bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug treatment of true gynecomastia in overweight adult men
Authors: Eristavi S. Kh. , Rozhivanov R. V. , Nikankina L. V. , Kolesnikova G. S. , Rozhivanova E. R. , Andreeva E. N. , Mel’nichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: True gynecomastia is associated with excess body mass, which is caused by an imbalance of androgens/estrogens. Therefore, there is an interest in evaluating the possibility of drug therapy for this condition through the use of antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors.AIM: To evaluate the possibility of drug therapy for true gynecomastia in adult men with excess body mass through the use of clomiphene or letrozole.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included men with newly developed gynecomastia and excess body mass who sought medical help at the Endocrinology Research Center from January 2020 to May 2024, and received either clomiphene therapy or letrozole for a period of 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated for the condition of their breast glands, total bilirubin, liver transaminases, creatinine, urea, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, total testosterone, alpha-fetoprotein, and chorionic gonadotropin. The baseline level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: With clomiphene treatment, no statistically significant differences were found in the evaluated parameters, except for estradiol and testosterone levels, which increased. Clomiphene therapy worsened the condition of three patients (13% (95% CI 2,8;33,6)) - they experienced breast pain that was not present at the time of prescription. With letrozole treatment, there was a positive trend - all evaluated parameters significantly improved. Comparing the changes in the studied parameters, it was found that letrozole treatment had a better effect in terms of the severity of gynecomastia (-1[0;-1] degree), reduction in estradiol levels (-31,7[-8,8;-90,8] pmol/l), and also reduced the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal of gynecomastia (-63,4% (95% CI -46,9;-77,9)).CONCLUSION: The use of an aromatase inhibitor reduces the severity of gynecomastia and decreases the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal.
Designing platforms for digital object-based learning
Authors: McKenzie Jessica , Rampe Michael 
Published: November 2024

Over the last decade, object-based learning programs have become a staple of museum collections. These programs encourage and allow patrons to engage with a series of curated objects, offering educational experiences through tactile exploration. Naturally, they are focused on having their audience engage with the physical objects themselves (Chatterjee & Hannan 2016). Applying museological practice and object-based learning in the digital context requires not just presenting digital replica of physical objects, but scaffolding their presentation and platform with purpose, intent, and understanding of the strengths and pitfalls of digital delivery (Beetham & Sharpe 2013; De Kluis, Romp, & Land-Zandstra 2024). As such, digital object-based learning platforms and programs purposefully designed for remote learning and online delivery fill a unique niche in the higher education space and are beginning to come into their own.
At Macquarie University, objectbasedlearning.com (an initiative of the Faculty of Arts and stewarded by its Learning Design and Production team) was relaunched in late 2023 following an extensive redesign, with learning designers, academics, and students now working together to provide new remote learning opportunities and experiences for the classroom. This presentation introduces the audience to the refurbished website, explains the ethos behind its redesign with an eye to evolving learning spaces and remote learning, and explores the site’s current and future applications and projects as a case study for designing digital object-based learning.
The site was designed with future utility and outreach at its core, offering flexibility in how it presents and categorizes digital objects, and a site layout which reflects the needs of its target audience – schoolteachers. The NSW Stages 5 and 6 Curriculum informs the website’s design, determining how objects are grouped, how users navigate the site, and what information and metadata is prioritized, developed, and displayed. Since its relaunch, the website has been utilized in schools and faculties in NSW to deliver object-based learning experiences and classes. While it is too early to publish on outcomes of the project, early feedback has been positive, and new teaching initiatives have developed around the platform. In 2024, student interns at Macquarie were challenged to develop educational materials, lessons, and workshops which took advantage of the potential of technology-enabled object-based learning. These artefacts were designed to give students a unique object-based learning experience, removing the boundaries of physical distance, financial constraints, and fragility of objects. Moreover, student interns involved in the photogrammetric scanning of objects for the website were themselves enjoying an object-based learning experience, engaging with their materiality and learning how best to present the object in a digital environment.
Recent advances in the characterization of genetically defined neurons that regulate internal‐state‐dependent taste modification in mice
Authors: Nakajima Ken‐ichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe gustatory system plays an important role in evaluating food quality in animals and humans. While some tastes are intrinsically appetitive, such as sweet, which is elicited from high‐calorie nutrients, the other tastes, such as sour and bitter, are aversive and elicited by toxic substances. In mice, taste signals are relayed by multiple regions of the brain, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of the pons, before reaching the gustatory cortex via the gustatory thalamus. Recent advances in taste research using mice expressing Cre recombinase in specific neuronal populations, together with chemogenetic/optogenetic tools, have enabled us to identify genetically defined neurons involved in taste transduction pathways across several areas of the brain. While gustatory pathways play a fundamental role in taste transduction, taste preferences are not always stable, but rather vary depending on internal states. This review summarizes recent progress in research on neural circuits that modify the taste information depending on internal states in mice.
Assessing the proximate compositions of indigenous forage species in Yemen’s pastoral rangelands
Authors: Louhaichi Mounir , Al-koor Basel Abdulla Salem , Gamoun Mouldi , Abdurahman Anwar Adam Abdulgader , Hassan Sawsan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Plant diversity in southern Yemen is crucial for maintaining rangeland ecosystem functions. This diversity contributes to the resilience of local pastoral communities, by providing essential forage and resources. However, high stocking density has led to the overuse of palatable species, resulting in increased competition for forage. This study evaluates the nutritional value of 25 indigenous forage species from the natural rangelands of Lahij Governorate. Significant variations were observed among the Forage species, with moisture content ranging from 4 to 39.6%, crude protein from 5.5 to 21.4%, non-fiber carbohydrates from 31.8 to 66.4%, crude fiber from 8.3 to 42.65%, and ash content from 9.2 to 34.6%. Clitoria ternatea, Lycium barbarum, Senegalia mellifera, Vigna sinensis, Albizia lebbeck, and Acacia trees with crude protein content higher than 16% showed substantial potential as livestock feed due to their favorable proximate compositions. Incorporating these high-potential species into regular livestock diets could significantly enhance the sustainability and productivity of pastoral systems in southern Yemen, addressing the current fodder shortage.
Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal formulation in the management of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection
Authors: Qureshi Almas , Rahman Rais ur , Shamsi Yasmeen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent reasons for prescribing antibiotics. Escherichia coli implicated in 75–90 % cases of UTI is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Finding alternative therapeutic agent for this infection is critical, for which herbal drugs may be an option. In Unani medicine, urinary tract infection (Ṭa’diya Majra-i-Bawl) is treated with herbal drugs possessing Da’fe Ufoonat (antiseptic), Muhallilat (anti-inflammatory) and Mudirrat (diuretic) properties. Polyherbal formulations of such drugs are expected to be beneficial in treating Escherichia coli infection. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a Unani polyherbal formulation aimed to develop a safe and efficacious drug for the treatment of urinary tract infection (Ṭa’diya Majra-i-Bawl) caused by Escherichia coli.

