bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using subdural strip electrodes to define functional sensory nerves and the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris during detethering surgeries for tethered cord syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Chen-Ya , Liang Muh-Lii , Chen Hsin-Hung , Chiu Jan-Wei , Liao Kwong-Kum , Yang Tsui-Fen 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using subdural strip electrodes, placed just rostral to the surgical field, to record sensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from the lumbosacral sensory nerves and define the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris during detethering surgery for spinal dysraphism and/or tethered cord syndrome (TCS).METHODSSix patients, 2 boys and 4 girls, aged 0.5 to 16 years, were enrolled in this study. One patient had lipomyelomeningocele-related, 4 had myelomeningocele-related, and 1 had diastematomyelia and lipomyelomeningocele-related TCS. In addition to the routine preparations that are needed for performing functional mapping and monitoring during surgery for spinal dysraphism and TCS, the patients had a 1 × 4 strip of electrodes placed rostral to the surgical field, where it was secured by a surgeon after opening the dura. With the patient under total intravenous anesthesia, the sensory nerves and conus medullaris were stimulated with a concentric bipolar electrode over the surgical field while SEPs were recorded with the strip electrodes to identify any possible sensory roots with remaining function and the most inferior functional portion of the conus medullaris.RESULTSThe SEP amplitudes that were recorded with the subdural strip electrodes ranged from 4 to 400 μV, and the responses to sensory nerve stimulation were frequently much larger than were those to conus stimulation. Use of the SEP recordings for sensory mapping along with the routine mapping and monitoring techniques allowed detethering to be completed such that none of the patients sustained any new functional deficit after surgery.CONCLUSIONSRecording SEPs from the functional sensory nerves and conus medullaris through subdural strip electrodes proved to be a feasible and valuable tool during detethering surgery in young patients. This approach may help surgeons achieve maximal detethering while preserving important sensory functions, consequently retaining the patient’s quality of life.
Intensive care resources required to care for critically ill children with focal intracranial infections
Authors: Lovett Marlina E. , Shah Zubin S. , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa , Sribnick Eric , Ostendorf Adam , Chung Melissa G. , Leonard Jeffrey , O’Brien Nicole F. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEFocal intracranial infections such as intraparenchymal abscesses or localized infections in the epidural or subdural spaces are relatively rare infections associated with both morbidity and mortality in children. Although children with these infections frequently require surgical intervention, there is a paucity of literature describing the critical care resources required to manage these cases. This retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the resources necessary to care for critically ill children with focal intracranial infections at the authors’ institution.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective chart review of cases at their institution by using ICD-9/10 codes to identify children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for either intracranial abscess or extradural and subdural abscess between 2006 and 2016. All notes, medication administration records, laboratory/imaging results, vital signs, microbiological data, and electroencephalogram results were reviewed. Data were extracted to determine the utilization of the following resources: mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medications, and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The presence of intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema, seizure, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were noted. Pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC) score was determined based upon the neurological exam at discharge.RESULTSA total of 45 children met the inclusion criteria. Their median age was 9 years (IQR 3–14 years). The incidence of focal intracranial infections in children admitted to the PICU was 0.68/1000 PICU admissions in 2006 and 2.81/1000 admissions in 2016. Thirty-nine children (86.7%) underwent neurosurgical intervention. Twenty patients (44%) required invasive mechanical ventilation, 7 (15.6%) received vasoactive medications, and 11 (24%) had an ICP monitor. Clinical seizures were detected in 12 children, including 2 who had both clinical and subclinical seizures; 1 child had subclinical seizures only. Eight children (17.8%) developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The median PCPC score was 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–3). The median PICU length of stay was 6.4 days (IQR 2.2–10.2 days). Children with seizures had a significantly longer hospital LOS than children without seizure.CONCLUSIONSIn this single-center, retrospective study, critical care needs for children with focal intracranial infections varied. Most frequently, patients required close neurological monitoring, and almost half required invasive mechanical ventilation. Future studies should focus on further elucidating the resources required to care for these children as well as detecting factors to identify those children most at risk for complications.
FİLM ENDÜSTRİSİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: 2005:Q1-2016:Q2 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE FİLM ENDÜSTRİSİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KIRANKABEŞ Mustafa Cem , YORULMAZ Hikmet 
Published: July 2018

Türkiye sinema
sektörü, son 10 yılda artan film sayısı
ve seyirci sayısı ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu durum doğal olarak sinema filmi hâsılatlarına
yansımaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu sektörün ekonomiyi etkileyebilecek düzeyde büyük
bir piyasa olup olmadığı sorusu gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de
sinema filmi hâsılatlarının ekonomik büyümeyi ne ölçüde etkilediği
araştırılmıştır. Dickey Fuller (Augmented Dickey Fuller-ADF) ve Philips-Perron
(PP) birim kök testleri ve Toda- Yamamoto Nedensellik analizlerinin yapıldığı
çalışmamızda, Reel Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hâsıla ile toplam yerli ve yabancı film hâsılatları
verileri kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan veriler Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası
ve Box Office Türkiye web sitelerinden temin edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler
neticesinde Türkiye sinema filmi hâsılatları ile ekonomik büyüme arasında tek
yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
İŞYERİ KABALIĞININ ÇALIŞAN PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Küçük Özlem , Çakıcı Ayşehan 
Published: July 2018

Çalışma yaşamında ast ve
üstler sürekli olarak biçimsel ve biçimsel olmayan iletişim ve ilişki
içindedirler. Bu ilişkide, işyerinde yaşanan kabalıkların çalışanın
performansına yansıması yadsınamaz bir durumdur. Bu nedenle araştırmada; işyeri
kabalığının çalışan performansına etkisi belirlenmek istenmiştir. Veriler,
işyeri kabalığı ve çalışan performansı ölçeklerini içeren, yazına dayalı
geliştirilen bir anket ile derlenmiştir. Anket, 2017 yılı Ocak-Mart ayları
arasında, yüz yüze ve e-posta yoluyla, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak
uygulanmıştır. Örneklemi, Mersin
ilindeki kamu ve özel sektör kurumlarında çalışan 477 kişi oluşturmuştur.
Verilerin analizinde; tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra faktör ve çoklu
regresyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. İşyeri kabalığının çalışan
davranışını olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Yönetici kabalığının çalışan
performansını olumsuz yönde etkilerken, iş arkadaşlarının kabalığının anlamlı
bir etkisi olmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Makale işyerinde kaba davranışın
önlenmesini yönetimin bir görevi olduğu vurgusu ve buna ilişkin önerilerle son
bulmaktadır.
Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium impacts asymptomatic peripheral neuromuscular denervation in the mutant superoxide dismutase (G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Walker Chandler L. , Meadows Rena M. , Merfeld-Clauss Stephanie , Du Yansheng , March Keith L. , Jones Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is devastating, leading to paralysis and death. Disease onset begins pre-symptomatically through spinal motor neuron (MN) axon die-back from musculature at ∼47 days of age in the mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1G93A) transgenic ALS mouse model. This period may be optimal to assess potential therapies. We previously demonstrated that post-symptomatic adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ASC-CM) treatment is neuroprotective in mSOD1G93A mice. We hypothesized that early disease onset treatment could ameliorate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disruption. Objective: To determine whether pre-symptom administration of ASC-CM prevents early NMJ disconnection. Methods: We confirmed the NMJ denervation time course in mSOD1G93A mice using co-labeling of neurofilament and post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AchR) by α-bungarotoxin. We determined whether ASC-CM ameliorates early NMJ loss in mSOD1G93A mice by systemically administering 200μl ASC-CM or vehicle medium daily from post-natal days 35 to 47 and quantifying intact NMJs through co-labeling of neurofilament and synaptophysin with α-bungarotoxin in gastrocnemius muscle. Results: Intact NMJs were significantly decreased in 47 day old mSOD1G93A mice ( p < 0.05), and daily systemic ASC-CM prevented disease-induced NMJ denervation compared to vehicle treated mice ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results lay the foundation for testing the long-term neurological benefits of systemic ASC-CM therapy in the mSOD1G93A mouse model of ALS.
Pratiques intégrées de lecture et d'écriture
Authors: Halté Jean-François 
Published: July 2018

