bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Evaluating Body Mass Index as an Independent Risk Factor for Early Complications
Authors: Rifkin William , Kantar Rami , Daar David , Alfonso Allyson , Cammarata Michael , Wilson Stelios , Diaz-Siso J. , Levine Jamie , Stranix John , Ceradini Daniel 
Published: December 2018

Background The prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to grow and is estimated to affect over a quarter of the working-age population. Some studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for flap failure and complications in free flap-based breast reconstruction, but its clinical significance is less clear in nonbreast reconstruction. The role of obesity as a risk factor for failure and complications following lower extremity reconstruction has not been well described, and the limited existing literature demonstrates conflicting results.
Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was reviewed to identify patients undergoing local- or free-flap reconstruction of the lower extremity between 2010 and 2015. Preoperative variables and outcomes were compared between obese (body mass index ≥ 30) and nonobese patients. Chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Multivariate regression was performed to control for confounders.
Results Univariate analysis of medical and surgical outcomes revealed that obese patients undergoing local flaps of the lower extremity required a significantly longer operative time (187.7 ± 123.2 vs. 166.2 ± 111.7 minutes; p = 0.003) and had significantly higher rates of superficial surgical site infection (SSI; 7.2% vs. 4.5%; p = 0.04). On univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in any postoperative outcomes between obese and nonobese patients undergoing microvascular free flaps of the lower extremity.On multivariate regression analysis, obesity was not an independent risk factor for superficial SSI (odds ratio = 1.01, p = 0.98) or increased operative time (β  = 16.01, p = 0.14) for local flaps of the lower extremity.
Conclusion Evaluation of a large, multicenter, validated and risk-adjusted nationwide cohort demonstrated that obesity is not an independent risk factor for early complications following lower extremity reconstruction, suggesting that these procedures may be performed safely in the obese patient population.
Predictors of Long-Term Pulmonary Morbidity in Children with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Wigen Robin , Duan Wenming , Moraes Theo , Chiu Priscilla 
Published: December 2018

Purpose The aim is to identify prognostic markers of long-term pulmonary morbidity among congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors.
Methods A single-institution, retrospective review was performed on all CDH patients from 2000 and 2012 (REB#1000053383). Liver position, patch use, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC] expressed as mean % predicted + SD) were recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance.
Results Patients with acceptable and reproducible PFT (n = 72 for 202 total PFT) with patch repair and liver up (n = 28) had significantly lower FEV1 (72.4 + 17.6) than those with no patch and liver down (n = 98, FEV1= 86.3 + 15.9, p = 0.002). Patients with patch repair and liver down (n = 40) also had significantly lower FEV1 (76.6 + 14.4) than those with liver down and no patch (p = 0.0463). Patients with liver up and patch repair had PFT results consistent with moderate reduction of lung function, while the remainder had mild to no decrease in lung function. All CDH patients older than 14 years had a reduction in FEV1/FVC consistent with obstructive phenotype, with a mean FEV1/FVC = 62.3 for patch repair group and FEV1/FVC = 76.1 in the no patch group.
Conclusion Decreased pulmonary function of CDH survivors correlated with the use of patch repair and liver position. CDH lung disease should be monitored in adulthood.
Anti-diabetic effect of S-adenosylmethionine and α-glycerophosphocholine in KK-Ay mice
Authors: Izu Hanae , Okuda Mayumi , Shibata Sachi , Fujii Tsutomu , Matsubara Kiminori 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Six-week-old male KK-Ay mice received drinking water with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), or SAM+GPC for 10 weeks. The serum glucose of SAM+GPC at 15 weeks old, total cholesterol of GPC at 12 weeks old, and triglyceride of GPC at 15 weeks old and of SAM at 16 weeks old were reduced. SAM+GPC reduced serum leptin and food intake.
Abbreviations: SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; GPC: α-glycerophosphocholine
3D Digital Image Correlation for vibration measurement on rolling tire: procedure development and comparison with Laser Doppler Vibrometer
Authors: Galeazzi S. , Chiariotti P. , Martarelli M. , Tomasini E. P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Noise generated from rolling tire is strictly related to vibrations caused by the impacts of tread blocks on the road surface. Performing vibration measurements on rolling tires is a quite complex task and non-contact methods should be exploited. Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) is the technique that has been mainly used so far, but it has some disadvantages, among which the measurement duration represents the main issue. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) could represent an appealing alternative for this kind of measurement. Recent developments in Digital Image Correlation combined with the modern fast cameras could represent an innovative instrument for vibration measurement at high frequency (up to about 1000 Hz depending on rolling speed). This paper analyses the possibility of using 3D DIC for vibration measurement on rolling tire by a direct comparison with LDV. The advantages and disadvantages of both the techniques are highlighted along the paper by analysing data of an impact test (static case) and a rolling measurement.
Catalysis in biodiesel production—a review
Authors: Thangaraj Baskar , Solomon Pravin Raj , Muniyandi Bagavathi , Ranganathan Srinivasan , Lin Lin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Catalysts play a significant role in transesterification of vegetable oils. Currently, chemical and biological catalysts are being investigated, and both have their inherent merits and demerits. In large-scale applications, these catalysts are expected to be cost effective and environmentally friendly. If the catalyst is homogeneous in its physical form it is more effective than is the heterogeneous catalyst, but its separation from the mixture is a major issue. Some of the heterogeneous catalysts suffer leaching in harsh reaction conditions. Of late, nanocatalysts that demonstrate high efficiency are being studed. Nanoparticles are used in biological catalysts as solid carriers for lipase immobilization. Lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles has proved to be a versatile biocatalyst for biodiesel production. This article reviews the role of various catalytic systems commonly used in the transesterification reaction of oils in biodiesel generation.
Impact of tricuspid annular size reduction on right ventricular function, geometry and strain†
Authors: Malinowski Marcin , Jaźwiec Tomasz , Goehler Matthew , Bush Jared , Quay Nathan , Ferguson Haley , Rausch Manuel K , Timek Tomasz A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Restrictive tricuspid annuloplasty is a clinically accepted approach to treat functional tricuspid regurgitation. We set out to investigate the effect of varying degrees of tricuspid annular reduction on the right ventricular (RV) function, geometry and strain.

