bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiel Embalming Pre-Frozen Cadavers: A Mouse Model
Authors: AlShehry Murad , Kandil Mostafa , Alzahrani Raed , Soames Roger 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThiel embalming has been gaining a great deal of worldwide attention. Its long-lasting life-like quality enables multiple applications in surgical training programs. The standard process of Thiel embalming, which involves perfusion of embalming fluid in fresh cadavers through cannulation of the arterial and venous systems could be difficult in some areas of the world where fresh body donation rates are low or banned. This study will assess the ability to Thiel embalm fresh frozen mice as an animal model as a solution for the lack of fresh cadavers. The ability of Thiel embalming frozen tissue would enable areas in the world where they do not have access to recently diseased donated cadavers. The study was ethically approved King Fahad Medical City Institutional Review Board. The 20 Mice cadavers were ethically gained from the university of Dundee animal house. They were euthanized ethically by carbon dioxide. They were handled by following the university’s ethical code. The mice were split into 4 groups with 5 mice for each group, where group 1 is fresh unfixed. Group 2 standard Theil embalmed. Group 3 defrosted one-week frozen mice then standard embalmed. group 4 perfused with Theil fluid, frozen, defrosted then set in the embalming tank. The embalming validation tests were made by visual gross and histological changes in the gastric, renal and muscular tissue. These tissues were chosen to test the penetration of the embalming solution. The results show similarity in all groups with difference of internal gross changes in the pre-frozen cadavers. Histological changes were similar in all embalmed groups meaning that the embalming method has been successful from a histological point of view.
Aβ-Positivity Predicts Cognitive Decline but Cognition Also Predicts Progression to Aβ-Positivity
Authors: Elman Jeremy A. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Franz Carol E. , Sanderson Mark E. , Lyons Michael J. , Kremen William S. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionBiomarker positivity predicts cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s dementia. But what predicts biomarker positivity? We hypothesized that cognitive function and p-tau would predict progression from normal to abnormal levels of β-amyloid (Aβ).MethodsBaseline cognition in 292 non-demented, Aβ-negative Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants was measured with two cognitive composites and compared between those that progressed to Aβ-positivity versus Aβ-stable. Follow-up analyses included continuous CSF Aβ and p-tau levels to examine subthreshold effects.ResultsContinuously measured baseline subthreshold Aβ and p-tau predicted progression to Aβ-positivity, but both baseline cognitive measures predicted progression to Aβ-positivity even after controlling for baseline biomarker levels.DiscussionCurrent Aβ thresholds may be ignoring relevant subthreshold pathology. Importantly, cognitive function can be an important early predictor of future risk, even earlier than the key biomarkers as currently measured. Moreover, A-/T+ individuals may still be on the AD pathway because p-tau also predicted progression to positivity.
How far is too far?
Authors: Nenycz-Thiel Magda , Romaniuk Jenni 
Published: January 2019

PurposeRetailers are increasingly adding banks, gas stations, mobile services and even real estate agencies to their portfolio and branding these new ventures with the retailer name, such as Tesco Bank or Asda Money. The purpose of this paper is to test the ability of a retailer brand to stretch from traditional packaged goods categories to very different categories such as banking.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from an online survey collected from 953 UK grocery buyers, this paper examines consumers’ behaviour towards UK retailer brands across four categories: soft drinks, chocolate, fuel and banking.FindingsThe results show that cross-category retailer brand purchasing is stronger between categories with similar buying behaviour (e.g. soft drinks and chocolate) than in categories with very different buying behaviour (e.g. soft drinks and banking). The behavioural spill over effects are stronger for retailer brands from the same chain and persist even for unrelated categories. However, apart from fuel, the strongest cross-purchasing occurs across competing retailer-branded offers within the same category.Research limitations/implicationsThe main implication of this study is that behavioural spill overs for retailer brands are possible even between unrelated categories. The finding about the effects being strongest within a given chain implies that umbrella branded strategy is a key to take advantage of the effects.Practical implicationsThese findings extend past literature about the cross-category buying of umbrella branded store brands to very different categories. This paper highlights the challenges retailers face regarding their ability to extend the retailer brand across categories. The findings also provide insights for cross-selling retailer brands in unrelated categories to current store brand buyers.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the use of retailer brands across a wide spectrum of categories from Soft Drinks to Fuel.
