bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Internal Wave‐Driven Mixing and Stratification in Canadian Arctic Shelf and Shelf‐Slope Waters
Authors: Chanona Melanie , Waterman Stephanie , Gratton Yves 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur understanding of ocean mixing is challenged by its patchy, episodic nature and a scarcity of direct measurements, especially in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we exploit a historical record of nearly 3,000 conductivity‐temperature‐depth profiles collected in the shelf and shelf‐slope waters of the Canadian Arctic Ocean from 2002 to 2016 to characterize the variability of 28,872 internal wave‐driven turbulent dissipation and mixing rate estimates from a finescale parameterization. We find that these estimates of wave‐driven dissipation rates and associated diapycnal diffusivities are generally low, but exhibit wide variability, each spanning several orders of magnitude. We further find that stratification plays a significant role in modulating the mixing rate both vertically and regionally within the study domain. Dissipation rate and diffusivity estimates display a weak seasonal cycle, but no evidence of statistically significant interannual trends over this period. Exceptionally large localized temporal variability appears to dominate other potential underlying patterns. The presence of strong upper ocean stratification combined with predominately weak dissipation rate estimates implies that many regions in the Canadian Arctic Ocean are likely in a molecular or buoyancy‐controlled mixing regime. Even when the concept of a turbulent‐enhanced diffusivity is potentially relevant, most turbulent heat flux estimates out of the Atlantic Water thermocline are smaller than the average value required to close the standardly assumed Arctic Ocean heat budget. In contrast, we find evidence for isolated occurrences of anomalously large heat fluxes, which may disproportionately contribute to the liberation of Atlantic Water heat toward the surface sea ice pack.
Doped, conductive SiO2 nanoparticles for large microwave absorption
Authors: Green Michael , Liu Zhanqiang , Xiang Peng , Liu Yan , Zhou Minjie , Tan Xinyu , Huang Fuqiang , Liu Lei , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough many materials have been studied for the purpose of microwave absorption, SiO2 has never been reported as a good candidate. In this study, we present for the first time that doped, microwave conductive SiO2 nanoparticles can possess an excellent microwave absorbing performance. A large microwave reflection loss (RL) of −55.09 dB can be obtained. The large microwave absorption originates mainly from electrical relaxation rather than the magnetic relaxation of the incoming microwave field. The electrical relaxation is attributed to a large electrical conductivity that is enabled by the incorporation of heterogeneous (N, C and Cl) atoms. The removal of the magnetic susceptibility only results in a negligible influence of the microwave absorption. In contrast, the removal of the heterogeneous atoms leads to a large decrease in the electrical conductivity and microwave absorption performance. Meanwhile, the microwave absorption characteristics can be largely adjusted with a change of the thickness, which provides large flexibility for various microwave absorption applications.
Lenalidomide plus R-CHOP21 in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): long-term follow-up results from a combined analysis from two phase 2 trials
Authors: Castellino A. , Chiappella A. , LaPlant B. R. , Pederson L. D. , Gaidano G. , Macon W. R. , Inghirami G. , Reeder C. B. , Tucci A. , King R. L. , Congiu A. , Foran J. M. , Pavone V. , Rivera C. E. , Spina M. , Ansell S. M. , Cavallo F. , Molinari A. L. , Ciccone Giovannino , Habermann T. M. , Witzig T. E. , Vitolo U. , Nowakowski G. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLenalidomide-RCHOP (R2-CHOP21) has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of this analysis is to report long-term outcome and toxicities in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who received R2-CHOP21 in two independent phase 2 trials, conducted by Mayo Clinic (MC) and Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL). All patients received R-CHOP21 plus lenalidomide. Long-term progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and late toxicities and second tumors were analyzed. Hundred and twelve patients (63 MC, 49 FIL) were included. Median age was 69 years, 88% were stage III–IV. At a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 5y-PFS was 63.5%, 5y-TTP 70.1% and 5y-OS 75.4%; according to cell of origin (COO): 5y-PFS 52.8% vs 64.5%, 5y-TTP 61.6% vs 69.6% and 5y-OS 68.6% vs 74.1% in germinal center (GCB) vs non-GCB respectively. Four patients experienced grade 4–5 late toxicities. Grade ≤ 3 toxicities were infections (N = 4), thrombosis (N = 1) and neuropathy (N = 3). Seven seconds tumors were observed. Long-term follow-up demonstrates that R2-CHOP21 efficacy was maintained with high rates of PFS, TTP, and OS. Lenalidomide appears to mitigate the negative prognosis of non-GCB phenotype. Incidence of therapy-related secondary malignancies and late toxicities were low.
Polythermal structure of a Himalayan debris-covered glacier revealed by borehole thermometry
Authors: Miles Katie E. , Hubbard Bryn , Quincey Duncan J. , Miles Evan S. , Sherpa Tenzing C. , Rowan Ann V. , Doyle Samuel H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRunoff from high-elevation debris-covered glaciers represents a crucial water supply for millions of people in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region, where peak water has already passed in places. Knowledge of glacier thermal regime is essential for predicting dynamic and geometric responses to mass balance change and determining subsurface drainage pathways, which ultimately influence proglacial discharge and hence downstream water availability. Yet, deep internal ice temperatures of these glaciers are unknown, making projections of their future response to climate change highly uncertain. Here, we show that the lower part of the ablation area of Khumbu Glacier, a high-elevation debris-covered glacier in Nepal, may contain ~56% temperate ice, with much of the colder shallow ice near to the melting-point temperature (within 0.8 °C). From boreholes drilled in the glacier’s ablation area, we measured a minimum ice temperature of −3.3 °C, and even the coldest ice we measured was 2 °C warmer than the mean annual air temperature. Our results indicate that high-elevation Himalayan glaciers are vulnerable to even minor atmospheric warming.
Shape oscillations of single blood drops: applications to human blood and sickle cell disease
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Vahideh Ansari , Brugnara Carlo , Holt R. Glynn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder associated with severe anemia, vessel occlusion, poor oxygen transport and organ failure. The presence of stiff and often sickle-shaped red blood cells is the hallmark of SCD and is believed to contribute to impaired blood rheology and organ damage. Most existing measurement techniques of blood and red blood cell physical properties require sample contact and/or large sample volume, which is problematic for pediatric patients. Acoustic levitation allows rheological measurements in a single drop of blood, simultaneously eliminating the need for both contact containment and manipulation of samples. The technique shows that the shape oscillation of blood drops is able to assess blood viscosity in normal and SCD blood and demonstrates an abnormally increased viscosity in SCD when compared with normal controls. Furthermore, the technique is sensitive enough to detect viscosity changes induced by hydroxyurea treatment, and their dependence on the total fetal hemoglobin content of the sample. Thus this technique may hold promise as a monitoring tool for assessing changes in blood rheology in sickle cell and other hematological diseases.
Simulated performances of pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screens with different micro-column shapes and array structures in X-ray imaging
Authors: Chen Hui , Gu Mu , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Juannan , Liu Bo , Huang Shiming , Ni Chen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe performances of the pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screens based on oxidized silicon micro-pore array templates with different CsI(Tl) micro-column shapes and array structures in X-ray imaging were simulated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code. The shapes of the micro-columns include square, hexagonal and circular, and the array structures include square and hexagonal arrangements. The pitch size of the pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screens was set to 4 µm, and the incident X-ray energy was set to 20 keV. The ratios of the number of scintillation photons that propagate along the CsI(Tl) micro-columns to the total number of scintillation photons of the micro-columns gradually decrease with the increase in total reflection time on the lateral surfaces of the micro-columns. However, these ratios are closely related to the shapes of the micro-columns and the incident positions of X-ray on the cross-sections of the micro-columns, especially for the circular micro-column. The sequence of bottom light outputs stimulated by a uniform flood field of X-ray from high to low corresponds to the circular, square and hexagonal CsI(Tl) micro-columns with the same cross-section areas. In addition, all spatial resolutions in terms of modulation transfer functions (MTFs) for the pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screens with square and hexagonal array structures are over 100 lp/mm. However, the resolution for the pixelated screen with the hexagonal array structure is approximately 8.5% higher than that for the screen with the square array structure. Moreover, the former screen has a higher detective quantum efficiency (DQE) than the latter screen at the same thickness. The pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen with circular micro-column and hexagonal array structure in X-ray imaging has superior performance compared to other pixelated screens in this work.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of homologous genes in Chinese kale
Authors: Sun Bo , Zheng Aihong , Jiang Min , Xue Shengling , Yuan Qiao , Jiang Leiyu , Chen Qing , Li Mengyao , Wang Yan , Zhang Yong , Luo Ya , Wang Xiaorong , Zhang Fen , Tang Haoru 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has developed into a powerful gene-editing tool that has been successfully applied to various plant species. However, studies on the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to cultivated Brassica vegetables are limited. Here, we reported CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) for the first time. A stretch of homologous genes, namely BaPDS1 and BaPDS2, was selected as the target site. Several stable transgenic lines with different types of mutations were generated via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, including BaPDS1 and BaPDS2 double mutations and BaPDS1 or BaPDS2 single mutations. The overall mutation rate reached 76.47%, and these mutations involved nucleotide changes of fewer than 10 bp. The clear albino phenotype was observed in all of the mutants, including one that harbored a mutation within an intron region, thereby indicating the importance of the intron. Cleavage in Chinese kale using CRISPR/Cas9 was biased towards AT-rich sequences. Furthermore, no off-target events were observed. Functional differences between BaPDS1 and BaPDS2 were also assessed in terms of the phenotypes of the respective mutants. In combination, these findings showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis can simultaneously and efficiently modify homologous gene copies of Chinese kale and provide a convenient approach for studying gene function and improving the yield and quality of cultivated Brassica vegetables.
Blocking nuclear export of HSPA8 after heat shock stress severely alters cell survival
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Schall Nicolas , Kuhn Lauriane , Hammann Philippe , Chaloin Olivier , Madinier Jean-Baptiste , Briand Jean-Paul , Page Nicolas , Muller Sylviane 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nuclear translocation of endogenous heat shock cognate protein HSPA8 is a requisite for cell survival during oxidative and heat shock stress. Upon these events, cytoplasmic HSPA8 is thought to concentrate within the nucleus and nucleolus. When the situation returns to normal, HSPA8 is released from its nuclear/nucleolar anchors and redistributes into the cytoplasm. By using different stress conditions and a 21-mer phosphopeptide tool called P140, which binds HSPA8 and hampers its chaperone properties, we deciphered the cellular and molecular effects arising during this vital cytoplasmic-nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling process. Using the non-metastatic fibroblastoid cell line MRL/N-1 derived from a MRL/MpTn-gld/gld lupus-prone mouse, we discovered that P140 treatment neutralized the egress of HSPA8 from nucleus to cytoplasm in the cell recovery phase. This lack of relocation of HSPA8 into the cytoplasm of heat-shocked MRL/N-1 cells altered the ability of these cells to survive when a second mild oxidative stress mimicking inflammatory conditions was applied. Crosslinking experiments followed by proteomics studies showed that P140 binds regions close to nuclear import and export signal sequences encompassed within the HSPA8 structure. These data are consistent with HSPA8 having a crucial cell protective role against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria during inflammatory conditions.
