bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive diversity and innovative work behaviour: The mediating roles of task reflexivity and relationship conflict and the moderating role of perceived support
Authors: Chen Xingwen , Liu Jun , Zhang Haina , Kwan Ho Kwong 
Published: February 2019

Previous research has merely explored the positive relationship between cognitive diversity and creativity, but the potential negative side of cognitive diversity might also prevail and should be examined together with its positive side. To address this gap, our study, drawing on the categorization–elaboration model framework, explored both the positive and negative effects of cognitive diversity on creativity/innovation in a single model. Using data collected from 101 teams (including both team leaders and team members) in 10 Chinese manufacturing companies, we identified a dual pathway – namely, task reflexivity (i.e., positive pathway) and relationship conflict (i.e., negative pathway) – in the linkage of cognitive diversity and innovative work behaviour (i.e., IWB). Cognitive diversity encouraged IWB via the task reflexivity pathway, but impeded IWB via the relationship conflict pathway. We further demonstrated that perceived support for innovation moderated the relationships between cognitive diversity and task reflexivity/relationship conflict, with cognitive diversity more related to task reflexivity and less related to relationship conflict when perceived support for innovation was high. Moderated mediation effects also indicated that the positive indirect effect of cognitive diversity on IWB through task reflexivity existed only when support for innovation was high and that the negative indirect effect of cognitive diversity on IWB through relationship conflict occurred only when support for innovation was low.Practitioner points

This study informs team managers about the double‐edged‐sword effect of cognitive diversity on innovative work behaviour and calls for future research on how to manage diverse teams composed of individuals with different cognitions.

Cognitive diversity was found to influence innovative work behaviour positively via task reflexivity and negatively via relationship conflict. Therefore, team managers should encourage their employees to rethink and re‐evaluate task‐related issues but not translate this into emotional exclusion.

