bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke as a Cause of Death in Death Certificates of Patients with Dementia: A Cohort Study from the Swedish Dementia Registry
Authors: Subic Ana , Zupanic Eva , von Euler Mia , Norrving Bo , Cermakova Pavla , Religa Dorota , Winblad Bengt , Kramberger Milica G. , Eriksdotter Maria , Garcia-Ptacek Sara 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Patients with dementia may be at a higher risk for death from stroke. We aimed
to describe characteristics of dementia patients that died from ischemic stroke (IS) in Sweden.

Methods:
A retrospective longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data of patients registered into
the Swedish Dementia Registry was conducted. Data on causes of death, drugs and comorbidities were
acquired from the Swedish nationwide health registers. Deaths were attributed to stroke if the death certificate
contained stroke as a cause of death and the patient had a stroke registered in Riksstroke, the
Swedish Stroke Register, in the year preceding death. Demographic data at the time of dementia diagnosis
was compared between patients dying from IS and registered in Riksstroke, patients dying from IS
without being registered in Riksstroke and those dying from other causes.

Results:
Out of 49823 patients diagnosed with dementia between 2007 and 2014 in primary care or specialist
clinics, 14170 (28.4%) had died by the end of 2014. Of these 1180 (8.3%) had IS in their death
certificate, of which 459 (38.9%) had been registered in Riksstroke. In patients who died of IS the most
common type of dementia was vascular dementia while those died from other causes were most often
diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Patients who died from IS and were registered in Riksstroke
had higher MMSE score compared to other groups. Patients who died from IS took more cardiovascular
medications. There were no differences in the use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors, memantine, anxiolytics, or hypnotics between the groups.

Conclusions:
There was a relatively high number of patients who died from IS as shown in their death
certificate but had not been registered in Riksstroke in the year before death. This creates concerns on
the accuracy of death certificate stroke diagnoses, particularly for deaths taking place outside hospitals.
Correlation Between DTI Findings and Volume of Corpus Callosum in Children with AUTISM
Authors: Temur Hafize Otcu , Yurtsever Ismail , Yesil Gozde , Sharifov Rasul , Yilmaz Fatih Temel , Dundar Tolga Turan , Alkan Alpay 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in
which neurological basis is largely unknown. The Corpus Callosum (CC) is the main commissure
that connects the cerebral hemispheres. Previous evidence suggests the involvement of the CC in
the pathophysiology of autism.

Aim:
The aim of our study is to assess whether there were any changes in Corpus Callosum (CC)
area and volume and to reveal the relationship between Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) features in
genu and splenium of corpus callosum in children with ASD.

Methods:
Eighteen patient and 15 controls were recruited. The volumetric sagittal TI images were
used to provide measurements of midsagittal corpus callosum surface area while FA, MD, RD, and
ADC values were extracted from genu and splenium of corpus callosum after which the correlation
in the area and volume in ASD children was examined.

Results:
CC area and volume in children with ASD were decreased than controls. FA values obtained
from the genu and splenum of CC were significantly lower and RD values were significantly
higher. A positive correlation was observed between the FA of the genu and splenium and area and
volume of the CC. There was a negative correlation between ADC, MD and RD of CC and area
and volume measurements.

Conclusion:
The conclusions in the interrelations of morphometric and DTI data may demonstrate
a likelihood of damages in the axons and cortical neurons. The results showed that there existed
microstructural damages from the DTI findings. Furthermore, the decrease in FA could be a representation
of the reduction in the myelination in nerve pathways, impaired integrity, reduced axonal
density, and organization. Indeed, the changes in volumetric and microstructural of CC could be
useful in evaluating underlying pathophysiology in children with autism.
Image-based QSAR Model for the Prediction of P-gp Inhibitory Activity of Epigallocatechin and Gallocatechin Derivatives
Authors: Ghaemian Paria , Shayanfar Ali 
Published: October 2018

<P>Background: Permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the cell membrane proteins that
can push some drugs out of the cell causing drug tolerance and its inhibition can prevent drug
resistance.

Objective:
In this study, we used image-based Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)
models to predict the P-gp inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin and gallocatechin derivatives.

