bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence statistics and structures in fully developed open channel flows with periodic surface coverages
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Law Adrian Wing-Keung 
Published: November 2024

Modular floating solar farms exhibit periodic open surface coverages due to the strip configuration of floating modules that support the photovoltaic (PV) panels on top. The associated modulations in the surface boundary layer and its turbulence characteristics are investigated in the present study under fully developed open channel flows. Different coverage percentages of 100 % (i.e. full cover), 60 %, 30 % and 0 % (i.e. open surface) were tested and measurements were obtained using particle image velocimetry. The results showed that the turbulence statistics are similar when the coverage decreases from 100 % to 60 %. However, with 30 %, both the turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses increase substantially, reaching up to 50 % higher compared with the 100 % coverage, and the boundary layer thickness increases by more than 25 %. The local skin friction beneath the openings increases by 50 %. Analysis of spanwise vortices and premultiplied spectra indicates that the periodic coverage elongates the hairpin vortex packets and reduces their inclination angle, imposing limitations on sustainable coherent structures. At 30 %, flow detachment and smaller-scale vortices become dominant, reducing the mean velocities and increasing the turbulence intensities. Decreasing coverage percentage with flow detachment also shifts the energy transfer to higher wavenumbers, increasing energy dissipation and decreasing the bulk flow velocity. The kinetic energy and Reynolds stress carried by very large-scale motions decreases from 40 %–50 % with the 100 % and 60 % coverage to around 30 %–40 % with the 30 % coverage. Further research studies involving spanwise heterogeneity, higher Reynolds number and varying submergence of PV modules are needed for environmental considerations.
Ocean literacy and how serious games can play a part: the case of the jellyfish and the microplastics governance game MoreGoJelly!
Authors: Tiller Rachel , Ahlquist Ina Helene , Almås Håvard , Cowan Emily , Dankel Dorothy , Hakvåg Magnus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Serious games are a method that can be used to reach the public on complex topics related to the ocean. Although games used for learning generally, and ocean literacy specifically, have developed gradually since the 1970s, it was not until the popularization of digital games, around the turn of the millennium, that serious games rose to prominence in academia. Since then, vast amounts of serious games research have been published each year – chiefly on digital games, but also increasingly on hybrid and analogue games. In this article, we present results from a series of serious games that were played in three geographical regions in Norway with future-generation stakeholders and tie this to ocean literacy. We report on the potential benefits of serious games for learning and motivation based on these results. The games were played within the context of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science, the sustainable development goals and multilevel governance, with a special focus on microplastic pollution and jellyfish blooms. We argue that using serious games can be beneficial not just for outreach but also as a tool for unintrusive collection of qualitative data in the form of narratives from transcriptions post-gaming session and contribute to ocean literacy.
Local regularity for nonlocal double phase equations in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Fang Yuzhou , Zhang Chao , Zhang Junli 
Published: November 2024

We prove interior boundedness and Hölder continuity for the weak solutions of nonlocal double phase equations in the Heisenberg group

$\mathbb{H}^n$

. This solves a problem raised by Palatucci and Piccinini et al. in 2022 and 2023 for the nonlinear integro-differential problems in Heisenberg setting. Our proof of the a priori estimates bases on De Giorgi–Nash–Moser theory, where the important ingredients are Caccioppoli-type inequality and Logarithmic estimate. To achieve this goal, we establish a new and crucial Sobolev–Poincaré type inequality in local domain, which may be of independent interest and potential applications.
Sex-specific association between later circadian timing of food intake and adiposity among Chinese young adults living in real-world settings
Authors: Huang Yan , Xu Yu-xiang , Shen Yu-ting , Zhou Yi , Wan Yu-hui , Tao Fang-biao , Sun Ying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTiming of food intake is an emerging aspect of nutrition; however, there is a lack of research accurately assessing food timing in the context of the circadian system. The study aimed to investigate the relation between food timing relative to clock time and endogenous circadian timing with adiposity and further explore sex differences in these associations among 151 young adults aged 18–25 years. Participants wore wrist actigraphy and documented sleep and food schedules in real time for 7 consecutive days. Circadian timing was determined by dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). The duration between last eating occasion and DLMO (last EO-DLMO) was used to calculate the circadian timing of food intake. Adiposity was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Of the 151 participants, 133 were included in the statistical analysis finally. The results demonstrated that associations of adiposity with food timing relative to circadian timing rather than clock time among young adults living in real-world settings. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that associations between last EO-DLMO and adiposity were significant in females but not males. For females, each hour increase in last EO-DLMO was associated with higher BMI by 0·51 kg/m2 (P = 0·01), higher percent body fat by 1·05 % (P = 0·007), higher fat mass by 0·99 kg (P = 0·01) and higher visceral fat area by 4·75 cm2 (P = 0·02), whereas non-significant associations were present among males. The findings highlight the importance of considering the timing of food intake relative to endogenous circadian timing instead of only as clock time.
Model structures, n-Gorenstein flat modules and PGF dimensions
Authors: El Maaouy Rachid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven a non-negative integer n and a ring R with identity, we construct a hereditary abelian model structure on the category of left R-modules where the class of cofibrant objects coincides with $\mathcal{GF}_n(R)$ the class of left R-modules with Gorenstein flat dimension at most n, the class of fibrant objects coincides with $\mathcal{F}_n(R)^\perp$ the right ${\rm Ext}$-orthogonal class of left R-modules with flat dimension at most n, and the class of trivial objects coincides with $\mathcal{PGF}(R)^\perp$ the right ${\rm Ext}$-orthogonal class of PGF left R-modules recently introduced by Šaroch and . The homotopy category of this model structure is triangulated equivalent to the stable category $\underline{\mathcal{GF}(R)\cap\mathcal{C}(R)}$ modulo flat-cotorsion modules and it is compactly generated when R has finite global Gorenstein projective dimension.The second part of this paper deals with the PGF dimension of modules and rings. Our results suggest that this dimension could serve as an alternative definition of the Gorenstein projective dimension. We show, among other things, that (n-)perfect rings can be characterized in terms of Gorenstein homological dimensions, similar to the classical ones, and the global Gorenstein projective dimension coincides with the global PGF dimension.
To revive India’s industries: The global and imperial roots of swadeshi in the nineteenth century
Authors: Patel Dinyar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores the long roots of swadeshi (economic self-reliance) in nineteenth-century India, focusing on attempts at industrial revival through pedagogical institutions, exhibitions, and associations. These roots, which influenced the Swadeshi Movement and Gandhian swadeshi activity in the early twentieth century, demonstrate how it is impossible to understand swadeshi without taking an extensive global perspective. Indian thinkers engaged in contemporary global economic debates and with British imperial deliberations on free trade and protection; they fine-tuned comparative perspectives on the Indian economy through international travel and their readings of global history. In a similar spirit, Indians forged core swadeshi techniques through observing associational, institutional, and technological innovations across the British empire and the wider world. History was a powerful motivating force. Popular conceptions of deindustrialization under colonial rule fired Indians’ imaginations about a past when the country was a global powerhouse for manufactured exports—and directly stimulated specific swadeshi endeavours. Situated at the confluence of profit-making and patriotism, swadeshi enterprise in the nineteenth century created some unexpected alliances: between Britons and Indians, colonial officials and nationalists, and urban intellectuals and small-town entrepreneurs.
A meta-analysis of the reliability of second language reading comprehension assessment tools
Authors: Zhao Huijun , Aryadoust Vahid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to meta-analyze the reliability of second language (L2) reading assessments and identify the potential moderators of reliability in L2 reading comprehension tests. We examined 3,247 individual studies for possible inclusion and assessed 353 studies as eligible for the inclusion criteria. Of these, we extracted 150 Cronbach’s alpha estimates from 113 eligible studies (years 1998–2024) that reported Cronbach’s alpha coefficients properly and coded 27 potential predictors comprising of the characteristics of the study, the test, and test takers. We subsequently conducted a reliability generalization (RG) meta-analysis to compute the average reliability coefficient of L2 reading comprehension tests and identify potential moderators from 27 coded predictor variables. The RG meta-analysis found an average reliability of 0.79 (95% CI [0.78, 0.81]). The number of test items, test piloting, test takers’ educational institution, study design, and testing mode were found to respectively explain 16.76%, 5.92%, 4.91%, 2.58%, and 1.36% of variance in reliability coefficients. The implications of this study and future directions are further discussed.
Quick-reference criteria for identifying multivariate cognitive change in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: An ADNI study
Authors: Grant Jeremy G. , Wisinger Amanda M. , Abel Hilary F. , Hunter Jennifer M. , Smith Glenn E. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:To establish quick-reference criteria regarding the frequency of statistically rare changes in seven neuropsychological measures administered to older adults.Method:Data from 935 older adults examined over a two-year interval were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The sample included 401 cognitively normal older adults whose scores were used to determine the natural distribution of change scores for seven cognitive measures and to set change score thresholds corresponding to the 5th percentile. The number of test scores that exceeded these thresholds were counted for the cognitively normal group, as well as 381 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 153 individuals with dementia. Regression analyses examined whether the number of change scores predicted diagnostic group membership beyond demographic covariates.Results:Only 4.2% of cognitively normal participants obtained two or more change scores that fell below the 5th percentile of change scores, compared to 10.6% of the stable MCI participants and 38.6% of those who converted to dementia. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and premorbid estimates, the number of change scores below the 5th percentile significantly predicted diagnostic group membership.Conclusions:It was uncommon for older adults to have two or more change scores fall below the 5th percentile thresholds in a seven-test battery. Higher change counts may identify those showing atypical cognitive decline.
Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Gias Maimuna , Qamar Huma , Fariha Farzana , Mahmud Abdullah Al , Shah Prakesh , Abrams Steven A , Roth Daniel E , O’Callaghan Karen M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0–6, 6–12 and 12–24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age.

