bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Posture Induced Intraocular Pressure Variations in Normal Subjects and Glaucoma Patients. Evidence from Abakaliki
Authors: Ireka OJ , Arinze OC , Aniemeka DO , Ginger-Eke H , Ezisi C , Ogbonnaya CE , Chuka-Okosa C 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is affected by factors like age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure among others. Studies have investigated the relationship between IOP and age, gender, BMI, and refractive error (3-5). There has been conflicting results as some studies have reported a correlation between IOP and age, gender, BMI, and refractive error while results from other studies found no such association.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IOP and age, gender, body mass index and refractive status in the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous eyes.

Methods:
A case controlled study involving consecutive newly diagnosed POAG and non-glaucomatous patients conducted in the eye clinic of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Demographic data included age, gender, and occupation. Height and weight were measured using a Standing Scale with calibrated metal rule. BMI was calculated as Weight (kg) / [Height (m)] 2). IOP was measured with Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer. Correlation and regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between IOP and age, gender, BMI and refractive status.

Results:
There was a direct relationship between age and IOP in non-glaucomatous subjects which was statistically significant (P < 0.001; r = 0.8). Intraocular pressure also increased with increasing age in POAG but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.18; r =0.3). There was no statistically significant difference between mean IOP in males and females of both POAG and non-glaucoma patients, with P = 0.72 and P = 0.50 respectively. BMI had a linear relationship with intraocular pressure which was statistically significant in POAG (P = 0.01; r value = 0.3) but showed no such relationship in non-glaucomatous patients (P = 0.38; r value = 0.1). The relationship between mean IOP and refractive status was not statistically significant in non-glaucomatous (P = 0.19; r = 0.2) and POAG patients (P = 0.5; r = 0.09) respectively.

Conclusion:
IOP has linear correlation with increasing age in both non-glaucomatous patients and POAG. A statistically significant relationship was found between IOP and BMI in POAG but not in non-glaucomatous eyes. There was no relationship between either the gender, or refractive status and IOP in non-glaucoma and POAG subjects respectively.
Multivariate Analysis and Scoring Prediction Model of Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation after Stroke: A Retrospective Study in Indonesia
Authors: Permana SA , Purwoko  , Sunjoyo A , Santoso SB , Thamrin MH 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Several studies have shown that atrial fibrillation (AF) detected after stroke (AFDAS) occurs in approximately 23.7% of patients with ischemic stroke.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the type, location, volume, and therapy of stroke as risk factors for AF.

Methods:
This retrospective study was composed of adult patients diagnosed with stroke in the High Care Unit (HCU) of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital. The type and location of stroke, hemorrhage volume, history of medication administration, and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) level were studied. Multivariate regression was used to determine the risk factor scoring for AF likelihood after diagnosis.

Results:
From 549 included patients, 262 (47.7%) had AF. The elderly (55.9%) and women (52.1%) constituted the majority of the study population. Seven variables that significantly contributed to AF incidence were ischemic stroke (AOR 4.12, CI 2.40–7.07, P < 0.001), cerebral cortex location (AOR 2.34, CI 1.35–4.06, P = 0.003), administration of the neuroprotective agent (AOR 0.24, CI 0.15–0.41, P < 0.001), history of hypertension (AOR 2.46, CI 1.09–5.56, P = 0.031), coronary heart disease (AOR 7.61, CI 3.82–15.15, P < 0.001), heart failure (AOR 2.80, CI 1.37–5.73, P = 0.005), and serum LDL-c with a cutoff level of 112 mg/dL (AOR 5.10, CI 3.04–8.57, P < 0.001). A scoring system from logistic regression analysis showed that a score of >1.7 may be interpreted as a risk factor AF.

Conclusion:
A scoring system from the risk factors can be used to predict the probability of AFDAS.
Correlation between ultrasound features and histopathological finding in cases of adenomyosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Basha Amira , Abdallah Manal M. , Elshourbagy Shahinaz , Elnamoury Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Background
Adenomyosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the surrounding myometrium and the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma inside the myometrium.

Aims
To compare the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound (US) features with the histopathological results for the diagnosis of adenomyosis, and to determine its sensitivity for diagnosis.

Patients and methods
A total of 100 perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients (aged 40 to 60 years old) presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. Every patient underwent a thorough history taking, general examination, and pelvic examination. The selected patients were subjected to all laboratory investigations, abdominal and vaginal US, and abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy followed by histopathological examination.

Results
45 (45%) patients had adenomyosis by transvaginal US and 52 (52%) patients had adenomyosis by histopathology with a P value of 0.105 which means that there is no significant difference between transvaginal US and histopathology in the diagnosis of adenomyosis. Transvaginal US had an 89.0% diagnostic accuracy for adenomyosis, with 82.7% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, 95.6% positive predictive value, and 83.6% negative predictive value.

