bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of theFusariumpathogens associated with crown rot in the Huanghuai wheat‐growing region of China
Authors: Zhou Haifeng , He Xiaolun , Wang Shuo , Ma Qingzhou , Sun Bingjian , Ding Shengli , Chen Linlin , Zhang Meng , Li Honglian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTo investigate the distribution and diversity of the pathogens associated withFusariumcrown rot in the Huanghuai wheat‐growing region (HHWGR) of China, we collected wheat samples with symptomatic stem bases from seven provinces in the HHWGR between 2013 and 2016. A total of 1196 isolates obtained from 222 locations were identified as 9Fusariumspecies based on morphological and molecular identification. Of these pathogen species,F. pseudograminearumwas the dominant species. Furthermore,F. sinensiswas isolated from the disease specimens and tested for virulence to wheat. The result of the pathogenicity revealed that an intraspecific differentiation existed inF. pseudograminearum; sequence analysis of theEF‐1αgene showed that 194 F. pseudograminearumisolates were differentiated into two distinct clades which closed to the strains from Australia and China respectively, but neither pathogenicity norEF‐1αsequence was related to the geographic origins of these isolates. However, universal rice primers‐polymerase chain reaction showed a correlation with the geographical origins of the 194 isolates, which were divided into eight subclusters, the level of genetic diversity was higher within a geographical population than among the different populations. The results of these analyses can be directly used to facilitate disease monitoring and development of control strategies.
Maternal near‐miss and death among women with postpartum haemorrhage: a secondary analysis of the Nigeria Near‐miss and Maternal Death Survey
Authors: Sotunsa JO , Adeniyi AA , Imaralu JO , Fawole B , Adegbola O , Aimakhu CO , Adeyemi AS , Hunyinbo K , Dada OA , Adetoro OO , Oladapo OT 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the burden and health service events surrounding severe maternal outcomes (SMO) related to life‐threatening postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in Nigerian public tertiary hospitals.DesignSecondary analysis of a nationwide cross‐sectional study.SettingForty‐two tertiary hospitals.PopulationWomen admitted for pregnancy, childbirth or puerperal complications.MethodsAll cases of SMO [maternal near miss (MNM) or maternal death (MD)] due to PPH were prospectively identified using WHO criteria over a 1‐year period.Main outcome measuresIncidence of SMO, health service events, case fatality rate (CFR) and mortality index (MI: % of death/SMO).ResultsPostpartum haemorrhage occurred in 2087 (2.2%) of the 94 835 deliveries recorded during the study period. A total of 354 (0.3%) women had an SMO (103 MD; 251 MNM). It was the most frequent obstetric haemorrhagic complication across hospitals. PPH had the highest maternal mortality ratio (112/100 000 live births) and the recorded MI (29.1%) and CFR (4.9%) were second only to that of ruptured uterus. About 83% of women with SMO were admitted in a critical condition with over 50% being referred. MD was more likely when PPH led to neurological (80.8%), renal (73.5%) or respiratory (58.7%) organ dysfunction. Although the timing of life‐saving interventions was not statistically different between the cases of MD and MNM, close to one‐quarter of women who died received critical intervention at least 4 hours after diagnosis of life‐threatening PPH.ConclusionsPostpartum haemorrhage was a significant contributor to obstetric haemorrhage and SMO in Nigerian hospitals. Emergency obstetric services should be enhanced at the lower levels of healthcare delivery to reduce avoidable deaths from PPH.FundingThe original research that generated the data for this secondary analysis, and the publication of this secondary analysis, was funded by the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization. We have no other funding issue to declare for our study.Tweetable abstractOne hundred and three maternal deaths and 251 near‐misses resulted from PPH in 42 Nigerian tertiary facilities in 1 year.
