bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘There Can Be No Revolution without Culture’: Reading and Writing in the Bolivarian Revolution
Authors: BROWN KATIE 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnder Hugo Chávez's ‘Bolivarian Revolution’, the government made itself present in all stages of literary production, applying the official idea of reading and writing as ‘socialist practices’. The Bolivarian government envisaged a popular counter‐hegemony, courting popular support while delegitimising cultural elites and reinforcing class tensions. Bolivarian cultural policy is anachronistic in an age of global literary markets, while the emphasis on a national collective of writers over internationally promoted representative writers of the revolution is particularly radical.
Prediction of subtle left ventricular systolic dysfunction in homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Genetic analyses and speckle tracking echocardiography study
Authors: Saracoglu Erhan , Kılıç Salih , Vuruşkan Ertan , Düzen Irfan , Çekici Yusuf , Kuzu Zülfiye , Yıldırım Arafat , Küçükosmanoğlu Mehmet , Çetin Mustafa 
Published: June 2018

Background and AimsFew studies have shown the direct effect of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on myocardial systolic function. Studies focused on heterozygote FH patients but not homozygote ones, and they did not perform genetic analyses. We aimed to evaluate all types of patients with FH using the potentially more sensitive speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) technique to identify early left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.MethodsGenetic analyses of patients with FH were conducted for LDL‐receptor, PCSK9, and ApoB100. Nine homozygote, two compound heterozygote, and 82 heterozygote FH patients and 85 healthy subjects were prospectively studied. Longitudinal and circumferential strain measurements and conventional echocardiography findings were obtained.ResultsLV ejection fractions were similar for all (homozygote, heterozygote, and control) groups. The LV average longitudinal strain (aLS) and average circumferential strain (aCS) levels were significantly reduced in the homozygote and heterozygote groups when compared with the controls (for aLS, P = .008 (<.001); for aCS, P =< .001). A significant inverse correlation was found between LDL‐C levels and LS (P < .001, r = .728) and CS (P < .001, r = .642) for all FH patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of using systolic strain values obtained using 2D STE for determining lipotoxicity in the myocardium owing to hypercholesterolemia. Our study found that cardiac functions of homozygote patients who had the highest cholesterol levels were disrupted at very early ages. Therefore, starting lipid reduction treatment and early reverse LV remodelling therapy at early ages may be beneficial for high‐risk patients.
Cooperative nest‐defence behaviour and territory quality in a resident and socially monogamous passerine
Authors: Naďo Ladislav , Kašová Martina , Krištín Anton , Kaňuch Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNest defence is a fundamental aspect of parental care in secondary cavity‐nesting birds, and predation or competition for nesting sites can involve different defensive behaviours. Because habitat quality determines breeding success, we were interested in whether breeding pairs of the Eurasian nuthatch,Sitta europaea, established in more favourable environment also manifest higher probability of cooperative behaviour during their nest‐site defence. To explore this relationship, we quantified behavioural displays of both parents and analysed activity budget ethogram data from simulated territorial intrusions performed in the chick‐feeding phase with one conspecific and two different heterospecific stimuli (dummies of nuthatch, starling and woodpecker). We found that paired individuals shared their roles during nest‐site defence to a considerable extent. Males had a significantly higher number of attacks on intruders than females, and females performed more threat displays and controls of the brood than males. Multinomial analysis of the cooperative behaviour suggested that pairs in a high‐quality territory had higher probability of reciprocal substitution of different roles towards a balance between attacks, threat displays and nest controls. Contrary to this, pairs in a low‐quality territory had less likely pairwise combinations of simultaneous behavioural states that are associated with effective nest‐site defence. The difference in response probability according to territory quality was, however, highly variable in view of the stimulus that was used in simulated territorial intrusion. Because individual roles and the complex behavioural repertoire of pairs altered in response to territory quality and potential nest‐site competitor or brood predator, our results suggest that the cooperative nest‐defence behaviour could be linked to the breeding success of this year‐round territorial species living in a heterogeneous forest habitat.
