bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection in South Korea
Authors: Chung Wankyo , Kim Kyung‐Ah , Jang Eun Sun , Ki Moran , Choi Hwa Young , Jeong Sook‐Hyang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimFor genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy (SOF + RBV) was better than pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy (PR) at a greater drug cost. This study investigated the cost‐effectiveness of SOF + RBV compared with PR for treatment‐naïve genotype 2 CHC in South Korea.MethodsUsing a decision analytic Markov model, a cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing SOF + RBV with PR or no treatment for treatment‐naïve genotype 2 CHC was performed with probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses from the payer's perspective in 2017. Three cohorts of patients aged 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years were simulated to progress through the fibrosis stages F0–F4 to end‐stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, or death. Published and calculated data on the clinical efficacy of the regimen, health‐related quality of life, costs, and transition probabilities were used.ResultsWhile the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for PR was dominant over no treatment, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios for SOF + RBV were $20 058 for the patients in their 40s, $19 662 for those in their 50s, and $22 278 for those in their 60s compared with PR. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated an 89.0% probability for the SOF + RBV to be cost‐effective at a willingness to pay of $29 754.4 (per‐capita gross domestic product in 2017) for the patients in their 40s and 94.1% and 89.1% for the patients in their 50s and 60s, respectively.ConclusionsThe SOF + RBV is a cost‐effective option for genotype 2 treatment‐naïve CHC patients, especially for the patients with liver cirrhosis in Korea.
Functional Trajectories of Persons with Cardiovascular Disease in Late Life
Authors: Keeney Tamra , Fox Annie B. , Jette Diane U. , Jette Alan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesPhysical function declines with aging and is accelerated for persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD). While CVD increases the risk of functional decline in late life, little is known about differences in trajectories of functional decline. To determine whether there is more than 1 trajectory of functional decline in Americans with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who are functionally independent.DesignSecondary analysis of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Latent class growth modeling was used to estimate trajectories of function over 4 years of follow‐up.SettingAnnual structured in‐home interviews.ParticipantsAmericans aged 65 and older with CVD who were functionally independent at baseline (N = 392).MeasurementsWe compared trajectories of function in individuals with CVD with trajectories of those without and examined the association between risk factors (sex, age at baseline, education level, comorbidity) and trajectory group membership. Function was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery.ResultsThree functional trajectories emerged: rapid functional decline (23.8%), gradual functional decline (44.2%), and stable function (32.0%). Similar trajectories were seen for those without CVD, with a smaller proportion in the rapid functional decline group (16.2%). Women, older participants, and those with less education and greater comorbidity were less likely to be in the stable function group than the rapid functional decline group.ConclusionAlthough function declines in late life for independently functioning persons with CVD, some individuals remain stable, and others decline gradually or rapidly. Persons with CVD were more likely to experience rapid functional decline than those without, suggesting that CVD increases the risk of rapid functional decline. Risk factors predicted functional trajectory group membership, not just overall decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:37–42, 2019.
The impact of post‐traumatic stress disorder on dental and gingival status of children during syrian crisis: A preliminary study
Authors: Hamid Sulaf H. , Dashash Mayssoon A. D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimMost children in war zone countries often experience post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This turns the war into a health issue of great importance. The aim was to evaluate dental and gingival status of children suffering from PTSD.MethodsA case control study, which included 60 children (30 diagnosed with PTSD and 30 healthy controls) between 9 and 14 years, was undertaken. Dental status was assessed using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) for permanent and decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) for primary. Gingival status was examined using plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices. Child PTSD reaction index (CPTSD‐RI) was used to evaluate the severity of PTSD.ResultsThere was no significant difference in DMFT and dmft indices between the PTSD children and the controls. However, PTSD children had more decay in permanent (DT) and primary teeth (dt), more primary missing teeth mt and less filled teeth in their permanent (FT) and primary (ft) dentition. Significant difference was found between PTSD children and controls regarding PI (P < 0.00001) and GI (P < 0.0001). CPTSD‐RI was positively correlated with DMFT (P = 0.002), PI (P = 0.038), and GI (P = 0.007).ConclusionPTSD children had poor dental and gingival status than matched controls and they were affected by PTSD severity.
The role of different mechanical circulatory support devices and their timing of implantation on myocardial damage and mid‐term recovery in acute myocardial infarction related cardiogenic shock
Authors: Pieri Marina , Sorrentino Tania , Oppizzi Michele , Melisurgo Giulio , Lembo Rosalba , Colombo Antonio , Zangrillo Alberto , Pappalardo Federico 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesAim of the study was to assess in‐hospital survival rate and the degree of myocardial recovery after MCS treatment (IABP or IMPELLA) at discharge and at 6 months in patients with AMI‐CS and planned early percutaneous revascularization.BackgroundAll studies on MCS for acute myocardial infarction related cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS) focused on its impact on in‐hospital mortality; however, few data about its role on myocardial recovery are available.MethodsRetrospective study on 64 patients: 36 patients (56%) received IABP and 28 (44%) Impella 2.5/CP.ResultsPatients treated with Impella were sicker compared to those treated with IABP as shown by a higher need of catecholamines (93% Impella vs 57% IABP, P = 0.002) and higher inotropic score before procedure: 8 (5‐15) versus 4.5 (0‐9), P = 0.02. In‐hospital survival and MCS‐related complications were comparable; hemolysis was more frequent in the Impella group (32% vs 0%, P < 0.0001). Myocardial damage was lower in those patients who were implanted with IMPELLA before PCI: lower troponin peak [3831 ng/dL (1441‐8436) vs 16 581 (7802‐23 675), P = 0.004] and lower CPK peak [893 UI/L (584‐4082) vs 5797 (2483‐9292) P = 0.04]. Impella patients had higher LVEF at 6 months [45 (38‐52) vs 40 (33‐45)%, P = 0.04]. LVEF increase at 6 months was statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.0001), with higher myocardial recovery in patients supported with Impella (absolute delta‐LVEF increase 20% vs 10% P = 0.005).ConclusionsCardiac unloading with IMPELLA in ACS‐CS, especially if implanted before PCI, might provide lower myocardial damage and improved myocardial recovery which translates into significantly higher LVEF at 6 months.
Health consequences of androgenic anabolic steroid use
Authors: Horwitz H. , Andersen J. T. , Dalhoff K. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe lifetime prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse is estimated to be around 6% for men, but there is limited knowledge about the side effects of these drugs.ObjectiveTo investigate mortality and morbidity amongst users of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS).MethodsIn this retrospective matched cohort study, 545 male subjects tested positive for AAS in Danish fitness centres during the period 3 January 2006 to 1 March 2018. Subjects were matched with 5450 male controls. In addition, 644 men who were sanctioned because they refused to submit to a doping test and 6440 controls were included as a replication cohort.ResultsMortality was three times higher amongst users of AAS than amongst nonuser controls (hazard ratio 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.0). The median annual number of hospital contacts was 0.81 in the cohort of AAS users and 0.36 in the control cohort (P < 0.0001). Acne, gynaecomastia and erectile dysfunction affected more than 10% of the androgenic anabolic steroid users, and the prevalence of these disorders was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.0001). The results could be replicated in a similar cohort.ConclusionAndrogenic anabolic steroid users have an increased risk of dying and significantly more hospital admissions than their nonuser peers. Side effects of AAS and their metabolites were highly prevalent. Given the high rate of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse, these side effects are of public health concern.
Leader–member exchange social comparisons and follower outcomes: The roles of felt obligation and psychological entitlement
Authors: Lee Allan , Gerbasi Alexandra , Schwarz Gary , Newman Alexander 
Published: November 2018

In the current study, we aimed to extend the understanding of how and when leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC) influences followers’ work behaviour. Based on social exchange theory, we argue that felt obligation to one's leader is a mediator of the relationship between LMXSC and follower outcomes. Further, we posit that the relationship between LMXSC and felt obligation will occur over and above overall LMX quality. We also investigate whether the effect of LMXSC is not consistent across employees but influenced by their level of psychological entitlement (PE). We found evidence that LMXSC was associated with followers’ organizational commitment in Study 1 (using data collected in two phases from 188 employees) and both organizational commitment and job performance in Study 2 (based on data collected in two phases from 300 employees and their 34 supervisors) via felt obligation towards the leader. In both studies, we found this relationship was significant while controlling for LMX quality, suggesting that perceptions of relative LMX standing are more influential than overall LMX quality. Moreover, high levels of PE reduced employees’ feelings of obligation to reciprocate positive treatment and the extent to which they exhibit higher levels of organizational commitment and job performance. Our findings show that individual differences play a significant role in determining the outcomes of exchange relationships.Practitioner points

Followers do not evaluate their Leader–member exchange (LMX) relationship in isolation from their co‐workers, and social comparisons in this context have powerful effects on followers. If leaders want to motivate their followers, treating each follower in the same way and avoiding differentiation may be ineffective. Followers appear to be more willing to reciprocate when they perceive a better LMX relationship with the leader than their co‐workers’ LMX relationship with the leader.

Managers should be cognizant that followers with varying levels of psychological entitlement may respond differently to LMX relationships. As such, managers could decide to invest more heavily in building strong relationships with followers low in psychological entitlement, as these followers are likely to respond more positively to favourable treatment by the leader.

Managers should be aware that the norm of reciprocity might not apply to the same extent when employees are high in psychological entitlement; and thus, other influence tactics may be required to get the most out of these employees.

Managers should set clear guidelines and expectations on followers early in the employment relationship. When entitled employees are made fully aware of the relationship expectations, they may be more prepared to meet them.
A rodent cage change insomnia model disrupts memory consolidation
Authors: McKenna James T. , Gamble Mackenzie C. , Anderson‐Chernishof Marissa B. , Shah Sunny R. , McCoy John G. , Strecker Robert E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Insomnia involves disruption of sleep initiation, maintenance and/or overall quality, and may interfere with cognition. Here, we evaluated memory impairment produced by rodent mild (acute) insomnia models. Insomnia models consisted of either single or repeated exposure to cages previously occupied (dirtied) by an unfamiliar rat for 5–7 days. Rats were trained in the Morris water maze to remember the platform location (acquisition), and were then exposed to: (a) 6 hr of undisturbed baseline; (b) dirty cage change‐induced insomnia (animal placed into a cage dirtied by another rat for 6 hr); or (c) double‐dirty cage change‐induced insomnia (animal placed into a cage dirtied by another rat for 3 hr, and then another dirty cage 3 hr later). The animal's memory for the platform location was then evaluated in a probe trial. Double‐dirty cage change‐induced insomnia significantly disrupted sleep, although the effects of dirty cage change‐induced insomnia were overall not significant. In the fourth hour of double‐dirty cage change‐induced insomnia (following the second cage change), sleep episode number and duration alterations indicated sleep fragmentation. Furthermore, power spectral analysis revealed diminished wake and, to a lesser extent, rapid eye movement theta power (indicated by trend difference) in the last 3 hr of exposure. Significant deficits were noted for measures of water maze performance following double‐dirty cage change‐induced insomnia, indicating impaired memory. In summary, one variant of the rodent insomnia model, double‐dirty cage change‐induced insomnia, disrupted sleep and attenuated memory consolidation, indicating this paradigm may be useful to evaluate the effects of hypnotics on memory consolidation.
Allele frequency‐free inference of close familial relationships from genotypes or low‐depth sequencing data
Authors: Waples Ryan K. , Albrechtsen Anders , Moltke Ida 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKnowledge of how individuals are related is important in many areas of research, and numerous methods for inferring pairwise relatedness from genetic data have been developed. However, the majority of these methods were not developed for situations where data are limited. Specifically, most methods rely on the availability of population allele frequencies, the relative genomic position of variants and accurate genotype data. But in studies of non‐model organisms or ancient samples, such data are not always available. Motivated by this, we present a new method for pairwise relatedness inference, which requires neither allele frequency information nor information on genomic position. Furthermore, it can be applied not only to accurate genotype data but also to low‐depth sequencing data from which genotypes cannot be accurately called. We evaluate it using data from a range of human populations and show that it can be used to infer close familial relationships with a similar accuracy as a widely used method that relies on population allele frequencies. Additionally, we show that our method is robust to SNP ascertainment and applicable to low‐depth sequencing data generated using different strategies, including resequencing and RADseq, which is important for application to a diverse range of populations and species.
Multi‐professional simulation and risk perception of health care workers caring for Ebola‐infected patients
Authors: Carvalho Eva , Castro Pedro , León Esther , Del Río Ana , Crespo Félix , Trigo Laura , Fernández Sara , Trilla Antoni , Varela Pilar , Nicolás Jose Maria 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionTreatment of infections that require high‐level isolation can cause anxiety and fear among health care workers. Adequate and complete multi‐professional simulation‐based training could reduce those feelings and improve patient care.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of multi‐professional simulation‐based training on the risk perception and preparedness of health care workers (registered nurses, doctors and ancillary staff) who care for patients assessed to be at risk or confirmed to have Ebola, level 3–4 biohazard.MethodsA prospective before–after study was designed. Health care workers who participated in a multi‐professional simulation training course to improve the care of patients potentially infected with Level 3 and 4 biohazards were evaluated about their risk perception. The training was based on clinical scenarios. The evaluation was conducted using questionnaire based on Likert scale. After the training, a satisfaction survey about the most important aspects of the course was also conducted.ResultsFifty‐eight health care workers participated in the training course, 22 of whom were registered nurses. Participants presented positive changes after the training, increasing their sense of security, predisposition and confidence (p < 0.000001 for all).ConclusionMulti‐professional simulation‐based training significantly improves the perception of safety and preparedness of health care workers regarding the care of patients potentially infected with Ebola virus and other Level 3–4 biohazards.Relevance to clinical practiceThe implementation of educational training strategies – such as simulations – is beneficial in improving the capacity of response and coping, as well as in reducing feelings of fear and insecurity.
