bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectives and discourse markers in Ancient Greek
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Ancient Greek particle atár has been described as a connective device that encodes either an adversative or a progressive relation between sentences. The purpose of this paper is to revise the description of this particle by framing its analysis within a consistent and theoretically up-to-date model of clause linkage and discourse structure. Starting from previous findings on the function of atár in Homer, I undertake a corpus analysis of atár in Euripides and Aristophanes. This analysis reveals differences in usage at different stages of the language that have been previously neglected. Whereas in Homer, atár largely behaves as a connective and encodes a semantic relation of oppositive contrast between sentences, in later texts it rather behaves as a discourse marker and contributes to the management of both thematic continuity and interactional practices. These differences point to a specific diachronic path of grammaticalization that accounts for the changes undergone by atár.
Design du produit et processus de persuasion hiérarchisé : application à trois produits électro-ménagers
Authors: Belboula Imène , Ackermann Claire-Lise , Mathieu Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Le design d’un produit peut être appréhendé comme étant un vecteur de communication générant des réponses affectives et cognitives. Cette recherche s’appuie sur les modèles de persuasion publicitaire de MacKenzie et al. (1986). Elle propose que le processus de persuasion induit par le design d’un produit opère selon une voie hiérarchisée directe, par transfert d’affect, et indirecte, à travers les croyances à l’égard du produit. Les résultats indiquent l’existence de la voie directe et de la voie indirecte, aussi bien pour les croyances fonctionnelles que pour les croyances symboliques. Ils mettent en évidence l’effet des choix stylistiques sur les réponses affectives, cognitives et comportementales des consommateurs.
Microbial Profile and Dental Caries in Cleft Lip and Palate Babies Between 0 and 3 Years Old
Authors: Durhan Müesser Ahu , Topcuoglu Nursen , Kulekci Guven , Ozgentas Ege , Tanboga Ilknur 
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the microbiological changes in newborn babies with cleft lip palate from birth up to age 3 and to correlate them with their caries levels and mothers’ microbiological data and to compare with normal infants. Basic Research Design: Prospective. Settings: Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, and Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital New Born Clinic. Patients/Participants: Cleft lip palate (n = 21) and healthy (n = 13) newborns and their mothers. Material and Methods: Intraoral samples were taken from babies in each group at least 3 times over the 3 years. Saliva samples of the mothers were collected just after the birth of the babies and examined microbiologically. Dental caries was noted as either present or absent. Results: The most frequent microorganisms were candida, found at birth (n = 9, 42%) in cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) group. The number of babies infected with Lactobacilli were found to be significantly higher in the CP±L group than in the control group at birth ( P = .029) and after eruption of the first primary tooth ( P = .030). Mutans Streptococci were found in 10% of babies with CP±L at birth. Initial caries was identified in 20% of the babies with an oral cleft compared with 0% of the controls after eruption of the first primary incisors. Conclusion: The results show that the CP±L babies must be considered as a group with an increased caries risk.
Diagnostic value of CD56 immunohistochemistry in thyroid lesions
Authors: Pyo Jung-Soo , Kim Dong-Hoon , Yang Jungho 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic roles of CD56 immunohistochemistry in differentiating various thyroid lesions. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the rate of loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression from 13 eligible studies regarding various thyroid lesions, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and follicular adenoma. To confirm the value of CD56 immunohistochemistry in differentiating various thyroid lesions, a diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted. Results: An 87.8%, 79.1%, 11.9%, 25.5%, and 19.6% loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression was identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma, benign follicular nodule, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, respectively. In the normal thyroid tissue, the rate of loss of CD56 expression was 1.6%. Classical, follicular, diffuse sclerosing, tall cell, and encapsulated variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma showed an 88.4%, 75.3%, 97.2%, 91.7%, and 91.7% loss of CD56 expression, respectively. In the comparison between the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular adenoma, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of CD56 immunohistochemistry was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70, 0.90) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.83, 0.99), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio and the area under curve on summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 51.43 (95% CI 5.83, 453.88) and 0.9387, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, these results indicate that the rate of loss of CD56 immunohistochemistry expression was significantly higher in malignant tumors, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, than in follicular adenoma, benign follicular nodule, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. As such, CD56 immunohistochemistry can be useful in differentiating follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma.
