bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilingual assessment of early child development: Analyses from repeated observations of children in Kenya
Authors: Knauer Heather A. , Kariger Patricia , Jakiela Pamela , Ozier Owen , Fernald Lia C.H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn many low‐ and middle‐income countries, young children learn a mother tongue or indigenous language at home before entering the formal education system where they will need to understand and speak a country's official language(s). Thus, assessments of children before school age, conducted in a nation's official language, may not fully reflect a child's development, underscoring the importance of test translation and adaptation. To examine differences in vocabulary development by language of assessment, we adapted and validated instruments to measure developmental outcomes, including expressive and receptive vocabulary. We assessed 505 2‐to‐6‐year‐old children in rural communities in Western Kenya with comparable vocabulary tests in three languages: Luo (the local language or mother tongue), Swahili, and English (official languages) at two time points, 5–6 weeks apart, between September 2015 and October 2016. Younger children responded to the expressive vocabulary measure exclusively in Luo (44%–59% of 2‐to‐4‐year‐olds) much more frequently than did older children (20%–21% of 5‐to‐6‐year‐olds). Baseline receptive vocabulary scores in Luo (β = 0.26, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and Swahili (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, p = 0.032) were strongly associated with receptive vocabulary in English at follow‐up, even after controlling for English vocabulary at baseline. Parental Luo literacy at baseline (β = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.045) was associated with child English vocabulary at follow‐up, while parental English literacy at baseline was not. Our findings suggest that multilingual testing is essential to understanding the developmental environment and cognitive growth of multilingual children.
Neural correlates of infant action processing relate to theory of mind in early childhood
Authors: Filippi Courtney , Choi Yeo Bi , Fox Nathan A. , Woodward Amanda L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms that support infant action processing are thought to be involved in the development of later social cognition. While a growing body of research demonstrates longitudinal links between action processing and explicit theory of mind (TOM), it remains unclear why this link emerges in some measures of action encoding and not others. In this paper, we recruit neural measures as a unique lens into which aspects of human infant action processing (i.e., action encoding and action execution; age 7 months) are related to preschool TOM (age 3 years;n = 31). We test whether individual differences in recruiting the sensorimotor system or attention processes during action encoding predict individual differences in TOM. Results indicate that reduced occipital alpha during action encoding predicts TOM at age 3. This finding converges with behavioral work and suggests that attentional processes involved in action encoding may support TOM. We also test whether neural processing during action execution draws on the proto‐substrates of effortful control (EC). Results indicate that frontal alpha oscillatory activity during action execution predicted EC at age 3—providing strong novel evidence that infant brain activity is longitudinally linked to EC. Further, we demonstrate that EC mediates the link between the frontal alpha response and TOM. This indirect effect is specific in terms of direction, neural response, and behavior. Together, these findings converge with behavioral research and demonstrate that domain general processes show strong links to early infant action processing and TOM.
A 24‐week, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled clinical trial comparing bexagliflozin with sitagliptin as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults
Authors: Halvorsen Yuan‐Di , Lock John P. , Zhou Wenjiong , Zhu Fang , Freeman Mason W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the relative safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin and sitagliptin as adjuncts to metformin for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants (n = 386) were randomized to receive bexagliflozin (20 mg) or sitagliptin (100 mg) in addition to their existing doses of metformin. The primary endpoint was the non‐inferiority of bexagliflozin to sitagliptin for change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. Changes from baseline to week 24 in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass (in subjects with baseline body mass index ≥25 kg m−2) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were secondary endpoints.ResultsThe mean change from baseline to week 24 in HbA1c was −0.74 (95% CI −0.86%, −0.62%) in the bexagliflozin arm and −0.82% (95% CI −0.93%, −0.71%) in the sitagliptin arm, establishing non‐inferiority. The changes from baseline FPG, body mass and SBP were −1.82 mmol L−1, −3.35 kg and −4.23 mmHg in the bexagliflozin arm and −1.45 mmol L−1, −0.81 kg and −1.90 mmHg in the sitagliptin arm, respectively. These differences were significant for the first two measures (one‐sided P = 0.0123, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0276, respectively.) Adverse events were experienced by 47.1% of subjects in the bexagliflozin arm and 56.0% of subjects taking sitagliptin. Serious adverse events affected 3.7% of subjects in the bexagliflozin arm and 2.1% of subjects in the sitagliptin arm.ConclusionsBexagliflozin was non‐inferior to sitagliptin and provided benefits over sitagliptin in FPG and body mass. Adverse event incidences in the two arms were similar.
