bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation characteristics of a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy after long-term thermal exposure
Authors: Huang Ming , Yang Xinye , Liu Weiwei , Li Jiarong , Yang Sen , Qin Yuan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Microstructural stability is of great importance for the application of rhenium-containing nickel-based single-crystal superalloys. The microstructures of single-crystal superalloy DD6, especially the precipitation characteristics before and after thermal exposure, were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and related techniques. Acicular M
6C carbides, rod-like M
6C carbides, and granular μ phases have been observed in the aged alloys, and the orientation relationships of these precipitates have been identified. During the early stage of M
6C precipitation, the carbide maintains a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with the matrix, whereas further growth of the M
6C carbides leads to a twin-related orientation relationship. For the granular μ phases containing a high concentration of Re, no special relationship has been observed. The results of the study will be beneficial for the understanding and improvement of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys.
A NOVA CONTABILIDADE PÚBLICA: INSTRUMENTO DE CONTROLE E ACOMPANHAMENTO DAS AÇÕES E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Moraes Daiane Ribas , GELATTI ROSEMARY , Mirek Zelia Maria , Ribas Alison 
Published: July 2018

<p>Este artigo, busca-se explanar sobre os procedimentos contábeis patrimoniais aplicados nos municípios da Região das Missões com a finalidade de diagnosticar e analisar a implantação dos procedimentos contábeis patrimoniais aplicáveis aos entes da Federação, com vistas à consolidação das contas públicas da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios, sob a mesma base conceitual, conforme estabelece a STN. Inicialmente, foi efetuada uma revisão sobre as principais interpretações a respeito de patrimônio público, de modo especial à questão que envolve os procedimentos contábeis patrimoniais que deverão ser adotados pelos municípios em virtude da adequação as novas normas da contabilidade pública. A pesquisa se classifica como aplicada, quali/quantitativa, descritiva, explicativa, bibliográfica e de levantamento. Conclui-se que os profissionais da contabilidade estão cumprido a agenda firmada com STN e ao demonstrar os procedimentos patrimoniais adotados pelo ente público municipal de forma adequada, esses contribuem para a avaliação de resultados e desempenho no setor público, ideia já consolidada pelos profissionais da contabilidade. </p>
Analisis Kualitas Serbuk Sabut Kelapa sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Papan Partikel
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Alphanoda Abid Fahreza 
Published: July 2018

Kelapa sebagai tanaman yang hidup di daerah tropis, tidak hanya buahnya saja yang dapat dimanfaatkan, tetapi juga sabut, tempurung, lidi, daun, dan batangnya pun dapat dimanfaatkan. Saat ini, pemanfaatan serbuk dari sabut kelapa belum maksimal dimana hanya dibuat sebagai media tanam atau bahkan dibuang begitu saja. Salah satu pemanfaataan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu serbuk kelapa dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan papan partikel. Serbuk dari sabut kelapa dapat menjadi bahan baku alternatif untuk pembuatan papan partikel dengan kerapatan sedang atau di atas 0,6 g/cm3 dengan menggunakan perekat urea formaldehida sebanyak 15% dari berat partikel dan hardener 1% dari perekat. Pada penelitian ini, kerapatan yang dibuat 0,4 g/cm3; 0,5 g/cm3; 0,6 g/cm3; 0,8 g/cm3; dan 1 g/cm3 yang sesuai dengan standart industri. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air serbuk kelapa lebih rendah dari standar industri. Selain itu, pada pengujian mekanik, kerapatan rendah 0,4 g/cm3dan 0,5 g/cm3tidak memenuhi standar industri, sedangkan kerapatan 0,6 g/cm3, 0,8 g/cm3, dan 1 g/cm3memenuhi standar industri.Kata kunci: serbuk sabut kelapa, papan partikel, kerapatan, urea formaldehida
Design and Implementation of PID Control-based FSM Algorithm on Line Following Robot
Authors: Al Tahtawi Adnan Rafi , Somantri Yoyo , Haritman Erik 
Published: July 2018

Finite State Machine (FSM) is a control system methodology that describes system’s behavior using three things, namely: state, event, and action. On a program, the system would be in one active state. The system can switch or move to another state if it gets a certain input or event. In this paper, FSM based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller algorithm will be implemented on line follower robot. PID controller is one of system control methods that many used recently. FSM based on PID controller is implemented to keep robot tracking the line trajectory as well. The test result shows that designed algorithm can work well and can be used as a based algorithm of this robot.Keywords: algorithm, Finite State Machine (FSM), Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), robot, line follower
Desain Gating System dan Parameter Proses Pengecoran untuk Mengatasi Cacat Rongga Poros Engkol
Authors: Syah Kadarisman , Karmiadji Djoko W. , Rahmalina Dwi 
Published: July 2018

Teknologi pengecoran logam merupakan salah satu metode yang sering digunakan dalam sektor industri pengolahan logam. Pada proses pengecoran poros engkol menggunakan besi cor nodular (FCD 700) juga terkadang timbul cacat pengecoran, salah satunya adalah cacat penyusutan (macro shrinkage). Cacat penyusutan terjadi karena rongga atau lubang yang terbentuk akibat pengecilan volume ketika logam mengalami pembekuan. Pada saat proses pembekuan logam, tiap bagian coran yang berbeda bentuknya atau dimensinya memiliki kecepatan pembekuan yang berlainan. Pada umumnya, cacat penyusutan terjadi pada bagian yang paling tebal dengan laju pembekuan yang paling lambat dan daerah cacat biasanya dikelilingi oleh krital-kristal dendrite yang terjadi pada saat pembekuan logam. Salah satu solusi untuk mendapatkan produk poros engkol yang bebas dari cacat penyusutan adalah dengan melakukan optimasi desain gating system. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain yang dibuat masih menghasilkan cacat berupa rongga penyusutan. Hal ini terjadi karena belum optimalnya desain sistem saluran yang telah digunakan.Kata kunci: macro shrinkage, desain gating system, simulasi komputer
Update on infection control practices in cancer hospitals
Authors: Ariza‐Heredia Ella J. , Chemaly Roy F. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTherapies in oncology have evolved rapidly over the last years. At the same pace, supportive care for patients receiving cancer therapy has also evolved, allowing patients to safely receive the newest advances in treatment in both an inpatient and outpatient basis. The recognition of the role of infection control and prevention (ICP) in the outcomes of patients living with cancer has been such that it is now a requirement for hospitals and involves multidisciplinary groups. Some unique aspects of ICP for patients with cancer that have gained momentum over the past few decades include catheter‐related infections, multidrug‐resistant organisms, community‐acquired viral infections, and the impact of the health care environment on the horizontal transmission of organisms. Furthermore, as the potential for infections to cross international borders has increased, alertness for outbreaks or new infections that occur outside the area have become constant. As the future approaches, ICP in immunocompromised hosts will continue to integrate emerging disciplines, such as antibiotic stewardship and the microbiome, and new techniques for environmental cleaning and for controlling the spread of infections, such as whole‐genome sequencing. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;000:000‐000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Exploration of Cosmic-ray Acceleration in Protostellar Accretion Shocks and a Model for Ionization Rates in Embedded Protoclusters
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Offner Stella S. R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We construct a model for cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration from protostellar accretion shocks and calculate the resulting CR ionization rate within star-forming molecular clouds. We couple a protostar cluster model with an analytic accretion shock model to calculate the CR acceleration from protostellar surfaces. We present the CR flux spectrum from keV to GeV energies for a typical low-mass protostar. We find that at the shock surface, the spectrum follows a power-law trend across six orders of magnitude in energy. After attenuation, the spectrum at high energies steepens, while at low energies it is relatively flat. We calculate the CR pressure and ionization rates from relativistic protons at the protostellar surface and the edge of the core. We present the CR ionization rate for individual protostars as a function of their instantaneous and final masses. The protostellar CR ionization rate is ζ ≈ 0.01–1 s−1 at the accretion shock surface. However, at the edge of the core, the CR ionization rate drops substantially to between ζ ≈ 10−20 and 10−17 s−1. There is a large spatial gradient in the CR ionization rate, such that inner regions may experience CR ionization rates larger than the often assumed fiducial rate, ζ = 3 × 10−17 s−1. Finally, we calculate the CR ionization rate for protostellar clusters over five orders of magnitude of cluster size. We find that clusters with more than approximately 200 protostars produce a higher CR ionization rate within their natal cloud than the fiducial galactic value.
A relação entre indústria e crescimento econômico: As leis de Kaldor
Authors: Araujo Elisangela Luzia 
Published: July 2018

A teoria neoclássica é indiferente no que se refere à importância dos setores/atividades econômicas na geração da renda, dando ênfase às vantagens comparativas de um país. Todavia, inspirado na macroeconomia keynesiana, que concebe a economia segundo a ótica da demanda, tem-se a abordagem de Nicholas Kaldor ([1966) que defende que, aquilo que se produz e exporta importa para o crescimento econômico. Os estudos do autor partiram do contexto do crescimento lento do Reino Unido nos anos 1950 e 1960 e a investigação dessa problemática resultou na elaboração de conjunto de leis que ficaram conhecidas como as "leis de Kaldor". Derivadas de testes econométricos, essas leis buscavam explicar, por meio de fatos estilizados, as dinâmicas de crescimento nas economias capitalistas, conferindo-se um papel central para a indústria de transformação que foi considerada como sendo o "motor do crescimento".
Empreendedorismo, Inovação e Biotecnologia
Authors: Bacelar Kamila Bacelar 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é abordar de uma forma geral sobre a conceituação de empreendedorismo e sua evolução, assim como seu crescimento e desempenho no Brasil, seguido por uma definição técnica do perfil psicológico do empreendedor, e entender assim como este encara o processo do empreendimento. E também foi destacado um dos fatores mais relevantes considerados atualmente no empreendedorismo: A inovação. Esta caracterizada como fonte de novas ideias ou ideias adaptadas que fazem a diferença no processo empreendedor, mas que no Brasil ainda necessita de políticas públicas mais favoráveis como na área de tecnologia e na Biotecnologia.
A Tolerogenic Artificial APC Durably Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Directly and Selectively Modulating Myelin Peptide–Autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Wan Xin , Pei Weiya , Shahzad Khawar Ali , Zhang Lei , Song Shilong , Jin Xiaoxiao , Wang Limin , Zhao Chen , Shen Chuanlai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, a tolerogenic artificial APC (TaAPC) was developed to directly and selectively modulate myelin-autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 peptide–induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6J mice. Cell-sized polylactic-coglycolic acid microparticles were generated to cocouple target Ags (MOG40–54/H-2Db-Ig dimer, MOG35–55/I-Ab multimer), regulatory molecules (anti-Fas and PD-L1-Fc), and “self-marker” CD47-Fc and encapsulate inhibitory cytokine (TGF-β1). Four infusions of the TaAPCs markedly and durably inhibited the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression and reduced the local inflammation in CNS tissue. They circulated throughout vasculature into peripheral lymphoid tissues and various organs, but not into brain, with retention of 36 h and exerted direct effects on T cells in vivo and in vitro. Two infusions of the TaAPCs depleted 65–79% of MOG35–55-specific CD4+ and 46–62% of MOG40–54-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and CNS tissues in an Ag-specific manner and regulatory molecule–dependent fashion; induced robust T cell apoptosis; inhibited the activation and proliferation of MOG peptide–reactive T cells; reduced MOG peptide–reactive Th1, Th17, and Tc17 cells; and expanded regulatory T cells. They also inhibited IFN-γ/IL-17A secretion and elevated IL-10/TGF-β1 production in splenocytes but not in CNS tissue. More importantly, the TaAPCs treatment did not obviously suppress the overall immune function of host. To our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence for the capability of TaAPCs to directly modulate autoreactive T cells by surface presentation of multiple ligands and paracrine release of cytokine, thus suggesting a novel Ag-specific immunotherapy for the T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.
Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae–Induced Pneumonia-Derived Sepsis
Authors: Claushuis Theodora A. M. , van der Donk Lieve E. H. , Luitse Anna L. , van Veen Henk A. , van der Wel Nicole N. , van Vught Lonneke A. , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , de Boer Onno J. , Lankelma Jacqueline M. , Boon Louis , de Vos Alex F. , van ‘t Veer Cornelis , van der Poll Tom 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes citrullination of histones, an important step for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We aimed to determine the role of PAD4 during pneumonia. Markers of NET formation were measured in lavage fluid from airways of critically ill patients. NET formation and host defense were studied during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in PAD4+/+ and PAD4−/− mice. Patients with pneumosepsis, compared with those with nonpulmonary disease, showed increased citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) levels in their airways and a trend toward elevated levels of NET markers cell-free DNA and nucleosomes. During murine pneumosepsis, CitH3 levels were increased in the lungs of PAD4+/+ but not of PAD4−/− mice. Combined light and electron microscopy showed NET-like structures surrounding Klebsiella in areas of CitH3 staining in the lung; however, these were also seen in PAD4−/− mice with absent CitH3 lung staining. Moreover, cell-free DNA and nucleosome levels were mostly similar in both groups. Moreover, Klebsiella and LPS could still induce NETosis in PAD4−/− neutrophils. Both groups showed largely similar bacterial growth, lung inflammation, and organ injury. In conclusion, these data argue against a major role for PAD4 in NET formation, host defense, or organ injury during pneumonia-derived sepsis.
CRACR2A-Mediated TCR Signaling Promotes Local Effector Th1 and Th17 Responses
Authors: Woo Jin Seok , Srikanth Sonal , Kim Kyun-Do , Elsaesser Heidi , Lu Jing , Pellegrini Matteo , Brooks David G. , Sun Zuoming , Gwack Yousang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) is expressed abundantly in T cells and acts as a signal transmitter between TCR stimulation and activation of the Ca2+/NFAT and JNK/AP1 pathways. CRACR2A has been linked to human diseases in numerous genome-wide association studies and was shown to be one of the most sensitive targets of the widely used statin drugs. However, the physiological role of CRACR2A in T cell functions remains unknown. In this study, using transgenic mice for tissue-specific deletion, we show that CRACR2A promotes Th1 responses and effector function of Th17 cells. CRACR2A was abundantly expressed in Th1 and Th17 cells. In vitro, deficiency of CRACR2A decreased Th1 differentiation under nonpolarizing conditions, whereas the presence of polarizing cytokines compensated this defect. Transcript analysis showed that weakened TCR signaling by deficiency of CRACR2A failed to promote Th1 transcriptional program. In vivo, conditional deletion of CRACR2A in T cells alleviated Th1 responses to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and imparted resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Analysis of CNS from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis–induced mice showed impaired effector functions of both Th1 and Th17 cell types, which correlated with decreased pathogenicity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the requirement of CRACR2A-mediated TCR signaling in Th1 responses as well as pathogenic conversion of Th17 cells, which occurs at the site of inflammation.
Towards the preferred stimulus parameters for distortion product otoacoustic emissions in adults: A preliminary study
Authors: Petersen Lucretia , Wilson Wayne J. , Kathard Harsha 
Published: July 2018

Background: Although distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are useful in evaluating cochlear outer hair cell function, determining the optimal stimulus parameters could result in a more reliable, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool across the range of DPOAE applications. Objectives: To identify which stimulus parameters warrant further investigation for eliciting the largest and most reliable DPOAEs in adult humans. Method: A single group, repeated measures design involving a convenience sample of 20 normal-hearing participants between 19 and 24 years of age. Results: Descriptive statistics and mixed model analyses suggested L1/L2 intensity levels of 65/65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and 65/55 dB SPL, and f2/f1 ratios of 1.18, 1.20 and 1.22 elicited larger and more reliable DPOAEs in both ears. Conclusion: Further investigation of the 65/65 dB SPL and 65/55 dB SPL intensity levels and the 1.18, 1.20 and 1.22 f2/f1 ratios is warranted to determine the stimulus parameters for eliciting the largest and most reliable DPOAEs in adult humans across the range of DPOAE applications.
Language and culture in speech-language and hearing professions in South Africa: The dangers of a single story
Authors: Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Mophosho Munyane 
Published: July 2018

Background: Speech-language and hearing (SLH) professions in South Africa are facing significant challenges in the provision of clinical services to patients with communication disorders from a context that is culturally and linguistically diverse because of historic exclusions of black and African language speaking candidates in higher education training programmes. Over 20 years post the democratic dispensation, minimal changes have been noted in terms of the training, research as well as clinical service provision in these professions, although the demographic profile of students is seen to be transforming gradually. Objectives: We offer this viewpoint publication as a challenge to the professions to interrogate their academic and clinical orientation in respect of African contextual relevance and responsiveness. Method: We do this by identifying gaps within the higher education context, highlighting the influencing factors to the provision of linguistically and culturally appropriate SLH training and clinical services in South Africa, while asking questions about what SLH students and practitioners need to carefully consider. Results: We make recommendations about what needs to happen within the SLH professions in South Africa in order to stay safe from the dangers of a single story. Conclusion: We invite debate in order to allow for constructive engagement with this complex issue within the South African SLH professions.
Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Mei , Liu Huan , Fu Mingliang , Deng Fanyuan , Lv Zhaofeng , Man Hanyang , Jin Xinxin , Liu Shuai , He Kebin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure
of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas;
however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at
berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang
Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas
chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass
spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and
aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g.,
n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified
species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3)
forming potential were
0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and
2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and
negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the
intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental
carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %)
and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 %
of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the
0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around
0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was
examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions
when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate
particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine
diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions,
when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after
1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric
stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon
monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and
complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the
impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate
contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide
robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.