bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Social Media to Broaden Understanding of the Barriers and Facilitators to Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Oser Tamara K. , Minnehan Kaitlin A. , Wong Glenna , Parascando Jessica , McGinley Erin , Radico Julie , Oser Sean M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Many people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not achieve levels of exercise recommended by the American Diabetes Association, often due to unique barriers, including fear of hypoglycemia. This study aimed to broaden the understanding of barriers and facilitators to exercise among adults with T1D by exploring social media—specifically T1D-themed blogs—in addition to more traditional interviews and journals. Methods: Data sources included exercise-focused T1D blog posts (n = 67) and associated comments (n = 717), as well as interviews of and journals kept by adults with T1D (n = 10). Data were analyzed using a qualitative inductive thematic approach. Shared and unique themes were identified among the three data sources. Content mapping illustrates these relationships and interplay. Results: Three metathemes were identified: (1) exercise with T1D requires significant planning, (2) hypoglycemia often interrupts or causes alteration to exercise, and (3) “ordinary” activities can cause greater insulin sensitivity and hypoglycemia, much like planned exercise, but are often unrecognized as exercise. Unique themes found only in the blogs, only in interviews, or only in journals are also reported. Conclusions: Social media such as blogs can be a valuable addition to qualitative research, especially when combined with other sources of data. This study suggests a need for providing adults with T1D with more instruction on preventing hypoglycemia during exercise, as well as links to organized or online activities that can provide support and education. Health care providers may wish to consider strategies to help adults with T1D recognize glycemic impact from daily activities not typically recognized as exercise.
A Comparison of Talar Surface Area Occupied by 2- Versus 3-Screw Fixation for Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: So Eric , Brandão Roberto A. , Bull Patrick E. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Ankle arthrodesis is a procedure utilized in the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Internal fixation with screws is traditionally relied on to achieve union. Although the use of screw fixation alone has produced satisfactory outcomes, nonunion rates can range from 9% to as high as 35%. Adding an additional screw to the traditional 2-screw fixation construct may improve the likelihood of union by adding strength and stiffness; however, this addition may counteract the theoretical fusion enhancement benefit by reducing the joint surface area (SA) available for fusion. Methods. A cadaver study was performed to compare the amount of SA lost from a standard 2-screw (group 1) versus the 3-screw ankle fusion construct (group 2). A total of 10 fresh cadaveric below-knee specimens were used. Cannulated 7.0-mm partially threaded screws were placed across the ankle joint. Each talus was examined to precisely determine joint SA loss following each procedure. Results. The mean total talus SA in group 1 was 1833.71 mm2 compared with 2125.76 mm2 in group 2. The mean SA lost by the 2-screw construct was 5.91%, versus 9.51% in the 3-screw construct group. The talus SA loss percentage difference between groups reached statistical significance (P = .0220). Conclusion. The addition of a third 7.0-mm screw to a 2-screw ankle fusion construct raised the percentage of joint surface lost from 5.91% to 9.5%. Clinical Relevance. Surgeons may consider using extra-articular plates with 1 or 2 intra-articular screws instead of the traditional 3-screw construct if there is an elevated concern for nonunion. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Cadaveric case series
Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Growth and Redifferentiation Potential of Chondrocytes Harvested from the Femur in Cam-Type Deformities
Authors: Wilken Frauke , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Laux Florian , Blanke Fabian , Schauwecker Johannes , Vogt Stephan , Gollwitzer Hans 
Published: March 2019

Objective Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is one of the most frequent reasons for cartilage damage in the hip. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation has proven high success rates in the treatment of focal chondral defects; however, harvesting of chondrocytes in the hip has been reported but not specifically from the region of femoral cam lesions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze the growth and redifferentiation potential of cartilage samples harvested from the cam deformities in patients with FAI. Design Cartilage samples were gained from 15 patients with cam-type FAI undergoing arthroscopic femoral cam resection. Healthy (hyaline cartilage of the hip and knee joint, n = 12) and arthritic control groups (degenerative changes in cartilage of the hip joint, n = 8) were also analyzed. Chondrocytes were initially cultured under monolayer, and subsequently under pellet conditions. A comparative representation of the groups was performed by Mankin score classification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Col1, Col2, aggrecan), and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (Col1, Col2, Col10, Sox9, RunX2). Results Mankin score of FAI-samples (4.1±3.1, Range 0-10) showed a wide variation but was significant lower ( P = 0.0244) when compared with the arthritic control (7.5 ± 2.7, range 4-12). IHC showed an increased deposition of Col2 ( P = 0.0002) and aggrecan ( P = 0.0261) after pellet culture compared with deposition after monolayer culture in all groups. In qRT-PCR, FAI samples showed after pellet culture increased Col2 ( P = 0.0050) and Col10 expression ( P = 0.0006) and also Mankin score correlated increasing gene-expression of Col10 ( r = 0.8108, P = 0.0341) and RunX2 ( r = 0.8829, P = 0.123). Conclusions Cartilage samples of patients with cam-type FAI showed sufficient but heterogeneous composition relating to histological quality and chondrogenic potential. However, harvesting of chondrocytes from the cam lesion might be a valid option especially if a cartilage lesion is noted in a diagnostic arthroscopy and individual preexisting stage of cartilage degeneration and appropriate pellet-culturing conditions are considered.
Sex-specific clinical outcomes of impaired glucose status: A long follow-up from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Parizadeh Donna , Rahimian Neda , Akbarpour Samaneh , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: March 2019

AimsTo investigate the sex-specific associations of prediabetes with major clinical outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and all-cause mortality.MethodsAmong 8498 Iranian adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, aged ≥30 years and without diagnosed type 2 diabetes, gender-interactions were assessed for each outcome, followed by sex-separated multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different prediabetes categories, including impaired fasting glucose (IFG), defined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO), as fasting plasma glucose of 5.6–6.9 mmol/L and 6.1–6.9 mmol/L, respectively, and impaired glucose tolerance, defined as 2-h post challenge plasma glucose of 7.8–11 mmol/L.ResultsSex-specific associations existed for men between IFG-ADA and chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio: 1.28, 95% CI 0.99–1.65; pinteraction = 0.008) and between IFG-WHO and stroke (hazard ratio: 2.15, 95% CI 1.08–4.27; pinteraction = 0.21); and for women between IFG-ADA and hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48; pinteraction = 0.06) and between impaired glucose tolerance and coronary heart disease (hazard ratio: 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.16; pinteraction = 0.05). Among both genders, all prediabetes definitions were associated with type 2 diabetes but none with mortality.ConclusionsThe hazards of prediabetes definitions may differ between genders depending on the outcome of interest. IFG-WHO among men and impaired glucose tolerance among women are particularly important because of their association with incident stroke and coronary heart disease, respectively. Considering these sex differences could improve personalized management of prediabetes.
Comparison of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Performed in an Inpatient Versus Outpatient Setting
Authors: Vaishnav Avani , Hill Patrick , McAnany Steven , Patel Dil V. , Haws Brittany E. , Khechen Benjamin , Singh Kern , Gang Catherine Himo , Qureshi Sheeraz 
Published: March 2019

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To evaluate differences in patient factors, procedural factors, early outcomes and safety in mutlilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the inpatient versus outpatient setting. Methods: Patient demographics, operative factors, and outcomes of multilevel ACDF performed in an inpatient and outpatient setting were compared using Fisher’s exact test for categorical and Student’s t test for continuous variables. Results: Fifty-seven patients had surgery on an outpatient and 46 on an inpatient basis. Inpatients were older (56.7 vs 52.2 years, P = .012) and had a higher ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class ( P = .002). Sixty percent of 2-level cases were outpatient surgeries, compared with 35% of 3-level cases ( P = .042). Outpatients had shorter operative times (71.26 vs 83.59 minutes, P < .0001) and shorter lengths of stay (8.51 vs 35.76 hours, P < .0001), lower blood loss (33.04 vs 45.87 mL, P = .003), and fewer in-hospital complications (5.3% vs 37.0%, P < .0001). Outpatients had better early outcomes in terms of 6-week Neck Disability Index (NDI) (27.97 vs 37.59, P = .014), visual analogue scale (VAS) neck (2.92 vs 4.02, P = .044), and Short Form–12 Physical Health Score (SF-12 PHS) (35.66 vs 30.79, P = .008). However, these differences did not persist at 6 months. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that multilevel ACDF can be performed safely in the outpatient setting without an increased risk of complications compared with the inpatient setting in an appropriately selected patient. Specifically, patients’ age, ASA class, and number of levels being fused should be taken into consideration. At our institution, ASA class 3, body mass index >40 kg/m2, age >80 years, intubation time >2.5 hours, or not having a responsible adult with the patient warrant inpatient admission. Importantly, the setting of the surgery does not affect patient-reported outcomes.
Safety and efficacy of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks for treatment of pelvic pain
Authors: Cooke Carly M , Flaxman Teresa E , Chen Innie , Singh Sukhbir 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for patients with lower abdominal wall pain in a gynaecology setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 131 patients who received ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks at a tertiary referral centre for pelvic pain between 1 January 2012 and 13 July 2017 was performed. Patient demographics, history, examination findings and block data were extracted. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests explored differences in patient characteristics between patients with and without effective response to their initial ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block. Results: A total of 465 ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks were performed among patients. The effect of the initial block was available for 99 out of 131 patients. Of these patients, 70% (n = 69) reported a great improvement in pain, 9% (n = 9) some improvement in pain, 18% (n = 18) no response and 3% (n = 3) worsening of pain. A significantly greater number of patients who were not responsive to their first block reported unilateral pain (p = 0.040) and had a history of vulvodynia (p = 0.038) when compared to patients who were responsive to their first block. Seven patients (5%) reported minor adverse events related to blocks. Conclusion: Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks provide pain relief for those with pelvic pain localized to the lower abdominal wall, with a low rate of minor adverse events.
Arthroscopic treatment of symptomatic lateral synovial plica of the knee
Authors: Kosaka Masahiro , Nakase Junsuke , Kitaoka Katsuhiko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Synovial plicae are often observed when performing arthroscopic surgery, but their pathological nature and the necessity for treatment are still controversial. There are few reports regarding lateral synovial plicae because it is considered extremely rare. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes of athletes with symptomatic lateral synovial plicae who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Methods: Ten patients with lateral synovial plica underwent arthroscopic surgery. Of the 10 patients, 5 were male and 5 were female, and their average age was 19.1 years. The chief symptoms were anterolateral knee pain, limited range of motion due to pain, and catching. All patients failed nonoperative management. Results: The average period between the onset of lateral synovial plica syndrome and the knee surgery was 5.6 months. The average follow-up period after surgery was 8.4 months. The arthroscopic findings revealed that a plica-like structure existed in the lateral patellofemoral joint. After surgery, pain and limited range of joint motion were improved in all cases and catching and locking disappeared. No complications were observed; however, the pain relapsed after surgery in one patient who had slow onset. In this patient, another resection of the synovial plica provided symptomatic improvement. Conclusions: Arthroscopic resection of symptomatic lateral synovial plicae was performed with good results. Lateral synovial plica syndrome is a rare condition. However, when treating athletes with anterolateral knee pain, lateral synovial plicae should be considered.
Tightening medial collateral ligament during total knee arthroplasty for patients with fixed valgus deformity: A novel technique
Authors: Cheng Xingwang , Wang Zhibing , Zhang Yuan , Wang Min , Zhang Xia 
Published: March 2019

Background: This study aimed to explore a new surgical technique for gap balance by tightening the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with fixed valgus deformity. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis was performed on 15 patients (16 knees) with a fixed valgus deformity that was corrected by tightening the MCL during TKA. A single surgeon performed all the 16 TKAs using nonconstrained posterior substituting implant, with two knees treated with long-stem tibial prosthesis. Clinical scores, knee stability, and radiographic evaluations were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: Complete weight-bearing could be carried out under the protection of the brace postoperatively. At the third month after surgery, X-rays showed the brace was not worn. The mean follow-up was 26.6 months (range 12–42 months). The average preoperative mechanical axis was 15.4 ± 2.3° (range 11–25°), and postoperatively it was 0.6 ± 0.1° (range 0–2°). No complication relative to the technique occurred. Conclusion: This new surgical technique has demonstrated excellent early clinical results and can be a good supplement for fixed valgus knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: III.
Evaluation of Shoulder Strength and Kinematics as Risk Factors for Shoulder Injury in United States Special Forces Personnel
Authors: Johnson Caleb D. , Nijst Branco K.J.F. , Eagle Shawn R. , Kessels Marijn W.M. , Lovalekar Mita T. , Krajewski Kellen T. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Nindl Bradley C. , Connaboy Christopher 
Published: March 2019

