bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does the stellar disk of the Milky Way get its gas?
Authors: Nuza Sebastián E. , Chiappini Cristina , Scannapieco Cecilia , Minchev Ivan , Martig Marie , Junqueira Thiago C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn chemodynamical evolution models it is usually assumed that the Milky Way galaxy forms from the inside-out implying that gas inflows onto the disk decrease with galactocentric distance. Similarly, to reproduce differences between chemical abundances of the thick disk and bulge with respect to those of the thin disk, higher accretion fluxes at early times are postulated. By using a suite of Milky Way-like galaxies extracted from cosmological simulations, we investigate the accretion of gas on the simulated stellar disks during their whole evolution. In general, we find that the picture outlined above holds, although the detailed behavior depends on the assembly history of the Galaxy and the complexities inherent to the physics of galaxy formation.
The DR14 APOGEE-TGAS catalogue: Precise chemo-kinematics in the extended solar vicinity
Authors: Anders Friedrich , Queiroz Anna B. , Chiappini Cristina , Santiago Basílio X. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Meza Andres ,   the SDSS-IV/APOGEE Collaboration
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe the DR14 APOGEE-TGAS catalogue, a new SDSS value-added catalogue that provides precise astrophysical parameters, chemical abundances, astro-spectro- photometric distances and extinctions, as well as orbital parameters for ~30, 000 APOGEE-TGAS stars, among them ~5, 000 high-quality giant stars within 1 kpc.
Very Metal-Poor Stars and the Early Universe
Authors: Norris John E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVery metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] &lt; –2.0) inform our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Galaxy, and the physical conditions in the earliest star-forming environments of the Universe. They play an integral part in the paradigms of stellar populations, stellar archaeology, and near-field cosmology. We review the carbon-rich and carbon-normal sub-populations of the most iron-poor stars, providing insight into chemical enrichment at the earliest times in the Universe. We also discuss the role of very metal-poor stars in providing insight into the Galaxy’s halo, thick disk, and bulge, and the promise they hold for the future. A comparison between the abundances obtained for the nine most Fe-poor stars ([Fe/H] &lt; –4.5) (all but one of which is C-rich) with abundances obtained from far-field cosmology suggests that the former are the most chemically primitive objects yet observed and probably older than the DLA- and sub-DLA systems for which data are currently available from far-field studies.
Combining asteroseismology and spectroscopy for obtaining precise abundances: CoRoT-GES and K2-RAVE
Authors: Valentini M. ,   CoRoT-GES and K2-RAVE collaborations
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spectroscopic analysis of red giant stars is hampered by difficulties in determining the surface gravity, log g. The presence of degeneracies, few lines sensitive to log g, limited spectral coverage and bad signal-to-noise, can affect the precision and accuracy of log g and, as a consequence, the quality of the element abundances. We show how the adoption of the seismic surface gravity can improve the spectroscopic analysis of red giants. As examples, we adopted the seismic gravity in the analysis of spectra taken by two different surveys: GES (high resolution) and RAVE (intermediate resolution). The results of this technique were the lifting of the log g-Teff degeneracy and more accurate and precise atmospheric parameters and abundances.
Massive stars: stellar models and stellar yields, impact on Galactic Archaeology
Authors: Meynet Georges , Choplin Arthur , Ekström Sylvia , Georgy Cyril 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe physics of massive stars depends (at least) on convection, mass loss by stellar winds, rotation, magnetic fields and multiplicity. We briefly discuss the impact of the first three processes on the stellar yields trying to identify some guidelines for future works.
A miniaturized broadband monopulse comparator with all DELTA channels nulling in Ku band
Authors: Alamdar Saeid , Mohammadpour-Aghdam Karim , Khalili Hossein , Mohammad-Taheri Mahmoud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA compact monopulse comparator with complete nulling in all DELTA channels is designed and fabricated. The proposed comparator has small dimension and consists of interconnections of four broadband branch-line couplers and several 90° phase shifters with multistage Schiffman coupled-lines. This comparator has been characterized by its eight-portS-parameters to generate the SUM and DELTA channel frequency responses. Over 30-dB null depth was achieved in DELTA channels across the SUM channels in pass band from 14.8 to 18.2 GHz frequency range.
Intuitive Eating
Authors: Barrada Juan Ramón , Cativiela Blanca , van Strien Tatjana , Cebolla Ausiàs 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Intuitive eating is defined as an adaptive way of eating that maintains a strong connection with the internal physiological signs of hunger and satiety. It has four elements: unconditional permission to eat whenever and whatever food is desired, eating for physical rather than for emotional reasons, reliance on hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat, and body-food choice congruence. In this study, we assessed the differences and similarities between intuitive eating, as measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), and eating styles (restrained, emotional, and external eating), assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Using a Spanish sample of mainly university students ( n = 1,095) we found that (a) unconditional permission to eat presented a large negative correlation with restrained eating, r = –.82; (b) eating for physical reasons had a large negative correlation with emotional eating, r = –.70; (c) the dimensions of intuitive eating only showed very small correlations with positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, body dissatisfaction or weight control behavior after restrained, emotional, and external eating had been partialled out. Altogether, the present results suggest that two of the dimensions of intuitive eating as assessed with the IES-2 are not very new or innovative. The most promising new dimension of intuitive eating seems to be body-food choice congruence.
Effects of Biological Production and Vertical Mixing on Sea Surface pCO2 Variations in the Changjiang River Plume During Early Autumn: A Buoy‐Based Time Series Study
Authors: Li Dewang , Chen Jianfang , Ni Xiaobo , Wang Kui , Zeng Dingyong , Wang Bin , Jin Haiyan , Huang Daji , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA monthlong, high‐resolution buoy time series from the surface ocean of the Changjiang River plume in early autumn 2013 (30‐min sampling frequency) shows great variability in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and other physical and biogeochemical parameters. Early in the deployment, surface pCO2 decreased by ~117 μatm in a single day (11–12 September, from an initial value of ~527 μatm); a similar decline of 62 μatm occurred five days later (to ~378 μatm). Both drawdown events were associated with strong vertical stratification, high chlorophyll a concentrations, and oxygen supersaturation. A one‐dimensional mass balance model suggests that biological production was responsible for more than half the pCO2 decrease observed during 10–23 September. Subsequently, in association with strong winds, the mixed layer rapidly deepened and surface pCO2 increased sharply (by about 108 μatm in late September and again in early October). Vertical mixing accounted for more than half of this pCO2 increase, which offset more than the earlier biologically driven CO2 drawdown. In the presence of such strong temporal variations of pCO2, sampling frequency exerts a substantial influence on air‐sea CO2 flux calculations for the Changjiang River plume and similar coastal areas. Compared to daily sampling, even weekly sampling would result in a bias of up to ±4.7 mmol C · m−2 · day−1 or ±63% error.
Field‐Aligned Current and Polar Cap Potential and Geomagnetic Disturbances: A Review of Cross‐Correlation Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Binod , Dahal Subodh , Sapkota Nirakar , Baruwal Prashrit , Bhattarai Binod , Khanal Krishna , Chapagain Narayan P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolar cap potential (PCV) is an important parameter used for determining what kind of interaction takes place between solar wind and magnetosphere. Highly energetic particles from Sun driven by solar wind constantly bombard with Earth's magnetosphere–ionosphere system that results into a phenomenon like auroras, and major geomagnetic disturbances. Solar wind electron deposition determines the magnitude of field‐aligned current (FAC) and ultimately leads to PCV variation. Several studies found that increase in magnitude of IMF‐Bz causes an electric field of cross magnetosphere to increase, and it leads to increase in magnitude of ionospheric cross‐polar cap potential (PCV). Moreover, PCV was found to be a linear function of Vsw. In this research, we aim to study how field‐aligned current (FAC), for example, region 1 current and PCV, is related during different forms of geomagnetic disturbances. In all events, FAC and PCV are found to have corresponding fluctuations—especially at times of significant variation of IMF‐Bz (negative Bz interval) following the linearity of equation suggested by Moon in Moon (2012, https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2012.29.3.259). We found one‐to‐one correspondence between FAC and PCV. We did CWT analysis and found that FAC and PCV have more or less same spectral behaviors for each event considered. The cross‐correlation analysis shows a high and positive correlation between FAC and PCV at 0‐min time lag for all geomagnetic activity. The CWT analysis clearly supports the result of cross correlation between FAC and PCV. We found that FAC and Vsw, FAC‐B, and FAC and AE are also positively correlated with high‐correlation coefficient at lag 0 min for all geomagnetic storm. However, FAC‐Bz, FAC‐By, and FAC‐SYM (H) have varying correlation in different events. For a particular storm and substorm, the parameters Bz and By may not necessarily be varied with FAC in regular sequence but IMF (B) always show positive correlation with FAC for all geomagnetic activity. This paper presents a clear relation between FAC and PCV. This result will help to identify some of the outstanding issues in determining the causal mechanism of PCV variation, a crucial thing to understanding the coupling between the solar wind and M‐I system.
Extending the Solidus for a Model Iron‐Rich Martian Mantle Composition to 25 GPa
Authors: Duncan Megan S. , Schmerr Nicholas C. , Bertka Constance M. , Fei Yingwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe solidus for the mantle of Mars is an important geophysical parameter in modeling the thermal history and evolution of the planet. This study provides solidus data for a simplified model Martian mantle composition from the midmantle (8 GPa) to the core–mantle boundary (25 GPa) using multianvil experiments. Combining this work with previous studies, the solidus for the entire mantle of Mars is constrained to within 70 °C. The major mineral assemblages and phase transitions observed are consistent with those predicted for an iron‐rich Martian mantle. The solidus for the Martian composition falls above the solidus of MORB and below that of terrestrial peridotite, providing direct melting data for geophysical modeling of the Martian interior. Our solidus also predicts that a Martian mantle plume should produce melt at depths over a range of 200–350 km in the mantle.
Response of the Intertropical Convergence Zone to Antarctic Ice Sheet Melt
Authors: Bakker Pepijn , Prange Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPast cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere have been shown to impact the location of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and therewith induce a southward shift of tropical precipitation. Here we use high resolution coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations to show that reasonable past melt rates of the Antarctic Ice Sheet can similarly have led to shifts of the ITCZ, albeit in opposite direction, through large‐scale surface air temperature changes over the Southern Ocean. Through sensitivity experiments employing slightly negative to large positive meltwater fluxes, we deduce that meridional shifts of the Hadley cell and therewith the ITCZ are, to a first order, a linear response to Southern Hemisphere high‐latitude surface air temperature changes and Antarctic Ice Sheet melt rates. This highlights the possibility to use past episodes of anomalous melt rates to better constrain a possible future response of low latitude precipitation to continued global warming and a shrinking Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Comparing Eddy‐Permitting Ocean Model Parameterizations via Lagrangian Particle Statistics in a Quasigeostrophic Setting
Authors: Chen Amy , Barham William , Grooms Ian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper uses Lagrangian statistics—absolute dispersion, pair dispersion, and particle forecasting—to compare four eddy‐permitting models of idealized mesoscale ocean dynamics. The baseline model uses scale‐selective biharmonic damping of momentum to keep the velocity field smooth at the grid scale without overly smearing the partially resolved eddies. The second model uses a nonlinear space‐ and time‐varying Leith viscosity to absorb enstrophy near the grid scale without dissipating too much energy. The last two models use a strong biharmonic damping of momentum to keep the velocity field smooth at the grid scale; this dissipates an unrealistically large amount of kinetic energy, and the models add either deterministic or stochastic forcing to reinject this energy at larger scales. These models are called Jansen and Held models after Jansen and Held (2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.06.002). All four models correctly model the diffusive transport of particles over time scales more than a few weeks, as measured by the Lagrangian absolute dispersion, showing that all models correctly reproduce the large scales of coherent eddies. The Lagrangian relative dispersion (or pair dispersion) is more sensitive to structure at smaller scales in the velocity field. The Leith model has the least‐accurate relative dispersion, while the two Jansen and Held models have the most accurate. In initialized forecast experiments, there is very little difference in performance between the models.
Impacts of Land Cover and Soil Texture Uncertainty on Land Model Simulations Over the Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Jianduo , Chen Fei , Zhang Guo , Barlage Michael , Gan Yanjun , Xin Yufei , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLand surface processes and their coupling to the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) play an important role in modulating the regional and global climate. Therefore, identifying and quantifying uncertainty in these land surface model (LSM) processes are essential for improving climate models. The specifications of land cover and soil texture types, intertwined with the uncertainties in associated vegetation and soil parameters in LSMs, are significant sources of uncertainty due to the lack of detailed land survey in the TP. To differentiate the effects of land cover or soil texture specifications in the Noah with Multiple Parameterizations (Noah‐MP) LSM from the effects of uncertainties in the model parameters, this study first identified the most sensitive vegetation and soil parameters through global sensitivity analysis and then conducted parametric ensemble simulations using two land cover data sets and two soil texture data sets over the central TP to estimate their corresponding impacts on the overall model responses. The distinction level and the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test were then applied to assess the differences between the results from parametric ensemble simulations using different land cover or soil texture data sets. The results show that the simulated energy and water fluxes over the central TP are dominated by soil parameters. The canopy height is the most sensitive vegetation parameter, and the Clapp‐Hornberger b parameter (the exponent in the function that relates soil water potential and water content) is the most sensitive soil parameter. Relative to the background parametric uncertainties, the Noah‐MP LSM could not sufficiently distinguish the effects of changes between forested types or soil texture types, which highlight the need for further quantifying and reducing the parametric uncertainties in LSMs. Further analysis shows significant sensitivities of the distinction level and changes in model response to annual precipitation and vegetation fraction. This work provides a scientific reference for assessing the impacts of land cover or soil texture changes on Noah‐MP simulations under future climate change conditions.
A hybrid invisibility cloak based on integration of transparent metasurfaces and zero-index materials
Authors: Chu Hongchen , Li Qi , Liu Bingbing , Luo Jie , Sun Shulin , Hang Zhi Hong , Zhou Lei , Lai Yun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe invisibility cloak, a long-standing fantastic dream for humans, has become more tangible with the development of metamaterials. Recently, metasurface-based invisibility cloaks have been proposed and realized with significantly reduced thickness and complexity of the cloaking shell. However, the previous scheme is based on reflection-type metasurfaces and is thus limited to reflection geometry. In this work, by integrating the wavefront tailoring functionality of transparent metasurfaces and the wave tunneling functionality of zero-index materials, we have realized a unique type of hybrid invisibility cloak that functions in transmission geometry. The principle is general and applicable to arbitrary shapes. For experimental demonstration, we constructed a rhombic double-layer cloaking shell composed of a highly transparent metasurface and a double-zero medium consisting of dielectric photonic crystals with Dirac cone dispersions. The cloaking effect is verified by both full-wave simulations and microwave experimental results. The principle also reveals exciting possibilities for realizing skin-thick ultrathin cloaking shells in transmission geometry, which can eliminate the need for spatially varying extreme parameters. Our work paves a path for novel optical and electromagnetic devices based on the integration of metasurfaces and metamaterials.
Opposing effects of final population density and stress on Escherichia coli mutation rate
Authors: Krašovec Rok , Richards Huw , Gifford Danna R , Belavkin Roman V , Channon Alastair , Aston Elizabeth , McBain Andrew J , Knight Christopher G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Evolution depends on mutations. For an individual genotype, the rate at which mutations arise is known to increase with various stressors (stress-induced mutagenesis—SIM) and decrease at high final population density (density-associated mutation-rate plasticity—DAMP). We hypothesised that these two forms of mutation-rate plasticity would have opposing effects across a nutrient gradient. Here we test this hypothesis, culturing Escherichia coli in increasingly rich media. We distinguish an increase in mutation rate with added nutrients through SIM (dependent on error-prone polymerases Pol IV and Pol V) and an opposing effect of DAMP (dependent on MutT, which removes oxidised G nucleotides). The combination of DAMP and SIM results in a mutation rate minimum at intermediate nutrient levels (which can support 7 × 108 cells ml−1). These findings demonstrate a strikingly close and nuanced relationship of ecological factors—stress and population density—with mutation, the fuel of all evolution.
Cognitive function following breast cancer treatment and associations with concurrent symptoms
Authors: Van Dyk Kathleen , Bower Julienne E. , Crespi Catherine M. , Petersen Laura , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCognitive changes after breast cancer treatment are often attributed to chemotherapy, without considering other important factors such as other treatments (e.g., surgery, radiation, endocrine therapy (ET)). We compared neuropsychological functioning in the domains of learning, memory, attention, visuospatial, executive function, and processing speed according to primary breast cancer treatment exposures in early survivorship, before the initiation of ET (n = 189). We were also interested in the association of neuropsychological functioning with select clinical, psychological, and behavioral factors. Compared to those who only underwent surgery (n = 28), all neuropsychological domain scores were comparable in a sample of breast cancer survivors with different treatment exposures, i.e., radiation therapy (n = 64), chemotherapy (n = 20), or both (n = 77), p’s < 0.05, adjusted for age, IQ, depression, and time since treatment completion. Physical fatigue, pain, and sleep correlated with several cognitive domains regardless of treatment exposure. There are minimal treatment-related neuropsychological differences on neuropsychological measures in early breast cancer survivorship, but the influence of other co-occurring symptoms warrants attention.
Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications in environmental systems
Authors: Xiong Boya , Loss Rebeca Dettam , Shields Derrick , Pawlik Taylor , Hochreiter Richard , Zydney Andrew L , Kumar Manish 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh molecular weight (106–3 × 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing. These applications of PAM can result in significant environmental challenges, both in water management and in contamination of local water supplies after accidental spills. This paper provides a short review of current applications of high molecular weight PAM, including the potential for PAM degradation by chemical, mechanical, thermal, photolytic, and biological processes. Methods for treating wastewater containing partially degraded PAM are then discussed along with issues related to the potential toxicity and mobility of PAM in the environment after disposal or accidental release.
Retention and losses of ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigments in bats
Authors: Li Longfei , Chi Hai , Liu Haonan , Xia Yu , Irwin David M. , Zhang Shuyi , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUltraviolet (UV)-sensitive visual pigment and its corresponding ability for UV vision was retained in early mammals from their common ancestry with sauropsids. Subsequently, UV-sensitive pigments, encoded by the short wavelength-sensitive 1 (SWS1) opsin gene, were converted to violet sensitivity or have lost function in multiple lineages during the diversification of mammals. However, many mammalian species, including most bats, are suggested to retain a UV-sensitive pigment. Notably, some cave-dwelling fruit bats and high duty cycle echolocating bats have lost their SWS1 genes, which are proposed to be due to their roosting ecology and as a sensory trade-off between vision and echolocation, respectively. Here, we sequenced SWS1 genes from ecologically diverse bats and found that this gene is also non-functional in both common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) and white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi). Apart from species with pesudogenes, our evolutionary and functional studies demonstrate that the SWS1 pigment of bats are UV-sensitive and well-conserved since their common ancestor, suggesting an important role across major ecological types. Given the constrained function of SWS1 pigments in these bats, why some other species, such as vampire bats, have lost this gene is even more interesting and needs further investigation.