bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and clinical reliability of two spectrophotometers
Authors: Klotz Anna‐Luisa , Habibi Yasamin , Corcodel Nicoleta , Rammelsberg Peter , Hassel Alexander J. , Zenthöfer Andreas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the repeatability, interexaminer, and interdevice reliability of two clinically applicable spectrophotometers under laboratory and clinical conditions.Material and MethodsFor the in vitro part of the study, measurements were performed by the use of Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0 (ES‐A) and the Easyshade V (ES‐V) at identical positions on different shade tabs (3D‐Master; Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). To test repeatability, one shade tab was measured 50 times by one operator. To determine interrater and interdevice agreement, two operators used both devices to perform 10 measurements on five different shade tabs. Clinical interdevice and interexaminer reliability was checked with a positioning jig used (15 participants). Measurement accuracy of both devices was evaluated for the recommended color of shade tabs.ResultsRepeatability of results from both Easyshades was excellent for all color components (maximum deviation between measurements was ≤0.1 units). Interrater agreement was also perfect (intraclass correlation, ICC = 1.000). Interdevice agreement was lower, but still good (ICC ≥ 0.834). In the clinical environment, interrater and interdevice agreements were similar (ICC > 0.964 and ICC > 0.873). Accuracy was satisfactory for both devices, with both observers in full agreement for nearly 80% of ratings.ConclusionsBoth Easyshades produced reliable and accurate measurements and can therefore be recommended for clinical determination of tooth color.Clinical SignificanceThe outcome of this study might help clinicians estimate the performance of a new digital shade determination device.
Cohort Trends in Union Dissolution During Young Adulthood
Authors: Eickmeyer Kasey J. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether recent birth cohorts of women experienced more union dissolution during young adulthood (ages 18–25) than previous birth cohorts.BackgroundThe union formation and dissolution patterns of young adult women in the United States have changed dramatically during the past 25 years. As a result, this life stage is demographically dense as women experience a bulk of relationship experiences, including coresidential unions and dissolution.MethodThe author uses data on women's marital and cohabiting dissolutions between the ages of 18 and 25 from the National Survey of Family Growth 1995, 2002, and continuous surveys from 2006 to 2010 and 2011 to 2015 (N = 14,211). The sample is nationally representative. The author uses generalized ordinal logistic regression to examine the likelihood of dissolution during young adulthood across birth cohorts.ResultsWomen born between 1985 and 1989 experience more union dissolutions during young adulthood than women born between 1960 and 1979. However, the shift in cohabitation behavior accounts for this instability.ConclusionWomen's relationship formation experiences in young adulthood are characterized by nonmarital relationships (cohabitation) and more union dissolution when compared with older birth cohorts. Theoretical and empirical studies need to evolve to include this more complicated sense of young adulthood, union formation, and instability.
Apple tree flowering is mediated by low level of melatonin under the regulation of seasonal light signal
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Wang Lin , Shi Kun , Shan Dongqian , Zhu Yunpeng , Wang Chanyu , Bai Yixue , Yan Tianci , Zheng Xiaodong , Kong Jin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMelatonin regulates the seasonal reproduction in photoperiodic sensitive animals. Its function in plants reproduction has not been extensively studied. In the current study, the effects of melatonin on the apple tree flowering have been systematically investigated. For consecutive 2‐year monitoring, it was found that the flowering was always associated with the drop of melatonin level in apple tree. Melatonin application before flowering postponed apple tree flowering with a dose‐dependent manner. The increased melatonin levels at a suitable range also resulted in more flowering. The data indicated that similar to the animals, the melatonin also serves as the signal of the environmental light to regulate the plant reproduction. It was mainly the blue and far‐red light to regulate the gene expression of melatonin synthetic enzymes and melatonin production in plants. The seasonal alterations of the blue and far‐red lights coordinated well with the changes of the melatonin levels and led to decreased melatonin level before flowering. The mechanism studies showed that melatonin per se inhibits all the four flowering pathways in apple. The results not only provide the basic knowledge for melatonin research, but also uncover melatonin as a chemical message of light signal to mediate plant reproduction. This information can be potentially used to control flowering period and prolong the harvest time, helpfully to open a new avenue for increasing crop yield by melatonin application.
Growth performance and intestinal morphology of Hyline chickens fed diets with different diet particle sizes
Authors: Lang Wuying , Hong Pan , Li Ruonan , Zhang Hao , Huang Yusheng , Zheng Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of feed particle size on the growth performance and intestinal morphology of Hyline chickens was studied. Sixty one‐day‐old chickens were randomly assigned into two groups with five replicates per group and six chickens per replicate. The control group (CG) was fed pelleted feed and the experimental group (EG) was fed crumbled feed. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the pelleted and crumbled feed was approximately 1.2 and 0.8 mm respectively. The trial was carried out from day 15 to day 69 of the lives of the chickens. During the experimental period, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were calculated. At 42 and 69 days of age, fifteen chickens from each group were slaughtered for the intestinal morphology analyses. The morphologies of various segments of the intestine were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that from 15 to 42 days of age, the FCR of the CG was higher than that of the EG, but the final body weight was lower in the CG than in the EG (p < 0.05). The villi heights in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were shorter in the CG than in the EG (p < 0.05). The villi tips in the duodenum and jejunum of the CG were broken, but they were protected in the EG. At 69 days of age, the BW and the whole intestinal villi height of the CG were greater than those of the EG (p < 0.05). The villi in the duodenum and jejunum in the CG were better than 42 days, but the tips of the duodenal villi in the EG were slightly broken. In conclusion, feeding chickens crumbled feed from 15 to 42 days of age and then feeding them pelleted feed was beneficial to the growth performance of the Hyline chickens, as the pelleted feed would break the intestinal villi of young chickens, but the intestinal villi become stronger with the chicken growth.
Beneficial impacts of bee pollen in animal production, reproduction and health
Authors: Abdelnour Sameh A. , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Farag Mayada R. , Elnesr Shaaban S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBee pollen (BP) is one of the most useful therapeutic products favoured by natural medicine scientists because of its possible nutritional and medical applications. It exhibits many impacts such as antimicrobial, immunostimulating, antioxidants and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, BP has some useful therapeutic features in numerous pathological situations such as its impact to normalize wound healing. Based on previous literatures, the level of BP supplement in livestock and poultry ranged from 0.1 to 20 g/kg diet. This variation depends on the species, physiological status, age and purpose of addition; so far generally, it accepted to use the level with no side effects. It has been observed that BP enhanced growth performance, immunity responses and blood variables and had hypoglycaemic activity by reducing the lipid in the blood and carcass. Also, BP contains more nutrients, which stimulate faster differentiation and proliferation of the cells of immune system of birds. Therefore, the present review recommends that BP supplementation (up to 20 g/kg diet) had possible beneficial impacts, antioxidants and protective activities on most of the production, productive and health patterns of livestock.
Genome‐wide association analysis of salinity responsive traits in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Kang Yun , Torres‐Jerez Ivone , An Zewei , Greve Veronica , Huhman David , Krom Nicholas , Cui Yuehua , Udvardi Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSalinity stress is an important cause of crop yield loss in many parts of the world. Here, we performed genome‐wide association studies of salinity‐stress responsive traits in 132 HapMap genotypes of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plants grown in soil were subjected to a step‐wise increase in NaCl concentration, from 0 through 0.5% and 1.0% to 1.5%, and the following traits were measured: vigor, shoot biomass, shoot water content, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf size, and leaf and root concentrations of proline and major ions (Na+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+, etc.). Genome‐wide association studies were carried out using 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 12 genomic regions associated with at least four traits each were identified. Transcript‐level analysis of the top eight candidate genes in five extreme genotypes revealed association between salinity tolerance and transcript‐level changes for seven of the genes, encoding a vacuolar H+‐ATPase, two transcription factors, two proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, one peroxidase, and a protein of unknown function. Earlier functional studies on putative orthologues of two of the top eight genes (a vacuolar H+‐ATPase and a peroxidase) demonstrated their involvement in plant salinity tolerance.
Growth of pediatric recipients after renal transplantation from small pediatric deceased donors weighing less than 15 kg
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhao Wen‐yu , Zhang Lei , Zhu You‐hua , Zeng Li 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRTx is currently the best treatment for children with ESRD. This study retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of growth after RTx using the pediatric‐to‐pediatric allocation strategy and some factors that may affect it. From March 2012 to August 2016, 8 en bloc and 38 single pediatric RTxs were performed at our center using organs from small pediatric deceased donors (weight < 15 kg). Growth before and after RTx was analyzed according to the height‐for‐age z‐score at RTx, the 3‐year follow‐up, and adulthood and compared between the procedures. The chi‐square test and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. Overall, 79.2% of children were diagnosed with chronic nephritis before RTx; 14.6% of cases were due to congenital urinary tract malformation, and 6.3% of cases were due to unknown causes. All grafts and patients survived postoperatively. The mean estimated GFRs were 92.7 ± 28.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, 100.9 ± 32.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 110.1 ± 34.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 1, 2, and 3 years’ postoperatively, respectively. The children's postoperative growth and development, particularly during the first year postoperatively, improved but were negatively correlated with age and the height‐for‐age z‐score before RTx. The growth of children after RTx was moderate and accelerated during prepubescence. The rate of post‐RTx growth during the first year postoperatively was unrelated to the recipient's sex or duration of dialysis (P > 0.05) but was negatively correlated with age at RTx (r = −0.349, P = 0.043). Future studies on the long‐term outcomes are still needed.
Kajian Empirikal Mengenai Kepintaran Vokasional Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Teknik
Authors: Mustapha Ramlee , Wahyudi Wahyudi 
Published: December 2018

Review of literature shows that empirical research on vocational intelligence (VQ) is lacking as compared to substantial research conducted on intellectual intelligence (IQ and emotional intelligence (EQ). Vocational intelligence is a new theory. It could be an offshoot from Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the vocational intelligence of technical school apprentices in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Gardner and Holland theories have been chosen as the basis for the study’s conceptual framework that contained six domains of vocational intelligence, namely realistic and artistic intelligence, artistic and realistic tendencies, and kinesthetic and visual talents. Multiple cases and multiple sites case study was selected as the study’s research design. A random sample of 306 vocational students was selected from four technical secondary institutions in Perak. Research instrument comprised questionnaire and interview questions to gather quantitative and qualitative information. Key finding from the questionnaire is that the technical secondary students believe that they possess the three main competencies ─ visual, kinesthetic, and artistic. The result also shows that background aspects of the students did not influence their VQ except the schoolings of the father and mother. In terms of the relationships among constructs, Pearson correlation coefficients show strong correlations among artistic competence with artistic tendency and realistic competence with realistic tendency. In contrast to questionnaire data, open-ended results show the technical school students believed that they are dominantly realistic, followed by artistic and visual. Interview data via thematic analyses show that students admitted that they have realistic VQ.
Sumbangan Tuan Haji Tahir Bin Daeng Mangati (TGHT 1921-1994), Ulama Nusantara Dalam Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia
Authors: Twahir@H Tahir Wahibah , Husain Husna , Abd Ghani Abdul Rahman , Abdul Abu Hassan 
Published: December 2018

