bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining Publics, Artists, and Urban Spaces: The Case of Made in Musina, South Africa
Authors: GUINARD PAULINE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince the end of apartheid (1994), public art—broadly defined as art in public spaces (Miles )—has been increasingly present and visible in the South African urban landscape. But South African public art, and particularly the dominant one sponsored by public entities or private companies, mainly consists in one type of art that is permanent, installed in big cities, produced within top‐down strategies, and destined for an abstract public. In reaction to that trend, some artists are attempting to critically and radically redefine public art in South African cities today, especially by looking at the role of the different publics in the art‐making process. In their desire to include the various publics in the making of art, one can wonder about the capacity of these artists to promote a new form of public art that could be a tool to amend the urban context by (re)integrating all the publics that compose South Africa today in the production of the post‐apartheid city. To address this concern, I will focus in particular on the Made in Musina project. Initiated by two artists in a small town close to the South African/Zimbabwean border, this project is emblematic of an attempt to invent an alternative way of making public art with its publics (in that case, local artists), starting from their desires, even at the risk of having the initial project “hijacked.” Based on observations in situ and in‐depth interviews, I will consider the different phases of this project in order to grasp the opportunities and the challenges of such public art. I will argue that this South African “new genre public art” (Lacy ) is changing not only art itself but also the way South African cities—and small towns like Musina—imagine themselves through art and artists.
Tree genetic resources at risk in South America: A spatial threat assessment to prioritize populations for conservation
Authors: van Zonneveld Maarten , Thomas Evert , Castañeda‐Álvarez Nora P. , Van Damme Veerle , Alcazar Carolina , Loo Judy , Scheldeman Xavier 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundHumans threat the populations of tree species by overexploitation, deforestation, land use change, and climate change. We present a novel threat assessment at intraspecific level to support the conservation of genetic resources of 80 socioeconomically viable tree species in South America. In this assessment, we evaluate the threat status of Ecogeographic Range Segments (ERSs). ERSs are groups of populations of a specific species in a certain ecological zone of a particular grid cell of a species’ geographic occupancy.MethodsWe used species location records to determine the species distributions and species‐specific ERSs. We distinguished eight threat situations to assess the risk of extirpation of the ERSs of all 80 species. These threat situations were determined by large or little tree cover, low or high human pressure, and low or high climate change impact. Available layers of tree cover and threats were used to determine the levels of fragmentation and direct human pressure. Maxent niche modelling with two Global Circulation Models helped determining climate change impact by the 2050s.ResultsWhen all 80 species are considered, in total, 59% of the ERSs are threatened by little tree cover or high human pressure. When climate change is also considered, then 71‐73% of the ERSs are threatened. When an increased risk of extirpation of populations outside protected areas is considered, then 84–86% of the ERSs are threatened. Seven species warrant special attention because all their ERSs are threatened across their whole distribution in South America: Balfourondendron riedelianum, Cariniana legalis, Dalbergia nigra, Handroanthus pulcherrimus, Pachira quintana, Prosopis flexuosa, and Prosopis pallida.ConclusionsOur results confirm the urgency to set up a regional action plan for the conservation of tree genetic resources in South America. With this threat assessment, we aim to support governments and organizations who are taking up this task.
Assessment of left atrial size in addition to focused cardiopulmonary ultrasound improves diagnostic accuracy of acute heart failure in the Emergency Department
Authors: Carlino Maria Viviana , Paladino Fiorella , Sforza Alfonso , Serra Claudia , Liccardi Filomena , de Simone Giovanni , Mancusi Costantino 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAcute dyspnea is one of the main reasons for admission to Emergency Department (ED). Availability of ultraminiaturized pocket ultrasound devices (PUD) adds diagnostic power to the clinical examination. The aim of this study was to identify an integrated ultrasound approach for diagnosis of acute heart failure (acute HF), using PUD and combining evaluation from lung, heart and inferior vena cava (IVC).MethodsWe included 102 patients presenting to the ED of “Antonio Cardarelli” Hospital in Naples (Italy) for acute dyspnea (AD). All patients underwent integrated ultrasound examination (IUE) of lung‐heart‐IVC, using PUD. The gold standard was the final diagnosis determined by two expert reviewers: acute heart failure (acute HF) or noncardiac dyspnea. We used 2 × 2 contingency tables to analyze sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of the three ultrasonic methods, and their combinations for the diagnosis of acute HF, comparing with the final, validated diagnosis.ResultsLung ultrasound (LUS) alone exhibited a good sensitivity (100%) and specificity (82%) and had the highest accuracy (89%) among single modalities (heart and IVC) for the diagnosis of acute HF. The highest accuracy among all methods (96%) was obtained by the combination of positive LUS and either dilated left atrium or EF ≤ 40% or both (all P < .01 vs single modalities).ConclusionIn patients presenting to ED, IUE using PUD is a useful extension of clinical examination and has a reliable diagnostic discriminant ability in the immediate evaluation of acute dyspnea. The combination of positive LUS with focused cardiac ultrasonography (FoCUS), including also dilated left atrium, substantially extends the spectrum of recognizable acute HF.
Anatomic estimation of aortic stenosis severity vs “fusion” of data from computed tomography and Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Jander Nikolaus , Wienecke Susanne , Dorfs Stephan , Ruile Philipp , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Pache Gregor , Minners Jan 
Published: March 2018

AimTwo‐dimensional, transthoracic echocardiography does not account for the noncircular anatomy of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and may therefore underestimate LVOT area. Fusion of computed tomography (CT)‐derived LVOT area and Doppler‐derived flow data has been proposed to improve assessment of aortic valve area (AVA) and classification of aortic stenosis severity. For hemodynamic reasons, effective AVA has to be smaller than anatomic AVA. The aim of the study was to test the “fusion approach” by comparing effective CT‐derived AVA with anatomic AVA from CT planimetry.Methods and ResultsData of 244 consecutive patients (mean age 81 ± 5 years, 61% female) with aortic stenosis were retrospectively analyzed comparing effective AVA (calculated from the continuity equation using CT‐LVOT and transthoracic Doppler measurements) with anatomic AVA based on CT planimetry. Substituting the LVOT area from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) by the CT‐LVOT resulted in an increase in AVA from 0.74 ± 0.15 to 0.92 ± 0.18cm² (P < .01), which was larger than anatomic AVA (0.82 ± 0.15cm²). Similar results were obtained based on planimetry from transesophageal echocardiography (TEE; AVA 0.79 ± 0.14cm², P < .01 vs CT‐LVOT) and in the subgroup presenting with low‐gradient severe aortic stenosis and preserved ejection fraction (n = 67, AVA from TTE 0.76 ± 0.09; from CT‐LVOT 0.97 ± 0.14; CT planimetry 0.86 ± 0.12; TEE planimetry 0.82 ± 0.13cm²).ConclusionFusion of CT‐derived LVOT area with Doppler echocardiography results in a calculated effective AVA that is larger than the corresponding anatomic AVA. Therefore, adjustment of partition values may be warranted when using this approach.
The global interests of London's commercial community, 1599–1625: investment in the East India Company
Authors: Smith Edmond 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe foundation of the East India Company coincided with a dramatic expansion of England's overseas activities brought about through new trading, colonial, and exploratory ventures. This period has received considerable attention in relation to the development of the British Empire, but little is known about how merchants and other commercial actors invested in and contributed to these organizations. Using a newly developed dataset of membership and investment in overseas activities, this article reconstructs the individual portfolios of East India Company members in 1599, 1613, and 1624. This analysis reveals that investors took advantage of opportunities across the globe, and diverse portfolios were common. The implications of this are two‐fold. First, this article makes clear that our current understanding of the East India Company as closely connected with the Levant Company is not sustained with evidence from investment patterns. Second, the interests of London's commercial community suggest new avenues for understanding the early British Empire as a tightly connected, globally focused set of institutions, people, and networks.
The predictability of a lake phytoplankton community, over time‐scales of hours to years
Authors: Thomas Mridul K. , Fontana Simone , Reyes Marta , Kehoe Michael , Pomati Francesco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractForecasting changes to ecological communities is one of the central challenges in ecology. However, nonlinear dependencies, biotic interactions and data limitations have limited our ability to assess how predictable communities are. Here, we used a machine learning approach and environmental monitoring data (biological, physical and chemical) to assess the predictability of phytoplankton cell density in one lake across an unprecedented range of time‐scales. Communities were highly predictable over hours to months: model R2 decreased from 0.89 at 4 hours to 0.74 at 1 month, and in a long‐term dataset lacking fine spatial resolution, from 0.46 at 1 month to 0.32 at 10 years. When cyanobacterial and eukaryotic algal cell densities were examined separately, model‐inferred environmental growth dependencies matched laboratory studies, and suggested novel trade‐offs governing their competition. High‐frequency monitoring and machine learning can set prediction targets for process‐based models and help elucidate the mechanisms underlying ecological dynamics.
Uncertainty based genetic algorithm with varying population for random fuzzy maximum flow problem
Authors: Majumder Saibal , Saha Bishwajit , Anand Pragya , Kar Samarjit , Pal Tandra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the uncertain maximum flow of a network whose capacities are random fuzzy variables. We have developed the expected value model (EVM) and the chance‐constrained model (CCM) for maximum flow problem (MFP) under random fuzzy environment and formulated their crisp equivalent models. To solve these models, we have proposed a varying population genetic algorithm with indeterminate crossover (VPGAwIC). In VPGAwIC, selection of a chromosome depends on its lifetime. An improved lifetime allocation strategy (iLAS) has also been proposed to determine the lifetime of the chromosome. The ages of the chromosomes are defined linguistically as Young, Middle, and Old, which follow some uncertainty distributions. The crossover probability is indeterminate, and it depends on the ages of the parents, which is defined by an uncertain rule base. The number of offspring, generated from a population of parents, is determined by the reproduction ratio. The population is updated in 2 ways: (i) All the chromosomes with ages greater than their lifetimes are discarded from the population, and (ii) the offspring are combined with their parents for the next generation. The proposed VPGAwIC is compared with the genetic algorithm developed by Gen, Cheng, and Lin (2008) for maximum flow problem. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test has been performed to show the superiority of the proposed VPGAwIC.
Individual and Cumulative Risks for Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Yang Mi‐Youn , Maguire‐Jack Kathryn 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe present study investigated whether risk factors vary by subtypes of child maltreatment investigations, with particular attention to the role of cumulative risks affecting child maltreatment.BackgroundBuilding and expanding on prior work finding that the accumulation of risk factors puts children at risk for maltreatment, this work examines child physical abuse and neglect investigations separately.MethodA sample of 1,181 low‐income families was randomly selected from one state's public assistance caseload. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model risk factors associated with 3 subtypes of investigated child maltreatment reports.ResultsRisk factors for each type of child maltreatment were different. As the number of risk factors families experienced increased, the likelihood of child maltreatment increased across all subtypes of maltreatment. Specifically, families with 5 or more risk factors were at greater risk of maltreatment than families with 2 or fewer risk factors.ConclusionThe threshold effect of cumulative risks demonstrates that families may be able to tolerate a moderate number of risk factors; however, beyond a certain number of risks, families may not be able to cope adequately with the stress, and the likelihood of maltreating their children dramatically increases.ImplicationsTo alleviate child maltreatment, prevention programs need to address diverse risks simultaneously, rather than focus on a particular risk factor.
