bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ibadis on (and in) the Margins
Authors: Love Paul M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom at least the 17th century onward, a sizeable Maghribi Ibadi community lived, studied, and worked in the city of Cairo, centered around a trade agency, school, and library known as the ‘Buffalo Agency’ (Wikālat al-Jāmūs). Over nearly four centuries, this agency served as a hub for Ibadi intellectual activity and manuscript production. Despite its place of prominence in the history of early-modern Ibadi communities, manuscripts are some of the only surviving evidence of its existence. Using manuscript notes from and catalog data on manuscripts either held at the agency’s library or copied there, this article suggests that Ibadis were far from the small, isolated minority community in northern Africa they are often imagined to have been. Instead, the story of the Buffalo Agency points to the ways in which Ibadis very much belonged to the intellectual and commercial worlds of Sunni-dominated Cairo from the 17th–20th centuries.
Direct and indirect psychological impacts of shark-bite events
Authors: Taylor Jennifer , McLean Loyola , Korner Anthony , Glozier Nicholas 
Published: October 2018

Objective: Shark bites are rare, with intense media exposure. There are no known studies of the psychological impacts of this specific type of traumatic event. This is the first study that describes those directly and indirectly affected, and evaluates the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related risk factors. Methods: In total, 124 members of an Australian shark-bite peer-support group were invited to complete an online survey assessing demographic, event, media and psychological factors. Response rate was 48% ( n = 60, 63% male, 44 ± 14 years). Retrospective and current measures of PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and suicidality (Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale [SIDAS-5]) were used. Results: Post-event PTSD was prevalent in this sample ( n = 16/59, 27.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [15.4, 38.8]), but less so currently ( n = 2/55, 3.6%, 95% CI = [0.0, 8.7]). In addition, nine ( n = 9/59, 15.3%, 95% CI = [5.8, 24.7]) had subthreshold, but highly symptomatic, syndromes post event. There was no association of PTSD with direct/indirect bite involvement, gender, or prior trauma. Two respondents were at risk of suicidal behaviour. PTSD was commonly reported by those without a partner (odds ratio [OR] = 5.91, 95% CI = [1.52, 22.99], p = 0.01) or with two friends or fewer to rely on (OR = 5.83, 95% CI = [1.62, 21.01], p = 0.01). PTSD was more likely in those with a negative media experience ( n = 34/52, 65.4%, OR = 11.90, 95% CI = [1.42, 100.04], p = 0.02) and 61.5% ( n = 32/52) of respondents reported media coverage lasting months or years. In multivariate modelling, negative media impact, relationship status and friendships were independently associated with PTSD and explained much of the variance in PTSD ( F4,41 = 10.94, p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.52). Conclusion: Nearly one-third of members of an Australian shark-bite peer-support group report post-event PTSD, and one-quarter of these were not present at the time of the event. Findings support interventions targeting negative media impact, similar to media reporting guidelines for suicide, and enhancing social support.
Stenting versus Splinting of Uretero-Intestinal Anastomoses: Our Experience
Authors: Simonato A. , Bonini F. , Zaninetta G. , Caviglia C. , De Rose A.F. , Galli S. , Corbu C. , Carmignani G. 
Published: October 2018

