bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations minéralogiques et structurales accompagnant le passage «sols rouges - sols jaunes» dans un bassin versant caractéristique de la zone de contact forêt-savane de l'Afrique occidentale (Booro Borotou, Côte-d'Ivoire). / Mineralogical and structural changes associated with the transition «Red soils - Yellow soils» in a watershed at the border between the forest and the savannah zones of Western Africa (Booro Borotu, Ivory Coast)
Authors: Fritsch Emmanuel , Herbillon Adrien-Jules , Jeanroy Emmanuel , Pillon Patrick , Barres Odile 
Published: June 2018

Mineralogical and structural changes associated with the transition «Red soils -Yellow soils » in a watershed at the border between the forest and the savannah zones of Western Africa (Booro Borotou, Ivory Coast)
Most of the mineralogical, textural and structural changes occurring in the soil cover of a small watershed (136 ha) located in an area at the border between the forest and savannah zones had been previously attributed to the functioning and the development of different types of geochemical systems. The present study deals with the system that works in the upper part of the soil cover (A and В horizons) and transforms red clayey ferrallitic soils (located upslope in the catena) into yellow less clayey ferruginous ones (located downwards). It impoverishes the soils first in hematite, then in goethite and in kaolinite. Important structural and textural changes are orderly associated with the observed impoverishments in iron oxides and clay minerals. The mineralogy of the sand and the kaolinitic fractions of the different soils points to an inherited heterogeneity of the soil cover along the slopes : the soils located upslope have always been more clayey and more weathered than the soils located downslope. It is therefore postulated that at the beginning, the transforming system developed within a soil cover that, in terms of mineralogy, texture and structure, differed from the one where it works presently. At the present stage of its development, the system affects mainly the red soils located upslope.
Les massifs anciens des Pyrénées / The ancient massifs of the Pyrénées
Authors: Majesté-Menjoulas Claude , Debat Pierre , Mercier Alain 
Published: June 2018

The ancient massifs of the Pyrénées -Pyrénées is a polyorogenic belt whose major structure is Alpine (ECORS profile). Alpine deformations are very important and explain the inexistence of a consensual geodynamical model for the Variscan Pyrénées. Since the last thirty years, lot of works have been done on the Variscan Pyrénées. Though there is an unanimous agreement on the lithostratigraphic evolution, it exists sometimes different views about the tectonic structure and evolution, the metamorphism, the magmatism and the geodynamical model.
Metamorphic Precambrian is defined in the eastern part of the belt with the Canigou orthogneiss (535 Ma or 560-580 Ma). The Cambro-Ordovician is well known also in the eastern part with the Jujols and Canaveilles series. The age of these series is controversial. The Middle and Upper Ordovician is a fine detrital series with volcanism indicating an extensive context. The Silurian appears on the whole of the belt with black graphitic shales. Lower and Middle Devonian is first of all detrital and later carbonaceous. Frasnian in the Central Pyrénées shows a well-contrasted sedimentation with shallow-water limestones and turbiditic series deposited in elongated basins limited by listric faults. Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous are characterized by uniform carbonate deposits. During the Carboniferous foreland flysch (Culm) deposited and is followed, in the Stephanian time, by detrital series (conglomerates, sandstones) unconformably overlying the folded Culm.
The Hercynian Pyrenean metamorphism developed in large structure domes is characterized by : (1) metamorphic reactions leading to a granulitic facies in the upper part of the lower crust, and to a general migmatization in the lower part of the middle crust ; (2) a high metamorphic gradient of 50°C/km ; (3) a clockwise P-T trajectory. Ultrabasic and basic rocks are associated to the development of the thermal anomaly developing the metamorphism.
Numerous plutonic massifs (granitoides and basic rocks) crosscut the Variscan formations at different levels. They are a double origin : the basic rocks originated from the upper mantle after transformations, the granites originated from the anatexis of the lower part of the middle crust.
Structurally the Variscan Pyrénées are characterized by large structural domes developed in the metamorphic series and upright folds deforming the Upper formations. Relationships between these structures are interpreted by different models. More early large-scale thrusts progressing from north to south produce abnormal superpositions in the whole of the crust.
Only from 1985, different geodynamical models were being proposed. Variscan Pyrénées results to : intracontinental thinning ; collision following by extension ; intracontinental shortening ; thinning following by intracontinental shortening. The stratigraphie evolution of the upper Paleozoic series is compatible only with the two last models.
La charge de surface des solides divisés : origine, mesure et modélisation. / The surface charge of divided solids : origin, measurement and modeling
Authors: Thomas Fabien , Rakotonarivo Edouard , Bottero Jean-Yves 
Published: June 2018