Factors Associated With Medication‐Overuse Headache in Patients Seeking Treatment for Primary Headache
Authors: Peck Kelly R. , Roland Malcolm M. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAlthough risk factors for medication‐overuse headache have been identified within the general population, most studies have neglected clinical samples. The present study examined the relative and combined associations of these factors with medication‐overuse headache in a sample of US adults seeking treatment for primary headache disorders.MethodsTreatment‐seeking headache patients provided data on demographics, headache variables, psychiatric variables, use of headache medications, and use of other prescription medications and substances. A classification tree selection strategy was utilized within this cross‐sectional study to differentiate between those with and without medication‐overuse headache, and a final multivariable model assessed their combined utility.ResultsForty‐three of 164 participants (26.2%) met diagnostic criteria for medication‐overuse headache. Relative to non‐medication‐overuse headache participants, participants with medication‐overuse headache reported greater headache‐related disability (odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval = 1.01‐1.18), escape and avoidance responses indicative of fear of pain (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.00‐1.15), and use of combination medications for headache (odds ratio = 3.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.51‐6.36). The final multivariable model differentiated well between the 2 groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = .78; 95% confidence interval = .71‐.86).ConclusionsItems that assess headache‐related disability, use of combination medications, and fear of pain help identify patients who are currently overusing acute headache medications and may serve as indicators of treatment progress. Future studies should apply similar analytic approaches longitudinally to identify headache sufferers at risk for medication‐overuse headache prior to headache progression.
Beneficial effect of Burdock complex on asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori‐infected subjects: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yen Chi‐Hua , Chiu Hui‐Fang , Huang Su‐Yu , Lu Yan‐Ying , Han Yi‐Chun , Shen You‐Cheng , Venkatakrishnan Kamesh , Wang Chin‐Kun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBurdock complex (BC) constitutes of burdock (Arctium lappa), angelica (Angelica sinensis), gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, which are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders. This study intended to examine the anti‐H. pylori activity of BC on AGS cell model as well as in asymptomatic H. pylori‐infected subjects.Materials and MethodsAGS cell incubated with H. pylori and treated with BC to evaluate the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), cell viability (MTT) anti‐adhesion activity, and inflammatory markers. In case of clinical trial, H. pylori‐positive subjects (urea breath test [UBT] >10%, n = 36) were enrolled and requested to intake BC (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) for 8 weeks. Antioxidant capacity, total phenol, UBT, inflammatory markers were analyzed at the initial, 4th, 8th, and 10th weeks. Moreover, the endoscopic examination was carried out on baseline and 10th week.ResultsIn vitro studies showed that BC treatment significantly inhibited (P < .05) the inflammatory markers and adhesion of H. pylori to AGS cell. However, H. pylori‐infected subject ingested with BC for 8 weeks significantly decreased (P < .05) the UBT value, inflammatory markers with improved antioxidant activity, and phenolic levels as compared to placebo. Also, consumption of BC considerably healed the ulcer wound.ConclusionOverall, the BC could attenuate H. pylori infection by inhibiting H. pylori adhesion and subsequent inflammatory response on the gastric epithelial cell (AGS) as well as clinically ameliorated UBT, antioxidant capacity, and alleviated inflammation to display its anti‐H. pylori activity.
Nuevas perspectivas en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales transnacionales
Authors: LUTERBACHER Urs , PROSSER Andrew , PAPADAKIS Konstantinos 
Published: March 2018

ResumenLas federaciones sindicales internacionales y las empresas multinacionales están concluyendo acuerdos marco internacionales para proteger sus intereses en el entorno económico de la globalización. Los autores modelizan las negociaciones al respecto y muestran que puede esperarse la conclusión de estos acuerdos cuando ambas partes son reacias al riesgo, pero el acuerdo favorecerá a la que menos lo sea. Como la globalización ha afectado más a los sindicatos que a las empresas, los acuerdos marco hasta ahora firmados ofrecen mínimas ventajas a los trabajadores; ello debería cambiar gracias a las capacidades sindicales transnacionales reforzadas y a la posibilidad de atacar la imagen de las EMN, lo cual igualará las actitudes frente al riesgo.