Islamic history proves the development of Islamic times beyond the boundaries and territories is largely due to the sacrifices of scholars. This study focuses on the contribution of Tuan Guru Haji Tahir Bin Daeng Mangati (TGHT) a scholar in Johor born Sulawesi Indonesia (1921-1994). This study provides academic exposure to the general public in order to recognize the personality, characteristic , contribution and sacrifice of TGHT as one of the scholar of the Nusantara who migrated from one region to another to develop Islam especially through Islamic education and Islamic missionary and Islamic organizations. The research method used besides document analysis, involves interviews and observation methods in primary sources. Live interviews and through social media application What'apps and Facebook are continuously conducted throughout 2015-2017 among TGHT family members, especially his wife and 14 surviving children, 5 family members in Sulawesi as well as 5 former students as well as close friends with TGHT. The study found that his education background in the Madrasah Arabiyah Islamiyyah As'adiyah Sengkang South Sulawesi and the involvement in the movement against the Dutch colonialists in the 40s and the family and community environment in Makassar was a major influence that created his personality and identity until reaching the level of a preacher, educator, fighters and scholars. He is known to be very practical in appreciating the Sunnah of RasululLah SAW in family and community life as well as in the struggle to uphold the teachings of Islam by migrating their homeland to Java and Malaya. Throughout his life, he through various tribulations of struggle before and after independence. He finally managed to leave the legacy of a large family educated with Islamic teachings, eight madrasahs in Johor and dozens of da'wah and harakah books Arabic-Malay translation for the gaze of today's generation. He was recognized as a murabbi and leader in the Islamic movement especially PAS and respected by other missionary movements. Hence, it is hoped that this study will create awareness for the younger generation to appreciate the grassroots of the past history to be a good example in continuing their life more meaningful to religion and country.
Relationship Between SMEs Sources of Funds and Investment Evaluation Techniques
Authors: Katabi Rose Jestina , Dimoso Romanus 
Published: December 2018

This paper analysed the sources of funds that influence the selection of investment evaluation techniques of SMEs in Tanzanian. Cross-sectional survey design was used to explain the sources of funds influencing the selection of investment evaluation techniques among Tanzanian SMEs. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data to a sample of 301 SMEs drawn from SIDO in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Data were collected though questionnaires and transformed into suitable format for analysis using statistical packages for the survey, while for the case study interviews were used. Statistical techniques used in this study were descriptive (frequency distributions, tabulation, and cross-tabulation) and inferential statistics (bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis) which were used to determine whether or not there is a relationship between sources of funds of SMEs, and investment evaluation techniques. The findings of the study revealed that personal saving and commercial banks were found to be factors influencing the selection of investment evaluation techniques.Keywords: Relationship, Sources of funds, SMEs, Investment evaluation techniques
Implementing online evidence-based care pathways: A mixed-methods study across primary and secondary care
Authors: Akehurst Joy , Sattar Zeibeda , Gordon Isabel , Ling Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