Microbiomes and chemical components of feed water and membrane-attached biofilm in reverse osmosis system to treat membrane bioreactor effluents
Authors: Inaba Tomohiro , Hori Tomoyuki , Aizawa Hidenobu , Sato Yuya , Ogata Atsushi , Habe Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReverse osmosis (RO) system at a stage after membrane bioreactor (MBR) is used for the wastewater treatment and reclamation. One of the most serious problems in this system is membrane fouling caused by biofilm formation. Here, microbiomes and chemical components of the feed water and membrane-attached biofilm of RO system to treat MBR effluents were investigated by non-destructive confocal reflection microscopy, excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The microscopic visualization indicated that the biofilm contained large amounts of microbial cells (0.5 ± 0.3~3.9 ± 2.3 µm3/µm2) and the extracellular polysaccharides (3.3 ± 1.7~9.4 ± 5.1 µm3/µm2) and proteins (1.0 ± 0.2~1.3 ± 0.1 µm3/µm2). The spectroscopic analysis identified the humic and/or fulvic acid-like substances and protein-like substances as the main membrane foulants. High-throughput sequencing showed that Pseudomonas spp. and other heterotrophic bacteria dominated the feed water microbiomes. Meanwhile, the biofilm microbiomes were composed of diverse bacteria, among which operational taxonomic units related to the autotrophic Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava and Blastochloris viridis were abundant, accounting for up to 22.9 ± 4.1% and 3.1 ± 0.4% of the total, respectively. These results demonstrated that the minor autotrophic bacteria in the feed water played pivotal roles in the formation of polysaccharide- and protein-rich biofilm on RO membrane, thereby causing membrane fouling of RO system.
Anomalously high geothermal flux near the South Pole
Authors: Jordan T. A. , Martin C. , Ferraccioli F. , Matsuoka K. , Corr H. , Forsberg R. , Olesen A. , Siegert M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMelting at the base of the Antarctic Ice Sheet influences ice dynamics and our ability to recover ancient climatic records from deep ice cores. Basal melt rates are affected by geothermal flux, one of the least constrained properties of the Antarctic continent. Estimates of Antarctic geothermal flux are typically regional in nature, derived from geological, magnetic or seismic data, or from sparse point measurements at ice core sites. We analyse ice-penetrating radar data upstream of South Pole revealing a ~100 km long and 50 km wide area where internal ice sheet layers converge with the bed. Ice sheet modelling shows that this englacial layer configuration requires basal melting of up to 6 ± 1 mm a−1 and a geothermal flux of 120 ± 20 mW m−2, more than double the values expected for this cratonic sector of East Antarctica. We suggest high heat producing Precambrian basement rocks and hydrothermal circulation along a major fault system cause this anomaly. We conclude that local geothermal flux anomalies could be more widespread in East Antarctica. Assessing their influence on subglacial hydrology and ice sheet dynamics requires new detailed geophysical observations, especially in candidate areas for deep ice core drilling and at the onset of major ice streams.
Geological evidence for AD 1008 tsunami along the Kachchh coast, Western India: Implications for hazard along the Makran Subduction Zone
Authors: Prizomwala S. P. , Gandhi Drasti , Bhatt Nilesh , Winkler Wilfried , Kumar M. Ravi , Makwana Nisarg , Bhatt Nishith 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami emphasized the catastrophic nature of such disasters and exposed our knowledge gap of the historical and palaeo events. In the aftermath of this deadly event, the thrust in palaeotsunami studies was restricted to areas in the Indian Ocean, affected by this tsunami. The northern Arabian Sea, which hosts a similar tsunamigenic source i.e. the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ), has so far remained ‘Terra-Incognita’. Here, for the first time, we report geological evidence of the 1008 AD tsunami, also mentioned as ‘an enigma’ in the historical reports, by identifying a >250 km long sand sheet with a landward extent of more than 250 m from the Indian coastline. Detailed sedimentology and geochemistry reveals an offshore origin of this sand sheet, from where it was eroded by a high energy wave and deposited in a supratidal environment. Optical and AMS 14C chronology constrains its age of deposition around 1000 AD. The shear size of the sand sheet, laterally and across the coast, along with grain size, a characteristically different provenance, are some of the major indicators, which can be useful in palaeotsunami/palaeostorm deposit distinction. Our report of the AD 1008 event from the Indian coastline, also supports the claim that the Western MSZ, albeit at longer intervals, has experienced major thrust earthquakes (Mw > 8) in the historical past. The proximity of this sand sheet to the shoreline does not discount the role of extremely unlikely, large storms as its causal mechanism.
