bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Assay for the Determination of Ethyl Palmitate in Hair
Authors: Bastiani M F , Lizot L L F , Da Silva A C C , Hahn R Z , Dries S S , Perassolo M S , Antunes M V , Linden R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of hair as a matrix for the evaluation of chronic ethanol drinking behavior presents the advantage of a longer window of detection and higher specificity when compared to classical biochemical markers. The most recent recommendations the Society of Hair Testing (SOHT) indicate that ethyl palmitate (EtP) hair levels can be used to estimate the ethanol drinking behavior, alternatively to the combined measurement of four main fatty acid ethyl esters. In this study, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) conditions for the extraction of EtP from hair were optimized using response surface analysis, after a Box–Behnken experiment. Analyses were performed by GC-MS. The optimized HS-SPME conditions, using a PDMS-DVB (65 μm) fiber, were pre-adsorption time of 6 min, extraction time of 60 min and incubation temperature of 94°C. The linear range was 0.05 to 3 ng mg−1, with accuracy within 95.15–109.91%. Between-assay and within-assay precision were 8.58–12.53 and 6.12–6.82%, respectively. The extraction yield was 61.3–71.9%. The assay was applied to hair specimens obtained from 46 volunteers, all presenting EtP levels within the linear range of the assay. Using a statistically designed experiment, a sensitive SPME-GC-MS assay for the measurement of EtP in hair was developed and validated, requiring only 20 mg of hair.
Comparing the Effect of Gabapentin, Ketamine, Dexmedetomidine, and Entonox on Pain Control in Burn Wound Dressing
Authors: Chaghazardi Simin , Hedari Mohammadbagher , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Mohammadi Reza , Ahmadi Alireza 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate differences in the experience of pain, nausea, and vomiting, as well as the hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in burn patients across four pain treatment groups—i.e., gabapentin, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and entonox. In a single blinded randomized comparative study, 25 burn patients with second- or third-degree burns between 20% and 50% of their body surface were assigned to different treatment groups by using block randomization, while keeping the investigator blind to the size of the block. We recorded demographics, the hemodynamics, adverse effects, and pain levels before the treatment and again 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes postadministration of pain medication (after-treatment). Gabapentin ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and entonox had significant effects in treatment of pain in burn patients. Entonox had the best analgesic effect with the least adverse effects and hemodynamic changes. Gabapentin also had good pain management effects; however, it showed less desirable effects on hemodynamic variables. Entonox caused the least amount of hemodynamic changes and the least adverse reactions, but since the medication is delivered by a facemask it limited its application with our patients. Gabapentin offered good benefits but caused a gradual drop in BP and HR and had some unfavorable reactions. However, since it is administered orally and often is cheaper, it could be considered as the drug of choice.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yan Xun , Shahid Arain Muhammad , Lin Yinying , Gu Xinghui , Zhang Limeng , Li Jiangzhou , Han Richou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Spodoptera litura (F.) is an obnoxious cosmopolitan pest that causes serious damage to different economic crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have the potential to control the S. litura larvae. Fifteen EPN isolates were screened, and Steinernema sp. 64-2, four isolates of S. carpocapsae (Weiser), S. longicaudum (Shen & Wang) X-7, and two isolates of H. indica (Poinar, Karunaka & David) were found to cause higher mortality of the second, third, and fourth instars of S. litura than the other tested isolates, with larval mortality rates > 90% after 48 h of exposure. An exposure rate of 12.5 infective juveniles per larva was enough for S. carpocapsae A24, All, and G-R3a-2 and S. longicaudum X-7 to cause 100% mortality of the second instar, and for S. longicaudum X-7 and H. indica 212-2 to cause 100% mortality of the third instar. Five EPN isolates were tested on their virulence at different temperatures and found that all the five EPN isolates performed well against the S. litura larvae at 25 and 30°C, but were not active at 10 and 15°C. Two S. carpocapsae isolates (All and Mex) were virulent against the S. litura larvae at lower temperatures. The five tested EPN isolates were also found to have the ability to infect and kill the pupae of S. litura in the laboratory. The present study further proves that EPN are effective at controlling S. litura, which may partially substitute the use of chemical insecticides, thus reduce the overuse of chemical insecticides.
