bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimización en el proceso de obtención de Compost y Biol
Authors: Borja Mayorga Danielita Fernanda , María Augusta Guadalupe Alcocer , Yungán Cazar Juan Carlos , Andrade Mónica , Barriga Pablo , Brito Moina Hannibal Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

La obtención de compost y bioles en el tratamiento integral de los derivados sólidos y líquidos (compost - biol) de la materia orgánica y de impropios (lixiviados) se basa en la adecuada gestión integral de residuos sólidos que la Empresa Pública Municipal Mancomunada de Aseo Integral de Pallatanga, Cumandá y General Antonio Elizalde –Bucay, “EMMAI-BCP-EP”, para cual, se realizó un muestreo del proceso de elaboración de compost que la empresa obtiene; posteriormente, se procedió a efectuar las pruebas de caracterización, de esta manera se verificó que el producto elaborado por la misma no cumplía con los requisitos, por lo que, se evidenció la necesidad de optimizar el proceso de producción, por lo que, se efectuaron caracterizaciones del tamo y melaza a usarse. Posteriormente se determinó la cantidad de residuos orgánicos, tamo y melaza que fueron necesarios para la elaboración.
Se determinó la producción de residuos orgánicos de 16802,52 kg/ día y se consideró la creación de 4 tipos de pilas diferentes cuyo objetivo fue determinar cuál de estas era la más idónea para estandarizarlo en el proceso del área de compostaje. La pila con mejores características tuvo el tamaño adecuado y la cantidad necesaria de residuos orgánicos, tamo y melaza y con su respectivo monitoreo para que el proceso fuese lo más eficaz posible, así la pila tuvo 900 kg de residuos orgánicos, 100 kg de tamo y 0,2725 kg de melaza, sin uso de plásticos y monitoreo diario adecuado. Finalmente, el compost resultante obtuvo 7,6 pH, 24,26 en relación carbono/nitrógeno y un tiempo final de 1 mes. Se concluyó que el proceso garantizó un compost de mejor calidad, y se evitó la contaminación del sector por derrame de biol, por lo que se recomienda, implementar este proceso y usar correctamente maquinaria y equipo personal de la empresa.
Crema de uso dermatológico a partir de la larva de chontacuro (Rhynchophorus Palmarum)
Authors: Borja Mayorga Danielita Fernanda , Salazar Llangarí Karina Gabriela , Flores Linda Mariuxi , Villota García Verónica Paola , Hanníbal Lorenzo Brito Moina 
Published: June 2019

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el diseño de un proceso industrial para la obtención de una crema de uso dermatológico a partir de la larva de Rhynchophorus palmarum (Chontaduro). El diseño se basó en cálculos de ingeniería, para ello se propuso diferentes formulaciones de crema base con distintas concentraciones de extracto graso de Chontaduro, que posteriormente fueron sometidas a pruebas de estabilidad preliminar en donde se realizaron análisis físico–químicos y microbiológicos, que permitieron determinar la calidad de la materia prima y del producto. Además de obtener las condiciones de diseño y de la determinación de las variables de proceso. El proceso consta de un mezclador y dos tanques para fase oleosa y fase acuosa con un rendimiento del 95 %, la caracterización físico-química y microbiológica de la crema se comparó con valores de bibliografía y en base al Reglamento Técnico Ecuatoriano RTE INEN 093 “Productos Cosméticos”, obteniéndose un pH = 5,6 = 8000cP, =1,409 g/ml, cenizas =0,05 % y ausencia de bacterias contaminante (Pseudomona aeruginosa, Eschericha coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Microorganismos mesofilos totales >10 UFC/g).por lo que el proceso de obtención se validó. Se realizó una encuesta para determinar la aceptabilidad del producto y evaluar los atributos de calidad como el aspecto, consistencia, olor y color encontrándose resultados muy favorables, con lo que se plantea una solución para el aprovechamiento e industrialización de recursos propios del país que son considerados como plagas.
Procesos Electroquímicos de Oxidación Avanzados en la degradación de los ácidos trans-cinámico y trans-ferúlico
Authors: Flores Tapia Nelly Esther , Roman Rodríguez Maecker , Coba Cabrera Raquel Leticia , Vélez Ortiz Josué Jairo , Sirés Sadornil Ignacio , Brillas Coso Enric 
Published: June 2019

