bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are breast conservation treatment rates optimized for Asian women with symptomatic malignancies?
Authors: Tan Mona P. C. , Sitoh Yih Yiow 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPublished data indicate that 20–40% of patients undergo breast conservation treatment (BCT) in Asia, which is below an indicative benchmark of 50%. With an increasing body of evidence suggesting that BCT might be associated with improved survival outcomes, it is exigent to increase BCT utilization. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate BCT rates for women presenting with symptomatic breast cancer and potential for de‐escalation of surgical treatment.MethodsAll patients who presented with symptomatic tumours and underwent surgical treatment at the authors’ healthcare facility between January 2009 and December 2011 were included in this retrospective study. Standard wide excision was performed to achieve clear margins and reasonable cosmetic outcomes for BCT‐eligible patients. Oncoplastic techniques such as therapeutic mammoplasty or volume replacement with flaps were not employed.ResultsA total of 116 women presented with symptomatic breast cancer. The majority (92.2%) were Asian. Mean age at diagnosis was 48.3 years and mean tumour size was 23.4 mm. Ninety‐five patients (81.9%) underwent BCT. Of the 22 patients, 13 (59%) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy had sufficient tumour size downstaging to successfully undergo BCT instead of mastectomy.ConclusionIt is possible for more than 80% of Asian women with symptomatic breast malignancies to undergo BCT, with the appropriate use of neoadjuvant medical therapy and surgical techniques. As increasing data indicate improved survival with BCT, this should be offered as the treatment of choice.
Number of nodal metastases and prognosis in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Sood Ashish , Wykes James , Roshan David , Wang Laura Y. , McGuinness John , Forstner Dion , Fowler Allan , Lee Mark , Kernohan Michael , Ngo Quan , Estall Vanessa , Ebrahimi Ardalan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundExisting prognostic systems for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cSCCHN) do not discriminate between the number of involved nodes beyond single versus multiple. This study aimed to determine if the number of metastatic lymph nodes is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic cSCCHN and whether it provides additional prognostic information to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 101 patients undergoing curative intent treatment for metastatic cSCCHN to parotid and/or neck nodes by surgery +/− radiotherapy at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia. The impact of number of nodal metastases on disease‐free survival (DFS) and risk of distant metastases was assessed using multivariate Cox regression.ResultsThe mean number of nodal metastases was 2.5 (range 1–12). On multivariate analysis, increasing number of nodal metastases significantly predicted reduced DFS (hazard ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.30; P = 0.004), with a 17% increased risk of recurrence or death for each additional node. This remained significant in multivariate models adjusted for AJCC 8th edition nodal and TNM stages. Number of nodal metastases was also associated with risk of distant metastatic failure (hazard ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.39; P = 0.009).ConclusionIncreasing number of nodal metastases is associated with decreased DFS and increased risk of distant metastases in metastatic cSCCHN, with a cumulative risk increase with each additional node. It provides additional prognostic information to the AJCC staging, which may be improved by incorporating information on the number of nodal metastases beyond the current single versus multiple distinction.
Letter: studies of salivary pepsin in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Authors’ reply
Authors: Corfe Bernard M. , Chowdry Joanna , Russell Jean M. , Race Caroline , Riley Stuart A. 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Race et al and Dettmar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15138 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15213.
Laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery for ileal lipoma: A case report
Authors: Nakanishi Ryota , Fukunaga Yosuke , Nagasaki Toshiya , Emoto Shin , Hirayama Kazuyoshi , Yoshioka Satoshi , Kitagawa Yusuke , Honma Satoru , Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Matsui Shimpei , Tominaga Tetsuro , Minami Hironori , Miyanari Shun , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Akiyoshi Takashi , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Nagayama Satoshi , Saito Shoichi , Ueno Masashi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis is the first report of laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for an ileal tumor. A 50‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy detected a submucosal tumor with intussusception located in the ileum, 10 cm oral from the Bauhin valve. On further examination, he was diagnosed with an ileal lipoma. There were no signs of malignancy. LECS was performed for the ileal tumor. After submucosal elevation by injecting saline solution, a mucosal incision was made circumferentially along the tumor. A full‐thickness incision was created endoscopically and laparoscopically on the circumferential mucosal incisional line. The tumor was withdrawn intraluminally by endoscopy. The defect of the ileal wall was closed laparoscopically in an axial direction with linear staplers. Histologically, the tumor was a 25‐mm ileal lipoma with negative resection margins and no malignancy.