Reviewing the research on the internationalization of Chinese firms
Authors: Haasis Timon Immanuel , Liefner Ingo 
Published: January 2019

PurposeSupplementing a previous review article on the internationalization of Chinese firms (ICF) by Deng (2012) that covers the period 1991–2010, the purpose of this paper is to examine how research on this subject has thematically expanded in recent years, systematically investigating the literature concerning the ICF between 2011 and June 2017 and highlighting the research advancements. Furthermore, it provides impulses for future research and outlines potential avenues for the overall future development of the entire ICF field.Design/methodology/approachBased on a systematic literature review, this paper categorizes the surveys reviewed according to the organizational framework of the research on the ICF provided by Deng (2012).FindingsThe results indicate that the research on the ICF has become more widespread and mature during the time period investigated. First, there are more articles examining functional management processes of Chinese firms. Consequently, new knowledge exists regarding the role, control and organization of foreign subsidiaries of Chinese enterprises and their host country institutional integration. Second, the state of knowledge regarding the implications of the ICF has increased. It is argued that the future convergence or divergence of the Chinese economic system determines the overall future development of research on the ICF.Originality/valueThis is the first review paper in the emerging ICF field that consciously continues the work of a previous review article, enabling the tracing of the thematic expansion of research on the ICF.
Knowledge-based dynamic capabilities: a joint R&D project in the French semiconductor industry
Authors: Faccin Kadígia , Balestrin Alsones , Volkmer Martins Bibiana , Bitencourt Claudia Cristina 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify dynamic capabilities in joint R&D projects, that enable them to successfully achieve knowledge creation and discover how they behave throughout the life cycle of a collaborative project, although this understanding could enhance the interorganizational knowledge creation process.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted 65 semi-structured interviews and utilized secondary data from a joint R&D project. The authors analyzed all data using the Gioia method.FindingsThe authors confirm that specific dynamic capabilities are needed to create interorganizational knowledge and discovered 11 knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDCs) for successful innovation results in joint R&D projects. Gioia method allowed to discover that different KBDCs are necessary for the different phases of the project lifecycle. Additionally, the authors identify two microprocesses in which KBDCs are engaged in joint R&D projects, knowing that is a part of the sensing and seizing processes and synthetizing that is a part of the seizing process, and establish several KBDC microfoundations.Research limitations/implicationsWe used retrospective interviews. This kind of interviews are impacted by the experiences of the respondents lived after they have participated in the joint R&D project.Practical implicationsDynamic capabilities for collaborative knowledge creation and their specific microfoundations can help managers delineate their strategic practices and actions to achieve more sustainable, long-lasting results from joint R&D projects.Originality/valueThe authors improve Teece’s model and propose two microprocesses in which dynamic capabilities are engaged, that emerged in the context of a joint R&D project, knowing that is a part of the sensing and seizing processes and synthetizing that is a part of the seizing process, which supplement those already known: sensing, seizing and transforming. The authors tested the Gioia method, which is important for detecting dynamic capabilities; therefore, the authors propose a methodological advance that can contribute to future studies. The authors provide an interorganizational perspective on KBDC and a methodological view of the changes in KBDCs required for joint R&D projects.
What outcomes should researchers select, collect and report in pre‐eclampsia research? A qualitative study exploring the views of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Duffy JMN , Thompson T , Hinton L , Salinas M , McManus RJ , Ziebland S ,   the International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes in Pre‐eclampsia (iHOPE) Qualitative Research Group
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo identify outcomes relevant to women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingA national study conducted in the United Kingdom.SamplePurposive sample of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThematic analysis of qualitative interview transcripts.ResultsThirty women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia were interviewed. Thematic analysis identified 71 different treatment outcomes. Fifty‐nine of these had been previously reported by pre‐eclampsia trials. Outcomes related to maternal and neonatal morbidity, commonly reported by pre‐eclampsia trials, were frequently discussed by women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia. Twelve outcomes had not been previously reported by pre‐eclampsia trials. When compared with published research, it was evident that the outlook of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia was broader. They considered pre‐eclampsia in relation to the ‘whole’ person and attached special significance to outcomes relating to emotional wellbeing and the future health, development and wellbeing of their offspring.ConclusionsSelecting, collecting and reporting outcomes relevant to women with pre‐eclampsia should ensure that future pre‐eclampsia research has the necessary reach and relevance to inform clinical practice. Future core outcome set development studies should use qualitative research methods to ensure that the long list of potential core outcomes holds relevance to patients.Tweetable abstractWhat do women want? A national study identifies key treatment outcomes for women with pre‐eclampsia. Next step: @coreoutcomes for #preeclampsia @NIHR_DC.
