bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Zr Doping in Stabilizing Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 as a Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Jonghyun , Lee Seung‐Yong , Yoon Sangmoon , Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Kim Miyoung , Hong Seong‐Hyeon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNi‐rich layered LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 systems are the most promising cathode materials for high energy density Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, Ni‐rich cathode materials inevitably suffer from rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability owing to structural instability and unstable surface side reactions. Zr doping has proven to be an effective method to enhance the cycle and rate performances by stabilizing the structure and increasing the Li+ diffusion rate. Herein, effects of Zr‐doping on the structural stability and Li+ diffusion kinetics are thoroughly investigated in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (LNCM) cathode material using atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, XRD Rietveld refinement, and density functional theory calculations. Zr doping mitigates the degree of cation mixing, decreases the structural transformation, and facilitates Li+ diffusion resulting in improved cyclic performance and rate capability. Based on the obtained results, an atomistic model is proposed to explain the effects of Zr doping on the structural stability and Li+ diffusion kinetics in LNCM cathode materials.
Glycitein induces reactive oxygen species‐dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through the MAPK/STAT3/NF‐κB pathway in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zang Yan‐Qing , Feng Yan‐Yu , Luo Ying‐Hua , Zhai Yu‐Qing , Ju Xue‐Ying , Feng Yu‐Chao , Wang Jia‐Ru , Yu Chang‐Qing , Jin Cheng‐Hao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlycitein is an isoflavone that reportedly inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer and prostate cancer cells. However, its anti‐cancer molecular mechanisms in human gastric cancer remain to be defined. This study evaluated the antitumor effects of glycitein on human gastric cancer cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We used MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blotting to investigate its molecular mechanisms with focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results showed that glycitein had significant cytotoxic effects on human gastric cancer cells. Glycitein markedly decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased AGS cells mitochondrial‐related apoptosis, and caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating cycle‐related protein. Mechanistically, accompanying ROS, glycitein can activate mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway regulated the expression levels of STAT3 and NF‐κB upon treatment with MAPK inhibitor andN‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC). These findings suggested that glycitein induced AGS cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest via ROS‐related MAPK/STAT3/NF‐κB signaling pathways. Thus, glycitein has the potential to a novel targeted therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.
Deformation patterns and timing of the thrust‐nappe structures in the Mohe Formation in Mohe Basin, Northeast China: Implication of the closure timing of Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean
Authors: Liang Chenyue , Liu Yongjiang , Zheng Changqing , Li Weimin , Neubauer Franz , Zhang Qian , Zhang Duo 
Published: March 2019

The Mohe Basin, to the south of the eastern Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt, contains important stratigraphic records and thrust‐nappe structures for understanding the closure of the eastern Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Meso‐micro structures in the Mohe Formation indicate a low‐temperature deformation/metamorphism (ca. 400°C) under an N‐S compression related to the southward thrusting faulting. The S‐L‐tectonites record strain similar or close to flattening/compressional strain and denote sinistral shearing in analogously N‐S‐trending thrusting. Our new detrital zircon U–Pb ages exhibit that maximum depositional ages of the Mohe Formation were conservatively estimated as latest Middle Jurassic (ca. 165 Ma). The Northeast China and Erguna Block to the south of the Mohe Basin, and Siberian Block to the north were the sources for the Mohe foreland basin's sediments throughout the deposition of the Mohe Formation, which derived from the basement uplift where erosion cuts deep into the dissected arcs. In the latest Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous, the southward collision and indentation of the Siberian Block (final closure of Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean) led to intense thrust nappe structures, syn‐collisional folds, and low‐temperature metamorphism occurred along the northwestern margin of Mohe Basin.
Complete surgical removal of multiple tumor lesions in malignant pheochromocytomas produces a good prognosis
Authors: Nozaki Satoshi , Naiki Taku , Moritoki Yoshinobu , Hamamoto Shuzo , Etani Toshiki , Iida Keitaro , Unno Rei , Okada Atsushi , Kawai Noriyasu , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMalignant pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine secreting tumors; there is no definitive strategy for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas, especially in cases with multiple tumors.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis presented with multiple malignant pheochromocytomas 16 years after undergoing adrenalectomy. After three courses of systemic chemotherapy, there was no change in the size of tumor lesions or serum catecholamine levels; surgical removal of all lesions was carried out. Eighteen months after the operation, the patient has had no recurrences and her diabetes is controlled well by oral medication.ConclusionOur findings indicate that complete surgical resection should be considered, even in patients with multiple malignant pheochromocytomas.
Impact of chrysin on the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic complications
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed , Roshanravan Babak 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, resulting in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neuropathy, ocular diseases, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular disease are common complications of diabetes that threats the patient’s life. Chrysin (CH), a natural flavonoid, has several pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer. Strong scientific documents indicated that chrysin may be effective for preventing and treating complications of diabetes in experimental models. The present study was designed to review the association between chrysin administration and diabetes complications by focusing on the possible molecular pathway. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against diabetes outcomes by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more clinical trial study should be done to clear the protective effects of chrysin in diabetic patients.
Renal impairment and analgesia: From effectiveness to adverse effects
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Aghsaie Fard Ziba 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKidney pain is one of the clinically significant features of renal dysfunction. Mild to severe pain is seen in the lower back area. Painkillers are mostly recommended in these cases to relieve the symptom. Yet, several analgesics are associated with side effects that can worsen the state of the disease. This review is based on the studies conducted in these aspects analgesics used to treat kidney pain and their effectiveness, renal consequences of postoperative analgesia, and pharmacogenetics of these palliatives are briefly summarized in this paper.
An approach combining the integral equation method with a generalized image technique for modeling incabin radio wave propagation
Authors: Zhao Wei‐Jiang , Liu En‐Xiao , Wang Binfang , Gao Si‐Ping , Png Ching Eng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn approach that combines the integral equation (IE) method with a generalized image technique (GIT) is proposed for modeling radio wave propagation inside an electrically large and imperfectly conducting closed environment. The electric current distribution on a transmit antenna solved with a method of moment procedure is expressed as a weighted sum of basis functions. Each basis function with a small dimension is thought as a subtransmitter. The GIT is introduced to compute the single and multiple reflections by imperfectly conducting walls due to the radiation from these subtransmitters. The proposed approach can be applied to predict the radio wave propagation from a transmitter in the vicinity of an electrically large environment. Its validity is demonstrated through some numerical examples where full‐wave results are available.
Interpreting medieval mobility from burials at the rock‐hewn church of St. Georges, Gurat (France): Insights from strontium isotope analysis of bones and teeth
Authors: Meijer Jacqueline , Dolphin Alexis E. , Yakymchuk Chris , Gervers Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cave church St. Georges is a hand‐carved limestone cave church located in Gurat, southwestern France, which likely developed from a hermitic site by the High Middle Ages (1001–1300 AD). Gurat is unique in that few bioarchaeological studies of monastic collections, particularly in France, have been conducted. This research represents the first effort to understand who the people at Gurat were, and where they might have travelled from, by employing strontium isotope analysis. Such data are used to interpret motivations behind hypothesized mobility. Dental and skeletal tissues from 14 individuals excavated at the cave church site were analysed for their strontium isotope ratio via laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The 87Sr/86Sr values in human bone samples from Gurat indicate that all individuals likely lived near Gurat for at least the last few years of their lives. 87Sr/86Sr values yielded from tooth enamel samples indicate that during childhood, the Gurat individuals were mobile and originated from a region isotopically dissimilar to Gurat. Mobility into the site of Gurat may be explained by the pilgrimage routes in which traversed Gurat, as well as by the practice of transhumance. Given that two pilgrimage routes passed near the village, Gurat would have been a consistently well‐travelled site for nonlocal Christians during the Middle Ages. It is therefore likely that many travellers passed through the village of Gurat. Additionally, because Cistercian monks practiced transhumance during the medieval period, and many of the Gurat individuals do appear isotopically to have origins from highland regions in France (i.e., the Massif Central), it is possible that these individuals engaged in seasonal migration between highland and lowland regions. Therefore, the data presented here have demonstrated that, through strontium isotope analysis, the Gurat individuals were likely migrants to the Gurat cave church.
Spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma of the cheek: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Yu , Tamura Takayuki , Takubo Kazuko , Otsuki Kazuma , Doi Rieko , Kodani Isamu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report a rare case of spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma (SL/PL) in a 76‐year‐old woman who visited our hospital because of a mass on her right cheek. She presented with no other abnormal symptoms. We observed a 22‐mm wide, elastic, painless, yellow mass on her right cheek that was tumefactive, and the boundary between it and the surrounding tissue was relatively clear. With the patient under general anesthesia, we performed surgery to remove the tumor, which was identified by pathological examination as SL/PL. Six months postoperatively, the patient experiences no symptom recurrence and is in good condition.
Immunotherapy for malignant tumors with focus on toll‐like receptors
Authors: Manome Yoko , Suzuki Dai , Nishida Rie , Yamada Atsushi , Miyamoto Yoichi , Funatsu Takahiro , Kamijo Ryutaro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne in three Japanese people will develop cancer during their lifetime and cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan, with prognosis known to worsen with development of distant metastasis. Recently, immunotherapy treatment for cancer has become established and shown to be more effective with fewer side effects as compared to other therapeutic options. As a result, toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecules derived from many types of pathogens and activate the intra‐vital immune system, have become new targets for cancer immunotherapy treatment. In the present review, we provide an outline of immunotherapy procedures with a focus on TLRs.
Dimethyl‐methylphenyl copolysiloxanes by dimethylsilanolate‐initiated ring opening polymerization. Evidence for linearity of the resulting polymer structures
Authors: Zlatanic Alisa , Radojcic Dragana , Wan Xianmei , Messman Jamie M. , Bowen Daniel E. , Dvornic Petar R. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTRecently, we reported that dimethylsilanolate‐initiated anionic ring opening polymerization of dimethylsiloxy‐ and diphenylsiloxy‐cyclic siloxanes results in polymer chain branching by dimethylsilanolate‐induced cleavage of only one Si‐CAr side bond in diphenylsiloxy repeat units, leading to formation of “Ph‐T‐branches”, and not extending to the cleavage of the second phenyl group. We attributed this behavior to electronic structures of the participating dimethylsiloxy‐, diphenylsiloxy and Ph‐T‐branch silicons and predicted that copolymers prepared by this synthetic route from dimethylsiloxy‐ and methylphenylsiloxy‐cyclics should not undergo branching at all but should have perfect linear chain configuration. Here, we describe results of a study of two such dimethylsilanolate‐initiated ring opening polymerizations of dimethylsiloxy‐ and methyphenylsiloxy‐cyclic tetramers and characterization of the resulting polymers by SEC‐MALS‐VIS, Mark‐Houwink‐Sakurada relationship and 29Si NMR. The results obtained clearly confirmed our prediction of expected linearity of these polymer chains and also indicated that the resulting polymers were completely amorphous even at as low methylphenylsiloxy‐content as 3.9 mol %. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1122–1129
On parameter convergence in least squares identification and adaptive control
Authors: Pan Yongping , Sun Tairen , Yu Haoyong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryLeast squares estimation is appealing in performance and robustness improvements of adaptive control. A strict condition termed persistent excitation (PE) needs to be satisfied to achieve parameter convergence in least squares estimation. This paper proposes a least squares identification and adaptive control strategy to achieve parameter convergence without the PE condition. A modified modeling error that utilizes online historical data together with instant data is constructed as additional feedback to update parameter estimates, and an integral transformation is introduced to avoid the time derivation of plant states in the modified modeling error. On the basis of these results, a regressor filtering–free least squares estimation law is proposed to guarantee exponential parameter convergence by an interval excitation condition, which is much weaker than the PE condition. And then, an identification‐based indirect adaptive control law is proposed to establish exponential stability of the closed‐loop system under the interval excitation condition. Illustrative results considering both identification and control problems have verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
Systematic Comparison of Retinal Organoid Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Stage Specific, Cell Line, and Methodological Differences
Authors: Mellough Carla B. , Collin Joseph , Queen Rachel , Hilgen Gerrit , Dorgau Birthe , Zerti Darin , Felemban Majed , White Kathryn , Sernagor Evelyne , Lako Majlinda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A major goal in the stem cell field is to generate tissues that can be utilized as a universal tool for in vitro models of development and disease, drug development, or as a resource for patients suffering from disease or injury. Great efforts are being made to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells in vitro toward retinal tissue, which is akin to native human retina in its cytoarchitecture and function, yet the numerous existing retinal induction protocols remain variable in their efficiency and do not routinely produce morphologically or functionally mature photoreceptors. Herein, we determine the impact that the method of embryoid body (EB) formation and maintenance as well as cell line background has on retinal organoid differentiation from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data indicate that cell line-specific differences dominate the variables that underline the differentiation efficiency in the early stages of differentiation. In contrast, the EB generation method and maintenance conditions determine the later differentiation and maturation of retinal organoids. Of the latter, the mechanical method of EB generation under static conditions, accompanied by media supplementation with Y27632 for the first 48 hours of differentiation, results in the most consistent formation of laminated retinal neuroepithelium containing mature and electrophysiologically responsive photoreceptors. Collectively, our data provide substantive evidence for stage-specific differences in the ability to give rise to laminated retinae, which is determined by cell line-specific differences in the early stages of differentiation and EB generation/organoid maintenance methods at later stages.
Symmetries of M-theory and free Lie superalgebras
Authors: Gomis Joaquim , Kleinschmidt Axel , Palmkvist Jakob 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study systematically various extensions of the Poincaré superalgebra. The most general structure starting from a set of spinorial superchargesQαis a free Lie superalgebra that we discuss in detail. We explain how this universal extension of the Poincaré superalgebra gives rise to many other algebras as quotients, some of which have appeared previously in various places in the literature. In particular, we show how some quotients can be very neatly related to Borcherds superalgebras. The ideas put forward also offer some new angles on exotic branes and extended symmetry structures in M-theory.
Vacuum structure of charge k two-dimensional QED and dynamics of an anti D-string near an O1−-plane
Authors: Armoni Adi , Sugimoto Shigeki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We study the vacuum structure of N

f
flavour two-dimensional QED with an arbitrary integer charge k. We find that the axial symmetry is spontaneously broken from

$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{k{N}_f} $$

ℤ

k

N
f

to

$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{N_f} $$

ℤ

N
f

due to the non-vanishing condensate of a flavour singlet operator, resulting in k degenerate vacua. An explicit construction of the k vacua is given by using a
non-commutative algebra obtained as a central extension of the

$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{k{N}_f} $$

ℤ

k

N
f

discrete axial symmetry and ℤ
k
1-form (center) symmetry, which represents the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between them.
We then give a string theory realization of such a system with k = 2 and N

f
= 8 by putting an anti D-string in the vicinity of an orientifold O1−-plane and study its dynamics using the two-dimensional gauge theory realized on it. We calculate the potential between the anti D-string and the O1−-plane and find repulsion in both weak and strong coupling regimes of the two-dimensional gauge theory, corresponding to long and short distances, respectively. We also calculate the potential for the (Q, −1)-string (the bound state of an anti D-string and Q fundamental strings) located close to the O1−-plane. The result is non-perturbative in the string coupling.
Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy: Importance of the Intraoperative Management of the Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Ponce de León‐Ballesteros Guillermo , Velázquez‐Fernández David , Hernández‐Calderón F. Javier , Bonilla‐Ramírez Carlos , Pérez‐Soto Rafael H. , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Sierra Mauricio , Herrera Miguel F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTotal thyroidectomy is the most common surgical procedure for the treatment of thyroid diseases. Postoperative hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy in order to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate the impact of parathyroid autotransplantation.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 1018 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at our institution between 2000 and 2016. Medical records were reviewed to analyze patient features, clinical presentation, management and postoperative complications. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed based on the natural scaling of each included variable. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsMean ± SD age was 46.79 ± 15.9 years; 112 (11.7%) were males and 844 (88.3%) females. A total of 642 (67.2%) patients underwent surgery for malignant disease. The rate of postoperative hypocalcemia, transient, protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism was 32.8%, 14.43%, 18.4% and 3.9%, respectively. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly associated with the number of parathyroid glands remaining in situ (4 glands: 2.5%, 3 glands: 3.8%, 1–2 glands: 13.3%; p ˂ 0.0001) [OR for 1–2 glands in situ = 5.32, CI 95% 2.61–10.82]. Other risk factors related to permanent hypoparathyroidism were obesity (OR 3.56, CI 95% 1.79–7.07), concomitant level VI lymph node dissection (OR 3.04, CI 95% 1.46–6.37) and incidental parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation (OR 3.6, CI 95% 1.85–7.02).ConclusionsIdentification and in situ preservation of at least three parathyroid glands were associated with a lower rate of postoperative hypocalcemia (30.4%) and permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism (2.79%).
Choosing one’s future? Narratives on educational and occupational choice among folk high school participants in Sweden
Authors: Fejes Andreas , Dahlstedt Magnus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article poses these questions: How do participants on two different courses in folk high schools in Sweden, a basic course and a theatre course, motivate their educational and occupational choices, and what similarities and differences can be identified? We analyse interviews with students drawing on a narrative approach. Five trajectories emerge: desire to get away; desire to get back on track; desire for employment; desire to change occupation; and desire to realise one’s dreams. We argue that these trajectories reproduce existing social stratification in society, whereby certain futures are available to some people, and not to others.