bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage profile evaluation based on power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method: Central and South Sumatera Subsystem
Authors: Haq M A , Syafii  , Laksono H D , Hidayat G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the evaluation of the voltage profile of electric power systems based on power flow analysis by the Newton Raphson method. The aim of power flow analysis is to obtain information about the voltage profile of the system under operating conditions in a steady state in order to evaluate the performance of the electric power system and analyze the conditions of generation and loading of both normal and emergency conditions. The results of the analysis show that there are several load buses which voltage values are below 1.0 pu. In anticipation of a greater voltage drop, reactive power injection is carried out in the form of mounting a certain value capacitor on these buses and obtaining a greater and greater voltage magnitude equal to 1.0 pu
Study on static electrification of the PFAE-mineral oil mixture
Authors: Rajab A , Gumilang H , Tsuchie M , Kozako M , Hikita M , Suzuki T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The natural ester of tri-ester type has been implemented on a high voltage large power transformer, rated at 420 kV, since 2014. The high voltage transformer is known prone to the static electrification risk. Palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) which is a monoester oil type has also been tried on the high voltage power transformer. For a retrofilling purpose, some portion of the previously used insulating oil (it is mainly mineral oil) will remain in the transformer. It is then demanded to study the static electrification of a mixture of PFAE and mineral oil. This paper presents an investigation results on the static electrification properties of PFAE-mineral oil mixture at various percentage ratios of PFAE. The results show that charging tendency (ECT) increase with the percentage ratio of PFAE, but then decreases for the oil containing only PFAE. On the other side, the resistivity of oil mixtures decreases with the increase of percentage ratio of PFAE but then increases for the oil containing only PFAE.
Modification of arms patch of double layer printed antenna for partial discharge detection
Authors: Khayam U , Hamdani Y M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Partial discharge is a local electrification phenomenon that partially connects the insulation between the conductors and occurs either on the surface of the conductor or inside the conductor (void). PD generates several phenomena that accompany the occurrence of PD, such as impulse currents, hot light radiation, electromagnetic waves, mechanical waves, and chemical processes. This phenomenon is captured to know the existence of PD. One of the PD measurements uses the UHF method, i.e., by measuring the waves generated by the partial discharge. The antenna is one form of antenna developed from a square microstrip antenna with symmetrical T-shaped tethering. Antenna parameters can result in changes in return loss and VSWR measurements. The parameter change is done on three parameters, i.e. (A, B and G) showing the difference to the reference antenna. The experimental results show a change in antenna bandwidth.
The effect of alum addition on shrinkage temperature, chemical properties, and morphology in the manufacture of vegetable-tanned leather
Authors: Kasmudjiastuti E , Pidhatika B , Griyanitasari G , Pahlawan I F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vegetable-tanned leather has several disadvantages, which one of them is low thermal stability due to insufficient cross-linking with the collagen. The addition of aluminum sulfate in the vegetable tanning process will strengthen the cross-linking between the polyphenol and collagen, as well as forms the matrix in collagen. Thus, it will improve the thermal stability. The research aimed to figure out the addition of mimosa and aluminum sulfate on the shrinkage temperature, chemical properties, and morphology of leather. The research was conducted by using a variation of mimosa concentration (15%, 20%, 25% w/w) and aluminium sulfate concentration (3%, 6%, 9% w/w). The results showed that the treatment influenced the chemical properties and shrinkage temperature. The optimum treatment was the addition of 9% (w/w) aluminium sulfate to 25% mimosa which resulted to shrinkage temperature of 99,33° (rise 18,34%); nitrogen content (8,00 ± 0,0141)%; raw skins substance content (44,46 ± 0,0778)%; tannin bound content (28,29 ± 0,0424)% and the degree of tannage (62,93 ± 0,0141)%. Based on the SEM image, the addition of aluminum sulfate after mimosa has made the collagen fiber structure to be dense, which indicates the improvement of the cross-linking between the polyphenol and collagen.
