bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSTRUKSI YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN GIZJELING SEBAGAI ALAT PAKSA PENAGIHAN UTANG PAJAK
Authors: Adiyanta F.C. Susila 
Published: February 2018

Gizjeling merupakan salah satu instrumen untuk penagihan pajak. Lembaga gizjeling pernah dibekukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dengan SEMA No. 2 Tahun 1964 dan SEMA No. 4 tahun 1975 dan juga diikuti Dirjen Pajak dengan menerbitkan SE No. 06/PJ.04/1979. Perubahan paradigma penggunaan gizjeling terjadi saat MA menerbitkan PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2000 dan pemerintah menggunakannya juga untuk penagihan pajak saat mengalami kesulitan penerimaan pajak. Fokus permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana konstruksi yuridis gizjeling (sandera) sebagai instrumen penagihan utang pajak dan legitimasi historis penggunaan alat paksa sandera (gizjeling) untuk penagihan utang pajak ? Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan: 1) konstruksi yuridis dari perspektif hukum administratif, gijzeling adalah bentuk paksaan nyata pemerintah (bestuurdwang), merupakan paksaan tidak langsung untuk penagihan utang pajak; dan instrumen penagihan pajak terakhir (ultimum remedium) untuk penagihan utang pajak. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) penegakan hukum pajak harus lebih mengedepankan pendekatan persuasif daripada penggunakan paksaan fisik (gizjeling/paksa badan); 2) dalam setiap penegakan hukum pajak, pemerintah harus mendorong partisipasi publik dengan model tindakan komunikatif.
Doctor, Teacher, and Stethoscope: Neural Representation of Different Types of Semantic Relations
Authors: Xu Yangwen , Wang Xiaosha , Wang Xiaoying , Men Weiwei , Gao Jia-Hong , Bi Yanchao 
Published: February 2018

Concepts can be related in many ways. They can belong to the same taxonomic category (e.g., “doctor” and “teacher,” both in the category of people) or be associated with the same event context (e.g., “doctor” and “stethoscope,” both associated with medical scenarios). How are these two major types of semantic relations coded in the brain? We constructed stimuli from three taxonomic categories (people, manmade objects, and locations) and three thematic categories (school, medicine, and sports) and investigated the neural representations of these two dimensions using representational similarity analyses in human participants (10 men and nine women). In specific regions of interest, the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), we found that, whereas both areas had significant effects of taxonomic information, the taxonomic relations had stronger effects in the ATL than in the TPJ (“doctor” and “teacher” closer in ATL neural activity), with the reverse being true for thematic relations (“doctor” and “stethoscope” closer in TPJ neural activity). A whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed that widely distributed regions, mainly in the left hemisphere, represented the taxonomic dimension. Interestingly, the significant effects of the thematic relations were only observed after the taxonomic differences were controlled for in the left TPJ, the right superior lateral occipital cortex, and other frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. In summary, taxonomic grouping is a primary organizational dimension across distributed brain regions, with thematic grouping further embedded within such taxonomic structures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow are concepts organized in the brain? It is well established that concepts belonging to the same taxonomic categories (e.g., “doctor” and “teacher”) share neural representations in specific brain regions. How concepts are associated in other manners (e.g., “doctor” and “stethoscope,” which are thematically related) remains poorly understood. We used representational similarity analyses to unravel the neural representations of these different types of semantic relations by testing the same set of words that could be differently grouped by taxonomic categories or by thematic categories. We found that widely distributed brain areas primarily represented taxonomic categories, with the thematic categories further embedded within the taxonomic structure.
Difficulties in cerebrospinal fluid βhCG interpretation in a patient with an infundibular lesion
Authors: Jones Alicia R , McNeil Alan , Yates Christopher , Krishnamurthy Bala , Hamblin Peter S 
Published: February 2018

Summary
A variety of neoplastic, inflammatory and congenital conditions can cause pituitary stalk thickening. Differentiating between these causes is important as targeted treatment may be offered. Diagnostic work-up consists of a thorough history, examination, biochemical analysis and imaging. We present the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with diabetes insipidus and had pituitary stalk thickening on magnetic resonance imaging. Further investigations revealed an elevated CSF βhCG, which raised the possibility of an intracranial germ cell tumor. However, when repeated on four different assays, the βhCG levels were discordant. On serial imaging, the pituitary stalk thickening reduced slightly, which would be unexpected for a germ cell tumor. This case raises the difficulties interpreting CSF βhCG, as not all immunoassays for βhCG have been validated for use in CSF. The Roche Diagnostics Elecsys and Siemens Centaur assays have been validated for CSF βhCG, and so we advocate using one of these methods. If unavailable or serum/CSF results are ambiguous, serial MRI is appropriate, with pituitary stalk biopsy considered if the stalk measures >6.5 mm or other imaging abnormalities are present.

