bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Turn‐On Labeling Based on Bicyclononyne−Tetrazine Cycloaddition Reactions that Form Pyridazine Products
Authors: Siegl Sebastian J. , Galeta Juraj , Dzijak Rastislav , Dračínský Martin , Vrabel Milan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluorogenic bioorthogonal reactions enable visualization of biomolecules with excellent signal‐to‐noise ratio. A bicyclononyne−tetrazine ligation that produces fluorescent pyridazine products has been developed. In stark contrast to previous approaches, the formation of the dye is an inherent result of the chemical reaction and no additional fluorophores are needed in the reagents. The crucial structural elements that determine dye formation are electron‐donating groups present in the starting tetrazine unit. The newly formed pyridazine fluorophores show interesting photophysical properties the fluorescence intensity increase in the reaction can reach an excellent 900‐fold. Model imaging experiments demonstrate the application potential of this new fluorogenic bioorthogonal reaction.
Highly Cation Permselective Metal–Organic Framework Membranes with Leaf‐Like Morphology
Authors: Xu Tingting , Shehzad Muhammad A. , Yu Dongbo , Li Qiuhua , Wu Bin , Ren Xuemei , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHighly cation permselective metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes are desirable for the extraction of valuable metal cations. However, fabrication of defect‐free and stable permselective MOF membranes is technically challenging, owing to their arduous self‐assembly and poor water resistance, respectively. A simple and readily scalable method has been developed for the controlled in situ smart growth of UiO‐66‐NH2 into leaf‐like nanostructures with tunable density of the leaves and the surface layer thickness. The self‐assembly approach reproducibly fabricates seamless, ultrathin (<500 nm) UiO‐66‐NH2 membranes at the surface of anodic aluminum oxide. The membranes contain nanosized interstices among the MOF leaves, which enable maximum admission of ions within the membrane, and angstrom‐sized inherent pores in every single UiO‐66‐NH2 crystal, which efficiently regulate the cation permselectivity. Consequently, the highest ever reported cation separations (Na+/Mg2+>200 and Li+/Mg2+>60) and excellent membrane stability during five sequential electrodialysis cycles are achieved. These characteristics position the fabricated MOF membranes as potential candidates for efficient extraction of pure lithium and sodium ions from salt lakes and seawater, respectively.
What are the roles of retinoids, other morphogens, and Hox genes in setting up the vertebrate body axis?
Authors: Durston Antony J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis article is concerned with the roles of retinoids and other known anterior–posterior morphogens in setting up the embryonic vertebrate anterior–posterior axis. The discussion is restricted to the very earliest events in setting up the anterior–posterior axis (from blastula to tailbud stages in Xenopus embryos). In these earliest developmental stages, morphogen concentration gradients are not relevant for setting up this axis. It emerges that at these stages, the core patterning mechanism is timing: BMP‐anti BMP mediated time space translation that regulates Hox temporal and spatial collinearities and Hox‐Hox auto‐ and cross‐ regulation. The known anterior–posterior morphogens and signaling pathways––retinoids, FGF's, Cdx, Wnts, Gdf11 and others––interact with this core mechanism at and after space–time defined “decision points,” leading to the separation of distinct axial domains. There are also other roles for signaling pathways. Besides the Hox regulated hindbrain/trunk part of the axis, there is a rostral part (including the anterior part of the head and the extreme anterior domain [EAD]) that appears to be regulated by additional mechanisms. Key aspects of anterior–posterior axial patterning, including: the nature of different phases in early patterning and in the whole process; the specificities of Hox action and of intercellular signaling; and the mechanisms of Hox temporal and spatial collinearities, are discussed in relation to the facts and hypotheses proposed above.
Longitudinal outcomes of an individualized and intensive reading intervention for third grade students
Authors: Partanen Marita , Siegel Linda S. , Giaschi Deborah E. 
Published: April 2019

Early intervention is known to reduce reading disabilities; however, treatment response is variable, and some students have persistent deficits that require intensive supports. This study examined the immediate and 1‐year outcomes of an individualized and intensive reading program for third grade students, which was delivered throughout the school day for an average of 189 hr of instruction over 3 months. These students' performances were compared with two comparison groups, including poor readers who received small group supports and good readers who did not have additional reading instruction. The intensive group showed an improvement in word recognition and decoding fluency immediately after the program and 1 year later, and there was a decrease in significant reading impairments from 62% before intervention to 35% at follow‐up. Furthermore, baseline reading, spelling, phonological awareness, and rapid naming skills were predictive of persistent reading deficits at a later time point. Although improvements in reading skills were shown, a significant gap between poor and good readers persisted in the third and fourth grades. This study illustrates the importance of a tertiary intensive reading program, but also the need for continuing supports.
