bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of ozone and particles in the near-surface atmosphere in the urban area of the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Chen Huimin , Zhuang Bingliang , Liu Jane , Wang Tijian , Li Shu , Xie Min , Li Mengmeng , Chen Pulong , Zhao Ming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Aerosols and ozone have significant influences on air qualities, human
health, and climate changes. To further understand the characteristics and
interactions among different urban air pollutants in the west Yangtze River
Delta (YRD) region, continuous measurements of low-layer atmospheric
particles and trace gases have been performed at an urban site in Nanjing
from September 2016 to February 2017 in this study. In the urban area of the west
YRD, the mean PM10 and O3 concentrations are
86.3 µg m−3
and 37.7 ppb, respectively, with significant seasonal and diurnal
variations. Particles, which are dominated by fine aerosols, are relatively
scattering. And most of their optical properties have similar variations
to the aerosol concentrations. Results also show that the west YRD could still
suffer severe air pollution, although the seasonal mean aerosol
concentrations have decreased in recent years. Even in cold seasons,
O3 could exceed the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards for about 40 days during the sampling
period.
Most of polluted episodes are caused by local and subregional emissions. A case study for a typical
O3 and PM2.5 episode in December 2016 demonstrates that the
episode was generally associated with regional transport and a stable weather
system. Air pollutants were mostly transported from the western areas with
high emissions, as well as with an anticyclone and high-pressure system in
this region. Correlation analysis reveals that the interactions between
O3 and PM are complex, with a combination of inhibition and promotion
under different conditions. The inhibition effect might result from the
reduction of photolysis frequency near the surface due to aerosols in addition to their
positive correlations with precursors, while the promotion effect is from
the formation of secondary aerosols under high concentrations of oxidants
and solar radiation. However, the interaction between O3 and BC shows
an inhibiting effect due to its chemical stability. This also indicated a
VOC-sensitive regime for photochemical production of O3 in this
region. This study further improves insight into the characteristics and
interactions of main pollutants and may contribute to
the improvement of the simulation and prediction of aerosols and gases in the urban area of
the YRD.
Stability in mixed linear delay Levin-Nohel integro-dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Ali Khelil Kamel , Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Djoudi Ahcene 
Published: April 2019

