bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assimilados, régulos, Homens Novos, moçambicanos genuínos: a persistência da exclusão em Moçambique
Authors: Farré Albert 
Published: September 2018

Independentemente do regime político, a exclusão social tem sido uma constante em Moçambique. O artigo propõe uma análise das categorias sociais desenvolvidas pelo colonialismo português nos inícios do século XX, e do seu percurso através dos diferentes debates e projetos políticos que os moçambicanos viveram, tanto durante o período colonial como depois da independência. O artigo procura explicar por que categorias tipicamente coloniais, como régulo ou indígena, reapareceram nos debates de finais do século XX, em pleno processo de transição para a democracia e o capitalismo.
Religión tradicional y colonización: una aproximación a la visión francesa sobre la sociedad tradicional de los joola de la Baja Casamance
Authors: Tomàs Jordi 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta a visão do governo colonial francês sobre a religião tradicional joola e as autoridades tradicionais da Baixa-Casamança. Desde o início da colonização da região, no fim do século XIX, os franceses não tiveram uma visão homogênea sobre a cultura dos Joola. Enquanto para alguns representantes da administração francesa os Joola eram um povo selvagem, o qual devia ser civilizado, para outros, os Joola do Sul do Rio Casamança eram inteligentes e permeáveis às novidades que aportava a dominação colonial.
Uma filmografia colonial de Timor Português
Authors: Piçarra Maria do Carmo 
Published: September 2018

O documentário foi o género mais usado pelo Estado Novo para promover o colonialismo português. Embora a produção de filmes etnográficos e científicos não tenha sido tão relevante quanto foi noutros impérios coloniais, há que relevar a importância do uso dos filmes articulado com a prática antropológica em Timor Português. Colóniadistanteepobre,emcomparação com Moçambique ou Angola, não interessou o cinema independente, dada a inexistência de condições para a produção cinematográfica no território adicionalmente aos elevados custos da mesma. Foram, por isso, realizados escassos filmes de propaganda, sobretudo no âmbito de visitas políticas ou militares. O mais importante arquivo de filmes sobre Timor Português surgiu integrado numa prática antropológica e integra duas colecções : a composta pelos filmes feitos pela Missão Antropológica de Timor, dirigida por António de Almeida, e a resultante de filmagens do poeta e antropólogo Ruy Cinatti.
Bmi1 Regulates IκBα Degradation via Association with the SCF Complex
Authors: Okuyama Yuko , Tanaka Yuki , Jiang Jing-Jing , Kamimura Daisuke , Nakamura Akihiro , Ota Mitsutoshi , Ohki Takuto , Higo Daisuke , Ogura Hideki , Ishii Naoto , Atsumi Toru , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Bmi1 is a polycomb group protein and regulator that stabilizes the ubiquitination complex PRC1 in the nucleus with no evidently direct link to the NF-κB pathway. In this study, we report a novel function of Bmi1: its regulation of IκBα ubiquitination in the cytoplasm. A deficiency of Bmi1 inhibited NF-κB–mediated gene expression in vitro and a NF-κB–mediated mouse model of arthritis in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that Bmi1 associated with the SCF ubiquitination complex via its N terminus and with phosphorylation by an IKKα/β-dependent pathway, leading to the ubiquitination of IκBα. These effects on NF-κB–related inflammation suggest Bmi1 in the SCF complex is a potential therapeutic target for various diseases and disorders, including autoimmune diseases.
Baculovirus-Induced Fast-Acting Innate Immunity Kills Liver-Stage Plasmodium
Authors: Emran Talha Bin , Iyori Mitsuhiro , Ono Yuki , Amelia Fitri , Yusuf Yenni , Islam Ashekul , Alam Asrar , Tamura Megumi , Ogawa Ryohei , Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Yoshida Shigeto 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Baculovirus (BV), an enveloped insect virus with a circular dsDNA genome, possesses unique characteristics that induce strong innate immune responses in mammalian cells. In this study, we show that BV administration in BALB/c mice not only provides complete protection against a subsequent Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection for up to 7 d after the injection but also eliminates existing liver-stage parasites completely. The elimination of sporozoites by BV was superior to that by primaquine, and this effect occurred in a TLR9-independent manner. At 6 h after BV administration, IFN-α and IFN-γ were robustly produced in the serum, and RNA transcripts of IFN-stimulated genes were markedly upregulated in the liver compared with control mice. The in vivo passive transfer of serum after BV administration effectively eliminated liver-stage parasites, and IFN-α neutralization abolished this effect, indicating that the BV liver-stage parasite-killing mechanism is downstream of the type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that BV-induced, fast-acting innate immunity completely kills liver-stage parasites and, thus, may lead to new malaria drug and vaccine strategies.
The Significance of the Implementation of Human Rights in the Functioning of Economic Operators for the Prevention of the Causes of Economic and Broader Social Crisis
Authors: Korže Branko 
Published: September 2018

In this paper the author substantiates a thesis that the reason for the emergence of the economic and general social crisis lies in the withdrawal of European countries from the legislatively proclaimed model of a social market state and the assumption of neoliberal principles, which are the basis of economic globalization. He finds that globalization gave rise to numerous negative social phenomena resulting from the predominance of the economic interests of capital over other social values. The reestablishment of the functioning of the market–social state in Europe that would be based on human rights could significantly contribute to the elimination of the causes of the crisis. The enforcement of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Ruggi’s Guiding Principles) would mean the first step towards the change in principles and neoliberalism in the world and its negative effects.
Municipal Tax Autonomy and Tax Mimicking in Czech Municipalities
Authors: Sedmihradská Lucie , Bakoš Eduard 
Published: September 2018

Property tax autonomy of the Czech municipalities is quite narrow and to great extent unused. Perceived political costs of its usage are high and only 8% of municipalities utilized the possibility to increase the tax rates through so called local coefficient.
Using the binary logit model and a full sample and two subsamples of Czech municipalities in 2014 the existence of tax mimicking is confirmed regardless the subsample of municipalities considered or the definition of neighbors applied. The likelihood to increase the local coefficient is to some extent influenced by the composition of the municipal council and local demographic, geographic and fiscal situation. However, the overall capacity of the model to indicate municipalities which apply local coefficient is low and suggests that there are many other or different situations or factors which result in application of local coefficient.
Social limits to redistribution and conspicuous norms
Authors: Ferrari Luca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article the author considers an economy in which individuals are matched into pairs and the desirability of an individual depends on her position on the distribution of wealth. He assumes that individuals show their relative standing by consuming a conspicuous good and he shows that there exist different social norms supporting different matching arrangements. In addition, individuals have to vote over a redistributive policy and the author shows that, despite the desirability of the full redistributive outcomes, under some economic conditions the medium class is able to match with the high class in exchange of a minimum level of redistribution of wealth which keeps the low class far from economic and social opportunities.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use After Spine Surgery: A Review of Dispensation Trends From a State-run Prescription Monitoring Program
Authors: Rosenthal Brett D. , Suleiman Linda I. , Kannan Abhishek , Edelstein Adam I. , Hsu Wellington K. , Patel Alpesh A. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Opioid abuse and dependence have a detrimental effect on elective orthopaedic surgeries, yet pain control is an important predictor of postoperative satisfaction. We aimed at better defining risk factors for prolonged postoperative opioid requirements and risk factors for patients requiring higher doses of opioids after spine surgery.

Methods:
The Illinois Prescription Monitoring Program was queried to analyze opioid dispensation patterns at 3 and 6 months postoperatively for adult patients who had spine surgery at a tertiary care hospital by a single surgeon over a 5-year period. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 patients had opioid dispensed to them 3 and 6 months preoperatively, group 2 patients had opioid dispensed to them only at 3 months preoperatively, and group 3 patients did not have preoperative opioid prescriptions. Demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, surgical region, and presence of multiple prescribers were abstracted. Statistical analysis included multivariate modified Poisson regression, linear regression, and chi-squared testing when appropriate.

