bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to Life's Essential 8 in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis including 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries
Authors: Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo , López‐Bueno Rubén , Torres‐Castro Rodrigo , Calatayud Joaquín , del Pozo Cruz Borja 
Published: November 2024

SummaryIntroductionCardiovascular health is a crucial aspect of overall health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic based on the Life's Essential 8 domains.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched until 24 February 2023. Studies had to meet the following criteria: (1) observational studies, (2) studies reporting proportion of selected risk factors, (3) studies involving children or adolescents, (4) studies that collected data during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (5) studies with representative samples. The outcomes included were diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and elevated blood pressure.ResultsSixty‐two studies with 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries were included. Of these, 41 studies were used in the meta‐analyses. The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the behavioural domain was as follows: poor quality diet 26.69% (95% CI 0.00%–85.64%), inadequate physical activity 70.81% (95% CI 64.41%–76.83%), nicotine exposure 9.24% (95% CI 5.53%–13.77%) and sleep disorders 33.49% (95% CI 25.24%–42.28%). The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the health domain was as follows: obesity 16.21% (95% CI 12.71%–20.04%), dyslipidaemia 1.87% (95% CI 1.73%–2.01%), diabetes 1.17% (95% CI 0.83%–1.58%) and elevated blood pressure 11.87% (95% CI 0.26%–36.50%).ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for prevention strategies to maintain better cardiovascular health from an early age, particularly by increasing physical activity levels, sleep time and promoting the consumption of more fruits and vegetables.
Antigen presentation of post‐translationally modified peptides in major histocompatibility complexes
Authors: de Wit Alexine S , Bianchi Frans , van den Bogaart Geert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractT cells of the adaptive immune system recognize pathogens and malignantly transformed cells through a process called antigen presentation. During this process, peptides are displayed on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Self‐reactive T cells are typically removed or suppressed during T‐cell development and through peripheral tolerance mechanisms, ensuring that only T cells recognizing peptides that are either absent or present in low abundance under normal conditions remain. This selective process allows T cells to respond to peptides derived from foreign proteins while ignoring those from self‐proteins. However, T cells can also respond to peptides derived from proteins that have undergone post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Over 200 different PTMs have been described, and while they are essential for protein function, localization and stability, their dysregulation is often associated with disease conditions. PTMs can affect the proteolytic processing of proteins and prevent MHC binding, thereby changing the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC molecules. However, it is also increasingly evident that many peptides presented on MHC molecules carry PTMs, which can alter their immunogenicity. As a result, the presentation of post‐translationally modified peptides by MHC molecules plays a significant role in various diseases, as well as autoimmune disorders and allergies. This review will provide an overview of the impact of PTMs on antigen presentation and their implications for immune recognition and disease.
Current state of the non‐pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome: an up‐to‐date review of the literature
Authors: Patel Rohan , Wong Darren 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) that is thought to affect a significant proportion of the population. As a result of the nature of IBS, it is hard to predict treatment efficacy as all individuals respond differently, and thus multidisciplinary treatment has become increasingly of interest as it targets multiple aspects of IBS at the same time. Here, we aim to review the literature of both multidisciplinary and single‐discipline therapy for IBS. Ovid MEDLINE was utilised with a systematic search to find relevant randomised controlled trials. The population included adults with a Rome diagnosis of IBS and an intervention that was either multidisciplinary care, diet, psychotherapy, gut‐directed hypnotherapy (GDH) or physiotherapy. Multidisciplinary care studies found an overall significant improvement, while dietary treatment was varied. A low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet was the only one to improve symptoms, while gluten‐free and fibre diets had mixed evidence for their efficacy. Novel diets, including a tritordeum‐based diet and low tryptophan diet, significantly improved symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy was found to be efficacious when compared to controls, as was psychoeducation. GDH was also found to be efficacious, but 83.3% of studies examined a refractory IBS population. There is a lack of literature looking at how multidisciplinary care and different combinations of disciplines work to treat those with IBS in secondary care. Further studies are required for a greater understanding of how multidisciplinary care may be utilised to better manage IBS.
A thermodynamically consistent phase‐field‐micromechanics model of sintering with coupled diffusion and grain motion
Authors: Yang Qingcheng , Kirshtein Arkadz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSintering is crucial for processing ceramic and metallic powders into solid objects, and understanding microstructure evolution is essential for manufacturing tailored products. While various phase‐field models have been proposed to simulate microstructure evolution in solid‐state sintering, correctly incorporating the crucial grain‐motion‐induced densification mechanism remains challenging. This issue stems from an ad hoc treatment of the micromechanics of grain motion, where the thermodynamical driving force is not derived from the system's free energy. This study introduces a novel phase‐field‐micromechanics model of sintering (PFMMS) that addresses this long‐standing challenge. The PFMMS defines a unified energy law, deriving governing equations using variational principles, ensuring thermodynamic consistency. The driving force for grain motion is derived from the system's free energy, eliminating non‐densifying phenomena that may occur in existing models and ensuring energy reduction. This approach represents a significant advancement over our previous work, which was experimentally validated. The PFMMS is verified against theoretical and numerical benchmarks, capturing intrinsic stress distribution and system‐size‐independent shrinkage strain while maintaining thermodynamic equilibrium states. These results meet essential requirements for a consistent and reliable sintering model, offering potential applications in the manufacturing of high‐performance ceramics and metals with precisely controlled microstructures.
Mechanical properties of SiC fiber/carbon/Si‐Co matrix composites processed using film boiling and melt infiltration
Authors: Miura Takashi , Ogasawara Toshio , Aoki Takuya , Kubota Yuki , Abe Keisuke , Kawakami Kosuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study objective is a proposal of a new lightweight and affordable structural material with heat resistance of 600–1000°C. We developed process technology and evaluated the mechanical properties of SiC fiber (Hi‐Nicalon)/Si‐CoSi2 matrix composites. After Hi‐Nicalon fibers were woven into orthogonal three‐dimensional fabrics ( 40%), a carbon layer (FB‐C) was formed on the fiber surface using film boiling, serving as the fiber–matrix interface layer. To suppress Hi‐Nicalon strength degradation, Si‐22 at.% Co alloy with a lower melting point compared to pure Si was infiltrated at 1380°C to produce Hi‐Nicalon/FB‐C/Si‐CoSi2 matrix composites. Dense composites with no open pores were obtained. Their bulk density was 2.7 g/cm3. Their mean value of four‐point bending strength was 460 MPa at room temperature and 612 MPa at 800°C in an Argon atmosphere. Fiber pullout and fiber bridging were observed clearly on the fracture surfaces. The FB‐C, with an average thickness of 4 µm, suppresses Hi‐Nicalon damage from the molten Si‐Co alloy. Furthermore, an inexpensive oxidation‐resistant coating of Si‐Co alloy dispersed with TiB2 and SiC particles was formed on the composite surface. The four‐point bending strength in air was 424 MPa at 800°C and 539 MPa at 1200°C, demonstrating that the oxidation‐resistant coating functions effectively.
Molecular Insights Into Actinic Cheilitis and Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma: AURKA and AURKB Amplifications and Their Association With Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: de Souza Vinícius Gonçalves , da Rocha Ismael Gomes , Cardoso Sérgio Vitorino , Loyola Adriano Mota , Siqueira Carla Silva , de Oliveira Fábio Morato 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLip exposure to carcinogens lead to several disorders, such as actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Although several studies have described important pathways in lip carcinogenesis, the comprehension of association of target genes in this process and their association with tumor microenvironment still need to be better understood.MethodsTissue samples of 30 AC and 17 LLSCC cases were included for histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical expression of CD4, CD8, and PD‐L1, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for AURKA, AURKB, TP53, PTEN, CCND1, and MYC. Non‐parametrical tests were done and p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsLLSCC patients presented higher amplifications of AURKA and AURKB, deletion of TP53, and PTEN and rearrangements of MYC than AC. AURKA, AURKB, TP53, PTEN, and CCND1 changes were correlated with PD‐L1 expression.Conclusions
AURKA and AURKB amplifications and other gene changes are pointed by their association of lip disorders.
Childhood acute flaccid myelitis, including the first confirmed cases of enterovirus D68 myelitis, in Singapore and Southeast Asia
Authors: Pakiam Jillian Ann , Nadua Karen Donceras , Lin Cui , Hoh Sing Yee , Chew Ee Ming , Yam Andrew Kean Tuck , Teo Jia Hui , Ng Zhi Min , Ganesan Indra , Chong Chia Yin , Thomas Terrence 
Published: November 2024

AimWe report the epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), including the first two cases of enterovirus (EV) D68 myelitis, in Singapore.MethodsRetrospective observational study from a paediatric hospital in Singapore, from January 2012 to December 2022. Clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging and outcome data were analysed.ResultsEight patients were identified (all male). Median age at presentation was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.2–10.0) years. Seven (87.5%) patients were clustered in two time periods (July 2018–January 2019 and April–August 2022). Presenting features were a preceding febrile respiratory illness (n = 6) or hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (n = 2), upper limb weakness (n = 5, 62.5%) and neurogenic bladder (3, 37.5%), while the spinal cord lesions were predominantly in the cervical region (7, 87.5%). Five (62.5%) and six (75.0%) patients had elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cells (median 7.5/mm3 (IQR 2.8–40.3)) and protein (median 0.6 g/L (IQR 0.4–0.7)), respectively. CSF was negative for pathogens. Two (50%) of four patients with EV detected in respiratory/rectal swabs had EVD68 (2022 cluster). All received intravenous methylprednisolone, six (75%) had additional intravenous immunoglobulin and either plasma exchange therapy (n = 1) or intravenous tocilizumab (n = 1). Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at acute illness was 4 (IQR grades 3–5), with an improvement (median 2 (IQR 1.8–2.3) mRS grades) on follow‐up (median duration 3.7 (IQR 1.4–4.1) years). One patient (12.5%) had a full recovery and seven (87.5%) have moderate disability (mRS 2–3).ConclusionDisability risk in AFM is high despite aggressive immunotherapy. We report the first two confirmed cases of EV D68 AFM in Singapore and Southeast Asia.
Deciphering the Enigma of Annual Recurrence of Wheat Rusts in India
Authors: Bhardwaj S. C. , Gangwar O. P. , Prasad P. , Kumar Subodh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the absence of alternate hosts, the epidemiology of wheat rusts has remained elusive in many countries including India. This paper synthesises salient information from historical records collected at the Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, from surveys of alternate and alternative hosts, and from observations in off‐season wheat disease monitoring nurseries. The primary source of rust inoculum to wheat in the plains of India was previously suggested to originate from off‐season wheat, self‐sown plants and green bridges in the hills. However, nowadays there is negligible cultivation of off‐season wheat in the hills, but still recurrence of wheat rust is a regular phenomenon in India. As observed previously, none of the Berberis spp. or grasses could be related to wheat rusts in this study. Thus, the wheat rust pathogens appear to multiply clonally in India. At present, new virulent pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici are identified initially from the plains of Punjab and other areas in the foothills of Himachal Pradesh, and after 6–7 years these pathotypes become predominant in the hills. Moreover, owing to the cultivation of traditional wheat germplasm, less virulent pathotypes of the stripe rust pathogen occur in the higher hills, and most of the present‐day wheat varieties are resistant to these pathotypes. The avirulence/virulence profiles of Indian pathotypes of Puccinia spp. on wheat indicate that our pathotype flora is different from that of adjoining countries and continents, which rules out their incursion from the adjoining countries. Wheat rust infection in the plains appears to be independent of the hills and movement of both leaf rust and stripe rust occurs both ways gradually year after year. It appears that the wheat rusts survive on grasses or other non‐gramineous hosts occurring locally near water bodies, forests, grasslands or damp areas in the hills and plains of India.
Selected examples of Muslim loyalism in the Balkans toward Christian states: The case of Bosnia‐Herzegovina and Bulgaria 1878–1914
Authors: Popek Krzysztof , Lis and Tomasz Jacek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to characterize the loyalist attitudes of Muslims in Bulgaria and Bosnia‐Herzegovina (then part of Austria‐Hungary) in the period between the Congress of Berlin and the outbreak of World War I, with particular focus on the issue of differences between the religious beliefs of these communities and the ruling religion of their respective states. The analysis was carried out based on selected examples using the case study method (attitudes toward armed resistance, military service, and the formation of elites in support of the state), and is preceded by a profile of the approach of the authorities in Bulgaria and Bosnia‐Herzegovina toward their Muslim subjects. By comparing the state‐citizen and citizen‐state attitudes, the article addresses the question concerning the degree of communal loyalty to the Christian authorities and – based on the comparative method – outlines the primary differences between the two.
Medicago truncatula genotype drives the plant nutritional strategy and its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities
Authors: Zancarini Anouk , Le Signor Christine , Terrat Sébastien , Aubert Julie , Salon Christophe , Munier‐Jolain Nathalie , Mougel Christophe 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Harnessing the plant microbiome through plant genetics is of increasing interest to those seeking to improve plant nutrition and health. While genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted to identify plant genes driving the plant microbiome, more multidisciplinary studies are required to assess the relationships among plant genetics, plant microbiome and plant fitness.
Using a metabarcoding approach, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial communities of a core collection of 155 Medicago truncatula genotypes along with the plant phenotype and investigated the plant genetic effects through GWAS.
The different genotypes within the M. truncatula core collection showed contrasting growth and nutritional strategies but few loci were associated with these ecophysiological traits. To go further, we described its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities, dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and defined a core rhizosphere bacterial community. Next, the occurrences of bacterial candidates predicting plant ecophysiological traits of interest were identified using random forest analyses. Some of them were heritable and plant loci were identified, pinpointing genes related to response to hormone stimulus, systemic acquired resistance, response to stress, nutrient starvation or transport, and root development.
Together, these results suggest that plant genetics can affect plant growth and nutritional strategies by harnessing keystone bacteria in a well‐connected interaction network.
Neutrophils as indicators of obesity‐associated inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gomez‐Casado Gema , Jimenez‐Gonzalez Andres , Rodriguez‐Muñoz Alba , Tinahones Francisco J. , González‐Mesa Ernesto , Murri Mora , Ortega‐Gomez Almudena 
Published: November 2024

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the suitability of routine blood neutrophil values as indicators of obesity‐associated inflammation.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we assess absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values in subjects with and without obesity and analyze the weight of both parameters on the disease. Additionally, correlation studies between ANC and NLR with BMI, a parameter internationally accepted to define obesity are performed.ResultsQuantitative data from 12 (ANC) and 11 (NLR) studies were included, with a total of 4475 participants. The meta‐analysis shows that while both parameters are increased in the obesity group, ANC values present higher differences with the control and less heterogeneity among studies. Additionally, unlike NLR, ANC demonstrates a positive and significant correlation with BMI.ConclusionOverall, this meta‐analysis demonstrates that ANC is a more reliable and stable parameter than NLR for the assessment of obesity‐related inflammation, which offers clinicians a novel tool to assist in preventing complications related to obesity.
FROM MIDDENED POTTERY TO PIT DEPOSIT: A STUDY OF TWO NEOLITHIC SITES IN NORTHUMBERLAND, UK
Authors: Edwards Ben 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThis paper presents the analysis of a highly significant early Neolithic midden from Threefords in the Milfield Basin, Northumberland, UK. The midden, unique in the region for its association with an early Neolithic building, sheds new light on the practice of pottery curation prior to later pit deposition. Using metric and abrasion analyses the effects on potsherds of temporary deposition in a midden are examined, before their potential removal and reburial in one of the region’s Neolithic pits. The paper demonstrates statistically that a midden was a potential locale for the curation of potsherds as a valuable resource for later social practices, and that the metric properties of the pottery from the midden match those of the pottery from a major pit site in the immediate vicinity.
Measurement Properties of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis‐Based Study
Authors: Ringblom Jenny , Wåhlin Ingrid , Proczkowska Marie , Korhonen Laura , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmergence delirium is a well‐known and common problem in children recovering from anesthesia. The five‐item Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing this condition, but the scale has been questioned regarding its latent structure, i.e., whether its items cover just one underlying construct. It has been suggested that the scale's first three items might identify emergence delirium better than the last two.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale with a focus on its latent structure and cutoff scores, using appropriate statistical methods for ordinal data.MethodsA total of 350 children under 7 years of age, undergoing adenoidectomy, with or without additional tonsillotomy or minor procedures like paracentesis, tongue‐tie release, or cerumen removal, were enrolled in the study. At the recovery unit, emergence delirium and pain were registered.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the two‐factor model, including emergence delirium‐specific behaviors (first three items) and emergence delirium‐nonspecific behaviors (last two items), established an excellent model fit according to the χ2 goodness‐of‐fit statistics, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Comparative Fit Index, Tucker‐Lewis Index, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. The ordinal alpha of 0.98 and the ordinal omega of 0.96 supported the internal consistency reliability of the emergence delirium‐specific behaviors. The convergent validity was supported due to a strong correlation between emergence delirium‐nonspecific behaviors and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve analyses resulted in two tentative cutoff scores for emergence delirium‐specific behaviors¸ ≥ 6 and ≥ 8.ConclusionThe Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale's first three items are a more valid and reliable measure of emergence delirium than its original five items.
Associations between self‐disclosure, secrecy, and adolescent well‐being in China: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Tang Yuen‐Ki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores the rising trend of loneliness and depression among adolescents in the context of Chinese culture, investigating the relationship between different patterns of disclosure and secrecy and adolescent anxiety and loneliness. A person‐centered approach was used to explore disclosure and secrecy in relationships of 253 adolescents (M = 15.52, range = 14–18, 54.4% female) from Nanjing's public schools and the impact of these patterns on their levels of depression and loneliness. The results indicate that adolescent disclosure and secrecy toward parents and good friends are correlated with adolescent depression and loneliness. Five groups can be identified based on disclosure and secrecy, with each group demonstrating significant differences in the degree of disclosure and secrecy and distinct characteristics. Significant differences exist in the levels of adolescent depression and loneliness among the different groups. This study emphasizes the value of a person‐centered approach. Findings suggest that having multiple avenues for dialogue is more beneficial than merely increasing the volume of disclosure within any single channel. This emphasizes the importance of a diversified support network in enhancing adolescent well‐being. The research also recognizes that small samples can uncover more complex or diversified groups that exhibit unique behavioral patterns within specific cultures.