bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone App–Based Contingency Management and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Marino Elise N. , Karns-Wright Tara , Perez Matthew C. , Potter Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceOpioid use disorder continues to be a national crisis, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Medication is the only evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder; however, improving clinical outcomes may require augmenting it with psychosocial interventions, such as contingency management (CM), specifically, smartphone app–based CM.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether augmenting medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with app-based CM is associated with fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment and greater retention than treatment with MOUD only.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from November 1, 2020, to November 30, 2023, collected from opioid treatment programs and office-based opioid treatment programs across Texas. The cohort included individuals aged 18 years or older who were uninsured or underinsured and who chose to receive MOUD only or MOUD plus CM delivered via the WEconnect smartphone app. Participants who chose to receive app-based CM received monetary incentives upon achieving their self-chosen recovery goals.ExposureOpioid use disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary analyses examined differences in treatment outcomes (self-reported days of opioid use at the end of treatment and retention) between patients who chose MOUD only and those who chose MOUD plus app-based CM. Linear regression analysis was used to examine days of opioid use at the end of treatment, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine retention.ResultsThe analytic sample comprised 600 individuals (mean [SD] age, 38.4 [8.6] years; 342 male [57.0%]), with 300 included in each treatment group. Those who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM reported significantly fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 8.4 [12.9] vs 12.0 [13.5] days; β = −6.10; 95% CI, −8.09 to −4.10). Retention analysis showed that patients who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM were significantly more likely to stay in treatment longer compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 290.2 [109.4] vs 236.1 [128.1] days; β = 51.91; 95% CI, 33.86 to 69.95).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that augmenting MOUD with app-based CM may provide clinical benefits for underserved patients. Expanding the availability of app-based CM may contribute to decreasing the societal, economic, and personal burden of opioid use.
Frequency Independent Antennas
Authors: Cencich Thomas P. , Samson Timothy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFrequency‐independent (FI) antennas are radiating structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance and pattern characteristics over multiple‐decade bandwidths. Their finite size limits the lowest frequency of operation, and the finite precision of the center region bounds the highest frequency of operation. The geometry of an FI antenna must be specified by angles alone, and principles such as truncation and self‐complementarity are necessary and desired, respectively. In this chapter, Rumsey's theory of FI antennas, developed in the mid‐1950s, is thoroughly discussed, and historical highlights listing the most important contributions in this area are given. A mathematical derivation for a general FI structure is provided, and some special cases are considered both theoretically and practically. A description and an explanation of the underlying theory of operation for several FI antenna types, including equiangular spirals, conventional and unconventional sinuous antennas, and log‐periodic folded slot arrays, are also provided. A view of frequency independence through the modal content and contamination of the radiated far field is emphasized. Considerations for flush/conformal mounting are briefly discussed, including the use of log‐periodic lossless cavities and broadband conical cavities. Several examples of FI antenna hardware are shown.
Van Atta Array Reflector
Authors: Miao Zhuo‐Wei , Hao Zhang‐Cheng , Wang Xiang , Tian Ling , Wu Yi‐Wen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRetrodirective arrays have attracted a lot of research interest due to their unique characteristic of automatically responding to an interrogator without any prior information on the source location. As a unique member in the family of retrodirective arrays, the Van Atta array reflectors have features of simple structure and low cost and hold great potential for use in military and commercial applications, such as mobile communication, vehicle radar, radio‐frequency identification (RFID), and wireless power transfer (WPT). The Van Atta arrays are composed of an even number of radiation elements connected by transmission lines with equal electrical lengths. This article provides a detailed overview of the most recent research on the Van Atta array reflectors. Firstly, the development of the Van Atta arrays is briefly reviewed, and the basic design ideas are introduced. Then, the detailed operation principle of the Van Atta arrays is described, together with the theoretical analysis and experimental measurement to obtain the scattering field patterns in both monostatic and bistatic cases. After that, the latest research progress including the designs of one‐ and two‐dimensional Van Atta arrays is discussed. Besides the passive reflectors, the active Van Atta arrays can be implemented by introducing amplifiers or modulation circuits. In addition, this article also presents a short review of some typical applications of the Van Atta arrays, including the fields of vehicle‐mounting reflectors associated with the intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), the wireless charging of electronic devices, and ultralong‐range chipless sensing. Some examples of transponders using the Van Atta structures for these applications are introduced. Finally, some challenges and future research directions for Van Atta reflectors are presented.
