bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revelation of early detection of co-seismic ionospheric perturbations in GPS-TEC from realistic modelling approach: Case study
Authors: Thomas Dhanya , Bagiya Mala S. , Sunil Poikayil Sukumaran , Rolland Lucie , Sunil Anakuzhikkal Sudarsanan , Mikesell T. Dylan , Nayak Srinivas , Mangalampalli Subrahmanyam , Ramesh Durbha Sai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGPS-derived Total Electron Content (TEC) is an integrated quantity; hence it is difficult to relate the detection of ionospheric perturbations in TEC to a precise altitude. As TEC is weighted by the maximum ionospheric density, the corresponding altitude (hmF2) is, generally, assumed as the perturbation detection altitude. To investigate the validity of this assumption in detail, we conduct an accurate analysis of the GPS-TEC measured early ionospheric signatures related to the vertical surface displacement of the Mw 7.4 Sanriku-Oki earthquake (Sanriku-Oki Tohoku foreshock). Using 3D acoustic ray tracing model to describe the evolution of the propagating seismo-acoustic wave in space and time, we demonstrate how to infer the detection altitude of these early signatures in TEC. We determine that the signatures can be detected at altitudes up to ~130 km below the hmF2. This peculiar behaviour is attributed to the satellite line of sight (LOS) geometry and station location with respect to the source, which allows one to sound the co-seismic ionospheric signatures directly above the rupture area. We show that the early onset times correspond to crossing of the LOS with the acoustic wavefront at lower ionospheric altitudes. To support the proposed approach, we further reconstruct the seismo-acoustic induced ionospheric signatures for a moving satellite in the presence of a geomagnetic field. Both the 3D acoustic ray tracing model and the synthetic waveforms from the 3D coupled model substantiate the observed onset time of the ionospheric signatures. Moreover, our simple 3D acoustic ray tracing approach allows one to extend this analysis to azimuths different than that of the station-source line.
An experimentally-achieved information-driven Brownian motor shows maximum power at the relaxation time
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Um Jaegon , Paneru Govind , Pak Hyuk Kyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present an experimental realization of an information-driven Brownian motor by periodically cooling a Brownian particle trapped in a harmonic potential connected to a single heat bath, where cooling is carried out by the information process consisting of measurement and feedback control. We show that the random motion of the particle is rectified by symmetry-broken feedback cooling where the particle is cooled only when it resides on the specific side of the potential center at the instant of measurement. Studying how the motor thermodynamics depends on cycle period τ relative to the relaxation time τB of the Brownian particle, we find that the ratcheting of thermal noise produces the maximum work extraction when τ ≥ 5τB, while the extracted power is maximum near τ = τB, implying the optimal operating time for the ratcheting process. In addition, we find that the average transport velocity is monotonically decreased as τ increases and present the upper bound for the velocity.
Tributyltin Inhibits Neural Induction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yamada Shigeru , Kubo Yusuke , Yamazaki Daiju , Sekino Yuko , Nomura Yoko , Yoshida Sachiko , Kanda Yasunari 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTributyltin (TBT), one of the organotin compounds, is a well-known environmental pollutant. In our recent study, we reported that TBT induces mitochondrial dysfunction, in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the degradation of mitofusin1 (Mfn1), which is a mitochondrial fusion factor. However, the effect of TBT toxicity on the developmental process of iPSCs was not clear. The present study examined the effect of TBT on the differentiation of iPSCs into the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers. We found that exposure to nanomolar concentration of TBT (50 nM) selectively inhibited the induction of iPSCs into the ectoderm, which is the first step in neurogenesis. We further assessed the effect of TBT on neural differentiation and found that it reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes, which were also downregulated by Mfn1 knockdown in iPSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that TBT induces developmental neurotoxicity via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs.