The surface charge of divided solids : origin, measurement and modeling
Metallic oxides and hydroxides bear a charge resulting from the acid-base dissociation of the surface hydroxyls. The surface charge is neutralized by ions of opposite sign from the electrolyte solution. These counter-ions are organized as a double-layer : a layer of ions complexed by the surface hydroxylic sites (Stern layer), and an ionic cloud without any direct interaction with the surface (diffuse layer). The charge of the three characteristic planes : surface plane, average plane of the complexed counter-ions, and average plane of the diffuse layer, is measured respectively by Potentiometrie titration, analysis of the adsorbed ions, and from the electrokinetic potential (or ζ potential) which is generated at the hydrodynamic shearing plane. A surface complexation model allows the average constants of the surface equilibrium reactions to be derived by simulating the experimental charge vs. pH curves by curves calculated from the equilibrium equations.
Bioenergy strategies and the global carbon cycle. / Stratégies bioénergétiques et cycle global du carbone
Authors: Schlamadinger Bernhard , Canella Lorenza , Marland Gregg , Spitzer Josef 
Published: June 2018

Bioenergy strategies are seen as effective options to reduce net CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere. Carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning can be avoided if biomass is used as an energy carrier instead, because in a bioenergy system CO₂ is taken up by the plants and released to the atmosphere again when biomass is burned for energy. However, a carbon balance of bioenergy also needs to take into account the associated changes of С stored in the biosphere, i.e. in the vegetation, in plant litter and soils. For example, a net reduction of the С content in the biosphere leads to an increase of the atmosphere's С content by the same amount, and vice versa. Bioenergy is often produced along with other goods such as wood products. In such cases the carbon balance has to include the effect of С storage in biomass products and the substitution of other, energy consuming materials like steel or concrete with biomass. GORCAM (Graz -Oak Ridge -Carbon Accounting Model) is a spreadsheet model that has been developed to calculate the carbon balance of land management and biomass utilization strategies in forestry and agriculture. Input parameters describe the management régime (rotation length, harvesting intensity, growth rate...), previous land use, soil and litter carbon dynamics, fate of the harvest (biomass for energy, biomass products with varying lifetimes), fossil fuel substitution and its efficiency (bioenergy instead of fossil energy ; biomass products instead of products from other, more energy intensive materials), fossil fuel requirements for land management and biomass conversion.
Model results reveal that the carbon balance of land management and biomass utilization strongly depends on the initial С storage on the site, the growth rate, the efficiency with which the harvest is used, and the time period of consideration. For high growth rates and efficient use of the harvest, the dominant component of the С balance is seen to be fossil fuel substitution. Some strategies result in a significant net reduction of carbon emissions from their very beginning {e.g. short-rotation forestry on previously agricultural land). Harvest of existing forests for biofuels and wood products can lead to a net source or sink at the beginning, depending on the efficiency of harvest use. In the case of a net initial source, the С balance can return to positive values as the forest regrows, the «payback period» being determined by the forest growth rate and other factors mentioned above.
