bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N6‐methyladenosine demethylase FTO suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma through a novel FTO‐PGC‐1α signalling axis
Authors: Zhuang Changshui , Zhuang Chengle , Luo Xiaomin , Huang Xinbo , Yao Lv , Li Jianfa , Li Yawen , Xiong Tiefu , Ye Jing , Zhang Fangting , Gui Yaoting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe abundant and reversible N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification and its modulators have important roles in regulating various gene expression and biological processes. Here, we demonstrate that fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), as an m6A demethylase, plays a critical anti‐tumorigenic role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). FTO is suppressed in ccRCC tissue. The low expression of FTO in human ccRCC correlates with increased tumour severity and poor patient survival. The Von Hippel‐Lindau‐deficient cells expressing FTO restores mitochondrial activity, induces oxidative stress and ROS production and shows impaired tumour growth, through increasing expression of PGC‐1α by reducing m6A levels in its mRNA transcripts. Our work demonstrates the functional importance of the m6A methylation and its modulator, and uncovers a critical FTO‐PGC‐1α axis for developing effective therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ccRCC.
Influence of Maternal Obesity on Labor Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ellis Jessica A. , Brown Carolyn M. , Barger Brian , Carlson Nicole S. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionStudies have shown that women with obesity have longer labors. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to examine existing evidence regarding labor induction in women with obesity, including processes and outcomes. The primary outcome was cesarean birth following labor induction. Secondary outcomes were the timing and dosage of prostaglandins, the success of mechanical cervical ripening methods, and synthetic oxytocin dose and timing.MethodsSearches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EBSCO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Effects, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Searches were limited to studies published in English after 1990. Ten studies published between 2009 and 2017 were included in this review. All were observational studies comparing processes and outcomes of induction of labor in relation to maternal body mass index. The primary outcome was cesarean birth following labor induction. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and tau‐squared and I2 statistics. We also calculated fixed‐effect models to estimate pooled relative risks and weighted mean differences.ResultsTen cohort studies met inclusion criteria; 8 studies had data available for a meta‐analysis of the primary outcome. Cesarean birth was more common among women with obesity compared with women of normal weight following labor induction (Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.55‐2.12; P < .001). Maternal obesity was associated with a longer time to birth, higher doses of prostaglandins, less frequent success of cervical ripening methods, and higher dose of synthetic oxytocin, as well as a longer time to birth after oxytocin use.DiscussionWomen with obesity are more likely than women with a normal weight to end labor induction with cesarean birth. Additionally, women with obesity require longer labor inductions involving larger, more frequent applications of both cervical ripening methods and synthetic oxytocin.
Functional MRI Task Comparison for Language Mapping in Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Unadkat Prashin , Fumagalli Luca , Rigolo Laura , Vangel Mark G. , Young Geoffrey S. , Huang Raymond , Mukundan Srinivasan , Golby Alexandra , Tie Yanmei 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSELanguage task‐based functional MRI (fMRI) is increasingly used for presurgical planning in patients with brain lesions. Different paradigms elicit activations of different components of the language network. The aim of this study is to optimize fMRI clinical usage by comparing the effectiveness of three language tasks for language lateralization and localization in a large group of patients with brain lesions.METHODSWe analyzed fMRI data from a sequential retrospective cohort of 51 patients with brain lesions who underwent presurgical fMRI language mapping. We compared the effectiveness of three language tasks (Antonym Generation, Sentence Completion (SC), and Auditory Naming) for lateralizing language function and for activating cortex within patient‐specific regions‐of‐interest representing eloquent language areas, and assessed the degree of spatial overlap of the areas of activation elicited by each task.RESULTSThe tasks were similarly effective for lateralizing language within the anterior language areas. The SC task produced higher laterality indices within the posterior language areas and had a significantly higher agreement with the clinical report. Dice coefficients between the task pairs were in the range of .351‐.458, confirming substantial variation in the components of the language network activated by each task.CONCLUSIONSSC task consistently produced large activations within the dominant hemisphere and was more effective for lateralizing language within the posterior language areas. The low degree of spatial overlap among the tasks strongly supports the practice of using a battery of tasks to help the surgeon to avoid eloquent language areas.
