bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: pressure to close the therapeutic window of non‐selective beta blockers?
Authors: Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tergast et al and Tergast and Maasoumy papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15439 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15489.
Letter: hepatocellular carcinoma negatively affects sustained virological response of direct‐acting anti‐viral treatment in decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: He Caini , Li Shen , Zhao Yunyu , Ji Fanpu 
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mecci et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15296.
Letter: decreased neonatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) viremia by maternal tenofovir treatment predicts reduced chronic HBV infection in children born to highly viremic mothers
Authors: Peng Chen , Jiexin Lei , Benhong Zhou 
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Chang et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15321.
Semen quality improvement in boars fed with supplemental wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)
Authors: Yang Qiang , Xing Yuyun , Qiao Chuanmin , Liu Weiwei , Jiang Haoyun , Fu Qiang , Zhou Yu , Yang Bin , Zhang Zhiyan , Chen Rongrong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWolfberry is well known for its health benefits in Asian countries. This study consisted of two experiments. In Experiment 1, nine boars were provided 40 g dried wolfberry per 100 kg body weight per day in addition to regular feed for 160 days (divided into 40 days phases: I, II, III, and IV) under step‐down air temperature conditions. Controls (n = 9) were fed regular feed only. Significant (p < .05 or p < .01) or slight improvements in sperm progressive motility, total abnormality rate, sperm concentration, and total sperm per ejaculate were observed in the wolfberry group during phases II and III. No differences were observed in semen volume. After combining the data from phases II ~ IV, significant improvements were detected in all aforementioned traits (p < .05 or p < .01), except semen volume. In Experiment 2, the wolfberry group (n = 5) was fed wolfberry for 90 days and exhibited significantly reduced head, tail, and total abnormality rates (p < .05 or p < .01) in both fresh semen and semen stored for 72 hr at 17°C compared to the control group (n = 5). SOD activity also significantly increased in this group of boars. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that wolfberry has a positive effect on boar semen quality.
Impact of environmental information disclosure and real estate segments on cost of debt: Evidence from the Chinese real estate industry
Authors: Fonseka Mohan , Tian Gao‐Liang , Al Farooque Omar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe novel part of this paper is to examine the individual and joint effects of the real estate segments (RETs) and environmental information disclosure (EID) on the cost of debt (COD) in the real estate industry in China. Building on extant literature, using 1,250 firm‐year observations from 2006 to 2016 and applying both Feasible General Least Squares and Two‐stage Least Squares Instrumental Variable approaches, we provide evidence that the commercial RET leads to an increase in the COD, while EID leads to a decrease in the COD. The joint effects of the RETs and EID on the COD indicate a significantly positive relationship with the COD. This signifies that even with the increased levels of EID in commercial real estate sectors, its COD is higher than for residential real estate sectors. These findings have important policy implications for environmental risk assessments for real estate sectors, their lending institutions and wider stakeholder groups.
Northern European Salmo trutta (L.) populations are genetically divergent across geographical regions and environmental gradients
Authors: Bekkevold Dorte , Höjesjö Johan , Nielsen Einar Eg , Aldvén David , Als Thomas Damm , Sodeland Marte , Kent Matthew Peter , Lien Sigbjørn , Hansen Michael Møller 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe salmonid fish Brown trout is iconic as a model for the application of conservation genetics to understand and manage local interspecific variation. However, there is still scant information about relationships between local and large‐scale population structure, and to what extent geographical and environmental variables are associated with barriers to gene flow. We used information from 3,782 mapped SNPs developed for the present study and conducted outlier tests and gene–environment association (GEA) analyses in order to examine drivers of population structure. Analyses comprised >2,600 fish from 72 riverine populations spanning a central part of the species' distribution in northern Europe. We report hitherto unidentified genetic breaks in population structure, indicating strong barriers to gene flow. GEA loci were widely spread across genomic regions and showed correlations with climatic, abiotic and geographical parameters. In some cases, individual loci showed consistent GEA across the geographical regions Britain, Europe and Scandinavia. In other cases, correlations were observed only within a sub‐set of regions, suggesting that locus‐specific variation was associated with local processes. A paired‐population sampling design allowed us to evaluate sampling effects on detection of outlier loci and GEA. Two widely applied methods for outlier detection (pcadapt and bayescan) showed low overlap in loci identified as statistical outliers across sub‐sets of data. Two GEA analytical approaches (LFMM and RDA) showed good correspondence concerning loci associated with specific variables, but LFMM identified five times more statistically significant associations than RDA. Our results emphasize the importance of carefully considering the statistical methods applied for the hypotheses being tested in outlier analysis. Sampling design may have lower impact on results if the objective is to identify GEA loci and their population distribution. Our study provides new insights into trout populations, and results have direct management implications in serving as a tool for identification of conservation units.
Dosing equine antimicrobials: Ensuring clinical success and avoiding antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Hardefeldt L. Y. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryUnderdosing of equine antimicrobials is a global issue and may be contributing to antimicrobial resistance in horses. Recent research in Australia has identified that most antimicrobial use in peer‐reviewed literature is at a higher dose than that currently on the label for many common equine antimicrobials in the United States, the UK and Australia. These dosing regimens used are now considered the most appropriate doses to be using in horses and veterinarians treating equine patients should be aware of the contemporary dosing regimens.
Pre‐requisites, barriers and advantages of clinical informationist participation in grand round: a qualitative study
Authors: Zare‐Farashbandi Elahe , Zare‐Farashbandi Firoozeh , Adibi Peyman , Rahimi Alireza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical specialists require access to the most recent and up to date professional information. However, barriers such as insufficient time and lack of necessary information retrieval skills necessitate the presence of clinical informationist (CI) in medical teams.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the pre‐requisite for CI participation in the grand round.MethodsThis was a qualitative study carried out using content analysis approach. Study involved all fellowship students and attending physicians in the department of gastroenterology at Al‐Zahra hospital in Isfahan (Iran), who were selected using purposive sampling. Gathered reports were analysed using qualitative content analysis and concept mapping approaches.DiscussionTo improve the process of CI collaboration with clinical specialists during the educational rounds, it is necessary for CI to have certain pre‐requisite skills.ConclusionsBy identifying the pre‐requisites for CI participation in the grand round and explaining advantages of this participation for clinical specialists, this study proposes a suitable process for implantation of CI participation in grand rounds.
Collision risk of Montagu’s Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high‐resolution GPS tracking
Authors: Schaub Tonio , Klaassen Raymond H.G. , Bouten Willem , Schlaich Almut E. , Koks Ben J. 
Published: October 2019

Flight behaviour characteristics such as flight altitude and avoidance behaviour determine the species‐specific collision risk of birds with wind turbines. However, traditional observational methods exhibit limited positional accuracy. High‐resolution GPS telemetry represents a promising method to overcome this drawback. In this study, we used three‐dimensional GPS tracking data including high‐accuracy tracks recorded at 3‐s intervals to investigate the collision risk of breeding male Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus in the Dutch–German border region. Avoidance of wind turbines was quantified by a novel approach comparing observed flights to a null model of random flight behaviour. On average, Montagu's Harriers spent as much as 8.2 h per day in flight. Most flights were at low altitude, with only 7.1% within the average rotor height range (RHR; 45–125 m). Montagu's Harriers showed significant avoidance behaviour, approaching turbines less often than expected, particularly when flying within the RHR (avoidance rate of 93.5%). For the present state, with wind farms situated on the fringes of the regional nesting range, collision risk models based on our new insights on flight behaviour indicated 0.6–2.0 yearly collisions of adult males (as compared with a population size of c. 40 pairs). However, the erection of a new wind farm inside the core breeding area could markedly increase mortality (up to 9.7 yearly collisions). If repowering of the wind farms was carried out using low‐reaching modern turbines (RHR 36–150 m), mortality would more than double, whereas it would stay approximately constant if higher turbines (RHR 86–200 m) were used. Our study demonstrates the great potential of high‐resolution GPS tracking for collision risk assessments. The resulting information on collision‐related flight behaviour allows for performing detailed scenario analyses on wind farm siting and turbine design, in contrast to current environmental assessment practices. With regard to Montagu's Harriers, we conclude that although the deployment of higher wind turbines represents an opportunity to reduce collision risk for this species, precluding wind energy developments in core breeding areas remains the most important mitigation measure.
Educación y desigualdad salarial en el sector informal. El caso del Camerún
Authors: ATANGANA ONDOA Henri 
Published: October 2019

ResumenEn este artículo se estiman los efectos de la educación sobre la desigualdad salarial del sector informal en el Camerún. Mediante una regresión cuantílica se analizan los datos de la segunda encuesta sobre el empleo y el sector informal en el Camerún (EESI 2), de 2010. Los resultados indican que la calificación se asocia a una mayor remuneración y desigualdad salarial, principalmente en el caso de los trabajadores con estudios superiores. En consecuencia, se formulan varias recomendaciones de política destinadas a favorecer la formalización, mediante la creación de empleo calificado, el desarrollo de infraestructuras adaptadas para el sector informal y el fomento de la formación profesional.
Minimally interventive restorative care of teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization and open apex—A 24‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Gatón‐Hernandéz Patrícia , Serrano César Ruiz , da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , de Castañeda Esther Ruiz , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Pucinelli Carolina Maschietto , Manton David , Ustrell‐Torrent Josep María , Nelson‐Filho Paulo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of treatment using a minimally invasive approach (selective removal of carious tissue, restoration and preventive strategies) in immature permanent molars with MIH.DesignA total of 281 patients, aged 6‐8 years, with carious lesions (ICDAS 5‐6), severe MIH, and incomplete root formation (one tooth/patient) were included. After clinical and radiographic examinations, selective carious tissue removal was performed, and the teeth received interim restoration for 6 months and were then restored with composite resin. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up was undertaken, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A protocol of preventive oral care measures was established and repeated at each follow‐up, including diet counselling, oral hygiene instruction, dental plaque control, and topical application of fluoride varnish containing CPP‐ACP. All clinical procedures and evaluations were done by a single operator.ResultsClinical and radiographic success was observed 24 months after treatment in 96.8% of the cases. Failures were due to enamel fracture at restoration margins, resulting in pulpitis and absence of apex closure.ConclusionSelective removal of carious tissue, interim, and subsequently definitive restoration, combined with home and professional preventive measures, maintained marginal integrity of restorations in immature permanent molars with severe MIH, confirmed by pulp vitality and occurrence of apexogenesis.
Dental caries and oral health‐related quality of life of 3‐year‐olds living in Lima, Peru
Authors: Pesaressi Eraldo , Villena Rita S. , Frencken Jo E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundUntreated dental caries negatively impacts children and their families; the implication of which is best measured through assessing quality of life. Information related to Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Peruvian pre‐school children is scarce.AimTo investigate the relationship between dental caries and the OHRQoL of 3‐year‐old children.DesignRandomly selected government pre‐schools (n = 17), situated in three low socio‐economic status districts in Lima, participated. The OHRQoL data were obtained using the Peruvian (P) ECOHIS questionnaire. Clinical examinations using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument were performed on 308 children. From which, 213 parents returned the P‐ECOHIS form. ANOVA, Tamhane, and Tukey methods were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 3.04 years. The two highest mean P‐ECOHIS scores in the child section were ‘child symptoms’ and ‘child psychology’ while ‘parent distress’ scored highest in the parent section. The prevalence of dental caries was 64.3% (CAST scores 4‐7). Including CASTcode 3 (enamel carious lesion), the dental caries prevalence was 93.4%. The mean P‐ECOHIS scores for ‘child symptoms’, ‘child functions’, ‘child impact’, ‘parent distress’, and ‘the sample’ were statistically significantly higher for children with MaxCASTcodes 5 and 6 (dentine and pulpally involved cavities, respectively) than for those with MaxCASTcode 3.ConclusionThe presence of cavitated teeth with and without pulpal involvement impacts negatively on the OHRQoL of 3‐year‐old children.
Near infrared light‐induced photocurrent in NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+/WO2.72 composite film
Authors: Zhang Hailu , Yang Zhengwen , Wang Yuehui , Ma Yingjin , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpectral conversion technology based on NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles was extensively used to improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells. However, the response mismatch between absorption of semiconductors and upconversion luminescence (UCL) limits the application of spectral conversion technology. Nonstoichiometric WO2.72 nanoparticles display the broad absorption from visible to near‐infrared region due to the presence of oxygen vacancy, which is overlapped with the UCL of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles. Thus, the combination between NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles, and nonstoichiometric WO2.72 provides a possibility for designing a novel UCL spectral converted solar cells. In this work, composite film consisted of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles, and WO2.72 nanofibers was prepared. The UCL of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+/WO2.72 film was decreased in contrast to pure NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles due to energy transfer from NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles to WO2.72 nanofibers. The NaYF4:Yb3+, E3+/WO2.72film exhibits the photocurrent generation upon the 980 nm excitation. This novel UCL spectral converted solar cells based on the broad absorption of defects in the WO2.72 host will provide a novel view for photovoltaic devices.
Acclimation of the Marine Diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia australis to Different Salinity Conditions: Effects on Growth, Photosynthetic Activity, and Domoic Acid Content1
Authors: Ayache Nour , Hervé Fabienne , Lundholm Nina , Amzil Zouher , Caruana Amandine M. N. 
Published: October 2019

Toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia australis strains isolated from French coastal waters were studied to investigate their capacity to adapt to different salinities. Their acclimation to different salinity conditions (10, 20, 30, 35, and 40) was studied on growth, photosynthetic capacity, cell biovolume, and domoic acid (DA) content. The strains showed an ability to acclimate to a salinity range from 20 to 40, with optimal growth rates between salinities 30 and 40. The highest cell biovolume was observed at the lowest salinity 20 and was associated with the lowest growth rate. Salinity did not affect the photosynthetic activity; Fv/Fm values and the pigment contents remained high with no significant difference among salinities. An enhanced production of zeaxanthin was, however, observed in the late stationary and decline phases in all cultures except for those acclimated to salinity 20. In terms of cellular toxin content, DA concentrations were 2 to 3‐fold higher at the lowest salinity (20) than at the other salinities and were combined with a low amount of dissolved DA. The fact that P. australis accumulate more DA per cell in less saline waters, illustrates that climate‐related changes in salinity may affect Pseudo‐nitzschia physiology through direct effects on growth, physiology, and toxin content.
Root‐induced soil deformation influences Fe, S and P: rhizosphere chemistry investigated using synchrotron XRF and XANES
Authors: van Veelen Arjen , Koebernick Nicolai , Scotson Callum S. , McKay‐Fletcher Daniel , Huthwelker Thomas , Borca Camelia N. , Mosselmans J. Fred W. , Roose Tiina 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Rhizosphere soil has distinct physical and chemical properties from bulk soil. However, besides root‐induced physical changes, chemical changes have not been extensively measured in situ on the pore scale.

In this study, we couple structural information, previously obtained using synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (XCT), with synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence microscopy (XRF) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) to unravel chemical changes induced by plant roots.

Our results suggest that iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) increase notably in the direct vicinity of the root via solubilization and microbial activity. XANES further shows that Fe is slightly reduced, S is increasingly transformed into sulfate (SO42−) and phosphorus (P) is increasingly adsorbed to humic substances in this enrichment zone. In addition, the ferrihydrite fraction decreases drastically, suggesting the preferential dissolution and the formation of more stable Fe oxides. Additionally, the increased transformation of organic S to sulfate indicates that the microbial activity in this zone is increased. These changes in soil chemistry correspond to the soil compaction zone as previously measured via XCT.

The fact that these changes are colocated near the root and the compaction zone suggests that decreased permeability as a result of soil structural changes acts as a barrier creating a zone with increased rhizosphere chemical interactions via surface‐mediated processes, microbial activity and acidification.
On the Provision of Insurance against Search‐Induced Wage Fluctuations*
Authors: Michau Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: October 2019

AbstractShould workers be provided with insurance against search‐induced wage fluctuations? To answer this question, I rely on the numerical simulations of a model of on‐the‐job search and precautionary savings. The model is calibrated to low‐skilled workers in the United States. The extent of insurance is determined by the degree of progressivity of a non‐linear transfer schedule. The fundamental trade‐off is that a more generous provision of insurance reduces incentives to search for better‐paying jobs, which increases the cost of providing insurance. I show that progressivity raises the search intensity of unemployed workers, which reduces the equilibrium rate of unemployment, but it lowers the search intensity of employed job seekers, which reduces the output level. I also solve numerically for the optimal non‐linear transfer schedule. The optimal policy is to provide little insurance up to a monthly income level of $1350, so as to preserve incentives to move up the wage ladder, and nearly full insurance above $1450. This policy reduces the standard deviation of labor income net of transfers by 34 per cent and generates a consumption‐equivalent welfare gain of 0.7 per cent. The absence of private savings does not fundamentally change the shape of the optimal transfer function, but tilts the optimal policy towards more insurance, at the expense of a less efficient allocation of workers across jobs.
Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in rats caught in pig farms from Northern Italy
Authors: De Sabato Luca , Ianiro Giovanni , Monini Marina , De Lucia Alessia , Ostanello Fabio , Di Bartolo Ilaria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) strains belonging to the Orthohepevirus genus are divided into four species (A–D). HEV strains included in the Orthohepevirus A species infect humans and several other mammals. Among them, the HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 genotypes are zoonotic and infect both humans and animals, of which, pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs. Viruses belonging to the Orthohepevirus C species (HEV‐C) have been considered to infect rats of different species and carnivores. Recently, two studies reported the detection of HEV‐C1 (rat HEV) RNA in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, suggesting a possible transmission of rat HEV to humans. The role of rats and mice as reservoir of HEV and the potential zoonotic transmission is still poorly known and deserves further investigation. To this purpose, in this study, the presence of HEV RNA was investigated in the intestinal contents and liver samples from 47 Black rats (Rattus rattus) and 21 House mice (Mus musculus) captured in four pig farms in Northern Italy. The presence of both Orthohepevirus A and C was investigated by the real‐rime RT‐PCR specific for HEV‐1 to HEV‐4 genotypes of Orthohepevirus A species and by a broad spectrum hemi‐nested RT‐PCR capable of detecting different HEV species including rat HEV. The intestinal content from two Black rats resulted positive for HEV‐C1 RNA and for HEV‐3 RNA, respectively. None of the House mice was HEV RNA positive. Sequence analyses confirmed the detection of HEV‐C1, genotype G1 and HEV‐3 subtype e. The viral strain HEV‐3e detected in the rat was identical to swine HEV strains detected in the same farm. Liver samples were negative for the detection of either rat HEV or HEV‐3.