ALMA Observations of Polarization from Dust Scattering in the IM Lup Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Yang Haifeng , Li Zhi-Yun , Kataoka Akimasa , Stephens Ian W. , Andrews Sean , Bai Xuening , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Hughes A. Meredith , Looney Leslie , Pérez Laura M. , Wilner David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present 870 μm ALMA observations of polarized dust emission toward the Class II protoplanetary disk IM Lup. We find that the orientation of the polarized emission is along the minor axis of the disk, and that the value of the polarization fraction increases steadily toward the center of the disk, reaching a peak value of ∼1.1%. All of these characteristics are consistent with models of self-scattering of submillimeter-wave emission from an optically thin inclined disk. The distribution of the polarization position angles across the disk reveals that, while the average orientation is along the minor axis, the polarization orientations show a significant spread in angles; this can also be explained by models of pure scattering. We compare the polarization with that of the Class I/II source HL Tau. A comparison of cuts of the polarization fraction across the major and minor axes of both sources reveals that IM Lup has a substantially higher polarization fraction than HL Tau toward the center of the disk. This enhanced polarization fraction could be due a number of factors, including higher optical depth in HL Tau, or scattering by larger dust grains in the more evolved IM Lup disk. However, models yield similar maximum grain sizes for both HL Tau (72 μm) and IM Lup (61 μm, this work). This reveals continued tension between grain-size estimates from scattering models and from models of the dust emission spectrum, which find that the bulk of the (unpolarized) emission in disks is most likely due to millimeter-sized (or even centimeter-sized) grains.
Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-resolution ALMA Observations
Authors: Eisner J. A. , Arce H. G. , Ballering N. P. , Bally J. , Andrews S. M. , Boyden R. D. , Francesco J. Di , Fang M. , Johnstone D. , Kim J. S. , Mann R. K. , Matthews B. , Pascucci I. , Ricci L. , Sheehan P. D. , Williams J. P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array 850 μm continuum observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster that provide the highest angular resolution (∼0.″1 ≈ 40 au) and deepest sensitivity (∼0.1 mJy) of the region to date. We mosaicked a field containing ∼225 optical or near-IR-identified young stars, ∼60 of which are also optically identified “proplyds.” We detect continuum emission at 850 μm toward ∼80% of the proplyd sample, and ∼50% of the larger sample of previously identified cluster members. Detected objects have fluxes of ∼0.5–80 mJy. We remove submillimeter flux due to free–free emission in some objects, leaving a sample of sources detected in dust emission. Under standard assumptions of isothermal, optically thin disks, submillimeter fluxes correspond to dust masses of ∼0.5–80 Earth masses. We measure the distribution of disk sizes, and find that disks in this region are particularly compact. Such compact disks are likely to be significantly optically thick. The distributions of submillimeter flux and inferred disk size indicate smaller, lower-flux disks than in lower-density star-forming regions of similar age. Measured disk flux is correlated weakly with stellar mass, contrary to studies in other star-forming regions that found steeper correlations. We find a correlation between disk flux and distance from the massive star θ
1 Ori C, suggesting that disk properties in this region are influenced strongly by the rich cluster environment.
X-UDS: The Chandra Legacy Survey of the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Field
Authors: Kocevski Dale D. , Hasinger Guenther , Brightman Murray , Nandra Kirpal , Georgakakis Antonis , Cappelluti Nico , Civano Francesca , Li Yuxuan , Li Yanxia , Aird James , Alexander David M. , Almaini Omar , Brusa Marcella , Buchner Johannes , Comastri Andrea , Conselice Christopher J. , Dickinson Mark A. , Finoguenov Alexis , Gilli Roberto , Koekemoer Anton M. , Miyaji Takamitsu , Mullaney James R. , Papovich Casey , Rosario David , Salvato Mara , Silverman John D. , Somerville Rachel S. , Ueda Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present the X-UDS survey, a set of wide and deep Chandra observations of the Subaru-XMM Deep/UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (SXDS/UDS) field. The survey consists of 25 observations that cover a total area of 0.33 deg2. The observations are combined to provide a nominal depth of ∼600 ks in the central 100 arcmin2 region of the field that has been imaged with Hubble/WFC3 by the CANDELS survey and ∼200 ks in the remainder of the field. In this paper, we outline the survey’s scientific goals, describe our observing strategy, and detail our data reduction and point source detection algorithms. Our analysis has resulted in a total of 868 band-merged point sources detected with a false-positive Poisson probability of <1 × 10−4. In addition, we present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis and provide best-fitting neutral hydrogen column densities, N