METHODS
Eight, healthy sheep (45 ± 4 kg) had 6 sonomicrometry crystals implanted around the tricuspid annulus and 20 onto the epicardium of the right ventricle defining 3 free wall regions: basal, mid and lower. A polypropylene annuloplasty suture was placed around the tricuspid annulus and externalized to an epicardial tourniquet. Simultaneous echocardiographic, haemodynamic and sonomicrometry data were acquired at baseline and during 5 consecutive annular reduction steps (TAR 1–5) with successive (5–7 mm) suture cinching. RV free wall circumferential, longitudinal and areal cardiac and interventional strains, RV radius of curvature (ROC), cross-sectional area and tricuspid annular dimensions were calculated from 3-dimensional crystal coordinates.

RESULTS
TAR 1–5 resulted in 19 ± 15%, 35 ± 15%, 51 ± 15%, 60 ± 15% and 68 ± 13% tricuspid annular area reduction, respectively. TAR 1 and 2 had minimal influence on the RV function, RV-ROC and strains. TAR 4 and 5 decreased RV-ROC in basal and mid-regions, but reduced the RV cross-sectional area change (from 19 ± 4% at baseline to 14 ± 3% and 13 ± 2%, respectively, P < 0.001) and circumferential and areal strains. TAR 3 significantly decreased free wall RV-ROC from 44.0 ± 1.5 to 42.6 ± 2.4 mm P < 0.001 at the RV base but maintained the regional ventricular function and strains.

CONCLUSIONS
In healthy ovine hearts, a tricuspid annular area reduction of ∼50% provides optimal conditions for reducing RV-ROC while maintaining regional RV function and strain patterns.
The Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With a History of Malignancy
Authors: Lin Steven C , Goldowsky Alex , Papamichael Konstantinos , Cheifetz Adam S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
As patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are living longer and our medical armamentarium expands, gastroenterologists are more frequently faced with treatment decisions about patients with IBD who also have a history of malignancy. This review aims to summarize the current literature on IBD, the inherent risk of developing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal malignancies, and the risk of malignancies associated with available biologic and immunomodulatory therapies and to discuss the overall treatment strategy for a patient with a history of malignancy.
High Patient Activation Is Associated With Remission in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Barnes Edward L , Long Millie D , Kappelman Michael D , Martin Christopher F , Sandler Robert S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
High levels of patient activation (having the knowledge, skills, and confidence to effectively manage one’s care), have been associated with improved outcomes in many chronic conditions. There have been few studies of the effects of activation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We performed a large, prospective Internet-based study to assess the relationship between patient activation level and clinical remission in patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Methods
We administered the Patient Activation Measure (Insignia Health) to 1486 cohort participants. Patients completed a follow-up survey within 13 months (median, 189 days). We collected demographic and clinical data; anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instruments. We used bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with low or high patient activation and to evaluate the association between levels of patient activation and subsequent disease activity.

Results
Higher anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.36) and depression (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.29–0.37) scores were associated with a decreased odds of high patient activation. After we adjusted for education status, smoking, medication use, and other confounders, we found that patients with high activation at baseline were more likely to be in clinical remission during the follow-up period (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.20–2.45).

Conclusions
In a large, prospective Internet-based cohort of patients with IBD, we found a strong association between patient activation and clinical remission. These findings suggest that patient activation affects disease outcomes.
Changing Connotations and the Evolution of the Effect of Wording: Labeling Asylum Seekers in a Political Campaign
Authors: Janky Béla 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the moderating role of public discourse in the effects of labeling asylum seekers (as “immigrants” vs. “refugees”) on attitudes toward asylum policy. The study relies on a series of survey experiments conducted in Hungary, in a period when asylum policy suddenly became a highly salient issue there. Originally, respondents were much more solidaristic toward “refugees” than “immigrants,” but the public discussion on asylum policy suppressed this wording effect—mainly by contaminating the concept of “refugee.” By using data on news reports and respondents’ media use, the analysis also looks at the roots of these changes. In particular, it presents evidence on the moderating role of converging connotations of different labels on the effect of wording.
Association between drinking patterns and cardiovascular risk: a population-based study in the Southern Cone of Latin America
Authors: Gulayin Pablo Elías , Irazola Vilma , Gutierrez Laura , Elorriaga Natalia , Lanas Fernando , Mores Nora , Ponzo Jaqueline , Calandrelli Matías , Poggio Rosana , Rubinstein Adolfo , Bardach Ariel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Using data from general adult population, this study aims to describe epidemiology of alcohol consumption patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk.

Methods
CESCAS I is a population-based study from four mid-sized cities in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Associations between diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and history of CVD and drinking patterns were assessed using crude prevalence odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted OR.

Results
A total of 37.2% of the studied population never drank and 18.3% reported to be former drinkers. Among current drinkers, moderate drinking was the most frequent pattern (24.2%). For women with light and moderate consumption, the odds of having &gt;20% CVD risk was ~40% lower than that of never drinkers. The odds of having a history of CVD was 50% lower in those with moderate consumption. For men with heavy consumption, the odds of having &gt;20% CVD risk was about twice as high as for never drinkers.

Conclusions
A harmful association was observed between heavy drinking and having &gt;20% CVD risk for men. However, for women, an apparently protective association was observed between light and moderate drinking and having &gt;20% CVD risk and between moderate drinking and having a history of CVD.
The paradox of inequality: income inequality and belief in meritocracy go hand in hand
Authors: Mijs Jonathan J B 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInequality is on the rise: gains have been concentrated with a small elite, while most have seen their fortunes stagnate or fall. Despite what scholars and journalists consider a worrying trend, there is no evidence of growing popular concern about inequality. In fact, research suggests that citizens in unequal societies are less concerned than those in more egalitarian societies. How to make sense of this paradox? I argue that citizens’ consent to inequality is explained by their growing conviction that societal success is reflective of a meritocratic process. Drawing on 25 years of International Social Survey Program data, I show that rising inequality is legitimated by the popular belief that the income gap is meritocratically deserved: the more unequal a society, the more likely its citizens are to explain success in meritocratic terms, and the less important they deem nonmeritocratic factors such as a person’s family wealth and connections.
Applying the Flipped Classroom Model to Psychomotor Skill Acquisition in Nursing
Authors: Dinndorf-Hogenson Georgia Ann , Hoover Carrie , Berndt Jodi Lisbeth , Tollefson Bethany , Peterson Jennifer , Laudenbach Nichole 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to examine baccalaureate student psychomotor skill performance when given different methods of pre-skill lab preparation materials in a flipped classroom environment. Students utilized either a narrated video demonstration of the skill or a skill instruction sheet with photographic images as lab preparation materials. Psychomotor skill performance of insulin pen administration was evaluated. Results suggest the type of preparation methods used with the flipped classroom pedagogy does not significantly affect student performance on psychomotor skill acquisition.
Interventions Addressing Neurodevelopmental Delay in Young Children Infected With and Exposed to HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Strehlau Renate , van Aswegen Tamryn , Potterton Joanne 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Neurodevelopmental delays have been documented in children living with and infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Early childhood stimulation programs can positively impact neurodevelopmental outcomes and have a far-reaching effect beyond childhood.

Objective:
To conduct a scoping review mapping evidence describing interventions aimed at mitigating or preventing neurodevelopmental delays resulting from exposure to or infection with HIV in preschool children.

Methods:
Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, reference lists of identified articles, and gray literature were searched. Title and abstract and full-text reviews were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Study location, design, sample size, age of cohort, child's HIV serostatus, antiretroviral treatment availability for children or caregivers, neurodevelopmental assessment tool used, and details of the intervention and comparison groups were documented.

Results:
Ten studies meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Six studies focused on training provided to the child's caregiver of which one offered an intervention focused specifically on stimulating child development through a home-based stimulation program. Four studies provided a child-directed intervention. Interventions ranged in duration from 10 days to 15 months. Intensity of the intervention varied from 3 times per day to biweekly. Interventions were aimed at children in the neonatal period throughout the preschool years.

Conclusion:
Many children are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes due to HIV infection. Few studies investigating interventions aimed at addressing this problem were identified. Further research into effective interventions aimed at improving childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes in the context of HIV is required.
Chronic Pain Mitigation and Opioid Weaning at a Multidisciplinary AIDS Clinic: A Case Report
Authors: Pullen Sara 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose:
Chronic pain has emerged as a treatment priority among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Recent studies indicate the use of physical therapy (PT) for chronic pain mitigation among PLHIV; however, there is a paucity of literature regarding PT as part of multidisciplinary collaboration to address the intersection of HIV, chronic pain, and opioid use.

Case Description:
This case report examined the effect of a 24-session PT intervention aimed at decreasing chronic pain and opioid weaning for a 64-year-old patient at a multidisciplinary AIDS clinic in Atlanta, Georgia. The PT intervention focused on pain mitigation, using pain relief techniques such as a home TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) unit, home stretching regimen, and diaphragmatic breathing techniques. In addition, the physical therapist communicated regularly with the patient's primary HIV provider regarding patient progress.

Outcomes:
After the intervention, outcomes included decreased pain from 10/10 to 0/10, independent pain management, and increased independence in functional activities. In addition, the patient decreased opioid usage from 15 to 2.5 mg hydrocodone, an 83.3% decrease.

Discussion:
In a complex chronic pain case with a patient on chronic opioid therapy, multidisciplinary communication is key in successful management. To truly address opiate weaning in the context of pain management, physical therapists' expertise in pain management should ideally be complemented by close communication with the patient's primary medical provider. This allows for open dialogue and acknowledges the importance of various specialty areas committed to a joint effort not of simply opioid weaning but of patient-centered, multidisciplinary chronic pain control.
Can We Avoid Implant-selection Errors in Total Joint Arthroplasty?
Authors: Ast Michael P. , Mayman David J. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro , Haas Steven B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Implant selection in the operating room is a manual process. This manual process combined with complex compatibility rules and inconsistent implant labeling may lead to implant-selection errors. These might be reduced using an automated process; however, little is known about the efficacy of available automated error-reduction systems in the operating room.

Questions/purposes
(1) How often do implant-selection errors occur at a high-volume institution? (2) What types of implant-selection errors are most common?

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated our implant log database of 22,847 primary THAs and TKAs to identify selection errors. There were 10,689 THAs and 12,167 TKAs included during the study period from 2012 to 2017; there were no exclusions and we had no missing data in this study. The system provided an output of errors identified, and these errors were then manually confirmed by reviewing implant logs for each case found in the medical records. Only those errors that were identified by the system were manually confirmed. During this time period all errors for all procedures were captured and presented as a proportion. Errors identified by the software were manually confirmed. We then categorized each mismatch to further delineate the nature of these events.

Results
One hundred sixty-nine errors were identified by the software system just before implantation, representing 0.74 of the 22,847 procedures performed. In 15 procedures, the wrong side was selected. Twenty-five procedures had a femoral head selected that did not match the acetabular liner. In one procedure, the femoral head taper differed from the femoral stem taper. There were 46 procedures in which there was a size mismatch between the acetabular shell and the liner. The most common error in TKA that occurred in 46 procedures was a mismatch between the tibia polyethylene insert and the tibial tray. There were 13 procedures in which the tibial insert was not matched to the femoral component according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Selection errors were identified before implantation in all procedures.

Conclusions
Despite an automated verification process, 0.74% of the arthroplasties performed had an implant-selection error that was identified by the software verification. The prevalence of incorrect/mismatched hip and knee prostheses is unknown but almost certainly underreported. Future studies should investigate the prevalence of these errors in a multicenter evaluation with varying volumes across the involved sites. Based on our results, institutions and management should consider an automated verification process rather than a manual process to help decrease implant-selection errors in the operating room.

Level of Evidence
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Middle Eastern Rhinoplasty: Update
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Mohan Raja 
Published: December 2018

Summary:
Middle Eastern rhinoplasty requires especially precise preoperative planning to achieve a successful result. Among all aesthetic surgery procedures, there is a higher demand for rhinoplasty among Middle Eastern cultures. The key is to maintain the ethnicity of the patients while meeting their goals. In this brief overview, common features in Middle Eastern patients and Middle Eastern rhinoplasty techniques in men and women are highlighted.