Hairs in old books isotopically reconstruct the eating habits of early modern Japan
Authors: Maruyama Atsushi , Takemura Jun’ichiro , Sawada Hayato , Kaneko Takaaki , Kohmatsu Yukihiro , Iriguchi Atsushi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo complement literature-based historical knowledge of the eating habits of 17th- and 18th-century Japan, we analysed carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C andδ15N, respectively) of human hairs embedded in cover paper of Japanese books printed during 1690s–1890s, taking regional and temporal variations into consideration. We purchased 24 book sets from second-hand book markets. Twenty-three sets contained enough human hairs, which were non-destructively extracted from the thick, recycled paper of the book covers and used to measure theδ13C andδ15N values, found to be identical within each book set. Relatively lowδ13C values and highδ15N values suggested that people depended on rice, C3vegetables, and fish, more exclusively than contemporary Japanese people. The relatively highδ13C values found in Edo (Tokyo) might be associated with the preference for C4millets by Edo people as a measure against beriberi (locally recognised as the Edo affliction). Theδ15N values gradually increased over 200 years, indicating an increase in the contribution of marine fish both as food and fertiliser for rice fields as suggested by literature-based studies. Further collection of hairs from books will enable a thorough examination of regional and temporal variations to better understand the pre-globalised food culture.
PyMT-1099, a versatile murine cell model for EMT in breast cancer
Authors: Saxena Meera , Kalathur Ravi Kiran Reddy , Neutzner Melanie , Christofori Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and in conferring stem cell-like traits to cancer cells. Most studies investigating EMT in cancer have either utilized immortalized or cancer cell lines that are already primed to undergo an EMT and do not adequately represent a fully differentiated epithelial state in the absence of an EMT induction. Hence, model systems are required which recapitulate all stages of EMT in cancer cells. Here, we report the derivation and characterization of epithelial PyMT-1099 cancer cells from the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. We demonstrate that PyMT-1099 cells undergo an EMT upon TGFβ treatment, while upon TGFβ withdrawal they go through a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), as assessed by changes in cell morphology and marker expression and comparable to normal murine mammary gland NMuMG cells. However, in contrast to NMuMG cells, PyMT-1099 cells show an increase in cell migration and are highly tumorigenic and metastatic when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Finally, we report cancer cell-specific changes in gene expression during EMT of PyMT-1099 cells not found in non-transformed NMuMG cells. Thus, PyMT-1099 cells are a versatile tool to study breast cancer-associated EMT and MET in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro performances of novel co-spray-dried azithromycin/rifampicin microparticles for Rhodococcus equi disease treatment
Authors: Rampacci Elisa , Marenzoni Maria Luisa , Chiaradia Elisabetta , Passamonti Fabrizio , Ricci Maurizio , Pepe Marco , Coletti Mauro , Giovagnoli Stefano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work was aimed at providing clues on the in vitro performances of novel azithromycin/rifampicin combinations, in the form of co-spray-dried microparticles (AZM/RIF MP), against Rhodococcus equi, an animal and emerging human pathogen found responsible for worrying zoonosis. Various AZM/RIF combinations were spray-dried and characterized for their morphology and size. Susceptibility studies included determination of MIC, MBC, Fractional Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration Indexes and intracellular activity in R. equi-infected THP-1 cells. Cytotoxicity was tested on BEAS-2B cells through MTT assay and combination index assessment for drug interaction. Spray-dried MP were collapsed and 3–10 times smaller than commercial powders. Drug combinations showed an enhancement of in vitro antibacterial activity with a remarkable synergistic bactericidal effect. Azithromycin MP and AZM/RIF MP 2:1 led to a CFU reduction of >90% up to 4 days after treatment at all tested concentrations (p = 0.001) but AZM/RIF MP 2:1 were at least four-fold more potent than AZM MP alone. IC50 values of >100 mg/L supported low cytotoxicity of drug combinations and the combination index suggested an antagonistic toxic effect. Co-spray-drying enhanced powder dispersibility and solubility, which may improve bioavailability as well as provide administration alternatives. The novel AZM/RIF MP combinations could result a valid platform to develop new treatment strategies against R. equi infections in animals and humans.