Methods:
The 2D-chemical structures and their P-gp inhibitory activity were taken from literature.
The pixels of images and their Principal Components (PCs) were calculated using MATLAB software.
Principle Component Regression (PCR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine
(SVM) approaches were used to develop QSAR models. Statistical parameters included the
leave one out cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) for internal validation of the models and R2
of test set, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) were
applied for external validation.

Results:
Six PCs from image analysis method were selected by stepwise regression for developing
linear and non-linear models. Non-linear models i.e. ANN (with the R2 of 0.80 for test set) were chosen
as the best for the established QSAR models.

Conclusion:
According to the result of the external validation, ANN model based on image analysis
method can predict the P-gp inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin and gallocatechin derivatives better
than the PCR and SVM models.</P>
Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization Related to Anthrax Lethal Factor by using Carbon Nanotube Modified Sensors
Authors: Karadeniz Hakan , Erdem Arzum 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Anthrax Lethal Factor (ANT) is the dominant virulence factor produced by
B. anthracis and is the major cause of death of infected animals. In this paper, pencil graphite electrodes
GE were modified with single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the detection
of hybridization related to the ANT DNA for the first time in the literature.

Methods:
The electrochemical monitoring of label-free DNA hybridization related to ANT DNA was
explored using both SCNT and MCNT modified PGEs with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
The performance characteristics of ANT-DNA hybridization on disposable GEs were explored by
measuring the guanine signal in terms of optimum analytical conditions; the concentration of SCNT
and MCNT, the concentrations of probe and target, and also the hybridization time. Under the optimum
conditions, the selectivity of probe modified electrodes was tested and the detection limit was
calculated.

Results:
The selectivity of ANT probes immobilized onto MCNT-GEs was tested in the presence of
hybridization of probe with NC no response was observed and with MM, smaller responses were observed
in comparison to full-match DNA hybridization case. Even though there are unwanted substituents
in the mixture samples containing both the target and NC in the ratio 1:1 and both the target
and MM in the ratio 1:1, it has been found that ANT probe immobilized CNT modified graphite sensor
can also select its target by resulting with 20.9% decreased response in comparison to the one
measured in the case of full-match DNA hybridization case Therefore, it was concluded that the detection
of direct DNA hybridization was performed by using MCNT-GEs with an acceptable selectivity.

Conclusion:
Disposable SCNT/MCNT modified GEs bring some important advantages to our assay
including easy use, cost-effectiveness and giving a response in a shorter time compared to unmodified
PGE, carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode developed for electrochemical monitoring
of DNA hybridization. Consequently, the detection of DNA hybridization related to the ANT
DNA by MCNT modified sensors was performed by using lower CNT, probe and target concentrations,
in a shorter hybridization time and resulting in a lower detection limit according to the SCNT
modified sensors. In conclusion, MCNT modified sensors can yield the possibilities leading to the
development of nucleic acid sensors platforms for the improvement of fast and cost-effective detection
systems with respect to DNA chip technology.
A Tutorial and Performance Analysis on ENVI Tools for SAR Image Despeckling
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad R. , Bahri-Aliabadi Babak , Salari Seyed R. , Samadi Sadegh , Rostami Habib , Karimi Vahid 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The presence of speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images
makes the images of low quality in terms of textural features and spatial resolution which are
required for processing issues such as image classification and clustering. Already, there are many
adaptive filters to remove noise in SAR images. ENVI software is a fully applicable tool for this
purpose which has a good library including several filters in the classes of adaptive, orderstatistics
and non-linear filters.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, the toolbox of ENVI is reviewed, analyzed and then
numerically evaluated based on several single-band images along with multi-band polarimetric
SAR (Pol-SAR) images achieved from SAR sensors such as TerraSAR-X. For evaluation, two
metrics including Equivalent Number of Looks (ENL) and Edge Preservation Index (EPI) are used
which show the ability of the filters in preserving jointly spatial/textural features based on general
information and edges quality, respectively.

Results:
It is notable that both metrics illustrate that some classic filters are better in comparison
to newer filters.

