bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate of major adverse renal or cardiac events with iohexol compared to other low osmolar contrast media during interventional cardiovascular procedures
Authors: McCullough Peter A. , Todoran Thomas M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Ryan Michael P. , Gunnarsson Candace 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the rate of major adverse renal or cardiac events (MARCE) when iohexol is used during interventional cardiovascular procedures compared to other low osmolar contrast media (LOCMs).BackgroundInterventional cardiovascular procedures are often essential for diagnosis and treatment, the risk of MARCE should be considered.MethodsData were derived from the Premier Hospital Database January 1, 2010 through September 30, 2015. Patient encounters with an inpatient primary interventional cardiovascular procedure with a single LOCM (iohexol, ioversol, ioxilan, ioxaglate, or iopamidol) were included. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of MARCE, which included: renal failure with dialysis, acute kidney injury (AKI) with or without dialysis, contrast induced AKI, acute myocardial infarction, angina, stent occlusion/thrombosis, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or death. Multivariable regression analysis was performed using the hospital fixed‐effects specification to assess the relationship between MARCE and iohexol compared to other LOCMs, while controlling for patient demographics, comorbid conditions and reason for hospitalization. As a sensitivity analysis, direct comparisons of iohexol were made to other LOCMs.ResultsA total of 458,091 inpatient encounters met inclusion criteria of which 26% used iohexol and 74% used other LOCMs. Results of multivariable modeling revealed no differences in MARCE rates between iohexol and other LOCMs. When direct comparisons of iohexol vs. ioversol and iopamidol were modeled, no differences in MARCE nor the renal component of MARCE were found.ConclusionsIn this retrospective multicenter study, there were no differences in MARCE events with iohexol compared to other LOCMs during inpatient interventional cardiovascular procedures.
Predictors and etiologies of 30‐day readmissions in patients with non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Lemor Alejandro , Hernandez Gabriel A. , Patel Nish , Blumer Vanessa , Sud Karan , Cohen Mauricio G. , De Marchena Eduardo , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K. , Alfonso Carlos E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in acute care and survival after non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) hospitalization, early readmissions remain common, and have significant clinical and financial impact.ObjectivesDetermine the predictors and etiologies of 30‐day readmissions in NSTE‐ACS.MethodThe study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Database 2014 identifying patients with a primary diagnosis of NSTE‐ACS using ICD9 code.ResultsWe identified a total of 300,269 patients admitted with NSTE‐ACS; 13.4% were readmitted within 30‐day. The most common cause of readmission was heart failure (HF) (15.6%), followed by a recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (10%). Predictors of increased readmissions were age ≥ 75 years (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.30–1.39), female gender (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.09–1.16), a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) >3 (OR 2.11, 95% CI: 2.04–2.18), ESRD (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.89–2.14), CKD (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.51–1.64), length of stay ≥5 days (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.46–1.56) and adverse events during the index admission such as AKI (OR:1.31, 95% CI: 1.25–1.36), major bleeding (OR:1.20, 95% CI: 1.12–1.24); whereas admission to a teaching hospital (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95) and PCI (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.67–0.72) were associated with less likelihood of 30‐day readmission.ConclusionReadmission rate at 30‐days is high among NSTE‐ACS patients and the most common readmission etiologies are HF and recurrent MI. A CCI more than 3 and ESRD were the most significant predictors for readmission; patients undergoing PCI had less odds of readmission.
Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Carbon Induced by Cellular Respiration in Yeast for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Lian Yi‐Meng , Ni Mei , Zhou Lei , Chen Ren‐Jie , Yang Wen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBecause activated carbon is extensively used in supercapacitors, optimization of its precursors and synthetic strategies are crucial. Inspired by the rich sugar content of banana peel waste, which can be transformed through the respiration of yeast into alcohol with the release of CO2, we developed an environmentally benign and highly efficient process for the production of renewable heteroatom‐doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (yeast‐treated banana‐peel‐based carbon, denoted as YBP) without any additional templates or activation agents. The resulting biologically activated carbon was characterized by near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other physical methods. The biologically activated carbon achieved a maximum gravimetric specific capacitance of 476 F g−1 in 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte. Remarkably, with a moderate specific surface area of 1084 m2 g−1, the as‐obtained activated carbon was found to have a high packing density. With enriched pseudocapacitance sites, the YBP symmetric supercapacitor has a high volumetric specific capacitance and energy density (maximum values of 264 F cm−3 and 23.5 Wh L−1, respectively). The supercapacitor showed superior cyclic stability, with 94 % capacitance retention for voltage values up to 1.6 V after 10 000 cycles, which confirmed the promising application of this supercapacitor in miniature electronic devices.
Synthesis of the Highly Branched Hexasaccharide Core of Chlorella Virus N‐Linked Glycans
Authors: Lin Sicheng , Lowary Todd L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChlorella viruses produce N‐linked glycoproteins with carbohydrate moieties that differ in structure from all other N‐linked glycans. In addition, unlike most viruses, these organisms do not hijack the biosynthetic machinery of the host to make glycocoproteins; instead, they produce their own carbohydrate‐processing enzymes. A better understanding of the function and assembly of these fascinating and structurally‐unprecedented glycans requires access to probe molecules. This work describes the first synthesis of a chlorella virus N‐linked glycan, a highly branched hexasaccharide that contains the pentasaccharide present in all of the >15 structures reported to date. The target molecule includes a glucosyl‐asparagine linkage and a “hyperbranched” fucose residue in which all of the hydroxyl groups are glycosylated. Both convergent and linear approaches were investigated with the latter being successful in providing the target in 16 steps and 13 % overall yield.
Adaptive flow abnormity identification based on information entropy
Authors: Liu Wenqi , Fan MingYu , Wang Guangwei 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlong with the normal network flow, abnormal flow follows, threatening the security and normal use of the computer. Under the impact of the massive network flow, researchers were prompted to study identification methods based on machine learning. Currently, the existing identification methods based on machine learning still have deficiencies, ie, feature redundancy and deficiency in classifier. In order to deal with these problems, this paper proposes an adaptive approach (AEDs) to identify abnormal network flow. The AEDs utilizes the feature extraction algorithm proposed in this paper, which is based on information entropy to filter features and reduce the size of features. Then, a weight construction method based on rough set theory is implemented to construct the weights of given‐case‐based ensemble classifiers, and only the sub‐classifier with weight that is higher than the given threshold will be reserved. On this basis, in order to keep the effectiveness of the classifier, we utilize new flow data to update weights. Moreover, an adaptive detection algorithm is proposed to adaptively monitor the change of entropy of abnormal flow and enable the update of classifier. Finally, experiments have been conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and the feasibility of the approach.
The research about micromachining accuracy control based on fuzzy evaluation algorithm
Authors: Qiao Jian , Lu Qinghua , Zhang Wenbao , Xue Xiangyao 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe calculation method of nonlinear artificial neural network based on fuzzy evaluation algorithm is introduced. This method is used to evaluate the precision of micro machined machining and to find the influence factors of the precision of micromachining. The traditional machining precision control mainly adopts the linear control strategy, but the micromachining involves the mechanical characteristics of the micro field, and many linear machine adding precision control methods cannot effectively control the precision of the micromachining. Using fuzzy evaluation method, large data cluster training method can be used to fit the control curve of micromachining accuracy. The nonlinear mapping of the fuzzy evaluation algorithm is realized by the large sample training method, and the objective and effective parameter evaluation and precision control of the machining precision in the micro machined field are realized. It is proved that the fuzzy evaluation algorithm can accurately evaluate the precision of micro machined machining. Learning through large data samples can effectively improve the topology practicability and rationality of the algorithm.
Application of an activity‐based receptor bioassay to investigate the in vitro activity of selected indole‐ and indazole‐3‐carboxamide‐based synthetic cannabinoids at CB1 and CB2 receptors
Authors: Noble Carolina , Cannaert Annelies , Linnet Kristian , Stove Christophe P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are the most chemically diverse group of new psychoactive substances. This group has been associated with several intoxications, many with fatal outcomes. Although advancements have been achieved in pharmacology, metabolism, and detection of these compounds in recent years, these aspects are still unresolved for many SCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro potency of 14 indole‐ and indazole‐based SCs by applying a stable CB1 or CB2 receptor activation assay and correlating the activity with their structure. The half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 5‐chloropentyl, 5‐bromopentyl, and 5‐iodopentyl JWH‐122 analogs varied from 74.1 to 283.7 nM for CB1 and 7.05 to 23.4 nM for CB2, where the addition of a chlorine atom enhanced the potency at CB1 compared with the bromo and iodo analogs. AM‐2201 was the most active at CB1 within this naphthoylindole family, with an EC50 of 23.5 nM but with the lowest efficacy (Emax 98.8%). Within the indole‐3‐carboxamide derivatives, 5F‐MDMB‐PICA was the most active compound, with a CB1/CB2 EC50 of 3.26/0.87 nM and an Emax around three times higher than JWH‐018. ADB‐FUBINACA was the most potent tested SC overall, with a CB1/CB2 EC50 of 0.69/0.59 nM, and an Emax around 3‐fold higher than that for JWH‐018 at CB1. The data obtained in this study confirm how small differences in the structure of SCs might lead to large differences in their activity, especially at CB1, which may be correlated with differences in their toxic effects in humans.
The hypolipidemic effects of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract in normal and diet‐induced hypercholesterolemic hamsters are associated with altered levels of serum proteins
Authors: Lim Chor Yin , Junit Sarni Mat , Aziz Azlina Abdul , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Hashim Onn Haji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe hypolipidemic effects of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract (Ti‐FPE) have been earlier reported but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still uncertain. In this study, hamsters fed with Ti‐FPE, both in the absence and presence of high‐cholesterol diet, were shown to have significantly reduced levels of serum triglyceride, LDL‐C and total cholesterol. The Ti‐FPE‐fed non‐hypercholesterolemic hamsters also showed significant enhanced levels of serum apolipoprotein A1, antithrombin III, transferrin and vitamin D binding protein. In diet‐induced hypercholesterolemic hamsters, apolipoprotein A1, antithrombin III and transferrin, which were relatively low in levels, became significantly enhanced when the hamsters were fed with Ti‐FPE. These Ti‐FPE‐fed hypercholesterolemic hamsters also showed significant higher levels of serum vitamin D binding protein. When the different treated groups of hamsters were analyzed for the levels of the four serum proteins by ELISA, similar altered abundance were detected. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the Ti‐FPE modulated serum proteins singled out “Lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry” as the top network. Our results suggest that the hypolipidemic effects of Ti‐FPE are associated with alterations of serum proteins that are known to be cardioprotective and involved in the metabolism of lipids. The MS data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD010232.
Improving Irrigation Scheduling of Wheat to Increase Water Productivity in Shallow Groundwater Conditions Using Aquacrop
Authors: Goosheh Mohiaddin , Pazira Ebrahim , Gholami Ali , Andarzian Bahram , Panahpour Ebrahim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIrrigation scheduling plays a key role in increasing crop production and controlling soil salinity in arid and semi‐arid regions. Inappropriate irrigation scheduling is considered an effective factor in low water productivity and soil salinization in central and southern parts of Khuzestan. Therefore, the aim of this research was to improve irrigation scheduling in order to increase water productivity and maintain the water and salt balance in a district in central Khuzestan. AquaCrop was selected as the research model, and the effects of the scenarios on wheat grain yield, water productivity, salt and water content in an effective root zone, and salt content moved upward from the groundwater table by capillary rise were compared with each other. Various scenarios of irrigation scheduling were simulated for a 12‐year period (2003–2014). To collect the required data for calibration and validation of the model, a field experiment was carried out during the wheat growing season (2014–2015). The results of the model evaluation indicated that it was an appropriate one for simulating the water and salt balance in the soil and wheat grain yield under different irrigation scheduling scenarios in experimental conditions. Finally, the recommended irrigation scheduling for wheat was seven times of irrigation with 550 mm water consumption. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Atypical Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures
Authors: Leclerc Jean-Thomas , Michou Laëtitia , Vaillancourt François , Pelet Stéphane , Simonyan David , Belzile Etienne L 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonate use has been associated with atypical femoral fractures (AFFs), defined by the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Task Force criteria, which currently exclude periprosthetic fractures. The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of atypical periprosthetic femoral fractures (APFFs) in patients with hip and knee arthroplasties and to determine the clinical and radiological risk factors associated with these fractures. We performed a retrospective radiological review of all femoral fractures between January 1, 2006, and March 31, 2015, in Quebec City, Canada. Patients who sustained a periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) were identified and included in this study. We used the ASBMR Task Force criteria to identify atypical fractures and establish their prevalence. Data from medical records and radiological assessments of the femoral anatomy, the characteristics of the fracture, and the positioning of the prosthesis were collected. The prevalence of APFFs among PFFs was 8.3% (11/133). A strong association with bisphosphonates (p = 0.007) was observed, as well as an increased risk of APFFs among alendronate users compared to risedronate users (p = 0.04). A transverse fracture (p &lt; 0.0001), a periosteal thickening of the lateral cortex at the fracture (p &lt; 0.0001), a unicortical fracture (p = 0.02), and prodromal symptoms (p = 0.03) were associated with APFFs. The type of implant, its positioning, and the femoral geometry did not appear to be risk factors for APFFs compared to PFFs. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Fetal Cardiac Ventricular Widths and Ratios Using a 24‐Segment Speckle Tracking Technique
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Cuneo Bettina , Klas Berthold , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the 24‐segment transverse widths of the right and left ventricles distributed from the base to the apex of the ventricular chambers and compute the right ventricular (RV)/left ventricular (LV) ratios for each segment.MethodsTwo hundred control fetuses were examined between 20 and 40 weeks’ gestation. Using offline speckle‐tracking software, the 24 end‐diastolic transverse widths were computed and the RV/LV ratios were regressed against 7 independent variables related to the size, weight, and age of the fetuses. Five fetuses with coarctation of the aorta and 5 fetuses with pulmonary stenosis were examined to exemplify the utility of these measurements.FindingsThe 24‐segment transverse widths were associated with changes in fetal size, weight, and age. Regression equations were developed to describe these changes with R2 values between .5 and .82. The measurements were normally distributed (Shapiro‐Wilk > 0.5). The RV/LV ratio for the 24 segments did not strongly correlate (R2 = .001 to –.2) with fetal size, weight, or gestational age. Fetuses with coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis demonstrated characteristic changes in the 24‐segment transverse widths and the RV/LV ratios in the basal (segments 1–8), mid (segments 9–16) and apical (segments 17–24) sections of the ventricles.ConclusionsThe 24‐segment transverse widths of the right and left ventricles and the RV/LV ratios provide a comprehensive method to examine the width of the ventricular chambers.
Prenatal Evaluation for Detection of Anorectal Atresia: Value of Ultrasound
Authors: Su Yi‐Ming , Lin Yan , Chen Shu‐Qiang , Yang Hong‐Yi , Lv Guo‐Rong , Lin Jin‐Rong 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the applicability and value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of anorectal atresia.MethodsBetween January 2008 and January 2016, we prospectively evaluated 63,101 fetuses (gestational age, 20–38 weeks), including low‐ and high‐risk populations using 2‐dimensional US scans. An abnormal imaging finding was defined as an anal canal diameter of less than the 95% confidence interval (small anal canal) of the normal range or the absence of an anal canal and rectum. Imaging findings were considered normal on detection of an anal canal with a normal width and the absence of abnormalities. Prenatal imaging findings were confirmed by a postnatal or postmortem examination.ResultsAmong the investigated fetuses, 28 showed evidence of anorectal atresia on US scans, and 22 of those with anorectal atresia had additional anomalies. Six cases of isolated anorectal atresia were successfully detected during the preclusive prenatal US scans. Four cases of a low imperforate anus (including 2 covered anuses) yielded false‐negative results, indicating a diagnostic rate of 87.5% (28 of 32). The normal appearance of the fetal rectum and anal canal ruled out anorectal atresia in 30 fetuses with a dilated colon. Additionally, there were 3 false‐positive cases, in which a narrow anal canal was observed.ConclusionsIdentifying the abnormal appearance or absence of the fetal anal canal and rectum on preclusive US anomaly scans is useful for prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of anorectal atresia, which may help improve the detection of isolated anorectal atresia. Furthermore, a combined evaluation of the longitudinal and axial appearances of the fetal anal canal and rectum can improve diagnostic accuracy.
Miniphocibacter massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new species isolated from the human gut and its taxono‐genomics description
Authors: Bilen Melhem , Mbogning Fonkou Maxime D. , Nguyen Thi T. , Richez Magali , Daoud Ziad , Fournier Pierre E. , Raoult Didier , Cadoret Frédéric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the aim of describing the human microbiota by the means of culture methods, culturomics was developed in order to target previously un‐isolated bacterial species and describe it via the taxono‐genomics approach. While performing a descriptive study of the human gut microbiota of the pygmy people, strain Marseille‐P4678T has been isolated from a stool sample of a healthy 39‐year‐old pygmy male. Cells of this strain were Gram‐positive cocci, spore‐forming, non‐motile, catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative, and grow optimally at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited 89.69% of sequence similarity with Parvimonas micra strain 3119BT (NR 036934.1), its phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. The genome of strain Marseille‐P4678T is 2,083,161 long with 28.26 mol% of G+C content. Based on its phenotypic, biochemical, genotypic and proteomic profile, this bacterium was classified as a new bacterial genus and species Miniphocibacter massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain Marseille‐P4678T.
Thermosets containing benzoxazole units: Liquid‐crystalline behavior and thermal conductivity
Authors: Hasegawa Masatoshi , Shigeta Kasumi , Ishii Junichi 
Published: October 2018

A series of liquid‐crystalline (LC) thermosetting monomers containing benzoxazole (BO) units were synthesized to evaluate the thermal conductivities (λ) of their cured resins. A BO‐containing bisnadiimide system showed LC behavior during the heating process. However, the thermal cure of the bisnadiimide provided a film without optical anisotropy; consequently, the cured film exhibited normal levels of thermal diffusivity (α) and thermal conductivity (λ). The disappearance of the optically anisotropic ordered structures during thermal curing is likely related to the temperature gaps between the cure reaction ranges and LC ranges (Tcure‐TLC gap). In addition, epoxy resins consisting of bisepoxides and BO‐containing diamines were investigated because of their high flexibility in terms of molecular design that can be used to reduce the Tcure‐TLC gap. The combination of a terephthalylidene‐type bisepoxide and BO‐containing diamine with a controlled flexible chain length resulted in the smallest Tcure‐TLC gap among the epoxy resin systems examined herein. The cured epoxy resin film exhibited an appreciably increased λ value (0.257 W m−1 K−1) in the Z direction. This indicated the importance of the Tcure‐TLC gap for enhancing the α and λ values of the cured films. This epoxy resin system was cured under a continuous DC electric field during polarizing optical microscopy. A prompt response with deformation of the LC domains was observed in harmony with temporal ON/OFF switching of the DC power supply. As expected, the cured film exhibited a significantly enhanced λ value (0.488 W m−1 K−1) in the Z direction.