bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in brain metabolite concentrations in healthy children – proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (<sup>1 </sup>HMRS)
Authors: Cichocka Monika , Kozub Justyna , Karcz Paulina , Urbanik Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe aim of this 1HMRS study was to define sex-related differences in metabolic spectrum between healthy children. Forty-nine girls and boys aged 6-15 years were examined.Material and methodsVolume of interest was located in seven brain regions: frontal lobes, basal ganglia, hippocampi, and cerebellum.ResultsStatistical analysis of the results showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) myo-inositol concentrations relative to the total concentrations in the boys than the girls, as well as higher absolute N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in the left frontal lobes in girls. No other significant differences were shown, except for trends in differences.ConclusionsIn clinical practice the diagnostic process first of all focuses on assessing concentrations of metabolites to relative cerebellum concentration. Thus, the findings of the present study allow the conclusion that when analysing the results of 1HMRS studies in children it is not necessary to take into account the child’s gender.
Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography as a follow-up method for visceral artery aneurysm treated with
coil-embolisation
Authors: Kawai Tatsuya , Shimohira Masashi , Suzuki Kazushi , Ohta Kengo , Kurosaka Kenichiro , Hashizume Takuya , Nishikawa Hiroko , Muto Masahiro , Arai Nobuyuki , Kan Hirohito , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and usefulness of time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography (TR-MRA) for follow-up of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) after embolotherapy.Material and methodsTwenty-one VAAs (11 splenic, six renal, three internal iliac, and one superior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms) in 18 patients (median age, 64 years; range, 36-88 years) previously treated by embolisation with platinum coils, were evaluated. The mean size of the aneurysm was 10.5 cm<sup>3</sup> (range, 0.3-132 cm<sup>3</sup>). Among them, 19 lesions were treated by aneurysmal packing with or without distal-to-proximal embolisation. For the remaining two lesions, distal-to-proximal embolization alone was performed. The mean observation period after embolotherapy was 35 weeks (range, 4-216). All patients underwent TR-MRA following an intravenous bolus injection of gadolinium chelate. Recanalisation was diagnosed when any portion of the aneurysmal sac was enhanced in the arterial phase.ResultsOn TR-MRA, two lesions were diagnosed as recanalised. They were confirmed by transcatheter arteriography and re-treated by embolotherapy. For the remaining 19 lesions, there were no findings of recanalisation on TR-MRA.ConclusionsTR-MRA appears to be a feasible method for follow-up examination of VAAs treated by embolotherapy.
The assessment of diagnostic medical images using 10-bit grayscale – fact or myth?
Authors: Chrzan Robert , Urbanik Andrzej 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe aim of the study was to find tests for verification of 10-bit grayscale support for radiological workstation hardware/operating system and for DICOM viewer. Also, we wanted to perform the tests on available workstations.Material and methodsThe following tests were selected to verify 10-bit grayscale support: workstation hardware and operating system tests using DirectX SDK 10BitScanout10.exe and NEC 10bitdemo.exe programs, DICOM viewer tests using TG18-MP and TG18-QC patterns. The tests were performed on 14 radiological workstations in a local department of radiology and on 4 radiological workstations during the technical exhibition at the ECR (European Congress of Radiology) in 2017.ResultsOnly 3 out of 14 local workstations passed the hardware and operating system 10-bit grayscale support test. Only one workstation passed the DICOM viewer 10-bit grayscale support test.ConclusionsHardware/operating system and DICOM viewer 10-bit grayscale support should be tested on every radio­logical workstation even if compatibility is stated by the manufacturer. Existing medical diagnostic display quality requirements should be adjusted so that 10-bit support for DICOM viewers is only a desirable option.
