bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining residents' attitudes towards tourism and tourists: A new approach based on brand theory
Authors: San Martín Héctor , García‐de los Salmones María del Mar , Herrero Ángel , Pérez Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering host communities as brands in the eyes of local people, our study examines how resident attitudes towards tourism and tourists are influenced by two brand factors: (a) equity perceptions related to their communities (i.e., brand equity) and (b) identification with their communities (i.e., brand identification). Our empirical results indicate that resident attitudes towards tourism are positively influenced by equity perceptions and identification, whereas attitudes towards tourists are positively influenced by attitudes towards tourism and identification with the community. These findings represent a step forward in better understanding how both types of resident attitudes are influenced by nontourism‐related factors.
Preparation of Layer‐by‐Layer Films with Remarkably Different pH‐Stability and Release Properties Using Dual Responsive Block Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Gundogdu Dilara , Bütün Vural , Erel‐Göktepe Irem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) films of micelles of poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly[(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (PDMA‐b‐PDEA) and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) with remarkably different pH‐stability and release properties are obtained via tuning film deposition conditions in a narrow pH and temperature range. Multilayers constructed at pH 8.5/25 °C or pH 8/30 °C completely disintegrate at physiologically related conditions, whereas film deposition at pH 8/25 °C produces stable films under the same conditions. Importantly, despite their stability, pH 8/25 °C multilayers release a considerable amount of pyrene at moderately acidic pH due to disintegration of the micellar cores. The amount of pyrene increases significantly at body temperature due to lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type phase behavior of PDMA coronal chains. The difference in properties of multilayers is explained by the extent of association among the layers which can be tuned by film deposition conditions in a narrow pH and temperature range due to dual responsive, that is, pH and temperature behavior of PDMA‐b‐PDEA micelles.
Notfallmanagement: Botschafter für die Sicherheit
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie Universität Wuppertal veranstaltet im Auftrag des Auswärtigen Amts internationale Sicherheitsworkshops für die chemische Prozessindustrie. Teilnehmer aus der ganzen Welt lernen dort, Risiken abzuschätzen und Unfälle zu verhüten.
Gold machen im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wienhaus Otto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFranz Tausend schaffte es, Menschen davon zu überzeugen, dass er Gold herstellen könne. Warum ihm das sogar im 20. Jahrhundert gelang, wer er war und welche Beziehungen er zu Politikern in Deutschland, zu Chemie und Alchemie hatte – ein Überblick.
Nachhaltige Chemie – Treffen an der RWTH Aachen
Authors: Mersmann Stefanie , Klement Tobias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnfang April fand der vierte Doktorandenworkshop des Netzwerks Sustainable Chemical Synthesis 2.0 (SusChemSys) an der RWTH Aachen statt. 48 Teilnehmer, darunter sechs Industrievertreter, besuchten die eintägige Veranstaltung am Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie. Auf der Tagesordnung standen nicht nur sechs wissenschaftliche Vorträge, sondern auch die Vorstellung von 24 Postern der Doktoranden des Netzwerks. SusChemSys 2.0 ermöglicht als Dachstruktur den wissenschaftlichen Austausch zwischen Arbeitsgruppen aus Chemie und Ingenieurswissenschaften in Nordrhein‐Westfalen. Alle Forscher arbeiten in ihren Einzelprojekten und im Netzwerk daran, Produkte und Prozesse nachhaltiger zu machen.
Analytik auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Kreiss Wolfgang , Klinkner Roman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnalytiklabore operieren heute in einem Umfeld, das durch einen wachsenden Markt für Analysen, Kostendruck, Regulierung und Technologiewandel geprägt ist. Dem können die Unternehmen mit maßgeschneiderten Strategien begegnen.
