bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights into Nail Penetration of Li‐Ion Batteries: Effects of Heterogeneous Contact Resistance
Authors: Chen Meijie , Ye Qin , Shi Changmin , Cheng Qian , Qie Boyu , Liao Xiangbiao , Zhai Haowei , He Yurong , Yang Yuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNail penetration is one important mode of catastrophic failure in Li‐ion batteries, and the contact resistance between a nail and electrodes is a dominant factor for heat generation. Surprisingly, previous studies always assume uniform resistance and there is no experimental measurement of contact resistance, to the best of our knowledge. In this report, the contact resistance is determined experimentally. The contact resistance between a nail (diameter=1.25 mm) and a Cu/graphite electrode is 2.5±1.5 Ω, and a nail and Al/LiCoO2 is 20.3±12.4 Ω. These values are in the same order of the geometric mean of the resistance between nail/metal substrate and nail/active materials, suggesting a random connection network among the nail, the metal substrate, and active materials. It is found that the resistance can vary as large as 1–2 orders of magnitude, and such fluctuation is critical to the magnitude of temperature rise during nail penetration, which can increase temperature rise by ∼93 % compared to homogeneous contact resistance. The results show that the heterogeneity in contact resistance should be considered. Based on such new understanding, a simple approach to reduce the temperature increase during nail penetration was proposed by having the anode as the outermost layer.
An improved LC–MS/MS method for determination of cinacalcet in human plasma and its application to the evaluation of food intake effect on the pharmacokinetics of cinacalcet in healthy volunteers
Authors: Li Lin‐ling , Chen Cai‐li , Cai Ning‐fang , Yi Jin‐ling , Zheng Chao , Feng Yan , Xiong Wen‐gang , Luo Xi , Li Wei‐hua , Cheng Ze‐neng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of cinacalcet in human plasma was developed and validated. This assay was based on liquid–liquid extraction and cinacalcet‐d4 was used as an internal standard (IS). Separation was achieved on a C18 column by the mobile phase A of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and the mobile phase B of acetonitrile–water (95:5, v/v) (containing 0.2% formic acid) with gradient elution. Quantification was done using multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor‐to‐product ion transitions of m/z 358.2 → m/z 155.2 for cinacalcet and m/z 362.3 → m/z 155.0 for IS at positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was established over the range 0.05–20.0 ng/mL and the correlation coefficient was >0.99. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were <5.8%. Accuracy determined at four concentrations ranged between 96.0 and 106.0%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic description of oral dose of cinacalcet and the significant effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of cinacalcet was first demonstrated in Chinese healthy volunteers.
Use of image analysis to understand enzyme stability in an aerated stirred reactor
Authors: Dias Gomes Mafalda , Moiseyenko Rayisa P. , Baum Andreas , Jørgensen Thomas M. , Woodley John M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEfficient regeneration of NAD(P)+ cofactors is essential for large‐scale application of alcohol dehydrogenases due to the high cost and chemical instability of these cofactors. NAD(P)+ can be regenerated effectively using NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) that require molecular oxygen as a cosubstrate. In large‐scale biocatalytic processes, agitation and aeration are needed for sufficient oxygen transfer into the liquid phase, both of which have been shown to significantly increase the rate of enzyme deactivation. As such, the aim of this study was to identify the existence of a correlation between enzyme stability and gas–liquid interfacial area inside the bioreactor. This was done by measuring gas–liquid interfacial areas inside an aerated stirred reactor, using an in situ optical probe, and simultaneously measuring the kinetic stability of NOXs. Following enzyme incubation at various power inputs and gas‐phase compositions, the residual activity was assessed and video samples were analyzed through an image processing algorithm. Enzyme deactivation was found to be proportional to an increase in interfacial area up to a certain limit, where power input appears to have a higher impact. Furthermore, the presence of oxygen increased enzyme deactivation rates at low interfacial areas. The areas were validated with defined glass beads and found to be in the range of those in large‐scale bioreactors. Finally, a correlation between the enzyme half‐life and specific interfacial area was obtained. Therefore, we conclude that the method developed in this contribution can help to predict the behavior of biocatalyst stability under industrially relevant conditions, concerning specific gas–liquid interfacial areas.
Teaching programming using dedicated Arduino Educational Board
Authors: Perenc Izabela , Jaworski Tomasz , Duch Piotr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to teaching programming to undergraduate computer science students. A dedicated Arduino board along with custom application programming interface (API) was introduced into programming classes with a view to strengthen students’ engagement and improving the attractiveness of the course. The students were presented with basic functionalities of the board, which gave them a possibility to accomplish their own projects—typically video games—without any background in electronics. The level of engagement of the participants was observed by the tutors during classes and also reviewed based on questionnaires filled by 347 first‐, second‐, and third‐year undergraduates. The results indicated that the proposed approach was well received by nearly 80%, while nearly 75% of the participants expressed a wish to continue their Computer Science education using Arduino.
Outcomes of nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention requiring mechanical circulatory support in patients without cardiogenic shock
Authors: Al‐khadra Yasser , Alraies M. Chadi , Darmoch Fahed , Pacha Homam M. , Soud Mohamad , Kaki Amir , Rab Tanveer , Grines Cindy L. , Meraj Pewaiz , Alaswad Khaldoon , Kwok Chun S. , Mamas Mamas , Kapadia Samir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD) or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been increasing. We sought to evaluate the outcome of coronary intervention using PVAD compared with IABP in noncardiogenic shock and nonacute myocardial infarction patients.MethodUsing the National Inpatient Sampling (NIS) database from 2005 to 2014, we identified patients who underwent PCI using ICD 9 codes. Patients with cardiogenic shock, acute coronary syndrome, or acute myocardial infarction were excluded. Patient was stratified based on the MCS used, either to PVAD or IABP. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to study PCI outcome using PVAD compared with IABP.ResultsOut of 21,848 patients who underwent PCI requiring MCS, 17,270 (79.0%) patients received IABP and 4,578 (21%) patients received PVAD. PVAD patients were older (69 vs. 67, p < .001), were less likely to be women (23.3% vs. 33.3%, p < .001), and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia prior PCI, prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery, anemia, chronic lung disease, liver disease, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease compared with IABP group (p ≤ .007). Using Multivariate logistic regression, PVAD patients had lower in‐hospital mortality (6.1% vs. 8.8%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62; 95% CI 0.51, 0.77, p < .001), vascular complications (4.3% vs. 7.5%, aOR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62, 0.99, p = .046), cardiac complications (5.6% vs. 14.5%, aOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.24, 0.36, p < .001), and respiratory complications (3.8% vs. 9.8%, aOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.28, 0.48, p < .001) compared with patients who received IABP.ConclusionDespite higher comorbidities, nonemergent PCI procedures using PVAD were associated with lower mortality compared with IABP.
Cutaneous necrotizing small‐vessel vasculitis induced by acute hepatitis E
Authors: Viallard Jean‐François , Vergier Béatrice , Lazaro Estibaliz , Greib Carine , Pellegrin Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus is a new emergent virus causing acute self‐limiting hepatitis, but may also cause extrahepatic manifestations. Hepatitis E virus should be systematically considered in patients with cutaneous small‐vessel vasculitis and cytolytic hepatitis.
Rounding the corner on residual risk: Implications of REDUCE‐IT for omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids treatment in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Baum Seth J. , Scholz Kenneth P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPatients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease remain at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events even during optimal lipid‐lowering therapy. Recent studies using the methods of Mendelian randomization, as well as analyses of data from large statin trials, have concluded that elevated triglyceride (TG) levels contribute to that increased risk. Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega‐3 PUFAs) from fish and shellfish (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) reduce TG levels when added to the diet in sufficient amounts, and they have favorable effects on several other markers of CV risk. However, trials of omega‐3 PUFAs have had inconsistent findings regarding CV risk reduction. Recently, the REDUCE‐IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with EPA‐Intervention Trial) trial reported that treatment of such high‐risk patients with icosapent ethyl, a purified and stabilized ethyl ester of EPA, reduced the risk of the trial's primary CV endpoint by 25% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 32%‐17%; P < .001). To appreciate the clinical implications of this result, it is important to understand how the REDUCE‐IT trial differed from previous trials, especially with regard to patient enrollment criteria and treatment dosing. We discuss these design features relative to other trials. TG lowering can account for only part of the risk reduction seen with icosapent ethyl; we also consider other potential contributory mechanisms.
Rational Adaptation of L3MBTL1 Inhibitors to Create Small‐Molecule Cbx7 Antagonists
Authors: Simhadri Chakravarthi , Daze Kevin D. , Douglas Sarah F. , Milosevich Natalia , Monjas Leticia , Dev Amarjot , Brown Tyler M. , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Wulff Jeremy E. , Hof Fraser 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChromobox homolog 7 (Cbx7) is an epigenetic modulator that is an important driver of multiple cancers. It is a methyl reader protein that operates by recognizing and binding to methylated lysine residues on specific partners. Herein we report our efforts to create low‐molecular‐weight inhibitors of Cbx7 by making rational structural adaptations to inhibitors of a different methyl reader protein, L3MBTL1, inhibitors that had previously been reported to be inactive against Cbx7. We evaluated each new inhibitor for Cbx7 inhibition by fluorescence polarization assay, and also confirmed the binding of selected inhibitors to Cbx7 by saturation‐transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. This work identified multiple small‐molecule inhibitors with modest (IC50: 257–500 μm) potency.
Progress in simplifying hydrologic model parameterization for broad applications to post‐wildfire flooding and debris‐flow hazards
Authors: Rengers F. K. , McGuire L. A. , Kean J. W. , Staley D. M. , Youberg A. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPredicting the timing of overland flow in burned watersheds can help to estimate debris‐flow timing and the location of debris‐flow initiation. Numerical models can produce flow predictions, but they are limited by our knowledge of appropriate model parameters. Moreover, opportunities to test and calibrate model parameters in post‐wildfire settings are limited by available data (measurements of debris‐flow timing are rare). In this study, we use a unique data set of rainfall and flow‐timing data to test the extent to which model parameters can be generalized from an individual watershed to other watersheds (0.01 km 2 to >1km 2) within a burned area. Simulations suggest that a single, low, saturated hydraulic conductivity value can be used in post‐wildfire landscapes with reasonable results. By contrast, we found that watershed‐scale effective Manning roughness parameter values decrease as a power‐law function of basin drainage area. Thus a Manning roughness parameter calibrated for a single basin within a burned area may not provide adequate results in a different watershed. However, when flow velocity is modeled independently for hillslopes and channels, and different roughness parameters are used for those morphometric units, there is no drainage‐area dependence on the roughness parameters. Moreover, we found that it was possible to use field‐measured grain size data to parameterize the roughness for both hillslopes and channels. Thus our results show that, employing this generalizable approach, it is possible to use field measurements to fully parameterize a model that produces peak flow timing to within a few minutes in storms lasting several hours. Further, we demonstrate how model simulations can be leveraged to identify areas within a watershed that are most susceptible to debris flows. This modeling approach could be used for decision making in hazardous burned areas and would be especially useful in ungaged basins. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decoupled kinematics of two neighbouring permafrost creeping landforms in the Eastern Italian Alps
Authors: Seppi Roberto , Carturan Luca , Carton Alberto , Zanoner Thomas , Zumiani Matteo , Cazorzi Federico , Bertone Aldo , Baroni Carlo , Salvatore Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn overall acceleration of rock glacier displacement rates in the Alps has been observed in recent decades, with several cases of destabilization leading to potential geomorphological hazards. This behaviour has been attributed to the rising permafrost temperature, induced by atmospheric warming and regulated by thermo‐hydrological processes. Landforms derived from the interaction of glacier remnants and permafrost are widespread in mountain areas, but are less studied and monitored than talus rock glaciers. This work presents a comparative study of a talus rock glacier and a glacial‐permafrost composite landform (GPCL) in the Eastern Italian Alps. The two landforms are only 10 km apart, but have rather different elevation ranges and main slope aspects. The kinematics and ground thermal conditions were monitored from 2001 to 2015 along with geomorphological surveys, analyses of historical maps and remote sensing data. The dynamic behaviour of the rock glacier was similar to the majority of monitored rock glaciers in the Alps, with an acceleration after 2008 and a velocity peak in 2015. In contrast, the GPCL had a nearly unchanged displacement rate during the observation period. Statistical analyses of kinematic vs. nivo‐meteorological variables revealed a dynamic decoupling of the two landforms after 2008 that corresponds with increased winter snow accumulation. Although the kinematics of both landforms respond to ground surface temperature variations, the collected evidence suggests a different reaction of ground surface temperature to variations in the precipitation regime. This different reaction is likely due to local topo‐climatic conditions that affect snow redistribution by wind. The different reactions of the two systems to the same climatic forcing is likely a legacy of their different origins. GPCL dynamics result from interaction of permafrost and residual glacial dynamics that are associated with possible peculiarities in the internal/basal meltwater circulation, whose future response is uncertain and requires improved understanding. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory, stress, and the hippocampal hypothesis: Firefighters' recollections of the fireground
Authors: Metcalfe Janet , Brezler Jason C. , McNamara James , Maletta Gabriel , Vuorre Matti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNadel, Jacobs, and colleagues have postulated that human memory under conditions of extremely high stress is “special.” In particular, episodic memories are thought to be susceptible to impairment, and possibly fragmentation, attributable to hormonally based dysfunction occurring selectively in the hippocampal system. While memory for highly salient and self‐relevant events should be better than the memory for less central events, an overall nonmonotonic decrease in spatio/temporal episodic memory as stress approaches traumatic levels is posited. Testing human memory at extremely high levels of stress, however, is difficult and reports are rare. Firefighting is the most stressful civilian occupation in our society. In the present study, we asked New York City firefighters to recall everything that they could upon returning from fires they had just fought. Communications during all fires were recorded, allowing verification of actual events. Our results confirmed that recall was, indeed, impaired with increasing stress. A nonmonotonic relation was observed consistent with the posited inverted u‐shaped memory‐stress function. Central details about emergency situations were better recalled than were more schematic events, but both kinds of events showed the memory decrement with high stress. There was no evidence of fragmentation. Self‐relevant events were recalled nearly five times better than events that were not self‐relevant. These results provide confirmation that memories encoded under conditions of extremely high stress are, indeed, special and are impaired in a manner that is consistent with the Nadel/Jacobs hippocampal hypothesis.
Mortality of downstream migrating European eel at power stations can be low when turbine mortality is eliminated by protection measures and safe bypass routes are available
Authors: Økland Finn , Havn Torgeir B. , Thorstad Eva B. , Heermann Lisa , Sæther Stein Are , Tambets Meelis , Teichert Maxim A. K. , Borcherding Jost 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe abundance of the European eel has seriously declined during recent decades. Hydropower production is one of the main threats, and solutions at power stations are needed to reduce the mortality of the downstream migrating silver eel. We examined the mortality, migration routes, and behavior of silver eel at a power station in Germany, after the power station was rebuilt to reduce the mortality of downstream migrating fish. Of 270 eels implanted with radio transmitters and released upstream of the power station, 222 eels passed the power station, primarily in October and November, although some descended during winter and spring. Most eels followed the main flow and passed over the spillway gate (59% and 49% in the 2 study years) or followed the route toward the bar racks in front of the turbines (24% and 27%), where they were guided to a route outside the turbines via the flushing channel. Some eels used the vertical slot fish passage (12% and 8%), whereas few used a nature‐like fishway, canoe pass, or custom‐made bypasses for eel. The eels showed large individual variation in migration timing, migration speeds, and choice of bypass. No eels were killed in the turbines, as none passed through them, likely due to the narrow bar spacing of the racks (10 mm). The results demonstrated that the mortality of eel passing power stations can be low (0–4% and 0–8% in the 2 study years) when the turbine intake is covered by racks hindering eels from entering turbines and safe bypass routes are available. Mortality estimates are given as ranges because the fate of 4% and 8% of the individuals could not be determined. Potential mortality could have been related to injuries in the bypass routes or increased predation risk, but there were no indications of injuries caused by installations in any of the bypass routes.
An exploratory study of patients’ sudden losses during outpatient CBT and therapists’ experience of difficulties
Authors: Odyniec Patrizia , Probst Thomas , Göllner Richard , Margraf Jürgen , Willutzki Ulrike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients’ sudden deterioration in symptomatology, also called sudden losses, is a rarely explored phenomenon.MethodPsychological distress of 1,763 patients treated by 140 therapists was monitored after every therapy session. Patient‐reported outcome measures and patients’ therapy satisfaction was assessed. Therapists rated their experience of difficulties for every patient repeatedly over the course of therapy.ResultsMore than one‐quarter of patients (26.5%) experienced at least one sudden loss during therapy. Patients with sudden losses did not differ significantly in psychotherapy outcome and therapy satisfaction from patients without sudden shifts. Therapists did not experience professional self‐doubt more often when working with sudden loss patients.ConclusionSudden losses were not necessarily harmful for the outcome of psychotherapy and patients’ global therapy satisfaction. The results suggest that sudden losses can be compensated over the course of treatment.
Improved NO removal from flue gas by hydrazine and its mechanism analysis
Authors: Guan Zhenzhen , Hong Liu , Guo Ruitang , Pan Weiguo , Li Fangqin , Wu Jiang , Ren Jianxing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelective non‐catalytic reduction (SNCR) is a proven technique to lessen nitric oxide (NO) emissions from stationary sources. However, the process using ammonia or urea as a reducing agent is only effective in a narrow and high temperature window, with the maximum NO abatement declining when increasing the oxygen (O2) content. Large industrial boilers may be often under a variable load and an excess of O2, which could decrease the effectiveness of the de‐NOx process. This study investigated hydrazine (N2H4) as a reagent to improve SNCR performance.RESULTSNO reduction by N2H4 was experimentally investigated in a pilot‐scale flow reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, molar ratio of NH2 to NO (normalized stoichiometric ratio, NSR), initial NO level and O2 concentration on the NO reduction in flue gas containing 7.4–17.4% (v/v) O2 at temperatures between 450 and 1100 °C was determined. The experimental results indicated that NO reduction by N2H4 was possible in dual temperature ranges, and the optimum reaction temperatures were about 580 and 1060 °C at NSR = 2.0. Moreover, the N2H4–NO reaction is less O2‐sensitive. A chemical kinetic model was developed to correctly describe the non‐catalytic reduction of NO by N2H4 in the presence of O2.CONCLUSIONHydrazine‐based SNCR is an alternative method for NO reduction occurring in dual temperature ranges and excess O2. The present model provided a satisfactory prediction of the experimental results, offering an effective tool for process simulation over a wide range of operating conditions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry