bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconception Leptin and Fecundability, Pregnancy, and Live Birth Among Women With a History of Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Plowden Torie C , Zarek Shvetha M , DeVilbiss Elizabeth A , Radoc Jeannie G , Kim Keewan , Sjaarda Lindsey A , Schisterman Enrique F , Silver Robert M , Kuhr Daniel L , Omosigho Ukpebo R , Yeung Edwina H , Mumford Sunni L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Context
With the increase of obesity, it is imperative to understand the neuroendocrine mechanisms, including the neuroendocrine hormone leptin, by which obese or overweight women are at increased risk for subfertility and infertility.

Objective
The objective was to examine associations between preconception serum leptin concentrations, fecundability, pregnancy, and live birth.

Design
Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort among women with prior pregnancy losses.

Setting
The study was conducted at four US medical centers (2006 to 2012).

Intervention
Not available.

Materials and Methods
Preconception serum leptin concentrations were measured at baseline, and women were followed for up to six menstrual cycles, and throughout pregnancy if they conceived. Discrete Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for pregnancy and live birth. Models were adjusted for age, physical activity, treatment arm, and adiposity, either by measured waist-to-hip ratio or body mass index (BMI).

Results
High leptin concentrations were associated with decreased fecundability (FOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58, 0.90), reduced risk of pregnancy (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78, 0.96) and live birth (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65, 0.89) comparing the upper to the lower tertile. However, adjustment for BMI in lieu of waist-to-hip ratio nullified observed associations.

Conclusions
In women with a history of pregnancy loss, relations between higher preconception leptin and fecundability were attenuated after adjustment for BMI, although not after adjustment for other markers of adiposity. Leptin may serve as a complementary marker of adiposity for assessment of obesity and reproductive outcomes.
Peace and Beyond: Women's Activist Alliances under Turkey's “Regime of Emergency”
Authors: Göksel Nisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay begins with the formation of solidarities among women's movements in Turkey during the period of the peace process. It focuses on events that took place between March 8, 2013, the beginning of the peace process, and March 8, 2017, when women activists in Turkey joined the International Women's Strike. Despite the collapse of the peace process and the resumption of war in the summer of 2015, women activists continued to struggle under the Turkish government's emergency regime. This essay addresses the ways in which the peace process and its termination affected relations among activist women, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, as they have sought to confront Turkey's “new” emergency regime. Many women's groups lost their institutional footing due to the emergency regime's forced closure of women's organizations and its arrest of numerous activists, parliamentarians, and co-mayors. In this context, the essay demonstrates, women are left with no choice but to strengthen their alliances and to radicalize their movements against the state's authoritarian regime.
Critical Times / La tierra tiembla
Authors: Gago Verónica , Ni Una Menos  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Los textos de este dossier muestran cómo la herramienta del paro está siendo apropiada y reinventada por los movimientos feministas para politizar la cuestión de la violencia contra las mujeres y los cuerpos feminizados y conectarla con las violencias sociales, económicas y políticas. En particular, es notable cómo el impacto y los significados del paro se ampliaron gracias a una multiplicidad de alianzas inesperadas y de coaliciones que fueron impulsadas con este horizonte organizativo. Este proceso político, además, está produciendo dinámicas que tejen un nuevo internacionalismo, en el que la precariedad es un punto en común pero singularizado a partir de conflictos concretos. De este modo, las luchas feministas están elaborando nuevas imágenes de contrapoder, formas de soberanía popular que desafían la fe estatal, insurgencias que renuevan dinámicas de decisión y autonomía, y formas de auto-defensa y fuerza colectiva.
Migrating Tactics: An Interview with Ewa Majewska and Katarzyna Rakowska
Authors: Kaletzky Marianne , McGlazer Ramsey 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This interview considers Polish feminists’ participation in both the Black Monday protests of October 3, 2016, and the International Women's Strike held on March 8, 2017. Majewska and Rakowska attest to the long process of organizing and the ongoing histories that these strikes continued. These are histories of workers’ struggle as much as of feminist activism, and both Majewska and Rakowska speak to the inseparability of feminist efforts—including work for reproductive justice—from broader anti-capitalist projects in Poland and beyond. The interviewees thus repeatedly link the women's strikes to movements opposing austerity, environmental despoliation, precarization, and nationalism.
Clausewitz and la pensée 68
Authors: Alliez Éric , Lazzarato Maurizio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the aftermath of the Second World War, revolutionary movements remained dependent on Leninist theories and practices in their attempts to grasp the new relationship between war and capital. Yet these theories and practices failed to address the global “cold civil war” represented by the events of 1968. This article will show that in the 1970s this task was not undertaken by “professional revolutionaries” or in their Maoist discourse of “protracted war” and its “generalized Clauzewitzian strategy.” Rather, the problem was addressed by Michel Foucault, on the one hand, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, on the other. Each produced a radical break in the conception of war and of its constitutive relationship with capitalism, taking up the confrontation with Clausewitz to reverse the famous formula such that war was not to be understood as the continuation of politics (which determines its ends). Politics was, on the contrary, to be understood as an element and strategic modality of the whole constituted by war. The ambition of la pensée 68, as represented by Foucault and Deleuze and Guattari, was not to make this reversal into a simple permutation of the formula's terms, but rather to develop a radical critique of the concepts of “war” and “politics” presupposed by Clausewitz's formula.
A theory of change for community interventions to prevent domestic violence against women and girls in Mumbai, India
Authors: Daruwalla Nayreen , Jaswal Surinder , Fernandes Prakash , Pinto Preethi , Hate Ketaki , Ambavkar Gauri , Kakad Bhaskar , Gram Lu , Osrin David 
Published: August 2019

