bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of Synthetic Phospholipids in Blood Coagulation
Authors: Daemen F. J. M , van Arkel C , Hart H Ch. , van der Drift C , van Deenen L. L. M 
Published: July 2018

Summary1. An investigation was made into the activity of synthetic phospholipids on blood coagulation in vitro, utilizing synthetic substances including phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine containing a poly-unsaturated fatty acid constituent.2. Applying a one-stage recalcification test, phosphatidyl serine was found to act at high concentrations as anticoagulant. No clot-promoting activity was observed after addition of individual phospholipids. However, several combinations of phospholipids, e.g. phosphatidyl ethanolamine with phosphatidyl serine or certain mixtures of lecithin with phosphatidylserine, shortened the clotting time.3. In the thromboplastin generation test phosphatidyl ethanolamine exhibited some acceleratory activity without being able, however, to replace crude brain cephalin completely. However, optimal coagulant activity was produced by mixtures of synthetic phospholipids viz, phosphatidyl ethanolamine with phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidic acid or (isolated) cardiolipin and by certain combinations of lecithin and phosphatidyl serine.4. In both assay systems the maximum activity of each phospholipid combination was found to be related within certain limits to the ratio of both compounds. It is concluded that the coagulant activity of phospholipids in vitro is not to be attributed to a certain type of phospholipid or a defined mixture. The results obtained with the synthetic compounds appear to support the view that a particular negative surface charge of the phospholipid micelles is a prerequisite for maximal clot-promoting activity of phospholipids.
The Influence of Saturated Fats, Cholesterol, Corn Oil and Linseed Oil on Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rats
Authors: Nordøy Arne 
Published: July 2018

Summary1. The effect of different fat diets on the incidence of thrombus formation has been examined in rats using a standardized damage of the jugular vein.2. An increased incidence of thrombosis was observed in animals given a diet containing 10% hydrogenated coconut fat and 1 per cent cholesterol as the only fat ingredients. The addition of corn oil to the diet did not influence the hyperthrombotic state whereas addition of linseed oil significantly reduced the incidence of thrombosis.3. An accelerated recalcification time, cephalin time and thromboplastin time, as well as an increase in the levels of fibrinogen, factor V, VII and VIII was observed in animals on the saturated fat diet. This hypercoagulable condition was not influenced by addition either of corn oil or of linseed oil to the diet.4. A moderate hyperlipemia was present in the animals on a saturated fat and cholesterol diet. This was reduced but not normalized when corn oil or linseed oil was added to the diet.5. The present study indicates a correlation between a hyperthrombotic, a hypercoagulable and a hyperlipemic condition. However, the antithrombotic effect of linseed oil can neither be correlated with changes in the coagulation mechanism nor with changes in the main blood lipid fractions.
Zur Deutung der Modellretraktion von Fibringerinnseln durch Janusgrün B
Authors: Kuhnke E , Brilla G 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Janusgrün B-Gerinnseln wurde die Einwirkungsweise des Farbstoffes auf Fibrinfibrillen geprüft. Es zeigte sich, daß eine von der Oberfläche her einsetzende Anlösung der Fibrillen mit einer starken Steigerung der Verklebungsbereitschaft und darauf folgend eine retraktionsartige Volumenverkleinerung auftritt. Dieser Befund stimmt mit unseren Annahmen vom Mechanismus der Retraktion als einer Fibrillenaggregation überein.
Fibrinolytic and Esterolytic Activity of Human Plasma
Authors: Adamis D. M , Maniatis G. M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic and esterolytic activity of the plasma before and after activation with Streptokinase is studied. The inhibitors of plasmin are neutralized by the acidification of the plasma or by the acetone treatment. The inhibitors of the “trypsin like enzymes” are neutralized only by acetone. The hydrolysis of the BAEE by the acetone treated and activated plasma seems to be a satisfactory method for the simultaneous determination of the total (plasmin-plasminogen) activity and the total activity of the (trypsin like enzymes) with arginine exopeptidase activity.
Preventing or Eradicating Factor VIII Antibody Formation in Patients with Hemophilia A: What Can We Learn from Other Disorders?
Authors: Hassan Shermarke , Fijnvandraat Karin , van der Bom Johanna , Gouw Samantha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEradication of factor VIII (FVIII) specific neutralizing antibodies (also known as inhibitors) by the traditional method of immune tolerance induction (ITI) is costly and unsuccessful in one out of three patients. Furthermore, effective inhibitor prevention strategies are presently lacking. An overview is given in this narrative review of antidrug antibody prevention or eradication strategies that have been used in disorders beyond hemophilia A, with the aim of analyzing what we can learn from these strategies for hemophilia A. Prevention of antidrug antibody formation using rituximab, methotrexate, and intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with Pompe's disease seems effective but carries a high risk of adverse events. Based on studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, it seems likely that treatment with methotrexate alone would also be able to prevent inhibitor formation in hemophilia A patients. Besides side effects, it is unclear whether immune tolerance to FVIII would persist after cessation of immunomodulatory therapy with methotrexate. A combination of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, used to treat antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia, could be further investigated to eradicate inhibitors in hemophilia A patients who are refractory to ITI. In summary, insights gained from research on antidrug antibody formation in other diseases could be helpful in devising alternative treatment strategies for inhibitor development.
Between verb and noun
Authors: Schwarz Anne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article describes nonverbal predication in Ecuadorian Secoya, an underdescribed West Tukanoan language. The repertoire includes a particle copula with restricted verbal features, a locative-existential copula verb which fulfills an auxiliary function with verbal and nonverbal predicates, and two derived nominals with special possessive semantics. The latter occur in insubordinate copula constructions or are supported by copula verbs in auxiliary function. Other copula constructions draw on subordination patterns with dependent verbs and nominalizations as well.
On rational Eisenstein primes and the rational cuspidal groups of modular Jacobian varieties
Authors: Yoo Hwajong 
Published: July 2018

Let

N
N

be a non-squarefree positive integer and let

ℓ
\ell

be an odd prime such that

ℓ
2

\ell ^2

does not divide

N
N

. Consider the Hecke ring

T

(
N
)

\mathbb {T}(N)

of weight

2
2

for

Γ
0

(
N
)

\Gamma _0(N)

and its rational Eisenstein primes of

T

(
N
)

\mathbb {T}(N)

containing

ℓ
\ell

. If

m

\mathfrak {m}

is such a rational Eisenstein prime, then we prove that

m

\mathfrak {m}

is of the form

(
ℓ
,

I

M
,
N

D

)

(\ell , ~\mathcal {I}^D_{M, N})

, where we also define the ideal

I

M
,
N

D

\mathcal {I}^D_{M, N}

of

T

(
N
)

\mathbb {T}(N)

. Furthermore, we prove that

C

(
N
)
[

m

]
≠
0

\mathcal {C}(N)[\mathfrak {m}] \neq 0

, where

C

(
N
)

\mathcal {C}(N)

is the rational cuspidal group of

J
0

(
N
)

J_0(N)

. To do this, we compute the precise order of the cuspidal divisor

C

M
,
N

D

\mathcal {C}^D_{M, N}

and the index of

I

M
,
N

D

\mathcal {I}^D_{M, N}

in

T

(
N
)
⊗

Z

ℓ

\mathbb {T}(N)\otimes \mathbb {Z}_\ell

.
The flux distribution of individual blazars as a key to understand the dynamics of particle acceleration
Authors: Sinha Atreyee , Khatoon Rukaiya , Misra Ranjeev , Sahayanathan Sunder , Mandal Soma , Gogoi Rupjyoti , Bhatt Nilay 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The observed lognormal flux distributions in the high-energy emission from blazars have been interpreted as being due to variability stemming from non-linear multiplicative processes generated dynamically from the accretion disc. On the other hand, rapid minute scale variations in the flux point to a compact emitting region inside the jet, probably disconnected from the disc. In this work, we show that linear Gaussian variations of the intrinsic particle acceleration or escape time-scales can produce distinct non-Gaussian flux distributions, including lognormal ones. Moreover, the spectral index distributions can provide confirming evidence for the origin of the variability. Thus, modelling of the flux and index distributions can lead to quantitative identification of the micro-physical origin of the variability in these sources. As an example, we model the X-ray flux and index distribution of Mkn 421 obtained from ∼9 yr of MAXI observations and show that the variability in the X-ray emission is driven by Gaussian fluctuations of the particle acceleration process rather than that of the escape rate.
Home Price Expectations and Behaviour: Evidence from a Randomized Information Experiment
Authors: Armona Luis , Fuster Andreas , Zafar Basit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHome price expectations are believed to play an important role in housing dynamics, yet we have limited understanding of how they are formed and how they affect behaviour. Using a unique “information experiment” embedded in an online survey, this article investigates how consumers’ home price expectations respond to past home price growth, and how they impact investment decisions. After eliciting respondents’ priors about past and future local home price changes, we present a random subset of them with factual information about past (one- or five-year) changes, and then re-elicit expectations. This unique “panel” data allows us to identify causal effects of the information, and provides insights on the expectation formation process. We find that, on average, year-ahead home price expectations are revised in a way consistent with short-term momentum in home price growth, though respondents tend to underpredict the strength of momentum. Revisions of longer-term expectations show that respondents do not expect the empirically-occurring mean reversion in home price growth. These patterns are in line with recent behavioural models of housing cycles. Finally, we show that home price expectations causally affect investment decisions in a portfolio choice experiment embedded in the survey.
The effects of group size and subtherapeutic antibiotic alternatives on growth performance and morbidity of nursery pigs: a model for feed additive evaluation1
Authors: Olsen Kristin M , Gabler Nicholas K , Rademacher Chris J , Schwartz Kent J , Schweer Wesley P , Gourley Gene G , Patience John F 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), two group sizes, and their interaction on nursery pig performance to serve as a model for future AGP alternative studies. A 41-d experiment was conducted in a commercial wean-to-finish barn; 1,300 piglets weaned at 21 d of age (weaned 2 or 4 d prior to experiment; 6.14 ± 0.18 kg BW; PIC 1050 sows and multiple sire lines) were blocked by sire, sex, and weaning date, then assigned to eight treatments: four dietary treatments each evaluated across two group sizes. The four dietary treatments were: negative control (NC), positive control (PC; NC + in-feed antibiotics), zinc oxide plus a dietary acidifier (blend of fumaric, citric, lactic, and phosphoric acid) (ZA; NC + ZnO + acid), and a Bacillus-based direct-fed-microbial (DFM) plus resistant potato starch (RS) (DR; NC + DFM + RS). The two group sizes were 31 or 11 pigs/pen; floor space was modified so area/pig was equal between the group sizes (0.42 m2/pig). There were 7 pens/diet with 11 pigs/pen and 8 pens/diet with 31 pigs/pen. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. Diagnostic assessment of oral fluids, serum, and tissue samples was used to characterize health status. Pigs experienced natural challenges of acute diarrhea and septicemia in week 1 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in weeks 4–6. There was a significant interaction between diet and group size for ADG (P = 0.012). PC increased ADG in large and small groups (P &lt; 0.05) and ZA increased ADG only in large groups (P &lt; 0.05). Small groups had improved ADG compared to large groups when fed NC or DR diets (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, PC increased ADFI (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to NC, ZA improved ADFI in large groups only (P &lt; 0.05; diet × group size: P = 0.015). Pigs fed PC had greater G:F than NC (P &lt; 0.05), and small groups had greater G:F than large groups (P &lt; 0.05). There was no effect of ZA or DR on G:F. Pigs fed PC required fewer individual medical treatments than NC and pigs fed ZA were intermediate (P = 0.024). More pigs were removed from large than small groups (P = 0.049), and there was no effect of diet on removals (P &gt; 0.10). In conclusion, careful study design, protocol implementation, sample collection, and recording of important information allowed us to characterize the health status of this group of pigs and determine treatment effects on growth performance and morbidity.
Readmission Rates After Same-Day Discharge Compared With Postoperative Day 1 Discharge After Benign Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: Sheyn David , El-Nashar Sherif , Billow Megan , Mahajan Sangeeta , Duarte Mary , Pollard Robert 
Published: July 2018

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018;25(3):484–490)
Minimally invasive approaches to hysterectomy are associated with a number of benefits compared with abdominal hysterectomy. These include decreased infectious morbidity, a shorter recovery time, and reductions in hospital stays.
Caffeine Accelerates Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Humans
Authors: Fong Robert , Wang Lingzhi , Zacny James P. , Khokhar Suhail , Apfelbaum Jeffrey L. , Fox Aaron P. , Xie Zheng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
There are currently no drugs clinically available to reverse general anesthesia. We previously reported that caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from anesthesia in rodents. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that caffeine accelerates emergence from anesthesia in humans.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind crossover study with eight healthy males. Each subject was anesthetized twice with 1.2% isoflurane for 1 h. During the final 10 min of each session, participants received an IV infusion of either caffeine citrate (15 mg/kg, equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg of caffeine base) or saline placebo. The primary outcome was the average difference in time to emergence after isoflurane discontinuation between caffeine and saline sessions. Secondary outcomes included the end-tidal isoflurane concentration at emergence, vital signs, and Bispectral Index values measured throughout anesthesia and emergence. Additional endpoints related to data gathered from postanesthesia psychomotor testing.

Results
All randomized participants were included in the analysis. The mean time to emergence with saline was 16.5 ± 3.9 (SD) min compared to 9.6 ± 5.1 (SD) min with caffeine (P = 0.002), a difference of 6.9 min (99% CI, 1.8 to 12), a 42% reduction. Participants emerged at a higher expired isoflurane concentration, manifested more rapid return to baseline Bispectral Index values, and were able to participate in psychomotor testing sooner when receiving caffeine. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs with caffeine administration and caffeine-related adverse events.

Conclusions
Intravenous caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in healthy males without any apparent adverse effects.
A Prospective Study on the Incidence and Outcomes of Neonatal Thrombocytopenia at a Tertiary Care Facility in Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Eltawel Mohamed , AlHarbi Talal , AlJamaan Khaled , Alsaif Saif , Ali Yosra , Salam Mahmoud 
Published: July 2018

Background:The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia is low, yet highly dependent on the populations studied.Purpose:To assess the incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia and identify factors associated with its outcomes, namely time to disease onset, recovery duration, and platelet count.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted between May and October 2013 at a large tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia. Neonates with a platelet count of fewer than 150,000/μL of blood were followed up until their recovery or death.Results:The period incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 84/4379 (1.9%). The mortality rate associated with the condition was 68/100,000 births. The male-female ratio of neonates with thrombocytopenia was 2.4:1. The mean (standard deviation) time to disease onset was 1.83 (1.29) days, whereas that of recovery duration was 15.35 (18.46) days. The mean (standard deviation) platelet count at onset was 109,543 (32,826)/μL of blood, whereas that of the increase in platelet count from onset to recovery was 121,876 (78,218)/μL of blood. Treatment comprised monitoring/spontaneous recovery (n = 52, 64.2%) or platelet transfusion (n = 9, 11.1%), immunoglobulins (n = 8, 9.9%), or a combination of both (n = 12, 14.8%). Neonates with a higher gestational age (β = 8061,t= 2.456) and late disease onset (β = 26,178,t= 3.969) were more likely to have a larger increase in platelet count from onset to recovery than those with a lower gestational age (adjustedP= .017) and earlier disease onset (adjustedP< .001).Implications:The high incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in this Middle Eastern setting indicates that it may be dependent on the population studied. Special attention should be focused on neonates of lower gestational ages and with an early disease onset, because their platelet count recovery may be slower than that of the countergroup.
The association between organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate in a network of primary care practices
Authors: Kumra Tina , Hsu Yea-Jen , Cheng Tina L. , Marsteller Jill A. , McGuire Maura , Cooper Lisa A. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
A health system's commitment to delivering culturally competent care is essential in creating a culture of respect for patients, clinicians, and administrative staff. As the diversity of the health care workforce grows, gaining an understanding of the perspectives among different health care personnel and the value that they place on organizational cultural competence is a first step in developing more effective team environments.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to determine whether an association exists between perceptions of organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate among employees in a health system.

Methodology/Approach:
One thousand eighty employees in a primary care network consisting of 49 ambulatory practices were surveyed on their perceptions of senior management's efforts in organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate in their own work setting using 5-point Likert scales. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate.

Results:
The overall organizational response rate for the survey was 84%. Higher perception of organizational cultural competence was associated with better teamwork climate (coef. = 0.4, p <0.001) after adjusting for gender, age, years in specialty, race, and position type. The association was stronger in magnitude for support staff compared to administrators and clinicians and stronger for younger compared to older age groups.

Conclusions:
Higher employee perceptions of organizational cultural competence are associated with better self-reported teamwork climate, and this relationship is magnified for support staff and younger employees.

Practice Implications:
Senior leaders of health systems should consider investment in cultural competence as a contributor toward team effectiveness. Specifically, organizations may help support cultural competence by committing resources to the following: developing a comprehensive plan that addresses patients' cultural needs, recruiting and retaining a diverse staff and leadership, collaborating with the community, recognizing and rewarding care that meets patients' cultural needs, and providing adequate diversity training.
Total Ambient Dose Equivalent Buildup Factors for Portland Concrete
Authors: Duckic Paulina , Hayes Robert Bruce 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this work, total ambient dose equivalent buildup factors for Portland concrete slabs are calculated using Monte Carlo n-particle software MCNP6™. Buildup factor calculations could approach intractable solutions in general as they depend on a large number of variables. These include geometry, source energy, and the composition of the shield (which itself can be heterogeneous). In this work, 252Cf and americium-beryllium sources are considered, as well as monoenergetic incident neutrons in the energy range from 0.025 eV to 14 MeV at multiple incident angles. The shielding material of interest was taken to be standard Portland concrete. The transmitted neutron and gamma-ray ambient dose rate was calculated first and then used for total buildup factor calculations. Perhaps more telling than the calculated theoretical buildup factor, the credible dispersion in expected resultant buildup factors was also calculated by conducting a very rudimentary sensitivity analysis, varying the water content in the first case and then varying the amount of aggregate. An additional aim of this work is to provide a model based on the machine-learning technique called the support vector regression method in the calculation of concrete buildup factors.
Compliance With Radiation Protection Practices Among Radiologists
Authors: Abdelrahman Mostafa A. , Abu Alfwares Ahmad , Alewaidat Haytham , Alhasan Mustafa , Rawashdeh Mohammad A. , Al Mousa Dana S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background: Radiologists are at higher risk of adverse health effects due to their occupational radiation exposure; therefore, applying protection techniques is imperative. Studies on radiologists’ compliance in this regard are scarce. We aimed to assess compliance with radiation safety practices among radiologists.

Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to radiologists in tertiary hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to assess compliance in three domains: using personal protective devices, using exposure-reduction techniques during fluoroscopic exposures, and using personal dose-monitoring devices. Descriptive analysis of the compliance was performed.

Results: Sixty-two radiologists were included in the analysis. Use of leaded aprons and thyroid shields was commonplace, whereas only 3.2% ever use leaded eyeglasses. About half of the radiologists always considered reducing the time of exposure and avoided exposure by the primary beam, and the other half did that sometimes. Most of the radiologists (66.1%) always complied with reducing the number of unnecessary exposures, and the rest only complied sometimes. Most of the radiologists (93.5%) always used single personal dose-monitoring devices, most commonly at the neck level over the collar. There was no difference in compliance between different sexes, position descriptions, hospital types, hospital sizes, or years of experience.

Conclusion: Future compliance improvement strategies for radiologists should focus on use of thyroid shields and leaded eyeglasses and use of exposure-reduction techniques during fluoroscopic operations.