bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident Stress Level during Steps of Cataract Surgery
Authors: Rali Aditya , Fontus Jerry , Ward Laura , Aaron Maria , Jones Jeremy , Moore Elliot , Khalifa Yousuf 
Published: November 2018

Purpose To investigate intraoperative stress levels using heart rate monitoring during each step of cataract surgery.
Setting Single tertiary hospital.
Design Observational study recording resident heart rate as a measure of acute stress level during cataract surgeries.
Methods Emory ophthalmology postgraduate year (PGY) 3 and PGY-4 residents operating at Grady Memorial Hospital during the time period of the study were eligible to participate. Chest-strapped Bluetooth devices recorded heart rate during the surgeries. The mean, maximum, and minimum heart rates were then analyzed individually for the following steps of surgery: incisions, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, hydrodissection, nucleus disassembly, quadrant removal, cortical cleanup, intraocular lens insertion, and closure. Data collection started in April 2017 and ended in February 2018.
Results Out of the 549 surgeries recorded, 427 yielded viable data. Across that dataset, quadrant removal had the highest adjusted mean heart rate value (90.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.9–97.7; p < 0.0001), highest adjusted maximum heart rate value (97.3; 95% CI: 89.5–105.3; p < 0.0001), and highest adjusted minimum heart rate value (82.1; 95% CI: 75.2–89; p < 0.0001). Nuclear disassembly and incisions were second and third highest, respectively.
Conclusions Quadrant removal, nucleus disassembly, and incisions are the three most stressful steps for resident surgeons. This knowledge should be applied to enhance the resident experience by emphasizing these steps during surgical preparation and training. Future studies using intraoperative heart rate monitoring may be warranted to better understand the resident and attending experience and ultimately improve surgical outcomes.
Characterisation and properties of Ni–W–Y2O3–ZrO2 nanocomposite coating
Authors: Zhang Ruiyu , Li Zili , Yu Xin , Cui Gan 
Published: November 2018

