bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzeptanalyse „Aktivierende Pflege“
Authors: Hinsche Laura Merve , Hasseler Martina , Krebs Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Seit langem sind Versorgungslücken in der Nachsorge nach einer stationären Krankenhausbehandlung ein bekanntes Problem. Die Übergangspflege nach § 39e SGB V soll die Nachsorge optimieren, sie erfordert jedoch konzeptionelle und rechtliche Verbesserungen, einschließlich einer wissenschaftlichen Konzeptanalyse zur Implementierung der aktivierenden Pflege nach § 11 Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) XI.

Methodik
Die Konzeptanalyse (nach Rodgers) und die dazugehörige Literaturrecherche und Analyse der integrierte Literaturquellen wurden durchgeführt. Die Analyse fördert ein umfassendes Verständnis des Konzepts für die pflegerische Praxis und wissenschaftliche Forschung.

Ergebnis
In der Konzeptanalyse zeigt sich ein multidimensionales Konzept der aktivierenden Pflege, welches eine personenzentrierte und individuelle Pflege impliziert. Die Dimensionen beinhalten Inhalte aus dem Bereich Autonomie, Teilhabe, Mobilität, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens, Lebensqualität, Eigenständigkeit, Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention.

Diskussion
Der Begriff der „aktivierenden Pflege“ ist vielschichtig. Die Umsetzung fällt in verschiedenen Gesundheitsbereichen komplex aus. Sie umfasst präventive, gesundheitsfördernde und rehabilitative Elemente, mit klaren Schnittstellen zur rehabilitativen Pflege. Die WHO-Konzepte „healthy ageing“ und „active ageing“ sowie der personenzentrierte Ansatz nach Kitwood betonen die individuelle Betreuung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Konzeptanalyse der „aktivierenden Pflege“ betont ihre Multidimensionalität und die Notwendigkeit, das Pflegeverständnis über einfache Verrichtungen hinaus zu erweitern, sowie die Bedeutung von Autonomie, Lebensqualität und Teilhabe in der Patientenversorgung. Sie kann die Entwicklung von Qualitätsindikatoren und Outcomes fördern, um die Effektivität und Implementierung der aktivierenden Pflege in der Praxis zu verbessern.
“The dynamics of IP contract patterns in the German biotechnology industry – a mixed-methods approach”
Authors: Grebe Steffen , Jarchow Svenja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Academic spin-offs play a pivotal role in leveraging the economic potential of scientific discoveries by transferring research results into marketable technologies, products, and services. The creation of a spin-off is frequently formalized through an intellectual property (IP) contract between the research institution and the new venture, which establishes the foundation for the spin-off’s initial growth. While the broad impact of research institutions on IP contract patterns is acknowledged, further investigation is required to ascertain the specific effects of their individual preferences. Furthermore, country-specific characteristics influence technology transfer practices. However, the lack of empirical data on IP contract patterns in research-intensive nations, such as Germany, impedes a comprehensive analysis. This study examines the impact of the individual risk and reward assessments of German public research institutions on the design of IP contract patterns. A sequential mixed-methods approach is employed, starting with a survey of biotechnology spin-offs to collect empirical data on IP contract patterns. This is complemented by semi-structured expert interviews with technology transfer managers to triangulate the survey data and gain insights from the perspective of the research institutions. Our findings suggest that the observed heterogeneity in IP contract patterns can be attributed to the varying risk and reward assessments of research institutions. The resource-based view allows us to demonstrate that these variations arise from institutional preferences regarding the transfer of IP ownership versus licensing IP to spin-offs and accepting spin-off equity and/or cash compensation. The resource-based considerations in question vary between universities and non-university research institutions and are shaped by the individual IP strategies and resource endowments of each.
Catheter-directed therapy with the FlowTriever system for intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism: a single-centre experience
Authors: Hart Einar A. , Eenhoorn Paul , Nijkeuter Mathilde , Ruigrok Dieuwertje , van der Heijden Joris J. , Voskuil Michiel , Liu Tommy K. K. , Balder Jan Willem , van de Hoef Tim P. , van der Harst Pim , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Dickinson Michael G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism is an important cause of preventable mortality. Treatment strategies depend on risk stratification. High-risk patients, and some intermediate-high-risk patients, require urgent reperfusion therapy. Systemic thrombolysis (ST) is the effective first-choice treatment in these patients; however, the high risk of bleeding complications is a major drawback. In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, we report our experience with the FlowTriever thrombosuction system as an alternative or adjunct to ST in intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data of all patients treated with the FlowTriever system from December 2021 until March 2024 were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Primary outcomes were technical success rate, 30-day all-cause mortality and major bleeding.

Results
Twenty-one patients were treated with the FlowTriever system, 14 of whom were considered high risk. The technical success rate was 100%. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 29% and major bleeding was recorded in 5 patients (24%), of which one bleeding event was related to the FlowTriever procedure. A significant reduction was seen in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic dimension.

Conclusion
In intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism patients with ST treatment failure or a contraindication for ST, the FlowTriever thrombosuction system seems to be a minimally invasive alternative treatment modality with low complication rates.
Stating Rules or Imparting Knowledge? An Intervention Experiment on the Trust and Sharing of Seismic Rumors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China
Authors: Sun Lei , Guo Jun , Liu Xingyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeismic rumors can mislead the public and trigger unnecessary actions, underscoring the importance of their control in disaster management. This study examined the impact of two different intervention tools—rule-based intervention and knowledge-based intervention—on the trust and sharing of seismic rumors. We designed a survey experiment to explore this issue, and 500 respondents participated in the experiment. The results indicate that the rule-based intervention significantly reduced the public’s trust in and intention to share seismic rumors, but the knowledge-based intervention failed. Possible mechanisms are that the rule-based intervention raises awareness of the unreliability of disaster information sources and costs associated with sharing rumors. It is suggested that communicating the existing rules and policies regarding disaster information release might be an effective approach to rendering disaster rumors uncreditable and then reducing people’s intention to share. These findings enrich our understanding of the effectiveness of different intervention tools regarding rumor behavior in disaster scenarios and offer insights for practical seismic rumor management.
Bidirectional Evacuation in Subway Fires Considering the Number of Retrograders and Proactive Avoidance Behavior Based on Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Deng Qing , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Shirong , Deng Li , Xu Ye , Zhu Jialing , Jiang Huiling , Yu Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSubway fires often cause significant casualties and property losses. There are some special bidirectional coupling scenarios during subway fires, such as firefighters moving against the evacuation flow to extinguish fires, emergency managers going to the fire scene to respond to emergencies, or other similar scenarios. How to evacuate passengers quickly and enable responders to enter the fire scene has become a big challenge for subway fire evacuation and response. The core goal is to reduce the degree of mutual interaction between these people moving in opposite directions. In this study, the impact of counterflow individuals and proactive avoidance behavior on evacuation processes was investigated through experiments and simulations. The Fire Dynamic Simulator was used to simulate the development of a fire scenario to determine the available safe egress time. Micro-evacuation experiments were conducted to obtain actual evacuation parameters, such as the speeds of different objects. With these parameters as input, a macro subway fire scenario was built to simulate the bidirectional evacuation process. Consistent conclusions were obtained from the experiments and evacuation simulations. The results indicate that the overall evacuation time increases with the number of retrograders. Proactive avoidance behavior can effectively reduce the travel time of counterflow individuals, but it causes slight delays for forward-moving evacuees. An optimization strategy was implemented through conductor guidance. All passengers can successfully evacuate under the optimization strategy, with a 25.3% improvement in overall evacuation time. This research provides some insights into the coordinated evacuation and emergency response during subway fires or similar scenarios.
Air Pollution and Temperature in Seizures and Epilepsy: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Sharma Rachit , Schinasi Leah H. , Lee Brian K. , Weuve Jennifer , Weisskopf Marc G. , Sheffield Perry E. , Clougherty Jane E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Seizures and epilepsy can be debilitating neurological conditions and have few known causes. Emerging evidence has highlighted the potential contribution of environmental exposures to the etiology of these conditions, possibly manifesting via neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress in the brain. We conducted a scoping review of epidemiological literature linking air pollution and temperature exposures with incidence and acute aggravation of seizures and epilepsy. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO databases for peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from inception to February 7, 2024.

