bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Genomic Sequence Anonymity with Generalization Lattices
Authors: Malin B. A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Current genomic privacy technologies assume the identity of genomic sequence data is protected if personal information, such as demographics, are obscured, removed, or encrypted. While demographic features can directly compromise an individual’s identity, recent research demonstrates such protections are insufficient because sequence data itself is susceptible to re-identification. To counteract this problem, we introduce an algorithm for anonymizing a collection of person-specific DNA sequences.

Methods:
The technique is termed DNA lattice an-onymization (DNALA), and is based upon the formal privacy protection schema of k-anonymity. Under this model, it is impossible to observe or learn features that distinguish one genetic sequence from k-1 other entries in a collection. To maximize information retained in protected sequences, we incorporate a concept generalization lattice to learn the distance between two residues in a single nucleotide region. The lattice provides the most similar generalized concept for two residues (e.g. adenine and guanine are both purines).

Results:
The method is tested and evaluated with several publicly available human population datasets ranging in size from 30 to 400 sequences. Our findings imply the anonymization schema is feasible for the protection of sequences privacy.

Conclusions:
The DNALA method is the first computational disclosure control technique for general DNA sequences. Given the computational nature of the method, guarantees of anonymity can be formally proven. There is room for improvement and validation, though this research provides the groundwork from which future researchers can construct genomics anonymization schemas tailored to specific data-sharing scenarios.
Attitudes towards Information System Security among Physicians in Croatia
Authors: Kern J. , Švab I. , Markota M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:To examine attitudes about information system security among Croatian physicians a cross-sectional study was performed on a representative sample of 800 Croatian physicians. An anonymous questionnaire comprising 21 questions was distributed and statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test. A 76.2% response rate was obtained. The majority of respondents (85.8%) believe that information system security is a new area in their work. In general, physicians are not informed about European directives, conventions, recommendations, etc. Only a small number of physicians use personal computers at work (29%). Those physicians who have a personal computer use it mainly for administrative reasons. Most health-care institutions (89%) do not have a security manual and the area of information system security is left to individual interest and initiative. Only 25% of physicians who have a personal computer use any type of password. A high percentage of physicians (22%) has never thought about the problem of personal data being used by organizations (e.g. police, banks) without legal background; a small, but still significant percentage of physicians (5.6%) has even agreed with such use. Results indicate that for the vast majority of physicians, information system security is a new area in their daily work, one which is left to individual interest and initiative. They are not familiar with the ethical, technical and legal backgrounds which have been defined for that area within the Council of Europe and the European Union. New aspects: This is the first study performed in Central and Eastern Europe dealing with information system security, performed on a representative nationwide sample of all the physicians.
Advantages of Long Observation in Episode-oriented Electronic Patient Records in Family Practice
Authors: Groen A. , Oskam S. K. , Lamberts H. , Okkes I. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:From 1985–2000, 58 Dutch family physicians (FPs) of the Transition Project collected ICPC-coded data on 47, 2451 episodes of care, first in paper records for direct encounters only, later with a complete electronic patient record (EPR) for all (direct and indirect) encounters. Based on these data, the effects of a long observation period and the inclusion of all encounters (both direct and indirect) in the EPR were studied. Long observation periods in EPRs appear to have important advantages for patient documentation and the assessment of the content of family practice. Comparison of data from a one-year versus a four-year observation period showed a shift in utilization rates. In a long observation period, visiting patients appeared to make less demand on care, while the content of the FP’s care for selected chronic diseases was reflected more realistically. The inclusion of all indirect encounters in an EPR (as compared to the previous inclusion of direct encounters only) resulted in more than twice the number of coded entries per listed patient, and thus led to a major shift in perspective on the FP’s involvement in patient care.
Retrieval-Oriented Design of Clinical Research Forms
Authors: Eigenbauer E. , Rasoul-Rockenschaub S. , Gall W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Computerized clinical forms are subject to a wide variety of different requirements. They have to allow detailed documentation and must be user-friendly. State-of-the-art applications for design permit clinicians themselves to create their own forms as needed, with the various variables presented in different ways depending on their intended use. Often, however, only aspects of clinical documentation are considered, with no thought being given to subsequent data retrieval. This article presents guidelines for the retrieval-oriented design of clinical forms. It discusses where anticipatory measures for structuring forms are easier to accomplish than complex data linkage at the time of retrieval and analysis.
3D-VIEWER: An Atlas-Based System for Individual and Statistical Investigations of the Human Brain
