bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and treatment of landfill leachates by electro‐Fenton process: A case study in Algeria
Authors: Rouidi Lina M. , Maurício Rita , Boukhrissa Athir , Ait‐Amar Hamid , Balamane Ouafia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe feasibility of the electro‐Fenton (EF) process to improve the biodegradability of Algerian leachates was examined, in order to prepare this kind of flux for conventional biological treatment. This work also included, for the first time in Algeria, the control and monitorization of a landfill—the “Hamici” landfill. Several physicochemical parameters were determined allowing its classification into an intermediate degradation phase, namely considering their alkaline pH (8.7), high ammonium concentration (3,120 mg/L), low content in heavy metals, and biodegradability (BOD5/COD = 0.22). The effects of important parameters such as current intensity, treatment time, and temperature on COD removal have been studied and optimized by using response surface analysis of a central composite design, where 91.1% of COD was removed with a treatment time of 285 min, a current intensity of 3 A, and a temperature of 20°C. A biodegradability test, which was performed on a solution electrolyzed with 120 min, 2 A, and 20°C, allowed to improve the leachates biodegradability from 0.2 to 0.42, with a removal rate of COD and TOC of 53.35% and 34.5%, respectively. However, the current efficiency declined from 137% to 76.6% when the current intensity was rise from 0.5 to 2 A. These results showed the relevance of EF process applied on raw intermediate leachates and its possible benefit in the Algiers leachates treatment processes. Thus, it was concluded that biological treatment can be combined with EF process for optimal mineralization of leachates with clear advantages in this studied location.Practitioner points

Characterization and treatment of leachates by electro‐Fenton (EF) process were carried out.

The leachates are intermediate type and therefore biologically recalcitrant.

The operating parameter for EF process were modeled and optimized by the central composite design.

Current intensity of 2 A reduces COD and TOC of 53.35% and 34.5%, respectively.

The ratio BOD5/COD increased from 0.2 to 0.42 after 120 min of electrolysis time.
Physicochemical properties of antibiotics: A review with an emphasis on detection in the aquatic environment
Authors: Jafari Ozumchelouei Elnaz , Hamidian Amir Hossein , Zhang Yu , Yang Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntibiotics have extensively been applied to rescue a great number of lives through prevention and treatment of contagious diseases and infections. They are either natural or human‐made substances, which are broadly employed for promoting the health condition of human, plant, and animal. However, antibiotics are known to exert detrimental impacts on useful and nontarget microbiota of the biological system due to the overuse, continuous discharge into the environment, and subsequently aggregation in various environmental matrices. Physical and chemical properties help to evaluate whether a substance is more likely to concentrate on the terrestrial, aquatic, or atmospheric environmental matrix as well as its fate. Therefore, appropriate characterization and proper understanding of physicochemical attributes of antibiotics are indispensable to protect ecosystem health. In this paper, the antibiotic classifications and their physicochemical properties were reviewed with emphasis on detection in the aqueous environment.Practitioner points

Antibiotic compounds were classified in main classes, groups, and their main use.

Tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, β‐lactams, quinolones, polyether ionophores, and glycopeptides are the most commonly detected antibiotics in the aquatic environment.

Physical–chemical properties of the main antimicrobial classes were mentioned.

