bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Radiological Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Otherwise Non-Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zafar Mohammad Ishraq , Chen Lu-Lu , Xiaofeng Ye , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2018

Background:Studies on the influence of diabetes mellitus on the radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis performed so far yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to summarize the relevant evidence on this topic systematically.Methods:We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE (1980–2016) and the references of related articles (English-language reports) for observational studies that compared the radiological presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients.Results:A total of fifteen studies that enrolled 2,020 diabetic patients and 5,280 controls were included in this systematic review. None of the included studies showed any significant difference in the upper lobe involvement and or in bilateral disease between diabetes and non-diabetes patients. However, lower lung field cavitary disease was found to be more frequent (relative risks ranging from 2.76, 95% CI 2.28-3.35 to 4.47, 95% CI 2.62-7.62) in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1C >9%). Similarly, a significantly higher proportion of cavitary disease in diabetes patients was reported by 7 out of 15 studies, the meta-analysis of cavities of any size/site also showed the significantly higher risk of cavitary disease in diabetes patients (p-value = 0.0008). Three studies stratified the presence of cavities by diabetes control status, finding a higher proportion of cavities in uncontrolled diabetic patients (relative risks ranging from 1.85, 95%CI 1.34-2.55 to 3.59, 95%CI 2.53-5.11). One out of four studies found a significantly higher proportion of nodular infiltrations in diabetes versus non-diabetes patients.Conclusion:While there is no difference in localization of lung lesions between patients with diabetes and non-diabetes, our review found that the risk of cavitary disease is relatively higher in diabetes patients. It is essential for researchers to unify the criteria for diabetes diagnosis, patient selection, and radiographic severity and stratify the results by the potentially confounding factors.
QR Based Despeckling Approach for Medical Ultrasound Images
Authors: Al-Asad Jawad Fawaz , Khan Adil Humayun , Latif Ghazanfar , Hajji Wadii 
Published: August 2018

Background:
An approach based on QR decomposition, to remove speckle noise from
medical ultrasound images, is presented in this paper.

Methods:
The speckle noisy image is segmented into small overlapping blocks. A global covariance matrix is calculated by averaging the corresponding covariances of the blocks. QR decomposition is applied to the global covariance matrix. To filter out speckle noise, the first subset of orthogonal vectors of the Q matrix is projected onto the signal subspace. The proposed approach is
compared with five benchmark techniques; Homomorphic Wavelet Despeckling (HWDS), Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD), Frost, Kuan and Probabilistic Non-Local Mean
(PNLM).

Results and Conclusion:
When applied to different simulated and real ultrasound images, the QR
based approach has secured maximum despeckling performance while maintaining optimal resolution and edge detection, and that is regardless of image size or nature of speckle; fine or rough.
Exploring the Effect of Buffer Strength on the Retention Time of Weak Acids, Neutral and Weak Bases in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Mode
Authors: Al-Tannak Naser F. , Bawazeer Sami , Watson David G. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) orthogonal to conventional
reversed phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) mode allowing separation
of polar compounds. HILIC has been reported to be an alternative to normal phase liquid chromatography,
yet the separation mechanism reported in HILIC is much more complicated than that in
normal phase liquid chromatography.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of water layer thickness on silica gel and the amount of ammonium
ions present within the buffer on retention mechanism in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.

Methodology:

A test system was designed which used weak acids, neutrals and weak bases as probes
with three different strengths (5, 10 and 20 mM) of ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and ammonium
propionate as the counter-ions to compete with the test probes with ionised silanol groups and
water present in the stationary phase. A Kromasil 60-5SIL column (150 mm×4.6 mm×4 μm, pore size
60Å) was used as the stationary phase to perform the study.

Results:
Retention times were examined for the test probes at 90% acetonitrile (ACN) with 10% of 5,
10 and 20 mM of ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and ammonium propionate. As the buffer
strength increases, the thickness of the water layer on the surface of the silica gel increases and also
the repulsion between ionized silanol groups and acidic test probes will decrease. On the other hand,
such increase in buffer strength will increase the competition between the ammonium ions and basic
test probes. In addition, the hydration energy of buffer’s counter ions and hydrophilicity may be important
in retention mechanism in HILIC mode.