Achieving acoustic topological valley-Hall states by modulating the subwavelength honeycomb lattice
Authors: Zhang Zhiwang , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTopological valley-contrasting physics is attracting increasing attention because of its potentials as a promising information carrier in electrics and classical systems. In this work, we reveal the valley-Hall effect and the valley projected edge states in two-dimensional sonic crystals with modulated acoustic honeycomb lattice. The sonic crystals are arranged by soft-material rods and thereby in a sub-wavelength scale, of which the lattice constant is only 0.267 times the wavelength and can be modulated to almost 0.1 times the wavelength. The degenerated valley states are lifted by breaking the inversion symmetry through introducing the refractive-index difference to the rods. The unidirectional excitation of valley chiral bulk state and the non-diffracting Bessel beams are realized by sources carrying orbital angular momentum with proper chirality. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sub-wavelength valley creation can also be achieved by embedding modulated rubber rods with the mingled steel in a water background, which has significant potential in hydroacoustics, such as underwater communications, sound trapping and directional radiation.
Sendai Virus Infection Induces Expression of Novel RNAs in Human Cells
Authors: Mandhana Roli , Horvath Curt M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInnate antiviral immune responses are driven by virus-induced changes in host gene expression. While much research on antiviral effectors has focused on virus-inducible mRNAs, recent genome-wide analyses have identified hundreds of novel target sites for virus-inducible transcription factors and RNA polymerase. These sites are beyond the known antiviral gene repertoire and their contribution to innate immune responses is largely unknown. In this study, RNA-sequencing of mock-infected and Sendai virus-infected cells was performed to characterize the virus-inducible transcriptome and identify novel virus-inducible RNAs (nviRNAs). Virus-inducible transcription was observed throughout the genome resulting in expression of 1755 previously RefSeq-annotated RNAs and 1545 nviRNAs. The previously-annotated RNAs primarily consist of protein-coding mRNAs, including several well-known antiviral mRNAs that had low sequence conservation but were highly virus-inducible. The previously-unannotated nviRNAs were mostly noncoding RNAs with poor sequence conservation. Independent analyses of nviRNAs based on infection with Sendai virus, influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus 1, or direct stimulation with IFNα revealed a range of expression patterns in various human cell lines. These phylogenetic and expression analyses suggest that many of the nviRNAs share the high inducibility and low sequence conservation characteristic of well-known primary antiviral effectors and may represent dynamically evolving antiviral factors.
Terrestrial evaporation response to modes of climate variability
Authors: Martens Brecht , Waegeman Willem , Dorigo Wouter A. , Verhoest Niko E. C. , Miralles Diego G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge-scale modes of climate variability (or teleconnection patterns), such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, affect local weather worldwide. However, the response of terrestrial water and energy fluxes to these modes of variability is still poorly understood. Here, we analyse the response of evaporation to 16 teleconnection patterns, using a simple supervised learning framework and global observation-based datasets of evaporation and its key climatic drivers. Our results show that the month-to-month variability in terrestrial evaporation is strongly affected by (coupled) oscillations in sea-surface temperature and air pressure: in specific hotspot regions, up to 40% of the evaporation dynamics can be explained by climate indices describing the fundamental modes of climate variability. While the El Niño Southern Oscillation affects the dynamics in land evaporation worldwide, other phenomena such as the East Pacific–North Pacific teleconnection pattern are more dominant at regional scales. Most modes of climate variability affect terrestrial evaporation by inducing changes in the atmospheric demand for water. However, anomalies in precipitation associated to particular teleconnections are crucial for the evaporation in water-limited regimes, as well as in forested regions where interception loss forms a substantial fraction of total evaporation. Our results highlight the need to consider the concurrent impact of these teleconnections to accurately predict the fate of the terrestrial branch of the hydrological cycle, and provide observational evidence to help improve the representation of surface fluxes in Earth system models.