bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Study of Good, Bad and Ugly Modular Engineering Solutions in Machinery Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Juuti Tero , Pakkanen Jarkko , Lehtonen Timo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the product structuring principles chosen in modular product families and the business results of companies. In the three case studies of the article, it can be seen that products that meet the modularity definitions discussed in the literature have been able to utilise the benefits of modularity in a very varied way. In one business case, the effect of modularity on business has been negative. In two other cases, the effect has been positive - in one of these even the profitability of the business has significantly improved. The aim of this article is to identify whether product designing consistently has been following some product structuring principles previously mentioned in modularisation literature or whether case studies bring new principles to consciousness. In all case studies, the product structuring principles used are also discussed in the previous modularisation studies at a varying extent. In the discussion section, we raise the question of whether the recording and use of product structuring principles in design briefs could lead to making the product design decisions that affect the business positively.
A CHAT Approach to Understand Framing in Digital Service Innovation
Authors: Sturkenboom Nick , Baha Ehsan , Price Rebecca , Kleinsmann Maaike , Snelders Dirk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithin the third wave of digital service innovation, framing is becoming increasingly complex. Accordingly, design practice finds itself in a transition from designing single service solutions that are shared, to designing systemic solutions that are shareable. We report a case study in which we use Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to analyze the framing process that a designer went through when designing a digital service for a Connected Care startup. Results show the importance of the designer's activity awareness and the challenge of dealing with relational complexity when framing the digital service innovation. With this work, we hope to inspire researchers and practitioners with the potential that CHAT has to offer for the reflective practice in digital service innovations.
How are End-of-Life Strategies Adopted in Product-Service Systems? A Systematic Review of General Cases and Cases of Medical Devices Industry
Authors: Damha Leticcia Giovana , Trevisan Adriana Hofmann , Costa Daniel Guzzo , Costa Janaina Mascarenhas Hornos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle study has been done on the adoption of End-of-Life (EoL) strategies on the medical devices industry, despite the reasons why it is an important area of study for the implementation of circularity. The rates of waste in the medical field are alarming and tend to grow. Though presenting a wide potential for EoL strategies implementation, the medical field is also inherently challenging, considering the rigid regulations and product's risk to patients life. This paper analyses 17 Product-Service System case studies identified in the literature. Eleven of them are from various fields of industry, whereas the other six are applied to the medical devices industry. The adoption of EoL strategies - namely repair, reconditioning, remanufacture and recycling - is analysed in each case and compared for the two categories of cases. This adoption is related to the sources of value creation in Circular Economy, to the PSS typology and, at last, special EoL treatment for medical devices is discussed.
Meaningful Experience in Service Design for the Elderly: SAPAD Framework and its Case Study
Authors: Hu Fei , Li Jun , Wang Wei , Sato Keiichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA growing trend of aging population of China has brought tremendous pressure on the domestic care system, and community education is one of the important content for elderly services. Based on the framework of SAPAD, the community English class in Guangzhou City is taken for case study. Depth research on three stakeholeders-the elderly, social workers and volunteers are carried out by interview, user observation and field research. 6 levels (physical level, syntactic level, empirical level, semantic level, pragmatic level and social level) are extracted based on SAPAD framework, and the behavior- object-significance mapping is completed. Significant clusters of multiple users at different levels are analyzed, and 16 core significant clusters are jointly built. By linking with clustering results of the syntactic level, 6 new function modules are obtained. Finally, the community elderly education service system is built through personas, service blueprint, touch points and storyboard. The new service system will improve learning efficiency, satisfactions and emotional appeals for the elderly, and work efficiency of social workers and volunteers.
Testing the Robustness of Circularity Indicators: Empirical Insights from Workshops on an Industrial Product
Authors: Saidani Michael , Cluzel François , Leroy Yann , Yannou Bernard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMonitoring properly the circularity performance of technical products is a point of increasing importance. Yet, evaluating the circularity potential of products during (re)design and development phases is a challenging task. In this study, several C-indicators are experienced by doctoral students and industrialists through two workshops on a real-world industrial product. The values obtained for each indicator are collected and analyzed: as all participant are working on the same technical product with the same dataset, the circularity scores calculated are compared to discuss the reliability and the uncertainty related to these indicators. These new empirical insights are put in parallel with the existing critical analyses of C-indicators from literature. As a result, future research directions on circularity indicators are advanced and discussed, including: the integration of uncertainty considerations into the assessment methodology of circularity indicators; the uptake by industry of such indicators during product design and development; the link between circularity and sustainability scores.
Towards Responsible Design with Internet of Things Data
Authors: Bourgeois Jacky , Kortuem Gerd 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent advances in sensing and networking technologies, namely the Internet of Things (IoT), have become key enablers of data-intensive design processes. However, the recent introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe has raised concerns that the GDPR might hamper data- intensive design processes. In this paper, we map the challenges of enabling ethical and compliant design of product-service systems with personal IoT data. Specifically, we present a 4-year project led by EON, an international energy provider, to design innovative home energy systems that leverage emerging technologies such as solar panels, electric vehicles and home batteries. We present our 6-stage approach to design, centred on IoT data. We highlight the barriers of responsible design with data and identify three novel trust principles for compliant use of personal IoT data in design (private-by-default, analytics transparency and Accountable analytics).
A Methodology for the Application of Virtual Evaluation Methods within the Design Process of Cold Forged Steel Pinions
Authors: Rohrmoser Andreas , Heling Björn , Schleich Benjamin , Kiener Christoph , Hagenah Hinnerk , Wartzack Sandro , Merklein Marion 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGears are essential machine elements in the drivetrain and transmission technology. The operational behaviour of a gear pairing is influenced by the design of the gear kinematics as well as the component properties. With regard to an improvement of performance and service life, the targeted modification of tooth geometry and component properties offers a promising approach. Thus, the achievable geometric and mechanical component properties are influenced by the manufacturing process, which must be taken into account in the design process. The application of virtual evaluation methods is suitable for this purpose. For the manufacturing of steel gears, cold forging provides the potential of achieving beneficial mechanical properties in a highly productive process. Major challenges for the industrial application are the short service life of the cost- intensive tools and the low geometric accuracy in comparison to machining processes. Within this study the design of the tooth geometry as well as the associated forming tool are investigated. The aim is to derive recommendations regarding an optimization of the resulting component properties and operational behaviour.
An Axiomatic Categorisation Framework for the Dynamic Alignment of Disparate Functions in Cyber-physical Systems
Authors: Byrne Thomas J , Doikin Aleksandr , Campean Felician , Neagu Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdvancing Industry 4.0 concepts by mapping the product of the automotive industry on the spectrum of Cyber Physical Systems, we immediately recognise the convoluted processes involved in the design of new generation vehicles. New technologies developed around the communication core (IoT) enable novel interactions with data. Our framework employs previously untapped data from vehicles in the field for intelligent vehicle health management and knowledge integration into design. Firstly, the concept of an inter-disciplinary artefact is introduced to support the dynamic alignment of disparate functions, so that cyber variables change when physical variables change. Secondly, the axiomatic categorisation (AC) framework simulates functional transformations from artefact to artefact, to monitor and control automotive systems rather than components. Herein, an artefact is defined as a triad of the physical and engineered component, the information processing entity, and communication devices at their interface. Variable changes are modelled using AC, in conjunction with the artefacts, to aggregate functional transformations within the conceptual boundary of a physical system of systems.
From Hand-Drawn Sketching to Laser Cutting - A Proof of Concept Prototype and Pilot Study
Authors: Kohtala Sampsa , Steinert Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSketching ideas and building physical prototypes are common in early stage product development. They are used for learning, testing ideas, proving concepts and sharing knowledge. Laser cutting is a popular tool for making physical prototypes due to its accuracy, robustness and speed. Computer aided design and vector graphics software are the main tools used for designing parts for laser cutting. Several sketch- based interfaces have been developed to support the process, using tools such as stylus pens with intuitive sketch-like commands.A proof-of-concept prototype for capturing a hand drawn sketch and converting it to a laser cuttable file has been developed. In this pilot study we attempt to discover when drawing design by hand on paper can be better or more efficient than conventional methods, for developing physical prototypes with laser cutting in the context of early stage product development. This includes testing the accuracy of the tool, a pilot experiment comparing drawing speed and accuracy, example use cases utilizing pencil and paper, and a simple design challenge experiment.
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing - Requirements Engineering Framework for Process Chain Considerations
Authors: Schneberger Jan-Henrik , Häfele Tobias , Kaspar Jerome , Vielhaber Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) provides significant opportunities for design and functional integration of parts and assemblies. Compared to conventional processes, the AM principle increases design freedom notably. Additionally, numerous processible materials and hybrid processes enable the implementation in different industries, spanning from aerospace over automobile until medical applications.However, there are still handicaps to be addressed, arising from the large diversity of AM principles, post-processing and quality assurance issues, partly insufficient user knowledge, and organizational aspects. Coherently, lacking requirements specification hinders a successful consideration of AM in the early stages of development, and its later implementation.To promote knowledge build-up, this contribution presents a requirements specification framework, which supports developers in determining demands throughout the development process, including those resulting from post-processing and testing operations. By incorporating thorough analyses of general organizational and resort overarching limitations, this contribution promotes a successful implementation of suitable AM strategies.
Munich Agile MBSE Concept (MAGIC)
Authors: Salehi Vahid , Wang Shirui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModel-based systems engineering (MBSE) is well-known in gaining the control over the complexity of systems and the development processes, while agile is a project management methodology originally from software development that uses short development cycles to focus on continuous improvement in the development of a product or service. In this paper, we adopt the concept of agile into MBSE and then proposed the new approach - Munich Agile MBSE Concept (MAGIC). The highlights of the MAGIC approach can be concluded as 1) the requirements which have been defined in the first stage will be examined and traced at each following stages; 2) communication between every 2 stages always exists in order to have a close connection during each system development phase; 3) the idea of Industry 4.0 has been included and reflected to achieve automation and data exchange with manufacturing technologies; 4) the concept of IOT (Internet of Things) is also considered when it comes to the usage and service of the system to satisfy the customer's needs; 5) the whole spirit of agile is reflected as the iterative and incremental design and development
How Does Biologically Inspired Design Cope with Multi-Functionality?
Authors: Svendsen Nicklas , Lenau Torben Anker 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs catalysts for product innovation and product development, different approaches for biologically inspired design (BID) are exciting options. However, while general BID theory require a focus on single functions, real world products are characterized by performing multiple functions. The development of an anterior eye-chamber model is used to showcase the issue.In a systematic literature review (SLR), state-of-the-art methodologies, methods and tools BID practice are discovered and the current state of multi-functionality in BID are assessed.The SLR revealed 18 contributions with 8 BID methodologies and 12 stage-specific BID tools (of which 50% addressed the solution search phase) in addition to 5 papers addressing multi-functionality in BID. At present multi-functionality in BID is only treated in a limited set of papers. While designers interested in BID are advised to discover multi-functional analogies, the present approach to handling multi-functional problems in BID suggest functional decomposition and multiple BID efforts. Therefore, the development of design support for handling multi-functional problems, including tools for problem analysis are needed.
Understanding the Initial Requirements Definition in Early Design Phases
Authors: Song Young-Woo , Herzog Michael , Bender Beate 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe definition of initial requirements in the early phase of product development is characterised as a decision process under highest uncertainties. Studies show that projects often deviate from their planned goals or even fail due to ill-defined requirements. Despite the importance and criticality of this task, a detailed description and risk-oriented explanation is missing in the product development literature. The goal of this paper is to develop an explanation model/frame which establishes a link between the development context and an appropriate procedure for the initial requirements definition based on general risk treatment strategies. In a first step, risk-driving context factors with high influence on this task are identified. Then two case studies are compared to analyse the interrelations between their context factors and the applied risk treatment strategies that are implemented in their procedures for defining initial requirements.
Usage Identification of Anomaly Detection in an Industrial Context
Authors: Zoghlami Firas , Kurrek Philip , Jocas Mark , Masala Giovanni , Salehi Vahid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of flexible and autonomous robotics systems is the solution for the automation task of the production and intra-logistics environments. This dynamic context requires the robot to be aware of its surroundings through the whole task, also after accomplishing the gripping action. We present an anomaly detection approach based on unsupervised learning and reconstruction fidelity of image data. We design our method to enhance the dynamic environment perception of robotics systems and apply it in a palletizing robot, in order to perceive and detect changes to its surrounding and process after the gripping step. Our proposed approach achieves the performance targeted by the considered industrial requirements.
A Methodology for Multisensory Product Experience Design Using Cross-modal Effect: A Case of SLR Camera
Authors: Maki Takuma , Yanagisawa Hideyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThroughout the course of product experience, a user employs multiple senses, including vision, hearing, and touch. Previous cross-modal studies have shown that multiple senses interact with each other and change perceptions. In this paper, we propose a methodology for designing multisensory product experiences by applying cross-modal effect to simultaneous stimuli. In this methodology, we first obtain a model of the comprehensive cognitive structure of user's multisensory experience by applying Kansei modeling methodology and extract opportunities of cross-modal effect from the structure. Second, we conduct experiments on these cross-modal effects and formulate them by obtaining a regression curve through analysis. Finally, we find solutions to improve the product sensory experience from the regression model of the target cross-modal effects. We demonstrated the validity of the methodology with SLR cameras as a case study, which is a typical product with multisensory perceptions.
An Innovative Framework for Managing the Customization of Tailor-made Shoes
Authors: Marconi Marco , Papetti Alessandra , Scafà Martina , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProduct customization aims to consider individual customers preferences in the design of new products, in order to directly involve them in the product development process and to maximize their satisfaction. It can be considered a key competitive factor and a “hot topic” in several industrial sectors, including luxury apparel goods and high-end footwear products. However, currently the design and manufacturing of customized shoes are carried out through artisanal and non-standardized processes, based on the individual expertise of operators.The objective of this study is to define an innovative framework to support the different processes affected by customization. This framework is enabled by different digital technologies, as CAD-based tools, virtual/augmented reality systems, etc., opportunely integrated in the product development process. The main benefits related to the framework implementation in real industrial contexts are an increase of flexibility, the repeatability of processes, a higher efficiency in information exchange, a more effective involvement of final customers, and, as a consequence, the reduction of time to market and production costs for tailor-made shoes.
Comparing Utility-based and Network-based Approaches in Modeling Customer Preferences for Engineering Design
Authors: Sha Zhenghui , Bi Youyi , Wang Mingxian , Stathopoulos Amanda , Contractor Noshir , Fu Yan , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCustomer preference modeling provides quantitative assessment of the effects of engineering design attributes on customers’ choices. Utility-based approaches, such as discrete choice model (DCM), and network analysis approaches, such as exponential random graph model (ERGM), have been developed for customer preference modeling. However, no studies have compared these two approaches. Our objective is to identify the distinctions and connections between these two approaches based on both the theoretical foundation and the empirical evidence. Using the vehicle preference modeling as an example, our study shows that when network structure effects are not considered, results from ERGM are consistent with DCM in most of the test cases. However, in one case where customers have varying choice set with multiple alternatives, inconsistencies are observed, possibly due to the discrepancies of the two models in taking different information when calculating choice probabilities. The insights will lead to valuable guidance for choosing the technique for customer preference modeling and co- developing the two frameworks to support engineering design.
From the Car Style Pregnancy towards the Brand Country Origin Recognition
Authors: Bluntzer Jean-Bernard , Ostrosi Egon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the modern automotive industry, a car's style clearly defines its brand. In the context of globalization, a question has recently emerged concerning the relationship between a country's culture and the car style of a particular brand. The style is one way to place car morphologies into a meaningful structure, called the “telling structure.” This research hypothesizes that a stylist tries to compress a car's form and make it a refined unicum that is streamlined with some inherent features, which express a brand's cultural aesthetics. Using the cognitive paradigm that an end user transforms explicit references into implic-it references and that the telling structure of a car's design features influences the recognition of the brand, this research demonstrates a novel method to ad-dress this hypothesis. Results from this study show that there is a relationship between the brand's country of origin and the perceived recognition of a car. However, a country's brand culture is not always represented by the style of the cars. In particular, the results indicate that some cars can actually lose their cultural identity, especially in the context of a worldwide market.
The Novelty Perspectives Framework: A New Conceptualisation of Novelty for Cognitive Design Studies
Authors: Hay Laura , Duffy Alex , Grealy Madeleine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNovelty can be evaluated from the perspective of the designer who creates a concept (personal novelty), and people who perceive it post-creation (socio-novelty). In each case, the extent to which the concept is new compared to known artefacts is judged. The designer's evaluation is based on the same knowledge from which the concept was produced. Thus, if the concept is novel to the designer, creative cognitive processing must have occurred, i.e. something new was created in the mind. Evaluations made by other people are based on their own knowledge, which may differ from the designer's. Thus, concepts they view as novel are not necessarily the output of creative cognition. In this paper, we posit that personal novelty is directly related to designer cognition, whilst socio-novelty is not. However, existing metrics focus on the latter, and may be misleading in cognitive studies. To stimulate discussion, we formalise personal and socio-novelty in the Novelty Perspectives Framework. Empirical data suggests that the perspectives may be distinguished in practice. Future implications of the NPF are explored, highlighting the potential for insights at both the cognitive and neural level.