bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ accounts of memory lapses in interactions between neurologists and patients with functional memory disorders
Authors: Alexander Marc , Blackburn Daniel , Reuber Markus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the most commonly made diagnoses in secondary care memory services is functional memory disorder (FMD). FMD is non‐progressive and characterised by persistent worries about memory failures without objective evidence of cognitive impairment. This study explores how patients with FMD present their memory concerns. Utilizing video recordings of consultations between patients and neurologists in a memory clinic, we show that FMD patients account for their memory deficits as significant disruptions to their daily lives. Resonating with research which identified a dissonance between self‐reports of memory functioning by FMD patients and the outcome of neuropsychological assessments, we demonstrate that, in giving a detailed account of their perceived memory problems, patients provide objective conversational evidence of their cognitive and memory capacity, implicitly undermining the claim of an objective problem. Using conversation analysis, we examine three of the more prominent interactional practices FMD patients draw on when attempting to communicate memory deficits to the doctor – they are (i) contrasts with a standard of ‘normal’; (ii) third‐party observations; and (iii) direct reported speech. These interactional features are recurrent devices for displaying memory concerns as legitimate problems, embedded within patients’ accounts of their day‐to‐day lives.
House dust mite‐driven neutrophilic airway inflammation in mice with TNFAIP3‐deficient myeloid cells is IL‐17‐independent
Authors: Vroman Heleen , Das Tridib , Bergen Ingrid M. , van Hulst Jennifer A. C. , Ahmadi Fatemeh , van Loo Geert , Lubberts Erik , Hendriks Rudi W. , Kool Mirjam 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous disease of the airways that involves several types of granulocytic inflammation. Recently, we have shown that the activation status of myeloid cells regulated by TNFAIP3/A20 is a crucial determinant of eosinophilic or neutrophilic airway inflammation. However, whether neutrophilic inflammation observed in this model is dependent on IL‐17 remains unknown.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated whether IL‐17RA‐signalling is essential for eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation in house dust mite (HDM)‐driven airway inflammation.MethodsTnfaip3fl/flxLyz2+/cre (Tnfaip3LysM‐KO) mice were crossed to Il17raKO mice, generating Tnfaip3LysMIl17raKO mice and subjected to an HDM‐driven airway inflammation model.ResultsBoth eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation observed in HDM‐exposed WT and Tnfaip3LysM‐KO mice respectively were unaltered in the absence of IL‐17RA. Production of IL‐5, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ by CD4+ T cells was similar between WT, Tnfaip3LysM‐KO and Il17raKO mice, whereas mucus‐producing cells in Tnfaip3LysM‐KOIl17raKO mice were reduced compared to controls. Strikingly, spontaneous accumulation of pulmonary Th1, Th17 and γδ‐17 T cells was observed in Tnfaip3LysM‐KOIl17raKO mice, but not in the other genotypes. Th17 cell‐associated cytokines such as GM‐CSF and IL‐22 were increased in the lungs of HDM‐exposed Tnfaip3LysM‐KOIl17raKO mice, compared to IL‐17RA‐sufficient controls. Moreover, neutrophilic chemo‐attractants CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL12 and Th17‐promoting cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 were unaltered between Tnfaip3LysM‐KO and Tnfaip3LysM‐KOIl17raKO mice.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThese findings show that neutrophilic airway inflammation induced by activated TNFAIP3/A20‐deficient myeloid cells can develop in the absence of IL‐17RA‐signalling. Neutrophilic inflammation is likely maintained by similar quantities of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 that can, independently of IL‐17‐signalling, induce the expression of neutrophil chemo‐attractants.
