bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fashion and Homophily
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Cao Zhigang , Qin Cheng-Zhong , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2018

We analyze the evolution of fashion based on a network game model. Each agent in this model is a conformist or a rebel. A conformist prefers to take the action most common among her neighboring agents, whereas a rebel prefers the opposite. When there is only one type of agents, the model possesses an exact potential function, implying that fashion cycles are unlikely to emerge in a homogeneous population. The homophily index, a measure of segregation in networks with multiple types of nodes, is shown to play a key role in the emergence of fashion cycles. Our main finding is that a lower homophily index, in general, promotes the emergence of fashion cycles. We establish this result through a potential analysis, a partial potential analysis, and a stability analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations that is approximated from a stochastic best response dynamic. Numerical simulations based on a variety of networks confirm that the approximate analysis is reliable.The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1744 .
Catching Sight: Queer Worldmaking in a Glance
Authors: Barnett Joshua Trey , Killen Brandon S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In a sequence of passing glimpses—at turns theoretical, personal, and analytical—this essay considers the humble but forceful glance as a vital mode of queer world-making. Setting out from Alex Wong’s photograph of Carson Jones conspicuously cutting eyes at Vice President Mike Pence during Doug Jones’s senatorial swearing-in on January 3, 2018, this essay explores the subjective, relational, and communal modes through which glancing exerts force. Weaving through our personal and public lives, the authors contend, glancing stitches the visual matrix from which we navigate and construct our social worlds.
The effects of apelin on myometrium contractions in pregnant rats
Authors: Kacar Emine , Ercan Zubeyde , Serhatlioglu Ihsan , Sumer Aysegul , Kelestimur Haluk , Kutlu Selim 
Published: September 2018

Apelin, which is a new hormone, is secreted especially in the brain by hypothalamus as well as by many other organs like the stomach, fat tissue, and the heart. For apelin, whose possible effects on many bodily functions like the endocrine system, cardiovascular system and metabolic activities are still under investigation, the reproductive system is also an important target area. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of plasma apelin levels in rats that were in diestrus, pregnancy and lactation periods, and to examine its possible effects on myometrium contractions of pregnant rats and non-pregnant rats that were in diestrus period. The plasma apelin concentrations in female adult Wistar rats were determined with the ELISA method in the diestrus period, and on the 12th, 18th, and 21st days of the pregnancy, and on the 2nd and 10th days of lactation (n=7 for each group). In addition, the effect of apelin at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 Î¼M doses on isometric contractions in the rat uterus on the 21st day of pregnancy and in diestrus period was tested by using isolated organ bath. This protocol was repeated under conditions that were pre-treated with protein kinase C inhibitor in calcium-free medium, and the possible effect of apelin on contractions and the mechanisms that might mediate this effect were investigated. When plasma apelin levels were compared with the rats in diestrus period, the apelin concentrations in the 21-day pregnancy group were high at a significant level (p<0.05); and low at a significant level in the 2-day lactation group (p<0.05). In myometrium contraction trials, it was observed that apelin induced the contractions. Apelin increased the frequency of the myometrium contractions at a significant level when applied at 1 Î¼M and 10 Î¼M concentrations (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Only after the apelin application at 10 Î¼M concentration did the amplitude of the contractions increase at a significant level (p<0.01). In the myometrium of the rats that were on the 21st day of pregnancy, the frequency of the contractions was statistically significant at 0.1 Î¼M, 1 Î¼M and 10 Î¼M doses (p<0.01). In addition, the amplitude of the contractions increased at a statistically significant level at 1 Î¼M and 10 Î¼M dose application (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The apelin application induced the contractions in calcium-free medium. When apelin was applied after the pre-application with protein kinase C inhibitor, no contractions were observed. The present study showed that apelin levels were increased at the end of pregnancy in rats, and the hormone induced the uterus contractions. This effect does not occur with protein kinase C inhibitor and in calcium-free medium, which shows that protein kinase C pathway might play a role in these mechanism. These findings show that apelin might be an endogenous peptide that plays a role on uterine contractions at birth in rats.
Lentiviral-mediated BCL2 gene knockdown using comparative microRNA adaptive shRNAs
Authors: Abdolhossein Zadeh Baharak , Yavari Kamal , Banan Mehdi , Fallah Ali , Nasehi Leila , Absalan Moloud , Tavoosidana Gholamreza 
Published: September 2018

B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family proteins play a critical role in tuning cell death processes. Almost in half of all human cancers, a dysregulation in BCL2 family gene expression has been shown which made it an impressive target for human gene therapy as a novel approach in cancers. In this study we will optimize lentiviral-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), recombinant lentiviruses accommodating anti-BCL2 micro adaptive short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), to downregulate BCL2 in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells to produce stable cell lines. We tested 4 different Dharmaconâ„¢ GIPZâ„¢ shRNAmir lentiviral vectors targeting BCL2 in different positions and a pGIPZ non-silencing shRNAmir lentiviral vector (as a negative control). Lentivirus packaging was performed by the calcium phosphate precipitation method. HEK293T cells were transduced by each type of recombinant lentiviruses individually and selected by puromycin within 10 days. The relative mRNA level and protein expression were assayed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technic and western blotting, respectively. Lentivirus (LV) packaging was performed in high efficiency (transfection rate was > 90%). Recombinant viruses of 4 expression vector addition to a control vector were produced then transduced to HEK293T cells successfully. All the 4 cell groups showed a significant down regulation of BCL2 gene (~90-95%) at mRNA level compared to the control group (p<0.01) but differences between silenced groups were not significant (P > 0.05). We showed that the lentivirus-mediated RNAi technique is an efficient method to establish HEK293 cell lines with stable down-regulation of BCL2 gene.
Recent advances in the application of carbohydrates as renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds
Authors: Sadraei S. Iraj , St Onge Brent , Trant John F. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Carbohydrates, in the form of chitin, chitosan and cellulose, are one of the most available, renewable, and sustainable chemical feedstocks. Their conversion to biofuels, fine chemicals, and industrially-relevant monomers is becoming increasingly viable and promising as innovation decreases the price of this technology, and climate change and the price of fossil fuels increases the social and economic costs of using traditional feedstocks. In recent years, carbohydrates have been increasingly used as sources for nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. This chapter, with 86 references, provides a brief overview of the conversion of carbohydrate biomass to the standard hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing derivatives, and then provides a survey of recent progress in converting the biopolymers, and the derived mono and di-saccharides, into nitrogen-containing molecules with a special focus on N-heterocycle synthesis for medicinal applications.
Green chemistry in secondary school
Authors: Ause Robert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Green chemistry education requires learning about the scientific facts of chemistry of the environment and also applying the implications of this knowledge to human lifestyles. All students need to learn how chemistry works as a physical science in its part of the ecological system of our planet. Green chemistry also must be modeled as a lifestyle so that this knowledge can be properly applied. In this chapter, the author describes how various green chemistry topics have been incorporated into the science curriculum at Greenhills School. Furthermore, the author also relates how this knowledge is applied in the school setting so that global sustaining principles can be caught by the next generation of our planet’s stewards.
Study of Asphalt Binder’s Rheological Properties Extracted from Warm Mix Asphalts
Authors: Morea Francisco 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The long-term performance of Warm Mix Asphalts (WMAs) is relatively unknown because this technology is fairly new. A critical question is how much the production temperature can be cut down in these mixtures without reducing performance and durability. In order to answer such a question, it is necessary to study different variables, such as type of warm additive and sort of binder, in relation to temperature reduction and how they all can influence and limit the mixture behavior. The study of rheological properties of “warm” binders related to pavement failure (fatigue and rutting) is a way to explore the potential performance of WMA. This work examines the rheological properties of different asphalt binders extracted from WMAs that were elaborated at temperatures 20°C and 30°C lower than hot mix asphalts. WMAs were produced with two different warm mix additives and two types of asphalt binders (one straight-run and one polymer-modified). The results show that rheological properties of WMA binders with a 20°C temperature reduction were similar or slightly better than those of the control asphalt binders in the case of modified asphalt. The warm straight-run binders present a worse rutting response, independent of the type of additive used. With a 30°C temperature reduction, no improvements were reached for either type of warm binder.
Characterization of Hot Corrosion Behavior of Different Regions of Tungsten Inert Gas Weldment in ASTM SA 210 GrA1 Boiler Tube Steel
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Tewari V. K. , Prakash Satya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hot corrosion is a serious problem in fired tube boiler materials. The deposition of oxalates from the water side does not allow the proper transfer of heat, resulting in overheating. This leads to catastrophic failures of boiler materials. In this study, GrA1 boiler tube steel was selected as a candidate material because it is used in several thermal power plants. Hot corrosion studies were conducted on different regions, i.e., base metal, weld metal, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of tungsten inert gas (TIG) weldment in GrA1 steel in a molten salt (Na2SO4-60 % V2O5) environment at 900°C under cyclic conditions. The thermogravimetric technique was used to establish the kinetics of corrosion. The corrosion products formed on different regions of TIG welded steel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction pattern. Base metal was found to oxidize at much higher rates than those of weld metal and HAZ.
Evidence of Osteogenic Regulation in Calcific Porcine Aortic Valves
Authors: Lu Fanglin , Wu Hao , Bai Yifan , Gong Dejun , Xia Cuiping , Li Qin , Lu Fanglin , Xu Zhiyun 
Published: September 2018

Background: Chemically cross-linked animal tissues, such as porcine aortic valves (PAVs) have many documented advantages over mechanical valves. However, calcification is the major underlying pathologic process that results in bioprosthetic valve failure. Recently, several reports described the expression of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins in bioprosthetic valves and suggested an actively regulated process of tissue repair.
Methods: Thirty-one explanted PAVs with evidence of calcification were collected and examined for the protein expression implicated in myofibroblast activation, osteoblast differentiation, and bone matrix deposition by using immunohistochemistry.
Results: The mean duration that PAVs were implanted was 11.5 ± 5.6 years, ranging from 12 months to 28 years. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between the duration and valvular calcification (r = 0.3818, P = .034). The number of vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells in explanted PAVs was significantly lower than that of unused PAVs (P < .01). However, increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (P < .01), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, P < .01), Cbfa1/Runx2 (P < .01), osterix (P = .0126), bone sialoprotein (BSP, P < .01), osteocalcin (P < .01), and osteopontin (P < .01) was found in explanted PAVs. Immunohistochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin was negative in the unused PAVs. In explanted PAVs, the expression level of these 2 proteins was also significantly increased.
Conclusions: Our results support the view that PAV calcification is an actively regulated process with osteogenic signaling activation.
Integralna wizja człowieka jako fundament kultury i wychowania
Authors: Godawa Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

Wielość filozoficznych koncepcji osoby ludzkiej powoduje, że niezbędna jest refleksja nad ich założeniami. Szczególnie ważne wydaje się zwrócenie uwagi na personalistyczną koncepcję osoby i jej zredukowane ujęcie, które promują właściwe sobie, przeciwstawne wartości. Zagadnienie integralnego i zredukowanego ujęcia osoby oraz jego kulturowego i wychowawczego znaczenia stało się zasadniczym obszarem badań podjętych na rzecz tego artykułu. Ich efektem jest zwrócenie uwagi na błąd antropologiczny tkwiący u podstaw redukcjonistycznych koncepcji osoby oraz podkreślenie znaczenia, jakiego w tym kontekście nabiera integralna wizja człowieka. Jest ona osadzona na założeniach personalizmu, do którego wielokrotnie nawiązuje Jan Paweł II. Integralna pedagogika personalistyczna wpływa pozytywnie nie tylko rozwój młodego pokolenia, ale także na kulturowy wymiar życia społecznego.
State law as a determinant of church legislation: the case of Poland
Authors: Kroczek Piotr 
Published: September 2018

A part of the relation between Church and state are interrelations between their systems of law. The aim of the paper is to present the problem of influence of state law on canon law. The discussion presented in the paper is to refer to the current situation in Poland and relations of the Catholic Church and the Republic of Poland. Document issued by the Episcopal Conference of Poland titled “The Guidelines for initial canonical inquiry and in the case of clerical accusations of deeds against the Sixth Commandment of the Decalogue with a minor under the age of eighteen” (2014) and the amends to it is an example. The conclusion is that the church legislator, who wants to be a good Shepherd of his Flock is to be knowledgeable about the state law and must be vigilant and constantly monitor the legislative work of the legislative state organs. The postulate in the matter can be formulated especially for the legislative body of the Episcopal Conference that is the Council for Legal Affairs. Mutatis mutandis the principles of the Church and state relations and consequences of the relations for legislation can be applied to different religious organizations or different states.
Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C with 1 genotype after liver transplantation
Authors: Tsiroulnikova O. M. , Umrik D. V. 
Published: September 2018

Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of liver transplantation in adults in developed countries. Unfortunately, the reinfection of the graft inevitably occurs in all patients with persistent replication of the virus. Against the background of the necessary immunosuppressive therapy, the progression of the disease accelerates, leading to rapid decompensation of the liver. Antiviral therapy significantly improves the results of transplantation, but the use of standard interferon-based regimens is associated with low efficacy (no more than 30% for the most common 1 genotype of the virus) and poor tolerance. The article describes new interferon- free oral regimens used to treat the recurrence of HCV infection of 1 genotype.
Influence of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to rat Langerhans islets viability during co-cultivation with microst ructured collagen‑containing hydrogel
Authors: Baranova N. V. , Kirsanova L. A. , Gonikova Z. Z. , Ponomareva A. S. , Sevastianov V. I. 
Published: September 2018

Aim. To research the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC BM) effect to the viability of isolated rat OL during cultivation with microstructured collagen-containing hydrogel (BMCH).Materials and methods. Rat islets and MSC BM were isolated according to classical technique with some modifications. The experiments on the co- cultivation were carried out under standard conditions. Islet’s viability was determined by immunofluorescence staining.Results. TheOL cultivation with BMCH and MSCBM resulted in destructive changes of isletson the third day, and complete destruction of OL was observed on the seventh day. At the same time, OL cultured with BMCH remained viable for 14 days of incubation.Conclusion. Cultivation of OL with BMCH and MSC BM did not contribute to the long-term survival of the islets. Thus, there was no positive effect of MSC BM on the viability of pancreatic islets.
Investigation of regenerative and tiss ue-specific activity of tot al RNA of bone marrow cells
Authors: Gonikova Z. Z. , Nikolskaya A. O. , Kirsanova L. A. , Shagidulin M. Yu. , Onishchenko N. A. , Sevastyanov V. I. 
Published: September 2018

Aim. To establish the ability of the total RNA extracted from the body’s bone marrow cells (BMCs), in which liver tissue was damaged, to serve as a carrier of targeted regenerative signals to this organ.Materials and methods. By method of adoptive transfer in rats (n = 37) the mitotic and proliferative activity of liver and kidney cells were studied in intact recipients after intraperitoneal injection: the mononuclear BMCs – 2,5×106; 5,0×106; 3,5×107 cells – group 1 and the total RNA of the same BMCs (30μg/100g of weight) – group 2 from donors in 12 hours after 70–75% of hepatectomy; in group 3 (control), a saline solution was injected. RNA from BMCs was extracted by the method developed by the «Evrogen» firm (Russia) with the reagent Extract RNA.Results. In group 2 in 48 and 72 h. there was the increasing of mitotic and proliferative cell activity in the liver, but not in the kidneys (control of the specificity of regenerative signals); in group 1 there was no transfer of regenerative signals to these organs.Conclusion. The authors believe that the total RNA from BMCs, activated by hepatectomy, accumulates targeted (hepatospecific) regeneration signals, but they are perceived only when RNA has been obtained by the damaged tissue.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Hayat Bilgisi Dersinde Kutlanan veya Anılan Belirli Gün ve Haftalara İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: KESKİN Hanife , KURU Gülşah 
Published: September 2018

Hayat
Bilgisi dersi programında insan; biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyal ve kültürel
yönleriyle bütün olarak ele alınır ve değişimin hem öznesi hem nesnesi kabul
edilir. Hayat Bilgisi dersi, yaşama paralel ve somut bir şekilde işlenen,
çocuğun gelişim özellikleri dikkate alınarak hazırlanmış, öğrencilerin iyi
birer vatandaş ve etkin bireyler olarak yetişmesini sağlayan bir öğretim
programıdır (Baysal, 2006). Bu araştırmanın amacı; sınıf öğretmenlerinin, hayat
bilgisi dersinde kutlanan/anılan belirli gün ve haftalara ilişkin görüşlerinin
belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışma nitel yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilmiş olup,
araştırmada olgu bilim deseni esas alınmıştır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşme yoluyla elde edilmiş olup verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi; amaçların
belirlenmesi, kavramların tanımlanması, analiz birimlerinin belirlenmesi,
konuyla ilgili verilerin yerinin belirlenmesi, mantıksal yapının geliştirilip
kodlama kategorilerinin belirlenmesi, sayma, yorumlama ve sonuçları yazma
aşamalarından oluşan bir süreçtir (Büyüköztürk, K. Çakmak, Akgün, Karadeniz ve
Demirel, 2017: 260). Araştırma sonucunda,
araştırmaya katılan 30 sınıf öğretmeninin de bazı belirli gün ve haftalara hiç
değinmediği, üzerinde durdukları belirli gün ve haftalarda ise; aynı
etkinlikleri yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların hepsinin bu derste
belirli gün ve haftalara değinilmesini gerekli gördüğü, yarısından fazlasının
ise; yaptıkları uygulamaları yetersiz buldukları tespit edilmiştir. Uygulamaları
yetersiz bulan ve bu ders ile belirli gün ve haftaların amaçlarının tam olarak
gerçekleşmediğini düşünen öğretmenler, bunun sebeplerini: Zaman kısıtlılığı,
programdaki kazanımların veriliş tarihi ile ona uygun olarak kutlanabilecek anılabilecek
belirli gün ve haftaların tarihlerinin uyuşmazlığı, öğrenci sayısının fazlalığı
ve okulların imkânlarının kısıtlılığı olarak belirtmişlerdir.
Metode JIGSAW dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V di MI Darut Taqwa
Authors: Sholeh Makherus 
Published: September 2018

Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode Jigsaw dapat memberi manfaat baik dari sisi siswa yang berperan dalam kelompok karena siswa belajar memecahkan masalah dengan musyawarah bukan sebagai individual serta menambahkan wawasan baru bagi siswa. Dengan diskusi jigsaw yang berpusat pada siswa pembelajaran terasa hidup dan berkualitas. Hasil penelitian: 1) Pembelajaran melalui metode diskusi teknik jigsaw pada pelajaran Matematika pada pokok bahasan operasi hitung bilangan bulat merupakan pengajaran berbasis latihan yang menggunakan soal-soal latihan sebagai suatu konteks bagi siswa untuk belajar tentang cara berpikir kritis dan keterampilan memecahkan masalah secara bersama-sama dan berbentuk penguatan, serta untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan konsep yang esensial dari materi pelajaran. Teknik jigsaw ini lebih menekankan keaktifan siswa di kelas dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga keberhasilan jigsaw tidak hanya pada hasil belajardari nilai ulangan, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan proses pembelajaran, 2) Metode diskusi teknik jigsaw sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan berlajar siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan tingkat keberhasilan belajar siswa yang cukup memuaskan yang dapat diketahui dari indikator keberhasilan yang berupa nilai hasil belajar siswa dan proses pembelajaran. Proses belajar sangat menentukan hasil belajar. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik pada pre-test adalah 57,8, pada tes akhir siklus pertama adalah 77,8, sedangkan pada tes akhir siklus kedua adalah 83,3. Nilai hasil belajar ini tingkat keberhasilanya berada pada criteria sangat baik. Sedangkan ketuntasan peserta didik pada pre-test adalah 36% , pada siklus 1 peserta didik tuntas adalah 67,8 dan siklus 2 adalah 78,5%