bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Flux Explorer optical assessment of C, N and P fluxes
Authors: Bourne Hannah L. , Bishop James K. B. , Wood Todd J. , Loew Timothy J. , Liu Yizhuang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The magnitude and controls of particulate carbon exported from surface waters
and its remineralization at depth are poorly constrained. The Carbon Flux
Explorer (CFE), a Lagrangian float-deployed imaging sediment trap, has been
designed to optically measure the hourly variations of particle flux to
kilometer depths for months to seasons while relaying data in near-real time
to shore via satellite without attending ships. The main optical proxy for
particle load recorded by the CFE, volume attenuance (VA; units of
mATN cm2), while rigorously defined and highly precise, has not been
robustly calibrated in terms of particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen
(PN) and phosphorus (PP). In this study, a novel 3-D-printed particle sampler
using cutting edge additive manufacturing was developed and integrated with
the CFE. Two such modified floats (CFE-Cals) were deployed a total of
15 times for 18–24 h periods to gain calibration imagery and samples at
depths near 150 m in four contrasting productivity environments during the
June 2017 California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER)
process study. Regression slopes for VA : POC and VA : PN (units
mATN cm2: mmol; R2, n, p value in parentheses) were
1.01×104 (0.86, 12, < 0.001) and 1.01×105
(0.86, 15, < 0.001), respectively, and were not sensitive to
particle size classes or the contrasting environments encountered. PP was not
well correlated with VA, reflecting the high lability of P relative to C and
N. The volume attenuance flux (VAF) to POC flux calibration is compared to
previous estimates.
GESTÃO DO FIM DE VIDA DE MÓDULOS FOTOVOLTAICOS
Authors: Miranda Rosana Teixeira , Leandro Francielle Da Silva , Silva Tatiane Caetano 
Published: March 2019

A inclusão da energia solar fotovoltaica na matriz energética é vista com uma ação positiva em substituição às fontes fósseis. Contudo, a promoção desta fonte de energia deve ser analisada pensando nos impactos ambientais que os sistemas fotovoltaicos trarão quando alcançarem o término de sua vida útil. Com a expectativa de vida útil entre 25 e 30 anos, nos próximos anos é esperado que grande quantidade de módulos seja descartada. No Brasil, os módulos se enquadram hoje como lixo eletrônico. O descarte e a disposição desses resíduos em aterros podem se tornar um sério problema. A correta gestão do fim de vida reduziria o impacto ambiental, além de possibilitar a recuperação de matéria primas importante que podem retornar ao ciclo produtivo de novos sistemas. Este artigo abordará como alguns países e o Brasil estão se preparando para lidar com este problema e apresentará também algumas regulamentações já em andamento para tratativas em relação à gestão do fim da vida útil dos módulos fotovoltaicos. Palavras chave: energia renovável, reciclagem, resíduo eletrônico.
Hephaestus the Hobbling Humorist: The Club-Footed God in the History of Early Greek Comedy
Authors: Hall Edith 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article argues that Hephaestus, the only physically disabled Olympian deity, occupies an important position in the history of comedy and the Greek tradition of laughter. From the Homeric epics to fourth-century comedy and vase-painting, Hephaestus is consistently to be found in cultural contexts which explore the instrumentality of laughter in domestic and social relationships, rituals and entertainments. The article proposes that the structure of the mythical narrative of the Return of Hephaestus, with its estrangement of the protagonist from his community, riotous reconciliation, and komastic procession, underlies several Old Comedies. It also suggests that his banausic profession and deformity helped to make him particularly popular in cultural artifacts—vases and dramas—produced in Athens in the democratic period because neither his trade nor his appearance would have disqualified him from wielding sovereign power, κράτος, as a citizen there.
Are Animals Persons? Why Ask?
