bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes
Authors: Wang Qisong , Zhang Jing , Shu Sunping , Lai Chunkit , Xu Bowen , Sun Haiwei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO2‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H2O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and −1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (−104 to −90‰, −126 to −86‰, and −130 to −106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ34S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (−3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. −1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.409–18.767, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.600–15.715, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.
Sudden stops in a currency union – some lessons from the euro area
Authors: Kraus Lena , Beier Jürgen , Herz Bernhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDuring the Great Financial Crisis several euro area Member States with current account deficits were subject to sharp reversals of private capital flows. We examine how the specific policy rules of the euro area's payments system TARGET2 affects the macroeconomic adjustments to sudden stops. We find that – in the short run – public capital flows in form of TARGET2 help euro area‐deficit countries to stabilize output, consumption, and investment after a sudden stop of private capital inflows. In the long run, however, euro area countries suffer under a prolonged economic recovery and accumulated large public debt as well as higher welfare losses relative to euro peggers.
Income Inequality, Ethnic Diversity, and State Minimum Wages
Authors: Foster John , Gonzalez Luis J. , Lopes Carlos 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of the current study is to examine the determinants of wage floors set by state governments in the United States, with a particular focus on the effects of income inequality and ethnic diversity.MethodWe estimate the effects of income inequality, ethnic diversity, and their interaction on real state minimum wages using a state‐level panel of Census demographic data from 1981 to 2010. We also control for state‐level demographics and additional state‐level information, such as measures of voter and government liberalism, along with time and state fixed effects.ResultsWe find that the impact of income inequality is mediated by ethnic diversity. When states are highly ethnically homogeneous, increases in income inequality are associated with higher state minimum wages. When states are highly ethnically heterogeneous, increases in income inequality are associated with lower state minimum wages. The impact of income inequality lacks statistical significance when levels of ethnic diversity are either average or somewhat below average.ConclusionsOverall, our results suggest that the negative impact on state minimum wages in heterogeneous states could stem from rising income inequality, which increases the social distance between whites and other ethnic groups and weakens mass support for wage policies that are believed by the public to be beneficial to the poor.
Safety of blood donation by individuals over age 70 and their contribution to the blood supply in five developed countries: a BEST Collaborative group study
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Germain Marc , Grégoire Yves , Vassallo Ralph R. , Kamel Hany , Bravo Marjorie , Irving David O. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Steele Whitney R. , O'Brien Sheila F. ,   for the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative (BEST) Investigators
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDSome countries impose an upper age limit on whole blood and double RBC donation while others do not. We evaluated the safety of blood donation in older individuals (≥71 years), and their contribution to the blood supply of five countries.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwelve blood center members of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative from four countries with no upper age limit for whole blood and double RBC donation (Canada, New Zealand, England, and the United States) or an upper age limit of 80 (Australia) provided 2016 data on donors and donations, deferral rates, and vasovagal reactions by donor age and sex. Donors under age 24 were included in the number of total donors and donations, but not in deferral and reaction rate comparisons.RESULTSOlder donors accounted for 1.0% (New Zealand) to 4.3% (United States) of donors, and 1.5% (New Zealand) to 5.6% (United States) of donations; most were between ages 71 and 76. The deferral rate was higher in older compared to 24‐ to 70‐year‐old males, but very similar between older and younger females. In contrast, vasovagal reaction rates were either lower (male donors) or similar (female donor for reactions with loss of consciousness) in older compared to 24‐ to 70‐year‐old donors.CONCLUSIONSExclusion solely based on older age appears to be unwarranted based on safety concerns such as donor reactions. Healthy older individuals can continue to safely donate and make a significant contribution to the blood supply past arbitrary age limits.
Improving safety in blood transfusion using failure mode and effect analysis
Authors: Mora Asunción , Ayala Luis , Bielza Rafael , Ataúlfo González F. , Villegas Ana 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDOne of the medical areas where errors can have more serious consequences is the process of blood transfusion. We used failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) for evaluating potential failures and improving transfusion safety in a medium‐size urban hospital with a highly complex transfusion service.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSEach failure mode was evaluated using the likelihood of occurrence, severity of the effect, and probability of detection. The obtained results allowed each failure to be prioritized and decisions to be made in an organized manner to determine solutions. We define measures and indicators that allow the comparison of their results in a longer time period than most of the previous studies.RESULTSThe most important failures were those regarding 1) transmitting information about the transfusion request, 2) patient identification, 3) sample identification, 4) cross‐matching ordered tests, 5) transfusing blood components, 6) completing and sending the transfusion control document, and 7) reporting of transfusion reactions. The application of the FMEA methodology allowed implementation of safety measures and monitoring of the measures using indicators, including the mandatory records of the hemovigilance system. There was a 56% improvement in the risk prioritization numbers in the second stage of the FMEA.CONCLUSIONFMEA allows for identification of factors that reduce safety in this hospital, analysis of the causes and consequences of these errors, design of corrective measures, and establishment of indicators to monitor their application. The FMEA methodology can help other institutions to identify their own specific vulnerabilities.
Outcomes of horses treated with removal of a laryngoplasty prosthesis
Authors: Fitzharris Laura E. , Lane J. Geoffrey , Allen Kate J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the proportion of horses treated by laryngoplasty prosthesis removal (LPR) for complications associated with prosthetic laryngoplasty (LP), the reason for LPR, and the outcome of horses undergoing LPR to manage iatrogenic coughing/dysphagia.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationClient‐owned horses treated with LP (n = 1202) and LPR (n = 58).MethodsClinical case records were reviewed to determine the number of horses treated with LP and LPR by the same surgeon. Historical, clinical, endoscopic, and surgical data were extracted for those horses undergoing LPR. Long‐term outcome was assessed by questionnaire.ResultsThe proportion of horses treated with LP and subsequently treated with LPR by the same surgeon was 3.5% (42/1202). Coughing/dysphagia was the reason for LPR in 90% (52/58) of horses. Sufficient follow‐up to determine outcome in horses undergoing LPR for coughing/dysphagia was available in 32 horses. Arytenoid abduction grade at the time of LPR did not influence clinical response (P = .416). Presenting clinical signs resolved after LPR in 21 of 32 (66%) horses, and 24 of 32 (75%) horses returned to exercise.ConclusionCoughing/dysphagia was the most common reason for LPR. Clinical signs improved in most horses after LPR.Clinical significanceLaryngoplasty prosthesis removal can be a useful treatment option for horses affected with unmanageable coughing/dysphagia caused by LP.
A Practice‐Based Research Database to Study Perinatal Nurse Home Visiting to Pregnant Women With Diabetes
Authors: Bloch Joan R. , McKeever Amy E. , Zupan Susan K. , Birati Yosefa , Chiatti Beth , Devido Jessica A. , Maldonado Linda T. , Geller Pamela A. , Barkin Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAccumulation of real‐world evidence from practice‐based perinatal nurse home visits to pregnant women with diabetes prompted this translational perinatal health disparities research. Given the global diabetes epidemic, this academic–community partnered research team is studying the utilization, processes, and outcomes of this understudied model of perinatal nurse home visiting that provide home‐based enhanced diabetes care to pregnant women. Because the nursing records provide the rich source of data for the study, our aim is to provide an in‐depth description of the Philadelphia Pregnancy and Diabetes Home Visiting (PPD‐HV) research database developed from data in the longitudinal nursing records.MethodsThis descriptive study uses retrospective data abstracted from paper‐based perinatal nurse home visiting clinical records to create the PPD‐HV, a HIPAA compliant, secure REDCap electronic research database. The sample includes 248 urban, pregnant women with diabetes who received a total of 1,644 home visits during the year 2012. The setting was Philadelphia, a large metropolitan city in the northeastern part of the United States. The PPD‐HV database followed the information fields of the paper‐based clinical nursing forms, which were originally designed by following the Omaha System to guide documenting the nursing process used in caring for patients in their homes.ResultsUsing REDCap, the PPD‐HV research database is robust with 239 variables and captures longitudinal clinical nursing data. Among the pregnant women with diabetes receiving nurse home visits, the mean age was 30.7 years, most were single, and had given birth to other children.Linking Evidence to ActionReal‐world clinical nursing practice data provide a rich source of research data to advance understandings about this model of enhanced diabetes care and the pregnant women with diabetes receiving the care. Considering the global epidemic of diabetes, this is a perinatal nurse home visiting model to replicate and evaluate.
The Role of Psychological Hardiness on Performance of Scissors Kick
Authors: Sivrikaya M. Haluk 
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this study was to find the effect of psychological hardiness on performance of scissors kick in football. The present research was practical in terms of purpose and correlation in term of nature. The statistical population of research was Ataturk University female students (18-24 yrs old) unfamiliar to football scissors kick, in 2018. So, 28 participants were selected randomly based on Morgan Table from 30 vulenteers. In this study, two quastionnars of hardiness and Charbonneau sport performance were used to collect data. To test hypotheses, regression test was used. In this research, SPSS 20 software was used in all calculations and tests.The results showed that psychological hardiness play a significant role on performance of scissors kick. It is one of the most important characteristics of a successful athlete.
Compliance and Practical Utility of Continuous Wearing of activPAL™ in Adolescents
Authors: Shi Yan , Huang Wendy Yajun , Yu Jane Jie , Sheridan Sinead , Sit Cindy Hui-Ping , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the factors that influence compliance and practical utility of a continuous wear protocols for activPAL™ among adolescents. Methods: Seven hundred and fifty-five (11–18 y; 50.6% girls) students wore the waterproof activPAL™ for 7 consecutive days. The effects of factors such as weather and practical strategies on compliance were assessed. Students were asked to note reasons for removing it in a log. After the 7-day period, students anonymously completed a practical utility questionnaire. Results: The final sample used to analyze compliance contained 588 available data points; 72.4% met the validity criteria, which were ≥4 valid days. Rainfall was inversely associated with total wear time, whereas using alcohol pads and cartoon stickers during the application were positively associated with total wear time. Sweating (25.2%) and skin irritation (39.0%) were the most reasons for 290 removal episodes by 235 students. The 131 questionnaires showed that 80.1% regarded the continuous wear period as too long and encountered problems, and 55% would rather not wear it again. Conclusion: Rainy weather affected girls’ compliance with the continuous wear protocol for activPAL™. Skin irritation and sweat-induced inadvertent drops caused removal. Future studies should investigate more user-friendly protocols.
The Little Ice Age and 20th-century deep Pacific cooling
Authors: Gebbie G. , Huybers P. 
Published: January 2019

Deep Pacific cooling
Earth's climate cooled considerably across the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age about 700 years ago. Theoretically, owing to how the ocean circulates, this cooling should be recorded in Pacific deep-ocean temperatures, where water that was on the surface then is found today. Gebbie and Huybers used an ocean circulation model and observations from both the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century to detect and quantify this trend. The ongoing deep Pacific is cooling, which revises Earth's overall heat budget since 1750 downward by 35%.

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Dynamic response and hydrodynamics of polarized crowds
Authors: Bain Nicolas , Bartolo Denis 
Published: January 2019

A crowd that flows like water
The behavior of large numbers of insects, animals, and other flocks is often based on rules about individual interactions. Bain and Bartolo applied a fluid-like model to the behavior of marathon runners as they walked up to the start line of the Chicago Marathon (see the Perspective by Ouellette). They observed nondamping linear waves with the same speed for different starting corrals of runners and at different races around the world. Their model should apply both to this type of polarized crowd as well as to other groups, which may help guide crowd management.

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Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to serum cadmium concentrations: cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data
Authors: Joo Sang Hyun , Lee Joongyub , Hutchinson David , Song Yeong Wook 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesIt has been suggested that exposure to heavy metal cadmium (Cd) may contribute to a high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was to investigate the association of RA prevalence and serum concentrations of Cd and other heavy metals through large survey data analysis.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional survey study.SettingLarge population survey in Korea.Participants53 829 subjects participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2013.InterventionsHeavy metals were measured in different time periods of the survey programme which resulted in three different data sets for analysis: Cd, mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) from 2008 to 2012 survey; serum manganese (Mn) and urine arsenic (As) from 2008 to 2009 survey; and serum zinc (Zn) from 2010 survey. RA prevalence and its associations with serum heavy metals were analysed using a general linear/logistic regression model of complex sample design.ResultsSerum Cd was elevated in patients with RA (RA vs control: 1.30±0.07 µg/L vs 1.17±0.01 µg/L, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in urine levels of As or serum levels of Pb, Hg, Mn or Zn between patients with RA and controls. OR (95% CI) of RA prevalence according to 1 µg/L increase of serum Cd level was 1.28(95% CI 1.03 to 1.61). Prevalence of RA in women was increased with increasing quartiles of Cd levels, with a 19-fold difference in female RA prevalence between individuals in the lowest quartile of serum Cd level and those in the highest quartile (0.18% vs 3.42%). Cubic spline curve of prevalence OR showed increased risk of RA according to increased serum Cd level. Increased risk of RA in men was not observed with increased serum Cd levels.ConclusionThere was an increased prevalence of RA in females associated with increased serum levels of Cd in the Korean population.
Investigating a therapist-guided, parent-assisted remote digital behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents—‘Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics’ (ORBIT) trial: protocol of an internal pilot study and single-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hall Charlotte Lucy , Davies E Bethan , Andrén Per , Murphy Tara , Bennett Sophie , Brown Beverley J , Brown Susan , Chamberlain Liam , Craven Michael P , Evans Amber , Glazebrook Cristine , Heyman Isobel , Hunter Rachael , Jones Rebecca , Kilgariff Joseph , Marston Louise , Mataix-Cols David , Murray Elizabeth , Sanderson Charlotte , Serlachius Eva , Hollis Chris 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionTourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are common, disabling childhood-onset conditions. Guidelines recommend that behavioural therapy should be offered as first-line treatment for children with tics. However, there are very few trained behaviour therapists for tics and many patients cannot access appropriate care. This trial investigates whether an internet-delivered intervention for tics can reduce severity of symptoms.Methods and analysisThis parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial with an internal pilot will recruit children and young people (aged 9–17 years) with tic disorders. Participants will be randomised to receive 10 weeks of either online, remotely delivered, therapist-supported exposure response prevention behavioural therapy for tics, or online, remotely delivered, therapist-supported education about tics and co-occurring conditions. Participants will be followed up mid-treatment, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post randomisation.The primary outcome is reduction in tic severity as measured on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total tic severity score. Secondary outcomes include a cost-effectiveness analysis and estimate of the longer-term impact on patient outcomes and healthcare services. An integrated process evaluation will analyse quantitative and qualitative data in order to fully explore the implementation of the intervention and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The trial is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Health Technology Assessment (16/19/02).Ethics and disseminationThe findings from the study will inform clinicians, healthcare providers and policy makers about the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an internet delivered treatment for children and young people with tics. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. The study has received ethical approval from North West Greater Manchester Research Ethics Committee (ref.: 18/NW/0079).Trial registration numbersISRCTN70758207andNCT03483493; Pre-results.
Lean and mean? Associations of level of performance, chronic injuries and BMI in sport climbing
Authors: Grønhaug Gudmund 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo assess possible associations between performance level (achieved level of difficulty), chronic injuries and body mass index (BMI) in sport climbing.MethodRetrospective survey.SettingWeb-based questionnaire.Participants667 active climbers (385 reported having chronic injuries).Outcome measureBMI, performance level in sport climbing, onset of a climbing-related injury, preferred style of climbing, education, gender.StatisticsDescriptive statistics and general linear model(GLM) performed with SPSS V.25 for windows.ResultNo associations were found between level of performance in sport climbing, onset of a climbing-related injury, preferred style of climbing, education, gender and BMI.ConclusionBMI is not associated with climbing-related chronic injury or level of performance in climbing. The average BMI of climbers up to the elite level is similar to that of a lower rate of performance.Clinical relevanceThe findings in this study suggest that there is no need for maintaining a low BMI to be able to reach elite levels in climbing.