bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of reconstruction and modification of the sequencing batch reactor at municipal wastewater treatment plants in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Ha Quan  , Gogina Elena S. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Vietnamese urban municipal wastewater treatment plants are mainly of aeration-type facilities. Nowadays, an aeration-type plant, the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), is widely applied and possesses a number of advantages over traditional systems with suspended activated sludge. Advantages of the SBR are mainly concluded in simplicity of operation, occupied area and cost. There is a number of problems at the wastewater treatment plants; they are connected with supplying only a half of wastewater design amount for the treatment as well as with quality of the purified water that must satisfy requirements of the Vietnamese discharge standard, the Standard A. Therefore, reconstruction and modification of the SBR is the major challenger to ensure the sustained development of large Vietnamese cities and maintenance of ecological balance.
Materials and methods. To enhance the efficiency of wastewater purification in the SBR, the experiments were set on reactor reconstruction and modification by two directions: (1) Technological method, i.e. applying the Biochip 25 biocarrier, and (2) Operation method, i.e. adding the anoxic phase in reactor operation cycle. Laboratory tests were conducted for each of the directions, including comparison of a typical reactor with the modified one.
Results. The study resulted in obtaining an optimal amount of the BioChip biocarrier material (10 to 20 %) that increased efficiency of wastewater purification by 10 to 20 %. In addition to this, when creating an anoxic phase of the operation cycle, efficiency of nitrogen removal increased by 20 %. When the denitrification occurs under the anoxic conditions, it contributes to stabilization of ammonium nitrogen removal for daily nitrogen loading in reactor of 0.3 to 0.8 TKN kg/sludge kg.
Conclusions. The suggested technology provides the quality of treated water corresponding with the Vietnamese Standard A requirements. At the present, it is planned to proceed with the experiment on the base of Vietnamese semi-industrial plant for research and appraisal of the SBR reconstruction and modification method.
Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to AKVA Control company in Samara for granted biocarrier Mutag BioChip 25 and to Associate Professor Tran Van Quang and his students, Nguyen Ngoc Phuong and Truong Quoc Dai, of Environment Protect Research Center, Danang University for support of the experiment.
Efektivitas Program Membangun Keluarga Utama sebagai Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Islami (Studi Kasus di KSPPS BMT Tumang)
Authors: Al Hadi M. Qoshid 
Published: June 2019

Poverty alleviation is a development general agenda all over the world, including Indonesia. Quality and sustainable development is the development capabling of empowering people to alleviate poverty and improve quality of life. The Program of Main Family Building (MKU) initiated by the Indonesian BMT Association (PBMTI) is a new idea as an effort of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) to be involved in empowerment programs, especially family. The MKU program launched since 2014 needs to be evaluated to find out how effective the program is. This research focuses on program identification through four indicators of effectiveness, namely the accuracy of targets, socialization, objectives and monitoring program. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 32 respondents consisting of all MKU program members. The finding revealed that the MKU program implemented by the KSPPS Tumang BMT showed sufficient effectiveness or 72.7% effective.
PENGGUNAAN INTERNET UNTUK KEEFEKTIFAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Rana Deri , Setiaman Agus , Mirawati Ira 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas, valensi, serta bobot informasi untuk keefektifan komunikasi interpersonal di kalangan mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi deskriptif yaitu memaparkan dan menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Data primer didapat melalui penyebaran angket dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling acak sistematik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota yang terdaftar sebagai pengguna jasa Jihadnet hingga Juni 2012. Jumlah responden adalah sebanyak 61 orang yang diperoleh berdasarkan teknik sampling acak sistematik. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan analisis deskriptif.Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu penggunaan internet di kalangan mahasiswa member Jihadnet cukup mendukung keterbukaan, empati, dukungan, sikap suportif, serta kesetaraan sebagai indikator keefektifan komunikasi interpersonal responden. Dua dari tiga variabel penggunaan internet, yaitu intensitas dan valensi diapresiasi tinggi oleh responden. Sementara bobot informasi diapresiasi sedang oleh responden
Evaluation of a low-technology system to obtain morphological and mobility trial measurements in dogs and investigation of potential predictors of canine mobility
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth M. , Heseltine Johanna C. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Creevy Kate E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To develop a low-technology system that can be used by dog owners to obtain morphological and mobility measurements in companion dogs as candidate components of an eventual canine frailty scale.

ANIMALS
57 adult (≥ 1-year-old) dogs enrolled by 43 owners.

