bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extreme O-type spectroscopic binary HD 93129A
Authors: Gruner D. , Hainich R. , Sander A. A. C. , Shenar T. , Todt H. , Oskinova L. M. , Ramachandran V. , Ayres T. , Hamann W.-R. 
Published: November 2018

Context. HD 93129A was classified as the earliest O-type star in the Galaxy (O2 If*) and is considered as the prototype of its spectral class. However, interferometry shows that this object is a binary system, while recent observations even suggest a triple configuration. None of the previous spectral analyses of this object accounted for its multiplicity. With new high-resolution UV and optical spectra, we have the possibility to reanalyze this key object, taking its binary nature into account for the first time.
Aims. We aim to derive the fundamental parameters and the evolutionary status of HD 93129A, identifying the contributions of both components to the composite spectrum
Methods. We analyzed UV and optical observations acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope and ESO’s Very Large Telescope. A multiwavelength analysis of the system was performed using the latest version of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code.
Results. Despite the similar spectral types of the two components, we are able to find signatures from each of the components in the combined spectrum, which allows us to estimate the parameters of both stars. We derive log(L∕L⊙) = 6.15, Teff = 52 kK, and log Ṁ = −4.7 [M⊙ yr−1] for the primary Aa, and log(L∕L⊙) = 5.58, Teff = 45 kK, and log Ṁ = −5.8 [M⊙yr−1] for the secondary Ab.
Conclusions. Even when accounting for the binary nature, the primary of HD 93129A is found to be one of the hottest and most luminous O stars in our Galaxy. Based on the theoretical decomposition of the spectra, we assign spectral types O2 If* and O3 III(f*) to components Aa and Ab, respectively. While we achieve a good fit for a wide spectral range, specific spectral features are not fully reproduced. The data are not sufficient to identify contributions from a hypothetical third component in the system.
Gesundheitsökonomische Effekte der Rehabilitation bei chronischem Rückenschmerz – Eine Beobachtungsstudie mittels kombinierten Sekundärdaten einer gesetzlichen Krankenkasse und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Krischak Gert , Tepohl Lena , Dannenmaier Julia , Hartschuh Ulrich , Auer Ramona , Kaluscha Rainer 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Chronischer Rückenschmerz ist die häufigste Indikation der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Zahlreiche Vorher-Nachher-Vergleiche belegen positive Effekte dieser Rehabilitation auf den Gesundheitszustand. Allerdings fehlt der Nachweis der absoluten Wirksamkeit, da eine valide Vergleichsgruppe bisher nicht identifiziert werden konnte.
Methodik Mithilfe eines verknüpften Routinedatensatzes der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund und Baden-Württemberg sowie der AOK Baden-Württemberg wurde eine Vergleichsgruppe definiert, die aufgrund ihrer Patientenkarriere mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit einen Reha-Bedarf hat, die jedoch aus unklaren Gründen keinen Rehabilitationsantrag stellte. Zur Untersuchung des Nutzens wurden direkte und indirekte Kosten mit und ohne Rehabilitation verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die direkten Kosten der Rehabilitation betrugen 2472 €, hinzu kamen indirekte Kosten in Höhe von 2597 €. Rehabilitanden nahmen in den beiden Folgejahren der Rehabilitation weniger akutstationäre Leistungen in Anspruch und verursachten geringere, indirekte Kosten durch Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Der Nutzen einer Rehabilitation im Vergleich zur Gruppe ohne Rehabilitation betrug im ersten Jahr 727 € pro Fall und zusätzliche 37 € im zweiten Folgejahr.
Schlussfolgerung Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei chronischen Erkrankungen tragen zum Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit bei. Durch die positiven Effekte der Rehabilitation sinken die AU-Dauer und die Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitssystems, wodurch direkte und indirekte Krankheitskosten reduziert werden. Weitere ökonomische Effekte auf die möglicherweise vermiedene bzw. verzögerte Berentung durch die Rehabilitation sind hier noch nicht erfasst.