Conclusion
Transvaginal US is an important diagnostic technique for adenomyosis, and there is no significant difference between ultrasound and histology in the diagnosis of the condition.
Lateral rectus resection versus lateral rectus plication in patients with residual esotropia
Authors: Elshobary Marwa K.A. , Arafa ElSayed S. , Shafik Heba M. , El-Marakby Omnia O. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Muscle resection or plication is a common treatment for strabismus by strengthening the muscle.
Lateral rectus muscle resection is a basic surgical technique for correcting residual esotropia. Plication approach is an alternative surgical technique to resection.

Aim
Is to compare the result of lateral rectus plication versus lateral rectus resection in patients with residual esotropia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, comparative, randomized interventional study which was carried on 40 eyes of 20 patients with residual esotropia All the patients underwent surgery to both eyes, they were divided into two groups according to surgical technique. Group A: 20 eyes of 10 patients underwent lateral rectus resection surgery. Group B: 20 eyes of 10 patients underwent lateral rectus plication.

Results
Postoperative success rate in two groups was 80% with main postoperative angle of deviation higher on group B.

Conclusion
Lateral rectus muscle plication technique is an alternative to resection that has the same effect as resection as obvious by the similar success rate that can be used on horizontal muscles especially when anterior ciliary vessel sparing is needed.
Evaluation of corneal biomechanical changes in moderate myopia after different techniques of corneal refractive surgeries
Authors: Shady Huda G. , Elseht Rabab M. , Hasby Hesham A. , Abdel-Halim Tamer I. 
Published: October 2024

Background
The most prevalent refractive error, which accounts for between 15 and 49% of cases worldwide, is myopia. Refractive surgery can fix refractive problems and lessen reliance on glasses or contact lenses.

Aim
This study aims to assess corneal biomechanical alterations following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (F-SMILE) in moderate myopic patients using CORVIS-ST (CST).

Patients and methods
This prospective, comparative, nonrandomized study was conducted on 40 patients’ eyes. with moderate myopia in a private center from January 2020 to December 2020, these eyes were subdivided into two groups: (a) The first group included 20 eyes that will receive PRK (b) The second group included 20 eyes that will receive F-SMILE. All participants will undergo operative (History taking, and examinations), preoperative (PRK, and F-SMILE), and postoperative (medications and Follow-up examinations) evaluations.

Results
Significant differences existed among the two groups in postoperative follow-up after 1 month and 6 months regarding deformation amplitude, radius, corvis biomechanical index, and intraocular pressure corrected biomechanically but There were insignificant differences among the two groups in terms of SPA in the same periods postoperatively.

Conclusion
Laser refractive surgery has a major impact on corneal biomechanical properties, as evidenced by significant changes in Corvis ST ocular biomechanical measures following PRK and F-SMILE procedures in myopic patients. The alterations resulting from F-SMILE are more substantial compared with PRK.
Speckle tracking echocardiography of right and left ventricles in children of atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Amer Samah M. , El Nemr Shimaa B. , El Amrosy Doaa M. , Elrasol Osama A.R. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is utilized to evaluate and quantify the heart muscle’s strain and deformation.

Aim
To assess early myocardial insult in children with atrial septal defect (ASD)/ventricular septal defect (VSD) using STE and to assess left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic function using STE.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study involved 40 infants and children having isolated VSD or isolated secundum ASD and 20 healthy children as controls. Tissue Doppler and STE were performed to assess the systolic function of RV and LV in these children.

Results
RV and LV functions in cases with ASD by tissue Doppler measures were insignificantly different between ASD and the control group. Regarding LV function in the ASD group, systolic strain rate (SS) exhibited significantly greater values among ASD cases as opposed to controls (P<0.05). Regarding RV function within the ASD group, SS, systolic function (S), early diastolic strain rate (E’), and late diastolic strain rate (A’) exhibited insignificant variance among ASD cases as well as controls. Regarding LV functions, SS, S, E’, and A’ by STE exhibited insignificantly variance among VSD cases and controls. Regarding RV functions, SS and A’ were significantly different when measured by STE between VSD cases and the control group.

Conclusions
Speckling tracking use showed potential benefits while assessing LV/RV function among cases of ASD as well as VSD.
The effect of glycemic levels on Doppler indices and pregnancy outcome in pregestational and gestational diabetic pregnant women
Authors: Zedan Sohair R.M. , El-ghorab Nagwa M. , El-Ebiary Mona T. , El-Masry Yasmine I. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as a condition where there is a varying degree of intolerance to glucose, which occurs or is initially identified throughout pregnancy.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of glycemic control on Doppler indices of uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in pregestational and GDM women and to correlate alterations in maternal levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Doppler indices related to pregnancy outcome.

Patients and methods
This prospective comparative cross-sectional work was performed on 84 diabetic patients aged from 20 to 43 years old, pregnant women with singleton living fetus, at booking, gestational age (GA) 24–28 weeks gestation. The participants categorized into two groups equal: group A: Pregestational diabetes and group B: GDM.

Results
There was an insignificant correlation between mean HbA1c % and BMI, GA, and doppler velocimetry mean results pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery (UtA), PI of umbilical artery (UA) and PI of MCA. Pregestational diabetic pregnant women was a significantly positive association with UtA PI. There was insignificant association with Age, UA PI, Middle cerebral artery PI, fasting blood sugar, 2 h postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c (%). Gestational Diabetic pregnant women had insignificant associations with age, UtA PI, UA PI, MSA PI, fasting blood sugar, 2 h postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c. Ultrasound findings, amniotic fluid index, weight, PI of UtA, PI of UA.

Conclusion
Pregestational and GDM were not correlated with irregularities in Doppler indices of uterine, umbilical, and MCA.
Comparison of optimized surface ablation and combined customized plus optimized surface ablation in myopic eyes
Authors: Abd-Elghany Fatma H.F. , Nassar El-Sayed A. , Sabry Moataz M. , Nagy Khaled A. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Proscan treats errors of refraction without affecting asphericity, while customized treatment treats correction with high-order aberration (HOA). Recently, Zyoptix HD has been used in the treatment of preoperative HOA and lower-order aberrations without inducing spherical aberrations.

Aim
To compare the visual outcomes and HOAs after optimized surface ablation versus Zyoptix HD surface ablation for myopia.

Patients and methods
A prospective comparative clinically controlled study was conducted on patients who have myopia, 40 eyes of 20 patients divided into two groups. Group I: 20 eyes underwent optimized surface ablation.
Group II: 20 eyes underwent customized plus optimized surface ablation.
The selection of treatment was according to root mean square and spherical aberration corneal topography. All participants were examined by a slit lamp just after the operation, on the first, third, seventh postoperative day, weekly for 1 month, then biweekly for 3 months.
The patients had full follow-up by best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp, Orbscan IIZ, and wavefront aberrometry using Zywave after 3 months of procedure.

Results
The comparison between preoperative uncorrected visual acuity and 3 months postoperative uncorrected visual acuity improved significantly in both groups but better in group II. The comparison between preoperative and 3 months postoperative root mean square in group I increased significantly, and in group II improved significantly, which is better in group II.

Conclusion
Zyoptix HD is superior to optimized surface ablation in the correction of low-order and high-order eye aberrations, correcting myopia and visual acuity.
Assessment of medical doctors' knowledge of new psychoactive substances and their neurobehavioural effects
Authors: Eziagu Evelyn Osemhen , Nkanga Eno-obong , Nwankwo Chidimma Ezinne , Ayorinde Ayoyinka A. , Erhunmwunsee Margaret Egan , Sunday Seyi Ogundipe , Uma Uma Agwu , Chimezie Emedoh Thomas , Uchechukwu Brian Eziagu 
Published: October 2024

New Psychoacve Substances (NPS), also known as designer drugs, pose significant public health risks due to their potent psychoacve properes and potenal neurobehavioural effects. Medical doctors play a crucial role in idenfying and addressing the health risks associated with NPS use. This study assessed medical doctors' knowledge of NPS and their neurobehavioral effects. A cross-seconal online survey of licensed medical doctors was conducted, revealing varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding NPS. While respondents showed familiarity with NPS terminology and street names, gaps existed, parcularly concerning specific NPS categories. This underscores the importance of enhancing medical professionals' understanding of NPS to ensure comprehensive paent care and informed treatment decisions.
Valuation of prescription patterns of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> drugs in outpatient department, Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital
Authors: Patel Harshika , Kwamboka Agneta , Magembe Dennis , Manyinsa Erickson , Ouma Kevine 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori infects up to half of the world’s population. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a major contributing factor for gastric ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and extra gastric disease. The main aim of this study was to observe the prescription patterns of Helicobacter pylori drugs at Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital, Meru. This infection is mostly treated by a triple-drug regimen for successful eradication. The available regimens are a combination of proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, bismuth sulfate, and histamine blockers.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional retrospective review of the patient files for Helicobacter pylori was done at Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital (MeTRH). Systematic random sampling was used to select 262 medical records for review. Data was collected using the pre-tested abstraction forms and was coded and analyzed for descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Out of the 262 medical records that were reviewed, 147 (56.4%) were males prescribed the Helicobacter pylori drug regimen. Among all the young adults (age: 12-39 years) were more likely to get Helicobacter pylori infection. The medication regimens that were highly preferred at MeTRH were 14-day and 7-day clarithromycin triple-based therapy. The 14-day triple therapy accounted for 74.5% of all patient files. The most administered drug class for Helicobacter pylori were proton pump inhibitors at 45.3% followed by antibiotics at 38.8% and the least prescribed drugs were the H2 blockers with 15.9%.
CONCLUSION
Regarding the most prescribed drug, the proton pump inhibitors while the most preferred regimen was the 14-day clarithromycin triple-based therapy. This data will certainly be important for the pharmaceutical management chain to manage the stock of analyzed drugs and also can spread awareness regards the appropriate handling of drugs which can improve adherence and reduce the rate of treatment failure and the emergence of antibiotic drug resistance.
The applications of nanocatalysts in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Sultan Alwan Ensaf 
Published: October 2024