Estimation of hydraulic transmissivity from MRS by varying the porosity exponent in detrital aquifers of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Díaz‐Curiel Jesús , Biosca Bárbara , Doñate‐Matilla Georgina , Rueda‐Quintero Sandra 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTo this date, estimation of hydraulic transmissivity with magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) requires transmissivity values from pumping tests in nearby wells in order to determine a calibration constant from the relationship between both types of data. The use of this technique is limited due to the fact that reported values of this calibration constant are highly variable, even within the same type of aquifer. In order to minimize this shortcoming, a new methodology, which has been developed and presented here, is used to estimate the transmissivity of detrital aquifers with heterogeneous behaviour based only on the results obtained by MRS. The exponents applied to decay time and free porosity used in the expression to compute MRS transmissivity have conventionally been fixed values. In contrast, the work presented here aims to improve the applicability of this technique using a variable exponent for free porosity in each type of aquifer, obtained only from MRS results. In order to achieve this goal, previously published MRS data from four detrital aquifers in the Iberian Peninsula have been used and a relationship between the porosity exponent and a function of decay times and free porosities has been developed. This approach eliminates the need to drill and perform pumping tests in additional boreholes, which has cost and time implications, once the correct expression is determined for a given type of aquifer. The range of values thus obtained for the porosity exponent is similar to that reported in the literature. The deviation of the results obtained with this methodology regarding the results of pumping test is similar to the deviation with conventional process. This suggests that the proposed methodology is appropriate for the aquifers considered, and the approach may be expanded to study other types of aquifers. The drawbacks of the proposal related to the conventional equivalence are explored.
Using broadband seismic networks to optimize microgravity survey strategy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Goncharenko Yuriy , Boddice Daniel , Rodgers Anthony , Atkins Philip , Metje Nicole , Chapman David 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTMicrogravity measurements are a useful tool for detecting subsurface features, especially deep targets or those in conductive ground which lie outside the capabilities of other methods based on electromagnetic signal transmission. However, the method is limited by a range of noise sources including vibrational noise from the environment, one source of which being the microseism noise due to ocean waves. This noise travels through the bedrock and manifests itself in the data. It varies as a function of time and location. The effect of the wave noise on microgravity measurements in the United Kingdom was assessed for the first time using a field gravimeter (Scintrex CG5) and a link was demonstrated between the noise from microgravity measurements and those from a broadband seismometer. As a result, a new method for assessing the impact of this noise on microgravity measurements in the United Kingdom is proposed using readily available data from the continuously monitoring seismic network run by the British Geological Survey to create an accurate nowcast. Knowledge of this noise on the day of survey in conjunction with an approximate signal strength of the expected targets can be used to significantly improve survey planning in terms of the optimal observation time at which surveys for particular targets should be conducted, saving time and money on failed microgravity surveys.
The Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Vkorc1l1 Promotes Preadipocyte Differentiation in Mice
Authors: Ding Yi , Cui Jing , Wang Qi , Shen Suqin , Xu Tian , Tang Huiru , Han Min , Wu Xiaohui 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveIdentification of novel regulators involved in adipose development is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Through isolation and analysis of a vitamin K epoxide reductase Vkorc1l1 mutant, this study aimed to disclose its function and underlying mechanism in adipose development and to obtain valuable insights regarding the mechanism of obesity.MethodsA Vkorc1l1 mutation recovered from a forward genetic screen for obesity‐related loci in mice was characterized to explore its effects in gene expression, animal metabolism, and adipose development. Adipogenesis was evaluated in both Vkorc1l1 mutant stromal vascular fraction and Vkorc1l1 knockdown preadipocytes. Intracellular vitamin K2 level and the effect of vitamin K2 on adipogenesis were tested in primary preadipocytes.ResultsVkorc1l1 mutants displayed a considerably lower fat to body weight ratio, substantially decreased plasma leptin, and significantly underdeveloped white adipose tissue. Adipogenic defects related with Vkorc1l1 deficiency were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Vitamin K2 could inhibit adipogenesis in stromal vascular fraction. Increased intracellular vitamin K2 level was detected in Vkorc1l1 mutant preadipocytes.ConclusionsVkorc1l1 promotes adipogenesis and possibly obesity. Downregulation of Vkorc1l1 increases intracellular vitamin K2 level and impedes preadipocyte differentiation.
