bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Color Materials Combining Structural, Dye, and Background Colors
Authors: Sakai Miki , Seki Takahiro , Takeoka Yukikazu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman beings have developed many dyes and pigments and use them for printed and display materials to share information. Today's information society is not possible without these color materials. Some living organisms utilize body color for information exchange and protection by skilfully combining dye, structural, and background colors to realize a body color change based on circumstances. In this study, inspired by the extraordinary body color changes of living things, a composite color material combining photochromic dyes, a black substance, a spherical colloidal crystal exhibiting a structural color, and a background color is prepared. In addition to combining a dye color and a structural color that changes upon light irradiation, the contribution of the different effects of the background color on each coloring property allows the construction of a color material that can reversibly change into various colors under different conditions.
Prevention of maternal–fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus after primary maternal infection in the first trimester by biweekly hyperimmunoglobulin administration
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Enders M. , Schampera M. S. , Baeumel E. , Hoopmann M. , Geipel A. , Berg C. , Goelz R. , De Catte L. , Wallwiener D. , Brucker S. , Adler S. P. , Jahn G. , Hamprecht K. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of biweekly hyperimmunoglobulin (HIG) administration to prevent maternal–fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in women with primary first‐trimester CMV infection.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of women with confirmed primary CMV infection in the first trimester who had the first HIG administration at or before 14 weeks' gestation. All women had biweekly HIG treatment until 20 weeks' gestation at a dose of 200 IU/kg of maternal body weight. Each subject underwent amniocentesis at least 6 weeks after first presentation at about 20 weeks. Primary outcome was maternal–fetal transmission at the time of amniocentesis, and secondary outcome was the frequency of congenital CMV infection at birth. The results were compared with a historic cohort of women with first‐trimester CMV infection who did not undergo HIG treatment and who had amniocentesis at about 20 weeks.ResultsSubjects were 40 pregnant women with a primary CMV infection, with a median gestational age at first presentation of 9.6 (range, 5.1–14.3) weeks. On average, HIG administration started at 11.1 weeks and continued until 16.6 weeks. Within this interval, HIG was administered between two and six times in each patient. While CMV immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) monitoring showed periodic fluctuations during biweekly HIG administration cycles, high CMV‐IgG avidity indices remained stable over the whole treatment period. Maternal–fetal transmission before amniocentesis occurred in only one of the 40 cases (2.5% (95% CI, 0–13.2%)). At delivery, two additional subjects were found to have had late‐gestation transmission. Considering all three cases with maternal–fetal transmission, the transmission rate was 7.5% (95% CI, 1.6–20.4%) in our 40 cases. All infected neonates were asymptomatic at birth. The matched historical control group consisted of 108 pregnancies. Thirty‐eight transmissions (35.2% (95% CI, 26.2–45.0%)) occurred in the control group, which was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than the transmission rate in the HIG treatment group.ConclusionAfter a primary maternal CMV infection in the first trimester, biweekly HIG administration at a dose of 200 IU/kg prevents maternal–fetal transmission up to 20 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How can transcranial magnetic stimulation be used to causally manipulate memory representations in the human brain?
Authors: Widhalm Morgan L. , Rose Nathan S. 
Published: June 2018

We present a focused review on the utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for modulating memory, with a particular focus on multimodal approaches in which TMS is paired with neuroimaging methods (electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to manipulate and measure working memory processes. We contrast the utility of TMS for manipulating memory with other forms of noninvasive brain stimulation, as well as different forms of TMS including single‐pulse, paired‐pulse and repetitive TMS protocols. We discuss the potential for TMS to address fundamental cognitive neuroscience questions about the nature of memory processes and representations, while acknowledging the considerable variability of behavioral and neural outcomes in TMS studies. Also discussed are the limitations of this technology, current advancements that have helped to defray the impact of these limitations, and suggestions for future directions in research and methodology.This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Neuroscience > Cognition
Psychology > Memory
Independent component analysis: A statistical perspective
Authors: Nordhausen Klaus , Oja Hannu 
Published: June 2018

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a data analysis tool that can be seen as a refinement of principal component analysis or factor analysis. ICA recovers the structures in the data which stay hidden if only the covariance matrix is used in the analysis. The ICA problem is formulated as a latent variable model where the observed variables are linear combinations of unobserved mutually independent non‐Gaussian variables. The goal is to recover linear transformations back to these latent independent components (ICs). As a statistical tool, the unmixing procedure is expressed as a functional in a relevant semiparametric model which further allows a careful formulation of the inference problem and the comparison of competing estimation procedures. For most approaches, the ICs are found in two steps, (a) by standardizing the random vector and then (b) by rotating the standardized vector to the ICs. In the projection pursuit, the ICs can be found either one‐by‐one or simultaneously and this is discussed in detail when the convex combination of the squared third and fourth cumulants is used as a projection index. Alternative projection indices and their use are also explained. The classical fourth‐order blind identification (FOBI) and joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices (JADE) are described as well. The statistical tools for the comparison of consistent and asymptotically multivariate normal unmixing matrix estimates are discussed. Finally, recent extensions for times series, matrix‐ and tensor‐valued and functional data are reviewed.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and AlgorithmsStatistical Models > Multivariate ModelsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension ReductionStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Information Theoretic Methods
Using technological frames as an analytic tool in value sensitive design
Authors: Grünloh Christiane 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article proposes the use of technological frames (TF) as an analytical tool to support the investigations within value sensitive design. TF can help to identify values that are consistent or conflicting within and between stakeholders, which is exemplified with a case of patient accessible electronic health records in Sweden. The article concludes that TF can help to identify values, which may then help to understand and address possible concerns in the design process.
