bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing scale‐wise similarity of curves with a thick pen: As illustrated through comparisons of spectral irradiance
Authors: Hartikainen Saara M. , Jach Agnieszka , Grané Aurea , Robson Thomas Matthew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractForest canopies create dynamic light environments in their understorey, where spectral composition changes among patterns of shade and sunflecks, and through the seasons with canopy phenology and sun angle. Plants use spectral composition as a cue to adjust their growth strategy for optimal resource use. Quantifying the ever‐changing nature of the understorey light environment is technically challenging with respect to data collection. Thus, to capture the simultaneous variation occurring in multiple regions of the solar spectrum, we recorded spectral irradiance from forest understoreys over the wavelength range 300–800 nm using an array spectroradiometer. It is also methodologically challenging to analyze solar spectra because of their multi‐scale nature and multivariate lay‐out. To compare spectra, we therefore used a novel method termed thick pen transform (TPT), which is simple and visually interpretable. This enabled us to show that sunlight position in the forest understorey (i.e., shade, semi‐shade, or sunfleck) was the most important factor in determining shape similarity of spectral irradiance. Likewise, the contributions of stand identity and time of year could be distinguished. Spectra from sunflecks were consistently the most similar, irrespective of differences in global irradiance. On average, the degree of cross‐dependence increased with increasing scale, sometimes shifting from negative (dissimilar) to positive (similar) values. We conclude that the interplay of sunlight position, stand identity, and date cannot be ignored when quantifying and comparing spectral composition in forest understoreys. Technological advances mean that array spectroradiometers, which can record spectra contiguously over very short time intervals, are being widely adopted, not only to measure irradiance under pollution, clouds, atmospheric changes, and in biological systems, but also spectral changes at small scales in the photonics industry. We consider that TPT is an applicable method for spectral analysis in any field and can be a useful tool to analyze large datasets in general.
Giant coral reef fishes display markedly different susceptibility to night spearfishing
Authors: Pearse Alan R. , Hamilton Richard J. , Choat John Howard , Pita John , Almany Glenn , Peterson Nate , Hamilton Grant S. , Peterson Erin E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) are two of the largest, most iconic fishes of Indo‐Pacific coral reefs. Both species form prized components of subsistence and commercial fisheries and are vulnerable to overfishing. C. undulatus is listed as Endangered and B. muricatum as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We investigated how night spearfishing pressure and habitat associations affected both species in a relatively lightly exploited setting; the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We used fisheries‐independent data from underwater visual census surveys and negative binomial models to estimate abundances of adult C. undulatus and B. muricatum as a function of spearfishing pressure and reef strata. Our results showed that, in Kia, night spearfishing pressure from free divers had no measurable effect on C. undulatus abundances, but abundances of B. muricatum were 3.6 times lower in areas of high spearfishing pressure, after accounting for natural variations due to habitat preferences. It is likely the species’ different nocturnal aggregation behaviors, combined with the fishers’ use of night spearfishing by spot‐checking underpin these species’ varying susceptibility. Our study highlights that B. muricatum is extremely susceptible to night spearfishing; however, we do not intend to draw conservation attention away from C. undulatus. Our data relate only to the Kia fishing grounds, where human population density is low, the spot‐checking strategy is effective for reliably spearing large numbers of fish, particularly B. muricatum, and fisheries have only recently begun to be commercialized; such conditions are increasingly rare. Instead, we recommend that regional managers assess the state of their fisheries and the dynamics affecting the vulnerability of the fishes to fishing pressure based on local‐scale, fisheries‐independent data, where resources permit.
Proteomic analysis of human T cell‐derived exosomes reveals differential RAS/MAPK signaling
Authors: Azoulay‐Alfaguter Inbar , Mor Adam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived vesicles that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. More specifically, it has been shown that T cell‐derived exosomes can induce immunological responses; however, little is known about the mechanism and the molecular content of these vesicles. Here, we used a proteomic approach to characterize human T cell‐derived exosomes. We found that specific proteins of the RAS signaling pathway were enriched in exosomes derived from activated T cells, and that these vesicles induced ERK phosphorylation in recipient immune cells. Our findings support a mechanistic role of exosomes in cellular activation, and further studies should consider exosomes as a biomarker for inflammatory diseases.
Interference mitigation technique with coverage improvement in indoor VLC system
Authors: Shashikant  , Garg Parul , Sharma Prabhat Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe consider an indoor visible light communication system in which an arbitrary number of light‐emitting diodes are transmitting the information to the users. Due to the circular field of view of the light‐emitting diode transmitters, there is always a trade‐off between the coverage and interference at the receiving end. Any approach to increase the coverage area increases the overlapping area of two or more field of views resulting in severe interference at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a method that simultaneously reduces the interference due to multiple sources in an indoor visible light communication system and improves the coverage area. The signal‐to‐interference ratio (γSIR)–based approach is used for analyzing the outage and error performances. Specifically, the effect of the proposed method is investigated on various performance metrics such as signal‐to‐interference ratio, coverage probability, and bit error rate. The effect of ambient light on system performance is also incorporated in the analysis.
SDN‐based parallel link discovery in optical transport networks
Authors: Montero Rafael , Agraz Fernando , Pagès Albert , Perelló Jordi , Spadaro Salvatore 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe use of optical technologies in modern network scenarios has increased in the last decade, mostly due to their support in crucial networking topics (ie, bandwidth and scalability). In parallel, these scenarios have also experienced the emergence of a new paradigm recognized as software‐defined networking (SDN), which bases on the decoupling of forwarding and control functions, with aims to provide a more efficient way to manage network resources compared to legacy networking architectures. As both SDN and optical technologies are constantly being introduced in different networking scenarios (eg, data centers, metro, and access networks), their coexistence becomes a must. In this matter, it is important to notice that SDN was initially designed for electronic‐based networks; hence, its support for optical technologies is still at an early stage. Consequently, integration of both solutions still requires research efforts by the community. In this paper, we present a mechanism to address topology discovery in wavelength‐switching optical transport networks (OTNs). In particular, we discuss the importance of the topology discovery function and analyse the proposed mechanism, which bases itself on the use of wavelength‐specific signaling tones as link‐binding data to provide preservice parallel link discovery in OTNs. Furthermore, we validate the method experimentally against an emulated OTN testbed with two different setups and compare the results to our previous work on this subject, achieving substantial reductions in the total topology discovery time.
Extraction and purification of isochlorogenic acid C from Chrysanthemum morifolium using ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction and aqueous two‐phase system
Authors: Jiang Yuqi , Ning Zhunmei , Li Shuang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIonic liquid‐based ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (IL‐UAE) was developed to extract and separate the isochlorogenic acid C (ICGA) from a cultivar of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Chrysanthemummorifolium Ra Tnat.). The influencing parameters, including IL concentration, liquid‐to‐solid ratio, and ultrasonic time, were optimized using response surface methodology. Of the ILs studied, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide [(Bmim)Br] exhibited the best extraction ability. The optimized conditions included liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 23.44:1, ultrasonic time of 48.99 min, and IL concentration of 0.65 mol/L. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of ICGA could reach to 4.20 mg/g. An aqueous two‐phase system was applied for purification and separation of ICGA. The maximum extraction efficiency of 98.18% was obtained under the conditions of (NH4)2SO4 of 4.5 g, pH of 3.0, and a temperature of 20°C at aqueous solution. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the purification of ICGA from salt‐rich phase to IL‐rich phase was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The results indicated that the proposed system is simple, rapid, and effective to serve as a viable and sustainable platform for the extraction and purification of ICGA from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers.