Verrenkungen, Verstauchungen – bewährte Indikationen
Authors: Bleul Gerhard 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungHomöopathische Differenzialdiagnose von Verrenkungen und Verstauchungen. Schnelle Mittelwahl aufgrund der Lokalisation (verletztes Gewebe), der Modalitäten und eventuell vorhandener psychischer Symptome.
Epidemiologische Entwicklung der außerklinischen Beatmung: Eine rasant zunehmende Herausforderung für die ambulante und stationäre Patientenversorgung
Authors: Karagiannidis Christian , Strassmann Stephan , Callegari Jens , Kochanek Matthias , Janssens Uwe , Windisch Wolfram 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die außerklinische Beatmung erfährt in Deutschland eine rasante Entwicklung. Patienten mit chronischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz werden in deutlich zunehmender Zahl nichtinvasiv oder invasiv in einem häuslichen Setting beatmet. Diese Patienten müssen im Rahmen von Kontrolluntersuchungen oder Akut-Problemen immer wieder stationär behandelt werden. Die für die Steuerung des Gesundheitswesens wichtige Entwicklung der stationären Behandlungsfälle ist bislang ebenso unbekannt wie die Morbidität und Krankenhaussterblichkeit der häuslich beatmeten Patienten.
Methode Von 2006 – 2016 wurden alle stationären Aufnahmen analysiert, bei denen eine Langzeit-Abhängigkeit vom Respirator (mindestens 3 Monate) bestand (Daten des Deutschen Statistischen Bundesamtes).
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine exponentielle Zunahme von stationären Behandlungsfällen, wobei 2006 noch 24 845 Patienten stationär behandelt werden mussten, im Jahr 2016 hingegen 86 117 Patienten. Im gleichen Zeitraum zeigte sich eine Abnahme der Krankenhaussterblichkeit von 13,2 % (2006) auf 5,7 % (2016). Im Jahr 2016 wurden zudem 47 % der Patienten auf einer Intensiv-, Weaning- oder Überwachungsstation behandelt. Es bestand eine Vielzahl von internistischen und neurologischen Komorbiditäten, welche in Verbindung mit der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz die große Patientenkohorte als schwer krankes Patientenkollektiv charakterisierte. Führende Diagnosen waren die COPD mit 58 % und eine Vielzahl kardiologischer Diagnosen. Auffällig viele Patienten (24 %) zeigten eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion bis hin zur Dialysepflichtigkeit.
Diskussion Die rasante Zunahme der außerklinischen Beatmung hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Krankenhauslandschaft in Deutschland. Der exponentielle Anstieg der sehr pflegeintensiven Patienten stellt das Gesundheitssystem vor extreme Herausforderungen und erfordert eine gesundheitspolitische Diskussion über die Grenzen des Systems.
European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Policy Document Development Strategy – Clinical Practice Guidelines, Position Statements and Technological Reviews
Authors: Jenssen Christian , Gilja Odd , Serra Andreas , Piscaglia Fabio , Dietrich Christoph , Rudd Lynne , Sidhu Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis document summarizes principles and methodology to guide the creation of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Position Statements und Technological Reviews of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). The purpose of EFSUMB Clinical Practice Guidelines is to provide physicians and sonographers performing or requesting diagnostic and interventional ultrasound examinations with evidence-based recommendations. Position Statements summarize EFSUMB opinions on important current issues in clinical applications, education and training of ultrasound techniques or health care policy related to ultrasound-based imaging and ultrasound-guided interventions. The third type of EFSUMB policy document is the Technological Review, which describes ultrasound techniques and technologies for physicians, medical technicians, engineers and physicists developing ultrasound technology. The whole process of development of EFSUMB policy documents is explained beginning with the decision regarding topics, selection of authors, funding, and planning of the developmental process. Further steps described in this document are the review of the evidence, creation of recommendations, statements and comments, grading of level of evidence and strength of recommendations, and consensus process. Finally, rules for the creation, review, approval, publication and update of EFSUMB policy documents are described.
