bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Spatial Changes in Trichodesmium Associated With Physicochemical Properties in East China Sea and Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Jiang Zhibing , Li Hongliang , Zhai Hongchang , Zhou Feng , Chen Quanzhen , Chen Jianfang , Zhang Dongsheng , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTrichodesmium is broadly distributed and occasionally blooms in the East China Sea (ECS) and southern Yellow Sea, where it contributes to local N and C budgets. However, its population structure, spatiotemporal distribution, controlling factors, and N2 fixation remain poorly documented. Here we provide high spatial resolution data sets of Trichodesmium during the four seasons of 2011–2012 using water‐ and net‐collected methods. The net‐collected method captures colonial trichomes of Trichodesmium effectively but results in an underestimation of free trichomes. Colonies are rarely observed and occur only on the ECS shelf, which are easily missed in water‐collected samples. Depth‐integrated densities of Trichodesmium were found to be significantly higher in warm seasons than in cold seasons. Maximum densities in the water column were generally found at depths of 10–50 m. Trichodesmium thrives on the oligotrophic, warm, offshore ECS shelf (controlled by the Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current), but restrains in the cold southern Yellow Sea and the eutrophic, inshore ECS. Seasonal and spatial variations in Trichodesmium are closely correlated with physicochemical properties (mainly temperature and P), which are primarily controlled by circulation alteration and water mass movement. The N2 fixation rates of Trichodesmium in the ECS in summer and autumn (>20°C) are roughly estimated at 17.1 and 41.7 μmol N m−2 d−1 under nonbloom conditions, which potentially contribute to 81% and 57% of biological N2 fixation, respectively. Compared with historical data since the 1970s, Trichodesmium densities have increased considerably in all seasons, and the distribution boundary has shifted northward under regional warming and hydrological changes.
A Molecular Budget for a Peatland Based Upon 13C Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Moody Catherine S. , Worrall Fred , Clay Gareth D. , Burt Tim P. , Apperley David C. , Rose Rob 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPeatlands can accumulate organic matter into long‐term carbon (C) storage within the soil profile. This study used solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) to investigate the transit of organic C through a peatland ecosystem to understand the molecular budget that accompanies the long‐term accumulation of C. Samples of biomass, litter, peat soil profile, particulate organic matter, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were taken from the Moor House National Nature Reserve, a peat‐covered catchment in northern England where both the dry matter and C budget for the ecosystem were known. The results showed that: The interpretation of the 13C‐NMR spectra shows that polysaccharides are preferentially removed through the ecosystem, while lignin components are preferentially retained and come to dominate the organic matter accumulated at depth in the profile. The DOM is derived from the oxidation of both biomass and the degradation of lignin, while the particulate organic matter is derived from erosion of the peat profile. The DOM is differentiated by its proportion of oxidized functional groups and not by its aromatic content. The changes in functionality leading to DOM production suggest side chain oxidation resulting in C‐C cleavage/depolymerisation of lignin, a common reaction within white rot fungi. The 13C‐NMR budget shows that O‐alkyl functional groups are disproportionately lost between primary production and accumulation in the deep peat, while C‐alkyl functional groups are disproportionately preserved. The carbon lost as gases (CO2 and CH4) was estimated to be composed of 93% polysaccharide‐derived carbon and 7% lignin‐derived carbon.
Computationally Efficient Radio Frequency Source Localization for Radio Interferometric Arrays
Authors: Steeb J.‐W. , Davidson David B. , Wijnholds Stefan J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRadio frequency interference (RFI) is an ever‐increasing problem for remote sensing and radio astronomy, with radio telescope arrays especially vulnerable to RFI. Localizing the RFI source is the first step to dealing with the culprit system. In this paper, a new localization algorithm for interferometric arrays with low array beam sidelobes is presented. The algorithm has been adapted to work both in the near field and far field (only the direction of arrival can be recovered when the source is in the far field). In the near field the computational complexity of the algorithm is linear with search grid size compared to cubic scaling of the state‐of‐the‐art 3‐D MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) method. The new method is as accurate as 3‐D MUSIC. The trade‐off is that the proposed algorithm requires a once‐off a priori calculation and storing of weighting matrices. The accuracy of the algorithm is validated using data generated by low‐frequency array while a hexacopter was flying around it and broadcasting a continuous‐wave signal. For the flight, the mean distance between the differential GPS positions and the corresponding estimated positions of the hexacopter is 2 m at a wavelength of 6.7 m.
