bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uma imagem na cidade: no flagrante, um sentido
Authors: Barbai Marcos Aurélio 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o acontecimento político e simbólico que tem produzido o território como uma cena visível e legível, através das imagens fabricadas pelos sistemas de vigilância e monitoramento urbano, ferramenta atual e indispensável para administrar a vida na cidade e a circulação no espaço urbano. Sustentados por nosso material de análise, a saber, uma multa de trânsito, perguntamos: que sentidos falam a imagem e o escrito da lei? Há uma imagem da memória constituindo e fabricando sentidos.
O conector 'quando' e o encadeamento de episódios da narrativa jornalística
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes , Marinho Janice Helena Chaves 
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho estuda as propriedades do conector quando usado em sequências narrativas de reportagens, com o objetivo de investigar como esse recurso linguístico encadeia os acontecimentos expressos nesse tipo de sequência. Para o seu desenvolvimento, adotamos o Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso. Nosso estudo evidenciou que o conector quando utilizado em sequências narrativas apresenta propriedades tais como: articular predominantemente unidades textuais mínimas, ser um introdutor típico do episódio Complicação e marcar principalmente relações de discurso temporais (sucessão e regressão), embora possa marcar ainda outras relações de discurso (topicalização, argumentação e reformulação).
O MST no Jornal Hoje uma análise discursiva
Authors: Souza Maurini , Silva Uiara Chagas 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretende identificar uma das formas de construção da imagem do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra do Brasil (MST). Utilizando o viés de análise do discurso apresentado na postura de Foucault (2010), Orlandi (1998; 2005; 2007) e ainda nos estudos de Austin (1962), busca-se evidenciar a parcialidade adotada pela imprensa brasileira nas notícias sobre o MST. São analisadas, neste trabalho, notícias do Jornal Hoje, da Rede Globo de Televisão, do mês de abril, dos anos de 2006, 2008 e 2010, disponíveis em formato de texto no sitio do telejornal. Sob a ótica da análise do discurso, objetiva-se evidenciar a forma negativa como são noticiadas as ações e manifestações do MST.
Spatial Response of Near‐Surface Soil Water Contents to Newly Imposed Soil Management
Authors: Daigh Aaron L. M. , Ghosh Upasana , DeJong‐Hughes Jodi , Horton Robert 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Reports on soil water content semivariograms among soil management practices are rare.
Semivariogram ranges shifted after only 2 yr of newly imposed soil practices.
Findings have implications for scaling remotely sensed soil water in agriculturally mosaic areas.
Near‐surface soil water content (SWC) and its spatial patterns are important for landscape hydrological responses to precipitation as well as our ability to remotely sense and model such responses. Our objective was to measure and evaluate near‐surface SWC semivariograms of agricultural fields with newly imposed (i.e., <2 yr) side‐by‐side soil and residue management practices (i.e., reduced tillage systems and cover crops) in the midwestern United States. Range parameters were consistently smaller when cover crops were planted (20–25 m less) and tillage area and/or intensity was reduced (12–27 m less) compared with no cover crop and chisel plowing, respectively, except in a clayey Vertisol. Nugget and sill parameters did not have consistent trends across soil management practices or sites. These data, although brief and preliminary in scope, provide clear proof of concept that spatial pattern shifts can be clearly detected in newly imposed soil‐management systems even though differences in SWC means are not always evident.
Screening Cowpea Genotypes for High Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Grain Yield under Drought Conditions
Authors: Munjonji Lawrence , Ayisi Kingsley K. , Haesaert Geert , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Cowpea nodule biomass was more sensitive to water stress compared to shoot biomass.
Rainfed conditions resulted in 57% decrease in N2 fixation compared to well‐watered.
Inter‐seasonal variability in rainfall accounted for 58% difference in cowpea grain yield.
Future increase in drought and heat stress will challenge legume productivity in many regions. In Sub‐Saharan Africa, legumes are earmarked as an integral component in building resilience to climate change and food security in smallholder farming systems. Hence, the need for continuous screening of drought tolerant legume genotypes for sustained productivity. A 2‐yr field study was conducted to identify superior cowpea genotypes with high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), grain yield, and drought tolerance. Four genotypes, selected from a pool of 91, were grown under four moisture levels ranging from well‐watered (WW) to severe water stress (SS). Grain yield, shoot biomass, nodule mass, and BNF were determined. There was significant effect of water stress on the measured parameters. Nodule mass and BNF were more sensitive to water stress compared to shoot biomass across genotypes. Water stress resulted in 80% reduction in nodule biomass between WW and SS. As a result, cowpea genotypes grown under SS conditions fixed 57% less N2 compared to those under WW. The study also revealed significant genotypic variation in shoot biomass, grain yield, and BNF. Genotype TVu4607 was low in grain yield but performed better for BNF (71 kg N ha−1 under WW and 30 kg N ha−1 under SS). Genotype IT00K‐1263, proved to be our superior genotype with a good balance of biomass, BNF and grain yield. Our findings suggest that future water stress may significantly affect cowpea productivity, mostly its capacity to fix nitrogen. Consequently, adaptation strategies to improve drought resistance in cowpea are needed, particularly improvement of BNF under water stress.
Impacts of N‐stabilizers and Biochar on Nitrogen Losses, Nitrogen Phytoavailability, and Cotton Yield in Poultry Litter‐Fertilized Soils
Authors: Bohara Hari , Dodla Syam , Wang Jim J. , Darapuneni Murali , Kongchum Manoch , Fromme Daniel D. , Harrell Dustin 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Effect of nitrogen stabilizers were evaluated on nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton in poultry litter fertilized soils.
Nitrogen stabilizers effect on nitrogen losses as NH3 and N2O were evaluated from poultry litter fertilized soils.
Effect of pine hardwood biochar on nitrogen uptake, yield of cotton, and nitrogen losses were evaluated from poultry litter fertilized soils.
Poultry litter (PL) serves as a multi‐nutrient fertilizer. However, compared to inorganic fertilizers, PL requires high rate of application to meet crop nutrient requirements due to relatively low concentration and easy loss of nutrients. A 4‐yr field experiment was conducted with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to examine the effect of the N‐stabilizers [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and dicyandiamide (DCD)], and pine hardwood biochar (PBC) on minimizing N‐losses through NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions, plant nutrient content and agronomic yield in PL applied soils. Application of NBPT to PL was evaluated at 1, 2, and 4 kg ha−1, and NBPT+DCD at 0.22 kg NBPT+2.72 kg DCD and 0.44 kg NBPT+5.44 kg DCD ha−1 with PL only and untreated control treatments. PBC applied to PL was evaluated at 2 and 4 Mg ha−1 along with PBC only at 4 Mg ha−1. The results showed that N‐stabilizers were useful in mitigating PL N‐losses via reducing NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions by up to 12 and 64%, respectively, compared to PL only treatment. N‐stabilizers also improved plant tissue‐N content by up to 5.5% and cotton yields by about 6% over PL treatment. The application of NBPT at 2 kg ha−1 with PL produced higher cotton yield along with lower N losses. For NBPT+DCD, 0.44 kg NBPT+5.44 kg DCD ha−1 with PL performed better than 0.22 kg NBPT+2.72 kg DCD ha−1. PBC was effective in reducing N‐losses through NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions, compared to PL and the untreated control. However, PBC led to reduced N‐availability to plants, as evidenced by lower tissue N‐content and lower cotton yields.
Socioeconomic Factors Determining Fertilizer Use in China for Different Crops: Same Factors, Different Effects
Authors: Wang Ying , Khor Ling Yee , Siddig Khalid 
Published: August 2018

This study examines if the determinants of fertilizer use are the same across crops.
Previous socioeconomic studies usually focus on all crops in total or one major crop.
Only data from farmers on wheat–maize rotation are used to ensure identical sample.
Results indicate differences in factors affecting fertilizer use between two crops.
Design of fertilizer policy should take crop differences into consideration.
Studies on the socioeconomic determinants of fertilizer use intensity usually analyze the total fertilizer use for all crops as a whole or focus only on fertilizer use for the main crop in the region. This article examines if the determinants of fertilizer use are consistent across different crops. Four years of panel data were collected from annual household surveys in Hebei province, China. The data include only households who practice wheat–maize rotation to generate an identical sample for comparing the determinants of fertilizer use in wheat and maize production (N = 1467). A fixed‐effects regression is used to estimate the effects of socioeconomic factors on the intensity of fertilizer use for wheat and maize, respectively, while controlling for unobserved effects. The results indicate that there is inconsistency in the determinants of fertilizer use intensity between the two crops. Labor availability, crop share in food consumption, and farming diversity affect fertilizer use intensity for wheat and maize differently. These findings suggest that crop type matters when examining the socioeconomic determinants of fertilizer use and that current and future fertilizer policies should take crop differences into consideration, for example when identifying potential target groups in fertilizer subsidy programs and development projects where fertilizer is distributed.