En este artículo, se discutirá la degradación de los ácidos trans-cinámico y trans-ferúlico a través de procesos electroquímicos de oxidación avanzados (PEOAs) tales como la oxidación anódica con H2O2 electro generado (OA-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) y fotoelectro-Fenton (FEF). En un reactor de tanque agitado, a 25 ° C, equipado con un ánodo de 3 cm2 de diamante dopado con boro (BDD) y un cátodo de carbono de difusión de aire de politetrafluoroetileno de 3 cm2, se electrolizó 100 ml de soluciones conteniendo 200 mg L-1 de carbono orgánico total (COT) en Na2SO4 0.05 M a pH 3.0 aplicando densidades de corriente desde 16.67 hasta 100 mA cm-2 durante 360 minutos.
En los experimentos de EF y FEF, se añadió Fe2+ 0.50 mM como catalizador de la reacción de Fenton, mientras que en FEF, la solución se irradió con luz UVA. La capacidad de oxidación de los ácidos con los PEOAs aumentó en secuencia OA-H2O2<EF<FEF para ambos ácidos. Se observó mayor degradación del ácido trans-cinámico durante los PEOAs. A pesar que las moléculas del ácido trans-cinámico y ácido trans-ferúlico, poseen una estructura química similar, éstos se degradaron de forma muy diferente entre sí con los PEOAs aplicados
Colorantes naturales para uso alimenticio
Authors: Villota García Verónica Paola , Bonilla Lucero Marina Leonor , Segura Mestanza José Homero , Coba Carrera Raquel Leticia , Brito Moina Hanníbal Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

La investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener colorantes vegetales a partir de espinaca, berro, y brócoli para uso alimenticio. Como primer punto se hizo una caracterización fisicoquímica de la materia prima; después se realizó el proceso de secado que se efectuó en tres equipos: bandejas, liofilizador, y atomizador. Para encontrar la temperatura ideal de secado en cada equipo se realizó curvas de secado a temperatura de 50 0C, 55 0C y 60 0C para la espinaca y berro, mientras que para el brócoli se efectuó a temperaturas de 40 0C, 50 0C y 60 0C, en el secado por atomización se trabajó dentro de un rango de 1150C-1300C. Como tercer paso se procedió a la molienda para el proceso de liofilizado y secado por bandejas, después se aplicó el método de extracción Soxhlet en donde se ingresó nueve gramos de espinaca, berro, y brócoli, este método es un tipo de extracción sólido-líquido en el cual se empleó una disolución de etanol-agua 3:1, posteriormente se procedió a almacenarlo a una temperatura de -4 0C, también se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de los colorantes naturales donde se hizo ensayos como: el índice de refracción, ensayos en el espectrofotómetro para la identificación de la clorofila; con estos análisis se determinó que el mejor método de secado es por bandejas a temperatura para la espinaca y berro de 50 0C, y para el brócoli fue a 40 0C, presentando mejor rendimiento. Además, se efectuaron pruebas según la norma oficial mexicana nom-119-ssal-1994 en el laboratorio SAQMIC donde se estableció que se obtuvo un colorante de calidad, ya que cumple con parámetros de la normativa. Finalmente, se realizó la validación del producto de yogurt natural Tony y crema chantilly para esta validación hay que tener encuenta la purificación del etanol para obtener excelentes resultados.
Health Manpower Forecasting: A systematic Review for Models and Approaches
Authors: Rafiei Sima , Abdollahzade Sina , Hashemi Fariba 
Published: June 2019