Featured Collection Introduction: The Emerging Science of Aquatic System Connectivity I
Authors: Jones C. Nathan , Nelson Natalie G. , Smith Lora L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe growing aquatic system science community includes interdisciplinary researchers collectively working to improve the physical, chemical, and biological functions of aquatic systems. Connectivity describes the flow of materials, organisms, and energy between ecosystems or ecosystem components, and it serves as a unifying concept for the study, management, and restoration of aquatic systems. This featured collection was motivated by the American Water Resources Association (AWRA) Specialty Conference, Connecting the Dots: The Emerging Science of Aquatic System Connectivity. Held in May 2017 in Snowbird, Utah, the conference consisted of 33 technical sessions with over 140 presenters from across engineering, earth science, and life science disciplines. Session topics ranged from basic and applied research, to management applications and policy discussions. This collection, the first in a series of two, contains 11 manuscripts and builds upon the momentum of the AWRA specialty conference by facilitating continued conversations about aquatic systems connectivity and providing guidance for future interdisciplinary research.
Urinalysis monitoring in children with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura: Is it time to revise?
Authors: Wang Hao , Das Lena , Hoh Sook Fun , Gao Xiaocong , Book Yun Xin , Arkachaisri Thaschawee 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the natural history and risk factors of renal involvement in our Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) inception cohort.MethodsHSP patients followed at our center for at least 6 months between 1/2009‐4/2017 were included. A 2‐year urinalysis (UA) monitoring protocol was adopted (6 monthly and another 6 of 3 monthly UA). Renal involvement included minimal renal involvement defined as isolated hematuria (urine red blood cells >5/high‐power field or 10/µL) and/or proteinuria (urine protein >1+), and renal impairment defined as nephritic, nephrotic symptoms, or renal insufficiency. Recurrent HSP were excluded. Kaplan‐Meier estimates and log‐rank test were used to analyze the duration to onset and resolution of abnormal UA. Relationships between demographic and clinical features and renal involvement were studied using logistic regression analyses.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐eight patients (52.9% male) were analyzed. Median duration of follow up was 20.6 (interquartile range 11.3‐24.4) months. Eighty‐nine children (37.4%) developed abnormal UA either at diagnosis (n = 43), or during follow up (n = 46), mostly (91.0%) within 6 months. Seventeen patients (7.1%) developed renal impairment. Among patients without renal impairment, an earlier subsidence (P = 0.008) was noted in those with normal UA at diagnosis and most abnormal UA resolved by 18 months in this subgroup. Older age at diagnosis was a risk factor of renal involvement (P < 0.001). Prednisolone therapy for non‐renal indications did not affect the onset or duration of renal involvement.ConclusionsNormal UA at diagnosis indicated a shorter duration of renal involvement. We propose a curtailed duration of follow up for those with normal and abnormal UA at diagnosis.
Impact of anesthesiologist’s fellowship status on the risk of general anesthesia for unplanned cesarean delivery
Authors: Wagner Jennifer L. , White Robert S. , Mauer Elizabeth A. , Pryor Kane O. , Kjaer Klaus 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundNeuraxial analgesia is preferred over general anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD), particularly in the presence of a labor epidural catheter. We hypothesize that care by a non‐obstetric anesthesiologist as compared to care by an obstetric anesthesiologist is associated with a higher risk for use of general anesthesia for CD for patients with a preexisting labor epidural catheter.MethodsTo determine whether fellowship status of the covering anesthesiologist was a risk factor for general anesthesia, we retrospectively investigated the rate of general anesthesia use in patients with epidural catheters placed for labor analgesia who subsequently required CD. To standardize the practice environment under which these cases occurred, we examined only cases which occurred during coverage by the call team on nights, weekends, and holidays.ResultsThere were 1820 cases in which a patient had epidural labor analgesia followed by a CD. Nine hundred and twelve cases were covered by an obstetric anesthesiologist and 908 cases were covered by a non‐obstetric anesthesiologist. General anesthesia was used in only 16 of these cases. General anesthesia was more likely to be performed by non‐obstetric fellowship trained anesthesiologists (1.54% or 14/908 compared to 0.22% or 2/912; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis investigation suggests that the presence of an obstetric fellowship‐trained anesthesiologist may be a predictor of decreased rate of general anesthesia use in patients with preexisting indwelling labor epidural catheters.
Oncoplastic partial breast reconstruction improves patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome for central breast tumours
Authors: Shechter Shirley , Friedman Or , Inbal Amir , Arad Ehud , Menes Tehillah , Barsuk Daphna , Gur Eyal , Barnea Yoav 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPatients with centrally located tumours involving the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) who undergo breast‐conserving treatment (BCT) are at high risk for breast deformity and asymmetry. Immediate oncoplastic breast reconstruction (OBR) can have a favourable impact on surgical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively compared aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction among women treated with NAC lumpectomy and immediate OBR with patients treated with BCT alone. Aesthetic outcome was evaluated by independent observers, and patient satisfaction was assessed by the BREAST‐Q questionnaire.ResultsA total of 24 patients were studied, 12 in each group. Demographics and oncological staging were similar in both groups, apart from mean age, hypertension and tumour size/lumpectomy weight. Patients in the OBR group had higher scores for aesthetic outcome and a higher degree of patient satisfaction from the surgical outcome compared to the patients in the BCT‐alone group.ConclusionsThe immediate OBR approach in the treatment of centrally located tumours with NAC resection has clear advantages over BCT alone. This approach should be considered for and offered to suitable patients.
Modifying a language screening tool for three‐year‐old children identified severe language disorders six months earlier
Authors: Nayeb Laleh , Lagerberg Dagmar , Westerlund Monica , Sarkadi Anna , Lucas Steven , Eriksson Mårten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimWe examined if routine Swedish language screening for developmental language disorder (DLD) carried out at three years of age could be performed as effectively six months earlier.MethodsThis study observed 105 monolingual Swedish‐speaking children (53% boys) aged 29–31 months at three Swedish child health centres. We compared their ability to combine three words, as per the existing protocol, and two words. They also underwent a comprehension task. Speech and language pathologists clinically assessed the children for DLD and their results were compared with the nurse‐led screening.ResultsThe results for the three‐word and two‐word criterion were the following: sensitivity (100% versus 91%) specificity (81% versus 91%), positive predictive (38% versus 56%) and negative predictive value (100% versus 99%). The three‐word criterion identified 29 children with possible DLD, including 11 cases later confirmed, and the two‐word criterion identified 18 possible cases, including 10 confirmed cases. DLD was overrepresented in the 10% of children who did not cooperate with the nurse‐led screening.ConclusionChanging the required word combinations from three to two words worked well. The three‐word test identified one extra confirmed case, but resulted in 10 more false positives. Lack of cooperation during screening constituted an increased risk for DLD.
Mucosal 5‐aminosalicylic acid concentration, drug formulation and mucosal microbiome in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
Authors: Olaisen Maya , Spigset Olav , Flatberg Arnar , Granlund Atle van Beelen , Brede Wenche Rødseth , Albrektsen Grethe , Røyset Elin Synnøve , Gilde Bodil , Sandvik Arne Kristian , Martinsen Tom Christian , Fossmark Reidar 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackground5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) is the first‐line therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). 5‐ASA acts locally in the colonic mucosa by numerous proposed mechanisms, and is metabolised by N‐acetyltransferase (NAT). Large variations in mucosal 5‐ASA concentrations have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood.AimTo study the relationship between 5‐ASA concentration, 5‐ASA formulation, NAT genotype and bacterial microbiome in patients with UC.MethodsPatients with quiescent UC, using monotherapy of Mezavant (n = 18), Asacol (n = 14) or Pentasa (n = 10), 4.0‐4.8 g/day were included. 5‐ASA was measured in colonic mucosal biopsies and serum by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography. NAT genotypes were determined by Sanger sequencing. Bacterial microbiome was sequenced from faeces and mucosa by 16S rRNA sequencing using Illumina Miseq.ResultsMezavant provided the highest mucosal 5‐ASA levels (geometric mean 2.39 ng/mg), followed by Asacol (1.60 ng/mg, 33% lower, P = 0.50) and Pentasa (0.57 ng/mg, 76% lower, P = 0.033). Mucosal 5‐ASA concentration was not associated with NAT genotype, but serum 5‐ASA concentration and NAT1 genotype was associated (P = 0.044). Mucosal 5‐ASA concentration was positively associated with mucosal bacterial diversity (P = 0.0005) and bacterial composition. High mucosal 5‐ASA concentration was related to reduced abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria, and increased abundance of several favourable bacteria such as Faecalibacterium.ConclusionsMucosal 5‐ASA concentration is positively associated with bacterial diversity and a mucosal bacterial composition that are perceived favourable in UC. Mezavant yielded higher mucosal 5‐ASA concentrations than Pentasa. 5‐ASA may have beneficial effects on the mucosal microbiome, and high concentrations possibly amend dysbiosis in UC.
Optostimulation of striatonigral terminals in substantia nigra induces dyskinesia that increases after L‐DOPA in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Keifman Ettel , Ruiz‐DeDiego Irene , Pafundo Diego Esteban , Paz Rodrigo Manuel , Solís Oscar , Murer Mario Gustavo , Moratalla Rosario 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeL‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (LID) remains a major complication of L‐DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease. LID is believed to result from inhibition of substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) neurons by GABAergic striatal projection neurons that become supersensitive to dopamine receptor stimulation after severe nigrostriatal degeneration. Here, we asked if stimulation of direct medium spiny neuron (dMSN) GABAergic terminals at the SNr can produce a full dyskinetic state similar to that induced by L‐DOPA.Experimental ApproachAdult C57BL6 mice were lesioned with 6‐hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle. Channel rhodopsin was expressed in striatonigral terminals by ipsilateral striatal injection of adeno‐associated viral particles under the CaMKII promoter. Optic fibres were implanted on the ipsilateral SNr. Optical stimulation was performed before and 24 hr after three daily doses of L‐DOPA at subthreshold and suprathreshold dyskinetic doses. We also examined the combined effect of light stimulation and an acute L‐DOPA challenge.Key ResultsOptostimulation of striatonigral terminals inhibited SNr neurons and induced all dyskinesia subtypes (optostimulation‐induced dyskinesia [OID]) in 6‐hydroxydopamine animals, but not in sham‐lesioned animals. Additionally, chronic L‐DOPA administration sensitised dyskinetic responses to striatonigral terminal optostimulation, as OIDs were more severe 24 hr after L‐DOPA administration. Furthermore, L‐DOPA combined with light stimulation did not result in higher dyskinesia scores than OID alone, suggesting that optostimulation has a masking effect on LID.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis work suggests that striatonigral inhibition of basal ganglia output (SNr) is a decisive mechanism mediating LID and identifies the SNr as a target for managing LID.
