bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cdk5 increases MARK4 activity and augments pathological tau accumulation and toxicity through tau phosphorylation at Ser262
Authors: Saito Taro , Oba Toshiya , Shimizu Sawako , Asada Akiko , Iijima Koichi M , Ando Kanae 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARK) 1–4 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) are tau kinases under physiological and pathological conditions. However, their functional relationship remains elusive. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which Cdk5 activates MARK4 and augments tau phosphorylation, accumulation and toxicity. MARK4 is highly phosphorylated at multiple sites in the brain and in cultured neurons, and inhibition of Cdk5 activity reduces phosphorylation levels of MARK4. MARK4 is known to be activated by phosphorylation at its activation loop by liver kinase B1 (LKB1). In contrast, Cdk5 increased phosphorylation of MARK4 in the spacer domain, but not in the activation loop, and enhanced its kinase activity, suggesting a novel mechanism by which Cdk5 regulates MARK4 activity. We also demonstrated that co-expression of Cdk5 and MARK4 in mammalian cultured cells significantly increased the levels of tau phosphorylation at both Cdk5 target sites (SP/TP sites) and MARK target sites (Ser262), as well as the levels of total tau. Furthermore, using a Drosophila model of tau toxicity, we demonstrated that Cdk5 promoted tau accumulation and tau-induced neurodegeneration via increasing tau phosphorylation levels at Ser262 by a fly ortholog of MARK, Par-1. This study suggests a novel mechanism by which Cdk5 and MARK4 synergistically increase tau phosphorylation and accumulation, consequently promoting neurodegeneration in disease pathogenesis.
Sublobar resection is associated with decreased survival for patients with early stage large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Lutfi Waseem , Schuchert Matthew J , Dhupar Rajeev , Sarkaria Inderpal , Christie Neil A , Yang Chi-Fu J , Deng John Z , Luketich James D , Okusanya Olugbenga T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Sublobar resection (SLR) for early non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been shown to have a survival rate similar to that of lobectomy. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung, although treated like an NSCLC, has a poor prognosis compared to NSCLC. We sought to determine if outcomes are poor in patients with early stage LCNEC treated with SLR versus lobectomy.

METHODS
We searched for patients with pathological stage I LCNEC ≤3 cm within the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2014. Propensity score matching was used to compare the 5-year overall survival rate of patients having SLR (wedge or segmentectomy) to that of patients having a lobectomy. Patients were matched for age, node sampling, comorbidity score, tumour size, insurance status and other factors. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Kaplan–Meier methods were used for analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 1011 patients met the inclusion criteria: 263 were treated with SLR (223 wedges and 40 segmentectomies) and 748 patients, with lobectomy. Patients who received SLR were older, had more comorbidities and smaller tumours. On unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients who had SLR had decreased 5-year overall survival compared to those who had a lobectomy (37.9% vs 56.6%, P < 0.001). Propensity score matching (1:1) across 12 demographic and tumour variables yielded 185 patients per group with 34 segmentectomies and 151 wedge resections in the SLR cohort. On Kaplan–Meier analysis of the matched cohort, patients who had SLR had a worse 5-year overall survival rate compared to those who had a lobectomy (41.5% vs 60.3%; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
SLR for early stage LCNEC is associated with a lower 5-year overall survival rate compared to lobectomy on unadjusted and propensity matched analyses.
Development and Validation of the Strategy Inventory for Electronic Dictionary Use (S.I.E.D.U.)
Authors: Mavrommatidou Stavroula , Gavriilidou Zoe , Markos Angelos 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present paper reports results regarding the development and validation of the S.I.E.D.U., an electronic instrument for assessing users’ skills in electronic dictionary searches. The S.I.Ε.D.U. is a self-report questionnaire with 32 Likert-type items and its content development was based on a review of relevant literature, expert review and pilot testing. The scale’s construct validity is assessed by means of a preliminary exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results suggest a correlated four-factor structure: 1) familiarity with different types of electronic dictionaries and the conditions of their use; 2) strategies for lemmatization and acquaintance with dictionary conventions; 3) navigation skills; and 4) look-up strategies in new electronic environments. Internal consistency reliability of the four subscales is high and test-retest reliability is excellent. Also, the ability of the instrument to discriminate between experts and non-experts in electronic dictionary use is demonstrated. Results are discussed and implications are provided in the context of electronic lexicography.
