bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Size, Shape, and Scattering of Sagittarius A* at 86 GHz: First VLBI with ALMA
Authors: Issaoun S. , Johnson M. D. , Blackburn L. , Brinkerink C. D. , Mościbrodzka M. , Chael A. , Goddi C. , Martí-Vidal I. , Wagner J. , Doeleman S. S. , Falcke H. , Krichbaum T. P. , Akiyama K. , Bach U. , Bouman K. L. , Bower G. C. , Broderick A. , Cho I. , Crew G. , Dexter J. , Fish V. , Gold R. , Gómez J. L. , Hada K. , Hernández-Gómez A. , Janßen M. , Kino M. , Kramer M. , Loinard L. , Lu R.-S. , Markoff S. , Marrone D. P. , Matthews L. D. , Moran J. M. , Müller C. , Roelofs F. , Ros E. , Rottmann H. , Sanchez S. , Tilanus R. P. J. , Vicente P. de , Wielgus M. , Zensus J. A. , Zhao G.-Y. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Galactic center supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is one of the most promising targets to study the dynamics of black hole accretion and outflow via direct imaging with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). At 3.5 mm (86 GHz), the emission from Sgr A* is resolvable with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). We present the first observations of Sgr A* with the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) joining the GMVA. Our observations achieve an angular resolution of ∼87 μas, improving upon previous experiments by a factor of two. We reconstruct a first image of the unscattered source structure of Sgr A* at 3.5 mm, mitigating the effects of interstellar scattering. The unscattered source has a major-axis size of 120 ± 34 μas (12 ± 3.4 Schwarzschild radii) and a symmetrical morphology (axial ratio of

), which is further supported by closure phases consistent with zero within 3σ. We show that multiple disk-dominated models of Sgr A* match our observational constraints, while the two jet-dominated models considered are constrained to small viewing angles. Our long-baseline detections to ALMA also provide new constraints on the scattering of Sgr A*, and we show that refractive scattering effects are likely to be weak for images of Sgr A* at 1.3 mm with the Event Horizon Telescope. Our results provide the most stringent constraints to date for the intrinsic morphology and refractive scattering of Sgr A*, demonstrating the exceptional contribution of ALMA to millimeter VLBI.
KELT-22Ab: A Massive, Short-Period Hot Jupiter Transiting a Near-solar Twin
Authors: Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Stassun Keivan G. , Ciardi David R. , Penev Kaloyan , Johnson Marshall C. , Gaudi B. Scott , Colón Knicole D. , Bieryla Allyson , Latham David W. , Pepper Joshua , Collins Karen A. , Evans Phil , Relles Howard , Siverd Robert J. , Bento Joao , Yao Xinyu , Stockdale Chris , Tan Thiam-Guan , Zhou George , Eastman Jason D. , Albrow Michael D. , Bayliss Daniel , Beatty Thomas G. , Berlind Perry , Bozza Valerio , Calkins Michael L. , Cohen David H. , Curtis Ivan A. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Feliz Dax , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gregorio Joao , James David , Jensen Eric L. N. , Johnson John A. , Johnson Samson A. , Joner Michael D. , Kasper David , Kielkopf John F. , Kuhn Rudolf B. , Lund Michael B. , Malpas Amber , Manner Mark , McCrady Nate , McLeod Kim K. , Oberst Thomas E. , Penny Matthew T. , Reed Phillip A. , Sliski David H. , Stephens Denise C. , Stevens Daniel J. , Villanueva Steven , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wright J. T. , Zambelli Roberto 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present the discovery of KELT-22Ab, a hot Jupiter from the KELT-South survey. KELT-22Ab transits the moderately bright (V ∼ 11.1) Sun-like G2V star TYC 7518-468-1. The planet has an orbital period of

days, a radius of

, and a relatively large mass of

. The star has

,

,

K,

(cgs), and [m/H] =

; thus other than its slightly super-solar metallicity, it appears to be a near-solar twin. Surprisingly, KELT-22A exhibits kinematics and a Galactic orbit that are somewhat atypical for thin-disk stars. Nevertheless, the star is rotating rapidly for its estimated age, and shows evidence of chromospheric activity. Imaging reveals a slightly fainter companion to KELT-22A that is likely bound, with a projected separation of 6″ (∼1400 au). In addition to the orbital motion caused by the transiting planet, we detect a possible linear trend in the radial velocity of KELT-22A, suggesting the presence of another relatively nearby body that is perhaps non-stellar. KELT-22Ab is highly irradiated (as a consequence of the small semimajor axis of