PROCEDURES
Morphological measurements of dogs were performed by investigators and dog owners. Dogs participated in timed in-clinic mobility trials across a flat surface (on-leash trial with the owner, on-leash trial with the investigator, and off-leash trial) and on stairs; each trial was repeated 3 times. Owners were asked to conduct a second stair trial at home 2 weeks later. Agreement between owner- and investigator-obtained measurements was assessed with Shrout-Fleiss intraclass correlation coefficients and paired t tests. Age, quartile of projected percentage of mean life span attained (adjusted for body weight), and height were evaluated as predictors of speed and stride length in mobility trials with linear regression and Spearman rank correlation analysis.

RESULTS
Agreement between owner- and investigator-obtained morphological measurements was strong. Age was a weak but significant predictor of decreased dog speed in mobility trials (adjusted R2, 0.10 to 0.23). Speed decreased significantly with increasing quartile of projected life span attained. A linear regression model that included height and age predicted dog speed better than models with age or height alone.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Morphological and mobility trial measurements can be obtained by dog owners with minimal training. Low-technology measurements of mobility trial speed offer potential as components in a future scoring scale for canine frailty.
Small Sacral Christian Architecture in the Cultural Landscapes of Europe
Authors: Tóth Attila , Timpe Axel , Stiles Richard , Damyanovic Doris , Valánszki István , Salašová Alena , Cieszewska Agata , Brabec Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Though often overlooked due to its scale, small sacral Christian architecture has a significant importance in cultural landscapes in Europe and beyond. It represents a shared international cultural heritage and is significant in its diversity, distribution and abundance across cultural landscapes. The tradition of the artistic depiction of the cross in Christianity dates back to the 4th century AD. The first monuments in the form of crosses were placed in open landscapes in Scotland in the 7th century. The most important period for the spread of small sacral architecture of Catholic origin in eastern Europe was during the Baroque, thus most of the preserved small sacral monuments date back to the late 17th,18th and 19th centuries. They are often accompanied by monumental single trees or a compositionally organised group of trees and create a sacred composition of nature and culture. They have become important landmarks, indicators of place and landscape features of spatial organization, representing a significant historical legacy and cultural heritage for future generations. This article elaborates on the origin, historical development and landscape values of small sacral Christian architecture, as well as their relation to separate natural monuments or natural features that create part of the sacral composition, such as memorial trees growing around them. This article introduces the topic of sacral architecture and its contribution to the character and identity of European cultural landscapes.
Pyrethroid exposure and neurotoxicity: a mechanistic approach
Authors: Mohammadi Hamidreza , Ghassemi-Barghi Nasrin , Malakshah Obeid , Ashari Sorour 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that are used widely in and around households to control the pest. Concerns about exposure to this group of pesticides are now mainly related to their neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. The main neurotoxic mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal cell loss, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main neurodegeneration targets are ion channels. However, other receptors, enzymes, and several signalling pathways can also participate in disorders induced by pyrethroids. The aim of this review is to elucidate the main mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity caused by pyrethroids deltamethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin. We also review common targets and pathways of Parkinson’s disease therapy, including Nrf2, Nurr1, and PPARγ, and how they are affected by exposure to pyrethroids. We conclude with possibilities to be addressed by future research of novel methods of protection against neurological disorders caused by pesticides that may also find their use in the management/treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
First Record of Trichia papillata Adamonytė (Myxomycetes) in Russia
Authors: Gmoshinskiy Vladimir I. , Gubanov Evgeny S. , Matveev Andrey V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring the study on myxomycete species diversity in Bitsevsky Park (Moscow), a new to Russia species Trichia papillata Adamonytė was recorded. It is characterized by stipitate sporangia on well-defined striated stalks. Dehiscence by 6–8 well-defined small peridial plates. The main feature of the species is conspicuous dark warts on the peridium, composed of granular material. The warts are located in the centre of most peridium plates. The paper presents data on the ecological features and distribution of this species as well as iconography and illustrations of morphology, obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy.
Morphological Characterization of Nordic Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
Authors: Wedelsbäck Bladh Katarina , Yndgaard Flemming , Liljeroth Erland , Asdal Åsmund , Suojala-Ahlfors Terhi , Solberg Svein Øivind , Kolodinska Brantestam Agnese 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMorphological diversity was studied in 101 accessions of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) collected from old gardens in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden. The characterization work was performed over three years, where a total of 19 descriptors from the UPOV guidelines TG/191/2-2001 were recorded each year. The results showed high diversity among the studied accessions, both for leaf and rhizome characters. A morphotype with long leaves and a high leaf length/leaf width quota was the most common, but also elliptic and heart-shaped leaf types were found. Some characters showed stability over the years, although there were variations in the results. Correlations between descriptors were found and five different clusters of descriptors were identified. In two of the clusters, only leaf characters were found, whereas the rhizome characters were divided into three other clusters. Correlation between descriptors can be used to reduce the number of descriptors for further studies of horseradish. The results showed that there is a high diversity both in leaf and rhizome characters, despite that horseradish is a vegetatively propagated plant.
Variability of throughfall quantity in a mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest in central China
Authors: Su Lei , Xie Zongqiang , Xu Wenting , Zhao Changming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mixed evergreen-deciduous broadleaved forest is the transitional type of evergreen broadleaved forest and deciduous broadleaved forest, and plays a unique eco-hydrologic role in terrestrial ecosystem. We investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of throughfall volume of the forest type in Shennongjia, central China. The results indicated that throughfall represented 84.8% of gross rainfall in the forest. The mean CV (coefficient of variation) of throughfall was 27.27%. Inter-event variability in stand-scale throughfall generation can be substantially altered due to changes in rainfall characteristics, throughfall CV decreased with increasing rainfall amount and intensity, and reached a quasi-constant level when rainfall amount reached 25 mm or rainfall intensity reached 2 mm h−1. During the leafed period, the spatial pattern of throughfall was highly temporal stable, which may result in spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture.
The Contribution of the Social Economy to the Economic Development
Authors: Vlădoi Janina Gabroveanu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Starting from the idea that the European Union aims to reduce the disparities among the member countries, to help them reach a level of development which can lead to a high level of employment, of productivity and of a good social cohesion, the problem of a durable development still remains a global objective of the countries that are members of the EU, objective that can be attained by an international cooperation which aims towards economic growth, social development and protection of the environment. After an analysis of the socio-economic background and the investment level in Romania, new tendencies were identified which can be edited, financed and developed in Romania, and which can determine a real, constant and long term economic growth. The problem of the social economy, still not well enough regulated in Romania, can lead to the adoption of innovative actions to capacitate disadvantaged categories. In this direction, premises can be created to support disadvantaged categories, which will determine an increase of the rate of employment and which can offer solutions to fight poverty. An essential role in facing the challenges raised by the medium and long-term development is played by the funds assigned to Romania within the operational programs which can lead to the decrease of the regional and social differences now present in Romania. This paper presents the good practice activities in the system of social economy present in other member countries as well as the measures taken by some member countries for good governance
Silent Market Indicator. Methodology to Avoid the Risk in No Significant Price Movements
Authors: Păuna Cristian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Investing in capital markets is a common task today. An impressive number of traders and investors, companies, private or public funds are buying and selling every day on the free markets. The current high price volatility in the financial markets gives everyone a tremendous number of speculative opportunities to make a profit. Sometimes the price makes no significant movement, however. The majority of the trades initiated in those periods will conclude to losses or will need a very long time to become profitable. To avoid these cases, a mathematical algorithm was developed in this paper: The Silent Market Indicator. This article will present the general principles and the mathematics behind the indicator and how it can be applied in financial trading to improve capital investment efficiency. It was found that the model generates a very reliable filter to avoid entry into the silent markets intervals, when the price action conducts to small amplitude price movements and when the profit expectation is lower. In order to reveal the efficiency of the Silent Market Indicator usage, some comparable trading results will be presented in the last part of this article together with the functional parameters optimized for several known capital markets. As a conclusion, it will be proved that the presented methodology is an excellent method to stay away from the market risk. In addition, being exclusively a mathematical model, it can be applied in any algorithmic trading system, combined with any other trading strategy in order to improve capital efficiency
THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI VÀ CÁC CHỈ SỐ ĐA DẠNG SINH HỌC CỦA KHU HỆ NHỆN TRÊN RUỘNG LÚA HUYỆN TRI TÔN, AN GIANG
Authors: Dinh Minh Quang , Trần Thư Thị Anh , Nguyễn Khanh Tuấn 
Published: June 2019