Functional Responses of Three Candidate Asian Larval Parasitoids Evaluated for Classical Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Wang Xingeng , Biondi Antonio , Daane Kent M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii has become a key invasive pest of soft- and thin-skinned fruit crops in its invaded regions in Europe and Americas, where naturally occurring natural enemies are generally not effective for the suppression of this pest or largely absent such as larval-attacking parasitoids. As a part of systematic evaluations of candidate agents for classical biological control of this invasive pest, we evaluated the functional responses of three Asian-native larval hymenopteran parasitoids, Asobara japonica (Braconidae), Ganaspis brasiliensis, and Leptopilina japonica (both Figitidae) to D. suzukii or Drosophila melanogaster (A. japonica only) larvae. Host larval densities were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 larvae per test for A. japonica and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, or 42 larvae per test for G. brasiliensis or L. japonica. Host larvae were provided in standard artificial diet in tubes for a 24-h exposure to individual female parasitoids under the quarantine conditions (23°C). All three parasitoids showed a linear (type I) functional response to the tested host densities. Host species (for A. japonica only) did not affect the number of hosts parasitized or the functional response. Asobara japonica was more efficient than either figitid in terms of the searching efficiency while L. japonica preformed slightly better than G. brasiliensis under the tested conditions. The results are discussed with respect to the selection of parasitoid species to be released in North America and Europe to suppress D. suzukii.
Association Between Plasma Diacetylspermine and Tumor Spermine Synthase With Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes F , Vykoukal Jody , Fleury Alia , Tripathi Satyendra , Dennison Jennifer B , Murage Eunice , Wang Peng , Yu Chuan-Yih , Capello Michela , Creighton Chad J , Do Kim-Anh , Long James P , Irajizad Ehsan , Peterson Christine , Katayama Hiroyuki , Disis Mary L , Arun Banu , Hanash Samir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
MYC is an oncogenic driver of development and progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism, is a transcriptional target of MYC. We therefore hypothesized that a plasma polyamine signature may be predictive of TNBC development and progression.

Methods
Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, polyamine levels were determined in plasma samples from newly diagnosed patients with TNBC (n = 87) and cancer-free controls (n = 115). Findings were validated in plasma samples from an independent prospective cohort of 54 TNBC, 55 estrogen receptor negative (ER−) and progesterone receptor negative (PR−) and HER2 positive (HER2+), and 73 ER+ case patients, and 30 cancer-free control subjects. Gene expression data and clinical data for 921 and 2359 breast cancer tumors were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository and the Oncomine database, respectively. Relationships between plasma diacetylspermine (DAS) and tumor spermine synthase (SMS) mRNA expression with metastasis-free survival and overall survival were determined using Cox proportional hazard models; Fisher exact tests were used to assess risk of distant metastasis in relation to tumor SMS mRNA expression.

Results
An increase in plasma DAS, a catabolic product of spermine mediated through SMS, was observed in the TNBC subtype of breast cancer. Plasma levels of DAS in TNBC associated with increased risk of metastasis (plasma DAS value ≥ 1.16, hazard ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 8.13, two-sided P = .03). SMS mRNA expression in TNBC tumor tissue was also found to be predictive of poor overall survival (top 25th percentile hazard ratio = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.04 to 4.08, one-sided P = .04) and increased risk of distant metastasis in TNBC (comparison of lowest SMS quartile [reference] to highest SMS quartile relative risk = 1.90, 95% CI = 0.97 to 4.06, one-sided Fisher exact test P=.03).

Conclusions
Metabolomic profiling identified plasma DAS as a predictive marker for TNBC progression and metastasis.
Spectral variations of Lyman $\alpha$ emission within strongly lensed sources observed with MUSE
Authors: Claeyssens A , Richard J , Blaizot J , Garel T , Leclercq F , Patrício V , Verhamme A , Wisotzki L , Bacon R , Carton D , Clément B , Herenz E C , Marino R A , Muzahid S , Saust R , Schaye J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of ${\rm H\,\rm{\small {I}}}$ Lyman $\alpha$ emission in deep VLT/MUSE observations of two highly magnified and extended galaxies at $z=3.5$ and 4.03, including a newly discovered, almost complete Einstein ring. While these Lyman $\alpha$ haloes are intrinsically similar to the ones typically seen in other MUSE deep fields, the benefits of gravitational lensing allow us to construct exceptionally detailed maps of Lyman $\alpha$ line properties at sub-kpc scales. By combining all multiple images, we are able to observe complex structures in the Lyman $\alpha$ emission and uncover small ($\sim120$ km s−1 in Lyman $\alpha$ peak shift), but significant at $ \gt $4 $\sigma$, systematic variations in the shape of the Lyman $\alpha$ line profile within each halo. Indeed, we observe a global trend for the line peak shift to become redder at large radii, together with a strong correlation between the peak wavelength and line width. This systematic intrahalo variation is markedly similar to the object-to-object variations obtained from the integrated properties of recent large samples. Regions of high surface brightness correspond to relatively small line shifts, which could indicate that Lyman $\alpha$ emission escapes preferentially from regions where the line profile has been less severely affected by scattering of Lyman $\alpha$ photons.
From the outside looking in: what can Milky Way analogues tell us about the star formation rate of our own galaxy?
Authors: Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Merrifield Michael , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The Milky Way has been described as an anaemic spiral, but is its star formation rate (SFR) unusually low when compared to its peers? To answer this question, we define a sample of Milky Way analogues (MWAs) based on stringent cuts on the best literature estimates of non-transient structural features for the Milky Way. This selection yields only 176 galaxies from the whole of the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample which have morphological classifications in Galaxy Zoo 2, from which we infer SFRs from two separate indicators. The mean SFRs found are $\log (\rm {SFR}_{SED}/\rm {M}_{\odot }~\rm {yr}^{-1})=0.53$ with a standard deviation of 0.23 dex from SED fits, and $\log (\rm {SFR}_{W4}/\rm {M}_{\odot }~\rm {yr}^{-1})=0.68$ with a standard deviation of 0.41 dex from a mid-infrared calibration. The most recent estimate for the Milky Way’s SFR of $\log (\rm {SFR}_{MW}/\rm {M}_{\odot }~\rm {yr}^{-1})=0.22$ fits well within 2$\sigma$ of these values, where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of each of the SFR indicator distributions. We infer that the Milky Way, while being a galaxy with a somewhat low SFR, is not unusual when compared to similar galaxies.
Star formation histories of dwarf galaxies in the FIRE simulations: dependence on mass and Local Group environment
Authors: Garrison-Kimmel Shea , Wetzel Andrew , Hopkins Philip F , Sanderson Robyn , El-Badry Kareem , Graus Andrew , Chan T K , Feldmann Robert , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Hayward Christopher C , Bullock James S , Fitts Alex , Samuel Jenna , Wheeler Coral , Kereš Dušan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We study star formation histories (SFHs) of 500 dwarf galaxies (stellar mass $M_\ast =10^5\!-\!10^9\, \rm {M}_\odot$) from FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. We compare dwarfs around individual Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies, dwarfs in Local Group (LG)-like environments, and true field (i.e. isolated) dwarf galaxies. We reproduce observed trends wherein higher mass dwarfs quench later (if at all), regardless of environment. We also identify differences between the environments, both in terms of ‘satellite versus central’ and ‘LG versus individual MW versus isolated dwarf central.’ Around the individual MW-mass hosts, we recover the result expected from environmental quenching: central galaxies in the ‘near field’ have more extended SFHs than their satellite counterparts, with the former more closely resemble isolated (true field) dwarfs (though near-field centrals are still somewhat earlier forming). However, this difference is muted in the LG-like environments, where both near-field centrals and satellites have similar SFHs, which resemble satellites of single MW-mass hosts. This distinction is strongest for M* = 106–$10^7\, \rm {M}_\odot$ but exists at other masses. Our results suggest that the paired halo nature of the LG may regulate star formation in dwarf galaxies even beyond the virial radii of the MW and Andromeda. Caution is needed when comparing zoom-in simulations targeting isolated dwarf galaxies against observed dwarf galaxies in the LG.
