bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging Affects Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Brain
Authors: Utkin Yuri N. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Aging is a common and inevitable stage in the life cycle of higher organisms.
Different organs, including the central nervous system, are affected by aging in different ways.
Many processes are involved in aging, and neurodegeneration is one of the aging processes in which
the central nervous system is engaged. Brain degeneration during normal aging underlies cognitive
disorders experienced by older people. Not all molecular mechanisms associated with age-related
neurodegeneration are fully understood; however, there is a whole range of data on the participation
of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the processes of aging and neurodegeneration. Two main subtypes
of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 and α4β2 present in the central nervous system are affected
by these processes. The loss of these receptor subtypes during normal aging is one of the reasons
for the cognitive impairments. The decrease in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is also very important
for the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the drugs enhancing receptor
functions may be considered promising for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in the aged
people.

Conclusion:
To achieve healthy longevity, the molecular processes that occur during aging should be
established. In this regard, the participation and role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain
aging and degeneration are considered in this review.
Perhitungan Ketebalan Bahan Komposit Karet Alam dan Timbal Oksida Sebagai Pelindung Radiasi Sinar-X 100 Ke
Authors: Prayitno Gunarwan , Gunawan Pancatatva H 
Published: March 2019

Telah dilakukan perhitungan ketebalan bahan komposit karet alam timbal oksida sebagai pelindung radiasi sinar-x 100 Kev. Perhitungan bertujuan untuk memperoleh ketebalan bahan proteksi radiasi yang aman bagi lingkungan atau pekerja dilingkungan medan radiasi. Perhitungan kemampuan daya serap bahan komposit karet alam timbal oksida dilakukan pada energy 100 Kev. Dasar perhitungan daya serap komposit karet alam timbal oksida sebasar 50 pphr (part per hundred rubber) sampai dengan 1000 pphr. Tebal komposit karet alam timbal oksida yang akan diukur setebal 2,5 mm. hasil perhitungan menunjukan bahwa ketebalan bahan komposit karet alam timbal oksida yang aman bagi pengguna atau para pekerja dimedan radiasi, apabila karet alam dicampur dengan timbal oksida sebanyak 550 pphr, nilai daya serap pada 550 pphr telah memenuhi standart yang diizinkan.
Proses Pembuatan Selongsong Tabung Pelindung Detector Geiger Muller Tipe Side Window
Authors: Prayitno Gunarwan , Sinduningrum Estu 
Published: March 2019

Pembuatan pelindung detector Geiger Muller salah satunya untuk melindung detector tersebut dari benturan benda keras saat digunakan. Pada waktu penguunaaan umumnya detector diletakan terdepan dalam sistim rangkaian deteksi.untuk mendapatkan hasil cahan maksimum, oleh karena itu setiap detector harus dilindungi oleh suatu bahan yang tahan benturan benda keras, tetapi tidak mengurangi jumlah cacahan detektor. Batangan aluminium solid dibubut hingga menyerupai tabung, salah satu bagian ujung dibuat drat atau ulir, dudipersiapkan untuk penutup . sehingga seluruh bagian detector tertutup oleh aluminium, dipilih bahan pelindung yang tidak bersifat penyerap radiasi atau (absorber). Pada pembuatan ini dipilih suatu bahan tipe Alumunium solid, dengan alasan mudah didapat dipasaran dengan harga terjangkau. Pembuatan selongsong tabung detector merupakan penyempurnaan dan penyelesaian tahap akhir pembuatan detector Geiger Muller tipe side window.
Pembuatan Tungku Induksi Sederhana
Authors: Syahbardia Syahbardia , Somantri Herman , Suryaman Aldi 
Published: March 2019

