bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nanoparticle localization on the rheology, morphology and toughness of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/nanosilica
Authors: Nematollahi Mahsa , Jalali‐Arani Azam , Modarress Hamid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends and their nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles were prepared via the melt mixing process. The rheology, morphology and impact resistance of the prepared samples were examined depending on the silica content (0–7 phr) and its localization. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of silica below its percolation threshold led to its selective localization in the matrix and mostly near the interface. This was in agreement with the results obtained by calculation of the wetting parameter. At a high content of silica, the silica nanoparticles could also be located in the dispersed phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and compositional mapping of oxygen and silicon atoms proved the presence of nanoparticles at the interface. The formation of a silica nanolayer with a thickness of 55–70 nm at the interface was shown by AFM. An optimum amount of nanosilica in the blend, through its interfacial localization and reduction of the natural rubber droplet size (confirmed by SEM test), caused a significant improvement in the impact strength, which was nearly 26 times that of neat poly(lactic acid). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transport models in disordered organic semiconductors and their application to the simulation of thin‐film transistors
Authors: Simonetti Olivier , Giraudet Louis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRelevant organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) simulation software must account for the main specificities of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in terms of free carrier density of states, transport mechanisms and injection/collection properties from/to the device contacts. Among the parameters impacting the OTFT performance carrier mobility is a key parameter. Usual methods to extract the mobility from current–voltage measurements lead to only an apparent, or effective, mobility. The value of the apparent mobility is different from the intrinsic channel OSC mobility. Although the effective mobility actually determines most of a given device performance, therefore providing a very useful technology benchmark, it does not describe the intrinsic OSC material transport properties, and may even be misleading in the route to improving the OTFT fabrication process. To obtain a better understanding of the transport properties in OSCs using OTFT electrical characterization, implementing an appropriate physical mobility model in OTFT current–voltage simulation software is mandatory. The present paper gives a review of the carrier mobility models which can be implemented in OTFT simulation software. The review is restricted to analytical and semi‐analytical physical models taking into account the temperature, the carrier concentration and the electric field dependence of the carrier mobility in disordered OSCs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Asthma is associated with increased probability of needing CPAP in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kilaikode Sasikumar , Weiss Miriam , Megalaa Rosemary , Perez Geovanny , Nino Gustavo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveInitiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is challenging and the distinct features of the subset of children requiring CPAP are poorly defined. Asthma often coexists with OSAS in children. The goal of this study was to explore the influence of asthma in the need for CPAP therapy in children with severe OSAS.HypothesisAsthmatic children with severe OSAS have higher probability of needing CPAP than children with severe OSAS without asthma.MethodsCross‐sectional study of clinical presentation, individual risk factors, and initial overnight polysomnogram (PSG) parameters in children with severe OSAS. Severe OSAS was defined as an obstructive apnea hypopnea index ≥10/h. The association between asthma and CPAP initiation was studied individually and adjusted by pertinent covariates.ResultsFour hundred eligible children (mean age 7 years, ±SD 5.3) with severe OSAS were enrolled and 133 individuals (33%) were identified to have asthma. The proportion of children needing CPAP was significantly higher in asthmatics with severe OSAS (29%) compared to those with OSAS alone (14%) (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the association between asthma and the need of CPAP in pediatric severe OSAS was independent of demographics, OSAS severity, obesity, and history of adenotonsillectomy (P < 0.01).ConclusionAsthmatic children with severe OSAS have higher probability of needing CPAP independent of relevant covariables. This study further substantiates the link between OSAS and asthma in children and suggests the diagnosis of asthma may influence the need of CPAP therapy for severe OSAS.
Study on Burning and Thermal Decomposition Properties of HTPB Propellant Containing Synthesized Micro‐nano Ferric Perfluorooctanoate
Authors: Zhen Fei , Zhou Xu‐Yuan , Wang Li‐Qiong , Yang Rong‐Jie , Huang Feng‐Lei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel micro‐nano ferric perfluorooctanoate [Fe(PFO)3] was prepared and added in AP/Al/HTPB composite solid propellant as a catalyst to study its effects on burning and thermal decomposition properties of the propellant. To further discuss the possible thermal mechanism of the propellant containing Fe(PFO)3, the major effects of Fe(PFO)3 catalyst on Al were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that By adding 3 w.t.% Fe(PFO)3, the burning rate could increase by 27.8 % at 3 MPa, meanwhile, the pressure exponent decreased. The aggregation/agglomeration process of the propellant containing Fe(PFO)3 efficiently suppressed, and the particle size of condensed combustion products decreased clearly. In addition, Fe(PFO)3 could reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of the propellant and enhance the heat release. Thermite reaction between decomposition products of Fe(PFO)3 and Al was triggered at 635 °C, resulting in heat release and formation of α‐Al2O3.