Nghiên cứu ghi nhận được 15 loài nhện thuộc 12 giống, 6 họ dựa trên kết quả phân tích 512 cá thể thu được trong vụ hè thu và vụ thu đông ở ruộng lúa trong và ngoài đê bao thuộc địa phận xã Lương Phi, huyện Tri Tôn, tỉnh An Giang. Trong đó, ba loài nhện Argiope dang (Araneidae), Clubiona coreana (Clubionidae) và Oxyopes sertatus (Oxyopidae) lần đầu tiên được ghi nhận cho khu hệ nhện Việt Nam. Bốn loài gồm Clubiona sp., Erigone sp., Carrohtus sp. và Rhene sp. thuộc họ Clubionidae, Linyphiidae và Salticidae chỉ định danh đến bậc giống. Araneidae là họ có nhiều loài nhất với 5 loài, kế đến là họ Salticidae với 4 trong số 15 loài được ghi nhận. Hai loài nhện Araneus inustus và Oxyopes sertatus được ghi nhận trong suốt hai vụ lúa ở cả trong và ngoài đê, nhưng số lượng của loài đầu tiên chiếm ưu thế tuyệt đối với 257 cá thể, đây có thể là loài ưu thế hoặc là loài thích ứng tốt với môi trường sống. Số lượng loài nhện được ghi nhận vào vụ thu đông, trong đê (9 loài) nhiều hơn so với vụ hè thu, ngoài đê (5 loài). Chỉ số đa dạng sinh học như độ giàu loài Margalef (d), độ đồng đều Pielou (J’), Shannon-Weawer (H’) và Simpson (1-l) đạt giá trị cao nhất ở vụ thu đông, trong đê và thấp nhất ở vụ hè thu, ngoài đê. Điều này có thể do sự tác động của việc sử dụng nông dược không đều nhau giữa các vụ lúa. Năm loài nhện Argiope dang, Parawixia dehaani, Plexippus paykulli, Carrohtus sp. và Rhene sp. chỉ được ghi nhận ở ngoài đê, trong khi đó, Gasteracantha kuhli và Evarcha pococki chỉ ghi nhận được ở khu vực trong đê. Cần tiếp tục nghiên cứu khả năng thích nghi và vai trò làm thiên địch của hai loài được ghi nhận được cả trong và ngoài đê trong suốt hai vụ lúa, đặc biệt là loài ưu thế Araneus inustus.
Tối ưu hóa quy trình phân tích các hợp chất hydrocacbon đa vòng thơm ngưng tụ trong chè
Authors: Dương Hồng Anh 
Published: June 2019

Nghiên cứu đã khảo sát quy trình xử lý mẫu và phân tích 15 hợp chất hydrocacbon đa vòng thơm ngưng tụ trong chè bằng phương pháp sắc ký khí ghép nối khối phổ. Giới hạn phát hiện của phương pháp đối với từng PAH trong chè có giá trị trong khoảng 0,07 – 0,16 µg/kg, hiệu suất thu hồi đạt từ 53 – 132 % với độ lặp tốt (RSD từ 1,1 – 7,3 %). Quy trình đã được áp dụng vào phân tích một số mẫu chè xanh của Việt Nam, cho kết quả tổng hàm lượng PAHs trong khoảng 38,1 – 123 µg/kg. So sánh với quy định của Uỷ Ban Châu Âu về hàm lượng tối đa cho phép của benzo(a)pyren và nhóm PAH4 trong thảo dược khô cho thấy tất cả các mẫu chè xanh đã phân tích đều có hàm lượng PAH độc hại ở mức thấp hơn giới hạn cho phép.
Triterpenoids and Phytosterols Isolated from Pluchea Indica L. Leaves
Authors: Thi Viet Huong Do , Minh Giang Phan , Thi Sim Hoang , Thi To Chinh Truong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract: Taraxasterol acetate, 1-dotriacontanol, taraxasterol, stigmasterol, 2-(prop-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihyroxyhexa-1,3-diynyl)thiophene), stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of Pluchea indica and determined with NMR techniques. Taraxasterol acetate, taraxasterol, and stigmasterol could be isolated in high yields from Pluchea indica growing in Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Keywords: Pluchea indica, phytosterol, triterpenoid, taraxasterol, stigmasterol.
References:
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PEER TO PEER LENDING DI INDONESIA DAN BEBERAPA PERMASALAHANNYA
Authors: Setiadi Saputra Adi 
Published: June 2019

Peer to peer lending has developed into a new investment measure providing solution for middle and small business enterprises in Indonesia, i.e., to obtain loan without collateral. However, the business enterprise providing the platform for peer to peer lending (websites or other apps), connecting would be lenders and borrowers, almost always puts into the service agreement a disclaimer stating that it would not be held liable in case of default. Using a juridical dogmatic approach, the author discusses the existence of such disclaimers from the viewpoint of consumer protection. The main argument put forward here is that the business enterprise providing this service cannot and should not shy away from bearing responsibility in protecting the consumer, i.e. those that provide loans.
PROBLEMATIK PENATAAN JENIS DAN HIERARKI PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Efendi A'an 
Published: June 2019

Indonesia over a period of numerous years has had four different regulations with the same intent, i.e. to reorder the hierarchy of the various forms and types of legislative products. This effort apparently has not yet been a success. In this article, the author shall attempt to identify the core problem hindering the effort at re-ordering and discuss how other countries, notably, Germany, France, and the Netherland tackle the same comparable problem. The approach used here is doctrinal or dogmatic, and in addition a comparative law method. One important recommendation resulting from this study is that it would be better if the Indonesian legislator re-order the hierarchy of the various forms and types of legislation on the basis of the hierarchal order of the organ issues the legislative product.