bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational simulation of sacral-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw fixation of pelvis and implications for fluoroscopic procedure: A cadaver study
Authors: Jeong Soon-Taek , Park Young-Seop , Jung Gu-Hee 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To determine an easy and convenient method of sacral-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw fixation and introduce the surgical landmarks for fluoroscopic procedure by analyzing 3-D models of pelvis and virtual implantation in a 3-D model. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two cadavers underwent computed tomography scans and the images imported into Mimics® software to make the 3-D pelvis model. The pedicle screw (Ø 8.5 mm/length 115 mm) was processed into a 3-D model using a 3-D-sensor (Comet5®) at the actual size and virtually placed as the S2AI screw. The ideal screw position was defined as the maximal intraosseous length without cortical perforation along the entire path. The ideal entry point and screw trajectory were verified and assessed to introduce the surgical landmark for fluoroscopic procedure. Results: There was no cortical violation around nerve root canal and greater sciatic notch through the entry point between first and second dorsal sacral foramen. There was no impossible model of S2AI screws. The average screw length was 99.8 mm (range, 59.8–115 mm; standard deviation, 16.1) and just one model had shorter than 65 mm S2AI screw. The factors limiting the intra-iliac screw length were sex ( p = 0.000) and the iliac groove around the sacroiliac joint ( p = 0.000). A free 360° rotation with magnification revealed that the screw trajectory was consistently directed toward the anteroinferior iliac spine (AIIS) in any plane. Conclusion: The ideal entry point of S2AI screw showed a wide range of tolerance between the first and second dorsal sacral foramen; and thus, there was no need for deep dissection to identify the first dorsal sacral foramen. Considering the tendency to shift the pilot hole laterally and the ideal screw trajectory was consistently directed toward AIIS, the entry point is better to be located with a medial shift.
Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Shaheen Seif O. , Lundholm Cecilia , Brew Bronwyn K. , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: March 2019

Many epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between prenatal exposure to paracetamol and childhood wheezing and asthma. We investigated whether the link between prenatal analgesic exposure and asthma/wheeze is specific to paracetamol, and whether it is causal or confounded.Using linked Swedish health register data we investigated the relation between various prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma/wheeze in a population of 492 999, and used negative paternal control and sibling comparison approaches to explore unmeasured confounding.After controlling for potential confounders, prescribed opioids, antimigraine drugs and paracetamol were all positively associated with childhood asthma/wheeze risk at all ages (e.g.for asthma/wheeze at age 4 years: adjusted OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.30–1.49), 1.19 (95% CI 1.01–1.40) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.36–1.59) for opioids, antimigraine drugs and paracetamol, respectively). The results of the paternal control analysis did not suggest the presence of unmeasured confounding by genetics or shared environment. However, the sibling control analysis broadly suggested that associations between prenatal exposure to the analgesics and asthma/wheeze were confounded by specific maternal factors (e.g.for asthma/wheeze at age 4 years: adjusted OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.62–1.31), 0.50 (95% CI 0.17–1.45) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.50–1.29) for opioids, antimigraine drugs and paracetamol, respectively).We propose that analgesic use in pregnancy does not cause childhood asthma/wheeze and that the association is confounded by unmeasured factors that are intrinsic to the mother, such as chronic pain or anxiety.
Mycobacterium abscessuspulmonary disease: individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Kwak Nakwon , Dalcolmo Margareth Pretti , Daley Charles L. , Eather Geoffrey , Gayoso Regina , Hasegawa Naoki , Jhun Byung Woo , Koh Won-Jung , Namkoong Ho , Park Jimyung , Thomson Rachel , van Ingen Jakko , Zweijpfenning Sanne M.H. , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: March 2019

Treatment ofMycobacterium abscessuspulmonary disease (MAB-PD), caused byM. abscessussubsp.abscessus,M. abscessussubsp.massilienseorM. abscessussubsp.bolletii, is challenging.We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis based on studies reporting treatment outcomes for MAB-PD to clarify treatment outcomes for MAB-PD and the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes. Treatment success was defined as culture conversion for ≥12 months while on treatment or sustained culture conversion without relapse until the end of treatment.Among 14 eligible studies, datasets from eight studies were provided and a total of 303 patients with MAB-PD were included in the analysis. The treatment success rate across all patients with MAB-PD was 45.6%. The specific treatment success rates were 33.0% forM. abscessussubsp.abscessusand 56.7% forM. abscessussubsp.massiliense. For MAB-PD overall, the use of imipenem was associated with treatment success (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.65, 95% CI 1.36–5.10). For patients withM. abscessussubsp.abscessus, the use of azithromycin (aOR 3.29, 95% CI 1.26–8.62), parenteral amikacin (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05–1.99) or imipenem (aOR 7.96, 95% CI 1.52–41.6) was related to treatment success. For patients with M. abscessussubsp.massiliense, the choice among these drugs was not associated with treatment outcomes.Treatment outcomes for MAB-PD are unsatisfactory. The use of azithromycin, amikacin or imipenem was associated with better outcomes for patients withM. abscessussubsp.abscessus.
Incidence of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis estimated using Poisson distribution
Authors: Kitamura Nobutaka , Ohkouchi Shinya , Tazawa Ryushi , Ishii Haruyuki , Takada Toshinori , Sakagami Takuro , Tanaka Takahiro , Nakata Koh 
Published: March 2019

The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Japan were previously estimated to be 0.49 and 6.2 per million, respectively. Thereafter, an increase in serological diagnosis forced a re-estimation of the incidence based on more contemporaneous data using more robust methods.Sera of 702 patients were positive for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibody during the 2006–2016 period (group A). Of these patients, 43 were actively surveyed in Niigata prefecture (group B) for estimation of the incidence. To estimate the survival period, 103 patients (group C) were investigated retrospectively for the 1999–2017 period using restricted mean survival time.In group A, the number of patients diagnosed in each prefecture was closely correlated with the corresponding population, indicating no regional integration of onset. In group B, a total of 43 patients were diagnosed, the annual number followed a Poisson distribution and the incidence was thus estimated to be 1.65 per million. In group C, the retrospective cohort study revealed the mean survival period to be 16.1 years. Taken together, the prevalence was estimated to be 26.6 per million, indicating that the previous data for incidence and prevalence was an underestimation.
Altered bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Duflot Thomas , Moreau-Grangé Lucile , Roche Clothilde , Iacob Michèle , Wils Julien , Rémy-Jouet Isabelle , Cailleux Anne-Françoise , Leuillier Matthieu , Renet Sylvanie , Li Dongyang , Morisseau Christophe , Lamoureux Fabien , Richard Vincent , Prévost Gaëtan , Joannidès Robinson , Bellien Jérémy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis pathophysiological study addressed the hypothesis that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), contributes to conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.Methods and resultsRadial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation in response to hand skin heating was reduced in essential hypertensive patients (n = 9) and type 2 diabetic subjects with (n = 19) or without hypertension (n = 10) compared to healthy subjects (n = 36), taking into consideration cardiovascular risk factors, flow stimulus and endothelium-independent dilatation to glyceryl trinitrate. Diabetic patients but not non-diabetic hypertensive subjects displayed elevated whole blood reactive oxygen species levels and loss of NO release during heating, assessed by measuring local plasma nitrite variation. Moreover, plasma levels of EET regioisomers increased during heating in healthy subjects, did not change in hypertensive patients and decreased in diabetic patients. Correlation analysis showed in the overall population that the less NO and EETs bioavailability increases during heating, the more flow-mediated dilatation is reduced. The expression and activity of sEH, measured in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, was elevated in diabetic but not hypertensive patients, leading to increased EETs conversion to DHETs. Finally, hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps induced a decrease in flow-mediated dilatation in healthy subjects and this was associated with an altered EETs release during heating.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that an increased EETs degradation by sEH and altered NO bioavailability are associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients independently from their hypertensive status. The hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic state in these patients may contribute to these alterations.Trial registrationNCT02311075. Registered December 8, 2014.
Where do we stand? The availability and efficacy of diabetes related foot health programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review
Authors: Chuter Vivienne , West Matthew , Hawke Fiona , Searle Angela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal and Torres Islander Australians experience considerably higher rates of diabetes and diabetes related foot complications and amputations than non‐Indigenous Australians. Therefore there is a need to identify aspects of Aboriginal and Torres Islander focussed foot health programs that have had successful outcomes in reducing diabetes related foot complications. Wider knowledge and implementation of these programs may help reduce the high burden of diabetes related foot disease experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Islander Australians.MethodsPubMeD, Informit Indigenous collection, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources were searched to 28th August 2018. We included any published reports or studies of stand‐alone diabetes related foot care interventions, programs, services, educational resources or assessment of these interventions, designed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.ResultsThirteen studies detailing interventions in the Northern Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia met the inclusion criteria. Five reports described delivery of podiatry services while the other eight investigated educational and training programs. Half of the reports related to aspects of the Indigenous Diabetic Foot program which provides culturally appropriate foot education and training workshops for health care providers. One article reported quantitative data related to clinical patient outcome measures.ConclusionsNo state‐ or nation‐wide foot health programs for prevention of diabetes related foot complications in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians were identified. One program achieved high adherence to the national guidelines regarding timing of podiatry review treatments through use of an evidence based foot risk classification tool and provision of services in a culturally appropriate centre.