H, as well as a sample of 51 Compton-thick active galactic nucleus candidates. Using this sample, we find the intrinsic Compton-thick fraction to be 30%–35% over a wide range in redshift (z = 0.1–3), suggesting the obscured fraction does not evolve very strongly with epoch. However, if we assume that the Compton-thick fraction is dependent on luminosity, as is seen for Compton-thin sources, then our results are consistent with a rise in the obscured fraction out to z ∼ 3. Finally, an examination of the host morphologies of our Compton-thick candidates shows a high fraction of morphological disturbances, in agreement with our previous results. All data products described in this paper are made available via a public website.
Spectroscopic Constants and Line Positions for TiO Singlet States
Authors: Bittner Dror M. , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A consistent set of spectroscopic constants for the a1Δ, d1Σ+, b1Π, c1Φ, and f1Δ states of 48Ti16O has been determined from analysis of the b1Π–a1Δ, b1Π–d1Σ+, c1Φ–a1Δ, and f1Δ–a1Δ systems. Three Fourier transform emission spectra have been used for the analysis. New bands of the b1Π–a1Δ and c1Φ–a1Δ systems have been fitted. The first analysis of the c1Φ–a1Δ system using Fourier transform spectra is also provided. Extensive and improved line positions are measured. TiO is prominent in the spectra of oxygen-rich cool stellar objects and may be present in hot-Jupiter exoplanet atmospheres.
Chemistry of the High-mass Protostellar Molecular Clump IRAS 16562–3959
Authors: Guzmán Andrés E. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Garay Guido , Bronfman Leonardo , Hechenleitner Federico 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present molecular line observations of the high-mass molecular clump IRAS 16562−3959 taken at 3 mm using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 1.″7 angular resolution (0.014 pc spatial resolution). This clump hosts the actively accreting high-mass young stellar object (HMYSO) G345.4938+01.4677, which is associated with a hypercompact H ii region. We identify and analyze emission lines from 22 molecular species (encompassing 34 isomers) and classify them into two groups, depending on their spatial distribution within the clump. One of these groups gathers shock tracers (e.g., SiO, SO, HNCO) and species formed in dust grains like methanol (CH3OH), ethenone or ketene (H2CCO), and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). The second group collects species closely resembling the dust continuum emission morphology and are formed mainly in the gas phase, like hydrocarbons (CCH, c-C3H2, CH3CCH), cyanopolyynes (HC3N and HC5N), and cyanides (HCN and CH3C3N). Emission from complex organic molecules (COMs) like CH3OH, propanenitrile (CH3CH2CN), and methoxymethane (CH3OCH3) arise from gas in the vicinity of a hot molecular core (T ≳ 100 K) associated with the HMYSO. Other COMs such as propyne (CH3CCH), acrylonitrile (CH2CHCN), and acetaldehyde seem to better trace warm (T ≲ 80 K) dense gas. In addition, deuterated ammonia (NH2D) is detected mostly in the outskirts of IRAS 16562−3959 and associated with near-infrared dark globules, probably gaseous remnants of the clump’s prestellar phase. The spatial distribution of molecules in IRAS 16562−3959 supports the view that in protostellar clumps, chemical tracers associated with different evolutionary stages—starless to hot cores/H ii regions—exist coevally.
L’appel de la Patrie : les réservistes et les volontaires français du Chili pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Carrellán Ruiz Juan Luis , de La Llosa Alvar 
Published: June 2018

Résumé Ce travail analyse le départ des réservistes et des volontaires français résidant au Chili qui, en août 1914, au tout début de la Première Guerre mondiale, partirent se battre sur le front européen. On y observe comment, dans ce pays sud-américain, les autorités françaises prennent le contrôle des associations de la colonie et organisent le recrutement et l’arrière-garde civile. Nous considérons que, dans le contexte chilien de l’époque, l’identité européenne est de première importance puisqu’elle justifie le départ d’un nombre important de membres de la colonie française qui décident de s’engager dans un conflit situé à des milliers de kilomètres de leur lieu de résidence.
Le Mexique et la Seconde Guerre mondiale : de la non-intervention à la déclaration de « l’état de guerre »
Authors: Chine Lehmann Dalila 
Published: June 2018

Résumé Nous retraçons dans cet article les différents événements qui ont poussé le Mexique à entrer dans un « état de guerre » avec les puissances de l’Axe lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Nous reviendrons tout particulièrement sur les principes de neutralité du pays, sur la redéfinition des relations diplomatiques avec les États-Unis dans un contexte de promotion panaméricaine, sur les effets d’un envoi modeste d’escadron aux larges du Pacifique en fin de conflit et sur les répercussions économiques d’une guerre souvent perçue – à tort – comme insignifiante pour l’histoire du pays.
Les historiens mis au défi ? Mémoires de guerre et politique dans la Finlande nouvellement indépendante
Authors: Carrez Maurice 
Published: June 2018

Résumé Bien qu’en principe les Finlandais ne soient pas mobilisables dans l’armée russe, le Grand-Duché subit rapidement les contrecoups de la Première Guerre mondiale. Mais c’est surtout la révolution russe de mars 1917 qui le plonge dans le chaos dès avant son indépendance en décembre : alors que l’économie tourne au ralenti et que la disette menace, les tensions socio-politiques ouvrent la voie à une guerre civile qui éclate début 1918 et se termine par une répression sanguinaire. Ce drame influence d’emblée la vision qu’en gardent les Finlandais. Des mémoires concurrentes et fortement politisées se construisent et s’affrontent, envahissant tout le champ du souvenir et rendant ardue la tâche des historiens pour longtemps. Néanmoins, au-delà des témoignages partisans et des archives de la répression, d’autres sources peuvent être sollicitées qui pourront donner des éclairages peut-être plus subtils sur une période riche en enseignements.
La résilience territoriale comme principe et comme volonté Réflexions à partir de la question de la pollution des sols dans des territoires (dés)industrialisés
Authors: Morel Journel Christelle , Gay Georges , Ferrieux  Cécile 
Published: June 2018

Depuis les années 2000, on observe une affirmation de la notion de résilience tant chez les chercheurs que chez les praticiens dans le champ de l’urbain et des territoires. S’appuyant sur une généalogie de la notion et un historique de sa mobilisation, le présent article entend interroger la résilience d’une manière critique en la mettant à l’épreuve d’une situation concrète : la question de la pollution des sols dans les territoires désindustrialisés de la région de Saint-Étienne (France). Longtemps éludée par les politiques de requalification engagées dans les années 1980, la pollution des sols s’impose comme problème public au tournant des années 1990. Son traitement constitue alors un nouveau défi pour les acteurs locaux confrontés au repli et au double langage de l’État. En effet, ce dernier hausse sans cesse son niveau d’exigence en matière de contrôle en laissant en héritage des problèmes qu’il a contribué à créer et en délégant aux pouvoirs locaux la responsabilité de les assumer, dans un contexte législatif et réglementaire non stabilisé, et dans la contradiction permanente entre repli sur la norme et incitation à l’innovation qui conduit à la contester. L’action publique locale doit donc sans cesse s’adapter, gagner en technicité pour un résultat peu visible qui, au mieux, relève de la mise à niveau. L’enjeu paraît alors de sortir la question de la pollution des sols de son confinement dans la sphère technique pour la poser sur la scène politique, en glissant alors des injonctions à la résilience à une attention réelle aux inégales capacités d’action locales et un principe de justice socio-spatiale à une échelle plus large.
Résilience et prévention des désastres
Authors: Bouisset Christine , Clarimont Sylvie , Rebotier Julien 
Published: June 2018

En 2013, le programme Risques Décision Territoire du ministère français de l’Environnement de l’Énergie et de la Mer a lancé un appel à propositions de recherche pour travailler sur des approches alternatives de gestion des risques et des territoires, impliquant notamment la notion de résilience. Ce support de recherche a permis de mener une réflexion sur la gestion des risques et le devenir de deux territoires soumis à d’importants changements (pas nécessairement liés aux risques dits naturels, ou technologiques) : le bassin industriel de Lacq et le massif des Landes, dans le cadre du programme ACTER – Accompagner les Changements vers des Territoires Résilients. Le rapport de recherche est disponible ici : [en ligne] URL : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01498643/document.La restitution de ce programme lors d’un colloque final tenu à Pau en mars 2017 a permis d’inviter la communauté des chercheurs à partager leur expérience dans l’usage ou l’étude de la résilience. Ce dossier Hors-série est l’occasion de rassembler les contributions qui s’illustrent particulièrement dans le domaine de la gestion des risques et des territoires.