bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Soil Resilience and Crop Productivity Through Recycling of Spent Mushroom Substrate: A Transition Towards Circular Economy in Hill Agriculture
Authors: Annepu Sudheer Kumar , Pushpanathan Raja , Karuppasamy Rajan , Palanisamy Sundarambal , Kurathalvar Kannan , Vanitha SM , Barh Anupam , Shirur Mahantesh , Khatri Poonam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnlike make–use–dispose practice in the linear economy, the circular economy aims to achieve make–use–recycle–reuse to realize higher environmental gains with minimum costs. In the present study, cultivation of Agaricus bisporus was attempted, and 20.4 kg of fresh mushroom yield was harvested per 100 kg of compost. The leftover spent mushroom substrate (SMS) after harvesting the mushrooms was further re‐composted to convert it into spent mushroom compost (SMC). French beans were raised in a field trial with SMC prepared by different methods, and a maximum yield of 11.15 t ha−1 was recorded with the application of SMC enriched with rock phosphate at 2% w/w. SMC had exhibited a strong de‐acidifying effect in the soils of the high‐rainfall temperate region of the Western Ghats, India. The soil organic carbon increased significantly by 29% than the untreated control, and the soil micro‐aggregates increased significantly from 6.72% in the pre‐treated soil to 37.39% in SMC‐treated soil. Soil CO2 efflux at the field conditions was found to be 26.5% lower in SMC‐treated soil (0.47 µmol m−2 s−1) than the recommended practice of application of farmyard manure (0.64 µmol m−2 s−1) in the study area. High‐throughput sequencing to study the fungal biota revealed that SMC‐applied soils were dominated by the genus Mortierella. Adopting circular economy practices in hill agriculture can lead to more resilient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly agricultural systems, which are essential for the long‐term viability of agriculture in these regions.
10 practical priorities to prevent and manage serious allergic reactions: GA2LEN ANACare and EFA Anaphylaxis Manifesto
Authors: Muraro Antonella , de Silva Debra , Podesta Marcia , Anagnostou Aikaterini , Cardona Victoria , Halken Susanne , Smith Pete , Tanno Luciana Kase , Turner Paul , Worm Margitta , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Arasi Stefania , Asarnoj Anna , Barni Simona , Beyer Kirsten , Bilaver Lucy A. , Bird Andrew , Bonaguro Roberta , Brough Helen A. , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Cook Emma E. , Demoulin Céline , Deschildre Antoine , Dribin Timothy E. , Ebisawa Motohiro , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Fiocchi Alessandro , Fleischer David M. , Garrow Eleanor , Gerdts Jennifer , Giovannini Mattia , Järvinen Kirsi M. , Kelly Mary , Knol Edward F. , Lack Gideon , Lazzarotto Francesca , Le Thuy‐My , Leonard Stephanie , Lieberman Jay , Makris Michael , Mandelbaum Lianne , Marchisotto Mary Jane , Marino Gustavo Andres , Mori Francesca , Nilsson Caroline , Nowak‐Wegrzyn Anna , Odemyr Mikaela , Oude Elberink H. N. G. , Palosuo Kati , Patel Nandinee , Pier Jennifer , Poblete Sung , Rachid Rima , Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Said Maria , Sampson Hugh A. , Sánchez Sanz Angel , Schnadt Sabine , Schultz Fallon , Toniolo Alice , Upton Julia E. M. , Venter Carina , Vickery Brian P. , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Wang Julie , Roberts Graham , Zuberbier Torsten ,   GALEN ANACare Centres and EFA
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis Anaphylaxis Manifesto calls on communities to prioritise 10 practical actions to improve the lives of people at risk of serious allergic reactions. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network and the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) compiled patient‐centric priorities. We used qualitative consensus methods, research evidence and feedback from over 200 patient groups, stakeholder organisations and healthcare professionals. We encourage healthcare, education and food organisations to collaborate with people at risk of serious allergic reactions to tackle safety, anxiety and financial burdens for individuals and societies. Key priorities for prevention include awareness‐raising campaigns for the public and professionals, school and workplace initiatives and mandatory precautionary allergen labels on food. Priorities for improving immediate and long‐term management include educating healthcare professionals, patients and schools about when and how to use adrenaline, funding two approved adrenaline devices for everyone at risk, and facilitating access to allergy specialists. Integrated care pathways should include clinical and non‐clinical management options such as individualised risk assessment and quality of life assessment, self‐management plans, dietetic and psychosocial support and peer support. Organisations around the world are committing to work together towards these priorities.
