bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of female preference intensity on the permissiveness of sexual trait polymorphisms
Authors: Ponkshe Aditya , Endler John A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent developments in sexual selection theory suggest that on their own, mate preferences can promote the maintenance of sexual trait diversity. However, how mate preferences constrain the permissiveness of sexual trait diversity in different environmental regimes remains an open question. Here, we examine how a range of mate choice parameters affect the permissiveness of sexual trait polymorphism under several selection regimes. We use the null model of sexual selection and show that environments with strong assortative mating significantly increase the permissiveness of sexual trait polymorphism. We show that for a given change in mate choice parameters, the permissiveness of polymorphism changes more in environments with strong natural selection on sexual traits than in environments with weak selection. Sets of nearly stable polymorphic populations with weak assortative mating are more likely to show accidental divergence in sexual traits than sets of populations with strong assortative mating. The permissiveness of sexual trait polymorphism critically depends upon particular combinations of natural selection and mate choice parameters.
Bison body size and climate change
Authors: Martin Jeff M. , Mead Jim I. , Barboza Perry S. 
Published: April 2018

The relationship between body size and temperature of mammals is poorly resolved, especially for large keystone species such as bison (Bison bison). Bison are well represented in the fossil record across North America, which provides an opportunity to relate body size to climate within a species. We measured the length of a leg bone (calcaneal tuber, DstL) in 849 specimens from 60 localities that were dated by stratigraphy and 14C decay. We estimated body mass (M) as M = (DstL/11.49)3. Average annual temperature was estimated from δ18O values in the ice cores from Greenland. Calcaneal tuber length of Bison declined over the last 40,000 years, that is, average body mass was 37% larger (910 ± 50 kg) than today (665 ± 21 kg). Average annual temperature has warmed by 6°C since the Last Glacial Maximum (~24–18 kya) and is predicted to further increase by 4°C by the end of the 21st century. If body size continues to linearly respond to global temperature, Bison body mass will likely decline by an additional 46%, to 357 ± 54 kg, with an increase of 4°C globally. The rate of mass loss is 41 ± 10 kg per°C increase in global temperature. Changes in body size of Bison may be a result of migration, disease, or human harvest but those effects are likely to be local and short‐term and not likely to persist over the long time scale of the fossil record. The strong correspondence between body size of bison and air temperature is more likely the result of persistent effects on the ability to grow and the consequences of sustaining a large body mass in a warming environment. Continuing rises in global temperature will likely depress body sizes of bison, and perhaps other large grazers, without human intervention.
Mental load during cognitive performance in complex regional pain syndrome I
Authors: Breimhorst M. , Dellen C. , Wittayer M. , Rebhorn C. , Drummond P.D. , Birklein F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with deficits in limb recognition. The purpose of our study was to determine whether mental load during this task affected performance, sympathetic nervous system activity or pain in CRPS patients.MethodsWe investigated twenty CRPS‐I patients with pain in the upper extremity and twenty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Each participant completed a limb recognition task. To experimentally manipulate mental load, the presentation time for each picture varied from 2 s (greatest mental load), 4, 6 to 10 s (least mental load). Before and after each run, pain intensity was assessed. Skin conductance was recorded continuously.ResultsPatients with CRPS did not differ from controls in terms of limb recognition and skin conductance reactivity. However, patients with CRPS reported an increase in pain during the task, particularly during high mental load and during the latter stages of the task. Interestingly, state anxiety and depressive symptoms were also associated with increases in pain intensity during high mental load.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that high mental load intensifies pain in CRPS. The increase of pain in association with anxiety and depression indicates a detrimental effect of negative affective states in situations of high stress and mental load in CRPS.SignificanceThe effects of mental load need to be considered when patients with CRPS‐I are investigated for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons.
Hyperpolarization‐activated channels shape temporal patterns of ectopic spontaneous discharge in C‐nociceptors after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Bernal L. , Roza C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain is thought to be mediated by aberrant impulses from sensitized primary afferents, and the temporal summation of the discharges might also influence nociceptive processing. Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels (Ih current) generate rhythmic activity in neurons within the central nervous system and contribute to nociceptors excitability in neuropathic pain.MethodsWe searched for single fibres with ectopic spontaneous discharges from an in vitro preparation in mice containing a neuroma formed in a peripheral branch of the saphenous nerve together with the undamaged branches.ResultsBoth damaged (axotomized) and undamaged fibres (putative intact) developed ectopic spontaneous activity with different temporal spike trains: Clock‐like, Irregular or Bursts. The Ih current blocker, ZD7288, significantly suppressed ectopic spontaneous discharges in nociceptive fibres (3/5 Aδ‐ and 24/31 C‐units and 1 nonclassified) by 64%. Additionally, ZD7288 changed the spike patterns of 5/7 Clock‐like and 3/4 Burst units to Irregular. Exogenous cAMP produced a significant ~65% increase in the ectopic firing in 5 Irregular fibres, which was restored by ZD7288. In six additional fibres (three Clock‐like and three Irregular), exogenous cAMP had no further effect, but co‐application with ZD7288 decreased their discharge by half. These units showed significant higher levels of discharges than the cAMP‐sensitive ones.ConclusionsOur data suggest that HCN channels modulate ectopic spontaneous firing in C‐nociceptors and shape their temporal patterns of discharge which will, ultimately, modify the nociceptive message received and processed by second‐order neurons.SignificanceWe show an involvement of HCN channels in the modulation of ectopic spontaneous discharges from C‐nociceptors. This finding exposes a mechanism of nociceptive transmission enhancement and highlights the clinical relevance of peripheral HCN blockade for spontaneous pain relief during neuropathy.
Has aerobic exercise effect on pain perception in persons with migraine and coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain? A randomized, controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Krøll L.S. , Sjödahl Hammarlund C. , Gard G. , Jensen R.H. , Bendtsen L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundA large subset of persons with migraine suffers from coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain which may adversely affect the prognosis of migraine. Aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease migraine burden in these persons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of aerobic exercise in persons with migraine and coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain can be explained by changes in pain perception.MethodSeventy consecutively recruited persons with migraine and coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain were randomized into exercise group or control group. Aerobic exercise consisted of bike/cross‐trainer/brisk walking for 45 min, three times/week for 3 months. Controls continued their usual daily activities. Pericranial tenderness, pain thresholds, supra‐thresholds and temporal summation were assessed at baseline, after treatment and at follow‐up (6 months from baseline).ResultsFifty‐two persons with migraine and coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain completed the study. Aerobic exercise did not induce consistent changes in nociceptive pathways measured by pericranial tenderness, pressure pain thresholds and sensitivity to electrical stimulation.ConclusionThe effect of aerobic exercise cannot be explained by measurable effects on the pain modulation system. Thus, the positive effect on migraine burden may rather be explained by positive alteration of avoidance behaviour. Aerobic exercise can be recommended as a safe and inexpensive migraine treatment strategy.SignificanceThis study adds further knowledge about the positive effect of aerobic exercise for persons with migraine and coexisting tension‐type headache and neck pain. This effect cannot be measured by changes in pain modulation, but may rather be explained by positive alteration of avoidance behaviour.
Microelectrode Biosensors for in vivo Analysis of Brain Interstitial Fluid
Authors: Chatard Charles , Meiller Anne , Marinesco Stéphane 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemical analyses of brain interstitial fluid can reveal important information about local brain metabolism and neurochemistry, and can enhance our understanding of how neuronal networks respond to physiological or pathological stimuli. Among brain monitoring methods currently available, microelectrode biosensors provide real‐time analyses with high temporal resolution and minimal perturbation to living tissue by using oxidase enzymes for biological recognition. Two types of microelectrodes are used: cylindrically shaped wire electrodes provide the smallest implantable devices to date, and microfabricated multi‐electrode needles can monitor several molecules simultaneously. They have already contributed significantly to our understanding of brain energy metabolism with glucose and lactate detection, and to neurotransmitter systems with glutamate, D‐serine, acetylcholine, and purine detection. They have the potential to undergo further technological developments in future studies.
Electrochemically Driven C−H Hydrogen Abstraction Processes with the Tetrachloro‐Phthalimido‐N‐Oxyl (Cl4PINO) Catalyst
Authors: Buckingham Mark A. , Cunningham William , Bull Steven D. , Buchard Antoine , Folli Andrea , Murphy Damien M. , Marken Frank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe radical redox mediator tetrachloro‐phthalimido‐N‐oxyl (Cl4PINO) is generated at a glassy carbon electrode and investigated for the model oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols with particular attention to reaction rates and mechanism. The two‐electron oxidation reactions of a range of primary, secondary, and cyclic alcohols are dissected into an initial step based on C−H hydrogen abstraction (rate constant k1, confirmed by kinetic isotope effect) and a fast radical‐radical coupling of the resulting alcohol radical with Cl4PINO to give a ketal that only slowly releases the aldehyde/ketone and redox mediator precursor back into solution (rate constant k2). In situ electrochemical EPR reveals Cl4PINO sensitivity towards moisture. DFT methods are applied to confirm and predict C−H hydrogen abstraction reactivity.
Fast determination of lactic, succinic, malic, tartaric, shikimic, and citric acids in red Vranec wines by CZE‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Ivanova‐Petropulos Violeta , Naceva Zaneta , Sándor Viktor , Makszin Lilla , Deutsch‐Nagy Laura , Berkics Balázs , Stafilov Trajce , Kilár Ferenc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA fast and simple method with CZE coupled to ESI/QTOF‐MS was optimized and validated for quantitative determination of organic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, shikimic acid, and citric acid) in red wines. The BGE was ammonium acetate and the separation of the analytes was performed in a polybrene‐coated capillary in the presence of EOF. The sample preparation included dilution and filtration of the wine. The method showed satisfactory performance characteristics: good linearity for each organic acid, with correlation coefficients ranging from r2 = 0.9902 (shikimic acid) to r2 = 0.9990 (tartaric acid). The limit of quantification was between 0.0034 mM (for shikimic acid) and 0.107 mM (for citric acid), and the recovery data fell between 95.8% (malic acid) and 102.7% (lactic acid); the total run time was less than 4 min. The RSD values for the interday repeatability and intraday reproducibility were between 3.44 and 9.50%, and between 1.75 and 8.29%, respectively. Seventeen Macedonian red Vranec wines were studied demonstrating a wide variation in the organic acids’ concentration, which should be most probably due to the variation of the climate conditions in the vine areas.
Perfectionism and cognitive rigidity in anorexia nervosa: Is there an association?
Authors: Buzzichelli Sara , Marzola Enrica , Amianto Federico , Fassino Secondo , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the relationship between neuropsychology, personality, and eating psychopathology in anorexia nervosa (AN). We aimed to investigate the interaction between set shifting and perfectionism in AN and to ascertain the role of perfectionism as a mediator between set shifting and eating psychopathology. Eighty‐five patients with AN and 71 healthy controls completed Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (using 8 as a cut‐off for generating groups with high vs. low perfectionism), Beck Depression Inventory, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Task, and Hayling Sentence Completion Task. Our findings support heightened cognitive inflexibility in individuals with AN, particularly in those with high perfectionism. Perfectionism resulted to be a mediator of the relationship between a measure of set shifting and drive for thinness, but this finding did not remain significant when including in the model only those with AN. Taken together, these data suggest a complex and nonexclusive association between set shifting, eating psychopathology, and perfectionism.
Japan's role in carbon capture and storage
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMuch of the geographical focus on carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been on China, Europe and the US. However, Japan has been quietly developing not only its domestic CCS program but also helping projects beyond its shores to come to fruition. In this article, GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier looks at two recent projects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of directive words on integrated comprehension of speech and iconic gestures for actions in young children
Authors: Miyake Hidenori , Sugimura Shinichiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effect of age and directive words on children's ability to semantically integrate speech and iconic gesture. The participants were 132 children aged 4 to 6 years old. In the experiment, we presented messages of actions in 3 conditions (Verbal‐only, Gesture‐only, and Verbal‐Gesture) in a serial manner to assess multimodal gain as the ability and had participants select 1 answer corresponding to each message from among 4 options. Participants were divided according to whether the messages of various speech and gestures used directive words or not (e.g., “one is throwing like this” vs. “one is throwing”). The results showed that participants in the directive‐word‐present condition were more likely to select the correct answer than the participants in the directive‐word‐absent condition were. Our results suggest that directive words promote young children's ability to semantically integrate speech and gesture, and therefore are useful for promoting communication.Highlights

We examined whether the presence or absence of directive words influence young children's comprehension of speech and iconic gestures to communicate actions.
One hundred thirty‐two 4 to 6‐year‐old children were presented with eight messages using speech and gesture either with or without including directive words. The results showed that participants in the directive‐word‐present condition were more likely to select the correct answer than the participants in the directive‐word‐absent condition were.
We concluded directive words promote young children's ability to semantically integrate speech and gesture, and therefore are useful for promoting communication.
Total Synthesis of Mesembrine – The Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Gold‐Catalyzed Diyne Desymmetrization
Authors: Czekelius Constantin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis review gives an overview on synthetic methodology developed for the synthesis of the naturally occurring alkaloid mesembrine. Its all‐carbon‐substituted quaternary stereocenter has fuelled creativity in the application of ex‐chiral‐pool‐synthesis, chiral auxiliaries, and asymmetric catalysis alike. The gold‐catalyzed desymmetrization of 1,4‐diynes has been demonstrated as a selective method for the enantioselective preparation of methylene pyrrolidines incorporating a quaternary stereocenter. The applicability of this method has therefore been demonstrated in the context of a mesembrine total synthesis.
Comparative analysis of early adverse events of pelvic organ prolapse repair with or without transvaginal mesh using Clavien‐Dindo classification
Authors: Besser Limor , Schwarzman Polina , Mastrolia Salvatore A. , Rotem Reut , Leron Elad , Yohay David , Weintraub Adi Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adverse events following surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with or without the use of transvaginal mesh.MethodsThe present retrospective study was conducted among women who underwent surgical POP repair at Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. Patients underwent anterior and posterior colporrhaphy either with transvaginal mesh (Elevate Prolapse Repair System; American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) or without transvaginal mesh (native tissue repair). Perioperative adverse events were assessed using the Clavien‐Dindo classification; multivariate regression models were constructed to predict minor and major adverse events.ResultsThere were 111 women included; 35 were treated with transvaginal mesh, and 76 underwent native tissue repair. Women undergoing native tissue repair had a lower mean grade of cystocele (P=0.023) and a higher rate of urinary stress incontinence (P=0.017) than patients treated with transvaginal mesh. The duration of surgery (P=0.002), duration of hospitalization (P<0.001), and the amount of blood loss (P=0.021) were lower in the native tissue repair group. Repair with transvaginal mesh was not associated with increased odds of major or minor adverse events (P>0.05 for all models examined).ConclusionPerioperative and postoperative adverse events were comparable regardless of the operative approach.
Molecular targeting of glutaminase sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Masamha Chioniso P. , LaFontaine Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAltered metabolism is a reemerging hallmark of tumorigenesis. Increased cell proliferation results in metabolic reprogramming to facilitate the needs of the rapidly dividing tumor cells. In addition to increased glucose uptake, tumors also take up increased levels of glutamine. Some cancers develop a reliance on glutamine, and are referred to as “glutamine addicted.” These tumors over express the enzyme glutaminase which is involved in the first step of glutaminolysis. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of combined treatment of the glutaminase inhibitor bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) with chemotherapy on drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. We found that ovarian cancer cells show different dependencies on exogenous glutamine. However, regardless of glutamine dependence status, treatment with BPTES sensitized both paclitaxel, and cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines to chemotherapy by inhibiting cell proliferation. Monotherapy with BPTES alone resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of glutamine dependent cancer cells to form colonies in a clonogenic assay. In addition, glutamine dependent, metastatic cancer cells expressed higher levels of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) isoforms, KGA and GAC, than untransformed cells. Moreover, dual targeting of both isoforms using siRNA was more effective at sensitizing the cancer cells to cisplatin than targeting either GAC or KGA alone. Our results suggest that both GLS1 isoforms are important for glutamine dependent ovarian cancer survival, hence, both GLS1 isoforms should be targeted for therapy in metastatic ovarian cancer therapy.
Effects of hypoxia inducible factors on pluripotency in human iPS cells
Authors: Sugimoto Kouji , Matsuura Takashi , Nakazono Ayako , Igawa Kazunari , Yamada Shizuka , Hayashi Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA hypoxic condition is known to contribute to pluripotency. In the present article, the effects of transcription factors were first assessed regarding the proliferation and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells under hypoxic conditions using cell morphology and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Morphology evaluations and RT‐PCR revealed that the colony formation was promoted and the expression of pluripotent markers was increased under hypoxic conditions. In addition, the function of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in human iPS cells under hypoxic conditions was evaluated in relation to the morphology and the expression of pluripotency markers by siRNA and RT‐PCR. The HIF‐2α silencing group showed a reduction in the colony size of human iPS cells and a statistically significant reduction in the expression of undifferentiation markers compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of HIF‐2α was decreased when signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was suppressed by its inhibitor, Stattic or S31 201. The inhibition using Stattic did not produce colony formation. The expression of pluripotent markers was also decreased using Stattic or S31 201. This study indicates that the HIF‐2α expression in human iPS cells was activated under hypoxic conditions, similarly to that in murine iPS cells, and that HIF‐2α among HIFs is the most effective compound for maintaining the pluripotency of human iPS cells. Furthermore, the STAT3 signal pathway regulates the expression of HIF‐2α.
Characterization of the 3Dimension optical, geometrical, and mechanical profiles of iPP fiber with necking deformation
Authors: Ali A. M. , Felemban Nuha , El‐Bakary M. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a method for evaluating the 3D refractive indices and 3D true stress and/or 3D true strain profiles of “isotactic polypropylene iPP” fibers during necking deformation. Observing the changes in geometrical shape during the deformation process is necessary to understand the mechanical performance of iPP fibers. 3D geometric shape profile and actual stress and strain profiles were measured for iPP fibers during the propagation of neck deformation. These measurements were performed with the aid of an in‐situ opto‐ mechanical device to dynamically characterize different properties of fibers at different strain rates. A software image analysis program was used to calculate the 3D opto‐mechanical properties of iPP fibers. The obtained results show that the used dynamic stretching device can be easily used to monitor the deformation process with high accuracy. The effective stress and strain can be determined from the filaments profile. For illustration microinterferograms are given.