bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Representation of People With Intellectual Disability in Australian Mental Health Policy: The Need for Inclusive Policy Development
Authors: Dew Angela , Dowse Leanne , Athanassiou Ulrika , Trollor Julian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeople with intellectual disability in Australia experience poor mental health, are underrepresented in mental health policy, and encounter major barriers in accessing mental health services and treatments. This study interrogated the current representation of people with intellectual disability and recommended strategies to enhance the inclusion of intellectual disability in mental health policy. A policy analysis framework was developed that included context, stakeholders, process, and content. Nine pieces of Australian mental health legislation and 37 mental health policy documents were analyzed using the framework. Fifteen of the 37 documents included mention of intellectual disability with limited attention to the specific mental health needs of people with intellectual disability and mental illness. Only two documents identified specific strategies or measurable actions and targets to improve the access of people with intellectual disability and mental illness to mental health services. The documents’ strengths that may be applied to develop inclusive intellectual disability mental health policy included being values‐based, recognizing diversity, taking a life‐course approach, focusing on workforce development, and ensuring checks and balances. An inclusive approach to the development and implementation of intellectual disability mental health policy will best meet the mental health needs of individuals with intellectual disability. An inclusive policy approach will be based on a sound evidence‐base and include a comprehensive understanding of the context in which the policy is developed; consultation with key stakeholders including people with intellectual disability and mental illness, their family and carers, and those who work with them; cross‐sector collaboration and workforce training. An inclusive approach to the development and implementation of intellectual disability mental health policy using an integrated knowledge translation approach will address the current lack of attention to the important area of how to best meet the mental health needs of individuals with intellectual disability.
Projected regional forest plant community dynamics evidence centuries‐long effects of habitat turnover
Authors: Lalechère Etienne , Jabot Franck , Archaux Frédéric , Deffuant Guillaume 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuestionsMany Western European and North American countries have been experiencing strong reforestation in the last two centuries due to agricultural abandonment. Other land‐use changes, such as urbanization, can simultaneously trigger forest erosion. In this context of habitat turnover, forest understorey plant dynamics depend on the balance between immigration credit in post‐agricultural forest and extinction debt in ancient forest. The transient and final community properties following concomitant habitat creation and destruction are poorly known. In this contribution, we study the projected transient regional forest plant dynamics and identify the determinants of the relaxation duration at both landscape and patch scales.LocationSeine‐et‐Marne region, France.MethodsSpecies’ incidences are projected in 9,208 patches of the Seine‐et‐Marne region characterized by strong development of post‐agricultural forests and a moderate erosion of ancient forests during the period 1840–2000. We use a metapopulation model with static biodiversity data and landscape history to project forest plant dynamics. We focus on 33 generalist forest species that are able to colonize both ancient and post‐agricultural forests.ResultsOur analyses reveal that (1) extinction in ancient forests slows the colonization process, which lasts between 250 and 990 years after habitat turnover, depending on species characteristics; (2) the species incidence in post‐agricultural forests converges towards that in ancient forests long before the overall species incidence stabilizes at the landscape scale (i.e. long before the relaxation time); (3) landscape‐ and patch‐scale relaxation times depend on species colonization ability and patch functional connectivity; (4) the colonization process is rather slow for ancient forest species; and (5) the incidence of ancient forest species becomes larger than the incidence of other species at the end of the colonization dynamics thanks to their strong persistence.ConclusionsAncient forest species may potentially benefit from a large immigration credit but need centuries to use it. On such time scales, many perturbations are likely to jeopardize the realization of this potential credit.