The anti‐human cytomegalovirus drug tricin inhibits cyclin‐dependent kinase 9
Authors: Sadanari Hidetaka , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Sugihara Yuto , Ishida Tomoki , Takemoto Masaya , Daikoku Tohru , Murayama Tsugiya 
Published: February 2018

4′,5,7‐trihydroxy‐3′,5′‐dimethoxyflavone (tricin), derived from Sasa albo‐marginata, has been reported to suppress significantly human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblast cells. However, the target protein of tricin remains unclear. This study focused on the anti‐HCMV activity of tricin in terms of its binding affinity to cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (CDK9). A molecular docking study predicted that tricin binds well to the ATP‐binding site of CDK9. Experimental measurements then revealed that tricin inhibits the kinase activity of CDK9 and affects the phosphorylation of the carboxy‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Based on these results, we conclude that CDK9 is one of the target proteins of tricin. We also found that tricin possesses anti‐HCMV activity with no cytotoxicity against HEL cells.
Comparative safety of intravenous ferumoxytol versus ferric carboxymaltose in iron deficiency anemia: A randomized trial
Authors: Adkinson N. Franklin , Strauss William E. , Macdougall Iain C. , Bernard Kristine E. , Auerbach Michael , Kaper Robert F. , Chertow Glenn M. , Krop Julie S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFew trials have examined rates of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) with intravenous iron formulations used to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This randomized, multicenter, double‐blind clinical trial compared the safety, and efficacy of ferumoxytol versus ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), focusing on rates of HSRs and hypotension as the primary end point. Patients with IDA of any etiology in whom oral iron was unsatisfactory or intolerable received ferumoxytol (n = 997) or FCM (n = 1000) intravenously over ≥15 minutes on days 1 and 8 or 9 for total respective doses of 1.02 g and 1.50 g. Composite incidences of moderate‐to‐severe HSRs, including anaphylaxis, or moderate‐to‐severe hypotension from baseline to week 5 (primary safety end point) were 0.6% and 0.7% in the ferumoxytol and FCM groups, respectively, with ferumoxytol noninferior to FCM. No anaphylaxis was reported in either group. The secondary safety end point of incidences of moderate‐to‐severe HSRs, including anaphylaxis, serious cardiovascular events, and death from baseline to week 5 were 1.3% and 2.0% in the ferumoxytol and FCM groups, respectively (noninferiority test P < .0001). Least‐squares mean changes in hemoglobin at week 5 were 1.4 g/dL and 1.6 g/dL in the ferumoxytol and FCM groups, respectively (noninferiority test P < .0001). Incidence of hypophosphatemia was 0.4% for ferumoxytol and 38.7% for FCM.
Activating CoOOH Porous Nanosheet Arrays by Partial Iron Substitution for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ye Sheng‐Hua , Shi Zi‐Xiao , Feng Jin‐Xian , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIron‐substituted CoOOH porous nanosheet arrays grown on carbon fiber cloth (denoted as FexCo1−xOOH PNSAs/CFC, 0≤x≤0.33) with 3D hierarchical structures are synthesized by in situ anodic oxidation of α‐Co(OH)2 NSAs/CFC in solution of 0.01 m (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2. X‐ray absorption fine spectra (XAFS) demonstrate that CoO6 octahedral structure in CoOOH can be partially substituted by FeO6 octahedrons during the transformation from α‐Co(OH)2 to FexCo1−xOOH, and this is confirmed for the first time in this study. The content of Fe in FexCo1−xOOH, no more than 1/3 of Co, can be controlled by adjusting the in situ anodic oxidation time. Fe0.33Co0.67OOH PNSAs/CFC shows superior OER electrocatalytic performance, with a low overpotential of 266 mV at 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 30 mV dec−1, and high durability.