Physicochemical properties can change under different environmental conditions such as pH and temperature.
Clarifying how hunt‐specific experiences affect satisfaction among more avid and less avid waterfowl hunters
Authors: Schroeder Susan A. , Fulton David C. , Cornicelli Louis , Cordts Steven D. , Lawrence Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMarketing research methods could enhance understanding of hunter satisfaction, a key metric for state wildlife management agencies. We used 3 marketing research approaches—revised importance‐performance, importance‐grid, and penalty‐reward‐contrast analysis—to test determinants of waterfowl hunter satisfaction in Minnesota, USA. These methods have seen limited application in research on hunting and other outdoor recreation activities. Using results from a 2015 mail survey, we examined the implicit and explicit motivations and overall satisfaction of Minnesota waterfowl hunters. We also differentiated how experiences relate to satisfaction for more avid and less avid hunters, defined by self‐reported importance of the activity. Seeing ducks in the field was important to satisfaction for both avidity groups. Bagging ducks each day in the field was more important to satisfaction for less avid hunters, whereas bagging a lot of ducks over the season and attracting ducks with decoys were more important to the satisfaction of more avid hunters. Our methods illuminate differences between explicit and implicit motivations for participation in waterfowl hunting, clarify factors crucial to satisfaction, and identify asymmetric influences of experiences on satisfaction and dissatisfaction. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Recombinant production of a hard‐to‐express membrane‐bound cytochrome P450 in different yeasts—Comparison of physiology and productivity
Authors: Hausjell Johanna , Schendl Dominik , Weissensteiner Julia , Molitor Christian , Halbwirth Heidi , Spadiut Oliver 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCytochrome P450s comprise one of the largest protein superfamilies. They occur in every kingdom of life and catalyse a variety of essential reactions. Their production is of utmost interest regarding biotransformation and structure‐function elucidation. However, they have proven hard to express due to their membrane anchor, their complex co‐factor requirements and their need for a redox‐partner. In our study, we investigated and compared different yeast strains for the production of the plant cytochrome P450 chalcone 3‐hydroxylase. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating different yeasts for the expression of this abundant and highly significant protein superfamily.Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three different strains of Pichia pastoris expressing chalcone 3‐hydroxylase were cultivated in controlled bioreactor runs and evaluated regarding physiological parameters and expression levels of the cytochrome P450. Production differed significantly between the different strains and was found highest in the investigated P. pastoris MutS strain KM71H where 8 mg P450 per gram dry cell weight were detected. We believe that this host could be suitable for the expression of many eukaryotic, especially plant‐derived, cytochrome P450s as it combines high specific product yields together with straightforward cultivation techniques for achieving high biomass concentrations. Both factors greatly facilitate subsequent establishment of purification procedures for the cytochrome P450 and make the yeast strain an ideal platform for biotransformation as well.
Navigating Higher Education Institutions in Times of Quality Assurance: The Assumptive Worlds of Vice Chancellors
Authors: Hult Agneta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, the vice chancellors’ views of the idea of the university, quality in higher education, and national evaluation and quality assurance are described and analysed as parts of their assumptive worlds. A majority of all Swedish vice chancellors were interviewed, and their different and partly conflicting views are outlined as different regions of the Swedish higher education landscape. As a background, the changes to the governing of higher education in Sweden are briefly presented. The vice chancellors’ assumptive worlds are discussed in relation to these transformations and to governing higher education by evaluation and as potential grounds for their common policy and action.
LSTM and 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks for Predictive Monitoring of the Anaerobic Digestion Process
Authors: McCormick Mark , Villa Alessandro E. P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnaerobic digestion is a natural process that transforms organic substrates to methane and other products. Under controlled conditions the process has been widely applied to manage organic wastes. Improvements in process control are expected to lead to improvements in the technical and economic efficiency of the process. This paper presents and compares 3 different neural network model architectures for use as anaerobic digestion process predictive models. The models predict the future biogas production trend from measured physical and chemical parameters. The first model features an LSTM layer, the second model features a 1-D convolutional layer and the third model combines 2 separate inputs and parallel treatment using LSTM and 1-D convolutional layers followed by merging to produce a single prediction. The predictions can be used to adaptively adjust the substrate feeding rate in accordance with the transient state of the digestion process as defined by liquid feeding rate, the organic acid and ammonium ion concentrations and the pH of the digester liquid phase. The training and testing data were obtained during 1 year of continuous operation of a pilot-plant treating restaurant wastes. PLS regression and ICA were used to select the most relevant process parameters from the data. The 1-D Convolutional based model comprising 272 trainable parameters predicted the future biogas flow rate changes with accuracy as high as 89% and an average accuracy of 58% . The work-flow can be applied to optimize the control of the study digester and to control bioreactors in general.
Predictive Power of Time-Series Based Machine Learning Models for DMPK Measurements in Drug Discovery
