bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Anil Sukumaran 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to present a brief review of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) along with reports of three cases with varying clinical presentations of the condition associated with the use of herbal toothpaste.

Background
PCG is a rare benign condition of the gingiva characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous and edematous gingivitis often extending to the mucogingival junction. This is considered a hypersensitive reaction. The histological appearance consists of a dense infiltration of normal plasma cells separated by collagenous stroma, usually confined to the free and attached gingiva. The lesion can be eliminated by identifying and avoiding the source of the allergen.

Report
Three patients ages 26, 27, and 36, respectively, presented with acutely inflamed gingival and a history of recently switching to herbal toothpaste. The gingiva bled readily on probing. Blood tests and gingival biopsy were not contributory. Patients were advised to refrain from the use of herbal toothpaste, and, along with periodontal treatment, the condition underwent remission within a week to two weeks in all three cases.

Summary
As more and more herbal products are gaining popularity, clinicians should be aware of some of the untoward effects of these products. Since PCG mimics lesions associated with leukemia and myeloma an early diagnosis of the condition is vital.

Citation
Anil S. Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 May;(8)4:060-066.
An Anticalculus Dentifrice with Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Stannous Fluoride: A Six-month Study of Efficacy
Authors: Winston J. Leslie , Schiff Thomas , Fiedler Susan K. , Baker Robert A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the anticalculus efficacy of an experimental dentifrice (0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride/ sodium hexametaphosphate) with a negative control.Methods and MaterialsThis was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel group study. After a three-month run-in, qualifying subjects were randomized to the experimental or control dentifrice to use twice a day for six months. Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI) and oral soft tissue examinations were conducted at baseline, three, and six months. Additional analyses were performed separately at three and six months on three subgroups categorized into high, medium, and low calculus-forming subjects.ResultsCompared to the control group, the experimental dentifrice group had a mean calculus score statistically significantly lower at both three months (50%) and six months (55%) post-treatment (p<0.001). Compared to control scores, mean experimental dentifrice calculus scores at three and six months were statistically significantly lower at both points in time for high, medium, and low calculus forming sub-groups (p<0.001). Both products were generally well tolerated.ConclusionThe experimental dentifrice revealed significant anticalculus efficacy compared to the control regardless of levels of baseline calculus formation.Clinical SignificanceThe stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice technology is an effective calculus inhibitor for home care.CitationWinston JL, Fiedler SK, Schiff T, Baker RA. An Anticalculus Dentifrice with Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Stannous Fluoride: A Six-month Study of Efficacy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:001-008.
The Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of Polymerization of Composite Resin
Authors: Awliya Wedad Y. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the efficacy of polymerization during the insertion of composite resin using different light curing units.

Methods and Materials
A total of 45 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from Z250 composite resin (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) with 15 each prepared at three different temperatures (refrigerated to 5°C, room temperature at 25°C, and preheated to 37°C). Each of these temperature-controlled specimen groups of 15 were then subdivided into three groups of five specimens, according to the type of curing light used to polymerize them. Curing lights included a conventional halogen light (QTH) in two modes (continuous and softstart polymerization) and a light emitting diode (LED). The microhardness of the top and bottom surfaces of the specimens was determined using a Buehler Micromet II digital microhardness tester (Buehler, Dusseldorf, Germany). Data obtained was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Post Hoc Tukey's test at a 0.05 significance level.

Results
As the temperature of composite resin increased, the top and bottom microhardness of the specimens also increased regardless of the type of polymerizing light used. The LED light produced a significantly better hardness on top and bottom surfaces of composite resin specimens polymerized at the three different temperatures. Effectiveness of cure at top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens was significantly reduced by using soft-start curing.

Conclusion
The use of pre-warmed composite resins might help to improve polymerization of composite resin especially at the deeper areas of a restoration which could result in an increase in the expected life of a composite restoration.

Citation
Awliya WY. The Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of Polymerization of Composite Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:009-016.
The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface Substrate: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation
Authors: Owens Barry M. , Kitchens Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
Using scanning electron and light microscopy, this study qualitatively evaluated the erosive potential of carbonated cola beverages as well as sports and high-energy drinks on enamel surface substrate.

