bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Discovery of Calcium Phosphate Urinary Stones Formation Induced by Melamine: Nanocrystalline Assembly Mechanism
Authors: Dong Wenya , Hu Ruiming , Wu Qingsheng 
Published: May 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionMelamine (Mel), a contaminant that has received much attention in recent years, has been adulterated into milk powder, causing a large number of infants suffering from kidney stone disease. To study the process and mechanism of calcium phosphate (CaP) stone formation induced by Mel, we simulated the formation process of CaP stones and studied the effect of Mel on crystallization in aqueous and synthetic urine systems, respectively. Ion selective electrode method was used to study the thermodynamic parameters and reaction rate of the crystallization process. It was firstly discovered that Mel could induce the formation of CaP crystals significantly under weak acidic urine conditions in which CaP cannot be stably present, so it may cause people to produce CaP stones. Thermodynamic parameter and reaction rate analysis indicated that Mel could increase the reaction tendency and accelerate the formation of CaP crystals, which was achieved by two process of electrostatic adsorption and release of calcium ions. This research is expected to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of Mel‐related stones.
Transcription factors Sp8 and Sp9 regulate the development of caudal ganglionic eminence‐derived cortical interneurons
Authors: Wei Song , Du Heng , Li Zhenmeiyu , Tao Guangxu , Xu Zhejun , Song Xiaolei , Shang Zicong , Su Zihao , Chen Haotian , Wen Yan , Liu Guoping , You Yan , Zhang Zhuangzhi , Yang Zhengang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCortical interneurons are derived from the subcortical medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) and preoptic area (POA). CGE‐derived cortical interneurons, which comprise around 30% of all cortical interneurons, mainly express Htr3a, calretinin (CR), Reelin (RELN) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In the present study, we show that transcription factors Sp8 and Sp9 are co‐expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the dorsal CGE. Conditional knockout of Sp8/9 using the Gsx2‐Cre transgenic line results in severe loss of CGE‐derived cortical interneurons. We observed migration defects of Sp8/9 double mutant CGE‐derived cortical interneurons as they had longer leading processes than controls and they ectopically accumulated in the CGE. Dlx5/6‐CIE conditional deletion of Sp8/9 also leads to a significant reduction in the CGE‐derived cortical interneurons. We provide evidence that Sp8/9 coordinately regulate CGE‐derived cortical interneuron development in part through repressing the expression of Pak3, Robo1, and Slit1. Finally, we show that Cxcl14, a member of the CXC chemokine family, is mainly expressed in CGE‐derived interneurons in cortical layers I and II, and its expression is critically dependent on SP8.
Identification of Android malware using refined system calls
Authors: K. Deepa , G. Radhamani , P. Vinod , Shojafar Mohammad , Kumar Neeraj , Conti Mauro 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe ever increasing number of Android malware has always been a concern for cybersecurity professionals. Even though plenty of anti‐malware solutions exist, we hypothesize that the performance of existing approaches can be improved by deriving relevant attributes through effective feature selection methods. In this paper, we propose a novel two‐step feature selection approach based on Rough Set and Statistical Test named as RSST to extract refined system calls, which can effectively discriminate malware from benign apps. By refined set of system call, we mean the existence of highly relevant calls that are uniformly distributed thought target classes. Moreover, an optimal attribute set is created, which is devoid of redundant system calls. To address the problem of higher dimensional attribute set, we derived suboptimal system call space by applying the proposed feature selection method to maximize the separability between malware and benign samples. Comprehensive experiments conducted on three datasets resulted in an accuracy of 99.9%, Area Under Curve (AUC) of 1.0, with 1% False Positive Rate (FPR). However, other feature selectors (Information Gain, CFsSubsetEval, ChiSquare, FreqSel, and Symmetric Uncertainty) used in the domain of malware analysis resulted in the accuracy of 95.5% with 8.5% FPR. Moreover, the empirical analysis of RSST derived system calls outperformed other attributes such as permissions, opcodes, API, methods, call graphs, Droidbox attributes, and network traces.
Towards Sustainable Lactic Acid Production: Avoiding Gypsum as a Byproduct by using Selective Liquid‐Phase Adsorption
Authors: Rübenach Lukas , Lins Jonas , Koh Ezra , Rose Marcus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe utilization of biomass is one of the major challenges for the transition from fossil to renewable resources. Often, the separation of the desired product from the reaction mixture is the most energy‐intensive step. Liquid‐phase adsorption is a promising separation technology that could significantly improve downstream processing in biorefineries. Highly hydrophobic adsorbents were applied for the separation of lactic acid (LA) from aqueous solutions and to avoid the formation of gypsum as a byproduct. High uptakes and selectivity were obtained in single‐solute and co‐adsorption experiments. Porous hyper‐crosslinked polymers (HCP) and polymer‐based spherical activated carbon performed best and showed excellent selectivity for the selective removal of LA. Desorption experiments revealed that HCP was the ideal adsorbent for the separation of LA from aqueous solution and enabled the production of gypsum‐free LA.
