bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Life-course Approach in Assessment of Dental Health: A Cross Sectional Study among Finnish and Turkish Pre-adolescents
Authors: Cinar Ayse Basak , Murtomaa Heikki , Tseveenjav Battsetseg 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: Interest is growing on conceptualizing dental disease aetiology under the life-course approach. The aim of this study was to assess the association of dental caries experience with the major components of life-course approach, health- and behavioral capital, among Turkish and Finnish pre-adolescents, with different family-related characteristics, as this association has not been explored yet.Methods: A cross-sectional study of Finnish (n=338) and Turkish (n=611) pre-adolescents was undertaken with questionnaires and oral health data.Results: Turkish pre-adolescents, more dentally diseased (84%) than the Finnish (33%) (P<.01), had lower means of health (body height-weight) and behavioural (self-esteem, tooth-brushing self-efficacy) capital, (P<.01). Finnish pre-adolescents were less likely to live in two-parent families (P=.001) and spent less time with their mothers (P<.05). Turkish pre-adolescents with high levels of self-esteem were more likely to spend time with their mothers and less likely to live in families with three or more children (28%) than were their counterparts with low levels of self-esteem (41%). Such associations were not evident among Finnish pre-adolescents (P>.05). Health capital, in terms of body height, and family-related characteristics in differing patterns, contributed to DMFT, in common, among Turkish and Finnish pre-adolescents. Self-esteem, behavioural capital was explanatory variable for DMFT only for the Turks.Conclusions: Dental health of pre-adolescents was associated with health- and behavioural capital in different pathways under the influence of family-related characteristics. The cooperation of paediatricians and dentists is vital in assessment of general and dental health in a holistic context throughout the life-course, to enhance the well-being of pre-adolescents. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:153-160)
Looking for the North American Invasion in Mexico City
Authors: Connors Thomas G. , Muñoz Raúl Isaí 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
At a time when Latinxs play an increasingly important role in U.S. society, a group of teachers seek out places in Mexico City connected to the U.S. Invasion of 1847–1848, hoping to understand how it is remembered there today. Museums and memorials commemorate the sacrifices made by a wronged nation and honor the legendary figures who have come to dominate its popular narrative of the war, Los Niños Héroes and the San Patricios. By contrast, the historic landscape is nearly silent on Santa Anna and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Back home, the group incorporates the places they visited into their classrooms through images and stories. Finally, they consider how the war’s place in the teaching of Texas and U.S. history is changing and offer Elliott West’s Greater Reconstruction thesis as a framework for reimagining the nation’s history by focusing on how the expansion of this period affected the peoples over whom the border crossed and reoriented national attention toward Latin America and the Pacific. Throughout the essay, a Mexican American reflects on his first encounter with the capital of his ancestral homeland.
The Current Status of Devices for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Kunz Michael , Lauder Lucas , Ewen Sebastian , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Arterial hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although blood pressure-lowering therapies significantly reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, blood pressure control remains unsatisfactorily low. Several device-based antihypertensive therapies have been investigated in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension and in patients unable or unwilling to adhere to antihypertensive medication. As the field of device-based therapies is subject to constant change, this review aims at providing an up-to-date overview of different device-based approaches for the treatment of hypertension. These approaches target the sympathetic nervous system (renal denervation, baroreflex amplification therapy, baroreflex activation therapy, and carotid body ablation) or alter mechanical arterial properties by creating an iliac arteriovenous fistula. Notably, the use of all of these treatment options is not recommended for the routine treatment of hypertension by current guidelines but should be investigated in the context of controlled clinical studies.
Commentary: It’s the economy, stupid: On the Costs of Marginalizing the Aesthetic
Authors: Finch Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis essay is a response to the pieces collected for the special issue of American Literary History on economics and literature, with a particular focus on those dealing with the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It makes two related arguments: first, that studies of the North American economy must center analyses of racial capitalism and settler colonialism as an inherent part of their work and not as an optional add-on. Secondly, I argue that the field of economics and literature loses much of its anti-capitalist potential when it allows the parameters of the debate to be set by the economy; that is, taking the terms of analysis, the texts for analysis, the methods of analysis, and suppositions about who can be read as an economic actor and what is an economic action from how they are defined by the economy precludes a disruption of these premises. I conclude by arguing for the importance of the aesthetic for reimaging the terms of the debate and offering a brief biography of writing on racial capitalism and settler colonialism that is already doing this work.
Malpractice Litigation in Plastic Surgery: Can We Identify Patterns?
Authors: Sarmiento Samuel , Wen Charles , Cheah Michael A , Lee Stacey , Rosson Gedge D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Malpractice litigation has a significant impact on healthcare costs and important professional implications for healthcare providers.

Objectives
The authors sought to comprehensively characterize the litigation landscape in plastic surgery across its different subspecialties.

Methods
The authors utilized the Westlaw legal database to conduct a comprehensive search of malpractice cases in the United States in the following categories: cosmetic, reconstructive, hand, craniofacial, and gender affirmation surgery. They conducted both a Boolean and a natural language search to identify cases in which a plastic surgeon was the defendant. Data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and relative risk calculations.

Results
In total, 165 cases were included. Most surgeons accused of malpractice worked in a private setting (148 [90%]). Among the 22 (13%) cases that contained information on board certification status, most surgeons were board certified (17 [77%]). Resident involvement was mentioned in only 5 (3%) cases. The majority of cases were successfully defended by surgeons (98 [60%] vs 65 [40%]), particularly in craniofacial surgery (risk ratio: 1.54; P = 0.03; 95% CI: 1.03-2.3). Surgeons who successfully defended a case were more likely to benefit from summary judgment (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Malpractice litigation is commonplace in medical practice, and no specialty is spared. Legal outcomes were in favor of plastic surgeons in the majority of cases, particularly those that proceeded to summary judgment. Surgeons can avoid litigation by maintaining detailed office and surgical notes, always obtaining informed consent, adequately following and monitoring patients after surgery, and ensuring compliance by communicating frequently and effectively.
Proteome-level assessment of origin, prevalence and function of leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motifs
Authors: Alam Tanvir , Alazmi Meshari , Naser Rayan , Huser Franceline , Momin Afaque A , Astro Veronica , Hong SeungBeom , Walkiewicz Katarzyna W , Canlas Christian G , Huser Raphaël , Ali Amal J , Merzaban Jasmeen , Adamo Antonio , Jaremko Mariusz , Jaremko Łukasz , Bajic Vladimir B , Gao Xin , Arold Stefan T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motifs are short linear interaction motifs (SLiMs) that link paxillin family proteins to factors controlling cell adhesion, motility and survival. The existence and importance of LD motifs beyond the paxillin family is poorly understood.

Results
To enable a proteome-wide assessment of LD motifs, we developed an active learning based framework (LD motif finder; LDMF) that iteratively integrates computational predictions with experimental validation. Our analysis of the human proteome revealed a dozen new proteins containing LD motifs. We found that LD motif signalling evolved in unicellular eukaryotes more than 800 Myr ago, with paxillin and vinculin as core constituents, and nuclear export signal as a likely source of de novo LD motifs. We show that LD motif proteins form a functionally homogenous group, all being involved in cell morphogenesis and adhesion. This functional focus is recapitulated in cells by GFP-fused LD motifs, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the LD motif sequence, possibly through their effect on binding partners. Our approach elucidated the origin and dynamic adaptations of an ancestral SLiM, and can serve as a guide for the identification of other SLiMs for which only few representatives are known.

Availability and implementation
LDMF is freely available online at www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/ldmf; Source code is available at https://github.com/tanviralambd/LD/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Thermodynamically consistent estimation of Gibbs free energy from data: data reconciliation approach
Authors: Salike Saman , Bhatt Nirav 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Thermodynamic analysis of biological reaction networks requires the availability of accurate and consistent values of Gibbs free energies of reaction and formation. These Gibbs energies can be measured directly via the careful design of experiments or can be computed from the curated Gibbs free energy databases. However, the computed Gibbs free energies of reactions and formations do not satisfy the thermodynamic constraints due to the compounding effect of measurement errors in the experimental data. The propagation of these errors can lead to a false prediction of pathway feasibility and uncertainty in the estimation of thermodynamic parameters.

Results
This work proposes a data reconciliation framework for thermodynamically consistent estimation of Gibbs free energies of reaction, formation and group contributions from experimental data. In this framework, we formulate constrained optimization problems that reduce measurement errors and their effects on the estimation of Gibbs energies such that the thermodynamic constraints are satisfied. When a subset of Gibbs free energies of formations is unavailable, it is shown that the accuracy of their resulting estimates is better than that of existing empirical prediction methods. Moreover, we also show that the estimation of group contributions can be improved using this approach. Further, we provide guidelines based on this approach for performing systematic experiments to estimate unknown Gibbs formation energies.

Availability and implementation
The MATLAB code for the executing the proposed algorithm is available for free on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/samansalike/DR-thermo.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fast and flexible coarse-grained prediction of protein folding routes using ensemble modeling and evolutionary sequence variation
Authors: Becerra David , Butyaev Alexander , Waldispühl Jérôme 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Protein folding is a dynamic process through which polypeptide chains reach their native 3D structures. Although the importance of this mechanism is widely acknowledged, very few high-throughput computational methods have been developed to study it.

Results
In this paper, we report a computational platform named P3Fold that combines statistical and evolutionary information for predicting and analyzing protein folding routes. P3Fold uses coarse-grained modeling and efficient combinatorial schemes to predict residue contacts and evaluate the folding routes of a protein sequence within minutes or hours. To facilitate access to this technology, we devise graphical representations and implement an interactive web interface that allows end-users to leverage P3Fold predictions. Finally, we use P3Fold to conduct large and short scale experiments on the human proteome that reveal the broad conservation and variations of structural intermediates within protein families.

Availability and implementation
A Web server of P3Fold is freely available at http://csb.cs.mcgill.ca/P3Fold.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clonal evolution of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from normal mucosa to primary tumor and metastases
Authors: Yuan Wenqing , Liu Zhen , Wang Yu , Liu Mengfei , Pan Yaqi , Lei Wanjun , Yang Haijun , Xu Ruiping , Zhang Lixin , Cai Hong , Li Jun , Ke Yang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The clonal evolution which drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from initiation in normal cell to primary carcinoma and metastases is poorly understood. In this study, multi-region whole-exome sequencing (WES) (284X) and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping were performed on a total of 109 samples of ESCC from 10 patients. This included 42 apparently normal samples of esophageal mucosa at increasing distances from the upper or lower boundaries of the primary tumor to the surgical margins of resection, 43 spatially separated tissue samples within primary tumor and 24 regional lymph node metastases. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to reconstruct ancestor–descendant relationships of clones and the clonal composition of multi-region samples. Mutations of cancer-related genes were validated by deep targeted sequencing (1,168X). Both inter- and intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity were obvious across multi-region samples among ESCC patients. Clones varying in number from one to seven were discovered within each regional tumor or metastatic sample. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated complex clonal evolution patterns. Regional lymph node metastases had characteristics of early initiation and polyclonal spreading, and could be derived from carcinoma in situ (CIS) directly. TP53 was the only gene harboring non-silent mutations identified across all multi-region tumor samples of all ten patients. Mutations of TP53 were also found in histologically normal mucosa in sites away from primary tumor.
Modification of Blood Test Draw Order to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zimmerman Frederic S , Karameh Hani , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Zalut Todd , Assous Marc , Levin Phillip D 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBlood culture contamination leads to unnecessary interventions and costs. It may be caused by bacteria in deep skin structures unsusceptible to surface decontamination. This study was designed to test whether diversion of blood obtained at venipuncture into a lithium heparin tube prior to aspiration of blood culture reduces contamination.MethodsThe order of blood draws for biochemistry and blood cultures was randomized. Following standard disinfection and venipuncture, blood was either aspirated into a sterile lithium heparin tube before blood culture bottles (diversion group) or blood cultures first and then lithium heparin tube (control group). All study personnel were blinded with the exception of the phlebotomist.ResultsAfter exclusions, 970 blood culture/biochemistry sets were analyzed. Contamination occurred in 24 of 480 (5.0%) control vs 10 of 490 (2.0%) diversion group cultures (P = .01). True pathogens were identified in 26 of 480 (5.4%) control vs 18 of 490 (3.7%) diversion cultures (P = .22). Despite randomization, demographic differences were apparent between the 2 groups. A post hoc analysis of 637 cultures from 610 medical patients admitted from home neutralized demographic differences. Culture contamination remained more frequent in the control vs diversion group (17/312 [5%] vs 7/325 [2%]; P = .03). Fewer diversion group patients were admitted to hospital (control: 200/299 [66.9%] vs diversion: 182/311 [58.5%]; P = .03), and length of stay was shorter (control: 30 hours [interquartile range {IQR}, 6–122] vs diversion: 22 [IQR, 5–97]; P = .02).ConclusionsUse of lithium heparin tubes for diversion prior to obtaining blood cultures led to a 60% decrease in contamination. This technique is easy and inexpensive and might decrease overall hospital length of stay.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT03966534.
Anatomical and functional coronary imaging to predict long-term outcome in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: the EVINCI-outcome study
Authors: Neglia Danilo , Liga Riccardo , Caselli Chiara , Carpeggiani Clara , Lorenzoni Valentina , Sicari Rosa , Lombardi Massimo , Gaemperli Oliver , Kaufmann Philipp A , Scholte Arthur J H A , Underwood S Richard , Knuuti Juhani ,   for the EVINCI Study Investigators
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the prognostic relevance of coronary anatomy, coronary function, and early revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
From March 2009 to June 2012, 430 patients with suspected CAD (61 ± 9 years, 62% men) underwent coronary anatomical imaging by computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and coronary functional imaging followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) if at least one non-invasive test was abnormal. Obstructive CAD was documented by ICA in 119 patients and 90 were revascularized within 90 days of enrolment. Core laboratory analysis showed that 134 patients had obstructive CAD by CTCA (&gt;50% stenosis in major coronary vessels) and 79 significant ischaemia by functional imaging [&gt;10% left ventricular (LV) myocardium]. Over mean follow-up of 4.4 years, major adverse events (AEs) (all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or hospital admission for unstable angina or heart failure) or AEs plus late revascularization (LR) occurred in 40 (9.3%) and 58 (13.5%) patients, respectively. Obstructive CAD at CTCA was the only independent imaging predictor of AEs [hazard ratio (HR) 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–9.30; P = 0.033] and AEs plus LR (HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.56–11.81; P = 0.005). Patients with CAD in whom early revascularization was performed in the presence of ischaemia and deferred in its absence had fewer AEs, similar to patients without CAD (HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.71–5.51; P = 0.195).

Conclusion
Obstructive CAD imaged by CTCA is an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Early management of CAD targeted to the combined anatomical and functional disease phenotype improves clinical outcome.
Disturbed ventricular-arterial coupling and increased left atrial stiffness in a patient with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and hyperaldosteronism: a case report
Authors: Meyhöfer Svenja , Schmid Sebastian M , Hohl Mathias , Reil Jan-Christian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Aldosterone is involved in almost all parts of the cardiovascular system. Hyperaldosteronism causes arterial hypertension and might predispose to stroke, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.

Case summary
A 60-year-old obese woman with long-standing hypertension, hypokalaemia, and shortness of breath was admitted to our hospital. Hypertension was caused by primary hyperaldosteronism due to an adenoma of the adrenal gland. Detailed transthoracic echocardiography revealed diastolic dysfunction, disturbed ventricular–arterial interaction, and atrial compliance resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Three months of aldosterone antagonist treatment improved ventricular–arterial coupling, while left ventricular diastolic and atrial dysfunction remained unchanged.

Discussion
Presumably, hyperaldosteronism is the reason for HFPEF in this case. Standard criteria to diagnose HFPEF include clinical symptoms of heart failure and an ejection fraction (EF) &gt;50% as well as echocardiographically or invasively assessed elevated filling pressures. Single beat pressure-volume analysis gives insights on the pathophysiology of increased filling pressures, showing in our case diastolic dysfunction as well as disturbed ventricular–arterial interaction. Three months of aldosterone antagonist treatment reduced blood pressure with concomitant improvement of ventricular–arterial interaction, thereby reducing stroke work while stroke volume remained nearly unchanged. Diastolic dysfunction and increased atrial stiffness were unaltered.
Do patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest present to the ambulance service with symptoms in the preceding 48 h?
Authors: Deakin Charles D , Quartermain Albert , Ellery Jacob 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
In-hospital cardiac arrests are often preceded by a period of physiological deterioration that has often gone unnoticed. We proposed that the same might be true for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) where ambulance crews leave patients at home who then subsequently go on to suffer a cardiac arrest.

Methods and results
We identified all OHCA over a 12-month period that had been seen and assessed by an ambulance crew within the 48 h preceding their cardiac arrest. We retrospectively calculated the patient’s NEWS2 score at the time of their initial assessment as a marker of their physiological status and need for hospital admission. Of 1960 OHCA patients, 184 (9.4%) had been assessed by ambulance crews within the preceding 48 h. Excluding those who had been taken to hospital (and then discharged), declined hospital conveyance or were on end-of-life care pathways, 79 (56% of total) were left at home through crew discretion. Thirty-four out of 79 (43%) patients not conveyed had either a NEWS score of 3 in a single parameter or a score of ≥5, which in hospital would mandate an urgent medical review. The most overlooked observation was respiratory rate.

Conclusions
In total, 1.7% of all OHCA had been assessed in the previous 48 h and inappropriately left at home by ambulance crews. This represents a missed opportunity to avert cardiac arrest. NEWS scoring has the potential to improve pre-hospital triage of these patients and avoid missing the deteriorating patient.