bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esclavitud negra y procesos de racialización en el Atlántico Colonial Ibérico: Perspectivas confrontadas = Black Slavery and Racialization Processes in the Iberian Colonial Atlantic: Conflicting Perspectives
Authors: Jiménez González Aitor 
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El racismo como ideología ordenadora y jerarquizadora de la realidad social se configuró en torno a normas y leyes. Fue enunciado en términos legales y jurídicos. Este desarrollo jurídico legal tuvo su máximo exponente en los territorios conquistados y sometidos a régimen de gobierno colonial por parte de las naciones europeas. A pesar de que este desarrollo fue especialmente marcado en las regiones americanas colonizadas por España y Portugal no existe un cuerpo doctrinario latinoamericano consolidado que haya analizado el fenómeno del Derecho y el racismo. Con este artículo proponemos un análisis de la literatura existente en torno a la esclavitud africana y las diferencias sustanciales que existen entre las perspectivas hispanas y anglosajonas que abordan esta cuestión. Exponemos así mismo la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones que desde una perspectiva no anglocentrada nos permita comprender el fenómeno del racismo en el Derecho colonial de raíz hispana. Consideramos que el análisis de los procesos de racialización de la región desde una epistemología situada podría ayudar a comprender los fenómenos de racialización que suceden en la actualidad.Palabras clave: Derecho, racismo, esclavitud negra, racialización, tecnologías de poder, blanquitud, manumisión, colonialismo, gubernamentalidad, historia atlántica.Abstract: Racism, as a hierarchizing and ordering ideology of the social reality arose as a part of the legal order. Norms and rules were its constituent body. Territories submitted to colonial governance of European nations were its experimentations camps. Despite of the importance of racialized legal orders in colonial Latin-America, the region lacks of its own coherent body of socio-legal studies looking at the colonial racial relations. In this paper I will scrutinize relevant contributions in Law and Race looking at racial relations in colonial Latin America, specifically those related with black slavery. I aim to expose the substantial difference between Latin-American and Anglo-Saxon perspectives. My intention with that is to remark the necessity of developing a non anglocentered analytical perspective of the Iberian colonial world. This will give academics the possibility, not only of understanding Latin-American racial history but also of apprehending the nature of the current racialization processes.Keywords: Law, racism, slavery, black slavery, racialization, technologies of power, whiteness, manumission, colonialism, governmentality, Atlantic history.
Voluntarismo heurístico e historicidad en los estudios de género: un debate epistémico = Heuristic Voluntarism and Historicity in Gender Studies: An Epistemic Debate
Authors: Villarreal Julio Francisco 
Published: March 2019

Resumen: El presente trabajo provee a indagar respecto a las condiciones metodológicas y epistémicas que limitan la praxis heurística de todo aquel que se vea llamado a indagar sobre los estudios de género. Se sugiere aquí que en tanto el investigador social pretenda cuestionar los límites valorativos, axiológicos y gnoseológicos sobre los cuales se instituye la tradición de los estudios de género, tal investigador deberá poder renunciar, al menos iniciáticamente, a toda pretensión de cientificismo para su obra (a tal fin se apelará, cual ejemplo paradigmático, a la noción de la “performatividad de los cuerpos” de Butler). En tal sentido, se sugerirá que, a fin de cuentas, el costo de oportunidad teórico relativo a tal cuestionamiento puede ser exorbitantemente alto en tanto el mismo suponga coartar la libertad heurística del investigador de referencia. A lo largo de este ensayo, el autor no apelará a bibliografía filiada en el corpus teórico de los estudios de género, sino a contribuciones de la epistemología y la sociología del conocimiento. Por otro lado, tampoco se proveerá aquí a debatir sobre los derechos de aquellos grupos a cuyo análisis se abocan los estudios de género sino, por el contrario, a consideraciones epistemológicas relativas en tal disciplina.Palabras clave: Epistemología de los estudios de género, sociología del conocimiento, performatividad de los cuerpos, voluntarismo de los estudios de género, historicidad de los estudios de género.Abstract: The present work is intended to investigate the methodological and epistemic conditions that may constrain the heuristic realms of anyone who is devoted to the gender studies. It is suggested here that as long as the social researcher intends to question the values, mindset and gnoseological constructs on which the tradition of gender studies is instituted, such a researcher should be able to renounce, at least initially, to any claim of scientism to his work (to such an end, the author will appeal, as a paradigmatic example, to the notion of the "performativity of the bodies" of Butler). In such a sense, it will be suggested that, in the end, the theoretical cost of opportunity related to the abovementioned inquiry can be exorbitantly considerable as long as it supposes restricting the heuristic freedom of the researcher. Throughout this essay, the author will not appeal to bibliography related to the theoretical corpus of gender studies, but to contributions from epistemology and sociology of knowledge. On the other hand, the current essay is not grounded to discuss the rights of those groups which the gender studies attention is focused on, but, on the contrary, it will provide to exert some relative epistemological considerations within such a discipline.Keywords: Epistemology of gender studies, sociology of knowledge, performativity of bodies, voluntarism of gender studies, historicity of gender studies.
