bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal evolution in the South Tianshan Terrane: Constraints from detrital zircon geochronology and implications for continental growth in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Huang He , Zhang Zhaochong , Santosh M. , Cheng Zhiguo , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2018

The South Tianshan Terrane (STT) is located in the boundary between the south‐western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and the Tarim Craton and is a key area for understanding the geologic and tectonic history of the craton and the orogenic belt. In this paper, we report detrital zircon ages from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic clastic sedimentary rocks from the southern part of STT. In combination with the U–Pb ages for felsic igneous and meta‐igneous rocks exposed in the STT and adjacent tectonic units, we identify several distinct age populations. Provenance analysis suggests that the detrital zircon grains were predominately derived from the felsic magmatic rocks in the Tarim Craton and South Tianshan Terrane. The pre‐Neoproterozoic age populations may be associated with the early history of the Tarim Craton. Several pulses of Neoproterozoic magmatism are revealed by our dataset, presumably related to the assembly and break‐up of the supercontinent Rodinia. The 995 to 901 Ma detrital zircon grains were likely sourced from magmatic rocks associated with the assembly of Neoproterozoic Tarim to Australia. Among the age population of 886 to 752 Ma, the older group might be related to the subduction‐related magmatism after the assembly of Rodinia, and the younger one records a protracted magmatic event in a continental rift‐related setting associated with the break‐up of Rodinia. Two younger Neoproterozoic age populations (736 to 694 Ma and 665 to 610 Ma), showing narrow spreads with weak peaks, represent the waning stages of igneous activities related to the break‐up of Rodinia. Regarding the Palaeozoic evolution, together with other evidence, our data indicate a two‐stage subduction model for the SW Palaeo‐Asian Ocean. The 490 to 384 Ma age population corroborates the existence of Early Palaeozoic continental arc magmatism at the northern margin of Palaeozoic Tarim generated by the bidirectional subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean. After a ~30 My period of tectonomagmatic quiescence, the second stage is marked by the northward subduction of the South Tianshan Terrane during Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous. The final collision of Tarim and the south‐western CAOB likely occurred during the Late Carboniferous, followed by syn‐ and post‐collisional magmatism, as represented by the 320 to 265 Ma age population. Based on the detrital zircon ages in conjunction with the Hf isotopic features of zircons from Palaeozoic igneous rocks, our study does not support the model of large‐scale Phanerozoic net continental growth in the South Tianshan Terrane.
“Psychogeritechnology” in Japan: Exemplars from a super‐aged society
Authors: Leroi Iracema , Watanabe Kentaro , Hird Nick , Sugihara Taro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe burgeoning field of gerontechnology, which is the interdisciplinary field of applying technology to ageing issues, has focused primarily on “active ageing” and maintaining independence for older adults. To date, there has been less focus on people who develop dementia. Here, we argue for the field of gerontechnology to have a greater emphasis on clinical applications for dementia. This can be captured under the rubric of “psychogeritechnology,” a term we have coined to describe the range of technology approaches to the prevention, prediction, screening, assessment, diagnosis, management, and monitoring of people at risk of, or living with, dementia.AimUsing Japan as the world's leading “super‐aged’ nation as a paradigm, the purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the use of innovative technology for the diagnosis, management and support of people at risk of, or living with, dementia.MethodsBy following the “life course” of dementia, we will use clinical exemplars and case studies of psychogeritechnological applications from a Japanese context, specific to each stage of dementia, from the preclinical to the advanced stage. In the preclinical stage, the focus will be on prevention and early detection of degenerative cognitive‐functional trajectories. In the early‐stage of dementia, we will outline examples of screening, assessment, diagnosis, and clinical monitoring, as well as the use of technology to support independent living and autonomy. In the moderate stage, examples of safety monitoring systems, and assistive technology to foster independence, quality of life will be outlined. Finally, in the advanced stage of dementia, our focus will be on assistive technology in the care home setting, and the need to foster secure and efficient communication among care providers. We will discuss these applications in terms of the evolution of the “technological roadmap” for dementia, and the need for a theoretical underpinning for the field, a meaningful and flexible evaluation framework, and consideration of the “wider perspective” including safety‐critical issues, ethical issues, and the relation to policy and health economics.ConclusionsJapan, as a rapidly ageing society, is on the forefront of developing technology to support people with dementia. The new field of psychogeritechnology must harness the potential of such developments, while furthering the methodology to implement and evaluate the changes.
