bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy upright exercise increases ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the basal lung: indirect evidence for interstitial pulmonary edema
Authors: Tedjasaputra Vincent , Sá Rui C. , Anderson Kevin M. , Prisk G. Kim , Hopkins Susan R. 
Published: June 2019

Ventilation-perfusion (V̇a/Q̇) mismatch during exercise may result from interstitial pulmonary edema if increased pulmonary vascular pressure causes fluid efflux into the interstitium. If present, the increased fluid may compress small airways or blood vessels, disrupting V̇a/Q̇ matching, but this is unproven. We hypothesized that V̇a/Q̇ mismatch would be greatest in basal lung following heavy upright exercise, consistent with hydrostatic forces favoring edema accumulation in the gravitationally dependent lung. We applied new tools to reanalyze previously published magnetic resonance imaging data to determine regional V̇a/Q̇ mismatch following 45 min of heavy upright exercise in six athletes (V̇o2max = 61 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1). In the supine posture, regional alveolar ventilation and local perfusion were quantified from specific ventilation imaging, proton density, and arterial spin labeling data in a single sagittal slice of the right lung before exercise (PRE), 15 min after exercise (POST), and in recovery 60 min after exercise (REC). Indices of V̇a/Q̇ mismatch [second moments (log scale) of ventilation (LogSDV) and perfusion (LogSDQ) vs. V̇a/Q̇ distributions] were calculated for apical, middle, and basal lung thirds, which represent gravitationally nondependent, middle, and dependent regions, respectively, during upright exercise. LogSDV increased after exercise only in the basal lung (PRE 0.46 ± 0.06, POST 0.57 ± 0.14, REC 0.55 ±0.14, P = 0.01). Similarly, LogSDQ increased only in the basal lung (PRE 0.40 ± 0.06, POST 0.51 ± 0.10, REC 0.44 ± 0.09, P = 0.04). Increased V̇a/Q̇ mismatch in the basal lung after exercise is potentially consistent with interstitial pulmonary edema accumulating in gravitationally dependent lung during exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reanalyzed previously published MRI data with new tools and found increased ventilation-perfusion mismatch only in the basal lung of athletes following 45 min of cycling exercise. This is consistent with the development of interstitial edema in the gravitationally dependent lung during heavy exercise.
Changes in dynamic left ventricular function, assessed by the strain-volume loop, relate to reverse remodeling after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Hulshof Hugo G. , van Oorschot Frederieke , van Dijk Arie P. , Hopman Maria T. E. , George Keith P. , Oxborough David L. , Thijssen Dick H. J. 
Published: June 2019

