bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Selected Vegetable Oils or Vitamin E on Fatty Acid Composition of Hen Egg Yolks
Authors: Franczyk-Żarów Magdalena , Szymczyk Beata , Kostogrys Renata B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to produce eggs enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ameliorate their fatty acid profile using the appropriate combination of dietary CLA with or without vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil) and vitamin E. In Experiment 1, 25-week-old laying hens were randomly distributed into eight groups of nine. Birds were fed with a standard diet with four different levels of CLA (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%) and vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil, both in the amount of 1.46%). In Experiment 2, hens were randomly distributed into 12 groups of nine. The same four levels of CLA with three doses of vitamin E (0, 150, 300 mg/kg of diet) were applied. In both experiments, eggs were collected twice (at 4 and 8 weeks) for fatty acid profiling using GCMS. The differences between treatment means were considered significant at P<0.05. CLA treatments significantly increased the content of CLA, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and significantly decreased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the egg yolk, whereas levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were unaffected. The vegetable oils used did not prevent the negative effects of CLA effectively. Only after eight weeks of experiment 1 SFA levels were significantly lower, but MUFA levels were significantly higher in groups fed with rapeseed oil compared to groups fed with olive oil. In experiment 2, the addition of vitamin E to the hen diet did not have an essential influence on the lipid profile of egg yolks.
Redox and Immunological Status of Turkeys Fed Diets with Different Levels and Sources of Copper
Authors: Jankowski Jan , Kozłowski Krzysztof , Ognik Katarzyna , Zduńczyk Zenon , Otowski Kamil , Sawosz Ewa , Juśkiewicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study, performed on turkeys aged 1 to 98 days, aimed to investigate whether different dietary inclusion levels (20, 10, 2 mg kg−1) of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) as a substitute for copper sulphate (Cu-SUL) affect redox and immunological status of turkeys’ tissues. No significant differences in the final body weights of turkeys were found across the dietary treatments. A comparison of the physiological effects of Cu-NP and Cu-SUL revealed equivocal metabolic responses including decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver, increased SOD and catalase activities in breast muscles, decreased total glutathione concentrations in breast muscles, and decreased plasma IgY concentrations. An analysis of the antioxidant and immune status parameters in the blood, liver and breast meat of turkeys indicates that 10 mg/kg is the optimal inclusion level of additional Cu. Both two-fold higher and five-fold lower Cu supplementation levels have a negative influence on selected parameters of the antioxidant and immune status of birds. Lower supplementation levels of Cu-NP (2 and 10 mg/kg) exert similar physiological effects to Cu-SUL, whereas higher addition of Cu-NP (20 mg/kg) may negatively affect selected redox parameters and stimulate the synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. The results of the present study indicate that further research is needed to establish the actual dietary requirements for Cu in turkeys and the efficacy of nanoparticles as a new additional Cu source in turkey nutrition.
The Effect of Emulsifier on Growth Performance and Fat Digestibility in Turkeys
Authors: Drażbo Aleksandra , Kozłowski Krzysztof , Croes Evi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of an emulsifier with very high hydrophilic-to-lipophilic balance (HLB) value (18) on growth performance and fat digestibility in turkeys. A total of 1120 day-old female Hybrid Converter turkeys were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 7 replicates (pens) of 40 birds each. Control group (T1) turkeys were fed a basal diet (BD), while turkeys from experimental groups received different levels of the commercial emulsifier VE added to diets with standard or reduced metabolizable energy (ME) content: T2 – BD + 500 ppm of VE; T3 – BD + 500 ppm of VE until 8 weeks of age, and 250 ppm from 9 to 16 weeks; T4 – BD – 3% ME + 500 ppm of VE until 8 weeks of age, and 250 ppm from 9 to 16 weeks. Regardless of its dietary inclusion level (500 g/ton and 500/250 g/ton feed), the emulsifier positively influenced the body weights (BW) and body weight gains (BWG) of birds. On days 56 and 112, significant differences in the values of these parameters were noted between the control treatment (T1) vs. groups T2 and T3. Emulsifier addition even contributed to an increase in the BWG and BW of birds receiving diets with 3% lower ME content, as compared with turkeys fed control diets. This shows that the emulsifier more than compensated the reduction in ME in T4. The turkeys from group T3 were characterized by significantly higher feed efficiency than T1 and T4 birds. The highest fat digestibility was noted in turkeys fed diets with a standard ME level and emulsifier addition (T2 and T3). In conclusion, the use of dietary emulsifier positively influences the growth performance of turkeys, and improves fat digestibility.
Cloning and Expression Levels of TFAM and TFB2M Genes and their Correlation with Meat and Carcass Quality Traits in Jiaxing Black Pig
Authors: Song Qianqian , Zhang Wei , Wu Fen , Zhang Jinzhi , Xu Mingshu , Li Haihong , Han Zhujun , Gao Haixia , Zhao Shanlin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The coding sequences (CDS) of TFAM and TFB2M genes from Jiaxing Black Pig (JBP) were first obtained by RT-PCR and DNA-seq in the present study. Sequence analyses showed that the TFAM gene contains a 741-bp CDS region encoding 246 amino acids sharing a 100% homology with the sequence on NCBI, while TFB2M gene contains a CDS region of 1176 bp encoding 391 amino acids with two missense mutations. The results of quantitative Real-Time PCR for TFAM and TFB2M revealed that transcripts of the genes were both presented at the highest levels in spleen tissue followed by liver tissue, while the least levels in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), and obviously the higher levels in two adipose tissues than those in LDM tissue (P<0.01). Meanwhile, a total of forty-two JBPs were employed in this experiment to investigate the effect of these two genes on the carcass, meat quality traits and flavor substances such as fatty acids, intramuscular fat (IMF) in LDM. As expected, some strong correlations of gene expression abundance of TFAM and TFB2M mRNA in particular tissues such as liver and LDM with carcass and meat quality traits including marbling score, as well as the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA), in JBP were found.
Phenolic Contents, in vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Genista microcephala Coss. & Dur.
Authors: Maanani Djamila , Segueni Narimane , Rhouati Salah , Çakmak Yavuz Selim , Asan-Ozusaglam Maltem , May Abdghani , Zellagui Amar , Akkal Salah 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the phenolic contents as well as to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Genista microcephala. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were quantified. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by various in vitro tests, including Ferric Ion Reducing Activity (FRP), Cuprac Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and total antioxidant capacities (TAC). The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts of G. microcephala in addition of fatty acids content of different parts of the studied plant was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria, fish bacteria and two yeast. The used methods were agar diffusion method and the determination of minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC and MFC). No significant difference was found between the two used solvents on total phenolic content (TPC). While, difference in total flavonoid content (TFC) were found to be significant. Ethylene acetate extract was the most actif regarding antioxidant assay. The tested activity seems to be due to the high content of this extract on isoflavonoids. The tested extracts demonstrated the lowest inhibition concentration for B.cereus RSKK 863.
Sex estimation using foot measurements, stature and body mass index (BMI) in a Nigerian population
Authors: Ogbonnaya Iroanya Onyekachi , Frank Egwuatu Tochukwu , Olasubomi Sonaike Adeola , David Uwaezuoke Nduka 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Identification of dismembered bodies recovered in disasters or crime scene is very important in forensic. This study was carried out to ascertain if foot size, body weight, height, stature and BMI can be used to predict sex using tape rule and Stadiometer scale. 150 subjects between 18 - 25yrs were recruited. Independent T-test, Pearson Correlation, Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis were determined using SPSS version 23. All measurements were higher in male than female and there was significant (p≤0.05) difference in the sex. The average foot length of 257.39mm was used to determine sex of the subjects. All foot lengths ≤ 257.39mm were presumed to belong to females while all values > 257.39mm was presumed males. Foot size and weight had the highest correlation values. Foot length gave better estimation of sex than foot breadth, BMI and weight. Results of Multiple regression equation was better than linear regression equation. In forensic anthropology, foot size has been used to predict sex. Limitation of this study is the formulae generated can only be applied to Nigerians aged 18-25 yrs. Studies should be carried out on diverse population for future inferences
Experimental setup for light-to-heat NIR conversion measurements of gold nano-particles’ solutions
Authors: Uzunov Nikolay , Bello Michele , Melendez-Alafort Laura , De Nardo Laura 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In recent years, there is a constantly increasing interest in the application of nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy. In this respect, the most promising nano-objects at present are the gold nanoparticles. A very convenient and powerful property of these objects is their ability to increase their temperature under electro-magnetic irradiation with certain wavelength. In our research we have directed our efforts toward particular nano-objects specifically sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared region (NIR). In order to study the photothermic properties of the solutions of gold nanoparticles in the NIR we constructed a specific electronic setup consisting of a laser system with interchangeable laser diodes with different wavelength NIR light, a thermally-insulated cuvette-holder compartment with temperature measuring probes and a NIR spectrometer to control the stimulated fluorescence emission of the nanoparticles’ solutions. The temperature measurement compartment with the thermal-insulated cuvette holder was designed to maintain the solutions’ temperature at a fixed value right before the moment of laser irradiation. To maintain the measurement setup at a fixed temperature before the irradiation we used a thermal stabilized system based on two Peltier cells with electronic temperature control. The temperatures of the ambient air and the temperature of the cuvette walls were continuously measured in order to make corrections about the temperature dissipation during the irradiation.
Preparation and characterization of a porous material from an Algerian desert sand
Authors: Mecheri G. , Hafsi S. , Gherraf N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The objective of the present work is to prepare and characterize a porous material using quite particular and localized dunar sand (erg) of the desert near the El-Oued (south-east of Algeria). The porous material is prepared according to the mechanism of co-operative self-assembly. The method consists of polymerizing a silicic precursor (sodium silicate obtained by alkali fusion of sand with the sodium carbonate) around micelles of surfactant in an acid aqueous solution according to the sol-gel process. The elimination of the surfactant by calcining at high temperature leads to the final material which was characterized by XRF, XRD, MEB-EDX, FTIR and BET techniques.
Comparative analysis of Nature Park Shumen Plateau and Shumen City Park as green spaces
Authors: Koynova Teodora 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The green areas play a significant role in keeping the urban population healthy. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the urban and peri-urban parks lately. The Nature Park Shumen plateau and Shumen City Park are an important green area for residents of Shumen city. The aim of this study was to make comparative analysis of the qualities of the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park as green spaces.
For quality assessment 10 criteria were used. The criteria were grouped in four categories - Green space placement, Green space use, Environment and Biodiversity. Five-point Likert scale was used to determine satisfaction with each of the 10 criteria. Nine experts did the evaluation of the criteria.
In category “Green space placement”, the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park had very similar evaluations however there were big differences in the individual criteria. According to the category “Green space use, both parks showed rather similar results. Concerning the category „Environment”, the Nature Park Shumen Plateau received slightly higher assessment and the category “Biodiversity” was ranked as twice higher.
The results show that the Nature Park Shumen Plateau and the Shumen City Park possess good quality as a green area, as the Nature Park Shumen Plateau was higher assessed compared to the Shumen City Park.
Elemental composition of surface soils in Nature Park Shumen Plateau and Shumen City, Bulgaria
Authors: Koleva Vanya , Koynova Teodora , Dragoeva Asya , Natchev Nikolay 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities cause environmental pollution and alter biogeochemical cycles. Soils in cities and their vicinity are exposed to different pollutants. Nature Park Shumen Plateau is a protected area situated in the proximity of Shumen (Bulgaria). The aim of this research was to compare elemental composition of surface soil samples from Nature Park with two areas in Shumen city.
Soil samples from seven sites on the territory of Nature Park and from two urban sites were collected. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed to interpret the complex data.
The content of 24 elements was determined: Br, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb. Results presented here and previously showed that concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb are below the upper limit according to Bulgarian legislation. Concentrations of Mn and Fe in samples from Nature Park were comparable to the literature data reported for unpolluted areas. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis show similarity of the content of 24 elements between samples from Nature Park and from Shumen city. These findings are in accordance with our previous positive results from Allium-test: cytogenetic endpoints showed a presence of harmful compounds in Nature Park soils.
The content of heavy metals in the surface soils studied show a lack of environmental risk for Nature Park. However, a similar distribution pattern of the investigated elements in the park and two anthropologically influenced areas in Shumen city indicated a potential hazard in Nature Park.
Chromatographic Retention Modeling of Alkylazoles by QSRR Approach
Authors: Moskovkina M. N. , Bangov I. P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Quantitative Structure Retention Relationship (QSRR) approach has been applied to model the gas chromatographic retention of 16 alkyloxazoles and 16 alkylthiazoles on three capillary columns with different polarities. The potential of the Charge-related Topological Index (CTI) developed by one of the authors (I.B.) was investigated as a descriptor in QSRR linear multivariate regressions. Calculated values of atomic charges and the indication of the presence of substitutions in different positions in the solute structures are used to generate regressions. Analysis of the equations derived proves their ability to describe and evaluate the participants in the chromatographic separation process. The present quantitative characterization of the chromatographic retention of alkylazoles shows the potentials of deriving QSRR models to exhibit the retention intermolecular interactions.
Diversity and distribution of testate amoebae (Amoebozoa, Rhizaria) in reservoirs, Northeastern Bulgaria
Authors: Davidova Rositsa , Sevginov Senay 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study is to describe the testate amoebae fauna in seven reservoirs in the Northeastern Bulgaria and to investigate the relationship of taxonomic diversity and abundance of these organisms to the some characteristics of the reservoirs. A total of 52 species, varieties and forms belonging to 15 genera were identified in the benthal of the coastal zone. There are significant differences in species richness and abundance between the testacea of different reservoirs. Number of taxa was significantly higher in the Beli Lom (29 species and 12 genera) and Loznitsa (22 species and 13 genera). Most of the reservoirs - Kara Michal, Bogdantsi, Isperih, Lipnik and Brestovene have extremely poor fauna compared to other similar reservoirs. This is confirmed by the low values of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, which varied between 1.04 and 2.396, as well as by the other indices used to assess the environmental conditions in the reservoirs. The data of the regression analysis showed that a relation between age, surface area and water volume of the reservoirs and the species richness and abundance of testacea is not established.
Renovation of Wooden Buildings in Riga
Authors: Viļuma Antra 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The wooden architecture of the 19th century is mentioned in the UNESCO World Heritage description of Riga among the criteria that makes the Capital city of Outstanding Universal Value. So far, 3 500 wooden buildings in the city have survived. This paper summarizes information on the renovation of four wooden buildings. The aim of this paper is to give a closer overview on the impact of ownership, funding source and location in the city of the building on the process of renovation and architectural change. The internationally approved renovation principles in the renovation of wooden buildings in Riga are not often taken into account.
A Single Layer Functional Link Artificial Neural Network based on Chebyshev Polynomials for Neural Evaluations of Nonlinear Nth Order Fuzzy Differential Equations
Authors: Ara Asmat , Razzaq Oyoon Abdul , Khan Najeeb Alam 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bearing in mind the considerable importance of fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) in different fields of science and engineering, in this paper, nonlinear nth order FDEs are approximated, heuristically. The analysis is carried out on using Chebyshev neural network (ChNN), which is a type of single layer functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). Besides, explication of generalized Hukuhara differentiability (gH-differentiability) is also added for the nth order differentiability of fuzzy-valued functions. Moreover, general formulation of the structure of ChNN for the governing problem is described and assessed on some examples of nonlinear FDEs. In addition, comparison analysis of the proposed method with Runge-Kutta method is added and also portrayed the error bars that clarify the feasibility of attained solutions and validity of the method.
Splitting with Different Growth Rates for Linear Discrete-time Skew-evolution Semiflows in Banach Spaces
Authors: Borlea Diana 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper we intend to study three concepts of (h, k)-splitting for skew-evolution semiflows, which model discrete-time variational systems in Banach spaces. We also aim to give connections between them, emphasized by counterexamples and we propose an open problem.
η-Ricci Solitons on Kenmotsu 3-Manifolds
Authors: De Krishnendu , De Uday Chand 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the present paper we study η-Ricci solitons on Kenmotsu 3-manifolds. Moreover, we consider η-Ricci solitons on Kenmotsu 3-manifolds with Codazzi type of Ricci tensor and cyclic parallel Ricci tensor. Beside these, we study φ-Ricci symmetric η-Ricci soliton on Kenmotsu 3-manifolds. Also Kenmotsu 3-manifolds satisfying the curvature condition R.R = Q(S, R)is considered. Finally, an example is constructed to prove the existence of a proper η-Ricci soliton on a Kenmotsu 3-manifold.
Related G-metrics and Fixed Points
Authors: Gaba Yaé Ulrich O. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
For a single valued mapping T in a G-complete G-metric space (X, d), we show that if Tn
,for some n> 1, is a contraction, then T itself is a contraction under another related G-metric d′. We establish moreover that if T is uniformly continuous, then d′ is G-complete.
η-Ricci Solitons on Quasi-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Ghosh Sujit 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The object of the present paper is to study η-Ricci solitons in a 3-dimensional non-cosymplectic quasi-Sasakian manifolds. We study a particular type of second order parallel tensor in this manifold. Beside this we consider this manifold satisfying some curvature properties of Ricci tensor.
Expanding the Applicability of Stirling’s Method under Weaker Conditions and Restricted Convergence Regions
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , Parida P.K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper we have provided sufficient conditions to study semilocal and local convergence of the Stirling’s method. The method is used to find fixed points of nonlinear operator equation. We assume Lipschtiz continuity type conditions on the first Fréchet derivative of the operator but no contractive conditions as in earlier works. This way expand the applicability of this method. Here we introduce a new type of majorizing sequences instead of usual majorizing sequences and recurrence relations. Finally the paper will be concluded with numerical examples and a favorable comparison with known results.
Strong Convergence Theorems for Hybrid Mixed Type Nonlinear Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Saluja Gurucharan Singh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new two-step iteration scheme of hybrid mixed type for two asymptotically nonexpansive self mappings and two asymptotically nonexpansive non-self mappings in the intermediate sense and establish some strong convergence theorems for mentioned scheme and mappings in Banach spaces. Our results extend and generalize the corresponding results recently announced by Wei and Guo [16] (Comm. Math. Res. 31(2015), 149-160) and many others.
Ricci Solitons in β-Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The object of the present paper is to study Ricci soliton in β-Kenmotsu manifolds. Here it is proved that a symmetric parallel second order covariant tensor in a β-Kenmotsu manifold is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. Using this result, it is shown that if (ℒVg +2S)is ∇-parallel where V is a given vector field, then the structure (g, V, λ) yields a Ricci soliton. Further, by virtue of this result, we found the conditions of Ricci soliton in β-Kenmotsu manifold to be shrinking, steady and expending respectively. Next, Ricci soliton for 3-dimensional β-Kenmotsu manifold are discussed with an example.