In this work, nickel-based composite coatings were deposited using ultrasonic electrodeposition under pulse current condition at different current densities, temperatures and concentrations of Y2O3 and/or ZrO2 dispersed in the plating solution. The morphology and electrochemical properties were investigated. The electrochemical test methods (such as chronopotentiometry, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) were used to investigate the stability of electrode potential during deposition and the corrosion resistance of Ni-based coating reinforced using Y2O3 and ZrO2. It was demonstrated that, when the deposition current density was 1.5 A dm−2, the temperature was 60°C and the added amount of Y2O3 and ZrO2 nanoparticles was 10 g L−1 each, the coating was compact, stable and free of cracks. The results of electrochemical tests showed that, under the optimal deposition parameters, the deposition process was stable, while the corrosion current density decreased by an order of magnitude compared to Ni–W alloy.
Apolipoprotein A-I directly interacts with extracellular domain 1 of human ABCA1
Authors: Kawanobe Takaaki , Shiranaga Naoko , Kioka Noriyuki , Kimura Yasuhisa , Ueda Kazumitsu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is critical for the generation of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and plays important roles in cholesterol homeostasis. ABCA1 has two large extracellular domains (ECDs), which may interact directly with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL formation and the importance of ABCA1–apoA-I interactions in HDL formation remain unclear. We investigated the ABCA1–apoA-I interaction in photo-activated crosslinking experiments using sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I. ApoA-I bound to cells expressing ABCA1, but not to untransfected cells or cells expressing non-functional ABCA1. Binding was inhibited by sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I, and crosslinking of sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I with ABCA1 was inhibited by non-labeled apoA-I, suggesting that sulfo-SBED–labeled apoA-I specifically binds and crosslinks with functional ABCA1. Proteolytic digestion of crosslinked ABCA1 revealed that apoA-I bound the N-terminal half of ABCA1, and that the first ECD of ABCA1 is an apoA-I binding site.
Abbreviations: ABC: ATP-binding cassette; apoA-I: apolipoprotein A-I; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; CHAPS: 3-(3-cholamidepropyl)dimethylammonio-1- propanesulphonate; DTT: dithiothreitol; ECD: extra cellular domain; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HA: hemagglutinin; HDL: high density lipoprotein; HEK: human embryonic kidney; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; sulfo-SBED: (sulfosuccinimidyl-2-[6-(biotinamido)-2-(p-azidobenzamido)hexanoamido] ethyl-1,3ʹ-dithiopropionate; NHS-ester, N-hydroxysuccinimide-ester
Effects of extracellular ATP on local and systemic responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) leaves to wounding
Authors: Wang Qing-Wen , Jia Lin-Yun , Shi Dai-Long , Wang Rong-fang , Lu Li-Na , Xie Jia-Jia , Sun Kun , Feng Han-Qing , Li Xin 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Wounding increased the extracellular Adenosine 5ʹ-triphosphate (eATP) level of kidney bean leaves. Treatment with wounding or exogenous ATP increased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, and malondialdehyde content in both the treated and systemic leaves. Pre-treatment with ATP-degrading enzyme, apyrase, to the wounded leaves reduced the wound-induced local and systemic increases in H2O2 content, activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, and malondialdehyde content. Application of dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) to the wounded and ATP-treated leaves, respectively, reduced the wound- and ATP-induced local and systemic increases in H2O2 content, activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, the wound- and ATP-induced systemic increases of these physiological parameters were suppressed when DMTU or DPI applied to leaf petiole of the wounded and ATP-treated leaves. These results suggest that eATP at wounded sites could mediate the wound-induced local and systemic responses by H2O2-dependent signal transduction.
Computational prediction and analysis of species-specific fungi phosphorylation via feature optimization strategy
Authors: Cao Man , Chen Guodong , Yu Jialin , Shi Shaoping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a reversible and ubiquitous post-translational modification that primarily occurs at serine, threonine and tyrosine residues and regulates a variety of biological processes. In this paper, we first briefly summarized the current progresses in computational prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites, which mainly focused on animals and plants, especially on human, with a less extent on fungi. Since the number of identified fungi phosphorylation sites has greatly increased in a wide variety of organisms and their roles in pathological physiology still remain largely unknown, more attention has been paid on the identification of fungi-specific phosphorylation. Here, experimental fungi phosphorylation sites data were collected and most of the sites were classified into different types to be encoded with various features and trained via a two-step feature optimization method. A novel method for prediction of species-specific fungi phosphorylation-PreSSFP was developed, which can identify fungi phosphorylation in seven species for specific serine, threonine and tyrosine residues (http://computbiol.ncu.edu.cn/PreSSFP). Meanwhile, we critically evaluated the performance of PreSSFP and compared it with other existing tools. The satisfying results showed that PreSSFP is a robust predictor. Feature analyses exhibited that there have some significant differences among seven species. The species-specific prediction via two-step feature optimization method to mine important features for training could considerably improve the prediction performance. We anticipate that our study provides a new lead for future computational analysis of fungi phosphorylation.
Work-Family Conflict and Work Exit in Later Career Stage
Authors: Xue Baowen , Fleischmann Maria , Head Jenny , McMunn Anne , Stafford Mai 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated relationships between work–family conflict and routes of later-life work exit.

Methods
We used a cohort of British civil servants (5,157 men; 2,027 women) who participated in the Whitehall II study. Work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) were measured up to three times over 10 years. Cause-specific Cox models were used to assess the influence of WIF/FIW on particular routes (“retirement,” “health-related exit,” “unemployment,” or “homemaker/other”) of work exit in later career stage and all routes combined.

Results
WIF was not associated with any route of work exit in men or women, after adjusting for confounders. For perceived higher FIW, men were less likely to exit work through retirement, homemaker/other, or all routes combined. This was not attenuated by adding family factors or working conditions. Women with higher FIW were more likely to exit through the homemaker route. This was no longer significant after adjusting for family factors. Neither FIW nor WIF was associated with health-related exit or unemployment.

