bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge and Discharge Reactions of a Lead Fluoride Electrode in a Liquid‐Based Electrolyte for Fluoride Shuttle Batteries:‐The Role of Triphenylborane as an Anion Acceptor‐
Authors: Konishi Hiroaki , Minato Taketoshi , Abe Takeshi , Ogumi Zempachi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLead fluoride (PbF2) is a promising electrode material for fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity (219 mAh g–1). In this study, the discharge and charge capacities of a PbF2 electrode were measured using a bis[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl] ether containing cesium fluoride and triphenylborane as an electrolyte. A high specific capacity was maintained during both the discharge and charge processes in the first cycle, but the capacity decreased from the first charge process to the following discharge process. To clarify the electrochemical reaction mechanism, the dissolution and change in the electronic state of Pb at the PbF2 electrode during the discharge and charge processes were evaluated via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results obtained from AAS and XPS indicated that Pb was formed during the discharge process. Conversely, the formation of PbF2 and dissolution of Pb coexisted within the wide range of charge process. The PbF2 could react in the following cycle, but the dissolved Pb was unable to contribute to the following discharge/charge reaction. Therefore, after the initial charge process, the capacity decreased.
Effects of Minerals in Anthracite on the Formation of Coal‐Based Graphene
Authors: Lan Chunyuan , Tang Yuegang , Huan Xuan , Che Qili 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe minerals in raw anthracite significantly limit the preparation of coal‐based graphene. Raw and demineralized anthracites were graphitized and coal‐based graphene was prepared by improved Hummers’ oxidation‐reduction method. The morphologies, crystal structures and spectroscopic characteristics of the products in various stages were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that demineralized or not, anthracite can be used to prepare graphene, but the minerals in anthracite physically inhibit the directional development of graphene sheets. And the residual high temperature conversion products of the minerals embedded between graphene sheets will lead to multiple irregular pore defects on the surface of graphene, which will have strongly unfavorable effects on the properties of coal‐based graphene materials. Demineralization of raw anthracite can reduce the defective pores and oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of coal‐based graphene and improves its morphology and properties.
Calixarene Based Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines and Bis‐pyridines
Authors: Alishahi Nasrin , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Moghadam Majid , Kia Reza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, a calixarene based ionic liquid was successfully prepared and characterized by different techniques. This ionic liquid was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of a series of polysubstituted pyridines from aldehydes, malononitrile, 1,3‐diketones and arylamines in water as a green solvent. Also, for the first time, symmetric and unsymmetric polysubstituted bis‐pyridines were obtained in high yields from diamines using this catalyst. Mild reaction conditions, high to excellent yields, easy work‐up, excellent activity and reusability of the catalyst are the key features of this method which make it an interesting and novel alternative for the synthesis of the above mentioned important heterocyclic compounds.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties Comparison of Fe3N Doped with Ni, Mn and Co
Authors: Lei Xiang , Pan Xin , Ye Zhantong , Yang Xuwei , Chen Xiaodong , Shi Zhan , Yang Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree different transition metal elements doped Fe3N were prepared by a simple path. Their structure, morphology, and magnetic properties were carefully investigated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy as well as vibrating sample magnetometer. Moreover, we detailedly compared and analyzed the impact of different transition metal elements on the properties of Fe3N. Combining with the results of analysis and comparison, it indicates that this simple method can be used to explore the impact on the transition metal nitride incorporated with different transition metal elements in the carbon‐rich system.
Interaction of highly charged ions with carbon‐based materials using Kobe EBIS
Authors: Nishida Naofumi , Hori Yuki , Yamauchi Akane , Fujiwara Hazuki , Sakurai Makoto , Fujiwara Yuya , Honda Shin‐ichi , Fujii Shunjiro , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Kato Daiji , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Ishibashi Koji , Terui Toshifumi , Lee Kuei‐Yi 
Published: May 2019

Interaction of highly charged ions (HCIs) with surfaces produce various specific phenomena as a consequence of the potential energy that HCI possesses. In the present study, we have observed photon emission, structural, magnetic, and electronic modification on various carbon‐based materials such as carbon nanotube by the impact of HCIs using an electron beam ion source named Kobe EBIS installed at the Kobe University. In order to study the potential effect, HCIs of Arq+ (q = 6–16) with the intensity of 0.1–1 nA are projected on the surface with a constant kinetic energy (16 keV). For photon emission measurements, we observed spatial and spectral distribution of visible light emission from the surface during irradiation with HCIs. On the other hand, the structural modification of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) irradiated with HCIs has been analyzed using a transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Irradiation effects on the resistivity of single MWCNT supported on micrometer scale bridge pattern were also measured. We have also measured magnetic structure of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite irradiated with HCIs using electron spin resonance at low temperature. At the present paper, we will review our recent experimental results on the interaction of HCI with various carbon‐based materials.
Autoionization in the evolution process of dense Rb Rydberg atoms in nP states
Authors: Li Y. F. , Zhao D. M. , Ma X. , Yang J. 
Published: May 2019

The autoionization mechanisms of dense nP3/2 (n = 20–97) Rydberg gases of 87Rb atoms in the spontaneous evolution were investigated for the first time. By observing the characteristic time of the electrons generated through autoionization process, the dependence of autoionization mechanisms (black‐body radiation, electron–Rydberg collision, and Penning ionization) on the principal quantum number n of initial nP states was demonstrated. The dependence on the number n in nP Rydberg atoms is similar to those in nD Rydberg atoms.
Six simple guidelines for introducing new genera of fungi
Authors: Vellinga Else C. , Kuyper Thomas W. , Ammirati Joe , Desjardin Dennis E. , Halling Roy E. , Justo Alfredo , Læssøe Thomas , Lebel Teresa , Lodge D. Jean , Matheny P. Brandon , Methven Andrew S. , Moreau Pierre-Arthur , Mueller Gregory M. , Noordeloos Machiel E. , Nuytinck Jorinde , Ovrebo Clark L. , Verbeken Annemieke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe formulate five guidelines for introducing new genera, plus one recommendation how to publish the results of scientific research. We recommend that reviewers and editors adhere to these guidelines. We propose that the underlying research is solid, and that the results and the final solutions are properly discussed. The six criteria are: (1) all genera that are recognized should be monophyletic; (2) the coverage of the phylogenetic tree should be wide in number of species, geographic coverage, and type species of the genera under study; (3) the branching of the phylogenetic trees has to have sufficient statistical support; (4) different options for the translation of the phylogenetic tree into a formal classification should be discussed and the final decision justified; (5) the phylogenetic evidence should be based on more than one gene; and (6) all supporting evidence and background information should be included in the publication in which the new taxa are proposed, and this publication should be peer-reviewed.
Pelvic angiography is effective for emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fractures: a propensity-score-matching study with a nationwide trauma registry in Japan
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Hirose Tomoya , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Matsuyama Tasuku , Takahashi Hiroki , Kiyohara Kosuke , Sado Junya , Adachi Shingo , Noda Tomohiro , Izawa Junichi , Nakagawa Yuko , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the implementation of pelvic angiography (PA) and outcome in emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fracture.

Methods
We extracted data on pelvic fracture patients aged ≤ 19 years between 2004 and 2015 from a nationwide trauma registry in Japan. The main outcome was hospital mortality. We assessed the relationship between implementation of PA and hospital mortality using one-to-one propensity-score-matching analysis to reduce potential confounding effects in comparing the PA group with the non-PA group.

Results
In total, 1351 patients were eligible for our analysis, with 221 patients (16.4%) included in the PA group and 1130 patients (83.6%) included in the non-PA group. For all patients, the proportion of hospital mortality was higher in the PA group than in the non-PA group [13.6% (30/221) vs 7.1% (80/1130), crude odds ratio (OR) 2.062 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.318–3.224); p = 0.002]. In the propensity-score-matched patients, the proportion of hospital mortality was lower in the PA group than in the non-PA group [10.5% (22/200) vs 18.2% (38/200), p = 0.027]. This finding was confirmed in both the multivariable logistic regression model [adjusted OR 0.392 (95% CI, 0.171–0.896); p = 0.026] and the conditional logistic regression model [conditional OR 0.484 (95% CI, 0.261–0.896); p = 0.021].

Conclusion
The implementation of PA was significantly associated with lower hospital mortality among emergency pediatric patients with pelvic fractures compared with the non-implementation of PA.
A Brief History of Protein Sorting Prediction
Authors: Nielsen Henrik , Tsirigos Konstantinos D. , Brunak Søren , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ever since the signal hypothesis was proposed in 1971, the exact nature of signal peptides has been a focus point of research. The prediction of signal peptides and protein subcellular location from amino acid sequences has been an important problem in bioinformatics since the dawn of this research field, involving many statistical and machine learning technologies. In this review, we provide a historical account of how position-weight matrices, artificial neural networks, hidden Markov models, support vector machines and, lately, deep learning techniques have been used in the attempts to predict where proteins go. Because the secretory pathway was the first one to be studied both experimentally and through bioinformatics, our main focus is on the historical development of prediction methods for signal peptides that target proteins for secretion; prediction methods to identify targeting signals for other cellular compartments are treated in less detail.
Agilität, Ambidextrie und organisationale Veränderungskompetenz. Rudi Wimmer über Erbe und Zukunft des Change Managements
Authors: Wimmer Rudi , von Ameln Falko 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudi Wimmer ist Professor für Führung und Organisation am Institut für Familienunternehmen der Universität Witten/Herdecke. Von 2013 bis 2016 Vizepräsident dieser Universität. Gründer und Partner der osb international AG. Mitglied in Aufsichtsräten unterschiedlicher familiengeführter Unternehmen. Wimmer ist einer der Vordenker der systemischen Organisationsberatung und hat zu diesem Thema zahlreiche Publikationen veröffentlicht.
A review of binder jet process parameters; powder, binder, printing and sintering condition
Authors: Dini Fahimeh , Ghaffari Seyed Amir , Jafar Javadpour , Hamidreza Rezaie , Marjan Shiri 
Published: May 2019

Binder jetting is a subset of additive manufacturing and is a suitable technique for the construction of metallic, ceramic and polymeric composite materials. In this rapid prototyping method, a binder is selectively deposited onto the powder bed, bonding these areas together to form a solid part one layer at a time usually based on a CAD model. Selection of appropriate parameters in order to obtain the final product with desired quality and proper construction time is a challenge, which is due to high influences of binder jetting process parameters on the quality of fabricated objects. Powder characteristics such as particle packing, green strength, particle size distribution, and also wettability and flow ability of powder, as well as binder characteristics and device parameters are effective factors on the binder jetting process. In this 3D printing technique, there are possible defects that are divided to two groups of before and after sintering defects that should be controlled to achieve a printed part with minimum deviation from the designed model.
Characterization of a high molecular weight protective antigen ofPlasmodium yoelli
Authors: Holder A. A. , Freeman R. R. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYA 230000 molecular weightPlasmodium yoeliiprotective antigen was characterized. Two monoclonal antibodies againstP. yoeliiimmunoprecipitated the 230000 mol. wt protein and a number of lower molecular weight polypeptides. These polypeptides were shown by peptide mapping and specific antibody binding to be fragments of the large protein. Iodination experiments suggested that the lower molecular weight species may be present on the surface of the merozoite. The protein was found not to be glycosylated. By serology, related antigens were shown to be associated with blood-stage schizonts ofP. vinckeisubspp.,P. chabaudisubspp. andP. falciparum.
The migration and survival of gamma-irradiatedSchistosoma mansonilarvae and the duration of host—parasite contact in relation to the induction of resistance in mice
Authors: Mangold Beverly L. , Dean D. A. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYThe migration in mice of 20, 50 and 90 krad.60Co-irradiatedSchistosoma mansonilarvae, biosynthetically radio-isotope labelled with [75Se]-selenomethionine, was evaluated by autoradiography of compressed tissues and compared to the migration of non-irradiated75Se-labelled larvae. The migration of 20 krad. -irradiated schistosomula between skin and lungs was slightly delayed but otherwise paralleled the migration of normal, non-irradiated schistosomula during the first 8 days following exposure. By day 8 over 90% of both non-irradiated and 20 krad. -irradiated organises were located in the lungs. In contrast to non-irradiated organisms, however, only a small proportion of 20 krad. organisms migrated to the liver. The delay in migration between skin and lungs was more pronounced with 50 krad. -irradiated schistosomula. Nevertheless, 45–93% of 50 krad. -irradiated organisms migrated to the lungs by 8 days post-exposure. Over 90% of the 50 krad. larvae detected in the mouse on day 21 were in the lungs; no more than an occasional 50 krad.-irradiated organism was ever detected in the liver. In three experiments, over 85% of the 90 krad. -irradiated organisms were retained in the skin; in a fourth experiment about half of the 90 krad. -irradiated organisms migrated as far as the lungs. As with 50 krad. organisms, only an occasional 90 krad. organism was ever detected in the liver. Removal of the skin exposure site within the first 4 days of immunization with either 50 or 90 krad. -irradiated cercariae completely blocked the induction of resistance. Removal between the 4th and 6th days gave variable results. Mice had to be in contact with the irradiated larvae for a minimum of 8–11 days to stimulate a level of resistance comparable to that of mice whose immunization site was not removed.
Hymenolepis diminuta: protein synthesis in cysticercoids
Authors: Jeffs S. A. , Arme C. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYIncorporation of four amino acids into protein by stage V cysticercoids of Hymenolepis diminuta occurred in the order leucine > phenylalanine > alanine > proline. Leucine incorporation was apparently linear over a 5 h period in contrast to uptake which was non-linear over the same time. Pre-incubation in sugars did not affect protein synthesis but incorporation was inhibited by cycloheximide. Uptake and incorporation of leucine by stage III cysticercoids exceeded that of stage V metacestodes and the 10-day-old adult worm.
The connections between art and science in Antarctica: Activating Science*Art
Authors: Stevens Craig , O’Connor Gabby , Robinson Natalie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArt may be made as a guide to understanding sense of place, and also as a pathway to understanding and valuing scientific ideas. Here we consider this connection in the context of a selected history of artists working in Antarctica, from early explorers to the modern era. This provides a parallel trajectory for the nature, realisation and purpose of the art. We then consider the interaction between art and science and the nature of interdisciplinary work by looking at work produced in a sea ice-based science field camp by an artist collecting data – both scientific and art focused. The artist participated in two field campaigns a year apart, allowing comparison of the evolution of both the artistic practice and the science data collection. Furthermore, the collection of data that served both needs provides a unique point of connection between two fields of endeavour, which are typically considered as separate.
Observed psychopathology in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Sandstrom A. , MacKenzie L. , Pizzo A. , Fine A. , Rempel S. , Howard C. , Stephens M. , Patterson V. C. , Drobinin V. , Van Gestel H. , Howes Vallis E. , Zwicker A. , Propper L. , Abidi S. , Bagnell A. , Lovas D. , Cumby J. , Alda M. , Uher R. , Pavlova B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren of parents with mood and psychotic disorders are at elevated risk for a range of behavioral and emotional problems. However, as the usual reporter of psychopathology in children is the parent, reports of early problems in children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders may be biased by the parents' own experience of mental illness and their mental state.MethodsIndependent observers rated psychopathology using the Test Observation Form in 378 children and youth between the ages of 4 and 24 (mean = 11.01,s.d. = 4.40) who had a parent with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no history of mood and psychotic disorders.ResultsObserved attentional problems were elevated in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (effect sizes ranging between 0.31 and 0.56). Oppositional behavior and language/thought problems showed variable degrees of elevation (effect sizes 0.17 to 0.57) across the three high-risk groups, with the greatest difficulties observed in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Observed anxiety was increased in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (effect sizes 0.19 and 0.25 respectively) but not in offspring of parents with schizophrenia.ConclusionsOur results suggest that externalizing problems and cognitive and language difficulties may represent a general manifestation of familial risk for mood and psychotic disorders, while anxiety may be a specific marker of liability for mood disorders. Observer assessment may improve early identification of risk and selection of youth who may benefit from targeted prevention.
LA SCELTA DEI PAESI NELLA COMPARAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE: CINQUE STRATEGIE
Authors: Dogan Mattei , Pelassy Dominique 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQualsiasi studioso di politica comparata deve prendere tre decisioni: formulare i concetti che ritiene operazionalizzabili; scegliere il metodo specifico di analisi; determinare, infine, il campo che deve essere abbracciato dalla comparazione. Ovviamente ciascuna di tali scelte influenza l'altra. Non si possono comparare, ad esempio, paesi relativamente simili ovvero paesi molto diversi adottando lo stesso livello di astrazione oppure usando lo stesso tipo di dati statistici.
DOPPIO TURNO E «DEMOCRAZIE DIFFICILI»
Authors: Fisichella Domenico 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzionePer l'ampiezza dell'arco storico abbracciato, che arriva fino ai nostri giorni, l'esperienza piò rilevante di doppio turno è quella compiuta dalla Francia, la quale ha fruito di tale sistema elettorale durante il Secondo Impero, poi dal 1873 al 1936 (salvo le elezioni del 1919 e del 1924 che si tengono con un sistema misto il quale tenta di conciliare scrutinio di lista e formula maggioritaria assoluta), e ne fruisce attualmente, avendolo la Quinta Repubblica riadottato a partire dalle elezioni per l'assemblea nazionale del 23–30 novembre 1958. Ma numerosi altri paesi si sono serviti del doppio turno: la Spagna dal 1836 al 1870 (allorché viene introdotto il plurality system) e poi dal 1931 al 1936 in una combinazione di voto limitato e doppio turno, la Germania dal 1871 al 1919 per eleggere il Reichstag, l'Austria fino al 1919, il Belgio fino al 1900, l'Italia fino al 1919, la Norvegia fino al 1921, l'Olanda fino al 1918, la Svizzera fino al 1919. Nel caso di Germania, Austria, Belgio, Italia, Norvegia, Olanda, Svizzera il terminus ad quem indica l'anno in cui viene introdotta la rappresentanza proporzionale.
IL PARLAMENTO COME RISORSA. LA CGIL ALLA CAMERA DEI DEPUTATI (1948–1968)
Authors: Morisi Massimo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneMolti studiosi collocano tradizionalmente la genesi dell'organizzazione e dell'azione sindacale nei conflitti e nei processi di strutturazione della società civile. Il luogo proprio dell'esperienza sindacale sarebbe il sistema degli interessi privati e dei rapporti di potere che ne consolidano e definiscono la dinamica. È un'area questa considerata preliminare rispetto al «politico» e alle sue istituzioni e «politicamente» solo eventuale. È, cioè, un'area fondamentale nell'organizzazione dello stesso potere sovrano, ma priva di una propria valenza politica originaria e non necessitata di per sé ad acquisirla.