bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence gap map of performance measurement and management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries – Study protocol
Authors: Munar Wolfgang , Snilstveit Birte , Stevenson Jennifer , Biswas Nilakshi , Eyers John , Butera Gisela , Baffour Theresa , Aranda Ligia E. 
Published: May 2018

Background.For the last two decades there has been growing interest in governmental and global health stakeholders about the role that performance measurement and management systems can play for the production of high-quality and safely delivered primary care services. Despite recognition and interest, the gaps in evidence in this field of research and practice in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly characterized. This study will develop an evidence gap map in the area of performance management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries.Methods.The evidence gap map will follow the methodology developed by 3Ie, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, to systematically map evidence and research gaps. The process starts with the development of the scope by creating an evidence-informed framework that helps identify the interventions and outcomes of relevance as well as help define inclusion and exclusion criteria. A search strategy is then developed to guide the systematic search of the literature, covering the following databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CAB Global Health (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), Cochrane Library, Scopus (Elsevier), and Econlit (Ovid). Sources of grey literature are also searched. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria are systematically coded, extracting data on intervention, outcome, measures, context, geography, equity, and study design. Systematic reviews are also critically appraised using an existing standard checklist. Impact evaluations are not appraised but will be coded according to study design. The process of map-building ends with the creation of an evidence gap map graphic that displays the available evidence according to the intervention and outcome framework of interest.Discussion. Applications arising from the evidence map will be discussed in a separate paper that will summarize findings and make recommendations for the development of a prioritized research agenda.
Sex-Specific Versus Overall Clinical Decision Limits for Cardiac Troponin I and T for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kimenai Dorien M , Janssen Emma B N J , Eggers Kai M , Lindahl Bertil , den Ruijter Hester M , Bekers Otto , Appelman Yolande , Meex Steven J R 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The overall clinical decision limits of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI; 26 ng/L) and T (hs-cTnT; 14 ng/L) may contribute to underdiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in women. We performed a systematic review to investigate sex-specific and overall 99th percentiles of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT derived from healthy reference populations.

CONTENT
We searched in PubMed and EMBASE for original studies, and by screening reference lists. Reference populations designed to establish 99th percentiles of hs-cTnI (Abbott) and/or hs-cTnT (Roche), published between January 2009 and October 2017, were included. Sex-specific and overall 99th percentile values of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were compared with overall clinical decision ranges (hs-cTnI, 23–30 ng/L; hs-cTnT, 13–25 ng/L). Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Of 16 hs-cTnI and 18 hs-cTnT studies, 14 (87.5%) and 11 (61.1%) studies reported lower female-specific hs-cTn cutoffs than overall clinical decision ranges, respectively. Conversely, male-specific thresholds of both hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were in line with currently used overall thresholds, particularly hs-cTnT (90% concordance). The variation of estimated overall 99th percentiles was much higher for hs-cTnI than hs-cTnT (29.4% vs 80.0% of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT studies reported values within the current overall clinical decision range, respectively).

SUMMARY
Our data show substantially lower female-specific upper reference limits of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT than overall clinical decision limits of 26 ng/L and 14 ng/L, respectively. The statistical approach strongly affects the hs-cTnI threshold. Downward adjustment of hs-cTn thresholds in women may be warranted to reduce underdiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in women.
Ascaris suum Cuticle Ultrastructure Due to the In Vitro Application of Ethanol Extract to Fruits Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’
Authors: Haryatmi Dwi , Astirin Okid Parama , Widiyani Tetri 
Published: May 2018

Species of Musa have various activities, one of which is anthelmintic activity. Part of banana plants that can be used as anthelmintic is part of the fruit, because of the phytochemical content possessed. Tannin is able to inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase, damage the membrane of the worm and can precipitate the protein. The purpose of this research is to know the content of tannin and also total tannin level on ethanol extract of Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’ and in vitro effect of the extract on Ascaris suum cuticle. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed of ethanol extract of Ambon banana containing tannin with a total test of tannin was 54.98% w/w. In vitro at negative control (NaCl 0.9%) worm death occurred at 289 hours, positive control (pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/ml) at 1 hour, extract concentration 200 mg/ml at hour 27 and concentration 400 mg/ml at 1 hour. Histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope showed a degenerative change in ultrastructures of the worm's cuticle. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that exposure of ethanol extract to Ambon banana give a damaging effect to cuticle ultrastructure in the form of crack/break, perforation and separation of muscular from cuticle and edema on A. suum worm. High tannin content in the raw/green ambon banana, can be developed to eradicate ascariasis including egg stage which until now cannot be done with synthetic drugs due to the thickness and strength of layers of worm eggs consisting of layers of protein and lipids.
Mealworm Powder as Culture Media of Local Isolate Semarang Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: Widiyaningrum Priyantini , Khasanah Minnathul , Indriyanti Dyah Rini 
Published: May 2018