Intermodulation
Authors: Pedro José C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents a broad overview of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in microwave and RF circuits and systems. It starts by putting IMD in the context of the linear and nonlinear perturbations of telecommunication systems to then explain its physical origins and most common theoretical analysis methods and laboratory characterization setups. For that, several device/system models and analytical and numerical techniques are addressed as well as the nonlinear distortion generation mechanisms present in typical microwave small‐signal amplifiers, high‐power amplifiers, and frequency converters are reviewed.
Nonlinear Circuit Analysis
Authors: Suárez Almudena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe reliable prediction of the circuit response prior to manufacturing demands realistic element models and accurate analysis methods. This analysis has added difficulties in the case of nonlinear circuits, such as those based on transistors and diodes, in which the superposition principle does not hold. This gives rise to a dependence of the circuit response on the input amplitude and the generation of harmonic and intermodulation frequencies, among other phenomena. The special characteristics of nonlinear circuits are often undesired, but they also make them the only choice to obtain essential functions such as frequency mixing, frequency multiplication, oscillation, and frequency division. This article presents a detailed summary of numerical simulation methods in both the time and frequency domains, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and providing application examples.
ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING
Authors: Chen Zhizhang D. , Hoefer Wolfgang J. R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic modeling is a critical analysis and design methodology in various fields such as radio‐frequency (RF) and microwave engineering, antennas, radar, remote sensing, medical diagnostics, bio‐electromagnetics, physics and radio astronomy, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference. It formulates and solves electromagnetic field problems using mathematical, physical, or computational models that relate the electromagnetic functionality of devices to their geometrical and material parameters or predict how electromagnetic fields interact with physical objects and materials. This chapter presents the most common methods for modeling electromagnetic scenarios in the frequency, the spectral, and the time domain, as well as their hybrid combinations. They are introduced as projective approximations of field solutions using the method of weighted residuals (MWR). This unified perspective best illustrates their properties, differences, and their suitability for solving a particular electromagnetic problem, thus helping the reader to appreciate the connections, similarities, and differences among the various methods. It also reflects historical and methodological developments and aims to provide a foundational understanding of current electromagnetic modeling methods.
PERMITTIVITY AND MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Komarov Vyacheslav V. , Wang Shaojin , Tang Juming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the dielectric properties of food, agricultural products, biological tissues, resins, plastics, ceramics, soils, and wood at radio and microwave frequencies. The influence of three main factors, namely, microwave frequency, temperature, and material moisture contents, on complex dielectric properties of lossy materials is analyzed. The most popular measurement techniques, such as the open-ended coaxial probe method, transmission line method, and perturbation method, are described. Relevant dielectric property data are provided in tables and figures.
PHASE NOISE AND MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Chang Heng‐Chia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe phase of the electric signals or electromagnetic fields from the circuits and devices is often modulated or demodulated with important information in modern communication systems. However, there are always some random fluctuations in the phase of the signals caused by thermal noise (thermal motion of the carriers), or shot noise (discrete properties of the electric current sources), or several other mechanisms inside the devices, circuits, wired or wireless medium. The term phase noise is used for describing such short‐term random fluctuations of the signals. In this chapter the author especially describes the phase noise in the oscillators, because most of the phase noise sources in the communication systems come from the oscillators. The author explains the oscillator phase noise by theory, describes several techniques to improve phase noise, and illustrates several popular measurement techniques. The author concludes this chapter with some references for the interested readers to study by themselves the phase noise and the related measurement techniques further.
QUASI‐OPTICAL CIRCUITS
Authors: Shiroma Wayne A. , DeLisio Michael P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuasioptical circuits use components typically associated with optics, such as lenses, mirrors, and polarizers but are targeted toward the millimeter‐ and sub‐millimeter‐wave regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum between 30 GHz and a few terahertz. This chapter focuses on active quasioptical circuits used for generating, amplifying, and processing millimeter‐wave beams.
RADAR TARGET RECOGNITION
Authors: Eom Kie B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent advances in radar target recognition are presented. Modern radar systems provide information not available in other sensors with sufficient details for target recognition. Target recognition approaches using different types of radar systems are presented, and recent advances in target recognition approaches are discussed. Approaches to improve the performance of target detection by the fusion of information from different types of radars are presented. The reduction of speckle noise in radar images is important as imaging radar is inherently noisy. Recent advances in speckle noise reduction approaches are also presented.
RF BIOMETRICS
Authors: Pizzillo Thomas J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis report is a concise summary of research on radio frequency (RF) biometrics published in the open literature and informed by my own research as the Principal Investigator of the United States Army Research Laboratory's RF Biometrics program between 2007 and 2012. I provide a functional definition of RF Biometrics and define a concept of operations to provide context for the cited research. I explore the origins and evolution of RF Biometrics particularly in the context of security and defense applications, and provide a brief assessment of the current and future trends for RF Biometrics.
MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS
Authors: Yang Ming‐Lin , Huang Xiao‐Wei , Wu Bi‐Yi , Sheng Xin‐Qing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaxwell's equations are valid from the atomic to intergalactic length scales. Hence, features at various spatial or temporal scales may all be significant in electromagnetic (EM) problems of interest and may affect the results of multiscale modeling and simulation in computational electromagnetics (CEM). Solving electromagnetic problems that involve multiscale structures efficiently is challenging and is of growing interest in CEM. In recent decades, various approaches have been proposed for addressing the multiscale issue of electrically large problems. These methods can be roughly categorized into three types: the “geometry‐based,” “algebra‐based,” and “physics‐based” approaches. In this chapter, we introduce these three representative approaches for modeling multiscale problems in CEM: (1) the discontinuous Galerkin integral equation method (DGIE), which is a general domain decomposition framework for dealing with structures with mesh nonconformity; (2) the nested dissection accelerated H‐LU‐based fast direct solver for sparse matrices, which is used to construct effective preconditioners; and (3) the resistive sheet boundary condition‐based hybrid finite element‐boundary integral‐multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE–BI–MLFMA), which can simulate electromagnetic field interactions with microwave‐absorbing honeycomb structures efficiently. After we present the formulation for each approach, we present examples to demonstrate its accuracy, capability, and performance.
POWER AMPLIFIER LOAD‐MODULATION RATIO
Authors: Hou Rui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLoad modulation is a technique to enhance the energy efficiency of power amplifiers for non‐constant envelope signals. These types of signals are very often used for wireless communication systems. Most cellular base stations today employ Doherty power amplifiers, which utilize load modulation as the underlying mechanism.The load‐modulation ratio quantifies how much the load impedance of a power amplifier varies during its operation. In principle, a higher load‐modulation ratio yields efficiency enhancement of a power amplifier at a lower‐power level from its peak capacity. In practice, this ratio needs to be designed carefully to optimize the performance of power amplifiers.
Cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau accumulation
Authors: Gheni Ghupurjan , Shinohara Mitsuru , Masuda‐Suzukake Masami , Shindo Akihiko , Watanabe Atsushi , Kawai Kaori , Bu Guojun , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Hasegawa Masato , Sato Naoyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) often coexists with cerebrovascular diseases. However, the impact of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke on AD pathology remains poorly understood.MethodsThis study examines the correlation between cerebrovascular diseases and AD pathology. The research was carried out using clinical and neuropathological data collected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database and an animal model in which bilateral common carotid artery stenosis surgery was performed, following the injection of tau seeds into the brains of wild‐type mice.ResultsAnalysis of the NACC database suggests that clinical stroke history and lacunar infarcts are associated with lower neurofibrillary tangle pathology. An animal model demonstrates that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau pathology, which was observed in not only neurons but also astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we found that astrocytes and microglia were activated in response to tau pathology and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Additionally, cerebral hypoperfusion increased a lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D.InterpretationThese data together indicate that cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau accumulation likely through an increase in microglial phagocytic activity towards tau and an elevation in degradation through cathepsin D. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between tau pathology and cerebrovascular diseases in older people with multimorbidity.
Advances in Single‐Halogen Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nie Ting , Jia Lingbo , Feng Jiangshan , Yang Shangfeng , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Fang Zhimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) (Eg ≥ 1.65 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) made from mixed‐halide strategy experience severe photo‐induced halide segregation, leading to detrimental effects on the long‐term operational stability. Developing single‐halogen WBG perovskites can be the fundamental solution to prevent halide segregation. In this review, the recent advances in single‐halogen WBG PSCs, focusing on the cesium (Cs)‐based pure‐iodide (I) perovskite and all the pure‐bromine (Br) perovskite species is summarized. A detailed discussion is conducted on the crystallization dynamics of different perovskite systems. The key challenge for all single‐halogen WBG PSCs is the huge energy loss due to inferior interfacial energy level alignment and high defect density in perovskite films, which greatly hinders efficiency improvement. To this end, it is systematically discuss optimization strategies, including regulating crystallization, passivating defects, achieving aligned energy levels, and eliminating interfacial microstrain, to enhance the photovoltaic performance of solar cells. Furthermore, it is highlighted that Cs‐based pure‐I WBG perovskites encounter significant stability issue due to their low structural tolerance factor, warranting substantial attention. Finally, perspectives are outlined to suggest ways to further advance the development and application of single‐halogen WBG PSCs.
Manipulating Interlayer Carrier Relaxation Dynamics in Type‐II Heterostructures of 2D Hybrid Perovskites Through Organic Spacer Engineering
Authors: Han Bin , Qiu Qi , Tang Yanren , Lian Bingtao , Liu Bo , Ding Shukai , Ma Shufang , Luo Min , Wang Wei , Xu Bingshe , Hsu Hsien‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractType‐II heterostructures are crucial components in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaics and photodetectors. Previous studies have shown that interlayer charge transfer (CT) is the dominant carrier relaxation mechanism in type‐II heterostructures of 2D materials. In this study, it is demonstrated that in type‐II heterostructures composed of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), the conventional CT process can transition to an energy transfer (ET) process without requiring an additional charge‐blocking interlayer. The results indicate that CT predominates in heterostructures in which both layers have the same organic spacer, particularly in BA2PbI4/BA2MA2Pb3I10. Notably, when the organic spacer BA is replaced with PEA in one layer of the heterostructure, that is BA2PbI4/PEA2MA2Pb3I10, the carrier relaxation process shifts from CT to ET. Although both BA2PbI4/BA2MA2Pb3I10 and BA2PbI4/PEA2MA2Pb3I10 exhibit type‐II band alignment, density functional theory calculations reveal that the substitution of BA with PEA creates a novel type‐II band alignment. This new alignment inhibits electron and hole separation, thereby favoring ET over CT. This study not only provides significant insight into the interlayer carrier relaxation dynamics but also is crucial for the future deterministic design of 2D OIHPs heterostructure‐based optoelectronic devices.
3D Printed Ultra‐Fast Plastic Scintillators Based on Perovskite‐Photocurable Polymer Composite
Authors: Giuri Antonella , Chekkallur Amal C , Calora Mario , Mastria Rosanna , Martinazzoli Loris , Auffray Etiennette , Padmanabhan Sanosh Kunjalukkal , Carturan Sara , Moretto Sandra , Quarta Gianluca , Calcagnile Lucio , Polo Matteo , Quaranta Alberto , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Caricato Anna Paola , Rizzo Aurora , Esposito Corcione Carola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technology is exploited for the first time to build a complex geometry scintillator using a thermosetting photocurable resin filled by lead halide perovskite as an active material. To this aim, an innovative nanocomposite is developed based on Cs4PbBr6 perovskite powders as fillers and photocurable resin as matrix, adopting stereolithography as a manufacturing process. The use of high‐Z lead‐based perovskite filler is needed for the detection of ionizing radiation and the conversion into visible light, while the polymer matrix provides 3D printability. On the one hand, the inclusion of the perovskite‐based filler in the photocurable resin does not affect the rheological behavior and photocuring properties of the polymer matrix, making the composite suitable for 3D printing by stereolithography. On the other hand, the presence of the polymer does not affect the emission properties of the perovskite leading to the development of a fast response scintillator with significantly improved environmental stability. This work opens the avenue to the development of a completely new class of plastic scintillating materials.
Designing Better Electrocatalysts via Ion Exchange for Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Gao , Fei Liangshuang , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen, produced through electrocatalytic water splitting, stands as a promising clean energy source for future large‐scale applications. Significant efforts have been dedicated to advancing high‐performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction. Ion exchange, a widely adopted technology, facilitates the chemical transformation of materials by substituting the cations or anions in original electrocatalysts with guest ions. By finely tuning the atomic structure of electrocatalysts, ion exchange enables leveraging strengths and compensating for weaknesses. This review begins with an exploration of the fundamentals of water splitting and ion exchange reactions, stating the regulatory impact of ion exchange on performance. Special emphasis is placed on distinguishing the structural characteristics of different electrocatalysts in the context of ion exchange. The review also underscores the significance of reaction conditions for ion exchange, revealing their dynamic effects. Finally, the review proposes perspectives aimed at inspiring further research efforts to design novel electrocatalysts beyond applying in water splitting.