bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unidirectional monosynaptic connections from auditory areas to the primary visual cortex in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Majka Piotr , Rosa Marcello G. P. , Bai Shi , Chan Jonathan M. , Huo Bing-Xing , Jermakow Natalia , Lin Meng K. , Takahashi Yeonsook S. , Wolkowicz Ianina H. , Worthy Katrina H. , Rajan Ramesh , Reser David H. , Wójcik Daniel K. , Okano Hideyuki , Mitra Partha P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUntil the late 20th Century, it was believed that different sensory modalities were processed by largely independent pathways in the primate cortex, with cross-modal integration only occurring in specialized polysensory areas. This model was challenged by the finding that the peripheral representation of the primary visual cortex (V1) receives monosynaptic connections from areas of the auditory cortex in the macaque. However, auditory projections to V1 have not been reported in other primates. We investigated the existence of direct interconnections between V1 and auditory areas in the marmoset, a New World monkey. Labelled neurons in auditory cortex were observed following 4 out of 10 retrograde tracer injections involving V1. These projections to V1 originated in the caudal subdivisions of auditory cortex (primary auditory cortex, caudal belt and parabelt areas), and targeted parts of V1 that represent parafoveal and peripheral vision. Injections near the representation of the vertical meridian of the visual field labelled few or no cells in auditory cortex. We also placed 8 retrograde tracer injections involving core, belt and parabelt auditory areas, none of which revealed direct projections from V1. These results confirm the existence of a direct, nonreciprocal projection from auditory areas to V1 in a different primate species, which has evolved separately from the macaque for over 30 million years. The essential similarity of these observations between marmoset and macaque indicate that early-stage audiovisual integration is a shared characteristic of primate sensory processing.
One‐year mortality among newly admitted older patients in a long‐term care hospital in South Korea
Authors: Kim Mi Sook , Shin Dong‐Soo , Kim SookNyeo 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesOlder Korean people's admission to long‐term care (LTC) hospitals is increasing. This study aimed to investigate one‐year mortality and related factors among older patients admitted to a LTC hospital.MethodsMedical records of 330 patients admitted to a LTC hospital in 2014 were reviewed. Factors related to death were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAbout 35% of the patients died within a year, and their average length of survival was 42.3 (SD = 68.4) days. Predictors of mortality within one year were as follows: cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.04); aged 85 and older (HR = 2.61); dependency: K‐ADL ≥ 21 (HR = 2.14); male sex (HR = 1.95); respiratory disease (HR = 1.68); cognitive function (HR = 1.65); and abnormal serum sodium level (HR = 1.65).ConclusionAt admission, proper assessment and planning for older patients at risk are beneficial to minimise negative consequences. The roles of LTC hospitals need further discussion.
Physical Activity, Well‐Being, and the Basic Psychological Needs: Adopting the SDT Model of Eudaimonia in a Post‐Cardiac Rehabilitation Sample
Authors: Saunders Chelsey , Huta Veronika , Sweet Shane N. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe theoretical conceptualisation of hedonic (HWB; pleasure) and eudaimonic (EWB; meaning) well‐being has rarely been examined among cardiac rehabilitation (CR) graduates, including its relationship with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). First, this study examined the potential bidirectional relationship between MVPA and HWB/EWB. Second, this study tested the self‐determination theory (SDT) model of eudaimonia where MVPA was set to predict the model's pathway between eudaimonic motives (seeking meaning), the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and both types of well‐being.MethodsIndividuals who completed a CR program within the last five years (N = 57) answered well‐being and basic psychological needs questionnaires and wore an accelerometer to measure MVPA at baseline and three months later.ResultsMVPA predicted changes in both HWB (β = .13) and EWB (β = .13) three months later. Only the EWB–MVPA relationship (β = .16) approached significance, hinting at a bidirectional relationship. The SDT model of eudaimonia was supported and MVPA had a moderate to small relationship with eudaimonic motives.ConclusionThis study showed a potential bidirectional relationship between MVPA and EWB and tested the SDT model of eudaimonia with MVPA in post‐cardiac rehabilitation. Future interventions could look to simultaneously promote eudaimonia and MVPA among this population.
Civil society organizations and participatory local governance in Pakistan: An exploratory study
Authors: Rosilawati Yeni , Rafique Zain , Nikku Bala Raju , Habib Shahid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the extent to which the civil society organizations (CSOs) have influenced the decision‐making of the local government toward the needs and priorities of citizens. In development discourse, civil society organizations hold a significant importance as they are deemed to provide holistic and new ways to ensure participatory local governance. Therefore, their role against the backdrop of their involvement in mobilizing citizens’ involvement and influencing decision‐making in Pakistan calls for further research. This paper aims to fill this gap. Using qualitative research methods, the current paper appraises the role of CSOs in mobilizing public involvement in the decision‐making process of local government institutions of Punjab, Pakistan. The paper finds that the effectiveness of CSOs is very low due to various institutional and political constraints. Motivations for CSOs seeking citizen involvement have been instrumental in nature rather than motivated by participatory principles.
