bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TiO2 Nanostructures as Anode Materials for Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Vazquez‐Santos Maria B. , Tartaj Pedro , Morales Enrique , Amarilla Jose Manuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHere we summarize some results on the use of TiO2 nanostructures as anode materials for more efficient Li‐ion (LIBs) and Na‐ion (NIBs) batteries. LIBs are the leader to power portable electronic devices, and represent in the short‐term the most adequate technology to power electrical vehicles, while NIBs hold promise for large storage of energy generated from renewable sources. Specifically, TiO2 an abundant, low cost, chemically stable and environmentally safe oxide represents in LIBs an alternative to graphite for applications in which safety is mandatory. For NIBs, TiO2 anodes (or more precisely negative electrodes) work at low voltage, assuring acceptable energy density values. Finally, assembling different TiO2 polymorphs in the form of nanostructures decreases diffusion distances, increases the number of contacts and offering additional sites for Na+ storage, helping to improve power efficiency. More specifically, in this contribution we highlighted our work on TiO2 anatase mesocrystals of colloidal size. These sophisticate materials; showing excellent textural properties, have remarkable electrochemical performance as anodes for Li/Na‐ion batteries, with conventional alkyl carbonates electrolytes and safe electrolytes based on ionic liquids.
How concept familiarity and experience with scientific argumentation are related to the way groups participate in an episode of argumentation
Authors: Grooms Jonathon , Sampson Victor , Enderle Patrick 
Published: March 2018

AbstractScientific argumentation, as conceptualized in the literature, emphasizes the importance of students' social and epistemic interactions for the purposes of developing and critiquing knowledge. Students, therefore, must understand the scientific criteria for evaluating the quality of argumentative structures and interactions. Yet, a question remains as to how students' knowledge about a science concept influences their ability to productively engage in argumentative discourse about a topic. This study explored several hypotheses related to the interaction between the depth of students' familiarity with content involved in an argumentative interaction and their understanding of the scientific practice itself. Multiple triads of students completed a set of two argumentation tasks at two times during the year, in between which students had the opportunity to learn about scientific argumentation and one of the two chemistry concepts focused on in the tasks. Video records of the students' discussions were analyzed to determine the quality of their argumentation. The results indicate that a positive relationship does exist between content familiarity and high quality argumentation, especially as it relates to students epistemic and social interactions. Additional analyses suggest that students can also take up and use epistemic characteristics of scientific argumentation in contexts where the science content is unfamiliar. Further results and their implications are discussed.
Paraphrase Without Plagiarism: Use RRLC (Read, Reread, List, Compose)
Authors: Kettel Raymond P. , DeFauw Danielle L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany students plagiarize unintentionally. Students are told that plagiarizing is claiming someone else's ideas or information as their own, and they are told to cite sources because failure to do so is dishonest and plagiarism has serious consequences. So, students are told to paraphrase, not plagiarize, but are they taught explicitly how to paraphrase? Even when a writer summarizes a source, plagiarism can result if the writer stays too close to the wording or sentence structure of the original source. Plagiarism can be avoided through students’ use of the RRLC (read, reread, list, compose) strategy. When students use the RRLC strategy to compose a summary and to paraphrase content from a bulleted list, they write using their own unique syntax, thus avoiding plagiarism.
Quantitative evaluation of fetal right and left ventricular fractional area change using speckle‐tracking technology
Authors: DeVore G. R. , Klas B. , Satou G. , Sklansky M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo measure, using speckle‐tracking technology, the fractional area change (FAC) of the right and left ventricles in normal fetal hearts between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation.MethodsThe four‐chamber view of the fetal heart was obtained in 200 normal fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. FAC was computed from the ventricular areas (((end‐diastolic area − end‐systolic area)/end‐diastolic area) × 100) for the right and left ventricles, and regressed against seven independent biometric and age variables. FAC was correlated with longitudinal fractional shortening (LFS) (((end‐diastolic longitudinal length − end‐systolic longitudinal length)/end‐diastolic longitudinal length) × 100) obtained from the mid‐ventricular basal–apical lengths of the right and left ventricular chambers and with transverse fractional shortening (TFS) (((end‐diastolic transverse length − end‐systolic transverse length)/end‐diastolic transverse length) × 100) from three transverse positions (base, mid, apical) located within each ventricular chamber. To evaluate potential clinical utility, FAC, LFS and TFS results were examined in nine fetuses with a congenital heart defect (CHD).ResultsRegression analysis demonstrated significant associations between FAC and the independent biometric and age variables (R2 = 0.13–0.15). FAC was significantly correlated with LFS (R2 = 0.18–0.28) and TFS (R2 = 0.13–0.33). Examination of the fetuses with CHD revealed that six of the nine had abnormal FAC Z‐score values for the index pathological ventricle. When abnormal LFS and TFS values were compared to the FAC in these fetuses, the FAC was either abnormally low or normal.ConclusionsThis study reports results from measuring the FAC of the right and left ventricles, and demonstrates a correlation with LFS and TFS. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Radar‐based structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades: The case of damage localization
Authors: Arnold Philip , Moll Jochen , Mälzer Moritz , Krozer Viktor , Pozdniakov Dimitry , Salman Rahmi , Rediske Stephan , Scholz Markus , Friedmann Herbert , Nuber Andreas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis short communication reports on a radar approach for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades. Therefore, a bistatic frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the frequency range from 33.4 to 36.0 GHz has been developed and tested experimentally using a laboratory wind turbine demonstrator. A differential damage localization framework is presented here that exploits signal differences between measurements from the intact and the damaged structure for 3D imaging of the defect. We have achieved the localization of a 30‐mm cut in a glass fiber composite structure as well as the localization of a water pack at the backside of the specimen with a localization error of several centimeters.
Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) devices: Production and applications for sustained protein delivery
Authors: Lee Parker W. , Pokorski Jonathan K. 
Published: March 2018

Injectable or implantable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) devices for the sustained delivery of proteins have been widely studied and utilized to overcome the necessity of repeated administrations for therapeutic proteins due to poor pharmacokinetic profiles of macromolecular therapies. These devices can come in the form of microparticles, implants, or patches depending on the disease state and route of administration. Furthermore, the release rate can be tuned from weeks to months by controlling the polymer composition, geometry of the device, or introducing additives during device fabrication. Slow‐release devices have become a very powerful tool for modern medicine. Production of these devices has initially focused on emulsion‐based methods, relying on phase separation to encapsulate proteins within polymeric microparticles. Process parameters and the effect of additives have been thoroughly researched to ensure protein stability during device manufacturing and to control the release profile. Continuous fluidic production methods have also been utilized to create protein‐laden PLGA devices through spray drying and electrospray production. Thermal processing of PLGA with solid proteins is an emerging production method that allows for continuous, high‐throughput manufacturing of PLGA/protein devices. Overall, polymeric materials for protein delivery remain an emerging field of research for the creation of single administration treatments for a wide variety of disease. This review describes, in detail, methods to make PLGA devices, comparing traditional emulsion‐based methods to emerging methods to fabricate protein‐laden devices.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide‐Based Structures
Susceptibility of spring‐flowering garden plants to herbivory by mule deer
Authors: Conover Michael R. , Hulvey Kristin B. , Monroe Megan L. , Fitzgerald Collin B. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMany people look forward to spring flowers, only to discover that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) have eaten the sprouting plants and flower buds. One potential method to prevent this problem is to grow unpalatable flowering plants in gardens where deer herbivory is expected, but this requires knowledge about the relative palatability of plant species. We examined spring‐flowering plants in gardens located in Cache County, Utah, USA (2010 through 2017), and recorded the proportion of leaves and flower buds browsed by mule deer. Mule deer browsing was greatest on tulips (Tulipa spp.), grape hyacinths (Muscari spp.), and crocuses (Crocus spp.) and lowest on iris (Iris spp.) and daffodils (Narcissus spp.) We hypothesized that the first plants to sprout in the spring experienced greater levels of deer herbivory because of the lack of alternate plants that deer can browse during that time of year. To test this hypothesis, we started plants in greenhouses so that they sprouted at the same time. We then placed these plants in locations throughout Cache Valley where there were deer trails and deer feces. Among these plants, tulip, liatris (Liatris spp.), and grape hyacinth were browsed heavily, suggesting that deer found these plants palatable. In contrast, crocus were rarely eaten, suggesting that deer damage on this plant results more from its early sprouting rather than its palatability. Planting unpalatable plants may be a viable approach to reducing homeowners’ angst from finding that their spring‐flowering plants have been browsed. Wildlife biologists and Cooperative Extension agents should find our results useful when guiding homeowners in selecting which spring‐flowering plants to grow in areas where deer herbivory can be expected. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The Impact of Total Body Prehabilitation on Post‐Operative Outcomes After Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Luther Alison , Gabriel Joseph , Watson Richard P. , Francis Nader K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in perioperative care, post‐operative clinical and functional outcomes after major abdominal surgery can be suboptimal. Prehabilitation programmes attempt to optimise a patient’s preoperative condition to improve outcomes. Total body prehabilitation includes structured exercise, nutritional optimisation, psychological support and cessation of negative health behaviours. This systematic review aims to report on the current literature regarding the impact of total body prehabilitation prior to major abdominal surgery.MethodsRelevant studies published between January 2000 and July 2017 were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database. All studies published in a peer‐reviewed journal, assessing post‐operative clinical and functional outcomes, following a prehabilitation programme prior to major abdominal surgery were included. Studies with less than ten patients, or a prehabilitation programme lasting less than 7 days were excluded.ResultsSixteen studies were included, incorporating 2591 patients, with 1255 undergoing a prehabilitation programme. The studies were very heterogeneous, with multiple surgical sub‐specialties, prehabilitation techniques, and outcomes assessed. Post‐operative complication rate was reduced in six gastrointestinal studies utilising either preoperative exercise, nutritional supplementation in malnourished patients or smoking cessation. Improved functional outcomes were observed following a multimodal prehabilitation programme. Compliance was variably measured across the studies (range 16–100%).ConclusionsThere is substantial heterogeneity in the prehabilitation programmes used prior to major abdominal surgery. A multimodal approach is likely to have better impact on functional outcomes compared to single modality; however, there is insufficient data either to identify the optimum programme, or to recommend routine clinical implementation.
