bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbendazim resistance and dimethachlone sensitivity of field isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed rape in Henan Province, China
Authors: Liu Shengming , Zhang Yong , Jiang Jia , Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Chen Genqiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most important diseases in oilseed rape‐growing areas of China. To determine the frequency of resistance of field isolates of S. sclerotiorum to carbendazim and dimethachlone, a total of 556 isolates from 10 different regions of Henan Province were obtained between 2015 and 2016. The frequency of isolates with a high‐resistance phenotype and a moderate‐resistance phenotype to carbendazim was 69.2% and 10.8%, respectively. However, S. sclerotiorum isolates resistant to dimethachlone were not detected. The baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to dimethachlone was distributed as a unimodal curve with a mean EC50 value of 0.39 ± 0.09 μg ml−1 for the inhibition of mycelial growth. Four dimethachlone‐resistant mutants were obtained from 20 wild‐type isolates induced by exposure to increasing concentrations of the fungicide in vitro. The mutants showed high levels of resistance to dimethachlone, with resistance factors that ranged from 179 to 323. Positive cross‐resistance occurred between dimethachlone and procymidone, iprodione, and fludioxonil; however, no cross‐resistance was observed for carbendazim and boscalid. The fitness of the dimethachlone‐resistant mutants was significantly lower than that of the wild‐type isolates, as measured by mycelial growth, hyphal dry weight, sclerotium number and dry weight, and pathogenicity. Additionally, based on osmotic tests, the inhibition of mycelial growth caused by NaCl applied at different concentrations was significantly higher for the dimethachlone‐resistant mutants than for their wild‐type parents.
A longitudinal assessment of periodontal health status in 53 Labrador retrievers
Authors: Wallis C. , Patel K. V. , Marshall M. , Staunton R. , Milella L. , Harris S. , Holcombe L. J. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and rates of progression of gingivitis and periodontitis in Labrador retrievers.Materials and MethodsFifty‐three dogs, aged 1·1 to 5·9 years, had their periodontal health assessed every 6 months for up to 2 years. The extent of gingivitis and periodontitis was measured around the whole gingival margin of every tooth under general anaesthesia.ResultsAll dogs had gingivitis at the initial assessment. The majority (64·2%) of tooth aspects had very mild gingivitis. The palatal/lingual aspect of all tooth types was most likely to show bleeding when probed: 63·0% of these aspects had mild or moderate gingivitis. Over 2 years, 56·6% of dogs developed periodontitis and dogs as young as 1·9 years were affected. There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of teeth with periodontitis and age. In total, 124 teeth (5·7%) developed periodontitis; 88 (71·0%) of these were incisors. The palatal/lingual aspect of the incisors developed the disease first (2·8% of incisor aspects).Clinical SignificancePeriodontitis developed in regions that are difficult to see in conscious dogs implying that detection and treatment of disease requires periodic sedation or anaesthesia.
Comparison of next-generation droplet digital PCR with quantitative PCR for enumeration of Naegleria fowleri in environmental water and clinical samples
Authors: Xue J. , Caton K. , Sherchan S.P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Naegleria fowleri in recreational waters is a serious health threat. A rapid and accurate method to determine this pathogen in water is vital to develop effective control strategies. In this study, we compared two molecular methods: droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays in identifying N. fowleri from clinical and environmental samples. Strong agreement between ddPCR and qPCR methods over clinical DNA samples was observed. The limit of detection (LOD) for ddPCR and qPCR assays were 2·5 and 25 N. fowleri per reaction respectively. In the comparative analysis using N. fowleri genomic DNA, quantitative results obtained from ddPCR and qPCR assays showed no significant difference. The assay specificity for ddPCR and qPCR assays were 100 and 86% respectively. Results from both PCR assays indicated N. fowleri was present in surface water samples from Lake Pontchartrain during our study period. In general, the ddPCR performance demonstrated in this study on clinical and environmental samples lead to greater confidence of ddPCR technology on field application. For precise quantification using qPCR, we recommend using ddPCR to quantify the standard materials before qPCR application.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study explored the application of ddPCR and qPCR methods in identifying Naegleria fowleri from both clinical and environmental water samples. Strong agreement between ddPCR and qPCR methods over clinical DNA samples was observed. Naegleria fowleri was present in surface water samples from Lake Pontchartrain during our study period. The ability of N. fowleri to survive in brackish water is therefore a potential risk factor for people who engage in water-related recreational activities. The ddPCR performance demonstrated in this study on clinical and environmental samples lead to greater confidence of ddPCR technology on field application.
Transmission potential of Mayaro virus in Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Authors: Wiggins K. , Eastmond B. , Alto B. W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging mosquito‐borne arbovirus present in Central and South America that causes arthralgia and febrile illness. Domestic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus are potential vectors of MAYV that may allow for transmission to humans in urban settings. The present paper assesses susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and transmission potential in Florida Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for MAYV. Oral infection was significantly higher in Ae. albopictus (85–100%) than in Ae. aegypti (67–82%). Viral dissemination to the haemocoel in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes was rapid and co‐occurred with infection of the salivary glands. Rates of disseminated infection were generally higher in Ae. aegypti (45–85%) than in Ae. albopictus (38–76%), although the difference was significant only at 9 days after feeding on MAYV‐infected blood. Both mosquito species exhibited low rates of MAYV infection in saliva expectorates. Viral titres in the bodies of mosquitoes increased in line with the number of days post‐blood feeding and were higher in Ae. aegypti than in Ae. albopictus. Although Florida mosquito vectors have the potential to transmit MAYV and thus to initiate an urban cycle after having fed on higher titres of MAYV‐infected blood, lower viraemia in infected humans is likely to limit transmission potential.
The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology
Authors: Coskun Devrim , Deshmukh Rupesh , Sonah Humira , Menzies James G. , Reynolds Olivia , Ma Jian Feng , Kronzucker Herbert J. , Bélanger Richard R. 
Published: July 2018

