bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Inner Magnetosphere Particle Transport and Acceleration Model (IMPTAM) With Long‐Term GOES MAGED Measurements of keV Electron Fluxes at Geostationary Orbit
Authors: Ganushkina N. Yu , Sillanpää I. , Welling D. , Haiducek J. , Liemohn M. , Dubyagin S. , Rodriguez J. V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurface charging by keV (kiloelectron Volt) electrons can pose a serious risk for satellites. There is a need for physical models with the correct and validated dynamical behavior. The 18.5‐month (2013–2015) output from the continuous operation online in real time as a nowcast of the Inner Magnetosphere Particle Transport and Acceleration Model (IMPTAM) is compared to the GOES 13 MAGnetospheric Electron Detector (MAGED) data for 40, 75, and 150 keV energies. The observed and modeled electron fluxes were organized by Magnetic Local Time (MLT) and IMPTAM driving parameters; the observed Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) BZ, BY, and |B|; the solar wind speed VSW; the dynamic pressure PSW; and Kp and SYM‐H indices. The peaks for modeled fluxes are shifted toward midnight, but the ratio between the observed and modeled fluxes at around 06 MLT is close to 1. All the statistical patterns exhibit very similar features with the largest differences of about 1 order of magnitude at 18–24 MLT. Based on binary event analysis, 20–78% of threshold crossings are reproduced, but Heidke skill scores are low. The modeled fluxes are off by a factor of 2 in terms of the median symmetric accuracy. The direction of the error varies with energy: overprediction by 50% for 40 keV, overprediction by 2 for 75 keV, and underprediction by 18% for 150 keV. The revealed discrepancies are due to the boundary conditions developed for ions but used for electrons, absence of substorm effects, representations of electric and magnetic fields which can result in not enough adiabatic acceleration, and simple models for electron lifetimes.
The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction
Authors: Convery Elizabeth , Keidser Gitte , Hickson Louise , Meyer Carly 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction.

Method
Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction.

Results
Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids.

Conclusion
Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.
Relationship of Training Load with High-intensity Running in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Lee Marcus , Mukherjee Swarup 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study determined the training load (TL) and its relationship with high-intensity running performance across the season in professional soccer players. The TL, YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YYIR 2) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were monitored in 29 players (age 26.2±3.8 years, height 173.6±5.6 cm, body mass 68.5±8.6 kg). In the mid in-season (MS), Lucia TRIMP (TRIMPL) was inversely correlated with YYIR 2 (r=−0.6, p<0.05), with total distance (TD), work-rate (WR), low-intensity distance (LID) and player load (PL) showing correlation with YYIR 2 (r=0.81, 0.77, 0.88, 0.67; p<0.05) in the late in-season (LS). In pre-season (PS), TD, WR and moderate-intensity distance (MID) were correlated with YYIR 2 (r=0.65, 0.80, 0.83, p<0.05), whereas in early in-season (ES), TD, WR, LID were correlated with YYIR 2 performance (r=0.58, 0.67, 0.55, p<0.05). There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between TL and RSA. The findings showed the volume, intensity and types of TL accrued influences the relationship with physical performance that suggest the significance of phase-specific monitoring of TL for maximizing performance in soccer players.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Hospitalizations in Infants of 33 to 42 Weeksʼ Gestation: Does Gestational Age Matter?
Authors: Resch Bernhard , Wörner Charlotte , Özdemir Selma , Hubner Magdalena , Puchas Claudia , Urlesberger Berndt 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background To evaluate rates and characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSV-H) in infants of 33 to 42 weeks of gestational age (GA).
Patients All infants with a history of neonatal hospitalization and a GA of 33 to 42 weeks born between 2005 and 2015 and follow-up at least over one RSV season (first year of life). Infants with congenital heart disease and other congenital anomalies were excluded.
Methods Retrospective single-center cohort STROBE compliant study. Data were collected regarding demographic data and re-hospitalization characteristics due to respiratory illness and due to RSV infection; and data were compared between moderate-late preterm, near term, term, and post term infants, respectively.
Results A total of 81.656 live born infants were registered in our catchment area with gestational age from 33 to 42 weeks during the study period; and 2188 of 2356 preterm infants and 1004 of 1168 term infants with history of neonatal hospitalization were included for analysis. Rehospitalizations due to respiratory illness occurred in 301 preterm (13.8%) and 136 term (13.5%) infants for 381 and 183 times, respectively. In total 84 of 3192 infants (2.6%) were tested RSV positive, 61 of 2188 preterm (2.8%) and 23 of 1004 term (2.3%). Preterm infants without history of neonatal hospitalization had a RSV hospitalization (RSV-H) rate of 1.7% (61/3488) and term infants of 1.3% (967/74.644) that were significantly lower compared to study infants (p=0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Moderate and late preterm (2.8%), near term (3.1%) and post term (3.5%) infants had significantly higher RSV-H rates compared to term infants (1.2%). Risk factors for RSV-H in preterm infants included discharge during RSV season (4.2 vs. 2.0%, p=0.017) and presence of older siblings (4.2 vs. 2.1%, p=0.023), in term infants presence of older siblings (p=0.019). The course of RSV disease did not differ between groups.
Discussion Interestingly, we did not observe decreasing RSV-H rates with increasing GA. Term infants represented the group with lowest RSV-H rates. Neonatal hospitalization was a risk factor for RSV-H for both preterm and term infants. Near term infants do more resemble the late preterm than term infants regarding RSV-H rates.
Conclusion We found comparable higher RSV-H rates in all groups compared to term infants without differences in the course of disease and identified neonatal hospitalization as an independent risk factor.
Duration of Cast Immobilization in Distal Radial Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Delft Eva A.K. van , Gelder Tamara G. van , Vries Ralph de , Vermeulen Jefrey , Bloemers Frank W. 
Published: March 2019

