bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic focalization strategies in the political discourse
Authors: Perea Siller Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse the strategies for focus marking in four interactions in a political debate.
Such debate, known as 7D, was broadcasted on December 7th, 2015 on La Sexta. The politics who
took part were Pedro Sánchez (representative of the Partido Socialista Obrero Español), Albert Rivera (representing Ciudadanos),
Pablo Iglesias (Podemos) and Soraya Sáenz (Partido Popular). I will analyse the procedures used by the speakers to focalize parts
of their formal spontaneous speech, such as the fundamental frequency, duration and loudness in tonic vowels, as well as the rate
of speech and pauses among other strategies.
Interpreting in Spanish criminal courts
Authors: Vigier Moreno Francisco J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The quality of the interpreting carried out in criminal courts has come to the fore in Spain with the entry into force of domestic legislation transposing Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010, on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, and Directive 2012/13/EU of 22 May 2012, on the right to information in criminal proceedings, which enshrines translation and interpreting as an essential element within procedural guarantees.
The TIPp project was aimed at developing resources that facilitate court interpreters’ tasks based on the data obtained from a representative corpus of authentic interpreter-mediated criminal proceedings. In this contribution we describe and analyse the corpus, highlighting aspects such as the interpreter’s mother tongue, the type of offence that was tried, the procedural situation of the non Spanish-speaking user and whether there was whispered interpreting or the interpreter was given any instruction.
Technical determinants of tackle and ruck performance in International Rugby Sevens
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , Sin Drew Wade , van Niekerk Tiffany , den Hollander Steve , Brown James , Maree Willie , Treu Paul , Lambert Mike 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRugby Sevens (‘Sevens’) is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. This growth was marked by the inclusion of the sport in the Olympic Games in 2016. The most frequently occurring contact events in Sevens are the tackle and ruck. Performing specific techniques during these contact events can reduce the risk of injury and increase the likelihood of success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the technical determinants associated with tackle and ruck performance outcomes in Sevens. A total of 4799 tackles and 1405 rucks from the 2014/2015 HSBC Sevens World Series were coded for contact, post‐contact, ruck, match contextual variables and outcomes. Relative risk ratio (RR), the ratio of the probability of an outcome occurring when a variable was observed, was determined using multinomial logistic regression. A moderate ball‐carrier leg drive reduced the probability of losing possession by 25% (RR 0.75, 95% CI, 0.58–0.97, p < .05). Conversely, ball‐carriers had a 53% higher likelihood of losing possession when the tackler executed a moderate leg drive (RR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.09–2.14, p ≤ .05). Maintaining possession at the ruck was more likely to occur when committing one attacker compared to two (RR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.19–0.49, p < .001). Active ball‐carrier placement also increased the likelihood of maintaining possession at the ruck (RR 14.67, 95% CI, 9.55–22.56, p < .001). Sevens coaches and trainers can now positively design evidence‐based technical training programmes and emphasise specific tackle techniques in training using data from Sevens video analysis. Also, given that this is the first study to relate tackle technical determinants to an outcome (i.e. the first ‘how’ study) in Sevens, this work provides the foundation for similar Sevens video analysis studies in the future.
On the ratio of lapses in bimetric relativity
Authors: Kocic Mikica , Lundkvist Anders , Torsello Francesco 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The two lapse functions in the Hassan–Rosen bimetric theory are not independent. Without knowing the relation between them, one cannot evolve the equations in the 3+1 formalism. This work computes the ratio of lapses for the spherically symmetric case, which is a prerequisite for numerical bimetric relativity.
Strong polarization of individual nuclear spins weakly coupled to nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond
Authors: Yun Jiwon , Kim Kiho , Kim Dohun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate high degree of polarization of 13C nuclear spins weakly interacting with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We combine coherent microwave excitation pulses with optical illumination to provide controlled relaxation and achieve a polarity-tunable, fast nuclear polarization of degree higher than 85% at room temperature for remote 13C nuclear spins exhibiting hyperfine interaction strength with NV centers of the order of 600 kHz. We show with the aid of numerical simulation that the anisotropic hyperfine tensor components naturally provide a route to control spin mixing parameter so that highly efficient nuclear polarization is enabled through careful tuning of nuclear quantization axis by external magnetic field. We further discuss spin dynamics and wide applicability of this method to various target 13C nuclear spins around the NV center electron spin. The proposed control method demonstrates an efficient and versatile route to realize, for example, high-fidelity spin register initialization and quantum metrology using nuclear spin resources in solids.
Laser-driven acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic, near-collimated titanium ions via a transparency-enhanced acceleration scheme
Authors: Li J , Forestier-Colleoni P , Bailly-Grandvaux M , McGuffey C , Arefiev A V , Bulanov S S , Peebles J , Krauland C , Hussein A E , Batson T , Fernandez J C , Palaniyappan S , Johnson R P , Petrov G M , Beg F N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Laser-driven ion acceleration has been an active research area in the past two decades with the prospects of designing novel and compact ion accelerators. Many potential applications in science and industry require high-quality, energetic ion beams with low divergence and narrow energy spread. Intense laser ion acceleration research strives to meet these challenges and may provide high charge state beams, with some successes for carbon and lighter ions. Here we demonstrate the generation of well collimated, quasi-monoenergetic titanium ions with energies ∼145 and 180 MeV in experiments using the high-contrast (<10−9) and high-intensity (