Cardenolide‐defended milkweed bugs do not evoke learning in Nephila senegalensis spiders
Authors: Bramer Christiane , Schweizer Christian , Dobler Susanne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAntipredator defense of herbivorous insects often relies on the potential toxicity of defensive chemicals sequestered from their host plants. The colorful Lygaeinae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) store a concentrated mixture of toxic cardenolides (cardiac glycosides) in specialized storage compartments of the bugs' integument, from which they are released upon attack. Larvae and adults of the large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) are specialized to feed on cardenolide‐containing milkweeds in the plant genus Asclepias and display a conspicuous red and black colorations. To investigate whether O. fasciatus gained improved protection by feeding on a toxic host plant (Asclepias syriaca), compared to a nontoxic alternative (sunflower seeds), we fed nymphs and adults of O. fasciatus to the golden orb‐weaver Nephila senegalensis. While visually oriented vertebrates, such as avian predators, have been intensively investigated for their reaction to defensive compounds and aposematic coloration, less attention has been paid to invertebrate predators. Their different perceptual abilities can provide important opportunities for testing hypotheses on warning coloration and chemical defenses. The predation trials showed that the bugs fed on Asclepias were significantly less likely to be killed than the bugs reared on a cardenolide‐free diet. This suggests that sequestered cardenolides in O. fasciatus nymphs and adults represent a significant fitness advantage on an individual level against this invertebrate predator. Yet, when testing for avoidance learning in the spiders, negative experience did not change the way how similar prey was attacked at the next encounter. In this case, visual or chemical aposematism thus does not seem to matter for predator learning.
The redenomination risk of exiting the Eurozone: An estimation based on the Greek case
Authors: Lapavitsas Costas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChanging a country's currency involves a redenomination risk arising due to assets and liabilities that are impossible to redenominate because of contracts governed by foreign law. Depreciation or appreciation of the new currency could, therefore, result in losses or gains, thus creating a risk for economic agents. The risk can be estimated by splitting the economy into public, private, banking and central banking sectors, and summing up exposed aggregate assets and liabilities. This method is applied to Greece showing that exiting the EMU would certainly entail forbidding redenomination losses for the Greek public sector, leading to default. Surprisingly, however, the impact on the private and the banking sectors would actually be positive (gain). The impact on the Bank of Greece would be ambiguous depending primarily on the legal status of TARGET2 liabilities. It is notable that even the Bank of Greece possesses a significant cushion in the form of bonds under foreign law. In all, the redenomination risk for the Greek economy is modest, with the exception of the public sector.
Prognosis for long‐term sustainable fisheries in the African Great Lakes
Authors: Irvine K. , Etiegni C. A. , Weyl O. L. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeclines in fish yields and shifts in species composition are serious concerns in the African Great lakes of Tanganyika, Malawi (Nyasa/Niassa) and Victoria. Despite management and regulatory structures, all the lakes remain open‐access fisheries, severely depressing yields, economic returns and threatening biodiversity. While the lakes require an ecosystem‐based approach to management, this has not been realised because of a lack of institutional capacities, insufficient political will or simply being overwhelmed by the scale of the endeavour. Sustainable fisheries management can only be achieved through a refocus towards a stronger socio‐ecological approach and re‐evaluating how to realistically improve fish yield and environmental protection. This requires a combination of the following: (1) acceptance of suboptimal fish yields; (2) community‐enforced regulations that restrict access to fisheries and destruction of inshore habitats; (3) enhanced national and local institutional capacities and collaboration among the riparian states; and (4) major awareness and educational efforts that demonstrate the national and international importance of these lakes for food supply and biodiversity in pursuance of the Sustainable Development Goals. Without such actions, the prognosis for long‐term sustainable fisheries is bleak, and international projects and conferences will merely bear witness to further degradation of resources and the livelihoods they support.
