bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Together or Alone: The Price of Privacy in Collaborative Learning
Authors: Pejó Balázs , Tang Qiang , Biczók Gergely 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Machine learning algorithms have reached mainstream status and are widely deployed in many applications. The accuracy of such algorithms depends significantly on the size of the underlying training dataset; in reality a small or medium sized organization often does not have the necessary data to train a reasonably accurate model. For such organizations, a realistic solution is to train their machine learning models based on their joint dataset (which is a union of the individual ones). Unfortunately, privacy concerns prevent them from straightforwardly doing so. While a number of privacy-preserving solutions exist for collaborating organizations to securely aggregate the parameters in the process of training the models, we are not aware of any work that provides a rational framework for the participants to precisely balance the privacy loss and accuracy gain in their collaboration.
In this paper, by focusing on a two-player setting, we model the collaborative training process as a two-player game where each player aims to achieve higher accuracy while preserving the privacy of its own dataset. We introduce the notion of Price of Privacy, a novel approach for measuring the impact of privacy protection on the accuracy in the proposed framework. Furthermore, we develop a game-theoretical model for different player types, and then either find or prove the existence of a Nash Equilibrium with regard to the strength of privacy protection for each player. Using recommendation systems as our main use case, we demonstrate how two players can make practical use of the proposed theoretical framework, including setting up the parameters and approximating the non-trivial Nash Equilibrium.
MorphIT: Morphing Packet Reports for Internet Transparency
Authors: Fragkouli Georgia , Argyraki Katerina , Ford Bryan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Can we improve Internet transparency without worsening user anonymity? For a long time, researchers have been proposing transparency systems, where traffic reports produced at strategic network points help assess network behavior and verify service-level agreements or neutrality compliance. However, such reports necessarily reveal when certain traffic appeared at a certain network point, and this information could, in principle, be used to compromise low-latency anonymity networks like Tor. In this paper, we examine whether more Internet transparency necessarily means less anonymity. We start from the information that a basic transparency solution would publish about a network and study how that would impact the anonymity of the network’s users. Then we study how to change, in real time, the time granularity of traffic reports in order to preserve both user anonymity and report utility. We evaluate with real and synthetic data and show that our algorithm can offer a good anonymity/utility balance, even in adversarial scenarios where aggregates consist of very few flows.
On Privacy Notions in Anonymous Communication
Authors: Kuhn Christiane , Beck Martin , Schiffner Stefan , Jorswieck Eduard , Strufe Thorsten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many anonymous communication networks (ACNs) with different privacy goals have been developed. Still, there are no accepted formal definitions of privacy goals, and ACNs often define their goals ad hoc. However, the formal definition of privacy goals benefits the understanding and comparison of different flavors of privacy and, as a result, the improvement of ACNs. In this paper, we work towards defining and comparing privacy goals by formalizing them as privacy notions and identifying their building blocks. For any pair of notions we prove whether one is strictly stronger, and, if so, which. Hence, we are able to present a complete hierarchy. Using this rigorous comparison between notions, we revise inconsistencies between the existing works and improve the understanding of privacy goals.
DPSelect: A Differential Privacy Based Guard Relay Selection Algorithm for Tor
