bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance and Application of Read‐Across – Mini Review of European Consensus Platform for Alternatives and Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology 2017 Workshop Session
Authors: Stuard Sharon Buring , Heinonen Tuula 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStructure activity relationship (SAR)‐based read‐across is an effective approach for addressing data gaps in human health risk assessment for ‘data‐poor’ chemicals. In read‐across, available data on chemical structural analogues are used to predict the toxicity potential of the data‐poor chemical. This approach has long been recognized by regulatory agencies and used by industry to evaluate the hazards of chemicals for which there are limited direct data. Construction of a scientifically robust SAR‐based read‐across hazard assessment is a complex and iterative process involving multiple considerations in each step. Traditional in vivo data generated using regulatory guideline compliant study designs typically forms the basis for read‐across assessments. Recently, however, new data streams have been explored and incorporated to enhance read‐across predictivity. These in vitro and omics data streams may be used in different ways involving identification of hazards or to provide insight into modes of action for observed toxicological responses. These ‘new approach methods’ can also enable comparison of biological responses across analogues or a category of structurally related chemicals in order to establish a pattern of biological similarity in addition chemical similarity and/or to help address potency differences across a category. The purpose of this workshop session was to inform on practical considerations in conducting SAR‐based read‐across assessments and to review recent activities related to application of new approach methods to the practice of read‐across.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of the bifunctional μ and δ opioid receptor ligand UFP‐505
Authors: Dietis N , Niwa H , Tose R , McDonald J , Ruggieri V , Filaferro M , Vitale G , Micheli L , Ghelardini C , Salvadori S , Calo G , Guerrini R , Rowbotham D J , Lambert D G 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeTargeting more than one opioid receptor type simultaneously may have analgesic advantages in reducing side‐effects. We have evaluated the mixed μ opioid receptor agonist/ δ opioid receptor antagonist UFP‐505 in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachWe measured receptor density and function in single μ, δ and μ /δ receptor double expression systems. GTPγ35S binding, cAMP formation and arrestin recruitment were measured. Antinociceptive activity was measured in vivo using tail withdrawal and paw pressure tests following acute and chronic treatment. In some experiments, we collected tissues to measure receptor densities.Key ResultsUFP‐505 bound to μ receptors with full agonist activity and to δ receptors as a low efficacy partial agonist At μ, but not δ receptors, UFP‐505 binding recruited arrestin. Unlike morphine, UFP‐505 treatment internalized μ receptors and there was some evidence for internalization of δ receptors. Similar data were obtained in a μ /δ receptor double expression system. In rats, acute UFP‐505 or morphine, injected intrathecally, was antinociceptive. In tissues harvested from these experiments, μ and δ receptor density was decreased after UFP‐505 but not morphine treatment, in agreement with in vitro data. Both morphine and UFP‐505 induced significant tolerance.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn this study, UFP‐505 behaved as a full agonist at μ receptors with variable activity at δ receptors. This bifunctional compound was antinociceptive in rats after intrathecal administration. In this model, dual targeting provided no advantages in terms of tolerance liability.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
Compression in Working Memory and Its Relationship With Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Chekaf Mustapha , Gauvrit Nicolas , Guida Alessandro , Mathy Fabien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWorking memory has been shown to be strongly related to fluid intelligence; however, our goal is to shed further light on the process of information compression in working memory as a determining factor of fluid intelligence. Our main hypothesis was that compression in working memory is an excellent indicator for studying the relationship between working‐memory capacity and fluid intelligence because both depend on the optimization of storage capacity. Compressibility of memoranda was estimated using an algorithmic complexity metric. The results showed that compressibility can be used to predict working‐memory performance and that fluid intelligence is well predicted by the ability to compress information. We conclude that the ability to compress information in working memory is the reason why both manipulation and retention of information are linked to intelligence. This result offers a new concept of intelligence based on the idea that compression and intelligence are equivalent problems.
Zoo Exhibit Experiences and Visitors’ Affective Reactions: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Luebke Jerry F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the types of personal experiences that were related to zoo visitors’ empathic and affective reactions at an animal exhibit. Various studies have suggested the importance of emotional empathy in motivating concern for the biosphere and pro‐environmental behaviors. As such, identifying visitors’ personal experiences at an animal exhibit that may lead to empathic and affective reactions has a direct bearing on learning strategies at zoos, aquariums, and other nature‐based museums. Adult day‐visitors to a United States zoo were asked to provide written open‐ended comments describing any “extra special” experiences they had at an exhibit. These reported experiences were then found to be highly related to visitors’ quantitative ratings regarding their concern, empathy, and sense of connection with nature and wildlife. Preliminary findings are discussed while taking into consideration the additional research questions that remain involving visitors’ empathic reactions to zoo animals.