Low thyroid‐stimulating hormone and its persistence beyond the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Fraenkel Merav , Shafat Tali , Cahn Avivit , Erez Offer , Novack Victor , Tsur Anat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate predictors of low thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) persisting beyond the first trimester and associated pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the association between low first‐trimester TSH and obstetric outcomes of singleton pregnancies in southern Israel between 2001 and 2011. We included women with first‐trimester TSH and at least one other THS measurement. Clinical data were from maternity and community medical records.ResultsAmong 3761 women, 185 (4.9%) had a TSH of 0.10 mIU/L or less in the first trimester. Multiple of the median human chorionic gonadotropin was higher in women with TSH of 0.40 mIU/L or less versus 0.41–4.0 mIU/L, but was not associated with higher rates of persistent low TSH. Maternal age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.16; per yearly increment), free thyroxine (FT4; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20; per ng/dL increment), and TSH of 0.10 mIU/L or less (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.38–6.80 vs 0.21–0.40 mIU/L) were independent predictors of persistent low TSH. No adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in women with low first‐trimester TSH.ConclusionsLow TSH persisting beyond the first trimester was more common with increasing maternal age, elevated FT4, and TSH below 0.10 mIU/L, but was not associated with obstetric complications.
Isoform‐specific effects of transforming growth factor β on endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sabbineni Harika , Verma  Arti , Somanath Payaningal R. 
Published: June 2018

Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was first reported in the embryogenesis. Recent studies show that EndMT also occurs in the disease progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer. Although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is crucial for EndMT, it is not clear which isoform elicits a predominant effect. The current study aims to directly compare the dose‐dependent effects of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 on EndMT and characterize the underlying mechanisms. In our results, all three TGFβ isoforms induced EndMT in human microvascular endothelial cells after 72 hr, as evidenced by the increased expression of mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin and α‐smooth muscle actin as well as the decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, the effect of TGFβ2 was the most pronounced. At 1 ng/ml, only TGFβ2 treatment resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation (activation) of Smad2/3 and p38‐MAPK and increased expression of mesenchymal transcription factors Snail and FoxC2. Intriguingly, we observed that treatment with 1 ng/ml TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, resulted in an increased expression of TGFβ2, thus indicating that EndMT with TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 treatments was due to the secondary effects through TGFβ2 secretion. Furthermore, silencing TGFβ2 using small interfering RNA blunted the expression of EndMT markers in TGFβ1‐ and TGFβ3‐treated cells. Together, our results indicate that TGFβ2 is the most potent inducer of EndMT and that TGFβ1‐ and TGFβ3‐induced EndMT necessitates a paracrine loop involving TGFβ2.
In vivo antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment induces corneal endothelium apoptosis in rabbits through changes in p75NTR–proNGF pathway
Authors: Gharbiya Magda , Bruscolini Alice , Sacchetti Marta , Rosso Pamela , Carito Valentina , Segatto Marco , Fico Elena , Tirassa Paola , Lambiase Alessandro 
Published: June 2018

Intravitreal injection (IVT) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) agents is widely used for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases. Recently, the injection of anti‐VEGF agents in the ocular anterior chamber has been proposed for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma and potential side effects on the corneal structures have been investigated with contrasting results. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that VEGF inhibition is associated with cellular apoptotic changes and that this effect may be mediated by alterations in nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that anterior chamber injection (IC), but not IVT injection of two different anti‐VEGF agents, aflibercept and ranibizumab, affects rabbit corneal endothelium in terms of survival and apoptosis and is associated with changes in endothelial expression of NGF precursor (proNGF) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) receptor. We observed an increase in corneal endothelial cell incorporation of trypan blue and expression of cleaved‐caspase 3 (c‐Casp3), p75NTR, and RhoA after IC injection of both anti‐VEGF drugs when compared with the vehicle. Our results showed that apoptosis induction by aflibercept was more pronounced when compared with that of ranibizumab. Aflibercept also mediated a significant increase in endothelial expression of proNGF when compared with the vehicle. In line with these data, IC administration of both anti‐VEGF agents induced the activation of apoptotic signals in endothelial cells, including an increase in c‐Casp3, decrease in Bad Ser 112 phosphorylation, and unbalance of AKT phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that administration of anti‐VEGF in the anterior chamber of rabbit affects endothelial cell survival by inducing apoptosis through alteration of NGF pathway.
Targeted HIV testing at birth supported by low and predictable mother‐to‐child transmission risk in Botswana
Authors: Ibrahim Maryanne , Maswabi Kenneth , Ajibola Gbolahan , Moyo Sikhulile , Hughes Michael D , Batlang Oganne , Sakoi Maureen , Auletta‐Young Chloe , Vaughan Laura , Lockman Shahin , Jean‐Philippe Patrick , Yu Xu , Lichterfeld Matthias , Kuritzkes Daniel R , Makhema Joseph , Shapiro Roger L 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionMost African countries perform infant HIV testing at 6 weeks or later. The addition of targeted testing at birth may improve retention in care, treatment outcomes and survival for HIV‐infected infants.Methods
HIV‐exposed infants were screened as part of the Early Infant Treatment (EIT) study in Botswana. Screened infants were ≥35 weeks gestational age and ≥2000 g at birth. Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) were assessed by maternal obstetric card or verbally. Risk factors included <8 weeks ART in pregnancy, last known CD4 <250 cells/mm3, last known HIV RNA >400 copies/mL, poor maternal ART adherence, lack of maternal zidovudine (ZDV) in labour, or lack of infant post‐exposure prophylaxis. Infants underwent dried blood spot testing by Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman HIV‐1 qualitative PCR.ResultsFrom April 2015 to April 2016, 2303 HIV‐exposed infants were tested for HIV in the EIT study. Of these, 369 (16%) were identified as high risk for HIV infection by information available at birth, and 12 (0.5% overall, 3.25% of high risk) were identified as HIV positive at birth. All 12 positive infants were identified as high risk at the time of screening, and only 2 risk factors were required to identify all positive infants: either <8 weeks of maternal ART in pregnancy (75%) or lack of maternal HIV suppression at last test (25%).Conclusions
In utero
MTCT occurred only among infants identified as high risk at delivery, using information available from the mother or obstetric record. Birth testing that targets high‐risk infants based on maternal ART receipt is likely to identify the majority of in utero
HIV transmissions, and allows early ART initiation for these infants.
Understanding the Determinants of Saving in Ghana: Does Financial Literacy Matter?
