bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friedel-Crafts Reaction of N,N-Dimethylaniline with Alkenes Catalyzed by Cyclic Diaminocarbene-Gold(I) Complex
Authors: Wu Hangzhi , Zhao Tianxiang , Hu Xingbang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn general, Friedel-Crafts reaction is incompatible with amines due to the Lewis acidity of the catalysts. Recently, we reported that cyclic diaminocarbene-Gold(I) can be used as catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation between aromatic amines and alkenes. Herein, a systematically theoretical research was performed on this rare Friedel-Crafts reaction. The adopted calculation method is accurate enough to reproduce the crystal structure of the catalyst. It was found that the reactions followed the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. The gold cation can activate the C=C double bond and generate the electrophilic group which can be attacked by the aromatic ring. The para-product is more energy favorable which agrees well with the experimental results. The reaction of α-methylstyrene follows the Markovnikov rule, and the activation energy to generate the branched product of methylstyrene is lower than that producing the linear product. However, the reaction of butanone follows the anti-Markovnikov rule, and the activation energy to generate the branched product of butanone is higher than that producing the linear product. These calculation results reveal the mechanism of this new Friedel-Crafts reaction. It can well explain the high para-selectivity and the substrate-dependent of the product structures in the experiment.
Explaining cancer type specific mutations with transcriptomic and epigenomic features in normal tissues
Authors: Tiong Khong-Loon , Yeang Chen-Hsiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMost cancer driver genes are involved in generic cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell proliferation and cell adhesion, yet their mutations are often confined to specific cancer types. To resolve this paradox, we explained mutation frequencies of selected genes across tumor types with four features in the corresponding normal tissues from cancer-free subjects: mRNA expression and chromatin accessibility of mutated genes, mRNA expressions of their neighbors in curated pathways and the protein-protein interaction network. Encouragingly, these transcriptomic/epigenomic features in normal tissues were closely associated with mutational/functional characteristics in tumors. First, chromatin accessibility was a necessary but not sufficient condition for frequent mutations. Second, variations of mutation frequencies in selected genes across tissue types were significantly associated with all four features. Third, the genes possessing significant associations between mutation frequency variations and pathway gene expression were enriched with documented cancer genes. We further proposed a novel bivariate gene set enrichment analysis and confirmed that the pathway gene expression was the dominant factor in cancer gene enrichment. These findings shed lights on the functional roles of genes in normal tissues in shaping the mutational landscape during tumor genome evolution.
Age-related dataset on the mechanical properties and collagen fibril structure of tendons from a murine model
Authors: Goh Kheng Lim , Holmes David F. , Lu Yin Hui , Kadler Karl E. , Purslow Peter P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConnective tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin are biological fibre composites comprising collagen fibrils reinforcing the weak proteoglycan-rich ground substance in extracellular matrix (ECM). One of the hallmarks of ageing of connective tissues is the progressive and irreversible change in the tissue mechanical properties; this is often attributed to the underlying changes to the collagen fibril structure. This dataset represents a comprehensive screen of the mechanical properties and collagen fibril structure of tendon from the tails of young to old (i.e. 1.6–35.3 month-old) C57BL6/B mice. The mechanical portion consists of the load-displacement data, as well as the derived tensile properties; the structure data consists of transmission electron micrographs of collagen fibril cross section, as well as the derived cross-sectional parameters. This dataset will allow other researchers to develop and demonstrate the utility of innovative multiscale models and approaches of the extra-cellular and physiological events of ageing of current interest to ageing research, by reducing the current reliance on conducting new mammalian experiments.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Horellou C. , Intema H. T. , Smolčić V. , Nilsson A. , Karlsson F. , Krook C. , Tolliner L. , Adami C. , Benoist C. , Birkinshaw M. , Caretta C. , Chiappetti L. , Delhaize J. , Ferrari C. , Fotopoulou S. , Guglielmo V. , Kolokythas K. , Pacaud F. , Pierre M. , Poggianti B. M. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Raychaudhury S. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Vignali C. 
Published: July 2018

Aims. We show how the XXL multiwavelength survey can be used to shed light on radio galaxies and their environment.
Methods. Two prominent radio galaxies were identified in a visual examination of the mosaic of XXL-North obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 610 MHz. Counterparts were searched for in other bands. Spectroscopic redshifts from the GAMA database were used to identify clusters and/or groups of galaxies, estimate their masses with the caustic method, and quantify anisotropies in the surrounding galaxy distribution via a Fourier analysis.
Results. Both radio galaxies are of FR I type and are hosted by early-type galaxies at a redshift of 0.138. The first radio source, named the Exemplar, has a physical extent of ~400 kpc; it is located in the cluster XLSSC 112, which has a temperature of ~2 keV, a total mass of ~1014 M⊙, and resides in an XXL supercluster with eight known members. The second source, named the Double Irony, is a giant radio galaxy with a total length of about 1.1 Mpc. Its core coincides with a cataloged point-like X-ray source, but no extended X-ray emission from a surrounding galaxy cluster was detected. However, from the optical data we determined that the host is the brightest galaxy in a group that is younger, less virialized, and less massive than the Exemplar’s cluster. A friends-of-friends analysis showed that the Double Irony’s group is a member of the same supercluster as the Exemplar. There are indications that the jets and plumes of the Double Irony have been deflected by gas associated with the surrounding galaxy distribution. Another overdensity of galaxies (the tenth) containing a radio galaxy was found to be associated with the supercluster.
Conclusions. Radio Galaxies can be used to find galaxy clusters/groups that are below the current sensitivity of X-ray surveys.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in blood donors in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Taiwu , Han Yifang , Pan Zuanqin , Wang Hengzhong , Yuan Meng , Lin Hong 
Published: July 2018

Toxoplasma gondii transmitted from blood donors to receiving patients has become a concern as numerous articles about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in blood donors from different provinces have been published in China. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in Chinese blood donors using a meta-analysis. A total of 40 eligible studies, published from 1986 to 2017 and covering 18 provinces and municipalities were included. Among a total of 49,784 Chinese blood donors, the overall IgG seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 6.26% (95% CI: 4.62%–8.13%). The highest prevalence was in the Northeast of China and the lowest in Central China. The infection rate increased slowly over the years, but not significantly. A statistically significant correlation was found between the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and the detection method and educational level (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between age, gender, occupation and blood type and seroprevalence of T. gondii (p > 0.05). The prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in Chinese blood donors was lower than in other countries, but the risk of transfusion-transmitted toxoplasmosis still exits. More concise methods are still needed to evaluate the possibility of transfusion-transmitted toxoplasmosis from blood donors.
Es lebe der Augenblick
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungErfahren Sie, welche positiven Effekte die angewandte Achtsamkeit sowohl bei Patienten als auch bei psychiatrisch Pflegenden bewirkt. Unsere Autorin stellt ausgewählte Methoden der Achtsamkeit vor und zeigt, wie Ihre Patienten und Sie trotz Hektik auf Station gelassen bleiben, das innere Gleichgewicht halten und die Aufmerksamkeit auf den Augenblick lenken.
Nicht anders, sondern einzigartig
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Angst, zurückgewiesen oder ausgegrenzt zu werden, ist für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen oft eine enorme Belastung. Im Schwerpunkt ergründen wir die
Ursachen für Stigmatisierung, zeigen Folgen auf und stellen Interventionen zur Entstigmatisierung vor.
Historia y actualidad de las diferencias entre la posición prono y supino en nefrolitotomia percutánea
Authors: Rivillas-Miranda Néstor , Yepes Catalina , Valencia Jenny , Cabrales Hessen Manuel 
Published: July 2018

ResumenLa posición de decúbito prono se ha considerado la principal para el acceso percutáneo al riñón durante los últimos 25 años; mientras que la posición supina de Valdivia ha comenzado recientemente a ganar aceptación, aunque fue descrita originalmente en la década de 1980. Incluso, más recientemente, la posición supina Valdivia Galdakao - modificada fue descrita. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre cuál es la mejor posición para la nefrolitotomía percutánea y la elección se basa actualmente en la preferencia del cirujano. Este artículo tiene por objetivo revisar la evidencia sobre ambas técnicas quirúrgicas y dar elementos al lector para tomar decisiones. No hay diferencias en la tasa de éxito, entendida como tasa libre de cálculo entre las posiciones prono y supino. En prono hay mayor riesgo de sangrado y necesidad de transfusiones, así como mayor tiempo quirúrgico. La posición supina se ha descrito como más segura en pacientes con obesidad, enfermedades pulmonares restrictivas y alteraciones anatómicas óseas y de la vía urinaria.
The Use of a Commercial ELISA for Assay of Thrombin-Antithrombin Complexes in Purified Systems
Authors: Elgue G , Pasche B , Blombäck M , Olsson p 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III (AT) results in the formation of stable thrombin-AT complexes (TAT). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following the sandwich principle is available for the determination of TAT complexes in human plasma, however, this ELISA method could not be used in purified systems containing thrombin and AT. It has therefore been modified for use in purified systems and an excellent correlation was found between the disappearance of thrombin and AT and the recovery of TAT complexes. Addition of thrombin inhibitor hirudin and heparin inhibitor polybrene into the reacting thrombin-AT mixture did not interfere with the assay of TAT. It was found that the use of siliconised tubes was necessary for the conservation of the TAT complexes.
Efectos del reimplante vesicoureteral en pacientes con trasplante renal y con reflujo vesicoureteral del injerto en la clínica universitaria Colombia, 2014-2016
Authors: González Nataly , Ibáñez Diego , Lizcano Herrera Ana , Bedoya Milena 
Published: July 2018

Introducción y Objetivos El reflujo vesicoureteral posterior al trasplante renal es una complicación poco frecuente. Esa patología favorece las infecciones urinarias y el deterioro de la función renal, dependiendo de las características y del grado de reflujo, se puede realizar el tratamiento. Sin embargo, el manejo definitivo consiste en la reintervención quirúrgica ya sea por vía endoscópica o abierta. No se tiene conocimiento sobre las características clínicas, así como la función renal y la prevalencia de infecciones urinarias en esa población. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue describir las principales características clínicas relacionadas con la función renal pre y post reimplante ureteral y la prevalencia de infecciones urinarias y hospitalizaciones en pacientes trasplantados renales con reflujo vesicoureteral.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de serie de expuestos, realizado en pacientes trasplantados renales con reflujo vesicoureteral sometidos a ureteroneocistotomía. Las principales variables de estudio fueron función renal, número de infecciones urinarias y necesidad de hospitalización, previo al reimplante ureteral y a los tres meses posteriores. Se tomó la totalidad de pacientes operados entre los años 2014 y 2016. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central y una comparación de los resultados clínicos según la técnica quirúrgica usada (abierta o endoscópica).
Resultados en el estudio se incluyeron 16 pacientes trasplantados renales con reflujo vesicoureteral del injerto como complicación postoperatoria que posteriormente fueron sometidos a la ureteroneocistostomía. El promedio de edad de la población fue de 43 años (D.E. ±  14,5), trasplante renal con donante cadavérico en un 87,5% y vivo del 12,5%. Según el grado de reflujo vesicoureteral previo a la corrección, el 41,6% eran grado III, seguido por grado II en el 25% y grado IV en el 25%. El abordaje quirúrgico de elección para el reimplante fue abierto en un 68,7% y endoscópico en el 31,2% de los casos. La función renal posterior al reimplante muestra tendencia a la mejoría con un promedio en el nivel de creatinina pre en 1.66 (D.E. ± 1,19) y post reimplante ureteral en 1.5 (D.E. ±  0,64). Por otra parte, las infecciones urinarias disminuyeron de 4.5 (D.E. ±  3,2) a 1.1 (D.E. ±  1,36) por año y el número de hospitalizaciones se redujo de 2.8 (D.E. ±  3,2) a 0.9 (D.E. ± 1,28) en el seguimiento.
Conclusiones en los pacientes con trasplante renal y corrección quirúrgica del reflujo vesicoureteral se encontraron niveles estables de azoados y se observó una disminución en el número de infecciones urinarias y de necesidad de hospitalizaciones, lo cual puede servir de base para futuros estudios con mayor muestra, analíticos y prospectivos que demuestren el impacto del reimplante vesicoureteral en la función renal y en las infecciones urinarias en ese grupo de pacientes.
Sexualidad en el adulto mayor, conductas y retos – revisión de la literatura
Authors: López-Ramos Hugo , Medina-Rico Mauricio , Hernandez Paula , Silva José Miguel 
Published: July 2018

Introducción Pese a que se ha descrito la presencia de actividad sexual en el adulto mayor, ella tiende a menospreciarse. Al no contar con personas con quienes puedan hablar de sus dificultades o les facilite información, los adultos mayores pueden tener problemas para tener una vida sexual activa, así como mayor probabilidad de presentar conductas de riesgo.
Objetivo Identificar las actividades sexuales y los problemas en ese campo más frecuentes en el adulto mayor.
Métodos Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Lilacs y Scielo. Se incluyeron estudios que brindaron información sobre la sexualidad en el adulto mayor al respecto de: Conductas sexuales más frecuentes, condiciones asociadas a una mejor o peor satisfacción sexual, y comunicación con el adulto mayor.
Resultados Se revisaron 2.342 artículos por título y el resumen. En total se seleccionaron 27 referencias para revisión en texto completo. Se identificó la importancia de la sexualidad en el adulto mayor en la calidad de vida y cómo ella se ve afectada por la presencia de condiciones como: cáncer, diabetes y depresión; además de falta de deseo, disfunción eréctil en el hombre y la menopausia en la mujer. Dentro de las conductas sexuales más frecuentes se describen: los besos, el coito genital, el sexo oral y la masturbación.
Conclusiones Es importante conocer las condiciones que afectan la sexualidad del adulto mayor y entender la forma en que ellos desean vivir su sexualidad para facilitar la comunicación en la consulta y ayudarlos a tener una vida sexual satisfactoria.
The Effect of Trace Amounts of Tissue Factor on Thrombin Generation in Platelet Rich Plasma, its Inhibition by Heparin
Authors: Béguin S , Lindhout T , Hemker H C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAmounts of human brain thromboplastin that do not stimulate thrombin generation in platelet poor plasma, were shown to advance by about 4 min an explosive formation of thrombin that occurs after recalcification in the presence of blood platelets. This synergistic effect is inhibited by the specific thrombin inhibitor hirudin and mimicked by adding low concentrations (< 5 nM) of thrombin to platelet rich plasma. It is our conclusion that, small amounts of thrombin, generated under the influence of thromboplastin induced procoagulant activity in the blood platelets. This activity is most likely mainly due to procoagulant phospholipids. Heparin inhibits this effect and retards the explosive thrombin formation. It does not, however, diminish the peak amount of thrombin eventually formed, because heparin neutralizing material released from the activated platelets quenches the heparin effect.
R 68 070: Thromboxane A2 Synthetase Inhibition and Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Receptor Blockade Combined in One Molecule - II. Pharmacological Effects In Vivo and Ex Vivo
Authors: Clerck F De , Beetens J , Water A Van de , Vercammen E , Janssen P A J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryR 68 070 or (E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- methylen]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid (Janssen Research Foundation, Belgium), a newly developed compound, combining specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition with TXA2/pros- taglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade in one molecule, is active in vivo in man and in experimental animals.In man (n = 5), a single oral 400-mg dose of R 68 070 produces deep and protracted inhibition of platelet TXA2 synthetase activity (≥90% for 48 h), increases serum levels of immuno- reactive 6-keto-PGF1α, reduces platelet aggregation in RR.R induced by U 46619, collagen (>70% for 8 h), arachidonic acid (>90% for 18 h) and prolongs template bleeding times significantly, without affecting plasma coagulation or fibrinolysis.In rats, R 68 070 (1.25 mg/kg orally, –2 h) singly prolongs tail bleeding times as much as a combination of TXA2 synthetase inhibition (dazoxiben 10 mg/kg) and TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade (BM 13177 40 mg/kg). In dogs, the compound reduces coronary thrombosis induced by electrical damage (1.25 mg/kg i. v.) and prevents the evolution of occlusion/ reperfusion-induced arrhythmias into ventricular fibrillation (2.5 mg/kg i.v.). R 68 070 thus may be an appropriate pharmacological tool to analyze the roles and interactions of agonistic (TXA2, prostaglandin endoperoxides) and antagonistic (PGD2, PGE2, PGI2) metabolites of arachidonic acid in experimental and human pathologies.
Platelet Interaction with Vessel Wall and Collagen in Pigs with Homozygous von Willebrand’s Disease Associated with Abnormal Collagen Aggregation
Authors: Badimon L , Badimon J J , Galvez A , Turitto V , Fuster V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA subgroup of pigs with von Willebrand’s disease from the Mayo Clinic stock shows abnormal platelet aggregation in response to collagen [vWD-Homo(-)], in contrast to the normal aggregation responses observed in the main colony of pigs with homozygous vWD [vWD-Homo(+)]. This subgroup has been characterized at Mayo as a storage pool deficiency due to the reduced levels of ADP and Serotonin in the platelet dense granules. In the present studies, an ex-vivo perfusion chamber was utilized to investigate the deposition of 111In-labeled platelets on aortic subendothelium and collagen type I exposed to blood from vWD-Homo(-), vWD-Homo(+) and normal animals. Both non-anticoagulated and heparinized blood were exposed for wall shear rates ranging from 212 sec-1 to 3380 sec-1 and exposure times as long as 30 min. An enhanced decrease in platelet deposition in the vWD-Homo(-) animals was observed compared to vWD-Homo(+) animals. The decrease was observed primarily at the higher shear rates and was more pronounced in the absence of heparin and on the collagenous substrate. Thus, the abnormality in collagen-induced aggregation, which has been characterized as a storage-pool type defect, results in a decreased platelet deposition compared with that produced by severe vWD alone.
Hypercoagulable State in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit, an Animal Model for the Progression of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mori Yoshitaka , Wada Hideo , Nagano Yutaka , Deguch Katsumi , Kita Toru , Shirakawa Shigeru 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBlood coagulation in a strain of rabbits designated as Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was examined. The activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, contact factors and clotting factor VIII (F VIII) and the fibrinogen level were significantly higher in WHHL rabbits than in normolipidemic rabbits (all age groups). Values for vitamin Independent clotting factor were already higher at 2 months of age. Contact factors and fibrinogen levels increased age after 5 to 8 months. F VIII increased between 5 and 8 months and then decreased. At 2 months of age, WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A was fed standard rabbit chow and group B standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol. Probucol prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in group B in the absence of a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol level. F VIII and fibrinogen levels were statistically decreased in all rabbits at all ages in group B (P<0.05). These differences in clotting factors between the two groups were most obvious at 8 months (P<0.02).We conclude that vitamin K-dependent clotting factors may increase with hyperlipemia and that increases in F VIII and fibrinogen may be closely related to the progression of throm- boatherosclerosis.
The Use of DNA Amplification for Genetic Counselling Related Diagnosis in Haemophilia B
Authors: Tsang T C , Bentley D R , Nilsson I M , Giannelli F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA single base pair variation in the coding sequence of
coagulation factor IX produces a protein polymorphism detectable with monoclonal antibodies and a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). This allows carrier and prenatal diagnoses in 48% of Caucasian families segregating for haemophilia B. However, this RFLP cannot be detected by standard Southern blotting, while the antibody assay may grve equivocal results in some females and can only allow prenatal diagnoses on second trimester fetal blood samples. We show that, using the polymerase chain reaction, the polymorphic DNA segment can be amplified and directly tested for the presence of the alternative sequences by a non-radioactive procedure that has the advantage of speed (1–2 days), partial automation and applicability to first trimester diagnoses. We also show that the method gives results on a single drop of dried blood.