bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Safety in Oncology Care: Mapping Checking Procedures From Prescription to Administration of Chemotherapy
Authors: Pfeiffer Yvonne , Gut Stephan S. , Schwappach David L.B. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To increase medication safety in oncology, checking procedures are increasingly applied by nurses, physicians, and pharmacists. However, little is known about the number, types, and consistency of implemented checks. The aim of the study was to assess the number and types of different checking procedures that are performed along the lifecycle of a chemotherapy prescription across three hospitals, different care settings, administration routes, and professional groups. Methods: A scheme to evaluate checking procedures and a mapping approach to illustrate the checks along the phases of the medication process were developed. Checking procedures were assessed on the basis of analysis of internal guidelines and interviews with nurses and physicians who work on wards and in ambulatory infusion units of three hospitals. Results: There were considerable differences in number and type of checking procedures among administration routes, professional groups, wards and ambulatory infusion units, and hospitals. During the prescribing phase, the lowest number of checks was performed. In internal guidelines, checking procedures were documented poorly, though the pharmacy process was an exception. Conclusion: In contrast to the pharmacists, nurse and physician clinician checking procedures are less standardized within and across hospitals. The results point to different checking habits for the professional groups; for example, physicians would rather perform plausibility reviews than checks. Our evaluation scheme to categorize checks and the visualized mapping approach was feasible and understandable for practitioners.
Long-term bone remodelling around ‘legendary’ cementless femoral stems
Authors: Rivière Charles , Grappiolo Guido , Engh Charles A. , Vidalain Jean-Pierre , Chen Antonia-F. , Boehler Nicolas , Matta Jihad , Vendittoli Pascal-André 
Published: February 2018

Bone remodelling around a stem is an unavoidable long-term physiological process highly related to implant design. For some predisposed patients, it can lead to periprosthetic bone loss secondary to severe stress-shielding, which is thought to be detrimental by contributing to late loosening, late periprosthetic fracture, and thus rendering revision surgery more complicated. However, these concerns remain theoretical, since late loosening has yet to be documented among bone ingrowth cementless stems demonstrating periprosthetic bone loss associated with stress-shielding. Because none of the stems replicate the physiological load pattern on the proximal femur, each stem design is associated with a specific load pattern leading to specific adaptive periprosthetic bone remodelling. In their daily practice, orthopaedic surgeons need to differentiate physiological long-term bone remodelling patterns from pathological conditions such as loosening, sepsis or osteolysis. To aid in that process, we decided to clarify the behaviour of the five most used femoral stems. In order to provide translational knowledge, we decided to gather the designers’ and experts’ knowledge and experience related to the design rationale and the long-term bone remodelling of the following femoral stems we deemed ‘legendary’ and still commonly used: Corail (Depuy); Taperloc (Biomet); AML (Depuy); Alloclassic (Zimmer); and CLS-Spotorno (Zimmer).Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:45-57. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170024
The Emergence of Effortful Control in Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Robinson Marissa , Klusek Jessica , Poe Michele D. , Hatton Deborah D. , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Effortful control, or the ability to suppress a dominant response to perform a subdominant response, is an early-emerging temperament trait that is linked with positive social-emotional development. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single-gene disorder characterized by hallmark regulatory impairments, suggesting diminished effortful control. This study compared the development of effortful control in preschool boys with FXS (n = 97) and typical development (n = 32). Unlike their typical peers, the boys with FXS did not exhibit growth in effortful control over time, which could not be accounted for by adaptive impairments, FMR1 molecular measures, or autism symptoms. These results contribute to our understanding of the childhood phenotype of FXS that may be linked to the poor social-emotional outcomes seen in this group.
Neuronal Organization in the Inferior Colliculus Revisited with Cell-Type-Dependent Monosynaptic Tracing
Authors: Chen Chenggang , Cheng Mingxiu , Ito Tetsufumi , Song Sen 
Published: February 2018

