bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘One Person’s Evidence Is Another Person’s Nonsense’: Why Police Organizations Resist Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Kalyal Hina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the noted importance of evidence-based policing (EBP) strategies, police organizations have been slow to adopt them. The present study aims to identify internal and external organizational factors that lead to resistance towards EBP. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 38 executive level police officers and members of police research organizations across Canada. Results reveal that resistance towards EBP is mainly due to organizational factors that arise from within the organization as well as external factors that are political in nature. Although the findings would be helpful for police organizations to reduce resistance to EBP, they must be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size preventing the generalization of results.
Cortical Contributions to Distinct Symptom Dimensions of Catatonia
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Kubera Katharina M , Northoff Georg , Fritze Stefan , Bertolino Alina L , Topor Cristina E , Schmitgen Mike M , Wolf Robert C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Catatonia is a central aspect of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and most likely associated with abnormalities in affective, motor, and sensorimotor brain regions. However, contributions of different cortical features to the pathophysiology of catatonia in SSD are poorly understood. Here, T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging data at 3 T were obtained from 56 right-handed patients with SSD. Using FreeSurfer version 6.0, we calculated cortical thickness, area, and local gyrification index (LGI). Catatonic symptoms were examined on the Northoff catatonia rating scale (NCRS). Patients with catatonia (NCRS total score ≥3; n = 25) showed reduced surface area in the parietal and medial orbitofrontal gyrus and LGI in the temporal gyrus (P < .05, corrected for cluster-wise probability [CWP]) as well as hypergyrification in rostral cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyrus when compared with patients without catatonia (n = 22; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Following a dimensional approach, a negative association between NCRS motor and behavior scores and cortical thickness in superior frontal, insular, and precentral cortex was found (34 patients with at least 1 motor and at least 1 other affective or behavioral symptom; P < .05, corrected for CWP). Positive associations were found between NCRS motor and behavior scores and surface area and LGI in superior frontal, posterior cingulate, precentral, and pericalcarine gyrus (P < .05, corrected for CWP). The data support the notion that cortical features of distinct evolutionary and genetic origin differently contribute to catatonia in SSD. Catatonia in SSD may be essentially driven by cortex variations in frontoparietal regions including regions implicated in the coordination and goal-orientation of behavior.
On-the-road driving performance the morning after bedtime administration of lemborexant in healthy adult and elderly volunteers
Authors: Vermeeren Annemiek , Jongen Stefan , Murphy Patricia , Moline Margaret , Filippov Gleb , Pinner Kate , Perdomo Carlos , Landry Ishani , Majid Oneeb , Van Oers Anita C M , Van Leeuwen Cees J , Ramaekers Johannes G , Vuurman Eric F P M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Study Objectives
To assess potential effects of lemborexant on next-morning driving performance in adult and elderly healthy volunteers.

Methods
Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo and active-controlled, four period incomplete crossover study in 48 healthy volunteers (22 females), 23–78 years old. Participants were treated at bedtime for eight consecutive nights with two of three dose levels of lemborexant (2.5, 5, or 10 mg), zopiclone 7.5 mg (on the first and last night with placebo on intervening nights), or placebo. Driving performance was assessed in the morning on days 2 and 9 using a standardized highway driving test in normal traffic, measuring standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP). Drug–placebo differences in SDLP &gt;2.4 cm were considered to reflect clinically meaningful driving impairment.

Results
Mean drug–placebo differences in SDLP following lemborexant 2.5, 5, and 10 mg on days 2 and 9 were 0.74 cm or less. The upper bound of the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lemborexant treatment groups were all below 2.4 cm and the 95% CIs included zero, indicating that the effects were neither clinically meaningful nor statistically significant. Symmetry analysis further supported the lack of clinically meaningful impairment with lemborexant.

Conclusions
When assessed starting ~9 h after lemborexant administration at bedtime the previous night, there was no statistically significant or clinically meaningful effect on driving performance in healthy adults and elderly, as assessed by either mean differences in SDLP relative to placebo or symmetry analysis. In this study, lemborexant at doses up to 10 mg was well-tolerated.

