bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a forward view antenna for prostate imaging at 7 T
Authors: Steensma Bart R. , Voogt Ingmar , van der Werf Abe J. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Raaijmakers Alexander J.E. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeTo design a forward view antenna for prostate imaging at 7 T, which is placed between the legs of the subject in addition to a dipole array.Materials and methodsThe forward view antenna is realized by placing a cross‐dipole antenna at the end of a small rectangular waveguide. Quadrature drive of the cross‐dipole can excite a circularly polarized wave propagating along the axial direction to and from the prostate region. Functioning of the forward view antenna is validated by comparing measurements and simulations. Antenna performance is evaluated by numerical simulations and measurements at 7 T.ResultsSimulations of B1+ on a phantom are in good correspondence with measurements. Simulations on a human model indicate that the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency and SAR increase when adding the forward view antenna to a previously published dipole array. The SNR increases by up to 18% when adding the forward view antenna as a receive antenna to an eight‐channel dipole array in vivo.ConclusionsA design for a forward view antenna is presented and evaluated. SNR improvements up to 18% are demonstrated when adding the forward view antenna to a dipole array.
Maternal peripartum antibiotic exposure and the risk of postpartum depression
Authors: Murphy Jordan R. , Paul Sudeshna , Dunlop Anne L. , Corwin Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPostpartum depression is a relatively common occurrence that may carry lifelong consequences. Also common is the exposure of pregnant and postpartum women in the United States to antibiotics, especially during the peripartum period. Antibiotic exposure is known to alter gut microbial composition and structure, contributing to a dysbiotic, or imbalanced gut microbiome, and is a mechanism suggested for the increased risk of depressive symptoms following antibiotic exposure in non‐pregnant, non‐postpartum populations. We sought to determine the relationship between antibiotic exposure intrapartum through the first 14 days postpartum and depressive symptoms within the first 6‐months postpartum. In this secondary data analysis, 124 pregnant women from a prospective cohort were enrolled into the study and provided demographic characteristics and health history. Participants completed questionnaires including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale between 32–36 weeks, and 1‐ and 2‐weeks and 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐months postpartum. Clinical measures including hours in labor, perineal injury, and mode of giving birth were ascertained by medical record abstraction. Antibiotic exposure was identified by self‐report at 1‐ and 2‐weeks postpartum. Antibiotic exposure was found to be independently predictive of postpartum depressive symptoms at 1‐month (Beta = 0.43; CI [0.01, 0.86]) and 2‐months (Beta = 0.51; CI [0.08, 0.94]) postpartum after controlling for baseline predictors. The relationship between antibiotic exposure and postpartum depressive symptoms did not maintain significance at 3‐ or 6‐months postpartum. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between onset and duration of antibiotic exposure, the peripartum gut microbiome, and the risk for postpartum depressive symptoms.
Improved feedback linearization control based on PSO optimization of an extended Kalman filter
Authors: Medjghou Ali , Ghanai Mouna , Chafaa Kheireddine 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA robust nonlinear controller based on an improved feedback linearization technique with state observer in presence of uncertainties and external disturbances is developed for a class of nonlinear systems. First, by combining classical feedback linearization approach with a robust control term and a fuzzy logic system, we design and study an efficient controller for such systems. Second, we propose an optimized extended Kalman filter for the observation of the states. The parameters to be optimized are the covariance matricesQandG, which play an important role in the extended Kalman filter performances. This optimization is insured by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The Lyapunov synthesis approach is used to prove the stability of the whole control loop. The proposed approach is simulated on a nonlinear inverted‐pendulum system. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme and exhibit a more superior performance than its conventional counterpart.
Optimizing an algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in German claims data
Authors: Wentzell Nadine , Schink Tania , Haug Ulrike , Ulrich Sandra , Niemeyer Marieke , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeFor studying drug utilization and safety in pregnancy based on administrative health care data, the reliable identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in the data is essential. We aimed to optimize an existing algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) with a particular focus on births.MethodsWe reconsidered all codes used by the original algorithm and applied it to data of GePaRD from 2006 to 2014. Longitudinal records of pregnancies were used to identify targets for enhancing the algorithm's specificity. We checked the plausibility of the results, eg, regarding the age distribution of persons with pregnancy outcomes. Based on 20 longitudinal records of pregnancies, we compared the outcome classification by clinical experts with the results of the modified algorithm.ResultsOur algorithm identified 1 235 261 pregnancy outcomes in the database, with the majority (94%) being live births, classified as preterm (10%), term (78%), and (12%) births after the expected delivery date. The median age of pregnant women was 32 years (Q1 28; Q3 35). Implausible sequence of outcomes (for example, an induced abortion within a pregnancy categorized as ending in a live birth) were rare (0.03%). The case profile review by clinical experts resulted in the same outcome type and date as the algorithm in 95%.ConclusionsOur algorithm led to plausible results regarding the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes. It will be an important foundation for studies on drug utilization and drug safety during pregnancy based on GePaRD.
A working definition and conceptual model of internationalization for school and educational psychology
Authors: Begeny John C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInternationalization has been described as a moral, intellectual, and professional imperative for psychology and its subdisciplines. Numerous scholars within and outside of psychology have been discussing the meaning and importance of internationalization, but the descriptions, definitions, and goals described within the existing literature vary. Furthermore, many authors have used the term “internationalization” without providing any description or definition at all, as is likewise the case with the school and educational psychology scholarship. The central purpose of this paper is to propose a working definition, set of potential goals, and conceptual model of internationalization that has relevance for school and educational psychology. As discussed in the paper, the ideas presented are meant to stimulate opportunities for dialogue, reflection, and critique among a global community of scholars and practitioners—they are not presented with the viewpoint that they ought to be adopted. Within the conceptual model, it is argued, for example, that intentionality, inclusivity, reciprocity, and consideration of goals will help to support internationalization efforts. Proposed goals include relatively more immediate objectives (e.g., enhancing internationally representative scholarship, improving discipline‐relevant advocacy and support efforts) that should help to enable broader internationalization goals (e.g., offering the most effective services to those supported by the international community of school and educational psychologists). The conceptual model is also discussed in the context of existing discipline‐specific research and areas of scholarship that are relatively scarce. The paper concludes by describing limitations, considerations, and potential future efforts relevant to definitions and conceptualizations of internationalization.
Effect of solvation of ionic liquid on Brønsted acid‐catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization of indanones and related cyclic ketones
Authors: Okazaki Takao , Nakanishi Ryota , Kitagawa Toshikazu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAldol cyclotrimerization of 1‐indanone afforded truxene in ionic liquid [BMIM][Tf2N] in the presence of p‐TsOH as a Brønsted acid catalyst. Truxene was easily isolated by filtration, and the ionic liquid containing p‐TsOH could be reused. Cyclic ketones such as 2‐indanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone successfully gave aldol cyclotrimerization products in ionic liquid. The reaction mechanism for the cyclotrimerization of 1‐indanone was assessed by the DFT calculations with the polarizable continuum model. The reaction involves 3 C─C bond forming steps: the first aldol reaction of 1‐indanone, the second aldol reaction of a dimer, and 6π‐electrocyclization of a trimer, whose transition states were computed to be energetically the highest in the entire reaction sequence. The second aldol reaction is considered to proceed through 2 alternative pathways: a nucleophilic addition of inden‐1‐ol to O‐protonated 2‐(1‐indanylidene)‐1‐indanone and a nucleophilic addition of 2‐(1‐indenyl)inden‐1‐ol to O‐protonated 1‐indanone. The transition state of the latter pathway was estimated to be energetically favored over that of the former by 3 kcal/mol, suggesting that the second aldol condensation proceeds by the latter pathway according to the Curtin‐Hammett principle. Stabilization by aromatization at the final step was confirmed to be the driving force for the reaction. Reaction rates of the first and the second aldol reaction process were enhanced by using a polar ionic liquid, but the electrocyclization was found to remain similar.
A Novel Strategy to Synthesize Dual Blue Fluorescent‐Magnetic EuCl2 Nanocrystals via One‐Pot Method with Controlled Morphologies Using Urea
Authors: Zhao Tianxin , Xin Jingwei , Jiang Yingnan , Zhao Yue , Zhao Yueqi , Zhao Yu , Sun Weiyi , Yang Bai , Lin Quan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDivalent state europium nanocrystals (EuII NCs) have tremendous number of applications such as biological detection, solar cells, medical imaging, and so on. Here, a ready synthetic one‐pot approach to prepare dual blue fluorescent‐magnetic EuCl2 NCs is reported. EuCl3 is reduced by the reducing agent urea, while the oleic acid and oleyl amine are used as the capping ligand. A serial of analysis, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and zero‐field cooling magnetization curve/field cooling magnetization curve are performed to confirm the successful reduction of EuCl2. It is novel that the morphology and size of produced EuCl2 NCs could be adjusted efficiently by the reducing agent urea, including rod shaped, wire shaped, and fiber shaped. The mechanism of controlling the size and morphology of synthetic EuCl2 NCs by the urea content is discussed in detail. What is more, it has been demonstrated that in this one‐pot method the homogeneous and complete nucleation needs to perform slowly in high temperature reaction stage, and then the uniformed crystals are gradually formed during the slow cooling process. That is an appealing strategy for tunable design and synthesis of multifunctional EuII NCs.
