bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxometric Analysis of Secure Base Script Knowledge in Middle Childhood Reveals Categorical Latent Structure
Authors: Waters Theodore E.A. , Facompré Christopher R. , Dujardin Adinda , Van De Walle Magali , Verhees Martine , Bodner Najda , Boldt Lea J. , Bosmans Guy 
Published: February 2019

Taxometric investigation of scripted attachment representations in lateadolescence and adulthood suggests that variations in secure base script knowledge consist of differences in degree (dimensional latent structure) rather than differences in kind (categorical latent structure). However, the latent structure of secure base script knowledge in younger cohorts has gone unexplored. This study presents a downward extension of prior taxometric work using the middle childhood version of the Attachment Script Assessment in a cross‐sectional sample of 639 normative‐risk children (age 8 to 13 years; M = 10.77, SD = 1.06). Results suggest that secure base script knowledge in middle childhood is categorically distributed. Taxometric curves revealed three distinct taxa, highlighting discontinuity in the latent structure of scripted attachment representations across development.
The impact of a General Practitioner‐led community paediatric allergy clinic: A service evaluation
Authors: El‐Shanawany Isobel R. , Wade Charlotte , Holloway Judith A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe NHS is not meeting the nation's allergy needs. There are insufficient allergy specialists, with variable care across the country. General practitioners (GPs) are lacking in allergy training. London's Whittington Hospital created a GP with Special Interest (GPwSI) community paediatric allergy clinic, running alongside pre‐existing hospital clinics, to address local unmet needs, aiming to provide equity for patients, improve patient experience and decrease secondary care burden.ObjectivesTo establish whether improvements have occurred within the service by introducing a GPwSI‐led community paediatric allergy clinic alongside providing GP education and referral pathways. This study asks: (a) Have allergy‐related hospital attendances decreased with the provision of the community service? (b) Are patients seen in the appropriate clinic? (c) What proportion of patients require GPwSI follow‐up? (d) Is there good patient satisfaction? (e) Have allergy clinic waiting times changed?MethodsNumbers of allergy‐related hospital attendances and waiting times in 2013, 2014 and 2016 were assessed. Data were analysed regarding proportions of patients requiring GPwSI follow‐up or referral from the GPwSI community clinic to hospital. Patient satisfaction was assessed.ResultsSince introducing the GPwSI community service the burden on secondary care has decreased, with reduced hospital attendances for allergy clinic patients, although waiting times have increased. In 2013, 65% of allergy clinic patients attended other hospital services for allergy‐related complaints prior to their first allergy clinic appointment. This was reduced to 27.3% (community) and 36.9% (hospital) in 2014 and maintained in 2016 (27.5% community and 37.5% hospital), P < 0.01. Patient satisfaction in the hospital and community clinics is very high.Clinical RelevanceThis integrated, multidisciplinary Paediatric Allergy Service could provide a model to improve the unmet allergy need both in the UK and beyond. This GPwSI model could also be applied to other chronic diseases in both adults and children, improving care beyond allergy.
Physical exercise and Prader‐Willi syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Morales Javier S. , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Pareja‐Galeano Helios , Rincón‐Castanedo Cecilia , Rubin Daniela A. , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the acute responses of individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) to physical exercise, and on the effectiveness of long‐term exercise interventions to improve the clinical manifestations of this syndrome.Design/methodsRelevant articles were identified in the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus (from inception to December 2018). Twenty‐two studies including a total of 356 patients with PWS met all inclusion criteria and were included in the review.ResultsPatients with PWS present with a decreased physical performance and impaired cardiorespiratory (maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate recovery after exercise) and hormonal (growth hormone release) responses to exercise. Most long‐term exercise interventions have proven to decrease body mass while improving physical performance. Some benefits have also been reported in biochemical (glucose homeostasis, lipid profile) and biomechanical (gait pattern) variables, although there is controversy regarding the effects on body composition. No exercise‐related adverse events have been reported in patients with PWS.ConclusionPhysical exercise seems to be safe and effective for improving several phenotypes in PWS, notably physical fitness. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and especially to corroborate whether exercise per se or combined with dietary intervention is an effective coadjuvant treatment for reducing body mass in these patients.
Immediate placement of tapered implants with a moderately rough anodized surface and smooth collar in fresh extraction sockets: A retrospective analysis with 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mura Priamo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited long‐term data on hard‐ and soft‐tissue outcomes of implants immediately placed in postextraction sockets with immediate or early loading.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of immediately placed anodized tapered implants in consecutive patients with at least 10 years of follow up.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective analysis evaluated outcomes of 61 consecutive patients who received 89 tapered implants with an anodized implant body and machined collar. Implants were placed in fresh extraction sites and functionalized using an immediate‐ or early‐loading protocol. Outcome measures included survival, marginal bone level change (ΔMBL), and papilla index.ResultsThe 10‐year cumulative survival rate was 100%. ΔMBL at the 10‐year follow up was −0.86 ± 2.10 mm. At 10 years, patients had mesial and distal papilla index scores of 2 or 3 for 95.9% and 87.8% of implants, respectively.ConclusionsWhen used for immediate placement and immediate‐ or early‐loading protocols, this implant produced excellent long‐term hard‐ and soft‐tissue outcomes.
