bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablative, Endovascular, and Biliary Interventions for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hevert Elizabeth Anne C. , Howser Collin G. , Gould Michael L. , Brown Daniel B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterventional radiologists have multiple points of involvement in the treatment and management of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There is increasing interest in cytoreductive treatment of the primary tumor as well as metastatic disease via arterial and ablative techniques. The focus of this article is on the current evidence for pancreatic irreversible electroporation. For patients undergoing curative surgery or terminal palliation, interventional radiology can manage complications and symptoms. In this article, therapeutic and palliative options in this group of patients including postoperative embolization, biliary drainage, and stent placement are reviewed.
Update on Preoperative Embolization of Bone Metastases
Authors: Ma Jingqin , Tullius Thomas , Van Ha Thuong G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManagement of patients with bone metastasis is complex and should include different specialties. Goals of therapy should be identified for each individual patient prior to the start of treatment. Preoperative embolization has generally been considered a safe and effective means of reducing intraoperative blood loss with recent studies and advances in technique reported. Update on indications, contraindications, technique, and efficacy, as well as prognostic factors and complications of preoperative embolization of bone metastases will be reviewed. New trends such as transradial arterial access and usage of liquid embolic agents will be discussed. Large tumor size, increased preprocedural tumor vascularity, longer embolization-to-surgery interval, and radical surgical procedures are associated with greater intraoperative blood loss and prolonged operative time. An accurate, noninvasive method to evaluate tumor vascularity prior to angiography is needed to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from preoperative embolization. Particular attention will be paid to skeletal metastases and spinal metastases as each has its own set of complexity.
Lung Ablation: Indications and Techniques
Authors: Tafti Bashir Akhavan , Genshaft Scott , Suh Robert , Abtin Fereidoun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLung ablation is ever more recognized since its initial report and use almost two decades ago. With technological advancements in thermal modalities, particularly microwave ablation and cryoablation, better identification of the cohort of patients who best benefit from ablation, and understanding the role of imaging after ablation, image-guided thermal ablation for primary and secondary pulmonary malignancies is increasingly recognized and accepted as a cogent form of local therapy.
“Who Is Doing My Surgery?” Patient Preferences Regarding Trainee Involvement in Surgical Care
Authors: Moore Daniel B. , Harris David J. , Coyne Laura , Kryscio Richard J. , Kang Qiwen , Davis Marla 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose There are no uniform standards to inform patients to what extent trainees are involved in their care. This may lead to inequities in sharing the potential risks associated with receiving care in an academic setting. This study was designed to determine patients' level of knowledge of the medical education system, their preferences regarding who provides treatment, and how strongly they would react if they found certain members of the care team were involved without their consent.
Design This study is a prospective, nonrandomized, and observational survey of a convenience sample.
Methods Consecutive patients referred for a cataract surgery evaluation to the Veteran's Affairs Ophthalmology Department in Lexington, KY between 2015 and 2017 were recruited.
Results Ninety-six of 113 eligible patients (response rate 85%) completed the survey. About 33, 69, 33, and 49% of respondents recognized an intern, resident, fellow, and attending as a doctor, respectively. Three quarters (76.1%) felt it was important to be asked permission in advance of a resident assisting or performing surgery, and 21% indicated they would go elsewhere if they found that a resident would assist in, or perform their surgery. About 21, 21, and 58% of respondents would be upset or very upset if a resident was in the operating room, assisted in, or performed surgery without their permission, respectively.
Conclusion This survey demonstrates an overall willingness of this specific, largely confined patient population to receive supervised care from training physicians provided they are fully informed and educated on the role of those involved in their care.
Macrosomic Newborns Delivered at Term after Labor among Nondiabetic Women: Maternal and Neonatal Morbidities
Authors: Chen Han-Yang , Chauhan Suneet P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare morbidities among nonmacrosomic versus macrosomic singleton live births of nondiabetic women who labored.
Study Design This retrospective study utilized the 2003 revision of U.S. birth certificate data of singleton live births (2011–2013) at 37 to 41 weeks who labored. The primary outcomes were composite maternal and neonatal morbidities (CMM and CNM, respectively). We compared these outcomes by birth weight, 2,500 to 3,999 g (group 1; reference), 4,000 to 4,449 g (group 2), and 4,500 to 5,999 g (group 3). We used multivariable Poisson regression analyses to examine the association between birth weight groups and the outcomes.
Results Among 6,691,338 live births, 92.0% were in group 1, 7.1% in group 2, and 0.9% in group 3. The overall CMM and CNM rates were 4.4 and 6.8 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Compared with group 1, the risk of CMM was significantly higher in group 2 (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–1.56) and group 3 (aRR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.82–2.19). Likewise, the risk of CNM was significantly higher in group 2 (aRR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.33–1.43) and group 3 (aRR = 2.57; 95% CI: 2.40–2.75) than in group 1.
Conclusion Nondiabetic women who labor with a macrosomic newborns have a significantly higher rate of adverse outcomes than nonmacrosomic.
Lower olefins from methane: recent advances
Authors: Kolesnichenko Natalya V. , Ezhova Natalya N. , Snatenkova Yulya M. 
Published: August 2019

Modern methods for methane conversion to lower olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule are generalized. Multistage processing of methane into ethylene and propylene via syngas or methyl chloride and methods for direct conversion of CH4 to ethylene are described. Direct conversion of syngas to olefins as well as indirect routes of the process via methanol or dimethyl ether are considered. Particular attention is paid to innovative methods of olefin synthesis. Recent achievements in the design of catalysts and development of new techniques for efficient implementation of oxidative coupling of methane and methanol conversion to olefins are analyzed and systematized. Advances in commercializing these processes are pointed out. Novel catalysts for Fischer – Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins from syngas and for innovative technique using oxide – zeolite hybrid catalytic systems are described. The promise of a new route to lower olefins by methane conversion via dimethyl ether is shown. Prospects for the synthesis of lower olefins via methyl chloride and using non-oxidative coupling of methane are discussed. The most efficient processes used for processing of methane to lower olefins are compared on the basis of degree of conversion of carbonaceous feed, possibility to integrate with available full-scale production, number of reaction stages and thermal load distribution.
The bibliography includes 346 references.
Commuting homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations
Authors: Matveev D. A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Let

be an affine algebraic variety endowed with an action of complexity one of an algebraic torus

. It is well known that homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations on the algebra of regular functions

can be described in terms of proper polyhedral divisors corresponding to the

-variety

. We prove that homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations commute if and only if a certain combinatorial criterion holds. These results are used to describe actions of unipotent groups of dimension two on affine

-varieties.
Bibliography: 10 titles.
Ion-Acoustic Rogue Waves in Multi-ion Plasmas*
Authors: Hassan M. , Rahman M. H. , Chowdhury N. A. , Mannan A. , Mamun A. A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The basic properties of nonlinear ion-acoustic (IA) waves (IAWs), particularly finite amplitude IA rogue waves (IARWs) in a plasma medium (containing pair ions, iso-thermal positrons, and non-thermal electrons) are theoretically investigated by deriving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The criteria for the modulational instability of IAWs, and the basic features of finite amplitude IARWs are identified. The modulationally stable and unstable regions are determined by the sign of the ratio of the dispersive coefficient to the nonlinear coefficient of NLSE. The latter is analyzed to obtain the region for the existence of the IARWs, which corresponds to the unstable region. The shape of the profile of the rogue waves depends on the non-thermal parameter α and the ratio of electron temperature to positron temperature. It is found that the increase in the value of the non-thermal parameter enhances both the amplitude and width of IARWs, and that the enhancement of electron (positron) temperature reduces (enhances) the amplitude and width of IARWs. It is worth to mention that our present investigation may be useful for understanding the salient features of IARWs in space (viz., upper region of Titan’s atmosphere, cometary comae, and Earth’s ionosphere, etc.) and laboratory (viz., plasma processing reactor and neutral beam sources, etc.) plasmas.
Spectral Characterization of Couplings in a Mixed Optomechanical Model*
Authors: Zhou Yue-Hui , Zou Fen , Fang Xi-Ming , Huang Jin-Feng , Liao Jie-Qiao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We study the spectrum of single-photon emission and scattering in a mixed optomechanical model which consists of both linear and quadratic optomechanical interactions. The spectra are calculated based on the exact long-time solutions of the single-photon emission and scattering processes in this system. We find that there exist some phonon sideband peaks in the spectra and there are some sub peaks around the phonon sideband peaks under proper parameter conditions. The correspondence between the spectral features and the optomechanical interactions is confirmed, and the optomechanical coupling strengths can be inferred by analyzing the resonance peaks and dips in the spectra.
Comparative Study of Light Manipulation in Three-Level Systems Via Spontaneously Generated Coherence and Relative Phase of Laser Fields*
Authors: Bang Nguyen Huy , Anh Le Nguyen Mai , Dung Nguyen Tien , Van Doai Le 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We present a comparative study of the control of group velocity in three-level atomic systems including Λ-, Ladder-, and V-types via spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and relative phase of laser fields. In the steady regime, expressions of group index are derived as an analytical function of controllable parameters related to SGC and relative phase. It is shown that the group velocity can be further slowed down or speeded up under SGC in which modifications of group velocity due to the SGC in Λ- and V-systems are stronger than that in Ladder-system. In particular, when interference strength of SGC p increases from 0.7 to 1.0, the light propagation is switched from superluminal to subluminal modes (for Λ- and Ladder-systems) or from subluminal to superluminal modes (for V-system). In the presence of relative phase, the group velocity changes between subluminal and superluminal modes with a period of 2π. In resonant region, the largest positive value of group index reaches at the relative phase φ = π while the largest negative value of group index reaches at φ = 0 and 2π for the Λ- and Ladder-systems, otherwise, for the V-system the largest positive group index occurs at φ = 0 and 2π, and the largest negative group index occurs at φ = π.
Supervised Deep Learning in High Energy Phenomenology: a Mini Review*
Authors: Abdughani Murat , Ren Jie , Wu Lei , Yang Jin-Min , Zhao Jun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Deep learning, a branch of machine learning, has been recently applied to high energy experimental and phenomenological studies. In this note we give a brief review on those applications using supervised deep learning. We first describe various learning models and then recapitulate their applications to high energy phenomenological studies. Some detailed applications are delineated in details, including the machine learning scan in the analysis of new physics parameter space, the graph neural networks in the search of top-squark production and in the CP measurement of the top-Higgs coupling at the LHC.
Externalities of clean energy technologies: A study
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Panigrahi Chinmoy K , Samanta Sasmita 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The sustainability of any system can be explained Carnot principle. The manmade devices / systems are consuming natural resources mass, R, combination of air, water and fuel. After proper operations, the devices / systems rejected waste mass, W into the eco-system. Applications of Carnot principle indicated that ecological efficiency (ηEco) in this case is

[
1
−

W
R

]
×
100
%

and if W is not digested or recycled through natural system, then ηEco has a tendency towards zero and will trigger back to the ecological system and raised the question for sustainability of eco-systems. One of the consequences of W on the eco-system is the smog formation at the beginning of winter morning over the urban surroundings. The smog causes major problems in respiration, visibility and ultimately affects mobility. The possible reason behind smog formation is the condensation of gas and particulates at dawn time emitted from burning of bio-mass and fossil fuels. The condensation gets delayed due to the urban heat islanding (UHI) effect generated by the built-in-systems. The condensation diffuses with raise in ambience temperature from sun shine. This paper delves an analysis on the cause and effect of UHI and impact of clean mobility in diffusing the smog effect.
Study on Lighting -Heating-Electricity Coupled Energy Saving Potential for STPV Window in Southwest China
Authors: Tian Hao , Zhang Wei , Xie Lingzhi , Wu Yupeng , Sun Yanyi , Wang Wei , Chen Mo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is an important application of solar cells. In this paper, the experiments were conducted to test the performance of photovoltaic panels installed in buildings. The experiments were carried out in Chengdu, Southwest China which located in climate zone of hot summer and cold winter. The real-time power generation, the simultaneous generation of heat and the impact on indoor lighting are important factors for building energy consumption. Two identical rooms were built up as experimental units, and one of which was fitted with amorphous silicon PV windows, and another was fitted with conventical window. According to the test results, it can be seen that, the PV film windows could save the 30% building load on typical sunny days, and provide additional 0.41 kWh/per day.
Study on the flow and heat transfer in a thermal shielding radiator
Authors: Sun Feiyang , Wu Yiqiang , Xie Fubo , Qian Peng , Liu Minghou 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A thermal shielding radiator, which has an extra cuboid cavity between channels and sealplate, is proposed to achieve a large temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces and high temperature uniformity on the cold surface. To get uniform distribution of the flow inside each channel, the thermal shielding radiator with different inlet/outlet types (namely C-, Z-, Y- and I-type) are numerically simulated. It is found that I-type has the best performance in velocity uniformity. Due to the cavity, the temperature difference between two sides of the thermal shielding radiator improves significantly. Besides, the mini-channel with equidifferent fin thickness is also proposed, and more uniform flow and the temperature distribution on the cold surface are achieved. Moreover, effect of geometry, operating parameters on the flow and heat transfer performance for both the thermal shielding radiator and the heat radiator are studied and compared.
Solar-air hybrid source heat pump water heater: Performance characterization and comparison analysis
Authors: Cai Jingyong , Ji Jie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Heat pump water heater(HPWH) can yield great energy saving for commercial and residential appliance. To enable the HPWH maintain efficient operation under diverse circumstances, the solar-air hybrid source heat pump water heater has been proposed. The configurations of solar-air series type, air-solar series type and solar-air parallel type have been discussed and compared in this paper. The dynamic model has been developed to identify the impacts of solar irradiation and environmental temperature. The results show that the solar-air hybrid source heat pump water heater can guarantee efficient operation under the ambient temperature of 10°C and solar irradiation of 100W/m2, with the average COPs of 2.68 for solar-air series type HPWH, 2.71 for air-solar series type HPWH and 2.69 for solar-air parallel type HPWH. The rise of ambient temperature can improve the evaporating capacity and condensing capacity leading to the increase of power consumption and COP for each type of solar-air hybrid source heat pump water heater. With the rise of solar irradiation, the heat gain at evaporation side increases leading to the rise of condensing capacity and COP. The air-solar series type HPWH can achieve the highest COP under a range of working conditions and solarair parallel type HPWH can provide the highest condensing capacity under lower solar irradiation.
Movable insulation in building integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (BiSPVT) system
Authors: Mishra G K , Tiwari G N , Bhatti T S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The BiSPVT system involves an integration of semi-transparent photovoltaic (SPV) modules with buildings along with the provision of harvesting thermal energy. The system generates electrical and thermal energy for the building as well as provides day-lighting. However, during summer season the production of thermal energy is higher and thermal demand is lesser as compared to winter season. Also, the higher thermal energy production is unfavourable for the generation of electrical energy by SPV modules. The use of movable insulation (MI) on glazed wall can be one of the method to reduce the thermal energy generation. In this paper, a thermal model has been developed for BiSPVT system and the effect of MI on thermal performance of the system is studied. The energy balance equations are obtained for the inclined SPV modules (top), reinforced cement concrete (RCC) floor (bottom), air of room (SPV modules, floor and four brick/glazed side walls). The room temperature and SPV cell temperature are derived as a function of a) climatic parameters (solar irradiance and ambient temperature), b) design parameters and c) heat transfer coefficients by using the energy balance equations. It is found that by using MI with less or no air cavity thickness, the temperature of room has reduced by 1.93°C. However, the effect of MI on SPV cell temperature is marginal. The proposed model can be utilized to evaluate cell and room temperatures for BiSPVT system installed at different places of the world provided solar irradiance and ambient temperature of that place are known.
Integrating Models of Atmospheric Dispersion and Crop-Pest Dynamics: Linking Detection of Local Aphid Infestations to Forecasts of Region-Wide Invasion of Cereal Crops
Authors: Koralewski Tomasz E , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Grant William E , Brewer Michael J , Elliott Norman C , Westbrook John K , Szczepaniec Adrianna , Knutson Allen , Giles Kristopher L , Michaud J P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Invasive airborne insects pose major challenges in natural resource and agriculture management, as they can rapidly spread over large distances and cross physical boundaries. Field monitoring and local management are important tools to prevent and control infestations but require additional coordination to be operative region-wide. Computational modeling techniques have been effective in simulating local population dynamics and in capturing spread of invasive species on a regional scale. We use an integrated ecological model to simulate local and regional infestation dynamics of sugarcane aphids, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (family Poaceae), in the southern to central Great Plains of the United States. Local dynamics of aphid populations on sorghum are simulated by a spatially explicit, individual-based model, whereas regional aphid migration is simulated by an atmospheric model that computes inert air particle (aphid) transport, dispersion, and deposition. Simulation results indicate timing of initial infestations in the south affects spatiotemporal patterns of infestation throughout the region. Probability of local infestations is a function of both percentage of land occupied by growing sorghum and prevailing winds. Thus, due to availability of sorghum, relatively later dates of initial infestation in the south will probably lead to infestations farther north that become established more quickly following the first appearance of aphids in the south. The model we present, in coordination with field monitoring schemes, could be applied as a forecasting tool in region-wide pest management systems.
Parental responses to increasing levels of handicapping in a burying beetle
Authors: Ratz Tom , Nichol Thomas W , Smiseth Per T 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParental care is highly variable, reflecting that parents make flexible decisions about how much care to provide in response to variation in the cost and/or benefit of care. Handicapping has traditionally been used as a tool for increasing the energetic cost of care, thereby inducing a reduction in care by handicapped parents. However, recent evidence shows that handicapped parents sometimes provide more care, suggesting that handicapping can trigger terminal investment. Here, we investigate responses to different levels of handicapping in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides by comparing handicapped female parents fitted with a wide range of handicaps, as well as control females without a handicap. We found that handicapped females spent more time provisioning food and less time being absent from the crypt than control females, while there was no effect of the level of handicapping among handicapped females. We found no effect of handicapping on larval begging behavior, larval performance (mean larval mass and brood size at dispersal), or female investment in future reproduction (i.e., weight gain while breeding and life span after breeding). Our findings provide no support for the widely held assumption that handicapping simply increases the cost of care. Instead, our results are consistent with the suggestion that handicapping triggers terminal investment by suppressing the condition of parents below the threshold at which terminal investment is triggered.