bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervening with Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up to decrease disrupted parenting behavior and attachment disorganization: The role of parental withdrawal
Authors: Yarger Heather A. , Bronfman Elisa , Carlson Elizabeth , Dozier Mary 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC; Dozier, Bick, & Bernard, 2011) in reducing disrupted parenting behavior (affective communication errors, role/boundary confusion, fearful/disoriented, intrusive/negativity, and withdrawal) and its association with disorganized attachment. Participants were 105 mother–child dyads randomized to receive either ABC or a control intervention (a 10-session home-visiting intervention focused on improving children's cognitive abilities, gross and fine motor abilities, and language development). At the time of study enrollment, mothers were approximately 26.7 years old (SD = 7.8) and predominantly Black or African American (73.9%). At the first follow-up visit, children were approximately 20.7 months old (SD = 6.3) and most were identified as Black or African American (61.9%). Fifty-two percent of children were male (n = 55). Assessments of disrupted parenting behavior and child attachment quality were assessed approximately 7 months postintervention (SD = 5.8). A one-way analysis of variance revealed that parents who received ABC demonstrated lower levels of parental withdrawal than parents who received the control condition. A structural equation model revealed a significant indirect effect of intervention group on attachment quality through lower levels of parental withdrawal. Results add to the efficacy of the ABC intervention and identified parental withdrawal as a mediator of change.
A meta-analytic review of parenting interventions in foster care and adoption
Authors: Schoemaker Nikita K. , Wentholt Wilma G. M. , Goemans Anouk , Vermeer Harriet J. , Juffer Femmie , Alink Lenneke R. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFoster and adoptive parents often face challenges while taking care of children who, due to their adverse early life experiences, are at risk of developing insecure attachment relationships, behavior problems, and stress dysregulation. Several intervention programs have been developed to help foster and adoptive parents to overcome these challenges. In the current study, a series of eight meta-analyses were performed to examine the effectiveness of these intervention programs on four parent outcomes (sensitive parenting,k= 11,N= 684; dysfunctional discipline,k= 4,N= 239; parenting knowledge and attitudes,k= 7,N= 535; parenting stress,k= 18,N= 1,306), three child outcomes (attachment security,k= 6,N= 395; behavior problems,k= 33,N= 2,661; diurnal cortisol levels,k= 3,N= 261), and placement disruption (k= 7,N= 1,100). Results show positive effects for the four parent outcomes and child behavior problems, but not for attachment security, child diurnal cortisol levels, or placement disruption. Indirect effects on child outcomes may be delayed, and therefore long-term follow-up studies are needed to examine the effects of parenting interventions on children.
The Influence of Plankton Community Structure on Sinking Velocity and Remineralization Rate of Marine Aggregates
Authors: Bach L. T. , Stange P. , Taucher J. , Achterberg E. P. , Algueró‐Muñiz M. , Horn H. , Esposito M. , Riebesell U. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGravitational sinking of photosynthetically fixed particulate organic carbon (POC) constitutes a key component of the biological carbon pump. The fraction of POC leaving the surface ocean depends on POC sinking velocity (SV) and remineralization rate (Cremin), both of which depend on plankton community structure. However, the key drivers in plankton communities controlling SV and Cremin are poorly constrained. In fall 2014, we conducted a 6‐week mesocosm experiment in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean to study the influence of plankton community structure on SV and Cremin. Oligotrophic conditions prevailed for the first 3 weeks, until nutrient‐rich deep water injected into all mesocosms stimulated diatom blooms. SV declined steadily over the course of the experiment due to decreasing CaCO3 ballast and—according to an optical proxy proposed herein—due to increasing aggregate porosity mostly during an aggregation event after the diatom bloom. Furthermore, SV was positively correlated with the contribution of picophytoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass. Cremin was highest during a Synechococcus bloom under oligotrophic conditions and in some mesocosms during the diatom bloom after the deep water addition, while it was particularly low during harmful algal blooms. The temporal changes were considerably larger in Cremin (max. fifteenfold) than in SV (max. threefold). Accordingly, estimated POC transfer efficiency to 1,000 m was mainly dependent on how the plankton community structure affected Cremin. Our approach revealed key players and interactions in the plankton food web influencing POC export efficiency thereby improving our mechanistic understanding of the biological carbon pump.
Seasonal Variations in Iceberg Freshwater Flux in Sermilik Fjord, Southeast Greenland From Sentinel‐2 Imagery
Authors: Moyer A. N. , Sutherland D. A. , Nienow P. W. , Sole A. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIceberg discharge is estimated to account for up to 50% of the freshwater flux delivered to glacial fjords. The amount, timing, and location of iceberg melting impacts fjord‐water circulation and heat budget, with implications for glacier dynamics, nutrient cycling, and fjord productivity. We use Sentinel‐2 imagery to examine seasonal variations in freshwater flux from open‐water icebergs in Sermilik Fjord, Greenland during summer and fall of 2017–2018. Using iceberg velocities derived from visual‐tracking and changes in total iceberg volume with distance down‐fjord from Helheim Glacier, we estimate maximum average two‐month full‐fjord iceberg‐derived freshwater fluxes of ~1,060 ± 615, 1,270 ± 735, 1,200 ± 700, 3,410 ± 1,975, and 1,150 ± 670 m3/s for May–June, June–July, July–August, August–September, and September–November, respectively. Fluxes decrease with distance down‐fjord, and on average, 86–91% of iceberg volume is lost before reaching the fjord mouth. This method provides a simple, invaluable tool for monitoring seasonal and interannual iceberg freshwater fluxes across a range of Greenlandic fjords.
Contrasting Influence of Gobi and Taklimakan Deserts on the Dust Aerosols in Western North America
Authors: Liu Lin , Guo Jianping , Gong Hainan , Li Zhanqing , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang , Wang Lin , Xu Hui , Li Jian , Chen Dandan , Zhai Panmao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dust generated in East Asia influences the western North America (WNA) through its trans‐Pacific transport. This study investigates the distinct contribution between two main dust sources in East Asia on this remote influence based on Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 data set. Results show that the dust generated in Gobi desert (GD) exerts a larger influence on the WNA compared to those in Taklimakan desert (TD). This difference is attributed to the different terrain and background winds in GD and TD. The GD is relatively flat and dominated by westerlies throughout the troposphere, which facilitates the trans‐Pacific transport of dust to WNA. However, the TD is located in the Tarim Basin and dominated by easterly wind in the lower troposphere. The uplifted dust is largely redeposited in TD. Moreover, the influence of GD on dust in WNA experiences decadal change around 1999, which is related to intrinsic change of dust loading in GD.
Clozapine-dependent inhibition of EGF/neuregulin receptor (ErbB) kinases
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaro , Iwakura Yuriko , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Kitayama Eiko , Takei Nobuyuki , Someya Toshiyuki , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClozapine is an antipsychotic agent prescribed to psychotic patients exhibiting tolerance and/or resistance to the conventional antipsychotic medications that mainly drive monoamine antagonism. As the pharmacological fundamentals of its unique antipsychotic profile have been unrevealed, here, we attempted to obtain hints at this question. Here, we found that clozapine directly acts on ErbB kinases to downregulate epidermal growth factor (EGF)/neuregulin signaling. In cultured cell lines and cortical neurons, EGF-triggered ErbB1 phosphorylation was diminished by 30 μM clozapine, but not haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine. The neuregulin-1-triggered ErbB4 phosphorylation was attenuated by 10 μM clozapine and 30 μM haloperidol. We assumed that clozapine may directly interact with the ErbB tyrosine kinases and affect their enzyme activity. To test this assumption, we performed in vitro kinase assays using recombinant truncated ErbB kinases. Clozapine (3–30 μM) significantly decreased the enzyme activity of the truncated ErbB1, B2, and B4 kinases. Acute in vivo administration of clozapine (20 mg/kg) to adult rats significantly suppressed the basal phosphorylation levels of ErbB4 in the brain, although we failed to detect effects on basal ErbB1 phosphorylation. Altogether with the previous findings that quinazoline inhibitors for ErbB kinases harbor antipsychotic potential in animal models for schizophrenia, our present observations suggest the possibility that the micromolar concentrations of clozapine can attenuate the activity of ErbB receptor kinases, which might illustrate a part of its unique antipsychotic psychopharmacology.
Macrophages exposed to HIV viral protein disrupt lung epithelial cell integrity and mitochondrial bioenergetics via exosomal microRNA shuttling
Authors: Yuan Zhihong , Petree Jessica R. , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Fan Xian , Salaita Khalid , Guidot David M. , Sadikot Ruxana T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntiretroviral therapy extends survival but does not eliminate HIV from its cellular reservoirs. Between immune and stromal cells in the tissue microenvironment, a dynamic intercellular communication might influence host viral immune responses via intercellular transfer of extracellular vehicles (EVs) (microvesicles, exosome, or apoptotic bodies). It is increasingly recognized that HIV-infected macrophage-secreted nucleotide-rich exosomes might play a critical role in mediating communication between macrophages and other structural cells; however, molecular mechanisms underlying cell–cell crosstalk remain unknown. Here we show that HIV-1-infected macrophages and HIV-1 proteins Tat or gp120-treated macrophages express high levels of microRNAs, including miR-23a and miR-27a. Identical miRNAs expression patterns were detected in macrophage-secreted exosomes isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HIV transgenic rats. Tat-treated macrophage-derived exosomal miR-23a attenuated posttranscriptional modulation of key tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) 3′-UTR in epithelial cells. In parallel, exosomal miR-27a released from Tat-treated macrophages altered the mitochondrial bioenergetics of recipient lung epithelial cells by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while simultaneously stimulating glycolysis. Together, exosomal miRNAs shuttle from macrophages to epithelial cells and thereby explain in part HIV-mediated lung epithelial barrier dysfunction. These studies suggest that targeting miRNAs may be of therapeutic value to enhance lung health in HIV.
The effect of fluoxetine on astrocyte autophagy flux and injured mitochondria clearance in a mouse model of depression
Authors: Shu Xiaodong , Sun Yiming , Sun Xiyang , Zhou Yuanzhang , Bian Yaqi , Shu Zhaoma , Ding Jianhua , Lu Ming , Hu Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough multiple hypotheses had been proposed to clarify the causes of depression, the accurate pathogenesis and effective treatment of depression still need to be solved. Pathological change of astrocytes has been recognized to play a pivotal role in depression. Fluoxetine is the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, however, the underlying mechanisms of fluoxetine are incompletely excavated. Emerging evidence shows that fluoxetine promotes autophagic processes in tumor cells. However, whether astrocytic autophagy gets involved in the cytoprotection of fluoxetine on astrocytes in depression treatment remains unexplored. Here we prepared chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced mouse model and treated mice with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks to determine the correlation between proautophagic effect of fluoxetine and astrocyte protection in depression. Primary hippocampal astrocytes were cultured to investigate the potential mechanism of fluoxetine in regulating astrocyte autophagy. We found that fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) treatment promoted autophagosome formation and increased clearance of injured mitochondria, consequently protected astrocytes in CMS model mice. Fluoxetine (10 μM) could also promote the autophagic flux unblocked via enhancing fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in primary astrocytes. Moreover, fluoxetine promoted mitophagy by increased colocalization of autophagosomes and mitochondria, eliminating damaged mitochondria in corticosterone-treated astrocytes. Further in vitro study showed that p53 presence is required for fluoxetine activated autophagy flux and fluoxetine promotes astrocytic autophagy in a p53-dependent mechanism. Collectively, this work gives us insights into a novel approach to treat depression depending on astrocytes, and provides a promising molecular target for the development of antidepressant drugs besides regulating neurotransmitters.
Ultrafast long-range spin-funneling in solution-processed Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites
Authors: Giovanni David , Lim Jia Wei Melvin , Yuan Zhongcheng , Lim Swee Sien , Righetto Marcello , Qing Jian , Zhang Qiannan , Dewi Herlina Arianita , Gao Feng , Mhaisalkar Subodh Gautam , Mathews Nripan , Sum Tze Chien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRoom-temperature spin-based electronics is the vision of spintronics. Presently, there are few suitable material systems. Herein, we reveal that solution-processed mixed-phase Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite thin-films transcend the challenges of phonon momentum-scattering that limits spin-transfer in conventional semiconductors. This highly disordered system exhibits a remarkable efficient ultrafast funneling of photoexcited spin-polarized excitons from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) phases at room temperature. We attribute this efficient exciton relaxation pathway towards the lower energy states to originate from the energy transfer mediated by intermediate states. This process bypasses the omnipresent phonon momentum-scattering in typical semiconductors with stringent band dispersion, which causes the loss of spin information during thermalization. Film engineering using graded 2D/3D perovskites allows unidirectional out-of-plane spin-funneling over a thickness of ~600 nm. Our findings reveal an intriguing family of solution-processed perovskites with extraordinary spin-preserving energy transport properties that could reinvigorate the concepts of spin-information transfer.
Location determination of metal nanoparticles relative to a metal-organic framework
Authors: Chen Yu-Zhen , Gu Bingchuan , Uchida Takeyuki , Liu Jiandang , Liu Xianchun , Ye Bang-Jiao , Xu Qiang , Jiang Hai-Long 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively studied in recent decades, while investigations on the location of guest metal NPs relative to host MOF particles remain challenging and very rare. In this work, we have developed several characterization techniques, including high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) tomography, hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), which are able to determine the specific location of metal NPs relative to the MOF particle. The fine PdCu NPs confined inside MIL-101 exhibit excellent catalytic activity, absolute selectivity and satisfied recyclability in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in pure water. As far as we know, the determination for the location of metal NPs relative to MOF particles and pore structure information of metal NPs/MOF composites by 129Xe NMR and PAS techniques has not yet been reported.
New periodic-chaotic attractors in slow-fast Duffing system with periodic parametric excitation
Authors: Li Xianghong , Shen Yongjun , Sun Jian-Qiao , Yang Shaopu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new type of responses called as periodic-chaotic motion is found by numerical simulations in a Duffing oscillator with a slowly periodically parametric excitation. The periodic-chaotic motion is an attractor, and simultaneously possesses the feature of periodic and chaotic oscillations, which is a new addition to the rich nonlinear motions of the Duffing system including equlibria, periodic responses, quasi-periodic oscillations and chaos. In the current slow-fast Duffing system, we find three new attractors in the form of periodic-chaotic motions. These are called the fixed-point chaotic attractor, the fixed-point strange nonchaotic attractor, and the critical behavior with the maximum Lyapunov exponent fluctuating around zero. The system periodically switches between one attractor with a fixed single-well potential and the other with time-varying two-well potentials in every period of excitation. This behavior is apparently the mechanism to generate the periodic-chaotic motion.
Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of TGA transcription factors in soybean
Authors: Ullah Ihteram , Magdy Mahmoud , Wang Lixiang , Liu Mengyu , Li Xia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe gain of function in genes and gene families is a continuous process and is a key factor in understanding gene and genome evolution in plants. TGACG-Binding (TGA) transcription factors (TFs) have long been known for their essential roles in plant defence inArabidopsis, but their roles in legume symbiosis are yet to be explored. Here, we identified a total of 25TGA(namedGmTGA1-GmTGA25) genes in soybean. Through phylogenetic analysis, we discovered a clade of GmTGA proteins that appear to be legume-specific. Among them, two GmTGAs were unique by possessing the autophagy sequence in their proteins, while the third one was an orphan gene in soybean.GmTGAs were structurally different fromAtTGAs, and their expression patterns also differed with the dominant expression ofAtTGAs andGmTGAs in aerial and underground parts, respectively. Moreover, twenty-fiveGmTGAsshowed a strong correlation among the gene expression in roots, nodules, and root hairs. The qRT-PCR analysis results revealed that among 15 testedGmTGAs, six were induced and four were suppressed by rhizobia inoculation, while 11 of theseGmTGAswere induced by high nitrate. Our findings suggested the important roles ofGmTGAsin symbiotic nodulation and in response to nitrogen availability in soybean.
(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) induces substantial epigenetic mediated immune response network changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Guo Shicheng , Liu Jia , Jiang Ting , Lee Dungyang , Wang Rongsheng , Zhou Xinpeng , Jin Yehua , Shen Yi , Wang Yan , Bai Fengmin , Ding Qin , Wang Grace , Zhang Jianyong , Zhou Xiaodong , Schrodi Steven J. , He Dongyi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTripterygium is a traditional Chinese medicine that has widely been used in the treatment of rheumatic disease. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) is an extracted compound from Tripterygium, which has been shown to have lower cytotoxicity and relatively higher immunosuppressive activity when compared to Tripterygium. However, our understanding of LLDT-8-induced epigenomic impact and overall regulatory changes in key cell types remains limited. Doing so will provide critically important mechanistic information about how LLDT-8 wields its immunosuppressive activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of LLDT-8 on transcriptome including mRNAs and long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by a custom genome-wide microarray assay. Significant differential expressed genes were validated by QPCR. Our work shows that 394 genes (281 down- and 113 up-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed in FLS responding to the treatment of LLDT-8. KEGG pathway analysis showed 20 pathways were significantly enriched and the most significantly enriched pathways were relevant to Immune reaction, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (P = 4.61 × 10−13), chemokine signaling pathway (P = 1.01 × 10−5) and TNF signaling pathway (P = 2.79 × 10−4). Furthermore, we identified 618 highly negatively correlated lncRNA-mRNA pairs from the selected significantly differential lncRNA and mRNA including 27 cis-regulated and 591 trans-regulated lncRNA-mRNAs modules. KEGG and GO based function analysis to differential lncRNA also shown the enrichment of immune response. Finally, lncRNA-transcription factor (TF) and lncRNA-TF-mRNA co-expression network were constructed with high specific network characteristics, indicating LLDT-8 would influence the expression network within the whole FLS cells. The results indicated that the LLDT-8 would mainly influence the FLS cells systemically and specially in the process of immune related pathways.
14-3-3 signal adaptor and scaffold proteins mediate GPCR trafficking
Authors: Yuan Luwa , Barbash Shahar , Kongsamut Sathapana , Eishingdrelo Alex , Sakmar Thomas P. , Eishingdrelo Haifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReceptor trafficking is pivotal for the temporal and spatial control of GPCR signaling and is regulated by multiple cellular proteins. We provide evidence that GPCRs interact with 14-3-3 signal adaptor/scaffold proteins and that this interaction regulates receptor trafficking in two ways. We found GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals can be agonist-induced or agonist-inhibited. Some GPCRs associate with 14-3-3 proteins at the cell membrane and agonist treatments result in disrupted GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals. The diminished GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signals are temporally correlated with increased GPCR/β-arrestin interaction signals in response to agonist treatment. Other GPCRs showed agonist-induced GPCR/14-3-3 interaction signal increases that occur later than agonist-induced GPCR/β-arrestin interaction signals, indicating that GPCR/14-3-3 interaction occurred after receptor endocytosis. These two types of GPCR/14-3-3 interaction patterns correlate with different receptor trafficking patterns. In addition, the bioinformatic analysis predicts that approximately 90% of GPCRs contain at least one putative 14-3-3 binding motif, suggesting GPCR/14-3-3 association could be a general phenomenon. Based on these results and collective evidence, we propose a working model whereby 14-3-3 serves as a sorting factor to regulate receptor trafficking.