Conclusion:
The experiments can help us in selecting a better filter towards our aims. In this
respect, attention to the results of commercial filters of ENVI software and their analysis can
guide us to find the best case in order to process commercial data of SAR sensors in the
applications of environmental monitoring, geo-science studies, industrial usages and so on.
Extra-thoracic Extrinsic Compression: An Unusual Cause of Dysphagia
Authors: Rao Sirish C. , Sathyamurthy Anjana , Turse Erica P. , Dailey Francis D. , Tahan Veysel 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Dysphagia affects one in twenty-five adults yearly in the United States.

Objective:
While dysphagia may be common, the prevalence of dysphagia may be underestimated
primarily due to under-reporting. Dysphagia may be caused by intraluminal, intrinsic, extrinsic, or
motility disorders.
</P><P>
Method/Results: We present a case of dysphagia caused by extra-thoracic extrinsic compression due to
bra use.

Conclusion:
Despite many published reports on dysphagia caused by other diagnoses, we occasionally
overlook extrinsic abdominal compression as the cause for dysphagia.
Reseñas bibliográficas
Authors: Doligez François 
Published: October 2018

Revista Finanzas rurales y desarrolloCrédito para el desarrollo rural en Nicaragua. Un enfoque institucional sobre la experiencia del Fondo de Desarrollo LocalCrédito, seguro y ahorro rural: las vías de la autonomíaFinanzas sociales y comercialización. Experiencias de desarrollo local en MéxicoLes dollars de la migration mexicaine. Réinsertion et investissement des migrants internationauxNuevas pautas para México. Observaciones sobre remesas, donaciones filantrópicas y desarrollo equitativoFinanciamiento de las cadenas agrícolas de valorFortalecimento de los vínculos de agro negocios con los pequeños agricultores. Estudios de caso en América Latina y el Caribe
El secuestro virtual en el continuum de la violencia. Visibilizar lo que se oscurece
Authors: Amescua Chávez Cristina 
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se analizará el tema de la violencia como causa y consecuencia del secuestro virtual buscando integrar sus dimensiones tanto individuales o personales, como familiares y colectivas. Desde una perspectiva social se dará cuenta de las diversas interacciones entre los factores que se entrelazan en este nuevo fenómeno. La violencia será entendida aquí como un ciclo continuo que se reproduce a sí mismo en forma de espiral. Para el análisis se utilizarán datos cuantitativos recabados tanto en instancias gubernamentales como a través de organismos de la sociedad civil, así como información cualitativa proporcionada por un estudio de caso de un secuestro virtual.Abstract: This article analyzes violence both as a cause and as a consequence of virtual kidnapping seeking to integrate individual and collective dimensions. From a social perspective, visibility will be given to the several interactions present in this new phenomenon. Violence will be understood as a continuous cycle reproducing itself constantly but in a spiral form. The analysis will draw from quantitative data collected among official sources as well as non governmental organizations, but it will also include a qualitative perspective build a case study of a specific virtual kidnapping.Résumé : Cet article analyse la violence comme cause et effet du kidnapping virtuel, en prenant en compte ses dimensions individuelles et collectives. Dans une perspective sociale, nous examinons les diverses interactions et facteurs en jeu dans ce nouveau phénomène. La violence est ici comprise comme un cycle continu qui se reproduit luimême sous la forme d’une spirale ascendante. L’analyse part de données quantitatives provenant aussi bien d’institutions gouvernementales que d’organismes de la société civile, ainsi que de données qualitatives fournies par une étude de cas d’un kidnapping virtuel.
La muerte de los pequeñitos: entre el dogma y las creencias populares. Francia, de finales de la Antigüedad a la Época Moderna
Authors: Séguy Isabelle 
Published: October 2018