Perceived support for innovation strengthened the positive effect of cognitive diversity and weakened its negative influence. Therefore, team managers should build up such an environment by showing support and encouragement of innovation in teams of employees with different cognitions.
The occurrence of cardiac abnormalities in canine steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis
Authors: Spence S. , French A. , Penderis J. , Macfarlane L. , Gutierrez‐Quintana R. , Dickson L. , Holmes K. , McLauchlan G. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo document the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis and to assess resolution of these abnormalities following corticosteroid therapy.Materials and MethodsSteroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis was diagnosed based on signalment, physical examination findings, complete blood count, biochemistry and CSF analysis. Echocardiography, C‐reactive protein and cardiac troponin I were measured in all cases before and 10 to 14 days after commencing corticosteroid therapy. Fibrinogen was also measured in a proportion of dogs.ResultsFourteen dogs were prospectively enrolled. Increased cardiac troponin I was identified in five of 14 dogs and echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 12 of 14 dogs, including spontaneous echo contrast (12 of 14), mild pericardial effusion (five of 14) and mildly decreased fractional shortening (five of 14). All dogs had increased C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen was increased in 11 of 12. Corticosteroid treatment was associated with clinical improvement and normalisation of C‐reactive protein in all dogs. The cardiac troponin I levels normalised in four of five and fibrinogen had normalised in all five dogs which were retested. Spontaneous echo contrast improved or completely resolved in 12 of 12 and pericardial effusion resolved in five of five dogs. Fractional shortening normalised in two of five dogs.Clinical SignificanceCardiac changes are common in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis and most resolve with therapy. Further investigation into the cause and significance of these changes is necessary in determining whether antithrombotic therapy or positive inotropic therapy is indicated.
Integrating nutrition into health systems: What the evidence advocates
Authors: Salam Rehana A. , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is considerable evidence of positive health and nutrition outcomes resulting from integrating nutrition‐specific interventions into health systems; however, current knowledge on establishing and sustaining effective integration of nutrition into health systems is limited. The objective of this review is to map the existing types of integration platforms and review the evidence on integrated health and nutrition programmes' impacts on specific nutrition outcomes. A literature search was conducted, and integrated nutrition programmes were examined through the lens of the six World Health Organization (WHO) building blocks, including the demand side. Forty‐five studies were included in this review, outlining the integration of nutrition‐specific interventions with various programmes, including integrated community case management and Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, Child Health Days, immunization, early child development, and cash transfers. Limited quantitative data were suggestive of some positive impact on nutrition and non‐nutrition outcomes with no adverse effects on primary programme delivery. Through the lens of the six WHO building blocks, service delivery and health workforce were found to be well‐integrated, but governance, information systems, finance and supplies and technology were less well‐integrated. Integrating nutrition‐specific interventions into health systems may ensure efficient service delivery while having an impact on nutrition outcomes. There is no single successful model of integration; it varies according to the context and demands of the particular setting in which integration occurs. There is a need for more well‐planned programmes considering all the health systems building blocks to ensure compliance and sustainability.
Bacterial NHEJ: a never ending story
Authors: Bertrand Claire , Thibessard Annabelle , Bruand Claude , Lecointe François , Leblond Pierre 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDouble‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most detrimental DNA damage encountered by bacterial cells. DBSs can be repaired by homologous recombination thanks to the availability of an intact DNA template or by Non‐Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) when no intact template is available. Bacterial NHEJ is performed by sets of proteins of growing complexity from Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Streptomyces and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we discuss the contribution of these models to the understanding of the bacterial NHEJ repair mechanism as well as the involvement of NHEJ partners in other DNA repair pathways. The importance of NHEJ and of its complexity is discussed in the perspective of regulation through the biological cycle of the bacteria and in response to environmental stimuli. Finally, we consider the role of NHEJ in genome evolution, notably in horizontal gene transfer.
Trusting diversity: nationalist and multiculturalist orientations affect generalised trust through ethnic in‐group and out‐group trust
Authors: Kongshøj Kristian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne premise of popular nationalism is that ascribing to a shared culture that enjoys a privileged political status enables us to construct the foundation that is vital to generating and supporting trust among members of the ethnic majority. Multiculturalism presumes that the accommodation of new minority cultures is conducive to trust. Utilising structural equation modelling, this paper distinguishes between ethnic in‐group trust (in the Danish context, trusting fellow Danes) and ethnic out‐group trust (trusting refugees and immigrants), in addition to a more generalised social trust towards unknown others. Previous studies in this field have not distinguished between these different dimensions of social trust. Results show that, vis‐à‐vis generalised trust, at the individual level, nationalism cannot compensate for lower trust towards immigrants with higher trust towards other Danes. There is some support for the ‘national identity’ argument, whereby nationalism, perceived shared values and in‐group trust are positively correlated. However, the net effect of nationalism upon generalised trust remains negative. By contrast, multiculturalism is associated with higher levels of in‐group trust and out‐group trust and ultimately of generalised trust.
The New Ecology of Tornado Warning Information: A Natural Experiment Assessing Threat Intensity and Citizen‐to‐Citizen Information Sharing
Authors: Robinson Scott E. , Pudlo Jason M. , Wehde Wesley 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe complexity of the modern information ecosystem raises many questions for public organizations. In the context of emergency management, information (such as warning messages) is communicated not only from a source of authority to the public but also between members of the public. The authors use a series of storms that affected Oklahoma in the spring of 2016 to test propositions related to how information about tornado warnings reached the public and who received and shared information about the storm, as well as to identify how gender and age mediate the influence that exposure to an extreme weather event has on the sharing of this information. Overall, the authors find that reported exposure to a tornado increases information sharing through a variety of media and technology. The effect of the tornado erases the otherwise present gender gap in sharing information, while it has little effect on the media platforms that are most popular among older respondents.
Recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma‐incorporating advance care planning in education and practice
Authors: Munz Stephanie M. , Helman Joseph I. , Tiner Margaret K. , Hart Anita L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis reflection describes a life‐limiting case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that required thoughtful management facilitated by an advance care plan (ACP). A 70‐year‐old female was diagnosed with a T4aN2bM0 biopsy‐proven invasive, well‐differentiated keratinizing SCC. Surgical wide‐local excision included teeth #11‐16 with left unilateral neck dissection, levels I‐V. She was rehabilitated with maxillary obturator prosthesis and underwent chemoradiation therapy. Her course was complicated by dysphagia and trismus. She experienced multiple recurrences. At a certain point, negative margins could not be achieved without facial disfigurement. The patient, her husband, and providers decided together that further management would be palliative. Before the additional surgical procedures, she communicated a thorough ACP with her husband and providers who were prepared to facilitate difficult care decisions on her behalf. The patient passed away at home with hospice care at the age of 74. This motivated patient with oral SCC and impactful postmanagement complications appreciated the clarity of an ACP. Her values and goals of care were incorporated with ongoing communication and documentation of this plan, which was instrumental in facilitating her person‐centered care. The providers apply lessons learned here in future practice and education of residents and students.
The production of trans illegality: Cisnormativity in the U.S. immigration system
Authors: Collier Megan , Daniel Meghan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrawing from critical scholarship on immigrant illegality and transgender studies, this paper examines how trans immigrants may be more prone to vulnerabilities in the U.S. immigration system. Cisnormativity, a hierarchical system of power that structures legal, administrative, and policing systems, produces the “hypervisibility” of gender variance. We add to migration scholarship by analyzing how cisnormativity can intersect with the production of immigrant illegalities and can render trans immigrants as hypervisible and, where possible, attend to the ways in which, paradoxically, trans subjectivity is also erased. Trans immigrants can be more susceptible to arrest, criminal prosecution, detention, deportation, blocked paths to citizenship, or adjustment of status. With trans studies' insights on the criminalization of gender variance and administrative documentation, we investigate the particularities of visibility for trans immigrants as they inform legalities and social exclusions. We end with a call for more empirical research on the experiences of trans immigrants and the complex inclusions and exclusions that structure U.S. immigration policy.
Pleasure, power, and pain: A review of the literature on the experiences of BDSM participants
Authors: Simula Brandy L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the explosion of social scientific and sociological research on BDSM in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the field has grown exponentially. In this review, I identify three particularly fruitful recent lines of research in sociological and related approaches to BDSM. First, I discuss work that critically analyzes the meaning(s) of BDSM for participants and the role of debates about the sexual and the erotic in relation to BDSM. Second, I discuss work on BDSM identities, including scholarship that examines BDSM identities in relation to other identities. Here, I also discuss emerging lines of scholarship that focus on the ways in which privileges (particularly race/ethnicity and class) shape identification with and access to BDSM communities. Third, I discuss work on BDSM communities, examining the ways that community organization shapes BDSM experiences. I conclude with suggestions for future research in the field including deepening and broadening intersectional analyses of BDSM experiences, exploring specialized roles and identities that exist within the broader BDSM umbrella, and investigating similarities and differences between those who participate in BDSM on a time‐limited basis versus those for whom BDSM is an ongoing, continual core aspect of identity.
Strain and stress mapping by mechanochemical activation of spiropyran in poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Celestine Asha‐Dee N. , Sottos Nancy R. , White Scott R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe relationship between fracture‐induced mechanophore activation and the strain and stress ahead of a propagating crack in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is studied. The mechanophore spiropyran is used as a secondary cross‐linker in rubber toughened PMMA, and the spiropyran‐linked material is subjected to fracture testing. Mechanophore activation is detected and analysed by fluorescence imaging. Digital image correlation is used to measure the strain field ahead of the crack tip, whereas the corresponding stress field is calculated using the Hutchinson–Rice–Rosengren singularity field equations. Mechanophore activation follows a power law dependence on distance from the crack tip and provides both a qualitative and quantitative measure of the strain and stress fields ahead of the crack.
Pharmacy educator evaluation of web‐based learning
Authors: Isaacs Alex N , Walton Alison M , Gonzalvo Jasmine D , Howard Meredith L , Nisly Sarah A 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundWeb‐based learning (WBL), instruction facilitated through the Internet, has demonstrated utility in classroom and clinical education settings; however, there is a void of literature about the use of WBL by clinical educators within pharmacy. The purpose of this research is to evaluate a WBL initiative within clinical pharmacy education.MethodsBased on the results of a pilot survey, 10 asynchronous WBL clinical modules (videos and interactive patient cases) were developed for pharmacy educators and students in clinical education affiliated with two schools of pharmacy in the midwest USA. A 21‐item, cross‐sectional, electronic survey was administered to pharmacy educators within acute and primary care to assess the use of WBL within clinical pharmacy education.ResultsOf the 115 eligible clinical educators, 69 participated in the survey (60% response rate), with the majority working within acute care; 38% of educators encouraged the use of WBL. Respondents not using WBL stated a lack of awareness (48%) or existing student time commitments (33%) as reasons. For educators encouraging WBL, 87% agreed that it enhanced student clinical knowledge, 68% stated that it decreased direct instruction time commitments and 100% stated they would encourage its use for future clinical education.ConclusionsClinical pharmacy educators reported that the WBL initiative resulted in a perceived stronger student clinical foundation, and all pharmacy educators using WBL encouraged its continued use for future clinical education. Web‐based learning provides clinical educators with a learning tool to augment clinical experiences by reinforcing student knowledge, at the same time minimising direct instruction time.
Early ovarian ageing
Authors: Maclaran Kate , Nikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: February 2019

Key content

Early ovarian ageing (EOA) affects around 10% of women.

Women with early ovarian ageing are frequently asymptomatic with normal fertility; however, continuing follicular loss will result in loss of fertility, menstrual irregularity and, finally, early menopause.

As women increasingly delay childbirth, the physical, psychological and financial impact of EOA is escalating.

Long‐term health effects include early menopause and increased cardiovascular risk.

Improvements in the success of oocyte freezing have provided a treatment option when EOA is identified early.

Learning objectives

To understand the prevalence and pathophysiology of EOA.

To appreciate the effects of EOA on fertility, miscarriage risk and long‐term health.

To be able to counsel women presenting with EOA regarding their fertility options.

Ethical issues

Should women be screened for EOA?

What is the efficacy of egg freezing for fertility preservation?
Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis
Authors: Skalák Jan , Vercruyssen Liesbeth , Claeys Hannes , Hradilová Jana , Černý Martin , Novák Ondřej , Plačková Lenka , Saiz‐Fernández Iñigo , Skaláková Patricie , Coppens Frederik , Dhondt Stijn , Koukalová Šárka , Zouhar Jan , Inzé Dirk , Brzobohatý Břetislav 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
Automatic depletion with Spectra Optia allows a safe 16% reduction of red blood cell pack consumption in exchanged sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Hequet O. , Poutrel S. , Connes P. , Revesz D. , Chelghoum Y. , Kebaili K. , Cannas G. , Gauthier A. , Guironnet‐Paquet A. , Vocanson M. , Nicolas J.F. , Renoux C. , Raba M. , Cognasse F. , Bertrand Y. , Hot A. , Joly P. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDChronic red blood cell exchanges (RBCXs) are frequently used to prevent complications in patients with sickle cell anemia, but the scarcity of matched red blood cell packs (RBCPs) is a serious concern. The main goal of this study was to compare the number of RBCPs used during RBCXs between the Spectra Optia (SO) device (with the automatic depletion step) and the former Cobe Spectra (CSP) device.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe performances and safety of 300 SO sessions using the automatic depletion step (SO/DE) in 50 patients with sickle cell anemia under a chronic transfusion program over a 1‐year period were prospectively analyzed. The numbers of RBCPs saved using this protocol compared to the SO device without depletion and to the CSP device were determined.RESULTSThe SO/DE protocol appeared to be safe, as only 5% and 17% of the sessions were characterized by a significant decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate (grade 2 adverse events), respectively. Postapheresis hematocrit and fraction of cells remaining reached expected values. The SO/DE protocol required 16% fewer RBCPs compared to SO without depletion, allowing a mean saving of 12 RBCPs per patient and per year and 13% fewer compared to CSP device. Interestingly, the saving was more important for patients with high total blood volume and/or high preapheresis hematocrit.CONCLUSIONThe SO/DE protocol is an efficient, safe and cost‐effective procedure for patients with sickle cell anemia under a chronic transfusion program.
Electric and dielectric properties of CdSO4-doped borate glasses
Authors: Ahmed E. M. 
Published: February 2019

A system of (100-x)B2O3⋅xCdSO4glasses (0 [Formula: see text]x [Formula: see text] 40) is set by the ordinary quenching method. Density ([Formula: see text]), molar volume (V[Formula: see text]) and oxygen ion density (N[Formula: see text]) are found to increase with the increase of CdSO4in the samples. The dc conductivity ([Formula: see text]) and the ac conductivity ([Formula: see text]) are measured in the temperature range from 308 to 735 K. [Formula: see text] is found to follow the thermal activation Arrhenius relation with activation energies between 0.36 and 0.76 eV. Ac conductivity and the exponent factor (s) confirm that the CBH model is the origin of the conduction. The dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]) and loss ([Formula: see text]) are studied as a function of the temperature and frequency. The dielectric data are fitted according to the Cole–Cole equations. The values of [Formula: see text] parameter are found to vary between 0.2 and 0.58 which means that these glasses exhibit a wide distribution of relaxation times.