An Assessment of a Public Health Initiative of Homeopathy for Primary Teething
Authors: Taneja Divya , Khurana Anil , Vichitra Anil , Sarkar Sarabjit , Gupta Arun , Mittal Renu , Bawaskar Ramesh , Sahoo Amulya , Prusty Umakanta , Singh Shweta , Sharma Meera , Pant Richa , Singh Udaiveer , Upadhyay Alok , Sehegal Shruti , Patnaik Satyashree , Nath Tapan , Manchanda Raj 
Published: November 2018

Background During primary teething, children suffer from running nose, mild fever, diarrhoea and other mild irritations and inflammations. A public health programme, ‘Homoeopathy for the Healthy Child’, was undertaken on a pilot basis focusing on promotion of healthy teething by provision of home-based care through six pre-identified homeopathic medicines for complaints commonly observed during primary teething. This article assesses the feasibility of this programme and reports the impact of this initiative on teething profile in children and episodes of diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).
Materials and Methods Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were trained in child care and usage of a kit comprising six medicines, namely Calcarea phosphoricum 6X (CP), Ferrum phosphoricum 3X, Magnesium phosphoricum 6X, Belladonna 30C, Chamomilla 30C and Podophyllum 30C. Calcarea phosphoricum was given regularly to each participating child from 6 months to 1 year of age. Home-based care for diarrhoea, URTI and mild fever was provided by ASHAs using the other five medicines in the kit. Dentition pattern and diarrhoea/URTI episodes were recorded over a period of the next 12 months.
Results Eleven thousand four-hundred and twenty-six children were followed up regularly. Amongst those who enrolled at 6-7 months, a larger proportion of children were approaching expected teething in successive months as compared with children enrolled at 12 months, thus indicating that teething delays, if any, were overcome during this period. Incidence of diarrhoea and URTI showed decrease in the months after enrolment. Children responded favourably to the medicines given by ASHAs at the time of diarrhoea/URTI episodes, and ASHAs expressed satisfaction with the programme.
Conclusion An approach with regular use of CP and home-based care with homeopathy through health workers for common problems in teething children is acceptable to the community and enhances outreach of services to the public at large. Observations in terms of the healthy teething period may be further validated through studies of homeopathy with suitable comparator group.
Resection of a Dumbbell Skull Base Meningioma by a Combined Two-Staged Retrosigmoid and Transzygomatic Transcavernous Approach
Authors: Campero Álvaro , Tovar Leoncio , Ajler Pablo 
Published: November 2018

This case describes a 32-year-old male with 2 months of headache accompanied with slight right-hand hemiparesis. During a physical examination, he was also detected left facial hypoesthesia. An enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large size lesion on the region of the left cerebellopontine angle, with large displacement of the brainstem and cerebellum. The tumor extended to the cavum of Meckel, displacing and pushing the left cavernous sinus upward. After analyzing the anatomical characteristics of the tumor, surgery was decided in two steps. Since the symptoms were mostly produced by the tumor part located in the posterior fossa, a decision was made to first resect that part of the tumor. With the patient in a semisitting position, we performed a left retrosigmoid craniotomy, exposing the transverse and sigmoid sinus edges. Using microsurgical technique, and ultrasonic aspirator, the complete removal of the lesion located in the posterior fossa was achieved. The patient presented a very good postoperative period, without a new neurological deficit. A month after the surgery, the patient no longer suffered from headaches or hemiparesis, but continued the left facial hypoesthesia. The pathology reported clear cell meningioma. Another month later, a transcygomatic approach plus peeling of the cavernous sinus was performed with the patient in the supine position and head rotated to the right side. Spinal drainage was previously placed. The total resection of the tumor was achieved without any surgical complication. The patient presented an excellent postoperative condition without new neurological deficit. The pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of clear cell meningioma.The link to the Video can be found at: https://youtu.be/SmRy5HiJYJI.
