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Subsequent adaptive optics imaging showed significant recovery of the cone reflectivity. Importantly, adaptive optics microperimetry which measures small-spot retinal function at the cellular level with real-time eye tracking showed measurable retinal sensitivities at all affected areas at the 6-month follow-up visit, which later restored normal sensitivity at 10 months.
Retinal structure and function from laser injury can be visualized and measured with diagnostic instruments including OCT, adaptive optics imaging, and psychophysics. Adaptive optics microperimetry showed retinal functional recovery at 10 months follow-up. The areas with abnormal cone reflectivity could be on a path to near or full recovery.
Challenges of laser risk mitigation for space exploration in low-earth orbit and beyond
Authors: Gaza Ramona 
Published: November 2024

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) human space exploration programs are focused on leading safe, innovative, and sustainable efforts with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities. From space exploration programs in low-Earth orbit (LEO), such as the International Space Station (ISS), to lunar exploration programs, such as Artemis, the ultimate goal is to gain knowledge and develop the necessary technology required to explore and potentially inhabit other planets, such as Mars.
For human exploration missions, crew safety is a priority. There is a multitude of health risks associated with the space environment, ranging from microgravity and radiation effects on the human body to long-term isolation impacts. When it comes to space radiation, both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation (NIR) exposures above pre-established limits can cause detrimental biological effects. The main NIR sources of interest for crew protection include lasers, natural and artificial incoherent light sources (e.g., sunlight, LEDs, lamps, etc.) and radiofrequency emitters (e.g., antennas, RFID, etc.). With the technology advancements over the last decades, stronger lasers and radio antennas are now available to use for routine operations (e.g., space communications, vehicle docking, etc.). The NASA Safety program at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) uses agency developed standards and risk specific developed requirements by the agency’s subject matter experts (SMEs) for all human space flight programs: International Space Station (ISS), Commercial Crew (CC), Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), Artemis, Gateway station, Human Landing System (HLS), Commercial LEO destinations (Axiom), Exploration Extravehicular Mobility unit (xEMU).
The need for dedicated requirements for each of the human spaceflight risks is dictated by the unique challenges associated with space operations that often result in specific safety procedures and novel risk mitigation techniques. The requirements are developed in-house at the JSC by the discipline SMEs, approved by the NASA Health Medical Technical Authority (HMTA) office and concurred by the NASA Safety and NASA’s International Partners. Therefore, the safety process requires a proactive, flexible, and highly adaptive risk management approach for lasers and other NIR sourcesthat is unique to spaceflight compared tomore traditional terrestrialsafety processes.
This presentation will provide an overview of the ionizing and non-ionizing radiation safety process for human spaceflight, with focus on laser safety. NASA requirements process, risk mitigation strategies and challenges for safe operational implementation will be discussed.
Laser safety program lessons learned - best practices evolve
Authors: Gama Richard 
Published: November 2024

This presentation will focus on lessons learned from the use of health care laser systems over the years and how the standards and best practices guidelines continue to evolve. I began my laser career in 1989 and that time there was not a health care standard in-place. Much of what is recommended by the current ANSI Z136.3 American Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care being practiced today to ensure the safety of patients and health care personnel did not exist or was evolved from the practices utilized back then.
This perspective and the lessons learned from near-miss occurrences and actual accidents and injuries is useful to help further evolve the Standard and recommended practices as laser technology, their applications, and required safety practices will continue to evolve moving forward.
Desempeño escolar, actividad cerebral y estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva
Authors: Ríos Valles José Alejandro , Aldama Santos Hiatilic Dal Mitzi , La Llave León Osmel , Barragán Ledesma Laura Ernestina , Salas Name Sagrario Lizeth , Soto Rivera Jesús Abraham 
Published: November 2024

El desempeño escolar universitario depende del funcionamiento de las neuronas y la EMTr es una herramienta de nueva aparición que modifica la función neural. El objetivo de estudio fue identificar la relación entre EMTr y el promedio escolar. Previa firma por conveniencia del consentimiento informado se aplicó EMTr a un grupo de 6 participantes, se registró qEEG al final de 10 sesiones de 40 minutos con trenes pulsantes de tres segundos de estimulación por uno de descanso, frecuencia de 100 Hz e intensidad de seis Gauss, en estado de reposo con ojos cerrados, empleando una bobina de 10 centímetros en la línea media anterior a la mitad de nasión y vertex. Los resultados arrojaron alfa de Cronbach de 0.863; el promedio escolar inicial en el grupo estudiado (8.03) y final (8.55) presentó t de student de -3.253 y p=0.023; La EEG y promedio escolar mostraron correlación de Pearson en: T5HzDB en All Range r= -0.824 con p=0.044, T5HzDB en el rango Delta r=-0.825 y p=0.045 y F3HzDB en la frecuencia Theta r=0.859 y p=0.028. Concluyendo que la aplicación de EMTr modifica el funcionamiento neuronal mejorando el promedio escolar.
RESPON PASAR TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORT PADA PERUSAHAAN TERINDEKS SRI-KEHATI
Authors: Humaira Alika , Hasnawati Sri 
Published: November 2024