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) leads to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV). Adopting a novel technique to examine dynamic LV function, our study explored whether post-AVR changes in dynamic LV function and/or changes in aortic valve characteristics are associated with LV mass regression during follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed 30 participants with severe aortic stenosis who underwent standard transthoracic echocardiographic assessment before AVR [88 (IQR or interquartile range: 22–143) days], post-AVR [13 (6–22) days], and during follow-up [455 (226–907) days]. We assessed standard measures of LV structure, function, and aortic valve characteristics. Novel insight into dynamic LV function was provided through a four-chamber image by examination of the temporal relation between LV longitudinal strain (ε) and volume (ε-volume loops), representing the contribution of LV mechanics to volume change. AVR resulted in immediate changes in structural valve characteristics, alongside a reduced LV longitudinal peak ε and improved coherence between the diastolic and systolic part of the ε-volume loop (all P < 0.05). Follow-up revealed a decrease in LV mass ( P < 0.05) and improvements in LV ejection fraction and LV longitudinal peak ε ( P < 0.05). A significant relationship was present between decline in LV mass during follow-up and post-AVR improvement in coherence of the ε-volume loops ( r = 0.439, P = 0.03), but not with post-AVR changes in aortic valve characteristics or LV function (all P > 0.05). We found that post-AVR improvements in dynamic LV function are related to long-term remodeling of the LV. This highlights the potential importance of assessing dynamic LV function for cardiac adaptations in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Combining temporal measures of left ventricular longitudinal strain and volume (strain-volume loop) provides novel insights in dynamic cardiac function. In patients with aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement, postsurgical changes in the strain-volume loop are associated with regression of left ventricular mass during follow-up. This provides novel insight into the relation between postsurgery changes in cardiac hemodynamics and long-term structural remodeling, but also supports the potential utility of the assessment of dynamic cardiac function.
Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans
Authors: Wadley Alex J. , Keane Gary , Cullen Tom , James Lynsey , Vautrinot Jordan , Davies Matthew , Hussey Bethan , Hunter David J. , Mastana Sarabjit , Holliday Adrian , Petersen Steen V. , Bishop Nicolette C. , Lindley Martin R. , Coles Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men ( n = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES). Alterations in plasma (study 1) and serum (study 2) peroxiredoxin (PRDX)-2, PRDX-4, superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), thioredoxin (TRX-1), TRX-reductase and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed before and at various timepoints after exercise. There was a significant increase in SOD3 (+1.5 ng/mL) and PRDX-4 (+5.9 ng/mL) concentration following HIIE only, peaking at 30- and 60-min post-exercise respectively. TRX-R decreased immediately and 60 min following HIIE (−7.3 ng/mL) and MOD (−8.6 ng/mL), respectively. In non-resistance trained men, no significant changes in redox enzyme concentrations were observed up to 48 h following RES, despite significant muscle damage. IL-6 concentration increased in response to all trials, however there was no significant relationship between absolute or exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations. These results collectively suggest that HIIE, but not MOD or RES increase the extracellular concentration of PRDX-4 and SOD3. Exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations do not appear to directly relate to systemic changes in IL-6 concentration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two studies were conducted to characterize changes in redox enzyme concentrations after single bouts of exercise to investigate the emerging association between extracellular redox enzymes and inflammation. We provide evidence that SOD3 and PRDX-4 concentration increased following high-intensity aerobic but not eccentric-based resistance exercise. Changes were not associated with IL-6. The results provide a platform to investigate the utility of SOD3 and PRDX-4 as biomarkers of oxidative stress following exercise.
Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Sensitizes Breast Tumors to Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunotherapy
Authors: Clift Renee , Souratha Jennifer , Garrovillo Sheryl A. , Zimmerman Susan , Blouw Barbara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the landscape of cancer treatment, however, many patients are resistant or refractory to immunotherapy. The sensitivity of tumor cells to immunotherapy may be influenced by hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Enzymatic degradation of HA by pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20; PVHA) remodels the TME. This leads to reduced tumor interstitial pressure and decompressed tumor blood vessels, which are both associated with increased exposure of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Here, we demonstrate PVHA increased the uptake of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody in HA-accumulating animal models of breast cancer. The increased levels of anti-PD-L1 antibody were associated with increased accumulation of T cells and natural killer cells and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells. PD-L1 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth when combined with PVHA, but not alone. Our results suggest that PVHA can sensitize HA-accumulating tumors to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Significance:
These findings show removal of hyaluronan in the tumor microenvironment improves immune cells and checkpoint inhibitors access to tumors.
Health practitioner regulation in Australia: a view from the antipodes
Authors: Bec Cameron Stewart 
Published: June 2019

This article reviews health practitioner regulation in Australia. It starts with a review of the constitutional powers to regulate healthcare in the Australian Federal system and the system of rights to access health that have been created. The article then examines the current National Law, which was an attempt to create a uniform regulatory system for healthcare practitioners in Australia. The paper examines the working of that system and current data on its operation and concludes with looking to future challenges for the system.
Financiamento do direito à saúde e novo regime fiscal: a inconstitucionalidade do Artigo 110 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias
Authors: Moutinho Donato Volkers , Dallari Sueli Gandolfi 
Published: June 2019

A saúde é uma necessidade pública, que exige a atuação concreta do Estado e movimenta sua atividade financeira. Logo, os serviços públicos de saúde são impactados pelas normas de Direito Financeiro, que orientam a distribuição de recursos. Nesse campo, o Artigo 110 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias ainda merece análise detida. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de preencher essa lacuna ao avaliar a constitucionalidade do referido artigo. Com base no marco teórico apoiado na doutrina de direitos humanos, sociais e fundamentais, lança mão de dados empíricos para avaliar se os efeitos que o Artigo 110 deve irradiar sobre o direito à saúde condizem com a Constituição de 1988. Como resultado, percebeu-se que o direito à saúde é um direito humano social fundamental, cujos níveis de eficácia e efetividade não podem sofrer retrocesso por qualquer medida adotada por entes federados. Observou-se que o esforço fiscal do Estado brasileiro para prover os serviços de saúde pública a sua população está aquém de sua capacidade econômica, e o referido artigo, quando permite a redução desse esforço, passa ao largo das obrigações assumidas pelo país e promove retrocesso na saúde pública e na fruição do direito à saúde. Conclui-se que o Artigo 110 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias é inconstitucional, que, para evitar retrocesso no direito à saúde, o Supremo Tribunal Federal deve suspender a sua eficácia e declarar essa inconstitucionalidade e que o Estado brasileiro precisa se planejar para, progressivamente, elevar seu patamar de despesas no setor.
Infection as a Stroke Trigger
Authors: Sebastian Solly , Stein Laura K. , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
The relationships between different infection types and stroke subtype are not well-characterized. We examined exposure to infections in different organ systems in different time periods before the acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods—

We used the New York State Inpatient Databases and Emergency Department Databases (2006–2013). Validated
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth Edition
definitions identified index hospitalizations for acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and emergency department visits and hospitalizations for infection (skin, urinary tract infection, septicemia, abdominal, and respiratory). We used case cross-over analysis with conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) for the association between each infection type during case periods compared with control periods 1 year before.