Normativa de empleo, teoría de juegos y representación laboral insuficiente en las economías liberales
Authors: DOBBINS Tony , DUNDON Tony , CULLINANE Niall , HICKLAND Eugene , DONAGHEY Jimmy 
Published: March 2018

ResumenSe analiza el impacto de la normativa europea de información y consulta en los niveles de representación de los trabajadores en dos economías liberales (Irlanda y Reino Unido) a partir de tres postulados teóricos y del dilema del prisionero de la teoría de juegos. Sobre la base de datos cualitativos de 16 empresas recabados mediante entrevistas, los autores evalúan los postulados y explican por qué las normas nacionales de transposición son ineficaces para promover la cooperación en beneficio mutuo en economías liberales, aportando así un modelo teórico a las investigaciones previas sobre el tema, fundamentalmente empíricas.
Formación y retención de los trabajadores de más edad en la empresa. Evidencia de Alemania
Authors: BERG Peter B. , HAMMAN Mary K. , PISZCZEK Matthew M. , RUHM Christopher J. 
Published: March 2018

ResumenLa retención en las empresas de los trabajadores de más edad podría paliar carencias de capital humano derivadas del rápido envejecimiento de la población activa. Con datos de emparejamientos empresa‐asalariado de Alemania, de 2002–2008, los autores investigan la relación entre formación en la empresa, salarios y decisiones de jubilación de los trabajadores de 50–65 años y encuentran que cuando la formación está adaptada a estos trabajadores, las mujeres, sobre todo de bajos ingresos, son menos proclives a jubilarse, posiblemente por un crecimiento salarial concomitante. Este tipo de formación podría pues contribuir a retener y promover a las mujeres de edad y de bajos ingresos.
An Update on Menopause Management
Authors: Ward Katherine , Deneris Angela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMenopause‐related symptoms frequently lead women to seek health care. Recommendations for prescribing hormone therapy have changed significantly since the publication of initial results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study in 2002. The North American Menopause Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have newer guidelines based on long‐term analyses of the WHI participants as well as emerging data from other clinical trials. Women with an intact uterus who are using systemic estrogen must also use a progestogen; however, there are 2 new selective estrogen receptor modulators on the market for use without a progestogen. This review discusses current recommendations and new medications as well as the risks and benefits related to hormone therapy. Evidence‐based alternatives to hormone therapy to treat symptoms of menopause are also presented.
Effects of intra‐yolk‐sac injection of dextrose and albumin on performance, jejunum morphology, liver and pectoral muscle glycogen and some serum metabolites of broilers
Authors: Tasharofi S. , Mohammadi F. , Amiri N. , Nazem M. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study carried out to investigate the effects of intra‐yolk‐sac injection (IYSI) of some solutions including 1 ml of distilled water, dextrose 20% and albumin 20% on hatch percentage, performance traits, jejunum morphology, glycogen content of liver and breast and serum metabolites in broilers (Ross 308). Fertile eggs were injected into the yolk sac at day 8 of incubation period. Results showed that hatchability, absolute body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 7 and 14 of growing period were not different among treatments, but in comparison with control group, BW and FCR were numerally better by IYSI of albumin. In addition, IYSI of albumin increased jejunum villus height at hatch day, but crypt depth was not affected by any injection treatments. Also, the glycogen concentrations of liver and pectoral muscle in albumin injected group were significantly higher than control at hatch and 7th day respectively. At hatch day, serum glucose and cholesterol concentrations were, respectively, maximum and minimum statistically by IYSI of albumin which continued numerally up to 7th day of rearing period. Furthermore, liver glycogen and serum glucose concentrations were directly correlated on the day of hatch. In conclusion, the IYSI of albumin could increase performance traits, jejunum villus height, liver and breast glycogen and serum glucose in broiler chicks.