bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cutting parameter on tool wear of HSS tool in drilling of Kevlar composite panel
Authors: Iqbal M , Bahri S , Akram A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper reports the tool wear in the drilling of composite panel in various cutting conditions. The drilling process was applied to 4mm thickness Kevlar composite panel by using HSS drill tool (2 flutes, 12 mm diameter, 17 mm length and 118° drill point angle). The process was conducted by using a vertical machining center. The tool wear was measured by using an optical microscope with the max precision 0.01 µm. The drilling process was conducted with a constant feed rate (75 mm/min) and three levels of spindle rotation speeds (1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm). Each cutting condition was applied to two different drill tools. In order to investigate the wear rate, the tool wear was measured in several levels of cutting time (i.e., after drilling of 5, 10, 20 and 30 drill holes). The result of the experiment shows that the cutting speed gives significant effect to the tool wear of HSS drill tool when drilling Kevlar composite panel. Higher cutting speed produced higher tool wear at any cutting time level. The result of the experiment also shows the effect of continuous / discontinuous cutting. Higher tool wear was found in a direct 20 holes drilling, compare to paused drilling (i.e., start with 10 holes, pause for 20 minutes then continue with other 10 holes).
The spare part maintenance of cake breaker conveyor with reliability centered spares method
Authors: Sembiring N , Batubara YP 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The company that this research conducted is a manufacturing industry that produces CPO. Many machines in the production section need maintenance activities so that existing machines can work without inhibiting the production process. At seed processing station, there is CBC machine that experienced frequent occurrence damage. The machine applies corrective maintenance regardless of reliability machine production components, consequently, often occur sudden machine damage. Calculation of time interval-based maintenance policy scheduled discard task and needs a replacement component (spare part) that should be available are concerned with an optimal using method of Reliability-centered Spares (RCS). Based on the results of the calculations are based on a policy scheduled discard task then obtained a policy to perform maintenance on a screw conveyor components is 91 days, hangers and bearings are 40 days, jig-drilled couplings is 21 days. The result of the method of RCS acquired number of screw conveyor parts needs with this type of repair of repairable spare is 3 units for one year, while jig-drilled couplings with this type of repair repairable, need spare part 27 units for a year, as well as the hangers and bearing with this type of repair of repairable spare part, needs 21 units for one year.
Expandable human cardiovascular progenitors from stem cells for regenerating mouse heart after myocardial infarction
Authors: Schwach Verena , Gomes Fernandes Maria , Maas Saskia , Gerhardt Sophie , Tsonaka Roula , van der Weerd Louise , Passier Robert , Mummery Christine L , Birket Matthew J , Salvatori Daniela C F 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsCardiovascular diseases caused by loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide due in part to the low regenerative capacity of the adult human heart. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are a potential cell source for cardiac repair. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of extensive remuscularization and coincident revascularization on cardiac remodelling and function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) by transplanting doxycycline (DOX)-inducible (Tet-On-MYC) hPSC-derived CPCs in vivo and inducing proliferation and cardiovascular differentiation in a drug-regulated manner.Methods and resultsCPCs were injected firstly at a non-cardiac site in Matrigel suspension under the skin of immunocompromised mice to assess their commitment to the cardiovascular lineage and ability to self-renew or differentiate in vivo when instructed by systemically delivered factors including DOX and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). CPCs in Matrigel were then injected intra-myocardially in mice subjected to MI to assess whether expandable CPCs could mediate cardiac repair. Transplanted CPCs expanded robustly both subcutis and in the myocardium using the same DOX/growth factor inducing regime. Upon withdrawal of these cell-renewal factors, CPCs differentiated with high efficiency at both sites into the major cardiac lineages including CMs, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. After MI, engraftment of CPCs in the heart significantly reduced fibrosis in the infarcted area and prevented left ventricular remodelling, although cardiac function determined by magnetic resonance imaging was unaltered.ConclusionReplacement of large areas of muscle may be required to regenerate the heart of patients following MI. Our human/mouse model demonstrated that proliferating hPSC-CPCs could reduce infarct size and fibrosis resulting in formation of large grafts. Importantly, the results suggested that expanding transplanted cells in situ at the progenitor stage maybe be an effective alternative causing less tissue damage than injection of very large numbers of CMs.
Tree Strata Structure in an Ecotone among the Amazon Forest Types: A Comparative Study
Authors: Canetti Aline , Braz Evaldo Muñoz , de Mattos Patrícia Póvoa , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Basso Renato Olivir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work aimed to describe the structural dynamics of the Transitional Amazonian Forest and to evaluate whether the most abundant tree species present a structural pattern. As it is an ecotone composed of two forest types, a high composition complexity is expected. Forest analysis occurred with six 100 percent inventories data considering all trees with diameter at breast height ≥15.7 in., totalizing over 13 000 ac. The study areas were compared in terms of tree density, number of species, and importance value of the most abundant species. The Morisita index and the cluster analysis tested the forests similarity. We also evaluated the importance value of species in the upper and middle strata. Differences between study areas were detected regarding tree density and number of species. However, the forests presented more than 75 percent similarity and were grouped in three structural clusters. Some species showed alternations of dominance in the middle and upper strata. Although the forest is an ecotone, the trees had a structural pattern, where the same species dominate large areas, allowing us to apply the results on a huge scale.
Acute kidney injury after thoracic surgery: a proposal for a multicentre evaluation (MERITS)
Authors: Naruka Vinci , Mckie Mikel A , Khushiwal Rasoel , Clayton James , Aresu Giuseppe , Peryt Adam , Villar Sofía S , MacKay Jon , Coonar Aman S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Because the mortality rate is very low in thoracic surgery, its use as a quality discriminator is limited. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a candidate measure because it is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality and is partly preventable. The incidence of AKI after thoracic surgery is not well documented. We conducted an audit to determine the incidence and outcomes of AKI. This audit became a pilot project, and the results indicate the feasibility of a larger study.

METHODS
Retrospective data on renal function post-thoracic surgery were collected at a tertiary cardiothoracic unit over 12 months. Renal impairment was classified according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

RESULTS
Of 568 patients (mean = 59  ±  SD 18; 38% women), AKI was diagnosed in 86 (15.1%) within 72 h post-thoracic surgery based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes staging system (stage 1, n = 55; stage 2, n = 25; stage 3, n = 6). Significant differences were found in postoperative length of stay (3 vs 5 days; P < 0.001) of patients with and without AKI. There was a significant difference between the age groups of patients with and without AKI (P < 0.05) in the open surgical group but not in the group having video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). There was no significant difference in the mortality rates between patients with and without AKI.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of AKI after thoracic surgery was 15.1%. AKI was associated with longer hospital stays and was more likely in ≥60-year-old patients after open surgery than after VATS. Reducing AKI could improve patient outcomes. We propose that AKI may be a useful quality measure in thoracic surgery. We are developing a multicentre audit based on this approach.
Conjugation of Different Immunogenic Enterococcal Vaccine Target Antigens Leads to Extended Strain Coverage
Authors: Romero-Saavedra F , Laverde D , Kalfopoulou E , Martini C , Torelli R , Martinez-Matamoros D , Sanguinetti M , Huebner J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnterococci have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. Alternative treatments or prevention options are aimed at polysaccharides and surface-related proteins that play important roles in pathogenesis. Previously, we have shown that 2 Enterococcus faecium proteins, the secreted antigen A and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, as well as the Enterococcus faecalis polysaccharide diheteroglycan, are able to induce opsonic and cross-protective antibodies. Here, we evaluate the use of glycoconjugates consisting of these proteins and an enterococcal polysaccharide to develop a vaccine with broader strain coverage. Diheteroglycan was conjugated to these 2 enterococcal proteins. Rabbit sera raised against these glycoconjugates showed Immunoglobulin G titers against the corresponding conjugate, as well as against the respective protein and carbohydrate antigens. Effective opsonophagocytic killing for the 2 sera was observed against different E. faecalis and E. faecium strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against whole bacterial cells showed immune recognition of 22 enterococcal strains by the sera. Moreover, the sera conferred protection against E. faecalis and E. faecium strains in a mouse infection model. Our results suggest that these glycoconjugates are promising candidates for vaccine formulations with a broader coverage against these nosocomial pathogens and that the evaluated proteins are potential carrier proteins.
Revision of fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) subspecies using genetics
Authors: Archer Frederick I , Brownell Robert L , Hancock-Hanser Brittany L , Morin Phillip A , Robertson Kelly M , Sherman Kathryn K , Calambokidis John , Urbán R Jorge , Rosel Patricia E , Mizroch Sally A , Panigada Simone , Taylor Barbara L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) are currently recognized, including the northern fin whale (B. p. physalus), the southern fin whale (B. p. quoyi), and the pygmy fin whale (B. p. patachonica). The Northern Hemisphere subspecies encompasses fin whales in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. A recent analysis of 154 mitogenome sequences of fin whales from these two ocean basins and the Southern Hemisphere suggested that the North Pacific and North Atlantic populations should be treated as different subspecies. Using these mitogenome sequences, in this study, we conduct analyses on a larger mtDNA control region data set, and on 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 144 of the 154 samples in the mitogenome data set. Our results reveal that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales can be correctly assigned to their ocean basin with 99% accuracy. Results of the SNP analysis indicate a correct classification rate of 95%, very low rates of gene flow among ocean basins, and that distinct mitogenome matrilines in the North Pacific are interbreeding. These results indicate that North Pacific fin whales should be recognized as a separate subspecies, with the name B. p. velifera Cope in Scammon 1869 as the oldest available name.
Nutrition & Exercise Interventions in Pediatric Patients with Brain Tumors: A Narrative Review
Authors: Runco Daniel V , Yoon Lisa , Grooss Samantha A , Wong Christopher K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Brain tumors have been the most common pediatric solid tumor and leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Improved survival emphasizes the importance of adverse treatment effects especially related to nutrition and exercise. Although studies have examined nutrition and exercise outcomes, few randomized trials exist. This narrative review included a systematic literature search with analysis of controlled or single group studies examining clinical and quality-of-life impact of nutrition or exercise interventions. Seven articles were included. Three nutrition studies demonstrated improvement with proactive feeding tubes, nutritional supplementation, and nutritional status. Two exercise studies showed improvement in measures of fitness and neuroanatomy with exercise in pediatric brain tumor survivors; two cohort studies demonstrated a link between quality of life and physical activity. Preliminary studies show nutrition and exercise may improve physical well-being and quality of life, suggesting future controlled studies are warranted to inform clinical care of children with brain tumors.
Supervisory Leadership at the Frontlines: Street-Level Discretion, Supervisor Influence, and Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Attitude Towards Clients
Authors: Keulemans Shelena , Groeneveld Sandra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Steering street-level bureaucrats is utterly complex due to their discretion and professional status which grant them relative autonomy from supervisory directives. Drawing from transformational leadership theory, this article explores the opportunities these work conditions provide for supervisory leadership at the frontlines. Looking at street-level bureaucrats’ attitude towards clients, we analyze how the frontline supervisor affects this core perception that protrudes the human judgments street-level bureaucrats are required to pass in their use of their discretion. Using a survey dataset of 971 street-level bureaucrats and their 203 frontline supervisors, this study shows that frontline supervisors function as an attitudinal role model to street-level bureaucrats. Moreover, their supportive leadership behaviors are crucial to them upholding a positive attitude towards clients. Supportive leadership does not unequivocally strengthen the supervisor’s position as an attitudinal referent, though. These findings challenge pessimistic assessments of the potential for supervisory leadership at the frontlines. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands
Authors: Yao Chaoqun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania spp. cause leishmaniasis, which clinically exhibit mainly as a cutaneous, mucocutanous or visceral form depending upon the parasite species in humans. The disease is widespread geographically, leading to 20 000 annual deaths. Here, leishmaniases in both humans and animals, reservoirs and sand fly vectors on the Caribbean islands are reviewed. Autochthonous human infections by Leishmania spp. were found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Trinidad and Tobago; canine infections were found in St. Kitts and Grenada; and equine infections were found in Puerto Rico. Imported human cases have been reported in Cuba. The parasites included Leishmania amazonensis, Le. martiniquensis and Le. waltoni. Possible sand fly vectors included Lutzomyia christophei, Lu. atroclavatus, Lu. cayennensis and Lu. flaviscutellata as well as Phlebotomus guadeloupensis. Reservoirs included rats, rice rats and mouse opossum. An updated study is warranted for the control and elimination of leishmaniasis in the region because some of the data are four decades old.
Psychometric Properties of Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Studies With the Aim of Developing a Test Protocol for Persons With Vestibular Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Danneels Maya , Van Hecke Ruth , Keppler Hannah , Degeest Sofie , Cambier Dirk , van de Berg Raymond , Van Rompaey Vincent , Maes Leen 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Patients suffering from vestibular disorders (VD) often present with impairments in cognitive domains such as visuospatial ability, memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed. These symptoms can be attributed to extensive vestibular projections throughout the cerebral cortex and subcortex on the one hand, and to increased cognitive-motor interference (CMI) on the other hand. CMI can be assessed by performing cognitive-motor dual-tasks (DTs). The existing literature on this topic is scarce and varies greatly when it comes to test protocol, type and degree of vestibular impairment, and outcome. To develop a reliable and sensitive test protocol for VD patients, an overview of the existing reliability and validity studies on DT paradigms will be given in a variety of populations, such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and elderly.

Design:
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An extensive literature search on psychometric properties of cognitive-motor DTs was run on MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Databases. The studies were assessed for eligibility by two independent researchers, and their methodological quality was subsequently evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).

Results and Conclusions:
Thirty-three studies were included in the current review. Based on the reliability and validity calculations, including a static as well as dynamic motor task seems valuable in a DT protocol for VD patients. To evoke CMI maximally in this population, both motor tasks should be performed while challenging the vestibular cognitive domains. Out of the large amount of cognitive tasks employed in DT studies, a clear selection for each of these domains, except for visuospatial abilities, could be made based on this review. The use of the suggested DTs will give a more accurate and daily life representation of cognitive and motor deficiencies and their interaction in the VD population.
Psychobiological Responses Reveal Audiovisual Noise Differentially Challenges Speech Recognition
Authors: Bidelman Gavin M. , Brown Bonnie , Mankel Kelsey , Nelms Price Caitlin 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
In noisy environments, listeners benefit from both hearing and seeing a talker, demonstrating audiovisual (AV) cues enhance speech-in-noise (SIN) recognition. Here, we examined the relative contribution of auditory and visual cues to SIN perception and the strategies used by listeners to decipher speech in noise interference(s).

Design:
Normal-hearing listeners (n = 22) performed an open-set speech recognition task while viewing audiovisual TIMIT sentences presented under different combinations of signal degradation including visual (AVn), audio (AnV), or multimodal (AnVn) noise. Acoustic and visual noises were matched in physical signal-to-noise ratio. Eyetracking monitored participants’ gaze to different parts of a talker’s face during SIN perception.

Results:
As expected, behavioral performance for clean sentence recognition was better for A-only and AV compared to V-only speech. Similarly, with noise in the auditory channel (AnV and AnVn speech), performance was aided by the addition of visual cues of the talker regardless of whether the visual channel contained noise, confirming a multimodal benefit to SIN recognition. The addition of visual noise (AVn) obscuring the talker’s face had little effect on speech recognition by itself. Listeners’ eye gaze fixations were biased toward the eyes (decreased at the mouth) whenever the auditory channel was compromised. Fixating on the eyes was negatively associated with SIN recognition performance. Eye gazes on the mouth versus eyes of the face also depended on the gender of the talker.

Conclusions:
Collectively, results suggest listeners (1) depend heavily on the auditory over visual channel when seeing and hearing speech and (2) alter their visual strategy from viewing the mouth to viewing the eyes of a talker with signal degradations, which negatively affects speech perception.
Surgical Management of an Ileal J-Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Volvulus
Authors: Geers Joachim , Bislenghi Gabriele , D’Hoore André , Wolthuis Albert M. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:
A restorative proctocolectomy with an IPAA is the surgical treatment of choice for medically refractory ulcerative colitis. Until now, a pouch volvulus has been considered a rare complication, only described in case reports and small case series. The aim of this technical note was to develop a standardized approach to allow a minimally invasive treatment.

TECHNIQUE:
First, an endoscopic decompression of the pouch is attempted. Subsequently, an exploratory laparoscopy is performed. If the endoscopic decompression was successful, a complete laparoscopic reduction is feasible. Once the integrity of the pouch is confirmed, a bilateral pouchopexy is performed, using multifilament interrupted sutures. Finally, the pouch patency is tested by pouchoscopy.

RESULTS:
Between December 2010 and December 2018, 151 minimally invasive restorative proctocolectomies with an IPAA were performed. Eighty-nine IPAAs were constructed with the mesentery positioned anteriorly, 35 posteriorly, and 27 on the right side. Three patients were diagnosed with an IPAA volvulus. All 3 of the patients were in the anterior group (3.4%) compared with 0 patients in the nonanterior group. One patient (33%) was treated laparoscopically, after a successful endoscopic reduction. In the other 2 cases, conversion to a laparotomy was needed because an endoscopic decompression could not be achieved.

CONCLUSION:
An endoscopic decompression was required to allow a laparoscopic treatment, and a bilateral pouchopexy was needed to avoid recurrence. This standardized approach might be a good treatment option, and we are awaiting additional follow-up to determine its long-term durability. In addition to the already described risk factors (minimally invasive technique, female sex, and low BMI), an anterior positioning of the pouch mesentery might be a potential risk factor as well for pouch volvulus. However, these observations should be carefully interpreted, considering the small number of cases.