bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigational approach to adenoviral conjunctivitis: comparison of three diagnostic tests using a Bayesian latent class model
Authors: Sundaramurthy Raja , Dhodapkar Rahul , Kaliaperumal Subashini , Harish Belgode Narasimha 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Highly contagious adenoviral conjunctivitis represents 15-70% of all conjunctivitis worldwide. Human adenovirus (hAdV) serotypes 3,4,7,8,19 and 37 contributes to 89% of all adenoviral conjunctivitis. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of adenoviral infections at serotype level could prevent misdiagnosis, spread of disease, unnecessary antibiotic use and increased treatment costs.
Methodology: Sixty-two suspected viral conjunctivitis cases were recruited from November2013-January2015. Swabs collected from inferior palpebral conjunctiva and processed for viral culture (Hep2 cell line), immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (targeting hexon gene). Serotype 3,4,7,8,19 and 37 identification was carried out with an optimized multiplex-PCR (based on hypervariable region of hexon gene) and confirmed by sequence analysis. Bayesian Latent Class Model (LCM) analysis was used to compare sensitivity and specificity of three tests.
Results: Adenovirus was detected in 54.8% (34/62) of cases by combination of all three methods. Culture was positive in 23/34 cases (67.6%). PCR and IFA detected adenovirus in 24 (70.5%) and 21 (61.7%) cases respectively. LCM analysis revealed, sensitivity and specificity of PCR, Culture and IFA was 77.8% and 92.4%; 72.2% and 90.8%; 67.6% and 92.9% respectively. Serotyping by multiplex-PCR showed, two cases each were hAdV3 and hAdV4, 18 hAdV8 and two remained unidentified. Results of Multiplex-PCR and sequence analysis showed 100% concordance
Conclusion: LCM analysis revealed, PCR is the most appropriate method for identification. Multiplex-PCR is a simple and rapid method (serotypes identification within two days); owing its short turnaround time and accuracy, it can be used as a diagnostic tool for surveillance of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
In vitro activity of hybrid lavender essential oils against multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Donadu Matthew , Usai Donatella , Pinna Antonio , Porcu Tiziana , Mazzarello Vittorio , Fiamma Maura , Marchetti Mauro , Cannas Sara , Delogu Giovanni , Zanetti Stefania , Molicotti Paola 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Lavender is an evergreen shrub native to Northern Africa and other mountainous Mediterranean regions. It grows throughout Southern Europe, the United States, and Australia. Lavender essential oil has been used since ancient times and is known for its anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antiseptic, antifungal and antimicrobial properties.
Methodology: in this study, the antimicrobial activity of two Lavender essential oils (Lavanda sumian and Lavanda grosso) against 16 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from clinical ocular samples taken from migrant patients has been investigated. The in vitro cytotoxic activity on human Wong-Kilbourne derivative (WKD) conjunctiva cells from healthy patients and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity on murine macrophage (J774.1A) were also evaluated.
Results: L. sumian showed lower antimicrobial activity when compared to L. grosso. Both lavender oils tested had no cytotoxic effect at very low concentrations, mostly L. grosso. The essential oils extracted from L. sumian and L. grosso significantly reduced NOS in a cell model.
Conclusion: Increase in drug resistance and lack of new antibiotics may encourage the development of natural antimicrobial treatments.
Effect of relative humidity on the composition of secondary organic aerosol from the oxidation of toluene
Authors: Hinks Mallory L. , Montoya-Aguilera Julia , Ellison Lucas , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Shiraiwa Manabu , Dabdub Donald , Nizkorodov Sergey A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the chemical composition of secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) formed from low-NOx toluene oxidation in the
absence of seed particles was investigated. SOA samples were prepared in an
aerosol smog chamber at < 2 % RH and 75 % RH, collected on Teflon
filters, and analyzed with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization
high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI–HRMS). Measurements revealed a
significant reduction in the fraction of oligomers present in the SOA
generated at 75 % RH compared to SOA generated under dry conditions. In a
separate set of experiments, the particle mass concentrations were measured
with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) at RHs ranging from < 2 to
90 %. It was found that the particle mass loading decreased by
nearly an order of magnitude when RH increased from < 2 to
75–90 % for low-NOx toluene SOA. The volatility distributions of the
SOA compounds, estimated from the distribution of molecular formulas using
the “molecular corridor” approach, confirmed that low-NOx toluene SOA
became more volatile on average under high-RH conditions. In contrast, the
effect of RH on SOA mass loading was found to be much smaller for
high-NOx toluene SOA. The observed increase in the oligomer fraction and
particle mass loading under dry conditions were attributed to the enhancement of
condensation reactions, which produce water and oligomers from smaller
compounds in low-NOx toluene SOA. The reduction in the fraction of
oligomeric compounds under humid conditions is predicted to partly counteract
the previously observed enhancement in the toluene SOA yield driven by the
aerosol liquid water chemistry in deliquesced inorganic seed particles.
Volatility measurement of atmospheric submicron aerosols in an urban atmosphere in southern China
Authors: Cao Li-Ming , Huang Xiao-Feng , Li Yuan-Yuan , Hu Min , He Ling-Yan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Aerosol pollution has been a very serious environmental problem in
China for many years. The volatility of aerosols can affect the
distribution of compounds in the gas and aerosol phases, the
atmospheric fates of the corresponding components, and the
measurement of the concentration of aerosols. Compared to the
characterization of chemical composition, few studies have focused
on the volatility of aerosols in China. In this study,
a thermodenuder aerosol mass spectrometer (TD-AMS) system was
deployed to study the volatility of non-refractory submicron
particulate matter (PM1) species during winter in
Shenzhen. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report of the
volatilities of aerosol chemical components based on a TD-AMS system
in China. The average PM1 mass concentration during the
experiment was 42.7±20.1 µg m−3, with organic
aerosol (OA) being the most abundant component (43.2 % of the
total mass). The volatility of chemical species measured by the AMS
varied, with nitrate showing the highest volatility, with a mass
fraction remaining (MFR) of 0.57 at 50 ∘C. Organics showed
semi-volatile characteristics (the MFR was 0.88 at 50 ∘C),
and the volatility had a relatively linear correlation with the TD
temperature (from the ambient temperature to 200 ∘C), with
an evaporation rate of 0.45 %∘C-1. Five
subtypes of OA were resolved from total OA using positive matrix
factorization (PMF) for data obtained under both ambient temperature
and high temperatures through the TD, including a hydrocarbon-like
OA (HOA, accounting for 13.5 %), a cooking OA (COA,
20.6 %), a biomass-burning OA (BBOA, 8.9 %), and two
oxygenated OAs (OOAs): a less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA, 39.1 %) and
a more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA, 17.9 %). Different OA factors
presented different volatilities, and the volatility sequence of the
OA factors at 50 ∘C was HOA (MFR of 0.56) > LO-OOA
(0.70) > COA (0.85) ≈ BBOA (0.87) > MO-OOA (0.99),
which was not completely consistent with the sequence of their
O ∕ C ratios. The high volatility of HOA implied that
it had a high potential to be oxidized to secondary species in the
gas phase. The aerosol volatility measurement results in this study
provide useful parameters for the modeling work of aerosol
evolution in China and are also helpful in understanding the
formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols.
Response to Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu's Paper: Porous Boundaries and Power Politics
Authors: Farrands Rob 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis review starts by addressing the style of this particular account and makes a plea for objective third-person theorising to be supplemented by rich textured descriptions of what the consultants are actually doing. This describing should also aim to bring into the story the presence of the consultants with their personal needs, biases, and experiences so that subjectivity can be critically embraced. Drawing on examples from ethnography, as well as other Gestalt authors, Rob argues that such an approach may be particularly appropriate to providing an account of interventions in large, complex systems where understanding can only be very partial. Such an approach may be further enriched by adopting other ways of understanding something about these systems such as drama or video.Rob goes on to suggest that the “porous boundaries” that form the key idea in Raymond Saner and Lichia Yiu's paper may be addressed by approaches that aim to build affiliation within task groups. He concludes by offering the notion of “dusting off Max Weber” and his idealised bureaucrat as a figure who might provide a useful model for the organization development (OD) consultant in a globally politicised environment and expresses a preference for this over Raymond and Lichia's idea of the OD consultant as a politician.
Presence and Absence Redux: Indian Art in the 1990s
Authors: Rice Ryan 
Published: February 2018

Les années 1990 sont une décennie cruciale pour l’avancement et le positionnement de l’art et de l’autonomie autochtones dans les récits dominants des états ayant subi la colonisation. Cet article reprend l’exposé des faits de cette période avec des détails fort nécessaires. Pensé comme une historiographie, il propose d’explorer chronologiquement comment les conservateurs et les artistes autochtones, et leurs alliés, ont répondu et réagi à des moments clés des mesures coloniales et les interventions qu’elles ont suscitées du point de vue politique, artistique, muséologique et du commissariat d’expositions. À la lumière du 150e anniversaire de la Confédération canadienne, et quinze ans après la présentation de la communication originale au colloque, Mondialisation et postcolonialisme : Définitions de la culture visuelle V, du Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, il reste urgent de faire une analyse critique des préoccupations contemporaines plus vastes, relatives à la mise en contexte et à la réconciliation de l’histoire de l’art autochtone sous-représentée.
Peut-on favoriser l’inclusion sociale des jeunes par l’utilisation des médias sociaux?
Authors: Normand Claude L. , Rodier Stéphane , Lussier-Desrochers Dany , Giguère Laura 
Published: February 2018

Les jeunes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) vivent souvent de l’exclusion sociale. Ils semblent avoir un réseau d’amis très restreint, surtout à la fin de leur scolarisation. Or, l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), et notamment celle des médias sociaux, favorise la participation sociale et le développement de liens familiaux ou amicaux. Les jeunes qui présentent une DI profitent-ils de cette technologie? Les TIC permettent-elles à ces jeunes de bénéficier d’un meilleur réseau de soutien personnel et social? Cette recension des écrits tente de répondre à cette question, et révèle que : 1) les TIC ne sont pas accessibles pour tous; et 2) l’utilisation des médias sociaux augmente les risques d’abus et de cybervictimisation.
Phase Field Model of Hydraulic Fracturing in Poroelastic Media: Fracture Propagation, Arrest, and Branching Under Fluid Injection and Extraction
Authors: Santillán David , Juanes Ruben , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe simulation of fluid‐driven fracture propagation in a porous medium is a major computational challenge, with applications in geosciences and engineering. The two main families of modeling approaches are those models that represent fractures as explicit discontinuities and solve the moving boundary problem and those that represent fractures as thin damaged zones, solving a continuum problem throughout. The latter family includes the so‐called phase field models. Continuum approaches to fracture face validation and verification challenges, in particular grid convergence, well posedness, and physical relevance in practical scenarios. Here we propose a new quasi‐static phase field formulation. The approach fully couples fluid flow in the fracture with deformation and flow in the porous medium, discretizes flow in the fracture on a lower‐dimension manifold, and employs the fluid flux between the fracture and the porous solid as coupling variable. We present a numerical assessment of the model by studying the propagation of a fracture in the quarter five‐spot configuration. We study the interplay between injection flow rate and rock properties and elucidate fracture propagation patterns under the leak‐off toughness dominated regime as a function of injection rate, initial fracture length, and poromechanical properties. For the considered injection scenario, we show that the final fracture length depends on the injection rate, and three distinct patterns are observed. We also rationalize the system response using dimensional analysis to collapse the model results. Finally, we propose some simplifications that alleviate the computational cost of the simulations without significant loss of accuracy.
Change in Intensity and Frequency of Extreme Precipitation and its Possible Teleconnection With Large‐Scale Climate Index Over the China From 1960 to 2015
Authors: Deng Yue , Jiang Weiguo , He Bin , Chen Zheng , Jia Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the change in intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation plays an important role in flood risk mitigation and water resource management in China. In this study, we analyzed the abrupt changes and long‐term trends in extreme precipitation intensity and frequency over China from 1960 to 2015 based on daily precipitation from stations. The possible teleconnection with large‐scale climate index was also been investigated. The major results are as follows: (1) 14.72% and 23.51% of all the stations over China have a change point in intensity and frequency, respectively. Moreover, most of change points occurred after 1975. (2) Extreme precipitation intensity and frequency show similar significant change trends, with a decreasing trend along the strip extending the northeast to southwest direction and an increasing trend in the two sides of the strip; 56.44% and 66.23% of all the stations shows the increasing trends in intensity and frequency. (3) Large‐scale climate indices have more influences on frequency rather than intensity. Especially, Dipole Mode Index with 1 year ahead has significantly positive correlation with extreme precipitation frequency in most areas of China, except for South China.
Maximum and Minimum Soil Surface Temperature Trends Over China, 1965–2014
Authors: Wang Lei , Henderson Mark , Liu Binhui , Shen Xiangjin , Chen Xiangwei , Lian Luyao , Zhou Daowei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMinimum and maximum soil surface temperatures have shown significant warming trends since the midtwentieth century in China, with minimum temperatures rising at a faster pace than maximums, resulting in a decrease in the soil surface diurnal temperature range. Similar to air temperature, these changes demonstrate spatial coherence, with regions at higher latitudes experiencing relatively more change. While increases in air temperatures in China slowed after 1998, paralleling the global “warming hiatus,” soil temperatures at the surface and in shallow layers have continued to rise across China. The increases in soil surface temperatures are fastest at night since 1998, reducing the soil surface diurnal temperature range. Thus, we find that while the decrease in the diurnal air temperature range mainly happened during the earlier “dimming” period ending around 1988, the decrease in the diurnal soil surface temperature range is detectable only during the renewed dimming period after 1998. This has caused soil temperatures at the surface and in shallow layers to diverge from air temperatures since 1998. Although changes in soil temperatures were associated with changes in air temperature, the patterns of change are different. Calculations using only nonurban stations show similar warming rates, indicating that the effects of urbanization are small.
Decoupling the Effects of Transport and Chemical Loss on Tropospheric Composition: A Model Study of Path‐Dependent Lifetimes
Authors: Yang Huang , Waugh Darryn W. , Holzer Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe distribution of most trace species within the troposphere depends on a complex interplay between chemistry and transport. Holzer and Waugh (2015) introduced the concept of a path‐dependent lifetime τc(r), that parameterizes the integrated chemical loss during transport from the source to a given location r. Here we examine whether this parameterization provides a new approach for decoupling transport and chemistry. We present calculations of path‐dependent lifetimes for a suite of chlorofluorocarbon replacement gases in a simple 12‐box model and show that for trace species with global lifetimes from 0.5 years to 50 years τc provides an accurate representation of the integrated chemical loss during transport. The value of τc is shown to be sensitive to tropical hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations, with much weaker sensitivity to extratropical OH or transport. Furthermore, fractional changes in Southern Hemisphere extratropical τc are similar to the corresponding fractional changes in tropical OH; that is, a 10% increase in tropical OH results in a 10% decrease in τc. This suggests that observation‐based estimates of τc may be used to constrain tropical OH concentrations provided that τc can be determined with sufficient precision.
Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Plane J. M. C. , Carrillo‐Sanchez J. D. , Mangan T. P. , Crismani M. M. J. , Schneider N. M. , Määttänen A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission show that a persistent layer of Mg+ ions occurs around 90 km in the Martian atmosphere but that neutral Mg atoms are not detectable. These observations can be satisfactorily modeled with a global meteoric ablation rate of 0.06 t sol−1, out of a cosmic dust input of 2.7 ± 1.6 t sol−1. The absence of detectable Mg at 90 km requires that at least 50% of the ablating Mg atoms ionize through hyperthermal collisions with CO2 molecules. Dissociative recombination of MgO+.(CO2)n cluster ions with electrons to produce MgCO3 directly, rather than MgO, also avoids a buildup of Mg to detectable levels. The meteoric injection rate of Mg, Fe, and other metals—constrained by the IUVS measurements—enables the production rate of metal carbonate molecules (principally MgCO3 and FeCO3) to be determined. These molecules have very large electric dipole moments (11.6 and 9.2 Debye, respectively) and thus form clusters with up to six H2O molecules at temperatures below 150 K. These clusters should then coagulate efficiently, building up metal carbonate‐rich ice particles which can act as nucleating particles for the formation of CO2‐ice clouds. Observable mesospheric clouds are predicted to occur between 65 and 80 km at temperatures below 95 K and above 85 km at temperatures about 5 K colder.
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis a Cardiovascular Risk‐Equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Yang Shuo , Singh Jasvinder A. , Xie Fenglong , Chen Lang , Yun Huifeng , Muntner Paul , Kent Shia T. , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThe 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol treatment guidelines recommend statins for patients with diabetes mellitus ages 40–75 years due to their elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We compared the incidence of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and coronary revascularization according to whether patients had diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), both, or neither.MethodsUsing 2006–2010 private and public health plan claims, we identified 4 mutually exclusive retrospective cohorts ages >40 years: patients with RA and diabetes mellitus, RA only, diabetes mellitus only, or neither condition. Patients with prevalent CVD were excluded. Outcomes included acute MI and stroke, identified from inpatient discharge diagnosis codes, and coronary revascularization from procedure codes. Across the 4 cohorts, we calculated incidence rates (IRs) of the outcomes, standardized to the 2010 US census age and sex distribution.ResultsWe identified 920,772 eligible participants. The age‐ and sex‐standardized IRs (per 1,000 person‐years) for MI were highest among patients with RA and diabetes mellitus (IR 12.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10.7–14.7]), followed by patients with diabetes mellitus only (IR 10.7 [95% CI 10.3–11.0]), RA only (IR 5.7 [95% CI 5.2–6.3]), and with neither condition (IR 4.2 [95% CI 4.1–4.3]).ConclusionFindings from the present study suggest that while CVD risk in RA is elevated, it is lower in magnitude compared to the CVD risk associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, considering RA a diabetes mellitus risk‐equivalent with respect to hyperlipidemia management may not be appropriate.
Inhibition and Enhancement of Quantized, Interference‐Driven, Ultrafast‐Laser Cleaving, and Intrafilm Ejection with Angle and Polarization Control
Authors: Roper David M. , Ho Stephen , Haque Moez , Jha Prasoon , Herman Peter R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe combination of optical interference and ultrafast laser interaction within microscale transparent films offers novel high resolution means for nonlinear confinement of dissipated energy to facilitate 3D nanostructuring. This approach relies on the formation of nanoscale (≈40 nm) plasma disks stacked on half‐wavelength spacings, λ/2nfilm (film refractive index, nfilm), opening directions for intrafilm cleaving and nanostructuring of free‐standing blisters or embedded nanocavities with controllable surface topography. Given a limited number of film‐substrate systems suitable for generating high contrast interference fringes, this paper introduces angle and polarization control to manipulate fringe visibility in SiOx thin‐films (1 µm thickness) with silicon substrates. An enhancement or diminishment of quantized intrafilm processing is definitively demonstrated according to s‐ and p‐polarization states, respectively. Modeling of Gaussian beam walk‐off effects further explores film interference in tight focusing limits, predicting new asymmetry that manipulates intrafilm cleaving morphology. This research opens a path to quantized structuring of previously unsuitable low‐contrast thin‐film systems, while improving the design and control over novel surface and intrafilm morphologies. The development of intrafilm structuring in SiOx thin‐films is relevant to lab‐in‐film opportunities for assessing cell or subcellular species in CMOS‐compatible microelectronics and improving functionality of LED, lab‐on‐a‐chip and MEMS devices.