Discussion
FIW makes women more likely to become a homemaker at later career stage but reduces the risk of leaving work for men, which may reinforce gender inequality in work participation.
Stock collapse or stock recovery? Contrasting perceptions of a depleted cod stock
Authors: Cook R M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
ICES assessments of cod (Gadus morhua) in the west of Scotland (ICES Division 6a) suggest the biomass has collapsed and that fishing mortality rate (F) has remained high. In contrast, other stocks in the same fishery, and adjacent cod stocks all show marked declines in fishing mortality and some recovery of the biomass. The perception of the status of 6a cod appears to be dependent on the assumption that the fishery exploitation pattern is flat topped. An assessment that allows the exploitation to take a domed shape produces results that suggest a marked decline in fishing mortality rate and that the spawning stock biomass has recovered to the minimum biomass reference point, Blim. The reduction in F is consistent with substantial reductions in fishing effort and shows a similar pattern to stocks taken within the same fishery. The management implications arising from the two assessments differ substantially. The analysis indicates that benchmark assessments need to test assessment model conditioning assumptions more widely and that management advice needs to consider a more comprehensive range of information about the stock and fishery.
The Legacy of ‘ Ariadne’ and the Melodramatic Sublime
Authors: Glatthorn Austin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Georg Benda’s Ariadne auf Naxos (1775) was an immediate success. By the end of the century, not only was it in the repertory of nearly every German theatre, but it was also one of the few German-language pieces translated for performances across Europe. Central to this melodrama—traditionally defined as an alternation of emotional declamation and pantomime with instrumental music—is its evocation of the sublime. Though scholars have posited Ariadne and its defining aesthetics as a model employed in subsequent Romantic opera, such teleological readings overlook reform melodramas that embraced vocal music and localized sublime moments. I argue that these works, rather than Ariadne, pushed melodrama’s generic boundaries to the verge of opera and in the process provided instrumental music with the power to express the sublime without the aid of text. This exploration offers fresh insight into melodrama’s music–text relations, generic hybridity, and aesthetic entanglements with opera and symphonic music.
Thoracic Discectomy Through a Unilateral Transpedicular or Costotransversectomy Approach With Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Wessell Aaron , Mushlin Harry , Fleming Charles , Lewis Evan , Sansur Charles 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The disc location, extent of calcification, limited visualization of the ventral cord, and tenuous blood supply to the thoracic spinal cord pose unique technical challenges when surgically treating thoracic disc herniation.

OBJECTIVE
To report our initial experience with a series of cases in which intraoperative ultrasound image guidance was used for thoracic discectomy through a unilateral transpedicular or costotransversectomy approach.

METHODS
Five patients (n = 5) underwent a transpedicular approach and five (n = 5) underwent costotransversectomy for thoracic discectomy. Pre- and postoperative clinical records, operative reports, disc location/calcification, and complications were reviewed.

RESULTS
There were 6 (n = 6) males and 4 (n = 4) females with an average age of 54 yr (range: 33-74). All patients had symptoms attributable to a single-level of thoracic disc herniation. Discs were classified as central (n = 5) and paracentral (n = 5). Preoperative CT and/or intraoperative visualization demonstrated calcified disc material in 6 (n = 6) patients. Final outcomes data at last follow-up was available for 9 of 10 patients. Eight of these nine patients experienced a return to normal baseline functional status. Postoperative imaging confirmed that no wrong-level surgeries were performed. The mean length of follow-up was 20.4 wk (range 4-48).

