bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential neurodegenerative phenotypes are associated with heterogeneous voiding dysfunction in a coronavirus-induced model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Nedumaran Balachandar , Hypolite Joseph , Caldwell Brian , Rudolph Michael C. , Malykhina Anna P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We previously characterized a murine model of neurogenic bladder dysfunction induced by a neurotropic strain of a coronavirus. In the present study, we further study the role of long-lasting neurodegeneration on the development of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in mice with corona-virus induced encephalitis (CIE). Long-term follow up study revealed three phenotypes of neurodegenerative symptom development: recovery (REC group), chronic progression (C-PRO group) and chronic disease with relapsing-remitting episodes (C-RELAP group). The levels of IL-1β in REC group, IL-10 in C-RELAP group, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in C-PRO group were diminished in the brain. The levels of TNF-α in REC group and INF-γ, IL-2, TGF-β and TNF-α in the C-PRO group were also diminished in the urinary bladder. Mice in C-RELAP group showed a delayed recovery of voiding function. In vitro contractility studies determined a decreased basal detrusor tone and reduced amplitude of nerve-mediated contractions in C-RELAP group, whereas C-PRO group had elevated muscle-mediated contractions. In conclusion, mice with CIE developed three phenotypes of neurologic impairment mimicking different types of MS progression in humans and showed differential mechanisms driving neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Enhanced morphological and functional differences of pancreatic cancer with epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics in 3D culture
Authors: Shichi Yuuki , Sasaki Norihiko , Michishita Masaki , Hasegawa Fumio , Matsuda Yoko , Arai Tomio , Gomi Fujiya , Aida Junko , Takubo Kaiyo , Toyoda Masashi , Yoshimura Hisashi , Takahashi Kimimasa , Ishiwata Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer, composed of heterogeneous cancer cells, alters epithelial to mesenchymal features during growth and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells showing epithelial or mesenchymal features in 3D culture. In 3D culture, PK-1 cells had high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression and exhibited a round-like appearance encircled by flat cells. PANC-1 cells had high vimentin and low E-cadherin expression and formed grape-like spheres. PK-1 cells had secretary granules and many microvilli, desmosomes, and adherens junctions, while PANC-1 cells had few microvilli, adherens junction, and no desmosomes. Cytokeratin 7, trypsin, CA19-9, and E-cadherin were highly expressed in PK-1 cells but not in PANC-1 cells. Ki-67 was diffusely expressed in PANC-1 spheres but was restricted to the peripheral flat cells of PK-1 spheres. PANC-1 and PK-1 cells were positive for transforming growth factor (TGF) β receptor II and phosphorylated smad2/3, but PK-1 cells were smad4 negative. Taken together, 3D culture enhanced morphofunctional differences of PDAC cells showing epithelial or mesenchymal characteristics, and epithelial phenotype maintenance may be due to the ineffectiveness of the TGF- β pathway. Clarification of heterogeneity using 3D culture may be useful for development of individualized diagnostic and therapeutic methods in patients with PDAC.
Formation and behavior of negative ions in low pressure aniline-containing RF plasmas
Authors: Pattyn Cedric , Kovacevic Eva , Strunskus Thomas , Lecas Thomas , Berndt Johannes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper is focused on the formation mechanisms and the general behavior of negative ions in low pressure radio-frequency (RF) plasmas operated in a mixture of argon and aniline vapor. This type of plasma is mostly used for the synthesis of polyaniline, one of the most studied conductive polymers. Experiments based on mass spectroscopy measurements reveal the necessity to have a thin layer of plasma synthesized polyaniline on the electrodes to produce negative ions through complex surface reactions. In addition, thin-films deposited using this type of discharge are analyzed by means of Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The material analysis gives a first indication about the possible contribution of negative ions to polyaniline deposition.
Escherichia coli adaptation and response to exposure to heavy atmospheric pollution
Authors: Zhang Tian , Shi Xiao-Chen , Xia Yangyang , Mai Liqiang , Tremblay Pier-Luc 
Published: July 2019

Abstract90% of the world population is exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution. This is a major public health issue causing 7 million death each year. Air pollution comprises an array of pollutants such as particulate matters, ozone and carbon monoxide imposing a multifactorial stress on living cells. Here,Escherichia coliwas used as model cell and adapted for 390 generations to atmospheric pollution to assess its long-term effects at the genetic, transcriptomic and physiological levels. Over this period,E.colievolved to grow faster and acquired an adaptive mutation inrpoB, which encodes the RNA polymerase β subunit. Transcriptomic and biochemical characterization showed alteration of the cell membrane composition resulting in lesser permeability after the adaptation process. A second significant change in the cell wall structure of the adapted strain was the greater accumulation of the exopolysaccharides colanic acid and cellulose in the extracellular fraction. Results also indicated that amino acids homeostasis was involved inE.coliresponse to atmospheric pollutants. This study demonstrates that adaptive mutation with transformative physiological impact can be fixed in genome after exposure to atmospheric pollution and also provides a comprehensive portrait of the cellular response mechanisms involved.