Uterus transplantation as radical reproduction: Taking the adoption alternative more seriously
Authors: Lotz Mianna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper urges reconsideration of analyses of the alternatives to reproductive uterus transplantation (UTx). I focus here specifically on the adoption alternative. Importantly, my purpose is not to oppose UTx provision. Rather, it is to propose ways in which ethical analysis and provision of UTx can potentially accommodate the concerns discussed here. I argue that the adoption alternative to UTx is too readily dismissed, and that this is a dismissal with significant moral costs. I suggest that the radical nature of UTx as a form of assisted reproduction calls for an equivalently radical socio‐moral agenda for reform and transformation of adoption law, policy and practice, as well as of the norms that prevail within our presently strongly bio‐normative reproductive context. In doing so I widen the ethical frame of responsible provision of assisted reproduction to encompass not just obligations towards donors and recipient, but also our broader social responsibilities to ensure that we are doing our best to meet the significant needs of some of the most vulnerable members of our society.
Like parent, like child? Exploring the association between early maladaptive schemas of adolescents involved with Child Protective Services and their parents
Authors: Zonnevijlle Marian , Hildebrand Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough early maladaptive schemas (EMS) have been successfully identified in a variety of adult samples and increasing evidence suggests that core maladaptive schemas can also be retrieved in children and adolescents, there is a dearth of research examining the association between maladaptive schemas of parents and their children. We designed the current exploratory study as a first step to investigate similarities and differences in EMS of adolescents (n = 20) involved with Child Protective Services and their parents (n = 20). Results demonstrated that there were some similarities in the specific EMS endorsed by both groups and that most of the significant correlations that were found between parents' and youths' EMS involved parent schemas of the Impaired limits and Disconnection/rejection domains and youths' schemas of the Disconnection/rejection and Impaired autonomy and performance domains. We also found significant positive correlations between several children's EMS and perceived parental rearing styles (i.e., rejection, control/overprotection, anxious rearing) and attachment anxiety.
Acquisition and Validation of Spectral Ground Truth Data for Predictive Rendering of Rough Surfaces
Authors: Clausen O. , Marroquim R. , Fuhrmann A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhysically based rendering uses principles of physics to model the interaction of light with matter. Even though it is possible to achieve photorealistic renderings, it often fails to be predictive. There are two major issues: first, there is no analytic material model that considers all appearance critical characteristics; second, light is in many cases described by only 3 RGB‐samples. This leads to the problem that there are different models for different material types and that wavelength dependent phenomena are only approximated. In order to be able to analyze the influence of both problems on the appearance of real world materials, an accurate comparison between rendering and reality is necessary. Therefore, in this work, we acquired a set of precisely and spectrally resolved ground truth data. It consists of the precise description of a new developed reference scene including isotropic BRDFs of 24 color patches, as well as the reference measurements of all patches under 13 different angles inside the reference scene. Our reference data covers rough materials with many different spectral distributions and various illumination situations, from direct light to indirect light dominated situations.
Deep Painterly Harmonization
Authors: Luan Fujun , Paris Sylvain , Shechtman Eli , Bala Kavita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCopying an element from a photo and pasting it into a painting is a challenging task. Applying photo compositing techniques in this context yields subpar results that look like a collage — and existing painterly stylization algorithms, which are global, perform poorly when applied locally. We address these issues with a dedicated algorithm that carefully determines the local statistics to be transferred. We ensure both spatial and inter‐scale statistical consistency and demonstrate that both aspects are key to generating quality results. To cope with the diversity of abstraction levels and types of paintings, we introduce a technique to adjust the parameters of the transfer depending on the painting. We show that our algorithm produces significantly better results than photo compositing or global stylization techniques and that it enables creative painterly edits that would be otherwise difficult to achieve.
Efficient Caustic Rendering with Lightweight Photon Mapping
Authors: Grittmann Pascal , Pérard‐Gayot Arsène , Slusallek Philipp , Křivánek Jaroslav 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRobust and efficient rendering of complex lighting effects, such as caustics, remains a challenging task. While algorithms like vertex connection and merging can render such effects robustly, their significant overhead over a simple path tracer is not always justified and – as we show in this paper ‐ also not necessary. In current rendering solutions, caustics often require the user to enable a specialized algorithm, usually a photon mapper, and hand‐tune its parameters. But even with carefully chosen parameters, photon mapping may still trace many photons that the path tracer could sample well enough, or, even worse, that are not visible at all.Our goal is robust, yet lightweight, caustics rendering. To that end, we propose a technique to identify and focus computation on the photon paths that offer significant variance reduction over samples from a path tracer. We apply this technique in a rendering solution combining path tracing and photon mapping. The photon emission is automatically guided towards regions where the photons are useful, i.e., provide substantial variance reduction for the currently rendered image. Our method achieves better photon densities with fewer light paths (and thus photons) than emission guiding approaches based on visual importance. In addition, we automatically determine an appropriate number of photons for a given scene, and the algorithm gracefully degenerates to pure path tracing for scenes that do not benefit from photon mapping.
Possible link between photosynthesis and leaf modulus of elasticity among vascular plants: a new player in leaf traits relationships?
Authors: Nadal Miquel , Flexas Jaume , Gulías Javier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA compromise between carbon assimilation and structure investment at the leaf level is broadly accepted, yet the relationship between net assimilation per area (An) and leaf mass per area has been elusive. We propose bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) as a suitable parameter to reflect both leaf structure and function, and an inverse relationship between ε and An and mesophyll conductance (gm) is postulated. Using data for An, gm and ε from previous studies and new measurements on a set of 20 species covering all major growth forms, a negative relationship between An or gm and ε was observed. High ε was also related to low leaf capacitance and higher diffusive limitations to photosynthesis. In conclusion, ε emerges as a key trait linked with photosynthetic capacity across vascular plants, and its relationship with gm suggests the existence of a common mechanistic basis, probably involving a key role of cell walls.
One‐step bioconversion of hemicellulose polymers to rhamnolipids with Cellvibrio japonicus: A proof‐of‐concept for a potential host strain in future bioeconomy
Authors: Horlamus Felix , Wittgens Andreas , Noll Philipp , Michler Jan , Müller Inga , Weggenmann Fabiola , Oellig Claudia , Rosenau Frank , Henkel Marius , Hausmann Rudolf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate Cellvibrio japonicus as a potential host strain for one‐step bioconversion of hemicellulose polymers to value‐added products. C. japonicus could be cultivated on all main lignocellulose monosaccharides as well as xylan polymers as a sole carbon source. This is particularly interesting as most industrially relevant bacteria are neither able to depolymerize wood polymers nor metabolize most hemicellulose monosaccharides. As a result, lignocellulose raw materials typically have to be degraded employing additional processes while the complete conversion of all lignocellulose sugars remains a challenge. Exemplary for a value‐added product, a one‐step conversion of xylan polymers to mono‐rhamnolipid biosurfactants with C. japonicus after transformation with the plasmid pSynPro8oT carrying the genes rhlAB was demonstrated. As achieved product yields in this one‐step bioconversion process are comparably low, many challenges remain to be overcome for application on an industrial scale. Nonetheless, this study provides a first step in the search for establishing a future host strain for bioeconomy, which will ideally be used for bioconversion of lignocellulose polymers with as little exhaustive pretreatment as possible.
Piecing together suffrage internationalism: Place, space, and connected histories of Australasian women's activism
Authors: Keating James 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOver the past 20 years, suffrage historians have sought to reimagine their field—traditionally tethered to the nation—as an international one. The Australasian suffragists, who strove to overcome their perceived isolation by exchanging print, personnel, and ideas across borders, seem perfect candidates for such revisionist treatment. However, despite the invigorating push to destabilise the nation, which has rewired much of Australian and New Zealand historiography, the suffragists remain ensconced in national frames. Revisiting the rich Australasian scholarship on women, mobility, and cross‐border organisation, this article discusses the political and intellectual barriers that have impeded attempts to reconstruct suffrage internationalism. Yet documenting the suffragists' cross‐border interactions requires more than replacing monolithic national histories with revised internationalist versions. Instead, responding to debates about the digitally driven rise of connected histories, this article argues that historians should piece together suffrage internationalism as it existed in specific places—recovering often messy assemblages of transnational individuals, groups, and organisations. Such an approach will both illuminate colonial women's place in the networks that bound the fin‐de‐siècle world and provide a fresh perspective on the international women's movement.
Labour market turnover in Latin America: How intensive is it and to what extent does it differ across countries?
Authors: BECCARIA Luis , MAURIZIO Roxana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe study of labour market turnover is particularly significant in Latin America, which is characterized by marked economic cycles and limited social protection coverage. This article estimates the intensity of transitions from employment in six countries in Latin America in the new millennium and decomposes the differences observed, furthermore evaluating the employment destinations of workers making such transitions. The countries under analysis show very different turnover rates, which are mostly explained by a dissimilar incidence of informal and temporary employment. In all cases, a large share of job exits imply transitions to precarious jobs or unemployment.
Influenza forecast optimization when using different surveillance data types and geographic scale
Authors: Morita Haruka , Kramer Sarah , Heaney Alexandra , Gil Harold , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAdvance warning of influenza incidence levels from skillful forecasts could help public health officials and healthcare providers implement more timely preparedness and intervention measures to combat outbreaks. Compared to influenza predictions generated at regional and national levels, those generated at finer scales could offer greater value in determining locally appropriate measures; however, to date, the various influenza surveillance data that are collected by state and county departments of health have not been well utilized in influenza prediction.ObjectivesTo assess whether an influenza forecast model system can be optimized to generate accurate forecasts using novel surveillance data streams.MethodsHere, we generate retrospective influenza forecasts with a dynamic, compartmental model‐inference system using surveillance data for influenza‐like illness (ILI), laboratory‐confirmed cases, and pneumonia and influenza mortality at state and county levels. We evaluate how specification of 3 system inputs—scaling, observational error variance (OEV), and filter divergence (lambda)—affects forecast accuracy.ResultsIn retrospective forecasts, and across data types, there were no clear optimal combinations for the 3 system inputs; however, scaling was most critical to forecast accuracy, whereas OEV and lambda were not.ConclusionsForecasts using new data streams should be tested to determine an appropriate scaling value using historical data and analyzed for forecast accuracy.
Fabrication of ZrB2 ceramics by reactive hot pressing of ZrB and B
Authors: Liu Limeng , Hou Zhaoping , Zhao Yanwei , Geng Guihong , Wang Yujin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramics were prepared by reactive hot pressing of ZrB+B powder mixture. Formation of a transient liquid due to eutectic reaction of ZrB2+Zr→Leu(ZrB2+Zr) at 1661°C following peritectic decomposition of 2ZrB=ZrB2+Zr at 1250°C during heating up of the ZrB+B mixture facilitated densification. The liquid phase was subsequently eliminated via reaction of B with Zr in the eutectic liquid Leu(ZrB2+Zr) to result in a dense ZrB2 ceramic. Full density was reached after reactive hot pressing at 1900°C under 30 MPa for 1 h. The ZrB2 ceramic had a refined microstructure consisting of grains of <1.5 μm in size and relatively good Vickers hardness (21 ± 2 GPa) and flexural strength (595 ± 63 MPa).
Improvement in hydration resistance of CaO granules by addition of Zr(OH)4and Al(OH)3
Authors: Wei Yaowu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Qi , Han Bingqiang , Li Nan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImproving the hydration resistance of CaO aggregates is the key to successful application of lime‐based refractories in metallurgical industry. Additive Zr(OH)4and Al(OH)3were introduced in the preparation of CaO granules using granulation equipment and calcination method in this study. The results showed that the hydration resistance of CaO granules was improved significantly, especially for granules with 0.6 wt.% Zr(OH)4and 0.9 wt.% Al(OH)3, respectively. The shell of CaO granules was relatively dense after calcination and the volume of open pores of CaO granules decreased from 3.56 × 10−2to 1.80 × 10−2cm3/g when additive was introduced. Zr(OH)4and Al(OH)3have the opposite effect on the closed porosity of CaO granules, the closed porosity of CaO granules was decreased with Zr(OH)4addition, but increased with Al(OH)3addition.
What Can Environmental Sequences Tell Us About the Distribution of Low‐Rank Taxa? The Case of Euplotes (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), Including a Description of Euplotes enigma sp. nov.
Authors: Boscaro Vittorio , Syberg‐Olsen Mitchell J. , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , del Campo Javier , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental sequences have become a major source of information. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) surveys have been used to infer biogeographic patterns and distribution of broad taxa of protists. This approach is, however, more questionable for addressing low‐rank (less inclusive) taxa such as species and genera, because of the increased chance of errors in identification due to blurry taxonomic boundaries, low sequence divergence, or sequencing errors. The specious ciliate genus Euplotes partially escapes these limitations. It is a ubiquitous, monophyletic taxon, clearly differentiated from related genera, and with a relatively well‐developed internal systematics. It has also been the focus of several ecological studies. We present an update on Euplotes biogeography, taking into consideration for the first time environmental sequences, both traditional (Sanger) and HTS. We inferred a comprehensive small subunit rRNA gene phylogeny of the genus including a newly described marine species, Euplotes enigma, characterized by a unique question mark‐shaped macronucleus. We then added available environmental sequences to the tree, mapping associated metadata. The resulting scenario conflicts on many accounts with previously held views, suggesting, for example, that a large diversity of anaerobic Euplotes species exist, and that marine representatives of mainly freshwater lineages (and vice‐versa) might be more common than previously thought.