bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textile industry in Nupeland
Authors: Salahu Mohammed Lawal , Ilyasu Yakubu Ahmed 
Published: July 2018

Man became conscious of whom he was when he took sedimentary life. The consciousness led to the need to cover his body either from nakedness, to look beautiful or in response to the harsh weather; and to keep the body warm. This began with the use of leaves to animal skins then to the weaving and production of fabric for clothing. Though no one can said when clothing or textiles began in the world and in Nupeland in particular, no doubt it has a fair long history and has undergone changes overtime. It is in the light of this that using historical methodology of both primary and secondary sources, the paper investigate textile industry in Nupeland. Using content analysis, the paper concluded that the industry in Nupeland had benefitted from the technology and skills of neighbouring communities before it became synonymous with the Nupe. The industry has also declined due to modern production.
Multimedia and the creation of the scenographic space in the stage realization of Emmanuel Emmasealu’s nerves
Authors: Eni Kenneth Efakponana 
Published: July 2018

The major objective of the scenographic team is to create an illusion of reality, a perception of life as seen from a perspective. In doing this, the textual director (Artistic Director) usually relies on the skills and knowledge of the artistic or audio-pictorial director (Technical Director) to coordinate all the virtual and acoustic aspects of the production into a unified point of view for the audience, to reinforce the directorial approach and spine of the production. The skills and knowledge required by the artistic director in designing and coordinating the audio-pictorial composition goes a long way in determining the artistic success of the production. This paper attempts an artistic exploration of theproduction of Emmanuel Emasealu’s Nerves as designed and directed by Idiata Frank, a third-year student of the Department of Theatre Arts, Niger Delta University in an experimental multimedia production in which multi-media effects were well welded with two and three dimensional scenic pieces to affect a stunning presentation of the select text despite the paucity of technical facilities at the NDU theatre. The aim is to highlight the need for innovative approaches to textual and artistic directing in contemporary theatre productions. It is the opinion of the author that the theatre stands to gain from iconoclastic and new approaches to textual an d artistic directing by upcoming studentsdirectors and designers.
RESEARCH OF STABLE TETRAHEDRON OF LiF-LiVO3-NaBr-NaVO3 QUATERNARY MUTUAL SYSTEM OF Li,Na||F,Br,VO3
Authors: Garkushin Ivan K. , Samsonova Inna N , Gubanova Tatiana V. 
Published: July 2018

Phase equilibria of quaternary system LiF-LiVO3-NaBr-NaVO3 were studied with differential thermal analysis method. The temperature and composition of eutectic point was determined: Е 458 ºС: 11.2% LiF, 57.2% LiVO3, 16% NaBr, 15.6% LiVO3.
NITRILE COMPLEXES AS EFFECTIVE ANTIMICROBIAL ADDITIVES
Authors: Safiullina Ilnara I. , Babaev Elbeiy R. , Syrlybaeva Rauliya R. , Movsum-zade Nazrin Ch. 
Published: July 2018

Antimicrobial properties of nitrile complexes of transition metal salts were studied including the investigation of their activity in surfactants and mineral oil environments. Experiments of the polymeric complexes preparation by in-situ copolymerization of the nitrile polymers in the presence of transition metal salts and reactions of transition metal salts added to the ready polymers were performed. The dependence of the polymer complexes forming particularities on central metal atoms nature was determined.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SPATIAL-DISTORTED DERIVATIVES OF PORPHYRINS IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: Ivanova Yulia B. , Puhovskaya Svetlana G. , Mamardashvili Nugzar Zh. , Koifman Oscar I. 
Published: July 2018

Spectrophotometric titration method was used to study the acidic properties of: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(thienyl-2-yl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (I), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4’-t-butylphenyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (II), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-t-butylphe-nyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (III), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (IV), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-10,20-bis(4-nitro-phenyl)-2,8,12,18-tetrame-thyl-3,7,13,17-tetraarylporphyrin (V), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13, 17,18-octaethylporphyrin (VI), 5,15-bis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-2,8,12,18-tetramethyl-3,7,10,13,17,20-hexaethylporphin (VII), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4’-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylpor-phyrin (VIII) in the presence of a deprotonated agent, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene, in acetonitrile. Under deprotonation two families of spectral curves in the absorption spectra, having its own system of isobestic points, are formed. Electron absorption spectrum of molecular form transforms gradually into the spectrum of the final form of dianion with titrant concentration increase. Determination of the coordinates of the inflection (and the corresponding concentration of DBU) on the titration curve allowed us to distinguish two areas in the electron absorption spectra of the reaction system, which are likely belong to the first and second steps of deprotonation, namely, to the formation of mono- and dianionic forms (HP– and P2–) of the compound. Spectral characteristics of the ionized forms and combined ionization constant for the first and second steps (lgКа1 and lgКа2) were revealed. At the first step in the order of decreasing acidic properties of the ligands the compounds form a series of: III< V< VIII< VI < VII< II< IV < I; at the second step in decreasing order of the acidic properties of the ligands the compounds form a series of:.III < V < VI < II <VIII< VII < IV < I. The effect of structural and electronic properties of substituents on acid-base properties of porphyrins is analyzed. Thus, chemical modification of the macrocycle can lead to direct changes in acid-base properties of supramolecular macroheterocyclic ligands and can be a powerful tool to control the reactivity of compounds of the porphyrins class.
INDIUM EXTRACTION FROM SOLUTIONS WITH MODIFIED ALUMINOSILICATES
Authors: Timofeev Konstantin L. , Maltsev Gennadiy I. , Sviridov Alexeiy V. 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this work was to study the adsorption of indium from aqueous solutions on modified highly dispersed aluminosilicates for the recovery of indium from technological solutions. The adsorption isotherms of indium, iron and zinc from multi component solutions on modified by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid montmorillonite were obtained. It was shown that adsorption processes can be reliably described by models of Langmuir and Freundlich (R2 = 0.96–0.99). The shape of the isotherms is determined both by the surface properties of the sorbent and forms of presence of metal ions in aqueous solutions. The highest value of Langmuir constant Kads = 422.65 for reagent "Metоsol" was obtained for ions of indium, which indicates the preferential affinity of the sorbing mineral to this element, since the corresponding figures for the ions Fe2+ (1.09) and Zn2+ (0.78) are close to unity. At sorption of metal ions from model solution in the range of acidity of 1-20 g/dm3 of H2SO4 the extraction of indium remains unchanged at ~70 %, and iron – is reduced from 39 to 15% of the initial content. With the further increase of acidity to 100 g/dm3 of H2SO4, the recovery of indium is reduced to 40 %; iron down to 14 %. In the examined range of concentration of sulfuric acid the extraction of zinc is from 6.0 to 7.5 percent. The value of the static exchange capacity for the studied metals are mmol/g: 0.39–0.23 of indium; 0.11–0.04 of iron(III); 0.05–0.04 of zinc. A rank of affinity of reagent "Metоsol" to extract the metal ions from solution with pre-reduced iron(III) was In3+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+ which determines the feasibility of its use for the selective adsorption of indium from the complex composition of technological solutions of zinc production.
Illusory resizing of the painful knee is analgesic in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Stanton Tasha R. , Gilpin Helen R. , Edwards Louisa , Moseley G. Lorimer , Newport Roger 
Published: July 2018

Background
Experimental and clinical evidence support a link between body representations and pain. This proof-of-concept study in people with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) aimed to determine if: (i) visuotactile illusions that manipulate perceived knee size are analgesic; (ii) cumulative analgesic effects occur with sustained or repeated illusions.

Methods
Participants with knee OA underwent eight conditions (order randomised): stretch and shrink visuotactile (congruent) illusions and corresponding visual, tactile and incongruent control conditions. Knee pain intensity (0–100 numerical rating scale; 0 = no pain at all and 100 = worst pain imaginable) was assessed pre- and post-condition. Condition (visuotactile illusion vs control) × Time (pre-/post-condition) repeated measure ANOVAs evaluated the effect on pain. In each participant, the most beneficial illusion was sustained for 3 min and was repeated 10 times (each during two sessions); paired t-tests compared pain at time 0 and 180s (sustained) and between illusion 1 and illusion 10 (repeated).