Perinatal outcomes following cell‐free DNA screening in >32 000 women: Clinical follow‐up data from a single tertiary center
Authors: Liang Dong , Lin Ying , Qiao Fengchang , Li Hang , Wang Yan , Zhang Jingjing , Liu An , Ji Xiuqing , Ma Dingyuan , Jiang Tao , Hu Ping , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening for aneuploidy was clinically introduced in 2011. We aim to focus on the follow‐up information from a single tertiary center undergoing genome‐wide cfDNA screening to evaluate this technology.MethodA total of 32 431 cases were retrospectively reviewed. The screening was performed using a BGI protocol, and the cfDNA results were analyzed together with the pregnancy outcomes, confirmatory testing results, and ultrasound findings.ResultsOf the 32 431 cfDNA screening cases, successful follow‐up was conducted in 287 (82.2%) cases with high‐risk cfDNA results, 85 (94.4%) cases with copy number variation (CNV) and rare autosomal trisomy (RAT) results, and 26 060 (81.5%) cases with low‐risk cfDNA results. Among them, 234 with high‐risk cfDNA results chose invasive testing, revealing 169 true positive cases. In cases with CNV and RAT results, 45 cases underwent invasive diagnosis, revealing six pathogenic CNVs and three uniparental disomies. In cases with low‐risk cfDNA results, three false negative cases were confirmed.ConclusionCell‐free DNA screening appears to be effective in detecting the common autosomal aneuploidies, but one‐third of our cohort with high‐risk results rejected confirmatory testing. Our data provide information on the clinical experience of large‐scale whole‐genome cfDNA screening that has global relevance for the implementation of this technology.
Factors moderating the mutual impact of benefit finding between Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Qiuping , Lin Yi , Zhou Huiya , Xu Yinghua , Yang Liping , Xu Yongyong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWith growing recognitions of the significance of benefit finding (BF) in cancer practice, research has increased to explore factors that may influence BF in the cancer context. Few studies have focused explicitly on factors influencing BF from the dyadic perspective of cancer patient (CP)‐family caregiver (FC) dyads. The objectives of the study were to examine BF relationship between CPs and FCs and to investigate factors that may modify the BF relationships between CPs and FCs.MethodsParticipants consisted of 772 dyads of CPs and FCs. Three types of variables were collected as potential modifying factors, including CP‐related variables, FC‐related variables, and psychological‐related variables. Descriptive statistics, T test, Pearson correlations, and subgroup analysis were applied to conduct the data analysis.ResultsCancer patients and FCs experienced similar moderate to high BF ranging from 65% to 81%, with the exception of acceptance, in that CPs had higher levels of acceptance than did FCs (P < .05). Various factors modifying the BF relationships between CPs and FCs were identified, including dyads' gender, marital status, education level, employment status, level of being informed about the disease, and cancer type and treatment, anxiety, depression, and self‐efficacy.ConclusionsStudy findings call attention to the BF, as well as related factors, from the dyadic perspective of CP‐FC dyads. Health care professionals need to include FCs of the CPs in their care and provide them with support, to encourage the CP‐FC dyads to share their experience and improve BF together, and to develop a dyadic‐based intervention program to help enhancing dyads BF.
Diameter Effect on the Propagation of Curved Detonation Waves in Micro‐Channel Charges Within a Strong Confinement
Authors: Jiao Qingjie , Song Haitong , Nie Jianxin , Liu Rongqiang , Xu Xinchun , Wen Yuquan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe property of detonation wave propagation in micro‐channel charges is one of the most important research areas in the field of explosives. Based on DSD (Detonation Shock Dynamics) theory and a linear assumption for the streamline deflection angle, this paper proposes a theoretical model for curved detonation wave propagation in cylinder‐type micro‐channel charges within a strong confinement of metal tube. Further, dynamic control equations related to the detonation velocity and charge diameter are deduced, a numerical calculation method of detonation velocity and shock front shape is given, and propagation rules for detonation waves with different diameters are obtained. An experiment was designed to test the detonation velocities for micro‐channel charges with a booster explosive. The results closely agree with calculations, validating the propagation model of curved detonation waves. It was found that the detonation velocity loss and shock front curvature in the central axis decreased with increasing diameter in the calculation range. Moreover, the smaller the diameter, the greater the rate of change. It is also shown that the model is suitable for the prediction of diameter effects in micro‐channel charges, which is of significance for structural design and performance optimization in MEMS initiation systems.
Elucidation of chemical modifier reactivity towards peptides and proteins and the analysis of specific fragmentation by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rühl Michael , Kühn Benjamin , Roos Jessica , Maier Thorsten J. , Steinhilber Dieter , Karas Michael 
Published: July 2018

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis of covalent 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitors is challenging due to unknown amino acid specificity and low posttranslational modification (PTM)‐identification rates. The analysis of the amino‐acid specificity and of the characteristic fragmentation of chemically modified peptides is considered to improve knowledge for the analysis of chemically modified peptides and proteins by MALDI‐MS.MethodsVarious compounds were used to investigate the modification of synthetic peptides carrying reactive amino acid residues. Mass spectra were recorded using a MALDI‐LTQ Orbitrap XL for high‐resolution mass spectrometry and ion trap MALDI‐MS2. UV–Vis‐based reduction and radical scavenging analysis was conducted. The on‐plate digestion method described by Rühl et al was utilized for modification‐site analysis at 5‐lipoxygenase.ResultsThe analysis of amino‐acid‐specific reactivity revealed the reactivity of quinones towards cysteine residues and the potential occurrence of a subsequent oxidative process was observed by an UV–Vis‐based reduction assay. MALDI collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID‐MS2) indicated a prominent fragmentation mechanism of modified cysteine and histidine residues. Fragmentation included highly abundant neutral‐loss signals which could be used to identify new modifications induced by chemical modifiers at the cysteine‐159 residue of 5‐lipoxygenase.ConclusionsSpecificity and fragmentation analysis provides crucial information for the analysis of chemically modified cysteines and histidines by MALDI‐MS. Elucidation of binding sites by MALDI‐MS has been significantly improved using an easy‐to‐run peptide assay and gives background information for the analysis in the case of chemically modified 5‐lipoxygenase.
Channel invariant online visibility enhancement for visual SLAM in a turbid environment
Authors: Cho Younggun , Kim Ayoung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a real‐time and channel‐invariant visibility enhancement algorithm using a hybrid image enhancement approach. The proposed method is initially motivated by an underwater visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) failure in a turbid medium. The environments studied contain various particles and are dominated by a different image degradation model. Targeting image enhancement for degraded images but not being limited to it, the proposed method provides a highly effective solution for both color and gray images with substantial improvement in the process time compared to conventional methods. The proposed method introduces a hybrid scheme of two image enhancement modules: a model‐based (extensive) enhancement and a model‐free (immediate) enhancement. The proposed method is validated by using simulated synthetic color images and real‐world color and grayscale underwater images. Real‐world validation is performed in various environments such as hazy indoor, smoky indoor, and underwater. Using the ground truth trajectory or clear images acquired from the same area but without turbidity, we evaluate the proposed visibility enhancement and camera registration improvement for a feature based (ORB‐SLAM2), a direct (LSD‐SLAM), and a visual underwater SLAM application.
Synthesis of BN/g‐C3N4 as Visible‐light‐driven Photocatalysts for Degradation of Different Organic Pollutants
Authors: Tu Dan , Liao Huiwei , Deng Qiulin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, BN/g‐C3N4 composites were prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The BN/g‐C3N4 composites were successfully characterized by FTIR spectra, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, UV/Vis DRS, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and BET. The photocatalytic activities of the as‐prepared catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of different organic pollutants, such as Acid Red (AR), Rhodamine B (RhB), Congo Red (CR), Methyl Orange (MO), Methyl Red (MR), and Phenol. The best result showed that the 40 wt% BN was added to g‐C3N4 (BN/g‐C3N4‐4) achieved up to 99% decomposition of AR within 90 min under visible‐light irradiation. The kinetics of BN/g‐C3N4 ‐4 for degradation of AR was almost six times than that of pure g‐C3N4. Finally, the degradation processes of different pollutants and the photocatalytic mechanism had been explained concretely.
