bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher negative emotions in response to cigarette pictorial warning labels predict higher quit intentions among smokers
Authors: Li Yachao , Yang Bo , Owusu Daniel , Popova Lucy 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCigarette pictorial warning labels (PWLs) could produce stronger quit intentions than text-only warning labels (TWLs) due to greater emotional arousal. Yet, it remains unclear whether PWLs that elicit different levels of emotions produce different outcomes. To better understand the role of negative emotions in the effects of PWLs, this study developed two sets of PWLs arousing different emotional levels (high vs low) but equally high on informativeness and compared them to each other and to the current TWLs.MethodsAdult US smokers (n=1503) were randomised to view nine high-emotion-arousing or low-emotion-arousing PWLs or TWLs. After each label, participants reported the negative emotions they felt while looking at the label. After seeing all the labels, participants reported their intentions to quit smoking. Mediation analyses tested whether message condition influenced quit intentions indirectly through negative emotions.ResultsCompared with TWLs, PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.27, SE=0.04, p<0.001). Compared with low-emotion arousing PWLs, high-emotion-arousing PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p<0.001). Higher negative emotions predicted stronger quit intentions (b=0.20, SE=0.03, p<0.001). Negative emotions mediated the effects of PWLs versus TWLs and high-emotion-arousing versus low- emotion-arousing PWLs on quit intentions.ConclusionsThe results provide additional evidence for negative emotions as the mechanism through which PWLs motivate smokers to consider quitting. The findings call on the Food and Drug Administration to design and implement high-emotion-arousing cigarette warning labels.
Predictors of hospitalization and surgical intervention among patients with motorcycle injuries
Authors: Fletcher Cary , Mcdowell Derrick , Thompson Camelia , James Kenneth 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTo describe the distribution of injuries, hospitalization rates by body areas injured, and surgery-requiring admissions, and to identify independent predictors of admission to a regional hospital in Jamaica.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among persons presenting to the St Ann’s Bay Regional Hospital in Jamaica (2016–2018) with injuries sustained from motorcycle crashes. A census was done of patients admitted to the surgery ward from the emergency room, as well as those referred to the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department. Trained members of the orthopedic team administered a pretested questionnaire within 24 hours of presenting to the orthopedic service to elicit data on sociodemographic characteristics, motor vehicle collision circumstance and motor bike specifications, physical injuries sustained and medical management, as well as compliance with legal requirements for riding a motorcycle. Associations between variables were examined using χ2tests and logistic regression.ResultsThere were 155 participants in the study, and 75.3% of motorcyclists with injuries required admission. The average length of stay was approximately 10 days. Surgery was required for 71.6% of those admitted. Lower limb injuries constituted 55% of all injuries. The independent predictors for admission were alcohol use and total body areas involved. Motorcycle crash victims who used alcohol close to the time of crash were three times more likely to be admitted to hospital than those who did not consume alcohol. As the total body areas involved increased by one, there was a threefold increase in the likelihood of being admitted. Additionally, the greater the number of body areas involved, the greater was the likelihood of admission.DiscussionLower limb injuries are the most commonly reported injuries among victims of motorcycle crashes. Alcohol and total body areas involved are independent predictors of admission to hospital. In the planning of trauma delivery services, this information should be taken into account.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
EuroGP 2019 panel discussion
Authors: Hu Ting , Sekanina Lukas 
Published: August 2019

While the Internet existed as far back as the 1960s, it was not until the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 90s, that this technology began impacting our everyday lives as an information dissemination tool. This application is so dominant that many would treat the Web as the synonym of the Internet. A technique only takes off when it finds a vehicle to communicate with the wide audience, i.e., through a killer application.
What is the killer application that will make GP become a part of our everyday lives? What are the application problems that GP is particularly suitable for? What can set GP apart from other learning algorithms, and allow it to stand out in the next waves of AI research?
Guidelines for evaluating myocardial cell death
Authors: Mishra Paras K. , Adameova Adriana , Hill Joseph A. , Baines Christopher P. , Kang Peter M. , Downey James M. , Narula Jagat , Takahashi Masafumi , Abbate Antonio , Piristine Hande C. , Kar Sumit , Su Shi , Higa Jason K. , Kawasaki Nicholas K. , Matsui Takashi 
Published: August 2019

Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-evaluating-myocardial-cell-death/ .
Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway to Overcome Acquired Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sethunath Vidyalakshmi , Hu Huizhong , De Angelis Carmine , Veeraraghavan Jamunarani , Qin Lanfang , Wang Nicholas , Simon Lukas M. , Wang Tao , Fu Xiaoyong , Nardone Agostina , Pereira Resel , Nanda Sarmistha , Griffith Obi L. , Tsimelzon Anna , Shaw Chad , Chamness Gary C. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Weigelt Britta , Heiser Laura M. , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Huang Shixia , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Gray Joe W. , Osborne C. Kent , Schiff Rachel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Despite effective strategies, resistance in HER2+ breast cancer remains a challenge. While the mevalonate pathway (MVA) is suggested to promote cell growth and survival, including in HER2+ models, its potential role in resistance to HER2-targeted therapy is unknown. Parental HER2+ breast cancer cells and their lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant derivatives were used for this study. MVA activity was found to be increased in lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant cells. Specific blockade of this pathway with lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins and with the N-bisphosphonate zoledronic acid led to apoptosis and substantial growth inhibition of R cells. Inhibition was rescued by mevalonate or the intermediate metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not cholesterol. Activated Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and mTORC1 signaling, and their downstream target gene product Survivin, were inhibited by MVA blockade, especially in the lapatinib-resistant/lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant models. Overexpression of constitutively active YAP rescued Survivin and phosphorylated-S6 levels, despite blockade of the MVA. These results suggest that the MVA provides alternative signaling leading to cell survival and resistance by activating YAP/TAZ–mTORC1–Survivin signaling when HER2 is blocked, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. MVA inhibitors including lipophilic statins and N-bisphosphonates may circumvent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy warranting further clinical investigation.

Implications:
The MVA was found to constitute an escape mechanism of survival and growth in HER2+ breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 therapies. MVA inhibitors such as simvastatin and zoledronic acid are potential therapeutic agents to resensitize the tumors that depend on the MVA to progress on anti-HER2 therapies.
Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Nye Lauren , Powers Kandy R. , Nydegger Jennifer L. , Kreutzjans Amy L. , Phillips Teresa A. , Metheny Trina , Winblad Onalisa , Zalles Carola M. , Hagan Christy R. , Goodman Merit L. , Gajewski Byron J. , Koestler Devin C. , Chalise Prabhakar , Kimler Bruce F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Interventions that relieve vasomotor symptoms while reducing risk for breast cancer would likely improve uptake of chemoprevention for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. We conducted a pilot study with 6 months of the tissue selective estrogen complex bazedoxifene (20 mg) and conjugated estrogen (0.45 mg; Duavee) to assess feasibility and effects on risk biomarkers for postmenopausal breast cancer. Risk biomarkers included fully automated mammographic volumetric density (Volpara), benign breast tissue Ki-67 (MIB-1 immunochemistry), and serum levels of progesterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP3, bioavailable estradiol and testosterone. Twenty-eight perimenopausal and postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer were enrolled: 13 in cohort A with baseline Ki-67 &lt; 1% and 15 in cohort B with baseline Ki-67 of 1% to 4%. All completed the study with &gt; 85% drug adherence. Significant changes in biomarkers, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, were a decrease in mammographic fibroglandular volume (P = 0.043); decreases in serum progesterone, bioavailable testosterone, and IGF-1 (P &lt; 0.01), an increase in serum bioavailable estradiol (P &lt; 0.001), and for women from cohort B a reduction in Ki-67 (P = 0.017). An improvement in median hot flash score from 15 at baseline to 0 at 6 months, and menopause-specific quality-of-life total, vasomotor, and sexual domain scores were also observed (P &lt; 0.001). Given the favorable effects on risk biomarkers and patient reported outcomes, a placebo-controlled phase IIB trial is warranted.
Plasmapheresis for the Treatment of Crescentic Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report
Authors: Gökalp Cenk , Turkoglu Rabia Gizem , Yildiz Faruk , Usta Ufuk , Kurultak Ilhan , Ustundag Sedat 
Published: August 2019

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is an immune-mediated glomerulonephritis caused by bacterial infections. Treatment of PIGN includes appropriate treatment of underlying infection and supportive treatment of the nephritic syndrome. Immunosuppressive drugs may be used to treat PIGN who have a renal failure with or without crescents and suggested only to the patients who does not have an active infection. We report a case who had PIGN secondary to a chronic foot infection and successfully treated with plasmapheresis for the first time in the literature.
Sex Differences in the Use of Statins in Community Practice
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Wang Tracy Y. , Xiang Qun , Goldberg Anne C. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Roger Veronique L. , Virani Salim S. , Wilson Peter W.F. , Louie Michael J. , Koren Andrew , Li Zhuokai , Peterson Eric D. , Navar Ann Marie 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Female patients have historically received less aggressive lipid management than male patients. Contemporary care patterns and the potential causes for these differences are unknown.

Methods and Results:

Examining the Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management Registry—a nationwide registry of outpatients with or at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease—we compared the use of statin therapy, guideline-recommended statin dosing, and reasons for undertreatment. We specifically analyzed sex differences in statin treatment and guideline-recommended statin dosing using multivariable logistic regression. Among 5693 participants (43% women) eligible for 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guideline–recommended statin treatment, women were less likely than men to be prescribed any statin therapy (67.0% versus 78.4%;
P
<0.001) or to receive a statin at the guideline-recommended intensity (36.7% versus 45.2%;
P
<0.001). Women were more likely to report having previously never been offered statin therapy (18.6% versus 13.5%;
P
<0.001), declined statin therapy (3.6% versus 2.0%;
P
<0.001), or discontinued their statin (10.9% versus 6.1%;
P
<0.001). Women were also less likely than men to believe statins were safe (47.9% versus 55.2%;
P
<0.001) or effective (68.0% versus 73.2%;
P
<0.001) and more likely to report discontinuing their statin because of a side effect (7.9% versus 3.6%;
P
<0.001). Sex differences in both overall and guideline-recommended intensity statin use persisted after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, patient beliefs, and provider characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61–0.81;
P
<0.001; and odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73–0.92;
P
<0.01, respectively). Sex differences were consistent across primary and secondary prevention indications for statin treatment.

Conclusions:
Women eligible for statin therapy were less likely than men to be treated with any statin or guideline-recommended statin intensity. A combination of women being offered statin therapy less frequently, while declining and discontinuing treatment more frequently, accounted for these sex differences in statin use.
Clothing as Devotion in Contemporary Hinduism
Authors: Mohan Urmila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Clothing as Devotion in Contemporary Hinduism, Urmila Mohan explores the materiality and visuality of cloth and clothing as devotional media in contemporary Hinduism. Drawing upon ethnographic research into the global missionizing group “International Society for Krishna Consciousness” (ISKCON), she studies translocal spaces of worship, service, education, and daily life in the group’s headquarters in Mayapur and other parts of India. Focusing on the actions and values of deity dressmaking, devotee clothing and paraphernalia, Mohan shows how activities, such as embroidery and chanting, can be understood as techniques of spirituality, reverence, allegiance—and she proposes the new term “efficacious intimacy” to help understand these complex processes. The monograph brings theoretical advances in Anglo-European material culture and material religion studies into a conversation with South Asian anthropology, sociology, art history, and religion. Ultimately, it demonstrates how embodied interactions as well as representations shape ISKCON’s practitioners as devout subjects, while connecting them with the divine and the wider community.
Trust and Distrust of Automated Parking in a Tesla Model X
Authors: Tenhundfeld Nathan L. , de Visser Ewart J. , Ries Anthony J. , Finomore Victor S. , Tossell Chad C. 
Published: August 2019

Objective The present study aims to evaluate driver intervention behaviors during a partially automated parking task. Background Cars with partially automated parking features are becoming widely available. Although recent research explores the use of automation features in partially automated cars, none have focused on partially automated parking. Recent incidents and research have demonstrated that drivers sometimes use partially automated features in unexpected, inefficient, and harmful ways. Method Participants completed a series of partially automated parking trials with a Tesla Model X and their behavioral interventions were recorded. Participants also completed a risk-taking behavior test and a post-experiment questionnaire that included questions about trust in the system, likelihood of using the Autopark feature, and preference for either the partially automated parking feature or self-parking. Results Initial intervention rates were over 50%, but declined steeply in later trials. Responses to open-ended questions revealed that once participants understood what the system was doing, they were much more likely to trust it. Trust in the partially automated parking feature was predicted by a model including risk-taking behaviors, self-confidence, self-reported number of errors committed by the Tesla, and the proportion of trials in which the driver intervened. Conclusion Using partially automated parking with little knowledge of its workings can lead to high degree of initial distrust. Repeated exposure of partially automated features to drivers can greatly increase their use. Application Short tutorials and brief explanations of the workings of partially automated features may greatly improve trust in the system when drivers are first introduced to partially automated systems.
FASim: A 3D Serious Game for the First Aid Emergency
Authors: Benkhedda Samira , Bendella Fatima 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim. This article aims to present FASim (First Aid Simulator), a 3D serious game for the first aid emergency. This game combines in a single framework the healthcare simulations with serious games and the functionalities of the multi agents systems (MAS). This work devoted to the basic steps in the development of our serious game FASim to learn the first aids and the signs of cardiac arrests which are the leading cause of premature death and the major cause of disability in the world. The practice of serious games in healthcare should be based on four main axes; firstly, the interaction between players is the key element of learning; secondly the adaptation of the game to the profiles of the players. So the game must be in relation with their abilities. Thirdly, the awareness and prevention are the important ingredients in healthcare to promoting the collective recognition of problems of giving the first step towards its resolution; finally, we need some intelligence to organize the first three axes to be able to make quick and accurate decisions. Results and Conclusion. The speed of intervention in the case of rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases the probability of survival after sudden cardiac arrest is still the key element to ensure success proven by QRISK method, which is a mathematical application to calculate the probability of having a heart attack. The number of staff must be very high preferences as a result we have created the collaboration to save the maximum life possible, and we implement an adaptive approach to improve the usability of the game. FASim focuses on the action of making quick and precise decisions, which must require a practical reasoning provided by the integration of the BDI (Belief Desire Intention) agent in the Non Players Character (NPCs). All our solutions are focus on the agent-based simulation, which is an excellent approach answer to all the criteria of medical emergencies.
Survey on Barriers to Critical Care and Palliative Care Integration
Authors: Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Beckerleg Weiwei , Wan Cynthia , Vanderspank-Wright Brandi , D’Egidio Gianni , Sutherland Stephanie , Hartwick Michael , Gratton Valérie , Sarti Aimee J. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: It has been shown that integrating palliative care (PC) in intensive care unit (ICU) improves end-of-life care (EOLC), but very few Canadian hospitals have adopted this practice. Our study aims to evaluate the perceived quality of EOLC at participating institutions and explore barriers toward ICU-PC integration. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. Survey items were extracted from published quality indicators in EOLC and barriers to ICU-PC integration. The study took place at 2 academic institutions. Participants consisted of physicians and nurses, ICU administrators, and allied health workers. Results: An overall response of 45% was achieved. Of total, 85% of the respondents were ICU nurses. The following main themes were identified: (1) There is a poor presence of PC in the ICU and 78% of respondents felt that increasing ICU-PC integration will improve quality of EOLC; (2) the main barrier to integration was unrealistic patient and/or family expectations; and (3) criteria-triggered consultation to PC was the most feasible way to achieve integration. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the majority of respondents perceive that the presence of PC in ICU will improve EOLC. Future quality improvement initiatives can focus on developing a set of criteria for triggering PC consults.
Impact of deep brain stimulation on people with Parkinson’s disease: A mixed methods feasibility study exploring lifespace and community outcomes
Authors: Liddle Jacki , Sundraraj Amreetaa , Ireland David , Bennett Sally , Stillerova Tereza , Silburn Peter 
Published: August 2019

Background Deep brain stimulation is a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Its impacts on motor symptoms are widely reported; however, little is known about the broader impact of deep brain stimulation on the community lives of people with Parkinson’s disease. Lifespace is a measure of lived community mobility, providing an indication of community access and participation. Aims This pilot study explored the feasibility of remotely monitoring the qualitative and quantitative community outcomes related to deep brain stimulation. Methods A longitudinal mixed methods study with a convergent design was undertaken exploring the lifespace, quality of life, life satisfaction and lived experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease before and after deep brain stimulation. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and a smartphone-based application which collected geolocation data. Results Quantitative and qualitative data from eight participants living with Parkinson’s disease were analysed and integrated. At baseline, participants had a median age of 68 years and a median Hoehn and Yahr score of 2. Measuring a range of community-based outcomes indicated different change trajectories for individuals across outcomes. Key content areas were developed from the qualitative data: participation in occupations and travel and home. This study indicates the potential value of including geolocation data-based lifespace collection in metropolitan and regional areas. Conclusions Monitoring lifespace in conjunction with subjective measures provides insights into the complex and individually varied experiences. Further research could explore the impacts of deep brain stimulation on occupations and community participation to gain a deeper understanding of the related needs and support clinical approaches.