What Are the Expected Findings on Follow-up Computed Tomography Angiogram in Post-traumatic Patients with Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury?
Authors: Elbanna Khaled Y. , Mohammed Mohammed F. , Choi Jung-In , Dawe J. Philip , Joos Emilie , Baawain Saleh , Ali Ismail Tawakol , Nicolaou Savvas 
Published: June 2018

Purpose Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is a rare but potentially devastating diagnosis. Our study establishes the temporal changes and findings on follow-up imaging. Methods For this retrospective, institutional review board–approved study, the hospital trauma registry was queried for all severely injured polytrauma patients who underwent computed tomography angiogram (CTA) scans in the emergency department between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, with injury severity score ≥16, yielding 3747 patients. A total of 128 patients had a follow-up CTA for BCVI. The grade, location, and outcomes of injuries on follow-up imaging were studied. Results A vehicular collision was the most common mechanism of injury (75%). The majority of patients (61%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale of 10-15. Vertebral fractures were the most common associated injury (57%). The overall incidence of BCVI in our study population was 4.8%. On the initial CTA, 50% of injuries were grade 1, 25.4% were grade 2, 7% were grade 3, 17% were grade 4, and 0.6% were grade 5. For the different grades of injuries, improvement has been documented in 44% with complete healing in 34%, while 51% of injuries remained unchanged from the initial scan. Only 5% progressed to a higher-grade injury. Twelve patients developed strokes with an incidence of 9.4% in patients with a follow-up CTA. Conclusions This study can help increase the awareness of radiologists about the evolution patterns of different grades of BCVIs on follow-up CTA for severely injured posttraumatic patients.
Use of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women Diagnosed with Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia at Core Needle Biopsy Helps Select Women for Surgical Excision
Authors: Amitai Yoav , Menes Tehillah , Golan Orit 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The study sought to investigate the role of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients diagnosed with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) at core needle biopsy (CNB). Methods The breast MRI database at our centre was queried for studies performed between January 2010 and December 2016 for the clinical indication of ADH diagnosed at CNB. Medical files were reviewed for demographic data, clinical information, and radiology and pathology reports. Pathological results of the surgical specimens were considered the gold standard for comparison with breast MRI findings. In women not undergoing excision, at least 2 years of follow-up was used to ascertain the benign nature of the finding. Results Fifty patients were included in the study. Thirty-one (62%) patients had surgical excision of the ADH lesion, and 7 (23%) were upgraded to malignancy. Breast MRI accurately identified 6 of the 7 cases. Six of the 12 women (50%) with positive MRI findings at the biopsy site were upgraded to malignancy on surgical pathology, compared with only 1 of 19 (5%) with negative MRI findings. Forty-nine percent of the women with a negative MRI did not undergo surgical excision of the ADH lesion, compared with 8% of the women with a positive MRI ( P = .009), with no cancer diagnosed during follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of breast MRI for predicting upgrade to malignancy were 86%, 83%, 97%, and 46%, respectively. Conclusions MRI may have a role in the management of women diagnosed with ADH on CNB, to minimize diagnostic excisional biopsies.
P.076 Safety of Eteplirsen, a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer, in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients amenable to Exon 51 skipping
Authors: Mah J , Lynch J , Campbell C 
Published: June 2018

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder affecting 1:3500-5000 live male births, causing a life-limiting form of muscular dystrophy. Whole exon deletions disrupting the reading frame result in near-absence of sarcolemmal dystrophin, essential for muscle function. Eteplirsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) designed to induce production of internally-truncated dystrophin in certain patients. Methods: As of June 2016, 150 patients (4-19 years of age) with DMD received eteplirsen in 7 clinical trials. 143 patients received ≥1 intravenous infusion of eteplirsen (range: 0.5 - 50 mg/kg). 81 (54%) received treatment for ≥1 year (Range: 1-4+ years). Results: Common (>15%) adverse events (AEs) were cough, headache, vomiting, back pain, extremity pain, contusion, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, nasal congestion, arthralgia and rash. Non-serious facial flushing, erythema and mild transient temperature elevation occurred with eteplirsen. 10 (6.7%) patients experienced severe AEs; 12 (8%) patients experienced serious AEs. All serious and all but 1 severe AEs were considered unrelated to eteplirsen by the treating physicians. Serial echocardiograms in 12 treated patients demonstrated no functional decline over 4+ years. Conclusions: Eteplirsen’s tolerability will continue to be assessed in ongoing clinical trials.An updated data summary will be presented.
