bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharing power in criminal justice: The potential of co‐production for offenders experiencing mental health and addictions in New Zealand
Authors: Thom Katey , Burnside Dave 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCo‐production has begun to make inroads into research, policy, and practice in mental health and addictions. Little is known, however, about the role co‐production has or could have in shaping how the criminal justice system responds to mental health and addictions. Given that a large majority of prisoners in Aotearoa New Zealand have been diagnosed with either a mental health or substance use disorder within their lifetime, it is imperative alternative approaches are considered if we are to reduce the high imprisonment rates and contribute positively to health, safety, and well‐being of all New Zealanders. In this study, we explore how co‐production has been conceptualized and used in criminal justice systems internationally, and offer an experiential account of our first steps into co‐production both in service delivery and research. We conclude by proposing a way forward to expand partnerships between those who have experience‐based expertise and researchers within the criminal justice context, offering a small‐ and large‐scale project as potential examples of what co‐production may look like in this space.
Genomic variation of the great apes and the application to conservation
Authors: Marques‐Bonet T. , Hvilsom C. 
Published: April 2018

The great apes all share the same fate of being threatened by extinction within the present century. Therefore innovative conservation genetics efforts are needed in order to gain in‐depth knowledge about the gene dynamics of our closest living relatives, and to help find ways to avoid their extinction. Recently, novel technologies have made it possible to exploit whole genome sequences and we now have access to full genome variation at the population scale, which should result in novel applications for conservation genetics. In this review, some of the main findings from the last 5 years of intense research on great ape genomic variation will be summarized, and current and future endeavours to apply this knowledge to assist global great ape conservation efforts will be discussed.
Hollow MgNi1.4Zn0.6/CaCu2.79Fe4.21O12 nanocomposite synthesis via ultrasonic high‐temperature spray pyrolysis
Authors: Karunakaran Gopalu , Jagathambal Matheswaran , Kumar Govindan Suresh , Venkatesh Manickam , Kolesnikov Evgeny , Kuznetsov Denis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, a distinctive hollow MgNi1.4Zn0.6/CaCu2.79Fe4.21O12 nanocomposite was synthesized for the first time using ultrasonic high‐temperature spray pyrolysis method controlled at 1200°C. Effect of various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mol L−1) of the precursor solution on particle size and crystalline phase of nanocomposites was also analyzed. XRD and SEM results confirmed the difference in the particle size and crystalline pattern of the synthesized nanocomposite arisen due to the difference in concentrations. The results of antibacterial and antioxidant studies showed that the nanocomposites possessed remarkable antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Thus, the prepared hollow MgNi1.4Zn0.6/CaCu2.79Fe4.21O12 metal oxide nanocomposite via ultrasonic high‐temperature spray pyrolysis can be an excellent material in various biomedical applications.
Gingival shade guides: Colorimetric and spectral modeling
Authors: Ghinea Razvan , Herrera Luis Javier , Pérez María M. , Ionescu Ana M. , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo design colorimetric and spectral models of gingival shade guides that adequately represent the color of human gingiva.Materials and MethodsA previously compiled database on the spectral reflectance of healthy keratinized gingiva was used for optimization. Coverage Error (CE) and Maximal Error (ME) were optimized using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas. A two‐phase process included an FCM algorithm and a nonlinear optimization. A t test was used to compare the performance of the different numbers of clusters/tabs in gingival shade guide models (α = .05).ResultsCIELAB CE and ME for shade guide models with 3 to 6 clusters ranged from 3.1 to 3.9 (P = .028 for 3 vs. 4; and P = .033 for 5 vs. 6 cluster/tab comparison), while the corresponding CIEDE2000 range was from 2.1 to 2.8 (P < .001 for 3 vs. 4 tabs; P < .025 for 4 vs. 5; and P = 0.029 for 5 vs. 6 tab comparisons). The percentage of data points exhibiting a CIELAB color difference lower than the acceptability threshold ranged from 48.7% to 71.4%, and from 52.9% to 82.4%. for CIEDE2000.ConclusionsAn increase in the number of clusters in the gingival shade guide models was associated with a decrease in coverage error (better match) to human gingiva. Gingival shade guide models with only 4 tabs provided a CIELAB and CIEDE2000 coverage error lower than the acceptability threshold for gingival color. Spectral clustering of human gingiva was determined to be valid. CIEDE2000 color difference formula outperformed the CIELAB formula in the optimization process.Clinical SignificanceProviding a shade guide model with a small number of tabs and a coverage error lower than the 50:50% acceptability threshold would be an optimal solution for shade matching in dentistry. However, no actual gingival or tooth shade guide complies with this. The clustering method, with optimization of both Coverage Error and Maximal Error and spectral clustering that enables more reliable color formulation of cluster representatives of shade guide models, represents an advance when it comes to computer modeling in dentistry.
