bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adaptation of French liquids in Haitian
Authors: Storme Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Haitian, a French-lexifier creole with a Gbe substrate, shows an asymmetry in the way it has adapted French liquids: the French
lateral was maintained in postvocalic coda position in Haitian, but the French rhotic was systematically deleted in this position.
This paper presents the results of a perception study showing that the lateral is generally more perceptible than the rhotic in
coda position in Modern French. The hypothesis that perception played a role in the phonological asymmetry in Haitian is
compatible with these results. The paper sketches an analysis of how the perceptual asymmetry between French coda laterals and
rhotics resulted in the emergence of a new phonological grammar, distinct from both the grammar of the substrate and superstrate
languages. This analysis is in line with previous works on the role of perception in second language acquisition, loanword
adaptation, creolization, and sound change more generally.
Where the husbands stand
Authors: Ide Risako 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I analyse women’s interview narratives from the United States and Japan about their child rearing experiences to
examine how stance-taking towards their experiences and their family members manifest itself differently. Paying attention to the
narratives regarding their husbands’ role in child rearing, I examine how stance-taking may be perceived through overt and implied
references in the use of linguistic resources. With the American English data, I discuss how the shift of personal pronouns
combined with the discourse marker but create metaframes of the speakers’ stances, categorized as
“abstract/positive” and “concrete/negative.” In contrast, Japanese narratives revealed that women’s stance-taking towards their
husbands was marked through the concurrent usage of supportive giving verbs (-te kureru), indexing indebtedness
on the side of the women, as well as nominalization forms that categorized their partners as certain types of men based on shared
social expectations.
The effect of the audience on the spoken narrative of Chinese children
Authors: Wang Juan , Evangelou Maria , Xu Shanshan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the audience and narrator’s gender on spoken narratives produced by Chinese children.
Sixty typically developing five- and six-year-old children were evenly divided into three groups. Each group was assigned one
audience, being a teacher, a same-age peer, or a younger peer. The children were asked to view a wordless picture book and retell
the story to the audience. The results showed that the children tended to use more macrostructure elements when telling stories to
same-age peers, with boys using more macrostructure elements than girls. Girls used more words and more events when narrating to
younger peers, whereas boys used more words, more diverse words, and more evaluative language when narrating to teachers. In
addition, the children marked temporality more in narratives to younger peers than to same-age peers. The findings indicated that
the audience and narrator’s gender influence the narrative production of Chinese children.
Negation in narrative
Authors: Norrick Neal R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Negation in narrative has been described primarily as a resource for expressing evaluation, and secondarily in its role in
establishing orientation, but this article investigates a range of ways negated statements can contribute directly to complicating
action. Negation works through presupposition in the rhetorical figure of paralipsis with phrases like “to say nothing of.”
Reporting “I don’t see how she got in” presupposes that she got in. Semantic double negation in phrases like “never fail to”
contributes to the complicating action. Idiomatic negatives like “didn’t go out” and negatives matching expectations like “didn’t
go to sleep” mirror positive actions in the narrative model. Constructions coupling main clause negation with a positive embedded
clause produce statements entailing actions in the chain of events, as in “I couldn’t face going back.” Taken together, these
constructions provide powerful resources for contributing positively to the dynamic narrative model with negative statements.
Are you talking to me?
Authors: Walkington Zoe , Pike Graham , Strathie Ailsa , Havard Catriona , Ness Hayley , Harrison Virginia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Police use of social media has increased in the United Kingdom since 2008 (Crump, 2011),
yet there has been little qualitative exploration of how police-owned Facebook sites work to shape the identity of forces. This
study explores the action orientation of small stories on the Facebook site of a UK metropolitan police force. The research
considers the collaborative ways in which stories are positioned and constructed collectively by multiple narrators (both formal
police posts, and the commenting public). Given the ability of social media to enact identity through interaction, this research
explores how the identity of the police force is positioned, and repositioned, by social media activity. It concludes that both
the opportunity for dyadic interactions that may underpin effective community policing, and the potential benefits of harnessing
the opportunity for effective identity work, are currently being under utilised on police Facebook sites.
Figurative uses of the head-denoting wordsbaşandkafain Turkish idioms
Authors: Baş Melike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study analyzes the metaphoric and metonymic nature ofbaş/kafa‘head’ in Turkish idiomatic expressions from a cognitive linguistic perspective. The database for the study is composed of idioms containing the two head-denoting wordsbaşandkafa. Idioms and their definitions are analyzed in terms of their figurative uses of abstract concepts, and the conceptual metaphors and metonymies are identified. Findings are examined under five categories: head as the representative of the person, the seat of mental faculties, the locus of emotions, the sign of superiority/power, and the sign of value. The study proposes a cultural model in which the image schemaswhole-part,containmentandverticalityplay a key role, and reveals cross-cultural similarities and differences in the conceptualization ofhead. The study also provides further support for the embodiment thesis, and underscores the impact of cultural processes in shaping the way the body is conceptualized.
Atenuación retrospectiva y reformuladores de distanciamiento como recursos suyos
Authors: Sánchez Manuel Martí , Gómiz Sara Fernández 
Published: October 2018