CONCLUSION
Thoracic discectomy with ultrasound visualization via a unilateral transpedicular or costotransversectomy approach is safe and effective for treatment of central and paracentral calcified disc herniations. This tool improves the safety profile of thoracic discectomy and allows for treatment of thoracic discs through less invasive approaches.
Surgical Resection of a Cavernous Malformation of the Anterior Perforated Substance: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Alturki Abdulrahman Y , Ascanio Luis C , Thomas Ajith J , Ogilvy Christopher S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cavernous malformations (CMs) are intracranial vascular anomalies of the brain blood vessels which are usually asymptomatic but sometimes may cause headache, seizures, or focal neurologic symptoms.
1
The latter may be attributed to either hemorrhage of the lesion or due to associated mass effect.
2
Here, we describe the case of a 27-yr-old woman who had an acute onset of headache and occasional left sided peripheral visual disturbances. A brain computed tomography scan revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhage near the right hypothalamus and a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with an anterior perforated substance CM. Medical management was pursued but severe headache persisted for several weeks to the point of interfering with normal daily function. Given the evidence of past hemorrhage and the persistence of symptoms, a microsurgical resection was indicated. She was scheduled for an elective resection through a right frontotemporal craniotomy. The lesion was found in the right anterior perforated substance, just above the optic tract and was resected without complications. The patient was neurologically stable at discharge. At 4-mo follow-up, the patient had a significantly decreased intensity of headache and an adequate resection cavity on MRI. Otherwise, she was neurologically intact. Cavernous malformations of deep brain structures, such as the anterior perforated substance can be surgically treated but carry a challenging procedure with a risk of visual deficits. In the following video illustration, we narrate this operative case and highlight the nuances of this approach. Patient consent was obtained for the submission of the video to this journal.
Modeling the short-term dynamics of in vivo excitatory spike transmission
Authors: Ghanbari Abed , Ren Naixin , Keine Christian , Stoelzel Carl , Englitz Bernhard , Swadlow Harvey A. , Stevenson Ian H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInformation transmission in neural networks is influenced by both short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) as well as non-synaptic factors, such as after-hyperpolarization currents and changes in excitability. Although these effects have been widely characterized in vitro using intracellular recordings, how they interact in vivo is unclear. Here we develop a statistical model of the short-term dynamics of spike transmission that aims to disentangle the contributions of synaptic and non-synaptic effects based only on observed pre- and postsynaptic spiking. The model includes a dynamic functional connection with short-term plasticity as well as effects due to the recent history of postsynaptic spiking and slow changes in postsynaptic excitability. Using paired spike recordings, we find that the model accurately describes the short-term dynamics of in vivo spike transmission at a diverse set of identified and putative excitatory synapses, including a thalamothalamic connection in mouse, a thalamocortical connection in a female rabbit, and an auditory brainstem synapse in a female gerbil. We illustrate the utility of this modeling approach by showing how the spike transmission patterns captured by the model may be sufficient to account for stimulus-dependent differences in spike transmission in the auditory brainstem (endbulb of Held). Finally, we apply this model to large-scale multi-electrode recordings to illustrate how such an approach has the potential to reveal cell-type specific differences in spike transmission in vivo. Although short-term synaptic plasticity parameters estimated from ongoing pre- and postsynaptic spiking are highly uncertain, our results are partially consistent with previous intracellular observations in these synapses.Significance StatementAlthough synaptic dynamics have been extensively studied and modeled using intracellular recordings of post-synaptic currents and potentials, inferring synaptic effects from extracellular spiking is challenging. Whether or not a synaptic current contributes to postsynaptic spiking depends not only on the amplitude of the current, but also on many other factors, including the activity of other, typically unobserved, synapses, the overall excitability of the postsynaptic neuron, and how recently the postsynaptic neuron has spiked. Here we developed a model that, using only observations of pre- and postsynaptic spiking, aims to describe the dynamics of in vivo spike transmission by modeling both short-term synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic effects. This approach may provide a novel description of fast, structured changes in spike transmission.
Towards multi-drug adaptive therapy
Authors: West Jeffrey , You Li , Zhang Jingsong , Gatenby Robert A. , Brown Joel , Newton Paul K. , Anderson Alexander R. A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA new ecologically inspired paradigm in cancer treatment known as “adaptive therapy” capitalizes on competitive interactions between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant subclones. The goal of adaptive therapy is to maintain a controllable stable tumor burden by allowing a significant population of treatment sensitive cells to survive. These, in turn, suppress proliferation of the less fit resistant populations. However, there remain several open challenges in designing adaptive therapies, particularly in extending these therapeutic concepts to multiple treatments. We present a cancer treatment case study (metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer) as a point of departure to illustrate three novel concepts to aid the design of multi-drug adaptive therapies. First, frequency-dependent “cycles” of tumor evolution can trap tumor evolution in a periodic, controllable loop. Second, the availability and selection of treatments may limit the evolutionary “absorbing region” reachable by the tumor. Third, the velocity of evolution significantly influences the optimal timing of drug sequences.
Reconcilingin vitroandin vivoactivities of engineered, LacI-based repressor proteins: Contributions of DNA looping and operator sequence variation
Authors: Tungtur Sudheer , Schwingen Kristen M. , Riepe Joshua J. , Weeramange Chamitha J. , Swint-Kruse Liskin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne way to create new components for synthetic transcription circuits is to re-purpose naturally occurring transcription factor proteins and their cognate DNA operators. For the proteins, re-engineering can be accomplished via domain recombination (to create chimeric regulators) and/or amino acid substitutions. The resulting activities of new protein regulators are often assessedin vitrousing a representative operator. However, when functioningin vivo, transcription factors can interact with multiple operators. We comparedin vivoandin vitroresults for two LacI-based transcription repressor proteins, their mutational variants, and four operator sequences. The two sets of repressor variants differed in their overallin vivorepression, even though theirin vitrobinding affinities for the primary operator spanned the same range. Here, we show that the offset can be explained by different abilities to simultaneously bind and “loop” two DNA operators. Furtherin vitrostudies of the looping-competent repressors were carried out to measure binding to a secondary operator sequence. Surprisingly, binding to this operator was largely insensitive to amino acid changes in the repressor protein.In vitroexperiments with additional operators and analyses of published data indicates that amino acid changes in these repressor proteins leads to complicated changes in ligand specificity. These results raise new considerations for engineering components of synthetic transcription circuits and – more broadly – illustrate difficulties encountered when trying to extrapolate information about specificity determinant positions among protein homologs.