bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of PoNDER health visitor training for mothers at lower risk of depression: findings on prevention of postnatal depression from a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Henderson Catherine , Dixon Simon , Bauer Annette , Knapp Martin , Morrell C. Jane , Slade Pauline , Walters Stephen J. , Brugha Traolach 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence for the cost-effectiveness of health visitor (HV) training to assess postnatal depression (PND) and deliver psychological approaches to women at risk of depression. Whether this approach is cost-effective for lower-risk women is unknown. There is a need to know the cost of HV-delivered universal provision, and how much it might cost to improve health-related quality of life for postnatal women. A sub-study of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in the former Trent region (England) previously investigated the effectiveness of PoNDER HV training in mothers at lower risk of PND. We conducted a parallel cost-effectiveness analysis at 6-months postnatal for all mothers with lower-risk status attributed to an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score <12 at 6-weeks postnatal.MethodsIntervention HVs were trained in assessment and cognitive behavioural or person-centred psychological support techniques to prevent depression. Outcomes examined: quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gains over the period between 6 weeks and 6 months derived from SF-6D (from SF-36); risk-of-depression at 6 months (dichotomising 6-month EPDS scores into lower risk (<12) and at-risk (⩾12).ResultsIn lower-risk women, 1474 intervention (63 clusters) and 767 control participants (37 clusters) had valid 6-week and 6-month EPDS scores. Costs and outcomes data were available for 1459 participants. 6-month adjusted costs were £82 lower in intervention than control groups, with 0.002 additional QALY gained. The probability of cost-effectiveness at £20 000 was very high (99%).ConclusionsPoNDER HV training was highly cost-effective in preventing symptoms of PND in a population of lower-risk women and cost-reducing over 6 months.
Not all folk-economic beliefs are best understood through our ancestral past
Authors: Bhattacharjee Amit , Dana Jason 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe applaud Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) approach to a fascinating topic. Their arguments against understanding folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) in terms of economic ignorance or specific biases, however, are overly pessimistic. Economic theory is the reason beliefs about such disparate phenomena are labeled “economic” and “folk.” More importantly, some FEBs are better understood by examining current rather than ancestral contexts of exchange.
Partisan elites shape citizens' economic beliefs
Authors: Bisgaard Martin , Slothuus Rune 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCompetition between political parties is a fundamental feature of democratic politics, but it is underplayed in the target article. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of “folk-economic beliefs” (FEBs) must consider the ability of partisan elites to both shape citizens' economic beliefs and connect them to political choices. We review recent empirical findings supporting this theoretical perspective.
Challenges of folk-economic beliefs: Coverage, level of abstraction, and relation to ideology
Authors: Buturovic Zeljka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere are no clear criteria regarding what kind of beliefs should count as folk-economic beliefs (FEBs), or any way to make an exhaustive list that could be filtered through such criteria. This allows the target article authors, Boyer & Petersen, to cherry-pick FEBs, which results in the omission of some well-established FEBs. The authors do not sufficiently address a strong relationship between ideology and FEBs.
How does “emporiophobia” develop?
Authors: Echelbarger Margaret , Gelman Susan A. , Kalish Charles W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBoyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary approach to folk-economic beliefs is insightful, with far-reaching implications. We add to their discussion by positing a complementary developmental approach to the study of “emporiophobia” – studying children whose behaviors provide insight into developmental origins. We hypothesize that emporiophobia emerges early in childhood through proximal mechanisms and propose that emporiophobia develops alongside emporiophilia.
Corrective policy reactions: positive and negative budgetary punctuations
Authors: Flink Carla M. , Robinson Scott E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPunctuated equilibrium theory seeks to explain policy volatility and stability in government attention. In previous research into the temporal dynamics of punctuations, scholars found that punctuations occur in clusters – a recent budgetary punctuation increases the likelihood of a subsequent punctuation. This article examines the direction, positive or negative, of budgetary punctuations over time. Are budgetary punctuations corrective, grouping positive and negative changes? Or, do budgetary punctuations occur in cumulative trends of positive or negative changes? These questions address the heart of the theoretical metaphor for punctuated equilibrium. In an analysis of over 1,000 Texas school districts for nearly a 20-year-period, results support the notion of reactive patterns of budgetary punctuations – positive and negative budgetary punctuations pair up at a rate much higher than expected by chance. The findings demonstrate that even though it is likely to see consecutive positive and negative punctuations, they are not always fully corrective.
Nursing Homes Without Walls for Aging in Place
Authors: Dupuis-Blanchard Suzanne , Gould Odette N. 
