bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Reactivity Ratios on Network Topology and Thermomechanical Properties in Vinyl Ester/Styrene Thermosets: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang Ming , Abrams Cameron 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStyrene‐based thermoset polymers using vinyl ester crosslinkers offer the potential ability to tune material properties via control of network topology, measured primarily by the distribution of poly(styrene) molecular weight between vinyl esters. Clearly, demonstrating a relationship between topology and properties in the glassy state has so far proven difficult using experimental approaches. Here, an approach to control network topology in molecular simulations of randomly crosslinking systems via relative reactivity is presented. Several models of nearly fully cured (vinyl ester)/styrene (VE/ST) thermosets at fixed monomer composition but with a large range of distributions of molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, are generated. It is found that fully cured VE/ST thermosets have glass transition temperatures and glassy Young's moduli that are insensitive to Mc distributions at fixed monomer composition. Using extreme cases of relative reactivity, it is also established that glassy‐state thermomechanical properties are sensitive to the overall density of crosslinks.
Ultra‐high‐frequency wideband circularly polarized crossed‐dipole antenna with wide axial‐ratio beamwidths for SATCOM applications
Authors: Li Chao , Yan Ze‐Hong , Liu Ying , Hu Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, an ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) wideband circularly polarized (CP) crossed‐dipole antenna with wide axial‐ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is proposed for SATCOM applications. The antenna is composed of two pairs of dipoles with umbrella‐shaped arms, and they are fed by a feeding network to generate CP radiation. Two pairs of parasitic patches are introduced symmetrically between the dipole arms and the ground plane. Due to coupling of the dipoles, currents can be induced on to the metal patches, which can not only decrease the antenna volume by increasing the current path of the dipole arms, but also additional radiation can be provided to enhance the ARBW. A prototype of proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate that it operates at the UHF band ranging from 280 to 420 MHz, with a –10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 40.5% and a 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 42%. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits a 3‐dB ARBW of more than 190°within a wide operating band of 23.1%.
Direct noninvasive 1H NMR analysis of stream water DOM: Insights into the effects of lyophilization compared with whole water
Authors: Whitty Stephanie D. , Waggoner Derek C. , Cory Rose M. , Kaplan Louis A. , Hatcher Patrick G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is widely used in the field of aquatic biogeochemistry to examine the chemical structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Most aquatic DOM analyzed by proton NMR (1H NMR) is concentrated mainly by freeze‐drying prior to analysis to combat low concentrations, frequently <100 μM C, and eliminate interference from water. This study examines stream water with low dissolved organic carbon content by 1H NMR with a direct noninvasive analysis of whole water using a water‐suppression technique. Surface waters, collected from the headwaters of the Rio Tempisquito, Costa Rica, were examined directly, and the spectral characteristics were compared with those of the traditional preanalysis freeze‐drying approach revealing significant differences in the relative intensity of peaks between the whole water and freeze‐dried DOM. The freeze‐dried DOM required less time to obtain quality spectra, but several peaks were missing compared with the spectra of whole water DOM; notably the most dominant peak in the spectrum constituting roughly 10% of the DOM. The stream water DOM showed an increase in the relative intensity of aliphatic methyl and methylene groups and a decrease in carbonyl, carboxyl, and carbohydrate functionalities after freeze‐drying. The results of this study show that freeze‐drying alters the original composition of DOM and thus freeze‐dried DOM may not represent the original DOM. The information gained from whole water analysis of stream water DOM in a noninvasive fashion outweighs the attraction of reduced analysis times for preconcentrated samples, particularly for studies interested in investigating the low molecular weight fraction of DOM.
Correlates of successful transition in young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Darbari Isha , Jacobs Emily , Gordon Olivia , Weiss Diane , Winship Kim , Casella James F. , Strouse John J. , Takemoto Clifford M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe transition period from pediatric care to adult care for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Identification of risk factors for unsuccessful transition may aid in developing strategies to improve the transition process and health outcomes in this population. We examined factors associated with unsuccessful transition from pediatric to adult care for patients with SCD at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We found that public insurance and increased hospitalization rates were associated with poor transition to adult care. The findings provide possible areas of intervention.