Langzeit-Augmentationstherapie von Patienten mit Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel in der häuslichen Pflege
Authors: Wilke A. , Semper H. , Gross C. , Grohé C. 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Augmentation mit humanem Alpha-1-Proteinase-Inhibitor ist die einzige spezifische Behandlung des Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangels (AATD), einer seltenen genetischen Erkrankung mit Symptomen einer fortschreitenden COPD.
Objektives Eine prospektive Langzeituntersuchung objektiver Messwerte und subjektiver klinischer Daten während des Augmentationsprogramms „Alpha-1-Mobile“ für die häusliche i. v.-Applikation von Alpha-1-Proteinase-Inhibitor bei einem Patientenkollektiv im fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadium.
Methoden Sieben Patienten erhielten wöchentlich eine i. v.-Augmentation in der häuslichen Umgebung, begleitend zur stadiengerechten COPD-Therapie. Symptome, Lungenfunktion, Gesundheitszustand, Lebensqualität und Sicherheit wurden kontinuierlich über einen Zeitraum von 6 Jahren dokumentiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden auf einer inter- und intraindividuellen Basis ausgewertet. FEV1-Verläufe wurden mit Vorprogrammdaten verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die betreuten Patienten hatten ein Durchschnittsalter von 56,7 (40 – 68) Jahren und für 8,8 (1 – 19) Jahre eine Augmentationstherapie erhalten. Verglichen mit der dreijährigen Vorprogrammperiode, verringerte sich der funktionelle Abfall von FEV1 (ΔFEV1: 0,47 l gegenüber 0,17 l) unter der Therapie. Die mittleren Lebensqualitätsdaten (QoL-Werte) zeigten in den ersten drei Beobachtungsjahren saisonale Schwankungen und stabilisierten sich dann. Die bestimmten Serumspiegel überschritten die protektive Schwelle von 50 mg/dl mit einer Augmentationsdosis von 60 mg/kg/Woche. Weniger als ein exazerbationsbedingter Krankenhausaufenthalt trat pro Patientenjahr auf. Es wurden keine auf die Therapie zurückzuführenden unerwünschten Ereignisse beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerungen Die häusliche Betreuung inklusive Applikation der i. v.-Therapie durch medizinisches Fachpersonal sorgte aufgrund kontinuierlicher Behandlung und engmaschiger Überwachung des Gesundheitszustandes für eine optimale Versorgung der von uns untersuchten Patienten. Dies zeigt sich unter anderem in einer weitgehenden Vermeidung exazerbationsbedingter Krankenhauseinweisungen während der beobachteten Zeit. Die häusliche Applikation der Therapie im Rahmen des „Alpha-1-Mobile“ wurde gut angenommen, war praktisch und sicher.
Design and Synthesis of Aromatics through [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Lahiri Kakali , Sreevani Gaddamedi 
Published: August 2018

The [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is a useful tool to realize unusual chemical transformations which are not achievable by traditional methods. Here, we report our work during the past two decades that involve utilization of transition-metal complexes in a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization reaction. Several key “building blocks” were assembled by a [2+2+2] cycloaddition approach and they have been further expanded by other synthetic transformations to design unusual amino acids and peptides, diphenylalkanes, bis- and trisaryl benzene derivatives, annulated benzocycloalkanes, spirocycles, and spirooxindole derivatives. Furthermore, we have also discussed about alkyne surrogates, environmentally friendly, and stereoselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. Application of the [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in total synthesis is also covered. In this review we also included others work to give a balanced view of the recent developments in the area of [2+2+2] cycloaddition.1	Introduction2	Unusual Amino Acids and Peptides3	Heteroanalogues of Indane4	Diphenylalkane Derivatives5	Multi-Armed Aryl Benzene Derivatives6	Annulated Benzocycloalkanes7	Spirocycles8	Selectivity in [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes9	[2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions under Environmentally Friendly Conditions10	Alkyne Surrogates11	Domino Reactions involving a [2+2+2] Cycloaddition12	Biologically Important Targets/Total Synthesis13	Conclusions
Going Mobile: Resident Physicians' Assessment of the Impact of Tablet Computers on Clinical Tasks, Job Satisfaction, and Quality of Care
Authors: Sweeney Megan , Paruchuri Kaavya , Weingart Saul 
Published: August 2018

Background There are few published studies of the use of portable or handheld computers in health care, but these devices have the potential to transform multiple aspects of clinical teaching and practice.
Objective This article assesses resident physicians' perceptions and experiences with tablet computers before and after the introduction of these devices.
Methods We surveyed 49 resident physicians from 8 neurology, surgery, and internal medicine clinical services before and after the introduction of tablet computers at a 415-bed Boston teaching hospital. The surveys queried respondents about their assessment of tablet computers, including the perceived impact of tablets on clinical tasks, job satisfaction, time spent at work, and quality of patient care.
Results Respondents reported that it was easier (73%) and faster (70%) to use a tablet computer than to search for an available desktop. Tablets were useful for reviewing data, writing notes, and entering orders. Respondents indicated that tablet computers increased their job satisfaction (84%), reduced the amount of time spent in the hospital (51%), and improved the quality of care (65%).
Conclusion The introduction of tablet computers enhanced resident physicians' perceptions of efficiency, effectiveness, and job satisfaction. Investments in this technology are warranted.
Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure
Authors: Vera Jesús , Jiménez Raimundo , Redondo Beatríz , Torrejón Alejandro , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , García‐Ramos Amador 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground: We aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of effort during four basic resistance exercises leading to muscular failure on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion (OPP), as well as the role of exercise type and sex. Methods: Twenty‐five young adults (12 women) performed 10 repetitions against their 10‐RM (repetition maximum) load in the squat, military press, biceps curl and calf raise exercises. IOP was measured before, during and after exercise, whereas OPP was indirectly assessed before and after each exercise. Results: There was a progressive IOP rise during exercise (p < 0.001, η² = 0.531), which was dependent on exercise type (p = 0.020, η² = 0.125). The squat exercise induced higher IOP increments in comparison to the other exercises (corrected p‐values < 0.001), and higher IOP values were found for the military press and biceps curl than for the calf raise exercise (corrected p‐values = 0.012 and 0.002). OPP exhibited a significant reduction when leading to muscular failure (p = 0.001, η² = 0.364), being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises (corrected p‐values = 0.037 and 0.047). No effect of sex was found for IOP and OPP (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A single set of resistance training leading to muscular failure causes an instantaneous and progressive IOP rise in healthy young individuals. These IOP rises depend on exercise type (squat > military press = biceps curl > calf raise), but not on participant´s sex. OPP diminished as a consequence of performing resistance training exercise, being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises. Future studies should include glaucoma patients aiming to corroborate the generalizability of our findings.
Domain-Specific Diaschisis: Lesions to Parietal Action Areas Modulate Neural Responses to Tools in the Ventral Stream
Authors: Garcea Frank E , Almeida Jorge , Sims Maxwell H , Nunno Andrew , Meyers Steven P , Li Yan Michael , Walter Kevin , Pilcher Webster H , Mahon Bradford Z 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Neural responses to small manipulable objects (“tools”) in high-level visual areas in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) provide an opportunity to test how anatomically remote regions modulate ventral stream processing in a domain-specific manner. Prior patient studies indicate that grasp-relevant information can be computed about objects by dorsal stream structures independently of processing in VTC. Prior functional neuroimaging studies indicate privileged functional connectivity between regions of VTC exhibiting tool preferences and regions of parietal cortex supporting object-directed action. Here we test whether lesions to parietal cortex modulate tool preferences within ventral and lateral temporal cortex. We found that lesions to the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region that supports hand-shaping during object grasping and manipulation, modulate tool preferences in left VTC and in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. Control analyses demonstrated that neural responses to “place” stimuli in left VTC were unaffected by lesions to parietal cortex, indicating domain-specific consequences for ventral stream neural responses in the setting of parietal lesions. These findings provide causal evidence that neural specificity for “tools” in ventral and lateral temporal lobe areas may arise, in part, from online inputs to VTC from parietal areas that receive inputs via the dorsal visual pathway.
