bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the exploration of a marine aquifer offshore Israel by long‐offset transient electromagnetics
Authors: Lippert Klaus , Tezkan Bülent 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe existence of aquifers extending from land beneath the sea floor up to a distance of several kilometres has been observed and examined all over the world. The coastal aquifer of Israel is a heavily used groundwater reservoir which has to be constantly monitored to ensure the drinking water supply. Former land‐based electromagnetic measurements show that it is, in several places, blocked to seawater intrusion and is consequently a candidate for submarine extension. Multicomponent long‐offset transient electromagnetic measurements were carried out offshore on the coast of Israel. We deployed a 400‐m‐long grounded dipole as transmitter and several electric and magnetic receivers on the sea floor up to a distance of 4.8 km from the coast. Altogether, we deployed 8 transmitter positions and received data sets at 14 receiver stations onshore and offshore, with offsets of mostly 400 and 800 m. In this paper, we present the survey and 1D Occam and Marquardt inversions of the offshore horizontal electric components in the broadside and inline configuration. In addition, the vertical magnetic component in the broadside position is also considered. Only single inversions, both single offset and single component, were used to detect the aquifer under sea sediments. We prove the submarine existence of the Israeli coastal aquifer up to a distance to the coast of approximately 3.2 to 3.6 km using all measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic components. In addition, we present modelling studies with synthetic data derived from a subsurface model adjusted to our survey area with very shallow water from 10 to 50 m. As part of the planning before the survey, a parameter study of the expected subsurface, the examination of the airwave phenomenon and the justification for our 1D inversion strategy are shown. More detailed eigen parameter analyses are added to explain the measured data.
Maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiome having minor long‐term physiological implications
Authors: Belanche Alejandro , Yáñez‐Ruiz David R. , Detheridge Andrew P. , Griffith Gareth W. , Kingston‐Smith Alison H. , Newbold Charles J. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIncreasing productivity is a key target in ruminant science which requires better understanding of the rumen microbiota. This study investigated how maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiota using 24 sets of triplet lambs. Lambs within each sibling set were randomly assigned to natural rearing on the ewe (NN); ewe colostrum for 24 h followed by artificial milk feeding (NA); and colostrum alternative and artificial milk feeding (AA). Maternal colostrum feeding enhanced VFA production at weaning but not thereafter. At weaning, lambs reared on milk replacer had no rumen protozoa and lower microbial diversity, whereas natural rearing accelerated the rumen microbial development and facilitated the transition to solid diet. Differences in the rumen prokaryotic communities disappear later in life when all lambs were grouped on the same pasture up to 23 weeks of age. However, NN animals retained higher fungal diversity and abundances of Piromyces, Feramyces and Diplodiniinae protozoa as well as higher feed digestibility (+4%) and animal growth (+6.5%) during the grazing period. Nevertheless, no correlations were found between rumen microbiota and productive outcomes. These findings suggest that the early life nutritional intervention determine the initial rumen microbial community, but the persistence of these effects later in life is weak.
Female family carers’ experiences of violent, abusive or harmful behaviour by the older person for whom they care: a case of epistemic injustice?
Authors: Isham Louise , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Hewison Alistair 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFamily carers affected by violent, abusive or harmful behaviour by the older person for whom they care face social and epistemic challenges in developing and sharing knowledge about their experiences. These difficulties have contributed to a situation in which there is a paucity of evidence and public discourse about how we understand violence and harm instigated by people who have care needs or are ‘vulnerable’. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that involved 12 in‐depth interviews with female carers affected by violence, abuse or harm. The study was informed theoretically by Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice which was used as a framework for analysis. There were two principal findings: (1) Carers were sensitive to anticipatory stigma and loss of moral autonomy. As a result, they self‐censured what they shared and, at times, were met with subtle but powerful processes of silencing. (2) Carers had limited linguistic and conceptual resources to explain the emotional and social aspects of the harm they experienced, exacerbated by implicit social norms about the ‘private’ and gendered nature of familial care. To conclude, we discuss the implications of these findings for sociological research and health and social care practice.
Getting High and Low Prices: Marijuana Dispensaries and Home Values
Authors: Tyndall Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLaws concerning marijuana have undergone liberalization in many North American markets, enabling the establishment of marijuana dispensaries. Local externalities generated by dispensaries may impact home values, particularly by influencing demand for the surrounding neighborhood. Recent empirical evidence has found a positive effect of dispensaries on home values. I use unique data on 84 dispensaries and 62,000 repeat home transactions from Vancouver, Canada to estimate the effect of dispensaries on home prices. I find no evidence that dispensaries increase local home values in Vancouver and some evidence of a negative price effect for homes located within 100 m of a dispensary.
Discussion: “Meadow Restoration Increases Baseflow and Groundwater Storage in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California” by Luke J.H. Hunt, Julie Fair, and Maxwell Odland
Authors: Nash Caroline S. , Grant Gordon E. , Selker John S. , Wondzell Steven M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe discuss a recent paper which evaluated the hydrologic changes resulting from a pond‐and‐plug meadow restoration project in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. In the study, measurements of streamflow into and out of the meadow suggested late‐summer baseflow increased as much as five‐fold when compared with prerestoration conditions. However, the volume of streamflow attributed to the restored meadow (49,000–96,000 m3 over four months) would require that 2.5–4.8 m of saturated meadow soils drain during summer months. The groundwater data from this meadow record only 0.45 m of change over this timeframe, which is less than might be expected from plant use alone (0.75 m), suggesting this restored meadow may be acting as a water sink throughout summer rather than a source.
The Biomarkers for Preterm Birth Study—A prospective observational study comparing the impact of vaginal biomarkers on clinical practice when used in women with symptoms of preterm labor
Authors: Dawes Lisa K. , Prentice Lucy R. , Huang Ying , Groom Katie M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to compare the use of qualitative fetal fibronectin, quantitative fetal fibronectin, and placental α‐microglobulin‐1 in women with symptoms of preterm labor, to evaluate which vaginal biomarker performs the best in clinical practice.Material and methodsThis prospective observational study included women who presented with symptoms of preterm labor at 24+0 to 34+0 weeks of gestation at a large tertiary maternity hospital in Auckland, New Zealand. Women were managed according to hospital guidelines using qualitative fetal fibronectin. Quantitative fetal fibronectin and placental α‐microglobulin‐1 tests were also taken, with clinicians blinded to the results. Management and delivery outcomes were collected from clinical records. The primary outcome was the rate of antenatal hospital admission. Analysis was performed according to predefined management protocols for each of the tests.ResultsA total of 128 women had all three biomarkers tests taken. Spontaneous preterm birth rates were 7/128 (5.5%) ≤34+0 weeks and 20/128 (15.6%) <37+0 weeks of gestation; 5/128 (3.9%) delivered within 7 days of testing. Positive results were recorded in 28 qualitative fetal fibronectin tests, 25 quantitative fetal fibronectin tests with 11 ≥200 ng/mL, and 16 placental α‐microglobulin‐1 tests. The use of quantitative fetal fibronectin or placental α‐microglobulin‐1 would have lowered antenatal admission rates: 27/128 (21.1%) for qualitative fetal fibronectin, 11/128 (8.6%) for quantitative fetal fibronectin (admission threshold ≥200 ng/mL), and 15/128 (11.7%) for placental α‐microglobulin‐1. No additional women with quantitative fetal fibronectin <200 ng/mL delivered within 7 days or missed corticosteroids compared with standard care (qualitative fetal fibronectin); however, an additional 3 cases had a false‐negative placental α‐microglobulin‐1 and clinical care may have been compromised (no antenatal corticosteroids or admission).ConclusionsThe use of quantitative fetal fibronectin (admission threshold ≥200 ng/mL) has the potential to reduce the rate of antenatal admissions for women with symptoms of preterm labor without compromising use of antenatal interventions that improve outcomes for babies born preterm.
Twelve per cent of 6142 eyes treated for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) presented with low visual outcome within 2 years. Analysis from the Swedish Macula Registry (SMR)
Authors: Schroeder Marion , Westborg Inger , Lövestam Adrian Monica 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo analyse characteristics from the SMR to explore the risk factors for visual acuity (VA) below ≤ 35 letters of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) due to nAMD during a two‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis study evaluates 6142 treatment‐naïve eyes, with focus on a subgroup of 780 eyes with final VA outcome of ≤ 35 letters, regarding differences of baseline characteristics, change of VA, number of injections and choice of drug to predict visual outcome.ResultsPatients with final VA ≤ 35 letters were older; p < 0.0001, and received fewer injections, 6.2 ± 3.8 vs. 8.7 ± 5.4; p < 0.00001. Only 4% of all patients with ≥ 70 letters baseline VA decreased to a final VA of ≤ 35 letters. The two groups with a final VA of ≤ 35 letters and VA > 35 letters presented the following baseline lesion locations; p = 0.001; 61% vs. 57% subfoveal, 18% vs. 21% juxtafoveal and 4% vs. 6% extrafoveal. Lesion size, in the group with final VA ≤ 35 letters, was 2805 ± 2093 μm vs. 2440 ± 1637 μm in the group with a VA of > 35 letters; p = 0.005. A logistic regression analysis including baseline VA, best‐ or worse‐seeing eye, age, membrane size, membrane location, symptom duration showed VA; p = < 0.0001, best‐ or worse‐seeing eye; p = 0.026, age; p = < 0.0001, and membrane size; p = 0.002 to predict a decline of VA within 2 years.ConclusionsIn eyes treated for wet AMD and studied for 2 years, 12.7% of eyes declined to a final VA of ≤ 35 letters. Visual acuity, worse‐seeing eye treated, age and membrane size turned out as the baseline characteristics that had significantly influenced visual decline to ≤ 35 letters during the two‐year follow‐up.