HELP: a catalogue of 170 million objects, selected at 0.36–4.5 μm, from 1270 deg2 of prime extragalactic fields
Authors: Shirley Raphael , Roehlly Yannick , Hurley Peter D , Buat Veronique , Campos Varillas María del Carmen , Duivenvoorden Steven , Duncan Kenneth J , Efstathiou Andreas , Farrah Duncan , González Solares Eduardo , Malek Katarzyna , Marchetti Lucia , McCheyne Ian , Papadopoulos Andreas , Pons Estelle , Scipioni Roberto , Vaccari Mattia , Oliver Seb 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an optical to near-infrared (NIR) selected astronomical catalogue covering 1270 deg2. This is the first attempt to systematically combine data from 23 of the premier extragalactic survey fields – the product of a vast investment of telescope time. The fields are those imaged by the Herschel Space Observatory that form the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP). Our catalogue of 170 million objects is constructed by a positional cross-match of 51 public surveys. This high-resolution optical, NIR, and mid-infrared catalogue is designed for photometric redshift estimation, extraction of fluxes in lower resolution far-infrared maps, and spectral energy distribution modelling. It collates, standardizes, and provides value added derived quantities including corrected aperture magnitudes and astrometry correction over the Herschel extragalactic wide fields for the first time. $grizy$ fluxes are available on all fields with g-band data reaching $5\sigma$ point-source depths in a 2 arcsec aperture of 23.5, 24.4, and 24.6 (AB) mag at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, by area covered, across all HELP fields. It has K or $K_s$ coverage over 1146 deg2 with depth percentiles of 20.2, 20.4, and 21.0 mag, respectively. The IRAC Ch 1 band is available over 273 deg2 with depth percentiles of 17.7, 21.4, and 22.2 mag, respectively. This paper defines the ‘masterlist’ objects for the first data release (DR1) of HELP. This large sample of standardized total and corrected aperture fluxes, uniform quality flags, and completeness measures provides large well-understood statistical samples over the full Herschel extragalactic sky.
Slow decline and rise of the broad [O iii] emission line in globular cluster black hole candidate RZ2109
Authors: Dage Kristen C , Zepf Stephen E , Bahramian Arash , Strader Jay , Maccarone Thomas J , Peacock Mark B , Kundu Arunav , Steele Matthew M , Britt Christopher T 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
RZ2109 is the first of several extragalactic globular clusters shown to host an ultraluminous X-ray source. RZ2109 is particularly notable because optical spectroscopy shows it has broad, luminous [O iii] λλ4959,5007 emission, while also having no detectable hydrogen emission. The X-ray and optical characteristics of the source in RZ2109 make it a good candidate for being a stellar mass black hole accreting from a white dwarf donor (i.e. an ultracompact black hole X-ray binary). In this paper we present optical spectroscopic monitoring of the [O iii]5007 emission line from 2007 to 2018. We find that the flux of the emission line is significantly lower in recent observations from 2016 to 2018 than it was in earlier observations in 2007–2011. We also explore the behaviour of the emission line shape over time. Both the core and the wings of the emission line decline over time, with some evidence that the core declines more rapidly than the wings. However, the most recent observations (in 2019) unexpectedly show the emission line core rebrightening
Studying the Solar system dynamics using pulsar timing arrays and the LINIMOSS dynamical model
Authors: Guo Y J , Li G Y , Lee K J , Caballero R N 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be used to study the Solar system ephemeris (SSE), the errors of which can lead to correlated timing residuals and significantly contribute to the PTA noise budget. Most Solar system studies with PTAs assume the dominance of the term from the shift of the Solar system barycentre (SSB). However, it is unclear to which extent this approximation can be valid, since the perturbations on the planetary orbits may become important as data precision keeps increasing. To better understand the effects of SSE uncertainties on pulsar timing, we develop the linimoss dynamical model of the Solar system, based on the SSE of Guangyu Li. Using the same input parameters as DE435, the calculated planetary positions by linimoss are compatible with DE435 at centimetre level over a 20 yr timespan, which is sufficiently precise for pulsar-timing applications. We utilize linimoss to investigate the effects of SSE errors on pulsar timing in a fully dynamical way, by perturbing one SSE parameter per trial and examining the induced timing residuals. For the outer planets, the timing residuals are dominated by the SSB shift, as assumed in previous work. For the inner planets, the variations in the orbit of the Earth are more prominent, making previously adopted assumptions insufficient. The power spectra of the timing residuals have complex structures, which may introduce false signals in the search of gravitational waves. We also study how to infer the SSE parameters using PTAs, and calculate the accuracy of parameter estimation.
Galactic habitability re-examined: indications of bimodality
Authors: Stojković N , Vukotić B , Martinović N , Ćirković M M , Micic M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe problem of the extent of habitable zones in different kinds of galaxies is one of the outstanding challenges for contemporary astrobiology. In the present study, we investigate habitability in a large sample of simulated galaxies from the illustris Project in order to at least roughly quantify the hospitality to life of different galactic types. The pioneering study of Dayal et al. is critically examined and some of its results are amended. In particular, we find a tentative evidence for a second mode of galactic habitability comprising metal-rich dwarfs similar to IC 225, LMC, or M32. The role of the galactic environment and the observation-selection effects is briefly discussed and prospects for further research on the topic outlined.
Long-term multiwavelength view of the blazar 1ES 1218+304
Authors: Singh K K , Bisschoff B , van Soelen B , Tolamatti A , Marais J P , Meintjes P J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present a multiwavelength study of the blazar 1ES 1218+304 using near simultaneous observations over 10 yr during the period 2008 September 1 to 2018 August 31 (MJD 54710–58361). We have analysed data from Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, and Fermi-LAT to study the long term behaviour of 1ES 1218+304 in different energy bands over the last decade. We have also used the archival data from OVRO, MAXI, and Swift-BAT available during the above period. The near simultaneous data on 1ES 1218+304 suggest that the long term multiwavelength emission from the source is steady and does not show any significant change in the source activity. The optical/UV fluxes are found to be dominated by the host galaxy emission and can be modelled using the pegase code. However, the time averaged X-ray and γ-ray emissions from the source are reproduced using a single zone leptonic model with log-parabolic distribution for the radiating particles. The intrinsic very high energy γ-ray emission during a low activity state of the source is broadly consistent with the predictions of the leptonic model for blazars. We have investigated the physical properties of the jet and the mass of the supermassive black hole at the centre of the host galaxy using long term X-ray observations from the Swift-XRT which is in agreement with the value derived using blackbody approximation of the host galaxy. We also discuss the extreme nature of the source on the basis of X-ray and γ-ray observations.
X-ray light curves from realistic polar cap models: inclined pulsar magnetospheres and multipole fields
Authors: Lockhart Will , Gralla Samuel E , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Thermal X-ray emission from rotation-powered pulsars is believed to originate from localized ‘hotspots’ on the stellar surface occurring where large-scale currents from the magnetosphere return to heat the atmosphere. Light-curve modelling has primarily been limited to simple models, such as circular antipodal emitting regions with constant temperature. We calculate more realistic temperature distributions within the polar caps, taking advantage of recent advances in magnetospheric theory, and we consider their effect on the predicted light curves. The emitting regions are non-circular even for a pure dipole magnetic field, and the inclusion of an aligned magnetic quadrupole moment introduces a north–south asymmetry. As the quadrupole moment is increased, one hotspot grows in size before becoming a thin ring surrounding the star. For the pure dipole case, moving to the more realistic model changes the light curves by $5\!-\!10{{\, \rm per\, cent}}$ for millisecond pulsars, helping to quantify the systematic uncertainty present in current dipolar models. Including the quadrupole gives considerable freedom in generating more complex light curves. We explore whether these simple dipole+quadrupole models can account for the qualitative features of the light curve of PSR J0437−4715.