bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continental Extrusion and Laterally Heterogeneous Deformation Characteristics Within Southeast Tibet
Authors: Zhao Shengzhe , Yao Huajian , Feng Jikun , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoutheast Tibet provides a weak window for continental extrusion and plateau expansion, yet there is still limited understanding regarding specific deformation patterns in this region. Here, we construct a 3‐D crustal anisotropic S‐wave velocity model for the SE Tibetan Plateau. Our new observation retrieved from ambient noise interferometry sheds light on the belt of high‐velocity in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. This belt is strengthened by the potential trajectory of the mantle plume and serves as a relatively rigid block, which obstructs the possible weak crustal materials from the northwest and transmits compressive stress onto the Xiaojiang fault system. With lower strength, the Xiaojiang fault region accommodates continental extrusion by preferentially deforming, while partial melting of the felsic mid‐lower crust shapes extensive low‐velocity anomalies. Within the context of the continental extrusion, lateral heterogeneity in lithospheric rigidity dominates the non‐uniform deformation of SE Tibet.
Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies
Authors: Sabé Michel , Sulstarova Adi , Glangetas Alban , De Pieri Marco , Mallet Luc , Curtis Logos , Richard-Lepouriel Héléne , Penzenstadler Louise , Seragnoli Federico , Thorens Gabriel , Zullino Daniele , Preller Katrin , Böge Kerem , Leucht Stefan , Correll Christoph U. , Solmi Marco , Kaiser Stefan , Kirschner Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Persons with schizophrenia are excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about the risk of triggering or worsening psychosis. However, there is limited meta-analytic data on the risk of psychedelic-induced psychosis in individuals with pre-existing psychotic disorders.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews to assess the incidence of psychedelic-induced psychosis and symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia. Our pre-registered protocol (CRD42023399591) covered: LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, and MDMA, using data from Embase, PubMed, PsyARTICLES, PsyINFO, and trial registries up to November 2023. A random-effects model was used to calculate psychosis incidence, with standardized assessments of study quality.

Results
From 131 publications, we analyzed 14 systematic reviews, 20 reviews, 35 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), 10 case-control studies, 30 uncontrolled trials (UCTs), and 22 cohort studies, most of which were low quality. Meta-analysis of nine studies showed an incidence of psychedelic-induced psychosis at 0.002% in population studies, 0.2% in UCTs, and 0.6% in RCTs. In UCTs including individuals with schizophrenia, 3.8% developed long-lasting psychotic symptoms. Of those with psychedelic-induced psychosis, 13.1% later developed schizophrenia. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results.

Conclusion
In summary, the reviewed evidence suggests that schizophrenia might not be a definite exclusion criterion for clinical trials exploring safety and efficacy of psychedelics for treatment-resistant depression and negative symptoms. However, given the low quality and limited number of studies, more high-quality research is needed, and a conservative approach is recommended until further data is available.
Electronic dynamics created at conical intersections and its dephasing in aqueous solution
Authors: Chang Yi-Ping , Balciunas Tadas , Yin Zhong , Sapunar Marin , Tenorio Bruno N. C. , Paul Alexander C. , Tsuru Shota , Koch Henrik , Wolf Jean-Pierre , Coriani Sonia , Wörner Hans Jakob 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A dynamical rearrangement in the electronic structure of a molecule can be driven by different phenomena, including nuclear motion, electronic coherence or electron correlation. Recording such electronic dynamics and identifying its fate in an aqueous solution has remained a challenge. Here, we reveal the electronic dynamics induced by electronic relaxation through conical intersections in both isolated and solvated pyrazine molecules using X-ray spectroscopy. We show that the ensuing created dynamics corresponds to a cyclic rearrangement of the electronic structure around the aromatic ring. Furthermore, we found that such electronic dynamics were entirely suppressed when pyrazine was dissolved in water. Our observations confirm that conical intersections can create electronic dynamics that are not directly excited by the pump pulse and that aqueous solvation can dephase them in less than 40 fs. These results have implications for the investigation of electronic dynamics created during light-induced molecular dynamics and shed light on their susceptibility to aqueous solvation.
Digestive contents and food webs record the advent of dinosaur supremacy
Authors: Qvarnström Martin , Vikberg Wernström Joel , Wawrzyniak Zuzanna , Barbacka Maria , Pacyna Grzegorz , Górecki Artur , Ziaja Jadwiga , Jarzynka Agata , Owocki Krzysztof , Sulej Tomasz , Marynowski Leszek , Pieńkowski Grzegorz , Ahlberg Per E. , Niedźwiedzki Grzegorz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe early radiation of dinosaurs remains a complex and poorly understood evolutionary event1–4. Here we use hundreds of fossils with direct evidence of feeding to compare trophic dynamics across five vertebrate assemblages that record this event in the Triassic–Jurassic succession of the Polish Basin (central Europe). Bromalites, fossil digestive products, increase in size and diversity across the interval, indicating the emergence of larger dinosaur faunas with new feeding patterns. Well-preserved food residues and bromalite-taxon associations enable broad inferences of trophic interactions. Our results, integrated with climate and plant data, indicate a stepwise increase of dinosaur diversity and ecospace occupancy in the area. This involved (1) a replacement of non-dinosaur guild members by opportunistic and omnivorous dinosaur precursors, followed by (2) the emergence of insect and fish-eating theropods and small omnivorous dinosaurs. Climate change in the latest Triassic5–7 resulted in substantial vegetation changes that paved the way for ((3) and (4)) an expansion of herbivore ecospace and the replacement of pseudosuchian and therapsid herbivores by large sauropodomorphs and early ornithischians that ingested food of a broader range, even including burnt plants. Finally, (5) theropods rapidly evolved and developed enormous sizes in response to the appearance of the new herbivore guild. We suggest that the processes shown by the Polish data may explain global patterns, shedding new light on the environmentally governed emergence of dinosaur dominance and gigantism that endured until the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
Mindfulness training reduces the preference for proenvironmental outcomes
Authors: Le Houcq Corbi Zarah , Koch Kathrin , Hölzel Britta , Soutschek Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTheoretical accounts posit that mindfulness promotes proenvironmental behavior. While this claim is supported by correlational findings, past intervention studies provided no evidence that enhancing mindfulness increases self-report measures of proenvironmental behavior. Here, we tested whether a 31-day mindfulness intervention strengthens preferences for proenvironmental outcomes with decision tasks involving real conflict between participants’ selfish interests and beneficial consequences for the environment. To unravel the psychological mechanisms underlying the impact of mindfulness on proenvironmental behavior, we assessed the impact of mindfulness training on prosociality and future orientation. Contrary to our hypotheses, the mindfulness intervention reduced instead of increased preferences for proenvironmental and prosocial outcomes, whereas no effects were observed on future orientation. Baseline preferences for proenvironmental and prosocial outcomes (and the intervention effects on them) were correlated, providing empirical evidence for a link between proenvironmental behavior and prosociality. Together, the current data suggest that the relationship between mindfulness and proenvironmental behavior as well as prosociality may be more complicated than assumed in the literature.
Effective preparation of low-melting solder materials for atom probe tomography
Authors: Cui Charlotte , Tkadletz Michael , Reisinger Michael , Imrich Peter , Hartner Walter , Brunner Roland 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow-melting metal alloys have gained renewed attention for additive manufacturing, energy storage and microelectronics. However, micro- and nanostructure characterisation demands highly sophisticated sample preparation. Here, we optimise the Ga-FIB preparation of atom probe tomography (APT) specimens for low melting SAC305 solder materials utilising different FESEM/FIB stage temperatures. We study the effects of FESEM/FIB stage temperature on the specimen milling behaviour during Ga-FIB preparation and compare the extent of Ga implantation and precipitate coarsening during the preparation utilising energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and APT. We show that cooling the sample to −60 °C during FIB milling utilising a Peltier cooling stage improves the behaviour of the specimen during the final low-keV milling step significantly. We conclude that performing all Ga-FIB-sample interactions at −60 °C with a Pt-protection layer allows for effective and reproducible APT specimen preparation for low-melting alloys, such as SAC305.
A comprehensive study on methylene blue removal via polymer and protein nanoparticle adsorbents
Authors: Fathi Ali , Asgari Esrafil , Danafar Hossein , salehabadi Hafezeh , Fazli Mehran Mohammadian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWater pollution, particularly from industrial contaminants such as dyes, is a significant global concern. Various technologies, including nanoscale materials, are employed for water and wastewater treatment. Among these, adsorption process as an effective method due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. This study comprised both theoretical and experimental phases. Initially, computer simulations were utilized to evaluate the interaction between methylene blue and three selected nanoparticles, ultimately choosing Bovine Serum Albumin protein nanoadsorbent based on energy considerations. Subsequently, adsorption experiments were conducted using this nanosorbent. The results indicated a maximum dye removal efficiency of 69% under the conditions of pH 11, an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/L, a contact time of 60 min, and an optimal temperature of 25 °C. The maximum adsorption capacity under optimal conditions was found to be 38.52 mg/g. Additionally, the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir equation, and the kinetics adhered to the pseudo-second-order model.
JmjC catalysed histone H2a N-methyl arginine demethylation and C4-arginine hydroxylation reveals importance of sequence-reactivity relationships
Authors: Bonnici Joanna , Oueini Razanne , Salah Eidarus , Johansson Catrine , Pires Elisabete , Abboud Martine , Dawber Robert S. , Tumber Anthony , Rabe Patrick , Saraç Hilal , Schofield Christopher J. , Kawamura Akane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependentNε-methyl lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs) regulate eukaryotic transcription. We report studies showing that isolated forms of all human KDM4 and KDM5 JmjC enzymes catalyse demethylation ofN-methylated Arg-3 of histone H2a. Unexpectedly, the results reveal that KDM4E and, less efficiently, KDM4D catalyse C-4 hydroxylation of Arg-20 of H2a on peptides, recombinant H2a, and calf histone extracts, including when the Arg-20 guanidino group isN-methylated. Combined with previous observations, our biochemical results highlight the importance of sequence context in determining the relative efficiencies of lysine and arginine demethylation reactions catalysed by KDM4s and KDM5s. At least in some cases changes in sequence can also enable a different JmjC reaction mode, such as C-4 arginine hydroxylation instead of demethylation. Further work is thus required to define the full scope of JmjC catalysed reactions in cells.
Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies
Authors: Bartashevich Palina , Herbert-Read James E. , Hansen Matthew J. , Dhellemmes Félicie , Domenici Paolo , Krause Jens , Romanczuk Pawel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe collective dynamics of self-organised systems emerge from the decision rules agents use to respond to each other and to external forces. This is evident in groups of animals under attack from predators, where understanding collective escape patterns requires evaluating the risks and rewards associated with particular social rules, prey escape behaviour, and predator attack strategies. Here, we find that the emergence of the ‘fountain effect’, a common collective pattern observed when animal groups evade predators, is the outcome of rules designed to maximise individual survival chances given predator hunting decisions. Using drone-based empirical observations of schooling sardine prey (Sardinops sagax caerulea) attacked by striped marlin (Kajikia audax), we first find the majority of attacks produce fountain effects, with the dynamics of these escapes dependent on the predator’s attack direction. Then, using a spatially-explicit agent-based model of predator-prey dynamics, we show that fountain manoeuvres can emerge from combining an optimal individual prey escape angle with social interactions. The escape rule appears to prioritise maximising the distance to the predator and creates conflict in the effectiveness of predators’ attacks and the prey’s avoidance, explaining the empirically observed predators’ attack strategies and the fountain evasions produced by prey. Overall, we identify the proximate and ultimate explanations for fountain effects and more generally highlight that the collective patterns of self-organised predatory-prey systems can be understood by considering both social escape rules and attack strategies.
Genome assembly of wisent (Bison bonasus) uncovers a deletion that likely inactivates the THRSP gene
Authors: Bortoluzzi Chiara , Mapel Xena Marie , Neuenschwander Stefan , Janett Fredi , Pausch Hubert , Leonard Alexander S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe wisent (Bison bonasus) is Europe’s largest land mammal. We produced a HiFi read-based wisent assembly with a contig N50 value of 91 Mb containing 99.7% of the highly conserved single copy mammalian genes which improves contiguity a thousand-fold over an existing assembly. Extended runs of homozygosity in the wisent genome compromised the separation of the HiFi reads into parental-specific read sets, which resulted in inferior haplotype assemblies. A bovine super-pangenome built with assemblies from wisent, bison, gaur, yak, taurine and indicine cattle identified a 1580 bp deletion removing the protein-coding sequence of THRSP encoding thyroid hormone-responsive protein from the wisent and bison genomes. Analysis of 725 sequenced samples across the Bovinae subfamily showed that the deletion is fixed in both Bison species but absent in Bos and Bubalus. The THRSP transcript is abundant in adipose, fat, liver, muscle, and mammary gland tissue of Bos and Bubalus, but absent in bison. This indicates that the deletion likely inactivates THRSP in bison. We show that super-pangenomes can reveal potentially trait-associated variation across phylogenies, but also demonstrate that haplotype assemblies from species that went through population bottlenecks warrant scrutiny, as they may have accumulated long runs of homozygosity that complicate phasing.
Polar ice sheets are decisive contributors to uncertainty in climate tipping projections
Authors: Rosser Jonathan P. , Winkelmann Ricarda , Wunderling Nico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Earth’s climate is a complex system including key components such as the Arctic Summer Sea Ice and the El Niño Southern Oscillation alongside climate tipping elements including polar ice sheets, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and the Amazon rainforest. Crossing thresholds of these elements can lead to a qualitatively different climate state, endangering human societies. The cryosphere elements are vulnerable at current levels of global warming (1.3  °C) while also having long response times and large uncertainties. We assess the impact of interacting Earth system components on tipping risks using an established conceptual network model of these components. Polar ice sheets (Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets) are most decisive for tipping likelihoods and cascading effects within our model. At a global warming level of 1.5  °C, neglecting the polar ice sheets can alter the expected number of tipped elements by more than a factor of 2. This is concerning as overshooting 1.5  °C of global warming is becoming inevitable, while current state-of-the-art IPCC-type models do not (yet) include dynamic ice sheets. Our results suggest that polar ice sheets are critical to improving understanding of tipping risks and cascading effects. Therefore, improved observations and integrated model development are crucial.
The radiative torque spin-up efficiency of ballistic dust-grain aggregates
Authors: Jäger Jonathan A. , Reissl Stefan , Klessen Ralf S. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. It is quintessential for the analysis of the observed dust polarization signal to understand the rotational dynamics of interstellar dust grains. Additionally, high rotation velocities may rotationally disrupt the grains, which impacts the grain-size distribution. We aim to constrain the set of parameters for an accurate description of the rotational spin-up process of ballistic dust grain aggregates driven by radiative torques (RATs).
Methods. We modeled the dust grains as complex fractal aggregates grown by the ballistic aggregation of uniform spherical particles (monomers) of different sizes. A broad variation of dust materials, shapes, and sizes were studied in the presence of different radiation sources.
Results. We find that the canonical parameterization for the torque efficiency overestimates the maximum angular velocity ωRAT caused by RATs acting on ballistic grain aggregates. To resolve this problem, we propose a new parameterization that predicts ωRAT more accurately. We find that RATs are most efficient for larger grains with a lower monomer density. This manifests itself as a size- and monomer-density dependence in the constant part of the parameterization. Following the constant part, the parameterization has two power laws with different slopes that retain universality for all grain sizes. The maximum grain rotation does not scale linearly with radiation strength because different drag mechanisms dominate, depending on the grain material and environment. The angular velocity ωRAT of individual single dust grains has a wide distribution and may even differ from the mean by up to two orders of magnitude. Even though ballistic aggregates have a lower RAT efficiency, strong sources of radiation (stronger than ≈100 times the typical interstellar radiation field) may still produce rotation velocities high enough to cause the rotational disruption of dust grains.
The COBREX archival survey: Improved constraints on the occurrence rate of wide-orbit substellar companions
Authors: Squicciarini V. , Mazoyer J. , Lagrange A.-M. , Chomez A. , Delorme P. , Flasseur O. , Kiefer F. , Bergeon S. , Albert D. , Meunier N. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Direct imaging (DI) campaigns are uniquely suited to probing the outer regions around young stars in pursuit of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions, providing key complementary information to radial velocity (RV) and transit searches for demographic studies. However, the critical 5–20 au region, where most giant planets are thought to form, remains poorly explored, as it lies between current RV and DI capabilities.
Aims. Significant gains in detection performances can be attained at no instrumental cost by means of advanced post-processing techniques. In the context of the COBREX project, we have assembled the largest collection of archival DI observations to date with the aim of undertaking a large and uniform reanalysis. In particular, this paper details the reanalysis of 400 stars from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) operated at GPI@Gemini South.
Methods. Following the prereduction of raw frames, the GPI data cubes were processed by means of the PACO algorithm. Candidates were identified and vetted based on multi-epoch proper motion analysis (whenever possible) and by means of a suitable color-magnitude diagram. The conversion of detection limits into detectability maps allowed us to estimate the unbiased occurrence frequencies of giant planets and brown dwarfs.
Results. We derived deeper detection limits than those reported in the literature, with up to a two-fold gain in minimum detectable mass, compared to previous GPI-based publications. Although no new substellar companion was confirmed, we identified two interesting planet candidates awaiting follow-up observations. We derived an occurrence rate of 1.7−0.7+0.9% for 5 MJup < m < 13 MJup planets in 10 au < a < 100 au. This rises to 2.2−0.8+1.0% when including substellar objects up to 80 MJup. Our results are in line with the literature, but with lower uncertainties, thanks to the enhanced detection sensitivity. We confirm, as hinted at by previous studies, a more frequent occurrence of giant planets around BA hosts compared to FGK stars. Moreover, we tentatively observe a smaller occurrence of brown dwarf companions around BA stars, although larger samples are needed to shed light on this point.
Conclusions. While awaiting the wealth of data anticipated from future instrument and facilities, valuable information can still be extracted from existing data. In this regard, a complete reanalysis of SPHERE and GPI data is expected to provide the most precise demographic constraints ever provided by direct imaging.
Osteoporotische Indikatorfraktur: Die distale
Radiusfraktur
Authors: Oezel Lisa , Thelen Simon , Maus Uwe 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDistale Radiusfrakturen stellen die häufigsten Frakturen des Menschen dar. Bei
älteren Patienten sind sie häufig, und die Inzidenz nimmt mit dem
demographischen Wandel der Bevölkerung weiter zu. Als Indikatorfraktur für
Osteoporose, kommt der distalen Radiusfraktur eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben
einer adäquaten Therapie der Fraktur, welche individuell an die
Frakturmorphologie und Patientenbedürfnisse angepasst werden sollte und operativ
oder konservativ erfolgen kann, ist zur Vermeidung weiterer
Osteoporose-assoziierter Frakturen die Einleitung einer Osteoporose- Therapie
und Diagnostik unabdingbar. Ziel der Behandlung ist es, eine schmerzfreie
Extremität mit guter Funktion wiederherzustellen und zu erhalten. Bei der
Entscheidung für einen chirurgischen Eingriff sollten die Knochenqualität und
die funktionelle Aktivität des Patienten besonders berücksichtigt werden. Wenn
eine chirurgische Intervention angebracht ist, wird in der Regel eine
winkelstabile palmare Plattenosteosynthese eingesetzt. Die chirurgische
Behandlung verbessert oftmals die Frakturstellung und damit die radiologischen
Parameter, führt jedoch nicht unbedingt zu besseren klinischen Ergebnissen.
Daher sollte sich bei der Behandlung distaler Radiusfrakturen des älteren
Menschen individuell und mit Sorgfalt für ein Behandlungsregime entschieden
werden.