bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PBLDAN TAITERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWAKELAS VII SMP NEGERI 47 BATAM
Authors: Ratnasari Devi , Yulia Putri 
Published: February 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Efektifitas model pembelajaran PBL terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. (2) Efektifitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. (3) Perbedaan keefektifan model pembelajaran PBL dan kooperatif tipe TAI terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain Posttest Only Control design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMPN 47 Batam kelas VII tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling.Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu ekperimen 1 kelas VII2 dan eksperimen 2 kelas VII1. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.Uji prasyarat meliputi uji normalitas menggunakan Kolmogorof Smirnov dan uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Levene. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sampel berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal dan mempunyai variansi yang homogen. Uji keseimbangan rata-rata kelas sampel menggunakan uji t dua pihak diperoleh bahwa kedua kelas mempunyai kemampuan awal yang sama. Pengujian hipotesis 1 dan 2 menggunakan one sample t-test dengan nilai signifikan 0,028 dan 0,000 karena 0,05 maka dipeoleh model pembelajaran PBL dan kooperatif tipe TAI efektif terhadapa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Pengujian hipotetsis 3 menggunakan Independent sample t-test dengan nilai signifikan 0,047 karena 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan keefektivan model pembelajaran PBL dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 47 Batam.Kata Kunci: PBL, TAI dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN
Authors: BAHRI SYAIFUL 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of good corporate governance, profitability, liquidity, free cash flow, firm size, leverage, collateral assets, and institutional ownership of dividend policy. The research population of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013 until 2015. The sample of research by using purposive sampling of the research sample selection of 47 manufacturing companies within 3 years and with the number of units of analysis as much as 141.
The results show that good corporate governance, liquidity, free cash flow, leverage, collateral assets, and institutional ownership have no effect on dividend policy. Profitability and firm size affect the dividend policy effect on dividend policy.
Evaluasi Pengelolaan Retribusi
Authors: Fajarwati Diana 
Published: February 2019

Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk (1) mengevaluasi apakah retribusi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang Kota Bekasi telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Daerah yang berlaku, (2) untuk mengevaluasi apakah penerimaan retribusi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang Kota Bekasi telah memenuhi target yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah daerah, (3) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab atau kendala yang terjadi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang Kota Bekasi dalam kaitan penerimaan retribusi.
Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode deskriptif evaluatif dengan paradigma kualitatif. Metode penelitian deskriptif bermaksud untuk menguraikan sifat atau karakteristik suatu fenomena tertentu.
Retribusi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang di Kota Bekasi telah dilaksanakan sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Daerah yang berlaku. yaitu sesuai dengan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 09 Tahun 2012 tentang Retribusi Daerah. Pada tahun 2014 dan Tahun 2015 penerimaan retribusi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang di Kota Bekasi belum memenuhi target yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah daerah, begitu juga pada tahun 2016 diprediksi tidak memenuhi target. Faktor-faktor penyebab atau kendala tidak tercapainya target penerimaan retribusi pada pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang di Kota Bekasi dipengaruhi oleh (1) Kenaikan target penerimaan retribusi tidak dibarengi dengan kenaikan tarif karcis, (2) Kenaikan jumlah obyek penerimaan retribusi tidak sepadan dengan kenaikan target. (3) Masih ada sebagian toko ada yang tutup. (3) Faktor cuaca.
Dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan penerimaan retribusi di pasar tradisional atau pasar rakyat Bantargebang di Kota Bekasi tetap berdasarkan hukum formal yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Daerah setempat. Target penerimaan retribusi pada Tahun 2014 ke tahun 2015 mengalami kenaikan 4% sedangkan pada tahun 2015 ke tahun 2016 terjadi lonjakan kenaikan yang sangat signifikan sebesar 20% yang seharusnya dibarengi dengan kenaikan tarif retribusi, dan mengoptimalkan fasilitas yang disediakan oleh pemerintah agar diminati oleh pedagang. Perlu dikaji ulang atau direvisi tarif retribusi (karcis) yang tertera dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Daerah Nomor 09/2012 tentang Retribusi Daerah mengingat usia Peraturan Daerah tersebut telah masuk tahun ke 4
The Origin of Deep Acoustic Sources Associated with Solar Magnetic Structures
Authors: Kitiashvili I. N. , Kosovichev A. G. , Mansour N. N. , Wray A. A. , Sandstrom T. A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
It is generally accepted that solar acoustic (p) modes are excited by near-surface turbulent motions, in particular by downdrafts and interacting vortices in intergranular lanes. Recent analysis of Solar Dynamics Observatory data by Zhao et al. (2015) revealed fast-moving waves around sunspots, which are consistent with magnetoacoustic waves excited approximately 5 Mm beneath the sunspot. We analyzed 3D radiative MHD simulations of solar magnetoconvection with a self-organized pore-like magnetic structure, and identified more than 600 individual acoustic events both inside and outside this structure. By performing a case-by-case study, we found that acoustic sources surrounding the magnetic structure are associated with downdrafts. Their depth correlates with downdraft speed and magnetic field strength. The sources often can be transported into deeper layers by downdrafts. The wave front shape, in the case of a strong or inclined downdraft, can be stretched along the downdraft. Inside the magnetic structure, excitation of acoustic waves is driven by converging flows. Frequently, strong converging plasma streams hit the structure boundaries, causing compressions in its interior that excite acoustic waves. Analysis of the depth distribution of acoustic events shows the strongest concentration at 0.2–1 Mm beneath the surface for the outside sources and mostly below 1 Mm inside the magnetic region, that is, deeper than their counterparts outside the magnetic region.
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. I. Survey Overview and a Catalog of >2000 Galaxy Clusters at z ≃ 1
Authors: Gonzalez Anthony H. , Gettings Daniel P. , Brodwin Mark , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Stanford S. A. , Wylezalek Dominika , Decker Bandon , Marrone Daniel P. , Moravec Emily , O’Donnell Christine , Stalder Brian , Stern Daniel , Abdulla Zubair , Brown Gillen , Carlstrom John , Chambers Kenneth C. , Hayden Brian , Lin Yen-ting , Magnier Eugene , Masci Frank J. , Mantz Adam B. , McDonald Michael , Mo Wenli , Perlmutter Saul , Wright Edward L. , Zeimann Gregory R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), a search for galaxy clusters at 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.5 based upon data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. MaDCoWS is the first cluster survey capable of discovering massive clusters at these redshifts over the full extragalactic sky. The search is divided into two regions—the region of the extragalactic sky covered by Pan-STARRS (δ > −30°) and the remainder of the southern extragalactic sky at δ < −30° for which shallower optical data from the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey is available. In this paper, we describe the search algorithm, characterize the sample, and present the first MaDCoWS data release—catalogs of the 2433 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–Pan-STARRS region and the 250 highest amplitude detections in the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region. A total of 1723 of the detections from the WISE–Pan-STARRS sample have also been observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope, providing photometric redshifts and richnesses, and an additional 64 detections within the WISE–SuperCOSMOS region also have photometric redshifts and richnesses. Spectroscopic redshifts for 38 MaDCoWS clusters with IRAC photometry demonstrate that the photometric redshifts have an uncertainty of σ

z
/(1 + z) ≃ 0.036. Combining the richness measurements with Sunyaev–Zel’dovich observations of MaDCoWS clusters, we also present a preliminary mass–richness relation that can be used to infer the approximate mass distribution of the full sample. The estimated median mass for the WISE–Pan-STARRS catalog is

, with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich data confirming that we detect clusters with masses up to M
500 ∼ 5 × 1014
M
⊙ (M
200 ∼ 1015
M
⊙).
How the Coherent Tides Obstruct the Radial Infalls of Satellite Galaxies onto Clusters
Authors: Lee Jounghun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Direct numerical evidence for the obstructing effect of the coherent tides on the infall-zone satellites around the cluster halos is presented. Analyzing the numerical data from a high-resolution N-body simulation, we calculate the mean fractions of the radial and tangential velocities of the infall-zone satellites around the cluster halos and investigate if and how they depend on the tidal coherence defined as the alignments between the major principal axes of the local tidal fields smoothed on the linear and nonlinear scales. It is found that the infall-zone satellites located in the regions with higher tidal coherence have significantly smaller and larger mean fractions of the radial and tangential velocities, respectively, which indicates that the radial infall of satellites onto host clusters are obstructed by the coherent tides. We also show that those satellites separated by shorter distances from the host clusters, having lower masses and embedded in the anisotropic large-scale environments like filaments and sheets, are more vulnerable to the obstructing effect of the coherent tides.
La masculinisation des naissances. État des lieux et des connaissances
Authors: Guilmoto Christophe Z. 
Published: February 2019

La masculinisation des naissances est un phénomène récent lié à la sélection prénatale en fonction du sexe. Cet article fait le point sur l’état de la recherche récente à propos des déséquilibres de sexe à la naissance, ses mécanismes, ses déterminants et ses implications à venir. Les mécanismes qui affectent le rapport de masculinité à la naissance sont présentés en soulignant les facteurs liés à la discrimination sexuelle. Les chiffres disponibles fournissent un tableau des déséquilibres à la naissance depuis les années 1980 dans différents pays d’Asie et d’europe orientale. on observe également de grandes disparités dans la masculinité des naissances entre rangs de naissance, régions et groupes sociaux, qui s’expliquent avant tout par la conjonction de trois phénomènes : la préférence pour les enfants de sexe masculin héritée des systèmes socio-familiaux, l’émergence de technologies reproductives permettant la sélection prénatale, et la baisse de la fécondité qui accentue les risques de progéniture sans garçon. Les travaux récents analysent également les conséquences démographiques de cette masculinisation des naissances sur la composition future de la population des pays concernés et explorent l’ajustement potentiel des systèmes sociaux à ces déséquilibres, alors que les réponses politiques à la discrimination prénatale semblent assez peu efficaces. Quelques-unes des principales pistes de recherche à venir sont examinées.
Optical Performance Measurement and Night Driving Simulation of ReSTOR, ReZoom, and Tecnis Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye
Authors: Choi Junoh , Schwiegerling Jim 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To measure the optical properties of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) for different pupil sizes.

Methods:
An artificial eye was fabricated that had both the average spherical aberration and chromatic aberration levels found in the human eye. This model eye contained a saline-filled wet cell into which various IOLs can be mounted. Pupil sizes of 3 and 6 mm were explored with the system. Using the model eye, the following IOLs were examined: Alcon ReSTOR apodized diffractive, AMO ReZoom zonal refractive, and Tecnis ZM900 full-aperture diffractive. The modulation transfer function (MTF) for the lenses was calculated. The model eye was also used as a portable device to photograph nighttime driving scenes.

Results:
For 3-mm pupils, the apodized and full-aperture diffractive IOLs balance contrast between near and distance vision, whereas the zonal refractive IOL performs poorly for near vision. For 6-mm pupils, the apodized diffractive shifts performance from near vision to distance vision, whereas the zonal refractive and full-aperture diffractive IOLs continue to balance performance between distance and near. Subjectively, the night driving photographs showed much more stray light artifacts for the zonal refractive and the full-aperture and apodized diffractive IOLs.

Conclusions:

Under dark conditions, the shift of optical performance of the apodized diffractive lens towards distance vision reduces artifacts that appear under night driving conditions. These artifacts remain for the zonal refractive and full-aperture diffractive lenses. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:218–222.]
Long-term Experience With Mixing and Matching Refractive Array and Diffractive CeeOn Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Gunenc Uzeyir , Celik Lider 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To compare visual performance of the refractive Array SA40N and the diffractive CeeOn 811E multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to evaluate the potential benefits of combining both multifocal IOLs in the same patient.

Methods:
Two groups of cataract patients were unilaterally implanted with either the CeeOn diffractive (n=10) or the Array refractive multifocal IOL (n=10). Another group was bilaterally implanted with one of each multifocal IOLs (mix & match group, n=10). Visual acuity, spectacle independence, depth of focus, contrast sensitivity, presence of photic phenomena, and patient satisfaction were assessed postoperatively.

Results:
All eyes achieved good distance visual acuity but better uncorrected near vision was achieved with the CeeOn diffractive design. Contrast sensitivity with either multifocal IOL was at the lower limit of the normal range but when multifocal IOLs were combined in the same patient, contrast sensitivity was not significantly different from phakic controls. Defocus curves revealed a superiority of CeeOn diffractive design for near and Array refractive design for intermediate but mix & match patients performed better overall than the other patients, particularly for intermediate distances, which was reflected by total independence from spectacles in 90% of patients compared to 60% in the other groups. Visual outcomes remained unchanged over time (1 month vs 6 month vs >3 years).

Conclusions:

Bilateral implantation with a diffractive multifocal IOL in one eye and a refractive multifocal IOL in the fellow eye is safe and could provide patients with better intermediate vision, increased depth of focus and contrast sensitivity, and also less dependence on spectacles. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:233–242.]
Refractive Lens Exchange With the Diffractive Multifocal Tecnis ZM900 Intraocular Lens
Authors: Goes Frank Joseph 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after refractive lens exchange followed by bilateral implantation of the multifocal Tecnis intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods:
This prospective case series involved 59 eyes of 30 patients aged 56±8 years. Fifty-seven eyes were hyperopic (+3.52±1.80 diopters [D]) and 2 eyes were myopic (−1.12±0.53 D). Near, intermediate, and distance visual acuities were assessed at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. At last follow-up, patients were asked about their overall satisfaction, the occurrence of photic phenomena, difficulties driving at night, and spectacle independence.

Results:

Six months after surgery and laser retreatment in 15 eyes, 90% of eyes achieved monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 or better (0.087±0.085 logMAR) and 100% of eyes could read J2 or better without correction, including 90% of eyes achieving J1 or better (0.133±0.095 logMAR). Evaluation of visual performance at 1 month versus 6 months (n=44 eyes, no retreatment) revealed a considerable improvement of the uncorrected (0.175±0.122 vs 0.127±0.094 logMAR;
P
=.005) and distance-corrected (0.099±0.057 vs 0.068±0.031 logMAR;
P
=.001) near visual acuity whereas mean refractive errors and distance visual acuity remained unchanged. Overall, 96.4% of patients were very satisfied with the procedure and would choose the same lens again. The majority of patients (92.8%) were totally free from spectacles with only 7.2% occasionally wearing glasses for intermediate tasks.

Conclusions:

The multifocal Tecnis ZM900 IOL provides good distance and near vision after refractive lens exchange and a period of neuroadaptation. However, laser vision correction might be required to achieve emmetropia as well as spectacles to achieve good intermediate vision. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:243–250.]
Intermediate Vision and Reading Speed With Array, Tecnis, and ReSTOR Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Hütz Werner W. , Eckhardt Heinz B. , Röhrig; Bernd , Grolmus Roman 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To retrospectively evaluate reading performance at intermediate distances of three types of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) under different light conditions based on reading acuity and reading speed tests.

Methods:

Thirty cataract patients (60 eyes) randomly assigned to receive the Array SA40N lens (n=20 eyes), the Tecnis ZM001 lens (n=20 eyes), and the ReSTOR lens (n=20 eyes) were retrospectively tested for their reading abilities at distances of 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm under low light conditions (6 cd/m
2
) and bright light conditions (100 cd/m
2
).

Results:
LogMAR distance-corrected acuity in dim (bright) light at 40 cm was 0.456 (0.363) (Array), 0.446 (0.293) (ReSTOR), and 0.299 (0.140) (Tecnis); at 60 cm, it was 0.417 (0.259) (Array), 0.448 (0.318) (ReSTOR), and 0.381 (0.121) (Tecnis); at 80 cm, it was 0.359 (0.195) (Array), 0.395 (0.245) (ReSTOR), and 0.373 (0.124) (Tecnis). Uncorrected reading speed (words/min) in dim (bright) light at 40 cm was 25 (69) (Array), 58 (138) (ReSTOR), and 110 (166) (Tecnis); at 60 cm, it was 65 (129) (Array), 58 (129) (ReSTOR), and 135 (173) (Tecnis); and at 80 cm, it was 59 (153) (Array), 79 (164) (ReSTOR), and 121 (176 (Tecnis).

Conclusions:

Our study indicates that Array, ReSTOR, and Tecnis IOLs provide functional intermediate vision in bright light. In dim light, however, the Tecnis IOL provides better uncorrected reading speed at intermediate distances than Array and ReSTOR IOLs. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:251–256.]
Wavefront-guided Excimer Laser Vision Correction After Multifocal IOL Implantation
Authors: Jendritza Bettina B. , Knorz Michael C. , Morton Steve 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the use of wavefront-guided LASIK after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation to correct residual ametropia and higher order aberrations.

Methods:
In a prospective, nonrandomized case series, wavefront-guided LASIK was performed in 27 eyes (19 patients) after multifocal IOL implantation (Tecnis diffractive IOL, n=20; ReSTOR diffractive IOL, n=4; ReZoom refractive IOL, n=3) using the VISX STAR S4 IR excimer laser. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, and wavefront error were examined pre- and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:

In the Tecnis group, results before (after) LASIK were: sphere +1.06±0.77 diopters (D) (−0.03±0.28 D;
P
=.0001), cylinder −1.13±0.73 D (−0.14±0.25 D;
P
=.00004), distance uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 20/45±0.09 (20/29±0.16;
P
=.00004), near UCVA 20/30±0.24 (20/25±0.16;
P
=.001), and higher order aberrations (4-mm pupil) 0.14±0.05 µm (0.18±0.03 µm;
P
=.02). Distance and near best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) did not change. In the ReSTOR group, results before (after) LASIK were: sphere +0.75±0.56 D (+0.13±0.22 D), cylinder −1.50±0.47 D (−0.13±0.22 D), distance UCVA 20/40±0.07 (20/26±0.07), near UCVA 20/44±0.05 (20/25±0.0), and higher order aberrations (4-mm pupil) 0.14±0.03 µm (0.20±0.02 µm). Distance and near BSCVA did not change. In the ReZoom group, results before (after) LASIK were: sphere +0.08±1.20 D (0.00 D), cylinder −0.83±0.120 D (0.00 D), distance UCVA 20/40±0 (20/25±0), near UCVA 20/60±0.09 (20/150±0.18), and higher order aberrations (4-mm pupil) 0.43±0.04 µm (0.39±0.03 µm). Patients lost one line of distance BSCVA and two lines of near BSCVA.

Conclusions:

Wavefront-guided LASIK is safe and effective in diffractive multifocal IOLs to correct residual refractive error, but higher order aberrations did not improve. It is not recommended in refractive multifocal IOLs, as these cannot be measured reliably with current wavefront sensors. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:274–279.]
Wavefront Measurements of Diffractive and Refractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in an Artificial Eye
Authors: Campbell Charles E. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To investigate whether wavefront measurements taken in eyes that have implanted multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) are reliable when creating laser refractive surgical treatments to remove residual refractive error from these eyes.

Methods:
A specially designed fluid-filled model eye holding a multifocal IOL was refracted using a commercial wavefront eye refractor. The wavefront findings were then compared to the expected refractive error. The fluid-filled model was designed to match the optical characteristics of a human eye and to hold the IOL at the same distance from the cornea as in a human eye. Lenses tested were AMO Tecnis ZM900 series (diffractive design, +25.00 D, +4.00 D add), AMO ReZoom NXG1 series (refractive design, 25.00 D, +4.00 D add), and AMO 811E (diffractive with aspheric design 25.00 D, +4.00 add). The visible pupil diameter was 5.75 mm.

Results:
Diffractive bifocal IOLs were found to create spot doubling in the Shack-Hartmann sensor image as expected from theoretical considerations. However, the residual sphere power and cylinder power reported were those expected. In addition, the higher order aberrations reported were reasonable in light of expected results. Refractive multifocal IOLs were found to create distorted Shack-Hartmann images as expected. The residual sphere power and cylinder power reported were not those expected nor were the higher order aberrations. In addition, the higher order values were sensitive to the position of the eye with respect to the refractor.

Conclusions:

Wavefront measurements from eyes with diffractive IOLs can be used, with caution, to plan laser refractive treatments. Wavefront measurements from eyes with refractive multifocal IOLs should not be used to plan post-implant laser refractive correction. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:308–311.]