Population pharmacokinetic model and Bayesian estimator for 2 tacrolimus formulations in adult liver transplant patients
Authors: Riff Camille , Debord Jean , Monchaud Caroline , Marquet Pierre , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: April 2019

AimsTacrolimus is a narrow therapeutic range drug that requires fine dose adjustment, for which pharmacokinetic (PK) models have been amply proposed in renal, but not in liver, transplant recipients. This study aimed to build population PK models and Bayesian estimators (BEs) in adult de novo liver transplant patients receiving either the immediate‐release (Prograf, twice daily, TD) or prolonged‐release (Advagraf, once daily, OD) forms to help PK‐guided dose individualization.MethodsIn total, 160 tacrolimus concentration–time profiles (1654 samples) were collected from 80 patients, at day 7 (D7) and week 6 (W6) post‐transplant. Four population PK models were developed using in‐parallel parametric and nonparametric approaches for each formulation and period post‐transplant. The best limited sampling strategies for estimating the area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) were selected by comparing predicted values to an independent dataset. Finally, the doses required to reach AUC targets were estimated using each BE and compared to the doses obtained using the trapezoidal AUC.ResultsTacrolimus PK was best described using a 1‐compartmental model with first‐order elimination and 2 γ‐distributions to describe the absorption. In the validation datasets, Bayesian AUC estimates yielded mean bias/root mean squared prediction error of −5.06%/13.43% (OD D7), 2.25%/8.51% (OD W6), −2.36%/7.27% (TD D7) and 0.87%/9.07% (TD W6) for the in‐parallel parametric approach; and 8.95%/17.84% (OD D7), −0.11%/10.13% (OD W6), 3.57%/18.40% (TD D7) and 4.48%/12.59% (TD W6) for the nonparametric approach.ConclusionThe BEs and limited sampling strategies proposed here are able to predict accurately and precisely tacrolimus AUC in liver patients using only 3 plasma concentrations. The dosing methods are available on our ImmunoSuppressive Bayesian dose Adjustment website (www.pharmaco.chu‐limoges.fr).
Attitudes towards redistribution and the interplay between perceptions and beliefs about inequality
Authors: García‐Sánchez Efraín , Osborne Danny , Willis Guillermo B. , Rodríguez‐Bailón Rosa 
Published: April 2019

Although economic inequality has increased over the last few decades, support for redistributive policies is not widely accepted by the public. In this paper, we examine whether attitudes towards redistribution are a product of both perceptions of, and beliefs about, inequality. Specifically, we argue that the association between perceived inequality and support for redistribution varies by beliefs that justify inequality. We investigated this hypothesis in a cross‐cultural/country sample (N = 56,021 from 41 countries) using two different operationalizations of support for redistribution and two distinct beliefs that justify inequality. As hypothesized, the perceived size of the income gap correlated positively with believing that it is the government's responsibility to reduce inequality among those who rejected beliefs that justify inequality, whereas there was no association for those who endorsed these beliefs. Similarly, perceived economic inequality correlated positively with support for progressive taxation, but this association was weaker among those who endorsed meritocratic and equal opportunity beliefs. Together, these results demonstrate that ideologies influence the relationship between perceived inequality and attitudes towards redistribution, and that support for redistribution varies by how the policy is framed.
Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation
Authors: Dando Ilaria , Pozza Elisa Dalla , Ambrosini Giulia , Torrens‐Mas Margalida , Butera Giovanna , Mullappilly Nidula , Pacchiana Raffaella , Palmieri Marta , Donadelli Massimo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTTumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy‐sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy‐resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2‐hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2‐hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti‐cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
The Canadian productivity stagnation, 2002–2014
Authors: Conesa Juan Carlos , Pujolas Pau S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTotal factor productivity (TFP) growth in Canada between 2002 and 2014 has been only 0.16% per year. This figure is substantially smaller than that of the United States, or that of Canada in the past. We perform multiple counterfactual exercises to show that this small TFP growth cannot be accounted for by several compositional effects or mismeasurements of factors of production. We identify two key sectors (mostly Mining and to a lesser extent Manufacturing) that drive all of the TFP growth difference with the United States. Despite the lack of TFP growth, Canada has experienced sustained income growth due to a prolonged period of appreciation of the terms of trade (while US terms of trade have deteriorated), making real income in the two countries grow at similar rates.
Prevalence of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in previously GH‐treated young adults with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Donze Stephany H. , Damen Layla , van Alfen‐van der Velden Janiëlle A. E. M. , Bocca Gianni , Finken Martijn J. J. , Hoorweg‐Nijman Gera J. G. , Jira Petr E. , van Leeuwen Mariëtte , Hokken‐Koelega Anita C. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveSome features of subjects with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) resemble those seen in growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Children with PWS are treated with growth hormone (GH), which has substantially changed their phenotype. Currently, young adults with PWS must discontinue GH after attainment of adult height when they do not fulfil the criteria of adult GHD. Limited information is available about the prevalence of GHD in adults with PWS. This study aimed to investigate the GH/insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) axis and the prevalence of GHD in previously GH‐treated young adults with PWS.DesignCross‐sectional study in 60 young adults with PWS.MeasurementsSerum IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels, GH peak during combined growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH)‐arginine stimulation test.ResultsSerum IGF‐I was <−2 standard deviation scores (SDS) in 2 (3%) patients, and IGFBP‐3 was within the normal range in all but one patient. Median (IQR) GH peak was 17.8 μg/L (12.2; 29.7) [~53.4 mU/L] and below 9 μg/L in 9 (15%) patients. Not one patient fulfilled the criteria for adult GHD (GH peak < 9 μg/L and IGF‐I < −2 SDS), also when BMI‐dependent criteria were used. A higher BMI and a higher fat mass percentage were significantly associated with a lower GH peak. There was no significant difference in GH peak between patients with a deletion or a maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD).ConclusionsIn a large group of previously GH‐treated young adults with PWS, approximately 1 in 7 exhibited a GH peak <9 μg/L during a GHRH‐arginine test. However, none of the patients fulfilled the consensus criteria for adult GHD.
Genetic testing in patients with retinitis pigmentosa: Features of unsolved cases
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Gliem Martin , Oishi Akio , Müller Philipp L. , Herrmann Philipp , Holz Frank G. , Mangold Elisabeth , Knapp Michael , Bolz Hanno J. , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImportanceUncommon characteristics in genetically unsolved retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients may indicate an incorrect clinical diagnosis or as yet unknown genetic causes resulting in specific retinal phenotypes. The diagnostic yield of targeted next‐generation sequencing may be increased by a reasonable preselection of RP‐patients.BackgroundTo systematically evaluate and compare features of genetically solved and unsolved RP‐patients.DesignRetrospective, observational study.ParticipantsOne‐hundred and twelve consecutive RP‐patients who underwent extensive molecular genetic analysis.MethodsCharacterization of patients based on multimodal imaging and medical history.Main Outcome MeasuresDifferences between genetically solved and unsolved RP‐patients.ResultsCompared to genetically solved patients (n = 77), genetically unsolved patients (n = 35) more frequently had an age of disease‐onset above 30 years (60% vs 8%; P < 0.0001), showed atypical fundus features (49% vs 8%; P < 0. 0001) and indicators for phenocopies (eg, autoimmune diseases) (17% vs 0%; P < 0. 001). Evidence for a particular inheritance pattern was less common (20% vs 49%; P < 0. 01). The diagnostic yield was 84% (71/85) in patients with first symptoms below 30 years‐of‐age, compared to 69% (77/112) in the overall cohort. The other selection criteria alone or in combination resulted in limited further increase of the diagnostic yield (up to 89%) while excluding considerably more patients (up to 56%) from genetic testing.Conclusions and RelevanceThe medical history and retinal phenotype differ between genetically solved and a subgroup of unsolved RP‐patients, which may reflect undetected genotypes or retinal conditions mimicking RP. Patient stratification may inform on the individual likelihood of identifying disease‐causing mutations and may impact patient counselling.
Easement or public land? An economic analysis of different ownership modes for nature conservation measures in California
Authors: Schöttker Oliver , Santos Maria João 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiodiversity conservation requires space where conservation measures are implemented for a desired purpose. Setting land aside for conservation has been widely applied, while novel conservation modes (private–public partnerships, private multipurpose land management) may be fundamental to achieve conservation goals. We perform an economic analysis of the cost development for two conservation options in California, in‐fee and easements, from 1970 to today. We find that in‐fee options have lower costs than easements in the long run. While there are high costs of purchase for in‐fee, ultimately they even‐out or generate profits. Costs of easements continue growing exponentially overtaking costs of purchase. Sensitivity analysis shows increases in purchasing prices and opportunity costs positively influencing conservation costs, while increasing interest rates negatively influence them. The results suggest that easements are not yet an economically viable alternative for in‐fee conservation purchases. Our analysis is a first step to assess economic viability of choosing easements.
Integrating spatially realistic infrastructure impacts into conservation planning to inform strategic environmental assessment
Authors: Tulloch Ayesha I.T. , Gordon Ascelin , Runge Claire A. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfrastructures such as roads and pipelines have environmental impacts that diffuse far beyond the local development footprint, including fragmenting habitat or changing hydrology. Broad‐scale diffuse impacts are challenging to incorporate into conservation planning and strategic environmental assessment due to difficulties in determining how impacts spread across landscapes. We built curves representing expert‐elicited magnitudes and spatial extents of direct and diffuse impacts of infrastructure on biodiversity groups, to incorporate these impacts into a spatial conservation prioritization. We demonstrate how different prioritization outputs inform different steps of the impact assessment mitigation hierarchy. In southern Australia we find the diffuse‐impact footprint to be four times higher than direct (i.e., local) infrastructure impacts, with >75,000 km2 of spatial priority areas for mitigation and >37,000 km2 of spatial priority areas for offsets potentially missed if diffuse impacts are ignored. Understanding both direct and diffuse infrastructure impacts will avoid inefficient spatial allocation of environmental mitigation, restoration, and offsetting efforts.
Neuropsychiatric profile of paediatric hypothalamic hamartoma: systematic review and case series
Authors: Corbet Burcher Georgina , Liang Holan , Lancaster Rebecca , Cross J Helen , Tisdall Martin , Varadkar Sophia , Spoudeas Helen A , Caredda Elisabetta , Bennett Sophie , Heyman Isobel 
Published: April 2019

AimTo evaluate neuropsychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with hypothalamic hamartoma.MethodWe retrospectively analysed case notes for all individuals with hypothalamic hamartoma referred to Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, between 2000 and 2016. In addition, a systematic review aiming to identify all previous paediatric case series was performed. Psychiatric symptoms, demographics, physical comorbidities, and cognitive functioning were recorded for all cases where possible. Analyses were performed to determine which factors were associated with psychopathology and potential mechanisms investigated.ResultsForty‐six cases were included in the case series (28 males, 18 females; mean age at assessment 11y 8mo [1y 11mo–16y 11mo,SD4y 0mo]). Twenty‐nine papers representing data from 264 cases met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Overall, at least 50% of cases presented with psychopathology. Epilepsy, intellectual disability, and male sex were associated with externalizing disorders (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct and oppositional defiance disorders, and rage attacks). Intellectual disability mediated the effects of epilepsy on externalizing psychopathology. No factors were associated with internalizing disorders (anxiety and depressive disorders), although these were not well reported.InterpretationPsychiatric comorbidities are highly prevalent in the presentation of paediatric hypothalamic hamartoma. The aetiology of psychopathology comprises a range of interacting biological and psychosocial factors with particular influence from epilepsy. Further research is required to achieve an evidence base for treatment.What this paper addsOver half of children with hypothalamic hamartoma present with psychiatric comorbidity.Externalizing and internalizing disorders are present in approximately 60% and 30% of children with hypothalamic hamartomas respectively.Epilepsy and male sex are associated with externalizing psychopathology.Intellectual disability mediates the association between epilepsy and externalizing symptoms.No clear associations are evident for internalizing disorders or precocious puberty.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and cancer: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dicembrini Ilaria , Nreu Besmir , Mannucci Edoardo , Monami Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this meta‐analysis of randomized trials was to assess the effects of SGLT‐2i on the overall incidence of malignancies and on different types of cancer, summerizing the results of trials with a duration of at least 1 year. This was done in light of the effect of SGLT‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) that has been highlighted by some studies, showing an increased incidence of bladder cancer, particularly with use of empagliflozin.Materials and methodsA Medline and Embase search for “Canaglifozin”, “Dapaglifozin”, “Empaglifozin”, “Ertuglifozin”, “Ipraglifozin”, Tofoglifozin” or “Luseoglifozin” was performed, identifying randomized trials with a duration of more than 52 weeks up to 1 December 2018 that compared SGLT‐2is with placebo or active comparators. The outcomes considered were all types of cancer and several site‐specific cancers (ie, breast, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic, pancreatic, skin, prostate and bladder). Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (MH‐OR, 95% CI) were calculated for all outcomes.ResultsA total of 27 trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Retrieved trials had enrolled 27 744 and 20 441 patients in SGLT‐2 inhibitor and comparator groups, respectively. No difference was observed in the incidence of all malignancies between patients allocated to SGLT‐2i and comparators (MH‐OR 0.98[0.77–1.24]). The incidence of bladder cancer, and of any other type of cancer, was not significantly increased by treatment with any SGLT‐2i.ConclusionsAvailable data from randomized trials do not suggest a detrimental effect of SGLT‐2is on the incidence of malignancies in general, or in bladder cancer in particular.