Nanocatalysts in heterocyclic synthesis are a very important direction in producing eco-friendly compounds. These catalysts can be reused up to six times without losing their quantity and efficiency. Most of these nanocatalysts are cheap, available, economical and safe for the environment. In this review, I focused on the synthesis of furans, pyrans, chromenes and thiazoles from nanocatalysts. For example, pyranopyrazoles 8a-c were synthesized by the multicomponent reactions between aldehydes 4a-c, malononitrile (5), ethyl acetoacetate (6) and hydrazine hydrate (7) using titanium dioxide as a nanocatalyst.
KEY WORDS: Heterocyclic, Chromenes, Nanocatalysts, Eco-friendly compounds
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 123-129.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.10
Chemoselective metal free deallylation of α-allyl-phenyl-carboxylic esters under reduction condition
Authors: R. Nawghare Beena , R. Joshi Rekha , D. Lokhande Pradeep 
Published: October 2024

A simple and efficient method for chemoselective deallylation of –COO-allyl group in presence of C-allyl group has been developed. C-allyl cleavage of α-methylene compounds was successfully completed by refluxing with excess sodium borohydride in methanol. The reagent's stability, ready availability and ease of handling encourage its usage for deallylation.
KEY WORDS: C-allyl cleavage, Sodium borohydride, Chemoselectivity, Reduction
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 131-139.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.11
Thermodynamic study of pyridoxine in different solvents and temperatures: DFT study
Authors: B. Rasho Khalil , M. Al-Healy Fanar 
Published: October 2024

The equivalent conductivities (Λ) of B6 vitamin (pyridoxine) in HշՕ and MeOH were measured at different temperatures between 293 to 313 K, as well as in mixtures of H₂O and MeOH at percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40, and, 50% MeOH at 310 K. All the practical results were mathematically processed using the Lee Wheaton equation, which is applied to the derived conductivity of electrolytes with a similar composition (1:1). This equation calculates various conductivity components, including the equivalent conductance at infinite dilution (Λₒ), the ionic conductivity, the distance between ions (R), and also the constant of ionic aggregation (Ka) at best-fit values of (ϬΛ). The values of these parameters differed from one solvent to another depending on the molecular interactions in the solution and the physical properties of the solvents, such as viscosity and dielectric constant. Finally, thermodynamic quantities for the ion association reaction (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were also studied. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP/6-31G (d,p)) were employed to analyze vitamin B6 in the gas phase and diverse solvents. Three different continuum methods, namely AM1, PM3, and HF, were utilized, followed by DFT. The final method was utilized to explore the effects on its characteristics.
KEY WORDS: Electrical conductivity, Lee-Wheaton equation, Theoretical chemistry, DFT.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 165-176.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.14
Electrical conductance study of Schiff base in different solvents and temperatures: DFT calculation
Authors: M. Aran Marwan , H. Abdulrahman Shaymaa 
Published: October 2024

The electrical conductivities of the N-(2-chlorobenzylidene)benzylamine (NCB) as Schiff bases (SB) compound in water and methanol were studied in different temperatures, the mixtures of methanol and water studied in various percentages of methanol at 298 K. Initially, the relationship between equivalent conductivity and the square root of molar concentration was plotted to find electrolyte types using Kohlrausch equations. The plot indicates that NCB was weakly associated with water, methanol, and mixtures. Lee-Wheaton equation treated the experimental results of symmetrical electrolytes (1:1) to calculate the conductivity confines: equivalent conductance at infinite dilution Λₒ, association constant KA, and the main distance between ions in solution (R) at best-fit values of (ϬΛ). Thermodynamic quantities for the ion association reaction (∆Go, ∆Ho and ∆So) have been measured. Also, the theoretical calculation was used to optimize the energy of the molecule in the gas phase then measured many descriptors by using (AM1, PM3) then DFT. In addition, recalculated the optimization energy in water, and methanol. After theoretical calculation and analysis, it was found that the Λₒ value is related to the molecular volume of the system (molecules assembled in the solvent). As the molecular volume increases, the Λₒ value decreases due to association.
KEY WORDS: Schiff bases, Electrical conductivities, Lee-Wheaton equation, Thermodynamic parameter, DFT
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 177-187.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.15