bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can healthy motivated British adults achieve the revised UK government fibre recommendations of 30 g per day? Results from a preliminary study
Authors: O’Connor Áine , Crosswaite Sophie 
Published: August 2018

Background: UK Government recommendations for dietary fibre intakes have recently increased to 30 g per day, well below current population intakes. Aim: This study aimed to explore whether the target for dietary fibre intake could be achieved and the effects on markers of cardiometabolic health. Methods: In this 4-week high-fibre intervention study, 15 participants were instructed to achieve dietary fibre intakes of 30 g/day. Results: Dietary fibre intakes significantly increased post intervention (16.0 ± 8.1 g/day, p < 0.001). No significant changes in glucose and triglyceride concentrations were observed and there was a significant increase in average body weight (0.7 ± 1.2 kg, p = 0.025). Conclusions: This study shows that achieving the new dietary fibre recommendations of 30g/day is achievable, in the short term, in a sample of British adults without any observed effect on health markers.
A Qualitative Gender Analysis of Women Field Guides’ Experiences in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare: A Feminist Social Work Perspective
Authors: Karoff Maggie Q. , Norton Christine L. , Tucker Anita R. , Gass Michael A. , Foerster Elise 
Published: August 2018

Rationale: Social work has long supported activity-based group work for young people. One such approach includes outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH), also known as wilderness therapy, which often employs nonclinical field staff to lead outdoor activities as part of the overall treatment model. Although men and women both serve as field guides, the culture of OBH has historically been male-dominated, at times obscuring the voices and perspectives of female staff in the field. For this reason, a feminist social work lens was employed in order to engage in a qualitative gender analysis of women field guides’ experiences in OBH. Methods: Focus groups were used in this study to better understand gender as experienced by individuals who identify as women working as field guides in OBH. Findings: Results indicated that women experienced gender at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and program levels in ways that contributed to both empowerment and obstacles to leadership roles and longevity in the field. Identified needs included training for all staff on gender, women in leadership roles, and all women’s spaces. Practice Considerations: Implications for social work practice are discussed, aimed at supporting women’s development and creating work environments most conducive to learning and growth for staff and clients alike.
Trends and Predictors of Palliative Care Referrals in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Patel Brijesh , Secheresiu Paul , Shah Mahek , Racharla Lekha , Alsalem Ahmad B. , Agarwal Manyoo , Tripathi Byomesh , Sablani Naveen , Garg Lohit , Patil Shantanu , Islam Nauman , Ray Daniel , Ogunniyi Modele O. , Freudenberger Ron 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To determine the rate and predictors of palliative care referral (PCR) in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Introduction: The PCR is commonly utilized in terminal conditions such as metastatic cancers. There is no data on trends and predictors from large-scale registry of general population regarding PCR in patients with AHF. Methods: For this retrospective study, data were obtained from National Inpatient Sample Database from 2010 to 2014. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes to identify cases with a principle diagnosis of AHF. These patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) PCR, (2) no PCR groups. We performed multivariate analysis to identify predictors of PCRs, as well as reported PCR trends from 2010 to 2014. Results: From the database, out of 37 312 324 hospitalizations, 621 947 unweighted cases with primary diagnosis of AHF were selected for further analysis. About 2.8% received PCR. From 2010 to 2014, there was an uptrend from 2.0% to 3.6% for PCR. Metastatic cancer, ventilator-dependent respiratory failure, and cardiogenic shock were strongly associated with PCR. Those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and African American or other races were negative predictors for PCR. In the PCR group, 31.4% of patients died during hospitalization. Conclusion: Palliative care referrals were made in a very small proportion of patients with AHF. We observed steady rise in the PCR utilization. Chronic conditions, advancing age, and high-risk patients were major predictors of PCR.
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced parental health–related quality of life and family functioning
Authors: O’Mahony Julia , Marrie Ruth Ann , Laporte Audrey , Bar-Or Amit , Yeh E Ann , Brown Adalsteinn , Dilenge Marie-Emmanuelle , Banwell Brenda 
Published: August 2018

Background: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) during childhood has the potential to impact the affected child’s self-perception and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the family. Objective: To evaluate the impact of chronic disease, in children ascertained as having MS and their families, when compared to those with monophasic acquired demyelinating syndrome (monoADS). Methods: In a national prospective cohort study of pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), the HRQoL of children and their families was captured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Modules. Results: Participants (58 MS; 178 monoADS) provided cross-sectional HRQoL data a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 4.1 (2.0–6.0) years after disease onset. The HRQoL of parents of children with MS and their family functioning was lower when compared to that of parents and families of children with monoADS (both p < 0.001); parents of children with MS reported greater emotional dysfunction, worry, worse communication, and lower family functioning irrespective of clinical disease activity. Self-reports of the MS and monoADS participants did not suggest a difference in overall HRQoL or fatigue after adjusting for age of the child at the time of assessment. Conclusion: While children with MS did not self-report lower HRQoL compared to children who experienced monoADS, the diagnosis of MS during childhood was negatively associated with parental HRQoL and family functioning.
Long-term neurological, vascular, and mortality outcomes after stroke
Authors: Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Chen Shuo , Ganesh Aravind , Hill Michael D 
Published: August 2018