Crustal Structure of the Collision-Subduction Zone in South of Iran Using Virtual Seismometers
Authors: Shirzad Taghi , Riahi Mohammad-Ali , Assumpção Marcelo S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImproving the resolution of seismic tomography by adding virtual seismometers is an ambitious aim in regions with poor instrumental coverage. In this study, inter-event empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) were retrieved using cross-correlation of the vertical component of 630 earthquakes with M ≥ 4 which occurred around the collision-subduction transition zone in south Iran. To extract reliable inter-event EGFs and obtain stable tomographic results, we used about 1300 event pairs with good signal-to-noise ratio, each pair well aligned to a seismic station. Our results show that the retrieved inter-event EGFs agree well with those obtained from earthquakes in similar paths. The inverted velocity model presents two main layers including upper crust (up to ~16 km) and middle crust (deeper than ~18 km) in both sides of the Minab-Zendan-Palami transition zone. The upper crust contains two main layers: sedimentary and basement layers with thicknesses ~6 and ~10 km, respectively. Moreover, the main faults cause lateral variations in these main layers. The difference between the average velocities of the middle crust, between the collision and subduction zones, is about 0.5 km/s, delimited by faults. Also, an area with a 30 km width along these faults can be defined as the collision-subduction transition zone.
Cochlear shape reveals that the human organ of hearing is sex-typed from birth
Authors: Braga J. , Samir C. , Risser L. , Dumoncel J. , Descouens D. , Thackeray J. F. , Balaresque P. , Oettlé A. , Loubes J.-M. , Fradi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSex differences in behavioral and neural characteristics can be caused by cultural influences but also by sex-based differences in neurophysiological and sensorimotor features. Since signal-response systems influence decision-making, cooperative and collaborative behaviors, the anatomical or physiological bases for any sex-based difference in sensory mechanisms are important to explore. Here, we use uniform scaling and nonparametric representations of the human cochlea, the main organ of hearing that imprints its adult-like morphology within the petrosal bone from birth. We observe a sex-differentiated torsion along the 3D cochlear curve in samples of 94 adults and 22 juvenile skeletons from cross-cultural contexts. The cochlear sexual dimorphism measured in our study allows sex assessment from the human skeleton with a mean accuracy ranging from 0.91 to 0.93 throughout life. We conclude that the human cochlea is sex-typed from an early post-natal age. This, for the first time, allows nondestructive sex determination of juveniles’ skeletal remains in which the biomolecules are too degraded for study but in which the petrosal is preserved, one of the most common bone within archaeological assemblages. Our observed sex-typed cochlear shape from birth is likely associated with complex evolutionary processes in modern humans for reasons not yet fully understood.
Chemical Purification of Terbium-155 from Pseudo-Isobaric Impurities in a Mass Separated Source Produced at CERN
Authors: Webster Ben , Ivanov Peter , Russell Ben , Collins Sean , Stora Thierry , Ramos Joao Pedro , Köster Ulli , Robinson Andrew Paul , Read David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFour terbium radioisotopes (149, 152, 155, 161Tb) constitute a potential theranostic quartet for cancer treatment but require any derived radiopharmaceutical to be essentially free of impurities. Terbium-155 prepared by proton irradiation and on-line mass separation at the CERN-ISOLDE and CERN-MEDICIS facilities contains radioactive 139Ce16O and also zinc or gold, depending on the catcher foil used. A method using ion-exchange and extraction chromatography resins in two column separation steps has been developed to isolate 155Tb with a chemical yield of ≥95% and radionuclidic purity ≥99.9%. Conversion of terbium into a form suitable for chelation to targeting molecules in diagnostic nuclear medicine is presented. The resulting 155Tb preparations are suitable for the determination of absolute activity, SPECT phantom imaging studies and pre-clinical trials.
Distance-dependent seed‒seedling transition in the tree Castanopsis sclerophylla is altered by fragment size
Authors: Wang Rong , Shi Yi-Su , Zhang Yu-Xuan , Xu Gao-Fu , Shen Guo-Chun , Chen Xiao-Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNegative distance-dependence of conspecific seedling mortality (NDisDM) is a crucial stabilizing force that regulates plant diversity, but it remains unclear whether and how fragment size shifts the strength of NDisDM. Here, we surveyed the seed‒seedling transition process for a total of 25,500 seeds of a local dominant tree species on islands of various sizes in a reservoir and on the nearby mainland. We found significant NDisDM on the mainland and large and medium islands, with significantly stronger NDisDM on medium islands. However, positive distance-dependent mortality was detected on small islands. Changes in distance-dependence were critically driven by both rodent attack and pathogen infestation, which were significantly affected by fragment size. Our results emphasize the necessity of incorporating the effects of fragment size on distance-dependent regeneration of dominant plant species into the existing frameworks for better predicting the consequences of habitat fragmentation.
