bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Features Differentiate Between Normal and Tumoral High-Fdg Uptake
Authors: Hsu Chih-Yang , Doubrovin Mike , Hua Chia-Ho , Mohammed Omar , Shulkin Barry L. , Kaste Sue , Federico Sara , Metzger Monica , Krasin Matthew , Tinkle Christopher , Merchant Thomas E. , Lucas John T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIdentification of FDGavid- neoplasms may be obscured by high-uptake normal tissues, thus limiting inferences about the natural history of disease. We introduce a FDG-PET radiomics tissue classifier for differentiating FDGavid- normal tissues from tumor. Thirty-three scans from 15 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and 68 scans from 23 patients with Ewing sarcoma treated on two prospective clinical trials were retrospectively analyzed. Disease volumes were manually segmented on FDG-PET and CT scans. Brain, heart, kidneys and bladder and tumor volumes were automatically segmented on PET images. Standard-uptake-value (SUV) derived shape and first order radiomics features were computed to build a random forest classifier. Manually segmented volumes were compared to automatically segmented tumor volumes. Classifier accuracy for normal tissues was 90%. Classifier performance was varied across normal tissue types (brain, left kidney and bladder, hear and right kidney were 100%, 96%, 97%, 83% and 87% respectively). Automatically segmented tumor volumes showed high concordance with the manually segmented tumor volumes (R2 = 0.97). Inclusion of texture-based radiomics features minimally contributed to classifier performance. Accurate normal tissue segmentation and classification facilitates accurate identification of FDGavid tissues and classification of those tissues as either tumor or normal tissue.
Ductile and brittle transition behavior of titanium alloys in ultra-precision machining
Authors: Yip W. S. , To S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTitanium alloys are extensively applied in biomedical industries due to their excellent material properties. However, they are recognized as difficult to cut materials due to their low thermal conductivity, which induces a complexity to their deformation mechanisms and restricts precise productions. This paper presents a new observation about the removal regime of titanium alloys. The experimental results, including the chip formation, thrust force signal and surface profile, showed that there was a critical cutting distance to achieve better surface integrity of machined surface. The machined areas with better surface roughness were located before the clear transition point, defining as the ductile to brittle transition. The machined area at the brittle region displayed the fracture deformation which showed cracks on the surface edge. The relationship between depth of cut and the ductile to brittle transaction behavior of titanium alloys in ultra-precision machining(UPM) was also revealed in this study, it showed that the ductile to brittle transaction behavior of titanium alloys occurred mainly at relatively small depth of cut. The study firstly defines the ductile to brittle transition behavior of titanium alloys in UPM, contributing the information of ductile machining as an optimal machining condition for precise productions of titanium alloys.
Essential oils and their components are a class of antifungals with potent vapour-phase-mediated anti-Candida activity
Authors: Feyaerts Adam F. , Mathé Lotte , Luyten Walter , De Graeve Stijn , Van Dyck Katrien , Broekx Lize , Van Dijck Patrick 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMulti-resistant microorganisms continue to challenge medicine and fuel the search for new antimicrobials. Here we show that essential oils and their components are a promising class of antifungals that can have specific anti-Candida activity via their vapour-phase. We quantify the vapour-phase-mediated antimicrobial activity (VMAA) of 175 essential oils and 37 essential oil components, representing more than a 1,000 unique molecules, against C. albicans and C. glabrata in a novel vapour-phase-mediated susceptibility assay. Approximately half of the tested essential oils and their components show growth-inhibitory VMAA. Moreover, an average greater activity was observed against the intrinsically more resistant C. glabrata, with essential oil component citronellal having a highly significant differential VMAA. In contrast, representatives of each class of antifungals currently used in clinical practice showed no VMAA. The vapour-phase-mediated susceptibility assay presented here thus allows for the simple detection of VMAA and can advance the search for novel (applications of existing) antimicrobials. This study represents the first comprehensive characterisation of essential oils and their components as a unique class of antifungals with antimicrobial properties that differentiate them from existing antifungal classes.
Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with Herschel
Authors: Donevski D. , Buat V. , Boone F. , Pappalardo C. , Bethermin M. , Schreiber C. , Mazyed F. , Alvarez-Marquez J. , Duivenvoorden S. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Over the last decade a large number of dusty star-forming galaxies has been discovered up to redshift z = 2 − 3 and recent studies have attempted to push the highly confused Herschel SPIRE surveys beyond that distance. To search for z ≥ 4 galaxies they often consider the sources with fluxes rising from 250 μm to 500 μm (so-called “500 μm-risers”). Herschel surveys offer a unique opportunity to efficiently select a large number of these rare objects, and thus gain insight into the prodigious star-forming activity that takes place in the very distant Universe.
Aims. We aim to implement a novel method to obtain a statistical sample of 500 μm-risers and fully evaluate our selection inspecting different models of galaxy evolution.
Methods. We consider one of the largest and deepest Herschel surveys, the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. We develop a novel selection algorithm which links the source extraction and spectral energy distribution fitting. To fully quantify selection biases we make end-to-end simulations including clustering and lensing.
Results. We select 133 500 μm-risers over 55 deg2, imposing the criteria: S500 > S350 > S250, S250 > 13.2 mJy and S500 > 30 mJy. Differential number counts are in fairly good agreement with models, displaying a better match than other existing samples. The estimated fraction of strongly lensed sources is 24+6-5% based on models.
Conclusions. We present the faintest sample of 500 μm-risers down to S250 = 13.2 mJy. We show that noise and strong lensing have an important impact on measured counts and redshift distribution of selected sources. We estimate the flux-corrected star formation rate density at 4 < z < 5 with the 500 μm-risers and find it to be close to the total value measured in far-infrared. This indicates that colour selection is not a limiting effect to search for the most massive, dusty z > 4 sources.
Inversions of synthetic umbral flashes: Effects of scanning time on the inferred atmospheres
Authors: Felipe T. , Socas-Navarro H. , Przybylski D. 
Published: February 2018

Context. The use of instruments that record narrowband images at selected wavelengths is a common approach in solar observations. They allow scanning of a spectral line by sampling the Stokes profiles with two-dimensional images at each line position, but require a compromise between spectral resolution and temporal cadence. The interpretation and inversion of spectropolarimetric data generally neglect changes in the solar atmosphere during the scanning of line profiles.
Aims. We evaluate the impact of the time-dependent acquisition of various wavelengths on the inversion of spectropolarimetric profiles from chromospheric lines during umbral flashes.
Methods. Numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a sunspot model were performed with the code MANCHA. Synthetic Stokes parameters in the Ca II 8542 Å line in NLTE were computed for an umbral flash event using the code NICOLE. Artificial profiles with the same wavelength coverage and temporal cadence from reported observations were constructed and inverted. The inferred atmospheric stratifications were compared with the original simulated models.
Results. The inferred atmospheres provide a reasonable characterization of the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere during most of the phases of the umbral flash. The Stokes profiles present apparent wavelength shifts and other spurious deformations at the early stages of the flash, when the shock wave reaches the formation height of the Ca II 8542 Å line. These features are misinterpreted by the inversion code, which can return unrealistic atmospheric models from a good fit of the Stokes profiles. The misguided results include flashed atmospheres with strong downflows, even though the simulation exhibits upflows during the umbral flash, and large variations in the magnetic field strength.
Conclusions. Our analyses validate the inversion of Stokes profiles acquired by sequentially scanning certain selected wavelengths of a line profile, even in the case of rapidly changing chromospheric events such as umbral flashes. However, the inversion results are unreliable during a short period at the development phase of the flash.
Orbital parameters and evolutionary status of the highly peculiar binary system HD 66051
Authors: Paunzen E. , Fedurco M. , Hełminiak K. G. , Pintado O. I. , Hambsch F.-J. , Hümmerich S. , Niemczura E. , Bernhard K. , Konacki M. , Hubrig S. , Fraga L. 
Published: February 2018

Context. The spectroscopic binary system HD 66051 (V414 Pup) consists of a highly peculiar CP3 (HgMn) star and an A-type component. It also shows out-of-eclipse variability that is due to chemical spots. This combination allows the derivation of tight constraints for the testing of time-dependent diffusion models.
