bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skolt Sámi and Atlantic Salmon Collaborative Management of Näätämö Watershed, Finland as a Case of Indigenous Evaluation and Knowledge in the Eurasian Arctic
Authors: Mustonen Tero , Feodoroff Pauliina ,   (with the Skolt Sámi Fishermen of Sevettijärvi)
Published: July 2018

AbstractIndigenous evaluation as a process, method, and paradigm has developed over the past few years in those global areas, where Indigenous communities and scholars have been able to secure rights and achieve overall recognition of their knowledge systems. In the Eurasian North, the Indigenous knowledge systems and evaluation are actively being contested and suppressed. Our chapter, cowritten by Sámi fishermen and cultural leaders, juxtaposes the relevance of the academic and global discussions of “Indigenous evaluation” with the first collaborative management initiative of Finland. It involves the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). By reviewing critically the ongoing relationships and fisheries the Skolt Sámi have with their river and fish, an equally critical view is employed toward the emerging Indigenous evaluation discourses and their applicability and transferability from international arenas into on‐the‐ground management and defense initiatives in the context of regime‐shifting Arctic. Such a view identifies the key aspects of relevance from Indigenous evaluation. It also dissects the academic rhetoric and related relevant measures that can influence land use, policy, and development of Indigenous governance in the context of rapid changes.
Diminished Canonical β-Catenin Signaling During Osteoblast Differentiation Contributes to Osteopenia in Progeria
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Lai Jim K , Xiong Zheng-Mei , Ren Margaret , Moorer Megan C , Stains Joseph P , Cao Kan 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) have low bone mass and an atypical skeletal geometry that manifests in a high risk of fractures. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of HGPS, we demonstrate that defects in the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, seemingly at the level of the efficiency of nuclear import of β-catenin, impair osteoblast differentiation and that restoring β-catenin activity rescues osteoblast differentiation and significantly improves bone mass. Specifically, we show that HGPS patient-derived iPSCs display defects in osteoblast differentiation, characterized by a decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralizing capacity. We demonstrate that the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, a major signaling cascade involved in skeletal homeostasis, is impaired by progerin, causing a reduction in the active β-catenin in the nucleus and thus decreased transcriptional activity, and its reciprocal cytoplasmic accumulation. Blocking farnesylation of progerin restores active β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, increasing signaling, and ameliorates the defective osteogenesis. Moreover, in vivo analysis of the Zmpste24-/- HGPS mouse model demonstrates that treatment with a sclerostin-neutralizing antibody (SclAb), which targets an antagonist of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, fully rescues the low bone mass phenotype to wild-type levels. Together, this study reveals that the β-catenin signaling cascade is a therapeutic target for restoring defective skeletal microarchitecture in HGPS. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prospective Assessment of Peristomal Infections Using Objective Criteria
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Seegmiller Sara , Davidson Jacob , Schneckloth Jill , Saied Jessica , Hurt Ryan T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) is a safe and cost‐effective intervention with significant morbidity and mortality benefit that can also be associated with complications. Peristomal infections can occur in 5%–30% of cases after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement. Despite this common occurrence, widespread use of objective diagnostic criteria is not prevalent, possibly leading to overuse of antibiotics.MethodsAll patients who were reporting symptoms consistent with peristomal infection were evaluated. Criteria based on erythema, induration, and exudates were applied with cumulative score ≥8 indicating peristomal infection. All patients were followed, with additional factors being collected if available.ResultsForty‐three patients noted complaints consistent with peristomal infection. In patients with a score <8 (n = 16), only 2 required antibiotics (12.5%) and 1 patient was hospitalized (6.3%). In patients with a score ≥8 (n = 27), 16 had a score of 8 or 9; all patients responded to antibiotics (100%), and 1 was hospitalized (6.3%). In patients with a score ≥10, all (100%) were treated with antibiotics. Five of 11 (45%) patients were hospitalized, with the most common diagnosis being sepsis. Of the baseline variables analyzed, higher body mass index correlated with score ≥10 (26.36 ± 2.94 vs 22.91 ± 4.35 in score <9, P = .0128).ConclusionsObjective criteria were effective in risk stratifying patients who presented with reports of peristomal infection. Patients with a score <8 tended to be at low risk, scores of 8–9 were of moderate risk, and patients with a score ≥10 were at high risk and required very close monitoring or hospitalization.
Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increase soybean pod setting and yield by regulating sucrose and starch content
Authors: Liu Chunjuan , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng , Cui Hongqiu , Sun Fudong , Gong Xiangwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDUniconazole (S3307) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) are known plant growth regulators (PGRs). However, it is unknown if their regulation of sucrose and starch content can affect pod setting and yield in soybean. Herein, S3307 and DA‐6 were foliar sprayed on soybean Hefeng50 and Kangxian6 at the beginning of the bloom cycle in field tests conducted over two years.RESULTSPGRs promoted the accumulation and distribution of plant biomass and significantly improved leaf photosynthetic rates. Sucrose and starch content increased after PGR treatment across organs and varieties. Accumulation and allocation of sucrose and starch content in soybean source organs are enhanced by PGRs, which supply high levels of assimilate to sink organs. Moreover, sucrose and starch contents in source and sink organs are positively correlated. S3307 and DA‐6 also significantly increased pod setting rates and reduced flower and pod abscission rates, leading to increased yield.CONCLUSIONS3307 and DA‐6 promoted the accumulation and availability of sucrose and starch content in source organs and increased sucrose and starch content in flowers and pods or seeds, thereby maintaining the balance between source and sink organs and contributing to increased pod setting rates and soybean yield. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of pre‐storage removal of different parts of the scape top on the biochemical changes of two garlic cultivars during controlled atmosphere storage
Authors: Naheed Zobia , Rizwan Zafar , Cheng Zhihui , A Khan Noor , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study highlights the effect of removing different plant parts on the biochemical changes in the garlic scape of cultivars G064 and G025 during controlled atmosphere storage (O2 = 2%–5%, CO2 = 3%–6%) at temperature = 0 ± 0.5 °C, Relative Humidity (RH) RH = 85%–95%, for 168 day. Total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), the concentration of allicin, ethylene production and the antioxidant potential were evaluated and analyzed by using four different assays. Statistically significant differences were observed between different treatments.RESULTSTotal polyphenols, allicin concentration, and ethylene production were the highest in G064, while the total flavonoid concentration was the highest in G025. Removing the top resulted in the highest levels of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, allicin, and ethylene in both cultivars. The antioxidant capacity was also significantly higher when the top was removed than with other treatments in both cultivars. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSC), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal‐chelating capacity (MCC) were higher in cultivar G064 compared to G025.CONCLUSIONOverall, the results suggest that the removing the tops of the scapes of G025 and G064 is the best treatment to maintain these biochemical changes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cultivation of black soldier fly larvae on almond byproducts: impacts of aeration and moisture on larvae growth and composition
Authors: Palma Lydia , Ceballos Shannon J , Johnson Paulina C , Niemeier Deb , Pitesky Maurice , VanderGheynst Jean S 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing production of almonds worldwide has resulted in the significant generation of byproduct streams that require end uses. One potential use for byproducts is for cultivation of additional food sources including insects. Studies were performed to determine if black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) could be cultivated on almond byproducts (hulls and shells) and to examine the effect of aeration and moisture on larvae growth and hull composition.RESULTSIncreasing aeration from 0.04 to 0.36 mL min−1 g dry weight−1 tripled the harvest weight of larvae and increased larvae yield by a factor of five. Larvae calcium content increased by 18% with an increase in aeration from 0.04 to 0.95 mL min−1 g dry weight−1. Moisture content also affected harvest dry weight and yield; increasing moisture content from 480 g kg−1(wet basis) to 680 g kg−1 increased harvest weight by 56% and yield by a factor of 2. Variables did not affect larvae methionine and cysteine content. Low moisture content and aeration rate yielded an environment that supported microbial consumption of hulls over larvae consumption and growth.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate that almond hulls are a suitable feedstock for larvae production under controlled management of moisture content and aeration. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An insight into land use and land cover changes and their impacts in Rib watershed, north‐western highland Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Desalew Meseret , Bhat Hejamady Gangadhara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLand use and land cover (LULC) changes have severely threatened ecological and economic sustainability in highland Ethiopia. A clear insight into its extent and rate is, therefore, a crucial step for effective land use planning and decision making. The main objective of this study was to analyse the nature of LULC change and its impacts in north‐western highland Ethiopia over the last four decades, using the integrated approach of remote sensing and geographic information system in combination with field data. Multidate Landsat images were used for spatio‐temporal change detection through the help of ArcGIS 10.3 and ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software. A pixel‐based statistical analysis was used to measure class‐to‐class changes and total losses and gains of each LULC class during the study period. The results show that a significant and widespread change of LULC has occurred in the study area during the period 1973–2016. The cropland, grassland, and shrubland were the dominant LULC types taking more than 95% in total over the entire study period. The cropland and built‐up land showed a significant increase from 1973 to 2016, whereas grassland and shrubland decreased gradually over the same time period. The LULC change in the study area has caused severe environmental degradation, which in turn has affected ecological sustainability, agricultural productivity, food security, and rural livelihoods. The results of this study are expected to provide local‐level current information on the extent, rate, and impacts of LULC change for decision makers seeking to ensure ecological, social, and economic sustainability.
Monitoring land use and land cover changes due to extensive gold mining, urban expansion, and agriculture in the Pra River Basin of Ghana, 1986–2025
Authors: Awotwi Alfred , Anornu Geophrey Kwame , Quaye‐Ballard Jonathan Arthur , Annor Thompson 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study used the double cumulative curve and visual image interpretation methods for the selection of spatiotemporal Landsat data to evaluate the land degradation by anthropogenic activities in the Pra River Basin (PRB) of Ghana. Unsupervised and supervised classification procedures were used to map the land use and land cover (LULC) distribution from 1986 to 2016. Assessment of LULC showed that the PRB has been subjected to six different rates of land degradation in the years 1986, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2013, and 2016. This is due to increase in settlement, cropland, and mining activities to about 130%, 198%, and 304%, respectively. The Markov chain and cellular automation integrated model was successful in predicting LULC distribution in 2016 and the outcomes were comparable to the actual LULC for 2016. The projected LULC for 2025 showed that land degradation is significant in the western and the eastern parts where cropland and forest are, respectively, converted to mining activity. The northern, southern, and middle parts of PRB are expected to experience high settlement expansion, sedimentation in the rivers, and cropland expansion, respectively. The results will aid natural resources management, planning, and sustainable development at PRB. In addition, the research method serves as guideline for other related studies in an attempt to investigate, quantify, and project LULC change in forest ecological areas.
Assembling the jigsaw puzzle: CBX2 isoform 2 and its targets in disorders/differences of sex development
Authors: Sproll Patrick , Eid Wassim , Gomes Camila R. , Mendonca Berenice B. , Gomes Nathalia L. , Costa Elaine M.‐F. , Biason‐Lauber Anna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne of the defining moments of human life occurs early during embryonic development, when individuals sexually differentiate into either male or female. Perturbation of this process can lead to disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). Chromobox protein homolog 2 (CBX2) has two distinct isoforms, CBX2.1 and CBX2.2: the role of CBX2.1 in DSD has been previously established, yet to date the function of the smaller isoform CBX2.2 remains unknown.MethodsThe genomic DNA of two 46,XY DSD patients was analysed using whole exome sequencing. Furthermore, protein/DNA interaction studies were performed using DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) to identify putative binding partners of CBX2. Finally, in vitro functional studies were used to elucidate the effect of wild‐type and variant CBX2.2 on selected downstream targets.ResultsHere, we describe two patients with features of DSD i.e. atypical external genitalia, perineal hypospadias and no palpable gonads, each patient carrying a distinct CBX2.2 variant, p.Cys132Arg (c.394T>C) and p.Cys154fs (c.460delT). We show that both CBX2.2 variants fail to regulate the expression of genes essential for sexual development, leading to a severe 46,XY DSD defect, likely because of a defective expression of EMX2 in the developing gonad.ConclusionOur study indicates a distinct function of the shorter form of CBX2 and by identifying several of its unique targets, can advance our understanding of DSD pathogenesis and ultimately DSD diagnosis and management.
Effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐induced defenses in rice against the rice leaffolderCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenèe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Senthil‐Nathan Sengottayan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl jasmonate (MeJA) activates host defense mechanisms against insect pests of agricultural importance, and regulates defense responses against living and non‐living stresses in various plant species. Rice leaf‐folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalisGuenèe, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) feeding activity and mortality were evaluated after MeJA treatment of rice plants ASD‐16.RESULTSRice plant resistance was activated through the topical application of MeJA to rice leaves. Feeding deterrence occurred with application of 2.5 and 5 mmMeJA solution. Feeding activity and consumption rates were significantly different, being reduced compared with controls post MeJA treatment. Significantly greater mortality was seen in second instars post treatment with 2.5 and 5 mmMeJA. Survival was significantly reduced for larvae and adults post treatment.CONCLUSIONApplication of MeJA as a topical spray onto rice plants significantly altered the biology and survival of the leaf‐folder, having an effect on all life stages. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
New species of Karydomys (Rodentia) from the Miocene of Chios Island (Greece) and phylogenetic relationships of this rare democricetodontine genus
Authors: López‐Antoñanzas Raquel , Peláez‐Campomanes Pablo , Prieto Jérôme , Knoll Fabien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKarydomys is a rare and little diversified democricetodontine, of which only six species are currently recognized. This group of rodents is first recorded in the early Miocene (MN3) in China and spread quickly thereafter to Kazakhstan and Greece (MN4). Karydomys reached south‐western and central Europe by early middle Miocene times (MN5), from where it became extinct shortly thereafter (MN6). A new species of Karydomys is here described from the Miocene Keramia Formation of Chios Island (north‐eastern Aegean Sea). Karydomys strati sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of a labial spur on the anterolophule, the lack of anterior protolophule on the M1 and by the presence of a double metalophule on the M2. A cladistics analysis involving all the species of Karydomys and some closely related species of Democricetodon and Cricetodon show that Karydomys split early into two different lineages, an ‘eastern stock’, which includes the central Asian (K. debruijni and K. dzerzhinskii) and Greek (K. symeonidisi, K. boskosi and K. strati) species, and a ‘western lineage’ comprising the western and central European species (K. wigharti and K. zapfei). The evolutionary stage of Karydomys strati suggests that the lowermost part of the Keramia Formation, usually attributed to the middle Miocene, is older than previously thought.
Student‐Athletes and Mental Health Experiences
Authors: Ryan Heather , Gayles Joy Gaston , Bell Lydia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMental illness is a growing issue for college student‐athletes. This chapter discusses the prevalence of mental health problems on college campuses, as well as some of the most common concerns for student‐athletes and barriers associated with underutilization of mental health resources. The chapter concludes with recommendations for student‐athlete services.
Role of Activator Protein-1 Complex on the Phenotype of Human Osteosarcomas Generated from Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gambera Stefano , Abarrategi Ander , Rodríguez-Milla Miguel A. , Mulero Francisca , Menéndez Sofía T. , Rodriguez René , Navarro Samuel , García-Castro Javier 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone tumor that usually arises intramedullary at the extremities of long bones. Due to the fact that the peak of incidence is in the growth spurt of adolescence, the specific anatomical location, and the heterogeneity of cells, it is believed that osteosarcomagenesis is a process associated with bone development. Different studies in murine models showed that the tumor-initiating cell in OS could be an uncommitted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) developing in a specific bone microenvironment. However, only a few studies have reported transgene-induced human MSCs transformation and mostly obtained undifferentiated sarcomas. In our study, we demonstrate that activator protein 1 family members induce osteosarcomagenesis in immortalized hMSC. c-JUN or c-JUN/c-FOS overexpression act as tumorigenic factors generating OS with fibroblastic or pleomorphic osteoblastic phenotypes, respectively.
Implementation and results of a surgical training programme for chronic suppurative otitis media in Cambodia
Authors: Smith A K K , Sokdavy T , Sothea C , Pastrana M K R , Ali R F , Huins C T , Clark M P A , Gollogly J G , Bhutta M F 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic suppurative otitis media is a massive public health problem in numerous low- and middle-income countries. Unfortunately, few low- and middle-income countries can offer surgical therapy.MethodsA six-month long programme in Cambodia focused on training local surgeons in type I tympanoplasty was instigated. Qualitative educational and quantitative surgical outcomes were evaluated in the 12 months following programme completion. A four-month long training programme in mastoidectomy and homograft ossiculoplasty was subsequently implemented, and the preliminary surgical and educational outcomes were reported.ResultsA total of 124 patients underwent tympanoplasty by the locally trained surgeons. Tympanic membrane closure at six weeks post-operation was 88.5 per cent. Pure tone audiometry at three months showed that 80.9 per cent of patients had improved hearing, with a mean gain of 17.1 dB. The trained surgeons reported high confidence in performing tympanoplasty. Early outcomes suggest the local surgeons can perform mastoidectomy and ossiculoplasty as safely as overseas-trained surgeons, with reported surgeon confidence reflecting these positive outcomes.ConclusionThe training programme has demonstrated success, as measured by surgeon confidence and operative outcomes. This approach can be emulated in other settings to help combat the global burden of chronic suppurative otitis media.
Fruit and vegetable intakes, associated characteristics and perceptions of current and future availability in Dutch university students
Authors: van den Bogerd Nicole , Maas Jolanda , Seidell Jacob C , Dijkstra S Coosje 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate fruit and vegetable (F&V) intakes of university students and associated demographic and lifestyle characteristics, and students’ perceptions of F&V availability and F&V intervention strategies in the university environment.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire data were collected; F&V intakes were measured using a food frequency tool. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between demographic and lifestyle characteristics and F&V intakes.SettingUniversities in the Netherlands.SubjectsUniversity students (n 717).ResultsThe majority of students did not adhere to Dutch F&V guidelines (71 % and 93 %, respectively). Fruit intake was lower among students who were male, living independently, enrolled in a technical study, not adhering to physical activity guidelines, and heavy to excessive alcohol drinkers. Vegetable intake was lower among students who were non-Dutch, living with their parents, not adhering to physical activity guidelines, and moderate and heavy to excessive alcohol drinkers. Most students perceived that their university environment offers sufficient healthy foods (60 %) and F&V (65 %), but also indicated that their F&V intakes would increase with interventions concerning affordable F&V in the university canteen (64 %) or university supermarket (60 %). Students were less disposed to indicate that weekly local farmers’ markets, vegetable parcels or a vegetable garden would increase their F&V intakes.ConclusionsDutch university students do not consume enough F&V. Future efforts that aim to promote students’ F&V intakes should consider the differences between subgroups based on demographic and lifestyle characteristics and that affordable F&V in the university environment might be an effective strategy.