bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the tempo‐spatial effects of hydraulic fracturing by drilling through underground coal mine strata on desorption characteristics
Authors: Bai Xinhua , Wu Caifang , Liu Xiaolei , Li Yunbo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo elucidate the tempo‐spatial effect and the corresponding mechanism of hydraulic fracturing on gas desorption, the experiments of the hydraulic fracturing in the field and the gas adsorption‐desorption in the laboratory were carried out, respectively. The difference of the effects on the total amount of gas desorption, desorption proportion, moisture content, and in situ gas drainage concentration of the original and fracturing coal samples were studied. The results show that coal moisture increase in the 29 m area of hydraulic fracturing, the greater moisture content and the smaller amount of gas desorption, and the 9 m coal samples moisture content is 2.77 times greater than that of the original coal samples, and whose total amount of gas desorption for 29.8% of the original coal samples. In addition, the closer to the fracturing borehole, the smaller the desorption velocity, which is the fastest in the initial 5 minutes. The desorption velocity of the original coal samples is 5.6 times greater than that of the 9 m coal samples. The desorption proportion of the coal samples is high in early stages, η30 min is 64% (ηi is the proportion of the instantaneous total of gas desorption to the total gas desorption, %), and for η6 h‐12 h is 10%. The tempo‐spatial effects of desorption characteristics can be expressed as the time‐delay effect and a space‐reduction effect. Furthermore, the upper limit of deformation of the coal seam is 3.3‰ and the ability of gas desorption in coal seam significantly decreases. The time of gas drainage concentration exhibits more than 30% increases from the 10 days in the nonfracturing area to 90 days in the fracturing area. Finally, hydraulic fracturing crushes coal, replaces absorption gas, increases the moisture content of coal, reduces various stresses, makes coal shrink, and ultimately achieves the effects of pressure relief and permeability improvement.
Why should we understand the future and how can we do it?
Authors: Karjalainen Joni , Heinonen Sirkka 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis is a book review of Patterns of the Future: Understanding the Next Wave of Global Change by Markku Wilenius (London, UK: World Scientific, 239 p, 2017). The book is aimed at business leaders, decision‐makers, and the general public who are interested in better understanding the forces that are shaping the future. In the review, we discuss especially the challenge of identifying patterns of future dynamics.
A locally conservative and energy‐stable finite‐element method for the Navier‐Stokes problem on time‐dependent domains
Authors: Horváth Tamás L. , Rhebergen Sander 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe present a finite‐element method for the incompressible Navier‐Stokes problem that is locally conservative, energy‐stable, and pressure‐robust on time‐dependent domains. To achieve this, the space‐time formulation of the Navier‐Stokes problem is considered. The space‐time domain is partitioned into space‐time slabs, which in turn are partitioned into space‐time simplices. A combined discontinuous Galerkin method across space‐time slabs and space‐time hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method within a space‐time slab results in an approximate velocity field that is H(div)‐conforming and exactly divergence‐free, even on time‐dependent domains. Numerical examples demonstrate the convergence properties and performance of the method.
Evaluation of a Passive Anion‐Exchange Membrane Micro Fuel Cell Using Glycerol from Several Sources
Authors: Olivares‐Ramírez J. M. , Dector A. , Bañuelos‐Días J. A. , Amaya‐Cruz D. M. , Ortiz‐Verdín A. , Jiménez‐Sandoval O. , Sabaté N. , Esquivel J. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses energy generated in a passive anion‐exchange membrane micro fuel cell (PAEMμFC) using glycerol from several kinds of sources: high‐purity glycerol (HPG), saponification process‐derived glycerol (SPDG), crude glycerol from sunflower oil biodiesel (CGSOB) and crude glycerol from cooking oil biodiesel (CGCOB). Spectrophotometry, volumetric Karl Fischer, gas chromatography, calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, and cyclic voltammetry were employed for the glycerol samples characterization. The PAEMμFC was tested using 0.1M glycerol of each type, achieving power densities of 1.008, 0.932, 0.871, and 0.865 mW cm−2 for HPG, SPDG, CGSOB and CGCOB, respectively. On the other hand, commercially available software from ANSYS, Inc. was used to determine the fuel velocity and pressure in the fuel reservoir and current collector as a complementary evaluation of the PAEMμFC. The results obtained for the prices of the energy of each glycerol sample were presented in order to demonstrate that the cost of energy generated through HPG is approximately 16.5 times the SPDG energy cost and 130 times the CGCOB energy cost.