Le coeur de cet article est constitué de deux propositions d’atelier d’écriture lecture. Il s’agit, respectivement, d’écrire dans Candide pour mieux le lire, et de
réécrire Jules Verne dans une perspective d’amélioration. Les activités sont conçues dans une perspective de rééquilibrage du lire et de l’écrire, l’écrire étant essentiellement envisagé ici comme une technique favorisant une compréhension fine des textes-source. Ces variations sur l’écriture-imitation, sont présentées dans un format « clés en main » , permettant une exploitation relativement facile et modeste dans des classes de troisième. Elles sont introduites par un exposé des motifs concernant l’articulation du lire et de l’écrire, puis par une présentation des enjeux de l’imitation pour la lecture. Les activités sont aussi commentées de manière à faire apparaître les attendus didactiques et pédagogiques spécifiques qui les justifient. Les textes d’escorte, de manière générale, incitent à dépasser les versions liminaires proposées vers une didactique intégrée de l’écrit, à lire et à produire.
La paraphrase dans le commentaire littéraire
Authors: Daunay Bertrand 
Published: July 2018

La paraphrase stigmatise au lycée ce qui est caractérisé comme une erreur
dans le commentaire de texte littéraire. L'article analyse les causes et les formes de cet interdit tout en faisant apparaître l'impossibilité de définir rigoureusement ce que l'on appelle paraphrase. Des propositions didactiques sont faites pour aider les élèves à se faire une représentation plus efficace du commentaire de texte littéraire.
RE- et les différentes manifestations de l’itérativité
Authors: Apothéloz Denis 
Published: July 2018