Changes in biochemical tests in pregnancy and their clinical significance
Authors: Teasdale Stephanie , Morton Adam 
Published: May 2018

Interpretation of laboratory investigations relies on reference intervals. Physiological changes in pregnancy may result in significant changes in normal values for many biochemical assays, and as such results may be misinterpreted as abnormal or mask a pathological state. The aims of this review are as follows: 1. To review the major physiological changes in biochemical tests in normal pregnancy. 2. To outline where these physiological changes are important in interpreting laboratory investigations in pregnancy. 3. To document the most common causes of abnormalities in biochemical tests in pregnancy, as well as important pregnancy-specific causes.
Outlining and dictating scientific manuscripts is a useful method for health researchers: A focus group interview
Authors: Andresen Kristoffer , Laursen Jannie , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: May 2018

Background: Young researchers may experience difficulties when writing scientific articles for publication in biomedical journals. Various methods may facilitate the writing process including outlining the paper before the actual writing and using dictation instead of writing the first draft. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and difficulties for young, experienced researchers when writing articles using a detailed outline and dictation of the first draft. Methods: We used qualitative focus group interviews and the study was reported according to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research guideline. Participants were sampled from a group of researchers participating in a writing retreat/course. The interviews were recorded on a digital recorder and transcribed. The text was analyzed according to content analysis and coded and condensed into themes and subthemes. Groups of participants were added until data saturation was reached. Results: A total of 14 researchers participated (9 women and 5 men). Their clinical experience was median (range) of 6 (1–11) years since graduation from medical school. Two themes arose during the analyses of the data: “Process guidance with the outline as the map” and “arrival at dictation.” The outline was used in the preparation phase leading up to the day of dictation and was used in collaboration with co-authors and supervisors. The participants found it to be a useful tool for preparing the manuscript and dictating their initial first full draft. Conclusion: Experienced young researchers found beneficial effects of using a structured outline to prepare for dictation of scientific articles. The outline was a tool that would develop in close collaboration with co-authors and mentors. With dictation, a full first draft of a manuscript can be produced in a few hours. Participants positively evaluated this structured and reproducible way of producing scientific articles.
Pedicle Screws Loosening in Patients With Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine: Potential Risk Factors and Relative Contribution
Authors: Bokov Andrey , Bulkin Anatoliy , Aleynik Alexander , Kutlaeva Marina , Mlyavykh Sergey 
Published: May 2018

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To determine risk factors that may affect the rate of pedicle screws loosening in patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Methods: A total of 250 patients with a low-grade spondylolisthesis and lumbar instability associated with degenerative diseases were enrolled. Preoperatively patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and cancellous bone radiodensity of a vertebral body was measured in Hounsfield units (HU). Pedicle screw fixation was used to treat patients either with a posterior fusion only or in combination with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and direct lateral interbody fusion (D-LIF). Minimal follow-up period accounted for 18 months. Cases with screw loosening were registered assessing association with risk factors using logistic regression. Results: The rate of screw loosening was in positive correlation with the number fused levels and decreasing bone radiodensity. Fusion with a greater load-bearing surface cage was associated with the decrease in rate of pedicle screws loosening. Incomplete reduction in case of spondylolisthesis, bilateral facet joints removal, and laminectomy performed without anterior support favored pedicle screws loosening development. The estimated model classifies correctly 79% of cases with the specificity and sensitivity accounting for 87% and 66% respectively. Conclusions: The decreasing bone radiodensity in Hounsfield units has a considerable correlation with the rate of pedicle screws loosening. On the other hand, the length of fixation and applied surgical technique including fusion type also have a significant impact on complication rate. Spinal instrumentations should be planned by taking into account all potential risk factors and not characteristics relevant to bone quality assessment alone.
