bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterated extended Kalman filter method for time‐lapse seismic full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Eikrem Kjersti Solberg , Nævdal Geir , Jakobsen Morten 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTime‐lapse seismic data is useful for identifying fluid movement and pressure and saturation changes in a petroleum reservoir and for monitoring of CO2 injection. The focus of this paper is estimation of time‐lapse changes with uncertainty quantification using full‐waveform inversion. The purpose of also estimating the uncertainty in the inverted parameters is to be able to use the inverted seismic data quantitatively for updating reservoir models with ensemble‐based methods. We perform Bayesian inversion of seismic waveform data in the frequency domain by combining an iterated extended Kalman filter with an explicit representation of the sensitivity matrix in terms of Green functions (acoustic approximation). Using this method, we test different strategies for inversion of the time‐lapse seismic data with uncertainty. We compare the results from a sequential strategy (making a prior from the monitor survey using the inverted baseline survey) with a double difference strategy (inverting the difference between the monitor and baseline data). We apply the methods to a subset of the Marmousi2 P‐velocity model. Both strategies performed well and relatively good estimates of the monitor velocities and the time‐lapse differences were obtained. For the estimated time‐lapse differences, the double difference strategy gave the lowest errors.
Impact of processing load on analogical mapping with visual sequences in children with developmental language disorders (DLD)
Authors: Krzemien Magali , Maillart Christelle , Parisse Christophe , Leroy Sandrine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnalogical mapping is a domain‐general cognitive process used notably in language development, and particularly in the abstraction of construction schemas. Children with developmental language disorders (DLD) display an impairment in linguistic productivity and creativity, which can be linked to a lack of generalization of construction schemas.AimsTo investigate analogical mapping in children with DLD, and especially the influence of processing load, as it could explain the lack of creativity observed in children with DLD. It was hypothesized that analogical mapping is altered in children with DLD and that greater cognitive load (sequential presentation and no perceptual support) would be linked to poorer performance in these children.Methods & ProceduresFifteen children with DLD and their age‐matched peers were administrated a visual analogical reasoning task where they had to complete a sequence sharing the same relational structure as previously presented sequences. Two factors influencing processing load were studied: the modality of presentation (sequential versus simultaneous) and the perceptual support (with versus without).Outcomes & ResultsResults showed an expected group effect with poorer performance in children with DLD compared with children with typical language development (TLD). Results corroborated hypotheses according to which children with DLD have difficulties with analogical mapping, which could hinder their abstraction of construction schemas. Results about the influence of processing load were mixed. While the difference between the two groups was more marked for the items without perceptual support than for those with perceptual support, children with DLD were not more affected by the sequential presentation than children with TLD.Conclusions & ImplicationsChildren with DLD have impaired analogical mapping competences, especially when the relational similarities are not supported by perceptual cues. This impairment may be the cause of their difficulties in abstracting construction schemas, thus provoking their poor linguistic productivity and creativity. However, more studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis, as the influence of analogical reasoning on language development could also be reversed or could be linked to another external factor.
A new family of transcriptional regulators of tungstoenzymes and molybdate/tungstate transport
Authors: Rajeev L. , Garber M. E. , Zane G. M. , Price M. N. , Dubchak I. , Wall J. D. , Novichkov P. S. , Mukhopadhyay A. , Kazakov A. E. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBacterial genes for molybdenum‐containing and tungsten‐containing enzymes are often differentially regulated depending on the metal availability in the environment. Here, we describe a new family of transcription factors with an unusual DNA‐binding domain related to excisionases of bacteriophages. These transcription factors are associated with genes for various molybdate and tungstate‐specific transporting systems as well as molybdo/tungsto‐enzymes in a wide range of bacterial genomes. We used a combination of computational and experimental techniques to study a member of the TF family, named TaoR (for tungsten‐containing aldehyde oxidoreductase regulator). In Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, a model bacterium for sulfate reduction studies, TaoR activates expression of aldehyde oxidoreductase aor and represses tungsten‐specific ABC‐type transporter tupABC genes under tungsten‐replete conditions. TaoR binding sites at aor promoter were identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. We also reconstructed TaoR regulons in 45 Deltaproteobacteria by comparative genomics approach and predicted target genes for TaoR family members in other Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.
A fundamental difference between macrobiota and microbial eukaryotes: protistan plankton has a species maximum in the freshwater‐marine transition zone of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Filker Sabine , Kühner Steffen , Heckwolf Melanie , Dierking Jan , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRemane's Artenminimum at the horohalinicum is a fundamental concept in ecology to describe and explain the distribution of organisms along salinity gradients. However, a recent metadata analysis challenged this concept for protists, proposing a species maximum in brackish waters. Due to data bias, this literature‐based investigation was highly discussed. Reliable data verifying or rejecting the species minimum for protists in brackish waters were critically lacking. Here, we sampled a pronounced salinity gradient along a west–east transect in the Baltic Sea and analysed protistan plankton communities using high‐throughput eDNA metabarcoding. A strong salinity barrier at the upper limit of the horohalinicum and 10 psu appeared to select for significant shifts in protistan community structures, with dinoflagellates being dominant at lower salinities, and dictyochophytes and diatoms being keyplayers at higher salinities. Also in vertical water column gradients in deeper basins (Kiel Bight, Arkona and Bornholm Basin) appeared salinity as significant environmental determinant influencing alpha‐ and beta‐diversity patterns. Importantly, alpha‐diversity indices revealed species maxima in brackish waters, that is, indeed contrasting Remane's Artenminimum concept. Statistical analyses confirmed salinity as the major driving force for protistan community structuring with high significance. This suggests that macrobiota and microbial eukaryotes follow fundamentally different rules regarding diversity patterns in the transition zone from freshwater to marine waters.
Trust, Money, and Power: Life Cycle Dynamics in Alliances Between Management Partners and Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: MURRAY GENEVRA F. , D'AUNNO THOMAS , LEWIS VALERIE A. 
Published: December 2018

Policy Points
Accountable care organizations (ACOs) form alliances with management partners to access financial, technical, and managerial support.
Alliances between ACOs and management partners are subject to destabilizing tension around decision‐making authority, distribution of shared savings, and conflicting goals and values.
Management partners may serve either as trainers, ultimately breaking off from the ACO, or as central drivers of the ACO.
Management partner participation in ACOs is currently unregulated, and management partners may receive a significant portion (in some cases, majority) of shared savings.
ContextAccountable care organizations (ACOs) are a prominent payment and delivery model. Though ACOs are often described as groups of health care providers, nearly 4 in 10 ACOs partner with a management company for services such as financial investment, contracting, data analytics, and care management, according to recent research. However, we know little about how and why these partnerships form. This article aims to understand the reasons providers seek partners, the nature of these relationships, and factors critical to the success or failure of these alliances.MethodsWe used qualitative data collected longitudinally from 2012 to 2017 at 2 ACOs to understand relationships between management partners and ACO providers. The data include 115 semistructured interviews and observational data from 7 site visits. Two coders applied 48 codes to the data. We reviewed coded data for emergent themes in the context of alliance life cycle theory.FindingsQualitative data revealed that management partners brought specific skills and services and also gave providers confidence in pursuing an ACO. Over time, tension between providers and management partners arose around decision‐making authority, distribution of shared savings, and conflicting goals and values. We observed 2 outcomes of partnerships: cemented partnerships and dissolution. Key factors distinguishing alliance outcome in these 2 cases include degree of trust between organizations in the alliance; approach to conflict resolution; distribution of power in the alliance; skills and confidence acquired by the ACO over the life of the alliance; continuity of management partner delivery on promised resources; and proportion of savings going to the management partner.ConclusionsThe diverging paths for ACOs with management partners suggest 2 different roles that management partners may play in ACO development. In some cases, management partners may serve as trainers, with the partnership dissolving once the ACO gains skills and confidence to work alone. In other cases, the management partner is a central driver of the ACO and unlikely to break off.
Long‐Term Consequences of the Chernobyl Radioactive Fallout: An Exploration of the Aggregate Data
Authors: MARINO FRANCESCA , NUNZIATA LUCA 
Published: December 2018

Policy Points
Policymakers should invest more on researching the long‐term health effects of low‐ionizing radiation exposure, as we are far from reaching a consensus on a topic that is of enormous importance for public health and safety.
Public policies such as those limiting the import of contaminated food from areas hit by a radioactive disaster or those regulating the resident population's access to such areas should follow a precautionary approach.
Neoplasm diagnosis and medical care should be designed in order to take into account the possible role of long‐term, low‐dose radiation exposure.
Health care policies should provide effective screening and prevention strategies with a specific focus on the regions that were hit most severely by the Chernobyl nuclear fallout.
Health care expenditure should be targeted, taking into account the geographical dispersion of the fallout in order to attenuate its possible effect on neoplasm incidence.
ContextThis study investigates the association between the radioactive 137Cesium fallout originated by the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident and dispersed over Western Europe, as a result of a combination of radioactive cloud passage days and rainy days over a 10‐day period, and long‐term health patterns and related costs. Since the half‐life of 137Cesium is 30.17 years, part of the radioactivity in the affected regions is still present today, and it is usually still detected in the food chain, although at lower concentration levels.MethodsWe match longitudinal data on neoplasm incidence over the time span 2000‐2013 in a number of European regions not immediately adjacent to Chernobyl with the randomly distributed levels of cesium deposition after the nuclear disaster in order to assess whether we can detect an association with the long‐term health effects on the European population through a random effects model.FindingsConsidering 3 levels of fallout deposition—low, medium, and high—hospital discharges after treatment for neoplasms are, respectively, 0.36, 0.44, and 0.98 discharges over 100 inhabitants higher compared to regions with no fallout, with the population average being around 1.7 hospital discharges by neoplasms over 100 inhabitants. We checked the robustness of our findings to a number of tests including a placebo simulation and different model specifications.ConclusionsRadioactive fallout is positively associated with a higher incidence of hospital discharges after treatment for neoplasms almost 30 years after its release, with larger effects in regions where the radioactivity was more intense. Our estimates are comparable to the findings of the largest‐scale study on the long‐term health effects of continuous low levels of radiation exposure among workers in the nuclear industry and suggest that more research is needed on this topic, given its enormous importance for public health and safety.
Industrial Policy in the Context of Brexit
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews UK industrial policy in the context of Brexit and weak productivity performance. It considers proposals made in a recent White Paper as well as more general arguments for reform now that the ‘post‐Thatcher consensus’ has ended. The desirability of improving horizontal policies in the areas of innovation, infrastructure and skills is noted. In the event of a hard Brexit, there would be an opportunity to return to 1970s‐style selective industrial policies and public‐interest‐based competition policy. An advantage of a soft Brexit is that it would preclude interventionism of this kind.
Validation of the Acetabulum As a Skeletal Indicator of Age at Death in Modern European‐Americans,
Authors: Winburn Allysha Powanda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProgressive changes in the acetabulum have been used in modern skeletal age estimation, but they have not been completely understood. If their age correlations are weakened by the influence of factors like physical activity and obesity, acetabular changes should not be used for age estimation. To investigate their utility for aging, the acetabular variables of Rissech et al. (2006) were analyzed in 409 modern European‐Americans (Bass Collection, Tennessee). Correlation tests assessed potential associations between acetabular data, osteoarthritis scores (collected per Jurmain, 1990), and documented demographic information (age, body mass index [BMI], metabolic intensity of physical activities). Acetabular changes had statistically significant, positive correlations with osteoarthritis (p < 0.001 in most joints/regions) and age (p < 0.001), indicating their degenerative nature and relevance for age estimation. Acetabular changes showed no associations with BMI or metabolic values, suggesting resistance to obesity and activity effects. These results suggest that acetabular degeneration is a valid skeletal age‐at‐death indicator.
Is day surgery for minimally‐invasive parathyroidectomy a feasible option?
Authors: Tai Dora Kai‐Chun , Chick Wai‐Keung 
Published: December 2018

AimThe aim of the present study was to explore the safety of day surgery for minimally‐invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
Patients and MethodsThe records of all patients who underwent minimally‐invasive parathyroidectomies for PHPT from January 2001 to December 2017 at our centre were reviewed. Patients who underwent bilateral neck exploration, reoperation and concomitant procedures, such as hemithyroidectomy, were excluded. Patients were placed into two groups: group 1 included day surgery cases, and group 2 included patients who were admitted 1 day before the operation and discharged >1 day after the operation. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsOverall, 194 patients were included: 42 in group 1 and 152 in group 2. There was no statistically‐significant difference between the mean age (P = 0.094), percentage of female patients (P = 0.072), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (P = 0.659) and preoperative and postoperative blood calcium level (P = 0.252 and P = 0.097, respectively) between the two groups. There was also no statistically‐significant difference between the two groups in terms of outcomes, such as bleeding/haematoma (P = 0.598), wound infection (P = 0.328), recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (P = 0.234), postoperative hypocalcaemia (P = 0.082), recurrent/persistent disease (P = 0.328), revisit to the Accident and Emergency Department within 30 days of discharge (P = 0.446), unplanned readmission (P = 0.359) and death (P = 0.598).ConclusionsOverall, we believe that our data indicate that day surgery is a feasible and safe option for patients undergoing MIP for PHPT.
A Review of Habitat Connectivity Research for Pacific Salmon in Marine, Estuary, and Freshwater Environments
Authors: Flitcroft R.L. , Arismendi I. , Santelmann M.V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong‐term conservation planning for diadromous fishes would benefit from a better understanding of both the role of connectivity among environments and habitat variability in the expression of life‐history diversity. Most of the scientific knowledge on habitat fragmentation and connectivity has been developed in terrestrial systems in the discipline of landscape ecology. Research on habitat connectivity in aquatic systems (e.g., salmonid research that spans the spectrum of habitats from freshwater to the sea) is uncommon and largely focused on barriers to fish passage. Here, we present a review of the literature characterizing current research patterns on habitat connectivity within and among environments for Pacific salmon. We found this topic is still incipient: the literature is dominated by studies of freshwaters, with few articles focusing on habitat needs in estuary and marine systems. Pan‐environment studies are rare, pointing to a gap in our understanding of complex habitat relationships that might be significant in the development of long‐term conservation and restoration plans for Pacific salmon, particularly in light of the potential impact of climate change.
Plant compartment and genetic variation drive microbiome composition in switchgrass roots
Authors: Singer Esther , Bonnette Jason , Kenaley Shawn C. , Woyke Tanja , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: December 2018

SummarySwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a promising biofuel crop native to the United States with genotypes that are adapted to a wide range of distinct ecosystems. Various plants have been shown to undergo symbioses with plant growth‐promoting bacteria and fungi, however, plant‐associated microbial communities of switchgrass have not been extensively studied to date. We present 16S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data of rhizosphere and root endosphere compartments of four switchgrass genotypes to test the hypothesis that host selection of its root microbiota prevails after transfer to non‐native soil. We show that differences in bacterial, archaeal and fungal community composition and diversity are strongly driven by plant compartment and switchgrass genotypes and ecotypes. Plant‐associated microbiota show an enrichment in Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria as well as Sordariales and Pleosporales compared with the surrounding soil. Root associated compartments display low‐complexity communities dominated and enriched in Actinobacteria, in particular Streptomyces, in the lowland genotypes, and in Alphaproteobacteria, specifically Sphingobium, in the upland genotypes. Our comprehensive root analysis serves as a snapshot of host‐specific bacterial and fungal associations of switchgrass in the field and confirms that host‐selected microbiomes persist after transfer to non‐native soil.
pat‐geom: A software package for the analysis of animal patterns
Authors: Chan Ian Z. W. , Stevens Martin , Todd Peter A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Colour patterns often influence how animals interact with one another, but the ability of researchers to quantify pattern per se is hampered by a lack of easily accessible and user‐friendly measurement software packages.

We address this issue by releasing pat‐geom, a free software package for use within ImageJ that allows users to measure seven properties of a pattern: (a) the shape of its markings, (b) the directionality in the shape of its markings, (c) the size of its markings, (d) the contrast of the pattern, (e) the distribution of its markings, (f) the directionality in the distribution of its markings, and (g) the randomness of the pattern.

We provide examples of how pat‐geom may be used, such as to visualise the “average pattern” of a population of animals, or to compare the patterns on two animals. Using data from two case studies, we also demonstrate pat‐geom's ability to identify the specific aspects of an organism's pattern that match its background and to design artificial prey items that accurately resemble their model organism for use in predation experiments.

pat‐geom collates the tools to measure these seven diverse properties of animal colour patterns into one convenient, easy‐to‐use package. It can be employed in a wide range of studies on topics such as aposematism, camouflage and mimicry, and also has the potential to be applied to other research fields such as landscape ecology, botany and cellular biology.
Six‐minute screening test can provide valid information about the skills that underlie childhood reading and cognitive abilities
Authors: Shamir Netta , Zivan Michal , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimReading difficulties can have complex origins and diagnostic measures can be expensive and time consuming. We tested Zippy6, a six‐minute screening test that we developed, to see how it compared with a battery of established screening tools.MethodsThis study was carried out at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA, from 2014–2016. We recruited 81 children with reading difficulties and 44 typical readers of six years to 14 years of age (grades 1–8) using advertisements that were placed in healthcare clinics in the community and on hospital announcement boards. The subjects completed a full reading evaluation, which comprised standardised tests and the new Zippy6 screening test. Standard scores from the traditional and Zippy6 tests were compared, and Support Vector Machine learning methods and algorithms were used to examine the results.ResultsSignificant positive correlations existed between all of the traditional tests and the Zippy6 screening test. The sensitivity and specificity for the ability of the Zippy6 to discriminate between children with reading difficulties and typical readers were both 75%.ConclusionUsing the Zippy6 provided valid information about the skills that underlie reading and cognitive abilities. This screening test could be used by clinicians as either a prediagnostic tool or for postintervention assessment.