bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3º Encontro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Sertão Paraibano (III ECTBMFSPB)
Authors: Silva Júnior Silvestre Estrela da , Rocha Julierme Ferreira , Dias Ribeiro Eduardo , Araújo Filho José Cadmo Wanderley Peregrino de 
Published: May 2018

Prezados Congressistas,É com grande satisfação que o corpo discente da Liga Acadêmica de Cirurgia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (LAC-UFCG) realizou, durante os dias 23, 24 e 25 de maio de 2018, o 3ª Encontro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Sertão Paraibano (III ECTBMFSPB).Preparamos uma grade científica na qual inserimos representantes e conferencistas dos programas de residência e pós-graduação em CTBMF da região Nordeste, com o intuito de um maior fortalecimento e divulgação da especialidade e da atualização do conhecimento científico.A programação científica contou com palestras na área da cirurgia e traumatologia buco-maxilo-facial, implantodontia e áreas afins, ministradas por palestrantes renomados, que compartilharam com os congressistas o que há de mais atual e inovador na área. Os participantes também tiveram a oportunidade de apresentar e assistir às exposições de diversos trabalhos científicos, na modalidade de painel.O evento também contou com uma programação social visando uma maior interação entre congressistas e palestrantes.Portanto, o evento foi um sucesso e esperamos a colaboração de todos para o IV ECTBMFSPB. Aproveito a oportunidade para agradecer o periódico Archieves of Health Intvestigation pela honrosa oportunidade em publicar os resumos dos trabalhos apresentados no evento. Meus sinceros agradecimentos.Aguardamos todos para desfrutar no próximo ano em nossa acolhedora e calorosa morada do sol, Patos, a Capital do Sertão Paraibano.Silvestre Estrela da Silva Júnior Presidente do III ECTBMFSPB
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Pure Aluminum to Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Abd Elnabi Mohamed Mohamed , Osman Tarek Abd Elsadek , El Mokadem Alaa Eldeen , ElshalakanyÂ Abou Bakr 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research is to use friction stir welding (FSW) to join dissimilar metals, annealed low carbon steel and A1050 pure aluminum. A butt joint with a similar sheet thickness of 1.9 mm was applied. The novelties of the research are relatively using high generated heat produced by a combination of low traverse speed and high rotational speed to perform the dissimilar joints and using a tool material (K107cold work tool steel) which has not been used in FSW with tool cooling. The present work studied the effect of FSW variables such as tilt angle, tool cooling, base metal location on mechanical properties. Tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints. The microstructure specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sound dissimilar joints were successfully produced. The maximum joint efficiency obtained in this study is 51.7% of the aluminum tensile strength. The microstructure images showed that many steel fragments were sheared off from the steel surface by the tool action and scattered in the weld nugget, a continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the interface, the thickness of the IMC layer at the interface decreased in the thickness direction of the weld. FeAl3 IMC phase was only observed at the interface.
Laboratory Investigation of Inorganic Fouling of Low Pressure UV Disinfection Lamps
Authors: Sheriff M. , Gehr M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Iron(III) (mainly dosed as FeCl3) is one of the main inorganic constituents associated with the fouling of UV lamps during disinfection of wastewater. A low pressure mercury lamp UV system was operated under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of heat and UV light on fouling. Iron(III) was dosed at different concentrations and fouling was monitored by measuring the UV irradiance. The potential for ferric phosphate fouling and the effects of organics were also studied.
Results showed that fouling did not occur in recirculating systems over 12 days of observation. However, in flow-through systems, the extent and rate of fouling depended on the solution Fe concentration. Furthermore, addition of phosphorus increased the fouling rate. Bulk precipitation appeared to be significant at iron(III) dosing over 3 mg/L.
Theoretical predictions of an equilibrium model (MINEQL+) showed similar trends with measured concentrations of soluble Fe and P from batch tests. However, model predictions of temperature effects alone could not account for the observed solids deposition on the quartz sleeve. Bulk precipitation, followed by sedimentation, was considered to be the dominant mechanism at high iron (III) concentrations.
Aeration Performance of Triangular Notch Weirs at Recirculating System
Authors: Baylar Ahmet , Bagatur Tamer , Tuna Ahmet 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An adequate supply of dissolved oxygen is essential for the survival of aquatic organisms. Hydraulic structures can increase dissolved oxygen levels by creating turbulent conditions, where small air bubbles are carried into the bulk of the flow. Plunging overfall jets from weirs at recirculating systems are a particular instance of this. This paper seeks triangular notch weirs having different weir angle (α) and how they affect the aeration performance. It is demonstrated that the aeration efficiency of a 90° triangular notch weir is generally better than that of the other weirs.
Determination of the D/H Ratio in Natural Waters of Syria
Authors: Harfoush A. , Allaf Abdul W. , Alibrahim M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Natural water samples were collected from various locations in Syria and were analyzed to determine the D/H ratio, using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Three types of water (a, b and c) were found. The D/H ratios were from 156.6 × 10-6 to 148.9 × 10-6, 159.9 × 10-6 to 158.1 × 10-6, and 170.7 × 10-6 to 153.4 × 10-6 for a-, b- and c-type waters, respectively. The most characterized locations were found in closed dam reservoir (c-type). It is estimated that the D/H ratio in c-type water is proportional to the mean daily evaporation rate and accumulation efficiency and is inversely proportional to the water mean depth. The electrical conductivity is found to be proportional to the D/H value for each separate location of c-type water.
A Review of the Evidence for Endocrine Disruption in Canadian Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: McMaster Mark E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Endocrine disrupting substances in the environment and the potential affects they have on wildlife species has recently received increased public attention. This paper provides background information on research that has addressed the endocrine disruption issue in the Canadian aquatic environment as well as information on studies that are presently being conducted within the country to address this issue. Two of the three studies from across the world often cited as presenting sufficient evidence for connecting contaminants and endocrine disruption in fish populations are Canadian — Lake Ontario lake trout and TCDD and related compounds, and white sucker exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. Several other Canadian examples exist, including altered stress responses in yellow perch exposed to heavy metals, altered smoltification in Atlantic salmon exposed to 4-nonylphenol and imposex in dogwelks exposed to tributyltin. While other Canadian studies suggest alterations in reproductive function in fish, direct links to contaminants have not been made. Other studies have identified endocrine active compounds in the receiving environments but have yet to link these to alterations in endocrine function in resident fish populations. The strength of Canada's research programs lies in the breadth and depth of their field related research. It is this world-recognized expertise and strength that Canada can contribute to the international effort to address the endocrine disruptor issue.
Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife in Canada: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Fox Glen A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Within a few years of their widespread introduction into the environment, there were major concerns about the effects of man-made chemicals on wildlife in Canada. Biologists have found evidence of endocrine disruption in at least 16 species of birds (particularly fish-eating and predatory species), 3 species of terrestrial mammals and 1 whale, 1 reptile and several amphibians. These effects were seen in the Great Lakes, areas polluted with pulp and paper effluents, the forests of New Brunswick, a variety of agricultural habitats, acidified lakes in Nova Scotia, major rivers and inshore coastal waters, and the Arctic. They include decreased reproductive success, gross congenital abnormalities and interference with developmental/regenerational processes; thyroid dysfunction; metabolic abnormalities; feminization/demasculinization; alterations in sex ratios; altered brain development and behaviour; and altered immune function. These sublethal effects have the potential to alter an individual's quality of life, its survival, or reproductive fitness. Morbidity and mortality are rarely detected and grossly underestimated in wildlife populations and we are likely to have underestimated the occurrence, prevalence and severity of endocrine disruption in wildlife. There is no formal existing program in Canada for gathering long-term evidence for determining trends in the incidence and severity of effects in organisms. All of the information on endocrine disruption in Canadian wildlife reported in this review was gathered as a result of academic research or research-based monitoring. Much greater effort must be made to systematically detect and identify a much broader range of man-made chemicals, both persistent and nonpersistent, and their metabolites in wildlife tissues and environmental media. These efforts should be complimented by parallel measurements of various biological activities of extracts of the same wildlife tissues and environmental media. This monitoring information would then point to specific locations, effluents, agricultural practices, industrial processes, and products where investigations of effects should be conducted and to species and functions potentially at risk.
Endocrine Disruption and Human Reproductive Effects: An Overview
Authors: Foster Warren G. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Humans of all ages interact with their environment on a daily basis and are thus exposed to a variety of both man-made and naturally occurring chemicals through the air they breath, the water they drink and the food they eat. The potential for exposure to environmental contaminants to impact the function of the reproductive system and affect normal development of the reproductive tract has become an area of increasing concern at all levels of society. Environment Canada and Health Canada jointly organized a workshop to review the current state of knowledge on endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and to establish a national science agenda on the scientific assessment of EDCs. This report summarizes the key scientific literature pertaining to the role of EDCs in a number of selected human reproductive/developmental outcomes. Change in the frequency of health outcome trends, epidemiological evidence of an association between the health outcome of concern and exposure to EDCs, and mechanistic evidence of receptor-mediated effects were the criteria used to evaluate the strength of the evidence. While it cannot be concluded that EDCs cause reproductive effects in the general Canadian population, the weight of evidence provides cause for continued concern.
Assessment of the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Substances in the Canadian Environment
Authors: Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are a complex issue that continues to evolve. From a government perspective, the issue of endocrine disruptors is complicated by the inclusion of several related issues, making it difficult to deal with in an effective manner. The sub-issues probably need to be dealt with through different regulatory mechanisms. The endocrine disruptor issues can be divided into three main categories: a) issues associated with subtle responses to compounds that are persistent, lipophilic and capable of biomagnification; b) issues associated primarily with non-persistent and relatively hydrophilic substances in industrial and municipal effluents; and c) issues associated with screening existing and new chemicals for their capability of interacting with the endocrine system in an adverse manner. This paper discusses options for dealing with chemicals found in complex mixtures such as pulp mill effluents, sewage effluents and in-use agricultural chemicals. When studies documented potential concerns about the potential for pulp mill effluents to cause reproductive and endocrine changes in fish, the Government of Canada developed an Environmental Effects Monitoring program as part of the new regulatory package. The EEM program is designed to provide information on whether effects are present in the environment when industry complies with their regulated discharge requirements. Endocrine disruptors have the potential to cause environmental effects with other regulated effluents, and an EEM-type of approach would be capable of identifying situations where effects are present and need to be dealt with.
Socio-Economics of Remediating Contaminated Sediment for the St. Clair River Area of Concern
Authors: Rivers Ray 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Of the total amount of contaminated sediment in the upper stretch of the St. Clair River, there are approximately 4500 cubic meters of sediment contaminated by mercury and organic chemicals that represent five of the remaining seven impaired uses in the St. Clair River Area of Concern. This material is the result of industrial pollution over a number of years in the Sarnia, Ontario, “Chemical Valley” and has most likely entered the St. Clair River via a surface drain passing through an industrial landfill. Scientific studies indicate that the contaminated material is constantly migrating downstream and has a potential for significant releases from large vessel traffic propeller wash or ice action. This paper examines two remediation options in the light of the potential benefits from a cleanup of the contaminated sediments. While not a typical benefit-cost analysis, this study explores the relationship between remediation and the social and economic benefits associated with “delisting” of the St. Clair River as an Area of Concern. The study has implications for other Areas of Concern that have sediment-related problems and require remedial action to meet the goals of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
Contaminated Sediment Management: the Canadian Experience
Authors: Santiago Roger , Pelletier Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Since the beginning of North America's industrialization, the Great Lakes have been negatively impacted by the discharge of industrial, agricultural and municipal pollutants. The governments of Canada and the United States have recognized that the accumulation of pollutants within the bottom sediment and the water column has had a detrimental effect on the Great Lakes ecosystem. In 1972, Canada and the United States signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, which established common water quality objectives and commitments to programs and other measures to achieve these objectives. This included measures for the abatement and control of pollution from dredging activities. By 1985, the International Joint Commission, a body established by the two countries to provide advice on boundary water issues, identified 43 Areas of Concern where impaired water quality prevented full beneficial use of rivers, bays, harbours and ports. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, amended in 1987, committed both countries to concentrate remediation efforts in these 43 Areas of Concern. This led to the development of Remedial Action Plans to assess and remediate contamination problems. Contaminated sediment was identified in all of these Areas of Concern. In 1989, the Canadian government created the 5-year $125-million Great Lakes Action Plan in support of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Of this, $55 million was allocated to the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund for the 17 Canadian Areas of Concern. A portion of the Cleanup Fund was designated for the development and demonstration of technologies for assessment, removal and treatment of contaminated sediment. Since its creation, the Remediation Technologies Program, established under the Cleanup Fund, has successfully performed 3 full-scale remediation projects, 11 pilot-scale technology demonstrations and 29 bench-scale tests. In addition to these projects, the program also evaluated existing sediment management practices and processes.
Identifying and Assessing the Economic Benefits of Contaminated Aquatic Sediment Cleanup
Authors: Dewees Donald N. , Schaefer Karl A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A review of the literature indicates that there are very few quantitative analyses of the economic benefits associated with the cleanup of contaminated aquatic sediment. This is largely attributable to the paucity of post-project monitoring and therefore yields limited data on the link between sediment remediation and ecological benefits. Nevertheless, both the potential ecological and economic benefits are thought to be considerable. This paper identifies the types of potential economic benefits that may result from aquatic sediment remediation, assesses the utility of existing economic valuation tools for sediment cleanup specifically, highlights methodological challenges and identifies areas for further work.
Productivity of the Psammic Algal Communities in the Near-Shore Zone of the Mesotrophic Lake Piaseczno (Eastern Poland)
Authors: Czernaś Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
From 1986 to 1998, the primary productivity of psammic algae was investigated in the psammolittoral of Lake Piaseczno, a mesotrophic lake. The oxygen method was developed for the direct measurement of primary production of these algae based on light and dark bottles without disturbing the subsoil structure. This productivity was also estimated in an indirect way by measurement of chlorophyll a concentrations. The productivity of phytoplankton was also measured in the same zone. The correlation between the productivity of algae and the concentration of nutrients and major ions in water was calculated. During the study period, the highest production was found in the eupsammon (31.1 to 187.7 Cass·m-2·h-1), with the hydropsammon being lower (9.6 to 100.6 Cass·m-2·h-1). For phytoplankton biomass, the numbers were very low, which is typical of pristine lakes. The chlorophyll a concentration during the study period demonstrated a different pattern ranging from 53 mg·m-2 in the hydropsammon to 765 mg·m-2 in the eupsammon. The assimilation number for these communities was always &lt;1. A positive (r &gt;0.4) correlation was found between the primary production of the eupsammon and the psammolittoral phytoplankton, and the concentration of NH4-N, NO3-N, Ntot, PO4-P, Ptot. and K+ in the piezometer groundwater. No correlation was found between primary production, chlorophyll a concentration and the concentration of nutrients and major ions in the piezometer groundwater and psammolittoral water.
A Combined Chemical Reduction and Biological Oxidation Process for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater
Authors: Podeh Mohammad R. Haghighi , Sarhadi Mitra , Ghoreishi Seyyed M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report on the effectiveness of a combined reduction-biological treatment system for the decolourization of non-biodegradable textile dyeing wastewater. In this treatment system a bisulfite-catalyzed sodium borohydride reduction followed by activated sludge technique was used in order to remove the colours at ambient temperature and pressure. This experimental investigation consisted of two major parts: reduction treatment and biological oxidation. Both synthetic and actual wastewaters were used in this research. Synthetic wastewaters were made by several groups of dyes such as direct, basic and reactive colours. Actual wastewaters were collected from two different textile industries in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The characterization of raw and treated wastewater was carried out by infrared and ultraviolet spectrometers. The ASTM-E450-82 method was used to measure the colour. The results of this study demonstrated that this biological treatment technique decreased colour, BOD, COD and TSS by 74 to 88%, 97 to 100%, 76 to 83% and 92 to 97%, respectively. The IR and UV analyses showed that nonbiodegradable dyes are converted to biodegradable organic compounds such as alkyl and alkens. Another major advantage of this method with respect to other methods, namely, adsorption and coagulation, was that it removes colour without causing any disposal problem. The optimum dosage for treatment of actual wastewaters was found to be 50 to 60 mg/L for catalyst bisulfite and 200 to 250 mg/L for sodium borohydride. Finally, a benchscale experimental comparison of this technique with other combined chemical and biological methods currently used showed higher efficiency and lower cost for the newly developed technique.
Monitoring of Activated Sludge Systems Using a Combination of Specific Oxygen Uptake Rates and Specific Adenosine Triphosphate Measurements
Authors: Bergeron Janique , Paice Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Two five-litre activated sludge (AS) bioreactors were operated for several months to demonstrate potential mill applications of a four-assay set, which has been proposed as a tool for monitoring the health of the AS microbial population. The set consists of three specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) determinations at different substrate concentrations (SOURat, SOURnmax and SOURtox where at, nmax and tox are defined as aeration tank, near maximum, and toxic, respectively), and a specific adenosine triphosphate (SATP) assay. Two disturbances were applied at different times to an AS system treating kraft effluent. First, temperature was increased from 25 to 40°C, and second, a black liquor spill was simulated. The data before, during, and after these disturbances were statistically analyzed. From this analysis, we concluded that the four-assay set could be used as a microbial health characterization (MHC) tool. It allows an operator to correlate microbial changes with operating data over a mediumterm time scale. We compared the values obtained during periods of upset in the system treating the kraft effluent, to the baseline data set determined from stable operation periods. This demonstrated how the four-assay set could be used as a biological early warning (BEW) tool. It allows a treatment system operator to make appropriate adjustments immediately after detecting values that fall outside the baseline data range.