bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the algebra of transition types, and the cut-and-join operator
Authors: Krasil′nikov E. 
Published: December 2024

Simple real Hurwitz numbers enumerate real meromorphic functions on real algebraic curves all finite critical values of which are simple. M. Kazarian, S. Lando, and S. Natanzon constructed algebras of transition types having these numbers as structure constants, and deduced cut-and-join type equations for generating functions for them. The subject of the present paper is the structure of the algebras of transition types and approaches to efficient computation of simple real Hurwitz numbers.
Challenges in implementing school-based drug prevention programs led by law enforcement officers
Authors: Valente Juliana Y , Gusmões Julia D , Garcia-Cerde Rodrigo , Pietrobon Tania , Sanchez Zila M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
School-based prevention drug programs in the United States and Brazil are most commonly delivered by law enforcement officers (LEOs). However, limited research has explored challenges involved in the delivery of these interventions specifically related to their implementation by LEOs. We aim to describe the challenges affecting the implementation of school-based drug prevention programs delivered by LEOs. We conducted a qualitative study using 31 semi-structured interviews with LEOs who delivered the Brazilian version of the DARE-Keepin’ it REAL program (fifth- and seventh-grade curriculum) and 8 focus groups with 80 students who participated in the program. All data were thematically analyzed. LEOs perceived devaluation from the police corporation, resulting in resource limitations and commanders’ resistance to adapting schedules. Relationships with the school community posed additional challenges. Fifth graders seemed generally positive about LEOs’ presence while seventh graders showed more negative responses. LEOs’ street-level policing experiences influenced their approach to clarifying the consequences of drug use and willingness to share related experiences, even though this content is not part of the program. Therefore, it is crucial to consider alternative approaches to delivering preventive programs in schools, while simultaneously improving the training of LEOs already involved in program implementation to ensure alignment with evidence-based practices.
Oxytocin Reduces Methylphenidate-Induced Dorsal Striatal Dopamine Release in Male Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Lee Mary R , Shokri Kojori Ehsan , Dieckmann William , Singley Erick , Mattison Julie A , Herscovitch Peter , Leggio Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Oxytocin is being evaluated as a potential treatment for psychostimulant use disorders. It is unknown what effect oxytocin has on dopamine signaling in response to psychostimulants in brain regions such as the striatum where oxytocin and dopamine interact to process natural rewards. We investigated the effect of oxytocin on striatal dopamine release stimulated by methylphenidate whose mechanism of action is analogous to that of cocaine.

Methods
We conducted an [11C] raclopride positron emission tomography study to assess striatal dopamine release in male rhesus macaques treated with oxytocin (80 IU) (administered via the intranasal [N = 5] and intravenous [N = 6] routes) followed by methylphenidate/[11C] raclopride.

Results
Oxytocin delivered by both routes significantly reduced methylphenidate-stimulated dopamine release in the dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen). These effects were, in part, evidenced by a reduction in dorsal striatal [11C] raclopride binding potential (increased dopamine release) following oxytocin administration.

Conclusions
The results provide translational and mechanistic evidence for the potential role of oxytocin as a treatment for psychostimulant use disorders.
Exploring the Anxiolytic Potential of NPY by a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor in an Animal Model of PTSD
Authors: Dahan Matan , Zohar Joseph , Todder Doron , Mathé Aleksander A , Cohen Hagit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The regulatory neuropeptide Y (NPY) is implicated in anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related behaviors. NPY exerts its effects through 5 receptor subtypes, with Y1 and Y2 receptors being predominantly expressed in the rat brain. Activation of Y1 by full-length NPY1-36 induces anxiolytic effects, whereas Y2 binds truncated peptides, eliciting region-specific anxiogenic responses. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) cleaves NPY, thereby modulating its functionality. Sitagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor (DPP-IV-I), inhibits the degradation of various vasoactive peptides, including cerebral NPY. As such, the therapeutic potential of DPP-IV-I following a traumatic event remains inconclusive. We assessed the effects of a highly selective DPP-IV-I, administered either shortly after the stressor or intermittently over 3 days, on behavioral outcomes using the predator scent stress (PSS) model of PTSD.

