bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esquemas de alimentación para larvicultura de pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus Gill): crecimiento, supervivencia y canibalismo
Authors: Palma-Cancino David Julian , Martinez-Garcia Rafael , Alvarez-Gonzalez Carlos Alfonso , Camarillo-Coop Susana , Peña-Marin Emyr Saul 
Published: August 2019

El diseño de dietas con base en la fisiología digestiva, así como un adecuado esquema de alimentación, per- miten la disminución del canibalismo y el incremento de la supervivencia en la etapa larvaria de peces. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento, supervivencia y canibalismo en la larvicultura del pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus Gill) bajo cuatro esquemas de alimentación: CT (co-alimentación con nauplio de Artemia por 10 días y dieta comercial de trucha), T1 (alimentación con la dieta comercial de trucha desde la apertura de la boca), T2 (co-alimentación con nau- plio de Artemiay dieta diseñada para larvas de A. tropicus por 10 días) y T3 (alimentación con la dieta diseñada para A. tropicus desde la apertura de la boca), así como determinar la correlación entre el canibalismo y la supervivencia mediante un modelo de regresión lineal. Los mejores crecimientos y supervivencias se obtuvieron en los tratamientos T2 y CT. En todos los tratamientos se presentó canibalismo, siendo más alto cuando no se co-alimentó con nauplio de Artemia (T1 y T3). Se encontró una fuerte correlación (r = -0.88, p < 0.05) entre la supervivencia y el canibalismo, lo que demuestra que el canibalismo tiene efecto sobre la supervivencia. El tratamiento T2 representa la mejor alternativa para la larvicultura de A. tropicus, con mayor crecimiento y menor canibalismo.
Mutu Produk Madu yang Dijual di Surabaya
Authors: Suhartini Eka Aprillia , Moechtar Juniar , Darmawati Asri 
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Madu adalah cairan alami dengan konsistensi kental dan rasa manis yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu dari sari bunga atau bagian lain tumbuhan. Produk madu yang dipasarkan harus memiliki nomor registrasi yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM RI) dan memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang ditetapkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-3545-2013. Nomor registrasi produk madu diawali dengan kode ML, MD, TR dan P-IRT. Perbedaan kode awal pada nomor registrasi menunjukkan katagori produsen pengolah produk madu. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui mutu produk madu yang diregistrasi dengan katagori berbeda mengacu persyaratan SNI 01-3545-2013. Metode: Dalam penelitian ini mutu 4 sampel produk madu dibandingkan dengan acuan parameter SNI untuk madu. Setiap sampel produk madu mewakili satu kode awal nomor registrasi. Nama sampel tersebut dipilih secara acak dari beberapa nama produk madu dengan kode awal nomor registrasi yang sama. Parameter SNI yang diuji meliputi: organoleptis, kadar air, kadar abu, kandungan padatan tidak larut air, keasaman, kadar 5-hydroxymethyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF), aktivitas enzim diastase, cemaran logam (Pb,Cd, Hg, As), kadar batas kloramfenikol, cemaran mikrobiologi, kadar gula pereduksi dan sukrosa. Hasil: Resume hasil penelitian ini adalah: sampel dengan kode awal MD dan P-IRT memenuhi persyaratan parameter SNI, kecuali kadar HMF melebihi batas yang ditetapkan. Sampel dengan kode awal ML memenuhi persyaratan SNI kecuali kadar HMF dam kadar abu. Sampel dengan kode awal TR memenuhi persyaratan SNI kecuali kadar air. Kesimpulan: Semua sampel madu memenuhi 12 dari 13 persyaratan parameter mutu SNI-01-3545-2013.
Karakter Solid Lipid Nano Particle (SLN) – Ubiquinon (Q10) dengan Beda Jenis Kosurfaktan: Poloxamer 188, Lesitin, Propilen Glikol
Authors: Rosita Noorma , A’yunin Qurrotu , Hendradi Esti 
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Ubiquinon atau Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) merupakan senyawa kimia yang tidak stabil terhadap cahaya, sehingga mudah terdegradasi. Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran yang bisa meningkatkan kestabilan dari CoQ10 sangat dibutuhkan. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) diketahui mampu meningkatan stabilitas molekul, dan memiliki karakteristik pelepasan terkontrol. Karakteristik SLN (ukuran partikel dan efisiensi penjebakan obat), sangat dipengaruhi kompoen penyusun SLN. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan jenis kosurfaktan terhadap karakteristik SLN-CoQ10. SLN-CoQ10 dibuat dengan metode high shear homogenization pada kecepatan 24000 rpm selama 2 menit, 4 siklus. Metode: Pada penelitian ini dibuat empat formula SLN-CoQ10 dengan propilen glikol (A1), poloxamer 188 (B1), lesitin (C1) sebagai kosurfaktan dan pembanding tanpa kosurfaktan (D1). Hasil: Ukuran diameter partikel SLN-CoQ10 yang dihasilkan dari kosurfaktan propilen glikol, poloxamer 188, lesitin dan yang tanpa menggunakan surfaktan berturut-turut adalah: 556,1 ± 4,89; 174,1 ± 6,69; 220,4 ± 12,01 dan 556,8 ± 17,96 nm sementara itu persen efisiensi penjebakan yang dihasilkan berturut-turut adalah 32,47 ± 6,88; 77,38 ± 8,63; 19,77 ± 5,69; dan 16,09 ± 3,70 %. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi karakteristik, disimpulkan bahwa SLN-CoQ10 yang dibuat dengan ko-surfaktan poloxamer 188 memiliki karakteristik yang paling baik karena memiliki ukuran partikel kecil dan persen efisiensi penjebakan yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan SLN-CoQ10 dengan formula yang menggunakan ko-surfaktan propilen glikol, lesitin atau yang tanpa kosurfaktan.
Odontoid Fractures
Authors: Goz Vadim , Spiker William Ryan , Lawrence Brandon , Brodke Darrel , Spina Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

» Odontoid fractures are common cervical spine fractures with a bimodal age distribution, which is gradually shifting to more representation in the elderly population.» Type-II odontoid fractures are associated with higher nonunion rates compared with Type I and Type III.» A surgical procedure for Type-II fractures in the elderly population is associated with a higher union rate and potentially less mortality.» Certain Type-II fractures can be treated nonoperatively, depending on fracture morphology and displacement.» Type-I and III fractures can typically be treated nonoperatively.
<p>A Century of Perspectives that Influenced the Consideration of Technology
as a Critical Component of STEM Education in the United States</p>
Authors: Snyder Mark 
Published: August 2019

Technology and engineering education is recognized as a way to integrate
disciplines, such as math and science, using hands-on learning activities to solve
problems. Doing so helps students become technologically literate and work productively
in society. Historically, many different views evolved regarding the need for
instruction related to technology and technical processes. Numerous systems and methods
were devised to achieve this goal in the United States. During the early part of the
20th century, a number of education professionals theorized about the implications of
technology as it related to the study of industry. These leaders eventually
declared technology as integral to their field. Especially during the period of economic
growth that followed World War II, many considered the study of technology, and the
man-made world, a vital concern in the curriculum of industrial education. Increased
foreign competition, characterized by events such as the launching of the first Soviet
“Sputnik,” resulted in private support and government initiatives for improvement in
education, particularly math and science, but eventually in other content areas,
including industrial education. In the 21st century, the study and integration of
technology is accepted as a key component in the Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) movement. Familiarity with the evolution of general education related
to technology in the United States helps us understand the rationale behind the
inclusion of technology in the STEM acronym. This historical review identifies key
perspectives and practices that led to the inception of technology education at the end
of the 20th century – which, in turn, contributed to the integrated STEM movement. But
what is the impetus for including “technology” in STEM education? What is the role of
technology and engineering in STEM education?
Quality Appraisal of Groundwater in Arid Regions Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Approaches
Authors: Ebrahimi Milad , Kazemi Hamidreza , Ehteshami Majid , Rockaway Thomas D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study explores using probabilistic and deterministic approaches for evaluating the quality of groundwater resources. The proposed methodology first used the probabilistic approach, which included multivariate statistical analysis, to classify the groundwater's physiochemical characteristics. Then, building on the obtained results, the deterministic approach, which included hydrochemistry analyses, was applied for comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality for different applications. To present this multidisciplinary approach, a basin located in an arid region was studied. Considering the results from correlation and principal component analyses, along with hierarchical Q-mode cluster analysis, chloride salts dissolution was identified within the aquifer. Further application of the deterministic approach revealed degradation of groundwater quality throughout the basin, possibly due to the saltwater intrusion. By developing the water quality index and a multi-hazard risk assessment methodology, the suitability of groundwater for human consumption and irrigation purposes was assessed. The obtained results were compared with two other studies conducted on aquifers under similar arid climate conditions. This comparison indicated that quality of groundwater resources within arid regions is prone to degradation from salinization. The combined consideration of probabilistic and deterministic approaches provided an effective means for comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality across different aquifers or within one.
High-Frequency At-Bit Measurements Provide New Insights Into Torsional Dynamics When Drilling With Steerable Mud Motors in Unconventional Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Whitacre T.. , Heisig G.. 
Published: August 2019

