bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Nutritive Composition on the Organoleptic Characters of Cakes Enriched with Fruits Almond of Terminalia catappa
Authors: Etienne Douati Togba , Marius Biego Godi Henri , Ysidor Konan N’Guessan , Daouda Sidibe , Yves Nyamien Bleou , Adama Coulibaly 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The study focuses the organoleptic trend according to the nutritive composition of cakes processed from wheat flour enriched with the almond flour of T. catappa, a plant growing in some regions of Côte d’Ivoire.
Study Design: Nine formulations of cakes processed from addition of almond flour of Terminalia catappa to wheat flour and then submitted to nutrients and descriptive sensory analyses.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Biochemistry department of Biosciences Unit, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, running 2015.
Methodology: The contents in nutriments, namely macronutrients, minerals (macroelements and oligoelements), vitamins, and polyphenol antioxidants of the enriched cakes were determined using standard methods and their sensory description achieved. Then, the influence between both types of characteristics was assessed through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) at ± 0.5 significance using statistical software SPSS.
Results: The cakes investigated recorded invarious content in total carbohydrates (the major nutritive compound of the flours) whereas the other nutrients increased accordingly to the ratio of the almond flour incorporated for. Oppositely, the full sensory descriptors were responded with statistically similar scores over the cakes formulated. The correlation analysis mainly showed reduction of the cakes aroma during the nutrients increase, with r coefficients of –0.65 to –0.54. Thus, the study shows no rather nutritional influence of the nutritive enrichment of cakes on the sensory profile.
Conclusion: The valorization of the cakes enriched with almonds of T. catappa could be sustained on the basis of their acceptance by consumers.
Impact of Improved Cassava Technology Adoption on Farmers Output in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyemma Juliet Ogadinma , Tokula Mark , Tertsea Koko Michael , Chimela Nwafor Solomon 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was to ascertain the impact of the adoption of improved cassava technology on the output of farmers in Benue state, Nigeria.
Study Design: The study used Survey design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Benue State, between November 2018 and May 2019.
Methodology: Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 366 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using Semi-structured questionnaire.
Objective 1 was achieved using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and means while Objective 2 was achieved using multiple regression model.
Results: The findings showed that the adoption of improved cassava technologies influenced the farmers in a number of ways which included increased farmers income (56%: 2.10), acquired new skills (75%:); increased output (76%: ); expanded production (67%: ); ensured more food at home (food security) ( 85%: ); and increased well being of adopters (80%: ). The result also revealed that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State was accepted. This was indicated by F-stat value of 33.42 and F-probe value of 0.000 of less than 0.05, indicating that the estimated regression model adopted in this study was statistically significant at 1%. The R2 value of 0.75 implied that 75% of dependent variable (farmers output) was explained by the independent variables (TSM0505, TSM0581, TSM0572, TMS011368, TMS961632, TMS920326 TME 419, NR8082).
Conclusion: Thus it was concluded that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State The study thus recommend that Extension agencies should ensure that improved cassava technologies are accessible by farmers and that farmers acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in using such technologies. This will ensure high adoption and high impact as well.
Concentration of Uranium and Thorium in Granite Rock in Kadugli, Sudan Using γ - ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Alnour I. A. 
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present study is to determine the elemental concentration in (ppm) and specific activity in (Bqkg-1) of Uranium (238U) and Thorium (232Th) contained in the granite rock of a special geological area in Sudan (Kadugli).
The elemental concentrations and specific activity of 238U and 232Th in granite rock were determined by using the gross gamma counting technique (γ-ray spectroscopy). The analyses were performed for daughter decaying of 238U and 232Th; which are Pb-214, Bi-214 for 238U and Tl-208, Ac-228 for 232Th.
The experiments were carried out at the Nuclear Laboratory, Physics Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia using the facilities of gamma ray spectroscopy system with high purity germanium detector (HPGe) of efficiency 20%.
