bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a man with no trigger and multiple cardioembolic complications—A rare constellation
Authors: Kalra Dinesh K. , Lichtenstein Seth J. , Bai Charlotte , Parekh Keyur , Sanghani Rupa , Tracy Melissa , Feinstein Steven 
Published: April 2019

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC) is an uncommon, transient, reversible cardiomyopathy, with a classic pattern of wall‐motion abnormalities, usually seen in women after an emotional stressor. Despite its increased recognition, there remain gaps in the exact mechanisms, predisposing factors, and predictors of recovery; this is particularly true for males where the condition occurs far less frequently than in females. TC typically resolves within weeks, and the prognosis is favorable compared to acute coronary syndromes. Nonetheless, about 1% of cases may be complicated by left ventricular (LV) thrombus and embolism. Herein we describe an atypical case of a man with no obvious trigger, who developed TC with left ventricular thrombus and multiple embolic complications, but subsequently showed complete and full resolution. Multimodality imaging including echocardiography, cardiac CT and cardiac MRI was instrumental in this diagnostic dilemma, as well as useful in guiding treatment options and informing prognosis.
Actor–Partner Interdependence of Compassion toward Others with Qualities of Marital Relationship and Parent–Child Relationships in Chinese Families
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Lin Xiuyun , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Chi Peilian , Wu Qinglu 
Published: April 2019

Considering the nature of compassion and cultural and times characteristics of Chinese families, individuals' general dispositional compassion toward others may have potential benefits for relationship qualities in Chinese families. In this study, we explored how men's and women's compassion related to their own (actor effects) and the partners' (partner effects) marital relationship and parent–child relationships, respectively, using the Actor–Partner Interdependent Model. Participants were from a cross‐sectional sample of 534 Chinese heterosexual married couples (females' mean age = 37.20,SD = 4.28; males' mean age = 40.29,SD = 5.39) whose biological children were pupils (mean age = 9.28,SD = 1.11). Results revealed that: (a) within marital relationships, couple members' actor effects and partner effects were found both significant; but (b) within parent–child relationships, couple members' actor effects were significant, whereas only mothers' partner effect of compassion on father–child relationship was significant. These findings support the benefits of couple members' individual compassion with respect to family relationship quality in contemporary China. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Structural insight into the unique dsDNA binding topology of the human ORC2 wing helix domain
Authors: Zhang Jiahai , Guo Qiong , Gao Jun , Xu Chao , Zhang Beibei , Li Mingwei , She Jiaqi , Shi Yunyu , Zhang Zhiyong , Ruan Ke , Wu Jihui 
Published: April 2019

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is indispensable for the initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. The DNA‐binding modes of the human ORC winged helix domain (WHD) remain enigmatic, as the dsDNA recognition sites of archaeal and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORC WHDs are distinct. Here, we solved the high‐resolution crystal structure of the human ORC2 WHD, although its complex with dsDNA is difficult to crystallize due to its weak binding affinities. The near‐complete NMR backbone assignments and chemical shift perturbations reveal a new dsDNA binding topology in addition to the conserved β‐sheet hairpin region, in which residues show higher dynamics. The key interacting residues (R540, K548, and K549) were validated by mutagenesis studies. Our data suggest that the ORC2 WHD recognizes dsDNA sequences through its flexible β‐sheet hairpin as an anchor point, while the rest of the protein adopts various orientations in different species. This weak but real interaction module identified by NMR is useful for the structural reconstruction of large biomolecular complexes using cryo‐EM. The binding topology and dynamics of ORC2 WHDs were also underpinned by molecular dynamics simulations.
Geriatric syndromes and quality of life in older adults with diabetes
Authors: Yang Yi‐Ching , Lin Ming‐Hsing , Wang Chong‐Shan , Lu Feng‐Hwa , Wu Jin‐Shang , Cheng Hui‐Ping , Lin Sang‐I 
Published: April 2019

AimTo describe geriatric syndromes and their relationships with quality of life in older adults with diabetes.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (aged >60 years) with diabetes (n = 316) participated in the present study. Eight geriatric syndromes, including polypharmacy (number of medications), pain (Brief Pain Inventory), urinary incontinence (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire), sleep disturbance (hours of sleep), lower cognitive level (Mini‐Mental State Examination), falls, depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale short form) and functional limitation (Barthel Index and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living), were assessed. The WHOQOL‐BREF Taiwan version was used to measure physical, psychological, social and environmental domains of quality of life.ResultsPolypharmacy was the most common geriatric syndrome (46.6%), followed by pain (41.5%). Participants with any of the geriatric syndromes, except for polypharmacy and sleep disturbance, had significantly poorer quality of life than those without. The Geriatric Depression Scale score was the only common and significant contributor to all four domains of quality of life, explaining 16~29% of the variance. Number of medications, pain level and cognitive level were also significant contributors, although they explained a small amount (<5%) of the variance. The number of geriatric syndromes (mode = 2) was significantly correlated with all four domains of quality of life (partial correlation r = −0.278~0.460, all P < 0.001).ConclusionsGeriatric syndromes, especially polypharmacy and pain, were common among older adults with diabetes. A greater number of geriatric syndromes or a higher Geriatric Depression Scale score were associated with poorer quality of life. Further studies focusing on combinations of different geriatric syndromes or comorbidities are required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 518–524.
