bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diets, fruit and vegetables consumption, and nutritional status in Benin: A scoping review
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Pather Kamara , Mitchodigni Irene M. , Hess Sonja Y. , Olney Deanna K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnhealthy diets, including low fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake, contribute to morbidity and mortality related to non‐communicable diseases. Designing culturally appropriate interventions to improve diets and F&V intake requires an in‐depth understanding of individual‐level dietary patterns, household consumption patterns, and nutritional status resulting from inadequate F&V intake. In this scoping review, we summarised the literature on diets, F&V intake, and nutritional status in Benin. We searched PubMed from 2012 to August 2024 to identify articles on diets and nutritional status, and from 2002 to August 2024 to identify articles on F&V intake. We included 36 articles on diets, 27 on F&V intake, and 16 on nutritional status. Existing literature demonstrated that Beninese diets are cereal‐based and monotonous, characterised by low diversity and low F&V intake across all population groups. Available evidence indicated a high burden of undernutrition in children <5 years of age, a rising prevalence of overnutrition in women of reproductive age, and a high prevalence of overnutrition in adults. Evidence on how diets and F&V intake vary by urban/rural location, season, and socioeconomic characteristics was limited and inconsistent. Two evaluations of garden irrigation programmes assessed impacts on women's dietary diversity and F&V consumption. Additional research is needed to improve our understanding of diets, F&V intake, and diet‐related nutritional challenges and how they evolve over time and across different population groups. Understanding these gaps can help identify entry points and targets for interventions to improve diet quality and F&V intake in Benin.
Individual‐Level Drivers of Food Choices and Diet Quality Among Adolescents in Urban West Africa: Evidence From Accra, Ghana
Authors: Klemm Janosch , Muli Samuel , Oluwagbemigun Kolade , Parlasca Martin , Crentsil Aba , Ogum Deda , Quartey Peter , Laar Amos , Lartey Anna , Borgemeister Christian , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDiet quality is influenced by multiple individual factors, but their relative strength and importance remain unclear. We investigate the associations between five domains of individual factors (economic, cognitive, aspirational, situational and consumer behaviour) and diet intake of adolescents in Accra, Ghana. A cross‐sectional survey among Junior High School (JHS) students (n = 409, mean age 14.3 years ± 1.28 (SD)) in Accra, Ghana, was conducted. Data on diet intake, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) and socioeconomic background characteristics were collected. Adjusting for other factors, students' total budget was positively associated with food group diversity (β = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.15) but inversely associated with diet quality (β = −0.07, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.03). Positive attitude towards nutrition and healthy eating was inversely associated with unfavourable diversity (β = −0.17, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.03). Differences between negative deviants relative to positive deviants were determined by attitude towards healthy eating (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% CI 0.17–0.99) and family practices (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.23–1.00). We provide evidence that higher food budgets were associated with higher diet diversity, but not with improved diet quality. Attitude, but not knowledge, was linked to better diet quality. Future studies should focus on the specific contribution of aspirational, situational and behavioural factors in directing increased diversity towards favourable eating habits.
The Israel‐Hamas War One Year Later: Mass Violence and Palestinian Dispossession
Authors: Samuel M.T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis essay analyzes the Israeli offensive in the Gaza Strip as it has unfolded in the year since Hamas's October 7, 2023, attacks. It first details the death and destruction Tel Aviv has wrought over that period, the predictions for mass casualties to come, and the state‐sanctioned violence and theft faced by Palestinians not just in Gaza but across the occupied territories and Israel. It then examines why Washington's support of Tel Aviv has remained steadfast despite domestic and international condemnation, arguing that President Joe Biden's Zionist ideology has played a decisive role. The article further shows that Israel's interest in the territorial dispossession of Palestinians under the cover of war has led its right‐wing government to thwart efforts at a ceasefire that would return the hostages still held by Hamas. The analysis concludes with a reflection on the antiwar protests that continue to roil US campuses as Donald Trump returns to power.