Authors: Beaudry Jonas-Sébastien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article reflects upon the increasingly popular claim that animals are persons. Such a claim can take a metaphysical, a moral, or a legal meaning. Animals may or may not be persons, but I challenge the assumption that it is even fruitful to think about the ways in which animals are “persons.” At best, it is a relatively narrow assimilationist conceptual exercise. At worst, it distracts us from conceptualizing more effective strategies to improve the welfare of animals and impoverishes more promising avenues of philosophical investigation on interspecies relations and on the nature and moral status of both animals and human beings.
Barbed sutures versus conventional tenorrhaphy in flexor tendon repair: An ex vivo biomechanical analysis
Authors: Çolak Özlem , Kankaya Yüksel , Sungur Nezih , Özer Kadri , Gürsoy Koray , Şerbetçi Kemal , Koçer Uğur 
Published: March 2019

Background The management of flexor tendon injuries has evolved in recent years through industrial improvements in suture materials, refinements of repair methods, and early rehabilitation protocols. However, there is no consensus on the ideal suture material and technique. This study was conducted to compare the tensile strength, repair time, and characteristics of 4-strand cruciate, modified Kessler, and 4-strand horizontal intrafiber barbed sutures for flexor tenorrhaphy with a 12-mm suture purchase length in an animal model.
Methods The right third deep flexors of 60 adult Leghorn chicken feet were isolated and repaired with a 12-mm suture purchase length. The tendons were randomly assigned to three groups of equal number (n=20 each). Groups 1 and 2 received 4-strand cruciate and modified Kessler repair with conventional suture materials, respectively. A 4-strand horizontal intrafiber barbed suture technique was used in group 3. The repaired tendons were biomechanically tested for tensile strength, 2-mm gap resistance, and mode of failure. Repair times were also recorded.
Results The maximum tensile strength until failure was 44.6±4.3 N in group 1, 35.7±5.2 N in group 2, and 56.7±17.3 N in group 3. The barbed sutures were superior to the other sutures in terms of the load needed for 2-mm gap formation (P<0.05). Furthermore, the barbed sutures showed the shortest repair time (P<0.05).
Conclusions This study found that 4-strand horizontal intrafiber barbed suture repair with a 12-mm purchase length in a chicken flexor tendon injury model showed promising biomechanical properties and took less time to perform than other options.
Le procès Al Mahdi : « Un pas de géant » pour la Cour pénale internationale ?
Authors: Ouédraogo Émile 
Published: March 2019

Le 28 septembre 2016, la Chambre de première instance de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI) a rendu son verdict dans l’affaire Le Procureur c Ahmad Al Faqi AlMahdi relative à la destruction des mausolées de Tombouctou. Ce procès, perçu comme un instant historique, était très attendu par les acteurs de la justice pénale internationale, car c’était la première fois que la Cour a connu, depuis sa création, une affaire concernant les violations des règles qui protègent le patrimoine culturel. Toutefois, la décision de la Cour, eu égard au moyen par lequel elle est intervenue, à savoir le plaidoyer de culpabilité, semble limiter l’apport du premier jugement sur les biens culturels selon certains observateurs. Cet article revient sur les différents points de vue et porte une analyse critique sur les enjeux du procès quant à l’avenir de la CPI, soit la signification du plaidoyer de culpabilité, son incidence sur le procès et sur les attentes des victimes, l’avenir de la répression des violations des règles de protection des biens culturels ainsi que la stratégie du bureau du procureur dans la gestion de ce dossier.
Algal-biomass Production from Chlorella sp. Using Hot and Cold Water Infusions of Poultry Droppings
Authors: Effiong E. , Agwa O. K. , Abu G. O. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Microbial biomass is a valuable resource to the development of sustainable energy. However, the challenge of having an effective media for energy production have adversely affected biotechnological development. This study was aimed at comparing algal biomass produced by Chlorella sp. using hot and cold water extracts of poultry droppings.
Methodology: Fifteen grams (15 g) of poultry droppings was infused into 500 mL (cold and hot water) and allowed to stand for 48 h prior. Algal growth was monitored by cell dry weight and optical density readings taken at 620 nm using a spectrophotometer.
Results: Physicochemical composition of the poultry droppings for cold water infusion revealed the following: pH, 6.7; conductivity, 3404.1 µs/cm; phosphate, 25.3 ppm; nitrate,1.88 ppm; phosphate, 25.3 ppm; Mg2+, 27.20 ppm; TOC, 38.03 ppm and COD, 53.8 ppm after 48 h. Whereas, the values obtained for hot extractions were: pH, 6.28; conductivity, 3.82 µs/cm; nitrate, 1.24 ppm; phosphate, 28.0 ppm; Mg2+, 19.85 ppm; TOC, 64.03 ppm and COD, 553.3 ppm. The proximate composition of extract revealed crude fibre, 17.69%, ash content, 24.16%; crude fibre, 22.7%; crude protein, 21.02%; crude fat, 3.19% and crude carbohydrate 23.02%. Microflora obtained from the biostability test revealed the presence of Proteus sp, Vibrio sp. and Salmonella sp. in cold extract while hot extract had Bacillus sp. and Serratia sp. The Chlorella sp. was identified using colonial and microscopic features. Biomass yield of 3.1 g/L and 2.8 g/l wet weight of Chlorella biomass was recorded for the cold and hot aqueous extracts of the poultry droppings respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that hot poultry droppings extract (PDE) could offer a better feedstock for biodiesel production.
Phytochemical Composition of Lippia javanica (Burm. F) Sprengel and Evaluation of Its Botanical Extracts on Aphid (Aphis craccivora) C.L (Koch) Management on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Authors: Masinde Collins Wafula 
Published: March 2019

Lippia javanica (Burm F.) Spreng occurs naturally in Eastern, Central, and southern Africa. The species is also known to occur in the tropical Indian subcontinent. Lippia javanica is exploited widely for its potential uses as an herbal tea, in ethno medicine, pharmacognosy, and as a botanical pesticide. Despite the general utilization as a botanical pesticide, little is known about the phytochemical composition and efficacy of the extracts of L. javanica on common aphid of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in Kenya. This study ascertained the non-volatile phytochemical compounds, and assessed the efficacy of the crude extracts of L. javanica on Vigna unguiculata aphid (Aphis craccivora) C,L (Koch). Phytochemical composition of the L. javanica was determined by screening of the crude extracts for presence or absence of the bioactive compounds. The screening test was conducted at the botany laboratory of Maseno University, Kenya in September 2016. The evaluation of the effectiveness of L. javanica extracts against Aphis craccivora, was conducted at Nzouni sub-location, Makueni County from November 2016 to March 2017. A completely randomized block design with five treatments (1%, 5%, 10%, positive, and negative controls) was adopted for the field efficacy experiment. Lippia javanica was found to be rich in phenols, flavonoids, flavones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, coumarins, anthocyanins, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids that could be postulated to exhibit toxicity effects on aphids. Application of the extracts irrespective of concentrations significantly suppressed aphid pest population at P≤ 0.05. The suppression and inactivity of aphids increased with increasing concentration. It is notable that the mixture of L. javanica extracts at 10% surpassed 1% and 5%. In addition, the 10% extract favorably competes with the synthetic insecticide such as Atom or Osho Syngenta.
Antibacterial Activity of Anabaena circinalis Isolated from Fresh Water
Authors: Abobaker Hanan. M. , Elsalhin Hamida. EL. 
Published: March 2019

Cultures of the blue green algae (cyanobacteria) Anabaena circinalis were identified and isolated from freshwater and their antimicrobial effect was studied. The extract of A. circinalis was tested to investigate its efficiency against four bacterial strains (Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae. Antimicrobial test was determined by disk diffusion method. Different concentrations of algal extracts (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested. Results showed that the highest level of antimicrobial activity was recorded against S. dysenteriae at 100% concentration followed by 25% extract concentration against the same bacteria. In comparison with two antibiotics Ampicillin (AMP), oxacilina (OXA), AMP was the most effective on S. dysenteriae followed by OXA. S. aureus and E. coli were resistant to both antibiotics while they were sensitive to A. circinalis extracts at even at low concentrations (25% and 50%). Thus the present study revealed that extracts of A. circinalis extract is would be a promising natural source, for novel antibiotics, hence worthy for more investigations.
Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Environmental Surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Palmer O. G. , Onifade A. K. 
Published: March 2019

Nosocomial infection is a rising problem in developing countries. Microorganisms Isolated from three private and public hospital environmental surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. Bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and compared among the three hospitals. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environmental surfaces than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria but Aspergillus funmigatus was the predominant fungi. The result showed that the microbial loads of the public hospitals were higher than that of the private hospitals. The bacteria load of the male ward was found to be higher than that of the female ward while the fungal loads of each of the hospital environmental surfaces of female were higher than that of the male. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environment than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria. All the hospital environmental surfaces were contaminated with one or more microorganisms in the course of the research.
Response of Soil Microorganisms to Oilfield Wastewater
Authors: Owhonka Aleruchi , Omokaro Obire, 
Published: March 2019

Environmental pollution resulting from oil exploitation and exploration has impacted negatively on the biodiversity of the affected areas. Therefore, this study investigated the response of soil microorganisms to oilfield wastewater. The oilfield wastewater and soil samples were collected from an onshore oil producing platform fortnightly for a period of three months and microbiological analyses were performed using standard methods. Soil around pond average counts for THB and HUB (Log10 CFU/g) were 7.32 to 7.35 and 4.16 to 4.22 respectively. Soil 80 m away from pond average range for THB and HUB were 7.38 to 7.40 and 3.32 to 3.34 respectively. For TF and HUF, Soil around the pond mean recorded 4.65 to 4.85 and 4.12 to 4.16 (Log10 CFU/g) respectively. Mean monthly counts for soil 80m away TF and HUF (Log10 CFU/g) were 5.03 to 5.05 and 3.26 to 3.34 respectively. Soil around the pond recorded lower total heterotrophic bacteria count and total fungi count but higher hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and hydrocarbon utilizing fungi than soil 80 m away.
There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the THB and HUB in the various samples. For the fungi count there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between TF and HUF in all the samples except in sample obtained from soil 80 m away from pond.
Bacteria species isolated from the study include: Bacillus, Aeromonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Chryseomonas, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella. Apart from Aeromonas and Chryseomonas the rest of the isolate were identified also as hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. While fungi species isolated includes: Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Geotricum, Trichoderma, Fusarium and Penicillium. Hydrocarbon utilizing fungi that occurred includes: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The response of these microorganisms in the oil polluted environment suggests that the isolated bacteria and fungi could utilize the oil as energy and carbon source and could be effective in the cleanup of the polluted sites.
Quality of Life of Diabetic Children in Public Diabetes Specialized Clinics, Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Elzaki Hiba Ali , Ali Kamil Merghani , Elkhidir Osama Ahmed , Kheir Sarra Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Background: Quality of life assessment can be a good baseline measures to determine the efficacy of health policies that are designed to reduce or eradicate the detrimental disease effect.
Aim: This study aimed at assessing the different dimensions of quality of life in children with diabetes including physical, social, emotional and school function.
Methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state - Sudan using a cross sectional design. Data was obtained in 2018 at three outpatient diabetes clinics, using systematic random sampling with sample size of 138 diabetic children aged between 2-18 years, via structured interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and test the relationship between quality of life and other independent variables: demography ( age, gender, parents’ education, age, residency and occupation), type of diabetes, type of treatment, duration of illness, control of diabetes and insurance status.
Results: The mean age of children was 11.1±3.64 years. Most of them were females 63%. More than half of participants were not covered by any insurance scheme. Those with diabetes reported personal and adverse social effects, poor control; HA1C more than 6.5% in 90% of participants. Mean generic quality of life was 80.03 ± 27 and 80.84 ± 28 p-value =0.73 for parents and children respectively.
Conclusion: Diabetes adversely affects the quality of life of diabetic children which is influenced by history of hospitalization. Further studies on Diabetes quality of life are recommended.
Hydrogenation of (Hetero)aryl Boronate Esters with a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene–Rhodium Complex: Direct Access to cis‐Substituted Borylated Cycloalkanes and Saturated Heterocycles
Authors: Ling Liang , He Yuan , Zhang Xue , Luo Meiming , Zeng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe herein report the hydrogenation of substituted aryl‐ and heteroaryl boronate esters for the selective synthesis of cis‐substituted borylated cycloalkanes and saturated heterocycles. A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene‐ligated rhodium complex with two dimethyl groups at the ortho‐alkyl scaffold of the carbene showed high reactivity in promoting the hydrogenation, thereby enabling the hydrogenation of (hetero)arenes with retention of the synthetically valuable boronate group. This process constitutes a clean, atom‐economic, as well as chemo‐ and stereoselective route for the generation of cis‐configured, diversely substituted borylated cycloalkanes and saturated heterocycles that are usually elusive and difficult to prepare.
Progressive and disseminated histoplasma infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult
Authors: Dousa Khalid M. , De la Hoz Alejandro , Church Elizabeth , Onger Tiffany , Perez Federico , Saade Elie 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults is a life‐threatening underdiagnosed disorder that complicates different infectious syndromes and overlaps with sepsis. No guidelines are available for the management of HLH in adults. A high index of suspicion is required in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis.
Synthesis of CNTs@POP‐Salen Core‐Shell Nanostructures for Catalytic Epoxides Hydration
Authors: Li He , Zhong Mingmei , Li Chunzhi , Ren Yiqi , Chen Jian , Yang Qihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicroporous polymers have been considered as promising heterogeneous catalysts for versatile chemical transformations. However, the mass diffusion barriers through the microporous network still remains a big hindrance. Herein, an efficient and versatile strategy for shortening the mass diffusion pathway through microporous polymer was reported by constructing a CNTs@POP‐salen core‐shell nanostructure. CNTs@POP‐Co(salen) could efficiently catalyze the epoxide hydration reaction at H2O/epoxides ratio as low as 2, demonstrating the efficient cooperation of Co(salen) integrated in the polymer network. CNTs@POP‐Co(salen) showed much higher activity than bulk polymer in propylene oxide (PO) hydration reaction (TOF: 3150 versus 1470 h−1) due to the shortened diffusion pathway, which was further confirmed by adsorption experiment using phenol as probe molecule. Our primary results demonstrated the advantages of core‐shell nanostructures to improve the catalytic activity of microporous polymers by enhancing the mass diffusion during the catalytic process.
Cultivating Electrochemically Active Biofilms at Continuously Changing Electrode Potentials
Authors: Riedl Sebastian , Brown Robert K. , Alvarez Esquivel Diana Y. , Wichmann Hilke , Huber Katharina J. , Bunk Boyke , Overmann Jörg , Schröder Uwe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, electrochemically active microbial biofilms were cultivated and studied at continuously alternating electrode potentials. Compared to cultivation and operation at a single constant potential, this method enhanced microbial turnover and maximum current densities. Electrochemically active microbial biofilms were cultivated in a multi‐carbon source culture for several biofilm generations and were subsequently fed with real, domestic wastewater. Compared to constant potential cultivation, average (N=12) biofilm limiting current density at +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl increased from 0.350±0.101 to 0.508±0.099 mA cm−2 with a significant reduction in the time required until the maximum current output was reached from 2.01±0.79 to 1.36±0.71 d. The relative increase in maximum current density and decrease in the time required to reach it are similar. The relative differences of higher over lower values are both approximately 45 %. Biofilm community analysis showed a dominance of Geobacteraceae spp. in the electrochemically active biofilms, which is in accordance with the formal potentials derived from cyclic voltammetry. The overall increase in performance is related to the selection of electrochemically active microorganisms, which exhibit local maxima in their electron transfer kinetics between −0.3 and −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl.