bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Biobatteries: Hybrid Paper–Polymer Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Mohammadifar Maedeh , Yazgan Idris , Zhang Jing , Kariuki Victor , Sadik Omowunmi A. , Choi Seokheun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPaper‐based electronics have recently emerged as a simple, biodegradable, and low‐cost paradigm for disposable electronics and may be an excellent way to reduce the dramatic increase in electronic waste. Paper‐based batteries are imperative for stand‐alone and self‐sustained paper‐based electronics. Ideally, paper‐based batteries must be simple, biodegradable, inexpensive, and provide realistic and accessible power. Among many paper‐based batteries, paper‐based microbial biobatteries attract significant attention because of their self‐sustainability, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and potential for energy accessibility in resource‐constrained settings. However, the promise of this technology has not translated into practical power applications because of its low performance. Furthermore, its biodegradability remains questionable. In this work, an easily biodegradable paper‐polymer substrate is engineered as a part of a novel, high‐performance microbial battery. Poly (amic) acid and poly(pyromellitic dianhydride‐p‐phenylenediamine) are processed and incorporated into a porous, hydrophilic network of intertwined cellulose fibers to revolutionize oxygen‐blocking, proton‐exchanging, and biodegrading properties of the paper‐based microbial biobatteries, which ultimately offer the transformative potential of “green” electronics. Furthermore, the battery, formed by adding engineered polymers to the paper, exhibits a much higher power‐to‐cost ratio than all previously reported paper‐based microbial batteries. The biobattery clearly biodegrades without the requirements of special facilities, conditions, or introduction of other microorganisms.
Toward Light‐Regulated Living Biomaterials
Authors: Sankaran Shrikrishnan , Zhao Shifang , Muth Christina , Paez Julieta , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLiving materials are an emergent material class, infused with the productive, adaptive, and regenerative properties of living organisms. Property regulation in living materials requires encoding responsive units in the living components to allow external manipulation of their function. Here, an optoregulated Escherichia coli (E. coli)‐based living biomaterial that can be externally addressed using light to interact with mammalian cells is demonstrated. This is achieved by using a photoactivatable inducer of gene expression and bacterial surface display technology to present an integrin‐specific miniprotein on the outer membrane of an endotoxin‐free E. coli strain. Hydrogel surfaces functionalized with the bacteria can expose cell adhesive molecules upon in situ light‐activation, and trigger cell adhesion. Surface immobilized bacteria are able to deliver a fluorescent protein to the mammalian cells with which they are interacting, indicating the potential of such a bacterial material to deliver molecules to cells in a targeted manner.
Photoswitchable Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Devices Enabled by In Situ Covalent Functionalization
Authors: Lu Jingzhi , Lipatov Alexey , Vorobeva Natalia S. , Muratov Dmitry S. , Sinitskii Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA chemical approach is demonstrated for covalent functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic azobenzene moieties using diazonium chemistry. The approach utilizing in situ generated aryl diazonium cations enables multilayer deposition of photochromic species on graphene surfaces. It is demonstrated that the thickness of the resulting optically responsive films can be tuned from about 1 to over 20 nm by varying the functionalization time. Cis and trans forms of azobenzene can be achieved by illumination with UV and visible light, respectively, which enables reversible optically tunable change in the doping level of graphene. Interestingly, the bilayer graphene devices, while showing robust photoswitching, do not exhibit any considerable degradation of conductivity and charge carrier mobilities upon chemical functionalization, which is not the case for monolayer graphene devices. This work paves a way for multilayer functionalization of graphene devices with photochromic species and highlights bilayer graphene as a promising platform for high mobility devices with covalent functionalization.
Correlation of Molecular Structure and Charge Transport Properties: A Case Study in Naphthalenediimide–Based Copolymer Semiconductors
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Li Zhaojun , Jiang Lang , Chen Zhuojun , Liao Lei , Wang Ergang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent development of donor–acceptor (D–A) structure copolymers has led to the remarkable enhancement of mobility over 10 cm2 (V s)−1 in organic semiconductors. Despite these achievements, a thorough understanding of the correlation between molecular structure and charge transport properties is still not achieved. With this goal in mind, the electrical properties of three copolymers based on the naphthalenediimide (NDI) acceptor with different donor units are compared, and the effect of increasing donor length on the electronic structure of semiconductors and the resulting charge transport performance is studied. Structural and morphological characterizations are done to reveal the macro transport properties of the semiconductor films. Then, electrical measurements of the field‐effect transistors at variable temperatures are carried out to probe the charge transport property of the semiconductor films. Overall, it is found that the increasing of the donor length from one to three thiophene units would reduce the energetic disorder in the semiconductor films. Meanwhile, the electron cloud overlap between acceptor units would be weakened, which is detrimental to electron transport. Thus, a trading‐off between energetic disorder and electron cloud overlap is critical for achieving high mobility in this NDI–based copolymer system.
Adjustable Current‐Induced Magnetization Switching Utilizing Interlayer Exchange Coupling
Authors: Sheng Yu , Edmonds Kevin William , Ma Xingqiao , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrical current–induced deterministic magnetization switching in a magnetic multilayer structure without any external magnetic field is realized by utilizing interlayer exchange coupling. Two ferromagnetic Co layers, with in‐plane and out‐of‐plane anisotropy, respectively, are separated by a spacer Ta layer, which plays a dual role in inducing antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling, and contributing to the current‐induced effective magnetic field through the spin Hall effect. The current‐induced magnetization switching behavior can be tuned by premagnetizing the in‐plane Co layer. The antiferromagnetic exchange coupling field increases with decreasing thickness of the Ta layer, reaching 630 ± 5 Oe for a Ta thickness of 1.5 nm. A model is developed to separate the Joule heating and spin–orbit torques caused by the electrical current. The magnitude of the current‐induced perpendicular effective magnetic field from spin–orbit torque is 9.2 Oe/(107 A cm−2). The large spin Hall angle of Ta, opposite in sign to that of Pt, results in a low critical current density of 9 × 106 A cm−2. This approach is promising for the electrical switching of magnetic memory elements without any external magnetic field.
Vapor‐Coated Monofilament Fibers for Embroidered Electrochemical Transistor Arrays on Fabrics
Authors: Zhang Lushuai , Andrew Trisha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFiber‐based electrochemical transistors can be embroidered onto fabrics for wearable and implantable bioelectronics. However, the active channel length of known fiber‐based electrochemical transistors is defined by the dynamic contact area between the conductive fiber and a liquid electrolyte, meaning that existing iterations cannot be reliably operated upon immersion in biological media. A proof‐of‐concept parallel‐junction electrochemical transistor on a silk fabric with a fixed, micrometer‐sized channel length that is independent of electrolyte contact area is reported. A high on/off ratio of 1000, and notable transconductance value of 100 µS at zero gate voltage and low applied drain bias (0.7 V) is obtained, making this device amenable to subsequent incorporation into low‐power‐consuming integrated circuits. Large‐area arrays of this transistor can be rapidly created by straight‐stitching a monofilament fiber channel onto a fabric substrate, meaning that simple embroidery approaches can be used to fabricate spatially resolved electrode arrays for electrophysiological applications.
Bandgap Engineering of Organic Semiconductors for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yiou , Silveri Fabrizio , Bayazit Mustafa K. , Ruan Qiushi , Li Yaomin , Xie Jijia , Catlow C. Richard A. , Tang Junwang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe bandgap engineering of semiconductors, in particular low‐cost organic/polymeric photocatalysts could directly influence their behavior in visible photon harvesting. However, an effective and rational pathway to stepwise change of the bandgap of an organic/polymeric photocatalyst is still very challenging. An efficient strategy is demonstrated to tailor the bandgap from 2.7 eV to 1.9 eV of organic photocatalysts by carefully manipulating the linker/terminal atoms in the chains via innovatively designed polymerization. These polymers work in a stable and efficient manner for both H2 and O2 evolution at ambient conditions (420 nm < λ < 710 nm), exhibiting up to 18 times higher hydrogen evolution rate (HER) than a reference photocatalyst g‐C3N4 and leading to high apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of 8.6%/2.5% at 420/500 nm, respectively. For the oxygen evolution rate (OER), the optimal polymer shows 19 times higher activity compared to g‐C3N4 with excellent AQYs of 4.3%/1.0% at 420/500 nm. Both theoretical modeling and spectroscopic results indicate that such remarkable enhancement is due to the increased light harvesting and improved charge separation. This strategy thus paves a novel avenue to fabricate highly efficient organic/polymeric photocatalysts with precisely tunable operation windows and enhanced charge separation.
Metal–Organic Framework Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Bingjun , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHighly efficient hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) will determine the mass distributions of hydrogen‐powered clean technologies in the future. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a class of crystalline porous materials. Along with their derivatives, MOFs have recently been under intense study for their applications in various hydrogen production techniques. MOF‐based materials possess unique advantages, such as high specific surface area, crystalline porous structure, diverse and tunable chemical components, which offer attractive functionalities in catalyzing hydrogen evolution processes, by lowering reaction potentials, and speeding up reaction rates. Considering the rapid increase in research interest in hydrogen evolution in the last several years, this review aims to summarize recent advances in MOF‐associated hydrogen evolution research, including electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and chemocatalytic HER. Particular attention is paid to the design and utilization of postsynthetic modification of MOFs, MOF‐supported catalysts, and MOF derivatives for highly efficient HER. The opportunities and challenges for MOF‐based materials in a hydrogen‐powered clean future are also discussed.
Surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Authors: Lidsky Michael E. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHilar cholangiocarcinoma, which represents approximately 60% of biliary tract malignancies, is increasing in incidence and presents an ongoing challenge for patients and hepatobiliary surgeons. Although the majority of patients present with advanced disease, the remaining minority of patients are best treated with surgical resection or transplant. Transplant is typically reserved for locally unresectable tumors often in the setting of underlying hepatic dysfunction and will not be discussed herein. This review, therefore, focuses on oncological resection and the strategies implemented for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma at a quaternary referral center, including preoperative considerations such as patient selection and optimization of the future liver remnant, nuances to the operative approach for these tumors such as resection under low central venous pressure and management of the bile duct, as well as postoperative management.
Regiospecific N‐Arylation of Aliphatic Amines under Mild and Metal‐Free Reaction Conditions
Authors: Purkait Nibadita , Kervefors Gabriella , Linde Erika , Olofsson Berit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA transition metal‐free N‐arylation of primary and secondary amines with diaryliodonium salts is presented. Both acyclic and cyclic amines are well tolerated, providing a large set of N‐alkyl anilines. The methodology is unprecedented among metal‐free methods in terms of amine scope, the ability to transfer both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating aryl groups, and efficient use of resources, as excess substrate or reagents are not required.
Neutral and cationic half‐sandwich arene d6 metal complexes containing pyridyl and pyrimidyl thiourea ligands with interesting bonding modes: Synthesis, structural and anti‐cancer studies
Authors: Adhikari Sanjay , Hussain Omar , Phillips Roger M. , Kaminsky Werner , Kollipara Mohan Rao 
Published: June 2018

The reaction of [(p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 and [Cp*MCl2]2 (M = Rh/Ir) with benzoyl (2‐pyrimidyl) thiourea (L1) and benzoyl (4‐picolyl) thiourea (L2) led to the formation of cationic complexes bearing formula [(arene) M (L1)к2(N,S)Cl]+ and [(arene) M (L2)к2(N,S)Cl]+ [(arene) = p‐cymene, M = Ru, (1, 4); Cp*, M = Rh (2, 5) and Ir (3, 6)]. Precursor compounds reacted with benzoyl (6‐picolyl) thiourea (L3) affording neutral complexes having formula [(arene) M (L3)к1(S)Cl2] [arene = p‐cymene, M = Ru, (7); Cp*, M = Rh (8), Ir (9)]. X‐ray studies revealed that the methyl substituent attached to the pyridine ring in ligands L2 and L3 affects its coordination mode. When methyl group is at the para position of the pyridine ring (L2), the ligand coordinated metal in a bidentate chelating N, S‐ mode whereas methyl group at ortho position (L3), it coordinated in a monodentate mode. Further the anti‐cancer studies of the thiourea derivatives and its complexes carried out against HCT‐116, HT‐29 (human colorectal cancer), Mia‐PaCa‐2 (human pancreatic cancer) and ARPE‐19 (non‐cancer retinal epithelium) cell lines showed that the thiourea ligands are inactive but upon complexation, the metal compounds displayed potent and selective activity against cancer cells in vitro. Iridium complexes were found to be more potent as compared to ruthenium and rhodium complexes.
Extraction of Surface Wax from Whole Grain Sorghum
Authors: Hums Megan E. , Moreau Robert A. , Powell Michael J. , Hoyt Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSorghum has potential as a domestic source of wax for applications in the food and nonfood industries. The waxes extracted from sorghum have similar physical properties to those of Carnauba wax, a common imported commercial wax. This work focused on the extraction, fractionation, and characterization of waxes from sorghum kernels. Extraction was performed by varying the extraction conditions including temperature and solvents (hexane, ethanol, and methanol). A fractionation technique was developed to separate and quantify waxes from nonwaxes. The fractions were then characterized using a reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method developed in our laboratory that utilizes an evaporative light‐scattering detector for quantification. The results showed that the average amount of wax extracted from the surface of intact sorghum kernels was about 0.3 wt% using hexane at temperatures between 25 and 120°C and 1000 psi. The yield of wax via hexane extraction increased with temperature and ranged from about 0.06 to 0.39 wt%. Extraction with alcohols resulted in higher yields of extracts, but after fractionation to remove nonwax components, the yield of waxes was reduced by 31% for ethanol and 47% for methanol compared to hexane.
LiDAR from drones employed for mapping archaeology – Potential, benefits and challenges
Authors: Risbøl Ole , Gustavsen Lars 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the use of both drones and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) has become common in archaeology in recent years, LiDAR scanning from drones is still in its infancy. The technological development related to drones as well as laser scanner instruments has gradually reached the point where these can be integrated. In this paper we present the results from a test where the applicability of LiDAR used from a drone was studied. The study had two objectives – both based on comparative studies: (i) whether LiDAR from drones represents an improvement in terms of detection success; and (ii) whether LiDAR from drones can increase the quality of the documentation of archaeological features and their physical properties based on remote sensing. A modest improvement of detection success was found, but was not as convincing as one would perhaps expect given the relatively large increase in terms of ground points. This has led us to the conclusion that very dense vegetation obstructs laser beams from reaching all the way to the bare earth. As regards accuracy in documenting archaeological features, the study showed more significant improvements. The last part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the pros and cons of using LiDAR from drones compared to conventional airborne laser scanning from aeroplanes or helicopters. The main advantages concern flexibility, low flight altitude and small laser footprint as well as the advantages of a far‐reaching field of view. The disadvantages are related to price, battery capacity, size of area and especially the requirement of line of sight between the drone operator and the drone, a fact that restricts the efficiency in terms of mapping large areas. Nevertheless, the final conclusion is that LiDAR from drones has the potential to make a substantial improvement to archaeological remote sensing.
Simultaneous determination of eight components in Angelica sinensis based on UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for quality evaluation
Authors: Gui Qiaodi , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA method employing ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) for determination of eight components including ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, butylphthalide, ligustilide, butylidenephalide, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H and levistolide A in Angelica sinensis was established. The separation was carried out using a Waters ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid aqueous and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Good linearity was attained with R2 of 0.9983–0.9998 in wide concentration ranges. The method had limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in the range of 0.42–6.98 ng/mL and 1.39–23.28 ng/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions varied with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 0.33% to 0.88% and 0.37% to 1.04%, respectively. Moreover, the average recoveries were in a satisfactory range of 92.7%–102.1% with RSDs of less than 3.60%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze 19 batches of A. sinensis samples grown in Min County, Gansu province, China, as well as that collected in other regions. The findings indicated that the established method is reliable and may thus be applied as a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of components in A. sinensis, which has its implications in quality control of A. sinensis.
Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Cultivated Clones of Juniperus communis and Wild Juniperus Species
Authors: Maurya Antim K. , Devi Renuka , Kumar Ashish , Koundal Rajkesh , Thakur Soni , Sharma Anamika , Kumar Dharmesh , Kumar Rakshak , Padwad Yogendra S. , Chand Gopi , Singh Bikram , Agnihotri Vijai K. 
Published: June 2018

Needles of seven cultivated clones (C1 – C7) of Juniperus communis at lower altitude and three wild Juniperus species (J. communis, J. recurva and J. indica) at higher altitudes were investigated comparatively for their essential oils (EOs) yields, chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. The EOs yields varied from 0.26 to 0.56% (v/w) among samples. Sixty‐one volatile components were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and quantified using gas chromatography GC (FID) representing 82.5 – 95.7% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (49.1 – 82.8%) dominated in all samples (α‐pinene, limonene and sabinene as major components). Principal component analysis (PCA) of GC data revealed that wild and cultivated Juniperus species are highly distinct due to variation in chemical composition. J. communis (wild species) displayed cytotoxicity against SiHa (human cervical cancer), A549 (human lung carcinoma) and A431 (human skin carcinoma) cells (66.4 ± 2.2%, 74.4 ± 1.4% and 57.4 ± 4.0%), respectively, at 200 μg/ml. EOs exhibited better antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria than against Gram‐negative bacteria with the highest zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 (19.2 ± 0.7) by clone‐7. As per the conclusion of the findings, EOs of clone‐2, clone‐5 and clone‐7 can be suggested to the growers of lower altitude, as there is more possibility of uses of these EOs in food and medicinal preparations.
β‐elemene increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL by promoting the formation of DISC in lipid rafts
Authors: Xu Ling , Guo Tianshu , Qu Xiujuan , Hu Xuejun , Zhang Ye , Che Xiaofang , Song Huicong , Gong Jing , Ma Rui , Li Ce , Fan Yibo , Ma Yanju , Hou Kezuo , Wu Peihong , Dong Hang , Liu Yunpeng 
Published: June 2018

Abstractβ‐Elemene, an anti‐cancer drug extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb, showed anti‐tumor effects on gastric cancer cells. Our previous studies reported gastric cancer cells are insensitive to TRAIL. However, whether β‐elemene could enhance anti‐cancer effects of TRAIL on gastric cancer cells is unknown. In our present study, β‐elemene prevented gastric cancer cell viability in dose‐dependent manner, and when combined with TRAIL, obviously inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Compared to β‐elemene or TRAIL alone, treatment with β‐elemene and TRAIL obviously promoted DR5 clustering as well as translocation of Caspase‐8, DR5 and FADD into lipid rafts. This led to cleavage of Caspase‐8 and the formation of death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC) in lipid rafts. The cholesterol‐sequestering agent nystatin partially reversed DR5 clustering and DISC formation, preventing apoptosis triggered by the combination of β‐elemene and TRAIL. Our results suggest that β‐elemene increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL partially by promoting the formation of DISC in lipid rafts.