bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implications of UCP1 mRNA Expression in Human Cervical Adipose Tissue Under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Lee Ju Hee , Kim Ji Min , Choi Min Jeong , Kang Yea Eun , Joung Kyoung Hye , Yi Hyon‐Seung , Kim Koon Soon , Ku Bon Jeong , Koo Bon Seok , Shong Minho , Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe clinical implications of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated based on the analysis of cervical adipose tissue gene expression under normal physiological conditions.MethodsMatched‐pair specimens of adipose tissue (AT) were collected from beneath the incision plane (subcutaneous AT) and from the area surrounding the carotid sheath (carotid AT) from 60 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The mRNA expression of BAT‐associated genes in these tissues was examined, and this expression was correlated with the clinical characteristics of the subjects.ResultsThe UCP1 mRNA level was significantly higher in the carotid AT than in the subcutaneous AT. There was an inverse correlation between subject age and the ratio of UCP1 mRNA expression in the carotid AT relative to the subcutaneous AT, which is a measure of BAT activity (r = −0.459; P = 0.004), and there was a negative correlation between BMI and the ratio of UCP1 mRNA expression in subjects with higher BAT activity (r = −0.532; P = 0.016).ConclusionsUCP1 was identified as the only marker of cervical BAT in humans. There was a negative correlation between obesity and BAT activity in subjects with higher BAT activity, although BAT activity decreased with age.
Treatment of retinoblastoma in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Experience of the paediatric oncology unit at Gabriel Toure Teaching Hospital and the Institute of African Tropical Ophthalmology, Bamako, Mali
Authors: Traoré Fousseyni , Sylla Fatou , Togo Boubacar , Kamaté Bakarou , Diabaté Konimba , Diakité Abdoul Aziz , Diall Hawa , Dicko Fatoumata , Sylla Mariam , Bey Pierre , Desjardins Laurence , Gagnepain‐Lacheteau Anne , Coze Carole , Harif Mhamed , Doz François 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular primary malignancy in children. In industrialised countries, the cure rate is about 95%. We present the results of a prospective study on the management of Rb in the paediatric oncology unit of Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital and African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, from November 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015.ProcedureThe aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the treatment of localised Rb, ocular prosthesis after enucleation, conservative management for bilateral Rb as well as survival rates in all patients. Patients with early stage Rb at diagnosis were included. The treatment was performed according to the retinoblastoma treatment guidelines of the French‐African Paediatric Oncology Group.ResultsEighty‐eight patients were included in the study. Sex ratio was 1:1 (M = 44, F = 44). Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (range: 2 months–5 years). Unilateral intraocular Rb was predominant (n = 50; 56.8%). Conservative treatments were performed on nine eyes in nine patients. Overall survival and event‐free survival of the entire cohort at the end of 4 years were 73% (95% CI 60.8–81.2%) and 59% (95% CI 47.9–69.5%), respectively, with a median follow‐up of 3.7 years (0.1–5.6 years). In conclusion, early enucleation in early stage of Rb can improve outcomes in resource‐limited countries. Delayed enucleation and refusal of adherence to treatment are still major concerns and remain a barrier to improving overall patient survival.
Autism spectrum disorder assessment and evaluation research in 10 school psychology journals from 2007 to 2017
Authors: McClain Maryellen Brunson , Otero Tiffany L. , Haverkamp Cassity R. , Molsberry Fiona 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchool psychologists are increasingly engaged in service provisions for students eligible for special education services under the eligibility category of autism, including conducting school‐based assessments and evaluations. Evaluations occur for a variety of reasons such as special education eligibility decision‐making, treatment and intervention planning, and progress monitoring. Publications in school psychology journals emphasizing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and evaluation are vital to quality training and practitioner utilization of quality practices. In the current study, researchers conducted a systematic review of publicaftions in 10 school psychology journals from 2007 to 2017 to assess the current state of ASD assessment and evaluation research in the field of school psychology. Implications for researchers, trainers, and practitioners are discussed.
Perspectives of adolescent girls with cystic fibrosis and parents on disease‐specific sexual and reproductive health education
Authors: Kazmerski Traci M. , Hill Kelsey , Prushinskaya Olga , Nelson Eliza , Greenberg Jonathan , Pitts Sarah AB , Borrero Sonya , Miller Elizabeth , Sawicki Gregory S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls with cystic fibrosis (CF) face significant disease‐specific sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns that are not typically addressed in routine clinical care. Additionally, there is a paucity of developmentally appropriate CF‐specific SRH educational resources for this population. The goal of this study was to explore patient and parent attitudes toward SRH educational resources for adolescent girls with CF.MethodsAdolescent girls ages 13‐18 years with CF and parents of daughters ages 10‐18 years with CF completed individual, semi‐structured interviews regarding their experiences and preferences around CF‐specific SRH education and care. To facilitate discussion, participants provided feedback on the format and design of existing SRH educational resources. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe interviewed 26 participants (14 parents and 12 patients). The majority reported they had never discussed SRH in the CF care setting. All participants preferred a comprehensive, online patient educational resource complemented by real patient stories and interactive components. Participants noted that such resources should create a sense of normalcy and community around CF and female SRH. Most desired more frequent communication around SRH between adolescent girls with CF and their healthcare providers as a way to promote SRH knowledge, decision making, and health outcomes.DiscussionAdolescent girls with CF and their parents desire an online patient educational resource that normalizes SRH and enhances patient‐provider communication around these topics. Creation of developmentally appropriate resources would facilitate improved health outcomes around this aspect of comprehensive care in CF.
Analyzing the effect of derivatives on the financial soundness of commercial banks in Italy: An approach based on the CAMELS framework
Authors: Keffala Mohamed Rochdi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractItalian economy is among the biggest economies in the Europe which suffered from the repercussions of the global financial crisis during this last decade. The weakness of Italian banking system coincides with the common debate about the implication of derivatives in the distress of banks’ soundness. Thus, the aim of our research is to examine the effect of derivative instruments on the banks’ soundness in Italy. To reach our goal, the CAMELS approach is employed to define the soundness of Italian commercial banks. To overcome the endogeneity issue of variables, an appropriate econometric procedure, namely the dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM system) is applied using data from 22 commercial banks in Italy over the period 2005–2015. Explanatory variables are defined by derivative instruments (forwards, swaps, options, and futures), bank‐specific variable (bank's size as non‐CAMELS variable), industry‐specific variables (CR3, CR5, and HHI as indicators of bank's sector and market concentrations), and country‐specific variables (GDP and inflation). The main results reveal that the majority of the CAMELS indicators are favorably affected by derivative instruments especially forwards and options. The most important conclusion is that using derivative instruments does not threaten the financial soundness of commercial banks in Italy. As major implication decision‐makers and experts—after the global financial crisis—should not consider derivatives in part as responsible of the fragility of the Italian banking system.
Mechanical Property of Hydrogels Regulated by Different Ratios of Latex Particles and Hydrophobic Segments
Authors: Li Siliang , Dai Jinlan , Gao Guanghui , Ren Xiuyan , Xia Shan , Gao Yang , Wang Qing , Duan Lijie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe introduction of latex particles into hydrogels has been proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the mechanical strength. For latex particles toughened hydrogels, however, the effect of crosslinking ways from latex particles and hydrophobic segments on the mechanical property has not been clearly explored. In this investigation, different ratios of latex particles and hydrophobic segments were introduced into hydrogels and the crosslinking ways included latex particles filling, hydrophobic segment aggregation induced by latex particles, simultaneous latex particles and polymeric micelles. The mechanical property was measured via stretching, loading‐unloading process, compression and rheology. Subsequently, an energy dissipation model was established and the theoretical results were proved to be consistent with the experimental tests. As a result, it was envisioned that the theoretical model could predicted mechanical predictability for a new generation of latex particles hydrogels.
The seasonal trophic link between Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis reared for mass release
Authors: Takai Noriyuki , Kawabe Koh , Togura Kenta , Kawasaki Kentaro , Kuwae Tomohiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe feeding ecology of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) during the breeding season in the Kano River basin, central Japan, was examined to clarify the trophic relationship between the cormorants and ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) reared for mass release in the river. The ayu was most frequently found in stomachs of cormorants culled during the breeding season, despite relatively poor catch in the year‐round fish fauna research in the watershed. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of some ayu individuals extracted from the stomachs of the culled cormorants were similar to the isotopic values of ayu caught in the watershed, whereas the other stomach‐content ayu showed peculiarly high nitrogen isotopic values, clearly distinct from the values of the ayu caught in the watershed, and overlapped with the values of mass‐release ayu. Furthermore, isotopic values of past diets inferred by the isotope analysis of livers of the culled cormorants were closer to the values of the mass‐release ayu, relative to the past diet values inferred by the analysis of the cormorant muscles. This suggests that the food supply from the mass‐release ayu had increased in the breeding season, since the isotopic turnover rate is faster in livers than in muscles. The huge number of formula‐fed ayu released in the watershed create an anthropogenic food chain which is assumed to significantly support the breeding of the cormorants.
