bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity bias among preclinical and clinical chiropractic students and faculty at an integrative health care institution: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kadar Gena E. , Thompson H. Garrett 
Published: July 2018

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of obesity bias among preclinical and clinical chiropractic students and faculty at an integrative health care academic institution.Methods:This was a cross-sectional quantitative, single-method survey with group comparison using the Beliefs About Obese Persons scale (BAOP) and the Attitudes Toward Obese Persons scale. Both instruments were administered as a single 28 question survey via email to 450 students and 46 faculty members in a doctor of chiropractic (DC) program. Differences were determined by 2 tailed t tests.Results:The response rate for faculty and students was 31% and 65%, respectively. One hundred forty-three DC students, preclinical (n = 65) and clinical (n = 78), and 30 DC faculty, preclinical (n = 15) and clinical (n = 15) completed the survey. Both students and faculty harbored antiobesity attitudes and moderate antiobesity beliefs. Students demonstrated slightly more positive attitudes toward obese persons than did preclinical faculty. Although preclinical faculty did not demonstrate more biased attitudes than did preclinical students (p = .057), they were more biased than clinical students (p = .26). On the BAOP, preclinical faculty scored significantly lower than both preclinical students and clinical students (p = .013 and .017, respectively).Conclusion:Obesity bias was common among clinical and preclinical chiropractic students and faculty at our institution. A cultural shift that reduces bias may require changes in both the curriculum and cocurriculum.
Osteoblast‐Derived Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles Induce Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gaur Deepanjali , Yogalakshmi Yamini , Kulanthaivel Senthilguru , Agarwal Tarun , Mukherjee Devdeep , Prince Ashutosh , Tiwari Anuj , Maiti Tapas K. , Pal Kunal , Giri Supratim , Saleem Mohammed , Banerjee Indranil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExosome‐mediated differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) has opened up a new possibility for the directed osteogenic differentiation of hMSC by the osteoblast‐derived vesicles. Here, it is hypothesized that giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) generated from osteoblast, can direct the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. GPMVs having different membrane characteristics are generated from osteoblast cells (MG‐63) using chemical vesiculants. It is deciphered that there is a treatment‐dependent variation in the size and complexity in the GPMVs. It is also showed a variation in lipid composition among the GPMVs. It is demonstrated that GPMVs can be fused with hMSC in vitro and such fusion has no detrimental effect on the viability of hMSC. Further, it is showed that there is a significant increase in the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers in GPMV‐fused hMSC at protein and mRNA level. A close correlation between the extent of fusion and the degree of osteogenic differentiation is observed. The GPMV reported here may be explored for future application in bone tissue engineering.
Acellular Cauda Equina Allograft as Main Material Combined with Biodegradable Chitin Conduit for Regeneration of Long‐Distance Sciatic Nerve Defect in Rats
Authors: Sun Xun , Wang Yu , Guo Zhiyuan , Xiao Bo , Sun Zhen , Yin Heyong , Meng Haoye , Sui Xiang , Zhao Qing , Guo Quanyi , Wang Aiyuan , Xu Wenjing , Liu Shuyun , Li Yaojun , Lu Shibi , Peng Jiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAutologous nerve grafting (ANG), the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve defects, still has many restrictions. In this study, the acellular cauda equina allograft (ACEA), which consists of biodegradable chitin conduit and acellular cauda equina, is developed. The cauda equina is able to complete decellularization more quickly and efficiently than sciatic nerves under the same conditions, and it is able to reserve more basal lamina tube. In vitro, ACEA shows superior guidance capacity for the regeneration of axons and migration of Schwann cells compared to acellular sciatic nerve allograft (ASNA) in dorsal root ganglion culture. In vivo, ACEA is used to bridge 15 mm long‐distance defects in rat sciatic nerves. On day 21 after transplantation, the regenerative distance of neurofilaments in the grafting segment is not significantly different between the ACEA and ANG groups. At week 12, ACEA group shows better sciatic nerve repair than chitin conduit only and ASNA groups, and the effect is similar to that in the ANG group as determined by gait analysis, neural electrophysiological, and histological analyses. The above results suggest that the ACEA has the potential to become a new biological material as a replacement for autografting in the treatment of long‐distance nerve defects.
Colloidal Lithography Meets Plasmonic Nanochemistry
Authors: Wang Zengyao , Ai Bin , Möhwald Helmuth , Zhang Gang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColloidal lithography (CL) is a newly developing nanofabrication technique and can produce various nanostructures at low cost and large scale. The CL‐based nanostructures offer great performances in plasmonics, which holds a unique capability to concentrate light into subwavelength volumes. Valuable physics effects accompanied with plasmonics, such as heat generation, optical near‐field enhancement, and excitation of hot electrons have been verified to benefit chemistry reactions, leading to a new field of plasmonic nanochemistry. Starting from CL, by way of plasmonic nanostructures, toward chemistry reaction, it shows a powerful strategy to develop all these three research areas, like the silk road which has a wide profit. In this scenario, a nanoscale “silk road” from CL to plasmonic nanochemistry is presented. Recent plasmonic nanostructures fabricated via CL are summarized and are morphologically classified into multilayer, hierarchical, hollow, asymmetric, and other nanostructures. Mechanism and development of plasmonics nanochemistry are introduced. Application prospects of several unique CL‐based structures will be expected. Finally, challenges and perspectives are offered to inspire more ingenious developments of using CL in plasmonic nanochemistry.
Global Artificial Photosynthesis and Renewable Energy Storage and Policy for the Sustainocene
Authors: Faunce Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAmong developing strategies for renewable energy conversion and storage, artificial photosynthesis (AP) has many long‐term advantages over currently favored strategies such as small‐ and large‐scale lithium‐ion batteries. Such advantages may not be clearly revealed by recent methods of AP including hybrid nanotechnology–synthetic biology systems. This paper critiques some of these recent developments in the context of the long‐term goal of integrating AP (conducted without enslaving biological life) into every road and building on the Earth's surface. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of this as a long‐term energy storage solution and reflects on how such disadvantages may be overcome.
Progress and Future Perspectives on Li(Na)–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Cai Fengshi , Hu Zhe , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLi(Na)–CO2 batteries are attracting significant research attention due to contemporary energy and environmental issues. Li(Na)–CO2 batteries make possible the utilization of CO2 and open up a new avenue for energy conversion and storage. Research on this system is currently in its infancy, and its development is still faced with many challenges in terms of high charge potential, weak rate capability, and poor cyclability. Moreover, the reaction mechanism in the battery is still unclear and hard to determine, due to the generation of carbon along with metal carbonates on the cathode. In this review, the authors present the fundamentals and the latest progress related to Li(Na)–CO2 research. Detailed discussions are provided on the electrochemical reactions on cathode, cathode materials, and electrolytes. Current challenges and future perspectives on Li(Na)–CO2 batteries are also proposed.
Nitric oxide‐releasing microparticles as a potent antimicrobial therapeutic against chronic rhinosinusitis bacterial isolates
Authors: Abuzeid Waleed M. , Girish Vallerinteavide Mavelli , Fastenberg Judd H. , Draganski Andrew R. , Lee Andrew Y. , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Friedman Joel M. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundBacteria, particularly in the biofilm state, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and enhance antibiotic resistance. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous immunomodulator with antimicrobial activity and a short half‐life, complicating achievement of therapeutic concentrations. We hypothesized that a novel microparticle‐based delivery platform, which allows for adjustable release of NO, could exhibit potent antibacterial effects.MethodsPorous organosilica microparticles (SNO‐MP) containing nitrosylated thiol groups were formulated. Dissociation of the nitrosothiol groups generates NO at body temperature. The susceptibility of bacterial isolates from CRS patients to SNO‐MP was evaluated through a colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Serial dilutions of SNO‐MP in triplicate were incubated with isolates in suspension for 6 hours followed by plating on tryptic soy agar and overnight incubation followed by CFU quantification. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS using one‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction.ResultsSNO‐MP displayed antibacterial activity against gram‐positive (methicillin‐resistant and ‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Proteus mirabilis) isolates. SNO‐MP induced dose‐dependent reductions in CFU across all strains. Compared with controls and blank nanoparticles, SNO‐MP (10 mg/mL) induced a 99.99%‐100% reduction in CFU across all isolates, equivalent to a 5–9 log kill (p < 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in CFU concentration between controls and blank microparticles.ConclusionSNO‐MP demonstrates potent bactericidal effect against antibiotic‐resistant CRS bacterial strains.
Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation Using Phos‐Tag Gels
Authors: Nagy Zoltan , Comer Shane , Smolenski Albert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhos‐tag gels are recent tools to dissect protein phosphorylation that operate by inducing a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of phosphorylated proteins compared to their nonphosphorylated counterparts. This article describes the preparation and electrophoresis of Zn2+‐Phos‐tag gels along with electrotransfer of the separated phospho‐ and nonphosphoproteins onto a PVDF membrane using either wet‐tank or semidry transfer. We also discuss the theory behind the technology with critical parameters to keep in mind for its successful application. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spotted Owls and forest fire: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence
Authors: Lee Derek E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractForest and Spotted Owl management documents often state that severe wildfire is a cause of recent declines in populations of Spotted Owls and that mixed‐severity fires (5–70% of burned area in high‐severity patches with >75% mortality of dominant vegetation) pose a primary threat to Spotted Owl population viability. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize all available scientific literature on the effects of wildfire on Spotted Owl demography and ecology from studies using empirical data to answer the question: How does fire, especially recent mixed‐severity fires with representative patches of high‐severity burn within their home ranges, affect Spotted Owl foraging habitat selection, demography, and site occupancy parameters? Fifteen papers reported 50 effects from fire that could be differentiated from post‐fire logging. Meta‐analysis of mean standardized effects (Hedge's d) found only one parameter was significantly different from zero, a significant positive foraging habitat selection for low‐severity burned forest. Multi‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regressions (hierarchical models) of Hedge's d against percent of study area burned at high severity and time since fire found the following: a negative correlation of occupancy with time since fire; a positive effect on recruitment immediately after the fire, with the effect diminishing with time since fire; reproduction was positively correlated with the percent of high‐severity fire in owl territories; and positive selection for foraging in low‐ and moderate‐severity burned forest, with high‐severity burned forest used in proportion to its availability, but not avoided. Meta‐analysis of variation found significantly greater variation in parameters from burned sites relative to unburned, with specifically higher variation in estimates of occupancy, demography, and survival, and lower variation in estimates of selection probability for foraging habitat in low‐severity burned forest. Spotted Owls were usually not significantly affected by mixed‐severity fire, as 83% of all studies and 60% of all effects found no significant impact of fire on mean owl parameters. Contrary to current perceptions and recovery efforts for the Spotted Owl, mixed‐severity fire does not appear to be a serious threat to owl populations; rather, wildfire has arguably more benefits than costs for Spotted Owls.
Distribution patterns of desert plant diversity and relationship to soil properties in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Li Shanjia , Su Peixi , Zhang Haina , Zhou Zijuan , Xie Tingting , Shi Rui , Gou Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe study on the patterns of plant species diversity and the factors influencing these patterns forms the basis of ecology and is fundamental to conservation biology. In this paper, desert plant species diversity and soil properties (nutrient and texture) were investigated along desert region of the Heihe River Basin (HRB) to determine whether soil environmental factors influenced desert plant species diversity. We found a total of 44 shrub and herb species belonging to 40 genera of 17 families. The largest family was the Compositae, accounting for 25.0% of the total. Twenty‐four survey plots were clustered into eight plant community types. The Margalef richness (D), Simpson dominance (C), Pielou evenness (Jsw), and Shannon‐wiener (H) index differed significantly among community types. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed a relatively strong relationship between the species diversity and soil environmental factors. The first RDA axis accounted for 80.5% and 81.8% of the variation in soil nutrient and texture properties, respectively, but was not statistically significant. RDA suggested that total phosphorus (TP) and medium sand (0.25–0.5 mm) content were the only two statistically significant factors in the study area. Both classification and ordination resulted in a clear demonstration of the spatial variability of community and soil properties. In general, the distribution pattern of desert plant community was mainly related to soil nutrient and texture properties factors, but the relation was not strong. This study provides insights into desert plant diversity and community conservation of Inland HRB in arid desert ecosystems.
Evaluation of standing‐sitting support system with passive rotational seat mechanism in standing motion
Authors: Sogo Hiroyuki , Henmi Tomohiro , Shobako Shinichiro , Ishii Kohei , Eto Suguru , Ogata Yuta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince a decrease in muscle mass of elderly people, the physical burden of them in standing‐sitting motion of a seat are increasing than young people. For this problem, several standing‐sitting support systems have been developed, and evaluations of these systems focusing on a reduction of physical load have been discussed. However, these evaluations are of support systems with an active actuators or of support systems when they use a handrail and a standing aid. Thus, an evaluation of a support system with only passive actuators has not been reported. In this paper, in standing motion with using a standing‐sitting support system with passive rotational seat mechanism which our group proposes, we objectively evaluate an effectiveness of the passive rotational seat mechanism by statistical analysis.
An Integrated Real‐time Electrochemical LAMP Device for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection in Food
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Tao , Liu Shao‐Chung , Huang Chih‐Hung , Lin Chun‐Ju , Huang Sheng‐Tung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel, integrated, real‐time electrochemical loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) device for pathogen detection in food was developed. The electrochemical LAMP device for detection of the vt gene in E. coli O157 : H7 and invA gene in Salmonella enterica was implemented with DNA intercalating probes‐methylene blue. To improve assay efficiency, the optimal concentration of MB was determined to be 30 μM. The real‐time electrochemical LAMP results of gene serial dilutions were compared to the fluorescence‐based detection method. For E. coli O157 and Salmonella, the assay detection limits were 10 DNA copies and 1 DNA copy, respectively, in a reaction time of less than 30 min. The electrochemical and optical LAMP method analyses were realized with 10 % milk to simulate the turbid environment of real food samples. In real‐time LAMP of Salmonella in a turbid environment, the detection limit of 10 copies without pretreatment was possible using the electrochemical method only. Our electrochemical device was used for bacterial detection in 150 turbid food samples, including juice, milk, and soy milk. This electrochemical device has many advantages, including size, portability, high specificity, and high sensitivity, while also being a user‐friendly device that provides stable signals. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this new electrochemical device demonstrates the best performance for bacterial detection in the rapid contaminated food detection category.
Selective role of Na+/H+ exchanger in Cx3cr1+ microglial activation, white matter demyelination, and post‐stroke function recovery
Authors: Song Shanshan , Wang Shaoxia , Pigott Victoria M. , Jiang Tong , Foley Lesley M. , Mishra Abhishek , Nayak Rachana , Zhu Wen , Begum Gulnaz , Shi Yejie , Carney Karen E. , Hitchens T. Kevin , Shull Gary E. , Sun Dandan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNa+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) activation is required for multiple microglial functions. We investigated effects of selective deletion of microglial Nhe1 in Cx3cr1‐CreER;Nhe1f/f mice on neuroinflammation and tissue repair after ischemic stroke. Infarct volume was similar in corn oil or tamoxifen (Tam)‐treated mice at 48 hr and 14 days post‐stroke. However, the Tam‐treated mice showed significantly higher survival rate and faster neurological function recovery during day 1–14 post‐stroke. Deletion of microglial Nhe1 prevented the elevation of CD11b+/CD45low‐med microglia in the ischemic hemisphere at day 3 post‐stroke, but stimulated expression of Ym1, CD68, TGF‐β, IL‐10, decreased expression of CD86 and IL‐1β, and reduced GFAP+ reactive astrocytes. Moreover, at day 14 post‐stroke, enhanced white matter myelination was detected in the microglial Nhe1 deleted mice. In comparison, neuronal Nhe1‐null mice (the CamKII‐Cre+/−;Nhe1f/f mice) showed a significant reduction in both acute and subacute infarct volume, along with increased survival rate and moderate neurological function recovery. However, these neuronal Nhe1‐null mice did not exhibit reduced activation of CD11b+/CD45low‐med microglia or CD11b+/CD45hi macrophages in the ischemic brains, and they exhibited no reductions in white matter lesions. Taken together, this study demonstrated that deletion of microglial and neuronal Nhe1 had differential effects on ischemic brain damage. Microglial NHE1 is involved in pro‐inflammatory responses during post‐stroke brain tissue repair. In contrast, neuronal NHE1 activation is directly associated with the acute ischemic neuronal injury but not inflammation. Our study reveals that NHE1 protein is a potential therapeutic target critical for differential regulation of ischemic neuronal injury, demyelination and tissue repair.
Variations in stakeholders' priorities and views on randomisation and funding decisions in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: An exploratory study
Authors: von Vopelius‐Feldt Johannes , Brandling Janet , Benger Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsPrehospital critical care for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a complex and largely unproven intervention. During research to examine this intervention, we noted significant differences in stakeholders' views about research, randomisation, and the funding of prehospital critical care for OHCA. We aimed to answer the following questions: What are stakeholders' priorities for prehospital research? What are stakeholders' views on randomisation of prehospital critical care? How do stakeholders consider allocation of resources in prehospital care?MethodsWe undertook an explanatory qualitative framework analysis of interviews and focus group with 5 key stakeholder groups: patients and public, air ambulance charities, ambulance service commissioners, prehospital researchers, and prehospital critical care providers.ResultsWe undertook 3 focus group discussions with a total of 23 participants and 8 interviews with a total of 9 participants. Despite sharing a common appreciation of the concepts of scientific enquiry, fairness, and beneficence, the 5 relevant stakeholder groups displayed divergent views of research and funding strategies regarding the intervention of prehospital critical care for the condition of OHCA. The reasons for this divergence could largely be explained through the different personal experiences and situational contexts of each stakeholder group. Many aspects of the strategies suggested by the stakeholder groups only partially aligned with principles of traditional evidence‐based medicine, but were held with strong conviction.DiscussionAnalysis of the views of 5 stakeholder groups regarding research and the funding of prehospital critical care for OHCA revealed shared values but a variety of different strategies to achieve these. This knowledge can help researchers in similar fields in the planning and presentation of their research, to maximise impact on decision making.
Regular Figures, Minimal Transitivity, and Reticular Chemistry
Authors: Liu Yuzhong , O'Keeffe Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReticular chemistry is concerned with the design and synthesis of targeted framework structures by linking molecular building units with pre‐selected shapes. In this article, we review the geometrical aspects of the subject. In particular, the concept of minimal transitivity is introduced as a guideline to identify types of framework that are most suitable as targets for synthesis.