Learning points:

Most adult patients with central diabetes insipidus have imaging abnormalities on a pituitary MRI. The most common abnormalities are loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot and pituitary stalk thickening, both of which are non-specific.

Causes of pituitary stalk thickening include neoplastic, inflammatory, infective and congenital lesions.

Investigation of pituitary stalk thickening should encompass the many possible causes and include biochemical analyses as well as imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Further investigations should be guided by the clinical context, but may include testicular ultrasound, CSF analysis and pituitary stalk biopsy.

Germ cell tumors involving the pituitary stalk may be suspected on clinical grounds, but in the absence of a tissue diagnosis (biopsy) confirmation may be difficult and relies on biochemical assessment of blood and possibly CSF as well as serial MRI imaging.

CSF βhCG levels should be analyzed on an instrument validated for use in CSF or on multiple instruments, and the pitfalls of testing this marker (false negative in some germ cell tumors, false positives in other conditions, lack of internationally agreed reference ranges for diagnosing germ cell tumors) should be considered when interpreting the results.
Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana
Authors: Tapanainen Riikka , Parker Darren J , Kankare Maaria 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
To function properly, organisms must adjust their physiology, behavior and metabolism in response to a suite of varying environmental conditions. One of the central regulators of these changes is organisms’ internal circadian clock, and recent evidence has suggested that the clock genes are also important in the regulation of seasonal adjustments. In particular, thermosensitive splicing of the core clock gene timeless in a cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has implicated this gene to be involved in thermal adaptation. To further investigate this link we examined the splicing of timeless in a northern malt fly species, Drosophila montana, which can withstand much colder climatic conditions than its southern relative. We studied northern and southern populations from two different continents (North America and Europe) to find out whether and how the splicing of this gene varies in response to different temperatures and day lengths. Interestingly, we found that the expression of timeless splice variants was sensitive to differences in light conditions, and while the flies of all study populations showed a change in the usage of splice variants in constant light compared to LD 22:2, the direction of the shift varied between populations. Overall, our findings suggest that the splicing of timeless in northern Drosophila montana flies is photosensitive, rather than thermosensitive and highlights the value of studying multiple species and populations in order to gain perspective on the generality of gene function changes in different kinds of environmental conditions.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) DIAMOND FILM/SI(111) BY IMPLANTATION WITH Fe + B IONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Purwanto Setyo , Dimyati A. , Iskandar R. , A.A Wisnu , S Tjipto 
Published: February 2018

Surface Modification of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Diamond Film/Si(111) by Implantation with Fe+B ions In Conjunction with their Magnetic Properties. Surfcace modification of CVD manufactured diamond films on Si(111) substrate has been performed by means of Fe+B ion implantation followed by Argon ion gas sputtering with acceleration energy 20 keV and ion dose 1x1015 and 1x1016 ions cm-2. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) imaging shows the formation of amorphous carbon layer on top of the diamond film with thickness ca. 100 nm on the implanted sample and ca. 20 nm on the sample without implantion. The morphology and magnetic property of the films surface were characterized by Atomic and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM/MFM). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy EELS analysis has revealed amount of Boron atoms distributed homogenously inside the carbon amorphous layer on both samples which is in close agreement to the result of Raman Spectroscopy showing the changes of the Raman spectrum due to implantation. The magnetic properties of the samples after Fe+B ion implantion were additionally investigated by means of Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). By increasing ion doses at constant energy 20 keV, the magnetoresistance property decreased from +45% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1015 to +8% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1016 ions cm-2.
Effect of nasal obstruction in the acoustic analysis of voice
Authors: Sanchez-Balderas Victor R. , Fernández-Olvera María , Ascencio-Padilla Rubén D. J. 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The voice is the main form of communication between humans and the nasal and sinusal cavity participates in the resonance process. An alteration in the nasal diameter can produce changes in the voice. The objective of this study was to relate the degree of nasal obstruction measured by the SNOT 20 questionnaire to the acoustic analysis of the voice. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">58 non-smoker volunteers without laryngeal pathology where included, 25 women (43%) and 33 men (57%). The average age was 22.1 years (±1.7). The laryngopharyngeal reflux and SNOT20 questionnaires were applied together with an acoustic analysis, we measured fundamental frequency, Jitter and Shimmer. The analysis was done separating in groups by sex and by SNOT score (less than 20 points and equal or higher than 20). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average of SNOT questionnaire was 15.06 (±11.8), we found no relation between the scores of the SNOT20 questionnaire with Jitter, fundamental frequency, Shimmer or voice intensity (p≥0.01). When separated by groups, the analysis by sex or by scores (SNOT &gt; or &lt; than 20 groups) did not show a statistically significant relationship. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In this study we did not find a relation between changes in acoustic analysis in Fundamental frequency, Jitter and Shimmer and the degree of nasal obstruction measured by SNOT 20. The groups of gender and severity of SNOT did not show relationship. More studies are necessary in order to evaluate the relation of nasal obstruction and the acoustic analysis of the voice.</span></p><p> </p>
Study of impact of surgical intervention (adenotonsillectomy) and conservative management on quality of life in patients with SDB
Authors: Ali Arshed , Nisar Jasif , Ali Ihsan , Ahmad Rauf 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">SDB is an important cause of morbidity in children. SDB has been associated with decreased quality of life (QOL). In this study, we tried to determine The impact of surgical intervention (adenotonsillectomy) and conservative management on quality of life in patients with SDB. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A total of 112 pediatric patients were included with SDB, who visited our OPD. Diagnostic methods include history and physical examination, audiotaping or videotaping, pulse oximetry. OSA 18 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life with conservative treatment (pre and post-treatment) and after surgical intervention-before and after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We had 112 patients with majority being males 69 (61.60%) and females 43 (38.30%), majority of patients were in the age group of 5-7 yrs (49.10%). In 47 patients (who underwent adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy), OSA-18 questionnaire was used pre-operatively, at 2 and 6 months. OSA-18 when used pre-operatively showed majority of patients 33 (70.21%) having score &gt;80, and 14 (29.79%) patients having score between 60-80. No patient was below 60 score. Mean OSA-18 score pre-operatively was 84.15. OSA-18 score at 2 months and at 6 months were 30.06 and 26.40 respectively, which showed a lot of improvement in post-operative score and hence the post –operative quality of life. In 65 patients (conservative treatment) OSA-18 was used pre-conservative, at 2 and 6 months of treatment. OSA-18 when used before conservative treatment<strong> </strong>showed majority of patients 44 (67.6 9%) having score 60-80, and 21 (32.30%) patients having score between &gt;80. No patient was below 60 score. OSA-18 score at 2 months showed improvement in 69.23% patients (&lt;40), OSA-18 at 6 months showed recurrence in 12.33% patients. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">SDB substantially impact QOL in pediatric patients. QOL significantly improves following adenotonsillectomy. There is subset of patients 12.33% with SDB in whom there was recurrence of symptoms after conservative treatment. Thus showing that conservative management is inferior to surgical management in the treatment of SDB. SDB improved after an observation period. Thus, observation with close follow-up is another treatment option.</span></p><p> </p>
An evaluation of preoperative high resolution computed tomography of temporal bone in cholesteatoma
Authors: Khavasi Prabhu , Malashetti Santosh , H. Chandrashekarayya S. 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cholesteatoma is relatively common and potentially dangerous disease of the ear. It is characterised by local destruction and osseous erosion leading to complications. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of middle ear structures and pathology. The aim of this study is to evaluate role of preoperative HRCT in the diagnosis of the disease, its extension and complications and plan for surgery.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral teaching hospital and 40 cases of cholesteatoma were selected and their pre-operative HRCT temporal bone findings and intraoperative findings were correlated. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This study showed good correlation between preoperative HRCT findings of cholesteatoma, and intraoperative findings. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We conclude therefore the preoperative HRCT temporal bone is useful guide for the surgeon for the diagnosis and management of cholesteatoma.</span></p>
