bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin resistance linked to subtle myocardial dysfunction in normotensive Turner syndrome young patients without structural heart diseases
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , Attia Mona , Ismail Mohamed M. , Samir Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Turner syndrome (TS) patients have increased cardiovascular risk. This cardiovascular risk is famously attributed to structural abnormalities of the left side of the heart such as aortic stenosis and aortic coarctation. However, due to insulin resistance and subsequent pathogenic mechanisms, normotensive TS patients without structural abnormalities may develop varying degrees of myocardial dysfunction. The aim of this research was to examine the role of speckle tracking echocardiography in early detection of Turner cardiomyopathy and to correlate this myocardial dysfunction with measures of insulin resistance.

Methods
This cross-sectional case control study included 30 children with TS and 30 age-matched healthy controls. TS patients were excluded if: hypertensive, with major structural abnormalities of the heart or other systemic diseases that may affect myocardial function. Conventional speckle tracking echocardiography and glucose-insulin ratio were performed for all study subjects.

Results
Routine echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular systolic function were similar in cases and controls while global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS and GCS) were lower in patients with TS than controls: (−13.2±1.1 vs. −18.3±2.4, p-value<0.000) and (−11.3±1.1 vs. −16.3±2.1, p-value<0.000), respectively. Fasting glucose:insulin ratio (FGIR) proved to be the best predictor of myocardial dysfunction in TS patients by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
This study points towards the potential role of two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography in early detection of subtle systolic myocardial dysfunction in TS patients. It also points towards the implication of insulin resistance in precipitation of the observed dysfunction in TS patients.
A’ingae (Cofán/Kofán) Operators
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , Fischer Rafael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show how the TAME system of A'ingae, a language isolate spoken in Colombia and Ecuador, can be captured within the theoretical framework of Functional Discourse Grammar. An important prediction in this theory is that the surface order of TAME expressions reflects the scope relations between them in their underlying representation. An initial analysis reveals that, with three exceptions, the A'ingae TAME system confirms this prediction. Closer inspection of the three exceptions, which concern basic illocution, evidentiality, and quantificational aspect, then reveals that on the one hand, the theoretical model has to be adapted, while on the other hand some of the A'ingae facts allow for an alternative interpretation.
Continuous flow synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates
Authors: Bálint Erika , Tajti Ádám , Ladányi-Pára Katalin , Tóth Nóra , Mátravölgyi Béla , Keglevich György 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates was performed by the three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of primary amines, benzaldehyde derivatives and dialkyl phosphites in a continuous flow microwave reactor. The target compounds could be obtained in high (~90%) yields without any catalyst in simple alcohols as the solvent. The flow process elaborated required shorter reaction times and lower excess of the reagent, as compared to the “traditional” batch reactions, and allowed the synthesis of the α-aminophosphonates on a somewhat larger scale.
Einführung in die rückführbare Messung von Power Quality
Authors: Mester Christian , Braun Jean-Pierre , Ané Charles 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Eidgenössische Institut für Metrologie METAS verfügt über ein Kalibriersystem für Power Quality Analyser, das auf das Internationale Einheitensystem SI zurückgeführt ist. Es wird für die Kalibrierung, Prüfung und unabhängige Zertifizierung von Power Quality Analysern verwendet. In diesem Artikel wird zunächst das Themenfeld Versorgungsqualität betrachtet, wobei die normierten Kenngrößen kurz erklärt werden. Anschließend wird das Kalibriersystem des METAS erklärt und eine Messunsicherheitsberechnung am Beispiel der Kenngröße Flicker durchgeführt.
