bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medico-legal Issues and Socio-demographic Profile of Suicidal Deaths in People of Dhaka City-A Study of 827 Cases
Authors: Al Azad Md Abdus Samad , Rahman Md Saidur , Ahmad Mushtaq , Tabassum Taniza , Rahman Zubaidur 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: There are two manners of death: Naturalwhere death is entirely caused by disease or ageing process, where poison or trauma does not take part to cause it and Unnatural- where death is sudden, suspicious, unexpected, litigious, unexplained and unattended either due to poison or trauma. Accident, homicide and suicide are the three unnatural manners of death. Death due to intentional injuries such as homicide or suicide and unintentional injuries of accidental manner, such as in transportation injury or industrial or machinery mishaps constitute unnatural deaths. Suicidal deaths are the acts or an instance of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally especially by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind.
Objective: To ascertain the medico-legal issues and sociodemographic profile of suicidal death cases occuerd in Dhaka City.
Materials and Methods: A record based cross sectional study of postmortems was performed at the mortuary of the Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College (DMC) from August 2009 to July 2010. A total of 3,337 cases brought to DMC mortuary from the south-eastern part of Dhaka district during this period were included in this study and thereafter 827 suicidal deaths were considered for this study.
Results: A total of 3,337 unnatural deaths (accidents, suicide and homicide) were reported at the mortuary of the Forensic Medicine Department of Dhaka Medical College (DMC) during the period of August 2009 to July 2010. This study revealed that 827(24.78%) individual committed suicide out of 3337 cases. There was a predominance of Muslims 779(94.19%), males 481(58.16%) over females 346(41.84%) in committing suicide. Majority of the victims belonged to the age group of 21-30 years in both sexes. Out of these suicidal cases, 318(38.45%) victims committed suicide by hanging. The other methods used for suicide were Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPC) by 238(28.79%) victims, poisoning from other substances like Opiates, Ethanol, Methanol, Rodenticide, Barbiturate etc by 267 (32.28%); 3(0.36%) cases were identified as burn and 1 (0.12%) by firearm.
Conclusion: Suicide is the second most common manner of unnatural death flanked by accident and homicide. Suicide is one of the most multifaceted and media-sensitive phenomena. Suicide by hanging is an increasingly common method. All stakeholders such as government along with private agencies, non-government organizations, public health departments, social workers, community, religious leaders and media can take a leading step to prevent suicide
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 33-36
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Its Association with the Histological Pattern in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Jalil Farhana , Hanif Mohammed , Uddin Golam Muin , Afroz Shireen 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common glomerular disorder of childhood. Clinical outcome of children with nephrotic syndrome depends on underlying histopathlogy and responsiveness to steroid treatment. Minimal change disease (MCD) has a favorable long-term prognosis whereas, other than minimal change nephrotic syndrome is often resistant to steroid and is more likely to progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) which is a small protein belonging to the lipocalin superfamily has been demonstrated to be a powerful risk marker of chronic kidney disease progression. This study was undertaken to determine whether urinary NGAL could be used as a biomarker in differentiating minimal change disease from other glomerular histologic lesions in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children.
Objectives: To evaluate the association between urinary NGAL and histological pattern in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from June 2014 to May 2015. Fifty-one children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome comprising 12 children with minimal change disease (MCD) and 39 with other than minimal change nephrotic syndrome were included. Urinary NGAL was measured using a commercially available HUMAN NGAL/ LIPOCALIN 2 ELISA kit which employed the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Median urinary NGAL level were compared between MCD and other than MCD. Median urinary NGAL and urinary creatinine ratio also compared between two groups. The prognostic accuracy of urinary NGAL was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results: Median urinary NGAL (uNGAL) level of MCD group was 44.5 [IQR: 32-109.5] (ng/ml) and that of the other than MCD group was 130 [IQR:85-172] (ng/ml). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). Median urine NGAL and urine creatinine ratio was significant between two groups (MCD=105.5 ng/mg and other than MCD=288 ng/mg, p-value was<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for the uNGAL as a biomarker to differentiate MCD from other than MCD was 0.78 [95% CI: 0.64-0.92] (p=0.004) and showed an optimized sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.75 with an optimal trade-off value of 72 ng/ml.
Conclusion: Urinary NGAL was found to be a reliable biomarker to differentiate the histological pattern in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 51-55
Pattern of Children Presenting with Inguinal Hernia and Hydrocele- Experience in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Parveen Zinia , Khan Shams ud Din Elias , Sultana Sharmeen , Mithun Sangita , Nahar Mst Nasrin , Nessa Meherun 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Inguinal hernias and hydroceles are among the common surgical problems in children. Both the hernia and hydrocele share a similar aetiology. Inguinal hernia in a child is usually an indirect inguinal hernia due to patent processus vaginalis. Likewise a fluid filled sac typically found in the scrotum may result from patent processus vaginalis or due to an imbalance between the secretion and absorption within the tunica vaginalis. Very little study was done in Bangladesh on inguinal hernia and hydrocele though these are very common in children.
Objective: To observe the pattern of inguinal hernia and hydrocele amongst the children reported to a tertiary level hospital.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2014 to December 2017. During the study period, a total of 258 children with inguinal hernia and hydrocele admitted in this hospital for operative treatment were included in this study.
Results: During the study period 258 children with inguinal hernia and hydrocele were operated. Among them 246 (95.35%) had inguinal hernia and 12(4.65%) had hydrocele. Out of the children with inguinal hernia 206 (83.74%) were male and 40(16.26%) were female with male female ratio of 5.15:1. All had indirect inguinal hernia. Right side was involved in 140(56.91%) children. Out of 246 children with inguinal hernia, 161(65.44%) reported between 6 months to 5 years. Thirteen (5.28%) presented before 6 months and 72 (29.27%) presented after 5 years of age. All children were operated by traditional open method as admitted case. Among 12 children with hydrocele 10(83.33%) had right sided hydrocele and 2(16.67%) had hydrocele on the left side.
Conclusion: Inguinal hernia and hydrocele occur most frequently in premature neonates. Inguinal hernia does not resolve spontaneously and there is high risk of incarceration requiring operative treatment as early as possible.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 46-50
Socio-demographic Characteristics and Related Factors Affecting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bhuiyan Mahbubur Rahman , Islam Md Ziaul , Rafi Ahmed , Kawsar Abdullah Al , Akhtar Khursheda 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, communicative difficulties and repetitive behaviors, with evidence of cognitive dysfunction. Approximately 1% of the world’s population or 67 million are affected by autism. ASD is an emerging public health issue globally which is associated with a huge burden on the family, community and the nation.
Objective: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics and related factors affecting children with ASD to help the government and relevant organizations to take necessary steps to reduce burden of the families.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2015 to June 2016 among 154 children with ASD. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire following systematic random sampling technique.
Results: Majority (73.4%) of the children were male and mean (±SD) age was 6.66±2.97 years. Most (88.8%) of the children were from urban areas with average monthly family income Tk. 41785.71±23936.45. Majority of the fathers (45.5%) and mothers (31.8%) had 'masters level'of education. Maximum (68.2%) children were from nuclear family and a few (9.1%) parents had a history of consanguineous marriage. Most (96.8%) of the children were initially treated by specialist doctors whereas, the majority (74.0%) were diagnosed in government hospitals. Most (89.6%) of the children were treated withspeech therapy.
Conclusion: Since ASD is a growing public health problem in Bangladesh, countrywide proper early diagnostic facilities, especially in peri-urban and rural areas, should be available to measure its actual burden in the country.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 56-61
Efficacy of Narrow-Band Ultra Violet B versus Narrow-Band Ultra Violet B with Topical Tacrolimus Ointment (0.1%) in the Treatment of Vitiligo
Authors: Jamal Jweena Bintey , Bhuiyan Muhammed Ashraful Alam , Khan Md Abdul Latif 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Several treatment options e.g. topical corticosteroids, phototherapy like narrow-band ultra violet B (NB-UVB) and psoralen+ultra violet A (PUVA) etc are available for vitiligo. But none is so effective in single but combined one is more effective and superior.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of NB-UVB vs NB-UVB with topical Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) in the treatment of Vitiligo.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from October 2015 to April 2016. Total 100 patients with vitiligo were divided into 2 groups of 50 patients. NB-UVB was given for 04 weeks to Group-A. In Group-B patients, topical Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) twice daily was advised with simultaneous NB-UVB. The patients were followed-up at the baseline of the 4th, 8th and 16th week.
Results: Majority (46%) of the patients were from 25-34 years of age with a mean age of 27.4±12.6 years. Among all risk factors, Family history of Vitiligo was the most common risk factor and common skin type (Fitzpatrick) was Type IV (40%). At the end of 4th week, maximum cases of Group-B showed good response (score 3) with a mean score of 1.74. Whereas, maximum cases of Group-A showed poor response (score 1) with a mean score of 0.86. End of the 16th week, maximum cases of Group-B improved successfully. In the end, 20% patients of Group-A showed an excellent result; but it was 42% from Group-B.
Conclusion: It is revealed from this study that patients treated with a combination of NB-UVB with topical Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) showed better treatment outcome, more effective and becomes a new mode of treatment.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 86-89
Quality of Life among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Admitted in a Selected Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Hossain Molla Muntasir , Wahab Md Abdul , Al Azad Md Abdus Samad , Tumpa Rubaiya Reza 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are the two main contributors of global morbidly and mortality. Coronary Heart Disease deaths in Bangladesh reached 1,63,769 or 17.11% of total deaths and reaches 25th in world. Importantly quality of life among them can modify the coronary heart disease. The opportunity for improved quality of life should be a factor in the health care provider's decision to recommend the treatment procedure.
Objective: To ascertain the physical and mental health component of Quality of Life with sociodemographic characteristics and health-related morbidity status among admitted coronary heart disease patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 among coronary heart disease patients admitted in Cardiology department of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. The data were collected purposively by using Medical Outcomes short form SF-36 invented by RAND corporation, UK for measuring health-related quality of life among Bangladeshi patients where data were expressed as a score on a 0-100 scale. Data analysis was done by using software SPSS version 19.
Results: A total of 105 cases were selected purposively amongst which majority were in the age group of 50-60 years with mean age of 55.27 years. Among the respondents 97.1% were males and 98.1% were Muslims. Majority (41%) of them were retired personnel. The mean monthly income was Tk. 16,393.56. Regarding education level 73% of the study population were SSC pass and below. Among the study group, 27(25.7%) patient had undergone coronary artery bypass graft operation. The study group possessed a total quality of life obtaining 63.4% score in their interviews as per SF-36. Among the whole study group, mental components score (63.61%) was found slightly higher than physical components score (63.2%). CABG operated patients mental component score (69.43%) was found relatively higher than Non CABG patients mental component score (60.01%). Patients having better monthly income as well as better educational level possess better mental component and total quality of life than others.
Conclusion: It is of paramount importance to maintain the quality of life among coronary heart disease patients. Mental assurance and surgical intervention can improve quality of life among coronary heart disease patients.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 90-94
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Menisci and Cruciate Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee with Arthroscopic Correlation
Authors: Sarker Mohammed Mominul Hoque , Alam Md Taharul , Alam Syed Zoherul , Alam Mohammad Shafiqul , Rahman AKM Sharifur , Rahman Farzana 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Now a days Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become the primary investigation for the assessment of knee injuries. Non-invasive MRI has the ability of high resolution and accuracy to diagnose the knee injuries and it can be the alternative to diagnostic arthroscopy.
Objective: To validate MRI evaluation in the assessment of cruciate ligamentous and meniscal injuries of the knee joint and compare with arthroscopic findings.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from 01 January 2013 to 30 June 2013 where sixty patients who had the history of twisting injuries to the knee were selected in this study. Along with injury history they were strongly suspected to have meniscal and/or cruciate ligamentous tears. Then they were examined by open MRI machine 0.4 tesla, Hitachi, made in Japan. A Quadrature (QD) extremity coil was used in this study. Spin echo T1, fast spin echo T2 and Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequences were taken in direct coronal, sagittal and axial planes with 4mm slice thickness. Data were recorded and statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 60 patients underwent MRI and Arthroscopic examination. The final diagnosis was established by direct findings at Arthroscopic examination. The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the diagnosis of cruciate ligamentous and meniscal injuries as compared to arthroscopy were Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): 96.88% sensitivity, 96.43% specificity, 96.66% accuracy, 96.87% Positive predictive value (PPV) and 96.42% Negative predictive value (NPV); Medial Meniscus (MM): 96.43% sensitivity, 98.87% specificity,96.66% accuracy, 96.42% PPV and 98.88% NPV; for Lateral Meniscus (LM): 80.00% sensitivity, 97.77% specificity, 93.33% accuracy, 92.30% PPV and 93.62% NPV.
Conclusion: As a non-invasive diagnostic modality Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very useful and having high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament injuries. To prevent unwanted arthroscopies MRI should be done in every patient of suspected cruciate ligamentous and meniscal injury before doing arthroscopy.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 95-98
Effect of Arsenic on Breastfed Baby of Arsenic Affected Lactating Mother
Authors: Hasnat Ferdousi , Khatun Selina , Noman Farhana , Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim , Nahar Nusrat , Ghosal Sharmistha 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In the endemic areas of chronic arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh (Cumilla, Noakhali, Laksham, Matlab) drinking water is heavily contaminated with arsenic. An estimated of about 70 million people are at risk from drinking water contaminated with arsenic. There are numerous data on effects of arsenic in adults but a few reports are available on the adverse effect of arsenic on infants and arsenic concentration in human milk, as human milk is the primary source of nutrition during first 6 months of life. Arsenic level found in the urine of infants reflects the intake of arsenic through breast milk.