The Terrorism of Islamic Fundamentalists
Authors: Zubrzycki Waldemar 
Published: July 2018

Fundamentalism is a general term denoting religious movements which consider religious traditions to be of the highest importance and are reluctant to introduce any changes which are seen as an infringement of religious identity. Fundamentalism is a characteristic of all religions in the world, however, in the case of Islam — in the recent years — it has often been the cause of terrorist acts. The dogmata of Islam are defined in the Quran, according to which there are five pillars of Islam to which every Muslim has to adhere. The characteristic feature of Islamic fundamentalism is to introduce specific ways of life based on traditional standards described in the Quran, they define social and political aspects of life as well as detachment from the Western way of life. The cause of this is frustration and social dissatisfaction along with a rejection of modern methods and changes proposed by the West. Preaching slogans which encourage fighting against injustice and demoralisation in the name of creating “a better world”, along with a proprietary right to interpret the verses of the Quran, results in the promotion of terrorism, including suicide attacks. The cult of sacrificing one’s own life is treated in Islam as a heroic deed, in which the doer sacrifices what he deems most important. Martyrdom, glory after death, the sense of self-sacrifice for the sake of a divine cause are factors which make Islamic terrorists accept their own demise and this is not considered as the end of their existence but rather its beginning and privileged because of the sacrifice of one’s life for Islam. The foundation of Islamic terrorism is the rivalry between the values of the West and the fundamentalist and traditionalist tendencies of the Arabic countries. Anti-West attitudes together with a politicised version of Islam are major threats not only to both sides but also the whole world.
Influence of elevated CO2 on development and food utilization of armyworm Mythimna separata fed on transgenic Bt maize infected by nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Authors: Li Zhuo , Parajulee Megha N. , Chen Fajun 
Published: July 2018

Background
Bt crops will face a new ecological risk of reduced effectiveness against target-insect pests owing to the general decrease in exogenous-toxin content in Bt crops grown under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). The method chosen to deal with this issue may affect the sustainability of transgenic crops as an effective pest management tool, especially under future atmospheric CO2 level raising.

Methods
In this study, rhizobacterias, as being one potential biological regulator to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, was selected and the effects of Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize Xianyu 335) infected by Azospirillum brasilense (AB) and Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) on the development and food utilization of the target Mythimna separate under ambient and double-ambient CO2 in open-top chambers from 2016 to 2017.

Results
The results indicated that rhizobacteria infection significantly increased the larval life-span, pupal duration, relative consumption rate and approximate digestibility of M. separata, and significantly decreased the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity, relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of M. separata fed on Bt maize, while here were opposite trends in development and food utilization of M. separata fed on non-Bt maize infected with AB and AC compared with the control buffer in 2016 and 2017 regardless of CO2 level.

Discussion
Simultaneously, elevated CO2 and Bt maize both had negative influence on the development and food utilization of M. separata. Presumably, CO2 concentration arising in future significantly can increase their intake of food and harm to maize crop; however, Bt maize infected with rhizobacterias can reduce the field hazards from M. separata and the application of rhizobacteria infection can enhance the resistance of Bt maize against target lepidoptera pests especially under elevated CO2.
Natural Product Dietary Supplement Use by Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review
Authors: DeSalvo Janel C. , Skiba Meghan B. , Howe Carol L. , Haiber Karen E. , Funk Janet L. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveNatural product dietary supplements (NDS), defined as non‐mineral, non‐vitamin, ingested, natural product–derived, substances, are the most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine modality in the US, with musculoskeletal disease being the most frequent reason for their use. Because NDS usage is frequently unreported, and patients with RA may be at higher risk for NDS‐related side effects due the underlying nature of the disease and frequent use of complex pharmaceutical regimens, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken to examine population‐based patterns of NDS use for RA self‐management.MethodsUsing guidelines for scoping reviews, Allied and Complementary Medicine, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify references presenting primary data related to the prevalence or patterns of use of NDS in RA populations.ResultsTwenty‐three studies, which were published between 1980 and 2015 and conducted in 11 countries, met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of NDS use in patients with RA was 47% worldwide and did not differ by geographic region. On average, 47% of patients found NDS to be effective and 13% reported adverse side effects, with only 30% informing their physicians about the use of NDS, which in a majority of cases were used concomitantly with RA pharmaceuticals. Marine oils, glucosamine, vinegar, and chondroitin were among the most commonly reported NDS worldwide.ConclusionGiven the apparent communication gap between patients and providers regarding NDS use and higher potential risks associated with this usage in RA, ongoing surveillance of population‐based practices may help facilitate RA management and direct future NDS research.
Tuning the Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Zr‐MOF: Toward Solid‐State Fluorescent Molecular Switch and Turn‐On Sensor
Authors: Gui Bo , Meng Yi , Xie Yang , Tian Jianwu , Yu Ge , Zeng Weixuan , Zhang Guanxin , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo , Zhang Deqing , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe immobilization of fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) switches/sensors into solid state, which usually cannot maintain their identical properties in solution, has remained a big challenge. Herein, a water‐stable anthracene and maleimide appended zirconium‐based‐metal–organic framework (Zr‐MOF; UiO‐68‐An/Ma) is reported. Unlike the regular intramolecular “fluorophore–spacer–receptor” format, the separated immobilization of fluorescent (anthracene) and acceptor (maleimide) groups into the framework of a multivariate MOF can also favor a pseudo‐intramolecular fluorescent PET process, resulting in UiO‐68‐An/Ma with very weak fluorescence. Interestingly, after Diels–Alder reaction or thiol‐ene reaction of maleimide groups, the pseudo‐intramolecular fluorescent PET process in UiO‐68‐An/Ma fails and the solid‐state fluorescence of the crystals is recovered. In addition, UiO‐68‐An/Ma shows an interesting application as solid‐state fluorescent turn‐on sensor for biothiols, with the naked eye response at a low concentration of 50 µmol L−1 within 5 min. This study represents a general strategy to enable the efficient tuning of fluorescent PET switches/sensors in solid state, and considering the fluorescence of the PET‐based MOFs can be restored after addition of analyte/target species, this research will definitely inspire to construct stimuli‐responsive fluorescent MOFs for interesting applications (e.g., logic gate) in future.
Development of a Novel Orthogonal Double Gradient for High‐Throughput Screening of Mesenchymal Stem Cells–Materials Interaction
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Ge Lu , Guimarães Carlos F. , Kühn Philipp T. , Yang Liangliang , van Rijn Patrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSurface gradients provide a powerful platform to accelerate multiscale design by efficiently studying of material–cell interactions to ultimately enhance function of synthetic clinical biomaterials. Herein, a novel orthogonal double gradient is reported in which surface stiffness and wettability vary independently and continuously in perpendicular directions, providing unique combinations of stiffness and wettability over a broad range (stiffness: 6–89 MPa; water contact angle: 29°–90°). It is found that mesenchymal stem cell behavior is nonlinearly regulated by surface stiffness and wettability. These combined stiffness and wettability properties of a material significantly affect stem cell adhesion, spreading, nucleus size, and vinculin expression. This high‐throughput screening system enables elucidation of the relationships between biointerface properties and biological behavior, and thereby serves a potential tool for accelerating the development of high‐performance biomaterials.
Tetrathienoanthracene and Tetrathienylbenzene Derivatives as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Rojas Diana Elizabeth Meza , Cho Kyung Taek , Zhang Yi , Urbani Maxence , Tabet Nouar , de la Torre Gema , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Torres Tomás 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two related families of star‐shaped thiophene‐containing hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) based on fused tetrathienoanthracene and nonfused tetrathienylbenzene cores are reported. All of them are endowed with four terminal (4,4′‐dimethoxy)diphenylamino groups that are either linked directly to the core or showed a different type of bridges (i.e., thiophene‐phenyl or phenyl rings). The novel HTMs are tested in mixed‐ion perovskite (Cs0.1FA0.74MA0.13PbI2.48Br0.39) solar cells, and power conversion efficiencies of up to 18.8% are measured under 1 sun irradiation, comparable with the efficiency obtained for the reference cell using 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N′‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene as an HTM.
Engineering Surface Amine Modifiers of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Improved Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wang Caiyun , Liu Yuqing , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUltrasmall gold (Au) nanoparticles with high mass activity have great potential for practical applications in CO2 electroreduction. However, these nanoparticles often suffer from poor product selectivity since their abundant low‐coordinated sites are favorable for H2 evolution. In this work, a catalyst, reduced graphene oxide supported ultrasmall Au nanoparticles (≈2.4 nm) is developed which delivers high Au‐specific mass activities (>100 A g−1) and good Faradaic efficiencies (32–60%) for the CO2‐to‐CO conversion at moderate overpotentials (450–600 mV). The efficiencies can be improved to 59–75% while retaining the ultrahigh mass activities via a simple amine‐modification strategy. In addition, an amine‐structure‐dependent effect is revealed: linear amines promote the CO formation whereas the branched polyamine greatly depresses it; the increasing alkyl chain length boosts the promotion effect of linear amines. The strong Au‐amine interaction and molecular configuration induced amine coverage on the ultrasmall Au NPs may contribute to this effect.
Cascade Reactions in Tunable Lamellar Micro‐ and Mesopores for C=C Bond Coupling and Hydrocarbon Synthesis
Authors: Lin Fan , Zhang Junyan , Liu Dongxia , Chin Ya‐Huei (Cathy) 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional MFI zeolite nanosheets contain Brønsted acid sites partially confined at the intercept between micro‐ and mesopores. These acid sites exhibit exceptional reactivities and stabilities for C=C bond coupling and ring‐closure reactions that transform light aldehydes to aromatics. These sites are much more effective than those confined within the micropores of MFI crystallites and those unconfined on H4SiW12O40 clusters or mesoporous aluminosilicate Al‐MCM‐41. The partially confined site environment solvates and stabilizes the transition states of the kinetically relevant steps during aromatization.
A Protein‐Based Encapsulation System with Calcium‐Controlled Cargo Loading and Detachment
Authors: Lizatović Robert , Assent Marvin , Barendregt Arjan , Dahlin Jonathan , Bille Anna , Satzinger Katharina , Tupina Dagnija , Heck Albert J. R. , Wennmalm Stefan , André Ingemar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein‐based encapsulation systems have a wide spectrum of applications in targeted delivery of cargo molecules and for chemical transformations in confined spaces. By engineering affinity between cargo and container proteins it has been possible to enable the efficient and specific encapsulation of target molecules. Missing in current approaches is the ability to turn off the interaction after encapsulation to enable the cargo to freely diffuse in the lumen of the container. Separation between cargo and container is desirable in drug delivery applications and in the use of capsids as catalytic nanoparticles. We describe an encapsulation system based on the hepatitis B virus capsid in which an engineered high‐affinity interaction between cargo and capsid proteins can be modulated by Ca2+. Cargo proteins are loaded into capsids in the presence of Ca2+, while ligand removal triggers unbinding inside the container. We observe that confinement leads to hindered rotation of cargo inside the capsid. Application of the designed container for catalysis was also demonstrated by encapsulation of an enzyme with β‐glucosidase activity.
Peripheral Amplification of Multi‐Resonance Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Highly Efficient OLEDs
Authors: Liang Xiao , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Han Hua‐Bo , Wu Zheng‐Guang , Zheng You‐Xuan , Meng Hong , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMulti‐resonance induced by boron and nitrogen atoms in opposite resonance positions endows a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitter with a strikingly small full width at half maximum of only 26 nm and excellent photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 97.48 %. The introduction of a carbazole unit in the para position of the B‐substituted phenyl‐ring can significantly boost up the resonance effect without compromising the color fidelity, subsequently enhancing the performances of the corresponding pure blue TADF‐OLED, with an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 32.1 % and low efficiency roll‐off, making it one of the best TADF‐OLEDs in the blue region to date. Furthermore, utilizing this material as host for a yellow phosphorescent emitter, the device also shows a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage of 3.2 V and an EQEmax of 22.2 %.
