bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralstoff- und Säure-Basen-Dysbalance als Risikofaktor für Wohlstandserkrankungen
Authors: Manfred Jacob Ludwig 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChronische Störungen der Säure-Basen- und Mineralstoff-Homöostase verändern unzählige biochemische Reaktionen, die Funktion von Enzymen, Membranpotenziale und Gewebe. Meist treten sie schleichend auf, sodass sie lange unbemerkt bleiben. Zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zeigen, dass sie maßgeblich zur Entstehung von Wohlstandskrankheiten wie Hypertonie, Insulinresistenz, chronische Müdigkeit, aber auch Schmerzen, Gicht und Nierenerkrankungen beitragen können.Zur Erhaltung der Homöostase eignet sich generell am besten eine pflanzenbetonte Ernährung mit viel Gemüse, Obst, Kräutern, Hülsenfrüchten und Nüssen, ggf. ist eine Substitution bestimmter Nährstoffe notwendig. Ähnlich essenziell sind regelmäßige Bewegung, tiefe Bauchatmung, Phasen der Regeneration und ausreichend guter Schlaf.
Konstitutionslehren traditioneller Medizinsysteme
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

SummaryKonstitutionslehren sind Bestandteil der meisten traditionellen Medizinsysteme. So unterscheidet beispielsweise die Dosha-Lehre im Ayurveda zwischen Vata, Pitta und Kapha, die Konstitutionslehre der traditionellen europäischen Medizin kennt die 4 Typen Choleriker, Sanguiniker, Phlegmatiker und Melancholiker. Neben den symptombezogenen spezifischen Therapiemaßnahmen werden in traditionellen Medizinsystemen zusätzliche unspezifische Therapiemaßnahmen angewendet, um eine extrem ausgeprägte Konstitution in Richtung einer günstigeren Ideal-Misch-Konstitution zu führen.Der Autor unterzieht die Konstitutionsansätze traditioneller Medizinsysteme einer kritischen Analyse hinsichtlich ihrer Plausibilität und ihrem möglichen Nutzen für die Praxis.
Kalziphylaxie 2018
Authors: Brandenburg Vincent M. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Kalziphylaxie (kalzifizierende urämische Arteriolopathie) ist eine seltene,
aber dramatische Spielart der Weichteilverkalkung bei Patienten mit terminaler
Niereninsuffizienz. Noch seltener ist sie auch bei Patienten ohne nennenswerte
Nierenerkrankung 1. Die Kalziphylaxie ist
eine diagnostische und vor allem therapeutische Herausforderung. Sie trifft die
Patienten mit heftigen Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität und ist trotz aller
Fortschritte immer noch mit einem hohen Mortalitätsrisiko behaftet. Die
Ätiologie der Kalziphylaxie ist nur teilweise verstanden und in der Therapie
sind große Lücken hinsichtlich evidenzbasierter Standards zu beklagen.
Betroffene Patienten sollten in einem interdisziplinären Team und gegebenenfalls
in einem spezialisierten Zentrum betreut werden. Allerdings spricht unsere
Erfahrung aus solchen überregionalen Behandlungszentren für einen Rückgang der
Erkrankungsziffern und ein besseres Ansprechen der Therapie. Die Kooperation mit
überregionalen Registern und Netzwerken, Aufklärungskampagnen sowie eine
verbesserte Sensibilität im Umgang mit ausschaltbaren Risikofaktoren könnten
daher in den letzten Jahren doch Früchte getragen haben.
Ernährung bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen: wann, was,
wie
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Basrai Maryam 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungChronische Nierenerkrankungen gehen mit metabolischen Störungen einher. Der
Nährstoffbedarf variiert erheblich und wird vielfach nicht gedeckt. Die Folge
davon sind oft schwere Mangelzustände, andererseits aber müssen Natrium, Kalium
und Phosphat beschränkt werden. Die Ernährung bei chronisch Nierenkranken ist
ein relevanter Teil der Therapie. Dieser Beitrag erläutert das praktische
Vorgehen.
Pd-Catalyzed C–H Silylation Reactions with Disilanes
Authors: Zhang Yanghui , Zhou Bo , Lu Ailan 
Published: December 2018

