bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of Sipjeondaebo-tang in Korean patients with cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet: A protocol for a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial
Authors: Ko Youme , Sun Seung-Ho , Han In-Sik , Go Ho-Yeon , Kim Tae-Hun , Lee Jin-Moo , Jang Jun-Bok , Park Kyoung Sun , Song Yun-Kyung , Lee Kyou-Young , Jeon Chan-Yong , Ko Seong-Gyu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet (CHHF) is frequent in Asian countries including Korea. The quality of life can be degraded by the symptoms of CHHF. In particular, gynecological disorders such as menstrual pain, infertility, leucorrhea, and irregular bleeding may be related to CHHF. Sipjeondaebo-tang(SDT) is widely used in the treatment of various diseases including CHHF by balancing Yin and Yang, restoring the deterioration of physiological function, and improving immunity. However, the efficacy of SDT in the treatment of CHHF has not been assessed in clinical trials. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of a full randomized clinical trial of SDT for the treatment of CHHF in Korean women through this trial.
Methods: This study will be a pilot, randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trial. Women aged 19-59 years who present with CHHF will be recruited from five university hospitals. A total of 60 subjects will be randomly assigned to a treatment group (SDT) or a placebo group at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects will receive 3 g of either SDT or placebo three times daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measures will be the Visual Analogue Scale scores of CHHF. The secondary outcome measures will be changes in body temperature in both the hands and the feet as measured by using a thermometer and the Korean version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version.
Discussion: This will be the first trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of SDT in the treatment of CHHF. This study will provide basic clinical information regarding Korean herbal medicine treatment of CHHF and a clinical basis for designing a full randomized clinical trial.
Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03374345. Registered on (15 February 2018).
Keywords: Herbal medicine, Cold Hypersensitivity, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Cold intolerance.
Coaching Program to Develop Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence: a Description of Experience
Authors: Tarwiyah Siti , Dewi Nuna Mustikawati , Widyaningrum Lulut 
Published: January 2019

The educational practices of Indonesian schools today are executed under the 2013 Curriculum. Although it has been implemented 5 years, problems of its realization are still found. It is partly due to insufficient knowledge and skills of teachers in terms of planning, implementing, assessing and evaluating a sequence learning processes. Coaching is one of professional development programs which may enhance teachers’ skill and will. It emphasizes on good relationship between the coach and the coachee so that they can work as coworkers so that it makes the coachee feel at ease to consult the problems of learning. This paper shares some experiences of a coaching program to develop 7 teachers’ pedagogical competence of 5 Islamic Junior High Schools in Semarang. The implementation covers assessing needs, developing materials, designing assessment, presenting materials, implementing the materials, and making reflection.
Development of a prototype of multi-agent system of network interaction of educational institutions
Authors: Telnov Yu. F. , Danilov A. V. , Diveev R. I. , Kazakov V. A. , Yaroshenko E. V. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the researchis to develop a prototype of the intelligent multi-agent system for dynamic interaction of the intelligent agents in the integrated information and educational space to solve the problem of formation of joint educational programs by several educational institutions.Materials and methods.In modern conditions of digital transformation of education the organization of network training of students on dynamically formed educational programs in accordance with the needs of the labor market and the individual requirements of students is becoming increasingly important. It is proposed to develop a software platform based on intelligent multi-agent technology for flexible integration of educational resources and implementation of joint educational programs by several interacting educational institutions. As a basis for the development of the software prototype architecture, the specifications of the developer community for the standardization of agent technologies FIPA (the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents), and the software tool environment – JADE framework (Java Agent Development Network) were chosen.Results.The paper presents the architecture of intelligent multi-agent system for network interaction of educational institutions in the integrated information and educational space, which allows to dynamically forming educational programs in accordance with the requested professional competencies. The structure of the ontology of information and educational space, providing the interaction of intelligent agents, is justified, and the mechanism of its display from the OWL format to the format of the tool environment JADE, using the plugin Protege is described. The description of the software prototype, the structure of intelligent agents in the JADE format and the technology of agent interaction, based on the FIPA protocols in the process of educational programs formation is presented.Conclusion.The implementation of the multi-agent system prototype for network interaction of educational institutions allows you to quickly create educational programs in accordance with individual and group learning trajectories under the specific formed professional competence. The presented software prototype with some modification can be used for other subject areas of the digital economy, involving the dynamic formation of network structures of interaction for business partners.
Endothelial Activation and Oxidative Stress in Neurovascular Defects of the Retina
Authors: Lenin Raji , Thomas Samuel M. , Gangaraju Rajashekhar 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The eye is considered as a window of the disease, and a better understanding of neurodegenerative
changes in the eye may help diagnose and manage neurodegenerative diseases including the diseases
of brain, heart, kidney and liver. In the eye, the blood retinal barrier (BRB] is maintained by a combination of
endothelial cells, pericytes, and glia. This BRB integrity is fundamental to the physiology of retinal cellular
function and accurate vision. The role of endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of endothelial activation in the
initiation and prolongation of neurovascular diseases of the retina is emerging.

Methods:
The observations made in this article are a result of our research over the years in the subject matter and
also based on a literature search using PubMed with keywords including but not limited to endothelial,
permeability, oxidative stress, ROS, TNF-α, retina, injury, and neurodegeneration. Several studies were identified
that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, published studies support an association between endothelial activation,
inflammation and oxidative stress in retinal diseases. Although the selection of specific endothelial activation
biomarkers in the retina is less clear, there is an increased association between inflammation in the severity of
diabetic retinopathy. Studies in other clinically relevant studies demonstrated a strong association of endothelial
activation to alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, pericyte integrity, microglial activation,
neutrophil extracellular traps and elevated plasma concentrations of TNF-α.

Conclusion:
The compromise in BRB as a consequence of the neurovascular unit in the retinal tissue has gained a
lot of attention and studies addressing these should result in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of
retinal diseases. Although there are no specific retinal markers of endothelial activation and inflammation, future
studies using specific models that display endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidative stress likely yield
better understanding on the cause or effect relationship of endothelial activation in retinal diseases.
Comparative Study of Femur Bone Having Different Boundary Conditions and Bone Structure Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Chethan K.N. , Zuber Mohammad , Bhat Shyamasunder N. , Shenoy Satish B. 
Published: January 2019

Background:Femur bone is an important part in human which basically gives stability and support to carry out all day to day activities. It carries loads from upper body to lower abdomen.Objective:In this work, the femur having composite structure with cortical, cancellous and bone marrow cavity is bisected from condyle region with respect to 25%, 50% and 75% of its height. There is considerable difference in the region chosen for fixing all degrees of freedom in the analysis of femur.Methods:The CT scans are taken, and 3D model is developed using MIMICS. The developed model is used for static structural analysis by varying the load from 500N to 3000N.Results:The findings for 25% bisected femur model report difference in directional deformation less than 5% for loads 2000N and less. In the study comparing fully solid bone and the composite bone, the total deformation obtained for a complete solid bone was 3.5 mm which was 18.7% less than that determined for the composite bone.Conclusion:The standardization for fixing the bone is developed. And it is required to fix the distal end always with considering full femur bone.
Methodical approaches to the economic assessment of costs in the operation of cars with axial load of 27 tons at the section Kachkanar—Smychka
Authors: Granovskaya G. A. , Safonova A. I. , Suslov O. A. , Okhotnikov N. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The most important direction of increasing the efficiency of rail transportation is to increase the load-carrying capacity of freight cars as a result of an increase in axial loads. New car 12-9548-01 with improved technical characteristics has an axial load of 27 tons. The article describes method of calculating the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of cars with an axial load of 27 tons on the roadbed during transportation in estimated cars compared to transportation in equivalent cars. Algorithms for calculating changes in the cost of fuel and energy costs for train traction and maintenance of the track infrastructure on the site during the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons are given, as well as methods for determining the initial data for the calculation.Authors provide values of the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of vertical and horizontal forces on the railway line when passing freight cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to analogue cars, and the coefficient of change of the main specific resistance to motion separately for loaded and empty cars.Developed calculation algorithms and methods for obtaining baseline data allow an economic assessment of changes in infrastructure maintenance costs and fuel and energy resources for the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to those formed from cars with a load of 23.5 tons at the experimental section Kachkanar—Smychka.The cost change assessment carried out in 2017 shows a generally definite economic effect, while there is a reduction in costs associated with the consumption of electricity for train traction as a result of the operation of the estimated cars in the experimental section and an increase in the cost of maintaining the track superstructure and the roadbed, which is quite expected for the conditions of the organization of traffic with increased axial loads.
Analysis of the Interaction between Dividend Policy and Firm Performance in Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Singh Jha Shankar Kumar , Aziz Usama 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate internal determinant factors of dividend policy in manufacturing firms. The study considers the impact of dividend payout ratio, signalling, earnings per share and risk on firm performance. This research also tries to create a link between dividend policy and firm performance. In the same way, the research is also aimed to create a link between these factors. Such as, the current link between the dividend policy and firm performance. It will elaborate this through current and previous studies as a whole. This study used primary data from the listed manufacturing firms in order to check the effects of dividend policy on firm performance. Data was collected from the primary source. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data from top management in order to highlight the impact of dividend policy on firm performance. Multi-regression analyses were undertaken to identify attributes that influence dividend policy. The results of the study demonstrate that all the variables are significant thus they have a positive impact on firm performance. The study established the findings that dividend payout, earning per share, signalling and risk positively and significantly influence the firmâ€™s value. Moreover, companies should consider dividend policy in order to make the financial decision more efficiently. This study tells us that decisions about dividend policy should be made by considering other variables. The study has both practical and theoretical implication for top management in order to consider the dividend policy and its impact on firm performance.
ANALISIS AIR SUMUR BOR DESA PEKAN BANDAR KHALIFAH KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI BERDASARKAN KUALITAS FISIKA DAN KIMIA
Authors: Manurung Donita , Ginting Eva Marlina 
Published: January 2019

Air bersih merupakan air yang dipergunakan untuk keperluan sehari-hari dan kualitasnya memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan air bersih sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan dapat diminum apabila dimasak. Maka dalam hal ini, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sumur bor yang berada pada Desa Pekan Bandar Khalifah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai berdasarkan parameter fisik dan kimia dan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran air sumur bor tersebut. Metode analisis air dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil observasi terhadap parameter baku mutu air minum menurut PERMENKES No.492 Tahun 2010 mengenai Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan mengambil air sumur bor dari sepuluh sumur bor dengan mengukur Kekeruhan, Zat Padat Terlarut, Tingkat Keasaman (pH) dan kandungan unsur Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn), Sulfat (SO4) dan Nitrit (NO2) yang terkandung dalam air sumur bor tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan untuk jumlah parameter yang melampaui baku mutu air minum yakni parameter besi (Fe), pH dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu air di kawasan Desa Pekan Bandar Khalifah tergolong dalam air dengan tingkat tercemar ringan yang memerlukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dikonsumsi dengan cemar maksimum sebesar 2,21 dan cemar minimum sebesar 1,03.Kata Kunci : Air Sumur Bor, Kualitas Air, Parameter Fisika, Parameter Kimia.
Interjections Functioned as Pragmatic Markers and Given/ New Information
Authors: Aryanti Maya Lisa 
Published: January 2019

The purposes of this research are to find out the functions of the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers and what they indicate to, to find out which information the interjections denote and to find out how many functions the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers possibly have. The data are five different interjections taken from five different novels. The results of this research are concerning to the functions of the interjections functioned as pragmatic markers. Generally, the functions are utterance initial, attention marker and a response signal. Further, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers take form as attitude, feelings or both. The interjections denote given/old information, new information and both. The last result is that it is possible for interjections to have more than one function. To sum up, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers have roles and forms in discourses. In addition, interjections functioned as pragmatic markers denote information.
An Investigation of Proxemic Behavior among Acehnese in Public Places
Authors: Setiyana Rusma , Ismail Nyak Mutia , Rahma Endah Annisa , Husna Faizatul 
Published: January 2019

It is assumed that Acehnese do not make use of personal space during interactions. This study aims to investigate the proximity levels used by Acehnese people when communicating with other people. The observation approach was used to collect data with people who were in natural interaction in public places as the participant. The data were pictured and kept anonymous in regards of ethical codes maintained in research. The results show that there are three conditions obtained from this study. First, mostly, Acehnese people use intimate level of proximity, which is less than 0.46 meter eventhough when they are interacting with strangers. However, this condition only applies if the interactions taking place is male-male interactions or female-female interactions. Second, in a condition where the stranger interaction is male-female, the proximity employed by the people is in the level of personal—which is 1.2 meter. Lastly, men maintained farther distance compared to women. In conclusion, the farthest proximity level that Acehnese applied was social level (1.2 m to 3.7 m); yet, the main influencing factor is genders.
PACA (Predicting And Confirming Activity) Reading Strategies to Promote Students’ Teaching Strategy in TEFL 1 Class
Authors: Ambarini Ririn , Sumardiyani Listyaning , Wardoyo Subur Laksmono 
Published: January 2019

This research is based on the study which is attempted to examine the use of PACA reading strategies to promote students’ teaching strategies in TEFL 1 class. The objectives of this study are (1) To find out the students’ teaching strategies in TEFL I class before using PACA reading strategies, (2) To find out the significant difference between the students who use PACA reading strategies and those who do not use PACA reading strategies in their capability of teaching strategies in TEFL I class. The population of this study is the fifth semester students of English Department in PGRI University of Semarang. There are six classes of TEFL I class in English Department and two classes are taken as the sample of the study. The classes are 5G and 5H. They are divided into the experimental class (5G) and the control group (5H). The result of the study shows that the students in the experimental class which were taught by using the technique of PACA Reading strategies to promote their teaching strategies had better achievement than the students in the control group which were taught without using the technique of PACA reading strategies. The average score of the pre-test of the experimental class was 76.72 and the control class was 72.85. The average score of the experimental class was 81.98 and the control class was 72.85. The pre-test and the post-test score then were calculated to get the t-test to know whether there was significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. The t-test was 0.47 and the t-table was 0.213. Then the t-test and t-table were compared. The data shows that the t-test was higher than the t-table. It means that there was significant difference between the experimental class and the control class.
THE REALIZATION OF IDEATIONAL MEANINGS IN THE STUDENTS' RECOUNTS
Authors: Mulatsih Sri 
Published: January 2019

English Department Students of Faculty of Languages and
Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University usually have difficulties in writing English Texts. Those difficulties deal with the way to organize ideational meaning in their texts. Based on that fact. this study was conducted to know the realization of ideational meaning in the students' texts. especially recounts. The data were taken from the students' recounts and for the sake of this study. 10 recounts were chosen as the data to analyze the data. Halliday and Matthiessen 's framework (1999) was applied to get a deep understanding of Ideational Meaning. The result shows that in organizing the Ideational Meanings
in their recounts. the students used sequences figures. the elements of figures: Process. Participant, and Circumstances; and the realization of those elements in lexicogrammar. Kinds
of sequences (clause complexes) the student mostly made
in their recount are enhancement, and extension Elaboration, locution or idea have lower portion compared to the two sequences mentioned above. Four kinds offigures arefound in
the students recounts. Those are figure of doing (material and
behavioral processes), figure of sensing (mental process). figure of saying (verbal process), and figure of being (relational: attributive. identifying) process. and existential process). Among the four figures mentioned above, figures
of doing (material processes) with actor and goal as the
key participants dominate in all texts. 112 circumstances (circumstances of time, place. manner, matter, and circumstances are realized in simple and macro circumstances. The number of macro circumstances is higher than that of simple ones. Sincepersonal recount is a text telling someone's past experience, the realization of participants in their recounts are mostly conscious
simple things. Simple qualities only exist in relational (attributive) process. The processes are mostly realized in polar non- phrasal verbs in past tense.

accompaniment) are found in the students' recounts. Those
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Mustamin St. Hasmiah 
Published: January 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan alat peraga dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar matematika materi pecahan pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri IKIP 1 Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, angket, dokumentasi, dan wawancara, jumlah sampel sebanyak 45 siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk memperoleh informasi tentang persepsi siswa terhadap peranan alat peraga dalam pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa, (1) rata-rata siswa kelas V SD Negeri IKIP 1 Makassar setuju jika alat peraga mempunyai peranan dalam pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan, (2) persentase skor tingkat kesulitan siswa kelas V SD Negeri IKIP 1 Makassar dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pecahan sebelum menggunakan alat peraga sebanyak 60% siswa sulit menyelesaikan soal-soal pecahan dan setelah menggunakan alat peraga sebanyak 64,44% siswa dengan mudah menyelesaikan soal-soal pecahan.AbstractThe study was aimed at determining the use of teaching media in overcoming the mathematical learning difficulties of fractions at the fifth grade students of IKIP 1 Makassar State Elementary School. The study was descriptive research by employing tests, questionnaires, documentation, and interviews as data collection techniques, a total sample of 45 students. Descriptive analysis was utilized to obtain information on students’ perceptions of the role of teaching media in mathematical learning of fraction materials. The results of the study obtained, that: (1) the fifth grade students of IKIP 1 Makassar State Elementary School on the average agreed that the teaching media had a role in the mathematical learning of fractional material, (2) the percentage score of the difficulty level of the fifth grade students of IKIP 1 Makassar State Elementary School in overcoming the fraction problems before using the teaching media was 60% and 64.44% of students found it difficult and easy to solve fractionquestions respectively.