bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy ofBorrelia burgdorferivaccine in dogs in North America: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vogt Nadine A. , Sargeant Jan M. , MacKinnon Melissa C. , Versluis Ali M. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundLyme borreliosis, a tick‐borne disease, is endemic to some parts of North America and is an emerging disease in other parts of the world. Vaccination is an increasingly common, although controversial, method used in the prevention of Lyme disease in dogs; the reported efficacies ofBorrelia burgdorferivaccines in dogs are highly variable, ranging from 50% to 100%.ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of vaccines for prevention of Lyme disease in dogs in North America.MethodsExperimental and observational study designs were eligible for inclusion. The outcome of interest was the reduction of incidence of clinical illness after exposure toB. burgdorferi. Electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Centre for Agricultural Biosciences Abstracts. Clinical signs were extracted as dichotomous outcomes: lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, depression, and lymphadenopathy. Study quality was assessed using tools from the Cochrane collaboration.ResultsIn total, 3 observational studies and 13 challenge trials were included. None of the challenge trials assessed lymphadenopathy, but for each of the remaining 4 clinical signs, a meta‐analysis was performed. Compared to unvaccinated dogs, vaccinated dogs had a reduced odds of developing lameness, depression, pyrexia, and anorexia (odds ratio: 0.15‐0.23).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBased on the quantitative synthesis of results from challenge studies, vaccinated dogs are less likely to develop clinical signs after exposure toB. burgdorfericompared to unvaccinated dogs. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, as several shortcomings related to quality and study design were identified. Future studies should focus on larger sample sizes in field conditions.
The imprints left by historical contingency on marsupials' life‐history traits
Authors: Cássia‐Silva Cibele , Sales Lilian Patrícia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHistorical contingency may lead to distinct evolutionary imprints in early‐isolated taxonomic groups. Here, we used comparative phylogenetics to unravel biogeographical imprints left by distinct historical contingencies on the evolutionary patterns of life‐history traits of an iconic group, currently separated by ocean‐wide distance: the marsupials. Australasian and New World marsupial communities share a common ancestry but were subjected to different biogeographic histories: while the Australasian community was effectively isolated from other faunas since disruption of land bridges with Antarctica, the evolution of New World marsupials was affected by the Great American Biotic Interchange. Contrary to our expectations, the exuberant diversity of life‐history traits on Australasian marsupials did not exhibit evidence of early bursts of evolution, as expected on adaptive radiations. That surprising result is probably related to the assumptions of the ecological opportunities scenario – sensu Simpson (Tempo and mode in evolution, Columbia University Press, New York, 1994), which are hard to be met in continental scales. On the other hand, New World marsupials showed patterns of evolution consistent with niche conservatism, possibly due to the constraining effect of biotic interactions on niche evolution. Therefore, biotic interactions seem to have the limited evolution of New World life‐history traits, whereas Australasian marsupials diverged into spectacular forms, though in a gradual and constant rate. The distinct biogeographic histories of the New World and Australasian marsupials thus provide a unifying explanation for the divergence patterns found in their life‐history traits.
The RIN‐regulated Small Auxin‐Up RNA SAUR69 is involved in the unripe‐to‐ripe phase transition of tomato fruit via enhancement of the sensitivity to ethylene
Authors: Shin Jun‐Hye , Mila Isabelle , Liu Mingchun , Rodrigues Maria Aurineide , Vernoux Teva , Pirrello Julien , Bouzayen Mondher 
Published: December 2018

Summary

Ethylene is the main hormone controlling climacteric fruit ripening; however, the mechanisms underlying the developmental transition leading to the initiation of the ripening process remain elusive, although the presumed role of active hormone interplay has often been postulated.

To unravel the putative role of auxin in the unripe‐to‐ripe transition, we investigated the dynamics of auxin activity in tomato fruit and addressed the physiological significance of Sl‐SAUR69, previously identified as a RIN target gene, using reverse genetics approaches.

Auxin signalling undergoes dramatic decline at the onset of ripening in wild‐type fruit, but not in the nonripening rin mutant. Sl‐SAUR69 exhibits reduced expression in rin and its up‐regulation results in premature initiation of ripening, whereas its down‐regulation extends the time to ripening. Overexpression of Sl‐SAUR69 reduces proton pump activity and polar auxin transport, and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis alters auxin transporter abundance, further arguing for its active role in the regulation of auxin transport.

The data support a model in which Sl‐SAUR69 represses auxin transport, thus generating auxin minima, which results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity. This defines a regulation loop, fed by ethylene and auxin as the main hormonal signals and by RIN and Sl‐SAUR69 as modulators of the balance between the two hormones.
Gender‐specific considerations in physical activity, thermogenesis and fat oxidation: implications for obesity management
Authors: Isacco L. , Miles‐Chan J. L. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWith current ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ obesity prevention and management strategies proving largely ineffective, the focus has shifted towards a more tailored, individualized approach. However, investigation of the mechanisms underlying inter‐individual variability in metabolic profile and response to intervention often yield conflicting results. Indeed, it is perhaps surprising that despite at least a century of recognition that sex hormones influence metabolism, firm conclusions regarding the effects of the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception and menopause on many aspects of energy expenditure and substrate utilization remain to be drawn. In this review, we examine current evidence relating to gender‐specific considerations in the promotion of physical activity, thermogenesis and fat oxidation for body‐weight regulation, including the relationship between sex hormone status and non‐exercise activity thermogenesis – an energy expenditure compartment that is often overlooked in favour of traditional exercise/sport physical activities yet presents a viable target in the search for effective weight management.
Targeting lifestyle energy expenditure in the management of obesity and health: from biology to built environment
Authors: Dulloo A. G. , Miles‐Chan J. , Schutz Y. , Montani J.‐P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIncreasing lifestyle energy expenditure has long been advocated in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as embodied in the ancient prescription of Hippocrates (the ‘father of modern medicine’) that people with obesity should eat less and exercise more. However, the long‐term outcome of exercise alone or in combination with dieting in obesity management is poor. To understand the reasons underlying these failures and to develop novel strategies that target lifestyle energy expenditure in both prevention and treatment of obesity, research over the past decades has focused on (i) the interactions between physical activity and body weight (and its composition) throughout the lifespan; (ii) the influence of biology and potential compensatory changes in energy expenditure, food intake and food assimilation in response to energy deficits; and (iii) the impact of the built environment (outdoor and indoor) and smart technology on physical activity behaviours, thermoregulatory thermogenesis and metabolic health. It is against this background that recent advances relevant to the theme of ‘Targeting Lifestyle Energy Expenditure in the Management of Obesity and Health: From Biology to Built Environment’ are addressed in this overview and the nine review articles in this supplement, reporting the proceedings of the 9th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.
Rationale for novel intermittent dieting strategies to attenuate adaptive responses to energy restriction
Authors: Sainsbury A. , Wood R. E. , Seimon R. V. , Hills A. P. , King N. A. , Gibson A. A. , Byrne N. M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryEating patterns involving intermittent energy restriction (IER) include ‘intermittent fasting’ where energy intake is severely restricted for several ‘fasting’ days per week, with ‘refeeding’ days (involving greater energy intake than during fasting days) at other times. Intermittent fasting does not improve weight loss compared to continuous energy restriction (CER), where energy intake is restricted every day. We hypothesize that weight loss from IER could be improved if refeeding phases involved restoration of energy balance (i.e. not ongoing energy restriction, as during intermittent fasting). There is some evidence in adults with overweight or obesity showing that maintenance of a lower weight may attenuate (completely or partially) some of the adaptive responses to energy restriction that oppose ongoing weight loss. Other studies show some adaptive responses persist unabated for years after weight loss. Only five randomized controlled trials in adults with overweight or obesity have compared CER with IER interventions that achieved energy balance (or absence of energy restriction) during refeeding phases. Two reported greater weight loss than CER, whereas three reported similar weight loss between interventions. While inconclusive, it is possible that achieving energy balance (i.e. avoiding energy restriction or energy excess) during refeeding phases may be important in realizing the potential of IER.
Genes controlling legume nodule numbers affect phenotypic plasticity responses to nitrogen in the presence and absence of rhizobia
Authors: Goh Chooi‐Hua , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Mathesius Ulrike 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigated the role of three autoregulation of nodulation (AON) genes in regulating of root and shoot phenotypes when responding to changing nitrogen availability in the model legume, Medicago truncatula. These genes, RDN1‐1 (ROOT DETERMINED NODULATION1‐1), SUNN (SUPER NUMERIC NODULES), and LSS (LIKE SUNN SUPERNODULAOR), act in a systemic signalling pathway that limits nodule numbers. This pathway is also influenced by nitrogen availability, but it is not well known if AON genes control root and shoot phenotypes other than nodule numbers in response to nitrogen. We conducted a controlled glasshouse experiment to compare root and shoot phenotypes of mutants and wild type plants treated with four nitrate concentrations. All AON mutants showed altered rhizobia‐independent phenotypes, including biomass allocation, lateral root length, lateral root density, and root length ratio. In response to nitrogen, uninoculated AON mutants were less plastic than the wild type in controlling root mass ratio, root length ratio, and lateral root length. This suggests that AON genes control nodulation‐independent root architecture phenotypes in response to nitrogen. The phenotypic differences between wild type and AON mutants were exacerbated by the presence of nodules, pointing to resource competition as an additional mechanism affecting root and shoot responses to nitrogen.
Calibrating Non-Probability Surveys to Estimated Control Totals Using LASSO, with An Application to Political Polling
Authors: Chen Jack Kuang Tsung , Valliant Richard L. , Elliott Michael R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDeclining response rates and increasing costs have led to greater use of non-probability samples in election polling. But non-probability samples may suffer from selection bias due to differential access, degrees of interest and other factors. Here we estimate voting preference for 19 elections in the US 2014 midterm elections by using large non-probability surveys obtained from SurveyMonkey users, calibrated to estimated control totals using model-assisted calibration combined with adaptive LASSO regression, or the estimated controlled LASSO, ECLASSO. Comparing the bias and root-mean-square error of ECLASSO with traditional calibration methods shows that ECLASSO can be a powerful method for adjusting non-probability surveys even when only a small sample is available from a probability survey. The methodology proposed has potentially broad application across social science and health research, as response rates for probability samples decline and access to non-probability samples increases.
Intravitreal ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: efficacy, anatomical outcomes and safety
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Choi Eun Young , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Koh Hyoung Jun , Lee Sung Chul , Kim Min 
Published: December 2018

Background/AimsTo compare the efficacy, anatomical outcomes and complications of intravitreal ranibizumab with those of laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of 314 eyes from 165 infants diagnosed with type I ROP and treated with either laser photocoagulation (161 eyes) or intravitreal ranibizumab (0.25 mg/0.025 mL) injection (153 eyes) between January 2006 and December 2016 in a tertiary referral-based hospital. The main outcome was the rate of recurrence requiring additional treatment. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of major complications and final refractive error.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 36.3±31.9 months. Recurrences requiring further intervention were noted in 22 (13.7%) laser-treated and 15 (9.8%) ranibizumab-treated eyes (p=0.196). Retinal detachment (8 vs 1, p=0.037) and macular dragging (7 vs 1, p=0.039) were observed in the laser-treated and injection-treated groups, respectively, but no systemic or neurodevelopmental adverse events were reported. In the ranibizumab group, 95.6% showed fully vascularised retinas. Multivariate analyses revealed that birth weight (OR 0.993, p=0.023) and higher ROP stage (OR 11.222, p=0.008) influenced the incidence of major complications.ConclusionIntravitreal ranibizumab for ROP appears to achieve similar therapeutic effects than did laser photocoagulation, but with fewer surgical complications such as retinal detachment or macular dragging.
Outcomes and factors affecting them in patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Kashkouli Mohsen Bahmani , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Oghazian Mitra , Hadi Yasaman , Karimi Nasser , Ghazizadeh Mahya 
Published: December 2018

AimTo report the frequency and factors affecting patients’, globe and vision survivals in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM).MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 63 patients (79 eyes) with biopsy-proven ROCM at a university hospital 2008–2016. Systemic and ophthalmic manifestations, imaging, management and final outcomes were recorded. Globe survival was defined as no exenteration and vision survival as final visual acuity of light perception and more.ResultsMean age was 55.5 (SD 12.9) years with no gender preference. Diabetes was the most common underlying disease (68.3%). Patient survival was observed in 57.1 % (36/63). Presence of frozen eye (OR 4.6), nasal mucosal involvement (OR 7.3) and shorter duration of antifungal therapy (OR 1.03) were significantly associated with lower patient survival. Exenteration did not significantly change the survival. Globe survival was detected in 43% (34/79). Higher white blood cell (WBC) count was associated with a lower globe survival (p=0.02). Vision survival was observed in 25.3% (20/79) in whom younger age was significantly associated with a worse vision survival.ConclusionPatient, globe and vision survivals were 57%, 43% and 25%, respectively. Exenteration did not affect the patients’ survival. While frozen eye and nasal mucosal involvement were significantly associated with a lower survival, higher WBC count significantly increased the risk of exenteration.
Vitamin K status, supplementation and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lees Jennifer Susan , Chapman Fiona A , Witham Miles D , Jardine Alan G , Mark Patrick B 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesVascular stiffness (VS) and vascular calcification (VC) are surrogate markers of vascular health associated with cardiovascular events. Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) are associated with VS and VC and require vitamin K for activity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of: (1) the effect of vitamin K supplementation on VS and VC and (2) association of inactive VKDP levels with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality.MethodsTwo authors searched MEDLINE and Embase databases and Cochrane and ISRCTN registries for studies of vitamin K clinical trials that measured effects on VC, VS or VKDP and longitudinal studies assessing effect of VKDP on incident CVD or mortality. Random effects meta-analyses were performed.ResultsThirteen controlled clinical trials (n=2162) and 14 longitudinal studies (n=10 726) met prespecified inclusion criteria. Vitamin K supplementation was associated with significant reduction in VC (−9.1% (95% CI −17.7 to −0.5); p=0.04) and VKDP (desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein; −44.7% (95% CI −65.1 to −24.3), p<0.0001) and uncarboxylated osteocalcin; −12.0% (95% CI −16.7 to −7.2), p<0.0001) compared with control, with a non-significant improvement in VS. In longitudinal studies with median follow-up of 7.8 (IQR 4.9–11.3) years, VKDP levels were associated with a combined endpoint of CVD or mortality (HR 0.45 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.83), p=0.02).ConclusionsSupplementation with vitamin K significantly reduced VC, but not VS, compared with control. The conclusions drawn are limited by small numbers of studies with substantial heterogeneity. VKDP was associated with combined endpoint of CVD or mortality. Larger clinical trials of effect of vitamin K supplementation to improve VC, VS and long-term cardiovascular health are warranted.Trial registration numberCRD42017060344.
Meiotic chromatid recombination and segregation assessed with human single cell genome sequencing data
Authors: Ma Jun-Yu , Yan Li-Ying , Wang Zhen-Bo , Luo Shi-Ming , Yeung William S B , Ou Xiang-Hong , Sun Qing-Yuan , Qiao Jie 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe human oocyte transmits one set of haploid genome into female pronucleus (FPN) while discards the remaining genome into the first polar body (PB1) and the second polar body (PB2). The FPN genome carries an assembly of maternal and paternal genome that resulted from homologous recombination during the prophase of the first meiosis. However, how parental genome has been shuffled and transmitted is difficult to assess by analysing only the progeny’s genome.ObjectiveTo assess meiotic chromatid recombination and segregation in human oocytes.MethodsSingle cell genome sequencing data of PB1, PB2 and FPN that originated from the same oocyte were used to analyse the human oocyte homologous chromosome interaction and segregation. To analyse whether chromosomes were non-randomly segregated into polar bodies or pronucleus, we analysed the ratio of crossover in PB2 and FPN, and constructed a model to detect the randomness of oocyte chromosome segregation.ResultsWe found that during oocyte meiosis, in addition to homologous chromosome recombination, there was also a genome conversion phenomenon which generated a non-reciprocal genetic information transmission between homologous chromosomes. We also inferred that during meiosis, DNA breaks and repairs frequently occurred at centromere-adjacent regions. From our data we did not find obvious evidence supporting the crossover number-based or SNP-based meiotic drive in oocytes.ConclusionIn addition to the crossover-based recombination, during human oocyte meiosis, a direct genome conversion between homologous chromosomes is used in some oocytes. Our findings are helpful in understanding the specific features of meiotic chromatid recombination and segregation in human oocytes.
Mortality of US astronauts: comparisons with professional athletes
Authors: Reynolds Robert J , Day Steven M 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveStudies of mortality among US astronauts are complicated by the healthy worker effect, which predicts lower mortality for astronauts than the general population based solely on the ability to become and remain an astronaut. We attempt to evaluate astronaut mortality risk while accounting for the healthy worker effect.MethodsWe compare mortality rates of male US astronauts with those of professional athletes from Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association between January 1, 1960 and May 31, 2018.ResultsBoth athlete cohorts and astronauts had significantly lower-than-expected mortality in comparison with the general population. For the overall study period, there were no significant differences in all-cause mortality rates between astronauts and athletes. Astronauts were at greater risk of death from external causes (SMR=583; 95% CI 377 to 860) and reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease (SMR=39; 95% CI 18 to 73) and all natural causes (SMR=67; 95% CI 47 to 93).ConclusionsThe data presented here do not support increased mortality for astronauts due to unique exposures received in space. The mortality experience of astronauts as compared with professional baseball and basketball players should be re-examined periodically as part of the ongoing surveillance of astronaut mortality in years to come.
Defect formation of CuI-doped by group-IIB elements
Authors: Chen Hui , Gu Mu 
Published: December 2018

First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the doping defects in CuI with group-IIB elements such as Zn, Cd and Hg. The calculated transition energies for substitutional Zn, Cd and Hg are 1.32, 1.28 and 0.60 eV, respectively. These group-IIB elements at the substitutional sites complex with a copper vacancy [Formula: see text] have the lower formation energies as compared to dopants located at the substitutional sites or interstitial sites, respectively. Among all the complex defects considered, [Formula: see text] has the lowest formation energy and it induces the acceptor level [Formula: see text] eV above the valence-band maximum (VBM), which is close to the acceptor level [Formula: see text] eV of [Formula: see text], suggesting that Hg may be a good dopant for CuI to improve its p-type conductivity.