bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an educational training intervention on rapid tranquillisation usage – a pilot nursing study in a public hospital in Singapore
Authors: Balasundaram Bharathi , Loh Soak Yee , Nadkarni Pallavi , Jiang Li Na , Jayaram Mahesh , Kam Jia Wen , Yap Hwa Ling , Shashu Ayengar Krishnasamy , Bai Jing Yuan 
Published: August 2018

Background: Studies evaluating nursing educational initiatives in rapid tranquillisation procedures are lacking. Objective: This pilot study in a public hospital in Singapore evaluated the effect of an educational training intervention on knowledge and confidence of nurses using rapid tranquillisation in two medical wards. Method: The study design was a pilot pre- and post-test single-group design on a voluntary sample of 75 nurses. The educational training intervention comprised of a 60 min interactive presentation followed by a small-group-based case discussion conducted by an advanced nurse practitioner. Knowledge was measured using a ‘test the knowledge’ questionnaire; a Likert scale measured perceived level of confidence. Results: The knowledge score (overall score = 11) was significantly improved from pre-training (average score: 5.1 (standard deviation, 1.3)) to post-training (average score: 8.1 (standard deviation, 1.8)), t = −12.61, p < 0.001. The participants were more confident after training ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown that a classroom training intervention of nurses in rapid tranquillisation procedures improved knowledge and confidence in dealing with patient violence in hospitals and added to the safe practice of rapid tranquillisation. Further studies evaluating the long-term and clinical impact of training with more rigorous study designs are needed to replicate these promising findings.
Astragaloside IV inhibits lung cancer progression and metastasis by modulating macrophage polarization through AMPK signaling
Authors: Xu Fei , Cui Wen-Qiang , Wei Ying , Cui Jie , Qiu Jian , Hu Ling-Li , Gong Wei-Yi , Dong Jing-Cheng , Liu Bao-Jun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis, making M2 polarization of TAMs an ever more appealing target for therapeutic intervention. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a saponin component isolated from Astragali radix, has been reported to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer, but its effects on TAMs during lung cancer progression have not been investigated.

Methods
Human THP-1 monocytes were induced to differentiate into M2 macrophages through treatments with IL-4, IL-13, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). We used the lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 cultured in conditioned medium from M2 macrophages (M2-CM) to investigate the effects of AS-IV on tumor growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of lung cancer cells. Macrophage subset distribution, M1 and M2 macrophage-associated markers, and mRNA expression were analyzed by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. The activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways that mediate M2-CM–promoted tumor migration was detected using western blotting.

Results
Here we found that AS-IV significantly inhibited IL-13 and IL-4–induced M2 polarization of macrophages, as illustrated by reduced expression of CD206 and M2-associated genes, and that AS-IV suppressed the M2-CM–induced invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of A549 and H1299 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that AS-IV greatly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the number of metastases of Lewis lung cancer. The percentage of M2 macrophages was decreased in tumor tissue after AS-IV treatment. Furthermore, AS-IV inhibited AMPKα activation in M2 macrophages, and silencing of AMPKα partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of AS-IV.

Conclusions
AS-IV reduced the growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of lung cancer by blocking the M2 polarization of macrophages partially through the AMPK signaling pathway, which appears to play an important role in AS-IV’s ability to inhibit the metastasis of lung cancer.
Rationale and development of a business case for antimicrobial stewardship programs in acute care hospital settings
Authors: Morris A. M. , Rennert-May E. , Dalton B. , Daneman N. , Dresser L. , Fanella S. , Grant J. , Keynan Y. , Le Saux N. , McDonald J. , Shevchuk Y. , Thirion D. , Conly J. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been shown to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use and its consequences. However, these programs lack legislative requirements in many places and it can be difficult to determine what human resources are required for these programs and how to create a business case to present to hospital administrators for program funding. The objectives of the current paper were to review legislative requirements and outline human resource requirements for ASPs, and to create a base business case for ASPs.

Methods
A working group of antimicrobial stewardship experts from across Canada met to discuss the necessary components for creation of a business case for antimicrobial stewardship. A narrative review of the literature of the regulatory requirements and human resource recommendations for ASPs was conducted. Informed by the review and using a consensus decision-making process, the expert working group developed human resource recommendations based on a 1000 bed acute care health care facility in Canada. A spreadsheet based business case model for ASPs was also created.

Results
Legislative and /or regulatory requirements for ASPs were found in 2 countries and one state jurisdiction. The literature review and consensus development process recommended the following minimum human resources complement: 1 physician, 3 pharmacists, 0.5 program administrative and coordination support, and 0.4 data analyst support as full time equivalents (FTEs) per 1000 acute care beds. Necessary components for the business case model, including the human resource requirements, were determined to create a spreadsheet based model.

Conclusions
There is evidence to support the negative outcomes of inappropriate antimicrobial use as well as the benefits of ASPs. Legislative and /or regulatory requirements for ASPs are not common. The available evidence for human resource recommendations for ASPs using a narrative review process was examined and a base business case modelling scenario was created. As regulatory requirements for ASPs increase, it will be necessary to create accurate business cases for ASPs in order to obtain the necessary funding to render these programs successful.
Risk of Bleomycin-Related Pulmonary Toxicities and Operative Morbidity After Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Good-Risk Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Calaway Adam C. , Foster Richard S. , Adra Nabil , Masterson Timothy A. , Albany Costa , Hanna Nassar H. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Cary Clint 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP × 3) or four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin (EP × 4) are first-line chemotherapy regimens for men with International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) good-risk germ cell tumors (GCTs). We determined whether inclusion of bleomycin affected pulmonary and operative morbidity after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND). Patients and Methods We queried our database to identify IGCCCG good-risk patients who received BEP × 3 or EP × 4 induction chemotherapy before PC-RPLND from 2006 to 2016. Patients who received combination regimens were excluded. The primary outcomes of interest were pulmonary morbidity (prolonged intubation, reintubation, supplemental oxygen use, intensive care unit stay) and operative morbidity (operative time, length of stay, concomitant procedures, estimated blood loss). Results We analyzed 234 patients (191 BEP × 3 v 43 EP × 4). All patients were extubated immediately after the operation. None were reintubated or discharged on oxygen. Two patients in each cohort required an intensive care unit stay for nonpulmonary reasons. Patients treated with BEP required shorter use of supplemental oxygen (0.99 v 1.63 days; P = .005). No significant differences were found in preoperative mass size ( P = .42) or concomitant surgeries ( P = .58). Operative time was significantly shorter (131 v 170 minutes; P < .01), and estimated blood loss was considerably less (194 v 226 mL; P < .01) in patients treated with BEP. Length of stay was shorter in patients treated with BEP (3.3 v 3.9 days; P < .01). Conclusion In a modern surgical cohort, the inclusion of bleomycin does not seem to influence pulmonary morbidity, operative difficulty, or nonpulmonary postoperative complications after PC-RPLND in men with IGCCCG good-risk GST.
Phase Ib/II Study of Capmatinib (INC280) Plus Gefitinib After Failure of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With EGFR-Mutated, MET Factor–Dysregulated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wu Yi-Long , Zhang Li , Kim Dong-Wan , Liu Xiaoqing , Lee Dae Ho , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Ahn Myung-Ju , Vansteenkiste Johan F. , Su Wu-Chou , Felip Enriqueta , Chia Vincent , Glaser Sabine , Pultar Philippe , Zhao Sylvia , Peng Bin , Akimov Mikhail , Tan Daniel S.W. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose MET dysregulation occurs in up to 26% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Capmatinib (INC280) is a potent and selective MET inhibitor with preclinical activity in combination with gefitinib in EGFR-mutant, MET-amplified/overexpressing models of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. This phase Ib/II study investigated the safety and efficacy of capmatinib plus gefitinib in patients with EGFR-mutated, MET-dysregulated (amplified/overexpressing) NSCLC who experienced disease progression while receiving EGFR-TKI treatment. Methods Patients in phase Ib received capmatinib 100- to 800-mg capsules once per day or 200- to 600-mg capsules or tablets twice per day, plus gefitinib 250 mg once per day. Patients in phase II received the recommended phase II dose. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Results Sixty-one patients were treated in phase Ib, and 100 were treated in phase II. The recommended phase II dose was capmatinib 400 mg twice per day plus gefitinib 250 mg once per day. Preliminary clinical activity was observed, with an ORR across phase Ib/II of 27%. Increased activity was seen in patients with high MET-amplified tumors, with a phase II ORR of 47% in patients with a MET gene copy number ≥ 6. Across phases Ib and II, the most common drug-related adverse events were nausea (28%), peripheral edema (22%), decreased appetite (21%), and rash (20%); the most common drug-related grade 3/4 adverse events were increased amylase and lipase levels (both 6%). No significant drug-drug interactions between capmatinib and gefitinib were evident. Conclusion This study, focused on a predominant EGFR-TKI resistance mechanism in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, shows that the combination of capmatinib with gefitinib is a promising treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated, MET-dysregulated NSCLC, particularly MET-amplified disease.
ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy improves blood pressure and cardiovascular function in a mouse model of generalized arterial calcification of infancy
Authors: Khan Tayeba , Sinkevicius Kerstin W. , Vong Sylvia , Avakian Arlen , Leavitt Markley C. , Malanson Hunter , Marozsan Andre , Askew Kim L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare, life-threatening disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which normally hydrolyzes extracellular ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate (PPi). The disease is characterized by extensive arterial calcification and stenosis of large- and medium-sized vessels, leading to vascular-related complications of hypertension and heart failure. There is currently no effective treatment available, but bisphosphonates – nonhydrolyzable PPi analogs – are being used off-label to reduce arterial calcification, although this has no reported impact on the hypertension and cardiac dysfunction features of GACI. In this study, the efficacy of a recombinant human ENPP1 protein therapeutic (rhENPP1) was tested in Enpp1asj-2J homozygous mice (Asj-2J or Asj-2J hom), a model previously described to show extensive mineralization in the arterial vasculature, similar to GACI patients. In a disease prevention study, Asj-2J mice treated with rhENPP1 for 3 weeks showed &gt;95% reduction in aorta calcification. Terminal hemodynamics and echocardiography imaging of Asj-2J mice also revealed that a 6-week rhENPP1 treatment normalized elevated arterial and left ventricular pressure, which translated into significant improvements in myocardial compliance, contractility, heart workload and global cardiovascular efficiency. This study suggests that ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy could be a more effective GACI therapeutic than bisphosphonates, treating not just the vascular calcification, but also the hypertension that eventually leads to cardiac failure in GACI patients.
The LTB4–BLT1 axis regulates the polarized trafficking of chemoattractant GPCRs during neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Subramanian Bhagawat C. , Moissoglu Konstadinos , Parent Carole A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Neutrophils sense and respond to diverse chemotactic cues through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the precise trafficking dynamics of chemoattractant GPCRs during neutrophil activation and chemotaxis remain unclear. Here, by using small-molecule inhibitors and CRISPR-based knockouts, we establish that two primary chemoattractant GPCRs – formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and complement component 5a (C5a) receptor 1 (C5aR1) – internalize in a CDC42–actin-dependent manner. Through live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that, upon stimulation, FPR1 rapidly clusters and re-distributes along the plasma membrane to the trailing edge, where it internalizes and is directionally trafficked towards the front of migrating primary human neutrophils. In contrast to FPR1 and C5aR1, the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1, also known as LTB4R), which relays LTB4 signals in response to primary chemoattractants during neutrophil chemotaxis, fails to internalize upon physiological stimulation with LTB4, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) or C5a. Importantly, we report that blocking the LTB4–BLT1 axis or downstream myosin activation enhances the internalization of FPR1 and C5aR1, thus reducing downstream signaling and impairing chemotaxis to primary chemoattractants. The polarized trafficking of chemoattractant GPCRs and its regulation by the BLT1-mediated myosin activation therefore drives persistent chemotactic signaling in neutrophils.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men
Authors: SCHOENFELD BRAD J. , CONTRERAS BRET , KRIEGER JAMES , GRGIC JOZO , DELCASTILLO KENNETH , BELLIARD RAMON , ALTO ANDREW 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscular adaptations between low-, moderate-, and high-volume resistance training protocols in resistance-trained men.

Methods
Thirty-four healthy resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: a low-volume group performing one set per exercise per training session (n = 11), a moderate-volume group performing three sets per exercise per training session (n = 12), or a high-volume group performing five sets per exercise per training session (n = 11). Training for all routines consisted of three weekly sessions performed on nonconsecutive days for 8 wk. Muscular strength was evaluated with one repetition maximum (RM) testing for the squat and bench press. Upper-body muscle endurance was evaluated using 50% of subjects bench press 1RM performed to momentary failure. Muscle hypertrophy was evaluated using B-mode ultrasonography for the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, mid-thigh, and lateral thigh.

Results
Results showed significant preintervention to postintervention increases in strength and endurance in all groups, with no significant between-group differences. Alternatively, while all groups increased muscle size in most of the measured sites from preintervention to postintervention, significant increases favoring the higher-volume conditions were seen for the elbow flexors, mid-thigh, and lateral thigh.

Conclusions
Marked increases in strength and endurance can be attained by resistance-trained individuals with just three 13-min weekly sessions over an 8-wk period, and these gains are similar to that achieved with a substantially greater time commitment. Alternatively, muscle hypertrophy follows a dose–response relationship, with increasingly greater gains achieved with higher training volumes.
Rice cultivation reduces methane emissions in high-emitting paddies
Authors: Oda Masato , Chiem Nguyen Huu 
Published: August 2018

Background: Rice is typically understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although existing studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate that the balance between rice’s emitting and suppressing functions changes according to overall methane emission levels, which have quite a large range (16‍–500 kg methane ha−1 crop−1). Methods: Using PVC chambers, we compared methane emissions emitted by rice paddy fields with and without rice plants in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Results: We found high overall methane emission levels and our results indicated that rice in fact suppressed methane emissions under these conditions. Emission reductions increased with the growth of rice, up to 60% of emission rate at the maximum tillering stage, then decreased to 20% after the heading stage, and finally recovering back to 60%. Discussion: It is known that methane is emitted by ebullition when the emission level is high, and methane emission reductions in rice-planted fields are thought to be due to oxidation and methanogenesis suppression. However, although many studies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results suggested that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of rice-providing substrate. Conclusion: As a result, during the growing season, rice enhanced methane emissions in low-emission paddy fields but suppressed methane emissions in high-emission paddy fields.
Data linkage in medical science using the resource description framework: the AVERT model
Authors: Reddy Brian P , Houlding Brett , Hederman Lucy , Canney Mark , Debruyne Christophe , O'Brien Ciaran , Meehan Alan , O'Sullivan Declan , Little Mark A 
Published: August 2018

There is an ongoing challenge as to how best manage and understand ‘big data’ in precision medicine settings. This paper describes the potential for a Linked Data approach, using a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model, to combine multiple datasets with temporal and spatial elements of varying dimensionality. This “AVERT model” provides a framework for converting multiple standalone files of various formats, from both clinical and environmental settings, into a single data source. This data source can thereafter be queried effectively, shared with outside parties, more easily understood by multiple stakeholders using standardized vocabularies, incorporating provenance metadata and supporting temporo-spatial reasoning. The approach has further advantages in terms of data sharing, security and subsequent analysis. We use a case study relating to anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) disease, a rare autoimmune condition, to illustrate a technical proof of concept for the AVERT model.
PERICLIMENES DENTIDACTYLUS, A NEW DEEP WATER PONTONIINE SHRIMP FROM MAKASSAR STRAIT, INDONESIA
Authors: Bruce A. J. 
Published: August 2018

A new species of pontoniine shrimp, Periclimenes dentidactylus is described and illustrated. The single specimen was collected from Makassar Strait from over 590 m, a depth exceeded by only two other species of the genus. P. dentidactylus is closely related to F. hertwigi Balss, and is probably also an echinoid associate.
Policía y revolución ciudadana: un balance de la política policial en Ecuador 2007-2014
Authors: Pontón C. Daniel 
Published: August 2018

La administración presidencial de Rafael Correa, iniciada en el 2007, forma parte de la tendencia política post-neoliberal que presentan algunos países de la región. En materia de política pública se planteó como desafío, transformar y modernizar a la Policía Nacional como parte de un nuevo modelo de seguridad integral. ¿Qué cambios estructurales ha experimentado la cuestión policial en el Ecuador? ¿Qué explica y qué razonamiento político está asociado con estos cambios? La presente investigación analizará el ámbito policial y su proceso de cambios, continuidades y retrocesos en el periodo 2007-2013. Se argumentará que pese a existir avances en la transformación de la policía, estos no se enmarcan bajo una orientación programática de una reforma institucional democrática de la policía. Por el contrario, los cambios han obedecido a lógicas de aprendizaje propias del pragmatismo político en el ejercicio del poder y las racionalidades del gobierno contra el delito. La ausencia de esta agenda programática, ha dado paso a un proceso de colonización policial en la compresión y conducción política de la institución policial, lo cual ha generado que las reformas iniciadas reproduzcan estructuras tradicionales y corporativas.
A new method for the determination of ammonium in the vitreous humour based on capillary electrophoresis and its preliminary application in thanatochemistry
Authors: Gottardo Rossella , Palacio Covadonga , Shestakova Kseniia M. , Moskaleva Natalia E. , Bortolotti Federica , Tagliaro Franco 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Although the post-mortem increase of ammonium in biological fluids is well known, ammonium analysis in vitreous humour has never been used in recent times for the determination of the post-mortem interval. The present work represents a new application of capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection in the field of forensic analysis.

Methods
The electrophoretic separation was carried out in a running buffer made of 5 mM imidazole, 5 mM 18-crown-6 ether and 6 mM d,l-α-hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA). To overcome the lack of optical absorption of ammonium, indirect UV detection was applied. The used wavelength was 214 nm.

Results
The method showed good linearity in the concentration range from 0.16 to 5.0 mM. The limit of detection, 0.039 mmol/L, was established on the basis of the linearity curve. Precision and bias studies carried out on the pure ammonium solutions and in real biological samples, revealed %RSDs well below 20%. A preliminary application to real cases where the death time was precisely known (14 bodies) was carried out plotting vitreous humour ammonium vs. post-mortem interval with a resulting good linear correlation until 100 h post-mortem.

Conclusions
After validation in real cases, the present method can become a powerful tool to unravel one of the most challenging issues of forensic investigation: determination of the time of death.