bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer significantly prolongs overall survival
Authors: Hoffmann Martin , Ogbonnaya Lucky , Benecke Claudia , Braun Ruediger , Zimmermann Markus , Schloericke Erik , Keck Tobias 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Adjuvant chemotherapy is considered standard of care in patients with stage III colon cancer. Because of different reasons in many patients not all chemotherapy cycles are completed or chemotherapy is completely withheld.

Methods:
We analyzed the data of 215 consecutive patients with UICC stage III colon cancer between 01/1997 and 01/2010. Incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy was defined as completion of less than 2/3 of the planned chemotherapy cycles.

Results:
Of 104 patients with adjuvant therapy, 46 patients had incomplete chemotherapy. We were able to show a statistically significant survival advantage concerning disease-free 5-year-survival between patients with incomplete and without chemotherapy (76% vs. 53%, (p = 0,003). This superior effect was even more pronounced with regard to overall 5-year-survival with 82% vs. 57% (p = 0,001). No statistically significant differences were shown between complete and incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
Although our study was not randomized we were able to show a highly statistically significant survival advantage of incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with UICC stage III colon cancer. If side effects of chemotherapy are tolerable for the patient, temporary limitations of the individual quality of life are outweighed by the survival advantage even if therapy is not completed.

Highlights:
Purchasing managers' willingness to pay for attributes that constitute sustainability
Authors: Goebel Philipp , Reuter Carsten , Pibernik Richard , Sichtmann Christina , Bals Lydia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConsidering the increasing international division of labor, as well as stakeholders' growing awareness of sustainability, assuring that business practices are sustainable is a major challenge. Companies have to account for the fact that any misconduct at a supplier's premises may have spillover effects that reach the manufacturer or retailer. Therefore, purchasing managers have to assure that their suppliers are compliant with sustainability standards. This, however, may induce higher purchasing costs and, as a consequence, force a trade‐off between (short term) economic (i.e., purchasing cost reduction) and social/environmental sustainability criteria. How purchasing managers evaluate this trade‐off is particularly interesting because they often receive performance‐based salaries that incentivize the reduction of purchasing costs. Our paper sheds light on this trade‐off by examining how much purchasing managers are willing to pay to assure compliance along different sustainability dimensions when selecting new suppliers in a mature market setting, namely Germany. Additionally, we identify potential (individual, professional, and organization‐related) factors that may impact the purchasing managers' willingness to pay (WTP), and examine their effects. Among the most surprising findings, purchasing managers on average are willing to pay a price premium for manuals that demonstrate compliance with the United Nationals Global Compact (UNGC). Furthermore, the results show that this WTP is mostly influenced (negatively) by self‐enhancement (on the individual level) and/or obedience to authority (on the organizational level), but the effects of company, affiliation with the UNGC, gender, or years of experience have no influence. Moreover, the WTP is higher for the social than for the environmental dimension, and the marginal effect of accreditation on WTP depends on which combinations of dimensions are accredited.
Advancing CALL research via data-mining techniques: Unearthing hidden groups of learners in a corpus-based L2 vocabulary learning experiment
Authors: Lee Hansol , Warschauer Mark , Lee Jang Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, we used a data-mining approach to identify hidden groups in a corpus-based second-language (L2) vocabulary experiment. After a vocabulary pre-test, a total of 132 participants performed three online reading tasks (in random orders) equipped with the following glossary types: (1) concordance lines and definitions of target lexical items, (2) concordance lines of target lexical items, and (3) no glossary information. Although the results of a previous study based on variable-centred analysis (i.e. multiple regression analysis) revealed that more glossary information could lead to better learning outcomes (Lee, Warschauer & Lee, 2017), using a model-based clustering technique in the present study allowed us to unearth learner types not identified in the previous analysis. Instead of the performance pattern found in the previous study (more glossary led to higher gains), we identified one learner group who exhibited their ability to make successful use of concordance lines (and thus are optimized for data-driven learning, or DDL; Johns, 1991), and another group who showed limited L2 vocabulary learning when exposed to concordance lines only. Further, our results revealed that L2 proficiency intersects with vocabulary gains of different learner types in complex ways. Therefore, using this technique in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research to understand differential effects of accommodations can help us better identify hidden learner types and provide personalized CALL instruction.
