bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interference phase-contrast imaging technology without beam separation
Authors: Nishiwaki Seiji , Narumi Kenji , Korenaga Tsuguhiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInterferometers are widely used in science and industry to measure small displacements, changes in refractive index, and surface irregularities. In all interferometers, including phase-contrast microscopes and DICs (differential interference contrast microscopes), light from a single source is split into two beams that travel along different optical paths. They are then recombined to produce interference. The fundamental operation of beam separation makes device configuration more complex and adds to the bulk of the equipment. In this study we propose a new method of observing phase-contrast images without beam separation by using self-interference inside a grating coupler structure disposed on the observation plane. We experimentally demonstrate that the self-interference principle can generate phase-contrast images using a simple configuration. From measurements using a multilevel phase plate, we confirm its phase-contrast depth resolution to approach one- tenth of a wavelength.
Selective Resonance Photoionization of Odd Mass Zirconium Isotopes Towards Efficient Separation of Radioactive Waste
Authors: Fujiwara Takashige , Kobayashi Tohru , Midorikawa Katsumi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe achieve a considerable improvement in proposed schemes for the selective photoionization of odd mass zirconium isotopes. The technique implements intermediate-state alignment for isotope-selective laser excitation by broadband pulsed lasers, which incorporates the spectroscopic selection rules for the absorption of polarized light. The improvement includes newly found intermediate levels, where J = 0 character as a third excited-state intermediate, in cooperation with four-step photoexcitation (J = 2–1–1–0 scheme). Isotope selectivity (separation coefficient for 91Zr: >2400) has been identified in addition to a significant enhancement of ionization efficiency (30×) compared with previous research. A search for suitable third intermediate levels has covered over autoionizing Rydberg states in a singly ionized Zr II region (up to 58 000 cm−1). The measured autoionizing Rydberg states show high photoion yields but are not identified as favoured isotopic selectivity, as observed in the four-step photoionization. Prospects and future directions in laser even/odd-mass isotope separation are discussed.
Molecular signature of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell subsets
Authors: Kuçi Selim , Kuçi Zyrafete , Schäfer Richard , Spohn Gabriele , Winter Stefan , Schwab Matthias , Salzmann-Manrique Emilia , Klingebiel Thomas , Bader Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the current study we compared the molecular signature of expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from selected CD271+ bone marrow mononuclear cells (CD271-MSCs) and MSCs derived from non-selected bone marrow mononuclear cells by plastic adherence (PA-MSCs). Transcriptome analysis demonstrated for the first time the upregulation of 115 and downregulation of 131 genes in CD271-MSCs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes in CD271-MSCs are significantly enriched for extracellular matrix (tenascin XB, elastin, ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein, carboxypeptidase Z, laminin alpha 2andnephroblastoma overexpressed) and cell adhesion (CXCR7, GPNMB, MYBPH, SVEP1, ARHGAP6, TSPEAR, PIK3CG, ABL2andNCAM1). CD271-MSCs expressed higher gene transcript levels that are involved in early osteogenesis/chondrogenesis/adipogenesis (ZNF145, FKBP5). In addition, increased transcript levels for early and late osteogenesis (DPT, OMD, ID4, CRYAB, SORT1), adipogenesis (CTNNB1, ZEB, LPL, FABP4, PDK4, ACDC), and chondrogenesis (CCN3/NOV, CCN4/WISP1, CCN5/WISP2 and ADAMTS-5) were detected. Interestingly, CD271-MSCs expressed increased levels of hematopoiesis associated genes (CXCL12, FLT3L, IL-3, TPO, KITL). Down-regulated genes in CD271-MSCs were associated with WNT and TGF-beta signaling, and cytokine/chemokine signaling pathways. In addition to their capacity to support hematopoiesis, these results suggest that CD271-MSCs may contain more osteo/chondro progenitors and/or feature a greater differentiation potential.
Giant electrocaloric response in smectic liquid crystals with direct smectic-isotropic transition
Authors: Klemenčič Eva , Trček Maja , Kutnjak Zdravko , Kralj Samo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectrocaloric materials have become a viable technology for solid state heat management applications. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that liquid crystals (LCs) can be exploited as efficient electrocaloric materials. Numerical and experimental investigations determine the conditions under which the strongest electrocaloric effect (ECE) responses are expected in LCs. Specifically, we show that a large ECE can be expected at the isotropic-nematic and in particular at the isotropic-smectic A phase transition. In our theoretical study, LC ordering is modelled using a Landau – de Gennes - Ginzburg mesoscopic approach. The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with our high precision electrocaloric measurements conducted on 8CB and 12CB liquid crystals. In the latter, we obtained ΔTEC ~ 6.5 K, corresponding to the largest response measured so far in LCs. The fluid property of LC electrocaloric heat cooling elements could lead to the development of devices with a higher coefficient of performance and thus better cooling power yield per mass of the ECE-based device.
Faecal bacterial and short-chain fatty acids signature in hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Granado-Serrano A. B. , Martín-Garí M. , Sánchez V. , Riart Solans M. , Berdún R. , Ludwig I. A. , Rubió L. , Vilaprinyó E. , Portero-Otín M. , Serrano J. C. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGut microbiota has been suggested to affect lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the faecal microbiota signature and both short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BA) profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects. Microbiota composition, SCFAs, BA and blood lipid profile from male volunteers with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and normocholesterolemia (NC) were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing, HPLC, GC and NMR, respectively. HC subjects were characterized by having lower relative abundance of Anaeroplasma (0.002% vs 0.219%, p-value = 0.026) and Haemophilus (0.041% vs 0.078%, p-value = 0.049), and higher of Odoribacter (0.51% vs 0.16%; p-value = 0.044). Correlation analysis revealed that Anaeroplasma and Haemophilus were associated to an unfavourable lipid profile: they correlated negatively to cholesterol and triglycerides related biomarkers and the ratio total to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and positively to HDL size. Odoribacter displayed an opposite behaviour. Faecal SCFAs profile revealed higher abundance of isobutyric (2.76% vs 0.82%, p-value = 0.049) and isovaleric acid (1.32% vs 0.06%, p-value = 0.016) in HC. Isobutyric acid correlated positively with Odoribacter and lipid parameters indicative of an unfavourable profile. BA profile did not show differences between groups. It was concluded that HC subjects showed a particular faecal bacterial signature and SCFAs profile associated with their lipid profile.
Differential impact of trait, social, and attachment anxiety on the stare-in-the-crowd effect
Authors: Burra Nicolas , Massait Solene , Vrtička Pascal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEye gaze conveys crucial information for social interactions, with straight versus averted gaze triggering distinct emotional and cognitive processes. The “stare-in-the-crowd” effect exemplifies such differential visual processing of gaze direction, in more recent reports also in interaction with head orientation. Besides aiming at replicating the “stare-in-the-crowd” effect by means of an eye gaze by head orientation interaction, the present study intended to for the first time testing its susceptibility to inter-individual differences in trait, social, and attachment anxiety. Our findings reveal a significant relation between the “stare-in-the-crowd” effect and social and attachment, but not trait anxiety, and therefore provide preliminary cues for personality influences on visual processing of eye gaze and head orientation.
Endogenous pore-forming protein complex targets acidic glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts to initiate endolysosome regulation
Authors: Guo Xiao-Long , Liu Ling-Zhen , Wang Qi-Quan , Liang Jin-Yang , Lee Wen-Hui , Xiang Yang , Li Sheng-An , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) are widely distributed in animals and plants. However, functional studies on these ALPs remain in their infancy. βγ-CAT is the first example of a secreted pore-forming protein that functions to modulate the endolysosome pathway via endocytosis and pore formation on endolysosomes. However, the specific cell surface molecules mediating the action of βγ-CAT remain elusive. Here, the actions of βγ-CAT were largely attenuated by either addition or elimination of acidic glycosphingolipids (AGSLs). Further study revealed that the ALP and trefoil factor (TFF) subunits of βγ-CAT bind to gangliosides and sulfatides, respectively. Additionally, disruption of lipid rafts largely impaired the actions of βγ-CAT. Finally, the ability of βγ-CAT to clear pathogens was attenuated in AGSL-eliminated frogs. These findings revealed a previously unknown double binding pattern of an animal-secreted ALP in complex with TFF that initiates ALP-induced endolysosomal pathway regulation, ultimately leading to effective antimicrobial responses.
Do orthodontic extractions have an impact on the cutaneous profile?
Authors: Dallel I. , Megdiche A. , Ghedira Y. , Tobji S. , Ben Amor A. 
Published: February 2019

Orthodontic treatments can have an impact on the soft tissues and more particularly on the cutaneous profile. The aim of this work was to evaluate profile changes following orthodontic treatment.
Material and methods: This study concerned 90 patients randomly selected in the orthodontic department of Monastir (Tunisia). Profile headfilms at the start and at the end of orthodontic treatment were compared using, as reference lines, the SN-7° plane and the orthogonal to SN-7° plane going through the S-point (POSN- 7°). The Student test was applied to evaluate the variations in the cephalometric measurements. The Pearson test was used to study the correlation between the horizontal tooth movements
and facial profile changes.
Results: We noted a significant decrease in the upper labral (Ls) (p=0.049) and lower labral (p=0.048) as well as a significant increase in the labio-mental angle (p=0.025) in patients treated with extractions of premolars. A positive correlation between the incisor movements and the reduction of the labial protrusion was observed.
Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that the movements of the incisors consecutive to extractions can have tangible effects on the cutaneous profile. Further investigations should be carried out to highlight the relationship between tooth movement and soft tissue.
Patientennarrative als Instrument zur Vorbereitung auf eine medizinische Rehabilitation: Der Erfahrungsbereich „Medizinische Reha“ auf der Website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de
Authors: Burbaum Christina , Peters Mutram , Metzner Gloria , Lucius-Hoene Gabriele , Bengel Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Der Erfahrungsbereich „Medizinische Reha“ auf der Website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de soll mit qualitätsgesicherten Darstellungen subjektiver Erfahrungsberichte von Rehabilitanden zu einer Vorbereitung auf eine medizinische Rehabilitation beitragen.
Methodik Mit 38 ehemaligen Rehabilitanden, welche nach dem Prinzip des Purposeful Sampling ausgewählt wurden, wurden narrative, leitfadengestützte Interviews zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der medizinischen Rehabilitation durchgeführt. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und in einer systematischen Analyse nach der Grounded Theory thematisch kodiert und zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse Die individuellen Erfahrungen von Rehabilitanden wurden für die Website als Fallvignetten aufbereitet. Alle in den Interviews erwähnten Erfahrungen wurden in der Analyse zu 8 Themenblöcken kondensiert und in themenspezifischen Texten auf der Website mit Originalausschnitten im Video-, Audio- und Textformat illustriert. Die Themen behandeln den Weg in die Rehabilitation und den dortigen Alltag, Therapien und andere Angebote der Klinik, Familie, Beruf, was die Rehabilitation gebracht hat und die Zeit danach sowie Botschaften und Empfehlungen. Es werden Hürden und Herausforderungen sowie unterstützende Erfahrungen und Tipps thematisiert.
Schlussfolgerung Auf der Website finden künftige Rehabilitanden und Fachpersonal ein kosten- und barrierefreies Informationsangebot über die medizinische Rehabilitation aus der Patientenperspektive.
Die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Pohontsch Nadine Janis 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (QIA) wird in der deutschen Rehabilitationsforschung häufig angewendet. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine kurze Entstehungsgeschichte der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse aufgezeigt. Es folgt die ausführlichere Darstellung des von Mayring vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens der QIA in seinen drei Varianten: zusammenfassende, explikative sowie strukturierende QIA und seines allgemeinen Ablaufmodells. Des Weiteren wird auf die Bedeutung des Kategoriensystems und der verschiedenen Formen der Kategorienbildung (deduktiv vs. induktiv) eingegangen. Diese Ausführungen werden durch Überlegungen zur Nutzung von Software, Präsentation der Ergebnisse und Quantifizierungen ergänzt. Abschließend werden der Aspekt der Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Analyse und die von Mayring vorgeschlagenen Gütekriterien für qualitative (inhaltsanalytische) Forschung aufgegriffen.
Determinants of Awareness on Diabetes and its Complications
Authors: Sendur Umit Gokhan , Adas Mine 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous medical care. Raising awareness and determining the factors affecting awareness about diabetes and its complications have an important role in achieving glycemic control and preventing complications.
Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the sociodemographic properties of participants, the status of patients’ awareness, and the factors affecting awareness. We also aimed to determine the relationships between these factors and diabetes regulation.
Materials and Methods A total of 404 patients with diabetes who had presented to Istanbul Okmeydanı Research and Training Hospital, Internal Medicine and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic were included in the study. They were requested to fill in a questionnaire about diabetes awareness. Data about their survey results, sociodemographic facts, glycemic control, treatment methods, and complications were analyzed.
Results 61.6% of the participants were female and 38.4% were male. Mean age was 54.5±11.4 years. 55.2% of patients were graduated from primary school and 22.8% had no education. Mean HbA1c value of the participants was 8%±1.9%. The mean score of the questionnaire, consisting of 23 questions, was 16.1±3.6. The ratio of patients who replied to 50% or more of the survey was 90.3%. The knowledge score was found to be positively correlated with education and income level, negatively correlated with age. There was no significant relationship between awareness and glycemic control (p>0.05).
Conclusion Most of the participants had an adequate level of awareness on diabetes and its complications. However, the study showed that better awareness was not associated with regulation of the disease. It was observed that not only raising awareness but also methods for implementing knowledge to daily life are needed.
Acute Visual Disorders—What Should the Neurologist Know?
