bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying Benefits of Irrigation Expansion for Crop Production Under a Changing Climate and Competitive Water Use Among Crops
Authors: Okada Masashi , Iizumi Toshichika , Sakamoto Takaaki , Kotoku Mizuki , Sakurai Gen , Hijioka Yasuaki , Nishimori Motoki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReplacing rainfed cropping systems with irrigated systems has been deemed an effective agricultural adaptation measure in response to climate change. However, few agricultural impact assessments have considered changes in the water availability because of climate change and water use competition among crops. Here we assessed future global crop production under a changing climate and expanded surface water irrigation using the large‐scale crop‐river coupled model CROVER. The future irrigated area was estimated by extrapolating from the historical linear trends. We present three interesting cases from this global analysis. The results under a high‐emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) showed that, in response to irrigation expansion, maize production in Europe will increase, whereas rice production in East Asia will not increase because of competitive water use between rice and other crops. Furthermore, we found that future precipitation over crop‐producing areas in the Indus River watershed will decrease but that increased precipitation in the higher mountainous areas of the watershed will compensate for these diminished water resources, thereby reducing drought damage. Our findings reveal that competitive water use among crops and the geographical patterns of future changes in precipitation influence the benefits of expanding irrigation for crop production under a changing climate.
Cooling Effect of Urban Trees on the Built Environment of Contiguous United States
Authors: Wang Chenghao , Wang Zhi‐Hua , Yang Jiachuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExacerbated heat stress has resulted in a series of environmental issues in urban areas. Mounting empirical evidence shows that urban trees are effective in mitigating the thermal stress in the built environment, whereas large‐scale numerical simulations remain scarce. In this study, the effects of shade trees on the built environment, in terms of radiative cooling, pedestrian thermal comfort, and urban land surface energy balance, were evaluated over the contiguous United States. The projected scenario was simulated using a coupled Weather Research and Forecasting‐urban modeling system, incorporating the radiative shading of urban trees only. Results show that on average the mean near‐surface air temperature in urban areas decreases by 3.06 °C over the entire contiguous United States with the shading effect. Analysis of pedestrian thermal comfort shows that shade trees improve the thermal comfort level in summers, but could be detrimental in winters for cities located in temperate or subpolar climate zones. In addition, it was found that trees alter the surface energy balance by primarily enhancing the radiative cooling, leading to significant changes in the sensible heat but the ground heat comparatively intact.
Computational Benefit of GPU Optimization for the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling
Authors: Sun Jian , Fu Joshua S. , Drake John B. , Zhu Qingzhao , Haidar Azzam , Gates Mark , Tomov Stanimire , Dongarra Jack 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlobal chemistry‐climate models are computationally burdened as the chemical mechanisms become more complex and realistic. Optimization for graphics processing units (GPU) may make longer global simulation with regional detail possible, but limited study has been done to explore the potential benefit for the atmospheric chemistry modeling. Hence, in this study, the second‐order Rosenbrock solver of the chemistry module of CAM4‐Chem is ported to the GPU to gauge potential speed‐up. We find that on the CPU, the fastest performance is achieved using the Intel compiler with a block interleaved memory layout. Different combinations of compiler and memory layout lead to ~11.02× difference in the computational time. In contrast, the GPU version performs the best when using a combination of fully interleaved memory layout with block size equal to the warp size, CUDA streams for independent kernels, and constant memory. Moreover, the most efficient data transfer between CPU and GPU is gained by allocating the memory contiguously during the data initialization on the GPU. Compared to one CPU core, the speed‐up of using one GPU alone reaches a factor of ~11.7× for the computation alone and ~3.82× when the data transfer between CPU and GPU is considered. Using one GPU alone is also generally faster than the multithreaded implementation for 16 CPU cores in a compute node and the single‐source solution (OpenACC). The best performance is achieved by the implementation of the hybrid CPU/GPU version, but rescheduling the workload among the CPU cores is required before the practical CAM4‐Chem simulation.
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model
Authors: Howie R. Nicole , Herberg Samuel , Durham Emily , Grey Zachary , Bennfors Grace , Elsalanty Mohammed , LaRue Amanda C. , Hill William D. , Cray James J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with (10 mg·kg-1 sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without (control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups: (a) empty/sham, (b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or (c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with 542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.
Comparative metatranscriptomics reveals extracellular electron transfer pathways conferring microbial adaptivity to surface redox potential changes
Authors: Ishii Shun’ichi , Suzuki Shino , Tenney Aaron , Nealson Kenneth H , Bretschger Orianna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Some microbes can capture energy through redox reactions with electron flow to solid-phase electron acceptors, such as metal-oxides or poised electrodes, via extracellular electron transfer (EET). While diverse oxide minerals, exhibiting different surface redox potentials, are widely distributed on Earth, little is known about how microbes sense and use the minerals. Here we show electrochemical, metabolic, and transcriptional responses of EET-active microbial communities established on poised electrodes to changes in the surface redox potentials (as electron acceptors) and surrounding substrates (as electron donors). Combination of genome-centric stimulus-induced metatranscriptomics and metabolic pathway investigation revealed that nine Geobacter/Pelobacter microbes performed EET activity differently according to their preferable surface potentials and substrates. While the Geobacter/Pelobacter microbes coded numerous numbers of multi-heme c-type cytochromes and conductive e-pili, wide variations in gene expression were seen in response to altering surrounding substrates and surface potentials, accelerating EET via poised electrode or limiting EET via an open circuit system. These flexible responses suggest that a wide variety of EET-active microbes utilizing diverse EET mechanisms may work together to provide such EET-active communities with an impressive ability to handle major changes in surface potential and carbon source availability.
MiR-205-5p inhibition by locked nucleic acids impairs metastatic potential of breast cancer cells
Authors: De Cola Antonella , Lamolinara Alessia , Lanuti Paola , Rossi Cosmo , Iezzi Manuela , Marchisio Marco , Todaro Matilde , De Laurenzi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMir-205 plays an important role in epithelial biogenesis and in mammary gland development but its role in cancer still remains controversial depending on the specific cellular context and target genes. We have previously reported that miR-205-5p is upregulated in breast cancer stem cells targeting ERBB pathway and leading to targeted therapy resistance. Here we show that miR-205-5p regulates tumorigenic properties of breast cancer cells, as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Silencing this miRNA in breast cancer results in reduced tumor growth and metastatic spreading in mouse models. Moreover, we show that miR-205-5p knock-down can be obtained with the use of specific locked nucleic acids oligonucleotides in vivo suggesting a future potential use of this approach in therapy.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PXR is a critical regulator of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Wang Cheng , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Yanqing , Huang Dan , Huang Kai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure and remains a critical problem in medicine. PARP1-dependent poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a key mediator of cellular stress responses and functions in multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, whether it is involved in the process of APAP metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we find that PARP1 is activated in mouse livers after APAP overdose. Pharmacological or genetic manipulations of PARP1 are sufficient to suppress the APAP-induced hepatic toxicity and injury, as well as reduced APAP metabolism. Mechanistically, we identify pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a substrate of PARP1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PXR in ligand-binding domain activates PXR competitively and solidly, facilitates its recruitment to target gene CYP3A11 promoter, and promotes CYP3A11 gene transcription, thus resulting in increases of APAP pro-toxic metabolism. Additionally, PXR silence antagonizes the effects of PARP1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. These results identifies poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PXR by PARP1 as a key step in APAP-induced liver injury. We propose that inhibition of PARP1-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation might represent a novel approach for the treatment of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Plk1 overexpression induces chromosomal instability and suppresses tumor development
Authors: de Cárcer Guillermo , Venkateswaran Sharavan Vishaan , Salgueiro Lorena , El Bakkali Aicha , Somogyi Kalman , Rowald Konstantina , Montañés Pablo , Sanclemente Manuel , Escobar Beatriz , de Martino Alba , McGranahan Nicholas , Malumbres Marcos , Sotillo Rocío 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of human tumors, being frequently considered as an oncogene and an attractive cancer target. However, its contribution to tumor development is unclear. Using a new inducible knock-in mouse model we report here that Plk1 overexpression results in abnormal chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, generating polyploid cells with reduced proliferative potential. Mechanistically, these cytokinesis defects correlate with defective loading of Cep55 and ESCRT complexes to the abscission bridge, in a Plk1 kinase-dependent manner. In vivo, Plk1 overexpression prevents the development of Kras-induced and Her2-induced mammary gland tumors, in the presence of increased rates of chromosome instability. In patients, Plk1 overexpression correlates with improved survival in specific breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, despite the therapeutic benefits of inhibiting Plk1 due to its essential role in tumor cell cycles, Plk1 overexpression has tumor-suppressive properties by perturbing mitotic progression and cytokinesis.
Scaling oscillatory platform frequency reveals recurrence of intermittent postural attractor states
Authors: Dutt-Mazumder Aviroop , Rand Troy J. , Mukherjee Mukul , Newell Karl M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe study of postural control has been dominated by experiments on the maintenance of quiet upright standing balance on flat stationary support surfaces that reveal only limited modes of potential configurations of balance stability/instability. Here we examine the self-organization properties of postural coordination as revealed in a dynamic balance task with a moving platform. We scaled a control parameter (platform frequency) to investigate the evolving nature of the coupled oscillator dynamics between center of mass (CoM) and platform. Recurrent map measures were used to reveal whether episodic postural control strategies exist that can be scaled by systematically changing the magnitude of platform motion. The findings showed that at higher platform frequencies (1.2 Hz), the CoM-Platform coupling was less deterministic than lower platform frequencies and evolved to intermittent postural control strategies that oscillated between periodic-chaotic transitions to maintain upright postural balance. Collectively, the recurrence map measures indicated that quasi-static postural attractor states were progressively emerging to the changing task constraints of platform frequency in the maintenance of postural stability. It appears that several dynamic modes of intermittent coupling in postural control can interchangeably co-exist and are expressed as a function of the control parameter of platform frequency.
High-Responsivity Multilayer MoSe2 Phototransistors with Fast Response Time
Authors: Lee Hyejoo , Ahn Jongtae , Im Seongil , Kim Jiyoung , Choi Woong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is a great interest in phototransistors based on transition metal dichalcogenides because of their interesting optoelectronic properties. However, most emphasis has been put on MoS2 and little attention has been given to MoSe2, which has higher optical absorbance. Here, we present a compelling case for multilayer MoSe2 phototransistors fabricated in a bottom-gate thin-film transistor configuration on SiO2/Si substrates. Under 650-nm-laser, our MoSe2 phototransistor exhibited the best performance among MoSe2 phototransistors in literature, including the highest responsivity (1.4 × 105 AW−1), the highest specific detectivity (5.5 × 1013 jones), and the fastest response time (1.7 ms). We also present a qualitative model to describe the device operation based on the combination of photoconductive and photogating effects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high performance in multilayer MoSe2 phototransistors, suggesting the possibility of further enhancement in the performance of MoSe2 phototransistors with proper device engineering.
Photoluminescence of planar and 3D InGaN/GaN LED structures excited with femtosecond laser pulses close to the damage threshold
Authors: Jaros Angelina , Hartmann Jana , Zhou Hao , Szafranski Barbara , Strassburg Martin , Avramescu Adrian , Waag Andreas , Voss Tobias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe study the photoluminescence emission from planar and 3D InGaN/GaN LED structures, excited using a femtosecond laser with fluences close to sample’s damage threshold. For a typical laser system consisting of a titanium-sapphire regenerative amplifier, which is pumping an optical parametric amplifier delivering output pulses of a few tens of MW pulse power with ∼100 fs pulse duration, 1 kHz repetition rate and a wavelength of 325 nm, we determine the damage threshold of the InGaN/GaN LEDs to be about 0.05 J/cm2. We find that the relative intensity of the GaN photoluminescence (PL) and InGaN PL changes significantly close to the damage threshold. The changes are irreversible once the damage threshold is exceeded. As the damage threshold is approached, the InGaN luminescence band blue-shifts by several tens of meV, which is attributed to band filling effects. The PL decay time reduces substantially, by about 30%, when the excitation energy density is increased by approximately two orders of magnitude. The results are comparable for 2D and 3D LED structures, where in the latter case m-plane QWs exhibit different recombination dynamics because of the absence of the quantum confined Stark effect.
