bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of digoxin in patients with heart failure and mid‐range (borderline) left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Abdul‐Rahim Azmil H. , Shen Li , Rush Christopher J. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Lees Kennedy R. , McMurray John J.V. ,   on behalf of the VICCTA‐Heart Failure Collaborators
Published: March 2018

AimsTo evaluate the effects of digoxin in patients with the newly described phenotype of heart failure (HF) and mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), attributed to mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction.Methods and resultsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of the Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) trial which had 7788 patients available for analysis with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ranging between 3% and 85%. We compared the effect of digoxin to placebo in three mutually exclusive groups of patients defined by LVEF category: <40% (HF with reduced LVEF, HFrEF, n = 5874), 40–49% (HFmrEF, n = 1195) and ≥50% (HF with preserved LVEF, HFpEF, n = 719). The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalisation. Patients with HFmrEF resembled patients with HFrEF, more than those with HFpEF, with respect to age, sex and aetiology but were more like HFpEF patients with respect to blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension. Event rates in patients with HFmrEF were similar to those in HFpEF and much lower than in HFrEF. Digoxin reduced the primary endpoint in patients with HFrEF, mainly due to reduced HF hospitalisation: the digoxin/placebo hazard ratio (HR) for HF hospitalisation was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.77]. The digoxin/placebo HR for HF hospitalisation in patients with HFmrEF was 0.80 (95% CI 0.63–1.03) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.62–1.17) in those with HFpEF. The digoxin/placebo HR for the composite of HF death or HF hospitalisation was 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.81) in HFrEF, 0.83 (95% CI 0.66–1.05) in HFmrEF and 0.88 (95% CI 0.65–1.19) in HFpEF.ConclusionsIn this study, event rates in patients with HFmrEF were closer to those in HFpEF than HFrEF. Digoxin had most effect on HF hospitalisation in patients with HFrEF, an intermediate effect in HFmrEF, and the smallest effect in HFpEF.
Effects of betamethasone on fetoplacental and maternal hemodynamics in preterm pregnancies
Authors: Inan Cihan , Sayin N. Cenk , Dolgun Zehra N. , Erzincan Selen G. , Uzun Isil , Sutcu Havva , Sut Necdet , Varol Fusun G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the possible effects of prenatal steroid administration on Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery, uterine artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus, the cerebroplacental ratio, and the amniotic fluid index in preterm fetuses.MethodsThe present prospective observational study was performed at the Perinatology Department of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey, between June 1, 2015, and September 1, 2016. It included patients with healthy singleton pregnancies who had received betamethasone at 24–34 weeks of pregnancy. Doppler parameters were measured before (0 hours) and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the administration of betamethasone (two intramuscular doses of 12 mg each, administered 24 hours apart).ResultsThere were 68 patients included. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated that, at 72 hours after betamethasone administration, the umbilical artery resistance index (P=0.038), the middle cerebral artery systolic/diastolic velocity ratio (P=0.007), and the amniotic fluid index (P=0.017) were reduced, whereas the end‐diastolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery was increased (P=0.012), compared with baseline values.ConclusionBetamethasone had favorable effects on fetal cerebral circulation, with increased end‐diastolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery; this could represent a positive effect on cerebral blood circulation and decreased flow resistance in the umbilical artery.
Trendbericht Makromolekulare Chemie 2017: Chemie
Authors: Sommer Michael , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDieser Trendbericht beschreibt vier Gebiete, von denen zu erwarten ist, dass sie in den kommenden Jahren noch bedeutender werden: Biokunststoffe, vernetzte Polymere, Nichtgleichgewichtsstrukturen und Synthese mit Licht. Im Vergleich zum letzten Jahr ergänzen nun internationale Beiträge die Literatur.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie 2017: Hauptgruppenelemente
Authors: Böttcher Tobias , Kretschmer Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHauptgruppenelemente: metallischer Wasserstoff? Benzol lässt sich durch Organocalciumnukleophile alkylieren. Eisen wird mit einem kohlenstofffreien Sandwich auf Diät gesetzt. Erstmals wurde ein Blei(II)‐Hydrid stabilisiert, und es gab die erste stabile Verbindung des als inert geltenden Heliums. Koordinationschemie und Bioanorganik: neutrale Porphyrinverbindung mit AuII‐Zentrum; zweiwertige Lanthanoidverbindungen reduzieren elementaren Schwefel zu Polysulfidionen; Si‐zentrierte Orbitale mischen bei einer heteroleptischen PuIV‐Sandwichverbindung mit. Außerdem: ein zweikerniges Hg‐vermitteltes Nukleobasenpaar aus einem Purinderivat und Thymin erweitert DNA‐templierte Metallnanocluster.
Trendbericht Festkörperchemie 2017
Authors: Birkel Christina , Zeier Wolfgang , Lunkenbein Thomas , Hlukhyy Viktor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGastrennung mit Schichtsilikaten, in deren Zwischenräumen sich ein organisches Säulenmaterial befindet; Nickel‐ und Cobalt‐Bor‐Katalysatoren hydrieren Citral selektiv an der C‐C‐ oder der C‐O‐Doppelbindung, und stabile Radikale speichern Sonnenenergie. Außerdem: ein neues Hochdruck‐Polymorph aus Molybdän und Sauerstoff, Koordinationspolymere aus Uranpentafluorid und Cyanwasserstoff sowie das Acetonitriltriidanion CCN3–.
Regionaltreffen der FCI‐Stipendiaten in Münster
Authors: Klauck Felix , Sitte Nikolai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn Münster präsentierten die Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie Mitte Dezember 2017 ihre Forschungsergebnisse. Insgesamt beteiligten sich 18 Doktoranden und Nachwuchsgruppenleiter von den Universitäten Paderborn, Oldenburg und Münster an dem fachlichen Austausch.
Trendbericht Chemiedidaktik 2017: Sprachaktivierung im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Becker Hans‐Jürgen , Kemper Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSprache hat Lern‐ und Verstehensfunktion und ist daher Voraussetzung für chemische Bildung. Aber Lernende haben Probleme sowohl mit Alltags‐ als auch mit Fachsprache. Diese Befunde haben Bildungs‐ und Forschungsaktivitäten stimuliert, um sprachsensiblen und sprachaktivierenden Chemieunterricht zu fördern. Die experimentell‐konzeptionelle Fachdidaktik erhöht ihre Sichtbarkeit innerhalb der chemischen Community, arbeitet daran, Alltagsphänomene für Chemieunterricht fassbar zu machen, und stellt Konzepte für einfache und preiswerte Geräte und Versuchaufbauten vor.
Regionales FCI‐Stipendiaten‐Treffen an der Universität Köln
Authors: Rosenbach Hannah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnfang Dezember 2017 trafen sich die Stipendiaten des Fonds der chemischen Industrie aus Aachen, Bonn, Köln und Düsseldorf auf Einladung von Hans‐Günther Schmalz an der Universität Köln.
Extrusion–calendering process of single‐polymer composites based on polyethylene
Authors: Wang Jian , Du Ziran , Lian Tong 
Published: March 2018

The extrusion–calendering process was realized successfully to produce the potential and easily recyclable single‐polymer composites (SPCs). This approach makes it possible to produce SPCs continuously and avoids the drawbacks involving a long cycle time, inconvenient operation, and expensive cost. Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric was prepared. Based on orthogonal and single factor experiments, the effects of die temperature, screw speed, and rolls speed were investigated. The tensile and interfacial properties of the LDPE/UHMWPE SPCs were evaluated through tensile and T‐peel tests. The best tensile strength of 78.8 ± 7 MPa was obtained in the LDPE/UHWMPE SPCs with a fiber volume fraction of 11.2% and a void content of 0.01%. The peel strength was significantly improved, 22.4 N/10 mm was achieved. The morphology observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further determined the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion and the effects of processing parameters. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2156–2165, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Covalently crosslinked mussel byssus protein‐based materials with tunable properties
Authors: Byette Frédéric , Marcotte Isabelle , Pellerin Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMussels’ anchoring threads, named byssus, are collagen‐rich fibers with outstanding mechanical properties. Our previous work has shown the possibility of producing a byssus protein hydrolyzate with good film‐forming ability, providing a promising new avenue for the preparation of biomaterials. Materials prepared from regenerated fibrous proteins often need additional treatments to reach the performance required for targeted applications. Here, we studied the effect of covalent crosslinking, using a carbodiimide or glutaraldehyde, on the mechanical properties and enzymatic resistance of byssus‐based materials. The results show that the mechanical properties of the films can be tuned, and that a higher crosslinking degree leads to increases in modulus and strength accompanied by a loss of extensibility. Structural analysis performed by infrared spectroscopy revealed that crosslinking induces an unexpected transition from aggregated strands to hydrated collagen/PPII‐related helical structures. The materials were nevertheless more resistant to collagenase degradation as a result of higher crosslinking density. This new set of materials prepared in aqueous environment could find a niche in tissue engineering.
A selective αvβ5 integrin antagonist hidden into the anophelin family protein cE5 from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Di Gaetano Sonia , Del Gatto Annarita , Pirone Luciano , Comegna Daniela , Zaccaro Laura , Saviano Michele , Arcà Bruno , Capasso Domenica , Pedone Emilia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA RGD motif was identified in the N‐terminal region of cE5, a potent salivary thrombin inhibitor from the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. A peptide (APQ30) encompassing the first 30 amino acids residues of the protein and including the RGD tripeptide was tested in cell adhesion assays and found to inhibit αvβ3 and αvβ5 mediated adhesion. A shorter peptide (APQ16), strongly conserved among members of the A. gambiae species complex and including only the first 16 residues, retained adhesion inhibitory properties, however with enhanced specificity toward αvβ5. In addition, migration and invasion assays showed its capacity to inhibit the invasiveness of the malignant cell lines HepG2 and MDA‐MB231. Altogether our data point to APQ16 as a new promising candidate as theranostic agent.
Die Zelle – erstaunlich physikalisch
Authors: Heinrich Doris , Götz Maria , Sackmann Erich 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEukaryotische Zellen sind mit Nanomaschinen ausgestattet. Diese spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Mechanik des Zellkeletts (Zytoskelett) sowie biologischen Steuer‐ und Regelsystemen der Zellen. Sie weisen erstaunliche Analogien zu technischen Systemen auf. Im Zytoskelett verspannen Mikrotubuli die durch Aktinfilamente versteifte Zellschale. Damit können die Zellen reversibel extrem deformiert werden. Sie erforschen ihre Umgebung über Ausstülpungen wie Filopodien. Über Pseudopodien, breitere Ausstülpungen, bewegen sie sich fort. Mechanische Kontakte als „Hardware“ und Signalübertragungssysteme zwischen den Zellen als „Software“ sichern ihr Überleben im Gewebe. Auf Änderungen ihrer Umgebung reagieren die Zellfunktionen auf universelle Weise über molekulare Selbstorganisation und Rückkopplungsmechanismen. Diese Ausstattung befähigt Zellen zum Migrieren im Körper, wie zum Beispiel weiße Blutzellen bei ihrer Jagd auf gefährliche Eindringlinge.
Jenseits des Mooreschen Gesetzes
Authors: Molter Tim , Nugent M. Alex 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Gehirn funktioniert fundamental anders als digitale Computer. Einen Computer mit vergleichbarem Verhältnis von Leistungsfähigkeit, Platzbedarf und Gewicht zu bauen, erfordert einen ganz neuen Ansatz. Ein Schlüssel hierzu könnten thermodynamische Bits sein. Sie bestehen aus zwei in Serie geschalteten Memristoren und lassen sich als künstliche Synapsen mit Befehlssätzen steuern.
Helmholtz auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Dosch Hans Günter , Hauck Matthias 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungHermann von Helmholtz entwickelte die Theorie der Hohlraumresonatoren. Diese spielen in der Akustik noch heute eine wichtige Rolle. Mit modernen, leicht zugänglichen elektronischen Geräten lässt sich seine Theorie leicht überprüfen. Hierbei wurden unterschiedliche Anregungsarten verwendet und der Vergleich mit dem Resonanzspektrum einer Bierflasche durchgeführt.
SpaceTime from Hilbert Space: Decompositions of Hilbert Space as Instances of Time
Authors: Noorbala Mahdiyar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere has been recent interest in identifying entanglement as the fundamental concept from which space may emerge. We note that the particular way that a Hilbert space is decomposed into tensor factors is important in what the resulting geometry looks like. We then propose that time may be regarded as a variable that parameterizes a family of such decompositions, thus giving rise to a family of spatial geometries. As a proof of concept, this idea is demonstrated in two toy models based on Kitaev's toric code, which feature a dynamical change of dimension and topology.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive Molecularly Imprinted Poly[allylacetoacetate/N‐vinyl caprolactam] for Selective Extraction of Gemcitabine in Biological Samples
Authors: Gomar Maryam , Panahi Homayon Ahmad , Pournamdari Elham 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new analytical method was developed involving a drug imprinted polymer according to polymerization with N‐vinyl caprolactam as a thermo‐sensitive monomer, allylacetoacetate as a functional monomer, N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a cross‐linker agent, gemcitabine as a template and azobis isobutyronitrile as an initiator. The effect of time, pH and temperature on adsorption of gemcitabine has been investigated. Some techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used for determination of drug imprinted polymer. The drug imprinted polymer was used as a solid‐phase extractant to determine trace amount of gemcitabine in biological human fluids. It is found that the drug imprinted polymer sorbent extracted gemcitabine selectively. The profile of gemcitabine uptake with the new sorbent showed good accessibility of the reactive sites in the imprinted polymer sorbent. From the mathematical calculation, the equilibrium adsorption data of gemcitabine by imprinted polymer were evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The introduced method was successfully used for determination of gemcitabine in pharmaceutical and human urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography with great results.
The Dissociation Mechanism of Poly‐α‐methylstyrene (PAMS) Dimers Induced by Spin Polarization
Authors: Yu Tianrong , Wang Jia , Jiang Wanrun , Zhang Zhanwen , Zhu Yu , Tang Yongjian , Wang Zhigang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo understand the last step of degradation mechanical of the poly‐α‐methylstyrene (PAMS), we studied the fracture mechanism of PAMS dimers. The calculations show that the PAMS dimer has two different spin‐polarized effects dissociation reaction paths. Interestingly, one path is ferromagnetic coupling triplet state, which needed to overcome the energy barrier is about 0.80 eV and corresponding to an endothermic reaction. While, another path is the antiferromagnetic coupling spin‐polarized singlet state, which needed to overcome the energy barrier is only about 0.03 eV with an exothermic reaction. Both the electron density difference and the energy decomposition show that the interaction between the two monomers is relatively strong in the transition state (TS) of singlet. This is because, in the TS of singlet state, the distance between the two monomers is closer. Our results highlight that the last dissociation of PAMS and another polymer may be through the antiferromagnetic path and which able to complete spontaneously and quickly. This finding removes a possibility of mass spectrometry experiments that origin of degradation of dimer products, and is helpful to understand the degradation process for materials.
Clinical glycomics for the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurulamin , Lefeber Dirk J. , van Scherpenzeel Monique 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClinical glycomics comprises a spectrum of different analytical methodologies to analyze glycan structures, which provides insights into the mechanisms of glycosylation. Within clinical diagnostics, glycomics serves as a functional readout of genetic variants, and can form a basis for therapy development, as was described for PGM1‐CDG. Integration of glycomics with genomics has resulted in the elucidation of previously unknown disorders of glycosylation, namely CCDC115‐CDG, TMEM199‐CDG, ATP6AP1‐CDG, MAN1B1‐CDG, and PGM1‐CDG. This review provides an introduction into protein glycosylation and presents the different glycomics methodologies ranging from gel electrophoresis to mass spectrometry (MS) and from free glycans to intact glycoproteins. The role of glycomics in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is presented, including a diagnostic flow chart and an overview of glycomics data of known CDG subtypes. The review ends with some future perspectives, showing upcoming technologies as system wide mapping of the N‐ and O‐glycoproteome, intact glycoprotein profiling and analysis of sugar metabolism. These new advances will provide additional insights and opportunities to develop personalized therapy. This is especially true for inborn errors of metabolism, which are amenable to causal therapy, because interventions through supplementation therapy can directly target the pathogenesis at the molecular level.
Principles for central nervous system inflammation research: A call for a consortium approach
Authors: Rogers Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionNeuroinflammation is now considered to be of pathophysiologic significance in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. Nonetheless, there is no consensus as to what inflammatory mechanisms need to be combated (or facilitated), how therapies for them should be applied, or when they might be efficacious.MethodsThis article seeks to put forward cornerstone facts about neuroinflammation, with suggestions for future directions.ResultsMultiple scientific points about neuroinflammation still remain unaddressed. The main issue, however, is political. An expert body is needed that can sort through the myriad findings and provide consensus advice to agencies that fund basic and clinical research.DiscussionConsortium approaches have shown immense value in other Alzheimer's disease research areas and are badly needed in neuroinflammation research. Lacking a consensus, neuroinflammation is just a very large number of isolated articles clamoring for attention.
Synaptic vesicle cycle and amyloid β: Biting the hand that feeds
Authors: Ovsepian Saak V. , O'Leary Valerie B. , Zaborszky Laszlo , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Dolly J. Oliver 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC) holds center stage in the biology of presynaptic terminals. Through recurrent exocytosis and endocytosis, it facilitates a sequence of events enabling chemical neurotransmission between functionally related neurons. As a fundamental process that links the interior of nerve cells with their environment, the SVC is also critical for signaling and provides an entry route for a range of pathogens and toxins, enabling detrimental effects. In Alzheimer's disease, the SVC is both the prime site of amyloid β production and toxicity. In this study, we discuss the emerging evidence for physiological and pathological effects of Aβ on various stages of the SVC, from postfusion membrane recovery to trafficking, docking, and priming of vesicles for fusion and transmitter release. Understanding of the mechanisms of Aβ interaction with the SVC within the unifying calcium hypothesis of aging and Alzheimer's disease should further elucidate the fundamental biology of the presynaptic terminal and reveal novel therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related dementias.
Wind-tunnel tests of the ERICA tiltrotor optimised air-intake
Authors: Gibertini G. , Zanotti A. , Campanardi G. , Auteri F. , Zagaglia D. , Crosta G. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWind-tunnel tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based air-intake duct shape optimisation of the European platform tiltrotor ERICA. A 1/2.5 scale model including the nacelle, the external portion of the wing and two interchangeable internal ducts reproducing the baseline and optimised shape were manufactered to be tested in the large wind tunnel of Politecnico di Milano. Moreover, tests were carried out with the model equipped with rotating blade stubs. The comprehensive experimental campaign included tests reproducing different forward flight conditions of the aircraft including cruise and conversion phases. The evaluation of the internal duct performance was carried out by measuring total pressure losses and flow distortion by directional probes at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). Additional pressure measurements were carried out on the internal surface of the duct to compare the pressure distributions along the air-intake. The experimental results confirmed that the optimised duct offers significantly improved performance with respect to the baseline configuration not only in cruise, representing the flight condition considered for the CFD optimisation, but also for the conversion condition. In particular, a remarkable reduction of the total pressure drop at the AIP was found with the optimised duct with the only exception for the stubs-on configuration in cruise. Indeed, the present investigation highlighted that the design of the blade stubs, particularly their length, represents a very critical aspect for air-intake performance tests due to significant disturbances that could be induced by the stubs’ wake on the internal duct flow.
Virer et tourner attributifs: De l'analyse quantitative des cooccurrences aux contrastes sémantiques
Authors: Lauwers Peter , Van Wettere Niek 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLa présente contribution porte sur tourner et virer, deux verbes attributifs (p. ex. elle a viré/tourné folle) qui ne sont pas encore reconnus pleinement par la tradition grammaticale normative ni dans les travaux des linguistes. Elle vise à établir le profil distributionnel / collocationnel de ces deux verbes qui semblent opérer dans le même domaine sémantico-fonctionnel, afin de mettre à nu les subtiles divergences au niveau de leur profil sémantique. Celles-ci sont rattachées à la sémantique de base du verbe lexical, laissant entrevoir dans ces emplois grammaticalisés des effets dus à la « persistance lexicale » (lexical persistence). Afin d'objectiver au maximum les profils distributionnels des deux verbes (et partant leur profil sémantique), les outils statistiques offerts par la méthode collostructionnelle (Stefanowitsch et Gries 2003; Gries et Stefanowitsch 2004) sont mis à profit. En outre, la combinaison de l'approche collocationnelle et de l'analyse morphosyntaxique amène à distinguer l'emploi proprement attributif des deux verbes d'un emploi directionnel abstrait homonymique (l'entreprise a viré solaire), qui est encore proche de la construction prépositionnelle (virer à / tourner à).