Zwitterionic‐Biosurfactant‐Encapsulated Shape‐Controlled AgNPs: An Assessment of Shape Effect on Catalytic Properties
Authors: Marimuthu Vanitha , Chandirasekar Shanmugam , Kasthuri Jayapalan , Rajendiran Nagappan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, photochemical synthesis of shape controlled silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)‐dimethylammonium]‐1‐propanesulfonate (CHAPS) as a reducing and stabilizing agent has been reported. Since, CHAPS is a highly biocompatible zwitterionic bio‐surfactant with combined properties of both sulfobetaine type detergents and cholic acid, it acts as an ideal template for the preparation of biocompatible nanomaterials. The formation of AgNPs is influenced by the concentration of CHAPS and the pH of the reaction medium. Below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of CHAPS anisotropic NPs were formed whereas above the CMC spherical shaped NPs were obtained. The optical properties of the nanoparticles (NPs) were studied using UV‐visible spectroscopy. Size and morphology of the NPs were analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) and dynamic light scattering techniques (DLS). The interaction of surfactant on the NPs surface was studied by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of the NPs′ shape on the catalytic performance was evaluated using the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) as a model reaction.
Focused Ultrasound Enabled Trans‐Blood Brain Barrier Delivery of Gold Nanoclusters: Effect of Surface Charges and Quantification Using Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Sultan Deborah , Ye Dezhuang , Heo Gyu Seong , Zhang Xiaohui , Luehmann Hannah , Yue Yimei , Detering Lisa , Komarov Sergey , Taylor Sara , Tai Yuan‐Chuan , Rubin Joshua B. , Chen Hong , Liu Yongjian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFocused ultrasound (FUS) technology is reported to enhance the delivery of 64Cu‐integrated ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (64Cu‐AuNCs) across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). To better define the optimal physical properties for brain delivery, 64Cu‐AuNCs with different surface charges are synthesized and characterized. In vivo biodistribution studies are performed to compare the individual organ uptake of each type of 64Cu‐AuNCs. Quantitative PET imaging post‐FUS treatment shows site‐targeted brain penetration, retention, and diffusion of the negative, neutral, and positive 64Cu‐AuNCs. Autoradiography is performed to compare the intrabrain distribution of these nanoclusters. PET Imaging demonstrates the effective BBB opening and successful delivery of 64Cu‐AuNCs into the brain. Of the three 64Cu‐AuNCs investigated, the neutrally charged nanostructure performs the best and is the candidate platform for future theranostic applications in neuro‐oncology.
Engineering Morphologies of Cobalt Pyrophosphates Nanostructures toward Greatly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Du Hongfang , Ai Wei , Zhao Zhi Liang , Chen Yu , Xu Xin , Zou Chenji , Wu Lishu , Su Lan , Nan Kaikai , Yu Ting , Li Chang Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, a surfactant‐ and additive‐free strategy is developed for morphology‐controllable synthesis of cobalt pyrophosphate (CoPPi) nanostructures by tuning the concentration and ratio of the precursor solutions of Na4P2O7 and Co(CH3COO)2. A series of CoPPi nanostructures including nanowires, nanobelts, nanoleaves, and nanorhombuses are prepared and exhibit very promising electrocatalytic properties toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Acting as both reactant and pseudo‐surfactant, the existence of excess Na4P2O7 is essential to synthesize CoPPi nanostructures for unique morphologies. Among all CoPPi nanostructures, the CoPPi nanowires catalyst renders the best catalytic performance for OER in alkaline media, achieving a low Tafel slope of 54.1 mV dec−1, a small overpotential of 359 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and superior stability. The electrocatalytic activities of CoPPi nanowires outperform the most reported non‐noble metal based catalysts, even better than the benchmark Ir/C (20%) catalyst. The reported synthesis of CoPPi gives guidance for morphology control of transition metal pyrophosphate based nanostructures for a high‐performance inexpensive material to replace the noble metal‐based OER catalysts.