bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da contaminação por metais pesados na água do açude público na área de influência do lixão no município de Teofilândia-BA (Heavy metal concentrations in the water of a dam by an open dump in Teofilândia, state of Bahia, Brazil )
Authors: Silva Janderson Oliveira , Silva Ardemírio de Barros , Jesus Taise Bomfim de , Toledo Osmar Cuentas 
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as concentrações de metais pesados (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni e Zn), na água do açude público, localizado em área de influência do lixão no município de Teofilândia-BA. Foram determinados 6 pontos amostrais e realizada a coleta de água nos períodos pré-chuva (maio), pós-chuva (junho) e seco (novembro) de 2016, para identificar as influências sazonais no corpo hídrico. As análises de metais pesados foram realizadas por espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama (GBC-Avanta) e comparados com os valores máximos permitidos pela Resolução nº 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA). Os métodos adotados para as coletas, preservação, e análise das amostras seguem a padronizações descritas no Standart Methods for Water and WastEwater Examination (APHA, 2005). Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo mostram que a água do açude no entorno do lixão municipal, estão comprometidas quanto a sua qualidade. A B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in the water of a dam that is located by an open dump in the municipality of Teofilândia, Bahia, Brazil. Water samples were collected in six sampling points in the pre-rainy (May), post-rainy (June) and dry (November) periods in 2016 to assess the effects of the seasons on the heavy metal concentrations in the water body. The analyses of heavy metals were carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrometry and compared with the maximum concentrations established by the Resolution 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council. The collection, conservation, and analysis of the water samples followed the methods described by the Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. According to the heavy metal concentrations found, the water of the evaluated dam is compromised.Keywords: semiarid, solid waste, heavy metals, water quality
Índice de Saneamento Ambiental da Área Urbana do Município de Mossoró – RN (Environment Sanitation Index on urban area of Mossoró Municipality- RN)
Authors: Peixoto Filipe da Silva , Felix Neto José Maia , Gomes Iago Nogueira , Dias Gutemberg Henrique 
Published: January 2019

O saneamento básico é um dos maiores desafios para os países em desenvolvimento, o inchaço atual das grandes cidades e o vertiginoso crescimento populacional das cidades médias causam uma deficiência e falta de acesso dos serviços de saneamento para boa parcela da população. O estudo busca caracterizar e diagnosticar a situação do saneamento ambiental na cidade de Mossoró-RN. Para isso, foi aplicado, com o suporte do Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG, e o Índice de Saneamento Ambiental – ISA, sintetizando as principais informações dos serviços de saneamento básico. O ISA é composto por 3 sub-índices: Índice de Abastecimento de Água – IAB; Índice de Coleta de Lixo – ICL; Índice de Esgotamento Sanitário – IES. O estudo mostrou que há uma concentração espacial no acesso de serviços de saneamento, sendo o esgotamento sanitário o mais sensível para o ISA. A B S T R A C TThe basic sanitation is a most challenger for in development countries. The current expansion of the big cities, and the biggest population increase of meddle cities cause deficiency and without sanitation access for majority part of population. The study arms to characterize and to diagnostic the environmental sanitation situation at Mossoró-RN. For this, we applicated the Geographic Information System – SIG support to Environmental Sanitation Index – ESI, that synthetize the principals information of the basic sanitation services. The ESI was compost for 3 sub-index: water supply index – WSI; waste collated index; sanitation waste index – SWI. The study showed that there is a spatial concentration on access of sanitation services, and the sanitation waste is the most sensitive to ESI.Keywords: basic sanitation; middle cities; risk to unhealthiness.
As geotecnologias e a detecção de trajetórias evolutivas da paisagem: possibilidades metodológicas e aplicações (Geotechnologies and tracjectory-based change detection: methodological possibilities and applications)
Authors: Weckmüller Rômulo , Vicens Raúl Sánchez 
Published: January 2019

