bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Hot‐Air Drying Processes on Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Lipids: Composition Changes and Oxidation Development
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Zhou Da‐Yong , Zhou Xin , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhao Qi , Xie Hong‐Kai , Li De‐Yang , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Wang Tong , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClam Ruditapes philippinarum was processed by hot‐air drying and the changes of its lipids were evaluated by analyzing lipid classes, phospholipid classes, fatty acids, as well as oxidation parameters including peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and oxidation test (OXITEST). The hot‐air drying process reduced the contents of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, indicating the hydrolysis of lipids. Meanwhile, the hot‐air drying process significantly decreased the proportion of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and consequently increased the PUFA ratio of n‐3/n‐6. Interestingly, the POV, TBARS and TOTOX decreased after the hot‐air drying process. However, significant decline of the induction period for the dried clam tissue at elevated temperatures indicated their higher oxidation level, poor oxidative stability and reduction of shelf‐life. Therefore, OXITEST method turned out to be an effective tool for estimating the level of lipid oxidation for hot‐air dried clam.
Systematic review: predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response in inflammatory bowel disease—personalised medicine in its infancy
Authors: Stevens Toer W. , Matheeuwsen Mijntje , Lönnkvist Maria H. , Parker Claire E. , Wildenberg Manon E. , Gecse Krisztina B. , D’Haens Geert R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by substantial heterogeneity in treatment response. With an expanding number of therapeutic agents, identifying optimal treatment at the patient level remains a major challenge.AimTo systematically review the available literature on predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response in IBD.MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed on 30 January 2018 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Retrospective, prospective, uncontrolled and controlled studies reporting on biomarkers predicting therapeutic response in paediatric and adult IBD populations were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUIPS tool. Due to anticipated heterogeneity and limited data, a qualitative, rather than quantitative, assessment was planned.ResultsOf the 10 638 citations identified, 92 articles met the inclusion criteria. Several potential DNA, mRNA and protein markers were evaluated as predictive biomarkers. Most studies focused on predicting response to anti‐TNF agents. Substantial between‐study heterogeneity was identified with respect to both the biomarkers studied and the definition of response. None of the included studies received a low risk of bias rating for all six domains. Currently, none of the biomarkers is sufficiently predictive for clinical use.ConclusionsThe search for predictive biomarkers is still in its infancy and current evidence is limited. Future research efforts should take into account the high patient heterogeneity within prospective trials with objective response assessment. Predictive models will most likely comprise a combination of several molecular markers from integrated omics‐levels and clinical characteristics.
Phase I/II study on cytarabine and idarubicin combined with escalating doses of clofarabine in newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and high risk for induction failure (AMLSG 17‐10 CIARA trial)
Authors: Krauter Jürgen , Fiedler Walter , Schlenk Richard F. , Paschka Peter , Thol Felicitas , Lübbert Michael , Wattad Mohammed , Verbeek Mareike , Könecke Christian , Neuhaus Barbara , Papkalla Armin , Kebenko Maxim , Janning Melanie , Döhner Konstanze , Gaidzik Verena I. , Becker Heiko , Greil Christine , Reimer Peter , Götze Katharina S. , Döhner Hartmut , Ganser Arnold , Heuser Michael 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis open‐label, multicentre phase I/II study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety and efficacy of clofarabine administered with cytarabine and idarubicin in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients lacking favourable genetic aberrations. The MTD was 30 mg/m2 clofarabine for patients below and above 60 years. The most frequently reported grade 3–4 non‐haematological adverse events were infectious and gastrointestinal toxicities. Complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete recovery rate was 67%. Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in first remission was feasible in a high proportion of younger AML patients and probably contributed to the favourable outcome compared to historical controls.
Vaccines for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review
Authors: Aziminia Nikoo , Hadjipavlou Marios , Philippou Yiannis , Pandian Shivkumar S. , Malde Sachin , Hammadeh Mohamed Y. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo systematically review the evidence regarding the efficacy of vaccines or immunostimulants in reducing the recurrence rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs).Materials and MethodsThe Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), PubMed, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, and conference abstracts were searched up to January 2018 for English‐titled citations. Randomised placebo‐controlled trials evaluating UTI recurrence rates in adult patients with recurrent UTIs treated with a vaccine were selected by two independent reviewers according to the Population, Interventions, Comparators, and Outcomes (PICO) criteria. Differences in recurrence rates in study populations for individual trials were calculated and pooled, and risk ratios (RRs) using random effects models were calculated. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and heterogeneity was assessed using chi‐squared and I2 testing. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence (QOE) and summarise findings.ResultsIn all, 599 records were identified, of which 10 studies were included. A total of 1537 patients were recruited and analysed, on whom data were presented. Three candidate vaccines were studied: Uro‐Vaxom® (OM Pharma, Myerlin, Switzerland), Urovac® (Solco Basel Ltd, Basel, Switzerland), and ExPEC4V (GlycoVaxyn AG, Schlieren, Switzerland). At trial endpoint, the use of vaccines appeared to reduce UTI recurrence compared to placebo (RR 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.81; low QOE). Uro‐Vaxom showed the greatest reduction in UTI recurrence rate; the maximal effect was seen at 3 months compared with 6 months after initial treatment (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57–0.78; and RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.88, respectively; low QOE). Urovac may also reduce risk of UTI recurrence (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.89; low QOE). ExPEC4V does not appear to reduce UTI recurrence compared to placebo at study endpoint (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62–1.10; low QOE). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across the included studies (chi‐squared = 54.58; P < 0.001, I2 = 84%).ConclusionsWhile there is evidence for the efficacy of vaccines in patients with recurrent UTIs, significant heterogeneity amongst these studies renders interpretation and recommendation for routine clinical use difficult at present. Further randomised trials using consistent definitions and endpoints are needed to study the long‐term efficacy and safety of vaccines for infection prevention in patients with recurrent UTIs.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by hydroperoxides of limonene and dose‐response relationship—A repeated open application test (ROAT) study
Authors: Bennike Niels H. , Palangi Lina , Christensson Johanna Bråred , Nilsson Ulrika , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. , Hagvall Lina 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundContact allergy to oxidized limonene, with hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim‐OOHs) as the main allergens, is common. However, high proportions of weak positive and doubtful patch test reactions have been reported.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical relevance, elicitation threshold and dose‐response relationship of Lim‐OOHs in individuals with a positive or doubtful patch test reaction to standard Lim‐OOHs 0.3% pet.MethodsA multicentre 3‐week double‐blind vehicle‐controlled repeated open application test (ROAT) study with a simulated fine fragrance containing Lim‐OOHs at 1260, 420 and 140 ppm, equal to a dose/area per application of Lim‐OOHs of 3.0, 0.99 and 0.33 μg/cm2, was performed.ResultsAmong 11 subjects allergic to Lim‐OOHs, 11 (100%), 7 (64%), and 3 (27%), respectively, reacted to the applied doses. No reactions were seen in 17 healthy controls exposed to the highest dose. This difference in reactivity was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Among 13 subjects with doubtful patch test reactions to Lim‐OOHs, two (15%) had positive ROAT reactions to the highest Lim‐OOH dose applied (P = 0.36 as compared with controls).ConclusionsContact allergy to Lim‐OOHs is of clinical relevance in patients with positive patch test reactions. A doubtful patch test reaction to Lim‐OOHs 0.3% pet. can be of clinical relevance.
Can type 2 diabetes be reversed and how can this best be achieved? James Lind Alliance research priority number one
Authors: Taylor R. , Barnes A. C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe James Lind Alliance, in association with Diabetes UK, conducted a survey of people with Type 2 diabetes to establish their priorities for research. The number one research priority was found to be ‘Can Type 2 diabetes be cured or reversed, what is the best way to achieve this, and is there a point beyond which the condition cannot be reversed?’. The present review summarizes the current understanding of weight loss‐induced reversal of Type 2 diabetes. It considers the diagnostic criteria for remission and describes the clinical features of post‐diabetes. It is of great importance to recognize these, as post‐diabetes differs considerably from the high cardiovascular risk state of prediabetes. Current data demonstrate long‐term stable β‐cell function, providing weight regain is prevented. If an individual, having previously demonstrated susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes, returns to their previous weight then recurrence of the condition is certain. Appropriate use of the terms ‘reversal’ and ‘remission’ is discussed, with emphasis that the word ‘cure’ is inappropriate. Evidence‐based means of achieving and maintaining remission of Type 2 diabetes are described, together with a summary of the information on the steadily diminishing chance of achieving reversal with increasing duration of Type 2 diabetes.
A systematic review of observational studies of the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer
Authors: Ripamonti E. , Azoulay L. , Abrahamowicz M. , Platt R.W. , Suissa S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review of all observational studies on the effect of pioglitazone on the risk of bladder cancer.MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were queried for papers published between 1 January 2000 and 30 October 2017. We took into consideration observational studies (both retrospective and prospective) that included participants with Type 2 diabetes prescribed anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs.ResultsWhile some studies reported an association, others did not, and meta‐analyses of these studies showed a significantly increased risk; however, while meta‐analysis is a powerful and practical statistical tool, its results should be considered with caution when applied to widely heterogeneous studies. We describe how many of these studies are affected by different types of bias, most notably time‐related biases, which should preclude a pooled analysis that would result in biased estimation of the risk.ConclusionsGiven existing data, it is not appropriate to pool the outcomes of highly heterogeneous studies and further rigorously conducted observational research is needed to clarify the role of pioglitazone use on the incidence of bladder cancer.
Modulating neural oscillations by transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A crossover, double‐blind, sham‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Sheffield Alec , Ahn Sangtae , Alagapan Sankaraleengam , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTranscranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) is a novel non‐invasive brain stimulation technique that has been shown to locally increase alpha power in the parietal and occipital cortex. We investigated if tSMS locally increased alpha power in the left or right prefrontal cortex, as the balance of left/right prefrontal alpha power (frontal alpha asymmetry) has been linked to emotional processing and mood disorders. Therefore, altering frontal alpha asymmetry with tSMS may serve as a novel treatment to psychiatric diseases. We performed a crossover, double‐blind, sham‐controlled pilot study to assess the effects of prefrontal tSMS on neural oscillations. Twenty‐four right‐handed healthy participants were recruited and received left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tSMS, right DLPFC tSMS, and sham tSMS in a randomized order. Electroencephalography data were collected before (2 min eyes‐closed, 2 min eyes‐open), during (10 min eyes‐open), and after (2 min eyes‐open) stimulation. In contrast with our hypothesis, neither left nor right tSMS locally increased frontal alpha power. However, alpha power increased in occipital cortex during left DLPFC tSMS. Right DLPFC tSMS increased post‐stimulation fronto‐parietal theta power, indicating possible relevance to memory and cognition. Left and right DLPFC tSMS increased post‐stimulation left hemisphere beta power, indicating possible changes to motor behavior. Left DLPFC tSMS also increased post‐stimulation right frontal beta power, demonstrating complex network effects that may be relevant to aggressive behavior. We concluded that DLPFC tSMS modulated the network oscillations in regions distant from the location of stimulation and that tSMS has region specific effects on neural oscillations.
Ultrasonographic guided block of the tibial nerve
Authors: Denoix J.‐M. , Beaumont A. , Bertoni L. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTibial nerve anaesthesia is often utilised in the diagnostic evaluation of hindlimb lameness, but effective analgesia is sometimes difficult to achieve using a blind injection. The objectives of this paper are to describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the caudomedial aspect of the superficial caudal crural compartment containing the tibial nerve and to describe a technique to perform an ultrasonographic guided block of this nerve. The tibial nerve is imaged by the use of a microconvex probe on a transverse section of the caudomedial part of the crus made approximately 8–10 cm proximal to the point of the hock. The needle is first inserted caudally to the probe, through the superficial caudal crural fascia, directed to the caudal aspect of the nerve where half of the volume of anaesthetic solution is injected (5–8 mL). A second injection is made similarly, cranial to the probe. Ultrasonographic guided injection of the tibial nerve increases accuracy of the nerve block by avoiding erroneous intravascular injections or injections under the deep caudal crural fascia that reduces diffusion of the anaesthetic solution. As deposit of anaesthetic solution can be done closer to the nerve, specificity of the block increases with quicker anaesthesia of the distal part of the limb. In addition, a smaller volume of anaesthetic solution (10–12 mL) can be used, thereby reducing the risk of proximal diffusion.
Evaluating regional resiliency of coastal wetlands to sea level rise through hypsometry‐based modeling
Authors: Doughty Cheryl L. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Ambrose Richard F. , Stein Eric D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSea level rise (SLR) threatens coastal wetlands worldwide, yet the fate of individual wetlands will vary based on local topography, wetland morphology, sediment dynamics, hydrologic processes, and plant‐mediated feedbacks. Local variability in these factors makes it difficult to predict SLR effects across wetlands or to develop a holistic regional perspective on SLR response for a diversity of wetland types. To improve regional predictions of SLR impacts to coastal wetlands, we developed a model that addresses the scale‐dependent factors controlling SLR response and accommodates different levels of data availability. The model quantifies SLR‐driven habitat conversion within wetlands across a region by predicting changes in individual wetland hypsometry. This standardized approach can be applied to all wetlands in a region regardless of data availability, making it ideal for modeling SLR response across a range of scales. Our model was applied to 105 wetlands in southern California that spanned a broad range of typology and data availability. Our findings suggest that if wetlands are confined to their current extents, the region will lose 12% of marsh habitats (vegetated marsh and unvegetated flats) with 0.6 m of SLR (projected for 2050) and 48% with 1.7 m of SLR (projected for 2100). Habitat conversion was more drastic in wetlands with larger proportions of marsh habitats relative to subtidal habitats and occurred more rapidly in small lagoons relative to larger sites. Our assessment can inform management of coastal wetland vulnerability, improve understanding of the SLR drivers relevant to individual wetlands, and highlight significant data gaps that impede SLR response modeling across spatial scales. This approach augments regional SLR assessments by considering spatial variability in SLR response drivers, addressing data gaps, and accommodating wetland diversity, which will provide greater insights into regional SLR response that are relevant to coastal management and restoration efforts.
Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of moss layer cover in extratropical forests
Authors: Berdugo Monica B. , Quant Juliana M. , Wason Jay W. , Dovciak Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe forest moss layer plays an important role in water retention, nutrient cycling and forest regeneration. We quantified broad‐scale latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of moss layer cover in extratropical upland forests where such information has been missing.LocationOne thousand, nine hundred and seventy‐seven sites outside the tropical belt (i.e., beyond 26° N and S) across longitudes (from 154° W to 140° E) and elevations (from 0 to 3,950 m a.s.l.).Time periodCurrent (1969–2016).Major taxa studiedMoss layer bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts).MethodsWe compiled three large datasets from: (a) a global literature search, (b) a national forest inventory database in the USA and (c) an extensive survey along the Appalachian Trail (Eastern USA) to contrast the moss layer cover along latitudinal gradients and among regions. We used correlation analysis and simple (meta‐ and linear‐) regression to test whether moss layer cover increased towards the poles across and within forest biomes, and we used multiple (meta‐ and beta‐) regression to test whether and how climate, forest composition and age and topography influence forest moss layer cover at broad spatial scales.ResultsForest moss cover increased towards the North along a clear latitudinal gradient by c. 2% per 1° of latitude, and it decreased with increasing maximum temperature by c. 1%–5% per 1°C. Thus, cool northern regions (e.g., northern Europe) can be considered forest moss layer hotspots. Moss layer cover was driven mainly by canopy composition when all potential drivers were considered. Compared with broad‐scale systematic surveys, the data from specialized literature overestimated moss cover in broadleaf deciduous forests where moss cover was low and variable.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight that systematic surveys complement specialized literature in accurately modelling abundance on broad scales. Given that temperature, rather than precipitation or seasonality, limited the abundance of forest moss layer on broad scales, the moss layer might be a promising tool for monitoring forest ecosystem responses to climate warming.
Ocean fronts construct spatial zonation in microfossil assemblages
Authors: Liu Dongyan , Wang Yanna , Wang Yueqi , Keesing John K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimIntegration of macroecology and palaeoecology is an important trend in understanding rapidly changing marine ecosystems. However, the spatial mismatch between these two data types has led to difficulties in interpretation, particularly for short‐lived phytoplankton and their microfossils. Fronts are narrow transition zones between distinct water masses and play an essential role in partitioning phytoplankton assemblages in the ocean. Whether they also delimit microfossil assemblages deposited at the sea floor is unclear. We examined the correlation between quasi‐stationary mesoscale fronts and the spatial distribution of microfossils (diatoms, dinoflagellates and silicoflagellates) in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas, to establish a causal link between microfossil assemblages and the factors controlling pelagic species assemblages on continental shelves.LocationChina.Time period2003–2015.Major taxa studiedPhytoplankton.MethodsFront locations were determined using gradient analysis of monthly satellite sea surface temperature (SST) for 2003–2015. Microfossil assemblages were classified using two‐way indicator species analysis of the relative abundance of 345 species collected from surface sediments at 126 sites. The relationships between frontal patterns and microfossil assemblages were evaluated by superimposing maps of front location, microfossil distribution and environmental features in the main water masses and by canonical correspondence analysis.ResultsTen major fronts and four primary microfossil assemblages were identified. Analyses of the spatial patterns of fronts, microfossil assemblages, SST, salinity and nutrients revealed that the fronts partitioned the microfossils into assemblage types corresponding to the physicochemical features of the water masses.Main conclusionsMicrofossil species assemblages and their indicator species are separated by mesoscale fronts and are correlated with water properties. Producing base maps of microfossil assemblages in relationship to SST fronts enables examination of the importance of quasi‐stationary mesoscale fronts in constructing microfossil patterns on continental shelves. The results displayed potential for the interpretation sediment core data and their integration with the macroecological context.