Influence of Halogen Substituents on the Photophysical Properties of 7‐Hydroxycoumarin: Insights from Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Hawkins Bryson A. , Adair Liam D. , Ryder William G. , Du Jonathan J. , Najib Elias , New Elizabeth J. , Gale Philip A. , Platts James A. , Groundwater Paul W. , Hibbs David E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe benzopyrone molecule coumarin is a popular fluorescent scaffold, but how chemical modifications affect its properties is not well understood. We investigated this using halogenated 7‐hydroxycoumarin, unsubstituted 4‐methylumbiliferone, and ortho‐chloro and bromo substitutions on the phenolic ring. Charge density data from X‐Ray diffraction and computational methods revealed that halogenation at the ortho position significantly reduced quantum yield (QY). Specifically, 7‐hydroxycoumarin (1) had a QY of 70 %, while ortho‐chloro (2) and ortho‐bromo (3) had QYs of 61 % and 30 %, respectively. Experimental data showed that these molecules excited similarly, but the electrostatic potential and dipole moments indicated that 2 and 3 dissipated excitation energy more easily due to charge separation. The heavy‐atom effect of Cl and Br did not fully explain the QY reductions, suggesting other radiative decay processes were involved. By incorporating spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) effects, we estimated intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence rates, providing theoretical QYs of 78 % for 1, 59 % for 2, and 15 % for 3. The large deviation for 3 was attributed to its higher SOC potential derived in computational calculations. Our overall findings indicate that 3’s reduced QY results from a mix of SOC‐induced ISC and charge dissipation due to the electronegativity of Br atom, while 2’s reduction is primarily due to charge separation caused by Cl alone. Further studies are needed to validate this approach with other scaffolds.
Efficacy of the Eat Breathe Thrive Recovery Protocol Delivered Virtually to Adults Recovering From Eating Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cook‐Cottone Catherine , Roff Chelsea , Perey Iris , Lagutaine Marianne , Guyker Wendy 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCurrent treatments for eating disorders have limited effectiveness, leaving over half of patients unremitted. The evaluation of emerging interventions to support recovery is therefore critical. This study evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of an innovative, virtual intervention for eating disorders (Eat Breathe Thrive; EBT‐R).MethodParticipants recovering from eating disorders from 27 different countries (N = 277) were randomly allocated to EBT‐R or waitlist conditions. Assessments were completed at baseline, postintervention, and three‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes were eating disorders and co‐occurring psychopathology; secondary outcomes included measures of positive embodiment.ResultsCompared with controls, participants in EBT‐R demonstrated significant improvements in eating disorders and associated psychopathology (i.e., depression, anxiety) than controls. Participants also reported increased appreciation for the body, interoception, interoceptive attunement, intuitive eating, emotion regulation, mindful self‐care, and integrity.DiscussionThis study evaluated the efficacy of a brief, virtual, embodiment‐focused intervention for eating disorders. The findings suggest that EBT‐R may be an effective intervention to support recovery from eating disorders and development of positive embodiment.
Live Fast, Die Young: Life History Traits of an Apex Predator Exacerbate the Ecological Impact of a Toxic Invader
Authors: Ward‐Fear Georgia , Brown Gregory P. , Pettit Lachlan , Rollins Lee‐Ann , Shine Richard 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe studied a population of large varanid lizards (yellow‐spotted monitors Varanus panoptes) on a floodplain in tropical Australia. Growth records from radio‐tracked lizards show that despite their large adult body sizes (to > 7 kg in males), these lizards attained sexual maturity at less than 1 year of age and rarely lived for more than 2 years (females) or 4 years (males), even before mortality increased due to the arrival of toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina). This is a “faster” life history than has been reported for other species of large monitors. Growth was especially rapid in males during the wet season. The low survivorship prior to toad invasion was due to predation by pythons; communal nesting by female varanids may render them especially vulnerable. The life history of yellow‐spotted monitors requires high feeding rates, favouring the evolution of “risky” tactics such as consuming novel prey items (such as cane toads); and the combination of high abundance (> 20 adult lizards per square kilometre) and high feeding rates (> 9.9 kg of prey per lizard per annum) means that these giant lizards play a critical role in energy and nutrient flow within the floodplain ecosystem. As a result, foodwebs with the yellow‐spotted monitor as an apex predator are more vulnerable to disruption by cane toads than is the case in other parts of the toad's invasive range, where the varanid species affected by toads have “slower” life histories.
Recent Advancement on Ring Expansion of Bicyclic Diaziridines to Access N‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Karjee Pallab , Shah Tariq A. , Mandal Santu , Debnath Bijoy , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBicyclic diaziridines are important heterocyclic scaffolds, which can be cleaved into 1,3‐zwiterionic species to serve as a versatile precursor in fabricating biologically important N‐hetero‐ and spiro‐cyclic structural frameworks. Owing to their staple architecture, inherent ring strain and ease of synthesis, considerable advancements have been made by employing bicyclic diaziridines towards the construction of heterocyclic systems of biological importance. A significant surge with appreciable efforts in the adoption of such strategies has led to their implementation by the synthetic chemists. This article focuses on the developments in ring expansion of bicyclic diaziridines employed in N‐heterocycle synthesis.
S‐Nucleophilic Imidazoline Ring Expansion: a Novel Approach to the Formation of Medium‐Sized Thiolactames
Authors: Rastorgueva Maria S. , Nikolaev Dmitrii M. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N. , Sapegin Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel method has been successfully developed for the synthesis of medium‐sized heterocycles containing thioamide groups. This approach facilitates the expansion of the imidazoline moiety within the condensed ring system through the action of S‐nucleophiles, enabling access to a broader and more diverse chemical space for natural product analogs and bioactive compounds. A series of [1,4,7]thia‐(oxa−)diazecin‐9‐thiones were efficiently synthesized from diarene‐fused [1.4]heteroazepines using this transformation, achieving yields ranging from 28–58 %.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface‐Aided MIMO Secure Communication System With Finite‐Alphabet Inputs
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Wang Shilian , Luo Junshan , Chen Weiyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExisting research in the field of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)‐aided physical layer security assumed Gaussian signal inputs, which is inapplicable to practical communication systems, where finite‐alphabet inputs are used. This paper considers an RIS‐aided secure multiple‐input multiple‐output wireless communication system with finite‐alphabet inputs, where artificial noise (AN) is invoked at the transmitter to enhance the secure performance. In order to maximize the secrecy rate (SR), the data precoder, the AN precoder, and RIS's reflection coefficients are jointly optimized subject to the constraints of the maximum transmit power and the finite resolution of the phase shifts of RIS. Particularly, due to the finite‐alphabet input, the exact expression of the SR involves multiple integrals and lacks a closed‐form expression. To tackle this, a closed‐form lower bound of the SR is derived as the objective function, which is theoretically proved to be equal to the SR in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio region. Numerical results show that the RIS can significantly improve the secure performance, and the maximum possible SR (due to the finite‐alphabet inputs) can be achieved by increasing the number of the RIS's elements or by increasing the transmit power, which shows the performance advantage of the proposed optimization algorithm.
How Does Nature Create the Painting “Gradient Coloration of ‘Manicure Finger’ Grape”? Integrated Omics Unveil the Pigments Basis and Metabolism Networks of Its Formation
Authors: Bao Shihan , Li Jianing , Wang Jiaqi , Lan Tian , Wei Mengyuan , Sun Xiangyu , Fang Yulin , Ma Tingting 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT‘Manicure Finger’ grape exhibits gradient coloration during veraison, where the lower part of the skin changes color faster and intenser than the upper, giving the same berry a gradient color from green on the top to red on the bottom. This unique characteristic distinguishes it from other table grape varieties and makes it highly commercially valuable. However, because the formation mechanisms of gradient coloration are unclear, ‘Manicure Finger’ lags behind other grapes in the development of breeding, cultivation, and storage technologies, occupying only a small share of the table grape market. Here, based on integrated omics including anthocyanin, flavonoid metabolome, and transcriptome, the substances basis and metabolic mechanisms regulating gradient coloration were thoroughly resolved. In ‘Manicure Finger’, eight anthocyanins including malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified as color‐presenting substances, while flavones and flavonols, especially kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, functioned as co‐pigments. Spatial differences in their accumulation were substances basis for gradient coloration. In the lower skin, these substances accumulated faster due to the higher expression levels of structural genes VvF3´5´H1, VvF3´5´H2, VvANS, VvGT1, and VvFAOMT, which were further modulated by transcription factors VvMYBA1, VvMYBA2, VvMYBA3, and VvMYBA6. Novel transcription factors VvbHLH148, VvMYBA22, and VvMYBA3 were also most probably involved in this regulatory process. Histone acylation regulated by VvHAC1 and lysine methylation regulated by VvHMT1 might underlie the epigenetic basis of gradient coloration. Overall, the metabolic networks underlying gradient coloration were comprehensively constructed at levels of color‐presenting substances, structural genes and transcription factors, offering valuable insights into the precise regulation of ‘Manicure Finger’ color formation.
The nutritional knowledge and the perception of weight‐loss strategies for obese patients among emergency medicine doctors in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Kwun Bun , Yeung Kwong Hang , Li Shi Ying Christine , Hung Kevin Kei Ching 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionObesity is commonly seen in patients attending the emergency department (ED). Opportunities to provide nutritional advice to patients with obesity are often overlooked in ED settings. Numerous barriers and perceptions exist among healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore the ED physicians' attitudes, practices, nutritional knowledge and barriers towards nutrition advice in weight management for obese patients in the ED.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey conducted from February to April 2024. The self‐designed questionnaire consisted of questions regarding respondents' characteristics, attitudes, practices and barriers towards providing nutrition advice for obese patients in the ED and assessing the knowledge of nutrition among ED doctors. Non‐parametric tests and Pearson correlation were performed for statistical analysis. The responses between doctors with normal body mass index (BMI) and extreme BMI groups (“BMI < 18.5” and “BMI > 25.0”) were compared.ResultsThis study included 120 responses with a response rate of 16.9%. The mean nutritional knowledge score for doctors with normal BMI was 54.4 ± 14.5, and it was significantly higher than that of doctors who self‐reported as underweight (46.3 ± 5.6 and p = 0.049) or overweight (48.9 ± 16.1 and p = 0.029). The top barrier to nutrition support for obese patients in ED settings was “too busy to give nutrition advice” (77.5%).ConclusionsOur study highlighted the common barriers to offering nutritional advice and insufficient nutrition training among ED physicians. Integrating comprehensive nutrition education into our undergraduate medical training and providing regular evidence‐based nutritional courses may improve patients' and physicians' health.
Maternal self‐efficacy during infancy: Investigating the roles of depression and social support among mothers in rural Pakistan
Authors: Frost Allison , Hagaman Ashley , Haight Sarah , Ikram Naira , Turner Liz , Bhalotra Sonia , Sikander Siham , Maselko Joanna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMaternal self‐efficacy during infancy is shaped by many factors, including maternal mental health and social support. This study examines how depression, emotional support, and childcare support relate to maternal self‐efficacy among mothers of infants in rural Pakistan. Participants included 885 mothers assessed at 3 and 6 months postpartum. At 3 months postpartum, mothers completed interview measures of depression, emotional social support, support with day‐to‐day childcare tasks (daily childcare support), and childcare support when they were unable to care for their child (childcare support when needed). At 6 months postpartum, participants reported on maternal self‐efficacy. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between depression and social support at 3 months and maternal self‐efficacy at 6 months, as well as the interaction between depression and social support. Depression at 3 months was not associated with maternal self‐efficacy at 6 months when controlling for depression at 6 months. Emotional support was associated with increased self‐efficacy, but daily childcare support was not. We found weak evidence that childcare support when needed was associated with increased self‐efficacy only among mothers with depression. Results suggest that emotional support and childcare support when needed may be helpful for promoting mothers’ self‐efficacy.
