bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners' views towards diagnosing and treating depression in five southeastern European countries
Authors: Duric Predrag , Harhaji Sanja , O'May Fiona , Boderscova Larisa , Chihai Jana , Como Ariel , Hranov Georgi L. , Mihai Adriana , Sotiri Eugjen 
Published: October 2018

AimTo assess and compare general practitioners' (GPs’) views of diagnosing and treating depression in five southeastern European countries.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Albania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia. The sample included 467 GPs who completed a hard‐copy self‐administered questionnaire, consisting of self‐assessment questions related to diagnosing and treating depression.ResultsThe most common barriers to managing depression in general practice reported by GPs were: patients’ unwillingness to discuss depressive symptoms (92.3%); appointment time too short to take an adequate history (91.9%), barriers for prescribing appropriate treatment (90.6%); and patients' reluctance to be referred to a psychiatrist (89.1%). Most GPs (78.4%) agreed that recognizing depression was their responsibility, 71.7% were confident in diagnosing depression, but less than one‐third (29.6%) considered that they should treat it.ConclusionsImprovements to the organization of mental healthcare in all five countries should consider better training for GPs in depression diagnosis and treatment; the availability of mental healthcare specialists at primary care level, with ensured equal and easy access for all patients; and the removal of potential legal barriers for diagnosis and treatment of depression.
Limits to species richness in terrestrial communities
Authors: Alroy John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAre communities limited by biotic interactions, or are they random draws from regional species pools? One way to tell is to compare total species counts in geographic regions to average counts in ecological samples falling within those regions. If species richness is limited regionally, then the relationship should be curvilinear even in a log‐log space. Global sets of samples including trees and 10 groups of animals are analysed to test this hypothesis. Most relationships are indeed curvilinear. To explain these patterns, a simple model is proposed that invokes biotic interaction‐limited speciation or immigration rates combined with extinction or extirpation rates that fall as the number of occupied patches increases. Local and regional richness come into balance as the rates trade off, causing global richness to also be limited. Surprisingly, however, the data for trees break the pattern, suggesting that the great adaptive radiation of seed plants may still be unfolding.
A Time to Scatter Stones, and a Time to Gather Them: The Annual Cycle in Hedge Fund Risk Taking
Authors: Kolokolova Olga , Mattes Achim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalyzing a sample of hedge fund daily returns from Bloomberg, we find a seasonal pattern in their risk taking. During earlier months of a year, poorly performing funds reduce risk. The reduction is stronger for funds with higher management fees, shorter redemption periods, and recently deteriorating performance, consistent with a managerial aversion to early fund liquidation. Toward the end of a year, poorly performing funds gamble for resurrection by increasing risk. It is largely achieved by increasing exposure to market factors, and can be linked to stronger indirect managerial incentives during the second half of a year.
Spearfishing in Portugal: A baseline study on spearfishers’ profiles, habits and perceptions towards management measures
Authors: Assis Jorge , Gonçalves Jorge M. S. , Veiga Pedro , Pita Cristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite the relatively high number of spearfishing practitioners in Portugal, scientific information on spearfishing is limited. A web‐based survey was conducted to obtain socio‐economic information on Portuguese spearfishers, identify the most common fishing habitats, target species, fishing effort, and evaluate their perceptions towards management and conservation measures. Results suggest that spearfishing is essentially seen as promoting well‐being, escaping the daily routine and outdoor enjoyment. Favourable environmental conditions and habitat availability seem to play an important role in the fishing effort, with warmer, less exposed rocky bottoms covered with algae being the most appreciated for spearfishing. Spearfishers reported targeting mostly two species: European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the white seabream Diplodus sargus. The added fishing mortality caused by spearfishers should be included in stock assessment of these species. Most respondents felt that the management measures in place were inappropriate and unfair for the spearfishing activity.
The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment
Authors: Lu Tiezhan , McKeown Shelley 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious research supports that both empathic concern and perspective‐taking are predictors of altruistic behaviours in dictator games. Less is known, however, about how the identity of the victim and the perpetrator and the strength of ingroup identity of the observer in such games impacts upon preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Focusing on gender identity, the present research aimed to examine the effects of empathy, perceived injustice and ingroup identity strength on preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Female adult participants (n = 116) were recruited through an online survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Using a dictator‐style game, participants were randomly assigned to observe either a male or female distributing resources to a female victim, after which they were asked to rate their feelings of injustice and then completed a series of measures including empathic concern, perspective‐taking and strength of gender identity. Results demonstrate that empathic concern and perspective‐taking predicted third‐party altruistic preferences but there was no effect of experimental condition (perpetrator identity). Results have implications for promoting perspective‐taking‐focused empathy intervention in occasions where distributive inequality or intergroup bias frequently occurs. These are also the insight to female’s awareness of gender equality and a novel enforce of norm violations.
