bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiologic childbirth and active management of the third stage of labor: A latent class model of risk for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Erickson Elise N. , Lee Christopher S. , Grose Emily , Emeis Cathy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a threat to maternal mortality worldwide. Evidence supports active management of third stage labor (AMTSL) for preventing PPH. However, trials of AMTSL include women at varying risk levels, such as women undergoing physiologic labor and those with labor complications. Counseling women about their risk for PPH and AMTSL is difficult as many women who appear low‐risk can still have PPH.MethodsThis study uses outcomes of 2322 vaginal births from a hospital midwifery service in the United States to examine risks for PPH and effectiveness of AMTSL. Using a latent class analysis approach, physiologic birth practices and other risk factors for PPH were analyzed to understand if discrete classes of clinical characteristics would emerge. The effect of AMTSL on the PPH outcome was also considered by class.ResultsA four‐class solution best fit the data; each class was clinically distinct. The two largest Classes (A and B) represented women with term births and lower average parity, with higher rates of nulliparity in Class B. Class A women had more physiologic birth elements and less labor induction or labor dysfunction compared with Class B. PPH and AMTSL use was higher in Class B. In Class B, AMTSL lowered risk for PPH. However, in Class A, AMTSL was associated with higher risk for PPH and delayed placental delivery (>30 minutes).DiscussionAMTSL may not be as beneficial to women undergoing physiologic birth. Further study of the etiology of PPH in these women is indicated to inform preventive care.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 3 overexpression promotes gastric carcinogenesis and is predictive of poor patient prognosis
Authors: Fang Chia‐Lang , Lin Chih‐Chan , Chen Han‐Kun , Hseu You‐Cheng , Hung Shih‐Ting , Sun Ding‐Ping , Uen Yih‐Huei , Lin Kai‐Yuan 
Published: August 2018

Although gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, knowledge of its development and carcinogenesis is limited. To date, expression of ubiquitin‐specific protease 3 (USP3) in all types of cancer, including GC, is still unknown. The present study explored the involvement of USP3 in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of GC. We measured USP3 expression in normal and GC tissues and cell lines. Correlations between USP3 protein level and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the significance of USP3 protein level for disease‐free survival were assessed. Small hairpin RNA technology and transfection were used to investigate the effect of USP3 manipulation on cell proliferation and spreading. Moreover, xenograft proliferation and metastasis were used to explore the influence of USP3 on tumor growth and metastasis in animals. An increase in USP3 expression was observed in GC cells and tissues. The overexpression of USP3 was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological parameters and poor disease‐free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the overexpression of USP3 was an independent prognostic biomarker. Silencing of USP3 suppressed GC cell proliferation and spreading in vitro as well as xenograft proliferation and metastasis in vivo; however, opposite results were obtained when USP3 was overexpressed. Further studies showed that USP3 influenced cell proliferation and spreading by regulating the cell cycle control‐ and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related molecules. This study suggests that USP3 overexpression can be a useful biomarker for predicting the outcomes of GC patients and that USP3 targeting represents a potential modality for treating GC.
Precision of digital implant models compared to conventional implant models for posterior single implant crowns: A within‐subject comparison
Authors: Mühlemann Sven , Greter Elena A. , Park Ji‐Man , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo calculate the precision of the implant analog position in digital models generated from different computer‐assisted design and computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) systems compared to gypsum models acquired from conventional implant impressions.Materials and methodsIn five patients in need of a single implant crown, a within‐subject comparison was performed applying four different manufacturing processes for the implant model. Each implant was scanned with three different intraoral scanners: iTero Cadent (ITE), Lava True Definition (LTD), and Trios 3Shape (TRI). All digital implant models were fabricated using the corresponding certified CAD‐CAM workflow. In addition, a conventional impression was taken (CON) and a gypsum model fabricated. Three consecutive impressions were acquired with each impression system. Following fabrication, all implant models were scanned. The datasets were aligned by a repeated best‐fit algorithm and the precision for the implant analog and the adjacent teeth was measured. The precision served as a measure for reproducibility.ResultsMean precision values of the implant analog in the digital models were 57.2 ± 32.6 µm (ITE), 88.6 ± 46.0 µm (TRI), and 176.7 ± 120.4 µm (LTD). Group CON (32.7 ± 11.6 µm) demonstrated a statistically significantly lower mean precision value for the implant position in the implant model as compared to all other groups representing a high reproducibility. The mean precision values for the reference ranged between 31.4 ± 3.5 µm (TRI) and 39.5 ± 16.5 µm (ITE). No statistical significant difference was calculated between the four treatment groups.ConclusionsThe conventional implant model represented the greatest reproducibility of the implant position. Digital implant models demonstrated less precision compared to the conventional workflow.
Long‐term demographic and genetic effects of releasing captive‐born individuals into the wild
Authors: Willoughby Janna R. , Christie Mark R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBecause of continued habitat destruction and species extirpations, the need to use captive breeding for conservation purposes has been increasing steadily. However, the long‐term demographic and genetic effects associated with releasing captive‐born individuals with varied life histories into the wild remain largely unknown. To address this question, we developed forward‐time, agent‐based models for 4 species with long‐running captive‐breeding and release programs: coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and Whooping Crane (Grus americana). We measured the effects of supplementation by comparing population size and neutral genetic diversity in supplemented populations to the same characteristics in unaltered populations 100 years after supplementation ended. Releasing even slightly less fit captive‐born individuals to supplement wild populations typically resulted in reductions in population sizes and genetic diversity over the long term when the fitness reductions were heritable (i.e., due to genetic adaptation to captivity) and populations continued to be regulated by density‐dependent mechanisms over time. Negative effects for species with longer life spans and lower rates of population replacement were smaller than for species with shorter life spans and higher rates of population replacement. Programs that released captive‐born individuals over fewer years or that avoided breeding individuals with captive ancestry had smaller reductions in population size and genetic diversity over the long term. Relying on selection in the wild to remove individuals with reduced fitness mitigated some negative demographic effects, but at a substantial cost to neutral genetic diversity. Our results suggest that conservation‐focused captive‐breeding programs should take measures to prevent even small amounts of genetic adaptation to captivity, quantitatively determine the minimum number of captive‐born individuals to release each year, and fully account for the interactions among genetic adaptation to captivity, population regulation, and life‐history variation.
Drivers of chaparral type conversion to herbaceous vegetation in coastal Southern California
Authors: Syphard Alexandra D. , Brennan Teresa J. , Keeley Jon E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimIn Southern California, native woody shrublands known as chaparral support exceptional biodiversity. However, large‐scale conversion of chaparral into largely exotic herbaceous cover is a major ecological threat and serious conservation concern. Due to substantial uncertainty regarding the causes and extent of this vegetation change, we aimed to quantify the primary drivers of and map potentially vulnerable locations for vegetation type conversion from woody into herbaceous cover.LocationSanta Monica Mountains National Recreational Area, Southern California, USA.MethodsWe used air photograph image interpretation to quantify the extent to which chaparral shrublands transitioned to herbaceous cover from 1943 to 2014 across nearly 800 randomly located plots. Comparing plots that remained chaparral to those that converted to herbaceous cover, we performed hierarchical partitioning to quantify the independent contribution of a range of explanatory variables, and then used classification trees to explore variable interactions. We also developed a spatial model to create a seamless map delineating relative probability of type conversion.ResultsOf the original plots that were chaparral in 1943, 284 (36%) changed cover by 2014, with 79 completely converting, and 142 mostly converting to herbaceous cover. The primary mechanism behind shrubland decline and replacement was short intervals between fires (<=10 years), and type conversion was most likely to occur in arid parts of the landscape with low topographic heterogeneity and close proximity to trails and roads. Predictive maps delineated several hotspots with environmental conditions similar to those of type‐converted plots.Main conclusionsChaparral type conversion is a widespread conservation concern, and results here suggest that short‐interval fire and landscape disturbance are the most likely factors to exacerbate it, particularly in water‐limited portions of the landscape where chaparral is subject to greater physiological stress and slower recovery. Reducing fire ignitions and mapping vulnerable areas may be important strategies for prevention.
Telemetry reveals existing marine protected areas are worse than random for protecting the foraging habitat of threatened shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta)
Authors: Mason Claire , Alderman Rachael , McGowan Jennifer , Possingham Hugh P. , Hobday Alistair J. , Sumner Michael , Shaw Justine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of marine reserves in Australia for shy albatross, using long‐term tracking data.LocationAlbatross Island, Tasmania, and south Australian waters.MethodsWe integrated a tracking dataset consisting of 111 individuals collected over 23 years and generated Brownian bridge kernel density estimations to identify important habitat. We quantified the overlap between the foraging distribution of early incubating adults and post‐fledgling juveniles with management boundaries and marine reserves. We compared the extent of coverage of albatross foraging areas by Marine Protection Areas (MPAs) relative to a randomly designed network of the same size to determine whether the spatial protection measures are likely to be effective.ResultsIncubating adults consistently foraged in waters to the northwest of Tasmania while post‐fledglings occupied shelf waters around Tasmania and South Australia. We show that our sample of 99 incubating adults adequately represented the population but that our sample of 12 post‐fledgling birds was insufficient, thereby limiting the confidence in our results for this life stage. The Commonwealth Government has the majority of management responsibility for shy albatross at‐sea, containing 88% and 90% of the area occupied most intensively by adult and post‐fledgling shy albatross, respectively. Randomly designed reserve networks outperformed the current MPA network for both life stages, such that the mean protection by a random reserve system was 30% and 12% higher than the actual protection for adults and juveniles in Commonwealth waters.Main conclusionsImportant foraging habitat of shy albatross from Albatross Island is mostly within Commonwealth‐managed waters. The current MPA network, the only spatial protection measure for shy albatross, provides less coverage for this species than a randomly placed network. An increase in the representation of productive shelf waters in MPA networks would benefit the conservation of shy albatross through reducing fisheries interactions and protecting habitat in these regions.
Effect of visual stimuli of pain on empathy brain network in people with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lassalle Amandine , Zürcher Nicole R. , Hippolyte Loyse , Billstedt Eva , Porro Carlo A. , Benuzzi Francesca , Solomon Patricia , Prkachin Kenneth M. , Lemonnier Eric , Gillberg Christopher , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Hadjikhani Nouchine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe extent to which affective empathy is impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains unclear, as some—but not all—previous neuroimaging studies investigating empathy for pain in ASD have shown similar activation levels to those of neurotypicals individuals. These inconsistent results could be due to the use of different empathy‐eliciting stimuli. While some studies used pictures of faces exhibiting a painful expression, others used pictures of limbs in painful situations. In this study, we used fMRI to compare activation in areas associated with empathy processing (empathy network) for these two types of stimuli in 31 participants (16 with ASD, 15 controls). We found a group difference in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the thalamus when participants viewed stimuli of limbs in painful situations, but not when they viewed face stimuli with a painful expression. Both groups of participants activated their empathy network more when viewing pictures of limbs in painful situations than when viewing pictures of faces with a painful expression; this increased activation for limbs versus faces was significantly enhanced in controls relative to ASD participants, especially in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). Our findings suggest that empathy defect of people with ASD is contingent upon the type of stimuli used, and may be related to the level of Mirror Neuron System involvement, as brain regions showing group differences (IFG, SII) underlie embodiment. We discuss the potential clinical implications of our findings in terms of developing interventions boosting the empathetic abilities of people with ASD.
How to ensure threatened species monitoring leads to threatened species conservation
Authors: Robinson Natasha M. , Scheele Ben C. , Legge Sarah , Southwell Darren M. , Carter Oberon , Lintermans Mark , Radford James Q. , Skroblin Anja , Dickman Chris R. , Koleck Jessica , Wayne Adrian F. , Kanowski John , Gillespie Graeme R. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMonitoring is essential for effective conservation and management of threatened species and ecological communities. However, more often than not, threatened species monitoring is poorly implemented, meaning that conservation decisions are not informed by the best available knowledge. We outline challenges and provide best‐practice guidelines for threatened species monitoring, informed by the diverse perspectives of 26 conservation managers and scientists from a range of organisations with expertise across Australian species and ecosystems. Our collective expertise synthesised five key principles that aim to enhance the design, implementation and outcomes of threatened species monitoring. These principles are (i) integrate monitoring with management; (ii) design fit‐for‐purpose monitoring programs; (iii) engage people and organisations; (iv) ensure good data management; and (v) communicate the value of monitoring. We describe how to incorporate these principles into existing frameworks to improve current and future monitoring programs. Effective monitoring is essential to inform appropriate management and enable better conservation outcomes for our most vulnerable species and ecological communities.
Restless legs syndrome is associated with headache‐related disabilities in patients with migraine: a prospective 7‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Suzuki K. , Suzuki S. , Haruyama Y. , Kobashi G. , Shiina T. , Hirata K. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeNo prospective study has evaluated the impact of restless legs syndrome (RLS) on clinical factors in patients with migraine. We planned a prospective study to assess the impact of RLS comorbid status on clinical factors in patients with migraine.MethodsA total of 101 patients with migraine who were evaluated for RLS twice at 7‐year intervals in a university hospital setting were included in this study. The RLS group was defined as positive for RLS at either baseline or follow‐up and the non‐RLS group was defined as negative for RLS at both baseline and follow‐up. The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were administered to all patients.ResultsThe RLS prevalence was 16.8% at baseline and 20.8% at follow‐up. Compared with the non‐RLS group (n = 27), the RLS group (n = 74) showed a significantly higher rate of smoking and higher MIDAS and BDI‐II scores at 7‐year follow‐up. A significant reduction in MIDAS and BDI‐II scores at 7‐year follow‐up compared with those at baseline was observed in the non‐RLS group, but not in the RLS group. The non‐RLS group showed a significantly lower MIDAS score at 7‐year follow‐up than the RLS group after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, gender, smoking status, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and PSQI scores using analysis of covariance. The persistent RLS group (n = 11) (positive for RLS at both baseline and follow‐up) showed a significantly higher rate of smoking and increased MIDAS, BDI‐II and PSQI scores compared with the non‐RLS group (n = 74) at 7‐year follow‐up.ConclusionOur prospective study showed that RLS had a significant impact on headache‐related disability in patients with migraine.
Quality of life improvements in patients with cervical dystonia following treatment with a liquid formulation of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®)
Authors: Simonetta‐Moreau M. , Picaut P. , Volteau M. , Poewe W. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeIn patients with cervical dystonia, abobotulinumtoxinA solution for injection (ASI) has been shown to be similarly effective to freeze‐dried abobotulinumtoxinA in reducing Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total scores. In this secondary analysis, quality of life data as evaluated with the Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (CDIP‐58) are presented.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, randomized, active and placebo‐controlled study followed by an open‐label extension (NCT01261611). In the double‐blind phase, patients were randomized (3:3:1) to one cycle of ASI 500 U (n = 156), abobotulinumtoxinA 500 U (n = 159) or placebo (n = 54). Following the double‐blind phase, all patients received open‐label ASI for up to four cycles.ResultsThe CDIP‐58 total scores were significantly improved at week 4 of the double‐blind phase in both the ASI 500 U and abobotulinumtoxinA 500 U groups versus placebo [least squares mean change from baseline of −9.5 (−11.51, −7.45) and −11.2 (−13.2, −9.26) vs. −0.9 (−4.04, 2.14), respectively; both P < 0.0001 vs. placebo]. All CDIP‐58 domains contributed to this improvement and benefits were maintained across open‐label treatment. Positive correlations were observed between CDIP‐58 total score and all three TWSTRS domains (R = 0.42–0.62) and for all CDIP‐58 subscales with the TWSTRS total score and domains (R = 0.23–0.60).ConclusionsRepeat ASI injections are similarly effective to abobotulinumtoxinA in improving patient‐reported outcomes of health‐related quality of life. Positive correlations were found between TWSTRS total and domain scores and CDIP‐58 total and domain scores.
Natural selection on plasticity of thermal traits in a highly seasonal environment
Authors: Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Gaitán‐Espitia Juan D. , Barria Aura M. , Gonzalez‐Mendez Avia , Ruiz‐Aravena Manuel , Trinder Mark , Sinervo Barry 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor ectothermic species with broad geographical distributions, latitudinal/altitudinal variation in environmental temperatures (averages and extremes) is expected to shape the evolution of physiological tolerances and the acclimation capacity (i.e., degree of phenotypic plasticity) of natural populations. This can create geographical gradients of selection in which environments with greater thermal variability (e.g., seasonality) tend to favor individuals that maximize performance across a broader range of temperatures compared to more stable environments. Although thermal acclimation capacity plays a fundamental role in this context, it is unknown whether natural selection targets this trait in natural populations. Additionally, understanding whether and how selection acts on thermal physiological plasticity is also highly relevant to climate change and biological conservation. Here, we addressed such an important gap in our knowledge in the northernmost population of the four‐eyed frog, Pleurodema thaul. We measured plastic responses of critical thermal limits for activity, behavioral thermal preference, and thermal sensitivity of metabolism to acclimation at 10 and 20°C. We monitored survival during three separate recapture efforts and used mark‐recapture integrated into an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate the relationship between survivals as a function of the plasticity of thermal traits. Overall, we found no evidence that thermal acclimation in this population is being targeted by directional selection, although there might be signals of selection on individual traits. According to the most supported models, survival increased in individuals with higher tolerance to cold when cold‐acclimated, probably because daily low extremes are frequent during the cooler periods of the year. Furthermore, survival increased with body size. However, in both cases, the directional selection estimates were nonsignificant, and the constraints of our experimental design prevented us from evaluating more complex models (i.e., nonlinear selection).