Contents

Summary
67

I.
Introduction
68

II.
Silicon transport in plants: to absorb or not to absorb
69

III.
The role of silicon in plants: not just a matter of semantics
71

IV.
Silicon and biotic stress: beyond mechanical barriers and defense priming
76

V.
Silicon and abiotic stress: a proliferation of proposed mechanisms
78

VI.
The apoplastic obstruction hypothesis: a working model
79

VII.
Perspectives and conclusions
80

Acknowledgements
81

References
81

SummarySilicon (Si) is not classified as an essential plant nutrient, and yet numerous reports have shown its beneficial effects in a variety of species and environmental circumstances. This has created much confusion in the scientific community with respect to its biological roles. Here, we link molecular and phenotypic data to better classify Si transport, and critically summarize the current state of understanding of the roles of Si in higher plants. We argue that much of the empirical evidence, in particular that derived from recent functional genomics, is at odds with many of the mechanistic assertions surrounding Si's role. In essence, these data do not support reports that Si affects a wide range of molecular‐genetic, biochemical and physiological processes. A major reinterpretation of Si's role is therefore needed, which is critical to guide future studies and inform agricultural practice. We propose a working model, which we term the ‘apoplastic obstruction hypothesis’, which attempts to unify the various observations on Si's beneficial influences on plant growth and yield. This model argues for a fundamental role of Si as an extracellular prophylactic agent against biotic and abiotic stresses (as opposed to an active cellular agent), with important cascading effects on plant form and function.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a pediatric patient with response to psoralen‐ultraviolet A phototherapy
Authors: Boix‐Vilanova Julian , Corral‐Magaña Oriol , Martin‐Santiago Ana , Escalas Juan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMycosis Fungoides is the most common cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma however, it is rare in children. We present the case of a Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides in a 13‐year‐old boy which initially presented as a plaque on his face and was treated with local PUVA therapy. Afterwards the lesions spread so the treatment was changed to systemic PUVA with good response. Although the experience in the treatment of Mycosis Fungoides in pediatric patients is limited, PUVA therapy seems to be an effective and safe option.
Optimal Control for an SEIR Epidemic Model with Nonlinear Incidence Rate
Authors: Grigorieva Ellina , Khailov Evgenii , Korobeinikov Andrei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explore possible impacts of nonlinearity of functional responses and a number of compartments of an infection disease model on principal qualitative properties of the optimal controls. To address this issue, we consider optimal controls for an Susceptible‐Exposed‐Infectious‐Removed (SEIR) model of an endemically persisting infectious disease. We assume that the incidence rate is given by an unspecified nonlinear function constrained by a few biologically motivated conditions. For this model, we consider five controls (which comprise all controls that are possible for this model) with a possibility of acting simultaneously, and establish principal qualitative properties of the controls. A comparison with a similar SIR model is provided.
Climate Change Counter Movement Neutralization Techniques: A Typology to Examine the Climate Change Counter Movement
Authors: McKie Ruth E. 
Published: July 2018

The Climate Change Counter Movement has been a topic of interest for social scientists and environmentalists for the past 25 years (Dunlap and McCright, 2015). This research uses the sociology of crime and deviance to analyze the numerous arguments used by climate change counter movement organizations. Content analysis of 805 statements made by climate change counter movement organizations reveals that the theory Techniques of Neutralization (Sykes and Matza, American Sociological Review 22(6):664, 1957) can help us better understand the arguments adopted by these organizations. Taking two observations from two time points, the author examine not only the composition of the messaging adopted by Climate Change Counter Movement (CCCM) organization, but how these messages have changed over time. In all, there were 1,435 examples of CCCM neutralization techniques adopted by CCCM organizations across these two points in time. This examination of the movement provides valuable insight into the CCCM and the subsequent environmental harm that is partly facilitated by their actions.
Nicotinamide riboside supplementation dysregulates redox and energy metabolism in rats: Implications for exercise performance
Authors: Kourtzidis I. A. , Dolopikou C. F. , Tsiftsis A. N. , Margaritelis N. V. , Theodorou A. A. , Zervos I. A. , Tsantarliotou M. P. , Veskoukis A. S. , Vrabas I. S. , Paschalis V. , Kyparos A. , Nikolaidis M. G. 
Published: July 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to investigate the potential metabolic and redox mechanisms that impaired exercise performance after 21 days of supplementation with 300 mg (kg body weight)−1 of nicotinamide riboside in rats.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Nicotinamide riboside disturbed energy and redox metabolism and impaired exercise performance in heathy rats. Exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects.

AbstractNicotinamide riboside is a recently discovered form of vitamin B3 that can increase NAD(P) levels. NAD(P) plays key roles in energy metabolism, and its main function is the transfer of electrons in various cellular reactions. Research in aged or diseased mice reported that nicotinamide riboside increases NAD(H) levels, reduces morbidity and improves health and muscle function. We have recently shown that in healthy young rats, chronic administration of nicotinamide riboside marginally non‐significantly decreased exercise performance by 35% (P = 0.071). As a follow‐up to this finding, we analysed samples from these animals, in an attempt to reveal the potential mechanisms driving this adverse effect, focusing on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics. Thirty‐eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 9), nicotinamide riboside (n = 10) and exercise plus nicotinamide riboside (n = 9). Nicotinamide riboside was administered for 21 days [300 mg (kg body weight)−1 daily]. At the end of administration, the exercise and the exercise plus nicotinamide riboside groups performed an incremental swimming performance test until exhaustion. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation increased the levels of NADPH in the liver (P = 0.050), increased the levels of F2‐isoprostanes in plasma (P = 0.047), decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.017), glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) and catalase (P = 0.024) in erythrocytes, increased the level of glycogen in the liver (P < 0.001) and decreased the concentration of glucose (P = 0.016) and maximal lactate accumulation in plasma (P = 0.084). These findings support the prevailing idea that exogenously administered redox agents in heathy populations might lead to adverse effects and not necessarily to beneficial or neutral effects.
Visual–Vestibular Interaction for Postural Control During Sit-to-Stand: Effects of Aging
Authors: Lui Kai Yan , Hewston Patricia , Deshpande Nandini 
Published: July 2018

During sit-to-stand (STS), the vestibular system is highly stimulated in response to linear acceleration of the head and may play an important role, in addition to vision, for postural control. We examined the effects of aging on visual–vestibular interaction for postural control during STS in 15 young (22.5 ± 1.1 years) and 15 older (73.9 ± 5.3 years) participants. Vestibular information was manipulated using galvanic vestibular stimulation. Vision conditions involved normal (eyes open), suboptimal (blurring goggles), and no (eyes closed) vision. Older participants had significantly greater mediolateral peak-to-peak trunk roll (p = .025) and center of mass displacements (p < .001) than young participants. However, despite having greater mediolateral instability, older participants utilized similar strategies as young participants to overcome sensory perturbations during STS. Overall visual inputs were more dominantly used for mediolateral trunk control during STS than vestibular inputs.
Hypoventilation disproportionate to OSAS severity in children with Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Abel Francois , Tan Hui-Leng , Negro Valentina , Bridges Nicola , Carlisle Thomas , Chan Elaine , Laverty Aidan , Miligkos Michael , Samuels Martin , Kaditis Athanasios G 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) have hypercapnia for higher proportion of total sleep time (TST) than non-syndromic children with similar obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea index (OAHI).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo tertiary care hospitals.PatientsPatients with PWS and non-syndromic children with snoring who underwent polygraphy and were of similar age, body mass index (BMI) z-score and OAHI.Main outcome measureThe two groups were compared regarding %TST with transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2) >50 mm Hg. The interaction between PWS diagnosis and OSAS severity (OAHI <1 episode/h vs 1–5 episodes/h vs >5 episodes/h) regarding %TST with PtcCO2 >50 mm Hg was tested using multiple linear regression.Results48 children with PWS and 92 controls were included (median age 2.3 (range 0.2–14.1) years vs 2.2 (0.3–15.1) years; BMI z-score 0.7±1.9 vs 0.8±1.7; median OAHI 0.5 (0–29.5) episodes/h vs 0.5 (0–33.9) episodes/h; p>0.05). The two groups did not differ in %TST with PtcCO2 >50 mm Hg (median 0% (0–100%) vs 0% (0–81.3%), respectively; p>0.05). However, the interaction between PWS and OSAS severity with respect to duration of hypoventilation was significant (p<0.01); the estimated mean differences of %TST with PtcCO2 >50 mm Hg between children with PWS and controls for OAHI <1 episode/h, 1–5 episodes/h and >5 episodes/h were +0.2%, +1% and +33%, respectively.ConclusionIncreasing severity of upper airway obstruction during sleep in children with PWS is accompanied by disproportionately longer periods of hypoventilation when compared with non-syndromic children with similar frequency of obstructive events.
Health-related quality of life, participation, and physical and cognitive function of patients with intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness 1 year after rehabilitation in Germany: the GymNAST cohort study
Authors: Thomas Simone , Mehrholz Jan 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo describe predictors for health-related quality of life, participation, physical activity and cognitive function in patients with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired muscle weakness 1 year after discharge from rehabilitation.DesignThis is a cohort study.ParticipantsWe included 150 chronic critically ill individuals with ICU-acquired muscle weakness.SettingPostacute ICU and rehabilitation units in Germany.MeasuresWe measured health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D, participation using the Reintegration of Normal Living Index, physical activity using the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities, and basal cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 6 months, and the Clock Drawing Test 6 and 12 months after discharge from postacute treatment. We described the predictors of the results at 12 months.ResultsThe best predictors for good health-related quality of life 1 year after discharge were the time until regaining walking ability (OR=0.96, OR per day, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and the mean MoCA score on admission to our postacute ICU and rehabilitation units (OR=1.25,95% CI 1.02 to 1.52).The best predictor for good participation 1 year after discharge was the MoCA sum score on admission to our postacute ICU and rehabilitation units (OR=0.85,95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). The best predictor for good physical activity 1 year after discharge was the Apache sum score on admission to our postacute ICU and rehabilitation units (OR=1.68,95% CI 0.89 to 3.13). The best predictor for normal cognitive function 1 year after discharge was regaining walking function in rehabilitation (OR=8.0,95% CI 0.49 to 13.69).ConclusionRecovery of health-related quality of life, participation, physical activity and basal cognitive function was still not complete 12 months after discharge from postacute treatment. We described the predictors for these important outcomes in participants with ICU-acquired muscle weakness 1 year after discharge from rehabilitation.Trial registration numberDRKS00007181.
Different predictors of pain severity across age and gender of a Chinese rural population: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Xiao-kun , Xiao Shui-yuan , Zhou Liang , Hu Mi , Liu Hui-ming 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate a 4-week period of pain prevalence and the risk factors of experiencing pain among a rural Chinese population sample. To explore the psychosocial and health condition predictors of pain severity and the interactions of age and gender with these factors in real-life situations among the general adult population in China.MethodsData were collected from a random multistage sample of 2052 participants (response rate=95%) in the rural areas of Liuyang, China. Visual analogue scale was used to assess participants’ pain experienced and a series of internationally validated instruments to assess their sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health status, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep quality, self-efficacy and perceived stress.ResultsThe pain prevalence over the 4-week period in rural China was 66.18% (62.84% for men and 68.82% for women). A logistic regression model revealed that being female (adjusted OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.02), age (adjusted OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05), depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.13) and medium-quality sleep (adjusted OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.64) were significant risk factors for experiencing pain. General linear model analyses revealed that (1) pain severity of rural Chinese was related to self-rated physical health and social health; (2) the interactions of age, gender with employment status, depression symptoms, perceived stress and physical health were significant. Simple effect testing revealed that in different age groups, gender interacted with employment status, depression symptoms, perceived stress and physical health differently.ConclusionsImproving physical and social health could be effective in reducing the severity of pain and the treatment of pain should be designed specifically for different ages and genders among the general population.