Pd-catalyzed C–H silylation reactions remain underdeveloped. General strategies usually rely on the use of complex bidentate directing groups. C,C-Palladacycles exhibit extremely high reactivity towards hexamethyldisilane and can be disilylated very efficiently. The C,C-palladacycles are prepared through halide-directed C–H activation. This account introduces Pd-catalyzed C–H silylation reactions with di­silanes as the silyl source, and is focused on studies on the silylation of C,C-palladacycles.1	Introduction and Background2	Allylic C–H Silylation Reaction3	Coordinating-Ligand-Directed C–H Silylation Reaction4	Disilylation of C(sp2),C(sp2)-Palladacycles That are Generated by C(sp2)–H activation5	Disilylation of C(sp2),C(sp3)-Palladacycles That are Generated by C(sp3)–H Activation6	Disilylation of C,C-Palladacycles That are Generated through Domino Processes7	Summary and Outlook
Die X-Chromosomale Hypophosphatämie – XLH
Authors: Genest F. , Rak D. , Böhle F. , Seefried L. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der X-chromosomalen Hypophosphatämischen Rachitis (XLH) handelt es sich um eine seltene, aber mit einer Prävalenz von 1 : 20 000 gleichzeitig die häufigste genetisch bedingte Phosphatverlusterkrankung. Ursächlich sind Veränderungen im PHEX-Gen (Phosphate Regulating Endopeptidase Homolog, X-linked) auf dem X-Chromosom. Die Mutationen führen zu einer Störung der Metabolisierung des vorwiegend von Osteozyten sezernierten FGF-23 und bedingen über eine Verminderung von Natrium-Phosphat Co- Transportern in der apikalen Membran des proximalen Tubulus eine verminderte renale Phosphat-Reabsorption und eine Hemmung der 1-α-Hydroxylierung und Aktivierung von Vitamin D. In der Summe führt dies u. a. zu Phosphaturie, Hypophosphatämie und einer Mineralisierungsstörung des Knochens. Das klinische Bild im Kindesalter ist gekennzeichnet durch Zeichen der Rachitis mit Kleinwuchs und Knochendeformierungen. Im Erwachsenenalter stehen Arthralgien, (Pseudo-) Frakturen, Kontrakturen und die frühzeitige Entwicklung einer Arthrose im Vordergrund. Wesentliche Säulen der Therapie sind derzeit die Substitution von Phosphat und von unzureichend gebildetem aktivem Vitamin D. Aktuell für Kinder und zukünftig auch für Erwachsene könnte ein Antikörper gegen FGF-23 (Bursosumab) die Therapie verbessern.
Spatially resolved metabolomics to discover tumor-associated metabolic alterations
Authors: Sun Chenglong , Li Tiegang , Song Xiaowei , Huang Luojiao , Zang Qingce , Xu Jing , Bi Nan , Jiao Guanggen , Hao Yanzeng , Chen Yanhua , Zhang Ruiping , Luo Zhigang , Li Xin , Wang Luhua , Wang Zhonghua , Song Yongmei , He Jiuming , Abliz Zeper 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to support cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, thus driving cancer progression. Profiling of the metabolic signatures in heterogeneous tumors facilitates the understanding of tumor metabolism and introduces potential metabolic vulnerabilities that might be targeted therapeutically. We proposed a spatially resolved metabolomics method for high-throughput discovery of tumor-associated metabolite and enzyme alterations using ambient mass spectrometry imaging. Metabolic pathway-related metabolites and metabolic enzymes that are associated with tumor metabolism were efficiently discovered and visualized in heterogeneous esophageal cancer tissues. Spatially resolved metabolic alterations hold the key to defining the dependencies of metabolism that are most limiting for cancer growth and exploring metabolic targeted strategies for better cancer treatment.
Magnesium stable isotopes support the lunar magma ocean cumulate remelting model for mare basalts
Authors: Sedaghatpour Fatemeh , Jacobsen Stein B. 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceSoon after the return of the first lunar samples by the Apollo missions, it became clear that the Moon is a highly differentiated object, with a plagioclase-rich crust formed by mineral flotation in a very early magma ocean. The younger lunar mare basalts were interpreted to result from remelting of these lunar magma ocean (LMO) cumulate layers. Here we report significant Mg isotope variations produced by the Moon’s early magmatic differentiation. These results support models in which lunar basalts are formed by partial melting of distinct cumulate sources produced during the LMO crystallization and imply that the bulk lunar Mg isotope composition is similar to that of the inner solar system.
Holographic acoustic tweezers
Authors: Marzo Asier , Drinkwater Bruce W. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Holographic optical tweezers use focused light to manipulate multiple objects independently without contact. They are used in tasks such as measuring the spring constant of DNA, the pulling force of the kinesin protein, or to trap matter in exotic states. Differently, acoustic tweezers use sound radiation forces to trap particles at a larger scale (i.e., from micrometers to centimeters). However, previous implementations did not provide individual control. We present the realization of holographic acoustic tweezers. Using an array of sound emitters, we engineer the generated sound field to manipulate multiple particles individually. This enables applications in contactless assembly both at the micrometer and centimeter scale as well as the creation of displays in which the pixels are levitating particles.
Integration of accessibility data from structure probing into RNA–RNA interaction prediction
Authors: Miladi Milad , Montaseri Soheila , Backofen Rolf , Raden Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Experimental structure probing data has been shown to improve thermodynamics-based RNA secondary structure prediction. To this end, chemical reactivity information (as provided e.g. by SHAPE) is incorporated, which encodes whether or not individual nucleotides are involved in intra-molecular structure. Since inter-molecular RNA–RNA interactions are often confined to unpaired RNA regions, SHAPE data is even more promising to improve interaction prediction. Here, we show how such experimental data can be incorporated seamlessly into accessibility-based RNA–RNA interaction prediction approaches, as implemented in IntaRNA. This is possible via the computation and use of unpaired probabilities that incorporate the structure probing information. We show that experimental SHAPE data can significantly improve RNA–RNA interaction prediction. We evaluate our approach by investigating interactions of a spliceosomal U1 snRNA transcript with its target splice sites. When SHAPE data is incorporated, known target sites are predicted with increased precision and specificity.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/BackofenLab/IntaRNA

