bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary hypophysitis: Experience of a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Korkmaz Ozge Polat , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Apaydin Tugce , Durmaz Emine Sebnem , Haliloglu Ozlem , Durcan Emre , Kadioglu Pinar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose The authors review the clinical outcomes of patients with primary hypophysitis (PH).
Methods Patients with PH who were followed up between 2007 and 2018 at our clinic were evaluated. Clinical, endocrinologic, pathologic, radiologic findings and treatment modalities were assessed.
Results Seventeen patients with PH were assessed. The median follow-up was 24 (range, 6–84) months. Histologic confirmation was available in 8 patients (6 lymphocytic hypophysitis, 1 lymphocytic-granulomatous hypophysitis, 1 xanthomatous hypophysitis). None of the cases were diagnosed after pregnancy. Two patients had an autoimmune disease. The most commonly seen symptom was headache. The most common anterior pituitary deficiencies were hypocortisolemia and hypothyroidism. The radiologic findings of the patients at the time of diagnosis revealed various results including space-occupying lesion (41.2%), loss of posterior hypophysis bright spot (47.1%), pituitary stalk thickening (41.2%), uniform contrast enhancement (17.6%), partially empty sella (11.8%), optic chiasm compression (11.8%). The most frequent initial treatment modality was observation. Ten patients who were followed up conservatively had no endocrinologic deterioration; additional treatment was not needed in 8 of these 10 patients. The second most frequent initial treatment modality was pituitary surgery. Five patients received steroid treatment. We found serious adverse effects during steroid treatment in 3 of 5 (60%) patients; unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head (n=2), diabetes mellitus(n=1).
Conclusion Correctly diagnosing PH and giving appropriate treatment is challenging. It is unclear whether active treatment with steroids improves clinical outcomes. The serious adverse effects of steroids are also taken into account. Observation, surgery and/or radiotherapy can be appropriate treatment modalities for selected patients.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage versus percutaneous cholecystostomy for high risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luk Sally Wai-Yin , Irani Shayan , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh , Wong Lau James Yun , Wai Ng Enders Kwok , Teoh Anthony Yuen-Bum 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is an effective and safe alternative to percutaneous drainage (PT-GBD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare these two procedures in high risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis.
Methods A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted for all articles published up to October 2017 to identify comparative studies between EUS-GBD and PT-GBD. A meta-analysis was performed on outcomes including technical success, clinical success, post-procedure adverse events, length of hospital stay, unplanned hospital readmission, need for reintervention, recurrent cholecystitis, and disease- or treatment-related mortality for these two procedures.
Results Five comparative studies (206 patients in the EUS-GBD group vs. 289 patients in the PT-GBD group), were included in the final analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in technical success (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.12 to 1.58; P  = 0.21; I
2 = 0 %) and clinical success (OR 1.07, 95 %CI 0.36 to 3.16; P  = 0.90; I
2 = 44 %) between the two procedures. EUS-GBD had fewer adverse events than PT-GBD (OR 0.43, 95 %CI 0.18 to 1.00; P  = 0.05; I
2 = 66 %). Moreover, patients undergoing EUS-GBD had shorter hospital stays, with pooled standard mean difference of – 2.53 (95 %CI – 4.28 to – 0.78; P = 0.005; I
2 = 98 %), and required significantly fewer reinterventions (OR 0.16, 95 %CI 0.04 to 0.042; P <  0.001; I
2 = 32 %) resulting in significantly fewer unplanned readmissions (OR 0.16, 95 %CI 0.05 to 0.53; P  = 0.003; I
2 = 79 %).
Conclusions EUS-GBD was associated with lower rates of post-procedure adverse events, shorter hospital stays, and fewer reinterventions and readmissions compared with PT-GBD in patients with acute cholecystitis who were unfit for surgery.
Computational Drug-repositioning Approach Identifying Sirolimus as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shibata Kyoko , Endo Toshinori , Kuribayashi Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine promising treatment options for human inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy using a computational drug-repositioning approach (repurposing established drug compounds for new therapeutic indications).
Background If the myocardial tissue is detected to be infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primarily of lymphocytes, and if the virus is confirmed using genetic examination (PCR) or immunostaining, the infection is suspected. However, there is no specific treatment (i. e., an antiviral drug) even if the virus is identified; therefore, we used Connectivity Map to identify compounds showing inverse drug–disease signatures, indicating activity against inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
Results Potential drug-repositioning candidates for the treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy were explored through a systematic comparison of the gene expression profiles induced by drugs using Gene Expression Omnibus and Connectivity Map databases.