Neural Evidence of Hierarchical Cognitive Control during Haptic Processing: An fMRI Study
Authors: Gurtubay-Antolin Ane , León-Cabrera Patricia , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInteracting with our immediate surroundings requires constant manipulation of objects. Dexterous manipulation depends on comparison between actual and predicted sensory input, with these predictions calculated by means of lower- and higher-order corollary discharge signals. However, there is still scarce knowledge about the hierarchy in the neural architecture supporting haptic monitoring during manipulation. The present study aimed to assess this issue focusing on the cross talk between lower-order sensory and higher-order associative regions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans during a haptic discrimination task in which participants had to judge whether a touched shape or texture corresponded to an expected stimulus whose name was previously presented. Specialized haptic regions identified with an independent localizer task did not differ between expected and unexpected conditions, suggesting their lack of involvement in tactile monitoring. When presented stimuli did not match previous expectations, the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), middle temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices were activated regardless of the nature of the haptic mismatch (shape/texture). The left primary somatosensory area (SI) responded differently to unexpected shapes and textures in line with a specialized detection of haptic mismatch. Importantly, connectivity analyses revealed that the left SMG and SI were more functionally coupled during unexpected trials, emphasizing their interaction. The results point for the first time to a hierarchical organization in the neural substrates underlying haptic monitoring during manipulation with the SMG as a higher-order hub comparing actual and predicted somatosensory input, and SI as a lower-order site involved in the detection of more specialized haptic mismatch.
Female Sex Development and Reproductive Duct Formation Depend on Wnt4a in Zebrafish
Authors: Kossack Michelle E , High Samantha K , Hopton Rachel E , Yan Yi-lin , Postlethwait John H , Draper Bruce W 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWnt4 is a key regulator of ovary development in mammals, but its role in other vertebrates is unknown. Here, Kossack et al. show that zebrafish wnt4a is the ortholog of mammalian Wnt4 and is expressed....In laboratory strains of zebrafish, sex determination occurs in the absence of a typical sex chromosome and it is not known what regulates the proportion of animals that develop as males or females. Many sex determination and gonad differentiation genes that act downstream of a sex chromosome are well conserved among vertebrates, but studies that test their contribution to this process have mostly been limited to mammalian models. In mammals, WNT4 is a signaling ligand that is essential for ovary and Müllerian duct development, where it antagonizes the male-promoting FGF9 signal. Wnt4 is well conserved across all vertebrates, but it is not known if Wnt4 plays a role in sex determination and/or the differentiation of sex organs in nonmammalian vertebrates. This question is especially interesting in teleosts, such as zebrafish, because they lack an Fgf9 ortholog. Here we show that wnt4a is the ortholog of mammalian Wnt4, and that wnt4b was present in the last common ancestor of humans and zebrafish, but was lost in mammals. We show that wnt4a loss-of-function mutants develop predominantly as males and conclude that wnt4a activity promotes female sex determination and/or differentiation in zebrafish. Additionally, both male and female wnt4a mutants are sterile due to defects in reproductive duct development. Together these results strongly argue that Wnt4a is a conserved regulator of female sex determination and reproductive duct development in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates.
Relation of smoking and endothelial dysfunction markers in systemic hypertension
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Bragina A. E. , Druzhinina N. A. 
Published: November 2018

