bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of lossy data compression on the power spectrum of the high-redshift 21 cm signal with LOFAR
Authors: Chege J. K. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Offringa A. R. , Gehlot B. K. , Brackenhoff S. A. , Ceccotti E. , Ghosh S. , Höfer C. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Munshi S. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Current radio interferometers output multi-petabyte-scale volumes of data per year, making the storage, transfer, and processing of these data a sizeable challenge. This challenge is expected to grow with next-generation telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which will produce a considerably larger data volume than current instruments. Lossy compression of interferometric data post-correlation can abate this challenge, but any drawbacks from the compression should be well understood in advance.
Aims. Lossy data compression reduces the precision of data, introducing additional noise. Since high-redshift (e.g., cosmic dawn or epoch of reionization) 21 cm studies impose strict precision requirements, the impact of this effect on the 21 cm signal power spectrum statistic is investigated in a bid to rule out unwanted systematics.
Methods. We applied DYSCO visibility compression, a technique for normalizing and quantizing specifically designed for radio interferometric data, to observed visibilities datasets from the LOFAR telescope as well as simulated ones. The power spectrum of these data was analyzed, and we establish the level of the compression noise in the power spectrum in comparison to the thermal noise. We also examined its coherency behavior by employing the cross-coherence metric. Finally, for optimal compression results, we compared the compression noise obtained from different compression settings to a nominal 21 cm signal power.
Results. From a single night of observation, we find that the noise introduced due to the compression is more than five orders of magnitude lower than the thermal noise level in the power spectrum. The noise does not affect calibration. Furthermore, the noise remains subdominant to the noise introduced by the nonlinear calibration algorithm used following random parameter initialization across different runs. The compression noise shows no correlation with the sky signal and has no measurable coherent component, therefore averaging down optimally with the integration of more data. The level of compression error in the power spectrum ultimately depends on the compression settings.
Conclusions. DYSCO visibility compression is found to be an insignificant concern for 21 cm power spectrum studies. Hence, data volumes can be safely reduced by factors of ∼4 with insignificant bias to the final power spectrum. Data from SKA-Low will likely be compressible by the same factor as data from LOFAR owing to the similarities of the two instruments. The same technique can be used to compress data from other telescopes, but a small adjustment of the compression parameters might be required.
The role of thermal instability in accretion outbursts in high-mass stars
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan G. , Nayakshin Sergei , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Kuiper Rolf , Guo Zhen 
Published: November 2024

Context. High-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) can exhibit episodic bursts of accretion, accompanied by intense outflows and luminosity variations. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving these phenomena is crucial for elucidating the early evolution of massive stars and their feedback on star formation processes.
Aims. Thermal instability (TI) due to hydrogen ionisation is among the most promising mechanisms of episodic accretion in low-mass (M* ≲ 1 M⊙) protostars. Its role in HMYSOs has not yet been determined. Here we investigate the properties of TI outbursts in young massive (M* ≳ 5 M⊙) stars, and compare them to those that have been observed to date.
Methods. We employed a 1D numerical model to simulate TI outbursts in HMYSO accretion discs. We varied the key model parameters, such as stellar mass, mass accretion rate onto the disc, and disc viscosity, to assess the TI outburst properties.
Results. Our simulations show that modelled TI bursts can replicate the durations and peak accretion rates of long outbursts (a few years to decades) observed in HMYSOs with similar mass characteristics. However, they struggle with short-duration bursts (less than a year) with short rise times (a few weeks or months), suggesting the need for alternative mechanisms. Moreover, while our models match the durations of longer bursts, they fail to reproduce the multiple outbursts seen in some HMYSOs, regardless of model parameters. We also emphasise the significance of not just evaluating model accretion rates and durations, but also performing photometric analysis to thoroughly evaluate the consistency between model predictions and observational data.
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that some other plausible mechanisms, such as gravitational instabilities and disc fragmentation, can be responsible for generating the observed outburst phenomena in HMYSOs, and we underscore the need for further investigation into alternative mechanisms driving short outbursts. However, the physics of TI is crucial in sculpting the inner disc physics in the early bright epoch of massive star formation, and comprehensive parameter space exploration; the use of 2D modelling is essential to obtaining a more detailed understanding of the underlying physical processes. By bridging theoretical predictions with observational constraints, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge of HMYSO accretion physics and the early evolution of massive stars.
Does Preoperative Renal Tumour Biopsy Impact Trifecta Achievement in Partial Nephrectomy?
Authors: Simsekoglu Muhammed Fatih , Demirbilek Muhammet , Vural Ahmet , Aferin Ugur , Tunc Burcin , Citgez Sinharib , Demirdag Cetin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the effect of renal tumour biopsy (RTB) on trifecta criteria achievement in patients treated with open partial nephrectomy (OPN).

Methods Patients who were diagnosed with renal cancer and underwent OPN between 2012 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The RTB group consisted of patients who underwent RTB before OPN, while the non-RTB group consisted of those who did not undergo RTB. No matching method was employed since parameters such as tumour size and Padua score were comparable between the two groups. The primary outcome was trifecta achievement, defined as negative surgical margins, warm ischemia time (WIT) <25 minutes, and no complications. Secondary outcomes were the clinicopathologic and survival outcomes of both groups.

Results There were 137 (82.03%) patients in the non-RTB group and 30 (17.96%) patients in the RTB group. The median postoperative follow-up was 45 (24–141) months. The median tumour size was 3.4 (1–7) cm and 3 (1.4–7) cm in the non-RTB group and RTB group, respectively (p=0.282). Seventy-five of the 137 (54.76%) patients in the non-RTB group and 16 of the 30 (53.3%) patients in the RTB group achieved the trifecta criteria (p=0.878). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of metastasis-free survival (p=0.332) or overall survival (p=0.359) at 24 months. The rate of intraparenchymal lymphovascular invasion was significantly higher in the RTB group (16.6%) than in the non-RTB group (2.92%) (p=0.013).

Conclusions Our study indicated that trifecta achievement rates were comparable between patients who did and those who did not undergo RTB. Consequently, RTB can be safely performed in renal cancer.
MPFL-Plastik mit autologer Quadrizepssehne bei offenen Wachstumsfugen
Authors: Balcarek Peter 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungAuch beim Kind und Jugendlichen wird trotz offener Wachstumsfugen die Rekonstruktion des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments (MPFL) zur Behandlung der Patellaluxation empfohlen. Die offene Epiphysenfuge am medialen distalen Femur erfordert allerdings ein darauf abgestimmtes operatives Vorgehen mir notwendiger Kenntnis der Lagebeziehung der femoralen MPFL-Insertion zur Wachstumsfuge. Dargestellt wird die Technik der MPFL-Rekonstruktion mittels eines autologen gestielten Quadrizepssehnentransplantats mit femoraler Bohrkanalfixierung distal der Epiphysenfuge.
Assessment of Nasal Breathing Function and Tip Definition after the Implementation of the Cephalic Lateral Crural Advancement Flap Technique
Authors: Macía Germán , Ortega Ana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCephalic trimming of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) can result in the collapse of the internal and external nasal valves, pinched nose, and alar retraction. The cephalic lateral crural advancement flap (CLCAF) technique is introduced as a method to prevent these complications by avoiding grafts in the LLC. A retrospective study was conducted on 126 open-approach rhinoplasties (82 female and 44 male) employing the CLCAF technique between January 2021 and March 2022. Preoperatively, 20 patients exhibited collapse of the internal nasal valve. CLCAF was performed in all patients following cephalic incision, leaving 7 to 8 mm horizontally and caudally of LLC, and preserving the scroll ligament. The CLCAF was advanced onto the lateral crura to reinforce it and tension the scroll ligament. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale was used to assess the technique. The average postoperative follow-up period was 14 months. Overall, 114 patients (90.5%) experienced improved nasal breathing on the NOSE scale, and the overall NOSE score significantly decreased from a mean of 30.4 to 14.0 (p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in NOSE scores was observed in groups with moderate, severe, and extreme obstruction (p < 0.001), with greater improvement seen in the patients with more severe preoperative nasal breathing obstruction. Postintervention, no patient exhibited collapse of the internal valve, and all patients with preoperative collapse of the internal nasal valve showed an increase of at least 40 points in the NOSE scale. Two patients required revision due to tip asymmetry related to CLCAF. Pinched nose or alar retraction was not observed postoperatively in any patient. The implementation of CLCAF, combined with other techniques, enhances nasal breathing function, prevents the collapse of the internal nasal valve, and leads to optimal nasal tip definition, resulting in a better-shaped and functioning nose.
Innovations in Diabetes Management for Pregnant Women: Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Murrin Ellen M. , Saad Antonio F. , Sullivan Scott , Millo Yuri , Miodovnik Menachem 
Published: November 2024

Pregnancies impacted by diabetes face the compounded challenge of strict glycemic control with mounting insulin resistance as the pregnancy progresses. New technological advances, including artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), are revolutionizing health care delivery by providing innovative solutions for diabetes care during pregnancy. Together, AI and the IoMT are a multibillion-dollar industry that integrates advanced medical devices and sensors into a connected network that enables continuous monitoring of glucose levels. AI-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can predict glucose trends and provide tailored evidence-based treatments with real-time adjustments as insulin resistance changes with placental growth. Additionally, mobile health (mHealth) applications facilitate patient education and self-management through real-time tracking of diet, physical activity, and glucose levels. Remote monitoring capabilities are particularly beneficial for pregnant persons with diabetes as they extend quality care to underserved populations and reduce the need for frequent in-person visits. This high-resolution monitoring allows physicians and patients access to an unprecedented wealth of data to make more informed decisions based on real-time data, reducing complications for both the mother and fetus. These technologies can potentially improve maternal and fetal outcomes by enabling timely, individualized interventions based on personalized health data. While AI and IoMT offer significant promise in enhancing diabetes care for improved maternal and fetal outcomes, their implementation must address challenges such as data security, cost-effectiveness, and preserving the essential patient–provider relationship.
Key Points
The Impact of Pregestational Diabetes on Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Murrin Ellen M. , Saad Antonio F. , Sullivan Scott , Miodovnik Menachem 
Published: November 2024

Maternal mortality in the United States is on the rise, demonstrating a concerning trend that stands in stark contrast to the falling rates in other developed countries. A key challenge facing the improvement of maternal care is the mounting prevalence of chronic health conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, which are often linked to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Pregestational diabetes now impacts 1 to 2% of pregnancies, while gestational diabetes affects another 7.8%. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes elevate the risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMM), including severe cardiac morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, hemorrhage, infection, and mental health conditions. The increase in diabetes is thought to account for 17% of the increase in maternal mortality between 1997 and 2012. Another critical issue facing maternal care is the significant disparity in pregnancy outcomes among populations facing greater burdens of adverse social determinants of health, including socioeconomic characteristics, chronic stress, and systemic racism. For example, non-Hispanic Black women are 2.5 times more likely to die during pregnancy and the postpartum period than non-Hispanic White women. Vulnerable populations, often minorities, are also more likely to develop risk factors for SMM, such as type 2 diabetes. As pregestational diabetes is a particularly morbid condition in pregnancy, examining its complications and evidence-based treatments could significantly impact both maternal mortality rates and disparities in pregnancy outcomes in the United States. This review explores the relationship between pregestational diabetes and SMM, how the risk of SMM can be modified by disparities, and avenues for advancing care through future research.
Key Points
A Retrospective Review of Ambulatory Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in a Suburban Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Famurewa Bamidele A. , Jimoh Taoheed A. , Ugwu Ethelbert I. , Oginni Fadekemi O. 
Published: November 2024

Background Ambulatory surgical procedures are integral aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMS) practice.
Objective The aim of this study is to report the scope of ambulatory OMS procedures in a Nigerian suburban teaching hospital.
Method A retrospective review of ambulatory OMS procedures performed at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2021 and February 2022 was conducted. Sociodemographic data, diagnoses, procedures, type of anesthesia, and immediate postoperative complications were retrieved from patients' records. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Results Two hundred and fifty-two ambulatory OMS procedures were performed during the 12-month study period. This accounted for 80.3% (252/314) of elective surgeries. The patients' mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 32.2 (10.4) years, while a slight male preponderance (51.6%) was recorded. Third molar surgery was the commonest (48.0%) procedure undertaken in ambulatory setting. Most (90.9%) of them were performed under local anesthesia. Satisfactory postoperative pain control was achieved with the use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics in most patients (81.7%). However, owing to a failed ambulatory session, there was an eventual admission rate of 0.4% (1/252).
Conclusion Ambulatory surgical procedures constitute the majority of the OMS elective cases, with third molar surgery being the commonest procedure. Judicious prescription and administration of oral analgesics were effective in managing postoperative pain in our day case OMS patients. We recommend a prospective study to determine an intermediate/long-term outcome of care in ambulatory settings.
Orbital and Premaxillary Emphysema as a Result of Nose-Blowing Following Blepharoplasty
Authors: Tarım Bilge , Kılıç Meltem 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 41-year-old man presented with sudden-onset swelling, redness, and pain in the right eye, 4 days after bilateral upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty. The symptoms were preceded by a forceful nose-blowing episode. Upon examination, periorbital edema and subcutaneous crepitus were observed, along with limitations in upward gaze. Computed tomography revealed bilateral premaxillary and extraconal air accumulation. Since there was no optic nerve ischemia or orbital compartment syndrome, the patient was closely monitored. Spontaneous regression of the emphysema was observed during follow-ups. Orbital emphysema, although commonly associated with trauma, can also arise from compelling movements such as severe nose-blowing, as demonstrated in this unique case postblepharoplasty. The structural changes during surgery may contribute to weakened support, predisposing patients to emphysema following sudden pressure changes. Clinicians should be vigilant for periorbital edema and subcutaneous crepitus after facial surgeries, emphasizing the importance of timely imaging for diagnosis. Awareness campaigns advising against forceful actions like sneezing, coughing, and nose-blowing during the initial postoperative period are crucial to prevent potential complications.
An Isolated Cutaneous Relapse in a Known Case of Systemic ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Shetty Monisha , Girisha Banavasi Shanmukha , Gowda Sona C. , Shetty Vijith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmong non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a relatively uncommon subtype that accounts for 3% of all adult NHLs. It typically affects young males, with a prevalence of three to one. Most cases present with nodal disease at the time of presentation. An extranodal involvement is seen in 60% of cases and skin involvement is seen in only 8 to 21% of cases. Cutaneous involvement in ALCL can manifest as primary cutaneous ALCL or secondary to systemic ALCL, and while CD30 positivity is common to both, ALK is not expressed by the former. A secondary skin involvement is usually associated with a poorer prognosis.We report a rare case of an isolated cutaneous relapse of systemic ALK-positive ALCL in a 62-year-old woman following the second cycle of chemotherapy. The acute febrile, widespread papulonodular eruption clinically resembled mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. With the introduction of oral crizotinib, a drastic improvement in the skin lesions and an exceptional response on positron emission tomography-computed tomography were noted.
Long-term relaxation of orientational disorder and structural modifications in molecular nitrogen at high pressure
Authors: Tschauner Oliver , Navon Oded , Schmidt Christian , Wirth Richard , Weiss Yaakov , Kempe Yael , Remennik Sergei , Liu Wenjun , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: November 2024

Up to 17 GPa, the crystalline phases of N2 are characterized by pronounced orientational disorder, whereas the higher-pressure phases of molecular N2 are ordered. This raises the question about long-term relaxation of orientational disorder within the low- to intermediate-pressure regime. Here, this question is addressed by comparing synthetic with natural, chemically pure, solid N2 that resides as inclusions in diamonds at 300 K for about 108 years at pressures up to 11 GPa. It is shown that disorder prevails at 8.7 GPa, 300 K, where both synthetic and natural N2 assume the same structure. However, at 10.8 GPa, natural solid N2 exhibits monoclinic distortion and partial orientational ordering of the molecules, both of which are not observed in synthetic material. This difference is interpreted as the result of long-term structural relaxation. The ordering mechanism is examined and placed into the context of the δ- to ε-N2 transition. We present explanations for the absence of complete ordering of δ-N2.
Fabrication of disk ultramicroelectrode using nanoskiving method
Authors: Geng Yanquan , Zhao Hainan , Yan Yongda , Fang Zhuo , Wang Jiqiang 
Published: November 2024

The detection time of the ultramicroelectrode can be reduced to nanoseconds when compared to the macroscopic electrode, enabling real-time monitoring of the instantaneous electrochemical behavior of the microstructure. Preparing ultramicroelectrode thus has drawn great attention recently. In the present study, a novel method for the preparation of disk ultramicroelectrodes with controllable electrode end sizes based on the nanoskiving method is proposed. The feature dimensions of the ultramicroelectrode can be controlled by the nanoskiving parameters. The electrochemical performance of the prepared ultramicroelectrode is evaluated in the solution system consisting of a 1 mM FcMeOH (ferrocenyl methanol) and 0.1 M KCl aqueous solution. The steady-state limit current deviation rate of the electrode is 7%, and it can work continuously for 600 s. Moreover, the electrode is integrated with micrometer precision scanning and positioning devices, which conduct electrochemical characterization of the micron structure array sample. The electrochemical image of the tin-doped indium oxide sample is measured successfully. The funding in this study provides a novel method to prepare ultramicroelectrodes. Importantly, high-precision electrochemical imaging equipment is established that can be used to measure electrochemical images.
In search of home
Authors: Kjærgård Jonas Ross 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Secret History tells the story of two sisters, Mary and Clara, who have joined
Clara’s husband as he attempts to regain his lost colonial possessions in the final period of the Haitian Revolution.
In contrast to the frights she experiences in war-ridden Saint-Domingue, Mary dreams longingly of a stable home. This
chapter analyzes the novel’s dichotomy of horrifying fear and happy dreams on the level of figurative language,
composition, and literary geography. It argues that Secret History engages with the specific
challenge of forging a North-American cultural identity. The chapter also explores Sansay’s use of the sentimental
mode, showing that it is used to interrogate the humanity of friends and foes, enslaved and free.
Showing and feeling the atrocities of slavery
Authors: Köhler Sigrid G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
German-language playwrights inscribed themselves into the international debate on abolition at the
end of the 18th century, making themselves part of a transnational political communicative space. Most of these
authors are rarely read today, except for August von Kotzebue, the most frequently performed German-language author of
this period. These authors usually conceived their plays as discourse dramas that reflected the contradiction between
the ideals of the Enlightenment and the system of enslavement and denounced slavery as a violation of human rights. To
this end, as an analysis of Kotzebue’s play The Negro Slaves will show, they transgress the
sentimentalist aesthetics prevailing in contemporary theatre and develop an implicit poetics and aesthetics of what I
call the ‘drastic.’