The inferior colliculus (IC) is a critical integration center in the auditory pathway. However, because the inputs to the IC have typically been studied by the use of conventional anterograde and retrograde tracers, the neuronal organization and cell-type-specific connections in the IC are poorly understood. Here, we used monosynaptic rabies tracing andin situhybridization combined with excitatory and inhibitory Cre transgenic mouse lines of both sexes to characterize the brainwide and cell-type-specific inputs to specific neuron types within the lemniscal IC core and nonlemniscal IC shell. We observed that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the IC shell predominantly received ascending inputs rather than descending or core inputs. Correlation and clustering analyses revealed two groups of excitatory neurons in the shell: one received inputs from a combination of ascending nuclei, and the other received inputs from a combination of descending nuclei, neuromodulatory nuclei, and the contralateral IC. In contrast, inhibitory neurons in the core received inputs from the same combination of all nuclei. After normalizing the extrinsic inputs, we found that core inhibitory neurons received a higher proportion of inhibitory inputs from the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus than excitatory neurons. Furthermore, the inhibitory neurons preferentially received inhibitory inputs from the contralateral IC shell. Because IC inhibitory neurons innervate the thalamus and contralateral IC, the inhibitory inputs we uncovered here suggest two long-range disinhibitory circuits. In summary, we found: (1) dominant ascending inputs to the shell, (2) two subpopulations of shell excitatory neurons, and (3) two disinhibitory circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSound undergoes extensive processing in the brainstem. The inferior colliculus (IC) core is classically viewed as the integration center for ascending auditory information, whereas the IC shell integrates descending feedback information. Here, we demonstrate that ascending inputs predominated in the IC shell but appeared to be separated from the descending inputs. The presence of inhibitory projection neurons is a unique feature of the auditory ascending pathways, but the connections of these neurons are poorly understood. Interestingly, we also found that inhibitory neurons in the IC core and shell preferentially received inhibitory inputs from ascending nuclei and contralateral IC, respectively. Therefore, our results suggest a bipartite domain in the IC shell and disinhibitory circuits in the IC.
Heteromeric KV2/KV8.2 Channels Mediate Delayed Rectifier Potassium Currents in Primate Photoreceptors
Authors: Gayet-Primo Jacqueline , Yaeger Daniel B. , Khanjian Roupen A. , Puthussery Teresa 
Published: February 2018

Silent voltage-gated potassium channel subunits (KVS) interact selectively with members of the KV2 channel family to modify their functional properties. The localization and functional roles of these silent subunits remain poorly understood. Mutations in the KVS subunit, KV8.2 (KCNV2), lead to severe visual impairment in humans, but the basis of these deficits remains unclear. Here, we examined the localization, native interactions, and functional properties of KV8.2-containing channels in mouse, macaque, and human photoreceptors of either sex. In human retina, KV8.2 colocalized with KV2.1 and KV2.2 in cone inner segments and with KV2.1 in rod inner segments. KV2.1 and KV2.2 could be coimmunoprecipitated with KV8.2 in retinal lysates indicating that these subunits likely interact directly. Retinal KV2.1 was less phosphorylated than cortical KV2.1, a difference expected to alter the biophysical properties of these channels. Using voltage-clamp recordings and pharmacology, we provide functional evidence for Kv2-containing channels in primate rods and cones. We propose that the presence of KV8.2, and low levels of KV2.1 phosphorylation shift the activation range of KV2 channels to align with the operating range of rod and cone photoreceptors. Our data indicate a role for KV2/KV8.2 channels in human photoreceptor function and suggest that the visual deficits in patients withKCNV2mutations arise from inadequate resting activation of KVchannels in rod and cone inner segments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations in a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit, KV8.2, underlie a blinding inherited photoreceptor dystrophy, indicating an important role for these channels in human vision. Here, we have defined the localization and subunit interactions of KV8.2 channels in primate photoreceptors. We show that the KV8.2 subunit interacts with different Kv2 channels in rods and cones, giving rise to potassium currents with distinct functional properties. Our results provide a molecular basis for retinal dysfunction in patients with mutations in theKCNV2gene encoding KV8.2.
Differential Synaptic Remodeling by Dopamine in Direct and Indirect Striatal Projection Neurons in Pitx3−/−Mice, a Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Suarez Luz M. , Alberquilla Samuel , García-Montes Jose R. , Moratalla Rosario 
Published: February 2018

In toxin-based models of Parkinson's disease (PD), striatal projection neurons (SPNs) exhibit dendritic atrophy and spine loss concurrent with an increase in excitability. Chronicl-DOPA treatment that induces dyskinesia selectively restores spine density and excitability in indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs), whereas spine loss and hyperexcitability persist in direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs). These alterations have only been characterized in toxin-based models of PD, raising the possibility that they are an artifact of exposure to the toxin, which may engage compensatory mechanisms independent of the PD-like pathology or due to the loss of dopaminergic afferents. To test all these, we studied the synaptic remodeling in Pitx3−/−or aphakia mice, a genetic model of PD, in which most of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra fail to fully differentiate and to innervate the striatum. We made 3D reconstructions of the dendritic arbor and measured excitability in identified SPNs located in dorsal striatum of BAC-Pitx3−/−mice treated with saline orl-DOPA. Both dSPNs and iSPNs from BAC-Pitx3−/−mice had shorter dendritic trees, lower spine density, and more action potentials than their counterparts from WT mice. Chronicl-DOPA treatment restored spine density and firing rate in iSPNs. By contrast, in dSPNs, spine loss and hyperexcitability persisted followingl-DOPA treatment, which is similar to what happens in 6-OHDA WT mice. This indicates that dopamine-mediated synaptic remodeling and plasticity is independent of dopamine innervation during SPN development and that Pitx3−/−mice are a good model because they develop the same pathology described in the toxins-based models and in human postmortem studies of advanced PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAs the only genetic model of Parkinson's disease (PD) that develops dyskinesia, Pitx3−/−mice reproduce the behavioral effects seen in humans and are a good system for studying dopamine-induced synaptic remodeling. The studies we present here establish that the structural and functional synaptic plasticity that occur in striatal projection neurons in PD and inl-DOPA-induced dyskinesia are specifically due to modulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine and are not artifacts of the use of chemical toxins in PD models. In addition, our findings provide evidence that synaptic plasticity in the Pitx3−/−mouse is similar to that seen in toxin models despite its lack of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum during development. Pitx3−/−mice reproduced the alterations described in patients with advanced PD and in well accepted toxin-based models of PD and dyskinesia. These results further consolidate the fidelity of the Pitx3−/−mouse as a PD model in which to study the morphological and physiological remodeling of striatal projection neurons by administration ofl-DOPA and other drugs.
Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Ravanbakht Sophie N. , Skelton Joseph A. , Perrin Eliana M. , Armstrong Sarah C. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To provide updated prevalence data on obesity trends among US children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years from a nationally representative sample.

METHODS:
We used the NHANES for years 1999 to 2016. Weight status was determined by using measured height and weight from the physical examination component of the NHANES to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI. We report the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (class I, class II, and class III) by 2-year NHANES cycles and compared cycles by using adjusted Wald tests and linear trends by using ordinary least squares regression.

RESULTS:
White and Asian American children have significantly lower rates of obesity than African American children, Hispanic children, or children of other races. We report a positive linear trend for all definitions of overweight and obesity among children 2–19 years old, most prominently among adolescents. Children aged 2 to 5 years showed a sharp increase in obesity prevalence from 2015 to 2016 compared with the previous cycle.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite previous reports that obesity in children and adolescents has remained stable or decreased in recent years, we found no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence at any age. In contrast, we report a significant increase in severe obesity among children aged 2 to 5 years since the 2013–2014 cycle, a trend that continued upward for many subgroups.
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part I. Practice Preparation, Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management
Authors: Zuckerbrot Rachel A. , Cheung Amy , Jensen Peter S. , Stein Ruth E.K. , Laraque Danielle ,   GLAD-PC STEERING GROUP, Levitt Anthony , Birmaher Boris , Campo John , Clarke Greg , Emslie Graham , Kaufman Miriam , Kelleher Kelly J. , Kutcher Stanley , Malus Michael , Sacks Diane , Waslick Bruce , Sarvet Barry 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) clinicians in the management of adolescent depression. This part of the updated guidelines is used to address practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management of adolescent depression in PC settings.METHODS:By using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, guidelines were developed by an expert steering committee in 2 phases as informed by (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished) and (2) draft revision and iteration among the steering committee, which included experts, clinicians, and youth and families with lived experience.RESULTS:Guidelines were updated for youth aged 10 to 21 years and correspond to initial phases of adolescent depression management in PC, including the identification of at-risk youth, assessment and diagnosis, and initial management. The strength of each recommendation and its evidence base are summarized. The practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management section of the guidelines include recommendations for (1) the preparation of the PC practice for improved care of adolescents with depression; (2) annual universal screening of youth 12 and over at health maintenance visits; (3) the identification of depression in youth who are at high risk; (4) systematic assessment procedures by using reliable depression scales, patient and caregiver interviews, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria; (5) patient and family psychoeducation; (6) the establishment of relevant links in the community, and (7) the establishment of a safety plan.CONCLUSIONS:This part of the guidelines is intended to assist PC clinicians in the identification and initial management of adolescents with depression in an era of great clinical need and shortage of mental health specialists, but they cannot replace clinical judgment; these guidelines are not meant to be the sole source of guidance for depression management in adolescents. Additional research that addresses the identification and initial management of youth with depression in PC is needed, including empirical testing of these guidelines.
Metric characteristics of the coordination and precision test / Metrijske karakteristike testa koordinacije i preciznosti
Authors: Lorger Marija , Zegnal Koretić Marija , Jenko Miholić Srna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of the paper was to determine metric characteristics of the coordination and precision test named “ball-foot-wall” (Bös, 2001 according to Crnokić, 2011) on a sample of early and pre-school education students. The study sample consisted of 25 students first and second year of the Faculty of teacher education in Petrinja. Next to descriptive statistics, normality of distribution was tested, coefficients of reliability and the average correlation between the particles. Factor structure was checked with component analysis. The results showed satisfactory values of reliability coefficients. The isolated factor “covered up” 72.19% of the total value of the correlation matrix and indicates the existence of a common object of measurement, in this case, motoric skills coordination and precision. Although, the test was intended for use with children, age 6-11, to verify Universal sports school participants’ skills (Bös, 2001 according to Crnokić, 2011) its use with elderly participants showed good metric characteristics and can be used in practice with this age group of students. Given to the small number of participants in the study for further determination of metric characteristics of this test it is recommended significantly larger sample.Key words: motor skills, female students, early and pre-school education---SažetakCilj rada je utvrditi metrijske karakteristike testa koordinacije i preciznosti ,,Lopta – noga – zid“ na uzorku studentica ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Uzorak sudionica u istraživanju činilo je 25 studentica prve i druge godine Učiteljskog fakulteta Odsjeka u Petrinji. Uz deskriptivnu statistiku testiran je normalitet distribucija, izračunati su koeficijenti pouzdanosti i prosječna korelacija među česticama. Faktorska struktura provjerena je komponentnom analizom. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su zadovoljavajuće vrijednosti u koeficijentima pouzdanosti. Izolirani faktor ,,pokriva“ 72,19 % ukupne vrijednosti matrice korelacije čestica te ukazuje na postojanje zajedničkog predmeta mjerenja u ovom slučaju sposobnosti koordinacije i preciznosti. Iako je test namijenjen za korištenje u dobi od 6 do 11 godina za provjeru sposobnosti polaznika Univerzalne sportske škole njegova primjena kod starijih ispitanika pokazala je dobra metrijska svojstva i mogućnost primjene u praksi kod ove skupine studentica. S obzirom na mali broj sudionika u istraživanju preporuča se daljnja provjera njegovih metrijskih karakteristika na osjetno većem uzorku. Ključne riječi: motoričke sposobnosti, studentice, rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje
Video demonstration as way of teaching in education
Authors: Vrbik Ivan , Vrbik Andrea 
Published: February 2018