Is Green Manure from Riparian Buffer Strip Species an Effective Nutrient Source for Crops?
Authors: Brown Lawrie K. , Kazas Charalampos , Stockan Jenni , Hawes Cathy , Stutter Marc , Ryan Casey M. , Squire Geoffrey R. , George Timothy S. 
Published: August 2018

Agriculture needs to reduce inputs of inorganic fertilizers and close the loop on nutrients that can otherwise become environmental pollutants. This can be achieved by promoting recycling of nutrients within the agricultural landscape. We investigated the extent to which plants found in riparian buffer zones have the potential to provide nutrients to crops as a green manure, through plant growth and decomposition studies. Under controlled conditions, species typical of Scottish riparian buffer strips were tested for their ability to accumulate biomass and nutrients in tissue under N‐ and P‐replete conditions and whether this ability enhanced the utility of the resulting green manure in promoting crop growth. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we found that green manure derived from riparian buffer strips did not effectively replace inorganic fertilizer and only had a significant positive effect on growth, yield, and nutrient accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) when it was integrated with the addition of inorganic fertilizers. The individual species tested varied in the amount of P they accumulated in their tissue (1.38–52.73 mg P plant−1), but individual species did not differ in their ability to promote yield when used as a green manure. Our results indicate that selecting certain species in the buffer strip on the basis of their nutrient accumulating abilities is not an effective way to increase the utility of buffer strip green manure as a nutrient source for crops.Core Ideas
We need to close the loop on nutrients that become environmental pollutants.
Green manure from riparian buffer strips cannot replace chemical fertilizers.
Buffer strip green manure integrated with fertilizer promotes plant growth.
Common riparian buffer species have variation in nutrient accumulation.
Selection of P‐ and N‐accumulating plants does not provide a superior green manure.
Evaluating Sediment Deposition Prediction by Three 137Cs Erosion Conversion Models
Authors: Zhang X.C. , Liu B.Y. , Wei X. , Garbrecht J.D. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
We used 34 years of measured plot erosion data for 137Cs model validation.
For the first time, deposition prediction of three widely used models was evaluated.
A simple proportional model appeared to perform better than mass balance models.
More rigorous validation is needed in conditions including 137Cs peak fallout period.
Although the 137Cs technique has been widely used to estimate soil redistribution in past decades, most 137Cs‐conversion models have not been rigorously validated. The objective of this study was to explicitly evaluate the sediment deposition components of three widely used 137Cs models using 34 yr of soil loss data from a plot (200 × 80 m). The average slope of the plot is approximately 4% in the upper section and 1% in the lower section. The primary soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Udertic or Pachic Paleustoll) is silt loam with 23% sand and 56% silt. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was raised primarily under conventional tillage. Sediment load was measured with a pump sampler at the outlet. Bulk soil cores were taken in a 10‐m grid to estimate 137Cs inventory. The 137Cs depth profiles were measured at eight locations to determine net deposition depth. The proportional model (PM) and two mass balance models (mass balance model 1 [MBM1] and mass balance model 2 [MBM2]) were evaluated. The measured average deposition depth in the depositional area of the lower section was 5.83 cm, and the predicted deposition depths in the area were 4.12, 2.02, and 1.64 cm for PM, MBM1, and MBM2. The results indicated that the simple PM appeared to predict deposition depths better than the two sophisticated mass balance models under the study conditions. However, the true capability of the two mass balance models needs to be further evaluated under more complex conditions that include the critical period of 137Cs peak fallout in the 1950s and 1960s.
Repeatability and Spatiotemporal Variability of Emerging Soil Health Indicators Relative to Routine Soil Nutrient Tests
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Culman Steve W. , Zhao Kaiguang 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
POXC, mineralizable‐C, and protein are emerging soil health indicators.
