bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of lipophilic gold nanorod superparticles and their size-dependent SERS performances
Authors: Wu Gui-Lin , Deng Tian-Song , Wang Kun-Peng , Zhang Er-Ji , Liu Li-Yong , Cheng Yu-Chun , Gao Jia-Fei , Liu Jie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Gold nanorods are widely used in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) applications due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The self-assembly of gold nanorods further expands their applications and introduces new ensemble properties. In this paper, two types of gold nanorods with similar lengths but significantly different diameters were used for making superparticles. The gold nanorods were first surface-modified with thiol-terminated polystyrene (PS-SH), and then assembled into superparticles through emulsion volatilization. To test the SERS performances of the gold nanorod superparticles, nile red was used as a dye molecule to test the localization of the SERS performance of the single superparticles. It was found that as the size of the superparticles increased, the SERS performances also improved, with the final Raman signal intensity reaching up to 2*106. When the size of the superparticles was the same, the SERS performance was stronger for superparticles composed of gold nanorods with larger diameters. Additionally, a structure similar to the superparticles was designed for FDTD simulations, and the simulated results were highly consistent with the experimental results, further supporting our conclusions.
Evaluate the renal system damage caused by zoledronic acid: A comprehensive analysis of adverse events from FAERS
Authors: Wang Zhaojun , Su Xin , Shi Donglei , Wei Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is widely used for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastases in malignancies and osteoporosis, but it has been associated with renal impairment. In this study, we investigated adverse events (AEs) related to renal and urinary system diseases associated with ZA using the U.S. FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System.
Methods
We collected FAERS data from Q1 2004 to Q1 2024 and used the reporting odds ratio to detect AEs related to renal and urinary system diseases associated with ZA. Additionally, we applied multiple algorithms, including ROR, proportional reporting ratio, bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma poisson shrinker, to quantify renal and urinary AEs under different indications.
Results
A total of 52,495 AE reports involving ZA as the primary suspect drug were identified. Among renal and urinary system diseases, 25 distinct AEs were recognized, with renal tubular necrosis being the most frequently reported. For different indications, renal tubular necrosis was the most reported AE in breast cancer and osteoporosis; nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was both the most frequent and strongest signal in lung cancer; proteinuria was most common in multiple myeloma, and polyuria in prostate cancer. Furthermore, most AEs occurred in patients who had been on ZA for more than 360 days, followed by those within the first 30 days of use.
Conclusion
Based on pharmacovigilance data from FAERS, different renal and urinary system AEs should be closely monitored and addressed according to the specific indications for which ZA is used.
A randomized controlled, trial on effects of mobile phone text messaging in combination with motivational interviewing versus standard infant feeding counselling on breastfeeding and child health outcomes, among women living with HIV
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Thabane Lehana , Kuhn Louise , Els Christine , Lombard Carl , Cotton Mark F. , Young Taryn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Breastfeeding improves child health, development and survival, particularly in regions where diarrhoea, pneumonia and undernutrition are leading causes of death in children under five. Despite awareness of exclusive breastfeeding benefits and efforts to promote optimal infant feeding practices, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is low. We conducted a trial to determine whether text messaging plus motivational interviewing increase uptake of exclusive breastfeeding, prolong exclusive breastfeeding and improve child health outcomes.
Methods
We conducted the trial between July 2022 and May 2024, at a secondary-level healthcare facility in South Africa. Mothers living with HIV and their infant, initiating breastfeeding, on cART, 18 years or older, were randomly assigned to either weekly text messaging plus in-person motivational interviewing or standard infant feeding counselling for six months. The randomization allocation sequence was computer generated and assignment was done centrally.
Results
Mother-child pairs (n = 276) were randomly allocated to receive intervention (n = 138) or standard infant feeding counselling. One hundred five and 101 mother-child pairs in the intervention group and standard care group, respectively, had primary outcome data evaluation across all four study visits. We found no significant effect of the intervention on exclusive breastfeeding rates at week 24, (6% versus 7%), rate difference − 1% (95% CI -6–4%). Sixty-two of 276 (22%) mother-child pairs completely stopped breastfeeding before week 24. The most common reasons for stopping breastfeeding were the mother needing to return to work or look for work, 66% (n = 41). We also found that early breastfeeding cessation increased risk of child hospitalization or death compared to any form of breastfeeding to week 24, 10% (5/48) versus 3% (5/158), p = 0.055.