Objective: To find out the effect of arsenic among the breastfed babies of arsenic affected mothers.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the arsenic exposed area of Bangladesh from January 2007 to July 2008. Thirty exclusively breastfed babies of arsenic affected mothers were enrolled as cases and 30 exclusively breastfed babies from non affected mothers were taken as control. Urinary arsenic concentration was considered for measurement of arsenic status. Mothers with their babies were thoroughly examined for length, weight, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) and gross motor skills.
Results: Arsenic affected mothers excreted high concentration of arsenic (334.68μgm/L±108.02) in their urine than control group (19.17μgm/L±7.92) but the urinary arsenic concentrations from both groups of breast fed babies were found to be low. Growth and development parameters like length, weight, OFC and gross motor skills were also found to be normal in both groups of babies.
Conclusion: Exclusive breast feeding should be practiced in arsenic affected area to protect the babies from exposure to arsenic from water sources.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 99-102
Correlation of HPV-DNA Test with Cytology and Histology for the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Shamina , Uddin Md Nizam , Akter Nasima , Tabashum Tarana , Sadakin Maznun Us , Jahan Shahanaz , Khan Kamrul Hasan 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. High-Risk Human Papilloma virus (hr-HPV) is an established cause of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion. Studies have shown the relationship between the HPV-DNA test with cervical precancerous and cancerous lesion in diagnosing cervical cancer. This study aimed to correlate HPV-DNA test with both cytology and histology.
Objective: To find out the correlation of HPV-DNA test with cytology and histology for the diagnosis of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesion.
Materials and Methods: Cervical smears and DNA samples were collected from the selected patients attending the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2011 to April 2013. Biopsy was done on colposcopically positive cases and histopathology reports were obtained. Thus 99 histologically proven patients of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion were selected. Pap smear was carried out on these 99 patients. HPV-DNA test (Hybrid Capture-2 assay) was carried out on the same samples and viral loads were estimated.
Results: Among the 99 cases, 28(28.28%) cases were positive with Hybrid Capture-2(HC-2) assay. Out of 60 cases of CIN-I (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia-1), 7(11.7%) cases were positive with HC-2. Among others, 3(15.0%) cases of CIN-II were positive with HC-2. The viral load was very high in invasive SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) cases in contrast to other categories of histological and cytological diagnosis. A significant relationship was observed between HC-2 and histological diagnosis (P<0.005); and between HC-2 and Pap smear (P<0.005).
Conclusion: Introduction of HC-2 where possible along with Pap smear would be highly effective in primary screening and subsequent follow up of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesion.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 103-105
Acquaintance on HIV/AIDS among the Higher Secondary Level Students of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus Mehnaz , Rahman Md Fashiur 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a transmissible retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) in human, HIV infection gradually affects the immune system of human body and consecutively damages the cell. The result of HIV infection is relentless destruction of the immune system leading to the onset of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As young adults are one of the vulnerable groups for infection of HIV and studies regarding the awareness on HIV/AIDS among the young adults out of Dhaka are very few in numbers so this study was conducted outside of the capital among the higher secondary level students.
Objective: To assess the level of awareness on HIV/AIDS among the higher secondary level students of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out to observe the awareness of HIV/AIDS among the higher secondary level students of randomly selected urban and rural areas of Manikgonj District, Bangladesh. The total number of respondents was 246 and ages ranged from 16 to 25 years.
Results: A total of 246 respondents were interviewed and among them the majority of students were male and awareness was high among the male respondents. Majority of the respondents (98%) heard about HIV/ AIDS. It also revealed 88.62% participants believed that it is a preventable disease and 78.50% of the respondents had knowledge about the unavailability of the vaccine. About the transmission, 93.90% respondents opined that it was due to infected blood transfusion; followed by 92.82% believed due to unprotected sex and 67.1% stated contaminated instruments cause transmission of HIV. In case of prevention of the disease, 88.21% believed health education as one of the preventive methods followed by using condom 86.59%, safe blood transfusion 80.49% and avoiding contaminated instrument 74.80%.
Conclusion: The level of awareness among the higher secondary level students in study area Manikgonj, Bangladesh was satisfactory. To maintain this adequate focus should be given on the need for the further information, education and communication programs to identify the barriers and to seek the ways to enlighten the population about HIV/AIDS knowledge.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 111-116