bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La place des droits subjectifs dans l’histoire de la philosophie du droit
Authors: Beauregard Stéphanie 
Published: March 2019

La prédominance des droits subjectifs dans les systèmes de droit occidentaux étant désormais consacrée, cet article propose une réflexion sur la place des droits dans le droit.
Plus précisément, il s’agit de savoir si la notion de droit subjectif est limitée à la philosophie du droit moderne ou si elle était déjà présente dans le droit antique. Pour répondre à cette question, l’étude du droit subjectif en tant que concept permettra de distinguer sa signification plus large, qui renvoie à ses manifestations empiriques, de sa signification restrictive d’élément de classification dogmatique à l’usage des juristes.
En considérant le droit subjectif uniquement en tant que construction rationnelle et artificielle, la doctrine juridique fait abstraction des paramètres historiques et sociologiques. C’est pourquoi elle peut affirmer que le droit (objectif) est le fondement des droits (subjectifs).
Une démarche héritée de Burke et de l’École historique du droit, privilégiant les multiples rapports composant le contexte social, permettra de soutenir la thèse selon laquelle les droits subjectifs ont plutôt été antérieurs à l’organisation juridique de l’État moderne.
Ainsi, même si, en tant que pouvoirs individuels, garantis par l’État et visant à être étendus à l’universalité des hommes, ils sont des créations spécifiquement modernes, les « vrais droits des hommes », efficaces, légitimes et authentiquement juridiques, existent dans toute société et débordent par là le cadre de la modernité.
Le contrat de travail selon le Code civil du Québec : pertinence ou impertinence ?
Authors: Verge Pierre 
Published: March 2019

Quelle signification accorder au chapitre que le Code civil du Québec consacre au contrat de travail au regard du développement, au Québec comme dans les autres sociétés occidentales, du « droit du travail » ? La question s’envisage en deux temps, selon qu’il y a, ou non, absence de rapports collectifs de travail. Dans le premier cas, il n’y a pas de concordance substantielle avec le droit du travail classique, qui, en particulier, entretient une vision continue du rapport de travail, compte tenu de son importance pour le salarié. Pour ce qui est du second, l’encadrement législatif actuel des rapports collectifs de travail conduit à un constat général de non-pertinence de ce régime du contral individuel de travail. L’absence d’intégration du droit relatif au travail subordonné demeure.
Le pouvoir de dépenser au coeur de la crise constitutionnelle canadienne
Authors: Blache Pierre 
Published: March 2019

L’étude qui suit fut préparée à l’occasion d’un colloque sur la réforme constitutionnelle tenu à l’Université d’Ottawa, en mars 1992. Dans la première partie, l’auteur révèle l’importance de la question du pouvoir de dépenser dans les récentes négociations constitutionnelles et précise en quoi les solutions éventuellement retenues pourraient affecter profondément le fédéralisme canadien à venir, si un cadre de cette nature subsistait.
Dans la deuxième partie, il pose la problématique d’un tel pouvoir en contexte fédératif. À cette fin, il en dessine les contours et en souligne l’incompatibilité avec l’autonomie stricte. Il est toutefois d’avis que cette dernière valeur n’épuise pas la signification du fédéralisme contemporain dont la vocation d’intégration économique lui paraît supposer la présence de transferts fédéraux/provinciaux partiellement conditionnels, surtout dans le contexte d’une fédération décentralisée. Assurer la viabilité de ceux-ci sans attenter trop à l’autonomie fédérative pose toutefois un défi que l’auteur s’est arrêté à décrire. Aussi aborde-t-il alors les questions autour desquelles le débat constitutionnel canadien s’est cristallisé : choix des dépenses à encadrer, conditions d’une compensation et modalités d’établissement des programmes.
Enfin, dans une dernière partie, il identifie les solutions préconisées sur ces divers sujets dans l’Accord du Lac Meech, les propositions fédérales de l’automne 1991 et le rapport Beaudoin-Dobbie de février 1992. Celles-ci lui semblent répréhensibles, à divers degrés, au regard des exigences d’un fédéralisme contemporain qui n’a pas renoncé à l’autonomie, sa loi originelle.
Le droit à l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones
Authors: Saganash Diom Romeo 
Published: March 2019

Au-delà des médias interposés qui souvent ne reprennent que les éléments chocs des enjeux politiques de la réforme constitutionnelle, voici une occasion d’expliquer les motivations profondes qui sous-tendent notre attitude vis-à-vis ces questions et la perspective que défend le peuple Cri quant au concept du droit à l’autodétermination.
Dans un premier temps, cette communication propose un certain nombre d’éléments de réflexion sur la nature du droit à l’autodétermination, pour ensuite démontrer que, dans le contexte qui est le nôtre, l’exercice de ce droit fondamental se bute presque toujours à la règle du « deux poids, deux mesures ». Dans un troisième temps, nous vous entretenons de l’urgence de mettre fin à un régime colonial qui a trop duré pour enfin rappeler, dans un dernier point, l’évolution radicale au cours des dernières années du droit international en regard des peuples autochtones. Jamais plus les autochtones n’accepteront d’être pris en otages et de voir leur statut découler tout simplement des arrangements conclus entre les deux paliers de gouvernement, comme s’ils n’avaient qu’à attendre que le débat finisse pour se faire dire s’ils vont demeurer sous tutelle canadienne ou québécoise. Jamais plus nous n’accepterons que nos droits passent au second rang et encore moins de voir nos affaires traitées en notre absence et décidées par d’autres que nous.
Si par bonheur et par générosité, nous réussissons — peuples canadien, québécois et peuples autochtones — à mettre ensemble le meilleur de nos projets collectifs, c’est-à-dire notre volonté d’épanouissement comme peuples et notre ouverture à l’autre, peut-être alors réaliserons-nous que le sacrifice de Louis Riel, ce grand libérateur des peuples qui appartient à notre histoire mais aussi à la vôtre, n’a pas été inutile.
L’administration du bien d’autrui dans le contexte du nouveau Code civil du Québec (L.Q. 1991, c. 64)
Authors: Lauzon Ginette 
Published: March 2019

En 1989, le législateur a mis en vigueur le titre septième du Livre quatrième des biens du projet de loi 20 par de nombreux renvois insérés dans le Code civil du Bas-Canada.
Cet ouvrage a pour but d’examiner ces dispositions à la lumière du projet de loi 125 adopté en décembre 1991 (L.Q. 1991, c. 64) et d’énoncer les règles nouvelles qu’on y retrouve ainsi que celles qui sont directement inspirées du Code civil actuel.
Certains de ces principes ont modifié notre droit alors que d’autres sont conformes à la pratique actuelle. L’exposé des principes que l’on retrouve à ce chapitre est aussi accompagné de critiques et de commentaires sur de nombreuses dispositions qui sont susceptibles d’interprétations diverses.
L’exposé est divisé en trois thèmes principaux. Le premier décrit les différentes formes d’administration, ainsi que les pouvoirs rattachés à chacune d’elles. Les administrateurs sont soumis à des règles plus ou moins strictes que nous retrouvons au chapitre deuxième et qui comprennent notamment les obligations et le mode de surveillance imposés par le législateur. Pour compléter l’étude, l’auteur a regroupé sous un même titre tout l’aspect comptable de l’administration.
Effects of Induced Haemorrahge on Thermoregulation, Blood Constituents and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Sukar Khalid A. O. , Abdelatif Abdalla M. , Alameen Ahmed O. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives: Haemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity of mother and foetus. Pregnancy is associated with changes which may influence responses to bleeding. This study was designed to examine the influence of controlled haemorrhage and compare thermoregulation and haematological and biochemical parameters in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits.
Materials and Methods: Twelve pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits, 6 in each group, were used in the studies. Both groups of animals were subjected to 20% haemorrhage of total blood volume on gestation day 21. The rectal temperature (Tr), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 2 days following bleeding. Blood samples were collected at 24 hrs before induction of bleeding and then after bleeding at 30 min, 24 hrs and 48 hrs. The samples were used for measurements of haematological parameters; coagulation profile, arterial blood gases and serum electrolytes.
Results: The general trend indicates lower Tr values in pregnant rabbits at 30 min post-haemorrhage. The values of RR and HR were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in pregnant and nonpregnant animals at 24 hrs post-haemorrhage. The pregnant rabbits showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in platelets count at 24 hrs post-haemorrhage compared to the nonpregnant values. In pregnant rabbits, haemorrhage was associated with significant increase in PT. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was significantly (P≤ 0.01) prolonged at 24 hrs post-haemorrhage in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits was significantly (P≤ 0.01) increased at 24hrs and 48 hrs post-haemorrhage. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) decreased significantly (P≤0.01) at 30 min post-haemorrhage in pregnant rabbits. There was a slight increase in Na and Ca levels in pregnant rabbits’ post-haemorrhage. Haemorrhage in rabbits was associated with significant decreases in plasma osmolality in pregnant rabbits.
Conclusion: Pregnancy induces modifications in some physiological responses to haemorrhage. The information generated could be used in monitoring maternal health during pregnancy and risks of changes associated with haemorrhage in mammals.
Assessing Food Safety Implications of Multi Antibiotic Resistant Fermented-Food-Condiment-Environment-Adapted Bacteria
Authors: Ogunshe Adenike A. O. 
Published: March 2019

Problem of Research: Food safety implications of fermented-condiment-adapted bacterial strains, regarding their intrinsic, acquired and transferable antibiotic resistance potentials are yet to be reportedly fully ascertained.
Aim: To determine food safety implications of culturalable fermented-condiment-adapted bacterial strains.
Methodology: Using the Kirby-Bauer agar disc-diffusion method, phenotypic multi-antibiotic-drug-in-discs resistance (MADIDR) profiles of 138 fermented-condiment-borne (Gram-positive = 71; Gram-negative = 67) bacterial strains from iru, ogiri and okpehe were evaluated by in-discs antibiotics, which are commonly administered in human and animal prophylaxis and therapy.
Results: None of the fermented-condiment-adapted bacterial strains was totally susceptible to the test in-discs antibiotics; just five (3.62%: n = 0.7%: Gram-positive: n = 2.9% Gram-negative) strains were mono-resistant, while six (4.37%) were totally or pandrug-resistant (PDR). Of the remaining 92.03% fermented-condiment-adapted-bacterial strains, 6.57% exhibited co-antibiotic drug resistance (CDR); 43.8% (Gram-positive = 17.52%; Gram-negative = 26.28%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR); and 41.55% (Gram-positive = 25.55%: Gram-negative = 16.0%) displayed extensive-drug resistance (XDR). A total of 43.48% Gram-positive and 36.96% Gram-negative bacterial strains were multi-resistant to between four and eight of the test in-discs antibiotics. Overall, augmentin (95.8%), cloxacillin (94.4%) cotrimoxazole (71.8%) and erythromycin (71.8%) were the most-resisted in-discs antibiotics by the condiment-adapted Gram-positive bacteria, while cloxacillin (93.8%), ciprofloxacin (80.0%) and augmentin (76.9%) were the most-resisted in-discs antibiotics by Gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: Tremendous multi and extensive resistance to in-discs antibiotics were recorded among fermented-food-condiment-environment-adapted bacteria, indicating a serious food safety challenge in the ethnic cottage-food industries, food chain, and the community. Thus, preliminary screening for antibiotic resistance in food-condiment-borne bacteria, using in-discs antibiotics is strongly suggested.
Flaws in the Scientific Method and Their Relevance for Energy Research: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: J. Burns Thomas J. Burns , W. Boyd Tom 
Published: March 2019

The Aim of the Paper is to explore how scientific methods, while strong in principle, can have serious flaws in practice. In focusing on circumscribed aspects of an overall system, science is able to bring a greater level of control over what is under its gaze. Yet imposing order on some aspect of a system increases entropy in other parts of that system. Because of the combination of what is at stake and the secrecy of many of its aspects, this is of particular concern with Energy Research.
Using Methods that flow from the interface of the disciplines of Sociology and Philosophy, the paper considers the most pressing problems and suggests ways of addressing them. The Sociological perspective involves observation and analysis of science as it engages and is impacted by society. The philosophical approach is brought into play in the interest of considering science as a social phenomenon. The disciplines converge around a phenomenological approach to examining science, both as a world view and as a social enterprise. In the process, the article raises implicit ethical questions.
Results of the analysis offer a series of challenges and invitations to the scientific community, encouraging scientists to lead the way in reexamining their methods and how they relate to and impact both society and ecology. Typically, the most profoundly affected parts are those most closely connected with the elements under study and manipulation, and yet defined out of the system. Scientific paradigms would be more viable if a metavariable were incorporated into them—one informed by where the processes in question stand within the scope of history and the trajectory of life. The article also underscores the fact that science itself is a social enterprise and, as such, bears questioning by the society of which it is part. With appreciation and respect for what discoveries science has made thus far, the paper makes the case that it is time to examine the inertia of scientific methods as they have come to be honed by practice over the last several centuries.
Simulation of Convection Flow and Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters of Evacuated Glass Tube Solar Water Heater
Authors: D. N. Kumari K. , K. Wijerathna J. 
Published: March 2019

The water-in-glass evacuated collectors are made up of parallel circular tubes. They are installed with some inclination angle to the horizontal. The thermal performance of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater heavily depends on weather conditions. The analysis of the sensitivity of the model parameter and weather conditions on heat transfer process is extremely important to install a solar water heater system in order to achieve its maximum efficiency. The evaluation of the sensitivity of the system parameters is done by considering one parameter after another while keeping the remaining fixed. Further to the analysis of the heat transfer process, the average heat transfer coefficient and the average natural circulation flow rate are calculated.
The fluid flow is assumed to be unsteady, two-dimensional, laminar and incompressible. The heat and fluid flow are analyzed using the Navier-Stokes equations and temperature equation for an incompressible fluid, subject to density variation with temperature. The discretization of the governing equations is done by Finite Volume Method (FVM). The Open FOAM computational fluid dynamic software with PISO-SIMPLE algorithm is used for the simulation.
The results show that the heat transfer process is improved when there is a moderate level inclination angle. Further, it is found that when the ratio of tube length to diameter is high, the heat transfer process is improved. The solar radiation input highly affects the performance of a solar water heater. The cold-water inlet temperature does not directly affect the buoyancy induced flow, but it influences the temperature gain.
The angle of the solar rays vary within the daytime, however it does not affect the performance of the solar water heater since an evacuated-tube has a circular absorbing surface, it passively tracks the sun throughout the day.
These results recommend using moderate level tube inclination angle and high ratio to improve the performance of a solar water heater.
Investigation on Statistical Sizing Schemes for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
Authors: -Tsung Ma Chao , -Lung Hsieh Chin 
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the power and capacity planning problems in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) used in grid-connected solar/wind power systems using statistical analysis and numerical methods. A proper HESS operation and power management system allows for real-time power distribution control with the required system dynamic response and the characteristics of the internal energy storage devices. The goal of instantaneous power allocation of HESS is to effectively manage the state of charge (SOC), power level, and operating conditions of its internal energy storage devices to achieve optimal efficiency and capacity optimisation. The HESS power and capacity planning method discussed in this paper can be used in most HESS planning cases on a given set of system operating conditions. In order to present the feasibility of the proposed method, the HESS application case discussed in this paper aims to smooth the power fluctuation of wind and solar power generations and simultaneously ensure the specified dispatching power level and quality. In this paper, HESS cases analysis and numerical comparison studies are carried out with a typical solar/wind power generation system corresponding to two different power dispatching levels.
Supramolecular Assembly‐Enabled Transdermal Therapy of Hypertrophic Scarring Through Concurrent Ferroptosis‐Apoptosis
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wei Mengying , Zhou Xiaomeng , Liu Wenfeng , Li Qiang , Xue Yumeng , Tan Li‐Li , Shang Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHypertrophic scar (HS) remains a major challenge for clinicians due to unsatisfactory therapeutic performance. Although inducing apoptosis of HS fibroblasts (HSFs) has proved to be an effective nonsurgical treatment strategy, potential chemotherapy resistance to apoptosis of HSFs makes the development of new and efficient strategies highly demanding. Herein, a ferroptosis‐apoptosis combined therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HS is developed through supramolecular self‐assembly between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and two bioactive agents, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). The resulting self‐assembled supramolecular nanoparticles, named CAD NPs, showed high guest loading efficiency and prominent pH‐responsive degradability in the acidic lysosomes of HSFs. Importantly, both DHA and AuNCs act synergistically to generate excessive reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, leading to mitochondrial damage, and ultimately inducing concurrent ferroptosis and apoptosis on HSFs. Upon further loading into hydrogel microneedles to facilitate their transdermal delivery, these CAD NPs showed superior antiscar therapeutic effects in shortening the treatment span to 3 weeks and improving the HS appearance, as demonstrated at a rabbit ear model of HS. The present supramolecular assembly‐based ferroptosis‐apoptosis strategy provides an innovative guideline for efficiently treating HS as well as other diseases.
Low Temperature Rapid Interfacial Kinetics Achieved by Sodium Titanate Anode Co‐Intercalation Storage Mechanism and Stable Solid Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Zhu Jiaming , Yan Xiaofeng , Jiang Yuhang , Li Yingying , Wang Gang , Xia Yuan , Wang Hui , Wang Beibei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuasi‐layered sodium titanates have been extensively studied as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their quasi‐zero‐strain intercalative storage chemistry and high theoretical capacity. However, their sluggish sodiation kinetics and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface lead to rapid capacity decay at low temperatures. Herein, the local electronic structure and interlayer spacing of Na2Ti2O5 are finely regulated by heteroelement Sn‐doping, oxygen rich vacancies, and carbon‐confined structure (Sn‐HNTO@C) to improve low‐temperature performance. Theoretical calculations and Sn doping concentration control confirm that appropriate concentrations of heteroelement Sn‐doping and vacancy defects can redistribute charge density, enhance Na+ adsorption, reduce Na+ diffusion energy barriers, and endow Sn‐HNTO@C anode with stable capacity. In addition, optimizing electrolyte systems at low temperatures allows Sn‐HNTO@C to exhibit a Na+‐solvent co‐intercalation storage mechanism in ether‐based electrolytes, avoiding high desolvent energy barriers and reducing charge transfer activation energy. Furthermore, the thin, stable solid electrolyte interface rich in organic components promotes the low‐temperature interfacial Na+ kinetics. Consequently, Sn‐HNTO@C anode delivers high capacity over 500 cycles (177 mAh g−1) and Sn‐HNTO@C//Na3(VPO4)2F3 full cell presents 91 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles (−15 °C). This study provides unique guidance for optimizing sodium titanate anodes and emphasizes the importance of the low‐temperature electrode/electrolyte interface for SIBs.
Metal Nitride Controlled Atomic Doping of Mox+ in NiFe (Oxy)Hydroxide to Trigger Lattice Oxygen‐Mediated Mechanism for Superior Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wang Junyu , Xing Zhenyu , Kang Ruiyi , Zheng Yijuan , Zhang Zhen , Ma Tian , Wang Yi , Yin Bo , Liao Yaozu , Li Liang , Cheng Chong , Li Shuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe covalency of the metal─oxygen (M─O) bond is significantly amplified in the transition metal sites with elevated oxidation states, thereby enabling the lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) to transcend the traditional linear scaling limitations of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, an innovative surface atom release speed‐mediated doping of Mo atoms in NiFe (oxy)hydroxides by controlled dissolution of Mo atoms from the Mo2N surface, which resulted in the formation of NiFeMo(OH)2 with high valence Ni species for OER. Structural characterizations, coupled with in situ Raman and theoretical calculations, elucidate that the incorporation of Mo in NiFeMo(OH)2 modulates the electronic configuration of the metal centers, thereby diminishing the formation energy of Ni 3+/4+ species. This modulation augments the M─O bond covalency, facilitating a shift in the OER pathway from the conventional absorbate evolution mechanism to the more efficient LOM. Consequently, the NiFeMo(OH)2 displays a low overpotential of 236 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, along with long stability (>500 h) at 50 mA cm−2. Furthermore, when integrated into an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, it achieves a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of merely 2.27 V, underscoring its potential for practical applications.