bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on productive performance, immunity, antioxidation and serum metabolism in Holstein cows
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Jiang Zhiguo , Fu Tong , Wang Linfeng , Li Gaiying , Lian Hongxia , Zhang Liyang , Gao Tengyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) in dairy cows and its metabolic mechanism. Thirty Holstein cows weighing 550 ± 25 kg, 200 ± 15 days of lactation and calving 2–3 times were randomly divided into three groups, ten cows in each group. Different doses of α-LA were added based on body weight: 0 (CTL), 30 (LA-L) and 60 (LA-H) mg/kg per head per day; 7 days adaptation period, 30 days formal period. Milk production was recorded daily during the test period. Milk and blood samples were collected on the last day. ELISA kits and automatic biochemical analyser were used to detect the indicators in blood; serum metabolites were detected and analysed by non-target metabolomics. The results of the study showed that the addition of α-LA significantly increased milk yield; blood concentrations for HDL, triglyceride, cortisol and triiodothyronine were significantly elevated; and levels of glutathione reductase and nitric oxide synthase were significantly reduced in LA-L group as compared to CTL group. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, IgG and IgA were significantly higher after supplementation with α-LA. Metabolomics analysis revealed 13 and 15 differential metabolites each in positive or negative modes. Methylmalonic acid levels were significantly higher following α-LA supplementation compared to CTL group, as were D-lactose, D-maltose and oleanolic acid levels in LA-L group. In summary, α-LA can enhance milk production, improve antioxidant capacity and immunity, and is more beneficial for animal production and economic benefits at 30 mg/kg.
Representations in design computing through 3-D deep generative models
Authors: Çakmak Başak , Öngün Cihan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to explore alternative representations of the physical architecture using its real-world sensory data through artificial neural networks (ANNs). In the project developed for this research, a detailed 3-D point cloud model is produced by scanning a physical structure with LiDAR. Then, point cloud data and mesh models are divided into parts according to architectural references and part-whole relationships with various techniques to create datasets. A deep learning model is trained using these datasets, and new 3-D models produced by deep generative models are examined. These new 3-D models, which are embodied in different representations, such as point clouds, mesh models, and bounding boxes, are used as a design vocabulary, and combinatorial formations are generated from them.
Peer socialization processes in the development of callous-unemotional traits
Authors: Perhamus Gretchen R. , Ostrov Jamie M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits represent a risk factor for persistent, severe levels of externalizing problems. Irritability may predict the development of CU traits for some individuals, who are thought to acquire them in reaction to negative environmental experiences. Models on the development of CU traits have emphasized the socializing role of harsh parenting to the neglect of negative peer experiences. The present study 1) tested primary and alternative models of physical and relational peer victimization as socialization agents in relations between irritability and CU traits; and 2) considered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis functioning as a moderator of these associations. Gender moderation was also considered. Aims were tested from middle childhood to adolescence using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which includes a large national sample (N = 1,077) and multiple methods and informants for the constructs of interest. Positive associations between irritability, peer victimization, and CU traits were supported, with indirect effects on CU traits supported specifically from peer victimization through increases in irritability. Associations between relational victimization, irritability, and CU traits may be particularly salient for females, whose experiences have been neglected to date. However, effects were small, and replication efforts are needed.
‘Il paese dei campanili’: On the Origins of Italian Operetta
Authors: Oliva Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Operetta, with its well-structured production systems, constituted a dynamic sphere of activity that stretched across Unified Italy. This activity was rarely acknowledged by the representatives of so-called ‘high culture’, even as it stimulated the growth of the social structures that would later give rise to cinema and other forms of mass entertainment. Though in recent years scholars have focused on the foreign influences on light music theatre in Italy in the years following Italian unification, little attention has been bestowed on Italian operetta. This article concentrates on the origins of this genre, offering a detailed analysis of the dialect theatre tradition from which the first French-style operetta productions in Italy emerged. Specifically, I examine the urban contexts of Milan and above all Rome, a city of crucial importance in the diffusion of operetta in dialect, whose highly local (even parochial) connotations would exert a significant influence on the formal, social and cultural evolution of operetta right up to the turn of the century.
A rightful condition for Europe
Authors: Eriksen Erik O. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In Europe, the integration process has domesticated international relations, safeguarded member-states’ democracies, and enabled collective action and supranational problem-solving. It has brought about the European Union (EU) and a democratic ‘surplus’. How has this been possible when the binding effect of EU law is grounded neither in the sovereign’s monopoly on power at the European level nor in the final decision-making authority of the EU? An answer to this puzzle is found in the fact that a public coercive framework has been established, which aims at solving the indeterminacy and assurance problems facing international cooperation. The enabling condition of sovereignty is replaced by those of co-legislation and a binding judicial process. The latter creates reasons for deference to legitimate authority and hence a compliance condition. However, since the Union falls short of meeting certain democratic standards, oversteps competences, and is plagued with inertia, there is a call for constitutional reform.
Design, modeling, and preliminary evaluation of a simple wrist-hand stretching orthosis for neurologically impaired patients
Authors: Ledoux Elissa D. , Kumar Nithin S. , Barth Eric J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work studies upper-limb impairment resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury and presents a simple technological solution for a subset of patients: a soft, active stretching aid for at-home use. To better understand the issues associated with existing associated rehabilitation devices, customer discovery conversations were conducted with 153 people in the healthcare ecosystem (60 patients, 30 caregivers, and 63 medical providers). These patients fell into two populations: spastic (stiff, clenched hands) and flaccid (limp hands). Focusing on the first category, a set of design constraints was developed based on the information collected from the customer discovery. With these constraints in mind, a powered wrist-hand stretching orthosis (exoskeleton) was designed and prototyped as a preclinical study (T0 basic science research) to aid in recovery. The orthosis was tested on two patients for proof-of-concept, one survivor of stroke and one of traumatic brain injury. The prototype was able to consistently open both patients’ hands. A mathematical model was developed to characterize joint stiffness based on experimental testing. Donning and doffing times for the prototype averaged 76 and 12.5 s, respectively, for each subject unassisted. This compared favorably to times shown in the literature. This device benefits from simple construction and low-cost materials and is envisioned to become a therapy device accessible to patients in the home. This work lays the foundation for phase 1 clinical trials and further device development.
Teleseismic Full‐Waveform Tomography Based on a 3D FK‐LTSOS Hybrid Method for Local Imaging
Authors: Meng Weijuan , Yang Dinghui , Chen Ling , Dong Xingpeng , Xu Xiaobing , Huang Jiandong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTeleseismic waveforms contain abundant interpretable information about Earth's properties. They can be used to explore the refined structure of Earth's interior, especially in the regions with imbalanced spatial distribution of seismic activity. However, it's technically infeasible to numerically simulate high‐frequency (>1 Hz) teleseismic wave propagation within a whole domain iteratively in full‐waveform inversion due to its vast computational costs. We develop a 3D FK‐LTSOS (Frequency‐Wavenumber, Layered Time‐Space Optimized Symplectic) hybrid method and then apply it to teleseismic full‐waveform tomography to tackle this computational challenge. The 3D FK‐LTSOS hybrid method combines the semi‐analytical solution computed by the FK method rapidly in a 1D background model and the numerical solution calculated by the 3D LTSOS method accurately in 3D localized heterogeneous media with topography to simulate teleseismic wave propagation efficiently and accurately. The comparison of synthetic seismograms shows its accuracy and stability when simulating wave propagation in the topographic model. Based on this hybrid method, the teleseismic full‐waveform tomographic method is developed to efficiently resolve the detailed structure of the local research domain utilizing high‐frequency teleseismic data. The essential contents of full‐waveform tomography are presented, including misfit function, Fréchet kernels, smoothing strategy, and nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Synthetic data application for spherical anomaly models with planer surface and Gaussian topography, and observed data application for the crust‐upper mantle structure beneath eastern Tibet confirm the validity of the teleseismic full‐waveform tomography and demonstrate that our tomographic method can image the localized structures speedily from full‐waveform information.