Colorectal trainees in the UK struggle to meet JAG certification standards in colonoscopy by the end of their training
Authors: Malik K. I. , Siau K. , Dunckley P. , Ward S. T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimColonoscopy certification in the UK is taken in two parts – provisional and full – mandating lifetime procedure counts of 200 or 300, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the number of procedures performed by colorectal trainees by the end of training compared with their gastroenterology peers and to determine the factors associated with achieving the 300‐procedure target for full certification.MethodDates of entry onto the specialist register were obtained from the General Medical Council. This list was cross‐referenced with procedure counts from the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG) Endoscopy Training System database to determine the number of colonoscopies and polypectomies performed during training. Factors associated with achieving 300 procedures were analysed by logistic regression.ResultsProcedures numbers were obtained for 234 gastroenterology and 148 colorectal surgery trainees. Over the last 5 years, the number of colonoscopies performed during training has declined for colorectal surgery trainees but increased for gastroenterology trainees. Gastroenterology trainees are more likely to achieve provisional and full certification. For trainees completing training in 2017, 19% of colorectal surgery trainees compared with 88% of gastroenterology trainees were able to reach the threshold of 300 procedures for full certification.ConclusionColorectal surgery trainees lag behind their gastroenterology counterparts in accruing endoscopy experience. This affects the ability of colorectal surgery trainees to achieve certification prior to completion of training. An urgent debate is required to decide what endoscopy training is required of a colorectal surgeon and how a robust training system can be put in place to ensure this is achieved.
Epstein‐Barr virus latent gene EBNA‐1 genetic diversity among transplant patients compared with patients with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Sullivan Katie , Isabel Sandra , Khodai‐Booran Nasser , Paton Tara A. , Abdulnoor Mariana , Dipchand Anne I. , Hébert Diane , Ng Vicky L. , Allen Upton D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAs a step toward evaluating the association between Epstein‐Barr virus genetic diversity and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), we conducted a preliminary study to compare the genetic diversity of the EBNA‐1 gene among transplant patients and patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM).MethodsWe sequenced the EBNA‐1 gene in blood samples from study subjects using Sanger methodology. The sequences were aligned with a reference strain and compared with publicly available sequences.ResultsWe analyzed 33 study samples and 25 publicly available sequences along with the reference strain B95‐8. The evaluable samples were from sixteen patients with IM (median age 14.0 years, range 2‐24) and 17 transplant patients. There were six children without PTLD (median age 1.93 years, range 0.79‐7.46) and 11 who developed PTLD (median age 5.67 years, range 0.96‐17.45). A predominant EBNA‐1 variant (P‐thr) was identified across the study groups. Differences were observed between the samples from the IM patients compared with the transplant samples.ConclusionThe predominant EBNA‐1 strain is in contrast to reports of the predominant strain in North America. The results suggest differences between the EBNA‐1 strains among the study groups. Further studies will examine the relationship between EBNA‐1 strains and PTLD occurrence and outcomes.
Twelve weeks of exercise modality in hypoxia enhances health‐related function in obese older Korean men: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Hun‐Young , Jung Won‐Sang , Kim Jisu , Lim Kiwon 
Published: February 2019

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of exercise intervention in hypoxia as a novel treatment method for obesity in older men.MethodsA total of 24 obese 65–70‐year‐old Korean men (66.5 ± 0.8 years) were randomly assigned to undergo hypoxic training (n = 12) or normoxic training (n = 12), and all participants carried out an exercise intervention composed of aerobic exercise on a treadmill (30 min) and bicycle (30 min), and resistance exercise (30–40 min) in normoxia, and 3000‐m normobaric hypoxia separately for a total of 12 weeks, three times a week. Health‐related dependent variables (body composition, physical fitness, pulmonary function and heart rate variability) were evaluated at pre‐ and post‐exercise intervention.ResultsHypoxic training showed more improved body composition (bodyweight −5.68 vs −3.16 kg, %body fat −5.50 vs −1.97%, fat‐free mass 2.09 vs 1.06 kg), physical fitness (chair sit‐to‐stand 5.67 vs 4.58, pegboard 3.58 vs 2.17, tandem test −1.74 vs −1.31 s, one leg standing 6.27 vs 3.71 s), pulmonary function (forced vital capacity 0.15 vs 0.02 L, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 0.23 vs 0.01 L, percent of forced expiratory volume in 1 s 0.87 vs 0.08, maximal voluntary ventilation 5.26 vs 2.22 L) and heart rate variability (high frequency 0.94 vs 0.19 ms2, low frequency/high frequency −0.28 vs −0.08, salivary cortisol −0.13 vs −0.04 μg/dL) than normoxic training.ConclusionsCompared with normoxic training, hypoxic training is a novel and successful health promotion method in obese older populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 311–316.
