bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine DNA‐kodierte Molekülbibliothek mit Elementen natürlicher Makrocyclen
Authors: Stress Cedric J. , Sauter Basilius , Schneider Lukas A. , Sharpe Timothy , Gillingham Dennis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWir zeigen die Synthese einer DNA‐kodierten Makrocyclenbibliothek (DKMB) über sieben Schritte auf DNA. Diese Bibliothek wurde, inspiriert von Polyketid‐ und gemischten Peptid‐Polyketid‐Naturstoffen, mit stark variierender Grundstruktur geplant. Die hohe Vielfalt wurde mit selbst synthetisierten Bausteinen erreicht, deren Herstellung allerdings arbeitsintensiv ist. Diese Studie zeigt die Wichtigkeit eines durchdachten Retrosynthesedesigns von DNA‐kodierten Bibliotheken und offenbart Herausforderungen, für die neue, DNA‐kompatible Synthesemethoden benötigt werden.
Sodium Cobalt Metaphosphate as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Gond Ritambhara , Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSodium cobalt metaphosphate [NaCo(PO3)3] has CoO octahedra (CoO6) and shows superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline solution, comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal RuO2 catalyst. OER catalysts of this metaphosphate are prepared by combustion (Cb) and solid‐state (SS) methods. The combustion‐assisted method offers a facile synthesis and one‐step carbon composite formation. Unusually high catalytic activity was observed in NCoM‐Cb‐Ar and could be due to chemical coupling effects between NaCo(PO3)3 and partially graphitized carbon. This novel electrocatalyst exhibits very small overpotential of 340 mV with high mass activity of 532 A g−1. Good charge transfer abilities and chemical coupling between NaCo(PO3)3 and amorphous carbon gives the OER activity in NCoM‐Cb‐Ar.
A DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library Incorporating Elements of Natural Macrocycles
Authors: Stress Cedric J. , Sauter Basilius , Schneider Lukas A. , Sharpe Timothy , Gillingham Dennis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere we show a seven‐step chemical synthesis of a DNA‐encoded macrocycle library (DEML) on DNA. Inspired by polyketide and mixed peptide‐polyketide natural products, the library was designed to incorporate rich backbone diversity. Achieving this diversity, however, comes at the cost of the custom synthesis of bifunctional building block libraries. This study outlines the importance of careful retrosynthetic design in DNA‐encoded libraries, while revealing areas where new DNA synthetic methods are needed.
Mechanism of Lithium Cation Hopping between Tetragonal Thiophene Cages
Authors: Partovi‐Azar Pouya , Sebastiani Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report on the atomistic mechanism of elementary hopping processes of Li+ ions in liquid thiophene obtained from ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulations. We observe the formation of cage structures which solvate the cation. Besides the actual molecular solvation structure, we provide an analysis of the pathway and timescale of basic Li+ diffusion steps in terms of coordination by sulfur atoms. We compare our results to the situation in a thiophene derivative, namely 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). The calculations reveal that in both thiophene and EDOT liquids, a tetrahedral structure is formed around the Li+ ion. While in the case of the former, the Li cation is coordinated by four sulfur atoms, in the latter case it is surrounded by four oxygens. The tetrahedrons act as cages, which accommodate the cation for a considerable duration (of the order of 100 ps). The elementary diffusion step occurs through a “permeable edge” of the tetrahedron formed by two sulfur (or oxygen) atoms at a characteristic distance. This finding indicates that Li+ conduction in thiophene derivatives can be improved by rationally designing the compound in such a way that maximizes the occurrence of sulfur atoms at that particular distance from each other.