Morphological profile determines the frequency of spontaneous calcium events in astrocytic processes
Authors: Wu Yu‐Wei , Gordleeva Susan , Tang Xiaofang , Shih Pei‐Yu , Dembitskaya Yulia , Semyanov Alexey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAstrocytes express a complex repertoire of intracellular Ca2+ transients (events) that represent a major form of signaling within individual cells and in astrocytic syncytium. These events have different spatiotemporal profiles, which are modulated by neuronal activity. Spontaneous Ca2+ events appear more frequently in distal astrocytic processes and independently from each other. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying such subcellular distribution of the Ca2+ events. Here, we identify the initiation points of the Ca2+ events within the territory of single astrocytes expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP2 in culture or in hippocampal slices. We found that most of the Ca2+ events start in an optimal range of thin distal processes. Our mathematical model demonstrated that a high surface‐to‐volume of the thin processes leads to increased amplitude of baseline Ca2+ fluctuations caused by a stochastic opening of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. Suprathreshold fluctuations trigger Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release from the Ca2+ stores by activating inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. In agreement with the model prediction, the spontaneous Ca2+ events frequency depended on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Astrocytic depolarization by high extracellular K+ increased the frequency of the Ca2+ events through activation of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels in cultured astrocytes. Our results suggest that the morphological profile of the astrocytic processes is responsible for tuning of the Ca2+ events frequency. Therefore, structural plasticity of astrocytic processes can be directly translated into changes in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. This may be important for both physiological and pathological astrocyte remodeling.
Job sick leave: Detecting opportunistic behavior
Authors: Biscardo Carlo Alberto , Bucciol Alessandro , Pertile Paolo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe utilize a large administrative dataset of sickness leave in Italy (a) to investigate whether private firms are more effective than the public insurer in choosing who to monitor and (b) to study the correlation between potentially opportunistic behavior and the observable characteristics of the employee. We find that private employers are more likely to select into monitoring employees who are fit for work despite being on sick leave, if the public insurer is not supported by any data‐driven tool. However, the use of a scoring mechanism, based on past records, allows the public insurer to be as effective as the employer. This result suggests that the application of machine learning to appropriate databases may improve the targeting of public monitoring to detect opportunistic behavior. Concerning the association between observable characteristics and potentially opportunistic behavior, we find that males, employees younger than 50, those on short leaves, or without a history of illness are more likely to be found fit for work.
Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess
Authors: Li Huijie , Si Bingcheng , Wu Pute , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere have been significant recent advances in understanding the ecohydrology of deep soil. However, the links between root development and water usage in the deep critical zone remains poorly understood. To clarify the interaction between water use and root development in deep soil, we investigated soil water and root profiles beyond maximum rooting depth in five apple orchards planted on farmland with stand ages of 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years in a subhumid region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Apple trees rooted progressively deeper for water with increasing stand age and reached 23.2 ± 0.8 m for the 22‐year‐old trees. Soil water deficit in deep soil increased with tree age and was 1,530 ± 43 mm for a stand age of 22 years. Measured root deepening rate was far great than the reported pore water velocity, which demonstrated that trees are mining resident old water. The deficits are not replenished during the life‐span of the orchard, showing a one‐way mining of the critical zone water. The one‐way root water mining may have changed the fine root profile from an exponential pattern in the 8‐year‐old orchard to a relative uniform distribution in older orchards. Our findings enhance our understanding of water‐root interaction in deep soil and reveal the unintended consequences of critical zone dewatering during the lifespan of apple trees.
Effect of naturally occurring variations of the F‐type lectin sequence motif on glycan binding: studies on F‐type lectin domains with typical and atypical sequence motifs
Authors: Khairnar Aasawari , Sharma Shailza , Bishnoi Ritika , Ramya Thirumalai Nallan Chakravarthy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe typical F‐type lectin domain (FLD) has an L‐fucose‐binding motif [HX(26)RXDX(4)R/K] with conserved basic residues that mediate hydrogen bonding with alpha‐L‐fucose. About one‐third of the nonredundant FLD sequences in the publicly available databases are “atypical”; they have motifs with substitutions of these critical residues and/or variations in motif length. We addressed the question if atypical FLDs with substitutions of the critical residues retain lectin activity by performing site‐directed mutagenesis and assessing the glycan‐binding functions of typical and atypical FLDs. Site directed mutagenesis of an L‐fucose‐binding FLD from Streptosporangium roseum indicated that the critical His residue could be replaced by Ser and the second Arg by Lys without complete loss of lectin activity. Mutagenesis of His to other naturally substituting residues and mutagenesis of the first Arg to the naturally substituting residues, Lys, Ile, Ser, or Cys, resulted in loss of lectin activity. Glycan binding analysis and site‐directed mutagenesis of atypical FLDs from Actinomyces turicensis, and Saccharomonospora cyanea confirmed that Ser and Thr can assume the L‐fucose‐binding role of the critical His, and further suggested that the residue in this position is dispensable in certain FLDs. We identified, by sequence and structural analysis of atypical FLDs, a Glu residue in the complementarity determining region, CDR5 that compensates for a lack of the critical His or other appropriate polar residue in this position. We propose that FLDs lacking a typical FLD sequence motif might nevertheless retain lectin activity through the recruitment of other strategically positioned polar residues in the CDR loops. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):385–397, 2019
Comprehensive lipid profiling of bleomycin‐induced lung injury
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Tanaka Nozomi , Ikari Jun , Suzuki Masaki , Anazawa Rie , Abe Mitsuhiro , Saito Yoshiro , Tatsumi Koichiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrug‐induced lung injury is an adverse effect of drug treatment that can result in respiratory failure. Because lipid profiling could provide cutting‐edge understanding of the pathophysiology of toxicological responses, we performed lipidomic analyses of drug‐induced lung injury. We used a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced lung injury and followed the physiological responses at the acute inflammatory (day 2), inflammatory‐to‐fibrosis (day 7) and fibrosis (day 21) phases. The overall lipid profiles of plasma, lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that drastic changes in lipids occurred in the lung and BALF, but not in the plasma, after 7 and 21 days of bleomycin treatment. In the lung, the levels of ether‐type phosphatidylethanolamines decreased, while those of phosphatidylcholines, bismonophosphatidic acids and cholesterol esters increased on days 7 and 21. In BALF, the global lipid levels increased on days 7 and 21, but only those of some lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerols/bismonophosphatidic acids and phosphatidylinositols, increased from day 2. The lung levels of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin D2, were elevated on day 2, and those of 5‐ and 15‐lipoxygenase metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid were elevated on day 7. In BALF, the levels of 12‐lipoxygenase metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids were elevated on day 7. Our comprehensive lipidomics approach suggested anti‐inflammatory responses in the inflammatory phase, phospholipidosis and anti‐inflammatory responses in the inflammatory‐to‐fibrosis phase, and increased oxidative stress and/or cell phenotypic transitions in the fibrosis phase. Understanding these molecular changes and potential mechanisms will help develop novel drugs to prevent or treat drug‐induced lung injury.
