bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slide Drilling Guidance System for Directional Drilling Path Optimization
Authors: Pehlivantürk Can , D'Angelo John , Cao Dingzhou , Chen Dongmei , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Van Oort Eric 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The amount of uncertainty related to directional drilling makes it challenging to accurately model and predict the results of drilling actions, leaving much to human know-how and interpretation. Additionally, few path planning methods in the literature consider the directional steering tool being used which results in a loss of optimality when sliding and rotating instructions are fitted on a geometric optimal path. The formulation of the optimization problem varies greatly between rotary steerable systems (RSS) and mud-motor configurations. Additional cost functions and constraints are present for mud-motor use, which significantly increases the problem complexity. A slide drilling guidance system is proposed to combat this issue and to help automate directional drilling. The guidance system leverages three main modules. The first is a computationally efficient, non-linear wellbore propagation model. The second is a set of cost functions that aims to quantitatively represent the actual value of the well, representing production loss, drilling time, completion cost, and wellbore quality. The last module is a Genetic Algorithm (GA) solver that generates sets of optimal drilling instructions. The guidance system is built into a software package that utilizes an intuitive, easily-accessible Graphical User Interface (GUI) to be an effective advisory tool for the directional driller. The software is currently being implemented into the Real Time Drilling (RTD) system by an operator.
Real Time MPD Optimization in Challenging Scenarios
Authors: Siqueira Vanni Guilherme , Alonso Fernandes André , Tacio Teixeira Gleber , Vieira Martins Lage Antonio Carlos , Leibsohn Martins André , de Souza Terra Felipe , de Souza Cruz Marcelo , Rodrigues G. da Silva Fabio , Édio Dannenhauer Cristiano 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Given the complexity related to deepwater drilling with narrow operational windows, any effort to increase the confidence on the safety guidelines should be encouraged. There are many procedures in MPD operations that can be verified and validated during the operations, in order to avoid unforeseen situations.
As initiatives to optimize the drilling process in real time are extremely important, the present study focuses on the development of specific methodologies to support MPD operations, which are implemented on a real time drilling diagnosis software [5].
It is very useful to review the drilling plan in various situations. With the use of MPD monitoring module is possible to obtain, from the DPPT (Dynamic Pore Pressure Test) and DFIT (Dynamic Formation Integrity Test) procedures, more precise values to compose the operating window. As a consequence of appliying it together with precise hydraulics, cutting transport and torque and drag models, the developed methodology proposes, as output, the ideal operating parameters, such as choke pressure, pump flow rate or adjustments related to the drilling fluid properties. The methodology always considers the best approach to meet the restrictions imposed by the operational window, avoiding drilling problems. Alternatively, if a change on the operating parameters is not sufficient, it also simulates the best position for the Anchor Point.
The developed methodology was successfully applied in a number of MPD wells recently drilled in distinct deepwater locations, in Brazil. The real time optimization procedures proposed in the present paper are a further step to ensure the reliability of MPD operations in challenging scenarios, aiming enhanced efficiency and safety.
Improving Accuracy of Well Depth and ROP
Authors: Kyllingstad Åge , Thoresen Karl Erik 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a theory and formulas for correction of the drillstring length as a function of loads, such as tension force, fluid pressures and temperature. The effects being specifically addressed are static and dynamic tensional stretch, pressure ballooning, hydrostatic shortening, flow lift shortening, and thermal expansion. Many of these corrections increase progressively with the drillstring length and the sum of all correction can reach several meters for long drillstrings.
The corrected, load dependent drillstring length is the key to estimate both the measured well depth and the short-term rate of penetration (ROP) more accurately. Accurate short-term ROP is important both for calculating mechanical specific energy (MSE) and for monitoring and optimization of the drilling process.
Real-Time Drilling Advisor Appstore – An Agile Development and Deployment Program
Authors: Liu Yu , Wu Xianping , Baumgartner Theresa , Zimpfer Douglas , Wedgwood Denver , Teff Cody , Zhu Jiaqi , Jia Yuying , Zhao Yucheng , Tao Lei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the new wave of digitization, real-time advisory mode drilling data analytics is both an intermediate step to achieve long term vision of autonomous drilling and an agile response to the need of delivering beyond best in class wells. An operator has constructed an agile program for drilling data analytics to lead the development of analytics solutions, deployment to collect business values, and handover to productization. The product under development is a Real-Time Drilling Advisor (RTDA) Appstore, which is both an R&D template for prototyping and a hosting environment for rapid field trials and early deployments.
The RTDA Appstore consists of a witsml data pipeline, template of drilling data analytics functionalities, modularized computational kernels, machine learning packages for historical data analysis, an in-memory database for both historical and real-time processed data, customized drilling visualization widgets, and an open-source web app deployment framework. A hybrid methodology combining conventional engineering practice, data-driven approaches, novel visualization formats, and physics-based modeling is adopted to develop real-time data analytics solutions. It focuses on three areas: failure detection, performance improvement, and advisory directional drilling. A list of applications and features in the RTDA Appstore includes: interactive offset data map, drilling parameter roadmap, drilling efficiency monitoring, bit/reamer wear prediction, smart torque/drag, payzone tracking, auto slide sheets, sliding KPI, real-time casing wear, real-time BIC benchmarking, etc.
So far, about 30 wells of the company's Deepwater wells and about 150 of the company's unconventional wells were drilled using RTDA applications. RTDA deployments generated time and cost savings through early warnings or bespoke visualization of information for improved decision making. The RTDA Appstore is built in-house and thus provides flexibility and modularization options and heavily focused on the analytics layer. The agile program creates an interactive channel to not only meet business demand, but also to use feedback from operations to steer the digital R&D strategy. As the half open-source nature of this program, the digital capability cultivated through the development and deployment of RTDA will also be cascaded to local wells teams through format of digital training, code repository, and a single portal Appstore.
Dump, Condition, Dilute: Utilizing High Voltage Technology to Extract Solids from Drilling Fluid
Authors: Chandler Kody , Dykalski Michael , Wolfe John , Frisky Sean , Duffy William 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents data from a full-scale field trial on multiple drilling rig sites. On these sites high voltage technology (HVT) was utilized to process invert emulsion drilling fluids (IEF). HVT was developed and deployed for the removal of drilled solids, conditioning the fluid back to a targeted density or to a state close to base-oil quality. This process assists in minimizing dilution and waste, while maximizing cost savings.
To start the process, a set volume of IEF was either "dumped" from the circulating system or recovered by secondary recovery equipment, such as drying shakers. This volume was then processed with the HVT to a desired condition (i.e. density) dictated by the drill site manager or drilling fluids engineer. The conditioned IEF was then reintroduced into the active mud system as dilution or refined make-up volume. The methods in the field trial applied standard calculations from the API RP 13B-2. Results for IEF processing rates, fluid properties, volumes treated, recovered volumes, and subsequent waste volumes are represented graphically. Detailed explanations and illustrations of trends are included.
Over the course of the six-month trial, the HVT processed volumes in three different modes. All produced positive separation results, which were verified with third party analysis. The application of each mode was dependent upon the IEF property objectives and the time frame window for processing. The HVT successfully and consistently achieved targeted IEF densities with improved fluid quality (i.e. decreased low gravity solids content) and minimal waste volumes. Additionally, the HVT achieved IEF densities close to or below 7.0 pounds per gallon (ppg), which illustrates a state of near base-oil quality. Key operational factors were found to influence HVT performance. These included proper flow pressure, processing time windows, IEF emulsion stability, and the migration of the separated solids within the HVT unit.
Prediction of Penetration Rate Ahead of the Bit through Real-Time Updated Machine Learning Models
Authors: Li Yuanjun , Samuel Robello 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rate of penetration (ROP) in petroleum engineering refers to the speed of forward motion of the drilling tools during the drilling process. This is an important parameter that has long been optimized for maximization, keeping in mind human, safety, and environmental factors along with consideration to downhole tools. Its importance is validated by estimating the drilling. Longer estimates of drilling time translate to increased costs.
Drilling costs are affected mainly due to the following contributing factors: non-productive time, idle time, and invisible time. Attempts have been made to reduce these times to reduce costs. Simultaneously the time taken for drilling can also be reduced by effectively increasing the ROP. Drilling depths, on average are between 5,000 to 10,000 feet, coupled with a formation that has complex properties are major factors contributing to non-productive time covering a high proportion of drilling time. Thus, a large non-productive time leads to longer drilling cycles, and eventually, a low ROP.
In an attempt to reduce the non-productive time, there is a need to optimize the ROP. Higher ROP facilitates a decrease in time and thus costs.
In this paper, ROP is effectively predicted using artificial neural networks not at the surface, but at the bit. The artificial neural network has several advantages that overcome the limitations of the conventional models. By effectively predicting ROP, estimation of the whole drilling process time and cost, identification of specific reasons that slow down the drilling process are possible, and proper measures to avoid these issues can be implemented. The target of any ROP optimization strategy should be to have the highest ROP mechanically possible, considering human health, safety, and environment, and factoring in conditions of the well and drilling state.
Curing stick-slip: Eureka.
Authors: Dwars Sicco , Lien Morten , Øydna Søren , Baumgartner Theresa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This work investigates the results of the first deployment in the industry of technology Z on an offshore drilling rig with a heavy top drive. The study uses a quantitative analysis of downhole data to confirm the benefits of Z.
Z expands the stick-slip free operating envelope and does not require tuning. Following a dozen or so Z land rig deployments since 2015, the technology was added to a heavy offshore rig, a newbuilt, with modern hi-end variable frequency drives that enable near-zero control loop latencies. A study validates the effectiveness of the system with downhole rotary speed data.
The Z system was used for multiple sections in the Barents Sea, where the overburden traditionally causes troublesome torsional vibrations. The users of the technology gave a positive feedback from their first experiences. This work aims to verify qualitative surface observations with a quantitative analysis of downhole data. Downhole sensors captured the dynamics of multiple locations in the drill string over the course of about 3 weeks. Stick-slip severity was quantified using downhole rotary speed data. Periods when Z was turned on were compared to periods when Z was turned off.
Toward Seamless Interoperability Between Real-Time Drilling Management and Control Applications
Authors: Cayeux Eric , Daireaux Benoît , Saadallah Nejm , Alyaev Sergey 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Real-time signals exchanged during a drilling operation are in constant evolution and provided by multiple stakeholders that have distinct perspectives on the drilling process. To achieve an improved drilling management and control, it is desirable that real-time drilling data can be exchanged seamlessly without necessitating any human intervention to configure software applications.
By utilizing a shared drilling semantic model, drilling data-producers can expose the meaning of their real-time signals in a computer readable format. On the other hand, data-consumer applications can discover programmatically which data streams are the most appropriate for their functioning, therefore achieving seamless interoperability. This paper presents a drilling semantic framework that allows software solutions to achieve automatic and versatile self-configuration. Yet, the data exchange performances are compatible with the requirements of high-end applications involved in the management and control of drilling operations.
The semantic framework relies on few but important concepts for the drilling domain. It allows to qualify the physical quantity associated with the signal, to define its dimensionality and to specify necessary references. Another important notion is the differentiation between measurements, set-points, commands, estimated values, parameters, etc. Derived measurements are explicitly described as a function of direct ones. The semantic definition encompasses how signals are related to each other in a semantical network. Relationships between signals and their logical position, in a topological description of the drilling system, are also important. Finally, the conditional validity of signals may be semantically described.
A semantical model for drilling is presented together with its implementation in the OPC-UA real-time data exchange standard and will be made available to the drilling community for free usage.
Combining Drilling Big Data and Machine Learning Method to Improve the Timeliness of Drilling
Authors: Zhao Ying , Sun Ting , Yang Jin , Yin Qishuai , Wei Hongshu , Liu Zhengli , Li Zhong , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
For an oil well, we can determine the working conditions of drilling wells and whether there is an accident by logging data. However, it takes a long time to analyze logging curves by traditional manual work. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method combining logging big data (BD) and machine learning (ML), which can train and study a large number of logging curves and form a data base. Then this data base can be used to judge the working conditions of the well being drilled and whether there is an accident automatically.
In the proposed method, firstly, due to the large span of data and different detection methods, there will be some differences in data accuracy, so the data need to be preprocessed to avoid these influences. Secondly, the preprocessed data is input into the artificial intelligence method, and trained by cyclic iterations; meanwhile the rule of judging working conditions is also learned from the data. Thirdly, we get a training set containing all kinds of working conditions and common accidents through artificial intelligence learning method. Finally, the logging data that need to judge is input into the training set after preprocessing, and then we can determine the working conditions and whether there is an accident according to the output of the procedure.
For the proposed method, we used the logging data of Bohai Oilfield to verify that a total of 200 logging data including 4 conditions were preprocessed and input to the artificial intelligence method to randomly generate a training set (160 sets) and the test set (40 groups) is output after the training set. The results show that the relative error of the four kinds of working conditions output by the proposed method is less than 5%, and the average calculation time is faster than traditional method, saving a lot of manual processing time.
This article introduces the methods of big data and artificial intelligence into the field of drilling, which have been tested by actual data. The time for judging drilling conditions by manpower can be greatly saved, and the common accidents during drilling can be found in time, which show that this method is of great significance.
Evaluation of the Elevated Temperature Performance and Degradation Mechanisms of Thread Compounds
Authors: Ernens Dennis , Westerwaal Diana , Roijmans Roel F. , van Riet Egbert J. , Daegling Stefan , Wheatley Alan , Worthington Edward , Kramer Henk , Van Haaften Willem Maarten , De Rooij Matthijn Bas , Pasaribu Henry Rihard 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Thread compounds play an important role in the sealing ability of casing connections in the oil and gas industry. Next to their lubricating role during assembly, most of these thread compounds make use of nonbiodegradable or persistent particle additives to aid in the sealing ability. Soon, these additives need to be replaced by benign alternatives as agreed in the proceedings of the Oslo-Paris Commission. This is, however, a challenge in high temperature (&gt;150°C) well environments. This paper presents an investigation of the high temperature failure mechanisms of thread compounds with the aim to develop biodegradable high temperature resistant thread compounds. To this end, the performance of commercially available, environmentally acceptable thread compounds was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high temperature rheometry and high temperature pin-on-disc experiments. The compounds are assessed on their stability, consistency, lubricity, and the resulting wear at high temperature. The results indicated that, without exception the commercially available thread compounds investigated in this study fail by adhesive and/or abrasive wear at around 150 degrees Celsius because of thermally induced degradation. To remedy this and to validate the mechanisms, a prototype thread compound was developed which exhibits strong film forming. The conclusion is that a successful high temperature resistant environmentally acceptable thread compound can likely be developed. The key property of this thread compound should be the ability to form a tribofilm during make-up which protects the surface at a later stage when the lubricant has lost its consistency and the base oil is fully evaporated.
Quenching of Self-Excited Vibrations in Multi Degree-of-Freedom Systems: Application to Stick-Slip Mitigation in Drilling
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ganesh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Surface-based damping mechanisms are the most commonly used method to mitigate stick-slip vibration in drilling systems, and their parameters are typically chosen based on low-order models of the drilling system. Field experience indicates that these low-order models do not capture all deformation mechanisms, and there is a need to include higher-order modes of deformation in the model. As a result, it is also imperative to delineate the effect of the surface damping mechanism on the higher-order modes of deformation, and vice versa. This work investigates this interplay using a combination of analytical methods, numerical simulations, and field data analysis.
The effect of surface-based damping mechanisms, in principle, is similar to that of vibration absorbers used to quench self-excited oscillations in nonlinear systems. Therefore, to determine the stability of the drilling system as a function of the surface damper parameters, a torsional model of the drillstring with a negative damping boundary condition at the bit is considered. For this system, the stability chart determining the rate of growth of amplitude of the natural modes as a function of the surface damper parameters is shown to depend on the operational parameters and on the configuration of the drillstring. These analytical observations are then evaluated using transient numerical simulations of a coupled axial-torsional model of the drillstring, with a realistic bit-rock interaction law. Finally, the efficacy of the analytical and numerical model in reproducing field results is demonstrated by analyzing downhole rotational speeds of the bit acquired using high-frequency data acquisition sensors.
The results described in this paper provide a mechanism to determine the effect of the surface damper parameters on the higher-order dynamics of the drilling systems, and provide a rationale to determine consistent damping parameters that do not adversely affect the higher-order dynamics of drilling systems.
The Specialty of Push-the-Bit Rotary Steerable Tool Dynamics
Authors: Xue Qilong , Huang Leilei , Wang Jin , Li Lixin , Liu Baolin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Drillstring vibrations are an important cause of premature failure of drillstring components and drilling inefficiency, in particular, torsional vibration is more important. A large amount of research on torsional drillstring vibrations has been conducted in the last few decades. Stick/slip is a severe type of torsional drillstring oscillation that affects the efficiency of the drilling process and can cause bit damage as well as drillstring failure.
For rotary steerable system (RSS), the stick-slip vibration is introduced as a new mechanism to explain the large amplitude torsional oscillation of the drillstring. we aim for an improved understanding of the causes for torsional vibrations in RSS and torsional vibrations with and without stick-slip are observed.
We show that the RSS implementing agencies pushing the borehole wall caused the drill bit torsional vibration more serious. The results contribute to the better understanding of the dynamics of the push-the-bit RSS. Chaotic vibration is mainly caused by elasticity of the drillstring and changing frictional forces at the bottom tool, static frictional forces are higher than the kinetic frictional forces which make the bit act in a manner where it sticks and then slips, and presents complex dynamic behavior, which makes down-hole dynamic responses difficult to predict.
In the Rotary Steerable System (RSS), frictional force between the pads and borehole wall will make the drill bit instantaneous rotational speed reduces. The pads of the implementing agencies in RSS constantly pushed against the borehole wall, making bottom hole by a cycle of nonlinear damping force, which is lead to the bottom drilling tool movement of chaos and disorder.