bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioassessment of a Northwest Florida Estuary Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Nestlerode Janet A , Murrell Michael C , Hagy James D , Harwell Linda , Lisa Jessica A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Benthic invertebrate community composition was surveyed across the salinity gradient of the Pensacola Bay Estuary in Florida during summer 2016. Macrofauna densities ranged from 1000 to 9300 individuals m−2, with highest densities occurring at the upper estuary and the lowest in the mid- and lower estuary. Taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity were lowest in the upper estuary and increased along the salinity gradient. Small-bodied, near-surface infaunal polychaete species (e.g., Mediomastus ambiseta and Paraprionospio alata) dominated the macrofaunal community in fine sediment areas. We calculated the Gulf of Mexico Benthic Index of Biological Integrity for each site and compared the index scores with those from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program - Estuaries, an earlier benthic assessment model. Condition evaluations by the different models did not match across all sites in this study; however, scores consistently indicated that most sites were at or near degraded levels, implying that Pensacola Bay represents a marginal habitat for a “healthy” benthic macrofauna community. This study provided new information about the benthic communities and sediments in the Pensacola Bay estuary. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:245–256. Published 2019. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms of children and adolescents exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: A longitudinal study of 5‐HTTLPR genotype main effects and gene–environment interactions
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Li , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Hall Brian J. , Elhai Jon D. , Liberzon Israel 
Published: August 2019

Experiencing disasters causes severe mental disorders, among which post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of 5‐hydroxyl tryptamine transporter gene‐linked polymorphic region (5‐HTTLPR) genotype on child and adolescent PTSD symptom course after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. We genotyped 963 participants who personally experienced the earthquake. PTSD symptoms were measured by University of California, Los Angeles PTSD reaction index at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 years after the earthquake, respectively. Latent growth model was utilised to examine the main effect and gene–environment interaction effect of 5‐HTTLPR on PTSD's symptom course. 5‐HTTLPR genotype predicted initial PTSD symptom severity (β = 0.108, p = .019) and rates of symptom recovery (β = −0.120, p = .031) between 2.5 and 5.5 years. Compared with L′ allele carriers, those with S′S′ genotype showed higher initial symptom severity but also faster recovery rate. 5‐HTTLPR genotype only predicted symptom severity at 2.5 years after the earthquake, after controlling for sex, age, ethnicity and trauma severity (β = 0.108, p = .019). This is the first evidence of the effect of 5‐HTTLPR genotype on child and adolescent PTSD symptoms longitudinally, offering a novel perspective on the effect of 5‐HTTLPR on PTSD symptom development following trauma exposure.
Hsp70 inhibitors: Implications for the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Moradi‐Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Paseban Maryam , Moradi Marjaneh Mahdi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Despite intensive advances in diagnosis and treatment of CRC, it is yet one of the leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for alternative therapeutic approaches to treat CRC. The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are a family of evolutionary conserved heat shock proteins, which play an important role in cell homeostasis and survival. They overexpress in various types of malignancy including CRC and are typically accompanied with poor prognosis. Hence, inhibition of Hsp70 may be considered as a striking chemotherapeutic avenue. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the progress made so far to discover compounds, which target the Hsp70 family, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in treatment of CRC. We also briefly explain the induction of Hsp70 as a strategy to prevent CRC.
Multivariable index for assessing the activity and predicting all‐cause mortality in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Kim Minyoung Kevin , Choi Hyeok , Kim Jae Yeon , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSo far, there has been no tool to estimate activity at diagnosis and predict all‐cause mortality in patients with ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Hence, we determined the initial predictors of them in patients with AAV.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 182 patients with AAV. Severe AAV was defined as Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) ≥ 16. The cutoffs were extrapolated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The odds ratio (OR) and the relative risk (RR) were assessed using the multivariable logistic regression analysis and the chi‐square test, respectively.ResultsIn the comparison analysis, patients with severe AAV exhibited the higher neutrophil and platelet counts, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein, and the lower lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and serum albumin than those without. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, creatinine ≥ 0.9 mg/dL (OR 2.264), lymphocyte count ≤ 1430.0/mm3 (OR 1.856), and hemoglobin ≤ 10.8 g/dL (OR 2.085) were associated with severe AAV. We developed a new equation of a multivariable index for AAV (MVIA) = 0.6 × (Lymphocyte count ≤ 1430.0/mm3) + 0.7 × (Hemoglobin ≤ 10.8 g/dL) + 0.8 × (Creatinine ≥ 0.9 mg/dL). The optimal cutoff of MVIA for severe AAV was set as 1.35. Severe AAV was identified more frequently in patients with MVIA at diagnosis ≥1.35 than those without (RR 4.432). Patients with MVIA at diagnosis ≥1.35 exhibited the lower cumulative patient survival rate than those without.ConclusionMultivariable index for AAV could assess the cross‐sectional activity and predict all‐cause mortality in patients with AAV.
Why interventions to prevent intimate partner violence and HIV have failed young women in southern Africa
Authors: Mannell Jenevieve , Willan Samantha , Shahmanesh Maryam , Seeley Janet , Sherr Lorraine , Gibbs Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 24 years have some of the highest HIV incidence rates globally, with girls two to four times more likely to be living with HIV than their male peers. High levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by this age group is a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition. While behavioural interventions to prevent IPV and HIV in southern Africa have seen some success in reducing self‐reported experiences of IPV, these interventions have largely failed to achieve similar outcomes for young women.DiscussionWe identify three main reasons for the failure of IPV/HIV interventions for many young women in southern Africa. First, interventions are usually developed without the meaningful involvement of both young women and young men. Youth input into research design is largely focused on user testing or consultation of targeted groups, involving relatively low levels of participation. Second, interventions are focused on addressing individual risk factors rather than broader social and structural contexts of being a young woman. “Risk factor” interventions, rather than supporting women's agency, can pose a major barrier for supporting changes in behaviour among young women because they often fail to dislodge well‐entrenched gender and age‐related inequalities. Third, current intervention models have not adequately accounted for changes in gender norms and relationships across southern Africa. Individuals are getting married later in life (or not at all), new technologies are transforming romantic interactions and opening new opportunities for violence, and discussions about women's rights are both challenging gender inequalities and reinforcing them.ConclusionsIn order to move beyond the status quo of current approaches, and to support real innovation, IPV/HIV prevention interventions need to be co‐developed with youth as part of a meaningful participatory process of research, intervention design, youth involvement in development and implementation. This process of co‐development needs to be radical and break with the current focus on adapting existing interventions to meet the needs of young people, which are not well understood and often do not directly reflect their priorities. Broader social contexts and compound lenses are needed to avoid narrow approaches and to accommodate evolving norms.
Satellite data reveal southwestern Tibetan plateau cooling since 2001 due to snow‐albedo feedback
Authors: Guo Donglin , Sun Jianqi , Yang Kun , Pepin Nick , Xu Yongming , Xu Zhiqing , Wang Huijun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiven the threats that climate change poses to solid water reservoirs on the Tibetan plateau (TP), there is significant interest in understanding spatial patterns of climate change and their causes. Weather station observations have been extensively examined, but are scarce, resulting in an incomplete understanding of climate change across the TP, particularly in the west. Using recent (2001–2015) satellite‐based data sets (2 m air temperature, land surface temperature, albedo and snow cover), this study reveals that mean annual 2 m air temperature in the southwestern TP has decreased by 0.15°C/decade in contrast to overall warming (+0.18°C/decade) on the rest of the TP. Up to 45% (74%) of the variance in the annual (spring) 2 m air temperature can be explained by simultaneous change in snow‐induced albedo in the southwestern TP. The free atmosphere column over this region and Northwest India is cooling, providing a favourable environment for the decrease in 2 m air temperature observed. Moreover, the anomalous water vapour transport into the southwestern TP is advantageous for increased snowfall and the associated decrease in 2 m air temperature. The implications of this anomalous cooling under global warming have yet to be fully considered, in particular for the futures of glaciers and snowpack over the Himalayan Mountains in the southwestern TP.
Temporal relations between precipitable water vapour and precipitation during wet seasons based on nearly two decades of data from the Lhasa River valley, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Hong , Zhang Yong , Cao Lijuan , Cao Yunchang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHourly precipitation and ground‐based Global Positioning System sensing precipitable water vapour (PW) measurements are analysed to better understand the relationships between PW and precipitation at small time scales. The measurements were made during the wet seasons—from May to September each year—between 2001 and 2017 at the Lhasa River Valley, a region representative over the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, we validate the power law expected from the critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation using hourly PW and precipitation observations made in the region. The results show that peaks in PW, low cloud cover and precipitation values, and high frequencies of lightning usually occur under conditions of convective activities during the wet season which extends from May to September at the Lhasa River Valley. PW is found to have considerable autocorrelation periods that are twice longer as those in tropical regions. In addition, composite analysis results show that precipitation increases with PW. In the time range extending 36 to 7 hr prior to precipitation events, PW increases slowly. This phenomenon is likely related to synoptic‐scale atmospheric activities. From 6 to 0 hr prior to precipitation events, PW increases rapidly—a change that is likely to be associated with mesoscale convective activities. The peak of PW is about 1 hr before the peak of precipitation, indicating that PW increases stimulate precipitation occurrences. Furthermore, our results show that the power law represents well the relationship between PW and precipitation with a PW critical value of 21.5 mm for Lhasa River valley. Also, this critical value is a tipping point for the number distribution of PW measurements. When the PW is less than the critical value, the number of PW measurements increases gradually along with the growth of PW. Otherwise, it drops rapidly.
