bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Early Warning Score Systems, nurse’s perspective – a focus group study
Authors: Jensen Claus Sixtus 
Published: May 2019

Background: Pediatric early warning score (PEWS) systems are used to monitor pediatric patients’ vital signs and facilitate the treatment of patients at risk of deteriorating. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about nurses’ experiences with PEWS and to highlight factors facilitating and impeding the use of PEWS tools in clinical practice we aim to obtain knowledge about nurses’ experiences with PEWS.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was chosen using focus group discussions to gain a deeper understanding of nurses’ experiences with PEWS. A total of five focus group discussions were conducted at three hospitals, and the analyses performed were inspired by Kvale and Brinckman.
Results: Seven themes were identified, including i) lack of interdisciplinary awareness, ii) clinical judgment and PEWS—a multi-faceted approach, iii) PEWS supports a professional language, iv) monitoring equipment—a challenge, v) PEWS helps to visualize the need for escalating care, vi) an inflexible and challenging tool, and vii) supportive tools enhance the nurses’ experiences of PEWS positively.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that attention should be given to nurses’ perceptions of how both clinical judgment and PEWS should be seen as essential in providing nurses with information about the patients’ conditions. If not, the risk of failing to recognize patients’ deteriorating conditions will remain. From the nurses’ perspective, medical doctors seemed unaware of their role in using PEWS.
Transition to adulthood: Dynamics of disability, food security, and SNAP participation
Authors: Guo Baorong , Huang Jin , Porterfield Shirley L. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study examines how the transition to adulthood may affect food security for individuals with disabilities and estimates the effects of SNAP participation on their food security during the transition.MethodsThe study uses a repeated cross‐sectional design with five years of data (2011–2015) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in the US. The difference‐in‐difference approach is applied to compare individuals with and without disabilities regarding their food security status in adolescence and young adulthood. Instrumental Variable analyses are conducted using state SNAP policy rules as exogenous instruments to estimate the effects of SNAP participation on food security status for youth and young adults with disabilities.ResultsResults indicate that transition into adulthood results in greater food security for individuals without disabilities but an increased risk of low food security for individuals with disabilities. The increased risk for young adults with disabilities may well put them at very low food security, the most severe category on the food security scale. SNAP participation appears to have greater impacts for youth than for young adults.ConclusionsSince food security likely has a profound impact on the long‐term development, economic independence, and self‐sufficiency, we discuss a few policy strategies that may help individuals with disabilities in their transition to adulthood.
Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students
Authors: Kiekens G. , Hasking P. , Claes L. , Boyes M. , Mortier P. , Auerbach R.P. , Cuijpers P. , Demyttenaere K. , Green J.G. , Kessler R.C. , Myin-Germeys I. , Nock M.K. , Bruffaerts R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Despite increased awareness that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant public health concern on college campuses worldwide, few studies have prospectively investigated the incidence of NSSI in college and considered targeting college entrants at high risk for onset of NSSI.Methods:Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565; 56.8%female, Mage = 18.3, SD = 1.1), students provided data on NSSI, sociodemographics, traumatic experiences, stressful events, perceived social support, and mental disorders. A total of 2,163 baseline responders provided data at a two-year annual follow-up assessment (63.2% conditional response rate).Results:One-year incidence of first onset NSSI was 10.3% in year 1 and 6.0% in year 2, with a total of 8.6% reporting sporadic NSSI (1–4 times per year) and 7.0% reporting repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 times per year) during the first two years of college. Many hypothesized proximal and distal risk factors were associated with the subsequent onset of NSSI (ORs = 1.5–18.2). Dating violence prior to age 17 and severe role impairment in daily life were the strongest predictors. Multivariate prediction suggests that an intervention focused on the 10% at highest risk would reach 23.9% of students who report sporadic, and 36.1% of students who report repetitive NSSI during college (cross-validated AUCs =.70–.75).Discussion:The college period carries high risk for the onset of NSSI. Individualized web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting young adults at high risk for self-injury and offering timely intervention.
What is a clinical trial protocol?
Authors: Cipriani Andrea , Barbui Corrado 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTrial protocols are documents that describe the objectives, design, methodology, statistical considerations and aspects related to the organization of clinical trials. Trial protocols provide the background and rationale for conducting a study, highlighting specific research questions that are addressed, and taking into consideration ethical issues. Trial protocols must meet a standard that adheres to the principles of Good Clinical Practice, and are used to obtain ethics approval by local Ethics Committees or Institutional Review Boards.