Zn(II) and Cu(II) unsymmetrical formamidine complexes as effective initiators for ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Munzeiwa Wisdom A. , Nyamori Vincent O. , Omondi Bernard 
Published: February 2018

A series of Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized using unsymmetrical N,N′‐ diarylformamidine ligands, i.e. N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐2,6‐dichorophenyl)‐formamidine (L1), N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐phenyl)‐formamidine (L2), N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐formamidine (L3) and N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐formamidine (L4). The complexes, [Zn2(L1)2(OAc)4] (1), [Zn2(L2)2(OAc)4] (2), [Zn2(L3)2(OAc)4] (3), [Zn2(L4)2(OAc)4] (4), [Cu2(L1)2(OAc)4] (5), [Cu2(L2)2(OAc)4] (6), [Cu2(L3)2(OAc)4] (7) and [Cu2(L4)2(OAc)4] (8), were prepared via a mechanochemical method with excellent yields between 95 ‐ 98% by reacting the metal acetates and corresponding ligands. Structural studies showed that both complexes are dimeric with a paddlewheel core structure in which the separation between the two metal centres are 2.9898 (8) and 2.6653 (7) Å in complexes 3 and 7, respectively. Complexes 1 – 8 were used in ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and rac‐lactide (rac‐LA). Zn(II) complexes were more active than Cu(II) complexes, with complex 1 bearing electron withdrawing chloro groups being the most active (kapp = 0.0803 h‐1). Low molecular weight poly‐(ε‐CL) and poly‐(rac‐LA) ranging from 1720 to 6042 g mol‐1, with broad molecular weight distribution (PDIs, 1.78 – 1.87) were obtained. Complex 2 gave reaction orders of 0.56 and 1.52 with respect to ε‐CL and rac‐LA, respectively.
Assessment of the Hindlimb Membrane Musculature of Bats: Implications for Active Control of the Calcar
Authors: Stanchak Kathryn E. , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe striking postcranial anatomy of bats reflects their specialized ecology; they are the only mammals capable of powered flight. Bat postcranial adaptations include a series of membranes that connect highly‐modified, or even novel, skeletal elements. While most studies of bat postcranial anatomy have focused on their wings, bat hindlimbs also contain many derived and functionally important, yet less studied, features. In this study, we investigate variation in the membrane and limb musculature associated with the calcar, a neomorphic skeletal structure found in the hindlimbs of most bats. We use diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and standard histological techniques to examine the calcars and hindlimb membranes of three bat species that vary ecologically (Myotis californicus, a slow‐flying insectivore; Molossus molossus, a fast‐flying insectivore; and Artibeus jamaicensis, a slow‐flying frugivore). We also assess the level of mineralization of the calcar at muscle attachment sites to better understand how muscle contraction may enable calcar function. We found that the arrangement of the calcar musculature varies among the three bat species, as does the pattern of mineral content within the calcar. M. molossus and M. californicus exhibit more complex calcar and calcar musculature morphologies than A. jamaicensis, and the degree of calcar mineralization decreases toward the tip of the calcar in all species. These results are consistent with the idea that the calcar may have a functional role in flight maneuverability. Anat Rec, 301:441–448, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle Functional Morphology in Paleobiology: The Past, Present, and Future of “Paleomyology”
Authors: Perry Jonathan M. G. , Prufrock Kristen A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOur knowledge of muscle anatomy and physiology in vertebrates has increased dramatically over the last two‐hundred years. Today, much is understood about how muscles contract and about the functional meaning of muscular variation at multiple scales. Progress in muscle anatomy has profited from the availability of broad comparative samples, advances in microscopy have permitted comparisons at increasingly finer scales, and progress in muscle physiology has profited from many carefully designed and executed experiments. Several avenues of future work are promising. In particular, muscle ontogeny (growth and development) is poorly understood for many vertebrate groups. We consider which types of advances in muscle functional morphology are of use to paleobiologists. These are only a modest subset for muscle anatomy and a very small subset for muscle physiology. The relationship between muscle and bone – spatially and mechanically—is critical to any future advances in “paleomyology”. Anat Rec, 301:538–555, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potenzial von schaltbarer Wärmedämmung
Authors: Schilly Tobias , Carrigan Svenja , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKonventionelle Wärmedämmung führt zu einer thermischen Entkopplung zwischen Außen‐ und Innenklima. Zur Begrenzung des Transmissionswärmeverlustes ist dies sehr sinnvoll. Jedoch steht die Wärmedämmung dem dynamisch wechselnden Außenklima statisch gegenüber. Eine Anpassung der Dämmwirkung an die jeweiligen Umgebungsbedingungen kann einerseits zur Senkung des Heizenergiebedarfs von Gebäuden und andererseits zur Reduktion sommerlicher Überhitzungen beitragen. Im ersten Fall ist eine geringe Wärmedämmung der Außenbauteile sinnvoll, wenn in der Heizperiode eine hohe Außentemperatur oder eine hohe solare Einstrahlung auf die Fassade vorhanden ist. Im zweiten Fall bewirkt eine geringe Wärmedämmung, dass überschüssige Wärme im Gebäudeinneren in kühlen Nachtstunden durch Wärmeleitung an die Umgebung abgegeben wird. In dieser Arbeit werden unterschiedliche Verfahren von schaltbaren Wärmedämmsystemen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Im Rahmen von Simulationsrechnungen wurden für den Standort Deutschland die Potenziale sowohl zur Beheizung als auch zur Reduktion sommerlicher Überhitzungen untersucht. Hierzu wurde eine idealisierte schaltbare Wärmedämmung betrachtet, für die beide Effekte nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die Einsparung an Heizenergie liegt im einstelligen Prozentbereich. Zur Einordnung des Effektes der Reduktion der sommerlichen Überhitzung wurde zum Vergleich eine erhöhte Nachtlüftung betrachtet.
Parameterstudie zur Wasseraufnahme verschiedener Putz‐ und Beschichtungssysteme anhand von Simulationsrechnungen
Authors: Worch Anatol , Schild Kai , Stein Anna‐Lena , Hannig Antje 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSchlagregen führt zu einer Feuchtigkeitsbelastung von Außenwänden und kann insbesondere bei den zunehmend leichter werdenden Mauerwerksbildnern zu Schäden führen. Ein entsprechender Schutz wird in der Regel durch wasserabweisende Putzsysteme realisiert. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Simulationsrechnungen war es, die Wassergehalte im äußeren Bereich der Konstruktionen zu analysieren. Dabei wurde untersucht, ob der derzeit in der DIN 4108‐3 verankerte Wasseraufnahmekoeffizient von 0,5 kg/(m2√h) ausreichend ist. Dies geschah auch vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher Normungen bei den Prüfverfahren für die Wasseraufnahme (u.a. DIN EN ISO 15148, DIN EN 1015‐18). Abschließend wurde betrachtet, welche Putz‐ und Anstrichsysteme günstig sind und welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche Wassergehalte auf den Wärmeschutz haben.
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and prediction of histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Harustiak T. , Zemanova M. , Fencl P. , Hornofova L. , Pazdro A. , Snajdauf M. , Salkova E. , Lischke R. , Stolz A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET can be used to predict histopathological response early in the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction.

Methods
Following the PET response criteria in solid tumours (PERCIST 1.0) as a standardized method for semiquantitative assessment of metabolic response, FDG-PET/CT was performed before (PET1) and after (PET2) initiation of the first cycle of chemotherapy. The relative changes in the peak standardized uptake value (ΔSUL) and total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) between PET1 and PET2 were correlated with histopathological response, defined as less than 50 per cent viable tumour cells in the resection specimen. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal cut-off value with the highest accuracy of histopathological response prediction.

Results
PET2 was performed a median of 16 (range 12–22) days after the start of chemotherapy. Some 27 of 90 patients who underwent surgery had a histopathological response. There was no association between the median ΔSUL or median ΔTLG and the histopathological response. A post hoc analysis in 47 patients with PET2 performed 16 days or less after the start of chemotherapy showed that ΔTLG, but not ΔSUL, was associated with the histopathological response (P = 0·009). The optimal cut-off value of ΔTLG was 66 per cent or more.

Conclusion
FDG-PET/CT after the first cycle of chemotherapy does not predict histopathological response in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction.
Nationwide analysis of risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Trenner M. , Kuehnl A. , Reutersberg B. , Salvermoser M. , Eckstein H.-H. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
There is increasing awareness that women may have worse outcomes following repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of this study was to analyse the association between sex, age and in-hospital mortality after AAA using hospital episode data collected routinely at the nationwide level.

