bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Antibiotics for Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection and Incident Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Nationwide, Population-based Case-control Study
Authors: Chao Wen-Cheng , Lin Ching-Heng , Chen Yi-Ming , Hsu Chiann-Yi , Chen Jun-Peng , Chen Hsin-Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to address the association between the usage of antibiotics to treat nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and the risk of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We identified 5,553 patients with newly diagnosed SS between 2002 and 2013 using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 83,295 non-SS controls matched (1:15) for age, sex, and the year of their first SS diagnosis. An increased risk of SS was found in patients receiving new macrolides (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.95, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.80–2.11), fluoroquinolones (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.41–1.64), and tetracyclines (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.59–1.79) compared with non-SS controls after adjusting for the Charlson comorbidity index, bronchiectasis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Notably, the association was consistent among each antibiotic in these three groups of antibiotics. In contrast to these three groups of antibiotics, the use of amikacin tended to have a negative association with incident SS (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.87). In conclusion, new macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines were associated with a higher incidence of SS. These findings indicate the need for vigilance of SS in prescribing these antibiotics and warrant further mechanistic studies.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 regulates inflammation in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Sexton Rachel E. , Hachem Ali H. , Assi Ali A. , Bukhsh Miriam A. , Gorski David H. , Speyer Cecilia L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBreast cancer remains a major cause of death among women. 15% of these cancers are triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer for which no current effective targeted therapy exists. We have previously demonstrated a role for mGluR1 in mediating tumor cell growth, endothelial cell proliferation, and tumor-induced angiogenesis in TNBC. In this study, we explore a role for mGluR1 in regulating inflammation in TNBC. GRM1 expression was silenced in MDA-MB-231 cells to study changes in expression of inflammatory genes regulated by mGluR1. Results were confirmed by ELISA using GRM1-silenced and overexpressed cells and mGluR1 inhibitors. A functional role for these differentially expressed genes was determined in vitro and in vivo. 131 genes were differentially expressed in GRM1-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells, with some of these falling into four major canonical pathways associated with acute inflammation, specifically leukocyte migration/chemotaxis. Upregulation of three of these genes (CXCL1, IL6, IL8) and their corresponding protein was confirmed by qPCR analysis and ELISA in GRM1-manipulated TNBC cells. Upregulation of these cytokines enhanced endothelial adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils in co-culture assays and in 4T1 mouse tumors. Our results suggest mGluR1 may serve as a novel endogenous regulator of inflammation in TNBC.
High selective microstrip bandpass filter and diplexer with common magnetic coupling
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Zhang Min , Ma Jian‐Guo 
Published: October 2018

A new common magnetic coupling structure has been proposed. A high selective microstrip bandpass filter and a diplexer with the common magnetic coupling and 0° feeding have been developed. A pair of transmission zeros can be generated by 0° feeding, while an additional transmission zero can be produced by the common magnetic coupling structure and can be controlled/adjusted by the electric/magnetic couplings. The proposed diplexer has been fabricated and measured, and the measurement shows a channel insertion loss of <1.3 dB, and an isolation of not <34 dB. The measured results agree with the prediction.
Development of a ±660 kV DC transmission line arrester
Authors: Gu Shanqiang , Cao Wei , Wan Shuai , Chen Jiahong , Tan Jin , Wang Jian , Lv Jun 
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the lightning withstand level of ±660 kV DC transmission line in China, the authors had begun to develop the ±660 kV DC line arrester since 2014, which was developed successfully in 2016. The structure, technical parameters, protection performance, and installation of line arrester are analysed in detail. The arrester adopts the structure of polymer housing with an external series air gap and a four‐section body. The technical parameters and protection performance are designed and calculated according to the relevant standards. The results show that the arrester has good electrical and mechanical performances, and it meets the requirement of insulation coordination. Pillar insulator supporting installation is used in the arrester application. Up to now, the ±660 kV DC line arrester has been used in the ±660 kV DC transmission line in China, which works safely and reliably over a long time. The successful operation can accumulate operating experience and provide a basis for the large‐scale application of the line arrester on the ±660 kV DC transmission line in the future.
Design and implementation of the integrated experiment cabinet for micro‐transmission lines
Authors: Li Hao , Lu Yi , Zhang Hengxu , Zheng Zewen 
Published: October 2018

Micro‐transmission lines are the physical model elements that own the same physical properties as the real transmission lines in power system, which are the significant components of a micro‐dynamic simulation laboratory. This study presents an integrated experiment cabinet for micro‐transmission lines (IECMTL). IECMTL integrates 20 micro‐emulating transmission lines units, four micro‐bus units and two light‐synchronised phasor measurement units (PMU Lights). Benefitting from the same size and interface, researchers can change the position and wiring of any two transmission lines units according to the needs of the simulation experiment. PMU Lights are employed to get the operating status of micro‐emulating transmission lines, including three‐phase frequency, voltage phasor and current phasor. Appropriate software was developed on server to communicate with IECMTL in a two‐way manner through the internet. Real‐time monitoring and control features of IECMTL provide a flexible physical platform not only for innovative research ideas but also for education engineering of the power system. An example test‐bed consisting of two IECMTLs was presented to simulate the power grids containing three generators and nine buses.
Study on characteristics and impacting factors of oscillation of wind farms integration via an MMC‐based HVDC system
Authors: Wang Xiao , Hu Xiaobao , Liu Hui , Lan Haibo , Sheng Siqing , Wu Linlin 
Published: October 2018

Modular multilevel converter (MMC)‐based high‐voltage DC (HVDC) transmission technology has become an ideal solution for large and remote wind farms integration. Oscillation or instability phenomena might occur due to the rapid control of power electronic converters in both wind farms and MMC‐based HVDC system. In order to reveal oscillation characteristics of wind farms and MMC‐based HVDC interconnected system, the system equivalent damping stability criterion is deduced theoretically, and a system damping analysis platform is built in this study. On this base, the impact on 1–1000 Hz oscillation characteristics from many factors including controller parameters of wind turbines and MMC‐based HVDC, wind turbines power and wind turbines number is analysed, and mechanism of instability under different conditions is explained physically in terms of system damping characteristics. Time‐domain simulations in RT‐LAB are presented to validate the stability study.
Simulation and analysis of  ± 1100 kV UHVDC transmission system with hierarchical connection mode based on PSCAD/EMTDC
Authors: Ren Ziyuan , Li Jiangtao , Yu Fang , He Jiaxin , Liu Yuhao , Sun Yi 
Published: October 2018

This study first introduces the structure and principle of the control system of ultra‐high‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system with hierarchical connection mode, mainly including the whole control logic, the voltage balance control module of high‐end and low‐end converter stations and the commutation failure prediction function. On this basis, this study sets up an electromagnetic transient equivalent model of UHV AC/DC interconnected system with hierarchical connection mode by simulation software electromagnetic transient design and control/power systems computer‐aided design (EMTDC/PSCAD) based on Zhundong–Huadong  ± 1100 kV UHVDC transmission project. The simulation analysis was first carried out in steady‐state operation. Comparing the electrical parameters of the model under the condition of bipolar total voltage with the actual project, the model is consistent with actual engineering parameters. Next, the simulation was undertaken when single‐phase grounding fault occurs on AC bus of rectifier side and inverter side. Finally, simulation waveforms and corresponding conclusion are summarised in this study. The results indicate that the DC control system established with hierarchical connection mode under the PSCAD/EMTDC environment has good adjustment effect and can provide a good reference for practise.
Study on overvoltage characteristics and arrester configuration strategy for ±1 100 kV HVDC transmission lines
Authors: Zhu Xiaoguang , Liu Yichen , Deng Junbo , Yu Fang , Li Jiangtao , Guo Jie , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: October 2018

Overvoltage caused by faults or switching is one of the decisive factors affecting the insulation level of equipment in UHVDC transmission systems. As for ±1 100 kV transmission projects, there has been no clear conclusion about the overvoltage distribution characteristics along transmission lines. This paper studies characteristics of the overvoltage distribution along ±1 100 kV transmission lines after building the simulation platform of ±1 100 kV UHVDC transmission systems with the use of PSCAD software. The typical fault conditions are simulated such as monopolar line‐to‐ground fault and line‐broken‐down fault of transmission lines. The distribution characteristics of overvoltage along the line under different faults are obtained. The simulation results show that the arresters installed along the lines can significantly reduce the switching voltage level of DC lines. The voltage‐current characteristics and the installation density of the arresters along the line have an important influence on the overvoltage suppression effect. Through the comparative analysis, a configuration scheme of arresters along the lines is proposed, which has a great effect for overvoltage suppression. The results are instructive for the design of insulation coordination in practical projects.
Design, analysis, and testing of PP‐IGBT‐based submodule stack for the MMC VSC HVDC with 3000 A DC bus current
Authors: Chen Huifeng , Wakeman Frank , Pitman Julian , Li Gangru 
Published: October 2018

Voltage sourced converter (VSC) high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) is moving to higher DC voltage and capacity, such as ±500 kV/3000 MW and ±800 kV/5000 MW for a single converter, which will bring tremendous challenges for converter submodule design. This work will focus on the design, analysis, and testing of press‐pack insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) (PP‐IGBT)‐based modular multilevel converter (MMC) submodule stack that is suitable for such large converters. It starts with the introduction of internal structure and unique features of PP‐IGBT and diode, which make them good choices for such projects, then followed by study of submodule topological schemes and structural design of the stack. Moreover, it presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results on coolers, and it also provides electrothermal simulation results, for the purpose of calculating losses and junction temperature of PP‐IGBT and diode. Furthermore, both device and stack level testing results will be reported, including reverse bias safe operating area, short‐circuit turn‐off, thermal cycling and short‐circuit‐failure‐mode tests for device, and double‐pulse commutation and frequency tests for the stack. In addition, trade‐off considerations for stray inductance between normal switching and shoot‐through fault will be discussed. Finally, by summarising these simulation and experimental studies, it is concluded that a PP‐IGBT‐based stack is proved to be a superb candidate for the coming gigawatt MMC converters.
Les pulsars radio : 50 ans de découvertes !
Authors: Cognard Ismaël 
Published: October 2018

À la fin des années 1960, des impulsions radio régulières sont découvertes en provenance d'astres de notre galaxie. Analogue à celle d'un phare au bord de la mer, l'émission de ces « pulsars » est interprétée comme le passage d'un faisceau radio collimaté (peu divergent) sur la Terre. Parmi les milliers de pulsars connus aujourd'hui, certains sont dotés d'une stabilité de rotation hors du commun les rendant utilisables pour un grand nombre d'applications en physique fondamentale.
Un réseau de pulsars ultra-stables est actuellement utilisé pour chercher la signature des déformations de l'espacetemps induites par les ondes gravitationnelles prédites dans la foulée des travaux d'Albert Einstein. Ces ondes seraient émises par les couples de trous noirs de milliards de masses solaires situés aux centres des galaxies voisines.
Von ADAPTHERA zu Rheuma-VOR: Konzept der koordinierten Kooperation zur Verbesserung der rheumatologischen Versorgungsqualität
Authors: Schwarting Andreas 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungRheumatologische Erkrankungsbilder nehmen in Ihrer Relevanz immer weiter zu. Die Kombination aus einem optimalen Behandlungsbeginn innerhalb von 12 Wochen nach Beschwerdebeginn und dem Mangel an Rheumatologen stellt eine große Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten dar. Ein möglicher Ansatzpunkt ist die koordinierte Kooperation von Patienten, Primärversorgern (Internisten, Orthopäden, Dermatologen) und den niedergelassenen Rheumatologen mithilfe einer zentralen Koordinationsstelle. Das erfolgreich etablierte rheinland-pfalzweite Netzwerk ADAPTHERA konnte zeigen, dass durch Risikostratifizierung eine zeitnahe Diagnose der Rheumatoiden Arthritis möglich ist und dabei die Ressource „Rheumatologe“ geschont wird. Die durch den Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses geförderte Proof-of-Concept Folgestudie Rheuma-VOR fußt auf dem gleichen Prinzip, jedoch stehen nun 3 entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen (Rheumatoide Arthritis, Psoriasis Arthritis und Spondylarthritis) im Fokus. Zudem wurde das Projekt auf die Bundesländer Rheinland-Pfalz, Niedersachsen und dem Saarland ausgeweitet. Das Ziel ist die Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität in den 3 Bundesländern bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der Wartezeiten.
Aktueller und künftiger Stellenwert der gefäßchirurgischen Expertise für Viszeralchirurgen – eine Expertenbefragung
Authors: Koscielny Arne , Schmidt Valeri , Branchi Vittorio , Verrel Frauke , Kalff Jörg , Matthaei Hanno 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Aufgrund verfeinerter Techniken und optimierten perioperativen Managements werden immer ausgedehntere viszeralchirurgische und onkologische Operationen möglich. Hierbei sind zunehmend präoperativ planbare oder auch notfallmäßige gefäßchirurgische Eingriffe notwendig. Es ist unklar, ob derzeit Fachärzte für Viszeralchirurgie in der Bundesrepublik über ein erforderliches Maß an gefäßchirurgischer Expertise verfügen. Eine Einschätzung des aktuellen Stands und des zukünftigen Stellenwerts gefäßchirurgischer Expertise des Viszeralchirurgen ist daher Gegenstand der Expertenbefragung.