Breaks in the Phillips Curve: Evidence From Panel Data
Authors: Smith Simon C. , Timmermann Allan , Wright Jonathan H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe revisit the Phillips curve, applying new Bayesian panel methods with structural breaks to US and EU disaggregate data. Our approach lets us estimate both the number and timing of breaks and to determine the existence of clusters of industries, cities, or countries whose Phillips curves display similar patterns. We find evidence of a flattening for US sectoral data and among EU countries, particularly poorer ones. Evidence of flattening is weaker for MSA‐level data and the wage Phillips curve. We find evidence of a kink in the Phillips curve, which remains relatively steep when the economy is running hot.
Unveiling the Antiferromagnetic Properties of Cr2Pbn (n = 3–20) Clusters
Authors: Wang Kai , Xu Shuai , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAssembling antiferromagnetic (AFM) clusters is perhaps an effective way to construct AFM materials to meet the increasing demand for micro/nano spintronic devices, which promotes the exploration of AFM clusters. Herein, we unveil the structural evolution, electronic, and AFM properties of Cr2Pbn (n = 3–20) clusters based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that the Cr impurities prefer the central axis positions of the skeleton in these Cr2Pbn (n = 3–20) clusters. For sizes n ≤ 6, their structures are exohedral structures with the two Cr atoms exposed outside, endohedral Cr@Pbn configuration with one Cr atom interior appears at size 7, and the resulting endohedral structure is then gradually covered by the additional Pb atoms to form endohedral Cr2@Pbn structures for n = 15–20. All Cr2Pbn clusters are antiferromagnets, except for the ferrimagnetic Cr2Pb11 with a net magnetic moment of 2 μB. The discovered stable Cr2Pb17 cluster can assemble into dimers and trimers while maintaining its geometric structure and AFM properties, indicating the potential of becoming structural units for cluster‐assembled AFM materials.
Investigation of chromosomal anomalies and copy number variations in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by array CGH method
Authors: Kılıçaslan Fethiye , Öz Özlem , Mutlu Mehmet Burak 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the chromosomal anomalies and copy number variations (CNVs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to provide genotype/phenotype correlations. Fifty‐four patients diagnosed with ASD between March 2021 and June 2022 were included in the study. Patients were evaluated by cytogenetic analysis and array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis (aCGH). The structural and numerical chromosomal anomaly was detected in 3.7%, and the CNVs were identified in 18.52% of patients. Of the CNVs detected, 27.3% were identified as pathogenic, 18.2% as likely pathogenic and 54.5% as VUS. The copy number gain rate of the detected CNVs was higher than the copy number losses rate, 70% and 30% respectively. As an important finding in the study, a new pathogenic CNV with a 6.3‐mb copy number gain in the 3p22.3p22.2 region, whose gene region had not been previously defined in OMIM, was detected. Identifying a genetic aetiology may provide clinicians with more information about disease prognosis and risk of recurrence.
Cefixime‐Infused Green ZnO Nanoplatelets With Enhanced Biological Potential
Authors: Munsaf Amna , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Haq Ihsan ul , Akram Bilal , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe escalating resistance to traditional antibiotics causes a significant hazard to public health, demanding innovative antimicrobial strategies. This study introduces cefixime‐infused green‐synthesized zinc oxide nanoplatelets (ZnO NPts) highlighting their enhanced biological potential. The successful formation of ZnO NPts and their subsequent infusion with cefixime were confirmed using various characterization techniques: UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Comparing cefixime‐functionalized ZnO NPts with pure ZnO and cefixime alone, biological assessments revealed that the former exhibited stronger antifungal activity against the tested strains. Moreover, these NPts demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity in tests with Artemia salina larvae and pronounced antioxidant activity in TAC, TRP, and DPPH assays. These findings emphasize the significant potential of cefixime‐infused ZnO NPts for various biomedical applications, offering enhanced antifungal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties.