bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Pink Pulseless Hand as a Result of Brachıal Artery Catheterisation
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İbrahim Avşin , KÖSE Ahmet , ENGİN Muhammed Çağatay , TOPAL Murat , BİLGE Ali 
Published: March 2018

In
emergency services, Intravenous
catheters are most useful instruments to hidrate patients, administrate drugs
fast and get serial blood sample with a single invasive procedure emergency
departments. Accidentally, the venous catheters may be introduced into arteries
ending up with pulseless hands. Following up pink pulseness hands is an
important concept to rescue the extremity. The presented case is a 3-days old
infant with no trauma history to the upper extremities but showing up with
bilateral, pink, pulseless hand secondary to accidental arterial vascular
injury during venous catheterization. Pink pulseness hand treatment is still controversial
in the literature. In pink pulseness hand cases
where close monitoring can be applied, good results are obtained without
surgical exploration.
İnfertil Erkeklerde Varikoselektominin Semen Analizi ve Gebelik Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ÖĞREDEN Ercan , OĞUZ Ural , ÇIRAKOĞLU Abdullah , BENLİ Erdal , DEMİRELLİ Erhan , YALÇIN Orhan 
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Primer
infertil erkeklerde mikroskobik varikoselektomi ameliyatının semen analizi ve
gebelik üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Hastalar ve Yöntem: İki merkezde 2009-2014 yılları arasında, tek taraflı ya da bilateral
mikroskobik varikoselektomi yapılan hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak
incelendi ve kayıtları tam olan 180 primer infertil hasta çalışmaya dahil
edildi. Tüm hastalarda büyüteç olarak mikroskop ya da loop kullanılarak işlem
gerçekleştirildi. Hastaların preoperatif ve postoperatif sperm parametreleri ve
spontan gebelik oranları karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular:
Hastaların yaş ortalaması 29.6 (17-46) yıl idi. 99 (%55) hastada cerrahi
sonrası spontan gebelik sağlanırken, 81 (%45) hasta yardımcı üreme yöntemleri
için infertilite polikliniğine yönlendirildi. Sperm parametreleri
irdelendiğinde, konsantrasyonunda düzelme saptanan hasta oranı %22.7;
hareketlilikte (a+b) düzelme saptanan hasta oranı %59.4; morfolojide düzelme
saptanan hasta oranı oranı ise %51.1 olarak tespit edildi (p&lt;0.05). Sonuç: Bu
çalışma, literatür verileriyle uyumlu olarak primer infertil hastalarda
mikroskopik varikoselektominin semen analizi ve gebelik üzerine olan olumlu
katkısını ortaya koymuştur.
Cerrahi hastalarda malnutrisyon sıklığı ve morbidite ile mortalite üzerine olan etkileri
Authors: Güler Yılmaz , Tireli Mustafa 
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Genel
cerrahi servisine yatırılan benign ve malign hastalığı olan hastalardaki
malnutrisyon sıklığını saptamak, malnutrisyonun tanınmasında kullanılan
yöntemleri değerlendirmek ve malnutrisyonun postoperatif komplikasyon
gelişimindeki rolünü incelemektir.Hastalar
ve Yöntem: Şubat 2004 – Mayıs 2005 tarihleri arasında Genel Cerrahi
kliniği’nde opere edilen 723 hastada, beş ayrı yöntemle (nutrisyonel risk
indeksi, subjektif global değerlendirme, kilo kaybı oranı, serum albümin
düzeyi, vücut kitle indeksi ) malnutrisyon sıklığı araştırıldı. Medikal tedavi
alan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Hastalar uygulanan nutrisyonel destek,
komplikasyon ve mortalite yönünden takip edildi.Bulgular: Toplam
malnutrisyon oranı %30.5, ağır malnutrisyon oranı %8.9 olarak tespit edildi.
Benign hastalığı olanlarda %25.8, malign hastalığı olanlarda ise %53.3
malnutrisyon saptandı. Toplam ve hafif malnutrisyonu tespit etmede en yüksek
sıklık, Nutrisyonel Risk İndeksi ile elde edildi. Ağır malnutrisyonu tanımada
yöntemler arasında fark saptanmadı. Malnutrisyonu olmayan hastalarda
%10.9, malnutrisyonu olan hastalarda ise
%28.6 oranında komplikasyon gelişti.

Sonuç:
Malnutrisyon, cerrahi hastalarda sık karşılaşılan, komplikasyon ve mortalite
riskini önemli derecede arttıran klinik problemlerden birisidir. Preoperatif
dönemde malnutrisyonun tespit edilerek, ihtiyaç gösteren hastalara nutrisyonel
desteğin uygulanması halinde, komplikasyon sıklığı önemli derecede
azaltılabilir.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among immigrants in a low-TB burden and high immigrant receiving city of northern Italy
Authors: Di Nuzzo Mariachiara , Trentini Alessandro , Grilli Anastasio , Massoli Lorenzo , Biagi Enrico , Maritati Martina , Contini Carlo 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The constantly increasing immigration flows are influencing tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in several European countries as well as in Italy. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) incidence rate is not decreasing and, among immigrants, it occurs in a remarkable number of cases. This study aimed to provide further insights regarding EPTB among natives and immigrants in a low TB burden and high immigrant receiving setting.
Methodology: A total of 217 TB cases admitted to the University-Hospital of Ferrara from 2009 through 2015 were enrolled in the study. Clinical and demographical data including age, gender, origin, single comorbidities such as HIV status, chronic viral disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes, neoplasm, and multimorbidity were analyzed.
Results: Of the 217 cases enrolled, 60.0% were immigrants and 40.0% natives, 68.7% presented pulmonary TB and 31.3% EPTB. By binary logistic regression, we observed that female gender (O.R. (95% C.I.): 1.95 (1.08-3.50), p < 0.05), Asian origin (5.70 (2.00-16.24), p < 0.001) and multimorbidity (6.42 (2.37-17.41), p < 0.001) were significantly associated to the development of EPTB compared to PTB. Nodal TB was the most common site of reactivation (56.5% among immigrants and 27.3% among natives).
Conclusions: The data we found could be useful in increasing EPTB medical suspicion and decreasing EPTB diagnostic delay in low TB burden and high immigrant receiving settings.
Use of carbapenems and glycopepdides is significant risk for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections
Authors: Hosoglu Salih , Arslan Eyup , Aslan Emel , Deveci Özcan 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) infections are an important healthcare problem globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with MDR-Ab infections in hospitalized patients in Turkey.
Methodology: A case-control study was performed in a tertiary care 1,303-bed university hospital, among case patients with MDR-Ab infections. The hospital records of case and control patients were retrospectively evaluated over a year. Patients who were hospitalized in the same department and in the same time interval as the case patients, without MDR-Ab infection or colonization, were chosen for control group.
Demographic characteristics, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, comorbid diseases, use of invasive tools and duration of usage, and duration of use of antibiotics were recorded for all patients. Comparisons between case and control groups for possible risk factors were performed.
Results: In total, 95 cases and 95 controls were included in the study. Univariate analysis highlighted several variables as risk factors for MDR-Ab infections. Multivariate analysis showed that only antibiotic usage over seven days (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.18-4.83, p = 0.016) was found to be a significant risk factor. When antibiotic treatment patterns in both groups were compared, the use of carbapenems (p = 0.001) and glycopeptide antibiotics (p=0.001) in patient treatment were found significantly higher in the MDR-Ab case group.
Conclusion: This study showed us that previous antibiotic use is a significant risk factor for MDR-Ab infections. The use of carbapenems and glycopeptides should be considered as primary risk factors for developing MDR-Ab infection.
Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in Guilan province, northern Iran: comparison between MAT and IgM-ELISA techniques
Authors: Araghian Afshin , Elmi Ali , Farahbakhsh Mojtaba , Hosseini Simin , Faezi Sobhan 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease which is endemic in Guilan province, Iran. Besides economic losses in the dairy industry, leptospirosis is also considered an important public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate two serological techniques, MAT and IgM-ELISA for detection of leptospiral antibodies.
Methodology: A total of 185 samples were collected from individuals in Guilan province suspected of having leptospirosis from April 2016 to December 2016. Sera from participants were analyzed for Leptospira IgM antibodies using an available ELISA test and the MAT method. The specificity and sensitivity of the tests were calculated and compared.
Results: Of the 185 serum samples examined 114 (61.6%) and 94 (50.8%) samples were determined to be positive by MAT and IgM-ELISA, respectively. The results also showed that 17.5% of the sera that reacted positive in MAT were negative by IgM-ELISA, and 20.2% of IgM-ELISA positive sera were negative by MAT. We also showed that the MAT had specificity and sensitivity of 100%, when compared to leptospirosis-positive and negative serum samples. The specificity and sensitivity of IgM-ELISA was calculated as 78.8% and 82.4% respectively when compared with MAT. Bivariate analysis showed high correlation between the season, community of residence, possible reasons of pollution and leptospirosis (
A cross-sectional analysis of intestinal parasitic infections among the general population in north of Iran
Authors: Pagheh Abdol Sattar , Sharif Mahdi , Daryani Ahmad , Yazdani-Charati Jamshid , Nazar Eisa , Asfaram Shabnam , Hosseini Seyed-Abdollah , Tork Mostafa , Soosaraie Masoud , Syadatpanah Abolghasem , Gholami Shirzad , Mirshafiee Siavash , Sarvi Shahabeddin 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the most important health problems in the developing countries. Study on the prevalence of IPIs in various communities is a prerequisite for the development of appropriate control strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among the general population in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 4,788 specimens collected from 17 urban areas (2,515 samples) and 34 rural areas (2,273 samples) within January-December 2016. Fecal specimens were examined by direct wet mounting, formalin-ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen, and trichrome staining methods.
Results: The overall infection rate of intestinal parasite was 14.2% (680/ 4,788). Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were identified as the most frequent parasites. Protozoa, helminths, and polyparasitism (co-infections with two or more parasite species) were observed in 12.3%, 1.03%, and 0.85% of the specimens, respectively. Furthermore, IPIs showed a significant association with household income, place of residence, washing of vegetables, exposure to soil and season (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the findings, parasitic infections are still a major public health concern in the north of Iran that requires special attention. Therefore, the major key to success in the prevention of IPIs is the execution of some interventions, including patient screening and treatment, public education, and improvement of sanitary conditions.
Assessment of vaginal microbiota in Brazilian women with and without bacterial vaginosis and comparison with Nugent score
Authors: Oliveira Laura Maria Andrade , Diniz Cláudio Galuppo , Fernandes Aline Augusta Sampaio , Souza-Sotte Daniele Maria Knupp , Freitas Michelle Cristine Ribeiro , Machado Alessandra Barbosa Ferreira , Silva Vania Lucia 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the depletion of Lactobacillus spp. population and increase of other species, especially Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. This study aimed to investigate the vaginal microbiota structure of Brazilian women with and without BV according to Nugent Score and to assess the correlation among Nugent score and the quantification of BV-associated bacteria.
Methodology: Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay was employed to characterize the vaginal microbiota structure. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp., G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Mobiluncus sp. and M. hominis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).
Results: Clustering by PCR-DGGE revealed differences in microbial structure of the different patient groups. Gardnerella vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. were detected at high loads in BV-associated microbiota. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. showed an inverse correlation with Nugent score while the loads of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. indicated a direct correlation with this method.
Conclusions: Despite Nugent score is considered the gold standard for BV diagnosis, qPCR stands out as a useful tool for bacteria quantification and an alternative for BV diagnosis. Vaginal microbiota is a complex microbial community although there is a common core among BV and non-BV women. Investigation of vaginal microbiota structure may contribute to the development of tools for diagnosis improvement and therapeutic regimen optimization.
Perceptions towards the prescribing of antibiotics by pharmacists and the use of antibiotics in primary care in South Africa
Authors: Truter Ilse , Knoesen Brent C 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Antibiotics deserve their place a powerful pillar in modern medical care, but the development of antibiotic resistance is emerging faster than the availability of new antibiotics. This poses a major threat to public health. The primary aim was to determine the perceptions towards the prescribing of antibiotics by pharmacists and the use of antibiotics in primary care in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa.
Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted under community pharmacists during 2014. Purposive sampling was used.
Results: Eighty percent of pharmacists were of the opinion that antibiotics are overprescribed. Amoxicillin, or the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, was indicated by 87.5% of respondents as the most often dispensed in their pharmacies, with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin and azithromycin also commonly dispensed. One specific trade name product was mentioned by 43.8% of respondents as the antibiotic product they most often dispense. The most common diagnoses for which antibiotics were dispensed were upper respiratory tract infections and sinusitis. On average, more females (60.0%) were dispensed antibiotics. Most antibiotics were dispensed to adults (44.4%) and children (23.1%). On the question whether respondents were of the opinion that pharmacists should prescribe antibiotics, 50.0% indicated that they do not agree and 31.3% agreed. The main reason was because pharmacists are not qualified to diagnose. However, with further training they should be able to diagnose minor ailments and counsel patients.
Conclusions: Pharmacists had mixed opinions on whether they should be able to prescribe antibiotics. Most pharmacists were of the opinion that antibiotics are overprescribed.
Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida species at a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Pathmanathan Siva Gowri , Hussin Hazilawati , Zaini Adilahtul Bushro 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Invasive Candida infections cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Information on recent trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance in local settings is essential.
Methodology: Yeast isolates identified through standard culture methods throughout 2014 and 2015 from Hospital Ampang, Malaysia were retrospectively studied. The antifungal susceptibility of Candida species was determined using colorimetric broth microdilution method and MIC values interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints.
Results: Out of all the 149 yeast cultures collected, most were from blood (55.7%) and respiratory specimens (33.6%). Candida tropicalis was the most common (28.9%), followed by C. albicans (26.2%), C. parapsilosis (15.4%), C. glabrata (14.1%), Crytococcus neoformans (6.7%), Trichosporon asahi (3.4%), C. krusei (2.0%), C. famata, C. rugose, C. guilliermondii, C. dublinensis and Trichosporon spp. (0.7% each). Occurrence of C. tropicalis in candidaemia cases was significantly associated to presence of an underlying haematological disorder, while C. albicans isolates in blood were significantly found in absence of such disorders. The four most common Candida species isolated showed high susceptibility to amphotericin B (100%), anidulafungin (100%), micafungin (100%), caspofungin (98.4%), flucytosine (98.4%) and voriconazole (84.1%). However, drug susceptibility to itraconazole and fluconazole was comparatively lower (57.9% and 72.2%, respectively). C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were the least susceptible to these azoles.
Conclusion: Prevalence of the high number of non-albicans Candida species with slight predominance of C. tropicalis over C. albicans was observed. Low susceptibility to itraconazole among C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates and to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates warrants for continued surveillance to monitor emerging antifungal resistance.
The relationship between toxoplasmosis and different types of human tumors
Authors: Mostafa Nahed El Sayed , Abdel Hamed Enas Fakhry , Rashed Hayam El Sayed , Mohamed Salem Youssef , Abdelgawad Mohamed Soliman , Elasbali Abdelbaset Mohamed 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that may disrupt the traditional cell barriers against cancer, allowing the accumulation of oncogenic mutations over time. Our research aimed to explore the relationship between T. gondii infection and tumor development.
Methodology: The anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were tested for156 patients with tumors (51 with breast cancer, 20 with hepatoma, 20 with larynx carcinoma, 20 with squamous cell carcinoma of bone, 16 with lymphoma, 13 with brain tumor, 4 with bladder cancer and 12 with benign uterine tumor) and 90 healthy controls by using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Tissue specimens were collected from T. gondii seropositive cases for histological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations. Results: The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in the Sharkia Governorate, Egypt is significantly correlated with various types of tumors: breast cancer in 49 subjects (96.1%), and squamous cell carcinoma of bone in 16 subjects (80%). It was also present in nine cases of brain tumors. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was detected in seven cases of liver tumors and one-quarter of bladder cancer. The anti- Toxoplasma IgM was present in three patients with benign uterine tumors, one patient with a bone tumor and two patients with breast cancer. Toxoplasma cysts were detected in immunostained brain sections.
Conclusion: The correlation between T. gondii infection and tumors was established by this study indicating a significant emerging role of human toxoplasmosis in the etiology or existence of particular types of tumors.
Virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jiménez Javier , Mendoza-Orozco Mónica Ivonne , Vicente-Serrano Alejandra , Luna-Cazáres Lorena Mercedes , Feliciano-Guzmán José Manuel , Girón-Hernández Jose Antonio , Vidal Jorge Eugenio 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Among beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide variety of human disease including pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic syndrome. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) uses a variety of virulence traits to colonize and then cause damage to the host; others species of beta-hemolytic streptococci are considered as emerging pathogens for humans. Despite its recognized virulence, only few studies have investigated virulence factors of GAS strains isolated in Mexico.
Methodology: We conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of GAS strains in child illnesses in Chiapas Mexico. Virulence genes encoding proteases, DNases, superantigens, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics were investigated.
Results: During 2010, 2013 and 2014, beta-hemolytic streptococci (N=12) were isolated from cases of bacterial infections including pharyngitis and bacteremia, with a prevalence of 0.42, 0.04 and 0.20%, respectively. S. pyogenes was the most frequent species (33%) followed by S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (25%, each). Most GAS strains encoded genes for proteases: scpA, speB, spyCEP and mac (75%), followed by sdaD and sdaB (DNases) (50%), speA and speG (superantigens; 50 and 25%, respectively). The scpA gene was amplified in all S. agalactiae strains and in ~35% of SDSE strains. Strains were all susceptible to beta-lactams, cephalosporins and quinolones.
Conclusions: The present study provides evidence on the epidemiology of beta-hemolytic streptococci infecting children at the southeast Mexico, their virulence traits and sensitivity to first-line antibiotics.
Distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species at a university hospital in Northern Turkey
Authors: Calgin Mustafa Kerem , Cetinkol Yeliz 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish local resistance profiles of Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens by identifying isolates and determining their susceptibilities to commonly used antifungal agents.
Methodology: All isolates were identified to species level and amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and micafungin antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek 2 Compact Advanced Expert System (AES).
Results: The specimens consisted of 152 urines (69%), 49 blood (22%), 15 sputum (7%) and 4 wound (2%) samples. Of the 220 isolated Candida strains, the most prevalent species were Candida albicans (43.3%), Candida tropicalis (25%) and Candida parapsilosis (13.7%). In blood specimens C. parapsilosis was the dominant species (43%), followed by C. albicans (32.5%) and C. tropicalis (12.2%). Overall resistance to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and micafungin was 7.3%, 10%, 9.4%, 7.3%, 2% and 6.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Due to the increase in patient populations at risk of Candida infections, rational treatment planning and resistance rates should be checked along with antifungal susceptibility testing on C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis isolates.