Massively parallel sequencing analysis of benign melanocytic naevi
Authors: Lozada John R , Geyer Felipe C , Selenica Pier , Brown David , Alemar Barbara , Merghoub Taha , Berger Michael F , Busam Klaus J , Halpern Allan C , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Hollmann Travis J 
Published: February 2019

AimsMelanocytic naevi are benign lesions of the skin or mucosa that may constitute non‐obligate precursors of malignant melanoma, particularly when they show lentiginous and dysplastic features. The aim of this study was to investigate the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in melanocytic naevi.Methods and resultsDNA extracted from 12 melanocytic naevi and DNA from matching normal tissue were separately microdissected and subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing of ≥300 cancer genes. A median of 5.5 (range 1–12) non‐synonymous somatic mutations were detected, with 10 cases harbouring mutually exclusive BRAF V600E (6/12) or NRAS (4/12) clonal hotspot mutations. One of the two cases lacking BRAF and NRAS mutations was a dysplastic naevus harbouring an HRAS Q61L hotspot mutation. Analysis of the laser‐capture microdissected components of a naevus synchronously diagnosed with in‐situ and invasive malignant melanoma revealed a truncal, clonal BRAF V600E mutation, and the acquisition of a CDKN2A homozygous deletion in the invasive component, in conjunction with additional clonal mutations affecting NF2, FAT4 and KDR in both in‐situ and invasive malignant components.ConclusionMelanocytic naevi harbour recurrent BRAF V600E or NRAS hotspot mutations with low mutational burdens. Our findings also show that progression from naevi to malignant melanoma may be driven by the acquisition of additional genetic alterations, including CDKN2A homozygous deletions.
Liquid fragility determination of oxide glass‐formers using temperature‐modulated DSC
Authors: Bechgaard Tobias K. , Gulbiten Ozgur , Mauro John C. , Yue Yuanzheng , Bauchy Mathieu , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlass‐forming liquids exhibit a pronounced diversity in the viscosity‐temperature relation. This has been characterized by the liquid fragility index to quantify the extent of the non‐Arrhenian flow. Precise and accurate determination of liquid fragility is important for understanding a range of phenomena and controlling industrial glass melting processes. In this study, we use temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TM‐DSC) to determine liquid fragility of a wide range of oxide compositions, including tellurites, borates, and silicates. We compare our fragility data to those determined using viscometry and the Moynihan DSC approach. We find that TM‐DSC is a useful method for determination of fragility, as it exhibits higher sensitivity and provides an easier and more reliable determination of characteristic temperatures compared to the Moynihan approach. Moreover, TM‐DSC is faster and requires smaller sample volume compared to the viscometric approach. However, we also observe that TM‐DSC tends to either overestimate or underestimate the fragility of very strong and highly fragile compositions, respectively.
Phase stability of rare earth sesquioxides with grain size controlled in the nanoscale
Authors: Kimmel Giora , Shneck Roni Z. , Lojkowski Witold , Porat Ze'ev , Chudoba Tadeusz , Mogilyanski Dmitry , Gierlotka Stanislaw , Ezersky Vladimir , Zabicky Jacob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRare earth oxides are important materials due to their chemical and physical properties. The rare earth sesquioxides (RESOXs) possess a cubic, monoclinic, or hexagonal structure, depending on pressure, temperature and ionic radius. When RESOXs take the form of single crystalline grains with diameter in the nanoscale range (nanocrystals), it is suspected that the grain size determines the phase stability as well. RESOXs with medium ionic radius such as Gd2O3, Eu2O3 and Sm2O3 in the low temperature range up to 900°C may take the monoclinic structure or the cubic structure, depending on the synthesis process. The structure determining factor can be, besides temperature, also the grain size. In order to determine the stable structure taking into account grain size as a parameter, we produced Gd2O3 and Sm2O3 nanocrystals embedded in a neutral MgO matrix. This way, we prevented grain growth during annealing. For comparison, we annealed pure Gd2O3 and Sm2O3 nanocrystals in which temperature increase caused grain growth, as in traditional experiments for phase stability determination. We have shown that for coarse grained materials at low temperature monoclinic is the stable structure. For nano‐sized crystallites, cubic is the stable structure. This explains the controversial results as far as which phase is the stable one below 900°C and permits to program the needed structure by controlling crystallization kinetics and grain growth.
Synthesis and thermal stability of (Co,Ni)O solid solutions
Authors: Mohammadkhani Saeed , Schaal Emmanuel , Dolatabadi Ali , Moreau Christian , Davis Boyd , Guay Daniel , Roué Lionel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract(Co,Ni)O solid solutions are considered as promising protective materials of O2‐evolving anodes for Al production. In this context, two solid‐state synthesis methods, namely high‐energy ball milling (HEBM) and calcination, have been evaluated for the synthesis of (Co,Ni)O solid solutions. In all cases, CoxNi1−xO solid solutions can be formed over the whole composition range. However, undesired WC contaminant is observed using the HEBM method due to the erosion of the milling tools. Their thermal stability in air has been analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzes (TGA) complemented by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. It is shown that CoxNi1−xO solid solutions are stable at 1000°C over the whole composition range whereas they are only stable for x ≤ 46 and x ≤ 22 at 800°C and 700°C, respectively. For higher Co contents, the formation of Co3O4 is observed. This is a relevant information for their future use for Al production, which can be done at different temperatures (~700‐1000°C) depending of the electrolyte composition.
“I changed and hid my old ways”: How social rejection and social identities shape well‐being among ex‐prisoners
Authors: Kyprianides Arabella , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Cruwys Tegan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBeing a member of a rejected group negatively affects well‐being but can also increase group identification, which can have positive effects on well‐being. However, this rejection‐identification model has never been investigated among the highly stigmatized group of ex‐prisoners. Furthermore, the potential buffering role of multiple group memberships has never been investigated within the rejection‐identification model. We conduct a novel investigation of a combined rejection‐identification and social cure model of group‐based rejection among ex‐prisoners. A survey of 199 ex‐prisoners found that experiencing group‐based rejection was associated with poorer well‐being and increased ex‐prisoner identification. However, identification as an ex‐prisoner magnified, rather than buffered, the relationship between rejection and reduced well‐being. Furthermore, the negative relationship between rejection and well‐being was particularly pronounced among ex‐prisoners with a higher number of group memberships. Ex‐prisoners with a greater number of group memberships experienced greater levels of rejection, suggesting group memberships increase their exposure to rejection. We therefore provide evidence of a boundary condition for the social cure properties of groups. Among members of strongly rejected social groups, multiple group memberships can be a social curse rather than social cure.
Association between central obesity and tooth loss in the non‐obese people: Results from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2012
Authors: Kang Jing , Smith Scott , Pavitt Susan , Wu Jianhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study was to investigate the association between central obesity and tooth loss in non‐obese population.Material and MethodsThis national cross‐sectional study included 19436 participants, aged 19–74 years with body mass index(BMI) 18.5–29.9 kg/m2, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 1999–2012. Tooth loss was measured by the number of teeth missing. Central obesity was defined by a categorized 3‐level waist circumference according to the WHO recommendation. A zero‐inflated negative binomial model was used to investigate the association between tooth loss and central obesity. All models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic status, lifestyles, medical conditions and inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsFor an overweight person with central obesity, the prevalence of tooth loss increased by 31% (Prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.20–1.44) compared with a person with similar BMI but no central obesity, and increased by 40% (PR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26–1.56) if compared with a normal‐weight person without central obesity. There was a clear stepwise association between tooth loss and central obesity.ConclusionThe results reveal that central obesity is significantly associated with tooth loss in the non‐obese population, which suggests that non‐obese individuals with central obesity may represent an important target population for oral health preventive strategies.
Exploring hospital patient sitters' fall prevention task readiness: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: de Jong Lex D. , Weselman Tammy , Kitchen Su , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesPatient sitters provide one‐to‐one care for hospital patients at high risk of falls. The study aimed to explore patient sitters' task readiness to assist in fall prevention on hospital wards.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey. Respondents were patient sitters working in five hospitals providing medical, surgical, and aged care. The survey was developed using a theory of health behaviour change and used closed and open‐ended items. Qualitative data were analysed using deductive content analysis.ResultsParticipants (n = 90) identified that patient factors, such as confusion, were the most frequent cause of falls (n = 338, 74%); however, the most frequent strategies identified to prevent falls were focused on the environment (n = 164, 63%). The most frequent barrier participants identified to preventing falls (n = 124, 67%) also pertained to patients, including aggressive patient behaviours. In contrast, staff factors, such as handovers being adequate, were identified as the main enabler for sitters being able to complete their tasks effectively (n = 60, 81%). Participants strongly suggested (71%) that further, preferably practical, training would be helpful, even though 84% reported receiving prior fall prevention training. Nearly all participants (98%) were motivated to prevent their patients from falling.ConclusionsThere is a gap between what patient sitters report as the cause of falls (patient factors) and what was suggested to prevent falls (environment factors). Education and practical training addressing challenging patient behaviours may improve sitters' task readiness to assist in preventing falls on wards. Improving communication and cooperation between patient sitters and nursing staff is also important.