bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riverine distribution of mussel environmental DNA reflects a balance among density, transport, and removal processes
Authors: Shogren Arial J. , Tank Jennifer L. , Egan Scott P. , Bolster Diogo , Riis Tenna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Sampling water for environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool for documenting species presence without direct observation, allowing for earlier detection and faster response than conventional sampling methods in aquatic ecosystems.

However, current understanding of how eDNA is transported in streams and rivers remains imprecise, with uncertainty of how the unique transport properties of eDNA may influence the interpretation of a positive detection. To test the utility of eDNA sensing in flowing waters, we compared quantitative eDNA analyses to zebra mussel density surveys in a Danish river.

Although flowing water complicates the relationships between eDNA production, transport, and removal, we found weak but positive relationships between eDNA concentration, zebra mussels, and biophysical parameters. For example, while zebra mussel densities were only moderately predicted by eDNA concentrations, eDNA was most strongly influenced by nutrient concentrations and water velocity. These results may be used to inform future sampling strategies, where hydrological variables could better constrain eDNA fate.

We also modelled estimates for net eDNA transport, retention, and degradation to estimate the relative importance of these processes for removing eDNA from the water column. In our study system, physical retention accounted for c. 70% of removal when compared to degradation alone, making it an important process to consider when assessing downstream eDNA transport.
Extinction debt and delayed colonization have had comparable but unique effects on plant community–climate lags since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Butterfield Bradley J. , Anderson R. Scott , Holmgren Camille A. , Betancourt Julio L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimPlant communities typically exhibit lagged responses to climate change due to poorly understood effects of colonization and local extinction. Here, we quantify rates of change in mean cold tolerances, and contributions of colonization and local extinction to those rates, recorded in plant macrofossil assemblages from North American hot deserts over the last 30,000 years.LocationMojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts.Time period30–0 thousand years before present (kybp).Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsColonization and local extinction dates for 269 plant species were approximated from macrofossils in 15 packrat (Neotoma) midden series. Cold tolerances estimated from contemporary climate were used to quantify assemblage‐mean cold tolerances through time. Rates of colonization and local extinction, and their effects on rates of change in assemblage‐mean cold tolerances, were estimated for 30–20 kybp (Late Pleistocene, no directional warming), 20–10 kybp (deglaciation, rapid warming) and 10–0 kybp (Holocene, no directional warming).ResultsRates of change in all metrics were negligible during the Late Pleistocene. Rates of change in assemblage‐mean cold tolerances (mean 1.0°C × 10−4/yr) lagged behind warming during deglaciation, and continued at similar rates (1.2°C × 10−4/yr) throughout the Holocene. Colonization and local extinction contributed equally to delayed responses to warming, but their dynamics differed through time: Colonization by warm‐adapted species predominated during deglaciation, while the most heat‐adapted species exhibited long delays in colonization. Only the most cold‐adapted species went locally extinct during deglaciation, followed by slow repayment of the extinction debt of cool‐adapted species during the Holocene.Main conclusionsResponses to rapid warming can persist for millennia, even after cessation of warming. Consistent patterns from different midden series across the region support a metacommunity model in which dispersal interacts with environmental filters and buffers against local extinction to drive community–climate disequilibrium during and after periods of warming.
The global geography of fish diadromy modes
Authors: Chalant Anaïs , Jézéquel Céline , Keith Philippe , Hugueny Bernard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimGeographical gradients in resource production are likely to translate into macroecological patterns in the biodiversity of migratory organisms, but few studies have addressed this question at a global scale. Here, we tested a hypothesis based on uncoupled latitudinal gradients in marine and freshwater primary productivities aimed at explaining where (e.g., at which latitude) and at which stage of the life cycle (larvae, amphidromy; juvenile, catadromy; or adult, anadromy) migration from ocean to freshwater occurs (diadromy).LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedFishes.MethodsWe modelled, using multinomial regressions, the proportion of catadromous, anadromous and amphidromous species in 994 river basins as a function of freshwater and marine net primary productivities (NPP; in milligrams of carbon per square metre per day) and additional biotic and abiotic variables. Using data extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database, we tested whether diadromous, catadromous and amphidromous species differed with respect to the NPP of their marine and freshwater occurrences.ResultsAmong diadromous species, anadromous species are present in higher proportions when conditions for growth are more favourable in the sea (higher productivity, higher temperature and lower number of competitors) than in freshwaters. The model reconstructs the latitudinal pattern observed in the proportion of anadromous species, including an asymmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. According to GBIF occurrences, the ratio of marine over freshwater productivity is higher for anadromous species compared with catadromous and amphidromous species.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis stating that migration between ocean and freshwater occurs by choosing the biome that optimizes pre‐reproductive growth and is one more example of the importance of primary productivity in shaping large‐scale community patterns. This result suggests that some diadromous fish populations and species may suffer from anticipated climate change if interbiome productivity gradients are affected.
Modifiable factors affecting inpatient violence in an acute child and adolescent psychiatric unit: A 16‐year retrospective study
Authors: Panagiotou Aspasia , Mafreda Chrysoula , Moustikiadis Anastasios , Prezerakos Panagiotis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractViolent incidents in acute inpatient units for children and adolescents are a major and persistent problem. The demographic, clinical, and modifiable (environmental–organizational) risk factors that affect inpatient violence in an Acute Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit were investigated via a retrospective study. Data were collected from nursing and medical reports and the unit's census and included 100 days per year for 16 years. Incidents of violence and assault types were recorded, and variables such as the diagnostic category of assailants, total number of patients, and staffing factors during the incident were examined. Of the 2390 violent incidents recorded, 50% were attributed to cases of physical violence towards another patient, 17% to physical violence towards nursing staff, 19% to physical violence towards self and 14% to destruction of property. According to the final multivariable model, for each additional patient in the unit, the risk of a violent event increased by 9.51%; for each additional offender patient, the risk increased by 14.06%; the number of assistant nurses was associated with a 25.03% increased risk; and, after 2006, the risk increased by 68.99%. The most significant factor associated with a 59.98% decreased risk was the total number of nursing staff. All variables significantly and independently contributed to the model. Acute inpatient psychiatric units with a small number of hospitalized patients, adequate, well‐trained and specialized nursing staff, and the hospitalization of different types of patients in separate wards or units are expected to facilitate a reduction in the frequency of violent incidents.
Partnering for enhanced digital surveillance of influenza‐like disease and the effect of antivirals and vaccines (PEDSIDEA)
Authors: Rath Barbara , Maltezou Helena C. , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Papagrigoriou‐Theodoridou Maria‐Alexandra , Alchikh Maren , Myles Puja , Schweiger Brunhilde ,   the PEDSIDEA Network
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundStandardised clinical outcome measures are urgently needed for the surveillance of influenza and influenza‐like illness (ILI) based on individual patient data (IPD).ObjectivesWe report a multicentre prospective cohort using a predefined disease severity score in routine care.Patients/MethodsThe Vienna Vaccine Safety initiative (ViVI) Disease Severity Score (“ViVI Score”) was made available as an android‐based mobile application to three paediatric hospitals in Berlin and Athens between 2013 and 2016. Healthcare professionals assessed ILI patients at the point of care including severity, risk factors and use of antibiotics/antivirals/vaccines. RT‐PCR for influenza A/B viruses was performed at the Hellenic Pasteur Institute and the Robert Koch Institute. PCR testing was blinded to severity scoring and vice versa.ResultsA total of 1615 children aged 0‐5 years (54.4% males) were assessed at the three sites. The mean age was 1.7 years (SD 1.5; range 0‐5.9). The success rate (completion of the scoring without disruption to the ER workflow) was 100%. ViVI Disease Severity Scores ranged from 0 to 35 (mean 13.72). Disease severity in the Berlin Cohort was slightly higher (mean 15.26) compared to the Athens Cohorts (mean 10.86 and 11.13). The administration of antibiotics was most prevalent in the Berlin Cohort, with 41.2% on antibiotics (predominantly cefuroxime) as opposed to only 0.5% on neuraminidase inhibitors. Overall, Risk‐adjusted ViVI Scores were significantly linked to the prescription of both, antibiotics and antivirals.ConclusionsThe Risk‐adjusted ViVI Score enables a precision medicine approach to managing ILI in multicentre settings. Using mobile applications, severity data will be obtained in real time with important implications for the evaluation of antiviral/vaccine use.
Unravelling the history of biodiversity in mountain ranges through integrating geology and biogeography
Authors: Huang Shan , Meijers Maud J. M. , Eyres Alison , Mulch Andreas , Fritz Susanne A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe advocate an interdisciplinary approach to biogeography, integrating geology and paleobiology to examine how biodiversity dynamics evolved as mountain ranges formed through (geological) time.LocationGlobal; case study: Anatolia (Turkey).MethodsWe discuss the links between surface uplift and biodiversity dynamics and review recent developments for reconstructing the history of geography and biodiversity. To illustrate an integrative approach to biogeography, we present a case study of Neogene Anatolia. In particular, we reconstruct Anatolian paleogeography based on a synthesis of both quantitative and qualitative evidence, and review the fossil record of the regional flora and fauna, to identify changes in compositions that might be induced by surface uplift and associated environmental changes.ResultsThe Central Anatolian Plateau and its mountainous margins display different histories of surface uplift during the late Miocene to Pliocene, which are detectable in the regional fossil record of large mammals. Overall changes in vegetation and climatic conditions for the whole region also align with the general time frame of surface uplift.Main conclusionsOur discussion and case study highlight the value of an integrative biogeographic framework, by combining knowledge and techniques from geology and paleobiology to simultaneously consider the biotic and environmental dynamics in space and time. Neogene surface uplift in Anatolia has affected the regional biota, particularly the diversity of plants and large mammals, along with well‐known global and regional changes in climate and other environmental factors. To disentangle the effects of different, but most likely interactive environmental changes at various scales, we call for rigorous examination of the geological record in a biogeographic framework, using innovative methods to uncover how environmental and biotic processes have shaped mountain biodiversity.
Clinical performance of pressable glass‐ceramic veneers after 5, 10, 15, and 20 years: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Aslan Yılmaz Umut , Uludamar Altay , Özkan Yasemin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term clinical performance and survival rate of pressable lithium‐disilicate glass‐ceramic veneers (LDSVs).Materials and MethodsA total of 413 LDSVs were bonded to anterior and posterior teeth by three experienced clinicians between 1998 and 2012. The LDSVs were examined for color/ esthetic match of the glass‐ceramic surface (esthetic evaluation), fracture rate, marginal discoloration (staining of the luting cement), and marginal integrity (including caries, clinical evaluation). For clinical and esthetic evaluations, the modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) score was used in this study. The success rate was determined with a Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe mean observation time was 11.33 ± 4.85 years. There was no loss to follow‐up, all restorations were accounted for in the final analysis. The probability of survival of the 413 veneers was 98% after 5 years, 95% at 10 years, 91% at 15, and 87% at 20 years, indicating a very low clinical failure rate. Of the 413 restorations, complications were occurred in 15 (3.63%) of all restorations, and fractures and debonding in 6 (1.45%) and 9 (2.18%), respectively.ConclusionsThe LDSVs showed high survival rate and very good results for color match and anatomic form and marginal integrity in the long‐term analysis.Clinical SignificanceThe long‐term performance of LDSVs can be considered as highly favorable when carefully planned.
Population history of European mountain pines Pinus mugo and Pinus uncinata revealed by mitochondrial DNA markers
Authors: Zaborowska Julia , Łabiszak Bartosz , Wachowiak Witold 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) and the Pyrenean pine (P. uncinata) constitute a pair of closely related coniferous taxa of poorly resolved evolutionary history and affinity, which inhabit numerous stands scattered over subalpine environments of European mountain ranges. The aim of the study was to investigate their phylogeography and mutual relationships, shedding new light on their taxonomy and the past of the alpine flora. Previous evolutionary reconstructions of the mountain pines relied mainly on bi‐parentally or paternally inherited markers that quickly homogenize between populations, showing rather shallow and recent differentiation of gene pools. Therefore, to contrast these pictures, we analyzed diversity and differentiation within a large set of new mitochondrial loci, inherited in maternal line and distributed by seeds at short geographical distances. Samples of the taxa were taken from 27 natural populations representing their range‐wide distributions—17 populations of P. mugo and 10 of P. uncinata. All markers appeared polymorphic, providing a total of 31 multilocus haplotypes. Two of the loci proved to be species‐diagnostic and nearly fixed between analyzed samples. Distribution of mitotypes indicate that allopatric populations of the taxa constitute separate mitochondrial haplogroups, and the two mountain pines have independent evolutionary history. However, introgression of P. mugo mitotypes by P. uncinata specimens revealed in the species contact zone in Western Alps shows that their speciation is not fully completed.
Convolutional sparse coding‐based deep random vector functional link network for distress classification of road structures
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Takahashi Sho , Ogawa Takahiro , Haseyama Miki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a convolutional sparse coding (CSC)‐based deep random vector functional link network (CSDRN) for distress classification of road structures. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of CSC into a feature extraction scheme in the distress classification. CSC can extract visual features representing characteristics of target images because it can successfully estimate optimal convolutional dictionary filters and sparse features as visual features by training from a small number of distress images. The optimal dictionaries trained from distress images have basic components of visual characteristics such as edge and line information of distress images. Furthermore, sparse feature maps estimated on the basis of the dictionaries represent both strength of the basic components and location information of regions having their components, and these maps can represent distress images. That is, sparse feature maps can extract key components from distress images that have diverse visual characteristics. Therefore, CSC‐based feature extraction is effective for training from a limited number of distress images that have diverse visual characteristics. The construction of a novel neural network, CSDRN, by the use of a combination of CSC‐based feature extraction and the DRN classifier, which can also be trained from a small dataset, is shown in this paper. Accurate distress classification is realized via the CSDRN.
Exposure to sewage water and the development of allergic manifestations in Finnish children
Authors: Kujansuu Eila , Kujansuu Leena , Paassilta Marita , Mustonen Jukka , Vaarala Outi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe hygiene hypothesis suggests that a decreased microbial load contributes to an increased risk of allergies. In the Finnish municipality of Nokia, sewage water was accidentally mixed with drinking water for 2 days. We studied the association between exposure and the emergence of allergies in children.MethodsChildren aged 2‐5 years living in the accident area and an age‐matched cohort from the control municipality were recruited. Based on the questionnaires, we identified 139 children exposed to the contaminated water and selected age‐ and sex‐matched controls for them (mean age 16.59 months at the time of the accident). Allergic symptoms and diseases were recorded by ISAAC questionnaires and skin prick tests (SPTs) performed 2 and 5 years after the accident.ResultsSPT positivity at 5 years of follow‐up was decreased in the children exposed to the sewage water below 1 year of age (OR 0.311, 95% CI 0.118‐0.820; P = 0.019), particularly in children who did not develop gastroenteritis at exposure. In contrast, the children over 1 year of age at the exposure tended more likely to be SPT‐positive at 5 years of follow‐up (OR 1.997, 95% CI 0.963‐4.143; P = 0.070).ConclusionsSewage water exposure during the first year of life, but not later, decreased the risk of IgE sensitization emphasizing the importance of age as a modulator. The modulation of IgE sensitization by the presence of clinical gastroenteritis at the exposure suggests that the nature of microbial load may have importance or alternatively shared host defense mechanisms protect from infection and atopic sensitization.
Comparison of inhospital outcomes of pediatric heart transplantation between single ventricle congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bradford Tamara T. , Daily Joshua A. , Lang Sean M. , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Tang Xinyu , Collins R. Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractData investigating the impact of household income and other factors on SV patient status‐post‐Fontan palliation after heart transplantation are lacking. We aim to evaluate factors affecting outcomes after OHT in this population. The PHIS database was interrogated for either SV or myocarditis/primary CM who were 4 years or older who underwent a single OHT. There were 1599 patients with a median age of 13.2 years (IQR: 9.3‐16.1). Total hospital costs were significantly higher in the SV group ($408 000 vs $294 000, P < 0.0001), but as median household income increased, the risk of inhospital mortality, post‐transplant LOS, and LOS‐adjusted total hospital costs all decreased. The risk of inhospital mortality increased 6.5% per 1 year of age increase at the time of transplant. Patients in the SV group had significantly more diagnoses than those in the CM group (21 vs 15, P < 0.0001) and had longer total hospital LOSs as a result of longer post‐transplant courses (25 days vs 15, P < 0.0001). Increased median household income and younger age are associated with decreased resource utilization and improved inhospital mortality in SV CHD patients who undergo OHT. In conclusion, earlier consideration of OHT in this population, coupled with improved selection criteria, may increase survival in this population.
Effects of concurrent exercise training on muscle dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress in older people with COPD
Authors: Alcazar Julian , Losa‐Reyna Jose , Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Navarro‐Cruz Roberto , Alfaro‐Acha Ana , Ara Ignacio , García‐García Francisco J. , Alegre Luis M. , Guadalupe‐Grau Amelia 
Published: June 2019

Oxidative stress is associated with disease severity and limb muscle dysfunction in COPD. Our main goal was to assess the effects of exercise training on systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Twenty‐nine outpatients with COPD (66‐90 years) were randomly assigned to a 12‐week exercise training (ET; high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) plus power training) or a control (CT; usual care) group. We evaluated mid‐thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; computed tomography); vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length (ultrasonography); peak VO2 uptake (VO2peak) and work rate (Wpeak) (incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test); rate of force development (RFD); maximal muscle power (Pmax; force‐velocity testing); systemic oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonylation); and physical performance and quality of life. ET subjects experienced changes in mid‐thigh muscle CSA (+4%), VL muscle thickness (+11%) and pennation angle (+19%), VO2peak (+14%), Wpeak (+37%), RFD (+32% to 65%), Pmax (+38% to 51%), sit‐to‐stand time (−24%), and self‐reported health status (+20%) (all P < 0.05). No changes were noted in the CT group (P > 0.05). Protein carbonylation decreased among ET subjects (−27%; P < 0.05), but not in the CT group (P > 0.05). Changes in protein carbonylation were associated with changes in muscle size and pennation angle (r = −0.44 to −0.57), exercise capacity (r = −0.46), muscle strength (r = −0.45), and sit‐to‐stand performance (r = 0.60) (all P < 0.05). The combination of HIIT and power training improved systemic oxidative stress and limb muscle dysfunction in older people with COPD. Changes in oxidative stress were associated with exercise‐induced structural and functional adaptations.
Buildings in GI: How to deal with building models in the GIS domain
Authors: Knoth Laura , Mittlböck Manfred , Vockner Bernhard , Andorfer Michael , Atzl Caroline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDigital building information is important during a building's lifecycle, it is needed from first design until demolition. The two domains that mainly contribute are AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction) during design, construction, and operation, and GIS as a supporting discipline for analysis and further integration of the building's environment. However, there is a challenge in information exchange between the two domains, resulting in the remodeling of digital building information in GIS. In this article, we identify three major data sources from the AEC domain and show transformation processes to enable the integration of such models into the geographical environment in the form of one transition model. Furthermore, we show that this model can either be used directly or exported in the form of de facto standards that allow for further analysis.