The sustainability report represents the development of the sustainability concept and commitment to achieving the United Nations’ SDGs performed by companies. One of the institutions that contribute to enhancing the implementation of the sustainability concept in Indonesia is the Yayasan Kehati, with one of its stock indices named SRI-KEHATI, which is well-known among Indonesian investors. This research examines the effect of the disclosure of economic, environmental, and social indicators in the sustainability report on the company’s market performance. The population of this study is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in the SRI-KEHATI index from 2018 to 2022, with a sample collection of 12 companies using purposive sampling techniques. Using multiple linear regression for panel data and the Eviews data processing software, this research finds that economic and environmental indicators in the sustainability report positively affect market performance, while social indicators in the sustainability report negatively impact market performance. This research indicates that the sustainability report influences investors’ decision-making and successfully impacts the company’s market performance.
Keywords: Sustainability; Disclosure; Performance; Investor response
Abstrak
Sustainability report merupakan wujud dari perkembangan konsep sustainability dan komitmen mencapai SDGs PBB yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Salah satu instansi yang ikut andil meningkatkan implementasi konsep sustainability di Indonesia adalah Yayasan Kehati dengan salah satu indeks sahamnya yang bernama SRI-KEHATI dan sudah cukup dikenal oleh investor Indonesia. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh pengungkapan indikator ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial sustainability report terhadap performa pasar perusahaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan termasuk dalam indeks SRI-KEHATI pada tahun 2018 hingga 2022 dan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 12 perusahaan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda untuk data panel dan menggunakan software pengolah data berupa Eviews, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa indikator ekonomi dan lingkungan dalam sustainability report mempengaruhi performa pasar secara positif, sedangkan indikator sosial dalam sustainability report berpengaruh negatif pada performa pasar. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan investor terpengaruh oleh sustainability report dan berhasil memberikan pengaruh bagi performa pasar perusahaan.
Kata Kunci: Sustainability, Pengungkapan, Performa, Respon Investor
Understanding the essence of the “Great Game” by classics of the Russian school of geopolitics (Continuation)
Authors: Elishev S. O. 
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to understanding the essence of The Great Game – the policy of containing the development of Russia by Anglo-Saxon elites and powers, dating back more than two centuries, by the classics of the Russian school of geopolitics. The author of the article considers the geopolitical concepts of the founders of the civilizational approach and civilizational geopolitics – N.Ya. Danilevsky, K.N. Leontyev, representatives of pan-Slavism (R.A. Fadeev, I.I. Dusinsky), military-strategic direction (D.A. Milyutina, A.E. Vandama, A.E. Snesareva), Eurasia (P.E. N. Savitsky), Y.S. Kartsova, V.P. Semenova-Tyan-Shansky, P.N. Durnovo.The author emphasizes that the development of Russian geopolitical thought took place in the absence of a political order from the state, as well as political and economic elites to develop a geopolitical strategy for the development of Russia and the implementation of its foreign policy. Unfortunately, the author states, many ideas of the classics of the Russian school of geopolitics (in particular, in their understanding of the essence, content and dynamics of the Great Game) turned out to be unclaimed by the ruling circles and governments, among which there were many people, Anglophile orientation, promoting the ideas of allied relations with England, to the detriment of the national interests of Russia.At the same time, the author of the article notes, the understanding of the essence and features of the development of the events of the “Great Game” by representatives of the Russian school of geopolitics was largely carried out fragmentally, often in the aspect of analyzing the centuries-old civilizational confrontation between Russia and the Romano-German cultural and historical type (Western European great culture, civilization), and not purely continentalist concepts.Authors who comprehend the essence and significant events of the “Great Game” in their works include: representatives of Pan-Slavism – N.Ya. Danilevsky, I.I. Dusinsky, R.A. Fadeeva; representatives of the military-strategic direction – A.E. Snesarev and A.E. Vandam; Y.S. Kartsovo and P.N. Durnovo. The rest of the classics of the Russian school of geopolitics addressed this issue selectively, within the framework of other topics of interest to them.
Transmission and Distance: Unveiling Artistic Fax Collaboration and Circulation of Images
Authors: Escribano Belmar Beatriz 
Published: November 2024

The advent of the fax machine brought about a revolution in the art, providing artists with new avenues for creative expression, communication, and research. It did give rise to groups of artists, mainly belonging to the Mail Art and Copy Art movements, who exploited the fax machine to instantly transmit works usually created on the basis of the xerographic language of photocopy machines from the 1970s to the 1990s. The fax was used not only as an artistic tool, but also to develop new strategies for art collaboration and circulation.
This new way of production, collaboration, and distribution gave rise to the graphic language of poor images stemming from the technical processes in fax creation exchanges. These poor images had low resolution, distortion, degradation, visual noise, and image deterioration – elements that became part of the graphic language inherent to the machine’s media specificity.
The main objective of this text is exploring collaborative strategies with fax machines to highlight the resulting graphic language, and their value in art and image circulation. It also aims to examine how collaboration was central, as both sender and receiver were needed in the process. For this purpose, the research draws mainly from original materials and the artistic fax collection held by the International Museum of Electrography - Center for Innovation in Art and New Technologies (MIDECIANT) in Cuenca, Spain, which was a pioneering center in new technologies during the 90’s, including fax practices.
GAJI SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI PADA PENGARUH WORKPLACE OSCTRACISM DAN WORKPLACE HARASSMENT TERHADAP EMPLOYEE LIFE SATISFACTION
Authors: Larasati Nike , Ahsani Riska Fii , Murningsih Setia 
Published: November 2024

Pekerja menghabiskan waktunya sebanyak 40 jam disetiap minggunya bahkan lebih dalam hidupnya di tempat kerja. Dapat dikatakan bahwa lebih banyak karyawan berkomunikasi dengan rekan kerjanya dibandingkan dengan orang yang disayangi. Dan terkadang, hubungan ini bisa berubah menjadi persahabatan sejati, ketika karyawan menemukan keseimbangan yang tepat antara pribadi dan profesional, persahabatan di tempat kerja dapat meningkatkan kebahagiaan, keterlibatan, dan kepuasan hidup kerja karyawan Akan tetapi, pada praktik organisasi masih terdapat banyak bentuk kekerasan yang terjadi di dalam organisasi. Kekerasan di tempat kerja pada penelitian ini ditekankan pada bentuk workplace ostracism (pengucilan) dan workplace harassment (pelecehan ditempat kerja) yang dapat berpengaruh negative pada kepuasaan kehidupan kerja karyawan. Penelitian ini meneliti terkait dengan pengaruh workplace ostracism dan workplace harassment terhadap employee life satisfactio yang dimoderasi oleh gaji. Sample pada penelitian ini sebanyak 140 karyawan Wanita dari Jawa Tengah dan DIY. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa workplace ostracism tidak berpengaruh negative terhadap employee life satisfaction pada karyawan Wanita di Jawa Tengah dan DIY, sedangkan workplace harassment berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap employee life satisfaction karyawan Wanita di Jawa Tengah dan DIY. Untuk gaji tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh workplace ostracism dan workplace harassment terhadap employee life satisfaction. Software yang digunakan untuk mengolah data pada penelitian ini adalah SPSS dengan analisis regresi berganda.
OPENING NEW DOORS: SYNTHESIS OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE AND MODERN SCIENCE IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF THIS CENTURY
Authors: Eka Safitri Ulfi Nabila , Ambarwati Hasna , Yulianasari Cantika , Nurul Fatikhah Silmia Rasyida , Muthohar Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Terdapat kesenjangan antara ilmu pengetahuan Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan modern yang perlu diatasi. Studi ini berupaya menjembatani kesenjangan tersebut dengan landasan filosofis abad ini dan mengidentifikasi titik kontak dan perbedaan antara paradigma ilmiah Islam dan sains modern. Melalui pendekatan ini, kami berharap dapat menemukan cara untuk memperkuat dan mengintegrasikan keduanya sehingga menghasilkan wawasan baru yang holistik dan komprehensif dengan mempertimbangkan landasan filosofis zaman ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dengan studi kepustakaan atau library research Setelah data dan fakta diperoleh, maka akan diolah dengan menggunakan metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini, yaitu metode filosofis-historis.
Once versus thrice daily dose regimen of gentamicin in abdominal surgery
Authors: Ashindoitiang John Adi , Olayere Obanife Henry , Obono Nta Okoi 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
The objectives of the study are to compare the effectiveness and likelihood of toxicity of 7.5 mg/kg single high dose and 80 mg thrice daily doses of intravenous gentamicin.

Material and Methods:
A total of 88 patients who had abdominal surgeries on account of acute abdomen infectious etiologies in a private hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, between August 2002 and July 2004 were studied. They were randomized into two groups (A and B), with each group comprising of 44 patients. Group A had 7.5 mg single high-dose gentamicin alongside cefuroxime for 5 days. Group B had 80 mg thrice daily of gentamicin for 5 days alongside cefuroxime. Renal function tests were carried out preoperatively and postoperatively. The surgical site infection rate was compared between Groups A and B.

Results:
There was statistically no significant difference in effectiveness and toxicity between the two groups except for severe infections in which 7.5 mg/kg body weight single high dose gentamicin was superior to 80 mg thrice daily doses. The infection rate was similar for both groups, and the organisms isolated in both groups were resistant to gentamicin. There was no difference in renal complication rate and ototoxicity. We also found that a single high dose was more convenient for nurses to administer, cost effective, decreased personnel time and had more patient comfort.

Conclusion:
A single high dose of gentamicin of 7.5 mg/kg daily is comparatively effective as 80 mg thrice daily dose. The infection rate was the same in both groups, with a single high dose much better in severe infection.