Background:We describe the development of a theory of change for community mobilisation activities to prevent violence against women and girls. These activities are part of a broader program in urban India that works toward primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of violence and includes crisis response and counselling and medical, police, and legal assistance.Methods:The theory of change was developed in five phases, via expert workshops, use of primary data, recurrent team meetings, adjustment at further meetings and workshops, and a review of published theories.Results:The theory summarises inputs for primary and secondary prevention, consequent changes (positive and negative), and outcomes. It is fully adapted to the program context, was designed through an extended consultative process, emphasises secondary prevention as a pathway to primary prevention, and integrates community activism with referral and counselling interventions.Conclusions:The theory specifies testable causal pathways to impact and will be evaluated in a controlled trial.
Lignan glycosides from the stems of Viburnum melanocarpum and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Authors: Zhao Chunchao , Chen Jia , Shao Jianhua , Shen Jie , Gu Wenyan , Zhang Xiaohui , Sha Yusi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Two new lignan glycosides (1, 2) and four known lignan glycosides (3–6) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum melanocarpum through repeated column chromatography. Their structures including absolute configurations were confirmed by spectroscopic data [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HRESIMS), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD)] and chemical methods. Additionally, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of these compounds was tested in vitro. Compound 1 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 10.3 μM.
Comparison of the effect of Myrtus communis herbal and anti-hemorrhoid ointments on the hemorrhoid symptoms and quality of life in postpartum women with grade I and II internal hemorrhoid: A triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Malekuti Jamileh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Samadi Khadijeh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Khodaei Laleh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Due to the effects of hemorrhoids on physical and mental health, this study aimed to compare the effect of Myrtus communis herbal and anti-hemorrhoid ointments on symptoms of hemorrhoid and quality of life (primary outcomes) and satisfaction of the treatment and side effects (secondary outcomes).

Methods
This triple-blind randomized controlled trial was performed on women with grade I and II hemorrhoid referring to health centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2017. Individuals were randomly assigned to two groups of 67 people through block randomization method. The intervention group received the Myrtus communis herbal ointment and the control group received anti-hemorrhoid ointment twice a day, every 12 ± 2 h, an applicator of the drug through the rectum for 4 weeks. The Colorectal Evaluation of a Clinical Therapeutics Scale (CORECTS) was used to assess the severity of symptoms of hemorrhoid. To assess the quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the general quality of life of participants. This questionnaire was completed once before the start of the study, then on the fourth and the eighth week after the start of the intervention. Repeated measure ANOVA, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and independent t-test were used for data analysis.

Results
The severity of all symptoms of hemorrhoid decreased in both two group and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). However, the mean of anal itching at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention was significantly lower in the Myrtus communis ointment group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of quality of life at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of satisfaction with the drug (p=0.019) and the participants in the Myrtus communis ointment group were more satisfied with their drug use.

Conclusions
Myrtus communis herbal ointment was able to reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoid in the affected women. Therefore, it is likely that the use of this drug will promote the health of mothers with hemorrhoid.
Changes in structural and optical properties due to γ-irradiation of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Amini Maryam , Majles Ara Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this research, the influence of γ-irradiation on the optical and structural properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles was studied. The MgO nanoparticles were irradiated with doses 100 Gy, 1 kGy, 10 kGy and 20 kGy from 60Co source. The as-synthesized samples of MgO nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel technique were analyzed by XRD which suggested the double phase; cubic and hexagonal structures of the material. The crystal defects that produced in the cubic and hexagonal lattice were studied before and after 60Co γ-irradiation in a gamma cell by different dose rates in order to report the changes in structural properties of the MgO nanoparticles. The irradiated and un-irradiated samples were characterized by XRD and UV–Vis. The XRD pattern of MgO nanoparticles is showed that the crystal size of MgO nanoparticles being increased with increasing the γ-ray dose rate. For optical absorption, the UV–Visible absorption spectra of MgO nanoparticles are showed that when the dose rate is increased, the value of band gap is decreased. Also, the experimental values of the mass attenuation coefficient of MgO nanoparticles have been calculated before and after γ-irradiation by using the gamma spectroscopy method. Therefore, the results are showed that γ-ray irradiation has various effects on structural, morphological and optical properties.
Compliance of medical biochemistry education in medical schools with national core education program 2014
Authors: Erdem S. Sibel , Yiğitbaşı Türkan , Yigit Pakize , Emekli Nesrin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Medical school curriculums are not standardized in Turkey and around the world, which results in great diversity in education. National Core Education Program (NCEP) has been prepared as a frame program and the aim of the program is to train medical doctors with basic abilities.

Objective
The objective of this work is to compare biochemistry curriculum based on NCEP among medical schools in Turkey.

Materials and methods
Twelve-question long survey was prepared. Sixty-nine out 84 medical schools were participated the study using 2017–2018 curriculum data. Biochemistry curriculums of medical schools are compared based on NCEP 2014.

Results
Number of biochemistry hours and content of the lectures varies among medical schools. While biochemistry was intensely studied in the first and second years of the education program, biochemistry hours and number of universities offering biochemistry have dramatically decreased after the second year. Clinical biochemistry questions had lower positive response. Accredited medical schools include NCEP subjects in their curriculum in higher ratio than the unaccredited ones.

Conclusion
Biochemistry curriculum shows variation among medical schools. Addition of clinical biochemistry beyond second year would improve NCEP adaptation. Multidisciplinary approach and vertical integration should be employed to improve quality of medical education.
Educación y Reforma Municipal: prácticas deliberativas en los Consejos Municipales
Authors: Guerrero Portales Rudy 
Published: August 2019

En este ensayo se analizan las necesidades de educación no formal para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas democráticas en los debates y deliberaciones de los consejos municipales en el marco de la reforma municipal que se inicia en abril de 2002, con la promulgación del nuevo Código Municipal en Costa Rica.
La institución municipal tan desprestigiada a lo largo de los años, no sólo tiene la oportunidad de revertir su imagen, sino que en buena medida, afrontar desafíos y proyecciones en un escenario local que reclama cambios y que las competencias que otorga la nueva legislación municipal pueden consolidar una verdadera plataforma de lucha regional. En este planteamiento se analizarán algunas necesidades educativas.
Diversidad, diferencia y accesibilidad: Enfoques educativos en el discurso de la diversidad
Authors: Terré Camacho Orlando , Miranda Cervantes Giselle 
Published: August 2019

Este artículo plantea la necesidad ineludible de compartir la construcción de un nuevo escenario escolar, más diverso y más plural, que permita adoptar propuestas y soluciones de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos sociales y culturales propios para establecer líneas prioritarias basadas en la equiparación de oportunidades y la igualdad de derechos.
Plantea la necesidad de reformular, cuántas veces sea necesario, el concepto de diversidad, para asumir y valorar las múltiples necesidades del individuo y hacer de las mismas la base fundamental de la planificación de la sociedad, en la cual la accesibilidad sea el proceso en el que se potencian todas las áreas del individuo, mediante el cambio de actitudes y las adaptaciones necesarias basadas, fundamentalmente, en el logro de la máxima funcionalidad y autonomía.
El concepto de esquema corporal en niñas y niños con y sin necesidades educativas especiales, de preescolar, segundo y cuarto grado
Authors: Pereira Pérez Zulay , Fontana Hernández Angélica , Rojas Rodríguez Dinia 
Published: August 2019

La investigación realizada acerca del concepto de esquema corporal de niñas y niños con y sin necesidades educativas especiales (nee) de preescolar, segundo y cuarto grados, proporciona información relevante sobre la construcción de este concepto.
La mayor parte de las y los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, de los tres niveles educativos, expresan conceptos de cuerpo relacionados con las características y las cualidades corporales, aunque algunos también refieren a habilidades corporales. Es importante resaltar que estos conceptos no presentan diferencias sustanciales con los expresados por las y los estudiantes sin necesidades educativas.
El número de partes del cuerpo mencionadas aumenta a medida que lo hace el nivel educativo y se ve reflejado en las representaciones gráficas de sus cuerpos. No obstante, la mayoría de las y los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales presentaron mayor dificultad en la ubicación de partes del cuerpo con su respectiva lateralidad.
Conforme aumenta a nivel educativo, se identifica que las y los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales asumen las labores domésticas y expresan tener mayor dificultad para las actividades escolares. Asimismo, indican que sienten malestar cuando las personas importantes de su entorno les dicen cosas relacionadas con su cuerpo. No obstante, la mayoría de las y los estudiantes con y sin necesidades educativas especiales expresan percepciones positivas relacionadas con su cuerpo y tienen un sentimiento de respeto por sí mismas(os).
Por lo anterior, se recomienda que en los procesos educativos se tomen en consideración los conocimientos previos de las y los estudiantes y se enfatice en la enseñanza de aspectos no solo referidos a conocimientos del cuerpo, sino relacionados con la imagen corporal. Es valiosa la aplicación de actividades didácticas que permitan la vivencia y construcción de los conceptos estudiados, para prevenir los desajustes que se pueden generar en la adquisición del esquema corporal, o bien, compensar las necesidades educativas derivadas o no de una discapacidad.
Estrategias metodológicas para la interpretación y el análisis de la obra literaria El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha
Authors: Aguirre Chaves Marlene , García Vargas Silvia Elena 
Published: August 2019

Esta propuesta metodológica surge a partir de un estudio investigativo realizado con docentes de secundaria, en el área de español, con el fin de conocer las estrategias metodológicas que se emplean en el espacio áulico para comprender y analizar la obra literaria El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.
Los propósitos que se establecieron para la investigación fueron los siguientes:
Identificar las técnicas y los instrumentos que desarrollan las(os) profesoras(es) de español para estudiar la obra literaria El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.

Conocer la metodología que utilizan las(os) profesoras(es) de español para desarrollar la obra literaria El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.
Proponer una unidad didáctica para desarrollar las inteligencias múltiples en el estudio de la obra literaria El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.

A partir del análisis de los datos, se presenta una serie de estrategias metodológicas para la interpretación y el análisis de la novela El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, que contribuyen a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, en la asignatura de español, en particular, cambiar la percepción negativa que tienen los estudiantes sobre la lectura de la obra cumbre de Miguel de Cervantes.
Determinación del grado de actividad física e intención de cambio en niñas y niños que participaron en las Escuelas Deportivas y Recreativas del Verano del 2005 de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón Araya Yamileth , Moncada Jiménez José 
Published: August 2019

El propósito del estudio fue determinar el grado de actividad física y la intención de cambio en las niñas, niños y adolescentes matriculados en un programa de actividad física en la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Las y los participantes (113 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 16 años) respondieron un cuestionario relacionado con la intención de cambio de su actividad física, sus hábitos actuales y las posibilidades de práctica de la actividad física. Los resultados mostraron que 80.5% de las y los niños, realizaba ejercicio regularmente, al menos durante tres meses consecutivos. Se determinó que el 50.4% de las y los participantes no tienen la oportunidad de salir a jugar solos, si no los acompañan sus padres o encargados, y el 91.2% consideraba importante realizar ejercicio junto a sus progenitores. El 94.7% de los encuestadas(os) recibe clases de Educación Física formales, pero sólo entre una y dos clases semanales, situación que repercute en su salud física y mental futura y en su posibilidad de incorporar el hábito de ejercitarse en su estilo de vida. Con base en el modelo de las etapas de cambio, se clasificó al 67.3% de las niñas y las(os) niños, de los cuales un 55.8 % se ubicó en la etapa de mantenimiento.
Este es el primer intento que se realiza en Costa Rica para clasificar a las niñas y los niños utilizando un modelo teórico, y los resultados son congruentes con los reportados en estudios efectuados en otros países. En conclusión, se recomienda el uso de este modelo transteórico para detectar la disponibilidad para el cambio en niñas, niños y adolescentes hacia hábitos y estilos de vida saludables. Es necesario ampliar los parámetros para realizar otras investigaciones al respecto.
La segregación, ¿un sentimiento íntimo? Algunas consideraciones desde el psicoanálisis
Authors: Velosa Forero Jaime 
Published: August 2019

Este artículo presenta una reflexión psicoanalítica que retoma algunos conceptos desarrollados por Freud y Lacan, en torno a la relación que puede establecerse entre segregación y época actual. La segregación está presente necesariamente desde uncomienzo como una experiencia indiferenciada que posibilita la estructuración del sujeto y también como una modalidad del lazo social, especialmente visible en las relaciones con los otros, una hostilidad siempre presente en la vida cotidiana.