bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B Cell–Intrinsic STING Signaling Triggers Cell Activation, Synergizes with B Cell Receptor Signals, and Promotes Antibody Responses
Authors: Walker Melissa M. , Crute Bergren W. , Cambier John C. , Getahun Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Generation of protective immune responses requires coordinated stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. An important mediator of innate immunity is stimulator of IFN genes (STING, MPYS, MITA), a ubiquitously but differentially expressed adaptor molecule that functions in the relay of signals initiated by sensing of cytosolic DNA and bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs). Whereas systemic expression of STING is required for CDN-aided mucosal Ab responses, its function in B cells in particular is unclear. In this study, we show that B cells can be directly activated by CDNs in a STING-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Direct activation of B cells by CDNs results in upregulation of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production and this can be accompanied by caspase-dependent cell death. CDN-induced cytokine production by B cells and other cell types also contributes to activation and immune responses. Type I IFN is primarily responsible for this indirect stimulation although other cytokines may contribute. BCR and STING signaling pathways act synergistically to promote Ab responses independent of type I IFN. B cell expression of STING is required for optimal in vivo IgG and mucosal IgA Ab responses induced by T cell–dependent Ags and cyclic-di-GMP but plays no discernable role in Ab responses in which alum is used as an adjuvant. Thus, STING functions autonomously in B cells responding to CDNs, and its activation synergizes with Ag receptor signals to promote B cell activation.
IL-2/CD25: A Long-Acting Fusion Protein That Promotes Immune Tolerance by Selectively Targeting the IL-2 Receptor on Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ward Natasha C. , Yu Aixin , Moro Alejandro , Ban Yuguang , Chen Xi , Hsiung Sunnie , Keegan James , Arbanas Jaren M. , Loubeau Martine , Thankappan Anil , Yamniuk Aaron P. , Davis Jonathan H. , Struthers Mary , Malek Thomas R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 represents an immunotherapy to selectively expand regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote tolerance in patients with autoimmunity. In this article, we show that a fusion protein (FP) of mouse IL-2 and mouse IL-2Rα (CD25), joined by a noncleavable linker, has greater in vivo efficacy than rIL-2 at Treg expansion and control of autoimmunity. Biochemical and functional studies support a model in which IL-2 interacts with CD25 in the context of this FP in trans to form inactive head-to-tail dimers that slowly dissociate into an active monomer. In vitro, IL-2/CD25 has low sp. act. However, in vivo IL-2/CD25 is long lived to persistently and selectively stimulate Tregs. In female NOD mice, IL-2/CD25 administration increased Tregs within the pancreas and reduced the instance of spontaneous diabetes. Thus, IL-2/CD25 represents a distinct class of IL-2 FPs with the potential for clinical development for use in autoimmunity or other disorders of an overactive immune response.
Effect of adhesive mode and chlorhexidine on microtensile strength of universal bonding agent to sound and caries-affected dentins
Authors: Lima Joyce Figueiredo Macedo de , Wajngarten Danielle , Islam Fariya , Clifford Johanna , Botta Ana Carolina 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the effect of the adhesive mode and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile strength of a universal bonding agent to sound and caries-affected dentins. Materials and Methods: Six intact third molars and six decayed third molars were sectioned to obtain two middle dentin specimens per tooth. Prime and Bond Elect Universal (Dentsply) was applied to specimens in two different modes: Etch-and-rinse (ER, phosphoric acid for 15s) and self-etch (SE, no phosphoric acid). 2% CHX (Cavity Cleanser, Bisco) was applied to both dentins for 30 s. Specimens were randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 3) according to the treatments applied to sound and caries-affected dentins: SE; ER; SE + CHX; and ER + CHX. All specimens were restored with TPH Spectra High Viscosity (Dentsply) composite resin and sectioned to obtain specimens of 0.8 ± 0.1 mm2. The microtensile bond strength test was conducted at 1 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparisons' test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between sound dentin and caries-affected dentin (P = 0.132). The highest bond strength was obtained with the application of the ER (31.81MPa). SE + CHX promoted the lowest bond strength with no statistical difference to ER + CHX (P > 0.05). Conclusions: ER mode for the universal bonding agent yielded the highest bond strength to sound and caries-affected dentins. CHX reduced the bond strength to both dentins regardless the application of phosphoric acid. Clinical Significance: The universal bonding agent increased the bond strength to sound and caries-affected dentins when applied by the ER mode.
Remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica em unidade neonatal
Authors: Prado Nanete Caroline da Costa , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Costa Romanniny Hévillyn Silva , Delgado Millena Freire 
Published: October 2018

Objetivou-se identificar os fatores determinantes da remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Estudo transversal, realizado em uma maternidade referência no atendimento materno-infantil de alto risco situada no Nordeste do Brasil. A coleta foi realizada com 108 neonatos e ocorreu no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2016. Observou-se a prevalência de neonatos do sexo masculino (60,19%), nascidos de parto cesárea (74,07%) e baixo peso ao nascer (29,62%). A remoção não eletiva ocorreu em 41,66% neonatos por infiltração (12,03%), tração acidental (11,11%), ruptura externa (9,25%), oclusão (5,55%), mau posicionamento (1,85%) e suspeita de infecção (1,85%). A prevalência e os fatores de remoção não eletiva indicam a necessidade de estratégias por parte da Enfermagem na prevenção de complicações evitáveis relacionadas ao cateter, destacando-se a capacitação e aprimoramento de habilidades quanto à inserção, manutenção, retirada e observação desse dispositivo.
Percepção da família de adolescentes sobre o cuidado no contexto do consumo de drogas
Authors: Sena Edite Lago da Silva , Santos Vanessa Thamyris Carvalho dos , Subrinho Lucas Queiroz , Carvalho Patrícia Anjos Lima de 
Published: October 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender como o cuidado relacionado ao consumo de drogas é percebido pelos familiares de estudantes do ensino médio, à luz do pensamento de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Realizado no primeiro semestre de 2015, no domicílio de 14 familiares de estudantes de escola pública no interior da Bahia, Brasil, por meio de entrevista fenomenológica. As descrições vivenciais produzidas foram submetidas à técnica Analítica da Ambiguidade. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de a família e a escola participarem do cuidado relacionado ao consumo de drogas, com vistas à construção coletiva de projetos de vida mais saudáveis. Ao mesmo tempo, os dados apontam a importância de fortalecer a política de redução de danos. O estudo contrasta a visão objetivista em relação ao tema e mostra a importância das ações intersetoriais para o cuidado humano mais efetivo no contexto do consumo de drogas.
Cuidados de Enfermagem na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso: revisão integrativa
Authors: Barp Milara , Carneiro Viviane Santos Mendes , Amaral Kelle Vanessa Alvares , Pagotto Valéria , Malaquias Suelen Gomes 
Published: October 2018

Este estudo buscou identificar na literatura científica quais os cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do Tromboembolismo Venoso (TEV) em pacientes hospitalizados.Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Public/Publish Medline(PUBMED) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Incluíram-se estudos em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados entre 2006-2016, que apresentassem ações de Enfermagem na prevenção do TEV nos pacientes hospitalizados, para a localização dos estudos utilizou-se o cruzamento dos termos “cuidados de enfermagem”, “prevenção” e “tromboembolismo venoso”. Predominaram os cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do TEV categorizados em “implementação da avaliação do risco de TEV”, “intervenções mecânicas e físicas” e “ensino ao paciente sobre TEV”. Esses achados podem contribuir para sistematização da assistência de enfermagem pela ampliação e direcionamento das possibilidades de cuidados, além de favorecer autonomia do enfermeiro, subsidiar pesquisas de validação e reforçar a implementação de Enfermagem Vascular como área de especialidade.
Deficiências e incapacidades na hanseníase: do diagnóstico à alta por cura
Authors: Santana Emanuelle Malzac Freire de , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves de , Nogueira Jordana De Almeida , Leadebal Oriana Deyze Correia Paiva , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes , Silva Mirian Alves da , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira 
Published: October 2018

Objetivou-se comparar o grau de incapacidade física, os sítios corporais afetados, as deficiências e incapacidades presentes e os nervos acometidos no diagnóstico e na alta em pacientes com hanseníase. Trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido entre 2009 e 2014 em centro de referência para hanseníase na Paraíba. Envolveu 414 prontuários, utilizando formulário estruturado. Os dados foram analisados através de técnicas de estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e percentagem) e inferencial (Teste de Wilcoxon e Mcnemar). Nota-se decréscimo do acometimento dos sítios corporais (nariz p=0,000), das deficiências (ressecamento p=0,002 e ferida p=0,000 no nariz e úlcera p=0,004 nos pés) e da quantidade de nervos afetados (p=0,000) entre o diagnóstico e a alta por cura. Na análise dos anos 2009-2014 observa-se redução da quantidade de pacientes apresentando grau de incapacidade física 2. Conclui-se, portanto, que mesmo após a alta os pacientes estão propícios a desenvolver ou agravar incapacidades físicas, necessitando de acompanhamento periódico.
COCCIDIOSE HEPATICA EM Aspistor quadriscutis, Valenciennes, 1840 (TELEOSTEI: ARIIDAE) CAPTURADOS NO ESTUÁRIO DO NORDESTE PARAENSE, AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL.
Authors: Ramos Ana Beatriz Mendes Amaral , Saco dos Santos Patrícia De Fátima , Hemeterio Lenize Carolina Alves , Santos Weverton John Pinheiro dos , Araújo Rebeca Silva de , Matos Edilson Rodrigues 
Published: October 2018

A qualidade do pescado é um fator limitante para a não proliferação de patologias para o ser humano, existindo atualmente vários agentes patogênicos. O gênero Calyptospora abarca uma variedade de formas patogênicas e parasitárias que podem incidir em peixes, aves e moluscos bivalves. Durante esse estudo foram coletados 38 espécimes de Aspistor quadriscutis (bagre ou bagrebranco) no estuário do município de São Caetano de Odivelas, na microrregião do Salgado. Os peixes foram capturados, transportados ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Carlos Azevedo – LPCA/UFRA, e necropsiados para análise da região hepática. Os lobo hepáticos apresentavam manchas acinzentadas. Retirou-se fragmentos da região para observar a morfologia tecidual e verificar a presença de parasitos. Foram encontrados vacúolos parasitóforos, contendo quatro esporocistos e em cada, dois esporozoítos, como características dos coccídios, gênero Calyptospora. Após, o fígado foi colhido e fixado em Davidson, desidratado em série alcoólica crescente, diafanizado em xilol, impregnado em parafina líquida, incluídos para o posterior corte histológico. Com cortes de 5µ os tecidos foram corados em Ziehl-Neelsen e Hematoxilina&Eosina, e montados em lâmin/lamínula com entellan, para confirmação dos achados patológicos.
INFLUENCE OF THE MODEL SIZE IN THE NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF THE AVERAGE THERMAL STRESSES IN AN MMC COMPOSITE
Authors: Miranda C. A. de J. , Libardi R. M. P. , Marcelino S. , Boari Z. M. de 
Published: October 2018

In previous works the authors discussed some issues related to a specific metallic matrix composites (MMC), the Aluminum matrix reinforced with SiC particles (Al+SiC) which has a metal matrix (powder) mixed with ceramic particles. These materials have some advantages when used as a structural material such as their high strength and good conformability. Their properties depend, among others, on the volumetric ratio, the particles size and distribution besides the matrix microstructure itself. Some of them are obtained at elevated temperature what produces a thermal stress state in the material. The Al+SiC is one of the later. The powder mix is extruded at 600oC and it is used at 20oC. Several numerical analyses were performed considering the random distribution of the particles and a non-linear behavior in the aluminum matrix. The results showed strong influence of the aluminum elastic-plastic behavior in the composite thermal stress distribution due to its manufacturing process. However, one issue remained: the size of the model. It represents the central portion of a Al+SiC bar which is only about 10 times the size of a single particle (~10L). The present work investigates, always numerically, the influence of the model size on the thermal stress distribution. It considers 2 sets of non-linear analyses with random distributed particles: one with 20 models with size of 20L each one, the other set with another 20 models with size 40L. This approach allows a view of the results tendency compared with the 10L ones. As done before, the modeled volumetric ratio has a very tight range of values with its average very near to the value in an actual Al+SiC composite. It is showed that the first model size was already enough to get good results without sacrificing neither the computer nor the analyst time.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Bianchi Marcus V. A. 
Published: October 2018

The search for sustainable energy solutions has accelerated significantly in recent years driven by concerns caused by supply limitations, such as Peak Oil (or Gas, Coal, and Uranium), and by climate change. Many communities and industries are now facing the prospect of increased energy costs, potential energy supply disruptions, and carbon emission limits. Recently, the scientific academies of 13 countries1 (including Brazil) issued a joint statement calling on world leaders to increase energy efficiency, promote a shift to less-polluting energy sources, and intensify research into new energy technologies that produce no emissions. Also recently, a coalition of 16 of the world’s biggest cities (São Paulo is one of them), under a plan developed by the William J. Clinton Foundation2, pledged investments of billions of dollars to cut building energy use and releases of heat-trapping gases linked to global warming.The field of thermal sciences plays a critical role in managing these challenges. In a recent initiative, the National Science Foundation3 invited a number of thermal science researchers to identify frontier challenges and associated opportunities in five areas, one of which was sustainable energy technologies (the remaining were biological systems and biotechnology, security, information technology, and nanotechnology). While a final report was not yet published when this editorial was written, the passionate discussions pointed to action in research and education from academic institutions, government, and industry. Some of the topics discussed include fuel cells, seawater agriculture, biomass, sustainability metrics, carbon sequestration, and broad education of non-technical individuals on thermal sciences.The research findings published in Engenharia Térmica in the past have shown significant progress in areas related to energy, particularly oil and renewables. We are confident we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that help enable sustainable energy solutions in the near future.
INVERSE ANALYSIS APPLIED TO AN ILLUMINATION DESIGN
Authors: Schneider P. S. , França F. H. R. 
Published: October 2018

This work investigates the application of the inverse analysis to an illumination design of a three-dimensional rectangular enclosure. The problem consists of finding the luminous fluxes on the light source elements, located on the top of the enclosure, that satisfies a prescribed uniform luminous flux on the design surface, located on the bottom surface. The solution assumes that all the surfaces emit and reflect diffusely, and that the hemispheric spectral emissivities are wavelength independent in the visible region of the spectrum. The inverse analysis is described by a system of linear equations that is expected to be ill-conditioned since it involves the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. To tackle the ill-conditioned system of equations, the TSVD (Truncated Singular Value Decomposition) regularization method is applied. In addition to presenting a methodology to solve for the luminous exchanges in a enclosure, starting from a thermal radiation energy balance, this work considers two design cases: one in which the light source elements cover the entire top surface; and one in which a reduced number of light sources are considered, a more practical solution. In both cases, the proposed inverse design is capable of providing a solution that satisfies the prescribed luminous flux on the design surface within average and maximum errors less than 1.0 % and 5.0 %, respectively.
POROUS MEDIA MICROSTRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTION USING PIXEL-BASED AND OBJECT-BASED SIMULATED ANNEALING – COMPARISON WITH OTHER RECONSTRUCTION METHODS
Authors: Diógenes A. N. , Dos Santos L. O. E. , Fernandes C. P. , Moreira A. C. , Apolloni C. R. 
Published: October 2018

In this contribution the issue of the stochastic reconstruction of particulatemedia from 2D photomicrographic images is addressed with particular reference to pore space connectivity. The reconstruction of porous bodies in 2D or 3D space was achieved by using simulated annealing techniques. Two methods were proposed to reconstruct a well connected pore space. The first, named PSA (Pixel-based Simulated Annealing), a pixel-movement based, three constraints were found to be necessary for the successful reconstruction of well connected pore space: the two-pointcorrelation function, the d3-4 distance transform distribution and the linealpath function for the pore phase. The second, named OSA (Object-based Simulated Annealing), only constrains the two-point correlation function. Following several researches which tried to reconstruct porous media using pixel-movement based simulated techniques, we propose a new parameter to add a microstructure descriptor, but we also propose a new technique, based in moving the microstructure grains (spheres) instead of the pixels. Both methods were applied to reconstruct reservoir rocks microstructures, and the 2D and 3D results were compared with microstructures reconstructed by truncated Gaussian methods. The PSA resulted in microstructures characterized by poor pore space connectivity, and by artificial patterns, while the OSA reconstructed microstructures with good pore space connectivity. These results indicate that the OSA method can reconstruct better microstructures than the present methods.
Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Schechter Shula , Lamps Laura 
Published: October 2018

Context.—
The liver is frequently affected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but involvement is commonly subclinical and self-limited. Severe and potentially fatal EBV hepatitis has also been occasionally reported in immunocompromised patients and, even more rarely, in immunocompetent individuals.

Objective.—
To provide a review of the clinicopathologic findings of EBV hepatitis, with a focus on microscopic features and ancillary testing with a brief discussion of the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—
Analysis of the pertinent literature (PubMed) and clinical practice experience based on institutional materials.

Conclusions.—
Characteristic microscopic findings in EBV hepatitis include a diffuse lymphocytic sinusoidal infiltrate in a “string of beads” pattern, expansion of portal tracts by a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate, and intact lobular architecture. In situ hybridization of EBV-encoded RNA is a helpful ancillary test. Correlation of clinical history, laboratory findings, and histopathologic features is essential to distinguish EBV hepatitis from autoimmune liver diseases, transplant rejection, lymphomas, and drug-induced liver injury.
Atypical Ductal Lesions of the Breast: Criteria, Significance, and Laboratory Updates
Authors: East Ellen G. , Carter Cody S. , Kleer Celina G. 
Published: October 2018

Context.—
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a challenging diagnosis defined by cytologic and architectural features that carries an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma when diagnosed in isolation. In addition, ADH may secondarily involve benign breast lesions, wherein it carries variable clinical significance.

Objectives.—
To review the diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of ADH in isolation and as it involves benign breast lesions, and to review the evolving literature on its molecular signature.

Data Sources.—
Recently published studies that collectively examine ADH were reviewed.

Conclusions.—
Atypical ductal hyperplasia carries an increased risk of subsequent carcinoma in isolation and when it involves most benign breast lesions. Identifying which cases of ADH will be upgraded to carcinoma has been challenging, and new laboratory developments, such as EZH2 overexpression, may have a future role.
Le Tombeau de Rameau de Gérard Pesson : composer avec l’histoire
Authors: Gornet Adèle 
Published: October 2018

Comment écrire pour le clavecin seul aujourd’hui ? Plus d’un siècle après sa redécouverte, celui-ci est ancré dans son répertoire ancien. En se mettant à la création d’une oeuvre pour cet instrument, le compositeur exprime un certain regard sur l’histoire de la musique en général et de cet instrument en particulier. Le Tombeau de Rameau de Gérard Pesson interroge l’enjeu de l’hommage à travers l’écriture pour cet instrument historique. Excluant l’emploi de la citation directe, c’est par l’intégration intime de techniques d’écriture et de genres anciens que Gérard Pesson incorpore l’histoire à son oeuvre.
Dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission evokes a delayed excitation in lateral dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Chuhma Nao , Mingote Susana , Yetnikoff Leora , Kalmbach Abigail , Ma Thong , Ztaou Samira , Sienna Anna-Claire , Tepler Sophia , Poulin Jean-Francois , Ansorge Mark , Awatramani Rajeshwar , Kang Un Jung , Rayport Stephen 
Published: October 2018

Dopamine neurons have different synaptic actions in the ventral and dorsal striatum (dStr), but whether this heterogeneity extends to dStr subregions has not been addressed. We have found that optogenetic activation of dStr dopamine neuron terminals in mouse brain slices pauses the firing of cholinergic interneurons in both the medial and lateral subregions, while in the lateral subregion the pause is shorter due to a subsequent excitation. This excitation is mediated mainly by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and partially by dopamine D1-like receptors coupled to transient receptor potential channel 3 and 7. DA neurons do not signal to spiny projection neurons in the medial dStr, while they elicit ionotropic glutamate responses in the lateral dStr. The DA neurons mediating these excitatory signals are in the substantia nigra (SN). Thus, SN dopamine neurons engage different receptors in different postsynaptic neurons in different dStr subregions to convey strikingly different signals.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).