A menudo, el nacimiento acompaña a la muerte, perturbando el ciclo de las generaciones y el orden social. La fragilidad biológica de los recién nacidos encuentra un eco en los ritos de presentación que durante mucho tiempo coincidieron con el final de ese período “de riesgo”. Los niños que fallecían en ese período intermedio tenían derecho a recibir tratamientos funerarios particulares, heredados de una representación arcaica de la muerte. En la Europa medieval y moderna, el destino de las almas infantiles siempre fue una preocupación para los padres y para toda la sociedad. A lo largo de los siglos, se redujo el plazo entre el nacimiento y el bautismo, hasta el punto de coincidir con el día del nacimiento, con el fin de asegurar la salvación espiritual de todos los recién nacidos. Para los que fallecían antes del bautismo, se pusieron en práctica algunas soluciones originales para evitar que sus almas vagasen eternamente en el Limbo y para darles una sepultura decente.Abstract: Often, birth alternates with death, disrupting the cycle of generations and social order. Family and social behavior to welcome the newborns spread out their biological frailty. For a long time, rites surrounding the social introduction of the newborn took place at the end of this “risk” period. Infants who died during this marginal period received particular funeral rites, heritage of an archaic representation of death. In Medieval and Modern Europe, parents and whole society were concerned with the future of children’s souls. By taking place as close at birth as possible, the Christian baptism allowed protecting child’s salvation, which was considered more important than his own survival. For those who died before this sacrament, original solutions were put in place to keep their souls from eternally wandering in limbo and to give them a decent burial.Résumé : Souvent la naissance voisine avec la mort, perturbant le cycle des générations et l’ordre social. La fragilité biologique des nouveau-nés trouve un écho dans les rites de présentation qui ont coïncidé longtemps avec la fin de la période “à risque”. Les enfants qui décédaient dans cette période de marge avaient droit à des traitements funéraires particuliers, hérités d’une représentation archaïque de la mort. Dans l’Europe médiévale et moderne, le devenir des âmes enfantines a toujours été une préoccupation pour les parents et pour la société tout entière. Au fil des siècles, le délai entre la naissance et le baptême s’est réduit, au point de coïncider le même jour, afin d’assurer le salut spirituel de tous les nouveau-nés. Pour ceux qui décédaient avant le baptême, des solutions originales ont été mises en oeuvre pour éviter que leurs âmes errent éternellement dans les limbes et pour leur donner une sépulture décente.
La muerte en París (siglos XVII y XVIII). Nuevas perspectivas
Authors: Croq Laurence 
Published: October 2018

En los siglos XVI y XVII, el acondicionamiento interior de las iglesias parroquiales parisinas muestra una fuerte apropiación de las familias burguesas que tienen ahí su sepultura familiar y su banca privada. Los testadores indican el lugar preciso en el que desean ser inhumados y dan instrucciones para la organización de su funeral (Chaunu). En el siglo XVIII, las fábricas limitan los entierros bajo el pavimento, antes de que se construyan fosas colectivas destinadas a recibir los cuerpos de todos los feligreses burgueses y también reemplazan las bancas familiares por sillas. Los testamentos se vuelven lacónicos, porque, a partir de ese momento, el lugar de inhumación se impone de acuerdo con el rango social, así como con el tipo y monto de los gastos funerarios. Se instaura un conformismo funerario y la inhumación se convierte en una ceremonia familiar independiente de las cualidades personales del difunto.Abstract: In the XVI-XVIIth centuries, the interior fittings of Parisian parish churches show a strong ownership by the middle-class families, who have their graves and their pews in there. The testators specify where they wish to be buried and give instructions to organize their funerals (Chaunu). In the XVIIIth century, churchwardens restrict burials under the pavement before constructing large cellars to receive the corpses of the bourgeois; they also replace pews by chairs. Wills become brief because the burial site is now imposed both by social rank and the type and amount of funeral expenses. A funeral standard is established, burial becomes a family event independent of personal qualities of the deceased.Résumé : Aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles, l’aménagement intérieur des églises paroissiales parisiennes témoigne d’une forte appropriation par les familles bourgeoises qui y ont leur sépulture familiale et leur banc clos. Les testateurs indiquent à quel endroit précis ils souhaitent être inhumés et donnent des consignes pour l’organisation de leurs funérailles (Chaunu). Au XVIIIe siècle, les fabriques limitent les enterrements sous le pavé avant de faire construire des caves collectives destinées à recevoir les corps de tous les paroissiens bourgeois ; ils remplacent aussi les bancs familiaux par des chaises. Les testaments deviennent laconiques parce que le lieu d’inhumation est désormais imposé par le rang social, comme le type et le montant des dépenses funéraires. Un conformisme funéraire s’instaure, l’inhumation devient une cérémonie familiale indépendante des qualités personnelles du défunt.
El suicidio entre los esclavos negros en el Caribe en general y en el francés en particular. Una manera de evasión considerada enfermedad, siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Malvido Elsa 
Published: October 2018

