bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of knisley’s mathematical model on gender’s mathematical critical thinking ability
Authors: Sari V T A , Nurfauziah P 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of Knisley’s mathematical model on students’ mathematical critical thinking skills based on gender. The research sample consisted of two classes in class 2018 in one of the PTS Cimahi. The research instrument was a test of mathematical critical thinking skills. The analysis technique uses ANAVA with IBM SPSS Statistics 24 application. Overall the results of this study are that there is no interaction seen between the learning model carried out with gender differences because there is still a mismatch between the interactions obtained by the significance value and the general average, especially those which indicate the average mathematical thinking ability of male students men who use the Knisley mathematical model are lower than male students who use the normal learning model and the average mathematical thinking ability of male students who use Knisley’s mathematical model is lower than female students.
Analysis of Equilibrium Pre-service Teacher Trough Valsiner Zone Learning
Authors: Madawistama Sri Tirto , Herman T , Turmudi  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to thoroughly investigate how the equilibrium of pre-service teacher in the probability theory course through learning based on Valsiner theory. The method used is descriptive qualitative by taking as many as one experimental class as a sample to be traced. It was concluded that through observations and short interviews it could be shown that in the first and second meetings, students were still experiencing cognitive conflict so that there was no equilibirium in students. then at the third, fourth meeting and the next meeting students have shown a positive response so that a balance or equilibrium can be seen from each student representative’s response through the given teaching material and also through inter-group discussions between groups so that there is uniformity of knowledge and no longer heterogeneous
Multiple representations in semiotic reasoning
Authors: Suryaningrum C W , Ningtyas Y D W K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Representations play an essential role in solving mathematical problems. By using representations, problems that initially seem difficult and complicated can be seen more easily and simply. Semiotics is simply defined as the sign-using to represent a mathematical concept in a problem-solving. In Peirce’s theory, semiotic consists of three aspects, namely sign, object, and interpretant. Semiotic reasoning is a process of deducing a conclusion based on the object, sign (representamen), and students interpretation in interpreting the meaning of the sign (interpretant). This paper aims to identify students’ mathematical representations of semiotics reasoning in solving fraction problems. This study employed a qualitative approach and used an explorative descriptive type. The participants of the present study were three third grade students. The results show that the first participant used verbal, visual, and symbolic representation. The emerging visual representation was an image. The second participant solved problems by using verbal and visual representations. The visual representation that appears was a diagram. While, the third participant solved problems by using verbal, visual, and symbolic representations. The emerging visual representations were image and diagram. The conclusion is the participants used multiple representations, namely visual, verbal, and symbolic representations in solving problems.
An analysis to student error of algebraic problem solving based on polya and newman theory
Authors: Son A L , Darhim  , Fatimah S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aims to reveal student algebraic problem-solving errors based on Polya and Newman hierarchical indicator. The subject was a study of 30 students of grade VII in one of the junior high school located in the Timor Tengah Utara, NTT, Indonesian, 2018/2019 period. Process of collecting data used tests and interviews. The result of the student problem-solving ability test was grouped into three parts, namely 5 of the student in the low category, 20 of the student in the medium category, and 5 of students in the high category. The result of the analysis based on Polya indicator indicated that a group of low students made an error on all indicators. The medium of category students made an error in carrying out the plan and looking back. For those in the high category, they make an error in looking back indicator. While the result of the analysis was based on Newman hierarchical indicator that a group of low students made an error ranging from comprehension to encoding. Group medium student makes an error in the process skill and encoding process. For those in the high category, they tend to make an error at the encoding indicator.
Gender reviewed mathematical intuition at 7th grade students through open-ended based-inquiry learning
Authors: Yuni Y , Alghadari F , Wulandari A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to examine the differences in students’ mathematical intuition abilities. Gender was utilized to see the difference through Open-ended Inquiry-Based Learning. The design of this study was a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Experiment. The subject of this study was 156 seventh graders of two Islamic State Junior High Schools in Bekasi, comprising of 77 male and 79 female students. The instrument in this study used 5-item essay with 4 indicators of intuition (globalist, self-evidence, power of synthesis, immediate). SPSS was used to analyze the data. The result of this study showed p-value > α (0.174 > 0.05). That means there was no difference in mathematical intuition ability between male and female students.
Promoting understanding ability of semigroup concept through learning model of concept attainment
Authors: Yumiati  , Haji Saleh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to improve the ability of the understanding of semigroup concept through Concept Attainment Model. The method of this study is quasi experiment. The design of this study is using one group pre-test & post-test design. Sample of the study is 34 students of mathematics pre-service teacher at Abstract Algebra course. Instrument used in this study is a test about semigroup concept which contain 4 items. Data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. This study found that the improvement of students’ ability of the understanding of semigroup concept was 0.68, (medium category) and the achievement of of the concept understanding ability of semigroup was 75.44 (high category). Thus, concept attainment learning model was effective in developing the ability of the understanding of the students about semigroup concept.
Self-reading femtogram microbalance for highly sensitive airborne nanoparticle detection
Authors: Bertke M , Xu J , Setiono A , Hamdana G , Wasisto H S , Peiner E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a self-reading miniaturized cantilever design for highly sensitive airborne nanoparticle (NP) detection is presented. The cantilever, which is operated in the fundamental in-plane resonance mode, is used as a microbalance with femtogram resolution. For maximum sensitivity and read-out signal amplitude, the geometric parameters of the sensor design were optimized by finite-element modelling (FEM). Piezo-resistive struts at both sides of the cantilever are employed for a Wheatstone half-bridge. This allows the electrical read-out of the phase information of a resonant cantilever of minimum mass. For electrostatic NP collection, the cantilever has a negative-biased electrode located at its free end. Moreover, μ-channels for guiding a particle-laden air flow and a counter-electrode around the cantilever tip are integrated. The presented airborne NP sensor is expected to demonstrate significant improvements in the field of handheld, MEMS-based NP monitoring devices.
In situ electrical characterization of YxTiy getter thin films during thermal activation
Authors: Bessouet C , Lemettre S , Bosseboeuf A , Coste P , Renard Ch , Lecoq H , Sauvage T , Moulin J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Transition metals alloys are the most studied getter films for wafer-level vacuum packaging of MEMS. In this work we investigated yttrium and YxTiy alloys films that could possibly overcome the limitations of usual getter materials, i.e. reversible sorption of hydrogen and low sorption ability for hydrocarbon gases. As a preliminary step towards this objective, properties of (co-)evaporated yttrium and YxTiy films were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XPS and in-situ sheet resistance measurements before, after and/or during annealing in vacuum. As deposited and annealed films have a small grain size and a columnar structure. It is shown that yttrium and YxTiy films can be activated after 1 hour of annealing in vacuum at 250 °C if the Y-content is larger than ∼9 %. These results are promising for the use of Y-based films as low temperature getters for vacuum packaging.
Radiation hardness investigation of heterojunction solar cell structures with TCO antireflection films
Authors: Huran J , Boháček P , Perný M , Mikolášek M , Skuratov V A , Kobzev A P , Šály V , Arbet J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Phosphorus doped silicon carbide film as emitter in heterojunction structure was deposited on p-type Si(100) wafers at various deposition conditions by means of PECVD technology using silane (SiH4), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and phosphine (PH3, 2 vol.% in H2) gas as precursors. ITO or IZO film was RF magnetron sputtered on top of the different P doped a-SiC:H(n) film. Irradiation of structures with Xe ions to total fluency 5×1011 cm−2 was performed at room temperature. Influence of phosphorus concentration and type of transparent conducting oxide was investigated. A deeper insight on the impact of irradiation on the electrophysical properties of sample was obtained by the analysis of complex impedance spectra.
Regional, seasonal, and inter-annual variations of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic temperature anomalies related to the Mansurov effect
Authors: Freeman Mervyn P , Lam Mai Mai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We use National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data to show that Antarctic surface air temperature anomalies result from differences in the daily-mean duskward component, B

y
, of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We find the statistically-significant anomalies have strong geographical, seasonal, and inter-annual variations. For the interval 1999–2002, regional anomalies poleward of 60°S are of diminishing representative peak amplitude from autumn (3.2 °C) to winter (2.4 °C) to spring (1.6 °C) to summer (0.9 °C). Exploiting apparently simplifying properties in the sub-Antarctic region in autumn 1999–2002, we demonstrate that temperature anomalies in this case are due to geostrophic wind anomalies, resulting from the same B

y
changes, moving air across large meridional gradients in zonal mean air temperature between 50 and 70°S over the 7-hour timescale for which a change in B

y
can be expected to persist. Since the tropospheric pressure anomalies causing these winds have been associated with B

y
-driven anomalies in the electric potential of the ionosphere, we conclude that IMF-induced changes to the global atmospheric electric circuit can cause day-to-day changes in regional surface air temperature of up to several degrees Centigrade.
Testing General Versus Specific Behavioral Focus in Messaging for the Promotion of Sun Protection Behaviors
Authors: Bleakley Amy , Jordan Amy B , Strasser Andrew A , Lazovich Deann , Glanz Karen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Recommendations for skin cancer prevention include behaviors such as using sunscreen, seeking shade, and wearing a shirt with sleeves, but the best way to persuasively communicate this information to the public is not clear.

Purpose
To test whether a messaging strategy using videos that focus on one specific behavior at a time versus a more general or multibehavior sun protection message is effective at changing attitudinal beliefs and intention with regard to sun protection behaviors.

Methods
Online experiment among non-Hispanic white 18–49 year old adults in the USA. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, each one with health messages on a different sun protection prevention behavior: “using sunscreen” (Condition 1, n = 259), “seeking shade” (Condition 2, n = 245), or “covering up” (Condition 3, n = 289). Condition 4 (the control, n = 251) is a multibehavior message that equally promotes sunscreen, seeking shade, and covering up and features a general message on sun safety.

Results
ANOVA and path analysis results suggest that messages which emphasize a single sun protection behavior compared with general sun safety messaging could potentially be a promising approach. The effectiveness of the videos in influencing attitudinal beliefs varied by behavior, with some gender and age moderation. There was an indirect effect on intention to use sunscreen.

Conclusions
This study advances our understanding of strategies for skin cancer prevention campaigns. Specifically, it suggests that focusing on a single sun protection behavior with targeted beliefs may be valuable as a first step in encouraging sun safety.
Developing a Psychological–Behavioral Intervention in Cardiac Patients Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy: Lessons Learned From the Field
Authors: Huffman Jeff C , Millstein Rachel A , Celano Christopher M , Healy Brian C , Park Elyse R , Collins Linda M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) is an approach to systematically and efficiently developing a behavioral intervention using a sequence of experiments to prepare and optimize the intervention.

Purpose
Using a 6 year MOST-based behavioral intervention development project as an example, we outline the results—and resulting decision-making process—related to experiments at each step to display the practical challenges present at each stage.

Methods
To develop a positive psychology (PP) based intervention to promote physical activity after an acute coronary syndrome (N = 255 across four phases), we utilized qualitative, proof-of-concept, factorial design, and randomized pilot experiments, with iterative modification of intervention content and delivery.

Results
Through this multiphase approach, we ultimately developed a 12 week, phone-delivered, combined PP-motivational interviewing intervention to promote physical activity. Across stages, we learned several important lessons: (a) participant and interventionist feedback is important, even in later optimization stages; (b) a thoughtful and systematic approach using all information sources is required when conflicting results in experiments make next steps unclear; and (3) new approaches in the field over a multiyear project should be integrated into the development process.

Conclusions
A MOST-based behavioral intervention development program can be efficient and effective in developing optimized new interventions, and it may require complex and nuanced decision-making at each phase.
Morbidity and mortality among older people admitted to nursing home
Authors: Reilev Mette , Lundby Carina , Jensen John , Larsen Søren Post , Hoffmann Helene , Pottegård Anton 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
the increasing number of multimorbid older people places high demands on future health care systems. To inform the discussion on how to structure future care strategies, we aimed to describe the temporal relationship between admission, and morbidity and mortality in nursing home residents.

Methods
data on 5,179 older individuals admitted to 94 Danish nursing homes in 12 municipalities during 2015–2017 were linked to the nationwide Danish health registries to retrieve information on the temporal relation between nursing home admission and morbidity and mortality.

Results
at the time of nursing home admission, the majority were women (63%). Male residents were younger than women (median 82 vs 85 years) and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities (median Charlson score 2 vs 1 among women). The median survival after nursing home admission was 25.8 months, with the 3-year survival being 37%. Three-year survival was lower among men (29 vs 43% among women) and among the oldest residents (23% among those aged ≥90 years vs 64% among individuals ≤65 years). In addition to age and sex, predictors of mortality included hospitalisations prior to nursing home admission and a high burden of comorbidity. The rate of hospitalisations, primarily for reasons related to frailty, increased substantially during the 9 months prior to nursing home admission.

Conclusion
we provide detailed information on differences in morbidity and mortality across age span and sex at the time of nursing home admission, thereby contributing to the ongoing discussion of how to structure the future health care system.
Biotic interactions are the dominant drivers of phylogenetic and functional structure in bird communities along a tropical elevational gradient
Authors: Boyce Andy J , Shakya Subir , Sheldon Frederick H , Moyle Robert G , Martin Thomas E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how biotic and abiotic interactions influence community assembly and composition is a fundamental goal in community ecology. Addressing this issue is particularly tractable along elevational gradients in tropical mountains that feature substantial abiotic gradients and rates of species turnover. We examined elevational patterns of avian community structure on 2 mountains in Malaysian Borneo to assess changes in the relative strength of biotic interactions and abiotic constraints. In particular, we used metrics based on (1) phylogenetic relatedness and (2) functional traits associated with both resource acquisition and tolerance of abiotic challenges to identify patterns and causes of elevational differences in community structure. High elevation communities were composed of more phylogenetically and functionally similar species than would be expected by chance. Resource acquisition traits, in particular, were clustered at high elevations, suggesting low resource and habitat diversity were important drivers of those communities. Traits typically associated with tolerance of cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressure showed no elevational patterns. All traits were neutral or overdispersed at low elevations suggesting an absence of strong abiotic filters or an increased influence of interspecific competition. However, relative bill size, which is important for thermoregulation, was larger in low elevation communities, suggesting abiotic factors were also influential there. Regardless of metric, clustered and neutral communities were more frequent than overdispersed communities overall, implying that interspecific competition among close relatives may not be a pervasive driver of elevational distribution and community structure of tropical birds. Overall, our analyses reveal that a diverse set of predominantly biotic factors underlie elevational variation in community structure on tropical mountains.
SynQuant: an automatic tool to quantify synapses from microscopy images
Authors: Wang Yizhi , Wang Congchao , Ranefall Petter , Broussard Gerard Joey , Wang Yinxue , Shi Guilai , Lyu Boyu , Wu Chiung-Ting , Wang Yue , Tian Lin , Yu Guoqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivationSynapses are essential to neural signal transmission. Therefore, quantification of synapses and related neurites from images is vital to gain insights into the underlying pathways of brain functionality and diseases. Despite the wide availability of synaptic punctum imaging data, several issues are impeding satisfactory quantification of these structures by current tools. First, the antibodies used for labeling synapses are not perfectly specific to synapses. These antibodies may exist in neurites or other cell compartments. Second, the brightness of different neurites and synaptic puncta is heterogeneous due to the variation of antibody concentration and synapse-intrinsic differences. Third, images often have low signal to noise ratio due to constraints of experiment facilities and availability of sensitive antibodies. These issues make the detection of synapses challenging and necessitates developing a new tool to easily and accurately quantify synapses.ResultsWe present an automatic probability-principled synapse detection algorithm and integrate it into our synapse quantification tool SynQuant. Derived from the theory of order statistics, our method controls the false discovery rate and improves the power of detecting synapses. SynQuant is unsupervised, works for both 2D and 3D data, and can handle multiple staining channels. Through extensive experiments on one synthetic and three real datasets with ground truth annotation or manually labeling, SynQuant was demonstrated to outperform peer specialized unsupervised synapse detection tools as well as generic spot detection methods.Availability and implementationJava source code, Fiji plug-in, and test data are available at https://github.com/yu-lab-vt/SynQuant.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diagnosing missing always at random in multivariate data
Authors: Bojinov Iavor I , Pillai Natesh S , Rubin Donald B 
Published: October 2019

SummaryModels for analysing multivariate datasets with missing values require strong, often unassessable, assumptions. The most common of these is that the mechanism that created the missing data is ignorable, which is a two-fold assumption dependent on the mode of inference. The first part, which is the focus here, under the Bayesian and direct-likelihood paradigms requires that the missing data be missing at random; in contrast, the frequentist-likelihood paradigm demands that the missing data mechanism always produce missing at random data, a condition known as missing always at random. Under certain regularity conditions, assuming missing always at random leads to a condition that can be tested using the observed data alone, namely that the missing data indicators depend only on fully observed variables. In this note we propose three different diagnostic tests that not only indicate when this assumption is incorrect but also suggest which variables are the most likely culprits. Although missing always at random is not a necessary condition to ensure validity under the Bayesian and direct-likelihood paradigms, it is sufficient, and evidence of its violation should encourage the careful statistician to conduct targeted sensitivity analyses.
In Their Own Words: Rita Colwell
Authors: Verdier James M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields, particularly within the biological sciences. These short oral histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. Each month, we will publish in the pages of BioScience and in our podcast, BioScience Talks (http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com), the results of these conversations. This first oral history is with Dr. Rita Colwell, a distinguished environmental microbiologist and scientific administrator, who previously served as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.