bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of extracting indices from large‐scale acoustic recordings to monitor biodiversity
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , McKenna Megan F. , Clapp Mary , Meyer Erik , Stabenau Erik , Angeloni Lisa M , Crooks Kevin , Wittemyer George 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring could be a powerful way to assess biodiversity across large spatial and temporal scales. However, extracting meaningful information from recordings can be prohibitively time consuming. Acoustic indices (i.e., a mathematical summary of acoustic energy) offer a relatively rapid method for processing acoustic data and are increasingly used to characterize biological communities. We examined the relationship between acoustic indices and the diversity and abundance of biological sounds in recordings. We reviewed the acoustic‐index literature and found that over 60 indices have been applied to a range of objectives with varying success. We used 36 of the most indicative indices to develop a predictive model of the diversity of animal sounds in recordings. Acoustic data were collected at 43 sites in temperate terrestrial and tropical marine habitats across the continental United States. For terrestrial recordings, random‐forest models with a suite of acoustic indices as covariates predicted Shannon diversity, richness, and total number of biological sounds with high accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.94, mean squared error [MSE] ≤170.2). Among the indices assessed, roughness, acoustic activity, and acoustic richness contributed most to the predictive ability of models. Performance of index models was negatively affected by insect, weather, and anthropogenic sounds. For marine recordings, random‐forest models poorly predicted Shannon diversity, richness, and total number of biological sounds (R2 ≤ 0.40, MSE ≥ 195). Our results suggest that using a combination of relevant acoustic indices in a flexible model can accurately predict the diversity of biological sounds in temperate terrestrial acoustic recordings. Thus, acoustic approaches could be an important contribution to biodiversity monitoring in some habitats.
What Are Boards For? Evidence from Closely Held Firms in Colombia
Authors: Villalonga Belén , Trujillo María‐Andrea , Guzmán Alexander , Cáceres Neila 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing a large survey database on the corporate governance practices of privately held Colombian firms, we investigate why firms have boards, and how that choice and the balance of power among the board, controlling shareholders, and minority shareholders affect the trade‐offs between control, liquidity, and growth and, ultimately, firm performance. We find that the probability of having a board increases with the number of shareholders and in family firms. When the preferences of controlling and minority shareholders diverge, as with respect to capital structure and dividend policy, boards support controlling shareholders’ decisions, thereby exacerbating the agency conflict between the two groups of shareholders.
Characterization of a novel allelic variant in HLA‐B*40 lineage, HLA‐B*40:298:02, by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Tian W. , Zhu F. M. , Wang W. Y. , Li L. X. , Cai J. H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA novel allelic variant in HLA‐B*40 lineage, HLA‐B*40:298:02, has been identified in an individual of Han ethnicity afflicted with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China. Following polymerase chain reaction–Sanger sequence‐based typing (PCR–SBT), this new variant was further confirmed by two distinct strategies of cloning and sequencing. HLA‐B*40:298:02 differs from HLA‐B*40:298:01 by a single synonymous cytosine substitution at nucleotide position 26 (T→C) in exon 3, which corresponds to codon 99 of the mature HLA‐B mRNA molecule. This new allele has an estimated frequency of 0.0002, in about 2,500 sequence‐based typed subjects from the same population.
Self‐Selection in Migration Between Developing Countries: The Role of Unobservable Skills of Gauteng's Migrant Population
Authors: Nontenja Nwabisa , Kollamparambil Umakrishnan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the presence of self‐selection among internal and international migrants in Gauteng, South Africa and further disentangles the effects of observed and unobserved characteristics in the self‐selection of migrants by conducting Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition on overall employment and self‐employment outcome variables. Our analysis, based on system‐GMM analysis of pseudo‐panel data, indicates that international migrants experienced markedly higher levels of employment than both locals and internal migrants driven by higher rates of informal and self‐employment. International migrants were also found to outperform their South African‐born counterparts on various variables indicative of well‐being like total household income, per capita household income, higher life satisfaction, and lower debt levels. Even though international migrants did not have higher levels of education, the Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition provided evidence of the positive selection of international migrants to Gauteng, based on unobservable characteristics, to achieve higher levels of employment and self‐employment.
Husbandry and breeding of Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore
Authors: Kumar M. , Lee J. , Cabana F. 
Published: April 2018

The only chloropseids known that are alive today, are the leafbirds. The Greater green leafbird Chloropsis sonnerati is a small‐sized, South East Asian passerine that is being threatened by the songbird trade. At Jurong Bird Park, Singapore, C. sonnerati bred for the first time in January 2017. This article will describe the methods utilized to breed this species successfully, including using a bamboo‐fibre canary nest. Initial observations of nesting Greater green leafbirds in a mixed aviary showed that C. sonnerati were consistently disturbed by the pair of Red crested turaco Tauraco erythrolophus. The turacos were removed from the aviary and this allowed the Greater green leafbirds to build a nest and lay two eggs. Chloropsis sonnerati incubated the eggs for 14 days and the first egg hatched on 1 January 2017. Parents were observed taking good care of the chicks for the first 6 days but one chick was found dead on the ground on day 7. The remaining chick was transferred to the Breeding & Research Centre (BRC) to be hand reared. The C. sonnerati juvenile was observed perching on the nest basket on day 16 and it fledged on day 34. We attribute this successful leafbird breeding to the type of nest, nesting materials, diet and hand‐rearing diet, and the detailed observations and care by the keepers.
Electronic health record reviews to measure diagnostic uncertainty in primary care
Authors: Bhise Viraj , Rajan Suja S. , Sittig Dean F. , Vaghani Viralkumar , Morgan Robert O. , Khanna Arushi , Singh Hardeep 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDiagnostic uncertainty is common in primary care. Because it is challenging to measure, there is inadequate scientific understanding of diagnostic decision‐making during uncertainty. Our objective was to understand how diagnostic uncertainty was documented in the electronic health record (EHR) and explore a strategy to retrospectively identify it using clinician documentation.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to identify documentation language that could identify both direct expression and indirect inference of diagnostic uncertainty and designed an instrument to facilitate record review. Direct expression included clinician's use of question marks, differential diagnoses, symptoms as diagnosis, or vocabulary such as “probably, maybe, likely, unclear or unknown,” while describing the diagnosis. Indirect inference included absence of documented diagnosis at the end of the visit, ordering of multiple consultations or diagnostic tests to resolve diagnostic uncertainty, and use of suspended judgement, test of treatment, and risk‐averse disposition. Two physician‐reviewers independently reviewed notes on a sample of outpatient visits to identify diagnostic uncertainty at the end of the visit. Documented Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9) diagnosis codes and note quality were assessed.ResultsOf 389 patient records reviewed, 218 had evidence of diagnostic activity and were included. In 156 visits (71.6%), reviewers identified clinicians who experienced diagnostic uncertainty with moderate inter‐reviewer agreement (81.7%; Cohen's kappa: 0.609). Most cases (125, 80.1%) showed evidence of both direct expression and indirect inference. Uncertainty was directly expressed in 139 (89.1%) cases, most commonly by using symptoms as diagnosis (98, 62.8%), and inferred in 144 (92.3%). In more than 1/3 of visits (58, 37.2%), diagnostic uncertainty was recorded inappropriately using ICD‐9 codes.ConclusionsWhile current diagnosis coding mechanisms (ICD‐9 and ICD‐10) are unable to capture uncertainty, our study finds that review of EHR documentation can help identify diagnostic uncertainty with moderate reliability. Better measurement and understanding of diagnostic uncertainty could help inform strategies to improve the safety and efficiency of diagnosis.
Application of a reflective microscope objective for multiphoton microscopy
Authors: KABIR MOHAMMAD M. , CHOUBAL AAKASH M. , TOUSSAINT KIMANI C 
Published: April 2018

SummaryReflective objectives (ROs) mitigate chromatic aberration across a broad wavelength range. Yet, a systematic performance characterisation of ROs has not been done. In this paper, we compare the performance of a 0.5 numerical‐aperture (NA) reflective objective (RO) with a 0.55 NA standard glass objective (SO), using two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) and second‐harmonic generation (SHG). For experiments spanning ∼1 octave in the visible and NIR wavelengths, the SO leads to defocusing errors of 25–40% for TPF images of subdiffraction fluorescent beads and 10–12% for SHG images of collagen fibres. The corresponding error for the RO is ∼4% for both imaging modalities. This work emphasises the potential utility of ROs for multimodal multiphoton microscopy applications.
Identification and quantification of blood–brain barrier transporters in isolated rat brain microvessels
Authors: Al Feteisi Hajar , Al‐Majdoub Zubida M. , Achour Brahim , Couto Narciso , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Barber Jill 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis by tightly regulating the exchange of molecules with systemic circulation. It consists primarily of microvascular endothelial cells surrounded by astrocytic endfeet, pericytes, and microglia. Understanding the make‐up of transporters in rat BBB is essential to the translation of pharmacological and toxicological observations into humans. In this study, experimental workflows are presented in which the optimization of (a) isolation of rat brain microvessels (b) enrichment of endothelial cells, and (c) extraction and digestion of proteins were evaluated, followed by identification and quantification of BBB proteins. Optimization of microvessel isolation was indicated by 15‐fold enrichment of endothelial cell marker Glut1 mRNA, whereas markers for other cell types were not enriched. Filter‐aided sample preparation was shown to be superior to in‐solution sample preparation (10251 peptides vs. 7533 peptides). Label‐free proteomics was used to identify nearly 2000 proteins and quantify 1276 proteins in isolated microvessels. A combination of targeted and global proteomics was adopted to measure protein abundance of 6 ATP‐binding cassette and 27 solute carrier transporters. Data analysis using proprietary Progenesis and open access MaxQuant software showed overall agreement; however, Abcb9 and Slc22a8 were quantified only by MaxQuant, whereas Abcc9 and Abcd3 were quantified only by Progenesis. Agreement between targeted and untargeted quantification was demonstrated for Abcb1 (19.7 ± 1.4 vs. 17.8 ± 2.3) and Abcc4 (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4), respectively. Rigorous quantification of BBB proteins, as reported in this study, should assist with translational modeling efforts involving brain disposition of xenobiotics.
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High‐mobility group box 1 in Parkinson's disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches
Authors: Angelopoulou Efthalia , Piperi Christina , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) presents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with largely unknown pathogenesis and inefficient therapeutic management. Accumulating data indicate that neuroinflammation, autophagy impairment, α‐synuclein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to PD onset; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes are still under elucidation. Interestingly, recent evidence has indicated that High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a DNA‐binding protein that can be actively secreted by inflammatory cells and passively released by necrotic cells may play a key role in PD pathogenesis. HMGB1 has been shown to participate in neuroinflammation, modulate autophagy and apoptosis as well as regulate gene transcription. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of HMGB1 with either anti‐HMGB1 antibodies or selective inhibitors, such as glycyrrhizin, has been shown to inhibit neurodegeneration in animal models. This review provides an update of recent data on the emerging role of HMGB1 in PD pathogenesis and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
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Selective Inversion Recovery Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Brain MRI at 7T: Clinical and Postmortem Validation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bagnato Francesca , Hametner Simon , Franco Giulia , Pawate Siddharama , Sriram Subramaniam , Lassmann Hans , Gore John , Smith Seth E. , Dortch Richard 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAn imaging biomarker of myelin integrity is an unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS). Selective inversion recovery (SIR) quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMT) provides assays of myelin content in the human brain. We previously translated the SIR method to 7T and incorporated a rapid turbo field echo (TFE) readout for whole‐brain imaging within clinically acceptable scan times. We herein provide histological validation and test in vivo feasibility and applicability of the SIR‐TFE protocol in MS.METHODSClinical (T1‐ and T2‐weighted) and SIR‐TFE MRI scans were performed at 7T in a postmortem MS brain and MRI data were acquired in 10 MS patients and 14 heathy volunteers in vivo. The following parameters were estimated from SIR data: the macromolecular‐to‐free water pool‐size‐ratio (PSR), the spin‐lattice relaxation rate of water (R1f), and the MT exchange rate (kmf). Differences in SIR parameters across tissue types, eg, white matter lesions (WM‐Ls) and normal appearing WM (NAWM) in patients, and normal white matter (NWM) in heathy volunteers were evaluated. Associations between SIR parameters and disability scores were assessed.RESULTSFor postmortem scans, correspondence was observed between WM‐Ls and NAWM from histology and PSR/R1f values. In vivo differences were detected for PSR, R1f, and kmf between WM‐Ls and NWM (P ≤ .041). Associations were seen between WM‐Ls/ NAWM PSR and disability scores (r ≤ –.671, P ≤ .048).CONCLUSIONSSIR‐qMT at 7T provides sensitive, quantitative measures of myelin integrity for clinical and research applications.
Perception and Expressing Habits of Smiling and Angry Expressions Modulated by Facial Physical Attractiveness in Asian Female Persons
Authors: Song Miao , Shinomori Keizo , Qian Qian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of facial physical attractiveness on perception and expressing habit of smiling and angry expressions. In experiment 1, 20 participants rated 60 photo subjects’ smiling and angry expressions of uncontrolled physical expression configuration. The results showed that for the angry faces, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness in the attractive group were significantly stronger than those in the unattractive group; for the smiling faces, this attractiveness bias was not observed. In experiment 2, using artificial expressions made by an identical expression template, interestingly, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness of the smiling faces in the attractive group were stronger than those in the unattractive group, while the impression strength of anger between the two groups was approximately the same. A comparison of the two observations suggests that facial physical attractiveness can enhance the perceived intensity of a smiling expression but not an angry expression, and that the inconsistencies between the two experiments are due to the difference of expressing habits between unattractive and attractive persons. These results have implications as regards the effect of facial attractiveness on the expressing habits of expression senders and the person’s development of social skills.
