bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
أثر تغير إستعماالت األرض الحضرية على المناطق الخضراءمحلتي 333 ، 333 في بغداد – حالة دراسية
Authors: Hasson Shireen Ihsan Khaza'al , Dhumad Kadhim Faris 
Published: December 2018

The role of the green areas lies in being one of the systems that plays the vital role in achieving the environmental dimension besides the socio-cultural body and the economic dimension in the hidden value of ecosystem services. However, many developing countries are characterized by a state of low community environmental awareness, which coincides with the basic need for land for housing and other uses, to take precedence over nature protection strategies. In the absence of clear planning and long-term planning strategies, all this led to abuses and violations of urban land use. In Iraq, the situation became more apparent due to the political, security and social conditions that followed the year 2003. Hence, the research problem of the phenomenon of excesses on the use of green land in the Iraqi cities in general and Baghdad in particular, which led to many bad effects. The aim of the research is to explore the importance of green spaces and the value of biological diversity, and to detect the effects of the phenomenon of continuous abuses. In order to address the problem of research and achieve its objectives, the premise of its content has been developed: Green infrastructure as a hierarchical and interrelated thematic system that can contribute to the production of a basic design of the city that believes in its functions and enhances its role and ensure its sustainability. The study followed an analytical descriptive approach to data collection and vocabulary extraction in relation to green areas, levels and hierarchies, and the extraction of theoretical indicators for the effects of the changes that occurred on them. They were tested in practice in neighboorhoods no. 338, 336 in the city of Baghdad, in the light of a field analysis and survey. The research found a decline in the area of ​​green areas as their ratios do not meet the local and global standards required, especially with the increasing of urban and population density over the past decade. In addition to what the neighborhoods suffer from urban chaos and a severe shortage of infrastructure services. Greenness and its functional and visual role in beautifying the urban landscape can be observed only in the remaining agricultural use, in nurseries and orchards, which are private property that does not include the general population in the use of its functions. Finally, the research presented its vision regarding the treatment of the negative effects that were diagnosed, in light of the strategy to provide green spaces in the random neighbourhoods at multiple levels, starting with the residential clusters, through the streets and roads pedestrians, and ended with the level of neighborhoods.
Regionalization of Ukraine based on the influence of extreme values of maximum air temperature during warm and cold periods of the year
Authors: Savchuk S. V. , Yuvchenko N. N. , Timofeev V. E. 
Published: December 2018

Based on the data of maximum daily near-surface air temperature (MSAT) taken from 186 meteorological stations of Ukraine the parameters of extremality with relation to maximum air temperature for different time periods as well as deviations between them during cold and warm periods of the year were calculated. Regionalization of Ukraine was carried out in order to identify climate-vulnerable regions by means of comparison, overlapping and match of the areas with the highest values towards selected extremality thresholds. The conclusion about general increase in extremality over the last decade with relation to a climatic standard is made, the areas with the greatest vulnerability are outlined, and the areas with increase in extremality degree are identified. During both periods of the year certain areas in the southern, central and eastern parts of Ukraine are considered, based on maximum air temperature data, as the most vulnerable ones. During both periods of the year over 2001-2010, as compared to 1991-2000, increase of recurrence of extreme values of average maximum of air temperature was observed: in March and December during the cold period and also from May to July, and in case of EHMP event – in August.
Distribution of maximum air temperature of the EHMP category, in comparison to the category of extreme values, specifies and localizes the regions with the greatest vulnerability. The areas of the highest vulnerability during the cool period comprise the extreme west, south-western and southern regions and during the warm period – southern, south-eastern regions and the extreme east of Ukraine. The spatial distribution of the extreme values of the MSAT for the warm period has a predominantly meridional orientation.
During both periods of the year regions in the south (areas of Black Sea region, Crimea, boundary subregions in the south) areas in the east and center of Ukraine affected by extreme MSAT values are the most vulnerable; in 2010-2014 this influence intensified. Increase in the vulnerability based on the maximum air temperature occurs on the background of certain changes in the atmospheric circulation, under conditions of anticyclonic fields prevalence throughout the year along with increase of the temporal exposure to the elementary synoptic process. On the other hand, the aforementioned increase of recurrence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena is a consequence of sharp changes of synoptic situation, which is especially the case after a period of settled weather. The conclusion that atmospheric circulation is a main agent responsible for extreme weather and that it is not studied completely so far was made.
Comparative assessment of different municipal solid waste treatment methods based on greenhouse gases emission values
Authors: Prykhodko V. Yu. , Safranov T. A. , Shanina T. P. 
Published: December 2018

The research is aimed at comparing different methods of municipal solid waste treatment (waste burial, composting, complex recycling) depending on the values of generated greenhouse gases. In order to compare waste burial and composting of municipal solid waste based on amount of generated greenhouse gases the calculation methods used for compiling the National Inventory, were taken. The mass balance method was used to estimate the output of a product of complex recycling. The municipal solid waste components differ by amount of degradable organic carbon and decomposition rate but have the largest mass. The municipal solid waste treatment techniques consist in placing such waste at landfills and dumps which are sources of environmental pollution, for example, by greenhouse gases. There are other organic waste treatment methods, such as composting via different technologies, burning, recycling etc. But all of them are also associated with greenhouse gases emission. Easily decomposed organic waste can be used for production of organic fertilizers, but a mandatory requirement, that is separation from the general municipal solid waste stream at the time of waste production, should be complied with. A complex recycling of easily decomposed organic waste, including anaerobic and aerobic composting is offered as an efficient way of waste management. The article presents a comparative analysis of various methods of municipal solid waste treatment based on the amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the Odessa Region. It considers three waste treatment approaches: all waste mass is to be placed at landfills and dumps, composting of some of park and garden waste and burial of other components, complex recycling of food, park and garden waste and some of paper waste according to the developed scheme. Complex recycling offers the least value of total greenhouse gases emission over a five-year period whereas waste disposal is characterized by the highest value thereof. The complex recovery of components containing bioavailable organic carbon through anaerobic fermentation method excludes emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as the biogas produced can be collected and extracted. However, over a long period, even after two-stage complex recycling, the total emission of greenhouse gases will be lower comparing to other methods of easily decomposed organic waste treatment. Emission of greenhouse gases in case of waste disposal has a prolonged nature whereas emission of greenhouse gases in case of composting occurs within a short period of time which should be taken into account when analyzing the prospects of solving the municipal solid waste problem.
PROSES DAN ALASAN TERJADINYA TRANSFORMASI MASJID RAYA BANDUNG
Authors: Natalia Tri Widianti , Wibowo Heru 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:. Masjid Raya Bandung is the oldest mosque in the city of Bandung which has a very important role in the city structure and the neighborhood of town square. The Masjid Raya Bandung and the square have undergone a transformation many times, until the original building is almost gone. Transformation of the form Masjid Raya Bandung will affect the structure and the face of downtown Bandung. Therefore the purpose of this study is to see how the transformation process that occurs in the building of Masjid Raya Bandung is seen from the reason for the transformation. And see how the impact on the structure of the downtown Bandung and its influence on the quality of its functions and architecture. The method used is qualitative analysis by examining several similar studies. The results of the study reveal that every process of change that occurs in the building of Masjid Raya Bandung is always influenced by agents of control, namely the government as the control holder and the actor namely the architect as the designer. Changes in the form of Masjid Raya Bandung have changed the live configuration of the structure and the face of downtown area of Bandung. Keyword: Transformation, Masjid Raya Bandung, live configuration, city structure Abstrak: Masjid Raya Bandung menjadi salah satu masjid tertua di kota Bandung yang memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam tatanan kota dan lingkungan Alun-alun Badung. Masjid Raya Bandung dan alun-alun telah mengalami transformasi berkali kali, hingga bangunan asli hampir sudah tidak ada. Perubahan bentuk Masjid Raya Bandung akan mempengaruhi struktur dan wajah pusat Kota Bandung. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana proses transformasi yang terjadi pada bangunan Masjid Raya Bandung dilihat dari alasan terjadinya transformasi. Serta melihat bagaimana dampaknya terhadap struktur wajah pusat Kota Bandung dan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas fungsi dan arsitekturnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis kualitatif adalah dengan mengkaji beberapa penelitian sejenis. Hasil dari penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa setiap proses perubahan yang terjadi pada bangunan Masjid Raya Bandung selalu dipengaruhi oleh agen konrtrol yakni pemerintah sebagai pemegang kontrol dan aktor yakni arsitek sebagai perancang. Perubahan bentuk Masjid Raya Bandung telah mengubah live configuration struktur dan wajah kawasan pusat kota Bandung.Kata Kunci: Transformasi, Masjid Raya Bandung, Struktur Wajah Kota
Ab initio study of mechanism of forming a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound by cycloaddition reaction of H2Si = Sn: and ethylene
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Lu Xiuhui 
Published: December 2018

X2Si = Sn: (X=H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar…) are new species of chemistry. The cycloaddition reaction of X2Si = Sn: are new study field of stannylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet state H2Si = Sn: and ethylene has been first investigated with the MP2/GENECP(C, H, Si in 6-311++ G**; Sn in LanL2dz) method in this paper. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction channel. The reaction rule presented is that the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn in H2Si = Sn: and the π orbital of ethylene forming a π ⟶ p donor–acceptor bond resulting in the formation of an intermediate. Instability of the intermediate make it isomerizes to a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene. Because the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene and the π orbital of ethylene form a π ⟶ p donor–acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene further combines with ethylene to form another intermediate. Because the Sn atom in the intermediate happens sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si = Sn: and the symmetric π-bonded compounds. The study opens up a new research field for stannylene chemistry.
Pengaruh Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang Ibu yang Menikah Usia Muda Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Usia di Bawah Lima Tahun (Balita)
Authors: Yunarsih Yunarsih , Rahmawati Elfi Quyumi 
Published: December 2018

The rapid growth of children in the golden period of growth as indicated by the rapid growth of the brain, indicating the time is very important and can not be repeated. Readiness of the mother in parenting in order to achieve optimal growth and development becomes very important, especially in child care in early life. Nganjuk is one of regencies in East Java that has a young woman's marriage rate is high. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting of young aged married mother with the growth and development of children under five years of age. This type of observational study is analytical and uses cross-sectional approach. The population in this study is the mother who married a young age and had children aged under three years old (toddlers) as many as 60 people and obtained the study sample were married for 37 young mothers and have children under three years old. The results showed statistically significant relationship exists between the provision of early stimulation, feeding patterns and hygiene care performed by a mother who married a young age with the growth and development of children under five years of age. On health care and the provision of variable affection showed no association with the growth and development of children under three years of age. It can be caused due to various limitations of the people in the village. Most communities only elementary school education and the level of awareness of the importance of the need for health services is low.; Keywords : stimulating, young married mother, child growth and development
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pasangan Remaja Usia 13 – 22 Tahun Untuk Melakukan Sex Bebas Di Kawasan Tretes Kecamatan Prigen Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Fatimawati Iis , Febrianto M. Rijal 
Published: December 2018

Adolescence is a period of transition from child to adulthood. Many problems experienced by adolescents in this biological transition, for example is free sex. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence teenage couples aged 13-22 years for free sex in the districts Tretes Prigen Pasuruan regency. This study used a cross sectional analytic design. Independent variable in this study is the family factor, sex education, and environment. Dependent Variabel is free sex. The sample was mostly couples teenager in Tretes Pasuruan District Prigen that totaling 34 people. Sampling technique that is accidental sampling. This study was conducted in June 2014. Results showed the majority of family factors (55.9%) is less. Factors sex education the majority (67.6%) is less. Environmental factors most (61.8.%) Is less. Teen couple who are free sex is majority (64.7%). Analysis using chi square test showed association of family factors, environmental factors, and the factor of sex education to teen couple sex free.Need for Sex explanation that correct and proper manner that is based on religious values, culture and ethics, so the teenager will avoid that are negative things and reprehensible associated with problem-free sex.
Hubungan Keteraturan Ibu Hamil Dalam Melaksanakan Kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) Terhadap Hasil Deteksi Dini Risiko Tinggi Ibu Hamil di Poli KIA RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri
Authors: Antono Sumy Dwi , Rahayu Dwi Estuning 
Published: December 2018

Each pregnancy can develop normally, but it is difficult to know before that the pregnancy would be a problem, Antenatal care is an important way to monitor and support the normal maternal health and to detect any abnormalities in normal pregnancy. This study aims to determine the correlation of Pregnant mother’s Regularity in visiting Antenatal Care (ANC) on the Results from Early Detection of High Risk Pregnancy in Poli KIA RSUD Gambiran Kediri. This research is analytic correlation using a case-control study design. The populations in this study were all third trimester pregnant mother with high risk in Poli KIA RSUD Gambiran Kediri. The number of samples is 28 people who were taken with simple random sampling technique. Measuring instruments used KIA books and Antenatal care documentation. The results will be analyzed using Chi Square test with one sample with a standard error 5% (0,05). Based on the analysis results obtained values � = 14,28 ; 3,841 so it can be stated that there is the correlation of Pregnant mother’s Regularity in visiting Antenatal Care (ANC) on the Results from Early Detection of High Risk Pregnancy in Poli KIA RSUD Gambiran Kediri. The results are mostly high-risk pregnant mother are irregular in implementing Antenatal care. The recommendations of this research is needed to conduct counseling from a health counselor to all pregnant mother about the importance of prenatal care regularly to add the knowledge about pregnancy and also to allows health workers to detect early if there is a complication of pregnancy and as an effort to increase utilization of health services for mother pregnant.; Key words : regularity of ANC, Antenatal Care (ANC), Early Detection of High Risk
Decarbonizing Energy in Bali With Solar Photovoltaic: GIS-Based Evaluation on Grid-Connected System
Authors: Syanalia Ami , Winata Fikriyah 
Published: December 2018

In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation.
Keywords: Energy modelling, solar PV, energy policy
Enabling Community Participation for Social Innovation in the Energy Sector
Authors: Budiman Ibnu 
Published: December 2018

This study investigates enabling conditions for facilitating social innovation in the energy sector. This aspect is important to support the energy transition in Indonesia. This research provides appropriate project direction, including research (and action) gaps for the energy actors in Indonesia. The actors are encouraged to work further with the result of this study to stimulate the energy transition in Indonesia. This study uses a systemic change framework which recognizes four drivers of systemic change in a region: 1. transforming political ecologies; 2. configuring green economies; 3. building adaptive communities; 4. social innovation. These drivers are interconnected, and this study focuses on how the social innovation can be supported by other drivers. This study used interviews and literature review as the sources of data. There were interviews with eight experts who come from different countries and are experienced in social innovation in the energy sector. Afterward, this research reviewed related journal papers from the last five years, to check the latest developments within the topic, to support the interview results. The study found that the enabling condition can focus on one of the drivers of systemic change, which is building communities by increasing their participation, through several integrated actions. This point can be implemented in two types of citizen energy initiatives which are energy cooperatives and sustainable consumption initiatives. Further implementation of these initiatives requires a study on policy and governance support, to create complete enabling conditions to facilitate social innovation in the energy transition.
Keywords: Enabling condition, social innovation, renewable energy, citizen initiatives, community participation
Safety netting for primary care: evidence from a literature review
Authors: Jones Daniel , Dunn Laurie , Watt Ian , Macleod Una 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEnsuring patient safety is vital in primary care. One mechanism to increase patient safety is through a practice known as safety netting. Safety netting is widely recommended in national guidelines; however, a variety of definitions exist with no consensus on when safety netting should be used and what advice or actions it should contain.AimThis study aimed to identify different definitions of safety netting to provide conceptual clarity and propose a common approach to safety netting in primary care.Design and settingLiterature review and evidence synthesis of international articles relating to safety netting in primary care.MethodAn electronic database and grey-literature search was conducted using terms around the theme of safety netting with broad inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 47 studies were included in the review. Safety netting was defined as a consultation technique to communicate uncertainty, provide patient information on red-flag symptoms, and plan for future appointments to ensure timely re-assessment of a patient’s condition. Safety-netting advice may include information on the natural history of the illness, advice on worrying symptoms to look out for, and specific information on how and when to seek help. In addition to advice within the consultation, safety netting includes follow-up of investigations and hospital referrals. Safety netting was considered to be particularly important when consulting with children, the acutely unwell, patients with multimorbidity, and those with mental health problems.ConclusionSafety netting is more than solely the communication of uncertainty within a consultation. It should include plans for follow-up as well as important administrative aspects, such as the communication of test results and management of hospital letters.