bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Prognostic Impact of Strong PD-L1 Expression and 18F-FDG Uptake in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi Seo Hee , Chang Jee Suk , Koo Ja Seung , Park Jong Won , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Keum Ki Chang , Suh Chang-Ok , Kim Yong Bae 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is an aggressive disease and often associated with early distant metastases, which negate the role of adjuvant radiotherapy. We studied the clinical utility of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and other available factors in predicting clinical outcome in TNBC.

Methods:
Of the 539 patients with newly diagnosed TNBC between 2004 and 2011, we analyzed 117 patients who had both tumor samples which PD-L1 protein expression could be evaluated using immunohistochemistry and initial staging 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data to find available immunologic or metabolic factors. Median follow-up duration was 53 months.

Results:
Strong PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence along with tumor hypermetabolism. The systemic recurrence rate was significantly higher in the strong PD-L1 group than the weak PD-L1 group (35% vs. 11%; P=0.002); whereas there was no difference in locoregional failures (8% vs. 8%). Meanwhile, tumor hypermetabolism seemed to relate with an increase in overall recurrences (26% vs. 8%; P=0.019), not with specific type (locoregional, 9% vs. 3% [P=0.289]; systemic, 22% vs. 8% [P=0.051]). The relationship between PD-L1 expression and survival outcomes retained significance even after adjusting potential risk factors.

Conclusions:
PD-L1 and tumor metabolism might have role of predicting an increase in treatment failures. Especially, strong PD-L1 expression status was related to distant metastasis-dominant recurrence pattern which needs for intensive systemic therapy.
BIMANUAL MICROINCISION VITREOUS SURGERY FOR SEVERE PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Shroff Cyrus M. , Gupta Charu , Shroff Daraius , Atri Neelam , Gupta Priyanka , Dutta Ranjan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes and safety of bimanual microincision vitreous surgery for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Retrospective review of 315 eyes of 282 patients who underwent 23-gauge or 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with bimanual membrane dissection for diabetic tractional detachment from January 2007 to September 2016. Minimum follow-up was 3 months, and the average duration of follow-up was 23 months (range 3–100 months; median 15 months). Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, anatomical success, and postoperative complications.

Results:
Postoperatively, 84.3% of eyes improved (>2 lines), 10.5% were stable, and 5.4% worsened (>2 lines). Comparing gauges, two-line improvement was seen in 87.4% of 23-gauge eyes compared with 79.7% of 25-gauge eyes (P = 0.029). Mean peak best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/930 (1.67 ± 0.63) preoperatively to 20/120 (0.78 ± 0.63) postoperatively (P < 0.001). Primary reattachment was achieved in 310 eyes (98.4%) and final reattachment in 312 eyes (99%). Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage was the commonest postoperative complication (18.4%). Lower incidence of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage was seen with 25 gauge (13.5%) compared with 23 gauge (22%, P = 0.038). Epiretinal membrane formation (7.9%), intractable glaucoma (2.5%), and endophthalmitis (0.6%) were some of the other postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
Sustained visual improvement, anatomical restoration, and low complication rates were obtained in complex situations with bimanual microincision vitreous surgery in a large series. Visual outcomes were poorer in older age group, tractional retinal detachments involving macula, and eyes with extensive membranes and with silicone oil as tamponade. Both 23-gauge and 25-gauge groups were comparable in relation to visual improvement, anatomical success, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Reduced Retinal Vessel Density in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: A Quantitative Study Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Zhu Li , Zong Yuan , Yu Jian , Jiang Chunhui , He Yi , Jia Yali , Huang David , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to investigate the changes in the retinal vasculature in different parts of the fundus in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods:
Healthy subjects and those with PACG were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography and a split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography algorithm were used to quantify the retinal vessel densities in the parafoveal and peripapillary areas.

