bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nasal surgery on laryngeal mucosa
Authors: Mandour Yasser Mohammad Hassan , Badie Samer , Shendy Mohammad Fahmy 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to compare stroboscopic features of laryngeal mucosa before and after the nasal surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective randomized case control study in which 60 patients divided into two groups each include 30 patients, group I with bilateral nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum with hypertrophic inferior turbinate, group II bilateral nasal obstruction due nasal polyposis undergoing septoplasty with turbinectomy group I and FESS in group II with video- stroboscopic examination before and 3 months after the surgery for each patient and 30 normal volunteers as a control group. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Swollen true vocal cord, laryngeal erythema and laryngeal edema were significantly decreased after the nasal surgery, As Swollen true vocal cord changed from 8 to one patient in group I and from 16 to 4 patients in group II, laryngeal erythema changed from 28 to 6 patients in group I and from 29 to 7 patients in group II and laryngeal edema changed from 28 to 5 patients in group I and from 29 to 8 patients in group II.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The nasal surgery would have a significant impact on laryngeal edema, erythema and vocal cord edema.</p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p>
Acute xerostomia in head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Dalya S. A. , Al-Rawaq Khudair J. , Noori Ali G. M. , A. N. Fattah Marwa 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Background:</strong> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;" lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods:</strong> <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Xerostomia is a common complaint experienced with radiotherapy to the head and neck and it is caused by salivary glands dysfunction</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Results:</strong> The mean age was 51.69±13.7 years; 67% were men and 33% were women. Nasopharyngeal tumor and larynx cancer were the common tumors diagnosed (29% and 28% respectively), 78% of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma and 53% of them in stage III. Most patients didn’t take chemotherapy during radiotherapy (90%), while 68% of them have previously received chemotherapy. The mean dose of radiotherapy used was 63.2±9.65 Gray. Post radiotherapy, the highest proportion diagnosed with xerostomia grade I (37%), while 21% of them were free of xerostomia. Female, negative past medical history, site, stage and dose of radiation were associated factors that increased prevalence of xerostomia<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conclusions:</strong> After radiotherapy, there is a high chance for developing xerostomia. Females, negative past medical history, advanced stage of tumor, high dose of radiation and site of tumor (oral, nasopharyngeal, and parotid) were significantly associated factors. Tumor site was a significant factor associated with the grade of xerostomia<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Prevalence and clinical profile of patients with chronic fungal maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Gupta Arindam 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fungal paranasal sinus disease is considered to be rare but there has been a marked increase in the number and diversity of reported cases of fungal infections of maxillary sinus in recent years. Objectives were to study the incidence of fungal infection in case of chronic maxillary sinusitis, to identify specific type of fungus involved in maxillary sinus infection and to study clinical profile of the patients with fungal infections of maxillary sinus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of was conducted involving the patients attending outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology, who were clinically and radiologically proved cases of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Patients diagnosed with underlying paranasal sinus malignancies were excluded from the study. 70 patients of chronic maxillary sinusitis were included in the study. Isolates were identified based on colonial and microscopical morphology. Subcultures were done and slide cultures were prepared to identify the fungi. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fungus was cultured from 12.8% of patients suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis. The most frequent victims of the disease were young persons in the second decade of life. All patients found positive for fungus had unilateral maxillary sinusitis. <em>Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans</em> and <em>Mucormycosis</em> were the various fungi isolated from cultures of antral washings.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of the study emphasise the role of fungi as important pathogens of chronic maxillary sinusitis. There must be high index of suspicion of fungal infection when a young adult with a unilateral antral opacity on X-ray with frank pus in antral washings.</p><p> </p>
