bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microlensing Path Parameterization for Earth-like Exoplanet Detection around Solar-mass Stars
Authors: de Almeida L. , do Nascimento J.-D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We propose a new parameterization of the impact parameter u
0 and impact angle α for microlensing systems composed by an Earth-like exoplanet around a solar-mass star at 1 au. We present the caustic topology of such system, as well as the related light curves generated by using such a new parameterization. Based on the same density of points and accuracy of regular methods, we obtain results five times faster for discovering Earth-like exoplanets. In this big data revolution of photometric astronomy, our method will impact future missions like WFIRST (NASA) and Euclid (ESA) and their data pipelines, providing a rapid and deep detection of exoplanets for this specific class of microlensing event that might otherwise be lost.
A Survey of Changes in Magnetic Helicity Flux on the Photosphere During Relatively Low-class Flares
Authors: Bi Yi , Liu Ying D , Liu Yanxiao , Yang Jiayan , Xu Zhe , Ji Kaifan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Using the 135 s cadence of the photospheric vector data provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager telescope on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory, we examined the time evolution of magnetic helicity fluxes across the photosphere during 16 flares with the energy class lower than M5.0. During the flare, in four out of 16 events, we found impulsive changes in the helicity fluxes. This indicates that even the flare with less energy could be associated with anomalistic transportation of the magnetic helicity across the photosphere. Accompanying the impulsive helicity fluxes, the poynting fluxes across the photosphere evolved from positive to negative. As such, the transportations of magnetic energy across the photosphere were toward the solar interior during these flares. In each of the four events, the impulsive change in the helicity flux was always mainly contributed by an abrupt change in the horizontal velocity field on a sunspot located near the flaring polarity inversion line. The velocity field on each sunspot shows either an obvious vortex pattern or a shearing pattern relative to the magnetic polarity, which tended to relax the magnetic twist or shear in the corona. During these flares, an abrupt change in the Lorentz force acting on these sunspots was found. The rotational motions and shearing motions of these sunspots always had the same directions with the resultant Lorentz forces. These results support the view that the impulsive helicity transportation during the flare could be driven by the change in the Lorentz force applied on the photosphere.
Investigation of Energetic Particle Release Using Multi-point Imaging and In Situ Observations
Authors: Zhu Bei , Liu Ying D. , Kwon Ryun-Young , Wang Rui 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The solar eruption on 2012 January 27 resulted in a wide-spread solar energetic particle event observed by STEREO A and the near-Earth spacecraft (separated by 108°). The event was accompanied by an X-class flare, extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave and fast coronal mass ejection. We investigate the particle release by comparing the release times of particles at the spacecraft and the times when magnetic connectivity between the source and the spacecraft was established. The EUV wave propagating to the magnetic footpoint of the spacecraft in the lower corona and the shock expanding to the open field line connecting the spacecraft in the upper corona are thought to be responsible for the particle release. We track the evolution of the EUV wave and model the propagation of the shock using EUV and white-light observations. No obvious evidence indicates that the EUV wave reached the magnetic footpoint of either STEREO A or L1-observers. Our shock modeling shows that the release time of the particles observed at L1 was consistent with the time when the shock first established contact with the magnetic field line connecting L1-observers. The release of the particles observed by STEREO A was delayed relative to the time when the shock was initially connected to STEREO A via the magnetic field line. We suggest that the particle acceleration efficiency of the portion of the shock connected to the spacecraft determines the release of energetic particles at the spacecraft.
A Study of the Strong Gravity Region of the Black Hole in GS 1354–645
Authors: Xu Yerong , Nampalliwar Sourabh , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Dauser Thomas , García Javier A. , Jiang Jiachen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is thought that the spacetime metric around astrophysical black holes is well described by the Kerr solution of Einstein’s gravity. However, robust observational evidence of the Kerr nature of these objects is still lacking. Here we fit the X-ray spectrum of the stellar-mass black hole in GS 1354–645 with a disk reflection model beyond Einstein’s gravity in order test the Kerr black hole hypothesis. We consider the Johannsen metric with the deformation parameters α
13 and α
22. The Kerr metric is recovered for

. For α
22 = 0, our measurements of the black hole spin and of the deformation parameter α
13 are

and −0.34 < α
13 < 0.16, respectively. For α
13 = 0, we find a
* > 0.975 and −0.09 < α
22 < 0.42. All the reported uncertainties are at 99% of confidence level for two relevant parameters.
Observing the Influence of Growing Black Holes on the Pre-reionization IGM
Authors: Vasiliev Evgenii O. , Sethi Shiv K. , Shchekinov Yuri A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We consider the cosmological implications of the formation of the first stellar size black holes (BHs) in the universe. Such BHs form and grow by accretion in minihaloes of masses ≃105–107

, and emit nonthermal radiation that affects the ionization and thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We compute the implications of this process. We show that the influence regions for hydrogen increase to 10 kpc (physical length) for non-growing BHs to more than 0.3–1 Mpc for accreting BHs; the influence regions are ten times smaller for singly ionized helium. We consider three possible observables from the influence zones around accreting BHs during 8.5 < z < 25: the H i 21 cm line, the hyperfine line of 3He ii, and the H i recombination lines. We show that the 21 cm emitting region around a growing BH could produce brightness temperatures ≃15 mK across an evolving structure of 1 Mpc with hot, ionized gas closer to the BH and much cooler gas in outer regions. We show that current and upcoming radio interferometers such as the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) SKA1-LOW might be able to detect these regions. The 3He ii emission from regions surrounding the growing BH is weak: the corresponding brightness temperatures reach tens of nano-Kelvin, which is below the range of the upcoming SKA1-MED. We show that for growing BHs, the Hα line could be detected by the James Webb Space Telescope with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 in 104 s of integration. In light on the recent result of the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES), we show that with additional cooling of baryons owing to collision with dark matter, the H i signal could be enhanced by more than an order of magnitude.
Du management bienveillant à la communauté de travail : le cas Yves Rocher
Authors: Glaisner Johan , Masclef Olivier 
Published: September 2018

En 2018, Yves Rocher a été classée meilleur site de e-business par la FEVAD. Or l’entreprise a opté pour une GRH et un management différents des usages habituellement observés dans les activités de supply chain : elle pratique la bienveillance généralisée dans son management et ses relations de travail. L’objectif de cet article est d’observer la réalité et la matérialisation de cette bienveillance. Au moyen d’une méthodologie enracinée, notre recherche nous a non seulement conduits à voir comment cette bienveillance se concrétisait dans les pratiques, mais encore à déceler un sous-bassement qui rend cette bienveillance opératoire : une dynamique communautaire.
De l’économie collaborative à « l’ubérisation » du travail : les plateformes numériques comme outils de gestion des ressources humaines
Authors: Galiere Sophia 
Published: September 2018

Si l’économie collaborative a initialement suscité des espoirs d’une modalité alternative de travail voire de société (OuiShare, 2015), les plateformes numériques de travail de pair à pair se retrouvent aujourd’hui au cœur de controverses résumées par le néologisme « uberisation ». Leurs conséquences sociales déstabilisatrices ont fait l’objet d’abondantes recherches scientifiques, mais peu ont questionné la prétention des plateformes à remettre en cause les formes de management issues de l’entreprise traditionnelle. Les plateformes ont construit un mythe (Stemler, 2017) autour d’elles et se présentent comme de simples intermédiaires de marché ou des innovations techniques radicales, permettant aux prestataires de les approprier et de travailler avec selon leurs propres volontés. Notre recherche entend au contraire analyser les plateformes de travail de pair à pair sous l’angle des outils de gestion, pourvus du fait de leur matérialité d’un pouvoir structurant sur les comportements des prestataires. L’idée est de déconstruire le mythe construit par les plateformes en donnant à voir la variété des pratiques managériales qu’elles opèrent. À partir d’une méthodologie qualitative couplant analyses documentaires et entretiens semi-directifs avec des prestataires, nous élaborerons une typologie des diverses formes de management que les plateformes peuvent mobiliser. En distinguant plateformes « opératrices » et « places de marché », nous conceptualiserons les plateformes comme outils de gestion de ressources humaines prescrivant le travail et servant de support pour la fidélisation d’une communauté de travailleurs. Enfin, nous nuancerons l’innovation promise par les plateformes en donnant à voir des formes de continuités avec les tendances du management moderne à rechercher l’efficacité à partir d’arrangements dépersonnalisés.
Immobilization of Captive Wapiti Cervus canadensis with Azaperone and Xylazine
Authors: Stewart Jamie L. , Strahl-Heldreth Danielle E. , Shipley Clifford F. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Xylazine, an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is commonly used in combination with other drugs for safe and effective immobilization of North American wapiti Cervus canadensis. Azaperone is a neuroleptic sedative that reduces the stress of immobilization and handling, but there are no reports of its efficacy when combined with xylazine for use in wapiti. Our objective was to test the efficacy of a combination of xylazine and azaperone to remotely immobilize captive wapiti for performing routine procedures. We administered drugs intramuscularly using a CO2-powered projector with commercially made darts. We successfully immobilized 11 of 12 wapiti with one remote injection containing estimated doses of 1.3 ± 0.05 mg/kg xylazine and 0.2 ± 0.03 mg/kg azaperone (mean ± SD), and immobilized animals were recumbent at 2–12 min after injection (mean: 6 min 40 s). We administered tolazoline as a reversal for xylazine at an estimated dose of 3.0 ± 0.6 mg/kg intramuscularly, and all wapiti were standing within 14 min of reversal administration. In a subset of three wapiti, a moderate hypoxemia occurred immediately after immobilization but resolved by 60 min, before xylazine reversal. The combination of xylazine and azaperone resulted in smooth and safe immobilization for performing routine processing in captive North American wapiti. Further studies are needed to determine whether this combination and dose of drugs would be sufficient for immobilization of free-ranging wapiti.
Proinflammatory Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Induced Epithelial HMGB1 on Human Innate Immune Cell Activation
Authors: Rayavara Kempaiah , Kurosky Alexander , Stafford Susan J. , Garg Nisha J. , Brasier Allan R. , Garofalo Roberto P. , Hosakote Yashoda M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein that translocates to the cytoplasm and is subsequently released to the extracellular space during infection and injury. Once released, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern and regulates immune and inflammatory responses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and elderly, for which no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. This study investigated the effects of HMGB1 on cytokine secretion, as well as the involvement of NF-κB and TLR4 pathways in RSV-induced HMGB1 release in human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and its proinflammatory effects on several human primary immune cells. Purified HMGB1 was incubated with AECs (A549 and small alveolar epithelial cells) and various immune cells and measured the release of proinflammatory mediators and the activation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK. HMGB1 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK but did not induce the release of cytokines/chemokines from AECs. However, addition of HMGB1 to immune cells did significantly induce the release of cytokines/chemokines and activated the NF-κB and P38 MAPK pathways. We found that activation of NF-κB accounted for RSV-induced HMGB1 secretion in AECs in a TLR4-dependent manner. These results indicated that HMGB1 secreted from AECs can facilitate the secretion of proinflammatory mediators from immune cells in a paracrine mechanism, thus promoting the inflammatory response that contributes to RSV pathogenesis. Therefore, blocking the proinflammatory function of HMGB1 may be an effective approach for developing novel therapeutics.
Modeling the formation and composition of secondary organic aerosol from diesel exhaust using parameterized and semi-explicit chemistry and thermodynamic models
Authors: Eluri Sailaja , Cappa Christopher D. , Friedman Beth , Farmer Delphine K. , Jathar Shantanu H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Laboratory-based studies have shown that combustion sources emit volatile organic compounds that can be photooxidized in the atmosphere to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In some cases, this SOA can exceed direct emissions of primary organic aerosol (POA). Jathar et al. (2017a) recently reported on experiments that used an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) to measure the photochemical production of SOA from a diesel engine operated at two different engine loads (idle, load), two fuel types (diesel, biodiesel), and two aftertreatment configurations (with and without an oxidation catalyst and particle filter). In this work, we used two different SOA models, the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) model and the Statistical Oxidation Model (SOM), to simulate the formation and composition of SOA for those experiments. Leveraging recent laboratory-based parameterizations, both frameworks accounted for a semi-volatile and reactive POA; SOA production from semi-volatile, intermediate-volatility, and volatile organic compounds (SVOC, IVOC and VOC); NOx-dependent parameterizations; multigenerational gas-phase chemistry; and kinetic gas–particle partitioning. Both frameworks demonstrated that for model predictions of SOA mass to agree with measurements across all engine load–fuel–aftertreatment combinations, it was necessary to model the kinetically limited gas–particle partitioning in OFRs and account for SOA formation from IVOCs, which were on average found to account for 70 % of the model-predicted SOA. Accounting for IVOCs, however, resulted in an average underprediction of 28 % for OA atomic O : C ratios. Model predictions of the gas-phase organic compounds (resolved in carbon and oxygen space) from the SOM compared favorably to gas-phase measurements from a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS), substantiating the semi-explicit chemistry captured by the SOM. Model–measurement comparisons were improved on using SOA parameterizations corrected for vapor wall loss. As OFRs are increasingly used to study SOA formation and evolution in laboratory and field environments, models such as those developed in this work can be used to interpret the OFR data.
A new method to identify flux ropes in space plasmas
Authors: Huang Shiyong , Zhao Pufan , He Jiansen , Yuan Zhigang , Zhou Meng , Fu Huishan , Deng Xiaohua , Pang Ye , Wang Dedong , Yu Xiongdong , Li Haimeng , Torbert Roy , Burch James 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Flux ropes are frequently observed in the space plasmas, such as
solar wind, planetary magnetosphere and magnetosheath etc., and play an
important role in the reconnection process and mass and flux transportation.
One usually uses bipolar signature and strong core field to identify the flux
ropes. We propose here one new method to identify flux ropes based on the
correlations between the variables of the data from in situ spacecraft
observations and the “target function to be correlated” (TFC) from the ideal
flux rope model. Through comparing the correlation coefficients of different
variables at different times and scales, and performing weighted-average
techniques, this method can derive the scales and locations of the flux ropes.
We compare it with other methods and also discuss the limitation of our
method.
NATURAL RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS: STILL A MYSTERY
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Helfer Carin A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Currently, Hevea brasiliensis (the Brazilian rubber tree) is the only commercially available source of natural rubber (NR) for use in many products, which vary from tires to medical products such as adhesive bandages. H. brasiliensis NR is used in these products because after vulcanization, superior properties, which include elasticity, abrasion resistance, and efficient heat dispersion, result. Issues, such as increasing demand and risk of a single source, make a synthetic (manmade) NR an attractive option. However, after years of research efforts, the exact structure of high-molecular-weight NR is still unproven, and a synthetic NR with similar properties to H. brasiliensis NR still has not been developed. To create a replacement synthetic rubber for H. brasiliensis NR, we believe an understanding of NR biosynthesis is necessary. We present a view of NR biosynthesis from a polymer chemistry viewpoint that is based on insight into the mechanism and kinetics of living carbocationic polymerization.
An Improviser's Journey into Gestalt Thinking and Practice
Authors: Maurer Rick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe author is consistently surprised by the Gestalt community's openness to improvisation as he explores new ways to adapt classic terminology and presentation methods to his particular needs. He explores the Gestalt concepts that informed his work and follows their transition into imagery and tools that his management consulting clients grasp immediately and viscerally. He discovers that, although Gestalt teaching now includes a focus on work groups and organizations, the field still was using language best suited to individuals in therapeutic settings. The author works with individuals and groups in organizations' departments and in organizations, but thanks to the Gestalt community's encouragement and the inherent flexibility of the tools themselves, he has expanded their application, making them relevant in a corporate setting. This spirit of improvisation, he argues, is critical to the evolution of Gestalt practice.
Home and the Holocaust in Selected Paintings of Marc Chagall and Yiddish Poems of David Fram
Authors: Frankel Hazel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Marc Chagall's world-renowned paintings and the little-known Yiddish poetry of the Lithuanian-South African David Fram reflect a similar zeitgeist and time in history, but their choice of visual as opposed to verbal language affected their interpretations. This article argues for the influence of their similar origins, background, culture, and Jewishness on their oeuvres. Living in exile, their works express their longing for home and their responses to its destruction and loss during the Holocaust. In doing so, they provide a form of remembrance for their lost communities of Eastern Europe.
Utility and Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Dogs with Septic Peritonitis
Authors: Hodgson Natasha , Llewellyn Efa A. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSystemic inflammation is known to cause WBC abnormalities, specifically neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and affordable biomarker that has been used in human clinical settings of sepsis but has not been investigated in veterinary species. We evaluated NLR in dogs with septic and nonseptic systemic inflammatory diseases and compared with a healthy dog population. An NLR ≥6 had an 84.39% sensitivity and 86.95% specificity to identify dogs with systemic inflammatory states; however, no ratio distinguished septic and nonseptic causes. The NLR was not associated with length of hospitalization, morbidity based on the acute patient physiologic laboratory evaluation scoring system, or mortality. The disassociation may be due to the retrospective nature of the study, including a restricted population size and acquisition of only a one-time blood sample. NLR is currently of limited use for diagnosis and prognosis in systemic inflammatory states in dogs, and larger, prospective studies are necessary to further evaluate NLR.
The African Union Convention on Cybersecurity: A Regional Response Towards Cyber Stability?
Authors: Orji Uchenna Jerome 
Published: October 2018

Following the liberalization of telecommunication markets in African States, and the increasing availability of wireless technologies and broadband capacity, the levels of Internet penetration and ICT access in Africa has continued to grow in a phenomenal manner since the beginning of the new millennium. Internet use statistics indicate that Africa’s Internet user population grew from about four and a half million people in 2000 to about 400 million people in December, 2017. However, widespread ICT access and Internet penetration in Africa has also raised concerns over the need to promote cybersecurity governance and cyber stability across the continent. This prompted the African Union to establish a regional cybersecurity treaty, known as the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, in June, 2014. The Convention imposes obligations on Member States to establish legal, policy and regulatory measures to promote cybersecurity governance and control cybercrime. This article analyzes the nature and scope of the cybersecurity governance obligations under the Convention and examines how the adoption of the Convention can promote cyber stability in the African region. In so doing, the paper also examines the challenges impeding the application of the Convention as a framework for promoting regional cyber stability in Africa. The paper identifies the slow pace of Member State ratification and the absence of effective regional coordination as some of the major reasons why the Convention has not been effectively applied as a framework for promoting regional cyber stability. Therefore, the paper makes a case for the establishment of a regional monitoring mechanism within the AU framework to improve the regional harmonization of cybersecurity governance frameworks, and harness the application of the Convention as a framework for promoting regional cyber stability.