In this paper we use the contraction mapping theorem to obtain asymptotic stability results about the zero solution for the following mixed linear delay Levin-Nohel integro-dynamic equation x^{Δ}(t)+∫_{t-r(t)}^{t}a(t,s)x(s)Δs+b(t)x(t-h(t))=0, t∈[t₀,∞)∩T,where f^{△} is the △-derivative on T. An asymptotic stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved. The results obtained here extend the work of Dung <cite>d</cite>. In addition, the case of the equation with several delays is studied.
Loving the Eternal Recurrence
Authors: Sinhababu Neil , Un Teng Kuong 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore how one might respond emotionally to the eternal recurrence. Zarathustra himself serves as our central case study. First we clarify the idea of eternal recurrence and its role in Nietzsche's philosophy, explaining why the eternal recurrence has the emotional consequences Nietzsche describes when he first introduces the idea in The Gay Science. Then we describe Zarathustra's emotional journey from horror at the eternal recurrence to loving it, in the sections from “On Great Events” to “The Seven Seals, or: The Yes and Amen Song.”
Nietzsche's Notion of Lying
Authors: Wermuth Yann 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This article clarifies Nietzsche's notion of lying. The notion needs clarification because it is at odds with widespread definitions of lying. The first section compares Nietzsche's notion of lying in Beyond Good and Evil (BGE) 192 with a widespread definition of lying, highlighting the former's oddity. The second section argues that “On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense” (TL) helps to clarify Nietzsche's notion of lying as he wants to allow for unconscious lies—an expression that can be found only in TL. The third section explains Nietzsche's notion of lying as a form of intellectual dishonesty that involves making something seem real that is not. The fourth section applies the notion of lying to make sense of BGE 192 and answer additional questions. The fifth section ends the article by bringing to bear Nietzsche's notion of lying on passages on lying by Nietzsche in his late work The Antichrist. The last section thus makes a case for Nietzsche's sticking to this notion throughout his writing. The present study aims at rehabilitating TL in certain respects by highlighting the explanatory potential of Nietzsche's notion of lying as laid out there.
A flexibilidade por trás das câmeras: transformações na cadeia produtiva do cinema e os impactos no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Almeida Ricardo Normanha Ribeiro de 
Published: April 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as transformações na cadeia produtiva do cinema brasileiro a partir da entrada da Globo filmes no mercado cinematográfico e os impactos para o mercado de trabalho neste setor. O trabalho em cinema caracteriza-se pelas suas dimensões de flexibilidade e incertezas. Neste contexto, a reestruturação da produção de filmes no Brasil acarreta em um processo de desintegração vertical da cadeia produtiva, ao passo que estabelece uma organização extensiva de cooperação entre empresas, apontando para um processo de especialização flexível entre as diversas empresas envolvidas na produção cinematográfica. Como resultado desta dinâmica, ao se observar os dados referentes ao emprego com vínculo no setor do audiovisual, pode-se perceber que as configurações das cadeias produtivas deste segmento compartilham da lógica flexível de produção, marcada pela descentralização dos processos produtivos e terceirização das atividades inerentes à realização das obras audiovisuais. Exemplo disso é o crescimento do número de estabelecimentos empregadores nas atividades de produção e pós-produção, grande parte deles categorizados como pequenas e microempresas.
A longitudinal study of the faecal microbiome and metabolome of periparturient mares
Authors: Salem Shebl E. , Hough Rachael , Probert Chris , Maddox Thomas W. , Antczak Philipp , Ketley Julian M. , Williams Nicola J. , Stoneham Sarah J. , Archer Debra C. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPeriparturient mares are at increased risk of colic including large colon volvulus, which has a high mortality rate. Alterations in colonic microbiota related to either physiological or management changes, or both, that occur at this time have been suggested as potential causes for increased colic risk in this population of horses. Although the effect of management changes on the horse faecal microbiota has been investigated, limited work has been conducted to investigate changes in faecal microbiota structure and function in the periparturient period. The objectives of the current study were to investigate temporal stability of the faecal microbiota and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the faecal metabolome in periparturient mares.MethodsFaecal samples were collected weekly from five pregnant mares from 3 weeks pre-foaling to 7 weeks post-foaling. The microbiome data was generated by PCR amplification and sequencing of the V1–V2 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes, while the VOC profile was characterised using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry.ResultsThe mare faecal microbiota was relatively stable over the periparturient period and most variation was associated with individual mares. A small number of operational taxonomic units were found to be significantly differentially abundant between samples collected before and after foaling. A total of 98 VOCs were identified. The total number of VOCs did not vary significantly between individual mares, weeks of sample collection and feeds available to the mares. Three VOCs (decane, 2-pentylfuran, and oct-2-ene) showed significant increase overtime on linear mixed effects modelling analysis. These results suggest that the mare faecal microbiota is structurally and functionally stable during the periparturient period. The findings also suggest that if changes in the gut microbiota are related to development of colic postpartum, altered risk may be due to inherent differences between individual mares. VOCs offer a cost-effective means of looking at the functional changes in the microbiome and warrant further investigation in mares at risk of colic.
Optimisation of Point-Set Matching Model for Robust Fingerprint Verification in Changing Weather Conditions
Authors: Udo I. J. , Akhigbe B. I. , Afolabi B. S. 
Published: April 2019

Aims: To provide a baseline for the configuration of Automated Fingerprint Verification System (AFVS) in the face of changing weather and environmental conditions in order to ensure performance accuracy.
Study Design: Statistical and theoretical research approaches.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between July 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: Data set were collected in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. We use 10,000 minutiae points defined by location and orientation features extracted from fingerprint samples obtained at 9 various physical and environmental conditions over 12 months period. These data were used to formulate linear regression models that were used as constraints to the verification objective function derived as constrained linear least squares. The effects of the changing weather and environmental conditions were incorporated into the optimised point-set matching model in order to minimise the total relative error on location and orientation differences between pairs of minutiae. The model was implemented using interior-point convex quadratic programming was implemented in Matlab.
Results: The results obtained from the optimisation function by adjusting the thresholds of the effects of weather and environmental conditions to 0.0, 0.0 for location and orientation properties of minutiae, respectively, showed minimal total relative errors on the corresponding pairs of matched minutiae, when compared with using the default threshold values of the selected conditions.
Conclusion: The optimisation of point-set based model could provide a computational basis for accurate fingerprint verification for low and high-security AFVS in unfavourable conditions if they are incorporated into the matching model. However, further validation and evaluation of the model with data sets from regions with similar weather and environmental conditions is needed to further validate its robustness in terms of performance accuracy
Comparative Analysis of Per Second Billing System of GLO, MTN, Etisalat, Airtel and Visafone in Nigeria
Authors: Kadiri Kamoru Oluwatoyin , Lawal Samuel Oluwaseun 
Published: April 2019

