bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micra pacemaker implant after cardiac implantable electronic device extraction: feasibility and long-term outcomes
Authors: Zucchelli Giulio , Barletta Valentina , Della Tommasina Veronica , Viani Stefano , Parollo Matteo , Mazzocchetti Lorenzo , Cellamaro Tea , Paperini Luca , Di Cori Andrea , De Lucia Raffaele , Segreti Luca , Soldati Ezio , Bongiorni Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
We aimed at investigating the feasibility and outcome of Micra implant in patients who have previously undergone transvenous lead extraction (TLE), in comparison to naïve patients implanted with the same device.

Methods and results
Eighty-three patients (65 males, 78.31%; 77.27 ± 9.96 years) underwent Micra implant at our centre. The entire cohort was divided between ‘post-extraction’ (Group 1) and naïve patients (Group 2). In 23 of 83 patients (20 males, 86.96%; 73.83 ± 10.29 years), Micra was implanted after TLE. Indication to TLE was an infection in 15 patients (65.21%), leads malfunction in four (17.39%), superior vena cava syndrome in three (13.05%), and severe tricuspid regurgitation in one case (4.35%). The implant procedure was successful in all patients and no device-related events occurred at follow-up (median: 18 months; interquartile range: 1–24). No differences were observed between groups in fluoroscopy time (13.88 ± 10.98 min vs. 13.15 ± 6.64 min, P = 0.45), single device delivery (Group 1 vs. Group 2: 69.56% vs. 55%, P = 0.22), electrical performance at implant and at 12-month follow-up (Group 1 vs. Group 2: pacing threshold 0.48 ± 0.05 V/0.24 ms vs. 0.56 ± 0.25 V/0.24 ms, P = 0.70; impedance 640 ± 148.83 Ohm vs. 583.43 ± 99.7 Ohm, P = 0.27; and R wave amplitude 10.33 ± 2.88 mV vs. 12.62 ± 5.31 mV, P = 0.40). A non-apical site of implant was achievable in the majority of cases (72.3%) without differences among groups (78.26% vs. 70%; P = 0.42).

