bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating Electrolyte Solvation Structure for High‐Voltage and Low‐Temperature Magnesium‐Ion Supercapacitors
Authors: Tan Xiaohong , Fang Chi , Liang Zhongqi , Xu Zhengjie , Zheng Jiaxin , Xu Xianqi , Jin Yufeng , Yang Guoshen , Zhou Hang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous supercapacitors have great potential in energy storage devices due to their high‐power density and safety. However, due to the water hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the electrochemical stabilization window of aqueous electrolytes needs to be widened. Moreover, the application of aqueous electrolyte at low temperature is often limited by the freezing point of water. In this paper, we modulate the solvation structure of aqueous magnesium‐ion supercapacitors by using sulfolane as a co‐solvent. The modulated low salt concentration hybrid electrolyte extends the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte to 2.9 V and enhances the stability of the electrolyte at extreme temperatures, as well as provides safe and non‐flammable properties. Based on the hybrid electrolyte, the water‐organic hybrid magnesium‐ion supercapacitors (HMSCs) are able to operate within an enlarged voltage range of 0–2.2 V at a low temperature of −30 °C. The HMSC shows a specific capacitance of up to 58 F/g at room temperature and retains a specific capacitance of 39 F/g at a current density of 15 A/g, demonstrating a good rate performance. Furthermore, after 15,000 cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 5 A/g, the HMSC sustain 88 % specific capacitance. It also has an outstanding cycling performance at −30 °C, maintaining a specific capacitance of more than 92 % after 20,000 cycles. These findings suggest that modulating the solvation structure by organic solvent additive is an effective solutions enabling high‐voltage and low‐temperature aqueous supercapacitors.
Live Cell Imaging Studies on Orange Emitting Thiazole‐Pyridone Azo Fluorophore and Its Latent Fingerprints, Computational, Electrochemical Sensing for Dopamine Detection
Authors: Zahara Fiza Noor , Keshavayya J. , Krishnamurthy Chethan , Pallavi K. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe fluorescent materials have sparked a lot of research interests due to their unique electronic, optical and chemical characteristics. Here, we are intended to present a simple and facile synthesis of novel orange emitting thiazole‐pyridone fluorescent tag (TPFT) by a simple diazo coupling reaction and the structural elucidation was carried out by IR, NMR (1H and 13C), UV–Vis, photoluminescence and HR‐MS spectrometry. The solvatochromic behaviour of the TPFT offered crucial information about the formation of hydrazone and azo tautomeric forms. The DFT simulations are computed to calculate HOMO‐LUMO energy gap (3.028 eV) of TPFT along with MEP and RDG analyses. Comprehensive LFP visualization is revealed under both normal and UV light conditions (365 nm). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to analyse the electrochemical behaviour of the TPFT‐modified glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) and exhibited a lower detection limit of 7.89 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3) with a linear range of 0.5–8.0 μM for DA detection. The live‐cell imaging study of TPFT showed a strong blue emission at 453 nm, which generally indicates the existence of fluorescence stability.
Metabolome and microbiome analyses reveal the efficacy of Shen‐Fu formula in treating heart failure
Authors: Li Nana , Huang Yuting , Chen Feng , Yin Zhaorui , Wang Xiao , Zhang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImprovement of strategies to treat heart failure (HF) has been a longstanding global goal and challenge. Shen‐Fu formula (SF), as a classic herbal preparation, has demonstrated efficacy in treating HF in clinical settings. However, further understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of SF is required. In this study, metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to analyze the effects of SF on metabolic profiling and gut microbiota in HF rats. After 4 weeks of SF treatment, the cardiac function of HF rats showed improvement, with a significant increase in ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as a significant decrease in left ventricular volume and mass. Metabolomics study revealed that SF regulates the levels of substances related to energy metabolism, primarily involving lysophosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, we found that SF regulates the structure of the microbial community in HF rats and modulates the balance between probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the SF combination exhibited a superior effect that was better than the use of each herb separately. These results demonstrate the potential of SF therapy in the management of HF and highlight the role of SF in regulating fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiome during HF.
Measuring the diagnostic management and follow‐up imaging for glioma patients across Belgian hospitals between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Vanhauwaert Dimitri , Vanschoenbeek Katrijn , Weyns Frank , Vanopdenbosch Ludo , Tieleman Ann , Michotte Alex , Goffin Karolien , De Gendt Cindy , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Boterberg Tom 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the diagnostic management and follow‐up imaging for glioma patients across Belgian hospitals by calculating process indicators.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed glioma in Belgium (2016–2019) were selected from the Belgian Cancer Registry. The National Social Security Number served as unique patient identifier, linking the Registry to vital status and reimbursement data. Nine measurable process related to diagnosis and follow‐up imaging were identified, with reformulations for 7 due to data limitations. For each indicator, technical documentation sheets, containing all required details (rationale, numerator and denominator, target, limitations, benchmarking, subgroup analyses) were developed, reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel, and validated in six pilot hospitals. Per indicator, patients were assigned to the most relevant hospital per indicator using allocation algorithms.ResultsResults for process indicators assessing MRI use in glioma diagnosis and follow‐up aligned with predefined targets (90%), except for early postoperative MRI (48.5% vs. target 90%). Mandatory reporting of the WHO performance status (89.3% vs. target 100%) and performance of full‐spine (43.6% vs. target 90%) and follow‐up MRI (73.5% vs. target 90%) in ependymoma were suboptimal. The largest variability across centers was noted for the indicator on early postoperative MRI.ConclusionThis calculation of process indicators identified opportunities for improvement in diagnosis and follow‐up imaging for glioma patients in Belgium. Monitoring indicator results and providing individual feedback reports to the Belgian hospitals invites neuro‐oncology care teams and hospital managements to reflect on their results and to take measures to continuously improve care for glioma.
C‐13 Norisoprenoids and Eudesmanoids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Regulate the Lipid Metabolism via the AMPK/ACC/SREBP‐1c Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiang Jian , Sun Cuiling , Wang Guanghui , Xu Qinnan , Bian Yuting , Li Jie , Li Jingdian , Ding Rong , Lin Houwen , Tian Wenjing , Chen Haifeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLotustine A (1), an undescribed C‐13 norisoprenoid, along with 22 known analogues and two eudesmanoids, were isolated from the aerial parts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Among them, compounds 2, 15, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25 were isolated from N. nucifera leaves for the first time. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and the modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 is the first example of C‐13 norisoprenoid with a terminal double bond between C‐5 and C‐13. Moreover, the lipid‐lowering activities of the isolates were evaluated, and the results showed that 2, 24 and 25 could remarkably decrease the levels of both total cholesterol and triglyceride in free fatty acids induced HepG2 cells at the concentration of 20 μM. The oil red staining assay further demonstrated the lipid‐lowering effects of 2, 24 and 25. The western blot results indicated that compounds 2, 24 and 25 could regulate the lipid metabolism via the activation of the AMPK/ACC/SREBP‐1c signaling pathway.
Alveolar and gingival necrosis resulting from chloroform overextrusion beyond the root canal: A case report
Authors: Modarresi Zahra Sadat , Shafagh Sahar , Kaviani Mehrzad , Karizmeh Mojtaba Salehi 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageChloroform is among the most common solvents for root canal treatment. Despite its classification as a potential carcinogen, it is effective if used correctly. Inappropriate use can lead to severe complications, including persistent pain, gingival recession, and necessitating surgical intervention to resect necrotizing bone.
Harnessing the Potential of Morphologically Tailored ZnSn(OH)6 Nanograss Photoanode for Solar‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Mohapatra Lokanath , Garg Parveen , Deshpande Uday , Tyagi Himanshu , Kushwaha Ajay K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrothermal growth of ZnSn(OH)6 nanograss on ZnO‐coated FTO substrates is demonstrated. Effect of surfactants addition (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol), precursor concentration, and reaction temperature on surface morphology of ZnSn(OH)6 nanograss are investigated. Addition of surfactant in precursor solution results in growth of approximately 20–30 nm thick nanograss morphology with varying orientation. The nanograss grow longer by increasing the concentration of precursors solution. The grown ZnSn(OH)6, exhibits XRD peaks corresponding to cubic phase ZnSn(OH)6. Optical bandgap of the grown nanograss are calculated in the range from ∼3.0 to 3.5 eV. The nanograss photoanode grown with PEG surfactant (at 200 °C) has shown the highest photocurrent of 2.2 mA/cm2 at RHE 1.23VRHE and photoconversion efficiency of 1.4% at 0.46 VRHE. The longer nanograss has shown lower charge transfer resistance and higher charge carrier concentration, which is favorable for enhancing the PEC performance.
Ex Situ Electro‐Organic Synthesis – A Method for Unrestricted Reaction Control and New Options for Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Pletsch Helena , Lyu Yang , Halter Dominik P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClassic in situ electro‐organic synthesis with substrates in an electrolyzer must compromise process conditions to balance electro‐ and thermochemical steps at both electrodes. This often restricts efficiency and product selectivity, since requirements may deviate for electrochemical (catalyst activation) and chemical (organic synthesis) steps, as well as for paired anode‐ and cathode reactions. Breaking this barrier, we report ex situ electro‐organic synthesis as a versatile method that enables unique product selectivity and unusual product pairs. We exemplify the concept for pairing H2 evolution (HER) with anodic alcohol oxidation. The two‐step method accomplishes this by separating cathode reactions from organic substrate oxidation, and anodic electrocatalyst activation from chemical conversion of organic substrates in time and space. First, the electro‐oxidation of Ni(OH)2 anodes to NiOOH is paired with H2 production by alkaline water electrolysis. Then, “charged” NiOOH electrodes are removed from the electrolyzer and used in external vessels to oxidize model substrate benzyl alcohol under regeneration of Ni(OH)2. Free choice of reaction media outside the electrolyzer allows to selectively obtain benzoic acid (in water) or benzaldehyde (in n‐hexane), whereas classic in situ electrosynthesis only produces the acid together with H2. Perspectively, the method enables electrosynthesis of previously inaccessible products paired to H2 generation.
Natural killer cell engagers: From bi‐specific to tri‐specific and tetra‐specific engagers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu An , Bai Yu , Nan Yanyang , Ju Dianwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNatural killer cell engagers (NKCEs) are a specialised subset of antibodies capable of simultaneously targeting endogenous NK cells and tumour cells, generating precise and effective cytolytic responses against cancer. This review systematically explores NK engagers as a rising star in NK‐mediated immunotherapy, specifically focusing on multi‐specific engagers. It examines the diverse configuration of NKCEs and how certain biologics could be employed to boost NK activity, including activating receptor engagement and cytokine incorporation. Some challenges and future perspectives of current NKCEs therapy are also discussed, including optimising pharmacokinetics, addressing the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and exploring potential combinatorial approaches. By offering an in‐depth analysis of the current landscape and future trajectories of multi‐specific NKCEs in cancer treatment, this review serves as a valuable resource for understanding this promising field of immunotherapy.Highlights
Innovative NKCEs: NK cell engagers (NKCEs) represent a promising new class of immunotherapeutics targeting tumours by activating NK cells.
Multi‐specific formats: The transition from bi‐specific to multi‐specific NKCEs enhances their versatility and therapeutic efficacy.
Mechanisms of action: NKCEs have the potential to improve NK cell activation by engaging activating receptors and incorporating cytokines.
Clinical potential: Current clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of various NKCEs across different cancer types.
Future research directions: Optimising NKCE designs and exploring combination therapies are essential for overcoming challenges in cancer treatment.
Antecedent Effect Models as an Exploratory Tool to Link Climate Drivers to Herbaceous Perennial Population Dynamics Data
Authors: Compagnoni Aldo , Childs Dylan , Knight Tiffany M. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding mechanisms and predicting natural population responses to climate is a key goal of Ecology. However, studies explicitly linking climate to population dynamics remain limited. Antecedent effect models are a set of statistical tools that capitalize on the evidence provided by climate and population data to select time windows correlated with a response (e.g., survival, reproduction). Thus, these models can serve as both a predictive and exploratory tool. We compare the predictive performance of antecedent effect models against simpler models and showcase their exploratory analysis potential by selecting a case study with high predictive power. We fit three antecedent effect models: (1) weighted mean models (WMM), which weigh the importance of monthly anomalies based on a Gaussian curve, (2) stochastic antecedent models (SAM), which weigh the importance of monthly anomalies using a Dirichlet process, and (3) regularized regressions using the Finnish horseshoe model (FHM), which estimate a separate effect size for each monthly anomaly. We compare these approaches to a linear model using a yearly climatic predictor and a null model with no predictors. We use demographic data from 77 natural populations of 34 plant species ranging between seven and 36 years in length. We then fit models to the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) and its underlying vital rates: survival, development, and reproduction. We find that models including climate do not consistently outperform null models. We hypothesize that the effect of yearly climate is too complex, weak, and confounded by other factors to be easily predicted using monthly precipitation and temperature data. On the other hand, in our case study, antecedent effect models show biologically sensible correlations between two precipitation anomalies and multiple vital rates. We conclude that, in temporal datasets with limited sample sizes, antecedent effect models are better suited as exploratory tools for hypothesis generation.
Venturing Into the Unknown: The Importance of Variable Selection When Modelling Alien Species Under Non‐Analogue Climatic Conditions
Authors: Vorstenbosch Tom , Essl Franz , Lenzner Bernd , Wessely Johannes , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to address species' responses to bioclimatic conditions in the fields of ecology, biogeography and conservation. Among studies that have addressed reasons for model prediction variability, the impact of climatic variable selection has received limited attention and is rarely assessed in sensitivity analyses. Here, we tested the assumption that this aspect of model design is a major source of uncertainty, especially when projections are made to non‐analogue climates. As a study system, we used 142 alien plant species introduced to the sub‐Antarctic islands. Based on global occurrence data, we fitted SDMs as functions of seven bioclimatic variable sets that only differed in the identity of two temperature variables. Moreover, we calculated the overlap between the island's climatic conditions and the niches the species have realised outside of the islands. Despite comparable internal evaluation metrics, projections of these models were in sharp contrast with each other, with some models predicting the sub‐Antarctic islands' climate to be almost ubiquitously suitable to most species and others unsuitable to almost all species. In particular, the mean temperature of the warmest month led to strong underpredictions of the SDMs, while its replacement by the mean temperature of the coldest month led to massive overpredictions. Partitioning the variance in projections demonstrated that predictor identity was its most important source, followed by island and species identity. The size of area projected to be suitable was also related to the overlap in predictor values realised in the global range of species (outside of the islands) and on the islands. Our findings emphasise the importance of bioclimatic variable selection in SDMs, especially when making projections to non‐analogue climates. Such extrapolations are often required, especially when using SDMs to assess invasion risk under both current and future climates.
Potential of Ex Situ Conservation Strains Revealed by Genetic Analysis of Oceanic Islands' Endangered Species Pittosporum parvifolium
Authors: Kawakita Haruna , Sakaguchi Shota , Katoh Saeko , Kato Hidetoshi , Tanaka Takefumi , Komaki Yoshiteru , Ideno Takahito , Setoguchi Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Ogasawara Islands, representing an oceanic island ecosystem in Japan, have a notably high rate of endemic species akin to other oceanic islands globally. Pittosporum parvifolium is a critically endangered shrub with only four remaining individuals in its natural habitat on the Ogasawara Islands. Current conservation efforts encompass both in situ and ex situ approaches for P. parvifolium. However, these efforts face challenges stemming from the lack of critical conservation information. Therefore, we explored P. parvifolium's genetic diversity and implications for conservation. We utilized simple sequence repeat markers to scrutinize genetic diversity within both in situ and ex situ populations, revealing notably rich diversity among both. The in situ genetic diversity was significantly high despite the few extant individuals. In addition, many of the ex situ peculiar genotypes were absent in individuals conserved in situ. This investigation also provides insights into the reproductive strategies and combinations of selfing and outcrossing. The results of the present study recommend conservation to maximize genetic diversity in P. parvifolium by promoting cross‐pollination among in situ individuals and by introducing individuals with unique genotypes into ex situ stocks.
Ruthenium Complexes of Phenylbenzothiazole‐Quinoline based Ligands for Selective α‐Olefination of Methylazaarenes
Authors: Bhatt Surabhi , Malpani Priyal , Swornaprava Pati Swati , Kumar Nitish , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Joshi Hemant , Sharma Anuj K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis report describes synthesis of a new ligand (E)‐N‐(4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐1‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanimine (L1) and its three ruthenium(II) arene complexes with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 (C1), [RuCl2(benzene)]2 (C2), and [RuCl2(hmb)]2 [hmb=hexamethylbenzene] (C3). The new ligand and complexes were characterized with the help of standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques like 1H and 13C{1H} Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), UV‐Visible, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis. The structure of ruthenium complex (C1) and its binding mode with ligand were authenticated with the help of single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The ruthenium arene complexes (C1‐‐C3) were used as a catalyst for the α‐olefination of Methylazaarenes. First, methylazaarenes were reacted with alcohols under optimized reaction conditions to produce α‐olefinated products (up to 66 %) selectively. Among the three ruthenium complexes, C1 demonstrated the highest yield of olefinated products with 5 mol % catalyst loading. Finally, selected olefin derivatives were tested for their inhibitory potential towards the aggregation of amyloid‐b‐40 (Aβ40) peptide relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Overall, these complexes are promising catalysts for organic transformations, and the synthesized α‐olefinated derivatives could have potential applications for the development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Fluoroalkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wang Xiuling , Wu Yaxing , Xu Songlin , Qu Hongmei , Chen Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA decarboxylative fluoroalkylation of α,β‐unsaturated acids was developed by the use of a dual nickel/photoredox catalysis system. The fluoroalkyl radicals are generated from α‐CF3 alkyl bromides by nickel‐induced single electron transfer (SET) and are subsequently intercepted by a cinnamic acid to forge the targeted C−C bonds. A wide variety of substrates bearing a diverse set of functional groups were compatible with the mild reaction conditions (visible light, room temperature, cheap metal, no strong oxidant or reductant), thus affording trifluoromethyl analogues of α‐methylated allylic compounds.
Tafoni and laboratory‐based experiments of historical contingent phenomenon
Authors: Inkpen Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractControlled experiments on natural forms involve a traditional view of explanation that prioritizes control, manipulation and replication over more nuanced understanding of the phenomena under investigation. This is an issue if the phenomenon, like tafoni, is historically contingent. In particular, the entanglement of the environment is explicitly severed in controlled experiments. The failure to adequately reproduce the ordered forms associated with tafoni in laboratory experiments suggests that simulation and field case studies could provide a more informative route to understanding tafoni. This will, however, require a more systematic recognition of how such research enables researchers to understand the initial conditions of weathering and modes of development to tafoni observed.