Methods and Materials
Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic®, Diet Coke®, Gatorade® sports drink, Red Bull® high-energy drink, and tap water (control). Extracted human permanent molars free of hypocalcification and/or caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and sectioned longitudinally from the buccal to the lingual surface. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin, leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. Following finishing and polishing of all surfaces, one side was covered with red nail varnish while the remaining side was exposed to individual beverage immersion for 14 days, 24 hours per day, at 37°C. The specimens were evaluated for enamel surface changes using scanning electron and light microscopy.

Results
Enamel specimens exhibited visual surface changes following immersion in the test beverages with Red Bull® and Gatorade® revealing the most striking surface morphological changes. Specimens subjected to Coca Cola Classic® and Diet Coke® immersion also displayed irregular post-treatment surface morphology.

Conclusions
As verified by microscopic evaluation, all test beverages displayed enamel dissolution in the following order: Red Bull®>Gatorade®>Coca-Cola Classic®>Diet Coke®.

Citation
Owens BM, Kitchens M. The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface Substrate: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:011-020.
Temperature Rise Produced by Different Light-curing Units through Dentin
Authors: Yazici A. Rüya , Kugel Gerard , Müftü Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
This study investigated the temperature rise caused by different light curing units and the temperature increase in dentin of different thicknesses.

Methods and Materials
Dentin discs of 1.0 and 2.0 mm thicknesses were prepared from extracted human mandibular molars. Temperatures were recorded directly at the surface of the light guide tip, under dentin discs with different thicknesses, and through a sandwich composed of 2 mm thick cured composite and dentin using a K-type thermocouple. The curing units used were two quartz-tungsten-halogen lights (Spectrum and Elipar Trilight-ET) and a light-emitting diode (LED).

Results
The highest temperature rise was observed under a Mylar strip using ET standard mode. Under 1 and 2 mm thick dentin barriers, the lowest temperature rise was measured for the LED curing light. Significant differences in temperature rise existed among all curing units except between the Spectrum and ET exponential modes under a 1 mm thick dentin barrier with cured composite. Temperature rises were insignificant between the Spectrum and ET exponential modes and between two modes of Trilight when the same experimental setup was used under a 2 mm thick dentin barrier.

Conclusion
For all curing units, temperature elevation through 2 mm of dentin was less than for 1 mm of dentin thickness. The ET standard mode produced the highest and the LED produced the lowest temperature rise for all tested conditions. The thickness of dentin and light-curing unit might affect temperature transmission.

Citation
Yazici AR, Müftü A, Kugel G. Temperature Rise Produced by Different Light-curing Units through Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:021-028.
Effect of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and a Self-etching Dentin Adhesive on Marginal Leakage of Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Alavi Samin , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh , Alavi Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of Class II amalgam restorations whose preparations were lined with a resin-based desensitizing agent, a self-etching adhesive system, and copal varnish.

Methods and Materials
Fifty-six freshly extracted human premolar teeth were divided into four groups. A Class II preparation was prepared with only a proximal box on the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth. The cavities in one group were lined with a desensitizing agent (VivaSens™) and a second group with an adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond™). A third group was lined with copal varnish (Copalite™) and a fourth group was used as the control without any cavity liner. Spherical high copper amalgam was hand-condensed into each preparation, specimens were thermocycled, stained, and sectioned. Microleakage was graded using a stereomicroscope. Microleakage scores were calculated and analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05).

Results
Less microleakage was indicated with the VivaSens™ liner when compared with the other groups (P<0. 05). Clearfil S3 Bond™ showed less microleakage than the control group (P<0.05), but the leakage with copal varnish and Clearfil S3 Bond™ was similar (P>0.05).

Conclusion
VivaSens™ reduced the microleakage of Class II high copper amalgam restorations significantly more than the Clearfil S3 Bond™ and copal varnish.

Citation
Ghavamnasiri M, Alavi M, Alavi S. Effect of a Resin-based Desensitizing Agent and a Self-etching Dentin Adhesive on Marginal Leakage of Amalgam Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:054-061.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations
Authors: Ozel Emre , Dikbas Idil , Tanalp Jale , Koksal Temel , Ersoy Mustafa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with quartz fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns when different types of ferrule designs were incorporated.

