bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folliculitis decalvans is characterized by a persistent, abnormal subepidermal microbiota
Authors: Matard Bruno , Donay Jean Luc , Resche‐Rigon Matthieu , Tristan Anne , Farhi David , Rousseau Clotilde , Mercier‐Delarue Severine , Cavelier–Balloy Bénédicte , Assouly Philippe , Petit Antoine , Bagot Martine , Reygagne Pascal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFolliculitis decalvans (FD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Although Staphylococcus aureus, frequently found on lesional skin, is thought to play a causal role, the importance of its involvement remains controversial. To examine the role of S aureus, we compared superficial and subepidermal microbiota in 20 FD patients who had S aureus on lesional skin and in 20 healthy controls using culture techniques and genomic identification, before and after an anti‐staphylococcal treatment; we also screened for S aureus virulence factors. When present on lesional skin, S aureus colonized non‐lesional and subepidermal skin in 80% of cases. These data imply a break in the epidermal barrier integrity and that an abnormal non‐lesional skin microbiota persists in FD. S aureus had no superantigenic toxin in 31% of cases and no toxin specificity. Clinical improvement obtained in most cases upon treatment was associated with the disappearance of S aureus in all studied areas, with an incomplete restoration of normal microbiota and a significant increase in negative bacterial samples. This persistent unbalanced, subepidermal microbiota may act as a reservoir of abnormal flora and explain the chronicity of FD, suggesting new avenues of research to restore normal microbiota.
Efficacy of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant to inhibit Trichophyton rubrum in vitro and in a mice model of dermatophytosis
Authors: Sen Suparna , Borah Siddhartha Narayan , Kandimalla Raghuram , Bora Arijit , Deka Suresh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDermatophytic infections caused by Trichophyton rubrum are the most prevalent superficial mycoses worldwide. The present study was aimed at evaluating the anti‐dermatophytic effect of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (RL) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SS14 (GenBank Accession no. KC866140) against T. rubrum in experimentally induced dermatophytosis in mice models. The purified RL could effectively suppress spore germination and hyphal proliferation of T. rubrum at 500 μg/mL. Ultramicroscopic observations involving SEM and AFM studies revealed severely altered hyphal morphology in the RL‐treated mycelia. The membrane disruptive effect of RL was measured by the uptake of propidium iodide (PI) as visualized by CLSM. The absorbance of the RL‐treated cell suspension at 260 nm showed concentration‐dependant exudation of nucleic acid due to loss of cell membrane integrity. On evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of RL on experimentally induced cutaneous dermatophytosis in mice models, we observed that the RL, when applied topically at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, was effective in completely curing dermatophytosis at the end of 21‐day treatment period. The results were statistically similar to those obtained using the standard drug terbinafine as control. Apart from macroscopic observation, the results were confirmed by culture of skin scrapings and histopathological examination. The results are suggestive of the effectiveness of RL in control of dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum.
Structure and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus lipase B with a unique, oversized regulatory subdomain
Authors: Huang Weiqian , Lan Dongming , Popowicz Grzegorz M. , Zak Krzysztof M. , Zhao Zexin , Yuan Hong , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua 
Published: March 2019

Fungal lipases are efficient and environment‐friendly biocatalysts for many industrially relevant processes. One of the most widely applied lipases in the manufacturing industry is Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of a novel CALB‐like lipase from an important human pathogen—Aspergillus fumigatus (AFLB), which has high sn‐1,3‐specificity toward triolein. AFLB crystal structure displays a CALB‐like catalytic domain and hosts a unique tightly closed ‘lid’ domain that contains a disulfide bridge, as well as an extra N‐terminal subdomain composed of residues 1–128 (including the helix α1–α5 located above the active site). To gain insight into the function of this novel lid and N‐terminal subdomain, we constructed and characterized a series of mutants in these two domains. Deleting the protruding bulk lid's residues, replacing the bulk and tight lid with a small and loose lid from CALB, or breaking the disulfide bridge increased the affinity of CALB for glyceride substrates and improved its catalytic activity, along with the loss of enzyme fold stability and thermostability. N‐terminal truncation mutants revealed that the N‐terminal peptide (residues 1–59) is a strong inhibitor of AFLB binding to lipid films. This peptide thus limits AFLB's penetration power and specific activity, revealing a unique enzyme activity regulatory mechanism. Our findings on the functional and structural properties of AFLB provide a better understanding of the functions of the CALB‐like lipases and pave the way for its future protein engineering.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6IDY.
