bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term course of inflammatory bowel disease after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Miyazawa Teruko , Shiga Hisashi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Takahashi Seiichi , Tominaga Gen , Takahashi Hiroki , Takagi Sho , Obana Nobuya , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Omori Shinya , Sato Yuichirou , Takahashi Shuichiro , Umemura Ken , Endo Katsuya , Kakuta Yoichi , Matsuura Masaki , Kimura Tomoya , Kuroha Masatake , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThis study analyzed inflammatory bowel disease activity for 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWe compared the relapse rates of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease 1 and 2 years after the earthquake with rates immediately after the earthquake. To evaluate continuous disease courses, we also performed multivariate time‐to‐event analyses from the time of the earthquake to the onset of additional treatments.ResultsOf 903 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease in our previous study, we could evaluate 2‐year courses in 677 patients (394 ulcerative colitis and 283 Crohn's disease). Compared with the relapse rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease immediately after the earthquake (15.8% and 7.0%, respectively), those in the corresponding periods in 2012 (2.5% and 1.1%, respectively) and 2013 (2.3% and 2.5%, respectively) significantly decreased. There were 226 patients who required additional treatments after the earthquake. Multivariate time‐to‐event analyses revealed that only patients who had experienced the death of family members or friends were likely to need additional treatments (hazard ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–2.47). No other factors had a significant influence.ConclusionsThe relapse rates 1 and 2 years after the earthquake significantly decreased. The factors that influenced long‐term relapse were different from those that influenced short‐term relapse.
Incomplete functional and morphological recovery after acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children
Authors: Puttaiah Kadyada Srikanth , Thapa Babu Ram , Kaushal Karanvir , Walia Rama , Rana S V , Dhaka Narendra , Lal Sadhna B , Prasad Rajendra , Das Subhamoy , Thakur Rajini , Kamal Kishore 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThere is lack of data on functional and morphological recovery after an attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) or acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in children. This study aims to evaluate the functional impairment and morphological changes in the pancreas after recovery.MethodsAll consecutive patients presenting with AP (n = 61) or ARP (n = 35), as per standard diagnostic criteria, were enrolled. After 2 months of pancreatitis, fecal elastase‐1 (FE‐1) (μg/g) and 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test to calculate oral disposition index (DIo) (mmol/L) (β‐cell function) were performed. Morphological changes were assessed by endoscopic ultrasound and transabdominal ultrasound. Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) (n = 27) and healthy children (HC) (n = 26) were included as controls for functional parameters.ResultsAt a median follow up of 12 (4–44) and 11 (2–108) months, 66.7% and 75.9% (P = 0.57) of AP and ARP demonstrated exocrine insufficiency (FE‐1 < 200), respectively. Mean (SD) FE‐1 was 183.64 ± 150.94 (AP), 135.70 ± 103.80 (ARP), 46.56 ± 30.20 (CP), and 240.00 ± 181.83 (HC) (P < 0.001; anova) (AP vs CP, ARP vs CP, and CP vs HC; P < 0.001). Prediabetes due to insulin resistance was seen in 16.6% and 22.6% (P = 0.56) of AP and ARP. Median (interquartile range) DIo (mmol/L) was comparable between AP (4.20 [2.36, 8.3]) and HC (5.20 [2.89, 8.68]), but was low in ARP (2.97 [1.80, 5.12]), which was comparable with CP (1.91 [1.20, 2.83]). Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated morphological changes in 25% and 37% (P = 0.34) of AP and ARP, respectively.ConclusionThere was high frequency of biochemical evidence of exocrine insufficiency. β‐Cell function (DIo) was preserved among AP but was poor in ARP. Nearly one‐third showed morphological changes in imaging.
“I Have Been Formed in This Revolution”: Revolution as Infrastructure, and The People It Creates in Cuba
Authors: Holbraad Martin 
Published: May 2018

Resumen¿Cómo forman personas las revoluciones? Basado en un total de nueve meses de trabajo etnográfico realizado en la habana, este trabajo toma como punto de partida la narración de una mujer de mediana edad sobre su involucramiento con estructuras e instituciones estatales durante el curso de la construcción de la casa en la que vive. Al describir etnográficamente las formas en que estos involucramientos personales con el estado se entrelazan con otras áreas de su vida, sugiero que su sensación de haber sido “formada dentro de la revolución” es, en parte significativa, debida a la forma en que el proceso revolucionario penetra o “fluye” profundamente en las facetas más íntimas de su vida. Contrastando esta forma de subjetivación con el programa más explícito de transformación moral de Che Guevara, sugiero que la inmanencia del tal proceso de ‘penetración infraestuctural’ nos permite articular una conceptualización alternativa de la formación de la subjetividad revolucionaria.
Sticky Price Models, Durable Goods, and Real Wage Rigidities
Authors: ÇENESIZ M. ALPER , GUIMARÃES LUÍS 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe standard two‐sector New Keynesian model with durable goods is at odds with conventional wisdom and vector autoregression (VAR) evidence: Following a monetary shock, the model generates (i) either negative or no comovement across sectoral outputs and (ii) aggregate neutrality of money when durable goods' prices are flexible. We reconcile theory with evidence by incorporating real wage rigidities into the standard model: As long as durable goods' prices are more flexible than nondurable goods' prices, we obtain positive sectoral comovement and, thus, aggregate nonneutrality of money.
The efficacy and tolerability of 5‐aminolevulinic acid 5% thermosetting gel photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris. A two‐center, prospective assessor‐blinded, proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Serini Stefano Maria , Cannizzaro Maria Vittoria , Dattola Annunziata , Garofalo Virginia , Del Duca Esther , Ventura Alessandra , Milani Massimo , Campione Elena , Bianchi Luca 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, commonly treated with topical or systemic drugs, according to the severity of the condition. Retinoids and antibiotic compounds are considered cornerstone approaches in this condition. However, low adherence to the therapy and the issue of bacterial resistance undermine the efficacy in the long term. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 20% aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory acne. Skin tolerability, however, could be a limiting factor for a widespread use of this approach. A new formulation of 5% ALA in thermosetting gel has been recently available. This formulation allows a more convenient application procedure without occlusion and better and more efficient release of the active compound in comparison with traditional ALA formulations like creams or ointments.Study aimTo evaluate in a two‐center, assessor‐blinded, prospective, proof‐of‐concept study, the efficacy, and tolerability of red‐light (630 nm) PDT with a new 5‐ALA “low‐dose” topical gel formulation (5%) in the treatment of inflammatory mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris (AV).Subjects and methodsA total of 35 subjects with moderate AV of the face (mean age: 24 ± 8 years, 13 men and 22 women) were enrolled, after their written informed consent. The primary outcome was the evolution of GAG (Global Acne Grade System) score at baseline and after an average of three, 630‐nm, 15‐minute, PDT sessions, performed every 2 weeks. GAG score was also calculated in a follow‐up visit 6 months after the last PDT session. Skin tolerability was assessed during PDT sessions with a patient‐reported discomfort level evaluation score from 0 (no discomfort at all) to 3 (severe discomfort).ResultsAt baseline, the GAG score was 21 ± 6. After the last PDT session, the GAG score evaluated in a blinded fashion (digital photographs) was significantly reduced to 6.5 ± 5.7, representing a 70% reduction (P = .0001, Wilcoxon test; mean difference 14.9; 95% CI of the difference: 12.1‐17.6). At the follow‐up visit, the GAG score was 6.7 ± 6.8. The 5% ALA thermosetting gel Red‐light PDT was in general very well tolerated with a discomfort mean level score of 0.5 ± 1.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐concept study supports the efficacy of 5% ALA thermosetting gel red‐light PDT in inflammatory acne of the face with a relevant clinical improvement of inflammatory lesions with a very good tolerability profile. Clinical improvement was maintained in the medium term (Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN66066651).
