bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building democratic citizenship competencies in K-5 economics through analysis of popular culture
Authors: Casey Erin M. , Casey Jay H. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Development of economic understandings fosters the growth of democratic citizenship competencies. Elements of popular culture should be recognized for the influence they have on children’s economic decisions. Children should learn of the concept of popular culture to regulate its effect on their habits and understand how it has shaped the lives of people throughout history. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a C3 inquiry investigation, this study explored if students from fifth grade to kindergarten could be engaged in higher-level thinking about economic concepts through the analysis of elements of popular culture in historical primary sources and then continue that analysis into popular culture of their own lives. Analyses of students’ discussions during each stage of the study provide descriptive statistics and themes to reveal understandings.

Findings
Results imply that children can successfully engage in document analysis and creation of accurate present-day popular culture artifacts and that children in second grade and above were subsequently influenced in their economic understandings about spending and saving money from popular culture analyses. Children in first grade and kindergarten were not successfully able to express these deeper connections, which may be explained by cognitive theory offered for this age range.

Originality/value
This research offers a unique way of combining the analysis of historic and present-day primary sources in order to understand the influences popular culture can have on economic-based behaviors. Novel approaches, which use the C3 framework to engage students in higher-order thinking of social studies disciplines, will help build stronger democratic citizenship competencies in children.
Nemolizumab in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: An exploratory analysis of work productivity and activity impairment in a randomized phase II study
Authors: Mihara Ryosuke , Kabashima Kenji , Furue Masutaka , Nakano Miwa , Ruzicka Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis negatively impacts work productivity. This study investigated the impact of nemolizumab on work productivity and activity impairment in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical treatments in a two‐part, phase II, randomized control trial. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment – Atopic Dermatitis questionnaire was an exploratory end‐point. Part A was a 12‐week, placebo‐controlled study in which patients received s.c. nemolizumab 0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg every 4 weeks or 2.0 mg/kg every 8 weeks. Part B was a 52‐week extension in which all patients received active treatment. A total of 138 patients had Work Productivity and Activity Impairment – Atopic Dermatitis data; 104 were employed at baseline. At week 12, patients receiving nemolizumab every 4 weeks showed greater mean (standard error) Work Productivity and Activity Impairment – Atopic Dermatitis improvement (score reduction) from baseline versus placebo: Percent Work Time Missed (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg vs placebo): –4.0% (3.9%), –1.7% (4.2%) and –1.6% (4.2%) versus 4.9% (4.5%); Percent Impairment While Working, –15.8% (6.0%), –24.1% (6.5%) and –34.3% (6.4%) versus –16.5% (7.1%); Percent Overall Work Impairment, –16.3% (6.0%), –23.1% (6.5%) and –34.5% (6.3%) versus –16.6% (7.1%); and Percent Activity Impairment, –13.4% (5.3%), –23.5% (5.3%) and –41.9% (5.5%) versus –10.9% (5.7%). Improvements were sustained through week 64. Nemolizumab‐treated patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis reported improvements in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment through week 64.
Remnant forest in Costa Rican working landscapes fosters bird communities that are indistinguishable from protected areas
Authors: Karp Daniel S. , Echeverri Alejandra , Zook Jim , Juárez Pedro , Ke Alison , Krishnan Jaya , Chan Kai M.A. , Frishkoff Luke O. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The outcome of the ongoing biodiversity crisis depends on the capacity of the Earth’s wildlife to persist in working landscapes. Yet, the species that occupy working landscapes are often distinct from those in protected areas, with a large group of “sensitive species” thought to rarely venture into human‐dominated landscapes. As governments have committed to restoring degraded lands world‐wide, determining whether and how working landscapes can be restored to benefit sensitive species remains a major challenge.

We surveyed Neotropical birds across Northwestern Costa Rica in protected areas, farms and forests embedded within working landscapes. We analysed community composition to understand how gradients of forest cover, fragmentation and regional precipitation determine how conserving (or restoring) tropical forests in working landscapes could safeguard entire communities, especially sensitive species with limited ranges.

We found agricultural sites maintained relatively high bird diversity but hosted very distinct communities from those found in protected areas. The average range size of species found in agricultural communities was double the size of species in protected areas. However, high forest cover sites in working landscapes housed bird communities with small range sizes that were equivalent to those in nearby protected areas, despite being twice as fragmented and significantly more disturbed.

The effect of local forest cover on bird composition was contingent on both landscape context and regional climate. When local forest cover increased in wetter regions and more forested landscapes, bird communities in working landscapes exhibited a stronger shift towards the assemblages found in protected areas. Specifically, we found that reforesting the wettest sites would increase similarity to protected areas fourfold compared to only a twofold increase in the driest sites.

Synthesis and applications. Despite experiencing much more fragmentation and degradation than protected areas, forests in Costa Rican working landscapes can maintain bird communities that strongly resemble those found in protected areas. This suggests that conserving or restoring forests in working landscapes, particularly within wetter regions and already forested landscapes, may safeguard bird communities when creating protected areas is infeasible.
Modelling the combined impact of interventions in averting deaths during a synthetic‐opioid overdose epidemic
Authors: Irvine Michael A. , Kuo Margot , Buxton Jane A. , Balshaw Robert , Otterstatter Michael , Macdougall Laura , Milloy M‐J. , Bharmal Aamir , Henry Bonnie , Tyndall Mark , Coombs Daniel , Gilbert Mark 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThe province of British Columbia (BC) Canada has experienced a rapid increase in illicit drug overdoses and deaths during the last 4 years, with a provincial emergency declared in April 2016. These deaths have been driven primarily by the introduction of synthetic opioids into the illicit opioid supply. This study aimed to measure the combined impact of large‐scale opioid overdose interventions implemented in BC between April 2016 and December 2017 on the number of deaths averted.DesignWe expanded on the mathematical modelling methodology of our previous study to construct a Bayesian hierarchical latent Markov process model to estimate monthly overdose and overdose‐death risk, along with the impact of interventions.Setting and CasesOverdose events and overdose‐related deaths in BC from January 2012 to December 2017.InterventionsThe interventions considered were take‐home naloxone kits, overdose prevention/supervised consumption sites and opioid agonist therapyMeasurementsCounterfactual simulations were performed with the fitted model to estimate the number of death events averted for each intervention and in combination.FindingsBetween April 2016 and December 2017, BC observed 2177 overdose deaths (77% fentanyl‐detected). During the same period, an estimated 3030 (2900–3240) death events were averted by all interventions combined. In isolation, 1580 (1480–1740) were averted by take‐home naloxone, 230 (160–350) by overdose prevention services and 590 (510–720) were averted by opioid agonist therapy.ConclusionsA combined intervention approach has been effective in averting overdose deaths during British Columbia's opioid overdose crisis in the period since declaration of a public health emergency (April 2016–December 2017). However, the absolute numbers of overdose deaths have not changed.
In vitro antioxidation effect of Quercetin on sperm function from the infertile patients with leukocytospermia
Authors: Diao Ruiying , Gan Huimei , Tian Fuying , Cai Xueyong , Zhen Wanhua , Song Xiaolu , Duan Yong‐Gang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblemQuercetin has been shown to display intensive antioxidant activity against ROS‐mediated damage in chilled semen, and the effects and molecular mechanisms of Quercetin on sperm function in the infertile patients with leukocytospermia remain largely unknown.MethodsSemen samples were collected from the infertile men with leukocytospermia (n = 56) and fertile men (n = 44). Computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA) was used to determine sperm motility before and after Quercetin incubation (10 μmol/L). Changes in H2O2, sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cytochrome B (Cty B), and NADH dehydrogenase 5 (NADH5) contents were measured. Furthermore, hyperactivated motility (HA) and acrosome reaction rates were detected after the stimulation by progesterone with or without Quercetin, respectively.ResultsQuercetin could significantly improve sperm motility from the leukocytospermic patients. The level of H2O2was significantly decreased in the supernatant of leukocytospermic patients after Quercetin treatment. The content of mtDNA in sperm was significantly decreased, whereas the contents of Cyt B and NADH 5 in sperm were significantly increased. Sperm hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction induced by progesterone were enhanced by Quercetin in sperm from the infertile men with leukocytospermia.ConclusionThese data indicate Quercetin could display protective effects against oxidative damage on sperm from the infertile men with leukocytospermia.
Clinical and demographic predictors of repeat stone surgery
Authors: Iremashvili Viacheslav , Li Shuang , Best Sara L. , Hedican Sean P. , Nakada Stephen Y. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo identify the clinical and demographic predictors of repeat stone surgery.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 1496 consecutive patients, aged > 18 years, who underwent stone surgery at our institution in the period from January 2009 to May 2017 and who had at least 12 months of postoperative follow‐up. We defined surgical recurrence as repeat surgery on the same renal unit or on the opposite renal unit if the original imaging did not demonstrate significant stones on that side. Characteristics associated with the risk of surgical recurrence in univariate Cox regression analysis were entered into a multivariate model.ResultsMost patients underwent ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (83.0%). Approximately 60% of the patients had a personal history of stone disease and 50% were obese. Over a mean (median; interquartile range) follow‐up of 4.1 (3.9; 2.4–5.9) years, 24.5% of patients had surgical recurrence, with 82% of repeat surgeries performed for symptomatic nephrolithiasis. The factors associated with increased risk of surgical recurrence in the multivariate model were: age <60 years, female gender, malabsorptive gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, recurrent urinary tract infections, personal history of nephrolithiasis, renal stones and bilateral nephrolithiasis. The hazard ratios for these variables ranged within an interval of <0.5 (from 1.30 to 1.71).ConclusionWe identified eight demographic and clinical factors associated with increased risk of repeat renal stone surgery. These factors could be combined as a numerical count that allows stratification of patients into low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk subgroups.
Roles of organic anion transporter 2 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 in hepatic disposition and antiviral activity of entecavir during non‐pregnancy and pregnancy
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Lu Shuanghui , Sun Dongli , Bai Mengru , Jiang Ting , Lin Nengming , Zhou Hui , Zeng Su , Jiang Huidi 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeEntecavir (ETV), a first‐line antiviral drug against hepatitis B virus (HBV), has the possibility to be used to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission. The aim of present study was to clarify the mechanism of ETV uptake into hepatocytes and evaluate the alteration of ETV's hepatic distribution during pregnancy.Experimental ApproachThe roles of equilibrative nucleotide transporter (ENT) 1 and organic anion transporter (OAT) 2 in ETV accumulation and anti‐HBV efficacy were studied in human ENT1 or OAT2 overexpressed cell models and HepG2.2.15 cells, respectively; meanwhile, the liver‐to‐plasma ETV concentration ratios in non‐pregnant and pregnant mice were measured to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on ETV hepatic distribution.Key ResultsETV was shown to be a substrate of ENT1 and OAT2. An ENT1 inhibitor significantly decreased the efficacy of ETV in HepG2.2.15 cells, while overexpression of OAT2 increased susceptibility of HBV to ETV. The liver‐to‐plasma ETV concentration ratios in pregnant mice were sharply reduced; whereas, the absolute concentration of ETV in the liver did not obviously alter in pregnancy. Although oestradiol and progesterone showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition on ETV accumulation both in hepatic cell lines and in primary human hepatocytes, a physiologically relevant concentration of oestradiol and progesterone did not affect antiviral activity of ETV.Conclusions and ImplicationsOAT2 and ENT1 are the main transporters involved in the hepatic uptake and anti‐HBV efficacy of ETV. The concentration of ETV in the liver was not obviously altered during pregnancy, which indicates that dosage adjustment in pregnancy is not necessary.
Paradoxical effects of exercise on hippocampal plasticity and cognition in mice with a heterozygous null mutation in the serotonin transporter gene
Authors: Rogers Jake , Chen Feng , Stanic Davor , Farzana Farheen , Li Shanshan , Zeleznikow‐Johnston Ariel M. , Nithianantharajah Jess , Churilov Leonid , Adlard Paul A. , Lanfumey Laurence , Hannan Anthony J. , Renoir Thibault 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeExercise is known to improve cognitive function, but the exact synaptic and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the potential role of the serotonin (5‐HT) transporter (SERT) in mediating these effects.Experimental ApproachHippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) and neurogenesis were measured in standard‐housed and exercising (wheel running) wild‐type (WT) and SERT heterozygous (HET) mice. We also assessed hippocampal‐dependent cognition using the Morris water maze (MWM) and a spatial pattern separation touchscreen task.Key ResultsSERT HET mice had impaired hippocampal LTP regardless of the housing conditions. Exercise increased hippocampal neurogenesis in WT mice. However, this was not observed in SERT HET animals, even though both genotypes used the running wheels to a similar extent. We also found that standard‐housed SERT HET mice displayed altered cognitive flexibility than WT littermate controls in the MWM reversal learning task. However, SERT HET mice no longer exhibited this phenotype after exercise. Cognitive changes, specific to SERT HET mice in the exercise condition, were also revealed on the touchscreen spatial pattern separation task, especially when the cognitive pattern separation load was at its highest.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study is the first evidence of reduced hippocampal LTP in SERT HET mice. We also show that functional SERT is required for exercise‐induced increase in adult neurogenesis. Paradoxically, exercise had a negative impact on hippocampal‐dependent cognitive tasks, especially in SERT HET mice. Taken together, our results suggest unique complex interactions between exercise and altered 5‐HT homeostasis.
Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography‐guided transcatheter closure of multiple mitral paravalvular leaks demonstrating real time avoidance of device‐induced valve malfunction
Authors: Harrington Jamie K. , Porras Diego , Maschietto Nicola , Marx Gerald R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTranscatheter closure of mitral paravalvular leaks has become an accepted alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients at high risk for reoperation. Device placement using three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance allows en‐face views of the valve and provides detailed information for device sizing and placement. We present a case demonstrating hybrid transapical transcatheter 3D TEE‐guided closure of two mitral paravalvular leaks. We demonstrate real time 3D TEE guidance for device sizing and placement, and early real time recognition of mechanical mitral valve leaflet impairment during device deployment.
Comparison of pheromone trap design and lures for Spodoptera frugiperda in Togo and genetic characterization of moths caught
Authors: Meagher Robert L. , Agboka Komi , Tounou Agbeko Kodjo , Koffi Djima , Agbevohia Koffi Aquilas , Amouze Tomfeï Richard , Adjévi Kossi Mawuko , Nagoshi Rodney N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a pest of grain and vegetable crops endemic to the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in sub‐Saharan Africa and has appeared in India. An important tool for monitoring S. frugiperda in the USA is pheromone trapping, which would be of value for use with African populations. Field experiments were conducted in Togo (West Africa) to compare capture of male fall armyworm using three commercially available pheromone lures and three trap designs. The objectives were to identify optimum trap × lure combinations with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and cost. Almost 400 moths were captured during the experiment. Differences were found in the number of S. frugiperda moths captured in the various trap designs and with the three pheromone lures, and in the number of non‐target moths captured with each lure. The merits of each trap × lure combination are discussed with respect to use in Africa. A nearly equal number of COI‐CS (161) and COI‐RS (158) moths was captured with no differences found in COI marker proportions among traps or lures. However, the diagnostic rice strain marker Tpi was rarely found. Overall, the genetic characterization of the pheromone trap collections indicated a consistent distribution of genetic markers from 2016 to 2017, suggesting a population at or near equilibrium.
Behavioral problems in children of mothers with epilepsy prenatally exposed to valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam monotherapy
Authors: Huber‐Mollema Yfke , Oort Frans J. , Lindhout Dick , Rodenburg Roos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the behavioral functioning of children prenatally exposed to carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), or valproate (VPA) monotherapy.MethodsIn collaboration with the European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy (EURAP), the Dutch EURAP & Development study was designed, a prospective observational study. Between January 2015 and March 2018, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Social Emotional Questionnaire were used to examine the nature and severity of behavioral problems. VPA‐exposed children were compared to children exposed to CBZ, LTG, or LEV, taking potential confounders into account. A direct comparison was also made between LTG and LEV, as these are first‐choice treatments for many women with epilepsy of childbearing potential.ResultsOf the 405 invited, 181 children were included; 26 were exposed to VPA, 37 to CBZ, 88 to LTG, and 30 to LEV. For most children, both parents completed the behavioral questionnaires. Across all four antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure groups, high percentages of children with clinically relevant behavior problems were found, with behavioral problems occurring in 32% of VPA‐exposed children, 14% of CBZ, 16% of LTG, and 14% of LEV. After controlling for potential confounders, VPA‐exposed children had significantly more social problems than those exposed to LTG (−2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.2 to −0.4; P = 0.022) or LEV (−3.2, CI: −6.1 to −0.3; P = 0.028), and significantly more attention problems than LEV‐exposed children (−3.7, CI: −6.7 to −0.8; P = 0.013). LTG‐exposed children had significantly more attention deficit (−9.2, CI: −17.3 to 1.1; P = 0.026), but significantly less anxious behavior when compared to LEV‐exposed children (9.0, CI: 0.3‐17.6; P = 0.042).SignificanceCompared to population norms, a high proportion of children of mothers with epilepsy exposed prenatally to monotherapy with four common AEDs had clinical behavioral problems reported by parents. Different patterns were seen, with some but not all subscales raised for all AED exposure groups. It is important that prenatally AED‐exposed children are regularly screened for behavioral problems so that appropriate help can be provided.
Usefulness of brain perfusion CT in focal‐onset status epilepticus
Authors: González‐Cuevas Montserrat , Coscojuela Pilar , Santamarina Estevo , Pareto Deborah , Quintana Manuel , Sueiras María , Guzman Lorena , Sarria Silvana , Salas‐Puig Xavier , Toledo Manuel , Rovira Àlex 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the perfusion computed tomography (PCT) patterns in patients with status epilepticus (SE).MethodsWe included consecutive SE patients, diagnosed by ictal encephalography (EEG) findings and clinical semiology, who prospectively underwent a dedicated PCT study of SE in the ictal phase. The perfusion maps were visually analyzed. For the quantitative assessment, regions of interest in areas where the maps suggested abnormalities were compared with the corresponding area in the unaffected contralateral cortex. Asymmetry indices between affected and unaffected hemispheres were calculated for the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT). Nine patients underwent a follow‐up PCT after SE resolution, and the corresponding maps were compared to the ictal maps. In addition, we included a control group of 10 sex‐ and age‐matched patients with SE mimics or postictal phenomena, who also underwent acute PCT during the study period.ResultsThe study included 19 patients: mean age 69.47 ± (standard deviation) 15.9 years, 68.4% men. On visual analysis of parametric perfusion maps during the ictal phase, regional cortical hyperperfusion was depicted in 78.9% of patients. Quantitative analysis showed significantly increased rCBF (P = 0.002) and rCBV (P = 0.004) values and decreased TTP (P < 0.001) and MTT (P = 0.001) in cortical areas of the affected vs the unaffected side. The mean asymmetry index was 12.8 for rCBF, 13.7 for rCBV, −3.0 for TTP, and −3.7 for MMT. In the nine patients with a follow‐up PCT, eight showed decreased intensity, rCBV (P = 0.035), and rCBF (P = 0.024) in the hyperperfusion areas. The sensitivity of hyperperfusion detection for the diagnosis of SE was 78.95%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 93.75%, and negative predictive value 69.23%. Comparative quantitative analysis of asymmetry indices for rCBF, rCBV, and MTT between ictal PCT and control patients showed significant differences for all parameters (rCBF P = 0.001; rCBV P = 0.002; TTP P = 0.001; and MTT P = 0.001).SignificanceVisual and quantitative analysis of perfusion maps detects regional hyperperfusion in SE patients with good diagnostic capability. Perfusion was increased in PCT maps of the affected cerebral hemisphere as compared to the contralateral region during the ictal phase. PCT may provide valuable diagnostic information in patients with SE and complement the diagnostic value of EEG.