SLA and the Study of Equitable Multilingualism
Authors: ORTEGA LOURDES 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Douglas Fir Group (2016) sought to articulate a transdisciplinary agenda for SLA but said little about multilingualism specifically. Moreover, many multilinguals are under siege in a worrisome world where threats to human difference have risen to the mainstream in the aftermath of Brexit and the 2016 U.S. presidential election. I argue that considering multilingualism as the central object of inquiry and embracing social justice as an explicit disciplinary goal are two moves necessary to provide sustainable support for the kind of transdisciplinary SLA that the Douglas Fir Group (2016) envisioned. I examine some missing pieces of the puzzle of transdisciplinary transformation that may make it possible for SLA researchers, and particularly those who investigate linguistic–cognitive dimensions of language learning, to contribute knowledge about the human capacity for language while supporting equitable multilingualism for all.
Essentials of a Theory of Language Cognition
Authors: ELLIS NICK C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCognition is not just ‘in the head’; it extends well beyond the skull and the skin. Non‐Cartesian Cognitive Science views cognition as being embodied, environmentally embedded, enacted, encultured, and socially distributed. The Douglas Fir Group (2016) likewise recognizes languages as emergent, social, integrated phenomena. Language is the quintessence of distributed cognition. Language cognition is shared across naturally occurring, culturally constituted, communicative activities. Usage affects learning and it affects languages, too. These are essential components of a theory of language cognition. This article summarizes these developments within cognitive science before considering implications for language research and teaching, especially as these concern usage‐based language learning and cognition in second language and multilingual contexts. Here, I prioritize research involving corpus‐, computational‐, and psycho‐linguistics, and cognitive psychological, complex adaptive system, and network science investigations of learner–language interactions. But there are many other implications. Looking at languages through any one single lens does not do the phenomena justice. Taking the social turn does not entail restricting our research focus to the social. Nor does it obviate more traditional approaches to second language acquisition. Instead it calls for greater transdisciplinarity, diversity, and collaborative work.
Ethnic differences in the root to crown ratios of the permanent dentition
Authors: Wang Jue , Rousso Craig , Christensen Brenna I. , Li Peng , Kau Chung How , MacDougall Mary , Lamani Ejvis 
Published: January 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveRoot resorption due to orthodontic tooth movement may adversely affect the root‐crown (R/C) ratios of permanent teeth, especially in patients with Short Root Anomaly (SRA), a poorly understood disorder affecting root development. Evaluation of SRA R/C ratios to normal dentition would facilitate diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning. However, reference values are not available for all ethnicities. Our goal was to determine R/C ratios of permanent teeth and their relationship to gender and ethnicity.Setting/SampleA retrospective study of 333 patients (109 Caucasians, 112 African Americans and 112 Hispanics) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry.Materials/MethodsRoot lengths and crown heights were measured from panoramic radiographs of 6241 teeth using modified Lind's method. A linear mixed model was used to compare the R/C ratios of teeth among subgroups (gender, ethnicity).ResultsThe mean R/C ratios varied from 1.80 to 2.21 for the maxillary teeth and 1.83‐2.49 for the mandibular teeth. Gender differences in R/C ratios were found to be significant only for the lower central incisors (P < 0.05). Hispanics showed significantly lower ratios for most teeth compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in R/C ratios between African Americans and Caucasians in the upper lateral incisors, lower central incisors and lower first premolars (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that ethnicity is an important factor in determining the R/C ratios of permanent teeth. Therefore, when diagnosing developmental conditions such as SRA, ethnic group‐specific reference values should be considered.
Labial gland biopsy: shared care, medicolegal and surgical considerations
Authors: French K. , Fleming C. , Bell C. , Staines K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo give the surgeon an overview of Primary Sjögren's syndrome, its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management thus giving insight into why labial gland biopsies are required. The authors also aim to make the operating surgeon aware of their role, responsibility and medicolegal factors to be considered prior to undertaking a labial gland biopsy (LgBx).Materials and methodsA literature search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane and EMBASE electronic databases using the search terms ‘Primary Sjӧgren's Syndrome’, ‘Diagnostic Criteria for Sjӧgren's Syndrome’, ‘Labial Gland Biopsy’, ‘Labial Gland Biopsy Complications’, ‘Diagnostic Imaging for Sjӧgren's Syndrome’ and ‘Medicolegal Responsibility of Surgeons’. Title and then abstract were reviewed to determine relevance. Widely used guidelines were identified, indications for biopsy and the risks posed by surgery considered. Medicolegal advice was formally sought via a medical/dental defence union.ResultsThe authors considered the available evidence and medicolegal advice and applied this knowledge to the clinical setting. A preoperative checklist for consideration prior to LgBx was developed.ConclusionsLabial gland biopsy is an invasive procedure with potential to cause post‐operative complications. The operator assumes ultimate responsibility for the procedure. Every surgeon aims to ensure safe surgical practice, in the best interest of the patient. Here, we consolidate recent evidence and propose a checklist to facilitate the process for oral surgeons.
Education in the workplace
Authors: Nathwani S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to highlight the importance of clinical supervision (CS) in the current climate, examine the important issues surrounding CS events in surgery and how these may be overcome.MethodsIdentify the important issues of confidentiality, roles and time management in CS and how these impact the trainee and supervisor. Provide evidence through literature review for current education theory and practice surrounding CS in surgery.Results and ConclusionThere remains ambiguity regarding the guidelines supporting the act of CS, and therefore, the role of the supervisor becomes multifaceted. This paper highlights that the duty of education lies not only with the individual (trainee and trainer) but also the organisations in which it takes place, with responsibility for learning from all parties concerned.
Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)
Authors: Sun Dayun , Wang Wenxiang , Xin Xiaoyun , Cao Liming , Sun Xuejun , Hu Zejun , Jiang Ling , Dong Shiqing , Liu Yahui , Yang Jinshui , Luo Xiaojin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHeading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F2 populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.
Sun‐protective behaviours of Turkish young adults
Authors: Baykal Selcuk Leyla , Aksu Arica Deniz , Ates Elif , Yayli Savaş , Bahadir Sevgi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of skin cancers, including melanoma, has increased significantly in the past five decades. The main environmental factor implicated in their development is excessive sun exposure. Data on sun‐protective behaviours in the Turkish population are very limited.ObjectivesWe aim to assess sun protection behaviours and the prevalence of exposure through broad participation among a young adult population in a national university in Turkey.MethodsA multiple‐choice questionnaire including 27 questions to evaluate sun protection behaviours was sent to e‐mail addresses of all undergraduates. From 40 000 undergraduates, 17 769 of them were included in the study, with a response rate of 44.4%.ResultsSunscreen usage was the most preferred sun protection method, used by 64% of the study population, followed by the use of sunglasses (60%), tending to remain in the shade (49%), the use of a hat (34%) and wearing long‐sleeved clothing (23%). Forty‐four percentage of the students used at least two methods, whereas 7% did not use any sun protection method. The prevalence rates of the use of sunscreen, sunglasses, wearing long‐sleeved clothing and preferring to remain in the shade in the summer were all significantly higher among women. In addition, the prevalence rates of the use of sunscreen and preferring to remain in the shade were higher among students in the faculty of medicine.ConclusionWe found that when compared to the countries with the highest incidences of skin cancer, such as Australia and the United States, young adults in Turkey are protecting themselves more from the sun. This rate was even higher among women and faculty of medicine undergrads.
Graphics for Uncertainty
Authors: Bowman Adrian W. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryGraphical methods such as colour shading and animation, which are widely available, can be very effective in communicating uncertainty. In particular, the idea of a ‘density strip’ provides a conceptually simple representation of a distribution and this is explored in a variety of settings, including a comparison of means, regression and models for contingency tables. Animation is also a very useful device for exploring uncertainty and this is explored particularly in the context of flexible models, expressed in curves and surfaces whose structure is of particular interest. Animation can further provide a helpful mechanism for exploring data in several dimensions. This is explored in the simple but very important setting of spatiotemporal data.
Factors of regional poverty reduction in Colombia: Do institutional conditions matter?
Authors: Nieto‐Aleman Paula‐Andrea , Garcia‐Alvarez‐Coque Jose‐Maria , Roig‐Tierno Norat , Mas‐Verdú Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractColombia has a unique history, which has been heavily conditioned by armed conflict lasting more than 50 years. This study examines the institutional conditions for success and failure in reducing poverty in Colombian departments by considering changes that took place between 2003 and 2014. Fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis identifies the changes in regional conditions that reduce poverty over time. The pathways for poverty reduction are multidimensional, and many involve changes in institutional attributes such as government transparency, absence of violence, and electoral turnout. The framework developed in this paper can be used to monitor necessary and sufficient pathways in regional clusters.
Precarious workers' choices about unemployment insurance membership after the Ghent system reform: The Finnish experience
Authors: Shin Young‐Kyu , Böckerman Petri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe literature on the Ghent system has focused on the link between voluntary unemployment insurance and union membership in terms of industrial relations. Less attention has been paid to unemployment benefits and employees' decision‐making concerning unemployment insurance, even though the core function of the Ghent system is to provide unemployment insurance. This paper examines both of the options that precarious workers (i.e., part‐timers, temporary employees, and low‐skilled service employees) choose regarding unemployment insurance membership and the change in union density after the Ghent system reform in Finland. First, the results show that the growth of the independent unemployment insurance fund was the main reason for declining union density in the 2000s and early 2010s. Second, in terms of precarious workers, we find that the emergence of the independent fund has affected their choices about unemployment insurance membership and that their choices depend on the type of precarious employment they have. Moreover, part‐timers and temporary employees younger than 35 years of age are much less likely to enroll in unemployment insurance than older employees who have the same types of employment contracts.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: January 2019

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Amanda ElBassiouny, California Lutheran University, USAAmin Ali Almubar, Jazan University, Saudi ArabiaAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaMickey Langlais, University of Nebraska – Kearney, USAMuhammad Uhaib As’ad, Islamic University of Kalimantan, IndonesiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education,Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaXue Yang, Ghent University, BelgiumYaghoob Foroutan , The University of Waikato, New ZealandYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China , China/Australia
Extending Battery System Operation via Adaptive Reconfiguration
Authors: He Liang , Kong Linghe , Gu Yu , Liu Cong , He Tian , Shin Kang G. 
Published: January 2019

Large-scale battery packs are commonly used in applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and smart grids. Traditionally, to provide stable voltage to the loads, voltage regulators are used to convert battery packs’ output voltage to those of the loads’ required levels, causing power loss especially when the difference between the supplied and required voltages is large or when the load is light. In this article, we address this issue via a reconfiguration framework for the battery system. By abstracting the battery system as a cell graph, we develop an adaptive reconfiguration algorithm to identify the desired system configurations based on real-time load requirements. Our design is evaluated via both prototype-based experiments, EV driving trace-based emulations, and large-scale simulations. The results demonstrate an extended system operation time of up to 5×, especially when facing severe cell imbalance.
Similarities and differences in circuit responses to applied Gly1-SIFamide and peptidergic (Gly1-SIFamide) neuron stimulation
Authors: Blitz Dawn M. , Christie Andrew E. , Cook Aaron P. , Dickinson Patsy S. , Nusbaum Michael P. 
Published: January 2019

Microcircuit modulation by peptides is well established, but the cellular/synaptic mechanisms whereby identified neurons with identified peptide transmitters modulate microcircuits remain unknown for most systems. Here, we describe the distribution of GYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Gly1-SIFamide) immunoreactivity (Gly1-SIFamide-IR) in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crab Cancer borealis and the Gly1-SIFamide actions on the two feeding-related circuits in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). Gly1-SIFamide-IR localized to somata in the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), two axons in the nerves connecting each CoG with the STG, and the CoG and STG neuropil. We identified one Gly1-SIFamide-IR projection neuron innervating the STG as the previously identified modulatory commissural neuron 5 (MCN5). Brief (~10 s) MCN5 stimulation excites some pyloric circuit neurons. We now find that bath applying Gly1-SIFamide to the isolated STG also enhanced pyloric rhythm activity and activated an imperfectly coordinated gastric mill rhythm that included unusually prolonged bursts in two circuit neurons [inferior cardiac (IC), lateral posterior gastric (LPG)]. Furthermore, longer duration (>30 s) MCN5 stimulation activated a Gly1-SIFamide-like gastric mill rhythm, including prolonged IC and LPG bursting. The prolonged LPG bursting decreased the coincidence of its activity with neurons to which it is electrically coupled. We also identified local circuit feedback onto the MCN5 axon terminals, which may contribute to some distinctions between the responses to MCN5 stimulation and Gly1-SIFamide application. Thus, MCN5 adds to the few identified projection neurons that modulate a well-defined circuit at least partly via an identified neuropeptide transmitter and provides an opportunity to study peptide regulation of electrical coupled neurons in a functional context.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Limited insight exists regarding how identified peptidergic neurons modulate microcircuits. We show that the modulatory projection neuron modulatory commissural neuron 5 (MCN5) is peptidergic, containing Gly1-SIFamide. MCN5 and Gly1-SIFamide elicit similar output from two well-defined motor circuits. Their distinct actions may result partly from circuit feedback onto the MCN5 axon terminals. Their similar actions include eliciting divergent activity patterns in normally coactive, electrically coupled neurons, providing an opportunity to examine peptide modulation of electrically coupled neurons in a functional context.