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TriPOINT: a software tool to prioritize important genes in pathways and their non-coding regulators
Authors: Thibodeau Asa , Shin Dong-Guk 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Current approaches for pathway analyses focus on representing gene expression levels on graph representations of pathways and conducting pathway enrichment among differentially expressed genes. However, gene expression levels by themselves do not reflect the overall picture as non-coding factors play an important role to regulate gene expression. To incorporate these non-coding factors into pathway analyses and to systematically prioritize genes in a pathway we introduce a new software: Triangulation of Perturbation Origins and Identification of Non-Coding Targets. Triangulation of Perturbation Origins and Identification of Non-Coding Targets is a pathway analysis tool, implemented in Java that identifies the significance of a gene under a condition (e.g. a disease phenotype) by studying graph representations of pathways, analyzing upstream and downstream gene interactions and integrating non-coding regions that may be regulating gene expression levels.

Availability and implementation
The TriPOINT open source software is freely available at https://github.uconn.edu/ajt06004/TriPOINT under the GPL v3.0 license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cardiovascular risk is associated with a transmural gradient of myocardial oxygenation during adenosine infusion
Authors: Luu Judy M , Schmidt Anna , Flewitt Jacqueline , Mikami Yoko , ter Keurs Henk , Friedrich Matthias G 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aims
In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), a transmural gradient of myocardial perfusion has been repeatedly observed, with the subendocardial layer showing more pronounced perfusion deficits. Oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (OS-CMR) allows for monitoring transmural changes of myocardial oxygenation in vivo. We hypothesized that OS-CMR could help identify a transmural oxygenation gradient as a disease marker in patients at risk for CAD.

Methods and results
We assessed 34 patients with known CAD and 28 subjects with coronary risk factors but no evidence of significant CAD. Results were compared with 11 healthy volunteers. OS-CMR was performed at 1.5 T, applying a T2*-weighted cine steady state free precession sequence at baseline and during infusion of adenosine. A reader blinded to patient data quantified the relative change of myocardial oxygenation in OS-CMR, defined by the change of signal intensity (ΔSI%) between baseline and during adenosine infusion in the entire myocardium, the subepicardial layer, and the subendocardial layer. SI changes were homogenous throughout the myocardium in healthy subjects, whereas both, patients with risk factors only and patients with CAD, had a significantly smaller ΔSI% in the subendocardial layer than in the subendocardial layer. Both patient groups had an overall decreased ΔSI% across all layers when compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Even in the absence of overt CAD, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a transmural gradient of the myocardial oxygenation response to adenosine as assessed by OS-CMR. An inducible transmural oxygenation gradient may serve as a non-invasive marker for cardiovascular risk.
Quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in patients undergoing hybrid ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vroomen Mindy , Olsthoorn Jules R , Maesen Bart , L’Espoir Vladimir , La Meir Mark , Das Marco , Maessen Jos G , Crijns Harry J G M , Verheule Sander , Pison Laurent 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Epicardial adipose tissue volume (EAT-V) has been linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences after catheter ablation. We retrospectively studied the association between atrial EAT-V and outcome after hybrid AF ablation (epicardial surgical and endocardial catheter ablation).

METHODS
On preoperative cardiac computed tomography angiography scans, the left atrium and right atrium were manually delineated using the open source ImageJ. With custom-made automated software, the number of pixels in the regions of interest on each slice was calculated. On the basis of the Hounsfield units, pixel size and slice thickness, EAT-V was computed and normalized in relation to the body surface area (BSA) and the myocardial tissue volume.

RESULTS
Eighty-five patients were included. Left atrial and right atrial EAT-V normalized to BSA were not significantly different between paroxysmal and persistent AF [0.84 (0.51–1.50) vs 0.81 (0.57–1.18), 1.74 (1.02–2.56) vs 1.55 (1.26–2.18), all P = 0.9], neither between the acute conduction block and no acute conduction block in the epicardial box lesion [0.92 (0.55–1.39) vs 0.72 (0.55–1.24), P = 0.5, right atrium not applicable], nor between the sinus rhythm and arrhythmia recurrence after 12 months [0.88 (0.55–1.48) vs 0.63 (0.47–1.10), 1.61 (1.11–2.50) vs 1.55 (1.20–2.20), all P > 0.1]. Left atrial EAT-V normalized to myocardial tissue volume was not different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
This study could neither confirm that EAT-V was predictive of recurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing a hybrid AF ablation, nor that EAT-V was different between patients with paroxysmal AF and persistent and long-standing persistent AF. This suggests that EAT-V might not affect the outcome in surgical ablation procedures and therefore should not influence preoperative or intraoperative decision-making.
On Cyclic Descents for Tableaux
Authors: Adin Ron M , Reiner Victor , Roichman Yuval 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe notion of descent set, for permutations as well as for standard Young tableaux (SYT), is classical. Cellini introduced a natural notion of cyclic descent set for permutations, and Rhoades introduced such a notion for SYT—but only for rectangular shapes. In this work we define cyclic extensions of descent sets in a general context and prove existence and essential uniqueness for SYT of almost all shapes. The proof applies nonnegativity properties of Postnikov’s toric Schur polynomials, providing a new interpretation of certain Gromov–Witten invariants.
Evaluation of multidisciplinary collaboration in pediatric trauma care using EHR data
Authors: Durojaiye Ashimiyu B , Levin Scott , Toerper Matthew , Kharrazi Hadi , Lehmann Harold P , Gurses Ayse P 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The study sought to identify collaborative electronic health record (EHR) usage patterns for pediatric trauma patients and determine how the usage patterns are related to patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods
A process mining–based network analysis was applied to EHR metadata and trauma registry data for a cohort of pediatric trauma patients with minor injuries at a Level I pediatric trauma center. The EHR metadata were processed into an event log that was segmented based on gaps in the temporal continuity of events. A usage pattern was constructed for each encounter by creating edges among functional roles that were captured within the same event log segment. These patterns were classified into groups using graph kernel and unsupervised spectral clustering methods. Demographics, clinical and network characteristics, and emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) of the groups were compared.

Results
Three distinct usage patterns that differed by network density were discovered: fully connected (clique), partially connected, and disconnected (isolated). Compared with the fully connected pattern, encounters with the partially connected pattern had an adjusted median ED LOS that was significantly longer (242.6 [95% confidence interval, 236.9–246.0] minutes vs 295.2 [95% confidence, 289.2–297.8] minutes), more frequently seen among day shift and weekday arrivals, and involved otolaryngology, ophthalmology services, and child life specialists.

Discussion
The clique-like usage pattern was associated with decreased ED LOS for the study cohort, suggesting greater degree of collaboration resulted in shorter stay.

Conclusions
Further investigation to understand and address causal factors can lead to improvement in multidisciplinary collaboration.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Dolutegravir in Treatment-Experienced Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Results of the IMPAACT P1093 Study
Authors: Viani Rolando M , Ruel Theodore , Alvero Carmelita , Fenton Terry , Acosta Edward P , Hazra Rohan , Townley Ellen , Palumbo Paul , Buchanan Ann M , Vavro Cindy , Singh Rajendra , Graham Bobbie , Anthony Patricia , George Kathleen , Wiznia Andrew ,   The P1093 Study Team, Heckman Barbara , Popson Stephanie , Sise Thucuma , Hergott Katelyn , Myers Kathryn , Rodriguez Carina A , Emmanuel Patricia J , Casey Denise , Wara Diane , Tilton Nicole , Aziz Mariam , McNichols Maureen , Logan Latania , Sirisanthana Virat , Aurpibul Linda , Kosachunhanan Nataporn , Jensen Jennifer , Williams Ruth , Qureshi Tarannum , Dobroszycki Joanna , Huh Heesun , Reinoso Francisco , Rana Sohail , Houston Patricia , Mengistab Mulu , Burchett Sandra K , Karthas Nancy , Kneut Catherine 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
P1093 is an ongoing phase I/II multicenter open-label study of dolutegravir plus an optimized background regimen in age-defined pediatric cohorts; here we report the long-term safety and virologic efficacy outcomes for the oldest cohort.

Methods
The study enrolled human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected treatment-experienced adolescents aged 12 to &lt;18 years, with an HIV-1 RNA level ≥1000 copies/mL . Cumulative safety and HIV-1 RNA outcomes were assessed once the last enrolled participant reached 144 weeks of follow-up.

Results
Among 23 adolescents enrolled, 16 remained in the study at least 144 weeks; the median follow-up was 153 weeks (range, 55–193 weeks). Dolutegravir was well tolerated, with grade 3 clinical adverse events in 5 participants, grade 3 laboratory abnormalities in 3, and grade 4 laboratory abnormalities in 1; none of the adverse events or abnormalities were judged to be treatment related. In an-intent-to-treat analysis, an HIV-1 RNA level &lt;400 copies/mL at week 144 was achieved in 43% (10 of 23 participants; 95% confidence interval, 23.2%–65.5%); in addition, 35% (8 of 23; 16.4%–57.3%) had an HIV-1 RNA level &lt;50 copies/mL. Nine participants (39%) discontinued study treatment before 144 weeks, but none because of adverse events or drug intolerance. All participants with sustained virologic control had excellent adherence; most who experienced virologic failure had adherence levels &lt;90%. HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance testing was available at time of failure from 6 participants; 1 had evolution in integrase resistance with E138T, S147G, and R263K mutations at week 192 and phenotypic dolutegravir resistance of a 5.1-fold change.

Conclusions
Dolutegravir plus an optimized background regimen seemed safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in this cohort of treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adolescents. Adherence remains problematic in this population.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01302847.
Galaxy formation in the Planck Millennium: the atomic hydrogen content of dark matter haloes
Authors: Baugh C M , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Lagos Claudia D P , Lacey Cedric G , Helly John C , Jenkins Adrian , Frenk Carlos S , Benson Andrew J , Bower Richard G , Cole Shaun 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe present recalibrations of the galform semi-analytical model of galaxy formation in a new N-body simulation with the Planck cosmology. The Planck Millennium simulation uses more than 128 billion particles to resolve the matter distribution in a cube of 800 Mpc on a side, which contains more than 77 million dark matter haloes with mass greater than 2.12 × 109 h−1 M⊙ at this day. Only minor changes to a very small number of model parameters are required in the recalibration. We present predictions for the atomic hydrogen content (H i) of dark matter haloes, which is a key input into the calculation of the H i intensity mapping signal expected from the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that the H i mass–halo mass relation displays a clear break at the halo mass above which AGN heating suppresses gas cooling, ≈3 × 1011h−1 M⊙. Below this halo mass, the H i content of haloes is dominated by the central galaxy; above this mass it is the combined H i content of satellites that prevails. We find that the H i mass–halo mass relation changes little with redshift up to $z$ = 3. The bias of H i sources shows a scale dependence that gets more pronounced with increasing redshift.