bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bivariate Luminosity Function of Galaxy Pairs
Authors: Feng 冯 Shuai 帅 , Shen 沈 Shi-Yin 世银 , Yuan 袁 Fang-Ting 方婷 , Luo 罗 A-Li 阿理 , Zhang 张 Jian-Nan 健楠 , Wang 汪 Meng-Xin 梦欣 , Wang 汪 Xia 霞 , Li 李 Yin-Bi 荫碧 , Hou 侯 Wen 文 , Kong 孔 Xiao 啸 , Guo 郭 Yan-Xin 炎鑫 , Zuo 左 Fang 芳 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We measure the bivariate luminosity function (BLF) of galaxy pairs and use it to probe and characterize the galaxy–galaxy interaction between pair members. The galaxy pair sample is selected from the main galaxy sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey and supplied with a significant number of redshifts from the LAMOST spectral and GAMA surveys. We find the BLFs depend on the projected distance d
p between pair members. At large separation d
p > 150 h
−1 kpc, the BLF degenerates into a luminosity function of single galaxies, indicating few interactions between pair members. At 100 h
−1 kpc ≤ d
p ≤ 150 h
−1 kpc, the BLF starts to show a correlation between pair members, in the sense that the shape of the conditional luminosity function (CLF) of one member galaxy starts to depend on the luminosity of the other member galaxy. Specifically, the CLF with a brighter companion has a steeper faint-end slope, which becomes even more significant at 50 h
−1 kpc ≤ d
p ≤ 100 h
−1 kpc. This behavior is consistent with the scenario—and also is the observational evidence—that dynamic friction drives massive major merger pairs to merge more quickly. At close distance d
p ≤ 50 h
−1 kpc, aside from the merging timescale effect, the BLF also shows an overall brightening of ΔM

r
≥ 0.04 mag, which reveals the enhanced star formation of the close-pair phase. By combining this with the statistical conclusion that the star formation rate of late-type galaxies in close pairs is enhanced at a level of about 40%, we further conclude that the average starburst timescale of close pairs is as long as 0.4 Gyr.
An Observational Link between AGN Eddington Ratio and [N ii]λ6583/Hα at 0.6 < z < 1.7
Authors: Oh Kyuseok , Ueda Yoshihiro , Akiyama Masayuki , Suh Hyewon , Koss Michael J. , Kashino Daichi , Hasinger Günther 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present an observed relationship between the Eddington ratio (λ
Edd) and the optical narrow-emission-line ratio ([N ii]λ6583/Hα) of X-ray-selected broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 0.6 < z < 1.7. We use 27 near-infrared spectra from the Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph along with 26 sources from the literature. We show that the λ
Edd and [N ii]λ6583/Hα ratio at 0.6 < z < 1.7 exhibits a similar anti-correlation distribution of λ
Edd−[N ii]λ6583/Hα, as has been found for local (

), ultra-hard, X-ray-selected AGNs. The observed distribution implies that there is a consistent relationship from local to z ∼ 1.7, which corresponds from the present time to 4 Gyr old. Further study of high-redshift, low-Eddington-ratio AGNs (log λ
Edd < −2) is necessary to determine fully whether the λ
Edd−[N ii]λ6583/Hα anti-correlation still holds in high-redshift AGNs at low Eddington ratios.
Energy-conserving Relativistic Corrections to Strong-shock Propagation
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Astrophysical explosions are accompanied by the propagation of a shockwave through an ambient medium. Depending on the mass and energy involved in the explosion, the shock velocity V can be nonrelativistic (V ≪ c, where c is the speed of light), ultrarelativistic (V ≃ c), or moderately relativistic (V ∼ few × 0.1c). While self-similar energy-conserving solutions to the fluid equations that describe the shock propagation are known in the nonrelativistic (the Sedov–Taylor blastwave) and ultrarelativistic (the Blandford–McKee blastwave) regimes, the finite speed of light violates scale invariance and self-similarity when the flow is only mildly relativistic. By treating relativistic terms as perturbations to the fluid equations, here we derive the

, energy-conserving corrections to the nonrelativistic Sedov–Taylor solution for the propagation of a strong shock. We show that relativistic terms modify the post-shock fluid velocity, density, pressure, and the shock speed itself, the latter being constrained by global energy conservation. We derive these corrections for a range of post-shock adiabatic indices γ (which we set as a fixed number for the post-shock gas) and ambient power-law indices n, where the density of the ambient medium ρ
a into which the shock advances declines with spherical radius r as ρ
a ∝ r
−n
. For Sedov–Taylor blastwaves that terminate in a contact discontinuity with diverging density, we find that there is no relativistic correction to the Sedov–Taylor solution that simultaneously satisfies the fluid equations and conserves energy. These solutions have implications for relativistic supernovae, the transition from ultra- to subrelativistic velocities in gamma-ray bursts, and other high-energy phenomena.
Self-organized Criticality in Solar and Stellar Flares: Are Extreme Events Scale-free?
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We search for outliers in extreme events of statistical size distributions of astrophysical data sets, motivated by the Dragon-King hypothesis of Sornette, which suggests that the most extreme events in a statistical distribution may belong to a different population, and thus may be generated by a different physical mechanism, in contrast to the strict power-law behavior of self-organized criticality models. Identifying such disparate outliers is important for space weather predictions. Possible physical mechanisms to produce such outliers could be generated by sympathetic flaring. However, we find that Dragon-King events are not common in solar and stellar flares, identified in 4 out of 25 solar and stellar flare data sets only. Consequently, small, large, and extreme flares are essentially scale-free and can be modeled with a single physical mechanism. In very large data sets (N ≳ 104) we find significant deviations from ideal power laws in almost all data sets. Nevertheless, the fitted power-law slopes constrain physical scaling laws in terms of flare areas and volumes, which have the highest nonlinearity in their scaling laws.
Four new species of the genusCymatodera(Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae) from the Neotropics, with some taxonomic and biogeographic remarks
Authors: Burke Alan F. , Sole Catherine L. , Scholtz Clarke H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe four new species in the genusCymatoderaGray (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Tillinae):Cymatodera acuminataandCymatodera unicafrom Mexico,Cymatodera parvafrom El Salvador and Honduras, andCymatodera magdalenafrom Colombia. A distribution map of the new species is given. All relevant diagnostic characters are extensively figured and discussed. Finally, we include some biogeographic and taxonomic remarks for selected species.
Analysis of the coupling of electromagnetic pulses into shielded enclosures of vulnerable systems
Authors: Fisahn Sven , Koj Sebastian , Garbe Heyno 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In order to predict the immunity to electromagnetic interference of
vulnerable systems, not only the electronic system but also its enclosure has
to be taken into consideration. In this work, the coupling behavior of
electromagnetic pulses (EMP) and continuous wave (CW) signals into the
shielded enclosure of a generic system is investigated by metrological and
numerical methods. Since this enclosure forms an unwanted or parasitic cavity
resonator, the enclosure`s resonance behavior as well as the characteristic
quantities, i.e., the resonance frequencies and corresponding quality factors
are of great interest, too. The usage of an optical field sensor reduces the
influence of the measuring setup on the investigated system and thus, enables
the analysis of the enclosure's resonance behavior, which delivers revealing
information about the dependence of the quality factor on the aperture size
of the enclosure.
At the Edge of Time: Postcolonial Temporalities in An Intimate Rebuke
Authors: Hawthorne Sîan Melvill 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this response I challenge the neglect of postcolonial theory in Laura Grillo's An Intimate Rebuke: Female Genital Power in Ritual and Politics in Côte d'Ivoire and argue instead for its inclusion as a resource for immanent critique. I argue that Grillo's text enhances and enriches the way we may think about time and politics in the postcolonial moment, but that it may in turn also be revitalised and strengthened by speaking with and to postcolonial thought, adding it to the lexicon and strategies of displacement Grillo identifies in practices of female genital power and the matri-archive they reference.
Co2 Capture and Transformation to Ethanol using Dehydrogenase Cascade at Cathode in Bioelectrochemical System (BES): Role of Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Pant Deepak , Srikanth Sandipam , Vanbroekhoven Karolien 
Published: July 2019

