bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged transcatheter closure for atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: a case report
Authors: Soma Yusuke , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kanazawa Hideaki , Fukuda Keiichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial septal defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are both common congenital heart diseases, but the combination of these two cardiac defects is extremely rare, and the therapeutic strategy is controversial.Case summaryWe treated an adult patient with combined ASD and PDA, and safely attained a successful outcome with two-stage transcatheter closure, which is PDA closure preceding ASD closure, to prevent serious complications.DiscussionTranscatheter closure of one of the defects is now widely accepted as an alternative to surgical closure. In addition, adults with both ASD and PDA are better suited for transcatheter closure than surgical closure. One of the reasons is the difficulty to ligate the ductus arteriosus of an adult patient due to its friability and calcification. Meanwhile, simultaneous combined transcatheter closure of ASD and PDA can result in serious complications, such as thrombocytopenia and haemolysis, whose mechanism is considered to be the destruction of platelets and red blood cells by the residual shunt through implanted devices. Additionally, antiplatelet therapy that prevents device-related thrombus formation after ASD closure can possibly exacerbate thrombocytopenia and haemolysis. Therefore, the staged strategy is reasonable from the perspectives of antiplatelet therapy and haemodynamic changes.
Ventricular septal rupture presented with chronic heart failure symptoms: a case report
Authors: Michelis Ioannis , Kontonasakis Ioannis , Tsakliadou Christina , Kouvelas Nikolaos 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare mechanical complication following acute myocardial infarction, with very high mortality rate. Haemodynamic deterioration and cardiogenic shock is common in such cases. Rarely, however, patients may show only signs of chronic heart failure or be completely asymptomatic.

Case summary
We report a case of a 72-year-old male patient with VSR following a transmural myocardial infarction. He sought medical attention only after gradually experiencing symptoms of chronic heart failure, weeks after the onset of the myocardial infarction. The patient successfully underwent elective repair surgery, after optimizing the medical therapy and completing the necessary workup.

Discussion
Ventricular septal rupture repair is necessary in all cases due to the high mortality rate if left untreated. The timing of the operation, however, should be decided individually for every patient. Haemodynamically unstable patients may require early surgery, but in stable patients responding to medical treatment, delayed repair may be the best option.
The influence of performance reviews on regional fisheries management organizations
Authors: Haas Bianca , Haward Marcus , McGee Jeffrey , Fleming Aysha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRegional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) are key bodies responsible for managing fisheries on the high seas and also in areas of the ocean under national jurisdiction. The performance of RFMOs has, however, become the focus of broad-based criticism in the context of increasing fishing effort, the scale, and sophistication of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, and concerns over the wider environmental impacts of fishing activities. In response to these criticisms, the United Nations General Assembly has called on RFMOs to carry out performance reviews (PRs) to assess their record in fisheries management. PRs can provide the opportunity to assess the strengths and weaknesses of past actions by specific RFMOs. There is, however, limited information and analysis available on the progress made by RFMOs after PRs have been carried out. To fill this gap, this paper assesses the performance of five RFMOs that have undergone PRs on two occasions. The paper assesses the performance of these five RFMOs against a scoring system that analyses improvements made after the first PR based on the recommendations made in the second PR. This analysis is encouraging, as all five RFMOs demonstrated significant improvement in their performance in the period after their initial PR, especially in “conservation and management” and “international cooperation” activities.
Performance evaluation of a newly developed three-dimensional model-based global-to-local registration in prostate cancer
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakao Megumi , Hirashima Hideaki , Iramina Hiraku , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We evaluated the performance of a newly developed three-dimensional (3D) model-based global-to-local registration of multiple organs, by comparing it with a 3D model-based global registration in the prostate region. This study included 220 prostate cancer patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy or volumetric-modulated arc therapy. Our registration proceeded sequentially, i.e. global registration including affine and piece-wise affine transformation followed by local registration. As a local registration, Laplacian-based and finite element method-based registration was implemented in Algorithm A and B, respectively. Algorithm C was for global registration alone. The template models for the prostate, seminal vesicles, rectum and bladder were constructed from the first 20 patients, and then three different registrations were performed on these organs for the remaining 200 patients, to assess registration accuracy. The 75th percentile Hausdorff distance was <1 mm in Algorithm A; it was >1 mm in Algorithm B, except for the prostate; and 3.9 mm for the prostate and >7.8 mm for other organs in Algorithm C. The median computation time to complete registration was <101, 30 and 16 s in Algorithms A, B and C, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among Algorithms A–C in the Hausdorff distance and computation time. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the difference of Hausdorff distance between Algorithm A and B with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The 3D model-based global-to-local registration, especially that implementing Laplacian-based registration, completed surface registration rapidly and provided sufficient registration accuracy in the prostate region.
Fermi LAT detection of the supernova remnant SN 1006 revisited: The southwest limb
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have recently been updated. Thus we re-analyze the LAT data for the supernova remnant (SNR) SN 1006. Two parts of γ-ray emission from the region are clearly resolved, which correspond to the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) limbs of the SNR. The former has been detected in the previous LAT data (Xing et al. 2016, ApJ, 823, 44), but the latter is newly detected in this work. The detections of the two limbs are at a ∼4σ significance level, and the spectral results for the NE limb are consistent with those obtained in previous detection analyses. We construct the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) for the SW limb. Different scenarios are considered for its SED in γ-ray energies. We conclude that, very similarly in the case of the NE limb, the high-energy and very high-energy emissions from the SW limb is likely dominated by the leptonic process, in which high-energy electrons accelerated from the shell region of the SNR inverse-Compton scatter background photons to γ-rays.
Edith Irby: A Hidden Figure in the History of Medical Education
Authors: Gamble Vanessa Northington 
Published: April 2019

Edith Irby entered the University of Arkansas School of Medicine in September 1948, becoming the first African American to desegregate a Southern medical school. Seventy years later, she has become a hidden figure in the history of medical education.
The author provides a brief biography of Irby (later Jones) and analyzes the factors that led the University of Arkansas to admit Irby, most notably her scholastic excellence and an innovative legal strategy launched by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to eliminate racial inequalities in graduate and professional education. Irby’s admission prompted intensified efforts by medical civil rights activists to desegregate all U.S. medical schools.
The author concludes that the 70th anniversary of Irby’s groundbreaking accomplishment provides an opportunity to acknowledge her significant contribution to the history of medical education and to recognize the continued need to erase persistent racial inequalities in the physician workforce.
Bilateral Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Singh Swati , Choudhary Neeraj K. , Lalin Dusu , Verma Vinod K. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Major lumbar spine surgery causes severe postoperative pain. The primary objective of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effect of ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block on 24-hour postoperative cumulative opioid requirements with standard (opioid-based) analgesia. Postoperative pain control and patient satisfaction were also assessed.

Materials and Methods:
Adults scheduled for elective lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to the following (and they are): Control group-no preoperative ESP block, or ESP block group-preoperative bilateral US-guided ESP block. Both groups received standard general anesthesia during surgery. Postoperative pain score, number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, and total morphine consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours were recorded. Patient satisfaction was assessed 24 hours after surgery.

Results:
Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly lower in patients in the ESP group compared with those in the control group (1.4±1.5 vs. 7.2±2.0 mg, respectively; P<0.001). All patients in the control group required supplemental morphine compared with only 9 (45%) in the ESP block group (P=0.002). Pain scores immediately after surgery (P=0.002) and at 6 hours after surgery (P=0.040) were lower in the ESP block group compared with the control group. Patient satisfaction scores were more favorable in the block group (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
US-guided ESP block reduces postoperative opioid requirement and improves patient satisfaction compared with standard analgesia in lumbar spine surgery patients.
Glass-Box Testing the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Integrated Care Pathway for Major Depressive and Alcohol Use Disorders: Is It More Than a Sum of Its Components?
Authors: Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Probst Charlotte , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Integrated care pathways (ICP) have been successfully developed in multiple areas of medicine with evidence supporting their superior effectiveness when compared to treatment as usual (TAU). There are lack of data indicating that specifically integration of services plays a crucial role in ICP effectiveness rather than simple combination of effective treatment techniques for concurrent major depressive and alcohol use disorders.

Methods:
A clinical chart review was completed to compare patients receiving ICP to those receiving TAU analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models to see if allocation to ICP would be a significant determinant of reduction in drinking.

Results:
Of the 237 patients included into the analyses, 133 patients received ICP treatment and 104 received TAU. Patients were similar in their demographics, but there were differences in several baseline characteristics, 2 of which were significantly associated with reduction of drinking as the primary outcome—baseline alcohol consumption measured as standard drinks per week [SD/w; β = −0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.38 to −0.10, P < 0.001] and cannabis use (β = −17.58, 95% CI −30.89 to −4.28, P < 0.01). Receiving ICP treatment versus TAU was associated with significantly higher reduction in drinking (β = 40.23, 95% CI 30.39 to 52.26, P < 0.001). Almost all treatment parameters were associated with reduction in drinking in univariate analyses and after adjusting for baseline SD/w and cannabis use. In multivariate models only treatment model (β = 27.23, 95% CI 12.47 to 41.99, P < 0.001), baseline SD/w and cannabis use contributed significantly; the assignment to integrated treatment group explained 72% of the variability.

Conclusions:
ICP treatment model is associated with superior treatment outcomes in comparison to TAU. Integration of treatment techniques seems to be more important that the techniques themselves or their intensity.
Neighborhood Perceptions Associated with Gambling Outcomes
Authors: Monson Eva , Kairouz Sylvia , Fleury Marie-Josée , Caron Jean 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Within the field of gambling research, an emerging body of literature has begun to examine the associations between neighborhood context and gambling outcomes (i.e., gambling participation and problems). Previous research has been heavily focused on objective measures of neighborhood influence with few studies examining subjective (i.e., perceived) neighborhood attributes as they relate to gambling outcomes. This study aimed to expand knowledge of the effects of neighborhood characteristics on gambling patterns and problems.

Methods:
Using data derived from the fourth wave of an epidemiological community sample (n = 1862), this study explores the associations between perceived neighborhood contextual factors and gambling participation and problems.

Results:
Our findings reveal that community participation was positively related to gambling participation, even after accounting for control variables (i.e., sex and social support). Perceived neighborhood disorder was positively associated with problem gambling.

Conclusions:
Findings highlight the importance of looking beyond individual risk factors for gambling outcomes. Population-based interventions for gambling problems may benefit from understanding how neighborhood contexts come into play.

Objectifs:
Le domaine de la recherche sur les jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) voit émerger une littérature qui examine les associations entre les facteurs de l’environnement et les habitudes de JHA (c’est-à-dire la participation et les problèmes de jeu). Les recherches antérieures se sont fortement centrées sur les mesures objectives de l’influence de l’environnement et peu d’études ont examiné les caractéristiques perçues de l’environnement en lien avec les comportements de jeu. Cette étude visait à élargir la connaissance des effets des caractéristiques de l’environnement sur les habitudes de JHA.

Méthodes:
À partir de données provenant de la quatrième vague de collecte d’un échantillon épidémiologique recruté dans la communauté (n = 1 862), cette étude explore les associations entre les facteurs contextuels de voisinage perçus, la participation et les problèmes de jeu.

Résultats:
Nos résultats révèlent que la participation communautaire est positivement liée à la participation aux JHA lorsque le sexe et le soutien social sont contrôlés. Le trouble perçu dans le voisinage est associé positivement au jeu problématique.

Conclusion:
Les résultats suggèrent qu’il est important de regarder au-delà des facteurs de risque individuels dans l’étude des habitudes de JHA. Les interventions populationnelles visant les problèmes de JHA bénéficieraient grandement d’une meilleure compréhension du rôle du voisinage.
Traumatic Microbleeds in the Hippocampus and Corpus Callosum Predict Duration of Posttraumatic Amnesia
Authors: Mazwi Nicole L. , Izzy Saef , Tan Can Ozan , Martinez Sergi , Glenn Mel B. , Giacino Joseph T. , Wu Ona , Zafonte Ross , Edlow Brian L. 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
Radiologic predictors of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration are lacking. We hypothesized that the number and distribution of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) detected by gradient recalled echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predicts PTA duration.

Setting:
Academic, tertiary medical center.

Participants:
Adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:
We identified 65 TBI patients with acute GRE MRI. PTA duration was determined with the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test, Orientation Log, or chart review. TMBs were identified within memory regions (hippocampus, corpus callosum, fornix, thalamus, and temporal lobe) and control regions (internal capsule and global). Regression tree analysis was performed to identify radiologic predictors of PTA duration, controlling for clinical PTA predictors.

Main Measures:
TMB distribution, PTA duration.

Results:
Sixteen patients (25%) had complicated mild, 4 (6%) had moderate, and 45 (69%) had severe TBI. Median PTA duration was 43 days (range, 0-240 days). In univariate analysis, PTA duration correlated with TMBs in the corpus callosum (R = 0.29, P = .02) and admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (R = −0.34, P = .01). In multivariate regression analysis, admission GCS score was the only significant contributor to PTA duration. However, in regression tree analysis, hippocampal TMBs, callosal TMBs, age, and admission GCS score explained 26% of PTA duration variance and distinguished a subgroup with prolonged PTA.

Conclusions:
Hippocampal and callosal TMBs are potential radiologic predictors of PTA duration.
Radiologic Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Suppressed Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Cho Hyeki , Chang Young , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Cho Young Youn , Nam Joon Yeul , Lee Yun Bin , Lee Dong Ho , Cho Eun Ju , Yu Su Jong , Kim Yoon Jun , Lee Jeong Min , Yoon Jung-Hwan 
Published: April 2019

Background and Goals:Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is unclear whether NAFLD additionally increases the risk of HCC among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study evaluated the association between NAFLD and the risk of HCC in patients whose hepatitis B virus (HBV) was well controlled.Study:This study included consecutive CHB patients whose serum HBV DNA levels were continuously suppressed <2000 IU/mL with antiviral treatment. Fatty liver was radiologically diagnosed. Patients with concomitant hepatitis C infection, autoimmune hepatitis, or excessive alcohol use were excluded.Results:Among 826 patients, 86 patients (10.4%) developed HCC during the study period (median, 43.1 mo). The patients with NAFLD (N=260) had a significantly higher risk for HCC compared with patients without NAFLD (N=566) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.63;P=0.03) after adjustment for age, the presence of cirrhosis, hepatitis B envelop antigen positivity, low-level viremia and hypertension. There was significant association between incomplete biochemical response (IBR) (alanine aminotransferase levels ≥40 IU/L) and the presence of NAFLD (P<0.001 by χ2test). IBR at the time of virological response was associated with a significantly higher risk of HCC development (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.54;P=0.03).Conclusions:NAFLD increases the risk of HCC in patients with CHB in whom HBV is effectively suppressed by antivirals. Patients with IBR should be suspected of concurrent NAFLD. Further study is warranted to evaluate whether improvement of NAFLD might decrease the risk of HCC development.
A Primer on Social Media Use by Young Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Cho Min-Jeong , Furnas Heather J. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: April 2019

Summary:
Similar to the outcry over the ethics of website marketing by physicians in the 1990s, the resistance to plastic surgeons’ use of social media has been loud and vehement. Many physicians, although receptive to website marketing, view social media as too radical or unprofessional. Despite the controversy, the value of social media as a communication tool for interacting with and educating patients is supported by studies showing that 65 percent of Americans and 90 percent of young adults use social media. Many plastic surgeons have been early adopters, as reflected by the articles written to help board-certified plastic surgeons use social media in academic medicine and for their practice. However, there is little guidance for young plastic surgeons who wish to use social media for professional purposes. In this study, the authors discuss the ethics and current literature on social media use by young plastic surgeons and make recommendations for how to use social media during training and after residency graduation.
Solid solution formation in the metatorbernite–metazeunerite system (Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2−x(AsO4)x.nH2O) and their stability under conditions of variable temperature
Authors: Kulaszewska Joanna , Dann Sandra , Warwick Peter , Kirk Caroline 
Published: April 2019

Mineral phases which can be thought of as members of a metatorbernite–metazeunerite solid solution (Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2−x(AsO4)x.8H2O have been identified in radioactive samples from spoil heaps at the uranium mine site in South Terras, Cornwall (grid referenceSW935523). A complete solid solution (0 < x < 2) was synthesized by precipitation from solution using uranium (VI) nitrate and copper (II) chloride and phosphoric acid/arsenic acid in the appropriate molar proportions. Refined unit cell parameters determined by Pawley fitting of powder X-ray diffraction data showed a linear variation in theaunit cell parameter according to Vegard's Law, allowing the composition of the natural mineral phases found at South Terras to be determined from measurement of their unit cell parameters. High-resolution variable-temperature synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies were carried out at the Diamond Light Source on three members of this solid solution (x = 0, 1, 2) and showed different structural behaviour as a function of composition and temperature. Metatorbenite (x = 0) retains its tetragonal symmetry at low temperatures and dehydrates to an amorphous phase at 473 K, whereas metazeunrite (x = 2) transforms to an orthorhombic phase at low temperatures, regains its tetragonal symmetry on heating to 323 K and undergoes a further transition to an, as yet, unidentified phase at 473 K.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities’.
Incursion of killer spongeTerpios hoshinotaon the coral reefs of Lakshadweep archipelago
Authors: Das Rocktim Ramen , Sreeraj C.R , Mohan Gopi , Abhilash K.R , Samuel Deepak , Ramachandran Purvaja , Ramachandran Ramesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur study documents the outbreak of killer spongeTerpios hoshinotaon the coral reefs of Lakshadweep archipelago and highlights that the killer sponge has further extended its territory in the isolated atolls of the Indian subcontinent.