The first record of Botryodiplodia canker in Poland
Authors: Bartnik Czesław , Boroń Piotr , Michalcewicz Jakub , Ciach Michał 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study describes the first observation of Botryodiplodia canker in the Western Carpathians in south‐eastern Poland caused by Botryodiplodia hypodermia (Sacc.) Petr. (syn. Sphaeropsis hypodermia, S. ulmicola). The canker occurred on an approximately 17‐year‐old Ulmus glabra sapling in a mixed conifer/deciduous stand with elm trees severely damaged by Dutch elm disease. This paper describes disease symptoms and provides information on the macro‐ and micromorphology of the fungus isolated from the cankered tissues. The results of BLAST search using DNA sequences obtained for our cultures and subsequent phylogenetic positioning of the fungus among closely related Botryosphaeriaceae indicate that the species is much more closely related to Phaeobotryon than to the other Botryodiplodia or Sphaeropsis species. Moreover, a total of 16 polymorphisms within the ITS region were detected between S. ulmicola associated with Botryodiplodia canker in North America and B. hypodermia associated with the canker observed in Poland. Thus, the “European” variant of “Sphaeropsis” ulmicola can now be easily identified with our barcode sequences. The Botryodiplodia canker is much less prevalent in Europe than in North America. Differences in virulence of “American” and “European” linages and differences in susceptibility of various elm species may be the reason for the higher prevalence of the disease in North America.
Energy conservation in the gut microbe Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis is based on membrane‐bound ferredoxin oxidation coupled to heterodisulfide reduction
Authors: Kröninger Lena , Steiniger Fabian , Berger Stefanie , Kraus Sebastian , Welte Cornelia U. , Deppenmeier Uwe 
Published: June 2019

Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis was originally isolated from human feces and belongs to the seventh order of methanogens, the Methanomassiliicoccales, which are only distantly related to other methanogenic archaea. The organism forms methane from the reduction of methylamines or methanol using molecular hydrogen as reductant. The energy‐conserving system in M. luminyensis is unique and the enzymes involved in this process are not found in this combination in members of the other methanogenic orders. In this context our central question was how the organism is able to generate ATP. Energy transduction was dependent on a membrane‐bound ferredoxin: heterodisulfide oxidoreductase composed of reduced ferredoxin as an electron donor, at least one protein in the membrane fraction and the heterodisulfide reductase HdrD, which reduced the electron acceptor CoM‐S‐S‐CoB. Electron transfer of this respiratory chain proceeded with a rate of 145 nmol reduced heterodisulfide min−1·mg−1 membrane protein. Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis is the first example of a methanogenic archaeon that does not require Na+ ions for energy conservation. Only protons were used as coupling ions for the generation of the electrochemical ion gradient. The membrane‐bound F420H2:phenazine oxidoreductase complex (without the electron input module FpoF) probably catalyzed the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin and potentially acted as primary proton pump in this electron transport system. In summary, the energy‐conserving system of M. luminyensis possesses features found in the pathways of hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic/aceticlastic methanogenesis. Consequently, the composition of the enzymes involved in ion translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane is different from all other methanogenic archaea.
DIC‐based J‐integral evaluation of laser repaired cracks with micro/nanomaterial addition
Authors: Li Yinyin , Jiang Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCracks generated by a wire electric discharge machining on compact tension specimens are first repaired by high powered laser beam with different weight fractions of nano‐WC added at the crack tip. Digital image correlation method combined with J‐integral theory is used to measure and calculate J‐integrals of the repaired specimens. Fracture properties of the repaired specimens are compared and studied. The residual stress of specimens after being repaired by laser was also studied to analyze the feasibility of J‐integral to evaluate the fracture properties of the repaired parts. It is found that the influence of residual stress can be neglected when calculating J‐integral in a certain region in case of when the residual stress is small. The J‐integral obtained by the digital image correlation measurement is accurate and can effectively evaluate repairing effects. The paper provides guidance for laser repaired cracks with nanomaterial addition and an effective method for the evaluation of repairing effect.