Results:
Thirty-nine eyes from 24 PACG patients and 39 eyes from 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects were included. The retinal vessel densities in the parafoveal and peripapillary areas and every sector of the 2 areas were significantly lower in the PACG eyes than in the healthy eyes. The difference was greater in the peripapillary area (11.75%) than in the parafoveal area (7.55%, P<0.05). In the PACG eyes, the vessel density in the peripapillary area correlated closely with the intraocular pressure, but that in the parafoveal area did not. When the PACG eyes were divided into groups with well-controlled and not well-controlled intraocular pressure (≤21 mm Hg or not), the vessel density and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the peripapillary area were much lower in the not well-controlled eyes (P<0.05), whereas the vessel density in the parafovea and the ganglion cell complex thickness were similar in the 2 subgroups.

Conclusion:
Retinal vessel density was significantly reduced in PACG eyes. The magnitude of this difference varied between the fundus areas, and was greater in the peripapillary area.
Effect of Rotavirus Vaccination on Acute Diarrheal Hospitalizations Among Low and Very Low Birth Weight US Infants, 2001–2015
Authors: Dahl Rebecca M. , Curns Aaron T. , Tate Jacqueline E. , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in low and very low birth weight infants (LBW and VLBW) weighing <2500 and <1500 g at birth, respectively, a high-risk population for severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, has not been well examined.

Methods:
We analyzed inpatient commercial claims data for US children <5 years of age from July 2001 to June 2015. Claims for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and rotavirus-coded hospitalizations and LBW, VLBW and normal birth weight (NBW) infants were identified. Receipt of rotavirus vaccine was defined using Current Procedural Terminology. Rate reductions were calculated using prevaccine (2001–2006) and postvaccine (2007–2015) annual AGE and rotavirus hospitalization rates.

Results:
As of December 2014, rotavirus vaccine coverage was 87%, 82% and 64%, for NBW, LBW and VLBW infants, respectively. For 2014–2015, among NBW, LBW and VLBW children <5 years of age, AGE hospitalization rate reductions relative to the prevaccine introduction period were 60% [95% confidence interval (CI): 58%–61%], 64% (95% CI: 57%–70%) and 55% (95% CI: 39%–67%), respectively. Rotavirus hospitalization rate reductions were 91% (95% CI: 90%–92%), 98% (95% CI: 93%–100%) and 93% (95% CI: 70%–98%). Rotavirus vaccines resulted in a 62% (95% CI: 51%–71%), 72% (95% CI: 44%–86%) and 71% (95% CI: 7%–91%) reduction in AGE hospitalization rates comparing vaccinated versus unvaccinated NBW, LBW and VLBW children 3–23 months of age, respectively.

Conclusions:
Rotavirus vaccines have substantially reduced AGE hospitalizations and are highly effective in LBW and VLBW infants, similar to NBW infants. Efforts to improve vaccination coverage, particularly in LBW and VLBW infants, should continue.
Impact of Cerebrospinal Fluid Multiplex Assay on Diagnosis and Outcomes of Central Nervous System Infections in Children
Authors: O’Brien Matthew P. , Francis Joshua R. , Marr Ian M. , Baird Robert W. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
This study evaluated the performance of cerebrospinal fluid multiplex assay in the diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) infection, and assessed for the effect on clinical management.

Methods:
A 15-month prospective cohort of pediatric patients with confirmed CNS infection was compared with a 15-month retrospective cohort from the Top End region of the Northern Territory, Australia. The study characterized all the CNS infections over the 30-month period and compared the time to organism identification and antibiotic management before and after the introduction of the multiplex assay.

Results:
Thirty-six cases of pediatric CNS infection were diagnosed before the introduction of the multiplex assay, and 29 afterwards. Multiplex assay was performed on 26/29 (90%) of the cerebrospinal fluid isolates from children with confirmed CNS infections in the prospective cohort. Enterovirus was the most common causative organism identified in 14 children, followed by human parechovirus in 4 children. The multiplex assay performed with 93.8% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity when compared with microbiologic culture or reference laboratory results. The median time to organism identification reduced from 6.0 to 2.0 days (P value <0.001), the median duration of antibiotic therapy from 3.0 to 2.0 days (P value <0.001) and median hospitalization reduced from 5.0 to 3.0 days (P value 0.016) after introduction of the multiplex assay.