The Natural History of Facial Schwannomas: A Meta-Analysis of Case Series
Authors: Bartindale Matthew , Heiferman Jeffrey , Joyce Cara , Balasubramanian Neelam , Anderson Douglas , Leonetti John 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective This study is to establish predictors of facial paralysis and auditory morbidity secondary to facial schwannomas by assimilating individualized patient data from the literature.
Design A systematic review of the literature was conducted for studies regarding facial schwannomas. Studies were only included if they presented patient level data, House–Brackmann grades, and tumor location by facial nerve segment. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalized linear mixed models.
Main Outcome Measures Facial weakness and hearing loss.
Results Data from 504 patients were collected from 32 studies. The geniculate ganglion was the most common facial nerve segment involved (39.3%). A greater number of facial nerve segments involved was positively associated with both facial weakness and hearing loss, whereas tumor diameter did not correlate with either morbidity. Intratemporal involvement was associated with higher odds of facial weakness (OR = 4.78, p < 0.001), intradural involvement was negatively associated with facial weakness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.004), and extratemporal involvement was not a predictor of facial weakness (OR = 0.68, p = 0.27). The odds of hearing loss increased with more proximal location of the tumor (intradural: OR = 3.26, p < 0.001; intratemporal: OR = 0.60, p = 0.14; extratemporal: OR = 0.27, p = 0.01).
Conclusion The most important factors associated with facial weakness and hearing loss are tumor location and the number of facial nerve segments involved. An understanding of the factors that contribute most heavily to the natural morbidity can help guide the appropriate timing and type of intervention in future cases of facial schwannoma.
Bromocriptine Use in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Review of Cases
Authors: Simon Rebecca , Yang Sophia , Hameed Afshan 
Published: November 2018

Objective This study is to review published cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) treated with bromocriptine and outline pros and cons of the treatment strategy.
Data Sources Data were collected from PubMed/MedLine, ClinicalTrials.gov; the years 2007 to 2018 were searched for English-language articles. Search terms: “bromocriptine and peripartum cardiomyopathy”, “bromocriptine and cardiomyopathy.”
Methods of Study Selection This search strategy yielded 171 articles. After excluding duplicates, 86 studies were reviewed. Sixty-one articles involving the treatment of PPCMP were included, and of these, 17 were case reports of patients with PPCMP treated with bromocriptine; these studies were included in this review.
Tabulation, Integration, and Results Seventeen of these articles were case reports of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy treated with bromocriptine that were included.
Conclusion Bromocriptine seems to be a promising treatment, there is currently insufficient evidence for universal utilization of bromocriptine for all patients with PPCMP. Addition of bromocriptine to the standard heart failure therapy should be individualized.
Visualizing atomic sizes and molecular shapes with the classical turning surface of the Kohn–Sham potential
Authors: Ospadov Egor , Tao Jianmin , Staroverov Viktor N. , Perdew John P. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Can quantum mechanics predict a well-defined and chemically intuitive size and shape for an atom or a molecule? We show that the bounding surface of a chemical species can be naturally defined as the classical turning surface of the Kohn–Sham potential—an effective potential that, acting on noninteracting electrons, yields the ground-state density of the real system. The atomic and ionic radii defined in this manner display all expected periodic trends, while the ratio of a bond length to the sum of atomic or ionic radii identifies the type of the bond (covalent, ionic, hydrogen, or van der Waals). The proposed approach permits a visual representation of chemical species that is intuitive and quantum-mechanically rigorous at the same time.