Effects of Song Experience and Song Quality on Immediate Early Gene Expression in Female Canaries (Serinus canaria)
Authors: Haakenson Chelsea M. , Madison Farrah N. , Ball Gregory F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFemale songbirds are thought to make mate choices based on aspects of male song quality. Male canaries (Serinus canaria) produce songs with “special” syllables that have been shown to be highly salient to female listeners – eliciting high rates of sexual displays and enhanced immediate early gene (IEG) expression. Immunohistochemistry for the IEG ZENK was used to examine the effects of experience with these syllables on activity in the caudal mesopallium (CMM) and nidocaudal mesopallium (NCM), two auditory areas important in processing conspecific song. Photostimulated female canaries were housed in sound attenuated chambers and played pseudosongs containing either three special syllables or three non‐special syllables, an intro, and an outro sequence. Females that heard special syllable pseudosongs exhibited higher ZENK expression in CMM. To assess the effects of experience, photostimulated females were pair housed and exposed to playback of song with or without special syllables for 14 days. After transfer to individual housing, birds were played one of the aforementioned stimuli or silence. ZENK expression in CMM and NCM was equivalent for song with and without special syllables, but significantly lower for silence. Females who experienced song with special syllables had lower plasma estradiol concentrations after final song playback. This study indicates that CMM exhibits an IEG response bias to special syllables in limited acoustic contexts, but not in full song, which may contain additional biologically relevant information. Furthermore, estradiol concentrations may mediate changes in song responses, serving as a mechanism for modulating mate choice in differing song environments.
PDGF‐B: The missing piece in the mosaic of PDGF family role in craniofacial development
Authors: Corsinovi Debora , Giannetti Kety , Cericola Alessia , Naef Valentina , Ori Michela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) family consists of four ligands (PDGF‐A, PDGF‐B, PDGF‐C, PDGF‐D) and two tyrosine kinase receptors (PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β). In vertebrates, PDGF signaling influences cell proliferation, migration, and matrix deposition, and its up‐regulation is implicated in cancer progression. Despite this evidence, the role of each family member during embryogenesis is still incomplete and partially controversial. In particular, study of the role of pdgf signaling during craniofacial development has been focused on pdgf‐a, while the role of pdgf‐b is almost unknown due to the lethal phenotypes of pdgf‐b‐null mice.ResultsBy using a pdgf‐b splice‐blocking morpholino approach, we highlighted impairment of neural crest cell (NCC) migration in Xenopus laevis morphants, leading to alteration of NCC derivatives formation, such as cranial nerves and cartilages. We also uncovered a possible link between pdgf‐b and the expression of cadherin superfamily members cdh6 and cdh11, which mediate cell‐cell adhesion promoting NCC migration.ConclusionsOur results suggested that pdgf‐b signaling is involved in cranial NCC migration and it is required for proper formation of craniofacial NCC derivatives. Taken together, these data unveiled a new role for pdgf‐b during vertebrate development, contributing to complete the picture of pdgf signaling role in craniofacial development.
New frontiers in modeling tuberous sclerosis with human stem cell‐derived neurons and brain organoids
Authors: Blair John D. , Bateup Helen S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent advances in human stem cell and genome engineering have enabled the generation of genetically defined human cellular models for brain disorders. These models can be established from a patient's own cells and can be genetically engineered to generate isogenic, controlled systems for mechanistic studies. Given the challenges of obtaining and working with primary human brain tissue, these models fill a critical gap in our understanding of normal and abnormal human brain development and provide an important complement to animal models. Recently, there has been major progress in modeling the neuropathophysiology of the canonical “mTORopathy” tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with such approaches. Studies using two‐ and three‐dimensional cultures of human neurons and glia have provided new insights into how mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes impact human neural development and function. Here we discuss recent progress in human stem cell‐based modeling of TSC and highlight challenges and opportunities for further efforts in this area.
Molecular analyses identify hybridization‐mediated nuclear evolution in newly discovered fungal hybrids
Authors: Sillo Fabiano , Gonthier Paolo , Lockman Blakey , Kasuga Takao , Garbelotto Matteo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHybridization may be a major driver in the evolution of plant pathogens. In a high elevation Alpine larch stand in Montana, a novel hybrid fungal pathogen of trees originating from the mating of Heterobasidion irregulare with H. occidentale has been recently discovered. In this study, sequence analyses of one mitochondrial and four nuclear loci from 11 Heterobasidion genotypes collected in the same Alpine larch stand indicated that hybridization has increased allelic diversity by generating novel polymorphisms unreported in either parental species. Sequence data and ploidy analysis through flow cytometry confirmed that heterokaryotic (n + n) genotypes were not first‐generation hybrids, but were the result of multiple backcrosses, indicating hybrids are fertile. Additionally, all admixed genotypes possessed the H. occidentale mitochondrion, indicating that the hybrid progeny may have been backcrossing mostly with H. occidentale. Based on reticulate phylogenetic network analysis by PhyloNet, Bayesian assignment, and ordination tests, alleles can be defined as H. irregulare‐like or H. occidentale‐like. H. irregulare‐like alleles are clearly distinct from all known H. irregulare alleles and are derived from the admixing of both Heterobasidion species. Instead, all but one H. occidentale alleles found in hybrids, although novel, were not clearly distinct from alleles found in the parental H. occidentale population. This discovery demonstrates that Alpine larch can be a universal host favouring the interspecific hybridization between H. irregulare and H. occidentale and the hybridization‐mediated evolution of a nucleus, derived from H. irregulare parental species but clearly distinct from it.
Knowing your limits: estimating range boundaries and co‐occurrence zones for two competing plethodontid salamanders
Authors: Amburgey S. M. , Miller D. A. W. , Brand A. , Dietrich A. , Campbell Grant E. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding threats to species persistence requires knowledge of where species currently occur. We explore methods for estimating two important facets of species distributions, namely where the range limit occurs and how species interactions structure distributions. Accurate understanding of range limits is crucial for predicting range dynamics and shifts in response to interspecific interactions and climate change. Additionally, species interactions are increasingly recognized as an important but not well‐understood predictor of range shifts. Our objective was to predict range limits and contact zones for two plethodontid salamanders, the highly range‐restricted Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) and the wide‐ranging red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). Using detection/non‐detection data, we assess four methodological decisions when estimating species’ distributions: (1) accounting for imperfect detection, (2) covariates to predict species occurrences, (3) accounting for species interactions, and (4) the inclusion of spatial autocorrelation. We found that Shenandoah salamander and red‐backed salamander co‐occurrence would have been underestimated and the range edge misidentified had we not accounted for incomplete detection. Covariates related to habitat were not sufficient to explain species’ range boundaries. Models that included spatial autocorrelation (i.e., a conditional autoregressive random effect) performed better than models that included just species interactions (i.e., detection and occurrence were conditional on the other species being present) and models that included both spatial autocorrelation and species interactions. Further, we found that the breadth of primary contact zones was typically 60–170 m, which is greater on average than previous estimates. In addition, we frequently observed secondary, disjunct contact zones along the range boundary. Understanding the extent to which species co‐occur and how the range boundaries are shaped is crucial to conservation efforts. Our work indicates that accounting for detection is crucial for accurately characterizing range edges and that spatial models may be especially effective in modeling distributions at the boundary.
Associations of co‐occurring psychosocial and lifestyle factors with multisite musculoskeletal pain during late adolescence—A birth cohort study
Authors: Heikkala Eveliina , Paananen Markus , Taimela Simo , Auvinen Juha , Karppinen Jaro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MS) pain is common. It often exists in several sites and is recurrent. Psychosocial difficulties and unhealthy behaviours have been related to multisite MS pain, but no literature has assessed the impact of accumulated psychosocial and lifestyle factors on recurrent multiple MS pain.MethodsOur data were gathered from two questionnaires of the well‐known Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986), sent to members when they were aged 16 and 18. A total of 1,625 adolescents (712 boys and 913 girls) answered questions on smoking, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleeping and emotional and behavioural problems at 16 years and on musculoskeletal pain at 16 and 18 years. Weight and height measurements were taken at a health examination at baseline. A latent class analysis and multinomial regression analysis were conducted.ResultsWe identified four clusters among both sexes. “Externalizing behavior” among both genders (OR 2.98, CI 1.73–5.13 among boys; OR 2.38, CI 1.38–4.11 among girls), “Multiple risk behaviors” among girls (OR 2.73, CI 1.30–5.71) and a “Sedentary” cluster among boys (OR 1.85, CI 1.21–2.82) were associated to recurrent multisite MS pain. “Obese” clusters had no significant associations with recurrent multiple MS pain.ConclusionsAdolescents with psychosocial difficulties and/or several adverse health behaviours were at an increased risk of recurrent multisite MS pain, which emphasizes the importance of simultaneously studying multiple rather than single factors. The identification of risk groups may help more accurately target preventive interventions.SignificanceThis study found subgroups of adolescents at risk of recurrent multisite musculoskeletal pain during late adolescence. The accumulation of multiple adverse behaviours is likely to provide new perspectives for understanding the multidimensional nature of multiple MS pains.
The role of movement leaders in building intergroup solidarity for social change: A case of the electoral reform movement in Malaysia
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Khoo Ying Hooi , Lickel Brian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLeaders of social movements play a critical role in mobilizing broader society for social change. However, we know little about how movement leaders strategize to build a movement. To examine this issue, we interviewed the central leadership team of the electoral reform movement (Bersih) in Malaysia, before and after a mass protest organized by the movement. We then used thematic analysis to provide theoretically derived insights into how the leaders fostered intergroup solidarity among multiple racial groups. Specifically, they (a) expanded the movement's boundaries to include new groups within its support base, (b) shared the demands of the movement with multiple groups, and (c) highlighted leaders that were representative of different groups the movement sought to unite. These findings demonstrate how leaders attempt to craft an inclusive movement identity (i.e., who we are, what we do, who stands for us) to mobilize a diverse society for social change.
Comparative proteomic analysis of plasma of children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Huang Qiong , Geng Zhi , Chen Tao , Cheng Xiangjun , Gu Haitao , Li Qingguo , Li Dianfu , Liu Rui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCongenital heart disease is one of the largest class of birth defects. Eight subjects with ventricular septal defect (VSD, a kind of congenital heart disease) and 11 health children were enrolled in tandem mass tags label‐based quantitative proteomic analysis to compare plasma proteins differentially abundance. A total of 66 proteins were significantly upregulated or downregulated in VSD patients compared with healthy children. These proteins were involved in pathways linked to platelet activation, fructose and mannose metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and carbon metabolism. The amount of ten proteins changed significantly (p < 0.05) in newly recruited 30 VSD compared with 15 control children, which were validated by ELISA. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB) and thymosin beta‐4 (Tβ4) were higher than those of other candidate proteins. ALDOB and Tβ4 might be potential biomarkers applied for identifying VSD in the further works.
Effects of Silver Nitrate are a Conservative Estimate for the Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Algae Growth and Daphnia magna Reproduction
Authors: Mertens Jelle , Oorts Koen , Leverett Dean , Arijs Katrien 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Silver (Ag) salts have been shown to be highly toxic to freshwater organisms. There is nevertheless still a high level of uncertainty as to the aquatic effects of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), and how these relate to the effects of soluble Ag salts. As part of the substance evaluation for Ag of the European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals regulation, we have generated new data to justify read-across from soluble Ag salts to AgNPs. The aquatic toxicity to algae growth and Daphnia magna reproduction, fate, and behavior of AgNO3 versus AgNPs were tested and compared. Chloride salts in the test media were replaced with equimolar concentrations of nitrate salts. Total Ag, “conventionally” dissolved Ag (0.45 µm), and “truly” dissolved Ag (3 kDa) were determined. Algae were the most sensitive test species to AgNO3 (10% effect concentration [EC10] 0.10 µg Ag/L) when expressed as conventionally dissolved Ag. The corresponding value for AgNPs was 0.26 µg/L. For D. magna reproduction, the lowest EC10 values were 3.49 µg Ag/L for AgNO3 and 33.4 µg Ag/L for AgNPs. Using measured Ag concentrations, AgNO3 was experimentally shown to be more toxic than AgNPs for all Ag fractions. We explain these observations by a different dissolution behavior of AgNO3 versus AgNPs. The results provide experimental confirmation that AgNO3 can be used as a conservative estimate for the aquatic effects of AgNPs at comparable Ag concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1701–1713. © 2019 SETAC
Phototoxicity Assessments of Field Sites in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, and Heavily Weathered Macondo Crude Oil: 4 Years after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Finch Bryson E. , Stubblefield William A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the release of large amounts of crude oil into waters of the Gulf of Mexico (USA). A significant portion of the oil reached coastal waters and shorelines where aquatic organisms reside. Four years after the spill, oil remains in small quantities along the coast. Given the high volume of oil coupled with the high ultraviolet light intensities of the Gulf of Mexico, continued polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity may be occurring in the Gulf region. The objective of the present study was to determine the potential for phototoxicity at 5 field sites (oiled, remediated, and unoiled) in Barataria Bay (LA, USA) to caged mysid shrimp and sheepshead minnows and to evaluate the phototoxic potential of field-collected oil water accommodated fractions (WAFs). Water chemistries were similar between field-collected oil WAFs and ambient waters, excluding the most oiled field site. Field bioassays indicated no phototoxic risk of heavily weathered crude oil under the highly turbid conditions present during the study. Laboratory WAFs of field-collected oil resulted in phototoxicity to mysid shrimp, suggesting a potential for phototoxicity of heavily weathered crude oil remaining in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1811–1819. © 2019 SETAC