Testing the Use of a Collocation Retrieval Tool Without Prior Training by Learners of Spanish
Authors: Alonso-Ramos Margarita , García Salido Marcos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis experimental study tests the usability of a collocation retrieval tool that combines corpus and dictionary features in order to help learners of Spanish as a Foreign Language to improve their production of collocations. More specifically, the study tests the extent to which such a tool is effective without prior training, and evaluates which of its features might be improved. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment involved Japanese-L1 learners of Spanish. One subgroup completed a gap-fill test both with and without the collocation tool, while another subgroup used electronic bilingual dictionaries instead of the collocation tool. In a second experiment, we chose a more heterogeneous group of participants with less experience in using lexicographic tools. Results show that learners do not need previous training to benefit from the collocation tool, but also that they do not check corpus examples as often as they might.
Stockpiled Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccines Induce Robust, Nonneutralizing Functional Antibodies Against Antigenically Drifted Fifth-Wave A(H7N9) Viruses
Authors: Zhong Weimin , Levine Min Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human infections caused by avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses have raised concerns of a pandemic. The capability of the current stockpiled A(H7N9) vaccines to induce cross-protective, nonneutralizing functional antibodies against antigenically drifted A(H7N9) viruses has not been evaluated before. Here we show that vaccination with either MF59- or AS03-adjuvanted inactivated A(H7N9) vaccines elicited robust, cross-reactive antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity–mediating and neuraminidase-inhibiting functional antibodies against the antigenically drifted A(H7N9) viruses that emerged recently during the fifth-wave outbreak in China, including a highly pathogenic A(H7N9) human isolate. Such cross-reactive humoral immunity may provide vital first-line defense against fatal outcomes in case of an A(H7N9) pandemic.
Lived Secularism: Studies in India and Turkey
Authors: Bigelow Anna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlaces of interreligious encounter provide opportunities to understand secularity as an experience, one that almost necessarily involves the religious other. As the meaning and operations of secularism and its entanglements with the state vary across cultural and legal systems, this is also a fruitful terrain for comparison, particularly regarding states in which the structures of governance are bound up with some form of political secularism. The case studies presented here explore formations of secularism in India and Turkey by paying attention to how the secular works in everyday life through interreligious relations at shared sacred sites. Personal understandings and experiences of multireligious coexistence oftentimes are articulated and performed through arenas of mundane interaction, giving shape and substance to otherwise abstract concepts of pluralism, secularism, and laicism. However, these ways of being secular exist within frames of intensifying religious nationalism in which the secular is being redefined by state actors and political networks to protect and promote the majority’s religious sensibilities. In this shifting landscape, secularism is reworked as a tool of the ruling parties in Turkey and India to further their religio-political agendas. Comparing cases of lived secularism in India and Turkey reveals a constellation of shifting meanings and sensibilities around sharing polities and places with religious others. Whether peacefully shared or contested, monumental or wayside, shared shrines expose the mundane ways in which the secular is a shifting signifier, sometimes evoking a political principle, sometimes an ethical ideal, and sometimes an oppressive, antireligious ideology. This article identifies what is at stake in these various formations and how each perspective on secularism comes with its own set of expectations and dispensations.
Development of a global infectious disease activity database using natural language processing, machine learning, and human expertise
Authors: Feldman Joshua , Thomas-Bachli Andrea , Forsyth Jack , Patel Zaki Hasnain , Khan Kamran 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
We assessed whether machine learning can be utilized to allow efficient extraction of infectious disease activity information from online media reports.

Materials and Methods
We curated a data set of labeled media reports (n = 8322) indicating which articles contain updates about disease activity. We trained a classifier on this data set. To validate our system, we used a held out test set and compared our articles to the World Health Organization Disease Outbreak News reports.

Results
Our classifier achieved a recall and precision of 88.8% and 86.1%, respectively. The overall surveillance system detected 94% of the outbreaks identified by the WHO covered by online media (89%) and did so 43.4 (IQR: 9.5–61) days earlier on average.

Discussion
We constructed a global real-time disease activity database surveilling 114 illnesses and syndromes. We must further assess our system for bias, representativeness, granularity, and accuracy.

Conclusion
Machine learning, natural language processing, and human expertise can be used to efficiently identify disease activity from digital media reports.
