bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portraying heritage corridor dynamics and cultivating conservation strategies based on environment spatial model: an integration of multi-source data and image semantic segmentation
Authors: Chen Jinliu , Zhao Xiaoxin , Wang Haoqi , Yan Jianxiong , Yang Di , Xie Kong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Under the background of the transformation of resource-based cities, heritage as the symbolic cultural representation plays a synergistic role in revitalizing urban vibrancy. A majority of contemporary research focuses on specific heritage restoration and renovation. However, scant literature has been concerned with an integrated heritage corridor upgrading framework from the spatial quality perspective, which has limited effects on promoting urban socio-cultural development. This research aims to evaluate the heritage corridor through the GIS-based environmental spatial model (ESM) with multi-source data and verification through AI-based image semantic segmentation analysis, cultivating suggestions for heritage restoration and management to revitalize the holistic urban–rural areas. The research takes a resource-based city, Fengfeng Mining District (FMD) in Handan, China, as a research case. The research found heterogeneity of the heritage evaluation results and their geographical distribution, and image-based spatial quality verification evidenced the suitability and reliability of ESM for heritage assessment. This research proposes a quantitative and holistic evaluation framework for assessing and improving heritage corridors. The restoration and optimization of heritage corridors should combine a comprehensive, precise, and people-oriented spatial quality assessment, and the GIS-based ESM analysis method could be an effective decision-making support system.
Human liver stem cells and derived extracellular vesicles protect from sepsis-induced acute lung injury and restore bone marrow myelopoiesis in a murine model of sepsis
Authors: Costamagna Andrea , Pasquino Chiara , Lamorte Sara , Navarro-Tableros Victor , Delsedime Luisa , Fanelli Vito , Camussi Giovanni , Del Sorbo Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by deregulation of the immune response against the pathogen. Current treatment strategies rely mainly on antibiotics and supportive care. However, there is growing interest in exploring cell-based therapies as complementary approaches. Human liver stem cells (HLSCs) are pluripotent cells of mesenchymal origin, showing some advantages compared to mesenchymal stem cells in terms of immunomodulatory properties. HSLC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibited a superior efficacy profile compared to cells due to their potential to get through biological barriers and possibly to avoid tumorigenicity and showed to be effective in vivo and ex vivo models of liver and kidney disease. The potential of HLSCs and their EVs in recovering damage to distal organs due to sepsis other than the kidney remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of the intravenous administration of HSLCs or HSLCs-derived EVs in a murine model of sepsis.

Results
Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) on C57/BL6 mice. After CLP, mice were assigned to receive either normal saline, HLSCs or their EVs and compared to a sham group which underwent only laparotomy. Survival, persistence of bacteraemia, lung function evaluation, histology and bone marrow analysis were performed. Administration of HLSCs or HLSC-EVs resulted in improved bacterial clearance and lung function in terms of lung elastance and oedema. Naïve murine hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow were enhanced after treatment as well. Administration of HLSCs and HLSC-EVs after CLP to significantly improved survival.

Conclusions
Treatment with HLSCs or HLSC-derived EVs was effective in improving acute lung injury, dysmyelopoiesis and ultimately survival in this experimental murine model of lethal sepsis.
Bilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis secondary to intravitreal faricimab injection: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Gurung Rajya , Gilhotra Jagjit Singh , Simon Sumu , Cugati Sudha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This article describes a rare occurrence of bilateral retinal occlusive vasculitis secondary to intravitreal faricimab injection.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old female with age-related macular degeneration presented with bilateral retinal occlusive vasculitis following intravitreal faricimab injections. The patient was treated with 3 days of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone taper and topical steroid therapy. Resolution of retinal occlusive vasculitis was observed 2 months post treatment.