Granite samples were collected from Hagar El-Mlik area, 2 km from the central of Kadugli city in southern Kordofan state, Sudan. The rock was crushed and ground to fine powder and sieved with a particle size less than 120 μm. To calculate the concentrations of 238U and 232Th in the granite rock, standard reference materials provided by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was used.
The average of elemental concentrations and specific activity of uranium were obtained in the range (1.8 ± 0.11) to (0.80 ± 0.08) ppm, and (22.11 ± 1.30) to (9.79 ± 0.98) Bqkg-1 respectively, while (16.22±1.84) to (7.45±1.34) ppm and (65.42±7.40) to (29.50 ± 5.39) Bqkg-1 are the average concentration and specific activity of thorium. Moreover, average activity concentrations (Bqkg-1) for granite samples have been compared with the typical values of different countries.
232Th shows high activity concentration (65.42±7.4) Bqkg-1 whereas, 238U activity value is distinctly lower than the corresponding ones obtained from other countries and, in general, all results are acceptable and fall within the range given in UNSCEAR report 1993.
A Functioning Macroscopic “Rubik's Cube” Assembled via Controllable Dynamic Covalent Interactions
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Li Zhao , Liu Xiaolin , Peng Hui‐Qing , Song Fengyan , Qi Ji , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Long Lingliang , Sessler Jonathan L. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of a macroscopic adhered hydrogel stabilized through controllable dynamic covalent interactions is reported. These interactions, involving the cross‐linked formation of a hydrogel through reaction of a diacylhydrazine precursor with a tetraformyl partner, increase as a function of time. By using a contact time of 24 h and different compounds with recognized aggregation‐induced emission features (AIEgens), it proves possible to create six laminated acylhydrazone hydrogels displaying different fluorescent colors. Blocks of these hydrogels are then adhered into a structure resembling a Rubik's Cube, a trademark of Rubik's Brand Limited, (RC) and allowed to anneal for 1 h. This produces a 3 × 3 × 3 block (RC) wherein the individual fluorescent gel blocks are loosely adhered to one another. As a consequence, the 1 × 3 × 3 layers making up the RC can be rotated either horizontally or vertically to produce new patterns. Ex situ modification of the RC or application of a chemical stimulus can be used to produce new color arrangements. The present RC structure highlights how the temporal features, strong versus weak adhesion, may be exploited to create smart macroscopic structures.
Rational Design of Dopant‐Free Coplanar D‐π‐D Hole‐Transporting Materials for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factor Exceeding 80%
Authors: Chen Yatong , Xu Xiuwen , Cai Ning , Qian Sainan , Luo Ruixi , Huo Yanping , Tsang Sai‐Wing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, two novel D‐π‐D hole‐transporting materials (HTM) are reported, abbreviated as BDT‐PTZ and BDT‐POZ, which consist of 4,8‐di(hexylthio)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) as π‐conjugated linker, and N‐(6‐bromohexyl) phenothiazine (PTZ)/N‐(6‐bromohexyl) phenoxazine (POZ) as donor units. The above two HTMs are deployed in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as dopant‐free HT layers, exhibiting excellent power conversion efficiencies of 18.26% and 19.16%, respectively. Particularly, BDT‐POZ demonstrates a superior fill factor of 81.7%, which is consistent with its more efficient hole extraction and transport verified via steady‐state/transient fluorescence spectra and space‐charge‐limited current technique. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction characterization implies these two molecules present diverse packing tendencies, which may account for various interfacial hole‐transport ability in PSCs.
Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Graphite as a Cathode: Key Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable graphite dual‐ion batteries (GDIBs) have attracted the attention of electrochemists and material scientists in recent years due to their low cost and high‐performance metrics, such as high power density (≈3–175 kW kg−1), energy efficiency (≈80–90%), long cycling life, and high energy density (up to 200 Wh kg−1), suited for grid‐level stationary storage of electricity. The key feature of GDIBs is the exploitation of the reversible oxidation of the graphite network with concomitant and highly efficient intercalation/deintercalation of bulky anionic species between graphene layers. In this review, historical and current research aspects of GDIBs are discussed, along with key challenges in their development and practical deployment. Specific emphasis is given to the operational mechanism of GDIBs and to unbiased and correct reporting of theoretical cell‐level energy densities.
Mobilizing the community of biodiversity specimen collectors to effectively detect and document outliers in the Anthropocene
Authors: Pearson Katelin D. , Mast Austin R. 
Published: August 2019

PremiseBiological outliers (observations that fall outside of a previously understood norm, e.g., in phenology or distribution) may indicate early stages of a transformative change that merits immediate attention. Collectors of biodiversity specimens such as plants, fungi, and animals are on the front lines of discovering outliers, yet the role collectors currently play in providing such data is unclear.MethodsWe surveyed 222 collectors of a broad range of taxa, searched 47 training materials, and explored the use of 170 outlier terms in 75 million specimen records to determine the current state of outlier detection and documentation in this community.ResultsCollectors reported observing outliers (e.g., about 80% of respondents observed morphological and distributional outliers at least occasionally). However, relatively few specimen records include outlier terms, and imprecision in their use and handling in data records complicates data discovery by stakeholders. This current state appears to be at least partly due to the absence of protocols: only one of the training materials addressed documenting and reporting outliers.ConclusionsWe suggest next steps to mobilize this largely untapped, yet ideally suited, community for early detection of biotic change in the Anthropocene, including community activities for building relevant best practices.
Maternally inherited MAF variant associated with variable expression of Aymé‐Gripp syndrome
Authors: Alkhunaizi Ebba , Koenekoop Robert K. , Saint‐Martin Christine , Russell Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAymé‐Gripp syndrome is an intellectual disability syndrome characterized by autism spectrum disorder, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal involvement, seizures, cardiac anomalies, and distinctive facial features. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in MAF. To date, less than 20 cases have been reported, the majority having de novo mutations. Here, we report a patient with classical features of Aymé‐Gripp syndrome who inherited a MAF variant, c.206C>G (p.P69R), from a mother with normal intellectual function and normal hearing but with cataract and significant proteinuria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient who inherited a MAF causative variant from a parent with normal intellect. Although the syndrome typically has multiple malformations and intellectual disability, we suggest that a mild phenotype could exist. In addition, we suggest that the basal ganglia calcifications present in our proband could be a novel finding associated with MAF variants and offer further support for the relationship between these variants and late manifestations of renal disease.
Confirmation and further delineation of the SMG9‐deficiency syndrome, a rare and severe developmental disorder
Authors: Lecoquierre François , Bonnevalle Antoine , Chadie Alexandra , Gayet Claire , Dumant‐Forest Clémentine , Renaux‐Petel Mariette , Leca Jean‐Baptiste , Hazelzet Tristan , Brasseur‐Daudruy Marie , Louillet Ferielle , Muraine Marc , Coutant Sophie , Quenez Olivier , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean‐François , Frebourg Thierry , Goldenberg Alice , Saugier‐Veber Pascale , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Nicolas Gaël 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSMG9 deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition originally described in three patients from two families harboring homozygous truncating SMG9 variants in a context of severe syndromic developmental disorder. To our knowledge, no additional patient has been described since this first report.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing in a patient exhibiting a syndromic developmental delay and in her unaffected parents and report the phenotypic features.ResultsOur patient presented with a syndromic association of severe global developmental delay and diverse malformations, including cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphic features, brain abnormalities, heart defect, growth retardation, and severe infections. She carried a novel SMG9 homozygous variant NM_019108.3:c.1177C>T, p.(Gln393*), while her unaffected parents were both heterozygous.ConclusionsWe confirm that bi‐allelic truncating SMG9 variants cause a severe developmental syndrome including brain and heart malformations associated with facial dysmorphic features, severe growth and developmental delay with or without ophthalmological abnormalities, severe feeding difficulties, and life‐threatening infections.
Ein neutraler “Aluminocen”‐Sandwich‐Komplex: η1‐ vs. η5‐Koordination eines Pentaarylborols mit ECp* (E=Al, Ga; Cp*=C5Me5)
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Ruth Paul Niklas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDas Pentaarylborol (Ph*C)4BXylF [Ph*=3,5‐tBu2(C6H3); XylF=3,5‐(CF3)2(C6H3)] reagiert mit den niedervalenten Cyclopentadienylverbindungen der Gruppe 13 E(I)Cp* (E=Al, Ga). Gegenüber [AlCp*]4 wirkt das Borol als Oxidationsmittel und nimmt zwei Elektronen auf. Dies führt zum bisher unbekannten, neutralen η5‐Cp*,η5‐[(Ph*C)4BXylF]‐Komplex des AlIII, der strukturell, spektroskopisch und computerchemisch untersucht wurde. Die Bildung des heteroleptischen Borol‐Cyclopentadienyl‐“Aluminocens” führt zu signifikanten Veränderungen der 13C‐NMR‐chemischen Verschiebungen im Borol. Das weniger stark reduzierende GaCp* reagiert mit dem Borol (Ph*C)4BXylF unter Bildung eines dynamischen Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Addukts mit einer dativen 2‐Elektronen‐2‐Zentren‐Ga‐B‐Bindung. Das Lewis‐Addukt wurde strukturell, spektroskopisch und computerchemisch untersucht.
Enantioselective Radical Addition/Cross‐Coupling of Organozinc Reagents, Alkyl Iodides, and Alkenyl Boron Reagents
Authors: Chierchia Matteo , Xu Peilin , Lovinger Gabriel J. , Morken James P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA hybrid transition‐metal/radical process is described that results in the addition of organozinc reagents and alkyl halides across alkenyl boron reagents in an enantioselective catalytic fashion. The reaction can be accomplished both intermolecularly and intramolecularly, providing useful product yields and high enantioselectivities in both manifolds.
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation
Authors: Sang Rui , Kucmierczyk Peter , Dühren Ricarda , Razzaq Rauf , Dong Kaiwu , Liu Jie , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of carboxylic acids is of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and the corresponding products find numerous applications for polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other manufactured chemicals. Although hydroxycarbonylations of olefins have been known for more than 60 years, currently known catalyst systems for this transformation do not fulfill industrial requirements, for example, stability. Presented herein for the first time is an aqueous‐phase protocol that allows conversion of various olefins, including sterically hindered and demanding tetra‐, tri‐, and 1,1‐disubstituted systems, as well as terminal alkenes, into the corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields. The outstanding stability of the catalyst system (26 recycling runs in 32 days without measurable loss of activity), is showcased in the preparation of an industrially relevant fatty acid. Key‐to‐success is the use of a built‐in‐base ligand under acidic aqueous conditions. This catalytic system is expected to provide a basis for new cost‐competitive processes for the industrial production of carboxylic acids.
A Neutral “Aluminocene” Sandwich Complex: η1‐ versus η5‐Coordination Modes of a Pentaarylborole with ECp* (E=Al, Ga; Cp*=C5Me5)
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Ruth Paul Niklas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe pentaaryl borole (Ph*C)4BXylF [Ph*=3,5‐tBu2(C6H3); XylF=3,5‐(CF3)2(C6H3)] reacts with low‐valent Group 13 precursors AlCp* and GaCp* by two divergent routes. In the case of [AlCp*]4, the borole reacts as an oxidising agent and accepts two electrons. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational analysis of the resulting unprecedented neutral η5‐Cp*,η5‐[(Ph*C)4BXylF] complex of AlIII revealed a strong, ionic bonding interaction. The formation of the heteroleptic borole‐cyclopentadienyl “aluminocene” leads to significant changes in the 13C NMR chemical shifts within the borole unit. In the case of the less‐reductive GaCp*, borole (Ph*C)4BXylF reacts as a Lewis acid to form a dynamic adduct with a dative 2‐center‐2‐electron Ga−B bond. The Lewis adduct was also studied structurally, spectroscopically, and computationally.
Infrared spectral analysis of low concentration magnetoactive polymers
Authors: Prem Nina , Sindersberger Dirk , Monkman Gareth J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis work concerns an area of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) research seldom considered. Traditionally only MAP with high concentrations of magnetic filler (typically between 10 and 90 wt%) have been investigated. This article deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of research, namely MAP containing lower magnetic filler concentrations (1 to 3 wt%). This article utilizes a range of spectroscopic analysis methods (Raman and FTIR) and their applicability to MAP characterization at wavelengths ranging from 2.5 to 25 μm. Particular attention is paid to low carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentrations in MAP for which the emergence of capillary doublets at a critical 2 wt% concentration is revealed. This results in measurable magnetic field‐dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavelength of 4.255 μm together with a detectable CO2 susceptibility. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48366.
Fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued BAM neural networks with time delays
Authors: Zhang Ziye , Guo Runan , Liu Xiaoping , Zhong Maiying , Lin Chong , Chen Bing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with time delays is studied. Based on the fixed‐time stability, the Lyapunov functional method and some inequality techniques, a new criterion is presented to guarantee that the addressed systems achieve synchronization in fixed time and a more accurate estimation independent of the initial conditions is given for the settling time. Meanwhile, a new nonlinear delayed controller different from the existing ones is designed. In the end, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.
Social‐valence‐related increased attention in rett syndrome cynomolgus monkeys: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhou Zhigang , Zhou Yin , Zhang Ting , Ma Yuanye , Niu Yuyu , Ji Weizhi , Chen Yongchang 
Published: August 2019

The cognitive phenotypes of Rett syndrome (RTT) remain unclarified compared with the well‐defined genetic etiology. Recent clinical studies suggest the eye‐tracking method as a promising avenue to quantify the visual phenotypes of the syndrome. The present study explored various aspects of visual attention of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 gene mutant RTT monkeys with the eye‐tracking procedure. Comprehensive testing paradigms, including social valence comparison (SVC), visual paired comparison (VPC), and social recognition memory (SRM), were utilized to investigate their attentional features to social stimuli with differential valence, the novelty preferences, and short‐term recognition memory, respectively. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the eye‐tracking findings, we assessed changes of the brain subregion volumes and neurotransmitter concentrations. Compared with control monkeys, RTT monkeys demonstrated increased viewing on the more salient stare faces than profile faces in the SVC test, and increased viewing on the whole presented images composed of monkey faces in the VPC and SRM tests. Brain imaging revealed reduced bilateral occipital gyrus in RTT monkeys. The exploratory neurotransmitter analyses revealed no significant changes of various neurotransmitter concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of RTT monkeys. The eye‐tracking results suggested social‐valence‐related increased attention in RTT monkeys, supplementing the cognitive phenotypes associated with the syndrome. Further investigations from broader perspectives are required to uncover the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1–13. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryAltered expressions of the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene are usually associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, Rett syndrome (RTT), and so forth. The present eye‐tracking study found social‐valence‐related increased attention in our firstly established MECP2 mutant RTT monkeys. The novel findings supplement the cognitive phenotypes and potentially benefit the behavioral interventions of the RTT syndrome.
History of Science or History of Learning
Authors: Heilbron John L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis essay presents analogies between the development of historical writing and of physical science during the early modern period. Its necessarily spotty coverage runs from the mid sixteenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth. The analogies include arising from practical concerns; preferring material documents and experimental inquiries over texts; making use of mathematical auxiliary sciences; distinguishing between primary and secondary elements; establishing new fundamental principles; undermining the traditional world system; and devising methods to control rapidly multiplying knowledge. A history of learning that meets today's standards of historical scholarship should identify and exploit such parallels, not only because of scholarly interest and responsibility, but also because an understanding of the historical importance of linkages between distant branches of learning may help redress the increasing imbalance in resources among the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities in our higher schools and universities.