AimTo understand what contextual influences, mechanisms and outcomes affect the implementation and use of localised, online care pathways (HealthPathways) in primary and secondary care.Design and procedureMixed-measures design.Quantitative data included number of page views and conditions viewed. Qualitative data from semistructured interviews and focus groups were gathered over a 6-month period, and analysed using NVivo software.SettingThe first HealthPathways UK site, South Tyneside, England.ParticipantsGeneral practitioners, nurses, practice managers, hospital consultants and system leaders (managers, commissioners) (n=76).ResultsUse of the pathways significantly increased over time. Themes were developed showing how online care pathways were used—leadership, pre-existing networks and relationships; development of systems and processes for care pathways, the use of online care pathways to support decision-making and referral, and perceived availability of resources. Inter-related themes were arranged into configurations consisting of contextual influences, mechanisms and outcomes. Recommendations were made for future implementations, such as improved data collection processes to understand how and why there was variance in the use of pathways.ConclusionsThis study was early in the implementation process; however, emerging themes will facilitate the future implementation and use of online care pathways. Recommendations are made for further research to include other health and social care users and patients to inform future developments.
Improving Care of STEMI in the United States 2008 to 2012
Authors: Granger Christopher B. , Bates Eric R. , Jollis James G. , Antman Elliott M. , Nichol Graham , O'Connor Robert E. , Gregory Tammy , Roettig Mayme L. , Peng S. Andrew , Ellrodt Gray , Henry Timothy D. , French William J. , Jacobs Alice K. 
Published: December 2018

Background
We aimed to determine the change in treatment strategies and times to treatment over the first 5 years of the Mission: Lifeline program.

Methods and Results

We assessed pre‐ and in‐hospital care and outcomes from 2008 to 2012 for patients with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction at US hospitals, using data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry—Get With The Guidelines Registry. In‐hospital adjusted mortality was calculated including and excluding cardiac arrest as a reason for primary percutaneous coronary intervention delay. A total of 147 466 patients from 485 hospitals were analyzed. There was a decrease in the proportion of eligible patients not treated with reperfusion (6.2% versus 3.3%) and treated with fibrinolytic therapy (13.4% versus 7.0%). Median time from symptom onset to first medical contact was unchanged (≈50 minutes). Use of prehospital ECGs increased (45% versus 71%). All major reperfusion times improved: median first medical contact‐to‐device for emergency medical systems transport to percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospitals (93 to 84 minutes), first door‐to‐device for transfers for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (130 to 112 minutes), and door‐in–door‐out at non–percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospitals (76 to 62 minutes) (all
P
<0.001 over 5 years). Rates of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, and overall in‐hospital mortality increased (5.7% to 6.3%). Adjusted mortality excluding patients with known cardiac arrest decreased by 14% at 3 years and 25% at 5 years (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Quality of care for patients with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction improved over time in Mission: Lifeline, including increased use of reperfusion therapy and faster times‐to‐treatment. In‐hospital mortality improved for patients without cardiac arrest but did not appear to improve overall as the number of these high‐risk patients increased.
MALİYE EĞİTİMİNİN VERGİ OKURYAZARLIĞI DÜZEYİNE ETKİSİ: ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TEYYARE Edoğan 
Published: December 2018

Okuryazarlık düzeyi toplumların
kalkınmışlık seviyesinin bir göstergesi olmakla birlikte eğitim ile yükselen
bir olgudur. Vergi okuryazarlığı, ekonomik birimlerin gelirinin nasıl
vergilendirildiğini, ödemesi gereken verginin nasıl belirlendiğini, nasıl
beyanname vermesi gerektiği gibi vergiyi oluşturan unsurlar hakkında bir takım
bilgi ve beceriye sahip olunmasını ifade etmektedir. Hiç şüphe yok ki vergi
okuryazarlık düzeyi konusunda eğitim temel rol oynamaktadır. Bu amaçla
çalışmada Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Fakültesi maliye bölümünde eğitim gören öğrencilere yönelik bir araştırma yapılmıştır.
Yapılan araştırmada analiz bulgularına göre maliye eğitiminin vergi
okuryazarlık düzeyinin artmasına katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca gruplar arası karşılaştırma
yapıldığında, sınıf düzeyi ve akademik başarı düzeyi yükseldikçe okuryazarlık
düzeyinin arttığı, cinsiyet ve öğrenim türüne göre ise anlamlı bir farklılık
olmadığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.