This study compares per second billing system of network providers such as MTN, AIRTEL, GLO, ETISALAT and VISAFONE in Nigeria. The area of research cluster in this study is to assess price, usage and beneficial Comparisons among communication companies (Network providers) along with their market competition in Nigerian economy and to evaluate the factors that influence the decisions of Nigerian telecommunication commission on price changes. Data of network subscribers and other network bundles were collected via Nigeria Communication Commission (NCC) database and other valuable medium. Comparison of active, inactive and installed capacity was inferred using multiple bar charts for efficient comparison. The study, with the aid of drift analysis, surveyed the effects of the competition on availability, quality and cost of telecommunications services in Nigeria.
The method of price comparison employed in this study centered on the five telecommunication network operators’ tariff plans (both prepaid and postpaid), an approach which defined separate service price data on the basis of service usage levels, service merits, economic factor, tariff rate and accessibility. This study showed that, telephone density (teledensity) increased from 97.60 to 108.11. It was inferred that, Visafone offers better per second billing system, follow by MTN Nigeria. Airtel Nigeria per second billing system is also moderate; Globacom Limited followed Airtel Nigeria; Etisalat tariff rate would have follow Visafone as the second best had it been it does not offers its service with access fees. It was observed according to the official data that, MTN Nigeria has the highest number of subscribers, follow by Globacom Limited, Airtel Nigeria, Etisalat and Visafone Limited in rapid succession. Hence, factors that determine the rate of subscription to individual network service among others, include, age of the network, quality service render, network coverage, tariff rate, accessibility, benefits, etc.
Equilibrium Adsorption Studies of Methylene Blue onto Caesalpinia pulcherrima Husk-based Activated Carbon
Authors: Nuhu A. A. , Omali I. C. P. , Clifford C. O. 
Published: April 2019

Activated carbon was prepared from Caesalpinia pulcherrima husk (CPH) by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. The activated sample was characterized based on the physical properties. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The coefficient of determination for Langmuir model R2 = 0.967 was higher compared to Freundlich and Temkin showing monolayer adsorption, and also established that the adsorption of methylene onto CPH based activated carbon can be best described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The energy of adsorption (806.2 kJ/mol) obtained from this model shows clearly that the process is chemisorption. It was observed that the adsorption characteristic indicates a rapid uptake of the adsorbate; the optimum contact time for the adsorption of Methylene blue onto the prepared carbon was 60 minutes. This evidence also points to chemisorption process. These results demonstrate that the carbon derived from CPH can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of Methylene blue.
Protective Effect of Dorema glabrum on Induced Oxidative Stress by Diazinon in Hippocampus of Rat
Authors: Adampourezare Mina , Sistani Parisa , Nemati Homeira Hatami 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Diazinon (DZN) administration produces lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress in the brain. Some medicinal plants such as Dorema glabrum has antioxidant properties, so can be used as an antioxidant that may protect neurons from oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of D. glabrum against DZN-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus.
Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats randomly were divided into four groups including a control group, and two groups received different doses of D. glabrum (40 and 80 mg/kg) as pre-treatment for 21 days with DZN (100 mg/Kg) that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in last day of D. glabrum usage, and one group received only DZN. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are the indicators of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) were determined in the ratsʼ hippocampus.
Results: Administration of DZN significantly increased TBARS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity but there were no significant changes in catalase activity in the hippocampus. Combined D. glabrum and DZN treatment, caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase, a significant decrease of TBARS and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and again no significant changes in catalase activity in the rats’ hippocampus when compared to the rats treated with DZN.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that D. glabrum had an amelioratory effect on oxidative stress induced by DZN.
Evaluation of Carbon Stock across Different Forest Physiognomy in a Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem at Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Arubasa Onome O. , Odiwe Anthony I. 
Published: April 2019

This study investigated carbon stock in above-ground biomass across different physiognomies in Obafemi Awolowo University tropical rainforest ecosystem. This was with a view of increasing the understanding of carbon cycle in tropical rainforest in Nigeria.
Two 20 m x 20 m plots were marked out in the secondary forest, Tectona grandis and Riparian vegetations. Total enumeration was carried out for the living tree, the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of trees ≥10 cm were measured at 1.3 m above the ground and height was also determined using a ranging pole and Haga altimeter.
Aboveground carbon stocks in standing trees ranged from 218.24 to 318.92 C t ha-1 with the highest value in Tectona grandis plantation. Trees with DBH size class 11-20 cm contributed more to Carbon stock in secondary forest and Tectona grandis plantation, while size class ≥60 cm contributed more in the riparian vegetation. Tectona grandis plantation proved to be better in mitigating carbon in our environment and this result will enhance better estimates of local and regional carbon stock which is crucial to addressing the problems of climate change.
Yield Response of African Rice Genotypes to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Inoculation
Authors: Oladele Segun , Awodun Moses , Odiyi Alex 
Published: April 2019

