bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse after severe acute malnutrition: A systematic literature review and secondary data analysis
Authors: Stobaugh Heather C. , Mayberry Amy , McGrath Marie , Bahwere Paluku , Zagre Noël Marie , Manary Mark J. , Black Robert , Lelijveld Natasha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe objectives of most treatment programs for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on initial recovery only, leaving post‐discharge outcomes, such as relapse, poorly understood and undefined. This study aimed to systematically review current literature and conduct secondary data analyses of studies that captured relapse rates, up to 18‐month post‐discharge, in children following recovery from SAM treatment. The literature search (including PubMed and Google Scholar) built upon two recent reviews to identify a variety of up‐to‐date published studies and grey literature. This search yielded 26 articles and programme reports that provided information on relapse. The proportion of children who relapsed after SAM treatment varied greatly from 0% to 37% across varying lengths of time following discharge. The lack of a standard definition of relapse limited comparability even among the few studies that have quantified post‐discharge relapse. Inconsistent treatment protocols and poor adherence to protocols likely add to the wide range of relapse reported. Secondary analysis of a database from Malawi found no significant association between potential individual risk factors at admission and discharge, except being an orphan, which resulted in five times greater odds of relapse at 6 months post‐discharge (95% CI [1.7, 12.4], P = 0.003). The development of a standard definition of relapse is needed for programme implementers and researchers. This will allow for assessment of programme quality regarding sustained recovery and better understanding of the contribution of relapse to local and global burden of SAM.
Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture at ST36 in a rodent model of dyspepsia induced by cisplatin
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Sunjuan , Ye Feng , Yin Jieyun , Li Shiying , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐associated dyspepsia syndrome (CADS) is among the most intensive side effects and critical concerns for patients with cancer. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 on chemotherapy‐associated dyspeptic symptoms (CADS) in rats.MethodsCisplatin (8 mg/kg, ip) was given once to establish CADS model. EA or sham‐EA treatment was then performed one hour daily for 21 days.Key Results(a) EA treatment decreased kaolin intake within 24 hours (1.67 ± 0.23 g vs 2.36 ± 0.37 g in sham‐EA,P < 0.05); EA increased food intake (9.43 ± 2.28 vs 4.32 ± 1.26 in sham‐EA,P < 0.05) and cisplatin‐induced reduction of body weight (426.38 ± 13.25 vs 407.92 ± 13.26 in sham‐EA,P = 0.05). (b) The incidence of normal behavioral satiety sequence (53%) in EA group was greater than that in sham‐EA (32%) group (X2 = 17.68,P < 0.01). (c) EA increased the percentage of normal gastric slow waves (82.6 ± 5.98 vs 22.8 ± 1.90 in sham‐EA,P < 0.05). (d) EA normalized cisplatin delayed gastric emptying (71.3% ± 6.8% vs 44.6% ± 11.2% in control,P < 0.05). (e) EA decreased ratio of heart rate variability (0.30 ± 0.03 vs 0.56 ± 0.05 in sham‐EA,P < 0.05). (f) EA decreased fasting ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and peptide YY (P < 0.01 vs sham‐EA for all).Conclusions and InferencesChronic EA ameliorates dyspepsia symptom and improves gastric dysmotility induced by Cisplatin, mediated via the vagal and gastrointestinal hormonal mechanisms.
The optimal order of stimulation modalities and reproducibility of the multimodal esophageal stimulation paradigm
Authors: Broers Charlotte , Boecxstaens Veerle , Deloose Eveline , Tack Jan , Pauwels Ans 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal hypersensitivity can be triggered by different stimuli. We use a multimodal stimulation model to study esophageal sensitivity to four sensory modalities: thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation. The optimal order of these stimulations needs further validation.MethodsEsophageal sensitivity to thermal (heated saline solution), mechanical (balloon distention), electrical (block pulses with electrodes), and chemical stimulation (acid solution, 0.1 N HCl) was assessed in 10 subjects. In one session, thermal stimulation was performed first, followed by mechanical stimulation (“original protocol”). In a second session, mechanical stimulation was performed first, followed by temperature stimulation (“reversed protocol”). Besides, the impact of balloon distention speed (25 mL/min vs 50 mL/min) during mechanical stimulation was evaluated. Secondly, in order to establish reproducibility, independent control sessions of multimodal stimulations in 15 healthy volunteers were used retrospectively.Key resultsA significant difference in pain perception threshold for thermal stimulation was found between the original and reversed protocol (P = 0.046), indicating that mechanical stimulation can sensitize the esophagus to thermal stimulation. Balloon distention rate had no impact on sensitivity thresholds for mechanical stimulation. Concerning the reproducibility, there were no differences for thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation in any of the control sessions.ConclusionsThe optimal order of the multimodal stimulation protocol was to start with the thermal stimulation, followed by mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation. The optimal balloon distention rate was 25 mL/min. Multimodal esophageal stimulation generates reproducible perception scores in health and therefore provides a reliable method to assess esophageal sensitivity changes after interventions that may alter esophageal sensitivity.
Adipose may actively delay progression of NAFLD by releasing tumor‐suppressing, anti‐fibrotic miR‐122 into circulation
Authors: Baranova A. , Maltseva D. , Tonevitsky A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver pathology. Here we propose tissue‐cooperative, homeostatic model of NAFLD. During early stages of NAFLD the intrahepatic production of miR‐122 falls, while the secretion of miRNA‐containing exosomes by adipose increases. Bloodstream carries exosome to the liver, where their miRNA cargo is released to regulate their intrahepatic targets. When the deterioration of adipose catches up with the failing hepatic parenchyma, the external supply of liver‐supporting miRNAs gradually tapers off, leading to the fibrotic decompensation of the liver and an increase in hepatic carcinogenesis. This model may explain paradoxical observations of the disease‐associated decrease in intrahepatic production of certain miRNAs with an increase in their levels in serum. Infusions of miR‐122 and, possibly, some other miRNAs may be efficient for preventing NAFLD‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma. The best candidates for exosome‐wrapped miRNA producer are adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their capacity to shed large amounts of exosomes into the media. Notably, MSC‐derived exosomes with no specific loading are already tested in patients with liver fibrosis. Carrier exosomes may be co‐manufactured along with their cargo. Exosome‐delivered miRNA cocktails may augment functioning of human organs suffering from a variety of chronic diseases.
The globalisation‐regionalisation debate in international crude oil markets: old wine in new bottles
Authors: Dar Arif Billah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a new perspective of testing the globalisation–regionalisation hypothesis in the two international crude oil benchmarks, the European Brent and the American WTI, is proposed. Existing studies have failed to take into account the time horizons in studying the globalisation–regionalisation of two benchmark crude oil markets. This study overcomes the given limitation by testing the correlation and cross‐correlation at different time horizons. The results are suggestive that the two benchmark crude oil markets are more globalised at longer time horizons compared to the shorter time horizons. Furthermore, in the recent years, it is found that the two markets have regionalised.
Inhaled procaterol for the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Taniguchi Akinobu , Hayakawa Masahiro , Matsusawa Maiko , Hayashi Seiji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a respiratory disorder that results from inadequate or delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid following delivery. At present, supportive care is generally practiced for the treatment of TTN. In this study, we focused on inhaled beta‐agonists for the treatment of TTN, and the aim was to verify the efficacy and the safety of inhaled procaterol for the treatment of TTN.MethodsInhaled procaterol or normal saline solution was administered to infants. Respiratory rate and mixed venous carbon dioxide (PvCO2) were evaluated as the primary outcomes. The duration of hospitalization, duration of oxygen therapy, and changes in respiratory support were evaluated as secondary outcomes.ResultsThirty‐seven neonates diagnosed with TTN were randomly assigned to the procaterol group (n = 18) or the placebo group (n = 19). There were no differences in PvCO2 or respiratory rate between the two groups before and after intervention. Median duration of oxygen therapy (3 days; IQR, 3–6.5 days vs 2 days, IQR, 2–4.75 days; P = 0.13) and of hospitalization (15 days; IQR, 11.25–20 days vs 11 days, IQR, 8–15.5 days; P = 0.14) were not significantly different.ConclusionsInhaled procaterol was not effective for the treatment of TTN.
Successful percutaneous transhepatic recanalization of a completely obstructed hepatico‐jejunal anastomosis in a child with liver transplantation: Unusual employment of the transseptal puncture system
Authors: Paolantonio Guglielmo , Pietrobattista Andrea , Parapatt George Koshy , Liccardo Daniela , Natali Gian Luigi , Candusso Manila , Spada Marco , Rollo Massimo , Tomà Paolo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStenosis of the HJ is a common complication of pediatric split LT with high morbidity and possible evolution to secondary biliary cirrhosis and re‐transplantation if not treated. Because the endoscopy is generally infeasible in the Roux‐en‐Y, percutaneous interventional radiology management is usually the safest and most effective approach to avoid surgical revision of a stenotic bilio‐enteric anastomosis. We present the case of a child with acute onset of cholestasis 7 months after left lateral segment partial LT due to occlusion of the HJ. The biliary stricture was found to be non‐crossable with conventional interventional radiological techniques. The obstruction was resolved creating a new bilio‐digestive communication via percutaneous transhepatic approach using the TPS. This device is usually employed by the interventional cardiologist to perform some procedures requiring the direct access to the left atrium through interatrial septal puncture. In conclusion, percutaneous transhepatic recanalization of the hepato‐jejuno anastomosis is a rare but feasible and valuable procedure alternative to the surgical resolution even in small infants. Although few cases have been reported in literature, it has to be considered an additional treatment option when the conventional approaches fail.
Propositions, Meaning, and Names
Authors: Grøtvedt Haze Tristan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe object of this paper is to sketch an approach to propositions, meaning, and names. The key ingredients are a Twin‐Earth‐inspired distinction between internal and external meaning, and a middle‐Wittgenstein‐inspired conception of internal meaning as role in language system. The focus here is not on working out all the details, but on outlining the approach and showing how it offers a promising solution to the problem of the meaning of proper names. This is a plea for a neglected way of thinking about these topics.
Cascade and no‐repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks
Authors: Wiens Stefan , Szychowska Malina , Eklund Rasmus , van Berlekom Erik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely studied with oddball tasks to index processing of unexpected auditory change. The MMN is computed as the difference of deviant minus standard and is used to capture the pattern violation by the deviant. However, this oddball MMN is confounded because the deviant differs physically from the standard and is presented less often. To improve measurement, the same tone as the deviant is presented in a separate condition. This control tone is equiprobable with other tones and is used to compute a corrected MMN (deviant minus control). Typically, the tones are in random order except that consecutive tones are not identical (no‐repetition rule). In contrast, a recent study on frequency MMN presented tones in a regular up‐and‐down sequence (cascade rule). If the cascade rule is detected more easily than the no‐repetition rule, there should be a lower risk of a confounding MMN within the cascade condition. However, in previous research, the cascade and no‐repetition conditions differed not only in the regularity of the tone sequence but also in number of tones, frequency range, and proportion of tones. We controlled for these differences to isolate effects of regularity in the tone sequence. Results of our preregistered analyses provided moderate evidence (BF01>6) that the corrected MMN did not differ between cascade and no‐repetition conditions. These findings imply that no‐repetition and cascade rules are processed similarly and that the no‐repetition condition provides an adequate control in frequency MMN.
Visuospatial sequence learning on the serial reaction time task modulates the P1 event‐related potential
Authors: Lum Jarrad A. G. , Lammertink Imme , Clark Gillian M. , Fuelscher Ian , Hyde Christian , Enticott Peter G. , Ullman Michael T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examined whether the P1, N1, and P3 ERP components would be sensitive to sequence learning effects on the serial reaction time task. On this task, participants implicitly learn a visuospatial sequence. Participants in this study were 35 healthy adults. Reaction time (RT) data revealed that, at the group level, participants learned the sequence. Specifically, RT became faster following repeated exposure to the visuospatial sequence and then slowed down in a control condition. Analyses of ERP data revealed no evidence for sequence learning effects for the N1 or P3 component. However, sequence learning effects were observed for the P1 component. Mean P1 amplitude mirrored the RT data. The analyses showed that P1 amplitude significantly decreased as participants were exposed to the sequence but then significantly increased in the control condition. This suggests that visuospatial sequence learning can modulate visual attention levels. Specifically, it seems that, as sequence knowledge is acquired, fewer demands are placed on visual attention resources.
Effect of red propolis extract isolated or encapsulated in nanoparticles on the in vitro culture of sheep preantral follicle: Impacts on antrum formation, mitochondrial activity and glutathione levels
Authors: Nascimento Tiago S. , Silva Isabelle S. M. , Alves Maria Cecília M. A. , Gouveia Bruna B. , Barbosa Lara Mariane R. , Macedo Taís J. S. , Santos Jamile M. S. , Monte Alane P. O. , Matos Maria Helena T. , Padilha Francine F. , Lima‐Verde Isabel B. 
Published: September 2018

ContentsThis study aimed to characterize the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis (HERP) and nanoparticles containing HERP for using as an additive in the culture medium of isolated ovine preantral follicles. HERP was characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and determination of flavonoid content, and the nanoparticles by the mean particle diameter, polydispersity index (PI) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The effect of HERP (10 and 20 ηg/ml—HERP10 and HERP20 groups) and nanoparticles (NP10 and NP20 groups) on isolated secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 12 days was observed by morphological evaluation, oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species—ROS and glutathione—GSH) and active mitochondria. HPLC showed formononetin as the major compound in the HERP (63.92 ± 0.21 μg/mL). The content of flavonoids ranged from 2.14% to 11.00%. The nanoparticles showed mean diameter of 287.5 ± 3.9 and 479 ± 18.1 ηm; PI of 0.117 ± 0.018 and 0.316 ± 0.039; and EE of 67.15% and 41%, respectively, for the NP10 and NP20 groups. After 12 days of culture, HERP20 and NP20 increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of normal follicles compared to NP10. HERP20 showed significantly higher percentages of antrum formation than control medium (MEM) and NP10 (p < 0.05). HERP20 also showed an increase (p < 0.05) in mitochondrial activity compared to the other treatments, except NP20 (p > 0.05), and increased GSH levels (p < 0.05) compared to MEM and HERP10. In conclusion, use of HERP (20 ηg/ml) on in vitro culture of isolated ovine preantral follicles can increase antrum formation, mitochondrial activity and GSH levels.
Influence of 2 Veress needles and 4 insertion sites on Veress needle penetration depth: A comparative study in cadaveric dogs
Authors: Leschnik Katharina , Bockstahler Barbara , Katic Nikola , Schramel Johannes P. , Dupré Gilles 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the penetration depth (VNPD) of 2 disposable Veress needles (VN) at 4 insertion sites in the abdomen.Study designDescriptive study.Sample populationCanine cadavers (n = 22, 6 for confirmation of the test methods and 16 for the comparative study).MethodsTwo disposable VN (VN A and VN B) were inserted at 4 sites (9th intercostal space [ICS] and preumbilical, paraumbilical, and subumbilical sites) in dorsally recumbent dogs by using a hand‐cranked jig. The VNPD was measured as the distance traveled by the VN between the subcutaneous tissue and the perforation of the peritoneum on the basis of audible clicks and visible feedback from the VN. The effects of the VN type and insertion site on the VNPD were analyzed by using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsVNPD varied between insertion sites (P =  .01) and VN (P < .01). The VNPD was less at the 9th ICS than at the preumbilical, paraumbilical, and subumbilical sites. The maximal magnitude of change was 7.4 mm. Veress needle B (with a low spring rate, lower forces, and a back‐cut bevel design) penetrated farther than VN A (with a high spring rate, high forces, and a lancet‐type bevel) at 3 of 4 insertion sites. The maximal magnitude of change was 6.8 mm.ConclusionVeress needle penetration depth varied between VN designs but was the least at the 9th ICS in canine cadavers.Clinical significanceInsertion of a VN at the 9th ICS is recommended to minimize its penetration into the abdomen. Associations between VNPD and mechanical factors, such as the sharpness and spring rate of VN, warrant additional research.
Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity
Authors: Cooley Katheryn , Kroner Kevin , Muir Peter , Hetzel Scott J. , Bleedorn Jason A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with and without angular limb deformity (ALD).Study designEx vivo and retrospective observational clinical study.AnimalsForty canine thoracic limbs from bilateral normal specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial ALD (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities).MethodsComputed tomography images of the entire thoracic limb were collected for multiplanar reconstruction. Baseline limb axis was defined by the humeral anatomic axis. Axial alignment of the distal humerus, proximal and distal radius, and metacarpal bones were obtained and compared among levels and groups.ResultsThe mean overall thoracic limb rotation of normal dogs was 35.4 ° (95% CI, 27.2 °, 43.6 °). Mean overall limb rotation in uniapical and biapical deformity was 41.6 ° (95% CI, 33.0 °, 50.1 °) and 54.4 ° (95% CI, 45.8 °, 62.9 °), respectively, but was not statistically different (P = .096). Only overall limb rotation in limbs with biapical ALD was different from normal limbs (P = .008). Rotation at the level of the elbow was 77% and 85% of overall limb rotation in normal and deformity limbs, respectively, and was increased from normal in limbs with ALD (both P < .05). Radial torsion did not differ among groups but was moderately correlated with overall limb rotation.ConclusionRotation arising in the elbow of limbs with ALD was higher than in normal limbs and accounted for the greatest contribution of overall limb rotation.Clinical significanceAssessment of radial torsion alone is insufficient to understand overall limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial bone deformity.
Understanding Mechanical Integrity of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces Through In-Situ Micro Mechanical Testing and Multiscale Simulations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Mu Yang , Shao Shuai , Wick Collin , Ramachandran Ramu , Meng Wen Jin 
Published: September 2018

Mechanical failures of interfacial regions of ceramic-coating/metal-adhesion-layer/substrate systems were measured quantitatively and observed concurrently through instrumented microscale mechanical testing in-situ a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Failure of the interfacial regions of coating/interlayer/substrate systems was observed in micro-pillar specimens in-situ under different loading conditions, including shear, compression, and tension.
Under shear loading, shear failure of the interfacial region was observed to occur in two stages: an initial uniform shear plastic deformation of the entire metal interlayer followed by an unstable shear-off close to the metal/ceramic interface. Additional testing under compression loading conditions suggests that the unstable shear-off is concomitant with the metal/ceramic interface going from being “locked”, with no relative displacement between materials on the two sides of the interface, to being “unlocked”, with significant relative displacements. Failure of the interfacial region was also observed under tensile loading conditions.
Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) studies on one particular metal/ceramic interface, namely Ti/TiN, showed that a weak interaction plane exists in the metal layer near the chemical interface in a coherent Ti/TiN structure. Consequently, the free energy and theoretical shear strength of the semi-coherent Ti/TiN interface is found to depend on the physical location of the misfit dislocation network (MDN). The minimum energy and strength of the interface occur when the MDN is near, but not at the chemical interface. The present work gives new insight into the nature of mechanical failure of metal/ceramic interfaces, is relevant to materials-based engineering of metal/ceramic interfaces, and has applications to engineering of ceramic coating/substrate systems.