bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Body Weight may Modify Effect of Abnormal Birth Weight on Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
Authors: Dong Bin , Dong Yan‐Hui , Yang Zhao‐Geng , Wang Xi‐Jie , Zou Zhi‐Yong , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Jun 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between birth weight (BW) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and to further investigate whether having a healthy body weight could modify the potential adverse influence of abnormal BW on MetS risk.MethodsA total of 6,206 participants aged 10 to 17 years were recruited using data from a Chinese national survey conducted in 2012. Gestational age‐specific BW percentiles were used to classify small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age (LGA). Fractional polynomial regression, logistic regression, and population‐attributable risk (PAR) were used to assess the relationship between BMI and BW with MetS.ResultsMetS risk increased by 73% (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.84) in SGA adolescents with overweight or obesity, but not in those without overweight, compared with their counterparts with BW appropriate for gestational age. A huge difference between PAR percent of MetS because of SGA and PAR percent because of overweight or obesity was detected. For example, PAR percent of SGA was 2.4% (95% CI: 0.1%‐4.6%) in adolescents with overweight or obesity, while PAR percent of overweight or obesity was 44.2% (95% CI: 33.3%‐53.2%) in those who were SGA infants.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that healthy body weight could relieve the adverse impact of SGA on MetS in adolescents.
TBX3 promotes progression of pre‐invasive breast cancer cells by inducing EMT and directly up‐regulating SLUG
Authors: Krstic Milica , Kolendowski Bart , Cecchini Matthew J , Postenka Carl O , Hassan Haider M , Andrews Joseph , MacMillan Connor D , Williams Karla C , Leong Hon S , Brackstone Muriel , Torchia Joseph , Chambers Ann F , Tuck Alan B 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of cellular invasiveness by breast epithelial cells and subsequent transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer is a critical step in breast cancer progression. Little is known about the molecular dynamics governing this transition. We have previously shown that overexpression of the transcriptional regulator TBX3 in DCIS‐like cells increases survival, growth, and invasiveness. To explore this mechanism further and assess direct transcriptional targets of TBX3 in a high‐resolution, isoform‐specific context, we conducted genome‐wide chromatin‐immunoprecipitation (ChIP) arrays coupled with transcriptomic analysis. We show that TBX3 regulates several epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related genes, including SLUG and TWIST1. Importantly, we demonstrate that TBX3 is a direct regulator of SLUG expression, and SLUG expression is required for TBX3‐induced migration and invasion. Assessing TBX3 by immunohistochemistry in early‐stage (stage 0 and stage I) breast cancers revealed high expression in low‐grade lesions. Within a second independent early‐stage non‐high‐grade cohort, we observed an association between TBX3 level in the DCIS and size of the invasive focus. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between TBX3 and SLUG, and TBX3 and TWIST1 in the invasive carcinoma. Pathway analysis revealed altered expression of several proteases and their inhibitors, consistent with the ability to degrade basement membrane in vivo. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of TBX3 in the promotion of invasiveness and progression of early‐stage pre‐invasive breast cancer to invasive carcinoma through the low‐grade molecular pathway. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Delirium in the pediatric hematology, oncology, and bone marrow transplant population
Authors: Winsnes Katrina , Sochacki Paul , Eriksson Carl , Shereck Evan , Recht Michael , Johnson Kyle , Loret De Mola Rebecca , Stork Linda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelirium affects 10% to 30% of patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and is associated with increased length of stay and prolonged late sequela. There are no prospective trials evaluating delirium in the pediatric hematology, oncology, and bone marrow transplant (PHO) population. Hypothesizing that delirium is underrecognized in this population, our study aimed to identify the prevalence of delirium in hospitalized PHO patients and associated risk factors.ProcedurePHO and PICU nurses were trained to use the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium and to record scores once every 12‐hour shift. Predetermined demographic and clinical variables were collected daily on all hospitalized PHO patients during the year‐long prospective study.ResultsPrior to initiating routine delirium screening, 1.1% of PHO admissions and 2.4% of unique patients had delirium mentioned in a progress note. This study included 807 consecutive admissions: 671 oncology, 49 hematology, and 87 bone marrow transplant (BMT) hospitalizations among 223 unique PHO patients. The prevalence of delirium among hospitalizations was 5% and among unique patients was 13%. Among BMT hospitalizations, the prevalence was 23%. Multiple logistic regression identified significant association of delirium with increased length of stay, admission to the BMT service, patient location (PICU vs PHO unit), benzodiazepine, opioid, and anticholinergic administration.ConclusionsBefore routine screening, delirium was underrecognized in this PHO‐hospitalized population. Patients at highest risk had prolonged hospital stays, PICU admissions, BMT, and/or frequent use of benzodiazepines, opioids, or anticholinergics. Routine screening is feasible and may improve our recognition of delirium.
