bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les méthodes de recherche du DBA
Authors: Boko Violette , Bonnet Marc 
Published: May 2019

Ce chapitre a pour objet d’illustrer la façon dont on peut réaliser une thèse DBA sur la base d’une recherche-action. Il commence par un passage en revue de plusieurs méthodes possibles de recherche-action, et il justifie le recours à l’une des méthodes les plus transformatives de recherche-action appliquées aux sciences de gestion : il s’agit de l’approche de recherche-intervention qualimétrique. Celle-ci intègre en effet les effets qualitatifs, quantitatifs et financiers des actions réalisées. La méthode est illustrée par un cas d’application dans un établissement scolaire au Bénin. Les impacts de la recherche-intervention sont évalués à trois niveaux : celui de l’intervenant-chercheur, celui de l’organisation étudiée et celui de la contribution à la connaissance scientifique.
Les méthodes de recherche du DBA
Authors: Dudézert Aurélie 
Published: May 2019

Le doctorant-manager a un double objectif : créer des connaissances scientifiquement reconnues et créer des connaissances directement utiles pour l’action managériale. Il est alors dans une posture d’équilibriste entre le monde de la pratique managériale et celui de la science. En prenant la métaphore de la recherche comme collier de perles, ce chapitre décrit comment tisser ce fil entre deux mondes dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche en Management. À travers l’analyse d’un projet de recherche mené en collaboration avec l’entreprise Bouygues Construction, il décrit la dynamique à l’œuvre et liste des recommandations pour mener sereinement ces recherches ancrées.
Online appendix 1:An evaluation of the public sector optometric service provided within the health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Maake Moraka E. , Moodley Vanessa R. 
Published: May 2019

Background: In South Africa, optometry has been traditionally positioned within the private sector. The situation has gradually changed over the past two decades, with optometry being introduced into the public sector in many parts of the country. Despite the growing numbers, optometrists are still new within the public health sector, motivating this study to evaluate the eye care services they provide.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken. Stratified random selection was applied to select the study sites, and systematic sampling was used to select patients’ files. A saturated sample of public sector optometrists employed in the selected districts completed study questionnaires. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21.Results: A total of 2968 records were reviewed, and gender distribution was 67.6% female and 32.4% male. Refraction (86.73%) was the most frequently conducted test, followed by ophthalmoscopy (74.73%), colour vision (0.07%) and gonioscopy (0.03%). The response rate for the questionnaires was 64.7%. Optometric outreach services were conducted by 54.5% of optometrists, and the majority (83.3%) reported that the farthest outreach facility was more than 50 km from their base hospital. The availability of equipment at outreach facilities was less as compared to base hospitals, while some reported not having the necessary equipment even at base hospitals. None of the optometrists did contact lens fitting at outreach facilities. A lack of equipment was cited as one of the reasons for not providing this service by 100% of optometrists. Most optometrists (63.6%) believed that more than 30% of their referrals might have been avoided if they had prescribed therapeutic agents to manage ocular conditions.Conclusion: Introducing optometrists within the public sector improves access to services for rural communities. However, the minimum standard of optometric care is not practised, allegedly because of a lack of equipment. Therefore, resources should be made available to enable optometrists to provide comprehensive optometric services. In addition, the study highlighted the need for more optometry posts in rural communities and for the implementation of career growth paths to attract and retain optometrists within the public sector.
Online appendix 2:Soil water retention curves for the major soil types of the Kruger National Park
Authors: Buitenwerf Robert , Kulmatiski Andrew , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: May 2019

Soil water potential is crucial to plant transpiration and thus to carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Volumetric and gravimetric water contents are easy and cheap to measure in the field, but can be a poor proxy of plant-available water. Soil water content can be transformed to water potential using soil moisture retention curves. We provide empirically derived soil moisture retention curves for seven soil types in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Site-specific curves produced excellent estimates of soil water potential from soil water content values. Curves from soils derived from the same geological substrate were similar, potentially allowing for the use of one curve for basalt soils and another for granite soils. It is anticipated that this dataset will help hydrologists and ecophysiologists understand water dynamics, carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions under current and changing climatic conditions in the region.
Online appendix 1:Reliability assessment of a mechanism-based approach to post-injury knee magnetic resonance imaging interpretation by general radiologists
Authors: Stutterheim James , Goodier Matthew D. 
Published: May 2019

Background: A mechanism-based approach to post-injury knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation, following acute complex knee injury, is cited by several authors to provide increased reporting accuracy and efficiency, by allowing accurate prediction of injury to at-risk structures. This remains to our knowledge untested in a developing world setting and is of interest to us as South African general radiologists. Objective: To assess the reliability of a mechanism-based approach to complex post-trauma knee MRI interpretation when implemented by general radiologists in a South African setting, and compare our results with the findings of North American authors who compiled and assessed the same classification. To measure the agreement between the observers. Methods: A quantitative, observational, investigative, retrospective study was performed using a sample of 50 post-trauma knee MRI studies conducted at Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg. Two investigators independently applied the consolidated mechanism-based approach compiled by Hayes et al. as a research tool to interpret the knee MRI studies, blinded to each other’s findings. Results: Injury mechanism was assigned in 32% of cases by the principle investigator and in 20% of cases by the supervisor, with fair agreement between the observers (k = 0.39). The investigators agreed that 62% of cases were not classifiable by mechanism, 26% because of highly complex injury and 26% because of non-specific findings. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the Hayes et al. classification is a non-ideal tool when used by general radiologists in our setting, as the pure injury mechanisms described in the classification were rare in our study group. Patient epidemiology and investigator experience are highlighted as potential limiting factors in this study. Despite this, we advocate that the concept of a mechanism-based approach for the interpretation of acute post-trauma knee MRI holds value for general radiologists, particularly in patients imaged before resolution of bone bruising (within 12–16 weeks of injury), and those injured in sporting and similar athletic activities.
Ice injected into the tropopause by deep convection – Part 1: In the austral convective tropics
Authors: Dion Iris-Amata , Ricaud Philippe , Haynes Peter , Carminati Fabien , Dauhut Thibaut 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The contribution of deep convection to the amount of water vapour
and ice in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from the tropical upper
troposphere (UT; around 146 hPa) to the tropopause level (TL; around 100 hPa)
is investigated. Ice water content (IWC) and water vapour (WV) measured in
the UT and the TL by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Version 4.2) are
compared to the precipitation (Prec) measured by the Tropical Rainfall
Measurement Mission (TRMM; Version 007). The two datasets, gridded within
2∘ × 2∘ horizontal bins, have been analysed
during the austral convective season, December, January, and February (DJF),
from 2004 to 2017. MLS observations are performed at 01:30 and 13:30 local
solar time, whilst the Prec dataset is constructed with a time resolution of
1 h. The new contribution of this study is to provide a much more
detailed picture of the diurnal variation of ice than is provided by the
very limited (two per day) MLS observations. Firstly, we show that IWC
represents 70 % and 50 % of the total water in the tropical UT and TL,
respectively, and that Prec is spatially highly correlated with IWC in the UT
(Pearson's linear coefficient R=0.7). We propose a method that uses Prec as a
proxy for deep convection bringing ice up to the UT and TL during the growing
stage of convection, in order to estimate the amount of ice injected into the UT and the TL, respectively. We validate the method using ice
measurements from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission
Sounder (SMILES) during the period DJF 2009–2010. Next, the diurnal cycle of
injection of IWC into the UT and the TL by deep convection is calculated by
the difference between the maximum and the minimum in the estimated diurnal
cycle of IWC in these layers and over selected convective zones. Six
tropical highly convective zones have been chosen: South America, South
Africa, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Maritime Continent region,
split into land (MariCont-L) and ocean (MariCont-O). IWC injection is found
to be 2.73 and 0.41 mg m−3 over tropical land in the UT and TL,
respectively, and 0.60 and 0.13 mg m−3 over tropical ocean in
the UT and TL, respectively. The MariCont-L region has the greatest ice
injection in both the UT and TL (3.34 and 0.42–0.56 mg m−3,
respectively). The MariCont-O region has less ice injection than MariCont-L
(0.91 mg m−3 in the UT and 0.16–0.34 mg m−3 in TL) but
has the highest diurnal minimum value of IWC in the TL (0.34–0.37 mg m−3) among all oceanic zones.
Assessment of dicarbonyl contributions to secondary organic aerosols over China using RAMS-CMAQ
Authors: Li Jialin , Zhang Meigen , Tang Guiqian , Sun Yele , Wu Fangkun , Xu Yongfu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The concentration of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is underestimated in
current model studies. Recent research suggests that the reactive uptake of
dicarbonyls contributes to the production of SOA, although few models have
included this pathway. Glyoxal, an important representative component of
dicarbonyls in models, is significantly underestimated. We therefore
incorporated the reactive uptake of dicarbonyls into the regional air
quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ (the Regional Atmospheric Modeling
System-Community Multiscale Air Quality) to evaluate the contribution of
dicarbonyls to SOA, and we then assess the impact of the underestimation of
glyoxal on the production of SOA in China during two time periods: 3 June to
11 July 2014 (episode 1) and 14 October to 14 November 2014 (episode 2).
When the reactive uptake process was added, the modeled mean concentration
of SOA in episode 1 increased by 3.65 µg m−3, which explained
34.8 % of the unaccounted-for source of SOA. Meanwhile the increase in the
concentration of SOA in episode 2 was 1.82 µg m−3 as a result of
the lower liquid water content and the lower amount of dicarbonyls produced
from biogenic precursors in the fall. On this basis, when the glyoxal
simulation was improved, the modeled mean dicarbonyl-derived SOA
(AAQ)
increased by more than a factor of 2 in both episodes relative to case 1.
AAQ in episode 1 contributed, on average, 60.6 % of the total
concentration of SOA and the increase in this contribution represented
69.1 % of the unaccounted-for concentration of SOA, whereas the mean AAQ in
episode 2 accounted for 64.5 % of total concentration of SOA. Based on the
results, the mean AAQ over China was generally higher in the east than in
the west during the two episodes. The highest value (10–15 µg m−3)
of episode 1 appeared in the areas around the lower reaches of the Yellow
River, whereas the highest value of 5–10 µg m−3 in episode 2 was
concentrated over regions from south of the lower reaches of the Yellow
River to the south of Guangzhou Province as well as the Sichuan Basin. The
contribution of AAQ to the concentration of SOA in episode 1 varied from
10 %
to 90 % throughout China, with the highest contributions (70 %–90 %) in
the coastal regions and offshore along the East China Sea to the South China
Sea and in the southwestern regions. The fraction of AAQ to SOA in
episode 2 was in the range of 10 %–80 % over China, with the fraction up to
80 % in a small portion of northeastern China.
Python in proteomics
Authors: Rost Hannes L 
Published: May 2019

Python is a versatile scripting language that is widely used in industry and academia. In bioinformatics, there are multiple packages supporting data analysis with Python that range from biological sequence analysis with Biopython to structural modeling and visualization with packages like PyMOL and PyRosetta, to numerical computation and advanced plotting with NumPy/SciPy. In the proteomics community, Python began to be widely used around 2012 when several mature Python packages were published including pymzML, Pyteomics and pyOpenMS. This has led to an ever-increasing interest in the Python programming language in the proteomics and mass spectrometry community. The number of publications referencing or using Python has risen eight fold since 2012 (compared with the same time period before 2012), with multiple open-source Python packages now supporting mass spectrometric data analysis and processing. Computing and data analysis in mass spectrometry is very diverse and in many cases must be tailored to a specific experiment. Often, multiple analysis steps have to be performed (identification, quantification, post-translational modification analysis, filtering, FDR analysis etc.) in an analysis pipeline, which requires high flexibility in the analysis. This is where Python truly shines, due to its flexibility, visualization capabilities and the ability to extend computation with a large number of powerful libraries. Python can be used to quickly prototype software, combine existing libraries into powerful analysis workflows while avoiding the trap of re- inventing the wheel for a new project.
Here, we will describe data analysis with Python using the pyOpenMS package. An extended documentation and tutorial can also be found online at https://pyopenms.readthedocs.io. To allow the reader to follow all steps in the tutorial, we will also describe the installation process of the software. Our installation is based on Anaconda, an open- source Python distribution that includes the Spyder integrated development environment (IDE) that allows development with pyOpenMS in a graphical environment.
Influence of Different ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana Bunch Ages on Post-Harvest Quality
Authors: Coelho de Queiroz Lorena Gabriela , Oliveira de Jesus Mariana , Aguiar Flávia Soares , Paraizo Eliene Almeida , Soares Marcela De Castro , Da Silva Pinheiro Juceliandy Mendes , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Mendes Rodrigues Maria Luisa , Santos Thais Cristina 
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine the ideal harvest season of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana bunches by means of physical and chemical analyses of fruit cultivation conditions in the northern state of Minas Gerais.
Study Design: The employed experimental design was the completely randomized design was used in a 5x5 factorial scheme, with five bunch ages and five assessment days.
Study Location and Duration: The experiment was run in an area with banana trees planted 20 months beforehand, located at Unimontes’s Experimental Farm, at 530 m of altitude, with coordinates being -15°43’46.99” south latitude and -43°19’17.61”west longitude, between April and November 2017.
Methodology: The bananas bunches the were marked weekly from April 14 to May 12, and week days were standardized for each marking. Five bunch ages were defined – 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 weeks after inflorescence emission – for harvest. For differentiation of emerged bunches, tapes of different color were used. When the bunches marked in the first week completed 20 weeks, all bunches were harvested, which happened on September 1. After harvested the fruits were subjected to storage in refrigerated chamber at 10°C ± 1°C and relative humidity of 90% +5% for 25 days. After being stored for 25 days, the bananas were taken out of the chamber and exposed to a room temperature of 25°C, which analyzes were performed for 9 days, with a two-day interval in between, simulating the marketing period. The following analyses were carried out: Firmness, peel color, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, amide, total sugars, reducing sugars and electrolyte extravasation.
Results: Lower hue, chroma, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar and electrolyte extravasation values were found for bananas harvested at 16 weeks.
Conclusion: Bunch harvest age had a direct influence on post-harvest quality of bananas ‘Prata-Anã’. Fruits from 16-week bunches were superior in physical and chemical characteristics compared to other ages, meaning a longer post-harvest life.
Potential Use of Eucalyptus Seedling in Recycling of Fish Farming Wastewater in Agriculture
Authors: Paulus Dalva , Toffoli Ezequiel , Eduardo Pereira Ramos Celso , Moura Claúdia de Andrade , Becker Dislaine , Francio Iara Emanoely 
Published: May 2019

Aims: The reuse of fish wastewater in agricultural activities such as the production of seedlings in commercial nurseries has great potential to minimize production costs and to reduce environmental impacts due to the inappropriate disposal of this waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, development and quality of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden seedlings produced with different wastewater concentrations from fish farming.
Study Design: The fertigation treatments were using fish farming (Tilapia) wastewater from tanks (FW), daily nutrient solution (DNS), and the combinations of 50% FW + 50% DNS, and 25% DNS + 75% FW, applied daily.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from August to December 2016 at the Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Brazil.
Methodology: The macro and micronutrient contents in leaf tissue, seedling height, stem diameter, the largest root length, leaf area, fresh and dry shoot and root mass and Dickson quality index were all evaluated.
Results: The nutrient contents present in the leaf tissue were adequate for the nutritional demand of the eucalyptus. The seedling quality index (DQI) indicated that the daily nutrient solution (0.21) and 50% FW + 50% DNS (0.20) generated balanced seedlings regarding height and biomass accumulation.
Conclusion: Fertigation of eucalyptus seedlings can be carried out with wastewater from fish farming, but it is necessary to complement the fertilization with other nutrient sources to produce quality seedlings which are suitable for field transplantation.
Comparison of testing of collimator and beam alignment, focal spot size with slit camera, and tube current consistency using computed radiography and conventional screen‐film systems
Authors: Meechai Tipvimol , Chousangsuntorn Khaisang , Owasirikul Wiwat , Mongkolsuk Manus , Iampa Woranut 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConversion to a filmless technique of physical performance testing is becoming a topic of much interest to researchers. We assessed the use of a computed radiography (CR) system with postprocessing software as an alternative tool for performing the three physical performance tests of an x‐ray tube. Collimator and beam alignment, focal spot size, and milliampere second (mAs) linearity, were performed using a CR system. Results were then compared with those obtained from a conventional screen‐film (SF) system. The distances of collimator misalignment measured by the SF system were decreased while peak tube voltage (kVp) was increased (mAs was fixed), whereas those measured by CR were independent of exposure level. The degrees of beam collimator misalignment measured by the CR system were not different from those measured by the SF system. The differences in focal spot dimensions measured by SF and CR systems were less than 4% for large and small focal spot size in both width and length. The mAs linearity evaluated by the SF system agreed with those evaluated by the dose measurement at 50 kVp and 4 mAs, as well as 55 kVp and 3.2 mAs, while the mAs linearity test using the CR system agreed with those using the dose measurement method for all exposure levels. In summary, a CR system could be utilized to assess the three physical performance tests of a single x‐ray tube, but required more time than an SF system. Medical physicists with image processing skills were needed to perform the analyses.
Optical surface guidance for submillimeter monitoring of patient position during frameless stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Covington Elizabeth L. , Fiveash John B. , Wu Xingen , Brezovich Ivan , Willey Christopher D , Riley Kristen , Popple Richard A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of monitoring intrafraction motion during stereotactic radiotherapy with the optical surface monitoring system. Prior studies showing a false increase in the magnitude of translational offsets at non‐coplanar couch positions prompted the vendor to implement software changes. This study evaluated two software improvements intended to address false offsets.MethodsThe vendor implemented two software improvements: a volumetric (ACO) rather than planar calibration and, approximately 6 months later, an improved calibration workflow (CIB) designed to better compensate for thermal drift. Offsets relative to the reference position, obtained at table angle 0 following image‐guided setup, were recorded before beam‐on at each table position and at the end of treatment the table returned to 0° for patients receiving SRT.ResultsPrior to ACO, between ACO and CIB, and after CIB, 223, 155, and 436 fractions were observed respectively. The median magnitude of translational offsets at the end of treatment was similar for all three intervals: 0.29, 0.33, and 0.27 mm. Prior to ACO, the offset magnitude for non‐zero table positions had a median of 0.79 mm and was found to increase with increasing distance from isocenter to the anterior patient surface. After ACO, the median magnitude was 0.74 mm, but the dependence on surface‐to‐isocenter distance was eliminated. After CIB, the median magnitude for non‐zero table positions was reduced to 0.57 mm.ConclusionOngoing improvements in software and calibration procedures have decreased reporting of false offsets at non‐zero table angles. However, the median magnitude for non‐zero table angles is larger than that observed at the end of treatment, indicating that accuracy remains better when the table is not rotated.