Abstract 3716: Tumor multicomponent targeting nano-micelles with synergistic combination to overcome drug resistance and reprogramming of macrophages in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Alsaab Hashem O. , Sau Samaresh , Cheriyan Vino T. , Alzhrani Rami , Vaishampayan Ulka , Rishi Arun K. , Iyer Arun K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) contributes &gt;90% of the most common form of kidney tumor and remains one of the ten leading causes of cancer death in the US. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have increased therapeutic possibilities for treating RCC. Although the impact on disease progression is encouraging, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond adequately, and therapy resistance almost inevitably occurs. Eventually, new strategies have emerged that include immunotherapy such as PD-1 inhibitor (Nivolumab) and the combination of chemo-immune therapy. Possibly, combination treatment aimed at different, non-related pathways may be advantageous. In this regard, we would like to come up with synergistic therapeutic strategies for nonresponsive, highly aggressive tumor types to tackle the current clinical challenges. We have worked on different RCCs tumor models that in general have a poor prognosis with conventional therapies. We also pursued different combination regimens, including drugs that work on the mTOR inhibition (everolimus), inhibit RTK-inhibitor or VEGFR (cabozantinib or sorafenib). Also, there is a critical need to develop safe and effective delivery vehicles that can carry the payload to the right target tissue and cell. Thus, different types of nanoparticles have been designed to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents to target hypoxic tumor microenvironment by using carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9); FRα for targeting cancer epithelial cells; and FRβ for targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and combination delivery of RTK-inhibitor Cabozantinib (CB) and sorafenib with our own apoptosis inducer/CARP-1 protein activator CFM-4.16 (C4.16) for overcoming drug resistance and reprograming TAM for RCC therapy. The current work also focused on multimodal approaches, including (a) Optimization of hypoxia marker conjugated targeted polymer-lipid nano-formulation (PLNP) using copper-free click chemistry; (b) In vitro and in vivo pre-clinical testing of targeted -PLNP loaded with polypharmacy in inhibiting RCCs using mice bearing resistant RCCs and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). The results of efficacy and biodistribution of targeted PLNPs in animals bearing RCC xenografts and PDX model showed higher accumulation of drugs at tumor sites with higher tumor growth inhibition. Also, the targeted formulation showed high binding affinity and specific tumor uptake, faster normal tissue clearance, and less non-target organ uptake. These findings portent promising therapeutic potential of hypoxia-targeted -PLNPs for treating RCCs.
Citation Format: Hashem O. Alsaab, Samaresh Sau, Vino T. Cheriyan, Rami Alzhrani, Ulka Vaishampayan, Arun K. Rishi, Arun K. Iyer. Tumor multicomponent targeting nano-micelles with synergistic combination to overcome drug resistance and reprogramming of macrophages in renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3716.