bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Inventive Design Education through the Correlation between Students’ Grades and Individual Talent
Authors: Becattini Niccolo , Cascini Gaetano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper aims at assessing the impact of inventive design education on students attending a class on Methods and Tools for Systematic Innovation. The study stems from the difficulty to understand how much personal inventive talent influences the final evaluation, especially in a context where students are asked to solve open problems, as conceptual design ones. To overcome the potential bias due to the individual talent, the authors propose to determine the impact of their teaching activity by means of an ex-ante/ex-post correlation analysis. Several cohorts of students along the years have been asked to solve some design problems at the beginning of the course, when no topics have been thought yet. An adapted creativity metrics enriched to map course contents measures the students' performance at the beginning ot the class (ex-ante). These results get correlated to the students' final grades (ex-post) in order to highlight areas where teaching has a stronger impact and those where talent remains predominant.
Renewal of Design Teaching Resources by the Practice of Environmental Scanning
Authors: Roumy Akue Magali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTeachers' resources renewal is a critical aspect of design education. Design teachers update and renew their resources to keep their lectures and project topics up to date, in line with contemporary issues and societal changes, and to assure their lifelong learning and professional development. Yet, few studies were published on resource renewal process in design education. Researches usually focus on teaching resources and cultural capital qualification. This paper analyses the resource renewal process in design education. Our methodology comprehends the construction of a conceptual framework based on Environmental Scanning, which was studied through a qualitative study involving fifteen design teachers in France. Our results show that design teachers update and renew teaching resources according to their personal areas of interest and students' needs. Their renewal process is different depending on whether they are creating lectures and topics, they are working with other teachers or with external partners. Relationships and networks appear important, teachers rely on their network of colleagues, design practitioners and project partners to access emerging issues.
Student Reflections on Needs Finding in Community-Based Design Work
Authors: Loweth Robert P. , Daly Shanna R. , Sienko Kathleen H. , Liu Jiangqiong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReflection is an important component in design skill development that helps designers better understand their design problem, develop better solutions, and improve their design approaches. This study explored the information that a student design team reflected on as part of a needs finding experience and the outcomes from these reflections. During the needs finding experience, the team exhibited reflection-in- action behavior as they used available data to form and iterate on explanatory hypotheses about potential community needs. After the needs finding experience, the team exhibited reflection-on-action behavior as they drew connections between their interview approaches and stakeholder responses and discussed changes they might make in the future. The team also identified situations where contextual factors of the stakeholder impacted their interviews, but during these reflections did not indicate how they might adapt their approaches to account for such factors in the future. These findings show that student designers can use reflection as a tool to improve their needs finding process but would benefit from pedagogical structures that might help them reflect more effectively.
Students’ Comprehension of Design Collaborations with External Organizations
Authors: Gottlieb Laura , Eriksson Yvonne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis pilot study examines how design students comprehend collaborations with external organizations— the roles and involvement of different actors in a design process. The study looks at two undergraduate courses where a total of 33 design students collaborate with a municipality and governmental agency. Data focuses on the students' terminology in regard to the external organizations and is collected through questionnaires, voice recording, workshops and written assignments. The data analysis is both quantitative and qualitative, focusing on the word frequency and semantics of the terminology. The results show that the students were not used to working closely to external organizations. This is reflected in the prevalent use of the term “client” instead of “collaborative partner”. Not working closely with organizations nor users is reflected in the students’ inabilities to handle the complexities that emerge when working with multiple stakeholder and users. At the end of the paper, suggestions are made of ways to develop students’ comprehension of ways to involve external organizations and users in the design process.
Drivers and Guidelines in Design for Qualification Using Additive Manufacturing in Space Applications
Authors: Dordlofva Christo , Borgue Olivia , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent years, reducing cost and lead time in product development and qualification has become decisive to stay competitive in the space industry. Introducing Additive Manufacturing (AM) could potentially be beneficial from this perspective, but high demands on product reliability and lack of knowledge about AM processes make implementation challenging. Traditional approaches to qualification are too expensive if AM is to be used for critical applications in the near future. One alternative approach is to consider qualification as a design factor in the early phases of product development, potentially reducing cost and lead time for development and qualification as products are designed to be qualified. The presented study has identified factors that drive qualification activities in the space industry and these “qualification drivers” serve as a baseline for a set of proposed strategies for developing “Design for Qualification” guidelines for AM components. The explicit aim of these guidelines is to develop products that can be qualified, as well as appropriate qualification logics. The presented results provide a knowledge-base for the future development of such guidelines.
