bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the kinetics of individual aqueous reaction steps of actinyl (AnO2
+ and AnO2
2+; An=U, Np, and Pu) tricarbonate complexes with ferrous iron and hydrogen sulfide from first principles
Authors: Bender Will M. , Becker Udo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The solubility and mobility of actinides (An), like uranium, neptunium, and plutonium, in the environment largely depends on their oxidation states. Actinyls (AnV,VIO2
+/2+
(aq)) form strong complexes with available ligands, like carbonate (CO3
2−), which may inhibit reduction to relatively insoluble AnIVO2(s). Here we use quantum-mechanical calculations to explore the kinetics of aqueous homogeneous reaction paths of actinyl tricarbonate complexes ([AnO2(CO3)3]5−/4−) with two different reductants, [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4]0 and [H2S(H2O)6]0. Energetically-favorable outer-sphere complexes (OSC) are found to form rapidly, on the order of milliseconds to seconds over a wide actinyl concentration range (pM to mM). The systems then encounter energy barriers (E
a), some of which are prohibitively high (>100 kJ/mol for some neptunyl and plutonyl reactions with Fe2+ and H2S), that define the transition from outer- to inner-sphere complex (ISC; for example, calculated E
a of ISC formation between UO2
+ and UO2
2+ with Fe2+ are 35 and 74 kJ/mol, respectively). In some reactions, multiple OSCs are observed that represent different hydrogen bonding networks between solvent molecules and carbonate. Even when forming ISCs, electron transfer to reduce An6+ and An5+ is not observed (no change in atomic spin values or lengthening of An–Oax bond distances). Proton transfer from bicarbonate and water to actinyl O was tested as a mechanism for electron transfer from Fe2+ to U6+ and Pu6+. Not all proton transfer reactions yielded reduction of An6+ to An5+ and only a few pathways were energetically-favorable (e. g. H+ transfer from H2O to drive Pu6+ reduction to Pu5+ with ΔE = −5 kJ/mol). The results suggest that the tricarbonate complex serves as an effective shield against actinide reduction in the tested reactions and will maintain actinyl solubility at elevated pH conditions. The results highlight reaction steps, such as inner-sphere complex formation and electron transfer, which may be rate-limiting. Thus, this study may serve as the basis for future research on how they can be catalyzed by a mineral surface in a heterogeneous process.
Zum Rechtsschutz von Fideikommissen im Prinzipat
Authors: Babusiaux Ulrike 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
„Es wäre auch ein ganz aussichtsloses Beginnen, wollten wir es versuchen, aus den wenigen unsicheren Andeutungen der Quellen ein nur in den Grundzügen zuverlässiges Bild des Fideikommißverfahrens zu entwerfen"
K. Salkowski, in: C.L. Arndt (Hg.), Ausführliche Erläuterung der Pandekten nach Hellfeld, Ein Commentar begründet von Christian Friedrich v. Glück, 49. Theil, Erlangen 1889, 609.
.

Judicial protection of fideicommissa during the principate. The enforcement of fideicommissa via cognitio extra ordinem from the time of Augustus onwards has led much of the scholarship to neglect the evidence for agere per formulas in this field. The paper attempts to show that until the late Severan age, fideicommissa were enforced via both procedures. For fideicommissa hereditatis, it is shown that both the senatus consultum Trebellianum and the senatus consultum Pegasianum functioned with the formulary procedure and were therefore enacted by the ordinary praetor. The cognitio in this respect seems to have been limited to the determination of the existence, the content and the consequences of a fideicommissum. For pecuniary fideicommissa over singular items, a similar partition can be assumed. In fact, safeguarding the fideicommissum through cautio fideicommissorum servandorum causa and missio rei servandae causa was attributed to the ordinary praetor also in charge of the protection of legata: only the petitio fideicommissaria itself was left to the imperial officials and their cognitio.
D. 46,2,31,1: Eine Notiz zur dotis dictio im Korrealverhältnis
Authors: Wimmer Markus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

On dotis dictio in D. 46,2,31,1. Some remarks on two creditors (correi stipulandi), when a dotis dictio (a formal constitution of a dos) is mixed in. The wife delegates her debitor to her (future) husband, which is shown in Venuleius D. 46,2, 31,1.
Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung: Entwicklung, Konzepte und Wirkungen
Authors: Bauer Frank , Fuchs Philipp 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung ist seit der Einführung des Arbeitsförderungsgesetzes 1969 Bestandteil der deutschen Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Der Aufsatz zeichnet die Nutzung der verschiedenen Formen dieses Instruments nach und referiert die zentralen Befunde zu dessen Wirkungen auf die Geförderten. Dabei wird ein Bogen gespannt von den Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen der 80er Jahre über die arbeitsmarktpolitische Bearbeitung der Wiedervereinigung und die „Hartz-Reformen“ bis hin zu aktuellen Modellprojekten, die neue Ansätze in der Umsetzung öffentlich geförderter Beschäftigung erproben. Im Fokus stehen sowohl die Beschäftigungseffekte als auch die Frage nach der Ermöglichung sozialer Teilhabe durch öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung. Die arbeitsmarktpolitischen Implikationen für die Ausgestaltung eines sozialen Arbeitsmarkts werden abschließend anhand der aktuellen Erkenntnisse aus den Evaluationen der Modellprojekte in Baden-Württemberg und Nordrhein-Westfalen diskutiert.
Pflegende Angehörige in Deutschland: Wer pflegt, wo, für wen und wie?
Authors: Ehrlich Ulrike , Kelle Nadiya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pflegende Familienangehörige sind das Rückgrat des deutschen Pflegesystems. Bisher ist jedoch wenig darüber bekannt, welche Personen sich für oder gegen die Übernahme von Hilfe- oder Pflegetätigkeiten entscheiden sowie darüber, wie Pflegearrangements ausgestaltet sind. Unter Verwendung von Daten aus der Innovationsstichprobe des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP-IS 2016) schließen wir diese Forschungslücken. Ein Vergleich zwischen Personen, die mindestens eine hilfe- oder pflegebedürftige Person kennen und entschieden haben, diese (i) zu pflegen beziehungsweise (ii) nicht zu pflegen, zeigt, dass Hilfe- oder Pflegetätigkeiten signifikant häufiger von Menschen im höheren Alter, von Frauen sowie von Verheirateten übernommen werden, während signifikante Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich Bildungsabschluss, Erwerbsstatus und Einkommen nicht bestehen. Entscheidungen für die (Nicht-) Übernahme von Hilfe- oder Pflegetätigkeiten hängen vor allem davon ab, wer die hilfe- oder pflegebedürftige Person ist, wo diese lebt und welche Pflegebedarfe sie hat. Unsere Ergebnisse zu den Pflegearrangements zeigen, dass im eigenen Haushalt am häufigsten die (Ehe-)Partner/-innen und außerhalb des eigenen Haushalts die (Schwieger-)Eltern gepflegt werden. Die Pflege im eigenen Haushalt ist mit Abstand am zeitintensivsten; zugleich erhalten diese Pflegepersonen am seltensten Unterstützung durch andere Personen. In einem institutionellen Kontext helfen Pflegepersonen häufig Menschen mit hohen Pflegebedarfen, erhalten zugleich aber auch am häufigsten Unterstützung durch Andere.
Centromere-Proximal Meiotic Crossovers inDrosophila melanogasterAre Suppressed by Both Highly Repetitive Heterochromatin and Proximity to the Centromere
Authors: Hartmann Michaelyn , Umbanhowar James , Sekelsky Jeff 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrossovers are essential for the accurate segregation of chromosomes, but it is important that they be properly positioned. Crossovers must not occur too close to the centromere, but reduced crossover density may extend outward for some distance...Crossovers are essential in meiosis of most organisms to ensure the proper segregation of chromosomes, but improper placement of crossovers can result in nondisjunction and aneuploidy in progeny. In particular, crossovers near the centromere can cause nondisjunction. Centromere-proximal crossovers are suppressed by what is termed the centromere effect, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we investigate contributions to centromere-proximal crossover suppression in Drosophila melanogaster. We mapped a large number of centromere-proximal crossovers, and find that crossovers are essentially absent from the highly repetitive (HR)-heterochromatin surrounding the centromere but occur at a low frequency within the less-repetitive (LR)-heterochromatic region and adjacent euchromatin. Previous research suggested that flies that lack the Bloom syndrome helicase (Blm) lose meiotic crossover patterning, including the centromere effect. Mapping of centromere-proximal crossovers in Blm mutants reveals that the suppression within the HR-heterochromatin is intact, but the distance-dependent centromere effect is lost. We conclude that centromere-proximal crossovers are suppressed by two separable mechanisms: an HR-heterochromatin effect that completely suppresses crossovers in the HR-heterochromatin, and the centromere effect, which suppresses crossovers with a dissipating effect with distance from the centromere.