Dumortierite and tourmaline from the Barchi‐Kol diamond‐bearing kyanite gneisses (Kokchetav massif): A Raman spectroscopic study and petrological implications
Authors: Korsakov Andrey V. , Rezvukhina Olga V. , Rezvukhin Dmitriy I. , Greshnyakov Evgeny D. , Shur Vladimir Ya. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo minerals of boron, dumortierite and tourmaline, have been studied in a diamondiferous kyanite gneiss (Barchi‐Kol area, Kokchetav massif, Northern Kazakhstan) by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe (EMP) analysis. Dumortierite and tourmaline (almost pure schorl end‐member) coexist within the sample, with blue/purple dumortierite inclusions hosted by kyanite porphyroblasts and blue tourmaline crystals occurring as inclusions in garnet. Optically, dumortierite appears almost identical to kyanite host and can be easily overlooked in thin sections during optical and scanning electron microscopic observations. Both boron minerals show a very strong anisotropy, and the most prominent Raman spectra can be obtained if the electric field vector E is parallel to the c axis of the dumortierite and tourmaline crystals. The Raman spectra of the investigated dumortierite are very similar to those of the synthetic dumortierite with a pronounced excess of boron (up to 0.26 [4]B), although the EMP examination revealed only one grain of the natural dumortierite studied here to have a very low boron surplus (up to 0.03 [4]B). Neither Raman spectroscopic study nor EMP analysis detected [4]B in tourmaline. The findings of dumortierite and tourmaline in the diamondiferous gneisses provide important implications for the presence of a boron‐rich fluid or melt during subduction/exhumation processes.
Simultaneous determination of five organophosphorus pesticide residues in different food samples by solid‐phase microextraction fibers coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Chen , Ma Jin‐Kui , Feng Run‐Xiang , Wei Shou‐Lian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDExcessive or improper use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) may adversely affect human health through the food chain. In the present study, a simple, rapid and effective analytical method was successfully established and used for the determination of OPPs quinalphos and its analogs in different food samples.RESULTSUnder the optimized experimental conditions, five OPPs (quinalphos, triazophos, parathion, fenthion and chlorpyrifos‐methyl) exhibit a good linearity within a range of 0.02 to 2.0 μg mL−1. The detection limit range was 3.0 to 10.0 μg L−1 (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). The method was successfully used to detect and quantify the residues of quinalphos and its analogs in tomato, cabbage, barley and water samples; all spiked samples gave satisfactory recovery rates for the target analytes of between 82% and 98%, with a relative SD of 3.6% to 7.8%.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained show that the proposed method is an accurate, rapid and reliable sample pre‐treatment method with respect to giving a good enrichment factor and detection limit for determining quinalphos pesticide residues in different food samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychometrics of a Brief Trauma Symptom Screen for Youth in Residential Care
Authors: Tyler Patrick M. , Mason W. Alex , Chmelka Mary B. , Patwardan Irina , Dobbertin Matthew , Pope Kayla , Shah Niraj , Abdel‐Rahim Heba , Johnson Kimberly , Blair R. James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrauma screening is an important element for providing trauma‐informed services to youth in residential care. Unfortunately, lack of time and resources may deter clinicians from conducting trauma screening at intake. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Brief Trauma Symptom Screen for Youth (BTSSY), which could be used during intake into residential care. Participants included 572 youth, ages 10–18 years (M = 14.28 years, SD = 2.31), of whom 58.9% were boys, 78.7% were Caucasian, 51.7% were youth receiving services in residential care, 15.6% were youth with clinical needs, and 32.7% were typically developing youth from the local community. Participants completed the BTSSY; other questionnaires of psychopathology, childhood maltreatment, and symptomology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and diagnostic interviews, which were conducted by licensed psychiatrists. The total BTSSY score had a good composite reliability (CR) of .80 and was valid based on a significant positive correlation, r = .64, with the UCLA PTSD–Reaction Index. The BTSSY score was also fair, area under the curve = .75, at detecting a diagnosis of PTSD from a psychiatrist. Significant group differences in the BTSSY scores were found between youth with a diagnosis of PTSD and the other two groups, with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes, ds = 0.73–1.22. Preliminary results indicated the BTSSY may be a useful screening tool for identifying youth at residential care intake who may need additional assessment for PTSD. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Vegetation recovery after the removal of a facility in Elephant Island, Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Putzke Jair , Vieira Frederico Costa Beber , Pereira Antonio Batista 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the speed of revegetation of Antarctic soil affected by 13 years of anthropogenic influence in the form of a refuge building at Stinker Point, Elephant Island, Antarctica. Fourteen years after the removal, in the 2011/2012 austral summer, a qualitative survey of the vegetation cover and biodiversity was conducted using photographs and image processing of the entire field. Data were compared with records from the Technical Archive of the Brazilian Antarctic Program. Recovery had occurred at a faster rate than expected. There was a rapid covering of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, and Bryum argentum Hedw. (Bryophyta), evidenced by the larger percentage of surface coverage and frequency by these species. The findings are important because they help establish new concepts on environmental security related to preserving plant communities in new Antarctic settlements or camps, supporting that the rapid recovery of the ecosystem after their removal is possible.
The Efficacy of Pulsed Dye Laser Pretreated With or Without Local Anesthetic on Patients Presenting With Erythema of Face, Neck, Chest, and Extremities
Authors: Chunharas Chatchadaporn , Boen Monica , Alhaddad Marwan , Wu Douglas C. 
Published: August 2019

Background and ObjectivesErythema is one of the most common cosmetic concerns and usually responds well to pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment. As this laser can cause significant discomfort, topical anesthesia is sometimes offered. However, it is still uncertain whether topical anesthetics can affect the outcome of the laser therapy. We performed a retrospective single site study to compare the efficacy of PDL for the treatment of erythema in patients with and without pretreatment with topical anesthetic.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA chart review was performed and patients who presented with erythema of face, neck, chest, and extremities pretreated with topical anesthesia (23% lidocaine/7% tetracaine ointment or 7% lidocaine/7% tetracaine ointment) undergoing PDL were reviewed and compared with another group without anesthesia. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the postlaser procedure photographs and gave an assessment compared with baseline.ResultsA total of 69 patient charts were reviewed. The erythema resulted from various skin conditions including telangiectasia, cherry angioma, striae, and rosacea. The mean improvement was 2.2581 in the anesthesia group and 2.2632 in the nonanesthesia group. There was no significant difference between both groups as confirmed by a noninferiority test.ConclusionsTopical anesthesia with lidocaine and tetracaine ointment do not interfere with the efficacy of the PDL. Since pain management is essential for any cosmetic procedure, the application of a local anesthetic will enhance patient comfort and satisfaction during treatment with PDL. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalized Besov–Morrey spaces and generalized Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces on domains
Authors: Izuki Mitsuo , Noi Takahiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a non‐smooth atomic decomposition by using a smooth atomic decomposition. Applying the non‐smooth atomic decomposition, a local means characterization and a quarkonical decomposition, we obtain a pointwise multiplier and a trace operator for generalized Besov–Morrey spaces and generalized Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces on the whole space. We also develop the theory of those spaces on domains. We consider an extension operator and a trace operator on the upper half space and on compact oriented Riemannian manifolds.
MIMO‐OFDM‐radio over fiber system incorporating higher‐order space‐time block codes
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder , Sharma Vishal 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRadio over fiber (RoF) is an indispensable technology for the amalgamation of microwave‐ and optical communication, which facilitates a flexible access‐network infrastructure proficient to endow with broadband wireless connectivity over an extensive assortment of applications. Achieving ample spectral efficiency in conjunction with excellent link reliability is the austere menace to the design of such prospect‐integrated systems. Moreover, amalgamation of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology with multicarrier multiplexing (MCM) such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a proficient contender for supporting such next‐generation RoF‐based static‐ and mobile‐wireless systems. Earlier, the MIMO‐based multicarrier RoF systems are limited to the use of fourth‐order spatial diversity (2 × 2 antenna package) using the Alamouti code. Subsequently, the authors investigated the aptness and impetus of such integrated multicarrier RoF systems to provide a reliable and spectrally efficient system and proposed an orthogonal space‐time block code (OSTBC) equipped MIMO‐OFDM‐RoF system by incorporating higher order spatial diversity in conjunction with QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) schemes. The proposed work is carried out for NLOS (non‐line of sight) and LOS (line of sight) scenarios. Furthermore, the demonstrated work elucidates a relative QoS (Quality of Service) explorations of sixth (3 × 2 antenna package) and ninth order spatial diversity (3 × 3 antenna package) and recommend the optimal antenna package as per the requirements of the proposed integrated system in the demonstrated scenarios.