Conclusion Using a computational drug-repositioning approach based on the integration of publicly available gene expression signatures of drugs and diseases, sirolimus was suggested as a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection and Basilar Artery Occlusion/Stroke in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Phung Binh , Shah Trusha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVertebral artery dissection (VAD) followed by basilar artery occlusion/stroke (BAO/BAS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. We present a case report of a 7-year-old boy with VAD complicated by BAO/BAS 4 days after falling off a scooter. Symptoms included left-sided weakness and facial droop preceded by a 20-minute episode of altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic changes in the left posterior inferior cerebellum and right pons. Computed tomography angiogram confirmed dissection of the left vertebral artery with occlusion/thrombosis of the basilar artery. Heparinization for 96 hours, followed by 6 months of low-molecular weight heparin injection, resulted in improvement of his neurological symptoms.
Social and juristic challenges of artificial intelligence
Authors: Perc Matjaž , Ozer Mahmut , Hojnik Janja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArtificial intelligence is becoming seamlessly integrated into our everyday lives, augmenting our knowledge and capabilities in driving, avoiding traffic, finding friends, choosing the perfect movie, and even cooking a healthier meal. It also has a significant impact on many aspects of society and industry, ranging from scientific discovery, healthcare and medical diagnostics to smart cities, transport and sustainability. Within this 21st century ‘man meets machine’ reality unfolding, several social and juristic challenges emerge for which we are poorly prepared. We here review social dilemmas where individual interests are at odds with the interests of others, and where artificial intelligence might have a particularly hard time making the right decision. An example thereof is the well-known social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. We also review juristic challenges, with a focus on torts that are at least partly or seemingly due to artificial intelligence, resulting in the claimant suffering a loss or harm. Here the challenge is to determine who is legally liable, and to what extent. We conclude with an outlook and with a short set of guidelines for constructively mitigating described challenges.
Consecutive seeding and transfer of genetic diversity in metastasis
Authors: Heyde Alexander , Reiter Johannes G. , Naxerova Kamila , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The success of cancer treatment largely depends on the genetic mutations present within metastases, which cause 90% of cancer-related deaths. Genetically diverse metastases are more likely to harbor resistance mutations, contributing to treatment failure. It is often assumed that each metastasis is seeded exactly once, such that its diversity cannot be inherited and instead must emerge entirely during growth, yet many metastases have a diversity pattern inconsistent with this assumption. We introduce a mathematical model of consecutive seeding by multiple cells that can explain these patterns. We then apply this model to tumor sequencing data to infer that 10 to 150 cells seeded each metastasis. We derive predictions for the fraction of transferred diversity and the proportion of polyclonal lesions.
Impact of jamming criticality on low-temperature anomalies in structural glasses
Authors: Franz Silvio , Maimbourg Thibaud , Parisi Giorgio , Scardicchio Antonello 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceThe thermodynamics of glasses (disordered solids) exhibits experimentally a universal behavior upon cooling below 10 K that is very different from regular solids. Theoretical interpretations of this discrepancy are notably hard to vindicate from first principles. Here, through the analytic solution of a simple microscopic model of a glass, we propose an alternative scenario to quantum tunneling between similar energy states. We suggest that the anomalous scaling gets broader in temperature range as the system is uncompressed toward the jamming transition where, classically, soft spherical particles would be in contact in their ground state. This scaling is thus most easily detected close to jamming and fades out away from it.
Structured, uncertainty-driven exploration in real-world consumer choice
Authors: Schulz Eric , Bhui Rahul , Love Bradley C. , Brier Bastien , Todd Michael T. , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceWe study how people make choices among a large number of options when they have limited experience. In a large dataset of online food delivery purchases, we find evidence for sophisticated exploration strategies predicted by contemporary theories. People actively seek to reduce their uncertainty about restaurants and use similarity-based generalization to guide their selections. Our findings suggest that theories of exploratory choice have real-world validity.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00673-v4 promotes aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma via activating WNT/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Guan Hongyu , Zhu Ting , Wu Shanshan , Liu Shihua , Liu Bangdong , Wu Jueheng , Cai Junchao , Zhu Xun , Zhang Xin , Zeng Musheng , Li Jun , Song Erwei , Li Mengfeng 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceThis study uncovers a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanism underlying lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) metastasis. We here report that lncRNA LINC00673-v4 expression is up-regulated in LAD and is associated with disease progression. At the molecular level, LINC00673-v4 acts as a scaffold molecule that promotes the interaction between DDX3 and CK1ε and thus the phosphorylation of dishevelled, which subsequently activates WNT/β-catenin signaling and consequently causes aggressiveness of LAD. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against LINC00673-v4 strongly suppresses LAD metastasis in vivo.