Fixed points of multivalued nonlinear F-contractions on complete metric spaces
Authors: Altun Ishak , Mınak Gülhan , Olgun Murat 
Published: July 2019

We introduce a new concept for multivalued maps, also called multivalued nonlinear F-contraction, and give a fixed point result. Our result is a proper generalization of some recent fixed point theorems including the famous theorem of Klim and Wardowski [D. Klim, D. Wardowski, Fixed point theorems for set-valued contractions in complete metric spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 334(1):132–139, 2007].
Chemotherapy Toxicity in BRCA Mutation Carriers Undergoing First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Weitzner Omar , Yagur Yael , Kadan Yfat , Beiner Mario E. , Fishman Ami , Ben Ezry Emilie , Amitai Komem Daphna , Helpman Limor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
BRCA mutations are the most frequent mutations causing homologous recombination defects in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). Germline mutation carriers are heterozygous for the mutation and harbor one defective allele in all cells. This has been hypothesized to cause increased susceptibility to DNA damage in healthy cells as well as neoplastic ones. Our objective was to assess chemotherapy-associated toxicities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with and without a germline BRCA mutation.

Mateials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients with EOC receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy at a single center between 2006 and 2016. Indices of chemotoxicity, including blood counts, transfusion requirements, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (gCSF) prescriptions, episodes of febrile neutropenia, and treatment delays were compared for BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers.

Results
A total of 90 women met the inclusion criteria, including 31 BRCA mutation carriers (34%) and 59 noncarriers (66%). Mean hemoglobin, neutrophil count, and platelet counts during treatment were comparable for the two patient groups. There was a trend toward a higher frequency of hematological events in BRCA mutation carriers (neutropenia &lt;1500 per mL: 6% vs. 0%, p = .12; thrombocytopenia &lt;100,000 per mL: 23% vs. 9%, p = .07), but these differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, no significant differences were found in surrogates of bone marrow toxicity such as blood transfusions, use of gCSF, episodes of febrile neutropenia, or treatment delays.

Conclusion
BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for EOC have similar hematologic toxicity profiles. Clinicians treating these patients can be reassured that chemotherapy dosing or schedule do not require adjustment in patients carrying BRCA mutations.

Implications for Practice
Patients with ovarian cancer carrying BRCA mutations are more likely to have serous tumors and present with higher CA125 levels. Germline BRCA mutation status is not associated with increased frequency of adverse hematologic events among patients with ovarian cancer being treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Germline BRCA mutations are also not associated with more treatment delays or a lower number of courses completed in this patient population. These findings should reassure practitioners engaged in care for patients with ovarian cancer that BRCA mutation status most likely will not affect chemotherapy dosing or schedule.
Exclusión e inclusión: lectura de narrativas de un grupo de jóvenes constructores/as de paz
Authors: Cardona Lopes Marta , Loaiza de la Pava Julian , Ospina Serna Hector Fabio 
Published: July 2019

Los sujetos como productos y productores directos de una cultura específica y, por tanto, de una realidad histórica única construyen su ser en el mundo a partir una compleja gama de relaciones y rasgos identitarios; los cuales facilitan afirmar que abstracciones de la vida social como: la edad, la etnia, los roles sociales,la clase social, el sexo, el género y la orientación sexual de las personas terminan siendo definitivas en la configuración de dichas identidades y, por supuesto, de la forma como cada ser humano es concebido, valorado, reconocido e integrado al interior de su grupo social. En este sentido, el texto recoge una lectura de las categorías de exclusión e inclusión, a partir de las narrativas de un grupo de jóvenes constructores/ as de paz habitantes de zonas de ciudades colombianas como: Cartagena, Manizales y Cali caracterizadas por la violencia generalizada, la reiterada vulneración y violación de los Derechos humanos y por estar involucradas en un proceso de formación y configuración de nuevas prácticas de participación política ciudadana, desde la escuela como escenario de socialización.
