bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Integration of Complementary Field‐Effect Transistors for High‐Performance Micro LED Displays
Authors: Im Hwarim , Oh Joo‐On , Lee Yuseong , Jung Eun Kyo , Kim Eunho , Lee Junho , Kim Jimin , Naqi Muhammad , Kim Yong‐Sang , Kim Sunkook 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates a micro light‐emitting diode (µLED) pixel circuit using the heterogeneous integration of complementary field‐effect transistors (CFETs). The CFETs are fabricated using a semiconductor layer composed of tellurium (Te) and indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) layers. Te and IGZO layers in the heterostructure IGZO/Te film exhibit hexagonal and amorphous phases, respectively, indicating that each layer maintains independent material characteristics. The fabricated IGZO/Te CFETs exhibit ambipolar behavior with a turn‐on voltage of 2.0 V and field‐effect mobility of 0.74 and 1.42 cm2 V−1 s−1 for p‐type and n‐type channels, respectively. Inverters comprising IGZO/Te CFET and IGZO TFT exhibit inverting behavior. A µLED pixel circuit is designed using IGZO/Te CFETs based on pulse width modulation (PWM). The proposed circuit uses an inverter structure with IGZO/Te and IGZO to control the emission time, suppressing the wavelength shift of µLEDs depending on the µLED current levels. The operation of the proposed pixel circuit is investigated through simulation and measurement of the fabricated circuit. The fabricated µLED pixel circuit successfully exhibits PWM operation, controlling the emission time and luminance. Consequently, IGZO/Te CFETs show promise as devices for high‐quality µLED displays.
Biomimetic Structural Hydrogels Reinforced by Gradient Twisted Plywood Architectures
Authors: Tang Yulu , Wu Bentao , Li Jie , Lu Canhui , Wu Jianing , Xiong Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNaturally structural hydrogels such as crustacean exoskeletons possess a remarkable combination of seemingly contradictory properties: high strength, modulus, and toughness coupled with exceptional fatigue resistance, owing to their hierarchical structures across multiple length scales. However, replicating these unique mechanical properties in synthetic hydrogels remains a significant challenge. This work presents a synergistic approach for constructing hierarchical structural hydrogels by employing cholesteric liquid crystal self‐assembly followed by nanocrystalline engineering. The resulting hydrogels exhibit a long‐range ordered gradient twisted plywood structure with high crystallinity to mimic the design of crustacean exoskeletons. Consequently, the structural hydrogels achieve an unprecedented combination of ultrahigh strength (46 ± 3 MPa), modulus (496 ± 25 MPa), and toughness (170 ± 14 MJ m−3), together with recorded high fatigue threshold (32.5 kJ m−2) and superior impact resistance (48 ± 2 kJ m−1). Additionally, through controlling geometry and compositional gradients of the hierarchical structures, a programmable shape morphing process allows for the fabrication of complex 3D hydrogels. This study not only offers valuable insights into advanced design strategies applicable to a broad range of promising hierarchical materials, but also pave the ways for load‐bearing applications in tissue engineering, wearable devices, and soft robotics.
Free‐Standing Ultrathin Films of 2D Perovskite for Light‐Emitting Devices Operating at Strong Coupling Regime
Authors: Łempicka‐Mirek Karolina , Król Mateusz , Mazur Rafał , Piecek Wiktor , Szczytko Jacek , Majewski Paweł W. , Piętka Barbara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel and cost‐effective method for producing free‐standing polyimide films that support a layer of 2D polycrystalline perovskite is presented. This flexible structure can be easily transferred to different substrates of various sizes and roughness, as demonstrated by depositing it on a small dielectric mirror. The experiments confirm that the presence of polyimide thin film does not affect the optical properties of the 2D perovskite, maintaining its integrity under both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Furthermore, the flexible 2D perovskite within an optical microcavity, achieving strong light‐matter coupling at room temperature is successfully embedded. The findings not only extend the frontiers of flexible optoelectronics but also emphasize its importance in improving high‐performance light‐emitting devices.
