bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event‐triggered state‐dependent switching rule design for switched linear systems
Authors: Li Dandan , Zuo Zhiqiang , Wang Yijing 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the synthesis problem of switched linear systems. We come up with a novel state‐dependent switching rule in terms of an event‐triggered mechanism. This switching rule is able to expand the degree of freedom of bilinear matrix inequality where the synthesis problem is constructively formulated. It is overwhelmingly critical that the number of decision variables, which determines the conservativeness of our results under the proposed event‐triggered state‐dependent switching rule, is larger than the previous ones when a switched system consisted of three or more subsystems. The implementation complexity of a switching law is greatly reduced, as well as the number of switchings. Finally, two examples illustrate that the proposed synthesis procedure is valid.
Static output feedback fault tolerant control using control allocation scheme
Authors: Argha Ahmadreza , Su Steven W. , Celler Branko G. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper describes two novel schemes for fault tolerant control using robust suboptimal static output feedback design methods. These schemes can also be employed as actuator redundancy management for overactuated uncertain linear systems. In contrast to many existing methods in the literature that assume the control input matrix (i) is not of full‐rank such that it can be factorized into two matrices and (ii) it does not involve uncertainty, these schemes can be applied to systems whose control input matrix cannot be factorized and/or involve uncertainty. The so‐called virtual control, in these schemes, is calculated using suboptimal
‐based static output feedback design schemes constructed to be robust against uncertainties emanating from inherent input matrix uncertainty and visibility of the control allocator to the controller. Then, using two proposed control allocation schemes (fixed and on‐line), the obtained virtual control signal is redistributed among remaining (redundant or nonfaulty) set of actuators. As the proposed schemes are modular‐based, they can be employed as real‐time fault tolerant control schemes with no need to reconfigure the controller in the case of actuator faults or failures. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is discussed and compared with numerical examples.
Stability and stabilization for stochastic Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks with impulse control and noise‐induced control
Authors: Guo Yingxin , Cao Jinde 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBy applying the It
formula, the Gronwall inequality, and the law of large numbers technique, a new simple sufficient inequality condition is presented for the almost surely exponential stability of the stochastic Cohen‐Grossberg neural networks with impulse control and time‐varying delays. Moreover, a new result is also given for the existence of unique states of the systems. An impulsive controller and a suitable noise controller are also given at the same time. The condition contains and improves some of the previous results in the earlier references.
An automated functional testing approach for virtual reality applications
Authors: Corrêa Souza Alinne C. , Nunes Fátima L. S. , Delamaro Márcio E. 
Published: October 2018

SummarySoftware testing is regarded as an important method for fault revealing. Despite this advantage, it has been poorly used within the scope of virtual reality (VR) applications because they are highly complex and have peculiar features. Most testing performed of this VR applications are usability, which is conducted manually and only at final of the development process. Although some works try to propose criteria for this domain, there are no approaches that automatize the generation of test data from requirements specification in the VR domain. This paper proposes an approach called virtual reality—requirements specification and testing (VR‐ReST) to assist the requirements specification through a semiformal language and uses structural test criteria to generate test requirements and test data automatically for VR applications using scene graph concepts. The paper also examines the empirical results concerning the cost‐effectiveness of the approach for three different VR applications through two experiments. Mutation testing was used to evaluate effectiveness. We found that the approach achieved a high mutation score outperforming random testing, by 20%, on average. Our results also demonstrate that the approach is promising since it assists in writing and validating the requirements, as well as in reducing the risks of requirement specification by adopting a semiformal language.
Kampo pharmaceutical products in the Japanese health‐care system: Legal status and quality assurance
Authors: Arai Ichiro , Kawahara Nobuo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo accurately present the current situation regarding traditional Japanese medicines (kampo medicines), especially their legal status and quality assurance, and to resolve the misunderstanding regarding kampo medicine.Legal statusKampo medicines have been approved as official medicines by the Japanese government; they are covered by national health insurance and are used regularly in the standard health‐care system in Japan. Kampo medicines accounted for approximately 2.4% of Japan's total pharmaceutical sales in 2015, and the majority were dry extract products for prescription. Currently, 148 of ethical Kampo formulations are covered by the national insurance system, and the official approval standards for over‐the‐counter kampo products have been established for 294 formulations.Quality assuranceThe Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) contains monographs on almost all the crude drugs that are the raw materials for kampo medicines. The quality of kampo extract products is ensured through the equivalence of dry extract and two or more marker components with decoction (standard decoction). The JP also contains monographs on formulation extracts that have high sales volumes. For manufacturing, kampo good manufacturing practice (GMP), the self‐imposed standard of the Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Associations of Japan, has been instituted in addition to the standard GMP for conventional medicines. The quantity of pesticide residues, heavy metals and arsenic, and microorganisms in Kampo products and crude drugs is controlled by the JP and manufacturers' voluntary standards.ConclusionKampo medicines are approved as a legal pharmaceutical product of Japan and their quality is highly assured by Japanese authorities and each manufacturer.
Cell migration in the Xenopus gastrula
Authors: Huang Yunyun , Winklbauer Rudolf 
Published: October 2018