POXC and mineralizable‐C have analytical variability similar to OM via loss‐on‐ignition.
Soil protein has smaller analytical variability similar to Mehlich‐3 extractable nutrients.
Soil health indicators exhibit spatiotemporal variability to a similar extent as routine nutrient tests.
Soil health indicators do not require greater soil sampling densities within a field.
Ideal indicators suitable for routine soil health evaluation would be rapid, cost‐effective, sensitive to management, and exhibit low analytical variability. Permanganate‐oxidizable C (POXC), mineralizable C, and soil protein are rapid and emerging soil health indicators of labile organic matter (OM), but their repeatability and spatiotemporal variability remain largely unknown. We examined the repeatability and spatiotemporal variability of each indicator relative to routine soil nutrient tests. Grid soil samples were collected three times during a corn (Zea mays L.) growing season at three sites in Ohio. Analytical variability of indicators ranked from highest to lowest mean coefficients of variation (CVs): mineralizable C (13–23%) > OM via loss‐on‐ignition (OM‐LOI; 11–16%) = POXC (9–19%) > protein (2.6–3.2%) = Mehlich‐3 P (1.8–2.6%) = Mehlich‐3 K (3.0–3.8%) > pH (≤1%). Temporal variability of indicators ranked from highest to lowest mean CVs: mineralizable C (22–37%) > OM‐LOI (16–25%) = POXC (9–21%) = Mehlich‐3 P (14–33%) = Mehlich‐3 K (6–33%) ≥ protein (7–13%) > pH (1.7–3.6%). Almost all soil properties exhibited moderate to strong spatial autocorrelations, occurring at range distances ≤76 m. Our results collectively suggest: (i) mineralizable C and POXC have analytical variability similar to that of OM‐LOI, whereas soil protein similar to Mehlich‐3 extractable nutrients; (ii) the soil health indicators exhibit temporal variability to a degree similar to routine soil nutrient tests; and (iii) the soil health indicators display spatial variability to a similar extent as the routine soil nutrient tests and therefore do not require greater soil sampling densities within a field.
Validasi Struktur Internal Alat Ukur Refleksi Diri Adaptif melalui CFA
Authors: Bahiyah Siti , Savitri Setiawati Intan 
Published: August 2018

Adaptive self reflection could be done if people could react positively when analyze negative experienced by reflecting emotions, allowing theself to reconstruct the feelings and meaning of the experience rather than recounting what has happened and what is perceived or avoiding it (self-distancing). The purpose of this study is to developed adaptive self reflection questionnaire by validating internal structure some of scales that have the same relation with adaptive self reflection construct. This study used a quantitative approach with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method involving 100 respondents in the trial and 306 respondents in the next test. The Adaptive self reflection questionnaire that produced in this study consisted of 15 items that measure three dimensions, namely theemotional reactivity, thought content, and avoidance. The Adaptive self reflection questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable (CR = 0.80). The test results proved that the measuring adaptive self reflection questionnaire meet the unidimensionality assumption. Abstrak : Seseorang mencapai refleksi diri adaptif apabila dapat bereaksi secara positif ketika mengingat peristiwa negatif yang pernah dialaminya dengan melakukan refleksi diri, membiarkan diri merekonstruksi perasaan dan makna dari pengalaman daripada mengulang apa yang telah terjadi dan apa yang dirasakan secara nyata atau melakukan penghindaran (self-distancing). Tujuan penelitian ini merancang alat ukur refleksi diri adaptif dengan cara memvalidasi struktur internal beberapa alat ukur sejenis yang berkaitan dengan refleksi diri dengan menggunakan metode Confirmatory Faktor Analysis (CFA) yang melibatkan 100 responden pada tahap uji coba dan 306 responden pada pengujian berikutnya. Alat ukur refleksi diri adaptif yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini terdiri dari 15 aitem yang mengukur tiga dimensi yaitu reaksi emosi, konten pikiran dan penghindaran. Alat ukur refleksi diri adaptif terbukti valid dan reliable (CR = 0.80). Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa alat ukur refleksi diri adaptif ini memenuhi asumsi unidimensionalitas.