), and is mildly inflated. At such small separations, tidal forces become significant. The configuration of this system is optimal for measuring the rate of tidal dissipation within the host star. Our models predict that, due to tidal forces, the semimajor axis is decreasing rapidly, and KELT-22Ab is predicted to spiral into the star within the next Gyr.
A Search for Water Vapor Plumes on Europa using SOFIA
Authors: Sparks W. B. , Richter M. , deWitt C. , Montiel E. , Russo N. Dello , Grunsfeld J. M. , McGrath M. A. , Weaver H. , Hand K. P. , Bergeron E. , Reach W. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present mid-infrared Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)/Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) spectroscopy of Europa, seeking direct evidence of the presence of water vapor arising from plumes venting from the surface. We place quantitatively useful upper limits on the strength of water vibrational-rotational emission lines. Conversion to water mass limits is dependent on the rotational temperature of the vapor. For low rotational temperature, the limits lie below the inferred water mass from previous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) plume observations. For higher temperatures, the limits are comparable. We also present coordinated HST transit observations obtained close in time to the SOFIA observations. There is evidence for a feature close to the location of the previously seen feature north of the crater Pwyll in one of the HST images, although it was not observable by EXES given its location. We conclude that if a water plume had been active at the time of the SOFIA observation, with the strength implied by previous HST observations, then under the right Earth atmospheric and geometric conditions, the plume could have been detected by EXES; however, no infrared water vibrational-rotational emission was detected.
The Kinesin Light Chain–Related Protein PAT1 Promotes Superoxide Anion Production in Human Phagocytes
Authors: Arabi-Derkawi Riad , O’Dowd Yvonne , Cheng Ni , Rolas Loïc , Boussetta Tarek , Raad Houssam , Marzaioli Viviana , Pintard Coralie , Fasseu Magali , Kroviarski Yolande , Belambri Sahra A. , Dang Pham My-Chan , Ye Richard D. , Gougerot-Pocidalo Marie-Anne , El-Benna Jamel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Superoxide anion production by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in host defenses and inflammatory reaction. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase is composed of cytosolic components (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1/2) and the membrane flavocytochrome b558, which is composed of two proteins: p22phox and gp91phox/NOX2. p22phox plays a crucial role in the stabilization of gp91phox in phagocytes and is also a docking site for p47phox during activation. In the current study, we have used a yeast two-hybrid approach to identify unknown partners of p22phox. Using the cytosolic C-terminal region of p22phox as bait to screen a human spleen cDNA library, we identified the protein interacting with amyloid precursor protein tail 1 (PAT1) as a potential partner of p22phox. The interaction between p22phox and PAT1 was further confirmed by in vitro GST pulldown and overlay assays and in intact neutrophils and COSphox cells by coimmunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that PAT1 is expressed in human neutrophils and monocytes and colocalizes with p22phox, as shown by confocal microscopy. Overexpression of PAT1 in human monocytes and in COSphox cells increased superoxide anion production and depletion of PAT1 by specific small interfering RNA inhibited this process. These data clearly identify PAT1 as a novel regulator of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production, a key phagocyte function.
Upregulation of Chitinase 1 in Alveolar Macrophages of HIV-Infected Smokers
Authors: Logue Eric C. , Neff C. Preston , Mack Douglas G. , Martin Allison K. , Fiorillo Suzanne , Lavelle James , Vandivier R. William , Campbell Thomas B. , Palmer Brent E. , Fontenot Andrew P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that HIV infection is an independent risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that HIV infection and cigarette smoking synergize to alter the function of alveolar macrophages (AMs). To test this hypothesis, global transcriptome analysis was performed on purified AMs from 20 individuals split evenly between HIV-uninfected nonsmokers and smokers and untreated HIV-infected nonsmokers and smokers. Differential expression analysis identified 143 genes significantly altered by the combination of HIV infection and smoking. Of the differentially expressed genes, chitinase 1 (CHIT1) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1), both previously associated with COPD, were among the most upregulated genes (5- and 26-fold, respectively) in the untreated HIV-infected smoker cohort compared with HIV-uninfected nonsmokers. Expression of CHIT1 and CYP1B1 correlated with the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, oxidative stress, immune response, and cell death. Using time-of-flight mass cytometry to characterize AMs, a significantly decreased expression of CD163, an M2 marker, was seen in HIV-infected subjects, and CD163 inversely correlated with CYP1B1 expression in AMs. CHIT1 protein levels were significantly upregulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from HIV-infected smokers, and increased CHIT1 levels negatively correlated with lung function measurements. Overall, these findings raise the possibility that elevated CHIT1 and CYP1B1 are early indicators of COPD development in HIV-infected smokers that may serve as biomarkers for determining this risk.
Association of genetic polymorphism of interleukin-17A & interleukin-17F with susceptibility of psoriasis
Authors: Kaur Rajinder , Rawat Arun Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Aadil Wani , Akhtar Tahseena , Narang Tarun , Chopra Dimple 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. So far studies have confirmed that interleukins, pro-inflammatory factors and T-cell activation play major role in the development of disease. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a T helper inflammatory cytokine, was found to be positively correlated with severity of psoriasis. However, the specific mechanism has not been clarified. IL-17A and IL-17F are group members of IL17 family cytokines and found to be located adjacent to one another on the same human chromosome, 6p12. The present study was designed to identify the association between IL-17A and IL-17F gene polymorphism with susceptibility of psoriasis in north Indian population.

Methods:
A total of 166 psoriasis patients and 150 healthy controls were genotyped for IL-17A and IL-17F gene polymorphism by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction method. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analysed in IL-17A (rs10484879) and one SNP in IL-17F (rs763780) to look for an association with psoriasis.

Results:
Our study indicated decreased frequency of IL-17A (rs10484879) G allele (51.8 vs. 65.0%), and IL-17F (rs763780) C allele (36.5 vs. 45.7%) in psoriatic patients as compared to healthy controls.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present findings suggest that IL-17A (rs10484879) G/T and IL-17F (rs763780) C/T gene polymorphisms may contribute in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies need to be done to confirm these findings.
Increased trunk fat along with decreased peripheral fat as an important predictor of hypertriglyceridaemia & hypercholesterolaemia in Indians with HIV infection
Authors: Dutta Deep , Sharma Meha , Anand Atul , Garga Umesh Chandra , Bansal Rahul , Sharma Neera 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
Dyslipidaemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, which is increased in HIV. Data on dyslipidaemia in Indians with HIV are scant. This study was undertaken to determine the predictors of dyslipidaemia and lipoatrophy in Indians with HIV infection and their relation with body composition parameters.

Methods:
A total of 382 consecutive patients with HIV infection were screened, of whom 257 clinically stable patients, without any acute comorbidity, having at least one year follow up underwent biochemical and DEXA analysis.

Results:
The most common dyslipidaemia was hypertriglyceridaemia (47.08%), followed by hypercholesterolaemia [total cholesterol (TC)] (38.91%) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (38.52%), in patients having median age 37 (32-42) yr and HIV duration 57 (33-101) months. Patients with at least one dyslipidaemia (78.99%) had significantly higher insulin resistance (IR), per cent body fat, per cent trunk fat (PTF) and trunk limb fat ratio (TLFR). Baseline CD4 count and delta CD4 count (change in CD4 count 6-12 months following ART) had significant inverse correlation with triglycerides and TC. Patients with highest triglycerides and cholesterol quartiles had significantly higher immune reconstitution, metabolic syndrome, IR, trunk fat mass (FM), PTF and TLFR, with comparable total FM. Logistic regression revealed that body mass index, HIV duration and PTF were independent predictors of hypertriglyceridaemia, with only PTF being significant predictor of hypercholesterolaemia. Every unit increase in PTF was associated with 13 and 4.1 per cent increased hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Lipoatrophy was present in 8.57 per cent patients and was a poor predictor of dyslipidaemia.