Large-Scale Organization of the Hand Action Observation Network in Individuals Born Without Hands
Authors: Vannuscorps Gilles , F Wurm Moritz , Striem-Amit Ella , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe human high-level visual cortex comprises regions specialized for the processing of distinct types of stimuli, such as objects, animals, and human actions. How does this specialization emerge? Here, we investigated the role of effector-specific visuomotor coupling experience in shaping the organization of the action observation network (AON) as a window on this question. Observed body movements are frequently coupled with corresponding motor codes, e.g., during monitoring one’s own movements and imitation, resulting in bidirectionally connected circuits between areas involved in body movements observation (e.g., of the hand) and the motor codes involved in their execution. If the organization of the AON is shaped by this effector-specific visuomotor coupling, then, it should not form for body movements that do not belong to individuals’ motor repertoire. To test this prediction, we used fMRI to investigate the spatial arrangement and functional properties of the hand and foot action observation circuits in individuals born without upper limbs. Multivoxel pattern decoding, pattern similarity, and univariate analyses revealed an intact hand AON in the individuals born without upper limbs. This suggests that the organization of the AON does not require effector-specific visuomotor coupling.
Anticholinergic Amnesia is Mediated by Alterations in Human Network Connectivity Architecture
Authors: Chhatwal Jasmeer P , Schultz Aaron P , Hedden Trey , Boot Brendon P , Wigman Sarah , Rentz Dorene , Johnson Keith A , Sperling Reisa A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Disrupted cholinergic neurotransmission plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease, medication-induced memory impairment, and delirium. At the systems level, this suggests anticholinergic drugs may alter the activity and interplay of anatomically distributed neural networks critical for memory function. Using a network-sensitive imaging technique (functional connectivity MRI) and a double-blind, crossover design, we examined the consequences of anticholinergic drug administration on episodic memory and functional network architecture in a group of clinically normal elderly. We observed that low-dose scopolamine (0.2 mg IV) decreased episodic memory performance and selectively decreased connectivity strength in 3 of 7 cortical networks. Both memory and connectivity effects were independent of β-amyloid burden. Drug-induced connectivity changes within the Default and Salience networks, as well as reductions in the strength of anticorrelation between these 2 networks, were sufficient to fully statistically mediate the effects of scopolamine on memory performance. These results provide experimental support for the importance of the Default and Salience networks to memory performance and suggest scopolamine-induced amnesia is underpinned by disrupted connectivity within and between these 2 networks. More broadly, these results support the potential utility of fcMRI as tool examine the systems-level pharmacology of psychoactive drugs.
Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and disability trajectories in older men and women: a European cohort study
Authors: Landös Aljoscha , von Arx Martina , Cheval Boris , Sieber Stefan , Kliegel Matthias , Gabriel Rainer , Orsholits Dan , van der Linden Bernadette W A , Blane David , Boisgontier Matthieu P , Courvoisier Delphine S , Guessous Idris , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Cullati Stéphane 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
We observed a lack of population-based longitudinal research examining the association of disadvantaged childhood socioeconomic circumstances (CSC) and disability [activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)] in older age, and whether socioeconomic attainments in adulthood can compensate for a poor socioeconomic start in life.

Methods
Data on 24 440 persons aged 50–96 in 14 European countries (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) were used to measure the associations between CSC and limitations with ADL and with IADL, using mixed-effects logistic regression models. Models stratified by gender were adjusted for education during young adulthood, main occupation during middle age, ability to make ends meet during old age and potential confounding and control variables.

Results
Risks of ADL and IADL limitations increased with age and were different between women and men. For women, a gradient across CSC strata was observed, showing that the more disadvantaged the CSC, the higher the risk of ADL and IADL limitations in old age, even after adjustment for adult socioeconomic indicators. For men, the association between CSC and disability was mediated by the main occupation in middle age and the ability to make ends meet at older age.

Conclusion
Women who grew up in socioeconomically disadvantaged households were at higher risk of disability in older age and this disadvantage was not attenuated by favourable adult socioeconomic conditions. Men were more likely to make up for a disadvantaged start in adulthood.