High-Dose DHA Has More Profound Effects on LDL-Related Features Than High-Dose EPA: The ComparED Study
Authors: Allaire Janie , Vors Cécile , Tremblay André J , Marin Johanne , Charest Amélie , Tchernof André , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoît 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContextSupplementation with high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations more than high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the phenotypic change in LDL and mechanisms responsible for the differential LDL-C response to EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women at risk of cardiovascular disease.Design, Setting, Participants, and InterventionIn a double-blind, controlled, crossover study, 48 men and 106 women with abdominal obesity and subclinical inflammation were randomized to a sequence of three treatment phases: phase 1, 2.7 g/d of EPA; phase 2, 2.7 g/d of DHA; and phase 3, 3 g/d of corn oil. All supplements were provided as three 1-g capsules for a total of 3 g/d. The 10-week treatment phases were separated by a 9-week washout period.Main Outcome MeasureIn vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)B100-containing lipoproteins were assessed using primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine at the end of each treatment in a subset of participants (n = 19).ResultsCompared with EPA, DHA increased LDL-C concentrations (+3.3%; P = 0.038) and mean LDL particle size (+0.7 Å; P &lt; 0.001) and reduced the proportion of small LDL (−3.2%; P &lt; 0.01). Both EPA and DHA decreased proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentrations similarly (−18.2% vs −25.0%; P &lt; 0.0001 vs control). Compared with EPA, DHA supplementation increased both the LDL apoB100 fractional catabolic rate (+11.4%; P = 0.008) and the production rate (+9.4%; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe results of the present study have shown that supplementation with high-dose DHA increases LDL turnover and contributes to larger LDL particles compared with EPA.
Impact of living mulches on the physical properties of Planosol in monocropped maize cultivation
Authors: Romaneckas Kęstutis , Adamavičienė Aida , Šarauskis Egidijus , Kriaučiūnienė Zita , Marks Marek , Vaitauskienė Kristina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The complex mutual interactions between soil properties and plants in high-biodiversity mono-cropping agro ecosystems have not been widely investigated. For this purpose, during 2009-2011, a stationary field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University to establish the effect of a multi-component agrocenose (maize, living mulch, weeds) on the physical properties of the soil. Spring oilseed rape, white mustard, spring barley, Italian ryegrass, black medic, Persian clover and red clover were sown as living mulch into maize inter-rows. The stability of >1.0 mm aggregates increased between the beginning and end of the maize vegetative period in almost all of the crops containing living mulch. The greatest competition for moisture content between the inter-crops and maize was observed at the beginning of the vegetative period because of living mulches of long growing seasons using the most moisture. In many cases, the shear strength of the soil was significantly reduced by the living mulch in the middle of summer, when it covered the maize inter-rows. These findings show that the monocropping of maize with living mulch stabilises or improves the physical characteristics of the soil, highlighting its potential for sustainable maize growing.
Organizational challenges and leaders’ coping strategies: a qualitative study of Swedish military staff organization
Authors: Alvinius Aida , Ohlsson Alicia , Larsson Gerry 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Numerous societal change processes such as globalization, professionalization and social and technical acceleration have challenged military organizations. The aims of this study were to (1) gain a deeper understanding of coping strategies used by the military leaders at the strategic level to manage everyday organizational demands and (2) relate these strategies to multidisciplinary models of organizational challenges. Owing to an insufficiently developed base of research, an inductive approach was used. Interviews were performed with 23 Swedish brigadier generals and colonels. Five coping strategies were found for handling the negative organizational aspects: repair work, catching up, reproducing, using formal and informal strategies and managing loyalties. The theoretical concepts of narcissistic, anorectic and greedy organizations were used as a framework when interpreting the inductively generated coping strategies. It was suggested that the specific connection found between individual-level coping strategies and theoretically framed organizational challenges is new. The results of this study are discussed theoretically and may be valuable in educational settings when evaluating the working conditions and performance of high-level officers.
Use of Visual Feedback During Jump-Squat Training Aids Improvement in Sport-Specific Tests in Athletes
Authors: Vanderka Marián , Bezák Anton , Longová Katarína , Krčmár Matúš , Walker Simon 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Vanderka, M, Bezák, A, Longová, K, Krčmár, M, and Walker, S. Use of visual feedback during jump-squat training aids improvement in sport-specific tests in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2250–2257, 2020—This study investigated the effects of instantaneous performance feedback during the jump-squat exercise over a 6-week training period. Twenty-five strength-trained athletes were randomly divided into an instant feedback (n = 13, half-squat 3-repetition maximum (3RM)/body mass = 2.38 ± 0.19) or a nonfeedback (n = 12, half-squat 3RM/body mass = 2.03 ± 0.44) group. Both groups performed the same training program (3 × week), consisting of 4 sets of 8 repetitions (weeks 1–3) and 8 sets of 4 repetitions (weeks 4–6) using a barbell with a load that maximized the average concentric power output (Pmax) of each athlete. Subjects in the instant feedback group were given real-time data after each repetition. Pre-, mid-, and post-training testing consisted of maximum 20-, 30-, and 50-m running speed, 3RM back half-squat load, Pmax and the load that maximized average concentric power output (Pmax load), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ) height. Results revealed that the feedback group significantly improved all selected tests vs. nonfeedback (time × group interaction, p < 0.01). Significant improvements after training for 20, 30, 50 m, 3RM load, Pmax load, CMJ, and SJ were observed in the feedback group only (p < 0.01). Training without instant feedback did not lead to significant performance improvements; this group actually demonstrated significant decreases in SJ and Pmax (W) and Pmax load (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the use of instant feedback during jump-squat training in athletes was beneficial for improving multiple performance tasks over 6 weeks of training. Instant feedback is an important element of power training to maximize adaptations when training strength-trained athletes.
