bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter Pylori Infection and its Associated Factors Among Adult Clients Attending out-Patient Department in Shashemene Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Shashemene Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Amenu Motuma , Aman Rameto , Lemma Kebebew , Gebrie Meless 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major public health problem with 50% of the global population infected. Millions of people develop the peptic ulcerative disease in their lifetime and many may progress into gastric cancer. It is endemic to developing countries, including Ethiopia.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection & its associated factors among dyspeptic & non-dyspeptic
adult Clients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional institutional study involving 423 adult clients attending OPD at Shashemene Comprehensive Hospital was conducted from March 3 to April 15, 2021. Data for risk factors were assessed through a structured questionnaire. About 50 mg fresh stool and 1ml of total venous whole blood sample were taken for H. pylori antigen using Wondfo feces test kit & blood, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS of version 22. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the significant variable with a cut-off p-value of less than 0.05.
Results: A total of 423 participants were interviewed giving a response rate of 100%. The mean (± SD) age of respondents was 35.6 (± 10.75) years. The magnitude of H. Pylori infection among participants was 26.7% with 95%CI (22.9, 31.2). Participants who had no formal education (AOR=3.25, CI 95% =1.49-7.04), alcohol consumption (AOR=4.54, CI 95%= 2.41-8.52), family size with ≥6 siblings (AOR= 6.14, CI 95% = 3.21-11.74), dyspepsia (AOR=2.34, CI 95% =1.18-4.61), uncooked food consumption (AOR=2.89, CI 95% =1.24-6.76), and highly perceived stress level participant (AOR= 8.87, CI 95% = 3.95-9.93) were significantly associated with H. Pylori infection
Conclusion: The overall prevalence is high in the study area, where one in four patients were being infected. The study showed significant association of different factors mentioned in results, The results also indicated that the bacterium is common in healthy individuals and is still a public health concern that needs further investigation by future researchers.
Prevalence of Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among the Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: khan Salman , -Rehman Naseeb-Ur , Zubair Mohammad , Khan Nisar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a growing global health concern that is a chronic danger to world health due to tuberculosis (TB).
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of both pre extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PXDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (EXDRTB) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB).
Material and Method: A prospective study was performed at DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from March 2023 to February 2024. A cohort of 220 eligible patients with drug-resistant TB, aged 20 to 70, participated. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and patient profiles and drug susceptibility testing were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the total patients, 32.72% (n=72) had PXDRTB, and 8.18% (n=18) had EXDRTB. All PXDRTB cases showed resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ).
Conclusion: In order to lessen the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis on public health, tailored treatments and ethical antibiotic usage are important. This is highlighted by the high incidence of FQ resistance. These results have consequences for the early detection, management, and avoidance of tuberculosis that is resistant to drugs.
Pattern of Junk Food consumption Among Hostelite and Day Scholar Medical Students of Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Qazi Nadia , Ahmad Bilal , Singh Dheeraj , Ahmed Faisal , Shah Burhan Ali , Yasir Bushra , Khan Babar , Alam Faiz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Junk foods are considered to have low nutritional value, however, young people, especially students are particularly more attracted, because of its more readily available food options..
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the frequency of junk food consumption among undergraduate medical students in Peshawar and analyze the difference among Hostelite and day scholar medical students as well as to determine the factors responsible for it.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study data was collected from 207 MBBS students from five different medical colleges in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Random sampling technique was used to collect the data from January to July 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the students about various aspects of their junk food consumption and results obtained were statistically analyzed for level of significance.
Results: The results showed that weekly consumption (n=102, 49.3%) of junk food was the highest. Fast foods (50.5%) and snacks (27.1%) were the most consumed junk foods. The biggest reason for junk food consumption was ‘taste’ (n=178 62.7%). Gender showed a significant association (p<0.05) with increasing frequency of junk food with females consuming more. Differences in residential status and institution classes were not statistically significant effect (p>0.05). Comparison of Hostelite and day scholars for various factors like ‘taste’, ‘convenience’, affordability, social and ‘peer pressure’, ‘craving’ and ‘availability’ did not yield a significant difference either (p>0.05).
Conclusions: We concluded that the most commonly consumed junk food among medical students is ‘fast food’, citing ‘taste’ as the biggest reason. Availability affordability and other factors do not contribute as much. Both, Hostelite and day scholar medical students consume junk food at an equal rate. Females were found to have higher consumption as compared to male students.