Xenopus gastrulation movements are in large part based on the rearrangement of cells by differential cell‐on‐cell migration within multilayered tissues. Different patterns of migration‐based cell intercalation drive endoderm and mesoderm internalization and their positioning along their prospective body axes. C‐cadherin, fibronectin, integrins, and focal contact components are expressed in all gastrula cells and play putative roles in cell‐on‐cell migration, but their actual functions in this respect are not yet understood. The gastrula can be subdivided into two motility domains, and in the vegetal, migratory domain, two modes of cell migration are discerned. Vegetal endoderm cells show ingression‐type migration, a variant of amoeboid migration characterized by the lack of locomotory protrusions and by macropinocytosis as a mechanism of trailing edge resorption. Mesendoderm and prechordal mesoderm cells use lamellipodia in a mesenchymal mode of migration. Gastrula cell motility can be dissected into traits, such as cell polarity, adhesion, mobility, or protrusive activity, which are controlled separately yet in complex, combinatorial ways. Cells can instantaneously switch between different combinations of traits, showing plasticity as they respond to substratum properties.This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Large eddy simulations of the effect of vertical staggering in large wind farms
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Arendshorst Mark G. , Stevens Richard J. A. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn order to study the effect of vertical staggering in large wind farms, large eddy simulations (LES) of large wind farms with a regular turbine layout aligned with the given wind direction were conducted. In the simulations, we varied the hub heights of consecutive downstream rows to create vertically staggered wind farms. We analysed the effect of streamwise and spanwise turbine spacing, the wind farm layout, the turbine rotor diameter, and hub height difference between consecutive downstream turbine rows on the average power output. We find that vertical staggering significantly increases the power production in the entrance region of large wind farms and is more effective when the streamwise turbine spacing and turbine diameter are smaller. Surprisingly, vertical staggering does not significantly improve the power production in the fully developed regime of the wind farm. The reason is that the downward vertical kinetic energy flux, which brings high velocity fluid from above the wind farm towards the hub height plane, does not increase due to vertical staggering. Thus, the shorter wind turbines are effectively sheltered from the atmospheric flow above the wind farm that supplies the energy, which limits the benefit of vertical staggering. In some cases, a vertically staggered wind farm even produced less power than the corresponding non vertically staggered reference wind farm. In such cases, the production of shorter turbines is significantly negatively impacted while the production of the taller turbine is only increased marginally.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 6
Authors: Angeloni Livia , Reggente Melania , Passeri Daniele , Natali Marco , Rossi Marco 
Published: October 2018

The cover image is based on the Overview Identification of nanoparticles and nanosystems in biological matrices with scanning probe microscopy by Livia Angeloni et al., DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1521.
image
The dynamic RNA modification 5‐methylcytosine and its emerging role as an epitranscriptomic mark
Authors: Trixl Lukas , Lusser Alexandra 
Published: October 2018

It is a well‐known fact that RNA is the target of a plethora of modifications which currently amount to over a hundred. The vast majority of these modifications was observed in the two most abundant classes of RNA, rRNA and tRNA. With the recent advance in mapping technologies, modifications have been discovered also in mRNA and in less abundant non‐coding RNA species. These developments have sparked renewed interest in elucidating the nature and functions of those “epitransciptomic” modifications in RNA. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the best understood and most frequent mark of mRNA with demonstrated functions ranging from pre‐mRNA processing, translation, miRNA biogenesis to mRNA decay. By contrast, much less research has been conducted on 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), which was detected in tRNAs and rRNAs and more recently in poly(A)RNAs. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the discovery of m5C RNA methylomes, the functions of m5C as well as the proteins installing, translating and manipulating this modification. Although our knowledge about m5C in RNA transcripts is just beginning to consolidate, it has become clear that cytosine methylation represents a powerful mechanistic strategy to regulate cellular processes on an epitranscriptomic level.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Numerical analyses of the interrelation between extracellular smooth muscle orientation and intracellular filament overlap in the human abdominal aorta
Authors: Haspinger Daniel Ch. , Murtada Sae‐Il , Niestrawska Justyna A. , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSmooth muscle cells are one of the functional constituents in the human abdominal aorta, located in the medial layer, forming two helices similar to collagen fibers. During development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cells experience changes in their orientation and a reorganization of their intracellular filament structure. In order to study the so far not so well‐known interrelation between smooth muscle orientation and the intracellular filament structure in the human abdominal aorta a recently proposed mechanochemical model is modified. Two families of muscle fibers are introduced with a non‐symmetric filament overlap behavior, and the model is implemented into a finite element code. Active material parameters are obtained by fitting the model behavior to experimental data. Fitting results highlight that the non‐symmetry of the filament overlap behavior depends on the muscle fiber orientation. Modification of the smooth muscle orientations and the intracellular filament structure, and their influences on the human abdominal aortic responses are investigated using a finite element model of an aortic ring. We show how changes in the aortic wall behavior due to alterations in the smooth muscle orientation can be reduced, and even prevented by adjusting the filament overlap behavior. Thus, a modification of the intracellular filament structure could be used as a therapeutic approach in response to pathological vascular adaptation processes where changes in smooth muscle orientation are involved.
Susy Q and spatially modulated deformations of ABJM theory
Authors: Gauntlett Jerome P. , Rosen Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWithin a holographic framework we construct supersymmetric Q-lattice (‘Susy Q’) solutions that describe RG flows driven by supersymmetric and spatially modulated deformations of the dual CFTs. We focus on a specificD= 4 supergravity model which arises as a consistent KK truncation ofD= 11 supergravity on the seven sphere that preserves SO(4) × SO(4) symmetry. The Susy Q solutions are dual to boomerang RG flows, flowing from ABJM theory in the UV, deformed by spatially modulated mass terms depending on one of the spatial directions, back to the ABJM vacuum in the far IR. For large enough deformations the boomerang flows approach the well known Poincaré invariant RG dielectric flow. The spatially averaged energy density vanishes for the Susy Q solutions.
Case report in experience with neovaginal reconstruction using the inverted Y flap in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and androgen insensitive syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Soedjana Hardisiswo , Hasibuan Lisa Y. , Septiani Galuh A. , Davita Theresia Risa 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
The surgical management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and androgen insensitive syndrome with vaginal agenesis requires the reconstruction of a neovaginal cavity that is dissected between the bladder and the rectum. The author prefers to use Y flap procedure to construct a neovagina with epithelial lining. The resulting length of the neovaginal cavity that was dissected during the surgery was maintained.

Objective:
This study aims to describe the use of inverted Y flap technique from the skin surrounding the agenesis vagina to reconstruct the neovagina.

Methods:
This was a five-year prospective cohort study at our plastic surgery center in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia since January 2008. All patients underwent neovaginal reconstruction using the inverted Y flap were monitored and followed up.

Results:
Four patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and one patient with androgen insensitive syndrome underwent neovaginal reconstruction using this method. The follow-up period ranged from two-week until one-year post-surgery. The surgical procedure was performed without major complications. There were no neovaginal stricture or contracture occur in any of the patients and zero pain in intercourse activity after the procedure.

