bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young key affected population in Myanmar: are there any challenges in seeking information and care for HIV/sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health?
Authors: Htut Kyaw Min , Mon Myo Myo , Aye Zin Mar , Ni Lwin Lwin 
Published: September 2018

Background: Unmet needs and barriers in seeking HIV/STI and RH information and care are present especially among young key affected population (YKAP). Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the health seeking behaviors of YKAP regarding HIV/STI and RH, and challenges in seeking health information and care. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted at two large cities in Myanmar. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with YKAP aged 15-24 years. In-depth interviews and key informant interviews were done with YKAP and health care providers. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were done for quantitative data and thematic analysis was applied for qualitative data. Results: A total of 119 young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and 123 young female sex workers (YFSW) included in the study. Mean age of YMSM and YFSW were 20.9±2.4 and 21.7±2.2 years. Over 30% of YMSM and 49.3% of YFSW had experience of any STI symptom. Particularly, 17% of YMSM and 10% of YFSW had genital ulcer, and majority sought health care at NGO clinics. About 37% of YMSM and 40% of YFSW visited Drop-in-center (DIC) within one to six months. Over 13% of YMSM and 14.6% of YFSW had challenges in seeking HIV/STI and RH information. YMSM/YFSW type and age of YMSM were associated with visit to DIC. Lesser proportions of Tha-nge (43.5%), younger age YMSM (66.7%), brothel-based YFSW (47.9%) visited DIC than others (p<0.05). Challenges and unmet needs expressed by YKAP were reluctance in asking health information, worry for future fertility, consequences of anal sex and contraception. Challenges expressed by providers were limited time during outreach service and difficulty in reaching entertainment-based sex workers. Conclusions: Special attention in provision of health information should be paid to YKAP since there is a considerable proportion of YKAP with unmet need in seeking HIV/STI/RH information and care.
Investigating the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: a pilot study
Authors: Ghosh Prakash , Cruz Israel , Picado Albert , Edwards Thomas , Khan Md. Anik Ashfaq , Hossain Faria , Chowdhury Rajashree , Adams Emily R. , Nath Rupen , Ndung'u Joseph M. , Mondal Dinesh 
Published: September 2018

Background: Detection of Leishmania antigens in the urine provides a non-invasive means of diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Leishmania antigen load in the urine may vary between different time-points within a day, thus influencing the performance of antigen-detection tests. Methods: We investigated the dynamics of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at three different time points (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hours). All urine samples collected were tested with the Leishmania Antigen ELISA (VL ELISA) kit, produced by Kalon Biological Ltd., UK. Results: The median concentration of Leishmania antigen in urine collected at 08:00 (2.7 UAU-urinary antigen units/ml) was higher than at 12:00 (1.7 UAU/ml) and at 16:00 (1.9 UAU/ml). These differences were found to be statistically significant (08:00 vs. 12:00, p=0.011; 08:00 vs. 16:00, p=0.041). Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the Leishmania antigen concentration is higher in urine samples collected in the morning, which has important implications when the VL ELISA kit or other tests to detect Leishmania antigen in urine are used for diagnosis of VL and treatment monitoring.
A novel nano-iron supplement to safely combat iron deficiency and anaemia in young children: The IHAT-GUT double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial protocol
Authors: Pereira Dora I.A. , Mohammed Nuredin I. , Ofordile Ogochukwu , Camara Famalang , Baldeh Bakary , Mendy Thomas , Sanyang Chilel , Jallow Amadou T. , Hossain Ilias , Wason James , Prentice Andrew M. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Iron deficiency and its associated anaemia (IDA) are the leading forms of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Conventional oral iron supplements have limited efficacy and have been associated with increased infection, diarrhoea, and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome, particularly in young children. Here we describe the rationale and design of the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel nano iron supplement, iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT), for the treatment of IDA in young children (IHAT-GUT trial).Methods:IHAT-GUT is a three-arm, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Gambian children 6-35 months of age. The intervention consists of a 12-week supplementation with either IHAT, ferrous sulphate (both at doses bioequivalent to 12.5 mgFe/day) or placebo. Assessments are conducted at baseline, Day 15, and Day 85 of the supplementation period. The trial aims to include 600 children with IDA who will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to each arm. The primary objectives are to test non-inferiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate at treating IDA, and to test superiority of IHAT in relation to ferrous sulphate and non-inferiority in relation to placebo in terms of diarrhoea incidence and prevalence. Secondary objectives are to test whether IHAT reduces the burden of enteric pathogens, morbidity, and intestinal inflammation, and that it does not cause detrimental changes to the gut microbiome, particularly in relation toLactobacillaceae,BifidobacteriaceaeandEnterobacteriaceae.Discussion:This trial will test the hypothesis that supplementation with IHAT eliminates iron deficiency and improves haemoglobin levels without inducing gastrointestinal adverse effects. If shown to be the case, this would open the possibility for further testing and use of IHAT as an alternative iron source for micronutrient intervention strategies in resource-poor countries, with the ultimate aim to help reduce the IDA global burden.Registration:This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02941081).
An Extended Mixed-Integer Programming Formulation and Dynamic Cut Generation Approach for the Stochastic Lot-Sizing Problem
Authors: Tunc Huseyin , Kilic Onur A. , Tarim S. Armagan , Rossi Roberto 
Published: September 2018

We present an extended mixed-integer programming formulation of the stochastic lot-sizing problem for the static-dynamic uncertainty strategy. The proposed formulation is significantly more time efficient as compared to existing formulations in the literature and it can handle variants of the stochastic lot-sizing problem characterized by penalty costs and service level constraints, as well as backorders and lost sales. Also, besides being capable of working with a predefined piecewise linear approximation of the cost function—as is the case in earlier formulations—it has the functionality of finding an optimal cost solution with an arbitrary level of precision by means of a novel dynamic cut generation approach. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0792 .
Lateness Minimization in Pairwise Connectivity Restoration Problems
Authors: Averbakh Igor , Pereira Jordi 
Published: September 2018

A network is given whose edges need to be constructed (or restored after a disaster). The lengths of edges represent the required construction/restoration times given available resources, and one unit of length of the network can be constructed per unit of time. All points of the network are accessible for construction at any time. For each pair of vertices, a due date is given. It is required to find a construction schedule that minimizes the maximum lateness of all pairs of vertices, where the lateness of a pair is the difference between the time when the pair becomes connected by an already constructed path and the pair’s due date. We introduce the problem and analyze its structural properties, present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation, develop a number of lower bounds that are integrated in a branch-and-bound algorithm, and discuss results of computational experiments both for instances based on randomly generated networks and for instances based on 2010 Chilean earthquake data. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0796 .
Access to Abortion in Central Appalachian States: Examining County of Residence and County‐Level Attributes
Authors: O'Donnell Jenny , Goldberg Alisa , Betancourt Theresa , Lieberman Ellice 
Published: September 2018

CONTEXTStudies of how women's individual characteristics and place of residence are related to variability in gestational age at the time of abortion have not examined county of residence and county‐level characteristics. The county level is potentially meaningful, given that county is the smallest geographic unit with policy implications.METHODSData on 38,611 abortions that took place in North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia in 2012 were used to study the relationship between gestational age and county‐level attributes (e.g., metropolitan status and poverty). Three‐level hierarchical linear models captured individuals nested in county of residence, clustered by state of residence, and adjusted for individual characteristics and distance traveled to care.RESULTSEight percent of the variation in gestational age at abortion was attributable to county‐level characteristics. Residents of counties characterized by persistent poverty obtained abortions 2.3 days later in gestation than those from counties not characterized by that level of economic hardship. Women living in nonmetropolitan counties obtained abortions 1.7 days later than those living in metropolitan counties, even after distance traveled and county‐level poverty were controlled for.CONCLUSIONCounty of residence is relevant to gestational age at the time of abortion for women in these three states. Evidence that county‐level attributes are related to access adds insight to the consequences for women when the landscape of abortion service delivery shifts. Integrating county of residence into research on access to abortion services may be critical to capturing disparities in access.
Aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography for suppression of multiple scattering and speckle
Authors: Liu Siyang , Lamont Michael R. E. , Mulligan Jeffrey A. , Adie Steven G. 
Published: September 2018

Multiple scattering is a major barrier that limits the optical imaging depth in scattering media. In order to alleviate this effect, we demonstrate aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography (AD-OCT), which exploits the phase correlation between the deterministic signals from single-scattered photons to suppress the random background caused by multiple scattering and speckle. AD-OCT illuminates the sample volume with diverse aberrated point spread functions, and computationally removes these intentionally applied aberrations. After accumulating 12 astigmatism-diverse OCT volumes, we show a 10 dB enhancement in signal-to-background ratio via a coherent average of reconstructed signals from a USAF target located 7.2 scattering mean free paths below a thick scattering layer, and a 3× speckle contrast reduction from an incoherent average of reconstructed signals inside the scattering layer. This AD-OCT method, when implemented using astigmatic illumination, is a promising approach for ultra-deep volumetric optical coherence microscopy.
THE PREPARATION OF FIBERS FOR CARDBOARD PRODUCTION
Authors: Мидуков (Midukov) Николай (Nikolaj) Петрович (Petrovich) , Ефремов (Efremov) Данил (Danil) Сергеевич (Sergeevich) , Куров (Kurov) Виктор (Viktor) Сергеевич (Sergeevich) , Смолин (Smolin) Александр (Аleksandr) Семёнович (Semyonovich) 
Published: September 2018

The article presents the data about the preparation of recovered paper using dry method. The objective of this method of fiber preparation is to reduce water and energy consumption as well as obtaining higher physical and mechanical characteristics of the cardboard. There is used a dispergator parts of which are constructed with 3D printer. After dry defibration, the purification is carried out. Acquired finely dispersed, refined material is used to produce the three-layer cardboard – test-liner. According to standard methodologies, there were determined such mechanical parameters of multi-layer test-liner as breaking length, bursting strength. Obtained results can be used to produce multi-layer testliner to reduce energy costs, as well as water consumption. As a result of this research, it turned out that using the method of preliminary dry dispersion of fibers, it becomes possible to reduce metal volume of the equipment as well as energy and water consumption. Previously, the mechanical grinding of recycled fibers was not carried out. Therefore the data presented in this article allow assess the cost of applying this method into the industry. The method of dry dispersion, which was carried out and studied in laboratory conditions, is not currently applied in the paper and cardboard industry of Russia, despite its advantages. In the future, it is planned to conduct repeated studies, with a view to the possible introduction of this method into the industry.
Überlegungen zur Reliabilität der Buchstabenschreibung in frühneuhochdeutschen Handschriften
Authors: Hübner Julia , Politt Katja , Schutzeichel Marc 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Reliability issues emerge when investigating initials in transcriptions of ENHG manuscripts. Our goal is to demonstrate how a methodological framework of reliability classes affects and facilitates the evaluation of annotated corpus data based on existing text editions. We hypothesize that deviant measurements in the capitalization of sentence-internal word tokens occur when reliability classes and the representativeness of allographs are accounted for. Our data, derived from SIGS project annotations, shows that the capitalization mapped per part of speech can be represented by the size of a set of allographs, thus pointing out the importance of the letter as discrete factor for each text of the corpus.
Dual frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate hematocrit for prognosis of dengue fever in Indian children
Authors: Devarasu Neelamegam , Sudha Gnanou Florence 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA noninvasive investigation to ascertain the hematocrit (HCT) or packed cell volume (PCV) was conducted on 44 hospitalized dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) subjects, male and female aged between 3 and 14 years using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Among the 44 subjects, 30 subjects were confirmed to be non-structural protein-1 (NS1) positive at the time of admission, whose blood investigations such as HCT level, platelet (PLT) count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level were taken for the classification of risk as low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) DHF. Electrical conductivity of blood reflects a linear correlation with HCT. To provide a better and more accurate estimate of HCT, a dual frequency method is proposed to calculate the conductivities of plasma and blood cells. The resistance at 100 kHz is used to estimate the conductivity of blood cells and the impedance at 5 kHz to estimate the conductivity of plasma. Statistical analysis reveals that the HCT estimated using the proposed dual frequency method shows a significant difference with a single frequency (50 kHz) estimate of HCT and also shows a good correlation with the blood investigation results. In addition, statistical analysis of the proposed method on different fever subjects indicates a significant difference with DHF.
Analyzing the capability of PSP, PCT and sCD25 to support the diagnosis of infection in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: García de Guadiana-Romualdo Luis , Jiménez-Santos Enrique , Cerezuela-Fuentes Pablo , Español-Morales Ignacio , Berger Mario , Esteban-Torrella Patricia , Hernando-Holgado Ana , Albaladejo-Otón María Dolores 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis of infection is essential for the initial management of cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenia (FN). In this study, we have evaluated two emerging infection biomarkers, pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and soluble receptor of interleukin 2, known as soluble cluster of differentiation 25 (sCD25), for the detection of an infectious cause in FN, in comparison with other commonly used infection biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT).

Methods
A total of 105 cancer patients presenting to the emergency department were prospectively enrolled. We observed 114 episodes of chemotherapy-associated FN. At presentation, a blood sample was collected for the measurement of PCT, PSP and sCD25. In order to evaluate the discriminatory ability of these markers for the diagnosis of infection, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves was calculated.

Results
Infection was documented in 59 FN episodes. PCT, PSP and sCD25 levels were significantly higher in infected patients. PCT was the biomarker with the highest diagnostic accuracy for infection (AUC: 0.901), whereas PSP and sCD25 showed a similar performance, with AUCs of 0.751 and 0.730, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, PCT and sCD25 were shown to be independently associated with infection.

Conclusions
Two novel biomarkers, PSP and sCD25, correlated with infection in cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated FN, but neither PSP nor sCD25 improved the performance of PCT. Based on the results obtained, the introduction of these novel biomarkers as a tool for the diagnosis of infection in this patient group is not recommended.
Operative und strategische Elemente einer leistungsfähigen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur in den Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Authors: Bug Mathias , Liebig Stefan , Oellers Claudia , Riphahn Regina T. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag skizziert vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussionen um den Aufbau einer nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) in Deutschland die Arbeitsweise und Merkmale des Rats für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (RatSWD). Im Mittelpunkt stehen die zwei zentralen Merkmale des RatSWD als unabhängiges Beratungsgremium von Datenproduzenten und wissenschaftlichen Datennutzenden einerseits und als organisatorischer Rahmen für ein dezentrales Netzwerk aus derzeit 31 akkreditierten Forschungsdatenzentren (FDZ) andererseits. Der RatSWD bildet damit den Rahmen für eine nutzergetriebene, nach außen sprechfähige und leistungsfähige, koordinierte Forschungsdateninfrastruktur in den Sozial-, Verhaltens- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften.
Die Forschungsdateninfrastruktur der Sozial-, Verhaltens- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften ist als bundesweites, verteiltes und wachsendes Netzwerk arbeitsteilig angelegt. Das Netzwerk koordiniert disziplinübergreifend die Archivierung und Bereitstellung einer Vielfalt von Forschungsdaten, befördert institutionellen Wissensaustausch und erarbeitet gemeinsame Standards. Der RatSWD widmet sich der Öffnung von weiteren Datenschätzen aus Verwaltung, Forschung und Wirtschaft für die unabhängige Wissenschaft und entwickelt übergeordnete Standards zu Themen wie Datenschutz, Forschungsethik und nachhaltiger Förderpolitik. Den empirisch Forschenden stehen dadurch eine Interessenvertretung nach außen sowie ein stetig wachsendes Angebot an qualitativ hochwertigen Datensätzen zur Verfügung.
Mechanical response of marble epistyles under shear: numerical analysis using an experimentally validated model
Authors: Pasiou Ermioni D. , Kourkoulis Stavros K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mechanical response of the restored “connections” of the epistyles of the Parthenon Temple on the Acropolis of Athens is studied assuming that the interconnected epistyles are under shear loading mode. The study is implemented by taking advantage of a numerical model, properly validated on the basis of the data of a recent relative experimental protocol. The main difficulty while studying the specific problem is the co-existence of three materials of completely different mechanical behaviors, i.e. the brittle marble of the epistyles, the ductile titanium of the connector and the cement-based material filling the grooves of the marble in which the connector is placed. The interfaces of this three-material-complex are simulated as simple contact with friction, the coefficient of which is, also, experimentally determined. Taking advantage of the data provided by the numerical model the stress field developed in the connector and the surrounding marble volume is described. Moreover, the forces imposed by the connector on the surface of the groove are quantitatively determined. Furthermore, the model permits a quantitative comparison between the mechanical response of the interconnected epistyles in the presence or in the absence of the “relieving space”. It is definitely concluded that the alternative design of the “connections”, according to which a small portion of the connector’s web is left uncovered by the filling material (relieving space), offers serious advantages against the traditional design, in the direction of reducing the intensity of the stress field developed in the marble volume surrounding the connector, thus, contributing to the protection of the authentic building material of the monument in the case of overloading of the epistyles.
The RCEP and the Changing Landscape of World Trade
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Pomfret Richard 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article provides a detailed economic and legal analysis of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with regard to foreign investment with the objective to give an assessment of the impact of this new treaty on investment policies and flows in the Asia-Pacific region. Part One analyzes recent foreign direct investment flows in the ASEAN+ 6 countries, focusing on sectors of rapid growth and participation in global value chains and offers an overview of the RCEP rules on investment from an economic and legal perspective. Part Two analyzes the impacts of deep integration agreements on investment, as in the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and RCEP’s rules on investment, with particular emphasis on the actual and potential role of small and medium-sized enterprises. The final section looks forward, with best case and plausible-scenario analysis of future impacts on FDI within RCEP, if deep integration progresses among the 16 countries.