Conclusion:
At 20 mM buffer strength acidic probes with low log P values retain more due to reduced
repulsion by silanol groups, while basic probes retention time will decrease due to increased competition
from ammonium counter ions. However, in 5 mM buffer strength basic probes with low logP value
will be retained longer, while acidic probes will be eluted earlier due to the repulsion between ionized
acids and ionized silanol groups.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Review of the Effect of Physicochemical Formulation Factors in the Optimization Process, Different Preparation Technique, Characterization, and Toxicity
Authors: Poovi Ganesan , Vijayakumar Thangavel Mahalingam , Damodharan Narayanasamy 
Published: August 2018

Background:The high molecular weight and increasing lipophilicity drug face many problems starting from the drug development to formulation and conduction of pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies to its biological application. To overcome this problem, a different formulation of nano-sized drugs was developed recently. The use of Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) offers new insight into the formulation of the poorly soluble drug.Objective:The study aimed to investigate the literature with regard to the development of SLNs and NLCs for lipid-based nano drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs, with a view to identifying the factors influencing the optimization of the formulation of SLNs and NLCs and strategies to decrease the use of organic solvent during the preparation.Results:This review highlights the simple and easily scaled-up novel lipid nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs) and their factors to be considered in the formulation for the proper selection of excipients. Also, this review summarizes the research findings reported by the different researchers regarding the principle formulation components, different preparation techniques, characterization, and toxicology of lipid nanoparticles.Conclusion:The SLNs/NLCs make this drug delivery system as one of the promising delivery systems, and safe colloidal lipid carriers for the delivery of poorly soluble drug and will be a solution to the formulation scientist for the solubility and permeability problem associated with the drugs to assure its good bioavailability.
Diverse Cyanobacteria Resource from North East Region of India for Valuable Biomolecules: Phycobiliprotein, Carotenoid, Carbohydrate and Lipid
Authors: Ghosh Ashmita , Khanra Saumyakanti , Haldar Gopinath , Bhowmick Tridib Kumar , Gayen Kalyan 
Published: August 2018

Background: :North east region of India is well known as biodiversity hotspot with endemic flora and fauna. Organisms belonging to the cyanobacterial species are commonly known as blue green algae and are found in diverse categories in the environment of north-east India. Potentials of these cyanobacterial species are mostly unexplored. Present study aimed to isolate, identify and evaluate the potential cyanobacterial strains for the sustainable producers of biomolecules with agricultural, therapeutic and industrial significance.Methods::Growth and biochemical characterization were performed with the isolated cyanobacterial species to investigate the growth kinetics, cellular pigments (carotenoid, phycobiliprotein and chlorophyll), protein, carbohydrate and lipid content.Results::Three Phormidium sp., one Oscillatoria sp., and one Microcoleus sp. were isolated from the Tripura state (North-east region of India). Results revealed that isolated Oscillatoria sp. has high lipid (~20%), protein (~40%), and carbohydrate (~30%) yield. Further, two isolated Phormidium sp., produced significant amount of carotenoids (~23 mg/gm dry biomass), phycobiliprotein (~20-25%) and high protein (~55%). Microcoleus sp. produced 62% carbohydrate and 20% phycobiliprotein with significant amount of carotenoids (~17 mg/gm dry biomass).Conclusion::Isolated Oscillatoria sp. is the promising resource for lipid and nutritional supplement due to high accumulated primary metabolites. Two Phormidium sp., can be used as animal and human nutritional food supplement and also can be further investigated for pigment production at industrial scale. Isolated Microcoleus sp. is the potential resource of carbohydrate and pigment. Isolated cyanobacterial strains are identified as viable candidates for the industrial production of biomass as well as other value added biomolecules.
Multiuser Beam Index Modulation Wireless Transmission with Analogue Beamforming Networks
Authors: He Xu , Ding Yuan , Li Xingwang 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The multiuser scenarios using the recently proposed wireless communication
scheme, namely Beam Index Modulation (BIM), are investigated in this paper.

Methods:
Both transmitter node and multiple receiver nodes are equipped with analogue beamforming
networks, transforming physical wireless propagation channels to virtue channels in beam domain.

Results:
Under the non-line-of-sight (nLoS) multi-scattered channel conditions, which are likely the
cases for some future wireless communication systems operating at higher frequency bands.