Growth, mortality and recruitment of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Yongo Edwine , Agembe Simon , Outa Nicholas , Owili Monica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the growth, mortality and recruitment of Lates niloticus in Lake Victoria basis on length–frequency data collected during the period 2014‐2015. The asymptotic length (L∞) had a value of 124 cm TL, growth curvature (K) of 0.22 year−1, total mortality (Z) of 0.96 year−1, a natural mortality (M) of 0.42 year−1, a fishing mortality (F) of 0.54 year−1, an exploitation rate (E) of 0.57 and a growth performance index () of 3.53. Logistic selection model showed that 50% of fish of 46.09 cm TL encountering the gear are retained. There were two peak recruitment periods, a minor one in March and a major one in July, accounting for 12.04% and 22.04%, respectively, of the total fish catch. The Beverton and Holt's relative yield‐per‐recruit model indicated the indices for sustainable yields are 0.32 for optimum sustainable yield (E0.5), 0.60 for maximum sustainable yield (Emax) and 0.51 for economic yield (E0.1). Compared to previous findings, there is a great decline in the sizes of Nile perch stocks in Lake Victoria. Thus, managing the fishery requires strict adherence to the slot size of 50–85 cm TL, and restrictions on illegal gear and methods, by the devolved governments through monitoring, control and surveillance in liaison with the Beach Management Units (BMUs).
Innovative optimization of ready to use food for treatment of acute malnutrition
Authors: Brixi Garyk 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTreatment of acute malnutrition typically requires the provision of ready‐to‐use food (RUF). Common RUF is effective but expensive, being manufactured from costly ingredients, and shipped worldwide from few global suppliers. I developed a linear programming tool to create RUF optimized for low cost using locally grown crops while maintaining necessary nutritional goals and other constraints. My tool utilizes a database of the nutritional value, price, and water efficiency of suitable ingredients and allows adjustment of constraints, including nutrients, flavour, and crop water efficiency. It is designed to (a) address nutrient requirements conforming to current standards and practice; (b) optimize RUF formulae for low cost using a wide range of ingredients for nutritional value and acceptability improvement; (c) ensure protein quality through protein digestibility corrected amino acid score; and (d) adjust RUF formulae according to locally grown crop selection, local prices, and crop water footprint. The tool creates formulae free of expensive dairy ingredients, ensuring desired protein digestibility corrected amino acid score by automatically balancing proteins with complementary quantities of essential amino acids. Using publicly available data with an application to Nigeria, my tool created RUF formulae suitable for local production using local crops to meet all nutrient requirements at a fraction of the ingredient cost and water footprint of current formulae, demonstrating the tool's effectiveness. Optimization of RUF for low cost using locally grown crops will facilitate local production and reduce ingredient as well as transport costs, so more patients can receive lifesaving treatment.
Impaired motility in Barrett's esophagus: A study using high‐resolution manometry with physiologic challenge
Authors: Sanagapalli S. , Emmanuel A. , Leong R. , Kerr S. , Lovat L. , Haidry R. , Banks M. , Graham D. , Raeburn A. , Zarate‐Lopez N. , Sweis R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal dysmotility may predispose to Barrett's esophagus (BE). We hypothesized that high‐resolution manometry (HRM) performed with additional physiologic challenge would better delineate dysmotility in BE.MethodsIncluded patients had typical reflux symptoms and underwent endoscopy, HRM with single water swallows and adjunctive testing with solids and rapid drink challenge (RDC) before ambulatory pH‐impedance monitoring. BE and endoscopy‐negative reflux disease (ENRD) subjects were compared against functional heartburn patient‐controls (FHC). Primary outcome was incidence of HRM contractile abnormalities with standard and adjunctive swallows. Secondary outcomes included clearance measures and symptom association on pH‐impedance.Key ResultsSeventy‐eight patients (BE 25, ENRD 27, FHC 26) were included. Water swallow contractility was reduced in both BE (median DCI 87 mm Hg/cm/s) and ENRD (442 mm Hg/cm/s) compared to FHC (602 mm Hg/cm/s; P < .001 and .04, respectively). With the challenge of solid swallows and RDC, these parameters improved in ENRD (solids = 1732 mm Hg/cm/s), becoming similar to FHC (1242 mm Hg/cm/s; P = .93), whereas abnormalities persisted in BE (818 mm Hg/cm/s; P < .01 c.f. FHC). In BE and ENRD, reflux events (67 vs 57 events/24 hour) and symptom frequency were similar; yet symptom correlation was significantly better in ENRD compared to BE, which was comparable to FHC (symptom index 30% vs 4% vs 0%, respectively). Furthermore, bolus clearance and exposure times were more pronounced in BE (P < .01).Conclusions & InferencesReduced contractile effectiveness persisted in BE with the more representative esophageal challenge of swallowing solids and free drinking; while in ENRD and FHC peristalsis usually improved, demonstrating peristaltic reserve. Furthermore, symptom association and refluxate clearance were reduced in BE. These factors may underlie BE pathogenesis.
GIGANTEA‐like genes control seasonal growth cessation in Populus
Authors: Ding Jihua , Böhlenius Henrik , Rühl Mark Georg , Chen Peng , Sane Shashank , Zambrano Jose A. , Zheng Bo , Eriksson Maria E. , Nilsson Ove 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Survival of trees growing in temperate zones requires cycling between active growth and dormancy. This involves growth cessation in the autumn triggered by a photoperiod shorter than the critical day length.

Variations in GIGANTEA (GI)‐like genes have been associated with phenology in a range of different tree species, but characterization of the functions of these genes in the process is still lacking.

We describe the identification of the Populus orthologs of GI and their critical role in short‐day‐induced growth cessation. Using ectopic expression and silencing, gene expression analysis, protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that PttGIs are likely to act in a complex with PttFKF1s (FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX 1) and PttCDFs (CYCLING DOF FACTOR) to control the expression of PttFT2, the key gene regulating short‐day‐induced growth cessation in Populus.

In contrast to Arabidopsis, in which the GI‐CONSTANS (CO)‐FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulon is a crucial day‐length sensor for flowering time, our study suggests that, in Populus, PttCO‐independent regulation of PttFT2 by PttGI is more important in the photoperiodic control of growth cessation and bud set.
Triple surveillance: a proposal for an integrated strategy to support and accelerate birth defect prevention
Authors: Botto Lorenzo D. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPreventing neural tube defects (NTDs) easily qualifies as a high‐value opportunity to improve childhood survival and health: the unmet need is significant (major preventable burden), the intervention is transformative (providing sufficient folic acid), and delivery strategies (e.g., fortification) are effective in low‐resource countries. Yet, NTD prevention is lagging. Can public health surveillance help fix this problem? Critics contend that surveillance is largely unnecessary, that limited resources are best spent on interventions, and that surveillance is unrealistic in developing countries. The counterargument is twofold: (1) in the absence of surveillance, interventions will provide fewer benefits and cost more and (2) effective surveillance is likely possible nearly everywhere, with appropriate strategies. As a base strategy, we propose “triple surveillance:” integrating surveillance of cause (folate insufficiency), of disease occurrence (NTD prevalence), and of health outcomes (morbidity, mortality, and disability). For better sustainability and usefulness, it is crucial to refocus and streamline surveillance activities (no recreational data collection), weave surveillance into clinical care (integrate in clinical workflow), and, later, work on including additional risk factors and pediatric outcomes (increase benefits at low marginal cost). By doing so, surveillance becomes not a roadblock but a preferential path to prevention and better care.
Enhancement of post‐orthodontic tooth stability by carbonated hydroxyapatite‐incorporated advanced platelet‐rich fibrin in rabbits
Authors: Alhasyimi A. A. , Pudyani P. P. , Asmara W. , Ana I. D. 