Abstracto
Este artículo se organiza en dos partes. La primera es una introducción acerca de las propiedades fundamentales de la atenuación y su clasificación, que permitirá plantearse el problema de los límites de la atenuación. De acuerdo con la teoría de S. Fernández Gómiz (2017), la segunda parte analiza una atenuación poco atendida: la atenuación retrospectiva. En este análisis, se pone el foco en los reformuladores de distanciamiento, como recursos ligados a la atenuación retrospectiva y a la táctica de la autorreparación. Finalmente, esta base teórica se llevará a la descripción de un corpus de tuits compilado en 2015.
Atenuación, género discursivo e imagen
Authors: Figueras Bates Carolina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoLa imagen constituye un fenómeno que puede abordarse desde múltiples perspectivas y que involucra distintos componentes de carácter cognitivo, psicológico, social, cultural e interpersonal. El presente trabajo persigue un doble objetivo: por una parte, ofrecer una definición multidimensional e interdisciplinar de la imagen que resulte aplicable al estudio de determinadas operaciones pragmáticas, como la atenuación lingüística; por otra, establecer la relación entre género discursivo e imagen, a partir del examen de las estrategias de atenuación en cinco géneros distintos (conversación coloquial, artículos académicos, foros en línea, mesa redonda de expertos en TV y debates presidenciales). El análisis revela que los mecanismos lingüísticos de atenuación constituyen índices de los atributos individuales de la imagen reclamados por los participantes en cada modalidad discursiva.
La variación genérico-discursiva de la atenuación como resultado de la variación de la imagen
Authors: Albelda Marco Marta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoEl presente trabajo investiga en qué medida la atención a la imagen social incide en la expresión de la atenuación. Para ello se realiza un estudio de los mecanismos atenuantes en cinco géneros discursivos seleccionados por su diferente tratamiento de la imagen: artículos de investigación, foros de comunicación en línea, conversaciones coloquiales, mesas redondas de discusión de expertos y debates políticos. Los resultados muestran variación tanto en las formas empleadas como en las funciones atenuantes, de acuerdo con las diferentes necesidades de imagen que origina cada género. Ello constituye un fuerte argumento a favor de la implicación de la noción de imagen en la caracterización de la atenuación.
Tone assignment and grammatical tone in Anal (Tibeto-Burman)
Authors: Ozerov Pavel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComplex phenomena of grammatical tone, well-described for many African languages, are increasingly attested also in the Tibeto-Burman family. This paper describes the tone assignment rule and two cases of tonal expression of grammatical categories in the Tibeto-Burman language Anal. The typologically unusual rule involves tone spreading, tonal polarity on a non-edge constituent and additional spreading, resulting in constant tonal patterns across grammatical suffixes. In two different cases the combination of the tonal pattern assigned by this rule with peculiar morpho-tonological processes results in a marking of a grammatical category (future and 1sg-person) by grammatical tone, by vowel-length, or only by the overall tonal pattern of the verbal form. Both cases are related to the omission of an explicit marking of the category, although the outcome cannot be explained only by the concept of a floating tone.
Cyclic renewal of demonstratives
Authors: Vindenes Urd 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDemonstratives, broadly defined as a subclass of deictic expressions used for exophoric reference, do not develop through direct grammaticalization (Diessel 1999: 150). The renewal of demonstratives, and the mechanisms and motivations underlying such processes, have not received as much attention as the related negative cycle.Greenberg’s (1978)observation that demonstratives are often replaced by reinforced forms might shed light on this diachronic process, and this study aims to explore this phenomenon further, as well as its connection with grammaticalization. Reinforcement of demonstratives can lead to the development of new demonstratives, which may catalyze the grammaticalization of old ones through paradigmatic competition (niche competition). The analysis presented here sees reinforcement as a possible driving force behind grammaticalization, and not vice versa, as suggested in Diessel (2006: 474) and van Gelderen (2011: 210), among others.
On the diminutive morpheme -gama in Ikema, a Ryukyuan language
Authors: Fujinaga Kiyono 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ikema is defined as ‘definitely endangered’ by UNESCO (2009). The study examines an evaluative morpheme -gama used by old Ikema speakers aged 64 to 86 when speaking between Ikema speakers and when speaking Standard Japanese with outsiders. Descriptive grammar of Ikema (Hayashi 2010; Hayashi 2013