Aim. Assessment of the markers levels of endothelial dysfunction (ED): stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx), endothelin-1 (E1), homocysteine (HC), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in blood plasma of smoker and nonsmoker patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of low and moderate risk, not taking antihypertension therapy regularly.Material and methods. Totally, 124 AH patients included, 45 males and 79 females, mean age 51,4±6,5 y.o., mean AH duration 7,9±7,3 y. Controls included 35 healthy volunteers (20 males, 15 females). Concentration of NOx in plasma was measured with spectrophotometry, and of vWF, HC, E1 and tPA — with immune enzyme assay.Results. To evaluate the relation of smoking and ED markers levels, AH patients and controls were selected to subgroups according to smoking status: smoker (35,5%) and non-smoker (64,5%) AH patients; smoker (38%) and non-smoker (62%) controls. In smoker AH patients comparing to non-smoking there were significantly higher concentrations of NOx — 48,2±18,8 mcM/L and 40,3±21,2 mcM/L, respectively (р<0,05), E1 — 1,2±0,16 and 0,6±0,2 fM/L, resp. (р<0,05), HC — 25,7±6,04 and 16,2±6,5 mcM/L, resp. (р<0,05), vWF — 1,39±0,7 and 1,1±0,6 mg/dL, resp (р<0,05) and tPA — 13,05±6,2 and 8,5±6,2 mcM/L, resp. (р<0,05). There was correlation in the AH group, of NOx concentration and smoking (r=0,46, р<0,05), and tobacco smoking duration (r=0,83, р<0,05). Also, there were positive correlations of HC and smoking (r=0,4, p<0,05). In control group smokers had higher HC — 20,7±5,3 and 17,2±4,7 mcM/L, resp. (р<0,05), vWF — 1,3±0,8 and 0,8±0,6 mg/dL, resp. (р<0,05) and tPA — 11,1±6,5 and 6,6±5,2 mcM/L, resp. (р<0,05). There were no significant changes in NOx and E1.Conclusion. In smokers of both AH and control groups the levels of HC, vWF and tPA were significantly higher in comparison with nonsmokers. In smoker AH patients the mean concentrations of NOx and E1 are higher than in non-smoker patients. Levels of ED are related with not only the fact of smoking itself (р<0,05), but smoking duration (р<0,05).
Analysis of levels of oxidative stress markers depending on the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Polunina E. A. , Voronina L. P. , Popov E. A. , Polunina O. S. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.To study and analyze the levels of oxidative stress (OS) markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs)) depending on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and functional class (FC) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods.We examined 60 somatically healthy individuals and 345 patients with CHF, which were divided into three main groups depending on the LVEF and subgroups depending on FC. The levels of OS markers were determined in blood serum — MDA, SOD and AOPPs.Results.In the group of patients with preserved LVEF and FC II-IV CHF, levels of MDA and AOPPs were statistically significantly higher, and the SOD level was lower compared to the control group. In the group of patients with moderately reduced and reduced LVEF, the levels of MDA and AOPPs were statistically significantly higher, and SOD activity was lower compared with the control group and the group of patients with CHF and preserved LVEF. In patients with CHF with higher FC, there was a statistically significant increase of MDA and AOPPs levels and decrease of SOD activity. The most pronounced changes in the levels of above-mentioned markers were recorded in patients with reduced LVEF. According to the correlation analysis a direct relationship between the levels of markers of the OS and clinical manifestations of the disease was found.Conclusion.Changes in levels of MDA, SOD and AOPPs in patients with CHF were detected already in the early stages of the disease compared with the control group. In patients with higher FC CHF and preserved, moderately reduced and reduced LVEF, a statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA and AOPPs and a decrease of SOD activity were observed. The most pronounced changes in the levels of the markers were indicated in patients with reduced LVEF.
Medical technology in rehabilitational counseling from the “Electronic Healthcare” perspective
Authors: Lyamina N. P. , Kotelnikova E. V. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.To evaluate the readiness of acute coronary syndrome patients to distant physical rehabilitation (DPR) during the office rehabilitational counseling (ORC).Material and methods.Open retrospective study included data of 148 patients (117 males, 31 female), who had participated in ORC with the aim to include to DPR. Main part of ORC was conducted in the format of physician work with a computerized algorithm. Completeness of data to form the programs of physical rehabilitation (PR) was assessed manually with reviewing of the discharge summaries. Clinical status was assessed, and if necessary, the 6 minute walking test was conducted. Motivational component was assessed by the results of questionnaire “Program of calculation of motivational readiness of patients to adhere clinician recommendations”. Cognition was assessed with MMSE.Results.The part of “electronic” discharge summaries was 88,5%. Analysis of availability of epicrise data for algorithm modules showed that only 134 patients (97,3%) had complete data in clinical diagnosis. Also, an insufficiency was shown for number of stress tests with ECG registration: 22 (14,9%), but 96 (64,9%) with 6-minute test. In 30 patients (20,2%) the data on exercise tests was lacking. Data on PR regimen and related assessment of individual exercise tolerance was found in 34 (23% of ORC); and all who passed in-hospital stage. To the program of DPR about 1/3 (31,1%) of ORC participants were included. Under the framework of ORC, PR programs were created for all patients. By the results of investigation, a generalized clinical and instrumental characteristics of DPR patients were formulated, with added motivational and psychological specificities.Conclusion.It is found that in every 5th myocardial infarction patient discharged from hospital, there is lack of data on individual PR parameters that significantly reduces the ability of primary care physician in prescription and implementation of PR events. Usage of eHealth instruments at outpatient stage of cardiorehabilitation make it to solve these issues of ORC, which has as its tasks the PR programs formulation and evaluation of patient readiness for ORC participation.
Lisans Öğrencilerinin Sporda Sürdürülebilirliğe İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Firat Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: YÜCEL Ali Serdar , ESKİYECEK Canan Gülbin , ÇİFTÇİ İsa , TAN Çetin , SAVUCU Yüksel , TÜRKMEN Aybala 
Published: November 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören lisans öğrencilerinin
sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin görüşlerinin tespit edilmesi ve bazı değişkenlere
göre incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu Fırat Üniversitesi Spor Bilimler Fakültesi’nde
öğrenim gören ve rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş olan 643 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri
toplama aracı olarak, Koçak ve ark. (2015) tarafından
geliştirilen 35 maddelik 6 alt boyuttan oluşan (Sosyal, Bireysel, Katılım,
Ekonomik, Örgütsel ve Çevresel Boyut) 5’li Likert ölçekli “Sporda
Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeği (SSÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen verilerin
SPPS 22.0 programı ile frekans ve yüzdelik hesaplanmaları
yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde; ikili karşılaştırmalar için t
testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalar için ise ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır (p&lt;0.05). Araştırmada lisans öğrencilerinin ölçeğe
ilişkin ortalamalarının 3.83 olduğu yani sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin
olumlu tutum sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca lisans öğrencilerine ait demografik
ve sosyo-ekonomik değişkenlerin (cinsiyet, yaş, mezuniyet, yaşadığı yer, anne
ve baba eğitim durumu, lisansa sahip olma vb.) ölçek alt boyutları ile karşılaştırmalarında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p&lt;0.05). Araştırma sonucunda spor
bilimleri fakültesinde lisans öğrenimi göre öğrencilerin sporda sürdürülebilirliğe
ilişkin olumlu tutum sergiledikleri belirlenmiştir.
Development of Topical Nanocarriers for Skin Cancer Treatment Using Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Csányi Erzsébet , Bakonyi Mónika , Kovács Anita , Budai-Szűcs Mária , Csóka Ildikó , Berkó Szilvia 
Published: November 2018

Background:
One of the most compelling medical challenges of this century is the treatment
of cancer and among them, skin cancer is the most common type. Thus, current treatments need to be
renewed continuously to handle this challenge.

Objective:
This review presents considerations which can be employed during the development of
nanosized formulations dedicated to the topical treatment of skin cancer. We aimed to collect and organize
literature data on the treatment options for skin cancer in order to determine the required quality
attributes of an effective dermal anticancer formulation.

Method:
With the consideration of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach related to the development
of new pharmaceutical formulations, a cost-saving process ensuring a high-quality product taking into
account patient expectations, industrial and regulatory aspects can be achieved. Furthermore, this concept
is highly recommended by regulatory agencies.

Results:
Our work discusses the current therapies, active agents, drug carrier systems, and evaluation
methods in connection with the treatment of skin cancer and outlines Critical Quality Attributes which
need to be considered during the development of a nanosized dermal anticancer formulation.

Conclusion:
The first part of this review summarizes the most important topical treatment therapies for
skin cancer and highlights the future therapeutic perspectives, focusing on the benefits of nanotechnology
and dermal administration. The second part outlines the critical points of nanosized dermal anticancer
formulation development in the view of QbD approach. Our research emphasizes the application
of QbD method for a rationalized and more effective anticancer formulation development process.
ACTIVATED CARBON UTILIZATION FROM CORN COB (Zea mays) AS A HEAVY METAL ADSORBENT IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: Christica IS , Julia R 
Published: November 2018

Corn is a diet staple for many people in the world. It’s found as a side dish, in soup, in casseroles, and more. The use of corn as a food ingredient also increase corn production which is also leaves cobs waste that has not been optimally utilized. Therefore to increase the economic value and utilization of this plant, the corn cobs can be utilized as a bio absorbent through activation process. The purpose of this study was to reduce the concentration of heavy metal using activated carbon from corn cobs and also to determine the effect of the addition of activated carbon in various concentrations to heavy metal content. Determination of heavy metal absorption of Ferrous, Copper and Lead in industrial waste was using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Result showed that addition of 1 gram corn cob activated carbon decreased level of ferrous, copper and lead as much as 60.20%; 59.24% and 59.67% respectively. The addition of 1.5 gram corn cob activated carbon decreased level of ferrous, copper and lead as much as 80.01%, 79.5% and 79.89 % respectively It could be conculded that activated carbon form corn cobs decreased heavy metal content in industrial waste.
EFFECT OF ECLIPTA ALBA ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN MICE
Authors: Chahal Harmel Singh , Sharma Shailendra 
Published: November 2018

The present study deals with the evaluation of potential effects of Eclipta alba (EA) in memory impairment of mice. Memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) in animals. To assess learning and memory in mice Morris water maze test was employed. The acetylcholinestrase enzyme (AChE) activity in brain was measured to evaluate the central cholinergic activity. The levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH)in brain were estimated to assess the degree of oxidative stress. Scopolamine treatment produces significant impairment of learning and memory in mice, as reflected by a significant decrease in MWM performance. Scopolamine also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (increase in TBARS and decrease in GSH) levels. EA (300 and 600 mg/kg,oral) significantly prevented scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits along with decrease of scopolamine-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that Eclipta alba has significant protective action against scopolamine induced memory deficits in mice that can be attributed to its anti AChE and anti oxidant actions.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Oxidative stress, Morris water Maze, Scopolamine
Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus
Authors: Odo Amelia Ngozi , Onoh Samuel C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The study determined food hygiene knowledge and practices among food handlers in University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus. Two specific objectives, two corresponding research questions, and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. The population for the study was 165 food handlers. There was no sampling done. A researchers’- designed food hygiene knowledge and practices questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Frequencies and percentages were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square (X2) statistic was used to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. Findings showed among others that all the respondents (100%) who have no formal education were knowledgeable about food hygiene; 90.8 per cent of those who have primary education, 92.3 per cent of those who have secondary education and 92.3 of those who have no tertiary education had good knowledge of food hygiene. There was no significant difference in the level of food hygiene knowledge possessed by food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). There was no significant difference in the food hygiene practices of food handlers based on level of education (P = >.05). The study recommended among others, that managers of food business establishments should frequently supervise the hygienic condition under which food handlers working for them prepare food.
Atuação da Equipe de Enfermagem no Cuidado ao Paciente Grave
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Celin de 
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Investigar como deve ser a atuação do profissional de enfermagem nos cuidados com o paciente grave, considerando a relevância da humanização da equipe de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva adulta. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, descritiva, tendo como unidade de análise publicações relacionadas à assistência humanizada de enfermagem direcionada ao paciente crítico. Resultado e Discussão: Conclusão: No estudo, observou-se que alguns profissionais de enfermagem desconhecem a Política Nacional de Humanização, observou-se que os profissionais que demonstram algum grau de conhecimento apresentam dificuldades para implementação desta, contudo acreditam que o cuidado humanizado contribui de maneira significativa na recuperação do paciente.