Shifted balance of dorsal versus ventral striatal communication with frontal reward and regulatory regions in cannabis‐dependent males
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zimmermann Kaeli , Xin Fei , Scheele Dirk , Dau Wolfgang , Banger Markus , Weber Bernd , Hurlemann René , Kendrick Keith M. , Becker Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transition from voluntary to addictive behavior is characterized by a loss of regulatory control in favor of reward driven behavior. Animal models indicate that this process is neurally underpinned by a shift in ventral–dorsal striatal control of behavior; however, this shift has not been directly examined in humans. The present resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study employed a two‐step approach to: (a) precisely map striatal alterations using a novel, data‐driven network classification strategy combining intrinsic connectivity contrast with multivoxel pattern analysis and, (b) to determine whether a ventral to dorsal striatal shift in connectivity with reward and regulatory control regions can be observed in abstinent (28 days) male cannabis‐dependent individuals (n = 24) relative to matched controls (n = 28). Network classification revealed that the groups can be reliably discriminated by global connectivity profiles of two striatal regions that mapped onto the ventral (nucleus accumbens) and dorsal striatum (caudate). Subsequent functional connectivity analysis demonstrated a relative shift between ventral and dorsal striatal communication with fronto‐limbic regions that have been consistently involved in reward processing (rostral anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]) and executive/regulatory functions (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Specifically, in the cannabis‐dependent subjects, connectivity between the ventral striatum with the rostral ACC increased, whereas both striatal regions were uncoupled from the regulatory dorsomedial PFC. Together, these findings suggest a shift in the balance between dorsal and ventral striatal control in cannabis dependence. Similar changes have been observed in animal models and may promote the loss of control central to addictive behavior.
Repeated injection of KMRC011, a medical countermeasure for radiation, can cause adverse health effects in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Lee Hong‐Soo , Park Yoo‐Jin , Cho Doo‐Wan , Han Su‐Cheol , Jun Soo Youn , Jung Gi Mo , Lee Woo‐Jong , Choi Chi‐Min , Park Eun‐Jung , Pak Son‐Il 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh‐dose radiation‐induced tissue damage is a major limiting factor in the medical application of nuclear technology. Herein, we tested 28‐day repeated‐dose toxicity of KMRC011, an agonist of toll‐like receptor (TLR) 5, which is being developed as a medical countermeasure for radiation, using cynomolgus monkeys. KMRC011 (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg/day) was intramuscularly injected once daily for 4 weeks, and each two monkeys in both control and 0.04 mg/kg/day group were observed for an additional 2‐week recovery period. There were no dose‐related toxicological changes in mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmological findings, electrocardiographs, coagulation, serum chemistry, organ weights, or urinalysis and urine chemistry. Although treatment‐related changes, such as increased white blood cells, increased absolute and relative neutrophils, decreased relative lymphocytes and inflammatory lesions, were noted in the maximum dose group, these findings were not observed after the 2‐week recovery period. Further, we considered that the kidneys and heart may be target organs of TLR5 agonists, as well as the spleen, and that autophagic signals can be triggered in tissue damage and the repair process. Importantly, accumulation of p62 protein, an indicator of autophagy, and a decrease of caveolin‐1 protein, a regulator of TLR5 protein half‐life, were found in both tissues from the highest dose group. Therefore, we conclude that the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for KMRC011 may be greater than 0.04 mg/kg/day in male and female monkeys. Additionally, we propose that further studies are needed to identify the molecular signals, which are related to KMRC011‐induced adverse effects.
Hemostasis management and therapeutic plasma exchange: Results of a practice survey
Authors: Zantek Nicole D. , Boral Leonard I. , Li Yanhua , Yamada Chisa , Svensson Annika M. , Crane Jason E. , Smith Roy E. , Pagano Monica B. , Rollins‐Raval Marian A. , Schmidt Amy E. , Wong Edward C. C. , Wu Yanyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may present with risks for hemorrhage or thrombosis. Use of replacement fluids devoid of coagulation factors will decrease factor levels and platelet levels. There are no established guidelines for hemostasis management in these situations.Materials and methodsA survey to evaluate current hemostasis management practice during TPE was conducted using online survey software. One response per institution was analyzed based on a hierarchical algorithm, excluding membrane filtration users, resulting in a maximum of 107 respondents. Descriptive analysis was performed with results reported as the number and frequency (%) of respondents to each question.ResultsApheresis Medicine physicians, alone (59.4%) or jointly with the requesting provider (29.2%), choose the replacement fluid. Based on a theoretical patient case receiving five TPEs approximately every other day, the percent of respondents who would use albumin with or without normal saline was 94.7% with no history of a bleeding or clotting disorder, 1.1% with active bleeding, and 8.8% with hypofibrinogenemia (<100 mg/dL) due to recent TPE. More respondents would use albumin with or without normal saline for replacement fluid when a minor invasive procedure (49.5%) vs a major surgery (8.9%) was performed 1 day before TPE. Replacement fluid selection varied among respondents for several other clinical conditions. The most frequent use for cryoprecipitate by respondents (14.3%) was hypofibrinogenemia.ConclusionsThese survey results demonstrate wide interinstitutional variation in replacement fluid selection to manage hemostasis in patients undergoing TPE. Further studies are needed to guide optimal hemostasis management with TPE.