Conclusion
Micra implant is an effective and safe procedure in patients still requiring a ventricular pacing after TLE, with similar electrical performance and outcome compared with naïve patients at long-term follow-up.
Multidecadal dynamics of the Arctic copepod Limnocalanus macrurus in relation to environmental variability in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Einberg Heli , Klais Riina , Rubene Gunta , Kornilovs Georgs , Putnis Ivars , Ojaveer Henn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Arctic Limnocalanus macrurus is a prominent representative of large copepods which performs several essential functions in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Being a cold stenotherm species, its distribution is primarily confined to deeper water layers. Based on the long-term observations from one of the largest spatially confined natural populations of this species in the Baltic Sea, we detected profound long-term variability of L. macrurus during 1958–2016: high abundances before the 1980s, then nearly disappearance in the 1990s and recovery in the 2000s. The main environmental parameters explaining the interannual variability of L. macrurus in spring were herring spawning stock biomass in preceding year, winter severity, and bottom water temperature in preceding summer. The effect of winter severity and water temperature was also non-linear. The sliding window correlation analysis pointed to a non-stationary relationship between the abundance of L. macrurus and the key variables. Given the observed pronounced seasonality in the population structure of L. macrurus (young stages dominated in the beginning of the year and only adults were left in the population in summer and autumn) we identified the dynamics of key environmental variables to understand this species under different ecosystem configurations and different combinations of drivers of change.
The accelerating rotation of the magnetic He-weak star HD 142990
Authors: Shultz M , Rivinius Th , Das B , Wade G A , Chandra P 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
HD 142990 (V 913 Sco; B5 V) is a He-weak star with a strong surface magnetic field and a short rotation period (Prot ∼ 1 d). Whilst it is clearly a rapid rotator, recent determinations of Prot are in formal disagreement. In this paper, we collect magnetic and photometric data with a combined 40-yr baseline in order to re-evaluate Prot and examine its stability. Both period analysis of individual data sets and O − C analysis of the photometric data demonstrate that Prot has decreased over the past 30 yr, violating expectations from magnetospheric braking models, but consistent with behaviour reported for 2 other hot, rapidly rotating magnetic stars, CU Vir and HD 37776. The available magnetic and photometric time series for HD 142990 can be coherently phased assuming a spin-up rate $\dot{P}$ of approximately −0.6 s yr−1, although there is some indication that $\dot{P}$ may have slowed in recent years, possibly indicating an irregular or cyclic rotational evolution.
The Local Group on FIRE: dwarf galaxy populations across a suite of hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Garrison-Kimmel Shea , Hopkins Philip F , Wetzel Andrew , Bullock James S , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Kereš Dušan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , El-Badry Kareem , Lamberts Astrid , Quataert Eliot , Sanderson Robyn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a new set of high-resolution hydrodynamic cosmological zoom-in simulations that apply the Feedback In Realistic Environments physics to both Local Group (LG)-like and isolated Milky Way (MW)-like volumes (10 host systems in total with a baryonic particle mass ${\simeq } 3500\!-\!7000\,{\rm M}_\odot$). We study the stellar mass functions, circular velocity or mass profiles, and velocity dispersions of the dwarf galaxy populations. The simulations reproduce the stellar mass function and central densities of MW satellite dwarfs for $M_\ast \ge 10^{5.5}\,{\rm M}_\odot$ and predict the existence of ∼3 unidentified galaxies with $M_\ast \sim 10^5\,{\rm M}_\odot$ within 300 kpc of the MW. Overall, we find no evidence for the classical missing satellites or too-big-to-fail (TBTF) problems for satellite galaxies in our sample. Among the satellites, TBTF is resolved primarily by subhalo disruption and overall mass-loss; central density profiles of subhaloes are of secondary importance. For non-satellite galaxies, our LG-like simulations predict as many as ∼10 as-of-yet unseen galaxies at distances $0.3\!-\!1\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ from both hosts, with $M_\ast \simeq 10^{5-6}\,{\rm M}_\odot$ (in haloes with Vmax ∼ 20 km s−1), albeit with large halo-to-halo variance. None of our simulations produces a compact, baryon-dominated, high-density dwarf elliptical-type galaxy (with Vcirc ≳ 35 km s−1 at $r\lt 1\,$ kpc), of which six may appear in the LG (but none in the MW). It may therefore remain a challenge to reproduce the full diversity of the dwarf population, including both the highest and lowest density systems.
Top Questions in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary M. abscessus Disease
Authors: Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R , Strnad Luke , Lederer Philip A , Shah Maunank , Hurtado Rocio M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus disease is particularly challenging to treat, given the intrinsic drug resistance of this species and the limited data on which recommendations are based, resulting in a greater reliance on expert opinion. We address several commonly encountered questions and management considerations regarding pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus disease, including the role of subspecies identification, diagnostic criteria for determining disease, interpretation of drug susceptibility test results, approach to therapy including the need for parenteral antibiotics and the role for new and repurposed drugs, and the use of adjunctive strategies such as airway clearance and surgical resection.
Vintage-Specific Driving Restrictions
Authors: Barahona Nano , Gallego Francisco A , Montero Juan-Pablo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Local air pollution has led authorities in many cities around the world to impose limits on car use by means of driving restrictions or license-plate bans. By placing uniform restrictions on all cars, many of these programs have created incentives for drivers to buy additional, more polluting cars. We study vintage-specific restrictions, which place heavy limits on older, polluting vehicles and no limits on newer, cleaner ones. We use a novel model of the car market and results from Santiago’s 1992 program, the earliest program to use vintage-specific restrictions, to show that such restrictions should be designed to work exclusively through the extensive margin (type of car driven), never through the intensive margin (number of miles driven). If so, vintage restrictions can yield important welfare gains by moving the fleet composition toward cleaner cars, comparing well to alternative instruments such as scrappage subsidies and pollution-based registration fees.
RAPID MACULAR CAPILLARY LOSS IN PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED TYPE 1 DIABETES
Authors: Lavia Carlo , Feldman-Billard Sylvie , Erginay Ali , Guérin Olivia , Virgili Gianni , Gaudric Alain , Tadayoni Ramin , Dupas Bénédicte 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To analyze the evolution of macular vessel density (VD) over 1 year, during early worsening of diabetic retinopathy, in patients with uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:
Retrospective study of 12 eyes of 9 patients with T1D with early worsening of diabetic retinopathy imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography. The following data were collected at the time of pan retinal photocoagulation initiation and after 6 and 12 months: vessel density within three retinal plexuses—superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus; foveal avascular zone area, acircularity index, and flow density (FD)-300; central macular thickness; and HbA1c levels.

Results:
A history of rapid reduction in blood glucose was found in seven of nine cases. Vessel density was significantly decreased at 12 months in all plexuses: from 44.68 ± 4.75 to 40.23 ± 7.13 in the superficial vascular plexus (P = 0.008), from 42.72 ± 4.86 to 37.12 ± 8.64 in the intermediate capillary plexus (P = 0.03), and from 22.68 ± 3.93 to 19.66 ± 4.92 in the deep capillary plexus (P = 0.004). Intermediate capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus changes were strongly correlated (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) and were significant as early as 6 months. The mean foveal avascular zone area increased (P = 0.05) and the FD-300 decreased (P = 0.03). No significant change in acircularity index, central macular thickness, and visual acuity were observed over time.

Conclusion:
Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy induces a rapid macular capillary dropout mainly affecting the intermediate capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus.
Pediatric disaster preparedness: identifying challenges and opportunities for emergency department planning
Authors: Gilchrist Nancy , Simpson Joelle N. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
To review the current literature on best practices for pediatric disaster preparedness in an emergency department (ED).

Recent findings
Children have unique anatomical, physiologic, immunologic, and psychosocial needs that impact their vulnerability to and resilience in a disaster, yet they have been historically underrepresented in disaster planning at local and national levels. Lessons learned from recent disaster events, disaster research, and disaster experts provide guidance on pediatric disaster preparedness for ED.

Summary
All EDs should include children in their disaster plans and exercises. ED staff should be knowledgeable about their role in institutional disaster operations and familiar with standard disaster management principles.
Risk Factors of Multidrug Resistant Pathogens Induced Infection in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xina , Li Le , Liu Lu , Hu Yingying , Zhao Shuang , Sun Jialiang , Wang Gang , Hai Xin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
A retrospective study was first performed to assess the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogen in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients who were treated using the step-up approach. We aim to assess the risk factors between MDR pathogen and potential covariates in SAP patients.

Methods:
The clinical data of 51 SAP patients who were treated from June, 2013 to December, 2016 were retrospectively collected. A total of 23 patients in the MDR group and 28 patients in the non-MDR group were reviewed. The risk factors for MDR pathogen-induced infections in SAP patients were analyzed.

Results:
Hyperlipidemia was the leading cause of SAP in our study. The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in the patients with MDR pathogen infections (P=0.0135). The hospitalization expenses of MDR group were much higher than those in non-MDR group. The mortality of MDR group (56.5%) was higher than that in non-MDR group (28.6%) (P=0.0436). Gram-negative isolates (63.8%) were commonly detected in SAP patients. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common MDR pathogens. Systemic disease (P
= 0.0136), initial use of carbapenem (P
= 0.0438), and open necrosectomy (P
= 0.0002) were the potential risk factors for MDR pathogen-induced infections in SAP. Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis revealed that open necrosectomy was the independent variable for MDR infections (OR: 15.6, 95% CI: 2.951–82.469, P
= 0.0012).

Conclusions:
MDR pathogen-induced infections were common in SAP patients and Acinetobacter baumannii was the main pathogen. Meanwhile, open necrosectomy was the independent risk factor for the infection of MDR pathogen.
Direct Oral Feeding Following Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (NUTRIENT II trial)
Authors: Berkelmans Gijs H. K. , Fransen Laura F. C. , Dolmans-Zwartjes Annemarie C. P. , Kouwenhoven Ewout A. , van Det Marc J. , Nilsson Magnus , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Luyer Misha D. P. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
Patients undergoing an esophagectomy are often kept nil-by-mouth postoperatively out of fear for increasing anastomotic leakage and pulmonary complications. This study investigates the effect of direct start of oral feeding following minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared with standard of care.