Methods
Rats exposed to PSS or sham-PSS received a single dose of sitagliptin (10 or 30 mg/kg) or saline 1 hour post-exposure, or repeated doses over 3 days (20 mg/kg). Behavioral outcomes were evaluated using the elevated plus maze and acoustic startle response at 7 days post-exposure. Additionally, rats exposed to PSS or sham-PSS were treated with sitagliptin (30 mg/kg) or saline, and their brains were prepared for immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Sitagliptin did not attenuate anxiety-related behaviors or PTSD-related behavior prevalence compared to saline. Notably, the 30 mg/kg dose increased NPY levels in several brain regions without affecting NPY-Y1 levels.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that sitagliptin-induced upregulation of NPY levels shortly after PSS is insufficient to prevent the development of post-traumatic responses. The effectiveness of NPY signaling may be influenced by factors beyond peptide concentration alone, potentially limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Activation of NPY-Y1 receptors, rather than merely increasing NPY levels, appears to be crucial for modulating anti-anxiety and post-traumatic responses.
Genetic evaluation of productive longevity in a multibreed beef cattle population
Authors: Passafaro Tiago Luciano , Rubio Yeni Liliana Bernal , Vukasinovic Natascha , Gonzalez-Peña Dianelys  , Gordo Daniel Gustavo Mansan , Short Thomas , Leachman Lee , Andersen Kent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Genetic selection for traits that have a direct impact on profitability, such as productive longevity (PL), which blends cow longevity with regular reproductive performance, is fundamental for the economic success of beef cow-calf operations. The purpose of this study was to develop a data screening strategy and a statistical model to predict genetic merit for PL in a multibreed beef cattle population. Pedigree (n = 1,352,765) and phenotype (n = 978,382) information were provided by Leachman Cattle of Colorado, and genotypes (n = 26,342) were provided by the Zoetis commercial genotyping laboratory. A repeatability model (REP) including the systematic effects of age at first calving, year-season of progeny birth, pedigree-based retained heterosis, and parity number, as well as the random effects of the additive genetic, permanent environment, contemporary group, and residual were fitted to adjust PL. In addition, a random regression model (RRM) was fitted to investigate PL considering the same effects, with the difference that random effects were regressed on parity. Estimated breeding values (EBV) were obtained by single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and transformed to predict differences in the number of calves through linear regression. Predictive performance was assessed in a group of 7,268 cows born in 2010. Heritability estimates for PL were relatively low, with values of 0.109 for REP and a decreasing trend for RRM with values ranging from 0.16 to 0.04. Repeatability for PL was of moderate magnitude, with values of 0.415 for REP and from 0.29 to 0.57 for RRM. Heritability estimates suggest that most of the phenotypic variation was accounted for by environmental factors, but long-term genetic selection could still be effective. REP was more efficient than RRM, showing the lower number of iterations and time to reach convergence with comparable solutions to RRM. Validation results showed that correlations between EBV and phenotypes (observed/precorrected) increased over the years ranging from 0.04 to 0.92. Repeatability values and the validation approach suggested that using a cow’s first record (second parity success or failure) is a reasonably good indicator of posterior performance for PL. Therefore, the inclusion of PL in a multibreed genetic evaluation program and incorporation into selection indexes with existing economic traits can enable more profitable selection and breeding decisions in beef cattle herds.
Loss of cped1 does not affect bone and lean tissue in zebrafish
Authors: Alvarado Kurtis , Tang W Joyce , Watson Claire J , Ahmed Ali R , Gómez Arianna Ericka , Donaka Rajashekar , Amemiya Chris , Karasik David , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Kwon Ronald Young 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Human genetic studies have nominated cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain-containing 1 (CPED1) as a candidate target gene mediating bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk heritability. Recent efforts to define the role of CPED1 in bone in mouse and human models have revealed complex alternative splicing and inconsistent results arising from gene targeting, making its function in bone difficult to interpret. To better understand the role of CPED1 in adult bone mass and morphology, we conducted a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic analysis of cped1 in zebrafish, an emerging model for bone and mineral research. We analyzed two different cped1 mutant lines and performed deep phenotyping to characterize more than 200 measures of adult vertebral, craniofacial, and lean tissue morphology. We also examined alternative splicing of zebrafish cped1 and gene expression in various cell/tissue types. Our studies fail to support an essential role of cped1 in adult zebrafish bone. Specifically, homozygous mutants for both cped1 mutant alleles, which are expected to result in loss-of-function and impact all cped1 isoforms, exhibited no significant differences in the measures examined when compared to their respective wildtype controls, suggesting that cped1 does not significantly contribute to these traits. We identified sequence differences in critical residues of the catalytic triad between the zebrafish and mouse orthologs of CPED1, suggesting that differences in key residues, as well as distinct alternative splicing, could underlie different functions of CPED1 orthologs in the two species. Our studies fail to support a requirement of cped1 in zebrafish bone and lean tissue, adding to evidence that variants at 7q31.31 can act independently of CPED1 to influence BMD and fracture risk.
Evaluation of early metabolic changes following vorasidenib using FET PET in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas
Authors: Galldiks Norbert , Werner Jan-Michael , Stetter Isabelle , Puhr Hannah C , Nakuz Thomas S , Stoffels Gabriele , Albert Nathalie L , Langen Karl-Josef , Lohmann Philipp , Preusser Matthias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The phase-3 INDIGO trial demonstrated that the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor vorasidenib significantly prolonged progression-free survival and delayed intervention in patients with CNS WHO grade 2 gliomas. However, conventional MRI showed limited response, with only 11% of patients having objective responses. Studies suggest that serial PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids, such as O -(2-[18 F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET, may provide earlier and more informative assessments of treatment response than MRI. In an initial experience with FET PET, 3 out of 5 patients showed metabolic response to vorasidenib. This highlights FET PET’s potential to guide decision-making, though further trials are needed to confirm outcome benefits.
The study of policy coordination: an approach to integrate expert assessment with automated content analysis
Authors: Kelchtermans Stijn , Santos Anabela M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Public policy scholars have long agreed that the coordination of policies involving different authorities and policy frameworks is challenging. This paper responds to recent calls to explore new empirical methods for studying policy coordination by integrating automated text analysis into the workflow of human experts. A key contribution of our approach is a quantitative indicator of the semantic alignment between different policy objectives. We critically review the performance of the indicator in terms of its ability to assess both horizontal and vertical policy coordination by analysing the Recovery and Resilience Plan (2021–26) and the national and regional Smart Specialization Strategies (2021–27) in Portugal. Based on this exercise, we reflect on the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of automated text analysis of policy documents as well as its potential in other empirical settings.
The prospective association of cellular markers of biological aging with menopause in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Appiah Duke , Wellons Melissa F. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Puterman Eli , Hou Lifang , Kim Catherine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Evidence from cross-sectional studies mainly among postmenopausal women suggests that biological aging is associated with reproductive senescence. We evaluated the prospective association of cellular markers of biological aging measured during the premenopausal period, and changes in these markers, with age at menopause.