Methods and Materials
Sixty maxillary incisors were divided into six groups: Group 1 (control): teeth with root canal treatments having a full crown prosthesis; Group 2: teeth with a 2 mm circumferential ferrule; Group 3: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the vestibular region; Group 4: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the palatal region; Group 5: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule in the vestibular and palatal region, having cavities in both proximal areas; and Group 6: teeth with no ferrule. The teeth in the experimental groups were restored with quartz fiber posts-composite cores and full metallic crowns. All experimental teeth were subjected to an increasing compressive force with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture occurred.

Results
The median fracture values of groups were as follows: Group 1: 574.4 N, Group 2: 472.4 N, Group 3: 474.3 N, Group 4: 480.7 N, Group 5: 463.1 N, and Group 6: 297.9 N. A statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 6 (p< 0.01).

Conclusion
It was concluded different ferrule designs did not have any influence on the fracture resistance of teeth with fiber posts. The results of this study indicate fiber posts can safely be used for their reinforcing properties. Furthermore, there is no significant change in the resistance of teeth with fiber posts regardless of which ferrule design is incorporated. The property of these types of posts is an additional advantage in clinical practice.

Citation
Dikbas I, Tanalp J, Ozel E, Koksal T, Ersoy M. Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:062-069.
An Accessory Mental Foramen: A Case Report
Authors: Çağirankaya Leyla Berna , Kansu Hilmi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen (AMF).

Background
The mental foramen is an important anatomical structure of particular importance in local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Although rare, multiple mental foramina have been described in humans. In these cases one foramen is termed the mental foramen and the others are referred to as an AMF.

Report
A 62-year-old woman presented for a routine dental examination. In addition to the normal radiographic image of the mental foramen, periapical radiographs of the left mandibular premolar and molar region revealed a round-shaped radiolucency with distinct borders along with an inferior extension below the apex of the mesial root of the first molar. This image was considered to be an AMF.

Summary
Although no surgical operation was planned, the patient was informed about the existence and importance of the anatomical variation with regard to the need for local anesthesia, diagnosis of periapical disease, and the prevention of nerve damage during surgery in that area of the mandible.

Citation
Çağirankaya LB, Kansu HK. An Accessory Mental Foramen: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:098-104.
Comparison of the Effect of Hydrogel and a Solution of Sodium Ascorbate on Dentincomposite Bond Strength After Bleaching
Authors: Kimyai Soodabeh , Valizadeh Hadi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of solution and different sodium ascorbate hydrogels on dentin-resin composite shear bond strength subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Methods and Materials
Sixty buccal dentin surfaces obtained from intact human third molars were randomly divided into five groups (n=12). Dentin surfaces received different treatments: (1) no treatment; (2) bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide gel); (3) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate solution; (4) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel, and (5) bleaching + 20% sodium ascorbate hydrogel. Dentin surfaces were bonded with Single Bond™ and restored with a composite (Z100). The samples were tested for shear bond strengths. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests.

Results
Significantly higher bond strengths were observed subsequent to treatment with hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate (p<0.05). No significant differences were demonstrated between different forms of sodium ascorbate preparations. In addition, no significant differences were observed among groups with antioxidant treatment (Groups 3, 4, and 5) and Group 1 (no treatment).

Conclusion
Reduced bond strength to bleached dentin can be amended by the use of sodium ascorbate as an antioxidant.

Clinical Significance
Both hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate can significantly improve the reduced bond strength of resin composite to dentin subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Citation
Kimyai S, Valizadeh H. Comparison of the Effect of Hydrogel and a Solution of Sodium Ascorbate on Dentin-composite Bond Strength After Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:105-112.
Dental Caries in Relation to Salivary Factors in Saudi Population Groups
Authors: Farsi Najat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to register caries trends in relation to some risk factors such as oral hygiene, salivary level of streptococcus mutans (SM), lactobacilli (LB), yeast, salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and fluoride level among different age groups of a Saudi population. The study also aimed at determining which of the salivary factors correlate significantly to caries.

Methods and Materials
A random sample of 312 subjects belonging to age groups six-11, 12-17, and 18-40 years were selected from patients attending the screening dental clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Patients were examined clinically to measure the caries experience using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and oral hygiene levels using the Green and Vermillion method. Resting and stimulated saliva were collected to determine flow rate, fluoride, pH, buffering capacity as well as salivary level of SM, LB and yeast.

Results
The mean DMFT was 7.59. Females as well as the older age group of patients were more affected than males and younger patients. The only salivary factor showing a significant relationship to caries was pH. Counts of SM and LB correlated positively with DMFT scores. Significant higher plaque scores were present among the highest caries level group.

Conclusion
The results stress the importance of screening for caries risk factors. The screening starts with simple clinical observations, expanding to a diversified pattern of tests to assess the pH level and SM and LB counts designed to target high-risk subjects who should be given the most intensive caries preventive measures.

Citation
Farsi N. Dental Caries in Relation to Salivary Factors in Saudi Population Groups. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:016-023.
The Effect of Topical Application of Pure Honey on Radiation-induced Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Motallebnejad M. , Akram S. , Moghadamnia A. , Moulana Z. , Omidi S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
Radiation-induced mucositis is an early effect of head and neck radiotherapy. Mucositis can cause ulcers, and patients may experience pain and dysphasia which need treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pure natural honey on radiation induced mucositis.

Methods and Materials
In this randomized single blind (examiner blind) clinical trial 40 patients with head and neck cancer requiring radiation to the oropharyngeal mucosa were randomly assigned to two groups. Twenty patients assigned to the study group received honey, while both the study and control groups received standard head and neck radiation therapy based on a standard protocol. In the study group patients were instructed to take 20 ml of honey 15 minutes before radiation therapy, then again at intervals of 15 minutes and six hours after radiation. In the control group patients were instructed to rinse with 20 ml of saline before and after radiation. Patients were evaluated weekly for progression of mucositis using the Oral Mucositis Assessing Scale (OMAS). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests.

Results
A significant reduction in mucositis among honey-received patients compared with controls (p=0.000) occurred.

Conclusion
Within the limits of this study the results showed the application of natural honey is effective in managing radiation induced mucositis.

Clinical Significance
Natural honey is a product with rich nutritional qualities that could be a pleasant, simple, and economic modality for the management of radiation mucositis.

Citation
Motallebnejad M, Akram S, Moghadamnia A, Moulana Z, Omidi S. The Effect of Topical Application of Pure Honey on Radiation-induced Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:040-047.
Review of Over-the-counter Treatments for Aphthous Ulceration and Results from Use of a Dissolving Oral Patch Containing Glycyrrhiza Complex Herbal Extract
Authors: Burgess Jeff , Van der Ven Peter , Martin Michael , Sherman Jeffrey , Haley Jeff 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to present a review of over-the-counter (OTC) treatment strategies used for aphthous ulcerations and to provide results from the use of an herbal extract containing glycyrrhiza.

Background
Aphthous ulceration, a disease of the intra-oral mucosa, is a common condition of unknown etiology that is often self-managed by OTC (no prescription required) medication.

Review
Preparations currently on the market can be divided into several categories: local anesthetic agents, oxygenating agents, mouth rinses, and barriers - further subdivided into paste coverings such as gels or dissolvable or non-dissolvable adhesive patches containing plant extract or synthetic drugs. Other strategies include herbs, hematinic replacement, or off-label OTC drug applications. While many OTC treatments are available and accepted for use with aphthous ulceration, a review of the literature via a number of published research search engines suggests that to date there are no randomized controlled studies to demonstrate OTC preparations do more than manage symptoms. Exceptions include OTC cyanoacrylate products and CankerMelts® GX patches which include glycyrrhiza (licorice) extract. The use of CankerMelts has been shown to alter the course of the condition by reducing lesion duration, size, and pain.

Summary
The results of the studies reviewed here suggest CankerMelts GX discs may be as effective as amlexanox (which must be prescribed) in reducing pain and speeding healing. In addition it can be applied by the patient without the adverse events associated with cyanoacrylate formulations.

Citation
Burgess J, van der Ven P, Martin M, Sherman J, Haley J. Review of Over-the-counter Treatments for Aphthous Ulceration and Results from Use of a Dissolving Oral Patch Containing Glycyrrhiza Complex Herbal Extract. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:088-098.