bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life exposure to gut microbiota from disease‐protected mice does not impact disease outcome in type 1 diabetes susceptible NOD mice
Authors: Mullaney Jane A , Stephens Juliette E , Geeling Brooke E , Hamilton‐Williams Emma E 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe microbial community making up the gut microbiota can profoundly influence intestinal homeostasis and immune system development, and is believed to influence the development of complex diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice have been shown to harbor a distinct microbiota to disease‐protected mice. We hypothesized that the T1D susceptible genetic background of NOD mice would be resistant to the introduction of a C57BL/6‐derived microbiota. NOD and C57BL/6 mice were cohoused either continually from birth, from birth until weaning or from weaning onwards, allowing transfer of microbiota between the mice. Cohousing NOD with C57BL/6 mice from before birth, resulted in moderate changes to the gut microbiota, whereas initiating cohousing at weaning only led to minimal changes. Terminating cohousing at weaning reduced the changes in the microbiota composition. However, diabetes onset was not significantly delayed and there was no reduction in intestinal inflammation or the proportion of regulatory T cells in the cohoused NOD mice. However, insulin but not islet‐specific glucose‐6‐phosphatase catalytic subunit‐related protein‐specific CD8+ T cells were reduced by cohousing suggesting an epitope‐specific modulation of the autoreactive response by the gut microbiota. These results suggest that the T1D susceptible genetic background of the NOD mouse was resistant to the introduction of a C57BL/6‐derived microbiota.
Family‐focused practice with EASE: A practice framework for strengthening recovery when mental health consumers are parents
Authors: Foster Kim , Goodyear Melinda , Grant Anne , Weimand Bente , Nicholson Joanne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a framework for essential family‐focused practices (EASE: Engage, Assess, Support, Educate) for clinicians to support parents with mental illness in the context of their family. The framework is underpinned by relational recovery as the parent/consumer's recovery is considered within the context of their relationships, including the relationship between clinician and parent/consumer. The central aim is to strengthen nurses’ and other clinicians’ capacity to address key psychosocial needs of parents and to strengthen relational recovery in families where parents have mental illness. The EASE framework is a theory and evidence‐informed family practice approach to relational recovery within healthcare provision. The EASE practice components are defined and illustrated with practice exemplars that operationalize the framework within adult service settings. Potential applications and outcomes of using EASE are also described. The framework is intended as a practical guide for working with parents and families in inpatient and community mental health settings and may also be relevant for clinicians in a range of contexts including child welfare and primary health care.
Multimarker response to salinity stress in two estuarine bivalves of different genetic diversity: Mya arenaria and Limecola balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Lasota Rafal , Sokolowski Adam , Smolarz Katarzyna , Sromek Ludmila , Dublinowska Magdalena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe estuarine bivalves Limecola balthica and Mya arenaria are common inhabitants of marine soft bottom habitats in the Northern Hemisphere. Both species are able to live under a wide range of environmental conditions including variable salinity. However, in L. balthica there is high genetic variability, and populations are often genetically adapted to local conditions. By contrast, genetic diversity in M. arenaria is low across the species’ geographic range, which attests to acclimatization to different conditions. We hypothesized that individuals of M. arenaria should perform better under osmotic stress. We tested this hypothesis by performing a 5‐week experiment that exposed individuals of both clam species to hypo‐ and hyperosmotic conditions. A multiple biomarker approach that included physiological, biochemical, and histological markers was used to assess bivalve performance. Exposure to the different salinities induced biological responses that particularly affected respiratory activity in both species tested, but these responses were much more pronounced in individuals of L. balthica. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the phenotypic plasticity of M. arenaria was more pronounced and reflected a different strategy of adapting to heterogeneous habitats.
Cross‐European validation of the ItchyQoL in pruritic dermatoses
Authors: Zeidler C. , Steinke S. , Riepe C. , Bruland P. , Soto‐Rey I. , Storck M. , Garcovich S. , Blome C. , Bobko S. , Legat F.J. , Potekaev N. , Lvov A. , Misery L. , Weger W. , Reich A. , Şavk E. , Streit M. , Serra‐Baldrich E. , Szepietowski J.C. , Yosipovitch G. , Chen S.C. , Dugas M. , Ständer S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic pruritus (CP) is a frequently occurring symptom in inflammatory dermatoses, causing a high burden and limitations to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).ObjectiveThe ItchyQoL was developed to assess the impairment to HRQoL in patients with CP. However, it has only been validated in English and German. Here, we report the validation in several languages across Europe.MethodsAfter professional translation, the versions of ItchyQoL were digitized for use as a tablet application. Validation was performed in clinics for dermatology in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Switzerland and Turkey.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐five patients with either contact dermatitis, chronic prurigo – nodular type, psoriasis vulgaris, lichen planus or mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome and with CP ≥ 3 on the numerical rating scale were included. ItchyQoL showed a high level of consistency (Cronbach's‐α, all: 0.95) and test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation: 0.91). It strongly correlated with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) and moderately correlated with itch intensity scales in the study population (visual analogue scale r = 0.46; numerical rating scale r = 0.51; verbal rating scale r = 0.51, for all: P < 0.001).ConclusionItchyQoL is now also validated in French, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish and Turkish and can be used in clinical trials in countries speaking these languages.
Nonmechanical and multiview 3D measurement microscope for workpiece with large slope and complex geometry
Authors: QU Y. , HU Y. , ZHANG P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDue to the large slope and complex geometry, it is difficult to measure the three‐dimensional parameters of cutting tools and drill bits by using general optical measurement method. A method that combines the multiview rotation scanning and nonmechanical focus variation by using a liquid lens is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the workpiece is rotated by using a rotation unit, and in every rotation position, a sequence of images of the workpiece are captured in the axial direction. Secondly, the relative degree of focus is measured for all pixels by using focus measure operators to obtain the depth value corresponding to each pixel. Thirdly, a multiview registration algorithm is designed to combine all the individual data sets at each rotation position into a whole three‐dimensional point cloud. Finally, the three‐dimensional parameters of the rake angle and clearance angle of the gear, screw tap and drills are measured. The proposed method is lateral shift‐free and no light intensity variation, so it can obtain better accuracy. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the axial measurement reaches 2.4 μm (2σ, Nikon 5×/0.1).Lay DescriptionThis article is about a method that combines the multi‐view rotation scanning and non‐mechanical focus variation by using a liquid lens.
Transplanted enteric neural stem cells integrate within the developing chick spinal cord: implications for spinal cord repair
Authors: Jevans Benjamin , McCann Conor J. , Thapar Nikhil , Burns Alan J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes paralysis, multisystem impairment and reduced life expectancy, as yet with no cure. Stem cell therapy can potentially replace lost neurons, promote axonal regeneration and limit scar formation, but an optimal stem cell source has yet to be found. Enteric neural stem cells (ENSC) isolated from the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are an attractive source. Here, we used the chick embryo to assess the potential of ENSC to integrate within the developing spinal cord. In vitro, isolated ENSC formed extensive cell connections when co‐cultured with spinal cord (SC)‐derived cells. Further, qRT‐PCR analysis revealed the presence of TuJ1+ neurons, S100+ glia and Sox10+ stem cells within ENSC neurospheres, as well as expression of key neuronal subtype genes, at levels comparable to SC tissue. Following ENSC transplantation to an ablated region of chick embryo SC, donor neurons were found up to 12 days later. These neurons formed bridging connections within the SC injury zone, aligned along the anterior/posterior axis, and were immunopositive for TuJ1. These data provide early proof of principle support for the use of ENSCs for SCI, and encourage further research into their potential for repair.
Value of top‐hat procedure in management of squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Leng Fangda , Jiang Lu , Nong Lin , Ren Xiying , Xie Tong , Dong Ying , Tao Xia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the features of skip lesions and evaluate value of top‐hat procedure in management of squamous intraepithelial lesion.MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in Peking University First Hospital between 2011 and 2016. Patients were confirmed to have CIN1–3. The term ‘skip lesion’ refers to lesion lying deep in cervical canal discontiguous with other lesions in transformation zone and was confirmed by top‐hat. We compared their lesion grade in patients with or without skip lesion using logistic regression. We further reviewed patients who underwent subsequent hysterectomy within 6 months following LEEP and evaluated if top‐hat procedure led to less residual lesions or was able to predict residual lesions.ResultsA total of 2260 patients were included and 595 underwent top‐hat procedure. Thirty‐nine out of 595 patients had skip lesions (6.5%), among whom two patients had CIN1 (5.1%), eight had CIN2 (20.5%) and 29 had CIN3 (74.4%). Logistical regression showed CIN3 was associated with higher risk of skip lesions compared to CIN1 (OR = 4.433, 95%CI: 1.036–18.964), while CIN2 was not (OR = 1.762, 95%CI: 0.366–8.471). Sixty‐two patients underwent hysterectomy within 6 months following LEEP (CIN1–3), 24 underwent top‐hat. Analysis revealed top‐hat procedure did not result in less residual lesions. Colposcopy impression or prior HPV test was unable to predict skip lesions.ConclusionAbout 9.4% patients with CIN3 had skip lesions in the study, which is associated with elevated risk for residual lesion. Top‐hat procedure is able to detect skip lesions, but should not be performed on routinely because its prognostic value is not proved.
