bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of screen-space directional occlusion algorithms
Authors: Wawrzonowski Marcin , Szajerman Dominik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Developers of video games and simulations from the day one have been trying to improve visuals of their products. The appearance of the scenes depends to a large extent on the approximation to the physical basis of light behaviour in the environments presented. The best effects in this regard are global illumination. However, it is too computationally expensive. One of the methods to simulate global illumination without a lot of processing is Screen-Space Ambient Occlusion. Many implementations of this technique were created, though few take into account direction and colour of the incoming light. An exception is a technique named SSDO – Screen-Space Directional Occlusion. Unfortunately, it suffers from the same drawbacks as its less realistic cousins, such as noise and banding while also remaining moderately expensive for computation. The main purpose of this paper is to optimize basic SSDO method using technique called Statistical Volumetric Obscurance, enhancing its performance while retaining plausible visual effect.
Autocorrelation functions: a useful tool for both state and detector characterisation
Authors: Chesi Giovanni , Allevi Alessia , Bondani Maria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The calculation of autocorrelation functions represents a routinely used tool to characterise quantum states of light. In this paper, we evaluate the g(2) function for detected photons in the case of mesoscopic multi-mode twin-beam states in order to fully investigate their statistical properties starting from measurable quantities. Moreover, we show that the second-order autocorrelation function is also useful to estimate the spurious effects affecting the employed Silicon-photomultiplier detectors.
Interactions between hydro-soluble degradation products from a radio-oxidized polyesterurethane and Eu(III) in contexts of repositories for low and intermediate level radioactive waste
Authors: Fromentin Elodie , Lebeau Diane , Bergounioux Alexandre , Ferry Muriel , Reiller Pascal E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The complexation of Eu(III) by hydro-soluble degradation products (HDPs) from a radio-oxidized polyesterurethane is investigated. The polyesterurethane Estane 5703® (PURe) is radio-oxidized at 1000 kGy with γ-rays at room temperature. The polymer is then hydrolysed by a simplified artificial cement pore water solution (pH 13.3) for 31 days at 60 °C. The HDPs within the leachate are characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ionic chromatography, and TOC analyser. The complexation of Eu(III) is studied by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (TRLS). The main HDPs are adipic acid – hexane-1,6-dioic acid – and butane-1,4-diol. Unlike HDPs from non-irradiated PURe, the HDPs from 1000 kGy γ-irradiated PURe do form complexes with Eu(III) at pH 13.3. Neither adipate nor butane-1,4-diol are responsible for this complexation. The existence of several types of complexes is evidenced by TRLS and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS): complexation reactions and operational constants are proposed. The complexes formed at high pH (from 10 to 13) are different from the lower pH complexes. The lower pH complexes are studied by ESI-MS and two ligands are identified: adipate and an oligomer.
Ageing of Zirconia Dedicated to Dental Prostheses for Bruxers Part 1: Influence of Accelerating Ageing for Surface Topography and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Nakonieczny Damian S. , Basiaga Marcin , Sambok Agata , Antonowicz Magdalena , Paszenda Zbigniew K. , Ziębowicz Anna , Krawczyk Cezary , Ziębowicz Bogusław , Lemcke Hubert , Kałużyński Piotr 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Zirconia is a commonly used ceramic for fixed full-ceramic restorations. Porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations applied for bruxers are often very quickly destroyed by this group of patients.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of accelerated aging tests on BruxZir HT 2.0 zirconia.
METHODS: Zirconia samples were prepared with ISO 13356:2013 and ISO 14704:2008 protocol recommendations. The ageing conditions were times of 2.5, 5 and 10 hours, and pressure of 0.2 MPa and a temperature of 134°C.
RESULTS: The correlation between ageing time and mechanical properties, particularly hardness, was difficult to find, while correlations between hardness and the surface topography and fracturing were clear.
CONCLUSION: On the basis of the conducted research, it can be stated that BruxZir HT 2.0 zirconia meets the technical requirements for medical grade zirconia used in dental technology. Future investigations should include phase composition research.
Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion block under ultrasound guidance promotes recovery of abducens nerve palsy caused by microvascular ischemia
Authors: Moon Sungho , Ko Myoungjin , Kim Sehun , Kim Hyojoong , Oh Daeseok 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The abducens nerve palsy is most likely caused by microvascular issue. Spontaneous recovery of vasculopathic abducens nerve palsies was common at 3–6 months. But recovery time was longer when many risk factors were present. Several patients had residual esotropia or abduction deficit. Cervical sympathetic block has an established use in treating patients with disorders related to cranial circulatory insufficiency. It causes a significant increase in cerebral blood flow. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with acute horizontal diplopia and right periocular pain. He had been diagnosed with right abducens nerve palsy caused by microvascular ischemia. We performed ultrasound-guided superior cervical sympathetic ganglion blocks. After 4 weeks, the symptoms had been completely resolved. We introduce ultrasound-guided superior cervical sympathetic ganglion blocks for management of abducens nerve palsy caused by microvascular ischemia, which could be an effective novel method to promote recovery from diplopia.
Local hyperalgesia, normal endogenous modulation with pain report beyond its origin: a pilot study prompting further exploration into plantar fasciopathy
Authors: Riel Henrik , Plinsinga Melanie L. , Mellor Rebecca , Boudreau Shellie A. , Vuvan Viana , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Persistent tendinopathies were previously considered solely as peripheral conditions affecting the local tendinous tissue until quantitative sensory testing identified involvement of altered pain processing. In similar fashion, pain in patients with persistent plantar fasciopathy may also involve more than local tissue. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate potential differences in conditioned pain modulation and pressure and thermal pain thresholds, between individuals with PF and healthy pain-free controls, as a precursor to a larger-scale study.

Methods
We assessed 16 individuals with plantar fasciopathy and 11 pain-free controls. Plantar fasciopathy diagnosis was: palpation pain of the medial calcaneal tubercle or the proximal plantar fascia, duration ≥3 months, pain intensity ≥2/10, and ultrasound-measured plantar fascia thickness ≥4 mm. Quantitative sensory tests were performed locally at the plantar heel and remotely on the ipsilateral elbow. Assessments included pain thresholds for pressure, heat and cold, and conditioned pain modulation measured as change in local resting pressure pain threshold with cold water hand immersion. Participants rated pain intensity at pain threshold. Additionally, the area and distribution of plantar fasciopathy pain was drawn on a digital body chart of the lower limbs. Descriptive analyses were performed and between-group differences/effects expressed as standardised mean differences (d).

Results
There was no conditioned pain modulation difference between participants with plantar fasciopathy and controls (d = 0.1). Largest effects were on local pressure pain threshold and reported pain intensity on pressure pain threshold (d > 1.8) followed by pain intensity for heat and cold pain thresholds (d = 0.3–1.5). According to the digital body chart, pain area extended beyond the plantar heel.

Conclusions
The unlikelihood of a difference in conditioned pain modulation yet a pain area extending beyond the plantar heel provide a basis for exploring altered pain processing in a larger-scale study.

Implications
This was the first study to investigate the presence of altered pain processing in individuals with plantar fasciopathy using a conditioned pain modulation paradigm and thermal pain thresholds. We found no indication of an altered pain processing based on these measures, however, patients rated pain higher on thresholds compared to controls which may be important to clinical practice and warrants further exploration in the future.
Herausforderungen der Temperaturmessung während des Rührreibschweißprozesses
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Krapf Gunter , Bergmann Jean-Pierre , Grätzel Michael , Gerken Jan Ansgar , Schmidt Kiril 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Bestimmung der Prozesszonentemperatur erlangt bei der Regelung und Überwachung des Rührreibschweißprozesses (FSW) eine zunehmende Relevanz. Gegenwärtig erfolgt die Temperaturmessung unter anderem durch Thermografie oder durch die Anwendung werkzeugintegrierter Temperaturfühler (meist Thermoelemente). Da diese nicht direkt an der Schweißstelle angebracht werden können, entstehen Messabweichungen sowie zeitliche Verzögerungen. Diese können auf die unterschiedlichen Wärmeableitungsvorgänge in das Werkzeug, die zu fügenden Werkstoffe und an die Umgebung zurückgeführt werden. Im Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur direkten Temperaturmessung auf Grundlage des thermoelektrischen Effektes sowie die dabei auftretenden Herausforderungen beschrieben. Mit diesem Verfahren kann eine direkte Temperaturmessung während des Prozesses erfolgen, ohne das Werkzeug mit zusätzlichen Temperaturfühlern zu versehen.
Flexural Response of UHPFRC Beams Reinforced with Steel Rebars
Authors: Pourbaba Masoud , Sadaghian Hamed , Mirmiran Amir 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article compares the flexural responses of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) specimens and their normal-strength concrete (NSC) counterparts through an experimental study. Four UHPFRC specimens reinforced with 2 % steel fiber (by total volume of concrete) with a length of 13 mm and a diameter of 0.2 mm were used with longitudinal steel rebars at different reinforcement ratios to determine their flexural responses. For comparative purposes, three NSC beams were also tested. Results were compared with relevant equations in the literature. Moreover, the fracture energy of the specimens was compared to provide a better understanding of the ductility in the two types of beams. Results showed better performance of UHPFRCs in terms of peak load, fracture energy, and moment capacity as compared with their NSC counterparts. Failure in UHPFRC specimens with high reinforcement ratios was dominated by shear-flexure patterns, while flexure patterns were dominant in specimens with low reinforcement ratios. Failure of NSC specimens, on the other hand, was characterized by shear, regardless of reinforcement ratio. Additionally, available equations for moment capacity of ultrahigh-performance concretes (UHPCs) appear too conservative, especially for higher reinforcement ratios. Lastly, statistical models were proposed to predict the load–displacement curves of UHPFRC dogbone and beam specimens, which fitted well with experimental results with correlations over 0.90.
Phased Diploid Genome Assemblies for Three Strains of Candida albicans from Oak Trees
Authors: Hamlin Jennafer A P , Dias Guilherme B , Bergman Casey M , Bensasson Douda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although normally a harmless commensal, Candida albicans, it is also one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections in the U.S. Candida albicans has long been considered an obligate commensal, however, recent studies suggest it can live outside animal hosts. Here, we have generated PacBio sequences and phased genome assemblies for three C. albicans strains from oak trees (NCYC 4144, NCYC 4145, and NCYC 4146). PacBio datasets are high depth (over 400 fold coverage) and more than half of the sequencing data are contained in reads longer than 15 kb. Primary assemblies showed high contiguity with several chromosomes for each strain recovered as single contigs, and greater than half of the alternative haplotype sequence was assembled in haplotigs at least 174 kb long. Using these assemblies we were able to identify structural polymorphisms, including a polymorphic inversion over 100 kb in length. These results show that phased de novo diploid assemblies for C. albicans can enable the study of genomic variation within and among strains of an important fungal pathogen.
Updated Genome Assembly and Annotation for Metrosideros polymorpha, an Emerging Model Tree Species of Ecological Divergence
Authors: Izuno Ayako , Wicker Thomas , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Copetti Dario , Shimizu Kentaro K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Accurate feature annotation as well as assembly contiguity are important requisites of a modern genome assembly. They allow large-scale comparison of genomes across and within species and identification of polymorphisms, leading evolutionary and functional studies. We report an updated genome resource for Metrosideros polymorpha, the most dominant tree species in the Hawaiian native forests and a unique example of rapid and remarkable ecological diversification of woody species. Ninety-one percent of the bases in the sequence assembly (304 Mb) were organized into 11 pseudo-molecules, which would represent the chromosome structure of the species assuming the synteny to a close relative Eucalyptus. Our complementary approach using manual annotation and automated pipelines identified 11.30% of the assembly to be transposable elements, in contrast to 4.1% in previous automated annotation. By increasing transcript and protein sequence data, we predicted 27,620 gene models with high concordance from the supplied evidence. We believe that this assembly, improved for contiguity, and annotation will be valuable for future evolutionary studies of M. polymorpha and closely related species, facilitating the isolation of specific genes and the investigation of genome-wide polymorphisms associated with ecological divergence.
Unpredictable Effects of the Genetic Background of Transgenic Lines in Physiological Quantitative Traits
Authors: Evangelou Amalia , Ignatiou Anastasia , Antoniou Chloi , Kalanidou Sofia , Chatzimatthaiou Sotiroula , Shianiou Gavriella , Ellina Soteroulla , Athanasiou Rafaella , Panagi Myrofora , Apidianakis Yiorgos , Pitsouli Chrysoula 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhysiology, fitness and disease phenotypes are complex traits exhibiting continuous variation in natural populations. To understand complex trait gene functions transgenic lines of undefined genetic background are often combined to assess quantitative phenotypes ignoring the impact of genetic polymorphisms. Here, we used inbred wild-type strains of the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel to assess the phenotypic variation of six physiological and fitness traits, namely, female fecundity, survival and intestinal mitosis upon oral infection, defecation rate and fecal pH upon oral infection, and terminal tracheal cell branching in hypoxia. We found continuous variation in the approximately 150 strains tested for each trait, with extreme values differing by more than four standard deviations for all traits. In addition, we assessed the effects of commonly used Drosophila UAS-RNAi transgenic strains and their backcrossed isogenized counterparts, in the same traits plus baseline intestinal mitosis and tracheal branching in normoxia, in heterozygous conditions, when only half of the genetic background was different among strains. We tested 20 non-isogenic strains (10 KK and 10 GD) from the Vienna Drosophila Resource Center and their isogenized counterparts without Gal4 induction. Survival upon infection and female fecundity exhibited differences in 50% and 40% of the tested isogenic vs. non-isogenic pairs, respectively, whereas all other traits were affected in only 10–25% of the cases. When 11 isogenic and their corresponding non-isogenic UAS-RNAi lines were expressed ubiquitously with Gal4, 4 isogenic vs. non-isogenic pairs exhibited differences in survival to infection. Furthermore, when a single UAS-RNAi line was crossed with the same Gal4 transgene inserted in different genetic backgrounds, the quantitative variations observed were unpredictable on the basis of pure line performance. Thus, irrespective of the trait of interest, the genetic background of commonly used transgenic strains needs to be considered carefully during experimentation.
Empowering character building-based education: Discourse analysis on official English textbook
Authors: Husna Nida , Lestari Tahnia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPancasila is the ideology of the nation and becomes the foundation of Indonesian characters. However, based on the reality, there were many Indonesian’s characters that are far below expectation of the standard in Butir-butir Pancasila (Items of Pancasila), as a further explanation of the values in Pancasila. Therefore, it is needed to introduce of Pancasila and its 45 items in our formal education system. Textbook still become the primary media formal education schools. By assessing several books which were published by distinguished publishers and used in schools, it was found that they included only a very few of those items. This study was held to know if character points of Pancasila which Indonesian learners need to know have been included in the textbooks titled When English Rings the Bell: Buku Siswa and When English Rings the Bell: Buku Guru which were officially published by the Educational and Cultural Ministry of Indonesia and used the primary textbook in models schools as the implementation of Kurikulum 2013. The findings showed that as the official textbook has adequate number of Pancasila items in it. However, the teachers’ role was still the most important factor to make those items were known and can be applied.AbstrakPancasila adalah ideologi bangsa dan menjadi fondasi karakter Indonesia. Namun, berdasarkan kenyataan, ada banyak karakter Indonesia yang jauh di bawah ekspektasi standar dalam Item Pancasila, sebagai penjelasan lebih lanjut tentang nilai-nilai dalam Pancasila. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk memperkenalkan Pancasila dan 45 poinnya dalam sistem pendidikan formal kita. Buku teks masih menjadi media pendidikan formal sekolah dasar. Dengan menilai beberapa buku yang diterbitkan oleh penerbit terkemuka dan digunakan di sekolah-sekolah, ditemukan bahwa mereka hanya memasukkan sedikit dari barang-barang itu. Penelitian ini diadakan untuk mengetahui apakah poin-poin karakter Pancasila yang perlu diketahui oleh pelajar Indonesia telah dimasukkan dalam buku teks berjudul When English Rings the Bell: Books Student and When English Rings the Bell: Books's Teacher yang secara resmi diterbitkan oleh the Educational and Kementerian Kebudayaan Indonesia dan menggunakan buku teks utama di sekolah-sekolah model sebagai implementasi dari Kurikulum 2013. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sebagai buku teks resmi memiliki jumlah beberapa poin Pancasila yang memadai di dalamnya. Namun, peran guru masih merupakan faktor terpenting untuk membuat item-item itu diketahui dan dapat diterapkan. How to Cite : Husna, N., Kamar, T. L.. (2019). Empowering Character Building-Based Education: an Evaluation on Official English Textbook. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 6(1), 58-68. doi:10.15408/tjems.v6i1.10354.
The effect of Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract on cytokines profile in the condition of alkali burn esophagus 2 degree
Authors: Raetska Yana , Dmytryk Viktor , Chornenka Nataliia , Halenova Tetiana , Raksha Nataliia , Vovk Tetiana , Savchuk Olexiy , Ostapchenko Ludmila 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: As a result of alkaline substances entering the esophagus wall, necrosis occurs, as well as destruction of the mucous, submucosal and muscular layers of the esophagus. The cellular immune system plays an important role in regulating the various phases of the wound healing process, during which, depending on the time and through specific adhesion interactions, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes penetrate the site of the trauma and lead to an intensive proliferation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. The substances of natural origins based on polyphenolic compounds are possible as a remedy for the normalization of physiological and biochemical parameters in a condition of various pathologies. Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract (PVPE) are an example of a rich source of bioactive compounds with proven human health benefits. Our results revealed imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in esophageal homogenates in rats with alkali burn of esophagus II degree, which can indicate a prolonged inflammation in the burned area. In the groups of animals with the alkaline burn of the esophagus, that were injected extract there can be traced a change of the indicators in the direction of normalization, indicating about the therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of pods of Phaseolus vulgaris.
Objective: The cellular immune system plays an important role in regulating the various phases of the wound healing process, and can be used as a marker of pathological post-burn wound healing, Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract (PVPE) are an example of a rich source of bioactive compounds with proven human health benefits. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in cytokines levels in rat esophageal supernatants in the condition of alkali burn esophagus second degree (AEB 2) and treatment with Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract.
Material and Methods: The animals were experimentally simulated with the alkali esophageal burn with 20% (grade II) solvent of NaOH. Levels of cytokines in esophageal tissue homogenates were done by ELISA.
Results: In the present study, we investigate the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in esophageal homogenates in rats with AEB 2, which can indicate a prolonged inflammation in the burned area. In the groups of animals with the AEB 2, that were injected extract there can be traced a change of the indicators in the direction of normalization.
Conclusion: The administration of the extract, in conditions of alkaline burn of the esophagus, contributes change of the indicators in the direction of normalization indicating the therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of pods of Phaseolus vulgaris.