bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Produced Water Quality Discharge into the Sea by Using Hungry Bacteria
Authors: Pedenaud Pierre , Baldoni-Andrey Patrick , Breton Audrey , Segues Bertrand , Demangel Anne , Jacob Matthieu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The technology consists on using microorganisms in biofilm in order to remove the toxicity of produced water, at low cost with a low footprint for offshore sites.
For a long time, the concentration of oil-in-water was the unique specification for water disposal into the sea. With a new European regulation and worldwide evolution, the environmental performance includes also the demonstration of toxicity removal close to the production site.
Worldwide, the quantity of produced water is increasing continuously year after year of production. Even if produced water reinjection is the favorite option within TOTAL, a large part of produced water is still released into the sea.
The technologies, currently implemented offshore, are not always sufficient to comply with this regulatory evolution: suspended hydrocarbons are well treated but dissolved compounds are not. Biological treatment can reduce the toxicity of wastewater as it will biodegrade organic pollution such as phenols, mono or Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons. But the size of conventional biotreatment equipments is not compatible with the offshore constraints.
Among biotreatment systems, a technology called MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) which involves bacteria organized in biofilm attached to supports, demonstrated a strong robustness compared to conventional activated sludge. The size reduction of equipments induced by MBBR has never been evaluated on saline produced water.
Lab trials demonstrated the potential of biodegradation for saline water. The team wanted to reduce the size of equipments by dividing by at least 20 the residence time of the bioreactor.
Lab experiments with supported biomass demonstrated the efficiency of the system on produced water containing up to 15% of salinity. The ecotoxicity measured on sensitive species was removed and the concentration of hydrocarbons was drastically reduced (&lt;3 mg/L).
The experimental pilot (0.5-4 m3/h) was operated for 10 months until May 2017 in South West of France on a production site. With only 30 min residence time, the toxicity was reduced by 85% where usual biotreatments require 24 hours of residence time.
The pilot is equipped with a final step including membrane filtration with reverse osmosis in order to demonstrate the feasibility of desalination for water reuse.
The technology is the first compact biological treatment. Stakes are huge. For a flowrate 20000 bpd, the investment cost for a TOTAL site offshore is today close to 40M$. This cost is estimated at 10M$, the footprint is divided by 3 and the weight reduced by 2 compared to extraction process. It is now possible to implement a biotreatment offshore.
Human Error - Fresh Thinking for Managing Non-Compliant Behaviors
Authors: Bridle Peter V. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
1912. The RMS Titanic steams toward a known ice field while maintaining close to full speed…
1986. The Challenger space shuttle takes off despite a known problem with a critical component requiring NASA to circumvent and by-pass its own safety rules to make the launch time.
1987: The "Herald of Free Enterprise" a roll-on/roll-off car ferry leaves the port of Zeebrugge in Belgium with its bow door open. This is not an uncommon practice when ferry crossings fall behind schedule.
2005. Operators at the Texas City refinery routinely overfill a distillate column as part of normal start-up practices, even though this is seen as an unacceptable procedural violation.
2010. The offshore drillship "Deepwater-Horizon" is seriously behind schedule on the Macondo well and with ever rising operating costs, there is an immediate desire to finish the job. And while the crews have been congratulated for a "safe job", the same can't be said of key barriers to prevent catastrophic loss.

What do these all have in common? Simple… Human Error
Despite spanning almost a hundred years, in each and every case, the past experience of those involved conspired with an operating culture that had "normalized" elevated levels of risk. Any yet, when disaster stuck, it was met with utter disbelief and questions around how this could possibly have ever happened.
Bowtie Barriers - Adding Offense to Defensive Risk Reduction Models
Authors: Haydock Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Defensive risk reduction models are typically reactive elements. These can be improved by adopting offensive strategies that are reaching outwards to gather critical data to inform on barrier performance, and enhance improvements in advance of the next potential unwanted event.
Practical techniques to add strategies of offense to defensive barrier risk reduction models are available, through the capabilities of bowtie barrier management. These can be fully capitalized with systems and software at an enterprise level. Specifically, an offensive approach uses the ability to combine risk, audit, incident and maintenance system or barrier-state data onto bowtie barriers for a fourfold view of barrier condition. This enables a more offensive stance: predictions of barrier decay or weakness, followed by improvement strategies and follow-up.
A critical four-corned risk and incident reduction strategy is presented: Risk: What are the major risks in our organisation and how are we managing them?Audits: Is each barrier in place and maintained as required?Incidents: Across one or several incidents, what barriers have been involved, and did they fail or perform as expected?Systems: What systems and system components are degraded or offline today and which barriers are therefore affected?
Collation of this data can be performed by choosing a risk element that is common and available to all of the four elements – namely, a bowtie barrier. By using the visual aspects of a bowtie barrier to become the repository for all the relevant data, interpretation, indication and improvement is enhanced. Enterprise risk systems on suitable bowtie-based servers can bring all relevant data under one warehouse and improve access, consistency and shared risk reduction opportunities. Just as each barrier can become a hub for the capture and analysis of dynamic data, a server-based risk analysis warehouse for the enterprise promotes use of various forms of captured data for the scrutiny and improvement of barriers.
Moving from Conflict to Engagement with a Marginalised Community in Iraq Generates Mutual Trust, Improved Security and Business Continuity
Authors: Skerritt B. , Boyd C. , Al-Mudhaffar H. , McDonald J. , Roscoe A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper will demonstrate that, instead of building higher security fences, the process of understanding marginalised and engaging with neighbouring communities is key to building relationships and neutralising hostility. It describes how the Rumaila Operating Organisation (the consortium), managing Iraq's largest oilfield - which generates 40% of the country's GDP - dealt with major unrest that forced the shutdown of operations. The situation was resolved by a sustainable community development program, based on thorough research and needs analysis.
The Rumaila oilfield must inject over 2 million barrels of industrial water/day by 2025 in order to continue producing 1.4 million barrels of oil/day. In 2013 construction to achieve this increased capacity from the Qarmat Ali Water Treatment Plant was halted for six months by gunfire, stone-throwing, violence and intimidation by the neighbouring community. They harbour a deep mistrust of outsiders; Saddam Hussein drained their marshes and persecuted them. A new approach was needed and Sheiks representing warring factions within the community were brought together by the organisation for the first time to identify the community's concerns and needs.
The new engagement approach was aimed at building mutual respect and trust, initially via the women, with these wary communities. This entry centres on stakeholder analysis and relationship-building in southern Iraq, which has significant security challenges, and how previously warring tribes are now coming together in the ‘Beautiful Game’ of football. The activities of 2013-15 laid the foundations for community engagement, while the period 2015-17 sought to reinforce these relationships together with a focus on delivering Social Investment projects centred on health, education, sport and recreation as part of the Rumaila Social Welfare Fund. The engagement and investment work undertaken by the consortium is also intended to support a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals1 in respect of community development and equity.
In addition, while community unrest was the catalyst for a root and branch review of community relations in Qarmat Ali, during this later period the consortium proactively engaged with villages in North Rumaila – communites that also neighbour the oilfield, and with similar social issues and challenges as Qarmat Ali. But here, the engagement wasn't prompted by community protest, rather by a systematic review and assessment of stakeholders and their relative needs.
Challenges and Effective Strategy for Managing Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene at Onshore Remote Environments of Garraf, Iraq Operation
Authors: Badzri Shairizal B , Bakar Ahmal Kamal , Clare Vanessa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Working in remote oil and gas operations of PETRONAS Carigali Iraq Operation in Garraf, Iraq presents a multitude of health challenges including significant delays to medical diagnosis and treatment.
In addition, remote areas like Garraf are susceptible to significant environmental exposures, predominantly risks of communicable diseases with limited access to basic necessities, extreme temperatures during summer (up to 55°C); limited medical expertise and communication as well as security threats. These factors further post risks to personnel working in the area to suboptimal medical care – including unnecessary and delayed medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) as well as suboptimal care during transport.
This paper describes the challenges faced at Garraf Operations as well as the Occupational and Industrial Hygiene (OH/IH) strategies adopted to minimize and manage associated risks. Planning and preventive controls discussed in this paper includes but not limited to, fitness to work, fatigue management, heat stress management, food and water hygiene, health and wellness programmes as well as substance misuse programme. Proactive and comprehensive identification of a country's limitations is essential in determining the most effective and efficient recovery plan. Additionally, site location, situational factors as well as thorough Health Risk Assessment shall be considered when establishing Medical Emergency Response Plan (MERP).
In short, plans and strategies adopted by PETRONAS Carigali Iraq Operations in managing OH/IH challenges could be replicated and/or referenced as lessons learnt when operating in remote locations.
Remoção cirúrgica de odontoma composto em maxila com achado tomográfico sugestivo de cisto do ducto nasopalatino
Authors: Lacerda-Santos Jhonatan Thiago , Granja Gélica Lima , Dos Santos Jalber Almeida , Araújo-Filho José Cadmo Wanderley Peregrino de , Freire Julliana Cariry Palhano , Dias-Ribeiro Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

Os odontomas são lesões benignas, que se apresentam com maior frequência nos maxilares e são encontrados com rotina em exames radiográficos. São classificados em composto, complexo e misto. O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar um caso sobre remoção cirúrgica de odontoma composto em região anterior da maxila de um paciente de 18 anos, do sexo masculino e também destacar um achado tomográfico de um possível cisto do ducto nasopalatino. O tratamento proposto foi a exérese da lesão em ambiente ambulatorial sob anestesia local, através de acesso envelope na região palatina e triangular em região vestibular. O paciente está em acompanhamento clínico radiográfico durante sete meses e não apresenta sinais de recidiva.Descritores: Cirurgia Bucal; Odontoma; Anormalidades Dentárias; Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico.
Conscientização sobre hábitos relacionados ao sono no interior do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Corrêa Camila de Castro , Campos Leticia Dominguez , Weber Silke Anna Theresa 
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Na semana do dia 15 de março, são realizadas ações pelo mundo para a conscientização sobre o sono. Para tal missão, a Associação Brasileira do Sono conta com a coordenação de um membro associado por cidade, responsável por organizar atividades na sua região. Objetivo: descrever as ações de promoção de saúde desenvolvidas nas cidades do interior paulista na semana do sono do ano de 2017. Métodos: Foram realizadas parcerias com universidades, hospitais, empresas e estabelecimentos comerciais para a realização de palestras com conteúdos gerais de higiene do sono, a influência das tecnologias de comunicação na qualidade do sono e conteúdos específicos do sono em trabalhadores de turno. Resultados: As palestras aconteceram nos seguintes locais: FEMSA Coca-cola, Bauru/SP, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru USP, Bauru/SP , Faculdade de Agudos FAAG, Agudos/SP, Universidade do Sagrado Coração USC, Bauru/SP, Faculdade Marechal Rondon, São Manuel/SP, Hospital das Clínicas – Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Hospital Estadual de Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Açaí da Barra / Avenida Getúlio Vargas, Bauru/SP, Caminhada do 2° movimento pro sono, Bauru/SP e Coca-cola Lençóis Paulista/SP. Dessa forma, as ações abrangeram desde crianças, adolescentes, universitários e idosos de cinco cidades do interior paulista. Foram abordadas 489 pessoas diretamente, além da disponibilização de cartilhas extras nesses mesmos ambientes em áreas de grande circulação de pessoas. Conclusão: As ações do interior paulista ocorreram de modo abrangente, atuando na população universitária até com grupos de idosos. Sugere-se que ações como esta sejam replicadas, abrangendo número ainda maior de participantes, em diferentes regiões.Descritores: Sono; Promoção da Saúde; Exposições Educativas.
Microscopic mechanisms of soil moisture related to hydromulching
Authors: Jian Gu , Guanghua Yin , Ningning Ma , Zhan-xiang Sun , Xue Li , Shijie Wang , Xiaole Zhou 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Hydromulching is a new mulch product which has positive effects on soil moisture conservation and the inhibition of evaporation. However, current research on its soil moisture conservation effect has mainly adopted the field fixed-point observation method, rather than revealing the soil moisture conservation mechanism from the microstructure of the hydromulching. This paper applied spectrum analysis technology to observe the structure and micromorphological features of hydromulching, which will be able to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture conservation. Three types of hydromulching, based on laboratory preparation, were used to analyze the mechanism of soil moisture, using the infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results showed that −OH generates intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); the hydrogen bonds were formatted between the molecules of the two components, strengthening their compatibility, which increased the effectiveness of the hydromulching and created a dense mesh structure. ESEM observation results showed that preparation 1's hydromulching coverage had good effects, while preparations 2 and 3 performed poorly. Therefore, we can conclude that hydromulching effectively cements soil particles. Then it can generate the soil membrane structure to reduce evaporation and improve soil moisture conservation function.
DNA Fragmentation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Docking Study of Novel Bis Spiro-cyclic 2-oxindole of Pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-dione Derivatives Against Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamed Magda F. , Abdelmoniem Amr Mohamed , Elwahy Ahmed H.M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Recently, it is reported that heterocycles containing pyrimidoquinoline
moiety show a broad spectrum of medicinal and pharmacological properties including anticancer,
anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory activities, analgesic and antiviral. In additions, spirocyclicoxindole
containing compounds represent an important class of compounds that exhibit wide range
of biological properties. The asymmetric chiral spiro carbon is considered to be the main criteria of
the bioactivities. Spirooxindole structures represent the main skeleton for various alkaloids and
pharmaceutically important compounds. Among them, the naturally occurring pyrrolidinylespirooxindole
alkaloid, horsifiline that exhibits anticancer activity against human brain cancer cell lines.

Objective:
The objective of this study is the synthesis of novel bis spiro-cyclic 2-oxindole of
pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives and evaluate the anticancer activity of new compounds for
synergistic purpose. Different genetic tools were used in an attempt to know the mechanism of action
of this compound against breast cancer.

Method:
An efficient one pot synthesis of bis spiro-cyclic 2-oxindole derivatives of pyrimido[4,5-
b]quinoline-4,6-dione using 6-aminouracil, bis-isatin and dimedone has been developed. The cytotoxic
effect against different human cell lines MCF7, HCT116 and A549 cell lines was evaluated.
The derivative 6a, was found the most encouraging compound in this series and it was selected for
molecular studies against MCF7.

Results:
Our data indicated that compound 6a is an attractive target for breast cancer, as it inhibits
proliferation, cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. This inhibition is mediated
by fragmentation of genomic DNA, up-regulation of [caspase-3, tumor suppressor gene p53, and
pro-apoptotic gene BAX], and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene. In additions it caused
cell cycle arrest in S phase. This work provides an evidence of the potent effect of the new compound
6a and assists in the progress of new healing agents for cancer.

Conclusion:
We have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of novel bioactive bis spirocyclic
2-oxindole derivatives incorporating pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives. Most of our new
derivatives give potent cytotoxic effect more than the standard drug Fluorouracil (5-FU) especially,
compound 6a which was the most active and promising one in this series against MCF7, HCT116,
and A549 cell lines.
Best Prophylactic Strategy in Groups at Risk of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome Development: Comparison Between Atropine Instillation and Adrenaline Intracameral Injection
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Arnoffi Paolo , Tridico Federico 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) is an important cause of surgical complications and iris defects in patients undergoing phacoemulsification that were treated with selective subtype α1A receptor antagonists for a long period of time. To date, no definitive preventive strategy has emerged, yet. The need of prophylaxis is dictated by the high prevalence of males affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing cataract surgery.

Objective:
To identify the best prophylactic strategy in groups at risk of IFIS development by comparing two mydriatic treatments in course of phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods:
81 eyes of 81 patients in treatment with Tamsulosin were enrolled in the study. 43 eyes were treated with atropine sulfate 1% while 38 eyes received an injection of mydriatic solution containing epinephrine in the anterior chamber. All phacoemulsifications were videotaped in order to assess the occurrence of IFIS and the severity of the syndrome.

Results:
The treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.0115) of floppy iris syndrome incidence, from 86.05% (37/43) of the atropine group to 60.53% (23/38). The analysis showed a reduction of IFIS mild form only, whereas the incidence of severe forms remained unchanged.

Conclusions:
We believe that IFIS may arise through two different mechanisms: pharmacological antagonism and anatomical modifications. Patients suffering from mild forms of the disease showed a statistically significant reduction of IFIS incidence after intraoperative prophylaxis due to epinephrine’s ability to displace Tamsulosin, resulting in the increase of iris tone when the disease is caused mainly by receptorial antagonism. On the contrary, prophylaxis does not deliver any valuable result in case of severe forms where the anatomical variations play a major role.
Preventive Services Utilization Among Cancer Survivors Compared to Cancer-free Controls
Authors: Uhlig Annemarie , Uhlig Johannes , Strauss Arne , Trojan Lutz , Lotz Joachim , Hosseini Ali Seif Amir 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:To summarize the current evidence on preventive services utilization in cancer survivors.Methods:A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted in February 2016. Studies were included if they compared the utilization of influenza vaccination, cholesterol/lipid testing, bone densitometry, or blood pressure measurement among survivors of adulthood cancer to cancer-free controls. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool estimates.Results:Literature search identified 3740 studies of which 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Cancer survivors were significantly more likely to utilize bone densitometry (OR=1.226, 95% CI: 1.114 – 1.350, p<0.001) and influenza vaccination (OR=1.565, 95% CI: 1.176 – 2.082, p=0.002) than cancer-free controls. No statistically significant differences were detected for blood pressure measurement and cholesterol/lipid testing (OR=1.322, 95% CI: 0.812 – 2.151, p=0.261; OR=1.046, 95% CI: 0.96 – 1.139, p=0.304).Conclusions:Cancer survivors were more likely to receive influenza vaccinations and bone densitometry. Future studies should evaluate underlying mechanisms and whether the utilization of preventive services translates into prolonged survival of cancer survivors.Implications for Cancer Survivors:Our meta-analysis demonstrated cancer survivors to be more likely to receive the preventive services such as influenza vaccination and bone densitometry than cancer free controls. Still, these results should be interpreted in the context of suboptimal utilization of preventive services in general, and for cancer survivors in specific. Future research should evaluate the underlying mechanisms and whether utilization of preventive services is associated with overall survival in cancer survivors.
Inšpirácia Svätého písma. Komentár k 3. kapitole Dei Verbum
Authors: Tyrol Anton 
Published: April 2018

Konstytucja dogmatyczna Dei Verbum jest doskonałą pomocą do ożywienia duchowości współczesnego człowieka, ponieważ w najwłaściwszy sposób ukazuje problemy wiary w wymiarze personalnym: Objawienie Boże, Tradycję i Boskie natchnienie. Ich zrozumienie teologiczne przeniosła na Stary i Nowy Testament, a rozdział VI konstytucji przedstawia praktyczne uwagi dla życia wierzących. Rozdział o Boskim natchnieniu ułatwia nam głębsze przeżywanie Bożej obecności w codziennym korzystaniu z Pisma Świętego. W ten sposób pomaga nam lepiej zrozumieć wielkość daru, jakim jest dla nas Pismo Święte.