Burden of Restricted Activity and Associated Symptoms and Problems in Late Life and at the End of Life
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , Allore Heather G. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Murphy Terrence E. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo compare rates of restricted activity and associated symptoms and problems in the last 6 months of life with those in the period before the last 6 months of life.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGreater New Haven, Connecticut.ParticipantsCommunity‐living persons aged 70 and older (N=754).MeasurementsThe occurrence of restricted activity (staying in bed for at least half the day or cutting down on usual activities) and 24 prespecified symptoms and problems leading to restricted activity was ascertained monthly for nearly 19 years.ResultsRates of restricted activity per 100 person‐months were 36.5 in the last 6 months of life versus 16.1 in the period before the last 6 months of life (P<.001). Of 737 participants with 1 month or more of restricted activity, rates of restricting symptoms per 100 person‐months of restricted activity ranged from 8.0 for frequent or painful urination to 65.6 for been fatigued, and rates of restricting problems ranged from 0.1 for problem with alcohol to 23.4 for been afraid of falling. Rates were significantly higher in the last 6 months of life than in the prior period for 13 of the 24 restricting symptoms and problems (P<.05), most notably for shortness of breath (38.6 vs 21.8), weakness (37.3 vs 18.9), and confusion (31.2 vs 9.8). Mean (standard error) number of restricting symptoms and problems was significantly higher in the last 6 months of life (6.1 (0.1)) than in the prior period (4.7 (0.03)) (P<.001).ConclusionRates of restricted activity and associated symptoms and problems are substantially greater in the last 6 months of life than in the period before the last 6 months of life. Enhanced palliative care strategies may be needed to diminish the burden of distressing symptoms and problems at the end of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2282–2288, 2018.
Financiers in the forests on Vancouver Island, British Columbia: On fixes and colonial enclosures
Authors: Ekers Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStarting in the mid 2000s, a financial asset management company and institutional investors began to invest in timberlands in British Columbia, Canada's most western province. In a period of political economic crisis, investors looked to real assets—“dirt and trees” in the words of one research participant—as a means of accumulating capital through securing access to huge parcels of the most productive and valuable forestland in North America. This article analyses these investments as a socioecological fix for finance capital suggesting that investments in land represent a means for capital and the state to negotiate moments of crisis. The article complicates existing accounts of fixes by demonstrating how the survival of capital in a settler context is fully dependent on an ongoing settler‐colonial project of separating Indigenous people from their land base. The article focuses on the explicitly “private” nature of the land under examination and how this is central to the strategies of investors, the state's deregulation of forest policies, and the marginalization of First Nations' claims to land. The article demonstrates that in settler contexts, discussions of fixes need to be much more attentive to the historic and enduring colonial threads woven through investments in land.
Human omental adipose‐derived stem cells from donors with different body mass index had similar effects on proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Li Mingxia , Li Xiaoping , Zhao Lijun , Zhou Jingyi , Cheng Yuan , Wang Jianliu , Wei Lihui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to confirm whether human omental adipose‐derived stem cells (O‐ASC) from donors with varying body mass index (BMI, calculated in kg/m2) exert different effects on proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer (EC) cells.MethodsOmental adipose‐derived stem cells were isolated from the omental adipose tissues of eight patients who were diagnosed with EC aged from 35 to 56 years. According to the patients’ BMI, the O‐ASC was divided into two groups: obesity group (BMI ≥ 30) and normal group (18.5 < BMI ≤ 24.9). A broad spectrum cytokine antibody array was used to measure 62 paracrine cytokines secreted by all the O‐ASC. MTS assays, direct and indirect co‐culture assays were used to assess the effects of O‐ASC on proliferation and migration of Hec‐1A (estrogen receptor−/progesterone receptor−) and Ishikawa (estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+) EC cells.ResultsEight samples of O‐ASC were successfully isolated including four samples in obesity group and four in normal group. All the O‐ASC displayed typical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and possessed similar secretory functions as 26 cytokines were identified in condition medium of O‐ASC based on cytokine antibody array. The proliferation of Ishikawa cells was gently stimulated by O‐ASC from the two groups (P < 0.05) whereas without any effects on Hec‐1A cells. Both horizontal and vertical migrations of EC cells were promoted by O‐ASC (P < 0.01). However, there were no statistical differences between the two groups.ConclusionHuman O‐ASC could influence the proliferation and migration of EC cells in vitro but the effects were not modified by donors’ BMI.