Tungku induksi merupakan salah satu alat untuk proses pemanasan logam yang saat ini banyak digunakan di lingkungan industri, yang mana alat ini digunakan untuk melebur atau memanaskan logam. Maka dari itu untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman dan untuk mempelajari kinerja tungku induksi agar dapat memahami dan mengetahui prinsip kerja dari pemanas induksi maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian pemanas atau tungku induksi sederhana .
Metodologi penelitian dimulai dengan : perancangan yaitu, pemilihan sistem pemanas induksi sederhana, menentukan komponen-komponen yang digunakan , proses pembuatannya dan melakukan pengujian pada pemanas induksi sederhana. Dalam proses pengujian dilakukan dua tahap pengujian yaitu proses pengamatan visual yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah komponen pemanas induksi bekerja sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, lalu tahap selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian prestasi,berupa pengukuran untuk mengetahui besar daya yang digunakan dan besar pemanasan yang dihasilkan pada logam uji. Pembuatan pemanas induksi ini menghasilkan alat yang mampu memanaskan logam mencapai suhu 465oC selama 10 menit dengan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan sebesar 12192,3J dengan efisiensi thermal sebesar 12.7%.
ATIVIDADE CIENTÍFICA QUALIFICADA NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO
Authors: Reis Helca Franciolli Teixeira , Santos Mateus Carmo , Bispo de Almeida Claudio , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Yarid Sérgio Donha 
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se analisar a produção científica docente nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem no Brasil que obtiveram conceitos 6 e 7 na avaliação CAPES 2013-2016. Trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico das produções científicas de 155 docentes de Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem brasileira, coletadas por meio dos currículos lattes, no período de junho à julho de 2017, posteriormente, realizou-se as análises descritivas. A maior parte dos professores avaliados foram do sexo feminino, com formação em Enfermagem, não apresentam índice H e não possuem bolsa de produtividade, entretanto, concentram sua produção científica em artigos, com publicações em periódicos com Qualis elevados (A1 à B1). Conclui-se que os Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem no Brasil, que obtiveram conceitos 6 e 7 na avaliação CAPES 2013-2016, são compostos por maioria de docentes que apresentam produção científica qualificada de acordo as exigências da Política de Pós-Graduação Brasileira, porém ainda não suficientes para garantir uma aquisição de verbas que sejam suficientes para produção de pesquisa.
A sparse principal component analysis of Class III malocclusions
Authors: Kang Tae-Joo , Eo Soo-Heang , Cho HyungJun , Donatelli Richard E. , Lee Shin-Jae 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To identify the most characteristic variables out of a large number of anatomic landmark variables on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images. A modified principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify which anatomic structures would demonstrate the major variabilities that would most characterize the patient.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from 217 patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusions who had undergone orthognathic surgery. The input variables were composed of a total of 740 variables consisting of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates and their Euclidean distances of 104 soft tissue and 81 hard tissue landmarks identified on the CT images. A statistical method, a modified PCA based on the penalized matrix decomposition, was performed to extract the principal components.

Results:
The first 10 (8 soft tissue, 2 hard tissue) principal components from the 740 input variables explained 63% of the total variance. The most conspicuous principal components indicated that groups of soft tissue variables on the nose, lips, and eyes explained more variability than skeletal variables did. In other words, these soft tissue components were most representative of the differences among the Class III patients.

Conclusions:
On three-dimensional images, soft tissues had more variability than the skeletal anatomic structures. In the assessment of three-dimensional facial variability, a limited number of anatomic landmarks being used today did not seem sufficient. Nevertheless, this modified PCA may be used to analyze orthodontic three-dimensional images in the future, but it may not fully express the variability of the patients.
Safety and Efficacy of a Combination of Chloramphenicol, Polymyxin-B and Dexamethasone in Ocular Infection with Inflammation
Authors: Dilip Kiran Dr. Mayuresh , Lalit Jeevan Pawaskar Shaheen Naseem Sheikh, 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Ocular infection with inflammation is very common in developing countries like India. Multi-drug therapy is used in the treatment of Ocular infection with inflammation. We studied the safety as well as efficacy of one such combination anti-bacterial (Chloramphenicol and Polymyxin -B) and corticosteroid (Dexamethasone) in the treatment of Ocular infection with inflammation especially mild keratitis and conjunctivitis.
Methodology: Out of 151 patients, 117 were completed the study. Efficacy assessment was made by reduction in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score of Ocular hypermia, Ocular discharge, Keratitis and Conjunctivitis related to Ocular infection with inflammation. Safety assessment was made by inspecting the adverse events during the study.
Results: Reduction in mean VAS score was analysed from 4.47 (baseline) to 2.76 (day 3) to 0.55 (day 5) of ocular hypermia, from 3.42 (baseline) to 2.03 (day 3) to 0.24 (day 5) of ocular discharge, 3.57 (baseline) to 1.89 (day 3) to 0.21 (day 5) of keratitis and from 3.84 (baseline) to 2.10 (day 3) to 0.20 (day 5) of conjunctivitis. Majority of patients had more than 90% reduction in their VAS score at conclusion visit in all the parameters. 8.54% of adverse events of mild intensity was observed.
Conclusion: A fixed dose combination of Chloramphenicol, Polymyxin-B and Dexamethasone of is safe and effective in the treatment of Ocular infection with inflammation.
A Rare Case of an Ophthalmologic Emergency: Idiopathic Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Maryam Abdulla, 
Published: March 2019

Central retinal artery occlusion is a form of an acute stroke in the eye and is regarded as an ophthalmic emergency.[1,2] This paper presents a case of Central retinal artery occlusion in an 18-year-old pregnant female who presented with sudden loss of vision in her right eye and was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment but mainly focusing on the underlying etiologies.
Recent literature shows no reported cases explaining the possibility of retinal artery occlusion occurring in a young pregnant female who is otherwise free of any medical conditions.[3] Due to the serious consequence, limited knowledge and treatment in the field of unexplained retinal occlusion in pregnancy; it’s encouraged that more efforts are invested in research and reporting cases for a better understanding of the possible and future management options and preventative strategies of central retinal occlusions.
Depression in Elderly Patients Attending the Psychiatric Outpatient Department: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Dr. Ravi C , Sharma Dr. Dinesh Dutt , Parkash Dr. Kamal 
Published: March 2019

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common clinical condition among elderly patients suffering with depression and has a well-known aetiology. The present study planned to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric patients attending Psychiatric outpatient department services.
Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional one and carried out with a sound methodology on elderly patients attending the Psychiatric OPD of Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-1, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 130 patients were screened, out of which 105 patients have fulfilled the inclusion criteria and enrolled after written informed consent form. The cognitive function and depression were assessed by using standardized Mini-Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively.
Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairment was found 42.9% (44.2% in women, 35.5% in men), whereas the prevalence of depression was found 48.6% (56.30%women, 41.10% men) which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Cognitive impairment and depression were found to be more prevalent in the females than in the males. So, it is advised that psychiatrist should provide special attention for early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms in elderly patients suffering with cognitive impairment.
Under 5 Children Mortality in Sudan: Situation Analysis
Authors: Abdeldafie Selwa Y 
Published: March 2019

Sudan like other developing countries suffers a high mortality rate among under 5 children. Although there is an steady minimal reduction of this rate among Sudanese children but it is still high even after implementing many policies and interventions by the federal government.
The aim of this work is to analyze the situation of under 5children mortality in Sudan in term of trend, causes of death, policies and interventions under taken to reduce this risk. Methods :the Sudan annual statistical report of 2015 was reviewed, it revealed that : the trend of under 5children mortality in Sudan is 70.10 as of 2015 and this is the lowest value while the highest one is 178.40 in the year 1960.There are a lot of policies under taken by the government to reduce this risk like : diarrhea community treatment , antenatal corticosteroids , postnatal care and IMCI implementation and the essential interventions which are implemented include :exclusive breastfeeding, skilled birth attendance, postnatal care, early initiation of breastfeeding , access to improved drinking- water sources, pneumonia care-seeking and pneumonia antibiotics.
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Anterior Uveitis Patients Presenting in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Chandravanshi Shivcharan Lal 
Published: March 2019

Introduction - Anterior uveitis is referred as an inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. Anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis and frequently affecting young adults. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, etiology, pathological pattern, complications and treatment outcome of anterior uveitis in the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh.
Materials and Methods - A Prospective, hospital based, interventional study was conducted on all anterior uveitis patients, treated at the Department of ophthalmology, S. S. Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh for the period of two years from January 2016 to December 2017.
All patients aged 0-80 years that were treated for anterior uveitis are taken in consideration. Complete ophthalmic evaluation, necessary lab investigations and imaging were performed to establish the etiology. Demographic data, uveitis characteristics, pathological pattern, investigations, etiology, complications and the treatment outcome were collected for each patient. Patients of anterior uveitis with incomplete investigations, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis, postoperative uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, endophthalmitis and masquerade syndromes were excluded from study.
Results - Present study included 212 patients over a period of two years (January 2016 to December 2017). Anterior uveitis affect most frequently in the 5th decade of life (33.96%). Majority of patients had non-granulomatous type of uveitis (73.11%). Etiology of anterior uveitis remained unknown (idiopathic) in 126 cases (59.43%). The most common etiology identify in present study is tuberculosis in 47 cases (22.16%) followed by syphilis in 8 cases (3.77%). The most common complication of anterior uveitis is complicated cataract 18 cases (8.49%) followed by secondary glaucoma in 8 cases (3.77%).
Conclusion - This study gives valuable information on clinical and demographic characteristics of anterior uveitis in resident of the Rewa, district of Madhya Pradesh.
Lipid Profile in HIV Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Lall Dr. Kavita J. , Khurana Dr. Omesh , Ambad Dr. Ranjit S 
Published: March 2019

This study reviewed the lipid profile of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in relation to use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid profile is becoming one of the common problems in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Data on lipid profile derangements induced by antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile abnormalities in HIV infected children receiving ART.
Material and Method - Information on sex, age, specific ART type in use , ART start date, duration of treatment, duration of HIV infection, BMI, relevant signs and symptoms and medications if any were collected by trained nurses using structured questionnaires and patients medical record.
Blood Sample Collection, Transport and Processing - Following a standard and safety collection procedure, about 5 ml fasting venous blood was taken from the patients and the control groups by clinical nurses and senior laboratory technologist. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-c). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was determined by Friedewald Equation (13).
Result and conclusion - There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for TC, TG, TC/HDL-c ratio and TG/HDL –c ratio. On the basis of our study we concluded that the level of TG, TC, HDL-c and VLDL-c is high in HIV positive populations receiving first line ART (group I) as compared to ART naïve (group II). Considering that these altered lipid profiles can be an independent risk factors for coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction, treatment with first-line ART may actually have potential risks for cardiovascular health of HIV positive people receiving ART.
Comparison of Two-Port Verses Three-Port Laparoscopic Appendicectomy in CCM Medical and Hospital
Authors: Khare Dr. Manish , Khanolkar Dr. Ajay 
Published: March 2019

One of the most common cause of acute abdomen is acute appendicitis. A concept of ‘‘scarless’’ abdomen first described in 1998 by Esposito by Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery was and has gained popularity. Still appendectomy is performed by laparotomy in most of the countries, causes may be the cost of the instruments or availability and affordability by the patients. Laparoscopic appendectomies are gaining popularity because of decreased pain, fewer postoperative complications, earlier mobilization, shorter hospitalization, earlier return to work, and better cosmesis. The aim of the study is to compare operative time, intra and post -operative complications, hospital stay after surgery in patients with two-port laparoscopic appendicectomy with the conventional three-port laparoscopic appendicectomy and to describe this technique for performing laparoscopic appendectomy with three portals at very low cost and with good aesthetic appearance and to compare the results with the conventional three-port laparoscopic appendicectomy.
Material and Methods - Patients over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of acute abdomen, later on confirmed to acute appendicitis were included in the study. Out of 50 patients with laparoscopic appendicectomy, 23 for two port appendicectomy and 27 three port were included in the study. Hasson's technique was adopted for laproscopic access in to the abdomen. 10-mm umbilical port and 5-mm port was inserted with a grasper. Through the umbilical working trocar mesoappendix transected base of the appendix was ligated and the appendix was resected.
Results - 23 cases performed using the two-port technique and 27 cases were performed using conventional 3 port technique. Operative time in two port appendicectomy (n=23) was 58±3.6 while in Conventional 3 port appendicectomy (n = 27) it was 52±2.4. Hospital stay for patients with two port appendicectomy was shorter and statistically significant.
Conclusion - Two port appendicectomy is a safe and cost effective procedure and no major complications were found in this procedure.
Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section
Authors: AboBaker Dr.Randa Mohammed 
Published: March 2019

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay. Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.