LED based real-time survival bioassays for nematode research
Authors: Rajasekharan Satish Kumar , Raorane Chaitany Jayaprakash , Lee Jintae 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNematode bioassays are extensively conducted worldwide, either for screening anthelmintic drugs or for assessing the toxicity of drug candidates. Recently, the US Environmental Protection Agency mandated the use of invertebrate models including nematodes especially Caenorhabditis elegans, for toxicity testing as an alternative to rodent models. The significance of nematode bioassays in the biological sciences is escalating, but no standardized protocol is available to assess nematode mortality in a liquid medium. Manual counting under white light is the only approach currently practiced, which exhibit large variabilities and false positive results. Here, we describe an innovative counting strategy that employs light-emitting diode (LED) technology. We found that the nematodes stopped moving under white light (360–760 nm) when administered with sub-lethal dosage (LC50) of a toxic drug, whereas they responded rapidly to blue (450–490 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (100–400 nm) LED lights. Furthermore, paralyzed nematodes responded in less than 5 seconds to a LED pulse. The response to the LED stimulus was distinctively noted in C. elegans dauers, which squirmed away from illuminated sites within seconds. LED produced an incoherent beam, and uniformly distributed light across the sampling area. In conclusion, this method is more accurate than the conventional counting techniques, and enables us to differentiate paralyzed and dead nematodes virtually in real-time. Furthermore, this technique would appear to be suitable for incorporating a motion-sensor based automated system.
The Role of Audiologists in Assuring Follow-Up to Outpatient Screening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Systems
Authors: Thomson Vickie , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of audiology involvement and other factors associated with failure to follow through from the initial hearing screening to the second outpatient screen.

Method
Linear regression, logistical regression, and descriptive analyses were used across demographic and hospital variables associated with infants who did not receive a follow-up outpatient screen.

Results
The results included birthing hospital outpatient rescreen rates from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. Variables were collected from the birth certificate and hospital surveys. Results showed higher loss to follow-up/documentation to outpatient screen for (a) infants born in hospitals with low rates for returning for follow-up, (b) infants born in hospitals that did not have an audiologist involved, (c) infants who were Hispanic, (d) infants who were born to mothers who were not married, (e) infants with mother's with < 12 years of education, and (f) infants with Apgar scores of 7 or below.

Conclusions
The findings were used to identify quality improvement strategies to decrease the loss to follow-up. Strategies included ensuring audiology support, providing information in the parent's native language, educating personnel in the newborn intensive care units, developing and disseminating information in Spanish in written form, and educating hospitals on the importance of scheduling the outpatient rescreening before hospital discharge.
Experimental investigation of the effects of sonication time and volume concentration on the performance of PVT solar collector
Authors: Rajendiran Gangadevi , Kuppusamy Vinayagam Babu , Shanmugasundaram Senthilraja 
Published: July 2018

In this research, the effects of sonication time and volume concentration of cupric oxide (CuO)/water nanofluids on the thermal conductivity, viscosity and performance of photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) solar collector are investigated experimentally. Pure water, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% volume concentrations of CuO/water nanofluids prepared with 1, 2, 3 and 4 h sonication time are used as the heat transfer fluids in this study. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids are the functions of sonication time and volume concentration and using a 0.2 vol.% nanofluid prepared with 4 h sonication time, the thermal conductivity and viscosity were enhanced up to 3.5 and 7.5%, respectively, with respect to the base fluid, whereas for the same volume concentration and sonication time, the observed thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PVT solar collector are 80.7 and 15.1%, respectively, at 12 noon. It was observed that the highest total efficiency of the PVT solar collector of about 95.8% was obtained for 0.2% CuO/water nanofluid and 4 h sonication time at 12 noon.
Extragalactic radio source stability and VLBI celestial reference frame: insights from the Allan standard deviation
Authors: Gattano C. , Lambert S. B. , Le Bail K. 
Published: July 2018

Aims. We investigate the composition of the noise in coordinate time series of several hundreds of extragalactic radio sources monitored by the geodetic VLBI program since 1979. The noise type is identified at all available timescales longer than one year, following the observational history of the source.
Methods. We computed the Allan standard deviation of coordinate time series and developed a Monte Carlo test to evaluate the influence of the irregular sampling and error on data onto the noise type identification. We classified the radio sources into three categories depending on their type of noise and taking into account the dominating noise at different timescales: from the category AV0, which contains sources with a stable behavior at all timescales, to the category AV2, which contains sources whose coordinates are dominated by random walks at the longest timescales.
Results. We found that almost no source exhibited “idealized” white noise. Only 5% of the 647 sources we studied belong to the category AV0 (stable sources). Moreover, we found that this class contains sources with relatively short observational histories, suggesting that after some years, a source whose astrometric position has shown a stable behavior is likely to become unstable. This questions the existence of the stable source paradigm and adds complementary information in the crucial task of selecting sources on which to base the axes of the celestial reference frame.