Results—
Every infection type was associated with an increased likelihood of acute ischemic stroke. The greatest association was for urinary tract infection, with OR of 5.32 (95% CI, 3.69–7.68) within the 7-day window. The magnitude of association between urinary tract infection and intracerebral hemorrhage was of lesser magnitude, with OR of 1.80 (1.04–3.11) in the 14-day exposure period and OR of 1.54 (1.23–1.94) in the 120-day exposure period. Only respiratory infection was associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, with OR of 3.67 (1.49–9.04) in the 14-day window and 1.95 (1.44–2.64) in the 120-day window.

Conclusions—
All infection types were associated with subsequent acute ischemic stroke, with the greatest association for urinary tract infection.
South Pacific Decadal Climate Variability and Potential Predictability
Authors: Lou Jiale , Holbrook Neil J. , O’Kane Terence J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The South Pacific decadal oscillation (SPDO) characterizes the Southern Hemisphere contribution to the Pacific-wide interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and is analogous to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) centered in the North Pacific. In this study, upper ocean variability and potential predictability of the SPDO is examined in HadISST data and an atmosphere-forced ocean general circulation model. The potential predictability of the IPO-related variability is investigated in terms of both the fractional contribution made by the decadal component in the South, tropical and North Pacific Oceans and in terms of a doubly integrated first-order autoregressive (AR1) model. Despite explaining a smaller fraction of the total variance, we find larger potential predictability of the SPDO relative to the PDO. We identify distinct local drivers in the western subtropical South Pacific, where nonlinear baroclinic Rossby wave–topographic interactions act to low-pass filter decadal variability. In particular, we show that the Kermadec Ridge in the southwest Pacific enhances the decadal signature more prominently than anywhere else in the Pacific basin. Applying the doubly integrated AR1 model, we demonstrate that variability associated with the Pacific–South American pattern is a critically important atmospheric driver of the SPDO via a reddening process analogous to the relationship between the Aleutian low and PDO in the North Pacific—albeit that the relationship in the South Pacific appears to be even stronger. Our results point to the largely unrecognized importance of South Pacific processes as a key source of decadal variability and predictability.
Culprit of the Eastern Pacific Double-ITCZ Bias in the NCAR CESM1.2
Authors: Song Xiaoliang , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The eastern Pacific double-ITCZ bias has long been attributed to the warm bias of SST in the southeastern Pacific and associated local air–sea interaction. In this study, we conducted two simulations using the NCAR CESM1.2.1 to demonstrate that significant double-ITCZ bias can still form in the eastern Pacific through air–sea coupled feedback even when there is cold SST bias in the southeastern Pacific, indicating that other nonlocal culprits and mechanisms should be responsible for the double-ITCZ bias in the eastern Pacific. Further analyses show that the oversimulated convection in the northern ITCZ region and Central America in boreal winter may result in biases in the surface wind fields in the tropical northeastern Pacific in the atmospheric model, which favor the cooling of the ocean mixed layer through enhancement of latent heat flux and Ekman upwelling. These biases are passed into the ocean model in coupled simulations and result in a severe cold bias of SST in the northern ITCZ region. The overly cold SST bias persists in the subsequent spring, leading to the suppression of convection in the northern ITCZ region. The enhanced low-level cross-equatorial northerly wind strengthens the wind convergence south of the equator and transports abundant water vapor to the convergence zone, strengthening the southern ITCZ convection. All these processes lead to the disappearance of the northern ITCZ and the enhancement of the southern ITCZ in boreal spring, forming a seasonally alternating double-ITCZ bias. This study suggests that convection biases in the northern ITCZ region and Central America in boreal winter may be a culprit for the double-ITCZ bias in the eastern Pacific.
Explaining budget transparency through political factors
Authors: Citro Francesca , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Bisogno Marco 
Published: June 2019