Distinguishing immunohistochemical features of alopecia areata from androgenic alopecia
Authors: Kamyab Kambiz , Rezvani Mohammad , Seirafi Hasan , Mortazavi Samira , Teymourpour Amir , Abtahi Shahab , Nasimi Maryam 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundDistinction between alopecia areata (AA) and androgenic alopecia (AGA) can be made according to clinical presentation and biopsy findings. However, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate them, especially when the diffuse pattern of both AA and AGA is in the differential diagnosis of hair loss in androgen‐dependent areas.ObjectivesTo evaluate the characteristics of inflammatory cell infiltration using CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 antigens, in AA and AGA to find some consistent histological clues for distinguishing these two entities.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosed AA (30 cases) and AGA (30 cases) was performed based on the clinical and histopathological criteria. We studied immunohistochemical findings for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 in all selected cases.ResultsImmunohistochemical stains for CD4 and CD20 were not helpful in differentiating AA from AGA, but the inflammation density for AA was significantly (P‐value = .025, .001) higher than AGA in CD3 (specificity= 86.7% and sensitivity= 96.7%) and CD8 (specificity= 50% and sensitivity=86.6%). Our findings revealed that intrafollicular CD3 (P‐value = .017) and CD8 (P‐value = ˂.001) infiltrations were significantly higher in AA samples in comparison with AGA.ConclusionCharacterization of CD3 and CD8 in IHC samples is helpful, especially when the density of CD3 and CD8 T cells are significant in more than 50% of the infiltrated cells and are located intrafolliculary. Moreover, the most specific and sensitive test for differentiating of AA from AGA is CD3.
Nursing as a pathway to women's empowerment and intergenerational mobility
Authors: Brownie Sharon , Wahedna Abdul Haq , Crisp Nigel 
Published: May 2018

Aim and objectiveTo assess the impact of nursing education on the intergenerational mobility of graduates of nursing upskilling programmes.BackgroundChallenges for low‐ and middle‐income countries include poverty and limited access to health, education and social services compounded by workforce shortages, inequality and female disempowerment. Little is known about the impact of nursing education on women's empowerment and intergenerational mobility in such settings.DesignA cross‐sectional study using data collected through an online alumni survey.MethodsData were collected March to May 2016 using an online questionnaire, as part of a larger nursing programme alumni survey. Intergenerational mobility was assessed by comparing the respondents’ educational qualification with their fathers’ and mothers’ education levels. Descriptive statistics were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Associations between parental and respondents’ education levels were assessed using chi‐square tests.ResultsOut of 446 female respondents who completed the survey, 379 and 366 indicated their fathers’ and mothers’ education level, respectively. A third of the respondents’ mothers had no formal schooling; lower levels of parental education are significantly associated with increase in respondents age (p < 0.001) and associated shift from Uganda to Kenya and Tanzania (p < 0.001). Respondents had a marked upward intergenerational education mobility with 76% (278/366) and 59% (223/379) of them achieving a qualification two levels above their mothers and fathers, respectively. Tanzanian respondents had significantly higher rates of upward mobility than Kenyan and Ugandan respondents.ConclusionsNursing education positively impacted gender, economic factors and health outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm the “triple impact” of nursing education on improving health, gender equality and economic growth in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are frontline providers of healthcare services. Provision of high‐quality nursing upgrade programmes enhances nursing leadership ability, with aligned improvements in health outcomes while supporting gender empowerment and intergenerational mobility.