O concheiro do Meu Jardim (Nazaré) no contexto das estratégias de produção e circulação de suportes lâmino lamelares no Neolítico Médio da Estremadura Portuguesa
Authors: Goufa Eliana , Valera António Carlos , Carvalho António Faustino 
Published: August 2018

Na planície aluvial da várzea da Nazaré (província da Estremadura Portuguesa, na região centro litoral do país), numa área que estabelece o contacto entre o antigo estuário lagunar interior e o oceano, foi identificado um sítio arqueológico conhecido por Meu Jardim, datado do Neolítico Médio (finais do V e IV milénios A.N.E.), com diversos momento de ocupação registados em estratigrafia, e localizado nas proximidades das jazidas de sílex que terão provavelmente sido exploradas pelos seus ocupantes. Trata-se de um concheiro com vários níveis de ocupação de contexto doméstico.
Em face das lacunas de conhecimento que caracterizam os estudos líticos deste período, optou-se por analisar apenas, neste primeiro estudo, as suas produções lâmino-lamelares e integrá-las no contexto regional.
Estamos perante material de pequenas dimensões, sobretudo em sílex (o quartzo está menos representado), produzido a partir de núcleos prismáticos pré-formatados (o principal método de produção de suportes lâmino-lamelares), que teve lugar nas próprias jazidas de sílex exploradas na área envolvente. As lâminas e lamelas apresentam atributos compatíveis com uma debitagem por pressão, com talões facetados, e terão, no caso do Meu Jardim, sido utilizadas de modo expedito para suprir as necessidades decorrentes de estadias episódicas no local.
De um modo geral, as inferências produzidas a partir do material do sítio do Meu Jardim e da sua comparação com outros contextos revelam, para o período em causa, um comportamento económico e tecnológico muito diversificado no que respeita à exploração e circulação do sílex. As estratégias subjacentes a estas práticas parecem determinadas pela proximidade (maior ou menor) de jazidas de sílex e pelo fim a que se destinavam os suportes alongados (uso imediato, dilatado no tempo, ou uso como oferenda funerária).
Resenha de livro: Tecnologia Lítica na Arqueologia Brasileira. Coletânea de (re)publicações
Authors: Machado Juliana De Resende 
Published: August 2018

Tecnologia lítica na arqueologia brasileira. Coletânea de (re)publicações
Organizado por Luydy Fernandes e Déborah Duarte-Talim
Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2017, pp. 237. ISBN 978-85-62164-11-8
PERFIL DOS ATENDIMENTOS POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS EM UM HOSPITAL DE REFERÊNCIA DE SERGIPE
Authors: Almeida Ândria Silveira , Almeida Thaynara Fontes , Ferreira Fabrício Nicácio , Duque Andrezza Marques 
Published: August 2018

As causas externas causam mais de cinco milhões de mortes e milhares de internações em todo mundo, com as consequências econômicas, emocionais e sociais representando um dos principais desafios da atualidade para o se­tor da saúde, da segurança pública e para toda a sociedade. Objetivou-se identificar o perfil dos atendimentos por causas externas a pacientes da região de Lagarto, Sergipe, Brasil, em um hospital de referência do estado, no ano de 2013. É uma pesquisa de corte transversal retrospectiva. Os dados foram coletados das fichas de atendimento de emergência de todos os prontuários de pacientes que tiveram as causas externas como motivo de atendimento, no ano de 2013, e que fossem pertencentes ao município de Lagarto e sua regional. Identificou-se 836 registros de causas externas quanto ao tipo, sendo os acidentes de transporte o evento mais frequente (41,63%: motociclista 38,52% e automóvel 3,11%) seguido por queda (40,08%) e, por último, agressões (7,41%). Dentre os casos, 70,77% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 29,23% ao feminino; as faixas etárias mais frequentes foram de indivíduos de 30-59 anos (34,09%), seguida da de 20-29 anos (21,32%), menores de 10 anos (17,9%), 11-19 anos (16,03%) e 60 anos ou mais (8,19%). Concluiu-se que o perfil dos pacientes vítimas de causas externas converge com as características identificadas por outros autores do tema: sexo masculino; idade adulta seguida de adultos jovens; acidente de transporte; perfuração, corte e laceração como o tipo mais ocorrente de lesão; e a maior proporção do primeiro atendimento ocorreu no serviço hospitalar.
Palavras-chave: Causas externas. Saúde pública. Epidemiologia.