Effects of a novel corn-expressed E. coli phytase on digestibility of calcium and phosphorous, growth performance, and bone ash in young growing pigs1
Authors: Blavi Laia , Muñoz Cristhiam J , Broomhead Jonathan N , Stein Hans H 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a corn-expressed phytase increases growth performance, bone measurements, and nutrient digestibility by young growing pigs, if added to diets that are deficient in Ca and P. In Exp. 1, 60 pigs (initial BW: 10.78 ± 0.67 kg) were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments that included a positive control diet (PC; 0.70% total Ca and 0.60% total P) and a negative control diet (NC; 0.50% total Ca and 0.42% total P). Four additional diets were formulated by supplementing the NC diet with 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 phytase units (FTU)/kg. Diets were fed for 28 d and the individual BW of pigs on days 1 and 28 were recorded. Fecal samples were collected from days 25 to 27 to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P. On the last day of the experiment, all pigs were euthanized, and the left femur was removed and analyzed for ash, Ca, and P. Results indicated that growth performance, ATTD of Ca and P, and bone ash measurements were reduced (P < 0.05) in NC fed pigs compared with PC fed pigs. However, growth performance, ATTD of Ca and P, and bone ash measurements were improved (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) by including increasing concentrations of phytase to the NC diet. In Exp. 2, experimental procedures were similar to those used in Exp. 1. Forty-eight pigs (initial BW: 11.15 ± 0.85 kg) were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments in a 28-d experiment. Treatments included a PC diet, an NC diet, and 4 diets in which 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of either the corn-expressed phytase or a commercial microbial phytase were added to the NC diet. Pigs fed the NC diet had reduced (P < 0.01) final BW, ADG, G:F, and bone ash concentrations compared with pigs fed the PC diet. When 500 FTU/kg phytase was fed, no differences were observed in growth performance or bone ash measurements between phytase sources, and there were no differences in growth performance among pigs fed 1,000 FTU/kg of either phytase source or the PC diet. However, regardless of concentration or source of phytase, pigs fed the PC diet had greater (P < 0.001) amount of bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P compared with pigs fed phytase diets. In conclusion, the corn-expressed phytase is effective in improving growth performance, Ca and P digestibility, and bone measurements in pigs fed diets that are deficient in Ca and P.
Distributions and range expansions of rare or invasive species of planktonic calanoid copepods (Copepoda: Calanoida) within lakes and reservoirs in the continental United States
Authors: Beaver John R , Tausz Claudia E , Renicker Thomas R , Ordosch David M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA survey of lakes and reservoirs during the spring and summer of 2012 found that five species of calanoid copepods are invasive in the continental United States: Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907), Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick, 1879), Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880), Pseudodiaptomus forbesi (Poppe & Richard, 1890), and Sinocalanus doerri (Brehm, 1909). Two species are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Skistodiaptomus carolinensis (Yeatman, 1986) and S. sinuatus (Kincaid, 1953). Sample locations for the five invasive and two rare species are reported and compared to historical distributions. Results corroborate previous reports of range expansion for the five invasive species, indicating that these species have likely become well-established in regions into which they have recently expanded. New localities for the two rare taxa suggest a possible range expansion within the USA.
Profiling Victims of Investment Fraud: Mindsets and Risky Behaviors
Authors: Deliema Marguerite , Shadel Doug , Pak Karla 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Millions of Americans are targeted by investment scams, resulting in billions of dollars lost each year. Previous research indicates that investment fraud victims are more likely to be male, white, and married, and to have higher socioeconomic status compared to the general US population, but little research examines what behaviors and mindsets differentiate them from other investors. A telephone survey was administered to 214 investment fraud victims and 813 general investors recruited using random digit dialing. Based on the opportunity model of predatory victimization, the aim was to identify differences in investment behaviors and psychological mindsets that may affect exposure to investment scams and make individuals more attractive and susceptible targets. In addition to being older and male, victims were more materialistic than general investors and were more frequent stock traders, and purchased more investments sold through unsolicited calls, emails, television advertisements, or “free lunch” seminars, but were less likely to invest based on a social network member’s recommendation. As more retirees begin to take on managing their retirement assets, many may be tempted by unreasonable investment returns promised by unscrupulous brokers. Findings point to specific areas where investor education is needed to counteract poor investment decision-making and risky mindsets.
Probable Cause: The Influence of Prior Probabilities on Forecasts and Perceptions of Magnitude
Authors: Kupor Daniella , Laurin Kristin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Consumers’ judgments of the magnitude of benefit that a product provides increase their likelihood of purchasing it, and their judgments of the magnitude of harm that accrues from purchasing a product decrease their likelihood of purchasing it. When assessing the magnitude of a product’s potential outcome, consumers often encounter information about its probability of occurring. Ten studies demonstrate that this information biases consumers’ product decisions. Consumers both expect and perceive larger-probability outcomes to be larger in magnitude—even when they receive identical and objective information about the outcome’s actual magnitude. This bias emerges because people believe that larger probabilities emanate from more powerful causal antecedents, and in turn expect more powerful antecedents to produce larger outcomes. Moreover, this bias shapes consumers’ product decisions. Of course, it is rational for people to prefer products that promise high-probability benefits and to avoid products that produce high-probability harms. But consumers irrationally overweight this probability information because it distorts their judgments of the magnitude of products’ benefits and harms, and this distortion biases their purchase decisions.
MasterCard II: The Commission Pursues Its Antitrust Enforcement in Cross-Border Payments
Authors: Suurnäkki Sari , Rodríguez-Toquero Aymerich Jaime 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Case AT.40049 MasterCard II, Commission Decision of 22 January 2019
The European Commission finds that Mastercard’s cross-border acquiring rule limited the possibility for merchants to benefit from cheaper services offered by banks established elsewhere in the Single Market; Mastercard’s cooperation during the antitrust investigation was rewarded with a fine reduction.
Equity and the Paris Agreement: Legal and Philosophical Perspectives
Authors: Lawrence Peter , Reder Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Equity has both legal and philosophical meanings. The Paris Agreement includes important references to equity, including in relation to the global stocktake. Elaborating equity in relation to the Paris Agreement regime can be done as part of the Paris Agreement; outside the Agreement eg through climate think tanks; or not at all—viz implicitly. These options are assessed in terms of their effectiveness, legitimacy and political feasibility drawing on philosophical concepts of equity. The latter—particularly Aristotle—provides a fresh lens for interpreting understandings of equity that have developed within the Paris regime. Elaborating equity outside the Paris Agreement is the most politically feasible option, while weaker in terms of likely effectiveness. Ultimately, the Paris Agreement regime will only succeed if parties are willing to embrace Aristotle’s concept of equity in the sense of acting morally with a willingness to compromise for the greater good.
From Diagnoses to Ongoing Journey: Parent Experiences Following Congenital Heart Disease Diagnoses
Authors: Williams Tricia S , McDonald Kyla P , Roberts Samantha D , Chau Vann , Seed Mike , Miller Steven P , Sananes Renee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite improved survival among children with congenital heart disease (CHD), the risk of psychosocial difficulties remains largely unchanged with an increased emphasis of improving support for parents as a mechanism to optimize outcomes.ObjectiveUsing qualitative and quantitative methods, the current cross-sectional study examined parents' experiences at the time of their child's diagnosis, what they thought helped their child recover, barriers to support, and identified needs for future models of care.MethodThe sample included 26 parents (22 mothers, 3 fathers, and 1 mother/father pair) of children with CHD, ranging in age between 6 months and 4 years with a mean age of 2 years.ResultsQualitative results were organized around five themes: (a) They (medical team) saved my child's life, (b) My child is going to be okay, (c) Not out of the woods, (d) Optimizing support for my child and myself, and (e) What still gets in the way. Parents uniformly expressed a need for greater mental health support for their children as well as programs to improve parents' skill and confidence, with no difference between age groups (< 2 years and > 2 years of age). Common barriers to service included distance and time off work.ConclusionParents' experiences informed both acute and long term implications following CHD diagnoses, and highlight current gaps in mental health care. Direction for clinical care and improved intervention opportunities are discussed.
Transabdominal preperitoneal repair using barbed sutures for bilateral inguinal hernia in liver cirrhosis with ascites
Authors: Ohuchi Masakazu , Inaki Noriyuki , Nagakari Kunihiko , Kohama Shintaro , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Ishizaki Yoichi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The appropriate surgical treatment for inguinal hernia in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites remains controversial. A 79-year-old male undergoing treatment for Child–Pugh B hepatitis C-induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with bilateral inguinal hernia underwent transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair. During surgery, barbed sutures were used to facilitate appropriate peritoneal closure. His postoperative course was uneventful. Information on TAPP repair for inguinal hernia in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites is limited. The International Guidelines for Inguinal Hernia Management recommend Lichtenstein repair for patients with ascites. TAPP repair requires peritonectomy via a posterior endoscopic approach; therefore, proper peritoneal closure is important to prevent the leakage of ascitic fluid. Herein, TAPP repair was safely and successfully completed using barbed sutures to achieve proper and strong peritoneal closure. TAPP repair using barbed sutures can be an effective treatment option for patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.
Communication of Critical Laboratory Values: Optimization of the Process through Secure Messaging
Authors: Clavijo Alex , Fallaw David , Coule Philip , Singh Gurmukh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTimely communication of critical laboratory results is important yet cumbersome.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a new technology on the process of reporting critical laboratory results at our 480-bed, adult/children, tertiary-care, medical school–affiliated health center in the southeastern region of the United States.MethodsWe changed the process of reporting critical values by telephone only to reporting via telephone and a secure messaging app. Physician order entry, an online on-call roster for availability, and support from the C-suite (executive branch of the organization) were instrumental in implementation.ResultsConsistently, before our process changes, more than 95% of the critical laboratory results were reported in less than 30 minutes. Use of the app reduced the time taken for reporting results. The need to involve pathology residents and attending physicians in reporting has been eliminated by this process.DiscussionSecure messaging has facilitated the reporting of critical laboratory values, making it more efficient and providing a reliable record of the process. This process meets or exceeds the standards of the accrediting agencies. The method is suitable for activating rapid-response teams in case of hypercritical values.