Stiff Person Syndrome With Evidence of Nonspecific Focal Myositis Secondary to Sustained Muscle Contraction: A Case Report
Authors: No Seung‐Wook , Im Il‐Kyu , Kim Du Hwan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neuroimmunological disorder characterized by progressive muscular rigidity and spasms that affect axial and limb muscles. There have been a few reports that patients with SPS had evidences of polymyositis. There have been no clear explanations about the characteristics of polymyositis in SPS. We report the case of a 36‐year‐old woman with SPS in association with nonspecific focal myositis secondary to sustained muscle contraction. She presented with stiffness and pain in her extremities, and diazepam and baclofen were ineffective. With immunotherapy, her serum creatinine kinase levels reduced; however, her clinical symptoms progressively worsened.Level of EvidenceV
Adapting the Harris Matrix for Software Stratigraphy
Authors: Reinhard Andrew 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn 1979, Edward C. Harris invented and published his eponymous matrix for visualizing stratigraphy, creating an indispensable tool for generations of archaeologists. When presenting his matrix, Harris also detailed his four laws of archaeological stratigraphy: superposition, original horizontal, original continuity, and stratigraphic succession. In 2017, I created the first stratigraphic matrix for software, using as a test the 2016 video game No Man's Sky (Hello Games). Software (games or otherwise) obeys all four of Harris's laws, software applications/programs themselves being digital archaeological sites. I study the archaeology of the recent past, which includes digital technology, specifically that which is ephemeral: software. This article describes my underlying theory of software stratigraphy and explains how (and why) the Harris matrix is appropriate for documenting software development in a visual way. The article includes my complete data set as well as screen captures, plus overall and detail photos of my hand-drawn software matrix prototype, followed by a bullet-pointed how-to guide for others to use when documenting the history of any computer program. I also include Harris's personal comments that he shared with me after reviewing my preliminary results.
A CONSTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF A RUSSELL-STYLE RAMIFIED TYPE THEORY
Authors: PALMGREN ERIK 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article we examine the natural interpretation of a ramified type hierarchy into Martin-Löf type theory with an infinite sequence of universes. It is shown that under this predicative interpretation some useful special cases of Russell’s reducibility axiom are valid, namely functional reducibility. This is sufficient to make the type hierarchy usable for development of constructive mathematical analysis in the style of Bishop. We present a ramified type theory suitable for this purpose. One may regard the results of this article as an alternative solution to the problem of the proliferation of levels of real numbers in Russell’s theory, which avoids impredicativity, but instead imposes constructive logic. The intuitionistic ramified type theory introduced here also suggests that there is a natural associated notion of predicative elementary topos.
The ‘Last Hurrah of the Reigning Darwinulocopines’? Ostracoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, Arizona and Utah, USA
Authors: Antonietto Lucas S. , Park Boush Lisa E. , Suarez Celina A. , Milner Andrew R.C. , Kirkland James I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn ostracode fauna is described from lacustrine sediments of the Hettangian, Lower Jurassic, Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation. The Moenave is well known for its rich, Late Triassic?–Early Jurassic fossil record, which includes fossil fishes, stromatolites, ostracodes, spinicaudatans, and a diverse ichnofauna of invertebrates and vertebrates. Four ostracode species, all belonging to the suborder Darwinulocopina, were recovered from these sediments:Suchonellina globosa,S. stricta,Whipplella? sp. 1, andW.? sp. 2. The diversity and composition of the Whitmore Point Member ostracode fauna agree with previous interpretations about Lake Dixie and nearby paleoenvironments as shallow lakes inhabited by darwinulocopine species that survived the effects of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the subsequent end-Triassic extinction and quickly recolonized these areas, thanks to asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis. The Lake Dixie region, in its geographical isolation, could represent the last episode of darwinulocopine dominance in nonmarine environments before the Late Jurassic diversification of the cypridocopine/cytherocopine modern ostracodes.
Fine Water: A Blind Taste Test
Authors: Capehart Kevin W. , Berg Elena C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo test whether consumers can distinguish among different bottled waters and, if so, whether they prefer some to others, we recruited more than 100 subjects to participate in a blind taste test that consisted of four brands of bottled water featured in a restaurant's water menu and a guidebook to fine waters. The tasting involved three successive experiments. First, our subjects tried to distinguish bottled waters in a sensory discrimination test. They were only slightly better than random chance at doing so. Next, they rated bottled waters and tap water on a 14-point scale used at an international water competition. Some subjects preferred the inexpensive tap water to any of the bottled waters, and there was no association or a weak negative association between a bottled water's price and its rating. Finally, our subjects tried to distinguish tap from bottled water while matching the bottled waters to expert descriptions. They were no better than random chance at doing either of those things. Similar results have been found in previous taste tests of beer and wine. Overall, our results suggest consumers do not have strong preferences over different bottled waters to the extent they can even tell a difference. (JEL Classifications: D12, Q25)
Divergence in nutrient concentration, in vitro degradation and gas production potential of spineless cactus genotypes selected for insect resistance
Authors: Santos R. D. , Neves A. L. A. , Santos D. C. , Pereira L. G. R. , Gonçalves L. C. , Ferreira A. L. , Costa C. T. F. , Araujo G. G. L. , Scherer C. B. , Sollenberger L. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractForage cactus is an important dry-season feed source for livestock in semi-arid regions, but in north-eastern Brazil, its contribution is limited by susceptibility to the carmine cochineal [Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell)] insect. New cactus germplasm shows superior agronomic performance, but the nutritive value of this material has not been adequately described. The objective of the current study was to assess the divergence in chemical composition and rate and extent of in vitro degradation of these genotypes. The treatments were 13 spineless cactus genotypes, eight of which were insect resistant types, two semi-resistant and three susceptible to the carmine cochineal. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and were replicated three times. Nutritional divergence was assessed using canonical variate analysis and hierarchical agglomerative clustering, using the variables: crude protein, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, degradation rate and potential dry matter degradation. Five distinct nutritional groups were identified: Group I (OO), Group II (F-13 and F-15), Group III (OEA, OEM, COP, IPA 20 and GG), Group IV (V-16 and F-08) and Group V (Miuda, IS and F-21). Group II (F-13 and F-15; resistant genotypes) showed a chemical composition degradability in vitro suggesting it may have the greatest nutritive value as ruminant feed, while Group I had the least. Spineless cactus genotypes resistant to the carmine cochineal showed nutritional characteristics similar to or better than traditionally used cactus genotypes, such as Gigante and IPA 20, which can expand the range of options for using this forage.
Tibet's Minority Languages: Diversity and endangerment
Authors: ROCHE GERALD , SUZUKI HIROYUKI 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAsia is the world's most linguistically diverse continent and its diversity largely conforms to established global patterns that correlate linguistic diversity with biodiversity, latitude, and topography. However, one Asian region stands out as an anomaly in these patterns—Tibet, which is often portrayed as linguistically homogenous. A growing body of research now suggests that Tibet is linguistically diverse. In this article, we examine this literature in an attempt to quantify Tibet's linguistic diversity. We focus on the minority languages of Tibet—languages that are neither Chinese nor Tibetan. We provide five different estimates of how many minority languages are spoken in Tibet. We also interrogate these sources for clues about language endangerment among Tibet's minority languages and propose a sociolinguistic categorization of Tibet's minority languages that enables broad patterns of language endangerment to be perceived. Appendices include lists of the languages identified in each of our five estimates, along with references to key sources on each language. Our survey found that as many as 60 minority languages may be spoken in Tibet and that the majority of these languages are endangered to some degree. We hope our contribution inspires further research into the predicament of Tibet's minority languages and helps support community efforts to maintain and revitalize these languages.
Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality predict next-day suicidal ideation: an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Littlewood Donna L. , Kyle Simon D. , Carter Lesley-Anne , Peters Sarah , Pratt Daniel , Gooding Patricia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems are a modifiable risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Yet, sparse research has examined temporal relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and psychological factors implicated in suicide, such as entrapment. This is the first in-the-moment investigation of relationships between suicidal ideation, objective and subjective sleep parameters, and perceptions of entrapment.MethodsFifty-one participants with current suicidal ideation completed week-long ecological momentary assessments. An actigraph watch was worn for the duration of the study, which monitored total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency. Daily sleep diaries captured subjective ratings of the same sleep parameters, with the addition of sleep quality. Suicidal ideation and entrapment were measured at six quasi-random time points each day. Multi-level random intercept models and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the links between sleep, entrapment, and suicidal ideation, adjusting for anxiety and depression severity.ResultsAnalyses revealed a unidirectional relationship whereby short sleep duration (both objective and subjective measures), and poor sleep quality, predicted the higher severity of next-day suicidal ideation. However, there was no significant association between daytime suicidal ideation and sleep the following night. Sleep quality moderated the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening levels of suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report night-to-day relationships between sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, and entrapment. Findings suggest that sleep quality may alter the strength of the relationship between pre-sleep entrapment and awakening suicidal ideation. Clinically, results underscore the importance of assessing and treating sleep disturbance when working with those experiencing suicidal ideation.