bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI In Higher Education: Risks and Opportunities From the Academician Perspective
Authors: Doğan Miray , Celik Arda , Arslan Hasan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) influences higher education, specifically exploring the perspectives of academicians regarding associated risks and opportunities. The study is aimed at the implementation of AI within university settings and its impact on both educators and students. Given the swift integration of AI, notably the widespread adoption of generative AI in higher education, the article emphasises AI's ability to collect detailed data, providing a deeper understanding of academicians' learning experiences. This, in turn, enables personalised support, allowing academicians to respond more effectively to students' needs and improve the overall educational process. Moreover, the research highlights AI's potential to proactively identify students at risk of failure, offering academicians a comprehensive view for more effective assessment. On the other hand, these advantages and the growing dependence on technology pose challenges, including reduced interaction between academicians and students, shifts in workforce dynamics, concerns about student privacy and disparities in technology access. Acknowledging these issues, the study underscores the importance of preparing academicians and students for the evolving landscape of higher education shaped by AI. It stresses the need for proactive measures to navigate these changes effectively, as they are inevitable. The findings of this study are significant for the field of higher education, as they provide a clear and critical assessment of AI's transformative potential and advocate for proactive measures to navigate the changes effectively.
Enhancing Competence for a Sustainable Future: Integrating Artificial Intelligence–Supported Educational Technologies in Pre‐Service Teacher Training for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kayaalp Fatih , Durnali Mehmet , Gökbulut Bayram 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the mounting urgency to achieve a sustainable future, it is of paramount importance to provide pre‐service teachers with a robust understanding of de facto. The present study investigated the potential of ChatGPT‐supported educational technologies to enhance the understanding of sustainable development among 20 pre‐service teachers at a university during the 2023–2024 academic year. Over a period of 14 weeks of intervention, participants employed ChatGPT and Web 2.0 tools (Pixton) to create digital comic stories focused on sustainable development goals. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed‐method design, utilising evaluation forms, semi‐structured interviews, inferential statistics and content analysis. The results revealed significant improvements in sustainability perspectives, awareness and knowledge, despite concerns about productivity, originality and ethical issues.
Personalizing Assessment: Dream or Nightmare?
Authors: Bennett Randy E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver our field's 100‐year‐plus history, standardization has been a central assumption in test theory and practice. The concept's justification turns on leveling the playing field by presenting all examinees with putatively equivalent experiences. Until relatively recently, our field has accepted that justification almost without question. In this article, I present a case for standardization's antithesis, personalization. Interestingly, personalized assessment has important precedents within the measurement community. As intriguing are some of the divergent ways in which personalization might be realized in practice. Those ways, however, suggest a host of serious issues. Despite those issues, both moral obligation and survival imperative counsel persistence in trying to personalize assessment.
Monetary policy transmission and trade‐offs in the United States: Old and new
Authors: Hofmann Boris , Peersman Gert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study shows that monetary policy transmission in the United States has evolved considerably over the postwar period. Since the mid‐1980s, the effects of monetary policy on credit and housing markets have become much stronger relative to the impact on gross domestic product, while the effects on inflation have become weaker. We show that these changes in the relative effects of monetary policy can be explained by several important changes in the monetary transmission mechanism and in the composition of credit aggregates. Most notably, the increasing impact of monetary policy on credit was predominantly driven by an extraordinarily higher responsiveness of mortgage credit and a larger share of mortgages in total credit. These findings imply important changes over time in short‐term monetary policy trade‐offs between inflation and output stability on the one hand and between financial and macroeconomic stability on the other.
Impact of Angiographically Detected Residual Trabeculation After Left Atrial Appendage Closure Using the WATCHMAN Device: Insight From the OCEAN‐LAAC Registry
Authors: Chatani Ryuki , Kubo Shunsuke , Nishiura Naoki , Mushiake Kazunori , Ono Sachiyo , Maruo Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige , Sago Mitsuru , Tanaka Shuhei , Asami Masahiko , Hachinohe Daisuke , Naganuma Toru , Ohno Yohei , Tani Tomoyuki , Okamatsu Hideharu , Mizutani Kazuki , Watanabe Yusuke , Izumo Masaki , Saji Mike , Mizuno Shingo , Ueno Hiroshi , Shirai Shinichi , Nakashima Masaki , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro ,   OCEAN‐LAAC investigators
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch on the impact of angiographically detected residual trabeculation after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is limited.ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical implications of angiographically detected residual trabeculation after LAAC using the WATCHMAN device.MethodsWe analyzed 1350 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing LAAC using the WATCHMAN device from the OCEAN‐LAAC registry, which is a prospective ongoing, multicenter Japanese registry. The inclusion criteria comprised patients who successfully underwent LAAC and whose presence or absence of residual trabeculation can be confirmed using a contrast medium. The clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without angiographically detected residual trabeculation.ResultsResidual trabeculation was angiographically detected in 5.6% (75/1350 patients). At the procedure, the proportion of peri‐device leak (PDL) was significantly higher in the residual trabeculation group than in the non‐residual trabeculation group (20% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001). However, the PDL and device‐related thrombosis at 45 days and 1 year were comparable between the two groups (37% vs. 23%, p = 0.24; 28% vs. 31%, p = 0.84; 2.1% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.50; 6.9% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.69, respectively). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke, all cardiovascular death, and all‐cause death were comparable between the two groups (5.7% vs. 5.5%, log‐rank p = 0.96; 7.7% vs. 8.9%, log‐rank p = 0.34, 31.4% vs. 22.3%, log‐rank p = 0.71, respectively).ConclusionThe angiographically detected residual trabeculation rate was 5.6%, and this population had a significantly higher prevalence of PDL at the procedure. However, the presence of residual trabeculation did not contribute to PDL or device‐related thrombosis at follow‐up or affect the clinical outcomes.
The impact of N‐acetylcysteine on lactate, biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle damage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sadowski Marcin , Zawieja Emilia , Chmurzynska Agata 
Published: December 2024

AbstractN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is a compound whose mechanism of action is intricately linked to the provision of cysteine for glutathione synthesis. It has been used in medicine and has also made significant inroads into sports, as it can modify the levels of several biomarkers, including those of oxidative processes, inflammation and muscle damage after exercise. Because the effectiveness of NAC supplementation is unclear, the primary objective of the present study was to perform a meta‐analysis elucidating how NAC supplementation alters the concentrations of GSH (glutathione), GSSG (glutathione disulfide), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), IL‐6 (interleukin 6), TNF‐α (tumour necrosis factor alpha), CK (creatine kinase), lactate, and muscle soreness after physical exertion. Suitable studies were searched for from February to September 2023, and the results of those included (n = 20) indicate that NAC supplementation significantly diminishes both muscle soreness (p = 0.03; the mean difference (MD) of NAC's effect was −0.43 with a 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.81, −0.04) and lactate concentrations after exercise (p = 0.03; the MD −0.56 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.07, −0.06). A substantial decrease was observed in concentrations of IL‐6 (p = 0.03; the standardized MD (SMD) was −1.71; 95% CI, −3.26, −0.16) and TBARS (p = 0.02; SMD was −1.03, 95% CI, −1.90, −0.15). Furthermore, an elevation in GSH concentration was observed following supplementation. However, we saw no significant effect of NAC on TNF‐α, CK or GSSG concentrations. NAC supplementation holds promise for attenuating muscle soreness, lactate, TBARS and IL‐6 concentrations and increasing GSH level following physical exertion.
Cytoplasmic Aggregates of Splicing Factor Proline‐Glutamine Rich Disrupt Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and Induce Persistent Stress Granules
Authors: Huang Zicong , Zhang Hanbin , Huang Chuyu , Yi Runduan , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Ma Ke , Huang Wei , Wu Qingqing , Zhuang Yuge , Liu Jinsheng , Liu Wenyuan , Guo Yunhui , Kang Xiangjin , Hu Xiao , Bai Xiaochun , Chen Zhenguo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSplicing factor proline‐glutamine rich (SFPQ), a multifunctional RNA‐binding protein (RBP), shows cytoplasmic colocalisation with stress granule (SG) markers; however, the causative relationship and mechanism underlying this coalescence of SFPQ aggregates and SGs remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SFPQ lacking its nuclear localisation sequence spontaneously forms cytoplasmic aggregates that abnormally incorporate immature RNA and induce persistent SGs. mRNA profiling showed that SFPQ mislocalisation induced extensive changes in RNA processing, with a subset of alternatively spliced transcripts associated with nucleocytoplasmic transport. Notably, these altered transporters were sequestered into SFPQ aggregates, constituting aberrant protein‐RNA complexes. Importantly, suppression of SG nucleation could not block cytoplasmic SFPQ aggregation with immature RNA and nucleocytoplasmic transporters, both of which, however, were moderately ameliorated by the inhibition of alternative splicing or nuclear export. Our results unveil the physiopathological role and mechanism for mislocalised SFPQ in the RNA metabolism, nucleocytoplasmic transport and pathological SGs.
Youth involvement in policy processes in public health, education, and social work—A scoping review
Authors: Flodgren Gerd , Helleve Arnfinn , Selstø Annlaug , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Blanchard Laurence , Rutter Harry , Klepp Knut‐Inge 
Published: December 2024

SummaryIntroductionYouth involvement in policy formulation may enhance its relevance, strengthen democratic practices, and contribute to youth development. This scoping review explored the nature, extent, and impact of adolescent involvement in policy processes aimed at improving adolescent health and well‐being in the public health, education, and social work sectors.MethodsStudies of adolescent involvement in policy processes focusing on health, and well‐being, including obesity prevention were eligible. We searched seven databases, reference lists of included studies, and contacted key organizations. Standard scoping review methods were applied. The results were synthesized narratively, using descriptive statistics and visuals.ResultsWe included 33 mostly qualitative studies, mainly from the public health sector in the USA and Europe, focusing on diet, physical activity, health & well‐being, or sexual and reproductive health. Adolescents were consulted or collaborated with, mostly in identifying problems or policy solutions and less often in agenda‐setting, decision‐making, and evaluation. Various facilitators were used to improve participation (e.g. training, adult facilitators, monetary compensation). Data on adolescents' experiences of involvement and the impact on policies were limited.ConclusionDue to a paucity of impact studies, we could not determine whether adolescent involvement increased the relevance of policies or improved adolescent development. The extent to which adolescents were meaningfully involved, and had a material effect on decision‐making, was largely unclear. Improved documentation, monitoring, and evaluation of youth involvement in policy using quantitative methods and standardized frameworks, can improve the evidence‐based, involvement practices, and decrease inequities.
Exploring the role of social openness for pro‐diversity attitudes in urban and rural places
Authors: Hummler Teresa , Ziller Conrad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeighborhoods are important spaces where people participate in social interactions, and existing research has demonstrated that the social and physical environment plays a pivotal role in shaping residents' social and political attitudes. This study investigates the influence of social openness in neighborhoods, defined as residents' perceptions of their co‐residents being open to change, on attitudes toward diversity. Building on existing research on rural–urban differences in socio‐political attitudes, we hypothesize that the link between social openness and pro‐diversity attitudes differs between rural and urban areas. Specifically, we argue that individuals who live in densely populated areas are more frequently exposed to cues of social openness compared to those who live in areas with low population density (even if the average social openness is equal for both). The study leverages data from two large‐N geocoded surveys in Germany to create contextual measures of social openness and assesses their relationship with pro‐diversity attitudes. Empirical results from multilevel models show that social openness is positively related to pro‐diversity attitudes but only in densely populated areas. Our results have important implications for place‐based approaches to immigrant integration and social cohesion more generally.
Cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis in children and adolescents in the Community of Madrid, 2015–2018
Authors: López‐González Raquel , Parra‐Blázquez David , Moñino Daniel , Pino‐Rosón Candela , Pollán Marina , Aragonés Nuria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer is the leading cause of death in children aged 1–14 and the second in 15‐19‐year‐old adolescents in Spain. The Paediatric Population‐Based Cancer Registry of the Community of Madrid was created to monitor its incidence and survival.ObjectivesThis study presents the incidence of childhood and adolescent cancer (0–19 years) in Madrid at a population level by sex, age group, type of tumour and stage at diagnosis.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of the total number of cases registered in the Paediatric Population‐Based Cancer Registry of the Community of Madrid. The registry employs passive and active case finding: by cross‐referencing hospital discharge data, primary healthcare data, mortality data and administrative information; and by validation of all potential incident cases through a review of electronic medical charts. All new diagnoses of malignant neoplasms, non‐malignant neoplasms of the Central Nervous System, and uncertain and in situ neoplasms of the bladder, identified in 2015–2018 in individuals under age 20 residing in Madrid, were included. Patient information was collected along with tumour characteristics, including stage at diagnosis according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines. Age‐specific and age‐standardised incidence rates were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 1002 tumours were registered in 5,269,524 person‐years, yielding an age‐standardised rate of 192.7 (95% CI 184.3, 201.4) cases per million person‐years. Male/female rate ratio was 1.1. The most common cancers across all ages comprised CNS tumours, leukaemias and lymphomas (primarily Hodgkin): 45.5 (95% CI 39.9, 51.7), 41.1 (95% CI 35.7, 47.1) and 35.8 (95% CI 30.9, 41.3) cases per million person‐years, respectively. The proportion of metastatic tumours at diagnosis was similar for ages 0–14 (18.6%) and 15–19 (18.7%).ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of childhood and adolescent cancer incidence in Madrid. The registry provides high‐quality data and consolidates epidemiological surveillance of cancer in the region.
Long‐term effects of lime and phosphorus application on soil extractable (Olsen) phosphorus differ between two arable UK soils
Authors: Holland J. E. , White R. , Haefele S. M. , Goulding K. W. T. , McGrath S. P. , Glendining M. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiming induces several positive effects on soil processes, although the specific nature of these impacts is variable for some soil properties such as extractable soil phosphorus. The aim of this study was to analyse the long‐term effect of liming on soil extractable phosphorus (Olsen P) concentrations, together with the corresponding effects on soil pH and P uptake by different crops. The soil and crop data were collected from two long‐term experiment sites at Rothamsted Research with contrasting soil texture (Rothamsted and Woburn). Liming had significant effects on Olsen P on a silty loam soil at Rothamsted and a sandy loam soil at Woburn. At both sites where no P was applied the highest Olsen P value was in the lime control treatment (no lime) which was significantly greater than all of the liming treatments. Between 1968 and 1994 temporal changes in Olsen P were not affected by liming. The P removal in the grain showed significant differences in responses between crop species which indicates differences in the availability of P to a specific plant and the efficiency of P used by each crop accordingly. The contrasting results in this study indicate that liming can lead to differences in soil P availability, because of its effect on soil pH; also this effect can be partly explained by the differences in soil texture at each site. The amount of plant available P cannot be determined from Olsen P data only, and the P removal in grain should be taken into account in order to thoroughly evaluate P status of arable crops.
Biosolids' legacy benefits persist even 7 years after the application in a dryland wheat‐fallow cropping system
Authors: Singh Surendra , Singh Shikha , Schillinger William F. , Griffin‐LaHue Deirdre , Neely Haly 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApplication of biosolids can be beneficial for low carbon (C) and erosion‐prone soils of the dryland region of inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW). Biosolids have been proven to improve wheat yields and soil health in the iPNW. Although direct agronomic and environmental influences of biosolids with frequent applications have been extensively studied, research‐based information on persistence and long‐term residual or ‘legacy’ effects of biosolids applications have only rarely been reported. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the longevity of the impacts of biosolids 7 years after the last application. The study included tillage (tandem disk vs. undercutter tillage) as the main‐plot factor and fertilizer type (biosolids vs. synthetic N + S) as the subplot factor in a split‐block experimental design. Biosolids were applied at the rate of 6.5 mt/ha (on dry weight basis to meet N requirements for two wheat crops) in 2012 and 2016. Soil samples were collected from the 0–10 cm depth in 2023 and analysed for an array of soil properties. Results showed that 7 years after the last application of biosolids, compared to the synthetic fertilizer plots, the biosolids plots had increased total C, total N, extractable P, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu and decreased soil pH, Mg, and Ca. Grain protein, soil EC, NO3−N, NH4−N, Na and B were not affected by fertilizer type. Conservation undercutter tillage showed increased soil K, Mg, OM, Zn, TN, and TC compared to traditional disk tillage. In addition, biosolids legacy showed 42% higher grain yield, 47% greater straw production, and increases in most grain yield components but 8% lower 1000‐grain weight compared to synthetic fertilizer treatments. Overall, biosolids showed improved nutrient availability, wheat grain yield, and grain yield components in a dryland region 7 years after the last application. Our data show that periodic application of biosolids improves soil health and increases grain yield in dryland wheat systems.
The Novel HLA Allele, HLA‐A*02:889, Identified by Sequence‐Based Typing in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Xia Jiaan , Li Wangxia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*02:889 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide exchange at position 506(C>G) with an amino exchange.
Mapping the Unseen: Integrating Hiking Activities Into Spatially Explicit Cultural Ecosystem Service Assessment Through Agent‐Based Modeling
Authors: Choi Moongi , Jo Jang‐Hwan , Kim Hyeon Jung , Ji Sanghoon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a trail‐based framework for assessing spatially explicit cultural ecosystem services (ES) at a microscale, focusing on individual trail experiences within a mountain range. By integrating agent‐based modeling with hiking data, we simulate and quantify the consumption of cultural ES by individuals on various trails, considering factors such as seasonal variations. Our approach contrasts with traditional map‐based methods by emphasizing the dynamic, activity‐based assessment of cultural ES supply and demand. The findings reveal significant spatial mismatches between the potential cultural ES provided by trails and their potential consumption by hiking, highlighting the importance of localized, trail‐specific evaluations. The study's implications extend to environmental policy and management, where understanding these mismatches can guide targeted conservation and development efforts. While this study presents a contribution, we acknowledge limitations related to the geographic focus and dataset scope, suggesting that future research should incorporate more diverse data sources and expand the geographic range. This could enable more accurate simulations and assessments, particularly in data‐scarce regions. Ultimately, this trail‐based approach enhances the precision of cultural ES evaluation and offers valuable tools for policymakers and environmental managers to align conservation efforts with actual human activities.