Authors: Baidoo Samuel Tawiah , Boateng Elliot , Amponsah Mary 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDomestic savings remain low in Ghana despite several attempts to improve this situation. Whereas existing studies on private savings have identified several determinants, the role of financial literacy in saving decisions has not been explored. In this paper, we build on existing studies and provide evidence supporting our hypothesis that financial literacy is key to promoting domestic saving. The study relies mainly on primary data, and the binary probit regression model is employed as the estimation technique. Our results show that improving financial literacy among Ghanaians should be incorporated into the broad policy package aimed at increasing domestic saving which is a prerequisite for investment and subsequently sustainable economic growth. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Creativity with Planned Missing Data
Authors: Fürst Guillaume 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for the assessment of creativity that relies on creativity tasks, a subjective evaluation procedure, and a planned missing data design that offers a drastic reduction in the overall implementation costs (administration time and scoring procedure). This method was tested on a sample of 149 people, using three creativity tasks as a basis. Participants were instructed to produce several ideas in each task and then to select what they considered to be their best two ideas (i.e., “Top 2” procedure; Silvia, Winterstein, Willse, Barona, et al.,Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,2, 2008 and 68). These ideas were then evaluated by a panel of peers and experts. Creativity ratings were analyzed with structural equations; measurement models were estimated for each task and correlations between factor‐scores across the three tasks were investigated. Further insights regarding validity are provided through systematic investigation of the relationship between fluency scores, creativity ratings, intelligence tasks, self‐reported idea generation abilities, and creative activities and achievements. Overall, the results support the viability of this new approach, providing evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. They are discussed in relation to past research and avenues for further extension are proposed.
Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of legume‐based swards are affected by light intensity in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
Authors: Re Giovanni A , Piluzza Giovanna , Sanna Federico , Molinu Maria G , Sulas Leonardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Mediterranean grazed woodlands, microclimate changes induced by trees influence the growth and development of the understory, although very little is known about its polyphenolic composition in relation to light intensity. We investigated the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of different legume‐based swards and variations as a result of full sunlight and partial shade. The research was carried out in a cork oak agrosilvopastoral system in Sardinia.RESULTSThe highest values of (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) reached 7 mmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g−1 dry weight (DW), total phenolics 67.1 g gallic acid equivalent kg−1 DW and total flavonoids 7.5 g catechin equivalent kg−1 DW. Compared to full sunlight, partial shade reduced DPPH values by 29% and 42%, and the total phenolic content by 23% and 53% in 100% legume mixture and semi‐natural pasture, respectively. Twelve phenolic compounds were detected: chlorogenic acid in 80% legume mixture (partial shade) and verbascoside in pure sward of bladder clover (full sunlight) were the most abundant.CONCLUSIONLight intensity significantly affected antioxidant capacity, composition and levels of phenolic compounds. The results of the present study provide new insights into the effects of light intensity on plant secondary metabolites from legume‐based swards, highlighting the important functions provided by agroforestry systems. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of nitrite‐degrading strains from Douchi and their application to degrade high nitrite in Jiangshui
Authors: Guo Xing , Liu Bianfang , Gao Lina , Zhou Yuan , Shan Yuanyuan , Lü Xin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDExcessive nitrite in food is potentially harmful to human health because of carcinogenic effects caused by its nitroso‐derivatives. Douchi, which widely distributed throughout the country, is a traditional solid fermented soybean food with low nitrite content.RESULTSIn this study, bacteria which can degrade nitrite were isolated from Douchi and identified from their 16S rDNA sequences. Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter bereziniae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus methylotrophicus were selected. It was shown that all strains were able to degrade nitrite to some extent, including Bacillus subtilis NDS1, which was able to degrade 99.41% of nitrite. The enzyme activities of these strains were determined at 24 and 48 h and were shown to correspond with their nitrite degradation rates. The strains were used to inoculate Jiangshui, a kind of traditional fermented vegetable from northwest China that often has a high nitrite content. Of the strains tested, Bacillus subtilis NDS1, Bacillus tequilensis NDS3, Acinetobacter bereziniae NDS4, Bacillus subtilis NDS6, and Bacillus subtilis NDS12 were able to degrade nitrite in Jiangshui more rapidly, with Acinetobacter bereziniae NDS4 degrading almost all nitrite in 48 h compared with 180 h of control.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the selected strains have potential to be used as nitrite‐degrading agents in food. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensory characterization of juice obtained via rehydration of freeze‐dried and spray‐dried grapefruit
Authors: Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria , Camacho Madel Mar , Agudelo Claudia , Salvador Ana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe acceptability of grapefruit juice obtained from rehydrated freeze‐dried and spray‐dried fruit was studied and compared with that of natural freshly squeezed juice and that of a commercial juice. The rheological properties, colour and solute concentration were determined. A sensory evaluation was developed to evaluate juice acceptability. Furthermore, a penalty analysis was used to determine the attributes with improvement potential as well as some CATA (check all that apply) questions, where consumers marked the most characteristic attributes of each sample.RESULTSThe rehydrated samples were different from the commercial and natural juices. When grapefruit is freeze‐dried or spray‐dried, gum arabic and bamboo fibre are added and part of the fruit pulp is present; this is not so in the other juices under study. This supposes greater viscosity, luminosity and chroma together with a reddish tone of the rehydrated juices, especially the freeze‐dried ones. It also affects their acidity, astringency and sweetness.CONCLUSIONRehydrating the freeze‐dried or spray‐dried powder to the level of the natural juice, instead of that of the crushed or liquidized grapefruit, and incorporating sugar at this stage would probably improve the quality of the samples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A continuous arc delivery optimization algorithm for CyberKnife m6
Authors: Kearney Vasant , Descovich Martina , Sudhyadhom Atchar , Cheung Joey P. , McGuinness Christopher , Solberg Timothy D. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis study aims to reduce the delivery time of CyberKnife m6 treatments by allowing for noncoplanar continuous arc delivery. To achieve this, a novel noncoplanar continuous arc delivery optimization algorithm was developed for the CyberKnife m6 treatment system (CyberArc‐m6).Methods and MaterialsCyberArc‐m6 uses a five‐step overarching strategy, in which an initial set of beam geometries is determined, the robotic delivery path is calculated, direct aperture optimization is conducted, intermediate MLC configurations are extracted, and the final beam weights are computed for the continuous arc radiation source model. This algorithm was implemented on five prostate and three brain patients, previously planned using a conventional step‐and‐shoot CyberKnife m6 delivery technique. The dosimetric quality of the CyberArc‐m6 plans was assessed using locally confined mutual information (LCMI), conformity index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI), and a variety of common clinical dosimetric objectives.ResultsUsing conservative optimization tuning parameters, CyberArc‐m6 plans were able to achieve an average CI difference of 0.036 ± 0.025, an average HI difference of 0.046 ± 0.038, and an average LCMI of 0.920 ± 0.030 compared with the original CyberKnife m6 plans. Including a 5 s per minute image alignment time and a 5‐min setup time, conservative CyberArc‐m6 plans achieved an average treatment delivery speed up of 1.545x ± 0.305x compared with step‐and‐shoot plans.ConclusionsThe CyberArc‐m6 algorithm was able to achieve dosimetrically similar plans compared to their step‐and‐shoot CyberKnife m6 counterparts, while simultaneously reducing treatment delivery times.
Direkt ins Gerät
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWissenschaftler am Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften in Dortmund erzeugen über dielektrisch behinderte Entladung kaltes Plasma. Es bringt als Ionenquelle Analyten direkt ins Massen‐ oder Ionenmobilitätsspektrometer, ohne die Moleküle dabei zu zerlegen.
Khorana und das Kupplungsreagenz DCC
Authors: Jaeger Rolf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVor 50 Jahren erhielt der indisch‐US‐amerikanische Chemiker Har Gobind Khorana den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin für seine Leistungen bei der Aufklärung des genetischen Codes. Dabei half ihm das Kupplungsreagenz Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC).
Regionales FCI‐Stipendiaten‐Treffen in Regensburg
Authors: Maier Thomas M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnfang März trafen sich 15 Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie aus Erlangen, Bayreuth und Regensburg auf Einladung von Robert Wolf, Professor für anorganische Chemie, an der Universität Regensburg.
Nachwachsende Gliedmaßen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBei vielen Amphibien und manchen Fischen wachsen amputierte Körperteile nach. Drei Genomuntersuchungen bei Künstlern der Selbstreparatur versprechen nun Einblicke in dieses Phänomen und Grundlagen, um es in der Medizin zu nutzen.