bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Diabetes Distress in a University Population
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Rennie Rochelle G. , Guseman Emily H. , Rodgers Alicia , Healy Amber M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContextDiabetes distress is an affective condition that addresses an individual's frustrations, worries, and concerns about living with diabetes. It is associated with fewer self-care behaviors, suboptimal glycemic control, and lower quality of life (QOL). For these reasons, diabetes care guidelines recommend routine assessment of diabetes distress.ObjectiveTo assess diabetes distress in a university population.MethodsThis study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Researchers assessed diabetes distress and other psychosocial factors via an electronic anonymous survey among students, faculty, and staff at a large university in the Midwest.ResultsA total of 173 participants completed the survey (mean [SD] age, 35.1 [16.7] years), with 108 [62.4%] female and 142 [82.1%] white participants). Eighty-five participants had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and 88 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Of the 85 T1DM participants, 23 (27.4%) reported high diabetes distress, and 27 (30.7%) T2DM participants reported high diabetes distress. Sixteen T1DM (18.8%) and 15 T2DM (17.0%) participants screened positive for severe depression. Severe depression was associated with high distress for both T1DM and T2DM participants (T1DM: χ2=28.845,P<.001; T2DM: χ2=20.679,P<.001). Participants with T1DM reported more frequent self-care behaviors (mean [SD], 62.3 [17.1] vs 52.2 [19.2];P<.001), but lower diabetes QOL (63.3 [14.1] vs 68.5 [15.5];P=.021) compared with T2DM participants. No differences were observed in depressive symptoms, diabetes self-efficacy, and coping styles. Linear regression models showed that high diabetes distress scores (standardized β=.323,P=.025; standardized β=.604,P<.001) were independently associated with higher hemoglobin A1Clevels and lower diabetes QOL after controlling for depressive symptoms, age, and gender in T1DM participants. Similarly, high diabetes distress scores (standardized β=.434,P<.001) were associated with lower diabetes QOL in T2DM participants after controlling for the same variables.ConclusionHigh diabetes distress levels were associated with lower diabetes QOL for both T1DM and T2DM participants. These findings suggest that attending or working at a university may be associated with high diabetes distress scores and lower diabetes QOL. Additional research with a larger, more diverse sample from multiple universities is needed to confirm these findings.
Evaluating the Influence of Research on Match Success for Osteopathic and Allopathic Applicants to Residency Programs
Authors: Matthews Christopher N. , Estrada Danielle C. , George-Weinstein Mindy , Claeson Kerin M. , Roberts Michael B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
Analyzing factors that may enhance osteopathic applicants’ likelihood of matching is warranted given that United States osteopathic and allopathic residency programs will have a single accreditation system in 2020.

Objectives
To determine the impact of research accomplishments and experiences on osteopathic and allopathic residency matching.

Methods
Analysis of variance, t test, and odds ratios were used to examine data from the National Resident Matching Program Charting Outcomes from 2016 and 2018. Relationships between match status and medical degree, specialty matching, and mean numbers of research accomplishments and experiences in the Main Residency Match were analyzed.

Results
Matched osteopathic and allopathic applicants had significantly greater numbers of research accomplishments (mean [SD], 5.18 [4.34]) than unmatched applicants (3.66 [2.87]) (P=.006). Applicants who matched (mean [SD], 2.81 [1.64]) had similar numbers of research experiences to those who did not match (2.43 [1.26]) (P=.068). Matched and unmatched allopathic applicants’ research accomplishments (5.91 [3.72]) were significantly greater than that of osteopathic applicants (2.60 [2.90]) (P<.001). Significant differences also were found between the means of research experiences of matched and unmatched osteopathic (mean [SD], 1.73 [1.21]) and allopathic applicants (3.36 [1.25], P<.001). Matched and unmatched osteopathic applicants’ had similar means for research accomplishments (mean [SD], 3.00 [3.64] and 2.20 [1.84], respectively; P=.242) and experiences (1.79 [1.31] and 1.66 [1.12], respectively; P=.664). By contrast, significant differences were found between the numbers of research accomplishments for matched (mean [SD], 6.97 [4.07]) vs unmatched (4.86 [3.02]) allopathic applicants (P=.007). The only subspecialty for which research experiences of osteopathic applicants correlated with matching was physical medicine and rehabilitation (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.30-5.84).

Conclusion
Research seems to have a greater influence on matching for allopathic than osteopathic applicants. Although both osteopathic and allopathic programs have standards pertaining to scholarly activity, allopathic medical schools may place a greater emphasis on research. Increasing osteopathic medical students’ exposure to research is predicted to enhance their competitiveness for matching and help develop skills relevant to the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Detecting the impact of land cover change on observed rainfall
Authors: Liang Chun Xia , van Ogtrop Floris F. , Vervoort R. Willem 
Published: August 2019

Analysis of observational data to pinpoint impact of land cover change on local rainfall is difficult due to multiple environmental factors that cannot be strictly controlled. In this study we use a statistical approach to identify the relationship between removal of tree cover and rainfall with data from best available sources for two large areas in Australia. Gridded rainfall data between 1979 and 2015 was used for the areas, while large scale (exogenous) effects were represented by mean rainfall across a much larger area and climatic indicators, such as Southern Oscillation Index and Indian Ocean Dipole. Both generalised additive modelling and step trend tests were used for the analysis. For a region in south central Queensland, the reported change in tree clearing between 2002–2005 did not result in strong statistically significant precipitation changes. On the other hand, results from a bushfire affected region on the border of New South Wales and Victoria suggest significant changes in the rainfall due to changes in tree cover. This indicates the method works better when an abrupt change in the data can be clearly identified. The results from the step trend test also mainly identified a positive relationship between the tree cover and the rainfall atp < 0.1 at the NSW/Victoria region. High rainfall variability and possible regrowth could have impacted the results in the Queensland region.
Cell-free supernatants from cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented grape as biocontrol againstSalmonellaTyphi andSalmonellaTyphimurium virulence via autoinducer-2 and biofilm interference
Authors: Pelyuntha Wattana , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Kantachote Duangporn , Sirilun Sasithorn 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSalmonellaTyphi andSalmonellaTyphimurium are the causative pathogens of salmonellosis, and they are mostly found in animal source foods (ASF). The inappropriate use of antibiotics enhances the possibility for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens and antibiotic residue in ASF. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal farming is the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).MethodsThe present study was carried out the cells and/or the cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) from beneficial LAB againstS.Typhi andS.Typhimurium. The antibacterial mechanisms of LAB-CFCS as biocontrol agents against bothSalmonellaserovars were investigated through the analysis of anti-salmonella growth activity, biofilm inhibition and quorum quenching activity.ResultsAmong 146 LAB strains isolated from 110 fermented food samples, the 2 strong inhibitory effect strains (WM33 and WM36) from fermented grapes against bothSalmonellaserovars were selected. Out of the selected strains, WM36 was the most effective inhibitor, which indicatedS.Typhi by showing 95.68% biofilm inhibition at 20% biofilm inhibition concentration (BIC) and reduced 99.84% of AI-2 signaling interference. The WM33 was the best to controlS.Typhimurium by producing 66.46% biofilm inhibition at only 15% BIC and 99.99% AI-2 signaling a reduction. The 16S rDNA was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The selected isolates were identified asWeissella viridescensWM33 andWeissella confusaWM36 based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis.ConclusionThe metabolic extracts fromWeissellaspp. inhibitSalmonellaserovars with the potential to be used as biocontrol agents to improve microbiological safety in the production of ASF.
Association between serum uric acid and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Linxin , Li Ting , Yin Jianhong , Lin Gang , Xu Yali , Ren Yi , Wang Yan , Yang Jing , Chen Liming 
Published: August 2019

Background
To investigate whether SUA is associated with NAFLD in men and women with T2DM.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with T2DM at Shanxi High-Tech Development Zone Central Hospital (June 2011 to September 2017). Patients were stratified according to gender and presence/absence of NAFLD. Parameters associated with NAFLD were identified using multivariate stepwise linear regression and univariate/multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Among 597 patients (325 males) enrolled, 352 had NAFLD. SUA was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group for both men and women (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that body mass index (positively), triglycerides (positively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (negatively) were independently related to SUA (P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression revealed increased odds of NAFLD for SUA tertiles 2 (P = 0.022) and 3 (P = 0.001) in women and tertile 3 (P = 0.039) in men. After adjustment for multiple clinical parameters, SUA tertiles were significantly associated with NAFLD for tertile 3 in women (P = 0.014), although there were trends toward associations for tertile 2 in women (P = 0.074) and tertiles 2 and 3 in men (P = 0.085 and 0.054, respectively).