O entendimento de como os sistemas terrestres evoluem é importante na busca de estratégia que otimizem a utilização dos recursos naturais e minimizem os impactos ambientais. O monitoramento das mudanças da cobertura vegetal e do uso da terra, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto tem sido fundamental neste sentido. A necessidade de se conhecer o histórico de coberturas da terra ou trajetórias evolutivas de uma paisagem é fundamental para os órgãos tomadores de decisão. Este tipo de análise propicia o conhecimento do estado da paisagem, ou seja, se a mesma encontra-se degradada, estável ou intacta, agregando informações para otimizar o ordenamento territorial e/ou ambiental. Para tal, o sensoriamento remoto se apresenta como uma metodologia eficiente, devido à facilidade de obtenção de dados históricos sobre grandes porções do território, através de imagens de satélite. Sendo assim, este artigo objetiva discutir a evolução epistemológica das geotecnologias, particularmente dos estudos de mudanças utilizando séries temporais, que acredita-se ser o futuro desta temática, destacando sua evolução teórica e metodológica, assim como as perspectivas de pesquisa, utilizando extensa revisão na literatura científica especializada. A B S T R A C TUnderstanding how terrestrial systems evolve is important in the search for strategies that optimize the use of natural resources and minimize environmental impacts. Monitoring of vegetation changes through remote sensing techniques has been fundamental in this regard. The necessity of know the history of land cover or evolutive trajectories of a landscape is fundamental to the decision-making bodies. This type of analysis provides knowledge of the state of the landscape, ie, if it is degraded, stable or intact, adding information to optimize land use planning. To do this, the remote sensing becomes an efficient methodology, due to the ease of obtaining historical data on large swathes of territory, through satellite images. Thus this article aims to discuss the epistemological evolution of geotechnologies, particularly the studies of time series analisys, believed to be the future of this subject, highlighting your theoretical and methodological evolution, as well as the research perspectives, using extensive review in the specialized scientific literature.Keywords: Change Detection, Time-series, Remote Sensing.
Histopathological Study of Benzene Exhaust Emission Effect on Organs of White Rats
Authors: Naji H. A. 
Published: January 2019

The study designed on (20) white rats, the animals divided into (2) groups. The first group contains (10) rats act as a control group, the second group contain (10) rats act as a treated group, for (24) days continuously. The animals received for 1/4 hours per day to the benzene exhaust emissions which result from a motor vehicle. The study showed that benzene emission cause damage and severe toxicity in the tissue of lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and testis.
An investigation of sheep toxoplasmosis in Basrah Province / Iraq
Authors: Al-Saad K. M. , Al-Husseiny Saad Hashim 
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among sheep in different regions of Basrah province (including Al-Mdayna, Shatt Al-Arab, Al-Basrah, Al-Zubayr, and Abu Al-Khasib). The study was started in Oct. 2008 and was finished in May 2009, using latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG, 309 adult sheep were randomly selected from 15 herds among different ages and both sexes and used in this study, including 62 pregnant ewes, 185 non-pregnant ewes, 14 aborted ewes, and 48 rams. Results showed, that 60.84% were seropositive by LAT, whereas 51.11% were seropositive by ELISA IgG test, among animals used in this study, results detected that 79.03% pregnant ewes (highest value), 56.75% nonpregnant ewes,71.40% aborted ewes and 50% Rams (lowest value) were seropositive by LAT, whereas 56.52% pregnant ewes, 51.11% non-pregnant ewes, 83.33% aborted ewes (highest value), and 31.25% Rams (lowest value) were seropositive by indirect ELISA IgG. Moreover, among regions of Basrah province, the details of percentage of T.gondii antibodies were 54.54% in AL-Basrah , 71.43% in Abu Al-Khasib (highest value), 57.35% in Al- Mdayna, 47.83% in Shatt Al-Arab (lowest value), and 67.16% in Al-Zubayr by LAT, whereas 63.64% in AL-Basrah (highest value), 22.73% in Abu Al-Khasib (lowest value), 57.89% in Al-Mdayna, 50% in Shatt Al-Arab and 61.90% in Al-Zubayr by indirect ELISA test. Although the difference observed in the percentage of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among different regions of Basrah, there was no significant difference P>0.05 detected LAT, whereas in the indirect ELISA IgG test there was significant difference P<0.05. Ewes showed high percentages 62.83%, 55.40% of toxoplasmosis than rams 50 %, 31.25% by LAT and ELISA test respectively. The highest titer was 1/4 28.57% were detected in pregnant ewes and lowest titers were 1/2, 1/8, and 1/256 0.0% were detected in aborted ewes and in ramsrespectively.
KEMAMPUAN EKSTRAK SENYAWA AKTIF BAKTERI ENDOFIT DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f.sp. PADA KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Candrawati Emilia , Rupaedah Bedah , Sumpono Sumpono , Sundaryono Agus 
Published: January 2019

Ability of Active Compound Extract of Endophytic Bacteria to Inhibit the Growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. in Oil Palm ABSTRACTWilt vessels disease in oil palm plants is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. This disease is very harmful because of its ability to kill the infected oil palm plant in less than a year. Endophytic bacteria are likely to be biological controllers for the disease because of their ability to produce bioactive antifungal compounds. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from oil palm plant and activity test of their active compounds against F. oxysporum f.sp. in vitro had been done. Antagonistic test of endophytic bacterial isolates against F. oxysporum f.sp. was carried out using a double culture method. The potential endophytic bacterial isolates were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent for their active compounds, which were then tested for its activity in inhibiting the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. The results showed that the active compound extract of B11 endophytic bacteria with the incubation time of 24 and 54 hours gave the growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f.sp. at the level of 29.23% and 43.85%, respectively.Keywords: antagonistic test, bioactive compound, endophytic bacteria, F. oxysporum f.sp., oil palm ABSTRAKPenyakit layu pembuluh pada tanaman kelapa sawit disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Penyakit ini menjadi penyebab kematian tanaman kelapa sawit yang telah terinfeksi dalam waktu kurang dari setahun. Bakteri endofit asal tanaman kelapa sawit dimungkinkan menjadi pengendali hayati bagi penyakit ini karena kemampuan bakteri tersebut memproduksi senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat antifungi. Isolasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman kelapa sawit dan uji aktivitas senyawa aktifnya terhadap F. oxysporum f.sp. secara in vitro telah dilakukan. Uji antagonis isolat bakteri endofit terhadap jamur patogen F. oxysporum f.sp. menggunakan metode kultur ganda. Isolat bakteri endofit potensial diekstrak senyawa aktifnya dengan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, kemudian senyawa aktif ini diuji aktivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen F. oxysporum f.sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak senyawa aktif bakteri endofit B11 dengan waktu inkubasi 24 dan 54 jam memberikan daya hambat terhadap F. oxysporum f.sp. sebesar masing-masing 29,23% dan 43,85%.Kata Kunci: bakteri endofit, F. oxysporum f.sp., kelapa sawit, senyawa aktif, uji antagonis
Dampak Perubahan Tataguna Lahan Terhadap Keseimbangan Air Wilayah Pulau Seram. Studi Kasus : Das Way Pia Di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Laimeheriwa Semuel 
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted to estimate the values of parameters which described the physical characteristics of catchments area and monthly water balance components, and understand the sensitivity of the water balance components to change in the parameter value due to the physical changes occurring in Way Pia catchments area, Ceram Island. The method used involved calculation of the regional water balance in the current time (normal) and during the time of land use change, using an evapoclimatonomy model. The main model inputs were monthly rainfall, global radiation and run off. Analyses of data were conducted with five steps as follows : (1) mathematical formulation of the evapoclimatonomy model, (2) algorithm formation and transfer to computer code, (3) establishment of parameters and calibration, (4) validation of model, and (5) experimentation of model. The current physical conditions of Way Pia catchments area were characterized by: average of parameter value of albedo, a = 0,16; rainfall threshold, Pn = 100 mm; surface run off ratio, np = 0,23; evapority, ep = 0,42; measure of soil water loss from sub surface, vN = 0,12; and measure of evapotranspiration of soil water from sub surface, vE = 0,20. Model output of the current water balance consisted of annual value of soil moisture, m = 272 mm; total evapotranspiration, E = 1393 mm, and total run off, N = 920 mm. The land use change in the form of land clearing will increase the parameter values of a and np, which affect on increasing of direct run off (N') of 13% as compared to current conditions.
Patogenisitas Colletotrichum musae Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Beberapa Varietas Buah Pisang
Authors: Rumahlewang Wilhemina , Amanupunyo Handry R.D 
Published: January 2019