Background Despite improved survival and short-term (90-day) outcomes of ischemic stroke patients, only sparse data exist describing the sustained benefits of acute stroke care interventions and long-term prognosis of stroke survivors. Aim We review the contemporary literature assessing long-term (5 years or more) outcomes after stroke and acute stroke treatment. Summary of review Acute stroke unit care and intravenous thrombolysis have sustained benefits over longer follow-up, but few data exist on the long-term outcome after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). A large proportion of stroke survivors face challenges of residual disability and neuropsychiatric sequelae (especially affective disorders and epilepsy) which affects their quality of life and is associated with poorer prognosis due to increase in stroke recurrences/mortality. Nearly, a quarter of stroke survivors have a recurrent stroke at 5 years, and nearly double that at 10 years. Mortality after recurrent stroke is high, and half of the stroke survivors are deceased at 5 years after stroke and three fourth at 10 years. Long-term all-cause mortality is largely due to conditions other than stroke. Both stroke recurrence and long-term mortality are affected by several modifiable risk factors, and thus amenable to secondary prevention strategies. Conclusions There is a need for studies reporting longer term effects of acute interventions, especially EVT. Better preventive strategies are warranted to reduce the vascular and non-vascular mortality long after stroke.
Efficacy and safety of thrombus aspiration in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Taglieri Nevio , Bacchi Reggiani Maria Letizia , Ghetti Gabriele , Saia Francesco , Compagnone Miriam , Lanati Gianluca , Di Dio Maria Teresa , Bruno Antonio , Bruno Matteo , Della Riva Diego , Corsini Anna , Narducci Riccardo , Rapezzi Claudio 
Published: August 2018

Background: The role of thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction remains controversial. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of 25 randomised controlled trials in which 21,740 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients were randomly assigned to thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Study endpoints were: death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and stroke. Results: On pooled analysis, the risk of death (4.3% vs. 4.8%, odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.03; P=0.123), myocardial infarction (2.4% vs. 2.5%, OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80–1.13; P=0.57) and stent thrombosis (1.3% vs. 1.6%, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63–1.01; P=0.066) was similar between thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention and primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The risk of stroke was higher in the thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention than the primary percutaneous coronary intervention group (0.84% vs. 0.59%, OR 1.401, 95% CI 1.004–1.954; P=0.047). However, on sensitivity analysis after removing the TOTAL trial, thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention was not associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.58–1.78). The weak association between thrombus aspiration and stroke was also confirmed by the fact that the lower bound of the 95% CI was slightly below unity after removing either the study by Kaltoft or the ITTI trial. There was no interaction between the main study results and follow-up, evidence of coronary thrombus, or study sample size. Conclusions: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis. Thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, this latter finding appears weak.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolic Events in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Nazareth Alexander , D’Oro Anthony , Liu John C. , Schoell Kyle , Heindel Patrick , Jakoi Andre , Hah Raymond , Wang Jeffrey C. , Buser Zorica 
Published: August 2018

Study Design: Retrospective, database study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors associated with venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) after lumbar spine surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent lumbar surgery between 2007 and 2014 were identified using the Humana within PearlDiver database. ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision) diagnosis codes were used to search for the incidence of VTEs among surgery types, patient demographics and comorbidities. Complications including DVT and PE were queried each day from the day of surgery to postoperative day 7 and for periods 0 to 1 week, 0 to 1 month, 0 to 2 months, and 0 to 3 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 64 892 patients within the Humana insurance database received lumbar surgery between 2007 and 2014. Overall VTE rate was 0.9% at 1 week, 1.8% at 1 month, and 2.6% at 3 months postoperatively. Among patients that developed a VTE within 1 week postoperatively, 45.3% had a VTE on the day of surgery. Patients with 1 or more identified risk factors had a VTE incidence of 2.73%, compared with 0.95% for patients without risk factors ( P < .001). Risk factors associated with the highest VTE incidence and odds ratios (ORs) were primary coagulation disorder (10.01%, OR 4.33), extremity paralysis (7.49%, OR 2.96), central venous line (6.70%, OR 2.87), and varicose veins (6.51%, OR 2.58). Conclusions: This study identified several patient comorbidities that were independent predictors of postoperative VTE occurrence after lumbar surgery. Clinical VTE risk assessment may improve with increased focus toward patient comorbidities rather than surgery type or patient demographics.
Psychological interventions for bipolar disorder in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review
Authors: Demissie Mekdes , Hanlon Charlotte , Birhane Rahel , Ng Lauren , Medhin Girmay , Fekadu Abebaw 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAdjunctive psychological interventions for bipolar disorder have demonstrated better efficacy in preventing or delaying relapse and improving outcomes compared with pharmacotherapy alone.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar disorder in low- and middle-income countries.MethodA systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane database for systematic review, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Latin America and Caribbean Center on Health Science Literature and African Journals Online databases with no restriction of language or year of publication. Methodological heterogeneity of studies precluded meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 18 adjunctive studies were identified: psychoeducation (n = 14), family intervention (n = 1), group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) (n = 2) and group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) (n = 1). In total, 16 of the 18 studies were from upper-middle-income countries and none from low-income countries. All used mental health specialists or experienced therapists to deliver the intervention. Most of the studies have moderately high risk of bias. Psychoeducation improved treatment adherence, knowledge of and attitudes towards bipolar disorder and quality of life, and led to decreased relapse rates and hospital admissions. Family psychoeducation prevented relapse, decreased hospital admissions and improved medication adherence. CBT reduced both depressive and manic symptoms. MBCT reduced emotional dysregulation.ConclusionsAdjunctive psychological interventions alongside pharmacotherapy appear to improve the clinical outcome and quality of life of people with bipolar disorder in middle-income countries. Further studies are required to investigate contextual adaptation and the role of non-specialists in the provision of psychological interventions to ensure scalability and the efficacy of these interventions in low-income country settings.Declaration of interestNone.
Sidestep-induced neuromuscular miswiring causes severe locomotion defects in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Kinold Jaqueline C. , Pfarr Carsten , Aberle Hermann 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Mutations in motor axon guidance molecules cause aberrant projection patterns of motor nerves. As most studies in Drosophila have analysed these molecules in fixed embryos, the consequences for larval locomotion are entirely unexplored. Here, we took advantage of sidestep (side)-mutant larvae that display severe locomotion defects because of irreparable innervation errors. Mutations in side affected all motor nerve branches and all body wall regions. Innervation defects were non-stereotypical, showing unique innervation patterns in each hemisegment. Premature activation of Side in muscle precursors abrogated dorsal migration of motor nerves, resulting in larvae with a complete loss of neuromuscular junctions on dorsal-most muscles. High-speed videography showed that these larvae failed to maintain substrate contact and inappropriately raised both head and tail segments above the substrate, resulting in unique ‘arching’ and ‘lifting’ phenotypes. These results show that guidance errors in side mutants are maintained throughout larval life and are asymmetrical with respect to the bilateral body axis. Together with similar findings in mice, this study also suggests that miswiring could be an underlying cause of inherited movement disorders.
Differences in Hip and Knee Landing Moments across Female Pubertal Development
Authors: SAYER TIMOTHY A. , HINMAN RANA S. , PATERSON KADE L. , BENNELL KIM L. , FORTIN KARINE , TIMMI ALESSANDRO , PIVONKA PETER , BRYANT ADAM L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The higher prevalence of knee injuries among adolescent females may be related to female pubertal development. The aim of this study was to determine whether girls exhibit higher triplanar knee and hip moments with more advanced pubertal development during a single-limb landing.

Methods
Lower-limb biomechanics of 93 females grouped according to prepubertal (n = 31), early/midpubertal (n = 31) and late/postpubertal (n = 31) development performed a single-limb drop lateral jump. Peak triplanar knee moments and hip moments at the time of peak knee moments were derived from a Vicon motion analysis system and concealed force plate. Joint moments were normalized to body mass (N·m·kg−1), height (N·m·kg−1·m−1) and body mass by height (N·m·kg−1·m−1). Between-group differences were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Pearson correlations used to explore relationships between joint moments and anthropometrics.

Results
Girls at latter stages of puberty landed with higher triplanar knee moments and hip flexion moment at time of peak knee flexion moment when normalized separately to body mass and to height (P < 0.05). In contrast, hip internal rotation moments at time of peak knee internal rotation moment normalized to body mass and to body mass by height were lower in late/postpubertal girls compared to their early/midpubescent (P = 0.01) and prepubescent (P = 0.01) counterparts. Positive correlations were identified between triplanar knee moments and body mass (r = 0.73–0.91, P < 0.001) and height (r = 0.61–0.89, P < 0.001) for all participants.

Conclusions
Higher triplanar knee and sagittal plane hip moments with more advanced pubertal stage is attributed to growth-related increases in body mass and height. Given that growth is a crucial element of puberty, further research is required to quantify the impact of pubertal growth-related changes on risk of adolescent female anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor: comparison of performance in supine vs left lateral body position
Authors: Schawkat Khoschy , Pfister Bettina , Parker Helen , Heinrich Henriette , Barth Borna K , Weishaupt Dominik , Fox Mark , Reiner Caecilia S 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To investigate the performance of MR-defecography (MRD) in lateral body position as an alternative to supine position.

Methods:
22 consecutive patients (16 females; mean age 51 ± 19.4) with obstructed defecation and 20 healthy volunteers (11 females; mean age 33.4 ± 11.5) underwent MRD in a closed-configuration 3T-MRI in supine and lateral position. MRD included T 2 weighted images at rest and during defecation after filling the rectum with 250 ml water-based gel. Measurements were performed in reference to the pubococcygeal line and grade of evacuation was assessed. Image quality (IQ) was rated on a 5-point-scale (5 = excellent).

Results:
In patients grades of middle and posterior compartment descent were similar in both body positions (p &gt; 0.05). Grades of anterior compartment descent were significantly higher in lateral position (21/22 vs 17/22 patients with normal or small descent, p &lt; 0.034). In volunteers grades of descent were similar for all compartments in supine and lateral position (p &gt; 0.05). When attempting to defecate in supine position 6/22 (27%) patients showed no evacuation, while in lateral position only 3/22 (14%) were not able to evacuate. IQ in patients was equal at rest (4.4 ± 0.5 and 4.7 ± 0.6, p &gt; 0.05) and slightly better in supine compared to the lateral position during defecation (4.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.9 ± 0.9, p &lt; 0.017). IQ in volunteers was equal in supine and lateral position (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
In lateral position, more patients were able to evacuate with similar grades of pelvic floor descent compared to supine position. MRD in lateral position may be a valuable alternative for patients unable to defecate in supine position.

Advances in knowledge:
In lateral position, more patients were able to evacuate during MRD. MRD in lateral position may be an alternative for patients unable to defecate in supine position.
Sulettaria: A new ginger genus disjunct from Elettaria cardamomum
Authors: Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Båserud Mathisen Helena , Newman Mark F. , Ardiyani Marlina , Lofthusi Øystein , Sletten Bjoråi Charlotte 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 1950, Holttum placed species from Malaysia in the cardamom genus, Elettaria, while noting that they may, in fact, belong elsewhere in the tribe Alpinieae. We tested this hypothesis applying phylogenetic methods using nuclear ITS and At103, and plastid matK, ndhF and trnL-F sequences from several samples of the genus. In the resulting molecular phylogeny, these samples appeared in three separate places of the Alpinieae. Elettaria s.str. is endemic in India and Sri Lanka while all species from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo are placed in a new genus, Sulettaria which, furthermore, includes six species with basionyms in Amomum, A. kandariense from Sulawesi and the other five from Borneo. Fifteen new combinations are made, an identification key provided and lectotypes designated for three species. Plants labelled as cardamom and exhibited in some botanic gardens have been misidentified and represent a species in the Alpinia zerumbet clade.
Clearinghouse Margin Requirements
Authors: Capponi Agostino , Cheng W. Allen 
Published: August 2018

We model the decision problem faced by a profit-maximizing clearinghouse, which sets fee and margin requirements for heterogeneous traders who may default. We capture the main trade-offs underpinning the clearinghouse’s choices: higher fee and better default protection come at the cost of decreased market volume. We show that the equilibrium margin requirements are determined not only by price volatility but also by trader fundamentals and funding costs. Our results (i) explain why margins are often comparatively high relative to fees and daily price movements; (ii) capture the “term-structure” of margins, in particular that some long maturity futures contracts tend to have lower margins; and (iii) predict high sensitivity of margins to funding costs. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1742 .
Permittivity Study of a CuCl Residue at 13–450 °C and Elucidation of the Microwave Intensification Mechanism for Its Dechlorination
Authors: Zhanyong Guo , Fachaung Li , Guang Su , Demei Zhai , Fang Cheng , Shaohua Ju , Jinhui Peng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Permittivity is a vitally important parameter for describing the absorbing and heating characteristics of a material under microwave irradiation, and it is also strongly dependent on temperature. However, the literature contains little information on this topic and even less particular permittivity data at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the permittivity of a CuCl residue at temperatures from 13 to 450 °C at 2.45 GHz was measured using the cavity perturbation method. The relationship of its real part (ε′) and imaginary part (ε″) with temperature (T) was deduced. In addition, the temperature-dependent tangent (tan δ) and the penetration depth (d) of microwaves into the material were calculated. The results of the permittivity study show that the dielectric constant (ε′) of the CuCl residue increased linearly with increasing temperature. In contrast, the dielectric loss factor (ε″) and loss tangent first maintained on a steady value between 13 and 300 °C and then substantially increased from 300 to 450 °C. The positive interaction of the dielectric property and temperature showed the reasonableness of our earlier metallurgy process, where the CuCl residue for dechlorination was roasted at 350–450 °C under microwave irradiation.