Intravital 2-photon imaging reveals distinct morphology and infiltrative properties of glioblastoma-associated macrophages
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Ross James L. , Hambardzumyan Dolores 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Therapeutic strategies targeting glioblastoma (GBM) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have shown limited efficacy. One reason for this limited effectiveness is our poor understanding of the fundamental characteristics driving the behavior of these cells. Here we report a combination of immunocompetent lineage tracing mouse models of GBM with an open skull window for in vivo observation of TAM constituents via 2-photon microscopy. We show that TAMs are composed of 2 morphologically and behaviorally distinct cell types: brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). After treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A antibody, we observed significant reductions in BMDM infiltration and morphological responses. These studies provide a platform for monitoring the multidimensional responses of specific cell populations to therapeutic intervention in real time.
A heuristic derived from analysis of the ion channel structural proteome permits the rapid identification of hydrophobic gates
Authors: Rao Shanlin , Klesse Gianni , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Tucker Stephen J. , Sansom Mark S. P. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Ion channels are nanoscale protein pores in cell membranes. An exponentially increasing number of structures for channels means that computational methods for predicting their functional state are needed. Hydrophobic gates in ion channels result in local dewetting of pores, which functionally closes them to water and ion permeation. We use simulations of water behavior within nearly 200 different ion channel structures to explore how the radius and hydrophobicity of pores determine their hydration vs. dewetting behavior. Machine learning-assisted analysis of these simulations allowed us to propose a simple model for this relationship and present an easy method for rapidly predicting the functional state of new channel structures as they emerge.
Bioengineering commensal bacteria‐derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
Authors: Carvalho Ana L. , Fonseca Sonia , Miquel‐Clopés Ariadna , Cross Kathryn , Kok Khoon‐S. , Wegmann Udo , Gil‐Cardoso Katherine , Bentley Eleanor G. , Al Katy Sanaria H.M. , Coombes Janine L. , Kipar Anja , Stentz Regis , Stewart James P. , Carding Simon R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTGram‐negative bacteria naturally produce and secrete nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the human gastrointestinal tract, OMVs produced by commensal Gram‐negative bacteria can mediate interactions amongst host cells (including between epithelial cells and immune cells) and maintain microbial homeostasis. This OMV‐mediated pathway for host‐microbe interactions could be exploited to deliver biologically active proteins to the body. To test this we engineered the Gram‐negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a prominent member of the intestinal microbiota of all animals, to incorporate bacteria‐, virus‐ and human‐derived proteins into its OMVs. We then used the engineered Bt OMVs to deliver these proteins to the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI)‐tract to protect against infection, tissue inflammation and injury. Our findings demonstrate the ability to express and package both Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium‐derived vaccine antigens and influenza A virus (IAV)‐derived vaccine antigens within or on the outer membrane of Bt OMVs. These antigens were in a form capable of eliciting antigen‐specific immune and antibody responses in both mucosal tissues and systemically. Furthermore, immunisation with OMVs containing the core stalk region of the IAV H5 hemagglutinin from an H5N1 strain induced heterotypic protection in mice to a 10‐fold lethal dose of an unrelated subtype (H1N1) of IAV. We also showed that OMVs could express the human therapeutic protein, keratinocyte growth factor‐2 (KGF‐2), in a stable form that, when delivered orally, reduced disease severity and promoted intestinal epithelial repair and recovery in animals administered colitis‐inducing dextran sodium sulfate. Collectively, our data demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of using Bt OMVs as a mucosal biologics and drug delivery platform technology.
Fermion Propagator in QED - Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Transformations
Authors: Dall’Olio Pietro , Bashir Adnan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gauge theories such as quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describe the physical world accurately at the level of fundamental particles. They possess gauge symmetry reflected in terms of several identities and transformation laws which impose tight constraints on all conceivable Green functions which define the theory. In this article, we describe and summarize the role played by the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin (LKF) transformations in this context. Within the set of covariant gauges, these transformations tell us how to construct a Green function in an arbitrary gauge, starting from its explicit expression in a particular gauge. In perturbation theory, these transformations are satisfied at every order of approximation. A non-perturbative description of QED and QCD in the continuum is provided by the Schwinger-Dyson Equations (SDEs). These are the fundamental equations of motion encoding the dynamics of Green functions. These equations provide a unified description of weak and strong coupling regimes and are thus increasingly employed to study strongly interacting theories and their transition to the perturbative limit. As these equations are an infinite set of coupled non-linear equations, a truncation is essential to reduce them to a solvable number. LKF transformations provide a stringent constraint on the acceptable truncations which preserve the original symmetries of the gauge theory involved. Most of these truncations consist in cleverly constructing an Anstaz for the electron-photon vertex in QED and the quark-gluon vertex in QCD. In this article, we review the LKF transformations for the fermion propagator. Very importantly, they imply the gauge invariance of the chiral fermion condensate and the pole mass of a fermion. We provide the first demonstration of the latter in this article. Moreover, we also describe how the LKF transformations of the fermion propagator provide gauge-symmetry constraints on a non-perturbative construction of the three-point fermion-boson vertex.
