bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mini-Dose Glucagon as a Novel Approach to Prevent Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rickels Michael R. , DuBose Stephanie N. , Toschi Elena , Beck Roy W. , Verdejo Alandra S. , Wolpert Howard , Cummins Martin J. , Newswanger Brett , Riddell Michael C. ,   T1D Exchange Mini-Dose Glucagon Exercise Study Group, Rickels Michael , Peleckis Amy , Evangelisti Margaret , Dalton-Bakes Cornelia , Fuller Carissa , Toschi Elena , Wolpsert Howard , Middelbeek Roeland , Cherng Jye Louis Seow , Shahar Jacqueline , Slyne Christine , Edwards Stephanie , Castillo Astrid Atakov , DuBose Stephanie N. , Beck Roy W. , Verdejo Alandra S. , Cummins Martin , Newswanger Brett , Prestrelski Steve 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 1 diabetes who do aerobic exercise often experience a drop in blood glucose concentration that can result in hypoglycemia. Current approaches to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia include reduction in insulin dose or ingestion of carbohydrates, but these strategies may still result in hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. We sought to determine whether mini-dose glucagon (MDG) given subcutaneously before exercise could prevent subsequent glucose lowering and to compare the glycemic response to current approaches for mitigating exercise-associated hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a four-session, randomized crossover trial involving 15 adults with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion who exercised fasting in the morning at ∼55% VO2max for 45 min under conditions of no intervention (control), 50% basal insulin reduction, 40-g oral glucose tablets, or 150-μg subcutaneous glucagon (MDG).

RESULTS
During exercise and early recovery from exercise, plasma glucose increased slightly with MDG compared with a decrease with control and insulin reduction and a greater increase with glucose tablets (P &lt; 0.001). Insulin levels were not different among sessions, whereas glucagon increased with MDG administration (P &lt; 0.001). Hypoglycemia (plasma glucose &lt;70 mg/dL) was experienced by six subjects during control, five subjects during insulin reduction, and none with glucose tablets or MDG; five subjects experienced hyperglycemia (plasma glucose ≥250 mg/dL) with glucose tablets and one with MDG.

CONCLUSIONS
MDG may be more effective than insulin reduction for preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia and may result in less postintervention hyperglycemia than ingestion of carbohydrate.
De dinámicas barriales, muertes violentas y registro estadístico: una aproximación etnográfica
Authors: Maglia Elea , Di Marco Martín , García acevedo Marina 
Published: May 2018

Este artículo se propone analizar los procesos sociales, morales y relacionales que condicionan el registro de datos estadísticos sobre muertes violentas, a partir del enfoque etnográfico. Se parte del presupuesto de que si bien la tasa de homicidio es empleada como uno de los indicadores más sólidos a partir del cual analizar los niveles de violencia y crimen en una sociedad, no está eximida de condicionantes sociales. Los procesos por medio de los cuales se registran y clasifican las muertes violentas están atravesados por dinámicas sociales, determinadas por los contextos locales y las diversas creencias y prácticas de los actores. Con el objetivo de desandar las lógicas que hacen posible el subregistro y omisión de homicidios, se realizó una etnografía en 2016 en un barrio caracterizado por la vulnerabilidad social y altos niveles de violencia, ubicado al suroeste de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en el Conurbano Bonaerense. La metodología incluyó la realización de observaciones participantes en diferentes espacios del barrio, entrevistas abiertas, semi-estructuradas y grupales. En función de ello, a partir del análisis específico de un caso en el que no se registró la muerte violenta de un joven y otro en la que se clasificaron 2 homicidios como suicidios, se desandan las lógicas barriales que hicieron posible este tratamiento de la muerte violenta y se reflexiona sobre dinámicas sociales producidas y reproducidas al interior del barrio.
Avaliação no ensino fundamental das escolas públicas da rede municipal de Jaguarão-RS
Authors: Martins Carvalho Dutra Rosa Maria , Bretanha Santiago , De Freitas Sias Maria Alice , Da Silva Rodrigues Ana Cristina 
Published: May 2018

A avaliação pode ser considerada como ponto fundamental no que diz respeito ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, permitindo-nos elencar subsídios para que os docentes direcionem sua prática, as escolas reestruturem seus projetos pedagógicos, os sistemas de ensino definam políticas públicas para que se invista na educação para o sucesso. Faz-se necessária uma avaliação que pressuponha acompanhamento individualizado, em vistas de evitar a evasão escolar e a repetência, que verifique o rendimento escolar de forma continua e formativa levando em consideração a realidade local e os indicadores de cada escola em particular. Este trabalho objetiva investigar as características da avaliação utilizada no município de Jaguarão relacionando essas aos documentos oficiais - Plano Municipal de Educação (Lei nº 13.005/2014) e Plano Nacional de Educação. Diante disso, a pesquisa pretende propor, por meio de projeto de intervenção no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, uma avaliação que auxilie a gestão escolar a melhorar os rumos da educação no município, para que alcance os índices estabelecidos pelo IDEB. O projeto está sendo desenvolvido nas escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Jaguarão, especificamente com a participação dos supervisores das Escolas de Ensino Fundamental e professores de Língua Portuguesa - anos finais. Esta pesquisa, metodologicamente, é do tipo intervenção pedagógica, uma vez que trabalha com dados gerados pelo estudo, busca como produto final a mudança e nasce da necessidade de dialogar com a teoria. A metodologia para coleta e análise de dados parte de uma abordagem qualitativa.
Evaluation of metronomic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy
Authors: Matsuyama Arata , Schott Courtney R. , Wood Geoffrey A. , Richardson Danielle , Woods J. Paul , Mutsaers Anthony J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of metronomic cyclophosphamide (MC) chemotherapy (primary treatment of interest) with adjuvant meloxicam administration as maintenance treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following limb amputation and carboplatin chemotherapy.
DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study.
ANIMALS 39 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma that underwent limb amputation and completed carboplatin chemotherapy from January 2011 through December 2015.
PROCEDURES Dogs were grouped by whether carboplatin chemotherapy had been followed with or without MC chemotherapy (15 mg/m2, PO, q 24 h) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). The Breslow rank test was used to assess whether MC chemotherapy was associated with overall survival time (OST) and disease progression-free time (PFT) after limb amputation.
RESULTS 19 dogs received carboplatin and MC chemotherapy, and 20 dogs received only carboplatin chemotherapy. No differences were identified between these groups regarding age, reproductive status, body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, tumor location, or histologic grade or subtype of osteosarcoma. Median duration of MC chemotherapy for dogs in the carboplatin-MC group was 94 days (range, 7 to 586 days); this treatment was discontinued for 11 (58%) dogs when cystitis developed. Overall, 11 (28%) dogs survived to the time of analysis, for a median follow-up period of 450 days (range, 204 to 1,400 days). No difference in median PFT or OST was identified between the 2 groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maintenance MC chemotherapy following limb amputation and completed carboplatin chemotherapy was associated with no increase in PFT or OST in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Cystitis was common in MC-treated dogs, and prophylactic treatment such as furosemide administration could be considered to reduce the incidence of cystitis in such dogs.
Association of surgical approach with complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma: 107 cases (1991–2014)
Authors: Gemignani Francesco , Mayhew Philipp D. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Palaigos Jason , Runge Jeffrey J. , Holt David E. , Robertson Nicholas A. , Seguin Bernard , Walker Meaghan , Singh Ameet , Liptak Julius M. , Romanelli Giorgio , Martano Marina , Boston Sarah E. , Lux Cassie , Busetto Roberto , Culp William T. N. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Burton Jenna H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate potential associations between surgical approach and complication rate, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 107 client-owned cats.
PROCEDURES Medical records of cats that underwent surgical excision of mammary adenocarcinoma by means of a unilateral or bilateral (staged or single-session) mastectomy at 9 hospitals between 1991 and 2014 were reviewed. Relevant clinicopathologic data and details of surgical and adjuvant treatments were recorded. Outcome data were obtained, including postoperative complications, progression-free survival time, and disease-specific survival time.
RESULTS Complications occurred in 12 of 61 (19.7%) cats treated with unilateral mastectomy, 5 of 14 (35.7%) cats treated with staged bilateral mastectomy, and 13 of 32 (40.6%) cats treated with single-session bilateral mastectomy. Complications were significantly more likely to occur in cats undergoing bilateral versus unilateral mastectomy. Median progression-free survival time was longer for cats treated with bilateral mastectomy (542 days) than for cats treated with unilateral mastectomy (289 days). Significant risk factors for disease progression included unilateral mastectomy, tumor ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and tumors arising in the fourth mammary gland. Significant risk factors for disease-specific death included lymph node metastasis and development of regional or distant metastasis. Among cats that did not develop metastasis, unilateral mastectomy was a significant risk factor for disease-specific death. Treatment with chemotherapy was associated with a significantly decreased risk of disease-specific death.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported bilateral mastectomy for the treatment of mammary adenocarcinoma in cats to improve progression-free and disease-specific survival time. Performing bilateral mastectomy in a staged fashion may help to decrease the complication rate.
Homogeneous Substitute Material Model for Reinforced Concrete Modeling
Authors: Siwiński J. , Stolarski A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract This paper outlines a method of determining the deformation and strength parameters for a hypothetical, homogeneous, substitute material which approximates the properties of heterogeneous materials in reinforced concrete elements. The model of the substitute material creates a concrete reference model, in which the static - strength - deformation parameters were modified on the basis of the homogenizing function with the homogenization coefficient assumed as the effective reinforcement ratio of the reinforced concrete structural elements. The results of the comparative analysis of the numerical models using the hypothetical substitute material with experimental results for statically loaded beams and deep beams taken from the literature are presented.
The Influence of the Soil Environment on the Corrosivity of Failure Infrastructure - Case Study of the Exemplary Water Network
Authors: Pękala A. , Pietrucha-Urbanik K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract In the paper the issue connected with water network failure regarding the soil conditions was presented. Water pipes constitute a large part of water company asset. Therefore the analysis concerning the influence of soil conditions into failure occurrence of water pipe is crucial for proper functioning of water supply systems (WSS). In the performed studies the real data from the operation of the exemplary WSS was obtained. The following properties of the ground conditions were taken into consideration among others: the chemical composition and ground phase, based on analysis performed through the following equipment, as the electron microscope with X-ray spectrometer detector and backscattered electrons (BSE) using the powder Debye-Sherrer’s method and X-ray diffractometer. The analysis indicate dependence between soil conditions and corrosivity occurrence, what indicate the importance of performed analysis.
Impact of Mathematics on the Theoretical Computer Science Course Units in the General Degree Program in Computer Science at Sri Lankan State Universities
Authors: Thambithurai Sritharan 
Published: May 2018

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how Advanced level Mathematics and Mathematics course units offered at university level do impact on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units.

Background:	In Sri Lankan state universities, students have been enrolled only from the Physical Science stream to do a degree program in Computer Science. In addition to that, universities have been offering some course units in Mathematics to provide the required mathematical maturity to Computer Science undergraduates. Despite of this it is observed that the failure rates in fundamental theoretical Computer Science course units are much higher than other course units offered in the general degree program every year.

Methodology	: Academic records comprised of all 459 undergraduates from three consecutive batches admitted to the degree program in Computer Science from a university were considered for this study.

Contribution: This study helps academics in identifying suitable curricula for Mathematics course units to improve students’ performance in theoretical Computer Science courses.

Findings: Advanced level Mathematics does not have any significant effect on the academic performance of theoretical Computer Science course units. Even though all Mathematics course units offered were significantly correlated with academic performance of every theoretical Computer Science course unit, only the Discrete Mathematics course unit highly impacted on the academic performance of all three theoretical Computer Science course units. Further this study indicates that the academic performance of female undergraduates is better than males in all theoretical Computer Science and Mathematics course units.

Future Research: Identifying other critical success factors contributing to the students’ academic performance of the theoretical Computer Science through empirical studies
Redes criminosas e organização local do tráfico de drogas na periferia de Belém
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares 
Published: May 2018

Nos últimos anos o crescimento desenfreado do tráfico de drogas em Belém vem tendo como resultado a expansão da violência urbana, sobretudo, relacionada á organização criminosa em rede e á disputa entre facções rivais pelo controle e uso do território. Assim, a periferia da metrópole foi incorporada á lógica perversa da economia do crime, onde o território usado pelo tráfico promove situação de instabilidade social e desafia o poder público, visto que, os grupos criminosos sobre o domínio do território impõem limites e regras características da territorialidade desses atores sociais que reproduzem o espaço criminalizado e manifestam uma ordem simbólica do medo que atinge a sociedade. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois bairros periféricos da cidade, hoje considerados os mais violentos. Além disso, destacam-se o processo de expansão urbana de Belém em direção suas áreas periféricas que cresceram de forma espontânea e acelerada, manifestando uma concentração espacial da pobreza urbana, típica de favelas e que foram incorporadas pelas redes criminosas na configuração de territórios do tráfico de drogas e que hoje é palco dos mais diversos conflitos sociais, envolvendo o Estado e a sociedade.
Sistemas de Informação (SIGO) da Polícia Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul: uma avaliação da satisfação dos usuários
Authors: Maia Luciano Costa , Ferreira Fábio Rafael , Serrar Guilherme Domont de Morais , Freitas Wesley Ricardo Souza , Sousa Dalton , Araújo Elton Gean 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo tem como objetivo identificar a percepção dos policiais militares em relação ás funcionalidades, limitações e vantagens do sistema de informação utilizado, isto é, se atende Ã s expectativas dos usuários. Foram revisados os conceitos de sistema de informações, as dimensões do SI e sua aplicabilidade á segurança pública. Por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada junto a 60 policiais, o que equiva a mais de 40% dos batalhões de Aparecida do Taboado, Inocência, Cassilândia, Costa Rica, Figueirão, Chapadão do Sul e Paraíso das Ãguas, constatou-se que a ferramenta SIGO atende completamente as expectativas dos policiais militares, entretanto, necessitam da integração com o sistema INFOSEG. Desta forma, espera que o governo do Estado continue investindo e aperfeiçoando o sistema de informações da segurança pública.
Decreased survival of pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus carrying shotgun pellets
Authors: Madsen Jesper , Noer Henning 
Published: May 2018

Pink‐footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus caught during March–April 1990–1992 in western Jutland, Denmark, were examined for shotgun pellets by X‐ray photography, marked by individual colour neck‐bands and released. Based on resightings during 1991–1995, survival rates of pellet carriers (N = 114) and non‐carriers (N = 230) were compared. Annual resighting probabilities were more than 99%, resulting in a high precision of survival rate estimates. No indications of differences in survival between sexes or age classes (first‐year and older) were found, but pellet carriers had a significantly lower survival (0.765) than non‐carriers (0.869), this difference being constant between years and cohorts. Since pellet carrying individuals could theoretically represent a non‐random subset of the population, this is not conclusive evidence that infliction of pellets affects survival. The lower survival affects the frequency of adult pellet carriers found in X‐ray samplings. Correcting for this, the evidence strongly suggests that pellets are inflicted upon at least 0.7 goose for each bagged one.
Does harvesting arable crops influence the behaviour of the European hare Lepus europaeus?
Authors: Marboutin Eric , Aebischer Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2018

Behavioural changes of 20 radio‐tagged European hares Lepus europaeus were analysed in relation to the harvesting of summer crops under intensive large‐scale farming in northeastern France. Focal sampling was also performed to estimate activity budgets and to analyse vigilance sequences according to group size and pre/post‐harvest factors. Night‐time ranges were 40% larger than day‐time ranges; the total home range size was 190 ± 53 ha. Both night‐time and day‐time range sizes were independent of the pre/post harvest factor, although pre‐harvest range centres shifted after harvest and the overlap areas were avoided. Habitat use within ranges was independent of the day/night and pre/post harvest factors, and hares made a larger use of cultivated areas than expected by chance (P < 0.01). Landscape diversity in the home range of hares was lower after harvest than before, but the animals did not maximise their access to crop diversity. Time spent scanning was negatively correlated with group size (r = ‐0.32, P < 0.005) and vigilance levels averaged lower after than before harvest (P < 0.05). Inter‐scan intervals (ISIs) were non‐randomly distributed and periodicity in the scanning behaviour was identified using spectral analysis. Hares foraging alone displayed a stronger cyclic pattern in vigilance sequences (i) than hares foraging communally (P = 0.043), and (ii) after than before harvest (P = 0.047). These results were analysed in connection with increased predation risks and shifts in resource distribution.
Active wolverineGulo gulodens as a minimum population estimator in Scandinavia
Authors: Landa Arild , Tufto Jarle , Franzén Robert , Bø Terje , Lindén Mats , Swenson Jon E. 
Published: May 2018

Minimum numbers of wolverinesGulo gulowere estimated for Scandinavia, based on the average number of active dens recorded in 1995–1997. To estimate the proportion of females active at dens, we followed individual females using radio‐telemetry in northern Sweden, northern Norway and south‐central Norway. The sex and age structure of the population was estimated based on a sample of wolverines harvested before the introduction of protective measures and harvest restrictions. Our results are compared with those found in other published wolverine studies, mostly from North America. The Scandinavian population of one‐year‐old and older wolverines was estimated at 413 ± 71 (SD) individuals (265 ± 55 in Sweden and 147 ± 25 in Norway). This method gave a lower population estimate than those found in earlier surveys based on summation of local (municipality) estimates (Troms) and on local tracking surveys (Nordland). The differences may be explained by the existence of a large number of undiscovered natal dens in the two counties mentioned above, but the previous estimates were based on methodologies with sources of error that could inflate estimates. The population size in south‐central Norway (the Snøhetta plateau, Trollheimen, Reinheimen and Rondane), based on the average number of active natal dens during 1995–1997, was estimated to be 26 ± 7 individuals. This was in concordance with the 23–30 individuals estimated from intensive tracking and radio‐telemetry in spring 1995. Monitoring wolverine reproduction as a basis for population estimates could provide an important management tool. Based on our results, we recommend that the management authorities in Norway closely monitor the presently high harvest rate of wolverines in parts of the country, and establish population monitoring methods that allow continuous evaluation of management strategies.