Material und Methoden Durch einen Fragebogen, versandt Mitte 2017 an die Lehrstuhlinhaber für Viszeralchirurgie der deutschen Universitätskliniken sowie an die leitenden Viszeralchirurgen anderer Kliniken, wurde die Rolle der gefäßchirurgischen Expertise in der Viszeralchirurgie erörtert. Es wurden personen-, klinik-, system- und eingriffsspezifische Fragen gestellt.
Ergebnisse An den Unikliniken werden im Vergleich zu nicht universitären Krankenhäusern signifikant häufiger gefäßchirurgische Eingriffe im Rahmen von viszeralchirurgischen Operationen durchgeführt (p < 0,001). Eine gefäßchirurgische Fachkompetenz ist jedoch sowohl universitär als auch außeruniversitär überwiegend vorhanden (72,8%), wohingegen fast ein Drittel aller Befragten den Wunsch nach mehr gefäßchirurgischer Expertise in der eigenen Klinik äußerte. Eine optionale Weiterbildungsrotation in die Gefäßchirurgie für 1 Jahr ist insbesondere an den Unikliniken möglich (92,9 vs. 73,8%; p = 0,031). Die knappe Mehrheit der viszeralchirurgischen Leiter geht davon aus, dass die Gefäßchirurgie in der Zukunft eine größere Rolle in der Viszeralchirurgie spielen wird (51,6%) und spricht sich für eine verpflichtende Rotation in die Gefäßchirurgie während der Weiterbildung zum Viszeralchirurgen von zumindest 6 Monaten aus (54,1%). Die zu vermittelnden gefäßchirurgischen Techniken sollten insbesondere die Thrombektomie und Embolektomie (95,6%), Gefäßnaht (98,6%), Patchplastik (89,1%) und ferner vaskuläre Bypassverfahren (45,5%) umfassen.
Schlussfolgerung Es existiert ein Expertenkonsens darüber, dass die gefäßchirurgische Expertise in der Viszeralchirurgie einen wichtigen und wachsenden Stellenwert innehat. Trotz meist vorhandener Weiterbildungsmöglichkeit scheint an einigen Kliniken noch Bedarf an gefäßchirurgischer Kompetenz zu bestehen. Die obligate Integration entsprechender Weiterbildungsinhalte in die Weiterbildungsordnungen der Landesärztekammern sollte daher diskutiert werden.
Messenger RNA profiling of human platelets by microarray hybridization
Authors: Dugrillon Alex , Günaydin Ayse , Eichler Hermann , Klüter Harald , Bugert Peter 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPlatelets are generally believed to be inactive in terms of de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, the presence of ribosomes and mRNA molecules is well established. Many studies have used reverse transcriptase (RT) -PCR for detection of gene transcripts in platelets. As RT-PCR is a very sensitive method, any leukocyte contamination of platelet preparations can lead to false results. We performed three filtration procedures to minimize leukocyte contamination of pooled buffy-coat platelet concentrates prior to RNA isolation. Furthermore, by applying a genomic PCR approach with 50 amplification cycles we demonstrated that nucleated cells were not detectable. Microarray hybridization was used to analyze 9,850 individual human genes in RNA from purified platelets. In total we identified 1,526 (15.5%) positive genes. The data were confirmed in six individual experiments each performed on a PC pooled from four individual blood donations. Genes specific for nucleated blood cells such as CD4, CD83 and others were negative and verified the purity of PC. Overrepresentation of positive genes was found in the functional categories of glycoproteins/integrins (22.6% vs. 15.5%, p=0.029) and receptors (20.7% vs. 15.5%, p<0.001). Gene transcripts encoding RANTES, GRO-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and others were found at high levels of signal intensity and confirmed literature data. This work provides a mRNA profile of human platelets and a complete list of results can be downloaded from the website of our institute www.ma.uni-heidelberg.de/inst/iti/plt_array.xls. The knowledge about gene transcripts may have an impact on the characterization of novel proteins and their functions in platelets.
Pathophysiologie der Entzündung
Authors: Sahlmann C.-O. , Ströbel P. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEntzündung ist das Resultat einer Aktivierung des Immunsystems aus unterschiedlichen Ursachen. Das Immunsystem ist ein hochkomplexes, evolutionär optimiertes Verteidigungssystem aus zellulären und humoralen Komponenten. Die Immunsituation des Wirtes, die Art und Virulenz des entzündlichen Agens und die (teilweise genetisch determinierte) Feinjustierung der Entzündungsreaktion entscheiden über den Ausgang einer Entzündungsreaktion. Probleme entstehen u. a. durch entzündungsbedingte Gewebedefekte (z.B. Fibrose) sowie durch ungenügende (Immundefizienz) oder überschießende Immunantworten (Autoimmunität). Das dynamische Gleichgewicht zwischen Immundefizienz und Autoimmunität wird durch stringente Selektionsmechanismen in Knochenmark und Thymus und durch Kontrollmechanismen (Checkpoints) in den peripheren lymphatischen Geweben sichergestellt. Viele Tumoren haben Eigenschaften, die zu einer Immunsuppression in ihrem Mikromilieu führen und umgehen dadurch ihre Zerstörung durch das Immunsystem.In den vergangenen Jahren ist es gelungen, diese lokale Immunsuppression durch den Tumor teilweise zu durchbrechen. Erste klinische Studien haben sehr ermutigende Indizien dafür geliefert, dass die Nutzung des Immunsystems für therapeutische Zwecke eine sehr effektive Waffe bei der Bekämpfung von Tumorerkrankungen sein kann.
Peptidrezeptor-Radionuklidtherapie Somatostatinrezeptor- exprimierender Tumore
Authors: Boy C. , Bockisch A. , Kotzerke J. , Buchmann I. , Ezziddin S. , Scheidhauer K. , Krause B. J. , Schmidt D. , Amthauer H. , Rösch F. , Nagarajah J. , Führer D. , Lahner H. , Pöpperl G. , Hörsch D. , Walter M. A. , Baum R. P. , Poeppel T. D. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDiese Handlungsempfehlung soll eine Grundlage für die Qualitätssicherung der Peptid - rezeptor-Radionuklidtherapie (PRRT) von Patienten mit Somatostatinrezeptor-exprimierenden Tumoren schaffen, die zurzeit in Deutschland bei fehlenden gleichwertigen oder besseren Therapiealternativen im Rahmen eines individuellen Heilversuches erfolgt. Sie wurde interdisziplinär erarbeitet und enthält neben Definition, allgemeiner Zielsetzung und klinischen Hintergrundinformationen Angaben zu Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der PRRT. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Anforderungen, die an das Behandlungszentrum gestellt werden, wie die enge Zusammenarbeit der an der Behandlung beteiligten Fachgebiete. Weiterhin wird spezifiziert, welche Untersuchungsbefunde vor der Therapie vorliegen müssen und wie die PRRT technisch und organisatorisch durchzuführen ist. Nach der Behandlung ist eine langfristige Nachsorge/Kontrolle der therapierten Patienten – u. a. zur Gewinnung onkologischer Qualitätsparameter – unabdingbar. Die gesamte Behandlung einschließlich der Nachsorge muss in enger Abstimmung und Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Fachdisziplinen erfolgen, wobei in der Regel die Empfehlung zur PRRT durch ein multidisziplinäres Tumorboard erfolgen sollte.
Clinical Summarization Capabilities of Commercially-available and Internally-developed Electronic Health Records
Authors: McCoy A.B. , Wright A. , Sittig D.F. , Laxmisan A. 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objective: Clinical summarization, the process by which relevant patient information is electronically summarized and presented at the point of care, is of increasing importance given the increasing volume of clinical data in electronic health record systems (EHRs). There is a paucity of research on electronic clinical summarization, including the capabilities of currently available EHR systems.
Methods: We compared different aspects of general clinical summary screens used in twelve different EHR systems using a previously described conceptual model: AORTIS (Aggregation, Organization, Reduction, Interpretation and Synthesis).
Results: We found a wide variation in the EHRs’ summarization capabilities: all systems were capable of simple aggregation and organization of limited clinical content, but only one demonstrated an ability to synthesize information from the data.
Conclusion: Improvement of the clinical summary screen functionality for currently available EHRs is necessary. Further research should identify strategies and methods for creating easy to use, well-designed clinical summary screens that aggregate, organize and reduce all pertinent patient information as well as provide clinical interpretations and synthesis as required.