Aims. We aim at deriving astrophysical parameters, information on age, and an orbital solution of the system.
Methods. We analysed radial velocity and photometric data using two different methods to determine astrophysical parameters and the orbit of the system. Appropriate isochrones were used to derive the age of the system.
Results. The orbital solution and the estimates from the isochrones are in excellent agreement with the estimates from a prior spectroscopic study. The system is very close to the zero-age main sequence and younger than 120 Myr.
Conclusions. HD 66051 is a most important spectroscopic binary system that can be used to test the predictions of the diffusion theory explaining the peculiar surface abundances of CP3 stars.
Chiral Mechanically Interlocked Molecules – Applications of Rotaxanes, Catenanes and Molecular Knots in Stereoselective Chemosensing and Catalysis
Authors: Niemeyer Jochen , Pairault Noel 
Published: February 2018

Interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes, catenanes, and molecular knots, offer conceptually new possibilities for the generation of chiral chemosensors and catalysts. Due to the presence of the mechanical or topological bond, interlocked molecules can be used to design functional systems with unprecedented features, such as switchability and deep binding cavities. In addition, classical elements of chirality can be supplemented with mechanical or topological chirality, which have so far only scarcely been employed as sources of chirality for stereoselective applications. This minireview discusses recent examples in this emerging area, showing that the application of chiral interlocked molecules in sensing and catalysis offers many fascinating opportunities for future research.1	Introduction2	Interlocked Molecules with Chiral Subcomponents2.1	Point Chirality2.2	Axial Chirality3	Mechanically Chiral Interlocked Molecules4	Topologically Chiral Interlocked Molecules5	Outlook
Forecasting the spatial transmission of influenza in the United States
Authors: Pei Sen , Kandula Sasikiran , Yang Wan , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: February 2018

Significance
In the last two decades, multiple outbreaks of emerging pathogens have unexpectedly swept the planet. In these public health emergencies, pathogens invade new regions in the span of just a few weeks to months, leaving a critical window of opportunity during which real-time warning could be sounded. As such, accurate prediction of the spatial spread of pathogens could provide invaluable benefits to global public health. Here we develop and validate an operational forecast system that is capable of predicting the spatial transmission of influenza in the United States. In particular, the onset week of local outbreaks can be accurately predicted up to 6 wk in advance at state level.
Decline and poleward shift in Indian summer monsoon synoptic activity in a warming climate
Authors: Sandeep S. , Ajayamohan R. S. , Boos William R. , Sabin T. P. , Praveen V. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Propagating atmospheric vortices contribute more than half of the total rainfall received by the fertile and highly populated Gangetic plains of India. How the activity of these storms will change in a warming climate is not yet understood, due to both the inadequate representation of these disturbances in global climate models and a lack of theory for their fundamental dynamics. Here we show that both a high-resolution atmospheric model and a statistical model predict that the activity of these storms weakens and shifts poleward from ocean to land in a warmer environment. The associated changes in seasonal mean rainfall and precipitation extremes are expected to have serious implications for the hydrological cycle of South Asia.
Grip and slip of L1-CAM on adhesive substrates direct growth cone haptotaxis
Authors: Abe Kouki , Katsuno Hiroko , Toriyama Michinori , Baba Kentarou , Mori Tomoyuki , Hakoshima Toshio , Kanemura Yonehiro , Watanabe Rikiya , Inagaki Naoyuki 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Cell migration directed by substrate-bound chemical cues is called haptotaxis. This study shows that grip and slip between the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) L1-CAM and the adhesive substrates, which occur asymmetrically under the growth cone, direct growth cone migration mediated by laminin. This mechanism is disrupted in a human patient of L1-CAM syndrome, suffering corpus callosum agenesis and corticospinal tract hypoplasia. These findings provide a conceptual framework for understanding the regulation and dysregulation of cell migration on the bases of force generation.
