bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low centrosome numbers correlate with higher aggressivity in ovarian cancer
Authors: Morretton Jean-Philippe , Simon Anthony , Herbette Aurélie , Barbazan Jorge , Pérez-González Carlos , Cosson Camille , Mboup Bassirou , Latouche Aurélien , Popova Tatiana , Kieffer Yann , Gestraud Pierre , Bataillon Guillaume , Becette Véronique , Meseure Didier , Nicolas André , Mariani Odette , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Stern Marc-Henri , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Roman Sergio Roman , Vignjevic Danijela Matic , Rouzier Roman , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Goundiam Oumou , Basto Renata 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCentrosome amplification, the presence of more than two centrosomes in a cell is a common feature of most human cancer cell lines. However, little is known about centrosome numbers of human cancers and whether amplification or other numerical aberrations are frequently present. To address this question, we have analyzed a large cohort of human epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) from 100 patients. Using state-of-the-art microscopy, we have determined the Centrosome-Nucleus Index (CNI) of each tumor. We found that EOCs show infrequent centrosome amplifications. Strikingly, the large majority of these tumors presented low CNIs. We show that low CNI tumors are enriched in the mesenchymal subgroup and correlate with poor patient survival. Our findings highlight a novel paradigm linking low centrosome number with highly aggressive behavior in ovarian cancers and show that the CNI signature may be used to stratify ovarian cancers.
Altered actin filament dynamics in theDrosophilamushroom bodies lead to fast acquisition of alcohol consumption preference
Authors: Butts Andrew R. , Ojelade Shamsideen A. , Seguin Alexandra , Merrill Collin B. , Rodan Aylin R. , Rothenfluh Adrian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlcohol use is highly prevalent in the United States and across the world, and every year millions of people suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUDs). While the genetic contribution to developing AUDs is estimated to be 50-60%, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies from our lab revealed thatDrosophilalacking RhoGAP18B and Ras Suppressor 1 (Rsu1) display reduced sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. Both Rsu1 and RhoGAP18B are negative regulators of the small Rho-family GTPase, Rac1, a modulator of actin dynamics. Here we investigate the role of Rac1 and its downstream target, the actin-severing protein cofilin, in alcohol consumption preference. We show that these two regulators of actin dynamics can alter experience-dependent alcohol preference in a bidirectional manner: expressing either activated Rac1 or dominant-negative cofilin in the mushroom bodies (MB) abolishes experience-dependent alcohol preference. Conversely, dominant-negative Rac1 or activated cofilin MB expression lead to faster acquisition of alcohol preference. Our data show that Rac1 and cofilin activity are key to determining the rate of acquisition of alcohol preference, revealing a critical role of actin dynamics regulation in the development of voluntary self-administration inDrosophila.Significance StatementThe risks for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) are strongly determined by genetic factors. Understanding the genes and molecular mechanisms that contribute to that risk is therefore a necessary first step for the development of targeted therapeutic intervention. Here we show that regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics can bidirectionally determine the acquisition rate of alcohol self-administration, highlighting this process as a key mechanism contributing to the risk of AUD development.
Behavioural responses to video and live presentations of females reveal a dissociation between performance and motivational aspects of birdsong
Authors: James Logan S. , Fan R. , Sakata J.T. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the regulation of social behavioural expression requires insight into motivational and performance aspects of social behaviours. While a number of studies have independently investigated motivational or performance aspects of social behaviours, few have examined how these aspects relate to each other. By comparing behavioural variation in response to live or video presentations of conspecific females, we analysed how variation in the motivation to produce courtship song covaries with variation in performance aspects of courtship song in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Consistent with previous reports, we observed that male zebra finches were less motivated to produce courtship songs to videos of females than to live presentations of females. However, we found that acoustic features that reflect song performance were indistinguishable between songs produced to videos of females and songs produced to live presentations of females. For example, songs directed at video presentations of females were just as fast and stereotyped as songs directed at live females. These experimental manipulations and correlational analyses reveal a dissociation between motivational and performance aspects of birdsong and suggest a refinement of neural models of song production and control. In addition, they support the efficacy of videos to study both motivational and performance aspects of social behaviours.
JASPer controls interphase histone H3S10 phosphorylation by chromosomal kinase JIL-1 in Drosophila
Authors: Albig Christian , Wang Chao , Dann Geoffrey P. , Wojcik Felix , Schauer Tamás , Krause Silke , Maenner Sylvain , Cai Weili , Li Yeran , Girton Jack , Muir Tom W. , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M. , Becker Peter B. , Regnard Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn flies, the chromosomal kinase JIL-1 is responsible for most interphase histone H3S10 phosphorylation and has been proposed to protect active chromatin from acquiring heterochromatic marks, like dimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me2) and HP1. Here, we show that JIL-1’s targeting to chromatin depends on a new PWWP domain-containing protein JASPer (JIL-1 Anchoring and Stabilizing Protein). The JASPer-JIL-1 (JJ)-complex is the major form of the kinase in vivo and is targeted to active genes and telomeric transposons via binding of the PWWP domain of JASPer to H3K36me3 nucleosomes. Put in place, the complex modulates the transcriptional output. JIL-1 and JJ-complex depletion in cycling cells lead to small changes in H3K9me2 distribution at active genes and telomeric transposons. Finally, we identified many new interactors of the endogenous JJ-complex and propose that JIL-1 not only prevents heterochromatin formation, but also coordinates chromatin-based regulation in the transcribed part of the genome.
Kinesin-1 and dynein use distinct mechanisms to bypass obstacles
Authors: Ferro Luke S. , Can Sinan , Turner Meghan A. , Elshenawy Mohamed M. , Yildiz Ahmet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein are microtubule (MT) motors that transport intracellular cargos. It remains unclear how these motors move along MTs densely coated with obstacles of various sizes in the cytoplasm. Here, we tested the ability of single and multiple motors to bypass synthetic obstacles on MTs in vitro. Contrary to previous reports, we found that mammalian dynein is highly capable of bypassing obstacles. Unlike dynein, single kinesin motors stall in the presence of obstacles, consistent with their inability to take sideways steps to neighboring protofilaments. Kinesins overcome this limitation when working in teams, bypassing obstacles as effectively as multiple dyneins. Cargos driven by multiple kinesin or dyneins are also capable of rotating around the MT to bypass large obstacles. These results suggest that multiplicity of motors is required not only for transporting cargos over long distances and generating higher forces, but also for maneuvering of the cargos on obstacle-coated MT surfaces.
Mutations that improve the efficiency of a weak-link enzyme are rare compared to adaptive mutations elsewhere in the genome
Authors: Morgenthaler Andrew B. , Kinney Wallis R. , Ebmeier Christopher C. , Walsh Corinne M. , Snyder Daniel J. , Cooper Vaughn S. , Old William M. , Copley Shelley D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew enzymes often evolve by amplification and divergence of genes encoding enzymes with a weak ability to provide a new function. Experimental studies to date have followed the evolutionary trajectory of an amplified gene, but have not addressed other mutations in the genome when fitness is limited by an evolving gene. We have adaptedEscherichia coliin which an enzyme’s weak secondary activity has been recruited to serve an essential function. While the gene encoding the “weak-link” enzyme amplified in all eight populations, mutations improving the new activity occurred in only one. This beneficial allele quickly swept the amplified array, displacing the parental allele. Most adaptive mutations, however, occurred elsewhere in the genome. We have identified the mechanisms by which three of the classes of mutations increase fitness. These mutations may be detrimental once a new enzyme has evolved, and require reversion or compensation, leading to permanent changes in the genome.
Synaptic mechanisms of context-dependent sensory responses in the hippocampus
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Yingxue , Spruston Nelson , Magee Jeffrey C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs animals navigate, they must identify features in context. The hippocampus-a structure critical for navigation-exhibits a different code for each environment, uniquely representing locations and objects within each environment in the firing rates of its neurons. It is unknown how or where these context-specific codes emerge. For example, it is unknown whether pyramidal neurons in the CA1 subregion produce these codes (by combining separate inputs from local sensory cues and the environmental context) or inherit conjunctive codes from upstream brain areas. We performed electrical recordings in the hippocampus as mice navigated in two distinct virtual environments. In CA1, subthreshold synaptic responses to a visual cue in one environment were absent when the same cue occurred in the second environment. In CA3, cue-driven spiking also strongly depended on environmental context. These results indicate that context-dependent sensory coding in CA1 is inherited from its CA3 input.
Attenuated amiloride-sensitive current and augmented calcium-activated chloride current in marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) airways
Authors: Kuan Shin-Ping , Liao Yan-Shin J. , Davis Katelyn M. , Messer Jonathan G. , Zubcevic Jasenka , Aguirre J. Ignacio , Reznikov Leah R. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryProlonged heat and sea salt aerosols pose a challenge for the mammalian airway, placing the protective airway surface liquid (ASL) at risk for desiccation. Thus, mammals inhabiting salt marshes might have acquired adaptations for ASL regulation. We studied the airways of the rice rat, a rodent that inhabits salt marshes. We discovered negligible Na+transport through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In contrast, carbachol induced a large Cl−secretory current that was blocked by the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) inhibitor CaCCinh-A01. Decreased mRNA expression of α, β, and γ ENaC, and increased mRNA expression of the CaCC transmembrane member 16A distinguished the rice rat airway. Rice rat airway cultures also secreted fluid in response to carbachol and displayed an exaggerated expansion of the ASL volume when challenged with 3.5% NaCl. These data suggest that the rice rat airway might possess unique ion transport adaptations to facilitate survival in the salt marsh environment.
Impact ofItga2-Gp6-double collagen receptor deficient mice for bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets
Authors: Semeniak Daniela , Faber Kristina , Öftering Patricia , Manukjan Georgi , Schulze Harald 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe two main collagen receptors on platelets, GPVI and integrin α2β1, play an important role for the recognition of exposed collagen at sites of vessel injury, which leads to platelet activation and subsequently stable thrombus formation. Both receptors are already expressed on megakaryocytes, the platelet forming cells within the bone marrow. Megakaryocytes are in permanent contact with collagen filaments in the marrow cavity and at the basal lamina of sinusoids without obvious preactivation. The role of both collagen receptors for megakaryocyte maturation and thrombopoiesis is still poorly understood. To investigate the function of both collagen receptors, we generated mice that are double deficient forGp6andItga2. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the deficiency of both receptors had no impact on platelet number and the expected lack in GPVI responsiveness. Integrin activation and degranulation ability was comparable to wildtype mice. By immunofluorescence microscopy, we could demonstrate that double-deficient megakaryocytes were overall normally distributed within the bone marrow. We found megakaryocyte count and size to be normal, the localization within the bone marrow, the degree of maturation, as well as their association to sinusoids were also unaltered. However, the contact of megakaryocytes to collagen type I filaments was decreased at sinusoids compared to wildtype mice, while the interaction to type IV collagen was unaffected. Our results imply that GPVI and α2β1 have no influence on the localization of megakaryocytes within the bone marrow, their association to the sinusoids or their maturation. The decreased contact of megakaryocytes to collagen type I might at least partially explain the unaltered platelet phenotype in these mice, since proplatelet formation is mediated by these receptors and their interaction to collagen. It is rather likely that other compensatory signaling pathways and receptors play a role that needs to be elucidated.
Purification and characterization of fat body lipase from the Greater Wax MothGalleria mellonella(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Mahdy Rahma R.Z. , Mo’men Shaimaa A. , Abd El-Bar Marah M. , Barakat Emad M.S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLipid mobilization and transport in insects is under investigation, especially lipases and lipophorin because of their roles in energy production and transport of lipids at flying activity. The present study has been conducted to purify intracellular fat body lipase for the first time, from last larval instar ofGalleria mellonella. Purification methods by combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 demonstrated that the amount of protein and the specific activity of fat body lipase were 0.008633±0.000551 mg/ml and 1.5754±0.1042 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, with a 98.9 fold purity and recovery of 50.81%. Hence, the sephadex G-100 step was more effective in purification process. SDS-PAGE and zymogram revealed that fat body lipase showed two monomers with molecular weights of 178.8 and 62.6 kDa. Furthermore biochemical characterization of fat body lipase was carried out through testing its activities against several factors such as; different temperatures, pH ranges, metal ions and inhibitors ending by determination of their kinetic parameters with the use ofp-Nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) as a substrate. The highest activities of enzyme were determined at the temperature ranges of 35-37°C and 37-40°C and pH ranges of 7-9 and 7–10. The partially purified enzyme showed significant stimulation by Ca2+, K+and Na+metal ions indicating that fat body lipase is metalloproteinase. Additionally, lipase activity was strongly inhibited by some inhibitors; phenylmethylsulfony fluoride (PMSF), ethylene-diaminetetractic acid (EDTA) and ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) providing an evidence of presence of serine residue and activation of enzymes by metal ions. Kinetic parameters were 301.95mM Kmand 0.316 Umg−1Vmax. By considering the purification of fat body lipase from larvae and using some inhibitors especially ion chelating agents, it is suggested to develop this study by using lipase inhibitors to reach a successful control ofGalleria mellonellain the near future.
Selection of appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Clerodendrum trichotomum
Authors: Hua Yajie , Yue Yuanzheng , Chen Gongwei , Yan Taotao , Ding Wenjie , Shi Tingting , Hu Die , Wang Lianggui , Yang Xiulian 
Published: May 2019

AbstrsctClerodendrum trichotomum, an important medicinal plant, has excellent salt tolerance and beautiful ornamental character. However, reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR data (qRT-PCR) in C. trichotomum have not been investigated. Using our previous transcriptome data, 17 reference genes were selected in different tissues (leaves, flowers, fruits, stems, and roots) and under various abiotic stresses (salt, drought, flood, and heat) for C. trichotomum, using four different reference gene analysis software types: GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ReFinder. The results identified RPL, ACT and HSP70 as the three most suitable reference genes for tissues. Genes ACT and AP-2 were most stably expressed under drought stress; MDH and UBCE2 were stable under flooding stress; RPL and UBCE2 were most stable under salt stress; and MDH and EF-1A were most appropriate under heat stress. For abiotic treatments, RPL, MDH and AP-2 were the most stable reference genes; and AP-2, RPL and ACT were stably expressed in all examined samples. The expression profile of the genes for Na+/H+ Exchanger1 (ClNHX1) and laccase (ClLAC) were selected to validate the stability of the determined reference genes. Our study provided reliable normalization for gene expression analysis and ensured more accurate data for further molecular mechanism research in C. trichotomum.
The Ras family members follow the blood progesterone level during formation and regression in bovine corpus luteum
Authors: Lee Sang-Hee , Lee Seunghyung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRas family members regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation and survival. CL formation and regression are regulated by the blood P4 level. This study investigated the association between changes in Ras family members and the serum P4 level and determined protein interactions among Ras family members, hormone receptors, and angiogenetic and apoptotic factors during formation and regression of the bovine CL. RASAL3 and RASA3 were found using proteomics in CL and were significantly increased in the SPCL compared to the PPCL, whereas RasGEF1B was decreased in the PPCL. Hormone receptors and angiogenetic proteins expression was lower in the PPCL and SPCL than that in the RPCL, but apoptotic proteins were increased in the RPCL. The P4 and estrogen receptors positive correlated with RasGEF1B, R-Ras, and H-Ras through VEGFA, VEGFR2 and Tie2 in STRING database. RasGAP, H-Ras and R-Ras protein expression was increased in the PPCL compared to that in the SPCL, whereas RasGEF expression was decreased. In summary, Ras activation and angiogenesis in the CL were positively correlated with the blood P4 during estrous cylce. These results may increase understanding of Ras biological functions following stimulation of hormones and their receptors during tissue proliferation and degeneration.
Vision and laser fused SLAM in indoor environments with multi-robot system
Authors: Chen Haoyao , Huang Hailin , Qin Ye , Li Yanjie , Liu Yunhui 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Multi-robot laser-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in large-scale environments is an essential but challenging issue in mobile robotics, especially in situations wherein no prior knowledge is available between robots. Moreover, the cumulative errors of every individual robot exert a serious negative effect on loop detection and map fusion. To address these problems, this paper aims to propose an efficient approach that combines laser and vision measurements.

Design/methodology/approach
A multi-robot visual laser-SLAM is developed to realize robust and efficient SLAM in large-scale environments; both vision and laser loop detections are integrated to detect robust loops. A method based on oriented brief (ORB) feature detection and bag of words (BoW) is developed, to ensure the robustness and computational effectiveness of the multi-robot SLAM system. A robust and efficient graph fusion algorithm is proposed to merge pose graphs from different robots.

Findings
The proposed method can detect loops more quickly and accurately than the laser-only SLAM, and it can fuse the submaps of each single robot to promote the efficiency, accuracy and robustness of the system.

Originality/value
Compared with the state of art of multi-robot SLAM approaches, the paper proposed a novel and more sophisticated approach. The vision-based and laser-based loops are integrated to realize a robust loop detection. The ORB features and BoW technologies are further utilized to gain real-time performance. Finally, random sample consensus and least-square methodologies are used to remove the outlier loops among robots.
Parental experiences with an adolescent female and male with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in India
Authors: Bhullar Naureen 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare experiences of two parents of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) differing in gender, including their daily routines at school and at home, challenging behaviour, social support and future plans for their children.

Design/methodology/approach
The parents of the two adolescents with ASD were interviewed with open-ended questions related to their children as well as their personal experiences, along with getting their individual responses for the established Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).

Findings
There were similarities and differences in the parents’ experiences with their adolescent children with ASD. Similarities included a limited social support outside their families, hopes for the future of their children, where in they emphasised the need for some “normality” for their child, and a lack of plan in terms of legal guardianship and written wills after their own time. Some of the differences were also noted in the parents’ description of symptoms of their children, with the father of the female adolescent reporting more negative experiences both with his child, as well as with his spouse, a lack of social support and, subsequently, more “dissatisfaction” on the SWLS than the mother of the male adolescent.

Research limitations/implications
One of the major limitations of this study is the absence of feedback from the other parent besides the one being interviewed, due to which only one parental perspective was provided here.

Social implications
There are vital social implications of this study. Both parents reported a limited social support due to which they expressed the need for increasing awareness for ASD in the general society. These findings illustrate the need for a focus on designing interventions for improving outcomes for both parent and child in similar situations.

Originality/value
This study compared the experiences of two parents of adolescents with ASD, differing in gender and symptomology, but similar in other respects, including the family demographic characteristics and cultural context.