This study analyses various factors that can affect the level of budget transparency. It focuses on several political characteristics, investigating a pool of 95 countries for the years 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2015. Findings from this study indicate that both governments’ characteristics and the characteristics of political and electoral systems affect the level of budget transparency. These results extend findings from previous literature on determinants of open budgets by using a more extended period and additional political and electoral features, and also by adopting an international comparative approach. Points for practitioners The findings show essential elements for a sustainable transparency policy, suggesting that to be successful, budget transparency requires certain characteristics of both governments and electoral/political systems. Therefore, politicians are advised that reforms affecting these systems can limit their intent for opaqueness; similarly, oversight bodies are encouraged to consider the political conditions that may exert pressure to make budgeting processes public. The findings highlight the importance of the relationship between budget transparency and public-sector reforms, especially those affecting the political characteristics of a government and the institutional rules guiding its behaviour. Budgeting is not only an essential management device, but also a crucial political medium to allocate powers and resources, and a pivotal accountability tool to boost citizens’ involvement and to increase its transparency.
Improving Productivity: Do Human Relations Theories Provide the Answers?
Authors: Rastogi P.N. 
Published: June 2019

Productivity cannot be improved without creating the proper social conditions and individual motivation. What is called for is more than the use of techniques derived from human relations theories. Organizations have to go beyond profit, growth, and return on investment. They have to pursue goals as efficient producers of goods and services, generators of surpluses, and creators of skills and employment in the service of society, argues P N Rastogi. They have to elevate the moral basis of work in and outside of organizations.
Abstracts Indian Management Research
Authors: Acharya Ravi 
Published: June 2019

Abstracts of management research in India are intended to facilitate research in management. The Indian Council of Social Science Research. New Delhi, sponsors the abstracting service. Vikalpa would very much appreciate it if the authors send a reprint of their articles in management and related disciplines to Vikalpa office. Their inclusion will help render the referencing service complete. The areas of management covered in the abstracts are: Financial Management. Management Accounting, and Control; Marketing; Organization and Administration; Personnel Management and Industrial Relations; production management, Computers, and Operations Research; General Management; and Policy, Planning, and Development.
Asoka Spintex
Authors: Gupta Parvinder 
Published: June 2019

The October-December 1999 (Vol 24, No 4) issue of Vikalpa had published a Management Case titled “Asoka Spintex” by Parvinder Gupta. The case had focused on the turnaround of Asoka Spintex from an ailing company in 1987 to a growing company in the year 1997. We had requested the readers to respond to the question: What strategies should Anang Lalbhai adopt for the long-term survival of the company? In this issue, we are featuring three responses on the case by Pradip N Khandwalla, S Ramnarayan and Niti Pandey, and N Ravichandran. Asoka Spintex, a Lalbhai group company, was set up in 1920 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to manufacture coarse and medium fabrics with a capacity of 13,000 spindles and 350 looms. Since its inception, the company did reasonably well. However, the balance sheet for the year 1987 showed cash loss for the first time in three decades. The company was on the verge of closure in 1991-92; however, subsequently, it started showing positive results. The case discusses the background of Asoka Spintex, the troubled times (1985-1990), the phase of uncertainties (mid 1990-mid 1992), the phase of struggles and challenges (1992-1995), and the phase of consolidation and growth (1995-1997). The case concludes with a discussion on the future plans of Asoka Spintex.
Polycarb Chemicals Limited
Authors: Ravichandran T , Banerjee Tuhin S 
Published: June 2019

This case presents some of the issues in commercializing an innovation by first generation entrepreneurs in the Indian context. The case also demonstrates that a successful technical/technological innovation may not necessarily result in commercial success. Specifically, this case illustrates the problems encountered by some scientists (first generation entrepreneurs) who were euphoric about their innovation and subsequently over the recognition received for their innovation from government and other related agencies but failed to foresee the difficulties in commercialization. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa office.
Comments on the Empirical Investigation of Women Managers: Their Fears
Authors: john Rosen 
Published: June 2019

In the October-December 1999 issue of Vikalpa (Vol 24, No 4), we had published an article titled “Fear of Success among Women Managers” by Sanghamitra Buddhapriya, which was an attempt to study the impact of managerial level and sex-role orientation on fear of success. In this rejoinder to her article, Rosen John discusses some of the shortcomings of the article especially with regard to the choice of sampling techniques selected and the narrow spectrum from which the respondents were chosen.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
Authors: Teltumbde Anand , Tripathy Arabinda , Sahu Amiya K 
Published: June 2019

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) embarked upon a major change initiative towards the end of 1996. It planned an enterprise-wide integration through Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The objectives were to remain competitive through improved customer service and customer satisfaction and to transform the company into a Learning Organization. The case highlights the process and challenges faced by BPCL in successfully implementing ERP (SAP R/3). The focus of the implementation process was on Change Management where significant change in technology led to a change in the work culture.