bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commons as possessions: The path to protection of the commons in the ECHR system
Authors: Mattei Ugo , Albanese Rocco Alessio , Fisher Ryan J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ‘commons’ is not mentioned in the texts of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) or Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (P‐1). This essay argues that ‘possessions’ — which does appear in the latter — should be interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to protect commons against national governments' undue interferences. The argument comprises two parts. First, we analyse the polysemic term ‘possessions’ to show how the current understanding of this category is marred by flawed assumptions and by false dichotomies. Then, we propose an ‘ecological’ construction of legal relationships between subjects and objects. We find support in the ECtHR case law on Article 8. We argue this approach should be extended to Article 1 P‐1: once disentangled from possessive individualism and market paradigms, ‘possessions’ encompass the commons and the category offers a solid legal basis toward the justiciability in Strasbourg of privatisations.
Intervertebral disc disease of the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae in equidae: eight cases
Authors: Dyson S. , Busoni V. , Salciccia A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIntervertebral disc disease in the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae is unusual in horses and the majority of documented cases have been associated with infection and resulted in ataxia. The current retrospective study documents the clinical and imaging features, and outcome in eight Equidae with neck stiffness ± forelimb lameness (n = 3) or ataxia (n = 2) assessed during a 10‐year period at two clinics. The Equidae (one donkey and seven horses) ranged in age from 1.5 to 12 years (median 5.5 years). The duration of clinical signs ranged from 1 to 6 months (median 1.5 months). The donkey had a depressed demeanour. All Equidae had reduced range of neck movement. The donkey and one horse showed mild and severe ataxia respectively. Two horses showed a propensity to stumble on each forelimb, one of which exhibited forelimb lameness on the lunge or ridden. Two additional horses showed lameness in hand. One horse experienced ‘neck locking’ during grazing. Radiological abnormalities were identified involving the intervertebral symphysis between the sixth cervical vertebra (C6) and C7 in four Equidae; in two horses the articulation between C7 and the first thoracic vertebra (T1) was involved. One horse had abnormalities of the intervertebral symphyses of both C7 and T1, and T1 and T2. In one horse the articulation between C2 and 3 was affected. The donkey was treated with a prolonged course of doxycycline and improved. An advanced dressage horse returned to full‐function after surgical fusion of the affected intervertebral symphysis. Intervertebral disc disease is a rare cause of neck stiffness ± lameness or ataxia.
Evaluation of dynamic modulus measurement for C/C‐SiC composites at different temperatures
Authors: Hönig Sandrine , Koch Dietmar , Weber Steffen , Etzold Simon , Tonnesen Thorsten , Telle Rainer , Traon Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe determination of elastic properties at application temperature is fundamental for the design of fibre reinforced ceramic composite components. An attractive method to characterize the flexural modulus at room and high temperature under specific atmosphere is the nondestructive Resonant Frequency Damping Analysis (RFDA). The objective of this paper was to evaluate and validate the modulus measurement via RFDA for orthotropic C/C‐SiC composites at the application temperature. At room temperature flexural moduli of C/C‐SiC with 0/90° reinforcement were measured under quasi‐static 4‐point bending loads and compared with dynamic moduli measured via RFDA longitudinally to fibre direction. The dynamic modulus of C/C‐SiC was then measured via RFDA up to 1250°C under flowing inert gas and showed an increase with temperature which fitted with literature values. The measured fundamental frequencies were finally compared to those resulting from numerical modal analyses. Dynamic and quasi‐static flexural moduli are comparable and the numerical analyses proved that bending modes are correctly modeled by means of dynamic modulus measured via RFDA. The nondestructive RFDA as well as the numerical modeling approach are suitable for evaluation of C/C‐SiC and may be transferred to other fibre reinforced ceramic composite materials.
