bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GATA6‐positive lung adenocarcinomas are associated with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression, and KRAS mutations
Authors: Nakajima Naoki , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Hirata Masahiro , Furuhata Ayako , Sumiyoshi Shinji , Rokutan‐Kurata Mariyo , Sonobe Makoto , Menju Toshi , Miyamoto Ei , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi F , Date Hiroshi , Haga Hironori 
Published: February 2018

AimsGATA6 is known to play a role in lung development. However, its role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer is not well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse GATA6 expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LAs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to define its association with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods and resultsIHC analysis of GATA6 was performed with tissue microarray slides containing 348 LAs. The association between GATA6 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. GATA6 expression in epithelial tumours other than lung cancer was also evaluated. GATA6 expression was found in 47 LAs (13.5%). This occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.005), and was associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis (P =0.024), well‐differentiated to moderately differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), the absence of lymphatic invasion (P = 0.020), and the absence of vascular invasion (P = 0.011). GATA6 expression was associated with mucin production (P < 0.001), the invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma subtype (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P = 0.026), expression of MUC2 (P < 0.001), CDX2 (P = 0.049), and MUC5AC (P < 0.001), and absence of expression of TTF‐1 (P = 0.002). GATA6 expression was also associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression (P < 0.001). GATA6 expression tended to indicate better prognoses, whereas patients with HNF4α expression had significantly worse prognoses (P = 0.033). Of 270 tumours other than lung cancer, 110 expressed GATA6.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that GATA6 might interact with HNF4α and contribute to the development of mucinous‐type LAs.
Erdheim–Chester disease: description of two illustrative cases involving the lung
Authors: Zanelli Magda , Smith Maxwell , Mengoli Maria C , Spaggiari Lucia , De Marco Loredana , Lococo Filippo , Puma Francesco , Ascani Stefano 
Published: February 2018

AimErdheim–Chester disease represents a clonal systemic proliferation of histiocytes. Bone is the most common site of involvement, although almost any organ, including the lungs, can be affected.Methods and resultsThe diagnosis of Erdheim–Chester disease can be difficult, owing to its rarity and protean presentation. Correlation between clinical, radiological and histological findings is mandatory for identification of the disease. Foamy histiocytes, lacking Langerhans cell markers, represent the typical histological findings, although their absence does not rule out Erdheim–Chester disease. Identification of BRAF mutation can be helpful in making the diagnosis, and allows for the development and application of targeted therapies in this setting.ConclusionsHerein, we describe two cases presenting with lung involvement and vertebral lesions, lacking the more typical long‐bone involvement. One case histologically mimicked Rosai–Dorfman disease. However, both cases harboured the pathognomonic BRAFV600E mutation.
Formulaic Transparency: The Hidden Enabler of Exceptional U.S. Securitization
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: February 2018

Why does the securitization of residential mortgages, credit cards, auto loans, and other such consumer debt in the U.S. exceed the securitization of such debt in Europe by several trillion dollars? The author points out that lemon problems do not stop the sale of used cars but they do prevent the operation of a market in which buyers place sight‐unseen bids for used cars offered by unknown sellers. Buyers prefer to know who the seller is and test‐drive vehicles. Similarly until the 1980s, creditors were willing to forgo the information they could secure in private transactions to get tradability mainly in the case of bonds issued by governments or a few blue‐chip companies.U.S. government policy encouraged the securitization of trillions of dollars of loans made to millions of borrowers. U.S. rules—rather than new financial or information technologies—have strongly encouraged originators of mortgages and other consumer loans to rely on credit scores (commonly referred to as FICO scores) produced by credit bureaus. And reliance on scores that loan originators use but don’t produce helps overcome the information asymmetry problems that would otherwise constrain securitization.The argument turns the usual concern about securitization on its head: transferring risks to investors is normally expected to discourage careful screening of borrowers, but the author’s analysis suggests that formulaic, FICO‐based screening actually enables risk transfer by reducing information asymmetry problems. Moreover, while limiting screening reduces the upfront costs of lending, it also increases loans made to uncreditworthy borrowers.And because increasing loans made to bad borrowers raises the rates good borrowers have to pay (to compensate investors for higher defaults), U.S. rules that sacrifice information for more “complete” markets may be a bad bargain.
Family management of childhood atopic dermatitis
Authors: Son Hae Kyoung , Kim Dong Hee , Lee Hyejung , Kim Heejung , Chung Kyongmee , Kim Hee‐Soon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify the variables that affect family management of childhood atopic dermatitis and establish a prediction model based on Bandura's self‐efficacy theory.BackgroundAtopic dermatitis is a chronic recurrent skin disease and common health problem in childhood. It is necessary to use an approach that includes parental factors when considering the effective management of childhood atopic dermatitis.DesignA cross‐sectional study design.MethodsA convenience sample, comprising 168 Korean mothers caring for a child with atopic dermatitis under the age of 13, was recruited from the paediatric outpatient departments of two general hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected using structured self‐reported questionnaires including severity, antecedents, effort, self‐efficacy and family management of childhood atopic dermatitis from 1 November 2015–28 February 2016. Descriptive statistics about the participants and variables were examined and data were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe hypothetical model had an adequate fit to the data, indicating that severity, antecedents, effort and self‐efficacy influenced family management of childhood atopic dermatitis.ConclusionThese results suggest that strategies to support children with atopic dermatitis and their family should consider the influence of such variables.
Flexible parents: joint effects of handicapping and brood size manipulation on female parental care inNicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Ratz Tom , Smiseth Per T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParental care is highly variable, reflecting that parents make flexible decisions in response to variation in the cost of care to themselves and the benefit to their offspring. Much of the evidence that parents respond to such variation derives from handicapping and brood size manipulations, the separate effects of which are well understood. However, little is known about their joint effects. Here, we fill this gap by conducting a joint handicapping and brood size manipulation in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides. We handicapped half of the females by attaching a lead weight to their pronotum, leaving the remaining females as controls. We also manipulated brood size by providing each female with 5, 20 or 40 larvae. In contrast to what we predicted, handicapped females spentmoretime provisioning food than controls. We also found that handicapped females spent more time consuming carrion. Furthermore, handicapped females spent a similar amount of time consuming carrion regardless of brood size, whereas controls spent more time consuming carrion as brood increased. Females spent more time provisioning food towards larger broods, and females were more likely to engage in carrion consumption when caring for larger broods. We conclude that females respond to both handicapping and brood size manipulations, but these responses are largely independent of each other. Overall, our results suggest that handicapping might lead to a higher investment into current reproduction and that it might be associated with compensatory responses that negate the detrimental impact of higher cost of care in handicapped parents.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy Indian school‐going adolescents from rural and urban localities and its relationship with various anthropometric indices: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Chopra M. , Mani K. , Giri A. K. , Banerjee P. , Sahni N. S. , Siddhu A. , Tandon N. , Bharadwaj D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicronutrient deficiency is a global health burden, especially among developing countries. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy Indian school‐going adolescents, based on area of residence, sex and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the relationship of serum B12 concentration with dietary vitamin B12 intake and anthropometric indices was assessed among adolescents from rural and urban India.MethodsA total of 2403 school‐going adolescents (11–17 years) from National Capital Region and rural areas of Haryana, India were selected. Serum B12 concentrations were estimated using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Dietary assessments were conducted on 65% of total participants (n = 1556) by two 24‐h diet recalls.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the total study population was 32.4% (rural: 43.9% versus urban: 30.1%, P < 0.001; male: 34.4% versus female: 31.0%, P < 0.05; normal weight: 28.1%, versus overweight: 39.8%, versus obese: 51.2%, P < 0.001). More than half (51.2%) of obese adolescents were vitamin B12 deficient. On multiple linear regression analysis, serum B12 in rural adolescents was associated with age (β = −0.12, P < 0.05). Among urban adolescents, serum B12 was associated with BMI (β = −0.08, P < 0.05) and adjusted dietary vitamin B12 intake (β = 0.14, P < 0.001). Serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be lower in rural females (β = −0.12, P = 0.030) and urban males (β: 0.11, P < 0.001) compared to their respective contemporaries.ConclusionsVitamin B12 deficiency was higher among rural school‐going adolescents. Boys had a higher B12 deficiency than girls. Inverse associations of serum B12 with adiposity indices were observed. Serum B12 levels were positively associated with dietary vitamin B12 intake.
Pathways to Youth Behavior: The Role of Genetic, Neural, and Behavioral Markers
Authors: Trucco Elisa M. , Cope Lora M. , Burmeister Margit , Zucker Robert A. , Heitzeg Mary M. 
Published: February 2018

Neural and temperamental mechanisms through which a genetic risk marker in the γ‐amino butyric acid α2 receptor subunit (GABRA2) impacts adolescent functioning were investigated. Participants (N = 80; 29 female) completed an emotional word task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral control, negative emotionality, and resiliency temperament constructs were assessed. Externalizing and internalizing problems were the outcomes. Those with the GABRA2 minor allele had reduced activation to positive words in the angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum, and to negative words in frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Reduced activation in the angular gyrus predicted greater negative emotionality and, in turn, elevated externalizing problems. Reduced activation in the inferior parietal cortex predicted greater resiliency and, in turn, low externalizing problems.
Connecting Theory and Methods in Adolescent Brain Research
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. 
Published: February 2018

Networks are often implicated in theories of adolescent brain development, but they are not regularly examined in empirical studies. The aim of this article is to address this disconnect between theory and quantitative methodology, using the dual systems model of adolescent decision making as a prototype. After reviewing the key task‐related connectivity methods that have been applied in the adolescent neuroimaging literature (seed‐based correlations, psychophysiological interactions, and dynamic causal modeling), a novel connectivity method is introduced (extended unified structural equation modeling). The potential of this method for understanding adolescent brain development is showcased with a simulation study: It creates person‐specific networks that have direct and time‐lagged connections that can be modulated by behavior.
Outcomes of paediatric critical care asthma patients
Authors: Rampersad Neeta , Wilkins Barry , Egan Jonathan R 
Published: February 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to characterise patients with asthma admitted to an Australian paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of patients with asthma admitted to a university‐affiliated, 23‐bed, tertiary PICU between January 2000 and December 2011, with a subset of pharmacotherapy and biochemical data from patients admitted between July 2007 and December 2011.ResultsA total of 589 admissions (501 patients) with asthma over 12 years constituted 4.4% of all PICU admissions. Three patients died (0.6%). Non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 104 (17.7%) admissions, and 41 (7%) were invasively ventilated. On 12 (2%) occasions, patients received both NIV and invasive ventilation. Over 12 years, there was a significant trend to increased use of NIV, 11–39% (P < 0.0001), and invasive ventilation, 6–14% (P < 0.001). All received steroids and nebulised β2‐agonists. A total of 92% received intravenous (IV) β2‐agonists, 65% of these for less than 12 h. PICU and hospital stay were proportional to the duration of IV β2‐agonist infusion (P < 0.0001). A total of 47.1% received IV magnesium sulphate, increasing from 19 to 75% (P < 0.001). The majority (48%) were transferred directly to PICU from other hospitals. Median PICU stay was 1.04 days (0.72–1.63); hospital stay was 3.16 days (2.29–4.71), and both were unchanged.ConclusionsIntensive care length of stay (LOS) was unchanged over 12 years. Both invasive and NIV and IV magnesium sulphate use increased. LOS was directly related to the duration of IV β2‐agonist. Asthma patients admitted to PICU typically have a brief stay and have a fairly predictable course. Prospective studies could explore the contribution of IV agents and the role of NIV.
Assessment of Canine Pancreas‐Specific Lipase and Outcomes in Dogs with Hemodialysis‐Dependent Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Takada K. , Palm C.A. , Epstein S.E. , Cowgill L.D. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundRenal replacement therapies can be life‐saving for dogs with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), however, comorbidities including pancreatitis might affect outcome.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of pancreas‐specific lipase (Spec cPL) measurements consistent with pancreatitis (≥400 μg/L) in dogs undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) for treatment of AKI and to determine whether there were associations between 30‐days outcomes and Spec cPL measurements.AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned dogs presented to teaching hospitals between November 2008 and September 2016 that underwent IHD.MethodsRetrospective medical record review from dogs that received IHD for management of AKI and also had a Spec cPL measurement. Association between survival, dialysis‐dependency, and Spec cPL measurements was assessed.ResultsForty of 53 (76%) dogs were alive at 30‐days and 33/53(62%) had a Spec cPL result ≥400 μg/L. Spec cPL was not significantly different either between surviving (635.5 μg/L, range 29–1,001) and nonsurviving dogs (860 μg/L, range 56–1,001; P = 0.75) or between dialysis‐dependent (1,001 μg/L, range 177–1,001) and nondialysis‐dependent dogs (520 μg/L, range 29–1,001; P = 0.08). Spec cPL ≥400 μg/L was not significantly associated either with survival (P = 0.74) or dialysis‐dependency (P = 0.33).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults revealed a high prevalence of Spec cPL ≥400 μg/L in dogs with AKI treated with IHD. No significant associations between Spec cPL and survival or dialysis‐dependency in dogs with AKI at 30 days were identified in the current study, however, the latter could be due to lack of power in this study.
Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth, Food Consumption, Proximate Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Juvenile Dark‐banded Rockfish, Sebastes inermis
Authors: Oh Sung‐Yong , Venmathi Maran B. A. , Park Jin W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effects of feeding frequency on growth, food consumption, body composition, and blood chemistry of dark‐banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis, were investigated for 70 d. A total of 30 rockfish each (initial mean body weight of 13.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed to twelve 75‐L tanks. Fish were hand‐fed to satiation with a commercial diet (51.0% protein) under one of four different feeding frequency treatments (one, two, or three meals per day or one meal for 2 d). At the end of the experiment, fish fed with two and three meals per day exhibited the highest weight gain, specific growth, and feeding rates. Feed efficiency and size variation were not significantly affected by feeding frequency (P > 0.05). The maximum food consumption occurred during the last meal (1700 h) of the two and three meals per day treatments. As feeding frequency increased, whole‐body protein and lipid, as well as plasma total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol contents also significantly increased (P < 0.05). We concluded that the juvenile dark‐banded rockfish weighing from 10 to 40 g can achieve the best growth performance when they are fed two meals per day under our experimental conditions.
Lost in diversity: the interactions between soil‐borne fungi, biodiversity and plant productivity
Authors: Mommer Liesje , Cotton T. E. Anne , Raaijmakers Jos M. , Termorshuizen Aad J. , van Ruijven Jasper , Hendriks Marloes , van Rijssel Sophia Q. , van de Mortel Judith E. , van der Paauw Jan Willem , Schijlen Elio G. W. M. , Smit‐Tiekstra Annemiek E. , Berendse Frank , de Kroon Hans , Dumbrell Alex J. 
Published: February 2018

Summary

There is consensus that plant species richness enhances plant productivity within natural grasslands, but the underlying drivers remain debated. Recently, differential accumulation of soil‐borne fungal pathogens across the plant diversity gradient has been proposed as a cause of this pattern. However, the below‐ground environment has generally been treated as a ‘black box’ in biodiversity experiments, leaving these fungi unidentified.

Using next generation sequencing and pathogenicity assays, we analysed the community composition of root‐associated fungi from a biodiversity experiment to examine if evidence exists for host specificity and negative density dependence in the interplay between soil‐borne fungi, plant diversity and productivity.

Plant species were colonised by distinct (pathogenic) fungal communities and isolated fungal species showed negative, species‐specific effects on plant growth. Moreover, 57% of the pathogenic fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) recorded in plant monocultures were not detected in eight plant species plots, suggesting a loss of pathogenic OTUs with plant diversity.

Our work provides strong evidence for host specificity and negative density‐dependent effects of root‐associated fungi on plant species in grasslands. Our work substantiates the hypothesis that fungal root pathogens are an important driver of biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships.
Efficacy of routine catheter tip culture in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kitano Taito , Takagi Kumiko , Arai Ikuyo , Yasuhara Hajime , Ebisu Reiko , Ohgitani Ayako , Kitagawa Daisuke , Oka Miyako , Masuo Kazue , Minowa Hideki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundRoutine catheter tip cultures are not recommended because some cases of colonization, such as with Staphylococcus aureus, can lead to subsequent bacteremia. To evaluate the safety of colonization without antimicrobial treatment, as well as the effectiveness of routine catheter tip cultures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), we performed a retrospective data analysis in a Japanese community hospital.MethodsWe reviewed all peripherally inserted central venous catheter tip culture results from the NICU ward between April 2012 and June 2017 and noted outcome (i.e. antimicrobial treatment or subsequent infection). We then performed a cost analysis for routine catheter tip culturing on patients who were symptom free during the study period.ResultsOf the 93 positive cases in 80 patients from 1,051 catheter tip cultures, seven patients had suspected infection and were treated with antimicrobials. The other 73 symptom‐free, positive patients had no subsequent or exacerbated symptoms indicative of an infection, and did not have antimicrobial treatment. The total cost for catheter tip culturing during the study period was ¥548 731. After excluding patients with symptoms of infection at the time of culture, the efficacy of routine catheter tip cultures on symptom‐free patients was estimated to be zero.ConclusionSymptom‐free colonization did not affect clinician management in this study, and all colonized patients without suspected infection were safely managed without antimicrobials. Furthermore, routine catheter tip culturing was not cost‐effective; therefore, this practice may be no longer recommended in the NICU.
The use of feed and water additives for live fish transport
Authors: Vanderzwalmen Myriam , Eaton Lewis , Mullen Carrie , Henriquez Fiona , Carey Peter , Snellgrove Donna , Sloman Katherine A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe transport of live fish for aquaculture, either for food or as companion animals, presents a major issue for animal welfare. The stressors associated with live transportation are well documented with a focus on maintaining water quality during transport to reduce stress. Far less considered is our ability to enhance health and welfare during transport through the use of dietary and water additives prior to and during transport. With increasing interest in the use of plant essential oils as feed additives in food fish aquaculture and the increased availability of products claiming to alleviate stress in ornamental species, there is a need for scientific investigation into these potential welfare‐promoting methods. Here, we summarise current knowledge on the use of food additives, water conditioners, antibiotics, antimicrobials and probiotics to promote fish health during transport. This review aims to highlight the gaps in our knowledge surrounding promising ways of promoting fish health during transport and to stimulate new research in this area.