bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring pathways towards improving patient experience of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP): assessing patient satisfaction and attitudes
Authors: Reynolds Bradley R. , Bulsara Caroline , Zeps Nik , Codde Jim , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Bolton Damien , Vivian Justin 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine patient satisfaction and experience after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer, using a convergent mixed‐method qualitative analysis approach.Patients and Methods412 patients who underwent RARP between January 2014 and June 2016 were mailed questionnaires and invited to participate in focus groups. Qualitative data was thematically analysed using NVivo. Descriptive statistics were obtained from the questionnaire using SPSS.Results214 patients responded (52% of sample size) of whom 97.6% were satisfied and 91.1% would likely recommend RARP. Key themes from the qualitative data highlighted the psychosocial impacts of the diagnosis and RARP process. The importance of early recovery, the benefits of pelvic floor exercises and educational resources were emphasised.ConclusionPatients were overwhelmingly satisfied with RARP, largely due to relevance and timeliness of the information and support provided both before and after surgery. With an increased understanding of the factors and outcomes that are most important to patients regarding all aspects of hospital care, we can create more targeted care pathways. Key themes will help inform the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to further improve recovery and early return to function.
Nuclear localisation of 53BP1 is regulated by phosphorylation of the nuclear localisation signal
Authors: von Morgen Patrick , Lidak Tomas , Horejsi Zuzana , Macurek Libor 
Published: March 2018

Background InformationRepair of damaged DNA is essential for maintaining genomic stability. TP53‐binding protein 1 (53BP1) plays an important role in repair of the DNA double‐strand breaks. Nuclear localisation of 53BP1 depends on importin β and nucleoporin 153, but the type and location of 53BP1 nuclear localisation signal (NLS) have yet to be determined.ResultsHere, we show that nuclear import of 53BP1 depends on two basic regions, namely 1667‐KRK‐1669 and 1681‐KRGRK‐1685, which are both needed for importin binding. Lysine 1667 is essential for interaction with importin and its substitution to arginine reduced nuclear localisation of 53BP1. Furthermore, we have found that CDK1‐dependent phosphorylation of 53BP1 at S1678 impairs importin binding during mitosis. Phosphorylation‐mimicking mutant S1678D showed reduced nuclear localisation, suggesting that phosphorylation of the NLS interferes with nuclear import of the 53BP1ConclusionsWe show that 53BP1 contains a classical bipartite NLS 1666‐GKRKLITSEEERSPAKRGRKS‐1686, which enables the importin‐mediated nuclear transport of 53BP1. Additionally, we found that posttranslational modification within the NLS region can regulate 53BP1 nuclear import.SignificanceOur results indicate that integrity of the NLS is important for 53BP1 nuclear localisation. Precise mapping of the NLS will facilitate further studies on the effect of posttranslational modifications and somatic mutations on the nuclear localisation 53BP1 and DNA repair.
Differential North Atlantic control of winter hydroclimate in late Holocene varved sediments of Lake Kortejärvi, eastern Finland
Authors: Czymzik Markus , Haltia Eeva , Saarni Saija , Saarinen Timo , Brauer Achim 
Published: March 2018

Sediment microfacies, geochemical μ‐XRF and X‐ray density analyses were conducted on varved sediments from Lake Kortejärvi (eastern Finland) covering the last 2700 years. The varves comprise couplets of detrital and organic sub‐layers throughout the complete time‐span. Based on their microfacies and stratigraphical position within a varve as well as comparisons with local discharge and meteorological data, thicker detrital layers are interpreted to reflect intensified snow‐melt floods following more humid winters. Detailed comparisons with monthly to annually resolved North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices back to AD 1049 (901 a BP) suggest that multidecadal increases in snow‐melt layer thickness tend to be connected with a more positive phase of the NAO and, consequently, warmer winters. In contrast, distinct centennial intervals of thicker snow‐melt layers from −40 to 170, 280 to 460 and 1900 to 2300 a BP as well as around 2600 a BP do not consistently correspond to a particular NAO phase, but coincide with extended sea‐ice margins and a colder North Atlantic climate, causing intensified and southward shifted westerly cyclones. Our results point to a differential modification of North Atlantic winter hydroclimate working on varying time scales.
Implications for conifer glacial refugia and postglacial climatic variation in western Beringia from lake sediments of the Upper Indigirka basin
Authors: Lozhkin Anatoly , Anderson Patricia , Minyuk Pavel , Korzun Julya , Brown Thomas , Pakhomov Alexander , Tsygankova Valeriya , Burnatny Sergei , Naumov Alexey 
Published: March 2018

A c. 13 800 cal. a BP palynological record from Tschuch'ye Lake (eastern Yakutia), when combined with other palaeobotanical records from western Beringia, supports previous conclusions that Larix and Pinus pumila spread from multiple cryptic refugia during the Lateglacial period and middle Holocene, respectively. The antiquity and spatial distribution of Larix in many of these records suggest that full‐glacial landscapes probably had a small but important tree component. The Tschuch'ye record further indicates the absence of a Younger Dryas climatic reversal and is in accord with the preponderance of other data from western Beringia, which indicate warmer than present climates between c. 12 900 and 9100 cal. a BP. The subsequent spread of Pinus pumila, which has similar temperature requirements as Larix, denotes a shift to wetter but still warm climates during the middle Holocene, with palynological data suggesting optimal conditions in far western areas of western Beringia c. 7000–5000 cal. a BP. The postglacial occurrence of relatively warm/dry and warm/wet intervals is consistent with results of a regional climate‐model simulation that indicates warmer than present temperatures and decreased effective moisture at 11 000 cal. a BP and persistence of warm conditions but with greater moisture and longer growing season at 6000 cal. a BP.
Episodic fluid flow as a trigger for Miocene‐Pliocene slope instability on the Utgard High, Norwegian Sea
Authors: Omosanya Kamaldeen Olakunle 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMass wasting is triggered on many continental slopes by a number of mechanisms, including seismic shaking, high sedimentation rates, the presence of weak geological units and gas hydrate dissociation. In this study, the morphology of a Late Miocene–Early Pliocene mass‐transport complex (MTC) on the Utgard High is unravelled and discussed in relation to possible trigger mechanisms. The approach used here includes 3D seismic interpretation and the analysis of variance attribute maps. The interpreted MTC is located on the crest and flanks of the Utgard High and is composed of three mass‐transport deposits with seismic characters varying from transparent and chaotic seismic facies at the base to slightly deformed layers composed of mounds and rafted blocks in the middle and chaotic to transparent reflections at the top. Lithologically, the MTC consists predominantly of claystone with high gamma ray and low density and resistivity values, demonstrating that the associated mounds represent remobilized ooze sediments. A vertical stack of six magmatic sills emplaced from 55.6 to 56.3 Ma into the Upper Cretaceous shales is interpreted at depths of 3,000–5,500 ms two‐way travel time (TWTT). In association with these magmatic sills are several hydrothermal vent complexes that interacted with the top MTC horizon, signifying that episodic and secondary fluid‐venting events might be the principal mechanism facilitating mass wasting in the study area. In addition, the remobilization of ooze sediments into mounds is hypothesized to be dependent on fluids and clayey layers. As a corollary of this work, the importance of relict and recurrent episodes of fluid flow in the Vøring Basin and their influence on the geotechnical integrity of the overburden and later mass wasting is established.
Effects of litter size and quality on processing by decomposers in a tropical savannah stream
Authors: de Souza Rezende Renan , Leite Gustavo Figueiredo Marques , Ramos Kamilla , Torres Isabella , Tonin Alan M. , Gonçalves Júnior José Francisco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLitter fragment size and quality can have profound effects on ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycling due to differential utilization by decomposers. Here we study the influence of these factors on decomposers from two guilds found in a tropical savannah stream: invertebrate shredders of the genus Phylloicus and microorganisms. Containers (16 × 16 × 12 cm, ~ 3L) with either Phylloicus (cases removed; N = 16) or stream water containing microorganisms (N = 16) were supplied with litter from the species Inga laurina, Maprounea guianensis, and Richeria grandis, and cut into disks of 18.7, 13.2, and 8.1 mm in diameter (3 sizes × 3 species = 9 disks per container). Relative decomposition was greater for smaller leaf disks and disks of higher quality in microbial‐only cultures. Phylloicus preferentially harvested large fragments for case building, also preferring the leaves of M. guianensis and R. grandis, likely due increased robustness for case formation. Microbial decomposition resulted in ~20% litter mass loss compared to 30% in Phylloicus (of which 8% was used for case building and 24% for food). Thus, changes to input litter size, such as a decrease in leaf size after drought, may alter microbial decomposition and potentially affect shredder populations by limiting the availability of casing material.
Seasonal flooding, topography, and organic debris interact to influence the emergence and distribution of seedlings in a tropical grassland
Authors: Bao Francielli , Elsey‐Quirk Tracy , de Assis Marco Antonio , Arruda Rafael , Pott Arnildo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn seasonally flooded wetlands, inundation and associated organic debris deposition followed by a drawdown period can promote plant community diversity across space and time. Post‐flood regeneration might be influenced by the direct effect of flooding on seed dispersal and seedling emergence, as well as the indirect effect of organic debris on seed trapping and germination. Our objective was to examine the influence of seasonal flooding, topography, and organic debris cover on seedling distribution in a seasonally flooded grassland. We measured species richness, seedling abundance, and organic debris cover for 3 yr in a seasonally flooded grassland in the Pantanal, Brazil, at three topographic levels at the end of the flood season and during the dry season when there was no debris deposition. A total of 43 species were recorded, with no difference in species richness detected between seasons. However, the abundance of some species was higher post‐flood than during the dry period. The greatest seedling abundance and richness were found post‐flood at intermediate elevations, followed by high and the lowest elevations. Seed germination and seedling establishment were likely suppressed at low topographic positions due to shading from organic debris and poor drainage. Therefore, areas with predictable annual floods promote diversity by creating spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions.
Response Time Adjustment in the Stop Signal Task: Development in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dupuis Annie , Indralingam Maheshan , Chevrier Andre , Crosbie Jennifer , Arnold Paul , Burton Christie L. , Schachar Russell 
Published: March 2018

Adjusting speed to maintain fast and accurate performance is critical to goal‐directed behavior. This study examined development of response time adjustments in the stop signal task in 13,709 individuals aged 6–17 years (49.0% Caucasian) across four trial types: correct and incorrect go, successful (stop‐inhibit), and failed (stop‐respond) trials. People sped more after correct than incorrect go responses and slowed more after failed than successful stop trials. Greater slowing after stop‐respond but less slowing after stop‐inhibit trials was associated with better response inhibition. Response time adjustments were evident in children as young as age 6, developed throughout childhood, and plateaued by age 10. Results were consistent with the predictions of the error detection and shifting goal priority hypotheses for adjustments.
Remodelling and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze and asthma outcome at school age
Authors: Lezmi G. , Deschildre A. , Abou Taam R. , Fayon M. , Blanchon S. , Troussier F. , Mallinger P. , Mahut B. , Gosset P. , de Blic J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe influence of airway remodelling and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze on asthma outcomes is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo assess their association with asthma symptoms and lung function at school age.MethodsPreschoolers (38.4 months) initially investigated with bronchial biopsies were re‐assessed for asthma symptoms and lung function at school age.ResultsThirty‐six of 49 preschoolers (73.5%) were assessed at 10.9 years. Twenty‐six (72.2%) had persistent asthma. Submucosal eosinophil counts were higher in children with severe exacerbations at school age than in those without (16/0.1 mm2 [11.2‐30.4] vs 8/0.1 mm2 [2.4‐17.6], P = .02), and correlated with the number of severe exacerbations (P = .04, r = .35). Submucosal neutrophil counts correlated with FEV1/FVC (P < .01, r = .47) and FEF25‐75% predicted (P = .02, r = .43). Airway smooth muscle (ASM) area correlated with FEV1/FVC (P < .01, r = .51). Vessel numbers negatively correlated with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC (P = .03, r = −.42; P = .04, r = −.41; respectively) and FEF25‐75% predicted (P = .02, r = −.46).ConclusionEosinophilic inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze might be predictive of future severe exacerbations, neutrophilia might be associated with better lung function. Changes in ASM and vascularity might affect lung function at school age.
PR-957 mediates neuroprotection by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and modulating cytokine production in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke
Authors: Guo Y , Chen X , Li D , Liu H , Ding Y , Han R , Shi Y , Ma X 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Acute ischaemic stroke can induce secondary brain injury by activating an inflammatory response that contributes to clinical impairment. As a specific inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight polypeptide 7 (LMP7), PR-957 may participate in regulating pathophysiological and inflammatory responses in multiple diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated the neuroprotective properties of PR-957 in a mouse model of stroke, induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After MCAO and injections of PR-957 or vehicle, we evaluated mice behaviourally using modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and sensorimotor tests, including the adhesive-removal test, a foot-fault test and an inclined plane test. Infarct volume was measured 24 and 72 h after MCAO. Infiltration by different lymphocyte subpopulations was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue from the penumbral area. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the expression of proinflammatory cytokines: interkeukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT-3) protein levels in brain was measured by immunoblot. MCAO mice treated with PR-957 showed a significant decrease in infarct volume and had mild neurological deficits compared to vehicle-treated mice. PR-957 administration also significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A and TNF-α. PR-957 provides neuroprotection via inhibiting T lymphocyte infiltration and decreasing T helper type 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in MCAO mice, which may result from the reduced expression of pSTAT-3. The neuroprotective effect of PR-957 indicates its potential utility as anti-inflammatory therapy for ischaemic stroke.
Association of interleukin 22 gene polymorphisms and serum IL-22 level with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang R , Zeng Y-L , Qin H-M , Lu Y-L , Huang H-T , Lei M , Tan T , Huang Y-Y , Luo H-C , Lan Y , Wei Y-S 
Published: March 2018

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin 22 (IL-22) gene and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese population. Three IL-22 SNPs (rs2227485, rs2227513 and rs2227491) were genotyped using SNaPshot SNP genotyping assays and identified by sequencing in 314 SLE patients and 411 healthy controls. The IL-22 level of serum was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Data were analysed by spss version 17.0 software. We found that rs2227513 was associated with an increased risk of SLE [AG versus AA: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2·24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·22–4·12, P = 0·010; G versus· A: adjusted OR = 2·18, 95% CI = 1·20-3·97, P = 0·011]. Further analysis in patients with SLE showed that the AG genotype and G allele were associated with an increased risk of renal disorder in SLE (G versus A: aOR = 3·09, 95% CI = 1·30–7·33, P = 0·011; AG versus· AA: aOR = 3·25, 95% CI = 1·35–7·85, P = 0·009). In addition, the concentration of IL-22 was significantly lower in the rs2227513 AG genotype compared with AA genotype (P = 0·028). These results suggest that rs2227513 polymorphism might contribute to SLE susceptibility, probably by decreasing the expression of IL-22.
Functional visceral fat activity evaluated by preoperative F‐18 FDG PET/CT predicts regional lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Pahk Kisoo , Choi Sunju , Kim Sungeun 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveWe investigated the predictive role of functional visceral fat activity evaluated by preoperative F‐18 FDG PET/CT for regional lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Design and patientsFifty‐eight patients with newly diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study, retrospectively (men 14; women 44; age 53 ± 14.5). They all received preoperative F‐18 FDG PET/CT and surgery. Functional visceral fat activity was defined as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of visceral fat divided by SUVmax of subcutaneous fat (V/S ratio). Pathology results were confirmed through the surgical specimens.ResultsThe patients with regional lymph node metastasis showed higher functional visceral fat activity (V/S ratio) than the patients without regional lymph node metastasis (2.12 ± 0.6 vs 1.62 ± 0.34, P = .001). V/S ratio of 1.78 was suggested as an optimal cut‐off value for predicting regional lymph node metastasis (sensitivity; 70.3%, specificity; 83.3%, area under the curve; 0.778, P < .0001). Furthermore, functional visceral fat activity was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer by univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionsFunctional visceral fat activity significantly affects the regional lymph node metastasis status in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Furthermore, it may also be useful to predict regional lymph node metastasis.
Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and smoking status: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI
Authors: Park Suyeon , Kim Won Gu , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Mijin , Oh Hye‐Seon , Han Minkyu , Kim Tae Yong , Shong Young Kee , Kim Won Bae 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate differences in serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels according to smoking status and urine iodine concentration (UIC) in a healthy Korean population using data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI).Study designSixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013‐2015) is a nationwide, cross‐sectional survey of the Korean population.PatientsResearch subjects were selected by two‐stage stratified cluster sampling of the population and housing census data. A total of 5639 subjects aged >18 years, who were not pregnant, and had undergone thyroid function testing during the survey period, were included.MeasurementThe level of serum TSH according to smoking status, iodine intake and presence of TPOAb were evaluated.ResultsIn the reference population, mean serum TSH level in current smokers (1.87 mIU/L, 95% CI, 0.52‐5.37 mIU/L) was significantly lower than that in nonsmokers (2.33 mIU/L, 95% CI, 0.79‐6.69 mIU/L, P < .001). The rate of thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity was higher in never smoker (7.7%) than past smokers (5.1%) and current smokers (4.7%), but sex‐specific rate of TPOAb was not different according to smoking status. The lower serum TSH levels in current smokers were more apparent in iodine‐deficient subjects (UIC < 100 μg/L), and this change was diminished in subjects with UICs between 100 and 299 μg/L. The difference in serum TSH levels in current smokers disappeared in subjects with UICs ≥ 300 μg/L.ConclusionsSmoking is associated with a left‐shift in serum TSH level that is more apparent in iodine‐deficient subjects. Smoking status is not associated with the presence of TPOAb or iodine intake. The results suggest that smoking has a direct effect on thyroid function that is not mediated by autoimmune processes in the thyroid gland.
Impact of timing on soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Cho‐Ying , Chen Zhaozhao , Pan Whei‐Lin , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo achieve a predictable esthetic and functional outcome, soft tissue augmentation has become popular in implant treatment.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the influence of different timing for soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment on soft tissue conditions and its stability.Material and methodsElectronic and manual searches for articles written in English up to September 2017 were performed by two independent reviewers. Human clinical studies with the purpose of evaluating outcomes (at least 3‐month follow‐up) of autogenous soft tissue graft for augmentation during implant treatment, either simultaneous or after implant placement (staged), were included. Cumulative changes of keratinized tissue width (KTW), soft tissue thickness (STT), and mid‐buccal mucosal recession (MR) data were analyzed with a random‐effects model to compare the postoperative outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐nine human studies (eight randomized clinical trials, six cohort studies, and 15 case series) that met the inclusion criteria were included. For the overall data, the weighted mean STT gain (1 year after surgery) was 1.03 mm (95% CI: 0.78–1.29 mm), among which the simultaneous group was 1.12 mm (95% CI: 0.75–1.49 mm) and staged group (3–6 months after implant placement) was 0.95 mm (95% CI: 0.58–1.31 mm). There was no statistically significant difference in KTW and MR between 3 months and more than 3 months after surgery.ConclusionsThis review revealed that the stability of soft tissue, in terms of KTW and mid‐buccal MR, can be obtained 3 months after surgery. There is no difference between simultaneous and staged soft tissue augmentation during implant treatment, and both procedures significantly enhance KTW and STT.