Rafael Escudero y Sebastián Martín (eds.) (2018), Fraude o esperanza: 40 años de la Constitución
Authors: García Higuera Rubén 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo reseña: Rafael Escudero y Sebastián Martín (eds.), Fraude o esperanza: 40 años de la Constitución . Madrid, Akal, 2018, 272 pp
Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
Authors: Vieira Maria João , Guimarães Sandra Viegas , Costa Patrício , Silva Eduardo 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening.Material and Methods: In this retrospective model, the sample corresponded to all children born in Braga Hospital during 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 years-old), with an ophthalmologic consultation in 2014. Data was collected from the clinical records and children were divided in a non-amblyopic versus amblyopic group. The amblyopic group was subdivided in strabismic versus refractive (anisometropic/bilateral).Results: The sample had a total of 1665 participants, 1369 (82.2%) without amblyopia and 296 (17.8%) with amblyopia. Among amblyopia: 67.9% (n = 201) refractive, 32.1% (n = 95) strabismic. Within refractive amblyopia: 63.7% (n = 128) anisometropic and 36.3% (n = 73) bilateral. The mean age at first consultation was 6.24 ± 3.90 years-old: 6.39 ± 3.98 for non-amblyopic and 5.76 ± 3.58 for amblyopic. Among amblyopia subgroups, there were significant differences in mean age at first consultation (F3,1250 = 8.45; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.020). Strabismic and bilateral refractive amblyopia were referred earlier, when compared to non-amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia (p < 0.05). Anisometropic amblyopia had the highest first consultation mean age: 6.92 ± 3.57 years-old.Discussion: Without specific pre-school screening, children with amblyopia were referred to their first ophthalmologic evaluation significantly later than desired, especially anisometropic amblyopia, with a postschool mean age for first consultation.Conclusion: Recognizing high-risk children is essential for earlier referral and helps minimize future visual handicap.
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Seven-Year Experience of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Monteiro Nuno Ferreira , Peres Susana , Mansinho Kamal 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous organisms. Precise determination of infection numbers is difficult, since reporting them to public health departments is frequently not mandatory; furthermore, isolating a non-tuberculous mycobacteria does not necessarily translate into disease. The aims of this study were to ascertain non-tuberculous mycobacteria data of a tertiary hospital, determine the incidence and approach to colonization versus disease, and the incidence of predisposing comorbidities.Material and Methods: Retrospective study in a tertiary hospital, involving patients with positive cultural exam for non-tuberculous mycobacteria in any biological sample, from 2010 to 2017.Results: A total of 125 non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates was identified, corresponding to 96 patients. Of these, 57.4% were male (n = 54); median age was 65 years (interquartile range = [50 - 82]). From these, 60.7% (n = 57) had some degree of immunosuppression, most frequently due to malignant tumour (49.0%) or HIV infection (39.2%). It was found that 29 patients (31.0%) had structural respiratory tract changes. Colonization was defined in 65.6% of patients (n = 63). While 71.0% of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections were pulmonary, the remaining 29.0% presented as disseminated. According to available clinical records, 60.6% (n = 20) of the presumably infected patients fulfilled American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria for non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease.Discussion: Several cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in this study presented as life-threatening, multi-systemic disease, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Other cases of presumed infection might instead have corresponded to colonization, possibly resulting in futile therapy.Conclusion: While there are diagnostic criteria for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections, no such guidelines exist to assess colonization. One of the most challenging aspects remains the correct differentiation between colonization and early-stage infection.
A telemedicina em foco
Authors: Feitosa Helvécio Neves 
Published: March 2019

A Telemedicina, como um componente da Telessaúde, tem sido utilizada principalmente para suporte diagnóstico de forma remota, pela interpretação de exames e a emissão de laudos médicos à distância, mediante o apoio de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs). O Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) a conceituou inicialmente como o exercício da Medicina através da utilização de metodologias interativas de comunicação e audiovisual e de dados, com o objetivo de assistência, educação e pesquisa em saúde (Resolução CFM nº 1.642/2002).1 Em sua formulação mais recente, a mesma entidade a conceitua como o exercício da medicina mediado por tecnologias para fins de assistência, educação, pesquisa, prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde (Resolução CFM nº 2.227/2018).2 A Telessaúde, por sua vez, pode ser definida como a prestação de serviços de saúde à distância, através do uso de TICs, compreendendo um campo mais abrangente, que engloba serviços em tele-educação, redes de investigação e tele-epidemiologia, redes de administração e gestão em saúde. Há ainda o conceito de e-Saúde (ou saúde digital), como uma proposta da OMS para unificar informações sobre pacientes, como medicamentos, consultas e exames, integrando softwares e dispositivos por meio da tecnologia. Para o Ministério da Saúde, o e-Saúde tem como objetivo aumentar a qualidade e ampliar o acesso à atenção à saúde, de forma a qualificar as equipes de saúde, agilizar o atendimento e melhorar o fluxo de informações para apoio à decisão em saúde, incluindo tanto a decisão clínica, de vigilância em saúde, de regulação e promoção da saúde, quanto à decisão de gestão.
Team Approach: Emergencies in Patients with Skeletal Metastases
Authors: Levin Adam S. , Alcorn Sara R. , Neuman Brian J. , Meyer Christian F. 
Published: March 2019

» Understanding the potential complexities and emergencies involved in the management of skeletal metastases, as well as the role of a carefully coordinated multidisciplinary care team to help to mitigate and manage these concerns, is essential in preventing potentially devastating complications when treating these patients.» A standardized algorithm, including serum and urine laboratory analysis and advanced imaging studies, can help to confirm the diagnosis for patients who have an osseous lesion without a previously proven malignancy with skeletal metastases. The order and timing of the various studies are often dictated by the urgency of the patient’s clinical care.» The optimal clinical management strategy may be dictated by the tumor’s responsiveness to radiation or systemic therapy options, as well as the patient’s functional needs and anticipated duration of survival. Early engagement and communication among all members of the clinical care team are critical to the efficient coordination of systemic therapy, radiation therapy, and orthopaedic surgical management of each patient with metastatic disease.» Hypercalcemia of malignancy may present a medical emergency in patients with skeletal metastatic disease, and its prompt recognition and multidisciplinary treatment is critical to patient survival.» Radiation therapy can provide excellent pain relief and may preclude the need for surgical intervention for many osseous metastases. However, for lesions treated with both radiation and a surgical procedure, wound-healing complications may ensue. Similarly, some systemic therapy modalities may impair wound-healing during the postoperative period. Thoughtful coordination and planning, along with continued communication, are key to the successful multidisciplinary management of these complex patients.
Social Media Use for Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Guthrie S. Trent , Parsons Theodore W. 
Published: March 2019

» There has been increasing use of social media in recent years by hospitals and health-care providers. Social media can provide an extension of the physician to an online presence and have potential practice-building implications.» Online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat are widely used and provide convenient opportunities for marketing, patient education, generation of referrals, professional development, and other career opportunities. Also, professional networks provide physicians with opportunities for collaboration, potentially improving care.» The benefits of social media use must be weighed against the potential risks, including potential liability, confidentiality breach, and risk to reputation.» This article reviews the current state of social media use for the orthopaedic surgeon, with focus on utilization of an online surgeon-patient relationship, compliance with ethical obligations, professionalism, and reputation.
Relationship Between the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid–NNDMA Copolymer Properties and Fluid Loss and Mixability in Cementing Fluids
Authors: Pearl William , Lewis Samuel , Singh John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Five different variants of the acrylamidotertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) / N,N-dimethylacrylamide (NNDMA) copolymer were examined and evaluated, comparing their mixability and fluid-loss performance. These were characterized using gel permeation chromatography equipped with multi-angle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS) and viscometry to evaluate the effects of number average molecular weight (Mn), radius of gyration (Rg), dispersity (Đ), and viscosity values in water and cement.
It was determined that there was an optimum Đ value at which the mixability performance of the cement slurry formulated with the fluid loss copolymer was achieved. Additionally, it was determined that an increase in Đ improved fluid loss performance for a given Mn and Rg. More interestingly, an increase in Rg at fixed Mn and Đ decreases fluid-loss performance, which is counterintuitive to the particle bridging mechanism.
A quantitative relationship between the copolymer characteristics and its fluid-loss performance was determined. Understanding the relationship between structure and function of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-NNDMA copolymers in a cement slurry is the first step toward designing fluid-loss additives with targeted properties.
Comparison of intubating conditions after induction with propofol combined with remifentanil or sufentanil in surgical tooth extraction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dolsan Adeline , Bruneteau Laura , Roche Christine , Ferré Fabrice , Labaste François , Sommet Agnès , Conil Jean-Marie , Minville Vincent 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare tracheal intubation conditions after anesthetic induction bolus of propofol-sufentanil or propofol-remifentanil. Methods A total of 70 patients, ASA I-II undergoing ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia with intubation for tooth extraction were randomly assigned in this double-blind study. They received either remifentanil (3 μg/kg) or sufentanil (0,3 μg/kg) associated with 2,5 mg/kg of propofol for intubation. Intubating conditions score were compared using the Scandinavian scale. The primary outcome was the comparison of the percentage of excellent intubation conditions. The secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients with a decrease of over 20% in MAP or HR, time to have a spontaneous respiration, time between the end of the surgery and extubation, time to obtain an Aldrete score of 10. The percentage of patients having a pain score>3 or having laryngeal pain 15 minutes after arriving in PACU were also analyzed. Discussion Compared with the sufentanil group, intubating conditions were significantly better in the remifentanil group (51.4% vs. 20%; p=0.0064). When using remifentanil, the hemodynamic conditions were good. Using remifentanil did not increase significantly the pain score or the laryngeal pain in recovery room. This is confirmed by the fact that morphine consumption was not significantly different in the two groups. Injecting remifentanil decreased significantly the time to obtain an Aldrete score of 10. When intubating without muscle relaxants is required, intubating conditions are widely better when remifentanil is used in comparison with sufentanil. Study registration This study was approved by the research ethics board (protocol number 09.001.03, favorable opinion of the CPP Sud-Ouest et Outre-Mer 1 dated January 19, 2011) and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01533662).
Winter Wheat Response to Fertilizer Type and Timing in Western South Dakota
Authors: Graham C.J. , Stockton M. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Split‐application of N in winter wheat produced relatively modest increases in grain yield and protein over at‐planting N applications.
The form of N, whether as broadcast urea or banded UAN, did not significantly affect either yield or protein.
Modest differences in yield and/or protein can have a significant impact on net revenue.
