bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear stability of inviscid vortex rings to axisymmetric perturbations
Authors: Protas Bartosz 
Published: July 2019

We consider the linear stability to axisymmetric perturbations of the family of inviscid vortex rings discovered by Norbury (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 57, 1973, pp. 417–431). Since these vortex rings are obtained as solutions to a free-boundary problem, their stability analysis is performed using recently developed methods of shape differentiation applied to the contour-dynamics formulation of the problem in the three-dimensional axisymmetric geometry. This approach allows us to systematically account for the effects of boundary deformations on the linearized evolution of the vortex ring. We investigate the instantaneous amplification of perturbations assumed to have the same the circulation as the vortex rings in their equilibrium configuration. These stability properties are then determined by the spectrum of a singular integro-differential operator defined on the vortex boundary in the meridional plane. The resulting generalized eigenvalue problem is solved numerically with a spectrally accurate discretization. Our results reveal that while thin vortex rings remain neutrally stable to axisymmetric perturbations, they become linearly unstable to such perturbations when they are sufficiently ‘fat’. Analysis of the structure of the eigenmodes demonstrates that they approach the corresponding eigenmodes of Rankine’s vortex and Hill’s vortex in the thin-vortex and fat-vortex limit, respectively. This study is a stepping stone on the way towards a complete stability analysis of inviscid vortex rings with respect to general perturbations.
Inviscid instability of a unidirectional flow sheared in two transverse directions
Authors: Deguchi Kengo 
Published: July 2019

Linear inviscid stability of general unidirectional flows sheared in one transverse direction has long been investigated by numerous researchers using the Rayleigh equation. However, unlike the simple shear flow considered in this equation, most physically relevant unidirectional flows vary in two transverse directions. Here the inviscid instability of such flows is studied by the large-Reynolds-number limit asymptotic analysis. We derive an a priori necessary condition for the existence of a limiting neutral mode, and develop a new numerical method to accurately capture singular neutral modes.
The BNSR-invariants of the Houghton groups, concluded
Authors: Zaremsky Matthew C. B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe give a complete computation of the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants Σm(Hn) of the Houghton groups Hn. Partial results were previously obtained by the author, with a conjecture about the full picture, which we now confirm. The proof involves covering relevant subcomplexes of an associated CAT (0) cube complex by their intersections with certain locally convex subcomplexes, and then applying a strong form of the Nerve Lemma. A consequence of the full computation is that for each 1 ≤ m ≤ n − 1, Hn admits a map onto ℤ whose kernel is of type Fm−1 but not Fm; moreover, no such kernel is ever of type Fn−1.
Two-dimensional surface waves in magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Hunt Matthew 
Published: July 2019

The study of nonlinear waves in water has a long history beginning with the seminal paper by Korteweg & de Vries (Phil. Mag., vol. 39, 1895, p. 240) and more recently for magnetohydrodynamics Danov & Ruderman (Fluid Dyn., vol. 18, 1983, pp. 751–756). The appearance of a Hilbert transform in the nonlinear equation for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) distinguishes it from the water wave model description. In this paper, we are interested in examining weakly nonlinear interfacial waves in

$2+1$

dimensions. First, we determine the wave solution in the linear case. Next, we derive the corresponding generalisation for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation with the inclusion of an equilibrium magnetic field. The derived governing equation is a generalisation of the Benjamin–Ono (BO) equation called the Benjamin equation first derived in Benjamin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 245, 1992, pp. 401–411) and in the higher-dimensional context in Kim & Akylas (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 557, 2006, pp. 237–256).
Partial inhibition of the main energetic pathways and its metabolic consequences after in vivo treatment with benzimidazole derivatives in experimental neurocysticercosis
Authors: Picanço Guaraciara de Andrade , de Lima Nayana Ferreira , Gomes Taynara Cristina , Fraga Carolina Miguel , Alves Daniella de Sousa Moreira Mendes , Castillo Rafael , da Costa Tatiane Luiza , Lino-Junior Ruy de Souza , Ambrosio Javier , Vinaud Marina Clare 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBenzimidazole derivatives such as albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole are important molecules used in helminthic treatment. Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of acquired epilepsy throughout the world and is currently treated with ABZ. New molecules have been studied in order to aid in the treatment of this neglected tropical disease, among them RCB15 and RCB20. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic impact of RCB15 and RCB20 on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci intracranially inoculated in Balb/c mice. Thirty days after the inoculation the mice were treated with 50 mg kg−1 of RCB15, RCB20, ABZ or NaCl 0.9%. The euthanasia and cysticerci removal were performed 24 h after the treatment. The cysticerci were analysed through high performance liquid chromatography. After the treatments, there was an impairment in the main energetic pathways such as glycolytic pathway, homolactic fermentation or in mitochondrion energy production detected through the decrease in pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate, malate and fumarate concentrations. This induced the parasite to resort to alternative energetic pathways such as proteins catabolism, propionate fermentation and fatty acids oxidation. Therefore, benzimidazole derivatives are a promising alternative to ABZ use as they also reach the brain tissue and induce a metabolic stress in the cysticerci.
Stress and microbiota: Between biology and psychology
Authors: Birk Rasmus Hoffmann 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This comment expands on Hooks et al.’s criticism of the problematic and overly general uses of “stress” within the microbiota-gut-brain field. The comment concludes that, for the microbiota-gut-brain field (as for other fields drawing on “stress”), much work is yet to be done in terms of how we explore and understand biology vis-à-vis psychology.
Scientific claims are constitutive of common sense about health
Authors: Gligorov Nada 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndorsing the view that commonsense conceptions are shaped by scientific claims provides an explanation for why microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research might become incorporated into commonsense notions of health. But scientific claims also shape notions of personal identity, which accounts for why they can become entrenched in common sense even after they have been refuted by science.
Putting microbiota-gut-brain research in a systemic developmental context: Focus on breast milk
Authors: Howell Brittany , Tramacere Antonella 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) field holds huge potential for understanding behavioral development and informing effective early interventions for psychological health. To realize this potential, factors that shape the MGB axis in infancy (i.e., breast milk) must be integrated into a systemic framework that considers salient behavioral outcomes. This is best accomplished applying network analyses in large prospective, longitudinal investigations in humans.
Combining integrated systems-biology approaches with intervention-based experimental design provides a higher-resolution path forward for microbiome research
Authors: Blakeley-Ruiz J. Alfredo , McClintock Carlee S. , Lydic Ralph , Baghdoyan Helen A. , Choo James J. , Hettich Robert L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Hooks et al. review of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) literature provides a constructive criticism of the general approaches encompassing MGB research. This commentary extends their review by: (a) highlighting capabilities of advanced systems-biology “-omics” techniques for microbiome research and (b) recommending that combining these high-resolution techniques with intervention-based experimental design may be the path forward for future MGB research.
Free access to the concert hall: widening university students’ participation in extracurricular activity?
Authors: Peiser Gillian , Stanley Grant 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of extracurricular activity in higher education is receiving increasing international attention as a means for developing social and cultural resources for steering social and employment networks. The focus of this paper is on a post-1992 English university partnership with an orchestra, enabling students to attend free concerts. The initiative aspired to extend the student experience, break down barriers, and encourage students to try a new musical experience. This study explores students’ experiences and contrasts these with the aspirations of the vice chancellor. In view of studies establishing relationships between extracurricular activity and inequality of opportunity, this paper also investigates whether financial subsidies widen participation.
Detecting light verb constructions across languages
Authors: Nagy T. István , Rácz Anita , Vincze Veronika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLight verb constructions (LVCs) are verb and noun combinations in which the verb has lost its meaning to some degree and the noun is used in one of its original senses, typically denoting an event or an action. They exhibit special linguistic features, especially when regarded in a multilingual context. In this paper, we focus on the automatic detection of LVCs in raw text in four different languages, namely, English, German, Spanish, and Hungarian. First, we analyze the characteristics of LVCs from a linguistic point of view based on parallel corpus data. Then, we provide a standardized (i.e., language-independent) representation of LVCs that can be used in machine learning experiments. After, we experiment on identifying LVCs in different languages: we exploit language adaptation techniques which demonstrate that data from an additional language can be successfully employed in improving the performance of supervised LVC detection for a given language. As there are several annotated corpora from several domains in the case of English and Hungarian, we also investigate the effect of simple domain adaptation techniques to reduce the gap between domains. Furthermore, we combine domain adaptation techniques with language adaptation techniques for these two languages. Our results show that both out-domain and additional language data can improve performance. We believe that our language adaptation method may have practical implications in several fields of natural language processing, especially in machine translation.
Validation predicting premature drop-out from treatment provided in training clinics
Authors: Howard Kristen P. , Altenburger Erin M. , Cheavens Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground:Therapist validation in treatment is theorized to be related to positive outcomes (Linehan, 1993), including keeping patients in therapy longer.Aims:We sought to evaluate the role of therapist validation from both therapists’ and clients’ perspectives as a predictor of drop-out from psychotherapy in three cognitive behavioural training clinics.Method:Clients in psychotherapy (n = 50; 80% female; 82% Caucasian) and their trainee therapists (n = 22; 68% female; 86% Caucasian) rated validation by the therapist at each of four early sessions of therapy.Results:After accounting for symptom severity, clients who reported greater therapist validation were less likely to drop out of treatment. Therapist ratings of their own validating behaviours were unrelated to client drop-out. Therapist experience moderated the relation between client-rated validation and drop-out, such that validation was unrelated to drop-out for more experienced therapists.Conclusions:Assessing and attending to client perceptions of validation by the therapist early in treatment, with brief self-report inventories, can alert therapists to clients at greater risk of drop-out.
Validation of recursive partitioning analysis, graded prognostic assessment and basic score for brain metastases as prognostic indices among patients with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy in Indonesia
Authors: Gondhowiardjo Soehartati A. , Aman Renindra A. , Setyawan Arry , Handoko  , Ramli Irwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Metastatic brain disease is still a major contributor to cancer treatment failure. Various treatments have improved in the recent decades, which allow for better control of brain metastatic lesions. Various prognostic scoring tools have been developed and used worldwide to stratify patients with brain metastases to determine who will benefit most from aggressive treatment. The three most commonly used prognostic scoring tools are recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), basic score for brain metastases (BSBM) and graded prognostic assessment (GPA). The aim of this study is to validate these scoring tools using an Indonesian cancer patient population.Method:A retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with brain metastases from January 2012 until December 2014, through using hospital medical records, was conducted. All patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy during this period were included in this study. A follow-up with a telephone call was carried out to determine the patient’s health and survival status. Uncontactable patients were excluded from the analysis. Survival analysis was carried out by stratifying patients based on the three prognostic scoring systems.Result:A total of 80 patients were eligible to be included in the study, with 18 excluded due to being uncontactable. The remaining 62 patients’ data were analysed and stratified with all three scoring systems. The RPA was found to confer better stratification than BSBM and GPA in our study population.Conclusion:GPA was non-prognostic in our study population and BSBM was less prognostic, especially in the middle group, class 1 and class 2. Those BSBM class 1 and class 2 did not provide good prognostic stratification in our study population, whereas RPA was proven to be the best in stratifying patients’ prognosis with brain metastases in our study population.
Magnesium intake and lung cancer risk: A systematic review and	meta-analysis
Authors: Dana Nasim , Karimi Raheleh , Mansourian Marjan , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy , Laher Ismail , Vaseghi Golnaz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Magnesium may reduce the risk of lung cancer by affecting cell proliferation, inflammation and by preserving lung function; however, the results of epidemiological studies on the potential benefits of magnesium in lung pathology are inconclusive. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between magnesium intake and the risk of lung cancer. A total of 5 studies were extracted from PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Review (to May 2018). These studies involved 58,5821 participants with 8,977 lung cancer cases. The pooled relative risk (RR) indicated a significant association between lung cancer incidence and magnesium intake (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.98; p = 0.018). To investigate the cause of heterogeneity of these studies (I2 = 75.8%, p < 0.001), we performed a subgroup analysis which was affected by the mean dose of magnesium intake, where doses of magnesium intake lower than 300 mg/d significantly decreased lung cancer risk (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.99; p = 0.034). Increasing magnesium intake doses to over 300 mg/d did not reduce the incidence of lung cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.78 to 1.01; p = 0.076). Our meta-analysis suggests that magnesium intake of less than 300 mg/d may have protective effects in lung cancer.
Earthquake Swarms Triggered by Groundwater Extraction Near the Dead Sea Fault
Authors: Wetzler Nadav , Shalev Eyal , Göbel Thomas , Amelung Falk , Kurzon Ittai , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Brodsky Emily E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 2013 and 2018, earthquake swarms with a maximum moment magnitude of 4.5 occurred ~5 km from the northern section of the Dead Sea Transform Fault. Here we show that aquifer pressure data, interferometric synthetic aperture radar surface deformation time series, and seismic monitoring suggest that groundwater withdrawal triggered these earthquakes. Continuous groundwater extraction from several wells located ~10 km west of the swarms has accelerated since 2010 and resulted in a total decrease of ~50 m of the groundwater level at the time of the 2018 earthquake swarm. The withdrawal also corresponds to surface subsidence of ~10 mm/year based on repeat interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements. The temporal correlation, extensive subsidence, anomalous swarm characteristics, and normal faulting orientation suggest a connection between the groundwater withdrawal and recent earthquakes. Poroelastic modeling demonstrates that pumping‐induced pore pressure decrease west of the earthquake could have caused significant dilatational stresses that led to normal faulting events outside the aquifer.
The Storm Time Development of Source Electrons and Chorus Wave Activity During CME‐ and CIR‐Driven Storms
Authors: Bingham S. T. , Mouikis C. G. , Kistler L. M. , Paulson K. W. , Farrugia C. J. , Huang C. L. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Kletzing C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhistler mode chorus waves influence the dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts and the inner magnetosphere through gyroresonant wave particle interactions. Chorus waves are generated by anisotropic hot electrons from a few to tens of keV, called source electrons, which have increased access from the nightside plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms. The primary drivers of geomagnetic storms are coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction regions (CIRs). Through differences in their characteristic physical parameters, they can each impact the nightside plasma sheet differently. Using Van Allen Probes observations, we have conducted a superposed epoch analysis of chorus wave activity and source electron development across all local times between L = 2–6 during 25 CME‐ and 35 CIR‐driven storms. The superposed epoch analysis shows that chorus wave power follows the storm phase‐dependent access of the source electron population. Chorus waves and source electrons are observed on the dawnside during the main phase, when open drift path access via eastward convective drift from the plasma sheet is enhanced. During the recovery phase, chorus waves and source electrons are observed at all magnetic local times with low intensities, exemplifying the formation of a weak symmetric, trapped electron population. A linear theory approximation for wave growth from source electron observations shows that increased wave growth follows the enhanced source electrons during each storm phase. CME and CIR storms display similar behavior and levels of average wave power; however, chorus wave activity reaches lower L‐shells during CME storms on average.
Solar Response and Long‐Term Trend of Midlatitude Mesopause Region Temperature Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Na Lidar Observations
Authors: She Chiao‐Yao , Berger U. , Yan Zhao‐Ai , Yuan Tao , Lübken F.‐J. , Krueger David A. , Hu Xiong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present midlatitude solar response and linear trend from Colorado State University/Utah State University Na lidar nocturnal temperature observations between 1990 and 2017. Along with the nightly mean temperatures (_Ngt), we also use the corresponding 2‐hr means centered at midnight (_2MN), resulting in vertical trend profiles similar in shapes as those previously published. The 28‐year trend from _Ngt (_2MN) data set starts from a small warming at 85 km, to cooling at 87 (88) km, reaching a maximum of 1.85 ± 0.53 (1.09 ± 0.74) at 92 (93) km and turns positive again at 102 (100) km. The 6‐month winter trend is much cooler than the 4‐month summer trend with comparable solar response varying around 5 ± 1 K/100 SFU throughout the profile (85–105 km) with higher summer values. We explore the observed summer/winter trend difference in terms of observed gravity wave heat flux heating rate at a nearby station and the long‐term trend of gravity wave variance at a midlatitude. Between 89 and 100 km, the lidar trends are within the error bars of the Leibniz Middle Atmosphere (LIMA) summer trends (1979–2013), which are nearly identical to the lidar‐Ngt trend. We address the need of long data set for reliable analysis on trend, the extent of trend uncertainty due to possible tidal bias, the effect of a Pinatubo/episodic function, and the impact of stratospheric ozone recovery.
PIM1-dependent phosphorylation of Histone H3 at Serine 10 is required for MYC-dependent transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation.
Authors: Oliviero Salvatore , Zippo Alessio , De Robertis Alessandra , Serafini Riccardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe serine/threonine kinase PIM1, cooperates with MYC in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. However, the nature of this cooperation remains elusive. Here we show that PIM1 contributes to the transcriptional activation of MYC-target genes by phosphorylating the histone H3 nucleosome at Serine 10 (H3S10). Recombinant PIM1 directly phosphorylates H3S10 on the nucleosome in vitro. Following growth factor stimulation, PIM1 accumulates in the nucleus where it forms a complex with the MYC/MAX dimer via the MYC BoxII domain (MBII). Immunofluorescence analysis coupled with in vivo run-on shows a high degree of PIM1 and MYC co-localization in the nucleus at sites of active transcription. Expression profile analysis revealed that PIM1 contributes to the regulation of 20% of the MYC-regulated genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis in MYC silenced cells demonstrates that MYC recruits PIM1 to the E boxes of the MYC-target genes FOSL1 (FRA1) and ID2. PIM1 knockdown as well as the over-expression of the kinase inactive mutant demonstrate that PIM1 is required for H3S10 phosphorylation at FOSL1 and ID2 MYC-binding sites and for their transcriptional activation. Moreover, we show that PIM1-dependent H3S10 phosphorylation contributes to MYC transforming capacity. These results establish a new function for PIM1 as a MYC cofactor that phosphorylates the chromatin at MYC-target loci and suggest that nucleosome phosphorylation, at E boxes, contributes to MYC-dependent transcriptional activation and cellular transformation.
On The Dangers Of Aligning RNA Sequences Using “Conserved” Motifs
Authors: Page Roderic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAligning RNA sequences can be a challenging task. Automatic sequence alignment programs typically align sequences only with respect to primary sequence, and as a result may yield spurious alignments. Incorporating information on RNA secondary structure can improve the alignment, but this must usually be done by hand. One approach to aligning RNA sequences uses "conserved motifs", however relying on these motifs may lead to gross errors of alignment if, in fact, those motifs are not conserved.