bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Vortex Tubes in spot cooling
Authors: UdayaKumar R , Solanki Pankaj 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Spot Cooling is used in various industries for instant cooling of various gadgets, which are subjected to high temperatures due to ongoing operations. Due to the versatility of this design, with no moving parts, it is mobile, easy to use, and highly efficient when compared to other cooling mechanisms. The design was made on an Autodesk platform (Fusion360), and then transferred to a “Flow Analysis software” (Autodesk Flow Design) to analyze the temperature difference. Each part of the original design was altered; parameters were changed and given different materials in order to find an optimum result. The design is based on the principles listed by the scientists Ranque-HilscH. With the parameters entered, the net temperature difference was calculated along with the COP with regard to 5 bar of compressed air. Hence, the main objective of this design project is to be able to generate a product of increased mobility, economical production, value for money, and lower output temperatures than the existing products in this line of work. In this study, the materials used are of high stability in order to withstand the output temperatures.
Small Superimposed Radial Oscillations of an Arterial Tissue: Before and After Angioplasty
Authors: Arya Kriti , Kumar Deepak , Sarangi Somnath 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major topic in cardiovascular disease, wherein the arterial wall thickens and subsequent hardening is observed. Lumen size is reduced during this and thus the flow of blood is adversely affected. Angioplasty is a mechanical procedure to widen blocked arterial tissue. Expansion of the arterial wall during angioplasty causes some micro-damage and is the reason for a successful angioplasty. The proposed work shed some light in the context of angioplasty, by mimicking the arterial tissue as an incompressible, isotropic, and homogeneous damaged Demiray cylindrical material tube. It is noted that the in vivo oscillations of the arterial tissue is under the physiological loading domain. The effect of damage on the small superimposed radial oscillations of the Demiray tube is explored. The obtained results for the Demiray tube are interpreted with the clinical data of the existing literature. It is quantified that both the pressure and frequency ratio for the virgin and damaged arterial tissue, respectively, are more before angioplasty and vice-versa.
Numerical investigation on wave transmission characteristics of perforated and non-perforated pile breakwater
Authors: Rao Naveen , Suryanarayana Barimar Rao Pradeep , Nayak Kaushik , Kishor Pal Shashank , Hunasanahally Sathyanarayana Arunakumar , Suvarna Praveen , Umesh Pruthviraj 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dock operations, harbouring and many other port activities demand tranquil water condition. This makes breakwater structures more than essential in coastal engineering applications. For zero wave action, rubble mound or vertical wall breakwaters are used, and for small docks and shores, piles can be used as efficient breakwaters. The permeability of pile breakwaters also aides in keeping the shores clean as there is water circulation and keeps the interferences caused due to littoral drift to the minimum. Numerical study on the single row pile breakwater is carried out using an open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software REEF3D. Interaction of waves with non-porous pile breakwater is simulated in a three-dimensional numerical wave tank using REEF3D and resulted transmission coefficient is validated using the physical model studies as reported by Subba Rao et al. (1999). Further, the efficiency of porous piles over non-porous piles is studied by simulating wave conditions by varying wave height, wave period, water depth and percentage porosity of the piles. It has been observed from the present study that porous piles are more efficient in wave attenuation compared to non-porous piles. The reason is that perforations increase turbulence during wave interaction which results in a better wave attenuation.
Design and testing of autonomous irrigation controllers in commercial green houses to control the water consumption
Authors: Subin M.C. , Karthikeyan Ram , Periasamy C. , Udayakumar R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Water management is one of the major challenges while developing sustainable commercial greenhouses. Water is one of the most important resources for crop growth phase along with the nutrition on time. Since current global climatic conditions are not stable, the importance of commercial greenhouses is necessary to meet the pure fruit and vegetable requirements. Underdeveloped irrigation plans are normally leading to water stress, which may result in the decrease in yield and high operations cost to cope up the demand. Maintaining adequate soil water levels is mandatory for all the proper water growth. Automatic irrigation control system can drive an important role in water conservation and at the same time to serve the crop requirement on right time. Atomized irrigation control systems with a well-defined field devise equipped with sensors can maximize the effectiveness of the irrigation water management technology. An experimental setup of the automatic control system has been developed with the help of direct digital control(DDC) technology, and the same has been tested in cucumber greenhouse. This prototype has been developed with the help of a synchronization controller and a communication device to interact with the main climatic control system. A unique converter was developed and tested in cucumber greenhouses. Two algorithms for water control, i.e., a variable frequency drive based (VFD module) on-demand method and a required water calculation method, were programmed. The irrigation controller showed the ability to measure soil demands in real-time and to elicit irrigation at a customary value properly. The system performance for upholding soil rigidities based on this automatic controller was strongly affected by sunlight, whereas the water calculation method is providing a meek irrigation process deprived of recurrent irrigation.
Experimental Investigation and Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer in a Solar Still
Authors: Wadekar Taqdees , Kumar Dr K , Gulyani Dr B B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the design of a water distillation solar still that can purify and desalinate water from any source in an affordable, portable and sustainable manner. It attempts to efficiently produce clear water by solar energy conversion. Since, low productivity is of the limitation of the usage of such stills, this paper makes an attempt to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient of single slope basin type solar still by Simulation Analysis and checking the optimum conditions. A design prototype was constructed by studying the optimized configurations from various researchers. After carrying on the experiments, the effect of various parameters was evaluated. The parameters identified include temperatures, properties of inlet water, wind velocity and relative humidity. Simulation results were then compared to the experimental results at the obtained optimum conditions.
Numerical Modelling of Flow Boiling in Expanding Microchannel with Non-Uniform Heat Flux
Authors: Kumar Alugoju Uday , Manmode Rutuja , Dubey Satish K. , Javed Arshad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thermal management of high-power density electronic chips is vital for their safe operation and reliable performance. For efficient heat dissipation from electronic chip, liquid microchannel heat sink is preferred and is an effective option amongst the various available cooling technologies. In the recent past, flow boiling in microchannel has received considerable attention as an effective option for thermal management of high-power electronic devices. Flow boiling involves phase change and dissipates high heat fluxes for lower mass flow rate, when compared with single-phase flow. The commercial application of flow boiling microchannel for electronic cooling is hindered because of limited understanding of nonuniform wall temperature distribution, flow instabilities and flow reversal. In the recent past, more focus has been on numerical modelling and simulation of flow boiling in microchannel. In this work, numerical simulation of a 2D expanding microchannel heat sink with nonuniform heat flux has been considered and the simulations have been performed using ANSYS Fluent. Phase change heat transfer simulation has been performed using volume of fluid (VOF) model together with interfacial mass and energy transfer. The performance of expanding channel is then compared with the straight channel with similar heat flux distribution and the results are presented.
Is sustainability of light-harvesting and waveguiding systems a quantum phenomenon?
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
It is shown that sustainability is a universal quantum-statistical phenomenon, which occurs during propagation of electromagnetic waves inside different dissipative media, such as waveguides, metamaterials or biological tissues. For illustrative purposes, we show a simple yet instructive example of environment-assisted excitonic energy transfer in photobiological complexes, such as photosynthetic reaction centers or centers of melanogenesis inside living organisms or organelles. We demonstrate that this transfer must be both quantum and sustainable to simultaneously endure continuous energy transfer and keep their internal structure from destruction or critical instability. Besides, the environment-assisted evolution of a sustainable type significantly lowers the entropy and improves the speed and capacity of energy transfer. As another example, we demonstrate how this phenomenon of sustainability can manifest itself in a large class of human-controlled electromagnetic systems, such as optical couplers and amplifiers.
Experimental Comparative Study on Reduction in the Moisture Content of Cucumber in a Double Slope Solar Dryer with Open Sun Drying Method
Authors: Kumar Natarajan Sendhil , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Ponnusamy Sindhuja , Kavya Chowdary Velaga , Kumar Jitender , Rahul Darshanam , Agarwal Sandeep , Elavarasan E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a double slope natural convection based solar dryer was constructed at the terrace of the science block, NIT Puducherry, Karaikal. The reduction in the moisture content of the samples in the double slope natural convection based solar dryer was experimentally investigated for Karaikal climatic conditions (Karaikal, U.T of Puducherry, India; 10° 55’ N, 79° 52’ E). In order to investigate the green vegetable, cucumber was considered for this purpose. To compare the effect of double slope solar dryer on drying vegetables products, the same green vegetable, cucumber was also dried adjacent to the system by open sun drying process. Experiments were carried out from 10.30 am to 5.30 pm on 24th February 2018 to measure the dryer air temperature, surface temperatures, and the percentages of the wet basis moisture content are measured at regular intervals of every one hour. In the experiments, it was found that the developed double slope solar dryer removed the maximum wet basis moisture content of 93.93% from the cucumber sample and based on open sun drying method, 88.03% the wet basis moisture content is only removed. Also, at the end of the experiments (5.30 pm), the weight reduction achieved in open sun drying (75 grams) was achieved in the solar dryer by three and half hours prior to that. Thus, the rate of drying in solar dryer is more compare to the open sun drying. Thus, the developed solar dryer system can be effectively used for the purpose of drying the vegetable products.
On the Similarity of Area Targets and Shells Targets in Heat Exchanger Networks
Authors: Gulyani Bharat B , Pandya Nishant 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HEN) is an important field in process systems engineering, and considerable research efforts have been directed towards this goal in the past four decades. Many methodologies have been proposed to optimize the energy consumption in the process industries, with objectives of minimum utility consumption, minimum heat exchanger area, minimum number of heat exchange equipment, and minimum overall annualized cost. The strength of the Pinch Technology, the heuristics-based design and optimization method for HEN, lies in setting targets before the design. These targets, viz., area targets, units targets, shells targets, and total cost targets, are later used in arriving at optimal HEN. In the present paper, a new methodology has been presented which demonstrates the similarity of area targets and shells targets in an HEN employing multipass heat exchangers. Since area targets are inaccurate and fraught with uncertainties, it is pertinent to replace them with shells targets. Based on this, a design heuristics has been proposed for achieving optimal HEN.
Effects of using alcohols on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine
Authors: Deshmukh Sandip , Sai Ram G , Abhishek G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Addition of renewable alcohols to diesel is being investigated extensively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of such renewable alcohols. In this study, emissions and performance characteristics of alcohol/diesel blends were evaluated for a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine test rig. n-octanol and n-butanol were the alcohols considered. Experiments were conducted at different loads up to 4 kW and for alcohol contents from 10% to 40% by volume. The results indicated that the alcohol/diesel blends exhibited similar performance characteristics to that possessed by diesel. A slight drop in brake power was observed in all the blends compared to pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption increased in all alcohol blends at almost all the loads considered in the study. The emission analysis was also conducted using the AVL DI Test. The results revealed that CO and NO emissions decreased compared to pure diesel. However, HC emissions increased for n-butanol blends but they decreased in case of n-octanol blends. Results are a clear indication that these blends have an excellent potential and detailed investigations in real life conditions can lead to commercial usage.
Investigation of Various Parameters of Dual Fuel Engine Using Biomass Waste – Producer Gas as an Induced Fuel
Authors: Singh Harmanpreet , Kumar Mohapatra Saroj , Singh Kaler Mandeep 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Due to various shortcomings of the transmission of electricity in rural areas, the concept of rural electrification is gaining popularity these days. Many small-scale biomass-based gasifier-engine systems are installed in the villages in order to provide an uninterrupted and cheap supply of electricity for various kinds of everyday requirements. In the present work, an optimized downdraft biomass gasifier is used to produce the producer gas from three different biomass materials viz. Sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalks and wood chips. These biomass materials are used in two different combinations viz. 1:1 ratio of sugarcane bagasse & wood chips; 1:1 ratio of cotton stalks and wood chips. The composition of gas produced from both the samples shows that the cotton stalks and wood chips generate a gas with higher calorific value as compared to the one produced using sugarcane bagasse and wood chips. These gases are used to run a dual fuel CI engine. The comparative investigation of various parameters, i.e. performance, emission and noise characteristics of a modified dual fuel engine is done, by running the engine on pilot fuel mode as well as on dual fuel mode using two different samples of producer gas. The maximum diesel replacement of ∼54% is observed with a ∼5% loss in brake thermal efficiency in the case when cotton stalks and wood chips are used as raw materials. The NOx emissions were reduced by ∼70% with a slight increase of ∼3 dB in the noise levels of the engine.
Numerical simulation of road tunnel fires involving heavy goods vehicle with solid fuels
Authors: Singh Tomar Mukesh , Khurana Shashank 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The road tunnel fire is an emerging topic in literature and many key areas are still undiscovered. Road tunnel fires can be catastrophic and can result in a significant loss of human life and property. In literature various experimental and numerical studies are available on road tunnel fires. Most of these studies involved heavy goods vehicle with a combination of wooden/plastic pallets to represent fuel arrangement. The fire scenario of heavy goods vehicle with solid wooden/plastic fuel is not well studied. The burning behavior of pallets and solid blocks are different and hence the tunnel conditions would be different under fire in both these cases. This will result in a significant difference in key parameters such as heat release rates and temperature profiles inside the tunnel. To study these effects, full-scale fire tests are ideal and recommended, however, due to extremely high cost, downtime, and legal obligations it’s not always practical to conduct a full-scale fire test especially for road tunnels involving a heavy goods vehicle. In lieu of full-scale tests, numerical analyses are often used to understand these phenomena. This study focuses on studying the road tunnel fires involving heavy goods vehicle with solid fuels using CFD modelling in FDS (fire dynamic simulator). A pyrolysis model will be used to generate the anticipated heat in the tunnel. The kinetic properties of materials will be used in order to correctly calculate the pyrolysis rates of fuel. The findings of the heat release rate and lining temperature from the simulation will be compared with available results of heavy goods vehicle fires which involved pallets as fuel.
Investigation of road tunnel fires: challenges and findings
Authors: Singh Tomar Mukesh , Khurana Shashank 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulations have widely been used in the past to perform various complex engineering problems and phenomena. Most of the time the main objective of numerical modelling was to validate the outcome of experimental findings. However, it’s not always possible to replicate the exact conditions of experiments while doing a numerical simulation. There are various obstacles in modelling complex engineering problems such as the capability of a program, computational resources, time, understanding the real physics, modelling of components etc. This study will focus on the road tunnel fires with a heavy goods vehicle. A full-scale experiment of road tunnel fires is not always feasible because of very high cost and legal procedures. This motivates alternative techniques such as numerical modelling to study such phenomena. A numerical analysis of road tunnel fire involving heavy goods vehicle is undertaken in this study using FDS (Fire dynamic simulator) program. The study will discuss the challenges associated with the numerical modelling of road tunnel fires. A comprehensive summary of real problems encountered in such modelling, their possible causes, alternative ways, their impact of overall results and few solutions will be presented in this study. This paper reviews the similar work done by other researchers worldwide and provides a benchmarking.
Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of karanja blended biodiesel in CI engine: effect of CR
Authors: Nagesh S N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This research presents the Karanja biodiesel blends as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics were carried out on a single cylinder with water cooled by four stroke diesel engine coupled with multigas analyzer. The suitability of biodiesel blends for combustion analysis were done by using fuel characterisation. Fuel properties such as density, calorific value kinematic viscosity, flash and fire points of the blends were evaluated according to ASTM standards. Based on fuel properties, Karanja biodiesel blends B20, B40 and B60 were selected for the study along with diesel fuel at different compression ratios 14, 16 and 18. From the observation, it shows that at 42% load, 1500rpm engine speed and CR-18, Karanja blended biodiesel B60 indicated shorter ignition delay, maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax), higher CHRR, higher BTE and reduced CO, HC emissions compared with the diesel fuel.
Performance and emissions of SI engine with additives
Authors: Vijay Venkatesh Sai , Udayakumar R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the current economy with rising fuel prices and higher concerns being raised for the safety of the environment, it creates an opportunity to test additives available in the market to achieve lower emissions with an increase in performance. Fuels today provide either higher performance or lower emissions, this study aims in achieving both by combining two additives, namely ethanol and toluene. Ethanol is an additive which helps reduce emissions from a vehicle but reduces the overall performance of the vehicle. While toluene improves the performance of a vehicle tremendously, it has higher emissions when compared to ethanol. Hence, two samples were created to be tested against pure petrol and pure ethanol by combining these two additives with gasoline. Four samples were tested, which were pure petrol, 10% ethanol, 10% ethanol with 5% toluene and 20% ethanol with 5% toluene and were labelled sample A, B, C and D respectively. These four samples were tested against two performance parameters and four emission parameters. Results obtained in this study showed that sample C had the lowest emission and sample D had the highest performance.
Computational Study on Kinetics of Conversion of Bio-oil Model Compound – Anisole, to Platform Chemicals
Authors: Agrawal Kushagra , Kishore Nanda 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the rise in the need of clean and renewable energy source, lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention across the globe. The major reason for its use as a fuel is the compatibility of biomass derived bio-oil with the conventional energy infrastructure. But the derived bio-oil contains over 300-400 components, most of which are not viable to be used as fuel due to the presence of oxy groups which decrease the energy density of the fuel. Thus, the bio-oil needs to be deoxygenated in order to increase its calorific value. In this study, anisole is taken as a model component representing phenolic fraction of the bio-oil. First, a bond dissociation energy (BDE) calculation is performed on optimized anisole structure to understand the energy requirement of breakage of bonds present in it. Consequently, three different pathways are proposed to convert anisole to benzene, phenol and toluene. Since the reaction is occurring in aqueous phase, direct hydrogenation of anisole is also proposed in an additional pathway. The proposed pathways are studied under the density functional theory (DFT) framework using B3LYP functionals with 6-311+g(d,p) basis set in aqueous phase with SMD solvation model. Finally, the thermochemical parameters are calculated for 298 K to 698 K temperature range. It is observed that the anisole can be reduced to benzene with lowest energy requirement among the proposed pathways. In general, increase in temperature cause decrease in Gibb’s free energy change and enthalpy change of the reactions, thereby increasing reaction favourability.