On the Rise: Women Voters in India
Authors: Roy Prannoy , Sopariwala Dorab R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Women voters have shown increased participation and influence in India's elections since the first Lok Sabha – the lower house of parliament – was elected in the 1950s. Journalist Prannoy Roy and pollster Dorab R. Sopariwala explain the changes and the effects they are having on the country's democracy
Warm‐white light performance of Dy3+, Eu3+: NaLa(WO4)2 phosphors excited with a 450‐nm LED
Authors: Wu Yonghua , Yang Fugui , Yan Fengpo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDy3+, Eu3+: NaLa(WO4)2 phosphors are successfully synthesized through the solid‐state reaction technique. The phase‐structure and morphology are measured via X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The concentrations of Dy3+, Eu3+, La3+, and W6+ are measured via ICP. The absorption and excited spectra are presented, which indicate that a blue band ranging from 430 to 480 nm is suitable for excitation. Using a commercial blue LED with a wavelength of 450 nm as the excitation light source, emission spectra for samples with varying dopant concentration ratios of Dy3+ to Eu3+ are obtained, which show good tunable yellow and red emission. For the purpose of investigating white LED performance, CIE spectra and a white light photo are also presented. The results reveal that varying the dopant concentration ratio of Dy3+ to Eu3+ plays a key role in the warm‐white performance. With increasing concentration of Eu3+, the correlated color temperature decreases from 4069 to 3172 K, which indicates good warm‐white performance.
Youth versus femininity: What are we truly trying to achieve?
Authors: Fabi Sabrina Guillen , Willett Matthew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe desire for a more youthful appearance is that for which men and women often present for consideration of aesthetic interventions. For the female patient who is contemplating facial cosmetic enhancement, a true myriad of possible treatments exist. These options include neuromodulators, light‐based therapies, and soft tissue fillers, and are often touted as restoring a more “youthful” appearance to an otherwise aged‐appearing face. Perhaps it is not only youth that is being restored, but femininity, which in turn is appraised as being more beautiful.
Uterine fibroid management: Today and tomorrow
Authors: Dolmans Marie‐Madeleine , Donnez Jacques , Fellah Latifa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent treatments for fibroids are mainly surgical and expensive, so alternatives need to be found. It is, therefore, vital to develop and evaluate alternatives to surgical procedures, especially when fertility preservation is the goal. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are synthetic compounds that have either an agonistic or antagonistic impact on target tissues determined by their binding to progesterone receptors. Their mixed activity depends on recruitment of cofactors that regulate transcription along so‐called genomic pathways, as well as nongenomic interactions with other signaling pathways. There is no doubt that surgery remains indicated in some instances, but we must now establish whether use of SPRMs (notably ulipristal acetate) allows less invasive surgery or even complete avoidance of surgery. Long‐term intermittent administration of ulipristal acetate will undoubtedly change our approach to the management of uterine fibroids according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification, which provides a comprehensive basis for different treatment options. When considering less invasive techniques (uterus‐sparing options like myomectomy), the choice is guided by the size, number and location of fibroids, as well as the personal experience of the gynecologist and available equipment. There is now a growing body of evidence pointing to the crucial role of progesterone pathways in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids. SPRMs should, therefore, be considered an alternative to surgical therapy, or at least an adjunct to surgery, as illustrated in the algorithms. © 2019 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Effects of dietary supplementation with betaine on muscle growth, muscle amino acid contents and meat quality in Cherry Valley ducks
Authors: Chen Rui , Wen Chao , Cheng Yefei , Chen Yueping , Zhuang Su , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, muscle amino acid contents, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, myogenic gene expression and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in Cherry Valley ducks were evaluated. A total of 720 1‐day‐old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly distributed into four groups with six replicates of 30 birds for a 42‐day feeding trial. Ducks were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 250, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. Growth performance was not affected by betaine. Incremental levels of betaine linearly (p < 0.05) increased the breast muscle yield and linearly (p < 0.05) decreased the subcutaneous fat thickness and the abdominal fat yield. The contents of methionine, serine, glycine, glutamate and total non‐essential amino acid in breast muscle were linearly (p < 0.05) increased by betaine supplementation. With increasing betaine levels, the drip loss and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were linearly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the redness of meat (linear p < 0.05), the activities of catalase (CAT) (linear p < 0.05) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) (linear p < 0.05, quadratic p < 0.05) were increased. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation factor 1 (MyoD1) mRNA expression and the mTOR mRNA expression and protein phosporylation were linearly (p < 0.05) up‐regulated, and the myostatin (MSTN) mRNA expression was linearly (p < 0.05) down‐regulated by betaine supplementation. Overall, this study indicated that betaine supplementation did not affect the growth performance of Cherry Valley ducks, but could linearly increase some amino acid contents in breast muscle, especially glycine, and increase muscle antioxidant activity to improve meat quality. Moreover, betaine supplementation could improve the breast muscle yield by increasing MyoD1 mRNA expression, decreasing MSTN mRNA expression and regulating mTOR signalling pathway.
