bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fused deposition modeling with polyamide 1012
Authors: Gao Xia , Zhang Daijun , Wen Xiangning , Qi Shunxin , Su Yunlan , Dong Xia 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis work aims to develop a new kind of semicrystalline polymer filament and optimize its printing parameters in the fused deposition modeling process. The purpose of this work also includes producing FDM parts with good ductility.Design/methodology/approachA new kind of semicrystalline filaments composed of long-chain polyamide (PA)1012 was prepared by controlling screw speed and pulling speed carefully. The optimal printing parameters for PA1012 filaments were explored through investigating dimensional accuracy and bonding strength of FDM parts. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PA1012 specimens were also evaluated by varying nozzle temperatures and raster angles.FindingsIt is found that PA1012 filaments can accommodate for FDM process under suitable printing parameters. The print quality and mechanical properties of FDM parts highly depend on nozzle temperature and bed temperature. Even though higher temperatures facilitate stronger interlayer bonding, FDM parts with excellent tensile strength were obtained at a moderate nozzle temperature. Moreover, a bed temperature well above the glass transition temperature of PA1012 can eliminate shrinkage and distortion of FDM parts. As expected, FDM parts prepared with PA1012 filaments exhibit good ductility.Originality/valueResults in this work demonstrate that the PA1012 filament allows the production of FDM parts with desired mechanical performance. This indicates the potential for overcoming the dependence on amorphous thermoplastics as a feedstock in the FDM technique. This work also provides insight into the effect of materials properties on the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts.
Is voluntary external assurance relevant for the valuation of environmental reporting by firms in environmentally sensitive industries?
Authors: Radhouane Ikram , Nekhili Mehdi , Nagati Haithem , Paché Gilles 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether providing voluntary external assurance on voluntary environmental information by firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries (ESI) is relevant in terms of market value. It also examines how various characteristics of assurance statements (i.e. level of assurance, scope of assurance and provider of assurance) affect the value-relevance of environmental disclosure by ESI firms.Design/methodology/approachTo mitigate the endogeneity problem, the authors use the two-step generalized method of moments estimation approach.FindingsFocusing on annual and social reports of French companies listed in the SBF120 index, results show that environmental disclosure by ESI firms and its assurance are destructive in terms of market value. Moreover, while providing a broader scope of assurance and having a professional accountant as the assurance provider enhance the value relevance of environmental reporting of the whole sample, this is unlikely to be the case for ESI firms. In particular, a higher level of environmental disclosure is financially rewarded by market participants for ESI firms that provide a higher level of assurance.Practical implicationsThe study provides a better understanding of the circumstances under which market participants assign value to voluntary environmental information disclosed by companies operating in ESI. It also provides insights into the value added to different characteristics inherent in the quality of assurance provided with regard to environmental disclosure.Social implicationsThe study indicates that the institutional context of the relationship between the firm and its shareholders influence the value obtained from assurance. Results provide value insights regarding cultural and legal dimensions of environmental reporting.Originality/valueThe study extends the prior literature on the capital market benefits of voluntary assurance practices by focusing on the French legal environment. France can be considered as a new institutional context that has been little addressed by the existing literature.
Exploring the evolutionary dynamics of Rhizobium plasmids through bipartite network analysis
Authors: Li Xiangchen , Wang Hao , Tong Wenjun , Feng Li , Wang Lina , Rahman Siddiq Ur. , Wei Gehong , Tao Shiheng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe genus Rhizobium usually has a multipartite genome architecture with a chromosome and several plasmids, making these bacteria a perfect candidate for plasmid biology studies. As there are no universally shared genes among typical plasmids, network analyses can complement traditional phylogenetics in a broad‐scale study of plasmid evolution. Here, we present an exhaustive analysis of 216 plasmids from 49 complete genomes of Rhizobium by constructing a bipartite network that consists of two classes of nodes, the plasmids and homologous protein families that connect them. Dissection of the network using a hierarchical clustering strategy reveals extensive variety, with 34 homologous plasmid clusters. Four large clusters including one cluster of symbiotic plasmids and two clusters of chromids carrying some truly essential genes are widely distributed among Rhizobium. In contrast, the other clusters are quite small and rare. Symbiotic clusters and rare accessory clusters are exogenetic and do not appear to have co‐evolved with the common accessory clusters; the latter ones have a large coding potential and functional complementarity for different lifestyles in Rhizobium. The bipartite network also provides preliminary evidence of Rhizobium plasmid variation and formation including genetic exchange, plasmid fusion and fission, exogenetic plasmid transfer, host plant selection, and environmental adaptation.
Methodological decisions influence the identification of potential core outcomes in studies related to pre‐eclampsia: an analysis informing the development of recommendations for future core outcome set developers
Authors: Duffy JMN , Hirsch M , Ziebland S , McManus RJ ,   the International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes in Pre‐eclampsia (iHOPE)
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo quantify the effect of different methodological decisions on the identification of potential core outcomes to inform the development of recommendations for future core coutcome set developers.DesignMixed methods study.SettingA core outcome set for pre‐eclampsia was used as an exemplar.SampleA long list of potential core outcomes was developed by undertaking a systematic review of pre‐eclampsia trials and performing a thematic analysis of in‐depth patient interviews.MethodsSpecific methods used to generate long lists of potential core outcomes were evaluated.ResultsDifferent methodological decisions had a substantial impact on the identification of potential core outcomes. Extracting outcomes from published pre‐eclampsia trials was an effective way of identifying 48 maternal, eight fetal, 25 neonatal outcomes, and eight patient‐reported outcomes. Limiting the extraction of outcomes to primary outcomes or outcomes commonly reported in pre‐eclampsia trials reduced the number and diversity of potential core outcomes identified. Thematic analysis of in‐depth patient interviews ensured an additional five patient reported outcomes and six outcomes related to future child health were identified.ConclusionsFuture core outcome set developers should use quantitative and qualitative methods when developing a long list of potential core outcomes.Tweetable abstract@OfficialNIHR research published in @BJOGtweets informs new recommendations for future @coreoutcomes developers.
Food Safety and Adverse Selection in Rural Maize Markets
Authors: Kadjo Didier , Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , Shively Gerald , Abdoulaye Tahirou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithout enforced standards or reliable third‐party verification, food safety threats such as pesticide residues and aflatoxin contamination are generally unobservable or only partially observable to both buyers and sellers, especially of staple foods in rural maize markets in sub‐Saharan Africa. As a result, sellers have more information about food quality than do buyers. Such information asymmetries can impede market development and undermine human health. We study farm household behaviour in the context of imperfect food safety information. We pool observations obtained from 707 food storage containers maintained by 309 farm households in Benin, surveyed following the maize harvests of 2011/2012 and 2013/2014. Our results indicate that when a household perceives a food safety risk associated with application of insecticides, on average it is 33 percentage points less likely to apply insecticides to maize it intends to consume than it is to maize it intends to sell. These individuals are also more likely to sell maize than households without food safety concerns. Results highlight the potential value of improved storage technologies and quality control to promote market transactions and reduce hidden health risks.
Animal–vehicle collisions in Victoria, Australia: An under‐recognised cause of road traffic crashes
Authors: Ang Jia Ying , Gabbe Belinda , Cameron Peter , Beck Ben 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveNon‐fatal injuries sustained from animal–vehicle collisions are a globally under‐recognised road safety issue, with limited data on these crash types. The present study aimed to quantify the number and causes of major trauma events resulting from animal–vehicle collisions.MethodsThe study was a retrospective analysis of major trauma cases occurring in Victoria, Australia, between 2007 and 2016, using data from the population‐based Victorian State Trauma Registry. To identify animal–vehicle collisions, Victorian State Trauma Registry injury codes were combined with text‐mining of the text description of the injury event.ResultsOver the 10 year period, there were 152 major trauma patients who were admitted to Victorian trauma‐receiving hospitals due to vehicle collisions with animals. The crude population‐based incidence rate for animal–vehicle collisions increased by 6.7% per year (incidence rate ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.13; P = 0.02).ConclusionDevelopment of systematic recording methods of animal–vehicle collisions will improve reporting of these crash types to assist future studies in implementing effective countermeasures.
Treat‐to‐target and shared decision making in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Is it feasible?
Authors: Falzer Paul R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimCurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guidelines have incorporated a treat‐to‐target (T2T) approach and require that it be implemented through shared decision making (SDM). Current discourse has questioned whether collaborative T2T is feasible in RA, in part because of discrepancies in the way that patients and practitioners assess progress and decide whether to consider a change in the current treatment. A previous study found that patients' willingness to change is directly associated with their disease activity (DA) scores. The current study continues this line of research by developing and testing a model that describes the role of DA and illness beliefs on RA patients' progress assessments.MethodA questionnaire administered to 156 patients with RA included a self‐assessed DA measure (Rapid‐4), an illness belief battery (BIPQ), and a progress assessment question. These items populated a descriptive model, based on situation awareness (SA) theory. It posits that progress assessment scores are products of 3 sequential steps: perception, understanding, and forecasting. The first 2 steps were measured by DA scores, the 3rd by illness beliefs. The model was tested using general linear model techniques.ResultsAll six measures were significantly related to progress assessment scores. The full SA model accounted for over 50% of the variance. The best fitting model included a pain measure at step 1, global disability at step 2, and illness beliefs at step 3.ConclusionFindings suggest that implementing T2T through SDM is feasible, that there is substantial commonality between how patients and practitioners assess progress, and that discrepancies may be complementary and addressed through interaction. The SA model helps to explain previous findings about the influence of illness beliefs on patients' judgments. It is suggested that future studies acknowledge the feasibility of collaborative T2T and focus attention on how it can work more effectively and comprehensively.
Genome‐wide scan identifies opioid overdose risk locus close to MCOLN1
Authors: Cheng Zhongshan , Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhou Hang , Nunez Yaira , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe United States is experiencing the worst opioid overdose (OpOD) crisis in its history. We carried out a genome‐wide association study on OpOD severity among 3 477 opioid‐exposed individuals, 1 019 of whom experienced OpODs, including 2 032 European Americans (EAs) (653 overdose cases), and 1 445 African Americans (AAs) (366 overdose cases). Participants were scored 1 to 4 based on their reported overdose status and the number of times that medical treatment was required. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of EAs and AAs separately resulted in two genome‐wide significant (GWS) signals in AAs but none in EAs. The first signal was represented by three closely mapped variants (rs115208233, rs116181528, and rs114077267) located near mucolipin 1 (MCOLN1) and patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 6 (PNPLA6), and the other signal was represented by rs369098800 near dead‐box helicase 18 (DDX18). There were no additional GWS signals in the trans‐population meta‐analysis, so that post‐GWAS analysis focused on these loci. In network analysis, MCOLN1 was coexpressed with PNPLA6, but only MCOLN1‐associated genes were enriched in functional categories relevant to OpOD, including calcium and cation channel activities; no enrichment was observed for PNPLA6‐associated genes. Drug repositioning analysis was carried out in the connectivity map (CMap) database for MCOLN1 (PNPLA6 was not available in CMap) and showed that the opioid agonist drug‐induced expression profile is similar to that of MCOLN1 overexpression and yielded the highest‐ranked expression profile of 83 drug classes. Thus, MCOLN1 may be a risk gene for OpOD, but replication is needed. This knowledge could be helpful in the identification of drug targets for preventing OpOD.
Climate change and voltinism of Mythimna sequax: the location and choice of phenological models matter
Authors: Jacques Jullia , Sampaio Fabio , dos Santos Hevellyn Talissa , Marchioro Cesar Augusto 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Temperature is a key environmental factor affecting the growth, development, survival and reproduction of insects.
Although it is widely known that the relationship between temperature and insect development rate is nonlinear, model‐based studies have been conducted to investigate the global warming impacts on insect voltinism using the degree‐day approach based on a linear model.
In the present study, the wheat armyworm Mythimna sequax (Franclemont) was used as a model organism to test whether voltinism estimated under current and future climate conditions varied among phenological models, locations and climate change scenarios.
In general, voltinism increased in different years and climate change scenarios compared with current climatic conditions. The degree‐day overestimated the number of generations compared with the nonlinear models and also predicted an increase in voltinism in the entire study area as a result of global warming.
Location, phenological model and the interaction between these factors explained 94% of the variance in the estimated voltinism.
The results obtained in the present study reveal that the choice of phenological models affects voltinism predictions and that a nonlinear model can be used to understand the effects of climate change on insect voltinism, especially in regions where temperature will reach the upper threshold of a species more often.
Peacekeepers against Criminal Violence—Unintended Effects of Peacekeeping Operations?
Authors: Di Salvatore Jessica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch shows that peacekeepers reduce conflict intensity; however, effects of deployment on nonpolitical violence are unknown. This article focuses on criminal violence and proposes a twofold mechanism to explain why peacekeeping missions, even when effectively reducing conflict, can inadvertently increase criminal violence. First, less conflict opens up economic opportunities (so‐called peacekeeping economies) and provides operational security for organized crime, thus increasing violent competition among criminal groups. Second, demobilized combatants are vulnerable to turn to crime because of limited legal livelihood opportunities and their training in warfare. While UN troops may exacerbate these dynamics, UN police's peculiar role is likely to successfully contain criminal violence. Cross‐national and subnational empirical analyses show that large UN military deployments result in higher homicide rates, whereas UN police, overall, moderate this collateral effect.
Loss of retinal tension and permanent decrease in retinal function: a new porcine model of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Sørensen Nina Buus , Christiansen Anders Tolstrup , Kjær Troels Wesenberg , Klemp Kristian , Cour Morten la , Heegaard Steffen , Warfvinge Karin , Kiilgaard Jens Folke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposePermanent loss of visual function after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can occur despite successful surgical reattachment in humans. New treatment modalities could be explored in a detachment model with loss of retinal function. In previous porcine models, retinal function has returned after reattachment, regardless of height and duration of detachment. Difference in retinal tension between the models and the disease might explain these different outcomes. This study investigates, for the first time in an in vivo porcine model, another characteristic of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment – the loss of retinal tension.MethodsLeft eyes (n = 12) of 3‐month‐old domestic pigs were included. Baseline multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and a fundus photograph were obtained following anaesthesia (isoflurane). The pigs were vitrectomized, saline was injected subretinally, and the RPE was removed. The eyes were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. Four eyes were enucleated at each evaluation for histologic examinations.ResultsA retinal detachment structurally resembling rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was induced in 11 out of 12 pigs. MfERG amplitudes were significantly decreased despite partial reattachment four and 6 weeks after detachment. The retinal thickness decreased with 27%, the inner nuclear layer degenerated, Müller cells hypertrophied, and outer segments were lost. In the ganglion cell layer, cellularity increased and there was cytoplasmic staining with Cyclin D1. Vimentin and GFAP staining for glial cells increased. After 2 weeks of detachment, the ganglion cells had lost their nucleus and nucleolus.ConclusionsLoss of retinal tension in the detached retina seems to induce permanent damage with loss of retinal function. Death of ganglion cells, observed as soon as 2 weeks after detachment, explains the permanent loss of retinal function. The new model enables investigations of time‐relationship between retinal detachment and lasting damage in addition to exploration of novel treatment modalities.
Retinal vessel phenotype in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Chiquet Christophe , Gavard Olivier , Arnould Louis , Mautuit Thibaud , Macgillivray Tom J. , Bron Alain M. , Semecas Rachel , Trucco Emmanuele , Florent Aptel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the phenotype of retinal vessels using central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), tortuosity and fractal dimension (FD) in primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects.MethodsThis prospective case–control multicentre study included 61 POAG subjects and 61 controls matched for age, systemic hypertension and body mass index. Fundus images of the right eye were acquired using a non‐mydriatic camera. Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), CRVE, arteriole‐to‐venule ratio, FD and tortuosity of the vascular network were measured using VAMPIRE software (Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina). Primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) patients underwent 24.2 sita‐standard visual field and peri‐papillary optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. Data were expressed as median and interquartile range (75–25th percentiles).ResultsThe control group was comparable to the POAG group for sex ratio, refraction and intraocular pressure. The mean CRAE and the mean CRVE were significantly lower in the POAG group than in the control group [150.5 (137.9; 157.1) μm versus 161.3 (154.0; 168.4) μm and 204.8 (190.1; 218.1) μm versus 233.5 (222.3; 246.9) μm, respectively; p < 0.001] and for fractal parameters as well. No significant difference was found for tortuosity between the two groups. There was a significant correlation between CRAE and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness (r = 0.27; p = 0.03). VAMPIRE parameters were not correlated with visual field indices.ConclusionPrimary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) was associated with a narrowing of arterial and venous retinal vessels, a higher arteriole‐to‐venule ratio and lower values of FD. The relationship between CRAE and RNFL thickness needs further investigation.
Periocular necrotizing soft tissue infection in Greater Copenhagen
Authors: Würtz Natacha Storm , Mikkelsen Lauge Hjorth , Jørgensen Jesper Skovlund , Hansen Michael Stormly , Madsen Martin Bruun , Hyldegaard Ole , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeNecrotizing soft tissue infection, also known as necrotizing fasciitis (NF), is a fast‐spreading life‐threatening infection that most commonly affects the lower limbs, groin, or abdomen. Periocular necrotizing fasciitis (PNF) is rare. Limited data exist on PNF immune cell subset; hence, this study aims to determine the representation of immune cell subsets in patients diagnosed with PNF using immunohistochemical stainings.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with PNF at Copenhagen University Hospital from 2008 to 2018 were included. Their electronic medical records and pathology reports were assessed, and available tissue specimens were reviewed and stained with monoclonal antibodies for CD1a+ Langerhans’ cells, CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD15+ granulocytes, CD44+ lymphohematopoietic cells, CD68+ histiocytes, CD79α+ B lymphocytes, and FXIIIa+ dendritic macrophages and Langerhans’ cells. The number of positive cells was counted, and an average score was calculated. The location of immune cells and bacteria was assessed.ResultsThe specimens were characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the fascia, while striated muscle involvement was less frequent. Haemolytic group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were identified and mainly located in the deep dermis and subcutis in close relation to the fascia. Only few areas harboured both bacteria and inflammatory cells. Granulocytes, histiocytes and CD44+ lymphohematopoietic cells were demonstrated to be abundant in all patients, while B and T lymphocytes, dendritic macrophages and Langerhans’ cells were less frequent.ConclusionThe immune cell subsets found in this study of PNF were consistent with those identified in the literature on NF in other anatomical locations. This study concludes that immune cells are abundant and exhibit a typical pattern in PNF.
Letter: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is safe for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus. Authors’ reply
Authors: Pan Calvin Q. , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Wang et al and Fan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15064 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15305.