bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability analysis
Authors: Klein-Júnior Celso Afonso , Zimmer Roberto , Hentschke Guilherme Scotta , Machado Denise Cantarelli , dos Santos Rubem Beraldo , Reston Eduardo Galia 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess, in vitro, the influence on cytotoxicity of heat treatment applied before photopolymerization, while mixing three self-adhesive resin cements, in an NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell culture, based on cell viability measures. Methods: Samples were divided into three groups: (1) no heat treatment while mixing (control), (2) 37°C, and (3) 60°C heat treatment while mixing. Cements were light-cured immediately after mixing and immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media for the extraction of possibly uncured products after 24 h and 7 days. Cultures contained 0.5 mL of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts per well at a concentration of 0.4 × 105 cells/mL and specific extracts for each sample. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls (significance of 5%). Results: Cement cytotoxicity increased with time, as shown by the higher values observed at 7 days. There was a slight difference in intragroup cytotoxicity levels between 24 h and 7 days. Heat treatment at 60°C was associated with a major decrease in cytotoxicity levels in all three groups, both at 24 h and at 7 days, with no differences among the cements. Conclusions: Heat treatment at 60°C should be considered as a strategy to reduce cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements, as evidenced by the results observed at 24 h and 7 days of analysis.
In vitro evaluation of microbial adhesion on the different surface roughness of acrylic resin specific for ocular prosthesis
Authors: Andreotti Agda Marobo , Sousa Cecília Alves De , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas da , Duque Cristiane , Moreno Amália , Santoso Daniela Micheline Dos 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface roughness in biofilm formation of four microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans) on acrylic resin surface of ocular prostheses. Materials and Methods: Acrylic resin samples were divided into six groups according to polishing: Group 1200S (1200 grit + silica solution); Group 1200; Group 800; Group 400; Group 120 and Group unpolished. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer and surface images obtained with atomic force microscopy. Microbial growth was evaluated after 4, 24, and 48 hours of incubation by counting colony-forming units. Statistical Analysis Used: For roughness, it was performed 1-way ANOVA and parametric Tukey test α5% (P ≤ 0.05). For CFU data found, it was applied Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Group 120 and 400 presented the highest roughness values. For S. epidermidis and S. aureus, Group 1200S presented the lowest values of microbial growth. For E. faecalis at 4 hour, microbial growth was not observed. C. albicans did not adhere to the acrylic resin. Except for Group 1200S, different surface roughnesses did not statistically interfere with microbial adhesion and growth on acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses. Conclusions: The roughness did not interfere with the microbial adhesion of the microorganisms evaluated. The use of silica decreases significantly microbial growth.
An investigation of fracture toughness and dynamic mechanical analysis of polymer nano-composites
Authors: Raju G.U. , Rajeswari C.G. , Balannavar R. , Kodancha K.G. 
Published: June 2018

The study deals with development of a new composite material with an objective to increase the mechanical and thermal properties. The proposed work involves the preparation of novel polymer based composite material reinforced with cenosphere and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and to investigate fracture toughness and dynamic mechanical properties. MWCNTs have high tensile strength which contributes to increase in strength of composite as well as the load transfer capability. The 20 weight % of cenosphere and upto 0.5wt% of MWCNTs are used for the study. Dynamic mechanical analysis and fracture toughness tests of the composite were carried out. It was found that fracture toughness of the sample with 0.2 wt% MWCNT increased by 12% than the epoxy cenosphere composite. The results obtained by experimental test are compared with the simulation results. Thermal properties obtained by DMA have shown better thermal stability. The SEM analysis was carried out to study the interfacial bonding between the fiber-matrix and also to substantiate the fracture toughness result.Keywords: MWCNT, Cenosphere, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Fracture toughness
Agri-Food and Rural Development
Authors: Marsden Terry 
Published: June 2018

The agri-food and rural development world has experienced significant changes in recent years. The evolution towards globalized and highly complex food supply systems has been accompanied by growing competition, reduced state subsidies as well as concerns about quality, output and the environment. At the beginning of the 21st century, the agri-food industry is urgently searching for new solutions.
Exploring these recent developments, Agri-Food and Rural Development highlights the latest research on understanding and promoting sustainable food systems. Featuring a range of international case studies, it investigates different models of rural development for food production, examines the implications for a sustainable future, analyzes future challenges, and suggests new strategies for future agri-food development in a world fast exceeding its resources.
An ambitious new study written by a leading authority in the field, this book offers a vital new perspective on this important debate and is destined to become a landmark text for students, scholars and policy-makers in food studies, agriculture, rural sociology, and geography.
The Agency of Eating
Authors: Abbots Emma-Jayne 
Published: June 2018

Deciding what to eat and how to eat it are two of the most basic acts of everyday life. Yet every choice also implies a value judgement: ‘good’ foods versus ‘bad’, ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ ways of eating, and ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ bodies. These food decisions are influenced by a range of social, political and economic bioauthorities, and mediated through the individual ‘eating body’. This book is unique in the cultural politics of food in its exploration of a range of such bioauthorities and in its examination of the interplay between them and the individual eating body. No matter whether they are accepted or resisted, our eating practices and preferences are shaped by, and shape, these agencies.
Abbots places the body, materiality and the non-human at the heart of her analysis, interrogating not only how the individual’s embodied eating practices incorporate and reject the bioauthorities of food, but also how such authorities are created by the individual act of eating. Drawing on ethnographic case studies from across the globe, The Agency of Eating provides an important analysis of the power dynamics at play in the contemporary food system and the ways in which agency is expressed and bounded. This book will be of great benefit to any reader with an interest in food studies, anthropology, sociology and human geography.
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Food and Popular Culture
Authors: LeBesco Kathleen , Naccarato Peter 
Published: June 2018

The influence of food has grown rapidly as it has become more and more intertwined with popular culture in recent decades. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Food and Popular Culture offers an authoritative, comprehensive overview of and introduction to this growing field of research. Bringing together over 20 original essays from leading experts, including Amy Bentley, Deborah Lupton, Fabio Parasecoli, and Isabelle de Solier, its impressive breadth and depth serves to define the field of food and popular culture.
Divided into four parts, the book covers:
- Media and Communication; including film, television, print media, the Internet, and emerging media
- Material Cultures of Eating; including eating across the lifespan, home cooking, food retail, restaurants, and street food
- Aesthetics of Food; including urban landscapes, museums, visual and performance arts
- Socio-Political Considerations; including popular discourses around food science, waste, nutrition, ethical eating, and food advocacy
Each chapter outlines key theories and existing areas of research whilst providing historical context and considering possible future developments. The Editors' Introduction by Kathleen LeBesco and Peter Naccarato, ensures cohesion and accessibility throughout.
A truly interdisciplinary, ground-breaking resource, this book makes an invaluable contribution to the study of food and popular culture. It will be an essential reference work for students, researchers and scholars in food studies, film and media studies, communication studies, sociology, cultural studies, and American studies.
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015–2050)
Authors: Venkataraman Chandra , Brauer Michael , Tibrewal Kushal , Sadavarte Pankaj , Ma Qiao , Cohen Aaron , Chaliyakunnel Sreelekha , Frostad Joseph , Klimont Zbigniew , Martin Randall V. , Millet Dylan B. , Philip Sajeev , Walker Katherine , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015–2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of individual source sectors on PM2.5 concentrations were assessed through systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that PM2.5 pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM2.5 annual standard (40 µg m−3). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM2.5 in India. About 60 % of India's mean population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from other sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other contributors to PM2.5. Future evolution of emissions under regulations set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in PM2.5 levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from (i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline.
Two drastically different climate states on an Earth-like terra-planet
Authors: Kalidindi Sirisha , Reick Christian H. , Raddatz Thomas , Claussen Martin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We study an Earth-like terra-planet (water-limited terrestrial planet) with
an overland recycling mechanism bringing fresh water back from the high
latitudes to the low latitudes. By performing model simulations for such a
planet we find two drastically different climate states for the same set of
boundary conditions and parameter values: a cold and wet (CW) state with
dominant low-latitude precipitation and a hot and dry (HD) state with only
high-latitude precipitation. We notice that for perpetual equinox conditions,
both climate states are stable below a certain threshold value of background
soil albedo while above the threshold only the CW state is stable. Starting
from the HD state and increasing background soil albedo above the threshold
causes an abrupt shift from the HD state to the CW state resulting in a
sudden cooling of about 35 ∘C globally, which is of the order of the
temperature difference between present day and the Snowball Earth state.
When albedo starting from the CW state is reduced down to zero the
terra-planet does not shift back to the HD state (no closed hysteresis). This
is due to the high cloud cover in the CW state hiding the surface from solar
irradiation so that surface albedo has only a minor effect on the top of the
atmosphere radiation balance. Additional simulations with present-day Earth's
obliquity all lead to the CW state, suggesting a similar abrupt transition
from the HD state to the CW state when increasing obliquity from zero. Our
study also has implications for the habitability of Earth-like terra-planets.
At the inner edge of the habitable zone, the higher cloud cover in the CW
state cools the planet and may prevent the onset of a runaway greenhouse
state. At the outer edge, the resupply of water at low latitudes stabilizes
the greenhouse effect and keeps the planet in the HD state and may prevent
water from getting trapped at high latitudes in frozen form. Overall, the
existence of bistability in the presence of an overland recycling mechanism
hints at the possibility of a wider habitable zone for Earth-like
terra-planets at low obliquities.
Multivariate bias adjustment of high-dimensional climate simulations: the Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences (R2D2) bias correction
Authors: Vrac Mathieu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Climate simulations often suffer from statistical biases with respect to observations or reanalyses. It is therefore common to correct (or adjust) those simulations before using them as inputs into impact models. However, most bias correction (BC) methods are univariate and so do not account for the statistical dependences linking the different locations and/or physical variables of interest. In addition, they are often deterministic, and stochasticity is frequently needed to investigate climate uncertainty and to add constrained randomness to climate simulations that do not possess a realistic variability. This study presents a multivariate method of rank resampling for distributions and dependences (R2D2) bias correction allowing one to adjust not only the univariate distributions but also their inter-variable and inter-site dependence structures. Moreover, the proposed R2D2 method provides some stochasticity since it can generate as many multivariate corrected outputs as the number of statistical dimensions (i.e., number of grid cell  ×  number of climate variables) of the simulations to be corrected. It is based on an assumption of stability in time of the dependence structure – making it possible to deal with a high number of statistical dimensions – that lets the climate model drive the temporal properties and their changes in time. R2D2 is applied on temperature and precipitation reanalysis time series with respect to high-resolution reference data over the southeast of France (1506 grid cell). Bivariate, 1506-dimensional and 3012-dimensional versions of R2D2 are tested over a historical period and compared to a univariate BC. How the different BC methods behave in a climate change context is also illustrated with an application to regional climate simulations over the 2071–2100 period. The results indicate that the 1d-BC basically reproduces the climate model multivariate properties, 2d-R2D2 is only satisfying in the inter-variable context, 1506d-R2D2 strongly improves inter-site properties and 3012d-R2D2 is able to account for both. Applications of the proposed R2D2 method to various climate datasets are relevant for many impact studies. The perspectives of improvements are numerous, such as introducing stochasticity in the dependence itself, questioning its stability assumption, and accounting for temporal properties adjustment while including more physics in the adjustment procedures.
Transport variability of the Brazil Current from observations and a data assimilation model
Authors: Schmid Claudia , Majumder Sudip 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Brazil Current transports from observations and the Hybrid Coordinate
Model (HYCOM) model are analyzed to improve our understanding of the
current's structure and variability. A time series of the observed transport is derived
from a three-dimensional field of the velocity in the South Atlantic covering
the years 1993 to 2015 (hereinafter called Argo &amp; SSH). The mean transports
of the Brazil Current increases from 3.8 ± 2.2 Sv (1 Sv is
106 m3 s−1) at 25∘ S to 13.9 ± 2.6 Sv at
32∘ S, which corresponds to a mean slope of 1.4 ± 0.4 Sv per
degree. Transport estimates derived from HYCOM fields are somewhat higher
(5.2 ± 2.7 and 18.7 ± 7.1 Sv at 25 and 32∘ S,
respectively) than those from Argo &amp; SSH, but these differences are small
when compared with the standard deviations. Overall, the observed latitude
dependence of the transport of the Brazil Current is in agreement with the
wind-driven circulation in the super gyre of the subtropical South Atlantic.
A mean annual cycle with highest (lowest) transports in austral summer
(winter) is found to exist at selected latitudes (24, 35, and 38∘ S).
The significance of this signal shrinks with increasing latitude (both in
Argo &amp; SSH and HYCOM), mainly due to mesoscale and interannual variability.
Both Argo &amp; SSH, as well as HYCOM, reveal interannual variability at 24 and
35∘ S that results in relatively large power at periods of 2 years
or more in wavelet spectra. It is found that the interannual variability at
24∘ S is correlated with the South Atlantic Subtropical Dipole
Mode (SASD), the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and the Niño 3.4 index.
Similarly, correlations between SAM and the Brazil Current transport are also
found at 35∘ S. Further investigation of the variability reveals
that the first and second mode of a coupled empirical orthogonal function of
the meridional transport and the sea level pressure explain 36 and 15 % of
the covariance, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that SAM, SASD,
and El Niño–Southern Oscillation have an influence on the transport of
the Brazil Current.
An 84-year-old man with lower extremity bullae
Authors: Dittman Katherine , Williams Christopher Jake , Rohan Craig 
Published: June 2018

Deep vein thromboses (DVT) are often associated with post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and long term side effects such as chronic venous insufficiency or venous stasis ulcers, but these symptoms typically develop months-to-years after presentation of the DVT. Here, we report a case of severe lower extremity bullae and ulcers one week after diagnosis and treatment of DVT.
­Chemical profiling and biological activity of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth
Authors: Al-Madhagi Wafa M. , Mohd Hashim Najihah , Awad Ali Nasser A. , Alhadi Abeer A. , Abdul Halim Siti Nadiah , Othman Rozana 
Published: June 2018

Background
Peperomia belongs to the family of Piperaceae. It has different uses in folk medicine and contains rare compounds that have led to increased interest in this genus. Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth is used as an injury disinfectant by Yemeni people. In addition, the majority of Yemen’s population still depend on the traditional remedy for serious diseases such as cancer, inflammation and infection. Currently, there is a deficiency of scientific evidence with regards to the medicinal plants from Yemen. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the chemical profile and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of P. blanda.

Methods
Chemical profiling of P. blanda was carried out using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) followed by isolation of bioactive compounds by column chromatography. DPPH• and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity and the MTT assay was performed to estimate the cytotoxicity activity against three cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, HL-60 and WEHI-3, and three normal cell lines, MCF10A, WRL-68 and HDFa.

Results
X-ray crystallographic data for peperomin A is reported for the first time here and N,N′-diphenethyloxamide was isolated for the first time from Peperomia blanda. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts showed high radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 36.81 ± 0.09 µg/mL, followed by the dichloromethane extract at 61.78 ± 0.02 µg/mL, whereas the weak ferric reducing activity of P. blanda extracts ranging from 162.2 ± 0.80 to 381.5 ± 1.31 µg/mL were recorded. In addition, petroleum ether crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 9.54 ± 0.30, 4.30 ± 0.90 and 5.39 ± 0.34 µg/mL, respectively. Peperomin A and the isolated mixture of phytosterol (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and WE-HI cell lines with an IC50 of (5.58 ± 0.47, 4.62 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and (8.94 ± 0.05, 9.84 ± 0.61 µg/mL), respectively, compared to a standard drug, taxol, that has IC50 values of 3.56 ± 0.34 and 1.90 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion
The activities of P. blanda extracts and isolated compounds recorded in this study underlines the potential that makes this plant a valuable source for further study on anticancer and antioxidant activities.
Nanoparticles of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: On the Road to In Vivo Efficacy in Biomedicine
Authors: Simon‐Yarza Teresa , Mielcarek Angelika , Couvreur Patrick , Serre Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the past few years, numerous studies have demonstrated the great potential of nano particles of metal‐organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) at the preclinical level for biomedical applications. Many of them were reported very recently based on their bioactive composition, anticancer application, or from a general drug delivery/theranostic perspective. In this review, the authors aim at providing a global view of the studies that evaluated MOFs' biomedical applications at the preclinical stage, when in vivo tests are described either for pharmacological applications or for toxicity evaluation. The authors first describe the current surface engineering approaches that are crucial to understand the in vivo behavior of the nanoMOFs. Finally, after a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the in vivo studies reported with MOFs so far, and considering the general evolution of the drug delivery science, the authors suggest new directions for future research in the use of nanoMOFs for biomedical applications.