Design:
Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics.

Setting:
Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Participants:
599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study.

Results:
cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders.

Conclusions:
Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.
Bridging the gap: Integrating cutting-edge techniques into biological imaging with deepImageJ
Authors: Fuster-Barceló Caterina , García-López-de-Haro Carlos , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Ouyang Wei , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe , Sage Daniel , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This manuscript showcases the latest advancements in deepImageJ, a pivotal Fiji/ImageJ plugin for bioimage analysis in life sciences. The plugin, known for its user-friendly interface, facilitates the application of diverse pre-trained convolutional neural networks to custom data. The manuscript demonstrates several deepImageJ capabilities, particularly in deploying complex pipelines, three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, and processing large images. A key development is the integration of the Java Deep Learning Library, expanding deepImageJ’s compatibility with various deep learning (DL) frameworks, including TensorFlow, PyTorch, and ONNX. This allows for running multiple engines within a single Fiji/ImageJ instance, streamlining complex bioimage analysis workflows. The manuscript details three case studies to demonstrate these capabilities. The first case study explores integrated image-to-image translation followed by nuclei segmentation. The second case study focuses on 3D nuclei segmentation. The third case study showcases large image volume segmentation and compatibility with the BioImage Model Zoo. These use cases underscore deepImageJ’s versatility and power to make advanced DLmore accessible and efficient for bioimage analysis. The new developments within deepImageJ seek to provide a more flexible and enriched user-friendly framework to enable next-generation image processing in life science.
Fossil Fuel CO2 Emission Signatures Over India Captured by OCO‐2 Satellite Measurements
Authors: Balamurugan Vigneshkumar , Chen Jia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. Recent advances in satellite remote‐sensing measurements allow us to track greenhouse gas emissions globally. This study assessed emissions from various point or local sources, particularly power plants in India, using 8 years of concurrent high‐spatial resolution OCO‐2 satellite measurements. A Gaussian plume (GP) model was used to evaluate the power plant emissions reported in the Carbon Brief (CB) database. In total (39 cases), 42 different power plant emissions were assessed, with 26 of them being assessed more than once. The estimated power plant emissions were within 25% of the emissions reported in the CB database in 11 out of 39 cases and within 50% in 18 cases. To evaluate the EDGAR and ODIAC emission inventories in terms of missing and highly underestimated sources, we estimated the cross‐sectional (CS) emission flux for 45 cases. We identified the possible omission of power plant emissions in three cases for both inventories. Furthermore, we also showed 17 cases in which emissions from unknown (non‐power plant) sources were highly underestimated in the EDGAR and ODIAC emission inventories. Due to the simplicity of the employed approaches and their lower computational requirements compared to other methods, they can be applied to large data sets over extended time periods. This enables the acquisition of initial emission estimates for various sources, including those that are unknown and underestimated.
Future Scenarios for River Exports of Multiple Pollutants by Sources and Sub‐Basins Worldwide: Rising Pollution for the Indian Ocean
Authors: Micella Ilaria , Kroeze Carolien , Bak Mirjam P. , Tang Ting , Wada Yoshihide , Strokal Maryna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the future, rivers may export more pollutants to coastal waters, driven by socio‐economic development, increased material consumption, and climate change. However, existing scenarios often ignore multi‐pollutant problems. Here, we aim to explore future trends in annual river exports of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), plastics (macro and micro), and emerging contaminants (triclosan and diclofenac) at the sub‐basin scale worldwide. For this, we implement into the process‐based MARINA‐Multi model (Model to Assess River Inputs of pollutaNts to the seAs) two new multi‐pollutant scenarios: “Sustainability‐driven Future” (SD) and “Economy‐driven Future” (ED). In ED, river exports of nutrients and microplastics will double by 2100, globally. In SD, a decrease of up to 83% is projected for river export of all studied pollutants by 2100, globally. Diffuse sources such as fertilizers are largely responsible for increasing nutrient pollution in the two scenarios. Point sources, namely sewage systems, are largely responsible for increasing microplastic pollution in the ED scenario. In both scenarios, the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean will receive up to 400% more pollutants from rivers by 2100 because of growing population, urbanization, and poor waste management in the African and Asian sub‐basins. The situation differs for sub‐basins draining into the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean (mainly less future pollution) and the Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean (more or less future pollution depending on sub‐basins and scenarios). From 56% to 78% of the global population are expected to live in more polluted river basins in the future, challenging sustainable development goals for clean waters.
Soil Moisture‐Cloud‐Precipitation Feedback in the Lower Atmosphere From Functional Decomposition of Satellite Observations
Authors: Gao Yifu , Guilloteau Clément , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi , Xu Chonggang , Sun Xiaoming , Vrugt Jasper A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe feedback of topsoil moisture (SM) content on convective clouds and precipitation is not well understood and represented in the current generation of weather and climate models. Here, we use functional decomposition of satellite‐derived SM and cloud vertical profiles (CVP) to quantify the relationship between SM and the vertical distribution of cloud water in the central US. High‐dimensional model representation is used to disentangle the contributions of SM and other land‐surface and atmospheric variables to the CVP. Results show that the sign and strength of the SM‐cloud‐precipitation feedback varies with cloud height and time lag and displays a large spatial variability. Positive anomalies in antecedent 7‐hr SM and land‐surface temperature enhance cloud reflectivity up to 4 dBZ in the lower atmosphere about 1–3 km above the surface. Our approach presents new insights into the SM‐cloud‐precipitation feedback and aids in the diagnosis of land‐atmosphere interactions simulated by weather and climate models.
Climate‐Induced Saltwater Intrusion in 2100: Recharge‐Driven Severity, Sea Level‐Driven Prevalence
Authors: Adams Kyra H. , Reager J. T. , Buzzanga Brett A. , David Cédric H. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Hamlington Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSaltwater intrusion is a critical concern for coastal communities due to its impacts on fresh ecosystems and civil infrastructure. Declining recharge and rising sea level are the two dominant drivers of saltwater intrusion along the land‐ocean continuum, but there are currently no global estimates of future saltwater intrusion that synthesize these two spatially variable processes. Here, for the first time, we provide a novel assessment of global saltwater intrusion risk by integrating future recharge and sea level rise while considering the unique geology and topography of coastal regions. We show that nearly 77% of global coastal areas below 60° north will undergo saltwater intrusion by 2100, with different dominant drivers. Climate‐driven changes in subsurface water replenishment (recharge) is responsible for the high‐magnitude cases of saltwater intrusion, whereas sea level rise and coastline migration are responsible for the global pervasiveness of saltwater intrusion and have a greater effect on low‐lying areas.
Inequity in Population Exposure to Accelerated Warming
Authors: Sengupta Aditya , King Andrew D. , Ryan Robert G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent temperature records have triggered debate about whether global warming is accelerating. Here, we examine for acceleration and explore possible causes for regional differences using gridded surface temperature data. We find that global and regional warming is accelerating, and on average, regions with low Human Development Index (HDI) experienced much higher accelerated warming in comparison to regions with high HDI. However, some regions of low HDI with a large population experienced slow acceleration due to high local aerosol emissions. Since aerosol negative forcing impacts are short‐lived and localized, rapid future reduction of aerosol emissions without a concurrent reduction in GHG emissions could have major compounding impacts. Such a pathway, similar to most 21st century scenarios, could expose a large fraction of the world's most vulnerable people to sudden warming acceleration and heat stress associated impacts. These results call for targeted climate adaptation strategies directing attention to low‐socioeconomic aerosol masked regions.