bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unlicensed and Off-label Prescription of Medications in General Paediatric Ward: An Observational Study
Authors: Dornelles Alícia Dorneles , Calegari Lisiane Hoff , de Souza Lucian , Ebone Patrícia , Tonelli Tiago Silva , Carvalho Clarissa Gutierrez 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Unlicensed (UL) and Off-label (OL) prescription of medications is common
in paediatrics and does not constitute negligent practice since there is often no approved alternative
according to FDA bulary.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the current frequency of UL and OL prescriptions in children
from one month to 12 years of age in a Paediatric Inpatient Unit (PIU).

Methods:
This is an observational, prospective study, reviewing the prescriptions of all patients
admitted to the PIU in a university hospital in a single week in August 2014 and a single week in
January 2015.

Results:
We included 157 patients of median age 18 months and median length of stay 24 days.
There were 1,328 prescription items (average of 8.4 items/patient) and only two patients without
UL/OL use. During the winter season (August), 27% of prescriptions were classified as UL and
44.6% as OL, and during summer (January), 29.6% as UL and 45.1% as OL. We identified 188
medications, of which the most prescribed were paracetamol (11%) and dipyrone (9.5%). The most
frequent OL classification was regarding drug formulation (15.8%). In the winter week, the most
frequent reasons for admission were respiratory (44%), followed by other clinical causes (CC)
(17.3%), while in the summer week, they were CC (26.3%), followed by surgical and gastrohepatic
(23.7%).

Conclusion:
The OL prescription of medicines for children in Brazil is in accordance with the international
literature. The higher prevalence of OL due to formulation found in this study is related
to the use of formulations other than those used by the FDA.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Sjögren’s Syndrome: Co-incidence or Causality?
Authors: Saghafi Massoud , Abdolahi Nafiseh , Orang Reza , Hatef Mohammad Reza , Molseghi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: November 2018

Background and Aim:
Lymphoid cell infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands,
specifically lacrimal and salivary glands are characteristics of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). An etiological
role has been proposed for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), interacting in the clinical course
and complications of SS (including gastric cancer and lymphoma). The aim of this study was to
identify the probable correlation between H. pylori infection and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS).

Methods:
In this case-control study, ELISA method was used to determine serum level of IgA and
IgM anti H. pylori antibody in 43 subjects with SS according to the international criteria and 95
healthy subjects as control. SPSS-17 was used to analyze data with t-test. P value <.05 were considered
significant.

Results:
Serum level of IgM (34.9% vs. 10.5%, p-value= 0.001) and IgA (67.4% vs. 46.3% p
value= 0.021) anti H. pylori antibody were significantly higher in SS patients compared to the control
group. There was a positive correlation between age and H. pylori infection (r=0.2, Pvalue=
0.05).

Conclusion:
Patients with SS had a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection compared to the normal
population. Eradication of H. pylori is recommended particularly in older patients with SS.
A CanMEDS Competency-Based Assessment Tool for High-Fidelity Simulation in Internal Medicine: The Montreal Internal Medicine Evaluation Scale (MIMES)
Authors: Chrétien Raymer Patrice , Makhzoum Jean-Paul , Gagnon Robert , Levy Arielle , Costa Jean-Pascal 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: High-fidelity simulation is an efficient and holistic teaching method. However, assessing simulation performances remains a challenge. We aimed to develop a CanMEDS competency-based global rating scale for internal medicine trainees during simulated acute care scenarios. Methods: Our scale was developed using a formal Delphi process. Validity was tested using six videotaped scenarios of two residents managing unstable atrial fibrillation, rated by 6 experts. Psychometric properties were determined using a G-study and a satisfaction questionnaire.Results: Most evaluators favorably rated the usability of our scale, and attested that the tool fully covered CanMEDS competencies. The scale showed low to intermediate generalization validity.Conclusions: This study demonstrated some validity arguments for our scale. The best assessed aspect of performance was communication; further studies are planned to gather further validity arguments for our scale and to compare assessment of teamwork and communication during scenarios with multiple versus single residents.
Propaganda: um romance quase perfeito
Authors: Pereira Rosane Da Conceição 
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, a publicidade é pensada como uma atividade que manifesta a representação racional de uma “realidade” suposta, embora através do apelo a fatores emocionais. Ela constitui um verdadeiro “romance quase perfeito”, muitas vezes reelaborando as expectativas do público. A partir da persuasão deste, o apelo emocional da retórica no texto e na imagem da propaganda obtém êxito. A proposta é então pensar como a publicidade pode ser fundamentada na representação platônica, ainda que operada de modo contrário.
Liver and Nutrition. An Optimal Diet for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mayevskaya M. V. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: November 2018