inter alia) has treated -gama as diminutive morpheme, representing smallness such as tui-gama ‘small bird’ or showing the affections to the base noun. The observations on naturally occurring data, however, revealed that the Ikema speakers barely used -gama by means of describing smallness: the most frequent use of -gama was found to be non-supplementary (Shetter 1959) and carries various socio-pragmatic functions. The related meanings/functions of -gama are presented in radial category (Lakoff 1987).
NGT classifier constructions
Authors: de Lint Vanja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper seeks to find empirical evidence for categorical associations between classifier types and argument structure in Sign Language of the Netherlands (Nederlandse Gebarentaal – NGT), based on an influential proposal byBenedicto & Brentari (2004). In the light of (sign) language typology and possible modality effects, it is of interest to investigate whether the morpho-phonological similarities of sign language classifier predicates are associated with the same syntactic-semantic properties cross-linguistically. This paper offers three additions to the quest: data from another sign language, an empirical approach, and a more fine-grained distinction of verb types. In an elicitation study, signers produced classifier descriptions of verbs with different argument structures. Their responses were analyzed for phonological handshape and classifier type. Based on the results, I conclude that (i) NGT classifier constructions show categorical associations between argument structure and classifier type, that (ii) specifically, NGT handling and whole entity classifier predicates may take part in a transitive-intransitive alternation, and that (iii) with respect to NGT classifier constructions, we need to distinguish manner verbs from causative verbs.
Wh-clefts as evidence of resultatives in ASL
Authors: Kentner Ashley , Wilbur Ronnie B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe status of syntactic resultative constructions has been disputed in the American Sign Language (ASL) literature. These are single sentences such as “Mary hammered the metal flat,” where two predicates share the same object and an event (hammered) causes the affected object (the metal) to change state (flat)as a result. While not all languages permit such constructions, this study shows that (several) alternate multi-sentential analyses can be ruled out. WH-clefts are used to provide a test for independent clausal boundaries, providing additional support that American Sign Language (ASL) permits resultative constructions. We also observe possible word order variations and note common features of the result predicates in these constructions.
Using digital media to measure diet.
Authors: Allman-Farinelli M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The assessment of dietary intake with food records has traditionally been a burdensome experience for both the person keeping the records and the dietitian/nutritionist analysing the record. The advent of Smartphones with high-resolution cameras, the ability to run apps and internet connections has enabled developments in the field. Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles from 2013 to present to synthesize this review. The digital methods for dietary assessment fall into three categories: apps that require digital entry of foods (researcher and commercial); digital images; and image-assisted methods. All categories have advanced substantially. Researcher apps have shown good agreement between energy and food intakes when compared with a 24-hour dietary recall but no biomarker studies were located. Commercial apps can yield valid results for energy but when used in the community with uncontrolled conditions significant omission of foods and underestimation occurs. Digital image methods whereby the participant's photos with or without audio or text messages are submitted to the researchers' server are increasingly being used. Some of these methods have been tested by comparison with energy intake estimated from doubly labelled water and demonstrate promising results. This accuracy combined with user acceptability likely means this will become the preferred method for prospective food records. Continuous capture of images is being employed to complement other methods of dietary intake that mostly underestimate energy and food intake. The potential of these new methods of capturing accurate food intake data is yet to be fully realized.
The limits of instrumentalizing disorder: Reassessing the neopatrimonial perspective in the Central African Republic
Authors: de Vries Lotje , Mehler Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Assumptions about the political economy of African states predominantly centre on a dominant elite’s ability to stabilize power. A key assertion is that elites maintain clientelistic networks of rents and redistribution and in turn extend their control over their respective territories by instrumentalizing disorder. We challenge the assumption that disorder plays such a functional role. Largely drawing on data and fieldwork from the Central African Republic, we demonstrate the profoundly unproductive consequences of disorder that tend to be overlooked through current approaches to the political economy of African countries. We investigate how disorder impacts three dimensions of effective politics of domination: a set of elite groups that structure power in society, a political economy that redistributes its benefits through formal and informal networks, and the existence of functional centre–periphery ties across a territory. The article shows with regard to the Central African Republic that disorder has produced a small political elite that is largely unable to stabilize its power basis. We argue that certain African states are subject to forms of disorder that political elites cannot turn into an advantage.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: characterization of subpopulations of macrophages and cytokines in human mucosal lesions
Authors: Pagliari C , Kanashiro-Galo L , Jesus A C C , Saldanha M G , Sotto M N 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMucosal lesions of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are frequently described and clinically important. Macrophages are classified as M1 or M2. M1 are proinflammatory and M2 are related to chronicity. Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucan and plays an important role against fungal cells. The objective was to verify the presence of M1, M2, and dectin-1 and a possible correlation with Th1/Th2 cytokines in mucosal PCM lesions. In sum, 33 biopsies of oral PCM were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis, and positive cells were quantified. Eleven biopsies were characterized by compact granulomas (G1), 12 with loose granulomas (G2), and 10 with both kind of granulomas (G3). pSTAT-1 was equally increased in the three groups. G1 was characterized by an increased number of CD163+ macrophages. G2 presented similar number of arginase 1, iNOS, and CD163 expressing cells. G3 presented an increased number of cells expressing arginase 1 and CD163 over iNOS. G1 and G3 presented high number of cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ; interleukin (IL) 5 was increased in G2 and G3; the expression of IL10 was similar among the three groups, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was higher in G3. G1 correlates to Th1 cytokines and pSTAT-1 and G2 correlates to Th2 cytokines. G3 presents both kinds of cytokines. We could not associate the expression of arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, and dectin-1 with the pattern of cytokines or kind of granuloma.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: an update on subgroups, pathogenesis and therapies
Authors: Segelmark Mårten , Hellmark Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Most patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease present with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary haemorrhage; however, there are several variants and vigilance is necessary to make a correct diagnosis. Such variants include overlap with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated vasculitis and membranous nephropathy as well as anti-GBM occurring de novo after renal transplantation. Moreover, patients can present with isolated pulmonary haemorrhage as well as with negative tests for circulating anti-GBM. Virtually all patients with anti-GBM disease have autoantibodies that react with two discrete epitopes on the α3 chain of type IV collagen. Recent evidence suggests that healthy persons have low-affinity natural antibodies reacting with the same epitopes, but most people are protected from developing disease-causing high-affinity autoantibodies by human leukocyte antigen-dependent regulatory T-cells (Tregs). The α3 chain-derived peptides presented by the HLA-DR15 antigen lack the ability to promote the development of such Tregs. The detection of anti-GBM in circulation using the rapid assay test has led to early diagnosis and improved prognosis. However, our present tools to curb the inflammation and to eliminate the assaulting antibodies are insufficient. Only about one-third of all patients survive with functioning native kidneys. More effective therapies need to be developed; agents that inhibit neutrophil recruitment, deplete B cells and cleave immunoglobulin G (IgG) in vivo may become new weapons in the arsenal to combat anti-GBM disease.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Role of Surgery in the Management of Adults With Metastatic Brain Tumors
Authors: Nahed Brian V , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Brastianos Priscilla K , Shih Helen , Sloan Andrew , Ammirati Mario , Kuo John S , Ryken Timothy C , Kalkanis Steven N , Olson Jeffrey J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Please see the full-text version of this guideline https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_2) for the target population of each recommendation listed below.

SURGERY FOR METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS AT NEW DIAGNOSIS

QUESTION: Should patients with newly diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)?

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level 1: Surgery + WBRT is recommended as first-line treatment in patients with single brain metastases with favorable performance status and limited extracranial disease to extend overall survival, median survival, and local control.

Level 3: Surgery plus SRS is recommended to provide survival benefit in patients with metastatic brain tumors

Level 3: Multimodal treatments including either surgery + WBRT + SRS boost or surgery + WBRT are recommended as alternatives to WBRT + SRS in terms of providing overall survival and local control benefits.

SURGERY AND RADIATION FOR METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS

QUESTION: Should patients with newly diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo surgical resection followed by WBRT, SRS, or another combination of these modalities?

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level 1: Surgery + WBRT is recommended as superior treatment to WBRT alone in patients with single brain metastases.

Level 3: Surgery + SRS is recommended as an alternative to treatment with SRS alone to benefit overall survival.

Level 3: It is recommended that SRS alone be considered equivalent to surgery + WBRT.

SURGERY FOR RECURRENT METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS

QUESTION: Should patients with recurrent metastatic brain tumors undergo surgical resection?

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level 3: Craniotomy is recommended as a treatment for intracranial recurrence after initial surgery or SRS.

SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND RECURRENCE

QUESTION A: Does the surgical technique (en bloc resection or piecemeal resection) affect recurrence?

RECOMMENDATION:
Level 3: En bloc tumor resection, as opposed to piecemeal resection, is recommended to decrease the risk of postoperative leptomeningeal disease when resecting single brain metastases.

QUESTION B: Does the extent of surgical resection (gross total resection or subtotal resection) affect recurrence?

RECOMMENDATION:
Level 3: Gross total resection is recommended over subtotal resection in recursive partitioning analysis class I patients to improve overall survival and prolong time to recurrence.
The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_2.