Hereditary angioedema in children: Review and practical perspective for clinical management
Authors: Pagnier Anne , Dermesropian Angelina , Kevorkian‐Verguet Charlotte , Bourgoin‐Heck Mélisande , Hoarau Cyrille , Reumaux Héloïse , Nugues Frédérique , Audouin‐Pajot Christine , Blanc Sibylle , Carbasse Aurélia , Jurquet Anne‐Laure , Voidey Mélanie , Villedieu Mona , Bouillet Laurence , Boccon‐Gibod Isabelle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) in children has specific features and requires multidisciplinary management.MethodsWe performed a literature search and underwent in‐depth discussions to provide practical tools for physicians.ResultsHAE is a rare, life‐threatening genetic disorder. Its epidemiology is poorly documented in children. Clinical manifestations usually appear during childhood or early adolescence. Classical signs, often preceded by prodromal symptoms, include transient, localized, non‐pitting, non‐pruritic swelling of deep dermal/subcutaneous or mucosal/submucosal tissues, leading to oedema of the extremities, face, lips, tongue, trunk and genitals, recurring gastrointestinal symptoms and laryngeal edema possibly causing asphyxiation and death. Diagnosis is often delayed due to low awareness in the medical community, and particularly challenging in case of isolated abdominal crises or atypical presentation and in neonates or infants. It relies on biological tests (measurement of serum/plasma levels of C1INH function, C1INH protein, and C4), genetic testing in selected cases, and imaging for differential diagnosis of acute abdominal crises. Main differential diagnosis for peripheral oedema is mast cell‐mediated oedema that accounts for 95% of angioedema in clinical practice. Quality of life can be significantly impaired. Disease management includes treatment of attacks, short‐term and long‐term prophylaxis, psychological support, avoidance of triggers, patients’ and parents’ education and coordination of all stakeholders, ideally within a specialized healthcare network. New plasma kallikrein inhibitors, namely lanadelumab (subcutaneous route) and berotralstat (oral route) have facilitated long‐term prophylaxis thanks to improved usability.ConclusionDiagnostic and treatment of HAE are particularly challenging in children and require specific management by multiple stakeholders.
Risk Factors of Hypothermia During Pediatric Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Warming Method
Authors: Ishihara Taiga , Baba Chiaki , Ishizaki Kaoru , Ninagawa Jun , Kasuya Shugo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntraoperative hypothermia often occurs in patients under general anesthesia, including liver transplantation (LT), leading to various life‐threatening conditions. This study aimed to evaluate factors causing hypothermia in patients undergoing pediatric LT.MethodsData were collected from patients undergoing LT who were warmed during surgery. The participants were divided into the hypothermia group, comprising patients with intraoperative hypothermia (< 35°C), and the normothermia group, comprising patients without hypothermia (≧ 35°C). These two groups were compared in terms of preoperative conditions (weight, height, Body mass index, age [months], and pediatric end‐stage liver disease score), intraoperative findings (surgical duration, graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio, cold ischemic time, warm ischemic time, length of the an‐hepatic period, volume of blood loss, and volume of blood transfusion), and postoperative findings (complications within 30 days, rejection within 30 days, and length of intensive care unit and hospital admission).ResultsThe hypothermia and normothermia groups differed in terms of age, weight, height, pediatric end‐stage liver disease score, graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio, volume of blood loss, volume of blood transfusion (red cell concentrate and fresh frozen plasma), the duration of intensive care unit admission, and rejection within 30 days (all p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, only the number of patients experiencing rejection was associated with intraoperative hypothermia (odds ratio = 32.553, 95%CI: 2.198–482.226, p = 0.011).ConclusionsRejection was particularly related to intraoperative hypothermia.