Urinary excretion of homocysteine thiolactone and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in coronary artery disease patients: the WENBIT trial
Authors: Borowczyk K. , Piechocka J. , Głowacki R. , Dhar I. , Midtun Ø. , Tell G. S. , Ueland P. M. , Nygård O. , Jakubowski H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesNo individual homocysteine (Hcy) metabolite has been studied as a risk marker for coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to examine Hcy‐thiolactone, a chemically reactive metabolite generated by methionyl‐tRNA synthetase and cleared by the kidney, as a risk predictor of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Western Norway B‐Vitamin Intervention Trial.DesignSingle centre, prospective double‐blind clinical intervention study, randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design.Subjects and methodsPatients with suspected CAD (n = 2049, 69.8% men; 61.2‐year‐old) were randomized to groups receiving daily (i) folic acid (0.8 mg)/vitamin B12 (0.4 mg)/vitamin B6 (40 mg); (ii) folic acid/vitamin B12; (iii) vitamin B6 or (iv) placebo. Urinary Hcy‐thiolactone was quantified at baseline, 12 and 38 months.ResultsBaseline urinary Hcy‐thiolactone/creatinine was significantly associated with plasma tHcy, ApoA1, glomerular filtration rate, potassium and pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (positively) and with age, hypertension, smoking, urinary creatinine, plasma bilirubin and kynurenine (negatively). During median 4.7‐years, 183 patients (8.9%) suffered an AMI. In Cox regression analysis, Hcy‐thiolactone/creatinine was associated with AMI risk (hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.10–2.26, P = 0.012 for trend; adjusted for age, gender, tHcy). This association was confined to patients with pyridoxic acid below median (adjusted HR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.47–5.03, P = 0.0001; Pinteraction = 0.020). B‐vitamin/folate treatments did not affect Hcy‐thiolactone/creatinine and its AMI risk association.ConclusionsHcy‐thiolactone/creatinine ratio is a novel AMI risk predictor in patients with suspected CAD, independent of traditional risk factors and tHcy, but modified by vitamin B6 catabolism. These findings lend a support to the hypothesis that Hcy‐thiolactone is mechanistically involved in cardiovascular disease.
A Comparative Evaluation of Stress Distribution with Two Attachment Systems of Varying Heights in a Mandibular Implant‐Supported Overdenture: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Khurana Nikita , Rodrigues Shobha , Shenoy Satish , Saldanha Sharon , Pai Umesh , Shetty Thilak , N Srikant , Mahesh M , Hegde Puneet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo analyze and compare the stress distribution in an implant‐retained overdenture complex using ball and Locator attachments of three heights by means of a 3D finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsSix finite element models comprising an edentulous mandible with two interforaminal bone‐level implants and ball attachments of heights 1 mm (A1), 3 mm (A3), and 5 mm (A5), and Locator attachments of heights 1 mm (B1), 3 mm (B3), and 5 mm (B5), were designed using ANSYS Workbench Software. Unilateral vertical (100 N) and oblique loads (100 N at 30° to the longitudinal axis of the implant in buccolingual direction) were applied. Average von Mises stress values were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsLocator attachments showed lower stress values as compared to the ball attachments in all examined areas. The increase in the height of both resulted in increased stress values. Higher values were observed at the implant neck in all models, as compared to the body and the apex. The recorded stress was higher in the cortical bone as compared to the cancellous bone.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, Locator attachments demonstrated lesser and more homogenous stress distribution in the implant‐overdenture complex in comparison to ball attachments. The stresses generated within the tissues increase with an increase in collar height of the attachment system and therefore, attachments should be as short as possible for more favorable stress transmission.
Sperm motility in ocellate river stingrays: evidence for post‐testicular sperm maturation and capacitation in Chondrichthyes
Authors: Dzyuba V. , Ninhaus‐Silveira A. , Kahanec M. , Veríssimo‐Silveira R. , Rodina M. , Holt W. V. , Dzyuba B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSperm maturation, as a process through which spermatozoa acquire the ability for motility activation and fertilization, is well‐known for many groups of animals. This process takes place in a taxon‐specific manner in different parts of male reproductive tract. In contrast to most fish with external fertilization, a large number of animals have internal fertilization where transit through the epididymis of the male reproductive tract is necessary for the completion of sperm maturation. Although Chondrichthyes are fishes, they exhibit internal fertilization and possess specific male genital anatomy that resembles mammals. The existence of sperm maturation in the epididymis of cartilaginous fishes has been proposed but has yet to be confirmed. In this study, we used mature ocellate river stingrays Potamotrygon motoro, as a representative of Chondrichthyes, collected during the natural spawning period and evaluated sperm motility parameters during transit through the male reproductive tract, and upon contact with uterine fluid. Our data demonstrate that spermatozoa acquire motility after transit through the epididymis and are stored in a motile state within a specific organ – the seminal vesicles. Moreover, these motile spermatozoa are able to increase their velocity under the influence of uterine fluid in the female reproductive tract.
Vanishing refuge? Testing the forest refuge hypothesis in coastal East Africa using genome‐wide sequence data for seven amphibians
Authors: Barratt Christopher D. , Bwong Beryl A. , Jehle Robert , Liedtke H. Christoph , Nagel Peter , Onstein Renske E. , Portik Daniel M. , Streicher Jeffrey W. , Loader Simon P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing data have greatly improved our ability to understand the processes that contribute to current biodiversity patterns. The “vanishing refuge” diversification model is speculated for the coastal forests of eastern Africa, whereby some taxa have persisted and diversified between forest refugia, while others have switched to becoming generalists also present in non‐forest habitats. Complex arrangements of geographical barriers (hydrology and topography) and ecological gradients between forest and non‐forest habitats may have further influenced the region's biodiversity, but elucidation of general diversification processes has been limited by lack of suitable data. Here, we explicitly test alternative diversification modes in the coastal forests using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, mtDNA, spatial and environmental data for three forest (Arthroleptis xenodactyloides,Leptopelis flavomaculatusandAfrixalus sylvaticus) and four generalist (Afrixalus fornasini,A. delicatus,Leptopelis concolorandLeptopelis argenteus) amphibians. Multiple analyses provide insight about divergence times, spatial population structure, dispersal barriers, environmental stability and demographic history. We reveal highly congruent intra‐specific diversity and population structure across taxa, with most divergences occurring during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Although stability models support the existence of some forest refugia, dispersal barriers and demographic models point towards idiosyncratic diversification modes across taxa. We identify a consistent role for riverine barriers in the diversification of generalist taxa, but mechanisms of diversification are more complex for forest taxa and potentially include topographical barriers, forest refugia and ecological gradients. Our work demonstrates the complexity of diversification processes in this region, which vary between forest and generalist taxa, but also for ecologically similar species with shared population boundaries.
Relationship between the endothelial glycocalyx and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Xue Xian‐Jun , Jiang Yan , Chen Liang , Chen Shao‐Liang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the EG and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.MethodsA total of193 subjects were divided into two groups. A SDF video microscope with a glycocalyx thickness measurement system was used to visualize the sublingual microcirculation. The levels of HA in the peripheral circulation and coronary circulation were determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The number of coronary artery lesions and the Gensini score were used to evaluate the severity of the coronary atherosclerosis.ResultsEG thickness in the coronary heart disease (CHD) group (242.18 ± 10.10 nm) was lower than that in the NON‐CHD group (251.78 ± 10.59 nm, P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the EG thickness and the number of coronary lesions and the Gensini score. The level of intracoronary HA in the CHD group (48.60, 126.27) was higher than that in the NON‐CHD group (20.60, 34.45, P < 0.001), and it was positively correlated with the number of coronary lesions and the Gensini score.ConclusionsEG damage was correlated with the occurrence and development of coronary atherosclerosis. The EG thickness in the capillaries of the oral submucosa and the intracoronary HA level can be used as auxiliary indexes to assess the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
The essential chloroplast ribosomal protein uL15c interacts with the chloroplast RNA helicase ISE2 and affects intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata
Authors: Bobik Krzysztof , Fernandez Jessica C. , Hardin Sara R. , Ernest Ben , Ganusova Elena E. , Staton Margaret E. , Burch‐Smith Tessa M. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Chloroplasts retain part of their ancestral genomes and the machinery for expression of those genomes. The nucleus‐encoded chloroplast RNA helicase INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT2 (ISE2) is required for chloroplast ribosomal RNA processing and chloro‐ribosome assembly. To further elucidate ISE2's role in chloroplast translation, two independent approaches were used to identify its potential protein partners.

Both a yeast two‐hybrid screen and a pull‐down assay identified plastid ribosomal protein L15, uL15c (formerly RPL15), as interacting with ISE2. The interaction was confirmed in vivo by co‐immunoprecipitation.

Interestingly, we found that rpl15 null mutants do not complete embryogenesis, indicating that RPL15 is an essential gene for autotrophic growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants with reduced expression of RPL15 developed chlorotic leaves, had reduced photosynthetic capacity and exhibited defective chloroplast development. Processing of chloroplast ribosomal RNAs and assembly of ribosomal subunits were disrupted by reduced expression of RPL15. Chloroplast translation was also decreased, reducing accumulation of chloroplast‐encoded proteins, in such plants compared to wild‐type plants. Notably, knockdown of RPL15 expression increased intercellular trafficking, a phenotype also observed in plants with reduced ISE2 expression.

This finding provides further evidence for chloroplast function in modulating intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata.