bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kinetic model of sugar metabolism in peach fruit reveals a functional hypothesis of a markedly low fructose‐to‐glucose ratio phenotype
Authors: Desnoues Elsa , Génard Michel , Quilot‐Turion Bénédicte , Baldazzi Valentina 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe concentrations of sugars in fruit vary with fruit development, environment and genotype. In general, there were weak correlations between the variations in sugar concentrations and the activities of enzymes directly related with the synthesis or degradation of sugars. This finding suggests that the relationships between enzyme activities and metabolites are often non‐linear and are difficult to assess. To simulate the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol during the development of peach fruit, a kinetic model of sugar metabolism was developed by taking advantage of recent profiling data. Cell compartmentation (cytosol and vacuole) was described explicitly, and data‐driven enzyme activities were used to parameterize equations. The model correctly accounts for both annual and genotypic variations, which were observed in 10 genotypes derived from an interspecific cross. They provided important information on the mechanisms underlying the specification of phenotypic differences. In particular, the model supports the hypothesis that a difference in fructokinase affinity could be responsible for a low fructose‐to‐glucose ratio phenotype, which was observed in the studied population.
Towards recoupling? Assessing the global impact of a Chinese hard landing through trade and commodity price channels
Authors: Gauvin Ludovic , Rebillard Cyril C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChina's rapid growth over the past decade has been one of the main drivers of the rise in mineral commodity demand and prices. While concerns about the sustainability of China's growth model are rising, we assess to what extent rebalancing through a hard landing in China would impact other countries. After reviewing the main arguments pointing to a hard landing scenario—historical rebalancing precedents, overinvestment, unsustainable debt trends and real estate bubble—we use a globalVARmethodology adapted to conditional forecasting to simulate the impact of a Chinese hard landing. We model metal and oil markets separately to account for their different end‐use patterns and consumption intensity in China. According to our estimates, emerging economies would be hardest hit—with a 7.5% cumulated growth loss after 5 years—in particular in Emerging Asia and in commodity‐exporting regions such as Latin America. The “growth gap” between emerging and advanced economies would be considerably reduced, leading to partial recoupling. In the light of these results, both the “commodity supercycle” and sustained convergence observed in emerging economies over the past decade could be to a large extent attributed to the high and unbalanced growth pattern in China.
Fairness in the international allocation of development aid
Authors: McGillivray Mark , Clarke Matthew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper assesses the allocative performance of foreign aid donors. It does so by identifying the consistency of the share of donor aid allocated to each developing country with these their shares of global poverty. A given donor's allocative performance is maximised if the share of its aid to each developing country exactly equals its share of global poverty. This is equated with fairness in the international allocation of aid. The allocative performance of all donors, all bilateral donors, all multilateral agencies, all non‐DAC donor countries, the EU, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States for the years 2010–15 is assessed. The best performance is exhibited by all bilateral donors, while that for an individual donor is exhibited by the United Kingdom. Non‐DAC donors exhibit the worst performance. The paper also identifies which developing countries receive the most and least aid relative to their shares of global poverty.
Effect of resistance training and protein intake pattern on myofibrillar protein synthesis and proteome kinetics in older men in energy restriction
Authors: Murphy Caoileann H. , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Churchward‐Venne Tyler A. , Mitchell Cameron J. , Kolar Nathan M. , Burke Louise M. , Hawley John A. , Kassis Amira , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Li Kelvin , King Chelsea , Hellerstein Marc , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: March 2018

Key points
Strategies to enhance the loss of fat while preserving muscle mass during energy restriction are of great importance to prevent sarcopenia in overweight older adults.
We show for the first time that the integrated rate of synthesis of numerous individual contractile, cytosolic and mitochondrial skeletal muscle proteins was increased by resistance training (RT) and unaffected by dietary protein intake pattern during energy restriction in free‐living, obese older men.