Many researchers confirmed that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema can be cultivated in vitro using artificial media that containing animal nutrition. However, artificial media with insect component hasn’t been widely studied. This research aims to analyze the population of EPNs isolate of Semarang cultivated in mealworm powder media. Five doses of mealworm powder (Tenebrio molitor) were tested in this research, i.e: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 g. Culture media using 1 g of mealworm larvae was used as control. The best treatment was further tested for its pathogenicity on Macrotermes sp. at seven levels of invective juveniles (IJs) : 0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300 IJs/mL. Each treatment was repeated five times. The EPNs population and termites mortality were analyzed using ANAVA, whereas pathogenic value was calculated using Probit analysis. The result showed EPNs population were significantly (LSD test; α> 0.05), likewise on termites mortality. The EPNs isolate of Semarang optimally at 0.5 g mealworm powder and pathogenicity against termites based on LD50 and LD90 values at 220 JI/mL and 410 JI/mL doses, respectively. In conclusion, this result can be an alternative to mass cultivation of EPNs, in effort of development of local bioinsecticides. The findings of this study also inform farmers that EPNs can be easily cultivated using the simple and available materials.
Diversity of Species and Conservation Priority of Butterfly at Suranadi Natural Park of West Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa , Idrus Agil Al , Santoso Didik 
Published: May 2018

Butterflies play an important role in the ecosystem of Suranadi Natural Park in West Lombok. Butterflies help preserving the existence and diversity of flora by facilitating the process of pollination so it is crucial for flowering plants. The present study aimed at analyzing the diversity and determining the priority of butterfly conservation at Suranadi Natural Park of West Lombok. This exploration is a descriptive study. Data were observed in four-time repetition in the morning and in the afternoon for two months. The sweeping net technique following observation path was employed in this research (line left, line right, line central and line waterway). The data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and priority for conservation determined by Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number: P.57 / Menhut-II / 2008. Fourty (40) species of butterflies belonging to 5 families identified. The diversity index (H ') of butterflies ranges from 2.63 to 3.43 (medium-high). The two species of the Papilionidae family found at TWA Suranadi, namely, Troides helena and Papilio memnon were the priority of conservation. This research would be helpful to consider conservation strategy and ecotourism.
Degradabilidad ruminal de la materia orgánica de variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a sequía
Authors: Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo , Ray Ramírez Jorge Valentín , La O León Orestes , Reyes Pérez Juan José 
Published: May 2018

The main limitation of tropical grasses is their high content of structural carbohydrates, which determine the use of grass by animals. When pastures or forages grow in adverse ecosystems there are important changes in the ruminal degradability of the compounds of interest. The objective was to characterize, at different ages of regrowth, the in situ ruminal degradability of the organic matter of different varieties of Cenchrus purpureus genetically improved to tolerate dry environments. Three drought tolerant varieties (CT-601, CT-603, and CT-605) were taken at different regrowth ages (60, 80, 100, and 120 days). Two fistulated Creole cows of 400 ± 50 kg of live weight were used. The bags were introduced in the rumen for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, the estimation of the rumen degradation was made fitting the data to the exponential equation (a + b) * (1-e (-c * t)). The best performance in situ ruminal degradability of the potentially degradable fraction (a + b) of leaves was observed at the age of eighty days, while the effect of the degradation dynamics due to the effect of regrowth age was common for leaves and stems. Fraction degradation values did not exceed 10% for leaves and stems; however, the degradation of b showed values that exceeded 71% for leaves and 30% for stems. The new varieties showed a ruminal fermentation pattern close to 50%, characteristic of tropical grasses.
Jejunal duvar kalınlaşmasının nadir bir nedeni: Primer seröz papiller peritoneal karsinoma
Authors: COŞKUN Banu Demet , SEVİNÇ Eylem 
Published: May 2018

Primer seröz papiller peritoneal karsinoma, peritonun nadir görülen bir adenokarsinomudur ve histolojik özellikleri overin seröz papiller karsinomu ile benzerdir. Ancak primer seröz papiller peritoneal karsinomada tipik olarak overler normaldir. Sıklıkla postmenapozal kadınlarda (ortalama yaş 55-65) görülür. En sık görülen bulgular asit ve karsinoembriyonik antijen-125 yüksekliğidir. Abdominal bilgisayarlı tomografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntülemelerde asit, peritoneal kalınlaşma, omental kek ve intraabdominal kitle görülen bulgulardır. Bu yazımızda jejunoileal duvar kalınlaşması ve asit ile başvuran ve primer seröz papiller peritoneal karsinoma tanısı alan olgu sunuldu. Literatürde jejunaileal tutulum ile prezente olan ilk vakadır.
Changes in serum levels of cytokeratin-18 fragments in patients with chronic hepatitis C under antiviral therapy
Authors: KANDEMİR Altay , ÇELİK Mustafa , ÜNSAL Belkis 
Published: May 2018