The role and type of temporary ureteral splints to be used for uretero-intestinal anastomoses is not yet clear, especially regarding whether they help prevent stenoses or fistulas, which are complications that can affect the successful outcome of the actual operation. The aim of this study is to assess the results using the double J ureteral stent and the splint in patients subjected to radical cystectomy and urinary diversion using the intestine. Material and methods From November ‘94 to December ‘97, 109 patients underwent radical cystectomy: 60 orthotopic neobladders were created (53 VIP, 4 Reddy 2, 2 Studer, 1 Carney 2), 42 ileal conduits, 4 heterotopic diversions (2 Indiana, 1 Mainz1, 1 Mainz2), 3 USS and 216 u-i anastomoses (93 Le Duc, 6 Leadbetter, 4 Goodwin, 2 Split-cuff, 2 Main, 2 Ghoneim, 41 Nesbit, 35 Wallace1, 13 Bricker, 12 Polsino, 6 Wallace2). 115 splints were used (in orthotopic and heterotopic diversions the counter-opening was through the abdominal wall) and 101 double J stents. A check by neocystography/Brikergraph and transplintgraph (with possible removal of the splint) was carried out on the 15th day, while the double J stent was removed on the 30th day by flexible cystoscopy. Results 18 stenoses occurred, of which 7/115 patients subjected to splinting and 11/101 patients subjected to stenting. Fistulas occurred in 6 patients: 5/6 with stent, 1/6 with splint (5 VIP with 5 Le Duc, 1 Bricker with Nesbit): these resolved spontaneously keeping the ureteral splint in situ for a longer period (average 20 days, range 15–32). These is consequently no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients (p = 0,09 for stenoses and p = 0,11 for fistulas). Conclusions The importance of the temporary ureteral splint in u-i anastomoses in order to prevent stenoses or fistulas seems to be recognised in literature, but the type of splint is not clarified. Our study does not seem to indicate a substantial preference. The choice of splint depends on the personal preference of the surgeon, also taking into account that although the splint allows radiological (also serial) control of the upper urinary tracts (important with urinary fistulas), the stent is perhaps easier to handle and better tolerated by the patient.
Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent Bolus and Continuous Infusion Neostigmine for Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Smedley Lucas W. , Foster Dana B. , Barthol Colleen A. , Hall Reed , Gutierrez G. Christina 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To compare clinical response of intermittent bolus versus continuous infusion neostigmine for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction occurs due to reduced colonic parasympathetic activity. Neostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases frequency of smooth muscle contraction by increasing acetylcholine at autonomic nervous system synapses. Although these administration modalities have been studied separately, they have never been compared. Methods: This retrospective study compared bolus versus continuous infusion neostigmine for ACPO. The primary outcome was initial clinical response, defined as bowel movement (BM) within 4 hours of bolus dose or 24 hours of initiation of continuous infusion. Secondary outcomes included time to BM, bowel diameter reduction at 24 hours, incidence of bradycardia, additional neostigmine requirements, and need for colonic decompression or surgical intervention. Results: Seventy-five patients were included (bolus n = 37; infusion n = 38). Median total 24-hour neostigmine dose was 2.0 mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0-2.6) with bolus and 9.6 mg (IQR: 6.3-9.6) with continuous infusion. Initial clinical response was similar (infusion 81.6% vs bolus 62.2%, P = .06), but continuous infusion was associated with greater bowel diameter reduction (73.7% vs 40.5%, P = .004). Bolus administration had shorter time to BM (1.4 vs 3.5 hours, P = .0478) and increased need for colonic decompression (67.6% vs 39.5%, P = .0148). Bolus dosing was associated with less bradycardia (13.5% vs 39.5%, P = 0.011), with no difference in atropine usage (10.8% vs 5.3%, P = .43). Conclusion: Initial clinical response was similar between groups; however, continuous infusion neostigmine was associated with greater bowel diameter reduction at 24 hours. Bolus administration resulted in less bradycardia; however, given the lack of difference in atropine use, clinical significance is unknown. This study is the first to compare bolus versus continuous infusion neostigmine for ACPO. Further studies are needed to confirm findings.
Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Psychoactive medications
Authors: Denenberg Sagi , Dubé Maya Bräm 
Published: October 2018

Practical relevance: When a cat is presented for evaluation of a problem behaviour, it is likely that the cat’s wellbeing is negatively affected by the condition. In addition, the owners and any other animals around the cat may also be experiencing negative consequences. When managing these cases, it is important to consider all options (including behaviour modification, environmental changes, medications) that can help to reach an optimal solution. Medication cannot teach the cat how to behave or change a particular behaviour; it can, however, reduce arousal, excitability, reactivity and anxiety. Rationale: The rationale for using psychoactive medications in behavioural medicine, or veterinary psychiatry, is to increase the wellbeing of the animal and to aid the owner and practitioner in managing problem behaviours. Medications should always be used as an adjunct to behavioural and environmental modification. Clinical challenges: Many psychoactive medications cannot be used in the face of certain physical illnesses or concurrently with other medications. Some medications may also have side effects, not be effective at the recommended dose or have a paradoxical effect. Furthermore, success is reliant on the owner being able to administer the medication. Aims: This article aims to guide practitioners by discussing questions such as how to choose the appropriate medication, how to dose it and how long to use it. The psychoactive medications most commonly used in feline medicine are reviewed, as well as some that are newer or less common. Evidence base: Data for the use of medications in cats is limited, with just a small number of clinical-, species- and problem-directed studies available, and a few more case series and case reports. Where feline-specific research is not available, the authors have drawn upon research published in other species, such as humans, dogs and rats, as well as anecdotal reports and expert opinions.
Association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiorespiratory fitness in the adult population of the USA
Authors: Marawan Amr , Kurbanova Nargiza , Qayyum Rehan 
Published: October 2018

Aims The small number of studies that have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the association between vitamin D levels and CRF in a representative sample of the US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2001–2004). Methods We included participants between the ages of 20 and 49 years and excluded those with vitamin D levels at the 5% extremes of the distribution. We used survey-weighted linear regression without and with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate to examine the relationship between the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (as a surrogate for CRF) and vitamin D levels. Results Of the 1995 participants, 45.2% were women, 49.1% were white, 13% had hypertension, and 4% had diabetes. The mean ± SD age was 33 ± 8.6 years, with a mean ± SD vitamin D level of 58 ± 5.3 nmol/L and a mean ± SD VO2 max of 40 ± 9.7 ml/kg/min. Participants in the highest quartile of vitamin D levels had a significantly higher CRF than participants in the lowest quartile (difference 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–5.5; P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the difference between the highest and lowest vitamin D quartiles remained significant (difference 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–4.1; P < 0.001). In unadjusted and adjusted linear regression, each 10 nmol/L increase in vitamin D level was associated with a significant increase in VO2 max (β = 0.78 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.55–1.01; P < 0.001; β = 0.51 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.23–0.79; P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions We found an independent and robust association between serum vitamin D levels and CRF, but our results need to be validated with clinical trials examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRF.
Exercise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction in breast cancer patients
Authors: Howden Erin J , Bigaran Ashley , Beaudry Rhys , Fraser Steve , Selig Steve , Foulkes Steve , Antill Yoland , Nightingale Sophie , Loi Sherene , Haykowsky Mark J , La Gerche André 
Published: October 2018

Background Anthracycline chemotherapy may be associated with decreased cardiac function and functional capacity measured as the peak oxygen uptake during exercise ([Formula: see text] peak). We sought to determine (a) whether a structured exercise training program would attenuate reductions in [Formula: see text] peak and (b) whether exercise cardiac imaging is a more sensitive marker of cardiac injury than the current standard of care resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods Twenty-eight patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy were able to choose between exercise training (mean ± SD age 47 ± 9 years, n = 14) or usual care (mean ± SD age 53 ± 9 years, n = 14). Measurements performed before and after anthracycline chemotherapy included cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine [Formula: see text] peak and functional disability ([Formula: see text] peak < 18 ml/min/kg), resting echocardiography (LVEF and global longitudinal strain), cardiac biomarkers (troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide) and exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine stroke volume and peak cardiac output. The exercise training group completed 2 × 60 minute supervised exercise sessions per week. Results Decreases in [Formula: see text] peak during chemotherapy were attenuated with exercise training (15 vs. 4% reduction, P = 0.010) and fewer participants in the exercise training group met the functional disability criteria after anthracycline chemotherapy compared with those in the usual care group (7 vs. 50%, P = 0.01). Compared with the baseline, the peak exercise heart rate was higher and the stroke volume was lower after chemotherapy ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.06, respectively). There was a reduction in resting LVEF (from 63 ± 5 to 60 ± 5%, P = 0.002) and an increase in troponin (from 2.9 ± 1.3 to 28.5 ± 22.4 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), but no difference was observed between the usual care and exercise training group. The baseline peak cardiac output was the strongest predictor of functional capacity after anthracycline chemotherapy in a model containing age and resting cardiac function (LVEF and global longitudinal strain). Conclusions The peak exercise cardiac output can identify patients at risk of chemotherapy-induced functional disability, whereas current clinical standards are unhelpful. Functional disability can be prevented with exercise training.
The natural history of asymptomatic central venous catheter–related thrombosis in critically ill children
Authors: Jones Sophie , Butt Warwick , Monagle Paul , Cain Timothy , Newall Fiona 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Asymptomatic central venous catheter (CVC)–related thrombosis in children varies in incidence from 5% to 69%. The rate of acute and long-term complications, such as postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), from asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis is unknown. This article reports the outcomes of a prospective study of 189 children in pediatric intensive care that aimed to determine the frequency of asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis during hospital admission, and the incidence of residual CVC-related thrombosis and clinically significant PTS 2 years later. Risk factors associated with CVC-related thrombosis were also identified. This study is distinct from previous work as children identified to have asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis were not treated (clinical team kept blinded) and the entire cohort was followed for 2 years to determine the natural history of asymptomatic thrombosis. Ultrasounds of 146 children determined a 21.9% incidence of acute CVC-related thrombosis. Two children were symptomatic. No radiological thrombosis extension or clinical embolization occurred in the 126 children assessed at follow-up. Using 2 recognized PTS scales, clinically significant PTS was reported in 2 children (1 symptomatic, 1 asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis), however, neither had functional impairment. Cardiac arrest was a risk factor for CVC-related thrombosis during admission and femoral CVC placement was predictive of residual thrombosis 2 years later. This study challenges the notion that critically ill children with asymptomatic CVC-related thrombosis require anticoagulant treatment, as the results demonstrate that the incidence of acute or long-term complications is low. A larger confirmatory study of nontreatment of CVC-related thrombosis in critically ill children is justified.
A systematic review of spatial decision support systems in public health informatics supporting the identification of high risk areas for zoonotic disease outbreaks
Authors: Beard Rachel , Wentz Elizabeth , Scotch Matthew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Zoonotic diseases account for a substantial portion of infectious disease outbreaks and burden on public health programs to maintain surveillance and preventative measures. Taking advantage of new modeling approaches and data sources have become necessary in an interconnected global community. To facilitate data collection, analysis, and decision-making, the number of spatial decision support systems reported in the last 10 years has increased. This systematic review aims to describe characteristics of spatial decision support systems developed to assist public health officials in the management of zoonotic disease outbreaks.

Methods
A systematic search of the Google Scholar database was undertaken for published articles written between 2008 and 2018, with no language restriction. A manual search of titles and abstracts using Boolean logic and keyword search terms was undertaken using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction included items such as spatial database management, visualizations, and report generation.

Results
For this review we screened 34 full text articles. Design and reporting quality were assessed, resulting in a final set of 12 articles which were evaluated on proposed interventions and identifying characteristics were described. Multisource data integration, and user centered design were inconsistently applied, though indicated diverse utilization of modeling techniques.

Conclusions
The characteristics, data sources, development and modeling techniques implemented in the design of recent SDSS that target zoonotic disease outbreak were described. There are still many challenges to address during the design process to effectively utilize the value of emerging data sources and modeling methods. In the future, development should adhere to comparable standards for functionality and system development such as user input for system requirements, and flexible interfaces to visualize data that exist on different scales.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018110466.
Exposure to mild blast forces induces neuropathological effects, neurophysiological deficits and biochemical changes
Authors: Hernandez Adan , Tan Chunfeng , Plattner Florian , Logsdon Aric F. , Pozo Karine , Yousuf Mohammad A. , Singh Tanvir , Turner Ryan C. , Lucke-Wold Brandon P. , Huber Jason D. , Rosen Charles L. , Bibb James A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDirect or indirect exposure to an explosion can induce traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity levels. Primary TBI from blast exposure is commonly characterized by internal injuries, such as vascular damage, neuronal injury, and contusion, without external injuries. Current animal models of blast-induced TBI (bTBI) have helped to understand the deleterious effects of moderate to severe blast forces. However, the neurological effects of mild blast forces remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effects caused by mild blast forces combining neuropathological, histological, biochemical and neurophysiological analysis. For this purpose, we employed a rodent blast TBI model with blast forces below the level that causes macroscopic neuropathological changes. We found that mild blast forces induced neuroinflammation in cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Moreover, mild blast triggered microvascular damage and axonal injury. Furthermore, mild blast caused deficits in hippocampal short-term plasticity and synaptic excitability, but no impairments in long-term potentiation. Finally, mild blast exposure induced proteolytic cleavage of spectrin and the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator, p35 in hippocampus. Together, these findings show that mild blast forces can cause aberrant neurological changes that critically impact neuronal functions. These results are consistent with the idea that mild blast forces may induce subclinical pathophysiological changes that may contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Tunnel detection at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, USA — Part 1: 2D full-waveform inversion experiment
Authors: Wang Yao , Miller Richard D. , Peterie Shelby L. , Sloan Steven D. , Moran Mark L. , Cudney Harley H. , Smith James A. , Borisov Dmitri , Modrak Ryan , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: October 2018

We have applied time domain 2D full-waveform inversion (FWI) to detect a known 10 m deep wood-framed tunnel at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. The acquired seismic data consist of a series of 2D survey lines that are perpendicular to the long axis of the tunnel. With the use of an initial model estimated from surface wave methods, a void-detection-oriented FWI workflow was applied. A straightforward [Formula: see text] quotient masking method was used to reduce the inversion artifacts and improve confidence in identifying anomalies that possess a high [Formula: see text] ratio. Using near-surface FWI, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] velocity profiles were obtained with void anomalies that are easily interpreted. The inverted velocity profiles depict the tunnel as a low-velocity anomaly at the correct location and depth. A comparison of the observed and simulated waveforms demonstrates the reliability of inverted models. Because the known tunnel has a uniform shape and for our purposes an infinite length, we apply 1D interpolation to the inverted [Formula: see text] profiles to generate a pseudo 3D (2.5D) volume. Based on this research, we conclude the following: (1) FWI is effective in near-surface tunnel detection when high resolution is necessary. (2) Surface-wave methods can provide accurate initial S-wave velocity [Formula: see text] models for near-surface 2D FWI.