Clinical aspects and surgical outcomes of pediatric cholesteatoma in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Mirza Navid , Gupta Arindam 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cholesteatoma in children is customarily viewed as a separate and special entity as it presents the otolaryngologist with a verity of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The study was planned with objective of studying the clinical aspects and surgical outcomes of pediatric cholesteatoma.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The patients younger than 15 years and diagnosed as congenital cholesteatoma were included in the present study. All the patients underwent thorough clinical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations. Depending on the stage of disease, surgical procedure was decided. All patients were followed-up for at least 12 months after surgery. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 46 children congenital cholesteatoma (CC) was included in the study. The mean age of diagnosis was 7.08±5.64 years. All the cases have unilateral ear involvement. 14 patients were asymptomatic and CC were found incidental. Patients with CC represented with more commonly with hearing impairment. The CC was most commonly found in the anterosuperior quadrant. All 46 patients with CC underwent operative procedure with transcanal myringotomy was commonest surgical approach. During the 12 month follow-up, 28.86% of patients presented with recurrence of disease.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Despite of improved understanding of this disorder with better surgical techniques and skill, high recurrence rate is still major challenge for successful management of CC. <p> </p>
Transoral laser microsurgery for supraglottic and hypopharyngeal squamous cancers
Authors: Garg Rishav , Aggarwal Kushal , Sandhu Seerat 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Open partial laryngectomies for supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancers have a very high incidence of aspiration in the post-operative period with resultant delay in restoration of swallowing. The present study examines the functional efficacy and oncological safety of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for select subset of T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub>/T<sub>3</sub> squamous cancers of the supraglottis and hypopharynx with freely mobile vocal cords that are easily accessible on suspension microlaryngoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study of squamous cancers of the supraglottis and hypopharynx treated with transoral CO<sub>2</sub> laser resection. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Oncologically, resections performed under the magnification of the operating microscope are safe and yield high local control rates ranging from 79% to 85% for supraglottic cancer and from 63% to 89% for hypopharyngeal cancer.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in selected cases of supraglottis and hypopharyngeal squamous cancers is safe procedure with several advantages over the open partial laryngectomy procedures as also over radiotherapy.</p>
A study on the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in recurrent acute otitis media
Authors: Vijayakumar Lakshmi , Santhi T. 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To study the efficacy of broad spectrum antibiotics in the prophylaxis of recurrent acute otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 86 patients of age group between 2 and 15 years with history of recurrent otitis media were enrolled to study the efficacy of the prophylactic antibiotics used in this condition. The children were treated with amoxicillin or azithromycin during the acute episode. Then they were divided equally into two groups and assigned to receive amoxicillin in one group and azithromycin in the other group at one third the therapeutic dose as prophylaxis for 6 months. The children were evaluated at the end of every month and recurrent episodes if any, was documented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> At the end of 6 months it was observed that prophylactic antibiotics were more effective in the younger age group of 2-7 years. Efficacy rates of 87.5% with azithromycin and 77.4% with amoxicillin were noted.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> As azithromycin is given once a week compared to amoxicillin which is given daily and was found to be equally effective as a prophylactic drug in recurrent acute otitis media with a better compliance, it is a good alternative to amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic. Proper dosage goes a long way in bringing down resistance to the therapeutic agents.</p>
Radiological study of the myriad variations in frontal sinus anatomy: an institutional study
Authors: Vepamininti Sreenivas , Seetharam Soumya M. , George Jomy , Vamanshankar Hemanth , Saidha Poonam K. 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The frontal sinus is a challenging area for endoscopic surgeons. The variations in the frontal sinus differs so much among individuals that there are forensic applications. A detailed radiological study of the sinus is important for understanding the pathophysiology of sinusitis and as a prerequisite for frontal sinus drainage procedures. Aims and objectives were to document the anatomical variations of the frontal sinus (radiological) and to correlate the variations with the signs and symptoms of sinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Coronal and axial CT paranasal sinuses scans of 30 consecutive patients who attended the Otolaryngology clinic OPD in St. John’s medical college and hospital, Bangalore, India with signs/symptoms of chronic sinusitis were evaluated between January to July 2018. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The average frontal sinus diameter in patients with sinusitis was 6.65 mm. The prevalence of frontal cells in our study was 48%. Agger nasi cells were the most common cells seen. Frontal sinus disease was found in 72% of the studied sides in the scans.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Frontal sinus anatomy varies with different ethnicities. It is very important to study the frontal sinus anatomy before exploring the sinus for disease clearance and avoid surgical complications.</p>