Tracking the rise of eukaryotes to ecological dominance with zinc isotopes
Authors: Isson Terry T. , Love Gordon D. , Dupont Christopher L. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Zumberge Alex J. , Asael Dan , Gueguen Bleuenn , McCrow John , Gill Ben C. , Owens Jeremy , Rainbird Robert H. , Rooney Alan D. , Zhao Ming‐Yu , Stueeken Eva E. , Konhauser Kurt O. , John Seth G. , Lyons Timothy W. , Planavsky Noah J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe biogeochemical cycling of zinc (Zn) is intimately coupled with organic carbon in the ocean. Based on an extensive new sedimentary Zn isotope record across Earth's history, we provide evidence for a fundamental shift in the marine Zn cycle ~800 million years ago. We discuss a wide range of potential drivers for this transition and propose that, within available constraints, a restructuring of marine ecosystems is the most parsimonious explanation for this shift. Using a global isotope mass balance approach, we show that a change in the organic Zn/C ratio is required to account for observed Zn isotope trends through time. Given the higher affinity of eukaryotes for Zn relative to prokaryotes, we suggest that a shift toward a more eukaryote‐rich ecosystem could have provided a means of more efficiently sequestering organic‐derived Zn. Despite the much earlier appearance of eukaryotes in the microfossil record (~1700 to 1600 million years ago), our data suggest a delayed rise to ecological prominence during the Neoproterozoic, consistent with the currently accepted organic biomarker records.
Changes of aliphatic C–H bonds in cyanobacteria during experimental thermal maturation in the presence or absence of silica as evaluated by FTIR microspectroscopy
Authors: Igisu Motoko , Yokoyama Tadashi , Ueno Yuichiro , Nakashima Satoru , Shimojima Mie , Ohta Hiroyuki , Maruyama Shigenori 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAliphatic C–H bonds are one of the major organic signatures detected in Proterozoic organic microfossils, and their origin is a topic of interest. To investigate the influence of the presence of silica on the thermal alteration of aliphatic C–H bonds in prokaryotic cells during diagenesis, cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 were heated at temperatures of 250–450°C. Changes in the infrared (IR) signals were monitored by micro‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Micro‐FTIR shows that absorbances at 2,925 cm−1 band (aliphatic CH2) and 2,960 cm−1 band (aliphatic CH3) decrease during heating, indicating loss of the C–H bonds, which was delayed by the presence of silica. A theoretical approach using solid‐state kinetics indicates that the most probable process for the aliphatic C–H decrease is three‐dimensional diffusion of alteration products under both non‐embedded and silica‐embedded conditions. The extrapolation of the experimental results obtained at 250–450°C to lower temperatures implies that the rate constant for CH3 (kCH3) is similar to or lower than that for CH2 (kCH2; i.e., CH3 decreases at a similar rate or more slowly than CH2). The peak height ratio of 2,960 cm−1 band (CH3)/2,925 cm−1 band (CH2; R3/2 values) either increased or remained constant during the heating. These results reveal that the presence of silica does affect the decreasing rate of the aliphatic C–H bonds in cyanobacteria during thermal maturation, but that it does not significantly decrease the R3/2 values. Meanwhile, studies of microfossils suggest that the R3/2 values of Proterozoic prokaryotic fossils from the Bitter Springs Group and Gunflint Formation have decreased during fossilization, which is inconsistent with the prediction from our experimental results that R3/2 values did not decrease after silicification. Some process other than thermal degradation, possibly preservation of specific classes of biomolecules with low R3/2 values, might have occurred during fossilization.