Background:
Elements of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been successfully introduced in patients undergoing an esophagectomy. However, start of oral intake, which is an essential part of the ERAS protocols, remains a matter of debate.

Methods:
Patients in this multicenter, international randomized controlled trial were randomized to directly start oral feeding (intervention) after a MIE with intrathoracic anastomosis or to receive nil-by-mouth and tube feeding for 5 days postoperative (control group). Primary outcome was time to functional recovery. Secondary outcome parameters included anastomotic leakage, pneumonia rate, and other surgical complications scored by predefined definitions.

Results:
Baseline characteristics were similar in the intervention (n = 65) and control (n = 67) group. Functional recovery was 7 days for patients receiving direct oral feeding compared with 8 days in the control group (P = 0.436). Anastomotic leakage rate did not differ in the intervention (18.5%) and control group (16.4%, P = 0.757). Pneumonia rates were comparable between the intervention (24.6%) and control group (34.3%, P = 0.221). Other morbidity rates were similar, except for chyle leakage, which was more prevalent in the standard of care group (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:
Direct oral feeding after an esophagectomy does not affect functional recovery and did not increase incidence or severity of postoperative complications.
Presynaptic GABAergic receptors modulate inhibitory synaptic feedback in the avian cochlear nucleus angularis
Authors: Eisenbach Stefanie L. , Soueidan Sara E. , MacLeod Katrina M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInhibition plays multiple critical roles in the neural processing of sound. In the avian auditory brain stem, the cochlear nuclei receive their principal inhibitory feedback from the superior olivary nucleus (SON) in lieu of local inhibitory circuitry. In the timing pathway, GABAergic inhibitory feedback underlies gain control to enhance sound localization. In the cochlear nucleus angularis (NA), which processes intensity information, how the inhibitory feedback is integrated is not well understood. Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings in chick brain stem slices, we investigated the effects of GABA release on the inhibitory (presumed SON) and excitatory (8th nerve) synaptic inputs onto NA neurons. Pharmacological activation of the metabotropic GABAB receptors with baclofen profoundly suppressed both evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs). Baclofen similarly reduced the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs and EPSCs, but had no significant effect on the current kinetics or amplitudes, indicating a presynaptic locus of modulation. Trains of IPSCs showed substantial transient and sustained short-term synaptic facilitation. Baclofen application reduced the initial IPSC amplitude, but enhanced the relative facilitation over the train via changes in release probability. Comparable levels of GABAB receptor mediated blockade also shifted short-term synaptic plasticity of EPSCs toward less depression. Evoked (but not spontaneous) release of GABA was sufficient to suppress basal release at inhibitory synapses in slices. Overall, the modulation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs of NA neurons via GABAB receptor activation appears to parallel that in the timing pathway.New and NoteworthyAvian cochlear nucleus angularis (NA) neurons are responsible for encoding sound intensity and provide level information for gain control feedback via the superior olivary nucleus. This GABAergic inhibitory feedback was itself modulated in NA via presynaptic, metabotropic GABAB receptor mediated suppression. Excitatory transmission was modulated by the same receptors, suggesting parallel homosynaptic and heterosynaptic mechanisms in both cochlear nuclei.