Visualizing the “Hidden” Triplet–Triplet Fusion Process to Fluorescence in Typical Organic/Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lin Yulin , Luo Shi‐Hong , Li Chih‐Ting , Guo Tzung‐Fang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFluorescence emission of a typical poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene) derivative (PF Green B)‐based polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) clearly demonstrates that it partially involves the contribution of triplet excitons by the triplet–triplet fusion (TTF) process through measuring the magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL) responses of devices at different bias conditions and temperatures. The TTF process to fluorescence intrinsically correlates with the concentration, lifetime, and polaron quenching of triplet excitons, as modulated by different bias regimes and conditions. Varying the cathode configurations of PLEDs by an additional exciton blocking layer and cathode buffer layers in PLEDs, such as a thin layer of bathocuproine, tetractylammonium bromide, or poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether with metal cathodes, changes the carrier dynamics and regulates the magnitude of TTF process to fluorescence. The performance of the devices has increased due to the enhanced TTF process in fluorescence, as characterized by the measurement of MEL responses. The results in this work unveil the “hidden” component of fluorescence emission, which originates from the fusion of triplet excitons to singlet excitons in typical PLEDs. The results elucidate that TTF of triplet excitons to fluorescence emission can be a practicable mechanism that contributes to enhancing the performance of devices.
Substrate‐Induced Maximum Optical Chirality of Planar Dielectric Structures
Authors: Gorkunov Maxim V. , Antonov Alexander A. , Mamonova Alena V. , Muljarov Egor A. , Kivshar Yuri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResonant dielectric planar structures can interact selectively with light of particular helicity thus providing an attractive platform for chiral flat optics. The absence of mirror‐symmetry planes defines geometric chirality, and it remains the main condition for achieving strong circular dichroism. For planar optical structures such as photonic‐crystal slabs and metasurfaces, breaking the out‐of‐plane mirror symmetry is especially challenging, as it requires to fabricate meta‐atoms with a tilt, variable height, or vertically shifted positions. Although transparent substrates formally break out‐of‐plane mirror symmetries, their optical effect is typically subtle being rarely considered for enhancing optical chirality. Here it is revealed that low‐refractive‐index substrates can induce up to maximum intrinsic optical chirality in otherwise achiral metastructures so that the transparency to waves of one helicity is combined with resonant blocking of waves of the opposite helicity. This effect originates from engineering twisted photonic eigenstates of different parities. The perturbation analysis developed in terms of the resonant‐state expansion reveals how the eigenstate coupling induced by a substrate gives rise to a pair of chiral resonances of opposite handedness. The general theory is confirmed by the specific examples of light transmission in the normal and oblique directions by a rotation‐symmetric photonic‐crystal slab placed on different transparent substrates.
In Situ and Ex Situ Luminescence Investigation of Rare Earth Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Mellitate Anion
Authors: Teotonio Ercules E. S. , Doungmo Giscard , Ströh Jonas , Mustafa Danilo , Costa Israel F. , Brito Hermi F. , Kotlov Aleksei , Terraschke Huayna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work reports the preparation by co‐precipitation method of [Zn2Al0.95:Ln0.05(OH)6](HMA)0.21·(H2O)x, where x = 1.0–1.7 and Ln3+: Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+, doped trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln3+) intercalated with mellitate (HMA5−) anions in the interlayer gallery. The results indicate that the Ln3+ ions and the organic anion are effectively introduced into the material without significantly losing the structural properties of the layered double hydroxydes (LDH). In situ measurements reveal slight changes in the luminescent properties assigned to the nucleation and growth processes of the LDH. Ex situ experiments show that the photophysical properties also changed after the drying process, indicating significant interactions of the mellitate anion in the materials. LDH‐HMA:Eu3+ and LDH‐HMA:Tb3+ exhibit high luminescence intensity in the red and green spectral regions due to the 5D0→7F0‐6 and 5D4→7F6‐0 transitions, respectively. The LDH‐HMA doped with different ratios Eu3+/Tb3+ presenting emission colors from red to green are also investigated. Surprisingly, the unexpected afterglow blue luminescence from the LDH‐HMA doped with Gd3+ ion is ascribed to the phosphorescence T→S0 transition. Finally, obtaining three red, green and blue luminophores based on the same type of material represents an effective strategy toward white‐light emission realized by mixing three different LDHs materials based on Ln3+ ions.
Ultrasensitive Photodetection and Metal‐Semiconductor Transition in Bi2S3 Phototransistor
Authors: Yang Yujue , Pan Zhidong , Liu Xueting , Dong Huafeng , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Huo Nengjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) single crystal shows a great advantage of the direct band gap, high photo‐absorption, and non‐toxic elements. The ideal prerequisites for ultrasensitive photodetector is low noise and high gain, which are however not simultaneously present in existing Bi2S3 photodetectors. Herein, a three‐terminal phototransistor based on Bi2S3 flakes, achieving both low noise and high photo‐gain for ultrasensitive photodetection capability is developed. By applying negative gate voltage, the Bi2S3 channel is depleted, leading to a low noise spectral density of 3.3 × 10−12 A Hz−1/2. Leveraging the photo‐gating effect, a high photo‐gain of ≈108 is also yielded. These two factors have led to a high responsivity of 3 × 108 A/W and high detectivity up to 1.6 × 1015 Jones at 635 nm, which have surpassed that in commercial and newly emerging photodetectors. Through the temperature‐dependent electrical transport and photo‐response measurement, the phototransistor demonstrates an interesting metal‐semiconductor transition due to the strong electron‐electron interactions by applying positive gate voltage for high levels of electron doping. A suppressed hysteresis and persistent photoconductivity are observed at low temperatures, suggestive of the existence of trap states. This work develops the Bi2S3 photo‐transistor with ultrasensitive photodetection and metal‐semiconductor transition, providing a promising system for strong correlation effects and photodetector applications.
Unveiling the Geometric Site Dependence of Co‐Based Spinel Oxides in the Halogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Tingting , Pu Zonghua , Chen Zhangsen , Zhang Xiaofeng , Huang Qiufeng , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Zhang Gaixia , Sun Shuhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCobalt‐based spinel oxides, such as Co3O4, have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for chlorine and bromine evolution reactions (CER and BrER) in recent years. However, the role of Co valence in determining the exceptional performance of Co3O4 for both CER and BrER remains ambiguous due to the coexistence of both octahedrally coordinated Co3+ (Co3+Oh) and tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ (Co2+Td) sites, despite their high catalytic activity and stability. Herein, combining experiment results and electrochemical data analysis, the Co3+Oh site functions as the primary active site for CER is demonstrated. In contrast, for BrER, both Co3+Oh and Co2+Td sites exhibit good catalytic activity, with Co3+Oh sites displaying better BrER catalytic performance than Co2+Td sites. To further enhance the CER catalytic activity of the Co3+Oh site, inert Co2+Td is replaced with Cu2+ cations. As expected, CuCo2O4 featuring an optimized Co3+Oh site demonstrates an overpotential of 24 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 while exhibiting exceptional stability for ≈60 h, surpassing the performance of the majority of non‐noble and even noble metal‐based electrocatalysts reported to date. Therefore, the study elucidates the significance of geometric configuration‐dependent activity in electrocatalytic halogen evolution reactions.
High‐Performance Alkaline Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Based on Bimetallic Phosphide/Phosphate
Authors: Singh Man , Thakur Neha , Nagaiah Tharamani C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐based materials explored for energy storage applications viz. batteries, supercapacitors and more recently battery‐supercapacitor hybrids (BSHs) abundantly involve Co‐based materials. However, the supply chain issues and low electronic conductivity force us to look for alternative options. In this regard, Co‐free binary metal phosphide/phosphate consisting of Ni and V metal (NiVP/Pi) microspheres as the positive electrode of BSH which shows a high specific capacity of 502 C g−1 (1004 F g−1) at 2 mV s−1 while retaining a high specific capacity of 214 C g−1 (428 F g−1) at 12 A g−1 is reported. The high electronic conductivity of binary metal phosphide in NiVP/Pi electrode and the rich electrochemical active sites due to Ni and V metal centres results in exciting performance. More interestingly, the hybrid device is successfully developed by employing NiVP/Pi as the positive electrode and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the negative electrode. The hybrid device (NiVP/Pi//CNT) is able to achieve a maximum energy density of 22.17 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 5 kW kg−1 with 91.7% capacitance retention after 7500 continuous galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles.
Very Low‐Intensity Ultrasound Facilitates Glymphatic Influx and Clearance via Modulation of the TRPV4‐AQP4 Pathway
Authors: Wu Chueh‐Hung , Liao Wei‐Hao , Chu Ya‐Cherng , Hsiao Ming‐Yen , Kung Yi , Wang Jaw‐Lin , Chen Wen‐Shiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, the glymphatic system has been proposed as a mechanism for waste clearance from the brain parenchyma. Glymphatic dysfunction has previously been shown to be associated with several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. As such, it may serve as an important target for therapeutic interventions. In the present study, very low‐intensity ultrasound (VLIUS) (center frequency, 1 MHz; pulse repetition frequency, 1 kHz; duty factor, 1%; spatial peak temporal average intensity [Ispta] = 3.68 mW cm2; and duration, 5 min) is found to significantly enhance the influx of cerebrospinal fluid tracers into the paravascular spaces of the brain, and further facilitate interstitial substance clearance from the brain parenchyma, including exogenous β‐amyloid. Notably, no evidence of brain damage is observed following VLIUS stimulation. VLIUS may enhance glymphatic influx via the transient receptor potential vanilloid‐4‐aquaporin‐4 pathway in astrocytes. This mechanism may provide insights into VLIUS‐regulated glymphatic function that modifies the natural course of central nervous system disorders related to waste clearance dysfunction.
Aloe Emodin Alleviates Radiation‐Induced Heart Disease via Blocking P4HB Lactylation and Mitigating Kynurenine Metabolic Disruption
Authors: Ouyang Fan , Li Yaling , Wang Haoming , Liu Xiangyang , Tan Xiaoli , Xie Genyuan , Zeng Junfa , Zeng Gaofeng , Luo Qiong , Zhou Hong , Chen Siming , Hou Kai , Fang Jinren , Zhang Xia , Zhou Linlin , Li Yukun , Gao Anbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAloe emodin is an anthraquinone of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, which plays a protective action in cardiovascular diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of aloe emodin in the protection of radiation‐induced heart damage (RIHD) are unclear. As a novel post‐translational modification, lactylation is considered as a critical mediator in inflammatory cascade and cardiac injury. Here, using a cross of differential omics and 4D label‐free lactylation omics, protein disulfide‐isomerase (P4HB) is identified as a novel target for lactylation, and aloe emodin inhibits the binding of lactate to the K311 site of P4HB. Aloe emodin stabilizes kynurenine metabolism through inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT2) accumulation on damaged mitochondria. Mechanistically, aloe emodin inhibits phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3B (p‐GSK3B) transcription in the nucleus to repress the interaction of prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) with SH3 domain of SH3 domain‐containing GRB2‐like protein B1 (SH3GLB1), thereby disrupting the functions of mitochondrial complexes and reducing SH3GLB1‐mediated mitoROS accumulation, eventually suppressing calcium‐binding and coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 2 (NDP52)‐induced mitophagy. This study unveils the regulatory role of aloe emodin in RIHD alleviation through PTGS2/SH3GLB1/NDP52 axis, indicates aloe emodin stabilizes GOT2‐mediated kynurenine metabolism through P4HB lactylation. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the protective role of aloe emodin in cardiac injury, and opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies of aloe emodin in preventing RIHD by regulating lactylation.
Polarity‐Reversal of Exchange Bias in van der Waals FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 Heterostructures
Authors: Xiao Han , Lyu Bingbing , Mi Mengjuan , Yuan Jian , Zhang Xiandong , Yu Lixuan , Cui Qihui , Wang Chaofan , Song Jun , Huang Mingyuan , Tian Yufeng , Liu Liang , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Liu Min , Guo Yanfeng , Wang Shanpeng , Wang Yilin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExchange bias (EB) in antiferromagnetic (AFM)/ferromagnetic heterostructures is crucial for the advancement of spintronic devices and has attracted significant attention. The common EB effect in van der Waals heterostructures features a low blocking temperature (Tb) and a single polarity. In this work, a significant EB effect with a Tb up to 150 K is observed in FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructures, and in particular, the EB exhibits an unusual temperature‐dependent polarity‐reversal behavior. Under a high positive field‐cooling condition (e.g., μ0H ≥ 0.5 T), a negative EB field (HEB) is observed at low temperatures, and with increasing temperature, the HEB crosses zero at ≈20 K, subsequently becomes positive and later approaches zero again at Tb. A model composed of a top FePS3/interfacial FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 sandwich structure is proposed. The charge transfer from Fe3GaTe2 to FePS3 at the interface induces net magnetic moments (∆M) in FePS3. The interface favors AFM coupling, and thus the reversal of ∆M of the interfacial FePS3 leads to the polarity‐reversal of EB. Moreover, the EB can be extended to the bare Fe3GaTe2 region of the Fe3GaTe2 flake partially covered by FePS3. This work provides opportunities for a deeper understanding of the EB effect and opens a new route toward constructing novel spintronic devices.
Superconductivity in Ternary Mg4Pd7As6
Authors: Świątek Hanna , Gutowska Sylwia , Winiarski Michał J. , Wiendlocha Bartlomiej , Klimczuk Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new compound Mg4Pd7As6, which is found to be a superconductor with Tc = 5.45 K is reported. Powder X‐ray diffraction confirms the U4Re7Si6 structure (space group Im‐3m, no. 229) with the lattice parameter a = 8.2572(1) Å. Magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements indicate that it is a moderate‐coupling (λ = 0.72) type‐II superconductor. The electronic and phonon structures are calculated, highlighting the importance of antibonding Pd–As interactions in determining the properties of this material. The calculated electron–phonon coupling parameter λ = 0.76 agrees very well with the experimental finding, which confirms the conventional pairing mechanism in Mg4Pd7As6.
Effects of Charge Imbalance on Field‐Induced Instability of HfO2‐Based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Han Chang‐Hyeon , Kim Jangsaeng , Koo Ryun‐Han , Min Kyung Kyu , Kwon Daewoong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFerroelectricity in hafnium‐based materials has attracted significant research attention and is used in various applications owing to their complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatibility, scalability, and low‐power operation. However, their widespread integration into various technologies is hindered by reliability and stability problems, particularly field‐induced instability, which causes fluctuations in polarization characteristics during operation. Herein, on the underlying mechanism of field‐induced instability is reported in pure hafnium oxide films within metal‐ferroelectric‐insulator‐semiconductor (MFIS) ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). The comprehensive material analysis combined with low‐frequency noise (LFN) measurements reveals that the presence of oxygen vacancies and interface traps within the ferroelectric and dielectric layers induces a charge imbalance in the FTJ, leading to distortion in its polarization characteristics and the onset of cyclic evolution in field‐induced instability. Furthermore, high‐pressure annealing effectively mitigates field‐induced instability by reducing the defects within the film, thereby alleviating the associated charge imbalance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the internal dynamics of FTJs and provide an efficient approach to enhancing their stability.
Strain Fluctuations Unlock Ferroelectricity in Wurtzites
Authors: Baksa Steven M. , Gelin Simon , Oturak Seda , Spurling R. Jackson , Sepehrinezhad Alireza , Jacques Leonard , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan E. , van Duin Adri C. T. , Maria Jon‐Paul , Rappe Andrew M. , Dabo Ismaila 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFerroelectrics are of practical interest for non‐volatile data storage due to their reorientable, crystallographically defined polarization. Yet efforts to integrate conventional ferroelectrics into ultrathin memories have been frustrated by film‐thickness limitations, which impede polarization reversal under low applied voltage. Wurtzite materials, including magnesium‐substituted zinc oxide (Zn,Mg)O, have been shown to exhibit scalable ferroelectricity as thin films. In this work, the origins of ferroelectricity in (Zn,Mg)O are explained, showing that large strain fluctuations emerge locally in (Zn,Mg)O and can reduce local barriers to ferroelectric switching by more than 40%. Concurrent experimental and computational evidence of these effects are provided by demonstrating polarization switching in ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O/ZnO heterostructures featuring built‐in interfacial strain gradients. These results open up an avenue to develop scalable ferroelectrics by controlling strain fluctuations atomistically.