Sinus floor elevation using particulate PLGA‐coated biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes: A prospective histological and radiological study
Authors: Flichy‐Fernández Antonio J. , Blaya‐Tárraga Juan A. , O'Valle Francisco , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Peñarrocha‐Diago Miguel , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is widely used for the development of delivery systems for drugs and therapeutic biomolecules in tissue engineering applications. Particles of biphasic calcium phosphate can be covered by PLGA to change their manipulating characteristics.PurposeAim of this study was to investigate the radiological and histomorphometric results of the use of PLGA‐coated biphasic calcium phosphate granules in sinus floor elevation and to analyze the underlying molecular processes by immunohistochemical staining.Materials and MethodsA randomized clinical study was designed to include patients in need of sinus floor elevation. Patients were assigned to receive either PLGA‐coated biphasic calcium phosphate particles (group I) or the equivalent but noncoated particles (group II). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed before and 6 months after the procedure to assess the bone height gain. At the time of implant placement, bone core biopsies were obtained at the site of implant placement. Histological sections were subjected to histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation of differentiation markers (Musashi‐1 [MSI1]).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed between groups for the radiologic parameters. No differences were observed histologically or histomorphometrically. However, PLGA‐coated particles (group I) were more colonized by MSI1‐positive osteoblast precursors (P = 0.0001, chi‐squared test) and were penetrated by more CD34‐positive vascular structures (P = 0.001, chi‐squared test) than noncoated particles (group II).ConclusionsPLGA‐coated particles are associated with more MSI11‐positive cells and more extensive microvascularization than noncoated particles.
Longitudinal assessment of clinical and radiographic periimplant status around narrow and regular diameter implants placed in cigarette‐smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Alasqah Mohammed N. , Alfawaz Yasser F. , Aldahiyan Nada , Vohra Fahim , Alotaibi Bader Munif , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo date, no clinical investigation has assessed the clinical and radiographic indices around narrow diameter implants (NDIs) and regular diameter implants (RDIs) in individuals with cigarette smoking habit and nonsmokers.ObjectiveTo estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices around NDIs (< 3.3 mm) and RDIs placed in cigarette smokers (CS) and nonsmokers (NS).Materials and MethodsEighty‐six patients requiring implant surgery in the anterior mandible were divided into two groups (39 CS and 43 NS). Patients were further categorized into two subgroups on the basis of implant diameter: (a) patients with NDIs (3.3 mm) and (b) patients with RDIs (4.1 mm). Clinical indices evaluating plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. Digital periapical radiographs were studied to evaluate crestal bone levels (CBL) incorporating in a specialized software and examined on a calibrated computer display screen with the help of an image analyzer.ResultsThe mean age of patients in CS group and NS group was 44.6 and 42.5 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall mean scores of PI, PD, and CBL around NDIs and RDIs among CS and NS patients at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up. However, there was a statistically significant difference only in the overall mean BOP around NDIs and RDIs among CS and NS patients at 18 and 36 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThe findings of the current study suggests that NDIs can show reliable clinical stability and radiographic bone levels as RDIs placed in CS and NS, with the support of strict oral hygiene protocols.
The absence of NIPA2 enhances neural excitability through BK (big potassium) channels
Authors: Liu Na‐Na , Xie Han , Xiang‐wei Wen‐Shu , Gao Kai , Wang Tian‐Shuang , Jiang Yu‐Wu 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAimTo reveal the pathogenesis and find the precision treatment for the childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) patients with NIPA2 mutations.MethodsWe performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings to measure the electrophysiological properties of layer V neocortical somatosensory pyramidal neurons in wild‐type (WT) and NIPA2‐knockout mice.ResultsWe identified that layer V neocortical somatosensory pyramidal neurons isolated from the NIPA2‐knockout mice displayed higher frequency of spontaneous and evoked action potential, broader half‐width of evoked action potential, and smaller currents of BK channels than those from the WT mice. NS11021, a specific BK channel opener, reduced neuronal excitability in the NIPA2‐knockout mice. Paxilline, a selective BK channel blocker, treated WT neurons and could simulate the situation of NIPA2‐knockout group, thereby suggesting that the absence of NIPA2 enhanced the excitability of neocortical somatosensory pyramidal neurons by decreasing the currents of BK channels. Zonisamide, an anti‐epilepsy drug, reduced action potential firing in NIPA2‐knockout mice through increasing BK channel currents.ConclusionThe results indicate that the absence of NIPA2 enhances neural excitability through BK channels. Zonisamide is probably a potential treatment for NIPA2 mutation‐induced epilepsy, which may provide a basis for the development of new treatment strategies for epilepsy.