bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belowground plant productivity responds similarly as soil microbial productivity rather than aboveground plant productivity to nitrogen deposition in the Eurasian steppe
Authors: Hua Bin , Yang Junjie , Hu Zonghao , Fan Yi , Gong Huan , Wang Jing , Liu Haiyan , Mao Rong , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yong , Zhang Zhiming , Liu Haiming , Zhang Ximei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
It is a central goal in current ecology to investigate the effects of global changes on ecosystem productivity, which includes above- and below-ground plant productivity as well as soil microbial productivity, but most studies focus on aboveground plant productivity. As plant and microbial communities have different attributes, it is intuitive to hypothesize that belowground plant root productivity will respond to global changes more similarly as aboveground stem/leaf productivity than soil microbial productivity; however, this hypothesis remains largely unexplored.

Methods
Here we conducted a long-term nitrogen deposition experiment in the Eurasian steppe, manipulating nine rates (0–50 g N m− 2 yr− 1) at two frequencies under two management strategies (fencing or mowing).

Results
Belowground plant productivity was found to respond similarly as soil microbial productivity rather than aboveground plant productivity, contrary to the hypothesis. And this pattern was more obvious under mowing than fencing, because mowing decreased soil water content and caused another pressure beyond the decreased pH induced by N addition.

Conclusions
Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of microhabitat (below- or above-ground) relative to community attribute (plants or microorganisms) in determining productivity response to nitrogen deposition, emphasizing the necessity to integratively study the response of both above- and below-ground productivities to global changes.
Assessment of Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS) in inpatient diagnostic imaging referrals
Authors: Parillo Marco , Vaccarino Federica , Vertulli Daniele , Perillo Gloria , Montanari Edoardo , Mallio Carlo Augusto , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To test the Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS) in assessing the quality of radiology requests in an Italian cohort of inpatients; to evaluate the interobserver reliability of RI-RADS.

Methods
A single-center quality care study was designed to retrospectively identify consecutive radiology request forms for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional radiography examinations. One radiologist scored the requests using the RI-RADS. The association between RI-RADS and clinical request variables (urgent request, on-call requests, indication for imaging, requesting specialty, imaging modality, and body region) was evaluated. We calculated interobserver agreement between four readers in a subset of 450 requests.

Results
We included 762 imaging requests. RI-RADS grades A (adequate request), B (barely adequate request), C (considerably limited request), D (deficient request), and X were assigned to 8 (1%), 49 (7%), 237 (31%), 404 (53%), and 64 (8%) of cases, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the indication for imaging, body region, and requesting specialty significantly influenced the RI-RADS. Indications for imaging with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were routine preoperative imaging and device check requests. The upper extremity was the body region with the highest risk of poor RI-RADS grade. Requesting specialties with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were cardiovascular surgery, intensive care medicine, and orthopedics. The analysis of the interobserver agreement revealed substantial agreement for the RI-RADS grade.

Conclusion
The majority of radiology exam requests were inadequate according to RI-RADS, especially those for routine imaging. RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability, suggesting that it can be satisfactorily employed in clinical settings.

Critical relevant statement
The implementation of RI-RADS can provide a framework for standardizing radiology requests, thereby enabling quality assurance and promoting a culture of quality improvement.

Key Points

RI-RADS aims to grade the completeness of radiology requests.

Over half of the imaging requests were RI-RADS D grade; RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability.

Most radiology requests were inadequate and RI-RADS could classify them in clinical practice.

Graphical Abstract
How emergency departments are responding to the opioid crisis: Results from a statewide survey in Kentucky
Authors: Sugarman Olivia K. , Harris Samantha J. , Byrne Lauren , Flanagan Vivian , Gattine Sabrina , Desai Isha , Heidari Omeid , Gibbons Jason B. , Whaley Sara , Lucas David , Pugh Tracy , McBride Allison , Saloner Brendan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
There is a rising effort for hospital emergency departments (EDs) to offer and expand substance use disorder (SUD) services. This state-wide evaluation studies SUD services offered along the continuum of implementation across Kentucky’s EDs to inform future state efforts to build ED bridge programs.

Methods
We conducted a mixed-methods study using an online survey of all Kentucky Emergency Department Directors between January and May of 2023. We created a hospital-level dataset which we used to summarize quantitative questions and thematically analyze open-ended responses.

Results
Our sample included 85 unique respondents (89% of all eligible Kentucky hospitals). Nine (11%) had active bridge programs to initiate opioid use disorder patients on buprenorphine. Respondents reported that the most challenging SUD-related services for EDs to implement were buprenorphine induction for opioid use disorder treatment (n = 36, 42%), referrals to community-based providers (n = 34, 40%), and providing social work services (n = 25, 29%). Respondents noted that the implementation and improvement of screening protocols were needed to better identify patients with SUD, expressed concerns about care continuity, and explicitly conveyed the need and desire for additional supports to provide SUD care.

Conclusions
The landscape of Kentucky’s ED SUD supports shows several hospitals that offer services along the continuum of SUD care, and highlights the importance of technical assistance and financial resources to ensure the continuum is broadly available. Kentucky’s experience speaks to broader national challenges in supporting SUD in EDs – specifically the need for financial resources, buy-in and education, and creating referral relationships to ensure care continuity.
ZnO-adipic acid composites as phase change material for latent heat thermal energy storage systems
Authors: Snekha N. R. , Hari Suthan V. , Suganthi K. S. , Naren Raggavendra S. , Sudharsan S. , Aishwarya R. , Rajan K. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work evaluates the use of zinc oxide nanorods as intensifiers of a latent heat thermal energy storage system working with adipic acid as the phase change material (PCM). By virtue of not participating directly in the solid–liquid and liquid–solid phase transition, ZnO-adipic acid composites (ZnO-adipic acid) possessed lower specific heat and latent heat. Our results have shown that the overall heat transfer coefficient during the freezing of PCM through heat transfer to a well-mixed liquid bath is amplified by 61%, when adipic acid is replaced with 2 wt.% ZnO-adipic acid. Heterogenous nucleation due to well-dispersed, ZnO nanorods caused this enhancement. The large enhancement in discharge rate of 2 wt.% ZnO-adipic acid during freezing overweighs higher degree of latent heat loss due to its repeated thermal cycling. The enhancement in overall heat transfer coefficient reported here (61%) is the highest reported so far for any latent heat thermal energy system employing adipic acid or its composites.
EZH1/2 plays critical roles in oocyte meiosis prophase I in mice
Authors: Jiang Ting , Zhang Chengxiu , Cao Xinjing , Tian Yingpu , Cai Han , Kong Shuangbo , Lu Jinhua , Wang Haibin , Lu Zhongxian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Backgroud
abnormalities or defects in oocyte meiosis can result in decreased oocyte quality, reduced ovarian reserve, and female diseases. However, the mechanisms of oocyte meiosis remain largely unknown, especially epigenetic regulation. Here, we explored the role of EZH1/2 (histone methyltransferase of H3K27) in mouse oocyte meiosis by inhibiting its activity and deleting its gene.

Results
with embryonic ovary cultured in vitro, EZH1/2 was demonstrated to be essential for oocyte development during meiosis prophase I in mice. Activity inhibition or gene knockout of EZH1/2 resulted in cell apoptosis and a reduction in oocyte numbers within embryonic ovaries. By observing the expression of some meiotic marker protein (γ-H2AX, diplotene stage marker MSY2 and synapsis complex protein SCP1), we found that function deficiency of EZH1/2 resulted in failure of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair and break of meiotic progression in fetal mouse ovaries. Moreover, Ezh1/2 deficiency led to the suppression of ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated kinase) phosphorylation and a decrease in the expression of key DNA repair proteins Hormad1, Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 in fetal mouse ovaries, underscoring the enzyme’s pivotal role in initiating DNA repair. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Ezh1/2-deletion induced abnormal expression of multiple genes involved into several function of oocyte development in embryonic ovaries. Knockout of Ezh1/2 in ovaries also affected the levels of H3K9me3 and H4K20me2, as well as the expression of their target genes L3mbtl4 and Fbxo44.

Conclusions
our study demonstrated that EZH1/2 plays a role in the DSBs repair in oocyte meiosis prophase I via multiple mechanisms and offers new insights into the physiological regulatory role of histone modification in fetal oocyte guardianship and female fertility.
Effects of famotidine use during pregnancy: an observational cohort study
Authors: Nishimura Ayako , Furugen Ayako , Kobayashi Masaki , Takekuma Yoh , Yakuwa Naho , Goto Mikako , Hayashi Masahiro , Murashima Atsuko , Sugawara Mitsuru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Famotidine, a histamine2-receptor antagonist (H2Ras), is widely used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal symptoms during pregnancy. Although several studies have reported the use of H2Ras during pregnancy, limited data on famotidine were included in these reports. Therefore, we analyzed pregnancy outcome data to evaluate the effects of famotidine use during pregnancy on the fetus.

Methods
Pregnancy outcome data were used for females enrolled in two Japanese facilities that provided counseling on drug use during pregnancy between April 1988 and December 2017. For the primary endpoint, the incidence of congenital malformations was calculated from the data of live birth to pregnant women who took famotidine (n = 330) or drugs considered to exert no teratogenic risk (control, n = 1,407) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Considering secondary endpoints, the incidence of obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, was calculated from data on the use of famotidine (n = 347) and controls (n = 1,476) during the entire pregnancy. The crude odds ratios (cORs) for the incidence of congenital malformations were calculated using univariate logistic regression analysis, with the control group used as the reference. Adjusted ORs (aORs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for various other factors.

Results
The incidences of congenital malformations in the famotidine and control groups were 3.9% and 2.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the famotidine and control groups (cOR: 1.40 [95% CI:0.68–2.71], aOR: 1.06 [95% CI:0.51–2.16]). Conversely, the preterm delivery rates were 8.1% and 3.8% in the famotidine and control groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference (cOR: 2.00 [95% CI:1.20–3.27]). However, the multivariate analysis eliminated famotidine use as a confounding factor.

Conclusions
This observational cohort study revealed that exposure to famotidine during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants. Although a higher rate of preterm delivery was detected in famotidine users when compared with controls, this could be attributed to confounding factors, such as complications.
A qualitative study on the current status and problems of pharmacists in home healthcare from the viewpoint of care managers in medically underpopulated areas in Japan
Authors: Nakagawa Yuji , Kato Hideo , Iwamoto Takuya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Unlike in urban areas, community healthcare in medically underpopulated areas in Japan is constantly challenged because of the uncertainty in effectively using the limited resources. However, no study has focused on human resources or identified the actual state of pharmacists’ support in the community. Therefore, our study identified the actual status and problems of pharmacists involved in home medical care in medically underpopulated areas and discussed the roles required of pharmacists and specific methods of support.

Methods
The content of semi-structured interviews with care managers involved in home healthcare in Misugi town, Tsu City, between November 10, 2023 and March 13, 2024, was analyzed qualitatively using the grounded theory approach.

Results
Five care managers participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews on the actual situation and challenges faced by pharmacists indicated that the following roles were required for pharmacists: as in other regions, it was observed that elderly people with dementia and those living alone managed their medicines, adjusted leftover medicines, collaborated with other professions, bridged with physicians, checked medication status through frequent visits, and adhered to internal medication regimens. Issues related to the characteristics of depopulated areas were identified including human resources, limitations of healthcare resources, economic burden, limits on the number of visits by pharmacists. As a characteristic of communities with no pharmacies and only in-hospital prescribing, pharmacists were expected by care managers to manage the problems caused by in-hospital prescribing.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that pharmacists should ensure the number of visits and collaborate with attending physicians, visiting nurses, and care managers to conduct drug management for patients with dementia and older adults living alone. Community healthcare specialists and those involved in the healthcare planning system can also utilize these findings while planning home healthcare to those who live in medically underpopulated areas in Japan.
Granulomatous mastitis forming a well-defined large mass diagnosed by surgical excision: a case report
Authors: Hao Chisaki , Horimoto Yoshiya , Uomori Toshitaka , Shiraishi Akihiko , Orihata Gotaro , Onagi Hiroko , Hayashi Takuo , Watanabe Junichiro , Kutomi Goro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Granulomatous mastitis is a relatively rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast, but it is sometimes difficult to distinguish from breast cancer by imaging. We experienced a case that was definitively diagnosed as granulomatous mastitis from the surgical specimen. The mass appeared as a large cystic lesion on imaging, which is unusual for granulomatous mastitis, and was initially suspected to be an encapsulated papillary carcinoma.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old woman presented with a painful mass in her right breast. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass lesion with internal solid components, with partially indistinct cyst walls and abundant blood flow. Additionally, lymphadenopathy of one axillary lymph node was observed. Magnetic resonance imaging findings showed irregularly spreading enhanced nodules within the cystic lesion, raising the suspicion of encapsulated papillary carcinoma. Although the histological findings from a needle biopsy were consistent with granulomatous mastitis, the possibility of malignancy could not be ruled out based on imaging, prompting a diagnostic probe lumpectomy. However, the surgical specimens did not reveal any tumorous lesions, and we reached a final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. Postoperatively, the patient was followed-up without steroid therapy and has been free from recurrence of mastitis for 22 months after surgery.

Conclusions
We report a case of granulomatous mastitis that was detected as a large cystic lesion with a well-defined border on imaging and a definitive diagnosis was made from a surgical specimen.
Microbial profile of diabetic foot osteomyelitis from the northwest of England
Authors: Metaoy Sara , Rusu Iulia , Pillai Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteomyelitis of the diabetic foot is a common and challenging complication affecting patients with diabetic foot ulcers and infections. The complexity of these infections lies in their polymicrobial nature, high rates of persistence and recurrence. This study examined the microbiological profile of diabetic foot osteomyelitis from a teaching hospital in Northwest England and their resistance patterns to understand its impact on infection persistence and to direct effective treatment.

Methods
A retrospective review of 105 patients who underwent surgical management for diabetic foot osteomyelitis between 2019 and 2024. We analysed three consecutive culture samples for each patient to assess for the microbiological profile and resistance patterns of these infections and to monitor infection recurrence and persistence rates.

Results
A total of 105 patients were identified. Infection eradication was noted in 42% of the cohort, infection persistence in 18%, and late infection recurrence in 40%. Polymicrobial growth was evident in 72% of our study sample. Gram-positive bacteria made up the majority of the bacterial isolates in all 3 culture samples, 74.81% in sample 1, 69.31% in sample 2, and 55.1% in sample 3. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent gram-positive bacteria, at 52.38% in sample 1, 36.19% in sample 2, and 18.09% in sample 3, followed by Haemolytic Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Corynebacterium. The frequently identified gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas in sample 1 (7.61%), E. coli and Proteus in sample 2 (5,71%), Pseudomonas and Proteus in sample 3 (2.85%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to penicillin and macrolides with resistance of staphylococcus aureus to clarithromycin identified among all 3 culture samples. Gram-negative bacteria were most resistant to amoxicillin. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for infection persistence in most of our cohort (12/19) 63.15%. Among those patients, Staphylococcus was resistant to clarithromycin in 6 of the cases. The 5-year mortality rate for our study sample was 32.38%.

Conclusion
This study highlights the prevalence of polymicrobial growth and multi-drug resistant pathogens in the scope of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. It highlights the predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and its resistant strains among patients affected by diabetic foot osteomyelitis in Greater Manchester.
The status of dialysis patients in Asian countries under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disaster as of December 2019–June 2023: India
Authors: Hyodo Toru , Hirawa Nobuhito , Kuragano Takahiro , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Josi Cherin , Abraham Georgi , Hurmath Syeda , Matthew Milly , Thomas Tarun , Kumaraswami Latha A. , Lesli Nancy , Gopalakrishnan Natarajan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the entire world with unprecedented impact on the health care and economy of countries. India, the most populous country, faced enormous challenges across its diverse population groups. The end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis, especially hemodialysis, were a high-risk group with inevitable regular hospital visits in contrast to the home peritoneal dialysis group. The unplanned lockdown and home confinement posed many risks to dialysis patients due to dialysis unit closures, logistical issues, and severe COVID-19-related morbidities. We have paucity of data on mortality of dialysis patients in India. We describe the reported and available data on COVID-19 in India from across different centers. The vaccination provided by two different pharmaceuticals such as Covaxin and Covishield in a small cohort of dialysis patients reduced infection and severity.
Neurosurgery Fellowships and the Residencies That Enfold Them: A Nationwide Correlational Analysis
Authors: Bashir Raahim , Gould Grahame C. , Miller Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Accredited neurosurgery fellowship training is available in 10 subspecialties and can sometimes be completed during the postgraduate year (PGY)-7 residency year. However, it is not clear whether there are sufficient residency graduates to fill the number of positions available, and residency curriculum structure to support enfolded training is evolving.METHODS:Detailed information about the 117 accredited neurosurgery residency programs and the 282 accredited neurosurgery fellowships was obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training, respectively. Information about residency chief year structure (PGY-6 vs PGY-7) was obtained electronically from each program. An analysis was performed to correlate residency and fellowship training characteristics at each program.RESULTS:The total number of neurosurgery fellowship positions available per year (352) is much higher than the total number of residency positions (237). Eighty-eight (75%) institutions with a neurosurgery residency offer at least 1 fellowship, and 51 of these have more fellowships than graduating residents. The resident complement at each program correlates with the number of fellowships offered (r2= .56,P< .05), and the average institutional resident complement where fellowships are offered is greater than 2 per year. Thirty-eight residencies (32%) use a PGY-6 chief model (allowing for enfolded fellowships), and these programs offer significantly more fellowship programs on average than those using a traditional PGY-7 chief model (3.0 vs 2.1,P< .05). For most subspecialties, a minority of fellowships are offered in programs with a PGY-6 chief model.CONCLUSION:The number of accredited neurosurgery subspecialty fellowship slots in the United States far exceeds the number of graduating neurosurgery residents. There is no standard for residency curriculum or enfolded fellowships, but smaller programs offer fewer opportunities for subspecialty training. There may be advantages to a uniform approach that standardizes subspecialty training across programs and matches fellowship availability to demand.