Swallowing difficulties among healthy elderly: prevalence and aetiology
Authors: Abdul Khader Fathima , Somayaji K. S. Gangadhara , . Mubeena 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Dysphagia is a common problem among elderly individuals. Very few studies have been done to know the prevalence of dysphagia among healthy elderly individuals. So a study was done to assess the prevalence of swallowing difficulties among healthy elderly individuals and to find out the various causes for it in them. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">259 elderly individuals were screened using the swallowing disturbance questionnaire to assess the prevalence of swallowing disorders. Those individuals with swallowing disorders were further subjected to modified Barium swallow to know the aetiology. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Of the 259 elderly individuals screened, 85 were females and 174 were males. The mean age and standard deviation was 66.16±6.233. The prevalence of swallowing difficulties was 20.1%, with no significant difference in the gender wise distribution or age wise distribution. Among the various aetiologies diagnosed, idiopathic cause is the commonest, followed by oesophageal neoplasm (21.1%), and then the achalasia cardia (9.6%). Among oesophageal neoplasm, mid-thoracic esophageal neoplasm (9.6%) is the commonest. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Considering the time and cost involved, it is not feasible to subject all elderly for instrumental swallowing evaluation like videofluoroscopy. Hence it would be beneficial to screen the elderly individuals for dysphagia and educate them regarding its importance, as dysphagia can also be associated with serious underlying pathology and complications such as aspiration.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Dyadic wavelet analysis and detection of sinusitis using near infrared sensor
Authors: Kamatchi S. , Sundararajan M. 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sinusitis is a chronic infection or inflammation which affects the paranasal sinus cavities and the associated nasal cavities. As the symptoms of sinusitis greatly resemble upper respiratory infections, diagnosing sinusitis clinically is a major issue.<strong> </strong>Though imaging techniques serves as a standard in confirming the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, the availability at the primary care settings, affordability and diagnosing acute cases calls upon an alternative technique in practice. Recent researches confirming the diagnosis of sinusitis using Near-infrared imaging gives us hope in taking up the research using optical sensing. The objective of the study was to successfully diagnose sinusitis using NIR-LED optical sensor and to signal process the data obtained from the patients using Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DyWT) to confirm and to validate diagnosis using regression analysis. The study also correlates the plain radiographic findings with the NIR device sensing to make the device feasible.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a one year pilot study (June 2014–May 2015) conducted with forty patients suspected of sinusitis and with clinical history along with ten healthy individuals as controls. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients age ranged from 18-65 years were included in the study. Results from NIR sensing device well correlate with the radiographic examination of the registered candidates. The regression result perfectly matches with the dyadic wavelet results of the patients, confirming the diagnosing of sinusitis using near- infrared sensor. Radiographic examination well correlates with the results from the NIR diagnostic device providing a valuable evidence of the hardware.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> NIR-LED sensor device can provide qualitative evidence in differentiating the mild and severe patients based on air-fluid level present in the sinus. The results strongly recommend that NIR sensing device can be a best alternative in case of frequently sinus affected patients and for the unaffordable patients without the risk of radiation.</p>
Comparing endoscopic microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy with curettage procedure
Authors: Ravishakar C. , Killera Shambulinga 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoid is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, forming a part of the Waldeyer's ring, was initially described in 1868 by Meyer. Adenoidectomy is one of the commonest operations done on children. It is done alone or along with tonsillectomy or with ventilation tube insertion for otitis media with effusion. Objective of the study was to compare the results of endoscopic microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy with that of conventional curettage adenoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective randomized study of 60 patients with clinical features of adenoid hypertrophy. These patients were randomly divided into two groups, 30 each using the table of random numbers. Group I, underwent endoscopic microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy and group II underwent adenoidectomy by curettage. All the patients were followed up for a period of 3 months. Parameters such as operating time, blood loss, intra-operative/post-operative complications and residual adenoid tissue were assessed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study mean age of patients in group I (EAA) was 9±0.50 years (range 6–15 years) and group II (CA) was 9.86 ± 2.31 years (range 6-15 years). The mean operating time was 20.79 minutes for the group I (range: 12 to 35 minutes) and 14.42 minutes for group II (range: 10 to 22 minutes, p=0.001). Blood loss was around 31.06 ml (range: 21 to 46 ml) in group I and 22.26 ml (range: 10 to 60 ml) in group II. Adenoidectomy by curette group showed more residual nasopharyngeal adenoid tissue (43.33%) than by endoscopic microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy (20%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Endoscopic microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy is a safe and more effective compared to curettage method, with very minimal chances of injury to the surrounding structures during the procedure.</p>