Authors: Hanley Hans , Sun Yixin , Wagh Sameer , Mittal Prateek 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recent work has shown that Tor is vulnerable to attacks that manipulate inter-domain routing to compromise user privacy. Proposed solutions such as Counter-RAPTOR [29] attempt to ameliorate this issue by favoring Tor entry relays that have high resilience to these attacks. However, because these defenses bias Tor path selection on the identity of the client, they invariably leak probabilistic information about client identities. In this work, we make the following contributions. First, we identify a novel means to quantify privacy leakage in guard selection algorithms using the metric of Max-Divergence. Max-Divergence ensures that probabilistic privacy loss is within strict bounds while also providing composability over time. Second, we utilize Max-Divergence and multiple notions of entropy to understand privacy loss in the worst-case for Counter-RAPTOR. Our worst-case analysis provides a fresh perspective to the field, as prior work such as Counter-RAPTOR only analyzed average case-privacy loss. Third, we propose modifications to Counter-RAPTOR that incorporate worst-case Max-Divergence in its design. Specifically, we utilize the exponential mechanism (a mechanism for differential privacy) to guarantee a worst-case bound on Max-Divergence/privacy loss. For the quality function used in the exponential mechanism, we show that a Monte-Carlo sampling-based method for stochastic optimization can be used to improve multi-dimensional trade-offs between security, privacy, and performance. Finally, we demonstrate that compared to Counter-RAPTOR, our approach achieves an 83% decrease in Max-Divergence after one guard selection and a 245% increase in worst-case Shannon entropy after 5 guard selections. Notably, experimental evaluations using the Shadow emulator shows that our approach provides these privacy benefits with minimal impact on system performance.
SoK: Modular and Efficient Private Decision Tree Evaluation
Authors: Kiss Ágnes , Naderpour Masoud , Liu Jian , Asokan N. , Schneider Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Decision trees and random forests are widely used classifiers in machine learning. Service providers often host classification models in a cloud service and provide an interface for clients to use the model remotely. While the model is sensitive information of the server, the input query and prediction results are sensitive information of the client. This motivates the need for private decision tree evaluation, where the service provider does not learn the client’s input and the client does not learn the model except for its size and the result.
In this work, we identify the three phases of private decision tree evaluation protocols: feature selection, comparison, and path evaluation. We systematize constant-round protocols for each of these phases to identify the best available instantiations using the two main paradigms for secure computation: garbling techniques and homomorphic encryption. There is a natural tradeoff between runtime and communication considering these two paradigms: garbling techniques use fast symmetric-key operations but require a large amount of communication, while homomorphic encryption is computationally heavy but requires little communication. Our contributions are as follows: Firstly, we systematically review and analyse state-of-the-art protocols for the three phases of private decision tree evaluation. Our methodology allows us to identify novel combinations of these protocols that provide better tradeoffs than existing protocols. Thereafter, we empirically evaluate all combinations of these protocols by providing communication and runtime measures, and provide recommendations based on the identified concrete tradeoffs.
Prevalence of Hypoglycemia, Treatment Satisfaction, Adherence and Their Associations with Glycemic Goals in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Sulfonylureas: Findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAP-DM) in Romania
Authors: Popoviciu Simona , Alionescu Anca , Sisic Irma 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and evaluate the impact on several treatment and quality of life parameters of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sulfonylureas (SU) in Romania. Secondary objective was to determine the proportion of patients attaining haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target of <7%.