Industrial revolution, a consequence of the rapid economic growth, has contributed to ever increasing demand for energy and has resulted in about 40% rise in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 400 ppm in 2015. Abundant use of fossil fuels has become a cause of concern due to their adverse effects on the environment, particularly related to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major contributor of GHG. In this context, CO2 capture and is storage or transformation gained significance in the recent research scenario. Various matured CO2 capture technologies such as amine based capture, needs high energy input, especially in desorption process and are also not sustainable in nature. Alternatively, carbonic anhydrase (CA) proved to be more efficient in capturing CO2 at faster rate and also needs less energy input for desorption process. However, utilization of the captured CO2 is more important rather than its capture, to close the carbon cycle and recycle it. In this direction, bioelectrochemical system (BES) is presenting an exciting opportunity with a possibility of simultaneous CO2 capture and biotransformation to value-added products in a sustainable way. Both microbes and enzymes were studied as catalyst in BES, though the application of enzymes is less foreseen. Present study demonstrates the biotransformation of CO2 to ethanol using a cascade of dehydrogenases [formate dehydrogenase (FateDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaldDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AlcDH)] together on the electrode of BES. Further to that, carbonic anhydrase (CA) was also included in the cascade and found that the product yield increased by 15% contributing to ethanol production rate of ∼0.6 kg/m3/h along with current density of ∼2 A/m2. When the FaldDH was excluded from the cascade also, there is no reduction in productivity of ethanol. It was surprising to get ethanol instead of methanol but based on literature, it is also possible for the production of ethanol directly from formic acid, which is economically more viable.
Arabian Dugongs of Qatar: Updates from a Renewed Research Initiative
Authors: Warren Christopher , Dupont Jennifer , Marshall Christopher , Al-Ansi Mehsin 
Published: July 2019

Dugongs (“bugarah al bahr” or “cow of the sea”) in Qatar and the wider Arabian Gulf, are animals of both historic and cultural significance to the people in the region. Historically hunted in Qatar, today they are seen as a symbol for conservation in a country that is trying to balance rapid modernization and coastal development with protection of marine biodiversity, as outlined in the Qatar National Vision 2030.Qatar and the Arabian Gulf are home to the largest population of dugongs outside of Australia and is the most important region for dugongs in the western portion of their range. As long-lived large mammals with low reproductive output dugongs are vulnerable to exploitation and are listed as Vulnerable to Extinction by the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature). Currently, dugongs in Qatar face many threats including incidental fisheries bycatch and habitat degradation. The extreme marine and physical environment of the Arabian Gulf, as well as the northern limit of dugong distribution, likely means that their life-history differs from populations in Australia. However, there are virtually no life history data for Qatari dugongs and the species remains mostly unstudied.A solid understanding of dugong natural history is necessary to develop a successful management and conservation program. Our knowledge of dugong natural history in Qatar and the Arabian Gulf is poor compared to our knowledge of dugongs in Australia (where the largest population exists). Although approximately 6000 dugongs were estimated to live in the Arabian Gulf including Qatar, this number has not been verified. Sporadic research has been conducted on the Qatari population, including work in 1986 which recorded the largest single dugong group of 577 individuals in the waters between Qatar and Bahrain. More recently, in 2008, the Qatar Ministry of Environment conducted surveys that expanded the area around Qatar where dugongs were observed.Our current study applies similar techniques from the past (boat-based and beach surveys) with newer techniques (aerial surveys using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [UAVs], histological analyses) to provide an updated understanding of when, where, and how many dugongs are present in Qatari waters, along with preliminary information on their population demographics. From our 2014–2015 surveys, we have enumerated individuals in a large herd, consistently spotted in the winter months in similar areas to the 1986 and 2008 surveys. A total of 508 individuals (including 51 cow-calf pairs) were counted using images taken from a UAV. Underwater surveys verified that the major activity was foraging upon a mixed stand of seagrasses, Halodule univernis and Halophila ovalis, in clear, shallow water (
Development of Green Inhibitors to Prevent Hydrates Formation, Protect Environment and Reduce Energy Cost in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Atilhan Mert , Qureshi Fahed Aziz , Altamash Tausif , Tariq Muhammad , Khraisheh Majeda 
Published: July 2019

Gas hydrates are identified as ice-liked solid, crystalline compounds having polyhedral water cavities, where gas molecules get trapped during operation under high pressure and low temperature condition. These hydrates have a tendency to completely block the pipelines and can cause major operations shutdown, leading to large economic losses and causing high safety risk in transmission pipelines. Thus, annually the oil and gas sector spends over 100 million US $ on purchase of chemical inhibitors that can help to prevent hydrates formation in subsea lines.These inhibitors are classified into two separate categories, the thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors. The thermodynamic inhibitors act by shifting the hydrates formation temperature and the kinetic inhibitors act by shifting the hydrates formation time. Currently, the thermodynamic inhibitors like Methanol and Methylene ethylene glycol (MEG) are mainly used in industry. These inhibitors are highly flammable and cannot be disposed of easily into the environment. They are required in bulk quantities (>30 wt%) and separate facility is needed for their storage and treatment process. This increases the overall energy cost and leads to major environmental disposal issue. Therefore, there is a high demand for inhibitors that are environmentally friendly and cost effective in oil and gas sector.Ionic liquids (ILs) are salt like compounds that have received attention due to their environmentally friendly, recyclable and non-flammable nature. These ILs have potential to prevent hydrate formation and they can act as both thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors simultaneously. In this work, the Pyrrolidinium based ILs have been tested as gas hydrate inhibitors and synergistic compounds (Syn) are added with these ILs to improve their overall effectiveness. For the first time, the thermodynamic and kinetic study on ILs has been conducted using high dosage mixture of ILs + Syn on methane rich gas mixture to check their effectiveness in preventing gas hydrates formation.All the experiments are performed using a high pressure rocking cell assembly supplied by PSL Systemtechnik GmBH, at different pressures ranging from (40 to 120) bars. According to the tests results, we have evaluated that the mixtures were able to prevent hydrates formation by providing a temperature shift of up to 2.2°C at low pressures and by delaying hydrates formation time by (6 to 14) hours.These results confirm the dual inhibition behaviour of these mixtures, as they were able to shift hydrates formation temperature and delay hydrates formation time simultaneously. The results were also compared with widely known industrial inhibitor methanol and only a difference of 0.5°C was observed. Thus, this research provides an innovative approach towards development of environmentally friendly inhibitors and to reduce energy cost in the oil and gas industry.
A Novel Forward Osmosis Desalination Process for Irrigation and Industrial Purposes
Authors: Sharif Adel Obaid , Aryafar Maryam M. 
Published: July 2019

The availability of clean water for agriculture has become a growing concern because of the increasing global water scarcity. Agriculture sector already accounts for around 70% of the total water withdrawals in the world whereas domestic and industrial water use is about 10% and 21% respectively. Desalinated water has high quality and irrigating with desalinated water would result in 24% increase in the crop yield and assist a 45% reduction in the current water irrigation volume simultaneously. However desalination is an energy intensive process and an expensive option. The current membrane and thermal desalination systems have many limitations, including high energy consumption and capital cost, especially for thermal methods, coupled with negative environmental impacts due to the discharge of brines and chemicals. Forward Osmosis (FO) promises to overcome most of the practical difficulties in conventional RO desalination process such as fouling, scaling, chemical treatment and high power consumption. In addition, FO process gives higher throughput with minimal environmental impact including minimal chemical additives and rejection of waste stream. Forward Osmosis (FO) process has the potential to increase the availability of freshwater both in coastal areas with limited resources and in areas where seawater, salinized groundwater and municipal wastewater are available. The novelty of FO process lies in using natural osmosis as a driving force for water to move across a semi-pearmeable membrane from a solution of low osmotic pressure (seawater) to a solution of high osmotic pressure (DS). The choice of draw solution (DS) has a large impact on the performance and viability of the FO process. The draw solutes should be able to generate high osmotic pressures and be completely regenerated using simple and energy efficient techniques.This study presents a novel FO process for producing irrigation water using thermolytic draw solution. The main energy intensive stage in FO process is the separation of draw solute from the freshwater. In this research, the concept of employing liquefied gas compounds as a draw agent has been investigated among 137 gaseous compounds by determining their high solubility in water. In this process a liquefied gas as DS with high solubility in water resulting high osmotic pressure has been used. The DS could be separated from water by changing the operating temperature and or pressure allowing for an efficient and complete removal of the DS. The modified FO process operates at low hydraulic pressure
Engineering of High Performance Solar Cells for Harsh Desert Environment Applications
Authors: Tabet Nouar , Aissa Brahim , Abdallah Amir , Kivambe Maulid , Cattin Jean , Haschke Jan , Seif Johannes P. , Tomasi Andrea , De Wolf Stefaan , Ballif Christophe 
Published: July 2019

Two major environmental factors affect drastically the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels in the Gulf region, namely the dust accumulation (soiling) and the temperature-induced voltage decrease leading to a power loss. During the last years, intensive R&D activity has been conducted both by the industry and academia to address these major issues. However, recent results obtained in laboratory show that the power loss induced by an increase of the temperature of the panel from 200C to 750C can be reduced by 250% in the case of heterojunction silicon cells as compared to conventional homojunction silicon technology. Consequently, the temperature coefficient of the conversion efficiency represents an important figure of merit for the energy yield of a given photovoltaic technology, especially if planned to operate in Gulf region.In this contribution, we will focus on reviewing current strategies addressing temperature effects on PV panels performance. More specifically, we analyze the dependence of the key characteristics of the solar cells with respect to the temperature and minority carrier injection level, and how various layers making the structure of the device can be engineered in order to maximize the resistance of the cell to temperature degradation.
A Qualitative Study to Develop a New Tool for Handover in the Emergency Department
Authors: Alsheikhly Ahmed Subhy Humadi 
Published: July 2019

الأهداف: تحدد هذه الدراسة أفضل ممارسة لتسليم المناوبة طبية وتقدم أداة جديدة تستخدم لتسليم المسائل السريرية والتشغيلية في نهاية جميع التحولات والمناوبات في أقسام الطوارئ. الأساليب: تم ومراجعة استعراض التراث الطبي لهذا الموضوع. وبعد المقابلات شبه المنظمة والملاحظات لتسليم المناوبات. مع المشاركين من المقيمين والأخصائيين والاستشاريين و كبار الممرضات. تم التوصل الى عملية موحدة لتسليم المناوبة الطبية في قسم الطوارئ للتعرف على أفضل الممارسات المتفق عليها ، واشتقاق أداة لتصنيف المعلومات في الأقسام ذات الصلة. النتائج:المقابلات والاستطلاع حددت مجموعة متنوعة من العجز الحالي المتصورة في التسليم بما في ذلك الافتقار إلى الممارسة الموحدّة والهيكلية وقدم المشاركون أمثلة سلبية للتسليم التي أدت إلى أحداث ضارة على المرضى والعناية الطبية السريرية وشملت هذه التأخير في التحقيقات والعلاج للمرضى الذين تم تسليمهم مع معلومات موجزة أو غير دقيقة واستخدمت ردود الخبراء للتوصل إلى توحيد ‘أفضل ممارسات للمحتوى لتسليم المناوبة. الاستنتاجات وضعت أداة بسيطة لتوفير الأساس لتسليم المناوبة الطبية لأقسام ألطوارئ الذي يتضمن المعلومات السريرية والتشغيلية اللازمة لكفاءة ومنظمة للتحول المقبل.ObjectivesThis study identifies best practice for shift handover and introduces a new tool used to handover clinical and operational issues at the end of all shifts in the emergency department (ED).MethodsLiterature review, semi-structured interviews and observations of handover were used to develop a standardized process for handover. Participants were ED residents, specialists, consultants and senior nurses. Interviews were used to identify agreed best practice and derive a tool to classify the information into relevant sections.ResultsInterviews identified a variety of perceived current deficits in handover including a lack of standardized practice and structure. Participants provided examples of poor handover that were thought to have led to adverse events; these included delay in investigations and treatment for patients who were handed over with brief or inaccurate information. There was wide variation in the understanding of the meaning and purpose of shift handover, and differences were apparent according to the level of experience the individuals interviewed. The experts’ responses were used to reach a unifying ‘best practice’ for the content of handover.ConclusionsA simple tool was developed to provide the basis for medical shift handover, which includes clinical and operational information necessary for efficiency and organization of the next shift.