bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the effective dose of doxycycline using chitosan silver nanocomposite as a carriers on gram positive and gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Mostafa Elham M. , Badr Y. , Hashem M. M. , Abo-EL-Sooud K. , Faid Amna H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Doxycycline (Doxy) is a tetracycline antibiotic with a potent antibacterial activity against a broad range of bacteria. Using nanotechnology is one feasible way to increase the antibiotics’ ability to penetrate the body and increase their antibacterial effectiveness. In this work, we report the formation of a stable green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by chitosan with Doxy nanocomposite for the first time. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, UV-Visible spectroscopy and four transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs). The antibacterial effect of doxy, AgNPs and doxy/AgNPs were determined on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia. This combined therapeutic agent restored the susceptibility of doxy and showed an antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. AgNPs has absorption peak at 445 nm, mixing of Doxy with AgNPs causes all doxy absorptions to red shift and a broadening in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for AgNPs and show a slight increase in particle size of AgNPs from 12 ± 2 nm to 14 ± 2 nm with high stability as zeta potential was 29 mv and 48.5mv for AgNPs and Doxy/AgNPs respectively. The antibacterial effect of Doxy/AgNPs nanocomposite was found to be twice effect of free doxy, suggesting a synergistic interaction between the two components. In conclusion, synergy of doxy with AgNPs is quite promising for antibiotic resistant strains. These results highlight the ability of AgNPs to boost the efficacy of the doxycycline.
A novel nomogram for predicting non-infectious fever in patients following laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Zhu Yichen , Tan Juntao , Liu Lin-Kang , Tan Buzhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram to predict the risk of non-infectious fever (NIF) in patients following laparoscopic myomectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between 2019 and 2023. Pertinent variables before, during, and after surgery were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for postoperative NIF, from which a nomogram was constructed. The study included 576 patients, among whom 64 (11.1%) developed postoperative NIF. Multivariate analysis identified leiomyoma size, number of leiomyomas, preoperative hemoglobin levels, operative time, and estimated blood loss as independent risk factors for postoperative NIF. A predictive nomogram model incorporating these factors demonstrated good accuracy following internal validation. The developed nomogram represents the first tool tailored for predicting NIF after laparoscopic myomectomy. Its implementation can assist clinicians in early identification of high-risk patients, facilitating timely preventive and management strategies.
Age and sex effects of a validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of testosterone, allopregnanolone, and its isomers in human serum
Authors: Amir Hamzah Khalisa , Toms Leisa-Maree , Kucharski Nathaniel , Orr Julia , Hobson Peter , Nichols David S. , Ney Luke J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the great relevance of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and related isomers to various health conditions, quantification typically involves immunoassay, which suffers from serious issues with cross-reactivity of closely related molecules. This article describes the development and partial validation of a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, isopregnanolone, epi-allopregnanolone, and testosterone in the human serum of healthy males and females aged 5–85 years. 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine (AMP) was used as a derivatisation reagent to enhance the ionisation signal. Linearity was calculated at 0.99 with a lower limit of quantification of 10.08 pg/mL for allopregnanolone, along with a linearity of 0.98 and a lower limit of quantification of 42.32 pg/mL for testosterone. Application of the method showed sex and age effects across the lifespan for both allopregnanolone and testosterone, whereas a comparative immunoassay for allopregnanolone was not able to detect differences in the same samples. Our partial validation of this method should provide a new tool for researchers to discover the role of allopregnanolone and its isomers in human health, and how it compares to testosterone and sex hormones.
3D limb dynamics of flyball dogs turning on different box angles
Authors: Blake Scott , Blake Roberta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are no regulations for the flyball box angulation, which ranges from 45° to 89°. As such at present, the box turn is deemed to represent the greatest injury risk to competitors. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of box angle on kinematic variables during a flyball turn, by comparing dogs turning on three different angulations of flyball box (45°, 60° and 83°) to allow for recommendations to be made regarding the most appropriate box design in terms of limiting risk of injury across the sport, to increase both wellbeing and safety for competitors. Turning on a 45° box generates significantly more flexion in the forelimbs and carpus, whereas turning on an 83° box generates greater degrees of extension in the elbow, shoulder, hock and stifle. What our 3D analysis has shown is that the relationship between box angle and the physical demands placed on the dog are complex, and related mainly to asymmetrical nature of the sport, and as such no one angle may be more or less suitable for training and competition, but the 60° seems to be a mid-ground, whereas direction of turn may be fundamental in generating the potential for injury.
Trends in extreme rainfall over the past 55 years suggest springtime subhourly rainfall extremes have intensified in Mahantango Creek, Pennsylvania
Authors: Buda Anthony R. , Millar David J. , Kennedy Casey D. , Welsh Molly K. , Wiegman Adrian R.H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtreme short-duration rainfall is intensifying with climate warming, and growing evidence suggests that subhourly rainfall extremes are increasing faster than more widely studied durations at hourly and daily timescales. In this case study, we used 55 years (1968–2022) of 5-min precipitation data from Mahantango Creek, a long-term experimental agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, United States, to examine annual and seasonal changes in subhourly (15-min), hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. Specifically, we evaluated temporal trends in the magnitude and frequency of subhourly, hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. We then estimated apparent scaling rates between rainfall extremes and dew point temperature (Td) and compared these rates to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate (∼ 7% per °C). We also determined the coincidence of extreme rainfall trends with indicators of atmospheric instability and convective-type precipitation. Overall, we found the most significant changes in rainfall extremes at 15-min durations during the spring, with magnitudes of these subhourly extremes increasing by 0.6 to 0.9% per year, and frequencies rising by 3.4% per year. Apparent scaling rates in the spring showed that 15-min rainfall extremes transitioned from sub-CC scaling to greater than 2CC scaling when Td reached 11° C, implying a possible shift from stratiform rains to more intense convective rains above this Td threshold. Notably, trends in maximum hourly convective available potential energy (CAPE) increased during spring, as did the ratio of 15-min rainfall extremes to their corresponding daily rainfall totals. Findings indicate that convective-type precipitation may be playing an increasing role in the intensification of springtime 15-min rainfall extremes in Mahantango Creek.
Study on the excess seeds removing performance of a potato precision seed metering device
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Liao Min , Su Chao , Chen Rui , Xia Hailong , Li Junju , Qiao Chenyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the potato mechanical planting industry, the high multi-seeding rate and miss-seeding rate are problems that exist in many potato precision seed metering devices. The main potato seeds in China are cut potatoes with different shapes and sizes. However, there is a lack of research on precision seeding technology for cut potatoes, and the adaptability of many existing potato seeding devices on cut potato is poor. The mechanized precision seeding of potato can effectively reduce labor consumption, improve the seeding effect (decrease multi-seeding rate and miss-seeding rate), improve the improve production of potato per acre and improve the quality commodity potatoes. In response to the above issues, a precision seed metering device with novel scoops, which can adapt to various sizes and shapes of cut potatoes, was developed. In this study, the different seed collecting scenarios (SCSs) were constructed. Through the statics and kinematic analysis, the excess seeds removing (ESR) process was divided in to three areas. The kinematic model of seed potato was established to study the influence of different SCSs and sprocket rotational speeds on the ESR performance, and preliminary determined the appropriate sprocket rotational speed range for ESR process. Then, the coupled simulation results of EDEM and RecurDyn revealed that different sprocket speeds and SCSs had a significant influence on the ESR performance. Finally, the bench tests and field tests were conducted to verify the actual performance of the precision seed metering device. The results showed that, with the increase of the sprocket rotational speed, the ESR performance of the device improved, the multi-seeding rate significantly decreased, but the miss-seeding rate increased. High sprocket rotational speed will remove more seed potatoes and cause high miss-seeding rate. The bench tests showed the appropriate sprocket rotational speed for medium and large potato was 35 r/ min. The field tests obtained the best qualified-seeding rate of 91.54%, the miss-seeding rate of 3.08% and the multi-seeding rate of 5.38%. This study can provide theoretical reference for the design of potato precision seed metering device.
Young adults’ circulating FGF23 and α-klotho and their relationship with habitual dietary acid load and phosphorus intake during growth
Authors: Franco Luciana Peixoto , Derakhshandeh-Rishehri Seyedeh-Masomeh , Nöthlings Ute , Hartmann Michaela F. , Herder Christian , Kalhoff Hermann , Wudy Stefan A. , Remer Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe bone-derived hormone FGF23, primarily secreted by osteocytes, is a major player in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. It becomes upregulated by increased circulating phosphate concentration, e.g. due to elevations in phosphorus intake (P-In) or alterations in habitual dietary acid load. The present study aimed to investigate whether long-term endogenous acid production or a habitual high phosphorus intake during childhood and adolescence may be prospectively related with altered adult levels of FGF23 and the FGF23-related metabolite α-klotho. Urinary phosphate excretion (PO4-Ex), net acid excretion (NAE), and potential renal acid load (uPRAL) were analyzed in 24-h urine samples (n = 3369) collected from 343 healthy 3–17 years old participants of the DONALD Study (Dortmund, Germany) to assess, biomarker-based, P-In and habitual dietary acid load. Circulating FGF23, α-klotho, and further blood parameters were additionally examined in young adulthood. Individual means of standard-deviation-scores were calculated for 24-h urinary biomarker excretions and anthropometrics longitudinally determined between ages 3–17 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the prospective relations of pre-adulthood PO4-Ex, NAE, and uPRAL with the adulthood outcomes FGF23 and α-klotho. After adjusting for growth period-related covariates and adulthood confounders only for P-In during growth, i.e., PO4-Ex, but not for NAE and uPRAL, a significant positive association (p = 0.03) with FGF23 and an inverse trend (p = 0.10) with the FGF23-α-klotho ratio were observed. Neither PO4-Ex, nor NAE or uPRAL were associated with soluble α-klotho levels in adulthood. The prospective relationships of long-term assessed 24-h phosphaturia and habitual dietary acid load during growth with adult circulating, phosphate-adjusted FGF23 strongly suggest that children´s habitually higher P-In does unfavorably affect adult FGF23–α-klotho axis.
