bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel GC-FID Analytical Strategy Reveals Adulteration of Fuels by Vegetable Oil
Authors: Francescangeli Adriano , Daniele Vito , Di Lorenzo Paolo Antonio , Franco Magda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Adulteration of diesel fuel by the addition of vegetable oil is a problem that touches several countries around the world and bypasses the complexity of the specifications regarding the automotive diesel fuel distinguishing between customs, fiscal, and commercial–environmental specifications. At an international level, the adoption of the same analysis methods is important for the harmonization processes and the fluidity of the market. In this context, we assist to the diffusion of the same fraud touching several countries or continents since the limit of the same methods are common to many specifications. For several European countries, the revenue lost as a result of this adulteration consists of billions of euros per year. This enormous amount of illicit money feeds organized criminal networks with huge social and environmental damages. Objective: This work presents a GC method to quantify vegetable oils in the range of 0.2–7% (w/w) in adulterated diesel fuel, intended for use as motor fuel, with or without extraneous heavy mineral oil. Methods: Our study was realized on 100 fraudulent samples collected by the Italian fiscal police in regular oil stations and by the Italian fiscal police and customs officers as a consequence of controls on trucks transporting, in suspicious circumstances, “oil” often declared “antistick and anticorrosion oil” or “protective oil.” Conclusions and Highlights: High reliability of results, external validity, ease of replication, simple instrumentation, and sample preparation make this method well suited for a new “smart” protocol for diesel fuels analysis for customs, fiscal, and antifraud purposes.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Dock. How Persuasive Strategies Support Verbal Accounts in the Event of Loss of TrustArticle received: September 30, 2017Revised version accepted after double blind review: February 11, 2019
Authors: Hermann Thomas 
Published: September 2019

This paper conceptualizes the editor´s question of a possible trust-or-fake dilemma of Corporate Social Responsibility with a rhetorical lens on CSR-Reporting. From a rhetorical point of view, the speaker has to persuade the stakeholders as its audience of the claim: “we are socially responsible”. If the argumentation is judged by the audience as sound, it would trust the organisation. If not, the claim “we are socially responsible” will be judged as a fake. The paper concentrates on the following research questions: -	1. How do organisations employ argumentation to persuade their stakeholders of their corporate social responsibility? -	2. How do they argumentatively cope with the problem of different stakeholder demands? -	3. How do affective appeals interact with the argumentation? With the help of the rhetorical framework various concepts from trust repair literature and neo-institutional theory could be integrated to deepen our understanding of a trust or fake dilemma. Literature on CSR-reporting mainly discusses the gap between talk and action. We focus on another point, the relevance of the CSR-arguments. We introduce several concepts taken from argumentation theory like the distinction between context-abstract and field-dependent topoi and between warrant-using and warrant-establishing argumentation schemes in order to examine companies´ reactions to a loss of trust in their CSR-claim. Drawing on Mayring (2014), a mixed-method approach for content analysis was employed for the empirical analysis. The empirical case study contributed to the model building during the research process and illustrates the application of the model. We identified different phases of the verbal account strategy of Deutsche Bank. In these phases we found remarkable differences in the employment of warrant-establishing and warrant-using argumentations. We found also differences in the use of field-dependent topoi and categorized them following organisational façades.
Glycodendrimers as Potential Multitalented Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Klementieva Oxana 
Published: September 2019

Finding successful therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most challenging tasks existing for human health. Several drugs have been found and validated in preclinical studies with some success, but not with the desired breakthroughs in the following clinical development phases. AD causes multiple brain dysfunctions that can be described as a brain organ failure, resulting in significant cognitive decline. Aggregation of amyloid proteins and neuronal loss are the hallmarks of AD. Thus, one of the strategies to treat AD is to find a multifunctional drug that may combine both anti-aggregation and neuroprotective properties. Such a candidate could be chemically modified dendrimers. Dendrimers are branched, nonlinear molecules with multiple reactive groups located on their surface. Chemical modification of reactive surface groups defines the property of the dendrimers. In this chapter, I will discuss poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with the surface functionalized with histidine and maltose as an example of a multifunctional therapeutic drug candidate able to protect the memory of AD transgenic model mice.
Virtues of Renewal
Authors: Bilbro Jeffrey 
Published: September 2019

Over the past fifty years, Wendell Berry has been arguing that our most pressing ecological and cultural need is a renewed formal intelligence. Such an intelligence does not look for big, one-size-fits-all solutions. Rather, it discerns and fosters patterns of health. When W. H. Auden famously declared that “poetry makes nothing happen,” he was correct that poetry, like the other arts, doesn’t coerce matter in the way that a tractor or an oil rig or a bomb does. Yet poetry is “a way of happening,” its beauty shaping readers’ imaginations to better perceive and understand formal patterns. Such formative work fosters the deep, lasting change needed to cultivate a more sustainable culture and economy. In particular, Berry’s literary forms embody and cultivate virtues of renewal. Though our contemporary culture fears and shuns death, natural ecosystems provide a model in which death feeds new life and healthy human communities follow an analogous order. Cultures maintain such a sustainable order by practicing virtues of renewal, virtues that stand in sharp contrast to the techniques of control preferred by our industrial culture. Combining literary analysis with cultural criticism, this book argues that Berry’s literary forms shape his readers to desire and practice these virtues of renewal. Poetry can’t magically create a healthy economy, but Berry’s poetry, essays, and fiction cultivate the kind of imaginative, virtuous people who can, as he puts it, “practice resurrection.”
Disambiguating the Perceptual Assumption
Authors: Corns Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

Deroy and Auvray together with Ptito et al. have argued against what they dub ‘the perceptual assumption’, which they claim underlies all previous research into sensory substitution devices (SSDs). In this chapter, I argue that the perceptual assumption needs to be disambiguated in three distinct ways: (A) SSD use is best modelled as a known, ‘natural’ modality; (B) SSD use is best modelled as a unique sensory modality full stop; and (C) SSD use is best modelled as a perceptual process. Different theorists are variously committed to these distinct claims. More importantly, evaluating A, B, or C for rejection depends on distinct evidence of difference between SSD use and (A) each natural modality, (B) any modality, and (C) perceptual processing. I argue that even if the offered evidence of difference for A–C is granted, Auvray and Deroy’s advocated rejections are not entailed; it remains to be shown that the identified differences undermine the appropriate use of the corresponding models.
The Only Tone for Terror: Tony Harrison and the Gorgon’s Gaze
Authors: Stead Henry 
Published: September 2019

This chapter introduces the reader to Tony Harrison’s audiovisual poetry, composed for and broadcast on British television through the late 1980s and 1990s. Harrison has to date made twelve full documentary film-poems, and one film-poem feature, entitled Prometheus (1998). They all brim with the darker side of European history, current affairs and class politics, and explore what limits of what poetry might do, and how it might do it, in the televisual age. The chapter sets Harrison’s film poetry in its cultural context by paying attention to the poet’s major influences in the experimental medium (John Grierson’s GPO film unit and early Soviet filmmaking), before homing in on his 1992 film-poem The Gaze of the Gorgon as a species of social psychotherapy. The act of gazing at the Medusa-like and thus usually petrifying image of twentieth-century atrocity is offered here not as a ‘dope’ to mankind, but a stimulant towards its cure. The film-poem draws explicitly on Nietzsche’s concept of ‘Dionysiac art’ and Simone Weil’s pacifist notion of ‘force’, and Robert Jay Lifton’s work on trauma and the holocaust. Harrison’s hugely ambitious and uniquely accessible film-poems are currently publically unavailable. Are they the ‘missing link’ in the evolution of contemporary film and video poetry?
Être femme et immigrante : l’intégration socioéconomique des femmes en région nordique au Québec
Authors: Castro Carol , Villeneuve Patrick 
Published: September 2019

Cette recherche qualitative vise à mieux comprendre les facteursqui favorisent ou qui entravent l’intégrationsocioéconomique des femmes immigrantes en région nordiqueau Québec. Résultats : le discours des femmesinterviewées montre que les facteurs ayant facilité leurintégration, après quelques années en solabitibien, sont : le fait de suivre des cours de langue, lavalidation de leurs diplômes, le fait d’être encouple, la présence d’un réseau d’amis,l’intégration des enfants et la sécuritééconomique procurée par leur conjoint. Àl’inverse, les obstacles ayant nui à cetteintégration sont : les barrières linguistiques, unmanque de formations variées pour les femmes immigrantes enrégion et la non-disponibilité des certains servicesmédicaux de troisième ligne. Conclusion : cetteétude démontre la nécessité de porter uneattention particulière à l’exosystème (parex. le monde du travail ainsi que l’organisation des servicessociaux, communautaires et éducatifs) et au macrosystème(les valeurs et normes de la société d’accueil)afin que les femmes immigrantes en région nordique connaissentune intégration plus harmonieuse.
Particular skills: warrant officers in the Royal Navy, 1775–1815
Authors: Wilson Evan 
Published: September 2019

Historians of the Royal Navy in the age of sail have focused their attention on two groups of men: the commissioned officers and the lower deck. Few have bothered to study the men in the middle: the warrant officers, whose particular skills were necessary on board. Masters, pursers, chaplains, and surgeons—the warrant officers of wardroom rank—straddled the civilian and military worlds. They therefore provide a unique window into both the Royal Navy’s command structure and the continuing significance and evolution of social status boundaries in Georgian Britain. This paper focuses on warrant officers during the half-decade following the battle of Trafalgar, when British manpower resources were stretched thinly and exhausted from more than a decade of operations. Between 1805 and 1808, the Admiralty enacted a series of reforms designed to alleviate some of these problems. To make a career as a warrant officer more attractive, the reforms granted surgeons uniforms, increased surgeons’, pursers’, and masters’ pay, and gave all of them a larger share of the prize money spoils. The reforms acknowledged, both implicitly and explicitly, that warrant officers sat uncomfortably in the naval hierarchy. They were crucial to the Navy’s operations, but they lacked the social prestige and promotion prospects of commissioned officers. The reforms suggest that naval administrators were finally beginning to recognize the significance and social standing of warrant officers.
Salt water in the blood: race, indigenous naval recruitment and British colonialism, 1934–41
Authors: Spence Daniel Owen 
Published: September 2019

The British Empire reached its greatest extent at the end of the First World War, but the Royal Navy’s ability to uphold Britain’s global interests was limited by economic downturn and the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty. To mitigate this imperial overstretch, over 40,000 Asian, African, Caribbean and Pacific sailors were recruited into colonial navies and reserves by the time of the Second World War. These units physically and psychologically fortified British colonialism against internal and external dissidents, indoctrinating imperial discourses of power that reinforced racialised systems of hierarchy and control; ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ and ‘Orientalism’ delineated chains-of-command where paternalistic British officers instructed ‘native’ ratings in their ‘civilising mission’ to ‘develop’ the ‘character’ of a ‘modern’ navy. ‘Martial race’ theory, which ethnically categorised ‘natural’ soldiers, served to ‘divide and rule’ by promoting imperially-loyal groups over those threatening the status quo, and for naval recruiters a distinctly ‘seafaring race’ theory evolved around maritime semantics with a similar imperial purpose. Utilising transnational research which reconciles ‘official’ and ‘subaltern’ sources from the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia, this chapter examines the social and cultural impact of naval-indigenous interactions upon racial identities, colonial ethnic relations, imperial power and decolonisation at the end of the British Empire.
Edward Shils on pluralism and civility
Authors: Boyd Richard 
Published: September 2019

One place where Edward Shils’ writings remain prominent and particularly salient today is in contemporary debates over the concept of civility. Shils has recently been characterized as a ‘civilitarian’ for his emphasis on the importance of civility in modern society. While some participants invoke Shils’ work affirmatively, critics fear that appeals to civility serve as a mask for exclusion, repression, or the hegemony of traditional religious values. This chapter critically examines this particular rendition of Shils’ notion of civility, taking issue both with the characterization of his views of civility as well as the contention that civility is necessarily ‘conservative’, repressive, or inimical to a modern pluralistic society. Upon closer examination, I will suggest, Shils’ emphasis on civility represents a prescient acknowledgment of civility as the virtue uniquely congenial to complex, diverse, and pluralistic societies where citizens can no longer be expected to share substantive ends or purposes: a fundamentally liberal disposition borne of modern social conditions and well suited to maximizing the freedoms afforded to liberal citizens.
Overcoming the current injection issue in the 310 nm band AlGaN UVB light-emitting diode
Authors: Khan M. Ajmal , Matsuura Eriko , Kashima Yukio , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
AlGaN-based ultraviolet-B (UVB) LEDs at 310 nm emissions are expected to offer safe and smart size UVB-light sources compared to the toxic mercury UV-lamp. Previously, the issue of nonlinearity in the emitted light output power (L) as well as in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 310 nm band UVB LEDs were observed. First, the influence of both the number of n-AlGaN buffer layers (BLs) and the type of p-electrodes on the recovery of linear behavior in the L and EQE were investigated. It was found that the nonlinearity in the L and EQE of UVB LED is independent of the number of BLs as well as type of p-electrodes. Therefore, finally the dependence of nonlinearity in the L and EQE on the thickness of quantum-well-barrier (T
QWB) of multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) were also considered. Subsequently, the issue of nonlinear behavior in the L and EQE was resolved by the thickness reduction of T
QWB from 25 to 10 nm in the MQWs. Similarly, a reasonable value of improvement in both L and EQE, respectively, up to 12 mW and 2.2% of 310nm band UVB LED were realized.
Solution growth of highly crystalline and dense-packed ZnO nanorods on a TiO2 seed layer with enhanced absorbance properties
Authors: Asib N. A. M. , Afaah A. N. , Aadila A. , Husairi F. S. , Alrokayan Salman A. H. , Khan Haseeb A. , Mamat M. H. , Soga T. , Rusop M. , Khusaimi Z. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide:zinc oxide (TiO2:ZnO) nanorod thin films were deposited on glass substrates via a sol-gel spin-coating technique for deposition of a TiO2 seed layer and solution-immersion method for growth of ZnO nanorods. ZnO nanorods were grown at different molar concentrations (0.002–0.060 M) on a TiO2 seed layer annealed at 450 °C for 1 h. The surface topography of the TiO2 seed layer and structural properties of the TiO2:ZnO nanorods were characterized using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The absorbance performance has been observed by a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The seed layer improved the structures of ZnO nanorods by reducing the diameter size of the nanorods. The denser distribution of nanorods with improved crystallinity was observed at higher concentrations. At 0.060 M, the XRD peak was slightly shifted to a higher angle, attributed to decrease in tensile stress between the TiO2 seed layer and nanorods. Meanwhile, UV–vis spectra of the films displayed high absorption in the UV region and high transparency in the visible region.
Technical Note: An open source solution for improving TG‐263 compliance
Authors: Cardan Rex A. , Covington Elizabeth L. , Popple Richard A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeCompliance with TG‐263 nomenclature standards can be challenging. We introduce an open source solution to this problem and evaluate its impact on compliance within our institution.Materials/methodsThe TG‐236 nomenclature standards were implemented in our clinic in two phases. In phase 1, we deployed TG‐263 compliant templates for each disease site. In phase 2, we developed and deployed a script for evaluating compliance which presented errors to the user. After each phase the compliance was recorded.ResultsMean compliance errors prior to phase 1 was 31.8% ± 17.4%. Error rates dropped to 8.1% ± 12.2% across phase 1 and dropped further to 2.2% ± 6.9% during the automation system deployed in phase 2.ConclusionBoth structure templates and automation scripts are very useful for increasing compliance with structure naming standards. Our software solution is made available on GitHub for other institutions to implement.
Nanoscale Depth Profiling of Residual Stresses Due to Fine Surface Finishing
Authors: Everaerts Joris , Salvati Enrico , Korsunsky Alexander M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMechanical polishing is commonly used for both surface finishing and metallographic sample preparation for a broad range of materials. However, polishing causes local deformation and induces residual stress, which has an important effect on many surface phenomena. Until recently, it has not been possible to quantify the nanoscale depth variation of polishing‐induced plastic deformation (eigenstrain) and the associated residual stress. In this study, the magnitude and depth of polishing‐induced residual stress are evaluated directly by focused ion beam milling and digital image correlation using the micro‐ring‐core geometry method. Depth‐resolved residual stress profiles are obtained with sub‐micrometer resolution at the surface of a titanium alloy sample that is subjected to various polishing steps. It is found that electrochemical polishing and polishing with colloidal silica do not induce any significant residual stress. However, polishing with diamond slurry leads to the formation of compressive residual stresses of up to 300 MPa, which extend deeper into the material when larger diamond particles are used. This study paves the way for further research on polishing and its effect on surface properties.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aryl Amines and Aryldiazonium Salts under Air: Access to N‐2‐Aryl‐Naphthotriazoles
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Zeng Hao , Chen Fulin , Liu Chi , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA catalytic and step economic protocol for the construction of N‐2‐aryl‐naphthotriazoles via copper‐catalyzed cyclization of aryl amines and aryldiazonium salts is reported. With dioxygen in the air as termial oxidants under copper catalysis, various N‐2‐aryl‐naphthotriazoles were synthesized in high yields. Importantly, this protocol features the sufficient inhibition of the classic C‐N2 bond cleavage process of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under copper catalysis and the undesired dehydrogenative coupling of aryl amines under oxidative conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that a radical procedure might not be involved in this transformation. In addition, simple decoration of the obtained compounds delivers novel and attractive tetraphenylethylene moiety containing N‐2‐aryl‐naphthotriazole derivatives.magnified image
Thermo‐Phototronic‐Effect‐Enhanced Photodetectors Based on Porous ZnO Materials
Authors: Gao Tiantian , Ji Yun , Yang Ya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelf‐powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure have attracted extensive attention due to their simple configuration and the fact that they require no external power source. However, the stability of Schottky‐contact‐based ultraviolet photodetectors is still poor due to the difficulty of controlling the surface states in the semiconductor, where it is almost impossible to obtain the same Schottky barrier heights in different devices. An Ohmic‐contacted self‐powered ultraviolet photodetector with an MSM structure is constructed by utilizing porous ZnO, which can dramatically increase photodetection performance due to its thermo‐phototronic effect. The photocurrent signals of the photodetector at room temperature are 4.88 and 11.25 µA, which can be increased to 5.33 and 13.70 µA, respectively. The underlying physical mechanism of the performance enhancement is revealed through band‐diagram analysis. This work extends the types of ZnO material‐based photodetectors and holds great potential for developing high‐performance self‐powered ultraviolet photodetectors.