bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gifts, trips and Facebook families: children and the semiotics of kinship in transnational Senegal
Authors: Yount-André Chelsie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScholarship on transnational families has regularly examined remittances that adults abroad send to children in their country of origin. This article illuminates another permutation of these processes: family members in Senegal who establish relations with and through children in France through gifts and money. Focusing on relationships between children in Paris and their family members in Dakar, it provides an insight into the everyday exchanges through which transnational families attempt to assure the material reproduction of households in Africa. I trace the ways in which children use Facebook to maintain relationships with relatives in Senegal and examine how adults shape these relations. Focusing specifically on innovative forms of ‘cross-cousin’ relationships in the Senegalese diaspora, this article illustrates how adults create cultural scaffolding around children who may be unaware of the kinship terms for the relationships in which they are implicated. I demonstrate how practices that have permitted Africans to weather economic volatility for centuries are now carried out, in part, through social media. Approaching material circulation and the transmission of cultural values as mutually imbricated processes, I demonstrate how Senegalese selectively reinforce links withcertainfamily members, in an attempt to favourably position themselves in socio-economic networks of transnational kin.
Alaroye: political contestation, genres, innovations and audience in a Yoruba-language newspaper
Authors: Fasan Rotimi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNigerian newspapers, like newspapers elsewhere, are often established as part of the apparatus for the extension of personal or group interests, to mobilize and contest meaning in the overall project of constructing hegemony in an ethnically fractious polity. In this article, I trace the emergence ofAlaroye, the best-known Yoruba-language newspaper today, by identifying its survival strategies and stabilization against the changing circumstances of a hostile environment. The article aims to demonstrate that, in challenging the oppressive activities of a military dictatorship led by the Hausa-Fulani and a media market dominated by English-language newspapers,Alaroyehas been able to negotiate its existence within the contested space that is Yorubaland in particular and Nigeria at large. In this state of contestation and fierce competition, tabloidization has been central toAlaroye’s success, making it a leader whose example is being closely emulated by other Yoruba-language newspapers. Following from this, the article discusses the genres ofAlaroyeand the newspaper's genre-blurring innovations, including its oral written style, all of which point to its transformation into a tabloid, against the background of its initial failure at the newsstand and the factors responsible for its revitalization and stabilization after three failed attempts.
Modulation of aquaporin gene expression by n-3 long-chain PUFA lipid structures in white and brown adipose tissue from hamsters
Authors: Lopes Paula A. , Martins Rute , da Silva Inês Vieira , Madeira Marta S. , Prates José A. M. , Soveral Graça 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) fatty acids have weight-reducing properties with physiological activity depending on their molecular structure – that is, as TAG or ethyl esters (EE). Aquaporins (AQP) are membrane protein channels recognised as important players in fat metabolism, but their differential expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as their modulation by dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) such as EPA and DHA, has never been investigated. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of AQP3, AQP5, AQP7 and selected lipid markers of WAT (subcutaneous and visceral) and BAT (interscapular) from hamsters fed diets containing n-3 LCPUFA in different lipid structures such as fish oil (FO, rich in EPA and DHA in the TAG form) and FO-EE (rich in EPA and DHA in the EE form) were used and compared with linseed oil (LSO) as the reference group. A clear effect of fat depot was observed for AQP3 and leptin (LEP), with the lowest values of mRNA found in BAT relative to WAT. The opposite occurred for PPARα. AQP7 was affected by diet, with FO-fed hamsters having higher mRNA levels compared with LSO-fed hamsters. The relative gene expression of AQP5, adiponectin (ADIPO), GLUT4 and PPARγ was influenced by both fat tissue and diet. Taken together, our results revealed a differential expression profile of AQP and some markers of lipid metabolism in both WAT and BAT in response to feeding n-3 LCPUFA in two different structural formats: TAG v. EE.
The potential anti-inflammatory role of adiponectin in food allergy: a case–control study on children
Authors: Sirjani Mahshid , Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Sabetkish Nastaran , Ayazi Maryam , Khodayari Namini Nazanin , Tayebi Behnoosh , Pourpak Zahra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe aimed to assess the possible relationship between food allergy and two key adipokines – leptin and adiponectin – in children with food allergy. A total of forty patients with definite diagnosis of food allergy according to clinical history and specific IgE (sIgE) for food allergens (group I) were enrolled in this pilot study. The control group (group II) included thirty children with no evidence of allergic symptoms. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Meanwhile, sIgE was measured for the eight most common food allergens by the immunoblot method in all participants. The median ages in groups I and II were 18·5 and 23·5 months, respectively. The respective Caesarean section rate was 64·9 and 16·7 % in groups I and II (P<0·001). Serum levels of adiponectin were significantly higher in the patient group compared with controls (24·11 (sd12·14)v. 10·67 (sd12·23) μg/ml,P<0·001), whereas no statistically meaningful difference was detected in serum leptin concentrations (P=0·92). There was a significant inverse relationship between age and adiponectin levels in group I (P=0·002,r–0·479) and group II (P=0·04,r–0·365), and it was more significant in group I. The most common allergens in the patient group were wheat (52·5 %), hazelnut (52·5 %), cow’s milk (50 %) and egg white (30 %). The results of this study suggest an essential link between adiponectin and food allergy that is probably unlikely to be affected by obesity as a confounding factor.
Energy restriction in renal protection
Authors: Wang Si-Yang , Cai Guang-Yan , Chen Xiang-Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnergy restriction (ER) has been widely studied as a novel intervention, and its ability to prolong life has been fully demonstrated. For example, ER can significantly extend the lifespans of model flies, worms, rodents and other mammals. The role of ER in renal protection has also been elucidated. In preclinical studies, adjusting total energy intake or consumption of specific nutrients has prophylactic or therapeutic effects on ageing-related kidney disease and acute and chronic kidney injury. Amino acid restriction has gradually attracted attention. ER mimetics have also been studied in depth. The protective mechanisms of ER and ER mimetics for renal injury include increasing AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) levels and autophagy and reducing mammalian target of rapamycin, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the renal protective effect of ER has mostly been investigated in rodent models, and the role of ER in patients cannot be determined due to the lack of large randomised controlled trials. To protect the kidney, the mechanism of ER must be thoroughly researched, and more accurate diet or drug interventions need to be identified.
Correlated Relative and Absolute Geomagnetic Paleointensities From a Pliocene N‐R Polarity Reversal Record in Basaltic Lava Flows on Kauai, Hawaii
Authors: Bogue S. W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNew paleomagnetic results from basaltic lava flows erupted 4 Myr ago on Kauai (Hawaii) reveal how the geomagnetic intensity changed as the field switched from normal to reverse (N‐R) polarity. Following stepwise alternating field demagnetization of each sample's natural remanent magnetization, an anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) was imparted in a 50 μT bias field and then alternating field demagnetized. Very similar behavior of the 35 to 90 mT coercivity fractions suggest that the natural remanent magnetization (interpreted to be a primary thermoremanent magnetization, TRM) and ARM reside in the same subpopulation of magnetic grains. With the ARM intensity serving as an analog for TRM susceptibility, the ratio TRM/ARM provides a measure of relative paleointensity. Flow‐averaged TRM/ARM ratios correlate with a small set of double‐heating paleointensities determined on companion samples, allowing a scaling of the ratios to absolute ancient field intensities. During the N‐R transition, the field strength dropped by 91% compared to the maximum recorded by the flows. This decrease is comparable to that observed in other paleomagnetic studies and numerical simulations. During an interval of NE down directional stasis recorded by 10 flows in the lower half of the section, the geomagnetic intensity rose to over 20 μT and then decreased to near 5 μT. This distinctive behavior could mark the waxing and waning of a stationary, inward directed flux patch on the core‐mantle boundary centered NE of Kauai.
Broadband achromatic dielectric metalenses
Authors: Shrestha Sajan , Overvig Adam C. , Lu Ming , Stein Aaron , Yu Nanfang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces offer a unique platform to precisely control optical wavefronts and enable the realization of flat lenses, or metalenses, which have the potential to substantially reduce the size and complexity of imaging systems and to realize new imaging modalities. However, it is a major challenge to create achromatic metalenses that produce a single focal length over a broad wavelength range because of the difficulty in simultaneously engineering phase profiles at distinct wavelengths on a single metasurface. For practical applications, there is a further challenge to create broadband achromatic metalenses that work in the transmission mode for incident light waves with any arbitrary polarization state. We developed a design methodology and created libraries of meta-units—building blocks of metasurfaces—with complex cross-sectional geometries to provide diverse phase dispersions (phase as a function of wavelength), which is crucial for creating broadband achromatic metalenses. We elucidated the fundamental limitations of achromatic metalens performance by deriving mathematical equations that govern the tradeoffs between phase dispersion and achievable lens parameters, including the lens diameter, numerical aperture (NA), and bandwidth of achromatic operation. We experimentally demonstrated several dielectric achromatic metalenses reaching the fundamental limitations. These metalenses work in the transmission mode with polarization-independent focusing efficiencies up to 50% and continuously provide a near-constant focal length over λ = 1200–1650 nm. These unprecedented properties represent a major advance compared to the state of the art and a major step toward practical implementations of metalenses.
More than two decades trapped
Authors: Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zhou Lei-Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOptical tweezers, crowned by Nobel Prize the first time in 1990s, have widely impacted the research landscape of atom cooling, particle manipulation/sorting, and biology. After more than two decades of steady development, it received the deserving recognition once again in 2018. Unprecedented advancements across various disciplines are believed to be spurred furthermore by this important tool of optical manipulation.
A plant-based diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: metabolic benefits of plant protein
Authors: Kahleova Hana , Fleeman Rebecca , Hlozkova Adela , Holubkov Richard , Barnard Neal D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and objectives
A plant-based diet is an effective strategy in the treatment of obesity. In this 16-week randomized clinical trial, we tested the effect of a plant-based diet on body composition and insulin resistance. As a part of this trial, we investigated the role of plant protein on these outcomes.

Subjects and methods
Overweight participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a plant-based (n = 38) or a control diet (n = 37). Dual X-ray Absorptiometry assessed body composition, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) assessed insulin resistance, and a linear regression model was used to test the relationship between protein intake, body composition, and insulin resistance.

Results
The plant-based vegan diet proved to be superior to the control diet in improving body weight, fat mass, and insulin resistance markers. Only the vegan group showed significant reductions in body weight (treatment effect −6.5 [95% CI −8.9 to −4.1] kg; Gxt, p < 0.001), fat mass (treatment effect −4.3 [95% CI −5.4 to −3.2] kg; Gxt, p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (treatment effect −1.0 [95% CI −1.2 to −0.8]; Gxt, p = 0.004). The decrease in fat mass was associated with an increased intake of plant protein and decreased intake of animal protein (r = -0.30, p = 0.011; and r = +0.39, p = 0.001, respectively). In particular, decreased % leucine intake was associated with a decrease in fat mass (r = +0.40; p < 0.001), in both unadjusted and adjusted models for changes in BMI and energy intake. In addition, decreased % histidine intake was associated with a decrease in insulin resistance (r = +0.38; p = 0.003), also independent of changes in BMI and energy intake.

Conclusions
These findings provide evidence that plant protein, as a part of a plant-based diet, and the resulting limitation of leucine and histidine intake are associated with improvements in body composition and reductions in both body weight and insulin resistance.
Association and cis-mQTL analysis of variants in serotonergic genes associated with nicotine dependence in Chinese Han smokers
Authors: Han Haijun , Liu Qiang , Yang Zhongli , Wang Mu , Ma Yunlong , Cao Liyu , Cui Wenyan , Yuan Wenji , Payne Thomas J. , Li Lanjuan , Li Ming D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVariants in serotonergic genes are implicated in nicotine dependence (ND) in subjects of European and African origin, but their involvement with smoking in Asians is largely unknown. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the ND risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes are rarely investigated. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score was used to assess ND in 2616 male Chinese Han smokers. Both association and interaction analysis were used to examine the association of variants in the serotonergic genes with FTND. Further, expression and methylation quantitative trait loci (cis-mQTL) analysis was employed to determine the association of individual SNPs with the extent of methylation of each CpG locus. Individual SNP-based association analysis revealed that rs1176744 in HTR3B was marginally associated with FTND (p = 0.042). Haplotype-based association analysis found that one major haplotype, T-T-A-G, formed by SNPs rs3758987-rs4938056-rs1176744-rs2276305, located in the 5′ region of HTR3B, showed a significant association with FTND (p = 0.00025). Further, a significant genetic interactive effect affecting ND was detected among SNPs rs10160548 in HTR3A, and rs3758987, rs2276305, and rs1672717 in HTR3B (p = 0.0074). Finally, we found four CpG sites (CpG_4543549, CpG_4543464, CpG_4543682, and CpG_4546888) to be significantly associated with three cis-mQTL SNPs (i.e., rs3758987, rs4938056, and rs1176744) located in our detected haplotype within HTR3B. In sum, we showed SNP rs1176744 (Tyr129Ser) to be associated with ND. Together with the SNPs rs3758987 and rs4938056 in HTR3B, they formed a major haplotype, which had significant association with ND. We further showed these SNPs contribute to ND through four methylated sites in HTR3B. All these findings suggest that variants in the serotonergic system play an important role in ND in the Chinese Han population. More importantly, these findings demonstrated that the involvement of this system in ND is through gene-by-gene interaction and methylation.
Longer procoagulant phospholipid-dependent clotting time, lower endogenous thrombin potential and higher tissue factor pathway inhibitor concentrations are associated with increased VTE occurrence in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the prospective ROADMAP-MM-CAT study
Authors: Fotiou Despina , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Papageorgiou Loula , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Kastritis Efstathios , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Salta Stella , Van Dreden Patrick , Sangare Rabiatou , Larsen Annette K. , Terpos Evangelos , Elalamy Ismail , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Gerotziafas Grigoris T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. We explored cellular and plasma hypercoagulability in NDMM patients to identify relevant biomarkers that can be used in combination with clinical factors in the development of a risk assessment model (RAM) for VTE. Untreated patients (n = 144) with NDMM were prospectively enrolled, baseline biomarkers prior to anti-myeloma treatment and thromboprophylaxis initiation were obtained. These were compared against values in a group of healthy individuals with similar age and sex distribution. The primary study end point was symptomatic VTE occurrence. At 12-month follow-up cumulative VTE rate was 10.4%. NDMM patients showed biological signs of cellular and plasma hypercoagulability and endothelial cell activation. Procoagulant phospholipid clotting time (Procoagulant-PPL) was shorter, P-selectin levels lower and thrombin generation attenuated overall compared to healthy subjects. Longer Procoag-PPL®, lower endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and higher levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were associated with VTE occurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that Procoag-PPL® and ETP were independent risk factors for VTE. We conclude that Procoag-PPL® and ETP can be prospectively incorporated into a RAM for VTE in MM in combination with clinical and disease risk factors.
Proteome-wide analysis of USP14 substrates revealed its role in hepatosteatosis via stabilization of FASN
Authors: Liu Bin , Jiang Shangwen , Li Min , Xiong Xuelian , Zhu Mingrui , Li Duanzhuo , Zhao Lei , Qian Lili , Zhai Linhui , Li Jing , Lu Han , Sun Shengnan , Lin Jiandie , Lu Yan , Li Xiaoying , Tan Minjia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) is one of the major proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes critical for proteome homeostasis. However, substrates of USP14 remain largely unknown, hindering the understanding of its functional roles. Here we conduct a comprehensive proteome, ubiquitinome and interactome analysis for USP14 substrate screening. Bioinformatics analysis reveals broad new potential roles of USP14, especially in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Among the potential substrates identified, we show that fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme involved in hepatic lipogenesis, is a bona fide substrate of USP14. USP14 directly interacts with and increases FASN stability. As a result, overexpression of USP14 promotes liver triglyceride accumulation in C57BL/6 mice, whereas genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of USP14 ameliorates hepatosteatosis, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in obese mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal for the first time an indispensable role of USP14 in hepatosteatosis through FASN stabilization.
Unmasking GluN1/GluN3A excitatory glycine NMDA receptors
Authors: Grand Teddy , Abi Gerges Sarah , David Mélissa , Diana Marco A. , Paoletti Pierre 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGluN3A and GluN3B are glycine-binding subunits belonging to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) family that can assemble with the GluN1 subunit to form unconventional receptors activated by glycine alone. Functional characterization of GluN1/GluN3 NMDARs has been difficult. Here, we uncover two modalities that have transformative properties on GluN1/GluN3A receptors. First, we identify a compound, CGP-78608, which greatly enhances GluN1/GluN3A responses, converting small and rapidly desensitizing currents into large and stable responses. Second, we show that an endogenous GluN3A disulfide bond endows GluN1/GluN3A receptors with distinct redox modulation, profoundly affecting agonist sensitivity and gating kinetics. Under reducing conditions, ambient glycine is sufficient to generate tonic receptor activation. Finally, using CGP-78608 on P8-P12 mouse hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A NMDARs are functionally expressed in native neurons, at least in the juvenile brain. Our work opens new perspectives on the exploration of excitatory glycine receptors in brain function and development.
Experimental heatwaves compromise sperm function and cause transgenerational damage in a model insect
Authors: Sales Kris , Vasudeva Ramakrishnan , Dickinson Matthew E. , Godwin Joanne L. , Lumley Alyson J. , Michalczyk Łukasz , Hebberecht Laura , Thomas Paul , Franco Aldina , Gage Matthew J. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClimate change is affecting biodiversity, but proximate drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we examine how experimental heatwaves impact on reproduction in an insect system. Male sensitivity to heat is recognised in endotherms, but ectotherms have received limited attention, despite comprising most of biodiversity and being more influenced by temperature variation. Using a flour beetle model system, we find that heatwave conditions (5 to 7 °C above optimum for 5 days) damaged male, but not female, reproduction. Heatwaves reduce male fertility and sperm competitiveness, and successive heatwaves almost sterilise males. Heatwaves reduce sperm production, viability, and migration through the female. Inseminated sperm in female storage are also damaged by heatwaves. Finally, we discover transgenerational impacts, with reduced reproductive potential and lifespan of offspring when fathered by males, or sperm, that had experienced heatwaves. This male reproductive damage under heatwave conditions provides one potential driver behind biodiversity declines and contractions through global warming.