bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication in Theory and Research on Transactive Memory Systems: A Literature Review
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa , Hood Anthony C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransactive memory systems (TMS) theory has attracted considerable attention in the scholarly fields of cognitive, organizational, and social psychology; communication; information science; and management. A central theme underlying and connecting these scholarly fields has been the role of interpersonal communication in explaining how members of dyads, groups, and teams learn “who knows what,” specialize in different information domains, and retrieve information from domain experts. However, because theoretical and empirical evidence is scattered across related, yet distinct scholarly fields, it is difficult to determine how and why communication influences TMS and related outcomes. Thus, this paper reviews literature on the relationships between communication, TMS, and outcomes in dyads, groups, and teams, and proposes avenues for future research.
Factors associated with early tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Mehrkens Lea R. , Hudson Caleb C. , Cole Grayson L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors contributing to tibial tuberosity fracture (TTF) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designRetrospective case‐control study.AnimalsDogs (n = 2490) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent 3000 TPLO surgeries.MethodsRadiographs of 3000 stifles from dogs that underwent TPLO were reviewed for evidence of TTF. Two ratios were generated: (1) the height of the tuberosity over the width of the tibia at the most distal extent of the osteotomy (TW) and (2) the width of the narrowest point of the tuberosity over TW.ResultsTwenty‐three (0.77%) cases of fracture were identified. Factors that correlated with increased odds of fracture were placement of antirotational pins distal to the insertion of the patellar ligament (PL), tuberosities with the narrowest point below the insertion of PL, placement of multiple pins distal to the PL, and bilateral simultaneous TPLO. Tuberosities that fractured were significantly taller and narrower than those that did not fracture. Rotation past the “safe point” and presence of a gap at the osteotomy were not correlated with fracture.ConclusionPlacement of multiple pins, pin placement distal to the insertion of the PL, location of the narrowest point of the tibial tuberosity distal to the insertion of the PL, and simultaneous bilateral TPLO were all associated with TTF in this studyClinical significancePreoperative planning and postoperative assessment of TPLO should take into consideration the predisposing factors identified in this study to prevent TTF.
Myths and Methodologies: Reducing scientific design ambiguity in studies comparing sexes and/or menstrual cycle phases
Authors: Sims Stacy T. , Heather Alison K. 
Published: July 2018

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
We review methodological considerations for the inclusion of women in sex and menstrual cycle phase comparison studies.

What advances does it highlight?
Improving the methodological design for studies exploring sex differences, menstrual cycle phase differences and/or endogenous versus exogenous female sex hormones will help to close the gap in our understanding of the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones on exercise science and sports medicine outcomes.

AbstractIn recent years, the increase in scientific literature exploring sex differences has been beneficial to both clinicians and allied health science professionals, although female athletes are still significantly under‐represented in sport and exercise science research. Women have faced exclusion throughout history though the complexities of sociocultural marginalization and biomedical disinterest in women's health. These complexities have contributed to challenges of studying women and examining sex differences. One underlying complexity to methodological design may be hormonal perturbations of the menstrual cycle. The biphasic responses of oestrogen and progesterone across the menstrual cycle significantly influence physiological responses, which contribute to exercise capacity and adaptation in women. Moreover, oral contraceptives add complexity through the introduction of varying concentrations of circulating exogenous oestrogen and progesterone, which may moderate physiological adaptations to exercise in a different manner to endogenous ovarian hormones. Thus, applied sport and exercise science research focusing on women remains limited, in part, by poor methodological design that does not define reproductive status. By highlighting specific differences between phases with regard to hormone perturbations and the systems that are affected, methodological inconsistencies can be reduced, thereby improving scientific design that will enable focused research on female athletes in sports science and evaluation of sex differences in responses to exercise. The aims of this review are to highlight the differences between endogenous and exogenous hormone profiles across a standard 28–32 day menstrual cycle, with the goal to improve methodological design for studies exploring sex differences, menstrual cycle phase differences and/or endogenous versus exogenous female sex hormones.
Antimicrobial Resistance inEnterococcusspp. of animal origin
Authors: Torres Carmen , Alonso Carla Andrea , Ruiz-Ripa Laura , León-Sampedro Ricardo , Del Campo Rosa , Coque Teresa M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTEnterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover,Enterococcusis an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the speciesE. faecalisandE. faecium, causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such asoptrAandcfr, is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure ofE. faecalisandE. faeciumisolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
Proteins That Chaperone RNA Regulation
Authors: Woodson Sarah A. , Panja Subrata , Santiago-Frangos Andrew 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

RNA-binding proteins chaperone the biological functions of noncoding RNA by reducing RNA misfolding, improving matchmaking between regulatory RNA and targets, and exerting quality control over RNP biogenesis. Recent studies of
Escherichia coli
CspA, HIV NCp, and
E. coli
Hfq are beginning to show how RNA-binding proteins remodel RNA structures. These different protein families use common strategies for disrupting or annealing RNA double helices, which can be used to understand the mechanisms by which proteins chaperone RNA-dependent regulation in bacteria.
Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Regulating Toxin Expression via Shine-Dalgarno Sequence Sequestration and Small RNA Binding
Authors: Masachis Sara , Darfeuille Fabien 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic loci composed of two adjacent genes: a toxin and an antitoxin that prevents toxin action. Despite their wide distribution in bacterial genomes, the reasons for TA systems being on chromosomes remain enigmatic. In this review, we focus on type I TA systems, composed of a small antisense RNA that plays the role of an antitoxin to control the expression of its toxin counterpart. It does so by direct base-pairing to the toxin-encoding mRNA, thereby inhibiting its translation and/or promoting its degradation. However, in many cases, antitoxin binding is not sufficient to avoid toxicity. Several
cis
-encoded mRNA elements are also required for repression, acting to uncouple transcription and translation via the sequestration of the ribosome binding site. Therefore, both antisense RNA binding and compact mRNA folding are necessary to tightly control toxin synthesis and allow the presence of these toxin-encoding systems on bacterial chromosomes.
Lessons from limestone: How to teach all sciences with limestone
Authors: Gibson Michael A. , Byerly Don W. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Limestone provides many lessons about Earth’s systems (geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere) through the geochemical, hydrologic, ­tectonic, and rock cycles. Limestone is ideal for teaching cross-disciplinary STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) subjects of biology, chemistry, and physics, along with history and culture through its uses in society as a valuable economic resource. Carbon and calcium chemistry is part of the everyday environment, and limestone deposits around the world are important archives of biotic and abiotic Earth history. Limestones provide data for reconstructing global climate change and provide important “documents” for recreating Earth’s changing biodiversity throughout geologic time, including human history. Limestone precipitation is Earth’s antidote to global warming. Limestone is volumetrically one of our most valuable natural resources with a variety of uses, as well as frequently involved with natural and human-induced environmental hazards. Limestone is a common commodity readily available to all teachers and students, thus it is the ideal material for ­budget-strapped STEM educators to use to address Next Generation Science Standards. Some uses include: using fossils to develop concepts of paleoecology and evolution; using limestones to reconstruct ancient geography (including plate tectonics); and addressing the relevance of limestone to our society as a building stone, for its medical uses, and as a potential hazard associated with karst (caves and sinkholes). Five cross-disciplinary content concepts are addressed to aid teachers in preparing limestone-centric instruction: (1) enhancement of the understanding of chemical reactions and geochemical cycles, (2) biological evolution, (3) physics applications, (4) economic and environmental impacts, and (5) historical and fine arts’ use of limestone.
Nutrient hotspots through time: A field guide to modern and fossil taphonomy in east Tennessee
Authors: Keenan Sarah W. , Widga Christopher , DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Schaeffer Sean M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Hotspots represent the ephemeral introduction of nutrients into an environment, and occur in both the modern and geologic past. The annual deposition of deciduous leaves in temperate forests, tree falls, animal excrement, and vertebrate carcass deposition all result in the pulsed introduction of nutrients to an ecosystem. Hotspots are critical for providing limiting nutrients, including nitrogen and carbon, to be incorporated into soil microbial biomass and plant biomass. For vertebrate ­carcasses, following the release of labile compounds from soft tissues, bones are often left behind, and provide a more recalcitrant reservoir of organic carbon and nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and, in some environments, water, for micro- and macro-fauna. Taphonomy—the physical, chemical, and biological processes following plant or animal death—studied in modern systems can be used to interpret hotspot processes operating in the past. East Tennessee is a region where studies of modern and fossil vertebrate hotspots have provided new insights into taphonomy. This guide describes two hotspot localities in east Tennessee—the Miocene-aged Gray Fossil Site in Gray, Tennessee, and the Anthropology Research Facility (“the Body Farm”) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, a human decomposition experimental site. The goal of this interdisciplinary field guide is to provide a view of nutrient hotspots from their formation in the modern to their preservation over geologic time.
Revisiting the Flynn Creek impact structure, Jackson County, Tennessee
Authors: Jaret Steven J. , King David T. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The Flynn Creek impact structure was originally recognized in 1968 by David Roddy as one of the original six confirmed impact structures on Earth. The Flynn Creek impact structure is also the first recognized marine-target impact structure. Exposure at Flynn Creek varies, as there is no obvious rim and the geological map of the area does not look like a crater. But, there is an impact breccia unit dominated by two classes of breccia—the lower, chaotic, slump breccia and the upper graded resurge breccia. The post-impact unit is Chattanooga Shale, of which one facies is present only in the crater itself. Participants will visit historical outcrops identified by Roddy, including both the breccia units and the central uplift. New results from ongoing reinvestigations of a drill core from Flynn Creek, as well as insight from other marine-target impact structures in the southeast, will add to lively discussions.
Intraoperative lagophthalmos formula for levator resection in congenital ptosis
Authors: Kang Sunah , Seo Ji Won , Ahn Chan Joo , Esmaeli Bita , Sa Ho-Seok 
Published: July 2018

AimTo calculate a regression formula for intraoperative lagophthalmos to determine the amount of correction in levator resection for mild to moderate congenital ptosis.MethodsThis retrospective study included 38 eyelids from 28 consecutive children with congenital ptosis with levator function of 4 mm or better who showed satisfactory surgical outcomes defined as postoperative margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) ≥3 mm in each eye and difference in MRD1 ≤1 mm between eyes at 6 months after levator resection. We investigated whether the degree of intraoperative lagophthalmos measured by calliper correlated with the preoperative values of MRD1, levator function and age. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed with intraoperative lagophthalmos as the dependent variable.ResultsThe mean intraoperative lagophthalmos was 7.4±0.9 mm (range, 6–10 mm). The intraoperative lagophthalmos was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with preoperative MRD1 (r2=0.55, p<0.0001) and levator function (r2=0.53, p<0.0001), respectively. A stepwise multiple regression analysis resulted in the following regression formula: Intraoperative lagophthalmos=9.08 – 0.48×Preoperative MRD1 – 0.26×Levator function (r2=0.60, p<0.0001).ConclusionIntraoperative lagophthalmos in patients with satisfactory surgical outcome correlated negatively with both preoperative MRD1 and levator function and accounting for both variables resulted in a stronger correlation than either variable alone. Surgeons would be able to calculate the amount of surgical correction using this formula of intraoperative lagophthalmos, which could lead to a satisfactory surgical outcome in levator resection for congenital ptosis.
Growth patterns of colorectal cancer liver metastases and their impact on prognosis: a systematic review
Authors: Fernández Moro Carlos , Bozóky Béla , Gerling Marco 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundColorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) grow in distinct histological patterns that have been associated with outcome after surgical resection. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the frequency of different CRLM growth patterns and their impact on prognosis.MethodsWe searched Embase and MEDLINE databases from inception to 1 December 2017 to identify studies that reported CRLM growth pattern histopathology, their frequencies, and/or data related to outcome.ResultsWe included a total of 23 studies (2432 patients with CRLM) published between 1991 and 2017. There were variations in the terminology used to describe the growth patterns as well as in their histopathological definitions. A ‘desmoplastic’ pattern was most frequently considered, followed by ‘pushing’ and ‘replacement’ patterns. Data supported the presence of both intralesional and interlesional heterogeneity. There were no differences in growth pattern distribution stratified by chemotherapy. While heterogeneity of histopathology assessment precluded formal meta-analysis, the majority of articles found favourable outcomes for desmoplastic and unfavourable outcomes for replacement CRLM, independently of when the study was conducted.ConclusionsThe results suggest that CRLM growth patterns may have prognostic potential and that they may be considered for standardised routine histopathological reporting. Further understanding of the different growth patterns may provide important insights into the biological mechanisms that underlie metastatic growth in the liver.
Stent retriever placement in embolectomy: the choice of the post-bifurcational trunk influences the first-pass reperfusion result in M1 occlusions
Authors: Maus Volker , Brehm Alex , Tsogkas Ioannis , Henkel Silja , Psychogios Marios-Nikos 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundEmbolectomy using Stent retriever Assisted Vacuum-locked Extraction (SAVE) is effective in intracranial large vessel occlusion. Which post-bifurcational trunk should be chosen for distal stent retriever placement in M1 occlusions is, however, elusive.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a comprehensive stroke center between 2015 and 2017. Eighty-nine consecutive patients with M1 occlusions were treated with SAVE. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) series were studied to determine the anatomy of middle cerebral artery division, the position of the stent retriever, and to measure vessel diameters. The primary endpoint was first-pass complete/near-complete reperfusion, defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score of 2c or 3, after distal stent retriever placement in the inferior trunk.ResultsIn 76/89 (85%) patients, microcatheter series were documented. A microcatheter was placed within the inferior trunk in 30/76 (40%) cases. First-pass near-complete/complete reperfusion was more likely to be achieved when the inferior trunk was used for stent retriever placement rather than the superior trunk (mTICI ≥2c: 22/30 (73%) vs 22/46 (48%), P=0.034; and mTICI 3: 20/30 (67%) vs 17/46 (37%), P=0.018). Median diameter of the inferior trunk was larger than the superior trunk (1.4 mm (IQR 1.26–1.62) vs 1.18 mm (IQR 0.98–1.43), P=0.011). The inferior trunk was dominant in 56/76 (74%) cases. Successful reperfusion was associated with placement within the dominant trunk (33/40 (83%) vs 22/36 (61%), P=0.044).ConclusionThe choice of the inferior trunk for distal stent retriever placement in M1 occlusions is associated with a high rate of first-pass near-complete/complete reperfusion when using SAVE.
Transvenous coil embolization with intra-operative cone beam CT assistance in the treatment of hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Crockett Matthew Thomas , Chiu Albert Ho Yuen , Singh Tejinder P , McAuliffe William , Phillips Timothy John 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundHypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistulae (HC-dAVF) are a rare subtype of skull base fistulae involving the anterior condylar confluence or anterior condular vein within the hypoglossal canal. Transvenous coil embolization is a preferred treatment strategy, however delineation of fistula angio-architecture during workup and localization of microcatheter tip during embolization remain challenging on planar DSA. For this reason, our group have utilized intra-operative cone beam CT (CBCT) and selective cone beam CT angiography (sCBCTA) as adjuncts to planar DSA during workup and treatment. The purpose of this article is to present our experience in the treatment of HC-dAVF using transvenous coil embolization (TVCE) with cone beam CT assistance, describing our technique as well as presenting our angiographic and clinical outcomes.MethodsTen patients with symptomatic HC-dAVF were treated using TVCE with intra-operative cone beam CT assistance. Prospectively collected data regarding clinical and angiographic results and complication rates was recorded and reviewed.ResultsComplication-free fistula occlusion was achieved in our entire patient cohort. The dominant symptom of pulsatile tinnitus resolved in all 10 patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that TVCE with CBCT assistance is a highly effective treatment option for HC-dAVF, achieving complication-free fistula occlusion in our entire patient cohort. We have found low-dose sCBCTA and CBCT to be an extremely useful adjunct to planar DSA imaging during both workup and treatment of these rare fistulae.
Simply connected latin quandles
Authors: Bonatto Marco , Vojtěchovský Petr 
Published: July 2018

A (left) quandle is connected if its left translations generate a group that acts transitively on the underlying set. In 2014, Eisermann introduced the concept of quandle coverings, corresponding to constant quandle cocycles of Andruskiewitsch and Graña. A connected quandle is simply connected if it has no nontrivial coverings, or, equivalently, if all its second constant cohomology sets with coefficients in symmetric groups are trivial. In this paper, we develop a combinatorial approach to constant cohomology. We prove that connected quandles that are affine over cyclic groups are simply connected (extending a result of Graña for quandles of prime size) and that finite doubly transitive quandles of order different from [Formula: see text] are simply connected. We also consider constant cohomology with coefficients in arbitrary groups.
Metabolic Imaging Detects Low Levels of Glycolytic Activity That Vary with Levels of c-Myc Expression in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma
Authors: Mair Richard , Wright Alan J. , Ros Susana , Hu De-en , Booth Tom , Kreis Felix , Rao Jyotsna , Watts Colin , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
13C MRI of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism has been used in oncology to detect disease, investigate disease progression, and monitor response to treatment with a view to guiding treatment in individual patients. This technique has translated to the clinic with initial studies in prostate cancer. Here, we use the technique to investigate its potential uses in patients with glioblastoma (GB). We assessed the metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in an orthotopically implanted cell line model (U87) of GB and in patient-derived tumors, where these were produced by orthotopic implantation of cells derived from different patients. Lactate labeling was higher in the U87 tumor when compared with patient-derived tumors, which displayed intertumoral heterogeneity, reflecting the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity in the patients' tumors from which they were derived. Labeling in some patient-derived tumors could be observed before their appearance in morphologic images, whereas in other tumors it was not significantly greater than the surrounding brain. Increased lactate labeling in tumors correlated with c-Myc–driven expression of hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, and the monocarboxylate transporters and was accompanied by increased radioresistance. Because c-Myc expression correlates with glioma grade, this study demonstrates that imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate could be used clinically with patients with GB to determine disease prognosis, to detect early responses to drugs that modulate c-Myc expression, and to select tumors, and regions of tumors for increased radiotherapy dose.
Significance: Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate detects low levels of c-Myc–driven glycolysis in patient-derived glioblastoma models, which, when translated to the clinic, could be used to detect occult disease, determine disease prognosis, and target radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5408–18. ©2018 AACR.