Cognitive Decline and Older Driver Crash Risk
Authors: Fraade‐Blanar Laura A. , Ebel Beth E. , Larson Eric B. , Sears Jeanne M. , Thompson Hilaire J. , Chan Kwun Chuen G. , Crane Paul K. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo examine automobile crash risk associated with cognition in older drivers without dementia.DesignRetrospective secondary analysis of longitudinal cohort study.SettingOur study used data from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study merged with Washington State crash reports and licensure records. Data were available from 2002 to 2015.ParticipantsGroup Health enrollees from Washington State aged 65 and older with active driver's licenses (N=2,615).MeasurementsCognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument scored using item response theory (CASI‐IRT). The study outcome was police‐reported motor vehicle crash. We used a negative binomial mixed‐effects model with robust standard errors clustered on the individual and considered associations between crash risk, level of cognition, and amount of decline since the previous study visit. Covariates included age, sex, education, alcohol, depression, medical comorbidities, eyesight, hearing, and physical function. Individuals were censored at dementia diagnosis, death, or failure to renew their license.ResultsOver an average of 7 years of follow‐up, 350 (13%) people had at least one crash. A 1‐unit lower CASI‐IRT score was associated with a higher adjusted incidence rate ratio of crash of 1.26 (95% confidence interval=1.08–1.51). Beyond level of cognition, amount of cognitive decline between study visits was not associated with crash risk.ConclusionThis study suggests that, in older drivers, poorer performance on the CASI‐IRT may be a risk factor for motor vehicle crashes, even in individuals without diagnosed dementia. Further research is needed to understand driving behavior and inform driving decisions for older adults with poor cognitive function.
State corporatism and environmental harm: Tax farming and desertification in northwestern China
Authors: Mao KuoRay , Hanley Eric A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch on environmental governance in China has shown that centre–local relations often influence the implementation and efficacy of environmental regulations. By examining changes in resource allocation and rural development between 1982 and 2005 in the region worst affected by desertification in China—the Minqin oasis in Gansu—we argue that changes in macro‐level fiscal and commodity grain policies contributed to severe regional disparity and a reduction in local state capacity in hinterland China. Intergovernmental competition over fiscal revenue encouraged cash cropping and land reclamation, and the continuous decline of the oasis ecology further reduced legitimacy in rural governance. These institutional and ecological constraints shaped the behaviour of grassroots cadres and formed the conflicting interests of the state in resource distribution and environmental conservation that continued to exist until the implementation of a centralized conservation program in 2006. The data came from 157 interviews and 628 policy documents from local archives in Gansu.
Feasibility and clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy for heavily‐calcified side branches of complex coronary bifurcation lesions in the real‐world practice of the drug‐eluting stent era
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wei , Su Chieh‐Shou , Chang Wei‐Chun , Liu Tsun‐Jui , Liang Kae‐Woei , Lai Chih‐Hung , Liu Hong‐Xu , Lee Wen‐Lieng 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of rotational atherectomy for heavily‐calcified side branches of coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundSide‐branch (SB) preservation is clinically important but technically challenging in heavily‐calcified non‐left main true bifurcation lesions. SB rotational atherectomy (SB RA) is sometimes mandatory but the clinical outcomes are not well studied.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the outcomes of patients who underwent RA at our institute for heavily calcified, balloon‐uncrossable or—undilatable SB lesions over an approximately 5‐year period (January 2011 to September 2016).ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐four patients underwent main vessel only RA (SB−MV + RA group) and another 48 patients underwent SB RA (SB + MV ± RA group) for 49 side branches. The demographic variables were comparable between the two groups. However, patients underwent SB RA experienced more SB perforations and greater acute contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). Among the SB RA patients, 30 (62.5%) underwent RA for both SB and MV (SB + MV + RA subgroup), whereas the other 18 underwent SB only RA (SB + MV−RA subgroup). Patients in these two subgroups could be completed with similar procedural, fluoroscopic durations, and contrast doses. The long‐term MACE rate of SB RA was 27.1% over a mean follow‐up period of 25.1 months with no differences between the two subgroups.ConclusionsRA for SB preservation in complex and heavily‐calcified bifurcation lesions was feasible with high success rate and quite favorable long‐term outcomes in the drug‐eluting stent (DES) era. Given the higher rates in SB perforation and acute CIN, we recommend that SB RA should be conducted by experienced operators.
Offspring Migration and Parents' Emotional and Psychological Well‐being in Mexico
Authors: Yahirun Jenjira J. , Arenas Erika 
Published: April 2018

In Mexico, offspring migration disrupts familial norms of coresidence and geographic proximity. This article examines how an adult child's migration, both domestically and to the United States, affects the emotional and psychological well‐being of parents who remain in the place of origin. Using nationally representative longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (N = 4,718), the authors found limited evidence that parents whose offspring emigrated to the United States experience worse outcomes than parents of offspring who did not migrate. Although they found that offspring U.S. migration was not associated with changes in parents' overall depressive syndrome, a child's U.S. migration increased the likelihood of experiencing loneliness and led to a lower likelihood of recovery from parental sadness over time. Children's domestic migration did not affect parental well‐being. These findings add to a growing body of literature that should be considered when assessing the broader impact of migration on family members who remain behind.
The trends and prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Australian school‐aged children, 1985–2014
Authors: Xu Joshua , Hardy Louise L , Guo Cici Z , Garnett Sarah P 
Published: April 2018

AimChildren with obesity have a greater risk of adverse social and physical health outcomes. We examined temporal changes in body mass index (BMI) z‐scores and the prevalence obesity and morbid obesity in children from 1985 to 2014.MethodsSecondary data analysis of BMI data for children aged 7–15 years from five cross‐sectional Australian datasets. Changes in age‐ and gender‐adjusted BMI (BMI z‐scores) and nutritional status were categorised using the International Obesity Task Force cut‐off points.ResultsThe percentage of children who were obese tripled between 1985 and 1995 from 1.6 to 4.7%, before plateauing between 1995 and 2014. The percentage of morbidly obese children was <1% in 1985 and 1995, increasing to 2% between 1995 and 2007, with no further increase between 2007 and 2014. The proportion of obese children classified as morbidly obese was 12% in 1985–1995, 24% in 2007–2012 and 28% in 2014. Between 1985 and 2012, the mean BMI z‐score increased in children categorised as obese from 1.94 (standard deviation 0.15) to 2.03 (0.22), and then plateaued. For morbidly obese children, the mean BMI z‐score was 2.4 (0.13) and remained similar over the study period.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the relative fatness of children with morbid obesity, as measured by BMI z‐score, has remained stable. The proportion of obese and morbidly obese children has also plateaued between 2007 and 2014. However, the prevalence of obesity remains high, and more dedicated resources are required to treat children with obesity to reduce the short‐ and long‐term health impact.
Procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein as biomarkers for neonatal bacterial infection
Authors: Quadir Ashfaque F , Britton Philip N 
Published: April 2018

AimNeonates are predisposed to bacterial infection which are an important cause of early childhood morbidity and mortality globally. It has been proposed that procalcitonin has significant utility as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infection in febrile neonates when compared to C‐reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study is to conduct a literature search to find the best available evidence to answer the clinical question of the utility of procalcitonin when compared to CRP as a predictor of bacterial infection in febrile neonates.MethodsMedline/PubMed was searched using the terms ‘procalcitonin’, ‘C‐reactive protein’, ‘bacterial infection’ and ‘neonatal sepsis’. Three systematic reviews relevant to the clinical question were identified and the key article selected for critical appraisal was the systematic review by Yu et al. (2010).ResultsThe appraised literature concludes that procalcitonin has moderate accuracy in diagnosing neonatal sepsis, but suggests it should be considered only within the context of other clinical parameters and other relevant investigations. The studies included in the systematic review were of variable quality, showed considerable heterogeneity in their methods and evidence of possible publication bias.ConclusionFurther research is required before definitive recommendations can be made about the utility of procalcitonin compared with CRP as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis and bacterial infection in clinical practice.
Removing Task‐Induced Superficial‐Tissue Hemodynamics and Head Motion‐Induced Artifacts in Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Nakamura Hiroki , Sato Takanori , Nambu Isao , Wada Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy, a neuroimaging tool used to measure brain activity, is associated with two different types of artifacts: (a) task‐induced superficial‐tissue hemodynamic artifacts derived from the scalp; and (b) motion artifacts caused by head motions. Recently, a simple and easy‐to‐use method, based on a general linear model incorporating superficial hemodynamics model estimated from short‐probe distance channels using principal component analysis, was proposed to remove task‐induced superficial‐tissue artifacts. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of this method in removing task‐induced and head motion‐induced superficial‐tissue hemodynamics. Thus, we conducted a motor experiment where participants were asked to perform grasping movements. During some sessions, head motions were generated in order to introduce motion artifacts. Although the removal of motion artifacts was not perfect, we found that analyses including the first and second principal component (estimated from short‐channels) showed a tendency to provide accurate detection of brain activity. This finding demonstrated the possibility of conducting effective analysis of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy using general linear model and short‐channels.
Effect of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Lucena R. , Olmedilla A. B. , Blanco B. , Novales M. , Ginel P. J. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo study the effect of a 14‐day administration of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate in healthy dogs.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six healthy dogs were randomly allocated between probiotic and control groups. Enterococcus faecium SF68 was administered to the probiotic group for 14 days whereas the control group did not receive any product. A blood sample was taken from all dogs when starting the administration (day 1), when the administration ended (day 14) and 14 days later (day 28). Serum cobalamin and folate concentrations and the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index scores were determined at each time point.ResultsThere was a progressive reduction of mean serum cobalamin in the probiotic group during the 28‐day study, with significantly lower concentration at day 28 compared to baseline and day 14 concentrations. Moderate hypocobalaminaemia was observed in eight dogs at day 28. Probiotic administration was associated with a non‐significant increase in mean serum folate concentration at day 14, and a significant decrease at day 28 compared with day 1. The canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index score remained unaltered during the study.Clinical SignificanceShort‐term Enterococcus faecium SF68 administration caused a significant reduction of mean cobalamin concentration and moderate hypocobolaminaemia in eight of 18 dogs. Monitoring serum folate appears unnecessary because the probiotic caused a non‐significant increase that returned to baseline values after administration was discontinued.
Patience and the Trinity
Authors: Jones Paul Dafydd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article commends the motif of patience for thinking about the Trinity. It opens with an analysis of Church Dogmatics I/1, worrying about a spare account of intratrinitarian relations but finding promise in Barth's treatment of the Spirit. It then proposes that Barth's remarks about patience could nourish constructive reflection. The divine life itself involves the exercise of patience: each Person bears the distinctions and relations basic to God's being. To nuance this claim, work by Brian Leftow, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Linn Tonstad is analyzed. A conclusion considers social trinitarianism and the “modestly speculative” character of trinitarian reflection.