The Surprising Predictable Decline of Religion in the United States
Authors: Brauer Simon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractScholars over the past several decades have noted the resilience of religion in the United States (Chaves 2011; Gorski and Altınordu 2008; Hadden 1987:601–02; Presser and Chaves 2007), but many recognize that the youngest U.S. cohorts are significantly lower on several religious characteristics than older cohorts (Hout and Fischer 2014; Putnam and Campbell 2012; Voas and Chaves 2016). Scholars have proposed several explanations for this trend, disagreeing about whether it is the result of a particular cultural moment or an ongoing process leading to even greater religious decline. Voas (2009) proposed one such explanation. He used European data to show that the proportion of nonreligious people in each cohort only became significant when previous cohorts reached a critical mass of moderately religious people. Voas's model is novel and promising but has neither been examined statistically nor applied to U.S. data, which I take up here. I find that, surprisingly, the United States fits closely on the same trajectory of religious decline as European countries, suggesting a shared demographic process as opposed to idiosyncratic change. I conclude by discussing how these findings inform theories of self‐reinforcing religious decline and cross‐national patterns of religiosity.
Intention‐to‐treat analysis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The impact of pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Gao Zhenzhen , Xiang Jie , Zhou Jie , Yan Sheng , Hu Zhenhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsDiabetes mellitus is known to negatively impact the outcome of liver transplant; however, data are scarce regarding risk of waitlist dropout and tumour recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We examined the impact of diabetes mellitus on the outcomes of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma on an intention‐to‐treat basis.MethodsOur study included 15 776 candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database from 2008 to 2015 to evaluate the risk of waitlist dropout, hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and overall survival.ResultsThere were more patients dropped out from the waiting list owing to patient disease deterioration or tumour progression in the diabetes mellitus group (15.1% vs 13.7%, P = 0.024). The mean waiting time was similar in the two groups (233 days vs 230 days, P = 0.631). The recurrence rate was higher in the diabetes mellitus group (9.0% vs 6.2%, P < 0.001); however, the mean time to recurrence in the two groups was similar (23.7 months vs 22.6 months, P = 0.371). Diabetes mellitus, tumours exceeding Milan criteria, and AFP >400 ng/mL were independent predictive factors for recurrence. On an intention‐to‐treat basis, diabetes mellitus was also an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival; however, the overall survival was comparable with tumours beyond Milan criteria.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus was associated with poor survival outcomes and an increased risk of waitlist dropout and tumour recurrence rates in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Those patients should be paid more attention to cardiovascular and oncological examination when determining waitlist and post‐transplant surveillance strategies.
Arrow–Debreu equilibria for rank‐dependent utilities with heterogeneous probability weighting
Authors: Jin Hanqing , Xia Jianming , Zhou Xun Yu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study Arrow–Debreu equilibria for a one‐period‐two‐date pure exchange economy with rank‐dependent utility agents having heterogeneous probability weighting and outcome utility functions. In particular, we allow the economy to have a mix of expected utility agents and rank‐dependent utility ones, with nonconvex probability weighting functions. The standard approach for convex economy equilibria fails due to the incompatibility with second‐order stochastic dominance. The representative agent approach devised in Xia and Zhou (2016) does not work either due to the heterogeneity of the weighting functions. We overcome these difficulties by considering the comonotone allocations, on which the rank‐dependent utilities become concave. Accordingly, we introduce the notion of comonotone Pareto optima, and derive their characterizing conditions. With the aid of the auxiliary problem of price equilibria with transfers, we provide a sufficient condition in terms of the model primitives under which an Arrow–Debreu equilibrium exists, along with the explicit expression of the state‐price density in equilibrium. This new, general sufficient condition distinguishes the paper from previous related studies with homogeneous and/or convex probability weightings.