ABSTRACTIn the northern Great Plains, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grows across four seasons, allowing more time for nitrogen (N) to be lost to the environment. Recognizing uneven plant N uptake throughout the growing season, it has been established that split application of N can improve various growth parameters. However, climate plays a large role in the efficacy of split applications of N. Growing winter wheat in semiarid conditions requires careful N management, including application timing and fertilizer type, to optimize plant performance, resource allocation, and economic returns. This study was conducted in western South Dakota to evaluate the yield, protein, and economic effects of various at‐planting and split applications of N.
Comments on one-form global symmetries and their gauging in 3d and 4d
Authors: Hsin Po-Shen , Lam Ho Tat , Seiberg Nathan 
Published: March 2019

We study 3d and 4d systems with a one-form global symmetry, explore
their consequences, and analyze their gauging. For simplicity, we focus
on \mathbb{Z}_NℤN
one-form symmetries. A 3d topological quantum field theory (TQFT)
\mathcal{T}𝒯
with such a symmetry has NN
special lines that generate it. The braiding of these lines and their
spins are characterized by a single integer
pp
modulo 2N2N.
Surprisingly, if \gcd(N,p)=1gcd(N,p)=1
the TQFT factorizes \mathcal{T}=\mathcal{T}'\otimes \mathcal{A}^{N,p}𝒯=𝒯′⊗𝒜N,p.
Here \mathcal{T}'𝒯′
is a decoupled TQFT, whose lines are neutral under the global symmetry
and \mathcal{A}^{N,p}𝒜N,p
is a minimal TQFT with the \mathbb{Z}_NℤN
one-form symmetry of label pp.
The parameter pp
labels the obstruction to gauging the \mathbb{Z}_NℤN
one-form symmetry; i.e. it characterizes the ’t Hooft anomaly of the
global symmetry. When p=0p=0
mod 2N2N,
the symmetry can be gauged. Otherwise, it cannot be gauged unless we
couple the system to a 4d bulk with gauge fields extended to the bulk.
This understanding allows us to consider SU(N)SU(N)
and PSU(N)PSU(N)
4d gauge theories. Their dynamics is gapped and it is associated with
confinement and oblique confinement – probe quarks are confined. In the
PSU(N)PSU(N)
theory the low-energy theory can include a discrete gauge theory. We
will study the behavior of the theory with a space-dependent
\thetaθ-parameter,
which leads to interfaces. Typically, the theory on the interface is not
confining. Furthermore, the liberated probe quarks are anyons on the
interface. The PSU(N)PSU(N)
theory is obtained by gauging the \mathbb{Z}_NℤN
one-form symmetry of the SU(N)SU(N)
theory. Our understanding of the symmetries in 3d TQFTs allows us to
describe the interface in the PSU(N)PSU(N)
theory.
Analysis of distributions of indoor radon concentrations in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kononenko D. V. 
Published: March 2019

During 2001–2017 more than 800 thousand records containing the results of measurements of radon concentration taken in 78 regions of Russia were accumulated in the Federal databank of radiation doses to the population of the Russian Federation. The paper presents the procedure and results of the first data analysis carried out to check the conformity of radon concentrations in the regions of Russia with the lognormal distribution and to calculate the parameters of these distributions. The procedure included verification and validation of data, plotting the frequency distribution histograms and Q-Q plots (normal probability plots) and the use of some methods of elimination of plateaus on the Q-Q plots and the distribution recovery. As a result, in 74 of 78 analyzed regions radon concentrations conform quite well or almost perfect to a lognormal distribution up to a certain level (this level ranged from 55 to 4915 Bq/m3). For all 78 regions geometric means with 95% confidence intervals, geometric standard deviations and arithmetic means were calculated. It should be noted that due to the fact that the Federal databank is a database containing results of measurements taken with different techniques (instant measurements, charcoal canisters, radon monitors and etched track detectors), the lognormal distributions for most regions are in fact contaminated distributions, and currently it is impossible to calculate the parameters of separate distributions that form the mixture. The results show that dose assessment based on arithmetic means could lead to an overestimation of the doses from radon up to 2.1 times compared to that based on geometric means. The calculated medians can also be used for risk assessment purposes.