Authors: Pohl G. , Keyserlingk D. Graf , Berks G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:3D-VIEWER is a new software tool for neurosurgical planning and population studies. It is based on digitized three-dimensional brain atlases derived from standard stereotactic atlases that can be adapted to an individual’s brain and shown as a series of displayed images. If the patient’s brain has been imaged in different modalities, the standardized anatomical information can be adapted to the individual images, which will bring the images into registration. The 3D-VIEWER can be used as a tool for combining multimodal information from the same patient. In addition, several tools are available that allow oblique views of anatomical structures or the view along the intended trajectory during a neurosurgical intervention. Furthermore, using the atlas transformation matrices, anatomical information can be determined when comparing an individual’s brain to the anatomy of the atlas brain. Thus, standardized anatomical information from the atlas can be introduced into individual images. This standardization is used to perform individual-group and group-by-group comparisons between patients and normal controls in anatomical studies.
Internet-Based Physician’s Workbench as User Interface for a Central Medical Case Repository
Authors: Baranov A. E. , Fliedner T. M. , Mall H. , Engelke A. , Densow D. , Kindler H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo World Health Organization Radiation Medical Emergency Preparedness and Assistance Network centers have constructed a standardized central repository of acute radiation syndrome case histories. The case histories are stored on a database server. Radiation protection centers can remotely access the database by user-friendly client software over the Internet. Physicians can use the medical information system to retrieve similar case histories for decision support, to improve their medical knowledge by inspecting real case histories, and for research on the acute radiation syndrome. The system architecture is presented and it is shown in detail how the information system can be employed to deliver medical decision support. Dialogue-response times over narrow-bandwidth Internet connections are better than when using conventional World-Wide-Web technology. However, the latter does not require the installation of client software other than a browser. A JavaTM applet as client could combine the advantages of the two approaches.
Evaluation of General Practice Computer Templates
Authors: See Tai S. , Donegan C. , Haines A. , Nazareth I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe conducted a pilot randomised trial of computerised templates for the management of asthma and diabetes in general practice in six general practices in North London. Uptake of the guidelines by general practitioners and practice nurses was assessed using qualitative (semi-structured interviews designed to assess the users’ views) and quantitative (change in use of the template during the study period) outcome measures. The practice nurses used the templates frequently but general practitioners rarely used them. Several reasons were offered for non-use of the templates, such as the length of the template and non-involvement in the care of asthma or diabetes. Despite this, however, health professionals were favourably disposed to the use of templates for general clinical care. Pilot investigations of computerised templates are best achieved by observational or quasi-experimental methods rather than a randomised controlled trial. The use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in this study allowed exploration of the barriers to use of computers.
Perceptions of Physician Order Entry: Results of a Cross-Site Qualitative Study
Authors: Gorman P. N. , Lavelle M. , Stavri P. Z. , Lyman J. , Fournier L. , Carpenter J. , Ash J. S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective: To identify perspectives of success factors for implementing computerized physician order entry (POE) in the inpatient setting.
Design: Qualitative study by a multidisciplinary team using data from observation, focus groups, and both formal and informal interviews. Data were analyzed using a grounded approach to develop a taxonomy of patterns and themes from the transcripts and field notes.
Results: A taxonomy of ten high level themes was developed, including 1) separating POE from other processes, 2) terms, concepts, and connotations, 3) context, 4) tradeoffs, 5) conflicts and contradictions, 6) collaboration and trust, 7) leaders and bridgers, 8) the organization of information, 9) the ongoing nature of implementation, and 10) temporal concerns.
Conclusion: The identified success factors indicate that POE implementation is an iterative and difficult process, but informants perceive it is worth the effort.
Cognitive Tools in Medical Teamwork: The Spatial Arrangement of Patient Records
Authors: Timpka T. , Bång M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: As a preliminary for the design of Computer-Based Patient Records, the aim of this paper is to build an understanding of the roles physical artifacts like paper-based patient records play in supporting cognition and collaboration in the health-care settings.
Method: A small ethnographically-informed study was conducted in the emergency room at a 250-bed hospital in Sweden from the perspective of Distributed Cognition.
Results: To track work-in-progress, clinicians placed patient records on a desk to form a shared public display that represented the current problem state for the health-care team. The results of the study suggest that the patient records and other physical artifacts are used by clinicians in different ways to form cognitive tools that offload memory tasks and support joint attention and collaboration.
Conclusion: To design Computer-Based Patient Records that more appropriately support cognition and teamwork, it is important to investigate how clinicians make use of the paper-based patient records. Practitioners take advantage of existing tools frequently to deal with cognitively demanding tasks and collaboration issues.
An Activity-Theoretical Method for Studying User Participation in IS Design
Authors: Lehenkari J. , Hyysalo S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: This paper aims to present an activity-theoretical method for studying the effects of user participation in IS development.
Methods: This method is developed through a case study of the process of designing a diabetes database.
Results and Conclusions: The method consists of a historical analysis of the design process, an ethno-graphical study of the use of the database, and researcher-driven interventions into the on-going user-producer interaction. In the historical analysis, we study particularly which user groups of the database have influenced the design work and which perspectives need to be incorporated into the design in the near future. An analytical model consisting of perspectives on local design, particular technology, and societal domain is introduced as a conceptual tool for this analysis. We also introduce the possibility of employing the historical analysis in guiding an ethno-graphical study of the user sites and researcher-driven interventions, which provide the participants with tools for improving their design process.
The ‘Seamless Web’: The Development of the Electronic Patient Record in Aarhus Region, Denmark
Authors: Jensen C. B. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: The article surveys the organization of the current project to develop an electronic patient record in the Aarhus Region, Denmark.
Methods: The article is based on various policy documents and reports as well as a number of semi-structured interviews with project managers from the EPR organization in Aarhus County and with participants in the development process at local hospitals. This material is used to present and discuss the framing of the project in a ‘discourse coalition’. Results: The stabilization of a specific discourse coalition has been an important factor in ensuring the success of the development project up to the present moment. This coalition became relatively stable by integrating a diverse set of actors in a story-line about the relationships between cooperation, management and technology in the medial sector, and has influenced the modular organization of the project.
Conclusions: The successful maintenance of the discourse coalition allows the project to appear ‘seamless’ from the outside. Conversely, the project is likely to be continually reviewed as successful only to the extent that it is able to flexibly keep the fluctuating set of relevant actors in alignment. If the practical work of keeping a coalition in place remains invisible it becomes easy to imagine an ideal way of planning large socio-technical projects, like developing an ECR. But practical success is more likely to be achieved if one takes seriously the thorough intertwining of discursive, organizational and technical aspects of development projects.
Integrating Health Information Systems: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Monteiro E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: The aim of this paper is to critically assess some of the underlying assumptions behind these initiatives and analyze the dominant expressions, forms and mechanisms of integration.
Methods: This paper employs a discourse analysis to elicit the notion of integration of information systems and its consequences for electronic patient record systems.
Results and Conclusions: An alternative strategy is outlined, encouraging a more decentralized, multi-vocal approach acknowledging the productive role of related and duplicated information and preserving the existing variety of information systems.
Intraindividual Specificity and Stability of Human EEG: Comparing a Linear vs a Nonlinear Approach
Authors: Schmid G. B. , Stassen H. H. , Dünki R. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:We have applied the so-called “unfolding dimension approach’’ to reanalyze an earlier longitudinal EEG study. Both linear and nonlinear approaches show that the EEG comprises a static, person-specific part upon which nonstatic and state-specific parts are superimposed. The intraindivi-dual specificity and stability of the genetic part are similar between methods. This is assessed by comparing the outcome of a person to his own outcomes at later times (14 days and 5 years later). The nonlinear method revealed a median correlation coefficient = 0.55, whereas advanced linear methods showed a median = 0.84. An apparent effect for the 5-year interval was detected with the nonlinear method and is discussed in terms of the different assumptions of the two approaches concerning EEG signal generation.
Non-stationary Myoelectric Signals and Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Scott R. N. , MacIsaac D. , Parker P. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:A mathematical derivation for the mean frequency of a myoelectric signal (MES) is provided based on an amplitude modulation model for non-stationary MES. With this derivation, it is shown that mean frequency estimates of stationary and non-stationary myoelectric signals theoretically are not significantly different in a physiologically practical context. While this prediction is confirmed via a computer simulation, it is refuted with empirical evidence. Regardless, it is shown in a final study that mean frequency is capable of tracking a downward shift in the power spectrum with fatigue even in non-stationary myoelectric signals.
Neurologial Interpretations and the Information in the Cognitive Pupillary Response
Authors: Zimmerman S. , O’Neill W. D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:It has been known for 70 years that the human pupil dilates when a person responds to a cognitive task. Further, it is known that parasympathetic pupillary innervation decreases with raised attention state while sympathetic innervation increases. But the information the pupil transmits during elevated attention states about such neurological dynamics and a quantitative measure of this information have defied statistical modelling. Now we describe experiments using a short-term memory task called an acoustic impulse test in which the pupillary dynamics in response to random acoustic impulses are recorded with a high resolution (0.01mm) pupillometer with the result that parasympathetic and sympathetic pupillary dilation components are quantifiable, as is the information transmitted by these components.
Clinical Data Retrieval: 25 Years of Temporal Query Management at the University of Vienna Medical School
Authors: Gall W. , Duftschmid G. , Dorda W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Today, many clinical information systems include analysis components which allow clinicians to apply a selection of predefined statistical functions that satisfy typical cases. They are mostly to inflexible to handle complex, non-standard problems, however. The focus of this paper, therefore, is to present an approach that enables clinicians to autonomously create ad hoc queries including temporal relations in an interactive environment.