Conclusions:
The multiplex assay is a useful adjunct diagnostic tool enabling prompt organism identification and reducing antibiotic treatment and hospitalization duration. The assay would be of most value to hospitals that do not have access to an onsite molecular laboratory.
Effect of Treating Vitamin D Deficiency in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Lo Margaret C. , Abushamat Layla , Mramba Lazarus K. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Literature increasingly supports the inverse relationship of vitamin D (VitD) level and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Proposed protective mechanisms of VitD include its anti-inflammatory effects, increased insulin secretion via pancreatic β-cell stimulation, and downregulation of parathyroid hormone levels. Interventional studies show mixed results of VitD therapy in prediabetic patients with VitD deficiency or diabetic patients with normal VitD levels.

Study Question:
Does high-dose VitD replacement improve glycemic control and microalbuminuria (MAU) in uncontrolled T2DM and concurrent VitD deficiency?

Study Design:
This placebo-controlled, double-blinded study randomized 30 subjects aged 30–65 years with an elevated HbA1c level of 7.5%–10% and a low total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D value of <20 ng/mL to either placebo (n = 16) or ergocalciferol 50,000 IU (n = 14) once weekly for 8 weeks then once monthly for 4 months.

Measures and Outcomes:
Primary outcome was difference in HbA1c from baseline to month 6 between the VitD-intervention group and the placebo-controlled group. Secondary end points were differences in total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and MAU. Paired t tests and linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
No significant differences were seen in HbA1c or MAU between baseline versus postintervention visits within the placebo group (HbA1c: 8.4% ± 0.2 vs. 8.1% ± 0.3, P = 0.088; MAU: 94.1 mg/g ± 43.9 vs. 45.9 mg/g ± 20.2, P = 0.152) and the intervention group (HbA1c: 8.8% ± 0.3 vs. 8.7% ± 0.4, P = 0.692; MAU: 167.8 mg/g ± 70.1 vs. 108.5 mg/g ± 39.9, P = 0.356). The difference between placebo-slope and intervention-slope was nonsignificant for MAU (β = −0.1 mg/g ± 0.4, P = 0.835) but was significant for total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (β = 11.7 ng/mL ± 2.5, P ≤ 0.001). Greater HbA1c reduction occurred unexpectedly in the placebo group (

JOURNAL/ajthe/04.03/00045391-201908000-00002/inline-formula1/v/2023-09-17T022658Z/r/image-tiff

= −0.4% ± 0.2) than in the intervention group (

JOURNAL/ajthe/04.03/00045391-201908000-00002/inline-formula2/v/2023-09-17T022658Z/r/image-tiff

= −0.2% ± 0.4), although the difference in slopes was not significant (β = 0.2% ± 0.4, P = 0.640).

Conclusions:
Our proof-of-concept study found no benefit of high-dose VitD therapy in glycemic control and MAU in uncontrolled T2DM and VitD deficiency. Post hoc analyses raise concerns for high-dose VitD therapy to delay glycemic improvement. Large-scale interventional trials are much needed in this patient population to substantiate our findings and elucidate VitD's mechanisms on glucose metabolism.
Review of Routes to Administer Medication During Prolonged Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Wagner Michael , Olischar Monika , O’Reilly Megan , Goeral Katharina , Berger Angelika , Cheung Po-Yin , Schmölzer Georg M. 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
During neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early establishment of vascular access is crucial. We aimed to review current evidence regarding different routes for the administration of medications during neonatal resuscitation.

Data Sources:
We reviewed PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms “catheterization,” “umbilical cord,” “delivery room,” “catecholamine,” “resuscitation,” “simulation,” “newborn,” “infant,” “intraosseous,” “umbilical vein catheter,” “access,” “intubation,” and “endotracheal.”

Study Selection:
Articles in all languages were included. Initially, we aimed to identify only neonatal studies and limited the search to randomized controlled trials.

Data Extraction:
Due to a lack of available studies, studies in children and adults, as well as animal studies and also nonrandomized studies were included.

Data Synthesis:
No randomized controlled trials comparing intraosseous access versus peripheral intravascular access versus umbilical venous catheter versus endotracheal tube versus laryngeal mask airway or any combination of these during neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room were identified. Endotracheal tube: endotracheal tube epinephrine administration should be limited to situations were no vascular access can be established. Laryngeal mask airway: animal studies suggest that a higher dose of epinephrine for endotracheal tube and laryngeal mask airway is required compared with IV administration, potentially increasing side effects. Umbilical venous catheter: European resuscitation guidelines propose the placement of a centrally positioned umbilical venous catheter during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; intraosseous access: case series reported successful and quick intraosseous access placement in newborn infants. Peripheral intravascular access: median time for peripheral intravascular access insertion was 4–5 minutes in previous studies.

Conclusions:
Based on animal studies, endotracheal tube administration of medications requires a higher dose than that by peripheral intravascular access or umbilical venous catheter. Epinephrine via laryngeal mask airway is feasible as a noninvasive alternative approach for drug delivery. Intraosseous access should be considered in situations with difficulty in establishing other access. Randomized controlled clinical trials in neonates are required to compare all access possibilities described above.
Childhood Drowning
Authors: Cohen Neta , Scolnik Dennis , Rimon Ayelet , Balla Uri , Glatstein Miguel 
Published: February 2018

Objective
Drowning is a leading cause of death among infants and toddlers. Unique physiological and behavioral factors contribute to high mortality rates. Drowning incidents predominantly occur during warmer months and holidays. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of pediatric drowning victims who attended 2 different emergency departments (EDs), 1 near and 1 distant from the sea coast, to recognize risk factors, complications, causes of death, and the educational needs of families and caregivers.

Methods
Retrospective cohort analysis of incident history, clinical presentation, treatments, and outcomes of drowning victims was performed. Data were analyzed both by age group and proximity of institution to the sea coast.

Results
From 2005 to 2015, 70 drowning patients presented to the 2 institutions; there was no difference in incident history or outcomes based on proximity to the sea coast. Fifty-six percent of patients were younger than 6 years, the majority drowning in pools. More of the older children drowned in the sea (48% vs 23%). Half of all patients were treated and followed in the ED or ward, and the other half were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit; 12 suffered severe complications, including 5 diagnosed with brain death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 80% of the fatal group and 23% of the nonfatal group (P = 0.006). Seven children who experienced a cardiac arrest with hypothermia were treated before arrival in the ED, and 5 had ongoing cardiac arrest upon arrival in the ED (these were the 5 suffering brain death).

Discussion
Most of patients younger than 6 years drowned in swimming pools, suggesting that parents are perhaps less vigilant in these circumstances, even though they may remain in close proximity. Active adult supervision entails attention, proximity, and continuity. Educational efforts should be aimed at reminding parents of this, especially in the summer months.
Application of the Rochester Criteria to Identify Febrile Infants With Bacteremia and Meningitis
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , McCulloh Russell J. , Tieder Joel S. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Leazer Rianna C. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Feldman Elana A. , Balamuth Fran , Browning Whitney L. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The Rochester criteria were developed to identify febrile infants aged 60 days or younger at low-risk of bacterial infection and do not include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. Prior studies have not specifically assessed criteria performance for bacteremia and bacterial meningitis (invasive bacterial infection). Our objective was to determine the sensitivity of the Rochester criteria for detection of invasive bacterial infection.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of febrile infants aged 60 days or younger with invasive bacterial infections evaluated at 8 pediatric emergency departments from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2014. Potential cases were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes for bacteremia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and fever. Medical record review was then performed to confirm presence of an invasive bacterial infection and to evaluate the Rochester criteria: medical history, symptoms or ill appearance, results of urinalysis, complete blood count, CSF testing (if obtained), and blood, urine, and CSF culture. An invasive bacterial infection was defined as growth of pathogenic bacteria from blood or CSF culture.

Results
Among 82 febrile infants aged 60 days or younger with invasive bacterial infection, the sensitivity of the Rochester criteria were 92.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.9%–96.6%) overall, 91.7% (95% CI, 80.5%–96.7%) for neonates 28 days or younger, and 94.1% (95% CI, 80.9%–98.4%) for infants aged 29 to 60 days old. Six infants with bacteremia, including 1 neonate with bacterial meningitis, met low-risk criteria.

Conclusions
The Rochester criteria identified 92% of infants aged 60 days or younger with invasive bacterial infection. However, 1 neonate 28 days or younger with meningitis was classified as low-risk.
Structuring social and environmental management control and accountability
Authors: Parker Lee D. , Chung Lai Hong 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the construction of social and environmental strategies and the related implementation of management control by a key organisation located in a pivotal Asian location in the global hospitality industry. In doing so, it sets out to elucidate the forms and processes of strategic social and environmental control as well their relationship to the traditional financial control system.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs field-based case study of a single case operating in both regional and global context. Drawing upon documentary, survey and interview sources, the study employs structuration theory to inform its design and analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal the interaction of top-down global corporate framing and bottom-up local-level staff initiatives that combine to develop a locally focussed and differentiated social and environmental programme and expedite an associated management control and accountability system. The study also reveals the dominance of the traditional financial control system over the social and environmental management control system and the simultaneously enabling and constraining nature of that relationship.Practical implicationsSignification and legitimation structures can be employed in building social and environmental values and programmes which then lay the foundations for related discourse and action at multiple levels of the organisation. This also has the potential to facilitate modes of staff commitment expressed through bottom-up initiatives and control, subject to but also facilitated by the dominating influence of the organisation’s financial control system.Social implicationsThis study reveals the importance of national and regional governmental, cultural and social context as both potential enablers and beneficiaries of organisational, social and environmental strategy and control innovation and implementation.Originality/valueThe paper offers an intra-organisational perspective on social and environmental strategising and control processes and motivations that elucidates forms of action, control and accountability and the relationship between social/environmental control and financial control agendas. It further reveals the interaction between globally developed strategic and control frameworks and locally initiated bottom-up strategic initiatives and control.
Supply chain innovation-driven business models
Authors: Abdelkafi Nizar , Pero Margherita 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore case studies of business models (BMs) driven by supply chain innovations (SCIs) in order to investigate how SCIs can lead companies to discover new BMs.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is based on an in-depth literature analysis. Literature supports that SCIs drive new BMs. An exploratory interview-based study with practitioners from German and Italian companies shed more light on the ways SCIs can contribute to the discovery of new BMs.

Findings
So-called operators can establish close links between SCIs and BM innovation. Because in general, supply chains are designed to improve operational performance, most BM improvements are incremental. Large companies, however, can leverage SCIs to generate new BMs that are complementary to their current BMs.

Research limitations/implications
This research is exploratory in nature. Further (quantitative) research studies can link SCIs types to specific BM patterns and examine contingency factors such as size and industry sector that influence the relationship between SCIs and BMs.

Practical implications
This research draws the attention of practitioners to SCIs as a valuable opportunity to discover new BMs. The operators enable companies to estimate the effects of specific SCIs on their BMs and to identify the SCIs required for achieving a targeted BM.

Originality/value
This paper elaborates propositions about the relationships between SCIs and BMs. It identifies supply chain and process management as important streams of literature that can support the advancement of BM research.