bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleichende Studien verschiedener Methoden zur Bestimmung von r-Hirudin in vitro
Authors: Hoppensteadt Debra , Koza M. , Pifarre R. , Fareed J. , Walenga Jeanine 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungZur Bestimmung von rekombinantem (r-)Hirudin stehen auf der Gerinnselbildung beruhende, amidolytische, immunologische und physikochemische Techniken zur Verfügung. Die globalen Tests wie PTZ, aPTT und Heptest reagieren nicht ausreichend auf r-Hirudin in dem Bereich von 0,5 bis 10,0 μg/ml, in dem volle Antikoagulation erreicht wird, wie dies aus Thrombosemodellen im Tierversuch hervorgeht. Der Thrombinzeittest mit 10 E/ml war sehr empfindlich auf r-Hirudin, die Kalzium-Thrombin-Gerinnungszeitmit 10 E/ml reagierte dosisabhängig in einem Bereich von 0,15 bis 10,0 μg/ml. Vollblutgerinnungstests wie ACT und Thrombelastographie messen den r-Hirudinspiegel bis 25 μg/ml effektiv. Der amidolytische Anti-Faktor-IIa-Test, spezifisch für die Beurteilung der direkten Thrombinhemmung, war besonders dann sehr effektiv, wenn das Probenvolumen im Verhältnis zur Thrombinkonzentration zur Bestimmung höherer r-Hirudinkonzentrationen vermindert wurde. Dieser Test könnte für die Qualitätskontrolle geeignet sein, da er biochemisch definiert ist und die Reagenzien leicht standardisiert werden können. Thrombinbildungstests auf der Basis synthetischer Substrate zeigten eine nur geringe Wirkung von r-Hirudin; hingegen wiesen Tests, die auf der Bildung von Thrombin-Antithrombin-Komplexen und auf der Bildung von Prothrombinfragment F1+2 beruhen, eine dosisabhängige Reaktion auf. Immunologische Methoden (ELISA) sind in der Entwicklung. Da diese Tests sowohl das gebundene als auch das freie r-Hirudin bestimmen und da sie bereits auf Submikrogrammspiegel empfindlich sind, dürften sie nur für die direkte Bestimmung der absoluten r-Hirudinspiegel, nicht aber für die Überwachung der klinischen Antikoagulation geeignet sein.
A critical literacy proposal for exploring conflict and immigrant identities in the classroom
Authors: Archakis Argiris , Tsakona Villy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper we intend to show that conflict emerging from multiple and competing perspectives on social reality, may not necessarily be avoided in class, but it could instead become the starting point of critical discussions among teachers and students. To this end, we focus on the exploitation of essays written by immigrant students attending Greek Lyceums (15–18 years old) to promote conflict-dialogue processes in class, which are most compatible with critical literacy. We suggest that language teaching concentrating on texts including immigrant experiences and ambivalent identities constructed by immigrant students, could underline the conflict between majority expectations or pressures and minority efforts to adjust to a complex, often inhospitable context. Such a conflict could enhance immigrant and non-immigrant students’ critical literacy by bringing to the surface and critically discussing assimilationist and monoculturalist ideologies, thus promoting a culturally sustaining pedagogy.
Uncivil Twitter
Authors: Terkourafi Marina , Catedral Lydia , Haider Iftikhar , Karimzad Farzad , Melgares Jeriel , Mostacero-Pinilla Cristina , Nelson Julie , Weissman Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing four tweets by Steven Salaita about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that resulted in the retraction of his academic job offer in September 2014 as our case study, we investigate the role of Twitter in the shaping and reception of the controversial messages. Our analysis combines Gricean pragmatics with im/politeness and hate-speech research to reveal a complex layering of potential meanings stemming from what is linguistically encoded in each tweet. Their construal as hate speech, in particular, depends on which of these potential meanings critics chose to focus upon. We account for this finding by considering the diversity of potential audiences of a tweet and suggest that the effects of context collapse on implicated meanings can be especially detrimental. Competition for attention among incoming tweets, Twitter’s central affiliative function and applicable length restrictions can, nevertheless, place a premium on communicating such meanings.
Swearing, moral order, and online communication
Authors: Jay Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper addresses problems with swearing on the internet. The opening section of the paper defines swearing (uttering offensive emotional speech) as a ubiquitous form of impolite human behavior. Swearing can occur wherever humans communicate with each other and that it appears in computer-mediated communication (CMC) is not surprising. The second section documents how swearwords appear in email, blogs, Twitter, MySpace, Facebook, and YouTube and in other practices and sites (trolling, 4chan). Swearword use is situated in the context of emerging research on impoliteness and moral order (politeness norms and standards that govern internet behavior). Online swearword use is a function of moral order, as well as users’ interpersonal characteristics such as age (younger more likely than older users), gender (men more likely than women), the time of day (later in the day and evening), and a website’s social composition (adversarial and male dominated more than homogeneous friendly sites). The paper concludes with suggestions for dealing with internet swearword use where regulation is desirable and feasible. Websites and communities should develop moral order norms that at a minimum restrict illegal forms of speech (e.g., credible threats of violence, workplace sexual harassment).
Theoretically onMock Politeness in English and Italian
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis essay offers insights into the problematic notions of irony, sarcasm and mock politeness, inspired by Charlotte Taylor’s recent monographMock Politeness in English and Italian. A Corpus-Assisted Metalanguage Analysis. Different understandings of the concept of mock politeness, as well as sarcasm and irony, are succinctly depicted. Some explanation is also provided for the contradictory findings reported in previous scholarship with regard to the im/politeness effects of irony. Additionally, this paper revisits Taylor’s select conclusions about the use of the first-order labels that she considers pertinent to mock politeness (i.e. labels used by lay language users).
Evaluation of EELS spectrum imaging data by spectral components and factors from multivariate analysis
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Multivariate analysis is a powerful tool to process spectrum imaging datasets of electron energy loss spectroscopy. Most spatial variance of the datasets can be explained by a limited numbers of components. We explore such dimension reduction to facilitate quantitative analyses of spectrum imaging data, supervising the spectral components instead of spectra at individual pixels. In this study, we use non-negative matrix factorization to decompose datasets from Fe2O3 thin films with different Sn doping profiles on SnO2 and Si substrates. Case studies are presented to analyse spectral features including background models, signal integrals, peak positions and widths. Matlab codes are written to guide microscopists to perform these data analyses.
Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour
Authors: Pinter-Wollman Noa , Penn Alan , Theraulaz Guy , Fiore Stephen M. 
Published: July 2018

Built structures, such as animal nests or buildings that humans occupy, serve two overarching purposes: shelter and a space where individuals interact. The former has dominated much of the discussion in the literature. But, as the study of collective behaviour expands, it is time to elucidate the role of the built environment in shaping collective outcomes. Collective behaviour in social animals emerges from interactions, and collective cognition in humans emerges from communication and coordination. These collective actions have vast economic implications in human societies and critical fitness consequences in animal systems. Despite the obvious influence of space on interactions, because spatial proximity is necessary for an interaction to occur, spatial constraints are rarely considered in studies of collective behaviour or collective cognition. An interdisciplinary exchange between behavioural ecologists, evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists, social scientists, architects and engineers can facilitate a productive exchange of ideas, methods and theory that could lead us to uncover unifying principles and novel research approaches and questions in studies of animal and human collective behaviour. This article, along with those in this theme issue aims to formalize and catalyse this interdisciplinary exchange.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.
Whole genome scan reveals the multigenic basis of recent tidal marsh adaptation in a sparrow
Authors: Deane-Coe P. , Butcher B. G. , Greenberg R. , Lovette I. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNatural selection acts on functional molecular variation to create local adaptation, the “good fit” we observe between an organism’s phenotype and its environment. Genomic comparisons of lineages in the earliest stages of adaptive divergence have high power to reveal genes under natural selection because molecular signatures of selection on functional loci are maximally detectable when overall genomic divergence is low. We conducted a scan for local adaptation genes in the North American swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana), a species that includes geographically connected populations that are differentially adapted to freshwater vs. brackish tidal marshes. The brackish tidal marsh form has rapidly evolved tolerance for salinity, a deeper bill, and darker plumage since colonizing coastal habitats within the last 15,000 years. Despite their phenotypic differences, background genomic divergence between these populations is very low, rendering signatures of natural selection associated with this recent coastal adaptation highly detectable. We recovered a multigenic snapshot of ecological selection via a whole genome scan that revealed robust signatures of selection at 31 genes with functional connections to bill shape, plumage melanism and salt tolerance. As in Darwin’s finches, BMP signaling appears responsible for changes in bill depth, a putative magic trait for ecological speciation. A signal of selection at BNC2, a melanocyte transcription factor responsible for human skin color saturation, implicates a shared genetic mechanism for sparrow plumage color and human skin tone. Genes for salinity tolerance constituted the majority of adaptive candidates identified in this genome scan (23/31) and included vasoconstriction hormones that can flexibly modify osmotic balance in tune with the tidal cycle by influencing both drinking behavior and kidney physiology. Other salt tolerance genes had potential pleiotropic effects on bill depth and melanism (6/31), offering a mechanistic explanation for why these traits have evolved together in coastal swamp sparrows, and in other organisms that have converged on the same “salt marsh syndrome”. As a set, these candidates capture the suite of physiological changes that coastal swamp sparrows have evolved in response to selection pressures exerted by a novel and challenging habitat.
A new counter-intuitive therapy for adult amblyopia
Authors: Claudia Lunghi , Tindara Sframeli Angela , Antonio Lepri , Martina Lepri , Domenico Lisi , Alessandro Sale , Concetta Morrone Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVisual cortex plasticity is high during a critical period of early postnatal development, but rapidly diminishes with the transition to adulthood. Accordingly, visual disorders such as amblyopia (lazy eye), can be treated early in life by long-term occlusion of the non-amblyopic eye, but may become irreversible in adults, because of the decline in brain plasticity. Here we show that a novel counter-intuitive approach can promote the recovery of visual function in adult amblyopic patients: short-term occlusion of the amblyopic (not the fellow) eye, combined with physical exercise (cycling). After six brief (2h) training sessions, visual acuity improved in all ten patients (0.15±0.02 LogMar), and six of them also recovered stereopsis. The improvement was preserved for up to one year after training. A control experiment revealed that physical activity was crucial for the recovery of visual acuity and stereopsis. Thus, we propose a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for adult human amblyopia based an inverse-occlusion and physical exercise procedure.
Object field of organizational culture: methodological conceptualization
Authors: Shymko Vitalii 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a system view of the organizational culture, given entropy of theoretical and methodological outlooks on the phenomenon alongside simultaneous growth of number of research reports.

Design/methodology/approach
Sequential structural and ontological analysis of the Schein’s (2004) point of view on organization culture enabled to form a way of system comprehension of the respective object field on conscious and unconscious levels.

Findings
Structural ontology of organizational culture is represented by the mythopoetic concept of organization, which is a composition of unconscious motives reflecting standard and management peculiarities of functioning characteristic of a certain group.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed methodological discourse actualizes a hypothesis on organizational unconscious as a specific factor of organizational culture and begets a respective direction of the further research studies.

Originality/value
This is the first methodological concept that provides a system comprehension of the object field of organizational culture. The concept has important implications for methodological designs of further research studies and systematization of already obtained data within the domain.
Aligning business process maturity level with SMEs growth in Indonesian fashion industry
Authors: Andriani Made , Samadhi T.M.A. Ari , Siswanto Joko , Suryadi Kadarsah 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This study aims to develop a business process maturity model, especially on operation processes, based on the characteristics of each organisational growth stage, to increase small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth. With this information, SMEs can identify their needs and priorities for business process improvement based on the characteristics that are inherent in the organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model was developed by reviewing the literature on previous studies related to the organisational life cycle and its characteristics, as well as a business process maturity model. Furthermore, historical case studies were conducted to validate the proposed model. Case study objects in this research were fashion industry companies that have grown from an SME scale to national level.

Findings
The results of this research indicate that the characteristics of each growth stage are different, which led to increased complexity and maturity of business processes run. Therefore, SMEs should pay attention to their growth stages, as a basis to improve their business process maturity, especially on the critical processes, which are evaluate products performance, design products and services and monitor sales. Through this model, SMEs can determine the business’ current growth stage and use the proposed model as guidance for business process improvement to accelerate organisational growth.

Research limitations/implications
Validation of the proposed model was done by conducting a historical case study. To generalise the model, it is recommended to survey similar industry and test quantitatively using statistical methods. However, further research can be used in other industries that might yield different results. Besides, this research can also be developed in the supporting process categories.

Practical implications
This study provides a practical guide for SMEs to identify their current growth stage, and implement the measurement of business process maturity level. Maturity level standard at every growth stage can be used in determining the priority of business process improvement to drive organisational growth.

Originality/value
Through this research, the BPMM method was developed to enable SMEs to implement a self-evaluation process without seeking external assistance and assess their needs through a clear and understandable scale allowing for further development of the business. By using this method, SMEs can manage their business processes maturity level to encourage its growth.
Organizational political climate and employee engagement in political behavior in public sector organizations
Authors: Kidron Aviv , Vinarski Peretz Hedva 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to understand how the organizational political climate as a contextual antecedent contributes to individual engagement in political behavior; and the moderating role of organizational commitment and trust in local government organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods integration and an explanatory-sequential mixed methods design were used. Data were collected from 217 managers and employees, and 16 interviews were conducted. Data were collected in sequence, and the quantitative results were explained by the qualitative data.

Findings
The results suggest that political climate is related to political behavior and that both trust and affective commitment are negatively related to political climate. Trust moderated between political climate and political behavior. However, affective commitment moderated by the political climate and political behavior only for women. The qualitative results suggest that men perceive organizational politics as having more positive outcomes than women.

Practical implications
Human resource practitioners and managers can use this model to gain insights into their organizational political climate and to implement practices that will foster a climate that is functional and positive and which will cultivate a positive subjective experience in the workplace for their employees.

Originality/value
The mixed methods design for studying the contextual-organizational antecedent (perception of political climate) for politicking and individual engagement in political behavior may serve to expand the theory of organizational politics.
Testing the self-selection theory in high corruption environments: evidence from African SMEs
Authors: Gomes Emanuel , Vendrell-Herrero Ferran , Mellahi Kamel , Angwin Duncan , Sousa Carlos M.P. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeWhilst substantial evidence from low-corruption, developed market environments supports the view that more productive firms are more likely to export, there has been little research into analysing the link between productivity and exports in high corruption, developing market environments. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to test the premise of self-selection theory whether the association between productivity and export is maintained in high-corruption environments, and second to identify other variables explaining export activity in high-corruption contexts, including cluster networks and firms’ competences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on the World Bank Enterprise survey to undertake a cross-section analysis including 1,233 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in nine African countries. The advantage of this database is that it contains information about the level of perceived corruption at firm level. Logistic regressions are performed for the full sample and for subsamples of firms in high- and low-corruption environments.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that the self-selection theory only applies to low-corruption environments, whereas in high-corruption environments, alternative factors such as cluster networks and outward-looking competences (OLC) exert a stronger influence on the exporting activity of African SMEs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the theory as it provides evidence that contradicts the validity of self-selection theory in high-corruption environments. The findings would benefit from further longitudinal investigation.Practical implicationsAfrican SMEs need to consider cluster networks and OLC as important strategic factors that might enhance their international competitiveness.Originality/valueThe criticism of the self-selection theory is distinctive in the literature and has important implications for future research. The authors show that the contextualisation of existing theories matters and this opens a research avenue for further more sensitive contextualisation of existing theories in developing economies.
Students’ perceptions of changes to the learning environments of undergraduate physics laboratories
Authors: Thomas Gregory , Meldrum Al 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore students’ perceptions to changes to the learning environment of their undergraduate physics laboratories, in which their scientific inquiry processes were stimulated.

Design/methodology/approach
The activities students engaged in were redesigned to reflect a guided inquiry approach and to acknowledge modern-day advances in science and technology. Further, enhanced guidance was provided for laboratory instructors regarding the nature of scientific inquiry and how to structure students’ inquiry experiences during laboratory sessions. Students’ views were sought regarding their perceptions of the impact of the reforms on the laboratory learning environments, their thinking processes in those environments and their views regarding the reform’s value and appropriateness.

Findings
Analyses of quantitative and qualitative data suggested that students responded positively to the reforms implemented. Large effect sizes of between 0.70 and 1.20 suggested significant positive shifts in students’ perceptions of dimensions of their laboratory learning environments. In interviews, students expressed that they had engaged in the cognitive processes of scientific inquiry and suggested that the reforms had stimulated such “inquiry” thinking. However, their perceptions of the value and appropriateness of such inquiry-oriented laboratory learning environments were mixed.

Originality/value
Concerns persist in higher education in relation to the extent of students’ inquiry processes in undergraduate physics laboratories. Reforms to both the activities that students engage in and to instructional strategies are necessary. Raising awareness of the views expressed by students might help inform future reforms that accommodate those views to further enhance similar reforms.