Methods
We studied 583 premenopausal women (39% Black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study who had data on biological aging markers in 2000-2001 and reached menopause by 2020-2021. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, intrinsic or extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, and PhenoAge or GrimAge acceleration with age at menopause.

Results
The mean age at baseline was 41.2 ± 3.3 years, with the mean age at menopause being 49.1 (median, 50) years. About one in five women had surgical menopause. In chronological age-adjusted models, only baseline GrimAge acceleration was associated with age at menopause; women whose epigenetic age was older than their chronological age reached menopause at 0.12 years (~6 weeks) earlier compared with women with equal epigenetic and chronological age (β = −0.123; 95% CI, −0.224 to −0.022; P = 0.018). However, this association was not statistically significant after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavior/lifestyle, and metabolic factors. Similar results were observed when changes in these biological aging markers were evaluated. The same associations were observed in analyses limited to women who reached natural menopause.

Conclusions
Sociodemographic, behavior/lifestyle, and metabolic factors remain comparable, if not more robust predictors of the age at menopause compared with cellular measures of biological age.
Association of diastolic blood pressure and coronary artery calcium in South Asian American adults
Authors: Moorthy Meena , Kandula Namratha R. , Lancki Nicola , Siddique Juned , Thangada Neela , Shimbo Daichi , Pedamallu Havisha , Kanaya Alka M. , Shah Nilay S. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, independent of systolic blood pressure (SBP). However, prior evaluation of the association of DBP with coronary artery calcium (CAC) has not included South Asian adults, a population that is at excess risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods:
In the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study, we evaluated the association of sex-specific DBP tertiles and CAC score > = 100 with robust Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, SBP, BP medication use, and other cardiovascular risk factors. We examined these associations stratified by antihypertensive medication use, and secondarily the association of baseline DBP tertile with incident CAC over median 4.7 years of follow-up.

Results:
Among 1155 participants (48% women, mean age 57 years), mean (standard deviation) DBP was 74 (10) mmHg, 33% were on antihypertensive medications, and 22% had CAC > = 100. Relative to DBP in tertile 1, DBP in tertiles 2 and 3 was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of CAC > = 100 [adjusted prevalence ratio 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.65] and 1.47 (1.12–1.93), respectively]. These significant associations were primarily observed in participants who were not on antihypertensive medications. Baseline DBP tertile was not associated with incident CAC.

Conclusion:
Among South Asian adults in MASALA, DBP in the second or third tertiles vs. tertile 1 were associated with a higher prevalence of CAC > = 100 after adjustment for covariates, including SBP. DBP may be an important clinical ASCVD risk factor among South Asian adults.
Prognostic Significance of Biointegration at the Optic–Cornea Joint in Keratoprosthesis Implantation
Authors: Akpek Esen Karamursel , Aldave Anthony J. , Amescua Guillermo , Colby Kathryn A. , Cortina Maria S. , de la Cruz Jose , Parel Jean-Marie A. , Foster James W. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphological and immunological aspects of biointegration at the optic–cornea joint of a second-generation synthetic corneal device.

Methods:
The initial prototype, single-piece optic–skirt configuration, is constructed from compact and flexible perfluoroalkoxy alkane with porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) overlying the skirt to allow skirt–cornea biointegration. The second-generation version was modified to add ePTFE around the optic wall to allow optic–cornea biointegration. Initial and amended second-generation devices were implanted into healthy rabbit eyes. Clinical examination, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, light microscopy, and immunofluorescence studies were performed to assess structural integrity and determine molecular signatures indicative of inflammation and tissue remodeling between the 2 prototypes.

Results:
Recipient eyes with both device versions showed no epithelial defects or tissue retraction at 3 months postoperatively. Optical coherence tomography images demonstrated no appreciable perioptic space with either prototype. Histopathology of the initial device demonstrated lack of stromal adhesion at the optic–cornea joint with epithelium filling the perioptic space. Second-generation devices demonstrated full sealing of the recipient stroma along the optic stem. Although the routine histopathology did not demonstrate inflammatory cells in the recipient cornea with either device, immunohistochemistry stains demonstrated quiescent phenotype of stromal and epithelial cells only in the second-generation devices.

Conclusions:
Biointegration between the synthetic corneal device and recipient tissue at the optic–cornea joint seems to avert inflammation and may help prevent sterile tissue lysis and prolong retention.
Cervical Cancer 2010–2019: An Upper Midwest Catchment of 40,000 Square Miles
Authors: Ulmer Keely K. , Wilson Peter L. , Petereit Mark A. , Sargent Michele , Cina Kristin , Kroboth Lindsey , Petereit Daniel G. , Harper Diane M. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
American Indian (AI) women have a higher incidence and mortality from cervical cancer than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women in the US. This article’s purpose is to detail the clinical events in the cervical cancer prevention continuum among the AI and White women with cervical cancer on the US frontier.

Materials and Methods
A cancer center with a nearly 40,000 square-mile catchment area maintained a detailed cancer registry connected to the clinic records of all cervical cancer patients between 2010–2019. This catchment area provided records of both an AI and a White population. Descriptive and inferential statistics and modeling predictions detailed the prevention continuum.

Results
Among the 126 with cervical cancer, 20% were AI, and 78% were White. Sixty percent did not participate in cervical cancer screening within the 5 years before their diagnosis, and on average, 9.2 years passed since the last cervical cancer screening. 91% presented with symptoms, and most women presented with 2 or more symptoms. Thirteen percent underwent a colposcopic diagnostic step, significantly delaying the time to diagnosis compared to other diagnostic steps. Sixty-nine percent of the histopathologic diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma, and 27% were adenocarcinoma. Forty-nine percent presented at stage I regardless of histopathology. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were most commonly combined. Sixty-three percent of the population survived, and 42% survived at least 3 years from diagnosis. Younger age and earlier stages at diagnosis were the significant adjusted predictors of survival.

Conclusions
The authors’ detailed cervical cancer prevention continuum events provide new data questioning the use of colposcopy for women symptomatic at presentation.
Circulating Chromogranin A is associated with disease extent, progression and recurrence in patients with non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PNET)
Authors: Zyromski Nicholas J. , Lewellen Kyle A. , Maatman Thomas K. , McGuire Sean P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Non-functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PNET) are rare tumors with heterogeneous biology. Radiology and serum biomarkers are used for post-resection surveillance; however, no universally established protocol exists. Serum Chromogranin A (CgA) concentration is elevated in NF-PNET, and generally correlates with burden of disease; many CgA studies include mixed gastrointestinal and pancreatic populations. We sought to review the NF-PNET literature with focus on post-resection surveillance and hypothesized that CgA is useful for surveillance after NF-PNET resection.

Methods
Comprehensive English literature review by PICO criteria (P-human NF-PNET patients; I-pancreatectomy; C- none; O- CgA correlation with disease recurrence).

Results
Four studies yielded granular data for resected NF-PNET patients. From 333 patients, 113 recurred and 110 (97%) had elevated CgA. Additional 7 studies with mixed gastro-entero-pancreatic NET included 269 NF-PNET patients. In these patients, CgA uniformly predicted disease extent.

Conclusions
Serum Chromogranin A correlates with disease extent in NF-PNET, and is useful for surveillance after resection of NF-PNET.