Convection‐Permitting Simulation of a Heavy Rainfall Event in Armenia Using the WRF Model
Authors: Gevorgyan Artur 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOn 2 July 2016 afternoon a heavy rainfall (52.8 mm) was observed over southwestern part of Armenia, at Talin station. High‐frequency radar observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output show that initiation of earliest convection occurred over Aragats mountain massif around noon due to low‐level convergence of thermally induced upslope winds. Further convective development was affected by generation of secondary convection as a result of interaction between cold pool outflows from developed convective cells and upslope winds. The high‐resolution WRF run (3 km) using NSSL two‐moment cloud microphysics parametrization and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts operational model forcing data best reproduces the location, timing, magnitude, and microphysical structure of the observed convective rainfall among six WRF microphysical schemes tested in this study. Radar observations show that cold cloud process typical for continental‐type deep convection was observed in Armenia. The NSSL includes the double‐moment microphysics schemes for both warm and cold cloud processes, which might be a reason for improved simulation of observed heavy rainfall event in Armenia. Using the coarser resolution ERA5 analysis forcing data in the WRF model leads to simulation of earlier rainfall peaks at Talin station and spurious convective rainfall areas. The WRF model forced by the Global Data Assimilation System Final analysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, even run at 3‐km resolution, is not able to reproduce the accurate location of convection and rainfall over the study area.
Constraining the Magmatic Plumbing System in a Zoned Continental Flood Basalt Province
Authors: Rooney Tyrone O. , Krans Susan R. , Mège Daniel , Arnaud Nicolas , Korme Tesfaye , Kappelman John , Yirgu Gezahegn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe geographic heterogeneities in lava composition observed in continental flood basalt provinces could provide a probe of material upwelling from the deep mantle and their length scales, but their utility is limited by uncertainties in the locus of magmatism. We examine the magma plumbing system for the Oligocene Ethiopian flood basalts. The province, which exhibits domains defined by the eruption of low‐Ti (LT) and high‐Ti (HT) lavas, requires a magmatic plumbing system that facilitates the transit of compositionally distinct magmas through the crust without mixing. Here we present a geochemical and geochronological study of a suite of 43 dikes from western Ethiopia. We find that the dikes were dominantly emplaced contemporaneously with the Oligocene flood basalt phase of activity. The composition of the dikes is overwhelmingly LT in character, typified by an overall flat rare earth element pattern (median value of La/LuCN = 2.6), and a lack of enrichment in incompatible trace elements in comparison to the HT lavas. These observations confirm the western Ethiopian dike swarm as a source for the LT flood basalts in the Ethiopian flood basalt province. We also present tentative evidence for an eastward migration in the LT dike system over time. These observations are consistent with the terminal stages of the LT magmatism being centered on the Simien shield volcano. We conclude that the apparent separation of ~400 km between the LT and HT magma plumbing systems allowed for the development of a strongly geochemically zoned continental flood basalt province.
Evolution of Electron Distribution Driven by Nonlinear Resonances With Intense Field‐Aligned Chorus Waves
Authors: Vainchtein D. , Zhang X.‐J. , Artemyev A. V. , Mourenas D. , Angelopoulos V. , Thorne R. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractResonant electron interaction with whistler mode chorus waves is recognized as one of the main drivers of radiation belt dynamics. For moderate wave intensity, this interaction is well described by quasi‐linear theory. However, recent statistics of parallel propagating chorus waves have demonstrated that 5–20% of the observed waves are sufficiently intense to interact nonlinearly with electrons. Such interactions include phase trapping and phase bunching (nonlinear scattering) effects not described by quasi‐linear diffusion. For sufficiently long (large) wave packets, these nonlinear effects can result in very rapid electron acceleration and scattering. In this paper we introduce a method to include trapping and nonlinear scattering into the kinetic equation describing the evolution of the electron distribution function. We use statistics of Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations to determine the probability distribution of intense, long wave packets as a function of power and frequency. Then we develop an analytical model of individual particle resonance with an intense chorus wave packet and derive the main properties of this interaction: probability of electron trapping, energy change due to trapping and nonlinear scattering. These properties are combined in a nonlocal operator acting on the electron distribution function. When multiple waves are present, we average the obtained operator over the observed distributions of waves and examine solutions of the resultant kinetic equation. We also examine energy conservation and its implications in systems with nonlinear wave‐particle interaction.
Lower Ionospheric Plasma‐Chemical Evolution and VLF Signal Modulation by a Series of SGR X‐Ray Bursts: Numerical Simulation With an Ion‐Chemistry Model
Authors: Palit Sourav , Raulin Jean‐Pierre , Correia Emilia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe X‐ray and gamma ray radiation from astrophysical transient sources, like X‐ray bursts from soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and gamma ray bursts (GRBs), can affect the plasma properties of the lower ionosphere and middle atmosphere. Multiple very low frequency (VLF) receivers in South America, with an unprecedented high time resolution of 20 ms, detected one such series of bursts from SGR J1550‐5418 on 22 January 2009. Due to lack of other suitable means of observation corresponding to the lower part of Earth's ionosphere (∼60–100 km), the VLF detection and analysis of transient ionizing events (mostly of solar origin) has emerged as an excellent method to investigate various chemical and plasma characteristics at these heights. Extragalactic events, like SGR bursts and GRBs, with sharp modulation in their radiation time profile and very high energy photon abundances provide most unique opportunities of such studies with the possibility of extending even lower heights in the atmosphere. Here, for the first time, an extensive computer model, consisting of the combination of Monte Carlo ionization rate computation, a one dimensional atmospheric chemistry module, and VLF waveguide mode calculation, for the reconstruction of VLF signal modulation produced by SGR X‐ray burst starting from the observed spectrum and lightcurve of the event is presented. We gain some valuable insight on the nature of chemical and dynamic evolution over the entire height range of the atmosphere examined from the exercise.
Estimating the Kinetic Energy Budget of the Polar Wind Outflow
Authors: Li Kun , Wei Y. , Haaland S. , Kronberg E. A. , Rong Z. J. , Maes L. , Maggiolo R. , André M. , Nilsson H. , Grigorenko E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIonospheric outflow from the polar cap through the polar wind plays an important role in the evolution of the atmosphere and magnetospheric dynamics. Both solar illumination and solar wind energy input are known to be energy sources of the polar wind. However, observational studies of the energy transfer from these two energy sources to the polar wind are difficult. Because of their low energy, polar wind ions are invisible to regular ion detectors onboard a positively charged spacecraft. Using a new technique that indirectly measures these low‐energy ions, we are able to estimate the energy budget of the polar wind. Our results show that solar illumination provides about 107 W of the kinetic energy of the polar wind, in addition to the energy transferred from the solar wind with a maximum rate of about 108 W. The energy transfer efficiency of solar illumination to the kinetic energy of the polar wind is about 6 to 7 orders of magnitude lower than that of the solar wind. Moreover, daily and seasonal changes in the orientation of the geomagnetic dipole axis control solar illumination over the polar cap, modulating both energies of the polar wind and energy transfer efficiencies from the two energy sources.
Degradation of 100‐m‐Scale Rocky Ejecta Craters at the InSight Landing Site on Mars and Implications for Surface Processes and Erosion Rates in the Hesperian and Amazonian
Authors: Sweeney J. , Warner N. H. , Ganti V. , Golombek M. P. , Lamb M. P. , Fergason R. , Kirk R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRocky ejecta craters (RECs) at the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) landing site on Elysium Planitia, Mars, provide constraints on crater modification and rates for the Hesperian and Amazonian. The RECs are between 10 m and 1.2 km in diameter and exhibit five classes of preservation. Class 1 represents pristine craters with sharp rims and abundant ejected rocks. From Classes 2 to 5, rims become more subdued, craters are infilled, and the ejecta become discontinuously distributed. High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment digital elevation models indicate a maximum depth to diameter ratio of ~0.15, which is lower than pristine models for craters of similar size. The low ratio is related to the presence of a loosely consolidated regolith and early‐stage eolian infill. Rim heights have an average height to diameter ratio of ~0.03 for the most pristine class. The size‐frequency distribution of RECs, plotted using cumulative and differential methods, indicates that crater classes within the diameter range of 200 m to 1.2 km are separated by ~100 to 200 Myr. Smaller craters degrade faster, with classes separated by <100 Myr. Rim erosion can be entirely modeled by nonlinear diffusional processes using the calculated timescales and a constant diffusivity of 8 × 10−7 m2/year for craters 200 to 500 m in diameter. Diffusion models only partly capture depth‐related degradation, which requires eolian infill. Depth degradation and rim erosion rates are 10−2 to 10−3 m/Myr, respectively. The rates are consistent with relatively slow modification that is typical of the last two epochs of Martian history.
Numerical Estimation of Agricultural Raised Bed Microwave Disinfection
Authors: Casu Sergio , Fanti Alessandro , Lodi Matteo Bruno , Spanu Michele , Desogus Francesco , Mazzarella Giuseppe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of electromagnetic fields to solve issues related to agriculture is an interesting, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly possibility to be explored. One of the most promising applications is the disinfection of soils obtained by microwave‐induced heating. This work deals with the nonlinear computational modeling of such microwave heating of soils in metal raised bed cultivations within a greenhouse. By modeling the dielectric properties of soil, in terms of composition, moisture content, and actual temperature, and accounting for the exact thermal and electromagnetic conditions in raised beds inside the greenhouse, several realistic and nonlinear multiphysics simulations were carried out. The disinfection is directed to fungi, such as Sclerotium rolfsii, and weeds, for example, ryegrass and fleabane. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is quantified and critically discussed exploiting analytical thermal death kinetics of soilborne plant pathogens and compared to the solarization technique.
Transcription coactivator Cited1 acts as an inducer of trophoblast-like state from mouse embryonic stem cells through the activation of BMP signaling
Authors: Xu Yanli , Luo Xinlong , Fang Zhuoqing , Zheng Xiaofeng , Zeng Yanwu , Zhu Chaonan , Gu Junjie , Tang Fan , Hu Yanqin , Hu Guang , Jin Ying , Li Hui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrophoblast lineages, precursors of the placenta, are essential for post-implantation embryo survival. However, the regulatory network of trophoblast development remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that Cited1, a transcription coactivator, is a robust inducer for trophoblast-like state from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Depletion of Cited1 in ESCs compromises the trophoblast lineage specification induced by BMP signaling. In contrast, overexpression of Cited1 in ESCs induces a trophoblast-like state with elevated expression of trophoblast marker genes in vitro and generation of trophoblastic tumors in vivo. Furthermore, global transcriptome profile analysis indicates that ectopic Cited1 activates a trophoblast-like transcriptional program in ESCs. Mechanistically, Cited1 interacts with Bmpr2 and Smad4 to activate the Cited1–Bmpr2–Smad1/5/8 axis in the cytoplasm and Cited1–Smad4–p300 complexes in the nucleus, respectively. Collectively, our results show that Cited1 plays an important role in regulating trophoblast lineage specification through activating the BMP signaling pathway.
Neuropeptide Initiated Mast Cell Activation by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation of Acupoint LI4 in Rats
Authors: Chen Li-Zhen , Kan Yu , Zhang Zhi-Yun , Wang Yi-Li , Zhang Xiao-Ning , Wang Xiao-Yu , He Wei , Jing Xiang-Hong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTranscutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) has been consistently used clinically for its ease of operation, non-invasiveness and painlessness, in contrast to the characteristics of inserted needles. However, the mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the local response of TEAS at Hegu acupoint (LI4). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of tryptase-positive mast cells, neuropeptides of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in LI4. Mast cells were also labelled with serotonin (5-HT), neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) and toluidine blue. The results showed that cutaneous CGRP and SP immune-positive (CGRP-IP or SP-IP) nerve fibres in LI4 were more highly expressed. There were high degrees of mast cell aggregation and degranulation with release of 5-HT near the CGRP-IP or SP-IP nerve fibres and blood vessels after TEAS. The degranulation of mast cells (MCs) was accompanied by expression of NK-1R after TEAS. Either mast cell membrane stabilizer (Disodium cromoglycate) or NK-1R antagonist (RP 67580) diminished the accumulation and degranulation of MCs induced by TEAS. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that TEAS induced sensory nerve fibres to express CGRP and SP, which then bound to the NK-1R on MCs, after which MCs degranulated and released 5-HT, resulting in TEAS-initiated acupuncture-like signals.
Regional Differences in mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Non-Failing Human Atria and Ventricles
Authors: Johnson Eric K. , Matkovich Scot J. , Nerbonne Jeanne M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe four chambers of the human heart play distinct roles in the maintenance of normal cardiac function, and are differentially affected by inherited/acquired cardiovascular disease. To probe the molecular determinants of these functional differences, we examined mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the left (LA) and right (RA) atria, the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, and the interventricular septum (IVS) of non-failing human hearts (N = 8). Analysis of paired atrial and ventricular samples (n = 40) identified 5,747 mRNAs and 2,794 lncRNAs that were differentially (>1.5 fold; FDR < 0.05) expressed. The largest differences were observed in comparisons between the atrial (RA/LA) and ventricular (RV/LV/IVS) samples. In every case (e.g., LA vs LV, LA vs RV, etc.), >2,300 mRNAs and >1,200 lncRNAs, corresponding to 17–28% of the total transcripts, were differentially expressed. Heterogeneities in mRNA/lncRNA expression profiles in the LA and RA, as well as in the LV, RV and IVS, were also revealed, although the numbers of differentially expressed transcripts were substantially smaller. Gender differences in mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles were also evident in non-failing human atria and ventricles. Gene ontology classification of differentially expressed gene sets revealed chamber-specific enrichment of numerous signaling pathways.