bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper limb surgery for severe spasticity after acquired brain injury improves ease of care
Authors: Gschwind Claudia R. , Yeomans Jayne L. , Smith Belinda J. 
Published: August 2019

For individuals with acquired brain injury and severe upper limb spasticity, personal care is often difficult, time-consuming and painful. Previous studies on outcomes after surgery for upper limb spasticity have focused on functional gain, pain, hygiene and appearance. We operated on 38 non-communicative patients (45 limbs, 535 procedures) with severe spasticity and a non-functional upper limb(s). The surgical goals were to provide opening of the fingers and thumb, wrist stability and, if required, to release muscles around the elbow and shoulder. We used the Carer Burden Score as a relevant outcome measure. Preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, the carer rated the degree of difficulty in cleaning the palm, cutting the fingernails, cleaning the axilla and dressing the upper body on a 5-point Likert scale. Surgery significantly improved the ease of care, which has implications not only for the patient but also for carers and associated health costs. Level of evidence: IV
Clinical thresholds of symptoms for deciding on surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis
Authors: Marks Miriam , Grobet Cécile , Audigé Laurent , Herren Daniel B. 
Published: August 2019

The severity of preoperative symptoms at which patients are likely to achieve a minimal important change and patient acceptable symptom state after surgery may help the decision to perform surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. The study objective was to define these thresholds for pain at rest and during activities as well as for the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. One hundred and fifty-one patients were examined before surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The minimal important change after surgery was 1.9, 3.9 and 16 scores for pain at rest, pain during activities and the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, respectively. The respective patient acceptable symptom state values were 1.5, 2.5 and 70 after surgery. Our results show that patients with baseline pain values between 3.5 and 5.5 at rest, between 6.5 and 7.5 during activities and a presurgery brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score of about 47, have the greatest chance of achieving a relevant symptom change and an acceptable symptom state. The information from this study may help surgeons in deciding the surgical indications and help patients in their expectation in symptom relief after surgery. Level of evidence: IV
Implant Retention or Removal for Management of Surgical Site Infection After Spinal Surgery
Authors: Agarwal Aakash , Kelkar Amey , Agarwal Ashish G. , Jayaswal Daksh , Schultz Christian , Jayaswal Arvind , Goel Vijay K. , Agarwal Anand K. , Gidvani Sandeep 
Published: August 2019

Study Design: A literature review. Objective: To summarize the implant removal rate, common bacterial organisms found, time of onset, ratio of superficial to deep infection, and regurgitating the prevalence among all the retrospective and prospective studies on management and characterization of surgical site infections (SSIs). Methods: PubMed was searched for articles published between 2000 and 2018 on the management or characterization of SSIs after spinal surgery. Only prospective and retrospective studies were included. Results: A total of 49 articles were found relevant to the objective. These studies highlighted the importance of implant removal to avoid recurrence of SSI. The common organisms detected were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes, with prevalence of 1% to 15%. A major proportion of all were deep SSI, with minority reporting on late-onset SSI. Conclusion: Long-term antibiotics administration, and continuous irrigation and debridement were common suggestion among the authors; however, the key measure undertaken or implied by most authors to avoid risk of recurrence was removal or replacement of implants for late-onset SSI.
Reciprocal relationships between lexical and syntactic skills of children with Developmental Language Disorder and the role of executive functions
Authors: Blom Elma , Boerma Tessel 
Published: August 2019

Background and aims Recent research indicates that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) often also score lower than their peers with typical development (TD) on tasks testing nonverbal executive functioning (EF). This study investigated whether there is evidence that children with DLD use linguistic and EF resources to support their lexical and syntactic development. Three questions were addressed: (1) How do children with DLD develop in the domains of lexicon and syntax, and how does their development compare to TD controls? (2) To what extent do children with DLD show reciprocal relations between lexical and syntactic skills, and how does this compare to TD controls? (3) Is EF ability related to DLD children’s lexical and syntactic skills, and how does this compare to TD controls? Methods Data from 117 children (NDLD = 78; NTD = 39) were collected three times with yearly intervals. At time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Standardized receptive vocabulary and sentence repetition tests measured lexicon and syntax, respectively. Nonverbal EF tasks tested selective attention, interference control and working memory. Cross-lagged analyses were conducted to determine the direction of relationships. Results Both groups showed stable lexical and syntactic growth. In children with DLD, but not in TD controls, syntactic skills predicted lexical skills. In the DLD group, EF predicted lexical skills. Reversely, in the TD group, lexical skills predicted EF. Conclusions The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the lexical development of children with DLD is supported by both their verbal abilities in the domain of syntax and their nonverbal EF abilities. Implications Interventions that improve the syntactic and EF abilities of children with DLD may have spreading effects and positively impact on word learning by children with DLD.
Sex-specific differences and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 2008–2016
Authors: Kjellström Barbro , Nisell Magnus , Kylhammar David , Bartfay Sven-Erik , Ivarsson Bodil , Rådegran Göran , Hjalmarsson Clara 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundWomen with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) have been found to have a worse haemodynamic status at diagnosis, but better survival than men. Over the past decade, demographics have changed and new treatments have become available. The objective of this study was to investigate sex differences in an incident IPAH population diagnosed between 2008 and 2016.MethodsDifferences in clinical characteristics of patients included in the Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Register (SPAHR) were analysed at the time of diagnosis. Survival by sex was investigated using Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsThe study included 271 patients diagnosed with IPAH, median age was 68 (1st–3rd quartiles 54–74) years and 56% were women. At diagnosis, women were younger, had lower pulmonary vascular resistance and fewer comorbidities and more often received a combination of PAH-targeted therapies than men. Men had worse survival rates than women (hazard ratio 1.49; CI 1.02–2.18; p=0.038), but this difference did not remain after adjustment for age (hazard ratio 1.30; CI 0.89–1.90; p=0.178).ConclusionsMen with incident IPAH have worse crude survival than women. This is due to women being younger with a less pronounced comorbidity burden than men at the time of diagnosis.
One-step approach for full-thickness skin defect reconstruction in rats using minced split-thickness skin grafts with Pelnac overlay
Authors: Liu Tong , Qiu Chao , Ben Chi , Li Haihang , Zhu Shihui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Split-thickness skin grafting is the current gold standard for the treatment of traumatic skin loss. However, for patients with extensive burns, split-thickness skin grafting is limited by donor skin availability. Grafting split-thickness skin minced into micrografts increases the expansion ratio but may reduce wound repair quality. Dermal substitutes such as Pelnac can enhance the healing of full-thickness skin wounds, but their application currently requires two surgeries. The present study investigated whether it is possible to repair full-thickness skin defects and improve wound healing quality in a single surgery using Pelnac as an overlay of minced split-thickness skin grafts in a rat model.

Methods
A full-thickness skin defect model was established using male Sprague-Dawley rats of 10 weeks old. The animals were randomly divided into control and experimental groups in which Vaseline gauze and Pelnac, respectively, were overlaid on minced split-thickness skin grafts to repair the defects. Wound healing rate and quality were compared between the two groups. For better illustration of the quality of wound healing, some results were compared with those obtained for normal skin of rats.

Results
We found that using Pelnac as an overlay for minced split-thickness skin grafts accelerated wound closure and stimulated cell proliferation and tissue angiogenesis. In addition, this approach enhanced collagen synthesis and increased the formation of basement membrane and dermis as well as the expression of growth factors related to wound healing while reducing scar formation.