Aridification and major geotectonic landscape change shaped an extraordinary species radiation across a world’s extreme elevational gradient
Authors: Villastrigo Adrián , Cooper Steven J. B. , Langille Barbara , Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P. , Humphreys William F. , Hendrich Lars , Balke Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the profound influence of climatic and tectonic histories on adaptation and speciation is a crucial focus in biology research. While voyages like Humboldt’s expedition shaped our understanding of adaptation, the origin of current biodiversity remains unclear – whether it arose in situ or through dispersal from analogous habitats. Situated in the geologically complex Australopacific region, our study focuses on Limbodessus diving beetles (Dytiscidae), a diverse genus distributed from underground aquifers in Western Australia to alpine meadows in New Guinea. Using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, we established a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree, elucidating Limbodessus’ origin in the mid-late Miocene, most likely in the Sahul continent (i.e., Australia and New Guinea) and western Pacific archipelagos. Our results provide evidence for parallel colonization and speciation at extreme altitudinal ends, driven by aridification in Australia, influencing subterranean colonization, and in situ diversification of alpine taxa by passive-uplifting of local biota in New Guinea. Furthermore, our findings highlight instances of subterranean speciation in isolated underground aquifers, marked by recurrent independent colonizations of this habitat.
Iron-catalyzed ligand-free diazidation of alkenes controlled by the ratio of TBHP to TMSN3
Authors: Yu Hongzhou , Li Xingyu , Tang Shitong , He Qian , Jiang Mengchen , Li Xinyue , Fang Fang , Zhang Guoyu 
Published: November 2024

An iron-catalyzed ligand-free diazidation of alkenes system has been established, providing straightforward access to vicinal diazides at room temperature with TMSN3 as the azido source. And the ratio of TBHP to TMSN3 was essential for the reaction.
Enhancing data management and real‐time decision making with IoT, cloud, and fog computing
Authors: Al‐Atawi Abdullah A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe convergence of Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud computing, and Fog computing, termed as Interconnected Intelligence (II), has revolutionised data management and real‐time decision‐making across various industries. This study introduces a hybrid architecture that integrates these technologies to optimise resource allocation, reduce latency, and improve decision accuracy. Unlike traditional models that rely heavily on centralised Cloud computing, our approach distributes computational tasks between IoT devices, Fog nodes, and Cloud servers, ensuring efficient real‐time processing closer to the data source. The proposed system demonstrated a 20%–30% reduction in latency compared to Cloud‐only architectures, and a 25% improvement in resource utilisation through dynamic load balancing between Fog and Cloud layers. Additionally, the system showed an increase in decision accuracy by 15%, enhancing real‐time decision‐making capabilities in critical applications such as industrial automation, healthcare, and smart urban environments. Data security and privacy were also significantly improved, achieving a 20% reduction in energy consumption by reducing reliance on centralised Cloud resources. These results were validated using real‐world datasets from industrial, healthcare, and urban environments, underscoring the architecture's capability to support large‐scale IoT deployments. Future research will focus on real‐world validation and the development of enhanced dynamic resource management techniques.
Variable structures in the stellar wind of the HMXB Vela X-1
Authors: Abalo L. , Kretschmar P. , Fürst F. , Diez C. M. , El Mellah I. , Grinberg V. , Guainazzi M. , Martínez-Núñez S. , Manousakis A. , Amato R. , Zhou M. , Beijersbergen M. W. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Strong stellar winds are an important feature in wind-accreting high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems. Exploring their structure provides valuable insights into stellar evolution and their influence on surrounding environments. However, the long-term evolution and temporal variability of these wind structures are not fully understood.
Aims. This work probes the archetypal wind-accreting HMXB Vela X-1 using the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) instrument to study the orbit-to-orbit absorption variability in the 2 − 10 keV energy band across more than 14 years of observations. Additionally, the relationship between hardness ratio trends in different binary orbits and the spin state of the neutron star is investigated.
Methods. We calculated X-ray hardness ratios to track absorption variability, comparing flux changes across various energy bands, as the effect of absorption on the flux is energy-dependent. We assessed variability by comparing the hardness ratio trends in our sample of binary orbits to the long-term averaged hardness ratio evolution derived from all available MAXI data.