The evaluation of bullwhip effect on distribution system of a supply chain using centralized demand information method
Authors: Kholidasari I , A Bidiawati JR , Sari M E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bullwhip effect is a crucial problem in a supply chain. Bullwhip effect is distortion information between inventory and demand in the whole supply chain stages. This problem has not solved in the business recently, although there are many studies discussed this issue. Bullwhip effect gives a negative impact on the performance of the inventory system. This impact can reduce using Centralized Demand Information (CDI). This research aims to analyze the bullwhip effect that happens in between a manufacturer, distribution, and retailers to minimize inventory cost. This research aim is achieved by: i) Calculating the amount of bullwhip effect of PT. X that occurs in the bottled drinking water distribution system; ii) Implement the centralized demand information method to reduce the bullwhip effect on the supply chain water supply network; iii) Comparing inventory costs before and after cutting the bullwhip effect on the supply chain. The data such as time series, data in 12 periods (monthly), data on raw material procurement, holding cost and stockout costs. The reason for using CDI for calculating the bullwhip effect and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to calculate the inventory cost. Research findings show that using CDI will decrease the bullwhip effect and the impact is reducing inventory cost.
Minimization of household hazardous solid waste (HHSW) with 4R concepts (reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery) in Padang City, Indonesia
Authors: Ruslinda Y , Raharjo S , Dewilda Y , Hidayatullah  , Aziz R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Improper management of hazardous waste originating from household activities will potentially pose a threat to health and the environment. Management of hazardous waste includes minimization activities and hazardous waste treatment. This study aims to analyze the existing conditions and potential minimization of Household Hazardous Solid Waste (HHSW) with the 4R concept, namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery in Padang City. HHSW minimization data was obtained through the analysis of questionnaire data distributed to several HHSW generation sources in Padang City, while the minimization potential was obtained from the existing literature review. The minimization of the existing HHSW was 17.4% (2,067 kg/day) from the total HHSW generation in Padang City. This minimization activity consisted of 11.6% reduce activities, 2.2% reuse activities and 3.6% recycle activities. From the calculation and literature study, the potential of minimizing HHSW was 51.2% (6,081 kg/day) which consists of 11.6% reduce potential in the form of large volumes of HHSW packaging purchases, 18.7% reuse potential through the return of product packaging to producers in the Environmental Producer Responsibility (EPR) program, 13.2% recycle potential in the form of oil can recycling, bulbs and cartridges, and 7.7% recovery potential by recovering metal content in batteries and car battery.
Greenhouse knockdown in Merauke
Authors: Alahudin M , Latuheru R D , Suryaningsih N L S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The farming method in Merauke Papua is conventional, therefore production is not maximized throughout the year. The purpose of this study was to build a household scale greenhouse that could be assembled. This research was an experimental and Action Research; the research phase including Knockdown greenhouse design, made greenhouses, greenhouse tested (transporting, assembling and installing and clearing). The results of the knockdown greenhouse structure research used a combination of iron pipe and hollow iron; the application was on the column pole/column using a 3-inch diameter iron pipe while for the roof and wall frame using 4 cm hollow iron 3 mm thickness. for foundations used pedestal/local foundations with a total of 18 foundations with dimensions of 27,000 m3 (30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm). The knockdown greenhouse roof consists of 2, namely; 1). The rooftop used the used bottle roof cover material, 2). The lower roof used the Paranet/insect screen roof cover material. The installation and dismantling of the knockdown Greenhouse take + 2 hours 30 minutes, with time division: 1). + 45.40 minutes installer for greenhouse structure; 2). Thirty-five minutes installation of roof cover (used bottles) and; 3). Fifty minutes installation of the insect screen.
The influence of some solution candidate on the performance of boundary element inverse analysis in detecting rebar corrosion
Authors: Fonna S , Gunawarman  , Huzni S , Ariffin A K 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to study the effect of some solution candidate to the performance of boundary element inverse analysis (BEIA) that utilized for detecting corrosion of reinforcing steel/rebar in concrete. BEIA was developed by combining the boundary element method (BEM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). BEM was used to calculate the electrical potential on the whole domain of reinforced concrete. While PSO was to optimize cost function to detect the rebar corrosion in concrete. BEIA was applied by using several measured electrical potential data as a reference such as from half-cell potential measurement. Numerical simulation on reinforced concrete with single rebar show that the increase of some solution candidate would resulting in increasing the number of iterations for the solution become convergence. However, the average error from the actual solution would be smaller by increasing solution candidate number. Therefore, the number of solution candidate affect the performance of BEIA in detecting rebar corrosion in concrete.
The needs to investigate the effect of road surface vibrations to the fatigue life of a coil spring
Authors: Ali M , Husaini  , Putra T E , Ali N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of vibrations on the fatigue life of an automotive coil spring. Acceleration signals were measured at a coil spring while the passenger car was being driven on road surfaces. Using a developed multi-body dynamic simulation, the acceleration signals were transformed into strain signals, and then, they were utilized as the input for performing fatigue tests. From the results, it was obtained that the rough road surface provided a shorter fatigue life, which was 64.5 %. It indicated that rough road surfaces significantly effect to component life.
Effect of coating time and protective current on thickness of paint layer of Steel ST-37 by continuous painting
Authors: Mansjur Z , Arrijani  , Suharto M F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Corrosion is a major cause of the failure of the materials; especially in the cutting tools that mostly use carbon steel ST-37. Painting is performed on ST-37 to reduce or protect metal surface from the destructive effects of weather or the occurrence of corrosion. Besides, it is also applied to improve the esthetical and artistic value of metals. This study was conducted to determine how the influence of the current as well as the time of protection on the thickness of paint by continuous painting method. In this method, the specimens are hanged and hooked at the driving belt that put on the coating tub, and then the specimens are moved along tub during the painting process using the motor. The variables used for protection current are 1A, 2A, and 3A, while the variable times of paintings are 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The thickness of painting is investigated by Optical Microscope. As results, the thickness of the paint layer at a current of 1A, 2A, and 3A and time of 30 minutes are 154.15, 166.6 and 172.8 µm. For the coating time of 45 minutes, the thicknesses of the paint layer are 162.4, 181.2, and 191.6 µm. Meanwhile, for a coating time of 60 minutes with same above current, the thicknesses of paint are 235.3, 252.05, and 279.1 µm. The effective protection layer is found at a protective current of 1A, on 30 minutes of coating time with a thickness of paint layer is 154,15 µm.
Identification and analysis of application of Construction Management System (CMS) in the implementation of construction management
Authors: Hidayat B , Suraji A , Frankly R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Construction projects are growing increasingly large and complicated today both in terms of physical and cost. In practice a project has limited resources, in the form of people, materials, costs, tools, and in the completion of project administration. This requires a CMS (Contruction Management System) starting from the initial phase of the project to the project review phase. The Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) states that there are seven main categories of responsibilities for a construction manage, namely project management planning, price management, time management, quality management, contract administration, safety management, and professional practice. Therefore this study aims to determine whether the contractor implements CMS (Contruction Management System) from the initial phase of the project to the final phase of the project and to analyze the effect of the application of CMS (Contruction Management System) on the smooth construction of a construction project.
Sensitivity analysis of stormpav composite pavement
Authors: Putri E E , Rewani F J H , Mannan M A , Ibrahim W H W , Kabit M R , Tirau L S , Chan R A , Buking R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the design and performance of modified composite pavement called StormPav. In this study, the sensitivity analysis is carried out by using available freeware to prove whether the StormPav composite pavement is able to provide long-life pavement and better levels of performance, both structural and functionally, than the traditional pavements. For this case, the sensitivity analysis is included data for fatigue behavior, rutting in the HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) layer, and temperature gradient reduction of PCC slab with an HMA overlay. The StormPav composite pavement is actually an innovation IBS green pavement with structural, environmental and economic advantages. Inspired from Legos concept, the StormPav is made out of modular panels or “roadblocks” that are like enormous lego pieces that assemble and interlocking together forming a uniform settlement and at the same time acting as the monolithic character. The idea of StormPav is actually to minimize the usage of material in the composite pavement but provide the same strength and benefits as composite pavement.
Marshall immersion test of warm mix asphalt polymer using Bayat natural zeolite
Authors: Handayani A T , Peni S N , Pandita H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The development of increasingly dense traffic and weather changes greatly affect the quality of the pavement which could cause premature damage. Elastomeric polymer modified asphalt is used to reduce the early damage and increase the durability of pavement to various damage such as fatigue, cracking due to temperature changes. All this time polymer asphalt mixing is using hot mix asphalt method. According to the name the hot mixing asphalt requires heating at a certain temperature which is quite high on the Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP), also requires a certain density. Some countries have developed asphalt mixture known as Warm Mix Asphalt by mix temperatures and compaction temperatures lower than hot asphalt mixtures using the added material. Research using experimental methods with elastomeric polymer bitumen as a binder in the warm mix asphalt with the added material of natural zeolite, thus obtained mixture quality hot asphalt mixture equivalent but processed by low mixing and compaction temperatures. Based on Marshall test asphalt polymer with zeolite content of 1.5% of natural zeolite sieve no. 400, has the highest stability values 1627,7 kg, has the residual stability value of 93,36%. The value of residual stability meet the specifications Department of Public Works of Highways, 2010, indicating that the residual stability the warm mix asphalt with 1.5% Bayat natural zeolite is high and the water resistance is very good.
Flexible tag design for semi-continuous wireless data acquisition from marine animals
Authors: Karimi Muhammad Akram , Zhang Qingle , Kuo Yen Hung , Shaikh Sohail Faizan , Kaidarova Altynay , Geraldi Nathan , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa , Kosel Jurgen , Duarte Carlos M , Shamim Atif 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Acquisition of sensor data from tagged marine animals has always been a challenge. Presently, there are two extreme mechanisms to acquire marine data. For continuous data acquisition, hundreds of kilometers of optical fiber links are used which in addition to being expensive are impractical in certain circumstances. On the other extreme, data is retrieved in an offline and invasive manner after removing the sensor tag from the skin of the animal. This paper presents a semi-continuous method of acquiring marine data without requiring tags to be removed from the sea animal. Marine data is temporarily stored in the on board memory of the tag and is then automatically synced to floating receivers as soon as the animal rises to the water surface. To ensure effective wireless communication in an unpredictable environment, a quasi-isotropic antenna has been designed that works equally well irrespective of the orientation of the tagged animal. In contrast to existing rigid wireless devices, the tag presented in this work is flexible and thus convenient for mounting on marine animals. The tag has been initially tested in air as a standalone unit with a communication range of 120 m. During tests in water, with the tag mounted on the skin of a crab, a range of 12 m has been observed. In a system-level test, the muscle activity of a small giant clam (Tridacna maxima) has been recorded in real time via the non-invasive wireless tag.
Incommensurate crystal structure, thermal expansion study and magnetic properties of (dimethylimidazolium)2[Fe2Cl6(μ-O)]
Authors: Scé Fabio , González-Izquierdo Palmerina , Cano Israel , Beobide Garikoitz , Fabelo Oscar , Vieira Bruno J C , Waerenborgh João C , Vallcorba Oriol , Castillo Oscar , de Pedro Imanol 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A thorough characterization of the title compound, (dimim)2[Fe2Cl6(μ-O)], consisting of a (μ-oxido)-bridged binuclear iron(III) complex and 1,3-dimethylimiazolium (dimim) cation, has been performed using a wide range of techniques. The room temperature disordered crystal structure of this compound transits to an incommensurately modulated crystal structure at 100 K; to our knowledge, the first one found for an imidazolium halometallate complex. The crystal structure was solved in the superspace group P

1
¯

(/α/β/γ)0 with modulation vector q = 0.1370(10) 0.0982(10) 0.326(2) at 100 K. Variable temperature synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction showed the presence of satellite peaks in addition to the main diffraction peaks up to 208 K. Furthermore, a thermal expansion study was performed with this technique from 100 to 383 K (near of its melting point) adressing questions about the nature and consequences of the ion self-assembly of this (μ-oxido)-bridged binuclear iron(III) complex, as well as the molecular motion of the imidazolium cation within the crystalline structure as a response to the temperature effect. Finally, we present a deep magnetic study based on magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and Mössbauer measurements, where the strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling detected is due to the occurrence of a μ-oxido bridge between the Fe(III), giving rise to an intra-dimeric antiferromagnetic exchange coupling of –308 cm−1.
Spacing Patterns, Mating Systems, and Winter Philopatry in Harlequin Ducks
Authors: Robertson Gregory J. , Cooke Fred , Ian Goudie R. , Sean Boyd W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many species of waterfowl form pair bonds during the nonbreeding season, yet current descriptions of mating systems and patterns of philopatry in waterfowl focus on the breeding grounds. We studied wintering Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in southwestern British Columbia to examine mating systems and philopatric behavior outside of the breeding season. The number of males at our study area was far more variable than that of females. Males that were unsuccessful in obtaining a mate were observed over a larger area than were paired males. Habitat use overlapped considerably among paired males, and no territorial boundaries were formed. Annual return rates to the nonbreeding grounds were high for both sexes (62% for females, 77% for males). Individuals not only returned to the general study area, but also to specific sections within the study area. Males that did not pair in the previous year returned to the study area in the subsequent year with the same frequency as males that had obtained mates; however, they tended to leave the study area prior to courtship. Therefore, it is possible that males return to the same wintering grounds each year to reunite with a previous mate. High levels of philopatry by both sexes allow pairs to reunite in fall, potentially increasing the benefits of philopatry for both sexes.
Comparison of the Reproductive Biology of Two Neotropical Wrens in an Unpredictable Environment in Northeastern Colombia
Authors: Ahumada Jorge A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Buff-breasted (Thryothorus leucotis) and Rufous-and-white (T. rufalbus) wrens living in a dry forest in northeast Colombia (Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona) are faced with a large year-to-year uncertainty in the arrival time of the rainy season, as well as the amount of rain falling in the first six months of the year. Those factors are thought to be important cues used by those species in their reproductive decisions. In this study, I gathered data on several reproductive parameters (clutch size, nesting success, timing of breeding, renesting attempts) for both species during two years of contrasting rainfall patterns. I collected information on the foraging behavior of both species to identify their main food and to study how rainfall affects the dynamics of those resources. Buff-breasted Wrens fed mostly in the understory, gleaning arthropods from upper and lower leaf surfaces, dry branches, and aerial litter. Numbers of arthropods in those microhabitats depend strongly on the amount of rainfall; understory arthropod levels are low during the dry season and increase with the arrival of the rains. Buff-breasted Wrens timed their reproduction with the arrival of the rains in both years, delaying the onset of breeding significantly and continuing to breed during the dry year (1994). Rufous-and-white Wrens spent a large proportion of their time feeding on arthropods in the leaf litter. Number of arthropods in the litter varied little between dry and wet periods. Therefore, Rufous-and-white Wrens had a more constant food environment despite large differences in rainfall within and between the years of the study. That species started breeding earlier in the dry season and extended its breeding longer than Buff-breasted Wrens. My observations suggest that the evolution of the reproductive strategies in those species was mostly through the change of behavioral parameters rather than physiological reproductive parameters such as changes in clutch size, egg size, or number of broods.