bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot money, cold beer: Navigating the vanilla and rosewood export economies in northeastern Madagascar
Authors: ZHU ANNAH 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSince 2000 northeastern Madagascar's subsistence‐based communities have registered record profits thanks to a boom in vanilla and rosewood exports. Yet, rather than saving or investing these returns, much of the local earnings were spent in “hot money” sprees on cold beer, gambling, and other forms of immediate consumption. Far from being illogical or unproductive, hot‐money spending and other practices associated with export economies help local communities navigate the volatility of global markets and domesticate foreign demands. Although these tactics come from the margins of global capitalism, they represent an acute cultural expression of some of the most sophisticated dynamics found at its core. [export economies,money,tactics,globalization,consumption,vanilla,rosewood,Madagascar]
Reconnaissance of the Hannibalic Route in the Upper Po Valley, Italy: Correlation with Biostratigraphic Historical Archaeological Evidence in the Upper Guil Valley, France
Authors: Mahaney W. C. , Somelar P. , West A. , Dirszowsky R. W. , Allen C. C. R. , Remmel T. K. , Tricart P. 
Published: May 2018

Controversy over the alpine route taken by the Hannibalic Army from the Rhône Basin into Italia in 218 bc (2168 cal bp) has raged amongst classicists for over two millennia. Because Hannibal crossed the Alps, the significance for identifying the route taken by the Punic Army lies more in its potential for identifying sites of historical archaeological significance than a resolution of one of history's most enduring questions. While compelling stratigraphic, geochemical and microbiological evidence has been recovered from an alluvial floodplain mire in the upper Guil Valley, located below the Col de la Traversette (about 3000 masl) on the French–Italian border, it potentially identifies the invasion route as the one originally proposed by Sir Gavin de Beer in 1974. The dated layers in several sections, termed the MAD (mass animal deposition) beds based on disrupted/churned bedding and key/specialized biological components strongly supports de Beer's thesis that Hannibal chose the highest transit col into Italia. In addition to other physical evidence, we present here new physical, geomorphological and stratigraphic evidence, all calibrated by radiocarbon dating, that suggests Hannibal's imprint on the landscape exists in coalescing alluvial fans in the upper Po catchment of northern Italy.
When and How Do Interactive Digital Media Help Children Connect What They See On and Off the Screen?
Authors: Kirkorian Heather L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding screen media—even television—can be a challenging task that requires substantial cognitive effort, especially for young children with relatively limited cognitive resources. Toddlers are less likely to transfer information across contexts (e.g., from video images to actual objects) than within the same context. Interactivity, such as that afforded by video chat and touchscreen mobile applications, may promote this transfer. However, some types of interactivity may be more beneficial than others, and the optimal conditions for learning differ across children. In this article, I describe what we know and what we need to understand more fully about children's transfer in the context of interactive digital media. I emphasize the extent to which cognitive constraints and the complexity of tasks likely moderate the effects of digital media on early learning and development.
A Comparison of Two Alternate Scaling Approaches Employed for Task Analyses in Credentialing Examination Development
Authors: Fidler James R. , Risk Nicole M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCredentialing examination developers rely on task (job) analyses for establishing inventories of task and knowledge areas in which competency is required for safe and successful practice in target occupations. There are many ways in which task‐related information may be gathered from practitioner ratings, each with its own advantage and limitation. Two of the myriad alternative task analysis rating approaches are compared in situ: one establishing relative task saliency through a single scale of rated importance and another employing a composite of several independent scales. Outcomes regarding tasks ranked by two practitioner groups are compared. A relatively high degree of association is observed between tasks ranked through each approach, yielding comparable, though not identical examination blueprints.
An Arabic expert system for voice synthesis
Authors: Tebbi Hanane , Hamadouche Maamar , Azzoune Hamid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient Arabic Expert System for Voice Synthesis, referred to us as AESVS, is proposed. This system, which is based on the Standard Arabic language, consists of 3 phases. The first phase is responsible for the automatic acquisition of human expert knowledge. The acquired knowledge consists of Arabic language pronunciation rules along with the required domain dictionary, to be used by the system. The second phase is concerned with the creation of the sound base that contains the acoustic units needed during the voice generation step. The third phase, which represents the speech synthesis operation, allows the generation of a phonemic sequence for any given word. All words in the input text are converted into their corresponding phonemes sequence by using orthographic phonetic transcription that takes into account their adaptation to the Arabic Language. To ensure this conversion from text to speech, we used approximately 350 predicates created by using the PROLOGUE inference engine, which are stored in a knowledge base that can be used upon request, during both the orthographic–phonetic transcription and the voice generation steps.
Analysis of data trust through an intelligent–transparent–trust triangulation model
Authors: Habib Sami J. , Marimuthu Paulvanna N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractComputing sensor systems are involved in making vital decisions based on sensed data. Thus, the data need to be trustworthy. We have made a novel attempt to analyse the trustworthiness of computing sensor systems outcomes by modelling trust as an association triangle between intelligence, transparency, and trust. Intelligence represents the computing algorithm, which makes the vital decisions, and transparency represents completeness by explicitly specifying the decision‐making process. We propose a triangulation model as a framework for assessing the trust, and we have selected 2 trust factors analogous to transparency and intelligence: the deviation of malfunctioning sensor data from its neighbours and the deviation from its own history. We have derived a set of relationships between the trust factors and their outcomes, and we have associated them with the proposed triangulation model. We also have formulated the generation of a trust subspace as an optimization problem with an objective function to maximize the trust. We have employed Tabu Search combined with Simulated Annealing to search for the best possible weighted combinations of trust factors. We have projected the experimental results onto a 3‐coordinate equilateral triangle to validate the decision analysis by displaying a definite trust or untrustworthiness of data.
Parental Denigration Boomerangs Versus Alienates: Parent–Child Closeness, Reciprocity, and Well‐Being Using Multiple Informants
Authors: Rowen Jenna , Emery Robert E. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess parental denigration, parents demeaning each other to or in front of their children, and whether denigration is one‐sided or reciprocal, related to distance or closeness between parents and children, and associated with measures of children's well‐being.BackgroundThe parental alienation hypothesis argues that denigration is one‐sided and distances children from the denigrated parent. Parental conflict research suggests that denigration is reciprocal and distances children from both parents, particularly the more frequently denigrating parent.MethodConvenience samples totaling 994 young adults and including 157 sibling pairs completed a structured measure of denigration as well as several measures of parent–child relationship quality and individual well‐being.ResultsParental denigration was measured reliably over time and between siblings. Denigration was highly reciprocal, linked to children feeling less close to both parents—particularly the one denigrating more often—and associated with a variety of measures of ill‐being. Results held both within and between siblings and in the 1% of cases of unilateral denigration.ConclusionNormatively, denigration appears to boomerang not alienate. Children consistently report feeling less close to parents who denigrate more than to parents who are the target of denigration.ImplicationsParents, and the professionals who work with them, must recognize the damage denigration does to denigrating parents' own relationship with their children. Findings also raise questions about alienation claims, which appear to be rare exceptions to the boomerang rule.
Renewable jet fuel supply scenarios in the European Union in 2021–2030 in the context of proposed biofuel policy and competing biomass demand
Authors: de Jong Sierk , van Stralen Joost , Londo Marc , Hoefnagels Ric , Faaij André , Junginger Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study presents supply scenarios of nonfood renewable jet fuel (RJF) in the European Union (EU) toward 2030, based on the anticipated regulatory context, availability of biomass and conversion technologies, and competing biomass demand from other sectors (i.e., transport, heat, power, and chemicals). A cost optimization model was used to identify preconditions for increasedRJFproduction and the associated emission reductions, costs, and impact on competing sectors. Model scenarios show nonfoodRJFsupply could increase from 1 PJin 2021 to 165–261 PJ/year (3.8–6.1 million tonne (Mt)/year) by 2030, provided advanced biofuel technologies are developed and adequate (policy) incentives are present. This supply corresponds to 6%–9% of jet fuel consumption and 28%–41% of total nonfood biofuel consumption in theEU. These results are driven by proposed policy incentives and a relatively high fossil jet fuel price compared to other fossil fuels.RJFreduces aviation‐related combustion emission by 12–19 Mt/yearCO2‐eq by 2030, offsetting 53%–84% of projected emission growth of the sector in theEUrelative to 2020. IncreasedRJFsupply mainly affects nonfood biofuel use in road transport, which remained relatively constant during 2021–2030. The cost differential ofRJFrelative to fossil jet fuel declines from 40 €/GJ(1,740 €/t) in 2021 to 7–13 €/GJ(280–540 €/t) in 2030, because of the introduction of advanced biofuel technologies, technological learning, increased fossil jet fuel prices, and reduced feedstock costs. The cumulative additional costs ofRJFequal €7.7–11 billion over 2021–2030 or €1.0–1.4 per departing passenger (intra‐EU) when allocated to the aviation sector. By 2030, 109–213 PJ/year (2.5–4.9 Mt/year)RJFis produced from lignocellulosic biomass using technologies which are currently not yet commercialized. Hence, (policy) mechanisms that expedite technology development are cardinal to the feasibility and affordability of increasingRJFproduction.
Origin of the intermediate phase in lead zirconate, PbZrO3
Authors: Liu Hongbo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe so‐called intermediate phase of pure PbZrO3 was investigated on a series of specimens by dielectric measurements and X‐ray diffraction. The results indicate that neither defects nor impurities are the origin of the phase. Only in specimens with a low content of pseudocubic [0 0 1]c domains does the intermediate phase appear on cooling. This preferred orientation suppresses the effect of out‐of‐phase oxygen octahedral rotations, which stabilize the antiferroelectric phase. As a result, the intermediate phase is present competitively in a narrow temperature range during cooling before the antiferroelectric phase transition.
LABOR UNIONS AND CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS: EVIDENCE FROM INTERNATIONAL DATA
Authors: Tong Zhenxu , Huang Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFirms in countries with higher union membership have less corporate cash holdings. This negative relation is stronger for firms in countries with weak employment protection legislation, firms in countries with a high degree of labor bargaining centralization, and financially constrained firms. Moreover, the market value of corporate cash holdings is lower for firms in countries with high union membership. The number of strikes and lockouts is higher in countries with more corporate cash holdings. We conclude that firms strategically choose corporate cash holdings to gain a bargaining position with labor in an international setting.
A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae)
Authors: Wen Jun , Lu Li‐Min , Nie Ze‐Long , Liu Xiu‐Qun , Zhang Ning , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie , Gerrath Jean , Manchester Steven R. , Boggan John , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species primarily distributed in tropical regions. The family is well‐known for the economic importance of grapes, and is also ecologically significant with many species as dominant climbers in tropical and temperate forests. Recent phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses of sequence data from all three genomes have supported five major clades within Vitaceae: (i) the clade of Ampelopsis, Nekemias, Rhoicissus, and Clematicissus; (ii) the Cissus clade; (iii) the clade of Cayratia, Causonis, Cyphostemma, Pseudocayratia, Tetrastigma, and an undescribed genus “Afrocayratia”; (iv) the clade of Parthenocissus and Yua; and (v) the grape genus Vitis and its close tropical relatives Ampelocissus, Pterisanthes and Nothocissus, with Nothocissus and Pterisanthes nested within Ampelocissus. Based on the phylogenetic and morphological (mostly inflorescence, floral and seed characters) evidence, the new classification places the 950 species and 16 genera into five tribes: (i) tribe Ampelopsideae J.Wen & Z.L.Nie, trib. nov. (47 species in four genera; Ampelopsis, Nekemias, Rhoicissus and Clematicissus); (ii) tribe Cisseae Rchb. (300 species in one genus; Cissus); (iii) tribe Cayratieae J.Wen & L.M.Lu, trib. nov. (370 species in seven genera; Cayratia, Causonis, “Afrocayratia”, Pseudocayratia, Acareosperma, Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma); (iv) tribe Parthenocisseae J.Wen & Z.D.Chen, trib. nov. (ca. 16 spp. in two genera; Parthenocissus and Yua); and (v) tribe Viteae Dumort. (ca. 190 species in two genera; Ampelocissus and Vitis).
Evidence for horizontal gene transfer and separation of effector recognition from effector function revealed by analysis of effector genes shared between cape gooseberry‐ and tomato‐infecting formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Simbaqueba Jaime , Catanzariti Ann‐Maree , González Carolina , Jones David A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryRNA sequencing (RNAseq) reads from cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana) infected with Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. physali (Foph) were mapped against the lineage‐specific transcriptome of Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici (Fol) to look for putative effector genes. Homologues of Fol SIX1(designated SIX1a and SIX1b), SIX7, SIX10, SIX12, SIX15 and Ave1were identified. The near identity of the Foph and Fol SIX7, SIX10 and SIX12genes and their intergenic regions suggest that this gene cluster may have undergone recent lateral transfer. Foph SIX1a and SIX1bwere tested for their ability to complement a SIX1 knockout mutant of Fol. This mutant shows reduced pathogenicity on susceptible tomato plants, but is able to infect otherwise resistant tomato plants carrying the I‐3 gene for Fusarium wilt resistance (SIX1 corresponds to Avr3). Neither SIX1a nor SIX1b could restore full pathogenicity on susceptible tomato plants, suggesting that any role they may play in pathogenicity is likely to be specific to cape gooseberry. SIX1b, but not SIX1a, was able to restore avirulence on tomato plants carrying I‐3.These findings separate the recognition of SIX1 from its role as an effector and suggest direct recognition by I‐3. A hypervariable region of SIX1undergoing diversifying selection within the F. oxysporum species complex is likely to play an important role in SIX1 recognition. These findings also indicate that I‐3could potentially be deployed as a transgene in cape gooseberry to protect this emerging crop from Foph.Alternatively, cape gooseberry germplasm could be explored for I‐3homologues capable of providing resistance to Foph.
Children's experiences and expectations of kidney transplantation: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Walker Rachael C. , Naicker Derisha , Kara Tonya , Palmer Suetonia C. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimKidney transplantation offers improved quality of life and life expectancy compared with dialysis for children. This study aims to understand the experiences and expectations of children during the kidney transplantation process to inform clinical care.MethodsFace‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years in New Zealand who had received a kidney transplantation. Findings were conceptualized using thematic analysis with inductive coding.ResultsThree major themes were identified: transplant as the goal (the only real treatment and escaping dialysis); dealing with negative emotions (coping with anxiety and fear, guilt for siblings and burden of parent as donor); and enhancing understanding and knowledge (individualised education and reassurance from peer support).ConclusionChildren and adolescents view transplantation as freedom from dialysis and return to a more normal life. Children focus on the positive aspects of transplantation to reduce anxiety and be reassured in the face of uncertainty. Complex emotions arise when thinking about their donor. Children recognize transplantation is not a return to full health and actively seek out ways to self‐manage their care, while remaining anxious about their future.
Testing the roles of vertical transmission and drought stress in the prevalence of heritable fungal endophytes in annual grass populations
Authors: Cavazos Brittany R. , Bohner Teresa F. , Donald Marion L. , Sneck Michelle E. , Shadow Alan , Omacini Marina , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Miller Tom E. X. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Beneficial inherited symbionts are expected to reach high prevalence in host populations, yet many are observed at intermediate prevalence. Theory predicts that a balance of fitness benefits and efficiency of vertical transmission may interact to stabilize intermediate prevalence.

We established populations of grass hosts (Lolium multiflorum) that varied in prevalence of a heritable fungal endophyte (Epichloё occultans), allowing us to infer long‐term equilibria by tracking change in prevalence over one generation. We manipulated an environmental stressor (elevated precipitation), which we hypothesized would reduce the fitness benefits of symbiosis, and altered the efficiency of vertical transmission by replacing endophyte‐positive seeds with endophyte‐free seeds.

Endophytes and elevated precipitation both increased host fitness, but symbiont effects were not stronger in the drier treatment, suggesting that benefits of symbiosis were unrelated to drought tolerance. Reduced transmission suppressed the inferred equilibrium prevalence from 42.6% to 11.7%. However, elevated precipitation did not modify prevalence, consistent with the result that it did not modify fitness benefits.

Our results demonstrate that failed transmission can influence the prevalence of heritable microbes and that intermediate prevalence can be a stable equilibrium due to forces that allow symbionts to increase (fitness benefits) but prevent them from reaching fixation (failed transmission).
Do Monetary Policy Announcements Affect Exchange Rate Returns and Volatility of Returns? Some Evidence from High‐Frequency Intra‐Day South African Data
Authors: May Cyril , Farrell Greg , Rossouw Jannie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the temporal effect of domestic monetary policy surprises on both returns and volatility of returns of the South African rand/U.S. dollar exchange rate. The analysis in this “event study” proceeds using intra‐day minute‐by‐minute exchange rate data, repo rate data from the South African Reserve Bank's scheduled monetary policy announcements, and market consensus repo rate forecasts. A carefully selected sample over the period August 2003 to November 2017 ensures that the change in monetary policy is exogenous to the exchange rate. We find statistically and economically significant responses in intra‐day high‐frequency South African rand/U.S. dollar exchange rate returns and volatility of exchange rate returns to domestic interest rate surprises, but anticipated changes have no bearing on exchange rate returns and their volatility. The empirical results also indicate that there is an instantaneous response of the rand/dollar exchange rate to monetary policy surprises and that monetary policy news is an important determinant of the exchange rate until at least 42 minutes after the pronouncement – suggesting a high degree of market “efficiency” in its mechanical sense (although not necessarily in the deeper economic‐informational sense) in processing this information. Essentially, the asymmetric GARCH results exhibit no leverage effects – positive and negative information shocks have symmetric effects on conditional variance.
Learning and Processing Abstract Words and Concepts: Insights From Typical and Atypical Development
Authors: Vigliocco Gabriella , Ponari Marta , Norbury Courtenay 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper describes two plausible hypotheses concerning the learning of abstract words and concepts. According to a first hypothesis, children would learn abstract words by extracting co‐occurrences among words in linguistic input, using, for example, mechanisms as described by models of Distributional Semantics. According to a second hypothesis, children would exploit the fact that abstract words tend to have more emotional associations than concrete words to infer that they refer to internal/mental states. Each hypothesis makes specific predictions with regards to when and which abstract words are more likely to be learned; also they make different predictions concerning the impact of developmental disorders. We start by providing a review of work characterizing how abstract words and concepts are learned in development, especially between the ages of 6 and 12. Second, we review some work from our group that tests the two hypotheses above. This work investigates typically developing (TD) children and children with atypical development (developmental language disorders [DLD] and autism spectrum disorder [ASD] with and without language deficits). We conclude that the use of strategies based on emotional information, or on co‐occurrences in language, may play a role at different developmental stages.
<p class="Body">Two new species of Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Hainan Islands, China
Authors: Fang Xiao-duan , Hao Hui-hua , Wu Wei-nan 
Published: May 2018

Typhlodromus contains the most species in the subfamily Typhlodrominae and 85 species have been recorded in China. Two new species T. (Anthoseius) bawanglingensis sp. nov. and T. (Anthoseius) informibus sp. nov. were found by examining the specimens collected from Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve and Hainan Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan Islands. Herein, they are described and illustrated based on female specimens.