bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Myth of Hukou: Re-examining Hukou’s Implications for China’s Development Model
Authors: Chen Ying 
Published: October 2018

The hukou system is typically treated as an institutional base for rural-urban chasm in the literature regarding internal migration in China. However, these works rarely separate hukou’s social impacts from those caused by the changes in the economic system itself. With a review of historical policy documents, data on migration from rural to urban sectors, agricultural output and industrial output growth, I argue that hukou is in fact a rather neutral and passive legislation in the sense that it can perform opposite functions depending on the particular economic system it is operating under. This paper calls for bringing the concept of economic system back to the center of the discussion regarding development models. JEL Classification: O15, D63
Islam et idéologie au cinéma : prototypes, stéréotypes et économie politique
Authors: Touzani Mourad , Hirschman Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2018

Résumé La diffusion, à des fins marketing, d’images controversées représentant l’islam dans les pays occidentaux a récemment eu comme conséquence plusieurs décès. Il serait opportun que les chercheurs en comportement du consommateur s’intéressent à l’impact sociétal de ces représentations qui sont idéologiquement chargées. Notre recherche analyse et interprète les stéréotypes liés aux musulmans dans les films américains, en mobilisant un cadre qui intègre des notions d’économie politique et des perspectives coloniales/postcoloniales occidentales.
Evaluating a Culturally Tailored HIV Risk Reduction Intervention Among Hispanic Women Delivered in a Real-World Setting by Community Agency Personnel
Authors: Peragallo Montano Nilda , Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Natalia , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa , Williams Weston O. , de Tantillo Lila 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of Salud, Educación, Prevención, y Autocuidad/Health, Education, Prevention and Self-care (SEPA) to increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention behaviors for Hispanic women delivered in a real-world setting. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Participants were recruited from the Miami Refugee Center, the Florida Department of Health, and public locations in Miami. Participants: Three hundred twenty Hispanic women. Intervention: The SEPA is a culturally tailored intervention developed to address HIV/STI risk behaviors among Hispanic women. The SEPA intervention consisted of three 2.5 hour sessions per week conducted with small groups. The SEPA sessions consisted of group discussions, role playing, negotiation skills, partner communication, and skills building as part of the methodology. Measures: Acculturation, HIV/STI risk behaviors, HIV knowledge, partner communication, intimate partner violence, drug/alcohol use, condom use. Analysis: Differences at baseline by group were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2, and a negative-binomial model. Changes in dependent variables, compared to baseline, were analyzed in separate models. Log-binomial models and negative binomial models were used for dichotomous and count/rate-type dependent variables. Results: Significant outcome improvements were observed in the SEPA group at 6 and 12 months follow-up. The adjusted prevalence of any condom use was 30% and 37% higher at each follow-up. The adjusted prevalence of answering 10/12 HIV knowledge questions correctly rose by 57% and 63% at each follow-up. Intimate partner violence was significantly lower at each subsequent time point (62% and 41% of baseline). Moderate depressive symptoms were reduced to 50% and 42%, getting drunk was reduced to 20% and 30%, and condom use self-efficacy was significantly higher (84% and 96%). Conclusion: The SEPA intervention reduced HIV/STI risk-related behaviors when delivered in a real-world setting. The results suggest that SEPA can be implemented in various settings to reach Hispanic women, and that SEPA could reach large numbers of women in an efficient, cost-effective way.
Trends in Urgent Care Utilization Following Ankle Fracture Fixation
Authors: Abousayed Mostafa M. , Johnson Christopher K. , Moral Muhammad , Sternbach Sarah , Rosenbaum Andrew J. 
Published: October 2018

Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) have implemented initiatives to improve postdischarge care and reduce unnecessary readmissions. Readmissions within 30 days are frequent and represent an economic burden on both patients and the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and causes for urgent care visits within 30 days of discharge after ankle open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and determine factors correlated with such visits. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. All patients who underwent ankle ORIF at our institution between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017, were included. Patients were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for ankle ORIF. Patients’ demographics including age, sex, race, body mass index, occupation, insurance payer, and comorbidities were documented. Results: Thirty-five patients (10.51%) had urgent care visits within 30 days of discharge. Patients presented at a mean of 11.8 days after the day of surgery. Sixteen patients (45.71%) had cast/splint-related issues, 7 (20%) presented with pain, and 7 (20%) with increased operative site drainage. Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between postoperative urgent care visits and patients with diabetes ( P = .03) or underlying psychiatric disorders ( P = .03). Conclusion: In this population study of patients undergoing ankle fracture surgery, we found that the rate of urgent care visits within 30 days of discharge exceeded the rate of inpatient readmission. Additionally, patients with diabetes and psychiatric disorders were significantly more likely to present to an urgent care facility postoperatively, potentially accounting for increased expenditures of the healthcare system. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Non-surgical management of congenital ichthyosis using hyaluronic acid gel injection
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Dave Tarjani Vivek , Madhuri Bejanki Kavya , Tiple Sweety , Naik Milind N 
Published: October 2018

Aim: To test if hyaluronic acid gel injection in the upper eyelid achieves correction of congenital cicatricial ectropion and reduction in lagophthalmos, in preparation for intraocular surgery. Methods: This case reports the long-term outcome of hyaluronic acid gel injection in the upper eyelid for the correction of ectropion prior to cataract surgery. One millilitre of hyaluronic acid gel was injected in both the upper eyelids of a child with congenital ichthyosis in the suborbicularis plane, prior to cataract surgery. Results: Lagophthalmos reduced by 15 mm in the right eye and 13 mm in the left eye. Subsequently, the child underwent cataract surgery without any complications. Conclusion: We demonstrate the long-term outcome of using hyaluronic acid gel injection for successful, non-surgical correction of cicatricial ectropion in ichthyosis.
Assessment of oxygen-uptake efficiency slope in healthy children and children with heart disease: Generation of appropriate reference values for the OUES variable
Authors: Hossri Carlos AC , Souza Isabela PM Alves de , de Oliveira Joana ST , Mastrocola Luiz E 
Published: October 2018

Background Oxygen-uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is an objective measure of functional capacity that does not require a maximal effort but is considerably dependent on anthropometric variables and requires the generation of an appropriate reference value in children. This study aimed to establish normal reference values for OUES/kg in children with and without congenital heart diseases. Besides that, reference values are presented secondarily for OUES per body surface area (OUES/BSA). Design Cross-sectional. Methods Six hundred and seventy-six children and adolescents performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (305 healthy controls and 371 individuals with congenital heart defect), between four and 21 years old (481 males and 195 females, with a mean age of 12 years). Results The OUES reference value for the classification of children and adolescents with normal functional capacity (>80% of predicted maximum oxygen uptake) was 34.63 (sensitivity 77% and specificity 83%, p < 0.05). Regarding the body surface area, considering healthy patients and those with heart disease, the cutoff value of the OUES/BSA was 1151 with sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 79%. Conclusions OUES/kg may be an important marker tool in the differentiation between preserved or abnormal functional capacity in children and adolescents with and without congenital heart disease, even at the submaximal level of exercise.
Exercise physiology in pulmonary hypertension patients with and without congenital heart disease
Authors: Righini Francesca M , Apostolo Anna , Heck Pinar B , Farina Stefania , Hager Alfred , Correale Michele , Badagliacca Roberto , Barbieri Simone , Sciomer Susanna , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing allows the assessment of integrative cardiopulmonary response to exercise.AimsThe aim of the study was to better understand the exercise physiology in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to adult congenital heart disease compared to non-adult congenital heart disease patients by means of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters.MethodsThe present is a multicentre retrospective study which includes pulmonary hypertension group 1 and group 4 patients. All subjects underwent full clinical and instrumental evaluation, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing and right heart catheterization.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-seven pulmonary hypertension patients (93 women and 74 men, 57 adult congenital heart disease and 110 non-adult congenital heart disease) were enrolled. Adult congenital heart disease patients had higher pulmonary pressure (mean pulmonary arterial pressure: 59.8 ± 19.5 mmHg vs 44.6 ± 16.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and lower pulmonary blood flow (pulmonary blood flow: 3.3 (2.1–4.3) l/min vs 4.5 (3.8–5.4) l/min, p < 0.001). At cardiopulmonary exercise testing they had lower peak oxygen uptake/kg (12.8 ± 3.8 ml/kg/min vs 15.5 ± 4.2 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001) and higher ventilation/carbon dioxide elimination slope (53.2 (43.3–64.8) vs 44.0 (34.6–51.6), p < 0.001). When patients were paired for gender and peak oxygen uptake ( ± 1 ml/kg/min), obtaining 44 pairs, adult congenital heart disease patients had higher pulmonary pressure (mean pulmonary arterial pressure: 58.4 ± 20.2 mmHg vs 42.8 ± 16.8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and ventilation/carbon dioxide elimination slope (51.2 (43.4–63.6) vs 44.9 (35.4–55.1), p = 0.033).ConclusionsIn pulmonary arterial hypertension-adult congenital heart disease patients, pulmonary pressure and ventilation/carbon dioxide elimination slope are higher compared to non-adult congenital heart disease pulmonary hypertension patients, while pulmonary blood flow and peak oxygen uptake are lower. After matching patients for gender and peak oxygen uptake, pulmonary pressure and ventilation/carbon dioxide elimination remain higher in adult congenital heart disease patients suggesting that the long-term adaptation to high pulmonary pressure, hypoxia and low pulmonary blood flow, as well as a persisting shunt has, at least partially, preserved exercise performance of pulmonary arterial hypertension-adult congenital heart disease patients.
Assessment and Early Management of Pain in Hip Fractures: The Impact of Paracetamol
Authors: Dixon Ján , Ashton Fiona , Baker Paul , Charlton Karl , Bates Charlotte , Eardley William 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: As the number of patients sustaining hip fractures increases, interventions aimed at improving patient comfort and reducing complication burden acquire increased importance. Frailty, cognitive impairment, and difficulty in assessing pain control characterize this population. In order to inform future care, a review of pain assessment and the use of preoperative intravenous paracetamol (IVP) is presented. Materials and Methods: Systematic review of preoperative IVP administration in patients presenting with a hip fracture. Results: Intravenous paracetamol is effective in the early management of pain control in the hip fracture population. There is a considerable decrease in use of breakthrough pain medications when compared with other pain relief modalities. Additionally, IVP reduces the incidence of opioid-induced complications, reduces length of stay, and lowers mean pain scores. Another significant finding of this study is the poor administration of all analgesics to patients with hip fracture with up to 72% receiving no prehospital analgesia. Discussion: The potential benefits of IVP as routine in the early management of hip fracture-related pain are clear. Studies of direct comparison between analgesia regimes to inform optimum bundles of analgesic care are sparse. This study highlights the need for properly constructed pathway-driven comparator studies of contemporary analgesia regimes, with IVP as a central feature to optimize pain control and minimize analgesia-related morbidity in this vulnerable population.
Can we predict tuberculosis cure? What tools are available?
Authors: Goletti Delia , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Scriba Thomas J. , Anthony Richard , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Alonzi Tonino , Denkinger Claudia M. , Cobelens Frank 
Published: October 2018

Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis takes ≥6 months, putting a major burden on patients and health systems in large parts of the world. Treatment beyond 2 months is needed to prevent tuberculosis relapse by clearing remaining, drug-tolerantMycobacterium tuberculosisbacilli. However, the majority of patients treated for only 2–3 months will cure without relapse and do not need prolonged treatment. Assays that can identify these patients at an early stage of treatment may significantly help reduce the treatment burden, while a test to identify those patients who will fail treatment may help target host-directed therapies.In this review we summarise the state of the art with regard to discovery of biomarkers that predict relapse-free cure for pulmonary tuberculosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning to measure pulmonary inflammation enhances our understanding of “cure”. Several microbiological and immunological markers seem promising; however, they still need a formal validation. In parallel, new research strategies are needed to generate reliable tests.
Sertraline in symptomatic chronic breathlessness: a double blind, randomised trial
Authors: Currow David C. , Ekström Magnus , Louw Sandra , Hill Julie , Fazekas Belinda , Clark Katherine , Davidson Patricia M. , McDonald Christine , Sajkov Dimitar , McCaffrey Nikki , Doogue Matthew , Abernethy Amy P. , Agar Meera 
Published: October 2018

Does sertraline provide symptomatic relief for chronic breathlessness in people with advanced disease whose underlying cause(s) are optimally treated?223 participants with chronic breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale ≥2) who had optimal treatment of underlying cause(s) were randomised 1:1 to sertraline 25–100 mg (titrated upwards over 9 days) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion who had an improvement in intensity of current breathlessness >15% from baseline on a 100-mm visual analogue scale.The proportion of people responding to sertraline was similar to placebo for current breathlessness on days 26–28 (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.71–1.40) and for other measures of breathlessness. Quality of life in the sertraline arm had a higher likelihood of improving than in the placebo arm over the 4 weeks (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.01–0.41; p=0.044). No differences in performance status, anxiety and depression, or survival were observed. Adverse event rates were similar between arms.Sertraline does not appear to provide any benefit over placebo in the symptomatic relief of chronic breathlessness in this patient population.
Randomised controlled trials in severe asthma: selection by phenotype or stereotype
Authors: Brown Thomas , Jones Thomas , Gove Kerry , Barber Clair , Elliott Scott , Chauhan Anoop , Howarth Peter 
Published: October 2018

Previous publications have highlighted the disparity between research trial populations and those in clinical practice, but it has not been established how this relates to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of phenotype-targeted biological therapies in severe asthma.Detailed characterisation data for 342 severe asthma patients within the Wessex Severe Asthma Cohort (WSAC) was compared against comprehensive trial eligibility criteria for published phase IIB and phase III RCTs evaluating biological therapies in severe asthma since 2000.37 RCTs evaluating 20 biological therapies were identified. Only a median of 9.8% (range 3.5–17.5%) of severe asthma patients were found to be eligible for enrolment in the phase III trials. Stipulations for airflow obstruction, bronchodilator reversibility and smoking history excluded significant numbers of patients. A median of 78.9% (range 73.2–86.6%) of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma would have been excluded from participation in the phase III licensing trials of interleukin (IL)-5/IL-5R targeted therapies.Despite including only well characterised and optimally treated severe asthmatics under specialist care within the WSAC study, the vast majority were excluded from trial participation by criteria designed to re-confirm diagnostic labels rather than by biomarker criteria that predict the characteristic addressed by the treatment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 1
exerts a protective effect on hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs: role of
autophagy
Authors: Yang Ming , Wen Tong , Chen Haixu , Deng Jingyu , Yang Chao , Zhang Zheng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been
demonstrated to be an excellent cellular-based therapeutic strategy for treating
myocardial infarction (MI). However, most of the patients suffering with MI are
elderly. Hypoxic conditions can cause apoptosis of BM-MSCs, and this type of
apoptosis is more prevalent in aged BM-MSCs. Decreased autophagy is one of the
mechanisms underlying aging. The aim of this study is to uncover whether the
increased hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs is due to autophagy and whether reducing
autophagy diminishes the tolerance of hypoxia in aged BM-MSCs.

Methods
Young and aged BM-MSCs were isolated from male young and aged
GFP/Fluc transgenic C57BL/6 mice respectively and then exposed to hypoxia and
serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. The apoptosis level induced by H/SD was measured
by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)
assay. Additionally, autophagy was analyzed via transfection with plasmids
encoding green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein lightchain3
(GFP-LC3), and autophagic vacuoles were visualized with transmission electron
microscopy. Meanwhile, protein expression was measured by western blot analysis.
Autophagic activity was manipulated by the administration of IGF-1 (insulin-like
growth factor siRNA) and 3-methyladenine (3MA). Furthermore, young, aged, and the
IGF-1 siRNA-transfected aged BM-MSCs were transplanted to myocardial infarcted
adult C57BL/6 mice respectively. In vivo longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence
imaging (BLI) of transplanted BM-MSCs was performed to monitor the survival of
transplanted BM-MSCs in each groups.

Results
Aged BM-MSCs exhibited a higher rate of apoptosis compared with
young BM-MSCs under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the level of autophagy was
lower in aged BM-MSCs compared with young BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic
conditions. Meanwhile, hypoxia decreased the activity of the protein kinase B
(Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in young and aged
BM-MSCs, but aged BM-MSCs exhibited a relatively stronger Akt/mTOR activity
compared with young BM-MSCs. In addition, IGF-1 knockdown significantly decreased
the level of apoptosis in aged BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
IGF-1 knockdown also decreased the activity of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and
increased the level of autophagy in aged BM-MSCs under hypoxic condition.
Furthermore, IGF-1 knockdown protected aged BM-MSCs from hypoxic injury by
increasing the level of autophagy, thereby promoting the survival of aged BM-MSCs
after myocardial infarction transplantation.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that reducing autophagy decreases the
hypoxia tolerance of aged BM-MSCs. Maintaining optimal levels of autophagy may
serve as a new strategy in treating MI by BM-MSC transplantation in aged
patients.
Mental health in medical, dentistry and veterinary students: cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Knipe Duleeka , Maughan Chloe , Gilbert John , Dymock David , Moran Paul , Gunnell David 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe mental health of university students, especially medical students, is of growing concern in the UK.AimTo estimate the prevalence of mental disorder in health sciences students and investigate help-seeking behaviour.MethodAn online survey from one English university (n= 1139; 53% response rate) collected data on depression (using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), self-harm and well-being, as well as help seeking.ResultsA quarter of the students reported symptoms of moderate/severe depression and 27% reported symptoms of moderate/severe anxiety. Only 21% of students with symptoms of severe depression had sought professional help; the main reason for not seeking help was fear of documentation on academic records.ConclusionsThe study highlights the extent of mental health problems faced by health science students. Barriers to help seeking due to concerns about fitness-to-practise procedures urgently need to be addressed to ensure that this population of students can access help in a timely fashion.Declaration of interestNone.