Aims: A short term field study was conducted to investigate the yield performance of selected African rice genotypes inoculated with biofertilizers.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design laid out in a split-plot arrangement was used to evaluate response of yield components and grain yield of some selected African rice genotypes will be to mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium inoculation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal university of technology, Akure Ondo state, Nigeria during the 2013 planting season.
Methodology: The study was laid out in a split plot arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium inoculation and control in the main plot, while genotypes (N-U-1, N-U-8, WAB 56-104, OFADA GR and MOROBEREKAN) were in the sub-plot and treatments were replicated thrice. There were three main blocks, each block consist of 15 sub-plots with a size measurement of 2m x 1m and inter sub-plot spacing of 0.5m in between plots. A total of 50 plants were raised per sub plot. Transplanted seedlings were planted with the soil slurry containing rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi inoculum into planting holes in the field at two seedlings per stand, according to their respective plot at a spacing of 25cm x 25cm. Yield component data collected include; number of days to 90% maturity, number of days to 50% flowering; plant height at maturity, number of primary tillers per plot, number of grains per panicle, number of panicles, number of filled and unfilled spikelet, weight of 1000 filled grains and grain yield per plot.
Results: Result showed significant (P<0.05) single and interactive effect of rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on rice yield and yield components. 61.4% increase in grain yield was observed in rhizobium inoculated genotypes when compared to 37.4% increase in mycorrhized genotypes and the un-inoculated control. WAB56–104 and N-U-8 had the best interactive response amongst genotypes inoculated with rhizobium while genotypes WAB56-104 and MOROBEREKAN responded better amongst mycorrhized genotypes in relation to yield components.
Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that African rice genotypes differ in grain yield response and host specifity when inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium inoculums. However, inoculating specific African rice genotypes with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium can positively influence their grain yield and yield component development and this could play an important role in improving African rice productivity.
Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Central Uganda
Authors: Munema Asafu M. , Yahaya James J. , Lukande Robert , Kalungi Sam 
Published: April 2019

Aims: The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor in patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as assessing the correlation of overexpression of EGFR with age, gender and tumor grades of the cases.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the pathology laboratory at the department of pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala-Uganda for five months.
Methodology: A sample of 127 archival tissue blocks from patients with ESCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2012 were retrieved from the tissue repository and used to assess overexpression of EGFR using monoclonal mouse Anti-human wild type EGFR antibody. For association between age and overexpression of EGFR, Kruskal- Wallis H test was used and for tumor grade and sex and EGFR, Chi-Square test was performed using SPSS version 16.0. P ˂ .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The age range of the patients with ESCC in this study was 35-99 years with mean of 59.55 years. The peak age of the cases was 55-64 years. Males and females were 68.5% and 31.5% respectively. Moderately differentiated tumors dominated by comprising 59.9%. The prevalence of overexpression of EGFR was 61.4%. The highest overexpression of EGFR was seen in cases with grade 2 compared to grade 1 and 3 but not statistically significant (P = .255). Overexpression of EGFR was relatively higher in cases with age ≥ 50 years, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .931). Males expressed relatively higher EGFR than females, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .944).
Conclusions: Majority of patients with ESCC in Uganda have moderately differentiated tumor and a significant number of them tend to show overexpression of EGFR antigen.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Maize Streak Virus Resistance
Authors: Arusei P. , Runo S. , Warigia M. , Ngetich A. , Leley P. 
Published: April 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate partial resistance to Maize Streak Virus (MSV) in F2 segregating population derived from a single cross of two inbred lines VLO73311 (resistant) and CLRCW92 (susceptible).
Study Design: The experimental design was an incomplete block design replicated two times.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of plant sciences Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute in Biotechnology center laboratory, in June 2014 to December 2015.
Methodology: Resistance was evaluated in replicated field trials under artificial inoculation while selecting using SNP markers. The method of composite interval mapping was employed for QTL detection with a linkage map based on 350 SNP markers.
Results: The final linkage map comprised of 100 individuals and 61 SNP markers distributed in ten linkage maps and covering a distance of 437.282cM. One QTL located in linkage group four was detected with a LOD score of above 2.0 with two SNP markers (PZA00413_20 and PZA03198_3) tightly linked to the QTLs. A significant QTL explaining 14% of the phenotypic variance for early resistance to MSV was detected on chromosome three.
Conclusion: The SNPs significantly associated with MSV resistance can be used in marker-assisted selection and will accelerate the breeding process for the development of MSV resistant maize genotypes.