Spinning particles and higher spin field equations
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Bonezzi Roberto , Corradini Olindo , Latini Emanuele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relativistic particles with higher spin can be described in first quantization using actions with local supersymmetry on the worldline. First, we present a brief review of these actions and their use in first quantization. In a Dirac quantization scheme the field equations emerge as Dirac constraints on the Hilbert space, and we outline how they lead to the description of higher spin fields in terms of the more standard Fronsdal-Labastida equations. Then, we describe how these actions can be extended so that the propagating particle is allowed to take different values of the spin, i.e. carry a reducible representation of the Poincaré group. This way one may identify a four dimensional model that carries the same degrees of freedom of the minimal Vasiliev’s interacting higher spin field theory. Extensions to massive particles and to propagation on (A)dS spaces are also briefly commented upon.
Graviton self-energy from worldlines
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Bonezzi Roberto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Worldline approaches, when available, often simplify and make more efficient the calculation of various observables in quantum field theories. In this contribution we first review the calculation of the graviton self-energy due to a loop of virtual particles of spin 0, 1/2 and 1, all of which have a well-known worldline description. For the case of the graviton itself, an elegant worldline description is still missing, though one can still describe it by constructing a worldline representation of the differential operators that arise in the quadratic approximation of the Einstein-Hilbert action. We have recently analyzed the latter approach, and we use it here to calculate the one-loop graviton self energy due to the graviton itself in this formalism.
On the behaviour of non-radial null geodesics in self-similar Tolman-Bondi collapse
Authors: Ortiz Néstor , Sarbach Olivier , Zannias Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Motivated by recent work on the structure of the singularity in inhomogeneous Tolman-Bondi collapse models, we investigate the behaviour of null geodesics in the particular case where the collapse is self-similar. The presence of the homothetic Killing vector field implies that the geodesic equation can be described by an integrable Hamiltonian system, and exploiting this fact we provide a full qualitative picture for its phase flow.
Time Dependent Conserved Charges and their Gauging – A Modest Case Study in Shared Memory of Victor
Authors: Govaerts Jan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There exist instances of dynamical systems possessing symmetry transformations of which the conserved Noether charges generating these symmetries feature an explicit time dependence in their functional representation over phase space. The generators of such symmetries certainly do not commute with the Hamiltonian, and yet these charges are conserved observables for the classical and quantised dynamics. Furthermore within the Hamiltonian formalism and in the case of global symmetries such charges may be gauged to allow for arbitrary time dependent symmetry transformations, simply by extending the Hamiltonian to include the Noether charges as first-class constraints. An explicit illustration of these issues is presented in a simple and most familiar model that applies also to the constant gravitational force. This note draws its primary motivation from the quest towards a theory for quantum gravity, in wanting to understand better the tension existing between the local Equivalence Principle of the gravitational interaction and the fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics by considering the formulation of quantum systems relative to reference frames that are inertial or noninertial, and thus accelerated relative to one another through arbitrary time dependent spatial translations.
Nano- and microstructured plasmonic substrates for laser and spectral applications
Authors: Nguyen T T H , Kudryashov S I , Danilov P A , Ionin A A , Khmelnitskii R A , Rudenko A A , Saraeva I N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nano- and micro-structures of thin plasmonic films by focused femtosecond laser pulses was demonstrated as chemo- and bio-sensing substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies. As an example, large regular arrays of microholes (mm-sized laboratory-scale) of millions holes with variable periods were produced in thin films of diverse plasmonic metals or alloys, demonstrating surface plasmon-polariton enhanced extraordinary transmission.
Modelling of temperature profiles and stress in CW laser diode bars
Authors: Bezotosnyi V V , Gordeev V P , Oleshchenko V A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present the results of 3D thermal regimes modelling of CW laser diode arrays (LDA) assembled on the CS-mount type heat sinks. The dependences of the LDA temperature profiles on the fill factor (FF) of the LDA aperture at different levels of thermal load in different sections on LDA, including those inaccessible for direct experimental measurement calculated and discussed.