Aim. This review study is aimed at characterizing the nutrition of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).General findings.A high-calorie diet, followed even for a short period of time, can lead to an increase in the lipid content in hepatocytes and an increase in ALT values. These changes occur much earlier than weight gain, glucose metabolism disorders and other clinically obvious changes. So far, only the Mediterranean diet (or the Mediterranean type of food) has been scientifically confirmed as beneficial for human health. It is recommended for patients with NAFLD both by Russian and international clinical guidelines. The molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects on human health have been confirmed for such Mediterranean diet components as polyphenols, carotenoids, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The enrichment of the Mediterranean diet with olive oil (+10 g) reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus by 40 %. The addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to food reduces the risk of hepatocellular cancer. A balanced ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 in the diet is more important than the absolute amount of individual fatty acids. Vegetables and fruit contain two main classes of antioxidants: polyphenols and carotenoids. In patients with NAFLD, they exhibit an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro. Food produced from whole grain has a lower energy potential as compared to that produced from refined grain. Meat contains various nutrients, such as proteins, iron, zinc, B12 vitamin, as well as sodium, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which serve as risk factors for the development of NAFLD and other cardio-metabolic disorders. In this paper, we present a clinical observation of a 51-year-old patient with NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders. Practical recommendations are given on changes in his lifestyle and the choice of optimal therapy with the application of multifunctional drugs affecting all disease aspects.Conclusion.The concepts of ‘correct or healthy’ nutrition and ‘lifestyle modification’ are increasingly attracting much attention both in terms of the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Proper nutrition is important for a good life prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Principles of Rational Nutrition for Managing Constipation
Authors: Shulpekova Yu. O. , Sheptulin D. A. , Shulpekova N. V. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.The aim of this work was to investigate the problem of constipation associated with a deficiency in dietary fibre and to develop principles for the nutritional management of this condition. Main findings.In countries characterized by the Western-style diet, only about 10% of people consume an optimal amount of fibre daily. As a result, primary normal-transit constipation is a common problem. A special role in maintaining the function of the colon belongs to carbohydrates. Keeping a food diary helps to choose an optimal type of nutrition for a patient and reduce the likelihood of flatulence. Food fibres (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) play an especially important role. Viscous fibres are most capable of swelling, thus exhibiting metabolic effects at the level of the small intestine. Non-viscous and insoluble fibres increase the volume of feces, stimulate peristalsis and exert a prebiotic effect. A low content of fibre in the diet is a factor provoking intestinal dysbiosis followed by a decrease in Bacteroides and Ruminococcus populations. Flavonoids also play an important role in the regulation of intestinal peristalsis and secretion. Under constipation of functional origin, the microbiota contains a significantly reduced amount of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Changes in the composition of microflora correlate with psychopathological symptoms. Strains capable of exhibiting a therapeutic effect in constipation include Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, a probiotic mixture of VSL#3, Florasan-D combined bacterium, DN-173 010 Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis), HN019 Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. For the prevention and management of constipation, functional food products enriched with oligo-, polysaccharides and probiotics are developed. Thus, various products of the Activia brand contain DN-173 010 Bifidobacterium lactis (ActiRegularis) at a concentration of at least 108 CFU / g. The consumption of fermented milk products with DN-173-010 Bifidobacterium lactis contributes to the elimination of subclinical discomfort in the abdomen in practically healthy people, reduces the time of colon transit and helps to normalise the frequency of defecation.Conclusion.In most cases, the first stage in managing constipation is the normalisation of the diet by means of adding dietary fibre and probiotics into the composition of functional foods or medical preparations.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children: The Current State of the Problem
Authors: Volynets G. V. , Khavkin A. I. , Skvortsova T. A. , Matkash V. V. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.To generalize the results of existing research studies carried out to investigate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children, and the contemporary approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of the disease. Key points. According to the results of serological studies, two types of AIH can be distinguished in children. AIH of type 1 is diagnosed, when anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies (ASMA) and/or antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) have been detected. AIH of type 2 AIH is diagnosed, when liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies (anti-LKM-1) and/ or anti-liver cytosolic autoantibodies (anti-LC-1) have been detected. Liver parenchymal inflammation responds well to a standard immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine. Disease relapses are observed in about 40% of patients during treatment. It is expedient to treat children at least for 2–3 years before attempting to cancel the treatment, which decision should be considered only when the levels of transaminases have remained normal and IgG has been negative, or autoantibody titers have been low (1:20 using immunofluorescence method) for at least a year. Before attempting to cancel the therapy, liver biopsy and histological study should be repeated in order to exclude the possibility of residual inflammatory changes. For a small number of patients, who do not respond to standard treatment and those who suffer from frequent disease relapses, it is advisable to offer an alternative immunosuppressive treatment, the effectiveness of which is still ambiguous and poorly understood (including, in order of priority, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, rituximab, Inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha). In cases of refractoriness to therapy and the disease progression to liver cirrhosis and its decompensation, liver transplantation is justified. It is shown that AIH might relapse after liver transplantation. De novo AIH develops after liver transplantation as a result of non-autoimmune diseases; it is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies (ANA, ASMA and typical or atypical anti-LKM-1), and histologically characterized by a pattern similar to that of AIH. De novo AIH after liver transplantation responds well to a classical immunosuppressive therapy, but not to a standard antiretroviral therapy. In the review, we discuss issues associated with the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of AIH in children. Approaches to the treatment and long-term observation of such children are reviewed, including, i.e., those formulated by the main group of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) members.Conclusion. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children has a progressive course with the outcome to liver cirrhosis. The presented review has summarized approaches to the diagnosis and selection of AIH therapy in children.
Structural and Functional Fundamentals of Alcoholic Disease
Authors: Paukov V. S. , Voronina T. M. , Kirillov Yu. A. , Malysheva E. M. 
Published: November 2018

Aim. To suggest a new perspective on chronic alcohol intoxication by means of investigating the associated severe multiple organ pathology, which frequently becomes the cause of lethal outcome in patients suffering from drunkenness and alcoholism.Key points. The empirical basis of the study consisted in the analysis of autopsy results obtained from 1,115 corpses of persons having abused alcohol during their lifetime. In addition, 800 experiments on rats were carried out. As a result, a concept of alcoholic disease (AD) is proposed. AD is defined as a condition, in which chronic ethanol intoxication leads to the development of morphological changes in organs and systems: from minimal injuries of the microcirculatory pathway to a multiple organ pathology showing signs of alcoholism. AD pathogenesis is demonstrated to undergo 3 major stages, from (1) episodic alcohol intoxication, through (2) drunkenness and to (3) alcoholism. It is noted that, while the morphological changes are considered to be reversible during the first two stages, they become irreversible at the stage of alcoholism.Conclusion. It is concluded that the forms of the disease that involve the described morphological changes in organs and systems should be primarily treated by physicians, not by psychiatrists and narcology practitioners who are only capable of dealing with the psychological aspect of the problem.
DIGITISASI DAN PRINT-OUT CITRA RADIOGRAFI KARSINOMA NASOFARING
Authors: Purwanti Indri , Suparta Gede Bayu , Tjokronagoro Maesadji 
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang proses digitisasi dan print-out citra radiografi karsinoma nasofaring luaran suatu perangkat simulator di RS. DR.Sardjito. Proses digitisasi dilakukan menggunakan sistem frame grabber yang dikembangkan oleh Laboratorium Fisika Citra FMIPA UGM yang terhubung dengan sistem radiografi fluoroskopi. Setelah diperoleh 20 citra untuk sekali proses paparan radiasi, dilakukan proses normalisasi dan proses kalkulasi citra. Proses analisis terhadap citra hasil meliputi analisis visual, histogram, dan profil garis yang dilakukan menggunakan software New Image Analyzer 2007. Untuk kepentingan dokumentasi permanen, citra di-print-out. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, operasi add dapat memberikan kualitas visual citra terbaik, sebagaimana tampak di layar monitor maupun setelah di-print-out. Kualitas citra hasil print-out relatif tetap sepanjang spesifikasi printer yang digunakan sesuai. Kata kunci: Digitisasi, Print-out, Frame Grabber, Radiografi Fluoroskopi, Karsinoma Nasofaring
Non-invasive evaluation of periodontal ligament stiffness during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Westover Lindsey , Faulkner Gary , Flores-Mir Carlos , Hodgetts William , Raboud Don 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To evaluate the longitudinal changes in periodontal ligament (PDL) stiffness during orthodontic tooth movement using the Advanced System for Implant Stability Testing (ASIST).

Materials and Methods:
ASIST measurements of maxillary canines that were actively retracted into an extraction space were collected approximately once per month for 12 adolescent female patients. The ASIST Stability Coefficient (ASC) values, which are directly related to PDL stiffness, were determined for each visit to examine longitudinal changes for individual canines as they were exposed to different forces (approximately 80 and 150 g) during retraction.

Results:
The pattern of longitudinal changes in ASC was similar for both canines (regardless of the two force levels applied) in individual patients and across patients. All patients showed some decrease in ASC, with an average maximum reduction in stiffness of 73.4 ± 7.7%. Some recovery was observed for most patients; however, none of the patients had the PDL stiffness return to the pre-treatment value at the final measurement appointment which was some time close after space closure was completed. On average, the ASC value at the final measured visit was 48.1 ± 12.2% of the initial value. No measurements are available after removal of orthodontic appliances and during retention.

Conclusions:
The ASIST was able to detect changes in PDL stiffness during orthodontic treatment, providing some insight into the mechanical changes that occur at the tooth root interface.
International Network for Exchanging Experience on Statistical Handling of Granular Data (INEXDA).
Authors: Hirsch Christian 
Published: November 2018

The financial crisis of 2007/08 has highlighted the need for using granular data on financial institutions and markets to detect risks and imbalances in the financial sector. Administrative data producers are witnessing a growing need to improve granular data access and sharing. When sharing granular data, data producers face significant legal and technical challenges related to, among others, safeguarding statistical confidentiality.
To meet the demand of data users and data compilers for (granular) data sharing, the International Network for Exchanging Experience on Statistical Handling of Granular Data (INEXDA) was established on 6 January 2017. Current INEXDA members are the Banco de España, Banca d'Italia, the Banco de Portugal, the Bank of England, the Banque de France, the Deutsche Bundesbank, and the European Central Bank.
INEXDA provides a platform for administrative data producers to exchange practical experiences on the accessibility of granular data, on metadata as well as on techniques for statistical analysis and data protection. During the INEXDA meeting in Paris, Julia Lane has presented the Administrative Data Research Facility (ADRF). Following her presentation several INEXDA members expressed interest in obtaining more information about the approach taken by ADRF. This presentation describes the interaction between INEXDA and ADRF.
The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Deutsche Bundesbank, ADRF, or the INEXDA Network.
The National Information Exchange Model and making data relevant
Authors: Wormeli Paul 
Published: November 2018

The National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) has been widely adopted as a basis for creating standards that foster information exchanges across disparate disciplines in justice, health, human services and other fields. NIEM can be a driver for transforming legacy data into meaningful cross-disciplinary exchanges that can support advanced analysis of impacts of programs and strategies in improving government services of all categories. This presentation will review the basic NIEM principles in terms of how they can enable more meaningful results as administrative data is applied to research on the efficacy of government services across organizations and disciplines.
Harnessing Administrative Records for Official Statistics on People and Households
Authors: Heggeness Misty L 
Published: November 2018

The availability and excessiveness of alternative (non-survey) data sources, collected on a daily, hourly, and sometimes second-by-second basis, has challenged the federal statistical system to update existing protocol for developing official statistics. Federal statistical agencies collect data primarily through survey methodologies built on frames constructed from administrative records. They compute survey weights to adjust for non-response and unequal sampling probabilities, impute answers for nonresponse, and report official statistics via tabulations from these survey. The U.S. federal government has rigorously developed these methodologies since the advent of surveys -- an innovation produced by the urgent desire of Congress and the President to estimate annual unemployment rates of working age men during the Great Depression.
In the 1930s, Twitter did not exist; high-scale computing facilities were not abundant let alone cheap, and the ease of the ether was just a storyline from the imagination of fiction writers. Today we do have the technology, and an abundance of data, record markers, and alternative sources, which, if curated and examined properly, can help enhance official statistics. Researchers at the Census Bureau have been experimenting with administrative records in an effort to understand how these alternative data sources can improve our understanding of official statistics. Innovative projects like these have advanced our knowledge of the limitations of survey data in estimating official statistics. This paper will discuss advances made in linking administrative records to survey data to-date and will summarize the research on the impact of administrative records on official statistics.
Key Factors in the establishment of an academia-government center of public sector administrative data and policy research
Authors: Ayles James , McDonald Ted 
Published: November 2018

A collaborative between the Government of New Brunswick (GNB) and the University of New Brunswick to establish a center of public sector administrative data and policy research was envisioned in 2012. Subsequent work between the parties led to the establishment of the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data and Training (NB-IRDT) in 2014.
Academia-government partnerships are not unique in Canada, however what sets this apart is: 1) the legislative approach used to support research, 2) scope of administrative data made available, 3) value placed on anonymized linked data, 4) governance overseeing the partnership, and 5) measures taken to ensure the protection of citizens’ data.
In 2017, the New Brunswick Act Respecting Research received proclamation. This Act serves to provide clarity and addresses gaps in access and use of personal / health data for research. The Act has opened the doors for NB-IRDT with data owners of public sector organizations. NB-IRDT may now receive pseudonymous personal data from any public sector program collecting personal information.
The partnership is governed by several advisory committees each serving a different role in overseeing the growth of NB-IRDT; overall direction setting being led by a panel of Deputy Ministers and the Clerk (the senior ranking civil servant in GNB.)
The collaboration is well positioned to support public policy research and fosters the use of evidence-based information in the development of government programs and services. The partnership has also helped to encourage new and innovative thinking within GNB about the value of linkable data to support decision-making.