Authors: Brune Anthony , Gold Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNormal vision requires coordination of precisely controlled and coordinated eye movements and normal function of a large cortical and subcortical sensory network. Given the required precision of the system and wide anatomic distribution of the motor and sensory visual systems, vision can be disrupted by a variety of central and peripheral nervous system disorders. While many of these may be relatively benign or have no proven therapy, several may be isolated presentations or harbingers of more serious neurologic conditions. Both monocular and binocular vision losses may be isolated presentations of stroke or its equivalent. Other etiologies of monocular vision loss may represent the initial presentation of potentially disabling conditions. Binocular diplopia, caused by impaired movement of one or both eyes, may represent a condition with no acute therapy and a benign natural history, or a progressive potentially life-threatening syndrome. Most people are heavily reliant upon vision, so that even a subtle change in vision due to disturbed afferent or efferent pathways is invariably noticed, and presentation to the emergency department for eye symptoms is common. The accurate evaluation of these patients in the acute setting is essential to identify the patients requiring immediate testing or treatment.
Evaluation and Management of the Emergency Department Headache
Authors: Filler Levi , Nimlos Perrin , Akhter Murtaza 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe acute headache in the emergency department (ED) poses a diagnostic dilemma that may overwhelm providers attempting to weigh the cost of advanced workups against the risk of missing serious pathology. While the majority of headache concerns are benign primary headache disorders, identifying life-threatening secondary causes of headache—which may be broadly categorized into structural, infectious, and vascular causes—is the primary focus of evaluation in the ED. Secondary headaches are associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and require strict scrutiny of the history and physical examination to adequately risk-stratify patients. Innovative and emerging technologies may further assist providers in the diagnosis of headache, and challenge previous gold-standard diagnostic evaluations. Herein, we present a general overview of the workup and management of headaches in the ED, with a special section for diagnostic considerations in evaluating for acute meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Authors: Schulman Sam , Piran Siavash 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPatients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) have the highest risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients. The incidence of total deep vein thrombosis ranges from 50 to 100% in untreated patients and pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of mortality in these patients. The pathophysiology of the increased risk of VTE is explained by venous stasis after injury, endothelial vessel wall injury from surgery, and a hypercoagulable state associated with trauma. The current thromboprophylaxis options are limited, with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) being the current standard of care. LMWH is commonly administered for 3 months, during which period the risk of VTE is especially high. Some uncertainty exists regarding the optimal timing to initiate pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and the best regimen of LMWH prophylaxis. High-quality data are currently lacking in thromboprophylaxis in patients with SCI. Many questions in this area remain to be answered, which are described in this narrative review.
Characterization of a novel thermostable carboxylesterase from thermoalkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus thermocloaceae
Authors: Yang Youri , Ghatge Sunil , Hur Hor-Gil 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
A novel thermostable carboxylesterase (Est5250) of thermoalkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus thermocloaceae was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and its biochemical properties were investigated. Est5250 showed optimum esterase activity at 60 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme was highly thermostable at 60 °C, interestingly, the thermostability was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, retaining more than 60% of its original activity after 12 h of pre-incubation. Est5250 was active in the presence of 1% (v/v) of organic solvents and 0.1% (v/v) of non-ionic detergents. The enzyme activity was significantly enhanced up to 167% and 159% in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol, respectively. Est5250 showed high substrate specificity for short-chain p-nitrophenyl-esters. Kinetic constants, Km and kcat, for p-nitrophenyl-acetate were 185.8 μM and 186.6 s−1, respectively. Est5250 showed outstanding thermostability and tolerance to various organic solvents under thermoalkaliphilic conditions, suggesting that it would be a highly suitable biocatalyst for various biotechnological applications.
Abbreviations: B. thermocloaceae sp.: Bacillus thermocloaceae; E. coli: Escherichia coli; NP: nitrophenyl; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; DMF: dimethyl formamide; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; CTAB: cetrimonium bromide; PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; DEPC: diethyl pyrocarbonate; 2-ME: 2-mercaptoethanol; DTT: dithiothreitol
Orally administered collagen peptide protects against UVB-induced skin aging through the absorption of dipeptide forms, Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jun , Jang Hye-Lim , Ahn Dong-Kyu , Kim Hun-Jung , Jeon Hee Young , Seo Dae Bang , Lee Ji-Hae , Choi Jin Kyu , Kang Seok-Seong 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTCollagen hydrolysate is a well-known nutritional supplement for the improvement of healthy skin. Here, collagen peptide NS (CPNS) from fish scale was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. Gly-Pro was revealed as a representative low molecular weight peptide of CPNS, by performing prep-HPLC and LC-MS/MS. CPNS treatment attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-1 production and increased the synthesis of type 1 procollagen in HDF cells. After orally administering CPNS to rats, the plasma concentrations of Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp increased dramatically. To examine the protective effects of CPNS against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging in vivo, the dorsal skins of hairless mice were exposed to UVB and supplemented with CPNS for 12 weeks. The CPNS consumption significantly attenuated UVB-induced wrinkle formation, transepidermal water loss, and epidermis thickness, and increased skin hydration. Collectively, these results suggest that bioactive peptides of CPNS, Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp, exert beneficial effects on skin health.