bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from nosocomial urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran during 2022–2023: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Memar Mohammad Yousef , Vosughi Masoud , Rahbar Saadat Yalda , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Yekani Mina , Niknafs Bahram , Zununi Vahed Sepideh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among hospitalized patients, constituting the most frequent health‐care infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is leading causative agent of UTIs. The present study was aimed to examine the susceptibility of UPEC isolates obtained from nosocomial cases to antibiotics, as well as their biofilm formation capability and frequency of virulence genes.MethodsA total of 100 UPEC isolates were collected from nosocomial UTIs at Imam Reza Hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, spanning from April 2022 to January 2023. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were evaluated using the disk diffusion method, along with the detection of broad‐spectrum β‐lactam enzymes (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. The ability of isolates to form biofilms was assessed using the microtiter‐plate method, while the PCR method was employed to identify the presence of virulence genes.ResultsThe highest resistance was observed toward piperacillin (82%), followed by aztreonam and ciprofloxacin (81%), while the lowest resistance was found against piperacillin/tazobactam (12%) and meropenem (9%). ESBLs were detected in 62% of the isolates. The microtiter‐plate results revealed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm formation abilities in 32%, 33%, and 24% of the isolates, respectively. The most prevalent virulence gene was fimA (74%) followed by hlyF (68%), papA (44%), papC (32%), iroN (26%), and cnf (20%).ConclusionThe elevated levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, coupled with the co‐presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation abilities, contribute to the persistence of UPEC‐related infections, particularly in hospitalized patients. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing an effective program to control nosocomial UTIs caused by UPEC in the healthcare centers.
Cardiovascular Imaging in the Era of Precision Medicine: Insights from Advanced Technologies – A Narrative Review
Authors: Manoel Poliana Zanotto , Dike Innocent Chijioke , Anis Heeba , Yassin Nour , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsCardiovascular diseases are responsible for a high mortality rate globally. Precision medicine has emerged as an essential tool for improving cardiovascular disease outcomes. In this context, using advanced imaging exams is fundamental in cardiovascular precision medicine, enabling more accurate diagnoses and customized treatments. This review aims to provide a concise review on how advanced cardiovascular imaging supports precision medicine, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future directions.MethodsA literature review was carried out using the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, using search strategies that combined terms such as precision medicine, cardiovascular diseases, and imaging tests.ResultsMore advanced analysis aimed at diagnosing and describing cardiovascular diseases in greater detail is made possible by tests such as cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac positron emission tomography. In addition, the aggregation of imaging data with other omics data allows for more personalized treatment and a better description of patient profiles.ConclusionThe use of advanced imaging tests is essential in cardiovascular precision medicine. Although there are still technical and ethical obstacles, it is essential that there is collaboration between health professionals, as well as investments in technology and education to better disseminate cardiovascular precision medicine and consequently promote improved patient outcomes.
Three consecutive pregnancies in a woman with spastic cerebral palsy being treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy
Authors: Barker Kim D. D. , Murtuza M. Imran , Sloan Ellen V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBaclofen is a commonly used medication for spasticity in patients with an injury to the central nervous system. For some, intrathecal delivery of baclofen provides better treatment with fewer systemic side effects. Baclofen is a category C medication during pregnancy based on animal studies. This narrative review presents the three consecutive pregnancies of a woman with spastic quadriparesis due to cerebral palsy that was being treated with an intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump. Her spasticity care occurred at a large academic institution. Her prenatal and perinatal care occurred at the adjacent county hospital. There is limited literature on the safety of the use of an ITB pump for the treatment of spasticity in pregnant women, and this patient presentation aims to describe the course for the mother and her infants as she received treatment for her spasticity with an ITB pump.
Alginate‐HEMA Hydrogels as Promising Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Torres M. L. , Cuba A. Hurtado , Oberti T. G. , Fernandez J. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present work, the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of, previously developed, semi‐interpenetrated HEMA‐EGDMA polymeric networks (sIPN) with and without alginate with application in bone tissue engineering (BTE) were studied. In vitro characterization studies were performed using rat bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs), EA.hy926 endothelial cells, and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Based on the in vitro results of both this work and previous ones, the hydrogels were selected to carry out in vivo studies to find out their capacity as a biomaterial using a bone regeneration model. Our results indicate that the incorporation of alginate into the HEMA‐EGDMA polymeric network promotes osteogenic and angiogenic capacity in cell cultures of BMPCs and both EA.hy926 and VSMCs, respectively, and also increases bone formation and vascular structures in in vivo studies, demonstrating its potential use as a biomaterial in BTE.
Assessing small molecule conformational sampling methods in molecular docking
Authors: Xia Qiancheng , Fu Qiuyu , Shen Cheng , Brenk Ruth , Huang Niu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall molecule conformational sampling plays a pivotal role in molecular docking. Recent advancements have led to the emergence of various conformational sampling methods, each employing distinct algorithms. This study investigates the impact of different small molecule conformational sampling methods in molecular docking using UCSF DOCK 3.7. Specifically, six traditional sampling methods (Omega, BCL::Conf, CCDC Conformer Generator, ConfGenX, Conformator, RDKit ETKDGv3) and a deep learning‐based model (Torsional Diffusion) for generating conformational ensembles are evaluated. These ensembles are subsequently docked against the Platinum Diverse Dataset, the PoseBusters dataset and the DUDE‐Z dataset to assess binding pose reproducibility and screening power. Notably, different sampling methods exhibit varying performance due to their unique preferences, such as dihedral angle sampling ranges on rotatable bonds. Combining complementary methods may lead to further improvements in docking performance.
The Impact of SGLT1 Inhibition on Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Bang‐Bang , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Ruan Guang‐Feng , Yu Xing , Liu Qin , Zhang Mei‐Jin , Yu Ming‐Zhong , Chen Ai , Liang Ye‐Bei , Xie Liang‐Di , Luo Li 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough pharmacological effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the development of frailty and sarcopenia were known, the role of SGLT1 remained less clear. The present study investigated the possible effect of SGLT1 inhibition on these conditions and explored potential mediators.MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the effect of SGLT1 inhibition on frailty index (FI) and low grip strength in individuals aged 60 years and older using both the FNIH and EWGSOP criteria. Subsequently, a two‐step MR analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating role of insulin resistance phenotype and identify potential mediators of the effect of SGLT1 inhibition on the FI and low grip strength from 1558 plasma proteins and 1352 metabolites.ResultsGenetically predicted SGLT1 inhibition was associated with decreased FI (β: −0.290 [95% CI: −0.399, −0.181]) and reduced risk of low grip strength in individuals aged 60 years and older under both FNIH (β: −0.796 [95% CI: −1.216, −0.376]) and EWGSOP criteria (β: −0.287 [95% CI: −0.532, −0.041]). The two‐step MR analysis demonstrated the role of insulin resistance phenotype in mediating SGTL1 inhibition on alleviating frailty (mediation proportion = 19.56% [95% CI: 8.42%, 30.70%]). After screening, 24 proteins and 16 metabolites were identified as mediators of the impact of SGLT1 inhibition on FI. Additionally, 13 proteins and 16 metabolites were found to mediate the effect of SGLT1 inhibition on low grip strength according to FNIH criteria while 22 proteins and 6 metabolites were shown to mediate the impact of SGLT1 inhibition on low grip strength under EWGSOP criteria.ConclusionsSGLT1 inhibition potentially mitigated frailty and sarcopenia through several biological mediators, shedding new light for therapeutic intervention.
Kinematic versus mechanical alignment: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Jamali Amir A. , Shekhar Adithya , Dungy Danton , Stewart Susan L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the currently available systematic reviews and meta‐analyses comparing kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA).MethodsA literature search was performed to obtain all systematic review and meta‐analyses comparing KA to MA that included one or more randomised controlled trials. A total of 18 studies were obtained, three of which were systematic reviews without meta‐analysis. Studies were evaluated based on their meta‐analysis methodology, appropriate inclusion criteria, the use of correct definitions of each alignment technique, and risk of bias.ResultsThese 18 studies included between 3 and 14 RCTs in each study. From the perspective of study design, the majority of papers had low risk of bias. In contrast, most of these reviews had technical issues pertaining to study inclusion in their meta‐analyses that would potentially compromise their conclusions. These included mixing time points in the analysis, duplicate inclusion of patients in a meta‐analysis, inclusion of studies with incorrect definitions of KA, inclusion of studies performed with restricted kinematic alignment with the KA group, and inappropriate combination of studies with bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with studies with unilateral TKA.ConclusionsThe current literature is inadequate to determine if there is any advantage to KA compared to MA in TKA. Claims made in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on the subject must be carefully scrutinised based not only on risk of bias but also on the included study populations, the surgical methodology of each underlying study, and the authors' understanding of the definitions of each alignment technique.Level of EvidenceLevel 1 based on this study being a systematic review with the inclusion of only systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials.
Personalized delayed anticoagulation therapy alleviates postoperative bleeding in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients
Authors: Luo Xuefeng , Wang Dehua , Xu Wei , Zou Jing , Kang Runxing , Zhang Tao , Liang Xi , Liao Junyi , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeEcchymosis is one of the most common complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is closely related to postoperative bleeding. However, it is still controversial whether anticoagulation treatment should be continued for postoperative ecchymosis patients. We suppose that personalized delayed anticoagulation therapy could be beneficial for decreasing postoperative bleeding.MethodsA total of 201 TKA patients were retrospectively included in this study, among whom ecchymosis patients received drug anticoagulation treatment 1–2 days later than usual, while nonecchymosis patients received regular drug anticoagulation treatment. The perioperative blood loss, coagulation state, fibrinolytic state and complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsEighty‐nine patients (44.3%) developed ecchymosis within 3 days after TKA. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. In the ecchymosis group, higher K values and lower calculated coagulation index values were observed in thromboelastography, along with greater total blood loss and a more significant decrease in haemoglobin levels on postoperative Day 1 (POD1) compared to the nonecchymosis group. Additionally, the ecchymosis patients exhibited higher levels of fibrinogen degradation products and D‐dimer (D‐D) on POD1, with no differences noted on POD3, indicating that patients with ecchymosis are in a relatively hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic state compared to those without ecchymosis. Therefore, the delayed anticoagulation treatment proved beneficial for correcting these postoperative conditions. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in postoperative complications, demonstrating that delayed anticoagulation treatment is safe.ConclusionPatients with ecchymosis exhibited a relatively hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic state with a stronger tendency for postoperative bleeding. Delayed anticoagulation in ecchymosis patients could effectively prevent further exacerbation of postoperative bleeding by avoiding sustained hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolysis states. Personalized delayed anticoagulation therapy could be beneficial for managing postoperative ecchymosis for TKA patients.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Green Construction of Novel 3‐(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)amino)quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione and Phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a][1,8]naphthyridine and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Reddy Sontireddy Surender , Shireesha Kavati , Jella Kumara Swamy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA straightforward and an efficient green synthetic method has been outlined for the construction of 3‐(benzo[d][1, 3] dioxol‐5‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives in the presence of glacial acetic acid and Cu(OAc)2 catalyst accomplished excellent yields in short reaction time. The reaction proceeds efficiently by using a greener way under microwave conditions to elevate the quantity of pure products. The purity of all the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H and 13CNMR, LC–MS data and also from the elemental analyses studies. The synthesized compounds 7d and 7f performed strongest antibacterial activity against pathogenic cell lines Bacillus subtilis (17.5, 20.5 mm), Escherichia coli (28.5, 30 mm), and antifungal cell lines Candida albicans (18, 22.5 mm), and Aspergillus Niger (28.5, 40.5 mm) which are compared with clinical drugs Penicillin, Grieseofulvin. We scrutinized the remaining molecules and found that their activity ranged from modest to exceptional.
Copper‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Unactivated Alkenes to Synthesize β‐Lactams with Trichloroacetonitrile
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Cui Jing , Zeng Runsheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTβ‐Lactams, as nitrogen‐containing heterocycles with distinctive biological activities, have made significant contributions to the treatment of infectious diseases. This study which used inexpensive copper salts as catalysts, trichloroacetonitrile as a radical precursor, and potassium carbonate as base offers a concise route for the synthesis of β‐lactam compounds substituted with potentially pharmacologically active dichloroacetyl moieties. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that unactivated alkenes undergo sequential intermolecular radical addition and intramolecular amidation reactions. The copper salts undergo catalytic cycles involving Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Cu(III) species.
Using implementation science to encourage Serious Illness Conversations on general medicine inpatient services: An interrupted time series
Authors: Serna Myrna Katalina , Yoon Catherine , Fiskio Julie , Lakin Joshua R. , Dalal Anuj K. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerious Illness Conversations (SICs) are not consistently integrated into existing inpatient workflows.ObjectiveWe assessed the implementation of multiple interventions aimed at encouraging SICs with hospitalized patients.MethodsWe used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to identify determinants for conducting SICs by interviewing providers and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change to develop a list of interventions. Adult patient encounters with a Readmission Risk Score (RRS) > 28% admitted to a general medicine service from January 2019 to October 2021 and without standardized SIC documentation in the prior year were included. A multivariable segmented logistic regression model, suitable for an interrupted time series analysis, was used to assess changes in the odds of standardized SIC documentation.ResultsBarriers included those associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, such as extreme census. Facilitators included the presence of the Speaking About Goals and Expectations program and palliative care consultations. Key interventions included patient identification via the existing Quality and Safety Dashboard (QSD), weekly emails, in‐person outreach, and training for faculty and trainees. There was no significant change in the odds of standardized SIC documentation despite interventions (change in temporal trend odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.98–1.39).ConclusionThe lack of significant change in standardized SIC documentation may be attributed to insufficient or ineffective interventions and COVID‐19‐related challenges. Although patient identification is a known barrier to SICs, this issue was minimized with the use of the QSD and RRS. Further research is needed to enhance the implementation of SICs in inpatient settings.
3D Bioprinting Strategies for Melatonin‐Loaded Polymers in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Aykora Damla , Oral Ayhan , Aydeğer Cemre , Uzun Metehan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBone pathologies are still among the most challenging issues for orthopedics. Over the past decade, different methods are developed for bone repair. In addition to advanced surgical and graft techniques, polymer‐based biomaterials, bioactive glass, chitosan, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and cell‐derived exosomes are used for bone healing strategies. Owing to their variation and promising advantages, most of these methods are not translated into clinical practice. Three dimensonal (3D) bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that has become a next‐generation biomaterial technique adapted for anatomic modeling, artificial tissue or organs, grafting, and bridging tissues. Polymer‐based biomaterials are mostly used for the controlled release of various drugs, therapeutic agents, mesenchymal stem cells, ions, and growth factors. Polymers are now among the most preferable materials for 3D bioprinting. Melatonin is a well‐known antioxidant with many osteoinductive properties and is one of the key hormones in the brain–bone axis. 3D bioprinted melatonin‐loaded polymers with unique lipophilic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteoinductive properties for filling large bone gaps following fractures or congenital bone deformities may be developed in the future. This study summarized the benefits of 3D bioprinted and polymeric materials integrated with melatonin for sustained release in bone regeneration approaches.
Revealing membrane integrity and cell size from diffusion kurtosis time dependence
Authors: Lee Hong‐Hsi , Novikov Dmitry S. , Fieremans Els , Huang Susie Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe nonmonotonic dependence of diffusion kurtosis on diffusion time has been observed in biological tissues, yet its relation to membrane integrity and cellular geometry remains to be clarified. Here we establish and explain the characteristic asymmetric shape of the kurtosis peak. We also derive the relation between the peak time , when kurtosis reaches its maximum, and tissue parameters.MethodsThe peak shape and its position qualitatively follow from the adiabatic extension of the Kärger model onto the case of intra‐cellular diffusivity time‐dependence. This intuition is corroborated by the effective medium theory‐based calculation, as well as by Monte Carlo simulations of diffusion and exchange in randomly and densely packed spheres for various values of permeability, cell fractions and sizes, and intrinsic diffusivity.ResultsWe establish that is proportional to the geometric mean of two characteristic time scales: extra‐cellular correlation time (determined by cell size) and intra‐cellular residence time (determined by membrane permeability). When exchange is barrier‐limited, the peak shape approaches a universal scaling form determined by the ratio .ConclusionNumerical simulations and theory provide an interpretation of a specific feature of kurtosis time‐dependence, offering a potential biomarker for in vivo evaluation of pathology by disentangling the functional (permeability) and structural (cell size) integrity in tissues. This is relevant as the time‐dependent diffusion cumulants are sensitive to pathological changes in membrane integrity and cellular structure in diseases, such as ischemic stroke, tumors, and Alzheimer's disease.
Modeling Brittle Failure in Rock Slopes Using Semi‐Lagrangian Nonlocal General Particle Dynamics
Authors: Yin Peng , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Pan Jinhu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe nonlocal general particle dynamics (NGPD) has been successfully developed to model crack propagation and large deformation problems. In this paper, the semi‐Lagrangian nonlocal general particle dynamics (SL‐NGPD) is proposed to solve brittle failure in rock slopes. In SL‐NGPD, the interaction between particles due to deformation is calculated in the initial configuration, while the friction contact interaction from discontinuities is calculated in the current configuration. The Van der Waals force model is utilized for friction contact. The bond‐level energy‐based failure criterion is developed to predict tensile/compressive‐shear mix‐mode cracks. The artificial viscosity and damage correction are used to enhance the numerical stability and accuracy when modeling brittle failure. The SL‐NGPD paradigm is numerically implemented through adaptive dynamic relaxation and predictor–corrector schemes for stable numerical solutions. The stability and accuracy of SL‐NGPD are verified by simulating compression tests. Thereafter, the crack coalescence patterns of double‐flaw specimens are investigated to understand the triggering failure mechanism of jointed rock slopes. Finally, the progressive failure process of the rock slope with step‐path joints is simulated to demonstrate its validity and robustness in modeling brittle failure in rockslides. The numerical results illustrate that the proposed SL‐NGPD is promising and performant for analyzing brittle failure problems in geotechnical engineering.