Methods
Data were extracted from the nationwide statutory Diagnosis Related Group statistics provided by the German Federal Statistical Office. Patients with a diagnosis of intact (non-ruptured) AAA (ICD-10 GM I71.4) and procedure codes (OPS; 2005–2013) for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) (5-38a.1*) or open aneurysm repair (5-384.5, 5-384.7), treated from 2005 to 2013, were included. A multilevel multivariable regression model was applied to adjust for medical risk (using the Elixhauser co-morbidity score), type of procedure, type of admission, and to account for clustering of patients within centres. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results
Some 84 631 patients were identified, of whom 10 039 (11·9 per cent) were women. Women were significantly older than men at admission (median 74 (i.q.r. 69–80) versus 72 (66–77) years; P &lt; 0·001). EVAR was used less frequently in women (48·1 versus 54·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in women, overall (5·0 versus 3·1 per cent; relative risk 1·60, 95 per cent c.i. 1·45 to 1·75), and for EVAR (2·8 versus 1·5 per cent; RR 1·90, 1·60 to 2·30) and open repair (6·8 versus 5·0 per cent; RR 1·36, 1·22 to 1·52). In-hospital mortality increased with age and was highest in patients aged over 80 years. In multivariable regression analysis, female sex (RR 1·20, 1·07 to 1·35) and age per 10-year increase (RR 1·83, 1·73 to 1·95) were independent risk factors for higher in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion
In Germany, women were older when undergoing AAA repair and were less likely to receive EVAR. Mortality rates were higher in older patients and in women, irrespective of the surgical technique used.
Predictors of freezing of gait in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Cao Bei , Song Wei , Hou Yanbing , Liu Hui , Yuan Xiaoqin , Zhao Bi , Wu Ying , Shang Huifang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the clinical predictors of freezing of gait (FOG) in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThis study included 225 patients with PD who completed a three‐year follow‐up visit. The end‐point was the presence of FOG (freezers), which was assessed during the follow‐up visit. Group comparisons were conducted, followed by a further forward binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsEighty‐five patients with PD (38%) had developed FOG at the end of study. At baseline, freezers exhibited higher age, longer disease duration, higher scores in Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) III and Hamilton Depression/Anxiety Rating Scale, lower Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) score, higher subscores (e.g., “urgency”) and frequencies (e.g., “hallucinations”) in Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale, higher annual changes in MoCA, UPDRS III and FAB scores, and higher incidences of festination and falls than nonfreezers (p < .05). The forward binary logistic regression model indicated that a longer disease duration, a higher UPDRS III score, higher annual changes in UPDRS III score and “visuospatial/executive abilities” subscore, onset in lower limbs, and the presence of festination, falls, and hallucinations were associated with the development of FOG.ConclusionsPatients with onset in the lower limbs and the presence of festination, falls, and hallucinations may be prone to develop FOG episodes. FOG also likely occurs with the deterioration of PD severity and visuospatial function.
A Miniaturized Escherichia coli Green Light Sensor with High Dynamic Range
Authors: Ong Nicholas T. , Tabor Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGenetically engineered photoreceptors enable unrivaled control over gene expression. Previously, we ported the Synechocystis PCC 6803 CcaSR two‐component system, which is activated by green light and deactivated by red, into Escherichia coli, resulting in a sensor with a sixfold dynamic range. Later, we optimized pathway protein expression levels and the output promoter sequence to decrease transcriptional leakiness and to increase the dynamic range to approximately 120‐fold. These CcaSR v 1.0 and v 2.0 systems have been used for precise quantitative, temporal, and spatial control of gene expression for a variety of applications. Recently, other workers deleted two PAS domains of unknown function from the CcaS sensor histidine kinase in a system similar to CcaSR v 1.0. Here we apply these deletions to CcaSR v 2.0, resulting in a v 3.0 light sensor with an output four times less leaky and a dynamic range of nearly 600‐fold. We demonstrate that the PAS domain deletions have no deleterious effect on CcaSR green light sensitivity or response dynamics. CcaSR v 3.0 is the best‐performing engineered bacterial green light sensor available, and should have broad applications in fundamental and synthetic biology studies.