Normal‐phase versus reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) to monitor oxidized phosphatidylcholines by TLC/mass spectrometry
Authors: Engel Kathrin M. , Griesinger Hans , Schulz Michael , Schiller Jürgen 
Published: July 2018

RationaleNormal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography (NP‐TLC) is an established method for the separation of all major phospholipid classes according to the different polarities of the head groups. In contrast, reversed‐phase (RP)‐TLC is much less frequently used for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the NP and the RP approach regarding their separation potential of phospholipid oxidation products.MethodsCommercially available 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine (POPC) (PC 16:0/18:1) and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine (PLPC) (PC 16:0/18:2) were oxidized by NaMnO4. Oxidation products were subsequently separated by NP‐ and RP‐TLC and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.ResultsIn comparison with NP‐TLC, RP‐TLC was clearly superior regarding the separation of oxidation products of phospholipids. RP‐TLC enabled the separation not only of primary oxidation products of POPC such as alcohols and ketones but also of secondary oxidation products. Furthermore some oxidation products, such as aldehydes, were only detectable by ESI after RP‐TLC but not after NP‐TLC.ConclusionsRP‐TLC is the method of choice to characterize oxidized PL such as oxidized phosphatidylcholines.
Contribution of herpesviruses in the progression of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases in systemically healthy individuals
Authors: Binshabaib Munerah , ALHarthi Shatha Subhi , Salehpoor Danial , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Javed Fawad 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe aim of this review was to assess the contribution of herpesviruses in the subgingival oral biofilm in the progression of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases in systemically healthy individuals. The literature review was customized to summarize the pertinent information for the following reasons: (1) A systematic review regarding the role of herpesviruses in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease has recently been published; and (2) a limited number of studies have assessed the association of herpesviruses with peri‐implant diseases. To date, five observational studies have assessed the presence of herpesviruses in the subgingival oral biofilm of individuals with peri‐implant diseases. In these studies, dental implants were in place for up to approximately 8 years. In two studies, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was more often isolated from the peri‐implant sulci of sites with than without peri‐implantitis. In one study, a low prevalence of HCMV compared with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was associated with the progression of peri‐implantitis. In previous studies, the presence of EBV in the subgingival oral biofilm was associated with the onset of peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis, respectively. Major limitations of the studies assessed were the absence of blinding and lack of power analysis for sample size estimation. In conclusion, the presence of herpesviruses in the periodontal and peri‐implant subgingival oral biofilm is an indicator of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases in systemically healthy individuals; however, further studies with a statistically justified sample‐size are needed to understand and refine this association.
Developmental progress of CRISPR/Cas9 and its therapeutic applications for HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Deng Qiudi , Chen Zisheng , Shi Lei , Lin Huafeng 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed as a powerful tool for targeted gene editing. As a result of technical enhancements in recent years, this technology has become the method of choice for efficiently modifying targeted HIV‐1 genome efficiently as part of HIV therapy. CRISPR can be modified to target specific sequences that Cas9 then cuts. In this article, we outline the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also show how this technology can be used for the prevention and treatment of HIV‐1 infection. Optimistically, this technology promises to make a significant impact on the fight against HIV‐1 in the future.
Design of Lyapunov functions for a class of homogeneous systems: Generalized forms approach
Authors: Sanchez Tonametl , Moreno Jaime A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we provide a method to design Lyapunov functions (LFs) for a class of homogeneous systems described by functions that we call generalized forms (GFs). Homogeneous polynomial systems and several high‐order sliding modes are included in the class. The LF candidate is chosen from the same class of functions and it is parameterized in its coefficients. Since the derivative of the LF candidate along the system's trajectories is also a GF, the problem is reduced to verify positive definiteness of two GFs. We establish a procedure to represent a GF with a finite set of polynomials. Thus, the problem is changed to determine positive definiteness of a set of polynomials. Such a problem can be solved by means of Pólya's theorem or the sum of squares representation.
Sensing water properties at precise depths from the air
Authors: Ore John‐Paul , Detweiler Carrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater properties are critical to our understanding and managing of freshwater systems that change rapidly with depth. This work presents an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ‐based method of keeping a submerged, cable‐suspended sensor payload at a precise depth, with 95% of sensor readings within ±8.4 cm of the target depth. We use a depth altimeter attached at the terminus of a 3.5 m semirigid cable as the sole input to a depth controller actuated by the UAV's motors. First, we simulate the UAV‐cable‐payload system with disturbances of wind, water, signal delay, and GPS drift and then use parameters discovered during simulation to guide implementation. We characterize the depth altimeter during translation and find that 95% of the readings are within ±7 mm of ground truth, with a steady‐state error of ±3 mm. In field experiments, we compare the depth precision of our new method to previous methods that used the UAV's altitude as a proxy for submerged sensor depth, specifically 1) only using the UAV's air pressure altimeter; and 2) fusing UAV‐mounted ultrasonic sensors with the air pressure altimeter. Our new method reduces the standard deviation of depth readings from 16.1 to 4.2 cm in winds up to 8.0 ms−1. We show the step response of the depth‐altimeter method when transitioning between target depths. Finally, we explore a longer, 8.0 m cable and show that our depth controller still outperforms air altimeter and ultrasonic methods and allows scientists to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of water property datasets.
Needs, wants and values in China: reducing physical wants for sustainable consumption
Authors: Yan Boqian , Spangenberg Joachim H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChina is simultaneously the world's biggest polluter, largest victim of pollution, and most ferocious fighter against pollution. So the question is: How can pollution be reduced to pave the way for the ecological civilisation of the future moderately affluent Chinese society? For China to play a leading role in escaping the global environmental crisis, for the benefit of its own population and the rest of the world, technological improvements and the greening of the economy, important as they are, will not suffice. More is needed in terms of limiting resource consumption, namely a reorientation from economic growth towards sustainable consumption and sufficiency. Improving efficiencies on all levels by technological and social innovations is a condition for this, as is a change of consumer aspirations from more to better, towards sufficiency and a good life. Chinese philosophical traditions and values offer anchoring points for such a green enlightenment.
Tracking the Formation of a Series of Con (n=2, 6, 8) Clusters from Linear Co3 Precursor Clusters by Optimizing the Reaction Conditions
Authors: Pang Xuhong , Liu Jianfang , Wei Gui , Shi Dongwei , Bian Hedong , Liu Hanfu , Yao Di , Li Haiye , Huang Fuping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStarting from two low‐nuclearity linear synthesised Co3 precursors {[Co3L’2(H2O)6]⋅2NO3⋅4H2O} (1) and {[Co3L’2(H2O)6]⋅2NO3} (2) (here, H2L=bis((pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)methane, H2L’=bis((pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol −5‐yl)ketone), a series of Co3‐substituted complexes and two higher‐nuclearity Co(II) clusters {[Co8L6(μ3‐O)2]⋅5H2O} (3) and [Co6L4(MeOH)6(OAc)4] (4) have been synthesized and characterized through regulating solvent, anion, and pH conditions. For tracking the formation of higher‐nuclearity clusters, the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) analyses for the solid‐liquid phase at different times, revealed that [Co2L2] and [Co2L] species can combine together to form [Co4L3] species, which bridged each other through two [μ3‐O]2− ions in strong alkaline conditions, to get [Co8(μ3‐O)2L6] units in 3; which or combined [Co2L] species in weak alkaline conditions, to get [Co6L4] species in 4. And the antiferromagnetic coupling in 1–4 has been briefly investigated.
SaaS software performance issue identification using HMRF‐MAP framework
Authors: Wang Rui , Ying Shi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe performance of the software‐as‐a‐service (SaaS) software is often characterized by combinations of performance metrics monitored in a cloud computing platform. Due to the complexity of the application software and the dynamic nature of the deployment environment, manual diagnosis for performance issues based on metric data is typically expensive and laborious. In order to solve the above problems, we propose an automatic performance issue identification method. This approach constructs the hidden Markov random field maximum a posteriori (HMRF‐MAP) model based on the monitored metric values. The model calculates the current performance state of the system by analyzing the historical states of the system. In this paper, we evaluate our approach in a case study of a production system deployed on the cloud computing platform. The evaluation results show that our approach (1) has small system overhead, (2) is accurate in identifying the time frame during which a performance issue occurs, (3) is indeed useful and assists an operation and maintenance manager in recovering the service capability of SaaS software, and (4) is better than other approaches for identifying the performance issues in the system.
UnThemida: Commercial obfuscation technique analysis with a fully obfuscated program
Authors: Suk Jae Hyuk , Lee Jae‐Yung , Jin Hongjoo , Kim In Seok , Lee Dong Hoon 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe main goal of code obfuscation is to make software more difficult to reverse engineer. These techniques modify data structures and control flow while retaining the functionality of the original program. Although obfuscation is a useful method for protecting programs, it can also be used to protect malware. This raises concerns that malware could use code obfuscation to avoid detection by antivirus software. It is very difficult to analyze the functionality of obfuscated malware before it has been deobfuscated. Furthermore, commercial obfuscation tools allow malware authors to apply multiple obfuscation options simultaneously, and current deobfuscation techniques cannot handle this situation. In this study, we analyzed a well‐known commercial obfuscation tool called Themida. We applied its many obfuscation options to a program and implemented a tool to recover the original code and data. We extracted features from obfuscated programs and analyzed their control flow. Our tool is based on these features and the control flow patterns and can identify whether Themida has been applied to the program and which obfuscation options have been used. Finally, we suggested a method for recovering the import address table of programs by using dynamic binary instrumentation. The proposed rules and algorithms can almost completely recover the APIs of programs even though they are hidden by obfuscation options provided by Themida.