Mechanisms of impulsivity in bipolar disorder and related illness
Authors: Swann Alan C. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAims– Impulsivity is a multifaceted aspect of behavior that is prominent in psychiatric disorders and has serious behavioral consequences. This paper reviews studies integrating behavioral and physiological mechanisms in impulsivity and their role in severity and course of bipolar and related disorders.Methods– This is a review of work that used questionnaire, human behavioral laboratory, and neurophysiological measurements of impulsivity or related aspects of behavior. Subjects included individuals with bipolar disorder, substance-use disorders, antisocial personality disorder, and healthy controls.Results– Models of impulsivity include rapid-response impulsivity, with inability to reflect or to evaluate a stimulus adequately before responding, and reward-based impulsivity, with inability to delay response for a reward. In normal subjects, rapid-response impulsivity is increased by yohimbine, which increases norepinephrine release. Impulsivity is increased in bipolar disorder, whether measured by questionnaire, by measures of rapid-response impulsivity, or by measures of ability to delay reward. While affective state has differential effects on impulsivity, impulsivity is increased in bipolar disorder regardless of affective state or treatment. Impulsivity, especially rapid-response, is more severe with a highly recurrent course of illness or with comorbid substance-use disorder, and with history of medically severe suicide attempt. In antisocial personality disorder, rapid-response impulsivity is increased, but rewardbased impulsivity is not. In general, impulsivity is increased more in bipolar disorder than in antisocial personality disorder. In combined bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder, increased impulsivity is associated with substance-use disorders and suicide attempts.Conclusions– Impulsivity is associated with severe behavioral complications of bipolar disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance-use disorders.
Suicides in psychiatric in-patients: what are we doing wrong?
Authors: Leo Diego De , Sveticic Jerneja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGiven the uncontested role of psychiatric illnesses in both fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviours, efforts are continuously made in improving mental health care provision. In cases of severe mental disorder, when intensified treatment protocols and continuous supervision are required due to individual's impaired emotional, cognitive and social functioning (including danger to self and others), psychiatric hospitalisation is warranted. However, to date there is no convincing evidence that in-patient care prevents suicide. In fact, quite paradoxically, both admissions to a psychiatric ward and recent discharge from it have been found to increase risk for suicidal behaviours. What elements in the chain of well-intentioned approaches to treating psychiatric illness and suicidality fail to protect this vulnerable population is still unclear. The same holds true for the identifications of factors that may increase the risk for suicide. This editorial discusses current knowledge on this subject, proposing strategies that might improve prevention.
Development and validation of the RQC: a daily contact log for ACT and ICM teams
Authors: Lesage Alain D. , Gélinas Daniel , Bisson Jocelyn , Dion Éric , Ricard Nicole 
Published: April 2019

Aim– Instruments to measure the process - the daily activities of home care workers - have received little attention and may impede research in refining the active ingredients, the clientele best served and continuous quality improvement. We developed a decade ago in Quebec, Canada, a new daily contact log (relevé quotidien des contacts or RQC) that has now reached in practice 1 million entries.Methods– Three features distinguish the RQC development, namely, practical ergonomics, a clear logic, and response categories easy to understand and retain. The instrument is filled following any 10-minute or more contact with or about the client, and covers the location, time and actors of the episode of care, and the nature of the intervention (crisis, representing, accompanying, discussing) in 10 areas (i.e. medication, daily living activities, housing, relationships, substance abuse, legal, etc.). Inter-rater agreement for eachRQCresponse category and rater agreement with a criterion measure (coded vignettes) were evaluated.Results– Kappa coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficients yielded results ranging from at least moderate to generally substantial agreement for all 77 response categories.Conclusions– The newRQCmay support international studies of the implementation and application of various forms of intensive home care, refining its indications, and serves as a clinical and managerial tool to ensure quality of the interventions.Declaration of Interest:The study was financed by funds from the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). The authors have not been involved with any other forms of financing that might be considered a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.Declaration of Interest:The study was financed by funds from the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). The authors have not been involved with any other forms of financing that might be considered a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
The Principle of Unity under Article 10 EC and the International Representation of the Union and its Member States
Authors: Zeben Josephine van 
Published: April 2019

Case C-246/07 Commission v. Sweden nyr1.Unilateral proposals in the context of an international legal framework regarding alterations of that framework may be interpreted as dissociation from the common strategy within the Council (author’s headnote).2.If such dissociation has (legal) consequences for the Union, it compromises the principle of unity in the international representation of the Union and its Member States and weakens their negotiating power with regard to other parties to the Convention concerned. In such a case, there is a breach of the duty of cooperation in good faith under Article 10 EC (author’s headnote).3.By unilaterally proposing that a substance be listed in Annex A to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Kingdom of Sweden failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 10 EC** (official headnote).
An ancient hybridization event reconciles mito-nuclear discordance among spiral-horned antelopes
Authors: Rakotoarivelo Andrinajoro R , O’Donoghue Paul , Bruford Michael W , Moodley Yoshan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe spiral-horned antelopes (genus Tragelaphus) are among the most phenotypically diverse of all large mammals, and evolved in Africa during an adaptive radiation that began in the late Miocene, around 6 million years ago. Tragelaphus was able to exploit the habitat heterogeneity created by Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimatic fluctuations and tectonic processes to eventually occupy almost every habitat type in present day sub-Saharan Africa. The smallest of the spiral-horned antelopes, the bushbuck (T. scriptus), is also widely distributed across Africa, but is genetically divided into polyphyletic Scriptus and Sylvaticus mitochondrial (mt)DNA superlineages that inhabit opposite halves of the continent, suggesting the convergent evolution of independent bushbuck species. In this study, we provide a species tree reconstruction for the genus Tragelaphus and show that Scriptus and Sylvaticus are reciprocally monophyletic at nuclear DNA loci, comprising a single species across its African range. Given that mtDNA will sort into species-specific lineages more quickly than nuclear DNA, only an ancient interspecific hybridization event between a female from a now-extinct Tragelaphus species and a proto-Scriptus bushbuck male can reconcile the mito-nuclear incongruence. This extinct species diverged from the nyala (T. angasii) in the Pliocene about 4.1 million years ago. This study adds to an increasing body of evidence that suggests interspecific hybridization may be more common than previously thought.
Zfp217 mediates m6A mRNA methylation to orchestrate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to promote adipogenic differentiation
Authors: Song Tongxing , Yang Yang , Wei Hongkui , Xie Xiaowei , Lu Jinxin , Zeng Qianhui , Peng Jie , Zhou Yuanfei , Jiang Siwen , Peng Jian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A complex and highly orchestrated gene expression program chiefly establishes the properties that define the adipocyte phenotype, in which the vast majority of factors are involved in transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms by post-transcriptional modulation are poorly understood. Here, we showed that zinc finger protein (Zfp217) couples gene transcription to m6A mRNA modification to facilitate adipogenesis. Zfp217 modulates m6A mRNA methylation by activating the transcription of m6A demethylase FTO. Consistently, depletion of Zfp217 compromises adipogenic differentiation of 3T3L1 cells and results in a global increase of m6A modification. Moreover, the interaction of Zfp217 with YTHDF2 is critical for allowing FTO to maintain its interaction with m6A sites on various mRNAs, as loss of Zfp217 leads to FTO decrease and augmented m6A levels. These findings highlight a role for Zfp217-dependent m6A modification to coordinate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation and thus promote adipogenic differentiation.
Production cross-section of heavy flavored hadrons in pp collision at s = 7 TeV
Authors: Ajaz Muhammad , Khan Irfan , Suleymanov M. K. 
Published: April 2019

The transverse momentum distribution of the differential production cross-sections of heavy flavored charm hadrons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in pp collisions at 7 TeV are simulated. Predictions of DPMJETIII.17-1, HIJING1.383 and Sibyll2.3c are compared to the differential cross-section measurements of the LHCb experimental data presented in the region of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the pp center of mass frame is used to measure the transverse momentum and rapidity. The models reproduce only some regions of [Formula: see text] and/or bins of [Formula: see text] but none of them predict completely all the [Formula: see text] bins over the entire [Formula: see text] range.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЭКСПРЕССИВНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ЯЗЫКА ДЛЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ АТМОСФЕРЫ ТОТАЛЬНОГО ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ В РОМАНЕ ДЖ. ОРУЭЛЛА «1984»
Authors: Bikkulov Shamil Faritovich , Bikkulova Nuriya Mingazetdinovna 
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются стилистические средства, задействованные автором романа для демонстрации способов манипулирования сознанием людей, живущих в тоталитарном обществе. Исследование проводится на материале относительно законченного текста в рамках научной школы стилистики декодирования.Целью исследования является анализ употребления экспрессивных выразительных средств языка в дискурсе. Для анализа выбран отрывок из романа, посвященный описанию так называемой «двухминутки ненависти».Методы исследования. Используются методы контекстуального анализа, компонентного анализа лексического значения, метод тематической сетки.Результаты. Проведенный анализ показал, что при описании ритуальной процедуры «двухминутки ненависти» автор романа использует разнообразные стилистические средства, основанные на принципе контраста. Этот принцип позволяет четко вскрыть абсолютную бесчеловечность тоталитарного режима. В то же время обнаруживается ироническое отношение автора к проводимым официальными властями ритуальным мероприятиям; подвергается осмеянию методика психологического воздействия на людей посредством шаблонной пропаганды.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в преподавании университетских курсов по лингвистике текста, лексикологии и семасиологии, на практических занятиях по стилистике английского языка и семинарах по английской литературе.