Differential Chloroplast Proteomics of Temperature Adaptation in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Microshoots
Authors: Morkūnaitė‐Haimi Šarūnė , Vinskiene Jurgita , Stanienė Gražina , Haimi Perttu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTemperature stress is one of the most common external factors that plants have to adapt to. Accordingly, plants have developed several adaptation mechanisms to deal with temperature stress. Chloroplasts are one of the organelles that are responsible for the sensing of the temperature signal and triggering a response. Here, chloroplasts are purified from low temperature (4° C), control (22° C) and high temperature (30° C) grown Malus x domestica microshoots. The purity of the chloroplast fractions is evaluated by marker proteins, as well as by using in silico subcellular localization predictions. The proteins are digested using filter‐aided sample processing and analyzed using nano‐LC MS/MS. 733 proteins are observed corresponding to published Malus x domestica gene models and 16 chloroplast genome ‐encoded proteins in the chloroplast preparates. In ANOVA, 56 proteins are found to be significantly differentially abundant (p < 0.01) between chloroplasts isolated from plants grown in different conditions. The differentially abundant proteins are involved in protein digestion, cytoskeleton structure, cellular redox state and photosynthesis, or have protective functions. Additionally, a putative chloroplastic aquaporin is observed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014212.
Static output feedback control of switched systems with quantization: A nonhomogeneous sojourn probability approach
Authors: Cheng Jun , Park Ju H. , Zhao Xudong , Cao Jinde , Qi Wenhai 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe present work deals with the problem of static output feedback control for discrete‐time switched systems (SSs) with quantization effects. Different from the existing results on SSs, a more general model with respect to a new switching rule (SR) is explored by utilizing a nonhomogeneous sojourn probability approach. Both control input and measured output are quantized by the mode‐dependent static logarithmic quantizers, respectively. To decrease the conservatism and eliminate the coupling parameters, a descriptor technology is employed in the static output feedback control scheme. In the framework of the time‐dependent SR, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the mean square stability of resulting systems. Finally, an example is expressed to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the developed theoretical results.
Active sustainability actors: A life course approach
Authors: Koistinen Katariina , Teerikangas Satu , Mikkilä Mirja , Linnanen Lassi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the role of actors in the pursuit of sustainability transitions. In this paper, we adopt a life course perspective to explore active sustainability actors. To this end, we interviewed 16 professionals across private, public, and third sectors in Finland. The paper's main implication is in introducing a life course perspective to the study of active sustainability actors. Second, we propose a grounded model of active actors' sustainability engagement. The model details sustainability agency formation and maintenance dynamics. Going forward, our findings are a call for further research on sustainability agency, be it in its engagement, via life courses, or via the study of different actor types.
Bcl2-Expressing Quiescent Type B Neural Stem Cells in the Ventricular–Subventricular Zone Are Resistant to Concurrent Temozolomide/X-Irradiation
Authors: Cameron Brent D. , Traver Geri , Roland Joseph T. , Brockman Asa A. , Dean Daniel , Johnson Levi , Boyd Kelli , Ihrie Rebecca A. , Freeman Michael L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the mammalian brain is a site of adult neurogenesis. Within the V-SVZ reside type B neural stem cells (NSCs) and type A neuroblasts. The V-SVZ is also a primary site for very aggressive glioblastoma (GBM). Standard-of-care therapy for GBM consists of safe maximum resection, concurrent temozolomide (TMZ), and X-irradiation (XRT), followed by adjuvant TMZ therapy. The question of how this therapy impacts neurogenesis is not well understood and is of fundamental importance as normal tissue tolerance is a limiting factor. Here, we studied the effects of concurrent TMZ/XRT followed by adjuvant TMZ on type B stem cells and type A neuroblasts of the V-SVZ in C57BL/6 mice. We found that chemoradiation induced an apoptotic response in type A neuroblasts, as marked by cleavage of caspase 3, but not in NSCs, and that A cells within the V-SVZ were repopulated given sufficient recovery time. 53BP1 foci formation and resolution was used to assess the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Remarkably, the repair was the same in type B and type A cells. While Bax expression was the same for type A or B cells, antiapoptotic Bcl2 and Mcl1 expression was significantly greater in NSCs. Thus, the resistance of type B NSCs to TMZ/XRT appears to be due, in part, to high basal expression of antiapoptotic proteins compared with type A cells. This preclinical research, demonstrating that murine NSCs residing in the V-SVZ are tolerant of standard chemoradiation therapy, supports a dose escalation strategy for treatment of GBM. Stem Cells 2019;37:1629–1639
Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical lady ferns (Athyriaceae), with a description of Ephemeropteris, gen. nov.
Authors: Moran Robbin C. , Garrison Hanks Judith , Sundue Michael 
Published: August 2019

We carried out a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical lady ferns (Athyrium s.str. and Anisocampium) using five plastid markers. We found two major results. First, three Neotropical species (Anisocampium skinneri, Athyrium palmense, A. tejeroi) formed a clade, and this clade was sister to the rest of Athyrium. The three members of this clade differ from Athyrium s.l. by creeping rhizomes with internodes 1–2 mm long, and rhizome apices that protrude beyond the current season's cluster of leaves. Also, the leaves are distichously arranged, lack trophopods, have petiole bases broadly U‐shaped in transverse section, and bear thin, membranous laminae. We recognize this clade as a new genus, Ephemeropteris, and provide three new combinations: E. palmensis, E. skinneri, and E. tejeroi. The name of the new genus is derived from the seasonal production of its leaves, which are produced during the wet season and die back (i.e., are ephemeral) at the beginning of the dry season. Ephemeropteris is largely restricted to the Pacific side of Central America, a region that exhibits a marked dry season from November to May. We provide a key to the seven genera (including Ephemeropteris) we now recognize in the Athyriaceae, and a taxonomic treatment of the three species of Ephemeropteris. The treatment includes descriptions, illustrations, nomenclatural data, specimens cited, and a dot‐distribution map. Our second major result from the phylogenetic analysis is that the remaining three Neotropical species of Athyrium s.str. are polyphyletic. One of our seven samples was resolved in the A. filix‐femina clade (sect. Athyrium), to which all species of Neotropical Athyrium were previously assumed to belong to. Our six other samples of Neotropical Athyrium were resolved in A. sect. Mackinnoniana, previously construed as entirely Asian.
The Coxford LectureHonour, Oaths, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Horwitz Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImpersonality is frequently invoked as a core element of the rule of law. In this article, I discuss a troika of values and institutions–office, honour, and the oath–that provide deeply personal springs for the conduct of judges and other office-holders. In so doing, these institutions make possible the sort of impersonality valued by the rule of law. A focus on office emphasizes the importance of duty rather than power. Honour is the desire to be well thought of by others, and the internalized desire to deserve to be thought well of by others, especially one’s peers. Honour is often treated as an obsolete value that has been superseded by dignity. But it remains an essential force, providing judges and other office-holders with a source of energy and agency that motivates them to fulfil the duties of their office with virtue and excellence. The oath serves as a linchpin that connects the individual to the office and the office-holder to the commitment to serve honourably. Taken together, this troika of institutions encourages the faithful and energetic performance of one’s judicial office in a modern democratic constitutional society. Thinking about the rule of law this way encourages us to shift our focus from power to duty, and from doctrine to character and virtue. It encourages us to revive and revise honour rather than abandon it. It helps show that an impersonal “government of laws and not men” is and ultimately must be deeply personal.
Research on National Disaster Life Support Course in China
Authors: Tang Lujia , Pan Shuming , Chen Ying , Tang Hongmei , Li Xuejing 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:To provide scientific, theoretical support for the improvement of medical disaster training, we systematically analyzed the National Disaster Life Support (NDLS) Course and established a training curriculum with feedback based on the current status of disaster medicine in China.Methods:The gray prediction model is applied to long-term forecast research on course effect. In line with the hypothesis, the NDLS course with feedback capability is more scientific and standardized.Results:The current training NDLS course system is suitable for Chinese medical disasters. After accepting the course training, audiences’ capabilities were enhanced. In the constructed GM (1,1) model prediction, the developing coefficients of the pretest and the posttest are 0.04 and 0.057, respectively. In light of the coefficient, the model is appropriate for the long-term prediction. The predicted results can be used as the basis for constructing training closed-loop optimization feedback. It can indicate that the course system has a good effect as well.Conclusions:According to the constructed GM model, the NDLS course system is scientific, practical, and operational. The research results can provide reference for relevant departments and be used for the construction of similar training course systems.
COALTERNATIVE COALGEBRAS
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE HELENA , BARREIRO ELISABETE , SÁNCHEZ JOSÉ M. , CALVO CARLOS SONEIRA 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we define a Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras proving some results that describe the properties of the final coalgebra, knowing the properties of the initial one. Namely, after applying the Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras to a coassociative coalgebra, we obtain a coalternative one. Moreover, the first coalgebra is cocommutative if and only if the final coalgebra is coassociative. Finally we extend these results to a more general approach of D-coalgebras, where D is a k-coalgebra, presenting a class of examples of coalternative (non-coassociative) coalgebras obtained from group D-coalgebras.
The effect of infant-directed speech on early multimodal communicative production in Spanish and Basque
Authors: DE PABLO Irati , MURILLO Eva , ROMERO Asier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyzed the effect of infant-directed speech (IDS) on multimodal communicative production of children at the beginning of the second year of life in two different languages: Spanish and Basque. Twelve Spanish and twelve Basque children aged between 12 and 15 months observed two versions of an audiovisual story: one version was narrated with IDS and the other with adult-directed speech (ADS). We analyzed the use of gaze and the communicative behaviors produced by children. The time spent looking at the story increases in the IDS condition regardless of the language of the narration. Children produced more multimodal communicative behaviors while watching the IDS version both in Spanish and in Basque. These results suggest that IDS increases attention and social engagement promoting joint attention episodes.
How to Make the Passions Active: Spinoza and R.G. Collingwood
Authors: Douglas Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost early modern philosophers held that our emotions are always passions: to experience an emotion is to undergo something rather than to do something. Spinoza is different; he holds that our emotions – what he calls our ‘affects’ – can be actions rather than passions. Moreover, we can convert a passive affect into an active one simply by forming a clear and distinct idea of it. This theory is difficult to understand. I defend the interpretation R.G. Collingwood gives of it in his book, The Principles of Art. An affect, it turns out, is passive when it is ambiguous whether we or somebody else is the subject of the affect. An affect is active when we fully accept the affect as our own. Here, I outline Collingwood's interpretation and then develop it further.
Editorial introduction to ‘Collectivist planning’ by Michael Polanyi (1940)
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. , Polanyi Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAfter an esteemed academic career as a chemist, Michael Polanyi switched to the social sciences and made significant contributions to our understanding of the nature and role of knowledge in society. Polanyi's argument concerning knowledge led him to emphasise the vital importance of decentralised mechanisms of adjustment and coordination, including markets. His article ‘Collectivist Planning’ (1940) enters into debates about the possibility (or otherwise) of centrally planning scientific and economic activity. This early article also foreshadows post-war debates within the Mont Pèlerin Socierty (formed in 1947) concerning the economic role of the state and the future of liberalism.
Investigation of circular polarization technique inQ-slot antenna
Authors: Abed Amer T. , Singh Mandeep S. J. , Jawad Aqeel M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper describes and analyzes a new technique used inQ-slot antenna to generate circular polarization (CP). The CP characteristics were investigated carefully by studying the surface current distribution, the phase difference between the left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) at some resonant frequencies, and the measured values of the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). Normal arms (E1andE2) were cut in the upper elliptical feeding strip line to form an open-mouth structure. The armsE1andE2were made equal in length and set perpendicular to each other to have normal electric fields, leading to the generation of CP radiation. A formula was modified for the dual resonant frequenciesf1,f2of the modesTM010andTM001. The measured values of the ARBW indicated that the antenna has a wide ARBW of 4.8–5.93 GHz, which is approximately 52% of the 3rd operating band of 4.7–6.8 GHz. The wide ARBW in a small size indicated that the design of theQ-slot antenna overcame the limits of designing antennas with wide ARBW in small size and low profile. A formula for normalized field was driven according to the complementary of theQ-slot antenna.
Depressive symptoms and sleep problems as risk factors for heart disease: a prospective community study
Authors: Deschênes S. S. , Burns R. J. , Graham E. , Schmitz N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThe goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample.MethodsBaseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40–69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined inN= 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83–3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01–4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37–2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99–1.36, respectively).ConclusionsDepression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.