How different helmet fixing options could affect patients' pain experience during helmet‐continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Lucchini Alberto , Elli Stefano , Bambi Stefano , De Felippis Christian , Vimercati Simona , Minotti Dario , Pasquali Sara , Cannizzo Luigi , Fumagalli Roberto , Foti Giuseppe 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundProlonged application time of helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) leads to better outcomes, but its timing can be influenced by the patient's tolerance.Aims and objectivesTo investigate patients' pain and tolerance experience related to different options of helmet fixing system: ‘armpits strap’ versus ‘counterweights system’.DesignThis was a non–randomized crossover study performed in a 10‐bed intensive care unit and referral extra corporeal membrane oxigenation (ECMO) centre of an Italian university hospital.ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled. For helmet‐CPAP cycles performed with the armpit straps option, the mean pain numerical rate on a 0–10 scale was: 0·5 ± 1·4 at T0 (baseline), 1·5 ± 2·0 at T1 (after 1 h) and 2·6 ± 2·5 at T2 (end of cycle) (p = 0·023). The same analysis was performed for the counterweights fixing option. The mean score was 0·3 ± 0·6 at T0, 0·3 ± 0·2 at T1 and 0·5 ± 0·7 at T2 (p = 0·069). The mean duration for CPAP cycles performed with armpits strap and counterweights system was 3·0 ± 1·0 and 3·9 ± 2·3 h, respectively (p < 0·001). The mean section of the Basilic vein that was investigated before wearing the helmet was equal to 0·23 ± 0·20 cm2. After 1 h of therapy with the counterweight option and armpit straps, the mean increase of the vein's section was 0·27 ± 0·21(p = 0·099) and 0·30 ± 0·25, respectively (p = 0·080).ConclusionsThe fixing system options in use to anchor the helmet during CPAP could worsen the pain experience level and cause device‐related pressure ulcers. When compared with the armpit straps option, the counterweights system appears to be a suitable approach to minimize the risks of pressure sores and pain during the treatment.Relevance to practiceThe helmet CPAP is a reliable therapy to manage acute respiratory failure. Major improvements regarding pulmonary alveolar recruitment and oxygen levels are strictly related to a prolonged time of helmet CPAP cycles. Using a counterweight fixing system, where the armpits straps are not necessary, could be helpful in reducing patients' pain experience.
Cultivar‐specific plant odour preferences of a generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani and a possible mechanism for maternal priming of resistance to toxic plant chemistry
Authors: van Emden Helmut F. , Vamvatsikos Panagiotis , Hardie Jim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAphidius colemani Viereck, emerging from Myzus persicae (Sulzer) mummies on the Brussels sprout cultivar ‘Bedford Winter Harvest’ (BWH), responds positively in the olfactometer to the odour of that cultivar in comparison with air. Responses to the odours of other sprout cultivars, cabbage and broad bean could be explained by the humidity from plant leaves. In a choice between BWH and other sprout cultivars, the BWH odour is preferred, or that of cv. ‘Red Delicious’ (RD) if the parasitoids are reared on RD. This confirms previous work showing that the secondary chemistry of a cultivar is learnt from the mummy cuticle during emergence. Adults emerging from pupae excised from the mummy show a similar but less pronounced preference. Parasitoids developing in aphids on an artificial diet do not discriminate between the odours of BWH and RD, unless allowed contact with a mummy from the same cultivar that the mother develops on. This suggests a cultivar‐specific maternal cue. This cue is speculated to consist of a small amount of the secondary chemistry (probably glucosinolates in the present study) that are left in or on the egg at oviposition, which subsequently induces enzymes that detoxify plant‐derived toxins in the aphid host. Indeed, when parasitoids emerging from diet‐reared aphids are released on aphid‐infested sprout plants, fewer mummies are produced than by parasitoids emerging from mummies of plant‐reared aphids or from excised pupae. Only parasitoids that emerge from mummies of plant‐reared aphids prefer the cultivar of origin as shown by the number of mummified hosts.
An additive–multiplicative mean model for panel count data with dependent observation and dropout processes
Authors: Yu Guanglei , Li Yang , Zhu Liang , Zhao Hui , Sun Jianguo , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses regression analysis of panel count data with dependent observation and dropout processes. For the problem, a general mean model is presented that can allow both additive and multiplicative effects of covariates on the underlying point process. In addition, the proportional rates model and the accelerated failure time model are employed to describe possible covariate effects on the observation process and the dropout or follow‐up process, respectively. For estimation of regression parameters, some estimating equation‐based procedures are developed and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. In addition, a resampling approach is proposed for estimating a covariance matrix of the proposed estimator and a model checking procedure is also provided. Results from an extensive simulation study indicate that the proposed methodology works well for practical situations, and it is applied to a motivating set of real data.