Fire Disaster Readiness: Preparation for the Evacuation of Medical Facilities During Fires in Haifa, Israel, 2016
Authors: Kreinin Anatoly , Lyansberg Alexey , Yusupov Miriam , Moran Daniel S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen a fire occurs, there is little time to escape. In less than 30 seconds, a fire can rage out of control, filling the area with heat and toxic thick smoke (Purdue University Fire Department, 2017; http://www.purdue.edu/ehps/fire/fire-101.html.) In 2010, following the successful evacuation of Maale Ha’Carmel Mental Health Center during a raging forest fire in the area, a comprehensive investigation was performed to evaluate the management of the evacuation process and to systematically elicit lessons learned from the incident. In 2016, a forest fire erupted in the same geographic area that required the evacuation of Fliman Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, and methodical debriefing identified the strengths and weaknesses of the evacuation process in that hospital. The lessons learned from the evacuation of these two health care facilities, which were at the focus of major fires in Israel in 2010 and in 2016, are presented. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:375–379)
Candidate selection methods and electoral performance in comparative perspective
Authors: Vicentini Giulia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the article is try to assess whether inclusive procedures of selection are more likely to appoint a candidate who can be competitive in the general elections compared with less inclusive ones. Accordingly, I took into account nomination processes (NPs) to select/appoint the prime ministerial/presidential candidate for general elections held in four Western European countries (France, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom) over approximately the last two decades. Using an original data source and innovative indicators, I assessed the inclusiveness of each NP and the party/candidate’s performance in the following general election in order to look for a possible relation. The outcome shows a very weak negative correlation between the two variables. Thus, while it does not appear that inclusive systems of selection have a clear positive impact at the electoral level, it is likewise hard to maintain that systems such as primary elections cause electoral failure.
Physical mechanisms governing drag reduction in turbulent Taylor–Couette flow with finite-size deformable bubbles
Authors: Spandan Vamsi , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef 
Published: June 2018

The phenomenon of drag reduction induced by injection of bubbles into a turbulent carrier fluid has been known for a long time; the governing control parameters and underlying physics is, however, not well understood. In this paper, we use three-dimensional numerical simulations to uncover the effect of deformability of bubbles injected in a turbulent Taylor–Couette flow on the overall drag experienced by the system. We consider two different Reynolds numbers for the carrier flow, i.e. $Re_{i}=5\times 10^{3}$ and $Re_{i}=2\times 10^{4}$; the deformability of the bubbles is controlled through the Weber number, which is varied in the range $We=0.01{-}2.0$. Our numerical simulations show that increasing the deformability of bubbles (that is, $We$) leads to an increase in drag reduction. We look at the different physical effects contributing to drag reduction and analyse their individual contributions with increasing bubble deformability. Profiles of local angular velocity flux show that, in the presence of bubbles, turbulence is enhanced near the inner cylinder while attenuated in the bulk and near the outer cylinder. We connect the increase in drag reduction to the decrease in dissipation in the wake of highly deformed bubbles near the inner cylinder.
Immersive Virtual Reality Experiences for All-Sky Data
Authors: Fluke C. J. , Barnes D. G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpherical coordinate systems, which are ubiquitous in astronomy, cannot be shown without distortion on flat, two-dimensional surfaces. This poses challenges for the two complementary phases of visual exploration—making discoveries in data by looking for relationships, patterns, or anomalies—and publication—where the results of an exploration are made available for scientific scrutiny or communication. This is a long-standing problem, and many practical solutions have been developed. Our allskyVR approach provides a workflow for experimentation with commodity virtual reality head-mounted displays. Using the free, open source s2plot programming library, and the A-FrameWebVR browser-based framework, we provide a straightforward way to visualise all-sky catalogues on a user-centred, virtual celestial sphere. The allskyVR distribution contains both a quickstart option, complete with a gaze-based menu system, and a fully customisable mode for those who need more control of the immersive experience. The software is available for download from https://github.com/cfluke/allskyVR.
Improvements in clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, after an intervention based on the Mediterranean lifestyle: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Katsagoni Christina N. , Papatheodoridis George V. , Ioannidou Panagiota , Deutsch Melanie , Alexopoulou Alexandra , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Papageorgiou Maria-Vasiliki , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Kontogianni Meropi D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLifestyle interventions remain the cornerstone therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This randomised controlled single-blind clinical trial investigated the effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) or Mediterranean lifestyle, along with weight loss, in NAFLD patients. In all, sixty-three overweight/obese patients (50 (sd11) years, BMI=31·8 (sd4·5) kg/m2, 68 % men) with ultrasonography-proven NAFLD (and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels) were randomised to the following groups: (A) control group (CG), (B) Mediterranean diet group (MDG) or (C) Mediterranean lifestyle group (MLG). Participants of MDG and MLG attended seven 60-min group sessions for 6 months, aiming at weight loss and increasing adherence to MD. In the MLG, additional guidance for increasing physical activity and improving sleep habits were given. Patients in CG received only written information for a healthy lifestyle. At the end of 6 months, 88·8 % of participants completed the study. On the basis of intention-to-treat analysis, both MDG and MLG showed greater weight reduction and higher adherence to MD compared with the CG (allP<0·05) at the end of intervention. In addition, MLG increased vigorous exercise compared with the other two study groups (P<0·001) and mid-day rest/naps compared with CG (P=0·04). MLG showed significant improvements in ALT levels (i.e. ALT<40 U/l (P=0·03) and 50 % reduction of ALT levels (P=0·009)) and liver stiffness (P=0·004) compared with CG after adjusting for % weight loss and baseline values. MDG improved only liver stiffness compared with CG (P<0·001) after adjusting for the aforementioned variables. Small changes towards the Mediterranean lifestyle, along with weight loss, can be a treatment option for patients with NAFLD.
Effectiveness of a home fortification programme with multiple micronutrients on infant and young child development: a cluster-randomised trial in rural Bihar, India
Authors: Larson Leila M. , Young Melissa F. , Bauer Patricia J. , Mehta Rukshan , Girard Amy Webb , Ramakrishnan Usha , Verma Pankaj , Chaudhuri Indrajit , Srikantiah Sridhar , Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResearch demonstrates the importance of nutrition for early brain development. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of multiple micronutrient powders (MNP) on child development. This study examined the impacts of home fortification with MNP on motor and mental development, executive function and memory of children living in Bihar. This two-arm cluster-randomised effectiveness trial selected seventy health sub-centres to receive either MNP and nutrition counselling (intervention) or nutrition counselling alone (control) for 12 months. Front-line health workers delivered the intervention to all households in study communities with a child aged 6–18 months. Data were collected using cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline by selecting households from intervention (baseline,n2184; endline,n2170) and control (baseline,n2176; endline,n2122) communities using a two-stage cluster-randomised sampling strategy. Children in the intervention group had a significantly larger improvement from baseline to endline compared with those in the control group on scores for motor and mental development (Cohen’sd, motor=0·12; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·22; mental=0·15; 95 % CI 0·06, 0·25). Greater impacts of MNP on motor and mental development were observed in children from households with higher stimulation scores at baseline compared with those with lower stimulation (Cohen’sd, motor=0·20v. 0·09; mental=0·22v. 0·14;Pinteraction<0·05). No significant treatment differences were seen for executive function or memory. Home fortification with MNP through the existing health infrastructure in Bihar was effective in improving motor and mental development and should be considered in combination with other child development interventions such as stimulation.
Time to address the double inequality of differences in dietary intake between Scotland and England
Authors: Barton Karen L. , Chambers Stephanie , Anderson Annie S. , Wrieden Wendy L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGeographical disparities in health outcomes have been evident across the UK for decades. Recent analysis on the dietary differences between Scotland and England that might go some way to explain these health differences is limited. This study aimed to assess whether, and to what degree, aspects of diet and nutrition differ between Scottish and English populations, specifically between those with similar household incomes. A period of 12 years of UK food purchase data (2001–2012) were pooled and used to estimate household-level consumption data for Scotland and England. Population mean food consumption and nutrient intakes were estimated, adjusting for known confounders (year, age of household reference person, age they left full-time education and income). Comparison was also made within equivalised income quintiles. Analysis showed that the foods and nutrients that should be increased in the diet (highlighted in the Scottish Dietary Goals) were lower in Scotland than in England (e.g. fruit and vegetables 267 g/d; 99 % CI 259, 274v.298 g/d; 99 % CI 296, 301),P<0·001). Similarly, foods and drinks linked with poor health outcomes were higher in Scotland. These regional inequalities in diet were even more pronounced in the lower-income groups (e.g. red and processed meat consumption in the lowest-income quintile was 65 g/d; 99 % CI 61, 69 in Scotlandv. 58 g/day; 99 % CI 57, 60 in England,P<0·001, but similar in the highest-income quintile (58 g/d; 99 % CI 54, 61v. 59 g/d; 99 % CI 58, 60, respectively). A poorer diet in Scotland compared with England, particularly among disadvantaged groups, may contribute to differences in excess mortality between countries.