La historiografía considera generalmente que la esclavitud era “menos dura” en las colonias francesas que en las españolas; sin embargo, una importante documentación del siglo XVIII sobre las Antillas Menores francesas permite relativizar esa afirmación. En efecto, el suicidio era la suerte cotidiana de los esclavos de todas las plantaciones de esas colonias. ¿Quién se suicidaba? ¿Por qué? He ahí las preguntas a las que se pretende dar respuesta con este artículo. El suicidio era ante todo masculino y tenía como fin el regreso a la tierra de los antepasados. Ni los factores biológicos ni los culturales que permiten abordar la cuestión del suicidio de los esclavos son del todo suficientes para entender la magnitud del fenómeno. Lo que explica el suicidio son ante todo las condiciones de la esclavitud misma, puesto que abarcaba también a los jóvenes adultos y a los adolescentes.Abstract: Generally, historiography considers that slavery was “less harsh” in the French colonies than in the Spanish ones; however, an important documentation of the XVIIIth century on the French Lesser Antilles allows relativizing that assertion. In fact, suicide was every day’s fate of slaves of all plantations in those colonies. Who was suicidal? Why? These are the questions this article attempts to respond to. Suicide was first and foremost male, and was intended to allow returning to the land of the ancestors. Neither the biological nor the cultural factors that allow addressing the issue of suicide of slaves are enough to understand the magnitude of the phenomenon. Explanation to suicide is to be found first of all in the conditions of slavery itself, since it also covered the young adults and adolescents.Résumé : L’historiographie considère généralement que l’esclavage était “moins dur” dans les colonies françaises que dans leurs homologues espagnoles. Pour le XVIIIe siècle, une documentation conséquente sur les petites Antilles françaises permet de relativiser cette affirmation. En effet, le suicide des esclaves est le lot quotidien de toutes les plantations de ces colonies. Qui se suicide? Pourquoi? Voici les questions auxquelles prétend répondre cet article. Le suicide concerne en majorité des hommes et la finalité en serait le retour à la terre des ancêtres. Les facteurs biologiques et culturels qui permettent d’aborder la question du suicide des esclaves ne suffisent pas à expliquer l’amplitude du phénomène. Ce sont bel et bien les conditions de l’esclavage lui-même qui expliquent le suicide qui touche aussi de très jeunes adultes et adolescents.
‘Mål- og resultatstyring’ i universitetssektoren – realitets- eller illusionsdannelse?
Authors: Røge Kristian , Kure Nikolaj , Nørreklit Hanne 
Published: October 2018

Moderniseringsstyrelsen har i de seneste år udviklet vejledende materiale til fremme af ‘mål- og resultatstyring’ i departementerne. Denne artikel undersøger, hvor god den udviklede model for mål- og resultatstyring er til at opfylde målsætningen om at skabe effektive institutioner. Undersøgelsen baserer sig på en analyse af centrale begreber i Moderniseringsstyrelsens model til mål- og resultatstyring og i de implementerede resultatkontrakter mellem Ministeriet for Uddannelse og Forskning og universiteterne. Teoretisk bygger vi på pragmatisk konstruktivisme, som opstiller de begrebslige krav, der må stilles til et målings- og styringsværktøj, hvis det skal kunne siges at være et troværdigt redskab til at skabe en praksis, der rent faktisk fungerer. Analysen afslører, at modellen er domineret af dårligt skitserede begreber og mismatcher, der danner grundlag for skabelse af illusioner. Der er således behov for at udvikle en bedre begrebsramme til mål- og resultatstyring af offentlige institutioner. Dette er især væsentligt i en tid, hvor man snakker om at give mere beslutningsautonomi til ledere i den offentlige sektor. Det kræver nemlig et troværdigt begrebsapparat, hvormed ministerierne kan holde disse ledere ansvarlige for resultaterne af deres handlinger.