The advancement of technology and its easy access contributed to the everyday use of different technical aids in all aspects of human society as an essential asset for work. In the area of education, especially within physical exercising, for information transfer and familiarizing with the new task at hand, the most common way of introducing a new task is live demonstration. A video demonstration is especially interesting as a mean of transferring information. Model learning cannot be considered as a simple imitation within specific area of motor behavior, hence it is a process in which a subject observes the model behavior and adjusts it to his/her's performance as a result of an interaction (Horn i Williams, 2004). It is an effective method used for learning simple and complex motor tasks, and observational practice if used with physical performance of the task significantly contributes to the learning of observed skills (Wulf, Shea i Lewthwaite, 2010). An expert video demonstration or direct demonstration is the most common way of giving instructions while learning motor tasks (Doussoulin i Rehbein, 2011). The use and practical application of expert video demonstration was confirmed in other areas as well. Research of video demonstration effectiveness in learning different skills as well as comparison with other ways of learning were conducted in medical students, nurses, in learning social skills in children with development difficulties, students with emotional problems in behavior, in children aged 12 to 18. The main goal of this paper was a review of literature considering video demonstration as a means of information feedback for facilitated learning of certain motor tasks in particular field of kinesiology.
RELATIONS BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS
Authors: Badrić Marko , Ravlić Kristina 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the relation between physical activity and functional capacity at the primary school pupils. Many people are not aware that the health of the most important in human life and associated with the movement. In recent decades, the number of obese people, children and adolescents is is significantly increasing. The modern life style of children and young people are increasingly missing movement and outdoor games, is prevalent sedentary lifestyle (TV, Internet, Play Station ..) adverse effects the development of abilities and skills of children and their health status. The study included 80 students of the third grade of primary school, of which 43 boys (mean age 9.30 ± 0.46 years) and 37 girls (mean age 9.29 ± 0.47 years). The students attended two elementary schools in the city of Petrinja., First Primary School and Elementary School Dragutin Tadijanović. The survey was conducted in the school year 2014/2015. The sample of variables consisted of anthropometric measures of body height, weight, skin fold of the upper arm, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold. The functional abilities were measured test run for 3 minutes - F3, which is used to assess the level of functional ability in primary education in the Republic of Croatia. The level of physical activity was estimated PAQ-C questionnaire. From the results it is evident that of the total sample 60% of them have a normal percentage of body fat, while almost 40% of students with excessive fat in the body. The conclusion of this study indicates a high percentage of students who are overweight. Functional capacity was inversely associated with indicators of obesity, which means that students with high levels of functional capacity have a lower percentage of body fat. School age is the best time to stimulate and positive impact on the growth and development of children and the missed possibilities to that age cannot be recovered in later stages of life. Keywords: aerobic capacity, functional ability, obesity, students, school