bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformal four-point integrals: recursive structure, Toda equations and double copy
Authors: Loebbert Florian , Stawinski Sven F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider conformal four-point Feynman integrals to investigate how much of their mathematical structure in two spacetime dimensions carries over to higher dimensions. In particular, we discuss recursions in the loop order and spacetime dimension. This results e.g. in new expressions for conformal ladder integrals with generic propagator powers in all even dimensions and allows us to lift results on 2d Feynman integrals with underlying Calabi-Yau geometry to higher dimensions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Basso-Dixon generalizations of these integrals obey different variants of the Toda equations of motion, thus establishing a connection to classical integrability and the family of so-called tau-functions. We then show that all of these integrals can be written in a double copy form that combines holomorphic and anti-holomorphic building blocks. Here integrals in higher dimensions are constructed from an intersection pairing of two-dimensional “periods” together with their derivatives. Finally, we comment on extensions to higher-point integrals which provide a richer kinematical setup.
On the Correctness of Maximum Parsimony for Data with Few Substitutions in the NNI Neighborhood of Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Fischer Mareike 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEstimating phylogenetic trees, which depict the relationships between different species, from aligned sequence data (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) is one of the main aims of evolutionary biology. However, tree reconstruction criteria like maximum parsimony do not necessarily lead to unique trees and in some cases even fail to recognize the “correct” tree (i.e., the tree on which the data was generated). On the other hand, a recent study has shown that for an alignment containing precisely those binary characters (sites) which require up to two substitutions on a given tree, this tree will be the unique maximum parsimony tree. It is the aim of the present paper to generalize this recent result in the following sense: We show that for a tree T with n leaves, as long as $$k<\frac{n}{8}+\frac{11}{9}-\frac{1}{18}\sqrt{9\cdot \left( \frac{n}{4}\right) ^2+16}$$

k
<

n
8

+

11
9

-

1
18

9
·

n
4

2

+
16

(or, equivalently, $$n>9k-11+\sqrt{9k^2-22k+17}$$

n
>
9
k
-
11
+

9

k
2

-
22
k
+
17

, which in particular holds for all $$n\ge 12k$$

n
≥
12
k

), the maximum parsimony tree for the alignment containing all binary characters which require (up to or precisely) k substitutions on T will be unique in the NNI neighborhood of T and it will coincide with T, too. In other words, within the NNI neighborhood of T, T is the unique most parsimonious tree for the said alignment. This partially answers a recently published conjecture affirmatively. Additionally, we show that for $$n\ge 8$$

n
≥
8

and for k being in the order of $$\frac{n}{2}$$

n
2

, there is always a pair of phylogenetic trees T and $$T'$$

T
′

which are NNI neighbors, but for which the alignment of characters requiring precisely k substitutions each on T in total requires fewer substitutions on $$T'$$

T
′

.
Boundedness of Metaplectic Operators Within $$L^p$$ Spaces, Applications to Pseudodifferential Calculus, and Time–Frequency Representations
Authors: Giacchi Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHausdorff–Young’s inequality establishes the boundedness of the Fourier transform from $$L^p$$

L
p

to $$L^q$$

L
q

spaces for $$1\le p\le 2$$

1
≤
p
≤
2

and $$q=p'$$

q
=

p
′

, where $$p'$$

p
′

denotes the Lebesgue-conjugate exponent of p. This paper extends this classical result by characterizing the $$L^p-L^q$$

L
p

-

L
q

boundedness of metaplectic operators, which play a significant role in harmonic analysis. We demonstrate that metaplectic operators are bounded on Lebesgue spaces if and only if their symplectic projection is either free or lower block triangular. As a byproduct, we identify metaplectic operators that serve as homeomorphisms of $$L^p$$

L
p

spaces. To achieve this, we leverage a parametrization of the symplectic group by Dopico and Johnson. We use our findings to provide boundedness results within $$L^p$$

L
p

spaces for pseudodifferential operators with symbols in Lebesgue spaces, and quantized by means of metaplectic operators. These quantizations consists of shift-invertible metaplectic Wigner distributions, which are essential to measure local phase-space concentration of signals. Using the factorization by Dopico and Johnson, we infer a decomposition law for metaplectic operators on $$L^2({\mathbb {R}^{2d}})$$

L
2

(

R

2
d

)

in terms of shift-invertible metaplectic operators, establish the density of shift-invertible symplectic matrices in $$\mathop {\mathrm {{Sp}}}\limits (2d,\mathbb {R})$$

Sp
(
2
d
,
R
)

, and prove that the lack of shift-invertibility prevents metaplectic Wigner distributions to define the so-called modulation spaces $$M^p(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

M
p

(

R

d

)

.
Management venöser Aneurysmen und deren gefäßchirurgische Therapiemöglichkeiten
Authors: Barth U. , Stojkova M. , Meyer F. , Halloul Z. 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Venöse Aneurysmen bilden in der Gefäßchirurgie eine seltene Entität, die meist in Einzelfallserien und daraus generierten Metaanalysen beschrieben wird. Die Behandlungskonzepte sind vielfältig, hervorgehoben wird die operative Therapie wegen des Thromboserisikos und des Risikos für Lungenembolien. Uneinigkeit besteht hinsichtlich der postoperativen Notwendigkeit und Dauer der Antikoagulation.

Methode
Serie einer konsekutiven Patientenkohorte mit venösem Aneurysma der letzten 18 Jahre einer Gefäßchirurgie der hochspezialisierten Versorgung mit zentrumsgleichen Strukturen inklusive einer Bewertung der eigenen Erfahrungen aus der täglichen gefäßchirurgischen Praxis im Lichte einer aktuellen Literaturauswahl zu möglichen und vor allem etablierten diagnosespezifischen Therapiekonzepten.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen 2005 und 2023 wurden insgesamt 11 Fälle venöser Aneurysmen bei Patienten im Alter von 30 bis 84 (Mittelwert: 52,5; Median: 50) Jahre(n) eruiert, wobei bei einem Patienten nach 2 Jahren ein Rezidiv operiert werden musste. Das Geschlechterverhältnis betrug 7:3 (m:w). Von der anatomischen Region war die V. poplitea mit 36,4 % am häufigsten betroffen, gefolgt von der V. jugularis interna und V. axillaris/subclavia mit je 18,2 %. Ein Aneurysma der V. cava inferior, der V. iliaca communis und V. cubiti media traten nur einmal auf. In 9 Fällen erfolgte eine operative Versorgung der Aneurysmen. Dabei kamen als Operationsmethoden eine i) tangentiale Resektion der Aneurysmawand und fortlaufende Raffungsnaht, ii) Resektion des Aneurysmas und Interposition einer 8‑mm-GORE-TEX®Vascular-Graft-Prothese (W.L. Gore, Putzbrunn, Deutschland), iii) Ligatur des Aneurysmas und iv) Ligatur mit anschließender Resektion des Aneurysmas zur operativ-technischen Anwendung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Seltenheit des Auftretens der venösen Aneurysmen sollte Anlass geben, diese Fälle zentral zu registrieren und auszuwerten (ggf. bundesweites Register). Die chirurgische Behandlung ist meist unproblematisch und mit wenigen Komplikationen behaftet. Das Risiko von Lungenembolien scheint bei venösen Aneurysmen der Extremitäten, Beckenvenen und V. cava inferior deutlich erhöht zu sein, während venöse Aneurysmen im Kopf- und Halsbereich deutlich weniger dazu neigen. Die peri- und postoperative Antikoagulation hat sich an die Entwicklung der Antikoagulanzien angepasst zugunsten der Therapie mit direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAKs). Eine unmittelbar postoperative(s) „low-dose“-Heparinisierung und anschließendes therapeutisches Bridging mit einem niedermolekularen Heparin vor Einstellung auf ein ambulantisierfähiges Antikoagulans scheint die perioperative Phase bezüglich operationsbedingter, insbesondere thrombotischer Komplikationen (aber auch Blutung) nach eigener Erfahrung abzusichern.
Mixed FEM implementation of three-point bending of the beam with an edge crack within strain gradient elasticity theory
Authors: Chirkov Aleksandr Yu. , Nazarenko Lidiia , Altenbach Holm 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of symmetrical three-point bending of a prismatic beam with an edge crack. The solution is obtained by the mixed finite element method within the simplified Toupin–Mindlin strain gradient elasticity theory. A mixed variational formulation of the boundary value problem for displacements–strains–stresses and their gradients is applied, simplifying the choice of approximating functions. The concept of energy balance is adopted to calculate the energy release rate with a virtual increase in crack length. The increment of the potential energy of an elastic body is determined by accounting for the strain and stress gradient contribution. Numerical calculations were performed using a quasi-uniform triangular mesh of the cross-type. The mesh refinement was applied in the vicinity of the crack tip, at the concentrated support, and the point of application of the transverse force, and uniform mesh partitioning was utilized in the rest of the beam. The fine-mesh analysis was carried out on the successively condensed meshes in the stress concentration domain for different values of the length scale parameter. The crack opening displacements and the distribution of strains and Cauchy stresses for various values of the length scale parameter are presented. An increase in this parameter increases the stiffness of the crack, which leads to a decrease in the crack opening displacements and a smooth closure of its faces at the crack tip. In addition, accounting for the scale parameter reduces the calculated values of strains and stresses near the crack tip. Based on the energy balance criterion, local fracture parameters such as the release rate of elastic energy at the crack tip and the stress intensity factor are determined for different values of the mesh step. The numerical calculations indicate the convergence of the obtained approximations. The main feature of solutions, which includes the strain gradient contribution, is the decrease in the values of the calculated parameters associated with the fracture energy compared to the classical elasticity theory.
Radiation-induced nanogel engineering based on pectin for pH-responsive rutin delivery for cancer treatment
Authors: El-Adl Khaled , Ghobashy Mohamed M. , Ismail Amel F. M. , El-morsy Ahmed , Shoman Nabil A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the formulation of a nanogel complex using pectin and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) to encapsulate rutin. The nanogel’s pH-responsive behavior and its potential as a targeted drug delivery platform are investigated. The gamma irradiation–induced crosslinking mechanism is elucidated, highlighting its role in creating a stable three-dimensional network structure within the polymer matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis sheds light on the molecular interactions within rutin and the nanogel-rutin complex. The pH-responsive behavior of the nanogel is explored, showcasing its ability to release rutin selectively in response to pH variations and displaying high physical and chemical stability. Transmission electron microscopy imaging provides visual insights into nanogel morphology and interactions. The cumulative drug content from the nanogel was 86.14 ± 2.61%. The pH-dependent release profile of the nanogel was examined, demonstrating selective rutin release in response to varying pH levels. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted against four human cancer cell lines—HepG2, A549, MCF-7, and HCT-116 showing significant reductions in IC50 values, indicating enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, molecular docking studies revealed strong binding interactions of rutin with VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M. Our nanogel compound 5 significantly reduced the IC50 values for HepG2, A549, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cells by 58.19%, 81.29%, 71.81%, and 67.16%, respectively. Furthermore, it lowered the IC50 values for VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M by 29.66% and 68.18%, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Bioengineering Bacillus spp. for Sustainable Crop Production: Recent Advances and Resources for Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Ortiz Aurelio , Sansinenea Estibaliz , Keswani Chetan , Minkina Tatiana , Singh Satyendra Pratap , Rekadwad Bhagwan , Borriss Rainer , Hefferon Kathleen , Hoat Trinh Xuan , Mitra Debasis , Das Mohapatra Pradeep Kumar , Panneerselvam Periyasamy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of sustainable agriculture is to meet the rising need for food, while minimizing adverse impacts on the environment, protecting natural resources, and ensuring agricultural output over the long term. The pressing need to increase agricultural yield through sustainable agriculture is being emphasized. Several Bacillus species have been used as commercial biopesticides since they can act against plant pathogens by potentially suppressing them. At the same time, they can act as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and are known for their diverse characteristics and beneficial properties, making them potential candidates for use sustainable crop production programs. Knowledge of genetic information opens the door of possibility for understanding the way these microorganisms behave. By applying biotechnological tools to Bacillus, strategies can be adopted for the purpose of increasing the yield of crops and managing pests and pathogens that infect them. In this review, we identify the genes in the most significant Bacillus spp. that contribute to plant improvement. The most important biotechnological tools and advance computational approaches are described to provide an extended vision on this topic. However, increasing the crop production through application of beneficial microbial strains requires a multifaceted approach that considers ecological, economic, and social aspects. By implementing these strategies and practices, we can work towards a sustainable and resilient agricultural system that meets the growing food demand, while preserving the environment for future generations.
Lung cancer mortality attributable to residential radon in Germany
Authors: Heinzl Felix , Schnelzer Maria , Scholz-Kreisel Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe radioactive gas radon is one of the most important risk factors for lung cancer after smoking. This article aims to estimate the annual number of lung cancer deaths attributable to residential radon exposure in Germany and its federal states using updated data and an advanced calculation method. Data on lung cancer mortality (2018–2022), smoking behavior (2017), and on the estimated distribution of radon concentration based on a radon residential study (2019–2021) in Germany are used. The risk model employed is derived from the pooled European residential radon study, indicating that excess relative risk for lung cancer increases by 16% per 100 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m$$^{3}$$

3

) of corrected long-term radon concentration. It is estimated that a total of around 2800 lung cancer deaths per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 900–5100) are attributable to residential radon in Germany. This represents a population attributable fraction of 6.3% (95% CI 2.1–11.4%). Notably, radon-attributable lung cancer deaths occur not only among current (41%) but also significantly among former smokers (41%) and those who have never smoked (19%). The results confirm that radon in homes is an important risk factor for lung cancer, highlighting the need for protective measures against radon for all population groups in Germany.
Progression to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA): post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 trial
Authors: Corradetti Giulia , Karamat Ayesha , Srinivas Sowmya , Lindenberg Sophiana , Velaga Swetha B. , Corvi Federico , Attiku Yamini , Nittala Muneeswar Gupta , Desai Dhaval , Zhu Liansheng , Abulon Dina , Sadda SriniVas R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Determine rates of progression of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) and rates of progression of drusen to iRORA/cRORA in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) treated with avacincaptad pegol (ACP).

Methods
Post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 prospective, randomized, double-masked Phase II/III study that evaluated ACP 2 mg vs. sham. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from GATHER1 were transferred to the Doheny Image Reading and Research Lab for masked analysis by readers experienced with Classification of Atrophy Meeting (CAM) grading features. Regions of OCT volume scans more than 500 µm from the border of GA lesions were evaluated at baseline and at months 6, 12, and 18. Participants with iRORA and/or drusen (≥ 40 µm height on OCT) at baseline were included in the analysis.

Results
The proportion of eyes progressing from iRORA to cRORA in the ACP 2 mg group was 5.0%, 15.0%, and 20.0% at months 6, 12, and 18 respectively, as compared with 11.8%, 30.2%, and 41.8% of eyes in the sham group. The proportion of ACP 2 mg-treated eyes progressing from drusen to iRORA or cRORA was 3.8%, 7.6%, and 7.6% at months 6, 12, and 18 compared with 15.9%, 18.1%, and 27.2% of sham-treated eyes.

Conclusions
Rates of progression from iRORA to cRORA and drusen to iRORA/cRORA were reduced in eyes treated with ACP 2 mg vs. sham, with increasing separation between groups over time, suggesting early intervention may slow disease progression.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686658. Date of registration: February 16, 2016.

Key messages
What is known

Geographic atrophy is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that leads to irreversible vision loss, presenting a significant public health unmet need.

The Classification of Atrophy Meeting (CAM) group recommended a new nomenclature for advanced AMD lesions, based on the affected anatomical layers on optical coherence tomography. Accordingly, the terms incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) and complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) were introduced (Guymer et al., Ophthalmology 127:394–409, 2020; Sadda et al., Ophthalmology 125:537–548, 2018).

What is new

GATHER1 post hoc analysis shows that treatment with avacincaptad pegol (ACP) 2 mg decreases the proportion of eyes that progress from iRORA to cRORA, and from drusen to iRORA or cRORA, compared with sham, over 6, 12, and 18 months.

These findings suggest a potential role for ACP in delaying the progression of existing pre-atrophic AMD lesions
Time to Onset of Dysphagia Following Head and Neck Radiation
Authors: Miller E. Marin , Walters Rameen K. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Harper Jennifer L. , Depaoli Bradley , O’Rourke Ashli K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the time of onset of dysphagia in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation or chemoradiation. Retrospective chart review of adult patients. 237 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. The average age at cancer diagnosis was 62 years (± 12.6) in a predominantly male cohort (n = 198, 83.5%). The most common subsite was oropharyngeal (n = 146, 60.8%) and squamous cell carcinoma in origin (n = 232, 97.9%). Of head and neck cancer patients diagnosed with new onset dysphagia or a dysphagia related diagnosis, nine (3.8%) were diagnosed at six months to 1 year, 12 (5.1%) at 1–2 years, and 17 (7.1%) at greater than 2 years. The mean radiation dose to the larynx was 43.8 Gy (Gy) (± 14.5) and statistically significant across time the periods (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.161). No difference was found between age, HPV status, T stage, smoking history, or tumor site. The majority of head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiation who developed dysphagia did so within the acute time period (during treatment and up to 6 months post treatment). However, a substantial proportion of patients also developed dysphagia in later time periods (16%). The incidence of dysphagia in certain time periods may be impacted by laryngeal radiation dose. Therefore, we recommend long term monitoring/screening of these patients so early intervention can occur.
Involvement of anesthesiologists in pediatric sedation and analgesia outside the operating room in Japan: is it too late, or is there still time?
Authors: Obara Soichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant existing supply–demand imbalances in anesthesia workforce, particularly impacting non-operating room anesthesia. Despite documented risks and mortality rates associated with pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia (PPSA) outside the operating room (OR), there is a pressing need for improvements in safety infrastructure. Comparative analysis with international practices reveals that anesthesiologists’ involvement is associated with fewer adverse events and improved outcomes. However, lower reimbursement rate for sedation and anesthesia workforce shortage, and decentralized health resources are contributing factors to limit their participation in PPSA outside the OR in Japan. Enhancing the involvement of anesthesiologists through the public health frameworks such as “high-risk approach” and “population approach” can contribute to improvement of the safety and quality of PPSA. By tackling these challenges and implementing effective solutions, anesthesiologists can play a key role in ensuring safer and more effective PPSA outside the OR. Future challenges include enhancing training, addressing reduced clinical exposure due to work style reform, and developing effective educational systems. Research on improved educational approaches and fundamental outcome indices is crucial for improving PPSA practices outside the OR.
Design of multi-row parallel-transmit coil arrays for enhanced SAR efficiency with deep brain electrodes at 3T: an electromagnetic simulation study
Authors: Karadeniz Nejat , Hajnal Joseph V. , Ipek Özlem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Tissue heating near the implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses a significant safety constraint. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of parallel transmit (pTx) head transmit radiofrequency (RF) coils in DBS patients, with a focus on excitation fidelity under specific absorption rate (SAR) control for brain imaging at 3T MRI.

Materials and methods
We employed electromagnetic simulations to assess different coil configurations, including multi-row pTx coils of 16–24 channels arranged in 1, 2, and 3 rows, and compared these to a circularly polarised and pTx birdcage coil using a realistic human model without and with DBS leads and electrodes.

Results
Two- and three-row pTx coils with overlapping loop elements exhibited similar performance, which was superior in excitation homogeneity and local SAR compared to the single-row coil and the birdcage coil both without and with DBS.

Discussion
These findings suggest that multi-row coils can enhance the safety and efficacy of MRI in patients with DBS devices, so potentially improving imaging performance in this expanding patient population. There was a minimal difference in performance between the 2 and 3-row coils, favouring the simpler, lower channel count design for practical implementation.