Conclusions
Using minced split-thickness skin grafts overlaid with Pelnac enables the reconstruction of full-thickness skin defects in a single step and can increase the healing rate while improving the quality of wound healing.
“This Dizzy Affair”: Quantum Measurement, Schrödinger's Cat, and Hammett's Falcon
Authors: Harrison Brady 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article explores the so-called quantum measurement problem, or the collapse of a wave function in the act of observation, as a reading and interpretive strategy. In particular, the article argues that the Maltese falcon, if it exists at all, does not exist in Dashiell Hammett's noir version of San Francisco until Sam Spade attempts to find it in a particular place. Further, reading from a quantum perspective suggests that Casper Gutman does not really want to find the jewel-encrusted statuette, or one would have appeared more often. Drawing on the work of Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Henry P. Stapp, and other quantum physicists, the article explores the role that consciousness and acts of observation play in the calling into being of material reality as it is imagined in narrative fiction.
Cdc42 defines apical identity and regulates epithelial morphogenesis by promoting apical recruitment of Par6-aPKC and Crumbs
Authors: Nunes de Almeida Francisca , Walther Rhian F. , Pressé Mary T. , Vlassaks Evi , Pichaud Franck 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Cdc42 regulates epithelial morphogenesis together with the Par complex (Baz/Par3-Par6-aPKC), Crumbs (Crb/CRB3) and Stardust (Sdt/PALS1). However, how these proteins work together and interact during epithelial morphogenesis is not well understood. To address this issue, we used the genetically amenable Drosophila pupal photoreceptor and follicular epithelium. We show that during epithelial morphogenesis active Cdc42 accumulates at the developing apical membrane and cell-cell contacts, independently of the Par complex and Crb. However, membrane localization of Baz, Par6-aPKC and Crb all depend on Cdc42. We find that although binding of Cdc42 to Par6 is not essential for the recruitment of Par6 and aPKC to the membrane, it is required for their apical localization and accumulation, which we find also depends on Par6 retention by Crb. In the pupal photoreceptor, membrane recruitment of Par6-aPKC also depends on Baz. Our work shows that Cdc42 is required for this recruitment and suggests that this factor promotes the handover of Par6-aPKC from Baz onto Crb. Altogether, we propose that Cdc42 drives morphogenesis by conferring apical identity, Par-complex assembly and apical accumulation of Crb.
Improving palliative care with machine learning and routine data: a rapid review
Authors: Storick Virginia , O’Herlihy Aoife , Abdelhafeez Sarah , Ahmed Rakesh , May Peter 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Improving palliative care is a priority worldwide as this population experiences poor outcomes and accounts disproportionately for costs. In clinical practice, physician judgement is the core method of identifying palliative care needs but has important limitations. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence advancing capacity to identify patterns and make predictions using large datasets. ML has the potential to improve clinical decision-making and policy design, but there has been no systematic assembly of current evidence. Methods: We conducted a rapid review, searching systematically seven databases from inception to December 31st, 2018: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, WOS, SCOPUS and ECONLIT. We included peer-reviewed studies that used ML approaches on routine data to improve palliative care for adults. Our specified outcomes were survival, quality of life (QoL), place of death, costs, and receipt of high-intensity treatment near end of life. We did not search grey literature. Results: The database search identified 426 citations. We discarded 162 duplicates and screened 264 unique title/abstracts, of which 22 were forwarded for full text review. Three papers were included, 18 papers were excluded and one full text was sought but unobtainable. One paper predicted six-month mortality, one paper predicted 12-month mortality and one paper cross-referenced predicted 12-month mortality with healthcare spending. ML-informed models outperformed logistic regression in predicting mortality where data inputs were relatively strong, but those using only basic administrative data had limited benefit from ML. Identifying poor prognosis does not appear effective in tackling high costs associated with serious illness. Conclusion: While ML can in principle help to identify those at risk of adverse outcomes and inappropriate treatment, applications to policy and practice are formative. Future research must not only expand scope to other outcomes and longer timeframes, but also engage with individual preferences and ethical challenges.
Effects of a Tournament Incentive Plan Incorporating Managerial Discretion in a Geographically Dispersed Organization
Authors: Deller Carolyn , Sandino Tatiana 
Published: August 2019

Using retail chain data, we study the effects of a tournament incentive plan based primarily on objective performance, but incorporating managerial discretion in the selection of winners. In principle, such plans could motivate employees to perform both at a high level, based on objective criteria, and in accordance with company values, considered via managerial discretion. However, such plans could be counterproductive if enough participants (especially those who do not win) perceive that subjectivity (introduced via discretion) adds unfairness. We show that, on average, the tournament incentive plan was associated with improved store sales. We also find that such plans can be more beneficial for geographically distant participants, where the potential for improving alignment is greater. Lastly, we find some evidence that participants’ resource constraints (potentially affecting unfairness concerns) can impact outcomes under the plan. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
The pro-active shift in age management: Evidence from Dutch companies 2009-2017
Authors: Turek Konrad , Henkens Kène , Oude Mulders Jaap 
Published: August 2019

Evidence suggests that organizations in different countries were more likely to send their older staff to early retirement than to retain them. However, ageing and shrinking labour markets force organizations to adjust their policies and practices to avoid staff shortages and improve firms competitiveness. Some more recent studies show that employers are moving away from early exit, instead showing increasing support for longer working lives. Still, a large-scale and longitudinal perspective on how organisations have reacted to the demographic challenges is missing in the literature.
In this study, we aim to fill this gap in the literature by answering two research questions. First, we ask how organisations approach older workers. Second, we study whether those organisational approaches changed over time. Data come from two comparative surveys of employers: 2009 (n=1,077) and 2017 (n=1,358) representative for the Netherlands. We use a three-step group-comparison latent class analysis (LCA) combined with multinomial logistic model (MNL), with multiple imputation of missing values.
We found four approaches to age management in Dutch companies, namely those focused on different measures aimed at retention and stimulation of work (Active), exit practices (Exit), diverse set of active and exit practices (All) and a cluster of organisation with no specific practices towards older workers (None). Between 2009 and 2017 the popularity of active policy largely increased, while exit-oriented policies and passive strategies reduced. The largest pro-active shift occurred in small organisations, firms with a high share of older employees, and knowledge-intensive companies.
SYARAT PARTAI POLITIK PESERTA PEMILIHAN UMUM YANG INKONSTITUSIONAL
Authors: Sinaga Budiman N. P. D. , Sinaga Sahat H. M. T. 
Published: August 2019

Keberadaan Partai Politik diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Hal ini antara lain dapat diketahui dari pasal-pasal yang berkaitan dengan pemilihan umum. Pengaturan tentang Partai Politik tidak mungkin dilakukan secara lengkap dalam Undang-Undang Dasar sehingga perlu diatur lebih lanjut dalam peraturan perundang-undangan lain terutama dalam Undang-Undang.Materi muatan Undang-Undang tidak boleh bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar. Akan tetapi, kenyataannya masih ditemukan materi muatan Undang-Undang yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar. Undang-Undang yang mengandung materi muatan yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar dapat diujidi Mahkamah Konstitusi namun dapat mengurangi kepastian hukum.Para pembentuk Undang-Undang tidak boleh memuat materi muatan yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar dan Pancasila dalam Undang-Undang. Selain itu, para pembentuk Undang-Undang juga tidak boleh membuat Undang-Undang yang bertentangan dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kehidupan kenegaraan melalui Partai Politik tidak boleh dihilangkan melalui Undang-Undang atau peraturan perundang-undangan lain.
Post-socialist Myanmar and the East Asian Development Model
Authors: Bolesta Andrzej 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMyanmar has been undergoing a process of post-socialist systemic transformation. During the reform period, its authorities used policy and institutional solutions of the East Asian development model in its post-socialist version, creating foundations for the post-socialist developmental state (PSDS).The concept of the PSDS combines features of a developmental state (DS) and systemic transformation from central planning to market. A developmental state (DS) is considered to be an ideological and conceptual basis for the state’s economic policy and institutional and systemic arrangements that resulted in spectacular developmental achievements of some of the East Asian economies in the second half of the 20thcentury. Post-socialist transformation is considered the most multi-layered and complicated process of systemic reformulation, which took place at the end of the 20thand the beginning of 21stcenturies.The article describes the process of building a PSDS in Myanmar. In economic policy, the authorities have focused on the industrialisation through the development of an export production base. Nevertheless, access to the internal market has often been restricted for foreign entities. Planning through a state planning agency remains a key tool in the formulation of a development strategy. In addition, systemic reforms have been gradual rather than radical (a shock therapy).
How are Creative Abilities Related to Meta-Learning Competences?
Authors: Kunat Beata , Uszyńska-Jarmoc Janina , Żak-Skalimowska Monika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis correlational study explored the relationship between creative abilities and selected meta-learning competences. The study was conducted among 250 first-year undergraduate and graduate students who solved theTest for Creative Thinking – Drawing Productionand filled in theMy Learning Questionnaire. The results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between students’ awareness of their own learning and their creative abilities as well as a positive link between creative abilities and level of knowledge about human learning. These relationships were not moderated by the level of studies – the links among undergraduate and graduate students were similar in the case of self-awareness of learning and knowledge about learning.
Coping strategies for oral health problems by people with schizophrenia
Authors: Paredes Francesca Siu , Rude Nathalie , Moussa-Badran Sahar , Pelletier Jean-François , Rat Corinne , Denis Frederic 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPersons with schizophrenia are particularity susceptible to poor oral health. Symptoms of schizophrenia often affect oral health behaviors and lifestyle. The aim was to explore coping strategies used by people with schizophrenia in oral health in order to understand and to best involve them in the management of their own oral health in daily life.Materials and methodsThis is systematic review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. We included cross-sectional and longitudinal quantitative and qualitative studies that 1) examined coping strategies regarding oral health in persons with schizophrenia or 2) examined coping strategies were used in dental care. We included studies conducted with at least one PWS aged 18 years old more and without restriction on sex, socioeconomic status, or language.ResultsThe 8 studies included suggest that coping strategies depends on complex translation processes that can be either personal (e.g., psychological symptomatology, neuropsychological functioning to adversely affect hope, self-esteem, self-stigma, self-determination, sense of coherence, and resilience) and/or environmental factors (e.g., peer support and efficacy of rehabilitations programs). We further identified that the main factor influencing coping strategies was dental stress situation.ConclusionsThis review suggests that coping strategies play a crucial role in the recovery process for oral health of PWS. Translation processes in oral health should be more explored in the future to clarify the capacity of PWS to cope with essential self-care in oral health on daily life.