Conclusions
Retinal occlusive vasculitis is a rare complication of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), particularly with faricimab injections. We also present a review of literature regarding retinal occlusive vasculitis following intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and propose further information regarding its pathophysiology.
Design and implementation of O-PAS user-defined function blocks
Authors: Pantoni Rodrigo Palucci , Mossin Eduardo André , Halfeld Victor Teixeira C. , Donaires Omar Sacilotto , da Silva Afonso Eduardo , da Silveira Guilherme Santos , Marcelino Mariana Ferraz , do Carmo Sampaio Pedro , De Oliveira Spagiari Victoria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, standardisation has become crucial in Industrial Automation Systems, promoting interoperability among devices from different manufacturers. Nonetheless, the portability of manufacturing engineering tools continues to present a significant challenge. AutomationML (IEC 62714 -5) has played a role in formulating strategies that leverage O-PAS Standard Function Blocks. The O-PAS specification includes several standards, such as IEC 62443, IEC 61499, IEC 61131–3, OPC-UA (Open platform communications unified architecture), DCS (Distributed control system), and PLC (Programmable logic controller). This highlights the necessity of integrating new technologies with legacy systems to achieve enhanced interoperability. In this context, this work proposes the development of User-Defined Function Blocks (UDFB) that adhere to O-PAS standards and can be implemented across any compliant system. The proposed methodology is aligned with O-PAS standards, leading to the inclusion of UDFB information in XML format within the Function Block Library and AutomationML.
Management of clozapine-associated neutropenia
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Bannon Angela , Nodiyal Sunil , Sinha Baxi 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Clozapine is the only evidence-based intervention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. One of the drug's most well-known and potentially fatal adverse effects is agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia). Hence, regular blood tests are an essential component of clozapine treatment. This article presents a narrative review of the history, incidence, potential aetiology and management of clozapine-associated neutropenia. It gives an overview of clozapine monitoring requirements, including those for benign ethnic neutropenia. We point to the growing body of evidence that the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is mostly confined to the first year of treatment and that the risk of fatality is considerably lower than previously assumed. Given the absence of alternative evidence-based interventions for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, we suggest that rechallenging with clozapine should be considered in most patients with clozapine-associated mild to moderate neutropenia who do not respond to other treatments. A more careful risk–benefit analysis is needed in cases of severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis).
Multicenter External Validation of the Accuracy of Computed Tomography Criteria for Detecting Thoracolumbar Posterior Ligamentous Complex Injury
Authors: Aly Mohamed M. , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Alfaisal Faisal A. , Alrumian Rumian Abdulkarem , Espinoza Xavier A. Santander , Gutiérrez-González Raquel , García Teresa Kalantari , Al Fattani Areej , Almohamady Waleed , Al-Shoaibi Abdulbaset M. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Recent studies have proposed computed tomography (CT) criteria for posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury: disrupted if ≥2 CT findings, indeterminate if single finding, and intact if 0 CT findings. The study aims to validate the CT criteria for PLC injury externally.

METHODS:
Three level 1 trauma centers enrolled 614 consecutive patients with acute thoracolumbar fractures (T1-L5) who received CT and MRI. Three reviewers from each center assessed CT for facet joint malalignment, horizontal laminar fracture, spinous process fracture, and interspinous widening and MRI for disrupted PLC, defined as black stripe discontinuity. The primary outcome is the diagnostic accuracy of CT criteria (0, 1, ≥2 findings) in detecting disrupted PLC on MRI using all CT readings. A subgroup analysis was performed for each participating center and reviewer. The inter-reader agreement on PLC status on MRI and CT criteria was assessed using Fleiss Kappa (k).

RESULTS:
The positive predictive value for PLC injury was 0 findings 3%, single positive CT 43%, and ≥2 CT findings in 94%. The accuracy measures were consistent across various centers and reviewers. The area under the curve for ≥1 CT finding in detecting PLC injury ranged from 90% to 97%, indicating excellent discrimination for all centers. The inter-reader k on PLC status by MRI and overall CT findings was substantial (k > 0.60).

CONCLUSION:
This study externally validates the previously proposed CT criteria for PLC injury. A total of ≥2 positive CT findings or 0 CT findings can be used as criteria for a disrupted PLC (B-type injury) or intact PLC (A-type injuries), respectively, without added MRI. A single CT finding implies indeterminate PLC status and the need for further MRI assessment. The CT criteria will potentially guide MRI indications and treatment decisions for neurologically intact thoracolumbar burst fractures.
Understanding Permeability Changes in Vestibular Schwannomas as Part of the Dynamic Response to Radiosurgery Using Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel Imaging: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Meng Ying , Lee Matthew D. , Berger Assaf , Wiggins Roy , O'Callaghan James , Bernstein Kenneth , Santhumayor Brandon , Block Kai Tobias , Fatterpekar Girish , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Vestibular schwannomas demonstrate different responses after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), commonly including a transient loss of internal enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted MRI thought to be due to an early reduction in tumor vascularity. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced based golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) MRI to characterize the vascular permeability changes underlying this phenomenon, with correlations to long-term tumor regression.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent SRS between 2017 and 2019, had a transient loss of enhancement after SRS, and had long-term longitudinal GRASP studies (6, 18, and 30 months) were included in this retrospective cohort analysis (n = 19). Using GRAVIS (https://gravis-imaging.org/gravis/), an analysis pipeline for GRASP studies, we extracted the key parameters normalized to the venous sinus from a region of interest within the tumor.

