bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hemostatic Effect of Adona (AC-17)
Authors: Borchgrevink Chr. F , Fölling Elgjo Ragna , Hattel K , Hjort P. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn normal individuals 50 mg Adona (AC-17) intravenously increased capillary resistance, and slightly shortened the bleeding time. No effect was observed on coagulation or platelets.In patients undergoing prostatic surgery the drug seemed to reduce the blood loss during the operation.50 mg Adona (AC-17) was given to 11 patients with a prolonged bleeding time of various causes, and to 8 patients with a positive tourniquet test. No effect could be demonstrated. However, the drug may be of value in some patients with acquired, ill-defined, presumably vascular diseases.
Inhibitors in Hemophilia B
Authors: Quintavalle Gabriele , Castaman Giancarlo , Baldacci Erminia , Ferretti Antonietta , Riccardi Federica , Tagliaferri Annarita , Santoro Cristina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of factor IX (FIX). Patients with the severe form (FIX <1%) account approximately for 30 to 45% of persons with HB and usually suffer from recurrent joint, soft-tissue, and muscle bleeds. The availability of safe plasma-derived and recombinant products has virtually abolished the risk of viral infections and the adoption of prophylactic regimens has attenuated the impact of hemophilic arthropathy. Therefore, the development of an inhibitor against FIX is currently the most serious complication that can still occur in the new generations of HB patients. The development of an inhibitor in HB is a rare event (1.5–3% of all patients) but is associated with a significant morbidity, related not only to the bleeding risk but also to the frequent occurrence of allergic/anaphylactic reactions and nephrotic syndrome. Due to the relative rarity of this event, few data exist about risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of inhibitors in HB. The induction of immune tolerance is often unsuccessful and can be otherwise affected by many complications in patients with history of allergy or anaphylaxis. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies and new approaches are developing. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss current knowledge about risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of this rare but serious complication.
Does religion always help the poor? Variations in religion and social class in the west and societies in the global south
Authors: Rogers Megan , Konieczny Mary Ellen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFrom Marx’s famous dictum that religion is “the opium of the people” to Weber’s recognition of the dignity reaped by the “religiously musical,” disagreement about both the prosocial and deleterious—even violent—effects of religious beliefs and practices has been a long discussion in social theory. The social scientific literature shows that religion is shaped by social structures—including economic and political structures—and also that, as an integral element of many cultures, it can shape those same structures in turn. This article discusses the dialectical relationship between religion and social structures to consider when and how religion has the capacity to alleviate poverty and where it might figure in inequality’s endurance or exacerbation. The range of the empirical cases considered here not only suggests the power of religion to address poverty, but also and importantly, the ways in which religion can be co-opted in sustaining thestatus quofor poor and politically subjugated groups. Taking a global view in case selection, this article shows that although differences in these processes do exist based on global location, there are many similarities that cross national and religious lines.
Polyhedra and packings from hyperbolic honeycombs
Authors: Pedersen Martin Cramer , Hyde Stephen T. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The simplest 2D regular honeycombs are familiar patterns, found in an extraordinary range of natural and designed systems. They include tessellations of the plane by squares, hexagons, and equilateral triangles. Regular triangular honeycombs also form on the sphere; they are the triangular Platonic polyhedra: the tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron. Regular hyperbolic honeycombs adopt an infinite variety of topologies; these must be distorted to be situated in 3D space and are thus frustrated. We construct minimally frustrated realizations of the simplest hyperbolic honeycombs.
Close-packed block copolymer micelles induced by temperature quenching
Authors: Chen Liwen , Lee Han Seung , Lee Sangwoo 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Close-packed structures are the fundamental crystal symmetries in nature, but selective access to these crystal symmetries in self-assembling materials has remained challenging. This work demonstrates that three representative metastable and stable close-packed structures of block copolymer micelles can be selectively induced using different thermal processing protocols controlling nucleation conditions and size of crystal grains. We find that the least stable hcp transformed into intermediate randomly stacked hcp layers and eventually into the most stable fcc. Our finding is an experimental observation of Ostwald’s rule for close-packed structures, showing the transition orders of close-packed uniform spheres and also illustrates an important example for accessing metastable crystal structures available in the free-energy landscape often hidden in the transition kinetics.
Robust clustering of noisy high-dimensional gene expression data for patients subtyping
Authors: Coretto Pietro , Serra Angela , Tagliaferri Roberto 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
One of the most important research areas in personalized medicine is the discovery of disease sub-types with relevance in clinical applications. This is usually accomplished by exploring gene expression data with unsupervised clustering methodologies. Then, with the advent of multiple omics technologies, data integration methodologies have been further developed to obtain better performances in patient separability. However, these methods do not guarantee the survival separability of the patients in different clusters.

Results
We propose a new methodology that first computes a robust and sparse correlation matrix of the genes, then decomposes it and projects the patient data onto the first m spectral components of the correlation matrix. After that, a robust and adaptive to noise clustering algorithm is applied. The clustering is set up to optimize the separation between survival curves estimated cluster-wise. The method is able to identify clusters that have different omics signatures and also statistically significant differences in survival time. The proposed methodology is tested on five cancer datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository. The proposed method is compared with the Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) approach, and model based clustering based on Student’s t-distribution (TMIX). Our method obtains a better performance in terms of survival separability, even if it uses a single gene expression view compared to the multi-view approach of the SNF method. Finally, a pathway based analysis is accomplished to highlight the biological processes that differentiate the obtained patient groups.

Availability and implementation
Our R source code is available online at https://github.com/angy89/RobustClusteringPatientSubtyping

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MetaPOAP: presence or absence of metabolic pathways in metagenome-assembled genomes
Authors: Ward Lewis M , Shih Patrick M , Fischer Woodward W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
Genome-resolved metagenomics allows the construction of draft microbial genomes from short-read shotgun metagenomics (Metagenome-Assembled Genomes, or MAGs); however, even high-quality MAGs are typically somewhat incomplete and contain a small amount of contaminant sequence, making accurate prediction of metabolic potential challenging. Here, we describe MetaPOAP, an algorithm for probabalistic assessment of the statistical likelihoods for the presence or absence of metabolic pathways in MAGs.

Availability and implementation
MetaPOAP is available as Python scripts on GitHub or from the Fischer lab webpage, https://github.com/lmward/MetaPOAP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of Substance Use and Sex Practices on the Intestinal Microbiome During HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Fulcher Jennifer A , Hussain Shehnaz K , Cook Ryan , Li Fan , Tobin Nicole H , Ragsdale Amy , Shoptaw Steven , Gorbach Pamina M , Aldrovandi Grace M 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection alters the human intestinal microbiome; however, behavioral factors driving these changes remain poorly defined. Here we examine the effects of substance use and sex behavior on the microbiome during HIV-1 infection.MethodsArchival rectal swab specimens, urine drug test results, and responses to substance use and sex behavior questionnaires were obtained from 37 HIV-positive participants at 2 time points, separated by 6 months, in a cohort examining the effects of substance use in men who have sex with men (MSM). Microbiome profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and associations with behavioral factors were examined using 0-inflated negative binomial regression. Further analysis of selected variables of interest was performed using propensity scores to account for multiple confounders.ResultsUsing permutational multivariate analysis of variance, we found that receptive anal intercourse, methamphetamine use, and marijuana use were among the most important drivers of microbiome variation. Propensity score–adjusted analyses revealed that methamphetamine use and marijuana use displayed unique associations; methamphetamine use was associated with an increased abundance of Porphyromonas and Granulicatella organisms and a decreased abundance of Ruminococcus, Collinsella, and Parabacteroides organisms, whereas marijuana use was associated with an increased abundance of Ruminococcus, Clostridium cluster IV, Solobacterium, and Fusobacterium organisms and a decreased abundance of Acidaminococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, Anaerostipes, and Dorea organisms.ConclusionsDrug use and sex behavior are important factors associated with intestinal dysbiosis during chronic HIV-1 infection among young MSM.
Survey parameters for detecting 21-cm-Ly α emitter cross-correlations with the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Hutter Anne , Trott Cathryn M , Dayal Pratika 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Detections of the cross-correlation signal between the 21 cm signal during reionization and high-redshift Lyman-α (Ly α) emitters (LAEs) are subject to observational uncertainties which mainly include systematics associated with radio interferometers and LAE selection. These uncertainties can be reduced by increasing the survey volume and/or the survey luminosity limit, i.e. the faintest detectable Ly α luminosity. We use our model of high-redshift LAEs and the underlying reionization state to compute the uncertainties of the 21-cm-LAE cross-correlation function at $z$ ≃ 6.6 for observations with SKA1-Low and LAE surveys with Δ$z$ = 0.1 for three different values of the average inter-galactic medium (IGM) ionization state (⟨χHi⟩ ≃ 0.1, 0.25, 0.5). At $z$ ≃ 6.6, we find SILVERRUSH type surveys, with a field of view of 21 deg2 and survey luminosity limits of Lα ≥ 7.9 × 1042 erg s−1, to be optimal to distinguish between an IGM that is 50 , 25 , and 10 per  cent neutral, while surveys with smaller fields of view and lower survey luminosity limits, such as the 5 and 10 deg2 surveys with WFIRST, can only discriminate between a 50  and 10 per  cent neutral IGM.
Cellular Immune Responses 6 Years Following 1, 2, or 3 Doses of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Fijian Girls and Subsequent Responses to a Dose of Bivalent HPV Vaccine
Authors: Toh Zheng Quan , Cheow Kathleen Wen Bei , Russell Fiona M , Hoe Edwin , Reyburn Rita , Fong James , Tuivaga Evelyn , Ratu Felisita T , Nguyen Cattram D , Matanitobua Silivia , Reitsma Andrea , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Garland Suzanne M , Mulholland Edward K , Licciardi Paul V 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
This study examined the cellular immunity of 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses of Gardasil vaccine (4vHPV) in girls after 6 years and their responses to a subsequent dose of Cervarix vaccine (2vHPV).