Efficient pan-cancer whole-slide image classification and outlier detection using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Bilaloglu Seda , Wu Joyce , Fierro Eduardo , Sanchez Raul Delgado , Ocampo Paolo Santiago , Razavian Narges , Coudray Nicolas , Tsirigos Aristotelis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVisual analysis of solid tissue mounted on glass slides is currently the primary method used by pathologists for determining the stage, type and subtypes of cancer. Although whole slide images are usually large (10s to 100s thousands pixels wide), an exhaustive though time-consuming assessment is necessary to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis. In an effort to address the many diagnostic challenges faced by trained experts, recent research has been focused on developing automatic prediction systems for this multi-class classification problem. Typically, complex convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, such as Google’s Inception, are used to tackle this problem. Here, we introduce a greatly simplified CNN architecture, PathCNN, which allows for more efficient use of computational resources and better classification performance. Using this improved architecture, we trained simultaneously on whole-slide images from multiple tumor sites and corresponding non-neoplastic tissue. Dimensionality reduction analysis of the weights of the last layer of the network capture groups of images that faithfully represent the different types of cancer, highlighting at the same time differences in staining and capturing outliers, artifacts and misclassification errors. Our code is available online at:https://github.com/sedab/PathCNN.
Metabolic Architecture of the Deep Ocean Microbiome
Authors: Acinas Silvia G. , Sánchez Pablo , Salazar Guillem , Cornejo-Castillo Francisco M. , Sebastián Marta , Logares Ramiro , Sunagawa Shinichi , Hingamp Pascal , Ogata Hiroyuki , Lima-Mendez Gipsi , Roux Simon , González José M. , Arrieta Jesús M. , Alam Intikhab S. , Kamau Allan , Bowler Chris , Raes Jeroen , Pesant Stéphane , Bork Peer , Agustí Susana , Gojobori Takashi , Bajic Vladimir , Vaqué Dolors , Sullivan Matthew B. , Pedrós-Alió Carlos , Massana Ramon , Duarte Carlos M. , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe deep sea, the largest compartment of the ocean, is an essential component of the Earth system, but the functional exploration of its microbial communities lags far behind that of other marine realms. Here we analyze 58 bathypelagic microbial metagenomes from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans in an unprecedented sampling effort from the Malaspina Global Expedition, to resolve the metabolic architecture of the deep ocean microbiome. The Malaspina Deep-Sea Gene Collection, 71% of which consists of novel genes, reveals a strong dichotomy between the functional traits of free-living and particle-attached microorganisms, and shows relatively patchy composition challenging the paradigm of a uniform dark ocean ecosystem. Metagenome Assembled Genomes uncovered 11 potential new phyla, establishing references for deep ocean microbial taxa, and revealed mixotrophy to be a widespread trophic strategy in the deep ocean. These results expand our understanding of the functional diversity, metabolic versatility, and carbon cycling in the largest ecosystem on Earth.One Sentence SummaryA whole community genomic survey of the deep microbiome sheds light on the microbial and functional diversity of the dark ocean.
Background free tracking of single RNA in living cells using catalytically inactive CasE
Authors: Gao Feng , Sun Yue , Jiang Feng , Bai Xiaoyue , Han Chunyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRNAs have important and diverse functions. Visualizing an isolated RNA in living cells provide us essential information of its roles. By now, there are two kinds of live RNA imaging systems invented, one is the MS2 system and the other is the Cas13a system. In this study, we show that when fused with split-Fp, CasE can be engineered into a live RNA tracking tool.
Enhanced and Unified Anatomical Labeling for a Common Mouse Brain Atlas
Authors: Chon Uree , Vanselow Daniel J. , Cheng Keith C. , Kim Yongsoo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnatomical atlases in standard coordinates are necessary for the interpretation and integration of research findings in a common spatial context. However, the two most-used mouse brain atlases, the Franklin and Paxinos (FP) and the common coordinate framework (CCF) from the Allen Institute for Brain Science, have accumulated inconsistencies in anatomical delineations and nomenclature, creating confusion among neuroscientists. To overcome these issues, we adopted the FP labels into the CCF to merge two labels in the single atlas framework. We used cell type specific transgenic mice and an MRI atlas to adjust and further segment our labels. Moreover, new segmentations were added to the dorsal striatum using cortico-striatal connectivity data. Lastly, we have digitized our anatomical labels based on the Allen ontology, created a web-interface for visualization, and provided tools for comprehensive comparisons between the Allen and FP labels. Our open-source labels signify a key step towards a unified mouse brain atlas.