bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warfarin Dosing and Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Closer Look at Warfarin Disposition
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prevalent worldwide health problem. Patients with
CKD are more prone to developing cardiovascular complications such as atrial fibrillation and stroke. This warrants
the use of oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin, in this population. While the efficacy and safety of warfarin in this
setting remain controversial, a growing body of evidence emphasizes that warfarin use in CKD can be problematic.
This review discusses 1) warfarin use, dosing and outcomes in CKD patients; and 2) possible pharmacokinetic
mechanisms for altered warfarin dosing and response in CKD.

Methods:
Structured search and review of literature articles evaluating warfarin dosing and outcomes in CKD. Data
and information about warfarin metabolism, transport, and pharmacokinetics in CKD were also analyzed and summarized.

Results:
The literature data suggest that changes in warfarin pharmacokinetics such as protein binding, nonrenal
clearance, the disposition of warfarin metabolites may partially contribute to altered warfarin dosing and response in
CKD.

Conclusion:
Although the evidence to support warfarin use in advanced CKD is still unclear, this synthesis of previous
findings may help in improving optimized warfarin therapy in CKD settings.
Current Drug Nano-targeting Strategies for Improvement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prevalent Pathologies such as Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases
Authors: Giménez Virna Margarita Martín , Fuentes Lucía Beatriz , Kassuha Diego Enrique , Manucha Walter 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The kidney and cardiovascular system are closely related to each other during
the modulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the search for new alternatives for the
treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases does not take into account this relationship, so their
evaluation results and the advantages offered by their global and integrative analysis are wasted. For
example, a variety of receptors that are overexpressed in both pathologies is large enough to allow expansion
in the search for new molecular targets and ligands. Nanotechnology offers pharmacological
targeting strategies to kidney, heart, and blood vessels for overcoming one of the essential restrictions
of traditional cardiovascular therapies the ones related to their unspecific pharmacodynamics distribution
in these critical organs.

Recent Findings:
Drug or contrast agent nano-targeting for treatment or diagnosis of atherosclerosis,
thrombosis, renal cancer or fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, among other renal, cardiac and blood vessels
pathologies would allow an increase in their efficacy and a reduction of their side effects. Such effects
are possible because, through pharmacological targeting, the drug is mainly found at the desired site.

Review Purpose:
In this mini-review, active, passive, and physical targeting strategies of several
nanocarriers that have been assessed and proposed for the treatment and diagnosis of different
cardiovascular diseases, are being addressed.
Resolution of Empyema Thoracis after Patient Refusal of Surgical Intervention: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ferguson John H. 
Published: July 2019

:
Parapneumonic effusions occur commonly in patients hospitalised with pneumonia. Both complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema are often managed initially with tube thoracostomy and intrapleural t-PA and DNase. If complete expansion of the lung is not achieved, surgical intervention is considered. We present three cases of patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions who experienced complete recovery despite declining surgical intervention and discuss the pitfalls in management. While very few patients have complete radiological resolution at the time of discharge, medical therapy is successful in at least 90% of cases. At 3-6 months from presentation, the radiological findings may improve significantly with antibiotic therapy. Surgery should be considered for patients with non-resolving sepsis markers including elevated temperature, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count, in addition to non-improving imaging. Incomplete resolution of the parapneumonic effusion should not be considered a treatment failure, and attempts to normalise CT imaging may result in prolonged hospitalisation and unnecessary surgical intervention.
The Role of Adiponectin in Maintaining Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , Ozer Muhammet , Saydam Basak Ozgen , Akinci Baris 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine closely associated with obesity,
altered body adipose tissue distribution, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases.

Introduction:
Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrate that adiponectin plays an important
role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity
and improves systemic lipid metabolism. Although research efforts on adiponectin mostly aim towards
its endocrine functions, this adipocyte-derived molecule also has profound autocrine and paracrine
functions.

Conclusion:
In this review, our aim is to discuss the role of adiponectin in maintaining metabolic homeostasis
and its association with cardiovascular health. The proper identification of these roles is of
great importance, which has the potential to identify a wealth of novel targets for the treatment of diabetes
and related cardio-metabolic diseases.
Self-Care in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: da Rocha Rebeca Barbosa , Silva Cristiano Sales , Cardoso Vinícius Saura 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Self-care is essential for the prevention of complications in patients with diabetes,
but several authors report that even with health education programs, the incidence of complications
in patients with diabetes continues to increase.

Objective:
We aimed to examine adherence to self-care strategies and the repercussions of adherence
on the clinical profiles of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched for related studies in 4 databases:
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS).
We included observational studies in English and Portuguese that evaluated the effects of selfcare
in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Results:
The search resulted in the identification of 615 articles, of which 34 met all the inclusion criteria.
General self-care was considered unsatisfactory. Physical exercise was classified as the self-care
activity that was performed less frequently by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; adherence to
medication was the most frequent behavior among volunteers.

Conclusion:
The studies indicated poor adherence of the population to good self-care practices, reflected
by the increase in complications related to DM.
Detection of Glucose in Human Serum Based on Silicon Dot Probe
Authors: Luo Kuan , Jiang Xinyu 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public metabolic disease that influences
366 million people in the world in 2011, and this number is predicted to rise to 552 million in 2030.
DM is clinically diagnosed by a fasting blood glucose that is equal or greater than 7 mM. Therefore,
the development of effective glucose biosensor has attracted extensive attention worldwide. Fluorescence-
based strategies have sparked tremendous interest due to their rapid response, facile operation,
and excellent sensitivity. Many fluorescent compounds have been employed for precise analysis of
glucose, including quantum dots, noble metal nanoclusters, up-converting nanoparticles, organic
dyes, and composite fluorescent microspheres. Silicon dot as promising quantum dots materials have
received extensive attention, owing to their distinct advantages such as biocompatibility, low toxicity
and high photostability.

Methods:
MnO2 nanosheets on the Si nanoparticles (NPs) surface serve as a quencher. Si NPs fluorescence
can make a recovery by the addition of H2O2, which can reduce MnO2 to Mn2+, and the glucose
can thus be monitored based on the enzymatic conversion of glucose by glucose oxidase to generate
H2O2. Therefore, the glucose concentration can be derived by recording the fluorescence recovery
spectra of the Si NPs.

Results:
This probe enabled selective detection of glucose with a linear range of 1-100 μg/mL and a
limit of detection of 0.98 μg/mL. Compared with the commercial glucometer, this method showed
favorable results and convincing reliability.

Conclusion:
We have developed a novel method based on MnO2 -nanosheet-modified Si NPs for
rapid monitoring of blood glucose levels. By combining the highly sensitive H2O2/MnO2 reaction
with the excellent photostability of Si NPs, a highly sensitive, selective, and cost-efficient sensing
approach for glucose detection has been designed and applied to monitor glucose levels in human serum
with satisfactory results.
The Role of Melanin to Dissociate Oxygen from Water to Treat Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Herrera Arturo S. , A. Esparza María del Carmen , Arias Paola E.S. , Ashraf Ghulam M. , Mosa Osama F. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Sologova Susanna S. , Dostdar Samira A. , Sokolov Alexander V. , Bovina Elena V. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Tarasov Vadim V. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding disorder that
commonly afflicts premature infants who are born prior to 31weeks of gestation or with a body
weight less than 1250 grams (about 2.75 pounds). Another risk factor is excessive oxygen in incubators,
which can lead to blindness. A compounding factor is that survival rates for premature infants
are rising with concomitantly more cases of ROP.

We have reported an unsuspected intrinsic property of melanin to dissociate water. This capability
can be considered an alternative treatment option for adult and neonatal diseases. It is known that exogenous
surfactant administration suppresses bronchopulmonary dysplasia and consequent death,
randomized, controlled trials with various respiratory interventions did not show any significant reductions
in morbidity and mortality rates.

During a descriptive study about the three leading causes of blindness in the world, the ability of
melanin to transform light energy into chemical energy through the dissociation of water molecule
was unraveled. Initially, during 2 or 3 years; we tried to link together our findings with the widely
accepted metabolic pathways already described in molecular pathway databases, which have been
developed to collect and organize the current knowledge on metabolism scattered across a multitude
of scientific evidence.

Observations:
The current report demonstrates the main problems that afflict premature babies with
an emphasis on the growth of abnormal vessels in the retina, the explanation for which is unknown
until date. We also reported a case of a baby who suffered digestive and respiratory problems with a
brain haemorrhage that was successfully treated by laser photocoagulation. We hypothesise that most
likely this effect was due to the melanin level and melanin itself produces oxygen via dissociating
with water molecules.

Conclusion:
We postulate that the intrinsic effect of melanin may easily convert visible and invisible
light into chemical energy via a water dissociation reaction similar to the one in plant’s chlorophyll,
and markedly elevated with diagnosis and treatment of the complications related to premature babies.
Changes in Psychiatric Diagnoses During the Transition Phase from Childhood to Adulthood in a Group of Patients with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Piccoli Sara , Pizzighello Silvia , Martinuzzi Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The journey into adulthood is a critical phase of profound psychological
and social change, especially for children with long-term care needs, including those with
Intellectual Disability (ID).

:
In this paper, we aim to describe the clinical picture of patients with mild to profound ID
during the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Method:
We explored the prevalence of all comorbidities in 53 patients with mild to profound
ID before and after transition. We collected information on the services taking care of
the person at the time of follow up and about the actual occupation, if any.

Results:
Out of the whole sample of patients, 79% were in touch with an adult health service
after transition and about one fifth required care from more than one institution. 81% were
currently employed in centres managed by health services. The distribution of main diagnosis
and comorbidities both changed (χ2(1, n=42)=116.7; p<.001 and χ2 (1, n=42)=267.4;
p<.001, respectively) after the transition to adulthood. Transition to adulthood was characterized
by the emergence, as main diagnosis, of psychiatric disorders, as well as by a slight increase
of frequencies of comorbidities.

Conclusions:
After transition from childhood to adulthood a change in epidemiology was
observed. This may reflect a clinical evolution or a discontinuity in the use of diagnostic labels
between paediatric and adult committed services. We propose suggestions for better
management of the transition phase.
Pemberdayaan masyarakat pemulung sampah Sungai Citarum melalui Koperasi Bangkit Bersama
Authors: Harahap Friska Indria Nora 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan melalui Koperasi Bangkit Bersama dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode wawancara secara mendalam kepada 5 informan yang terlibat langsung, dianggap memahami dan dapat memberikan informasi secara benar yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian yang dilakukan. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat merasakan kesejahteraan baik secara ekonomi dan kelestarian lingkungan sekitar dikarenakan volume sampah yang semakin berkurang, dan ekosistem air yang lambat laun akan membaik dikarenakan eceng gondok yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Bentuk pemberdayaan yang dilakukan dengan cara menumbuhkan kesadaran dan memberikan pelatihan agar masyarakat mempunyai keterampilan untuk mengolah potensi yang mereka miliki dan bisa mengatasi permasalah yang mereka hadapi. Empowering Garbage-Gathering Community in Citarum River through Bangkit Bersama Cooperation AbstractThis study aims to analyze the form of community empowerment conducted by Cooperative Bangkit Bersama by using the qualitative approach and in-depth interview method to 5 informants directly involved, explained to know and can provide information correctly related to the research focus undertaken. The findings of this study indicate that the people recognize the prosperity both economically and the sustainability of the around environment due to the reduced volume of waste, and water ecosystems that will gradually repair due to water hyacinth that is utilized by the community. The form of empowerment is done by raising awareness and providing training so that people have the abilities to cultivate their potential and can solve the problems they face.
Implementasi pemikiran Ki Hadjar Dewantara di taman kanak-kanak
Authors: Rahayu Eka Pamuji , Sugito Sugito 
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang implementasi pemikiran Ki Hadjar Dewantara di Taman Indria Ibu Pawiyatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Unit analisis Taman Indria Ibu Pawiyatan sebagai sumber informasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Milles dan Huberman, meliputi: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pemikiran Ki Hadjar Dewantara yang dimplementasikan dalam proses pendidikan di Taman Indria Ibu Pawiyatan yaitu: (a) tujuan pembelajaran menuntun kodrat dan iradat anak, (b) metode pembelajaran yaitu: metode among (ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani), sari swara, wiraga dan wirama, (c) aspek bidang pengembangan yaitu: pikiran, rasa, dan kemauan (Tri sakti), dan (d) sasaran usia yaitu mendidik anak dibawah 7 tahun. (2) Hambatan-hambatan dalam mengimplementasi pemikiran Ki Hadjar Dewantara yaitu: (a) jumlah peserta didik yang sangat minim, (b) pendidik tidak berlatar belakang dari Tamansiswa, dan (c) kurangnya komunikasi antara Majelis Ibu Pawiyatan dengan pendidik. (3) Upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu: (a) pendidik mengikuti workshop dan seminar pendidikan anak usia dini, (b) pendidik mengadakan pertemuan sarasehan, dan (c) mengaktifkan kembali komite sekolah. The implementation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s ideas in kindergarten AbstractThis study was aimed to describe the implementation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s ideas in the Taman Indria Ibu Pawiyatan. This study is a qualitative research using case study design. This study is a qualitative research using case study design. The analysis unit in Taman Indria Ibu Pawiyatan as the information resources. The data were obtained through observation, in depth interview, and document review. The technique of data analysis was done using Milles and Huberman models, including: Data collection, data reduction, data display, and verifying. The results show that: (1) The Implementation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Ideas in the learning process include: (a) the purpose of learning activities is to guide the child to kodrat and iradat, (b) methods in learning activities are among others (ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani), sari swara, wiraga and wirama, (c) aspects of the development that is thinking, feeling, and volition (Tri sakti), and (d) goal is to educate children aged under 7 years. (2) Barriers that: (a) there are only few learners, (b) educators do not have background from Tamansiswa, and (c) lack of communication between Majelis Ibu Pawiyatan and educators. (3) The efforts include: (a) educators to follow workshops, (b) seminars about early childhood education, educators held a sarasehan, and (c) reactivating the school committee.
Віддалені результати застосування остеотомії за L.S. Weil при хірургічному лікуванні метатарзалгії
Authors: Turchin O.A. , Lazarenko G.M. , Piatkovskiy V.M. , Kostrub O.A. , Liabakh A.P. 
Published: July 2019

Актуальність. Проаналізовані віддалені результати хірургічного лікування 61 пацієнта з метатарзалгією за допомогою застосування Weil­остеотомії. Мета роботи — аналіз віддалених результатів застосування остеотомії за L.S. Weil при хірургічному лікуванні метатарзалгії. Матеріали та методи. Був досліджений 61 пацієнт (88 стоп, 107 випадків) із метатарзалгією. Всі пацієнти були жінками, середній вік яких становив 50,71 ± 1,12 (20–74) року; середній індекс маси тіла — 25,65 ± 0,32 (18,36–34,93). Однобічну метатарзалгію діагностували в 34 хворих, двобічну — у 27. За локалізацією метатарзалгію розподілили так: під головкою другої плеснової кістки — 86 випадків, третьої плеснової кістки — 19 випадків, четвертої плеснової кістки — 2 випадки. Застосовували клініко­рентгенологічний, сонографічний та статистичний (середнє значення, різницю між середніми оцінювали за допомогою парного t­тесту для дисперсій) методи дослідження. Результати оцінювали за схемою AOFAS та ВАШ у строки 1–54 місяці (у середньому — 25,68 ± 1,92). Результати. Функція стопи до та після операції становила 56,79 ± 1,58/84,8 ± 0,67 (p < 0,001), рівень болю — 5,75 ± 0,15/1,41 ± 0,04 (p < 0,001). Результати хірургічного лікування за AOFAS: відмінні — 60,23 %, добрі — 36,37 %, задовільні — 3,4 %, поганих результатів не було. Ускладнення, які виникли після Weil­остеотомії: рецидив метатарзалгії — 5 пацієнтів; підвивих основної фаланги без клінічної симптоматики — 25 випадків. Незрощень місця остеотомії й асептичного некрозу головок плеснових кісток не було. В чотирьох випадках діагностували міграцію гвинтів. У 6 пацієнток утворився так званий floating toe. Висновки. Застосування Weil­остеотомії, спрямованої на адекватне укорочення плеснової кістки при метатарзалгії, забезпечує суттєве зменшення больового синдрому; дозволяє усунути дорсальне зміщення основної фаланги та девіацію пальця в поперечній площині. Покращує рівень функції за AOFAS (сегмент для 2–5­го пальців) до 84,80 ± 0,67 бала.
Скрининговая диагностика заболеваний толстого кишечника у детей
Authors: Voloshyn K.V. , Pavlenko N.V. , Rzhevska O.O. , Drachevska O.V. 
Published: July 2019

Актуальность. Вопросы скрининговой диагностики заболеваний толстого кишечника у детей на догоспитальном и первичном этапах оказания медицинской помощи актуальны. В качестве неинвазивного и экономически доступного метода диагностики предлагается определение фекальных маркеров кишечного воспаления в кале у детей с жалобами и клиническими проявлениями, характерными для патологии толстого кишечника. Цель исследования: сравнительный анализ состояния слизистой оболочки толстого кишечника с результатами определения фекальных маркеров кишечного воспаления. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 40 детей в возрасте 6–18 лет. Всем детям проведена верификация диагноза с помощью эндоскопического исследования. Фекальные маркеры кишечного воспаления определялись при помощи CITO TEST Calprotectin-Lactoferrin. Результаты. Сопоставление результатов эндоскопического исследования с результатами определения фекальных маркеров кишечного воспаления свидетельствует о достоверной степени совпадений (95 %, p < 0,05) положительных результатов CITO TEST Calprotectin-Lactoferrin с определяемыми эндоскопически признаками воспалительного процесса в толстом кишечнике. Выводы. Показано, что предлагаемый в качестве скрининговой диагностики метод определения фекальных маркеров кишечного воспаления обладает достаточной чувствительностью и может быть использован на догоспитальном и первичном диагностическом этапах, в том числе и для выделения группы пациентов для последующего эндоскопического исследования.