Cet article se présente comme une étude des aspects sémantiques, lexicaux et morphophonologiques de la préfixation RE-en français. Du point de vue sémantique, l’approche adoptée consiste à postuler que RE peut être ramené, par-delà les nombreux effets de sens qu’il produit dans le lexique, à un unique foncteur mono-argumental, intuitivement représentable par la glose « à nouveau (x) » . La diversité des valeurs sémantiques qu’il produit s’explique alors par le type de l’information susceptible d’instancier la variable x de ce foncteur. L’examen de quelques cas types conduit à distinguer au moins quatre situations, nommées ici : (i) itération du procès, (ii) itération de l’événement, (iii) itération de l’activité, et (iv) itération d’un paramètre du verbe base. Ces quatre situations rendent compte des deux classes majeures d’effets de sens engendrés par RE : les sens itératifs (situations (i), (ii) et (iii)) et les sens annulatifs (situation (iv)). Du point de vue lexical, le schème constructionnel marqué par RE-est associé, à travers ses effets de sens annulatifs, à la relation d’antonymie directionnelle. Cette relation engendre des sortes de micro-systèmes lexicaux. On montre qu’il convient de distinguer deux types d’antonymes directionnels, nommés ici « antonymes lexicaux » et « antonymes discursifs » . Seuls les antonymes discursifs (type monter VS redescendre) dépendent de RE-. Ils sont discursifs en ceci qu’ils comportent une dimension intrinsèquement anaphorique. Du point de vue morphophonologique, RE-présente un double fait variationnel : d’une part une allomorphie au sens classique du terme ; d’autre part un phénomène de morphème « opportuniste » , n’apparaissant que dans un environnement morphophonologique particulier : une base débutant par une voyelle (type ré-insérer). Ce morphème présente la caractéristique d’exclure les valeurs annulatives. Cet ensemble de propriétés, qu’on retrouve presque à l’identique dans la préfixation négative IN-, permet de conclure à l’existence de deux morphèmes
RE-. Ces deux variantes de RE-correspondent à ce qu’on appelle parfois, en morphologie constructionnelle, « affixe primaire » et « affixe secondaire ».
Inside-out Planet Formation. V. Structure of the Inner Disk as Implied by the MRI
Authors: Mohanty Subhanjoy , Jankovic Marija R. , Tan Jonathan C. , Owen James E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The ubiquity of Earth- to super-Earth-sized planets found very close to their host stars has motivated in situ formation models. In particular, inside-out planet formation is a scenario in which planets coalesce sequentially in the disk, at the local gas pressure maximum near the inner boundary of the dead zone. The pressure maximum arises from a decline in viscosity, going from the active innermost disk (where thermal ionization yields high viscosities via the magnetorotational instability [MRI]) to the adjacent dead zone (where the MRI is quenched). Previous studies of the pressure maximum, based on α-disk models, have assumed ad hoc values for the viscosity parameter α in the active zone, ignoring the detailed MRI physics. Here we explicitly couple the MRI criteria to the α-disk equations, to find steady-state solutions for the disk structure. We consider both Ohmic and ambipolar resistivities, a range of disk accretion rates (10−10–10−8 M
⊙ yr−1), stellar masses (0.1–1 M
⊙), and fiducial values of the non-MRI α-viscosity in the dead zone (α
DZ = 10−5 to 10−3). We find that (1) a midplane pressure maximum forms radially outside the dead zone inner boundary; (2) Hall resistivity dominates near the inner disk midplane, perhaps explaining why close-in planets do not form in ∼50% of systems; (3) X-ray ionization can compete with thermal ionization in the inner disk, because of the low steady-state surface density there; and (4) our inner disks are viscously unstable to surface density perturbations.
Radial Migration of Gap-opening Planets in Protoplanetary Disks. I. The Case of a Single Planet
Authors: Kanagawa Kazuhiro D. , Tanaka Hidekazu , Szuszkiewicz Ewa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A large planet orbiting a star in a protoplanetary disk opens a density gap along its orbit due to the strong disk–planet interaction and migrates with the gap in the disk. It is expected that in the ideal case, a gap-opening planet migrates at the viscous drift speed, which is referred to as type II migration. However, recent hydrodynamic simulations have shown that, in general, the gap-opening planet is not locked to the viscous disk evolution. A new physical model is required to explain the migration speed of such a planet. For this reason, we re-examined the migration of a planet in the disk, by carrying out the two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in a wide parameter range. We have found that the torque exerted on the gap-opening planet depends on the surface density at the bottom of the gap. The planet migration slows down as the surface density of the bottom of the gap decreases. Using the gap model developed in our previous studies, we have constructed an empirical formula of the migration speed of the gap-opening planets, which is consistent with the results given by the hydrodynamic simulations performed by us and other researchers. Our model easily explains why the migration speed of the gap-opening planets can be faster than the viscous gas drift speed. It can also predict the planet mass at which the type I migration is no longer adequate due to the gap development in the disk, providing a gap formation criterion based on planetary migration.
Resonant Scattering Effect on the Soft X-Ray Line Emission from the Hot Interstellar Medium. I. Galactic Bulges
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Q. Daniel , Zhang Gao-Yuan , Zhang Shuinai , Ji Li 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Diffuse soft X-ray line emission is commonly used to trace the thermal and chemical properties of the hot interstellar medium, as well as its content, in nearby galaxies. Although resonant-line scattering complicates the interpretation of the emission, it also offers an opportunity to measure the kinematics of the medium. We have implemented a direct Monte Carlo simulation scheme that enables us to account for the resonant scattering (RS) effect in the medium, in principle, with arbitrary spatial, thermal, chemical, and kinematic distributions. Here we apply this scheme via dimensionless calculation to an isothermal, chemically uniform, and spherically symmetric medium with a radial density distribution characterized by a β-model. This application simultaneously accounts for both optical depth-dependent spatial distortion and intensity change of the resonant-line emission due to the scattering, consistent with previous calculations. We further apply the modeling scheme to the O vii and O viii emission line complex observed in the XMM-Newton RGS spectrum of the M31 bulge. This modeling, although with various limitations due to its simplicity, shows that the RS could indeed account for much of the spatial distortion of the emission, as well as the relative intensities of the lines, especially the large forbidden-to-resonant-line ratio of the O vii Heα triplet. We estimate the isotropic turbulence Mach number of the medium in M31 as ∼0.17 for the first time and the line-emitting gas temperature as ∼2.3 × 106 K. We conclude that the RS may in general play an important role in shaping the soft X-ray spectra of diffuse hot gas in normal galaxies.
Mapping the Real Space Distributions of Galaxies in SDSS DR7. II. Measuring the Growth Rate, Clustering Amplitude of Matter, and Biases of Galaxies at Redshift 0.1
Authors: Shi Feng , Yang Xiaohu , Wang Huiyuan , Zhang Youcai , Mo H. J. , Bosch Frank C. van den , Luo Wentao , Tweed Dylan , Li Shijie , Liu Chengze , Lu Yi , Yang Lei 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We extend the real-space mapping method developed in Shi et al. so that it can be applied to flux-limited galaxy samples. We use an ensemble of mock catalogs to demonstrate the reliability of this extension, showing that it allows for an accurate recovery of the real-space correlation functions and galaxy biases. We also demonstrate that, using an iterative method applied to intermediate-scale clustering data, we can obtain an unbiased estimate of the growth rate of structure

, which is related to the clustering amplitude of matter, to an accuracy of ∼10%. Applying this method to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7), we construct a real-space galaxy catalog spanning the redshift range 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 0.2, which contains 584,473 galaxies in the northern Galactic cap. Using these data, we infer

at a median redshift z = 0.1, which is consistent with the WMAP9 cosmology at the 1σ level. By combining this measurement with the real-space clustering of galaxies and with galaxy–galaxy weak lensing measurements for the same sets of galaxies, we are able to break the degeneracy between f, σ
8, and b. From the SDSS DR7 data alone, we obtain the following cosmological constraints at redshift z = 0.1: f =

, σ
8 =

, and b =

,

,

, and

for galaxies within different absolute magnitude bins

, [−22, 0, −21.0], [−21.0, −20.0], and [−20.0, −19.0], respectively.
The Impact of Stellar Distances on Habitable Zone Planets
Authors: Kane Stephen R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Among the most highly valued of exoplanetary discoveries are those of terrestrial planets found to reside within the habitable zone (HZ) of the host star. In particular, those HZ planets with relatively bright host stars will serve as priority targets for characterization observations, such as those involving mass determinations, transmission spectroscopy, and direct imaging. The properties of the star are greatly affected by the distance measurement to the star, and subsequent changes to the luminosity result in revisions to the extent of the HZ and the properties of the planet. This is particularly relevant in the realm of Gaia, which has released updated stellar parallaxes for the known exoplanet host stars. Here we provide a generalized formulation of the effect of distance on planetary system properties, including the HZ. We apply this methodology to three known systems and show that the recent Gaia Data Release 2 distances have a modest effect for TRAPPIST-1 but a relatively severe effect for Kepler-186 and LHS 1140.
Accaparement des terres ou investissements agricoles bénéfiques ?
Authors: Schlimmer Sina 
Published: July 2018

Resume L’expansion de l’investissement foncier étranger en Afrique depuis les années 2000 a été progressivement constituée comme un problème public international. Oscillant entre l’argument des opportunités économiques et un discours critique sur les risques de l’accaparement foncier, le débat international structure le problème comme une question de développement homogène à l’Afrique. À travers l’exemple de la controverse sur l’accaparement des terres en Tanzanie, pays cible de la vague d’investissement étranger, cet article s’intéresse à la traduction nationale et à la politisation du problème public. Nous défendons la thèse que les processus de réappropriation des discours internationaux sur le « land grabbing » doivent être lus au regard du contexte politique et historique national. Cette articulation de l’analyse discursive et de la sociologie historique de l’État est effectuée à travers deux entrées. D’une part, nous argumentons que le débat sur l’accaparement remobilise l’héritage d’un secteur foncier régulé par l’État. D’autre part, les éléments discursifs de ce débat réactivent des thématiques intrinsèques à la construction de la nation postindépendance, telles que la question des étrangers et de la corruption.
Taux de change euro/dollar
Authors: Blot Christophe , Hubert Paul , Odry Rémi 
Published: July 2018

Cette étude analyse les effets différenciés des politiques monétaires de la BCE et de la Réserve fédérale sur l’évolution du taux de change euro/dollar. Deux types d’effets sont quantifiés : l’effet de signal lié à l’annonce des politiques monétaires et l’effet macroéconomique lié à la mise en œuvre de celle-ci. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que l’effet de signal des décisions de la Réserve fédérale serait plus important que celui associé aux décisions de la BCE mais que les chocs de politique monétaire en zone euro se traduiraient par une réaction plus forte du taux de change euro/dollar.