We observed a correlation between the synthetic rates of skeletal muscle‐derived proteins obtained in serum (creatine kinase M‐type, carbonic anhydrase 3) and the synthetic rates of proteins obtained via muscle sampling; and that the synthesis rates of these proteins in serum revealed the stimulatory effects of RT.
These results have ramifications for understanding the influence of RT on skeletal muscle and are consistent with the role of RT in maintaining muscle protein synthesis and potentially supporting muscle mass preservation during weight loss.
AbstractWe determined how the pattern of protein intake and resistance training (RT) influenced longer‐term (2 weeks) integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) during energy restriction (ER). MyoPS and proteome kinetics were measured during 2 weeks of ER alone and 2 weeks of ER plus RT (ER + RT) in overweight/obese older men. Participants were randomized to consume dietary protein in a balanced (BAL: 25% daily protein per meal × 4 meals) or skewed (SKEW: 7:17:72:4% daily protein per meal) pattern (n = 10 per group). Participants ingested deuterated water during the consecutive 2‐week periods, and skeletal muscle biopsies and serum were obtained at the beginning and conclusion of ER and ER + RT. Bulk MyoPS (i.e. synthesis of the myofibrillar protein sub‐fraction) and the synthetic rates of numerous individual skeletal muscle proteins were quantified. Bulk MyoPS was not affected by protein distribution during ER or ER + RT (ER: BAL = 1.24 ± 0.31%/day, SKEW = 1.26 ± 0.37%/day; ER + RT: BAL = 1.64 ± 0.48%/day, SKEW = 1.52 ± 0.66%/day) but was ∼26% higher during ER + RT than during ER (P = 0.023). The synthetic rates of 175 of 190 contractile, cytosolic and mitochondrial skeletal muscle proteins, as well as synthesis of muscle‐derived proteins measured in serum, creatine kinase M‐type (CK‐M) and carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA‐3), were higher during ER + RT than during ER (P < 0.05). In addition, the synthetic rates of CK‐M and CA‐3 measured in serum correlated with the synthetic rates of proteins obtained via muscle sampling (P < 0.05). This study provides novel data on the skeletal muscle adaptations to RT and dietary protein distribution.
Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?
Authors: Tribe R. M. , Taylor P. D. , Kelly N. M. , Rees D. , Sandall J. , Kennedy H. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCaesarean section and instrumental delivery rates are increasing in many parts of the world for a range of cultural and medical reasons, with limited consideration as to how ‘mode of delivery’ may impact on childhood and long‐term health. However, babies born particularly by pre‐labour caesarean section appear to have a subtly different physiology from those born by normal vaginal delivery, with both acute and chronic complications such as respiratory and cardio‐metabolic morbidities being apparent. It has been hypothesized that inherent mechanisms within the process of labour and vaginal delivery, far from being a passive mechanical process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the birth canal, may trigger certain protective developmental processes permissive for normal immunological and physiological development of the fetus postnatally. Traditionally the primary candidate mechanism has been the hormonal surges or stress response associated with labour and vaginal delivery, but there is increasing awareness that transfer of the maternal microbiome to the infant during parturition. Transgenerational transmission of disease traits through epigenetics are also likely to be important. Interventions such as probiotics, neonatal gut seeding and different approaches to clinical care have potential to influence parturition physiology and improve outcomes for infants.
image
Positional Comparisons in the Impact of Fatigue on Movement Patterns in Hockey
Authors: Morencos Esther , Romero-Moraleda Blanca , Castagna Carlo , Casamichana David 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To examine the influence of the match period on the movement patterns of hockey players according to their playing positions under the introduction of quarters (QTRs). Methods: Sixteen subelite-level Spanish National League male hockey players participated in the study (age: 25.5 [2.9] y; body mass: 74.6 [5.5] kg). Global positioning system devices were used to monitor players’ running performance during 17 competitive matches (113 match-play profiles). Only players who played for at least 85% of the game were analyzed. Players were placed into 3 position categories: backs, midfielders, and forwards. Results: Moderate to large differences in relative total distance were found between midfielders and both backs and forwards in all QTRs (effect size [ES]: 0.4–1.2). ES for total distance was moderate for midfielders when compared with backs during the first QTR (moderate ES: 0.7). Midfielders and forwards covered more distance (m and m·min−1) in high-velocity zones than backs (ES: 0.6). Acceleration activities (n·min−1) at moderate and high intensities decreased in all groups across QTRs with moderate to very large ES (ES: 0.4–1.4). Relative sprinting distance decreased in backs (ES: 0.8). Backs had fewer repeated-sprint bouts (n and n·min−1) as the game progressed (ES: 1.0). Conclusions: During competitive match play, a degree of positional variation can be observed across QTRs. The relative distance and the number of accelerations and decelerations at moderate and high intensity decreased across QTRs. No between-QTRs differences in high-speed activity were reported.
Multidimensional Monitoring of Recovery Status and Implications for Performance
Authors: Heidari Jahan , Beckmann Jürgen , Bertollo Maurizio , Brink Michel , Kallus K. Wolfgang , Robazza Claudio , Kellmann Michael 
Published: March 2018

Monitoring recovery in the context of athletic performance has gained significant importance during recent years. As a systematic process of data collection and evaluation, the monitoring of recovery can be implemented for various purposes. It may help prevent negative outcomes of training or competition, such as underrecovery, overtraining, or injuries. Furthermore, it aims to establish routines and strategies necessary to guarantee athletes’ readiness for performance by restoring their depleted resources. Comprehensive monitoring of recovery ideally encompasses a multidimensional approach, thereby considering biological, psychological, and social monitoring methods. From a biological perspective, physiological (eg, cardiac parameters), biochemical (eg, creatine kinase), hormonal (eg, salivary cortisol), and immunological (eg, immunoglobulin A) markers can be taken into account to operationalize training loads and recovery needs. Psychological approaches suggest the application of validated and reliable psychometric questionnaires (eg, Recovery–Stress Questionnaire for Athletes) to measure a subjective perception of recovery, as well as the subjective degree of training- or competition-induced fatigue. Social aspects also play a role in performance monitoring and may hence provide essential performance-related information. The implementation of a monitoring routine in athletic environments represents a continuous process that functions as an effective addition to training and depends on a range of conditions (eg, organizational regulations, commitment of athletes). Current research in the field of monitoring aims to establish individualized monitoring regimens that refer to intraindividual reference values with the help of innovative technological devices.
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections
Authors: Bourne Rupert R A , Jonas Jost B , Bron Alain M , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Das Aditi , Flaxman Seth R , Friedman David S , Keeffe Jill E , Kempen John H , Leasher Janet , Limburg Hans , Naidoo Kovin , Pesudovs Konrad , Peto Tunde , Saadine Jinan , Silvester Alexander J , Tahhan Nina , Taylor Hugh R , Varma Rohit , Wong Tien Y , Resnikoff Serge 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWithin a surveillance of the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in high-income regions and Central/Eastern Europe, we update figures through 2015 and forecast expected values in 2020.MethodsBased on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI), mild vision impairment and presbyopia was estimated for 1990, 2010, 2015, and 2020.ResultsAge-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI for all ages decreased from 1990 to 2015 from 0.26% (0.10–0.46) to 0.15% (0.06–0.26) and from 1.74% (0.76–2.94) to 1.27% (0.55–2.17), respectively. In 2015, the number of individuals affected by blindness, MSVI and mild vision impairment ranged from 70 000, 630 000 and 610 000, respectively, in Australasia to 980 000, 7.46 million and 7.25 million, respectively, in North America and 1.16 million, 9.61 million and 9.47 million, respectively, in Western Europe. In 2015, cataract was the most common cause for blindness, followed by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, uncorrected refractive error, diabetic retinopathy and cornea-related disorders, with declining burden from cataract and AMD over time. Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of MSVI.ConclusionsWhile continuing to advance control of cataract and AMD as the leading causes of blindness remains a high priority, overcoming barriers to uptake of refractive error services would address approximately half of the MSVI burden. New data on burden of presbyopia identify this entity as an important public health problem in this population. Additional research on better treatments, better implementation with existing tools and ongoing surveillance of the problem is needed.
Leap forward in the treatment of Pythium insidiosum keratitis
Authors: Bagga Bhupesh , Sharma Savitri , Madhuri Guda Sai Jeevan , Nagpal Ritu , Joseph Joveeta , Manjulatha Kodiganti , Mohamed Ashik , Garg Prashant 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPythium insidiosum is a parafungus that causes keratitis resembling fungal keratitis. This study compares outcome in a large cohort of patients with P insidiosum keratitis treated with antifungal drugs, to a pilot group treated with antibacterial antibiotics.MethodsBetween January 2014 and December 2016, 114 patients with culture positive P insidiosum keratitis were included in the study. A subset of culture isolates was tested in vitro for response to nine antibacterial antibiotics by disc diffusion and E test. Patients were treated with topical natamycin in 2014, 2015 and up until mid 2016. Thereafter, the patients received a combination of topical linezolid and topical and oral azithromycin. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) was done for patients not responding to medical therapy.ResultsIn vitro disc diffusion assay showed linezolid to be most effective. The rate of TPK was significantly higher in 2015 compared with 2016 (43/45, 95.6% vs 22/32, 68.8%; p=0.002). Eighteen patients were treated with antibacterial and 14 were treated with antifungal antibiotic in 2016. One patient was lost to follow-up in each group. The rate of TPK was higher and proportion of healed ulcers was lower (p=0.21, Fisher’s exact test) in the group on antifungal therapy (TPK—11/13, 84.6%; Healed—2/13, 15.3%) compared with the group on antibacterial therapy (TPK—11/17, 64.7%; Healed—6/17, 35.2%).ConclusionsWe report favourable but not statistically significant response of P insidiosum keratitis to antibacterial agents in a pilot series of patients. Further evaluation of this strategy in larger number of patients is recommended.
Correlation between reduction in macular vessel density and frequency of intravitreal ranibizumab for macular oedema in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Hasegawa Taiji , Murakawa Sakura , Maruko Ichiro , Kogure-Katakura Akiko , Iida Tomohiro 
Published: March 2018

AimTo determine whether there is a significant correlation between the reduction in macular vessel density and the recurrence of macular oedema in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 27 eyes with macular oedema associated with BRVO. All eyes had received pro re nata intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection. A reinjection of ranibizumab was performed when the central foveal thickness was ≥300 µm. At 12 months, patients without additional IVR for the last 4 months were placed in the resolved group, otherwise they were placed in the recurrence group. The macular vessel density in 3×3 mm area centred on the fovea was determined by optical coherence tomography angiography.ResultsAt 12 months, 11 of the 27 (40.7%) eyes were placed in the resolved group and the other 16 (59.3%) eyes were placed in the recurrence group. The mean macular vessel density reduction in the resolved group was 17.60%±7.88% and that in the recurrence group was 8.12%±7.48% (P=0.0042). The mean number of IVR injections in the resolved group was 2.1±1.1 and that in the recurrence group was 5.1±1.2 (P<0.0001). In all eyes, multivariate analysis showed that the reduction in macular vessel density was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of IVR injections (β=−0.6746, P=0.0028).ConclusionsA reduction in the macular vessel density was significantly correlated with the number of recurrences of macular oedema associated with BRVO.
Comparison of epidemiology, treatments and outcomes of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction between young and elderly patients
Authors: Pek Pin Pin , Zheng Huili , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Wah Win , Tan Huay Cheem , Foo Ling Li , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWith an ageing population, there is a need to understand the relative risk/benefit of interventions for elderly ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. The primary aim of this study was to compare epidemiology, treatments and outcomes between young and elderly STEMI patients. Our secondary aim was to determine the cut-off age when the benefits of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were less pronounced.MethodsData were collected by the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry. Patients were categorised into young (age <65 years) and elderly STEMI (age ≥65 years) patients.ResultsWe analysed 14 006 STEMI cases collected between January 2007 and December 2014; 33.9% were elderly STEMI patients. Elderly STEMI patients had longer median door to balloon (73 vs 64 min, P<0.001) time and were less likely to receive PCI (proportion difference=−23.6%, 95% CI −25.3 to −22.0). In the absence of PCI, elderly STEMI patients had a higher mortality within 30 days (elderly: HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.99, P<0.001; young: HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.54, P=0.573) and 1 year (elderly: HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.14, P<0.001; young: HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.83, P=0.009) of admission. The 1 year survival benefit of PCI started to decline after the age of 65 years.ConclusionElderly STEMI patients were less likely to receive PCI and had longer door to balloon times. Survival benefit of PCI decreased after the age of 65 years, with the decline most evident from age 85 years onwards. The risks of PCI need to be weighed carefully against its benefits, especially in very elderly patients.
Modelling attending physician productivity in the emergency department: a multicentre study
Authors: Joseph Joshua W , Davis Samuel , Wilker Elissa H , Wong Matthew L , Litvak Ori , Traub Stephen J , Nathanson Larry A , Sanchez Leon D 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesEmergency physician productivity, often defined as new patients evaluated per hour, is essential to planning clinical operations. Prior research in this area considered this a static quantity; however, our group’s study of resident physicians demonstrated significant decreases in hourly productivity throughout shifts. We now examine attending physicians’ productivity to determine if it is also dynamic.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study, conducted from 2014 to 2016 across three community hospitals in the north-eastern USA, with different schedules and coverage. Timestamps of all patient encounters were automatically logged by the sites’ electronic health record. Generalised estimating equations were constructed to predict productivity in terms of new patients per shift hour.Results207 169 patients were seen by 64 physicians over 2 years, comprising 9822 physician shifts. Physicians saw an average of 15.0 (SD 4.7), 20.9 (SD 6.4) and 13.2 (SD 3.8) patients per shift at the three sites, with 2.97 (SD 0.22), 2.95 (SD 0.24) and 2.17 (SD 0.09) in the first hour. Across all sites, physicians saw significantly fewer new patients after the first hour, with more gradual decreases subsequently. Additional patient arrivals were associated with greater productivity; however, this attenuates substantially late in the shift. The presence of other physicians was also associated with slightly decreased productivity.ConclusionsPhysician productivity over a single shift follows a predictable pattern that decreases significantly on an hourly basis, even if there are new patients to be seen. Estimating productivity as a simple average substantially underestimates physicians’ capacity early in a shift and overestimates it later. This pattern of productivity should be factored into hospitals’ staffing plans, with shifts aligned to start with the greatest volumes of patient arrivals.
Structural and electronic response of overexpanded superconducting fullerides close to the Mott insulator boundary
Authors: Menelaou M. , Takabayashi Y. , Okur H. E. , Zadik R. H. , Prassides K. 
Published: March 2018

The ternary fulleride, Rb[Formula: see text]Cs[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text], is the most expanded member of the family of face-centered cubic (fcc) structured superconducting fullerides ever accessed with superconductivity surviving at ambient pressure closest to the Mott insulator boundary. Here, we study the evolution of its structural and electronic properties with temperature. At ambient temperature, Rb[Formula: see text]Cs[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text] lies in the Mott–Jahn–Teller (MJT) insulating part of the phase diagram. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction shows that its structure remains strictly cubic at all temperatures, but the transition to the metallic state at [Formula: see text] 50 K — evident in the evolution of the magnetic susceptibility with temperature — is accompanied by a lattice collapse, [Formula: see text]V/V0 of [Formula: see text]. Bulk superconductivity then emerges on further cooling with a T[Formula: see text] of 25.9 K. The results permit the extension of the electronic phase diagram of A3C[Formula: see text] fullerides as close as possible to the metal–insulator (M–I) crossover.