Goal Oriented Provision of Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing to Support Conceptual Design
Authors: Schumacher Felix , Watschke Hagen , Kuschmitz Sebastian , Vietor Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) offers a new degree in design freedom. However, in order to exploit AM's potentials in end-use products a methodical approach and suitable tools especially during conceptual design are needed. This paper presents a methodology for application in industrial practice, which should support the component conception for additively manufactured products. The approach focuses on a benefit-oriented preparation and provision of knowledge. In addition to general design methods for abstraction and promotion of creativity, AM-specific tools are introduced which support the provision of solution principles and process-specific restrictions. A broad applicability of the solution principles is ensured by an expansion of the solution space through abstraction. Consequently, product developers are sensitised to the new design possibilities of AM, on the one hand. On the other hand, they are supported in a holistic exploitation of design potentials in ideation in order to foster innovative solution ideas. Finally, the methodological procedure and the developed tools will be demonstrated in a workshop by using an example from industrial practice of the automotive sector.
Assessing Regulatory Focus Differences in Creative Ideation: An Examination of Prevention and Promotion Mindsets on Novelty and Usefulness
Authors: Meurzec Rianne Wally , Koh Brandon , Koronis Georgios , Kang Jacob Kai Siang , Yogiaman Christine , Silva Arlindo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to compare impact of regulatory focuses, namely preventive and promotional contexts, on creative ideation measured by novelty and usefulness. The study consisted of Singaporean students from an undergraduate university, and assessed their personality using the Big Five, Regulatory Focus, Creativity type and creativity outcomes measured with the Consensual Assessment Technique by completing a Collaborative Sketch exercise. Participants were randomly assigned to either the preventive, promotional or a baseline condition and tasked with a design problem necessitating a solution in the form of sketches. This study found the three conditions to yield significantly different novelty scores, but not usefulness scores. The most impactful condition on novelty was the baseline, indicating novice designers are capable of creating novel products and services. Those in the promotion condition created the second most novel sketches, or design solutions, followed lastly by the prevention condition. This may be so as novice designers consider larger space of solutions and may generate more ideas. This research is useful in creative pedagogy and for design professionals.
Design for Mass Adaptation of the Neurointerventional Training Model HANNES with Patient-Specific Aneurysm Models
Authors: Spallek Johanna , Kuhl Juliane , Wortmann Nadine , Buhk Jan-Hendrik , Frölich Andreas Maximilian , Nawka Marie Teresa , Kyselyova Anna , Fiehler Jens , Krause Dieter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA neurointerventional training model called HANNES (Hamburg ANatomical NEurointerventional Simulator) has been developed to replace animal models in catheter-based aneurysm treatment training. A methodical approach to design for mass adaptation is applied so that patient-specific aneurysm models can be designed recurrently based on real patient data to be integrated into the training system.HANNES’ modular product structure designed for mass adaptation consists of predefined and individualized modules that can be combined for various training scenarios. Additively manufactured, individualized aneurysm models enable high reproducibility of real patient anatomies. Due to the implementation of a standardized individualization process, order-related adaptation can be realized for each new patient anatomy with modest effort. The paper proves how the application of design for mass adaptation leads to a well-designed modular product structure of the neurointerventional training model HANNES, which supports quality treatment and provides an animal-free and patient-specific training environment.
The epistemology of lethality: Bullets, knowledge trajectories, kinetic effects
Authors: Ford Matthew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe science of ammunition lethality is a field that seeks to define the point at which military ordnance takes life and produces death. By historicising lethality's epistemology, I reveal the intellectual fissures and scientific uncertainties that have been reified and embedded into contemporary conceptions of military power. This not only tells us something about the processes by which science is subordinated to war, but also offers a new lens from which to consider the way knowledge claims about battle are co-constructed and legitimated through military practices. As a result, this article places science back into a narrative that otherwise frames the ontology of war in terms of fighting.
Architecture as event space: Violence, securitisation, and resistance
Authors: Shapiro Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCentral to the conception of this article is the architectural theorist Bernard Tschumi's dictum, ‘There is no architecture without action, no architecture without events, no architecture without program … no architecture without violence.’ Shaped as well by Eyal Weizman's conception of ‘forensic architecture’, the focus of the investigation is on Israel's architecture of security and on the corresponding Palestinian architecture of resistance. Emphasising an encounter of cartographies that reveals the way Palestinians make life livable in response to the architectural violence they face, the analysis continues with reference to Yari Sharif's analysis of architectures of resistance and with a reading of a feature film, Hany Abu-Assad'sOmar(2013) in which the Separation Wall between Israel and Palestine is one of the film's primary agent/protagonists. The article surveys popular culture texts, focused on crime and espionage to analyse a range of security practices and breaches that amplify the analysis with attention to security issues in individual households, multiple-person dwelling arrangements, architectural locations throughout cities, and buildings housing governmental security agencies. That trajectory of architectural sites lends a micropolitical analysis to the macropolitical level of governmental policy and modes of resistance to it.