Reading Swift's poetry, 1967–2017
Authors: Cook Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis essay surveys major scholarship on Jonathan Swift's poetry published after 1967, the 300th anniversary of his birth up to the 350th, in 2017. What is the current status of Swift as a poet, as distinct from Swift the prose satirist or even Swift the Hibernian Patriot? Is he best placed in separate Irish or English traditions or in both? Was he a mere man of rhymes or an ambitious poet? How have scholars approached his verse? Which works have received the most attention? Which deserve more?
Acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Haffar Samir , Shalimar  , Kaur Ravinder J. , Wang Zhen , Prokop Larry J. , Murad Mohammad H. , Bazerbachi Fateh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsAcute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4 has been rarely described. Because of the presence of a short golden therapeutic window in patients with viral acute liver failure from other causes, it is possible that early recognition and treatment might reduce the morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis of acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4.MethodsTwo reviewers appraised studies after searching multiple databases on June 12th, 2017. Appropriate tests were used to compare hepatitis E virus genotype 3 vs 4, suspected vs confirmed genotypes, hepatitis E virus‐RNA positive vs negative, and to discern important mortality risk factors.ResultsWe identified 65 patients, with median age 58 years (range: 3‐79), and a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The median bilirubin, ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase (expressed by multiplication of the upper limit of normal) levels were 14.8, 45.3, 34.8 and 1.63 respectively. Antihepatitis E virus IgG, antihepatitis E virus IgM and hepatitis E virus‐RNA were positive in 84%, 91% and 86% of patients respectively. The median interval from symptoms onset to acute liver failure was 23 days, and 16 patients underwent liver transplantation. Final outcome was reported in 58 patients and mortality was 46%. Age was a predictor of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis. No important differences were found between patients infected with genotype 3 vs 4, patients with confirmed vs suspected genotypes, or patients with positive vs negative RNA.ConclusionAcute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and 4 is rare, similar between genotypes, occurs commonly in middle‐aged/elderly patients and has a very high mortality. Age is predictive of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis.
Hydrocarbons mediate seed dispersal: a new mechanism of vespicochory
Authors: Chen Gao , Wang Zheng‐Wei , Wen Ping , Wei Wei , Chen Ya , Ai Hui , Sun Wei‐Bang 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Vespicochory, seed dispersal by hornets, is an uncommon seed dispersal pattern in angiosperms. To date, this phenomenon has been recorded in only four families. Because of its rarity, the causes and consequences of vespicochory remain unclear. Hence, this seed dispersal syndrome is often regarded as anecdotal.

Through field investigations, chemical analyses, electrophysiological tests, identification of chemosensory proteins from the antennae of hornets, and behavioral assays, we investigated whether olfactory and/or visual cues of the diaspores of Stemona tuberosa mediate the behavior of the social hornets and maintain their mutualism.

This study demonstrated that the elaiosome of S. tuberosa emits hydrocarbons, which are attractive to hornets. However, these compounds, which induce responses in the antennae of naive hornets, are ubiquitous substances on insect cuticle surfaces. Innate preference and experienced foraging behavior of hornets can increase their seed dispersal efficiency.

This is the first example in which hydrocarbons have been identified as a diaspore odour involved in the attraction of hornets. Given that the ubiquity of hornets, and the communication function of hydrocarbons in insects, we predict that this rare seed dispersal mechanism may be an overlooked mechanism of insect–plant mutualism.
Epigenetically Enhanced PDT Induces Significantly Higher Levels of Multiple Extrinsic Pathway Apoptotic Factors than Standard PDT, Resulting in Greater Extrinsic and Overall Apoptosis of Cutaneous T‐cell Lymphoma
Authors: Salva Katrin A. , Kim Youn H. , Rahbar Ziba , Wood Gary S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAminolevulinate‐based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) selectively eliminates diseased tissues primarily through the induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. ALA‐PDT is a first‐line therapy for actinic keratosis, however, it is less effective for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). We have previously demonstrated that the resistance of CTCL to apoptosis correlates with decreased expression of death receptors such as FAS, and that methotrexate functions as an epigenetic regulator that reestablishes the susceptibility of CTCL to extrinsic pathway apoptosis. We showed previously that MTX augments the effectiveness of PDT by sensitizing cells to apoptosis by induction of apoptotic factors, a process we call “epigenetically enhanced” PDT (ePDT). Here, in CTCL cell lines, leukemic CTCL cells, and normal blood T cells, we analyzed multiple components of the FAS, TRAIL, and TNF families using multispectral imaging of immunostained cytopreparations, a quantitative technique with five‐fold greater sensitivity than standard immunocytology. ePDT induced significantly greater FAS, FASL, TRAIL‐R1 & ‐R2, and TNFα levels than standard PDT. This correlated with significantly greater induction of extrinsic pathway apoptosis and/or overall apoptosis in all CTCL samples. There was no appreciable effect on normal T cells. These data set the stage for clinical trials of ePDT as a novel localized treatment of CTCL.