THE ONTOLOGY OF CAPITAL: ON THE SHARED METHODOLOGICAL LIMITS OF MODERNIZATION THEORY AND ITS CRITICS
Authors: MÜCEN BARIŞ 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article argues that critical scholarship in historical studies has not overcome the methodological limits of modernization theory for failing to question the ontological principles that construct its object of analysis. I call these principles the “ontology of capital” and explicate them through Bourdieu's conceptualization of the field and capital. I argue that this ontology is established according to a distribution model in which social entities come into the analysis with the amount and value of the capital they hold. This model grasps all social relations in the form of competition, and actors and actions enter into the analysis only when they are involved in such relations. I then analyze Bernard Lewis's The Emergence of Modern Turkey, which is written explicitly from a modernization perspective, to show how the principles of the “ontology of capital” operate in this text. The analysis focuses on how sociohistorical facts are constructed through selection and articulation of empirical evidence that become meaningful only on the basis of this ontology. The aim of this analysis is to show the ontology of capital that constructs the object of analysis in Lewis's text rather than the Eurocentric, teleological, and elitist character of his analysis of history that critics in recent decades have addressed as problems of the modernization paradigm. Based on this, I argue that for a productive critical approach, relational analysis, which characterizes critical scholarship in contrast to essentialism, also has to consider the ontological principles in a historical work to overcome methodological limits. The failure to interrogate this ontology leads to an analytical separation in critical scholarship between the analysis of historical reality and of alternatives to this reality. This separation not only produces a dehistoricized analysis of the present from a critical perspective, but also turns the alternatives into utopian models.
THERE IS NO COLONIAL RELATIONSHIP: ANTAGONISM, SIKHISM, AND SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES
Authors: JUDGE RAJBIR SINGH 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article identifies how scholars have displaced antagonism within histories of Sikhism and South Asian Studies more broadly. In contrast to this displacement, this article foregrounds antagonism by taking into account a third element within the presumed colonizer and colonized relationship: a curved space of nonrelation that signals there can be no colonial relationship. By considering the constitutive nature of antagonism within social reality that remains unable to be demarcated, this article examines the generative principles of Sikh practices and concepts that both structure Sikhism's institutions and productively conceptualize this antagonism. Examining these concepts and practices, I consider the possibility of different modes of both historical being and becoming not bound within our current conceptual rubrics. These different possibilities culled through Sikh concepts and theories demand we reflect upon the rabble: those unable to be contained within colonial civil society or within attempts by the colonized for self‐determination in political societies. This void then fractured Sikh reform organizations historically, providing multiple avenues for politics unaccountable within our bifurcated and asymmetrical understandings of civil society and political societies and colonizer and colonized.
1. THE MEANINGS OF NOSTALGIA: GENEALOGY AND CRITIQUE
Authors: BECKER TOBIAS 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTNostalgia has become a new master narrative both in public discourse and academic research, serving as an explanation for trends in fields as different as popular culture, fashion, technology, and politics. This essay criticizes the wide‐ranging use of the term. It argues that nostalgia often does not adequately describe the diverse uses of the past to which it is applied. It does this by historicizing the nostalgia discourse with particular emphasis on the 1970s, when dictionaries first noted a semantic shift from homesickness to a sentimental yearning for the past, and intellectuals discussed a widespread, pathological “nostalgia wave.” After the introduction, the second section looks at the changing meanings of nostalgia, the third examines how the “nostalgia wave” was seen to manifest itself and who was thought to be afflicted by it, and the fourth discusses contemporary explanations. Building on this, the final section critically examines the nostalgia discourse before evaluating its continuing influence.
LISTENING TO KRISHNA
Authors: Saussy Haun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMcComas Taylor's Seven Days of Nectar offers a contrastive description of three seven‐day performances of the traditional Sanskrit text Bhāgavatapurāna in different locations and with different sponsorship, bringing out the special characteristics of each as a variant of living textual practice. The book also contains reports of interviews with reciters, detailing their backgrounds, education, and aspirations. This performance tradition has prospered under globalization, due to its place in a gift economy of prestige and to the desire on the part of sponsors to confirm their membership in a religious and national community.