Methods
This open-label, single armed clinical study was conducted on patients with clinical signs and symptoms of UTI and positive urine culture for E. coli. Patients were treated with the polyherbal formulation consisting of 50 % hydro-alcoholic extracts of Khar Khasak (Tribulus terrestris), Bhui Amla (Phyllanthus niruri), Kabab Cheeni (Piper cubeba), Beekh -i-Kasni (Cichorium intybus), Beekh-i-Karafs (Apium graveolens), Asl-us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in a dose of one capsule (500 mg) thrice a day orally with plain water for 42 days.

Results
Maximum (83 %) urine cultures turned out negative for E. coli after the completion of therapy.

Conclusions
Polyherbal Unani formulation was found to be very effective for the treatment of Urinary tract infection. Clinical and microbiological cure was achieved in maximum number of patients and drug was very well tolerated without any adverse/side effect.
Forest soil CO2 emission in Quercus robur level II monitoring site
Authors: Zoran Galić , Karaklić Velisav , Marković Slobodan B. , Kiš Alen , Samardžić Miljan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, the soil CO2 emission was analysed at the level II ICP Forests monitoring plot in Serbia in the pedunculate oak forest. Two plots of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were selected for this study. The main question was to determine the differences in the impact of management (human impact) on CO2 emission. Different time periods were compared to identify the main factors affecting soil CO2 emission. Sampling was done by chambers. During the study period, climate indicators were quite different. A strong positive correlation between the soil temperature and soil CO2 emission, as well as a strong negative correlation between the soil moisture and soil CO2 emission, was found in the spring aspect (Plot). In other cases, a moderate to weak correlation was found. Multiple linear regressions showed that CO2 emission from soil was primarily controlled by soil moisture. Increasing soil water content had a positive effect on soil respiration (except in spring). The effect of soil temperature appeared in the multiple regressions as a secondary factor during the period studied, and an increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in soil respiration (except in spring).
Eine auf Deutschland orientierte bewaffnete Neutralität
Authors: Kopõtin Igor 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht die Ursachen, Formen und Akteure der militärpolitischen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Estland in den 1930er Jahren. Auf estnischer Seite ergab sich das Interesse an einer Kooperation aus dem Umstand, dass die estnische Führung die Sowjetunion als einzigen wahrscheinlichen Feind in einem zukünftigen Krieg betrachtete. Auf deutscher Seite sollten die Beziehungen die Neutralität des baltischen Landes sichern und seine Bereitschaft zur Abwehr gegenüber der Sowjetunion stärken. Es war im Interesse Deutschlands, dass Estland sowie andere Randstaaten keine sowjetischen Truppen durch ihr Territorium lassen würden. Darüber hinaus war das deutsche Interesse an Estland durch dessen geografische Lage – an der Ostsee und nahe Leningrad gelegen – motiviert. Dies ermöglichte es dem deutschen militärischen Nachrichtendienst, Estland als Stützpunkt gegen die Sowjetunion zu nutzen.
Effectiveness of supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise in fatigue of prostate cancer survivors under androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martín Núñez Javier , Heredia Ciuró Alejandro , Calvache Mateo Andrés , Ortiz Rubio Araceli , Valenza Peña Geraldine , Raya Benítez Julia , Valenza Marie Carmen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cancer-related fatigue is prevalent in prostate cancer patients. This symptom can negatively affect patients’ performance and emotional well-being, but there is no consensus on the best therapeutic approach. Despite the growing evidence on the management of fatigue with exercise, there are recognised limitations in its use when considering the different cancer patients. Specifically, prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy present several contributors to fatigue, emotional distress, inactivity, and deconditioning. The aim of this research was to describe the current literature on the effects of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training on fatigue in patients under androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods
We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The GRADE and the Cochrane tools were used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the selected studies. Only randomised controlled trials in which combined aerobic and resistance training was used with prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy were included. A cancer-related fatigue meta-analysis was performed.

Results
Nine studies with a low risk of bias were included in the review. Regarding cancer-related fatigue, significant results that cannot be attributed to chance were found in favour of combined exercise (MD=0.71; 95 %; CI=0.05, 1.37; p=0.03; I2=91 %). The GRADE system showed a moderate recommendation.

Conclusions
Supervised combined aerobic and resistance training was proven to significantly improve fatigue in patients with prostate cancer under androgen deprivation therapy. These findings could provide clinicians with more information on the management of cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy.
Real-world analysis of the incidence and risk factors of pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with combined thoracic radiotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yuanxin , Yang Xue , Wang Yan , Zhou Laiyan , Xue Jianxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has emerged as an important therapeutic regimen. However, this combined treatment may increase the risk of pneumonitis. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors for pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving combined thoracic radiotherapy and ICI (RT + ICI) treatment in the real-world clinical setting, offering a reference and guidance for clinical physicians.

Methods
This study identified 447 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2021. Clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and hematological data were collected and analyzed.

Results
Patients receiving combined RT + ICI treatment had a higher risk of developing pneumonitis than those receiving ICI treatment alone (26.9 vs. 6.7 %, p<0.001). The multivariate logistic analysis identified the following independent risk factors for pneumonitis in patients undergoing combined RT + ICI treatment: history of lung disease (p=0.032), first-line ICI treatment (p=0.001), anti-PD-L1 instead of anti-PD-1 treatment (p=0.035), and the development of immunotherapy-related thyroid dysfunction (p=0.019). The independent risk factors were incorporated into a nomogram to predict the incidence of pneumonitis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.727, suggesting an acceptable predictive efficacy.