RESULTS:
The peak, area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in phase slope were significantly reduced at 6, 18, and 30 months after SRS (corrected P < .05), even while the internal enhancement returned in the tumors. Larger pre-SRS tumors were more likely to have a greater reduction in peak (P = .013) and AUC (P = .029) at 6 months. In a subset of patients (N = 13) with long-term follow-up, the median percentage reduction in tumor volume was 58% at a median of 62 months. These patients showed a strong correlation between peak, AUC, and wash-in phase slope changes at 6 months and tumor volume at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
After SRS and loss of internal contrast uptake within vestibular schwannomas, a slow vascular permeability dynamic persisted, suggesting the presence of postradiation processes such as fibrosis. We show for the first time, using GRASP, a quantitative assessment of the vascular radiobiological effect.
Intraoperative Real-Time Near-Infrared Image-Guided Surgery to Identify Necrotic Tissues
Authors: Fujiwara Eiji , Muto Jun , Murayama Kazuhiro , Yamada Seiji , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
The usefulness of intraoperative real-time fluorescence navigation using indocyanine green (ICG) for metastatic brain tumors, schwannomas, and meningiomas is well established. However, its application in cases of radiation-induced brain necrosis remains unexplored. Surgical intervention is performed in symptomatic and medically refractory cases; however, radiation-necrotic lesions often exhibit a diffuse pattern with unclear surgical boundaries, making it challenging for surgeons to identify the lesion during the surgery.

METHODS:
Four patients with intracranial necrotic tissues received 1.5 mg/kg ICG 1 hour before observation during the surgery. We used near-infrared fluorescence to identify the necrotic location.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Case 1: A 61-year-old man with lung cancer and metastatic brain tumor history exhibited left-sided weakness a year after craniotomy and radiotherapy. A new lesion required surgery, where ICG fluorescence imaging highlighted a significant contrast in the resection cavity, aiding in successful lesion removal without complications. Case 2: A 51-year-old man with resected glioblastoma developed paralysis. ICG fluorescence during surgery confirmed necrosis and enabled the lesion's removal despite potential inaccuracies due to brain shift, without ICG-related complications. Near-infrared fluorescence could visualize necrotic tissues in all 4 cases. The mean signal-to-background ratio of the necrotic tissues in delayed window ICG was 3.5 ± 0.7. The ratio of the gadolinium-enhanced T1 tumor signal to the brain (T1-weighted background ratio) was 2.3 ± 0.4.

CONCLUSION:
This report is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of ICG intraoperative fluorescence imaging in identifying radiation-induced necrotic brain tissues.
High-efficiency, dynamic optical beam steering device using Pancharatnam phase
Authors: Vreeland Brandon , Van Rynbach Andre , Bos Philip 
Published: December 2024

A large aperture, non-mechanical beam steering device is proposed that demonstrates a defect free, continuous phase profile, for a high-efficiency beam steering. The device uses a fringe field electrode structure, a vertical surface alignment of the liquid crystal director, and, to our knowledge, a novel two-step voltage application method to produce a linear Pancharatnam phase gradient that can be electrically tuned. An example optical beam steering device is numerically calculated and demonstrates steering angles of IR light (1550 nm) from less than 1 deg to greater than 10 deg with an efficiency of over 80%. This new approach provides previously unobtainable beam steering performance in a single layer, Pancharatnam phase device.
Healthcare providers’ perceptions on post abortion intrauterine contraception: A qualitative study in central Uganda
Authors: Kayiga Herbert , Looft-Trägårdh Emelie , Cleeve Amanda , Kakaire Othman , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Byamugisha Josaphat , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina 
Published: December 2024

Background
Despite access to post abortion intrauterine contraception, the uptake of Intrauterine devices (IUDs) in Uganda remains low. Whether the perceptions of healthcare providers towards IUDs have a role in the provision of post abortion IUDs remains unclear. We explored perceptions on post abortion IUD provision among healthcare providers in Uganda, focusing on barriers and facilitators in regards to provision and uptake.

Methods
Between 1st August 2022 and 30th September 2022, forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted among healthcare providers of different cadres at sixteen public health facilities in central Uganda. We used the case study design to explore the healthcare providers’ perceptions. The interviews were primarily to help us understand the perceptions of healthcare providers towards IUDs. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Themes were identified using the conventional inductive content analysis.

Results
From the analysis, three themes emerged. Theme one covered health system related barriers in regards to IUD provision such as healthcare providers’ and health facility challenges. The second theme focused on the challenges in post abortion contraceptive counselling focusing on IUDs. The third theme covered the motivating factors and participants’ views on how to scale up IUD uptake and provision within post abortion care in Uganda. We found that lack of appropriate knowledge and skills on IUD provision, and heavy workloads, negatively impacted IUD provision. Inadequate facilities, IUD stock-outs, and minimal community sensitization also limited the utilization of IUDs. Furthermore, language barriers, community misconceptions around IUDs, long travel distances to the health facility, and partner refusal, contributed to the low uptake of post abortion IUDs. To address the identified barriers and scale up post abortion IUD provision, participants recommended addressing health system barriers, regular in-service refresher trainings, mentoring and supervision. They emphasized the importance of addressing contraceptive misconceptions and men’s opposition to IUDs through community sensitization.

Conclusion
In this study we identified several barriers to post abortion IUD provision, highlighting an urgent need to address health system barriers including healthcare providers’ skills and knowledge gaps, supply chain challenges, and to ensure that facilities are conducive to quality contraceptive counselling. Provision of on-job refresher trainings, mentoring and supervision, are key motivators that can be utilized in supporting healthcare providers towards post abortion IUD provision. To further increase uptake, efforts are needed to dispel contraceptive myths and misconceptions at the community level.
Ethical attitudes and perspectives of AI use in medicine between Croatian and Slovenian faculty members of school of medicine: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Grosek Štefan , Štivić Stjepan , Borovečki Ana , Ćurković Marko , Lajovic Jaro , Marušić Ana , Mijatović Antonija , Miksić Mirjana , Mimica Suzana , Škrlep Eva , Lah Tomulić Kristina , Erčulj Vanja 
Published: December 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is present in preclinical, clinical and research work, in various branches of medicine. Researchers and teachers at school of medicines may have different ethical attitudes and perspectives about the implementation of AI systems in medicine.

Methods
We conducted an online survey among researchers and teachers (RTs) at the departments and institutes of two Slovenian and four Croatian Schools of Medicine.

Results
The sample included 165 and 214 researchers and teachers in Slovenia and Croatia, respectively. The sample of respondents in Slovenia and Croatia was comparable in demographical characteristics. All participants reported high emphasis on the bioethical principles when using artificial intelligence in medicine, its usefulness in certain circumstances, but also caution regarding companies providing AI systems and tools. Slovenian and Croatian researchers and teachers shared three similar perspectives on the use of AI in medicine–complying with highest ethical principles, explainability and transparency and usefulness of AI tools. Higher caution towards use of AI in medicine and effect on autonomy of physicians was expressed in Croatia, while in Slovenia high emphasis was put on understanding how AI works, but also the concerns regarding willingness and time of physicians to learn about AI.

Conclusion
Slovenian and Croatian researchers and teachers share ethical attitudes and perspectives with international researchers and physicians. It is important to facilitate understanding of the implications of AI use in medicine and set a solid evidence-based ground to tackle ethical and legal issues.
Micronutrients absorbed via the oral mucosa reduce emotion dysregulation in 5-10-year-old children: A three-phased randomized wait-list-controlled trial
Authors: Katta Nurina M. , Blampied Neville M. , Eggleston Matt , Rucklidge Julia J. 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Previous evidence has established that micronutrient capsules can improve emotion regulation in children. This three-phased randomized open-label waitlist-controlled study investigated the safety of a micronutrient powder absorbed by the oral mucosa and its effects on emotion dysregulation in 5-to-10-year-old children. The primary outcome measures were the Revised Clinician-rated Temper and Irritability Scale (CL-ARI) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (CGI-I).

Method
Forty-eight children with moderate-to-severe symptoms of irritability were randomized to an initial treatment group (ITG) or waitlist control group (IWLG) (four-week delayed start), followed by the two groups alternating between taking the micronutrients for four weeks or having a four-week break. For the last three months of the trial, both groups took the micronutrients continuously.

Results
Overall adherence rates were high (93%). At the end of RCT phase, there were large group differences (CL-ARI; d = 1.25, p < .001), and 67% in the ITG and 8% in the IWLG were ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved (CGI-I). Further, the ITG displayed a clinically meaningful reduction in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Impulsivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms as measured with the Child Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV Questionnaire 26 (SNAP-IV) compared to IWLG. The treatment effect regressed when participants stopped taking the micronutrients and was reinstated when participants were taking the micronutrients. The observed benefits were maintained over a sustained time period. The IWLG reported significantly more headaches (p = .040) and sweating (p = .037) at the end of RCT. By the end of the study, seven participants (14.5%) dropped out non-differentially by group (p = .22).

Conclusion
The findings showed that micronutrients absorbed by the oral mucosa are a safe intervention that can effectively improve emotion dysregulation in children. Future double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to support these findings.