The Association Between Dissatisfaction with Debriefing and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Rescue and Recovery Workers for the Oklahoma City Bombing
Authors: Tran Duy Vu , North Carol S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate potential association between psychopathology and subjective evaluation of the experience of debriefing in disaster-exposed rescue and recovery workers.MethodsStructured diagnostic interviews for DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders were conducted with 166 firefighters who served as rescue and recovery workers for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, who categorized their satisfaction with the debriefing on 4 levels. “Very dissatisfied” responses were examined for their association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with PTSD symptom groups.ResultsBeing “very dissatisfied” with the debriefing was significantly associated with the DSM-III-R avoidance and numbing group and with PTSD.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that debriefing may be an unsatisfactory intervention for people with prominent avoidance and numbing symptoms, such as those with PTSD. These individuals might be better served by referral directly to psychiatric treatment (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:718-722).
Linear Surjective Maps Preserving at Least One Element from the Local Spectrum
Authors: Costara Constantin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLetXbe a complex Banach space and denote by${\cal L}(X)$the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators onX. We prove that if φ:${\cal L}(X) \to {\cal L}(X)$is a linear surjective map such that for each$T \in {\cal L}(X)$andx∈Xthe local spectrum of φ(T) atxand the local spectrum ofTatxare either both empty or have at least one common value, then φ(T) =Tfor all$T \in {\cal L}(X)$. If we suppose that φ always preserves the modulus of at least one element from the local spectrum, then there exists a unimodular complex constantcsuch that φ(T) =cTfor all$T \in {\cal L}(X)$.
Not urbanization level but socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics are associated with presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Generaal Ellen , Timmermans Erik J. , Dekkers Jasper E. C. , Smit Johannes H. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhich neighbourhood factors most consistently impact on depression and anxiety remains unclear. This study examines whether objectively obtained socioeconomic, physical and social aspects of the neighbourhood in which persons live are associated with the presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders.MethodsCross-sectional data are from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety including participants (n = 2980) with and without depressive and anxiety disorders in the past year (based on DSM-based psychiatric interviews). We also determined symptom severity of depression (Inventory of Depression Symptomatology), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and fear (Fear Questionnaire). Neighbourhood characteristics comprised socioeconomic factors (socioeconomic status, home value, number of social security beneficiaries and percentage of immigrants), physical factors (air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water) and social factors (social cohesion and safety). Multilevel regression analyses were performed with the municipality as the second level while adjusting for individual sociodemographic variables and household income.ResultsNot urbanization grade, but rather neighbourhood socioecononomic factors (low socioeconomic status, more social security beneficiaries and more immigrants), physical factors (high levels of traffic noise) and social factors (lower social cohesion and less safety) were associated with the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders. Most of these neighbourhood characteristics were also associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms severity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that it is not population density in the neighbourhood, but rather the quality of socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics that is associated with the presence and severity of affective disorders.
Using online media-sourced seizure data to assess the illegal wildlife trade in Siamese rosewood
Authors: SIRIWAT PENTHAI , NIJMAN VINCENT 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYThe illegal wildlife trade is covert by nature, and thus is often challenging to study. Seizure data is traditionally the most common means to gain insight into the trade for many species. Online media-sourced seizure records were applied to study the illegal trade of Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis), one of 33 timber species of hongmu (rosewood), which is logged to produce luxury products predominantly for Chinese markets. Despite recent international pressure to strengthen the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulations, illegal trade of Siamese rosewood is prevalent in its range states. This paper will explore seizure reports in Thai online media and analyse spatial, temporal and other factors that potentially explain the trade. Between January 2014 and April 2016, 835 independent seizures were reported in 37 of 76 provinces in Thailand. Seizures occurred mostly in the north-eastern and eastern provinces with higher numbers of seizures closer to the border. The number of seizure reports decreased over time, and the average number of logs seized per seizure was consistent over the 28-month study period. Inadequate domestic legislation is a key factor facilitating the trade. Improvements are needed to the legislation and enforcement ahead of implementing other regional timber-specific initiatives and regulations. In this specific context, CITES also appears to be unacknowledged and ineffective in hampering the Siamese rosewood trade. Importantly, we find that using media-sourced seizure data is highly apt in Thailand's context, considering Thailand's sensitive political state and the prevalence of trade in other non CITES-listed rosewood species. The approach demonstrated here is applicable to many other wildlife species.
In situ measurements of snow accumulation in the Amundsen Sea Embayment during 2016
Authors: Johnson Joanne S. , O’Donnell John P. , Thomas Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMeasurements of snow accumulation are critical for reliable prediction of future ice mass loss and hence projections of sea level change. However, there are currently very few published in situ measurements of snow accumulation in the Pine Island–Thwaites glacier catchment of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, and none from low elevation sites west of 100.77° longitude. Here measurements of snow accumulation over an 11 month period in 2016 are reported for six sites in the Pine Island–Thwaites glacier catchment. The average accumulation rates of 0.10±0.01 to 1.26±0.22 m w.e. yr-1 are comparable with those derived from airborne radar for the period 1985–2009, suggesting very high rates of snowfall, particularly in the vicinity of the grounding line.
Religion and Foreign Aid
Authors: Blackman Alexandra Domike 
Published: March 2018

AbstractForeign aid allocations represent one of several important economic policy tools used by governments to realize their foreign policy objectives. Using a conjoint survey of respondents in the United States, this paper shows that recipient country religion is a significant determinant of individual-level foreign aid preferences. In particular, respondents express a preference for giving to Christian-majority countries in contrast to Muslim- or Buddhist-majority countries. This effect is comparable with that of other important determinants of support for foreign aid, such as a country's status as a U.S. ally or trade partner. Importantly, the preference for Christian recipient countries is especially pronounced among Christian, and most notably Evangelical Christian, respondents. This paper explores two potential mechanisms for the effect of religion: country religion as a heuristic and an individual-level preference for giving to co-religionists.
Lower Levels of Resistance to Change (but not Opposition to Equality) Is Related to Analytic Cognitive Style
Authors: Yilmaz Onurcan , Saribay S. Adil 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In recent years, there has been increasing research attention to cognitive style differences between liberals and conservatives. While some studies have found a negative relation between conservatism and analytic thinking tendency, others have not observed such a relation. None of these studies has measured the core motives underlying conservative ideology and investigated their relation with analytic cognitive style (ACS). We predicted that ACS is related to only one of the core motives underlying conservatism (resistance to change), but not the other (opposition to equality). This hypothesis was supported in three non-Western samples (total n = 1,552). This finding may clarify why some studies found a relation between cognitive style and conservatism, while others did not.
The elusive abnormal CO2 insertion enabled by metal-ligand cooperative photochemical selectivity inversion
Authors: Schneck Felix , Ahrens Jennifer , Finger Markus , Stückl A. Claudia , Würtele Christian , Schwarzer Dirk , Schneider Sven 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDirect hydrogenation of CO2 to CO, the reverse water–gas shift reaction, is an attractive route to CO2 utilization. However, the use of molecular catalysts is impeded by the general reactivity of metal hydrides with CO2. Insertion into M–H bonds results in formates (MO(O)CH), whereas the abnormal insertion to the hydroxycarbonyl isomer (MC(O)OH), which is the key intermediate for CO-selective catalysis, has never been directly observed. We here report that the selectivity of CO2 insertion into a Ni–H bond can be inverted from normal to abnormal insertion upon switching from thermal to photochemical conditions. Mechanistic examination for abnormal insertion indicates photochemical N–H reductive elimination as the pivotal step that leads to an umpolung of the hydride ligand. This study conceptually introduces metal-ligand cooperation for selectivity control in photochemical transformations.