Highlights:
Computational modeling and functional characterization of a GgChi: A class III chitinase from corms of Gladiolus grandiflorus
Authors: Rafiq Maria , Hussain Ashiq , Shah Kausar Hussain , Saeed Qamar , Sial Muhammad Umair , Ali Zahid , Buck Friedrich , Goodman Richard E. , Khaliq Binish , Ishaq Uzma , Baig Mirza Ahsen , Munawar Aisha , Mahmood Seema , Akrem Ahmed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study describes the predicted model and functional characterization of an endochitinase (30 kDa) from corms of Gladiolus grandiflorus. ESI‐QTOF‐MS generated peptide showed 96% sequence homology with family 18, Class III acidic endochitinase of Gladiolus gandavensis. Purified G. grandiflorus chitinase (GgChi) hydrolyzed 4‐methylumbelliferyl β‐d‐N,N′,N′′‐triacetylchitotriose substrate showing specific endochitinase activity. Since no structural details of GgChi were available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), a homology model was predicted using the coordinate information of Crocus vernus chitinase (PDB ID: 3SIM). Ramachandran plot indicated 84.5% in most favored region, 14.8% in additional and 0.6% in generously allowed region while no residue in disallowed region. The predicted structure indicated a highly conserved (β/α)8 (TIM barrel) structure similar to the family 18, class III chitinases. The GgChi also showed sequence and structural homologies with other active chitinases. The GgChi (50 μg/disc) showed no antibacterial activity, but did provide mild growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum at a concentration of 500 μg/well Similarly, insect toxicity bioassays of GgChi (50 μg) against nymphs of Bemisia tabaci showed 14% reduction in adult emergence and 14% increase in mortality rate in comparison to control values. The GgChi (1.5 mg) protein showed significant reduction in a population of flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) after 35 days, but lower reactivity against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). The results of this study provide detai.led insight on functional characterization of a family 18 class III acidic plant endochitinase.
An implicit hybrid method for the computation of rotorcraft flows
Authors: Woodgate M. A. , Barakos G. N. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThere is a wide variety of CFD grid types including Cartesian, structured, unstructured and hybrids, as well as, numerous methodologies of combining these to reduce the time required to generate high-quality grids around complex configurations. If the grid methodologies were implemented in different codes, they should be written in such a way as to obtain the maximum performance from the available computer resources. A common interface should also be required to allow for ease of use. However, it is very time consuming to develop, maintain and add extra functionally to different codes. This paper examines the possibility of taking an existing CFD solver, the Helicopter Multi-Block (HMB) CFD method, and implementing a new grid type while reusing as much as possible the original code base. The paper presents some of the challenges encountered in extending the code which was written for a single mesh type, to a more flexible solver that is still computationally efficient but can cope with a variety of grid types.
Research Priorities for Optimizing Long-term Community Integration after Brain Injury
Authors: Nalder Emily J. , Zabjek Karl , Dawson Deirdre R. , Bottari Carolina L. , Gagnon Isabelle , McFadyen Bradford J. , Hunt Anne W. , McKenna Suzanne , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Giroux Sylvain , Cullen Nora , Niechwiej-Szwedo Ewa ,   ONF-REPAR ABI Team
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis paper reports on a funded summit, which convened a multidisciplinary group of experts to provide consensus on the research priorities necessary for improving long-term community integration of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their caregivers.MethodsThe 2-day summit was directed using the World Café Methodology, to engage stakeholders and collaboratively arrive at a consensus on the problems to be targeted in research. Participants (n=54), drawn from two Canadian provinces, included an interdisciplinary group of researchers, clinicians, representatives from brain injury associations, individuals with TBI, and caregivers. In small groups, participants discussed challenges to long-term community integration and potential initiatives that would address these barriers. Field notes from the discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe consensus on prioritized research directions included developing interventions to optimize the functioning and participation of individuals with TBI, reducing caregiver burden, and evaluating how emerging technology can facilitate delivery of care.ConclusionsThe World Café Methodology was an effective method for developing research priorities. The breadth of expertise of participants and the collegial environment allowed for the identification of a broad perspective on important future research directions with potential to enhance the long-term community integration of individuals with brain injury.
A Criminological Perspective on Recruitment of Men and Women to Daesh
Authors: Sarnecki Jerzy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCriminological research usually directs its focus at traditional forms of offending. The purpose of this article is to discuss the extent to which traditional criminological theories can be used to understand a modern form of terrorism. The main issue to explain is why young men and women from a Western European country, such as Sweden, are joining Daesh in Iraq and Syria. The conclusion is that many criminology theories are useful to analyse the factors behind the affiliation to Daesh. The majority of those recruited into this organization have in many respects a similar background to individuals recruited to other forms of serious organized violent crimes. It should be noted that many of the theories discussed in the paper are more relevant for the understanding of why men join Daesh. When it comes to the recruitment of women these theories’ explanatory value is more limited. However, this applies also to these theories’ ability to explain female crime in general.