The effect of assigning dedicated general practitioners to nursing homes
Authors: Weatherall Cecilie Dohlmann , Hansen Anne Toft , Nicholson Sean 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether assigning a dedicated general practitioner (GP) to a nursing home reduces hospitalizations and readmissions.Data Sources/Study SettingSecondary data on hospitalizations and deaths by month for the universe of nursing home residents in Denmark from January 2011 through February 2014.Study DesignIn 2012, Denmark initiated a program in seven nursing homes that volunteered to participate. We used a difference‐in‐differences model to estimate the effect of assigning a dedicated GP to a nursing home on the likelihood that a nursing home resident will be hospitalized, will experience a preventable hospitalization, and will be readmitted. The unit of observation is a resident‐month.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were extracted from the Danish public administrative register dataset.Principal FindingsWe found that assigning a GP to a nursing home was associated with a 0.55 [95 percent CI, 0.08 to 1.02] percentage point reduction in the monthly probability of a preventable hospitalization, which was a 26 percent reduction from the preintervention level of 2.13 percentage points. The associated reduction in the monthly probability of a readmission was 0.68 [95 percent CI, −0.01 to 1.37] percentage points, which was a 25 percent reduction from the baseline level of 2.68 percentage points. Survey results indicated that the likely mechanism for the effect was more efficient and consistent communication between GPs and nursing home personnel.ConclusionsAssigning a dedicated physician in a nursing home can reduce medical spending and improve patients' health.
Serum apolipoprotein B is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome among middle‐aged and elderly Chinese: A cross‐sectional and prospective cohort study
Authors: Du Rui , Wu Xueyan , Peng Kui , Lin Lin , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Chen Yuhong , Li Donghui , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerum apolipoprotein (apo) B has been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, findings on the association between apoB and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum apoB and MetS risk in Chinese population.MethodsA baseline survey was conducted in a population‐based cohort of 10 340 adults aged ≥40 years in Shanghai, China, in 2010. A follow‐up visit was conducted to assess incident diabetes in 2015.ResultsAt baseline, 2794 of 10 340 participants (27.02%) had MetS. Serum apoB was significantly associated with an increased risk of prevalent MetS. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quintiles 2‐5 compared with quintile 1 (reference) were 1.29 (1.02‐1.63), 1.47 (1.18‐1.84), 1.32 (1.06‐1.65), and 2.02 (1.61‐2.51), respectively (Ptrend < 0.05). During an average of 5.1 years follow‐up, 4627 individuals without MetS at baseline showed a significant association between apoB and the risk of incident MetS. Multivariable‐adjusted risk ratios (95% CIs) for subjects in apoB quintiles 2‐5 compared with the reference were 1.43 (1.13‐1.82), 1.57 (1.25‐1.98), 1.74 (1.38‐2.18), and 2.07 (1.66‐2.58), respectively (Ptrend < 0.05). Stratified analysis suggested that the above association was much stronger among normal weight individuals than in those who were overweight or obese.ConclusionThese cross‐sectional and prospective studies provide evidence that serum apoB is associated with existing MetS and is a possible predictor of the risk of MetS, especially among normal weight individuals.
Conservative treatment for leg oedema and the effect on nocturnal polyuria in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Viaene Annick , Roggeman Saskia , Goessaert An‐Sofie , Kessler Thomas M. , Mehnert Ulrich , Besien Vickie Van , De Muynck Martine , Everaert Karel 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the possible influence of non‐pharmacological interventions, such as compressive bandages and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), on leg oedema and nocturnal polyuria (NP), and the possible interrelation between both pathologies in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), as patients with SCI often have leg oedema and during the night the oedema decreases as a result of natural drainage mechanisms that can cause NP.Patients and MethodsPatients with SCI who followed their first rehabilitation after their SCI with bilateral leg oedema and/or with as much or a larger urine volume at night as during the day. The patients were all wheelchair users and followed the rehabilitation programme daily for 3 weeks.In all, 24 patients, aged between 21 and 63 years, were selected for participation in the 3‐week rehabilitation programme. During the first week, baseline data were collected. During the second week, IPC was executed from the moment the patient went to lie down. During the third week, the patients wore multilayer compressive bandages. Leg circumference was measured in the morning before sitting up and at the moment they went to lie down in bed. During each study week, a daily frequency–volume chart (24 h) was completed.ResultsThe leg volume of both legs was significantly different between the morning and evening (right leg F = 103.90, P < 0.001; left leg F = 100.77, P < 0.001) and between the three treatments (right F = 9.70, P < 0.001; left F = 9.66, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the compressive bandages and the baseline period (right and left leg, both P < 0.001) and between the compressive bandages and IPC (right leg P = 0.009 and left leg P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between IPC and the baseline.When no treatment or IPC was used, urine production was significantly higher during the bed‐rest period. The urine production was significantly lower comparing the use of compressive bandages to baseline and IPC, during bed rest (P = 0.009) and during sleep (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in absolute voided volume at night with the compressive bandages as treatment (P < 0.001).There was a significant positive association between the leg volume change during the day and the urine‐production ratio, 100 mL increase in leg volume was associated with 8% increase in the log‐transformed urine‐production ratio.ConclusionThere are alternative treatment options for patients with SCI who have oedema or NP. Oedema formation and urine production appear to be related to each other. Therefore, the use of compressive bandages was shown to be a valuable treatment option to improve both leg oedema and NP.