Speed Demands of Women's Rugby Sevens Match Play
Authors: Misseldine Nicole D. , Blagrove Richard C. , Goodwin Jon E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Misseldine, ND, Blagrove, RC, and Goodwin, JE. Speed demands of women's rugby sevens match play. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 183–189, 2021—The purpose of this study was to quantify the running speed demands of elite female rugby sevens match play, both absolute and relative to maximal ability, and determine the importance of maximal velocity running to performance. Individual maximal running velocity (Vmax) was established for 12 professional female rugby sevens athletes before the collection of global positioning system data during all 6 games of an international tournament. The subjective importance of each maximal velocity running effort was established using visual analogue scale ratings of video clips by coaches. Differences in velocity demands between backs and forwards were analyzed using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and differences in “sprint” distance using the typical-standard and female-adjusted sprint thresholds were compared using a paired-samples t-test. The mean peak velocity reached per game by all players was 90.6 ± 7.9% Vmax. Players covered 1,556 ± 233 m per game, with “sprinting” representing 6 ± 4% of this total distance using the typical-standard “sprint” threshold (5.6 m·s−1), but a significantly (p < 0.001) greater 12 ± 4% using the female-adjusted threshold (4.7 m·s−1). Despite similar total distances, backs reached significantly (p < 0.05) greater peak running velocity and covered more distance at sprint, >75% Vmax and >90% Vmax speeds when compared to forwards. More than half of the running efforts peaking at ≥90% Vmax were considered very influential to game outcomes. These findings suggest that maximal velocity running is important to female rugby sevens performance, and that high-speed demands are different for backs and forwards. Furthermore, the typical-standard sprint thresholds significantly underestimate the true running demands of female rugby sevens.
Activation of the Gluteus Maximus During Performance of the Back Squat, Split Squat, and Barbell Hip Thrust and the Relationship With Maximal Sprinting
Authors: Williams Michael J. , Gibson Neil V. , Sorbie Graeme G. , Ugbolue Ukadike C. , Brouner James , Easton Chris 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Williams, MJ, Gibson, N, Sorbie, GG, Ugbolue, UC, Brouner, J, and Easton, C. Activation of the gluteus maximus during performance of the back squat, split squat, and barbell hip thrust and the relationship with maximal sprinting. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 16–24, 2021—The purpose of this research was to compare muscle activation of the gluteus maximus and ground reaction force between the barbell hip thrust, back squat, and split squat and to determine the relationship between these outcomes and vertical and horizontal forces during maximal sprinting. Twelve, male, team sport athletes (age, 25.0 ± 4.0 years; stature, 184.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass, 82.2 ± 7.9 kg) performed separate movements of the 3 strength exercises at a load equivalent to their individual 3 repetition maximum. The ground reaction force was measured using force plates and the electromyography (EMG) activity of the upper and lower gluteus maximus and was recorded in each leg and expressed as percentage of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Subjects then completed a single sprint on a nonmotorized treadmill for the assessment of maximal velocity and horizontal and vertical forces. Although ground reaction force was lower, peak EMG activity in the gluteus maximus was higher in the hip thrust than in the back squat (p = 0.024; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4–56% MVIC) and split squat (p = 0.016; 95% CI = 6–58% MVIC). Peak sprint velocity correlated with both anterior-posterior horizontal force (r = 0.72) and peak ground reaction force during the barbell hip thrust (r = 0.69) but no other variables. The increased activation of gluteus maximus during the barbell hip thrust and the relationship with maximal running speed suggests that this movement may be optimal for training this muscle group in comparison to the back squat and split squat.