Published: March 2018

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of carbonated hydroxyapatite‐incorporated advanced platelet‐rich fibrin on relapse and bone remodelling in rabbits.Materials and MethodsForty‐five rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 15): a control group, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) and carbonated hydroxyapatite‐incorporated advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (CHA‐aPRF) group. The lower incisors were subjected to an orthodontic force of 50 cN. During the retention period, CHA and CHA‐aPRF hydrogel were gently injected in the mesial gingival sulcus every 7 days. Next, the appliances were debonded to allow relapse. At 5 subsequent time points (0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after debonding), the distance between the mesial tips of rabbits incisors was measured using a digital calliper, osteoblast quantity was evaluated using haematoxylin‐eosin staining and osteoclast activity was examined using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.ResultsThe relapse rate of CHA‐aPRF group was lower than that of the other groups, and the relapse distances were significantly lower on days 14 and 21 (P < .05). Histological analysis revealed that the number of osteoblasts was significantly higher and that the osteoclast activity was significantly lower in the CHA‐aPRF group compared with the other groups (P < .05).ConclusionsIntrasulcular injection of hydrogel CHA incorporated aPRF can locally reduce orthodontic relapse in rabbits.
Montague's treatment of determiner (or quantifier) phrases: A philosophical introduction
Authors: Akiba Ken 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces Richard Montague's theory of determiner (or quantifier) phrases to the philosophically oriented readers who are familiar with Russell's traditional treatment. Determiner phrases include not only quantifier phrases in the narrow sense, such as every man, some woman, and nothing, but also DP conjunctions such as Adam and Betty and Adam or Betty, and even proper names such as Adam and Betty. Montague treats all determiner phrases as belonging to type (e → t) → t, i.e., the type of functions from properties of individuals to truth values. This paper also introduces the simply typed lambda‐calculus for the explication of Montague's theory. Two major problems with Montague's theory, one more philosophical and the other more linguistic, are discussed.
Revising a conceptual model of partnership and sustainability in global health
Authors: Upvall Michele J. , Leffers Jeanne M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesModels to guide global health partnerships are rare in the nursing literature. The Conceptual Model for Partnership and Sustainability in Global Health while significant was based on Western perspectives. The purpose of this study was to revise the model to include the voice of nurses from low‐ and middle‐resource countries.Design and SampleGrounded theory was used to maintain fidelity with the design in the original model. A purposive sample of 15 participants from a variety of countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia and having extensive experience in global health partnerships were interviewed.MeasuresSkype recordings and in‐person interviews were audiotaped using the same questions as the original study. Theoretical coding and a comparison of results with the original study was completed independently by the researchers.ResultsThe process of global health partnerships was expanded from the original model to include engagement processes and processes for ongoing partnership development. New concepts of Transparency, Expanded World View, and Accompaniment were included as well as three broad themes: Geopolitical Influence, Power differential/Inequities, and Collegial Friendships.ConclusionThe revised conceptual model embodies a more comprehensive model of global health partnerships with representation of nurses from low‐ and middle‐resource countries.
Theory to Practice: Policy Recommendations for Fostering Economic Development through Social Capital
Authors: Engbers Trent A. , Rubin Barry M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Proponents of social capital theory have long argued not only that it is in the best interest of civic life to build social capital but also that social capital is vital for the economic health of communities. This has been confirmed by recent research showing that social capital, especially in its bridging form, is positively associated with job creation at the metropolitan statistical area level. At the same time, social capital is often viewed as something either inherent or absent within a community. This article takes on that assumption by presenting a policy‐based approach to developing social capital. It provides two theoretical explanations for how social capital affects economic development and identifies four lessons for economic development practitioners to use to enhance social capital. These research‐based recommendations for economic development practitioners and policy makers seek to improve the social capital and, consequently, the economic development of their community.
Obtaining Wisent early blastocyst in vitro is a basic for protection and creation of biodiversity for this threatened species
Authors: Duszewska AM , Gręda P , Baraniewicz M , Bielecki W , Niżański W , Partyka A , Tracz M , Nowak Z , Chełmońska‐Soyta A , Olech W 
Published: March 2018

ContentsWisent, or European bison (Bison bonasus), is listed as “vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is therefore protected by international law. For the first time, a Wisent embryo has been obtained in vitro. This procedure creates a new opportunity to protect and increase Wisent reproductive potential and thereby opens new possibilities for the establishment of a controlled and broad reserve of the gene pool.