Community structure of a Neotropical bat fauna as revealed by stable isotope analysis: Not all species fit neatly into predicted guilds
Authors: Oelbaum Phillip J. , Fenton M. Brock , Simmons Nancy B. , Broders Hugh G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeotropical bat communities are among the most diverse mammal communities in the world, and a better understanding of these assemblages may permit inferences about how so many species coexist. While broad trophic guilds (e.g., frugivore, insectivore) of bats are recognized, details of diet and similarities among species remain largely unknown. We used stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to characterize the community structure of a diverse Neotropical bat fauna from Belize to test predictions of niche theory and the competitive exclusion principle. We predicted that (1) interspecific variation in isotopic overlap would be greater within guilds than between guilds, and (2) no two sympatric populations would have isotopic niches that overlap completely, unless there is variation along some other axis (e.g., temporal, spatial). We additionally tested body size as an explanatory metric of potential overlap and predicted that larger‐bodied animals would have greater niche breadths. Results suggest that while guild‐level characterizations of communities are at least somewhat informative, there are multiple examples of intra‐ and inter‐guild species pairs with significantly overlapping isotopic niches, suggesting that, counter to predictions, they may compete for resources. Understanding the trophic structure of animal communities is fundamental to conservation and management of endangered species and ecosystems and important for evolutionary studies, and stable isotope analyses can provide key insights as well as informing hypotheses of the diet of species that are not well known.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Experimental atopic dermatitis is dependent on the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Q , Wang H , Wang X , Lu M , Tan X , Peng L , Tan F , Xiao T , Xiao S , Xia Y 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) acts through its receptor fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14), and participates in skin inflammation. Both TWEAK and Fn14 are highly expressed in skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to further explore the effect of Fn14 inhibition on experimental atopic dermatitis. Experimental atopic dermatitis was induced in the wild-type and Fn14 knock-out BALB/c mice. The effect of TWEAK/Fn14 interaction on keratinocytes was studied in an in-vitro model of atopic dermatitis. Fn14 deficiency ameliorates skin lesions in the mice model, accompanied by less infiltration of inflammatory cells and lower local levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TWEAK, TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-17. Fn14 deficiency also attenuates the up-regulation of TNFR1 in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. Moreover, topical TWEAK exacerbates skin lesion in the wild-type but not in the Fn14 knock-out mice. In vitro, TWEAK enhances the expressions of IL-17, IL-18 and IFN-γ in keratinocytes under atopic dermatitis-like inflammation. These results suggest that Fn14 deficiency protects mice from experimental atopic dermatitis, involving the attenuation of inflammatory responses and keratinocyte apoptosis. In the context of atopic dermatitis-like inflammation, TWEAK modulates keratinocytes via a TNFR1-mediated pathway.
Plasma levels of H- and L-ficolin are increased in axial spondyloarthritis: improvement of disease identification
Authors: Troldborg A , Thiel S , Mistegaard C E , Hansen A , Korsholm T-L , Stengaard-Pedersen K , Loft A G 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the axial skeleton. A predominance of innate versus adaptive immune responses have been reported in axSpA, indicating a prominent autoinflammatory component of the disease. Little is known about the lectin pathway proteins (LPPs) of the complement system in relation to axSpA. We have investigated LPPs in patients with axSpA and control individuals. Plasma samples were obtained from a cross-sectional cohort of 120 patients with a clinical diagnosis of axSpA and from 144 age- and gender-matched controls. The plasma concentrations of 11 LPPs were measured, using sandwich-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assays in patients and controls, and related to clinical diagnosis and disease activity. Three LPPs [H-ficolin (ficolin-3), L-ficolin (ficolin-2) and collectin liver 1 (CL-L1)] were significantly higher in axSpA patients than in controls (P &lt; 0·0001) and one LPP, collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1), was significantly lower (P &lt; 0·0001). Further, combining H- or L-ficolin concentrations above the 75th percentile of the respective H- or L-ficolin concentration measured in controls with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positivity yielded axSpA diagnostic specificities of 99/99% and positive likelihood ratios of 68/62, respectively. H-ficolin and L-ficolin plasma concentrations were found to be elevated in axSpA patients regardless of time since diagnosis. H-ficolin and L-ficolin may represent diagnostic biomarkers for patients with axSpA and should be further evaluated. Our results showed no association between disease activity and the measured LPP concentrations. This result might be due to the cross-sectional design, and should be further investigated.
Depressive symptoms, physical activity, and clinical events: The ADAPT prospective pilot study
Authors: Smith Patrick J. , Frankel Courtney W. , Bacon Daniel R. , Bush Erika , Mentz Robert J. , Snyder Laurie D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysical inactivity and depressive symptoms following cardiothoracic transplantation are recognized as potentially modifiable psychosocial factors to improve clinical outcomes. However, few studies have prospectively assessed these in ambulatory, outpatient transplant recipients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, single‐center study examining actigraphy‐assessed physical activity (PA) levels over a 1‐week period in heart or lung transplant recipients recruited at 6 months (range 4‐9) post‐transplant. Depressive symptoms (Centers for Epidemiologic Study of Depression [CESD]), quality of life (QoL), and clinical events (transplant‐related hospitalization and death) were collected. Clustered Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between PA, psychological measures, and clinical events.ResultsAmong 105 potentially eligible participants, 66 (63%) met inclusion criteria and were enrolled between July, 2016 and May, 2017, including 42 lung and 24 heart transplant recipients. The mean age of the population was 53 years, 41% were women and 18% were black. Participants tended to be sedentary, with the majority of activity spent within the “sedentary” level (61%) and an average daily step count of 7188 (SD = 2595). In addition, participants tended to exhibit subclinical depressive symptoms, (mean CESD = 9.4 [SD = 8]) with only a subset exhibiting levels suggestive of clinical depression (22%). Over a median follow‐up of 1.4 years (1.14, 1.62), 21 participants (32%) experienced at least one transplant‐related hospitalization, including two deaths. In adjusted survival models, greater intensity of PA (HR = 0.45 [0.24, 0.84] per 0.2 METs, P = .012) was associated with a lower risk of clinical events, whereas greater depressive symptoms (HR = 2.11 [1.58, 2.82] per 9 CESD points, P < .001) at 6 months were associated a higher likelihood of subsequent transplant‐related hospitalization and/or death.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity and depressive symptoms at 6 months post‐transplant were predictive of subsequent adverse clinical events among ambulatory cardiothoracic transplant recipients. Future studies should examine whether improving these potentially modifiable post‐transplant risk factors improves clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of paliperidone palmitate long‐acting injectable antipsychotic therapy as an early treatment option in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Brown Brianne , Turkoz Ibrahim , Mancevski Branislav , Mathews Maju 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis exploratory post hoc analysis of a randomized, double‐blind (DB), multicentre, non‐inferiority study (NCT01515423) evaluated the effects of the long‐acting injectable antipsychotic therapies once‐monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) and once‐every‐3‐months paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) on symptom severity and functional remission in patients with schizophrenia with differing durations of illness (≤5, 6‐10 and >10 years).MethodsEndpoints included Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores during the DB phase (DB baseline and DB endpoint) and the proportion of patients meeting PSP or PANSS remission criteria at any time during the open‐label (OL) or DB phases that were maintained for ≥3, ≥6, ≥9 or ≥12 months.ResultsIn both the OL and DB phases, significant improvements in PSP scale and PANSS scores were observed from baseline in all duration‐of‐illness groups, with significantly greater improvements observed in the ≤5‐year and 6‐10‐year groups compared with the >10‐year group. The proportion of patients who maintained PSP or PANSS remission criteria for ≥3, ≥6, ≥9 and ≥12 months was higher in the ≤5‐year and 6‐10‐year groups than in the >10‐year group. Safety profiles were similar across duration‐of‐illness groups in the DB phase.ConclusionsSymptomatic and functional improvements were observed with PP1M/PP3M in patients with differing durations of schizophrenia, but the magnitude of the effects was greater in those with early illness vs chronic illness. These findings advocate implementation of PP1M and PP3M in all stages of schizophrenia, including early illness.
The effect of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture amongst Korean dental hygienists
Authors: Jeong Yeo‐Jin , Choi Jun‐Seon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture in dental hygienists.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included a total of 100 female clinical dental hygienists. It evaluated musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back, head and shoulder posture (craniovertebral angle [CVA] and sagittal shoulder posture angle [SSPA]). Indirect vision skills were assessed using the O’Connor tweezer test under indirect vision with a mirror. To analyse factors associated with the CVA and SSPA, an independent t test, one‐way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted, respectively.ResultsThe body region in which the greatest number of symptoms of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders was recognised was the neck (89.0%). In the multiple linear regression model, which adjusted for other factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders, dental hygienists with poor indirect vision skills showed relatively small SSPA value (P < .05). However, indirect vision skills were not associated with the CVA value.ConclusionsGood indirect vision skills contribute to the prevention of rounded shoulders in dental hygienists. Therefore, where possible, dental hygienists should perform clinical procedures using indirect vision with a dental mirror to maintain a balanced posture and reduce flexion of the back or the neck. A dental hygiene curriculum should include training to improve clinical skills, as well as education regarding dental ergonomics and a monitoring system to determine whether ergonomic principles are well observed.