bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposed methodology for evaluating the quality of performance management systems
Authors: Sales Xavier 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology for evaluating the quality of an organization’s performance management system.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a theoretical development based in extant literature, using a field study to illustrate the application of the methodology in assessing the quality of the performance management system of the case company.

Findings
The study presents performance management systems as a network of interconnected elements instead of elements that follow a lineal sequence. The more consistently aligned the elements of this network, the more likely it is to be able to influence behaviours and decisions in desirable ways.

Research limitations/implications
The development requires its use by practitioners and researchers assessing the performance management systems of organizations to assess further implications. It stresses the need to differentiate the purpose of performance management systems from the objectives of the organization.

Practical implications
The tentative application of the methodology suggests that it provides a helpful tool for practitioners and researchers to assess the functionality of systems in place and to identify opportunities for improvement.

Originality/value
The methodology overcomes the two limitations of previous studies. First, it uses a holistic approach and does not focus on specific tools; second, it assesses the quality of the system, not from future company results that might be influenced by other variables, but from the consistency and alignment of the elements of the system.
Hedging performance and the heterogeneity among market participants
Authors: Lai Yihao , Chung Wei-Shih , Chen Jiaming 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to apply the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) model to minimum-variance hedge ratio estimation and compares the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of a conventional rolling ordinary-least-square (OLS) hedging model. Moreover, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity of investors with different trading frequency in forming the expectation for the spot volatility, futures volatility and the covariance in the market.

Design/methodology/approach
Use HAR-RV to form expectations of participants of spots and futures market for the next period volatility based on two parts. One is the current observable realized volatility at the same time scale. The other is the expectation for the next longer time scale horizon volatility. Compare hedging performance with rolling OLS model and HAR-RV model. Present a three-times-scale-length (daily, weekly and monthly) HAR-RV model for the spot and futures returns and volatility to analyze the relationship between the hedging performance and the heterogeneity among participants in each market.

Findings
The empirical results show that HAR-RV model outperforms the rolling OLS in terms of variance reduction and expected utility in the out-of-sample period. The results also indicate that the greater variance reduction occurs when investors with different trading frequency have a less heterogeneous expectation for spot volatility and more heterogeneous expectation for futures volatility and the covariance. In addition, the expected utility increases along with lower heterogeneity in spot volatility and higher in futures volatility and the covariance. Hedging performance improves along with decreasing heterogeneity of investors in spot volatility and increasing heterogeneity in futures volatility and the covariance.

Originality/value
This paper considers the heterogeneity of participants in spot and futures market, the authors apply HAR-RV model to MVHR estimation and compare the hedging performance of presenting a model with that of conventional rolling OLS hedging model, providing more evidence in hedging literature. This paper analyzes in depth the relationship between hedging performance and the heterogeneity in the market.
Further insights into the oil and equity market relationship
Authors: Belhassine Olfa , Ben Bouzid Amira 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks and the impact of oil price volatility on the Eurozone’s supersector returns, with a particular emphasis on the impact of the subprime crisis and the euro debt crisis (EDC) on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data consist of daily observations of the 19 EURO STOXX supersector indices and the Brent crude oil price index for the period January 2001 to August 2015. This paper uses a non-linear multifactor market model. This model accounts for heteroscedasticity and breakpoints that are identified by the Bai and Perron (1998, 2003) tests.FindingsThe results show that supersector returns are sensitive to oil price shocks. However, in most cases, their responsiveness to oil price volatility is not significant. The relationship between oil price shocks and supersector returns changes through time and depends on the sector. Financial turbulence affects the oil-stock market nexus. In most cases, the subprime crisis has had a positive impact on the oil-stock market relationship, whereas the EDC has had an overall negative effect. Before the subprime crisis, there is an evidence of asymmetric effects for some supersectors. Meanwhile, for most sectors, the asymmetric effects disappear after 2008.Originality/valueThe study improves understanding of the interaction between oil price risk and the Eurozone sector indices returns. Furthermore, it enables global investors to manage the risk inherent to the portfolio managers’ positions.
A fast ELM-based machine compression scheme for underwater image transmission on a low-bandwidth acoustic channel
Authors: Zhang Shujing , Zhang Manyu , Cui Yujie , Liu Xingyue , He Bo , Chen Jiaxing 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a fast machine compression scheme, which can solve the problem of low-bandwidth transmission for underwater images.