Perceptions and Experiences of Exercise Snacks Among Middle‐Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Du Yunfei , Peng Ruotong , Wan Xiao , Zhang Chi , Guo Yongzhen , Chang Jing , Feng Hui , Cao Zeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical inactivity in middle‐aged and older adults is a major health problem. Exercise snacks are an emerging form of physical activity characterized by shorter single bouts of high‐intensity exercise spread out repeatedly throughout the day which can provide more exercise opportunities for middle‐aged and older adults.PurposeTo summarize perceptions and experiences of exercise snacks among middle‐aged and older adults, and explore the barriers and facilitators of promoting exercise snacks.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA and systematically searched five databases from the earliest to May 2024. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool is used to quality assess and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model of Behavior (COM‐B model) is used to guide thematic synthesis.ResultsFourteen categories from nine studies were summarized, and 277 findings were identified. Three synthesized findings were: capability of middle‐aged and older adults (including health‐related exercise disorders, learning and mastery skills, and health literacy), opportunities for exercise snacks (including flexible and free, easy and quick, integration into life, social and family support, and application of mobile health technology), and motivation of exercise snacks (including pleasurable experiences, gaining physical and mental benefits, effective reminders, incentives and feedback, personalized needs, and self‐efficacy).ConclusionExercise snacks are a promising approach， however, they need to be continuously optimized. Our results can provide evidence for designing and optimizing exercise snack programs. Medical workers should assist middle‐aged and older adults in developing appropriate exercise snack strategies.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42024544089)
From pupil to performance: Exploring the role of tonic norepinephrine levels in response inhibition using pretrial pupil measures
Authors: Doekemeijer Roos A. , Cabooter Quinn , Wardhani Intan K. , Verbruggen Frederick , Boehler C. Nico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResponse inhibition is key to flexible behavior. Importantly, performance in any task, including response inhibition tasks, fluctuates on a moment‐to‐moment basis. Using pupillometry, we investigated the relationship between these behavioral fluctuations in response inhibition and naturally occurring fluctuations of norepinephrine (NE) levels in the brain before a given trial has even started. This was motivated by earlier pharmacological work suggesting a pivotal role of NE in response inhibition, in particular. We specifically used two pupillometry proxies for pretrial (tonic) NE levels, the absolute pretrial pupil size and its derivative, and investigated whether and to which degree they were related to response‐inhibition performance in a stop‐signal task. Specifically, we investigated the relationship to stopping success, and the speed of the go response (GoRT) and that of the stop response (SSRT). In two experiments, we showed that larger pretrial pupil measures predicted (1) lower stopping success, (2) faster GoRTs (particularly so when the go response needed to be executed in a stop context), and some evidence for (3) faster SSRTs. Taken together, our findings show a clear pattern that pretrial pupil measures predict behavioral fluctuations in response inhibition, which suggests that tonic levels of NE are involved in the regulation of these behavioral fluctuations. Yet, our work furthermore indicates that this involvement is not stopping‐specific, given its effect on both the go and the stop response.
A Numerical and Bi‐directional Study of the Blackstock and Diaz–Solovchuk–Sheu Models for Approximating the Euler System
Authors: Vasilyeva Anzhelika , Lambers James V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper is a revisitation of a prior analytical and numerical study of two competing finite‐amplitude models of one‐dimensional acoustic propagation in perfect gases, due to Blackstock and Diaz et al., through comparison with the Euler system specialized to this case. In this study, we consider alternative time‐stepping approaches, to validate the findings of the prior numerical study, and refined numerical boundary conditions. We also investigate whether the approximate models can be described as nearly equivalent to the Euler system with modified parameters, and the behavior of reflected waves produced by all three models.
Exploring the longitudinal associations among fear of negative evaluation, self‐disgust, and self‐injury in Chinese adolescents: Disentangling between‐ and within‐person associations
Authors: Zhang Jiajing , Chen Danrui , Ying Jiefeng , Shen Yunhong , Zhan Shiting , Zhong Rui , You Jianing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) are widespread mental health concerns among adolescents. As fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and self‐disgust are also common psychological phenomena among adolescents, existing research suggests that there may be reciprocal predictive relationships between FNE and NSSI/SI with self‐disgust playing a mediating role. This study aimed to investigate the reciprocal relationships between FNE and NSSI, as well as FNE and SI, and the mediating role of self‐disgust.MethodRandom intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) were employed. A total of 515 Chinese secondary school students (50.7% boys; baseline Mage = 12.31 years, SD = 0.81) completed self‐report questionnaires regarding FNE, self‐disgust, NSSI, and SI. The assessment was conducted in four waves, 6 months apart.ResultsThe results were as follows: (1) There were bidirectional relations between FNE and NSSI through self‐disgust. (2) There was a unidirectional association from FNE to SI via self‐disgust.ConclusionThese findings have expanded the theoretical understanding of adolescent NSSI and SI, and highlighted the importance of offering personalized psychological counseling and therapy services at the intrapersonal level for adolescents.
Incorporating the concept of overtransfusion into hemovigilance monitoring: An expert‐based definition and criteria from the International HIT‐OVER Forum
Authors: Fischer D. , Weigand M. A. , Moss R. , Veiras S. , Kübel B. , Garcia‐Erce J. A. , Zacharowski K. , Meybohm P. , Waters J. H. , Raasveld S. J. , Vlaar A. P. J. , Richards T. , Meier J. , Lasocki S. , Hofmann A. , Shander A. , von Heymann C. , Dietrich G. , Fries D. , Steinbicker A. U. , Rondinelli M. B. , Levy J. H. , Beck G. , Frietsch T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiberal or overtransfusion (OT) may be regarded as “inappropriate,” but it is not reported as a transfusion‐related adverse event. A definition of OT is lacking. OT may include overdosing of components, giving the incorrect component, or unnecessary administration without evidence of need for transfusion. OT can be associated with hypercoagulability, thrombosis, alloimmunization, increased mortality, longer hospital stay, increased infection rates, and adverse cardiocirculatory events.Study Design and MethodsIn 2023, an expert panel formed a hemovigilance international taskforce embedded in the German Interdisciplinary Taskforce for Clinical Hemotherapy (IAKH). The group was charged with proposing simple criteria to be used by hemovigilance systems to document instances of OT.ResultsThis international initiative combined a narrative review of the literature for the rate and outcomes of OT with transfusion error reports to propose a definition for OT, including a definition for transfusion‐induced hypercoagulopathy (TIH), three new codes for OT/TIH and subcodes A to G, three severity categories (serious adverse event, adverse event, near miss), and four incident codes (definite, probable, possible, not determinable). These codes can be used by hemovigilance systems to appropriately document instances of OT.ConclusionsGlobal adoption of these codes within hemovigilance systems would assist with the recognition and reporting of instances of OT, promote effective policies for adequate clinical administration techniques, and support technical guidelines for avoidance of OT. Thereby, incorporation of OT into hemovigilance strategies could support adequate use of blood products, increase patient safety, and facilitate blood supply and availability.
Cefiderocol pharmacokinetics during acute pulmonary exacerbations in hospitalized adult persons with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Koenig Christina , Monogue Marguerite L. , Shields Ryan K. , Sakon Colleen M. , Fratoni Andrew J. , Roenfanz Hanna F. , Finklea James D. , Pope James S. , Nicolau David P. , Kuti Joseph L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Persons with CF (pwCF) present altered pharmacokinetics (PK) and are often infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we describe the PK of cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin with potent activity against MDR Gram-negative rods, in hospitalized adult pwCF with acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE). PwCF received ≥3 doses of 2 g cefiderocol (3 h infusion) with frequency determined according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Blood sampling collected at steady state. Concentrations were fitted using the non-parametric adaptive grid algorithm in Pmetrics for R. Ten pwCF were enrolled; nine completed the study with six receiving 2 g q8 h and three 2 g q6 h. A two-compartment model best fitted the data. Mean (SD) PK parameters were clearance, 5.66 (1.28) L/h; volume of central compartment, 5.81 (3.52) L, and intercompartment transfer constants, k12, 4.29 (3.46) and k21, 2.25 (2.76) h
−1
. Protein binding was 48% (35–57). The 2 g q8 h regimen achieved a mean free time above the MIC (
f
T >MIC) of 99% (94–99), 90% (69–100), and 64% (41–81) at MICs of 4 (susceptible), 8 (intermediate), and 16 (resistant) mg/L, respectively, with AUC
24h
of 1,191 (781–1,496) mg/L*h. In pwCF with eGFR >120 mL/min, 2 g q6 h attained 100%
f
T >MIC up to 8 mg/L and 87% (83–92) at 16 mg/L, with AUC
24h
of 1,279 (1,054–1,590) mg/L*h. Among these nine pwCF with APE with normal or augmented renal clearance, cefiderocol using label prescribed dosing regimens according to eGFR was well tolerated and achieved optimal
f
T >MIC exposure for pathogens up to MICs of 8 mg/L and AUC
24h
estimates similar to previously reported estimates in non-CF patients.