Endocannabinoids as endometrial inflammatory markers in lactating Holstein cows
Authors: Bonsale R , Seyed Sharifi R , Dirandeh E , Hedayat N , Mojtahedin A , Ghorbanalinia M , Abolghasemi A 
Published: March 2018

ContentsThe objective of this study was to consider endocannabinoid system as inflammatory markers in bovine endometrium to better understand the role of this system in regulating many of the functions that are related to inflammatory condition. At day 26 post‐partum, fourteen cows were divided into two groups depending on the inflammatory condition: 1‐ subclinical endometritis (n = 7, with purulent or mucopurulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina) and 2‐ healthy (n = 7, No (muco)) purulent discharge. Blood samples were collected at 26 and 30 days relative to calving to determine plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) concentrations; moreover, uterine biopsy was carried out on day 26 post‐partum to measure mRNA abundance of TNF, interleukin‐1B (IL1B), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), endocannabinoid receptor (CNR2), N‐acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N‐acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) and monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) by real‐time PCR. Results showed mean plasma concentrations of TNF and LBP were lower in healthy cows compared to subclinical endometritis cows (p < .05). Relative mRNA expression for NAAA and FAAH was decreased (p < .05), and relative mRNA expression for CNR2 and NAPEPLD increased in cows with subclinical endometritis compared to healthy cows. In conclusion, relative mRNA expression of TNF, IL1B and CXCL8 and plasma concentration of LBP increased during inflammatory condition along with decreased endocannabinoids hydrolyzing enzyme (NAAA and FAAH), increased enzymes that synthesize endocannabinoids (NAPEPLD) and relative gene expression of the endocannabinoid receptor; together, these contribute to increased endocannabinoids levels during inflammation. Overall, we provide evidence that endocannabinoid system is altered in endometrium tissue during inflammation through increased mRNA expression of CNR2 and synthesis enzyme and decreased mRNA expression of hydrolyzing enzymes interfere with pro‐cytokine production and signalling, which may interfere with the onset and progression of inflammation.
Influence of former lynchets on soil cover structure and soil organic carbon storage in agricultural land, Central Czechia
Authors: Zádorová T. , Penížek V. , Žížala D. , Matějovský J. , Vaněk A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLynchets represent a traditional landscape element in agricultural landscapes having multiple functions in soil material redistribution, water retention, biodiversity and landscape character. They act as a barrier to translocated soil matter, and they can store a significant amount of soil material and soil organic carbon. Lynchets developed in many regions during formation of agriculture landscape as field boundaries or path networks. Further management led to unleveling of the fields and development of lynchets. During the 20th century, a large number of lynchets disappeared in Central and Western Europe due to land consolidation, intensification and industrialization of agriculture. This study was performed at a large agricultural study plot with dissected relief (Central Czechia) with the aim of assessing the influence of former but now completely levelled lynchets on actual soil stratigraphy, depth, soil organic carbon stocks and structure of soil units. The soil profiles in 20‐m‐long transects perpendicular to former lynchets were analysed, and statistical relationships between the positions above, in and below the former lynchets were assessed. The results showed high variability of studied soil characteristics in the areas of former lynchets. Statistically significant greater A horizon thickness (50–100 cm) and SOC stock (12.7 kg/m2) were observed in the location of a former lynchet, where colluvial soils were identified. Other areas of accumulation were identified below a lynchet, at the former break‐in‐slope. The strip above a lynchet was identified as a sediment delivery area, having a partly truncated soil profile. SOC concentration and SOC stock in A horizon did not differ significantly in the positions in, above or below a lynchet.