bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credit unions, co-operatives, sustainability and accountability in a time of change
Authors: Kleanthous Akis , Paton Robert A. , Wilson Fiona M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe financial crisis of 2008 resulted in calls for change. Commentators suggested that co-operatives, in particular credit unions, could provide accountability and sustainability through their open governance and mutual status. However, such suggestions assumed that co-operative principles and practice continued to underpin the efficacy of co-operative banking, and that credit unions, one of the most prevalent forms of co-operative banking, could offer a viable financial alternative. Instead, in the case of Cyprus, the financial crisis and the associated aftershocks triggered the nationalisation and demutualisation of credit unions. This prompted the researchers to question both the viability of a co-operative banking future and the extent to which co-operative principles were shaping decision making, governance, accountability and sustainability. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was adopted to explore the degree to which co-operative principles still shaped credit union thinking and stakeholder relationships.FindingsAs is the case elsewhere within the co-operative movement, the findings point the fact that governance is weaken by the low membership participation and that the principles are no longer universally applied. Credit unions, if not co-operative banking, may not offer the financial assurances that commentators have called for. Moreover, the guiding principles may no longer be embedded within the fabric of the movement.Practical implicationsFindings are important for practitioners/supervisory body as they highlight possible impacts on co-operative’ future and especially on their governance model and level of autonomy and independence in case of state intervention.Originality/valueThe research undertaken is original as it is the first time credit unions in Cyprus were examined for adherence to co-operative principles.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to workplace exercise participation
Authors: Hunter Jayden R. , Gordon Brett A. , Bird Stephen R. , Benson Amanda C. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Workplace exercise programmes have been shown to increase employee participation in physical activities and improve health and fitness in the short-term. However, the limited breadth of employee engagement across organisations combined with declining exercise adherence within individual studies indicates a need for better-informed programmes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between employee moderate-vigorous physical activity (exercise) participation and their perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement in onsite exercise, to inform the design and implementation of future workplace exercise interventions.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey identified employee demographics, exercise (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), perceived barriers (Corporate Exercise Barriers Scale) and facilitators to exercise at an Australian university.

Findings
Of the 252 full-time employees who responded, most reported meeting (43.7 per cent) or exceeding (42.9 per cent) exercise guidelines over the previous week. A lack of time or reduced motivation (p<0.001), exercise attitude (p<0.05), internal (p<0.01) and external (p<0.01) barriers towards workplace exercise participation were all associated with failure to attain government-recommended volumes of weekly exercise. Personal training (particularly for insufficiently active employees) and group exercise classes were identified as potential exercise facilitators. Walking, gym (fitness centre), swimming and cycling were identified as the preferred modes of exercise training.

Practical implications
Employees not meeting recommended volumes of exercise might require additional support such as individualised gym and cycling programmes with personal supervision to overcome reported exercise barriers to improve exercise participation, health and fitness.

Originality/value
This study identifies specific barriers and facilitators to workplace exercise participation perceived by university employees. These findings can be used to inform the design and implementation of workplace exercise programmes aiming to achieve wider workplace engagement and greater exercise adherence, particularly of less active employees.
Worse-off than others? Abusive supervision’s effects in teams
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gao Zhonghua , Liu Yonghong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how relative abusive supervision (i.e. team member’s perceived abusive supervision as compared with the team mean) influences team member’s job attitudes through the mediating role of relative leader–member exchange. This study also explores the cross-level moderating roles of team-level abusive supervision and team-level leader–member exchange (LMX) in the process.Design/methodology/approachThis study used two-wave data from 1,479 employees in 145 work teams, and tested a cross-level moderated mediation model using multilevel structural equation modeling.FindingsResults demonstrate that the negative indirect effects of relative abusive supervision on job satisfaction and team affective commitment through relative LMX are stronger when team-level abusive supervision is low rather than high.Originality/valueIntegrating LMX theory with a relative deprivation perspective, this study conceptualizes and operationalizes relative abusive supervision, develops an individual-within-group model of abusive supervision’s consequences in teams and demonstrates a cross-level moderating effect of team-level abusive supervision in buffering relative abusive supervision’s negative consequences.
Responses of ant communities to disturbance: Five principles for understanding the disturbance dynamics of a globally dominant faunal group
Authors: Andersen Alan N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEcological disturbance is fundamental to the dynamics of biological communities, yet a conceptual framework for understanding the responses of faunal communities to disturbance remains elusive. Here, I propose five principles for understanding the disturbance dynamics of ants—a globally dominant faunal group that is widely used as bioindicators in land management, which appear to have wide applicability to other taxa.These principles are as follows: (1) The most important effects of habitat disturbance on ants are typically indirect, through its effects on habitat structure, microclimate, resource availability and competitive interactions; (2) habitat openness is a key driver of variation in ant communities; (3) ant species responses to disturbance are to a large degree determined by their responses to habitat openness; (4) the same disturbance will have different effects on ants in different habitats, because of different impacts on habitat openness; and (5) ant community responses to the same disturbance will vary according to ant functional composition and biogeographical history in relation to habitat openness.I illustrate these principles using results primarily from studies of ant responses to fire, a dominant agent of disturbance globally, to provide a common disturbance currency for comparative analysis.I argue that many of the principles also apply to other faunal groups and so can be considered as general ecological “laws.” As is the case for ants, many impacts of habitat disturbance on other faunal groups are fundamentally related to habitat openness, the effects of disturbance on it and the functional composition of species in relation to it.
Explaining the variability in the response of annual eusocial insects to mass‐flowering events
Authors: Hovestadt Thomas , Mitesser Oliver , Poethke Achim , Holzschuh Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Empirical studies of annual eusocial insects in agricultural landscapes report contrasting findings with regard to colony responses to mass‐flowering of crops such as oilseed rape. In particular, total sexual production is often unaffected by such events, whereas worker number responds with a prominent increase.

To resolve these conflicting observations, we model—using an established approach—the expected change in worker and sexual numbers in response to an increased worker productivity induced by mass‐flowering events at different times of the season.

We find that the predicted response pattern is mainly shaped by the degree to which individual worker productivity is reduced by an increasing number of workers in the colony. Different environmental conditions and colony characteristics result in different levels of interference of workers, for example, during foraging or nest construction. Reduction in individual productivity is low, when worker interference is negligible (“weak limitation”) and high when an increasing number of workers substantially decreases per‐capita efficiency (“strong limitation”). For weak limitation, any mass‐flowering event that ends before the production of sexuals starts has a strong multiplicative impact on both worker and sexual numbers. The magnitude of the effect is quite independent of the precise timing of such an event. After the onset of sexual production, mass‐flowering has a weaker effect, as the added resource supply is only linearly transferred into production of additional sexuals.

For colonies under strong limitation, the predicted impact of mass‐flowering events is generally weaker, especially on the production of sexuals, and the timing of mass‐flowering events becomes more influential: Production of sexuals profits more from late than from early mass‐flowering events. Consequently, early mass‐flowering events are predicted to have a prominent effect on worker numbers but a negligible one on the output of sexuals.

The model presented provides a mechanistic explanation of why increased worker abundances do not necessarily translate into increased production of sexuals. The model is also applicable to other eusocial insects such as paper wasps whenever brief pulses of massive resource availability shortly elevate resource intake rates above the “normal” levels.
Enzymatic extract from flowers of Algerian spontaneous Cynara cardunculus: Milk‐clotting properties and use in the manufacture of a Camembert‐type cheese
Authors: Zikiou Abdellah , Zidoune Mohammed Nasreddine 
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the coagulant properties of crude extract from cardoon flowers (CECF) as a replacement for the imported coagulants used in the local Algerian cheese factories. Optimal coagulation activity of the extract was observed at pH 5 and 60 °C with a CaCl2 concentration of 0.02 M. The electrophoretic pattern revealed that the crude extract contains mainly cardosins A and B. The study of interactions involved in the formation of milk gel coagulated by CECF showed that hydrogen forces, hydrophobic interactions and calcium bridges contributed highly to the formation of milk gel. Camembert‐type cheese obtained by CECF was judged by trained panellists and was found to be in agreement with standard specifications. The present study highlights the possibility of using Algerian CECF as a promising plant coagulant in cheesemaking for the dairy industry.
Migration patterns, family functioning, and life satisfaction among migrant children in China: A mediation model
Authors: Yuan Xiaojiao , Zhuo Ran , Li Gendao 
Published: October 2018

There are three distinct patterns of migration among Chinese migrant children: whole‐family, single‐parent‐first, and both‐parents‐first migration. This study investigated the life satisfaction of children who migrated under the different migration patterns and examined the mediating role of family functioning in the relationship between the children's migration patterns and their life satisfaction. Participants consisted of migrant children (N = 703) from primary and junior middle schools in Chengdu, China. The results showed that (a) migrant children from the whole‐family and single‐parent‐first patterns of migration reported greater life satisfaction than did those from the both‐parents‐first pattern, and (b) family functioning partially mediated the association between migration patterns and life satisfaction. The present study highlights the importance of avoiding separation of children from both parents during migration and the need to develop interventions for migrant children's psychological adaptation by improving their families’ functioning.
The vitreopapillary interface in healthy and glaucoma: posterior vitreous detachment in the vitreopapillary interface study
Authors: Willekens Koen , Abegão Pinto Luìs , Lemmens Sophie , Bataillie Sophie , Somers Alix , Vandewalle Evelien , Stalmans Peter , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the vitreopapillary interface (VPI) in health and glaucoma according to the different stages of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) formation.MethodsProspective single centre study including healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. PVD staging was performed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Gender, age, lens status and refractive error were assessed in both groups. Glaucoma patients additionally had a comprehensive ophthalmological investigation including intraocular pressure measurement, visual field testing and confocal imaging of the optic nerve head.ResultsData on 523 subjects (993 eyes) were included from the VPI study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02290795) database (493 eyes of 258 healthy subjects and 500 eyes of 265 glaucoma patients). Healthy subjects were significantly younger than primary open angle glaucoma patients (59.7 ± 14.81 versus 70.0 ± 10.78 years, p < 0.001), but were otherwise matched for refractive error and gender. Significantly more glaucomatous eyes were pseudophakic (26.6% versus 5.1%). Including only phakic nonoperated eyes from subjects between 50 and 80 years old decreased the age difference between healthy and open angle glaucoma (64.1 ± 8.0 versus 65.9 ± 6.7 years, p = 0.051). Comparing these subgroups rendered similar average ages for PVD stages 0 and 4, in contrast to the significant older age for the glaucoma subgroup in stage 1 (64.1 ± 6.01 versus 61.4 ± 8.38 years, p < 0.001) and a trend towards significance in stage 3 (70.8 ± 69.8 versus 67.5 ± 5.92 years, p = 0.051).ConclusionThe VPI study is a large clinical trial investigating the VPI in health and glaucoma. A subset of glaucoma patients seems to experience stages 1–3 of PVD formation at older age compared to healthy subjects.
Visual acuity and amblyopia prevalence in 11‐ to 12‐year‐old Danish children from the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000
Authors: Hansen Mathias Hvidtfelt , Munch Inger Christine , Li Xiao Qiang , Skovgaard Anne Mette , Olsen Else Marie , Larsen Michael , Kessel Line 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prevalence of amblyopia and associated biometric factors in Danish children.MethodsDetermination of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS charts, non‐cycloplegic subjective refractioning guided by automated refractometry, axial length and corneal curvature, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1335 children from the population‐based Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 (CCC2000) Eye Study. Birth data were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age of children was 11.7 (±0.4) years, and 47% were boys. Amblyopia prevalence was 1.5 (95% CL 0.8–2.2) %. Unilateral amblyopic eyes [BCVA < 80 ETDRS letters (0.8 snellen) and ≥2 lines difference between the eyes] was 0.6 (95% CL 0.3–1.0) mm shorter, 1.34 (95% CL 0.30–2.37) D more hyperopic and had 0.79 (95% CL 0.14–1.44) D more astigmatism compared with fellow eyes. Compared with the right eyes of the non‐amblyopic children, unilateral amblyopic eyes were 1.0 (95% CL 0.5–1.6) mm shorter, 2.48 (95% CL 1.11–3.86) D more hyperopic, 1.09 (95% CL 0.43–1.75) D more astigmatic and had a 47 (95% CL 13–81) μm thicker subfoveal choroid.ConclusionAmblyopia was found in 1.5% of Danish children born 22 years after the inception of the nationwide preschool visual screening programme. Amblyopia was associated with anisometropia, astigmatism, a thicker subfoveal choroid and a history of childhood strabismus.
Laser pointer maculopathy – on the rise?
Authors: Torp‐Pedersen Tobias , Welinder Lotte , Justesen Birgitte , Christensen Ulrik Correll , Solborg Bjerrum Søren , La Cour Morten , Saunte Jon Peiter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo report symptoms and ocular pathology in 13 patients exposed to light from laser pointers.MethodsWe conducted a multi‐centre consecutive case series from eight ophthalmology departments.ResultsEleven boys aged 9–15 years and two girls aged 7 (sister of one of the aforementioned boys) and 12 years, respectively, were included. Laser wavelengths were 572 nm (green), 450 nm (blue), and red laser of unknown wavelength. Output powers were between 5 and 5000 mW. Evaluation included slit lamp examination, colour fundus photography (CFP), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). All subjects complained of unilateral vision loss. Initial visual acuities in exposed eyes ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 Snellen equivalent or better. Nine subjects showed pathology on CFP and OCT abnormalities. One subject had a macular hole, which closed after vitrectomy. Long‐term visual acuity ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 Snellen equivalent or better.ConclusionHigh‐powered laser pointers have become readily available on the internet, and they have the potential to induce lasting visual loss. More than half of the published laser pointer maculopathy cases since the first incidence in 1999 have been published in 2014–2017. We suspect that incidence of exposure and subsequent visual loss is rising, and we encourage national legislators to regulate this market.
Correlation between retinal vein occlusion and cancer – a nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Toft‐Petersen Anne Pernille , Muttuvelu Danson V. , Heegaard Steffen , Torp‐Pedersen Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo explore the association between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and incident cancer.MethodsAll Danish citizens with a first‐time diagnosis of RVO and no previous diagnosis of cancer in the period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2014 were included. Five likewise cancer‐free, age‐ and gender‐matched controls were included in a control cohort. All were followed up for 5 years or until either first diagnosis of cancer or death. Proportional hazards models with adjustment for age, gender, year of diagnosis and covariates and death as competing risk were used to estimate the risk of being diagnosed with cancer.ResultsThere were 7963 RVO patients without cancer at the time of diagnosis, and all could be matched to likewise cancer‐free controls. Half of RVO patients were male, and the median age at RVO diagnosis was 70 years (61–79). The control cohort was similar in terms of gender and age. The risk of cancer within 1 year was 1.8 among RVO patients and 1.5 among controls. The crude risk of cancer was 1.22 (1.11;1.34) and upon full adjustment 1.15 (1.05;1.27). No time dependency was detected, and the types of cancer developed in RVO patients and controls were similar.ConclusionRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with cancer. This risk is likely to reflect shared risk factors rather than a causal association.
Evaluation of vision screening in five‐ to eight‐year‐old children living in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden – a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Gyllencreutz Emelie , Chouliara Anna , Alibakhshi Afsaneh , Tjörnvik Mathias , Aring Eva , Andersson GröZ Marita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the current vision screening criteria regarding amblyopia and refractive errors, with emphasis on screening limits and retesting, in Region Västra Götaland (VGR), Sweden. Visual acuity (VA) screening is performed by nurses at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in 4‐year‐old children and at school in 6‐ or 7‐year‐old children. Children with VA <0.65 (>0.19 logMAR) at either eye are referred. If VA is 0.65 in one or both eyes, a retest is performed by nurses at PHCs and schools, the children are then referred if VA is <0.8 (>0.10 logMAR).MethodsWe included all children aged ≥5 and <8 years referred between October 2014 and June 2015 from PHCs and schools to the four eye clinics in VGR, with VA ≥0.65 in one or both eyes. At the eye clinic, children underwent assessment of VA, refraction in cycloplegia, eye motility, cover test, stereo test and a slit lamp examination.ResultsAmong the 259/295 children (139 female) participating, median age was 5.7 years (5.0–7.8 years) at referral. Glasses were prescribed due to subnormal VA with refractive errors in 20% of the children, 22% displayed heterophoria, none had heterotropia and one younger child had amblyopia. Accurate retesting gave fewer false‐positive referrals.ConclusionOur results showed that a vision screening referral cut‐off limit of VA <0.65 would leave undetected refractive errors. Residual amblyopia was uncommon. Accurate referral criteria, retesting and training of those performing the screening as well as re‐evaluation of the screening programme are all important.
A comparative study of ammonia transport across ruminal epithelia from Bos indicus crossbreds versus Bos taurus
Authors: Rabbani Imtiaz , Braun Hannah‐Sophie , Akhtar Tasneem , Liebe Franziska , Rosendahl Julia , Grunau Martin , Tietjen Uwe , Masood Saima , Kaessmeyer Sabine , Günzel Dorothee , Rehman Habib , Stumpff Friederike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAbsorption of ammonia from the rumen of cattle decreases nitrogen availability for fermentational protein synthesis, leading to increased competition of cattle with humans for protein and enhancing the release of toxic nitrogenous compounds into the environment. Given that differences in feeding and breeding might induce differences in ruminal ammonia transport, we compared electrophysiological, histological, and molecular biological characteristics of ruminal epithelia of Bos indicus crossbreds (Sahiwal‐Mix, SWM) with those of Bos taurus (Holstein‐Friesian, HF). As in HF, the stratified cornified epithelium of SWM expressed claudin 1 and 4. Measurements of ammonia flux (HF) and serosal pH (both breeds) suggested that at a mucosal pH of 6.4, net transport primarily occurred as NH4+. As shown previously for HF, NH4+ induced a concentration‐dependent rise in short circuit current (Isc) in SWM that could be further stimulated by the TRP channel agonist menthol. Relative mRNA expression levels for TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM6, and TRPM7 were significantly lower in SWM than in HF, with TRPA1 expression near the limit of detection. We conclude that uptake of ammonia from the rumen of both breeds occurs electrogenically as NH4+ with functional and molecular biological evidence pointing towards involvement of TRPV3 and TRPV4.