bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing validity of tropical cyclone warnings under global warming
Authors: Kang Nam-Young , Elsner James B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHurricanes and typhoons are a regular threat to large populations across the globe. Facing the potential of a storm disaster the warning process and associated administrative activities across the western North Pacific are confounded by various tropical cyclone classifications. Here, we show that current storm warning categories have suffered from the warming environment over the past decades. Warning now at an average of one out of four storms, the category of ‘‘Super typhoon’’ from U.S. Joint Typhoon Warning Center is seriously influenced by the warming environment. The categories of ‘‘Very strong typhoon’’ from Japan Meteorological Agency, ‘‘Hurricane category 4’’ from U.S. National Hurricane Center and the higher now occur as often as one per nearly every three storms. The cumulative proportions of storms falling into all warning categories are enlarging, which is interpreted as an increasing threat but the frequency of warnings is potentially making the warnings less effective.
Service Provision for Children Who Are Hard of Hearing at Preschool and Elementary School Ages
Authors: Page Thomas A. , Harrison Melody , Moeller Mary Pat , Oleson Jacob , Arenas Richard M. , Spratford Meredith 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
To characterize preschool and school services for children who are hard of hearing (CHH), we described service setting, amount, and configuration and analyzed the relationship between service receipt and student hearing levels and language scores. Characteristics of professionals providing services were described and then used to predict level of comfort with skills supporting listening and spoken language. The amount of provider communication with children's audiologists was also investigated.

Method

Participants included parents of CHH (preschool
n
= 174; school
n
= 155) and professionals (preschool
n
= 133; school
n
= 104) who completed interviews and questionnaires as part of a longitudinal study. Children's hearing, speech, and language data were collected from annual testing and analyzed in relation to service data.

Results
A majority (81%) of preschool-age CHH received services. Children were more likely to be in a preschool for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (CDHH) or exceptional children than a general education preschool. By elementary school, 70% received services, nearly all in general education settings. Sessions averaged twice a week for a total of approximately 90 min. Children who no longer received services performed significantly better on speech/language measures than those who received services, regardless of service setting. Professionals were primarily speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and teachers of CDHH. SLPs reported significantly less comfort with skills involving auditory development and hearing technologies and less frequent communication with the child's audiologists than teachers of CDHH. Overall communication with audiologists was more frequent in the preschool years.

Conclusions
As preschool-age CHH transition into school, the majority continue to qualify for services. Congruent with national trends, school-age CHH in the Outcomes of Children with Hearing Loss study were most often in general education settings. Without specialized preprofessional or postgraduate training, SLPs and teachers of CDHH did not report comfort with all the skills critical to developing listening and spoken language. This finding supports the need for increased implementation of interprofessional practice among SLPs and teachers of CDHH, as well as audiologists, to best meet the needs unique to this population.
Sexuelle Identität, der Konsum von Alkohol und anderen Drogen, gesundheitliche Probleme und Behandlungsansätze: Ein unsystematischer Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Vogt Irmgard 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Zahlen von Menschen, die ihre sexuelle Identität nicht als heterosexuell sondern als schwul, lesbisch, bisexuell oder in einer anderen Kategorie definieren, steigen seit Jahren leicht an; man schätzt, dass in westlichen Ländern ca. 5% der Bevölkerung zu den sexuellen Minderheiten zu rechnen sind. Diese Studie ist darauf angelegt, die psychischen Problemlagen der sexuellen Minoritäten anhand US-amerikanischer Bevölkerungsstudien sowie weiterer wichtiger Studien aus anderen Ländern genauer darzustellen.
Ergebnisse Zusammenfassend ergibt sich Folgendes: Unabhängig vom Geschlecht liegt der Konsum von Alkohol und anderen Drogen sowie die Abhängigkeit von diesen Stoffen mindestens auf dem Niveau der heterosexuellen Männer. Lesbisch/schwule und bisexuelle Frauen sind noch etwas stärker durch den Konsum von psychoaktiven Substanzen belastet als schwule und bisexuelle Männer. Untersucht man Belastungen durch Depressionen und Suizidversuche, findet man wiederum bei den sexuellen Minoritäten höhere Belastungen. LSB-Frauen haben die höchsten Raten hinsichtlich Depressionen und Ängsten. Darüber hinaus weisen die Daten darauf hin, dass bisexuelle Männer und Frauen hohe psychische Belastungen haben. Alles in allem genommen ist davon auszugehen, dass die sexuellen Minoritäten einen relativ hohen Bedarf an Behandlungen ihrer psychischen Störungen haben. Dennoch gibt es bislang nur sehr wenige Behandlungsprogramme mit der Zielgruppe: sexuelle Minoritäten.
Schlussfolgerungen Wir benötigen dringend deutsche Studien zu sexuellen Minoritäten allgemein und besonders zu trans*  Personen mit ihren sehr spezifischen Problemlagen. Die Studien sollten neben den Substanzkonsumstörungen der sexuellen Minoritäten auch andere psychische Störungen erfassen. Kenntnisse über die psychische Befindlichkeit sexueller Minoritäten sind die Grundlage für optimale Behandlungsgestaltungen.
Palladium-Catalyzed Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl-Mediated Gas-Free Carbonylative Reactions
Authors: Odell Luke , Larhed Mats , Åkerbladh Linda 
Published: October 2018

This account summarizes Pd(0)-catalyzed Mo(CO)6-mediated gas-free carbonylative reactions published in the period October 2011 to May 2018. Presented reactions include inter- and intramolecular carbonylations, carbonylative cross-couplings, and carbonylative multicomponent reactions using Mo(CO)6 as a solid source of CO. The presented methodologies were developed mainly for small-scale applications, avoiding the problematic use of gaseous CO in a standard laboratory. In most cases, the reported Mo(CO)6-mediated carbonylations were conducted in sealed vials or by using two-chamber solutions.1	Introduction2	Recent Developments2.1	New CO Sources2.2	Two-Chamber System for ex Situ CO Generation2.3	Multicomponent Carbonylations3	Carbonylations with N and O Nucleophiles4	Carbonylative Cross-Coupling Reactions with Organometallics5	Carbonylative Cascade Reactions6	Carbonylative Cascade, Multistep Reactions7	Summary and Outlook
Development of New Electrophiles in Palladium/Norbornene-Catalyzed ortho-Functionalization of Aryl Halides
Authors: Gu Zhenhua , Zhao Kun , Ding Linlin 
Published: October 2018

This account focuses on our work in palladium/norbornene-catalyzed selective ortho-arylation and ortho-acylation of aryl halides. It will discuss our synthetic plan, initial design and revised strategy in the enantioselective synthesis of the rhazinal family of natural products. It also shows our efforts on the α-acylation reaction by the cleavage of various C(O)–X bonds, along with some mechanistic studies.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of the Rhazinal Family of Natural Products2.1	Initial Design2.2	Revised Strategy2.3	Enantioselective Synthesis of the Rhazinal Family of Natural Products3	Catalytic ortho-Acylation3.1	Acid Chloride and Anhydride Strategy3.2	Cleavage of C(O)–S Bond of Thioesters by Pd, Norbornene and Copper Cocatalysis4	Decarboxylative Alkynylation5	Conclusion
An Evaluation of the Stress Pattern Distribution for Orthodontic Tooth Movements – A Finite Element Study
Authors: Gupta Sameer , Gupta Garima , Sharma Manisha , Sharma Pooja , Goyal Sachin , kumar Pradeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate stress pattern distribution in the periodontal ligament during various orthodontic tooth movements. Methods: A 3 dimensional FEM model of upper central incisor was developed from C.T scan images of the skull excluding the mandible. The principal stress obtained on the periodontal ligament due to various orthodontic loadings (tipping, bodily movement, intrusion, extrusion and rotations) were tested. Results: Intrusion, extrusion and rotation produced stresses concentrated at apex of root. Bodily movement and tipping forces produce stress concentrated at the alveolar crest and not at the root apex. Conclusion: Clinical implications of this study suggests that if the clinician is concerned about placing heavy stresses on the root apex then vertical and rotational forces must be applied with caution.
Effect of Reinforcement on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Molars by Various Bonded Restorations-An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dhillon Jaidev , Passi Sachin , Chhabra Ajay ,   Ramandeep,   Raghav
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars reinforced with various bonded restorations and to study the type of fractures in various restorations. Methods: Forty extracted mandibular molars were endodontically treated. MOD (Mesio-Occluso-Distal) cavities were prepared and Mesio-Buccal cusp was reduced in all to provide cuspal coverage. All the teeth were then divided into 4 groups. The cavities in group 1(control) were filled with high copper amalgam. Group 2 was restored with direct resin composite. In group 3 after the priming and bonding procedures as in group 2, cavity surfaces were coated with flowable resin composite. Before curing a piece of polyethylene ribbon fiber was cut and coated with adhesive resin and was embedded inside the flowable composite. The resin composite was cured with visible light cure (VLC) gun. For group 4, restorations were done according to the recommendations provided by the manufacturers of SR Adoro (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composite material. Compressive fracture strength test was performed after at least 24 hours of the fabrication of the specimens, by application of compressive loading in a Universal testing machine, applied on the occlusal aspect of each specimen with a steel bar. The mean loads necessary to fracture were recorded in Newton and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Group 4 (indirect composite inlay) had the greater fracture resistance and group 1(Amalgam) had the poorest. Difference between group 1 and 3, group 1 and 4, group 2 and 4 were statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between group 1 and 2, group 2 and 3, group 3 and 4. Predominant type of fracture in group 1 and 3 was fracture of tooth below cemento enamel junction at tooth restoration interface without mesio buccal cusp involvement. In group 2 and 4, predominant fractures were of tooth below cemento enamel junction through center of restoration without mesio–buccal cusp involvement.
Oral Health Status Among Athletes in Jaipur, Rajasthan - A Descriptive Study
Authors: S. Naganandini , Mahuli Amit , Yadav Roma , Manchanda Kavita , Jangid Poonam ,   Himani
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Oral health is important both for the well-being and successful elite sporting performance. Athletes are at a greater risk of having dental caries, dental erosion and traumatic dental injuries. So this study was taken up to focus on this issue. Objectives: i) To assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion, dental trauma, oral mucosal lesions, dental caries and periodontal status among athletes, using WHO oral health assessment form 2013. ii) To plan appropriate oral diseases prevention and oral health promotion strategy for athletes. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among athletes in SMS STADIUM Jaipur. Clinical examination of the athletes was carried out with the help of WHO proforma 2013. Results: A total of 300 athletes were included with 217(72.3%) males and 83(27.66%) females in the age group of 10-35 years with a mean age of 22±5.04 years. Of the participants, 55.3% participants reported the use of energy drinks. 50% reported using chewing gums (sweetened) and 20.6% reported the use of mouth guard during their activities. Around 70% of the athletes were having DMFT, out of them 68.66% had decayed teeth and only 12.66% had filled teeth. 9.3% of the athletes had enamel erosion. 8.33% & 8.66% of athletes were having treated injury and enamel fracture, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes are more prone to dental caries because of less care towards oral hygiene and extensive use of sweetened chewing gums and energy drinks.
Cryo-EM structures of ASC and NLRC4 CARD filaments reveal a unified mechanism of nucleation and activation of caspase-1
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Tian-Min , Lu Alvin , Witt Kristen , Ruan Jianbin , Shen Chen , Wu Hao 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that detect the presence of pathogens and damages to elicit immune responses, and dysregulation in inflammasome signaling is associated with many human diseases. As the unified downstream effector of canonical inflammasomes, caspase-1 is recruited though CARD–CARD interactions with the adaptor proteins ASC or NLRC4. We have determined the cryo-EM structures of ASC CARD and NLRC4 CARD filaments. Using multidisciplinary methods, we reveal a common mechanism of caspase-1 CARD nucleation, assembly, and activation by equivalent assembly patterns in ASC and NLRC4. Collectively, our data provide insights into inflammasome assembly and activation and afford structural platforms for modulating these CARD–CARD interactions in potential therapeutic applications.
Dimensions of variation across Internet registers
Authors: Berber Sardinha Tony 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a study that sought to identify the dimensions of variation underlying a corpus of Internet texts, usingBiber’s (1988)multi-dimensional (MD) analysis framework. The corpus was compiled following the method proposed byBiber (1993), according to which the size of each register subcorpus should be determined based on the linguistic variation across the texts. The corpus was tagged using theBiber Taggerand the features were counted and submitted to a factor analysis, which suggested three factors. The factors were interpreted as three dimensions of variation: involved, interactive discourse versus informational focus; expression of stance: interactional evidentiality; and expression of stance: interactional affect. The amount of register variation captured by the register distinctions on the dimensions ranged from 8.7% to 57.1%. Dimension 1 corroborate the oral/involved versus literate/informational distinction defined in previous MD studies of non-Internet registers, whereas Dimensions 2 and 3 highlight the important role played by stance in social media.
Genomic index selection provides a pragmatic framework for setting and refining multi-objective breeding targets in Miscanthus
Authors: Slavov Gancho T , Davey Christopher L , Bosch Maurice , Robson Paul R H , Donnison Iain S , Mackay Ian J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMiscanthus has potential as a biomass crop but the development of varieties that are consistently superior to the natural hybrid M. × giganteus has been challenging, presumably because of strong G × E interactions and poor knowledge of the complex genetic architectures of traits underlying biomass productivity and climatic adaptation. While linkage and association mapping studies are starting to generate long lists of candidate regions and even individual genes, it seems unlikely that this information can be translated into effective marker-assisted selection for the needs of breeding programmes. Genomic selection has emerged as a viable alternative, and prediction accuracies are moderate across a range of phenological and morphometric traits in Miscanthus, though relatively low for biomass yield per se.MethodsWe have previously proposed a combination of index selection and genomic prediction as a way of overcoming the limitations imposed by the inherent complexity of biomass yield. Here we extend this approach and illustrate its potential to achieve multiple breeding targets simultaneously, in the absence of a priori knowledge about their relative economic importance, while also monitoring correlated selection responses for non-target traits. We evaluate two hypothetical scenarios of increasing biomass yield by 20 % within a single round of selection. In the first scenario, this is achieved in combination with delaying flowering by 44 d (roughly 20 %), whereas, in the second, increased yield is targeted jointly with reduced lignin (–5 %) and increased cellulose (+5 %) content, relative to current average levels in the breeding population.Key ResultsIn both scenarios, the objectives were achieved efficiently (selection intensities corresponding to keeping the best 20 and 4 % of genotypes, respectively). However, the outcomes were strikingly different in terms of correlated responses, and the relative economic values (i.e. value per unit of change in each trait compared with that for biomass yield) of secondary traits included in selection indices varied considerably.ConclusionsAlthough these calculations rely on multiple assumptions, they highlight the need to evaluate breeding objectives and explicitly consider correlated responses in silico, prior to committing extensive resources. The proposed approach is broadly applicable for this purpose and can readily incorporate high-throughput phenotyping data as part of integrated breeding platforms.
PiGx: reproducible genomics analysis pipelines with GNU Guix
Authors: Wurmus Ricardo , Uyar Bora , Osberg Brendan , Franke Vedran , Gosdschan Alexander , Wreczycka Katarzyna , Ronen Jonathan , Akalin Altuna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In bioinformatics, as well as other computationally intensive research fields, there is a need for workflows that can reliably produce consistent output, from known sources, independent of the software environment or configuration settings of the machine on which they are executed. Indeed, this is essential for controlled comparison between different observations and for the wider dissemination of workflows. However, providing this type of reproducibility and traceability is often complicated by the need to accommodate the myriad dependencies included in a larger body of software, each of which generally comes in various versions. Moreover, in many fields (bioinformatics being a prime example), these versions are subject to continual change due to rapidly evolving technologies, further complicating problems related to reproducibility. Here, we propose a principled approach for building analysis pipelines and managing their dependencies with GNU Guix. As a case study to demonstrate the utility of our approach, we present a set of highly reproducible pipelines called PiGx for the analysis of RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, bisulfite-treated DNA sequencing, and single-cell resolution RNA sequencing. All pipelines process raw experimental data and generate reports containing publication-ready plots and figures, with interactive report elements and standard observables. Users may install these highly reproducible packages and apply them to their own datasets without any special computational expertise beyond the use of the command line. We hope such a toolkit will provide immediate benefit to laboratory workers wishing to process their own datasets or bioinformaticians seeking to automate all, or parts of, their analyses. In the long term, we hope our approach to reproducibility will serve as a blueprint for reproducible workflows in other areas. Our pipelines, along with their corresponding documentation and sample reports, are available at http://bioinformatics.mdc-berlin.de/pigx
Helicobacter pylori induces intracellular galectin-8 aggregation around damaged lysosomes within gastric epithelial cells in a host O-glycan-dependent manner
Authors: Li Fang-Yen , Weng I-Chun , Lin Chun-Hung , Kao Mou-Chieh , Wu Ming-Shiang , Chen Huan-Yuan , Liu Fu-Tong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGalectin-8, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is upregulated in the gastric tissues of rhesus macaques infected with Helicobacter pylori. In this study, we found that H. pylori infection triggers intracellular galectin-8 aggregation in human-derived AGS gastric epithelial cells, and that these aggregates colocalize with lysosomes. Notably, this aggregation is markedly reduced following the attenuation of host O-glycan processing. This indicates that H. pylori infection induces lysosomal damage, which in turn results in the accumulation of cytosolic galectin-8 around damaged lysosomes through the recognition of exposed vacuolar host O-glycans. H. pylori-induced galectin-8 aggregates also colocalize with autophagosomes, and galectin-8 ablation reduces the activation of autophagy by H. pylori. This suggests that galectin-8 aggregates may enhance autophagy activity in infected cells. We also observed that both autophagy and NDP52, an autophagy adapter, contribute to the augmentation of galectin-8 aggregation by H. pylori. Additionally, vacuolating cytotoxin A, a secreted H. pylori cytotoxin, may contribute to the increased galectin-8 aggregation and elevated autophagy response in infected cells. Collectively, these results suggest that H. pylori promotes intracellular galectin-8 aggregation, and that galectin-8 aggregation and autophagy may reciprocally regulate each other during infection.