bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Functional Genetics ThroughAgrobacterium-Mediated Insertional Mutagenesis and CRISPR/Cas9 in the Commensal and Pathogenic YeastMalassezia
Authors: Ianiri Giuseppe , Dagotto Gabriel , Sun Sheng , Heitman Joseph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMalassezia are a monophyletic phylum of 18 species of commensal/ pathogenic yeasts that are prominent in the mammalian mycobiome, and recently linked to risk of Crohn’s Disease. Malassezia are challenging to study...Malassezia encompasses a monophyletic group of basidiomycetous yeasts naturally found on the skin of humans and other animals. Malassezia species have lost genes for lipid biosynthesis, and are therefore lipid-dependent and difficult to manipulate under laboratory conditions. In this study, we applied a recently-developed Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol to perform transfer (T)-DNA random insertional mutagenesis in Malassezia furfur. A total of 767 transformants were screened for sensitivity to 10 different stresses, and 19 mutants that exhibited a phenotype different from the wild type were further characterized. The majority of these strains had single T-DNA insertions, which were identified within open reading frames of genes, untranslated regions, and intergenic regions. Some T-DNA insertions generated chromosomal rearrangements while others could not be characterized. To validate the findings of our forward genetic screen, a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system was developed to generate targeted deletion mutants for two genes identified in the screen: CDC55 and PDR10. This system is based on cotransformation of M. furfur mediated by A. tumefaciens, to deliver both a CAS9-gRNA construct that induces double-strand DNA breaks and a gene replacement allele that serves as a homology-directed repair template. Targeted deletion mutants for both CDC55 and PDR10 were readily generated with this method. This study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation to aid in the identification of gene functions in M. furfur, through both insertional mutagenesis and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene deletion.
Intensity of microbiological processes in gray forest soils under the liming and plowing of crop by-products
Authors: Malynovska I. M. , Tkachenko N. A. 
Published: June 2019

Established that liming with single dose by hydrolytic acidity (1,0 Hg) slows down the processes of organic matter mineralization in gray forest soil: without mineral fertilizers – in 2,1 times, with mineral fertilizers – in 4,1, with plowing of the seed crop biomass and the by-products of the predecessor – in 1,4 times. The mineralization of nitrogen compounds as a result of liming also proceeds slower: without mineral fertilizers – in 1,2 times, with mineral fertilizers – in 2,2 times. Confirmed patterns that were obtained in previous years of research about the impact of liming on the activity of humus mineralization – it decreases as a result of liming with full dose (1,0 Hg) without mineral fertilizers by 66,7 %, with mineral fertilizers – by 4,4 %. The total biological activity in the soil without a mineral fertilizer increases as a result of liming by 23,0 %, with mineral fertilizers – by 42,5, at the background of exogenous organic matter (EOM) plowing – by 83,7 %. Liming allows to reduce the level of phytotoxicity of soil without mineral fertilization by 17,9 %, %, with mineral fertilizers at the background of EOM – by 12,2 %. Positive influence of liming is amplified in variants with introduction of organic matter into the soil (byproducts of predecessor and siderate). Plowing of siderate crop biomass and by-products of predecessor in crop rotation allows to slow down the processes of organic matter accumulation in soil. The application of liming and mineral fertilizers in combination with the introduction of EOM reduces the index of pedotropy in 2,1 times, only with mineral fertilizers (N60Р30К60) – in 1,5 times. Similarly, plowing of the EOM affects the intensity of other mineralization processes. The total biological activity increases as a result of EOM plowing into the soil: in the variant with the use of mineral fertilizers by 54,7 %, with mineral fertilizers and liming – by 28,9 %. Confirmed previously established laws regarding the impact of optimization of mineral nutrition on the activity of decomposition of humic substances: with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers in 1,5 and 2 times the activity of mineralization of humus decreases by 6.0 and 10,1 % respectively. With the improvement of mineral nutrition of plants, the amount of root extracts is increased, which is a more accessible substrate than humus acids, which leads to slowing down of the destruction of humus substances.
Trophic selectivity of litter saprophages (Diplopoda, Isopoda) in natural forests in the steppe conditions
Authors: Pokhylenko A. P. , Didur O. O. , Kulbachko Yu. L. , Ovchynnykova Yu. Yu. 
Published: June 2019

The forest litter serves as a bridge between the above ground forest flora and fauna with the soil. Trophic activity of soil invertebrates affects the decomposition processes of plant organic residues and, thus, on the forest soils fertility. It is a natural mechanism that positively influences on maintenance and improvement of natural soils properties. The object of this study is the representatives of Diplopoda Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) and Isopoda Porcellio scaber (Latreille, 1804). The aim of the paper is to qualify the trophic preferences of the saprophages, as soil invertebrate representatives, of natural forest ecosystems in conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. To identify the ecological role of millipedes and woodlice as primary destructors of leaf litter, we made a field experiment studying their trophic preferences with the use of microcosms. Microcosms (containers) were filled with soil free from invertebrates; after it added a certain mixture of leaf litter and saprophages representatives. To analyze the decomposition rate of leaf litter the percentage of consumed litter was determined by calculating air-dry mass of leaf litter in the beginning and at the end of experiment. A regression model that reflects the trophic selectivity of saprophages for the following mixture components of such tree species as the common maple (Acer campestre (L.), little-leaved linden (Tilia cordata (Mill.), common oak (Quercus robur (L.), European white elm (Ulmus laevis (Pall.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior (L.) is proposed. Among other regression model types (linear, quadratic, special cubic), permissible statistical estimates revealed a special cubic mathematical model and it allowed to conclude on the saprophages trophic selectivity. The special cubic regression model has a relatively high performance (the determination coefficient is 87.5 %) and adequately approximates empirical data with a significance level of less than 0.05. It was found out that common maple and European white elm litter is consumed in a greater quantity than any other litter from suggested. It is confirmed by their main effects coefficients in the regression equation. Thus, the saprophages trophic selectivity persistence in natural forests under the conditions of the steppe zone has been proved. Consequently, the saprophages trophic activity increases with the presence of the maple and European white elm in natural forests, which makes expedient the use of these tree species, in the design of forest stands.
Features of Studying Atomic Hydrogen – Metal Systems
Authors: Schur D. V. , Zaginaichenko S. Yu. , Veziroglu A. , Veziroglu T. N. , Zolotarenko A. D. , Gabdullin M. T. , Ramazanov T. S. , Zolotarenko Al. D. , Zolotarenko An. D. 
Published: June 2019

All the main areas of energy development suggest or are already implementing the use of metal-hydrogen systems. For nuclear energy, this is associated with the creation of thermostable moderators and special-purpose construction materials, for thermonuclear energy, with the behavior of the so-called first wall of fusion reactors, for hydrogen energy — storage, transportation and extraction of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most effective moderator of fast and thermal neutrons, especially at high volumetric concentrations of hydrogen atoms in the material, i.e. at a high value of the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of metal atoms, taking into account the heat resistance of the hydride. This paper discusses the modern methods of experimental studies of heterogeneous reactions, the topochemistry of metal – hydrogen reactions, the dependence of the interaction rate on pressure and temperature, models of surface processes occurring during the interaction of hydrogen with metal. Methods for determining the probability of adsorption of hydrogen on a metal surface, methods for measuring the activation energy of dissociation of a hydrogen molecule on a surface are also discussed. The paper describes the fea-tures of the preparation of the reactor, experimental samples and the method of their study in the study of atomic hydrogen-metal systems, the method of plasma-chemical thermogravimetry used to study heterogeneous reactions occurring in a hydrogen plasma electrodeless discharge. In order to study the mechanism of interaction of hydrogen with hydride-forming metals, a kinetic method of research is proposed. The essence of the kinetic method is that the elimination of the limiting influence of surface and diffusion processes on the rate of hydride formation using atomic hydrogen and metal foil makes it possible to directly record the formation of the corresponding phases using hydro-gen-metal kinetic curves, and also study the effect of various parameters on the rate of interaction and the formation of hydride phases.
Avoiding Offensive Language in Audio-visual Translation: A Case Study of Subtitling from English to Slovenian
Authors: Trupej Janko 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article explores the strategies for avoiding offensive language in the Slovenian subtitles of 50 English-language films. The analysis encompassed all examples of strong language in each of the films and established that almost half of the more than 4000 instances of such language were not preserved in Slovenian. Profanity was avoided more often in films that made more frequent use of it. In less than one-fifth of the instances were there objective reasons for omitting it; the remaining instances can be regarded as (self-)censorship. On a few occasions, offensive language also appears to have been lost in translation because translators failed to grasp the connotative meaning of the original terms. Four strategies for avoiding offensive language were identified: the most frequently employed strategy was deletion, followed by modulation of register, while the strategies substitution with a pronoun and radical change of meaning were used far less often. Furthermore, the study has shown that avoiding offensive language may cause certain shifts on the macrostructural level of a film, i.e. alter the audience's understanding of the plot, the characterization, the perception of relationships between characters, etc.
Ad hoc Corpora and Journalistic Translation Research: BBC News and BBC Mundo's Coverage of Margaret Thatcher's Death and Funeral
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes the use of ad hoc corpora in journalistic translation research (JTR), particularly to analyse content rather than language issues in news texts. To illustrate the validity of an ad hoc corpus as a research tool, this article will survey the articles reporting on the death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher, posted on the website of the BBC in English and Spanish. It will examine the approach to the news event on the two websites, and whether the news writers/translators of the Spanish texts undermine the dominant narrative found in the English articles. The corpus comprises the texts transedited into Spanish, the English texts, and English and Spanish co-texts that were posted during the same period of time. The results show that BBC Mundo writers/translators offer their readership a distinct approach to this particular news item, which emphasises the negative aspects of Margaret Thatcher's terms in office.
Sintesis Zeolit Silikalit-1 Menggunakan Limbah Tongkol Jagung sebagai Sumber Silika
Authors: Gunawan Ginawanti Maulida , Suhendar Dede , Sundari Citra Deliana Dewi , Ivansyah Atthar Luqman , Setiadji Soni , Rohmatulloh Yusuf 
Published: June 2019

Tongkol jagung merupakan limbah agrikultural yang banyak mengandung silika yang pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Silika dai tongkol jagung dapat menjadi solusi alternatif untuk menggantikan sumber silika komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, mensintesis, dan mengkarakterisasi zeolit silikalit-1 dari limbah tongkol jagung. Metode sol-gel digunakan untuk mengisolasi silika yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk sintesis zeolit silikalit-1 dengan metode hidrotermal. Komposisi silika ditentukan oleh X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Silika yang dihasilkan sebesar 34,55%. Pengotor utama silika yang dihasilkan dari hasil ekstraksi adalah Na2O sebesar 7,48%. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa silika hasil isolasi adalah amorf. Data Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya siloksan dan kelompok silanol didalam silika. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukan bahwa zeolit silikalit-1 telah berhasil disintesis dengan ukuran kristal sebesar 15,28 nm. Data Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya gugus D5R pentasil pada zeolit yang dihasilkan. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukan morfologi dari zeolit silikalit-1 berbentuk bola-bola kecil yang merupakan benih kristal heksagonal yang sepenuhnya belum terbentuk.
Rekristalisasi Natrium Klorida dari Larutan Natrium Klorida Dalam beberapa Minyak yang Dipanaskan
Authors: Sumarni Wulan , Suhendar Dede , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo 
Published: June 2019

Garam dapur (NaCl) merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat penting bagi manusia, diantaranya sebagai bumbu dan pengawet makanan. Konsumsi rata-rata natrium global diperkirakan 3,9 g/hari (setara dengan 10 g/hari garam) yang melebihi asupan maksimum yang disarankan yaitu 2 g/hari natrium atau setara dengan 5 g/hari garam. Selama ini kebanyakan orang mengkonsumsi makanan hanya memikirkan selera dan rasanya saja sehingga kurang memperhatikan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Kristal garam yang sebagian terlarut dalam mulut ditelan tanpa memberikan rasa asin. Untuk meningkatkan rasa asin dan menghindari partikel garam tertelan sebelum terlarut dalam mulut maka tingkat kelarutan kristal garam harus ditingkatkan. Mengoptimalkan bentuk fisik garam dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kandungan garam tanpa mengurangi kualitas yang dirasakan dalam makanan. Kristal garam dengan ukuran kecil (mikrokristal) diperoleh dengan cara rekristalisasi garam dari larutannya dengan menggunakan minyak hewani dan minyak nabati sebagai medium rekristalisasinya. Hasil kristalisasi menggunakan minyak ini berhasil membuat kristal dengan ukuran mikro dan kadar air sesuai garam SNI.
Hypanthropos
Authors: Witmore Christopher 
Published: June 2019

Offering a more precise epithet for that which has emerged under the provisional label of the “Anthropocene”, this article trains its lens on some of the more-than-monstrous things that have revealed themselves in our calamitous times. It raises questions about how archaeologists are to apprehend and approach objects that differ in scale, speed, makeup, and efficacy from anything our field has ever dealt with. But rather than honing its analytical edge exclusively with the latest science, it also ventures in another direction to explore some of the powers of art by considering the work of the Canadian photographer Edward Burtynksy. Finally, it makes a few closing remarks on the role of our profession in this new archaeological era.
Кампании по упорядочению пользования служебными автомобилями в СССР (конец 1950-х‑1980-е гг.)
Authors: Твердюкова Елена Дмитриевна 
Published: June 2019

Статья посвящена проблеме, не являвшейся ранее предметом специального исследования в исторической и социологической литературе, – кампаниям по упорядочению пользования служебными автомобилями в СССР в контексте борьбы с привилегиями советского «правящего класса». Исследование подготовлено на базе архивных документов, впервые введенных автором в научный оборот, нормативно-правовых актов, материалов периодической печати, источников личного происхождения. В исследовании автор исходит из признания привилегий для членов партийно-хозяйственной номенклатуры в СССР, носивших «вещный» характер и выражавшихся в том числе в предоставлении части государственного имущества в личное пользование. Основное место уделяется периоду «оттепели», поскольку в конце 1950-х гг. очевидные излишества в материально-бытовом обеспечении номенклатуры впервые стали рассматриваться как социальная проблема. С одной стороны, это обусловливалось пополнением отечественного автопарка; с другой – провозглашением построения общества социальной справедливости. Кампания не прибавила популярности Н. С. Хрущеву в рядах номенклатуры и способствовала его отстранению от власти. В последующие годы все попытки изменить доступ служащих госаппарата к ведомственному транспорту предусматривали мероприятия, опробованные на рубеже 1950–1960-х гг.: передачу машин в автохозяйства общего пользования, уменьшение расходов на содержание служебных машин, использование их без штатных водителей, сокращение парка специальных машин. И ни одна из этих реформ не явилась сколько-нибудь результативной. На примере кампаний по упорядочению пользования ведомственным транспортом в статье рассматривается социальный аспект советской автомобилизации. Автор доказывает, что автомобиль в СССР являлся не только средством передвижения, а одним из важнейших элементов социального порядка. Наделенный символической функцией престижности и принадлежности к привилегированному меньшинству, он выступал своеобразным маркером стратификации общества. В этой связи реформирование служебного автопарка было обречено на неудачу и являлось классическим примером попытки реализации политической утопии по достижению социального равенства.
PENGARUH GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF
Authors: Khoeron Ibnu R. , Sumarna Nana , Permana Tatang 
Published: June 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang gaya belajar dan prestasi belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran produktif di SMK Negeri 8 Kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sebanyak 35,2% peserta didik memiliki gaya belajar visual, 55,2% peserta didik memiliki gaya belajar auditori, dan 29,6% peserta didik memiliki gaya belajar kinestetik. Secara umum, peserta didik cenderung memiliki gaya belajar visual dan auditori. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar mempunyai hubungan terhadap prestasi belajar. Gaya belajar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar. Gaya belajar mempunyai kontribusi atau pengaruh sebesar 52% terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik dan sisanya 48% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak di analisis dalam model.
Burials in Anthropomorphic Jars in the Philippines
Authors: Tabarev A. V. , Patrusheva A. E. , Cuevas N. 
Published: June 2019

The fi rst joint study by Russian and Philippine archaeologists addresses an unusual variant of a burial tradition distributed in Island Southeast Asia – burials in anthropomorphic clay jars, found in Ayub Cave (southern Mindanao Island, Philippines), excavated by specialists from the National Museum of the Philippines in 1991–1992, and tentatively dated to 500 BC to 500 AD. Of special interest are lids of jars shaped as painted human heads with individualized facial features and expressions. The fi nds suggest that Ayub Cave was a necropolis of the tribe elite, and that vessels were produced by a special group of potters using elaborate “prestige technologies”. The Ayub ceramic collection has various parallels relating to clay fi gurines and decoration including painting, among Late Neolithic and Early Metal Age assemblages from the Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, and Negros Islands), Indonesia (Sumba, Flores, and Bali Islands), and other regions of the Pacifi c Basin from Japan (Jomon) and Korea (Early Iron Age burials) to Vanuatu Islands (Lapita culture). These parallels suggest that the source of the anthropomorphic symbolism was the Austronesian migration with one of its routes passing from southern China via Taiwan, the northern Philippines, Mariana Islands, and further south to Melanesia and Polynesia.
The Analysis of the Causes of Sudden Deaths Among Workers of Locomotive Crews
Authors: Zhidkova E. A. , Naigovzina N. B. , Kalinin M. R. , Gutor E. M. , Gurevich K. G. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: to analyze causes of sudden death (SD) of workers of locomotive crews. Materials and methods. We performed the retrospective analysis of SDs of employees of Joint Stock Company ( JSC) “Russian Railways” for the period 2009–2017 (total 119 cases). Results. As a rule, the combination of risk factors of development of cardiovascular diseases was present, but the SCORE scale risk of cardiac death was average. However, in 60 % of cases at life risks were not correctly assessed. Differences were found between the deceased depending on what type of locomotive they steered. Also, a part of SD victims overworked during the last month (year). Conclusion. Further improvement of work of medical service of JSC “Russian Railways” is necessary.
DEADLINE SETTLEMENT OF PETITION FOR DECLARATION OF BANKRUPTCY BEFORE THE COMMERCIAL COURT AND THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ACCORDING TO LAW NUMBER 37 OF 2004 ON BANKRUPTCY AND SUSPENSION OF DEBT PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Wijayanta Tata 
Published: June 2019

<p>This study aimed to identify and analyze (1) the regulation regarding the deadline for applications of bankruptcy, (2) the practice of the deadline regulation, and (3) the legal consequences when they do not heed the deadline. This research is a normative legal research supported by interviews with informants. The data were collected through documentation method with document study tool, while the data from the informants were collected through interviews by using interview manual tool. The secondary data were analyzed by content analysis with statute approach, while the analysis of the interview data was conducted through a qualitative analysis. The results and discussion show that the Bankruptcy and PKPU Act applies because the previous bankruptcy regulation was not effective because it did not regulate the deadline for settling bankruptcy, so that it’s a long period of time. The regulation of deadline for bankruptcy settlement in 2015 was largely complied with the provisions of law. 87% of the verdicts (14 out of 16 verdicts) were made within less than 60 days, while 13% (2 verdicts) were made beyond the time period specified by law. The Bankruptcy and PKPU Act does not regulate any legal sanctions/effects in relation to the deadline for judges who handle bankruptcy petitions, however, the common sanctioning relates to the assessment of the judges’ performance.</p>