Surrogate endpoints in mature B-cell neoplasms – meaningful or misleading?
Authors: Simon Florian , Al-Sawaf Othman , Seymour John F. , Eichhorst Barbara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIndolent mature B-cell neoplasms are a group of diseases in which recent therapeutic advances have led to an improved overall survival (OS) extending beyond several years. While cause of celebration for patients and caregivers, the increasingly long observation periods necessary to capture treatment effects are complicating trial design and possibly hindering swift access to more effective therapies. Surrogate endpoints are a tool with the potential of earlier study readouts, however, their validity needs to be proven in each individual disease and therapeutic setting. The validation of surrogate endpoints and available data for mature B-cell neoplasms are discussed within this perspective article, followed by an outlook on the potential of precise tools such as measurable residual disease assessment as novel surrogate candidates.
Relationship between network topology and negative electrode properties in Wadsley–Roth phase TiNb2O7
Authors: Kitamura Naoto , Matsubara Hikari , Kimura Koji , Obayashi Ippei , Onodera Yohei , Nakashima Ken , Morita Hidetoshi , Shiga Motoki , Harada Yasuhiro , Ishibashi Chiaki , Idemoto Yasushi , Hayashi Koichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wadsley–Roth phase TiNb2O7, with an octahedral network consisting of TiO6 and NbO6, has attracted significant attention as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries in recent years owing to its excellent safety and high discharge capacity. In this work, we investigated the effect of the network structure (intermediate-range structure), which is considered to form Li+ conduction pathways, on the electrode properties of TiNb2O7. To this end, we prepared TiNb2O7 samples with different charge/discharge properties and generated atomic configurations that simultaneously reproduce both total scattering and Bragg profile data. Topological analyses based on persistent homology demonstrated that the network disorder hidden in the average structure (crystal structure) significantly degrades the negative electrode properties. In conclusion, controlling the network topology is considered the key to improving the negative electrode properties of TiNb2O7.
A unified framework for diagnostic test development and evaluation during outbreaks of emerging infections
Authors: Chaturvedi Madhav , Köster Denise , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Gerke Oke , Jurke Annette , Kretzschmar Mirjam E. , Lütgehetmann Marc , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Reitsma Johannes B. , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Siebert Uwe , Stekly Carina , Ehret Christoph , Rübsamen Nicole , Karch André , Zapf Antonia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEvaluating diagnostic test accuracy during epidemics is difficult due to an urgent need for test availability, changing disease prevalence and pathogen characteristics, and constantly evolving testing aims and applications. Based on lessons learned during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we introduce a framework for rapid diagnostic test development, evaluation, and validation during outbreaks of emerging infections. The framework is based on the feedback loop between test accuracy evaluation, modelling studies for public health decision-making, and impact of public health interventions. We suggest that building on this feedback loop can help future diagnostic test evaluation platforms better address the requirements of both patient care and public health.
Science Vocabulary and Science Achievement of Children With Language/Literacy Disorders and Typical Language Development
Authors: Erikson Jessie A. , Alt Mary , Pyarelal Adarsh , Kapa Leah L. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study examined science achievement; science vocabulary knowledge; and the relationship between science vocabulary, language skills, and science achievement in school-age children with language/literacy disorders (LLDs) and typical language development (TD).

Method:
Thirty-nine sixth graders (11 with LLDs) completed standardized assessments and researcher-designed science vocabulary measures over Zoom. Scores for the AIMS Science, a standardized science assessment administered to all fourth-grade public-school students in Arizona, served as the outcome measure for science achievement. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships among science achievement, general language skills, and science vocabulary knowledge. Group comparisons (TD vs. LLD) were also completed for science achievement and science vocabulary measures.