GPR177 promotes gastric cancer proliferation by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced cell death
Authors: Seo Jaesung , Lee Seung‐H. , Park Soo‐Y. , Jeong Mi‐H. , Lee Soo Y. , Kim Mi‐J. , Yoo Jung‐Y. , Jang Subhin , Choi Kyung‐C. , Yoon  Ho‐G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Despite the high incidence of gastric cancer, efficient chemotherapy treatments still need to be developed. In this study, we examined the anticancer effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin in gastric cancer. Previously, we found that overexpression of WLS1/GPR177 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, tunicamycin treatment downregulated GPR177 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. GPR177 transports WNT ligand from ER to the plasma membrane, mediating its secretion to the extracellular matrix. In gastric cancer cells, GPR177 preferentially localizes to the ER. Small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of GPR177 leads to sensitization to ER stress and induces apoptosis of cancer cells along with tunicamycin treatment. GPR177 suppression promoted the ER stress‐mediated proapoptotic pathway, such as PERK‐CHOP cascade. Furthermore, fluorouracil treatment combined with tunicamycin dramatically reduced cancer cell proliferation. Efficacy of tunicamycin chemotherapy treatments depended on GPR177 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. Together, our results indicate that ER stress can potentiate anticancer effects and suggest GPR177 as a potential gastric cancer therapeutic target.
No evidence for a major effect of three common polymorphisms of theGPx1,MnSOD, andCATgenes on PCOS susceptibility
Authors: Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Sohrabi Maryam , Jalili Faramarz , Jalili Parnian , Rezavand Negin , Haghnazari Lida , Jalili Cyrus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the prevalent endocrine‐metabolic disorders. It is proposed that oxidative stress contributes to PCOS susceptibility and its metabolic associations. The current study aimed to investigate the influence ofGPx1(rs1050450),MnSOD(rs4880), andCatalase(rs1001179) variants with PCOS susceptibility, for the first time.MethodsIn a case‐control study, 350 Kurdish female volunteers (175 PCOS patients and 175 healthy controls) from Western Iran were studied. Genotyping forGPx1andMnSODwere done using PCR‐RFLP and forCATthe allele‐specific PCR method was used.ResultsThe percentage of patients suffering from hirsutism, acne, and acanthosis among patients with PCOS were 44.6%, 30.3%, and 14.9%, respectively. Distribution of alleles among patients suffering from PCOS versus healthy women was ‘Pro’ (69.1% vs 68.8%) and ‘Leu’ (31.4% vs 31.2%) forGpx1, ‘Ala’ (61.43% vs 56.57%) and ‘Val’ (38.57% vs 43.43%) forMnSOD, and ‘C’ (83.43% vs 84.57%) and ‘T’ (16.57% vs 15.43%) forCAT.ConclusionGPx1(rs1050450),MnSOD(rs4880), andCAT(rs1001179) variants might not be a risk factor for PCOS.
Androgen receptor expression reduces stemness characteristics of prostate cancer cells (PC3) by repression of CD44 and SOX2
Authors: Srinivasan Deepa , Senbanjo Linda , Majumdar Sunipa , Franklin Renty B. , Chellaiah Meenakshi A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies have shown that a subgroup of tumor cells possess stemness characteristics having self‐renewal capacity and the ability to form new tumors. We sought to identify the plausible stemness factor that determines the “molecular signature” of prostate cancer (PCa) cells derived from different metastases (PC3, PCa2b, LNCaP, and DU145) and whether androgen receptor (AR) influences the maintenance of stemness features. Here we show sex‐determining region Y (SRY)‐box 2 (SOX2) as a putative stem cell marker in PC3 PCa cells and not in DU145, PCa2b, or LNCaP cells. PCa2b and PC3 cells were derived from bone metastases. PCa2b cells which are positive for the AR failed to demonstrate the expression of either cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) or SOX2. Knockdown (KD) of AR in these cells did not affect the expression of either CD44 or SOX2. Conversely, PC3 cells, which are negative for AR, expressed both CD44 and SOX2. However, the expression of AR downregulated the expression of both CD44 and SOX2 in PC3 cells. CD44 regulates SOX2 expression as KD of CD44 and reduces SOX2 levels considerably. SOX2 KD attenuated not only the expression of SNAIL and SLUG but also the migration and tumorsphere formation in PC3 cells. Collectively, our findings underscore a novel role of CD44 signaling in the maintenance of stemness and progression of cancer through SOX2 in AR‐independent PC3 cells. SOX2 has a role in the regulation of expression of SNAIL and SLUG. SOX2 could be a potential therapeutic target to thwart the progression of SOX2‐positive cancer cells or recurrence of androgen‐independent PCa.
Comparison of non‐volatile and volatile flavor compounds in six Pleurotus mushrooms
Authors: Yin Chaomin , Fan Xiuzhi , Fan Zhe , Shi Defang , Yao Fen , Gao Hong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐volatile and volatile flavor compounds of six Pleurotus mushrooms including Pleurotus citrinopileatus, P. cornucopiae, P. djamor, P. floridanus, P. ostreatus and P. sapidus were studied.RESULTSThe content of total free amino acids ranged from 21.80 to 40.60 g kg−1 and the content of monosodium glutamate (MSG)‐like amino acids ranged from 3.10 to 8.64 g kg−1. The content of total 5′‐nucleotides ranged from 4.16 to 8.80 g kg−1 while the content of flavor 5′‐nucleotides ranged from 2.00 to 4.51 g kg−1. Sixty‐three volatile compounds were identified in six Pleurotus mushrooms, including 17 aldehydes, 10 ketones, 14 alcohols, 2 ethers, 5 acids, 5 hydrocarbons, 10 heterocyclic and aromatic compounds. 1‐Octen‐3‐one and 1‐octen‐3‐ol were the key odor compounds in P. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. ostreatus, P. floridanus and P. sapidus, while 1‐octen‐3‐one, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and 2‐octenal were the key odor compounds in P. cornucopiae.CONCLUSIONPleurotus citrinopileatus had highest content of total free amino acids (40.60 g kg−1), total 5′‐nucleotides (8.80 g kg−1) and flavor 5′‐nucleotides (4.51 g kg−1) than other Pleurotus mushrooms. Moreover, eight‐carbon compounds were the most abundant compounds in six Pleurotus mushrooms. Our study should be helpful in promoting the cultivation and consumption of these Pleurotus mushrooms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of optimum harvest maturity and non‐destructive evaluation of pod development and maturity in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using a multiparametric fluorescence sensor
Authors: Tee Yei‐Kheng , Balasundram Siva K , Ding Phebe , M Hanif Ahmad Husni , Bariah Khairul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDA series of fluorescence indices (anthocyanin, flavonol, chlorophyll and nitrogen balance) were deployed to detect the pigments and colourless flavonoids in cacao pods of three commercial cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes (QH1003, KKM22 and MCBC1) using a fast and non‐destructive multiparametric fluorescence sensor. The aim was to determine optimum harvest periods (either 4 or 5 months after pod emergence) of commercial cacao based on fluorescence indices of cacao development and bean quality.RESULTSAs pod developed, cacao exhibited a rise with the peak of flavonol occurring at months 4 and 5 after pod maturity was initiated while nitrogen balance showed a decreasing trend during maturity. Cacao pods contained high chlorophyll as they developed but chlorophyll content declined significantly on pods that ripened at month 5.CONCLUSIONCacao pods harvested at months 4 and 5 can be considered as commercially‐ready as the beans have developed good quality and comply with the Malaysian standard on cacao bean specification. Thus, cacao pods can be harvested earlier when they reach maturity at month 4 after pod emergence to avoid germinated beans and over fermentation in ripe pods harvested at month 5. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry