bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D flow imaging with 2D‐selective excitation
Authors: Wink Clarissa , Ferrazzi Giulio , Bassenge Jean Pierre , Flassbeck Sebastian , Schmidt Simon , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

Purpose4D flow MRI permits to quantify non‐invasively time‐dependent velocity vector fields, but it demands long acquisition times. 2D‐selective excitation allows to accelerate the acquisition by reducing the FOV in both phase encoding directions. In this study, we investigate 2D‐selective excitation with reduced FOV imaging for fast 4D flow imaging while obtaining correct velocity quantification.MethodsTwo different 2D‐selective excitation pulses were designed using spiral k‐space trajectories. Further, their isophase time point was analyzed using simulations that considered both stationary and moving spins. On this basis, the 2D‐selective RF pulses were implemented into a 4D flow sequence. A flow phantom study and seven 4D flow in vivo measurements were performed to assess the accuracy of velocity quantification by comparing the proposed technique to non‐selective and conventional 1D slab‐selective excitation.ResultsThe isophase time point for spiral 2D‐selective RF pulses was found to be located at the end of excitation for both stationary and moving spins. Based on that, 2D‐selective excitation with reduced FOV allowed us to successfully quantify velocities both in a flow phantom and in vivo. In a flow phantom, the velocity difference between the smaller reduced FOV and the reference scan was similar to the inter‐scan variability of . In vivo, the differences in flow (P = 0.995) and flow volume (P = 0.469) between the larger reduced FOV and the reference scan were non‐significant. By reducing the FOV by two‐thirds, acquisition time was halved.ConclusionA reduced field‐of‐excitation allows to limit the FOV and therefore shorten 4D flow acquisition times while preserving successful velocity quantification.
Mental health professionals' perceived clinical utility of the ICD‐10 vs. ICD‐11 classification of personality disorders
Authors: Hansen Signe Joost , Christensen Sune , Kongerslev Mickey T. , First Michael B. , Widiger Thomas A. , Simonsen Erik , Bach Bo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe ICD‐11 classification of personality disorders (PDs) has adopted a dimensional approach which includes three levels of severity (mild, moderate and severe) with the option of specifying five trait qualifiers (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition and anankastia) and one borderline pattern qualifier. This study examined mental health professionals' perceived clinical utility of the ICD‐11 PD framework compared with the ICD‐10 categorical PD framework.MethodA sample of 163 mental health professionals (primarily psychologists, nurses and medical doctors) completed a survey in which they were asked to apply the ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 PD classifications on one of their patients followed by judgement of their clinical utility.ResultsThe ICD‐11 PD framework was generally rated as being slightly more useful than the ICD‐10 framework even when accounting for educational background and years of experience. This advantage particularly involved the utility for treatment planning, communicating with patients, comprehensiveness and ease of use. The two frameworks showed no significant differences with respect to utility for communicating with other professionals and describing global personality.ConclusionThis study provided initial evidence that mental health professionals perceive the ICD‐11 PD classification as slightly more useful for clinical practice than the ICD‐10 classification. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatically catalyzed CO2‐H2O equilibration for oxygen isotope analyses of aqueous samples
Authors: Randazzo Nicolas , Kim Sang‐Tae , Knyf Martin 
Published: April 2019