Characteristics of referred patients with twin‐twin transfusion syndrome who did not undergo fetal therapy
Authors: Sasso Elizabeth B. , Hardley Macy T. , Bottura Isabela , Korst Lisa M. , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Chmait Ramen H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionAbundant research has reported twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) outcomes following fetal therapy. Our research describes TTTS patients who did not undergo fetal therapy.MethodsRecords from TTTS pregnancies evaluated at 16 to 26 gestational weeks were reviewed between January 2006 and March 2017. The study population comprised subjects who did not undergo fetal therapy. Based on initial consultation, patients were grouped as nonsurgical vs surgical candidates. TTTS progression and perinatal outcomes were assessed.ResultsOf 734 TTTS patients evaluated, 68 (9.3%) did not undergo intervention. Of these, 62% were nonsurgical candidates and 38% were surgical candidates. Nonsurgical candidates were ineligible for treatment because of fetal demise or maternal factors (placental abruption, severe membrane separation, and preterm labor). Of surgical candidates, 11 underwent expectant management, eight elected pregnancy termination, and seven planned fetal intervention but had a complication before the procedure. TTTS progression occurred in 10 (15.2%) of 66 cases. Neonatal survival in 64 cases was as follows: in 41 (64%), no survivors; in 11 (17.2%), one survivor; and in 12 (18.8%), two survivors.ConclusionNine percent of referred TTTS patients did not undergo fetal therapy, with many ineligible because of morbidity between referral and consultation. Studies of TTTS should acknowledge this subgroup and circumstances leading to lack of treatment.
Spin‐inversion mechanisms in the reactions of transition metal cations (Sc+, Ti+, V+, Cr+, Mn+, Fe+, Co+, Ni+, and Cu+) with OCS in the gas phase: A perspective from automated reaction path search calculations
Authors: Nakatomi Taiki , Koido Shoichi , Watabe Yuya , Takayanagi Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms including spin‐inversion have been systematically studied for the M+ + OCS → MS+ + CO/MO+ + CS (M denotes a transition metal from Sc to Cu) ion‐molecule reactions using the automated reaction path search method. We used the lowest mixed‐spin potential energy surface obtained from the diagonalization of the spin‐coupled Hamiltonian matrix, whose diagonal elements are taken to be the lowest two spin states. This scheme can effectively locate approximate minimum energy crossing points between the two potential energy surfaces with different spin multiplicities. The spin‐orbit couplings at spin‐inversion points have been calculated to understand the efficiencies of nonadiabatic transitions. The obtained reaction pathways and the calculated spin‐orbit couplings are employed to interpret previous experimental studies.
Spatial distribution mapping of molecules in the grains of different rice landraces, using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Suganya Arunan , Deb Debal , Pradeep Thalappil 
Published: January 2019

RationaleDocumentation of the metabolite profiles of rice landraces is essential as most of them have been lost due to the conventional practices of cultivation. Therefore, application of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) will be an appropriate analytical platform for molecular profiling, as it can provide a detailed understanding of the site‐specific localization patterns of biomolecules, and the cues concerning metabolic pathways in organisms.MethodsDesorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI‐MS) is a relatively non‐destructive analytical technique for surface sampling in natural conditions. Here, we report the spatial distribution of diverse molecules in the grains of different rice landraces of India using DESI‐MSI. Molecules were identified by ESI‐MS and tandem MS analysis of rice extracts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used for the elemental mapping on the rice grains.ResultsDESI‐MSI showed a uniform distribution of choline (m/z 104.1), sucrose in the form of its sodium (m/z 365.1) and potassium (m/z 381.0) adducts, linoleic acid (m/z 279.2), 13‐HODE‐9‐HODE (m/z 295.2), unidentified molecules with m/z 535.3, 559.5, and 561.5 and isoschaftoside (m/z 563.1) in the endosperm of rice grains. Gluconic acid (m/z 195.0) and signalling phospholipid intermediate molecules were localized in the embryo whereas oryzanol A (m/z 601.5) and oryzanol C (m/z 615.5) had a restricted localization in the bran region of the grain. SEM‐EDS mapping showed the localization of potassium and phosphorus along the bran and embryo.ConclusionsDESI‐MSI revealed the distribution of lipids and sugar molecules in the specific regions of the rice grains. Thus, molecules unique to some rice varieties were identified with this analytical platform. Mass spectrometry imaging of rice along with the elemental mapping by SEM‐EDS will be of use in understanding the localization pattern of certain molecules in the context of metals present in the grain.
Early informal STEM experiences and STEM identity: The importance of talking science
Authors: Dou Remy , Hazari Zahra , Dabney Katherine , Sonnert Gerhard , Sadler Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the relationship between participants’ childhood science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related experiences, their STEM identity (i.e., seeing oneself as a STEM person), and their college career intentions. Whereas some evidence supports the importance of childhood (i.e., K‐4) informal STEM education experiences, like participating in science camps, existing research does not adequately address their relationship to STEM career intention later in life. Grounding our work in identity research, we tested the predictive power of STEM identity on career intention (N = 15,847). We found that for every one‐point higher on our STEM identity scale, participants’ odds of choosing a STEM career in college increased by 85%. We then tested whether a variety of childhood informal experiences predicted participants’ STEM identity. While controlling for home environment, gender, and other relevant factors, only talking with friends and family about science, and consuming science and science‐fiction media (i.e., books and television) were predictive of STEM identity in college.
CEO's age and the performance of closely held firms
Authors: Belenzon Sharon , Shamshur Anastasiya , Zarutskie Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

Research SummaryUsing detailed ownership and financial information from a large sample of owner‐managed private firms in three Western European countries, this paper examines the relationship between CEO's age and firm's performance. Tracking firms over time, we find that as a CEO ages, the firm experiences lower investment, lower sales growth, and lower profitability, but also higher probability of survival, suggesting a trade‐off between the managerial approaches of younger and older CEOs. These results are stronger in industries more reliant on human capital, such as service and creative industries. Our evidence also suggests that regional financial development moderates the relationship between a CEO's age and a firm's performance by facilitating the reallocation of assets from firms owned by older CEOs to firms owned by younger CEOs.Managerial SummaryHow do management styles change as CEOs grow older? Using a large firm‐level dataset, we examine the behavior and performance of firms with CEOs of different ages. We find that as a CEO grows older, firm investment, growth, and profitability decline, but probability of survival increases. The results are stronger in industries where human capital and creativity are more important. Regional financial development moderates the age–performance relationship by facilitating reallocation of assets from firms with old CEOs to firms with younger CEOs. Our findings suggest that management styles change with age, as older CEOs tend to emphasize survival at the expense of higher profits and faster growth.
How much do top management teams matter in founder‐led firms?
Authors: Hendricks Bradley , Howell Travis , Bingham Christopher 
Published: January 2019

Research SummaryAs firms mature, their founders are often replaced with seasoned executives. When founders are retained, the surrounding top management team (TMT) members are viewed as critical resources in helping compensate for the founder's managerial deficiencies. Surprisingly, however, little is known about how TMT members affect a founder‐led firm's performance later in a firm's life. Using novel methods and a sample of over 2,000 firms, we address this gap. We find that although team structure has a significant impact on the performance of nonfounder‐led firms (consistent with past literature), it has little to no effect on the operating performance of founder‐led firms, suggesting that founder chief executive officers (CEOs) may exert too much control. Thus, the irony is that founders are retained to propel progress but their very retention may prevent progress. Taken together, our findings add to the entrepreneurship, team, and research methods literatures.Managerial SummaryAlthough founders have the entrepreneurial skills to successfully grow a startup, they generally lack the managerial skills required to lead a large, public firm. As a result, many founder CEOs are replaced before a firm goes public. When founders do stay as CEO, the prevailing belief is that they require a strong TMT to help compensate for the founder's managerial deficiencies. However, given founders' desire to retain control, there is a question of whether they will rely on that team, or if they will simply continue to follow their own intuition. We find evidence that founder CEOs are much less likely to listen to and benefit from their teams relative to nonfounder CEOs.
Adsorption of Cd and Ni from water by graphene oxide and graphene oxide–almond shell composite
Authors: Yari Moghaddam Nasibeh , Lorestani Bahareh , Cheraghi Mehrdad , Jamehbozorgi Saeed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study describes the preparation and capability of the graphene oxide/almond shell (GO@AS) composite by a freeze‐drying method. The composite showed excellent ability to uptake nickel and cadmium ions, which were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The optimized values of pH, contact time, and adsorbent doses were found to be 7.5, 30–180 min, and 0.1 g, respectively. Also, adsorption isotherms of metal ions on adsorbents were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum sorption capacities of GO@AS calculated from Langmuir isotherm model were 121.95 mg/g for Cd (II) and 69.93 mg/g for Ni (II). A higher adsorption capacity was for Cd (II) on GO@AS.Practitioner points

Synthesis of graphene oxide–almond shell composite.

Removal of Cd and Ni ions from water by graphene oxide–almond shell composite.

Study of isotherm adsorption models.
Downregulation by organic nitrogen of AOX1 promoter used for controlled expression of foreign genes in the yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Velastegui Edgar , Theron Chrispian , Berrios Julio , Fickers Patrick 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPichia pastoris is a well‐established cell factory for recombinant protein synthesis. Various optimization strategies of processes based on AOX1 promoter have been investigated, including methanol co‐feeding with glycerol or sorbitol during the induction stage. Compared with carbon sources, comparatively little research has been devoted to the effects of nitrogen sources. Several reports have described the benefits of adding casamino acids (CA) to the recombinant protein production medium, however, without considering its effects at the gene expression level. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter protein, monitored using flow cytometry, CA was shown to downregulate AOX1 promoter induction. Despite higher growth rates, cultures containing CA exhibited slower transition to the induced state, whereas metabolite analysis revealed that methanol consumption was reduced in the presence of CA compared with its absence. The repressive effect of CA was further confirmed by analysing the synthesis of extracellular recombinant Candida antarctica lipase under control of the AOX1 promoter. These findings highlight nitrogen source selection as an important consideration for AOX1‐based protein production.
Trauma recidivism in a Canadian province: a 14-year registry review
Authors: Erdogan Mete , Kureshi Nelofar , Asbridge Mark , Green Robert S. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the rate of recurrent major trauma (i.e., trauma recidivism) using a provincial population-based trauma registry. We compared outcomes between recidivists and non-recidivists, and assessed factors associated with recidivism and mortality.MethodsReview of all adult (>17 years) major trauma patients in Nova Scotia (2001–2015) using data from the Nova Scotia Trauma Registry. Outcomes of interest were mortality, duration of hospital stay, and in-hospital complications. Multiple regression was used to assess factors associated with recidivism and mortality.ResultsOf 9,365 major trauma patients, 2% (150/9365) were recidivists. Mean age at initial injury was 52 ± 21.5 years; 73% were male. The mortality rate for both recidivists and non-recidivists was 31%. However, after adjusting for potential confounders the likelihood of mortality was over 3 times greater for recidivists compared to non-recidivists (OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.06–6.54). Other factors associated with mortality included age, male gender, penetrating injury, Injury Severity Score, trauma team activation (TTA) and admission to the intensive care unit. The only variables associated with recidivism were age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–1.00) and TTA (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.34–0.96).ConclusionsThis is the first provincial investigation of major trauma recidivism in Canada. While recidivism was infrequent (2%), the adjusted odds of mortality were over three times greater for recidivists. Further research is warranted to determine the effectiveness of strategies for reducing rates of major trauma recidivism such as screening and brief intervention in cases of violence or substance abuse.
A comparison of the efficacy of multiple ultraviolet light room decontamination devices in a radiology procedure room
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Jencson Annette L. , Gestrich Scott A. , Livingston Scott H. , Karaman Boris A. , Benner Kevin J. , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of multiple ultraviolet (UV) light decontamination devices in a radiology procedure room.DesignLaboratory evaluation.MethodsWe compared the efficacy of 8 UV decontamination devices with a 4-minute UV exposure time in reducing recovery of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Clostridium difficile spores on steel disk carriers placed at 5 sites on a computed tomography patient table. Analysis of variance was used to compare reductions for the different devices. A spectrometer was used to obtain irradiance measurements for the devices.ResultsFour standard vertical tower low-pressure mercury devices achieved 2 log10CFU or greater reductions in VRE and MRSA and ~1 log10CFU reductions in C. difficile spores, whereas a pulsed-xenon device resulted in less reduction in the pathogens (P<.001). In comparison to the vertical tower low-pressure mercury devices, equal or greater reductions in the pathogens were achieved by 3 nonstandard low-pressure mercury devices that included either adjustable bulbs that could be oriented directly over the exam table, a robotic base allowing movement along the side of the table during operation, or 3 vertical towers operated simultaneously. The low-pressure mercury devices produced primarily UV-C light, whereas the pulsed-xenon device produced primarily UV-A and UV-B light. The time required to move the devices from the corner of the room and set up for operation varied from 18 to 59 seconds.ConclusionsMany currently available UV devices could provide an effective and efficient adjunct to manual cleaning and disinfection in radiology procedure rooms.
A cross-sectional analysis of dietary protein intake and body composition among Chinese Americans
Authors: Popp Collin J. , Beasley Jeannette M. , Yi Stella S. , Hu Lu , Wylie-Rosett Judith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFavourable body composition has been associated with higher dietary protein intake. However, little is known regarding this relationship in a population of Chinese Americans (CHA), who have lower BMI compared with other populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between dietary protein intake, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in CHA. Data were from the Chinese American Cardiovascular Health Assessment (CHA CHA) 2010–2011 (n 1707); dietary intake was assessed using an adapted and validated FFQ. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The associations between protein intake (% energy intake) and BMI, percentage FM (FM%), percentage FFM (FFM%), FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) were examined using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, acculturation, total energy intake, sedentary time, smoking status, education, employment and income. There was a significant positive association between dietary protein and BMI (B = 0·056, 95 % CI 0·017, 0·104; P = 0·005), FM (B = 0·106, 95 % CI 0·029, 0·184; P = 0·007), FM% (B = 0·112, 95 % CI 0·031, 0·194; P = 0·007) and FMI (B = 0·045, 95 % CI 0·016, 0·073; P = 0·002). There was a significant negative association between dietary protein and FFM% (B = −0·116, 95 % CI −0·196, −0·036; P = 0·004). In conclusion, higher dietary protein intake was associated with higher adiposity; however, absolute FFM and FFMI were not associated with dietary protein intake. Future work examining the relationship between protein source (i.e. animal) and body composition is warranted in this population of CHA.