bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effect of the Scatter of Acoustic Modes on Turbine Flutter
Authors: Gallardo Juan Manuel , Sotillo Adrián , Bermejo Óscar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The prediction of aerodynamic damping is a relevant issue for turbomachinery design trends. Most of the conventional analysis methodologies for the study of aeroelastic forcing in use until recently neglect any hypothetical effects of adjacent rows. However, in recent years, it has become unquestionable that acoustic waves and nearly convected perturbations reflected in neighboring rows play a significant role in the evaluation of the overall unsteady loading of the blades. In this paper, a study of the impact of these effects in flutter stability margin is performed. For this analysis, ITP Aero’s in-house unsteady 3D frequency domain linearized RANS solver is used. The subject of this research is a setup which is a close representation of a proper LPT geometry. The influence of neighboring rows is examined, taking into consideration how the interactions between rows are scattered into several circumferential modes, as well as into radial modes. A quantitative assessment of all these effects is performed to understand the relative relevance of each one of them, and the results of unsteady aerodynamic blade loading are compared with those of a single-row simulation.
Pixel-Classification-Based Reticulocyte Detection in Blood-Smear Microscopy Images
Authors: Zhong Xiaopin , Guo Junjia , Deng Yuanlong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Methods for reticulocyte identification and counting based on digital image processing technology are rare. In this paper, we proposed a pixel-based reticulocyte identification method for blood micrographs. This approach not only addresses slowness of manual methods but also largely alleviates the susceptibility of flow-based methods to nucleic acid. The key is to extract pixel-level features. One color feature is extracted from three color spaces, namely RGB, HSI, and LUV. Three texture features called Gabor features, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and local contrast pattern are extracted from the Cr channel of the YCbCr color space, forming six features. Subsequently, the recognition effects of each combination of color and texture were compared, and the combination of Gabor texture features and LUV color features was selected. Then, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to classify the pixel-level features, and the RNA-staining area was detected. Based on the location, number, and area of the region, whether the target cell is reticulocyte can be determined. The precision of this method for reticulocytes was 98.4%, recall was 98.0%, and the F1 measure was 0.982, indicating its usefulness for automation equipment.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with obesity as an independent predictor for incident gastric and colorectal cancer: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Hamaguchi Masahide , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Obora Akihiro , Kojima Takao , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundColorectal cancer is known to be an extrahepatic complication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the interaction of NAFLD with obesity for incident colorectal cancer has not been clarified yet. Moreover, the effect of NAFLD and obesity for incident gastric cancer has not been clarified yet. Thus, we investigated whether NAFLD with or without obesity would be a risk factor for incident gastric cancer as well as colorectal cancer.MethodsThe study period was set from 2003 to 2016. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography using standardised criteria. We applied the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the effect of NAFLD with or without obesity at baseline on incident gastric cancer as well as colorectal cancer. Age, sex, lifestyle factors including smoking states, alcohol consumption and exercise, and diabetes were used as covariates.ResultsDuring the study period, 27 944 individuals (16 454 men and 11 490 women) were registered in the NAfld in Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis study. During the mean (SD) observational period of 2357 (1458) days, incident gastric cancers were diagnosed in 48 individuals (incident rate 0.48 per 1000 person-years) and incident colorectal cancers were diagnosed in 52 individuals (incident rate 0.51 per 1000 person-years). The adjusted HR of NAFLD with obesity for incident gastric cancer was 3.58 (95% CI 1.73 to 7.38, p=0.001) and that for incident colorectal cancer was 2.96 (95% CI 1.73 to 7.38, p=0.003).ConclusionNAFLD with obesity was a risk factor for both incident gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in apparently healthy Japanese individuals.
Is breast feeding associated with offspring IQ at age 5? Findings from prospective cohort: Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study
Authors: Strøm Marin , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler , Halldorsson Thorhallur , Olsen Jørn , Olsen Sjurdur F 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesBreast feeding is associated with health benefits for both mother and child, but many studies focusing on neurodevelopment have lacked information on important confounders and few randomised trials exist. Our objective was to examine the influence of breast feeding on child IQ at 5 years of age while taking maternal IQ and other relevant factors into account.DesignProspective observational study.SettingPopulation-based birth cohort in Denmark.ParticipantsWe used data from The Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study 1782 mother–child pairs sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort (n=101 042).Outcome measuresChild IQ was assessed at age 5 years by the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. On the same occasion maternal intelligence was assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. Exposure data on duration of breast feeding (n=1385) were extracted from telephone interviews conducted when the child was 6 and 18 months, and analyses were weighted by relevant sampling fractions.ResultsIn multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders breast feeding was associated with child IQ at 5 years (categorical χ2test for overall association p=0.03). Compared with children who were breast fed ≤1 month, children breast fed for 2–3, 4–6, 7–9 and 10 or more months had 3.06 (95% CI 0.39 to 5.72), 2.03 (95% CI −0.38 to 4.44), 3.53 (95% CI 1.18 to 5.87) and 3.28 (95% CI 0.88 to 5.67) points higher IQ after adjustment for core confounders, respectively. There was no dose–response relation and further analyses indicated that the main difference in IQ was between breast feeding ≤1 month versus >1 month.ConclusionsBreastfeeding duration of 1 month or shorter compared with longer periods was associated with approximately three points lower IQ, but there was no evidence of a dose–response relation in this prospective birth cohort, where we were able to adjust for some of the most critical confounders, including maternal intelligence.
Trend and risk factors of recurrence and complications after arrhythmias radiofrequency catheter ablation: a nation-wide observational study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Yuan , Wu Hsin-Kuan , Wang Te-Hsiung , Chen Tien-Hsing , Lin Yu-Sheng 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThis study determined the recurrence and complication rates after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for those with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), atrial flutter (AFL), atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT).Study design and settingThis retrospective study included RFCAs for 2001–2010 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Primary outcomes included perioperative complications (pericardial effusion and new-onset stroke), RFCA recurrence and long-term outcomes (high-grade atrioventricular block (AVB) and pacemaker implantation).ResultsOf 19,475 patients who underwent RFCA, prevalence rates were 56.7% for PSVT, 13.5% for WPW, 9.5% for AFL, 5.1% for AF and 2.7% for VT. Prevalence rates increased in AF, AFL and VT over the study years. During an average follow-up period of 4.3 years (SD: 2.8 years), recurrence rates for PSVT, WPW, VT, AFL and AF were 2.0%, 4.9%, 5.7%, 5.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Compared with the PSVT group, the WPW and AF groups had significantly higher risk of pericardial effusion during admission (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.98, 95% CI (CI) 1.24 to 7.15; aOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.90 to 8.79, respectively); the AFL group had a higher risk of new-onset stroke during admission (aOR 4.07, 95% CI 1.39 to 11.91); the WPW group had a lower risk of high-grade AVB during follow-up (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.71) while the AFL group had a greater risk (aHR 1.74, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.60); and the AFL group had a higher risk of permanent pacemaker (aHR 2.14, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.62).ConclusionsThe RFCA rate increased rapidly during 2001–2010 for AF, AFL and VT. Recurrence was associated with congenital heart disease in PSVT and WPW, and with age in AF and AFL. AFL had a higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation and new stroke. AF had a higher risk of life-threatening pericardial effusion.
Evaluating the use of job aids and user instructions to improve adherence for the treatment of childhood pneumonia using amoxicillin dispersible tablets in a low-income setting: a mixed-method study
Authors: Sarma Haribondhu , Gerth-Guyette Emily , Shakil Syaket Ahmed , Alom Kazi Robiul , Abu-Haydar Elizabeth , D’Rozario Methelda , Tariqujjaman Md , Arifeen Shams E , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesWe conducted a study to evaluate the use of job aids and simple user instructions to improve adherence for the treatment of childhood pneumonia with amoxicillin dispersible tablet (DT).DesignA mixed-method study implemented in three phases between October 2015 and February 2016.SettingsThe study was implemented in two subdistricts of Bangladesh.ParticipantsCaregivers of children aged 2–59 months, health service providers and key stakeholders at national and district level.InterventionsAn intervention including training and job aids and user-friendly instructions was introduced in one subdistrict while standard amoxicillin DT packaging and instructions with no training served as the control in the comparison subdistrict.Primary outcomeAdherence behaviour of caregivers of children aged 2–59 months for the treatment of childhood pneumonia with amoxicillin DT.MethodsWe conducted a survey with 56 caregivers in the intervention subdistrict and 38 caregivers in the comparison subdistrict. We also conducted 44 in-depth interviews to evaluate the job aids and user-friendly instructions with healthcare providers and caregivers to assess the feasibility, usability and acceptability of the tools in intervention subdistrict.ResultsFor 5-day treatment course, 32.1% (95% CI 23.1% to 41.1%) of caregivers in the intervention subdistrict and 2.6% (95% CI 0.3% to 7.8%) in the comparison subdistrict maintained full adherence to the amoxicillin DT treatment for pneumonia. More children under 12 months were given age-appropriate treatment than older children. Key stakeholders and healthcare providers considered the use and integration of the tools into the health system to be feasible and acceptable.ConclusionsThe provision of tools for the treatment of childhood pneumonia with amoxicillin DT had a positive influence on adherence behaviours. These tools can help close information gaps and overcome the barriers posed by medical illiteracy and remembering instructions from providers.
Survival among the older adults with clinical signs of Lewy body dementia in 40 Swedish nursing homes: a 6-year follow-up study
Authors: Zahirovic Iris , Torisson Gustav , Wattmo Carina , Londos Elisabet 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate survival among elderly residents of Swedish nursing homes (NHs), with specific focus on those with two or more signs of Lewy body dementia (LBD).DesignProspective observational study.SettingNHs in Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden.ParticipantsThe study population was older adults (aged ≥65 years) living in the 40 NHs in Malmö. Clinical data were collected with a customised questionnaire assessing core clinical LBD signs. Patients were categorised based on 0–1 or 2–4 LBD signs. The head nurse at each NH collected the study data: LBD questionnaires, electronic medication lists and electronic medical records from 2012 to 2013.Main outcome measures80-month mortality.ResultsFive hundred and fifty-eight (96%) of the residents were deceased at follow-up; among these, mean (95% CI) overall survival time was 29 (28–31) months. Mean survival differed between the LBD groups; those with 0–1 LBD signs lived 8 months longer than those with 2–4 LBD signs. Mortality risk for residents in the LBD 2–4 group was also significantly higher. HR adjusted for age and sex was HR (95% CI) 1.60 (1.30 to 1.97). Mortality risk was also significantly higher in residents with signs of fluctuating cognition 1.36 (1.15 to 1.62), rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder 1.49 (1.11 to 1.98), balance problems 1.36 (1.14 to 1.61) or rigidity 1.41 (1.18 to 1.68).ConclusionsThis large, longitudinal study shows the important survival effects of identifying and diagnosing older adults NH residents who have two or more LBD signs.
NT-proBNP, race and endothelial function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Sushan , Huang Shi , Daniels Lori B , Yeboah Joseph , Lima Joao A C , Cannone Valentina , Burnett Jr John C , Beckman Joshua A , Carr J Jeffrey , Wang Thomas J , Gupta Deepak K 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveNatriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones with cardioprotective effects. NP levels vary by race; however, the pathophysiological consequences of lower NP levels are not well understood. We aimed to quantify the association between NPs and endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the contribution of NP levels to racial differences in endothelial function.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of 2938 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (34% Caucasian, 20% African-American, 20% Asian-American and 26% Hispanic) without cardiovascular disease at baseline, multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between serum N-terminal pro-B-type NP (NT-proBNP) and natural log-transformed FMD. We also tested whether NT-proBNP mediated the relationship between race and FMD using the product of coefficients method.ResultsAmong African-American and Chinese-American individuals, lower NT-proBNP levels were associated with lower FMD, β=0.06 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.09; p<0.001) and β=0.06 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09; p=0.002), respectively. Non-significant associations between NT-proBNP and FMD were found in Hispanic and Caucasian individuals. In multivariable models, endothelial function differed by race, with African-American individuals having the lowest FMD compared with Caucasians, p<0.001. Racial differences in FMD among African-Americans and Chinese-Americans were mediated in part by NT-proBNP levels (African-Americans, mediation effect: −0.03(95% CI: −0.05 to −0.01); Chinese-Americans, mediation effect: −0.03(95% CI: −0.05 to −0.01)).ConclusionsLower NP levels are associated with worse endothelial function among African-Americans and Chinese-Americans. A relative NP deficiency in some racial/ethnic groups may contribute to differences in vascular function.
Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values
Authors: Darling Anne Marie , Werler Martha M , Cantonwine David E , Fawzi Wafaie W , McElrath Thomas F 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundInterpolation of missing weight values is sometimes used in studies of gestational weight gain, but the accuracy of these methods has not been established. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of estimated weight values obtained by interpolating from the nearest observed weight values and by linear and spline regression models when compared with measured weight values.MethodsThe study population included participants enrolled in the LIFECODES cohort at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. We estimated weights at 28 (n=764) and 40 (n=382) weeks of gestation using participants’ two nearest observed weights and subject-specific slopes and intercepts derived from repeated measures mixed effects models. In separate models, gestational age was parameterised as a linear and restricted cubic spline variable. Mean differences, absolute error measures and correlation coefficients comparing observed and estimated weights were calculated.ResultsMean differences and mean absolute error for weights derived from the 28-week linear model (0.18 lbs (SD 6.92), 2.73 lbs (SD 6.35)) and 40-week linear model (−0.40 lbs (SD 5.43) and 2.84 lbs (SD 4.65)) were low. Mean differences were somewhat greater at 28 weeks for weight values derived from the nearest two observed values (mean difference −1.97 lbs (SD 8.74)) and from spline models (mean difference −2.25 lbs (SD 7.13)). Results were similar at 40 weeks.ConclusionsOverall, weight values estimated using this interpolation approach showed good agreement with observed values. When repeated measures of weight are available, mixed effects models may be used to interpolate of missing weight values with minimal error.
Association of change in cognitive function from early adulthood to middle age with risk of cause-specific mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study
Authors: Batty G David , Deary Ian J , Shipley Martin J 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundStudies with single baseline measurements of cognitive function consistently reveal inverse relationships with mortality risk. The relation of change in functioning, particularly from early in the life course, which may offer additional insights into causality, has not, to the best of our knowledge, been tested.AimsTo examine the association of change in cognition between late adolescence and middle age with cause-specific mortality using data from a prospective cohort study.MethodsThe analytical sample consisted of 4289 former US male military personnel who were administered the Army General Technical Test in early adulthood (mean age 20.4 years) and again in middle age (mean age 38.3 years).ResultsA 15-year period of mortality surveillance subsequent to the second phase of cognitive testing gave rise to 237 deaths. Following adjustment for age, a 10-unit increase in cognitive function was related to a reduced risk of death from all causes (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93) and cardiovascular disease (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95) but not from all cancers (HR 1.14; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.47) nor injury (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.29). Adjustment for markers of socioeconomic status in middle age resulted in marked attenuation in the magnitude of these associations and statistical significance at conventional levels was lost in all analyses.ConclusionsIn the present study, the apparent link between increased cognition and mortality was mediated by socioeconomic status.
Parental offending and children’s emergency department presentations in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Whitten Tyson , Green Melissa J , Laurens Kristin R , Tzoumakis Stacy , Harrs Felicity , Carr Vaughan , Dean Kimberlie 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesChildren whose parents have a history of criminal offending may be at risk of higher rates of emergency department (ED) presentation, along with other adverse health outcomes. We used data from a large, population-based record linkage project to examine the association between maternal and paternal criminal offending and the incidence of ED presentations among child offspring.MethodsData for 72 772 children with linked parental records were drawn from the New South Wales Child Development Study. Information on parental criminal offending (spanning 1994–2016) and child ED presentations (spanning 2005–2016; approximately ages 2–12 years) was obtained from linked administrative records. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between parental offending and the incidence of children’s ED presentations for any reason and for physical injury, while accounting for important covariates.ResultsChild rates of ED presentation, particularly for physical injury, were higher among those with parental history of criminal offending, after adjusting for covariates. The magnitude of the association was higher for paternal criminal offending (ED presentation for any reason: HR=1.44 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.48);physical injury: HR=1.70 (95% CI 1.65 to 1.75)) than maternal criminal offending (any reason: HR=0.99 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.03);physical injury: HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.10)).ConclusionChildren of parents, particularly of fathers, with a history of criminal offending have an increased incidence of ED presentation, including for potentially avoidable physical injury. These findings require replication and further research to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Long-term safety of certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease: a pooled analysis of 11 317 patients across clinical trials
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R , Mariette Xavier , Gaujoux-Viala Cécile , Blauvelt Andrew , Kvien Tore K , Sandborn William J , Winthrop Kevin , de Longueville Marc , Huybrechts Ivo , Bykerk Vivian P 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo review long-term certolizumab pegol (CZP) safety across all approved indications: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriasis (PSO) and Crohn’s disease (CD).MethodsData were pooled across 49 UCB-sponsored CZP clinical trials (27 RA, one axSpA, one PsA, five PSO, 15 CD) to August 2017. Serious adverse events (SAEs) of interest (infections, malignancies, autoimmunity/hypersensitivity events, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), gastrointestinal (GI) perforations, psoriasis events, laboratory abnormalities) and deaths were medically reviewed by an external expert committee, using predefined case rules. Incidence rates (IRs)/100 patient-years (PY) are presented by indication; standardised mortality and malignancy rates were calculated using WHO/GLOBOCAN/SEER databases. Pregnancies with maternal CZP exposure are also reported.ResultsOf 11 317 CZP-treated patients across indications (21 695 PY CZP exposure; maximum: 7.8 years), infections were the most common SAEs (overall IR: 3.62/100 PY; IRs ranged from 1.50/100 PY(PSO) to 5.97/100 PY(CD)). The IR for malignancies was 0.82/100 PY, including lymphoma (0.06/100 PY). MACE and GI perforation IRs in CZP-treated patients were 0.47/100 PY and 0.08/100 PY and were highest in RA and CD, respectively. Patients with PSO had the lowest SAE rates. The incidence of deaths and malignancies aligned with expected general population data.ConclusionThis extensive overview of the CZP safety profile in clinical trials, across all indications, provides large-scale confirmation of previous reports. No new safety signals or relevant non-disease-related laboratory abnormalities were identified. The study demonstrated some indication-specific differences in certain SAE rates that may be attributable to the underlying inflammatory disease.
Control of volunteer adzuki bean and soybean in white bean with halosulfuron
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: May 2019

Halosulfuron (35 g a.i. ha−1) applied preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) does not adequately control volunteer adzuki bean in white bean, but halosulfuron applied EPOST and LPOST has the potential to be used for control of volunteer soybean in white bean.