Transmission and refutation of organisational rumours: Consumer identification and processing types
Authors: Grover Aditi , Foreman Jeff , Hsieh Meng‐Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIf consumers accept rumours without verifying them, considerable damage to individuals or organisations could result. By applying the appraisal theory of emotions, this article provides a framework for clarifying rumour communications by people who identify strongly or weakly with an organisation that is the object of a rumour. Study 1 reveals that when people identify strongly with the rumour object and hear an important rumour, they spread positive information more readily than negative information. They are also more likely to transmit information of high (vs. low) importance when the rumour is positive. Conversely, weak identifiers are equally likely to spread positive and negative information, regardless of importance. Study 2 incorporates a heuristic‐systematic model and demonstrates that strong identifiers process refutations systematically when those refutations refer to a positive, less important rumour. Conversely, they process refutation information heuristically if they confront positive, important rumours or if they receive a refutation of a negative rumour. Identification with the rumour object affects its spread, but rumour objects can develop refutation strategies to halt the spread of negative rumours or encourage the spread of positive rumours about the organisation. Rumour refutation efforts cannot be generalised but instead should be targeted according to consumers' strong or weak identification.
Biocatalytic Protein‐Based Materials for Integration into Energy Devices
Authors: Sánchez‐deAlcázar Daniel , Velasco‐Lozano Susana , Zeballos Nicoll , López‐Gallego Fernando , Cortajarena Aitziber L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a current need to fabricate new biobased functional materials. Bottom‐up approaches to assemble simple molecular units have shown promise for biomaterial fabrication due to their tunability and versatility for the incorporation of functionalities. Herein, the fabrication of catalytic protein thin films by the entrapment of catalase into protein films composed of a scaffolding protein is demonstrated. Extensive structural and functional characterization of the films provide evidence of the structural integrity, order, stability, catalytic activity, and reusability of the biocatalytic materials. Finally, these functional biomaterials are coupled with piezoelectric disks to fabricate a second generation of bio‐inorganic generators. These devices are capable of producing electricity from renewable fuels through catalase‐driven gas production that mechanically stimulates the piezoelectric material.
Left internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistula causing coronary steal syndrome: A review of literature on therapy, intervention, and management
Authors: Olson Peter C. , Spagnola Jonathan , Nalluri Nikhil , Tamburrino Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoronary artery anomalies (CAA) are anatomical aberrations in the origin, structure, and course of the epicardial arteries. Literature has detailed common anomalies or fistulas formed because of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) manipulation of intrathoracic vessels. Despite the commonality of the CABG procedure, there are a few CAA and fistula findings which remain extremely rare. We present a case of left internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistula causing coronary steal syndrome that presented symptomatically as a malignant arrhythmia. Following a literature review of therapy, intervention, and management we recommend a team based approach when faced with this extremely rare case presentation. The goal of management should to reduce symptoms, and ischemia, by reducing or stopping flow through the fistula and out of the coronary blood supply.
Reactivity of Nickel(II) Porphyrins in oCVD Processes—Polymerisation, Intramolecular Cyclisation and Chlorination
Authors: Bengasi Giuseppe , Baba Kamal , Back Oliver , Frache Gilles , Heinze Katja , Boscher Nicolas D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxidative chemical vapour deposition of (5,15‐diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDPP) with iron(III) chloride as oxidant yielded a conjugated poly(metalloporphyrin) as a highly coloured thin film, which is potentially useful for optoelectronic applications. This study clarified the reactive sites of the porphyrin monomer NiDPP by HRMS, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. Unsubstituted meso positions are essential for successful polymerisation, as demonstrated by varying the porphyrin meso substituent pattern from di‐ to tri‐ and tetraphenyl substitution. DFT calculations support the proposed radical oxidative coupling mechanism and explain the regioselectivity of the C−C coupling processes. Depositing the conjugated polymer on glass slides and on thermoplastic transparent polyethylene naphthalate demonstrated the suitability of the porphyrin material for flexible optoelectronic devices.
3D printed NMR spectra: From 1D and 2D acquisition to 3D visualization
Authors: Bakker Michael , Boyd Ben , Meints Gary A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVisualization of two‐dimensional and relaxation NMR spectra can be difficult for students new to the subject. Educators have utilized 3D printing previously to demonstrate concepts such as potential energy surfaces and molecular orbitals, but this technology has yet to be used to create a visual model of NMR data. In order to address this, we have developed an approach for creating 3D printed models of two‐dimensional and inversion recovery spectra, which can then be used as an innovative teaching tool. This was done by converting raw FT NMR data into a 3D data graph using Mathematica. This graph is then converted into stereolithography format and printed using a 3D printer. These physical models will allow students to better understand the complex information presented in these NMR spectra.
Examining the Structure Sensitivity of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Pt Single‐Crystal Electrodes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Bizzotto Francesco , Ouhbi Hassan , Fu Yongchun , Wiberg Gustav K. H. , Aschauer Ulrich , Arenz Matthias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the present work we investigate the structure sensitivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) combining electrochemistry, in situ spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The intrinsic difficulty of such studies is the fact that at electrode potentials where the OER is observed, the electrode material is highly oxidized. As a consequence, the surface structure during the reaction is in general ill‐defined and only scarce knowledge exists concerning the structure‐activity relationship of this important reaction. To alleviate these challenging conditions, we chose as starting point well‐defined Pt single‐crystal electrodes, which we exposed to well‐defined conditioning before studying their OER rate. Using this approach, a potential region is identified where the OER on Pt is indeed structure‐sensitive with Pt(100) being significantly more active than Pt(111). This experimental finding is in contrast to a DFT analysis of the adsorption strength of the reaction intermediates O*, OH*, and OOH* often used to plot the activity in a volcano curve. It is proposed that as a consequence of the highly oxidizing conditions, the structure‐sensitive charge‐transfer resistance through the interface determines the observed reaction rate.
Exact SEP and performance bounds for orthogonal space‐time block codes in cooperative multiantenna AF relaying networks
Authors: Jeong Ui‐Seok , Ryu Gi‐Hoon , Jang Dong‐Sun , Ko Kyunbyoung 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we derive a moment generating function (MGF) for dual‐hop (DH) amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relaying networks, in which all nodes have an arbitrary number of antennas, with orthogonal space‐time block code (OSTBC) transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels. We present an exact error rate expression based on the derived MGF and another analytical approach to derive achievable performance bounds as closed‐forms of symbol error rate, outage probability, and normalized channel capacity. Furthermore, we derive the asymptotic behavior of symbol error rate and outage probability. From this asymptotic behavior, it is shown that the diversity order and its dependence on antenna configurations can be explicitly determined. Simulation results are also presented to verify their accuracy by comparing with numerical results and to provide an insight to the relationship between relaying networks' antenna configuration and diversity order. It is confirmed that the transmit antenna gain of the source node and the receive antenna gain of the relay node can be obtained only when the relay is close to the destination, and then, the transmit antenna gain of the relay node and the receive antenna gain of the destination node can be obtained only when the relay is close to the source.
3D morphological analysis of spiral intestine morphogenesis in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea
Authors: Theodosiou Nicole A. , Oppong Emmanuela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe evolution of organ asymmetries is less explored than the field of organ morphology and coiling. The digestive tract of elasmobranchs provides a fascinating model for studying the evolution of morphological asymmetries. Unique to elasmobranchs and all basal fishes is the spiral intestine, which may represent an intermediate morphology in evolution from the straight gut of lamprey to the elongated coils of higher vertebrates. The short spiral allows for a large absorptive surface area that can fit into a restrictive abdominal space.ResultsUsing histology and high resolution microCT, we provide the first 3D morphometric analysis of the spiral intestine during development in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Spiral formation is initiated by asymmetric growth in the mesenchyme, causing a bulging fold that protrudes into the lumen of the gut. As development proceeds, the fold elongates and spirals into a right‐handed helix. Spiraling progresses along the anterior‐posterior axis and is likely the result of mechanical forces driven by the asymmetric growth of surrounding tissues. After initial asymmetric growth, radial constraints from within the gut tube create constrictive forces further propagating spiraling.ConclusionWe propose a model for potential biophysical mechanisms that direct the morphogenesis of the spiral intestine.