A utopia da América: tempo e autenticidade na crítica de Ángel Rama
Authors: Demenech Pedro 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo trata de algumas questões presentes na crítica da cultura de Ángel Rama, professor, jornalista, editor, ficcionista e dramaturgo uruguaiopara a América Latina, principalmente no prólogo de La Novela en América Latina (1982),a única coletânea de textos que publicou ainda vivo. Nesse prólogo, Ángel, ao haver recolhido alguns de seus textos escritos entre os anos 1960 e 1970, remontou um percurso no qual analisou e esmiuçou suas preocupações intelectuais e teóricas. Tornando possível perceber como o tempo e a autenticidade são articulados para fundar uma ideia de América. Depois, utiliza os princípios de inacabamento e provisoriedade para interpretar a cultura do continente como um ensaio. Adiante, fez uma releitura de Pedro Henríquez Ureña sobre a utopia da América. Por último, lidou com uma temporalidade situada entre o passado e o futuro num momento em que o presente parecia infinito.
Teoria da história e história da historiografia: aberturas para “histórias não-convencionais”
Authors: Rodrigues Thamara de Oliveira 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre o que chamaremos de “histórias não-convencionais”, a teoria da história e a história da historiografia. Discutiremos aberturas possíveis das disciplinas para esferas que tensionam com seus protocolos sedimentados e, também, a relação destas aberturas com a emergência de uma temporalidade que tem transformado as humanidades e suas prioridades epistemológicas. Argumentaremos que os passados práticos, a critical quantitative inquiry, o paradigma da presença, a história pública e as historiografias populares seriam alguns exemplos de aberturas para “histórias não-convencionais”, à medida que intervêm criticamente no que diz respeito aos discursos e paradigmas históricos e historiográficos academicamente instituídos.
Entender ou defender o Santo Ofício? Negacionismo, apologética e usos da história inquisitorial em Para entender a Inquisição (2009), de Felipe Aquino
Authors: Camilo Rocha Igor Tadeu 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo analisa o livro Para entender a Inquisição, do missionário católico Felipe Aquino, uma obra apologética que propõe uma revisão histórica sobre os tribunais de fé católicos medievais e modernos, partindo da premissa de que existem usos da história secular da Inquisição contra a Igreja Católica e, por isso, é necessária sua releitura para a defesa de sua doutrina. Os objetivos aqui são os de analisar os usos da história nessa obra, discutindo sua articulação com uma tradição de escrita histórica de intelectuais conservadores e negacionistas sobre as Inquisições. A hipótese defendida é de que o negacionismo sobre o passado inquisitorial, ponto central na narrativa de Aquino, serve mais a um conservadorismo do presente, conferindo-lhe sentido histórico, do que a uma disputa pelo passado real. Pretende-se ainda levantar uma breve discussão sobre o papel do historiador profissional em relação a isso.
Meta-história para robôs (bots): o conhecimento histórico na era da inteligência artificial
Authors: Nicodemo Thiago Lima , Cardoso Oldimar Pontes 
Published: April 2019

Esse texto oferece uma reflexão teórica sobre os efeitos da inteligência artificial e do universo digital no ofício do historiador. A reflexão é baseada em um conjunto de experimentos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de um “historiador cibernético”, lidando com hipóteses tais como, robôs criando narrativas históricas e dominando métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Para isso, apresentamos nossa tecnologia própria em fase de desenvolvimento, problematizando as etapas para a criação de um "robô” historiador. O termo “robô" (ou “bot”) é entendido como um programa computacional que executa tarefas de forma quase inteiramente autônoma, sem qualquer relação com o usuário humano. Por sua vez, estas tarefas são complementadas por um sistema de inteligência artificial. Essa realidade emergente nos projeto em questões urgentes sobre transparência e ética no mundo digital, e pode ser uma poderosa ferramenta para problematizar o futuro da história no mundo contemporâneo. Corrigendum publicado em 28 de abril de 2019.1. Ambos os autores contribuiram igualmente para este trabalho.2. A propriedade do algoritmo utilizado na obtenção dos dados deste artigo pertence a Oldimar Cardoso.
Do Theorists of History Have a Theory of History? Reflections on a Non-Discipline
Authors: Simon Zoltán Boldizsár 
Published: April 2019

This brief article is a discussion-starter on the question of the role and use of theories and philosophies of history. In the last few decades, theories of history typically intended to transform the practice of historical studies through a straightforward application of their insights. Contrary to this, I argue that they either bring about particular historiographical innovations in terms of methodology but leave the entirety of historical studies intact or change the way we think about the entirety of historical studies merely by describing and explaining it in fresh and novel ways, without the need (and possibility) of application. In the former case, theories appear as internal to historical studies. In the latter case, they appear as theories abouthistory, and such theories are no longer limited to study history understood as historical writing. In reflecting on the historical condition of the ever-changing world, they foster a more fruitful cooperative relationship with the discipline of history. Discussing the scope and use of such theories of history is inevitable today when a younger generation sets out to theorize history against the backdrop of the experiential horizon of their own times.