Conclusion
SUA is not independently associated with NAFLD in men or women with T2DM after rigorous adjustment for other metabolic parameters.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Offal Meats (Kidney and Liver) of Beef Sold at Gwagwalada Market, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Oloruntoba Adefarati , Nathaniel Isaiah Adukwu 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in kidney and liver of slaughtered cattle.
Study Design: Analytical method.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples obtained from Gwagwalada abattoir in Abuja, Nigeria and transported University of Abuja, Chemistry Laboratory for analysis. The study lasted for four (4) months.
Methodology: Wet digestion of samples followed by metal analysis using Accusys 211 Bulk Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
Results: The empirical results indicated that the mean levels or concentration of these heavy metals in kidney of cattle were 47.75±0.002 mg/g Zn, 279.5±0.084 mg/g Fe, 10.00±0.00mg/g Mn, while Cd and Pb were not detected. The levels or concentration of heavy metals in the liver sample were 0.500=±0.000025 mg/g Cd, 57.00±0.0001 mg/g Zn, 119.5±0.0016 mg/g Fe, 5.75±0.000025 mg/g Mn, Pb was not detected. The concentration of Fe and Mn were found to be high in kidney sample than the liver sample.
Conclusion: The evidence from this study revealed the safety of these investigated offal meats as the concentration of these metals in the kidney and liver sample were within the maximum permissible limit according to the European Commission (EC) and FAO/WHO standards.
Effect of Land Use on Soil Quality in Afaka Forest Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria
Authors: Haruna H. 
Published: August 2019

Land use changes from forest into cultivated ecosystems result in negative impact on soil structure and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine effect of land use on soil quality in Afaka forest northern guinea savannah of Nigeria. Land use systems, including natural forest and cultivated land were identified. Eighteen (18) composite disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from depth of 0-5 and 5-10 cm for analysis of pertinent soil properties in the laboratory using grid procedure. Most physical and chemical properties show relative variations in response to land use types and geomorphic positions. Results indicate that the soils had high degree of weathering potentials, low to moderate bulk density at 0-5cm depth values between 1.42 to 1.49 Mg m-3 in forest and cultivated land, bulk density of 1.34 and 1.46 1.Mg m-3at 5 -1ocm depth for forest and cultivated land respectively. The soil water at 0-5cm depth is from 4.20 to 2.63 cm3/cm3, while at 5-10 cm depth these values vary from 4.32 to 2.13 cm3/cm3 under forest and cultivation land use. The pH (H2O) is 6.9 to 7.16 with low electrical conductivity of 0.13 dS/m(forest) and 0.12 dS/m (cultivation). The CEC of soils is recorded as 8.60 cmol kg-1 (forest) to 8.54 cmol kg-1 (cultivated)whereas total nitrogen content of 1.21 g kg-1 and 1.11 g kg-1 and available phosphorus of 8.78 mg kg-1 (cultivated) and 5.47 mg kg-1 (forest).. Results indicate that soil fertility parameters were moderate to low for cultivated land and at all slope positions, suggesting that soil fertility management is required in order to make agriculture sustainable on Afaka area.
Prevalence of Gram Negative Infections by Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas Severely Resistant to Antibiotic Susceptibility Based on Minimum Growth Inhibitor Concentration
Authors: Defaee Sahar , Farasatinasab Maryam , Makani Mahin Jamshidi , Rahimipour Hooman , Alinia Pouyan , Defaee Sara 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Currently, we are witnessing the formation of various species of gram-negative microorganisms, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter, resistant to antibiotics such as MDR, XDR and PDR. This study is important to confirm microbial resistance to an antimicrobial agent and also to monitor the activity of new antimicrobial agents. Regarding XDR gram-negative microorganisms isolated from samples, it was considered necessary to determine MIC.
Methods: Patients suspected of various infections with septicemia diagnosed in different wards of the Firoozgar Hospital were enrolled. The quantitative value of minimum growth inhibitor concentration (MIC) was determined for infections caused by highly resistant gram-negative bacteria (acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species) (XDR) reported by antibiogram disk.
Results: sample size was 117, of which 41.9% were female and 58.1% were male. Regarding Colistin, 80% of the cultures were resistant and 12% were intermittent; this value was 52% in the MIC test. Regarding tigecycline, 100% of the acinetobacter samples were susceptible to this antibiotic. Most of cultures which had antibiotic resistance were acinetobacter (61.4%) and pseudomonas (39.6%).
Discussion: Acinetobacter baumannii is susceptible to tigecycline. Emergence of multi-drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and A. baumannii is a major concern in the world, because several drugs, except polymyxins, are available to treat these infections. A significant resistance was found in MIC to Colistin (31.1%). Thus, there is resistance to Colistin, which is one of the last lines of antibiotic treatment.
Conclusion: This study shows an increase in percentage resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics. This trend is a worrying process for antibiotic treatment of diseases.
Oral mobility reflects rate of progression in advanced Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Borel Stéphanie , Gatignol Peggy , Smail Mustapha , Monin Marie‐Lorraine , Ewenczyk Claire , Bouccara Didier , Durr Alexandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur objective was to identify a sensitive marker of disease progression in Friedreich’s ataxia. We prospectively evaluated speech, voice, and oromotor function in 40 patients at two timepoints. The mean disease duration was 20.8 ± 9.8 years and mean SARA score 23.7 ± 8.6 at baseline. Oral motor mobility, assessed by a combination of movements of the face, eyes, cheeks, lips, and tongue, decreased significantly after 1 year (P < 0.0001). The standardized response mean over 12 months was considered as large for oral mobility (1.26) but small for SARA (0.12). Oral mobility could therefore be a sensitive marker in therapeutic trials.
Global Photocurrent Generation in Phototransistors Based on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes toward Highly Sensitive Infrared Detection
Authors: Fang Hehai , Wu Peisong , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhe , Tang Yicheng , Ho Johnny C. , Chen Gang , Wang Yueming , Shan Chongxin , Cheng Xinbin , Zhang Jin , Hu Weida 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBecause of their cost‐effective synthesis and appropriate bandgap opening by various mechanisms, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit significant promise for highly efficient near‐infrared photodetection. In this work, the first investigation of manipulating the electrode contact and exciton effect is performed on photocurrent generation of SWCNT transistors by separately depositing Cr or Pd as symmetric source/drain electrodes. Two different photoconducting behaviors of the devices, namely localized and global photocurrent generations, are then observed, where these effects are attributed to thermally assisted tunneling at the 1D‐SWCNTs/3D‐metal contact. A phototransistor with global photocurrent generation is demonstrated having a typical photoconductive effect with a responsivity of 2 A W−1 at λ = 785 nm and a fast rise (decay) time of ≈7.35 µs (11.8 µs). However, the corresponding optical response at 2000 nm is still weak due to low incident photon energy and large exciton binding energy. By further spin coating PbS quantum dots onto the SWCNTs channel, the optical response can be greatly enhanced for 2000 nm irradiation. All these results can not only illustrate the photoresponse of SWCNTs but also indicate that photogating plays a crucial role in these devices, providing valuable insights for the performance enhancement.
Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: Evidence from 27 sites in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Brewis Alexandra , Workman Cassandra , Wutich Amber , Jepson Wendy , Young Sera ,   Household Water Insecurity Experiences – Research Coordination Network (HWISE‐RCN)
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesFood and water insecurity have both been demonstrated as acute and chronic stressors and undermine human health and development. A basic untested proposition is that they chronically coexist, and that household water insecurity is a fundamental driver of household food insecurity.MethodsWe provide a preliminary assessment of their association using cross‐sectional data from 27 sites with highly diverse forms of water insecurity in 21 low‐ and middle‐income countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas (N = 6691 households). Household food insecurity and its subdomains (food quantity, food quality, and anxiety around food) were estimated using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale; water insecurity and subdomains (quantity, quality, and opportunity costs) were estimated based on similar self‐reported data.ResultsIn multilevel generalized linear mixed‐effect modeling (GLMM), composite water insecurity scores were associated with higher scores for all subdomains of food insecurity. Rural households were better buffered against water insecurity effects on food quantity and urban ones for food quality. Similarly, higher scores for all subdomains of water insecurity were associated with greater household food insecurity.ConclusionsConsidering the diversity of sites included in the modeling, the patterning supports a basic theory: household water insecurity chronically coexists with household food insecurity. Water insecurity is a more plausible driver of food insecurity than the converse. These findings directly challenge development practices in which household food security interventions are often enacted discretely from water security ones.
Pressure‐Induced Emission (PIE) and Phase Transition of a Two‐dimensional Halide Double Perovskite (BA)4AgBiBr8 (BA=CH3(CH2)3NH3+)
Authors: Fang Yuanyuan , Zhang Long , Wu Lianwei , Yan Jiejuan , Lin Yu , Wang Kai , Mao Wendy L. , Zou Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have attracted significant attention due to their compositional flexibility and electronic diversity. Understanding the structure–property relationships in 2D double perovskites is essential for their development for optoelectronic applications. In this work, we observed the emergence of pressure‐induced emission (PIE) at 2.5 GPa with a broad emission band and large Stokes shift from initially nonfluorescent (BA)4AgBiBr8 (BA=CH3(CH2)3NH3+). The emission intensity increased significantly upon further compression up to 8.2 GPa. Moreover, the band gap narrowed from the starting 2.61 eV to 2.19 eV at 25.0 GPa accompanied by a color change from light yellow to dark yellow. Analysis of combined in situ high‐pressure photoluminescence, absorption, and angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction data indicates that the observed PIE can be attributed to the emission from self‐trapped excitons. This coincides with [AgBr6]5− and [BiBr6]3− inter‐octahedral tilting which cause a structural phase transition. High‐pressure study on (BA)4AgBiBr8 sheds light on the relationship between the structure and optical properties that may improve the material's potential applications in the fields of pressure sensing, information storage and trademark security.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Transfer Hydromethallylation for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Walker Johannes C. L. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe design and gram‐scale synthesis of a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐based surrogate of isobutene gas is reported. Using the highly electron‐deficient Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, application of this surrogate in the hydromethallylation of electron‐rich styrene derivatives provided sterically congested quaternary carbon centers. The reaction proceeds by C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation at a tertiary carbenium ion that is generated by alkene protonation. The possibility of two concurrent mechanisms is proposed on the basis of mechanistic experiments using a deuterated surrogate.
Modulating the Electronic Structure of Porous Nanocubes Derived from Trimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Lu Mengting , Yang Xigaogang , Li Yuwen , Zhu Zhenwang , Wu Yuhang , Xu Hui , Gao Junkuo , Yao Juming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe preparation of noble metal‐free catalysts for water splitting is the key to low‐cost, sustainable hydrogen generation. Herein, through a pyrolysis‐oxidation process, we prepared a series of Co‐Fe‐Ni trimetallic oxidized carbon nanocubes (Co1‐XFeXNi‐OCNC) with a continuously changeable Co/Fe ratio (X=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9, 1). The Co1‐XFeXNi‐OCNC shows a volcano‐type oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The optimized Co0.1Fe0.9Ni‐OCNC achieves a low overpotential of 268 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a very low Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1 in 1 m KOH. At the same time, the stability of the Co0.1Fe0.9Ni‐OCNC is also outstanding; after 1000 CV cycles, the LSV plot is almost coincident. Moreover, the potential remains almost of the same value at 10 mA cm−2 after 12 h in comparison to the initial value. The excellent electrocatalytic properties can be attributed to the synergistic cooperation between each component. Therefore, the Co0.1Fe0.9Ni‐OCNC is a promising candidate instead of precious metal‐based electrocatalysts for OER.