bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucin-Like Carcinoma-Associated Antigen (MCA) in Breast Cancer: Clinical Experience at the National Cancer Institute of Milan
Authors: Seregni E. , Crippa F. , Botti C. , Bellotti M.G. , Bogni A. , Pizzichetta M. , Bombardieri E. 
Published: April 2018

Mucin-like Carcinoma-associated Antigen (MCA) is a glycoprotein belonging to the mucin family; it is defined by the monoclonal antibody b-12. Mucins represent an interesting group of tumor markers and are widely utilized in the clinical monitoring of neoplastic patients. These molecules show a certain degree of tissue specificity and MCA is preferentially associated with breast tissue. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with breast cancer usually have high MCA serum levels. In this paper the experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milan with the clinical use of MCA in breast cancer patients is reported. The observed sensitivity of the MCA test was poor in patients with early-stage disease, while it was acceptable in patients with advanced breast cancer. MCA concentrations appeared to be directly related to disease spread. A clear relationship was seen between MCA levels and lymph-nodal status. The highest MCA plasma levels were observed in patients with metastatic disease. In this group of patients the sensitivity of the test on the basis of a cut-off of 11 U/mL was 52%.
Expression of the Tumor-Associated Glycoproteins Mca, Ca 125 and Bw 495/36-P in Epithelial Tumors of the Kidney and the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Ammon A. , Weber M.H. , Wallner I. , Marschner N. , Droese M. , Gröne H.J. , Hiddemann W. 
Published: April 2018

The differential expression of the tumor-associated glycoproteins MCA, CA 125 and BW 495/36-P was investigated in 11 renal cell carcinomas and 11 urinary bladder carcinomas and compared with their expression in non-neoplastic tissue preparations from the kidney (n = 9) and urinary bladder (n = 12). The glycoproteins were demonstrated immunohistologically in frozen sections and additionally, in some cases, in paraffin sections. MCA and BW 495/36-P positive cells were present in all preparations except for a grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in which no MCA-expression could be detected. In the non-neoplastic renal tissue mainly the cells of the distal tubuli were stained by the antibodies against these two glycoproteins. Carcinoma cells of the kidney and of the urinary bladder showed an increased expression of both epitopes. CA 125, in comparison, was strongly expressed in 3 of the 11 urinary bladder carcinomas investigated but could only be shown in a few cells of a single renal cell carcinoma. Normal renal tissue showed no and the urinary bladder only very isolated CA 125 positive epithelial cells. Apart from this distribution, strong staining of the connective tissue fibers with CA 125 antibody was seen in all paraffin sections, but not in the frozen sections. This leads to the supposition that in these structures there is a CA 125 cryptantigen. The consistent expression of MCA as well as the virtual lack of CA 125 in the renal cell carcinomas are in contrast with our previous serological results, in which patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas showed increased CA 125 in approx. 50% of cases whereas only approx. 20% had increased MCA serum levels.
Avoiding Pitfalls of Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail Malposition With Internal Rotation Axial Heel View
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Juliano Paul , Aydogan Umur , Clayton Justin 
Published: April 2018

Background. Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) nails are often used for complex hind foot arthrodesis and deformity correction. The natural valgus alignment of the hindfoot creates a challenge to optimum placement of the guidewire and eventual nail with a straight or valgus-curved nail. Methods. Five fresh frozen cadavers were used for placement of a TTC guidewire with standard anterior-posterior (AP), lateral, and Harris axial heel views as a reference for proper placement. The limb was then rotated 15°, 30°, and 45° both internally and externally to evaluate the perceived amount of osseous purchase within the calcaneus. The TTC nail was then inserted and dissection was performed to demonstrate proximity of the nail to the sustentaculum tali and neurovascular structures. Results. A 30° internal rotation Harris axial heel view demonstrated the most accurate representation of osseous purchase within the calcaneus with the guidewire and nail placement. When the guidewire was placed with standard imaging the nail was often ultimately placed in close proximity to the sustentaculum tali and neurovascular structures. Conclusion. Careful placement of the guidewire prior to reaming and nail placement should be undertaken to avoid neurovascular injury and to increase osseous purchase. For optimal guidewire placement, the authors suggest using appropriate anatomic landmarks and using a 30° internally rotated Harris axial heel view to verify correct placement. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion
Placer platinum-group minerals in the Shetland ophiolite complex derived from anomalously enriched podiform chromitites
Authors: Prichard Hazel M. , Suárez Saioa , Fisher Peter C. , Knight Robert D. , Watson John S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHighly anomalous platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in the podiform chromitites at the Cliff and Harold's Grave localities in the Shetland ophiolite complex have been well documented previously. The focus of this study is alluvial platinum-group minerals (PGM) located in small streams that drain from the PGE-rich chromitites. The placer PGM assemblage at Cliff is dominated by Pt-arsenides (64%) and Pd-antimonides (17%), with less irarsite–hollingworthite (11%) and minor Pd-sulfides, Pt–Pd–Cu and Pt–Fe alloys and laurite. Gold also occurs with the PGM. Alluvial PGM have average sizes of 20 µm × 60 µm, with sperrylite the largest grain identified at 110 µm in diameter, matching the range reported for the primary PGM in the source rocks. The placer assemblage contains more Pt-bearing and less Pd-bearing PGM compared with the rocks. The more resistant sperrylite and irarsite–hollingworthite grains which are often euhedral become more rounded further downstream whereas the less resistant Pd-antimonides which are commonly subhedral may become striated and etched. Less stable phases such as Pt- and Pd-oxides and other Ni-Cu-bearing phases located in the rocks (i.e. Ru-pentlandite, PtCu, Pd–Cu alloy) are absent in the placer assemblage. Also the scarce PGM (PdHg, Rh- and Ir-Sb) and Os in the rocks are absent. At Harold's Grave only three alluvial PGM (laurite, Ir, Os) and Au were recovered reflecting the limited release of IPGM from chromite grains in the rocks. In this cold climate with high rainfall, where erosion dominates over weathering, the PGM appear to have been derived directly from the erosion of the adjacent PGE-rich source rocks and there is little evidence of in situ growth of any newly formed PGM. Only the presence of dendritic pure Au and Pd-, Cu-bearing Au covers on the surface of primary minerals may indicate some local reprecipitation of these metals in the surficial conditions.
An Analysis of The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition T Staging System for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Tran Bryan , Roshan David , Abraham Earl , Wang Laura , Garibotto Natalia , Wykes James , Campbell Peter , Ebrahimi Ardalan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) removed microscopic extrathyroidal extension (ETE) from the 8th edition T staging for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) based on increasing evidence that it is not an independent prognostic factor.

Objectives
We compared the prognostic performance of AJCC 7th (pT7) and 8th (pT8) edition T stage systems, particularly in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases in whom T classification affects AJCC Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage.

Method
A retrospective analysis of disease-free survival (DFS) in 577 patients with PTC comparing pT8 vs pT7 using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Harrell’s C-index, and Proportion of Variation Explained (PVE).

Results
Of 105 patients with AJCC7 T3 disease, 74 were down-staged. Overall, the prognostic performance of pT7 and pT8 was similar. However, in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases, pT8 was inferior to pT7 on the basis of higher AIC, lower C-index (0.67 vs 0.76), and lower PVE (30% vs 45%). In this subset, microscopic ETE was associated with multiple other adverse prognostic features and reduced DFS (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 5.2; P = 0.002), irrespective of tumor size.

Discussion
In our cohort, pT8 was inferior to pT7 in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases in whom T classification affects TNM stage. Microscopic ETE was strongly associated with other adverse prognostic factors and reduced DFS in this patient subgroup and may be an effective surrogate for disease biology in PTC, irrespective of whether it is an independent prognostic factor.
Complexes of plexin-A4 and plexin-D1 convey semaphorin-3C signals to induce cytoskeletal collapse in the absence of neuropilins
Authors: Smolkin Tatyana , Nir-Zvi Inbal , Duvshani Nerri , Mumblat Yelena , Kessler Ofra , Neufeld Gera 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Class-3 semaphorin guidance factors bind to receptor complexes containing neuropilin and plexin receptors. A semaphorin may bind to several receptor complexes containing somewhat different constituents, resulting in diverse effects on cell migration. U87MG glioblastoma cells express both neuropilins and the four class-A plexins. Here, we show that these cells respond to Sema3A or Sema3B by cytoskeletal collapse and cell contraction but fail to contract in response to Sema3C, Sema3D, Sema3G or Sema3E, even when class-A plexins are overexpressed in the cells. In contrast, expression of recombinant plexin-D1 enabled contraction in response to these semaphorins. Surprisingly, unlike Sema3D and Sema3G, Sema3C also induced the contraction and repulsion of plexin-D1-expressing U87MG cells in which both neuropilins were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9. In the absence of neuropilins, the EC50 of Sema3C was 5.5 times higher, indicating that the neuropilins function as enhancers of plexin-D1-mediated Sema3C signaling but are not absolutely required for Sema3C signal transduction. Interestingly, in the absence of neuropilins, plexin-A4 formed complexes with plexin-D1, and was required in addition to plexin-D1 to enable Sema3C-induced signal transduction.
Feedback regulation by antagonistic epigenetic factors potentially maintains developmental homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Sadasivam Devendran A. , Huang Der-Hwa 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Drosophila Polycomb group (PcG) repressors confer epigenetically heritable silencing on key regulatory genes through histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). How the silencing state withstands antagonistic activities from co-expressed trithorax group (trxG) activators is unclear. Upon overexpression of Trx H3K4 methylase, to perturb the silenced state, we find a dynamic process triggered in a stepwise fashion to neutralize the inductive impacts from excess Trx. Shortly after Trx overexpression, there are global increases in H3K4 trimethylation and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, marking active transcription. Subsequently, these patterns diminish at the same time as the levels of Set1, an abundant H3K4 methylase involved in productive transcription, reduce. Concomitantly, the global H3K27me3 level is markedly reduced, corresponding to an increase in the amount of Utx demethylase. Finally, excess Pc repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is induced and located to numerous ectopic chromosomal sites independently of H3K27me3 and several key recruitment factors. The observation that PRC1 becomes almost completely colocalized with Trx suggests new aspects of recruitment and antagonistic interaction. We propose that these events represent a feedback circuitry ensuring the stability of the silenced state.
The GET pathway can increase the risk of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins to be mistargeted to the ER
Authors: Vitali Daniela G. , Sinzel Monika , Bulthuis Elianne P. , Kolb Antonia , Zabel Susanne , Mehlhorn Dietmar G. , Figueiredo Costa Bruna , Farkas Ákos , Clancy Anne , Schuldiner Maya , Grefen Christopher , Schwappach Blanche , Borgese Nica , Rapaport Doron 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are anchored to their corresponding membrane via a single transmembrane segment (TMS) at their C-terminus. In yeast, the targeting of TA proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be mediated by the guided entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway, whereas it is not yet clear how mitochondrial TA proteins are targeted to their destination. It has been widely observed that some mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) proteins are mistargeted to the ER when overexpressed or when their targeting signal is masked. However, the mechanism of this erroneous sorting is currently unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of the GET machinery in the mistargeting of suboptimal MOM proteins to the ER. These findings suggest that the GET machinery can, in principle, recognize and guide mitochondrial and non-canonical TA proteins. Hence, under normal conditions, an active mitochondrial targeting pathway must exist that dominates the kinetic competition against other pathways.
Lysosome enlargement during inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve proceeds through lysosome coalescence
Authors: Choy Christopher H. , Saffi Golam , Gray Matthew A. , Wallace Callen , Dayam Roya M. , Ou Zhen-Yi A. , Lenk Guy , Puertollano Rosa , Watkins Simon C. , Botelho Roberto J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells.
The Ajuba family protein Wtip regulates actomyosin contractility during vertebrate neural tube closure
Authors: Chu Chih-Wen , Xiang Bo , Ossipova Olga , Ioannou Andriani , Sokol Sergei Y. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Ajuba family proteins are implicated in the assembly of cell junctions and have been reported to antagonize Hippo signaling in response to cytoskeletal tension. To assess the role of these proteins in actomyosin contractility, we examined the localization and function of Wtip, a member of the Ajuba family, in Xenopus early embryos. Targeted in vivo depletion of Wtip inhibited apical constriction in neuroepithelial cells and elicited neural tube defects. Fluorescent protein-tagged Wtip showed predominant punctate localization along the cell junctions in the epidermis and a linear junctional pattern in the neuroectoderm. In cells undergoing Shroom3-induced apical constriction, the punctate distribution was reorganized into a linear pattern. Conversely, the linear junctional pattern of Wtip in neuroectoderm changed to a more punctate distribution in cells with reduced myosin II activity. The C-terminal fragment of Wtip physically associated with Shroom3 and interfered with Shroom3 activity and neural fold formation. We therefore propose that Wtip is a tension-sensitive cytoskeletal adaptor that regulates apical constriction during vertebrate neurulation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Case Report: Polyarteritis nodosa or complicated Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgAV), a rare case
Authors: Hasanzadeh Sajad , Alavi Seyedeh Maryam , Masnavi Elahe , Jokar Saeid , Rohani Maryam 
Published: April 2018

Background: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis that affects medium-sized arteries. PAN is a rare disease and requires a high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. PAN and HSP (newly named Immunoglobulin A-associated vasculitis) have narrowing differential diagnosis. Here, we reported a case of PAN.Case presentation: Our patient was a 65-year-old woman that came to hospital due to abdominal pain and skin lesion on the right upper and right lower extremities. All rheumatologic tests were negative. A biopsy of the skin lesion was reported as mild hyperkeratosis, slight spongiosis with intact basal layer. The dermis showed moderate to severe perivascular PMN infiltration with vessel wall degeneration and extravasation of RBCs. A colonoscopy reported diffuse mucosal erythema and erosions were seen in the rectum until 6cm of anal verge. An electromyogram test and nerve conduction velocity study of the upper extremities reported bilateral mild carpal tunnel syndrome, and in the right lower extremities mononeuritis multiplex could not be ruled out. Abdominopelvic CT scan reported diffuse wall thickening of terminal ileum associated with mesenteric fat and narrow enhancement of inferior Mesenteric artery with patchy filling defect. After evaluation, the patient received corticosteroid pulses plus cyclophosphamide.Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of PAN are important and PAN should be considered in a patient with skin lesions and neurological impairment.
Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych)
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: April 2018

Postmodernism as a change factor in modern linguistics, in the epistemic, social and ethical aspect (taking into account the humanities). Part 2
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
Plakat jako przykład multimodalnego amalgamatu
Authors: Winiarska Justyna 
Published: April 2018

Poster as an example of a multimodal amalgam (conceptual blend)
The author analyses two posters used in two social campaigns. Posters are unique in their usage as means of communication because they aim to provide information quickly and in an eye-catching way. As a result, their authors often use conceptual blending and integration to create persuasive communication. In the article, the author treats posters as complex blends, she finds input spaces, indicates relations between their elements, and tries to discover generic spaces on different levels of specificity. This methodology enables her to show how a complex verbal and visual statement can be coherently understood by the viewer.
Czy derywaty prefiksalne wymienne wyrażają intensywność?
Authors: Fijałkowska Wanda 
Published: April 2018

Do derivatives created by exchange of prefixes express intensity?
The paper aims to clarify the misunderstandings concerning the semantic description of derivative verbs created through exchange of prefixes. The description of a class of verbs which up to now have been regarded as expressing the intensity of an action (e.g. przekarmić ‘to overfeed’, przesolić ‘to oversalt’) had to undergo deep changes, including the elimination of lexemes which were created using two morphemes simultaneously (napracować się ‘to have worked a lot’ ← pracować ‘to work’). A detailed analysis has enabled us to prove that where others saw intensity, there was in fact effectiveness. Derivatives included in this category express three grades of effectiveness: high (as in ubawić się ‘to have rather enjoyed oneself’, wybiegać się ‘to have run enough’), excessive (as in przesolić ‘to oversalt’, zapić się ‘to loose life due to alcohol addiction’) and maximal (wytruć ‘to poison everyone’, domyć ‘to wash something clean’). Moreover, other lexemes need to be included in this class, namely those which are incorrectly seen as determining methodicalness (objeść ‘to eat all of someone’s food’), as well as exhaustivity (wybić ‘to kill everyone’, wyniszczyć ‘to thoroughly destroy’). Such a description will promote effectiveness, while eliminating small semantic sub-groups that are not uniform in their structure.
W sprawie najdawniejszych zapożyczeń wschodniosłowiańskich w języku polskim
Authors: Fałowski Adam 
Published: April 2018

Regarding the earliest East Slavic borrowings in Polish
In 1963, Stanisław Urbańczyk attempted to investigate the problem of the earliest East Slavic borrowings in Polish. He presented a list of Old Polish imports from the East Slavic languages comprising 150 lexical units. Fifty years later, Wiesław Witkowski, another Slavicist from Cracow, extended the list of East Slavic borrowings included in Słownik Staropolski (‘Old Polish Dictionary’) to 199 units. The goal of the present paper is to partially verify the standpoints of the two researchers. Perforce, it is limited to those words which arrived in the East Slavic territory from the broadly understood East, i.e. from the Turkic, Mongolic, and Finno-Ugric languages. The results of this verification are as follows. Out of 32 analysed lexical units (not including the word denka), 22 can probably be considered East Slavic borrowings in Old Polish: ataman, bachmat, bezmian, bisior, bojar, bojarzyn, bołki, bułatowy, czobot, czobotnik, derka, kalannik || kalennik, kalanny || kalenny, kalaństwo, kaleta || kaletka, kitajka, kitajczany, kiwior, korczak || korczag, korczakowy, mohorycz, mohorycznik, opończa, roztruchan, sorok, telega, teleżny, tołmacz, torłop, tybinki || ciebienki. The same is not true for the following words: hazuka || azuka, jarmułka || jermułka, karbus, orkisz, serpanek || serpanka, tarchun || torchun. In four cases (the words badawia, basałyk, kolimaga, orda, ordyniec || hordyniec) a definite acceptance of East Slavic mediation appears to be impossible at the current stage of research.
Gdzie walczył i jak miał na imię brat Mieszka I?
Authors: Łuczyński Michał 
Published: April 2018

Where did the brother of Mieszko I fight and what was his name?
The paper is an attempt to decipher the name of the brother of Mieszko I and place name where battle with german duke Hodon took place in 972, mentioned in Thietmar of Merseburg’s chronicle. They are only known from a single MLat. inscription as Cidebur, and from its Latinized form as Cidini. In an author’s view they should be delatinized as Siecebor and Sitno (Sitna). Based on a substition and transcription analysis, the author formulates a hypothesis concerning the location and progress of the battle.