Conclusion
Socio-economic pressures influenced mothers’ decision to stop breastfeeding. Introduction of other foods before six months while breastfeeding remains common. Early cessation of breastfeeding is a public health threat. While finding interventions to enhance exclusive breastfeeding remains critical, HIV services should reliably offer cART, consistently monitor viral load, and support mothers cART adherence, especially where mixed feeding is common. Innovative interventions responsive to socio-economic challenges faced by mothers of reproductive and working age may be more effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Feasibility exploration of nano-thermal rod applied to deicing of tunnel pavement in cold region
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Wang Qingzhi , Luo Dongliang , Fang Jianhong , Sun Tian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to study the feasibility of a nano-thermal rod applied to deicing of tunnel pavement in cold region, the performance of the nano-thermal rod was investigated through experiments and numerical simulation methods. First, the heating efficiency of the nano-thermal rod and the carbon fiber heating wire under low voltage conditions were compared. Then, the tunnel pavement model was prepared and experimentally studied in the environmental simulation box. The effects of the arrangement parameters (including arrangement spacing, embedding depth, and input power) and environmental factors (including ambient temperature and immersion state) on the heating rate and heating effect were studied. Finally, COMSOL Multiphysics was employed to verify the experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the working temperature of the nano-thermal rod is approximately 60°C at a low voltage of 3.9V, with a higher heating efficiency compared to the carbon fiber heating wire. Additionally, both the layout form and ambient temperature of the nano-thermal rod significantly impact tunnel pavement temperature and heating rate. Among these factors, input power and ambient temperature have the most pronounced effects. Furthermore, surface moisture adversely affects the deicing. The experimental results were verified by numerical simulation, demonstrating that the error is within 1.48°C. It is concluded that the use of nano-thermal rod for deicing on tunnel pavements in cold areas is feasible.
Knockout IL4I1 affects macrophages to improve poor efficacy of CD19 CAR-T combined with PD-1 inhibitor in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang yi , Xiao Hairong , Liu Qingxi , Zhao Mingfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of B-cell hematologic malignancies. The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and CAR-T has shown encouraging results in treating patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, there are still cases where treatment is ineffective. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL4I1 in the poor efficacy of CD19 CAR-T combined with PD-1 inhibitors in R/R DLBCL and to explore potential mechanisms. Transcriptomic and metabolomic correlation analyses were performed on tumor tissue from DLBCL patients. We employed an in vitro co-culture system consisting of Pfeiffer cells, CD19 CAR-T and macrophages to investigate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that IL4I1 levels were significantly increased in the tumor tissues of R/R DLBCL patients compared to responders. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between IL4I1 and tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenic acid (Kyn) related metabolites. In the in vitro co-culture model, the presence of IL4I1 inhibited the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells. Depletion of IL4I1 disrupted the IDO-AHR-Kyn signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with CD19 CAR-T for DLBCL treatment. CAR-T-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited when IL4I1 was present in the in vitro co-culture model. These findings suggest that IL4I1 may be a contributing factor to poor prognosis in R/R DLBCL patients. IL4I1 expression enhances immunosuppression via the IDO-AHR-Kyn pathway, inhibiting the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitors combined with CD19 CAR-T. Therefore, suppression of IL4I1 may represent a potential target for combination therapy in DLBCL.
Changes in daily precipitation extremes over the Fiji Islands (1905-2021)
Authors: Fernández-Duque B. , Kumar R. , Kenawy A. El , Vicente-Serrano S.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Changes in daily precipitation extremes were assessed for the Fiji Islands from 1905 to 2021 using quality-controlled and homogenized series. A set of 23 daily precipitation indices, spanning a wide variability of daily precipitation characteristics, including the frequency, magnitude and the duration, were employed. Changes in extreme events were assessed using the nonparametric Kendall’s Tau-based slope estimator, while the significance of these changes was tested using the Mann Kendall statistic at the 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05). Results are presented for different time periods over the study domain, including 1905–2021, 1935–2021, and 1960–2021. Results suggest a general increase in most of the daily precipitation indices, as evidenced by a significant trend in the intensity of extreme precipitation events (rx1day and rx5d) for the period 1905–2021, albeit with a strong spatial and temporal variability. Most of these observed changes were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Stations on the leeward side of Viti Levu showed drier conditions, compared with those on the windward side. Changes in daily precipitation indices like dr1mm and dr3mm show varied patterns across different time periods, with substantial spatial variability between windward and leeward sides of Viti Levu. Our findings can contribute to the development and planning of sustainable strategies to assure water security and adaptative responses to extreme events over the Fiji Islands. Also, due to their isolation and relatively undisturbed ecosystems, our results can serve as early indicators of climate change and variability in remote oceanic islands.
Automatic and accurate determination of defect size in shearography using U-Net deep learning network
Authors: Wu Rong , Wei HaiBo , Lu Chao , Liu Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Shearography, an effective non-destructive testing tool, is widely employed for detecting defects in composite materials. It detects internal defects by detecting deformation anomalies, offering advantages such as full-field, non-contact measurement, and high accuracy. Defect size is a critical parameter determining structure performance stability and service life. However, manual inspection is the primary method for defect size measurement in this technique, leading to inefficiency and low accuracy. To address this issue, this study established a defect recognition and high-precision automatic measurement method based on the U-Net deep learning network. First, a high-precision one-time calibration method for all system parameters was developed. Second, U-Net was employed to segment the measured image, identifying defect location and subimage. Finally, defect size was accurately calculated by combining calibration parameters and segmented defect subimage. The proposed method yielded a measurement error of less than 5% and a real-time dynamic detection rate of 14 fps, demonstrating potential for automated quantitative defect detection.
Biodegradation of olive mill solid waste by Anthracophyllum discolor and Stereum hirsutum: Effect of copper and manganese supplementation
Authors: Benavides V. , Serrano A. , Ibieta Fernanda Pinto , Rubilar O. , Ciudad G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Anthracophyllum hirsutum and Stereum hirsutum produce manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase to break down lignin, a potential biological pretreatment for lignocellulosic biomass. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) added to olive mill solid waste (OMSW) inoculated with A. discolor and S. hirsutum on ligninolytic enzyme activity, lignin degradation, and phenolic compound removal. Different optimal metal dosages were determined for each fungal strain. For S. hirsutum, the addition of 6.1 mg Cu kg⁻¹ and 7.3 mg Mn kg⁻¹ resulted in 173 ± 5 U·L⁻¹ MnP activity (an 863% increase compared to no metal addition) and 42 ± 3% lignin degradation (183% higher than with no metal addition, 15 ± 3%). These conditions also led to 65–75% phenol removal efficiencies in OMSW at 25 days and 80–95% in leachates between 20 and 30 days. For A. discolor, 14.6 mg Mn kg⁻¹ yielded 37 ± 7 U·L⁻¹ MnP activity (a 142% increase compared to no metal addition) and 38 ± 7% lignin degradation (150% higher than with no metal addition, 15 ± 3%). Under these conditions, A. discolor achieved 80–90% phenol removal in leachates at 20 days. These results demonstrate the positive effect of optimised metal supplementation, highlighting the potential of S. hirsutum and A. discolor for effective lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and future mycoremediation processes.
WITHDRAWN: Optimal Planning of Smart Parking Lot based Combined Hydrogen, Heat and Power (SPL-CHHP) to improve Eco-Techno-Emission Constraints
Authors: Mohammad Suleiman Ibrahim , Oraini Badrea Al , Alkhayyat Ahmad , Vasudevan Asokan , Vaghela Krunal , Dey Protyay , Aggarwal Ankita , Sri G. , Jaafar Mahdi Sh. , Al-KHAFAJI MUSTAFA 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Three main concerns of energy administrators in the distribution network, includes satisfying economic, technical and environmental constraints in the acceptable region. Installing several kinds of distributed generators (DGs) is done to achieve these aims. In this paper, optimal planning of smart parking lot- based combined hydrogen, heat and power (SPL-CHHP) is studied to improve all of technical, economic and environmental issues. SPL-CHHP includes: wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic system (PV) batteries and CHHP. The CHHP includes: electrolyzer, fuel cell, thermal exchanger, electric, hydrogen and thermal storage units. Due to multi-index form of proposed planning problem, fuzzy logic and energy valley optimizer are used to solve it. By applying proposed method’s optimal solution, the annual cost saving from importing electricity is $1.36 million with penetration of 65.63% of SPL-CHHPs, total power loss is cut up to 84.64%, the voltage range is improved from [0.909, 1.00] to [0.965, 1.031] and generated emission is also decreased by 68.55%. Thereby, connecting SPL-CHHPs can bring many different benefits and the introduced method is truly a powerful method for addressing optimization problems related to the integration of SPL-CHHPs in the DS.
Achieving 5% 13C nuclear spin hyperpolarization in high-purity diamond at room temperature and low magnetic field
Authors: Kavtanyuk Vladimir Vladimirovich , Lee Changjae , Jeon Keunhong , Shim Jeong Hyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Optically polarizable nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond enable hyperpolarization of 13C nuclear spins at a low magnetic field and room temperature. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a high level of polarization, comparable to that of conventional dynamic nuclear polarization. In this paper, we demonstrate that a 13C polarization of 5\% can be attained at less than 10 mT, equivalent to an enhancement ratio of over 7 x 10^6. We used a high-purity diamond with an initial nitrogen concentration below 1 ppm, resulting in a storage time exceeding 100 minutes. Aligning the magnetic field along [100] increased the number of NV spins involved in polarization transfer by a factor of four. For this field orientation, a comprehensive optimization of the field intensity and microwave (MW) frequency-sweep parameters has been performed. The optimum MW sweep width suggests that polarization transfer occurs primarily to the bulk 13C spins through the integrated solid effect, followed by nuclear spin diffusion.
Cross Cultural Validity and Reliability of the Five-Item Social Frailty Scale
Authors: Karakurt Nermin , Çataltepe Esra , Çeker Eda , Fadıloğlu Ayşe , Güngör Fatih , Varan Hacer Dogan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The validity and reliability of social frailty indexes among different populations have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Five-Item Social Frailty Scale (SFS) in the Turkish population.
METHODS
A total of 308 patients aged 65 years or over were included in the study. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The SFS was translated into Turkish using the forward-backward translation method. After translation, it was tested for intelligibility on 15 patients. For the inter-rater reliability assessment, questions were asked to 55 patients by two experts, sequentially on the same day in different rooms. For intra-rater reliability, 50 patients were asked the same questions by the same expert at one-week intervals. Intra-rater and inter-rater consistency were evaluated. Correlations between the SFS and geriatric assessment tests were performed.
RESULTS
The mean age of the 308 participants was 74.8 ± 6.2. Of these, 151(49%) were female. In terms of social frailty, 143 (46.4%) of the participants were robust, 105 (34.1%) were prefrail, and 60 (19.5%) were frail. Social frailty was less common in women, married individuals and those who exercised at least 1–2 days a week for 30 minutes. Intra-rater and inter-rater concordance were found to be perfect with Kappa values of 0.90 (p:<0.001) and 0.85 (p:<0.001), respectively. The SFS had statistically significant correlations with geriatric assessment tests.
DISCUSSION
The Five-Item Social Frailty Scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social frailty in the Turkish population.
Neuromorphic system using capacitor synapses
Authors: Oshio Reon , Kuwahara Takumi , Aoki Takeru , Kimura Mutsumi , Nakashima Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligences are indispensable social infrastructures, neural networks are embodiment methodologies, and neuromorphic systems are promising solutions for compact size and low energy. Memristors were first prepared for the synapse devices but incur energy consumption, and memcapacitors were next prepared but have small dynamic ranges of capacitance. In this research, we have developed a neuromorphic system using capacitor synapses. Here, multiple capacitors have binary-weighted capacitances and are controlled to be connected to intermediate signals. They are discharged through transistors, and when they fall below the threshold voltage, the output signals are inverted. After all, electric charges in the multiple capacitances are summed and measured by the inverting intervals, which is the same as multiply–accumulate operation. A large-scale integration chip is actually fabricated. The working is confirmed by MNIST, and the circuit-aware rounding improves the accuracy to 96 %, indicating a sufficient possibility for practical applications, and the energy efficiency is 163 GOPS/W even by the 180 nm technology, indicating a great potential for low energy consumption.
DPKT: Difficulty-Aware Programming Knowledge Tracing with Large Language Models
Authors: Yang Lina , Sun Xinjie , Li Hui , Xu Ran , Wei Xuqin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Knowledge Tracing ( KT ) assesses students’ mastery of specific knowledge concepts and predicts their problem-solving abilities by analyzing their interactions with intelligent tutoring systems. Although recent years have seen significant improvements in tracking accuracy with the introduction of deep learning and graph neural network techniques, existing research has not sufficiently focused on the impact of difficulty on knowledge state. The text understanding difficulty and knowledge concept difficulty of programming problems are crucial for students’ responses; thus, accurately assessing these two types of difficulty and applying them to knowledge state prediction is a key challenge. To address this challenge, we propose a Difficulty-aware Programming Knowledge Tracing with Large Language Models ( DPKT ) to extract the text understanding difficulty and knowledge concept difficulty of programming problems. Specifically, we analyze the relationship between knowledge concept difficulty and text understanding difficulty using an attention mechanism, allowing for dynamic updates to students’ s. This model combines an update gate mechanism with a graph attention network, significantly improving the assessment accuracy of programming problem difficulty and the spatiotemporal reflection capability of knowledge state. Experimental results demonstrate that this model performs excellently across various language datasets, validating its application value in programming education. This model provides an innovative solution for programming knowledge tracing and offers educators a powerful tool to promote personalized learning.