Background and Aims: Cytokeratin-18 is the known substrate for caspases, which are encountered during hepatic and pancreatic acinar apoptosis. Studies performed in recent years have indicated that the cleavage level of serum cytokeratin-18 (M30 antigen) is correlated with hepatic fibrosis and disease severity in both chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. It was shown that antiviral therapy in chronic viral hepatitis C patients significantly reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and cytokeratin-18 is accepted as a reliable marker of hepatocyte apoptosis. Our aim was to determine the correlation between the cytokeratin-18 level and treatment response in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with chronic viral hepatitis C were included in the study. A 48-week course of peginterferon- ribavirin therapy was given to appropriate patients. Hepatitis C virus RNA was measured at 0, 12, and 24 weeks at the end of therapy and 72 weeks. In addition, cytokeratin-18 levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 weeks. Results: The mean age of 60 patients was 52±10.9 years. While 31 (51.6%) of patients were in the sustained viral response group, 29 (8.4%) of patients were in the non-sustained viral response group. It was determined that while the cytokeratin-18 level at week 0 in the sustained viral response group was 243±21, the cytokeratin-18 level at week 24 was 115±12 U/L and the difference between the level of cytokeratin-18 at weeks 0 and 24 were 127±209 U/L (p: .014). While the cytokeratin-18 level at week 0 in the non- sustained viral response group was 270±14; at week 24, the cytokeratin-18 level was 136±19 U/L and the difference between cytokeratin-18 levels at weeks 0 and 24 was 136±156 U/L (p &gt; .5). At week 72, the cytokeratin-18 level in the sustained viral response group was 109±38 and the difference between weeks 0 and 72 was 134±215 (p &lt; .002). Conclusion: In chronic viral hepatitis C patients, there was a correlation between sustained viral response and cytokeratin-18, which is a marker of apoptosis. During treatment, it was found that there was a relationship between sustained viral response and the decrease in cytokeratin-18 levels. Thisfinding indicates that cytokeratin-18 level monitoring may be used as a predictive marker of sustained viral response.
After the Failed Military Coup: The Need for the Organizational Reform in the Turkish Military
Authors: ERDAĞ Ramazan 
Published: May 2018

The
failed military coup of July 15, 2016, led by the Fetullah Terrorist
Organization (FETO), indicates that military reform in Turkey at the
operational level needs to be re-considered as an extremely urgent issue. The Justice
and Development Party (AK Party) governments have made very notable structural
changes in the military and have tried to control the military politically and
organizationally. The need for military reform in Turkey derives from two
primary reasons: the tendency of coup action and the need to improve the
military’s effectiveness. This article highlights the importance of reforms actualized
at the strategic level during the Justice and Development Party era. It also points out the need for
organizational reform in the military; reform which should be done by the
civilian government in order to cope with challenges.
Experimental Study of CO2 Absorption in Potassium Carbonate Solution Promoted by Triethylenetetramine
Authors: Ramezani Rouzbeh , Mazinani Saeed , Di Felice Renzo 
Published: May 2018

Background:

Separation of CO

2

as the major cause of global warming is essential.
In this work, potassium carbonate (K

2

CO

3

) solution was selected as a base solvent for CO

2

absorption due to its ease of regeneration energy, low cost and low environmental impact. However, the absorption rate of CO

2

with K

2

CO

3

needs to be improved by adding a suitable promoter. Therefore, the performance of CO

2

in K

2

CO

3

solution promoted by triethylenetetramine (TETA) in terms of absorption capacity and absorption rate of CO2 was studied.

Method:
Experiments were conducted at a total concentration of 2.5 (M) with different TETA mole fractions at temperatures of 303, 313 and 323 K, and CO2 partial pressure up to 30 kPa using a stirred cell reactor. The effect of CO2 partial pressure, temperature and concentration of TETA on absorption capacity and absorption rate of CO2 in K2CO3+TETA solution was discussed in detail.

Results:
The CO2 loading capacity obtained in this work was compared with monoethanolamine (MEA) and a better performance was observed for K2CO3+TETA solution. In addition, experimental results revealed that the addition of TETA to K2CO3 improved the CO2 reaction rate. Finally, the response surface methodology was employed to correlate the CO2 solubility. It was found that the correlated data are in good agreement with the experiment results.

