bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning Urban Anthropology: A Road Map for a History of Ideas
Authors: Kaltenbacher Wolfgang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractsAnthropological research in urban contexts reflects the fundamental mutations in social sciences. The boundaries between the traditional academic disciplines have become blurred. New clusters of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research emerge. These changes involve risks and chances. Philosophy of science insists on clear concepts and terminologies. Does it make sense to use the term ‘urban anthropology’? If new disciplines or sub-disciplines arise, they should have distinct shapes, and the nomenclature should reflect their scientific profile. Starting from a diachronic comparative analysis of anthropological theories and methodologies this article proposes a road map for heuristic and epistemological investigations of anthropological research in an increasingly urbanized world.
Complication Rates and Short-Term Outcomes After Operative Hammertoe Correction in Older Patients
Authors: Mueller Claire Mackenzie , Boden Stephanie Ann , Boden Allison Lee , Maidman Samuel David , Cutler Anya , Mignemi Danielle , Bariteau Jason 
Published: February 2018

Background: Hammertoe deformities are the most common lesser toe deformity. To date, no studies have looked at outcomes of operative management in the geriatric population, which may be at greater risk for complications or functional compromise because of comorbidities. Methods: Data on 58 patients undergoing operative correction of hammertoe deformities were prospectively collected. Clinical outcomes were assessed using preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores with a minimum of 6-month follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of age at the time of surgery: younger than 65 and 65 and older. Complication rates and mean VAS and SF-36 improvement were compared. Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria (7 men, 40 women), with 26 patients (37 toes) in the younger cohort and 21 patients (39 toes) in the older cohort. Results: Overall, patients demonstrated significant improvement from baseline to 6 and 12 months postoperatively in VAS ( P < .001 and P < .001) and SF-36 ( P < .001 and P < .001) scores. Mean improvement in VAS and SF-36 scores was not significantly different between the groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Complications occurred in 13.5% and 10.3% of patients in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: Outcomes of operative correction of hammertoe deformities in older patients were similar to outcomes in younger patients after greater than 6 months of follow-up. Overall improvement in VAS and SF-36 was statistically significant for both cohorts. There was no associated increase in complications for older patients. Level of Evidence: Level, III comparative series.
Changes in liability claims, costs, and resolution times following the introduction of a communication-and-resolution program in Tennessee
Authors: LeCraw Florence R , Montanera Daniel , Jackson Joy P , Keys Janice C , Hetzler Dale C , Mroz Thomas A 
Published: February 2018

Objective To investigate whether a malpractice reform known as collaborative communication resolution program can improve transparency after an adverse outcome without resulting in higher malpractice liability costs, relative to traditional “deny and defend” approaches. Methods Collaborative communication resolution program started at Erlanger Health System in January 2009. We compare liability outcomes before and after collaborative communication resolution program implementation. Annual liability measures evaluated were the number of filed claims, time interval to resolve an event, defense costs, settlement costs, and total liability costs. We describe the process through which events were resolved under collaborative communication resolution program. Results One percent of adverse events when there was no medical error received compensation under collaborative communication resolution program; no medical error occurred in 65% of adverse events; 43% of events with injury from medical error were resolved with apology alone. Compared to pre-implementation levels, there was a decrease in the average number of new claims filed (CF) (1.07 to .36, p=.004), defense costs ($41,950 to $20,623 p=.004), settlement costs ($19,480 to $14,228 p=.510), and total liability costs ($61,430 to $34,851, p=.022) under collaborative communication resolution program all measured per 1000 hospital admissions. The median time interval to resolve a claim decreased from 17 months to 8 months, a reduction of 53% ( p<.001). Conclusion Collaborative communication resolution program implemented at Erlanger had a reduced time interval to resolve events and lower defense and total liability costs. The improved liability outcomes and the total of 43% of events with medical error resolved by apology alone, even though 60% of these patients had legal representation, may encourage physicians to support CRP.
Activation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 by ACEA suppresses senescence in human primary chondrocytes through sirt1 activation
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Zhang Gang , Li Zongyu , Li Bingsheng 
Published: February 2018

Senescence of chondrocytes and cartilage degeneration induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β is associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The cannabinoid receptor 1 has been involved in the pathological development of various diseases. Here, we evaluated whether activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 using its selective agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide had an influence on cellular senescence induced by interleukin-1βin human chondrocytes. Our findings demonstrate that agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamidedecreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase induced by interleukin-1β. Importantly, our results display interleukin-1βtreatment significantly increased the expressions of senescence genes (caveolin-1, PAI-1 and p21), which were prevented by agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide treatment. However, it was noticed that these functions of agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide were abolished by the cannabinoid receptor 1 selective antagonist AM251, suggesting the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1. Also, our results indicate that agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide enhanced the expression of sirt1. These findings suggest that activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 by agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide might have a protective effect against pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β-induced chondrocytes senescence in osteoarthritis patients. Impact statement Senescence of chondrocytes and cartilage degeneration induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Here we found that: (a) the CB1 agonist ACEA abolished IL-1β-induced senescence and cell arrest in chondrocytes; (b) the CB1 agonist ACEA also abolished IL-1β-induced expression of caveolin-1, PAI-1, and p21; (c) ACEA regulated the expression of sirt1; (d) the inhibitory effects of ACEA on senescence were mediated by sirt1.
Age‐related differences in foot mobility in individuals with patellofemoral pain
Authors: Tan Jade M. , Crossley Kay M. , Vicenzino Bill , Menz Hylton B. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Collins Natalie J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes in midfoot mobility have the potential to influence success with foot orthoses intervention in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP). The aim of this study was to determine whether older people with PFP demonstrate less foot mobility than younger adults with PFP.MethodsOne hundred ninety four participants (113 (58%) women, age 32 ± 7 years, BMI 25 ± 4.9 kg/m2) with PFP (≥ 6 weeks duration) were included, with foot mobility quantified using reliable and valid methods. K‐means cluster analysis classified participants into three homogenous groups based on age. After cluster formation, univariate analyses of co‐variance (covariates: sex, weight) were used to compare midfoot height mobility, midfoot width mobility, and foot mobility magnitude between age groups (significance level 0.05).ResultsCluster analysis revealed three distinct age groups: 18–29 years (n = 70); 30–39 years (n = 101); and 40–50 years (n = 23). There was a significant main effect for age for midfoot height mobility (p < 0.001) and foot mobility magnitude (p = 0.006). Post‐hoc analyses revealed that midfoot height mobility differed across all three groups (moderate to large effect sizes), and that foot mobility magnitude was significantly less in those aged 40–50 years compared to those aged 18–25 years (moderate effect size). There were no significant main effects for age for midfoot width mobility (p > 0.05).ConclusionIndividuals with PFP aged 40–50 years have less foot mobility than younger adults with PFP. These findings may have implications for evaluation and treatment of older individuals with PFP.
Recent advances in hyaluronic acid based therapy for osteoarthritis
Authors: Bowman Steven , Awad Mohamed E. , Hamrick Mark W. , Hunter Monte , Fulzele Sadanand 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a debilitating disease that has increased in prevalence across the world due to the aging population. Currently, physicians use a plethora of treatment strategies to try and slow down the progression of the disease, but none have been shown to ubiquitously treat and cure the disease. One of the strategies uses the high molecular weight molecule hyaluronic acid as either an injectable or oral supplement for treatment. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a relatively new treatment that has shown varied results through several clinical trials. It can be used as a scaffold for engineering new treatments and several new preparations have just been added to the market. A comprehensive search was conducted through several search databases according our inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review included 44 prospective clinical trial investigating the feasibility and efficacy of HA injection for knee, hip, and ankle osteoarthritis. This review will take a closer look at hyaluronic acid and its properties, as well clinical effectiveness and future options.
ЖЕНСКИЙ ГОЛОВНОЙ УБОР «ЧУХТА» И ЕГО РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ У АВАРЦЕВ
Authors: Musaeva Maysarat Kamilovna , Gimbatova Madina Bagavutdinovna 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена одному из самых некогда распространенных, а в настоящее время практически исчезнувшему, виду женского головного убора в Дагестане – чухте. Авторы ставят целью описать разновидности чухты у аварцев и народов аварской группы.Метод или методология проведения работы. В основе исследования лежит историко-сравнительный метод, метод включенного наблюдения, а также принцип историко-культурной реконструкции.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы зафиксировали один из важных этнознаковых элементов материальной культуры – женский головной убор – «чухта». Чухта, в различных ее модификациях, всегда считалась наиболее информативным элементом костюмного комплекса аварок. На основе описаний дореволюционных исследователей и полевого этнографического материала, собранного авторами в различные годы в горной Аварии, выделяются несколько видов чухты (по форме, по виду, по способу ношения, по декоративным элементам, цвету и качеству ткани), по которым можно было определить какое общество представляет женщина, ее социальный статус, материальное положение и возраст. Чухта и детали ее декора являлись предметом гордости каждой горянки, сорвать ее с головы, было равносильно оскорблению.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены работниками образования и культуры, а также использованы в региональном контенте для экспозиции «Национальный костюм» в музее традиционной культуры и мультимедийном историческом парке «Россия – моя история».
СРАВНЕНИЯ С ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫМ КОМПОНЕНТОМ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ А. АБУ-БАКАРА
Authors: Aliyomarova Gumai Isaevna , Semilyak Valentina Ivanovna , Magomedova Leyla Abdulkhakimovna 
Published: February 2018

В статье анализируются сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом в произведениях известного дагестанского писателя А. Абу-Бакара как один из способов создания художественных образов и выявления национального мировидения автора.Цель статьи – на основе анализа произведений данного автора выявить роль сравнений с этнокультурным компонентом как важной составляющей идиостиля писателя.В рамках данного исследования авторами был использован описательно-аналитический метод, предусматривающий непосредственное наблюдение анализируемых языковых фактов с последующим обобщением полученных результатов.На основе проведенного исследования авторами выявлено, что сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом в произведениях А. Абу-Бакара служат ярким оценочно-характеристическим средством в портретном описании персонажей; конкретизируют эмоционально-психологическое состояние героев; выполняют описательно-изобразительную функцию в пейзажных зарисовках.Сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом являются одной из особенностей идиостиля А. Абу-Бакара.Область применения результатов: Методика анализа и полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы при изучении роли сравнений с этнокультурным компонентом в идиостилях других художников слова, в практике преподавания лингвистического анализа текста, стилистики русского языка, спецкурсов и спецсеминаров.
The Use of Radiographic Method of Investigation in the Preoperative Planning of Patients with Venogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Кызласов П. , Kyzlasov P. , Удалов Ю. , Udalov Yu. , Мартов А. , Martov A. , Башков А. , Bashkov A. , Кажера А. , Kazhera A. , Гринь Е. , Grin' E. , Орлов И. , Orlov I. , Касымов Б. , Kasymov B. , Забелин М. , Zabelin M. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of dynamic computer cavernosography at the stage of preoperative examination of patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction (ED).
Material and methods: 92 patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction were operated. Patients were divided into two groups depending on preoperative planning. Patients in group 1, pharma doppler sonography of the penis was used for preoperative planning. In group 2 – pharma doppler sonography of the penis and dynamic computer cavernosography were used. Resection of the deep dorsal vein of the penis was undergone in patients with proven distal type of shunt. A survey of patients was carried out before surgery and 12 months after surgical treatment according to the validated international rating scales of the erectile function.
Results: After preoperative planning and surgical treatment scores of erectile function in both groups changed. In both groups the proportion of patients with a severe degree of ED significantly decreased. The level of assessment of the quality of erection in group 1 remained almost the same, but 26 % of patients recorded a maximum score of 4. In group 2 the majority of patients (56 %) described their condition with a maximum score of 4 points. The assessment of quality of life using a scale of “QOL” after surgical treatment was described by patients in the following way: “excellent”: in group 1 and 3 %, in group 2 and 7 %; “good”: in group 1 – 34 %, group 2 – 63 %; “satisfactory”: 3 % in both groups; “poor”: in group 1 – 50 %, group 2 – 15 %. These data confirm that resection of the deep dorsal vein of the penis statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) improves the quality of life of patients with vein-occlusive mechanism of erectile dysfunction. However, in group 2 due to the proposed preoperative planning and pathophysiologically due to the definition of specific indications for surgical intervention we achieved the best estimates of quality of life (p = 0.0108).
Conclusion: Preoperative planning based on the application of dynamic computer cavernosography, provides a statistically significant (p = 0.0061) improvement of the results of resection of the deep dorsal vein of the penis in patients with vein-occlusive mechanism of ED.
Platinum Metal Complexes of Carbaboranylphophines: Potential Anti Cancer Agents
Authors: Maulana Ilham Maulana Ilham , Loennecke Peter Loennecke Peter , Hawkins Evamarie Hey-Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: February 2018

Polyhedral heteroboranes in particular dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes(12) and their organic derivatives have been the subject of intense research for over 40 years due to their unique chemical and physical properties. The initial attraction to dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes(12) In the medicinal chemistry research, was a result of their high boron content and stability to catabolism, which are important criteria for cancer therapy, such as BNCT (boron neutron capture therapy) agents. The coordination compounds of the platinum group metals have also received large interest for their potential application as chemotherapeutic agents, since cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin, has been reported to have capability as tumor inhibitor. Hence, applications can be envisioned for related cis platinum complexes. Complex of cis-rac-[PtCl2{1,2-(PRCl)2C2B10H10}] (R=Ph, tBu, NEt2, NPh2) have been synthesized by employing known carbaborane based phosphine ligands of clorophoshino-closo-dodecaborane , with complex of cis-[PtCl2(COD)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in an N2-atmosphere. The obtained complexes possess expected structure configuration, namely cis-rac. The characterization of the complex has been carried out using 1H, 31P, 13C and 11B-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), X-ray of single crystals, elemental analysis, IR (infra red) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The 31P{1H} NMR spectra of all the platinum complexes distinctly show the typical platinum satellites which are attributed to 31P-195Pt-coupling, in which the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum exhibits three lines with an intensity ratio of ca.1:4:1. The structure of the platinum complexes consists of a slightly distorted square-planar coordination sphere, in which the platinum atom is bonded to two chlorides and two phosphorus atoms of the chelating carbaboranylphosphine. Thus the platinum atoms exhibit the coordination number four, which is preferred in platinum(II) complexes.Keywords: Platinum complexes, phosphine ligand, carbaborane
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of The Extract of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L) in The Rat (Rattus norvegicus L)
Authors: Weni Linda , Harliansyah Harliansyah , Widayanti Widayanti 
Published: February 2018

Using of natural sources that have anti-inflammatory activity for the prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases began to be further explored. An investigation on the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) from Sawangan, Depok on white male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain had been carried out on the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. To examine the effect of guava extract on subcutan at different doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW). Indometacine at dose of 10 mg/kg BW was used as a positive control. Observations were made during five hours with an interval of one hour. These results demonstrate that the percentage of inflammation or edema (% E) optimal at the 4th hour and then decreased at the 5th hour, while the percentage of optimal inhibition occurred at the 5th hour. Guava extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg BW reduced inhibitory percentage activities by 40.81, 55.45 and 43.61% (p< 0.05) respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that guava extract has anti-inflammatory properties by decreasing edema level.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, guava leaves, edema.
Ficus septica Burm. F. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]Nthracene-Induced Rat Liver Cancer Quatitavely
Authors: Septhea Dita Brenna , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Darma Andita Pra , Nurzijah Ika , Nugroho Agung Endro , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: February 2018

The chemopreventive effect of Ficus septica Burm. f. leaves ethanolic extract (FLEE) was studied in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene(DMBA)-induced rat liver cancer. Rats were divided into 5 group, 5 rats (5 wk of age Sprague Dawley rat) in each group. Group 1 was control diet group, administered with 0,5% CMC-Na as vehicle. FLEE was administered 750 mg/kgBW and 1500 mg/kgBW starting 4 wk until 5 wk after DMBA administration at the first until fifth wk to group 2 and group 3. Group 4 was control extract group, administered with 750 mg/kgBW and group 5 was DMBA group. DMBA is a carcinogen to induce liver cancer was also administered in DMBA control group and all animals were necropsied at 6 wk after DMBA administration. Activity of inducing apoptosis was detected using Double Staining method in 750 mg/kgBW FLEE group compared to control group but no in 1500 mg/kgBW FLEE group resulted in 100% dead. Apoptotic cells would have orange flourescence but normal cells would have green flourescence detected by flourescence microscope. To investigate the protein that involved in apoptotic mechanism, we studied p53 expression using Imunohistochemistry (IHC). There was no difference expression of p53 in both tested and control groups. Based on the results, FLEE has a potency as chemoprentive agent because its activity on inducing apoptosis in liver cancer with p53-independent pathway. The mechanism of apoptosis induction of this extract needs to be explored by observing the expression of related proteins.Keywords: apoptosis, Ficus septica, liver cancer, p53 independent pathway
Total Phenolic Content of Ethanol Extract of Artrocarpus camansi Leave and its Effect to Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Level in Mice
Authors: Asrin Hendri , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Marianne Marianne 
Published: February 2018

A free radical is one of the triggers of degenerative diseases that become the biggest cause of death. Excessive production of free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidant. Antioxidants can be generated from within the body (intracellular). One of them by the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase). However, when the production of free radicals exceeds the ability of intracellular antioxidants to neutralize it, antioxidants from outside (extracellular) is necessary. The ethanol extract of Artocarpus camansi leaves (EEACL) contains phenolic compounds which has very strong antioxidant activity based on in vitro study using the DPPH method, but the in vivo study about the total phenolic content effect of its leaves toward antioxidant activity has not been done. 25 mice were divided into 5 groups consisting of control group, a group was induced by stress and three groups were induced by stress, but given EEACL with each dose of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw and 150 mg/kg bw. Inducing stress in the form of psychological stress was carried out for 7 days and continued with the EEACL administration for 7 days. The mice were dissected and the livers were isolated, then the liver morphological was examined using Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE) staining method and SOD level was examined with immunohistochemical staining method. The data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA and Duncan test using SPSS program version 19.0. Total phenolic content of EEACL is 235.03 ± 4.306 mg GAE/ g of sample. The average SOD levels in the control group is 94.05 %, stressed group is 55.94 %, stress with EEACL dose 50 mg/kg bw group is 58.40 %, stress with EEACL dose 100 mg/kg bw group is 79.68 %, stress with EEACL dose 150 mg/kg bw group is 80.90 %. Based on statistical result, SOD level increased along with the increase of EEACL dose, but not significantly (p < 0,05). Total phenolic content of EEACL has an influence to SOD levels. SOD level increased along with the increase of EEACL administration dose. The higher dose of EEACL leading to higher levels of SOD in the mouse liver.Keywords : total phenolic content, superoxide dismutase, antioxidant, Artocarpus camansi