Material and method: This was a multi-center, observational study using retrospective clinical chart and laboratory parameters review, and a cross-sectional survey in Romania. The sample in this study consisted of 385 patients. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared between patients with inadequate and adequate control.

Results: The mean age of all enrolled subjects was 65.37 (33-87) years. The average BMI was 30.44 kg/m2. Mean diabetes duration was 7.76 (6 months -32) years with the mean age of diabetes at diagnosis of 57.75 (31-85) years. HbA1c was recorded for 238 subjects with mean value of 7.12 (4.8-10.97) %.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hypoglycaemia in SU treated patients was 42.2%. Highest prevalence was in the 50-60 age category, at 49.2% and lowest among the eldest subjects (>70 years), at 38.6%. Prevalence of patients at the goal of HbA1c<7% was 50.8 %. Patients with adequate glycaemic control had more acceptable BMI than those with inadequate glycaemic control. In patients not achieving a goal of HbA1c < 7%, higher level of plasma glucose and total cholesterol was determined compared to those with adequate glycaemic control. There were no significant differences in the HDL-C, triglycerides or albumin:creatinine ratios in patients with both adequate and inadequate glycaemic control.
Whiplash Syndrome
Authors: Sarafoleanu Dorin , Enache Raluca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Whiplash syndrome is a quite common pathology and can be defined as a neck injury produced by a sudden acceleration-deceleration, the consequence of which is a sudden forward and backward movement of the head and neck. The main production mechanism is a sudden acceleration-deceleration process that has as a consequence the sudden extension/flexion of the neck. Starting from the many structures involved, the whiplash syndrome is an interdisciplinary challenge (ENT specialist, neurologist, orthopedist, ophthalmologist, psychologist) and can be described by multiple signs and symptoms.
Whiplash syndrome is a complex pathology both through the mechanism of production and symptoms, and through the forensic implications that it has. The interdisciplinary medical collaboration, the implementation of stricter rules on wearing the seat belt and the development by car manufacturers of chairs and head restraints that protect the head and neck of passengers, would be the preventive step in the occurrence and especially the chronicization of these lesions.
Prevalence of a Iodothyronine Deiodinase 2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in children with congenital hypothyroidism from Western Romania and impact on TSH levels
Authors: Mang Niculina , Tămas Liviu Athos , Mărginean Otilia , Marian Cătălin , Ursoniu Sorin , Anghel Andrei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the Iodothyronine Deiodinase 2 gene Thr92Ala polymorphism in children from West of Romania with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and association with TSH levels in response to levothyroxine monotherapy.
Genotyping in 50 children with CH and 52 healthy controls was done using real time PCR.
The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the frequencies of genotypes in patients vs. controls. Patients were treated with L-thyroxine and most had normal values for fT3 and fT4. However, high TSH values were found in 21 patients (42%) after treatment. Among patients with high TSH values, AA genotypes were significantly more prevalent (p = 0.044) than TT and AT genotypes. Our results suggest that for the D2 gene Ala92Thr polymorphism, the AA genotype may be detrimental for achieving euthyroidism in patients with CH and levothyroxine monotherapy, therefore polytherapy could be considered as a better approach in these patients.
Is there any association between Serum anti-HSP27 antibody level and the presence of metabolic syndrome; population based case-control study
Authors: Sadabadi Fatemeh , Heidari-Bakavoli Alireza , Esmaily Habibollah , Darroudi Susan , Tayefi Maryam , Asadi Zahra , Parizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Tavalaie Shima , malekzadeh Najmeh , Moghaddam Kiana Hosseinpour , Moghadam Azam Rastgar , Sahebkar Amir Hosein , Fereydouni Narges , Barati Elham , Azarpazhooh Mahmoudreza , Hosseini Seyyed Javad , Tayyebi Mohammad , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Mouhebati Mohsen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an intracellular chaperone constitutively expressed in many cell types including cardio myocytes and endothelial cells. Circulating levels of HSP27 and anti-HSP27 antibody are higher in patients with CVD. Anti-HSP27 antibody concentrations were also reported to be increased in atherogenesis. We aimed to evaluate serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers in individuals with, or without, MetS in the MASHAD study cohort with large sample size in 6,568 subjects.

Methods: Participants with MetS were identified from MASHAD cohort (n=3358) using the IDF criteria, and the control group were those individuals who did not meet these criteria (n=3210). In-house enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for measuring Anti-HSP27 antibody levels. The two groups were matched for age, sex and smoking habit.

Results: As expected, there were significant differences in height (p= 0.004), waist and hip circumference, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TGs, TC, HDL-C, Hs-CRP, glucose, with the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (p<0.001) between the two groups. Serum HSP27 antibody titers did not show significant difference between the groups with and without metabolic syndrome (p= 0.740).

Conclusion: In conclusion, our results revealed serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers were not statistically different between individuals with and without MetS. However, it is possible that drug treatment may affect antibody titers and confound our findings in this population sample..
Reference interval and upper decission limit for serum uric acid – an evidence-based approach on Romanian population using an a posteriori method
Authors: Codreanu Catalin , Popoviciu Horatiu , Rezus Elena , Mogosan Corina Delia , Gardikiotis Ioannis , Popescu Claudiu Costinel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction. There is accumulating evidence that high normal serum uric acid (SUA) levels of 6-7 mg/dL are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), hence the need to redefine its upper limit of normal (ULN). We aimed to derive ULN based on statistics and evidence in a representative sample of the population and to observe its relation to MetS components.

Methods. All SUA measurements form a university rheumatology hospital were extracted between January 5th 2010 and March 21st 2018. SUA levels were measured by a single biochemist a unique type of commercially available kit. Follow-up measurements, patients with diagnoses influencing SUA levels and outlying measurements were excluded. ULNs were studied using least square analysis.

Results. Of the 22503 SUA measurements in the database, only 3318 came from normal individuals: 33.3% men (n=1105), 66.7% women (n = 2213). Least square analysis revealed the following SUA reference intervals (RI): 3.43-6.19 mg/dL for the combined sample; 4.44-7.01 mg/dL for men, 3.28-5.56 mg/dL for women. The values corresponding to the 66th percentile of each group presented lower ULNs: 5.36 mg/dL for all, 6.10 mg/dL for men, 4.90 mg/dL for women. The prevalence of hyperuricemia increased from 13.8% (manufacturer’s gender-specific ULN) to 19.9% (derived ULN). Mean SUA levels significantly increased with the number of MetS components.

Conclusion. We recommend that hyperuricemia should be defined using a statistical approach of ULN selection corresponding to the genderand population-specific 66th percentile of data range.
Emergence of rotavirus G9 in 2012, as the dominant genotype in Turkish children with diarrhea, in a university hospital in Ankara
Authors: Koçak Aylin Altay , Aydın Merve , Matsumoto Takashi , Yahiro Takaaki , Dalgıç Buket , Bozdayi Gulendam , Ahmed Kamruddin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Rotavirus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children with diarrhea throughout the world.

Material and Methods: In this study, we aimed to determine the detection rate of rotavirus infection in 181 children less than 5 years of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis and admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Ankara, Turkey, from April to November 2012. We documented the epidemiological data by elucidating the prevalent genotypes. Stool specimens were collected, and rotavirus antigen in the samples was detected using ELISA. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR via type specific primers. The nucleotide sequence of the concerned genes was determined by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining method.

Results: Of the 181 samples, 28 (15.5%) were positive for the rotavirus antigen. Twenty-seven samples were positive for G genotypes and 21 were positive for P genotypes. Genotypes G1 (7.1%), G2 (7.1%), G3 (7.1%), G4 (3.6%), G9 (71.5%) and P4 (3.6%), P8 (71.4%) were identified. Genotype G9P[8] (50%) was predominant in the combination of G and P genotypes. Most of the G9 strains of this study formed an independent cluster in Lineage III, except two strains which clustered with an Ethiopian G9 strain of 2012.

Conclusions: It seems that during 2012 season, genotype G9P[8] increased significantly in Ankara due to a new circulating strain of G9.
Studi Potensi Kawasan Subak Sebagai Ekowisata di Desa Belimbing Kecamatan Pupuan Kabupaten Tabanan
Authors: INDRAYUNI DEWA AYU BULAN , KOHDRATA NANIEK , SUKEWIJAYA I MADE 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Potential Study of Subak Area for Ecotourism in Belimbing Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency

Tabanan regency is the highest rice producing regency in Bali. The suvvess in agricultural production is inseparable from Subak organization existency. This past few years, Tabanan experiencing an increase land conversion. It becomes a threat to the existence of Subak. Developing ecotourism in Subak area is an effort to reduce numbers of land conversion and Subak degradation. Belimbing village has a potential to be developed as ecotourism. The potential identification in Subak area of the village shows there are some Subak values as well as environment potentials that can be developed as area for ecotourism. The beautiful landscape of rice field terrace, Tri Hita Karana (THK) based agricultural and local community social cultured activities are potential for tourist attraction. However, there is a need to educate the local people in order to support the implementation of ecotourism in Subak area of Belimbing village. By developing Subak area as ecotourism, it is expected to improve the welfare of the local people, especially former and Subak organization also preserve the environment as well.

Keywords: ecotourism, identification of potential, subak areas
POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIBACTERIANO CONTRA CORYNEBACTERIUM ULCERANS DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CANELA
Authors: Viana Pamela Ruth Santos , Leite Denes Sousa , Guaraldi Ana Luíza de Mattos , Firmo Wellyson Da Cunha Araújo , Sabbadini Priscila Soares 
Published: May 2019

Corynebacterium ulcerans é um patógeno emergente em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, e está envolvido em diversos quadros clínicos, incluindo a difteria. O estudo da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais (OEs), extraídos de plantas de interesse farmacológico, na busca de um antimicrobiano ideal tem sido bastante difundido. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante e a atividade antibacteriana do OE obtido da canela. A partir das folhas da planta, coletadas no município de São Luís-MA, extraiu-se o óleo por hidrodestilação por arraste a vapor. Para avaliação da ação antioxidante do OE em diferentes concentrações, utilizou-se o método de quelação do íon ferroso. A fim de determinar a atividade antibacteriana, testes de difusão (disco e poço) em ágar e de determinação das concentrações inibitória mínima (CIM) por microdiluição e bactericida mínima (CBM) foram realizados com seis isolados clínicos e uma amostra padrão de C. ulcerans. A capacidade do OE para quelar 50% do íon ferroso (CE50) foi de 464,3±0,1726 µg/mL. Nos testes de difusão em ágar, não foi observada a formação de halos de inibição bacteriana com as concentrações do OE utilizadas. Porém, foi possível determinar a CIM do OE para todas as amostras, sendo a menor de 3,90 µg/ml. Não se encontrou a CBM com as concentrações avaliadas. O OE de canela demonstrou ação antioxidante e antibacteriana contra C. ulcerans, sugerindo seu potencial para uso terapêutico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: corinebactérias; planta medicinal; antimicrobiano
Microcirculation of the lungs in acute pulmonary edema
Authors: Sultanov D. V. , Khugayeva V. K. , Ardasenov A. V. , Kovalenko A. A. , Zaseeva A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The relevance of the work is determined by the high mortality in acute pulmonary edema (APE), the speed of development of the process, the lack of effective methods of treatment and comprehensive studies of acute pulmonary edema used in vivo methods of research.The aim of this work was to study the pathogenesis of APE in the experiment using biomicroscopy.Material and methods. The microcirculation of lungs was studied in the dynamics of APE by direct and indirect methods: biomicroscopy of lungs using the chamber of the rat, laser Doppler ﬂowmetry of the lungs, morphological and histological examination of lungs.Results. The decisive role of lymphatic microvessels in the pathogenesis of APE was shown. All studied indicators complemented each other and were the result of impaired microcirculation in the blood and lymph microvasculature of the lungs. In the surviving animals with APE, there was an initial recovery of lymph ﬂow in the lungs. Restoration of venular tone, reduction of edema in the interstitium of the lungs and morphological manifestations occurred after restoration of lymphocirculation, which is in favor of the decisive role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of APE. It is necessary to create pharmacological agents with lymph­stimulating activity.
Os Fragmentos 19 e 20 dos Systementwürfe 1803/1804, de G.W.F. Hegel: introdução e tradução
Authors: Lima Erick Calheiros de 
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é traduzir e apresentar os fragmentos 19 e 20 dos Esboços de Sistema de Jena, escritos por Hegel entre 1803 e 1804. Primeiramente, farei uma rápida consideração do significado filosófico desses fragmentos, os quais tratam, desde a peculiar concepção hegeliana da consciência como espírito, da razão teórica e da razão prática como equivalentes, respectivamente, à linguagem e ao trabalho. Procuro sublinhar essa relevância filosófica a partir da interpretação habermasiana dos fragmentos, a qual lhes conferiu notoriedade como tentativa de reconstrução do materialismo histórico. A partir desta breve contextualização, apresenta-se, a seguir, uma tradução para o português dos mencionados fragmentos.