bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of spatial discretization on performances and parameters of urban hydrological model
Authors: Chang Qing , Kazama So , Touge Yoshiya , Aita Shunsuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Selecting a proper spatial resolution for urban rainfall runoff modeling was not a trivial issue because it could affect the model outputs. Recently, the development of remote sensing technology and increasingly available data source had enabled rainfall runoff process to be modeled at detailed and microscales. However, the models with less complexity might have equally good performance with less model establishment and computation time. This study attempted to explore the impact of model spatial resolution on model performance and parameters. Models with different discretization degree were built up on the basis of actual drainage networks, urban parcels and specific land use. The results showed that there was very little difference in the total runoff volumes while peak flows showed obvious scale effects which could be up to 30%. Generally, model calibration could compensate the scale effect. The calibrated models with different resolution showed similar performances. The consideration of effective impervious area (EIA) as a calibration parameter marginally increased performance of the calibration period but also slightly decreased performance in the validation period which indicated the importance of detailed EIA identification.
Identification of Phosphorylation Associated SNPs for Blood Pressure, Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke from Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Wang Xingchen , Mo Xingbo , Zhang Huan , Zhang Yonghong , Shen Yueping 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
Phosphorylation-related SNP (phosSNP) is a non-synonymous
SNP that might influence protein phosphorylation status. The aim of this study was to
assess the effect of phosSNPs on blood pressure (BP), coronary artery disease (CAD)
and ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods:
We examined the association of phosSNPs with BP, CAD and IS in shared
data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and tested if the disease loci were
enriched with phosSNPs. Furthermore, we performed quantitative trait locus analysis to
find out if the identified phosSNPs have impacts on gene expression, protein and
metabolite levels.

Results:
We found numerous phosSNPs for systolic BP (count=148), diastolic BP
(count=206), CAD (count=20) and IS (count=4). The most significant phosSNPs for
SBP, DBP, CAD and IS were rs1801131 in MTHFR, rs3184504 in SH2B3, rs35212307
in WDR12 and rs3184504 in SH2B3, respectively. Our analyses revealed that the
associated SNPs identified by the original GWAS were significantly enriched with
phosSNPs and many well-known genes predisposing to cardiovascular diseases contain
significant phosSNPs. We found that BP, CAD and IS shared for phosSNPs in loci that
contain functional genes involve in cardiovascular diseases, e.g., rs11556924
(ZC3HC1), rs1971819 (ICA1L), rs3184504 (SH2B3), rs3739998 (JCAD), rs903160
(SMG6). Four phosSNPs in ADAMTS7 were significantly associated with CAD, including
the known functional SNP rs3825807. Moreover, the identified phosSNPs seemed to
have the potential to affect transcription regulation and serum levels of numerous
cardiovascular diseases-related proteins and metabolites.

Conclusion:
The findings suggested that phosSNPs may play important roles in BP
regulation and the pathological mechanisms of CAD and IS.
Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Review on Drug Delivery Strategies for Treatment of the Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Mansor Nur Izzati , Nordin Norshariza , Mohamed Farahidah , Ling King Hwa , Rosli Rozita , Hassan Zurina 
Published: August 2019

:Many drugs have been designed to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), especially neurodegenerative diseases. However, the presence of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier has often compromised the efficiency of drug delivery to target sites in the brain. The principles of drug delivery systems across the blood-brain barrier are dependent on substrate-specific (i.e. protein transport and transcytosis) and non-specific (i.e. transcellular and paracellular) transport pathways, which are crucial factors in attempts to design efficient drug delivery strategies. This review describes how the blood-brain barrier presents the main challenge in delivering drugs to treat brain diseases and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of ongoing neurotherapeutic delivery strategies in overcoming this limitation. In addition, we discuss the application of colloidal carrier systems, particularly nanoparticles, as potential tools for therapy for the CNS diseases.
Mechanisms of Protective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease and Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Ban , Wang Yuliang , Zhang Yangyang , Yan Biao 
Published: August 2019

:Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common forms of the disease worldwide. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance play key roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Renal glucose reabsorption is an essential feature in glycaemic control. Kidneys filter 160 g of glucose daily in healthy subjects under euglycaemic conditions. The expanding epidemic of diabetes leads to a prevalence of diabetes-related cardiovascular disorders, in particular, heart failure and renal dysfunction. Cellular glucose uptake is a fundamental process for homeostasis, growth, and metabolism. In humans, three families of glucose transporters have been identified, including the glucose facilitators GLUTs, the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLTs, and the recently identified SWEETs. Structures of the major isoforms of all three families were studied. Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) provides most of the capacity for renal glucose reabsorption in the early proximal tubule. A number of cardiovascular outcome trials in patients with type 2 diabetes have been studied with SGLT2 inhibitors reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.:The current review article summarises these aspects and discusses possible mechanisms with SGLT2 inhibitors in protecting heart failure and renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Through glucosuria, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce body weight and body fat, and shift substrate utilisation from carbohydrates to lipids and, possibly, ketone bodies. These pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are likely to have contributed to the results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial in which the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, slowed down the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the role of SGLT2 in the physiology and pathophysiology of renal glucose reabsorption and outlines the unexpected logic of inhibiting SGLT2 in the diabetic kidney.
EXPERT EVALUATIONS IN THE PROBLEMS OF OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION OF FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Asalkhanov P. G. , Bendik N. V. , Ivan’o Ya. N. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the work is the use of various models for optimizing the production of agricultural products for management using empirical data and expert estimates.MethodIt is proposed to use individual or group averaged and interval values of production and economic parameters as expert estimates for the above linear programming problems under uncertainty. The use of averaged or interval expert evaluations is associated with the features of applied extreme problems and providing models with initial data.ResultModels are proposed for optimizing the production of agricultural products and harvesting wild food resources, for the implementation of which it is necessary to use expert estimates that supplement empirical data. The first task of optimizing the crop structure used interval values of the coefficients proposed by experts that characterize the timeliness of implementation technological operations. In the second task related to the planning of procurement of wild-growing products, interval expert estimates reflect fluctuations in the yield of wild plants, labor costs, and cost indicators of production. In the third task, an individual expert assessment of the effect of pollution on annual, perennial grasses and crops was used.ConclusionOptimization tasks for agricultural production, taking into account expert assessments, have been implemented for two agricultural enterprises in the Irkutsk region and the Bratsk region, which has significant reserves of wild food resources.
RATIONING ASSEMBLY-MOUNTING WORKS AT THE DEVELOPING ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Authors: Loskutov I. A. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives The aim of the study is to simulate assembly and installation work when creating equipment for nuclear power plants based on radio electronicsMethod The study is based on methods of mathematical modeling of technological processes.Result This work is the structuring of knowledge on the assembly and installation of electronic equipment for nuclear power plants. Known methods for the production of printed circuit boards are described. Since the application of solder paste is one of the most responsible technological methods, to minimize the occurrence of defective prints, it is necessary to precisely select the components and make the appropriate chemical composition. For the model of the “Entry-Exit” system, the parameters of the input and disturbing array are shown.Conclusion Taking into account the parametric dependences and the effect of fatigue during sequential operation, an equation is obtained that allows, as a first approximation, to normalize assembly and installation works. Mounted mounting is not taken into account in the equation, as This process is more rational to carry out during the direct assembly of equipment or its components.
Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems and their Implications on Existing International Humanitarian Law Principles Approach: New Haven School of International Legal Theory
Authors: Venkatesh Sai 
Published: August 2019

The objective of this paper is to legally analyze the issues surrounding the use and regulation of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) and their implications on the existing principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The research and mode of approach towards this issue will be directed in consonance with the New Haven School of International Legal Thought. The paper will begin by defining the terms ‘AWS’ and ‘New Haven school’ for the purpose of this study. Subsequently, it will highlight the various notable issues of contention with relation to existing principles of IHL. In doing so, the paper will earmark these issues under the scope of the New Haven method and conclude exclusively to that school of international thought.
In its conclusion, this paper will emphasize the need for AWS in today’s world, and how regulation, rather than prohibition, would be the ideal solution towards addressing the conundrum of their legality. It will also distinguish the key elements of the New Haven school and how these were directly incorporated into this paper so as to arrive at the predicated resolution, emphasizing the need for legality of AWS to attain world peace and order.
ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM: LÍNGUA E ENSINO
Authors: Indursky Freda 
Published: August 2019

Les études du langage constituent un champs de connaisances et très hétérogène. Par conséquent, il comporte plusieurs et différentes acceptions de langue. Pour la linguistique moderne, fondée par Ferdinand de Saussure, la langue, conçue comme système, n´acoorde pas d´espace pour les marques de l´activité langagière de l´homme. L´acception benvenistienne de langue, par contre, prend en considération les interlocuteurs aussi bien que leur contexte situationnel. D´où l´on peut conclure que la langue conçue au cadre de la théorie de l`énonciation établit des rapports internes et externes. Michel Pêcheux, à son tour, pour pouvoir réfléchir sur son object, le discours, conçoit l´extériorité comme constitutive de la langue et le sujet, affecté par l´inconscient et interpellé par l´idéologie, s´identifie avec cette langue à partir du contexte socio-historique dans lequel il est inscrit. Et pour que l´on puisse mieux percevoir les differences entre ces trois acceptions de langue, ces différentes perspectives théoriques seront mobilisées pour analyser un meme énoncé.
Memórias e traços identitários em Nur na escuridão
Authors: Lisboa de Mello Ana Maria 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo propõe-se refletir sobre o romance que revela processos de imigração e trocas culturais, construído com formas discursivas eleitas pelos escritores para, pelo acionamento da memória, revelar conflitos subjetivos complexos, seguidamente melancólicos, e formas de confronto com o outro. Esses processos de imigração deram lugar a uma escritura literária de caráter transnacional, já que a identidade dos escritores é compósita, carregada de uma herança cultural que se mescla à do país de acolhida. O romance Nur na escuridão, de Salim Miguel, aqui focalizado, é um desses romances cujo narrador articula a sua memória à de sua família, sobretudo do pai, retornando ao passado, para dar ao presente outro grau de clareza e compreensão.
PESQUISAS EM REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE EM REDE DA PRODUÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA EM PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS AVALIADOS NA ÁREA DE ENSINO
Authors: Freitas Tiêgo Dos Santos , Vittorazzi Dayvisson Luís , Gouveia Daniele Da Silva Maia , Fejolo Thomas Barbosa , Testa Braz da Silva Alcina Maria 
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise de um mapeamento realizado com base nas publicações acerca da temática das Representações Sociais em periódicos nacionais, avaliados no estrato A pelo Qualis CAPES, na área de Ensino. Após a identificação e catalogação dos artigos, foi construído um banco de dados com auxílio de planilhas eletrônicas, levando em consideração as principais características dos trabalhos. Os dados coletados foram dispostos em tabelas e analisados por meio do uso do software Gephi 0.9.1 para a identificação de possíveis relações. Classificamos os trabalhos em três grandes áreas (Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Saúde e Multidisciplinar), considerando a classificação proposta pela CAPES e passamos a trabalhar com as principais características de cada área mediante as publicações. Por meio dos dados coletados, foi possível sinalizar uma predominância das pesquisas em Representações Sociais na área das Ciências da Saúde com ênfase para a questão da saúde coletiva. No entanto, o campo das Ciências Humanas também tem aplicado o referencial proposto por Moscovici (2012) e vem desenvolvendo um quantitativo crescente de investigações.
Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesive Systems Applied in Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Strategies on Natural Dentin Caries
Authors: Hass V , Cardenas AFM , Siqueira FSF , Pacheco RR , Zago PMW , Silva DO , Bandeca MC , Loguercio AD 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY

Objective:
This study investigated the bonding performance of three universal adhesive systems applied using etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) strategies on natural dentin caries.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty human third molars were selected for this study: 30 naturally carious (CAD) and 30 sound (SD) teeth. The dentin surfaces were exposed, and teeth were randomly assigned to each evaluated adhesive system: Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Futurabond U (FBU), and Prime&Bond Elect (PBE) and an adhesive strategy: ER or SE. The adhesive systems were applied following the manufacturer's instructions, and the teeth were restored using a resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M). After 24 hours (distilled water at 37°C), samples were sectioned and evaluated using microtensile bond strength analysis (μTBS), micro-Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer (DC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to describe the morphology of the hybrid layer. The μTBS and DC data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for means comparison (α=0.05). The SEM images were analyzed qualitatively.

Results:
Reduced μTBS values were observed when comparing CAD with SD, regardless of adhesive system or strategy (p&lt;0.0001). SBU showed statistically higher μTBS for both dentin substrates and strategies (p&lt;0.0001). Furthermore, SBU showed greater integrity of the hybrid layer and resin tag formation compared with FBU and PBE. Mean μTBS values for FBU were higher for SD in the SE mode, whereas higher mean μTBS values were observed for CAD in the ER mode, both compared with PBE (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion:
Bonding performance is reduced on a caries-affected substrate. The ER strategy was not able to improve the bonding performance on natural CAD for universal adhesive systems. Improved bonding performance was obtained when using the Scotchbond Universal system.
Preparation of Teaching Book Based on Integrative Approach in “Madani Super Camp” Narmada West Lombok (ar)
Authors: Nita Kasih Baiq Widia 
Published: August 2019

Arabic learning in Indonesia is divided into two institutions that is Arabic learning in formal and non-formal institutions. And in a learning process, teaching books is very important because it’s one of the basic elements of the existing curriculum components. The researcher founds that there is no teaching books for Arabic lesson in Madani Super Camp and it’s causes no Arabic learning there. Therefore, researcher needs to compile teaching books according to the necessary of students.. The purpose of this research is to produce a teaching books based on integrative approach and to measure the effectiveness of that book to improve student’s ability in Arabic learning. This research uses research and development method with qualitative and quantitative approach. Researcher also used the ADDIE’s development research steps:analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The techniques to collect data are observation, interview, questionnaire and test. The results of this research is a teaching books consisting of eight units, that are: ashwat, mufrodat, tarkib, istima’, kalam, qira'ah, kitabah and ibaroh qosiroh. And each unit consists of fourteen lesson except the eighth unit that is seventeen lesson. And teaching books that have been prepared are effective to improve student’s ability in Arabic language learning.
Learning Material Development for ’Ilm Al-Bayan Using Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach Applied in Daarul Ukhuwwah Islamic Boarding School Malang, East Java (ar)
Authors: Musalwa Musalwa 
Published: August 2019

The study starts from the awareness of the importance of ’ilm al-bayan and the difficulties faced by the students in understanding it. The difficulties due to some causes such as Arabic written books and some examples in the book are from Arabic poems using language which is hard to understand. The researcher employs R&D method of Borg and Gall. The researcher formulates three research objectives: 1) to produce learning material for ’ilm al-bayan using CTL, 2) to find out the material characteristic developed using CTL, 3) to find out the effectiveness of the material developed using CTL. The result of the study is the material development for ’ilm al-bayan using Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. In the expert validation stage, the product gains the score84.72 % (very good) from the content expert, 75.4 % (good) from the design expert, 70 % (good), from the teacher of ‘ilm al-bayan, and 84.35 % from the students who likes the learning using the developed material. The developed material using contextual approach is effective in assisting the students to understand the material of ’ilm al-bayan, proven with t test result, in which tcount is bigger than ttable for 0.05% and 0.01%, 2.508 <16.20 > 2.819.
Welding Technique Training and Neon Box Advertising Board for Youth Work Groups in Areas Affected by Earthquake Disasters
Authors: Karudin Arwizet , Ambiyar Ambiyar , Rahim Bulkia , Lapisa Remon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: Cubadak Air and Sikapak Barat villages are two villages from many villages affected by the earthquake that hit West Sumatra in 2009. The impact is still felt today. More than eighty percent of the houses and economic facilities of the people in this area were destroyed, so there was a lot of unemployment in this village. The purpose of this activity was to train groups of out of school youth in Cubadak Air and Sikapak Barat villages about welding techniques and the manufacture of neon box advertising boards. The method used in this activity is the provision of theories about the science of materials, welding, workshop management, welding practice techniques, and the manufacture of billboards. The results of this activity were the completion of the signboard of the Al-Abrar Great Mosque and the "Piaman Saiyo" Community Training Center in Cubadak Air Village.Key words: Workmanship, Billboards, Neon boxes, Skills Abstrak. Desa Cubadak Air dan Sikapak Barat adalah dua desa dari banyak desa yang terkena bencana gempa yang melanda Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2009 lalu. Dampaknya hingga kini masih terasa. Lebih delapan puluh persen rumah dan fasilitas perekonomian masyarakat di daerah ini hancur, sehingga di desa ini banyak terjadi pengangguran. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk melatih kelompok pemuda putus sekolah di Desa Cubadak Air dan Sikapak Barat tentang teknik pengelasan dan pembuatan papan iklan dari neon box. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pemberian teori tentang ilmu bahan, las, manjemen bengkel, teknik praktek las, dan pembuatan papan iklan. Hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah telah selesainya papan nama Masjid Raya Al-Abrar dan Pusat Pelatihan Masyarakat “Piaman Saiyo” di Desa Cubadak Air.Keywords: Tuna karya, Papan iklan, Neon box, Skill
Janus kinase V617F mutation detection in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Nikolova D , Yordanov A , Damyanova V , Radinov A , Toncheva D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by a presence of an extra fibrous tissue in the bone marrow and additional hematopoiesis. The somatic mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (V617F) occurs gradually and is detected in about 50.0% of myelofibrosis or essential thrombo-cytopenia (ET) patients. Our aim was to determine the genotype status according to the carriers of the V617F mutation in patients with MF at the Hematology Ward of the University Hospital "Ivan Rilski" in Sofia, Bulgaria. DNA samples were isolated from venous blood of patients with various hematological disorders. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent restriction analysis was performed using a BsaXI restriction enzyme. The genotype status was determined on 2.0% agarose gel. We analyzed 38 patients initially suspected of carrying MF or osteomyelofibrosis (OMF). After trepanobiopsy, 20 out of 38 patients were confirmed as myelofibrotic (52.6%), 5/38 (13.2%) were diagnosed as ET, 1/38 (2.6%) was diagnosed as myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 6/38 (15.8%) had polycythemia vera (PV). In six patients, the presence of disease was rejected. Patients with MF were divided into three groups according to the JAK2 V617F genotype status: homozygous for the mutation (3/20 or 15.0%), heterozygous (9/20 or 45.0%) and homozygous for the wild type allele (8/20 or 40.0%). The triggering factor of MF is still unknown. It was considered that this factor could have a genetic nature. Mutations in three genes were mainly accepted as an actual predisposing events to this disease: point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions in JAK2 (V617F) and in MPL (W515L, W515K), as well as insertion or deletion in CALK We have proven that carriers of the V617F mutation prevailed in the group of patients with MF (altogether 12 patients or 60.0%). Previous studies also showed that JAK2 V617F is present in more than half of MF patients within their blood-forming cells. Therefore, the risk of evolution to MF could be associated with V617F-mutant allele burden in patients with MPN.