bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Caulerpa recemosa
Authors: Rahman Sayeeda Monira , Neaz Sharif , Alam Md Morshed , Nur Jasmin 
Published: September 2019

Background: Caulerpa recemosa, also known as sea grape, is a stout straggling prostrate shrubby plant with spinous stipules and uniaxial siphonous thallus, mostly divided into a creeping axis (stolon), with rhizoids and erect shoots (fronds), either nude, leaf-like or with grape or feather-like ramuli. Caulerpa racemosa has erect fronds up to 9-13 cm high bearing un-crowded vesiculate ramuli that are radially arranged. Fronds are slightly inflated above the attachment to the stolon which are fixed to the substrate by thin short rhizoids. It is collected from St. Martin’s Island locally called ‘Narikel Jinjira’, located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh for the present study, ethanol extract of Caulerpa recemosa has been screened for its hypolipidemic activity.
Methods: Hypolipidemic activity was screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of atherogenic diet in wistar albino rats and serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Atherogenic index shows the measure of the atherogenic potential of the drugs.
Results: Ethanol extract showed significant (p < 0.01) hypolipidemic effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical parameters such as significant reduction in the level of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and increase in high density lipoprotein level which was similar to the standard drug atorvastatin. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index andpercentage protection against hyperlipidemia. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenoliccompounds.
Conclusion: The overall experimental results suggest that the biologically active phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides alkaloids present in the ethanolic extract of Caulerpa racemosa may be responsible for the significant hypolipidemic activity and the results may justify the use of Caulerpa racemosa as a significant hypolipidemic agent.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 197-201
Vitamin D status in Bangladeshi subjects: a laboratory based study
Authors: Islam AKM Monwarul , Hasan Md Nayeemul , Rahman Kazi Mizanur , Asaduzzaman Md , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Zaman Shahana , Islam Md Rashedul , Jesmin Humayra , Yeasmin Lovely 
Published: September 2019

Background: Vitamin D plays important role in normal functioning of multiple organs of the body. Hypovitaminosis D is known to be prevalent worldwide including the tropical countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the vitamin D status in Bangladeshi patients undergoing laboratory investigation for vitamin D.
Methods: This was a laboratory-based study. Data were extracted from the database of a diagnostic centre of Dhaka city and were analysed. Vitamin D status was defined as follows: deficiency 0 to <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20 to <30 ng/ml, sufficiency 30-100 ng/ml and potential toxicity >100 ng/ml.
Results: A total of 793 plasma vitamin D level reports were analysed. Out of 793 subjects, 269 (33.9%) were male and 524 (66.1%) were female. Majority (62.0%) were between 21 and 60 years of age. Mean (+/- standard deviation) vitamin D level of the study subjects was 21.66 (+/- 18.63) ng/ml. Eighty-six percent had hypovitaminosis D; 61.4% had deficiency and 24.1% had insufficiency. Vitamin D level was found sufficient in 13.1% subjects. Among the deficient subjects, 31.6% were male and 68.4% were female; among the insufficient subjects, 35.1% were male and 64.9% were female. Sixty-eight percent of the deficient subjects belonged to the 21 to 60 year age group, whereas 57.1% of the insufficient subjects were between 21 and 60 years.
Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is common among the real-world clinical subjects undergoing vitamin D estimation in Bangladesh. Middle-aged females are more likely to be affected
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 202-206
Glutamic acid decarboxylase positivity in selected group of Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Islam Nazimul , Begum Tanjima , Chowdhury Ashesh Kumar , Miazi Umarah , Alam Md Soharab , Khan Naimul Islam , Karim Afsana 
Published: September 2019

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) test positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).These individuals have been referred to as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) or type 1.5 diabetes. LADA refers to a specific type of diabetes affecting adult patients, characterized by presence of islet auto-antibodies, insulin independence at the time of diagnosis and characterized by slower beta cell destruction. The aim of this study was to indentify GAD positivity in a selected group of Bangladeshi T2DM patients and compare the clinical characteristics of GAD positive and negative subjects.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. Recently diagnosed drug-naive patients with T2DM were evaluated. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 subjects were screened. These patients allowed for the assessment of GAD positivity along with anthropometric and biochemical characteristics.
Results: A total of 100 newly diagnosed (within 6 months) T2DM patients in age group 30-70 years were selected for this study. Of them men and women were 59.6% and 40.4% respectively. The GAD antibody positive was found to be 10%. There was no significant difference in respect of age, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL and blood pressure between GAD positive and GAD negative subjects.
Conclusion: The presence of GAD positivity was 10% among adult patients with newly diagnosed T2DM which wasvery high in Bangladeshi population. Further long term prospective studies need to be essential to identify the actual situation of GAD positive subjects and to determine their clinical course and optimal treatment regimens.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 213-217
Comparison of demographic and virological profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Mamoon Md Abdullah Al , Bhuiyan Tareq Mahmud , Azam Mohammad Golam , Hoque Md Nazmul , Hossain Riad Md Moshaed 
Published: September 2019

Background: Cirrhosis of liver is the most common cause of liver disease in our country. It is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infection are the important causes of liver disease in our country. Many people present to us with established cirrhosis of liver. The aim of our study is to compare the demographic and virological profiles between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis of liver.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital and in Supreme Medical Services, Jatrabari, Dhaka. Cirrhosis of liver was diagnosed with the help of ultrasonography of whole abdomen, endoscopy of upper gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), fibroscan of liver and liver biopsy where indicated.
Results: Total 465 cases were enrolled in this study. Of them 272 patients were diabetic and 193 patients were non- diabetic. The study reached its various findings from the view point in our country. Most diabetic patients were between the age 51 to 60 (57.4%) and in non-diabetic patients between the age 41 to 50 (31.1%) (p<.001). Cirrhosis of liver was more common in non-diabetic, male (69.4%) patients but it was more common in female (48.2%), diabetic patient (p<.001). Female patients were mostly house wife in both diabetic (45.2%) and nondiabetic group (24.9%) (p<.001). Male patients were mostly in service in both diabetic (20.6%) and in nondiabetic group (32.6%) (p<.001). Most of the people live in urban area in both diabetic (70.6%) and nondiabetic group (53.9%) (p<.001). Hepatitis B virus infection was significantly higher in cirrhotic, non-diabetic than diabetic group (49.7% vs 21.3%) (p<0.001) but Hepatitis C virus infection was significantly higher in cirrhotic diabetic group than non-diabetic group (14.3% vs 8.8%) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis of liver in male, non-diabetic patient and Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis of liver in female, diabetic patient.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 229-233
Role of immunohistochemistry in cell block sections for categorization of non-small cell carcinoma of lung
Authors: Yasmin Shamoli , Haque Wasim Selimul , Islam Sk Md Jaynul , Khondoker Mostare , Giti Susane 
Published: September 2019

Background: Computed tomography (CT) guided fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNAC) is a useful modality which aids in early and fairly accurate diagnosis of mass lesions of lungs specially the malignant ones. Previously in patients with primary lung cancer the most important consideration was to discriminate between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) of the lung. With advancement of cancer therapy, sub-typing of NSCC has become very important. The aims of the study were to evaluate the pathological spectrum of the pulmonary diseases in CT guided FNAC of lung mass lesions and utility of limited immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cell block sections to subcategorize NSCC.
Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Histopathology in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. It involved total 140 patients who underwent CT guided FNAC in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka for lung mass lesions. Aspiration was done by pathologist and obtained material was used to make slide smears and cell blocks. Both FNAC smears and cell block sections were examined by histopathologists. The entities diagnosed as NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinomas in FNAC were treated with limited IHC panel in cell block sections.
Results: Out of 140 cases 110 were male and 30 were female patients. Age range was from 18 to 85 years, (mean age 60±13.5). Total 83(59%) malignant neoplasms and 57(41%) benign lesions were diagnosed. Among the benign lesions, 28 were diagnosed as granulomatous lesion suggestive of tuberculosis and rests were nonspecific inflammatory lesion. In FNAC smear, small cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 16.9% (14/83) of all malignant lesions, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 26.5% (22/83) patients and adenocarcinoma in 22.9% (19/83) patients. Twenty-five patients were categorized as NSCC as they could not be further subcategorized in FNAC as SCC/adenocarcinoma. Three patients were categorized as poorly differentiated carcinoma as their cytological features could not rule in/out small cell carcinoma. NSCC and poorly differentiated carcinoma diagnosed by FNAC were33.7% (28/83). Cell blocks of all of them were examined, three of NSCC cell blocks were found inadequate for evaluation. All of the rest cases underwent limited IHC panel in cell block sections and were further subcategorized; 13 as SCC and 12 as adenocarcinoma. Total cases of SCC diagnosed in the study after IHC on cell block sections were 35/83(42%) followed by adenocarcinoma 31/83, (33.35%).
Conclusion: CT guided FNAC is an effective tool and can be used for fairly accurate and early diagnosis of lung mass lesions. Immunohistochemistry on cell block sections can be used as an effective tool for categorization of NSCC.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 223-228
Drugs used in prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms: unseen and overlooked effects on sexual health
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman SM , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Latif Zafar Ahmed 
Published: September 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common genitourinary complications in men over 50 years of age and typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and may need medical and occasionally surgical interventions. Few of them may only need advice on behavioral modification like less water intake after sunset, avoid tea, coffee after evening, avoid alcohol and less use of diuretics. The symptoms related to BPH or LUTS without any prostatic enlargement are incomplete voiding, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining and nocturia. For most patients with mild to moderate symptoms of BPH [International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) <8 or 8-19 respectively] monotherapy with an á-1-adrenergic antagonist remains initial treatment. The choice of specific á-adrenergic antagonist agent is generally based on cost and side effect profile. Other classes of medications include 5á-reductase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitors. In men who have mild to moderate symptoms of BPH and concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED), PDE-5 inhibitors are reasonable alternative. Now a days á-1-adrenoceptor blockers and 5á-reductase inhibitors are often combined to give a synergistic effect. A review of the current literature identified several adverse sexual side effects, including ED, decreased libido, orgasmic disorders and ejaculatory disorders. It is important to know the extent of these side effects, as the clinician and patient will need to decide the cost of improved voiding symptoms. The prime adverse effect is ejaculatory disorders including the absence of ejaculation. Clinical consideration for BPH/LUTS should include the elements of male sexual function, patient’s age and the characteristics and comprehensive effects of each group of drugs. Methodological bias in clinical studies, such as the subjective evaluation of the sexual side effect makes it difficult to determine the ideal drug for treatment. Men without ED or irritant symptoms who desire medical therapy but cannot tolerate á-1-adrenergic antagonists and do not have predominately irritant symptoms or concomitant ED, treatment with a 5á-reductase inhibitor is a reasonable. Treatment for 6 to 12 months is generally needed before prostate size is sufficiently reduced to improve symptoms. Symptoms are usually reversible, so drugs may need to be continued for long time or indefinitely under supervision of specialist.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 240-247
Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II): A rare case report
Authors: Sobhan Rezwana , Khan Hafsa Hasan , Pathan Md Faruque , Afsana Faria , Amin Feroz 
Published: September 2019

Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD-II) is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, post-natal growth deficiency and microcephaly. Individuals affected by this disease present at an adult height of less than 100 cm, a post-pubertal head circumference of 40 cm or less, mild mental retardation, an outgoing personality and skeletal dysplasia, renal, hematopoietic abnormalities, cerebral vascular anomalies (aneurysm and Moyamoya disease). It is an autosomal recessive syndrome with equal gender occurrence involving the DNA damage-response PCNT gene. Here is an interesting case report of a 15-year-old boy, who presented with growth failure since age of one year, noticed by his parents with history of low birth weight (1.5 kg), delayed developmental milestones, microcephaly, low IQ and difficulty in walking due to short left leg. He had bird like head with beaked nose, crowding of teeth and malocclusion. Complete blood picture and hormonal analysis are within normal range except low growth hormone, typical radiographic features including severe scoliosis and dislocation of hip correlated with MOPD-II. Growth hormone therapy was thought to be ineffective. Genetic counselling is important to prevent the occurrence of MOPD-II.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 254-256
A case of ANCA associated vasculitis presented with mononeuritis multiplex
Authors: Rahman Tanbin , Islam Md Rashedul , Khan Mohammad Sakhawat Hossen , Quddus Sharif Mohammad Ruhul , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana 
Published: September 2019

Mononeuritis multiplex is a common manifestation of many illnesses which includes diabetes, leprosy, malignancy and certain types of systemic vasculitis. The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of rare diseases which show typical characteristic inflammatory cell infiltration and blood vessel wall necrosis. AAV syndromes include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilicgranulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Here we present a patient who presented with mononeuritis multiplex and had features ofEGPA. The patient was treated with standard regimen of steroids and pulsed cyclophosphamide and she achieved good clinical response.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 257-260
Farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation at Jalma union of Batiaghata upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh
Authors: Mondol Shipra , Mollick Archona , Ahmed Mohammad Bashir , Islam Md Matiul 
Published: September 2019

Deforestation causes environmental degradation. Awareness of the people might have influence on reduction of deforestation. The main purposes of the study were to determine the farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation and to explore relationship between the selected characteristics of the farmers and their awareness. The study was conducted to only one village namely Raingamari (The project village of Khulna University) of Jalma union under Batiaghata upazila of Khulna district. Data were collected from 53 family heads of the village on their 10 selected characteristics such as age, educational qualification, farming experience, family size, farm size, family income, organizational participation, cosmopoliteness, extension media contact, training exposure. Data were also collected on farmers’ awareness regarding deforestation. Data were collected from the respondents during April to July 2017 through personal interview using a pretested interview schedule. Most of the respondents were highly aware of deforestation. The respondents showed highest level of awareness regarding “deforestation causes greenhouse effect which consequently increase the average temperature of the earth” while they were less aware regarding “deforestation threatens the livelihoods and cultural integrity of people that depend on forest”. Among the 10 selected characteristics of the respondents, educational qualification, organizational participation, extension media contact showed positive significant relationships with their awareness regarding deforestation while only the annual income had the negative significant relationship with their awareness regarding deforestation.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 193-202, August 2019
Performance of salinity tolerance of F3 rice lines of BRRI dhan 29 × PBRC (STL-20) using RAPD markers
Authors: Mazumder Nazmul Islam , Sultana Tania , Paul Prtitish Chandra , Roy Dinesh Chandra , Sushmoy Deboprio Roy , Haque Md Shamiul , Razia Sultana , Noor Md Mahmud Al 
Published: September 2019

Twenty six rice lines of PBRC (salt tolerant line-20) × BRRI dhan-29 were used to evaluate salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and tested for salt tolerance using RAPD markers. Salinity screening was done using hydrophonic system at the greenhouse following IRRI standard protocol. Among the studied line, ten were moderately salinity tolerant, nine susceptible and rest of the lines highly susceptible. For assessing genetic diversity and relationship of F3 rice lines including two parents were tested against PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique using three arbitrary decamer primers; OPA02, OPC01, and OPC12. Selected three primers generated a total of 14 bands. Out of 14 bands, 12 bands (86.67%) were polymorphic and 2 bands (13.33%) were monomorphic. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed from Nei’s (1972) genetic distance produced 2 main clusters of the 28 rice genotypes. Most of the moderately tolerant lines and PBRC (STL-20) (tolerant variety) were grouped in same cluster due to lower genetic distance, while maximum susceptible along with BRRI dhan29 (susceptible variety) showed higher genetic distance with PBRC (STL-20) and moderately tolerant lines. This result indicates that the lines which formed grouped together, they are less diversed. On the other hand the lines remain in different clusters or different groups, are much diversed. Thus RAPD perform a potentially simple, rapid and reliable method to evaluate genetic diversity and molecular characterization as well.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 215-225, August 2019
Performance of organic manures on the growth and yield of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and soil properties
Authors: Mondal M Monjurul Alam , Ahmed Farid , Nabi KM Eadun , Noor Md Mahmud Al , Mondal Md Tanjilur Rahman 
Published: September 2019

The experiment was carried out at the research farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during December 2015 to January 2016 to evaluate the effects of cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and mustard oil cake (MOC) along with NPK fertilizer amendments on the growth and yield performances of red amaranth in silty loam soil. The treatments were (i) NPK (control), (ii) NPK + CD, (iii) NPK + PM and (iv) NPK + MOC. All three types of manures significantly increased the plant height and numbers of leaves plant-1, thereby fresh weight, yield compared with the control (NPK). The best results in terms of vegetable fresh yield were obtained in the following order: NPK > CD > PM > MOC. Application of MOC is not beneficial due to 30 times higher price than CD and PM. PM added NPK fertilizer combination showed higher vegetable yield (10.87 t ha-1) than CD added NPK fertilizer combination (10.17 t ha-1). PM added fertilizer combination also had almost equal investment and cost-benefit ratio in comparison with CD. The lowest marginal benefit-cost ratio (1.09) was observed in MOC added NPK fertilizer combination though it showed higher vegetable yield (11.08 t ha-1). The farmers’ can be recommended to follow NPK + CD fertilizer combination. Manures applied post soil analysis showed improves the soil physiochemical properties.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 263-269, August 2019