Blast flagging of the Sysmex XN‐10 hematology analyzer with supervised cell image analysis: Impact on quality parameters
Authors: Petrone Jessica , Jackups Ronald , Eby Charles S. , Shimer Gail , Anderson Jeanne , Frater John L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Sysmex XN‐10 automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation) is routinely used in hematology laboratories to perform complete blood cell count with differential (CBC w/ diff). The sensitivity of this system for blast detection is unclear, since many prior studies evaluating the blast flagging capabilities of Sysmex XN series used the white precursor cell (WPC) channel, which is not cleared for use in the United States.MethodsWe assessed the blast flagging capabilities of the Sysmex XN‐10 compared with CellaVision (a cell image analyzer)‐assisted visual hematology results. We evaluated the following flags: “blasts?/abnormal lymph?” and “immature granulocytes present” and compared differences in turnaround time between methods.ResultsWe collected data on 2239 CBC w/ diff Sysmex automated analyzer differential and CellaVision‐assisted visual differential from the inpatient hematology‐oncology population of a tertiary care medical center. Solely analyzing the first CBC/diff from each unique patient, both flags had a combined sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 50.2%, PPV of 21.7%, and NPV of 100%. The mean turnaround time for the automated differential was 19.5 minutes (SD 35.9 minutes) compared with 66.4 minutes for the CellaVision‐assisted visual differential (SD 68.5 minutes; P < 0.001; Figure 1).ConclusionThe Sysmex XN‐10 abnormal lymphocyte/blast and immature granulocytes flags had excellent sensitivity and acceptable specificity in detecting circulating blasts with shorter turnaround time than the CellaVision‐assisted visual differential. Our study suggests that automated differentials performed on Sysmex XN‐10 can replace visual differentials as a first‐line screening method for blast detection with improved turnaround time in hematology‐oncology populations.
The applicability of multiparameter flow cytometry for the detection of minimal residual disease using different‐from‐normal panels to predict relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Guo Mengqiao , Zhang Yuesheng , Xu Sheng , Cheng Hui , Wu Jiawei , Zhang Weiping , Hu Xiaoxia , Yang Jianmin , Wang Jianmin , Tang Gusheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe MRD status detected using multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) has crucial prognostic value for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in morphologic complete remission (CR). We designed a novel panel of antibodies to identify aberrant differentiation/maturation profiles of residual leukemia cells in patients who were not diagnosed at our institution, relapsed with an antigenic shift, or lack leukemia‐associated immunophenotypes.MethodsWe compared the MRD status detected using MFC and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in the same 158 bone marrow samples collected from 44 AML patients carrying leukemia‐specific fusion genes. The clinical performance of the MFC‐based MRD status was analyzed in 168 AML patients who exhibited morphologic CR (135) or active disease (33) before HSCT.ResultsStrong concordance was found between MFC‐based and RT‐qPCR‐based MRD status (κ = 0.868). Among the patients displaying CR, the positive MRD status detected using MFC was correlated with a worse prognosis [HRs (P values) for relapse, event‐free survival, and overall survival: 4.83 (<0.001), 2.23 (0.003), and 1.79 (0.049), respectively]; the prognosis was similar to patients with an active disease before HSCT. Patients with a positive MRD before HSCT might experience a benefit from developing chronic graft‐vs‐host disease.ConclusionsThe assessment of MRD using our self‐built different‐from‐normal AML‐MRD detection panel exhibited reliable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In addition, patients with a positive MRD status before transplantation may have higher risk of relapse and worse survival.
Exploring patient preferences for involvement in medication management in hospitals
Authors: Bucknall Tracey , Digby Robin , Fossum Mariann , Hutchinson Alison M. , Considine Julie , Dunning Trisha , Hughes Lee , Weir‐Phyland Janet , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify patient preferences for involvement in medication management during hospitalization.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsThis is a study of 20 inpatients in two medical and two surgical wards at an academic health science centre in Melbourne, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were recorded and analysed using content analysis.FindingsThree themes were identified: (a) ‘understanding the medication’ established large variation in participants’ understanding of their pre‐admission medication and current medication; (b) ‘ownership of medication administration’ showed that few patients had considered an alternative to their current regimen; only some were interested in taking more control; and (c) ‘supporting discharge from hospital’ showed that most patients desired written medication instructions to be explained by a health professional. Family involvement was important for many.ConclusionThere was significant diversity of opinion from participants about their involvement in medication management in hospital. Patient preferences for inclusion need to be identified on admission where appropriate. Education about roles and responsibilities of medication management is required for health professionals, patients and families to increase inclusion and engagement across the health continuum and support transition to discharge.Impact statementLittle is known about patient preferences for participation in medication administration and hospital discharge planning. Individual patient understanding of and interest in participation in medication administration varies. In accordance with individual patient preferences, patients need to be included more effectively and consistently in their own medication management when in hospital.