RationaleThe classic CO2‐H2O equilibration method is a very popular technique for the measurement of the oxygen isotope composition of aqueous samples in stable isotope geochemistry. This study examined whether enzymatically controlled CO2‐H2O equilibration by carbonic anhydrase (CA) could reduce the time for oxygen isotope equilibrium between CO2 and H2O at 25°C.MethodsFour types of aqueous samples containing CA were equilibrated with CO2 gases using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer equipped with an automated gas sample collection device. We examined the effect of CA concentration in an aqueous sample, the influence of drying technique for the preparation of sample vials containing dried CA, the age of CA stock solution, and the ionic strength and the oxygen isotope composition of aqueous samples.ResultsCA rapidly catalyzed the oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and H2O and was unaffected by drying technique or stock solution age. Compared with aqueous samples with no CA or 0.2 μmolal CA, samples containing 4 μmolal CA significantly reduced the CO2‐H2O equilibration time for deionized water and artificial seawater (ionic strength = ~0.6) from ~19 h and ~23 h to ~0.30 h and ~0.77 h, respectively at 25°C.ConclusionsThis enzymatically catalyzed CO2‐H2O equilibration method is time‐efficient, cost‐effective, requires no additional data correction procedure, and can be used for most commercially available CO2‐H2O equilibration devices without any modification.
Precise Patterning of Organic Semiconductor Crystals for Integrated Device Applications
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Deng Wei , Jia Ruofei , Zhang Xiaohong , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance organic electronic and optoelectronic devices relies on high‐quality semiconducting crystals that have outstanding charge transport properties and long exciton diffusion length and lifetime. To achieve integrated device applications, it is a prerequisite to precisely locate the organic semiconductor crystals (OSCCs) to form a specifically patterned structure. Well‐patterned OSCCs can not only reduce leakage current and cross‐talk between neighboring devices, but also facilely integrate with other device elements and their corresponding interconnects. In this Review, general strategies for the patterning of OSCCs are summarized, and the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods are discussed. Discussion is focused on an advanced strategy for the high‐resolution and wafer‐scale patterning of OSCC by a surface microstructure‐assisted patterning method. Furthermore, the recent progress on OSCC pattern‐based integrated circuities is highlighted. Finally, the research challenges and directions of this young field are also presented.
The Challenge of Lithium Metal Anodes for Practical Applications
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Luo Yang , Zhang Hongzhang , Qu Chao , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLithium metal anodes are considered as the “Holy Grail” to achieve high energy density of rechargeable batteries. In the past 50 years, enormous progress has been made to solve the long‐term disturbing issues of poor safety and cyclic stability for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, there is still a long distance to realize the application of LMBs. In this review, the mechanisms of dendrite growth and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) properties are first summarized to figure out the impact factors of the two issues. Advanced strategies are subsequently discussed by regulating different impact factors like current density, overpotential, and interfacial properties. To promote the practical application of LMBs, it is concluded that future research should focus on constructing robust SEI layers, either in liquid electrolytes or solid‐state electrolytes. Moreover, promising research directions and development suggestions are also provided in this review.
Optimizing process parameters for the adsorption of phosphorus from synthetic wastewater on coconut shell based activated carbon
Authors: Babayemi Akinpelu K , Onukwuli Okechukwu D , Okewale Akindele O , Adesina Olusola A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractActivated carbon was prepared from coconut shell, an agricultural waste, for the removal of phosphorus from synthetic phosphorus‐containing wastewater. The activated carbon obtained from the coconut shell was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, particle size, adsorbent dosage, and sorption time on the adsorptive potential of the prepared activated carbon. Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactions among the variables and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of phosphorus using the coconut shell–based activated carbon (CNS). The characterization results from the FTIR showed the presence of variety of functional groups, such as −OH, −NH, C=O, C−H, C−N, CH3, and CH2, which explains the CNS's improved adsorption behavior on the colloidal particles. A maximum performance of 95.22% was obtained for CNS at the optimum conditions of adsorbent dosage = 1,000 milligrams (local variable), pH 2 (local variable), particle size = 0.2 millimeters (local variable), and sorption time = 4.2 hours (global variable).
The effects of test scores and truancy on youth unemployment and inactivity: a simultaneous equations approach
Authors: Bradley Steve , Crouchley Rob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe analyse the relationships between test scores, truancy and labour market outcomes for youths. Our econometric approach enables us to disentangle the observable direct and indirect effects of truancy and test scores on the risk of unemployment or ‘Not in Education, Employment or Training’ (NEET) from their unobserved effects. Using data for England and Wales, we show that models of youth unemployment and NEET that ignore the correlation between the unobservable determinants of test scores and truancy will lead to misleading inference about the strength of their effects. Truancy has an indirect observed effect on labour market outcomes via its effect on test scores, and a weak direct effect. The unobserved component of truancy has a direct effect on labour market outcomes. Test scores have a direct effect on those outcomes, but also mitigate the detrimental effects of truancy. Our analysis raises important implications for education policy.
The Clinical Implications of Peripancreatic Fluid Collection After Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Yoshino Jun , Ban Daisuke , Ogura Toshiro , Ogawa Kosuke , Ono Hiroaki , Mitsunori Yusuke , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesPancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy (DP) remains an unsolved problem, and postoperative CT imaging often demonstrates fluid collection (FC) around the pancreatic remnant. This study sought to clarify the clinical implications of FC.MethodsThis study enrolled 146 patients who underwent DP. FC was defined as a cyst‐like lesion ≥ 10 mm in diameter on CT imaging at postoperative day (POD) 7. FC size, irregularity of FC margin, and air bubbles in FC were investigated. In addition, clinical data were retrospectively collected, and useful predictive factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) were analyzed.ResultsClinically relevant POPF was observed in 26 patients (17.8%), and FC was detected in 136 patients (94.4%). Multivariate analysis identified FC size and drain amylase levels on POD3 as significant risk factors for POPF. Cutoff values were determined by ROC analyses, and the levels of the FC size and drain amylase on POD3 were determined as 41 mm and 1026 IU/L, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of FC diameters > 41 mm were 76.9% and 75.0%, respectively, while those of drain amylase levels > 1026 IU on POD3 were 73.1% and 75.8%, respectively.ConclusionsWhile treating some FCs after DP was necessary for the management of POPF, others did not require any intervention since most of them spontaneously disappeared. FC size and drain amylase levels on POD3 were found to be significantly associated with POPF and could potentially help to determine appropriate treatment.
The treatment gap for mental disorders and associated factors in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kagstrom Anna , Alexova Aneta , Tuskova Eva , Csajbók Zsófia , Schomerus Georg , Formanek Tomas , Mladá Karolína , Winkler Petr , Cermakova Pavla 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectives:To assess the extent of the treatment gap for mental disorders in the Czech Republic, determine factors associated with the utilization of mental health services and explore what influences willingness to seek mental health care.Methods:Data from the CZEch Mental health Study, a nationally representative study of community-dwelling adults in the Czech Republic were used. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessed the presence of mental disorders. 659 participants with current affective, anxiety, alcohol use and substance use disorders were studied.Results:The treatment gap for mental disorders ranged from 61% for affective to 93% for alcohol use disorders. Mental health service use was associated with greater disability (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 3.31; 95% CI 1.97–5.57; p < 0.001), urban residence (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.12–3.04; p < 0.05) and a higher number of somatic diseases (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.67; p < 0.05). Self-identification as having a mental illness was associated with greater willingness to seek a psychiatrist and a psychologist.Conclusions:The treatment gap for mental disorders is alarmingly high in the Czech Republic. Interventions to decrease it should target in particular rural areas, men and people with low self-identification as having a mental illness.
Vaginal Diazepam for Nonrelaxing Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: The Pharmacokinetic Profile
Authors: Larish Alyssa M. , Dickson Rozalin R. , Kudgus Rachel A. , McGovern Renee M. , Reid Joel M. , Hooten W. Michael , Nicholson Wayne T. , Vaughan Lisa E. , Burnett Tatnai L. , Laughlin-Tommaso Shannon K. , Faubion Stephanie S. , Green Isabel C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Vaginal diazepam is frequently used to treat pelvic floor tension myalgia and pelvic pain despite limited knowledge of systemic absorption.

Aim
To determine the pharmacokinetic and adverse event profile of diazepam vaginal suppositories.

Methods
We used a prospective pharmacokinetic design with repeated assessments of diazepam levels. Eight healthy volunteers were administered a 10-mg compounded vaginal diazepam suppository in the outpatient gynecologic clinic. Serum samples were collected at 0, 45, 90, 120, and 180 minutes; 8, 24, and 72 hours; and 1 week following administration of a 10-mg vaginal suppository. The occurrence of adverse events was assessed using the alternate step and tandem walk tests, the Brief Confusion Assessment Method, and numerical ratings. Plasma concentrations of diazepam and active long-acting metabolites were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by standard noncompartmental methods.

Results
The mean peak diazepam concentration (Cmax) of 31.0 ng/mL was detected at a mean time (Tmax) of 3.1 hours after suppository placement. The bioavailability was found to be 70.5%, and the mean terminal elimination half-life was 82 hours. The plasma levels of temazepam and nordiazepam peaked at 0.8 ng/mL at 29 hours and 6.4 ng/mL at 132 hours, respectively. Fatigue was reported by 3 of 8 participants.

Clinical Implications
Serum plasma concentrations of vaginally administered diazepam are low; however the half-life is prolonged.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths include use of inclusion and exclusion criteria aimed at mitigating clinical factors that could adversely impact diazepam absorption and metabolism, and the use of an ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS assay. Limitations included the lack of addressing the efficacy of vaginal diazepam in lieu of performing a pure pharmacokinetic study with healthy participants.

Conclusion
Vaginal administration of diazepam results in lower peak serum plasma concentration, longer time to peak concentration, and lower bioavailability than standard oral use. Providers should be aware that with diazepam’s long half-life, accumulating levels would occur with chronic daily doses, and steady-state levels would not be reached for up to 1 week. This profile would favor intermittent use to allow participation in physical therapy and intimacy.
Dietary Modification is Associated with Normalization of Penile Hemodynamics in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Huang Yun-Ching , Ho Dong-Ru , Lin Jian-Hui , Huang Kuo-Tsai , Chen Chih-Shou , Shi Chung-Sheng 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Diet is associated with self-reported indices of sexual health. The mechanisms responsible for these changes remain poorly understood.

Aim
To investigate the hemodynamic and histological impact of dietary change in a rat model of hyperlipidemia-associated erectile dysfunction.

Methods
40 2-month old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. 10 rats were fed a diet of standard chow and served as negative controls (N group). The remaining 30 age-matched rats were divided at random into 3 groups: (i) high-fat diet for 5 months starting at age 5 months (H group); (ii) high-fat diet for 5 months starting at age 4 months followed by 1 month of standard chow (H+N1M group); and (iii) high-fat diet for 5 months starting at age 2 months followed by 3 months of standard chow (H+N3M group). All rats underwent erectile function testing and sacrifice at age 10 months.