Methods
A subset of girls (n = 59) who previously received 0, 1, 2, or 3 doses of 4vHPV 6 years earlier were randomly selected from a cohort study of Fijian girls (age 15–19 years). Blood was collected before and 28 days after a dose of 2vHPV. The HPV16- and HPV18-specific cellular immune response was determined by IFNγ-ELISPOT and by measurement of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants.

Results
Six years after 4vHPV vaccination, HPV18-specific responses were significantly lower in the 1- (1D) or 2-dose (2D) recipients compared with 3-dose recipients (2D: IFNγ-ELISPOT: P = .008; cytokines, IFNγ: P = .002; IL-2: P = .022; TNFα: P = .016; IL-10: P = .018; 1D: IL-2: P = .031; IL-10: P = .014). These differences were no longer significant post-2vHPV. No significant differences in HPV16 responses (except IL-2, P &lt; .05) were observed between the 2- or 1-dose recipients and 3-dose recipients.

Conclusions
These data suggest that cellular immunity following reduced-dose schedules was detectable after 6 years, although the responses were variable between HPV types and dosage groups. The clinical significance of this is unknown. Further studies on the impact of reduced dose schedules are needed, particularly in high–disease burden settings.
Introduction to Part One
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The introduction situates this work within scholarship and outlines an approach to some larger issues including literature, literary history, canons, periodization, and historical contexts. It then broaches the question of how Pindaric epinician related to its public and offers a preview of the next five chapters. Studying Pindar’s ode within a literary culture rather than the immediate circumstances of their production and initial reception might lead one to different and incompatible conclusions or elucidate other facets of complex realities. One of the goals of this work is to contextualize within literary history Pindar’s project of creating works that could be decontextualized from their first performance.
Event and Artefact
Authors: Spelman Henry 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the interplay between first performance and subsequent reception in fifth-century lyric and especially in Pindar’s epinicians. It describes how poems trace their own travels from unrepeatable event to perpetuated artefact and draws conclusions about the shape of the literary culture behind Pindar’s odes. Six sections discuss six passages that map their journey from performance into permanence. A concluding section then uses these passages as case studies and primary evidence in order to draw overarching conclusions about the relationship between the rhetoric of performance and the realities of literary practices. By studying Pindar’s depictions of the life of his work we can better see how his poems found a place in a poetic culture stretching through time and space. Pindar brings the view sub specie aeternitatis into the moment of performance and also transmits the view from a certain hic et nunc into perpetuity.
The association between body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio and cognitive disorder in older adults
Authors: Liu Zhizhen , Yang Hongqing , Chen Shiya , Cai Jing , Huang Zijie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and cognitive disorder in older adults.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the mini-mental state examination questionnaire and physical examination of older adults (≥65, n = 1037) were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression examined the odds ratios (ORs) of cognitive performance according to BMI, WC and WHR.

Results
The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in older adults was 13.0%. The BMI-based overweight rate, obesity rate and central obesity rate calculated by either WC or WHR were 39.6, 11.4% and 66.5, 65.6%, respectively. The risk of cognitive impairment was increased in elderly individuals ≥70 years old than in those <70 years old (OR = 1.738). In addition, gender, WHR and smoking habit were also significantly different between the two age groups (P < 0.05). We examined the effects of different BMI values and WC/WHR central obesity on cognition impairment in ≥70-year-old adults and found that BMI obesity and WC/WHR central obesity had a combined effect on the incidence of cognition impairment (OR = 3.076 and OR = 3.584).

Conclusions
BMI obesity and WC/WHR central obesity have a combined effect on cognitive impairment and WHR has a stronger association with cognitive impairment than WC.
How Small Differences in Assessed Clinical Performance Amplify to Large Differences in Grades and Awards: A Cascade With Serious Consequences for Students Underrepresented in Medicine
Authors: Teherani Arianne , Hauer Karen E. , Fernandez Alicia , King Talmadge E. , Lucey Catherine 
Published: June 2018

While students entering medical schools are becoming more diverse, trainees in residency programs in competitive specialties and academic medicine faculty have not increased in diversity. As part of an educational continuous quality improvement process at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, the authors examined data for the classes of 2013–2016 to determine whether differences existed between underrepresented in medicine (UIM) and not-UIM students’ clinical performance (clerkship director ratings and number of clerkship honors grades awarded) and honor society membership—all of which influence residency selection and academic career choices.
This analysis demonstrated differences that consistently favored not-UIM students. Whereas the size and magnitude of differences in clerkship director ratings were small, UIM students received approximately half as many honors grades as not-UIM students and were three times less likely to be selected for honor society membership.
The authors use these findings to illustrate the amplification cascade, a phenomenon in which small differences in assessed performance lead to larger differences in grades and selection for awards. The amplification cascade raises concerns about opportunities for UIM students to compete successfully for competitive residency programs and potentially enter academic careers. Using a fishbone diagram, a continuous quality improvement root cause analysis tool, the authors contextualize their institutional results. They describe potential causes of group differences, drawing from the education disparities literature, and propose interventions and future research. They also share countermeasures adopted at their institution and encourage other medical schools to consider similar exploration of their institutional data.
Nurse Stressors and Satisfiers in the NICU
Authors: Fiske Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Working in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be both rewarding and stressful. Stressors can outweigh satisfiers, leading to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Nurse retention remains a problem, particularly for nurses within the first year of employment.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine current nurse stressors, satisfiers, and coping processes in the NICU.

Methods:
Seventy-two neonatal nurses from 3 Magnet facilities in North Carolina completed the ICU Stressors Survey, the Ways of Coping Scale, demographic data questions, and free-text questions in Qualtrics, a secure online survey system. Questionnaires were analyzed using protocols developed and validated by instrument developers, and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Free-text responses were analyzed using iterative coding and thematic grouping.

Results:
Most nurses thought that NICU nursing was stressful, but they coped well with work stress. Nurses felt confident in their knowledge and patient care abilities and were not stressed by the NICU environment. Inadequate staffing was the most common stressor. Coping strategies were aimed at task completion. Nurses wanted better teamwork on their units. Nurses felt more respected by their peers and families than by their immediate supervisors and physicians.

Implications:
Attention to staffing patterns is paramount. Team-building activities may help foster mutual respect and collegiality among the nursing staff and between disciplines. Research investigating creative staffing patterns would be helpful. Interprofessional research may also reduce stressors and enhance team performance.
Foam Padding in Postoperative Lower Extremity Casting: An Inexpensive Way to Protect Patients
Authors: Murgai Rajan R. , Compton Edward , Patel Akash R. , Ryan Deirdre , Kay Robert M. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Although postoperative cast immobilization is routinely used in children, it is not without complications. Few studies have focused on interventions to decrease their frequency. The purpose of this study was to determine if foam padding in postoperative lower extremity casts decreased the rate of cast complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who underwent lower extremity casting after elective surgery at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2006 to 2013 was conducted. Postoperative casts were classified by type (A-frame, short leg, long leg, spica) and the presence of foam. Charts were reviewed for skin complications, cast splits for apparent neurovascular deficits, cast splits for patient complaints, unplanned outpatient returns for cast-related issues, and compartment syndrome.

Results:
In total, 920 patients with 2,481 casts were included. In total, 612 (24.7%) casts had foam placed during casting. The incidence of skin complications was significantly lower in A-frame casts with foam (4.5%, 5/112) than without (13.4%, 11/82) (P=0.03) and long leg casts with foam (0.9%, 2/225) than without (4.3%, 19/444) (P=0.02). Patients with static encephalopathy casted with foam had a lower incidence of skin complications (0.7%, 2/279) than those without (3.6%, 22/615) (P=0.01). There was no difference in the overall incidence of skin complications in casts with and without foam (P=0.44), short leg casts (P=0.37), and spica casts (P=0.34). Patients with skin complications (20.3±7.1 kg/m2) had a higher body mass index than those without (18.9±5.4 kg/m2) (P=0.04). Postoperative A-frame casts with foam (0.0%, 0/112) were split less often for apparent neurovascular deficits than those without foam (4.5%, 3/67) (P=0.05). The cast split rates for apparent neurovascular deficits in casts with and without foam (P=0.58), long leg casts (P=0.67), short leg casts (P=0.63), and spica casts (P=1.0) were comparable.

Conclusions:
The use of foam in postoperative lower extremity casting is an effective intervention to reduce the incidence of skin complications in patients with static encephalopathy, in an A-frame cast, or in a long leg cast.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.