Transcriptome‐wide analysis of N6‐methyladenosine uncovers its regulatory role in gene expression in the lepidopteran Bombyx mori
Authors: Li B. , Wang X. , Li Z. , Lu C. , Zhang Q. , Chang L. , Li W. , Cheng T. , Xia Q. , Zhao P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most common form of RNA modification in eukaryotes and has been shown to act as an important epitranscriptomic marker, which can regulate gene expression, messenger RNA stability, alternative splicing and translation efficiency. Recent progress on determining insect m6A function has been limited to the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, in which m6A is involved in neuronal functions and sex determination. Methylation and function of m6A in other insects, however, remain unknown. Here, we investigated a transcriptome‐wide profile of m6A in the lepidopteran Bombyx mori and identified the methyltransferase subunits B. mori methyltransferase‐like 3 (BmMETTL3) and BmMETTL14 in the m6A methylation pathway. Strikingly, loss of BmMETTL3 and BmMETTL14 in cultured B. mori cells led to arrest of cell cycle progression and caused deficiency of chromosome alignment and segregation. Specifically, we identified 2853 m6A peaks representing transcripts of 2043 genes, and the target genes with m6A methylation were shown to be involved in gene expression and translation. It was interesting that we found that the highly expressed genes tended to be methylated by m6A, and comparative analysis of RNA m6A and DNA N6‐methyladenine (6mA) revealed two distinct regulatory mechanisms for gene expression. Overall, our work suggests RNA m6A and DNA 6mA play important roles in RNA and DNA epigenetic regulation in B. mori.
Wernicke encephalopathy hearing loss and palinacousis
Authors: Nguyen Janette T. T. , Franconi Catherine , Prentice Andrew , Wycoco Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological emergency that develops in the setting of thiamine deficiency, and is characterised by symptoms of confusion, ophthalmoplegia and gait ataxia. Less recognised signs and symptoms include vestibular dysfunction, hearing impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and in severe cases, coma. This case study describes a non‐alcoholic patient, who presents with significant auditory and vestibular changes in addition to the classic symptoms of WE. This case report describes a non‐alcoholic patient who developed deafness, severe horizontal canal paresis and symptoms of palinacousis in the setting of WE as a complication of a recent gastric sleeve operation.
The African elephant Loxodonta spp conservation programmes of North Carolina Zoo: two decades of using emerging technologies to advance in situ conservation efforts
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Bergl R. A. , Minter L. J. , Loomis M. R. , Kendall C. J. 
Published: April 2019

The North Carolina Zoo (Asheboro, NC, USA) has been actively involved with field‐based conservation initiatives targeting wild elephants in Africa for over 20 years. To overcome resource and logistical constraints faced by our African collaborators working in rural areas, the Zoo has helped to develop several emerging techniques and technologies. The Zoo's oldest field programme, which is still ongoing, uses novel anaesthesia techniques to fit satellite‐tracking collars on elephants in the field to gain a better understanding of their movement patterns in West and Central Africa. In addition, rangers use the real‐time tracking data generated from these collars as an early‐warning system to redirect roaming elephants back to protected areas before they come into conflict with human activities. The Zoo is also strengthening capacity for anti‐poaching activities by digitizing and standardizing patrol data collection. To this end, the Zoo has supported the development and implementation of Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) conservation software, a freely available and fully customizable package that allows patrol data to be collected on handheld devices such as smartphones, from where it can be imported into computers for automated analysis and report generation. To date, the Zoo has helped implement SMART at 14 protected areas in five African countries, several of which contain substantial elephant populations. To ensure the effectiveness and sustainable use of these technologies, ongoing training and technical support are provided, and are considered vital components of all our field programmes.