Changes in treatment status of patients with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994–2015
Authors: Ran Mao-Sheng , Weng Xue , Liu Yu-Jun , Zhang Tian-Ming , Yu Yue-Hui , Peng Man-Man , Luo Wei , Hu Shi-Hui , Yang Xin , Liu Bo , Zhang Tin , Thornicroft Graham , Chan Cecilia Lai-Wan , Xiang Meng-Ze 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAlthough it is crucial to improve the treatment status of people with severe mental illness (SMI), it is still unknown whether and how socioeconomic development influences their treatment status.AimsTo explore the change in treatment status in people with SMI from 1994 to 2015 in rural China and to examine the factors influencing treatment status in those with SMI.MethodTwo mental health surveys using identical methods and ICD-10 were conducted in 1994 and 2015 (population ≥15 years old, n = 152 776) in the same six townships of Xinjin County, Chengdu, China.ResultsCompared with 1994, individuals with SMI in 2015 had significantly higher rates of poor family economic status, fewer family caregivers, longer duration of illness, later age at first onset and poor mental status. Participants in 2015 had significantly higher rates of never being treated, taking antipsychotic drugs and ever being admitted to hospital, and lower rates of using traditional Chinese medicine or being treated by traditional/spiritual healers. The factors strongly associated with never being treated included worse mental status (symptoms/social functioning), older age, having no family caregivers and poor family economic status.ConclusionsSocioeconomic development influences the treatment status of people with SMI in contemporary rural China. Relative poverty, having no family caregivers and older age are important factors associated with a worse treatment status. Culture-specific, community-based interventions and targeted poverty-alleviation programmes should be developed to improve the early identification, treatment and recovery of individuals with SMI in rural China.Declaration of interestNone.
Deleterious Germline Mutations Are a Risk Factor for Neoplastic Progression Among High-Risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Surveillance
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Blackford Amanda L. , Tamura Koji , Ford Madeline , McCormick Patrick , Chuidian Miguel , Almario Jose Alejandro , Borges Michael , Lennon Anne Marie , Shin Eun Ji , Klein Alison P. , Hruban Ralph H. , Canto Marcia I. , Goggins Michael 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE To compare the risk of neoplastic progression by germline mutation status versus family history without a known germline mutation (familial risk) among individuals with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer who are undergoing surveillance. METHODS Of 464 high-risk individuals in the Cancer of the Pancreas Screening program at Johns Hopkins Hospital who were undergoing pancreatic surveillance, 119 had a known deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene; 345 met family history criteria for pancreatic surveillance but were not known to harbor a germline mutation. We used next-generation sequencing to identify previously unrecognized germline mutations among these 345 individuals. We compared the development of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or clinically worrisome features, adjusting for competing mortality, among all germline mutation carriers with the risk of progression in a cohort without a known germline mutation. RESULTS Fifteen (4.3%) of 345 individuals classified as having familial risk had a previously unrecognized pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene mutation (nine that involved ATM, two BRCA2, one BRCA1, one PALB2, one TP53, and one CPA1). The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or worrisome features on pancreatic imaging was significantly higher in the germline mutation risk group (n = 134) than in the familial risk group (n = 330 [for pancreatic cancer, hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.18; P = .05]). CONCLUSION The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer is significantly higher among individuals with an identifiable deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene than it is among individuals with a strong family history but no identified mutation. Gene testing of individuals who meet criteria for pancreatic surveillance on the basis of their family history may better define those most at risk for neoplastic progression.
Continuous Versus Bolus Infusion of Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Symptomatic Hyponatremia Caused by SIAD
Authors: Garrahy Aoife , Dineen Rosemary , Hannon Anne Marie , Cuesta Martin , Tormey William , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Chris J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute hyponatremia is a medical emergency that confers high mortality, attributed primarily to cerebral edema. Expert guidelines advocate the use of intravenous boluses of hypertonic saline rather than traditional continuous infusion to achieve a faster initial rise in plasma sodium (pNa) concentration. However, there is a limited evidence base for this recommended policy change.

Methods
We prospectively assessed the clinical and biochemical outcomes in patients treated for symptomatic hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in response to intravenous bolus treatment with 3% saline (100 mL, repeated up to two more times) and compared the outcomes to retrospective data from patients treated with continuous intravenous infusion of low-dose (20 mL/h) 3% saline.

Results
Twenty-two patients were treated with bolus infusion and 28 with continuous infusion. Three percent saline bolus caused more rapid elevation of pNa at 6 hours [median (range) 6 (2 to11) vs 3 (1 to 4) mmol/L, P < 0.0001], with a concomitant improvement in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [median (range) 3 (1 to 6) vs 1 (−2 to 2), P < 0.0001] at 6 hours. Median pNa concentration was similar at 24 hours in the two treatment groups. The administration of a third saline bolus was associated with greater need for dextrose/dDAVP to prevent overcorrection (OR 24; P = 0.006). There were no cases of osmotic demyelination in either group.

Conclusion
Three percent saline bolus produces faster initial elevation of pNa than continuous infusion with quicker restoration of GCS, and without osmotic demyelination. Frequent electrolyte monitoring, and judicious intervention with dDAVP is required to prevent overcorrection with bolus therapy.
Message in a vesicle – trans-kingdom intercommunication at the vector–host interface
Authors: Chávez Adela S. Oliva , O'Neal Anya J. , Santambrogio Laura , Kotsyfakis Michail , Pedra Joao H. F. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector–host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.
Recent Developments in Molecular Spin Gyroid Research
Authors: Mizuno Asato , Shuku Yoshiaki , Awaga Kunio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Gyroid is a type of 3D periodic structure that is ubiquitous in nature on scales ranging from macro to micro, and is attracting much attention in various research fields such as geometry, physics, chemistry, biology and even architecture. Along with honeycomb and diamond structures, gyroid is one of the three structures mathematically recognized as having a strong isotropic property. Microscopic gyroidal materials with magnetic spin centers, known as molecular spin gyroids, have been investigated for more than twenty years, but the peculiar electronic and magnetic properties arising from their exotic structures are still poorly understood, in contrast to extensively studied microscopic honeycomb materials such as graphene. In this review, we describe the geometrical and physical aspects of gyroids, and introduce various microscopic gyroidal materials in accordance with a classification of the interactions that constitute the gyroidal structures. Then, we report our recent investigations on a molecular spin gyroid formed by a polyhedral organic π-conjugated molecule. A unique 3D spin frustration forming a spin liquid state is also discussed.
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR DELIVERY OF SPECIALIZED MEDICAL CARE TO VICTIMS WITH ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY IN A MODERN METROPOLIS
Authors: Dulaev A. K. , Manukovskiy V. A. , Kutyanov D. I. , Iskrovskiy S. V. , Brizhan S. L. , Zhelnov P. V. , Dulaeva N. M. 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To perform comparative assessment and identification of determinants of efficiency of the centralized system for delivery of specialized medical care to victims with acute spinal cord injury in the modern metropolis.Material and Methods.The results of specialized medical care delivered to 2283 victims with acute spinal cord injuries were studied. The comparison group (decentralized system: treatment in several multidisciplinary hospitals in St. Petersburg) included 306 patients, and study group (centralized system: treatment in a specialized urban center for emergency spinal surgery) – 1977. Comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment included 44 patients from comparison group and 223 patients from the study group (p> 0.05). The methods of non-parametric statistics were used.Results.The centralized treatment system is characterized by a statistically significant increase in the rate of surgical activity, a manifold increase in the proportion of emergency spinal surgery (p < 0.01) and the mandatory use of modern technologies for surgical stabilization of the spine, shortening the hospital stay, as well as higher values of all indicators characterizing the results of treatment (p < 0.01).Conclusion.In a large city, the centralized system of treating victims with spinal cord injury is characterized by more efficient use of urban health resources and better treatment outcomes. The key to its successful creation and subsequent operation, in addition to the centralization of medical care with the reasonable formation and distribution of the incoming patient flow, adequate logistic support for the treatment process and the presence of highly qualified medical personnel, is the availability of modern surgical technologies in delivering specialized emergency care.