HOW ASSET IRREVERSIBILITY INFLUENCES THE INVESTMENT‐UNCERTAINTY RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Schauer (neé Klepsch) Catharina 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how uncertainty affects firms' investments for varying degrees of asset irreversibility (i.e., the wedge between purchase price and liquidation value of an asset). To identify more or less irreversible capital goods, we exploit unique survey data on German manufacturing firms over the sample period 2004 to 2012 in which managers provide information on investments' purpose (capacity expansion, replacement, restructuring, rationalization, and other). Our results indicate that only investments into the most irreversible capital goods (capacity expansion) will decrease if uncertainty rises. We also find support for other channels, such as the financial friction or the market power channel, to explain the investment‐uncertainty relationship.
Applying habitat and population‐density models to land‐cover time series to inform IUCN Red List assessments
Authors: Santini Luca , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Rondinini Carlo , Benítez‐López Ana , Hilbers Jelle P. , Schipper Aafke M. , Cengic Mirza , Tobias Joseph A. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List categories and criteria are the most widely used framework for assessing the relative extinction risk of species. The criteria are based on quantitative thresholds relating to the size, trends, and structure of species’ distributions and populations. However, data on these parameters are sparse and uncertain for many species and unavailable for others, potentially leading to their misclassification or classification as data deficient. We devised an approach that combines data on land‐cover change, species‐specific habitat preferences, population abundance, and dispersal distance to estimate key parameters (extent of occurrence, maximum area of occupancy, population size and trend, and degree of fragmentation) and hence predict IUCN Red List categories for species. We applied our approach to nonpelagic birds and terrestrial mammals globally (∼15,000 species). The predicted categories were fairly consistent with published IUCN Red List assessments, but more optimistic overall. We predicted 4.2% of species (467 birds and 143 mammals) to be more threatened than currently assessed and 20.2% of data deficient species (10 birds and 114 mammals) to be at risk of extinction. Incorporating the habitat fragmentation subcriterion reduced these predictions 1.5–2.3% and 6.4–14.9% (depending on the quantitative definition of fragmentation) for threatened and data deficient species, respectively, highlighting the need for improved guidance for IUCN Red List assessors on the application of this aspect of the IUCN Red List criteria. Our approach complements traditional methods of estimating parameters for IUCN Red List assessments. Furthermore, it readily provides an early‐warning system to identify species potentially warranting changes in their extinction‐risk category based on periodic updates of land‐cover information. Given our method relies on optimistic assumptions about species distribution and abundance, all species predicted to be more at risk than currently evaluated should be prioritized for reassessment.
Freedom immediately after Kant
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKant's effort to defend the co‐existence of transcendental freedom and natural necessity is one of the crowning achievements of the first Critique. Yet by identifying the will with practical reason in his moral philosophy, he lent support to the view that the moral law is the causal law of a free will—the result of which, as Reinhold argued, left immoral action impossible. However, Reinhold's attempt to separate the will from practical reason generated difficulties of its own, which Maimon was quick to point out. By identifying freedom with indifferent choice, Maimon argued, Reinhold had no resources to explain why a free will acts at all. My aim in this article is to show how Fichte's theory of freedom seeks to reconcile these two commitments: The key lies in what I call Fichte's Genetic Model, according to which indifferent choice is the original condition of the will, but a condition we must actively overcome.