bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of quality factor of SrTiO3 dielectric ceramics with high dielectric constant using Sm2O3
Authors: Luo Ting , Shan Xinxuan , Zhao Jingwei , Feng Hengheng , Zhang Qi , Yu Hongtao , Liu Jingsong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ceramics with the formula of Sr1−xSm2x/3TiO3 (x = 0‐0.5) were prepared by conventional ceramic process. A single phase of SrTiO3‐type with cubic perovskite structure was found companied with a decrease in crystal volume when x < 0.5, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction results and Rietveld refine. At the level of x = 0.5, the sample consisted of two phases of SrTiO3‐type and Sm2Ti2O7. Raman spectra were used to confirm the change of vibration to explain the variation in microwave dielectric properties. The dielectric constant decreased, the quality factor increased, and the temperature coefficient shifted negatively, when the x value increased from 0 to 0.4. When the x value located between 0.3 and 0.4, the ceramics exhibited high dielectric constant of 140‐152, high quality factor (>6000).
Subtypes of overtime work and nurses’ fatigue, mental status, and work engagement: A latent class analysis of Japanese hospital nurses
Authors: Watanabe Mayumi , Yamauchi Keita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo clarify the subgroups of overtime work motivations and to determine how fatigue, mental status, and work engagement differ among the subgroups.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to 1,075 full‐time nurses working in four hospitals in Japan from October 2015 ‐ February 2016. Nurses were categorized into subgroups of overtime work motivation by latent class analysis. An analysis of covariance was conducted to examine how fatigue, mental status, and work engagement differ among subgroups.Results/FindingsWe identified five types of overtime workers differing greatly in fatigue, mental status, and work engagement.ConclusionsEven when nurses worked approximately the same work hours, the difference in motivation corresponded to different degrees of fatigue, mental status, and work engagement. When introducing policies to reduce overtime work, managers should consider the different groups of overtime workers, as effective measures may differ.
An unusual ectopic ventricular rhythm in a young woman
Authors: Sternick Eduardo B. , Lokhandwala Yash , Wellens Hein J. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA case of a 22‐year‐old young pregnant woman with palpitations and near syncope is presented. Holter monitoring showed very frequent premature beats and runs of wide complex tachycardia, refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Electrophysiologic evaluation disclosed spontaneous automatism arising in an atriofascicular pathway. Differential diagnosis is discussed.
C‐reactive protein and incident hypertension in a worksite population of Japanese men
Authors: Kansui Yasuo , Matsumura Kiyoshi , Morinaga Yuki , Inoue Minako , Kiyohara Kanako , Ohta Yuko , Goto Kenichi , Ohtsubo Toshio , Ooboshi Hiroaki , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: March 2019

Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases via the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we evaluated the impact of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the white blood cell (WBC) count on the risk of hypertension in middle‐aged Japanese men at a work site. We evaluated a total of 2991 Japanese male workers without hypertension who ranged in age from 18 to 64 years (mean age 40.4 ± 0.2 years) at a worksite in 2010. The hazard ratio (HR) for incident hypertension was estimated according to quartile levels of serum high‐sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) or WBC count. These men were followed up for 5 years from 2010 to 2015. During the follow‐up period, 579 (19.4%) subjects developed hypertension. In a multivariable analysis, the risk of incident hypertension was significantly increased with higher hs‐CRP levels: HR 1.00 (reference) for the lowest quartile, 1.39 (1.04‐1.85) for the 2nd quartile, 1.46 (1.08‐1.98) for the 3rd quartile, and 1.57 (1.17‐2.11) for the highest quartile. In contrast, the WBC count was not associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension after multivariable adjustment. These findings suggest that higher levels of serum hs‐CRP, but not the WBC count, are associated with the future incidence of hypertension in middle‐aged Japanese men.
Increase in the nuclear localization of PTEN by the Toxoplasma GRA16 protein and subsequent induction of p53‐dependent apoptosis and anticancer effect
Authors: Kim Sang‐Gyun , Seo Seung‐Hwan , Shin Ji‐Hun , Yang Jung‐Pyo , Lee Sang Hyung , Shin Eun‐Hee 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of Toxoplasma GRA16, which binds to herpes virus‐associated ubiquitin‐specific protease (HAUSP), in anticancer treatment, and whether the expression of GRA16 in genetically modified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (GRA16‐p53‐wild HepG2 and GRA16‐p53‐null Hep3B) regulates PTEN because alterations in phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and p53 are vital in liver carcinogenesis and the abnormal p53 gene appears in HCC. For this purpose, we established the GRA16 cell lines using the pBABE retrovirus system, assessed the detailed mechanism of PTEN regulation in vitro and established the anticancer effect in xenograft mice. Our study showed that cell proliferation, antiapoptotic factors, p‐AKT/AKT ratio, cell migration and invasive activity were decreased in GRA16‐stable HepG2 cells. Conversely, the apoptotic factors PTEN and p53 and apoptotic cells were elevated in GRA16‐stable HepG2 cells but not in Hep3B cells. The change in MDM2 was inconspicuous in both HepG2 and Hep3B; however, the PTEN level was remarkably elevated in HepG2 but not in Hep3B. HAUSP‐bound GRA16 preferentially increased p53 stabilization by the nuclear localization of PTEN rather than MDM2‐dependent mechanisms. These molecular changes appeared to correlate with the decreased tumour mass in GRA16‐stable‐HepG2 cell‐xenograft nude mice. This study establishes that GRA16 is a HAUSP inhibitor that targets the nuclear localization of PTEN and induces the anticancer effect in a p53‐dependent manner. The efficacy of GRA16 could be newly highlighted in HCC treatment in a p53‐dependent manner.
Comprehensive medication reviews by ward‐based pharmacists in Swedish hospitals: What does the patient have to say?
Authors: Kempen Thomas G.H. , Kälvemark Amanda , Gillespie Ulrika , Stewart Derek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesInappropriate medication prescribing and use amongst older patients is a major patient safety and health care problem. To promote appropriate medication prescribing and use, comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) by ward‐based pharmacists, including follow‐up telephone calls after hospital discharge, have been conducted in older patients in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). One of the key actors in a CMR is the patient. To support the understanding of the effects of CMRs on patients' health outcomes and improve clinical practice, knowledge about the patient perspective is needed. We therefore aimed to explore older patients' experiences with, and views on, hospital‐initiated CMRs and follow‐up telephone calls by ward‐based clinical pharmacists within an RCT.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 15 patients (66‐94 years) and carers from four hospitals in Sweden. Discussion topics included communication, information, decision‐making, and effects on the patient. Interviews took place after discharge, were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed using a framework approach.ResultsIn general, patients' experiences and views were positive. Seven key themes were identified: (a) feeling of being taken care of and heterogenous health effects; (b) the pharmacist is competent; (c) despite the unclear role of pharmacists, their involvement is appreciated; (d) patients rely on health care professionals for decision‐making; (e) importance of being informed, but receiving and retaining information is problematic; (f) time, location, and other factors influencing the effectiveness of CMRs; and (g) generic substitution is a problem.ConclusionsOlder patients generally have positive experiences with and views on CMRs and follow‐up telephone calls. However, some factors, like the unclear role of the ward‐based pharmacist and problems with receiving and retaining information, may negatively impact the effectiveness of these interventions. Future initiatives on hospital‐initiated CMRs by clinical pharmacists should address these negative factors and utilize the positive views.
Parenting children with intellectual disability: linking maternal insightfulness to sensitivity
Authors: Feniger‐Schaal R. , Oppenheim D. , Koren‐Karie N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined mothers' representation of their children's inner world – maternal insightfulness – and its link to sensitive maternal behaviour. We aimed to understand some of the parental processes that underlie parenting children with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsThe sample included 38 mothers and their children with non‐specific ID aged 2.5 to 5.5 years. Children had developmental quotient scores of M = 56.29, SD = 9.65 and adaptive behaviour scores of M = 60.72, SD = 10.43. We hypothesised that mothers who were insightful show more sensitive behaviour when interacting with their children than non‐insightful mothers do. Maternal insightfulness was assessed using the insightfulness interview, and maternal sensitive behaviour during mother–child interaction was assessed using the emotional availability observation scales.ResultsForty‐one per cent of the mothers showed positive insightfulness regarding their children's inner world. These mothers showed higher levels of sensitive behaviour than did the non‐insightful mothers. The insightfulness–sensitivity link was not associated with any of the mothers' or the children's characteristics, including the level of developmental quotient, suggesting that these parental constructs are not simply a reflection of the level of the children's developmental delay.ConclusionsBetter understanding of the mechanism of parenthood, including the insightfulness–sensitivity link, may help personalise the support provided to parents of children with ID. The associations between maternal insightfulness and sensitivity imply that promoting maternal insightfulness may enhance mothers' sensitivity towards their children.
Science as Dissent: The Practical Value of Basic and Applied Science
Authors: Crandall Christian S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThreats to democracy loom around the world, but scientists of all kinds can resist. I begin by describing two practical opportunities offered at the 2017 Presidential Address in Albuquerque, NM, and quickly turn to the close connection between science and democracy. Science and education promote both scientific and democratic values by building the infrastructure of democracy. Science and democracy coevolved, rely on, and mutually benefit each other, and are part of the fabric of civil institutions, which provide support for democracy. By being an often independent, nonpartisan, and methodologically constrained process for generating knowledge, science is a form of dissent. I offer a source list of over 200 nonviolent ways to help promote and preserve democracy. Indispensably, conducting science and teaching citizenship are critical ways to promote democracy, enhance participation, and develop dissent.
Inhibitory effects of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum on Colletotrichum musae: The causal agent of bananas anthracnose
Authors: Madjouko Mireille Agathe , Tchameni Séverin Nguemezi , Tchinda Eliane Sonwa , Dongmo Jazet Pierre Michel , Kamsu Pamela Noumegna , Medzue Souop Kamga Vicky Arlette , Sameza Modeste Lambert , Tchoumbougnang Francois , Menut Chantal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the fungicidal effects of essential oils (EO) from Ocimum sp. on Colletotrichum musae. The fungus was isolated from bananas that showed typical symptoms of anthracnose followed by molecular identification. Oils were obtained by hydro‐distillation, and the chemical constituents were analysed using gas chromatography. The antifungal activity of the oils was tested in vitro against mycelia growth and conidia germination. In situ tests were carried out by spraying the oil on healthy bananas followed by the inoculation with C. musae conidia and the assessment of the necrosis symptoms. The obtained results revealed that the yield of the oil extracted from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum were 0.17% and 0.40%, respectively. Thujanol (24.38%), eugenol (23.78%) and (Z)‐ß‐ocimene (16.59%) were the main components found in O. basilicum while thymol (42.65%), trans‐sabinene hydrate (21.63%) and limonene (8.68%) were the major components found in O. gratissimum. The total reduction in the C. musae mycelial growth was observed at 800 and 275 µl/L, for the O. basilicum and O. gratissimum oils, respectively. These oils also inhibited completely the conidia germination at 400 and 185 µl/L. In situ tests showed the necrosis reduction bananas anthracnose. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the preventive and curative test after the application of O. basilicum oil was 6,000 and 4,000 µl/L, respectively, whereas for the O. gratissimum oil, the MIC was 3,000 and 1,000 µl/L, jointly. Positive correlations were identified between the oil concentration and the reduction in bananas necrosis. These results indicated that the O. gratissimum EOs might be used as a biocide for the control of bananas anthracnose disease.
A cluster analysis of the relationship between sucking habits, consistency of food ingested, and taste sensitivity in children
Authors: Marquezin Maria Carolina S. , Araujo Darlle S. , Amato Juliana N. , de S. Barbosa Taís , Fonseca Fernando L. A. , Gavião Maria B. D. , Castelo Paula Midori 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs sucking habits and eating behavior may be interrelated and also associated with taste, body composition, and sociodemographic factors, the objective was to perform an exploratory analysis to identify groups of children with a high degree of association between intragroup subjects, providing explanation and interpretation of the data. The study initially included 352 prepubertal children (197 girls; 7‐ to 11‐year‐old), from whom information about sociodemographic characteristics, duration of breastfeeding, past bottle‐feeding and non‐nutritive sucking habits, taste sensitivity, body mass index (BMI), and consistency of food ingested were collected. Salivary concentrations of amylase and total protein were also determined. Data were submitted to cluster analysis (hierarchical analysis, K‐means, and silhouette plot), one‐way ANOVA and correlation tests. Cluster analysis included 159 children, generating three reliable and meaningful clusters: Cluster 1 (labeled “good tasters”), was characterized by older children and higher taste sensitivity; Cluster 2 (“softer food consistency”) by longer bottle‐feeding duration and children who eat food with lower consistency, and Cluster 3 (“breastfed”) by longer breastfeeding duration (silhouette coefficient = 0.61). Cluster 3 also showed the higher percentage of normal‐weight children, normal delivery, maternal schooling, and lower rate of past non‐nutritional sucking habit. No correlation was found between salivary amylase and total protein concentrations, taste sensitivity and BMI, although taste sensitivity showed to be higher among girls (p = 0.002; power = 88%). The study identified three clusters, highlighting the relationship between nutritional sucking habits, consistency of food ingested, and sociodemographic characteristics. Most importantly, a close relation between bottle‐feeding and consumption of soft food consistency was observed.
Careers within Firms: Occupational Mobility Over the Lifecycle
Authors: Forsythe Eliza 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith falling labor market dynamism in the United States, opportunities within firms take on increasing importance in young workers’ career progression. Developing a variety of occupational ranking metrics, I show that occupational mobility within firms follows a standard lifecycle pattern in which the frequency, distance, and wage return from mobility fall with age. However, when upward and downward mobility are considered separately, the distance of moves increases over the lifecycle. Thus, while young workers make the smallest distance occupational moves up and down, they have the largest wage gains and losses associated with these moves. I find that wage growth for young workers deteriorated substantially in the first decade of the 2000s, primarily driven by a reduction in wage growth within firms, whereas mid‐career workers have experienced no such change. I argue this is most likely driven by the dramatic fall in employer‐to‐employer mobility for young workers since the early 2000s. Encouragingly, wage growth has improved markedly for young workers since 2012.
A hybrid model for estimation of ground movements due to mechanized tunnel excavation
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Hölter Raoul , König Markus , Alimardani Lavasan Arash 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo provide realistic predictions of mechanized tunnel excavation‐induced ground movements, this research develops an innovative simulation technique called hybrid modeling that combines a detailed process‐oriented finite element (FE) simulation (submodel) with the computational efficiency of metamodel (or surrogate model). This hybrid modeling approach has three levels. In Level 1, a small scale submodel is cut out from the global model and the continuous simulations are conducted in this submodel. Level 2 deals with identification of uncertain soil parameters based on the measurements (e.g., surface settlements) during tunnel excavation. In Level 3, the tunneling process parameters (e.g., grouting pressure) can be optimized to control tunneling‐induced ground movements or building deformations according to the design criterion. The proposed hybrid modeling approach is validated via a 3D numerical simulation of mechanized tunnel excavation. The results show the capability of the proposed approach to provide reliable model responses in the near field around the tunnel with reduced computational costs.
Spectrum of biopsy‐proven renal disease in northern India: A single‐centre study
Authors: Mittal Parmod , Agarwal Sanjay K , Singh Geetika , Bhowmik Dipankar , Mahajan Sandeep , Dinda Amit , Bagchi Soumita 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAimPattern of kidney diseases varies across geographies due to multiple factors. There is a paucity of information from South Asia due to the absence of nationwide/regional biopsy registries. This study aimed to delineate the spectrum of renal parenchymal diseases in our region.MethodsRecords of kidney biopsies done in our nephrology department between 2006 and 2016 were analysed. Clinico‐pathological correlation was done from the available records.ResultsOf the 3275 biopsy evaluated, 61.9% were males, and mean age was 33.2 ± 14.2 years. 6.2% patients were elderly (age ≥ 60 years). Nephrotic syndrome (60.3%) was the commonest indication for biopsy. On histology, 73.0% patients had primary glomerulonephritis (GN), 15.5% secondary GN, 5.3% tubulo‐interstitial and 3.7% vascular disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the commonest primary GN accounting for 18.2% of all GNs, followed by minimal change disease (16.8%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (16.0%) and IgA nephropathy (10.4%). Lupus nephritis (10.6%) and amyloidosis (3.7%) were the commonest secondary GN. The commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome was minimal change disease (22.9%), acute nephritic syndrome was lupus nephritis (30.6%), rapidly progressive renal failure was pauci‐immune crescentic GN (24.5%). IgA nephropathy was the commonest etiology of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (26.3%) and gross haematuria (50%). About 60.9% patients of undetermined chronic kidney disease had glomerular diseases, and 13.6% had chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Lupus nephritis and acute cortical necrosis were significantly more common in females compared with males.ConclusionThis is one of the largest cohorts of kidney biopsies from India, and it delineates the unique features and differences in the pattern of kidney disease in our population.
Applicability of laboratory deficit‐based frailty index in predominantly older patients with end‐stage renal disease under chronic dialysis: A pilot test of its correlation with survival and self‐reported instruments
Authors: Chao Chia‐Ter , Huang Jenq‐Wen , Chiang Chih‐Kang , Hung Kuan‐Yu ,   COhort of GEriatric Nephrology in NTUH (COGENT) Study Group
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAimLaboratory deficit‐based frailty index (LFI) exhibited outcome‐prediction ability in the elderly, but not in those with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). We hypothesized that LFI results might have outcome correlation and correlate closely with other instruments in ESRD patients.MethodsWe prospectively enroled ESRD patients between 2014 and 2015 and administered self‐report frailty instruments (Strawbridge questionnaire, Edmonton frail scale (EFS), Groningen frailty indicator (GFI), Tilburg frailty indicator, G8 questionnaire and FRAIL scale), and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) scale, with two types of LFI calculated. They were followed up until June 30, 2017. Correlations between the results of six instruments, CHS scale, and those of LFI were identified, followed by Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and logistic regression analyses to compare those with high and low LFI.ResultsThe frailty prevalence was 33.3% (CHS), 78.8% Strawbridge questionnaire, 45.5% (EFS), 57.6% (GFI), 27.3% (Tilburg frailty indicator), 84.8% (G8) and 18.2% (FRAIL) among ESRD participants. LFI‐1 results were significantly correlated with those of LFI‐2 (P < 0.01), EFS (P = 0.04) and GFI (P < 0.01), while LFI‐2 results were not. Those with CHS or GFI‐identified frailty had significantly lower 1,25‐(OH)2‐D levels than those without. After 32.3 ± 5.4 months, patients with high LFI‐1 scores, but not LFI‐2, had a significantly higher mortality than those with lower scores. GFI and EFS scores were also independently associated with LFI‐1, while CHS scores exhibited borderline association only.ConclusionAmong a group of predominantly older ESRD patients, LFI differentiates patients with good and poor outcomes, supporting its applicability in these patients.
Nectary size is a pollination syndrome trait in Penstemon
Authors: Katzer Amanda M. , Wessinger Carolyn A. , Hileman Lena C. 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Evolution of complex phenotypes depends on the adaptive importance of individual traits, and the developmental changes required to modify traits. Floral syndromes are complex adaptations to pollinators that include color, nectar, and shape variation. Hummingbird‐adapted flowers have evolved a remarkable number of times from bee‐adapted ancestors in Penstemon, and previous work demonstrates that color over shape better distinguishes bee from hummingbird syndromes. Here, we examined the relative importance of nectar volume and nectary development in defining Penstemon pollination syndromes.

We tested the evolutionary association of nectar volume and nectary area with pollination syndrome across 19 Penstemon species. In selected species, we assessed cellular‐level processes shaping nectary size. Within a segregating population from an intersyndrome cross, we assessed trait correlations between nectar volume, nectary area, and the size of stamens on which nectaries develop.

Nectar volume and nectary area displayed an evolutionary association with pollination syndrome. These traits were correlated within a genetic cross, suggesting a mechanistic link. Nectary area evolution involves parallel processes of cell expansion and proliferation.

Our results demonstrate that changes to nectary patterning are an important contributor to pollination syndrome diversity and provide further evidence that repeated origins of hummingbird adaptation involve parallel developmental processes in Penstemon.