Effect of a chamomile extract in protecting against radiation‐induced intestinal mucositis
Authors: Khayyal Mohamed T. , Kreuter Matthias Heinrich , Kemmler Michael , Altmann Peter , Abdel‐Naby Doaa H. , El‐Ghazaly Mona A. 
Published: January 2019

Compounds that prevent radiation‐induced mucositis may offer new therapeutic strategies for maintaining intestinal integrity in patients undergoing radiotherapy. A specially formulated chamomile extract was studied with the hope of proving efficacy in this regard. Intestinal mucositis was induced in rats by exposing them to whole body gamma‐irradiation. Rats were treated orally with the extract for 5 days before and 2 days after radiation exposure. One day later, rats were sacrificed. Histological examination of segments of small intestine showed shortening and fusion of villi, activation of mucus secreting glands, inflammatory cell infiltration of lamina propria, and mucosal atrophy. Intestinal homogenates showed an increase in tumor necrosis factor, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, and myeloperoxidase, an indicator of cellular infiltration, as well as in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and a reduction in glutathione content. Intestinal injury was further evidenced by an increase in diamine oxidase and a reduction in citrulline levels in the serum. A rise in apoptosis was evidenced by an increase in cytosolic cytochrome c, caspase‐3, and depletion of mitochondrial B‐cell lymphoma‐2/ Bax ratio. Most histological changes and associated derangement in related parameters were largely prevented by the chamomile extract, thus paving the way to a new therapeutic approach towards the management of radiation‐induced intestinal mucositis.
Fast and Scalable Quantum Information Processing with Two‐Electron Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays
Authors: Pagano Guido , Scazza Francesco , Foss‐Feig Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAtomic systems, ranging from trapped ions to ultracold and Rydberg atoms, offer unprecedented control over both internal and external degrees of freedom at the single‐particle level. They are considered among the foremost candidates for realizing quantum simulation and computation platforms that can outperform classical computers at specific tasks. In this work, a realistic experimental toolbox for quantum information processing with neutral alkaline‐earth‐like atoms in optical tweezer arrays is described. In particular, a comprehensive and scalable architecture based on a programmable array of alkaline‐earth‐like atoms is proposed, exploiting their electronic clock states as a precise and robust auxiliary degree of freedom, and thus allowing for efficient all‐optical one‐ and two‐qubit operations between nuclear spin qubits. The proposed platform promises excellent performance thanks to high‐fidelity register initialization, rapid spin‐exchange gates, and error detection in read‐out. As a benchmark and application example, the expected fidelity of an increasing number of subsequent SWAP gates for optimal parameters is computed, which can be used to distribute entanglement between remote atoms within the array.
Machine Learning Applied to Quantum Synchronization‐Assisted Probing
Authors: Garau Estarellas Gabriel , Giorgi Gian Luca , Soriano Miguel C. , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA probing scheme is considered with an accessible and controllable qubit, used to probe an out‐of equilibrium system consisting of a second qubit interacting with an environment. Quantum spontaneous synchronization between the probe and the system emerges in this model and, by tuning the probe frequency, can occur both in‐phase and in anti‐phase. The capability of machine learning in this probing scheme is analyzed based on quantum synchronization. An artificial neural network is used to infer, from a probe observable, main dissipation features, such as the environment Ohmicity index. The efficiency of the algorithm in the presence of some noise in the dataset is also considered. It is shown that the performance in either classification and regression is significantly improved due to the in/anti‐phase synchronization transition. This opens the way to the characterization of environments with arbitrary spectral densities.
A Novel Vapor‐Phase Ssynthetic Route for Fluoromethane toward Highly Efficient Industrial Production
Authors: Yang Gang , Zhang Chengping , Yang Hui‐e , Quan Hengdao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe preparation of CH3F via vapor phase catalytic fluorination of CH3OCH3 promoted by AlF3 (H‐AlF3, M‐AlF3, L‐AlF3) with different surface areas was investigated, with the reaction occurring as follows: CH3OCH3 +2 HF → 2CH3F + H2O. It was found that H‐AlF3 exhibited the highest catalytic activity with high stability among the three types of AlF3 tested in the 100‐h life‐span test, which can be attributed to the massive amount of amorphous AlF3 in H‐AlF3. H‐AlF3 contains the highest amount of acid and largest surface area among the AlF3 species. The synthetic route of CH3F showed higher conversion of raw material and better selectivity for CH3F than traditional routes.
Eschenmoser‐Coupling Reaction Furnishes Diazenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5(4H)‐thione Derivatives
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Nasr K. , Aly Ashraf A. , Tawfeek Hendawy N. , Bräse Stefan , Nieger Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDiazenyl 1,2,4‐triazol‐5(4H)‐thione derivatives were synthesized in good yields via Eschenmoser‐coupling reaction and nucleophilic attack between 1,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazides and 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone (p‐CHL). The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectral data as well as single crystal X‐ray analysis.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Pyrene‐Linked Cyclodextrin and Adamantane‐Linked Naphthalene Diimide System: A Case of Inclusion‐Binding‐Assisted Charge‐Transfer Interaction
Authors: Jeevan Athira Kanakkattussery , Gopidas Karical Raman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMixed stack charge transfer complexation between pyrene donor linked to β‐cyclodextrin and naphthalene diimide acceptor linked to adamantane, where the charge transfer interaction is augmented by inclusion binding of the adamantane moiety in β‐cyclodextrin, is studied. The association constant for the charge transfer complexation was 3.64 × 107 M−1, which is the highest value reported so far for any charge transfer complex. Complex formation was probed using 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry, and circular dichroism studies. The results suggested that within the charge transfer complex the donor and acceptor exist as alternating units at an inter‐planar distance of 3.7 Å with a dihedral angle > 50° between them with each donor‐acceptor pair rotated slightly with respect to the preceding and succeeding pairs. The charge transfer complex undergo hierarchical self‐assembly to give twisted nanofibers as confirmed by Atomic force microscopic and Transmission electron microscopic studies. The excited state relaxation process in the charge transfer complex was investigated by femtosecond time‐resolved pump‐probe spectroscopy.
Synthesis of α‐Carbolines Using Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of 3‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐Aminopyridines
Authors: Hachiya Iwao , Shimada Satoshi , Fukutomi Makoto , Miura Ryoya , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynthesis of α‐carbolines is developed using palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination of 3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐aminopyridines prepared by deprotection of 2‐iminopyridines synthesized using the conjugate addition reaction of ethyl 2‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐cyanoacetate to alkynyl imines. The palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular amination of the synthesized 2‐aminopyridines proceeded smoothly under microwave irradiation conditions to give the desired α‐carbolines in moderate to good yields.
Biomorphic CoNC/CoOx Composite Derived from Natural Chloroplasts as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Qian Cheng , Shi Ruhua , Zhang Wei , Xu Fei , Qian Silu , Zhang Junhao , Yang Hongxun , Yuan Aihua , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNatural chloroplasts containing big amounts of chlorophylls (magnesium porphyrin, Mg‐Chl) are employed both as template and porphyrin source to synthesize biomorphic CoNC/CoOx composite as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Cobalt‐substituted chlorophyll derivative (Co‐Chl) in chloroplasts is first obtained by successively rinsing in hydrochloric acid and cobalt acetate solutions. After calcining in nitrogen to 800 °C, Co‐Chl is transferred to CoNC; while other parts of chloroplasts adsorbed with Co ions are transferred to CoOx retaining the microarchitecture of chloroplasts. The abundant active CoNC sites are protected by circumjacent biocarbon and CoOx to avoid leakage and agglomeration, and at the same time can overcome the poor conductivity weakness of CoOx by directly transporting electrons to the carbonaceous skeleton. This unique synergistic effect, together with efficient bioarchitecture, leads to good electrocatalytical performance for the ORR. The onset and half‐wave potentials are 0.89 and 0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively, with better durability and methanol tolerance than that of commercial Pt/C. Different from the traditional concept of biomorphic materials which simply utilize bioarchitectures, this work provides a new example of coupling bioderivative components with bioarchitectures into one integrated system to achieve good comprehensive performance for electrocatalysts.
Atomic Cobalt on Defective Bimodal Mesoporous Carbon toward Efficient Oxygen Reduction for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Lyu Xiao , Li Gen , Chen Xiaokang , Shi Bowen , Liu Jizi , Zhuang Linzhou , Jia Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) with maximum atom‐utilization efficiency and distinctive properties are emerging as a new frontier in the field of catalysis. Herein, a new strategy for synthesizing stable Co single atoms with content of about 1.52 wt% on defective bimodal mesoporous carbon materials (A‐Co@CMK‐3‐D) is reported. The dispersion and coordination structures of atomic Co species at carbon defect sites are confirmed by both aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC‐HRTEM) and X‐ray absorption spectrometry, respectively. The obtained catalyst exhibits efficient electrochemical performance on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline electrolyte with a half‐wave potential (0.835 V vs RHE), which is comparable to that of Pt/C (0.839 V vs RHE). Furthermore, the Zn–air batteries (ZABs) fabricated by this electrocatalyst display a superior discharging and charging performance with long‐term durability. This work provides a new approach on optimizing SAC‐based carbon materials from multiscale principles (simultaneous regulation of electronic structure and hierarchical morphology) to boost ORR reactivity.
Chronic immobilization stress primes the hippocampal opioid system for oxycodone‐associated learning in female but not male rats
Authors: Reich Batsheva , Zhou Yan , Goldstein Ellen , Srivats Sudarshan S. , Contoreggi Natalina H. , Kogan Joshua F. , McEwen Bruce S. , Kreek Mary Jeanne , Milner Teresa A. , Gray Jason D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn adult female, but not male, Sprague Dawley rats, chronic immobilization stress (CIS) increases mossy fiber (MF) Leu‐Enkephalin levels and redistributes delta‐ and mu‐opioid receptors (DORs and MORs) in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons to promote excitation and learning processes following subsequent opioid exposure. Here, we demonstrate that CIS females, but not males, acquire conditioned place preference (CPP) to oxycodone and that CIS “primes” the hippocampal opioid system in females for oxycodone‐associated learning. In CA3b, oxycodone‐injected (Oxy) CIS females relative to saline‐injected (Sal) CIS females exhibited an increase in the cytoplasmic and total densities of DORs in pyramidal cell dendrites so that they were similar to Sal‐ and Oxy‐CIS males. Consistent with our earlier studies, Sal‐ and Oxy‐CIS females but not CIS males had elevated DOR densities in MF‐CA3 dendritic spines, which we have previously shown are important for opioid‐mediated long‐term potentiation. In the dentate gyrus, Oxy‐CIS females had more DOR‐labeled interneurons than Sal‐CIS females. Moreover, Sal‐ and Oxy‐CIS females compared to both groups of CIS males had elevated levels of DORs and MORs in GABAergic interneuron dendrites, suggesting capacity for greater synthesis or storage of these receptors in circuits important for opioid‐mediated disinhibition. However, more plasmalemmal MORs were on large parvalbumin‐containing dendrites of Oxy‐CIS males compared to Sal‐CIS males, suggesting a limited ability for increased granule cell disinhibition. These results suggest that low levels of DORs in MF‐CA3 synapses and hilar GABAergic interneurons may contribute to the attenuation of oxycodone CPP in males exposed to CIS.
Improving farm efficiency of interacting vertical‐axis wind turbines through wake deflection using pitched struts
Authors: Mendoza Victor , Goude Anders 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work presents a numerical study of the obtained performance and the resulting flow field between two interacting large scale vertical‐axis wind turbines (VAWTs), under the influence of a deflected wake through the struts pitching of the upwind turbine. The configuration consists of two VAWTs aligned in the direction of the incoming flow in which a wide range of fixed struts pitching angles in the upwind turbine have been investigated. The main goal is to evaluate the influence of the wake deflection on the turbines performance while they are operating at their optimal tip speed ratio (TSR), and to reproduce the most relevant phenomena involved in the flow pattern of the interacting wake. Arrangements with cross‐stream offsets have also been tested for quantifying the contribution of this modification into the overall performance. For this purpose, an actuator line model (ALM) has been implemented using the open‐source CFD library OpenFOAM in order to solve the governing equations and to calculate the resulting flow. The Large eddy simulation (LES) approach is considered to reproduce the turbulence flow effects. A preliminary study to identify the optimal TSR of the interacting downwind turbine has been investigated.
Reaction time-based Concealed Information Test in eyewitness identification is moderated by picture similarity but not eyewitness cooperation
Authors: Georgiadou Katerina , Chronos Agatha , Verschuere Bruno , Sauerland Melanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) has high validity in assessing recognition of critical information. Findings on its usefulness for diagnosing face recognition in eyewitnesses are inconsistent. Experiment 1 (N = 82) tested whether closely matching the faces of the probes and irrelevants, as required for a fair lineup, undermines RT-CIT usefulness. Preregistered Experiments 2a and 2b (Ns = 48), tested the role of eyewitness cooperativeness for RT-CIT validity. All participants watched a mock crime video and then completed an RT-CIT. As expected, the usefulness of the RT-CIT was moderated by picture similarity, with better detection for non-matched faces. Unexpectedly, eyewitness cooperation (conceal vs. reveal recognition), did not affect the validity of the RT-CIT. A large CIT effect observed in Experiment 2b further suggested that—even with matched faces—the RT-CIT might be of use when encoding conditions during the crime were favorable. Cases in which witnesses are unwilling or afraid to make an explicit identification might concern another possible application.
Unbalanced multi-drawing urn with random addition matrix
Authors: Rafik Aguech , Olfa Selmi 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we consider a two color multi-drawing urn model. At each discrete time step, we draw uniformly at random a sample of m balls (m≥1) and note their color, they will be returned to the urn together with a random number of balls depending on the sample’s composition. The replacement rule is a 2 × 2 matrix depending on bounded discrete positive random variables. Using a stochastic approximation algorithm and martingales methods, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the urn after many draws.