Results
Visuotactile illusions decreased pain by an average of 7.8 points (95% CI [2.0–13.5]) which corresponds to a 25% reduction in pain, but the tactile only and visual only control conditions did not (Condition × Time interaction: p = 0.028). Visuotactile illusions did not differ from incongruent control conditions where the same visual manipulation occurred, but did differ when only the same tactile input was applied. Sustained illusions prolonged analgesia, but did not increase it. Repeated illusions increased the analgesic effect with an average pain decrease of 20 points (95% CI [6.9–33.1])–corresponding to a 40% pain reduction.

Discussion
Visuotactile illusions are analgesic in people with knee OA. Our results suggest that visual input plays a critical role in pain relief, but that analgesia requires multisensory input. That visual and tactile input is needed for analgesia, supports multisensory modulation processes as a possible explanatory mechanism. Further research exploring the neural underpinnings of these visuotactile illusions is needed. For potential clinical applications, future research using a greater dosage in larger samples is warranted.
Nanoscale Potential Fluctuations in Zirconium Oxide and the Flash Memory Based on Electron and Hole Localization
Authors: Gritsenko Vladimir A. , Novikov Yuriy N. , Perevalov Timofey V. , Kruchinin Vladimir N. , Aliev Vladimir S. , Gerasimova Alina K. , Erenburg Simon B. , Trubina Svetlana V. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Lanza Mario 
Published: July 2018

