bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic trends for the mass, height at withers and chest depth of one year old Simmental bulls in performance test from 1975 to 1995
Authors: JURIĆ Ivan , ČURIK Ino , KUTEROVAC Krešimir , STIPIĆ Nikola 
Published: November 2024

Since the first Croatian cattle-breeding program dating from 1973 (Jurić et al., 1973), for the Simmental cattle, growth traits have been tested with the performance test (Station in Varaždin). Although there are several studies related to growth traits and body size no systematic analysis of the realized genetic gain nor the evaluation of the breeding program has been taken in the past 28 years. During the last decades economic situation was more favourable at the meat type while selected bulls (mainly imported) were mainly of dairy type. The aim of this paper was to set up phenotypic trends for the traits (mass, height at withers and chest depth) and thus to analyze the type of cattle (meat versus dairy type) Simmental breed in Croatia is going toward in the period of 21 years (from 1975 to 1995). The analysis was related to the measurements of the one-year-old bulls (around 1000) from the Performance test station Varaždin. Significant negative linear regression coefficients were obtained for the mass (b = –0.928, R2 = 0.026) as well as for the chest depth (b = –0.091, R2 = 0.078) while there was significant positive regression coefficient for the height at wither (b = 0.064, R2 = 0.078) for the models where season was considered as a fixed effect. Very similar estimates were obtained in the models without season as a fixed effect. The obtained estimates suggest that Simmental population was moving more toward dairy type. However, explained variation in the model was low and the models with included genetic factors would be necessary to confirm obtained trends.
Genetic trends of lean meat percentage of the Hungarian landrace population
Authors: NAGY István , CSATÓ László , FARKAS János , RADNÓCZI László 
Published: November 2024

Authors analysed the lean meat percentage of 6081 Hungarian Landrace pigs from 18 seed stocks between May 1997 and May 1999. Boars showed somewhat higher lean meat percentage than gilts (0.33 %). The differences among seasons were negligible (1.63 %), the highest values were found in autumn and the lowest in summer. The h2 and c2 values of this trait were 0.14 and 0.14 respectively. The genetic trend was practically zero and it can be concluded that the size of the collected dataset should be increased in order to carry out a proper genetic evaluation.
Comparing the influence of cybersecurity knowledge on attack detection: insights from experts and novice cybersecurity professionals
Authors: Saeed Mozamel M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the effect of cybersecurity knowledge on the ability to detect malicious events in a network. We developed a simplified intrusion detection system (IDS) to simulate real-world scenarios and assess detection capabilities. The IDS features typical network intrusion characteristics, such as signature-based detection and anomaly detection, providing a realistic environment for participants. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 75 respondents who were from Al Neelain University, with novices observing ten distinct cyber-attack scenarios, including phishing, malware, and denial-of-service attacks. At the same time, experts examined three complex scenarios involving advanced persistent threats and zero-day exploits. Among these participants, 35 were considered novices (students) in cybersecurity, while 40 were security professionals from technical communities. The study procedure involved novices observing ten scenarios and completing a questionnaire assessing their detection accuracy, while experts observed three scenarios and filled out a similar questionnaire. The specific measures used to determine detection capabilities included the accuracy of identifying malicious events, the rate of false positives (mislabelling benign events as malicious), and the rate of false negatives (failing to identify malicious events). The findings of this study demonstrate that cybersecurity knowledge facilitates the accurate detection of malicious events and reduces mislabelling benign events as malicious. A deep understanding of a particular network is necessary for making precise detection decisions, which rely on cybersecurity knowledge. Experts exhibit the capability to differentiate different types of cyber-attacks. They accurately assess various network settings and determine the maliciousness of networking events with greater precision. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of cybersecurity knowledge in detecting and differentiating cyber-attacks. The expertise of experts in network analysis and precise determination of malicious events emphasizes their significance. These findings have practical implications for enhancing attack detection capabilities.
Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
Authors: Li Xiehui , Jia Hejia , Wang Lei , Xiao Tiangui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drought prediction is crucial for mitigating risks and designing measures to alleviate its impact. Machine learning models have been widely applied in the field of drought prediction in recent years. This study concentrated on predicting meteorological droughts in southwest China, a region prone to frequent and severe droughts, particularly in areas with sparse meteorological station coverage. The long short-term memory (LSTM) predictive model, which is a deep learning model, was constructed by calculating standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) values based on 144 weather station observations from 1980 to 2020. The 5-fold cross-validation method was used for the hyperparameter optimization of the model. The LSTM model underwent comprehensive assessment and validation through multiple methods. This included the use of several accuracy assessment indicators and a comparison of results. The comparison covered different drought characteristics among the LSTM predictive model, the benchmark random forest (RF) predictive model, the historical drought situations, and the calculated SPEI values based on observations from 144 weather stations. The results showed that the training results of the LSTM predictive model basically agreed with the SPEI values calculated from weather station observations. The model-predicted variation trend of SPEI values for 2020 was similar to the variation in SPEI values calculated based on weather station observations. On the test set, the coefficient of determination (R
2), the root mean square error, the explained variance score, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency were 0.757, 0.210, 0.802, 0.761, and 0.212, respectively. The total consistency rate of the drought grade was 59.26%. The spatial correlation distribution of SPEI values between LSTM model prediction and calculation from meteorological stations in 2020 was more than 0.5 for most regions. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.6 in western Tibet and Chengdu Plains. Compared to the RF model, the LSTM model excelled in all five performance evaluation metrics and demonstrated a higher overall consistency rate for drought categories. The Kruskal–Wallis test for both the LSTM and RF models all indicated no significant difference in the distributions between the predicted and observed data. Scatter plots revealed that the prediction accuracy for both models in 2020 was suboptimal, with the SPEI showing a comparatively narrow range of values. Nonetheless, the LSTM model significantly outperformed the RF model in terms of prediction accuracy. In summary, the LSTM model demonstrated good overall performance, accuracy, and applicability. It has the potential to enhance dynamic drought prediction in regions with complex terrain, diverse climatic factors, and sparse weather station networks.
The interaction of affix size, type and shape: a cross-linguistic study
Authors: Zingler Tim , Rogers Phillip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores the phonological structure of affixes based on different parameters. We begin by investigating the common but insufficiently supported claim that affixes tend to be monosyllabic, and we then take up the ideas that prefixes and suffixes differ in terms of size and in their proclivity for allomorphy. Our database consists of affix lists of 25 unrelated languages, which come from all six geographical macro-areas and yield a total of 1,454 affixes (403 prefixes, 1,051 suffixes). The results show that both prefixes and suffixes are most often monosyllabic, but prefixes are still significantly shorter than suffixes in terms of segments and syllables. There is no significant difference in terms of allomorphy. We argue that the monosyllabic tendency emerges as an artifact, given that a monosyllabic affix is long enough to be perceived, short enough to be economical, and compatible even with simple syllable structures. Meanwhile, prefixes are shorter than suffixes because they pose a challenge for comprehension and because syllable onsets in many languages allow more complexity than codas. The overall insight is that syllables are a prominent domain in morphology as well as phonology, even though various factors may undermine the overlap of affixes and syllables.
Cambios en la percepción acerca de China en los países latinoamericanos y perspectivas de cooperación en el marco de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta
Authors: Liu Yitong , Wan Ruxin 
Published: November 2024

Resumen
La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta, propuesta y puesta en práctica hace una década, ha pasado de ser una idea a una acción y ha logrado notables efectos. Este estudio, bajo la teoría del análisis tridimensional del discurso de Fairclough, investiga sistemáticamente las características y los cambios en la percepción acerca de China en los países latinoamericanos, mediante análisis de textos y prácticas discursivas y sociales. Se revela que, aunque la opinión sobre China es mayoritariamente positiva, aún existen desconfianza y falta de comprensión, por lo que es necesario mejorar la calidad y el nivel de las relaciones bilaterales.
Optimal pair trading: Consumption-investment problem with finite and infinite horizon
Authors: Kabanov Yuri , Kozhevnikov Aleksei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a simple solution of the consumption-investment problem pair trading on a finite time horizon.
The proof is based on the remark that the HJB equation can be reduced to a linear parabolic equation solvable explicitly. As a further development we obtain also a solution of the problem for the infinite time horizon.
A Spicy Mystery, or ... with soap on our hands and foam at our mouths ...
Authors: Saberi Helen J , Helou Anissa , Pombo-Villar Esteban 
Published: November 2024

The newly formed international organization INTERSPI, the young sister of INTERPOL, but dedicated to intercontinental investigations of mystery spices (or spicy mysteries), has scored its first triumph in (more or less) identifying a spice which has eluded the attention of all previous English-language cataloguers of spices.
Detective Saberi (daughter of a former Chief Inspector of Police in the City of York, author of Noshe Djan- Afghan Food and Cookery, and currently working with Alan Davidson on The Oxford Companion to Food) inaugurated the enquiry, as she explains in this report (sequential in construction, to expose her modus operandi), but found that the scale of the operation called for international cooperation. The co-investigators whom she enlisted are named above. They were shrewdly chosen. Anissa Helou is the author of the forthcoming (September 1994) Lebanese Cuisine (Grub Street, London). Dr Pombo-Villar, who runs his part of INTERSPJ from a base in Switzerland, is a chemist with a particular interest in spices.
Each of the authors speaks in turn. Detective Saberi then invites the Project Coordinator to review the somewhat perplexing results of the enquiry and to indicate the course of the further investigations which the whole team believe must be made. All help to this end will be welcome.
Devising a method for integrated dataset formation and selecting a model for recognizing the technical condition of unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Perehuda Oleksandr , Rodionov Andrii , Fedorchuk Dmytro , Zhuravskyi Serhii , Konvisar Mykola , Volynets Taras , Datsyk Vitalii , Zakalad Mykola , Tsybulia Serhii , Trysnyuk Taras 
Published: November 2024

The object of this study is the process of forming a training dataset for diagnosing the technical condition of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using machine-learning algorithms. UAV flights are extremely important for various aspects of troop deployment. Combat UAV flights are performed under the influence of negative factors that cause flight special cases (FSC), which hinder the execution of combat missions, lead to mission failures, and result in the aircraft damage or loss. The available capabilities of autopilots are not enough for control under complex conditions, and in certain situations, the human operator cannot timely recognize a flight special case, including evaluation of the destructive impact of enemy’s electronic warfare systems on communication channels and operation of UAV. Therefore, the urgent issue is the intellectualization of onboard control systems, particularly towards recognizing the current technical state of UAV using artificial intelligence methods. To design such systems, labeled datasets are required. The procedure for forming datasets that consider the specificity of UAV construction and their combat use under adversarial conditions is not defined, necessitating the development of an appropriate method.
Based on the well-known CRISP-DM methodology, a method for dataset formation has been proposed for subsequent use in artificial intelligence systems that use various machine-learning methods.
This method differs from existing ones by considering the specificity of combat mission execution under adversarial conditions, which allowed for an 8.0 % increase in the accuracy of recognizing special cases in UAV flights by the onboard system. It also enabled timely detection of electronic warfare impacts on UAV and evaluation of the effectiveness of radio signal receivers jamming
Development of a mathematical model for managing schedule delays in air traffic operations
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Humaidi Syahrul , Situmorang Marhaposan , Sinambela Marzuki 
Published: November 2024

The object of this research is delay in air traffic operations. The problem in this research that must be solved is how to reduce the impact of frequent delays which cause time efficiency but cause increased operational costs and make customers dissatisfied with air traffic services and then there is time complexity which is difficult to overcome. The interpretation of this research is to analyze existing problems and then apply mathematical methods so that it is possible to develop a model that is able to dynamically optimize flight rescheduling which can be beneficial for customers in reducing waiting times. This model will consider many important variables in managing delay schedules including real-time weather conditions, aircraft availability, airport capacity so that the results of this model show the ability to reduce the frequency and duration of delays which can increase customer satisfaction. This application shows that the model developed has main characteristics such as flexibility in adjusting schedules in terms of delays and accuracy in predicting potential delays so that the problems analyzed and researched can be resolved effectively and efficiently. This model can predict schedule delays with an accuracy level of 90 % according to predetermined input variables. Then there are quantitative benefits in the form of reducing operational costs for delays, increasing prediction accuracy and optimizing flight schedules. Qualitatively there are benefits in customer satisfaction and faster and more effective decision making. The scope of this research includes managing flight schedules at airports and international hubs. Implementation of this model is important to ensure high operational efficiency and minimize the impact of delays in various operational conditions
Devising an analytical method for solving the eighth-order Kolmogorov equations for an asymmetric Markov chain
Authors: Kravets Victor , Kapitsa Mykhailo , Domanskyi Illia , Kravets Volodymyr , Hryshechkina Tatiana , Zakurday Svitlana 
Published: November 2024

The object of research is a complex system of three subsystems, which function independently of each other and are in a working or failed state. There is a need to analytically model and manage the Markov random process in the system, varying the intensity of their development-restoration and degradation-destruction flows. In the study, an analytical method for solving Kolmogorov equations of the eighth order for an asymmetric Markov chain was devised.
The corresponding Kolmogorov equations of the eighth order have an ordered transition probability matrix. The distribution of the eight roots of this equation in the complex plane has central symmetry.
The results are analytical solutions for the probabilities of the eight states of the Markov chain in time in the form of ordered determinants with respect to the indices of the eight roots and the indices of the eight states, including the column vector of the initial conditions.
Symmetry has been established in the distribution on the complex plane of eight real, negative roots of the characteristic Kolmogorov equation centered at the point defined as Re ϑ = –a7/8, where a7 is the coefficient of the characteristic equation of the eighth degree at the seventh power. Formulas expressing eight roots of the characteristic Kolmogorov equation have been heuristically derived, one of which is zero, due to the intensities of failures and recovery of three subsystems, the eight states of which in general make up an asymmetric Markov chain.
For structures consisting of three independently functioning processes, the random process of the transition of the structure through eight possible states with a known initial state is determined in time. An analytical solution to Kolmogorov differential equations of the eighth order for an asymmetric state graph is proposed in harmonic form for the purpose of analysis and synthesis of a random Markov process in a triple system.
Determination of rational parameters of chemical transesterification technology of sunflower oil
Authors: Korchak Mykola , Shostia Anatolii , Usenko Svitlana , Floka Liudmyla , Hnitii Nadiia , Morozova Liubov , Glavatchuk Vita , Marushko Larysa , Nekrasov Serhii , Mylostyvyi Roman 
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the process of chemical transesterification of sunflower oil.
Liquid vegetable oils are an important component in the products of chemical, cosmetic, paint, food and other industries. Among other oils, sunflower oil is of exceptional industrial importance.
Chemical transesterification technology is used to obtain oils, fats and their mixtures with specified properties required for various industries. An important task is to develop rational conditions for the oil transesterification process using a highly efficient and safe catalyst.
The process of chemical transesterification of refined deodorized frozen sunflower oil according to DSTU 4492 (CAS Number 8001-21-6) using potassium glyceroxide was studied. The original oil has the following parameters: peroxide value 0.2 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value 0.1 mg KOH/g, moisture mass fraction 0.03 %, crystallization temperature –18.38 °С.
The effect of transesterification parameters on the oil crystallization temperature was examined. The catalyst concentration in all experiments was 0.45 % by weight of the oil. The oil crystallization temperature was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Rational parameters of oil transesterification were defined: temperature 110 °C, duration 1.5 hours. Under these conditions, there is a maximum increase in the oil crystallization temperature (up to –4.1 °С). The effectiveness of the rational oil transesterification parameters was confirmed by changes in the triglyceride composition by chromatography analysis.
The obtained rational conditions for the chemical transesterification of sunflower oil in the presence of the potassium glyceroxide catalyst can also be used in the processes of oil transesterification with other raw materials using this catalyst.
Identifying patterns of change in traffic flows’ parameters depending on the organization of public transport movement
Authors: Postranskyy Taras , Afonin Maksym , Boikiv Mykola , Bura Romana 
Published: November 2024

This study examines the issue of traffic organization on sections of city streets, in which there are public transport stop zones of different configurations (with a drive-in pocket and along a traffic lane). Accordingly, the object of research is the parameters of traffic flows; the subject is the regularities in their change on such specific sections of the street-road network, taking into account the configuration of stops, the number of traffic lanes, and priority conditions for the movement of public transport.
The task addressed in this work was the quantitative assessment of the efficiency of traffic management in public transport stop zones. It was also important to compare different configurations of street segments in terms of their impact on delays of private and public transport.
As a result of the research, the speed and time characteristics of the traffic flow and their dependence on its composition and intensity for different number and specialization of traffic lanes, as well as the location of the public transport stop, were determined.
The resulting quantitative indicators of delays of all types of transport for each modeling option made it possible to determine the best of them according to the criterion of minimal time loss. This applies to both private and public transport, as the values of delays may differ from each other by 10–50 %.
An applied aspect related to using the scientific result is the possibility of justifying the number of traffic lanes, or their allocation for public transport, as well as determining the appropriate configuration of stops. This constitutes the prerequisites for the transfer of the scientific results to the relevant interested structures in the field of transport, which are responsible for the organization and safety of traffic under urban conditions