Accuracy of Area Model and Number Line Representations of Fractions for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Morano Stephanie , Riccomini Paul J. , Lee Joo‐Young 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAssessment results are used to investigate relations between performance on a fraction number line estimation task and a circular area model estimation task for students with LD in Grades 6–8. Results indicate that students’ abilities to represent fractions on number lines and on circular area models are distinct skills. In addition, accurate fraction magnitude estimation using number lines was more strongly related to other fractions skills (e.g., fraction magnitude comparison) than accurate fraction magnitude estimation using circular area models. Our findings call for greater integration of the number line into early fractions instruction, and highlight the importance of explicitly teaching students to make connections between different visual representations of fractions. Implications for research and practice are presented.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: What participants perceive as important
Authors: Brailo Vlaho , McKnight Patrick , Kerr Alexander R. , Lodi Giovanni , Lockhart Peter B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOur objective was to identify which aspects of World Workshop on Oral Medicine (WWOM) participation were perceived as significant for participants’ professional development. Online survey was sent to previous WWOM participants. Qualitative analysis of participants’ responses to an open‐ended question was performed. Fifty‐two WWOM participants responded. Nearly three quarters of respondents (72.3%) felt that participation in the WWOM helped their career. A high percentage of respondents (67.3%) provided answers that fell under the domains of international collaboration, followed by personal academic benefits (48%). Overall, the results indicate that WWOM participation played an important role in individual's professional development. We identified aspects of WWOM involvement that the participants perceived as important. This information will be used for the development of an objective instrument for measuring impact of WWOM on participant's professional path.
Brazilian legal framework on shellfish safety and its effects on the growth of shellfish farming and commerce
Authors: Lafisca Andrea , de Fátima Marques de Mesquita Eliana , Vieira‐da‐Motta Olney 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShellfish are among the most at‐risk foods of the occidental culture, requiring special control along all the production chain to provide safe products to the population. Codex Alimentarius regulations offer orientations to the control and guarantee of shellfish safety, but the practical application of their indications shall be hampered at the local level by several elements: political, logistic and geographic, as examples. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the Brazilian legislative framework on shellfish safety in comparison to those proposed by other trading blocs, mainly the European Community and the USA. Our analysis points out how the simple application of international guidelines on shellfish safety designed for non‐tropical areas, the lack of political interest, and scientific orientation, and the concentration of reference laboratories in the extreme south of Brazil, hamper the development of safe and legal shellfish farming and commerce in the rest of the country.
CD21−/low B cells associate with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Katrin , Camponeschi Alessandro , Jonsson Charlotte , Granhagen Önnheim Karin , Nilsson Jenny , Forslind Kristina , Visentini Marcella , Jacobsson Lennart , Mårtensson Inga‐Lill , Gjertsson Inger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDepletion of B cells is beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and/or the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factor [RF]), suggesting a role for B cells in disease pathogenesis. To date, however, the identity of specifically pathogenic B cell subsets has not been discovered. One candidate population is identified by the low expression or absence of complement receptor 2 (CD21−/low B cells). In this study, we sought to determine whether there was any correlation between CD21−/low B cells and clinical outcome in patients with established RA, either ACPA+/RF+ (n = 27) or ACPA−/RF− (n = 10). Healthy donors (n = 17) were included as controls. The proportion of the CD21−/low CD27−IgD− memory B cell subset in peripheral blood (PB) was significantly increased in ACPA+/RF+ RA patients compared with healthy donors, and the frequency of this subset correlated with joint destruction (r = 0.57, P < 0.04). The levels of the chemokines CXCL‐9 and CXCL‐10 were higher in synovial fluid than in plasma, and PB CD21−/low cells expressed the receptor, CXCR3. In synovial fluid, most of the B cells were CD21−/low, approximately 40% of that population was CD27−IgD−, and a third of those expressed the pro‐osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). This subset also secreted RANKL, in addition to other factors such as IL‐6, even in the absence of stimulation. We interpret these data as reason to propose the hypothesis that the CD27−IgD− subset of CD21−/low B cells may mediate joint destruction in patients with ACPA+/RF+ RA.
Mining spatial associations between daily activities and health using EMA–GPS data
Authors: Dao Thi Hong Diep , Ravesloot Craig , Greiman Lillie , Hargrove Tannis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe geographical explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) data collection platform provides extremely rich geospatial datasets and is very promising to gain behavior insights linking mobility, activities, and health. However, the task of analyzing these large datasets effectively is not straightforward, because they often involve a large multivariable dimension and rich qualitative data formats. Responding to the call for innovative analytic approaches in GIScience, this article advocates the use of spatial association rule mining (SARM) to extract frequent associations among daily activities, daily mobility, and health, including both physical health (e.g. pain) and mental health (e.g. happiness). This inductive mining approach works robustly with large datasets and is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative studies. A novel visualization technique to analyze the mined rules is also developed and presented.
Early listeriosis after liver transplantation: Report of two cases
Authors: Piette Estelle , Vandermeulen Morgan , Meurisse Nicolas , Schielke Astrid , Meuris Christelle , Honoré Pierre , Detry Olivier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of potentially lethal infection and sepsis in transplant recipients. Listeriosis is usually described after kidney or bone marrow transplant, and has been less frequently reported after liver transplantation. Here, the authors present two cases of severe Listeria infection occurring within 4 months after complicated liver transplantation in patients still recovering on the ward. The patients were successfully treated by intravenous ampicillin. These cases should remind transplant physicians that listeriosis may develop in liver transplant recipients, that food safety advice should be provided, and that intravenous ampicillin might be an effective treatment for systemic listeriosis in solid organ recipients. It is likely that trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis might help prevent early listeriosis after solid organ transplantation.
Calorie-Containing Recovery Drinks Increase Recreational Runners’ Voluntary Energy and Carbohydrate Intake, with Minimal Impact on Fluid Recovery
Authors: Desbrow Ben , Barnes Katelyn , Cox Gregory R. , Iudakhina Elizaveta , McCartney Danielle , Skepper Sierra , Young Caroline , Irwin Chris 
Published: May 2019

This study assessed voluntary dietary intake when different beverages were provided within a recovery area following recreational exercise. Participants completed two 10-km runs 1 week apart. Immediately after the first run, “beer drinkers” (n = 54; mean ± SD: age = 23.9 ± 5.8 years, body mass [BM] = 76 ± 13 kg) randomly received low-alcohol beer (Hahn Ultra® [Lion Co.], 0.9% alcohol by volume) or sports drink (SD; Gatorade® [PepsiCo]), whereas “nonbeer drinkers” (n = 78; age = 21.8 ± 2.2 years, BM = 71 ± 13 kg) received water or SD. Participants remained in a recovery area for 30–60 min with fluid consumption monitored. The following week, participants received the alternate beverage. Participants recorded all food/fluid consumed for the remainder of both trial days (diary and photographs). Fluid balance was assessed via BM change and urine specific gravity. Paired t tests were used to assess differences in hydration and dietary variables. No differences were observed in preexercise urine specific gravity (∼1.01) or BM loss (∼2%) between intervention groups (ps > .05). Water versus SD: No difference in acute fluid intake was noted (water = 751 ± 259 ml, SD = 805 ± 308 ml, p = .157). SD availability influenced total energy and carbohydrate intakes (water = 5.7 ± 2.5 MJ and 151 ± 77 g, SD = 6.5 ± 2.7 MJ and 187 ± 87 g, energy p = .002, carbohydrate p < .001). SD versus beer: SD availability resulted in greater acute fluid intake (SD = 1,047 ± 393 ml, beer = 850 ± 630 ml; p = .004), which remained evident at the end of trial days (SD = 3,337 ± 1,100 ml, beer = 2,982 ± 1,191 ml; p < .01). No differences in dietary variables were observed. Next day, urine specific gravity values were not different between water versus SD. However, a small difference was detected between SD versus beer (SD = 1.021 ± 0.009, beer = 1.016 ± 0.008, p = .002). Consuming calorie-containing drinks postexercise appears to increase daily energy and carbohydrate intake but has minimal impact on next-day hydration.
Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lam Carly Siu Yin , Tang Wing Chun , Tse Dennis Yan-yin , Lee Roger Pak Kin , Chun Rachel Ka Man , Hasegawa Keigo , Qi Hua , Hatanaka Takashi , To Chi Ho 
Published: May 2019

AimTo determine if ‘Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments’ (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression.MethodsA 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese children aged 8–13 years, with myopia between −1.00 and −5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals.Results160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were −0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and −0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference −0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses.ConclusionsDaily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression.Trial registration numberNCT02206217.