Early anthropogenic impact on Western Central African rainforests 2,600 y ago
Authors: Garcin Yannick , Deschamps Pierre , Ménot Guillemette , de Saulieu Geoffroy , Schefuß Enno , Sebag David , Dupont Lydie M. , Oslisly Richard , Brademann Brian , Mbusnum Kevin G. , Onana Jean-Michel , Ako Andrew A. , Epp Laura S. , Tjallingii Rik , Strecker Manfred R. , Brauer Achim , Sachse Dirk 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Modern human societies live in strongly altered ecosystems. However, anthropogenic environmental disturbances occurred long before the industrial revolution. About 2,600 y ago, a forest–savannah mosaic replaced dense rainforests in Western Central Africa. This rainforest crisis was previously attributed either to the impact of climate change or, to a lesser extent, to the expansion of Bantu peoples through Central Africa. A 10,500-y sedimentary record from Lake Barombi, Southwest Cameroon, demonstrates that the rainforest crisis was not associated with any significant hydrological change. Based on a detailed investigation of a regional archaeological database, we present evidence that humans altered the rainforest ecosystem and left detectable traces in the sediments deposited in Lake Barombi.
Convergence of marine megafauna movement patterns in coastal and open oceans
Authors: Sequeira A. M. M. , Rodríguez J. P. , Eguíluz V. M. , Harcourt R. , Hindell M. , Sims D. W. , Duarte C. M. , Costa D. P. , Fernández-Gracia J. , Ferreira L. C. , Hays G. C. , Heupel M. R. , Meekan M. G. , Aven A. , Bailleul F. , Baylis A. M. M. , Berumen M. L. , Braun C. D. , Burns J. , Caley M. J. , Campbell R. , Carmichael R. H. , Clua E. , Einoder L. D. , Friedlaender Ari , Goebel M. E. , Goldsworthy S. D. , Guinet C. , Gunn J. , Hamer D. , Hammerschlag N. , Hammill M. , Hückstädt L. A. , Humphries N. E. , Lea M.-A. , Lowther A. , Mackay A. , McHuron E. , McKenzie J. , McLeay L. , McMahon C. R. , Mengersen K. , Muelbert M. M. C. , Pagano A. M. , Page B. , Queiroz N. , Robinson P. W. , Shaffer S. A. , Shivji M. , Skomal G. B. , Thorrold S. R. , Villegas-Amtmann S. , Weise M. , Wells R. , Wetherbee B. , Wiebkin A. , Wienecke B. , Thums M. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Understanding the key drivers of animal movement is crucial to assist in mitigating adverse impacts of anthropogenic activities on marine megafauna. We found that movement patterns of marine megafauna are mostly independent of their evolutionary histories, differing significantly from patterns for terrestrial animals. We detected a remarkable convergence in the distribution of speed and turning angles across organisms ranging from whales to turtles (epitome for the slowest animals on land but not at sea). Marine megafauna show a prevalence of movement patterns dominated by search behavior in coastal habitats compared with more directed, ballistic movement patterns when the animals move across the open ocean. The habitats through which they move will therefore need to be considered for effective conservation.
Strain-induced accelerated asymmetric spatial degradation of polymeric vascular scaffolds
Authors: Wang Pei-Jiang , Ferralis Nicola , Conway Claire , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) were thought to represent the next cardiovascular interventional revolution yet they failed compared with metal stents. When BRS were tested using methods for MS, no signal of concern emerged––perhaps because BRS are not metal stents. BRS not only degrade, they also possess significant localized structural irregularities that cause asymmetric degradation. We posit these microstructural irregularities are responsible for variability in device performance in first-generation BRS. We correlated nonuniform degradation with variation in polymer microstructure and tolerance to integrated strain generated during fabrication and implantation. Differentiating failure modes in metallic and polymeric devices explains clinical results and suggests optimization strategies for the design and fabrication of next-generation BRS, indeed all devices using degradable materials.
Rapid regulatory evolution of a nonrecombining autosome linked to divergent behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Sun Dan , Huh Iksoo , Zinzow-Kramer Wendy M. , Maney Donna L. , Yi Soojin V. 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceThe evolution of nonrecombining chromosomes such as sex chromosomes involves degeneration leading to loss of genetic information. We do not know, however, what happens during the incipient stages of such chromosomes, before appreciable degeneration. We studied this process in white-throated sparrows, a species that occurs in two alternative behavioral phenotypes determined by a nonrecombining autosomal rearrangement. We report that this rearrangement shows few signs of large-scale genetic degeneration. Instead, substantial changes have evolved at the level of gene expression, some of them consistent with adaptive evolution. Our work with this chromosome reveals that rapid changes in gene expression and dosage compensation, not necessarily large-scale genetic degeneration, characterize the early evolution of heteromorphic chromosomes and the associated divergent phenotypes.
Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear
Authors: Branas Charles C. , South Eugenia , Kondo Michelle C. , Hohl Bernadette C. , Bourgois Philippe , Wiebe Douglas J. , MacDonald John M. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Blighted and vacant urban land is a widespread and potentially risky environmental condition encountered by millions of people every day. About 15% of the land in US cities is deemed vacant or abandoned, translating into an area roughly the size of Switzerland: over 3 million hectares of otherwise beneficial spaces remain neglected. Urban residents, especially in low-income neighborhoods, point to these spaces as primary threats to their health and safety. Cities continue to seek meaningful, evidence-based interventions for remediating vacant land. Standardized processes for the restoration of vacant urban land were experimentally tested on a citywide scale and found to significantly reduce gun violence, crime, and fear.
Multifrequency AFM reveals lipid membrane mechanical properties and the effect of cholesterol in modulating viscoelasticity
Authors: Al-Rekabi Zeinab , Contera Sonia 
Published: February 2018

Significance
The lipid bilayer mediates a number of cellular processes including cell recognition, signaling, transfer of ions, adhesion, and fusion. In orchestrating these functions, the cell membrane behaves as both an elastic and a viscous material. Although the physical properties of the lipid bilayer have been extensively studied, a thorough description of the viscoelasticity of the membrane is significantly less well characterized. In our study, we utilize multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a tool to extract quantitative viscoelastic information of a model lipid system with molar fraction inserts of cholesterol (Chol). Using this approach, we provide evidence that the lipid bilayer appears to exhibit both elastic and viscous properties, an important aspect in its role in mechanotransduction.
Infants expect ingroup support to override fairness when resources are limited
Authors: Bian Lin , Sloane Stephanie , Baillargeon Renée 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Recent research suggests that infants possess principles of fairness and ingroup support. We examined whether 1.5- and 2.5-y-olds would prioritize fairness or ingroup support when the two were pitted against each other. Children watched mixed-recipients resource-allocation events in which a puppet distributor faced two potential recipients, an ingroup and an outgroup puppet. Expectations about the distributor’s actions depended on how many allocation items were available. When there were as many items as puppets, children expected fairness to prevail; when there were fewer items than puppets, however, children expected ingroup support to prevail. Thus, beginning early in life, children expect fairness in mixed-recipients scenarios unless there is a shortage of resources, in which case they expect ingroup support to override fairness.
Expanded cellular clones carrying replication-competent HIV-1 persist, wax, and wane
Authors: Wang Zheng , Gurule Evelyn E. , Brennan Timothy P. , Gerold Jeffrey M. , Kwon Kyungyoon J. , Hosmane Nina N. , Kumar Mithra R. , Beg Subul A. , Capoferri Adam A. , Ray Stuart C. , Ho Ya-Chi , Hill Alison L. , Siliciano Janet D. , Siliciano Robert F. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
The HIV-1 latent reservoir cannot be eradicated by antiretroviral therapy (ART). The reservoir is a major barrier to cure. To characterize the mechanisms that contribute to persistence of the latent reservoir, we examined clonally expanded cell populations carrying replication-competent HIV-1 and followed them longitudinally. Expanded clones harboring replication-competent HIV-1 were identified in all study participants, but these clones emerge and wane on a time scale of years. A similar pattern was identified in viruses sampled from residual viremia. The findings suggest that the latent reservoir is likely to be maintained through expansion driven by antigens and cytokines, and that the expansion is balanced with a constant cell loss.