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, spectral ellipsometry, and quantum‐chemistry calculations are used to examine the atomic and electronic structure of nonstoichiometric amorphous ZrOx slightly enriched with zirconium. The experimental data show that the ZrOx material consists of stoichiometric ZrO2, metallic Zr, and zirconium suboxides ZrOy. A model of nanoscale spatial potential fluctuations in ZrOx is substantiated. In this model, the potential fluctuations for electrons and holes arise due to the local bandgap energy fluctuations in the range from 0 to 5.4 eV. A ZrOx‐based flash memory element with giant retention time is proposed.
Collective Structural Relaxation in Phase‐Change Memory Devices
Authors: Le Gallo Manuel , Krebs Daniel , Zipoli Federico , Salinga Martin , Sebastian Abu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhase‐change memory devices are expected to play a key role in future computing systems as both memory and computing elements. A key challenge in this respect is the temporal evolution of the resistance levels commonly referred to as “resistance drift.” In this paper, a comprehensive description of resistance drift as a result of spontaneous structural relaxation of the amorphous phase‐change material toward an energetically more favorable ideal glass state is presented. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the microscopic origin of the structural relaxation. Based on those insights, a collective relaxation model is proposed to capture the kinetics of structural relaxation. By linking the physical material parameters governing electrical transport to such a description of structural relaxation, an integrated drift model that is able to predict the current–voltage characteristics at any instance in time even during nontrivial temperature treatments is obtained. Accurate quantitative matching with experimental drift measurements over a wide range of time (10 decades) and temperature (160–420 K) is demonstrated.
Flexible Thermoelectric Generators with Ultrahigh Output Power Enabled by Magnetic Field–Aligned Metallic Nanowires
Authors: Chen Yani , He Minhong , Tang Junhui , Bazan Guillermo C. , Liang Ziqi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmerging organic–inorganic thermoelectric nanocomposites (TENCs) are promising candidates for the realization of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs), yet there is an absence of effective means to precisely regulate the film morphology of TENCs. Here, the use of a magnetic field to improve thermoelectric performance of solution fabricated n‐type metallic TENCs is reported. Of particular relevance is that the magnetic field gives rise to aligned Co nanowires (NWs) within a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. Such oriented TENCs exhibit significantly increased electrical conductivity in comparison to identical nanocomposites that are randomly oriented. As a result, the best power factor of oriented Co NWs (80 wt%)/PVDF TENCs reaches 523 µW m−1 K−2 at 320 K, which is among the highest reported n‐type TENCs. By pairing these n‐type TENCs with benchmark p‐type poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films, the fabrication of flexible and planar TEGs that yield a maximum output voltage and power of 26.4 mV and 5.2 µW when ∆T = 50 K, respectively, is reported.
Narrow Heater Bottom Electrode‐Based Phase Change Memory as a Bidirectional Artificial Synapse
Authors: La Barbera Selina , Ly Denys R. B. , Navarro Gabriele , Castellani Niccolò , Cueto Olga , Bourgeois Guillaume , De Salvo Barbara , Nowak Etienne , Querlioz Damien , Vianello Elisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhase change memory can provide a remarkable artificial synapse for neuromorphic systems, as it features excellent reliability and can be used as an analog memory. However, this approach is complicated by the fact that crystallization and amorphization differ radically: crystallization can be realized in a very gradual manner, very similarly to synaptic potentiation, while the amorphization process tends to be abrupt, unlike synaptic depression. Addressing this non‐biorealism of amorphization requires system‐level solutions that have considerable energy cost or limit the generality of the approach. This work demonstrates experimentally that an adaptation of the memory structure associated with an initialization electrical pulse followed by a sequence of identical fast pulses can overcome this challenge. A single device can then naturally implement gradual long‐term potentiation and depression, much like synapses in biology. This study evidences through statistical measurements the reproducibility of the approach, discusses its physical origin, as well as the importance of the device architecture and of the initial electrical pulse. Through the use of system‐level simulation, it is shown that this device is especially adapted to a neuroscience‐inspired learning. These results highlight how nanodevices can be suitable for bioinspired applications while retaining the qualities of industrial technology.
CHCHD10 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Where is the evidence?
Authors:   Project MinE ALS Sequencing Consortium
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAfter the initial report of a CHCHD10 mutation in mitochondrial disease with features resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), CHCHD10 mutations have been considered to be a frequent cause for ALS. However, the exact pathogenicity and clinical significance of these mutations remain unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the role of CHCHD10 mutations in ALS.MethodsWe analyzed 4,365 whole genome sequenced ALS patients and 1,832 controls from 7 different countries and examined all nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants in CHCHD10. These were tested for association with ALS, independently and in aggregate using several genetic burden tests (including sequence kernel association test [SKAT], optimal unified test [SKAT‐O], and Firth logistic regression).ResultsWe identified 3 new variants in cases, but only 1 was ALS‐specific. Also, 1 control‐specific mutation was identified. There was no increased burden of rare coding mutations among ALS patients compared to controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.86, and p = 0.88 for SKAT, SKAT‐O, and Firth, respectively). The few carriers with potential pathogenic CHCHD10 mutations exhibited a slowly progressive ALS‐like phenotype with atypical features such as myopathy and deafness.Interpretation
CHCHD10 mutations seem to be a far less prevalent cause of pure ALS than previously suggested, and instead appear related to more complex phenotypes. There appears to be insufficient evidence for the pathogenicity of most previously reported variants in pure ALS. This study shows that routine testing for CHCHD10 mutations in pure ALS is not recommended and illustrates the importance of sufficient genetic and functional evidence in establishing pathogenicity of genetic variants. Ann Neurol 2018;83:110–116
Neurofilament light: A candidate biomarker of presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and phenoconversion
Authors: Benatar Michael , Wuu Joanne , Andersen Peter M. , Lombardi Vittoria , Malaspina Andrea 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate neurofilament light (NfL) as a biomarker of the presymptomatic phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsThe study population includes 84 individuals at risk for developing ALS, 34 controls, 17 ALS patients, and 10 phenoconverters (at‐risk individuals observed both before and after the emergence of clinically manifest disease). At‐risk individuals are enrolled through Pre‐Symptomatic Familial ALS (Pre‐fALS), a longitudinal natural history and biomarker study of individuals who are carriers of any ALS‐associated gene mutation (in SOD1, C9orf72, TARDBP, FUS, VCP, etc), but who, at the time of enrollment, demonstrated no clinical symptoms or signs (including electromyographic evidence) of manifest disease. NfL in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsSerum and CSF NfL are substantially higher in ALS patients compared to controls and at‐risk individuals and remain relatively stable over time. Among phenoconverters, however, NfL levels were elevated (ie, above the range observed in controls) as far back as ∼12 months preceding the emergence of the earliest clinical symptoms or signs of disease.InterpretationSerum (and CSF) NfL are informative biomarkers of presymptomatic ALS, providing a new tool to quantify presymptomatic disease progression and to potentially predict the timing of clinical phenoconversion. As such, quantification of NfL may aid the design and implementation of early therapeutic intervention for affected individuals and/or disease prevention trials for individuals at short‐term risk of developing ALS. Ann Neurol 2018 Ann Neurol 2018;83:130–139
Durch Nanopartikel vermittelter immunogener Zelltod ermöglicht und verstärkt die Immuntherapie gegen Krebs
Authors: Duan Xiaopin , Chan Christina , Lin Wenbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImmuntherapien gegen Krebs, die körpereigene Immunsysteme auf das Erkennen, Angreifen und Auslöschen von Tumorzellen vorbereiten oder dazu stimulieren und dabei gesunden Zellen nur minimale Schäden zufügen, haben in den letzten Jahren vielversprechende klinische Ergebnisse erbracht. Dennoch bieten die meisten dieser immuntherapeutischen Strategien nur einer kleinen Gruppe an Patienten einen Nutzen und bringen für einige Patienten systemische Autoimmuneffekte mit sich. Modalitäten, die einen immunogenen Zelltod (ICD) herbeiführen, töten nicht nur Krebszellen direkt ab, sondern lösen auch gegen ein breites Spektrum an soliden Tumoren gerichtete Immunantworten aus. Solche Strategien zum Herbeiführen impfungsähnlicher Funktionen könnten verwendet werden, um ein “kaltes” Tumor‐Mikroumfeld in ein immunogenes, “heißes” Tumor‐Mikroumfeld umzuwandeln, was synergistisch mit Immuntherapien gegen Krebs zusammenzuwirken würde und dadurch die Antwortrate unter den Patienten sowie die Behandlungsergebnisse verbessern könnte. Dieser Kurzaufsatz behandelt Nanopartikel‐basierte Behandlungsmodalitäten, die ICD auslösen und verstärken können, um Immuntherapien gegen Krebs zu unterstützen.
Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds Guided by Alkoxyl Radicals
Authors: Guan Honghao , Sun Shutao , Mao Ying , Chen Lei , Lu Ran , Huang Jiancheng , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn alkoxyl radical guided strategy for site‐selective functionalization of unactivated methylene and methine C−H bonds enabled by an FeII‐catalyzed redox process is described. The mild, expeditious, and modular protocol allows efficient remote aliphatic fluorination, chlorination, amination, and alkynylation of structurally and electronically varied primary, secondary, and tertiary hydroperoxides with excellent functional‐group tolerance. The application for one‐pot 1,4‐hydroxyl functionalization of non‐oxygenated alkane substrates initiated by aerobic C−H oxygenation is also demonstrated.
Measuring the Relative Reactivity of the Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds of Alkanes as Nucleophiles
Authors: Olmos Andrea , Gava Riccardo , Noverges Bárbara , Bellezza Delia , Jacob Kane , Besora Maria , Sameera W. M. Chamil , Etienne Michel , Maseras Feliu , Asensio Gregorio , Caballero Ana , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report quantitative measurements of the relative reactivities of a series of C−H bonds of gaseous or liquid CnH2n+2 alkanes (n=1–8, 29 different C−H bonds) towards in situ generated electrophiles (copper, silver, and rhodium carbenes), with methane as the reference. This strategy surpasses the drawback of previous model reactions of alkanes with strong electrophiles suffering from C−C cleavage processes, which precluded direct comparison of the relative reactivities of alkane C−H bonds.