Novel roles of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in regulating fetal growth†
Authors: Gupta Madhulika B , Jansson Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling functions as a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy, and stress signals. Mechanistic TOR is therefore critical for the growth of most fetal organs, and global mTOR deletion is embryonic lethal. This review discusses emerging evidence suggesting that mTOR signaling also has a role as a critical hub in the overall homeostatic control of fetal growth, adjusting the fetal growth trajectory according to the ability of the maternal supply line to support fetal growth. In the fetus, liver mTOR governs the secretion and phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) thereby controlling the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), which function as important growth hormones during fetal life. In the placenta, mTOR responds to a large number of growth-related signals, including amino acids, glucose, oxygen, folate, and growth factors, to regulate trophoblast mitochondrial respiration, nutrient transport, and protein synthesis, thereby influencing fetal growth. In the maternal compartment, mTOR is an integral part of a decidual nutrient sensor which links oxygen and nutrient availability to the phosphorylation of IGFBP-1 with preferential effects on the bioavailability of IGF-I in the maternal–fetal interface and in the maternal circulation. These new roles of mTOR signaling in the regulation fetal growth will help us better understand the molecular underpinnings of abnormal fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction and fetal overgrowth, and may represent novel avenues for diagnostics and intervention in important pregnancy complications.
erbb4 Deficits in Chandelier Cells of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Confer Cognitive Dysfunctions: Implications for Schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Jian-Ming , Shen Chen-Jie , Chen Xiao-Juan , Kong Ying , Liu Yi-Si , Li Xiao-Wen , Chen Zhong , Gao Tian-Ming , Li Xiao-Ming 
Published: November 2018

Abstracterbb4 is a known susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Chandelier cells (ChCs, also known as axo-axonic cells) are a distinct GABAergic interneuron subtype that exclusively target the axonal initial segment, which is the site of pyramidal neuron action potential initiation. ChCs are a source of ErbB4 expression and alterations in ChC-pyramidal neuron connectivity occur in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of schizophrenic patients and animal models of schizophrenia. However, the contribution of ErbB4 in mPFC ChCs to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remains unknown. By conditional deletion or knockdown of ErbB4 from mPFC ChCs, we demonstrated that ErbB4 deficits led to impaired ChC-pyramidal neuron connections and cognitive dysfunctions. Furthermore, the cognitive dysfunctions were normalized by L-838417, an agonist of GABAAα2 receptors enriched in the axonal initial segment. Given that cognitive dysfunctions are a core symptom of schizophrenia, our results may provide a new perspective for understanding the etiology of schizophrenia and suggest that GABAAα2 receptors may be potential pharmacological targets for its treatment.
Family History, Reproductive, and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Fibroadenoma and Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Jingmei , Humphreys Keith , Ho Peh Joo , Eriksson Mikael , Darai-Ramqvist Eva , Lindström Linda Sofie , Hall Per , Czene Kamila 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
To understand which breast cancer (BC) risk factors also increase the risk of fibroadenoma and investigate whether these factors have the same effect in BC patients with previous fibroadenoma.

Methods
Using multistate survival analysis on a large dataset (n = 58 322), we examined the effects of BC risk factors on transitions between three states: event-free, biopsy-confirmed fibroadenoma, and BC. Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals associated with covariate effects were estimated. Median follow-up time was 25.3 years.

Results
The mean ages at diagnosis of fibroadenoma and BC were 42.6 and 48.3 years, respectively. Participant characteristics known to increase the risk of BC were found to increase the risk of fibroadenoma (family history of BC and higher education). Participant characteristics known to confer protective effects for BC (older age at menarche, more children, and larger childhood body size) were found to reduce fibroadenoma risk. The effect sizes associated with the direct transitions from event-free to fibroadenoma and BC were generally not different for the covariates tested. Age at fibroadenoma diagnosis was associated with the transition from fibroadenoma to BC (hazard ratioper year increase = 1.07 [95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 1.12]).

Conclusion
We showed that biopsy-confirmed fibroadenomas shared many risk factors with BC. More work is needed to understand the relationships between fibroadenoma and BC to identify women who are at high risk of developing BC after a fibroadenoma diagnosis.