Use of 0.4‐Tesla static magnetic field to promote reparative dentine formation of dental pulp stem cells through activation of p38 MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Lew W.‐Z. , Feng S.‐W. , Lin C.‐T. , Huang H.‐M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) have a positive effect on the migration and dentinogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to promote reparative dentine formation.MethodologyIn vitro scratch assays and a traumatic pulp exposure model were performed to evaluate the effect of 0.4‐Tesla (T) SMF on DPSC migration. The cytoskeletons of the DPSCs were identified by fluorescence immunostaining and compared with those of a sham‐exposed group. Dentinogenic evaluation was performed by analysing the expressions of DMP‐1 and DSPP marker genes using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) process. Furthermore, the formation of calcified deposits was examined by staining the dentinogenic DPSCs with Alizarin Red S dye. Finally, the role played by the p38 MAPK signalling pathway in the migration and dentinogenesis of DPSCs under 0.4‐T SMF was investigated by incorporating p38 inhibitor (SB203580) into the in vitro DPSC experiments. The Student's t‐test and the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test with a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe scratch assay results revealed that the application of 0.4‐T SMF enhanced DPSCs migration towards the scratch wound (P < 0.05). The cytoskeletons of the SMF‐treated DPSCs were found to be aligned perpendicular to the scratch wound. After 20 days of culture, the SMF‐treated group had a greater number of out‐grown cells than the sham‐exposed group (nonmagnetized control). For the SMF‐treated group, the DMP‐1 (P < 0.05) and DSPP genes (P < 0.05), analysed by qRT‐PCR, exhibited a higher expression. The distribution of calcified nodules was also found to be denser in the SMF‐treated group when stained with Alizarin Red S dye (P < 0.05). Given the incorporation of p38 inhibitor SB203580 into the DPSCs, cell migration and dentinogenesis were suppressed. No difference was found between the SMF‐treated and sham‐exposed cells (P > 0.05).Conclusion0.4‐T SMF enhanced DPSC migration and dentinogenesis through the activation of the p38 MAPK‐related pathway.
EVOLUTIONARY CONSUMERS IMPLY MONOPOLIES EXIT
Authors: Hummel Patrick , McAfee R. Preston 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe address the question of how a monopolist should price when facing evolutionary consumers who gradually move in the direction of following their optimal strategy but may make temporary suboptimal choices. We show that under a broad generalization of the most commonly used model of evolution, the monopolist will set a path of prices such that all consumers eventually stop purchasing the monopolist's product.
PATENTABILITY, R&D DIRECTION, AND CUMULATIVE INNOVATION
Authors: Chen Yongmin , Pan Shiyuan , Zhang Tianle 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a model where firms conduct R&D in both a safe and a risky direction. As patentability standards rise, an innovation in the risky direction is less likely to receive a patent, which decreases the static incentive for new entrants to conduct risky R&D but can increase their dynamic incentive. These, together with a strategic substitution and a market structure effect, result in an inverted‐U shape in the risky direction but a U shape in the safe direction for the relationship between R&D intensity and patentability standards. R&D is biased toward (against) the risky direction under lower (higher) standards.
OPTIMAL COST OVERRUNS: PROCUREMENT AUCTIONS WITH RENEGOTIATION
Authors: Herweg Fabian , Schwarz Marco A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCost overrun is ubiquitous in public procurement. We argue that this can be the result of a constrained optimal award procedure: The procurer awards the contract via a price‐only auction and cannot commit not to renegotiate. If cost differences are more pronounced for a fancy than a standard design, it is optimal to fix the standard design ex ante. If renegotiation takes place and the fancy design has higher production costs or the contractor's bargaining position is strong, the final price exceeds the initial price. Moreover, the procurer cannot benefit from using a scoring auction.
IDENTIFYING EXCHANGE RATE COMMON FACTORS
Authors: Greenaway‐McGrevy Ryan , Mark Nelson C. , Sul Donggyu , Wu Jyh‐Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing recently developed model selection procedures, we determine that exchange rate returns are driven by a two‐factor model. We identify them as a dollar factor and a euro factor. Exchange rates are thus driven by global, U.S., and euro‐zone stochastic discount factors. The identified factors can also be given a risk‐based interpretation. Identification motivates multilateral models for bilateral exchange rates. Out‐of‐sample forecast accuracy of empirically identified multilateral models dominates the random walk and a bilateral purchasing power parity fundamentals prediction model. Twenty‐four‐month‐ahead forecast accuracy of the multilateral model dominates those of a principal components forecasting model.