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries at the shoulder are highly prevalent and place a large burden on United States Special Forces personnel. Literature is lacking regarding the risk factors for these types of injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of shoulder strength and kinematic characteristics, which have shown retrospective associations with shoulder conditions/injuries, with prospectively collected shoulder injuries. We hypothesized that lower strength and abnormal kinematics would be predictive of future shoulder injury. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 140 male Special Forces operators underwent a musculoskeletal evaluation of the shoulder that included a scapular kinematic assessment during a humeral elevation task and isokinetic strength testing of the scapular protractors/retractors, external/internal rotators, and elevators of the shoulder. From strength assessments, ipsilateral strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetries were also calculated. Musculoskeletal injuries of the shoulder were collected prospectively by use of medical chart reviews at 365 days following the evaluation. Separate generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and simple logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between baseline predictors and development of shoulder injury. Results: Results of the GEEs showed no significant prediction of shoulder injury by shoulder strength (odds ratio [OR], 1.00-1.03), ipsilateral strength ratios (OR, 0.43-2.12), or scapular kinematics (OR, 0.99-1.01). Logistic regression indicated that none of the bilateral asymmetries were significantly predictive of shoulder injury (OR, 1.00-1.04). Conclusion: The results indicate that shoulder strength and kinematic characteristics are not risk factors for shoulder injury in the Special Forces population. These findings are in opposition to the general findings of previous research using a retrospective analysis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin suppress stemness of SMMC-7721 cells induced by co-culture of liver cancer stem-like cells with hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Wen Qi , Xu Chang , Zhou Jie , Liu Nuo-Min , Cui Ying-Hong , Quan Mei-Fang , Cao Jian-Guo , Ren Kai-qun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Our previous works have demonstrated that 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin suppressed stemness of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 induced by condition medium from hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 that was activated by liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs). However, whether and whereby BrMC inhibits the stemness induced by co-culture of LCSCs and LX-2 cells remains to be investigated.

Methods
The second-generation spheres by sphere culture were identified and used as SMMC-7721-and MHCC97H-derived LCSLCs. SMMC-7721-and MHCC97-derived LCSCs/LX-2 cells transwell co-culture system was treated with BrMC and its lead compound chrysin. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, HGF and PDGF in condition medium from co-culture were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The stemness of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by sphere formation assay and western blot analysis for expression levels of cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44).The expression levels of cancer-associated fibroblast markers (FAP-α and α-SMA) were employed to evaluate pathologic activation of LX-2 cells. Addition of IL-6 and/or HGF or deletion of IL-6 and/or HGF was conducted to investigate the mechanisms for BrMC and chrysin treatment in SMMC-7721-derived LCSLCs co-cultured with LX-2cells.

Results
The co-culture of LCSLCs with LX-2 cells increased sphere formation capability as well as expression of CD133 and CD44 in SMMC-7721 cells, meanwhile, upregulated expression of FAP-α in LX-2 cells. ELISA indicated that the concentrations of IL-6 and HGF were significantly elevated in Co-CM than that of condition media from co-cultured SMMC-7721 cells/LX-2 cells. Treatment of BrMC and chrysin with co-cultures of SMMC-7721- and MHCC97H-derived LCSLCs and LX-2 cells effectively inhibited the above responses. Moreover, addition of IL-6 and/or HGF induced stemness of SMMC-7721 cells and activation of LX-2 cells, conversely, deletion of IL-6 and/or HGF suppressed those. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of BrMC and chrysin on stemness of SMMC-7721 cells and activation of LX-2 cells were attenuated by addition of IL-6 or HGF, and enhanced by deletion of IL-6 or HGF.

Conclusions
Our results suggest IL-6 and HGF may be the key communication molecules for the interaction between LCSLCs and HSCs, and BrMC and chrysin could block these effects and be the novel therapeutic candidates for HCC management.
Compatibility enhancement and performance measurement for socket interface with PCIe interconnections
Authors: Shim Cheol , Shinde Rupali , Choi Min 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Today the key technology of high-performance computing systems is the emergence of interconnect technology that makes multiple computers into one computer cluster. This technique is a general method in which each constituent node processes its own operation and communicates with different nodes. Therefore, a high-performance network has been required. InfiniBand and Gigabit Ethernet technologies are typical examples of high-performance network. As an alternative to those technologies the development of interconnection technology using PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, which has characteristics of high speed, low power, and high protocol efficiency is actively under development. In a high-performance network, the TCP/IP protocol consumes CPU resources and memory bandwidth by nature, which is a bottleneck. In this paper, we implement the PCIe based interconnection network system with low latency, low power, RDMA, and other characteristics. We utilize Socket API which is mainly used in the user-level application program rather than the existing MPI and PGAS model interfaces. The implemented PCIe interconnection network system was measured with the metrics as the bandwidth using the Iperf Benchmark which uses the Socket API. The bandwidth at 4 Mbyte of transmission data size was measured to be 1084 Mbyte/s bandwidth based on PCIe, which is about 96 times higher than that of 11.2 Mbyte/s bandwidth based on Ethernet.