Results. Consistent with prior research, the long-term averaged hardness ratio evolution shows a stable pattern. However, the examination of individual binary orbits reveals a different hardness ratio evolution between consecutive orbits with no evident periodicity within the observed time span. We find that fewer than half of the inspected binary orbits align with the long-term averaged hardness evolution. Moreover, neutron star spin-up episodes exhibit more harder-than-average hardness trends compared to spin-down episodes, although their distributions overlap considerably.
Conclusions. The long-term averaged hardness ratio dispersion and evolution are consistent with absorption column densities reported in literature from short observations, indicating that a heterogeneous wind structure – from accretion wakes to individual wind clumps – likely drives these variations. The variability observed from orbit to orbit suggests that pointed X-ray observations provide limited insights into the overall behaviour of the wind structure. Furthermore, the link between the spin state of the neutron star and the variability in orbit-to-orbit hardness trends highlights the impact of accretion processes on absorption. This connection suggests varying accretion states influenced by fluctuations in stellar wind density.
The Immunohistochemical and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Placental
Expressions of Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein 1 (VCAM-1) and High Mobility Group
Box 1 (HMGB1) Proteins in Gestational Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Aşır Fırat , Yılmaz Emine Zeynep , Bolluk Gökhan , Korak Tuğcan , Ağaçayak Elif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective  We aimed to examine both the expression levels of high mobility
group box 1 (HMGB1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) proteins in
the placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and
control groups by immunohistochemical (IHC) method.
Material and methods  An experimental case-control study was conducted,
including 40 pregnant women complicated with GDM and 40 healthy pregnant women.
Placental tissues obtained following cesarean delivery were subjected to routine
tissue monitoring. The placental sections were stained with VCAM-1 and HMGB1
immunostains and subjected to IHC examination under a light microscope. H-score
(HS) was used to evaluate the results of IHC staining by semi-quantitative
analysis. Pathway analysis in Cytoscape software identified GDM-associated
proteins within HMGB1 and VCAM-1 interaction networks, followed by GO analysis
to explore associated biological processes.
Results  Placental HGMB1 expression was significantly increased in the GDM
group compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, placental VCAM-1
expression was found to be statistically similar in GDM and control groups
(p=0.584). The shared 19 proteins were identified between HMGB1 and GDM, and 13
between VCAM-1 and GDM, with notable GO biological process terms such as immune
system activation for HMGB1 and interleukin-6 regulation for VCAM-1 associated
with GDM.
Conclusion  We consider that GDM-related inflammation and oxidative stress
may contribute to tissue damage and inflammation by increasing placental HMGB1
expression. The blockade of HMGB1 and its receptors might represent a promising
therapeutic approach to control inflammation in GDM. Understanding the distinct
roles of HMGB1 and VCAM-1 may provide valuable insights for the development of
targeted therapies aimed at mitigating the inflammatory processes associated
with GDM and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Reevaluating the energy cost in locomotion: quadrupedal vs. bipedal
walking in humans
Authors: Xu Rui , Bao Riqiang , Hu Yixiang , Gao Chong , Guo Yuhan , Zhu Yashu , Hu Yuanyuan , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Pan Shijia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the energy expenditure and physiological responses associated
with short-term quadrupedal locomotion compared to bipedal walking in humans. It
aims to support evolutionary theory and explore quadrupedal locomotionʼs
potential for enhancing fitness and health. In a randomized crossover design, 12
participants performed quadrupedal and bipedal walking on a treadmill at
identical speeds. Physiological responses, including energy expenditure,
carbohydrate oxidation rates, respiratory rate, and heart rate, were measured
during both forms of locomotion. Quadrupedal walking significantly increased
total energy expenditure by 4.15 Kcal/min [95% CI, 3.11 – 5.19 Kcal/min], due to
a rise in carbohydrate oxidation of 1.70 g/min [95% CI, 1.02 – 2.24 g/min]. It
also increased respiratory and heart rates, indicating higher metabolic demands.
The exercise mainly activated upper limb muscles and the gluteus maximus in the
lower limbs. Ten minutes of quadrupedal walking at the same speed as bipedal
walking resulted in a 254.48% increase in energy consumption. This simple form
of locomotion offers a strategy for enhancing physical activity, and supports
the idea that energy optimization influenced the evolution of efficient bipedal
locomotion.
Gene Commonality in Arterial Circuits Throughout the Body
Authors: Harling Lisa C. , Zafar Mohammad A. , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe common genetic underpinnings of thoracic aortic aneurysms and aneurysms and dissections of several other major arterial circuits have been described in the literature. These include thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, thoracic and intracranial aneurysms, thoracic aortic aneurysms, and spontaneous coronary artery dissections. In this study, we provide a unified report of these observations and investigate any genetic commonality between the above four arterial circulations.