Financialization and Global Commodity Chains: Distributional Implications for Cotton in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Staritz Cornelia , Newman Susan , Tröster Bernhard , Plank Leonhard 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTRestructuring of global and local markets has led to an increased influence of commodity derivatives markets on commodity price setting. This has critical implications for price risks experienced by actors along commodity chains. Commodity derivatives markets have undergone significant changes that have been referred to as the ‘financialization of commodities’, which we define as an increase in trading activity by financial investors and the reorientation of business strategies by commodity trading houses towards risk management and financial activities. This article assesses how these global financialization processes affect commodity producers in low‐income countries via the operational dynamics of global commodity chains and national market structures. It investigates how prices are set and transmitted and how risks are distributed and managed in the cotton sectors in Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Tanzania. It concludes that uneven exposure to price instability and access to price risk management have important distributional implications. Whilst international traders have the capacity to deal with price risks through hedging, in addition to expanding their profit possibilities through financial activities on derivatives markets, local actors in producing countries face the challenge of increased short‐termism — albeit to different extents depending on national market structures — with limited access to risk management.
Unpacking Land Grabs: Subjects, Performances and the State in Ghana's ‘Small‐scale’ Gold Mining Sector
Authors: Hausermann Heidi , Ferring David 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTDuring the 2008 global financial crisis, gold‐backed reserves became a ‘safe haven’ for capital investment, causing gold prices to hit historic highs. Globally, small‐scale gold mining activities proliferated as prices climbed. Along the banks of Ghana's Offin River, abandoned, waterlogged mining pits now stretch for kilometres where agricultural and other land uses recently existed. While small‐scale mining is a right reserved for Ghanaian citizens, many mining sites are foreign‐operated and almost all go unremediated. There is thus a stark tension between Ghanaian minerals laws and environmental regulations and the ongoing transformation of rural landscapes. Based on 112 interviews and long‐term observation in Ghana since 2010, this article untangles the relationships and practices mediating ‘illegal’ foreign mining operations. Shifting subjectivities, performances and practices bring land grabbing into being as state actors weave together legal and extra‐legal domains to facilitate, and profit from, foreign mining. Other officials experience fear and frustration in the face of powerful mining interests, demonstrating the complex workings and conflicts between government actors and agencies. Detailing co‐productions between ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ domains in official licensing procedures complicates understandings of the state and its role in foreign land grabbing, breaking down the ontological binaries — rational/irrational, official/unofficial — used to uphold an image of state legitimacy and cohesion. Finally, given the spatial extent of small‐scale mining deals and ensuing social and environmental transformations, the authors urge land‐grab scholars not to dismiss the importance of small‐scale deals alongside larger transactions.
Collective Choice and Social Welfare by Amartya Sen: A review essay with reference to development in Peru
Authors: Deneulin Séverine , Clausen Jhonatan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis review essay provides an overview of Sen's revised edition of Collective Choice and Social Welfare (2017), and examines the relevance of its arguments in the context of Peru. It focuses on three main points: a social choice approach for addressing global problems; an expanded informational basis for making judgments; and a public reasoning view of collective decision‐making. It critically analyses the human and social development strategy followed by the Peruvian government in recent years, and in particular the capacity of public reasoning to reflect and sustain the priorities of the poorest and marginalized in the public policy agenda.
Elotuzumab and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Gross Zachary , Rahbari Ashkon , Wirtschafter Eric , Spektor Tanya M. , Udd Kyle A. , Bujarski Sean , Ghermezi Michael , Nosrati Jason D. , Vidisheva Aleksandra , Eades Benjamin , Cecchi Gary , Maluso Tina , Swift Regina , Berenson James R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab and dexamethasone (Ed) for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients.MethodThis retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ed treatment for 21 RRMM patients, 11 of whom were considered lenalidomide‐refractory, and all of whom had progressed on at least 1 prior steroid‐containing regimen. We also evaluated the efficacy of adding lenalidomide to a subset of patients following progression from Ed.ResultsThe overall response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) of Ed were 10% and 19%, respectively. An additional 52% of patients demonstrated stable disease as their best response. The median PFS was 1.8 months on Ed for all patients. Fifteen patients received ERd following progression on Ed, and 60% of these patients were lenalidomide‐refractory. The ORR and CBR were 20% and 33%, respectively, and the median PFS was 3.4 months.ConclusionOur results suggest that some patients can benefit from Ed without an accompanying immunomodulatory agent and that efficacy can be achieved with the addition of lenalidomide at the time of progression. No new safety signals were detected, except for thrombocytopenia in 1 patient on Ed.