Assess the outcome of pre and postoperative bacterial culture in sinonasal polyposis cases under FESS
Authors: Sudheer C. P. , Singh T. Dinesh 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sinonasal polyposis is multifactorial condition characterised by mucous membrane lesions in nose and paranasal sinuses. Pre and post-operative management of cases undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) give ideal surgical outcome. This study designed to assess pre and postoperative bacterial profile in sinonasal polyposis cases undergoing Functional endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 100 cases ready for endonasal endoscopic surgery with chief complaints of sinonasal polyposis were recruited for the study. Pre and post-operative nasal swabs were collected from lateral wall, floor and area over the polyps. Sensitivity test was performed by using commonly available antibiotics i.e. ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Pre-operative bacterial culture showed growth of <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negative<em> </em>(CONS) in 32% cases, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in 24%. Post-operative bacteria culture showed<em> Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negative<em> </em>(CONS) in 22% cases, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in 22% cases. <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negative (CONS) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> had resistance to Ampicillin and Gentamycin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negative (CONS) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus are </em>isolated commonly in pre and post-operative bacteria culture. Ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are primary choice for intravenous antibiotics in current clinical practice and in al surgical procedures including endoscopic sinus procedures.</p>
Nasal endoscopy: an excellent tool for the novice
Authors: Suraneni Visweswara Rao , Kudamala Suneel , Begum Karishma 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal endoscopy has revolutionized the ease of diagnosing nasal pathologies over the recent years. It offers the advantage of detailed examination of the intra-nasal architecture and precise identification of the pathology. It is cost effective and a useful adjunct for performing minor procedures in the office setting. Thus, nasal endoscopy has evolved as a tool with multiple roles of diagnosing the disease, planning of treatment and post treatment examination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 2 years on 100 patients to evaluate the role of nasal endoscopy in diagnosing the disease and planning the management. 60 cases were managed conservatively depending on the initial finding on nasal endoscopy while the other 40 cases underwent surgery. Pre-treatment symptoms and post treatment outcomes were observed objectively on nasal endoscopy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of the patients (60%) were managed conservatively and were labeled as cured after enough evidence was obtained both subjectively from the patient and objectively as seen on endoscopy. The remainder of patients (40%) underwent surgery and follow up endoscopy was done in all of them.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is of immense help to the novice surgeon in understanding and managing various nasal pathologies. Through this study, it can be concluded that most of the nasal symptoms can be managed conservatively and surgery advised for absolute indication, with the help of nasal endoscopy.</p>
Understanding acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis for better treatment outcomes
Authors: Patel Monika , Kaushik Maitri , Dehadaray Arun , Kar Gargi 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Objectives of the study were to identify factors that affect patient survival, determine treatment outcomes in various clinical presentations, increase awareness amongst clinicians and provide more accurate treatment options to patients. Study design was a retrospective study. Study places were Tertiary care centre and a Medical College.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A series of patients diagnosed and treated for acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis over a period of 7 years. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Twelve patients were reviewed out of which eleven were diabetic. Most common fungus encountered was mucor. Six cases presented as sinonasal disease, four as rhino-orbital disease and two as rhino-orbito-cerebral disease. All the patients underwent surgical debridement with systemic antifungal treatment. It was seen that diseases confined to sino nasal areas had good prognosis. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention is major factor for better prognosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Immunocompromised patients in ICU with ocular symptoms should be meticulously screened for invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Early diagnosis and prompt management with surgical debridement and systemic antifungal treatment is utmost important factor in good prognosis. Intensivists and also the physicians should be made cognizant as they play important role in patient management as well. Multidisciplinary approach is the need of hour.</p>