Low quality of banana fruits due to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae fungi could be overcome by introducing anthracnose-resistent varieties. The research’s objective was to find out pathogenecity of C. musae on six local banana varieties namely Dewaka, Ambon Kuning, Abu-abu, Raja, Empat Puluh Hari and Nona. A laboratory experiment was carried out by using completely randomized block design with six replicates. The result showed that the pathogenicity of C. musae on six varieties of banana fruits was differ. Average incubation period of fungi and damage level of banana fruits were 3.5 days and 32.53% respectively whereas average rate of infection of C.musae was 0.115 units/day. This experiment suggested that banana var. Abu-abu was resistance to anhtracnose while banana var. Raja, Ambon Kuning as well as Dewaka were susceptible to anthracnose. Banana var. Empat Puluh hari and Nona were classified in moderately resistance to anthracnose.
Pengaruh Pupuk Kalium Dan Fosfat Terhadap Ketersediaan Dan Serapan Fosfat Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Pada Tanah Brunizem
Authors: Kaya Elizabet 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research was to investigate the availability and uptake of phosphate with the application of potassium and phosphate fertilizers in brunizem soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely Randomized Design which tested various levels of KCl (no calium, 0.2 g/5 kg soil and 0.4 g/5 kg soil) and SP-36 (no fosfat, 0.35 g/5 kg soil and 0.70 g/5 kg soil) fertilizers. The result showed a significant effect of potassium fertilizer treatments on soil pH. The best rate of potassium fertilizer was 0.4 g KCl per pot or 160 kg KCl ha-1. Phosphate fertilizer treatment gave a significant effect on soil pH, available phosphate and phosphate uptake. The best rate of phosphate fertilization was 0.70 g SP-36 per pot or 240 kg SP-36 ha-1.
Pengaruh Berbagai Komposisi Bokashi Ampas Biji Kakao Dan Pemberian Em4 Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Petsai (Brassica chinensis L.)
Authors: Riry N , Rehatta Herman , Tanasale V. L 
Published: January 2019

Lettuce vegetable has high economic value and have a good prospect to increase famers income. Bokashi is organic fertiliser that can be used to increase the plant growth and production. The purpose of research were to investigate the influence of all sorts of bokashi composition of composted cocoa kernel and different doses of EM4 on the growth and production of lettuce. The research materials were lettuce germ that have attained the age of two weeks. The treatments were statistically designed with two factors and three repetitions. The treatments consisted of without bokashi (B0/control), B1=25 %, B2=50 %, B3=75 %, B4=100 % and EM4 (E0=control), E1=5ml/l water, E2=10ml/l water, E3=15ml/l water. The result showed that bokashi influenced significantly on the growth of lettuce. Level of bokashi 100 % was the best treatment, as measured from the height of the plant growth, leaf wide, fresh weight of crown and fresh weight of root, while the number of leaf was better at treatment of bokashi level 75 %.
Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Di Jazirah Leitimur Pulau Ambon
Authors: Haumahu Johanis P 
Published: January 2019

Land use is the element that changes very dynamic area. This is due to various human activities depend on the elements of this land. One of the most influential factor in the speed of change in land use or land use change is the increase of population in an area. Fulfillment of human needs (food, clothing and shelter) is influenced by the availability of land. This study aims to identify and analyze the rate of land conversion in conjunction with the growth of population in the peninsula Leitimur Ambon Island. The method used is descriptive with population growth comparing data (statistics) with patterns of changes in land use map data obtained from Ambon city land use remote sensing and data. The rate of population growth in the city of Ambon Leitimur Peninsula in the last 10 years (2000-2010) shows the percentage figures are quite high, 179,78 percent and with a population density of 1.145,436 inhabitants/km2. Land conversion that occurred in the Peninsula Leitimur of the Year 1984 - 2010 are as follows: (1) forest becomes 3.008,06 to 1.057,69 ha; (2) be mixed farms 5.533,46 to 8.671,97 ha; (3) vacant land 0,00 ha to 94.67 ha; (4) settlements be 2.768,58 to 3.129,83 ha; (5) bushes and reeds 4.113,39 to 1.372,58 ha; and (6) other use 0.00 ha to 1.150,75 ha. From these results show that the rate of change (conversion) of land is directly proportional to the growth of population.
Respons Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Jagung Di Tailing Tambang Timah Terkontaminasi Kadmium Setelah Inokulasi Bakteri Indogenus
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Matheus James 
Published: January 2019

Contaminant levels of cadmium (Cd) in tin mine tailings often exceeds the upper limit. Relatively high Cd content might decrease crop yields and threatened food chain. Bioremediation by using indigenous microbes to lower soil Cd shoud be done prior to use tailings for cultivation. The objective of this experiment was to obtain information about the capacity of indigenous bacterias to induce bacterial proliferation in the rhizosphere, corn growth during the early vegetative stage and change the concentration of Cd in soil and plants. Pot experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design consist of several combination of two bacterial isolates and their doses. Maize seeds were sown in tailings from the mine site on the island of Bangka and inoculated with indigenous bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial inoculation increased number of bacteria in the rhizosphere and plant height, but only isolates BKH1 with a dose of 5 mL/plants that increased plant dry weight. Soil Cd content decreased when inoculated by bacteria although not statistically significant, while the effect of inoculation on plant Cd uptake was inconsistent.
Pertumbuhan Dan Serapan Nitrogen Azolla microphylla Akibat Pemberianfosfat Dan Ketinggian Air Yang Berbeda
Authors: Utama Putra , Firnia Dewi , Natanael Ganes 
Published: January 2019

Water fern Azolla microphylla symbioses with Anabaena azollae which is able to fix N2. Fern growth is strongly influenced by the availability of macro nutrients such as phosphate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of phosphate fertilizers and different water levels on the growth and nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla. Research was conducted by using randomized block design with three replications. The treatment were water level which consists of 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm, and the concentration of phosphates (P) which is composed of without and with 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 45 ppm. The results showed that the water level are interdependent with the phosphates concentration to influence Azolla’s covered area at 7-21 days after planting, wet weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla. The water level 2 cm at a concentration of 30 ppm of phosphate fertilizers is the best treatment combination to increase Azolla’s covered area at 7-21 HST, wet weight, total dry weight, and total nitrogen uptake of Azolla microphylla.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SELEDRI (Apium grafeolens L.) PADA MEDIA PASIR SETELAH DIBERIKAN GANDASIL D DAN ATONIK
Authors: Uluputty Muhammad Riadh 
Published: January 2019

Improvement growth and yield of celery in a polybag with sand media needs fertilizer and growth hormones tostimulate plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect Gandasil D and Atonik on the growth andyield of celery (Apium grafeolens L.) grown in sand in polybag. The experiment was arranged in FactorialRandomized Block Design to tested liquid fertilizer Gandasil D concentration (without and with 1.0 g/L, 1.5 g/Land 2.0 g/L) and growth hormone Atonik concentrations (without and with 1.5 mL/L, and 2.0 mL/L). The resultsshowed that only liquid fertilizer Gandasil D which showed a significant effect on the growth of celery.Application of Gandasil D at a concentration of 2.0 gwas/L the best concentration to increase plant height,number of tillers, leaf number and fresh shoot weight.
Efektifitas Ekstrak Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L) Terhadap Mortalitas Kutu Daun (Aphis gossypli) Pada Tanaman Cabai
Authors: Nindatu Maria , Moniharapon Debby , Latuputty Stesiana 
Published: January 2019

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important commodity and has high economic value in Indonesia. Problems encountered in the cultivation of chili in Indonesia decreased productivity due to pests attack. Aphids (Aphis gossypii) is a major pest that attacks the chili leaves. This research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of ered pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) extract on mortality of aphids; especially the effective concentration and LC50 of red chili extract on mortality of aphids (Aphis gossypii). This research tested five concentration of chili extract treatments with four replicates each. Third instar of nymphs were fasted for 30 minutes before, then nymphs attached to the chili leaves were trasferred into the petri dish. Each petri dish filled with 10 nymph of Aphis gossypii. Red chili extract of 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% sprayed 3 times on the nymph. Mortality rate was calculated 24 hours after application. The results showed that the extract of red pepper were effective to kill aphids nymphs, the lowest mortality was 35% at a concentration of 3% and the highest one was up to 92.5% at a concentration of 9%. Effective concentration (LC50) extract of red pepper that cause 50% of the mortality of the aphids for 24 hours of testing was 7.46%.