Published: August 2018

RÉSUMÉÉtant donné l’urgence de trouver des solutions innovantes et efficientes pour la prestation de services communautaires favorisant le «vieillir chez soi», il est nécessaire d’identifier de nouvelles solutions mettant à profit les infrastructures existantes. Dans la présente étude séquentielle à méthode mixte, nous avons exploré le rôle que les centres d’hébergement pour personnes âgées pourraient jouer dans l’offre de services destinés à une population cible non traditionnelle, soit les aînés avec pertes d’autonomie vivant dans la communauté. Quarante-deux (n=42) centres d’hébergement pour personnes âgées du Nouveau-Brunswick ont complété un sondage en ligne et 10 de ces établissements ont accepté d’accorder des entretiens. Les résultats montrent que 100 % des participants sont d’avis que les centres d’hébergement pourraient offrir des services aux personnes âgées dans la communauté afin de favoriser le vieillir chez soi. Les résultats suggèrent que les centres d’hébergement peuvent apporter des solutions efficientes et innovantes en ce sens.
Deletion of 22q11 chromosome is associated with postoperative morbidity after unifocalisation surgery
Authors: Koth Andrew , Sidell Doug , Bauser-Heaton Holly , Wise-Faberowski Lisa , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B. , Asija Ritu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundA 22q11 chromosome deletion is common in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals. We sought to determine whether 22q11 chromosome deletion is associated with increased postoperative morbidity after unifocalisation surgery.MethodsWe included all patients with this diagnosis undergoing primary or revision unifocalisation ± ventricular septal defect closure at our institution from 2008 to 2016, and we excluded patients with unknown 22q11 status. Demographic and surgical data were collected. We compared outcomes between those with 22q11 chromosome deletion and those without using non-parametric analysis.ResultsWe included 180 patients, 41% of whom were documented to have a chromosome 22q11 deletion. Complete unifocalisation was performed in all patients, and intracardiac repair was performed with similar frequency regardless of 22q11 chromosome status. Duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in 22q11 deletion patients. This difference remained significant after adjustment for delayed sternal closure and/or intracardiac repair. Duration of ICU stay was longer in patients with 22q11 deletion, although no longer significant when adjusted for delayed sternal closure and intracardiac repair. Finally, length of hospital stay was longer in 22q11-deleted patients, but this difference was not significant on unadjusted or adjusted analysis.ConclusionChildren with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals and 22q11 deletion are at risk for greater prolonged mechanical ventilation after unifocalisation surgery. Careful attention should be given to the co-morbidities of this population in the perioperative period to mitigate risks that may complicate the postoperative course.
Successful living donor liver transplantation after stent implantation in a patient with Alagille syndrome and severe bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Akagi Kentaro , Tanaka Toshikatsu , Baba Shiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSevere pulmonary hypertension is a contraindication for liver transplantation owing to high mortality. However, decision-making regarding the treatment approach for patients with bilateral peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, typically complicated by elevated main pulmonary artery and right ventricle pressures, can be challenging. Here, we report successful living donor liver transplantation after bilateral pulmonary artery stent implantation in a patient with Alagille syndrome, severe bilateral peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, and extremely high main pulmonary artery and right ventricle pressures.
Investigation of Nighttime MSTIDS Observed by Optical Thermosphere Imagers at Low Latitudes: Morphology, Propagation Direction, and Wind Filtering
Authors: Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Takahashi H. , Wrasse C. M. , Otsuka Y. , Shiokawa K. , Barros D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent types of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) have been observed at Cachoeira Paulista (22.4°S; 45.0°W), Brazil, from June 2013 to December 2015, using airglow OI 630.0‐nm images. During the period, 58 MSTIDs were identified and classified as follows: dark band MSTIDs (around 10 events) and periodic MSTIDs (48 events). Dark band MSTIDs present phase velocity between 50 and 200 m/s and propagation direction to northwestward. On the other hand, periodic MSTIDs have phase velocity of 50 to 200 m/s, horizontal wavelengths from 80 to 160 km, periods ranging between 5 and 45 min, and propagation directions are mainly north‐northeastward. The wave parameters indicate that periodic MSTIDs have different characteristics when compared to dark band MSTIDs, suggesting that periodic MSTIDs are not generated through the well‐known Perkins and E‐F coupling instability. In addition to it, the present study indicates that the spectral characteristics found in Brazil are different from other regions such as Japan and Indonesia. Therefore, we intend to do the statistics of the wave parameters (wavelength, phase velocity, period, propagation direction, and time occurrence) and investigate the generation mechanisms of periodic MSTIDs at low to middle latitude for the first time. Furthermore, the anisotropy observed in periodic MSTID propagation direction can be explained by different mechanisms.
Extension and Dynamics of the Andes Inferred From the 2016 Parina (Huarichancara) Earthquake
Authors: Wimpenny Sam , Copley Alex , Benavente Carlos , Aguirre Enoch 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTheMw6.1 2016 Parina earthquake led to extension of the south Peruvian Andes along a normal fault with evidence of Holocene slip. We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar, seismology, and field mapping to determine a source model for this event and show that extension at Parina is oriented NE‐SW, which is parallel to the shortening direction in the adjacent sub‐Andean lowlands. In addition, we use earthquake source models and GPS data to demonstrate that shortening within the sub‐Andes is parallel to topographic gradients. Both observations imply that forces resulting from spatial variations in gravitational potential energy are important in controlling the geometry of the deformation in the Andes. We calculate the horizontal forces per unit length acting between the Andes and South America due to these potential energy contrasts to be 4–8 ×1012 N/m along strike of the mountain range. Normal faulting at Parina implies that the Andes in south Peru have reached the maximum elevation that can be supported by the forces transmitted across the adjacent foreland, which requires that the foreland faults have an effective coefficient of friction0.2. Additionally, the onset of extension in parts of the central Andes following orogen‐wide compression in the late Miocene suggests that there has been a change in the force balance within the mountains. We propose that shortening on weak detachment faults within the Andean foreland since ∼5–9 Ma reduced the shear tractions acting along the base of the upper crust in the eastern Andes, leading to extension in the highest parts of the range.
Application of Stabilized AR‐z Spectrum in Harmonic Analysis for Geophysics
Authors: Ding Hao , Chao Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe AR‐z spectrum devised in Ding and Chao (2015a) for analyzing harmonic signals (an extension of the frequency domain autoregressive AR algorithm developed by Chao and Gilbert (1980) based on Prony's method) proves to have significantly higher sensitivity and spectral resolution than the Fourier and maximum‐entropy spectra, especially when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is low. As such, it can be prone to random fluctuations in the form of spurious variances of the noise spectrum. Here we develop a stabilized AR‐z spectrum taking advantage of a Monte Carlo noise‐assisted bootstrap scheme, and demonstrate its effectiveness in obtaining more robust spectral estimates for single record. We apply the stabilized AR‐z spectrum, and compare it with the Fourier and maximum‐entropy spectra, to a number of global geophysical observables of the Earth, including the elastic free oscillations, length of day variation (ΔLOD), dynamic oblateness (ΔJ2), polar motion, Earth's nutation, and global mean sea level variation. We report the findings about hitherto unresolved fine structures, including those for the Mf and Mm tidal clusters in the ΔLOD, ΔJ2, polar motion and the Earth's nutation, and the modal splittings of the Earth's free oscillations. Furthermore, a number of long‐period signals of certain nominal periodicities are detected (or confirmed) in the stabilized AR‐z spectra, including the 6‐year signals in ΔLOD, the 18.6‐year signals expected in ΔLOD and ΔJ2, and certain quasiperiodic interannual to decadal periodicities whose origins have yet to be identified. Overall, the stabilized AR‐z spectrum demonstrates a momentous performance in the quest for numerical harmonic analysis methods.
Roles of the Ocean Mesoscale in the Horizontal Supply of Mass, Heat, Carbon, and Nutrients to the Northern Hemisphere Subtropical Gyres
Authors: Yamamoto Ayako , Palter Jaime B. , Dufour Carolina O. , Griffies Stephen M. , Bianchi Daniele , Claret Mariona , Dunne John P. , Frenger Ivy , Galbraith Eric D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHorizontal transport at the boundaries of the subtropical gyres plays a crucial role in providing the nutrients that fuel gyre primary productivity, the heat that helps restratify the surface mixed layer, and the dissolved inorganic carbon that influences air‐sea carbon exchange. Mesoscale eddies may be an important component of these horizontal transports; however, previous studies have not quantified the horizontal tracer transport due to eddies across the subtropical gyre boundaries. Here we assess the physical mechanisms that control the horizontal transport of mass, heat, nutrients, and carbon across the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical gyre boundaries using the eddy‐rich ocean component of a climate model (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.6) coupled to a simple biogeochemical model (mini‐BLING). Our results suggest that horizontal transport across the gyre boundaries supplies a substantial amount of mass and tracers to the ventilated layer of both Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres, with the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream acting as main exchange gateways. Mass, heat, and dissolved inorganic carbon supply is principally driven by the time‐mean circulation, whereas nutrient transport differs markedly from the other tracers, as nutrients are mainly supplied to both subtropical gyres by downgradient eddy mixing across gyre boundaries. A budget analysis further reveals that the horizontal nutrient transport, combining the roles of both mean and eddy components, is responsible for more than three quarters of the total nutrient supply into the subtropical gyres, surpassing a recent estimate based on a coarse‐resolution model and thus further highlighting the importance of horizontal nutrient transport.
Field Observations of Alongshore Runup Variability Under Dissipative Conditions in the Presence of a Shoreline Sandwave
Authors: Senechal Nadia , Coco Giovanni , Plant Nathaniel , Bryan Karin R. , Brown Jenna , MacMahan Jamie H. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVideo measurements of runup were collected at low tide along several profiles covering an alongshore distance of 500 m. The morphology displayed a complex shape with a shoreline sandwave in the lower beach face of about 250 m long mirrored in the inner sandbar. Wave conditions were stationary and moderate (offshore height of 2 m and peak period of nearly 13 s) but yet dissipative. Runup energy was dominated by infragravity frequencies. Alongshore variations in runup (by a factor up to 3) observed both in the incident and infragravity bands were much higher than reported previously (e.g., Guedes et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.08.022; Ruggiero et al., 2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160) while the alongshore variations in other environmental parameters (e.g., foreshore beach slope) appear to be much lower. Our data suggest that the beach morphology in the inner surf zone plays a crucial role by inducing rapid and significant modification in the incident wave pattern and the alongshore coherence length scales were consistent with the typical alongshore length scale of the morphology.
Topographic Rossby Waves in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Timmermans Mary‐Louise 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 5‐year long time series of temperature and horizontal velocity in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is analyzed with the aim of understanding the mechanism driving the observed variability on timescales of tens of days (i.e., subinertial). We employ a coherency/phase analysis on the temperature and horizontal velocity signals, which indicates that subinertial temperature variations arise from vertical excursions of the water column that are driven by horizontal motions across the sloping seafloor. The vertical displacements of the water column (recorded by the temperature signal) show a bottom‐intensified signature (i.e., decay toward the surface), while horizontal velocity anomalies are approximately barotropic below the main halocline. We show that the different characteristics in vertical and horizontal velocities are consistent with topographic Rossby wave theory in the limit of weak vertical decay. In essence, a linearly decaying vertical velocity profile implies that the whole water column is stretched/squashed uniformly with depth when water moves horizontally across the bottom slope. Thus, for the uniform stratification of the deep water column, the response in the relative vorticity field (ensuring conservation of potential vorticity) is also uniform with depth, leading to the observed barotropic horizontal velocity changes. The prevalent topographic Rossby wave activity is discussed in context with Beaufort Gyre spin‐up, dissipation, and stabilization.
Burial of Organic Carbon in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Liao Weisen , Hu Jianfang , Peng Ping'an 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic carbon (OC) burial in nondeltaic continental shelves is an important part of the global carbon cycle. Of these, the Taiwan Strait (TWS) is a typical, nondeltaic shelf region that is influenced by a variety of factors including strong ocean currents, coastal upwelling, and small river inputs. To better understand how these factors influence OC burial in the TWS, we measured total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents as well as the stable carbon isotopes of sedimentary organic matter (δ13Corg) from the TWS. We also measured glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in surface sediments collected from the TWS. The concentrations of sedimentary total organic carbon and total nitrogen along the coast were high but decreased in areas more central to the TWS. This gradient was controlled by both hydrological conditions and coastal upwelling. The calculated accumulation rate of organic carbon ranged from 1.9 to 47.2 g C/m2/year and was comparable to other areas of the Chinese marginal seas. The source contribution calculated from the three‐end‐member model revealed that mostly marine OC was buried in the upwelling regions. In comparison, OC derived from terrestrial plant and soil was buried in the estuaries. Collectively, these results showed that the TWS may serve as a CO2 sink in the global carbon cycle. This is due to the preservation of the labile portions of the OC derived from plant and marine source, which formed the main component of the buried OC in the TWS.
Cloud Top Phase Distributions of Simulated Deep Convective Clouds
Authors: Hoose C. , Karrer M. , Barthlott C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpace‐based observations of the thermodynamic cloud phase are frequently used for the analysis of aerosol indirect effects and other regional and temporal trends of cloud properties; yet they are mostly limited to the cloud top layers. This study addresses the information content in cloud top phase distributions of deep convective clouds during their growing stage. A cloud‐resolving model with grid spacings of 300 m and lower is used in two different setups, simulating idealized and semiidealized isolated convective clouds of different strengths. It is found that the cloud top phase distribution is systematically shifted to higher temperatures compared to the in‐cloud phase distribution due to lower vertical velocities and a resultingly stronger Wegener‐Bergeron‐Findeisen process at the cloud top. Sensitivity studies show that heterogeneous freezing can modify the cloud top glaciation temperature (where the ice pixel fraction reaches 50%) and ice multiplication via rime splintering is visible in an early ice onset at temperatures around −10°C. However, if the analyses are repeated with a coarsened horizontal resolution (above 1 km, similar to many satellite data sets), a significant part of this signal is lost, which limits the detectability of these microphysical fingerprints in the observable cloud top phase distribution. In addition, variation in the cloud dynamics also impacts the cloud phase distribution but cannot be quantified easily.