Authors: von Korff Modest , Corminboeuf Olivier , Gatfield John , Jeay Sébastien , Reymond Isabelle , Sander Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour datasets measuring DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics) parameters, and one target protein-specific dataset were analyzed by machine learning methods. Parameters measured for the five compound sets were biological activity data, plasma protein binding, permeability in MDCK I cell layers, intrinsic clearance by human liver microsomes, and plasma exposure in orally dosed rats. The measured data were sorted chronologically, reflecting the order in which they had been obtained in the discovery project. Subsets of the chronologically sorted data that appeared early in the project were used as training datasets to build predictive models for subsequent compounds based on kNN, partial least squares regression (PLSR), nonlinear PLSR, random forest regression, and support vector regression. A median model was used as a baseline to assess the machine learning model prediction quality. Data sets sorted in order of increasing test set prediction error: intrinsic clearance, plasma protein binding, cell layer permeability, biological activity on target protein, and bioavailability as AUC in rats. Our results give a first estimation of the power of machine learning to predict DMPK properties of compounds in an ongoing drug discovery project.
Application of Materials Informatics Tools to the Analysis of Combinatorial Libraries of All Metal-Oxides Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Senderowitz Hanoch , Yosipof Abraham , Kaspi Omer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaterial informatics is engaged with the application of informatics tools, frequently in the form of machine learning algorithms, to gain insight into structure properties relationships of materials and to design new materials with desired properties. Here we describe the application of such algorithms to the analysis of solar cell (i.e., photovoltaic; PV) libraries made entirely from metal oxides (MOs). MOs-based solar cells hold the potential to provide clean and affordable energy if their power conversion efficiencies are improved. We demonstrate the power of dimensionality reduction methods to visualize the MOs-based solar cell space and the power of several algorithms to develop predictive models for key PV properties. We stress the importance of conducting such studies in collaboration with experimentalists.
Analysis and Modelling of False Positives in GPCR Assays
Authors: Ghosh Dipan , Tetko Igor , Klebl Bert , Nussbaumer Peter , Koch Uwe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractG-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) are involved in all the major signaling pathways. As a result, they often serve as potential target for therapeutic drugs. In this study we analyze publicly available assays involving different classes of GPCR to identify false positives. Using the latest developments in Machine Learning, we then build models that can predict such compounds with high confidence. Given the ubiquity of GPCR assays, we believe such models will be very helpful in flagging potential false positives for further testing.
Conformational Oversampling as Data Augmentation for Molecules
Authors: Hemmerich Jennifer , Asilar Ece , Ecker Gerhard F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractToxicological datasets tend to be small and imbalanced. This quickly causes models to overfit and disregard the minority class. To solve this issue we generate conformations of molecules. Thereby, we can balance datasets as well as increase their size. Using this approach on the Tox21 Challenge data we observed conformational oversampling to be a viable approach to train datasets, increasing the balanced accuracy of trained models.
Positive Self-adjoint Operator Extensions with Applications to Differential Operators
Authors: Brown B. M. , Evans W. D. , Wood I. G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper we consider extensions of positive operators. We study the connections between the von Neumann theory of extensions and characterisations of positive extensions via decompositions of the domain of the associated form. We apply the results to elliptic second order differential operators and look in particular at examples of the Laplacian on a disc and the Aharonov–Bohm operator.
Aktualisierung der S2k-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Metaphylaxe der Urolithiasis (AWMF Registernummer 043-025)
Authors: Seitz C. , Bach T. , Bader M. , Berg W. , Knoll T. , Neisius A. , Netsch C. , Nothacker M. , Schmidt S. , Schönthaler M. , Siener R. , Stein R. , Straub M. , Strohmaier W. , Türk C. , Volkmer B. 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Zunahme des medizinischen Wissens, technische Neuerungen gemeinsam mit demographischem Wandel stellen eine Herausforderung an die Neukonzeption von Leitlinien und klinischen Studien dar. Die vorliegende S2k-Leitlinie, die sich ausschließlich mit Nieren- und Harnleitersteinen beschäftigt, soll die Behandlung von Harnsteinpatienten in Klinik und Praxis unterstützen, aber auch Patienteninformationen zur Urolithiasis geben. Die zunehmende interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit in der Steintherapie zeigt sich auch an der Anzahl beteiligter Fachgruppen und Arbeitsgemeinschaften in der Erstellung des neuen Leitlinienupdates. Die vorliegende, aus einem interdisziplinären Konsensusprozess hervorgegangene S2k-Leitlinie stellt die aktuellen Empfehlungen praxisnah dar und gibt Entscheidungshilfen für Diagnostik‑, Therapie- und Metaphylaxemaßnahmen auf Basis von Expertenmeinungen und verfügbaren Evidenzgrundlagen aus der Literatur.
Crime, deterrence and punishment revisited
Authors: Bun Maurice J. G. , Kelaher Richard , Sarafidis Vasilis , Weatherburn Don 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite an abundance of empirical evidence on crime spanning over 40 years, there exists no consensus on the impact of the criminal justice system on crime activity. We construct a new panel data set that contains all relevant variables prescribed by economic theory. Our identification strategy allows for a feedback relationship between crime and deterrence variables, and it controls for omitted variables and measurement error. We deviate from the majority of the literature in that we specify a dynamic model, which captures the essential feature of habit formation and persistence in aggregate behaviour. Our results show that the criminal justice system exerts a large influence on crime activity. Increasing the risk of apprehension and conviction is more influential in reducing crime than raising the expected severity of punishment.
A short proof of the deformation property of Bridgeland stability conditions
Authors: Bayer Arend 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The key result in the theory of Bridgeland stability conditions is the property that they form a complex manifold. This comes from the fact that given any small deformation of the central charge, there is a unique way to correspondingly deform the stability condition. We give a short direct proof of an effective version of this deformation property.
Feeding Honeybee Colonies with Honeybee-Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria (Hbs-LAB) Does Not Affect Colony-Level Hbs-LAB Composition or Paenibacillus larvae Spore Levels, Although American Foulbrood Affected Colonies Harbor a More Diverse Hbs-LAB Community
Authors: Lamei Sepideh , Stephan Jörg G. , Nilson Bo , Sieuwerts Sander , Riesbeck Kristian , de Miranda Joachim R. , Forsgren Eva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The main current methods for controlling American Foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees, caused by the bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae, are enforced incineration or prophylactic antibiotic treatment, neither of which is fully satisfactory. This has led to an increased interest in the natural relationships between the pathogenic and mutualistic microorganisms of the honeybee microbiome, in particular, the antagonistic effects of Honeybee-Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria (hbs-LAB) against P. larvae. We investigated whether supplemental administration of these bacteria affected P. larvae infection at colony level over an entire flowering season. Over the season, the supplements affected neither colony-level hbs-LAB composition nor naturally subclinical or clinical P. larvae spore levels. The composition of hbs-LAB in colonies was, however, more diverse in apiaries with a history of clinical AFB, although this was also unrelated to P. larvae spore levels. During the experiments, we also showed that qPCR could detect a wider range of hbs-LAB, with higher specificity and sensitivity than mass spectrometry. Honeybee colonies are complex super-organisms where social immune defenses, natural homeostatic mechanisms, and microbiome diversity and function play a major role in disease resistance. This means that observations made at the individual bee level cannot be simply extrapolated to infer similar effects at colony level. Although individual laboratory larval assays have clearly demonstrated the antagonistic effects of hbs-LAB on P. larvae infection, the results from the experiments presented here indicate that direct conversion of such practice to colony-level administration of live hbs-LAB is not effective.
Factors Influencing a Medical Student's Decision to Pursue Surgery as a Career
Authors: Shelton Jarod , Obregon Michael , Luo Jessica , Feldman‐Schultz Oren , MacDowell Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent match trends from the National Resident Matching Program suggest that the number of allopathic medical students (MD) pursuing general surgery is declining. This decline may have profound consequences given the surgeon shortage predicted by the Association of American Medical Colleges. Early exposure to surgery opportunities may increase a student's desire to pursue the specialty as a career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect surgical activities have on promoting student interest in surgery.MethodsMedical students (years 1–3) at the University of Illinois at Rockford completed a two‐component activity: a questionnaire and laparoscopic box activity. Differences in lifestyle factors, psychomotor aptitude, and future career interests were compared.ResultsA total of 64 medical students completed the activity. 45.3% of students reported that the activity positively influenced their decision to pursue a career in surgery. Rating of the importance of living in a rural versus urban community was an important lifestyle factor (p = 0.01) for students without rather than with an interest in surgery, 3.95 and 3.19, respectively. No differences were observed in other lifestyle factors.ConclusionEarly exposure to surgical activities may foster interest in students who lacked previous intention to pursue the specialty.
The Croker Carbonate Slabs: extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate in the Irish Sea—nature, origin, longevity and environmental significance
Authors: Judd Alan , Noble-James Tamsyn , Golding Neil , Eggett Andrew , Diesing Markus , Clare David , Silburn Briony , Duncan Graeme , Field Lorraine , Milodowski Antoni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Croker Carbonate Slabs, in the UK sector of the Irish Sea, has shallow (70 to 100 m) water, strong (> 2 knot) tidal currents, coarse mobile surficial sediments and the most extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate (MDAC) known in European waters. Multi-disciplinary studies (2004 to 2015) were commissioned specifically to document the benthic habitat, and have resulted in the designation of this site as a Marine Protected Area (MPA) under the European Commission’s Habitats Directive as an example of “Submarine structures formed by leaking gases”. However, this paper is focussed on the geoscience aspects of the site: the mineralogy and isotopic composition of the MDAC, its formation and age. It considers the implications of these findings with respect to the timing of the deglaciation of the area since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the environmental implications of the seepage of methane from the site over a period of at least 17,000 years. Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C − 34 to − 54‰) confirm that the carbonate minerals (high-Mg calcite and aragonite) result from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Widespread shallow gas within post-glacial sediments is sourced from underlying coal-bearing Carboniferous strata. Geophysical (side-scan sonar and multi-beam echo sounder) and visual surveys show that the MDAC occurs as isolated lumps, continuous pavements, and cliffs < 6 m tall, which post-date the post-glacial sediments, but are in places covered by a veneer of coarse mobile surficial sediments. U-Th dates (17,000 ± 5500 to 4000 ± 200 BP) suggest continual MDAC formation since the last glacial maximum, and constrain the postglacial sea level rise in this part of the Irish Sea; the site must have been submarine before MDAC formation started, whether or not methane was escaping. Visual and acoustic evidence of gas seepage is limited, but methane concentrations in the water are high (< 21.4 nmol l−1) and suggest present-day export to the atmosphere. It is also implied that significant methane release to the atmosphere occurred immediately after the retreat of the ice that covered the site during the LGM until 21.9 to 20.7 ka BP.