Immutability or Faithfulness?
Authors: Chalamet Christophe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMuch in twentieth‐century Protestant theology amounts to a massive attempt, by many different thinkers, to overcome theistic notions of God. How should this endeavor be pursued in relation with the attribute of divine immutability? In the last century, several significant theologians have preferred to speak of divine “faithfulness,” because of the fixity and rigidity which seems to be implied in the notion of immutability. Rather than simply pit “immutability” and “faithfulness” against each other, this article seeks to show that, whereas faithfulness is a much more adequate way of expressing God's constancy, immutability, too, deserves our consideration.
Evidence for a specific and critical role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 20 in uni‐to‐binucleate transition of microgametogenesis in tomato
Authors: Chen Lifei , Yang Dandan , Zhang Youwei , Wu Limin , Zhang Yaoyao , Ye Lei , Pan Changtian , He Yanjun , Huang Li , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Lu Gang 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse aspects of plant growth. However, their potential role in reproductive development remains elusive.

Here, we discovered an unique role of SlMPK20, a plant‐specific group D MAPK, in pollen development in tomato. RNAi‐mediated suppression of SlMPK20 or its knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced or completely abolished pollen viability, respectively, with no effects on maternal fertility. Cell biology and gene expression analyses established that SlMPK20 exerts its role specifically at the uni‐to‐binucleate transition during microgametogenesis. This assertion is based on the findings that the transgenic pollen was largely arrested at the binucleate stage with the appearance of subcellular abnormality at the middle uninucleate microspore stage; and SlMPK20 mRNA and SlMPK20‐GUS signals were localized in the tetrads, uninuclear microspores and binuclear pollen grains but not in microspore mother cells or mature pollen grains.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that knockout of SlMPK20 significantly reduced the expression of a large number of genes controlling sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling in anthers. Finally, protein–protein interaction assays identified SlMYB32 as a putative target protein of SlMPK20.

We conclude that SlMPK20 specifically regulates post‐meiotic pollen development through modulating sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling.
Metagenomic analysis of oral microbiome in young children aged 6–8 years living in a rural isolated Chinese province
Authors: Xu Y , Jia YH , Chen L , Huang WM , Yang DQ 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe mixed dentition is an important transition period from primary teeth to permanent teeth. However, the caries prevalence of first permanent molar in mixed dentitions was about 30%, which almost represent the caries rate of permanent teeth in this period of time. Therefore, we assessed the oral bacterial profiles in young children (age 6–8) with mixed dentition with or without first molar caries for providing the research basis of caries etiology.MethodsWe collected samples of supragingival plaque and saliva from the children living in Guizhou, a rural isolated province in China. Then, we performed DNA extraction and purification followed by 454 pyrosequencing of the V1–V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA and compared our results with those of previous research.Results(i) We analyzed 48,320 unique sequences that represented 18 phyla, 29 classes, 44 orders, 74 families, 129 genera, 15,003 species‐level OUT in plaque and saliva samples; (ii) longitudinally, there was the “healthy core microbiome” between healthy deciduous dentition and early mixed dentition, for example, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Selenomonas etc.; (iii) horizontally, there also existed the “healthy core microbiome” in early mixed dentition, for example, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Prevotella etc.; (iv) the dominant bacteria detected by Lefse in caries group including Actinomycetaceae, Streptobacillus (p < 0.05) and those in caries‐free group including Gammaproteobacteria, Pasteurellaceae, Aggregatibacter, Chloroflexi, (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe oral cavity is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem with the “healthy core microbiome” in children, although microbial composition shifts along with aging. In addition, the abundance and diversity of microbiota vary between caries and caries‐free groups verify the ecological plaque hypothesis.