Outcomes
Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured to evaluate erectile function. Blood samples were collected to measure serum testosterone and lipid levels, and penile tissue specimens were obtained for histological examination.

Results
Total body weight, low-density lipoprotein, and serum glucose were significantly higher in the H group compared with the N and H+N3M groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein level was significantly lower in the H group compared with the N and H+N3M groups. The mean ICP/MAP ratio was significantly lower in the H group compared with the N and H+N3M groups (0.33 ± 0.05 vs 0.79 ± 0.07 vs 0.73 ± 0.13; P &lt; .05 for both). Markers for intracorporal neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelial cells were more weakly expressed in the H group compared with the N and H+N3M groups. There was no significant difference in smooth muscle content among the groups. Mean cavernosal oxidative stress and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in the H group compared with the N and H+N3M groups. No significant between-group differences were noted with respect to serum testosterone; the H group had significantly higher serum glucose and low-density lipoprotein levels, effects that were partially mitigated in the H +N1M and H+N3M groups.

Clinical Translation
Administration of a healthy diet is associated with normalization of functional and histological penile defects associated with a high-fat diet.

Strengths & Limitations
Metabolic changes were clearly linked to functional improvements in penile blood flow. Differences between rat and human lipoprotein metabolism are a limitation of this study.

Conclusion
Dietary changes may have positive effects on penile hemodynamics in a rat model of hyperlipidemia-associated erectile dysfunction.
BASE Jumping Injuries Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States: an Assessment of Morbidity, Emergency Department, and Inpatient Costs
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Yelorda Kirbi , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A. , Staudenmayer Kristan 
Published: April 2019

Background BASE (building, antenna, span, earth) jumping involves jumping from fixed objects with specialized parachutes. BASE jumping is associated with less aerodynamic control and flight stability than skydiving because of the lower altitude of jumps. Injuries and fatalities are often attributed to bad landings and object collision. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the 2010–2014 National Emergency Department Sample database, a nationally representative sample of all visits to US emergency departments (EDs). BASE jumping-associated injuries were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes [E004.0]. Outcomes evaluated included morbidity, mortality, inpatient admission, and costs. Adjusted analyses accounting for survey methodology were performed. Results After weighting, 1790 BASE-associated ED presentations were identified with 358±28 injuries annually. A total of 1313 patients (73%) were aged 18 to 44 y, and 1277 (71%) were male. Nine hundred seventy-six (55%) multiple body system injuries and 677 (38%) isolated extremity injuries were reported. There were 1588 (89%) patients discharged home from the ED; only 144 (7%) were admitted as inpatients. On multivariate logistic regression, only anatomic site of injury was associated with inpatient admission (odds ratio=0.6, P<0.001, 95% CI 0.5–0.8). Including ED and inpatient costs, BASE injuries cost the US healthcare system approximately $1.7 million annually. No deaths were identified within the limitations of the survey design. Conclusions Although deemed one of the most dangerous extreme sports, many patients with BASE injuries surviving to arrival at definitive medical care do not require inpatient admission.
TeaH (Turn ‘em around Healing): a therapeutic model for working with traumatised children on Aboriginal communities
Authors: Moss Michelle , Lee Anthony Duwun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAboriginal children in Australia are over-represented in both the child protection and juvenile justice systems. Using Western therapeutic models of practice with Aboriginal people who live in remote communities can be highly problematic. Moreover, the historical legacy of past and present legislation, government interventions and racist service provision needs to be acknowledged and addressed prior to any service implementation. This paper presents a therapeutic model of practice that incorporates Aboriginal concepts of healing and spirit within a creative therapeutic framework. It will demonstrate how the model works through principles of community engagement and capacity building, enabling the provision of a culturally derived therapeutic intervention that involves a synergy of both Aboriginal- and Western-based healing practices. The findings from the implementation of the TeaH model affirm the need to incorporate Aboriginal concepts of healing, spirit and creative therapies into mainstream practice with Aboriginal people.
Drift Instabilities in Thin Current Sheets Using a Two‐Fluid Model With Pressure Tensor Effects
Authors: Ng Jonathan , Hakim Ammar , Juno J. , Bhattacharjee A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe integration of kinetic effects in fluid models is important for global simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere. We use a two‐fluid 10‐moment model, which includes the pressure tensor and has been used to study reconnection, to study the drift kink and lower hybrid drift instabilities. Using a nonlocal linear eigenmode analysis, we find that for the kink mode, the 10‐moment model shows good agreement with kinetic calculations with the same closure model used in reconnection simulations, while the electromagnetic and electrostatic lower hybrid instabilities require modeling the effects of the ion resonance using a Landau fluid closure. Comparisons with kinetic simulations and the implications of the results for global magnetospheric simulations are discussed.