Plasticity in elk migration timing is a response to changing environmental conditions
Authors: Rickbeil Gregory J. M. , Merkle Jerod A. , Anderson Greg , Atwood M. Paul , Beckmann Jon P. , Cole Eric K. , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Dewey Sarah , Gustine David D. , Kauffman Matthew J. , McWhirter Douglas E. , Mong Tony , Proffitt Kelly , White Patrick J. , Middleton Arthur D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMigration is an effective behavioral strategy for prolonging access to seasonal resources and may be a resilient strategy for ungulates experiencing changing climatic conditions. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), elk are the primary ungulate, with approximately 20,000 individuals migrating to exploit seasonal gradients in forage while also avoiding energetically costly snow conditions. How climate‐induced changes in plant phenology and snow accumulation are influencing elk migration timing is unknown. We present the most complete record of elk migration across the GYE, spanning 9 herds and 414 individuals from 2001 to 2017, to evaluate the drivers of migration timing and test for temporal shifts. The timing of elk departure from winter range involved a trade‐off between current and anticipated forage conditions, while snow melt governed summer range arrival date. Timing of elk departure from summer range and arrival on winter range were both influenced by snow accumulation and exposure to hunting. At the GYE scale, spring and fall migration timing changed through time, most notably with winter range arrival dates becoming almost 50 days later since 2001. Predicted herd‐level changes in migration timing largely agreed with observed GYE‐wide changes—except for predicted winter range arrival dates which did not reflect the magnitude of change detected in the elk telemetry data. Snow melt, snow accumulation, and spring green‐up dates all changed through time, with different herds experiencing different rates and directions of change. We conclude that elk migration is plastic, is a direct response to environmental cues, and that these environmental cues are not changing in a consistent manner across the GYE. The impacts of changing elk migration timing on predator–prey dynamics, carnivore–livestock conflict, disease ecology, and harvest management across the GYE are likely to be significant and complex.
Evaluating Subsurface Parameterization to Simulate Hyporheic Exchange: The Steinlach River Test Site
Authors: Chow Reynold , Bennett Jeremy , Dugge Jürnjakob , Wöhling Thomas , Nowak Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHyporheic exchange is the interaction of river water and groundwater, and is difficult to predict. One of the largest contributions to predictive uncertainty for hyporheic exchange has been attributed to the representation of heterogeneous subsurface properties. Our study evaluates the trade‐offs between intrinsic (irreducible) and epistemic (reducible) model errors when choosing between homogeneous and highly complex subsurface parameter structures. We modeled the Steinlach River Test Site in Southwest Germany using a fully coupled surface water‐groundwater model to simulate hyporheic exchange and to assess the predictive errors and uncertainties of transit time distributions. A highly parameterized model was built, treated as a “virtual reality” and used as a reference. We found that if the parameter structure is too simple, it will be limited by intrinsic model errors. By increasing subsurface complexity through the addition of zones or heterogeneity, we can begin to exchange intrinsic for epistemic errors. Thus, the appropriate level of detail to represent the subsurface depends on the acceptable range of intrinsic structural errors for the given modeling objectives and the available site data. We found that a zonated model is capable of reproducing the transit time distributions of a more detailed model, but only if the geological structures are known. An interpolated heterogeneous parameter field (cf. pilot points) showed the best trade‐offs between the two errors, indicating fitness for practical applications. Parameter fields generated by multiple‐point geostatistics (MPS) produce transit time distributions with the largest uncertainties, however, these are reducible by additional hydrogeological data, particularly flux measurements.
Intraprocedural computed tomography/magnetic resonance–contrast‐enhanced ultrasound fusion imaging improved thermal ablation effect of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison with conventional ultrasound
Authors: Ma Qiu‐Ping , Xu Er‐Jiao , Zeng Qing‐Jing , Su Zhong‐Zhen , Tan Lei , Chen Jia‐Xin , Zheng Rong‐Qin , Li Kai 
Published: March 2019

AimTo retrospectively compare the treatment effect of intraprocedural computed tomography/magnetic resonance–contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CT/MR‐CEUS) fusion imaging (FI) with that of conventional ultrasound (US) in the guidance and assessment of thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe FI group (112 patients with 129 HCC) was treated between April 2010 and December 2012, whereas the US group (83 patients with 90 HCC) was treated between January 2008 and March 2010. Either CT/MR‐CEUS FI or US was used to guide puncture, provide immediate assessment, and guide supplementary ablation. Technical efficacy, cumulative local tumor progression rate (LTP), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated and compared during follow‐up. Technical success rate of CT/MR‐CEUS FI was also recorded.ResultsTechnical efficacy was significantly higher in the FI group than in the US group (100% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.001). The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐year cumulative LTP rates in the FI group were significantly lower than in the US group (3.8%, 4.9%, 6.0%, 6.0%, 7.2%, and 7.2% vs. 16.9%, 20.1%, 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25%, respectively; P < 0.001); RFS and OS were significantly higher in the FI group than in the US group (P = 0.027 and P = 0.049, respectively). The technical success rate of FI was 85.3%.ConclusionsIntraprocedural CT/MR‐CEUS FI improved the treatment effect of thermal ablation of HCC by immediately assessing treatment response and guiding supplementary ablation relative to those resulting from the use of conventional US.
VLFBERHT swords: Origin, material, and manufacture
Authors: Petri Ingo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVLFBERHT or ULFBERHT is the most frequent inscription on Viking Age sword blades. The majority of these swords have been found in Scandinavia, much less in the Frankish Empire so that it might seem that they have been produced in Scandinavia. But this is most probably a result of different burial customs. The blades were most probably produced in the Frankish Empire and came to Scandinavia as loot or ransom. The signature has been interpreted as the name of the sword smith. But recently, it has been shown that the person behind this name rather was an overseer over the sword production who had position in ecclesiastical or monastic hierarchy. The reverse side of the blades show geometrical marks. These may have developed from the Pagan serpent or worm symbolism connected to swords. The patterns may have survived into Christian times, but with a changed symbolic meaning. It has always been tried to distinguish between original VLFBERHT blades and imitations or falsifications. Recently, metallographic analyses have shown a correlation between special inscription variants and different methods of manufacture.
A protocol for developing reporting guidelines for laboratory studies in Endodontology
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Murray P. E. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Peters O. A. , Rôças I. N. , Siqueira J. F. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLaboratory‐based research studies are the most common form of research endeavour and make up the majority of manuscripts that are submitted for publication in the field of Endodontology. The scientific information derived from laboratory studies can be used to design a wide range of subsequent studies and clinical trials and may have translational potential to benefit clinical practice. Unfortunately, the majority of laboratory‐based articles submitted for publication fail the peer‐review step, because unacceptable flaws or substantial limitations are identified. Even when apparently well‐conducted laboratory‐based articles are peer‐reviewed, they can often require substantial corrections prior to the publication. It is apparent that some authors and reviewers may lack the training and experience to have developed a systematic approach to evaluate the quality of laboratory studies. Occasionally, even accepted manuscripts contain limitations that may compromise interpretation of data. To help authors avoid manuscript rejection and correction pitfalls, and to aid editors/reviewers to evaluate manuscripts systematically, the purpose of this project is to establish and publish quality guidelines for authors to report laboratory studies in the field of Endodontology so that the highest standards are achieved. The new guidelines will be named–‘Preferred Reporting Items for Laboratory studies in Endodontology’ (PRILE). A steering committee was assembled by the project leads to develop the guidelines through a five‐phase consensus process. The committee will identify new items as well as review and adapt items from existing guidelines. The items forming the draft guidelines will be reviewed and refined by a PRILE Delphi Group (PDG). The items will be evaluated by the PDG on a nine‐point Likert scale for relevance and inclusion. The agreed items will then be discussed by a PRILE face‐to‐face consensus meeting group (PFCMG) formed by 20 individuals to further refine the guidelines. This will be subject to final approval by the steering committee. The approved PRILE guidelines will be disseminated through publication in relevant journals, presented at congresses/meetings, and be freely available on a dedicated website. Feedback and comments will be solicited from researchers, editors and peer reviewers, who are invited to contact the steering committee with comments to help them update the guidelines periodically.
Physicochemical characterisation andin vitroStarch digestion of Avocado Seed Flour (Persea americana V. Hass) and its starch and fibrous fractions
Authors: Rivera–González Gerardo , Amaya–Guerra Carlos Abel , de la Rosa–Millán Julián 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe avocado seed is considered a by‐product of their pulp exploitation and today it does not present relevant food or industrial applications. In this study, we evaluate the potential use of its flour, their isolated starch and fibre fractions. After processing, the flour yielded 46.28%, and showed 6.7% of protein and low fat and ash contents (3.4, and 2.71% respectively). The starch yielded 27.28% with low‐fibre content that influenced its viscosity properties; as well as their water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and oil absorption index (OAI), that were 2.43%, 11.22% and 0.16% respectively. Thein vitrostarch digestion of the different obtained fractions showed higher amounts of rapidly digestible starch (56.8%–75.36%, flour and starch respectively). The functional properties of the materials were correlated with strong molecular interactions with their apparently unique amylose structure; for this, this by‐product may have different potential for food applications.
Overcoming “Crisis”: Mobility Capabilities and “stretching” a Migrant Identity among Young Irish in London and Return Migrants
Authors: Lulle Aija , Coakley Liam , MacÉinrí Piaras 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe bring into dialogue the migrant identities of young Irish immigrants in the UK and young returnees in Ireland. We draw on 38 in‐depth interviews (20 in the UK and 18 in Ireland), aged 20–37 at the time of interview, carried out in 2015–16. We argue that “stretching” identities – critical and reflective capabilities to interpret long histories of emigration and the neglected economic dimension – need to be incorporated into conceptualizing “crisis” migrants. Participants draw on networks globally, they choose migration as a temporary “stop‐over” abroad, but they also rework historical Irish migrant identities in a novel way. Becoming an Irish migrant or a returnee today is enacted as a historically grounded capability of mobility. However, structural economic constraints in the Irish labour market need to be seriously considered in understanding return aspirations and realities. These findings generate relevant policy ideas in terms of relations between “crisis” migrants and the state.
Constructive Copying: Exploring the Vocabulary
Authors: Schenk Pam , Parker Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, concerns are being expressed about the negative effects of digital copying in both industry and higher education. A project was formulated to investigate the use of paper‐based drawing methods for copying from visual source material in varied and structured ways and, thereby, to mitigate the adverse effects of design student dependency on screen‐based copying. A Copying Vocabulary Matrix was formulated based on findings accrued through a practice‐based enquiry where methods of copying were explored and a terminology of copying identified by the authors. A Constructive Copying Workshop was then devised for integration into an existing printed textile design course. Students were asked to respond to the words in the matrix through copying from the same visual source and were limited to pencils and paper. They were also encouraged to keep a reflective journal to record their thoughts as they worked. Their views were monitored during and after the workshop, and the drawings produced were then reviewed and analysed. It was found that a wide variety of images were produced based on either experimentation or strategic rationale by the students and that their visual literacy, analytical skills and understanding of textile design were enhanced, leading to the conclusion that similar teaching interventions into the design drawing curricula could benefit the student learning experience.
A sequenced multimodal learning approach to support students' development of conceptual learning
Authors: Magana Alejandra J. , Serrano Mayari I. , Rebello N. Sanjay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVirtual learning environments can now be enriched not only with visual and auditory information, but also with tactile and kinesthetic feedback. However, the way to successfully integrate haptic feedback on a multimodal learning environment is still unclear. This study aims to provide guidelines on how visuohaptic simulations can be implemented effectively, thus the research question is: Under what conditions do visual and tactile information support students' development of conceptual learning of force‐related concepts? Participants comprised 170 undergraduate students of a Midwestern University enrolled in a physics for elementary education class. Four experiments were conducted using four different configurations of multimodal learning environments: Visual feedback only, haptic force feedback only, visual and haptic force feedback at the same time, and sequenced modality of haptic feedback first and visual feedback second. Our results suggest that haptic force feedback has the potential to enrich learning when compared with visual only environments. Also, haptic and visual modalities interact better when sequenced one after another rather than presented simultaneously. Finally, exposure to virtual learning environments enhanced by haptic forced feedback was a positive experience, but the ease of use and ease of interpretation was not so evident.
Intermittent left bundle branch block: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Tung Roderick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present an illustrative case of a patient with intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) that underwent electrophysiological study with detailed multielectrode recordings of the right and left septum. The case elucidates the nature and location of conduction block and provides further insight into the underlying mechanisms of LBBB.
Signs of enhanced formation of gist memory in children with autism spectrum disorder – a study of memory functions of sleep
Authors: Kurz Eva‐Maria , Conzelmann Annette , Barth Gottfried Maria , Hepp Lisa , Schenk Damaris , Renner Tobias J. , Born Jan , Zinke Katharina 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, including emotional dysregulation, and symptoms have been suspected to partly arise from impaired formation of memory representations regulating these behaviours. Sleep, which is subjectively impaired in ASD, is critical for forming long‐term memories and abstracted gist‐based representations. We expected a generally reduced memory benefit from sleep in children with ASD, and a diminished enhancement of gist representations, in particular.MethodsWe compared effects of sleep on memory consolidation between boys (9–12 years) with ASD (n = 21) and typically developing (TD, n = 20) boys, matched for age and IQ, in a within‐subjects crossover design. We employed an emotional picture recognition task and the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) word list task for assessing gist memory formation in the emotional and nonemotional domain, respectively. Learning took place before retention intervals of nocturnal sleep and daytime wakefulness, and retrieval was tested afterwards.ResultsSurprisingly, on the DRM task, children with ASD showed an enhanced sleep‐dependent formation of gist‐based memory (i.e. more recall of ‘critical lure words’ after sleep compared to wakefulness) than TD children, with this effect occurring on top of a diminished veridical word memory. On the picture recognition task, children with ASD also showed a stronger emotional enhancement in memory (i.e. relatively better memory for negative than neutral pictures) than TD children, with this enhancement occurring independent of sleep. Sleep polysomnography was remarkably comparable between groups.ConclusionsChildren with ASD show well‐preserved sleep‐dependent memory consolidation. Enhanced gist memory formation in these children might reflect a compensatory response for impairments at earlier stages of memory processing, that is during encoding.