Effects of substrate, ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement shade on the color of CAD/CAM lithium‐disilicate crowns
Authors: Czigola Alexandra , Abram Emese , Kovacs Zoltan I. , Marton Krisztina , Hermann Peter , Borbely Judit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of substrate colors, different levels of ceramic thickness and translucency, and cement shades on the color difference from a reference color of lithium‐disilicate crowns.Materials and MethodsA premolar tooth preparation was made on a study model for 1.0 and 1.5 mm thick full‐ceramic crowns. Digital impressions were taken (3Shape TRIOS) and crowns designed in a CAD program (DentalDesigner). Shade A1 crowns were milled (Everest, Kavo) from high‐translucency (HT) and low‐translucency IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks. Twelve substrates were made of different colors and materials (Natural Die Material, Co‐Cr, zirconia, and gold‐colored alloy). Three different shades of try‐in pastes were used to simulate the effect of cements (Variolink Esthetic try‐in paste; Ivoclar). Shade measurement was done three times for each crown by a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance); averages were compared to a reference crown (A1, HT, 1.5 mm, ND2 abutment, neutral try‐in paste) with ΔE00 (CIEDE2000, according to the CIE latest standard) calculated.ResultsAll the examined parameters influenced the ΔE00 of the crowns. The weakest effect was exerted by the try‐in paste.ConclusionsAll examined parameters influenced the final color of e.max CAD lithium‐disilicate ceramic crowns.Clinical SignificanceMatching the shade of ceramic crowns to the natural tooth color is a great challenge in dentistry. To meet patients' increasing esthetical expectations, CAD/CAM methods are very popular for full‐ceramic crowns. However, several factors such as the shade of the abutment, luting cement color, ceramic thickness, and translucency may influence the final color. Our objective was to measure the optical effect of these factors on the final shade of CAD/CAM lithium‐disilicate ceramic crowns.
The global economic costs of substituting dietary protein from fish with meat, grains and legumes, and dairy
Authors: Cazcarro Ignacio , López‐Morales Carlos A. , Duchin Faye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper estimates the costs to replace fish by protein from meat, from grains and legumes, or from dairy products. We apply the World Trade Model, an input–output model of the interactions among major world regions based on comparative advantage, to analyze alternative scenarios about protein content and sources in global diets. We find that the substitution of fish by meat or dairy entails several trillion U.S. dollars of additional costs annually, corresponding to increased use of pastureland, cropland, water, and other factors of production. The price of animal products increases steeply as higher‐cost producers need to come online, yielding rents to owners of scarce resources. By contrast, the global economy adjusts at significantly lower costs to the substitution of fish by grains and legumes, but this dietary shift involves substantial modification in the mix of agricultural output and its geographic distribution. There have been few analytic studies able to associate costs and prices directly with specific combinations of dietary options. We provide a flexible economic framework for analyzing alternative scenarios about the present and future production of food. The focus on the provision of protein for the human diet, allowing for substitutions between land‐based and aquatic sources, lays the groundwork for subsequent closer examinations of the potential future contribution of aquaculture and, in a yet broader framework, the impact of the coming generation of large dams on fish habitat and freshwater ecosystems more generally.
Role of the posterodorsal medial amygdala in predator odour stress‐induced puberty delay in female rats
Authors: Li Xiao Feng , Adekunbi Daniel A. , Alobaid Hussah M. , Li Shengyun , Pilot Michel , Lightman Stafford L. , O'Byrne Kevin T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPuberty onset is influenced by various factors, including psychosocial stress. The present study investigated cat‐odour stress on puberty onset and oestrous cyclicity in rats. Female weanling rats were exposed to either soiled cat litter or fresh unused litter for 10 consecutive days. Following vaginal opening (VO), rats were smeared for 14 days to determine oestrous cyclicity. Anxiety‐like behaviour was assessed using standard anxiety tests. Brains were collected to determine corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor 1 (CRF‐R1) and CRF receptor 2 (CRF‐R2) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) and the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MEA). Cat odour delayed VO and first oestrus, disrupted oestrous cycles and caused anxiogenic responses. Cat odour elicited increased CRF mRNA expression in the PVN but not in the CeA. CRF‐R1 and CRF‐R2 mRNA levels in the PVN and CeA were unaffected by cat odour; however, CRF‐R1 mRNA levels were decreased in the MeA. The role of CRF signalling in the MeA, particularly its posterodorsal subnucleus (MePD), with respect to pubertal timing was directly examined by unilateral intra‐MePD administration of CRF (0.2 nmol day‐1 for 14 days) via an osmotic mini‐pump from postnatal day 24 and was shown to delay VO and first oestrus. These data suggest that CRF signalling in the MePD may be associated with predator odour‐induced puberty delay.
