bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exaggerated Delayed Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: WEED ROBERT I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report has reviewed the clinical histories of 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who manifested a marked delayed hypersensitivity type of local skin reaction to insect bites, and mosquito antigen and were capable of reacting normally to other delayed hypersensitivity antigens. We have suggested that this abnormality may represent another example of altered immunologic responsiveness in this disease, consistent with the notion that the lymphocyte is of prime importance for the development of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.
Qnantitation of Femoral Bone Marrow Cellularity of Rats with Acute Chloroleukemia
Authors: VARSA EVELYN E. , HANDLER EUGENE S. , GORDON ALBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Procedures of bone marrow quantitation have been applied to the study of the pathogenesis of a leukemia in rats. Mature Long-Evans rats developed an acute form of the Shay Chloroleukemia after intravenous administration of leukemic cells. Assessment of total nucleated cell numbers (normal and leukemic) per mg. of femoral bone marrow was made during the course of the pathogenesis (20 days). Reductions in the numbers of normal marrow elements were observed prior to significant increases in chloroleukemic cells. A progressive decrease in total marrow cellularity was noted in all subsequent stages. In animals surviving 17-20 days, the total number of hemic cells in the femoral marrow was found to be approximately 40 per cent of that seen in normal animals. The leukemia developed more rapidly in young than in adult animals. Using total and differential bone marrow cellularity as a criterion for the stage of pathogenesis, standardized leukemic rats can be prepared for experimentation.
Editorial: Therapy of Acute Leukemia, 1965
Authors: DAMESHEK WILLIAM , NECHELES THOMAS F. , FINKEL HARVEY E. , ALLEN DONALD M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dameshek, W., Necheles, T. F., Finkel, H. E., and Allen, D. M.: Therapy of acute leukemia, 1965. Blood 26(2):220, 1965.
In the August 1965 issue of Blood, a line of type was inadvertently omitted and a line repeated in the editorial, "Therapy of Acute Leukemia, 1965." The second paragraph of the editorial (p. 220) should read:
Following the introduction of the folic acid antagonists, corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine, there occurred an hiatus during which, although many agents were tested, little progress was made. Comparatively recently, the chemotherapy of acute leukemia has again advanced, this time in two directions. One has been the introduction of other effective antileukemic agents; the other parallels recent developments in the use of antibiotics, and might be termed "new ways with old drugs." An excellent review by Freireich and Frei of some of these advances has recently appeared.1
The Cellular Basis of the Genetically Determined Hemopoietic Defect in Anemic Mice of Genotype Sl/Sld
Authors: McCULLOCH E. A. , SIMINOVITCH L. , TILL J. E. , RUSSELL E. S. , BERNSTEIN S. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferation and function of hemopoietic cells derived from genetically anemic Sl/Sld mice have been studied by the use of cell transplantation technics. It was found that marrow cells derived from anemic Sl/Sld or Sld/Sld mice, when implanted into heavily irradiated mice of genotype +sl/+sl, are capable of forming macroscopic spleen colonies, with approximately the same frequency as cells derived from normal +sl/+sl mice. Marrow cells derived from Sl/Sld animals were tested for their capacity to cure the anemia of W/Wr mice and were found to implant as rapidly and to have as long-lasting a beneficial effect as did marrow cells from +sl/+sl mice. The radiosensitivity of the colony-forming ability of marrow cells from Sl/Sld mice was found to be similar to that found previously for +sl/+sl marrow cells, although the anemic animals are known to be more sensitive to total-body irradiation than are their normal littermates. Marrow cells from +sl/+sl mice were found to proliferate more slowly in irradiated mice of genotype Sl/Sld than in irradiated +sl/+sl littermates, even when the anemic and the normal mice were joined in parabiosis. These observations indicate that the hemopoietic colony-forming cells in mice of genotype Sl/Sld are normal, but fail to function adequately because the tissues of mice of this genotype are unable to provide sufficient support for proliferation and differentiation of these progenitor cells.
