bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Paleomagnetic Rotations in Sicily: Thrust Versus Strike‐Slip Tectonics
Authors: Speranza Fabio , Hernandez‐Moreno Catalina , Avellone Giuseppe , Gasparo Morticelli Maurizio , Agate Mauro , Sulli Attilio , Di Stefano Enrico 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe paleomagnetic investigation of the western Sicily Maghrebian belt has revealed since the 1970s that large clockwise rotations up to 140° with respect to the Hyblean‐African foreland occurred synchronous with Tertiary shortening of the chain. The observation that rotations decrease stepwise from internal to external tectono‐stratigraphic units led in the 1990s to a widely accepted model postulating that rotational thrust‐sheet emplaced during forward orogenic propagation. More recently, other authors suggested that clockwise rotations from Sicily are conversely the result of late orogenic dextral strike‐slip tectonics. Here we report on a paleomagnetic investigation of 30 Jurassic‐Eocene sedimentary sites sampled mainly across the WNW‐ESE Mt. Kumeta and Rocca Busambra ridges (Trapanese Unit), both bounded to the north by high‐angle reverse faults with dextral strike‐slip components. We find rotations of 110°–120° at faults of northern ridge margins, which decrease to 80°–90° at ~200 m to the south and rise again moving further south. Thus, an excess rotation of 20°–40° due to dextral‐strike‐slip shear is annulled to the regional rotational background of the Trapanese Unit at only 200 m from fault traces, translating to paleomagnetically calculated strike‐slip offsets not exceeding 600 m. Further north, seven sites sampled in the Imerese Unit, tectonically stacked above the Trapanese Unit, yield a ~130° rotation. Thus, our data confirm that CW rotations in Sicily are predominantly related to thrust‐sheet emplacement. Strike‐slip tectonics has very limited relevance and gives local rotations that fade out at only 200 m from fault planes.
Response to Comment by Zeebe and Tyrrell on “The Effects of Secular Calcium and Magnesium Concentration Changes on the Thermodynamics of Seawater Acid/Base Chemistry: Implications for the Eocene and Cretaceous Ocean Carbon Chemistry and Buffering”
Authors: Hain Mathis P. , Sigman Daniel M. , Higgins John A. , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Suspect parameters were changed to new reference
The main results of original study hold true
We demonstrate skill of MyAMI model, which is superior to existing correction factors
Magnetic Reconnection on Dayside Crustal Magnetic Fields at Mars: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Harada Y. , Halekas J. S. , DiBraccio G. A. , Xu S. , Espley J. , Mcfadden J. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Brain D. A. , Hara T. , Ma Y. J. , Ruhunusiri S. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe identification of magnetic reconnection on the dayside of Mars has been elusive owing to the lack of comprehensive plasma and field measurements. Here we present direct measurements of dayside in situ reconnection signatures by the comprehensive particles and fields package on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft over strong crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere of Mars. During a crossing of a bifurcated current sheet consisting of northward and southward magnetic fields, MAVEN recorded (i) ionospheric photoelectrons trapped on closed magnetic field lines, (ii) Hall magnetic fields and a nonzero normal field with polarity consistent with a crossing northward of the X line, and (iii) northward Alfvénic ion jets. Dayside magnetic reconnection on crustal magnetic fields could control the global configuration and topology of the Martian magnetosphere and alter the ion escape pattern from the dayside ionosphere.
Relationship between adrenal steroid hormones in cord blood and birth weight: The Sapporo Cohort, Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health
Authors: Mitsui Takahiko , Araki Atsuko , Goudarzi Houman , Miyashita Chihiro , Ito Sachiko , Sasaki Seiko , Kitta Takeya , Moriya Kimihiko , Cho Kazutoshi , Morioka Keita , Kishi Reiko , Shinohara Nobuo , Takeda Masayuki , Nonomura Katsuya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the relationship between steroid hormone levels in cord blood and birth weight.MethodsAmong 514 participants in a prospective birth cohort study in Sapporo, the following hormone levels were measured in 294 stored cord blood samples from 135 males and 159 females: androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and cortisone. Birth weight information was obtained from medical records.ResultsAndrostenedione/DHEA was significantly higher in males than in females, while DHEA was significantly higher in females. Birth weight was significantly higher in males than in females. Regarding cortisone, androstenedione/DHEA, and cortisone/cortisol, a correlation was observed with birth weight in males but not in females.ConclusionsPrenatal adrenal steroids as well as converting enzymes such as 11ß‐hydrosteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 3ß‐hydrosteroid dehydrogenase may have an impact on prenatal physical development.