Results:
General language skills, science vocabulary breadth, and science vocabulary definition scores uniquely predicted science achievement, as measured by AIMS Science scores. General language skills predicted performance on the science vocabulary breadth and definition tasks. Participants with LLDs scored significantly lower on science achievement and vocabulary measures relative to their peers with TD.

Conclusions:
Students with LLDs demonstrated poorer science achievement outcomes and more limited knowledge of science vocabulary breadth and semantic depth. Greater science vocabulary knowledge was associated with higher science test scores for children with LLDs and TD. These findings indicate that increasing science vocabulary knowledge may improve science achievement outcomes for students with LLDs or TD.
The physical mechanism for the formation of lithium-rich red clump stars: Rotation, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves
Authors: Wu F. W. , Song H. F. , Meynet G. , Maeder A. , Shi J. R. , Zhang R. Y. , Qin Y. , Qi S. T. , Zhan Q. 
Published: December 2024

Context. About 0.2–2% of red clump stars are revealed as Lithium-rich stars and thus the surface abundance of lithium clearly increases in some red clump stars. The physical mechanism of the enrichment of lithium on the surface of these stars has not yet been explained satisfactorily by the evolutionary models of single stars.
Aims. Our aim is to investigate how rotation, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves have an important impact on the surface chemical abundance of lithium-rich red giants.
Methods. The equations for angular momentum transport and the chemical element diffusion for rotating stars have been implemented in this paper. The diffusion coefficients of rotationally induced instabilities, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravitational waves have been included in the diffusion equation of chemical elements.
Results. Rotational mixing, thermohaline mixing, and internal gravity waves have been invoked to explain this feature. Rotation impacts the evolution of the surface abundance of Lithium, but it seems an unlikely explanation for a ubiquitous mixing event occurring between the tip of the red giant star and the red clump star. Thermohaline mixing can explain the observed behaviour of 12C/13C and 14N/12C and lithium in low-mass stars that are more luminous than the red-giant branch bump, and its efficiency is decreasing with the increasing initial stellar mass.
Conclusions. The internal gravity wave- (IGW-) induced mixing is located between the hydrogen-burning shell, and the outer convective envelope, and it is mainly triggered by turbulent convective motion. This physical process is beneficial to transfer the large amount of 7Be to the cool envelope where it is converted to 7Li. Therefore, IGW-induced mixing could play a main role in explaining the red clump star with lithium enrichment. Rotation can indirectly increase the above effect by making the core-helium-burning lifetime longer. Thermohaline mixing is much smaller than the one of IGWs during the evolution of red clump stars.
Radiographic, fluoroscopic, and endosonographic predictors of failed EUS-guided transgastric stent placement in patients with Roux-en-Y bypass anatomy
Authors: Moy Benjamin M , Hussain Hero , Yu Jessica X , Platt Kevin D , Machicado Jorge D , Kwon Richard S , Wamsteker Erik-Jan , Philips George M , Schulman Allison R 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGastric access temporary for endoscopy (GATE) via endoscopic ultrasound-guided stent placement between the gastric pouch/jejunum and remnant stomach is used in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to facilitate endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or other maneuvers. This study aimed to identify radiographic predictors of GATE failure and intraprocedure reasons for aborting.Patients undergoing GATE were matched 3:1 on procedure success. Features indicating quality of the transgastric window were collected including: 1) gastric pouch/blind limb length; 2) location of remnant stomach relative to pouch or blind/roux limb; 3) pouch orientation; 4) remnant orientation; 5) length of contact; 6) tissue thickness; and 7) presence of poor contact (calcification, surgical material, intervening vasculature). Primary outcome was radiographic criteria associated with GATE failure. Secondary outcomes were endoscopic, endosonographic, and fluoroscopic intraprocedure reasons for aborting GATE.Forty patients (30 successful, 10 aborted, 82.5% female) who underwent GATE were
included. Mean (±SD) age and time since RYGB were 62.8±11.9 and 15.1±8.6 years,
respectively. There were no group demographic differences. The cumulative number of
contact-related risk factors was associated with GATE failure (OR 26.1, 95% CI 0.004–0.337;
P=0.004). Two or more factors increased the likelihood of GATE
failure (P <0.05). Echoendoscope angulation/tip deflection,
intervening vasculature, distance to remnant stomach, rapid emptying and/or insufficient
filling of contrast were reported in cases of GATE failure.Radiographic features may predict GATE failure including intervening vasculature or insufficient contact between gastric pouch/blind limb and remnant. Patients demonstrating these features may benefit from alternative treatment approaches early in management.
Lemon Juice as a Natural Biodegradable Catalyst for an Ecofriendly One-Pot Pseudo-Three-Component Synthesis of N,1-Dimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)-3,5-dinitro-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-amines
Authors: Seth Kapileswar , Saigal Saigal , Sunny Steeva 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA one-pot pseudo-three-component reaction strategy has been designed for synthesizing all-carbon-functionalized hexasubstituted N,1-dimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)-3,5-dinitro-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-amines under neat conditions using inexpensive, readily available, natural, biodegradable lemon juice as a catalyst. The acidic reaction environment induced by lemon juice provided a superior catalytic performance, with a high reaction rate and high product yields, to those of a pool of Lewis and Brønsted acid catalysts. The wide substrate scope and functional-group tolerance permitted diversity creation with electronic and structural variations in a robust and operationally simple manner. The recoverability/reusability of the lemon juice catalyst and the easy purification of the end products by precipitation/filtration avoid the need for column chromatography or hazardous organic solvents and confirm that this is an environmentally benign sustainable technology. Moreover, a gram-scale operation and chemical modifications of the final products demonstrated some promising advantages.
Harnessing Photoredox and Weak Brønsted Base Dual Catalysis for Selective C(sp3)–H Bond Activation
Authors: Anita Yulia , Woo Sang Kook , Atriardi Shafrizal R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVisible light photoredox and weak Brønsted base dual catalysis has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool in the activation of C(sp3)–H bonds under mild reaction conditions. This method allows for the selective functionalization of a wide range of substrates, including amines, sulfides, ethers, dithianes and dithiolanes, dioxolanes, and alkenes. By exploiting the increased acidity of C–H bonds following single electron oxidation, this strategy employing a dual catalyst facilitates various carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, as well as selective rearrangements, with high efficiency and regioselectivity. This review highlights recent advancements in this field, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and the broad applicability of these methodologies in organic synthesis.1	Introduction2	Activation of α-C(sp3)–H Bonds in N-, S-, and O-Containing Compounds for C–C Bond Formation3	Activation of Allylic C–H Bonds for C–C Bond Formation4	Photoredox and Base Dual Catalysis for Rearrangement Reactions5	Conclusion
A novel high frequency, high bandwidth, three phase Mach–Zehnder optical data link
Authors: Norman Logan , Geppert-Kleinrath Hermann , Meaney Kevin , Kim Yongho 
Published: December 2024

In inertial confinement fusion, hydrogen isotopes are fused together under high pressures and temperatures. Typically, the duration of these experiments is incredibly short, on the order of around 60–150 ps. Due to the high radiation environment, a detector’s signal is typically data linked far distances to a protected location. The diagnostic challenge for fusion reaction history measurements is to measure signals of interest maximizing dynamic range while also maintaining time resolution on the order of 10 ps. In this work, we present a new experimental optical data link used to efficiently transport diagnostic signals over great distances to the recording system while not restricting the dynamic range. The concept of a three phase Mach–Zehnder modulator system is introduced as well as a description of the physical prototype. The initial results from testing at the OMEGA facility show that this system is a viable method for signal transportation.