bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo: Immunomodulatory, Hepatic and Biochemical Alterations
Authors: Islam Md. Sadequl , Amin Md. Nurul , Begum Mst. Deloara 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.ObjectivesThis study rigorously explored the impact of TiO2 NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.MethodsThe study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO2 NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO2 NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.ResultsThe results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO2 NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO2 NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO2 NP‐treated groups compared to the control.ConclusionThe findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO2 NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.
Marked osteopenia as a CT feature of confirmed multiple myeloma in a dog
Authors: Natsiopoulos Thomas , Jolly Frahija Ico Thais , Kilpatrick Scott , Ramalho Furtado Ana Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, female, spayed Airedale terrier, presented with a 7‐day history of right pelvic limb lameness and a 2‐day history of gingival bleeding and melaena. A mild bi‐cytopenia had been reported 2 years before during a regular check‐up, and this was still present a week before referral. A computed tomographic study of the thorax and abdomen showed marked osteopenia and multifocal coalescent areas of geographic osteolysis affecting predominantly the axial skeleton with concurrent pathological rib fractures. Bone marrow cytology and histopathology were compatible with multiple myeloma given an increased numbers of plasma cells (>70%). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of marked generalised osteopenia detected as a computed tomography imaging feature of multiple myeloma.
The GraphBRAIN Framework for Knowledge Graph Management and Its Applications to Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ferilli Stefano , Bernasconi Eleonora , Di Pierro Davide , Redavid Domenico 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe traditional record-based approach to the description of Cultural Heritage is nowadays obsolete. It is unable to properly handle complex descriptions and it cannot support advanced functions provided by Artificial Intelligence techniques for helping practitioners, scholars, researchers and end-users in carrying out their tasks. A graph-based, semantic approach is needed, such as that provided by Semantic Web solutions. Also, a ‘holistic’ description approach is needed, that includes and inter-connects all branches and types of Cultural Heritage, and that is not limited to describing just the formal metadata of cultural objects, but can deal with their content, physicality, context and lifecycle, as well. The GraphBRAIN framework and technology for Knowledge Graph management enforces all these ideas and enjoys improved efficiency, expressiveness, and flexibility thanks to the use of the LPG model for knowledge representation. This paper describes GraphBRAIN and its application to several Cultural Heritage-related fields, including digital libraries, archives and museums, history of computing, and tourism as a way to boost fruition of these items.
Common Language for Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability in Historical Demography
Authors: Mourits Rick J. , Riswick Tim , Stapel Rombert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges in the transition to open science is making data interoperable. Ideally, existing schemas and vocabularies are (re-)used to describe data, but these are generally problematic for historical data, as they exclude historical concepts and are insensitive to temporal variations in meaning. Therefore, the subdiscipline of historical demography has designed its own schemas and vocabularies to standardize historical data, as researchers require them to make and study large-scale reconstructions of populations and life courses. We introduce a web environment called CLAIR-HD that helps researchers to find vocabularies to standardize historical demographic data, and determine lacunae in the standardization of data within the field of historical demography.
End-to-End AI Generated Runtime Verification from Natural Language Specification
Authors: Cohen Itay , Peled Doron 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate how LLMs can be harnessed to synthesize runtime verification monitors from natural language specifications. We instruct the LLM through prompts to assemble the monitors through a sequence of stages. To start with, we employ the learned insights LLMs possess regarding linear temporal logic for translating natural language specifications into propositional past time LTL formulas. Next, we utilize a sequence of prompts to synthesize from the LTL specification a runtime verification monitor for the given formula. Part of these prompts enable the LLM to validate its own outputs, thereby significantly improving the probability of obtaining a correct monitor.
AI-Assisted Programming with Test-Based Refinement
Authors: Aichernig Bernhard K. , Havelund Klaus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work explores the utilization of a Large Language Model (LLM), specifically OpenAI’s ChatGPT, to develop a program as a sequence of refinements. Traditionally in formal methods literature such refinements are proven correct, which can be time consuming. In this work the refinements are tested using property-based testing. This approach addresses the problem of ensuring that the code generated by an LLM is correct, which is one of the main challenges of code generation with LLMs. Programs are developed in Scala and testing is performed with ScalaCheck. This approach is demonstrated through the development and testing of a classical bridge controller, originally presented in documentation for the refinement-based Event-B theorem prover.
The Reachability Problem for Neural-Network Control Systems
Authors: Schilling Christian , Zimmermann Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA control system consists of a plant component and a controller which periodically computes a control input for the plant. We consider systems where the controller is implemented by a feedforward neural network with ReLU activations. The reachability problem asks, given a set of initial states, whether a set of target states can be reached. We show that this problem is undecidable even for trivial plants and fixed-depth neural networks with three inputs and outputs. We also show that the problem becomes semi-decidable when the plant as well as the input and target sets are given by automata over infinite words.
Teaching the Specialized Language of Mathematics with a Data-Driven Approach: What Data Do We Use?
Authors: Fissore Cecilia , Floris Francesco , Conte Marina Marchisio , Sacchet Matteo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNumerous studies in Mathematics Education have shown that among the causes of disciplinary learning difficulties are the acquisition and understanding of its specialized language. Data-Driven Learning (DDL) is a didactic approach that treats language as data and sees students as researchers doing guided discovery activities. The exploration of corpora can effectively support reflection on the specialized languages of Mathematics. What data should be used? Students daily use the most recent Large Language Models (LLM) and Google, which can be used for linguistic investigations. However, it must be remembered that there is no total control over the data on which searches are carried out, the results, and the type of language they use. Control over the data is important, especially when teachers want to use these tools to design and deliver didactic activities. This paper presents a recent DDL research activity with 80 secondary school students on the specialized language of Mathematics. The students conducted linguistic investigations on a specially designed corpus and carried out corpus-based activities with automatic formative assessment within a Digital Learning Environment. The results show that the students appreciated the proposed activities. They develop linguistic and mathematical skills and become more aware of the importance of the language they use. Students developed digital skills in browsing, searching, and filtering data, as well as in evaluating data, information, and digital content. LLM, such as ChatGPT, could not be used for the same type of activity, but with appropriate design, they can be used as a starting point for investigation and linguistic reflection. In the future, given the notable diffusion of these AI tools, it is essential to train teachers and students on their strengths and weaknesses and how they influence teaching and learning.
Interoperating Civil Registration of Death and Census Data: Old Age and Marriage as Categories of Analysis
Authors: Breathnach Ciara , Murphy Rachel , Schieweck Alexander , Margaria Tiziana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs part of the project Death and Burial Data: Ireland 1864–1922 (DBDIrl), a web application was created in DIME, a low-code web application development environment. DIME is based on the popular IDE Eclipse and utilizes three distinct graphical model types (data model, process model and GUI model) as Domain Specific Language (DSL). Web applications are defined by means of these models in the DIME integrated modelling environment in a simple way, and these models are used to generate the web application code that is then deployed and made available to the users. This paper provides an overview of how we use a web application created in DIME, a low-code application development tool to establish interoperability between Irish historical civil registration of death data and Irish cross-sectional decennial census data from 1901 and 1911. The former data collections are complex and require manual interventions like transcription and considerable cleaning to render them machine readable, the latter are fully transcribed. Here we present a case study concerning the analysis of deaths in old age in Dublin City and how they correlate with census returns. We then turn our attention to a use case of marital status and the algorithmic problems caused by irregular replies in census data. Our objective was to test how DIME could replicate the decisions taken by domain experts using old age and marital status as the primary linkage criteria.
From Data Science to Modular Workflows Changing Perspectives from Data to Platform: DBDIrl 1864-1922 Case Study
