bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PPARα and γ Activation Effects of New Nor-triterpenoidal Saponins from the Aerial Parts of Anabasis articulata
Authors: Salah El Dine Riham , Abdallah Hossam , Kandil Zeinab , Zaki Ahmed , Khan Shabana , Khan Ikhlas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Anabasis articulata, traditionally used to treat diabetes, is rich in saponin content. This study was performed to investigate the agonistic effect of its saponins on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells to explore the possibility of the involvement of these nuclear receptors in the mechanism of the antidiabetic effect of the plant. Chemical investigation of the n-butanol fraction resulted in the isolation of three new and one known 30-noroleanane triterpenoid saponins. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 3β-hydroxy,23-aldehyde-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3β-O-D-galactopyranosyl-23-aldehyde-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), and 3β-O-D-xylopyranosyl-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), while the known 30-nortriterpenoidal saponin was identified as boussingoside E (4). Although, the isolated saponins (1 – 4) did not show > 1.5-fold activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, but two of them (1 and 3) activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α to the higher extents of 2.25- and 1.86-fold, respectively. These results suggest that the reported antidiabetic action of the isolated saponins may not solely involve the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. However, the agonistic activity of the n-butanol fraction of A. articulata (1.71-fold induction) and two of its saponins (1 and 3) towards peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α may be beneficial in the cardiovascular condition that is closely associated with diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Surgical Management Patterns of Sinonasal Malignancy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Husain Qasim , Joshi Rohan R. , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Roman Benjamin R. , Ganly Ian , Tabar Viviane , Cohen Marc A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives Determining surgical trends and outcomes for sinonasal tumors is challenging given their low incidence and heterogeneous pathology. This study utilized the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to identify trends and outcomes associated with surgical management of sinonasal tumors.
Design Retrospective database analysis.
Setting National Cancer Database.
Participants Patients with sinonasal malignancies identified from the NCDB between 2010 and 2015.
Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the choice of surgical therapy used for sinonasal tumor resection: endoscopic versus open approach. Each was cohort analyzed with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. A treatment effect model was used to identify potential differences between surgical approaches. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.
Results A total of 10,193 patients with sinonasal malignancies were identified in the NCDB database; of these, 2,292 had a documented subsite, histology, and definitive surgical treatment with documented surgical approach and were included in the analysis. About 71.9% of patients had an open approach and 28.1% a purely endoscopic procedures. Tumor histology, treatment facility type, margin status, and length of stay were all variables that were associated with significant differences between the open and endoscopic cohort. Five-year survival rates for the open and endoscopic cohorts were not significantly different (59.6 and 60.8%, respectively).
Conclusions Assessment of the NCDB revealed that 28% patients with sinonasal malignancy were selected for endoscopic surgery. These patients had comparable oncologic outcomes to open resection.
The structure and classification of complex borates
Authors: Topnikova Anastasiya P. , Belokoneva Elena L. 
Published: October 2018

The review is devoted to systematic analysis of polyborate structures based on the recognition of fundamental building blocks. A wide range of inorganic polyborates are analyzed. The approach makes it possible to identify the place of new compounds among previously investigated ones, to compare their structures and to reveal structural features in order to substantiate the properties of novel materials and to optimize their search.
The bibliography includes 87 references.
Cyclization of ortho-ethynylbiaryls as an emerging versatile tool for the construction of polycyclic arenes
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Shestakov Aleksandr N. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. 
Published: October 2018