Agronomic Performance and Seed Inorganic Phosphorus Stability of Low‐Phytate Soybean Line TN09‐239
Authors: Wiggins Suzannah J. , Smallwood Chris J. , West Dennis R. , Kopsell Dean A. , Sams Carl E. , Pantalone Vincent R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhytate (myoinositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexa‐kisphosphate) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cannot be absorbed by livestock with monogastric digestive systems, and is often excreted in their waste. This can result in agricultural runoff pollution, as well as nutritional deficiencies in poultry (Gallus Gallus domesticus) and swine (Sus domesticus). The enzyme phytase is often applied to break the phytin‐salt bonds and allow for phosphorus (P) absorption, but is an added cost for animal producers. Therefore, we developed a low‐phytate BC4‐derived line TN09‐239 for comparison of agronomic and seed‐quality traits with the high‐yielding recurrent parent, 5601T. In a replicated, multienvironment field test in Tennessee, TN09‐239 was significantly higher for inorganic P (Pi) (P < 0.001), which is inversely correlated with the seed‐phytate concentration, but significantly lower for yield (P < 0.05) in comparison with the recurrent parent. These findings for increased Pi, but reduced yield, for TN09‐239 in comparison with 5601T were confirmed in the 2010 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Uniform Preliminary V Soybean Test grown in 10 southern US environments. 5601T and TN09‐239 differed in Pi stability across southern environments, with linear regression showing 5601T having stability across environments, while TN09‐239 showed variations based on the environments. However, in each environment TN09‐239 displayed nearly a 10‐fold increase in Pi compared to 5601T. Although the low‐phytate trait and much of the recurrent parent genome along with 85–90% of the yield have been captured, further backcrossing could help recover the remaining seed yield of 5601T and other traits desirable for southern US producers.
Addressing the Challenges to Identification in Gas Chromatography by Increased Resolution and Enhanced Detection Modalities
Authors: Marriott Philip J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the past 15+ years, gas chromatography (GC) has undergone a renaissance in its implementation on the basis of the “disruptive” technology of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). With a foundation based upon a two‐column GC separation approach, GC×GC significantly alters the classical multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) method by employing very fast separation on a second dimension (2D) after a conventional one‐dimensional (i.e., single column; 1D) column separation. This allows the experimentalist to apply the advantages of multidimensionality to the total sample rather than to just discrete zones of the 1D separation that characterizes MDGC. This requires a new “language” to describe GC×GC separations, applied to the first dimension (1D) and 2D, and consideration of the modulation processes that define the transfer of analyte from the 1D to the 2D. The present review is based on the FACS Foundation lectureship of the author given at the 17th Asian Chemical Congress of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS). The award lecture and this manuscript is based on material deriving largely from research in the area of MDGC and GC×GC separations of the author.
Self‐Assembly and Stabilization of Hybrid Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Particles under Nearly Physiological Conditions
Authors: Timmermans Suzanne B. P. E. , Vervoort Daan F. M. , Schoonen Lise , Nolte Roeland J. M. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCapsids of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) hold great promise for use as nanocarriers in vivo. A major drawback, however, is the lack of stability of the empty wild‐type virus particles under physiological conditions. Herein, the assembly behavior and stability under nearly physiological conditions of protein‐based block copolymers composed of the CCMV capsid protein and two hydrophobic elastin‐like polypeptides are reported. UV/Vis spectroscopy studies, dynamic light‐scattering analysis, and TEM measurements demonstrate that both hybrid variants form stable capsids at pH 7.5, physiological NaCl concentration, and 37 °C. The more hydrophobic variant also remains stable in a cell culture medium. These engineered, hybrid CCMV capsid particles can therefore be regarded as suitable candidates for in vivo applications.