Summary
New insights into torsional bottomhole-assembly (BHA) dynamics have been gained from high–frequency at–bit measurements when drilling with steerable mud motors in horizontal wells. Steerable mud motors are traditionally thought to decouple the bit from “sticking” as the BHA and drillstring are subject to torsional fluctuations. However, newly gathered data show that the bit can actually come to a complete stop while the motor is forced into the backward rotation. Motor twistoffs and back–offs while drilling can be the costly consequence of such behavior.
Using high–frequency, at–bit measurements, dynamic and environmental characteristics of the bit were recorded in a dedicated bit sub at 200 Hz while drilling a horizontal well in the Granite Wash Formation in the Texas Panhandle. The recorded variables include azimuthal gamma, triaxial accelerations, inclination, revolutions per minute (RPM), and temperature. Recorded data were examined after each interval drilled, and correlated with standard measurement–while–drilling (MWD) data (measured and recorded above the motor), as well as surface–recorded variables.
Examination of the data revealed that the bit experienced full stick/slip behavior and, instead of being decoupled from the BHA as is traditionally thought, drove the BHA into backward rotation by means of the action of the mud motor's power section. It is believed that, owing to the tortuosity of the wellbore and the relative hardness of the formation being drilled, the lower end of the motor periodically “caught” and was hung up while rotating such that the negative–driving torque generated in the power section (during the “bit–stick” intervals) loosened the connections below the motor's power section and ultimately led to back–offs of the connections downhole.
This new high–frequency at–bit measurement tool has led to clear insights into the stick/slip behavior while drilling horizontal wells with steerable mud motors. Because this new understanding contradicts the traditional thinking of torsional oscillations in motor BHAs, the authors believe it is worth sharing with the industry because it can help prevent nonproductive time related to this mechanism in the future.
The dishwasher rubber seal acts as a reservoir of bacteria in the home environment
Authors: Zupančič Jerneja , Turk Martina , Črnigoj Miha , Avguštin Jerneja Ambrožič , Gunde-Cimerman Nina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bacteria that colonise the extreme environment of household dishwasher rubber seals were investigated using cultivation-dependent and metagenomic approaches. All 30 dishwashers investigated were colonised by various bacteria. Cultivation approaches resulted in 632 bacterial isolates in total, belonging to four phyla, eight classes, 40 genera and 74 species. The majority were Gram-positive, as solely Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Bacilli represented half of the Gram-positive isolates, and were dominated by the Bacillus cereus group. Gammaproteobacteria were primarily represented by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. All isolates were tested for resistance to seven selected antibiotics. Metagenomic assessment of the bacterial biodiversity of the dishwasher rubber seals confirmed the predominance of Gram-positive bacteria, as primarily Actinobacteria dominated by Gordonia, followed by Proteobacteria dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, and by pathogenic species such as Escherichia sp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterobacter sp.. Metagenomic assessment of bacterial biodiversity in the tap water connected to dishwashers revealed predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, and in particular Proteobacteria, dominated by Betaproteobacteria, mainly represented by Tepidimonas sp.. Both Actinobacteria and Firmicutes showed low numbers, while there were markedly more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the tap water. These data indicate that colonisation of dishwasher rubber seals depends primarily on the bacterial input from the dirty vessels, and much less on the bacteria in the tap water.
MicroRNA Expression Profiles Analysis in Sperm Reveals hsa-mir-191 is an Auspicious Omen of in Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Xu Hua , Wang Xin , Wang Zhikai , Li Jianhui , Xu Zhiming , Miao Maohua , Chen Guowu , Lei Xiangdong , Wu Jun , Shi Huijuan , Wang Ke , Zhang Tiancheng , Sun Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs, which play important roles in many physiological processes by regulating gene expression. Previously studies show that the expression level of total miRNAs increased during the progression of mouse embryonic development, and some miRNAs control the regulatory network in the development progression. However, there are few studies focused on effects of miRNA on the early human embryonic development. The relationship of between miRNAs and early human embryogenesis is still unknown.

Results

In this study, 102 male sperm samples that were treated with assisted reproductive technology but with normal sperm index were collected for small RNA sequencing, and the relationships between differentially expressed small RNA and fertilization rate, blastocyst rate and high-quality embryo rate were analyzed. The results showed that the sperm samples with high expression of hsa-mir-191 had higher fertilization rate, blastocyst rate and high-quality embryo rate. Using hsa-mir-191 as a single indicator to predict high-quality embryo rate, the ROC curve has an AUC of 0.686. At the same time, we also found that the expression of hsa-mir-191 has a certain correlation with sperm abnormality rate (cor = 0.29, p< 0.01). In addition, we also evaluated the relationship between hsa-mir-34c and human early embryo development in these 102 sperm samples, and obtained negative results.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that higher hsa-mir-191-5p expression with better human early embryonic development, and indicate that the hsa-mir-191-5p could be a potential marker to access the quality of IVF.
Transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis under heat stress in poplar
Authors: Zhao Yiyang , Xie Jianbo , Xu Weijie , Chen Sisi , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Photosynthesis has been recognized as a complicated process that is modulated through the intricate regulating network at transcriptional level. However, its underlying mechanism at molecular level under heat stress remains to be understood. Analysis of the adaptive response and regulatory networks of trees to heat stress will expand our understanding of thermostability in perennial plants. In this study, we used a multi-gene network to investigate the regulatory pathway under heat stress, as constructed by a multifaceted approach of combining time-course RNA-seq, regulatory motif enrichment, and expression-trait association analysis.

Results

By analyzing changes in the transcriptome under heat stress, we identified 77 key photosynthetic genes, of which 97.4% (75 genes) were down-regulated, and these results conformed to the decreased photosynthesis measured values. According to analysis of regulating motif enrichment, these 77 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) had common vital light-responsive elements involved in photosynthesis. When integrating all the differential expressed genes, 5 co-expressed gene modules (1,548 genes) were identified to be significantly correlated with 4 photosynthesis-related traits. Thus, based on this, a three-layered gene regulatory network (GRN) was established, which had included 77 photosynthetic genes (in the bottom layer), 40 TFs/miRNAs (in the second layer), as well as 20 TFs/miRNAs (in the top layer), using a backward elimination random forest (BWERF) algorithm. Importantly, 6 miRNAs and 4 TFs were found to be key regulators in this regulatory pathway, emphasizing the significant roles of TFs/miRNAs in affecting photosynthetic traits. The results imply a functional role for these key genes in mediating photosynthesis under heat stress, demonstrating the potential of combining time-course transcriptome-based regulatory pathway construction, cis-elements enrichment analysis, and expression-trait association approaches to dissect complex genetic networks.

Conclusions

The heat-responsive pathway in regulating photosynthesis is a multi-layered complex network which is co-controlled by TFs and miRNAs. Our work not only imply a functional role for these key genes in mediating photosynthesis responding to abiotic stress in poplar, but demonstrate time-course transcriptome-based regulatory network construction will facilitate further the genetic network and key nodes examining in plants.
Prevalence and phylogenetic analyses of porcine diarrhea associated viruses in Southern China from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Fanfan , Luo Suxian , Gu Jun , Li Zhiquan , Li Kai , Yuan Weifeng , Ye Yu , Li Hao , Ding Zhen , Song Deping , Tang Yuxin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea caused by viruses have occurred in pigs in China since late 2010. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, a total of 2,987 field diarrheal samples from 168 pig farms in five provinces in Southern China during 2012-2018 were collected and tested.

Results
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was the mostly frequently detected virus with prevalence rates between 50.21 and 62.10% in samples, and 96.43% (162/168) in premises, respectively. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was the second prevalent virus with detection rates ranging from 19.62 to 29.19% in samples, and 70.24% (118/168) in premises, respectively. Both transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine rotavirus (PRoV) were detected at low detection rates of < 3% in samples and 10.12% in premises. In the present study, we firstly identified swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in diarrheal samples of piglets from Fujian province in Southern China and the prevalence rate of SADS-CoV was 10.29% (7/68). Co-infections of these diarrhea-associated viruses were common. The most frequent co-infections observed were PEDV with PDCoV, with an average rate of 12.72% (380/2987, ranging from 8.26% ~ 17.33%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains of PEDV circulating in Southern China during the last 7 years were G IIa variant PEDVs. The most mutations were present in the collagenase equivalent (COE) and epitope regions of the spike protein of the PEDVs presently circulating in the field. PDCoVs in this area were closely related with Chinese PDCoVs other than the strains from the USA, South Korea, Thailand and Lao's public.

Conclusion
These findings indicated that PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV were leading etiologic agents; and there were severe mono-infections and co-infections of pathogenic enteric coronaviruses in pigs in Southern China during 2012 -2018 and thus the attention should be paid in order to prevent and control porcine viral diarrhea.
Thirteen Years Trend in the Magnitude of Urolithiasis and Cholelithiasis in Ethiopia: Evidence from Hospital-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Alelign Tilahun , Debella Asfaw , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay , Petros Beyene 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Recent studies have reported an increasing prevalence of stone diseases (urolithiasis and cholelithiasis) worldwide. However, studies that evaluate the occurrence of stone diseases in Ethiopia are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine trends in the incidence of stone diseases, and the associated comorbidities in Ethiopia during the last 13 years.

Methods

Thirteen years retrospective data were collected from medical records (Log Books and Electronic Databases) at St. Paulos Tertiary Referral Hospital, September 2005/2006 to 2017/2018. A total of 32,370 surgically treated patients were included in the study. Open surgical treatments related to stone diseases were identified via a thorough review of patient medical records. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 6 Software. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Stone diseases were found in 4044 (12.5%) patients. Of which, the prevalence of urolithiasis was 2.3%, whereas gallstones were 10.2%. In the last 13 years, the trend in stone prevalence has increased by 10.8% from year 2005/6 (6.4%) to 2017/18 (17.2%). The prevalence of stone diseases was found to be higher in females (72.7%) than in males (27.3%). In the case of gallstones, the ratio of females to males was 11.2:1, whereas urinary stones occurred equally in both sexes. The mean age at which the stones occurred was 42 years, and most cases (51.5%) were prevalent between 30 and 49 years of age. The majority of gallstone patients (65.2%) were asymptomatic, and most urolithiatic cases (46.5%) were located in the kidneys. Comorbidities associated with urolithiasis were the reduction in urinary output, and benign prostatic hyperplasia, whereas hernia and diabetes mellitus were associated with gallstones (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of urolithiasis and gallstones has been increasing over the past 13 years in patients reporting to a referral hospital from different parts of Ethiopia. These findings will raise the awareness of attending physicians and policy makers for prompt treatment interventions and to institute possible prevention measures to minimize stone recurrences. Moreover, research on alternative traditional medicinal treatment must be conducted since there are wide claims in Ethiopian folk medicine about curing stone diseases.