Authors: O’Shea Enda , Krumrey Marco , Mitwalli Daniel Sami , Teumert Sebastian , Margaria Tiziana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany historical data collections foot on handwritten documents and registers, whose consultation is often very difficult due to the conservation state of the physical artefacts, and whose comprehension is also made difficult by the handwriting, difficult to interpret, and the language used, different from the modern terminology. Therefore significant research efforts by historians, demographers, population health scientists and others have been started in the past with the aim of making such data collections digitally available, first on the basis of images and then as readily available repositories of transcribed data in electronically queryable formats. For the purpose of extracting data from the Irish Civil registers of deaths in the DBDIrl 1864-1922 project (https://www.dbdirl.com), an AI-ML Data Analytics Pipeline was proposed as a working approach validated on a subset of the data. However, the pipeline requires manual steps and it is not applicable as is on similar datasets without significant modifications to its inner workings.We are currently transforming this prototyped, single purpose product to a modular, fully automated workflow, intended to be used and reconfigured for new data in a low-code/no-code fashion by domain experts like historians. We explain our adopted analysis and refactoring process, illustrate it on part of the pipeline, including how we faced obstacles and handled pitfalls. We also evaluate its potential to become a methodical approach to transforming an interactive program to a fully automated process, in a low-code/no-code workflow style, that can be easily reused, reconfigured and extended to be able to tailor it to other datasets as needed.
Deutungsmuster als Erklärungsmodelle für Nahtoderfahrungsberichte
Authors: Nadile Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der sozialwissenschaftlichen Annäherung an das Thema der Nahtoderfahrung kommt die vor mehr als zwanzig Jahren durchgeführte Studie der Soziologen Knoblauch/Schmied/Schnettler zum Schluss, dass es sich bei Nahtoderfahrungsberichten primär um ein «soziales Phänomen» handeln müsse, da die Berichte durch «äusserst divergierende und durch starke Idiosynkrasien geprägte Erfahrungsinhalte und deren narrative Darstellungsformen» äusserst divers ausfallen würden: «Die Divergenzen der inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung sowie der Deutung der Todesnäheerfahrung verweisen auf kulturelle Einflüsse, die nicht nur die Interpretation der Erfahrung, sondern auch die Erfahrungsinhalte selbst berühren.» In den westlichen Ländern sei das Phänomen bereits länger bekannt, weshalb es auch zu ausführlicheren Berichten, differenzierteren Deutungen und lebensweltlichen Einordnungen komme. Eine «standardisierte», allgemein gültige und verbreitete Struktur sei aber nicht zu erkennen, wenngleich einzelne Elemente durchaus wiederkehrend seien, diese aber in Kombination mit anderen Elementen äusserst heterogen auftreten könnten.
Kommunizierbarkeit subjektiver Wahrnehmung und Erfahrung von Sterben und Tod in der auto-biografischen Erzählung
Authors: Nadile Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungErfahrungen mit dem Tod und Sterben ergeben sich zum Beispiel in der Selbstkonfrontation mit der eigenen Vergänglichkeit anhand von Veränderungen am eigenen Körper: Der Mensch kann an der eigenen, physiologischen Veränderung feststellen, dass er einem nicht beeinflussbaren Alterungsprozess unterworfen ist, der mit dem Tod enden wird. Der Mensch ist damit fähig, über sich selbst und über seinen Lebenssinn in einem unerklärbar scheinenden Universum nachzudenken und sich bewusst zu werden, dass er sterblich ist. Er weiss, dass mindestens seine physische Existenz zu einem ungewissen Zeitpunkt unwiederbringlich ausgelöscht sein wird.
Zusammenfassung und Bewertung
Authors: Nadile Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Herangehensweise lässt sich Nahtoderfahrungsberichten aus zwei verschiedenen, jedoch voneinander abhängigen, sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Perspektiven nähern: Zum einen aus einer medialen Debatte, in der das Begriffsverständnis, der Erkenntnisgehalt und -gewinn und die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung damit im Zentrum stehen. Dabei ist in der vorliegenden Arbeit von Interesse, welche unterschiedlichen, teilweise sich diametral entgegengesetzten Deutungsvarianten, sogenannte «soziale Deutungsmuster», im gesellschaftlichen Wissensvorrat für Betroffene verfügbar sind und wie diese rezipiert werden und welches Handlungsproblem sie dabei lösen wollen. Zum anderen scheint es aus einer Perspektive von betroffenen Personen eine Sammelbezeichnung für eine ausseralltäglich empfundene Erfahrung zu sein, die in krisenhaften, subjektiv oftmals als lebensbedrohlich empfundenen Situationen auftreten kann.
SHIFT@LHC: Searches for new physics with shifted interaction on a fixed target at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Niedziela Jeremi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
New low-mass particles with very small couplings to standard model particles that travel significant distances before decaying are interesting candidates to address some of the most intriguing questions of modern physics. In this paper, I propose to extend the LHC’s research program by installing a gaseous fixed target referred to as SHIFT at around 160 meters from the CMS interaction point. When the LHC proton beam collides with this target, interactions at a center of mass energy of ≈113 GeV would occur. The particles produced in such collisions, or their decay products, would travel through the rock and other material on their path, potentially reaching the CMS detector where they can be registered and studied. Such an approach would allow us to access otherwise uncovered regions of parameters phase space at a relatively low cost since it does not require constructing a new detector. Various aspects such as angular and lifetime coverage or material survival probability have been studied. The results are interpreted within two new physics models, namely, the Dark Photons and the Hidden Valley scenarios, and compared with the standard proton-proton physics program of CMS. A comparison is also made with the fixed target program at LHCb, as well as parasitic detectors such as FASER or MATHUSLA. The obtained results indicate that, despite assuming just 1% of the nominal CMS luminosity to be available to SHIFT, the physics reach could be extended by a factor of up to 150 (1000) for Dark Photon (Hidden Valley) scenarios, depending on the signal model parameters.
Holographic stress tensor correlators on higher genus Riemann surfaces
Authors: He Song , Li Yun-Ze , Xie Yunfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a comprehensive study of holographic stress tensor correlators on general Riemann surfaces, extending beyond the previously well-studied torus cases to explore higher genus conformal field theories (CFTs) within the framework of the Anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We develop a methodological approach to compute holographic stress tensor correlators, employing the Schottky uniformization technique to address the handlebody solutions for higher genus Riemann surfaces. Through rigorous calculations, we derive four-point stress tensor correlators, alongside recurrence relations for higher-point correlators, within the AdS3/CFT2 context. Additionally, our research delves into the holography of cutoff AdS3 spaces, offering novel insights into the lower-point correlators of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed theories on higher genus Riemann surfaces up to the first deformation order.
Collective excitations in magnetic topological insulators and axion dark matter search
Authors: Ishiwata Koji , Nomura Kentaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate collective excitations in magnetic topological insulators (TIs) and their impact on axion detection. In the three-dimensional TI model with the Hubbard term, the effective action of magnons and amplitude modes is formulated by dynamical susceptibility under the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. One of the amplitude modes is identified as “axionic” quasi-particle and its effective coupling to the electromagnetic fields turns out to be enhanced by about four orders of magnitude larger than the previous estimate, which may drastically change the sensitivity of the axion search using “axion” in magnetic TIs.
The interplay of gut microbiota, obesity, and depression: insights and interventions
Authors: Halabitska Iryna , Petakh Pavlo , Kamyshna Iryna , Oksenych Valentyn , Kainov Denis E. , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome, body weight, and related comorbidities are intricately linked through a complex interaction of microbial, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Alterations in gut microbiota can contribute to the development of weight disorders and depressive symptoms, with the potential for these relationships to be bidirectional. Effective management of these interconnected conditions often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and psychological support. Medical interventions, including treatments for obesity, antidiabetic drugs, antidepressants, antibiotics, and probiotics, can have beneficial and detrimental effects on gut microbiota and mental health. Further research is needed to better understand their impact on gut microbiome and mental health in the context of obesity.
Cyclotomic expansions for $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$ link invariants via interpolation Macdonald polynomials
Authors: Beliakova Anna , Gorsky Eugene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we construct a new basis for the cyclotomic completion of the center of the quantum $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

in terms of the interpolation Macdonald polynomials. Then we use a result of Okounkov to provide a dual basis with respect to the quantum Killing form (or Hopf pairing). The main applications are: 1) cyclotomic expansions for the $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

Reshetikhin–Turaev link invariants and the universal $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

knot invariant; 2) an explicit construction of the unified $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

invariants for integral homology 3-spheres using universal Kirby colors. These results generalize those of Habiro for $$\mathfrak {sl}_2$$

sl
2

. In addition, we give a simple proof of the fact that the universal $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

invariant of any evenly framed link and the universal $$\mathfrak {sl}_N$$

sl
N

invariant of any 0-framed algebraically split link are $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-invariant, where $$\Gamma =Y/2Y$$

Γ
=
Y
/
2
Y

with the root lattice Y.