On the mN, M Relation for Eastern North American Earthquakes
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Boore David M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A stochastic model of ground motion has been used as a basis for comparison of data and theoretically-predicted relations between mN (commonly denoted by mbLg) and moment magnitude for eastern North America (ENA) earthquakes. mN magnitudes are recomputed for several historical ENA earthquakes, to ensure consistency of definition and provide a meaningful data set. We show that by itself the magnitude relation cannot be used as a discriminant between two specific spectral scaling relations, one with constant stress and the other with stress increasing with seismic moment, that have been proposed for ENA earthquakes.
Attenuation of Seismic Waves in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Authors: Al-Shukri Haydar , Mitchell Brian J. , Ghalib Hafidh A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Average frequency-independent Q values have been determined for the upper crust in a 105 × 105 km region centered around the active portion of the New Madrid seismic zone using the spectral decay of P waves from local earthquakes. Q values generally increase with increasing path length, both inside and outside the active region, a result which suggests that Q increases with depth in the upper crust. Q values for paths which are largely confined to the active region are reduced by 1/2 to 1/3 compared to those values for paths outside the active region. The low Q values correlate spatially with regions of low seismic velocity found previously for the New Madrid region (Al-Shukri and Mitchell, 1988), and can be explained by a greater density of fluid-filled cracks in the seismically active region than in the surrounding regions.
A Model for Major Intraplate Continental Earthquakes
Authors: Long Leland Timothy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Traditional paradigms of continental seismicity assert the stationarity of the earthquake process and a causal association of earthquakes with active faults, increasing levels of stress, and crustal structures, in a framework of Plate Tectonics. I propose, instead, that the seismicity associated with a magnitude six or greater intraplate continental earthquake is a transient phenomenon responding to a perturbation in crustal strength independent of existing faults and crustal structures. Regional plate stress may still provide the driving energy, but the causative stress is released by a perturbation in crustal strength in the vicinity of a major earthquake. The timing of a major earthquake and the characteristics of the associated seismicity may then be described by a sequence of five phases which are as follows: (1) Initiation. A major intraplate continental earthquake is initiated with a disturbance in the hydraulic or thermal properties of the crust below the epicenter. Such disturbances could be induced by the intrusion of a sill or by partial melting. (2) Strength corrosion. A corrosion in crustal strength follows the upward migration of fluids or heat from the area of recent disturbance. (3) Stress concentration. As a weakened central zone deforms in response to tectonic plate stress, stresses are concentrated in the surrounding rigid crust. (4) Failure. A major earthquake occurs when the stress surrounding the weakened core exceeds the crustal strength, either because the concentrated stresses are anomalously high or because the dispersing fluids have spread beyond the core. (5) Crustal healing. The final phase in the occurrence of a major intraplate continental earthquake is an extended aftershock sequence which is concentrated along the rupture zone of the main event. The occurrence of a major intraplate earthquake as described above releases the strain energy in a perturbed area. Additional major events would be unlikely until the strength has recovered sufficiently to equalize intraplate stress and permit a repeat of the cycle.
Long-term Cyclicities in Earthquake Energy Release and Major River Flow Volumes in Virginia and Missouri Seismic Zones
Authors: Bollinger G. A. , Costain J. K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We have investigated the time series for earthquake strain energy releases and flow volumes for the major rivers that bisect the regions of seismicity in Virginia (Giles County; central Virginia) and Missouri (New Madrid) seismic zones. Our procedure is to integrate with respect to time over data lengths up to 70 years duration and then to subtract a least squares straight-line fit. The resulting residual earthquake and flow volume time series and their spectral densities both exhibit dominant periods in the 20–30 year range.
These common cyclities lend support for an important role of water in intraplate seismogenesis. The fracture permeability of crystalline rocks, caused by a long history of compressional and extensional tectonic episodes, together with the driving potential supplied by long-term cyclical variations in streamflow, can result in the diffusion of fluid pressure transients to focal depths as deep as 20 km. At those depths there is also present a quasi-static, hydrolytic weakening effect of water on asperities present in the fault zones. This combination of mechanical and chemical effects can cause intraplate earthquakes in highly-stressed crustal volumes.
Hydroseismicity – A Viable Trigger Mechanism in the New Madrid Seismic Zone?
Authors: Ervin C. Patrick , El-Hussain Issa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A pressure wave, initiated by water loading and propagating downward through subsurface water contained in fractures, has been hypothesized as a mechanism for triggering earthquakes along pre-existing faults at depths up to 15–20 km. Such a triggering wave might evidence itself by a coincident wave of descending seismicity. In the New Madrid region, seismicity has been reported to correlate with river stage, but usually with a lag of one to several months. River stage data from New Madrid and earthquake data from the St. Louis University’s microseismic network were examined for evidence of a time-lag in seismic activity with depth during the interval from Jan. 1, 1978, to May 31, 1987. The earthquake data include only events for which computed depths were available. The earthquakes were sorted by focal depth into two subsets of 3 km and 4 km thick layers, respectively. Earthquake data, represented by both number of events and strain factor [energy release], and river stage data were averaged over monthly intervals. Cross correlations were computed between stage and each layer. In addition, the earthquake sequences for each layer were cross correlated with those of the next layer. No evidence for a seismicity wave was found.
A Student’s Guide to and Review of Moment Tensors
Authors: Jost M. L. , Herrmann R. B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A review of a moment tensor for describing a general seismic point source is presented to show a second order moment tensor can be related to simpler seismic source descriptions such as centers of expansion and double couples. A review of literature is followed by detailed algebraic expansions of the moment tensor into isotropic and deviatoric components. Specific numerical examples are provided in the appendices for use in testing algorithms for moment tensor decomposition.
Preliminary Results From the November 25, 1988 Saguenay (QUEBEC) Earthquake
Authors: North Robert G. , Wetmiller Robert J. , Adams John , Anglin Frank M. , Hasegawa Henry S. , Lamontagne Maurice , Berger Reynald Du , Seeber Leonardo , Armbruster John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The November 25, 1988 Saguenay, Québec earthquake (mb 5.9) was preceded by a foreshock 62 hours earlier (mb 4.4) and followed by over 50 aftershocks, of which only two have been larger than magnitude 3. The unusually large 29 km depth of the main shock is well determined using a field network deployed after the foreshock. Nearly all of the aftershock activity is shallower than the main shock, suggesting that the rupture propagated upwards. The event produced unexpectedly large amounts of high frequency energy, as evidenced by the value of mbLg (6.5) and by high accelerations observed at distances ranging from 40 to 800 km. Focal mechanisms for the foreshock, main shock and largest aftershock indicate thrust faulting. The felt area exceeds 3.5 million km2 and closely approaches that of the 1925 Charlevoix earthquake. The location of the Saguenay event in a region with little historic seismicity, its depth, and its large high-frequency generation, pose several problems for existing models of seismic zoning and hazard assessment for Eastern North America.
An Update of Studies of the Bootheel Lineament in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Southeastern Missouri and Northeastern Arkansas
Authors: Schweig Eugene S. , Marple Ronald T. , Li Yong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Five trenches across the Bootheel lineament, a possible surface expression of one of the coseismic faults of the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812, indicate that ground failure took place along this 135-km-long feature, probably in 1811 or 1812. The morphology and en echelon pattern of the north-northeast-trending lineament are suggestive of strike-slip displacement on a fault. Three trenches cross portions of the lineament along which liquefied sand was injected. Vertically displaced strata were observed in two of these trenches, but the displacement could be due to collapse caused by the removal of liquefied sand from below. Shear zones exposed in two other trenches do not appear to be directly related to liquefaction and may represent near-surface deformation associated with deeper deformation along potentially seismogenic structures.