Methods:
We developed the query language AMAS, which was specifically customized for users from the medical domain to flexibly retrieve and interpret temporal, clinical data. AMAS provides for a significant temporal expressiveness in data retrieval using timestamped clinical databases and relies on an operator-operand concept for the specification of a query.

Results:
Within the last 25 years, four different clinical retrieval systems have been implemented at the Department of Medical Computer Sciences, based on the AMAS query language. Currently, these systems allow access to the medical records of more than 2 million patients. Physicians of 46 different departments at the University of Vienna and Graz Medical Schools have made extensive use of these systems in the course of clinical research and patient care, executing more than 10.000 queries per year.

Conclusions:
We discuss a list of 20 issues that represent the most essential lessons we have learned in the development of the four systems mentioned above. Amongst others, our experiences indicate that the operator-operand concept allows an intuitive specification of complex, temporal queries. Further, customization to different user classes, based on their statistical background, is essential.
Estimation of Age-specific Reference Intervals for Skewed Data
Authors: Moussa M. A. A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
To compare Cole’s LMS method with Wright and Royston’s Exponential-Normal (EN) method for estimating reference intervals and generating smooth centile curves for the body mass index (weight in kg/height in meters squared) measurements of children aged 6 to 13 years.

Methods:
In the LMS method, the parameters L (the power needed to normalize the data), M (median) and S (coefficient of variation) are modeled as smoothed fits of maximum likelihood estimates. In the Exponential-Normal method, the three parameters mean, standard deviation and skewness are estimated separately using multiple regression techniques.

Results:
The centiles generated by the LMS and EN methods are close in most of the age groups. The 2.5th and 97.5th quantiles of the interval of the differences between the loss function scores of the LMS and EN methods calculated by bootstrap was found to include zero, indicating that the difference in loss function scores of the two methods is random and not systematic.

Conclusions:
The two methods are simple to use and generate comparable centile curves.
A Resource Server for Medical Training
Authors: Darmoni S. , Souf N. , Dufresne E. , Beuscart R. , Brunetaud J. M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
We have developed a RESOURCE SERVER to collect and store various elements used by a professor during his lecture.

Methods:
The server manages four types of objects: ELEMENTS, RESOURCES (set of elements referring to a given topic), INDEXES (to organize the resources for further search and use), and USERS (to identify providers, users, and access rights). If an ELEMENT s modified, the RESOURCE is automatically updated.

Results:
An example (preparation of an anatomy lecture) explains how the RESOURCE SERVER works in three steps: organization of the training material, indexing, and retrieval.

Conclusions:
The RESOURCE SERVER will help instructors develop, update and share pedagogic resources for supporting their training courses, lessons and conferences. Moreover, these techniques, based on Internet technologies for easy handling of and access to these resources, allow local and distant access. Within the general framework of the French-speaking Virtual Medical University, the RESOURCE SERVER will represent an important link between data collection and its use in intelligent pedagogic training.