Conclusion:
As an overall conclusion, the solution of K2CO3+TETA can be used as a promising absorbent in post combustion CO2 capture processes.
Data-Driven Learning in High-Resolution Activity Sampling From Patients With Bipolar Depression: Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Rohani Darius Adam , Tuxen Nanna , Quemada Lopategui Andrea , Kessing Lars Vedel , Bardram Jakob Eyvind 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundBehavioral activation is a pen and paper-based therapy form for treating depression. The patient registers their activity hourly, and together with the therapist, they agree on a plan to change behavior. However, with the limited clinical personnel, and a growing patient population, new methods are needed to advance behavioral activation.ObjectiveThe objectives of this paper were to (1) automatically identify behavioral patterns through statistical analysis of the paper-based activity diaries, and (2) determine whether it is feasible to move the behavioral activation therapy format to a digital solution.MethodsWe collected activity diaries from seven patients with bipolar depression, covering in total 2,480 hours of self-reported activities. A pleasure score, on a 1-10 rating scale, was reported for each activity. The activities were digitalized into 6 activity categories, and statistical analyses were conducted.ResultsAcross all patients, movement-related activities were associated with the highest pleasure score followed by social activities. On an individual level, through a nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, one patient had a statistically significant larger amount of spare time activities when feeling bad (z=–2.045, P=.041). Through a within-subject analysis of covariance, the patients were found to have a better day than the previous, if that previous day followed their diurnal rhythm (ρ=.265, P=.029). Furthermore, a second-order trend indicated that two hours of daily social activity was optimal for the patients (β2=–0.08, t (63)=–1.22, P=.23).ConclusionsThe data-driven statistical approach was able to find patterns within the behavioral traits that could assist the therapist in as well as help design future technologies for behavioral activation.
Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in upper airway volume in growing skeletal Class II patients following mandibular advancement treatment with functional orthopedic appliances
Authors: Isidor Stig , Di Carlo Gabriele , Cornelis Marie A. , Isidor Flemming , Cattaneo Paolo M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess three-dimensionally the upper airway changes following functional appliance treatment in growing Class II patients.

Materials and Methods:
Pre-and post-treatment Cone beam computed tomography scans of 20 patients (age range: 9 to 12; mean: 11.4 ± 1.0 years) were retrieved from the list of patients previously treated with functional appliances in the Postgraduate Clinic at the Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Denmark. Total and partial volumes of the upper airway (ie, lower nasopharynx, velopharynx, and oropharynx) were calculated. To rule out the effect of growth, the changes in the functional appliance group were compared to an age-matched Class I group of 18 patients (age range: 8 to 14; mean: 11.8 ± 1.4 years).

Results:
In the functional appliance group, all the partial and total volumes were significantly larger at the end of treatment when compared to the start of treatment (P &lt; .003). On the other hand, when comparing the changes for the total and partial volumes of the upper airway in the functional appliance group with the Class I group, a statistical difference was seen only for the oropharynx (P = .022) and total volume (P = .025), with the functional appliance group showing a larger volume increment.

Conclusions:
An increase in the upper airway volume was found after treatment with functional appliances. This difference was mainly related to the changes at the oropharynx level, which differed significantly from what was observed in the Class I group.
Occupational Safety And Health (Osh) From Islamic Perspective: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Ismail Afifah Binti , Bin Ahmad Razimi Mohd Shahril 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates occupational safety and health (OSH) based on Islamic perspective in human resource management. This paper has been written based on the following objectives; a)to state the duty of employer to provide safety workplace and to concern on employee health; b)to list out the management system of OSH based on Islamic perspective as preventive measure.A purely qualitative approach of literature review was done and Islamic OSH is derived from Islamic principles which are guide by Al-Quran and sunnah. The responsibility to preserve safety and health of employee does not only relies to the employer solely but involved all workers, the government and the authority bodies as the runner for the Occupational safety and Health Act OSHA 1994, Islamic order’s and policy to be implemented in the organization. The Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan (OSHMP) 2020 is a tremendous incentive by the Ministry of Human Resource to cope and minimize the number of accident and injuries in Malaysia. Keywords: Islamic occupational safety and health, employee safety and health, Islamic management system of OSH
An absence of rights: Homeless families and social housing marketisation in Ireland
Authors: Hearne Rory , Murphy Mary 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the outcomes of a participatory research process with homeless parents living in Dublin-based emergency accommodation, during which a critical appraisal of a range of government schemes was coconstructed. The focus is on examining the impacts on vulnerable families of the marketisation of social housing. This is examined through the homeless families’ attempts to procure private rented housing using the Housing Assistance Payment (HAP) and their experience of life in family hub emergency accommodation. The significant challenges experienced by homeless families are examined from the perspectives of human rights and capability theory. The paper concludes that the Rent Supplement, Rental Accommodation Scheme and HAP are costly market-oriented schemes and unlikely to provide satisfactory long-term housing solutions, while family hubs are far from ideal from a capability or human rights perspective. Only a significant increase in the direct provision of social housing by local authorities and housing associations can provide ontological security and well-being, and advance human-rights-based social housing.