bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Passive and Active Education Methods Applied in Repetition Activities on the Retention of Anatomical Knowledge
Authors: Kooloos Jan G.M. , Bergman Esther M. , Scheffers Marieke A.G.P. , Schepens‐Franke Annelieke N. , Vorstenbosch Marc A.T.M. 
Published: October 2019

This study examines the long‐term retention of anatomical knowledge from 180 students after various repetition activities. The retention of anatomical knowledge was assessed by multiple‐choice tests at five different points in time: before and after a course in Functional Anatomy, before and after repetition activities that occurred 14 weeks after this course, and 28 weeks after this course to establish long‐term retention. Students were divided into five groups: one without any repetition activity, one with a restricted repetition activity (the multiple‐choice test), and three groups that were offered repetition activities (traditional lecture, e‐learning module, and small group work in the dissection room). During all three repetition activities the same information was conveyed, and this content was not revisited in other courses for the duration of the study. The results showed that students who did not engage in a repetition activity scored significantly lower on the long‐term retention test compared to all other groups (ANCOVA: P = 0.0001). Pair‐wise comparison with estimated means showed that the other four groups, regardless of the type of repeating activity, did not differ in the amount of knowledge they retained during any of the five assessments (P = 0.008, P = 0.0001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.0001, respectively). This study suggests that the type of repetition activity has no effect on knowledge retention both immediately following the activity and in the long term. It is concluded that the repetition of anatomical knowledge in any form is beneficial for students and will likely improve student outcomes in a curriculum that builds on prior knowledge.
Rational Prophylactic Antibiotic Selection for Sinus Elevation Surgery
Authors: Akers Joshua A. , Johnson Thomas M. , Hill Richard B. , Kawaguchi Sachiyo 
Published: October 2019

Focused Clinical QuestionFor a generally healthy patient with no risk indicators for postoperative infection, what is the most appropriate perioperative antibiotic regimen for sinus elevation surgery in terms of reducing postoperative infection risk and minimizing untoward effects?Clinical ScenarioA 38‐year‐old female patient in good general and periodontal health presents missing tooth #14 (Fig. ). She reports no systemic conditions, no history of sinusitis, and no allergies. Medications include acetaminophen and ibuprofen as needed for pain. The patient's dentition is minimally restored, with no active caries. Cone‐beam computed tomography reveals a clear, pneumatized left maxillary sinus and inadequate bone volume to support dental implant placement (Fig. ). No septa or pathologic lesions are present, the ostium appears patent, and no thickening of the Schneiderian membrane is appreciable. The patient states that she wants to replace her missing molar without restoring adjacent teeth (Figs. and ).Baseline clinical appearance (example sinus elevation case). The patient is a healthy 38‐year‐old female missing tooth #14. Inadequate bone volume is present for dental implant placement due to pneumatization of the left maxillary sinus.imagePreoperative cone‐beam computed tomography images. 2a Sagittal view. 2b Coronal view.imageCone‐beam computed tomography images at postoperative month 6. 3a Sagittal view. 3b Coronal view.imageDefinitive implant‐supported restoration, tooth #14.image
Outcomes of three different new generation transcatheter aortic valve prostheses
Authors: Costa Giuliano , Buccheri Sergio , Barbanti Marco , Picci Andrea , Todaro Denise , Di Simone Emanuela , La Spina Ketty , D'Arrigo Paolo , Criscione Enrico , Nastasi Marco , Sgroi Carmelo , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate outcomes of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF‐TAVI) using three different new‐generation devices.BackgroundAlthough new generation transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) have demonstrated to improve procedural outcomes, to date few head‐to‐head comparisons are available among these devices.MethodsThis is a single center, retrospective study. From September 2014 to February 2018, 389 patients underwent elective TF‐TAVI for native, severe aortic stenosis using a new‐generation transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) with a preprocedural multi‐detector computed tomography assessment. Among these, 346 patients received an Edwards SAPIEN 3 (n = 134), Medtronic Evolut R (n = 111), or Boston ACURATE neo (n = 101) prosthesis. Differences in baseline clinical characteristics between groups were accounted using the propensity score weighting method.RESULTSThe mean age for the entire study cohort was 81.4 ± 5.2 years while the Society of Thoracic Surgery predicted risk of mortality was 4.0 ± 2.5%. After propensity score weighting adjustment, TAVs did not differently impact on 30‐day all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Evolut R device showed an increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after the procedure (8.3% for SAPIEN 3 vs. 16.7% for Evolut R vs. 2.1% for ACURATE neo, p < .05). At 30 days, patients treated with SAPIEN 3 valve showed a higher mean transvalvular gradient (9.7 ± 7.5 mmHg vs. 6.1 ± 2.4 mmHg vs. 8.4 ± 3.5 mmHg for SAPIEN 3, Evolut R, and ACURATE neo, respectively, p < .01) and a lower rate of more‐than‐trace paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) (18.8 vs. 47.9 vs. 45.8%, for SAPIEN 3, Evolut R, and ACURATE neo, respectively, p < .01). At 1 year, SAPIEN 3, Evolut R, and ACURATE neo TAVs showed excellent and comparable outcomes with no difference in terms of freedom from major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) (plog‐rank = 0.534).ConclusionsTAVI using new‐generation prostheses was associated with high device success (97.0% vs. 92.8% vs. 95.0% for SAPIEN 3, Evolut R and ACURATE neo, respectively) and low complications rates up to 1 year. Evolut R valve was associated with a higher rate of PPI whereas SAPIEN 3 valve was associated with a higher mean transvalvular gradient and lower rate of more‐than‐trace PVR. At 1‐year, MACCE rates were similar among the three groups.
True umbilical cord knot, an emergency during labor
Authors: Díaz de la Noval Begoña , Porcel Llaneza Iris , Rueda Sepúlveda Manuel , Ferrer Barriendos Francisco Javier , Fernández Blanco Carmen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn umbilical cord knot is an unexpected event that should not change obstetric approach for delivery.
Electrochemically Induced Phase Changes in La2CuO4 During Cathodic Electrocatalysis
Authors: Whittingham Alexander W. H. , Smith Rodney D. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability of layered perovskites to accommodate both oxygen vacancies and hyperstoichiometry provides a dimension of tunability that makes them appealing for electrocatalytic applications, but the resulting ionic conductivity enables electron transfer reactions within bulk crystals. We report on the stability of La2CuO4 in the voltage regimes relevant to oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction. Voltammetric experiments, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction reveal both surface and bulk electron transfer reactions. Application of anodic voltages results in expansion in the crystal c‐axis, while cathodic voltages induce contraction. The ability to catalyze each of the three cathodic reactions is confirmed, but X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy reveal amorphization of the electrocatalyst at voltages below −0.4 V that affects both the oxygen reduction and CO2 reduction reactions. While the ionic conductivity of Ruddlesden Popper oxides introduces intriguing properties, it simultaneously introduces the risk of structural instability in catalytically relevant voltages.
Exposure–Response Analyses of Upadacitinib Efficacy and Safety in Phase II and III Studies to Support Benefit–Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nader Ahmed , Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Winzenborg Insa , Doelger Eva , Noertersheuser Peter , Pangan Aileen L. , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2019

Exposure–response analyses of upadacitinib (UPA) key efficacy and safety end points (3,685 and 4,577 subjects for efficacy and safety, respectively) using data from phase II and phase III rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies were conducted to support benefit–risk assessment. Percentage of subjects achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20/50/70, disease activity score 28 (C‐reactive protein) (DAS28‐CRP) ≤ 3.2, and DAS28‐CRP < 2.6 increased with increasing UPA plasma exposures. With the small number of observed safety events, no clear trends for exposure–response relationships were identified for pneumonia, herpes zoster infection, changes in platelet count, lymphopenia (Grade ≥ 4), or neutropenia (Grade ≥ 3) up to Week 26. Shallow exposure–response relationships were observed for > 2 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin, lymphopenia Grade ≥ 3 at Week 12/14, and serious infections at Week 24/26. Exposure–efficacy analyses demonstrate that UPA 15 mg q.d. (once daily) dose provided the optimal benefit–risk in RA through maximizing efficacy with only small incremental benefit with 30 mg q.d.; and with consistency across RA subpopulations and with UPA monotherapy or combination with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Depression but not frailty contributed to a higher risk for all‐cause hospitalizations in male older veterans
Authors: Ruiz Jorge G. , Rodriguez‐Suarez Mercedes , Tang Fei , Aparicio‐Ugarriza Raquel , Ferri‐Guerra Juliana , Mohammed Nadeem Y. , Mintzer Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionFrailty is a state of vulnerability to stressors resulting in higher morbidity, mortality, and utilization in older adults. Depression and frailty often coexist, suggesting a bidirectional relationship that may increase the effects of each individual condition on clinical outcomes and health‐care utilization in older adults.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of concurrent frailty and depression on all‐cause hospitalizations.Methods/DesignProspective cohort study, conducted at a Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. The participants were male, community‐dwelling veterans 65 years and older. From 4 January through 30 December 2016, a 46‐item frailty index was generated from data obtained from the VA electronic health record. Trained staff conducted in‐depth reviews of electronic health records ascertaining depression status. Patients were followed through 31 December 2017 for all‐cause hospitalizations following the initial assessment of frailty. After adjusting for covariates, the association of frailty and depression with all‐cause hospitalizations was determined with the Andersen‐Gill model, accounting for repeated hospitalizations.ResultsFive hundred fifty‐three male patients were part of the study, mean age 76.3 (SD = 8.2) years. One hundred eighty‐one patients (32.7%) had depression diagnoses. During a median follow‐up period of 530 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 245), 123 patients (22.2%) had 240 hospitalizations. Frailty status was not associated with future hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61; 95% CI, 95‐2.74; P > .05). Depression was associated with higher all‐cause hospitalizations (adjusted HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.26); P = .0157).ConclusionsDepression but not frailty was significantly associated with higher rates of all‐cause hospitalization. Implementing interventions that target older adults with both frailty and depression may reduce the burden of both conditions and reduce hospitalizations.
Evaluation of a “Meds‐to‐Beds” program on 30‐day hospital readmissions
Authors: Zillich Alan J. , Jaynes Heather A. , Davis Hannah B. , Lantaff Wendy M. , Myers Jaclyn , Perkins Susan M. , Shan Mu , Snyder Margie E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEffective programs for transitional care from hospital to home are needed to improve patient outcomes.PurposeTo evaluate readmissions among patients who received a medication discharge program compared with control patients who did not receive the program.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study during a 1‐year period in a medium‐sized Midwestern health system. The “meds‐to‐beds” program consisted of a pharmacist and/or technician delivering patient's medications to bedside prior to discharge. When indicated, the pharmacist provided medication counseling, reviewed discharge medications, and provided an updated medication list to patients.The intervention cohort was defined as all hospitalized patients eligible for and opting into the “meds‐to‐beds” program. The control cohort was defined as hospitalized patients eligible for the program who did not opt‐in to receive it. Data were collected through both a retrospective chart review and an administrative claims data warehouse. The primary outcome was defined as any 30‐day readmissions. Secondary outcomes were defined as any preventable 30‐day readmissions using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's potentially avoidable hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions classification. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the odds of 30‐day readmissions between the intervention and control groups.ResultsData were collected for 500 intervention and 1591 control patients. Both groups were similar with respect to age, gender, race, co‐morbid conditions, and previous health care utilization. In the multivariable model, all‐cause readmissions within 30 days were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42‐1.07, P = .09). The most common preventable readmissions were for pneumonia (43.2%), heart failure (18.9%), and dehydration (16.2%). In the multivariable model, patients in the intervention group were less likely to be readmitted for a preventable cause within 30‐days than patients in the control group (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.89, P = .02).ConclusionThis “meds‐to‐beds” program was not associated with a significant reduction in 30‐day all‐cause readmissions but was associated with a reduction in 30‐day preventable hospital readmissions.
Past and future impact of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation in the Caspian Sea catchment area
Authors: Nandini‐Weiss Sri D. , Prange Matthias , Arpe Klaus , Merkel Ute , Schulz Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Caspian Sea level (CSL) has undergone variations of more than 3 m during the past century with important implications for the life of coastal people, economy and the ecosystem. The origin of these variations as well as future changes in the Caspian water budget are still a matter of debate. Here, the major modes of North Atlantic winter climate variability and atmospheric teleconnections that have a potential effect on the hydroclimate of the Caspian catchment region are examined. The skill of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) regarding the simulation of the modern climatology in the Caspian region and the major North Atlantic modes are analysed using different atmospheric grid resolutions and setups of the atmospheric component, the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4 and CAM5). CESM1.2.2 with CAM5 atmosphere physics and 1° atmospheric grid resolution shows reasonable skill in simulating the regional Caspian basin climatology and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Using this model version, a weakly positive (r = .2) statistically significant (p < .05) correlation between the catchment winter water budget (precipitation minus evaporation, P‐E, integrated over the catchment area) and the NAO is found for the historical period 1850–2000. Climate projections of the 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 show that the NAO remains the leading mode of winter variability with a dominant influence on the climate in the Caspian catchment region. Under the RCP4.5 scenario the correlation between the winter NAO and winter P‐E over the Caspian catchment region increases (r = .5, p < .05). For RCP8.5, however, this correlation disappears due to a north–south dipole pattern with a positive P‐E anomaly over the northern and a negative anomaly over the southern parts of the Caspian catchment region, cancelling out an effect on the total Caspian water budget. Nevertheless, due to increasing annual evaporation over the Caspian Sea in the warming climate, the model predicts an additional CSL decrease of about 9 and 18 m between 2020 and 2100 for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Even though the model tends to overestimate the total evaporation due to a too large Caspian Sea surface area, these values are larger than previous projections of CSL decline.
Fabrication of Thymoquinone‐Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Particle Synthesis and Their Effect on Planarian Regeneration
Authors: Kazan Aslihan , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThymoquinone is the main bioactive component of the plant Nigella sativa, which is commonly known as black seeds and has several therapeutic effects. However, clinical applications of thymoquinone are limited due to its hydrophobic nature. In this study, thymoquinone is encapsulated in albumin nanoparticles by using a microfluidic platform to overcome this limitation. The mean particle sizes of empty and thymoquinone‐loaded nanoparticles are determined as 271.3 and 315.6 nm, respectively, with polydispersity index values both lower than 0.25. In addition to particle size distribution measurements, characterizations of the prepared nanoparticles such as zeta potential measurements, in vitro release studies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses are also carried out. To determine the effect of thymoquinone on neural regeneration, planarians are used as the model organism. After application of free and encapsulated thymoquinone, planarians are amputated and the fragments are observed in terms of head and tail regeneration, swimming pattern, and behavior. The results indicate that thymoquinone affects their behavior and primarily enhances head regeneration of planarians. In addition, it is shown that encapsulation of thymoquinone not only enhances the thermal stability of the molecule but also decreases its toxicity.
A mussel‐inspired strategy toward antimicrobial and bacterially anti‐adhesive soy protein surface
Authors: Jin Shicun , Song Xiangshuo , Li Kuang , Xia Changlei , Li Jianzhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiopolymer products are widely used in our everyday life, however, the poor antimicrobial nature dramatically limits their applications. Therefore, it is essential to improve the antibiotic performance of these biopolymer products. In this study, soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based films with antimicrobial and antifouling function were fabricated through a dip‐coating method. Briefly, mussel‐inspired polydopamine was coated onto the surface of SPI film, followed by depositing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the film for yielding an antimicrobial film, named S‐DA‐Ag. Subsequently, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) molecular was attached on the S‐DA‐Ag film. Elemental and morphological surface analyses verified the successful coating for each step. The S‐DA film decorated only with AgNPs exhibited an effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus but failed to prevent bacterial attachment. However, the number of attached bacterial cells significantly decreased for the OTS‐coated S‐DA‐Ag film. Additionally, the resultant SPI‐based films displayed excellent mechanical performance and remarkably improved water resistance, dramatically benefiting their practical applications. This novel design can endow the antimicrobial and antifouling properties to the SPI‐based films and enhance their mechanical properties and water resistance, which might expand their potential applications in the healthcare and biomedical fields.
Allosteric discrimination at the NADH/ADP regulatory site of glutamate dehydrogenase
Authors: Nassar Omneya M. , Wong Ka‐Yiu , Lynch Gillian C. , Smith Thomas J. , Pettitt B. Montgomery 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a target for treating insulin‐related disorders, such as hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome. Modeling native ligand binding has shown promise in designing GDH inhibitors and activators. Our computational investigation of the nicotinamide adenine diphosphate hydride (NADH)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) site presented in this paper provides insight into the opposite allosteric effects induced at a single site of binding inhibitor NADH versus activator ADP to GDH. The computed binding free‐energy difference between NADH and ADP using thermodynamic integration is −0.3 kcal/mol, which is within the −0.275 and −1.7 kcal/mol experimental binding free‐energy difference range. Our simulations show an interesting model of ADP with dissimilar binding conformations at each NADH/ADP site in the GDH trimer, which explains the poorly understood strong binding but weak activation shown in experimental studies. In contrast, NADH showed similar inhibitory binding conformations at each NADH/ADP site. The structural analysis of the important residues in the NADH/ADP binding site presented in this paper may provide potential targets for mutation studies for allosteric drug design.
Modeling phaeopigment concentrations in water from a shallow mesotrophic lagoon
Authors: Stoichev Teodor , Duran Robert , de Diego Alberto , Vasconcelos Vitor M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConcentrations of phaeopigments (Pha) and chlorophyll a (Chl) were determined in surface waters from a temperate lagoon during six sampling campaigns at high and at low tide. In order to develop models for phaeopigment concentration in water, it was necessary to replace Chl with photosynthetic pigment concentration (Pt = Pha+Chl) as one of the explanatory variables. Under first approximation, food availability and water temperature (T) could be considered as independent variables. The concentrations of Pha were then determined following seasonal change of response curves of the consumer community on T. However, multiple regression models with Pt, T and, eventually, salinity as explanatory variables were better able to depict Pha. All equations, developed with Pt, were also solved using Chl as an input variable. Although part of the performance was lost, such back‐transformed models can be used at low/medium T and moderate to high concentrations of Chl. The developed equations about middle to long‐term variations of Pha could be applied to study the biogeochemistry of contaminants related to Pha and to evaluate the dependence on temperature of phytoplankton utilization by consumers.Practitioner points

Phaeopigment concentration depicted by chlorophyll (Chl), temperature (T), and salinity.

Better results obtained at low to medium T and moderate to high Chl concentration.

Multiple regression (MR) better for extrapolation than model (S) with variable separation.

Thermal response of consumer community in mesotrophic lagoon studied using model S.