Reliability of clonidine testing for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents
Authors: Ibba Anastasia , Guzzetti Chiara , Casula Letizia , Salerno Mariacarolina , Di Iorgi Natascia , Allegri Anna Maria Elsa , Cappa Marco , Maghnie Mohamad , Loche Sandro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is currently based on clinical, auxological, biochemical and neuro‐radiological investigation. Provocative tests of GH secretion using physiological/pharmacological stimuli are required to confirm GHD. The clonidine test (CT) is widely used to assess GH secretory status. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the reliability of CT and the effect of puberty in a large number of children with short stature who had been evaluated for suspected GHD.Design and patientsData were collected retrospectively from 327 children and adolescents with short stature (204 boys and 123 girls, median age 10.5 years (IQR 7.90‐12.40) followed in four Italian Paediatric Endocrine Units (Cagliari, Genova, Napoli and Roma) between 2005 and 2013.MeasurementsAll children underwent CT as the first GH stimulation test after exclusion of other known cause of their short stature.ResultsIn 73 prepubertal children and 25 pubertal children, the GH peak after CT was <7 μg/L. GHD was confirmed in 87 (37 organic, 50 idiopathic). Six prepubertal and five pubertal patients showed false positive responses. The median BMI‐SDS in these children was similar to that of children with GH peak ≥7 μg/L, and none were obese. Overall, the prevalence of false‐positive responses was 3.3%. The median (IQR) peak GH after CT was similar between prepubertal and pubertal GHD (3.80 μg/L [1.7‐6.00] vs 3.51 μg/L [0.76‐5.74]) and non‐GHD (13.70 μg/L [10.70‐18.40] vs 12.40 μg/L [9.90‐19.25]) children.ConclusionsOur results show that CT is a reliable and safe GH‐releasing agent in both prepubertal and pubertal children.
The malleability of executive function in early childhood: Effects of schooling and targeted training
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Wang Cuiping , Zhao Qianwen , Yang Ling , Buschkuehl Martin , Jaeggi Susanne M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExecutive function (EF), its importance for scholastic achievement and the question of whether or not EF is malleable, have become a topic of intense interest. Education or schooling is often seen as effective approaches to enhance EF due to the specific school‐related requirements as compared to kindergarten or pre‐school. However, no study to date has investigated whether targeted training focusing on those domains might be comparable with regular schooling in improving EF and fluid intelligence (Gf). The aim of the present study was to replicate and extend the previously demonstrated schooling effects on EF by using a school‐cutoff design, and to further investigate whether a theoretically motivated intervention targeting specific EF, i.e., working memory (WM) or inhibitory control (IC), could achieve comparable effects with schooling in both, WM and IC, as well as Gf. 91 6‐year‐old kindergarteners and first‐graders with similar chronological age participated the study. We compared the performance of a first‐grade schooling group with that of two kindergarten training groups as well as a business‐as‐usual kindergarten control group. Participants were assessed in WM, IC and Gf at baseline, immediately after the intervention (posttest), as well as 3 months after training completion (follow‐up). The results showed that the schooling group indeed outperformed the kindergarten groups at baseline in several cognitive tasks. Furthermore, both the WM and IC training showed pronounced gains in the trained tasks, as well as varying degrees of improvement in non‐trained outcome measures. Most importantly, both training groups achieved comparable performance with the schooling group, which was especially apparent in Gf at follow‐up. Our findings provide further evidence for the malleability of EF demonstrating that both, long‐term and short‐term interventions can facilitate the acquisition of those important skills, and as such, our work has important implications for educational practice.
Diagnostic value of emergency medical services provider judgement in the identification of head injuries among trauma patients
Authors: van Rein E. A. J. , Jochems D. , Lokerman R. D. , van der Sluijs R. , Houwert R. M. , Lichtveld R. A. , van Es M. A. , Leenen L. P. H. , van Heijl M. 
Published: September 2018

Background and purposePrevious studies have reported that many patients with a severe head injury are not transported to a higher‐level trauma centre where the necessary round‐the‐clock neurosurgical care is available. The aim of this study was to analyse the diagnostic value of emergency medical services (EMS) provider judgement in the identification of a head injury.MethodsIn this multicentre cohort study, all trauma patients aged 16 years and over who were transported with highest priority to a trauma centre were evaluated. The diagnostic value of EMS provider judgement was determined using an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ≥1 in the head region as reference standard.ResultsA total of 980 (35.4%) of the 2766 patients who were included had a head injury. EMS provider judgement (Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥1) had a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 87.7%. In the cohort, 208 (7.5%) patients had a severe head injury. Of these, 68% were transported to a level I trauma centre.ConclusionsIdentification of a head injury on‐scene is challenging. EMS providers could not identify 32% of the patients with a head injury and 21% of the patients with a severe head injury. Additional education, training and a supplementary protocol with predictors of a severe head injury could help EMS providers in the identification of these patients.
Predicting responsiveness to fampridine in gait‐impaired patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Filli L. , Werner J. , Beyer G. , Reuter K. , Petersen J. A. , Weller M. , Zörner B. , Linnebank M. 
Published: September 2018

Background and purposeFampridine leads to significant improvements in walking in many people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, a relevant proportion of PwMS does not respond to fampridine and predictors of initial drug responsiveness are unknown.MethodsDrug response to prolonged‐release (PR)‐fampridine was assessed in 55 PwMS using the timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and 12‐item multiple sclerosis walking scale as outcome parameters. Patients were treated with PR‐fampridine and placebo for 6 weeks each in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with crossover design (NCT01576354). Possible predictors of drug responsiveness were investigated by multiple correlation analysis and binary logistic regression models. An additional longitudinal analysis followed the drug responses of 32 patients treated with PR‐fampridine over 3 years to identify potential predictors of long‐term drug responsiveness.ResultsSeverity of walking disability was positively correlated with enhanced responses to PR‐fampridine. The strongest single predictor of drug responsiveness was poor 6MWT performance at baseline, which was positively correlated with enhanced drug response in the 6MWT (R = −0.541; P < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model including 6MWT and T25FW baseline performances predicted PR‐fampridine responder status with an accuracy of 85.5% (specificity, 90.0%; sensitivity, 73.3%), with a threshold of 211 m in the 6MWT best separating responders from non‐responders. Enhanced drug responsiveness after 3 years correlated with decline in walking endurance during this period (R = −0.634; P = 0.001).ConclusionsInitial walking impairment is a good predictor of therapeutic responsiveness to PR‐fampridine. Valid predictors of patients’ responsiveness to PR‐fampridine are essential for patient stratification and optimization of multiple slcerosis treatment.
Study on the sintering behavior and characterization of the IGZO ceramics by slip casting
Authors: Liu Yang , Shu Yongchun , Zeng Xueyun , Sun Benshuang , Liang Peng , Zhang Yu , Qiu Chen , Yi Jianhong , He Jilin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐purity In2O3, Ga2O3 and ZnO (In:Ga:Zn = 1:1:1) mixtures were employed to fabricate the IGZO (In‐Ga‐Zn‐O) ceramics by slip casting. The rheological properties and zeta potential of IGZO slurry were analyzed in details. The optimum amount of dispersant used in the IGZO slurry is studied in details. This study investigated the relationship between the phase composition of sintered IGZO ceramics and sintering temperatures. The IGZO ceramics with high density and low resistivity are successfully synthesized in an air atmosphere, and their grain size is distributed uniformly.
Illegal immigration, unemployment, and multiple destinations
Authors: Miyagiwa Kaz , Sato Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe develop a multicountry model of illegal immigration with equilibrium unemployment. Two geographic cases are considered. One has two destinations adjacent to the source country while the other has just one destination country adjacent to it. In both cases, the equilibrium border control proves insufficient compared with the joint optimum, calling for enforcement by federal authorities. Absent such authorities, delegating border control to the country with a larger native labor force can improve each destination country’s welfare. In contrast, the equilibrium internal enforcement policy is efficient, obviating enforcement by supranational authorities.
Low prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients
Authors: Muche Marion , Berg Thomas , Rimpler Sunda , Staedtler Adrienne , Böhm Stefan , Nickel Peter , Baid‐Agrawal Seema 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundOccult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and/or liver in HBsAg‐negative patients. We investigated the prevalence of OBI in large chronic haemodialysis (CHD) and kidney transplant recipients (KTxR) cohorts, including determination of HBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsHBV DNA was determined in both serum and PBMCs in 417 CHD patients, 417 KTxR, 20 HBsAg‐positive non‐CHD non‐KTx patients (positive controls) and 40 HBsAg‐negative healthy subjects (negative controls).ResultsChronic haemodialysis group: two of 376 patients were HBsAg‐positive. The 374 HBsAg‐negative patients tested negative for HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. KTxR group: 14 of 417 patients were HBsAg‐positive. One of 403 HBsAg‐negative patients tested positive for HBV DNA in serum but not in PBMCs. Positive controls: six of 20 patients were under antiviral therapy and had negative HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. In 11 of 14 remaining patients, HBV DNA was detected in serum and in both serum and PBMCs in 3 patients. Negative controls: All 34 patients were anti‐HBc‐negative and HBV DNA‐negative in both serum and PBMCs. In the long term, the only case of anti‐HBc‐negative OBI lost anti‐HBs 5 years after inclusion in the study and showed HBV reactivation with HBsAg re‐seroconversion.ConclusionsWe found nil prevalence of OBI in CHD patients and a very low prevalence (<1%) in KTxR suggesting that routine screening for HBV DNA is not required in CHD population in our region. However, in KTxR, pretransplant screening with HBV DNA should be considered. Testing for HBV DNA in PBMCs does not seem to be of additional value.
Water relations determine short time leaf growth patterns in the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
Authors: Hilty Jonas , Pook Chris , Leuzinger Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution leaf growth is rarely studied despite its importance as a metric for plant performance and resource use efficiency. This is in part due to methodological challenges. Here, we present a method for in situ leaf growth measurements in a natural environment. We measured instantaneous leaf growth on a mature Avicennia marina subsp. australasica tree over several weeks. We measured leaf expansion by taking time‐lapse images and analysing them using marker tracking software. A custom‐made instrument was designed to enable long‐term field studies. We detected a distinct diel growth pattern with leaf area shrinkage in the morning and leaf expansion in the afternoon and at night. On average, the observed daily shrinkage was 37% of the net growth. Most of the net growth occurred at night. Diel leaf area shrinkage and recovery continued after growth cessation. The amount of daily growth was negatively correlated with shrinkage, and instantaneous leaf growth and shrinkage were correlated with changes in leaf turgor. We conclude that, at least in this tree species, instantaneous leaf growth patterns are very strongly linked to, and most likely driven by, leaf water relations, suggesting decoupling of short‐term growth patterns from carbon assimilation.
Effects of cryoprotectants and cryoprotectant combinations on viability and maturation rates of Camelus dromedarius oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage
Authors: Moawad Moustafa , Hussein Hassan A. , Abd El‐Ghani Mohamed , Darwish Gamal , Badr Magdy 
Published: September 2018

ContentsCamel fertility faces many problems, which could be solved by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). We designed the experiment to explore the effect of different cryoprotectant concentrations and combinations on viability and maturation rates of vitrified/warmed camel oocytes. We collected ovaries directly after slaughtering from local abattoir and transported them to laboratory in a thermo‐flask containing normal physiological saline. We aspirated the oocytes from follicles, which is 2–8 mm in diameter, washed three times in TCM‐199 and then examined under stereo‐microscope for selection. We selected morphologically normal oocytes with an evenly granulated cytoplasm and a compact cumulus cell layer. We equilibrated morphologically normal oocytes in equilibration solution (ES), which is half concentration of vitrification one. After equilibration, We transported oocytes to vitrification solution using ethylene glycol (EG, 40%), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, 40%) and EG 40% + DMSO 40%. The obtained results revealed that addition of EG 40% + DMSO 40% resulted in the best quality of vitrified/warmed oocytes, which is demonstrated by higher per cent survival rate (90.16%) and maturation rate (58.95%). While DMSO 40% resulted in 62.79% and 29.54%, respectively, EG 40% reported 86.11% and 53.47%, respectively. We could conclude that vitrification of immature camel oocytes by using 40% EG + 40% DMSO is suitable methods to limit drawbacks of vitrification methods, and we need further studies to assess the ability of in vitro‐produced blastocyst to develop in vivo and establish pregnancy after embryo transfer.
An den Frieden glauben!? Die Entstehung von Iwands Friedenstheologie aus seiner Seelsorge in der Not und der Anfechtung der ersten Nachkriegsjahre
Authors: Hertog Gerard den 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In the first years after the end of World War II, Hans Joachim Iwand (1899-1960) was inten­sely engaged for repentance and a radical farewell to the wanderings of the Third Reich in church, society and the political realm. This article traces how he, in doing so, elaborated a genuine theology of peace while practicing pastoral care to refugees from East Prussia. Iwand experienced the antithesis between East and West, resulting in a gradual development of the »Cold War«, as a temptation originating from the continuation of the dualistic worldview of Nazi-ideology. His theological approach is characterized by advancing the question of who and where God is, thus rethinking and renewing Luther’s theology of the cross.
Liturgiewissenschaft zwischen Geschichte und Gegenwart Zum Profil heutiger Liturgiegeschichtsforschung
Authors: Kranemann Benedikt 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Um den christlichen Gottesdienst in seiner Komplexität verstehen zu können, ist die Kenntnis seiner Geschichte unverzichtbar. Die Liturgiewissenschaft mit ihrer spezifischen Fachkompe­tenz zur Erforschung religiöser Rituale muss dafür Liturgie als performatives Geschehen und als religiöse Praxis in den Blick nehmen. Sie darf nicht allein bei Texten stehen bleiben. Sie ist auf Interdisziplinarität innerhalb der Theologie und der Kulturwissenschaften angewiesen. Das liturgiegeschichtliche Wissen hilft, das Verhältnis der unterschiedlichen konfessionellen Liturgien zu verstehen, und unterstützt die Ökumene
Das Reformationsjubiläum zwischen Erinnerungskultur und Eventgestaltung Der Versuch eines Rückblicks
Authors: Jung Volker 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Reformationsjubiläum 2017 war durch eine vielfältige Erinnerungs- und Eventkultur geprägt. Die Konzeption stand nicht vorab fest, sie wurde in der Gestaltung des Reformations­jubiläums als Reformationsdekade entwickelt. Ergebnisse der kirchenhistorischen Forschung wurden einbezogen und zugleich nach der Relevanz für Gegenwart und Zukunft gefragt. Das Reformationsjubiläum war historisch-diskursiv, international und ökumenisch ausgerichtet und wurde zu einem Beteiligungsjubiläum, Bildungsereignis und Motivationsschub.
Interreligiöse Kompetenz als Herausforderung pastoralen Handelns
Authors: Fendler Folkert 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel benennt überblicksartig Gemeinsamkeiten und spezifische Unterschiede im Ver­ständnis interreligiöser Kompetenz. In einem abgestuften Kompetenzmodell, das von der Wahrnehmung interreligiöser Phänomene über deren Deutung und Beurteilung bis hin zur Handlungskompetenz reicht, werden die diskursive Kompetenz (Bildung), die spirituell-ku­rative Kompetenz (Seelsorge) und die rituell-gestalterische Kompetenz (Gottesdienst) als Spezifika der jeweiligen Handlungsfelder ausgemacht
Tradition as innovation: Dialect revalorization and maximal orthographic distinction in rural Norwegian writing
Authors: Strand Thea R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn rural Valdres, Norway, the traditional regional dialect, called Valdresmål, has become an important resource for popular style and local development projects. Stigmatized through much of the twentieth century for its association with poor, rural, “backward” farmers and culture, Valdresmål has been thoroughly revalorized, with particularly high status among local youth and those involved in business and tourism. While today’s parents and grandparents attest to historical pressures to adopt normative urban linguistic forms, many in Valdres now proclaim dialect pride and have re-embraced spoken Valdresmål in various forms of public, interdialectal communication. In addition, Valdres natives also make abundant and creative use of dialect on social media, the primary locus for written Valdresmål and for emergent orthographic norms representing local speech, including strategies of maximal sociolinguistic distinction. This innovative use of written Valdresmål has been taken up by local businesses as a marketing strategy in recent years, as well, further normalizing and legitimating nonstandard forms. In the ongoing revalorization of traditional Valdresmål, it is also, inevitably, transformed—linguistically, socially, and ideologically—as it enters and circulates within new and innovative cultural domains: while widespread written Valdresmål challenges the normal sociolinguistic order, in such a process the dialect is also refunctionalized and, perhaps, increasingly standardized.