bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Adaptation of Quinoa in the Bhutanese Mountain Agriculture Systems
Authors: Katwal Tirtha Bdr , Bazile Didier 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBhutan represents typical mountain agriculture farming systems with unique challenges. The topography, agriculture production systems and environmental constraints are typical of small-scale agricultural subsistence systems related to family farming in the Himalayan Mountains with very low level of mechanization, numerous abiotic stresses influenced by climate and other socio-economic constraints. Quinoa was first introduced in 2015 through FAO’s support to Bhutan as a new crop with the objectives to adapt this versatile crop to the local mountain agriculture conditions as a climate resilient crop for diversifying the farmer’s traditional potato, maize, and based cropping systems, and to enhance the food and nutritional security of the Bhutanese people.Ten quinoa varieties were evaluated at two different sites representing contrasted mountain agro-ecologies in Bhutan and were tested during the two agricultural campaigns 2016 and 2017. Yusipang (2600 m asl) represents the cool temperate agroecological zone, and Lingmethang (640 m asl) the dry subtropical agroecological zone.The sowing time differed depending on the growing season and elevation of the sites. Results indicate that quinoa can be successfully grown in Bhutan for the two different agro-ecological zones. The grain yields varied from 0.61 to 2.68 t ha−1in the high altitude areas where quinoa was seeded in spring and harvested in autumn season. The grain yield in the lower elevation ranged from 1.59 to 2.98 t ha−1where the crop was sown in autumn and harvested in winter season. Depending on genotypes’ characteristics, agro-ecology and elevation of the sites and variety; crop maturity significantly varied from 92 to 197 days with all genotypes maturing much earlier in the lower elevations where mean minimum and maximum temperatures during the growing season were higher. Quinoa is rapidly promoted across different agro-ecological contexts in the country as a new climate resilient and nutrient dense pseudo cereal to diversify the traditional existing cropping system with some necessary adjustments in sowing time, suitable varieties and crop management practices. To fast track the rapid promotion of this new crop, four varieties have also been released in 2018. In just over three years, the cultivation of quinoa as a new cereal has been demonstrated and partially adapted to the maize-potato traditional cropping systems under the Himalayan mountain agriculture environment. Quinoa is also being adapted to the rice based cropping system and rapidly promoted as an alternative food security crop in the current 12thFive Year national development plan of Bhutan.
Longitudinal impact of oral probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus vaccine strains on the immune response and gut microbiome of mice
Authors: Abdo Zaid , LeCureux Jonathan , LaVoy Alora , Eklund Bridget , Ryan Elizabeth , Dean Gregg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe potential role of probiotic bacteria as adjuvants in vaccine trials led to their use as nonparenteral live mucosal vaccine vectors. Yet, interactions between these vectors, the host and the microbiome are poorly understood. This study evaluates impact of three probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus, vector strains, and their interactions with the host’s immune response, on the gut microbiome. One strain expressed the membrane proximal external region from HIV-1 (MPER). The other two expressed MPER and either secreted interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or expressed the surface flagellin subunit C (FliC) as adjuvants. We also used MPER with rice bran as prebiotic supplement. We observed a strain dependent, differential effect suggesting that MPER and IL-1β induced a shift of the microbiome while FliC had minimal impact. Joint probiotic and prebiotic use resulted in a compound effect, highlighting a potential synbiotic approach to impact efficacy of vaccination. Careful consideration of constitutive adjuvants and use of prebiotics is needed depending on whether or not to target microbiome modulation to improve vaccine efficacy. No clear associations were observed between total or MPER-specific IgA and the microbiome suggesting a role for other immune mechanisms or a need to focus on IgA-bound, resident microbiota, most affected by an immune response.
Recovery of the type specimen ofAvena breviaristata, an endemic Algerian grass species collected only once (1882): morphology, taxonomy and botanical history
Authors: Gabriel Jennifer , Tkach Natalia , Röser Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAvena breviaristata, collected only once (1882) in Algeria and never re-collected since, is a very mysterious grass species because unfortunately even the type specimen got lost 60--80 years ago. Morphological information on this species was thus based on a few published descriptions, which made it difficult, however, to correctly infer the genus affiliation of this morphologically odd species.Avena breviaristatabecame affiliated in the past with various oat-like genera (Avenula,Helictotrichon,Tricholemma). Due to the recent rediscovery of the type specimen at the P herbarium and the opportunity to study this specimen, we report here on the morphological characters ofA. breviaristataunderpinned by meaningful illustrations. They are discussed in comparison with the morphology of representative species of the above-mentioned genera. Uncommon characters of the spikelets (type of disarticulation of the rachilla, lemma structure, lodicules) and to some extent of the inflorescences, leaves and leaf sheaths support the inclusion ofA. breviaristatain the North African genusTricholemma. Considering biogeography,T. breviaristatumfrom the arid Hauts Plateaux in Algeria is a highly xeromorphic counterpart of the mesomorphic speciesT. jahandiezii, which is confined to higher altitudes of the rather humid Moyen Atlas in Morocco. This underlines the status ofTricholemmaas a relic endemic. Our morphological survey supports the classification ofAvenula(onlyA. pubescens) as separate fromHelictotrichons.str. andHelictochloa. Moreover, morphological evidence does not support an origin ofA. pubescensby intergeneric hybridization between the latter genera as hypothesized in some prior studies. Especially the glabrous palea, the special shape of the lodicules and the structure of the awn show no intermediacy. The complicated history of the type collection ofT. breviaristatumand the role of botanical authors are given.
Anisotropic azimuthal surface‐wave inversion for a vertically fractured and transverse isotropy medium: Theory and examples from a controlled field experiment
Authors: Gofer Edan , Bachrach Ran 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFractures in elastic media add compliance to a rock in the direction normal to the fracture strike. Therefore, elastic wave velocities in a fractured rock will vary as a function of the energy propagation direction relative to the orientation of the aligned fracture set. Anisotropic Thomson–Haskell matrix Rayleigh‐wave equations for a vertically transverse isotropic media can be used to model surface‐wave dispersion along the principal axes of a vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium. Furthermore, a workflow combining first‐break analysis and azimuthal anisotropic Rayleigh‐wave inversion can be used to estimate P‐wave and S‐wave velocities, Thomsen's ε, and Thomsen's δ along the principal axes of the orthorhombic symmetry. In this work, linear slip theory is used to map our inversion results to the equivalent vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium coefficients. We carried out this inversion on a synthetic example and a field example. The synthetic data example results show that joint estimation of S‐wave velocities with Thomsen's parameters ε and δ along normal and parallel to the vertical fracture set is reliable and, when mapped to the corresponding vertically fractured and transversely isotropic medium, provides insight into the fracture compliances. When the inversion was carried out on the field data, results indicated that the fractured rock is more compliant in the azimuth normal to the visible fracture set orientation and that the in situ normal fracture compliance to tangential fracture compliance ratio is less than half, which implies some cementation may have occurred along the fractures. Such an observation has significant implications when modelling the transport properties of the rock and its strength. Both synthetic and field examples show the potential of azimuthal anisotropic Rayleigh‐wave inversion as the method can be further expanded to a more general case where the vertical fracture set orientation is not known a priori.
Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselflyIschnura elegans
Authors: Barmentlo S. Henrik , Vriend Laura M. , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , Vijver Martina G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFreshwaters are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world as a result of anthropogenic interference such as pollution. Pollution in the form of neonicotinoids has been intensively studied, but data thus far is often conflicted by contrasting responses between laboratory and field experiments. In addition, toxicity data are scarce and contradictory for insects such as Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) and a potential risk to them may therefore be overlooked.We investigate the potential risk of neonicotinoids to Odonates by exposing nymphs of the blue‐tailed damselflyIschnura elegansto environmentally relevant concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. We considerI. elegansas an indicator species for other Odonates as it is an abundant, widespread and eurytopic species. We analyse the effects of thiacloprid on multiple endpoints (survival, consumption, growth, molting, mobility and emergence), using cage‐experiments as well as controlled field observations in naturally colonized experimental ditches. In addition, we assess sensitivity by either feeding the damselfly nymphs with lab‐cultured prey or by letting them feed freely on natural aquatic invertebrates.All sublethal endpoints ofI. elegansare affected to some degree, and strongly depend on the food offered; free‐feeding nymphs are more sensitive than culture‐fed nymphs. Environmental relevant concentrations of thiacloprid strongly reduce the emergence ofI. elegansand this effect is more substantial in the natural populations compared to the caged damselflies. This is likely explained by exclusion of additional biotic pressures such as predation in the caged experiment.Policy implications. Literature reports that one out of seven Odonates is threatened and 24% of the species have declining populations. Our observations show that current risks of neonicotinoids to Odonates are underestimated in laboratory experiments as the toxicity is governed by multiple biotic factors such as food quantity/quality and predation. Given the widespread abundance of blue‐tailed damselflyIschnura elegans, the observed sensitivity to neonicotinoids and current population trends of this species, these results indicate neonicotinoids play a central role in the Odonate decline in general.
Protecting juveniles, spawners or both: A practical statistical modelling approach for the design of marine protected areas
Authors: Grüss Arnaud , Biggs Christopher R. , Heyman William D. , Erisman Brad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Fish populations undertaking ontogenetic or spawning migrations pose challenges to marine protected area (MPA) planning because of the large extent of their distribution areas. There is a need to identify the juvenile and spawner hotspots of these populations that could be set aside as MPAs. Species distribution models making comprehensive use of available monitoring data and predicting the realized juvenile and spawner hotspots of migratory fish populations will assist resource managers with MPA planning.

We developed a statistical modelling approach relying on multiple, regional monitoring datasets for assisting spatial protection efforts targeting the juveniles, spawners, or both life stages, of migratory fish species and species complexes. This approach predicts juvenile and spawner hotspot indices, and critical life stage (CLS) hotspot indices, which integrate both juvenile and spawner hotspot indices. We applied the approach to 11 vulnerable species of the grouper–snapper complex of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, which all form fish spawning aggregations (FSAs).

The CLS hotspot index was predicted to be highest in the Pulley Ridge and Flower Garden Banks areas, followed by the West Florida Shelf, southwestern Florida waters and portions of the Louisiana‐Mississippi‐Alabama shelf.

The Pulley Ridge Habitat Area of Particular Concern and Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary are two important existing MPAs of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, whose possible expansion is being considered. The predicted CLS hotspot indices suggest that expanding these MPAs or increasing harvest regulations within them would offer substantial protection to both the juveniles and spawners of many FSA‐forming species of the grouper–snapper complex.

Synthesis and applications. As the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) continues to increase worldwide, statistical modelling approaches making comprehensive use of available data are urgently needed to support resource managers’ abilities to establish sound and efficient spatial protection plans. The outputs of our statistical models can serve as inputs to conservation planning software packages seeking optimal marine protected areas configurations or can be directly employed by resource managers for formulating spatial protection plans.
Systemic family therapy integrated with attachment interventions for adoptive families. Development of a treatment manual
Authors: Barbato Angelo , D’Avanzo Barbara , Vadilonga Francesco , Cortinovis Matteo , Lombardi Sara , Pili Francesca , Rangone Gloriana , Visconti Anna 
Published: July 2019

Manualisation, although to some extent controversial, is an essential requirement for outcome research in family therapy. No manuals are available for therapy of adoptive families. This paper presents the development of a manual of a therapy model with adoptive families, based on the integration of a systems approach and attachment theory. We describe the background and process of development of the manual conducted in collaboration by clinicians and a research team. Twenty‐nine core elements of the model were identified and operationally defined by a focus group of clinicians. All elements except one showed good interrater reliability. The manual provides a tool to address the treatment of adopted families. Since the support to adoptive parents using a family therapy approach remains an under‐researched area, a manual available to clinicians and researchers will promote outcome studies in this area and training of therapists working with adoptive families.Practitioner pointsAdoptive parents often need help to form secure attachment bonds with their adopted childrenA manual for family therapy targeted at adoptive families has been developedThe manual presents a model integrating attachment based interventions within a systemic framework
Emergency first aid readiness in Antarctica: Australian Antarctic expeditioners’ first aid credentials and self‐efficacy
Authors: Wallace Jan M , Harris Keith M , Stankovich Jim , Ayton Jeff , Bettiol Silvana S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo help prevent future morbidity and mortality, this study examined Australian Antarctic expeditioners’ first aid credentials and self‐efficacy in providing emergency first aid in extreme environments.MethodsA mixed method survey assessed Australian personnel working on Antarctic stations. Volunteer participants (n = 83) provided data on first aid training, self‐confidence of first aid readiness, and first aid preparations. The Extreme Conditions First Aid Confidence Scale (EC‐FACS) was developed and validated for this study. Multivariate analyses tested associations between first aid background, demographics and EC‐FACS. Open‐ended comments were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsOver one‐third of participants did not hold current first aid certificates at expedition commencement. Factor analysis demonstrated the EC‐FACS was unidimensional, and internal consistency was high (α = 0.94), and showed first aid self‐efficacy was moderately high, but participants’ confidence decreased as first aid scenarios became more complex. Experience providing emergency first aid and level of first aid qualification were the strongest predictors of overall first aid self‐efficacy. Thematic analysis revealed expeditioners support higher first aid qualifications and want Antarctic‐specific wilderness first aid training.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that many Antarctic expeditioners may not be adequately prepared for first aid emergencies and have low confidence in handling complex medical situations. Based on these findings, we recommend higher first aid qualifications and training tailored to the Antarctic context. These modest steps can help prevent unnecessary and costly morbidity and mortality for extreme‐condition expeditioners.
Western Australia's Royalties for Regions program: a policy response to growth, regional neglect, and perceived disempowerment
Authors: van Staden Jan‐Willem , Haslam McKenzie Fiona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnder the right conditions, compounding socio‐political and economic change can dramatically alter government policy. From 2000, Western Australia, a resource‐rich jurisdiction, experienced significant change owing to a once‐in‐a‐generation resources boom, which forced a break with earlier development approaches. In 2008, regional interventionism returned to the State via the State Government's Royalties for Regions program. Departing from the neo‐liberal tradition, the program allocated 25 per cent of the State's royalty income to non‐metropolitan regions, over and above existing regional allocations, and its success remains disputed. While it is easy to question the program retrospectively, the socio‐economic and political circumstances from 2000 to 2008 reveal a “perfect storm” of conditions enabling the transition from neo‐liberalism to interventionism in regional development. This paper sets out to understand the multi‐faceted conditions that enabled the dramatic paradigm shift embodied by the program. To this end, it examines the State's rural–urban settlement dichotomy, its staples economy, and the policy context leading up to the program. Following that, the paper proposes a causal framework mapping out the factors driving and rationalising the program. These factors are then examined in detail and include perceived rural voter disenchantment, ineffectual regional development policy, the State's mining boom, inadequate regional development funding, the contrasting fortunes of two regions (illustrative of the impact of growth, and the lack thereof), and the political manoeuvring during the 2008 election. Finally, the paper concludes by considering how the conversion of these conditions resulted in the State's most significant regional policy redirection in decades.
The Comparison of Structural, Physicochemical, and Digestibility Properties of Repeatedly and Continuously Annealed Sweet Potato Starch
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wu Hao , Gou Min , Xu Meijuan , Liu Yu , Jing Luzhen , Zhao Kun , Jiang Hao , Li Wenhao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the varied effects of repeated annealing treatment (RANN) and continuous annealing treatment (CANN) on the structural, physicochemical, and digestibility properties of the sweet potato. The 75% starch‐water suspensions were prepared and incubated at 65 °C for 8 cycles and 96 hr. The results exhibited that RANN and CANN did not influence the starch granules and polarization cross obviously. The crystal type of RANN and CANN starches still maintained A‐type, while the relative crystallinity increased. The solubility, swelling power, peak viscosity and breakdown of RANN and CANN starches decreased, but the gelatinization transition temperatures, trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback, and pasting temperatures of starches increased after annealing treatments. Furthermore, RANN and CANN decreased the RS and RS + SDS contents with the increase of annealing cycles and time. The RANN was more effective in modification of the crystallinity, solubility, swelling power, pasting, gelatinization transition temperatures and enthalpy, and digestibility of starch before four times compared with the CANN ones. By and large, RANN may be a potential way for modification of structural, physicochemical and digestibility properties.Practical ApplicationThe described RANN and CANN starch provide new ideas for the study of modified starch. Furthermore, this study revealed the mechanism of annealing treatment and it was concluded that the repeated annealing treatment could provide a new potential way for the modification of starch.
Giant calcinosis revealing systemic sclerosis
Authors: Meriglier Etienne , Lafourcade François , Gombert Bruno , Landron Cedric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCalcinosis is a complication of systemic sclerosis, most often occurring more than several years after diagnosis. We report the case of a man who developed severe calcinosis in shoulders and hips occurring before other systemic sclerosis' symptoms.
PGC‐1a integrates a metabolism and growth network linked to caloric restriction
Authors: Miller Karl N. , Clark Josef P. , Martin Stephen A. , Howell Porsha R. , Burhans Maggie S. , Haws Spencer A. , Johnson Nathan B. , Rhoads Timothy W , Pavelec Derek M. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Roopra Avtar S. , Ntambi James M. , Denu John M. , Parks Brian W. , Anderson Rozalyn M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeleterious changes in energy metabolism have been linked to aging and disease vulnerability, while activation of mitochondrial pathways has been linked to delayed aging by caloric restriction (CR). The basis for these associations is poorly understood, and the scope of impact of mitochondrial activation on cellular function has yet to be defined. Here, we show that mitochondrial regulator PGC‐1a is induced by CR in multiple tissues, and at the cellular level, CR‐like activation of PGC‐1a impacts a network that integrates mitochondrial status with metabolism and growth parameters. Transcriptional profiling reveals that diverse functions, including immune pathways, growth, structure, and macromolecule homeostasis, are responsive to PGC‐1a. Mechanistically, these changes in gene expression were linked to chromatin remodeling and RNA processing. Metabolic changes implicated in the transcriptional data were confirmed functionally including shifts in NAD metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane lipid composition. Delayed cellular proliferation, altered cytoskeleton, and attenuated growth signaling through post‐transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms were also identified as outcomes of PGC‐1a‐directed mitochondrial activation. Furthermore, in vivo in tissues from a genetically heterogeneous mouse population, endogenous PGC‐1a expression was correlated with this same metabolism and growth network. These data show that small changes in metabolism have broad consequences that arguably would profoundly alter cell function. We suggest that this PGC‐1a sensitive network may be the basis for the association between mitochondrial function and aging where small deficiencies precipitate loss of function across a spectrum of cellular activities.