Granulocytopoiesis in Human Bone Marrow Cultures Studied by Means of Kinematography
Authors: BOLL I. , KÜHN A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In short-term human bone marrow cultures, the generation times of three myelocytes were measured by phase contrast kinematography to be 29-30.5 hours. Two of these myelocyte generations were in direct succession of each other.
2. The mean mitotic time of 93 myelocytic mitoses was found to be 88 ± 20 minutes normally and 142 ± 13 minutes in 13 leukemic blast cells. This difference was statistically significant.
3. The maturation of myelocytic cells after their last mitosis from the metamyelocyte into mature granulocytes was followed and found to vary between 7 and 37 hours. This time difference was the result of the fact that one of the cells underwent a further division, where the three sister cells did not divide but matured only. All five final cells acquired the characteristics of band forms at about the same time. In eight other cells, the metamyelocyte-bandform transition time was found to be 7 to 30 hours. In all cells studied, the morphologic characteristics changed repeatedly between those considered typical for myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Thus, metamyelocytes were found to undergo division under the conditions of this study.
4. No evidence was found for amitotic divisions. However, the development of tetraploid cells was observed to be the result of endomitosis, of postmitotic formation of binucleated cells, or of formation of giant metamyelocytes by nuclear fusion of a binucleated cell.
Effect of Heparin upon Various Forms of the Thrombohemorrhagic Phenomenon (THP)
Authors: SELYE HANS , TUCHWEBER BEATRIZ , GABBIANI GIULIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In rats, a thrombohemorrhagic phenomenon (THP) can be elicited by the intravenous injection of various metal combinations, especially if these are given in conjunction with norepinephrine. The syndrome is characterized by multiple hemorrhages and microthromboses located mainly in the kidneys, duodenum, heart and lung. In addition, severe and sometimes necrotizing thrombohemorrhagic lesions are observed at the site of catecholamine injection. Intravenous administration of agar elicits essentially the same internal changes even without the concurrent administration of norepinephrine.
An anaphylactoid form of the THP is induced by agar plus dextran or egg white. Here, the usual internal lesions are associated with thrombohemorrhagic changes in the anaphylactoid shock organs, especially the paws, snout and the root of the tail.
All these forms of the THP are inhibited by pretreatment with heparin.
Intravascular Activation of the Clotting System with Phospholipids
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-ERDMANN F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The infusion of phospholipids containing platelet factor 3 activity or of Inosithin (soya bean phospholipid) in animals previously given thorotrast in the attempt to block the reticuloendothelial system, resulted in histologic changes and in severe alterations of the clotting mechanism. These morphologic and analytical alterations of the clotting system could not be distinguished from the findings observed in animals undergoing the classical generalized Shwartzman reaction produced with two injections of endotoxin.
Fine Structural Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase in Human Platelets and Other Blood Cells
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. , KRIVIT WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adenosine triphosphatase activity has been localized in human blood cells by combined histochemical and electron microscopic technics. Deposits of lead phosphate, indicative of enzymic activity, were observed on the surface membranes of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets. Intracellular ATPase activity was found in lymphocyte mitochondria and nucleoli. Blood platelets contained organelles in their hyaloplasm with dense accumulations of the enzyme reaction product. The distribution of lead phosphate in platelet organelles suggested that they were mitochondria, but some platelet granules may also contain ATPase activity.
An Epidemiological Study of Polycythemia Vera
Authors: MODAN BARUCH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An epidemiologic study based on all patients with polycythemia vera residing at the Baltimore Metropolitan Area is reported. A minimum annual incidence rate of 4 new cases per million was observed for the Metropolitan Area and 5 per million per year for Baltimore City. The incidence rate was lower in negroes than in whites, but if age adjustment was applied the ratio was more than 2:1. A marked increased frequency was noted among patients of Jewish origin. There was only a slight excess of males with a sex ratio 1.2:1. The age distribution confirmed the previous observations of only rare instances of the disease below the age of 30; the mean and median ages were about 60 years.
Two δ-Chain Abnormal Hemoglobins in One Individual
Authors: HUISMAN TITUS H. J. , LEE RALPH C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two abnormal minor hemoglobin components have been detected in the blood of a healthy Negro male. One component which was identified as the δ-chain abnormality Hb-A2' was inherited from the mother, whereas the second component, being identical with Hb-FlatbushGa, was inherited from the father. The complete absence of Hb-A2 in this individual definitely establishes the relationship of allelism between Hb-A2 and Hb-FlatbushGa. Hb-FlatbushGa, therefore, is the second hemoglobin abnormality for which indirect proof for allelism with Hb-A2 has been obtained; the discovery of three homozygous carriers of Hb-A2' (2 of these cases have been mentioned before,4 showing complete absence of Hb-A2) already established a similar relationship between Hb-A2 and Hb-A2'.
Hematologic and Biochemical Indices in the East African Baboon
Authors: FOY HENRY , KONDI ATHENA , MBAYA VERSTISTINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematologic values for peripheral blood and marrow, serum proteins, B12 and folic acid levels are given for recently caught and captive baboons (P. anubis and P.sinocephalus) in Nairobi.
The hemaglobin levels were higher in captive than in wild animals. There was no change in the serum proteins unless the animals were on a riboflavindeficient diet.
Marrow activity as estimated by counting red cell precursors as a percentage of the total nucleated red cell population agreed with that of red cell uptake of Fe59 ferric chloride.
Hemosiderin was present in the marrow in all the animals.
Protein turnover studies using I131-labeled albumin with ion exchange resins indicated that the protein catabolic rate and turnover was high. This may have been due to the selective destruction of the human albumin in the baboon.
Platelet Tagging with Tritium Labeled Diisopropylfluorophosphate
Authors: ADELSON EDWARD , KAUFMAN RICHARD M. , BERDEGUEZ CIRO , LEAR ARNOLD A. , RHEINGOLD JACK J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described for tagging platelets either in vitro or in vivo with tritium labeled diisopropylfluorophosphate, burning the tagged platelets by a modification of the Schöniger combustion technic and counting the resultant tritiated water by liquid scintillation counting.
The curve of in vitro uptake of DFP-H3 by the platelet suggests that more than one protein in or on the platelet takes up the DFP. However, a saturation point is reached, as indicated by a plateau in the uptake curve.
The survival curve of in vivo tagged platelets in five normal dogs is exponential with a half-life of 2.4 days. This can be explained by random destruction of platelets or by elution of the tag.
The DFP-H3 tag has several advantages over the DFP32 tag. Either smaller doses of DFP or higher levels of radioactivity or both may be achieved with this technic.
Giant Hemangioma with Thrombocytopenia Radioisotopic Demonstration of Platelet Sequestration
Authors: BRIZEL HERBERT E. , RACCUGLIA GIOVANNI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of giant hemangioma with thrombocytopenia has been presented. Isotopic studies with Cr-51 tagged platelets indicated that the basic mechanism of thrombocytopenia in this patient involved platelet sequestration in the tumor. The platelet response in the peripheral blood following irradiation of the hemangioma gives additional evidence that the thrombocytopenia is related to pathological changes within the hemangioma.
Elaboration of a Model for the Formation of Lymphocytes in the Thymic Cortex of Young Adult Rats
Authors: SAINTE-MARIE G. , LEBLOND C. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the hope of clarifying the sequence of cells in thymus, mitotic figures were classified into four types and counted in the cortex and medulla of thymus of young adult rats. The four types were designated as reticular cell mitoses (characterized by an unstained cytoplasm with a very large mitotic figure), and lymphocyte mitoses (characterized by a basophilic cytoplasm with a mitotic figure, which may be large, 5.6-8.0 µ, medium sized, 4.5-5.6 µ, or small, 3.5-4.5 µ). The relative mitotic counts of the four cell types in thymic cortex were 3, 46, 172 and 240 respectively.
Analysis of these counts, assuming equal mitotic duration and orderly sequence of the cells led to two sets of conclusions. (1) Large, light cells, the divisions of which are referred to as reticular cell mitoses, would produce large lymphocytes. These cells would proliferate to give rise to medium lymphocytes, which in turn would proliferate to give rise to small lymphocytes. (2) There would be 2-4, most probably 4, successive generations of large lymphocytes, followed by 2 successive generations of medium lymphocytes, which would in turn be followed by 1 generation of mitosable small lymphocytes, probably giving rise to another generation whose cells would not divide, at least in thymic cortex. A model of lymphocytopoiesis for the cortex of thymus is proposed on the basis of these conclusions.
Unstable Chromosome Changes in Tuberculin-Stimulated Leukocyte Cultures from Irradiated Patients. Evidence for Immunologically Committed, Long-Lived Lymphocytes in Human Blood
Authors: NOWELL PETER C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unstable chromosome aberrations (acentrics, dicentrics, rings) have been observed in tuberculin-stimulated leukocyte cultures from three patients up to six months after therapeutic irradiation. This is considered evidence that human blood contains immunologically committed, long-lived, nondividing small lymphocytes which retain the latent capacity to proliferate when re-exposed to the sensitizing antigen. "Immunologic memory" may reside in such cells, which, because they are not continually dividing, need not have undergone genetic alteration in becoming immunologically committed.
Brief Report: Bilirubin Formation in the Liver from Nonhemoglobin Sources
Authors: ROBINSON STEPHEN H. , OWEN CHARLES A. , FLOCK EUNICE V. , SCHMID RUDI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rapid formation of C14-bilirubin from glycine-2-C14 or δ-aminolevulinic acid-4-C14 has been demonstrated in isolated, perfused rat liver. The kinetics of labeled bilirubin production in vitro were similar to those of the "early labeling" pigment fraction observed in intact rats. The magnitude of bile pigment formation from C14-ALA by isolated liver was comparable to that in intact animals. Derivation of the C14-bilirubin from hepatic degradation of labeled hemoglobin was excluded by perfusion of the liver with blood poor in reticulocytes, or with plasma. The findings identify the liver as an important source of the "early-labeling" pigment fraction.
The Splenic Platelet Pool
Authors: PENNY R. , ROZENBERG M. C. , FIRKIN B. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surgically removed spleens from 14 subjects were perfused to determine their platelet content. Some patients had Cr51 labeled platelets prior to surgery, and radioactive platelet recoveries were also obtained. A sizable pool of splenic platelets has been demonstrated, which seems dependent on splenic size only. Increase in size of this pool in splenomegaly (and not suppression of thrombopoiesis) may be the sole reason for thrombocytopenia. A dynamic exchange between splenic and circulating platelets appears to be present. Awareness of the existence of a splenic platelet pool is important in considering variation in platelet survival and other platelet dynamic studies, especially in the presence of splenomegaly.
Characterization of Maternal Isoagglutinins in ABO Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: FONG SUSIE W. , NUCKTON ARLENE , FUDENBERG H. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sera of group O mothers of infants with and without ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn were fractionated by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and density gradient ultracentrifugation. Whole sera and serum fractions were evaluated for activity by various test systems currently used for the antenatal prediction of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. The results of these studies did not show any single serologic property that would unequivocally diflerentiate between the isoantibodies of mothers of affected infants and mothers of normal infants of incompatible blood group.
The Ultrastructural Localization and Release of Platelet Lipids
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. , KRIVIT WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Investigation of the ultrastructure of platelets of carefully prepared, native platelet rich plasma fixed in gluteraldehyde-osmium has revealed a process not apparent by other technics. Platelet granules undergo transformation into lameller particles with the configuration of lipid micelles. The platelet micelles are released through the platelet cell membrane prior to aggregation. Comparison of the platelet micelles with micelles formed by aqueous dispersion of extracted platelet lipids and brain cephalin revealed similarities of particle size and miceller configuration. The origin of platelet micelles from platelet granules, their release from the cell in early clot development, and their similarity to other lipids active in coagulation are provocative. Platelet micelles may be the active lipid substance contributed by platelets to coagulation, and the lipoprotein complexes of platelet granules the "hidden form" of the platelet lipid in normal circulating cells.
"Intermediate" Cell Types and Mixed Cell Proliferation in Multiple Myeloma: Electron Microscopic Observations
Authors: MALDONADO JORGE E. , KYLE ROBERT A. , BROWN ARNOLD L. , BAYRD EDWIN D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow studies of multiple myeloma revealed, in some cases, a conspicuous proliferation of "lymphoid" cells, virtually indistinguishable by light microscopy from those seen in lympho-proliferative disorders.
Electron microscopy demonstrated a variety of cells ranging from typical lymphocytes to cells with plasmocytoid features. Between these two types of elements there were cells with intermediate characteristics.
In addition, in several cases of myeloma the presence of fixed reticuloendothelial cells and "reticular" plasma cells (or reticulum cells with plasmocytic features) was frequently noted.
The presence of reticulum cells and lymphocytes and of cells apparently "intermediate" between these cellular elements and plasma cells, as judged from electron microscopic observations, is suggestive morphologic evidence of a phenomenon of cell transformation and evidence of a mixed cell proliferation in certain cases of multiple myeloma.
Hydroxocobalamin
Authors: GLASS GEORGE B. JERZY , LEE DUK HO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mean hepatic biological half-life of Co57-hydroxocobalamin injected to 5 normal human subjects was similar to that of Co60-cyanocobalamin, as shown by double-label hepatic surface counting during the first 30 weeks after intramuscular or intravenous injection of cobalamins. In 2 cases in whom the counting was extended over a year’s period, the clearance of hepatic radioactivity following the intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin has slowed down as compared to that of cyanocobalamin, between the 30th and 52nd week after injection.
Hydroxocobalamin
Authors: GLASS GEORGE B. JERZY , SKEGGS HELEN R. , LEE DUK HO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Administration of 6 intramuscular injections of 1000 µg. hydroxocobalamin every other day for 10 days enabled 15 individuals with initial vitamin B12 serum levels of 81 to 242 (mean 185 ± 44 µµg./ ml.) to maintain vitamin B12 concentration of the blood 6 months later at levels exceeding 3 times the pretreatment values. In 12 of these individuals who were studied for at least a 10-month period, vitamin B12 concentration in the serum 10 months after conclusion of injections was still double the initial pretreatment levels. This difference was highly significant statistically (p = 0.001). Of 11 patients followed for 15 months after conclusion of injections, in 7 the serum levels were still higher than before treatment.
No comparable results were ever reported with cyanocobalamin therapy.
Urticaria Pigmentosa Complicated by Polycythemia Vera
Authors: DIAMOND JOSEPH H. , GROSS LUDWIG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The coexistence of polycythemia vera with urticaria pigmentosa in a 62-year-old man is reported apparently for the second time. Review of literature indicates that mast cell disorder, manifested initially only in skin changes, may involve many systems. The possible mechanism responsible for the occurrence of the two disorders in the same individual is discussed. Administration of radioactive phosphorus had no effect on the mast cell infiltration of the skin, but resulted in a temporary suppression of erythropoiesis.
Studies on the Biochemical Alterations of the Protein Synthesizing Apparatus in Maturing Rabbit Reticulocytes
Authors: WILNER-ZEHAVI TOVA , IZAK G. , MAGER J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study of maturation of rabbit reticulocytes in vivo revealed an essential correlation between the degree of reticulocytosis, the RNA content of the circulating red blood cells and their ability to carry out amino acid incorporation into protein. The nevertheless frequent occurrence of considerable quantitative discrepancies between these parameters during the progress of maturation appears to be attributable to fluctuations in the reticulocyte population due to intrinsic difference in the life span of these cells and to release of young reticulocytes from the hyperplastic bone marrow into the circulation. The distortions in the pattern of maturation kinetics by the continued contribution of the bone marrow seem to be largely eliminated by blocking erythropoiesis at the height of reticulocytosis with the aid of actinomycin D treatment.
Bacterial Endotoxin: Effects on Erythropoiesis
Authors: FRUHMAN GEORGE J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mice injected with a single, large dose of a bacterial endotoxin displayed a significant shift in erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to the spleen. Splenic granulocytopoiesis also occurred. This finding may have some bearing on the observation that endotoxin pretreated mice make a better recovery following x-irradiation than do their controls.