6
×

10

20

W

cm

−
2

) Trident laser and ultra-thin (∼100 nm) titanium foil targets. Numerical simulations show that the foils become transparent to the laser pulses, undergoing relativistically induced transparency (RIT), resulting in a two-stage acceleration process which lasts until ∼2 ps after the onset of RIT. Such long acceleration time in the self-generated electric fields in the expanding plasma enables the formation of the quasi-monoenergetic peaks. This work contributes to the better understanding of the acceleration of heavier ions in the RIT regime, towards the development of next generation laser-based ion accelerators for various applications.
Investigation of an alleged PLC hacking on sea vessels
Authors: Billard D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a case of alleged PLC (Programmable Logic controller) hacking aboard a commercial ship, and the forensic investigation of PLC components. It presents the lessons drawn from this case and the particular difficulty of investigating PLC and SCADA systems onboard. Whereas hacking is often seen as taking control of a ship, or part of a ship, it is also related to the alteration of the sensors, the PLCs, the data logger or the SCADA systems. This alteration can be done from a hacking group but in the investigated case, it is more likely an action triggered either by the ship owner, or the ship manufacturer himself. This paper also advocates for an addition of a section concerning cybersecurity in the SOLAS - Safety Of Life At Sea - convention or one of other IMO (International Maritime Organization) conventions.
Perception of stiffness trend in city residential buildings
Authors: Prada Botía G C , Rojas Suárez J P , Orjuela Abril M S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this project, a descriptive research was carried out in order to analyze, evaluate and detail the behavior of buildings between 4 and 18 floors of residential use in the City of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, at the moment they are subjected to forces produced by earthquakes. For this purpose, a sample of 40 buildings framed in the above-mentioned characteristics was used by means of the SAP 2000 software. The seismic analysis of each building was made and the displacements of these were obtained when they are submitted before an earthquake. With this information, it was possible to calculate the drifts and evaluate them based on the requirements that determine the stiffness conditions present in the buildings. Finally, a document was drawn up identifying those buildings that are susceptible to significant damage in the event of a seismic movement and recommendations, due to the fact that they represent a social risk.
Implementation of the GeoGebra software tool for geometrical reasoning competition in ninth grade students
Authors: Escamilla L N Medina , Pérez H J Gallardo , Montes L S Paz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study developed, and which is presented succinctly in this report, aimed to implement an intervention plan with the GeoGebra software tool for geometric reasoning in ninth grade students of the San José Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta. Methodologically, it is a quasi-experimental study of pretest and posttest with control group. The pretest showed flaws in Geometric Reasoning in the students, both in the control and experimental groups. These results led to the design and implementation of a Treatment Plan for the experimental group using the GeoGebra software tool. After applying the posttest, it was demonstrated, through its results, that the Plan was highly significant, since a high percentage of the students of the experimental group correctly answered the questions of the instrument on geometric reasoning.
Quantifying uncertainty in European climate projections using combined performance-independence weighting
Authors: Brunner Lukas , Lorenz Ruth , Zumwald Marius , Knutti Reto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Uncertainty in model projections of future climate change arises due to internal variability, multiple possible emission scenarios, and different model responses to anthropogenic forcing. To robustly quantify uncertainty in multi-model ensembles, inter-dependencies between models as well as a models ability to reproduce observations should be considered. Here, a model weighting approach, which accounts for both independence and performance, is applied to European temperature and precipitation projections from the CMIP5 archive. Two future periods representing mid- and end-of-century conditions driven by the high-emission scenario RCP8.5 are investigated. To inform the weighting, six diagnostics based on three observational estimates are used to also account for uncertainty in the observational record. Our findings show that weighting the ensemble can reduce the interquartile spread by more than 20% in some regions, increasing the reliability of projected changes. The mean temperature change is most notably impacted by the weighting in the Mediterranean, where it is found to be 0.35 °C higher than the unweighted mean in the end-of-century period. For precipitation the largest differences are found for Northern Europe, with a relative decrease in precipitation of 2.4% and 3.4% for the two future periods compared to the unweighted case. Based on a perfect model test, it is found that weighting the ensemble leads to an increase in the investigated skill score for temperature and precipitation while minimizing the probability of overfitting.
Steady State Analysis and Optimization for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu YongHong , Cai BaoPing , Niu ZhenWei , Wei XiaoXuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is widely used in ocean engineering field. Steady state analysis of AUV is considered as a necessary part in the design process. Motivated by improving the stability, a downwash filter based feedback optimization methodology for AUV is presented. First, combined with AUV structural parameters, the AUV four-degree of freedom motion space mathematical model is calculated to provide a mathematical basis for rock-bottom steady state control system. Second, the transfer function of the filter is derived according to the zero-pole and trajectory map of the AUV ontic system. Finally, the AUV optimized control system is established by series downwash filter. The simulation analysis result shows that the stability of the system is greatly increased after the whole system is connected to the filter.
Analysis of the mechanical response of materials used in design for highly stressed components
Authors: Brnic Josip , Krscanski Sanjin , Brcic Marino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper both the mechanical properties and responses of materials usually used in engineering for design and manufacture of highly stressed components were considered. Between the materials used for the aforementioned purposes are considered the following steel alloys: 30CrNiMo8, 20MnCr5, 51CrV4. Investigated mechanical properties of the materials were ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and modulus of elasticity, while in the area of mechanical responses were explored / tested creep behaviour and fatigue of the considered materials. In general, all of the responses are presented in the form of stress-strain curves, creep curves and S-N curves (maximum applied stress versus the number of the cycles to failure). Mechanical properties were tested at different temperatures, creep behaviour was investigated at different temperatures when material was subjected to stresses at prescribed percentage of yield strength while fatigue of the considered materials was investigated on smooth unnoched specimen for prescribed maximum uniaxial stress and for prescribed stress ratio. In addition, all of obtained data were analysed and compared regarding the type of used materials.
Feasibility of producing unfired four-hole hollow bricks from blended cement-fly ash-chippings under coupled-static forming pressure
Authors: Huynh Trong-Phuoc , Do Ngoc-Duy , Hwang Chao-Lung , Ngo Si-Huy , Mai Ngoc-Hang Thi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unfired four-hole hollow brick (UFHB) is a type of environmental-friendly brick with low energy consumption. However, the using of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in UFHB is costly and indirectly affects the environment. This paper focuses on an exploratory study on the use of blended fly ash (FA)-OPC in the production of the UFHB and proposes the application of FA-OPC mixtures as a timely solution for the reduction of OPC in UFHB. The 80×80×180 mm UFHB samples were produced using different proportions of FA and OPC under a constant coupled-static forming pressure. The report exhibited experimental characterizations on physical and mechanical properties of both starting materials and UFHB products. In addition, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the microstructure of the final UFHB. Test results show that the inclusion of FA in the UFHB mixtures provided positive effects on brick properties. As a result, 10% FA was found as an optimal content, which resulted in the highest brick’s strength, the lowest water absorption rate, and a denser microstructure. Furthermore, properties of all of the UFHB samples produced for this study satisfied the requirements of the National Vietnamese standard for non-bearing building brick.
Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles using various electrolyte concentrations in submerged glow discharge plasma
Authors: Ranjit M S , Julaihi M R M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research aims to study the effects of the manipulation of the concentration of electrolyte on the synthesis and size control of carbon nanoparticles. Submerged glow-discharge plasma (SGDP) method was used which is a type of electrolysis. This method was proven to be both cost effective and eco-friendly in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Carbon nanoparticles generally range from 1 to 100nm and its small size gives it a high surface area to low volume ratio which gives it an edge over the sheet and bulk metals. They vary in their mechanical properties with respect to their sizes which makes it ideal for the manufacturing industry. The ability to control carbon nanoparticle size will give manufacturers the ability to obtain the desired mechanical properties. This research brings the potential of being able to control the size of carbon nanoparticles with a simple and cost-effective method by changing the concentration of electrolyte and plasma discharge voltage. The manufacturing industry in the future can benefit from this research as they will be able to manufacture materials with better mechanical properties at a cheaper cost.
U(1) gauge symmetry free of redundancy and a generalized Byers-Yang theorem
Authors: Kang Kicheon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a reformulation of the U(1) gauge theory by eliminating the redundancy inherent in the conventional approach. Our reformulation is constructed on the basis of local field interaction approach to electrodynamics. The gauge symmetry in our framework is associated with a physical transformation, which represents the invariance of the equation of motion of a charged scalar field under the change in the distribution of electromagnetic field at a distance. We demonstrate that all physical properties of the U(1) gauge theory are preserved with the removal of redundancy in the gauge field. In addition, our reformulation provides a generalization of the Byers-Yang theorem to open systems.
Coupled trophic and contaminant analysis in seabirds through space and time
Authors: Gagné Tyler O , Johnson Elizabeth M , Hyrenbach K David , Hagemann Molly E , Bass Oron L , MacDonald Mark , Peck Brian , Van Houtan Kyle S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wildlife contaminant loads are often used to indicate ecosystem health, but their interpretation is complicated by the dynamics affecting the trophic transfer of toxins. Yet, coupled analyses of trophic position and contaminants may provide insights that help resolve the underlying signal of contaminants in ecosystems. Here, we analyze heavy metal concentrations and trophic positions for pelagic seabirds across time and space. We derive metal-specific trophic transfer coefficients from the literature and use them to interpret the changes in raw heavy metal concentrations in two settings: (i) for eight seabird species across a 125-year timeline in Hawaii, and (ii) for contemporary specimens of two tern species across three ocean basins. While previous studies report how trophic position varies in these two settings, here we investigate how trophic downgrading may affect the observed raw changes in contaminants. Using this approach, we find the highly-toxic metal elements (Hg, As, Pb) decline after 1980. However, several other metals (Cu, Mn, Mo, Cd, Fe) increase from 1990–2015. Though simultaneous biomagnification and trophic downgrading may obscure contaminant analyses across space and time, the trophic declines we observed (≤0.5 trophic level) are likely not sufficient to influence such comparisons. In addition, as extrapolating contaminant concentrations across broad ranges of trophic levels may be prone to large uncertainties, careful selection of the focal species for analysis is required. While high trophic level species, such as long-lived, fish-eating seabirds, are ideal for monitoring environmental contaminants across large spatial or time scales, lower trophic level species, like primary producers and consumers, may be more suitable for quantifying the concentrations of bio-available contaminants entering the marine ecosystem and the base of the marine food webs. Monitoring low and high trophic levels simultaneously may provide an integrated perspective that is needed to quantify the contaminants entering and bio-magnifying through marine ecosystems.
Multi-octave spanning, Watt-level ultrafast mid-infrared source
Authors: Butler T P , Lilienfein N , Xu J , Nagl N , Hofer C , Gerz D , Mak K F , Gaida C , Heuermann T , Gebhardt M , Limpert J , Krausz F , Pupeza I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present a source of brilliant mid-infrared radiation, seamlessly covering the wavelength range between 1.33 and 18 μm (7500–555 cm−1) with three channels, employing broadband nonlinear conversion processes driven by the output of a thulium-fiber laser system. The high-average-power femtosecond frontend delivers a 50 MHz train of 250 fs pulses spectrally centered at 1.96 μm. The three parallel channels employ soliton self-compression in a fused-silica fiber, supercontinuum generation in a ZBLAN fiber, and difference-frequency generation in GaSe driven by soliton self-compressed pulses. The total output enables spectral coverage from 1.33 to 2.4 μm, from 2.4 to 5.2 μm, and from 5.2 to 18 μm with 4.5 W, 0.22 W and 0.5 W, respectively. This spatially coherent source with a footprint of less than 4 m2 exceeds the brilliance of 3rd-generation synchrotrons by more than three orders of magnitude over 90% of the bandwidth.
Attention to age: similar dosing regimens lead to different vancomycin levels among older and younger patients
Authors: Yahav Dafna , Abbas Maria , Nassar Laila , Ghrayeb Alia , Shepshelovich Daniel , Kurnik Daniel , Leibovici Leonard , Paul Mical 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
little is known on the clinical implications of vancomycin trough levels among older patients.

Objective
to evaluate the association between vancomycin levels and outcomes among older versus younger patients.

Design
retrospective study.

Subjects
patients aged 18–64 and ≥65 years treated with vancomycin for documented methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.

Methods
we compared the effectiveness and toxicity of vancomycin according to trough levels in older versus younger patients. Subgroup analysis of patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) &gt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was performed.

Results
we included 181 patients aged ≥65 years and 104 younger patients. Mean age in the older group was 76.9 ± 8 years versus 50.9 ± 12.4 in the younger group. Vancomycin trough levels and 24-hours area under the curve to minimal inhibitory concentrations (AUC/MIC) were significantly higher in older patients who were also significantly more likely to achieve trough levels of ≥15 mg/l within 4 days, (98/181 (54.1%) vs. 38/104 (36.5%) in younger patients, P = 0.004). Results were similar among patients with GFR &gt; 60. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in older (74/181, 40.9% vs. 13/104, 12.5%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). There was no association between vancomycin trough levels and mortality among older patients. No significant differences were demonstrated in clinical or microbiological success or nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions
applying uniform dosing recommendations across age groups among adults with MRSA infections results in higher vancomycin levels and AUC/MIC in older versus younger patients. Yet, mortality rates remain higher among older adults. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal approach for using this drug in older patients.