Clinical Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02583451. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02583451.
Don’t Be a Serial Citer. Synthesize!
Authors: Monsivais Diane B. , Robbins Leslie K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes an interactive teaching-learning strategy titled “Don’t Be a Serial Citer. Synthesize!” The strategy is used during an onsite, face-to-face orientation to help new graduate nursing students overcome the tendency to be “serial citers.” Although the primary purpose is to develop students’ beginning skills at performing synthesis writing, there are important secondary outcomes attached to the experience, including the opportunity for students to be involved in a positive experience during group work and getting to know their classmates. This activity takes approximately two hours to complete.
High-Impact Community Clinical Experiences to Promote Health and Enhance Well-Being of Older Adults
Authors: Livsey Kae Rivers , Sheppard Francine Hebert , Danielle Martin J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Given the complex needs of the aging population, nurse educators must prepare future registered nurses to help older adults remain safe and healthy in their homes. This article describes partnerships between a school of nursing and low-income senior housing providers to develop new, high-impact community-based learning experiences. Baccalaureate nursing students conducted home visits in low-income senior housing communities and engaged in a research study to quantify activities conducted by students and the impact the home visits had on client personal health goal attainment.
Influence of Sex and Body Language on Patient Perceptions of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Forkin Katherine T. , Dunn Lauren K. , Kaperak Christopher J. , Potter Jennifer F. , Bechtel Allison J. , Kleiman Amanda M. , Huffmyer Julie L. , Collins Stephen R. , Lyons Genevieve R. , Ma Jennie Z. , Nemergut Edward C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Patient perception of physician competence is important. The role of body language and physician sex on patient perceptions has not been investigated. The authors hypothesized that patients perceive anesthesiologists displaying confident body language as more competent and that patients would prefer male anesthesiologists.

Methods
Two hundred adult patients presenting to the Preanesthesia Evaluation and Testing Center at the University of Virginia Health System were recruited to participate using consecutive sampling. Patients viewed four 90-s videos in random order. Each video featured a male or female actor displaying confident, high-power poses or unconfident, low-power poses. Each actor recited the same script describing general anesthesia. Patients were randomized (100 per group) to view one of two sets of videos to account for any actor preferences. Participants ranked each actor anesthesiologist on perceived confidence, intelligence, and likelihood of choosing that anesthesiologist to care for their family member. Participants also chose the one actor anesthesiologist who seemed most like a leader.

Results
Two hundred patients watched the videos and completed the questionnaire. Actor anesthesiologists displaying confident, high-power body language had greater odds of being ranked as more confident (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.76 to 2.92; P < 0.0001), more intelligent (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.18; P < 0.0001), more likely chosen to care for one’s family member (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.82 to 3.02; P < 0.0001), and more likely to be considered a leader (odds ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.65; P < 0.0001). Actor anesthesiologist sex was not associated with ranking for any response measures.

Conclusions
Patients perceive anesthesiologists displaying confident body language as more confident, more intelligent, more like a leader, and are more likely to choose that anesthesiologist to care for their family member. Differences in patient perceptions based on sex of the anesthesiologist were not detected.
Effects of Phantom Electrode Stimulation on Vocal Production in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Caldwell Meredith T. , Jiradejvong Patpong , Limb Charles J. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
Cochlear implant (CI) users suffer from a range of speech impairments, such as stuttering and vocal control of pitch and intensity. Though little research has focused on the role of auditory feedback in the speech of CI users, these speech impairments could be due in part to limited access to low-frequency cues inherent in CI-mediated listening. Phantom electrode stimulation (PES) represents a novel application of current steering that extends access to low frequencies for CI recipients. It is important to note that PES transmits frequencies below 300 Hz, whereas Baseline does not. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of PES on multiple frequency-related characteristics of voice production.

Design:
Eight postlingually deafened, adult Advanced Bionics CI users underwent a series of vocal production tests including Tone Repetition, Vowel Sound Production, Passage Reading, and Picture Description. Participants completed all of these tests twice: once with PES and once using their program used for everyday listening (Baseline). An additional test, Automatic Modulation, was included to measure acute effects of PES and was completed only once. This test involved switching between PES and Baseline at specific time intervals in real time as participants read a series of short sentences. Finally, a subjective Vocal Effort measurement was also included.

Results:
In Tone Repetition, the fundamental frequencies (F0) of tones produced using PES and the size of musical intervals produced using PES were significantly more accurate (closer to the target) compared with Baseline in specific gender, target tone range, and target tone type testing conditions. In the Vowel Sound Production task, vowel formant profiles produced using PES were closer to that of the general population compared with those produced using Baseline. The Passage Reading and Picture Description task results suggest that PES reduces measures of pitch variability (F0 standard deviation and range) in natural speech production. No significant results were found in comparisons of PES and Baseline in the Automatic Modulation task nor in the Vocal Effort task.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that usage of PES increases accuracy of pitch matching in repeated sung tones and frequency intervals, possibly due to more accurate F0 representation. The results also suggest that PES partially normalizes the vowel formant profiles of select vowel sounds. PES seems to decrease pitch variability of natural speech and appears to have limited acute effects on natural speech production, though this finding may be due in part to paradigm limitations. On average, subjective ratings of vocal effort were unaffected by the usage of PES versus Baseline.
The role of febuxostat in gout
Authors: Bardin Thomas , Richette Pascal 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Concerns about the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat lead to reconsideration of the place of febuxostat in the management of gout.

Recent findings
The CARES trial is a randomized controlled trial mandated by the FDA to compare the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in the management of gout. About 6190 patients with gout and major cardiovascular disease, randomly assigned to allopurinol or febuxostat, were prospectively followed up for a median of 32 months. No difference was noted in the occurrence of the primary end-point event, a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina with urgent revascularization, but cardiovascular death was significantly more common in the febuxostat group (4.3%) as compared with the allopurinol group (3.2%) (P = 0.03).

Summary
Present guidelines on the management of gout should be revised in view of recent findings. Allopurinol could be recommended as the sole first-line urate-lowering drug (ULD) in patients with no contraindication. In patients contraindicated to allopurinol, uricosurics could be preferred to febuxostat as first-line ULDs in patients with cardiovascular disease/risk factors and no history of uric acid stones.
Diagnostic advances in synovial fluid analysis and radiographic identification for crystalline arthritis
Authors: Zell Monica , Zhang Dawen , FitzGerald John 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
The present review addresses diagnostic methods for crystalline arthritis including synovial fluid analysis, ultrasound, and dual energy CT scan (DECT).

Recent findings
There are new technologies on the horizon to improve the ease, sensitivity, and specificity of synovial fluid analysis. Raman spectroscopy uses the spectral signature that results from a material's unique energy absorption and scatter for crystal identification. Lens-free microscopy directly images synovial fluid aspirate on to a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chip, providing a high-resolution, wide field of view (∼20 mm2) image. Raman spectroscopy and lens-free microscopy may provide additional benefit over compensated polarized light microscopy synovial fluid analysis by quantifying crystal density in synovial fluid samples. Ultrasound and DECT have good sensitivity and specificity for the identification of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. However, both have limitations in patients with recent onset gout and low urate burdens.

Summary
New technologies promise improved methods for detection of MSU and CPP crystals. At this time, limitations of these technologies do not replace the need for synovial fluid aspiration for confirmation of crystal detection. None of these technologies address the often concomitant indication to rule out infectious arthritis.
The Total Cost to the Health Care System in Medicare and Medicaid Patients for the Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , McKenzie James C. , Casper David S. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Woods Barret I. , Radcliff Kris E. , Rihn Jeffery A. , Anderson David Greg , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Cervical myelopathy is a common indication for spine surgery. Modern medicine demands high quality, cost-effective treatment. Most cost analyses fail to account for complication costs from nonoperative treatment. The purpose is to compare the total health care costs for operative versus nonoperative treatment of cervical myelopathy.

Methods:
The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Carrier File from 2005 to 2012 was reviewed using the PearlDiver database, representing a 5% sampling of Medicare billings which diagnosed patients with cervical myelopathy by International Classification of Diseases 9 code. Patients were separated into operative and nonoperative cohorts, and the total health care expenditures per patient normalized to 2012 dollars were collected.

Results:
A total of 3209 patients were included, and 1755 (55.87%) underwent surgery. A 6-year cost analysis performed on 309 patients over the age of 65 from 2006 undergoing surgery resulted in a nonsignificant increase in total health care expenditures ($166,192 vs. $153,556; P=0.45). Operative treatment had a net decrease in total health care costs following the first year of surgery.

Conclusions:
There is no significant difference in the total health care expenditures for operative versus nonoperative treatment of cervical myelopathy after 3 years. It is critical to understand that nonoperative treatment of this progressive disease leads to a substantial increase in total health care expenditures with increased risk of falls, injury, and further morbidity.
Relationship between vasomotor symptom improvements and quality of life and sleep outcomes in menopausal women treated with oral, combined 17β-estradiol/progesterone
Authors: Mirkin Sebastian , Graham Shelli , Revicki Dennis A. , Bender Randall H. , Bernick Brian , Constantine Ginger D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective:
To characterize the impact of TX-001HR on the relationship between vasomotor symptom (VMS) improvement and quality of life and sleep.

Methods:
REPLENISH (NCT01942668) was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, which evaluated four daily doses of 17β-estradiol and progesterone (E2/P4) combined in a single, oral, softgel capsule in postmenopausal women (40-65 years) with a uterus and moderate to severe VMS (≥7/day or ≥50/week). In post hoc analyses, growth models were used to examine relationships between linear changes in VMS frequency and severity over 12 weeks and changes from baseline in the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL; total score and VMS domain) and the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep (total score, sleep problems indices I and II) questionnaire outcomes at 12 weeks with treatment compared with placebo.

Results:
Outcomes with all four E2/P4 doses were combined (n = 591) and compared with placebo (n = 135). In all 5 growth models, the effects of TX-001HR on MENQOL total score and vasomotor domain were significantly associated with changes in VMS frequency and severity observed over 12 weeks (all, P < 0.001). Treatment-mediated effects on MENQOL via VMS frequency and severity models were significant. Similar results were found with Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep total score and sleep problems indices.

Conclusions:
TX-001HR improvements in quality of life and sleep outcomes are associated with and may be mediated through improvements in VMS frequency and severity.
Insights on Multiple Myeloma Treatment Strategies
Authors: Mateos María‐Victoria , Ludwig Heinz , Bazarbachi Ali , Beksac Meral , Bladé Joan , Boccadoro Mario , Cavo Michele , Delforge Michel , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Facon Thierry , Geraldes Catarina , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hájek Roman , Hansson Markus , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Leiba Merav , Masszi Tamás , Mendeleeva Larisa , O’Dwyer Michael , Plesner Torben , San‐Miguel Jesús F. , Straka Christian , van de Donk Niels W.C.J. , Yong Kwee , Zver Samo , Moreau Philippe , Sonneveld Pieter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe introduction of new agents and management strategies over the past decade has resulted in a major step change in treatment outcomes with deepening responses and increased survival for patients with multiple myeloma. In daily clinical practice, healthcare professionals are now faced with challenges including, optimal treatment sequencing and changing treatment goals. In light of this, a group of experts met to discuss diagnostic and treatment guidelines, examine current clinical practice, and consider how new clinical trial data may be integrated into the management of multiple myeloma in the future.
Evaluation of Patent Blue as the Vital Dye in an Animal Model of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Ho Wei-Ting , Chang Jung-Shen , Chen Tsan-Chi , Chou San-Fang , Wang I-Jong , Chang Shu-Wen 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and feasibility of patent blue (PB) as the vital dye in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
Bovine corneal endothelial cells were incubated with different concentrations (0.02%–2.5%) of PB. The cell viability, which was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was compared with that of untreated control and 0.06% to 0.4% trypan blue. The dyes were also used for graft preparation and implantation in the porcine eye model to evaluate stain quality, dye retention, and the feasibility of using PB in DMEK surgery.

Results:
No obvious increase in cytotoxicity was detected for 0.06% to 0.4% trypan blue and PB at concentrations up to 1.0%, but the cell viability after incubating with 1.5% to 2.5% PB was significantly reduced. PB at 0.5% to 1.0% generated good staining quality that can be used to facilitate graft implantation. Although the staining quality of 0.5% to 1.0% PB faded to an intermediate level after a 30-minute wash in phosphate-buffered saline, dye retention persisted for up to 24 hours.

Conclusions:
PB at 0.5% to 1.0% is biocompatible and can stain the graft sufficiently, making it an alternative for DMEK surgery.
Direct and Indirect Flap Measurements in Femtosecond Laser–Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Crispim Joao , Allemann Norma , Hallak Joelle A. , Azar Dimitri T. , De La Cruz Jose 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To compare direct and indirect LASIK flap thickness measurements using ultrasound and Scheimpflug technology.

Methods:
Eighty-two eyes treated with laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis refractive surgery using a femtosecond laser (IntraLase FS150) were prospectively included in the study. Flap thickness was set to 115 μm. Corneal flap thickness was measured using the direct method—ie, ultrasound pachymetry immediately after flap construction in the presence of cavitation bubbles—and indirect methods, with subtraction of intraoperative post-lift corneal thickness measured using ultrasound pachymetry (intrastroma) from preoperative central corneal thickness using ultrasound (Indirect-US) or Scheimpflug thinnest pachymetry (Indirect-Scheimpflug).

Results:
Mean flap thickness was overestimated using the indirect methods, Indirect-US and Indirect-Scheimpflug (122.6 ± 24.5 μm and 128.1 ± 26.1 μm, respectively; P < 0.0060 and P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant correlations between the direct and indirect methods. Indirect-Scheimpflug was significantly higher (P = 0.0122) than Indirect-US. The closest average flap thickness compared with the set parameter of 115 μm was that of the direct method (115.6 ± 8.6 μm; 95% confidence interval: −1.3 to 2.5; P = 0.5163). The direct method provided the lowest SD of all groups (SD: 8.64).

Conclusions:
The direct method of flap thickness measurement was the most comparable to the set parameter compared with the indirect subtraction methods. Additional studies are needed to determine which method allows for the most accurate measurement of flap thickness.