Cyclization and cycloisomerization of ortho-aryl(ethynyl)arenes provide an easy direct access to fused polycyclic aromatic carbo- and heterocycles. This methodology has demonstrated an impressive progress in the recent years. The goal of this review is to give a comprehensive outlook on the synthetic potential, scope, limitations, and mechanistic aspects of the cyclization reactions. The material is arranged according to the activation method that can be used to induce cyclization: pyrolysis, metal catalysis, electrophilic activation, radical induction, base catalysis. Particular attention is paid to the specificity of ortho-ethynylbiaryls with a heterocyclic central core.
The bibliography includes 257 references.
Training load and schedule are important determinants of sleep behaviours in youth‐soccer players
Authors: Whitworth‐Turner Craig M. , Di Michele Rocco , Muir Ian , Gregson Warren , Drust Barry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe current study examined how sleep may be influenced by the scheduling of training and match load within 10 youth‐soccer players. Sleep was measured over a 14‐day in‐season period using a commercially available wireless sleep monitor. Each collected sleep variable; lights out, sleep latency, total sleep time wake after sleep onset and final awakening, was compared for the specific day within the training schedule (e.g. match day [MD], day after match [MD + 1]) and to training/match load (high‐speed distance (>5.5 m/s) [HSD] and rating of perceived exertion. The data were analysed using mixed models and effect sizes, to describe the magnitude of effects that training schedule and training load may have on sleep. A reduction of sleep duration was observed on the day after the match (MD + 1) in relation to the training days preceding the match (MD‐2: −65 min, ES: 0.89 ± 0.79; MD‐1 −61 min, ES: 0.82 ± 0.64) and reduction on match day (+45 min; ES: 1.91 ± 1.69). This may suggest youth‐soccer players actively change their sleep scheduling behaviours in relation to the imposed soccer schedule. Increased high‐speed running (for every 100 m) showed a small increase to total sleep time (+9 min; ES: 0.48 ± 0.31). This may suggest that increases in training load may be associated with small increases in sleep quantity. Such observations may highlight that the type of day and the associated load within the training microcycle may have important consequences for sleep within youth‐soccer players.
Remarks on the higher dimensional Suita conjecture
Authors: Balakumar G. P. , Borah Diganta , Mahajan Prachi , Verma Kaushal 
Published: October 2018

To study the analog of Suita’s conjecture for domains

D
⊂

C

n

D \subset \mathbb {C}^n

,

n
≥
2

n \geq 2

, Błocki introduced the invariant

F
D
k

(
z
)
=

K
D

(
z
)
λ

(

I
D
k

(
z
)

)

F^k_D(z)=K_D(z)\lambda \big (I^k_D(z)\big )

, where

K
D

(
z
)

K_D(z)

is the Bergman kernel of

D
D

along the diagonal and

λ

(

I
D
k

(
z
)

)

\lambda \big (I^k_D(z)\big )

is the Lebesgue measure of the Kobayashi indicatrix at the point

z
z

. In this note, we study the behaviour of

F
D
k

(
z
)

F^k_D(z)

(and other similar invariants using different metrics) on strongly pseudconvex domains and also compute its limiting behaviour explicitly at certain points of decoupled egg domains in

C

2

\mathbb {C}^2

.
Centrality-friendship paradoxes: when our friends are more important than us
Authors: Higham Desmond J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe friendship paradox states that, on average, our friends have more friends than we do. In network terms, the average degree over the nodes can never exceed the average degree over the neighbours of nodes. This effect, which is a classic example of sampling bias, has attracted much attention in the social science and network science literature, with variations and extensions of the paradox being defined, tested and interpreted. Here, we show that a version of the paradox holds rigorously for eigenvector centrality: on average, our friends are more important than us. We then consider general matrix-function centrality, including Katz centrality, and give sufficient conditions for the paradox to hold. We also discuss which results can be generalized to the cases of directed and weighted edges. In this way, we add theoretical support for a field that has largely been evolving through empirical testing.
A modelling approach to evaluate the impact of fish spatial behavioural types on fisheries stock assessment
Authors: Alós Josep , Campos-Candela Andrea , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Spatial behavioural types (SBTs) arise from between-individual differences in behavioural traits that foster spatial behavioural patterns that are consistent over time and ecological contexts. Fish stocks are regularly assessed using catch per unit effort (CPUE) as input data that may non-linearly co-vary with the underlying abundance (N) of the exploited stock when SBT affect catchability. We hypothesized that SBT promote characteristic changes in catchability within harvesting seasons that affect catch rates and in turn catch-based fish stock assessments. To test this hypothesis, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based simulation where we measured encounters between fish and fishers and estimated the shape of the CPUE–N relationship. We ran the simulation in a prototypical fish–fisher encounter-leads-to-catch-type fishery and systematically studied outcomes in the presence or absence of SBTs. It was revealed that the existence of SBTs leads to CPUE inevitably declining faster than N (a process known as hyperdepletion) when compared with a simulation lacking SBTs. This finding was consistent in a wide range of fishing effort scenarios. The emergent hyperdepletion of catch rates was caused by fast and behavioural-selective exploitation of vulnerable SBT that encompassed the mobile component of the fish stock. The theoretical predictions received support from field data from a coastal recreational fishery. Our work suggests that the consideration of SBT when interpreting trends in CPUE data may notably improve stock assessments by providing a more reliable CPUE–N relationship.
Clinical interpretation of negative mediated interaction
Authors: Mutlu Unal , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Ikram Mohammad Kamran 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecently, using a counterfactual framework, a causal mediation analysis has been formalized to decompose the total effect of a time-fixed exposure on an outcome into four components that can be loosely defined as being components due to mediation only, interaction only, mediated interaction and neither. The interpretation of the estimated effect sizes is challenging when these components of the total effect are of the opposite sign compared with each other. Particularly, a negative mediated interaction might be intuitively difficult to conceptualize and, so far, lacks an easy-to-understand biological or mechanical interpretation.MethodsIn this paper, we focus on negative mediated interaction, and propose an interpretation using biological examples. For negative mediated interaction to be present, the effect of interaction on the outcome and the effect of the exposure on the mediator should be in opposite directions.ResultsIn this article, we give examples of biological and biochemical processes that may exhibit negative mediated interaction, such as drug treatment in clinical practice, allosteric effects of enzymes, different adaptations in the cardiovascular system and its effect on brain health, and antibiotic drug–drug interactions.ConclusionsWe aim to make researchers realize that negative-effect estimates might reflect relevant biological processes in the mechanism under study.
A multilevel analysis of overweight and obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Malawi: evidence from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ntenda Peter Austin Morton , Kazambwe Jane Flora 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Overweight and obesity are well-known risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers and musculoskeletal disorders. In Malawi, the proportion of women who are overweight/obese has doubled, from 10% in 1992 to 21% in 2015–16. Therefore we aimed to explore the individual- and community-level factors associated with overweight and obesity among non-pregnant women of child-bearing age.

Methods
Secondary analysis of the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey was conducted. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to &lt;30 kg/m2, while obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Two-level multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using a logit-link function with a binomial distribution on 7326 women living in 850 different communities.

Results
At the individual level, the adjusted multilevel regression results showed that women 15–19 y of age as well as women from the poorest households had reduced odds of being overweight/obese. However, women with white collar jobs and women who were affiliated with the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian and the Roman Catholic church had increased odds of being overweight/obese. At the community level, women from urban areas and women who resided in communities with a low percentage of media exposure had increased odds of being overweight or obese. While women from poor communities had reduced odds of being overweight and obese, the proportion change in variance showed that 56, 77 and 78% of total variations in the odds of overweight, obese and overweight/obese across the communities were explained by both individual- and community-level factors. The median odds ratio showed that the likelihood of maternal overweight, obese and overweight/obese increased by 63, 39 and 84% when the women moved from low- to high-risk neighbourhoods.

Conclusions
Older women, Christian women, women with white collar jobs and women from the richest households should be targeted during policy formulation. At the community level, media coverage should be spread evenly so that health awareness messages, consequences and means of overweight and obesity prevention are getting to the targeted women. Our study revealed evidence of clustering effects of overweight and obesity at the community level, hence neighbourhood variations with respect to maternal overweight and obesity should be taken into account when designing nutritional policies.
Guideline for [Clinical Guidelines Constitution/Amendment] in China
Authors: Jiang Zhu-ming , Zhan Si-yan , Zuo Li , Jia Xiao-wei , Fang Hai , Li Xiao-xiao , Ye Xin , Gao Run-lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuality problem or issueChinese medical institutions need clinical guidelines to improve healthcare quality. Unfamiliarity with clinical methodology and procedures leads to poor quality.Initial assessmentThis study examined 327 clinical guidelines made in China during the period of 2006–10 and found these clinical guidelines have many problems in terms of guideline making procedures-compliant process, conflicts of interest disclosure.Choice of solutionChinese Medical Association organized a working group in 2014 to make a national [Guideline for Clinical Guidelines Constitution/Amendment] and invited multidiscipline experts to prove its possibility.ImplementationExperts investigated and reviewed numerous domestic and foreign published literature within the past 2 years, concluded that a clinical guideline should have following seven components: I. Objective; II. General Principle; III. Procedure and Methodology; IV. Confirmation, Publication and Dissemination; V. Update and Amendment; VI. Implementation and Outcome Validation; VII. Reference.EvaluationThe [Guideline for Clinical Guidelines Constitution/Amendment] will improve the quality of Chinese clinical guidelines and regulate applications, as well as outcome evaluations of clinical guidelines in China.Lessons learnedStandardized methodology and procedures are important for constituting high-quality clinical guidelines.
Synthesizing electronic health records using improved generative adversarial networks
Authors: Baowaly Mrinal Kanti , Lin Chia-Ching , Liu Chao-Lin , Chen Kuan-Ta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to generate synthetic electronic health records (EHRs). The generated EHR data will be more realistic than those generated using the existing medical Generative Adversarial Network (medGAN) method.Materials and MethodsWe modified medGAN to obtain two synthetic data generation models—designated as medical Wasserstein GAN with gradient penalty (medWGAN) and medical boundary-seeking GAN (medBGAN)—and compared the results obtained using the three models. We used 2 databases: MIMIC-III and National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), Taiwan. First, we trained the models and generated synthetic EHRs by using these three 3 models. We then analyzed and compared the models’ performance by using a few statistical methods (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, dimension-wise probability for binary data, and dimension-wise average count for count data) and 2 machine learning tasks (association rule mining and prediction).ResultsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis and found our models were adequately efficient for generating synthetic EHR data. The proposed models outperformed medGAN in all cases, and among the 3 models, boundary-seeking GAN (medBGAN) performed the best.DiscussionTo generate realistic synthetic EHR data, the proposed models will be effective in the medical industry and related research from the viewpoint of providing better services. Moreover, they will eliminate barriers including limited access to EHR data and thus accelerate research on medical informatics.ConclusionThe proposed models can adequately learn the data distribution of real EHRs and efficiently generate realistic synthetic EHRs. The results show the superiority of our models over the existing model.
Black aspergilli: A remaining challenge in fungal taxonomy?
Authors: D’hooge Elizabet , Becker Pierre , Stubbe Dirk , Normand Anne-Cécile , Piarroux Renaud , Hendrickx Marijke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAspergillus section Nigri is a taxonomically difficult but medically and economically important group. In this study, an update of the taxonomy of A. section Nigri strains within the BCCM/IHEM collection has been conducted. The identification accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was tested and the antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates were evaluated. A total of 175 strains were molecularly analyzed. Three regions were amplified (ITS, benA, and caM) and a multi-locus phylogeny of the combined loci was created by using maximum likelihood analysis. The in-house MALDI-TOF MS reference database was extended and an identification data set of 135 strains was run against a reference data set. Antifungal susceptibility was tested for voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, using the EUCAST method. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 18 species in our data set. MALDI-TOF MS was able to distinguish between A. brasiliensis, A. brunneoviolaceus, A. neoniger, A. niger, A. tubingensis, and A. welwitschiae of A. sect. Nigri. In the routine clinical lab, isolates of A. sect. Nigri are often identified as A. niger. However, in the clinical isolates of our data set, A. tubingensis (n = 35) and A. welwitschiae (n = 34) are more common than A. niger (n = 9). Decreased antifungal susceptibility to azoles was observed in clinical isolates of the /tubingensis clade. This emphasizes the importance of identification up to species level or at least up to clade level in the clinical lab. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be a powerful tool to replace classical morphology.
Home Health and Community Care Workers’ Occupational Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: A Rapid Literature Review
Authors: Angus Kathryn , Semple Sean 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Although many workers are protected from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS), home health and community care workers enter domestic settings where SHS is commonly present. Little is known about the extent of SHS exposure among this occupational group.

Methods
A rapid review to examine the literature on home health and community care workers’ exposure to SHS at work and identify research gaps. Systematic searches combining terms for SHS exposure (eg, “tobacco smoke pollution”) with terms for home health and care workers, patients and settings (eg, “home health nursing”) were run in CINAHL and Medline (with no date or language limitations). Web site and backward-forward citation searches identified further papers for narrative review.

Results
Twenty relevant publications covering seventeen studies considered home health or community care workers’ exposure to SHS either solely or as part of an assessment of other workplace hazards. Eight studies provided data on either the proportion of home care workers exposed to SHS or the frequency of exposure to SHS. No studies provided quantification of SHS concentrations experienced by this group of workers.

Conclusions
Exposure to SHS is likely to be common for workers who enter private homes to provide care. There is a need for research to understand the number of workers exposed to SHS, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of the exposure. Guidance should be developed to balance the rights and responsibilities of those requiring care alongside the need to prevent the harmful effects of SHS to workers providing care in domestic settings.

Implications
Very little is known about home health and community care workers’ exposure to SHS. There is a need for research to quantify how many workers are exposed, how often and for how long exposure occurs, and the concentrations of SHS experienced. In many countries, home health care workers may be one of the largest working groups that experience exposure to SHS as part of their employment. The public health community needs to engage in a debate about how home health care workers can be best protected from SHS.