Conclusion:
It has been proved, both through simulations and experiment, at 10 GHz in an indoor
environment, that the proposed BIM is able to enhance the system performance at high Signal-to-Noise
Ratio (SNR) scenarios, with regard to the sum spectral efficiency, with only a single Radio Frequency
(RF) chain.
MONETIZAÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS NA INTERNET: COMPETÊNCIA REGULATÓRIA A PARTIR DO DECRETO Nº 8.771/2016
Authors: Carvalho Victor Miguel Barros de , Guimarães Patrícia Borba Vilar , Oliveira Adriana Carla Silva de 
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo analisa as disposições constantes no Decreto 8.771/2016 sobre a regulação da monetização dos dados pessoais no âmbito da internet. Num mundo cada vez mais conectado e interligado, com enorme produção de dados e informações – mormente de dados pessoais – muitos agentes econômicos passaram a utilizar tais dados como insumos em seus modelos de negócio. Neste cenário, promulgouse a Lei nº 12.965/2014, o Marco Civil da Internet. Tal diploma previu certos direitos e garantias aos usuários da rede mundial de computadores – como o direito à inviolabilidade da privacidade e intimidade e a proteção dos dados pessoais. Todavia, algumas de suas disposições demandaram regulamentação e, neste escopo, editou-se o Decreto 8.771/2016, que trata, entre outros assuntos, da previsão de atuação regulatória do poder público sobre atividades relacionadas aos dados pessoais. Sobre estas disposições é que o presente artigo se debruçou. Como metodologia, analisou as determinações do Decreto em conjunto com as do Marco Civil, de normas relacionadas e posicionamentos doutrinários acerca do tema, deles procurando extrair diretivas regulatórias da monetização de dados. Teve como objetivo específico aferir a competência para editar atos que regulem atividades relacionadas aos dados pessoais. Entre os resultados, encontrou que certos dispositivos restaram imprecisos na distribuição de competências, e que os entes arrolados pelo legislador não são inteiramente competentes para regular o tema em fito. Concluiu que, apesar desta lacuna legal, os dados pessoais contam com certa proteção da lei, sugerindo, ainda, pela criação de ente regulador próprio e competente para regular esta matéria.
Current Antifungal Drug Prescribing to Treat Oral Thrush in Sulaimani City-Iraq
Authors: Rsaul Hezha Omer 
Published: August 2018

Oral thrush or oral candidosis is one of the most widespread fungal infections of the mucous membranes in human. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of prescribing of three antifungal drugs: nystatin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and miconazole by the pharmacists and assistant pharmacists, which are used to treat oral thrush. A questionnaire was circulated to a random selection of pharmacies in Sulaimani city of Iraq between March 2017 and June 2017 and responses to were received from 101 pharmacies. The results were analyzed and the responses demonstrated as absolute and relative frequencies using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 21. Among the participants (65.3%) were males and (34.7%) were females. The participant's age range was (20 – 70) years. The majority (52.3%) holds a postgraduate degree as their highest educational level and they graduated after 2010. Miconazole and nystatin were the most popular choices of an antifungal agent that pharmacists would use, followed by fluconazole and amphotericin-B. The possibility of using miconazole was positively linked to recently graduated participants.
ECG Waveform Classification Based on P-QRS-T Wave Recognition
Authors: Al-Ani Muzhir Shaban 
Published: August 2018