PANOPTISMO DIGITAL E PRIVACIDADE LÍMBICA:
Authors: Silva Camila Ramos Celestino , Furbino Meire 
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, discorre-se sobre a atuação das plataformas digitais, na atualidade, e como ocorrem induções comportamentais a partir da análise de dados e rastros dos usuários. O principal objetivo é demonstrar os riscos aos direitos fundamentais, especialmente, liberdade e privacidade, face à atuação das grandes plataformas digitais e a influência que exercem, seja no comportamento, seja no consumo, ou, ainda, na escolha político-partidária. Com base em leitura especializada, nacional e estrangeira, demonstra-se o desenrolar da vida, em um ambiente panóptico (foucaultiano), que transforma dados brutos (big data) em capital, monetiza informações do usuário das redes, em uma nova racionalidade, denominada governamentalidade algorítmica. Esses dados retornam ao usuário em forma de produtos e opções selecionadas e direcionadas, conforme as bolhas em que se encontram, em franca manipulação comportamental. Por meio do método descritivo, evidencia-se a necessidade de proteção aos direitos fundamentais, em face dessa desafiadora dualidade: as vantagens da tecnologia e seus aspectos que restringem direitos.
The motivation to inform others: a field experiment with wild chimpanzees
Authors: Taylor Derry , Adue Sam , M’Botella Monday , Tatone Denis , Davila-Ross Marina , Zuberbühler Klaus , Dezecache Guillaume 
Published: December 2024

Background
Accumulating evidence indicates that some ape species produce more alarm behaviors to potential dangers when in the presence of uninformed conspecifics. However, since previous studies presented naturalistic stimuli, the influence of prior experience could not be controlled for.

Method
To examine this, we investigated whether apes (wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda) would communicate differently about a novel danger (an unusually large spider) depending on whether they were with an uniformed conspecific. We tested nine adult males, four of which were exposed to the danger twice alone (Non-Social group), while the remaining five were exposed to the danger first alone and then in the presence of conspecifics (Social group).

Results
We found that both alarm calling and gaze marking (i.e., persistent gaze after stimulus detection) were more persistent in the Social than Non-Social group, although the effect of condition only reached statistical significance for gaze marking, nonetheless suggesting that chimpanzees tailored their warning behavior to the presence of others, even if they were already familiar with the potential threat.
Investigating Rainfall Patterns in South Singhbhum: A Non-parametric Approach Utilizing Mann-Kendall Tests and Sen's Slope Estimator
Authors: Mohanta Jyotirmayee , Pathy Ashis Chandra 
Published: December 2024

Aims: The South Singhbhum region is a physical region that experiences monsoon climate and frequent tropical cyclones and has global importance because of its abundant mineral resources like iron, manganese and its mining activities. The agricultural practices mainly depend on rainfall as it is a hilly area. For that reason, sustainable management is necessary to fulfill ecological, industrial, and community water requirements. So, the investigation carried out in this study focuses on the analysis of rainfall patterns within the South Singhbhum region by utilizing non-parametric statistical methodologies with the objective of identifying any discernible trends and variations that have occurred over time.
Place and Duration of Study: South Singhbhum region of Odisha is extended between latitude to and longitude to . The area spread over on 45 blocks of Eight district in Odisha, India. The duration of time extended from 2008 to 2022.
Methodology: The Mann-Kendall (MK) test is utilized to effectively detect the presence of monotonic trends within both the annual and seasonal rainfall datasets. Furthermore, the sequential Mann-Kendall (S-MK) test is employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the temporal progression of these identified trends. The Sen's slope estimator is applied to accurately quantify the magnitude of the observed changes in rainfall patterns.
Results: The annual study shows a steady declining trend from 2008 to 2021, with a Sen's Slope of 2.0376 and a Z value of 1.0949. However, March is the only month with a positive trend, as seen by its Sen's Slope of 3.0328 and Z value of 1.9708. There are significant variances in Sen's Slope values, which show disparities in the amount of changes, even if negative trends are common. The steepest negative slope is in July (-3.554), and the highest slope is in August (8.981). The S-MK Test was used to determine the start time of the South Singhbhum Region's annual rainfall time series, which revealed statistically declining patterns. It has been observed that the area's rainfall tendency varies frequently. In 2009, 2011, 2017, and 2019, the lines in the u(t) and u'(t) graphs intersect. The rainfall series experienced a reduction from 2008 to 2009, a rise from 2009 to 2011, a decrease from 2011 to 2017, another increase from 2017 to 2019, and a decline starting in 2019.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the South Singhbhum Region's rainfall patterns are trending negatively, which makes it clear that quick implementation of comprehensive water resource management methods is necessary to support sustainable development initiatives in the near future.
Spanish Neurohistology: Maturity and Evolution of a Research School
Authors: Baratas‐Díaz Alfredo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTDuring the early 20th century, a neurobiological research school combining diverse scientific approaches (basic neurohistology, anatomical pathology, neurology, and psychiatry) emerged around the figure of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934). In the 1920s, a new building was erected and it was to become the major Spanish neurobiological research center. It was an oversized project that, unfortunately, did not facilitate the definitive consolidation of a Spanish neurohistological school. Later, the Civil War and the early years of Franco's dictatorship brought about the slow decline of this research group. Anat Rec, 303:1242–1251, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
A General Proline‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Sulfonyl Azide
Authors: Rajasekar Shanmugam , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn efficient proline‐catalyzed synthesis of 4,5‐disubstituted‐N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles has been accomplished from 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and sulfonyl azides. The developed reaction is suitable for various symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, tolerates various functional groups and affords 4,5‐disubstituted‐N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles in good yield with excellent regioselectivity. Rhodium‐catalyzed denitrogenative functionalization of 4,5‐disubstituted‐N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles further demonstrates their utility in organic synthesis.
Medication errors in a cohort of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on remission induction therapy in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico
Authors: Vázquez‐Cornejo Edmundo , Morales‐Ríos Olga , Juárez‐Villegas Luis E. , Islas Ortega Erika J. , Vázquez‐Estupiñán Felipe , Garduño‐Espinosa Juan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionMedication errors (MEs) are the main type of preventable adverse events in medical care, as well as safety indicators in the medication processes. Advances in the quality of care in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have enabled to improve clinical outcomes. However, ME epidemiology in pediatric oncology is still incipient in developing countries. In view of this, the objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of MEs, determine their types and consequences, as well as their preventability in the induction treatment of children with ALL at Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez.MethodsWe reviewed the remission‐induction chemotherapy records of children with ALL between January 2015 and December 2017. A two‐phase review was carried out for ME identification and verification. The consequences of errors were determined by agreement between reviewers.ResultsWe reviewed 1762 chemotherapy orders involving 181 children. MEs were observed in 16.9% of orders and in 57.5% of patients. Prescription errors were the most common (93.3%), with wrong dose errors (90.2%) being predominant. Only 3.7% of wrong dose errors were intercepted, while 12.2% of the children experienced adverse drug events (ADEs) preceded by some wrong dose error.ConclusionsMEs were common, since they occurred in 57.5% of children with ALL on induction treatment and involved 16.5% of chemotherapy orders. Only 3.7% of MEs were intercepted, while 12.2% of children had ADEs related to overdose. Measures are required to prevent calculation error in prescriptions, as well as training of the nursing staff to intercept MEs.
Pharmacology of mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors
Authors: Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Maslov Leonid N. , Oeltgen Peter R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is now firmly established that an important event in the formation of reperfusion injury of the heart is the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs), which changes the permeability of the mitochondria. mPTP opening results in the death of cardiomyocytes through activation of apoptosis and necroptosis. Experimental studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of mPTP opening promotes the reduction in the infarct size and the suppression of apoptosis. Indeed, studies have shown the efficacy of mPTP inhibitors in animal models of myocardial reperfusion and isolated human myocardial trabeculae. However, clinical trials of cyclosporin A and TRO40303 have not provided a clear answer to the question of the effectiveness of mPTP inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This article presents an analysis of possible approaches for the pharmacological regulation of mPTP during reperfusion injury of the heart.
Targeting age‐related differences in brain and cognition with multimodal imaging and connectome topography profiling
Authors: Lowe Alexander J. , Paquola Casey , Vos de Wael Reinder , Girn Manesh , Lariviere Sara , Tavakol Shahin , Caldairou Benoit , Royer Jessica , Schrader Dewi V. , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Spreng R. Nathan , Bernhardt Boris C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAging is characterized by accumulation of structural and metabolic changes in the brain. Recent studies suggest transmodal brain networks are especially sensitive to aging, which, we hypothesize, may be due to their apical position in the cortical hierarchy. Studying an open‐access healthy cohort (n= 102, age range = 30–89 years) with MRI and Aβ PET data, we estimated age‐related cortical thinning, hippocampal atrophy and Aβ deposition. In addition to carrying out surface‐based morphological and metabolic mapping experiments, we stratified effects along neocortical and hippocampal resting‐state functional connectome gradients derived from independent datasets. The cortical gradient depicts an axis of functional differentiation from sensory‐motor regions to transmodal regions, whereas the hippocampal gradient recapitulates its long‐axis. While age‐related thinning and increased Aβ deposition occurred across the entire cortical topography, increased Aβ deposition was especially pronounced toward higher‐order transmodal regions. Age‐related atrophy was greater toward the posterior end of the hippocampal long‐axis. No significant effect of age on Aβ deposition in the hippocampus was observed. Imaging markers correlated with behavioral measures of fluid intelligence and episodic memory in a topography‐specific manner, confirmed using both univariate as well as multivariate analyses. Our results strengthen existing evidence of structural and metabolic change in the aging brain and support the use of connectivity gradients as a compact framework to analyze and conceptualize brain‐based biomarkers of aging.
Quantitation of estradiol by competitive light‐initiated chemiluminescent assay using estriol as competitive antigen
Authors: Li Jiuzhi , Li Liuxu , Bian Ying , Yu Yang , Qiang Zhonghua , Zhang Yuexiang , Li Huiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLight‐initiated chemiluminescent assays (LICA) are homogeneous assays that are sensitive, specific, and free of separation and washing steps and have high throughput and high precision.MethodsIn this research, we developed a competitive method by LICA to achieve accurate quantification of estradiol (E2) in human serum. E2 competed with estriol (E3) for binding to anti‐human E2 antibodies. E3 was linked to biotin via bovine serum albumin as a linker. As this assay used competition between the labeled tracer and the analyte, an increase in E2 concentration will cause a signal decrease.ResultsThe expected detection range of E2 was 20‐5000 pg/mL. The analytical and functional sensitivities were 7.16 and 13.7 pg/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were both below 15%, and the recovery rate ranged from 97.5% to 106.8%. The interference rates ranged from −3.6% to 5.4% and met detection requirements for E2 in hyperbilirubinemia, hemolysis, and lipemia in clinical samples. In addition, the cross‐reactivity rates between E2 and structural analogs and some reproductive hormones varied from 1.9% to 10.6% which showed that LICA is highly specific for E2. Moreover, our results showed high accordance with the IMMULITE 2000 (y = 0.6695x + 47.92, r2 = .843) and VIDAS systems (y = 1.099x − 821.5, r2 = .9392).ConclusionOur data show that the LICA, which is easy to automate, is a promising technique for quantification of E2 in human serum and could be used for clinical detection.
Spatial interpolation of two‐metre temperature over Norway based on the combination of numerical weather prediction ensembles and in situ observations
Authors: Lussana C. , Seierstad I. A. , Nipen T. N. , Cantarello L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurate hourly two‐metre temperature gridded fields available in near real‐time are valuable products for numerous applications, such as civil protection and energy production planning. An analysis ensemble of temperature is obtained from the combination of a numerical weather prediction ensemble (background) and in situ observations. At the core of the flow‐dependent spatial interpolation method lies the analysis step of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). A scaling factor and a localization procedure have been added to correct for deficiencies of the background. Each observation is characterized by its own representativeness, which is allowed to vary in time. We call the method described here an Ensemble‐based Statistical Interpolation (EnSI) scheme for spatial analysis and it has been integrated into the operational post‐processing systems in use at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway). The benefits of the analysis are assessed over a 1‐year time period (July 2017–July 2018) and a case‐study is presented for a challenging situation over complex terrain. EnSI gives more accurate results than an interpolation method based exclusively on observations. The analysis ensemble provides a more informative representation of the uncertainty than a spatial analysis based on a single‐field background. EnSI reduces the number of large prediction errors in the analysis compared to the background by almost 50%, reduces the ensemble spread and increases its accuracy.
An Innovative Multidisciplinary Healthcare Model in Student Mental Health: Experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Sze Mon , Wong Ho Cheong , Lam Ching Yee , Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough studies showed that common mental disorders are prevalent amongst in the university students, non-stigmatizing mental health service tailor-made to university students is not often available within the health service setting in different parts of the world. In this paper, we review the current barriers for college students seeking help from student mental health service and discuss the pros and cons of different service models. It is argued that the traditional mode of addressing student mental health issues is grossly inadequate. Based on the review, the paper also shares the pilot experiences of the Mental Wellness Clinic operated under the University Health Service of one university in Hong Kong. We also explored the strengths and challenges of this multidisciplinary coordinated healthcare model in the promotion of well-being of university students.
Elections and Capital Flight: A Response to Goldsmith
Authors: Frantz Erica 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In a recent study, I show that capital flight follows an electoral cycle, such that it was higher in competitive election years than otherwise. This effect decreased as natural resource wealth increased. Goldsmith (forthcoming) reexamines the impact of competitive elections on capital flight using new data sources for both and finds little evidence of a relationship. In this response, I show that the primary reason that Goldsmith unearths mixed evidence is because his model specifications exclude an interaction term between elections and resource wealth that I use in my original study. Once this interaction term is included, the overall evidence suggests that elections—particularly those that are democratic—increase capital flight.