Background: An appropriate planning requires forecasting the demand and supply of health manpower in an accurate manner.
Objectives: The paper objective was to review health manpower forecasting approaches and methods and propose the improvement features for effectiveness of health manpower planning.
Data sources: A systematic review was conducted for studies published in English from 1970-2014 using Pub Med, Science Direct, Pro Quest, and Google Scholar databases.
Study eligibility criteria: Review articles, qualitative studies, questionnaire driven surveys, retrospective and prospective studies describing or applying various types of forecasting approaches and methods in health manpower forecasting were included in the review.
Data collection and study appraisal: Two reviewers (SR and MA) independently appraised the studies to identify relevant ones to be included in the review.
Results: A total of 128 studies were included in the review. As a result, two main categories of approaches (conceptual and analytical) for health manpower forecasting were identified with their strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusions: Future forecasting methods should benefit from advantages of current approaches and overcome some of their main limitations. Applying a method which incorporates a wide range of factors affecting supply and demand, facilitates the collection of good quality data, monitors changing trends over time, considers the uncertainty of health systems and has a dynamic approach is proposed as an improvement roadmap for future forecasting.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.458-472
Human Leukocyte Antigen Genetic Variations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients that were positive for HLA-DQB1*0602.
Authors: Qatarneh ThamerA Fattah Al , Mohammad Momany Suleiman , Mohammad Abuharfil Nizar , Mahasneh Amjad Abduallah , Khader Yousef Saleh , Daoud Ammar Khaled 
Published: June 2019

Background: Genetic variations in the HLA system may cause susceptibility to a large number of autoimmune and infectious diseases, and the complexity of HLA makes it hard to investigate HLA types associated with diseases. The association between HLA and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is not well investigated due to the complexity of OSA pathogenesis; including genetic and non-genetic in different populations. Our previous study using PCR-SSPs technique showed that HLA-DQB1*0602 allele is associated with almost 6 times increase in risk in North Jordan OSA patients.
Aim: The aim of this study was to see if there are any HLA genetic variations using DNA sequencing technique in the region in which HLA-DQB1*0602 is located that might interact with HLA-DQB1*0602 and affect OSA development in OSA patients who were positive for HLA-DQB1*0602 allele.
Result: The DNA sequencing results showed 8 nucleotide substitution variations, which are p.G77E (c.230G>A), p.R80R (c.240C>G), p.Q85L (c.254A>T), p.R87P (c.260G>C), p.Y69D (c.205T>G), p.A70V (c.209C>T), p.A70A (c.210G>A), p.Y79Y (c.237C>T). Although only 5 variants resulted in amino acid change, all 8 variants were included in the statistical analysis, and none of these genetic variants was significant (p-value> 0.05). Additionally, eight haplotypes were detected. Some of these haplotypes might have a role in disease development through the interaction with HLA-DQB1*0602 and other genetic variants or could be as markers for OSA by the mechanism of linkage disequilibrium.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to explain the pathogenesis of OSA in terms of possible self or non-self-antigens involved.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.473-478
Evaluation of Semen Samples Before and After ‘Swim Up’ Technique with Mitotracker
Authors: Karabekir Seda Cetinkaya , Özgörgülü Aydan 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Infertility problems are seen in nearly 15% of married couples, and almost 50% of these involve male infertility. The sperm mitochondrion plays an important role in sperm motility. The morphology of sperm, sperm preparation techniques, and the number and motility of sperm during insemination are important parameters that affect the rate of pregnancy with intrauterine insemination. The aim of the study was to observe the changes in sperm mitochondrial activities and numbers with the Mito Tracker Red 580 kit at 30th, 45th and 60th minutes after swim up.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated 20 oligospermic and 20 normospermic samples. The “swim-up” technique was applied to these oligospermic and normospermic samples, and changes in sperm mitochondria and number at 30, 45, and 60 min were observed using MitoTracker Red 580 staining.
Results:The numbers of swimming sperm in oligospermic and normospermic samples were higher at 30 min than at 45 and 60 min. No marked change was detected in the mitochondrial activities of swimming sperm in oligospermic and normospermic samples at 30, 45, and 60 min after the swim-up. Our findings demonstrate that the number of swimming sperm decreased with time, but no change was seen in the mitochondrial activity of the sperm by the swim-up technique.
Conclusion: According to findings, mitochondrial movement is not exactly related to the 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. Therefore, it is thought that it needs to be investigated in mechanisms other than mitochondrial activity.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.479-483
The RAGE expression in glomerulus and the Malondialdehyde level in the kidney of Diabetes Mellitus rat model after exercise
Authors: Anita Diyah Candra , Sulistyorini Sri Lestari , Kadarsih Sri 
Published: June 2019

