bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPB SO74 - Autologous Islet Transplantation combined with Pancreatic resection in Adults and Children
Authors: Chikkala Bhargava , Longhorn Chelsey , Neito Angelos Maillo , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Wilson Colin , White Steven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
After extended pancreatic resections there is a risk of developing difficult to manage diabetes. The current NHS commissioning criteria only allows autologous islet isolation and transplantation in adult patients having total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis. We present our experience of pancreatic resection combined with autologous islet transplantation (AIT) in both adults and children.

Method
Patients were assessed for AIT electively or as an emergency if an extended resection was required for trauma. Patients with chronic pancreatitis were assessed for Total Pancreatectomy (TP) by a multi-disciplinary team which included gastroenterologists, diabetes physicians, pain specialists, surgeons and psychiatrists. A similar approach was used in children. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively with a MMT to assess any borderline diabetes.

Results
22 (20 adults and 2 children, age range 9-64 yrs) patients underwent pancreas resection with AIT. Two patients had islet isolated remotely (Edinburgh and Kings College). Five received AIT for trauma (one total and four subtotal). Other indications included Chronic Pancreatitis (n=17) one of which had Familial Hyocalciuric Hypercalcaemia. Ten had gene mutations PRSS1 (n=6) or SPINK1 (n=4). Mean number of islets transplanted were 1534 IEQ/kg ranging in total from &lt;5000- 443,000 IEQ. Patients with mutations received lower numbers of islets. Five remained insulin independent, overall 78% had measurable C peptide. 4/17 Chronic pancreatitis still have abdominal pain.

Conclusion
Pancreas resection combined with AIT is a viable treatment for both adults and children, even in those presenting with severe pancreatic trauma. Achieving good islet yields in patients with gene mutation remains a problem and is related to the extent of disease and duration of symptoms. Timing of TPIAT in these patients is critical if good outcomes are to be achieved.
HPB SO78 - A Novel Application of ISGPS Guidelines for Calculating Pancreatic Fistula Rates Post-Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Amin Golboo Abbasian , Allum Freddie , Talukder Shibojit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following distal pancreatectomy and there is continual debate regarding the optimal peri-operative practice. The impact of drain displacement on outcome is poorly understood and limited information is documented on how the ISGPS guidelines are used to determine a clinically significant POPF. This study aims to assess the POPF and drain displacement rate at our institution and identify factors predicting a clinically significant POPF. We have proposed an algorithm to standardise the interpretation of the ISGPS guidelines.

Method
Case records of patients undergoing left sided pancreatectomy at our institution from January 2019 to January 2024 were analysed to assess the incidence of biochemical and clinically significant POPF using ISGPS criteria. Post operative CT scans were reviewed to record drain displacement with respect to the pancreatic stump. Continuous data was represented as mean +/- SD or median(IQR) depending on normality. Appropriate statistical tests were used for comparison of continuous and categorical variables (alfa error of 5%). Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to assess the suitability of drain fluid amylase level as a predictor of clinically significant POPF.

Results
A total of 56 patients qualified for analysis. There was no difference between the clinically insignificant and significant groups with respect to age, gender, BMI, pathology and surgical technique (open/laparoscopic, splenic preservation, stump reinforcement). The clinically significant group had higher day three and peak drain amylase levels. The day of peak drain amylase was significantly later in this group. The drain displacement rate was 41% and did not differ significantly between the two groups. A day 3 drain fluid amylase level of 1120(U/L) had a 74% sensitivity of predicting a clinically significant POPF.

Conclusion
The ISGPS guidelines do not provide explicit criteria for stratifying the grade of POPF. We propose an algorithm to standardise the interpretation of these guidelines. Drain displacement did not impact POPF rate allowing for small sample size. Day 3 fluid amylase level is a useful predictor of clinically significant POPF.

Program permission
yes
Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood
Authors: Giannantoni Costanza , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Declining fertility and the persistent underrepresentation of women in the labour market are key concerns of our time. The fact that they overlap is not fortuitous. Traditionally, women everywhere have faced a conflict in balancing their career ambitions with family responsibilities. Yet, the pressures arising from this conflict vary enormously from one place to another. Existing research has tended to overlook the geographical features of this dilemma, which could result in an inadequate understanding of the issue and lead to ineffective policy responses. This article examines how variations in the quality of regional institutions affect women’s capacity to reconcile career and motherhood and, consequently, gender equality within Europe. Using panel data from 216 regions across 18 European countries, we uncover a positive effect of regional institutional quality on fertility rates, taking into account variations in female employment. Moreover, we show that European regions with better government quality provide a more reliable environment for managing the career/motherhood dilemma often faced by women. In contrast, women living in regions with weaker government institutions are more constrained in both their career and childbearing options.
A case of asymptomatic giant renal angiomyolipoma with extrusion of fat content with literature review
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Varshney Kartik , Qadri Shagufta , Ali Wasif Mohammad , Ali Imad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumour of kidney that consists of adipose tissue, muscle cells and blood vessels. Renal angiomyolipomas represent almost one percent of all renal tumours. We reported a case of a 50-year-old woman complaining of mild abdominal discomfort with no other symptoms and no remarkable medical history. Clinical examination was inconclusive and no lump was palpable in abdomen. Ultrasonography raised the suspicion of existence of a large, homogeneous, hyperechoic tissue mass arising from right kidney. Abdominal computed tomography scan suggested the presence of giant angiomyolipoma of right kidney. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma. The patient underwent open simple nephrectomy to remove the tumour without any complications. We documented a rare case of retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma with extrusion of fat content from the renal hilum breaching the cortex as peculiarity which presented just as mild abdominal discomfort.
Date palm diverts organic solutes for root osmotic adjustment and protects leaves from oxidative damage in early drought acclimation
Authors: Franzisky Bastian L , Mueller Heike M , Du Baoguo , Lux Thomas , White Philip J , Carpentier Sebastien Christian , Winkler Jana Barbro , Schnitzler Joerg-Peter , Kudla Jörg , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Reichelt Michael , Mithöfer Axel , Mayer Klaus F X , Rennenberg Heinz , Ache Peter , Hedrich Rainer , Messerer Maxim , Geilfus Christoph-Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important crop in arid regions and it is well adapted to desert ecosystems. To understand its remarkable ability to grow and yield in water-limited environments, we conducted experiments in which water was withheld for up to 4 weeks. In response to drought, root, rather than leaf, osmotic strength increased, with organic solutes such as sugars and amino acids contributing more to the osmolyte increase than minerals. Consistently, carbon and amino acid metabolism was acclimated toward biosynthesis at both the transcriptional and translational levels. In leaves, a remodeling of membrane systems was observed, suggesting changes in thylakoid lipid composition which, together with the restructuring of the photosynthetic apparatus, indicated an acclimation preventing oxidative damage. Thus, xerophilic date palm avoids oxidative damage under drought by combined prevention and rapid detoxification of oxygen radicals. Although minerals were expected to serve as cheap key osmotics, date palm also relies on organic osmolytes for osmotic adjustment in the roots during early drought acclimation. The diversion of these resources away from growth is consistent with the date palm strategy of generally slow growth in harsh environments and clearly indicates a trade-off between growth and stress-related physiological responses.
Two sides of the same coin? Cross-linguistic sentiment comparison and thematic discovery of reader’s reception of Wolf Totem
Authors: Chen Ruina , Zhong Zhuojun , Yuan Xinyu , Liu Haitao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite growing attention to the global dissemination of cross-cultural literature, rigorous research on cross-linguistic sentiment analysis remains limited, especially for works like Wolf Totem, which hold both worldwide reach and cultural depth. This study conducted a cross-language sentiment and thematic analysis of online book reviews by Chinese and English readers, utilizing advanced linguistic techniques such as BERT, MAXQDA, and ProtAnt. The analysis reveals that Chinese readers are more critical of the themes “Ethnicity and Culture”, “Society and Politics”, and “Wolf and Wolf Nature”, while English readers respond more positively to “Historical Context and Background”, “Plot and Theme”, and “Emotional Response and Reading Experience”. This study not only highlights these emotional variations but also provides robust methodological insights for cross-linguistic sentiment analysis, showcasing the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches and enhancing understanding of how cultural identity shapes reader engagement.
JADES: primaeval Lyman α emitting galaxies reveal early sites of reionization out to redshift z ~ 9
Authors: Witstok Joris , Maiolino Roberto , Smit Renske , Jones Gareth C , Bunker Andrew J , Helton Jakob M , Johnson Benjamin D , Tacchella Sandro , Saxena Aayush , Arribas Santiago , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Cameron Alex J , Cargile Phillip A , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stéphane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , Curtis-Lake Emma , D’Eugenio Francesco , Eisenstein Daniel J , Hainline Kevin , Hausen Ryan , Kumari Nimisha , Laseter Isaac , Maseda Michael V , Rieke Marcia , Robertson Brant , Scholtz Jan , Shivaei Irene , Williams Christina C , Willmer Christopher N A , Willott Chris 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Given the sensitivity of the resonant Lyman $\alpha$ (Ly $\alpha $) transition to absorption by neutral hydrogen, observations of Ly $\alpha$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) have been widely used to probe the ionizing capabilities of reionization-era galaxies and their impact on the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, prior to JWST our understanding of the contribution of fainter sources and of ionized ‘bubbles’ at earlier stages of reionization remained uncertain. Here, we present the characterization of three exceptionally distant LAEs at $z \gt 8$, newly discovered by JWST/Near-Infrared Spectrograph in the JADES survey. These three similarly bright ($M_\text{UV} \approx -20 \, \mathrm{mag}$) LAEs exhibit small Ly $\alpha$ velocity offsets from the systemic redshift, $\Delta v_\rm{{Ly\alpha }} \lesssim 200 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$, yet span a range of Ly $\alpha$ equivalent widths (15, 31, and $132 \, \mathring{\rm A}$). The former two show moderate Ly $\alpha$ escape fractions ($f_\rm{esc, {Ly\alpha }} \approx 10~{{\rm per\,cent}}$), whereas Ly $\alpha$ escapes remarkably efficiently from the third ($f_\rm{esc, {Ly\alpha }} \approx 72~{{\rm per\,cent}}$), which moreover is very compact (half-light radius of $90 \pm 10 \, \mathrm{pc}$). We find these LAEs are low-mass galaxies dominated by very recent, vigorous bursts of star formation accompanied by strong nebular emission from metal-poor gas. We infer the two LAEs with modest $f_\rm{esc, {Ly\alpha }}$, one of which reveals evidence for ionization by an active galactic nucleus, may have reasonably produced small ionized bubbles preventing complete IGM absorption of Ly $\alpha$. The third, however, requires a $\sim \!3 \, \text{physical Mpc}$ bubble, indicating faint galaxies have contributed significantly. The most distant LAEs thus continue to be powerful observational probes into the earlier stages of reionization.
Simultaneous optical and X-ray detection of a thermonuclear burst in the 2024 outburst of EXO 0748−676
Authors: Knight Amy H , Rhodes Lauren , Buisson Douglas J K , Matthews James H , Castro Segura Noel , Ingram Adam , Middleton Matthew , Roberts Timothy P 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, EXO 0748−676, recently returned to outburst after a $\sim\!\! 16$ yr-long quiescence. Since its return, there has been a global effort to capture the previously unseen rise of the source and to understand its somewhat early return to outburst, as it is typical for a source to spend longer in quiescence than in outburst. Here, we report on the simultaneous optical and X-ray detection of a type I X-ray burst, captured by XMM–Newton during a director’s discretionary time observation on 2024 June 30. The data show three X-ray eclipses consistent with the known ephemeris and one type I X-ray burst at 60492.309 MJD. The X-ray burst is reprocessed into the optical band and captured by XMM–Newton’s Optical Monitor during a 4399 s exposure with the B filter in image $+$ fast mode. We determine that the optical peak lags the X-ray peak by $4.46 \pm 1.71$ s. The optical and X-ray rise times are similar, but the optical decay time-scale is shorter than the X-ray decay time-scale. The reprocessing site is likely within a few light-seconds of the X-ray emitting region, so the companion star, accretion disc, and ablated material are all plausible.
Unraveling demographic patterns in tropical birds across an elevational gradient
Authors: Neate-Clegg Montague H C , Saracco James F , Rodríguez-Vásquez Fabiola , Jones Samuel E I 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
An increasing body of evidence has displayed upslope shifts in the high-diversity avian communities of tropical mountains. Such shifts have largely been attributed to warming climates, although their actual mechanisms remain poorly understood. One likely possibility is that changes in species-specific demographic rates underlie elevational range shifts. Fine-scale population monitoring and capture–mark–recapture (CMR) analysis could shed light on these mechanisms, but, until recently, analytical constraints have limited our ability to model multiple demographic rates across bird communities while accounting for transient individuals. Here, we used Bayesian hierarchical multi-species CMR models to estimate the apparent survival, recruitment, and realized population growth rates of 17 bird species along an elevational gradient in the cloud forests of Honduras. For 6 species, we also modeled demographic rates across elevation and time. Although demographic rates varied among species, population growth rates tended to be higher in lower elevation species. Moreover, some species showed higher population growth rates at higher elevations, and elevational differences in growth rates were positively associated with previous estimates of upslope shifts at the study site. We also found that demographic rates showed contrasting trends across the duration of the study, with recruitment decreasing and apparent survival increasing, and stronger effects at lower elevations. Collectively, we provide the methodological tools to encourage more multi-species demographic analyses in other systems, while highlighting the potential for the demographic impacts of global change. We provide a Spanish translation in the Supplementary Materials.
Property not required for its trust purpose—and the concept of ‘general charitable intent’
Authors: Wilde David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article compares the treatment of various types of trust where the settlor stipulates that trust property is to be used to pursue a particular purpose, but that purpose proves abortive, leaving the relevant property not now needed for the purpose and not otherwise disposed of. It argues that charitable trusts, and in particular the doctrine of ‘general charitable intent’ leading to cy-près application, could perhaps draw a lesson from beneficiary trusts.
Dosing, Toxicity and Drug Concentrations for Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir in Preterm and Low Birthweight Infants Treated for Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Abu Bakar Asrar , Payne Helen , Tickner Neil , Muhd Helmi Muhd Alwi , Jacobs Tom G. , Lyall Hermione 
Published: November 2024

Background:
There is a lack of data regarding suitable dosage when administering intravenous ganciclovir (GCV) or oral valganciclovir (valGCV) to preterm and low birthweight infants with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.

Methods:
Data were collected for infants born before 32 weeks gestation and/or weighing less than 1.8 kg treated for CMV disease with GCV or valGCV between 2016 and 2023.

Results:
Twenty-four infants (58% males and 48% Asian ethnicity) with a median gestation of 31 weeks [interquartile range (IQR): 26.6–36.1], median weight of 950 g (IQR: 470–1692) and median age of 45 days (IQR: 6–84) at initiation of treatment were included. Seventeen infants were treated for symptomatic postnatal CMV and 7 for symptomatic congenital CMV. Most infants receiving GCV had 6 mg/kg twice daily dosing and most receiving valGCV had 16 mg/kg twice daily dosing. Fourteen infants had drug concentrations measured with combined geometric mean minimum blood plasma concentration (Cmin) of 2.44 mg/L and maximum blood plasma concentration of 7.98 mg/L for doses of 6 mg/kg GCV and 16 mg/kg valGCV, which is higher compared with term infants. The estimated area under the curve at 12 hours (AUC0–12h) was 54.34 mg × h/L, which doubled the value for term infants in a previous study. Notably, AUC0–12h had an inverse relationship with gestational age and weight. Infants with lower gestation and higher Cmin showed a higher tendency for more than 1 adverse effect.

Conclusions:
GCV and valGCV use among preterm and very low birthweight infants with CMV disease resulted in a higher incidence of adverse events, increased AUC0–12h and elevated Cmin compared with term infants. Further pharmacokinetic studies are necessary to determine the ideal dosage in this population.
Unforeseen challenge: bilateral, spontaneous, symmetrical displacement of toric implantable collamer lens: case report
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Chaudhary Sanjay , Mehra Hema , Pandey Alka 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The phakic intraocular lenses represent a significant advancement in refractive correction particularly in patients for whom conventional procedures such as laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are contraindicated. To our knowledge, although studies have extensively documented the occurrence and management of implantable collamer lens (ICL) rotation, spontaneous displacement of the ICL has not yet been documented. In this article, we present an interesting case of bilateral ICL displacement.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
After undergoing bilateral ICL surgery, the patient presented with blurring of vision the next day. On examination, there was symmetrical bilateral displacement of the ICL despite having implanted the maximum size of this lens.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
After discussion and analysis, a bilateral explantation of the ICL was performed.

Conclusions:
Despite taking into consideration all the essential anterior segment parameters for ICL size calculation, there can still be a possibility of ICL displacement.
Ciliary processes and ciliary sulcus hypoplasia in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Sugiura Takeshi , Sakimoto Toru 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Lens dislocation is a major ophthalmological complication of Marfan syndrome. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has reported direct observation of the ciliary sulcus in living eyes of patients with Marfan syndrome. Therefore, in this study, we report hypoplasia of the ciliary process and sulcus observed using intraocular endoscopy in patients with Marfan syndrome and lens dislocation.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
We performed the ciliary sulcus suture fixation of intraocular lens in both eyes of 3 cases with Marfan syndrome and lens dislocation. The ciliary sulcus observed using an intraocular endoscope revealed hypoplasia of the ciliary process in all 3 cases. Therefore, no ciliary sulcus was formed.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Lens luxation was caused by rupture of the zonules of Zinn, most likely caused by hypoplasia of the ciliary process. Hypoplasia of the ciliary processes has been suggested to cause hypoplasia or excessive elongation of the zonules of Zinn, leading to their rupture.

Conclusions:
Anatomical hypoplasia of the ciliary process was recognized in Marfan syndrome, possibly leading to zonal rupture and lens dislocation. Ciliary process hypoplasia may be associated with Marfan syndrome.
The Effect of Internet-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life Among Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Maithreepala Sujeewa Dilhani , Chao Hsin-Yu , Chen Hsing-Mei , Pimsen Apiradee , Shu Bih-Ching 
Published: November 2024

Background
Internet-based cardiac rehabilitation (IBCR) is an innovative, alternative platform used in current practice for the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The impact of IBCR on anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with IHD remains inconclusive.

Objective
To explore the effect of IBCR on anxiety, depression, and QoL among patients with IHD.

Methods
Five databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science) and additional resources were searched to identify studies published between January 2014 and March 2024. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist were used. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality, eligibility, and data extraction. RevMan (version 5.3) software was used for the meta-analysis. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023387666).

Results
Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included across 9 countries. A total of 2256 participants, with a mean age ranging from 55 to 63 years, the majority being men (73%), were identified. IBCR did not significantly reduce anxiety (P = .22) or depression (P = .44) or increase QoL (P = .21) compared with usual care. Intervention was delivered mainly via smartphones. Physical activities and risk factor management were mostly used, and behavioral changes less likely occurred. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was mostly used.

Conclusions
IBCR was comparable to the effects of usual care in cardiac rehabilitation. Theory-driven interventions with larger and diverse sample sizes, and longer durations across different regions, are recommended for reliable findings.