bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for treating chronic headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anheyer Dennis , Leach Matthew J , Klose Petra , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger 
Published: June 2018

Background Mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy are frequently used for pain-related conditions, but their effects on headache remain uncertain. This review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy in reducing the symptoms of chronic headache. Data sources and study selection MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PsychINFO were searched to 16 June 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy with usual care or active comparators for migraine and/or tension-type headache, which assessed headache frequency, duration or intensity as a primary outcome, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Tool. Results Five randomized controlled trials (two on tension-type headache; one on migraine; two with mixed samples) with a total of 185 participants were included. Compared to usual care, mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy did not improve headache frequency (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = 0.00; 95% confidence interval = −0.33,0.32) or headache duration (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.08; 95% confidence interval = −1.03,0.87). Similarly, no significant difference between groups was found for pain intensity (five randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.78; 95% confidence interval = −1.72,0.16). Conclusions Due to the low number, small scale and often high or unclear risk of bias of included randomized controlled trials, the results are imprecise; this may be consistent with either an important or negligible effect. Therefore, more rigorous trials with larger sample sizes are needed.
Validation of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Produced by a Mechanical Impact Simulator Against the Clinical Presentation of Injury
Authors: Bates Nathaniel A. , Schilaty Nathan D. , Nagelli Christopher V. , Krych Aaron J. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are catastrophic events that affect athletic careers and lead to long-term degenerative knee changes. As injuries are believed to occur within the first 50 milliseconds after initial contact during a rapid deceleration task, impact simulators that rapidly deliver impulse loads to cadaveric specimens have been developed. However, no impactor has reproducibly and reliably created ACL injures in a distribution that mimics clinical observation. Purpose: To better understand ACL injury patterns through a cadaveric investigation that applied in vivo–measured external loads to the knee during simulated landings. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A novel mechanical impact simulator reproduced kinetics from in vivo–recorded drop landing tasks on 45 cadaveric knees. Specimens were exposed to a randomized order of variable knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation loads before the introduction of an impulse load at the foot. This process was repeated until a hard or soft tissue injury was induced on the joint. Injuries were assessed by an orthopaedic surgeon, and ligament strain was recorded by implanted strain gauges. Results: The mechanical impact simulator induced ACL injuries in 87% of specimens, with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries in 31%. ACL tear locations were 71% femoral side, 21% midsubstance, and 9% tibial side. Peak strain before failure for ACL-injured specimens was 15.3% ± 8.7% for the ACL and 5.1% ± 5.6% for the MCL ( P < .001). Conclusion: The ACL injuries induced by the mechanical impact simulator in the present study have provided clinically relevant in vitro representations of in vivo ACL injury patterns as cited in the literature. Additionally, current ligament strains corroborate the literature to support disproportionate loading of the ACL relative to the MCL during athletic tasks. Clinical Relevance: These findings indicate that the mechanical impact simulator is an appropriate model for examining independent mechanical variables, treatment techniques, and preventive interventions during athletic tasks leading up to and including an ACL injury. Accordingly, this system can be utilized to further parse out contributing factors to an ACL injury as well as assess the shortcomings of ACL reconstruction techniques in a dynamic, simulated environment that is better representative of in vivo injury scenarios.
Sexual Behaviors, Mobile Technology Use, and Sexting Among College Students in the American South
Authors: Ingram Lucy A. , Macauda Mark , Lauckner Carolyn , Robillard Alyssa 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To examine sexual, mobile technology, and sexting behaviors of college students. Design: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Setting: Study sites were 2 universities in the southern United States. Subjects: Data were collected from 254 participants via online survey of college students. Measures: The survey included 268 items inclusive of measures from previously validated sources. Variables for this study included technology ownership/use, online/mobile dating site use, sexting behaviors/attitudes, and sexual behaviors. In particular, the Sexting Attitudes Scale has been previously validated with other researchers providing comparative data. Analysis: Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for group comparisons. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictors of sexting behavior. Results: Of the 254 participants, over 80% had ever had sex, and participants were more likely to use condoms with partners who they were not in a committed relationship compared to those to whom they were committed (χ2 = 27.324, P = .0001). Seventy percent had ever sexted, and sexting attitudes ranged from approximately 80% agreeing that sexting is “risky” or can leave one “vulnerable” compared to 43% agreeing that sexting is “fun.” Sexting was associated with having multiple sexual partners (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-4.47) and sexually transmitted infection testing history (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.03-4.18). Conclusion: Study findings should be considered as interventionists plan sexual health and risk prevention programs for college students.
Are the Filipino domestic helpers caring the home‐dwelling elders in Hong Kong competent to provide first aid in a medical emergency?
Authors: Ho Cheuk‐Him , Chan Tsz‐Kit , Leung Nicholas ATC , Leung Reynold , Fan Kit‐Ling , Leung Ling‐Pong 
Published: June 2018

Background:The healthcare need of the elderly in Hong Kong is a major issue. Foreign domestic helpers, especially those from the Philippines, play a significant role in response to the healthcare need of a home‐dwelling elder as they are often the sole caregiver of the elders.Objectives:This study primarily aimed at exploring the Filipino domestic helpers’ knowledge of and attitude to managing a medical emergency of a home‐dwelling elder.Methods:This was a questionnaire survey of the Filipino domestic helpers working in Hong Kong and was conducted from 1 July 2015 to 29 February 2016. The survey collected their demographic data, evaluated their first aid knowledge by a test of multiple‐choice questions and assessed their attitudes to providing first aid to the elders they cared in terms of confidence and perceived responsibility. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings.Results:In all, 398 Filipino domestic helpers were surveyed. Most had completed university education. About one third had been trained in first aid. The average mark attained by the respondents on first aid knowledge assessment was 4.5 (full mark = 16). Their knowledge was especially poor in heat exhaustion, choking, external bleeding, epistaxis and scald injury. Their median confidence score was 10 (full score = 15) and median perceived responsibility score was 13 (full score = 20).Conclusion:The first aid knowledge among the Filipino domestic helpers surveyed in this study was poor. They were not confident enough in providing first aid to an elder and their perceived responsibility was also low.
Comparing Serious Games and Educational Simulations: Effects on Enjoyment, Deep Thinking, Interest and Cognitive Learning Gains
Authors: Imlig-Iten Nina , Petko Dominik 
Published: June 2018

Background and Aim. Serious games are generally considered to have positive effects on many aspects of learner engagement as well as on cognitive learning gains and subject-related interest. Yet few studies have examined which combination of game elements influence engagement and learning, and how these factors are related. For this reason, an experimental study was conducted to explore these aspects with regard to digital serious games. Method. Twelve primary school classes with 153 students from 9 to 12 years of age participated in this experimental field study using group comparisons. The students were randomly assigned to interact either with an educational simulation or a digital serious game. The results were analyzed using t-tests and hierarchical linear regressions. Results and Conclusion. Results show that there are no group differences in tested learning gains nor in self-reported cognitive learning gains or increase in interest. Although there are also no differences regarding enjoyment, self-reported levels of deep thinking are higher when learning with a serious game. While post-test knowledge is only influenced by prior knowledge, self-reported cognitive learning gains and increases in interest are both positively correlated with deep thinking and enjoyment. These results lead to the conclusion that learning with serious games does not always lead to the expected increases in all aspects of engagement and learning outcomes. Thus, research needs to address the interplay of game elements and their impact on engagement and learning in more detail.
Vancouver Foot and Ankle WNS (Wound, Nerve, and Systemic) Classification System for Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Veljkovic Andrea , Penner Murray , Wing Kevin , Abbas Kaniza Zahra , Salat Peter , Lau Johnny , Femino John E. , Phisitkul Phinit , Amendola Annunziato , Younger Alastair 
Published: June 2018

Background: Adverse events require consistent recording to determine the effect of alternate treatments. This study was undertaken to evaluate the Vancouver Foot and Ankle WNS complication scale to capture complications (W: wound, N: nerve, S: systemic) to assist in outcome recording. Methods: Interrater reliability was tested in 2 settings: (1) between 2 blinded clinicians in a live clinical setting and (2) between 8 orthopedic surgeons using case vignettes based on a retrospective analysis of 500 foot and ankle procedures performed at the Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics. The intrarater reliability of the WNS scale was tested in a single rater using the case vignettes. Inter- and intrarater reliability were assessed using the Fleiss and Cohen weighted kappa ( k), respectively and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was adequate power over 0.8. Results: In the live clinical setting, the Cohen weighted k (95% CI) values for the W (0.935 [0.862, 1.01]), N (0.914 [0.752, 1.08]), and S (1 [1, 1]) parameters, indicating a near perfect level of agreement between raters. In the broader community of professional foot and ankle surgeons, the Fleiss k values (95% CI) had moderate agreement for the W (0.712 [0.688, 0.735]), N (0.775 [0.738, 0.811]), and high agreement for S (0.834 [0.802, 0.866]) parameters based on case vignettes. However, the Fleiss k values continued to indicate moderate to strong agreement between raters for all parameters. Conclusions: The WNS scale provided a standardized method of measuring foot and ankle surgical complications. There was at least moderate-strong interrater agreement for all parameters measured on case vignettes and excellent concordance in the live setting. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Bicalutamide enhances fodrin-mediated apoptosis through calpain in LNCaP
Authors: Lee Jiyeong , Mun Sora , Park Arum , Kim Doojin , Heun Cha Byung , Kang Hee-Gyoo 
Published: June 2018

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and before it progresses and metastasizes, the anticancer drug bicalutamide is often administered to patients. Many cases of androgen-dependent prostate cancer develop resistance during treatment with bicalutamide. Therefore, the effect of bicalutamide on androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells is of clinical interest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the anticancer drug bicalutamide on LNCaP prostate cancer cells by using a proteomics approach. Based on the results, 314 proteins were differentially expressed between the LNCaP and LNCaP treated with bicalutamide. The apoptosis pathway associated with differentially expressed proteins was shown in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway mapper. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway mapper results revealed that the fodrin-mediated apoptosis pathway is associated with the actions of bicalutamide and Western blotting was performed to validate these results. Impact statement We studied bicalutamide’s anticancer action by using proteomics. The effect of bicalutamide on androgen-exposed LNCaP cells was also studied. KEGG identified >1.8-fold differentially expressed proteins between test group cells. KEGG mapper showed fodrin-mediated apoptosis involvement in bicalutamide’s action. The anticancer effects of bicalutamide, which was further confirmed using Western blotting. Therefore, this drug is a potential candidate for understanding bicalutamide’s effect on LNCaP and fodrin can be used as a biomarker monitoring status in metastatic carcinoma.
Patients’ perceptions and use of natural health products
Authors: Barry Arden R. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Despite a lack of good scientific evidence for their benefit, Canadians take a lot of natural health products (NHPs). The objectives of this study were to determine patients’ perception of the efficacy, safety and quality of NHPs and to characterize NHP use. Methods: A standardized, 18-question survey was distributed to the general public through a variety of methods. Results: A total of 326 individuals completed the survey. Eighty-five percent of respondents take 1 or more NHPs. Forty-seven percent agreed/strongly agreed that NHPs are safer than prescription medications and 24% disagreed/strongly disagreed that prescription medications are more effective than NHPs. Three-quarters of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that health care providers should recommend NHPs more often, as most stated they preferred to take an NHP for both a minor ailment (82%) and chronic medical condition (60%). Respondents used 124 different NHPs, most commonly vitamin D, vitamin B and magnesium. Respondents purchased NHPs primarily from health/vitamin stores (66%) and accessed the Internet for information about them (64%). Younger, female respondents were more likely to take NHPs. Discussion: Patients appear to be comfortable foregoing education from health care professionals about the benefits and risks of NHPs. Patients’ comfort with self-prescribing NHPs seems to stem from a perception of general efficacy and quality with little to no concern about harm and appears to be strongly influenced by lay sources of information. Conclusion: Most respondents take 1 or more NHPs, preferring to use NHPs over prescription medications for minor and chronic health concerns seemingly based on a perception of safety and quality.
Does candidate for plate fixation selection improve the functional outcome after midshaft clavicle fracture? A systematic review of 1348 patients
Authors: Vautrin M , Kaminski G , Barimani B , Elmers J , Philippe V , Cherix S , Thein E , Borens O , Vauclair F 
Published: June 2018

Introduction The hypothesis of this study was that patient selection for midshaft clavicle fracture (open reduction internal fixation with plate versus conservative) would give better functional outcome than random treatment allocation. Methods We performed a systematic literature search for primary studies providing functional score and non-union rate after conservative or surgical management of midshaft clavicle fractures. Six randomized controlled trial and 19 non-randomized controlled trial studies encompassing a total of 1348 patients were included. Results Patients treated with surgical management were found to have statistically superior Constant scores in non-randomized controlled trials than in randomized controlled trials (94.76 ± 6.4 versus 92.49 ± 6.2; p < 0.0001). For conservative treatment, randomized controlled trials were found to have significantly better functional outcome. The prevalence of non-union (6.1%) did not show significant statistical difference between non-randomized controlled trial and randomized controlled trial studies. The functional outcome after surgical management was significantly higher than after conservative management in both randomized controlled trial and non-randomized controlled trial groups. The non-union rate after surgery (1.1% for both non-randomized controlled trial and randomized controlled trial) was significantly lower than following conservative treatment (9.9% non-randomized controlled trial versus 15.1% randomized controlled trial). Discussion This review shows that patient selection for surgery may influence functional outcome after midshaft clavicle fracture. Our results also confirm that plate fixation provides better functional outcome and lower non-union rate.
Constructing global data: Automated techniques in ecological monitoring, precaution and reification of risk
Authors: Thayyil Naveen 
Published: June 2018

Automatic aggregation of large-scale data is increasingly conceived as central in the production of ecological knowledge. This article examines the implications of the employment of automation techniques and ‘data-driven analysis’ in long-term biodiversity monitoring. What are the pathways and paradoxes in the possible public acceptance of automated data-sets as a trustworthy source for use in global protection and regulation of biodiversity? This article suggests that the precautionary discourse aid topdown measures for the public acceptability of the use of such techniques. Automated biodiversity monitoring offers distinctive advantages to further precautionary goals in terms of a faster, cost-effective and less messy way of collecting data, at a large scale over long periods of time. However, it contradicts other values implied through precaution – for instance the opacity and reification of the construction of risk. How do the specific forms of data-making relate with specific forms of risk governance, and what implications does this have for helping us to understand appropriate ways of political representation in governance? Can paradoxes attendant to introducing a form of construction of data help understand the nature of the exercise of governmental power? [Box: see text]
Dynamic finite element analysis of implants for femoral neck fractures simulating walking
Authors: Noda Mitsuaki , Nakamura Yukiko , Adachi Kazuhiko , Saegusa Yasuhiro , Takahashi Masayasu 
Published: June 2018

Background: To examine postoperative complications for osteosynthesizing femoral neck fractures (Pauwels III), biomechanical analysis should be conducted under dynamic conditions simulating for walking, not static conditions. Among the two main aims of this study, one is to pioneer the technique of dynamic finite element (FE) analysis, and the other is to compare stress distribution between two implants during walking. Materials and Methods: First, we performed an inverse dynamic analysis with optimization method using a musculoskeletal model to calculate the inter-segmental and muscular forces during walking. Second, three FE models were prepared: (I) intact hip joint, (II) fractures treated with two Hansson pins (HP), and (III) fractures with Dual SC Screws (DSCS) maintaining an angular stability. The direction and magnitude of the loadings varied continuously. Stress distribution during the walking was evaluated by using a dynamic explicit method. We examined the time-dependent von Mises stresses at two representative spots: medial cortex at the femoral neck fracture site and lateral pin (presumed) insertion holes. Results: In general, stress values are always changing during walking cycle. Regarding medial femoral neck cortex at the fracture line, intact model showed almost consistent value. Both HP model and DSCS model amounted the highest around 30 MPa. At lateral holes, highest values were 18.8, 104.0, and 63.1 MPa of intact, HP, and DSCS models, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, our analysis simulating the real walking will be useful in evaluating time-varying stress distribution to assess postoperative complication. Clinical Relevance: DSCS is expected to be paramount for treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures.
Exploring traditional and nontraditional roles for thrombomodulin
Authors: Loghmani Houra , Conway Edward M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThrombomodulin (TM) is an integral component of a multimolecular system, localized primarily to the vascular endothelium, that integrates crucial biological processes and biochemical pathways, including those related to coagulation, innate immunity, inflammation, and cell proliferation. These are designed to protect the host from injury and promote healing. The “traditional” role of TM in hemostasis was determined with its discovery in the 1980s as a ligand for thrombin and a critical cofactor for the major natural anticoagulant protein C system and subsequently for thrombin-mediated activation of the thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (also known as procarboxypeptidase B2). Studies in the past 2 decades are redefining TM as a molecule with many properties, exhibited via its multiple domains, through its interacting partners, complex regulated expression, and synthesis by cells other than the endothelium. In this report, we review some of the recently reported diverse properties of TM and how these may impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of several diseases.
von Willebrand factor regulation of blood vessel formation
Authors: Randi Anna M. , Smith Koval E. , Castaman Giancarlo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral important physiological processes, from permeability to inflammation to hemostasis, take place at the vessel wall and are regulated by endothelial cells (ECs). Thus, proteins that have been identified as regulators of one process are increasingly found to be involved in other vascular functions. Such is the case for von Willebrand factor (VWF), a large glycoprotein best known for its critical role in hemostasis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that lack of VWF causes enhanced vascularization, both constitutively and following ischemia. This evidence is supported by studies on blood outgrowth EC (BOEC) from patients with lack of VWF synthesis (type 3 von Willebrand disease [VWD]). The molecular pathways are likely to involve VWF binding partners, such as integrin αvβ3, and components of Weibel-Palade bodies, such as angiopoietin-2 and galectin-3, whose storage is regulated by VWF; these converge on the master regulator of angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Recent studies suggest that the roles of VWF may be tissue specific. The ability of VWF to regulate angiogenesis has clinical implications for a subset of VWD patients with severe, intractable gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from vascular malformations. In this article, we review the evidence showing that VWF is involved in blood vessel formation, discuss the role of VWF high-molecular-weight multimers in regulating angiogenesis, and review the value of studies on BOEC in developing a precision medicine approach to validate novel treatments for angiodysplasia in congenital VWD and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.