Opportunities to integrate herders’ indicators into formal rangeland monitoring: an example from Mongolia
Authors: Jamsranjav Chantsallkham , Fernández‐Giménez María E. , Reid Robin S. , Adya B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite increasing calls for knowledge integration around the world, traditional knowledge is rarely used in formal, Western‐science‐based monitoring and resource management. To better understand indicators herders use and their relationship to researcher‐measured indicators, we conducted in‐depth field interviews with 26 herders in three ecological zones of Mongolia. We asked each herder to (1) assess the overall condition of three different sites located along a livestock‐use gradient from their winter camp using a numeric scale, (2) describe the indicators they used in their assessment, and (3) explain what caused their pastures to remain healthy or become degraded. At each site, we collected field data on vegetation variables and compared these with herders’ ratings and indicators using linear regression. We used classification and ordination to understand how herders’ assessment scores related to plant community composition, and determine how well multivariate analysis of factors determining plant community composition aligned with herders’ observations of factors causing rangeland change. Across all ecological zones, herders use indicators similar to those used in formal monitoring. Herders’ assessment scores correlated significantly and positively with measured total foliar cover in all three ecological zones, and with additional measured variables in the steppe and desert steppe. Ordination revealed that herder assessment scores were correlated with the primary ordination axis in each zone, and the main factors driving plant community composition in each zone were the same as those identified by herders as the primary causes of rangeland change in that zone. These results show promise for developing integrated indicators and monitoring protocols and highlight the importance of developing a common language of monitoring terminology shared by herders, government monitoring agencies, and researchers. We propose a new model for integrating herder knowledge and participation into formal monitoring in Mongolia, with implications for rangelands and pastoral people globally. We suggest practical ways of involving herders in formal monitoring that have potential broad application for promoting local and indigenous people's participation in implementing international agreements such as the UN Convention to Combat Desertification and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, both of which call for involvement of local people and indigenous/traditional knowledges.
Phylogeography and species limits in the red‐shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus): Characterization of the Northern Florida Suture Zone in birds
Authors: Barrowclough George F. , Groth Jeff G. , Mauck William M. , Blair Mary E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe North American red‐shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus, is comprised of two widely allopatric eastern and western populations with an additional well‐marked subspecies in the Florida peninsula. The two eastern populations meet in northern Florida, the location of a well‐known suture zone in many nonavian organisms. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial ND2 gene and two nuclear introns to investigate its genetic population structure and species status. No mitochondrial haplotypes were shared between the eastern and western populations, and genetic variance among 14 populations was 0.42; almost all of this (0.40) was distributed among the three regions. A clade of haplotypes very common in the Florida peninsula decreased in frequency elsewhere and, when modeled as a hybrid zone, had an estimated width of 1,158 km with a center near Ocala, FL. Ecological niche modeling suggests the western, eastern, and Florida peninsula populations were geographically isolated during the last glacial maximum. We consider these to represent three phylogenetic species. A coalescent analysis incorporating incomplete lineage sorting and gene tree uncertainty also suggested the divergence between the western and eastern populations is consistent with species‐level divergence. With the addition of this hawk, four avian species are now known to hybridize along the Gulf Coast of the United States in or near the Northern Florida Suture Zone. The widths of these avian zones vary substantially (176–1,158 km) and appear to reflect magnitude of gene flow, rather than extent of genetic differentiation. None of these birds was suggested as possible exemplars in the original description of the suture zone. Of the six species that were so identified, three have been surveyed to date, but none of those was found to be genetically differentiated.
Identity statuses in prebariatric patients with obesity: Associations with eating disorder symptoms, psychological complaints, and coping behaviour?
Authors: Claes Laurence , Boekaerts Els , Verschueren Margaux , Boukaert Wim , Luyckx Koen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn the present study, we focused on the associations between identity processes/statuses and eating and general psychopathology and coping in prebariatric patients suffering from morbid obesity.MethodOur sample consisted of 369 prebariatric patients (68.8% female) who filled out self‐report questionnaires to assess identity processes, eating and general psychopathology, and coping.ResultsConcerning identity processes, ruminative exploration was positively related to eating‐related and general psychopathology and maladaptive coping, whereas commitment processes were protective against psychopathology and maladaptive coping. Based on cluster analyses, we identified five identity statuses, being achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion, and an undifferentiated status, showing some heterogeneity within the prebariatric patient group. Patients in the diffused and moratorium statuses reported more eating and general psychopathology and more maladaptive coping compared with prebariatric patients of the other statuses.ConclusionsGiven the clinical vulnerability to psychopathology of patients in the moratorium and diffused statuses, it would be advisable to increase the psychological help in their prebariatric and postbariatric trajectories.
Aberrant brain structural–functional connectivity coupling in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Zhang Ruibin , Shao Robin , Xu Guiyun , Lu Weicong , Zheng Wenjing , Miao Qingzhe , Chen Kun , Gao Yanling , Bi Yanan , Guan Lijie , McIntyre Roger S. , Deng Yue , Huang Xuejun , So Kwok‐Fai , Lin Kangguang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAberrant structural (diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imagining connectivity are core features of bipolar disorder. However, few studies have explored the integrity agreement between structural and functional connectivity (SC–FC) in bipolar disorder. We examine SC connectivity coupling index whether could potentially provide additional clinical predictive value for bipolar disorder spectrum disorders besides the intramodality network measures. By examining the structural (DTI) and resting‐state functional network properties, as well as their coupling index, among 57 euthymic bipolar disorder patients (age 13–28 years, 18 females) and 42 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (age 13–28 years, 16 females), we found that compared to controls, bipolar disorder patients showed increased structural rich‐club connectivity as well as decreased functional modularity. Importantly, the coupling strength between structural and functional connectome was decreased in patients compared to controls, which emerged as the most powerful feature discriminating the two groups. Our findings suggest that structural–functional coupling strength could serve as a valuable biological trait‐like feature for bipolar disorder over and above the intramodality network measures. Such measure can have important clinical implications for early identification of bipolar disorder individuals, and inform strategies for prevention of bipolar disorder onset and relapse.
Effects of curcumin on ion channels and pumps: A review
Authors: Tabeshpour Jamshid , Banaeeyeh Sara , Eisvand Farhad , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Hashemzaei Mahmoud , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCurcumin, an orange‐yellow lipophilic polyphenolic molecule, is the active component of Curcuma longa, which is extensively used as a spice in most of the Asian countries. This natural compound is able to interact with a large number of molecular structures like proteins, enzymes, lipids, DNA, RNA, transporter molecules, and ion channels. It has been reported to possess several biological effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiangiogenic, antimutagenic, and antiplatelet aggregation properties. These beneficial effects of curcumin are because of its extraordinary chemical interactions such as extensive hydrogen and covalent bonding, metal chelation, and so on. Therefore, the aim of this review was to outline the evidence in which curcumin could affect different types of ion channels and ion channel‐related diseases, and also to elucidate basic molecular mechanisms behind it. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
Cytokine fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) polymorphisms are associated with risk of myopia in young children
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Yinan , Li Jing , Zhang Xiaoming , Feng Qingyang , Zhang Zhenyu , Kang Jianfang , Huang Xuelin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMyopia has become a major public health issue worldwide. Identification of genetic loci related to myopia in young children may advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis of myopia. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays essential roles for the development of myopia through modulating extracellular matrix‐associated genes. Studies revealed that genetic variants of FGF10 were associated with extreme myopia in adults. However, their associations with susceptibility of myopia in young children, which are less affected by confounding factors and more suitable for studying genetic factors of myopia, have not been explored. In the current study, we evaluated 13 tagSNPs that captured 100% of genetic variation in the FGF10 gene region for their associations with myopia in a large Chinese case‐control study with 900 myopia children and 900 nonmyopia children. We found rs2973644 was significantly associated with increased risk of myopia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.26; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.06‐1.49; P = 0.009). furthermore, rs339501 (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.18‐2.53; P = 0.005), rs2973644 (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.13‐2.19; P = 0.007), and rs79002828 (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.20‐2.77; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with increased risk of high myopia in young children. Functional assessment of rs2973644 by luciferase assays revealed the risk G allele causes a higher expression level of FGF10 than the protective A allele. Our results do support that genetic variants of cytokine FGF10 are associated with susceptibility of myopia (as well as high myopia) in young children and further exploration are needed for myopia in children.
Pharmacogenetic Analysis of OATP1B1, UGT1A1, and BCRP Variants in Relation to the Pharmacokinetics of Letermovir in Previously Conducted Clinical Studies
Authors: Kobie Julie , Guo Zifang , Cho Carolyn R. , Menzel Karsten , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Blanchard Rebecca , Shaw Peter M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral terminase inhibitor letermovir is indicated for prevention of CMV infection in CMV‐seropositive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In this analysis, functional variants in solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1), uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were assessed for effects on letermovir pharmacokinetics (PK) using pooled genetic information from 296 participants in 12 phase 1 studies. Letermovir area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) was increased in carriers of the SLCO1B1 variant rs4149056 C allele relative to noncarriers with a geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.30) for carriers of 1 copy and 1.42 (1.10–1.84) for carriers of 2 copies of the risk allele C compared with noncarriers. The SLCO1B1 variant rs4149032 T allele was associated with a decrease in letermovir AUC with GMR (95%CI) of 0.93 (0.85–1.02) and 0.82 (0.73–0.92) for carriers of 1 and 2 copies of the risk allele T, respectively, compared with noncarriers. The UGT1A1*6 variant rs4148323 A allele was present predominantly in Asian participants and was associated with an increase in letermovir AUC compared with noncarriers (GMR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1. 1.07–1.74). SLCO1B1 variant rs2306283, UGT1A1*28 TA promoter repeat, and BCRP variant rs2231142 had no effect on letermovir PK. Together, these data suggest that variants of enzymes and transporters that are involved in the disposition of letermovir in vitro may account for some variability in letermovir PK, but do not affect exposure to a clinically relevant extent.
Role of inoculum and feeding strategy in the preference of nitrogen removal pathway in case of the fluctuations in nitrogen loading rate
Authors: Cobansoy Selin , Kolukırık Mustafa , Ciggin Asli S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe investigation of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) pathways has improved our insight into nitrogen removal from wastewater. The detection of dominant pathways is beneficial for gaining knowledge on the fate of nitrogen during wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the nitrogen removal pathways in case of fluctuation in nitrogen loading rate (NLR). For this purpose, the effect of fluctuation in NLR under different feeding strategies (short‐term and long‐term feeding) on the relative abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen removal pathways were investigated. With the analysis of genes encoding enzymes instead of the 16S rRNA genes, it was aimed to focus on processes rather than the microbial species.RESULTSThe inoculum consisted of aerobic and anaerobic sludge was determined as optimum inoculum for nitrogen removal via anammox when the long‐term feeding was applied. The fluctuation in NLR resulted with dominance of different pathways in reactors operated with different feeding strategies. The statistical analyses indicated the importance of DNRA in achieving low nitrogen concentrations. Also, a positive significant correlation between nitrogen removal efficiency with aerobic ammonium oxidation revealed the importance of aerobic ammonium oxidation in nitrogen removal even under anoxic conditions.CONCLUSIONThe main conclusions of this study may be summarized as (i) feeding strategy determines dominant nitrogen removal process, (ii) selecting appropriate inoculum is important to shorten the acclimation period, (iii) functional genes are useful as early warning system for track changes in process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic polymorphisms in IL1R1 and IL1R2 are associated with susceptibility to thyroid cancer in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Xiong Zichao , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Niu Fanglin , Jin Tianbo , Li Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThyroid carcinoma accounts for a large part of endocrine neoplasia and the relationship between inflammation and thyroid cancer has been validated previously. Two known receptors of interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐1 receptor 1 (IL1R1) and IL‐1 receptor 2 (IL1R2), are implicated in numerous inflammatory responses. The present study aimed to assess the genetic polymorphisms of IL1R1 and IL1R2 with respect to thyroid cancer in the Chinese Han population.MethodsEleven single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL1R1 and IL1R2 were identified among 241 thyroid cancer patients and 463 controls using the Agena MassARRY method (http://www.internationalgenome.org). Genetic models and haplotype analysis were carried out to evaluate the significant links between the variants and the risk of thyroid cancer.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed significant associations of rs3917225, rs2072472 and rs11674595 with susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Haplotype analysis presented two blocks of IL1R2, whereas no statistical significance existed.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that rs3917225, rs2072472 and rs11674595 are risk factors associated with the development of thyroid carcinoma in Chinese Han people.
Embryonic development of the bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus (Tetraodontidae): A morphofunctional approach to ontogenetic steps
Authors: Martínez‐Brown Juan M. , Cetzal‐Aké Carlos A. , Ibarra‐Castro Leonardo , Sánchez‐Cárdenas Rebeca , Maldonado‐Amparo María A. , Rojo‐Cebreros Angel H. , Sánchez‐Téllez Juan L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe embryonic development of the bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus, was characterized on the basis of the theory of saltatory ontogeny. This theory predicts a correlative relationship between the ontogeny‐type in an altricial‐precocial spectrum and the habitat that a species occupies within an unstable‐stable environmental spectrum. Because S. annulatus inhabits a variety of unstable environments along a wide latitudinal range, the hypothesis that this species presents one of the most altricial embryonic developments among tetraodontids was tested. Based on major developmental events that marked the ontogenetic thresholds nine embryonic steps were identified. Developmental features such as small adhesives eggs, lack of vitelline circulation, small free embryos swimming up at hatching guided by positive phototaxis, and small first‐feeding larvae actively swam in the water column, suggest that S. annulatus belongs to the reproductive guild of the nonguarders‐lithopelagophils. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the developmental sequences, egg size, and first‐feeding larvae size between tetraodontids confirms the hypothesis of this study and supports the evolutionary principle of the altricial‐precocial spectrum postulated in the theory of saltatory ontogeny.