bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hume’s Answer to Bayle on the Vacuum
Authors: Cottrell Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hume’s discussion of space in the Treatise addresses two main topics: divisibility and vacuum. It is widely recognized that his discussion of divisibility contains an answer to Bayle, whose Dictionary article “Zeno of Elea” presents arguments about divisibility as support for fideism. It is not so widely recognized that, elsewhere in the same article, Bayle presents arguments about vacuum as further support for fideism. This paper aims to show that Hume’s discussion of vacuum contains an answer to these vacuum-based fideistic arguments. Key to this answer is a distinction between two ways in which vacuum was conceived in the early modern period: i) as a genuine thing that has spatial properties, and yet is immobile, indivisible, and penetrable (positive vacuum); ii) as a mere absence of spatial things (privative vacuum). This paper also aims to provide a novel defense of Hume against the long-standing objection that he is inconsistent in denying that we can conceive of a vacuum, while allowing that we can conceive of “invisible and intangible distance.” As I interpret him, Hume consistently denies that we can conceive of a positive vacuum, while allowing that we can conceive of two or more objects’ being arranged so as to have privative vacuum between them.
Collateral and development
Authors: Amendola Nicola , Carbonari Lorenzo , Ferraris Leo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a model economy with endogenous credit constraints à la Kiyotaki-Moore and endogenous growth à la Uzawa-Lucas, in which agents face a trade-off between investing resources to improve the pledgeability of collateral assets and the accumulation of human capital. The model generates both growth miracles and stagnant economies.
Corrosion modified fatigue analysis for next-generation damage-tolerant management
Authors: Brown Nathan , Clark Brandi , Kramer Patrick , Co Noelle Easter C. , Friedersdorf Fritz , Burns James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although a great deal of success in structural integrity management has been achieved, it may be realized by excessively conservative assumptions, high inspection burdens, and aggressive maintenance and repair strategies. Corrosion has been found to reduce fatigue life, but methods to account for it in fatigue modeling are still limited. There is a recognized need to improve structural integrity calculations through the inclusion of the effect of existing corrosion damage on fatigue. The feasibility of a corrosion modified fatigue analysis process that uses finite element analysis and linear elastic fracture mechanics techniques to predict fatigue life of a corroded aircraft component based on the corrosion damage location is demonstrated in this work. A corrosion modified equivalent flaw size was successfully used to predict fatigue crack growth from AA7075-T651 specimens with two different notch geometries and corrosion damage at the notch center.
Drug S-oxidation and phenylalanine hydroxylase: a biomarker for neurodegenerative susceptibility in Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rawlings Lucinda , Turton Laura , Mitchell Stephen C. , Steventon Glyn B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine has been reported previously to be a biomarker of disease susceptibility in Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the present investigation, the original observations have been extended and confirmed.MethodsMeta-analysis of previously published investigations into the S-oxidation polymorphism together with new subject data was evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of the poor metaboliser phenotype (no urinary recovery of S-oxide metabolites) was found to be 3%–7% within healthy and non-neurological disease populations, whereas 38% of the Parkinson’s disease subjects and 39% of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis group were phenotyped as poor metabolisers. The consequent odds risk ratio of developing Parkinson’s disease was calculated to be 33.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.3–86.1] and for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 35.2 (95% CI, 13.0–85.1).ConclusionsThe possible involvement of the enzyme responsible for this S-oxidation biotransformation reaction, phenylalanine hydroxylase, should be further investigated to elucidate its potential role in the mechanism(s) of toxicity in susceptible individuals displaying these diseases. The “Janus hypothesis,” possibly explaining why phenylalanine hydroxylase is a biomarker of neurodegenerative disease susceptibility, together with the general theme that this concept may apply to many other hitherto unsuspected enzyme systems, is presented.
Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess case: could stool PCR avoid it?
Authors: Bernet Sánchez Albert , Bellés Bellés Alba , Aramburu Arnuelos Jesus , Jover Sanz Alfredo , Sesé Abizanda Eva , Vallverdú Vidal Montserrat , García González Mercè 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica. Clinical manifestations could appear after returning from an endemic area or several years after the exposure. The diagnosis usually requires microbiological confirmation.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with Crohn’s disease treated with immunosuppressive drugs, who was admitted to the Emergency Service with liver parenchyma abscesses. Computed tomography (CT)-guided puncture showed pus, and both Gram staining and fresh parasite visualization were negative. Hepatic pus bacteriological culture was reported as negative and parasite multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, being positive for E. histolytica. The same PCR was performed on blood, pleural fluid and stool samples, all of them being positive for E. histolytica.

Conclusions
Reviewing the clinical history of this patient, it was observed that parasite detection in three stool samples was negative 2 months before the current admission. Due to the lack of sensitivity of the microscopy techniques, we propose to routinely perform parasite detection in stools using molecular techniques, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Lignin analysis with benchtop NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Danieli Ernesto , Freichels Hélène , Aldaeus Fredrik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBenchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an emerging field with an appealing profile for industrial applications. The instrumentation offers the possibility to measure NMR spectra in situations where high-field NMR spectroscopy is considered too expensive or complicated. In this study, we investigated the scope and limitations of 1H NMR measurements on kraft lignins and black liquors at low magnetic field strengths (1.0 and 1.5 T). The ability to quantify different classes of compounds was investigated and found to be promising. NMR-based diffusion measurements were performed, with the aim of gaining insight into the molar mass of the lignins at hand. These measurements were fast, repeatable and in good agreement with established methods.
Actin(g) on mitochondria – a role for cofilin1 in neuronal cell death pathways
Authors: Hoffmann Lena , Rust Marco B. , Culmsee Carsten 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Actin dynamics, the coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin), are essential for fundamental cellular processes, including cell shaping and motility, cell division or organelle transport. Recent studies highlighted a novel role for actin dynamics in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology and function, for example, through mitochondrial recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key factor in the mitochondrial fission machinery. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and permanent fission and fusion is essential to maintain their function in energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we summarize recent insights into the emerging role of cofilin1, a key regulator of actin dynamics, for mitochondrial shape and function under physiological conditions and during cellular stress, respectively. This is of peculiar importance in neurons, which are particularly prone to changes in actin regulation and mitochondrial integrity and function. In neurons, cofilin1 may contribute to degenerative processes through formation of cofilin-actin rods, and through enhanced mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and the release of cytochrome c. Overall, mitochondrial impairment induced by dysfunction of actin-regulating proteins such as cofilin1 emerge as important mechanisms of neuronal death with relevance to acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease.
Leaving No one Behind: Some Conceptual and Empirical Issues
Authors: Klasen Stephan , Fleurbaey Marc 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the conceptual and empirical issues involved in the overarching goal of “leaving no one behind” (LNOB). After reviewing some existing documents on the topic, it proposes ways to operationalize LNOB, discusses whether to take a country-focused or person-focused approach, examines various (multidimensional) ways to measure those who are left behind, argues for grounding LNOB on intrinsic and instrumental reasons, suggests ways to identify those at risk of being left behind, and discusses difficult trade-offs with other SDGs for an agenda focused on LNOB.
Kluitenberg–Verhás Rheology of Solids in the GENERIC Framework
Authors: Szücs Mátyás , Fülöp Tamás 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The internal variable methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, with a symmetric tensorial internal variable, provides an important rheological model family for solids, the so-called Kluitenberg–Verhás model family [Cs. Asszonyi et al., Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 27, 2015]. This model family is distinguished not only by theoretical aspects but also on experimental grounds (see [Cs. Asszonyi et al., Period. Polytech., Civ. Eng. 60, 2016] for plastics and [W. Lin et al., Rock Engineering in Difficult Ground Conditions (Soft Rock and Karst), Proceedings of Eurock’09, 2009; K. Matsuki, K. Takeuchi, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 30, 1993; K. Matsuki, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 45, 2008] for rocks). In this article, we present and discuss how the internal variable formulation of the Kluitenberg–Verhás model family can be presented in the non-equilibrium thermodynamical framework GENERIC (General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling) [H. C. Öttinger, Beyond Equilibrium Thermodynamics, 2005; M. Grmela, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 165, 2010; M. Grmela, H. C. Öttinger, Phys. Rev. E 56, 1997; H. C. Öttinger, M. Grmela, Phys. Rev. E 56, 1997], for the benefit of both thermodynamical methodologies and promising practical applications.
Enhancing Performance of Hybrid FSO/Fiber Optic Communication Link Utilizing Multi-Channel Configuration
Authors: Alnajjar Satea H. , Ali Mudhafar Hussein , Abass A. K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Optical wireless is the alternative approach to complete the deployment of optical cable networks in case of failure in implementation. In optical wave the attenuation due to atmospheric turbulence conditions causes a performance degradation of a free space optical (FSO) system. Thus, it will lead to the deterioration of the signal power in the optical cable. To overcome these challenges, multi-channel FSO transmitter and erbium doped fiber in optical link was adopted with high transmission power. In this paper, a hybrid FSO/fiber optic (FSO/FO) link is simulated and investigated under different weather conditions. The proposed hybrid link is evaluated in terms of BER and Q-factor. The proposed system shows a closely performance as compared with the conventional FSO for whole investigation range from 200 m to 2000 m. While the communication distance with the hybrid link is increased by 40 km as compared to conventional FSO. The results show good agreement with Kim model, especially at high input power of 160 mW.
Plate Coupling Mechanism of the Central Andes Subduction: Insight from Gravity Model
Authors: Mahatsente Rezene 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Central Andes experienced major earthquake (Mw =8.2) in April 2014 in a region where the giant 1877 earthquake (Mw=8.8) occurred. The 2014 Iquique earthquake did not break the entire seismic gap zones as previously predicted. Geodetic and seismological observations indicate a highly coupled plate interface. To assess the locking mechanism of plate interfaces beneath Central Andes, a 2.5-D gravity model of the crust and upper mantle structure of the central segment of the subduction zone was developed based on terrestrial and satellite gravity data from the LAGEOS, GRACE and GOCE satellite missions. The densities and major structures of the gravity model are constrained by velocity models from receiver function and seismic tomography.
The gravity model defined details of crustal and slab structure necessary to understand the cause of megathrust asperity generation. The densities of the upper and lower crust in the fore-arc (2970 – 3000 kg m−3) are much higher than the average density of continental crust. The high density bodies are interpreted as plutonic or ophiolitic structures emplaced onto continental crust. The plutonic or ophiolitic structures may be exerting pressure on the Nazca slab and lock the plate interfaces beneath the Central Andes subduction zone. Thus, normal pressure exerted by high density fore-arc structures and buoyancy force may control plate coupling in the Central Andes. However, this interpretation does not exclude other possible factors controlling plate coupling in the Central Andes. Seafloor roughness and variations in pore-fluid pressure in sediments along subduction channel can affect plate coupling and asperity generation.
Fabrication of Cell-Derived Biomimetic Drug Delivery System
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Hong-Hui , Ping Yuan , Gao Jian-Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFunctional biomaterials that are capable of effectively carrying therapeutic agents and specifically delivering therapeutics to pathological sites have been widely investigated over decades. Recently, cellular carriers and cell derivative-based bio-hybrid delivery systems have drawn extensive attention as a promising branch of therapeutic delivery systems, owing to their low immunogenicity and intriguing biomimetic capabilities. Various approaches for the fabrication of these biomimetic carriers have been developed, and some products have already been commercialized as well. In this review, we summarized various processing methods for engineering cell-derived biomimetic drug delivery systems, and discussed their future outlooks.
Crystal structure of 5-carboxy-2-(2-carboxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-4-carboxylate dihydrate, C12H8N2O6⋅2(H2O)
Authors: Li Xiao-Fei , Wang Ke , Zhang Wei , Fu Zi-Ying 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
C12H12N2O8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.1122(5) Å, b = 15.0150(13) Å, c = 17.3561(15) Å, β = 95.152(4)°, V = 1326.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0711, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1509, T = 293(2) K.
Friend or foe? – B cells in stroke
Authors: Berchtold Daniel , Weitbrecht Luis , Meisel Christian , Meisel Andreas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Upon cerebral ischemia, an inflammatory reaction takes place in the brain. Infiltration of different immune cell subsets as well as activation of resident microglia cells have been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on stroke outcome. For a long time, research in the field of adaptive immunity after stroke has mostly focused on T lymphocytes and only recently, several publications shed light on the importance of B lymphocytes in the acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. In this review, we will focus on the role of B cells in the ischemic brain and describe possible antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms in the development of post-stroke cognitive deficits.
God and Man as Unrepresentable Images
Authors: Canullo Carla 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Syrian bishop Theophilus of Antioch said: «Show me your man, and I will show you my God!». This sentence is a way of conveying that man is the image of God. Philosophical thought has attempted to grasp this image through the representation, which suggests the representation as both visual model and act of thought. The image as representation of thought is the method through which both God and man have been thought. This is confirmed by Immanuel Kant who, in the ‘transcendental Dialectic’ of the Critique of Pure Reason, showed that metaphysics thought both man (transcendental paralogism) and God (transcendental Ideal) as an ‘idea’. In contrast, Husserl’s phenomenology opened a new method by conceiving every image, and therefore also the image of God and man, not as a representation of thought but as a ‘phenomenon’ that manifests itself. The phenomenological method, based on the imperative “zu den Sachen selbst!”, would be adequate to grasp human essence that, like the divine one, is spiritual, indefinable and unrepresentable. In order to think this unrepresentability, the present paper investigates the work of Jean-Luc Marion, who thought the unrepresentable image of God and, therefore, of man, by distinguishing the image as an idol and as an icon. Above all, we will try to show that phenomenology allows us to grasp the image of God and man as an icon that cannot be constructed by thought.
Computational methods for NMR and MS for structure elucidation III: More advanced approaches
Authors: Bitchagno Gabin T. M. , Fobofou Tanemossu Serge Alain 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The structural assignment of natural products, even with the very sophisticated one-dimensional and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) spectroscopic methods available today, is still a tedious and time-consuming task. Mass spectrometry (MS) is generally used for molecular mass determination, molecular formula generation and MS/MSn fragmentation patterns of molecules. In the meantime, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides spectra (e. g. 1 H, 13C and correlation spectra) whose interpretation allows the structure determination of known or unknown compounds. With the advance of high throughput studies, like metabolomics, the fast and automated identification or annotation of natural products became highly demanded. Some growing tools to meet this demand apply computational methods for structure elucidation. These methods act on characteristic parameters in the structural determination of small molecules. We have numbered and herein present existing and reputed computational methods for peak picking analysis, resonance assignment, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) assignment, combinatorial fragmentation and structure calculation and prediction. Fully automated programs in structure determination are also mentioned, together with their integrated algorithms used to elucidate the structure of a metabolite. The use of these automated tools has helped to significantly reduce errors introduced by manual processing and, hence, accelerated the structure identification or annotation of compounds.
Anonyma: „Eine Frau in Berlin“
Authors: Saal Yuliya von 
Published: July 2019

Vorspann
Lange Zeit waren sie ein Tabu – die zahllosen Vergewaltigungen deutscher Frauen durch Soldaten der Roten Armee nach der Eroberung Berlins im April/Mai 1945. Auch das im Sommer 1959 erstmals in deutscher Sprache erschienene „Tagebuch“ einer anonymen Zeitzeugin, das anderswo begeistert aufgenommen worden war, fand in der Bundesrepublik erstaunlich wenig Resonanz. Erst die 2003 erschienene Neuauflage avancierte im wiedervereinigten Deutschland zum Bestseller und löste kontroverse Debatten über Opfer- und Täterrollen aus, zumal die Verfasserin als Rad im Getriebe des nationalsozialistischen Propagandaapparats entlarvt und ihre Autorenschaft in Frage gestellt wurde. Yuliya von Saal, die den Nachlass der Anonyma – Marta Hillers – auswerten konnte, räumt diese Zweifel aus, kommt aber nach einer vergleichenden Analyse der verschiedenen Textvarianten zu dem Schluss, dass der Bestseller kein authentisches Zeitdokument ist, sondern ein stark literarisierter Erlebnisbericht.
Von Gegnern zu Partnern?
Authors: Rau Christian 
Published: July 2019

Vorspann
Obwohl seit dem Ende der deutschen Teilung fast drei Jahrzehnte vergangen sind, weist die Landkarte der historischen Forschung bemerkenswerte weiße Flecken auf. Dazu gehört die Geschichte der Gewerkschaften ebenso wie die Geschichte der Medien in der Phase des Übergangs von der Diktatur zur Demokratie. Christian Rau nimmt sich dieses doppelten Desiderats an und fördert überraschende Befunde zutage: Die Führung des Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbunds konservierte bis weit in die 1990er Jahre ein Medienbild, das deutliche Züge des Klassenkampfs trug. Initiativen, die auf eine Anpassung an die veränderten Verhältnisse einer demokratischen Industriegesellschaft zielten, stießen rasch an die Grenzen verkrusteter organisatorischer Strukturen – wie auch Dieter Schmidt erfahren musste, der sich 1990 der doppelten Herausforderung stellte, die Interessen der Gewerkschaften in den neuen Ländern zu wahren und zugleich moderne Medienpolitik zu machen.
Epistemologias dissidentes e trajetórias escolares de mulheres ciganas no Brasil: o fracasso como insistência do sistema de ensino.
Authors: Santamarina Cláudia Valéria Fonseca da Costa 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa de abordagem etnográfica com mulheres ciganas, realizada entre 2013 e 2015, em Rio das Ostras no estado do Rio de Janeiro e reflete sobre o fracasso escolar de mulheres ciganas no Brasil como aspecto intrínseco ao racismo epistemológico e à política educacional homogeneizante, centrada em conteúdo destinado a atender às demandas do colonialismo e da colonialidade do poder. Problematiza os modelos da pedagogia tradicional, pedagogia nova e pedagogia tecnicista incapazes de romper com um sistema monocultural, epistemologicamente excludente e racista, ressaltando seus efeitos na formação de professores, nas bases curriculares e nos métodos de ensino desde a implantação da Educação no Brasil. Analisa o pensamento liminar como meio de promover transversalidades epistemológicas, refletindo sobre a adoção de uma posição epistemológica fronteiriça entre formadores como recurso à superação do fracasso escolar em comunidades alicerçadas em epistemologias dissidentes. Abstract: This article is the result of an ethnographic approach with Roma women conducted between 2013 and 2015 in Rio das Ostras, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It reflects on the school failure of Roma women in Brazil as an intrinsic aspect of epistemological racism and homogenizing educational policy, centered on content designed to meet the demands of colonialism and the coloniality of power. From the models of traditional pedagogy, new pedagogy and technical pedagogy, incapable of breaking with a monocultural, epistemologically excluding and racist system, emphasizes its effects on teachers training, curriculum bases and teaching methods since the implementation of Education in Brazil. Analyzes the liminal thought in perspective of promoting epistemological transversities, reflecting on the adoption of a frontier epistemological position among formators as a tool for overcoming school failure in communities based on dissident epistemologies.