Resources for work‐related well‐being: A qualitative study about healthcare employees’ experiences of relationships at work
Authors: Schön Persson Sophie , Nilsson Lindström Petra , Pettersson Pär , Nilsson Marie , Blomqvist Kerstin 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore municipal healthcare employees’ experiences of relationships with care recipients and colleagues. The specific research questions were when do the relationships enhance well‐being, and what prerequisites are needed for such relationships to occur?BackgroundEmployees in health and social care for older people often depict their work in negative terms, and they often take a high number of sick leaves. Despite the heavy workload, other employees express well‐being at work and highlight social relationships as one reason for this. However, a greater understanding of how these relationships can act as resources for workplace well‐being is needed.DesignThe design of the study was qualitative and exploratory.MethodsQualitative interview studies were conducted with 23 healthcare employees in municipal health care. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsTwo themes were identified as resources for promoting relationships between employees and care recipients or colleagues: (a) Being personal—a close interpersonal relationship to a care recipient—and (b) Colleague belongingness—a sense of togetherness within the working group. Spending quality time together, providing long‐term care and providing additional care were prerequisites for a close interpersonal relationship with care recipients. Trust, mutual responsibility and cooperation were prerequisites for a sense of togetherness within the working group.ConclusionsThe findings provide an empirical base to raise awareness of relationships with care recipients and colleagues as health aspects. Relationships among employees in health care are vital resources that must be considered to create sustainable workplaces and consequently improve the quality of care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study advocate health promotion efforts based on interpersonal relationships at the workplace. Dialogues in the working groups, based on the employees’ experiences of positive daily situations, may be a promoting method for the work‐related well‐being of the employees.
Opening the black box: An observational study of teaching and learning interactions for paediatrics trainees on consultant ward rounds
Authors: Gray Amy , Enright Helen 
Published: May 2018

AimWard rounds are complex activities in which education must be balanced against service. Limited evidence exists regarding how to optimise ward round education. In order to improve the educational experience, we aimed to understand the teaching and learning interactions on ward rounds with a particular focus on the experience of paediatric trainees.MethodsWe conducted an initial quantitative survey as a needs assessment regarding learning and teaching in clinical settings using a structured survey of 21 trainees. This was followed by an observational study using focused ethnography of 20 consultant ward rounds in a general medical department of tertiary paediatric hospital. We used a structured observation form to document ward round characteristics and educational interactions. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis to understand key influences on teaching and learning interactions.ResultsTrainees reported a discrepancy between the actual educational value of ward rounds (mean rating 2.7/5) and what they desired (mean 4.3/5). Ward round ethnography revealed examples of excellent education and practice alongside missed opportunities. Explicit education on rounds was dominated by technical content with little focus on other aspects of professionalism. Major influences on educational interactions were the ward round model – consultant‐as‐expert versus learner‐centred – and the hidden curriculum.ConclusionThere are many examples of excellence in ward round education, yet there remains substantial scope to better harness the education potential of rounds. This requires us to challenge assumptions, enable feedback and reflection and make learning explicit – while putting the learner at the centre of educational opportunities.
Effects of oral supplementation of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium on diarrhoea events of foals in their first weeks of life
Authors: Ströbel Christina , Günther Elena , Romanowski Kristin , Büsing Kirsten , Urubschurov Vladimir , Zeyner Annette 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFoal first diarrhoea is one of the most prominent problems in the early life of horses. Probiotics might have the potency to prevent or at least diminish neonatal diarrhoea. We hypothesised that the treatment of foals with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium starting early after birth and then daily over 2 weeks would prevent or mitigate foal heat diarrhoea. The influence of this probiotic treatment on diarrhoea incidence and growth and health performance of young foals was investigated. Thirty‐four foals were randomly allocated to two groups. From day 1 to 14 of life, the foals received either placebo (PG, n = 16) or the probiotic treatment (TG, n = 18). Clinical examination was performed, and the faeces consistency score (FCS, 1–5; with diarrhoea defined by ≤3) was recorded once per day in weeks 1 and 2 and once weekly in weeks 3–8 of life (WL). The body height was measured at birth and after two and eight WL. Diarrhoea occurred in the 1st WL in 19% and 61% of PG and TG foals respectively. In the 1st WL, diarrhoea lasted 0.3 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 1.4 days in PG and TG foals respectively. In the 2nd WL, diarrhoea occurred in 94% and 84% of PG and TG foals, respectively, and lasted for 3.0 ± 1.5 and 3.7 ± 1.6 days respectively. At least two periods of diarrhoea developed in 33% and 65% of PG and TG foals respectively. The TG foals grew slightly slower than the PG foals. The results indicated that the probiotic treatment of neonatal foals as performed in this study was not suitable to reduce diarrhoea within the first two WL, because contrary to the hypothesis, the TG foals suffered more frequently and for longer periods from diarrhoea than the PG foals.
Uncovering cryptic diversity of Lyngbya: the new tropical marine cyanobacterial genus Dapis (Oscillatoriales)
Authors: Engene Niclas , Tronholm Ana , Paul Valerie J. 
Published: May 2018

Cyanobacteria comprise an extraordinarily diverse group of microorganisms and, as revealed by increasing molecular information, this biodiversity is even more extensive than previously estimated. In this sense, the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya is a highly polyphyletic group composed of many unrelated taxa with morphological similarities. In this study, the new genus Dapis was erected from the genus Lyngbya, based on a combined molecular, chemical, and morphological approach. Herein, two new species of cyanobacteria are described: D. pleousa and D. pnigousa. Our analyses found these species to be widely distributed and abundant in tropical and subtropical marine habitats. Seasonally, both species have the ability to form extensive algal blooms in marine habitats: D. pleousa in shallow‐water, soft bottom habitats and D. pnigousa on coral reefs below depths of 10 m. Electron microscopy showed that D. pleousa contains gas vesicles, a character not previously reported in Lyngbya. These gas vesicles, in conjunction with a mesh‐like network of filaments that trap oxygen released from photosynthesis, provide this species with an unusual mechanism to disperse in coastal marine waters, allowing D. pleousa to be present in both benthic and planktonic forms. In addition, both D. pleousa and D. pnigousa contained nitrogen‐fixing genes as well as bioactive secondary metabolites. Several specimens of D. pnigousa biosynthesized the secondary metabolite lyngbic acid, a molecule that has also been isolated from many other marine cyanobacteria. Dapis pleousa consistently produced the secondary metabolite malyngolide, which may provide a promising chemotaxonomic marker for this species.
Sleep duration and mortality – Does weekend sleep matter?
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Ghilotti Francesca , Grotta Alessandra , Zhao Hongwei , Adami Hans‐Olov , Trolle‐Lagerros Ylva , Bellocco Rino 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPrevious studies have found a U‐shaped relationship between mortality and (weekday) sleep duration. We here address the association of both weekday and weekend sleep duration with overall mortality. A cohort of 43,880 subjects was followed for 13 years through record‐linkages. Cox proportional hazards regression models with attained age as time‐scale were fitted to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality; stratified analyses on age (<65 years, ≥65 years) were conducted. Among individuals <65 years old, short sleep (≤5 hr) during weekends at baseline was associated with a 52% higher mortality rate (hazard ratios 1.52; 95% confidence intervals 1.15–2.02) compared with the reference group (7 hr), while no association was observed for long (≥9 hr) weekend sleep. When, instead, different combinations of weekday and weekend sleep durations were analysed, we observed a detrimental association with consistently sleeping ≤5 hr (hazard ratios 1.65; 95% confidence intervals 1.22–2.23) or ≥8 hr (hazard ratios 1.25; 95% confidence intervals 1.05–1.50), compared with consistently sleeping 6–7 hr per day (reference). The mortality rate among participants with short sleep during weekdays, but long sleep during weekends, did not differ from the rate of the reference group. Among individuals ≥65 years old, no association between weekend sleep or weekday/weekend sleep durations and mortality was observed. In conclusion, short, but not long, weekend sleep was associated with an increased mortality in subjects <65 years. In the same age group, short sleep (or long sleep) on both weekdays and weekend showed increased mortality. Possibly, long weekend sleep may compensate for short weekday sleep.