Differences in risk factors for binge eating by socioeconomic status in a community‐based sample of adolescents: Findings from Project EAT
Authors: West Caroline E. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Mason Susan M. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating is prevalent across socioeconomic status (SES) groups, but it is unclear whether risk factors for binge eating vary by SES. This study examined the prevalence of several risk factors for binge eating by SES and SES as a potential moderator of these risk factors.MethodParticipants included 2,179 individuals involved in Project EAT during early/middle adolescence (EAT‐I) and 5 years later during late adolescence/emerging adulthood (EAT‐II). Risk ratios were computed using modified Poisson regression of incident EAT‐II binge eating on EAT‐I risk factors among participants of high and low SES. Interactions between each risk factor and SES were tested.ResultsAmong higher SES adolescents, overweight/obesity (RR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.7), body dissatisfaction (RR = 2.6; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.2, 5.5), dieting (RR = 4.0; 95% CI: 2.0, 8.2), and family weight‐teasing (RR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3) predicted increased risk for binge eating. Among adolescents from low‐SES backgrounds, overweight/obesity (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.9, 2.5), dieting (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9), and food insecurity (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.7) predicted increased risk for binge eating. Moderator analyses revealed that overweight/obesity, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and family weight‐teasing were stronger risk factors in the high‐SES group than the low‐SES group; interactions with food insecurity could not be examined given the low prevalence of food insecurity in the high‐SES group.DiscussionRisk factors for binge eating may vary by SES, suggesting the potential utility of modifying intervention and prevention methods based on SES. In particular, the role of food insecurity must be addressed.
The effects of embryonic experience with predation risk vary across a wave exposure gradient
Authors: Donelan Sarah C. , Trussell Geoffrey C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGradients in environmental stress can alter the ecological effects of predation risk to create variable landscapes of fear that shape prey antipredator responses. Prey obtain information about their risk environment not only from their immediate experiences with predators, but also from their previous experiences, especially if they occur during particularly sensitive windows in ontogeny. Embryonic development is often a key window when an individual's experiences can have lasting effects on behavior and fitness. The propensity of embryonic experiences with predation risk to affect prey performance, however, may vary across gradients of abiotic stress. Using a rocky intertidal system, we explored whether a dominant abiotic stressor—wave exposure—modifies the influence of embryonic experience with predation risk (from the green crab, Carcinus maenas) on prey (the carnivorous snail, Nucella lapillus) traits both at emergence and as one‐year‐olds exposed to current predation risk. We found that snails from wave‐exposed, but not sheltered, populations emerged smaller from development and grew less in the absence of current risk as one‐year‐olds if they experienced risk as embryos. However, exposure to current predation risk reduced the growth and growth efficiency of one‐year‐old snails from both wave‐exposed and sheltered populations. Our results demonstrate that increased environmental stress can modify predator–prey interactions and enhance prey reliance on early life experiences with predation risk, but that direct exposure to risk later in life can strongly affect prey performance across environmental stress gradients.
Identification technique of DC series arc‐fault strings in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Kanemaru Makoto , Kokura Kentaro , Mori Mitsugi , Shindoi Takashi , Yamamoto Masato 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe DC series arc‐faults lead a risk due to an aging of photovoltaic system components enhanced by environmental factors and high DC voltages in already existing photovoltaic systems. Until recently, many research activities have focused on the detection of DC series arc‐faults by current signature analysis. However, DC arc detector has two problems. First, it is difficult to distinguish arc noise and switching noise of power conditioner by circuit current in photovoltaic system. Secondly, when a DC series arc fault occurs in the photovoltaic system, DC series arc‐fault string cannot be specified because the arc noise is propagated in the circuit. In this article, we propose two novel techniques for the DC series arc‐fault detection and identification of faulty strings. Experiments were performed by generating DC series arc in the field. The proposed technique is investigated based on the experimental results in the terms of effectiveness and applicability.
Inhibition of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate pathway promotes the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation
Authors: Perez Denise A. , Galvão Izabela , Athayde Rayssa M. , Rezende Barbara M. , Vago Juliana P. , Silva Julia D. , Reis Alesandra C. , Ribeiro Lucas S. , Gomes José H. S. , Pádua Rodrigo M. , Braga Fernão C. , Sousa Lirlândia P. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Pinho Vanessa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid derived from plasma membrane and has a known role in productive phase of inflammation, but its role in neutrophil survival and resolution phase of inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of S1P receptors and the blockade of S1P synthesis in BALB/c mice and human neutrophils. S1P and S1PR1‐3 receptors expression were increased in cells from the pleural cavity stimulated with LPS. Using different antagonists of S1PRs and inhibitors of different steps of the metabolic pathway of S1P production, we show that S1P and its receptors are involved in regulating neutrophil survival and resolution of inflammation in the pleural cavity. Given the role of the S1P‐S1PR axis in resolution of inflammation, we sought to identify whether blockade at different levels of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate synthesis pathway could affect neutrophil survival in vitro. Inhibitors of the S1P pathway were also able to induce human neutrophil apoptosis. In addition, blockade of S1P synthesis or its receptor facilitated the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophil. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for S1P in regulating the outcome of inflammatory responses, and position S1P‐S1PR axis as a potential target for treatment of neutrophilic inflammation.
Sand particle velocities over a subaqueous dune slope using high‐frequency image capturing
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga Renske C. , Coco Giovanni , Friedrich Heide 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis work presents measurements and analysis of sand particle velocities over a subaqueous dune with median sand diameter of 0.85 mm. Time‐lapse images of the mobile bed and an automated particle image velocimetry (PIV)‐based cross‐correlation method are used to obtain mean velocity of sand particles. This technique is shown to be consistent with measurements obtained with manual tracing. The measurements indicate an increase in mean particle velocity over a dune slope. Three regions are distinguished over the dune slope: (1) region of fluctuating particle velocity, (2) region of increasing particle velocity, and (3) region of maximum particle velocity. The observations are aligned with experimental and numerical modelling studies, indicating fluctuations in flow velocity over a dune stoss slope. We furthermore show that the standard deviation of the mean particle velocity is affected by the slope location and decreases from the lower slope towards the upper slope. The particle velocity variability is discussed in the context of general onset and cessation of sediment transport, the effect of the reattachment zone, sweep‐transport events, and the existence of superimposed bedforms. With this work we bridge the gap between measurements of bedload transport at the particle‐scale and at the bedform‐scale. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for drones positioning in mission critical applications
Authors: Al‐Turjman Fadi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently, the flying sensor systems have been given a careful interest to provide critical administrations and services in a fiasco territory. Since severe debacles require the trading of geo‐referenced area‐based data among the salvage group and additionally the people in question, an independent exact situating framework is required. A Worldwide situating framework, or a global positioning system (GPS), gives close precise area data when there is an immediate viewable pathway with something like four satellites. Nonetheless, GPS beneficiaries may experience blackouts inside regions where satellite signs are hindered by impediments, for example, the normal mists in the sky and jammed structures in urban areas. This would prompt significant corruption in crisply developing remote detecting/flying applications, for example, those utilizing Drones. Therefore, to conquer this issue, GPS is coordinated with inertial navigation system (INS) to get a dependable route arrangement, particularly amid GPS blackouts. This study presents test and reproduction aftereffects of incorporation strategy dependent on machine learning that coordinates GPS with INS progressively. A field information was utilized to execute the combination and acquire promising outcomes. In addition, a discourse about benefits and impediments of the proposed strategy is given.