Background: The main cause of complications in diabetes mellitus is a condition of oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in ROS can be triggered by the increase in advanced glycation end-products (AGE), which binds to its receptor (RAGE). The result of increased ROS will lead to lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and induce particular increase in malondialdehyde (MDA).
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of physical exercise in preventing complications of the kidneys caused by hyperglycemia.
Method: This study was a pure experimental research with post-test only group design. Subjects were 10 male Sprague Dawley rats induced with 35 mg/kgdose of streptozotocin (STZ). The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e. the STZ group and STZ group with physical exercise. Physical exercise was given in 9 weeks using a treadmill, in 5 times/week frequency, moderate intensity, 0 degree of tilt, gradually increased speed and duration.
Result: Regular and measurable physical exercise can decrease the blood glucose level(0,048) and reduce the RAGE expression in glomerulus(0,003) but increase MDA level in kidney (0,767).
Conclusion: Regular and measurable physical exercise can decrease the blood glucose level and reduce the RAGE expression in glomerulus.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.484-490
Comparison of Conventional Methods and Automated Systems for Determining Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Urine Culture
Authors: Koçoğlu Mücahide Esra , Davarci İsmail , Güney Rabia , Taşçilar Melike , Zengi̇n Ferhat , Samasti Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the results obtained from different methods, which are used to determine the susceptibility to antimicrobials, and to determine the agreement between them.
Materials and Methods: A total of 397 strains consisting of 329 gram negative and 68 gram positive bacteria that were isolated from urine samples and identification and antibiogram of which were performed by automated systems, were included in the study. The results obtained from broth microdilution, E test, VITEK and disk diffusion were compared.
Results: Our antimicrobial susceptibility test results in gram negative bacteria showed a categorical agreement of 93.3% with a very major error rate of 1.5 in disk diffusion test, while a categorical agreement of 90% with a very major error rate of 2.2% in Vitek 2 test. The agreement for E test was 95.3% with a very major error rate of 1.1. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test of gram positive bacteria, the rate of agreement for disk diffusion, E test and Vitek 2 was 97.2%, 98.4% and 95.4% respectively. Very major error rate was found % 1.5 ve % 2.6 in disk diffusion and Vitek 2, respectively, while no very major error was found in E test.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that disk diffusion test, Vitek 2 system and E test test are accurate and acceptable for antibiotic susceptibility tests of gram positive bacteria. The agreement rate of BMD and E test methods was found above 90% for all antibiotics, and it was reached a conclusion that the susceptibility results of gram negative bacteria for ceftriaxone and nitrofurantoin obtained from VITEK; the susceptibility results of disk diffusion test for ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin should be confirmed by a more reliable method.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.519-526
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Cholera among Non-Academic Staff of International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Medical Campus
Authors: Mohd Rosdi Mohd Amir Fitrie Bin , Rahman Nor Azlina A , Haque Mainul 
Published: June 2019

Background: Cholera is a water and food-borne infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera usually causes fatality in the case of severe infections. Furthermore, cholera outbreaks are still recurring over time, especially in many developing countries. Cholera outbreak may be due to lack of basic knowledge, awareness and preventive attitude among public. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding cholera among non-academic staff of IIUM Kuantan community, to find the related factors of KAP regarding cholera and to find the association between KAP regarding cholera.
Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. This study used convenience sampling. The sample size for this study is 100 and was analyzed by using SPSS software using various tests. Those tests were independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and correlation test. There are six independent variables affecting knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cholera which are genders, marital statuses, and categories of occupation, different faculties, age-groups and level of education.
Results: Categories of occupations showed no significant difference between administrative and clinical staff knowledge (p=0.360) and practice (p=0.437) level. Respondent’s attitude however showed significant difference (p=0.034) between clerk and clinical staff. As for other sociodemographic variables, the results showed no significant difference for knowledge, attitude and practice level. The results showed low positive correlation between knowledge and practice regarding cholera (r=0.338), between attitude and practice regarding cholera (r=0.331) and between knowledge and attitude (r=0.233).
Conclusions: KAP practice scores were at an acceptable level.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.527-535
Immune profiling of saliva in patients with and without dental caries
Authors: Nawaz Ambreen , Batool Husniah , Kashif Muhammad , Abbas Afia , Shahzad Faheem , Tahir Romeeza , Afzal Nadeem 
Published: June 2019