Surgical resection of a squamous cell carcinoma in the perianal region of a 25‐year‐old crossbred American Paint gelding using sharp surgical excision, laser excision and chemotherapy
Authors: Poore L. , Smit Y. , Duncan N. , Williams J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA 25 year‐old American Paint gelding was referred to the Onderstepoort Academic Veterinary Hospital with an ulcerated lesion of nonpigmented skin at the right lateral aspect of the perianal region. An infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma was suspected. Surgical excision and ablation with sharp surgical excision and a diode laser was performed although complete excision was not possible due to the tumour location. Intralesional chemotherapy was performed at the completion of the surgical excision and continued in the post‐operative period. Histological examination of the excised lesion confirmed a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and revealed incomplete resection margins at the medial, dorsal and ventral aspects of the surgical site. The surgical site healed uneventfully and a re‐examination at 6 months post‐surgery revealed the gelding to have normal clinical parameters with no perianal lesions.
Interleukin‐31 and interleukin‐31 receptor: New therapeutic targets for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nakashima Chisa , Otsuka Atsushi , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, eczematous, severe pruritic skin lesions caused by skin barrier dysfunction and T helper (Th)2 cell‐mediated immunity. Interleukin (IL)‐31 is a potent pruritogenic cytokine primarily produced by Th2 cells. Both IL‐31 transgenic mice and wild‐type mice treated with IL‐31 exhibit AD‐like skin lesions and scratching behaviour. IL‐31 receptor α‐chain (IL‐31RA) is also expressed in peripheral nerves and epidermal keratinocytes, and the roles of IL‐31 on pruritus and skin barrier have been investigated. Recently, an anti–IL‐31 receptor antibody was shown to significantly improve pruritus in AD patients. This review focuses on IL‐31 and IL‐31RA in AD.
Acoustic communication in fishes: Temperature plays a role
Authors: Ladich Friedrich 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTemperature affects peripheral and central mechanisms of signal production and detection in ectothermic animals. This study reviews for the first time the effects of temperature on acoustic communication in fishes and analyses whether changes in sound properties are coupled to changes in auditory sensitivities. Effects of temperature on sound production have been studied in approximately one dozen families of teleosts. Calling activity increased or was unaffected by temperature, in the latter case probably because seasonal, daily and lunar rhythms also influence mating behaviour and calling. Sound characteristics (pulse repetition rate, fundamental frequency) are positively correlated with temperature if pulses are directly based on sonic muscle contractions. In fishes possessing other sonic mechanisms, the dominant frequency of their pulsatile pectoral sounds may increase as well. Auditory sensitivities were mainly determined in otophysines, which possess enhanced hearing abilities. Studies revealed that hearing increased with temperature, in particular at higher frequencies. We know close to nothing about whether temperature‐dependent changes in sound characteristics are coupled to changes in auditory sensitivity or mate choice. Female midshipman toadfish appear to choose males based on call frequency, which varies with temperature. Future studies need to address several topics: (i) temperature effects on sound production have to be separated from other sources of variation; (ii) effects on hearing need to be studied in many more taxa; (iii) potential negative effects of global warming on acoustic communication (because of temperature coupling) need to be investigated because fish constitute a major source of protein for humans.
Moving towards ecologically sustainable diets: Lessons from an Italian box delivery scheme
Authors: Mattioni Dalia , Caraher Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConscious of the nutritional failings of the current food systems, there has been a call in the last decade or so to move beyond sustainable consumption and towards sustainable diets defined as healthy diets that also optimize the environment, food quality, socio‐cultural values, the economy and governance. Previous studies have shown how local food initiatives can lead to greater levels of sustainable consumption and healthier diets and have focused on the key role played by the conscious‐consumer. Analysing various types of local food initiatives—from community‐oriented to more private‐run activities—they have described the processes that local food initiatives set in motion to empower conscious‐consumers and to ultimately change habits and routines. Taking the specific case of a business‐oriented box delivery scheme in Italy, the article sheds further light on the mechanisms that enable clients to consume in more sustainable and healthier ways, with a central role played by learning, commitment and empowerment. Obstacles however exist in the form of the way people's everyday lives are structured, and the competing values that people draw upon in making their food choices. Support is therefore needed from public institutions to make it easier for people to choose healthier and more sustainable food provisioning systems.
Determinant on RFID technology investment for dominant retailer subject to inventory misplacement
Authors: Tao Feng , Lai Kinkeung , Wang Yao‐Yu , Fan Tijun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRadio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology has been publicized as an effective way to solve the problem of inventory misplacement in academic research as well as in the user industries. In this paper, we consider a supply chain that consists of one supplier and one retailer where the retailer is the Stackelberg leader and makes the decisions first. The consignment contract is provided such that the supplier determines the order quantity, instead of the retailer. A Non‐RFID case, a supplier investing in RFID, and a retailer investing in RFID cases are analyzed and compared. By assuming an iso‐elastic demand function and the corresponding random factor follows uniform distribution, it is intriguing to find that both supplier and retailer have the incentive to take charge of the RFID tag cost, which is not revealed in previous research. Therefore, a case of joint investment in RFID technology is formulated to find out that there are upper and lower threshold values of RFID tag cost sharing rate; that is, if the tag cost sharing rate exceeds the upper value, it is beneficial for the supplier to invest in RFID; if the tag cost sharing rate is smaller than the lower value, it is beneficial for the retailer to invest in RFID; if the tag cost sharing rate is somewhere between these two values, both supplier and retailer are better‐off. Additionally, the end customer will be better‐off if the retailer invests in RFID.
MICAL1 facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation via ROS‐sensitive ERK/cyclin D pathway
Authors: Deng Wenjie , Wang Yueyuan , Zhao Shuo , Zhang Yujie , Chen Yan , Zhao Xuyang , Liu Lei , Sun Shixiu , Zhang Lin , Ye Bixing , Du Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMolecule interacting with CasL 1 (MICAL1) is a multidomain flavoprotein mono‐oxygenase that strongly involves in cytoskeleton dynamics and cell oxidoreduction metabolism. Recently, results from our laboratory have shown that MICAL1 modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the latter then activates phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway which regulates breast cancer cell invasion. Herein, we performed this study to assess the involvement of MICAL1 in breast cancer cell proliferation and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. We noticed that depletion of MICAL1 markedly reduced cell proliferation in breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 and T47D. This effect of MICAL1 on proliferation was independent of wnt/β‐catenin and NF‐κB pathways. Interestingly, depletion of MICAL1 significantly inhibited ROS production, decreased p‐ERK expression and unfavourable for proliferative phenotype of breast cancer cells. Likewise, MICAL1 overexpression increased p‐ERK level as well as p‐ERK nucleus translocation. Moreover, we investigated the effect of MICAL1 on cell cycle‐related proteins. MICAL1 positively regulated CDK4 and cyclin D expression, but not CDK2, CDK6, cyclin A and cyclin E. In addition, more expression of CDK4 and cyclin D by MICAL1 overexpression was blocked by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. LY294002 treatment also attenuated the increase in the p‐ERK level in MICAL1‐overexpressed breast cancer cells. Together, our results suggest that MICAL1 exhibits its effect on proliferation via maintaining cyclin D expression through ROS‐sensitive PI3K/Akt/ERK signalling in breast cancer cells.
Long‐term optimization of outcomes with flexible adalimumab dosing in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis
Authors: Gniadecki R. , Leonardi C.L. , Gordon K.B. , Gu Y. , Geng Z. , Nader A. , Teixeira H.D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe recently updated dosing recommendation for adalimumab for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis states that patients with inadequate response to adalimumab every other week (EOW) after 16 weeks may benefit from an increase in dosing frequency to 40 mg every week (EW).ObjectiveTo determine the long‐term efficacy of adalimumab in patients with psoriasis with flexibility to escalate and de‐escalate between EOW and EW dosing.MethodsData from an open‐label study in patients with psoriasis who had received adalimumab in phase 2/3 studies and their extensions were included. Patients initially received 40 mg adalimumab EOW for 24 weeks. From weeks 24–252, patients whose Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response was <50% (PASI 50) could have their dose‐escalated to 40 mg EW and were re‐evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients who had their dose‐escalated and achieved a PASI 75 response were de‐escalated to EOW and could re‐escalate to EW if response fell below PASI 50 again; no further de‐escalation was allowed. Changes in PASI scores were reported at the last visit before dose escalation or de‐escalation.ResultsBy week 24, 64.1% of patients in the overall population (n = 1256) achieved ≥PASI 75 response, 40.3% ≥PASI 90 response and 21.7% PASI 100 response. Patients who had a <PASI 50 during weeks 24–252 (349/1256, 27.8%) had their dose‐escalated to EW; 182 (52.1%) remained on EW dosing and 167 (47.9%) achieved a PASI 75 response and were de‐escalated to EOW; 83 patients were later re‐escalated to EW dosing owing to a <PASI 50 response. Dose escalation was not associated with additional safety concerns.ConclusionOptimizing therapy by temporarily increasing the dosing of adalimumab to EW in patients with psoriasis and an inadequate response to adalimumab 40 mg EOW permitted the achievement and long‐term maintenance of clinical improvement.