Characterizing full-time, non-tenure-track teaching faculty in biology
Authors: Forsythe Desiree , Hsu Jeremy L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Institutions of higher education play a major role in teaching undergraduate students. Historically, most courses have been taught by tenure-track (TT) faculty who may also be responsible for research or scholarly activities. However, a recent shift from “teaching-intensive” TT faculty to “teaching-only” contingent faculty off the tenure track has highlighted the importance of understanding the experiences of contingent faculty. While there have been an increasing number of studies examining the experiences of part-time contingent faculty, few studies have directly surveyed the increasing number of full-time, non-tenure-track (NTT) teaching faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to capture their experiences, nor are we aware of any study that has examined the roles of NTT teaching faculty within one discipline to examine any potential disciplinary differences that may arise across STEM fields. Here, we focus on the experiences of full-time, non-tenure-track faculty in biology whose primary responsibility is teaching. We conducted a random stratified sampling of institutions using the Carnegie classifications to identify potential full-time NTT teaching faculty at over 10% of all institutions in the United States. Our results from surveying these faculty found both positive and negative themes, including (i) NTT teaching faculty being less diverse than the STEM professoriate at large; (ii) NTT teaching faculty reporting mixed feelings on institutional support, identifying a range of opportunities to better support NTT teaching faculty; (iii) NTT teaching faculty often having limited participation in voting for department and institutional matters and reporting mixed feelings of belonging and value; and (iv) NTT teaching faculty having high amounts of autonomy over their teaching but still struggling in key areas. We end with specific implications and recommendations for our field to better support NTT teaching faculty in biology.
Attention and Multi-Scale Fusion for Shadow Removal of Embedded Basketball Players
Authors: Li Zhou 
Published: December 2024

Player shadows in basketball games show complexity and diversity due to various factors such as lighting conditions, player movements, camera positions, etc. In the shadow removal task, the attention mechanism aids the model in focusing on the key areas in the image, that is, the players themselves and the shadows around them, and may ignore some details, resulting in poor effects in the shadow removal of embedded basketball game players. To this end, a shadow removal method for embedded basketball game players with design attention and multi-scale fusion is proposed. By extracting the texture of the shadow image area of the local embedded basketball player, setting the gray value threshold of the center point of the image area window, obtaining the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) code of the local texture feature structure of the image, scanning the LBP code of the shadow image of the embedded basketball player, and obtaining the final characteristic parameters of the shadow image of the embedded basketball player, the pixels of the shadow image of the embedded basketball player are balanced and adjusted, and the size of the image is determined by the slope of the transformation function, and the shadow image of the embedded basketball player is within the normal proportion range. The consistency of multi-scale detail pixels is adjusted to achieve pixel segmentation of shadow images of embedded basketball players. Analyzing the basic principles of the attention mechanism, the shadow images of embedded basketball players are collected for key-value pairs to represent action information, and a key-value set is set. Encoding is carried out by the encoder in the attention mechanism, and the dependence of the foul action after encoding is calculated and decoded to determine the shadow image of the embedded basketball player to achieve shadow recognition by obtaining the shadow pixel point chromaticity space of the embedded basketball player color vector value, we determine the chromaticity similarity difference, compare the chromaticity similarity difference with the threshold, design a multi-scale fusion embedded basketball player shadow removal model, and implement the research. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively remove the shadow of embedded basketball players.