Femoral morphology of sciuromorph rodents in light of scaling and locomotor ecology
Authors: Wölfer Jan , Amson Eli , Arnold Patrick , Botton‐Divet Léo , Fabre Anne‐Claire , van Heteren Anneke H. , Nyakatura John A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSciuromorph rodents are a monophyletic group comprising about 300 species with a body mass range spanning three orders of magnitude and various locomotor behaviors that we categorized into arboreal, fossorial and aerial. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the interplay of locomotor ecology and body mass affects the morphology of the sciuromorph locomotor apparatus. The most proximal skeletal element of the hind limb, i.e. the femur, was selected, because it was shown to reflect a functional signal in various mammalian taxa. We analyzed univariate traits (effective femoral length, various robustness variables and the in‐levers of the muscles attaching to the greater, third and lesser trochanters) as well as femoral shape, representing a multivariate trait. An ordinary least‐squares regression including 177 species was used to test for a significant interaction effect between body mass and locomotor ecology on the variables. Specifically, it tested whether the scaling patterns of the fossorial and aerial groups differ when compared with the arboreal, because the latter was identified as the ancestral sciuromorph condition via stochastic character mapping. We expected aerial species to display the highest trait values for a given body mass as well as the steepest slopes, followed by the arboreal and fossorial species along this order. An Ornstein–Uhlenbeck regression fitted to a phylogenetically pruned dataset of 140 species revealed the phylogenetic inertia to be very low in the univariate traits, hence justifying the utilization of standard regressions. These variables generally scaled close to isometry, suggesting that scaling adjustments might not have played a major role for most of the femoral features. Nevertheless, the low phylogenetic inertia indicates that the observed scaling patterns needed to be maintained during sciuromorph evolution. Significant interaction effects were discovered in the femoral length, the centroid size of the condyles, and the in‐levers of the greater and third trochanters. Additionally, adjustments in various femoral traits reflect the acquisitions of fossorial and aerial behaviors from arboreal ancestors. Using sciuromorphs as a focal clade, our findings exemplify the importance of statistically accounting for potential interaction effects of different environmental factors in studies relating morphology to ecology.
Are there interventions that improve breastfeeding and the use of breast milk in late preterm infants?
Authors: Evans Louise , Hilditch Cathie , Keir Amy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo answer the clinical question ‘Among late preterm infants are there any interventions that improve the rates of breastfeeding and the use of breast milk compared with current practice?’. MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, the Maternity and Infant Care Database and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles. Articles were excluded if they did not discuss specific interventions to improve breastfeeding, for example, if they only commented on factors such as age, race and education. Articles were also excluded if they were not specific to the late preterm infant population. A total of 516 articles were found and screened by title and abstract independently by two reviewers. The full text of 17 articles was independently reviewed. The reference lists of these full‐text articles were screened, and 14 abstracts were subsequently reviewed. The final analysis included three studies. There is limited high‐quality research evidence for interventions to improve breastfeeding in late preterm infants. In the absence of robust academic research, clinical practice should be guided by clinical expertise and involve a multidisciplinary team, including qualified lactation consultants. While it seems reasonable for hospitals to support interventions that improve breastfeeding in term infants, managing late preterm infants as healthy term infants without additional specialist support may result in high breastfeeding failure rates among late preterm infants.
Testing of life history traits of a soilborne pathogen in vitro: Do characteristics of oospores change according the strains of Aphanomyces euteiches and the host plant infected by the pathogen?
Authors: Billard Estelle , Quillévéré‐Hamard Anne , Lavaud Clément , Pilet‐Nayel Maire Laure , Le May Christophe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAphanomyces euteiches is a polyphagous, homothallic soilborne pathogen producing asexual (zoospores) and sexual (oospores) spores. Even if oospores are essential for disease development and survival, to date, no study has focused on the production rates of oospores or the quality of the offspring produced by oospores. In this study, a nonabrasive oospore extraction method from infected roots of leguminous species (pea, faba bean and vetch) was developed. This methodology includes steps of grinding and filtration. The quality of oospores (viable, dormant and dead) was assessed with tetrazolium bromide staining, and germination of oospores was tested using exudates of peas, faba bean and vetch. The average yield of the extraction method was approximately 21%. Staining revealed some differences between strains and between leguminous species. The germination percentage of oospores extracted from pea, faba bean and vetch was 25%, 62% and 70%, respectively, and a significant difference was observed according to the origin of A. euteiches‐inoculated strains. Application of exudates seems to stimulate the germination of oospores (2% for the control, 18% for pea exudates and 1% for vetch exudates). Differences observed between A. euteiches strains and leguminous species indicate that more knowledge concerning the biology of oospores is needed. This will help to better estimate evolution process of the pathogen and manage resistance and crop successions.