The effectivness of a strengths‐oriented therapeutic conversation intervention on perceived support, well‐being and burden among family caregivers in palliative home‐care
Authors: Petursdottir Asta B. , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a two‐session multicomponent family strengths‐ oriented therapeutic conversation intervention among family caregivers of an individual with advanced/final stage cancer during ongoing palliative home‐care.BackgroundFamily caregivers of patients in the advanced/final phases of cancer, experience multifaceted psychological distress and morbidity. Psychosocial interventions improve the well‐being of family members who are caring for their close relative.DesignA pre‐experimental design with a one‐group pre‐test/posttests measurements.MethodsForty‐eight family caregivers were assigned to receive two 60–90 min sessions of the intervention. The primary outcome was perceived emotional and cognitive support and psychological well‐being, measured at baseline (T1). Then the participants were offered the first session of the intervention. About 1 week later, the second session was administered. The participants answered the same questionnaires again (T2) and then 2–4 weeks later (T3). The guideline; Criteria for Reporting Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions 2, guided the reporting of the study.ResultsFamily caregivers reported significantly higher emotional and cognitive support post‐intervention (T2) and at (T3). They also reported significantly reduced stress symptoms at (T3) and reduced caregiver burden post‐intervention (T2) and at (T3).ConclusionThe provision of the intervention contributed to extending knowledge about the usefulness of family conversations in the context of advanced/final stage cancer care.ImpactThere is a lack of knowledge about the benefit of therapeutic conversation interventions for family caregivers. The therapeutic conversation intervention offered, resulted in perceived support, decreased stress, and decreased caregiving demands among caregivers in palliative home‐care. Trial registration number: ISRCTN 21786830.
Lipidomic characteristics and clinical findings of epileptic patients treated with valproic acid
Authors: Li Rong , Qin Xingyue , Liang Xiaoliu , Liu Meizhen , Zhang Xiaoxi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur early study has found valproic acid (VPA)‐induced lipid dysmetabolism in animal model, however, the details of lipid profiling of VPA‐treated epileptic patients remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, the blood samples of VPA‐treated epileptic patients and VPA‐free controls were collected for lipidomic and biochemical assays. As results, clinical data showed the changes of some blood lipid molecules in VPA‐treated epileptic patients. In lipidomic assays, all 3797 annotated positive ions were identified prior to the data validation. In addition, the number of differentially expressed lipids were identified. And the 133 lipid molecules in VPA‐treated cases were significantly up‐regulated when compared to those in controls, while other 250 lipid metabolites were down‐regulated. Further, these lipid metabolites were mainly constituted with glycerolipids, glycerophopholipids, fatty acyls, sterol lipids. In addition, the most significant elevations of metabolite molecules of triglyceride, sphingomyelin, phosphorylcholine, ceramides, phenolic phthiocerol, as well as topped reductions of phosphoethanolamines, diradylglycerols, 1α,25‐dihydroxy‐24‐oxo‐22‐oxavitamin D3, 2‐deoxy‐20‐hydroxy‐5alpha‐ecdysone 3‐acetate, dolichyl‐4 phosphate were identified respectively. Taken together, these clinical findings demonstrate that negative impacts of exposure to VPA on expression of lipid mediators, progressively disrupting the functions of lipid molecules. Interestingly, these differentially expressed metabolites may be potential biomarkers for screening VPA‐induced dyslipidemia.
Little to no inbreeding depression in a tapeworm with mixed mating
Authors: Caballero Isabel C. , Criscione Charles D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeta‐studies on hermaphrodites have found a negative relationship between primary selfing rates and levels of inbreeding depression (ID) and, thus, generally support purging in inbred systems. However, in plants, high among‐taxa variance in ID results in no difference in the mean ID between outcrossing and mixed‐mating taxa. Selective interference likely explains high ID among mixed‐mating taxa, whereas low levels of ID among mixed‐mating taxa are not as stressed. Among animal hermaphrodites, primarily molluscs, there are little data on mixed‐mating systems. To fill a taxonomic and mating system gap, we tested for ID in a mixed‐mating tapeworm, Oochoristica javaensis. We provide a direct estimate of ID across infection of an intermediate host by comparing selfing rates at two life history stages. We found little to no evidence for ID, and the level of ID falls in line with what is reported for highly selfing species even though O. javaensis has mixed mating. We discuss this result within the context of kin mating in O. javaensis. Our results emphasize that primary selfing rates alone may be insufficient to classify the inbreeding history in all species when testing for a relationship to ID. Mixed‐mating taxa, and possibly some outcrossing taxa, may exhibit low levels of ID if biparental inbreeding is also driving purging. We advocate that ID studies report estimates of inbreeding history (e.g. FIS or identity disequilibrium) from nature‐derived adult samples to provide context rather than relying on primary selfing rates alone.