Wavelet-spectral analysis of droplet-laden isotropic turbulence
Authors: Freund Andreas , Ferrante Antonino 
Published: July 2019

The spectrum of turbulence kinetic energy for homogeneous turbulence is generally computed using the Fourier transform of the velocity field from physical three-dimensional space to wavenumber $k$. This analysis works well for single-phase homogeneous turbulent flows. In the case of multiphase turbulent flows, instead, the velocity field is non-smooth at the interface between the carrier fluid and the dispersed phase; thus, the energy spectra computed via Fourier transform exhibit spurious oscillations at high wavenumbers. An alternative definition of the spectrum uses the wavelet transform, which can handle discontinuities locally without affecting the entire spectrum while additionally preserving spatial information about the field. In this work, we propose using the wavelet energy spectrum to study multiphase turbulent flows. Also, we propose a new decomposition of the wavelet energy spectrum into three contributions corresponding to the carrier phase, droplets and interaction between the two. Lastly, we apply the new wavelet-decomposition tools in analysing the direct numerical simulation data of droplet-laden decaying isotropic turbulence (in absence of gravity) of Dodd & Ferrante (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 806, 2016, pp. 356–412). Our results show that, in comparison to the spectrum of the single-phase case, the droplets (i) do not affect the carrier-phase energy spectrum at high wavenumbers ($k_{m}/k_{min}\geqslant 128$), (ii) increase the energy spectrum at high wavenumbers ($k_{m}/k_{min}\geqslant 256$) by increasing the interaction energy spectrum at these wavenumbers and (iii) decrease the energy at low wavenumbers ($k_{m}/k_{min}\leqslant 16$) by increasing the dissipation rate at these wavenumbers.
The effect of aspect ratio on the wake structure of finite wall-mounted square cylinders
Authors: Yauwenas Yendrew , Porteous Ric , Moreau Danielle J. , Doolan Con J. 
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a combined experimental and large-eddy simulation study to characterise the effect of aspect ratio on the near-wake structure of a square finite wall-mounted cylinder (FWMC). The cylinder aspect ratios (span $L$ to width $W$) investigated in the experiments were $1.4\leqslant L/W\leqslant 21.4$ and the oncoming boundary-layer thicknesses were $1.3W$ and $0.9W$ at a Reynolds number based on cylinder width of $1.4\times 10^{4}$ and $1.1\times 10^{4}$, respectively. In complementary simulations, the cylinder aspect ratios investigated were 1.4, 4.3, 10 and 18.6. The cylinder wake structure was visualised in three-dimensional space using a vortex core detection method and decomposed to its oscillation modes using the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) technique. A parametric diagram is proposed to predict whether the time-averaged wake structure is a dipole or a quadrupole pattern, based on oncoming boundary-layer height and aspect ratio. Cellular shedding occurs when the aspect ratio is high with up to three shedding cells occurring across the span for aspect ratios $L/W>18$. Each of these cells sheds at a distinct frequency, as evidenced by the spectral content of the surface pressure measured on the side face and the near-wake velocity. Amplitude modulation is also observed in the vortex shedding, which explains the amplitude modulation of the acoustic pressure emitted by square FWMCs. SPOD is shown to be a viable method to identify the occurrence of cellular shedding in the wake.
Adult Attachment and Mindfulness on Mental Health: A Systematic Research Synthesis
Authors: Jaurequi Matthew E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Interest in the relationship between adult attachment and mindfulness has mushroomed over the past decade. Yet the associations between adult attachment and mindfulness related to mental health is less understood. This article provides a systematic research synthesis to elucidate the relationship between adult attachment, mindfulness, and mental health. Findings from 10 empirical articles identified that anxious and avoidant attachment and mindfulness together related to depression, anxiety, psychological functioning, and cortisol response. The effects of adult attachment and mindfulness on mental health is an exciting area for research and practice that can be advanced by the inclusion of key romantic relationship processes and partners within longitudinal or experimental study designs.
Rate of gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural nulliparous women: a prospective cohort analysis from China
Authors: Zhou Yubo , Li Hongtian , Zhang Yali , Zhang Le , Liu Jufen , Liu Jianmeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoth inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have been shown to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the risk profiles of GWG rate are unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between GWG rate in the second/third trimester and a spectrum of pregnancy outcomes. This study consisted of 14 219 Chinese rural nulliparous women who participated in a randomised controlled trial of prenatal micronutrient supplementation during 2006–2009. The outcomes included stillbirth, neonatal and infant death, preterm birth, macrosomia, low birth weight (LBW) and large and small for gestational age (LGA and SGA, respectively). GWG rate was divided into quintiles within each BMI category. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the lowest quintile had higher risks of neonatal death (adjusted OR 2·27; 95 % CI 1·03, 5·02), infant death (adjusted OR 1·85; 95 % CI 1·02, 3·37) and early preterm birth (adjusted OR 2·33; 95 % CI 1·13, 4·77), while those in the highest quintile had higher risks of overall preterm birth (adjusted OR 1·28; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·59), late preterm birth (adjusted OR 1·25; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·56), LBW (adjusted OR 1·48; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·15), macrosomia (adjusted OR 1·89; 95 % CI 1·46, 2·45) and LGA (adjusted OR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·31, 1·85). In conclusion, very low and very high GWG rates in the second/third trimester appear to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese nulliparous women, indicating that an appropriate GWG rate during pregnancy is necessary for neonatal health.
Clinical Relevance of Home Monitoring of Vital Signs and Blood Glucose Levels: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lee Jessica P. , Freeman Georgina , Cheng Michelle , Brown Lauren , De la Hoz Siegler Hector , Conly John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to assess the presence and reporting quality of peer-reviewed literature concerning the accuracy, precision, and reliability of home monitoring technologies for vital signs and glucose determinations in older adult populations.MethodsA narrative literature review was undertaken searching the databases Medline, Embase, and Compendex. Peer-reviewed publications with keywords related to vital signs, monitoring devices and technologies, independent living, and older adults were searched. Publications between the years 2012 and 2018 were included. Two reviewers independently conducted title and abstract screening, and four reviewers independently undertook full-text screening and data extraction with all disagreements resolved through discussion and consensus.ResultsTwo hundred nine articles were included. Our review showed limited assessment and low-quality reporting of evidence concerning the accuracy, precision, and reliability of home monitoring technologies. Of 209 articles describing a relevant device, only 45 percent (n = 95) provided a citation or some evidence to support their validation claim. Of forty-eight articles that described the use of a comparator device, 65 percent (n = 31) used low-quality statistical methods, 23 percent (n = 11) used moderate-quality statistical methods, and only 12 percent (n = 6) used high-quality statistical methods.ConclusionsOur review found that current validity claims were based on low-quality assessments that do not provide the necessary confidence needed by clinicians for medical decision-making purposes. This narrative review highlights the need for standardized health technology reporting to increase health practitioner confidence in these devices, support the appropriate adoption of such devices within the healthcare system, and improve health outcomes.
Virtual dissection and endocast three-dimensional reconstructions: maximizing computed tomographic data for procedural planning of an obstructed pulmonary venous baffle
Authors: Schneider Kristin , Ghaleb Stephanie , Morales David L. S. , Tretter Justin T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a case of pulmonary venous baffle obstruction in a child with a history of congenitally corrected transposition status post double switch repair. We highlight two forms of volume rendering three-dimensional reconstructions from computed tomographic data which allowed for detailed pre-surgical planning. These reconstructions emphasise the concept of maximizing previously obtained two-dimensional data in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. The benefits of these reconstructions are reviewed, highlighting the relatively novel virtual dissection reconstruction technique that appeared identical to what the surgeon encountered in the operating theatre. This technique allowed the surgeon to quickly advance a preconceived detailed surgical repair.
The Cult of First Ladyhood: Controlling Images of White Womanhood in the Role of the First Lady
Authors: Handau Megan , Simien Evelyn M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, scholars have begun to analyze the role of the first lady in American society. Though the relationship between gender ideologies and this identity has been analyzed, little attention has been paid to how other aspects of the first ladies’ identities could shape the way the public and the first ladies themselves view their role. In this article, we offer an intersectional analysis that considers historical notions of hegemonic femininity in relation to race. We assert that the role of the first lady is a raced-gendered institution that produces a controlling image of white womanhood that simultaneously privileges white femininity and subordinates black womanhood. We conduct an analysis of the autobiographies of six first ladies: Edith Wilson, Eleanor Roosevelt, “Lady Bird” Johnson, Rosalynn Carter, Hillary Clinton, and Michelle Obama.