bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measured With Orbscan and Pentacam
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Lanza Michele , Borrelli Maria , Polito Biagio , Filosa Maria Luisa , De Bernardo Maddalena 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare central corneal thickness measurements obtained with Orbscan Il using the acoustic equivalent correction factor (CF) and Pentacam in eyes screened for refractive surgery.
METHODS: Central corneal thickness in 91 eyes of 51 volunteers with a spherical equivalent refraction ranging from -17.00 to +5.50 diopters (D) (mean: -3. 75 ±4. 19 D) was measured with both Orbscan Il (CF) and Pentacam prior to refractive surgery.
RESULTS: Central corneal thickness measurements ranged from 438 to 610 µm with Orbscan Il (CF) and from 472 to 634 µm with Pentacam. The differences between Pentacam and Orbscan Il (CF) measurements ranged from -43 to +52 µm(mean: -13.98?14.79µm); these differences were statistically significant (P<.0001). No correlation was found between the difference in central corneal thickness and refractive error.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest measurements obtained with the Orbscan Il (CF) are thinner than those obtained with the Pentacam. Further studies are needed to determine which instrument is more accurate in measuring central corneal thickness. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:895-899.]
Bilateral Keratectasia After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Navas Alejandro , Ariza Enrique , Haber Alberto , Fermón Salomón , Velázquez Roberto , Suárez Raül 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the clinical features, management, and outcome of a patient who developed bilateral ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Case report of a 35-year-old man who underwent bilateral PRK. Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. The patient's history was unremarkable and he denied a family history of ocular disorders.
RESULTS: Two weeks after surgery, the patient presented with loss of visual acuity in both eyes. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Objective refraction could not be obtained. Slit-lamp microscopy showed corneal thinning in both eyes. After examining the patient's family, his sister was found to have clinical and topographic keratoconus.
CONCLUSIONS: Ectasia is a rare complication of PRK. We report the occurrence of bilateral ectasia after PRK in a patient with asymmetric bowtie topographies. We recommend that refractive surgery, even surface techniques such as PRK, be avoided in patients with a family history of keratoconus. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:941-943.]
On-eye Performance of Custom Wavefront-guided Soft Contact Lenses in a Habitual Soft Lens-wearing Keratoconic Patient
Authors: Marsack Jason D , Parker Katrina E , Niu Yafei , Pesudovs Konrad , Applegate Raymond A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess visual, optical, and fitting characteristics for wavefront-guided soft contact lenses produced for one habitual soft lens-wearing moderate keratoconic eye.
METHODS: A process for production and evaluation of custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses was developed. Wavefront aberrations were quantified with the COAS-HD wavefront sensor (Wavefront Sciences); soft contact lenses containing both high and low order aberrations were designed with custom software and produced using an ophthalmic lens lathe. Photopic high and low contrast logMAR visual acuity were recorded with the lens in place over an artificial 5-mm pupil and residual 2nd to 10th order root-mean-square (RMS) aberrations were analyzed overa 5-mm pupil. Comparisons were made to the eye's habitual to rie soft contact lens using t tests.
RESULTS: Photopic high contrast values for habitual and final custom contact lenses for a 5-mm pupil were 0.07?0.06 and -0.08?0.05, respectively. Photopic low contrast values were 0.73?0.06 and 0.62?0.07, respectively. Habitual and final custom correction low order RMS over a 5-mm pupil were 2.08 and 0.34 ???, and high order RMS levels were 0.77 and 0.39 ??t?, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The final custom contact lens showed 1.5 lines of improvement for photopic high contrast (P=. 03) and 1 line for photopic low contrast (P=. 11) over a 5-mm pupil compared to habitual correction. Low and high order aberrations were reduced by 84% and 50% over a 5-mm pupil, respectively. Further improvements in performance of custom lenses may be achieved with further wavefront iterations. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:960-964.]
Objective Assessment of the Quality of Vision Before and After Repositioning of a Dislocated Iris-fixated Aphakic Anterior Chamber Lens
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Hoang-Xuan Thanh 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To document severe visual symptoms due to the dislocation of an iris-fixated aphakic anterior chamber lens using wavefront aberrometry.
METHODS: A patient complaining of severe visual blur and distortion due to a decentered Artisan iris-fixated anterior chamber lens was evaluated pre- and postoperatively after recentration. The patient underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation including the measurement of corneal topography and wavefront aberrations using the NIDEK OPD-Scan. OPD Station software was used to correlate and simulate the patient's symptoms.
RESULTS: After the repositioning procedure, the visual symptoms resolved, and high magnitudes of tilt (7.536 µm) and high order aberrations (5.129 µm) were dramatically reduced by simple lens repositioning (4.40-mm pupil). The cylinder magnitude was reduced from 6.25 to 0.75 diopters.
CONCLUSIONS: These are the first diagnostic images of this kind in a highly aberrated eye with iris-fixated anterior chamber lens dislocation. The images documented the optical effect and visual consequences of IOL decentration and subsequent recentration. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1005-S1010.]
Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Cheng Lung-Feng , Tseng Shih-Che , Yu Chia-Cheng , Lin Jen-Tai , Tsai Jeng-Yu , Chen I-Hsuan , Chen Yin-Shen 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. There is no large-scale study in Taiwan at present. Our retrospective analysis was focused on clinical characteristics of Taiwanese patients with pheochromocytoma.

Method:
We retrospectively reviewed 48 patients who were pathologically proved as pheochromocytoma at the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital between Jan. 1990 and Jan. 2014. Parameters including patient and tumor characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment and long-term followup results were collected from the medical records. Metastasis was confirmed by pathologic proof using surgical removal or percutaneous biopsy.

Result:
Thirty-one patients (64.5%) had adrenal and 17 (35.4%) had extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. The locations of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma included the retroperitoneum in 6 patients (35%), head and neck in 4 (23%), scrotum in 2 (12%), urinary bladder in 2 patients (12%), multiple organs in 2 (12%), and mediastinum in 1 (6%). The most common symptom was sustained hypertension (52%). Five patients were diagnosed as malignant pheochromocytoma due to pathologically proved metastasis.

Conclusion:
Pheochromocytomas are rare neuro-endocrine tumors with a highly variable clinical presentation. Prompt surgical removal of pheochromocytoma ensures a better prognosis. Radical surgical removal of tumor with vigorous control of blood pressure is the mainstay to improve symptoms and survival for malignant pheochromocytoma. Multi-center and large-scale studies were warranted and Lifelong followup is strongly recommended for all patients with pheochromocytoma.
VO<sub>2</sub>max is uncorrelated with the <i>PRKAA2</i> gene methylation, but influences the glucose-insulin correlation
Authors: Vulczak Anderson , Queiroga Marcos R. , Carraro Emerson , Wang Lin-Hui T. , Lima Paula H.O. , Santos Jéssica C. Dos , Pereira-Da-Silva Gabriela , Hirata Mario H. , Romano Marco A. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeCardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO<sub>2</sub>max]) is linked with health indicators and the α2 subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα2), encoded by the <I>PRKAA2</I> gene, is an important metabolic sensor and can mediate part of exercise effect. It has been proposed that changes in the metabolic process bound with exercise might occur through epigenetic regulations. However, how VO<sub>2</sub>max can influence the epigenetic mechanism and consequently health is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the <I>PRKAA2</I> gene methylation profile and its relation to metabolic variables in normoglycemic monozygotic twins discordant for VO<sub>2</sub>max.MethodsNine pairs of monozygotic twins were studied, with the intra-pair VO<sub>2</sub>max difference >10 ml • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup>. An oral glucose tolerance test was used, and blood samples were collected for biochemical and DNA methylation analyses.ResultsNo DNA methylation differences were observed between the groups. The low-cardiorespiratory-fitness group demonstrated a positive correlation between the methylation profile and low-density lipoprotein (CpG1, r = 0.714) and total cholesterol (CpG1, r = 0.723; CpG3, r = 0.678). Only the high-cardiorespiratory-fitness group showed correlations between glucose and insulin variables.ConclusionsOur data suggest a link between high cardiorespiratory fitness and glucose-insulin correlation. The results provide important insights for future studies about the mechanisms through which VO<sub>2</sub>max can influence glucose metabolism.
One Small World: On Writing Independent History
Authors: Castrique Sue 
Published: January 2019

One Small World: the history of the Addison Road Community Centre was independently written and funded through a series of grants. While conceived as a history of place, it is also a history of the organisation that presently occupies the site, the Addison Road Community Centre (ARCCO). The Centre has had an ambivalent relationship to its past. After 60 years as an army depot, in 1976 it became a community centre. The strict discipline of the army was replaced by a very different ethos and political outlook; in fact, its antithesis. As a consequence, the Centre had an uneasy relationship to the history of the site, particularly its army past, which was underappreciated and little valued. ARCCO has recently re-engaged with its public history, but in the process it veered off into mythology. The paper explores the ANZAAC Centenary celebration at Addison Road of horses in war in 2015, and the part funding played in creating myth rather than history. It then considers the role of the Department of Urban and Regional Development in the creation of the Centre in 1975-76 and ARCCO’s attachment to its story of radical origins.
KEYWORDSAddison Road Community Centre; Department of Urban and Regional Development; ANZAC Centenary; army; Marrickville; multiculturalism
Decoupling Theranostics with Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Skripka Artiom , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Jarockyte Greta , Marin Riccardo , Tam Vivienne , Cerruti Marta , Rotomskis Ricardas , Vetrone Fiorenzo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheranostic nanoagents targeted for personalized medicine provide a unified platform for therapeutics and diagnostics. To be able to discretely control each individually, allows for safer, more precise, and truly multifunctional theranostics. Rare earth doped nanoparticles can be rationally tailored to best match this condition with the aid of core/shell engineering. In such nanoparticles, the light‐mediated theranostic approach is functionally decoupled—therapeutics or diagnostics are prompted on‐demand, by wavelength‐specific excitation. These decoupled rare earth nanoparticles (dNPs) operate entirely under near‐infrared (NIR) excitation, for minimized light interference with the target and extended tissue depth action. Under heating‐free 806 nm irradiation, dNPs behave solely as high‐contrast NIR‐to‐NIR optical markers and nanothermometers, visualizing and probing the area of interest without prompting the therapeutic effect beforehand. On the contrary, 980 nm NIR irradiation is upconverted by the dNPs to UV/visible light, which triggers secondary photochemical processes, e.g., generation of reactive oxygen species by photosensitizers coupled to the dNPs, causing damage to cancer cells. Additionally, integration of NIR nanothermometry helps to control the temperature in the vicinity of the dNPs avoiding possible overheating and quenching of upconversion (UC) emission, harnessed for photodynamic therapy. Overall, a new direction is outlined in the development of state‐of‐the‐art rare earth based theranostic nanoplatforms.
Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage Density in Antiferroelectric Ceramics with Field‐Induced Multiphase Transitions
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Liu Yucheng , Yang Tongqing , Zhang Shujun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe excellent energy‐storage performance of ceramic capacitors, such as high‐power density, fast discharge speed, and the ability to operate over a broad temperature range, gives rise to their wide applications in different energy‐storage devices. In this work, the (Pb0.98La0.02)(Zr0.55Sn0.45)0.995O3 (PLZS) antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are prepared via a unique rolling machine approach. The field‐induced multiphase transitions are observed in polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops. All the PLZS AFE ceramics possess high energy‐storage densities and discharge efficiency (above 80%) with different sintering temperatures. Of particular significance is that an ultrahigh recoverable energy‐storage density of 10.4 J cm‐3 and a high discharge efficiency of 87% are achieved at 40 kV mm‐1 for PLZS ceramic with a thickness of 0.11 mm, sintered at 1175 °C, which are by far the highest values ever reported in bulk ceramics. Moreover, the corresponding ceramics exhibit a superior discharge current density of 1640 A cm‐2 and ultrafast discharge speed (75 ns discharge period). This great improvement in energy‐storage performance is expected to expand the practical applications of dielectric ceramics in numerous electronic devices.
Ohmic Contact in 2D Semiconductors via the Formation of a Benzyl Viologen Interlayer
Authors: Yue Dewu , Kim Changsik , Lee Kwang Young , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of a polymeric Ohmic contact interlayer between a metal and a 2D material using solution‐processed benzyl viologen (BV) is reported here. Predoping of the polymer alters the contact surface to obtain electron‐doped materials with ultrahigh work functions that significantly enhance the current density across the contact and reduce the contact resistance and Schottky barrier height. The fabrication of solution‐processed polymeric contacts for the preparation of high mobility MoS2, WSe2, MoTe2, and BP (black phosphorous) FETs with significantly lowered contact resistance is demonstrated. Ohmic contacts are achieved and produce 3‐, 700‐, 3000‐, and 17‐fold increases in electron mobilities, respectively, when the bottom gate voltage is 10 V compared to those respective materials alone. Ambipolar and p‐type 2D material based FETs could, therefore, be transformed into n‐type FETs. Most importantly, the devices exhibit excellent stability in both ambient and vacuum.
MoSx@NiO Composite Nanostructures: An Advanced Nonprecious Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Tahira Aneela , Tang PengYi , Liu Xianjie , Morante Joan Ramon , Fahlman Mats , Arbiol Jordi , Vagin Mikhail , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe design of the earth‐abundant, nonprecious, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media is a hot research topic in the field of renewable energies. A heterostructured system composed of MoSx deposited on NiO nanostructures (MoSx@NiO) as a robust catalyst for water splitting is proposed here. NiO nanosponges are applied as cocatalyst for MoS2 in alkaline media. Both NiO and MoS2@NiO composites are prepared by a hydrothermal method. The NiO nanostructures exhibit sponge‐like morphology and are completely covered by the sheet‐like MoS2. The NiO and MoS2 exhibit cubic and hexagonal phases, respectively. In the MoSx@NiO composite, the HER experiment in 1 m KOH electrolyte results in a low overpotential (406 mV) to produce 10 mA cm−2 current density. The Tafel slope for that case is 43 mV per decade, which is the lowest ever achieved for MoS2‐based electrocatalyst in alkaline media. The catalyst is highly stable for at least 13 h, with no decrease in the current density. This simple, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly methodology can pave the way for exploitation of MoSx@NiO composite catalysts not only for water splitting, but also for other applications such as lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells.
Electrochemical Mechanism Investigation of Cu2MoS4 Hollow Nanospheres for Fast and Stable Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Jingwei , Mohrhusen Lars , Ali Ghulam , Li Shaohui , Chung Kyung Yoon , Al‐Shamery Katharina , Lee Pooi See 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries with advantages of cost effectiveness. Metal sulfides as emerging SIB anodes have relatively high electronic conductivity and high theoretical capacity, however, large volume change during electrochemical testing often leads to unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein bimetallic sulfide Cu2MoS4 (CMS) with layered crystal structures are prepared with glucose addition (CMS1), resulting in the formation of hollow nanospheres that endow large interlayer spacing, benefitting the rate performance and cycling stability. The electrochemical mechanisms of CMS1 are investigated using ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, revealing the conversion‐based mechanism in carbonate electrolyte and intercalation‐based mechanism in ether‐electrolyte, thus allowing fast and reversible Na+ storage. With further introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), CMS1–rGO composites are obtained, maintaining the hollow structure of CMS1. CMS1–rGO delivers excellent rate performance (258 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 131.9 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1) and notably enhanced cycling stability (95.6% after 2000 cycles). A full cell SIB is assembled by coupling CMS1–rGO with Na3V2(PO4)3‐based cathode, delivering excellent cycling stability (75.5% after 500 cycles). The excellent rate performance and cycling stability emphasize the advantage of CMS1–rGO toward advanced SIB full cells assembly.
Structure–Relaxivity Relationships of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Yang Lijiao , Gao Jinhao , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively explored as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. With the increasing complexity in the structure of modern MNPs, the classical Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan and the outer‐sphere quantum mechanical theories established on simplistic models have encountered limitations for defining the emergent phenomena of relaxation enhancement in MRI. Recent progress in probing MRI relaxivity of MNPs based on structural features at the molecular and atomic scales is reviewed, namely, the structure–relaxivity relationships, including size, shape, crystal structure, surface modification, and assembled structure. A special emphasis is placed on bridging the gaps between classical simplistic models and modern MNPs with elegant structural complexity. In the pursuit of novel MRI contrast agents, it is hoped that this review will spur the critical thinking for design and engineering of novel MNPs for MRI applications across a broad spectrum of research fields.
Micro‐/Nanofluidics for Liquid‐Mediated Patterning of Hybrid‐Scale Material Structures
Authors: Bae Juyeol , Lee Jongwan , Zhou Qitao , Kim Taesung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVarious materials are fabricated to form specific structures/patterns at the micro‐/nanoscale, which exhibit additional functions and performance. Recent liquid‐mediated fabrication methods utilizing bottom‐up approaches benefit from micro‐/nanofluidic technologies that provide a high controllability for manipulating fluids containing various solutes, suspensions, and building blocks at the microscale and/or nanoscale. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art micro‐/nanofluidic approaches are discussed, which facilitate the liquid‐mediated patterning of various hybrid‐scale material structures, thereby showing many additional advantages in cost, labor, resolution, and throughput. Such systems are categorized here according to three representative forms defined by the degree of the free‐fluid–fluid interface: free, semiconfined, and fully confined forms. The micro‐/nanofluidic methods for each form are discussed, followed by recent examples of their applications. To close, the remaining issues and potential applications are summarized.
Directed and On‐Demand Alignment of Carbon Nanotube: A Review toward 3D Printing of Electronics
Authors: Goh Guo Liang , Agarwala Shweta , Yeong Wai Yee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are 1D nanostructured materials with unique mechanical, optical, and electrical properties which can be potentially exploited for fabricating wide variety of devices. In addition, the biocompatibility of CNTs makes it attractive for wearable and implantable technology applications. Well‐aligned CNT structures show enhanced properties such as superior electron mobility, strain sensitivity, better mechanical property, and enhanced performance and reproducibility that are absent in their disordered counterparts, thus allowing more promising applications in various fields. With aligned CNTs, devices can be optimized to exhibit better performance with lesser materials and more miniature designs. This review summarizes the landscape of CNTs alignment, either during the growth or post‐growth processing. This paper delineates various CNTs alignment mechanism, process parameters, and challenges of each technique. A comparative discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and degree of alignment of each technique is presented. A detailed discussion on the various applications that utilize properties of aligned CNTs devices is presented. The advent of 3D printing techniques for printing CNTs for novel and futuristic applications is also discussed.
A Reconfigurable Color Reflector by Selective Phase Change of GeTe in a Multilayer Structure
Authors: Jafari Mohsen , Guo L. Jay , Rais‐Zadeh Mina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is shown that a phase change material (PCM), germanium telluride (GeTe), when integrated into a subwavelength layered optical cavity, can produce widely tunable reflective colors. It is shown that the crystallization temperature (Tx) of GeTe is dependent on the film thickness for thin films of less than ≈20 nm, which is exploited for color tuning. Four colors from the same physical structure are demonstrated by electrical heating, through novel optical and thermal engineering of a thin film stack that includes two GeTe layers with only a single integrated joule heater element. The selective sensitivity to incident light angle and low polarization dependence, as well as the low static power consumption of this device make it a good candidate for potential consumer electronics applications.