Socio‐demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness: Does scaling for differences in body size present a challenge to conventional thinking?
Authors: Nevill Alan M. , Sandercock Gavin , Duncan Michael J. , Lahart Ian , Correa‐Bautista Jorge Enrique , Ramirez‐Velez Robinson 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn low‐ to middle‐income countries, children from less‐deprived areas (from families of higher socio‐economic status [SES]) have superior muscular fitness than those from low‐SES groups. They are also taller and heavier, factors associated with muscular fitness. The purpose of this study was to identify any socio‐demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness and examine how these conclusions can be modified by scaling for differences in body size.MethodsA total of 38,098 youths (46% girls), ninth grade students (aged 14–15 years), participated in a study of cross‐sectional design. We recorded SES and family incomes, stature, and mass. Standing broad jump and handgrip strength were used to assess muscular fitness. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body‐size differences.ResultsChildren from the mid‐ to high‐SES groups jumped significantly higher than children from the lowest SES group, although no SES group difference in grip strength was observed. After adjusting for body size, children from higher SES and with higher family incomes had significantly lower handgrip strength, and their superior jump height performances remained but were greatly reduced. Only children from the highest SES now jumped significantly higher that the lowest SES group.ConclusionsThe superior jump performance and no difference in handgrip strength of Colombian children from higher SES may simply reflect their superior physiques. When body size is accounted for, these differences are reduced or even reversed, suggesting that children from higher SES groups should not be complacent regarding their apparent superior muscular fitness.
“Go forth and wrestle with the legal system”: Some perceptions and experiences of lesbian parents in rural Australia
Authors: Bacchus Ruth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores the perceptions and experiences of a small group of lesbian parents living in rural Australia, who discussed the decisions they made in creating their families, their expectations and understanding of their roles and relationships and their concepts of family and parenthood. The study also explores how these lesbian‐parented families have negotiated the complex legal frameworks under which they exist.
Completely Subradiant Multi‐Atom Architectures Through 2D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Galve Fernando , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFollowing recent advances in the manipulation of atoms trapped near 1D waveguides and proposals to use surface acoustic waves on piezoelectric substrates for the same purpose, the potential of two‐dimensional platforms is shown. Directional emission of atoms near photonic crystal slabs with square symmetry is used, in the ideal case, to build perfect subradiant states of 2 distant atoms, possible in 2D only for finite lattices with perfectly reflecting boundaries. These allow the design of massively parallel 1D arrays of atoms above a single crystal, useful for multi‐port output of nonclassical light, by exploiting destructive interference of guided resonance modes. Directionality of the emission is shown to be present whenever a linear iso‐frequency manifold is present in the dispersion relation of the crystal. Multi‐atom radiance properties can be predicted from a simple cross‐talk coefficient of a master equation, in good agreement with exact atom‐crystal dynamics, showing its predictive power. Departing from the ideal theoretical case, possible experimental issues in photonic crystal implementations are also discussed, and an outlook of other relevant modern platforms for 2D propagation of excitations is given.
Direct Synthesis of a Covalent Triazine‐Based Framework from Aromatic Amides
Authors: Yu Soo‐Young , Mahmood Javeed , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Seo Jeong‐Min , Jung Sun‐Min , Shin Sun‐Hee , Im Yoon‐Kwang , Jeon In‐Yup , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere have been extensive efforts to synthesize crystalline covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs) for practical applications and to realize their potential. The phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)‐catalyzed direct condensation of aromatic amide instead of aromatic nitrile to form triazine rings. P2O5‐catalyzed condensation was applied on terephthalamide to construct a covalent triazine‐based framework (pCTF‐1). This approach yielded highly crystalline pCTF‐1 with high specific surface area (2034.1 m2 g−1). At low pressure, the pCTF‐1 showed high CO2 (21.9 wt % at 273 K) and H2 (1.75 wt % at 77 K) uptake capacities. The direct formation of a triazine‐based COF was also confirmed by model reactions, with the P2O5‐catalyzed condensation reaction of both benzamide and benzonitrile to form 1,3,5‐triphenyl‐2,4,6‐triazine in high yield.
O→S Relay Deprotection: A General Approach to Controllable Donors of Reactive Sulfur Species
Authors: Kang Jianming , Xu Shi , Radford Miles N. , Zhang Wenjia , Kelly Shane S. , Day Jacob J. , Xian Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReactive sulfur species (RSS) are biologically important molecules. Among them, H2S, hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n>1), persulfides (RSSH), and HSNO are believed to play regulatory roles in sulfur‐related redox biology. However, these molecules are unstable and difficult to handle. Having access to their reliable and controllable precursors (or donors) is the prerequisite for the study of these sulfur species. Reported in this work is the preparation and evaluation of a series of O‐silyl‐mercaptan‐based sulfur‐containing molecules which undergo pH‐ or F−‐mediated desilylation to release the corresponding H2S, H2Sn, RSSH, and HSNO in a controlled fashion. This O→S relay deprotection serves as a general strategy for the design of pH‐ or F−‐triggered RSS donors. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the O‐silyl groups in the donors could be changed into other protecting groups like esters. This work should allow the development of RSS donors with other activation mechanisms (such as esterase‐activated donors).
Electrochemical Aziridination by Alkene Activation Using a Sulfamate as the Nitrogen Source
Authors: Li Jin , Huang Wenhao , Chen Jingzhi , He Lingfeng , Cheng Xu , Li Guigen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe first direct aziridination of triaryl‐substituted alkenes was achieved by means of an electrochemical process that could extend to multisubstituted styrenes. Specifically, hexafluoroisopropanol sulfamate was used as a nucleophilic nitrogen source. Mechanistic experiments suggest that this electrochemical process proceeds by stepwise formation of two C−N bonds through reactions between cationic carbon species and the sulfamate.
Thiophene‐Fused‐Heteroaromatic Diones as Promising NIR Reflectors for Radiative Cooling
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Song Yujie , Zhang Liying , Liu Ming , Hu Xiao , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeveloping appropriate NIR‐reflective materials to combat near–infrared (NIR) heat radiation (700–2500 nm) from sunlight, avoiding energy accumulation and reduce energy consumption, is important and highly desirable. In this research, four thiophene‐fused‐heteroaromatic diones were used as basic reflectors to investigate the relationship between their intrinsic molecular structures and NIR‐reflective properties. The reflectance intensity can be readily tuned by adjusting the length of the appended aliphatic side chains, as well as the strength of the electron‐donating groups. A methoxy‐substituted thiophene‐fused‐heteroaromatic dione showed the best performance in reflecting NIR, and it was used as a coating for a model glass house. The comparison of the internal temperature difference relative to a control house was measured and the maximum temperature was 12 °C lower than that in the control house.
Preparation of pillared nanoporous bentonite and its application as catalyst support in dry reforming reaction
Authors: Daroughegi Mofrad Bahareh , Hayati‐Ashtiani Majid , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBentonite clays containing montmorillonite are a nanostructure family of the smectite and have several industrial applications, such as the carrier for the preparation of the nickel‐based catalysts for the syngas production via methane reforming with carbon dioxide. In this article, the physicochemical properties of the samples were determined by different analyses such as X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and swell index. Four natural bentonites were studied, and the sample with the surface area of 38.2 m2 g−1, pore diameter of 8.15 nm, and the highest content of montmorillonite was selected for pillaring process with aluminum. The results demonstrated that the pillaring process significantly improved the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area. The catalytic results also confirmed that the 10% Ni catalyst supported on pillared clay demonstrated higher catalytic performance and resistance against carbon deposition compared with the catalyst supported on natural clay in methane reforming with CO2 (dry reforming of methane reaction).
Iodine‐Mediated Direct Generation of o‐Quinone Methides at Room Temperature: A Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of ortho‐Hydroxybenzyl Thioethers
Authors: Basha R. Sidick , Chen Chia‐Wei , Reddy Daggula Mallikarjuna , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn iodine‐mediated preparation of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) from ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols by a C−O bond scission strategy is described. The in situ generated o‐QMs were then employed for C−S bond formation by thio‐Michael addition of thiols to provide the ortho‐hydroxybenzyl thioethers (o‐HBT) in moderate to excellent yields.
Advances in industrial biopharmaceutical batch process monitoring: Machine‐learning methods for small data problems
Authors: Tulsyan Aditya , Garvin Christopher , Ündey Cenk 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiopharmaceutical manufacturing comprises of multiple distinct processing steps that require effective and efficient monitoring of many variables simultaneously in real‐time. The state‐of‐the‐art real‐time multivariate statistical batch process monitoring (BPM) platforms have been in use in recent years to ensure comprehensive monitoring is in place as a complementary tool for continued process verification to detect weak signals. This article addresses a longstanding, industry‐wide problem in BPM, referred to as the “Low‐N” problem, wherein a product has a limited production history. The current best industrial practice to address the Low‐N problem is to switch from a multivariate to a univariate BPM, until sufficient product history is available to build and deploy a multivariate BPM platform. Every batch run without a robust multivariate BPM platform poses risk of not detecting potential weak signals developing in the process that might have an impact on process and product performance. In this article, we propose an approach to solve the Low‐N problem by generating an arbitrarily large number of in silico batches through a combination of hardware exploitation and machine‐learning methods. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first article to provide a solution to the Low‐N problem in biopharmaceutical manufacturing using machine‐learning methods. Several industrial case studies from bulk drug substance manufacturing are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for BPM under various Low‐N scenarios.
Neuroprotective Potential and Chemical Profile of Alternatively Cultivated Ganoderma lucidum Basidiocarps
Authors: Ćilerdžić Jasmina Lj. , Sofrenić Ivana V. , Tešević Vele V. , Brčeski Ilija D. , Duletić‐Laušević Sonja N. , Vukojević Jelena B. , Stajić Mirjana M. 
Published: April 2018

Various neurodegenerative diseases are the main challenges to the modern medicine and there is a great need for novel, natural, neuroprotective agents. Ganoderma lucidum is a well‐known medicinal mushroom, which health benefits have been confirmed by numerous studies. As demand for its basidiocarps is increased and traditional cultivation on hardwoods is not environmentally friendly and economically justified, finding of alternative substrates is necessary. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of alternative cultivation substrates on the chemical profile of G. lucidum basidiocarps and their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, which higher activity is directly associated with neurodegenerative processes. Extracts of basidiocarps cultivated on alternative substrates, especially on clear wheat straw, showed significantly higher inhibition capacities than extracts of commercially‐grown ones. These extracts were considerably different chemically from commercial basidiocarps extracts and even nine new compounds were isolated from them. Our results suggest that cultivation substrate greatly affect the chemical profile and neuroprotective capacity of obtained basidiocarps and wheat straw is a promising cultivation substrate.
Using re‐calibrated design S‐N curves for fatigue assessment of road bridges
Authors: D'Angelo Luca , Nussbaumer Alain 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFatigue design of road bridges according to Eurocode standards can be based on damage accumulation, provided that information about loading spectrum is available. Characteristic values of fatigue resistance and load effects as well as partial safety factors are introduced in the design equation in order to achieve a target reliability level. Partial safety factors are used to obtain the fatigue design S‐N curves from the characteristic S‐N curves. New probabilistic framework proposed by authors for calibration of fatigue partial safety factors allows for re‐definition of Eurocode‐based design S‐N curves. The new framework improves the confidence in the reliability level represented by the design S‐N curves. In this paper a real case study showing the impact of re‐calibration of design S‐N curves on fatigue design of a road bridge is presented. Importance of choice of design S‐N curves is assessed both in terms of allowable traffic volume and of bridge fatigue design life.
A physician‐initiated intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening in Chinese patients
Authors: Sun Angela , Tsoh Janice Y. , Tong Elisa K. , Cheng Joyce , Chow Edward A. , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDAmong Chinese American individuals, only approximately 42% of cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are diagnosed at an early stage, possibly because these patients are less likely than non‐Hispanic white individuals to undergo CRC screening.METHODSPrimary care physicians (PCPs) were recruited from a local independent practice association serving Chinese Americans and randomized into early‐intervention and delayed‐intervention groups. PCPs in the early‐intervention group received continuing medical education (CME), and their patients received an intervention mailer, consisting of a letter with the PCP's recommendation, a bilingual educational booklet, and a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) kit in year 1. PCPs in the delayed‐intervention group received no CME, and their patients received the mailers in year 2.RESULTSA total of 20 PCPs were assigned to the early‐intervention and 22 PCPs to the delayed‐intervention group. A total of 3120 patients of these participating PCPs who had undergone CRC screening that was due during the study period were included. A total of 915 mailers were sent in year 1 and 830 mailers were sent in year 2. FOBT screening rates increased from 26.7% at baseline to 58.5% in year 1 in the early‐intervention group versus 19.6% at baseline to 22.2% in year 1 in the delayed‐intervention group (P<.0001). The overall effect size of the mailer intervention with or without CME was estimated as a difference of 26.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 22.0‐31.2 percentage points) from baseline compared with usual care. The intervention was found to have no impact on rates of colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current pilot study demonstrated that a mailer including educational materials and FOBT kits can increase CRC screening rates with or without CME for the PCPs. Cancer 2018;124:1568‐75. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Disparities in the survivorship experience among Latina survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Olagunju Tinuke O. , Liu Yihang , Liang Li‐Jung , Stomber James M. , Griggs Jennifer J. , Ganz Patricia A. , Thind Amardeep , Maly Rose C. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe authors investigated disparities in the survivorship experience among Latinas with breast cancer (BC) in comparison with non‐Latinas.METHODSA cross‐sectional bilingual telephone survey was conducted among 212 Latina and non‐Latina women within 10 to 24 months after a diagnosis of BC (AJCC TNM staging system stage 0‐III) at 2 Los Angeles County public hospitals. Data were collected using the Preparing for Life as a (New) Survivor (PLANS) scale, Perceived Efficacy in Patient‐Physician Interactions Questionnaire (PEPPI), Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) Symptom Checklist, Satisfaction with Care and Information Scale, Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) tool, Charlson Comorbidity Index adapted for patient self‐report, and the 12‐item Short Form Health Survey. Controlling variables included age, stage as determined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system, educational level, and study site in multivariate analyses.RESULTSThe mean ages of Latinas and non‐Latinas were 51.5 years and 56.6 years, respectively. Compared with non‐Latinas, Latinas reported less BC survivorship knowledge (27.3 vs 30.7; P<.0001), were more dissatisfied with BC care information (2.3 vs 3.4; P<.0001), reported lower PEPPI scores (38.2 vs 42.2; P = .03), and experienced more BCPT symptoms (6.4 vs 5.0; P = .04). No differences were noted regarding their confidence in survivorship care preparedness (42.7 vs 41; P = .191), satisfaction with BC survivorship care (9.6 vs 8.8; P = .298), or their discussion with physicians (9.6 vs 8.1; P = .07). These ethnic group differences persisted in multivariate analyses, with the exception of PEPPI.CONCLUSIONSLatina survivors of BC experienced disparities in BC knowledge and satisfaction with information received, but believed themselves to be prepared for survivorship and were as satisfied with providers, care received, and discussions with physicians as non‐Latinas. Cancer 2018;124:2373‐80. © 2018 American Cancer Society.