Merits of Kerrisons punch over powered drill in endonasal DCR
Authors: Sheikh Shahnaz , Vaze Vikrant Vilas , Bajaj Anushree , . Bhalachandra 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> DCR is an operation used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Various types of DCR are conventional, endonasal/endoscopic DCR and endolaser DCR. Several modalities like Kerrison punch and powered drill are used in endoscopic DCR to improve success rate, reduce complications and shorten operative time. Aim of the study were, to compare the advantages of non powered Kerrison punch over powered drill regarding time in endoscopic DCR and to compare the advantages of non powered Kerrison punch over powered drill regarding complication rate in endoscopic DCR</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out at ENT department of Dr. Ulhas Patil Medical College and hospital Jalgaon from March 2017 to July 2018. Total of 61 patients were included in the study (35 Kerrison punch and 33 drill). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 68 endoscopic DCRs. Procedure success rate among Kerrison punch group was 88.00% vs 91% in drill group. The complications for both groups were statistically not significant(P=0.91).The mean operating time among Kerrison punch group was significantly lower than in drill group 80 vs. 135 min (P=0.0001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Kerrison punch showed significant reduction in operating time when compared to drill for endoscopic DCR. No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding procedures, success rate and complications.</p>
Role of PET CT in the detection of second synchronous primary tumors and distant metastasis in head and neck cancers at initial presentation
Authors: Gandla Sowjanya , Rao Vishal 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The patients with the head and neck cancer are strongly at risk of developing a second primary tumor which can be related to share etiological factors such as tobacco, alcohol and smoking. The aim of the study is to evaluate the percentage of synchronous second primaries and distant metastasis that are identified on PET CT imaging in head and neck cancer patients at initial presentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study is a retrospective observational study. A total of 503 patients with histological confirmation of head and neck cancer and who had undergone 18F FDG PET CT imaging from 2007 to 2013 were included in the study. The PET CT scan images of all 503 patients were reviewed. The patients with PET CT scan images indicating the presence of abnormal metabolic uptake suggestive of additional primary malignant lesion or distant metastasis were identified. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the total 503 patients with histological confirmation of head and neck cancer, 34 patients were excluded due to non-availability of complete details, among the 469 patients of head and neck cancer, 7 patients (1.49%) were diagnosed with synchronous primary tumors and 33 patients (7.03%) were diagnosed with distant metastasis in PET CT imaging at the time of initial presentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> PET CT imaging is a useful tool to detect distant metastasis and second primary synchronous tumors in advanced head and neck cancers. The incidence of distant metastasis is a much more valid indication for the PET CT imaging in advanced head and neck cancers.</p>
Pattern of paediatric ear, nose and throat disorders in a district hospital
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Gupta Arindam 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> ENT disorders such as otitis media, serous otitis media, sinusitis, and tonsillitis are among the commonest childhood disorders and important reasons for parents and children to visit the physicians/otolaryngologists. The pattern of ENT disorders also varies from community to community or hospital to hospital based on the availability of specialist personnel or facilities for the management. Present study was carried out with the objective of to study the pattern of paediatric ENT disorders in our Government district hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The patients of both gender and age between 0 to 16 years and presenting with ENT problems were screened. The patients having END disorders diagnosed by ENT surgeon were enrolled into the study. All information to accomplish objectives was collected by studying the patients’ treatment record and by personal interview of each of the study participants/parents for 5 to 10 minutes using case record form. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Children from rural community were more affected than children from urban community. The maximum children were suffered from ear disorders (49.32%) followed by throat disorders (34.55%); and nose disorders (16.14%). CSOM found the commonest ENT disorder, OME, AOM, tonsillitis, adenoid hypertrophy, and acute pharyngitis. In 0-5 years-age-group, AOM and OME were the commonest; CSOM and OME in 5-10 years age group while acute pharyngitis and CSOM were the commonest in age-group of 10-16 years.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results of the present study clearly show the wide prevalence of ENT disorders, particularly in the rural communities. There is urgent need to establish better healthcare especially ENT services for the rural population of our country. The general physicians and paediatricians should be trained and taught enough recognize common ENT disorders promptly; therefore they are able to refer early and prevent complication.</p>