Synthetic polymer coatings diminish chronic inflammation risk in large ECM‐based materials
Authors: Bracaglia Laura G. , Winston Shira , Powell Douglas A. , Fisher John P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDegradable materials that can support cell infiltration and remodeling are the basis of tissue engineered approaches to vascular repair. In addition, to replace or close a large area of the vasculature, a patch material or scaffold must also withstand high pressure over time. Extracellular matrix‐based (ECM‐based) scaffolds offer a biological substrate with environmental cues that can support the formation of appropriate vascular tissue. However, scaffolds made from pure natural materials can degrade rapidly, resulting in reduced mechanical integrity of the implant and possible chronic inflammation in the site. A hybrid biomaterial, combining the matrix‐dense tissue pericardium with a layer of the degradable polymer poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), is suited to withstand rapid enzymatic degradation and control the presentation of an unaltered natural tissue matrix for remodeling activity. In this study, we show that the polymer reinforced hybrid supports cellular infiltration, but has fewer macrophages in the vicinity of the implant after 6 weeks in vivo than an untreated tissue control in both athymic and immunocompetent rat models. This result is supported by changes seen in other inflammatory cell populations. Based on significant differences in the inflammatory response to untreated pericardium and PPF‐reinforced pericardium, we conclude that the polymer reinforcement layer can be used as a tool to leverage presentation of the ECM molecules in ECM‐based scaffolds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 494–504, 2019.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antituberculosis Screening of Some 4‐((3‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐5,6‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrazin‐7(8H)‐l)methyl)benzenamine Hybrids
Authors: Patil Yogesh , Shingare Ramesh , Choudhari Amit , Sarkar Dhiman , Madje Balaji 
Published: December 2018

In the present investigation, a series of 4‐((3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5,6‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrazin‐7(8H)‐yl)methyl)benzenamine analogs 6a–o were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and mass spectra. All newly synthesized compounds 6a–o were prepared under conventional and microwave irradiation methods. These compounds obtained in higher yields and in shorter reaction times in the microwave irradiation method when compared with the conventional method. Synthesized compounds 6a–o were inspected for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using an established XTT reduction menadione assay. Among the screened compounds, 6i (IC50: 1.82 μg/mL), 6j (IC50: 1.02 μg/mL), and 6k (IC50: 1.59 μg/mL) showed excellent activity. Furthermore, compound 6i showed MIC90 value of 16.02 μg/mL. In summary, the results indicate the identification of some novel, selective, and specific inhibitors against M. tuberculosis that can be explored further for the potential antitubercular drug.
Microwave‐Assisted Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of New Series of Chromene‐Based 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity with Molecular Docking Investigation
Authors: Baral Nilofar , Mohapatra Seetaram , Raiguru Bishnu Prasad , Mishra Nilima Priyadarsini , Panda Pravati , Nayak Sabita , Pandey Satyendra Kumar , Kumar P. Sudhir , Sahoo Chita Ranjan 
Published: December 2018

A new series of novel chromene‐based oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized from a variety of chromene‐based amidoximes with readily available carboxylic acids under conventional oil bath heating as well as under microwave irradiation. The use of commercially available EDCI and HOBt as coupling reagents in DMF combined with microwave heating resulted in high yields and purities of the product 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles in an expeditious manner. This methodology is successfully applied to synthesize 18 numbers of new 2H‐chromene‐substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives in good to high yields. The structure of the product was ascertained by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two different pathogenic bacterial strains, that is, Escherichia coli (MTCC614) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC4031). The obtained results from in vitro antimicrobial assays indicated that 6g and 6h exhibited good antibacterial activity nearer to the standard drug, gentamicin. The molecular docking studies showed that compounds 6g and 6h show hydrogen bonding interaction with the bacterial target DNA gyrase of E. coli.
Fifteen years of Servitude et Grandeur to the application of a biophysical technique in medicine: The tale of AFMBioMed
Authors: Pellequer Jean‐Luc , Parot Pierre , Navajas Daniel , Kumar Sanjay , Svetličić Vesna , Scheuring Simon , Hu Jun , Li Bin , Engler Adam , Sousa Susana , Lekka Małgorzata , Szymoński Marek , Schillers Hermann , Odorico Michael , Lafont Frank , Janel Sebastien , Rico Felix 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAFMBioMed is the founding name under which international conferences and summer schools are organized around the application of atomic force microscopy in life sciences and nanomedicine. From its inception at the Atomic Energy Commission in Marcoule near 2004 to its creation in 2007 and to its 10th anniversary conference in Krakow, a brief narrative history of its birth and rise will demonstrate how and what such an organization brings to laboratories and the AFM community. With the current planning of the next AFMBioMed conference in Münster in 2019, it will be 15 years of commitment to these events.
The effect of four calcium‐based amendments on soil aggregate stability of two sandy topsoils
Authors: Vargas Gabriela , Verdejo José , Rivera Adrian , Suárez Domingo , Youlton Cristian , Celis-Diez Juan L. , Le Bissonnais Yves , Dovletyarova Elvira A. , Neaman Alexander 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe structural stability of soil is a physical characteristic that affects soil degradation processes. Calcium‐based amendments, such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium oxide/hydroxide, have been shown to improve the stability of soil aggregates. This study seeks to determine which calcium‐based soil amendments, and at what concentration, are the most efficient in improving aggregate stability of sandy topsoils derived from granitic and metamorphic parent materials, and to analyze the mechanisms involved. In the pot experiment, soils amended with CaCO3, CaCl2, and CaSO4 did not present significant differences in aggregate stability compared to the control or among each other. In contrast, Ca(OH)2 soil amendment brought the greatest stability to the soil aggregates. A dose of 1% Ca(OH)2 significantly increased the stability of soil aggregates. This effect is due to the reaction of Ca(OH)2 with atmospheric CO2 which leads to the formation of CaCO3, a delayed reaction not showed by the other soil amendments tested. Likewise, the greater solubility of Ca(OH)2 compared to CaCO3 exerts a greater aggregation effect on soil. Thus, the mechanism of action of Ca(OH)2 is related to cementation, rather than flocculation. Future studies should be carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 under field conditions.
Aggregation Behavior of Task‐Specific Acidic Ionic Liquid N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate [NMP][H2PO4] in Aqueous and Aqueous Salt Solutions
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Saini Mohit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of alkali salt (NaCl, NaBr, and KCl) addition on aggregate formation of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinium dihydrogen phosphate [NMP][H2PO4] ionic liquid in aqueous solution was determined using surface tension at 298.15K and conductance from 288.15 to 308.15K. The surface parameters such as critical aggregation concentration (CAC), adsorption efficiency, surface pressure, surface tension at CAC, minimum surface cover by a single molecule, and maximum area excess concentration were calculated from surface tension measurements with and without salts. The results show that [NMP][H2PO4] forms aggregates at lower concentrations and is more surface active than classical cationic surfactants.
Tubule Nanoclay‐Organic Heterostructures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Mingxian , Fakhrullin Rawil , Novikov Andrei , Panchal Abhishek , Lvov Yuri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNatural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) show unique hollow structure, high aspect ratio and adsorption ability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity, which allow for various biomedical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Here, advances in self‐assembly of halloysite for cell capturing and bacterial proliferation, coating on biological surfaces and related drug delivery, bone regeneration, bioscaffolds, and cell labeling are summarized. The in vivo toxicity of these clay nanotubes is discussed. Halloysite allows for 10–20% drug loading and can extend the delivery time to 10–100 h. These drug‐loaded nanotubes are doped into the polymer scaffolds to release the loaded drugs. The rough surfaces fabricated by self‐assembly of the clay nanotubes enhance the interactions with tumor cells, and the cell capture efficacy is significantly improved. Since halloysite has no toxicity toward microorganisms, the bacteria composed within these nanotubes can be explored in oil/water emulsion for petroleum spilling bioremediation. Coating of living cells with halloysite can control the cell growth and is not harmful to their viability. Quantum dots immobilized on halloysite were employed for cell labeling and imaging. The concluding academic results combined with the abundant availability of these natural nanotubes promise halloysite applications in personal healthcare and environmental remediation.