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a periodic signal reflects the activity of the heart. ECG waveform is an important issue to define the heart function so it is helpful to recognize the type of heart diseases. ECG graph generate a lot of information that is converted into electrical signal with standard values of amplitude and duration. The main problem raised in this measurement is the mixing between normal and abnormal, in addition some time there are overlapping between the P-QRS-T waveform. This research aims to offer an efficient approach to measure all parts of P-QRS-T waveform in order to give a correct decision of heart functionality. The implemented approach including any steps; preprocessing, baseline process, feature extraction and diagnosis. The obtained result indicated an adequate recognition rate to verify the heart functionality.
Influence of psychological and familial factors on the maintenance of childhood obesity / Influencia de los factores psicológicos y familiares en el mantenimiento de la obesidad infantil
Authors: García Rodríguez Keytel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, childhood obesity is considered one of the main health problems worldwide. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological and familial factors associated with obesity in a group of children. Thirteen children with obesity, between 7 and 11 years old (eight boys and five girls), and 21 relatives (fathers/mothers/grandmothers), who were referred by the Pediatric Service of the Medical-Surgical Research Center, participated. The following variables were examined: eating habits, physical activity habits, body image, affective state, self-esteem, compensatory family affective relationships and potential attitudes that lead to psychological alterations in the family. The analysis was predominantly qualitative, through techniques such as the semi-structured interview with the child and the family, the psychographic analysis (free drawing and family drawing), as well as the Seven Figures of Collins. We conclude about the relevance of the influence in all the variables analyzed on childhood obesity. The need to implement psychological intervention programs addressing not only children, but also their families is imminent.Resumen En los últimos años la obesidad infantil es considerada uno de los principales problemas de salud a nivel mundial. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar los factores psicológicos y familiares asociados a la obesidad en un grupo de niños. Participaron 13 niños con obesidad, de entre 7 y 11 años de edad (ocho varones y cinco mujeres), y 21 familiares (padres/madres/abuelas), quienes fueron remitidos por el Servicio de Pediatría del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas. Fueron examinadas las variables siguientes: hábitos de alimentación, hábitos de actividad física, imagen corporal, estado afectivo, autoestima, relaciones afectivas familiares compensatorias y actitudes potencialmente generadoras de alteraciones psicológicas en la familia. El análisis realizado fue predominantemente cualitativo, a través de técnicas como la entrevista semiestructurada al niño y a la familia, el análisis psicográfico (dibujo libre y de la familia), así como el empleo de las Siete Figuras de Collins. Se concluye acerca de la relevancia de la influencia de todas las variables analizadas sobre la obesidad infantil. Resulta inminente la necesidad de implementar programas de intervención psicológica que suponga el abordaje no solo de los niños, sino también de sus familiares.
Tingkat Kesesuaian Gaya Kepemimpinan Ketua dengan Kematangan Anggota Hubungannya dengan Partisipasi Anggota
Authors: Pakaya Abd. Rahman 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research is to know the leadership style’s compatibility level which including task behavior and relationship behaviors, the maturity of the members and the relationship with the with the participation of members of the Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) in Gorontalo province. This study use 52 sample of KUD chairman and 140 sample members of KUD. The calculation of the sample used proportional sampling. Data were collected by interviews and distributing questionnaires to respondent. Method of anayisis using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques and quantitative methods. Hypothesis test using Kruskal Wallis different test and the Chi Quadrat. Based on the statistical analysis results can be concluded: (1) the existence of the leadership styles differentiation of the chairman, (2) there are differences in maturity level of members, (3) there is no leadership styles compatibility level of chairman toward the maturity of members in KUD at Gorontalo Province, and (4) there is a relationship of the chairman leadership style with the maturity of the members indicated from the participation of members.
The largest Baltic population of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.): its decline, restoration attempts, and current status
Authors: Dębowski Piotr 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The sea trout, Salmo trutta L. population in the Vistula River was the largest in the Baltic Sea. Its primary spawning grounds were located in the Carpathian tributaries in the upper river basin. The fish ascended to spawn in two runs: in winter when the fish were immature and spent nearly a whole year in the river, and in summer when mature fish ascended the river and spawned within a few months. This work presents the fisheries and stocking history and scientific studies of this population from the late nineteenth century. The consequences of the most important changes in the sea trout habitat are tracked from construction in the upper river basin in the 1940s and the damming of the river in its middle reaches in Włocławek in 1969. Despite intense stocking that has been conducted for over one hundred years, catches have declined from over 100 tons to nearly zero in recent years. The current state of the population and the possibilities of restoring it are discussed in light of genetic studies.
Emotional Problems of Adolescents During the Treatment of Scoliosis with Halo – Femoral Traction
Authors: Diak Alicja , Gniadek Agnieszka 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Introduction. The adolescence period is a special stage in the development of every human being. During puberty, significant changes occur in the somatic, psychological and spiritual spheres. The main feature of adolescence is intensified emotionality. During this period there are significant changes in the range of body growth; very often the appearance of idiopathic scoliosis is observed. In the majority of cases, this disorder concerns adolescent girls. The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown. Treatment of severe scoliosis is complicated and involves high risk. One of the methods of surgical treatment of scoliosis with a severe primary curve is a two-stage surgery. The first stage consists of anterior release with halo - femoral traction. This kind of treatment is a very difficult period of time for patient, both in somatic and psychological terms. Negative emotional states can generate or increase the existing pain, what creates a vicious cause and effect circle. Aim. Diagnose emotional problems of adolescents treated with the halo - femoral traction. Conclusions. Emotional problems of surgically treated patients are often marginalized, although the emotional state influences the assessment of satisfaction with the treatment effects. The period of treatment with the halo - femoral traction is one of the most difficult stages of treatment for a young patient also in terms of emotions. Empathy, support and understanding are essential to successfully engage the patient in cooperation with a multidisciplinary therapeutic team and to minimize the negative emotional effects of traum.
Patient’S Health Problems After Injury-Related Damage of Cervical Spine
Authors: Sułek Jolanta , Półtorak Maria , Pańtak Katarzyna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the following review there is described the case of 36-year-old patient with trauma-related fracture of cervical spine followed by tetraparesis resulting from compression and ischaemia foci of cervical spinal cord. On the basis of medical record’s analysis as well as on observation made by authors, the model of nursing process adjusted to patient’s needs is described in this article. In the course of hospitalization the typical complications were observed: respiratory tract infections, bedsores, water-electrolyte imbalances, arrhythmias, emotional disturbances resulting not only from injury but also, with high probability, as aftermath of post-traumatic stress. Material and methods. This paper discusses the case of a patient who was hospitalized at the University Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Hospital due to cervical spine and spinal cord injury. Method - a case study. Medical documentation was analyzed, including Intensive Care Unit (ICU) information cards and doctor and nurse reports. The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of cervical spine injury on nursing problems with a patient admitted to ICU under life-threatening conditions. Summary. This paper discusses the case of a 36-year-old patient with a broken cervical spine and a tetraplegia resulting from pressure and foci of ischemia in the cervical spine region. This article presents a nursing model, accounting for the problems specific to this patient, that is based on the analysis of medical documentation and observation. During hospitalization typical complications were observed - infections of the respiratory system, bedsores, electrolyte disruption, disruption of the electrical activity of the heart, emotional disturbance resulting from the injury, but also likely being post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in nature.