Results:
Patients in group 1 were at significantly increased risk of continued opioid usage than those in group 2 (relative risk, 3.934; 95% confidence interval, 1.691 to 9.150; P = 0.0015) and those in group 3 (relative risk, 4.004; 95% confidence interval, 1.712 to 9.365; P = 0.0014) at 6 months postoperatively. Group 1 patients also had larger quantities of opioid dispensed to them relative to patients in group 2 or group 3 (P < 0.0001) at 6 months postoperatively.

Discussion:
Use of opioid medications at 6 months preoperatively is a risk factor for continued usage and at higher doses 6 months postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:
Level III: retrospective cohort study
What is the Real State of Financial Management in Companies in the Republic of Serbia?
Authors: Petkovic Goran , Konjikusic Snezana , Barjaktarović Lidija , Pindzo Renata 
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Research Question: This paper focuses on the basic financial decision making practices of domestic companies and their knowledge of the operational risk management concept. Motivation: Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) play a significant role in the company’s development and achieving the company’s objectives (Van Horne & Wachowicz, 2007). Different authors carry out research based on one of the fields of finances-related decision making, like Graham & Harvey, 2001. The goal of this research is to show that difference in decision making process on companies’ finances and risk management depends on the company’s ownership structure. Idea: The paper is aimed at the recognition of differences found in corporate decision making, relating both to capital budgeting and capital structure, dividend payout policy and risk management concept, depending on the ownership structure. Data: During the first half of 2016, a research consisting of the 392-companies sample operating in the Republic of Serbia was conducted, including all four listed fields concerning their economic operations. Nevertheless, only a total of 54 CFOs completed and handed back the distributed questionnaires. Tools: Some basic descriptive statistics techniques, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied throughout the complete data analysis, while data processing involved the use of standard statistical package IBM SPSS 20.0. Findings: As shown by research findings, there is a notable difference in decision making, both on dividend payout and on risk management concept, depending on the types of ownership, with companies operating in our domestic market. The future research will concentrate on practice of companies merging both domestic and foreign entities, in order to determine whether a similar pattern might be found. Contribution: Furthermore, the research is intended to be complemented by the data contained in the official financial reports of those companies, with a view to ascertaining if the statements made by their CFOs are actually applied in the corporate practice.
Antiviral therapy effectively improves liver hemodynamics as evidenced by serum biomarker and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyong , Zhang Chaoxue , Shi Chen , Hu Naizhong , Sun Bin , Kong Derun , Xu Jianming 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims
To prospectively evaluate the effects of antiviral therapy on liver hemodynamics in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Methods
Seventy consecutive eligible HBV-related cirrhotic inpatients were enrolled in the prospective study. Fifty-two received different nucleoside analogs monotherapy and 18 denied antiviral therapy. Their liver biochemistry profiles and HBV-DNA were measured at the baseline and every 3 months. Peripheral blood vWF and sCD163, as well as liver ultrasound Doppler parameters including portal vein diameter (PVD), portal vein velocity (PVV), portal vein congestion index (PV-CI), hepatic vein damping index (HV-DI), hepatic arterial arrival time (HAAT), hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT) and intrahepatic cycle time (HV-HA), were measured at the baseline and the follow-up periods.

Results
In the antiviral group, all patients achieved complete virologic and liver biochemical responses after 3-month antiviral treatment. Furthermore, the response states were maintained till the follow-up endpoint. However, in the non-antiviral group, HBV DNA replication resulted in higher levels of ALT and AST compared to the baseline values (P < 0.05). In the antiviral group, PVD, PV-CI, HV-DI, vWF-Ag and sCD163 were all significantly reduced than the baseline values (P < 0.05), and PVV was significantly increased than the baseline value (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Antiviral therapy could effectively suppress hepatocyte inflammation and alleviate the dysfunction of intrahepatic vascular endothelial and hepatic macrophages, which might improve hepatic hemodynamic function in HBV-related cirrhosis.
Molecular typing and profiling of topoisomerase mutations causing resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin inElizabethkingiaspecies
Authors: Jian Ming-Jr , Cheng Yun-Hsiang , Perng Cherng-Lih , Shang Hung-Sheng 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesSeveralElizabethkingiaspecies often exhibit extensive antibiotic resistance, causing infections associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we determined fluoroquinolone susceptibility profiles of clinicalElizabethkingiaspp. isolates and investigated the resistance mechanisms.MethodsIn 2017–2018, 131Elizabethkingiaspp. isolates were recovered from specimens collected at tertiary care centers in northern Taiwan. Initial species identification using the Vitek MS system and subsequent verification by 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the presence ofElizabethkingia anophelis(n= 111),E. miricola(n= 11), andE. meningoseptica(n= 9). Fluoroquinolone susceptibility was determined using the microbroth dilution method, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes were analyzed by sequencing.ResultsAmongElizabethkingiaspp. isolates, 91% and 77% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The most prevalent alterations were two single mutations in GyrA, Ser83Ile, and Ser83Arg, detected in 76% of the isolates exhibiting fluoroquinolone MIC between 8 and 128 μg/ml. Another GyrA single mutation, Asp87Asn, was identified in two quinolone-resistantE. miricolastrains. None of the isolates had alterations in GyrB, ParC, or ParE. We developed a high-resolution melting assay for rapid identification of the prevalentgyrAgene mutations. The genetic relationship between the isolates was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR that yielded diverse pulsotypes, indicating the absence of any temporal or spatial overlap among the patients during hospitalization.ConclusionOur analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistantElizabethkingiaspp. isolates provides information for further research on the variations of the resistance mechanism and potential clinical guidance for infection management.
Distraction of cyclists: how does it influence their risky behaviors and traffic crashes?
Authors: Useche Sergio A. , Alonso Francisco , Montoro Luis , Esteban Cristina 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundUndisputedly, traffic crashes constitute a public health concern whose impact and importance have been increasing during the past few decades. Specifically, road safety data have systematically shown how cyclists are highly vulnerable to suffering traffic crashes and severe injuries derived from them. Furthermore, although the empirical evidence is still very limited in this regard, in addition to other human factors involved in cycling crashes, distractions while cycling appear to be a major contributor to the road risk of cyclists.ObjectivesThe main objectives of this study were, first, to explore the prevalence and trends of cycling distractions within an international sample of bike users, and second, to determine the influence of such distractions on road crashes suffered by cyclists, simultaneously considering the explanatory role of risky behaviors (errors and traffic violations) as potentially mediating variables between cycling distractions and traffic crashes.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data obtained from 1,064 cyclists—61.2% male and 38.8% female—from 20 different countries, who answered an on-line questionnaire on cycling-related features, habits, behaviors and accidents.ResultsThe prevalence of different cycling distractions oscillated between 34.7% and 83.6%. The most common distractions were those related to the behavior of other users, physical elements of the road, weather conditions and phone calls. Age trends and differences were also found, thus establishing a positive association between age and distractibility during cycling. Furthermore, the effect of distractions on traffic crashes of cyclists was significant when tested together with age, risk perception and risky behaviors on the road.ConclusionThe results of this study support the hypotheses that distractions have a major prevalence among bike users, and that they play a significant role in the prediction of the traffic crash rates of cyclists, through the mediation of risky behaviors.
Recognition of modified cytosine variants by the DNA‐binding domain of methyl‐directed endonuclease McrBC
Authors: Zagorskaitė Evelina , Manakova Elena , Sasnauskas Giedrius 
Published: September 2018

Cytosine modifications expand the information content of genomic DNA in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, providing means for epigenetic regulation and self versus nonself discrimination. For example, the methyl‐directed restriction endonuclease, McrBC, recognizes and cuts invading bacteriophage DNA containing 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and N4‐methylcytosine (4mC), leaving the unmodified host DNA intact. Here, we present cocrystal structures of McrB‐N bound to DNA oligoduplexes containing 5hmC, 5‐formylcytosine (5fC), and 4mC, and characterize the relative affinity of McrB‐N to various cytosine variants. We find that McrB‐N flips out modified bases into a protein pocket and binds cytosine derivatives in the order of descending affinity: 4mC > 5mC > 5hmC ≫ 5fC. We also show that pocket mutations alter the relative preference of McrB‐N to 5mC, 5hmC, and 4mC.
Utility and prognostic value of 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scans in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Aljama Mohammed A. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Buadi Francis K. , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Muchtar Eli , Fonder Amie L. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Warsame Rahma M. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Hwa Yi Lisa , Kapoor Prashant , Kyle Robert A. , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPositron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) can identify bony lesions, assess disease burden, and detect extramedullary disease (EMD) in patients with multiple myeloma. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who underwent PET‐CT within 60 days of a new diagnosis (before therapy commenced) to identify the nature and prognostic impact of PET‐CT abnormalities. Patients (N = 313) were seen from April 2005 through June 2017. Of the 234 patients (75%) with focal lesions (FLs), 182 (58%) had at least 3 FLs, 38 (12%) had EMD, and 204 (65%) had documented myelomatous lytic lesions. The median maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for the entire cohort was 5.9 (range 1.5‐48.3). Presence of at least 3 FLs and EMD predicted inferior overall survival (OS); median OS was 57.8 months for patients with 3 or more FLs and 103.6 months for patients with fewer than 3 FLs (P = .003). The median OS was 45.5 and 71.8 months for patients with and without EMD, respectively (P = .004). No clear SUVmax cutoff was predictive of progression‐free survival or OS. PET‐CT is a valuable tool for assessing disease burden and could provide prognostic information about a contemporary cohort of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma who received treatment with novel agents.
Sequential HLA‐haploidentical transplantation utilizing post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide for GvHD prophylaxis in high‐risk and relapsed/refractory AML/MDS
Authors: Fraccaroli Alessia , Prevalsek Dusan , Fritsch Susanne , Haebe Sarah , Bücklein Veit , Schulz Christoph , Hubmann Max , Stemmler Hans‐Joachim , Ledderose Georg , Hausmann Andreas , Schmid Christoph , Tischer Johanna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the role of sequential therapy in HLA‐haploidentical transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) of high‐risk, relapsed/refractory AML/MDS. We analyzed the course of 33 adults with active disease at time of transplantation (AML n = 30; MDS n = 3; median age 58 years, range: 32‐71). Sequential therapy consisted of cytoreductive chemotherapy (FLAMSA n = 21; clofarabine n = 12) applied shortly prior to reduced intensity conditioning for T‐cell‐replete haplo‐HSCT using post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide as GvHD prophylaxis. No graft rejection was observed. Complete remission at day +30 was achieved in 97% of patients. CI of acute GvHD grade II‐IV and chronic GvHD was 24% (no grade IV) and 23%, respectively. NRM at 1 and 3 years was 15%, each. Severe regimen‐related toxicities (grade III‐IV) were observed in 58%, predominantly involving the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea 48%, mucositis 15%, transient elevation of transaminases 18%). Probability of relapse at 1 and 3 years was 28% and 35%. At a median follow‐up of 36 months, the estimated 1‐ and 3‐year overall survival was 56% and 48%. Disease‐free survival was 49% and 40%, respectively. At 3 years, GvHD and relapse‐free survival (GRFS) was 24% while chronic GvHD and relapse‐free survival (CRFS) was 29%. Thus, our results indicate that sequential haplo‐HSCT is an effective salvage treatment providing high anti‐leukemic activity, favorable tolerance, and acceptable toxicity in patients suffering from advanced AML/MDS.