Recent Findings
We identified a total of 34 studies: 16 examined air pollution exposure, 12 ambient temperature, and six examined both air pollution and ambient temperature. Most studies were conducted in Asia (China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan). Nearly all studies retrospectively derived acute (daily average), ambient, and postnatal exposure estimates from ground monitoring systems and ascertained epilepsy cases or seizure events through record linkage with medical records, health registry systems, or insurance claims data. Commonly assessed exposures were particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and daily mean ambient temperature. Overall, the main findings across studies lacked consistency, with mixed results reported for the associations of air pollutants and temperature metrics with both seizure incidence and acute aggravations of epilepsy.
Understanding Echoics: Identifying Predictive Indicators of Vocal Imitation
Authors: Mason Lee , Bolds Alexis , Gavagan Maeve , Ninness Chris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA growing body of literature supports the use of echoic prompts toward conditioning other functional language skills. However, many individuals with autism spectrum disorder do not emit echoic behavior. Identifying the prerequisite skills of an echoic repertoire may be beneficial for intervention planning and clinical decision making. A chart review was conducted for 118 patients with autism who received early intensive behavioral intervention. We examined the Level 1 scores on the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (Sundberg, 2014) for all patients. Using their scores on the echoic skills subtest as a dependent variable, we ran a binomial logistic regression in which the remaining eight domains, along with age and sex, served as independent variables. Our logistic regression model was statistically significant: X2(10) = 109.61, p < .001. The model explained 86.0% of the variance in echoic verbal behavior and correctly classified 95.8% of cases. Patients who demonstrated a mand repertoire were greater than 3.5 times more likely to also exhibit an echoic repertoire. Additionally, vocal play and motor imitation were associated with an increased ability to echo. Using binomial logistic regression, we identified three predictors influencing the echoic behavior of children with autism. Patients who demonstrated these three skills were statistically significantly more likely to echo the vocal verbal behavior of others. Additional research is now needed to confirm a functional relationship between each of these predictors and echoic control.
Metabolic, genetic and immunological features of relatives of type 1 diabetes patients with elevated insulin resistance
Authors: Codazzi V. , Salvatore V. , Ragogna F. , Marzinotto I. , Anselmo A. , Baldoni N. , Pastore M. R. , Martinenghi S. , Stabilini A. , Bosi E. , Giustina A. , Piemonti L. , Libman I. , Ismail H. M. , Redondo M. J. , Lampasona V. , Monti P. , Giovenzana A. , Petrelli A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Objective
This study aims at exploring the genetic, metabolic, and immunological features associated with insulin resistance among individuals at risk of developing T1D.

Methods
We retrospectively selected relatives of individuals with T1D from participants in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study. They were categorized into two groups: high-H (n = 27) and low-H (n = 30), based on the upper and lower quartiles of insulin resistance assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Genetic predisposition was determined using the T1D Genetic Risk Score 1 (GRS1). Additionally, glucose control was evaluated through an oral glucose tolerance test and levels of metabolic hormones and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the serum. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to assess frequency and phenotype of islet-specific CD8 T cells.

Results
While GRS1 were similar between the low-H and high-H groups, high-H individuals displayed a distinct metabolic profile, characterized by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, even while maintaining normoglycemia. Circulating cytokine levels were similar between the two groups. However, immune profiling revealed a central memory and activated profile of GAD65-specific CD8 T cells, along with an increased frequency of insulin-specific CD8 T cells in high-H individuals. The enrichment in insulin-specific CD8 T cells was independent of body mass.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the intricate interplay between insulin resistance, genetic factors, and immune activation in the context of T1D susceptibility, indicating potential connections between insulin resistance and immune responses specific to islet cells.
Multimodal defect analysis and application of virtual machining for solid-state manufactured aluminium structure
Authors: Yakubov Vladislav , Ostergaard Halsey , Bhagavath Shishira , Leung Chu Lun Alex , Hughes James , Yasa Evren , Khezri Mani , Löschke Sandra K. , Li Qing , Paradowska Anna M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an emerging solid-state non-fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which produces parts with wrought-like material properties, high deposition rates, and low residual stresses. However, impact of process interruption on defect formation and mechanical properties has not yet been well addressed in the literature. In this study, Al6061 aluminium structure with two final heights and deposition interruption is successfully manufactured via AFSD and characterised. Defect analysis conducted via optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray computed tomography reveals > 99% relative density with minimal defects in centre of the parts. However, tunnel defects at interface between substrate and deposit as well as kissing bonds are present. Edge of deposit contains tunnel defects due to preference for greater material deposition on advancing side of rotating tool. Virtual machining highlights the ability to remove defects via post-processing, avoiding mechanical performance impact of stress concentrating pores. Electron backscatter diffraction revealed regions with localised shear bands that contain 1–5 µm equivalent circular diameter grains. Kissing bonds are exhibited in areas separated by large grain size difference. Meanwhile, Vickers hardness testing reveals hardness variation with deposit height. This work advances the understanding of complex microstructure development, material flow, and mechanical behaviour of AFSD Al6061 alloy.
Electromotive field in space and astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Bourdin Ph.-A. , Narita Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe concept of electromotive field appears in various applications in space and astrophysical plasmas. A review is given on the electromotive field highlighting our current understanding of the theoretical picture and the spacecraft observations in interplanetary space. The electromotive field is a key concept to successfully close the set of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic equations and also to construct a more complete picture of space plasma turbulence. Applications to astrophysical cases (Earth magnetosphere, heliospheric shocks, interstellar medium, and relativistic jets) are also briefly introduced, as well.
Effect of Cu addition on microstructure, wear, and corrosion resistance of AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cux (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) high-entropy alloys
Authors: Babilas Rafał , Kądziołka-Gaweł Mariola , Bajorek Anna , Gębara Piotr , Radoń Adrian , Warski Tymon , Bialas Oktawian , Spilka Monika , Łoński Wojciech , Młynarek-Żak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The influence of copper addition on the structure and selected properties of AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cux high-entropy alloys is described. Slowly cooled ingots were prepared by induction melting, and the samples in the form of plates were obtained by pressure casting. The conducted structural studies confirmed the presence of BCC/B2 phase. Microsegregation in the ingots was associated with the formation of intermetallic Cr3Si and Fe5Si3 phases. An increase in the cooling rate stopped segregation by reducing the mobility of Cr and Si. The hyperfine magnetic field distributions indicated the formation of the BCC Fe(Co,Ni,Si,Cr) solid solution for alloys in the form of plates. The lowest corrosion-current density (0.04 μA/cm2) in 3.5%-NaCl solution was obtained for the plate with the lowest copper content. The dominated aluminum surface states for the post-corrosive plates highlighted the binding energies of Al2O3. A tendency of reduced coercivity with increased copper content was observed. The positive effect of copper addition on wear resistance was confirmed for the AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cu0.1 alloy.
Unmasking camouflage: exploring the challenges of large language models in deciphering African American language & online performativity
Authors: Kleiner Shana , Grieser Jessica A. , Miller Shug , Shepard James , Garcia-Perez Javier , Deas Nick , Patton Desmond U. , Turcan Elsbeth , McKeown Kathleen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing accessibility of large language models (LLMs) has raised many questions about the reliability of probabilistically generated natural language responses. While researchers have documented how bias in the training data leads to biased and ethically problematic output, little attention has been paid to the problems which arise from the nature of the varieties of language on which these models are trained. In particular, certain kinds of expressive and performative language use are more common among African American social media users than they occur in the naturalistic speech of African Americans, a discrepancy which models may fail to take into account when they are training on easily-scraped data as being representative of African American speech. Because LLM training data is generally proprietary, in this work we simulate the training data using a collected dataset consisting of 274 posts from Twitter, Reddit, and Hip-Hop lyrics and analyze how LLMs interpreted their meaning. We highlight the difficulties LLMs, including GPT-3 and GPT-4, have in understanding performative AAL and examine how camouflaging and performativity are addressed (or not) by LLMs and demonstrate the harmful implications of misinterpreting online performance.
The anatomy of ride-hailing trips in the Jakarta metro: spatial patterns, trip-level characteristics, and interaction with other modes
Authors: Widita Alyas , Ikaputra  , Widyastuti Dyah T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a baseline understanding on the anatomy of car-based ride-hailing (CBRH) and motorcycle-based ride-hailing (MBRH) trips in emerging economies, using the case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Leveraging innovative urban data collection technologies, as manifested in an app-based travel survey with high granularity, this study unravels the spatial patterns of ride-hailing trips, trip-level characteristics (purpose, distance, time of day, duration), and their interaction with other modes, particularly transit. Based on recorded ride-hailing trips and a suite of descriptive analyses, findings suggest that: 1) ride-hailing is primarily a central city phenomenon, with most trips occurring to and from dense and spatially mixed neighborhoods; 2) there are substantial differences in trip characteristics between CBRH and MBRH; and 3) a predominant share of ride-hailing trips are stand-alone trips, coupled with insights that nearly 40% of ride-hailing trips likely fill the gap where quality transit services are lacking.
Comparative study of electron temperature and ion energy in two different magnetic nozzle thruster designs
Authors: Schäfer Clara E. , Schmidt Jens , Plettenberg Felix , Chan Yung-An , Grabe Martin , Schramm Jan Martinez , Holste Kristof , Klar Peter J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConventional ion thruster technologies face challenges such as electrode and grid erosion and the need for additional neutralizer devices. In this article, we discuss two thruster concepts that achieve plasma acceleration by means of a magnetic nozzle, and thus avoid the need of a neutralizer device. The concept of a magnetic nozzle converting the thermal energy available in the electrons movement to ion kinetic energy is a well accepted model in the community. We discuss a novel thruster concept based on electrode-less electron cyclotron resonance plasma generation via a slot antenna design. The geometry of this thruster concept results in a converging-diverging character of the magnetic field topology along the plume direction. To this date it is not known in which way this new thruster design influences the electron dynamics and thus the ion energy. To understand the correlation between ion energy and electron temperature of this thruster system, it is compared with a well-known thruster prototype operating on similar principles, however, realizing microwave coupling and magnetic field topology in a different way. Both thruster designs operate within comparable power, frequency, and volume flow ranges. The ion energy with maximum probability is measured for both thrusters using a retarding potential analyzer in the same vacuum environment. Additionally, the electron temperature is measured with a Langmuir probe for various operation points of the thrusters, differing in input power level, volume flow, set excitation frequency, and argon or xenon as propellant.