Frontal executive function and the bladder: A study of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Haruta Hiroyuki , Sakakibara Ryuji , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Tateno Fuyuki , Kishi Masahiko , Aiba Yosuke , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tatsuya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPathophysiology of bladder dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, a disease that shares pathology with Parkinson's disease [PD]) is disturbed prefrontal‐basal ganglia pathway. Similarly, DLB/PD patients have frontal executive dysfunction by the same mechanism.AimTo study the relationship between executive function and bladder autonomic function in patients with DLB.MethodsWe recruited 45 patients with DLB (28 male, 17 female; age 73.3 years ± 6.8). Other neurologic, urologic, and systemic causes of cognitive and bladder dysfunctions were excluded. All patients underwent urodynamics tests and three sets of cognitive tasks (i.e. the mini‐mental state examination [MMSE], Alzheimer's disease assessment scale cognitive [ADAScog; general cognitive tasks], and the frontal assessment battery [FAB; frontal executive tasks]).ResultsThe urinary questionnaire revealed urinary incontinence in 20 patients. Urodynamic testing revealed detrusor overactivity (DO) in 30 patients. Cognitive testing found patients’ mean MMSE score to be 22.6 ± 4.8, while their mean FAB score was 11.5 ± 2.6. There was no relationship between DO and total MMSE score. However, our analysis revealed a significant relationship between DO and total FAB score (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results showed that performance on the FAB test decreased in DLB patients with bladder dysfunction.
CAD1 and CCR2 protein complex formation in monolignol biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Yan Xiaojing , Liu Jie , Kim Hoon , Liu Baoguang , Huang Xiong , Yang Zhichang , Lin Ying‐Chung Jimmy , Chen Hao , Yang Chenmin , Wang Jack P. , Muddiman David C. , Ralph John , Sederoff Ronald R. , Li Quanzi , Chiang Vincent L. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Lignin is the major phenolic polymer in plant secondary cell walls and is polymerized from monomeric subunits, the monolignols. Eleven enzyme families are implicated in monolignol biosynthesis. Here, we studied the functions of members of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase (CCR) families in wood formation in Populus trichocarpa, including the regulatory effects of their transcripts and protein activities on monolignol biosynthesis.

Enzyme activity assays from stem‐differentiating xylem (SDX) proteins showed that RNAi suppression of PtrCAD1 in P. trichocarpa transgenics caused a reduction in SDX CCR activity. RNAi suppression of PtrCCR2, the only CCR member highly expressed in SDX, caused a reciprocal reduction in SDX protein CAD activities. The enzyme assays of mixed and coexpressed recombinant proteins supported physical interactions between PtrCAD1 and PtrCCR2.

Biomolecular fluorescence complementation and pull‐down/co‐immunoprecipitation experiments supported a hypothesis of PtrCAD1/PtrCCR2 heterodimer formation.

These results provide evidence for the formation of PtrCAD1/PtrCCR2 protein complexes in monolignol biosynthesis in planta.
Archosauromorph extinction selectivity during the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction
Authors: Allen Bethany J. , Stubbs Thomas L. , Benton Michael J. , Puttick Mark N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany traits have been linked to extinction risk among modern vertebrates, including mode of life and body size. However, previous work has indicated there is little evidence that body size, or any other trait, was selective during past mass extinctions. Here, we investigate the impact of the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction on early Archosauromorpha (basal dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs and their relatives) by focusing on body size and other life history traits. We built several new archosauromorph maximum‐likelihood supertrees, incorporating uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships. These supertrees were then employed as a framework to test whether extinction had a phylogenetic signal during the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction, and whether species with certain traits were more or less likely to go extinct. We find evidence for phylogenetic signal in extinction, in that taxa were more likely to become extinct if a close relative also did. However, there is no correlation between extinction and body size, or any other tested trait. These conclusions add to previous findings that body size, and other traits, were not subject to selection during mass extinctions in closely‐related clades, although the phylogenetic signal in extinction indicates that selection may have acted on traits not investigated here.
Political Attitudes and the Processing of Misinformation Corrections
Authors: Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Ang Li Chang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMisinformation often continues to influence people’s memory and inferential reasoning after it has been retracted; this is known as the continued influence effect (CIE). Previous research investigating the role of attitude‐based motivated reasoning in this context has found conflicting results: Some studies have found that worldview can have a strong impact on the magnitude of the CIE, such that retractions are less effective if the misinformation is congruent with a person’s relevant attitudes, in which case the retractions can even backfire. Other studies have failed to find evidence for an effect of attitudes on the processing of misinformation corrections. The present study used political misinformation—specifically fictional scenarios involving misconduct by politicians from left‐wing and right‐wing parties—and tested participants identifying with those political parties. Results showed that in this type of scenario, partisan attitudes have an impact on the processing of retractions, in particular (1) if the misinformation relates to a general assertion rather than just a specific singular event and (2) if the misinformation is congruent with a conservative partisanship.