bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Docking Study of Active Diazenyl Scaffolds as Inhibitors of Essential Targets Towards Antimicrobial Drug Discovery
Authors: Kaur Harmeet , Gahlawat Sudhir , Singh Jasbir , Narasimhan Balasubramanian 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The diazenyl compounds (-N=N- linkage) have been reported to have antimicrobial
activity. In modern drug discovery, the drug-receptor interactions are generally explored by the
molecular docking studies.

Materials and Methods:
Three categories of diazenyl scaffolds were screened for the docking studies
to explore the binding mechanism of interaction with various microbial targets. The diazenyl Schiff
bases (SBN-20, SBN-21, SBN-25, SBN-33, SBN-39, SBN-40 and SBN-42), naphthol pharmacophore
based diazenyl Schiff bases (NS-2, NS-8, NS-12, NS-15, NS-21, and NS-23), morpholine based diazenyl
chalcones (MD-6, MD-9, MD-14, MD-16, MD-20, and MD-21) were docked against various
bacterial and fungal proteins in comparison with different standard drugs. Further, the drug likeliness
and ADME properties of these molecules were predicted by QikProp module of the Schrodinger software.

Results:
Most of the derivatives had shown less docking scores and binding energies towards bacterial
proteins, such as dihydropteroate synthase (PDB:2VEG), glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase
(PDB:2VF5), dihydrofolate reductase (PDB:3SRW) in comparison with the standard drugs. The naphthol
based diazenyl Schiff bases NS-21 and NS-23 were predicted to act on the cytochrome P450 sterol
14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51) (PDB:5FSA) involved in sterol biosynthesis, an essential target for
antifungal drugs. The derivative MD-6, NS-2, NS-21, and NS-23 had shown high docking scores
against bacterial DNA topoisomerase (PDB:3TTZ) in comparison with the standard drug ciprofloxacin.
Further, most of the synthesized derivatives had shown drug like characters.

Conclusion:
Hence, these compounds can be developed as novel antibacterial agents as potent DNA
topoisomerase inhibitors and antifungal agents as CYP51 inhibitors.
Computational Analysis of Arginine Deiminase Sequences to Provide a Guideline for Protein Engineering
Authors: Zarei Mahboubeh , Rahbar Mohammad Reza , Nezafat Navid , Negahdaripour Manica , Morowvat Mohammad Hossein , Ghasemi Younes 
Published: June 2019

Background:Arginine deiminase of Mycoplasma hominis, an arginine catabolizing enzyme, is currently in clinical trial for the treatment of arginine auxotrophic cancers. However, some drawbacks such as instability and antigenicity have limited its application as a protein drug. Arginine Deiminase (ADI) belongs to the guanidino-group modifying enzyme superfamily. Despite differences in the primary amino acid sequences of various members of this superfamily, the folding and secondary structures are conserved in all members. Despite structural similarities, ADIs in various species have different levels of catalytic activity and physicochemical properties due to the differences in their primary amino acid sequences. Therefore, investigating and comparing sequences between different ADI producing bacterial strains could be helpful in the rational engineering of ADI.Objective:In the current research, we used an in-silico approach to characterize and classify the available reviewed protein sequences of ADI.Results:102 ADI sequences from SwissProt database were extracted. Subsequently, based on clustering analyses, the sequence sets were divided into five distinct groups. Different physicochemical properties, solubility, and antigenicity of the enzymes were determined. Some ADI sequences were introduced as well-suited candidates for protein engineering; Lactobacillus fermentum ADI for low pI value, Mycobacterium avium ADI for high aliphatic index, Bacillus licheniformis ADI for low GRAVY index, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens ADI for low antigenicity and high stability index, and among Mycoplasma ADIs, Mycoplasma arthritidis ADI for high stability and aliphatic index, and Mycoplasma capricolum for low antigenicity.
Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Isolated from Thoroughbred Horses Using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) in Korea
Authors: Choi Seong-Kyoon , Park Chul-Song , Cho Gil-Jae 
Published: June 2019

Background:Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a new global molecular typing method used for analyzing the DNA polymorphisms in bacteria. In this study, using MLST, we analyzed the sequence profiles ofStreptococcus (S.) zooepidemicusisolates from the Jeju and Jangsu provinces in South Korea.Objective:This study characterized the molecular epidemiology ofS. zooepidemicusinfection in Thoroughbred horses using MLST with an aim to control and prevent bacterial endometritis in mares.Methods:A total of 79S. zooepidemicusisolates were included in this study. Sequencing of the 7 loci for the MLST analysis was performed as described in the MLST website manual (http://pubmlst.org/szooepidemicus/) with some modifications. For each locus, every unique sequence was assigned a distinct allele number, and each Sequence Type (ST) was defined by a series of 7 integers (the allelic profile) corresponding to the alleles at the 7 loci (arcC,nrdE,proS,spi,tdk,tpi, andyqiL)using the MLST module in the Main Workbench.Results:Among the 79 isolates, 73 different MLST patterns were identified, each corresponding to 1-3 strains. The genetic relationships between the 79 isolates are presented in a dendrogram, and they diverged by up to 11% homology. At 11% homology, three MLST groups, M1, M2, and M3, were identified, and at 26% homology, five subgroups, L1-L5, were observed.We observed various MLST patterns in the strains isolated from Jeju and Jangsu. In addition, by estimating the epidemiological relationships among the strains isolated from Jangsu in 2007 and Jeju in 2009, which had similar MLST patterns, we determined that some strains from Jangsu may have been transported to Jeju.Conclusion:MLST can be used as a framework for determining the epidemiological relationships that form the genetic basis of host and infection site selection.
Phytochemical Constituents, HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS Profile and Bioactivities of Roots and Rhizomes of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr.
Authors: Ahmed Eman F. , Sleem Amany A. , Abbas Fawkeya A. , El-Shafae Azza M. , El-Domiaty Maher M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:The literature survey revealed that there are no sufficient phytochemical and biological studies on the roots and rhizomes of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr., therefore, the present work is concerned with the phytochemical and biological evaluation of this plant.Methods:The shade-dried roots and rhizomes were powdered together, extracted by 85% ethanol and subjected to phytochemical investigation. Biologically, the antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antiallergic and antimicrobial activities were evaluated.Results:The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of 14 compounds including the fatty acid derivative, threo- methyl 9, 10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate (5), that is isolated for the first time from a natural source, in addition to the identification of 72 compounds by HPLC-PDA-ESIMS/ MS analysis including organic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, anthraquinones and lignan derivatives. Biologically, threo- methyl 9, 10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate (5) exerted a potent cytotoxic effect against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines. The total alcoholic extract showed a potent DPPH scavenging activity, a significant decrease in the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and a mild antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (G +ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli (G –ve bacteria).Conclusion:This is the first report on the isolation and identification of threo- methyl 9, 10- dihydroxyoctadecanoate (5) from a natural source, and this novel compound exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines. Moreover, this is the first HPLC-PDA-ESIMS/ MS profiling for this plant.
Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot
Authors: Zatla Amina Tabet , Mami Imane , Dib Mohammed El Amine , Sifi Mohammed El Amine 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown
pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control
methods were exercised.

Introduction:
The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and
in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare.

Methods:
In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype
apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography
(GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated
against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique.
The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium
expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed.

Results:
The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene
(23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and
phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene
oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of
hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum
and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15
mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner,
with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have
demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum
up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control.

Conclusion:
The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an
ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.
”Sinä iče oled vepsläine, voib sanuda, ka?” (tulossa)
Authors: Puura Ulriikka 
Published: June 2019

Ulriikka Puuran suomalais-ugrilaisen kielentutkimuksen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa lauantaina 23. helmikuuta 2019. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Anneli Sarhimaa Mainzin yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Riho Grünthal.
Ulriikka Puura: ”Sinä iče oled vepsläine, voib sanuda, ka?” - Vepsäläisyyden rakentuminen ja 2000-luvun vepsän kieli. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Artikkelimuotoisen väitöskirjan johdanto on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-4878-0.
THE NATIONAL SEGMENT IN THE INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: CONTEMPORARY BELARUSIAN REALITIES
Authors: Kuzminich T. V. 
Published: June 2019

National information resources are an important component of the resource base of the education space. Features of their development in Belarus pose a number of pressing challenges for the library community of this country.The article covers the main types of information resources that were created in Belarus in the last decade and have become an integral part of resourcing for the educational process. It shows the specifics of how the aggregated collection of national printed publications, collections of fulltext electronic information are formed.Possibilities for the development of the national segment in the information support for various entities in the education space involve creating National Electronic Library and implementing a number of other national projects that aim to cumulate separate information units and design information and analytical tools based on them.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING TERINTEGRASI POWERPOINTTERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DI KELAS X SEMESTER II SMA DHARMA PANCASILA T.P 2017/2018
Authors: Nilmalasari Rima , Sinulingga Karya 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inquiry trainingterhadap keterampilan proses sains pada materi pokok Momentum, Impuls dan Tumbukan di kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila T.P. 2017/2018.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Control Group Pre-test Post-test. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan yang terdiri dari 4 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara random sampling yaitu kelas X MIA 1 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan model inquiry trainning terintegrasi powerpoint dan X MIA 2 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang dilakukan berbentuk essai tes sebanyak 7 soal yang telah divalidasi oleh validator. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data post test diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 78,92 dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 68,67.Hasil penelitian yang peroleh bahwa ada perbedaan nilai rata – rata dan aktivitas yang signifikan akibat pengaruh dari model pembelajaran inquiry training terintegrasi powerpoint terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada materi pokok Momentum, Impuls dan Tumbukan kelas X SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan T.P 2017/2018. Kata Kunci: Model pembelajaraninquiry training, keterampilan proses sains, powerpoint
The Miocene flora of Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Florida
Authors: Lott Terry A. , Manchester Steven R. , Corbett Sarah L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The plant fossils of Alum Bluff, northwestern Florida, provide a unique insight into the rarely preserved Miocene flora of the eastern United States. A century has passed since the introductory treatment on the fossil leaf flora of Alum Bluff. More specimens have accumulated over the past two decades, allowing for an updated evaluation of the megafossil flora following a recent study of the palynoflora. The strata consisting of poorly consolidated sand and siltstones with intervening clay layers, here recognized as the Fort Preston Formation of the Alum Bluff Group, are considered to be of Barstovian age (16.3–13.6 Ma), based on co-occurring mammalian remains. Here we recognize 36 kinds of leaves and 10 kinds of fruits and seeds, giving a minimum estimate of at least one fungus, one fern, one gymnosperm, 38 angiosperms and 7 unknowns. We also report one new species and two new combinations. These taxa augment those already reported based on pollen from the same strata, allowing us to portray the vegetation as elm-hickory-cabbage palm forest occurring near the coastline in a deltaic, pro-deltaic, or intertidal shore face environment. The results of a climate analysis of the Alum Bluff flora, using leaf margin and leaf area, give estimates of 19.0°C mean annual temperature and 116.0 cm mean annual precipitation.
Revisions to the fossil sporophyte record of Marsilea
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The fossil record of Marsilea is challenging to assess, due in part to unreliable reports and conflicting opinions regarding the proper application of the names Marsilea and Marsileaceaephyllum to fossil leaves and leaflets similar to those of modern Marsilea. Specimens examined for this study include material assigned to Marsileaceaephyllum johnhallii, purportedly the oldest fossil record of a Marsilea-like sporophyte from the Lower Cretaceous of the Dakota Formation, Kansas, U.S.A.; leaves and leaf whorls of the extinct aquatic angiosperm Fortuna from several Late Cretaceous and Paleocene localities in western North America; and leaves and leaflets resembling Marsilea from the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado and Utah, U.S.A. Literature on the fossil record of Marsilea was also reviewed. As a result, several taxonomic changes are proposed. Marsileaceaephyllum johnhallii is reinterpreted as an aquatic angiosperm that shares some architectural features with the genus Fortuna, although Marsileaceaephyllum is here maintained as a distinct genus with an emended diagnosis; under this reinterpretation, the name Marsileaceaephyllum can no longer be applied to sporophyte organs with affinities to Marsileaceae. Three valid fossil Marsilea species are recognized on the basis of sporophyte material that includes characteristic quadrifoliolate leaves and reticulate-veined leaflets: Marsilea campanica (J. Kvaček & Herman) Hermsen, comb. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Grünbach Formation, Austria; Marsilea mascogos Estrada-Ruiz et al., from the Upper Cretaceous Olmos Formation, Mexico; and Marsilea sprungerorum Hermsen, sp. nov., from the Eocene Green River Formation, U.S.A. The species are distinguished from one another based on leaflet dimensions. Leaves from the Eocene Wasatch Formation, U.S.A., are transferred from Marsileaceaephyllum back to Marsilea, although not assigned to a fossil species. Finally, an occurrence of Marsilea from the Oligocene of Ethiopia is reassigned to Salvinia. A critical evaluation of the fossil record of Marsilea thus indicates that (1) the oldest fossil marsileaceous sporophytes bearing Marsilea-like leaves are from the Campanian; (2) only four credible records of sporophyte material attributable to Marsilea are known; and (3) the oldest dispersed Marsilea spores are known from the Oligocene.
The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort
Authors: Špelić Ivana , Rogale Dubravko , Bogdanić Alka Mihelić 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Former studies done by other authors investigated the first- and second-layered air gaps beneath the clothing garments. None of the previous studies reported multidisciplinary clothing design testing approach linking both the objective measuring methods and subjective responses, while testing the thermal properties linked to a microclimatic volume formed between the layers of garments forming the ensemble. Neither was determined the limiting value of the microclimatic volume for outerwear garments, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection. By taking the advantage of the precise three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and reverse engineering 3D CAD tool, the volume of the microclimatic air layers formed under outerwear garments was determined to study the impact of the ensemble’s microclimatic volume on the overall insulation value, measured by means of the thermal manikin. The jacket with the smaller microclimatic volume provided 5.2–13.5% less insulation than wider jackets, while the ensembles with tighter jackets showed 0.74–1.9% less insulation in static and 0.9–2.7% more insulation in dynamic conditions, thus proving that the limiting value of the microclimatic volume is greater than previously reported for three-layered ensembles. The effective thermal insulation value was reduced in average by 20.98–25.34% between standing and moving manikins. The thermal manikins are designed for steady-state measurements and do not work well under transient conditions, so three human subjects were employed as evaluators of the clothing thermal quality. In cooler climatic conditions, the measured physiological parameters and subjects’ grades pointed to discomfort while wearing ensembles with tighter jackets.
A Study on Improving Dyeability of Polyester Fabric Using Lipase Enzyme
Authors: Kumar Jeyaraman Anandha , Senthil Kumar M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis on synthetic fibers enhances the hydrophilicity and solves the concerns regarding the environmental issues of textile industry. Lipase hydrolyses ester linkages in polyethylene terephthalate and produces polar hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The study aims to identify and investigate the effect of enzyme treatment on weight loss and surface modification of polyester fabrics. Also the functional groups present before and after treatment and the effect of enzyme treatment on the improvement of dye uptake are studied. The test indicates that enzymatic process creates less surface damage, weight loss and improved moisture regain, dye uptake, and shear properties.
The morphogenesis of erosional valleys in the slopes of the Drwęca valley and the properties of their colluvial infills
Authors: Karasiewicz Tomasz , Tobojko Lucyna , Świtoniak Marcin , Milewska Kinga , Tyszkowski Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article characterises Late Glacial and Holocene deposits and provides a morphometric analysis of erosional and denudation valleys in the slope and terraces of the Drwęca Valley near Jajkowo village, a few kilometres east of Brodnica. A detailed field mapping was used to identify in detail two such forms within the western slope of the Drwęca Valley. Based on the results, it was found that the longitudinal profiles of these forms are not aligned (with an inclination of approximately 4˚). The slopes of valley I are asymmetrical, with the southern slope being milder than the northern exposure, which is not the case with form II. Form I is narrower and has a V-shaped cross profile, while II is wider and has a trough-shaped profile cross profile. The side valleys were initially cut by the flow of what were most probably meltwaters and precipitation water from the moraine plateau, then the erosion stopped and the valleys gradually filled and widened mainly as a result of rinsing and mass movements, which may have been increased by man. Currently, forestry use is significantly reducing the activity of slope processes and rinsing. The sediments that fill the bottoms of these forms are usually consist of silt or sandy lithofacies with massive, streaky or deformation horizons. They are characterised by a significant enrichment in organic matter which is typical for colluvial deposits of young glacial areas. The relatively high pH values result from the investigated erosional forms intersecting into sediments rich in calcium carbonate. Moreover, groundwater flowing from the moraine plateau may also be the source of basic components.
Long-term variability of water temperature and salinity at the Polish coast
Authors: Świątek Małgorzata 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The variability of surface water temperature and water salinity at the south coast of the Baltic in the years 1950–2015 was studied in the article. To that aim, monthly surface water temperature values in Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg (from 1957), Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia were used, as well as monthly water salinity values in Międzyzdroje, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, all obtained from IMGW-PIB (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute). Linear regression and Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient of individual monthly, seasonal and annual series of temperature and salinity values over time (in subsequent years) were used to analyse the temporal changes of the examined parameters. In the analysed period a rise in the annual water temperature was recorded in Międzyzdroje, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, while the extent of the changes increased towards the east. There were also positive trends in temperature values in individual months. At the same time, there was a decrease in water salinity, which was also found to be most distinct in the eastern part of the coast. In Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia, statistically significant drops occurred in nearly all months. During the months featuring statistically insignificant trends, the observed change trends were also negative. Concurrent water temperature increases and water salinity decreases consequently caused a decline in sea water surface density at the Polish Baltic coast.