bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm‐driven particulate organic matter flux connects a tidal tributary floodplain wetland, mainstem river, and estuary
Authors: Thom Ronald M. , Breithaupt Stephen A. , Diefenderfer Heida L. , Borde Amy B. , Roegner G. Curtis , Johnson Gary E. , Woodruff Dana L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe transport of terrestrial plant matter into coastal waters is important to regional and global biogeochemical cycles, and methods for assessing and predicting fluxes in such dynamic environments are needed. We investigated the hypothesis that upon reconnection of a floodplain wetland to its mainstem river, organic matter produced in the wetland would reach other parts of the ecosystem. If so, we can infer that the organic matter would ultimately become a source for the food web in the mainstem river and estuary. To accomplish this, we adapted numerical hydrodynamic and transport modeling methods to estimate the mass of particulate organic matter (POM) derived from the annually senescent aboveground parts of herbaceous marsh plants (H‐POM). The Finite‐Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), parameterized with flow, tide, and aboveground biomass data, simulated H‐POM mobilization from fluid shear stress during tidal exchange, flooding, and variable river flow; entrainment into the water column; transport via channel and overland flow; and entrapment when wetted surfaces dry. We examined export from a recently reconnected, restoring tidal emergent marsh on the Grays River, a tributary to the Columbia River estuary. Modeling indicated that hydrologically reconnecting 65 ha at the site resulted in export of about 96 × 103 kg of H‐POM, primarily during pulsed storm flooding events in autumn and early winter. This exported mass amounted to about 19% of the summer peak aboveground biomass measured at the site. Of that 19%, about 48% (47 × 103 kg) was deposited downstream in the Grays River and floodplain wetlands, and the remaining 52% (50 × 103 kg) passed the confluence of the Grays River and the mainstem estuary located about 7 km from the study site. The colonization of the restoring study site largely by nonnative Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) may have resulted in 18–28% lower H‐POM mobilization than typical marsh plant communities on this floodplain, based on estimates from regional studies of marshes dominated by less recalcitrant species. We concluded that restored floodplain wetlands can contribute significant amounts of organic matter to the estuarine ecosystem and thereby contribute to the restoration of historical trophic structure.
Egg boon fatty acids reveal effects of a climatic event on a marine food web
Authors: Fuiman Lee A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlow of essential fatty acids (EFAs) through food webs is critical for the health of individual animals, populations, and communities. Planktonic eggs may play a central role in marine systems because they are highly concentrated in EFAs, superabundant, and consumed by a variety of species. Previous research suggests that egg fatty acid composition should not be useful for trophodynamic studies because it should be tightly regulated to meet the nutritional needs of embryos. Eight years of sampling the egg boon of the teleost fish red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) provided the opportunity to test the hypothesis that extreme climatic events differentially alter abundances of prey populations and, ultimately, egg fatty acid composition. Fatty acid composition of eggs varied significantly among years and three major patterns of interannual variation (principal components) paralleled trends in the Palmer Drought Severity Index. Each of the first three principal components was related to abundances of particular prey (blue crabs, filter‐feeding fishes, and brown shrimp, respectively) during the spring and summer. Summer abundances of blue crab and brown shrimp were most strongly correlated with bay salinity 12–14 months earlier. Summer abundances of filter‐feeding fishes were most strongly correlated with bay salinity 0–1 month earlier. The delayed responses of crustacean abundances to variations in bay salinity likely operate through variability in recruitment. The fast connection for filter‐feeding fishes suggests a behavioral response to changing environmental conditions. The analyses revealed changes in trophodynamic flow that were associated with the phases of the climatic event. EFA content of eggs increased during drought years then decreased in the recovery years, indicating the potential for downstream effects on reproductive output, offspring viability, and tissue composition of egg consumers. Generally, nutrients move from intermediate sized consumers to a larger, higher order consumer (adult red drum). Then, trophic flow reverses when the egg boon is exploited by smaller planktivores. The analysis also revealed climate‐related shifts in the degree of benthic‐pelagic coupling and pelagic recycling that were mediated by the egg boons. This study demonstrates that egg boons can be a useful subject for investigations of trophodynamics in marine ecosystems.
Plasticity of foraging behaviors in response to diverse environmental conditions
Authors: Gilmour Morgan E. , Castillo‐Guerrero José A. , Fleishman Abram B. , Hernández‐Vázquez Salvador , Young Hillary S. , Shaffer Scott A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to rapidly changing global environmental conditions, many animals are now experiencing concurrent changes in both resource availability and the foraging cues associated with finding those resources. By employing flexible, plastic foraging strategies that use different types of environmental foraging cues, animals could adapt to these novel future environments. To evaluate the extent to which such flexibility and plasticity exist, we analyzed a large dataset of a clade (Sulidae; the boobies) of widespread aerial tropical predators that feed in highly variable marine habitats. These surface foragers are typical of many ocean predators that face dynamic and patchy foraging environments and use a combination of static and ephemeral oceanographic features to locate prey. We compared foraging habitats and behaviors of four species at seven colonies in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean that varied greatly in depth, topography, and primary productivity. Foraging behaviors, recorded by GPS‐tracking tags, were compared to remotely sensed environmental features, to characterize habitat‐behavior interactions. K‐means clustering grouped environmental characteristics into five habitat clusters across the seven sites. We found that boobies relied on a combination of static and ephemeral cues, especially depth, chlorophyll‐a concentrations, and sea surface height (ocean surface topography). Notably, foraging behaviors were strongly predicted by local oceanographic habitats across species and sites, suggesting a high degree of behavioral plasticity in use of different foraging cues. Flexibility allows these top predators to adapt to, and exploit, static and ephemeral oceanic features. Plasticity may well facilitate these species, and other similarly dynamic foragers, to cope with increasingly changing environmental conditions.
Lines on a map: conservation units, meta‐population dynamics, and recovery of woodland caribou in Canada
Authors: Weckworth Byron V. , Hebblewhite Mark , Mariani Stefano , Musiani Marco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDelineating conservation units is a fundamental step in recovery planning for endangered species. Yet, challenges remain in the application and validation of scientifically evaluated conservation units in management practice. The Canadian government makes use of Designatable Units (DUs) as the primary conservation unit under their Species‐at‐Risk Act. DUs must be ecologically discrete and have demonstrated evolutionary significance, which, in the case of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), has led to the definition of multiple DUs across Canada. Simultaneously, Environment and Climate Change Canada has released two recovery strategies affecting four DUs, wherein DUs are subdivided into smaller conservation units. However, the two recovery strategies adopt different definitions for the conservation unit. For the Boreal DU, the Local Population is considered the conservation unit for recovery management, whereas for Southern Mountain DU, the conservation unit for recovery is the subpopulation, which may or may not be comprised of several Local Populations. The scientific rationale for the difference between recovery strategies is unclear, not necessarily supported by genetic or demographic evidence, and highlights a policy challenge facing caribou conservation. We argue that the current emphasis on protecting subpopulations within a DU might be inconsistent and unviable for recovery planning. Instead, the recognition and emphasis on maintaining meta‐population dynamics within DUs is essential and currently underutilized in the long‐term recovery of woodland caribou in Canada.
Loss analysis of quasi Z‐source inverter with Superjunction‐MOSFET
Authors: Kamoshida Naoki , Iijima Ryuji , Isobe Takanori , Tadano Hiroshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Z‐source inverter (ZSI) can work as an inverter with boost capability in one stage by using its impedance source and the short‐through mode as the switching mode. This paper discusses the circuit losses that depend on the boost ratio between the quasi ZSI, which is one of the ZSI topologies, using Superjunction‐MOSFETs and the conventional inverter with a boost chopper using IGBTs. Two‐kilowatt class three‐phase inverter systems for an AC output of 200 V were fabricated using the proposed method and the conventional method, and the losses for each component were analyzed experimentally. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed method can reduce the total loss in low boost ratio operations, in comparison with the conventional method, due to its reduced inverter conduction loss.
Second‐mode tuned mass dampers in base‐isolated structures for reduction of floor acceleration
Authors: Shi Yundong , Saburi Kazuhiro , Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo reduce floor acceleration of base‐isolated structures under earthquakes, a tuned mass damper (TMD) system installed on the roof is studied. The optimal tuning parameters of the TMD are analyzed for linear base isolation under a generalized ground motion, and the performance of the TMD is validated using a suite of recorded ground motions. The simulation shows that a TMD tuned to the second mode of a base‐isolated structure reduces roof acceleration more effectively than a TMD tuned to the first mode. The reduction ratio, defined as the maximum roof acceleration with the TMD relative to that without the TMD, is approximately 0.9 with the second‐mode TMD. The higher effectiveness of the second‐mode TMD relative to the first‐mode TMD is attributed primarily to the unique characteristics of base isolation, ie, the relatively long first‐mode period and high base damping. The modal acceleration of the second mode is close to or even higher than that of the first mode in base‐isolated structures. The larger TMD mass ratio and lower modal damping ratio of the second‐mode TMD compared to the first‐mode TMD increases its effect on modal acceleration reduction. The reduction ratio with the second‐mode TMD improves to 0.8 for bilinear base isolation. Because of the detuning effect caused by the change in the first‐mode period in bilinear isolation, the first‐mode TMD is ineffective in reducing roof acceleration. Additionally, the displacement experienced by the second‐mode TMD is considerably smaller than that of the first‐mode TMD, thereby reducing the installation space for the TMD.
Infant feeding behaviours and attitudes to feeding amongst mothers with eating disorders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Martini Maria Giulia , Taborelli Emma , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aims to investigate breastfeeding, infant feeding behaviours, and attitudes to feeding amongst women with eating disorders (ED) and healthy controls (HC). Women with active ED (C‐ED; N = 25), past ED (P‐ED; N = 28), and HC (N = 46) were recruited in pregnancy and followed up longitudinally. Post‐natally infant feeding behaviour was investigated at 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year and parental modelling at 1 and 2 years. Women with P‐ED and C‐ED reported higher concerns about their infant being/becoming overweight compared with HC, respectively, at 8 weeks and 6 months and 6 months only post‐partum. Women with P‐ED showed less awareness of infant hunger and satiety cues compared with HC at 8 weeks. Despite few differences between ED and HC, both P‐ED and C‐ED predicted maternal attitudes and worries about child's eating. These are likely to impact on child's growth and later eating behaviours and might impact on the intergenerational transmission of ED.
Clinical and radiological characteristics of early versus late mild cognitive impairment in patients with comorbid depressive disorder
Authors: Motter Jeffrey N. , Pelton Gregory H. , D'Antonio Kristina , Rushia Sara N. , Pimontel Monique A. , Petrella Jeffrey R. , Garcon Ernst , Ciovacco Michaela W. , Sneed Joel R. , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Devanand Davangere P. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe classification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to be debated though it has recently been subtyped into late (LMCI) versus early (EMCI) stages. Older adults presenting with both a depressive disorder (DEP) and cognitive impairment (CI) represent a unique, understudied population. Our aim was to examine baseline characteristics of DEP‐CI patients in the DOTCODE trial, a randomized controlled trial of open antidepressant treatment for 16 weeks followed by add‐on donepezil or placebo for 62 weeks.Methods/DesignKey inclusion criteria were diagnosis of major depression or dysthymic disorder with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) score >14, and cognitive impairment defined by MMSE score ≥21 and impaired performance on the WMS‐R Logical Memory II test. Patients were classified as EMCI or LMCI based on the 1.5 SD cutoff on tests of verbal memory, and compared on baseline clinical, neuropsychological, and anatomical characteristics.ResultsSeventy‐nine DEP‐CI patients were recruited of whom 39 met criteria for EMCI and 40 for LMCI. The mean age was 68.9, and mean HAM‐D was 23.0. Late mild cognitive impairment patients had significantly worse ADAS‐Cog (P < .001), MMSE (P = .004), Block Design (P = .024), Visual Rep II (P = .006), CFL Animal (P = .006), UPSIT (P = .051), as well as smaller right hippocampal volume (P = .037) compared to EMCI patients. MRI indices of cerebrovascular disease did not differ between EMCI and LMCI patients.ConclusionsCognitive and neuronal loss markers differed between EMCI and LMCI among patients with DEP‐CI, with LMCI being more likely to have the clinical and neuronal loss markers known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Aggregation Induced Phosphorescence in the Main Group
Authors: Parke Sarah M. , Rivard Eric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis review summarizes recent progress involving the preparation of materials that exhibit aggregation induced phosphorescence (AIP) and crystallization enhanced phosphorescence, with a focus on compounds containing p‐block (main group) and Group 12 elements as active components. As will be seen, utilizing the heavy atom effect is one of the most reliable paths for unlocking phosphorescence within the main group. The vast majority of phosphorescent emitters depend on expensive transition metals, however the incorporation of main group elements in phosphors can also give rise to high luminescence quantum efficiencies at a decreased cost.
Implementing international human rights recommendations to improve obstetric care in Brazil
Authors: Yamin Alicia E. , Galli Beatriz , Valongueiro Sandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 2011, the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) issued a groundbreaking decision in the case of Alyne da Silva Pimentel Teixeira versus Brazil involving the maternal death of a young Afro‐Brazilian woman. The CEDAW addressed systemic failures in the Brazilian health system that combined to violate Alyne's rights to life, health, and access to maternal health services. Almost 5 years later, after significant back and forth between the concerned parties, a technical follow‐up commission was created with the support of the Center for Reproductive Rights, and was welcomed by the government of Brazil. The technical follow‐up commission was precedent‐setting, seeking to move beyond identifying gaps in “compliance” and concentrate instead on issues that might catalyze re‐engagement by national level stakeholders, both governmental and non‐governmental, with the aim of advancing CEDAW's recommendations through not only the creation, but also the effective implementation, of policies and programs that promote women's sexual and reproductive rights in practice, including their rights to safe motherhood. Here, the human‐rights‐based framework of the technical follow‐up commission is described, in addition to their findings related to legal and policy frameworks, evidence‐based programing, and monitoring and oversight of providers.
A Fresh Look at Drainage for Agriculture
Authors: Parsinejad Masoud , Akram Mojtaba 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHistorically, drainage systems have been considered as tools for removing excess water. In the past two decades, however, a more comprehensive and inclusive approach has been developed that considers drainage as only one of the central elements of an integrated and comprehensive water management scheme. Since its invention, the science and technology of agricultural drainage have undergone development in the formulation of design, materials and methods. Recently, more concern has been focused on the environmental consequences of adoption of drainage systems. Now, environmental conservation is the greatest challenge for drainage globally. The 13th International ICID Drainage Workshop, held from 4 to 7 March 2017 in Ahwaz City, Iran, was entitled Drainage and Environmental Sustainability, to address these challenges. Of the presentations, a number focused on the new outlook and technologies that have recently been adopted. In this paper, these presentations have been used to provide a brief history of the invention and development of materials and methods in agricultural drainage. Under the notion of ‘beyond modern drainage’, the latest innovations in materials and management of agricultural water, in general, and drainage systems in particular, are presented. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blue‐Ribbon Boys: factors associated with PrEP use, ART use and undetectable viral load among gay app users across six regions of the world
Authors: Ayala George , Santos Glenn‐Milo , Arreola Sonya , Garner Alex , Makofane Keletso , Howell Sean 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionGay social networking apps have grown in popularity among men who have sex with men offering opportunities for rapid and confidential collection of vital data as well as social connection. The goal of our study was to explore factors associated with utilization of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral treatment (ART), and self‐reported undetectable viral load (UVL) using data collected by the gay social networking app Hornet.MethodsIn 2016, the Global Forum on MSM & HIV (MSMGF) partnered with Hornet, to support an educational initiative called Blue‐Ribbon Boys. One aspect of the initiative prompts Hornet users to answer a short series of yes‐no questions about their sexual health. Using survey responses, we evaluated factors associated with PrEP and ART use as well as self‐reported UVL by fitting separate multivariable generalized estimating equation models.ResultsIn total, 16,008 unique Hornet users started the survey, of which 12,126 (76%) provided sufficient data for analyses. Of the 10,774 HIV‐negative men, 13% reported PrEP use in the past year. PrEP use was associated with a recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) test or treatment (aOR = 2.19, CI = 1.49 to 3.21); and taking steps to protect oneself from HIV (aOR = 1.41, CI = 1.13 to 1.76). Among HIV‐positive Hornet users (n = 1243), ART use was associated with older age (each year increase aOR = 1.02, CI = 1.01 to 1.04), a recent STI test or treatment (aOR = 4.54, CI = 2.65 to 7.78); and awareness of unlikely HIV transmission with UVL (aOR = 1.53, CI = 1.03 to 2.26). UVL was associated with older age (each year increase aOR = 1.03, CI = 1.01 to 1.04), a recent STI test or treatment (aOR = 4.84, CI = 2.74 to 8.55), and awareness of unlikely HIV transmission with UVL (aOR = 1.98, CI = 1.37 to 2.85).ConclusionsStudy findings underscore the importance of STI testing and treatment as well as information about HIV transmissibility for encouraging PrEP and ART use. Our findings also reveal age disparities, which can undermine incidence reduction among gay men. Gay social networking apps can be effectively used for rapid data collection and sexual health promotion with men who have sex with men. STI testing and treatment programmes offer important opportunities for encouraging PrEP and ART use. Information about HIV transmissibility with consistent ART use should be incorporated into prevention messaging tailored to various age groups.
Achieving the first 90 for key populations in sub‐Saharan Africa through venue‐based outreach: challenges and opportunities for HIV prevention based on PLACE study findings from Malawi and Angola
Authors: Herce Michael E , Miller William M , Bula Agatha , Edwards Jessie K , Sapalalo Pedro , Lancaster Kathryn E , Mofolo Innocent , Furtado Maria Lúcia M , Weir Sharon S 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionProviding outreach HIV prevention services at venues (i.e. “hotspots”) where people meet new sex partners can decrease barriers to HIV testing services (HTS) for key populations (KP) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We offered venue‐based HTS as part of bio‐behavioural surveys conducted in urban Malawi and Angola to generate regional insights into KP programming gaps and identify opportunities to achieve the “first 90” for KP in SSA.MethodsFrom October 2016 to March 2017, we identified and verified 1054 venues in Luanda and Benguela, Angola and Zomba, Malawi and conducted bio‐behavioural surveys at 166 using the PLACE method. PLACE interviews community informants to systematically identify public venues where KP can be reached and conducts bio‐behavioural surveys at a stratified random sample of venues. We present survey results using summary statistics and multivariable modified Poisson regression modelling to examine associations between receipt of outreach worker‐delivered HIV/AIDS education and HTS uptake. We applied sampling weights to estimate numbers of HIV‐positive KP unaware of their status at venues.ResultsWe surveyed 959 female sex workers (FSW), 836 men who have sex with men (MSM), and 129 transgender women (TGW). An estimated 71% of HIV‐positive KP surveyed were not previously aware of their HIV status, receiving a new HIV diagnosis through PLACE venue‐based HTS. If venue‐based HTS were implemented at all venues, 2022 HIV‐positive KP (95% CI: 1649 to 2477) who do not know their status could be reached, including 1666 FSW (95% CI: 1397 to 1987), 274 MSM (95% CI: 160 to 374), and 82 TG (95% CI: 20 to 197). In multivariable analyses, FSW, MSM, and TGW who received outreach worker‐delivered HIV/AIDS education were 3.15 (95% CI: 1.99 to 5.01), 3.12 (95% CI: 2.17 to 4.48), and 1.80 (95% CI: 0.67 to 4.87) times as likely, respectively, as those who did not to have undergone HTS within the last six months. Among verified venues, <=68% offered any on‐site HIV prevention services.ConclusionsAvailability of HTS and other HIV prevention services was limited at venues. HIV prevention can be delivered at venues, which can increase HTS uptake and HIV diagnosis among individuals not previously aware of their status. Delivering venue‐based HTS may represent an effective strategy to reach the “first 90” for KP in SSA.