Background: Dental caries is characterized by demineralization of inorganic portion of tooth and destruction of organic substances of tooth, which often leads to cavitation. The immune mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries.This study was designed to determine the levels of salivary IgA, TGF-β and IL-17 in patients with dental caries.
Methodology: This was a comparative study of 87 individuals (29 healthy controls and 58 patients with dental caries) recruited from the Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore. Group I included patients with dental caries up to 5 DMFT score (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth), group II had patients with 6 or more DMFT score and group III consisted of healthy individuals without dental caries. Commercially available ELISA kits were used for the detection of salivary IgA, TGF β and IL-17.
Results: Highest mean ± SD level of IL-17(2.99±1.11ng/L)and TGFβ (127.8 ±74.0ng/L) were detected in group III. While highest mean ± SD level of salivary IgA (μg/ mL) was detected in the group I (34.64±6.37μg/mL)
Conclusion: Level of salivary IgA was increased in patients of dental caries while levels of IL-17and TGFβ were decreased in patients of dental caries as compared to healthy individuals.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.536-539
Mild cognitive impairment in mild brain injury (MBI) patients: An event related potential (ERP) and neuropsychology study.
Authors: Reza Faruque , Begum Tahamina 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To evaluate auditory cognitive function in mild brain injury (MBI) patients, which is important to determine for rehabilitation and improve quality of their life.
Methods: Participants (n=19/group) were divided into group 1 (G1-control), group 2 (G2/1st test-MBI/within 7 days of road traffic accident-RTA) and group 3 (G3/2nd test-MBI/2-6 months after RTA). Event related potentials (ERPs) were conducted using a 128-sensor net; participants counted silently rare target tone stimuli and ignored standard tones. Several neuropsychology tests like Verbal fluency test (PAS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Rey Auditory Verbal and Learning Test (RAVLTIM, RAVLTDR and RAVLTTS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were subsequently administered.
Results: Sensory (P50, N100) and cognitive (P300) ERP components were analysed from ERP waveforms. There were no significant group differences in amplitudes or latencies for all components across sites except P300 component amplitudes at T6 location. P50, N100 and P300 ERP components exhibited non-significantly increased amplitudes in G2 and G3 compared with G1 at all sites; non-significantly shorter latencies were identified at various sites. At several locations, G3 evoked non-significantly increased amplitudes and longer latencies with shorter latencies to other sites compared with G2 in all components. The MBI (G3) group exhibited significantly increased WCST, RAVLTIM and RAVLTDR scores compared with G1.
Conclusion: These findings indicate MBI patients may have mild auditory, cognitive and executive dysfunctions with good auditory memory. MBI was associated with mild depression.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.557-566
Corporate Social Responsibility in Healthcare: A case of Islamic Banks (IBs) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Shamim , Yahya Sofri B , Rahman Shafiqur , Sobhani Farid A , Rahman Raufa 
Published: June 2019

Healthcare is a basic necessity for any society. Banks in Bangladesh are engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives better than ever. Islamic banks (IBs)in Bangladesh have taken several CSR initiatives and contributing significantly to healthcare. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CSR practices of Islamic banks (IBs) in the healthcare sector during 2010–2015. The study used a content analysis methodology to analyze objectively and systematically the websites and annual reports of the IBs and the relevant publications of the central bank of Bangladesh. The findings of this study demonstrate that IBs are engaged in healthcare initiatives, which have been increasing significantly over a period of time. However, the results also portrayed that, among all the IBs, Islamic Bank Bangladesh Limited has done the highest contribution in healthcare CSR by establishing hospitals, operating health camps, providing medical assistance, assistance to mother and neonatal etc. This study has also contributed significantly to the relevant literature and paved the path for future research.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.567-573