Objective The duration of immobilization in distal radial fractures is disputed in the current literature. There are still no long-term superior outcomes of operative treatment in comparison to nonoperative treatment. A systematic review was initiated to assess the clinical controversy on the duration of the immobilization period for nonoperatively treated distal radial fractures.
Materials and Methods A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Wiley/Cochrane Library databases and a manual reference check of the identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses was executed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that compared two periods of immobilization, with reported functional, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes. Two reviewers independently agreed on eligibility, and assessed methodological quality and extracted outcome data.
Results The initial search yielded 3.384 studies. Twelve trials, with 1063 patients, were included in this systematic review. Grip strength and patient-reported outcome were better in patients treated by a shorter period of immobilization. There was no difference in pain, range of motion, or radiological outcome between different periods of immobilization. Owing to heterogeneity of studies, data were unsuitable for pooling.
Conclusion Included studies showed that there might be a preference for a shorter period of immobilization in nonoperatively treated distal radius fractures. Therefore, shortening the period of immobilization in distal radial fractures to a maximum of three weeks should be considered. Future research should include homogeneous groups of patients to draw valid conclusions on the appropriate period of immobilization for nonoperatively treated distal radial fractures.
Level of Evidence This is a Level II study.
Systematic Review Registration Number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018085524.
Apparent competing agreement patterns in Middle Low German non-restrictive relative clauses with a first or second person head
Authors: Farasyn Melissa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper updates Farasyn (2017), who charted the agreement patterns found in Middle Low German (non-restrictive) relative clauses with a first or second person head. In related West Germanic languages, these clauses show different types of agreement patterns. This study presents new corpus data illustrating how Middle Low German compares to these. Expanding on Farasyn (2017), it investigates the historical development and elements introducing the relative clause, showing that φ-features in older stages of the West Germanic languages are always encoded in the non-restrictive relative clause, though often in different positions. Middle Low German displays a remarkable stability in retaining a covert resumptive pronoun bearing φ-features. An apparent competing pattern with an overt resumptive is a later innovation, as are structures with third person agreement found in neighboring languages.
Against V2 in Old Spanish
Authors: Sitaridou Ioanna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, using rich data from 13th C. Spanish, it is argued that Old Spanish does not belong to any known V2 type of language, even the most flexible/relaxed attested type – the latter defined as mandatory verb movement from T-to-Fin/Force without the necessary raising of an XP to the preverbal field (as is the case in prototypical V2 languages such as German); neither does it constitute a new one for lack of evidence for formal movement of the verb to a C-related head. Instead, it is claimed that V2 effects in Old Spanish are due either because (i) verb movement is associated with some discourse effect or polarity; or, (ii) it is simply linear V2. Such V2 effects are trivially found in non-V2 languages and may also relate to rhetorical schemata and the discourse tradition.
What is a diachronically stable system in a language-contact situation?
Authors: Stein Achim , Ingham Richard P. , Trips Carola 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper we present data showing that the development of the English recipient passive (RP) was linked predominantly to verbs of French origin, although Old French (OF) did not have an RP. We present two explanations of the role that contact with French could have played in this development. The first explanation builds on the fact that only structurally case-marked arguments can become subjects of passive clauses and assumes that the RP was developed with French verbs because the OF structural dative was copied to Middle English (ME). The second explanation is that clause-taking ditransitive verbs in Anglo-French (AF, the variety of OF spoken in England) showed case idiosyncracies that licensed the RP in AF and may thus have acted as a bridge construction. We relate both explanations to current approaches in contact linguistics as well as to the degrees of stability of the three languages involved, ME, OF, and AF.
Expert‐level classification of ventilatory thresholds from cardiopulmonary exercising test data with recurrent neural networks
Authors: Zignoli Andrea , Fornasiero Alessandro , Stella Federico , Pellegrini Barbara , Schena Federico , Biral Francesco , Laursen Paul B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFirst and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) represent the boundaries of the moderate‐heavy and heavy‐severe exercise intensity. Currently, VTs are primarily detected visually from cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data, beginning with an initial data screening followed by data processing and statistical analysis. Automated VT detection is a challenging task owing to the high signal to noise ratio typical of CPET data. Recurrent neural networks describe a machine learning form of Artificial Intelligence that can be used to uncover complex non‐linear relationships between input and output variables. Here we proposed detection of VTs using a single neural network classifier, trained with a database of 228 laboratory CPET data. We tested the neural network performance against the judgement of 7 couples of board‐certified exercise‐physiologists on 25 CPET tests. The neural network achieved expert‐level performances across the tasks (mean absolute error was 9.5% (r = 0.79) and 4.2% (r = 0.94) for VT1 and VT2, respectively). Estimation errors are compatible with the typical error of the current gold standard visual methodology. The neural network demonstrated VT detecting and exercise intensity level classifying at a high competence level. Neural networks could potentially be embedded in CPET hardware/software to extend the reach of exercise physiologists beyond their laboratories.
Zeta functions associated to admissible representations of compact 𝑝-adic Lie groups
Authors: Kionke Steffen , Klopsch Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

LetGGbe a profinite group. A strongly admissible smooth representationϱ\varrhoofGGoverC{\mathbb {C}}decomposes as a direct sumϱ≅⨁π∈Irr(G)mπ(ϱ)π\varrho \cong \bigoplus _{\pi \in \text {Irr}(G)} m_\pi (\varrho ) \, \piof irreducible representations with finite multiplicities mπ(ϱ)m_\pi (\varrho )such that, for every positive integernn, the numberrn(ϱ)r_n(\varrho )of irreducible constituents of dimensionnnis finite. Examples arise naturally in the representation theory of reductive groups over nonarchimedean local fields. In this article we initiate an investigation of the Dirichlet generating function\[ζϱ(s)=∑n=1∞rn(ϱ)n−s=∑π∈Irr(G)mπ(ϱ)(dim⁡π)s\zeta _\varrho (s) = \sum \nolimits _{n=1}^\infty r_n(\varrho ) n^{-s} = \sum \nolimits _{\pi \in \text {Irr}(G)} \frac {m_\pi (\varrho )}{(\dim \pi )^s}\]associated to such a representationϱ\varrho.

Our primary focus is on representationsϱ=IndHG(σ)\varrho = \text {Ind}_H^G(\sigma )of compactpp-adic Lie groupsGGthat arise from finite-dimensional representationsσ\sigmaof closed subgroupsHHvia the induction functor. In addition to a series of foundational results—including a description in terms ofpp-adic integrals—we establish rationality results and functional equations for zeta functions of globally defined families of induced representations of potent pro-ppgroups. A key ingredient of our proof is Hironaka’s resolution of singularities, which yields formulae of Denef type for the relevant zeta functions.

In some detail we consider representations of open compact subgroups of reductivepp-adic groups that are induced from parabolic subgroups. Explicit computations are carried out by means of complementing techniques: (i) geometric methods that are applicable via distance-transitive actions on spherically homogeneous rooted trees, and (ii) thepp-adic Kirillov orbit method. Approach (i) is closely related to the notion of Gelfand pairs and works equally well in positive defining characteristic.
Ultrasound vs Endoscopy, Surgery, or Pathology for the Diagnosis of Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease and its Complications
Authors: Bollegala Natasha , Griller Nadia , Bannerman Heather , Habal Mohammed , Nguyen Geoffrey C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, we strive to achieve mucosal healing, as this has been shown to decrease the risk of disease flares, hospitalization, and surgery. For this reason, we must use objective measures of mucosal healing to inform our clinical decision-making and can no longer rely on patient symptoms alone. Assessment of small bowel Crohn’s disease (SBCD) is particularly challenging given its lack of accessibility via standard endoscopic techniques. Ultrasound (US) represents a readily available, cost-effective, minimally invasive, radiation-free alternative for the assessment of small bowel disease. In this study, we performed a systematic review to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing SBCD and its complications as compared with endoscopic visualization, surgery, and/or pathology.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. Prospective cohort studies published up to March 2017 were reviewed. References meeting all eligibility criteria were assessed at the full-text level by 2 independent reviewers. Sensitivity and specificity were collected where available.

Results
A total of 2817 unique references were identified. Twenty-two studies were included. All studies were at low–moderate risk of bias based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Transabdominal US (TAUS) yielded moderately high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SBCD and its postoperative recurrence. Detection was more accurate for severe postoperative recurrence. The diagnostic accuracy of US in stricture and abscess detection was high. Contrast enhancement improved the detection of abscess. Diagnostic detection of fistulas was of moderate accuracy. Entero-enteric fistulization and entero-mesenteric fistulization were most clearly identified.

Conclusions
Ultrasound can be used to diagnose SBCD in those with known or suspected Crohn’s disease. It can be used to detect postoperative recurrence and can accurately identify abscesses and fistulas, especially with the aid of contrast enhancement.
Assessing effects of genetic, environmental, and biotic gradients in species distribution modelling
Authors: Lowen J Benjamin , Hart Devorah R , Stanley Ryan R E , Lehnert Sarah J , Bradbury Ian R , DiBacco Claudio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo develop more reliable marine species distribution models (SDMs), we examine how genetic, climatic, and biotic interaction gradients give rise to prediction error in marine SDM. Genetic lineages with distinct ecological requirements spanning genetic gradients have yet to be treated separately in marine SDM, which are often constrained to modeling the potential distribution of one biological unit (e.g. lineage or species) at a time. By comparing SDM performance for the whole species or where observation and predictions were partitioned among geographically discontinuous genetic lineages, we first identified the appropriate biological unit for modeling sea scallop. Prediction errors, in particular contiguous omissions at the northern range margins were effectively halved in genetic lineage SDM (Total error=15%) verses whole species SDM. Remaining SDM prediction error was strongly associated with: i) Sharp climatic gradients (abrupt and persistent spatial shifts in limiting temperatures) found within continental shelf breaks and bottom channels. ii) A biotic gradient in the predation of sea scallop juveniles by the sand star within the Hudson Shelf USA. Our findings highlight how the accuracy of marine SDM is dependent on capturing the appropriate biological unit for modeling (e.g. lineages rather than species) and adequately resolving limiting abiotic and biotic interaction gradients.
What are the results of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridging to heart transplantation?
Authors: Urban Marian , Siddique Aleem , Merritt-Genore HelenMari , Um John 
Published: March 2019

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether heart transplantation is a viable treatment option in patients in refractory cardiogenic shock who could not be weaned off venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Altogether, 373 papers were found using the reported search, of which 7 papers represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Evidence is derived from 3 papers based on registry analysis, 1 multi-institutional study and 3 single-institution reviews. Early post-transplant mortality of ECMO-bridged recipients ranges from 18.7% to 33.3% and 1-year survival from 44.6% to 72.0%. High acuity of recipient illness reflected by poor renal function, mechanical ventilation, advanced age, elevated serum lactate predict inferior outcome. We conclude that heart transplantation results in patients bridged with VA ECMO are inferior when compared to published outcome of non-bridged recipients. In the era of severe organ shortage and intense public and regulatory scrutiny of the results, the decision to transplant a patient directly of VA ECMO needs to be made on a case-by-case basis. Potential gain in decreasing the waiting list mortality of these critically ill patients needs to be weighed against poorer post-transplantation mortality rates and mid- and long-term outcomes.
The Role of the IACUC in the Absence of Regulatory Guidance
Authors: Leland Stuart E , Straeter Pamela A , Gnadt Beverly Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) occasionally face regulatory requirements for which clear guidance may not be available. Either the regulating body has chosen not to provide such guidance or the guidance may be minimal or even ambiguous. Such guidance may be desirable when institutions have research needs, in which case IACUCs are left to their own interpretation to develop internal policies, procedures, and documents. Typically, this is approached by an IACUC working with partners in the laboratory animal community and may involve input from regulators who can provide context as well as parameters to consider. Over time, shared institutional experiences and documentation coalesce to create a general framework that provides a baseline for others to consider as templates for further policy elaboration or development. The strength of this approach relies on the ability to share freely, including having unobstructed access to such documents.
Reflective Modular Forms: A Jacobi Forms Approach
Authors: Wang Haowu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We give an explicit formula to express the weight of $2$-reflective modular forms. We prove that there is no $2$-reflective lattice of signature $(2,n)$ when $n\geq 15$ and $n\neq 19$ except the even unimodular lattices of signature $(2,18)$ and $(2,26)$. As applications, we give a simple proof of Looijenga’s theorem that the lattice $2U\oplus 2E_8(-1)\oplus \langle -2n\rangle $ is not $2$-reflective if $n&gt;1$. We also classify reflective modular forms on lattices of large rank and the modular forms with the simplest reflective divisors.