Design/methodology/approach
This fast machine compression scheme mainly consists of three stages. Firstly, raw images are fed into the image pre-processing module, which is specially designed for underwater color images. Secondly, a divide-and-conquer (D&C) image compression framework is developed to divide the problem of image compression into a manageable size. And extreme learning machine (ELM) is introduced to substitute for principal component analysis (PCA), which is a traditional transform-based lossy compression algorithm. The execution time of ELM is very short, thus the authors can compress the images at a much faster speed. Finally, underwater color images can be recovered from the compressed images.

Findings
Experiment results show that the proposed scheme can not only compress the images at a much faster speed but also maintain the acceptable perceptual quality of reconstructed images.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a fast machine compression scheme, which combines the traditional PCA compression algorithm with the ELM algorithm. Moreover, a pre-processing module and a D&C image compression framework are specially designed for underwater images.
UV-induced photosensing characteristics of SiC and GaN nanowires
Authors: Teker Kasif , Ali Yassir A. , Uzun Ali 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate photosensing characteristics of SiC and GaN nanowire-based devices through exposure to UV light. The photocurrent transients have been modeled to determine rise and decay process time constants. The 1D-semiconductor nanowires can exhibit higher light sensitivity compared to bulk materials because of their large surface area to volume ratio and the quantum size effects.

Design/methodology/approach
Nanowire devices have been fabricated through dielectrophoresis for integrating nanowires onto pre-patterned electrodes (10 nm Ti/ 90 nm Au) with a spacing about 3 µm onto SiO2/Si (doped) substrate. The photocurrent measurements were carried out under room temperature conditions with UV light of 254 nm wavelength.

Findings
SiCNWs yield very short rise and decay time constants of 1.3 and 2.35 s, respectively. This fast response indicates an enhanced surface recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Conversely, GaNNWs yield longer rise and decay time constants of 10.3 and 15.4 s, respectively. This persistent photocurrent suggests a reduced surface recombination process for the GaNNWs.

Originality/value
High selective UV light sensitivity, small size, very short response time, low power consumption and high efficiency are the most important features of nanowire-based devices for new and superior applications in photodetectors, photovoltaics, optical switches, image sensors and biological and chemical sensing.
Use, cost, and digital divide in online public health care: lessons from Denmark
Authors: Andersen Kim Normann , Nielsen Jeppe Agger , Kim Soonhee 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the knowledge about the use of online communication between patients and health-care professionals in public health care. The study explores digital divide gaps and the impacts of online communication on the overall costs of health care.

Design/methodology/approach
This study focuses on online health care in Denmark. The authors rely on population data from 3,500 e-visits (e-mail consultations) between patients and general practitioners (GPs) from 2009 to 2015. Additionally, they include survey data on the use of the internet to search for health-related information.

Findings
The analysis of the Danish data reveals a rapid uptake in the use of the internet to search for health-related information and a three-fold increase in e-visits from 2009 to 2015. The results show that the digital divide gaps exist also in the online health-care communication. Further, the study findings suggest that enforced supply of online communication between GPs and patients does not alleviate the costs. Rather, the number of visits to GPs has not been decreased significantly and health-care costs showing a marginal increase.

Research limitations/implications
Further data should be collected and analyzed to explore the impacts of other institutional factors and population cohort on the digital divide and healthcare costs. Also, it is difficult to estimate whether the increased use of online health care in the long run lead to lowering overall health-care costs. While the internal validity of the study is high due to the use of population data, the external validity is lower as the study results are based on the data collected in Denmark only.

Practical implications
The study offers important input for practice. First, leaders in government might reconsider how they can control the health-care costs when opening online channels for communication between patients and doctors. Second, concerns about digital divide issues remains, but the study suggests that the uptake of e-visits does not widen the socio-economic, gender or age gaps. For health policy concern, this is encouraging news to lead to an increasing push of online communication.

Social implications
The dynamics of online health-care communication may lead to mixed results and unexpected impacts on overall health-care costs.

Originality/value
The paper offers new insights in the impacts of mandatory supply of digital services. The Danish push-strategy has led to an enforced supply of e-visits and a rapid growing use of the online health care without widening digital divide but at the risk of potential increasing the overall costs.
Transformative potential of events – the case of gay ski week in Queenstown, New Zealand
Authors: Coetzee Willem J.L. , Liu Xiang Neo , Filep Crystal V. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Previous research has explored a relatively narrow representation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and queer (LGBTQ) community. Yet modern event attendees are part of a diverse niche group within the broader LGBTQ community. This group comprises a wide range of event attendees in search of more than sex, clubs and feather boas. This paper aims to report on empirical research conducted in Queenstown, New Zealand, during the 2016 Gay Ski Week (GSW) and explores the transformative, inclusive potential of event places, social atmospheres and experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
Ethnographic and autoethnographic research methods were used in this study for the exploration of transformative tourism experiences. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews, observations and one of the author’s immersive experiences of the event. This author was able to bridge the divide between research and participant, contributing to a contextualised understanding of various participants’ subjective realities.

Findings
The paper reports on and discusses empirical findings, which are organised under the meta-themes of place and social atmosphere, attendee experiences, acceptance and inclusivity.

Research limitations/implications
From these themes emerge a broader understanding of how LGBTQ tourism events can contribute to transformative, inclusive experiences.

Originality/value
This paper explores the need for event managers to revisit and adapt to the demographic, motivational and behavioural characteristics of the modern gay event attendee. In particular, this paper discovers the motivations of Asian gay attendees as a marginalised community within a traditional LGBTQ event in a traditional heterosexual destination.
Personalized and cued advertising aimed at children
Authors: Daems Kristien , De Keyzer Freya , De Pelsmacker Patrick , Moons Ingrid 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of personalization of advertising and adding an advertising cue to advertisements on Facebook, on 9-to-13-year-old children’s awareness of selling intent, attitude towards the advertisement (Aad) and word-of-mouth (WOM) intention.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 (personalized ad vs non-personalized ad) × 2 (advertising cue vs no advertising cue) between-subjects design was tested among 167 Belgian children aged 9-13 by means of an in-class online experiment.

Findings
Personalization combined with an advertising cue increases the awareness of selling intent but influences neither Aad nor WOM intention. Awareness of selling intent does not affect WOM intention. Personalization does not increase Aad. Aad has a positive effect on WOM intention.

Research limitations/implications
Implementing a clear advertising cue enhances children’s awareness of selling intent of personalized advertising but does not affect behavioral intention. Public policy, the advertising community and the educational system should take these insights into account when developing regulations, ethical advertisements and educational packages to improve children’s understanding and responses to contemporary advertising formats.

Originality/value
The study is the first one to investigate the joint effect of advertising personalization and an advertising cue on awareness of selling intent and on evaluative and behavioral responses of children. Additionally, the role of Aad and awareness of selling intent for the development of WOM intention is explored.
Extreme site fidelity as an optimal strategy in an unpredictable and homogeneous environment
Authors: Gerber Brian D. , Hooten Mevin B. , Peck Christopher P. , Rice Mindy B. , Gammonley James H. , Apa Anthony D. , Davis Amy J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Animal site fidelity structures space use, population demography and ultimately gene flow. Understanding the adaptive selection for site fidelity patterns provides a mechanistic understanding to both spatial and population processes. This can be achieved by linking space use with environmental variability (spatial and temporal) and demographic parameters. However, rarely is the environmental context that drives the selection for site fidelity behaviour fully considered.

We use ecological theory to understand whether the spatial and temporal variability in breeding site quality can explain the site fidelity behaviour and demographic patterns of Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus). We examined female site fidelity patterns across multiple spatial scales: proximity of consecutive year nest locations, space‐use overlap within and across the breeding and brooding seasons, and fidelity to a breeding patch. We also examined the spatial and temporal variability in nest, chick, juvenile and adult survival.

We found Gunnison sage‐grouse to be site faithful to their breeding patch, area of use within the patch and generally where they nest, suggesting an “Always Stay” site fidelity strategy. This is an optimal evolutionary strategy when site quality is unpredictable. Further, we found limited spatial variability in survival within age groups, suggesting little demographic benefit to moving among patches. We suggest Gunnison sage‐grouse site fidelity is driven by the unpredictability of predation in a relatively homogeneous environment, the lack of benefits and likely costs to moving across landscape patches and leaving known lek and breeding/brooding areas.

Space use and demography are commonly studied separately. More so, site fidelity patterns are rarely framed in the context of ecological theory, beyond questions related to the win‐stay:lose‐switch rule. To move beyond describing patterns and understand the adaptive selection driving species movements and their demographic consequences require integrating movement, demography and environmental variability in a synthetic framework.

Site fidelity theory provides a coherent framework to simultaneously investigate the spatial and population ecology of animal populations. Using it to frame ecological questions will lead to a more mechanistic understanding of animal movement, spatial population structuring and meta‐population dynamics.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The Outbreak of Fentanyl‐Related Deaths in Cook County, Illinois, Between October 2015 and December 2017: A Retrospective Study and a Comparison with Previous Data
Authors: Serinelli Serenella , White Steven , Arunkumar Ponni , Wang Dongliang , Gitto Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe National Institute on Drug Abuse has observed an increase in fentanyl deaths in the United States. One epidemic related to the abuse of fentanyl happened in Cook County in 2005–2007 (350 deaths). Another outbreak of fentanyl deaths occurred in 2015–2017 in the same area. The database of the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office was searched for cases of fentanyl deaths between 2015 and 2017: 1244 deaths were found. A comparison was performed with the previous data: an increase in the number of females was observed in 2015–2017. Also, in 2005–2007, the majority of deaths occurred among African American, while in 2015–2017, Caucasians were more involved. Within our population, some drug combinations were more common in specific demographic subgroups (male/females; Caucasian/African American; and certain age groups). The epidemiology and the most significant drug associations found at the toxicology are discussed, highlighting the usefulness of the knowledge about this outbreak for public health.
Early emergence of mcr‐1‐positive Enterobacteriaceae in gulls from Spain and Portugal
Authors: Ahlstrom Christina A. , Ramey Andrew M. , Woksepp Hanna , Bonnedahl Jonas 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe tested extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing bacteria from wild gulls (Larus spp.) sampled in 2009 for the presence of mcr‐1. We report the detection of mcr‐1 and describe genome characteristics of four Escherichia coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Spain and Portugal that also exhibited colistin resistance. Results represent the earliest evidence for colistin‐resistant bacteria in European wildlife.
The prognostic implications of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement for the long‐term outcomes of patients with resected lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kim Hyungjin , Lee Hyun‐Ju , Hong Hyunsook , Kim Young Jae , Kim Kwang Gi , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Young Tae 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundTo investigate the prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement for the overall survival (OS) of patients with surgically treated lung adenocarcinomas.MethodsA total of 689 patients with stage I–III lung adenocarcinomas (male:female = 334:355; median age, 64 years) underwent complete surgical resection between 2007 and 2013. The prognostic impact of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement on OS was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Certain clinicopathological prognostic factors (i.e., age, sex, smoking status, nodule type, solid portion size, pathologic stage, adenocarcinoma subtype, and history of adjuvant chemotherapy) were included for adjustments of the hazard ratio (HR).Results
EGFR mutation was observed in 438 patients (64%) and ALK rearrangement was seen in 28 patients (4%). Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression demonstrated that the prognostic effect of EGFR mutation on OS differed by age (HR, exp.[−5.199 + 0.064*age]). The adjusted HR for EGFR mutation was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.05–0.36; P < 0.001) at 50 years, 0.26 (95% CI: 0.15–0.46; P < 0.001) at 60 years, and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.31–0.81; P = 0.005) at 70 years. However, the effect of ALK rearrangement on OS was without statistical significance (P > 0.05).Conclusions
EGFR mutation was independently prognostic of the long‐term outcomes of patients with surgically treated lung adenocarcinomas. A more favorable prognostic effect was seen in younger than in older patients. ALK rearrangement was not associated with OS.
Minimizing the impact of biologging devices: Using computational fluid dynamics for optimizing tag design and positioning
Authors: Kay William P. , Naumann David S. , Bowen Hannah J. , Withers Simon J. , Evans Benjamin J. , Wilson Rory P. , Stringell Thomas B. , Bull James C. , Hopkins Phil W. , Börger Luca 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Biologging devices are used ubiquitously across vertebrate taxa in studies of movement and behavioural ecology to record data from organisms without the need for direct observation. Despite the dramatic increase in the sophistication of this technology, progress in reducing the impact of these devices to animals is less obvious, notwithstanding the implications for animal welfare. Existing guidelines focus on tag weight (e.g. the ‘5% rule'), ignoring aero/hydrodynamic forces in aerial and aquatic organisms, which can be considerable. Designing tags to minimize such impact for animals moving in fluid environments is not trivial, as the impact depends on the position of the tag on the animal, as well as its shape and dimensions.

We demonstrate the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling to optimize the design and positioning of biologgers on marine animals, using the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) as a model species. Specifically, we investigate the effects of (a) tag form, (b) tag size, and (c) tag position and quantify the impact under frontal hydrodynamic forces, as encountered by seals swimming at sea.

By comparing a conventional versus a streamlined tag, we show that the former can induce up to 22% larger drag for a swimming seal; to match the drag of the streamlined tag, the conventional tag would have to be reduced in size by 50%. For the conventional tag, the drag induced can differ by up to 11% depending on the position along the seal's body, whereas for the streamlined tag this difference amounts to only 5%.

We conclude by showing how the CFD simulation approach can be used to optimize tag design to reduce drag for aerial and aquatic species, including issues such as the impact of lateral currents (unexplored until now). We also provide a step‐by‐step guide to facilitate the implementation of CFD in biologging tag design.