Conclusions
Compared to ICI monotherapy, NSCLC patients receiving the combination of thoracic radiotherapy and ICI treatment are at higher risk of developing pneumonitis. The nomogram holds promise for facilitating the risk assessment and early identification of pneumonitis in NSCLC patients receiving combined RT + ICI treatment.
The archaeological record of the Qaraçay River Basin along the northern piedmont of the Lesser Caucasus
Authors: Ricci Andrea , Fiori Stefania , Huseynov Muzzafer , Jalilov Bakhtiyar , Kneisel Jutta , Raese Hendrik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis project documents the current archaeological record of the Qaraçay River Basin in western Azerbaijan. Integrating intensive pedestrian survey, satellite imagery analysis and topographic mapping, the study identified 85 kurgans, six necropolises and nine sites from the Chalcolithic or medieval periods. The authors believe this demonstrates the potential for further archaeological studies in the region.
Mildly elevated serum prolactin level may be a protective factor for preventing thickening of the carotid intima-media in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Baoyu , Ke Jing , Zhang Ning , Zhao Wenying , Zhong Liyong 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between the serum prolactin (PRL) level and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsIn this study, 1,500 participants were divided into three groups based on the serum PRL level: hypoprolactinemia group (PRL ≤ 7 μg/L), normal PRL level group (7 μg/L < PRL ≤ 25 μg/L), and homeostatic functionally increased transient PRL (Ho-PRL) group (25 μg/L < PRL ≤ 100 μg/L). The independent-sample Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the CIMT among the three groups. The Spearman correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the CIMT, serum PRL level, and clinical data. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent factors that influence the CIMT.ResultIndividuals in the Ho-PRL group had a significantly lower CIMT compared to the hypoprolactinemia and normal PRL level groups (P < 0.001). The CIMT was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, duration of T2DM, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and negatively correlated with alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and PRL. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that only PRL was negatively associated with the CIMT, while age and SBP were positively associated with the CIMT.ConclusionIn patients with T2DM, a PRL level within the mildly elevated range is negatively correlated with the CIMT. A mildly elevated serum PRL level may be a protective factor for preventing thickening of the carotid intima-media.
Metodología para la identificación de variables representativas en la captura de datos in situ de espectroscopía
Authors: Valbuena Gaona Martha Patricia 
Published: November 2024

Spectral signatures are graphical representations that relate the electromagnetic spectrum to the wave response or amplitude, resulting from the interaction of objects and light. Each soil cover, due to the different composition of materials, generates a particular spectral response. Therefore, the automated classification of coverages, whether object-oriented or pixel-oriented, is based on the spectral response of the different segments or pixels, respectively. Spectral libraries are databases where these spectral responses are stored so that researchers or organizations involved in the collection, processing and analysis of these samples can work collaboratively, avoiding redundancy in the investigations and optimizing time in the development of the same. However, there is currently no defined metadata model to ensure interoperability between researchers or organisations that generate spectral signatures, so as a first step, it is necessary to identify those variables that turn out to be representative in the capture of spectral signatures. To make the respective parameter definition, different field coverage signatures are captured and spectrality is compared from the Spectral Angle Mapper - SAM algorithm.
Van der Waals magnetic materials for current-induced control toward spintronic applications
Authors: Ryu Jeongchun , Kajale Shivam Nitin , Sarkar Deblina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpintronics, leveraging electron spin for information processing, promises substantial advancements in energy-efficient computing. Van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials, with their unique-layered structures and exceptional magnetic properties, have emerged as pivotal components in this field. This report explores the current-based control of vdW magnets, focusing on the spin–orbit torque (SOT) mechanism, which is crucial for spintronic applications. Key studies on Fe3GaTe2/Pt and Fe3GaTe2/WTe2 heterostructures are highlighted, demonstrating efficient SOT switching at room temperature. The advantages of vdW magnets for SOT switching, including high spin-torque efficiencies and superior interface quality, are discussed. The report also examines future directions, such as wafer-scale growth techniques, materials design for enhanced Curie temperatures (Tc), and the development of magneto tunnel junctions using all-vdW materials. These advancements underscore the potential of vdW magnetic materials in developing scalable, high-performance spintronic devices, paving the way for significant breakthroughs in energy-efficient computing.
Graphical abstract
"EN PRENSA" Calostro como parte del tratamiento en hipoglucemia neonatal sintomática. "EN PRENSA"
Authors: Contreras Garduño Katia Andrea , Rojas Mayorquín Argelia Esperanza 
Published: November 2024

La hipoglucemia neonatal (HN) es una condición frecuente cuyo diagnóstico y manejo siguen siendo controversiales. El establecimiento y mantenimiento de la lactancia pueden verse afectados en pacientes con HN. Para evitar daño neurológico, se recomienda infusión intravenosa de glucosa en pacientes con HN sintomática. La administración intraoral de calostro como intervención ha sido poco explorada. Reportamos el caso de un recién nacido con HN sintomática cuya primera intervención fue la administración oral de calostro con una respuesta favorable. Conclusiones: La calostroterapia en el manejo de HN es una intervención de bajo costo, no invasiva y favorece el establecimiento de la lactancia.