bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating growth-based harvest adaptive to future climate change
Authors: Yousefpour Rasoul , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Pongratz Julia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Forests are the main source of biomass production from solar energy and take
up around 2.4±0.4 PgC per year globally. Future changes in climate
may affect forest growth and productivity. Currently, state-of-the-art Earth
system models use prescribed wood harvest rates in future climate
projections. These rates are defined by integrated assessment models (IAMs),
only accounting for regional wood demand and largely ignoring the supply side
from forests. Therefore, we assess how global growth and harvest potentials
of forests change when they are allowed to respond to changes in
environmental conditions. For this, we simulate wood harvest rates oriented
towards the actual rate of forest growth. Applying this growth-based harvest
rule (GB) in JSBACH, the land component of the Max Planck Institute's
Earth system model, forced by several future climate scenarios, we realized a
growth potential 2 to 4 times (3–9 PgC yr−1) the harvest rates
prescribed by IAMs (1–3 PgC yr−1). Limiting GB to managed forest areas (MF), we simulated a harvest potential of 3–7 PgC yr−1, 2 to 3 times
higher than IAMs. This highlights the need to account for the dependence of
forest growth on climate. To account for the long-term effects of wood harvest as
integrated in IAMs, we added a life cycle analysis, showing that the higher
supply with MF as an adaptive forest harvesting rule may improve the net
mitigation effects of forest harvest during the 21st century by
sequestering carbon in anthropogenic wood products.
De algemene vergadering van aandeelhouders: van een niet-representatieve formaliteit naar een modern beslissingsplatform
Authors: Lafarre A.J.F. , van der Elst C.F. 
Published: January 2019

De algemene vergadering van aandeelhouders: van een niet-representatieve formaliteit naar een modern beslissingsplatform
Er bestaat een duidelijke kloof tussen de ondernemingsrechtelijke theorie en de praktijk als het gaat om de AVA van beursvennootschappen. De auteurs gaan in op deze bestaande problematiek, stellen een grondige modernisering van de AVA voor met moderne technologie en werpen een korte nieuwe blik op het Nederlandse corporate governance-bestel.
Calidad de vida en pacientes nefrópatas con distintos tratamientos en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en Nuevo León.
Authors: Hernández Cantú Enoc Isaí , Maldonado Saucedo Margarita 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) es una enfermedad con severas consecuencias para quien la padece. La diálisis, principal tratamiento sustitutivo renal, en sus distintas modalidades, invade la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Objetivo: Determinar si existen diferencias significativas de calidad de vida entre los pacientes que reciben diálisis o hemodiálisis en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en Nuevo León. Método: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, con un apartado cualitativo. Diseño trasversal, prospectivo, comparativo. De un total de 634 pacientes en tratamiento sustitutivo renal, se obtuvo una muestra probabilística de 241. Mediante selección aleatoria se aplicó un instrumento validado para calidad de vida y se entrevistó a los 20 sujetos con mayor tiempo de tratamiento.Resultados: La diálisis peritoneal permite una mejor calidad de vida que la hemodiálisis en aspectos de una menor limitación en la alimentación, mayor capacidad de trabajo en casa, libertad para viajar, menos tensión nerviosa, una mejor vida sexual y un mejor aspecto físico. Conclusiones: Trabajar las distintas áreas que conforman la calidad de vida podría contribuir considerablemente a elevar sus niveles. El enfoque actual de la nefrología se centra únicamente en la dimensión física, pero podemos concluir que hay otros factores que conforman e influyen sobre la vida y la salud.
Introduction: The chronic kidney disease it is an illness with severe consequences for who suffers it. The dialysis, main renal substitute treatment, in its different modalities, invades the quality of life of the patient and his family. Objective: To determine if significant differences of quality of life exist among the patients that receive dialysis or hemodialysis in a hospital of second level of attention in Nuevo León. Method: A quantitative focus study, with a qualitative section. It was a trasversal, prospective, and comparative design. Of a total of 634 patients in kidney substitute treatment, a probabilistic sampling of 241 was obtained. Through a random selection, the patients were interviewed with instrument validated for quality of life and the 20 subject with more time of treatment were interviewed by means of qualitative method. Results: The peritoneal dialysis allows a better quality of life that the hemodialysis in aspects like a smaller limitation in the feeding, bigger work capacity at home, freedom to travel, less nervous tension, a better sexual life and a better physical aspect. Conclusions: To work the different areas that conform the quality of life, could contribute considerably to elevate their levels. The current focus of the nephrology is only centered in the physical dimension, but we can conclude that there are other factors that conform and they influence about the life and the health.
TOXIFY: a deep learning approach to classify animal venom proteins
Authors: Cole T Jeffrey , Brewer Michael S 
Published: January 2019

In the era of Next-Generation Sequencing and shotgun proteomics, the sequences of animal toxigenic proteins are being generated at rates exceeding the pace of traditional means for empirical toxicity verification. To facilitate the automation of toxin identification from protein sequences, we trained Recurrent Neural Networks with Gated Recurrent Units on publicly available datasets. The resulting models are available via the novel software package TOXIFY, allowing users to infer the probability of a given protein sequence being a venom protein. TOXIFY is more than 20X faster and uses over an order of magnitude less memory than previously published methods. Additionally, TOXIFY is more accurate, precise, and sensitive at classifying venom proteins.
Availability: https://www.github.com/tijeco/toxify
Codependency in Relatives of Alcohol Addicts / A Codependencia em Familiares de Adictos
Authors: Melo Cynthia de Freitas , Cavalcante Ihan Souza 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Investigar o impacto gerado em mulheres que possuem familiares com alcoolismo, em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Método: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de cunho quanlitativo, que, por critério de saturação, contou com 11 participantes, mulheres familiares de pessoas com dependência ao álcool, que responderam a um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, compreendido por análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os discursos elencaram em sete classes temáticas: 1. Causas do consumo do álcool; 2. Consequências do beber para o alcoolista; 3. Comportamento da família diante do alcoolista; 4. Sentimentos recorrentes dos familiares; 5. Adoecimento da família com alcoolista; 6. Tipos de ajuda/tratamento para o alcoolista e a família; e 7. Expectativas futuras sobre o alcoolista. Conclusão: A família adoece junto ao alcoolista, necessitando de acompanhamento. Descritores:Alcoolismo, Codependência, Família.
The Profile and Work Process of Community Health Agents / Perfil e o Processo de Trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Garcia Ana Claudia Pinheiro , Lima Rita de Cassia Duarte , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Galavote Heletícia Scabelo , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: identificar o perfil e descrever o processo de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Método: estudo transversal descritivo, com 291 ACS vinculados a 136 equipes de saúde da família, a coleta de dados utilizou um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemograficas e seu processo de trabalho, realizou estatística descritiva e associações, por meio do teste através do teste Exato de Fisher e considerou significante p≤ 0,05. Resultados: (91,1%) eram do sexo feminino, a idade variou de 24 a 69 anos. Em relação à escolaridade, 85,5% referiram possuir ensino médio completo. Quanto ao processo de trabalho, 40,5% dos ACS sentem-se pouco seguros em relação ao vínculo de trabalho; o trabalho é mencionado como muito estressante por 68,7% dos entrevistados. Conclusão: conclui-se com esse estudo a necessidade de novas pesquisas afim de melhor compreender os eventos produtores de estresse nos ACS.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: the Knowledge of Health Professionals Towards Prevention and Educational Measures / Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica: Conhecimento dos Profissionais de Saúde Acerca da Prevenção e Medidas Educativas
Authors: Melo Mariane Menezes , Santiago Luciana Maria Montenegro , Nogueira Denise Lima , Vasconcelos Maria de Fatima Pinho 
Published: January 2019

Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prevenção da Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) em pacientes críticos internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) e, promover educação permanente (EP) para profissionais das UTIs sobre prevenção de PAVM. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados, entre agosto e outubro de 2015, através de um questionário e analisados através dos Softwares Microsoft Excel 2013 e Epi Info 7. Participaram da pesquisa 28 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: 43% afirmou ter conhecimento sobre bundle de prevenção; 36% citaram já terem participado de algum treinamento sobre a temática; 96% manifestou interesse em receber algum treinamento específico; apenas 25% responderam corretamente a pressão ideal do cuff; 96% afirmou avaliar, diariamente, a retirada da sedação. Após a análise, foi realizada uma EP com os profissionais. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que existe uma fragilidade no conhecimento dos profissionais relativo à prevenção de PAVM.
Facile Synthesis of Unsolvated Alkali Metal Octahydrotriborate Salts MB3H8 (M=K, Rb, and Cs), Mechanisms of Formation, and the Crystal Structure of KB3H8
Authors: Chen Xi‐Meng , Ma Nana , Liu Xin‐Ran , Wei Changgeng , Cui Chong‐Chao , Cao Bu‐La , Guo Yanhui , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Gu Qinfen , Chen Xuenian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA facile synthesis of heavy alkali metal octahydrotriborates (MB3H8; M=K, Rb, and Cs) has been developed. It is simply based on reactions of the pure alkali metals with THF⋅BH3, does not require the use of electron carriers or the addition of other reaction media such as mercury, silica gel, or inert salts as for previous procedures, and delivers the desired products at room temperature in very high yields. However, no reactions were observed when pure Li or Na was used. The reaction mechanisms for the heavy alkali metals were investigated both experimentally and computationally. The low sublimation energies of K, Rb, and Cs were found to be key for initiation of the reactions. The syntheses can be carried out at room temperature because all of the elementary reaction steps have low energy barriers, whereas reactions of LiBH4/NaBH4 with THF⋅BH3 have to be carried out under reflux. The high stability and solubility of KB3H8 were examined, and a crystal structure thereof was obtained for the first time.
Probabilistic mean value theorems for conditioned random variables with applications
Authors: Di Crescenzo Antonio , Psarrakos Georgios 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a probabilistic analogue of the mean value theorem for conditional nonnegative random variables ordered in the hazard rate and reversed hazard rate order, upon conditioning on intervals of the form (t,∞) and [0,t]. This result is then specialized within the proportional hazards model and the proportional reversed hazards model with applications to series systems in reliability theory and to absorption random times of linear birth‐death processes. We also study the comparison of residual entropies and discuss some connections to Wasserstein and stop‐loss distances of random variables. A treatment for the additive hazard rate model is finally provided, with an application to life annuities.
Ultra‐high‐pressure‐assisted extraction of wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone from Ecliptae Herba and purification by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Cheng Supan , Zhang Longfei , Dong Hongjing , Zhang Yongqing , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUltra‐high‐pressure extraction combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was employed to extract and purify wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone from Ecliptae Herba. The operating conditions of ultra‐high‐pressure extraction were optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The optimal conditions were 80% aqueous methanol solvent, 200 MPa pressure, 3 min extraction time and 1:20 (g/mL) solid–liquid ratio for extraction of wedelolactone and isodemethylwedelolactone. After extraction by ultra‐high pressure, the extraction solution was concentrated and subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate; a total of 2.1 g of crude sample was obtained from 100 g of Ecliptae Herba. A two‐phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (3:7:5:5, v/v) was used for high‐speed counter‐current chromatography separation, by which 23.5 mg wedelolactone, 6.8 mg isodemethylwedelolactone and 5.5 mg luteolin with purities >95% were purified from 300 mg crude sample in a one‐step separation. This research demonstrated that ultra‐high‐pressure extraction combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography was an efficient technique for the extraction and purification of coumestans from plant material.
Is it worth turning a trigger into a joke? Humor as an emotion regulation strategy in remitted depression
Authors: Braniecka Anna , Hanć Małgorzata , Wołkowicz Iwona , Chrzczonowicz‐Stępień Agnieszka , Mikołajonek Agnieszka , Lipiec Monika 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimHumor has long been considered as an effective emotion regulation strategy for people vulnerable to depression, but empirical evidence in this area is scarce. To address this issue, we investigated the emotional consequences of humor in remitted depressed patients and compared them with the effects of positive reappraisal and spontaneous emotion regulation.MethodsFifty‐five patients with remitted major depression took part in a laboratory computer experiment in which they were shown negative pictures twice. First, the patients simply viewed the pictures and rated their reactions. Second, they viewed each of the pictures according to instructions, which are to (a) use humor, (b) use positive reappraisal, or (c) simply view the pictures, and then, they again rated their reactions.ResultsHumor was found to decrease negative emotions, increase positive emotions, and enhance the distance from adversity; it was more effective than spontaneous emotion regulation and similarly as effective as positive reappraisal. Humor was the most effortful form of emotion regulation. Patients were able to successfully produce humorous comments, and their failure to do so did not lead to worse emotional outcomes than regulating emotions spontaneously. The analyses also indicated that distancing mediates between using humor and the intensity of positive and negative emotions.ConclusionsOur findings provide preliminary empirical support for the idea that for individuals vulnerable to depression, humor can be an adaptive tool in dealing with negative responses to aversive events, and, thus, it may impair their potential of these events to trigger depressive episodes. Further studies in this area are warranted to determine the most adaptive forms of humor and analyze their effects in various depressogenic contexts.
Nonseparable covariance models on circles cross time: A study of Mexico City ozone
Authors: White P. A. , Porcu E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe propose a continuous spatiotemporal model for Mexico City ozone levels that account for distinct daily seasonality, as well as variation across the city and over the peak ozone season (April and May) of 2017. To account for these patterns, we use covariance models over space, circles, and time. We review relevant existing covariance models and develop new classes of nonseparable covariance models appropriate for seasonal data collected at many locations. We compare the predictive performance of a variety of models that utilize various nonseparable covariance functions. We use the best model to predict hourly ozone levels at unmonitored locations in April and May to infer compliance with Mexican air quality standards and to estimate the respiratory health risk associated with ozone exposure. We find that predicted compliance with air quality standards and estimated respiratory health risk vary greatly over space and time. In some regions, we predict exceedance of national standards for more than a third of the hours in April and May, and on many days, we predict that nearly all of Mexico City exceeds nationally legislated ozone thresholds at least once. In southern Mexico City, we estimate the respiratory risk for ozone to be 55% higher, on average, than the annual average risk and as much at 170% higher on some days.
Pricing variance swaps under the Hawkes jump‐diffusion process
Authors: Liu Weiyi , Zhu Song‐Ping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical approach for pricing variance swaps with discrete sampling times when the underlying asset follows a Hawkes jump‐diffusion process characterized with both stochastic volatility and clustered jumps. A significantly simplified method, with which there is no need to solve partial differential equations, is used to derive a closed‐form pricing formula. A distinguished feature is that many recently published formulas can be shown to be special cases of the one presented here. Some numerical examples are provided with results demonstrating that jump clustering indeed has a significant impact on the price of variance swaps.
Oral cavity cancer management guidelines for low‐resource regions
Authors: Cervenka Brian , Pipkorn Patrik , Fagan Johannes , Zafereo Mark , Aswani Joyce , Macharia Chege , Kundiona Innocent , Mashamba Victor , Zender Chad , Moore Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer has been well described in developed countries, however, in regions with fewer medical resources, alternative methods may need to be used. We outline an approach to evaluation and treatment of oral cavity cancer in low‐resource areas.MethodsReviews of the Cochrane and Pubmed databases were performed and literature compiled. Expert opinions from the American and African Head and Neck Societies were also provided.ResultsTreatment guidelines for managing oral cavity cancer in low‐resource regions are outlined and the level of supporting evidence is defined.DiscussionSuccessful treatment typically involves the use of upfront surgical resection of the primary lesion and any involved or at‐risk cervical lymph node basins, with adjuvant therapy based on the final pathology findings. In situations where services such as adjuvant therapy and/or appropriate reconstruction are not available, alternative approaches to treatment may be needed.
Development and validation of an advanced fragment analysis‐based assay for the detection of 22 pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and encephalitis
Authors: Long Fang , Kong Mimi , Wu Siying , Zhang Weili , Liao Quanfeng , Peng Zaisheng , Nan Li , Liu Ya , Wang Minjin , He Chao , Wu Yong , Lu Xiaojun , Kang Mei 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMeningitis and encephalitis (ME) are central nervous system (CNS) infections mainly caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites that result in high morbidity and mortality. The early, accurate diagnosis of pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and timely medication are associated with better prognosis. Conventional methods, such as culture, microscopic examination, serological detection, CSF routine analysis, and radiological findings, either are time‐consuming or lack sensitivity and specificity.MethodsTo address these clinical needs, we developed an advanced fragment analysis (AFA)‐based assay for the multiplex detection of 22 common ME pathogens, including eight viruses, 11 bacteria, and three fungi. The detection sensitivity of each target was evaluated with a recombinant plasmid. The limits of detection of the 22 pathogens ranged from 15 to 120 copies/reaction. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the pathogens from the CSF specimens of 170 clinically diagnosed ME patients using an AFA‐based assay and compared the results with culture (bacteria and fungi), microscopic examination (fungi), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and Sanger sequencing (virus) results.ResultsThe sensitivity of the AFA assay was 100% for 10 analytes. For Cryptococcus neoformans, the sensitivity was 63.6%. The overall specificity was 98.2%. The turnaround time was reduced to 4‐6 hours from the 3‐7 days required using conventional methods.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the AFA‐based assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for pathogen detection from CSF samples.
Detection of 21q11.2‐q22.11 deletions in a fetus by NIPT
Authors: Zheng Yunyun , Chen Biliang , Wan Shanning , Xu Hui , Dang Yinghui , Song Tingting , Li Yu , Zhang Jianfang 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundNon‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is extensively used in the detection of fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13, which is promptly becoming a common clinical practice. Concerned about the clinical application of non‐invasive detection of the fetal autosomal duplications or deletion.Case PresentationA 34‐year‐old, healthy pregnant woman was referred to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University. The ultrasound examination indicates that low‐lying placenta, the fetus has a left ventricular bright spot and small amount of pericardial effusion. NIPT was chosen to further screen for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. NIPT results indicated an approximately 18 Mb deletion, which was verified by prenatal diagnosis. The chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) result showed about 19.2 Mb deletions in 21q11.2‐q22.11. The karyotype analysis result showed 46,XN,del(21)(q11.2q22.1). Prenatal diagnosis was consistent with NIPT results, and the paternal karyotype revealed no obvious abnormalities.ConclusionIn this study, we successfully detected and diagnosed deletions of large fragments in chromosome 21 in a fetus using NIPT. This indicates that NIPT can provide effective genetic information for detecting fetal subchromosomal deletions/duplications.