Interpretation & conclusions:
High occurrence of dyslipidaemia was observed in patients with HIV on anti retroviral therapy. Central adiposity (TFM) was the most important predictor of dyslipidaemia in these patients.
Persistent febrile illnesses in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Kanika Deshpande , Chappuis François , Verdonck Kristien , Rijal Suman , Boelaert Marleen 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
Although febrile illnesses are a frequent cause of consultation and hospitalization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), research has mainly focused on acute febrile illnesses (AFIs). In contrast, there are limited data on the causes of persistent febrile illnesses (PFIs) in LMIC. Lack of clarity on the differential diagnosis of PFIs in the rural tropics leads to the absence of diagnostic guidance tools.

Methods:
In this study, a review of the potential causes of persistent fever defined as fever of more than seven days was done in Nepal, with a focus on nine pathogen-specific conditions. The current knowledge on their burden, distribution and diagnosis was summarized.

Results:
Limited data were found on the incidence and public health burden of leptospirosis, murine typhus and brucellosis due to the absence of diagnostic tools outside reference laboratories and the overlap of signs and symptoms with other febrile conditions. The incidence of malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was found to be decreasing in Nepal, with some changes of the geographical areas at risk.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This review indicates a need for more research on the causes of PFIs in Nepal and in the region and for the development of clinical guidance tailored to current local epidemiology. Guidance tools should include specific clinical features (e.g. eschar), results of rapid diagnostic tests (e.g. malaria, VL), appropriate indications for more sophisticated tests (e.g. abdominal ultrasound, polymerase chain reaction) and recommendations for adequate use of empirical treatment.
Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome & its association with DNA-strand break
Authors: Bhutia Rinchen Doma , Sherpa Mingma Lhamu , Singh T.A. , Khandelwal Bidita 
Published: January 2019

Background & objectives:
Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with numerous components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was aimed to investigate if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the reactive oxygen species was capable of depicting OS in MetS, and If MetS patients showed DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks (DSB).

Methods:
A total of 160 participants (90 males, 70 females) ≥20 yr of age were categorized into four groups based on the number of MetS risk parameters (n=40 in each group). Sugar and lipid profile, H2O2 concentration in blood and DNA-strand breaks were measured.

Results:
DSB was significantly more in those with MetS (n=40) than those without (n=120) whereas H2O2 levels were the same in both the study groups. The number of DSB differed significantly between the control and 3 risk factor groups. DSB was also higher in groups with 2 and 1 risk factors compared to 0 risk but the difference was not significant. H2O2 level was higher in groups with 3, 2 and 1 risk factors compared to 0 risk group but the difference was not significant. The H2O2 level correlated positively with triglyceride values but not with other MetS risk parameters. There was no significant correlation between DSB and MetS risk parameters.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed a cumulative and synergistic effect of the risk factors of MetS on DSB. Individuals with three risk parameters had a greater effect on DNA damage than in those with two or one risk parameter. Although plasma H2O2 level increased with an increase in the fat depots, use of H2O2 to depict OS in MetS should be coupled with an adjunct and estimation of DSB in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be used as indicator of OS in MetS patients.
Consumer Expenditures and Savings in High Income Households
Authors: Cook Finnie B. , Oryema John , Stephens Cynthia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A review of the existing academic literature as well as available government publications reveals a lack of information regarding expenditure behavior of high income households. In this paper, we combine multiple years of Consumer Expenditure Survey Public Use Microdata provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and compute average expenditures and standard errors. We apply the same methodology used by the BLS to estimate the average expenditures by household income and household size for households with income of $70,000 and higher. The resultant tables provide details on consumption and saving patterns for higher income groups that are unavailable in the tables published by the BLS. Our tables can be utilized by forensic economists in practice for the determination of consumption and savings values in wrongful death matters in high income households.
New insights into the Gondwana breakup at the Southern South America by apatite fission-track analyses
Authors: Gomes Cristiane H. , Almeida Delia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses, applied to Southern Brazil
and Uruguay samples, was employed aiming to understand the low temperature
history of the Dom Feliciano Belt Segment. The Dom Feliciano Belt formed
during the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic, linked to the
Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny. Twenty-four samples were dated, and confined
track lengths of twenty samples were measured. The spatial distribution of
ages shows three domains with different evolution cut by shear zones and, or
suture zones in the Dom Feliciano Belt. The Western Domain exhibits AFT ages
> 250 Ma (Permian to Devonian) while the Eastern Domain shows
AFT ages < 230 Ma (Paleogene to Triassic). In the Central Domain,
the AFT ages range from ∼196 to 130 Ma (Jurassic to Early Cretaceous).
The thermal modeling in the domains revealed a complex evolution, with
cooling and reheating phases, and a denudation of ∼2600 m. The AFT ages
clearly postdate the Gondwanide, Paraná-Etendeka and Rio Grande Cone
exhumation history of the Dom Feliciano Belt.
Description and evaluation of NorESM1-F: a fast version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM)
Authors: Guo Chuncheng , Bentsen Mats , Bethke Ingo , Ilicak Mehmet , Tjiputra Jerry , Toniazzo Thomas , Schwinger Jörg , Otterå Odd Helge 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A new computationally efficient version of the Norwegian Earth System Model
(NorESM) is presented. This new version (here termed NorESM1-F) runs about
2.5 times faster (e.g., 90 model years per day on current hardware) than the
version that contributed to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison project (CMIP5), i.e., NorESM1-M, and is therefore
particularly suitable for multimillennial paleoclimate and carbon cycle
simulations or large ensemble simulations. The speed-up is primarily a result
of using a prescribed atmosphere aerosol chemistry and a tripolar ocean–sea
ice horizontal grid configuration that allows an increase of the ocean–sea
ice component time steps. Ocean biogeochemistry can be activated for fully
coupled and semi-coupled carbon cycle applications. This paper describes the
model and evaluates its performance using observations and NorESM1-M as
benchmarks. The evaluation emphasizes model stability, important large-scale
features in the ocean and sea ice components, internal variability in the
coupled system, and climate sensitivity. Simulation results from NorESM1-F in
general agree well with observational estimates and show evident
improvements over NorESM1-M, for example, in the strength of the meridional
overturning circulation and sea ice simulation, both important metrics in
simulating past and future climates. Whereas NorESM1-M showed a slight global
cool bias in the upper oceans, NorESM1-F exhibits a global warm bias. In
general, however, NorESM1-F has more similarities than dissimilarities
compared to NorESM1-M, and some biases and deficiencies known in NorESM1-M
remain.
Clementie aanvragen of de afspraak voortzetten, wat te doen met het oog op schadeclaims?
Authors: Rosenboom Nicole , in ’t Veld Daan 
Published: January 2019

Clementie aanvragen of de afspraak voortzetten, wat te doen met het oog op schadeclaims?
Karteldeelnemers lopen zowel het risico op een publieke boete als op een schadeclaim van één of meer afnemers. Door middel van een succesvolle clementieaanvraag kan een boete geheel of gedeeltelijk worden vermeden. De vraag is of de dreiging van civiele schadeprocedures ten koste gaat van de aantrekkelijkheid om clementie aan te vragen. Dit artikel beschrijft de resultaten van een empirische analyse naar de verschillende factoren van publieke en private kartelhandhaving en hun effect op de kans dat een onderneming clementie aanvraagt. De analyse betreft een vignettenanalyse op basis van een enquête onder Nederlandse bedrijven en Nederlandse mededingingsjuristen.