bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia
Authors: Aggarwal Ruby , Jain Arun Kumar , Mittal Pratima , Kohli Mangala , Jawanjal Poonam , Rath Gayatri 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionThe pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines play crucial role in the development and functions of placenta. Any changes in these cytokines may be associated with many pregnancy‐related disorders like preeclampsia. Therefore, the present study is aimed to study the expression of pro‐inflammatory (TNF‐α, IL‐6) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐4, IL‐10) cytokines in placenta and serum of preeclamptic pregnant women.Material and MethodsFor this study, a total of 194 cases of preeclamptic and control cases were enrolled in two Groups as per the gestational age that is, Group I (28‐36 weeks) and II (37 weeks onwards). The number of samples was 55 in Group I and 139 in Group II. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted on placenta and serum of both preeclamptic and normal samples, respectively. IHC results were revalidated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR).ResultsBoth Groups (I, II) of preeclampsia showed amended levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in placental tissues and serum samples. The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were significantly increased in preeclamptic cases (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) while the IL‐4 and IL‐10 were downregulated (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) in comparison to control. In addition, a negative correlation was also observed between the two in preeclampsia (P = 0.0001).ConclusionThe balanced ratio of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines is essential to regulate the maternal inflammation system throughout pregnancy. Therefore, the gradual cytokine profiling of the pregnant women may be useful for the management of preeclampsia.
Classifying cognitive impairment based on the spatial heterogeneity of cerebral blood flow images
Authors: Shirzadi Zahra , Stefanovic Bojana , Mutsaerts Henri J.M.M. , Masellis Mario , MacIntosh Bradley J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of arterial spin‐labeled (ASL) MRI can index cerebral blood flow spatial heterogeneity. This metric reflects delayed blood delivery—seen as a hyperintense ASL signal juxtaposed by hypointense regions.PurposeTo investigate the use of ASL‐sCoV in the classification of cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohorts.Study TypeProspective/cohort.PopulationBaseline ASL images from AD neuroimaging initiative dataset in three groups of CU, MCI, and AD (N = 258).Field Strength/SequencePulsed ASL (PICORE QT2) images were acquired on 3 T Siemens systems (TE/TR = 12/3400 msec, TI1/2 = 700/1900 msec).AssessmentASL‐sCoV was calculated in temporal, parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes as well as whole gray matter.Statistical TestsThe primary analysis used an analysis of covariance to investigate sCoV and cognitive group (CU, MCI, AD) associations. We also evaluated the repeatability of sCoV by calculating within‐subject agreement in a subgroup of CU participants with a repeat ASL. The secondary analyses assessed ventricular volume, amyloid burden, glucose uptake, ASL‐sCoV, and regional CBF as cognitive group classifiers using logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic analyses.ResultsWe found that global and temporal lobe sCoV differed between cognitive groups (P = 0.006). Post‐hoc tests showed that temporal lobe sCoV was lower in CU than in MCI (Cohen's d = –0.36) or AD (Cohen's d = –1.36). We found that sCoV was moderately repeatable in CU (intersession intraclass correlation = 0.50; intrasession intraclass correlation = 0.88). Subsequent logistic regression analyses revealed that temporal lobe sCoV and amyloid uptake classified CU vs. MCI (P < 0.01; accuracy = 78%). Temporal lobe sCoV, amyloid, and glucose uptake classified CU vs. AD (P < 0.01; accuracy = 97%); glucose uptake significantly classified MCI vs. AD (P < 0.01; accuracy = 85%).Data ConclusionWe showed that ASL spatial heterogeneity can be used alongside AD neuroimaging markers to distinguish cognitive groups, in particular, cognitively unimpaired from cognitively impaired individuals.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:858–867.
Clinical Value of Shear Wave Elastography Added to Targeted Ultrasound (Second‐Look Ultrasound) in the Evaluation of Breast Lesions Suspicious of Malignancy Detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Au Frederick Wing‐Fai , Ghai Sandeep , Lu Fang‐I , Lu Hua 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) added to targeted ultrasound (US) after breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsFrom July 2015 to October 2017, 40 patients who underwent targeted US evaluations of suspicious MRI‐detected American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 lesions (mass or nonmass enhancement) were enrolled in this prospective study. B‐mode US and SWE examinations were performed to detect US correlates to MRI‐detected lesions; their Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories were recorded; lesions that were dark blue on a 6‐point color scale or had maximum elasticity of 30 kPa or less were categorized as soft. Biopsy was performed with US or MRI guidance, with the pathologic findings correlated with MRI, US, and SWE findings. The value of SWE for lesion detection and identification of benign lesions was determined.ResultsThe mean age of the 40 patients was 51.1 years. There were 48 MRI‐detected lesions (20 cancers, 3 high‐risk lesions, and 25 benign lesions). Ultrasound correlates (8 category 3 and 25 category 4) were shown for 33 lesions (69%; P < .0001), with 16 cancers (80%; P < .0001) and 17 benign lesions. Shear wave elastography assisted detection of 3 (19%) cancers on US imaging. All 7 soft US category 3 lesions were benign (7 of 33 [21%]; P = .0014).ConclusionsShear wave elastography was useful with targeted US after breast MRI to increase cancer detection by US. A significant number of US correlates to MRI‐detected lesions could have been identified as benign (category 3 and soft) before biopsy, with the potential of short‐interval follow‐up of MRI‐detected lesions with benign US correlates instead of biopsy.
125I interstitial brachytherapy in management of pediatric skull base tumors
Authors: Chen Peng , Wu Wen‐Jie , Yi Zhi‐Qiang , Ma Xiao‐Li , Zhao Wei‐Hong , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our preliminary assessment of the safety and efficacy of 125I interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) in the management of pediatric skull base tumors.MethodsThirty pediatric patients with skull base tumors treated with 125I IBT from April 2007 to May 2017 were included in this study. The probabilities of local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe one‐ and two‐year LC rates were 96.7% and 74.8%, respectively. The one‐ and two‐year OS rates were 93.3% and 72.2%, respectively. No severe acute toxicity was observed. Severe late toxicities were observed in one (3.33%) of 30 patients.Conclusion125I IBT is effective and safe in the management of pediatric skull base tumors, with satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Characterization and structure determination of prolyl‐tRNA synthetase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and development as a screening platform
Authors: Pena Noah , Dranow David M. , Hu Yanmei , Escamilla Yaritza , Bullard James M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic multi‐drug resistant pathogen implicated as a causative agent in nosocomial and community acquired bacterial infections. The gene encoding prolyl‐tRNA synthetase (ProRS) from P. aeruginosa was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting protein was characterized. ProRS was kinetically evaluated and the KM values for interactions with ATP, proline, and tRNA were 154, 122, and 5.5 μM, respectively. The turn‐over numbers, kcatobs, for interactions with these substrates were calculated to be 5.5, 6.3, and 0.2 s−1, respectively. The crystal structure of the α2 form of P. aeruginosa ProRS was solved to 2.60 Å resolution. The amino acid sequence and X‐ray crystal structure of P. aeruginosa ProRS was analyzed and compared with homologs in which the crystal structures have been solved. The amino acids that interact with ATP and proline are well conserved in the active site region and overlay of the crystal structure with ProRS homologs conforms to a similar overall three‐dimensional structure. ProRS was developed into a screening platform using scintillation proximity assay (SPA) technology and used to screen 890 chemical compounds, resulting in the identification of two inhibitory compounds, BT06A02 and BT07H05. This work confirms the utility of a screening system based on the functionality of ProRS from P. aeruginosa.
Further Refining the de Sitter Swampland Conjecture
Authors: Andriot David , Roupec Christoph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe propose an alternative refined de Sitter conjecture. It is given by a natural condition on a combination of the first and second derivatives of the scalar potential. We derive our conjecture in the same weak coupling, semi‐classical regime where the previous refined de Sitter conjecture was derived, using the same tools together with a few more assumptions that we discuss. We further test and constrain free parameters in our conjecture using data points of a classical type IIA supergravity setup. Interestingly, our conjecture easily accommodates slow‐roll single field inflation with a concave potential, favored by observations. The standard quintessence potential is in tension with our new conjecture, and we thus propose a different type of quintessence model.
Pesticide Use and Risk Aversion in the French Wine Sector
Authors: Aka Joël , Ugaglia Adeline Alonso , Lescot Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the risk attitudes of winegrowers in France. In French viticulture, most of the production is done under an appellation regime that constrains maximum authorized yields. We consider a trans-log cost function under the constraint of this maximum yield and estimate winegrowers' attitudes to risk. Our estimates are based on the European Farm Accountancy Data Network database (2005–2014) and data from the French National Institute of Origin and Quality. We find that winegrowers are risk averse. For the majority of winegrowers, risk aversion is declining with expected profit. In the Champagne region, however, where expected profits are far higher than in the other regions, we observe the reverse relation: winegrowers become more risk averse as expected profits rise. (JEL Classifications: C13, C33, O33, Q16).
Mineralogy, geochemistry and40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the Barda and Alech complexes, Saurashtra, northwestern Deccan Traps: early silicic magmas derived by flood basalt fractionation
Authors: Cucciniello Ciro , Choudhary Ashwini Kumar , Pande Kanchan , Sheth Hetu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMost continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces of the world contain silicic (granitic and rhyolitic) rocks, which are of significant petrogenetic interest. These rocks can form by advanced fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas, crustal assimilation with fractional crystallization, partial melting of hydrothermally altered basaltic lava flows or intrusions, anatexis of old basement crust, or hybridization between basaltic and crustal melts. In the Deccan Traps CFB province of India, the Barda and Alech Hills, dominated by granophyre and rhyolite, respectively, form the largest silicic complexes. We present petrographic, mineral chemical, and whole-rock geochemical (major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic) data on rocks of both complexes, along with40Ar–39Ar ages of 69.5–68.5 Ma on three Barda granophyres. Whereas silicic magmatism in the Deccan Traps typically postdates flood basalt eruptions, the Barda granophyre intrusions (and the Deccan basalt flows they intrude) significantly pre-date (by 3–4 My) the intense 66–65 Ma flood basalt phase forming the bulk of the province. A tholeiitic dyke cutting the Barda granophyres contains quartzite xenoliths, the first being reported from Saurashtra and probably representing Precambrian basement crust. However, geochemical–isotopic data show little involvement of ancient basement crust in the genesis of the Barda–Alech silicic rocks. We conclude that these rocks formed by advanced (70–75 %), nearly-closed system fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas in crustal magma chambers. The sheer size of each complex (tens of kilometres in diameter) indicates a very large mafic magma chamber, and a wide, pronounced, circular-shaped gravity high and magnetic anomaly mapped over these complexes is arguably the geophysical signature of this solidified magma chamber. The Barda and Alech complexes are important for understanding CFB-associated silicic magmatism, and anorogenic, intraplate silicic magmatism in general.
Moderation of associations between maternal parenting styles and Australian pre-school children’s dietary intake by family structure and mother’s employment status
Authors: Burnett Alissa J , Worsley Anthony , Lacy Kathleen E , Lamb Karen E 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between maternal parenting style and pre-school children’s dietary intake and to test whether perceived maternal time pressures, parenting arrangements and employment status influence these relationships.DesignThis cross-sectional study examined mothers’ reports of their child’s frequency of consumption of eight food and drink groups, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), unhealthy snacks, takeaway foods, fruit and vegetables. Parenting styles were classified as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive or disengaged using two parenting dimensions (warmth and control). The moderating roles of parenting arrangements, indexed by number of parents in the home and maternal employment status, were assessed. Associations were examined using multinomial regression.SettingData were from the infant and child cohorts in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.ParticipantsChildren aged 4–5 years from both cohorts (infant:n3607; child:n4661) were included.ResultsCompared with children of disengaged mothers, children of authoritative mothers consumed most unhealthy foods less frequently, and fruit and vegetables more frequently. Results suggested parenting arrangements and mothers’ working status may moderate associations between parenting styles and SSB, takeaway foods, takeaway snacks and fruit consumption.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that authoritative parenting style is associated with a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and a lower consumption of unhealthy foods among children. However, parenting arrangements and the mothers’ working status may influence these relationships. Further research is required to examine the influence of other potential moderators of parenting style/food consumption relationships such as household time and resource limitations.
Public pension wealth and household asset holdings: new evidence from Belgium
Authors: Lefebvre Mathieu , Perelman Sergio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been long suggested that public pension wealth may crowd out household savings. However, there remains controversy about the extent of this displacement effect. In this paper we use an original microsimulation model based on retrospective survey data collected through the third wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to estimate the displacement effect of public pension wealth on other wealth in Belgium. Combining this rich dataset with an accurate estimation of the individual pension entitlements allows us to circumvent some of the main measurement error problems faced by previous studies. We estimate that an extra euro of public pension wealth is associated with about 14–25 cent decline in households’ non-pension wealth.
Emission Characteristics of Primary Brown Carbon Absorption From Biomass and Coal Burning: Development of an Optical Emission Inventory for China
Authors: Tian Jie , Wang Qiyuan , Ni Haiyan , Wang Meng , Zhou Yaqing , Han Yongming , Shen Zhenxing , Pongpiachan Siwatt , Zhang Ningning , Zhao Zhuzi , Zhang Qian , Zhang Yue , Long Xin , Cao Junji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrown carbon (BrC) affects the Earth's radiative balance due to its strong light absorption at short wavelengths. A custom‐made combustion chamber was used to simulate biomass and coal burning and to investigate the emission characteristics of BrC absorption. Absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) at the wavelength pair of 370 and 880 nm ranged from 1.19 to 3.25, suggesting the possible existence of BrC in biomass‐ and coal‐burning emissions. Based on the assumption that AAEBC = 1.0, BrC from biomass burning contributed to 41–85% of the total particles light absorption at 370 nm, which is much higher than that from coal burning (15–18%). The estimated absorption emission factors of BrC at 370 nm for biomass and coal burning were 15–47 and 2–13 m2/kg, respectively. A 10 × 10 km gridded BrC optical emission inventory for biomass and coal burning in China for 2015 was developed based on the measured absorption emission factors of BrC values and high‐resolution activity data. The total annual BrC absorption cross section emissions from biomass and residential coal burning were 4,194 Gm2 (relative uncertainty at the 95% confidence level of −33.2, 41.2%) and 615 Gm2 (−39.3, 40.1%), respectively. These results should be useful for improving estimates of the radiative effects of BrC in China.
Quantitative High‐Resolution Reexamination of a Hypothesized Ocean Shoreline in Cydonia Mensae on Mars
Authors: Sholes Steven F. , Montgomery David R. , Catling David C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrimary support for ancient Martian oceans has relied on qualitative interpretations of hypothesized shorelines on relatively low‐resolution images and data. We present a toolkit for quantitatively identifying paleoshorelines using topographic, morphological, and spectroscopic evaluations. In particular, we apply the validated topographic expression analysis of Hare et al. (2001,https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000344) for the first time beyond Earth, focusing on a test case of putative shoreline features along the Arabia level in northeast Cydonia Mensae, as first described by Clifford and Parker (2001,https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6671). Our results show these curvilinear features are inconsistent with a wave‐generated shoreline interpretation. The topographic expression analysis identifies a few potential shoreline terraces along the historically proposed contacts, but these tilt in different directions, do not follow an equipotential surface (even accounting for regional tilting), and are not laterally continuous. Lineaments appear blocky in nature at small scales, and they bifurcate, truncate, and merge along track. These features are more consistent with material boundaries for lithological units exposed along a degraded crater wall. These results do not preclude the existence of an ancient hemispheric ocean, but the geophysical and high‐resolution topographic data at this site do not support such an interpretation.
The Integrated Prevention Model of Pain—Chronic Pain Prevention in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Salamon Katherine S. , Cullinan Colleen C. 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Chronic pain is a significant problem that affects a large percentage of children around the world ( King et al., 2011 ). It is widely accepted that pediatric chronic pain can lead to functional impairment, including decreased school attendance, social withdrawal, and decreased participation in extracurricular activities ( Huguet & Miró, 2008 ; Perquin et al., 2000 ). However, there is a paucity of research examining prevention of chronic pain in children and adolescents ( King et al., 2011 ). Because pain accounts for 20–40% of primary care appointments during childhood and adolescence ( De Inocencio, 2004 ), understanding how to identify youth on the trajectory to chronic pain and provide targeted treatment is essential. Methods: This paper proposes a model of integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy for pain management into a primary care setting as a secondary prevention technique to reduce the incidence of pediatric chronic pain. Case illustrations are utilized to highlight intervening points within primary care. Results: Using principles from Kazak’s (2006) Pediatric Psychosocial Prevention Health Model, integrated primary care providers may be in an ideal position to reduce the incidence of pediatric chronic pain and subsequent financial, social, emotional, and educational burden. Conclusions: The Integrated Prevention Model for Pain offers a way to prevent pediatric chronic pain at the primary care level. Recommendations at the various intervention levels, implementation strategies, and future directions are provided. Implications for Impact Statement Chronic pain is a significant problem that leads to a negative impact on the life of the adolescent and their family. This paper aims to explore a model of integrating treatment for pain into primary care settings to decrease the number of youth affected by pediatric chronic pain.
Unveiling the role of Gardnerella vaginalis in polymicrobial Bacterial Vaginosis biofilms: the impact of other vaginal pathogens living as neighbors
Authors: Castro Joana , Machado Daniela , Cerca Nuno 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm, which is strongly adhered to the vaginal epithelium and primarily consists of the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. However, despite the presence of other BV-associated bacteria, little is known regarding the impact of other species on BV development. To gain insight into BV progress, we analyzed the ecological interactions between G. vaginalis and 15 BV-associated microorganisms using a dual-species biofilm model. Bacterial populations were quantified using a validated peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Furthermore, biofilm structure was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, bacterial coaggregation ability was determined as well as the expression of key virulence genes. Remarkably, our results revealed distinct biofilm structures between each bacterial consortium, leading to at least three unique dual-species biofilm morphotypes. Furthermore, our transcriptomic findings seem to indicate that Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces neuii had a higher impact on the enhancement of G. vaginalis virulence, while the other tested species had a lower or no impact on G. vaginalis virulence. This study casts a new light on how BV-associated species can modulate the virulence aspects of G. vaginalis, contributing to a better understanding of the development of BV-associated biofilms.