Evolution of Oryza chloroplast genomes promoted adaptation to diverse ecological habitats
Authors: Gao Li-Zhi , Liu Yun-Long , Zhang Dan , Li Wei , Gao Ju , Liu Yuan , Li Kui , Shi Chao , Zhao Yuan , Zhao You-Jie , Jiao Jun-Ying , Mao Shu-Yan , Gao Cheng-Wen , Eichler Evan E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe course, tempo and mode of chloroplast genome evolution remain largely unknown, resulting in limited knowledge about how plant plastome gene and genome evolve during the process of recent plant speciation. Here, we report the complete plastomes of 22 closely relatedOryzaspecies in chronologically ordered stages and generate the first precise map of genomic structural variation, to our knowledge. The occurrence rapidity was estimated on average to be ~7 insertions and ~15 deletions per Myr. Relatively fewer deletions than insertions result in an increased repeat density that causes the observed growth ofOryzachloroplast genome sizes. Genome-wide scanning identified 14 positively selected genes that are relevant to photosynthesis system, eight of which were found independently in shade-tolerant or sun-loving rice species.psaAseemed positively selected in both shade-tolerant and sun-loving rice species. The results show that adaptive evolution of chloroplast genes makes rice species adapt to diverse ecological habitats related to sunlight preferences.
Role of prolyl hydroxylation in the molecular interactions of collagens
Authors: Rappu Pekka , Salo Antti M. , Myllyharju Johanna , Heino Jyrki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Co- and post-translational hydroxylation of proline residues is critical for the stability of the triple helical collagen structure. In this review, we summarise the biology of collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases and collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylases, the enzymes responsible for proline hydroxylation. Furthermore, we describe the potential roles of hydroxyproline residues in the complex interplay between collagens and other proteins, especially integrin and discoidin domain receptor type cell adhesion receptors. Qualitative and quantitative regulation of collagen hydroxylation may have remarkable effects on the properties of the extracellular matrix and consequently on the cell behaviour.
Ethical Considerations for Client-Centered Telepractice
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This article addresses the ethical conduct of client-centered telepractice, with the following purposes: to define ethical communication, to describe state licensure requirements for practicing clinicians, and to provide examples of lawful and unlawful telepractice.

Conclusions
The hypothetical scenarios presented in this article employed examples from telespeech; however, the guiding ethical principles are similarly relevant to tele-audiology service delivery. The driving force for telepractice is to improve the quality of life of clients with communication disorders.
Die Therapie des akuten Leberversagens – alte Mythen und neue Trends
Authors: Rifaie Nadja , Saner Fuat H. 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Diagnosestellung Es ist von entscheidender therapeutischer und diagnostischer Konsequenz zwischen einem echten akuten Leberversagen und einer akuten Dekompensation einer chronischen Lebererkrankung mit oder ohne Organausfall zu unterscheiden.
Therapie Ungeachtet des klinischen Eindrucks gehört ein Patient mit akutem Leberversagen zunächst auf die Intensivstation. Sofern möglich, ist eine kausale Therapie durchzuführen. Bisher existiert kein funktionierendes Leberersatzverfahren. Plasmapherese kann nützlich sein.
Gerinnungsstörung Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass beim ALV eher eine Thromboseneigung als die bisher vermutete Koagulopathie besteht.
Enzephalopathie und Hirnödem Die Enzephalopathie und ein potenziell letales Hirnödem spielen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Prognose.
Transplantation Bei akutem Leberversagen wird zunehmend weniger transplantiert. Dies liegt am ehesten am Fortschritt in der intensivmedizinischen Therapie.
Therapie des Diabetes mellitus bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Bojunga Jörg , Mondorf Antonia 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Pathophysiologie, Besonderheiten bei Diagnose und Therapiezielen Eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion wirkt sich nicht nur auf die Clearance exogen zugeführten Insulins und die Ausscheidung von Medikamenten aus, sondern auch auf diagnostische Verfahren wie die Bestimmung des HbA1c. Eine adäquate Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle ist daher für Patienten mit Diabetes und chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD, chronic kidney disease) besonders wichtig. Diabetiker mit CKD haben zudem ein deutlich höheres Risiko für Hypoglykämie als Diabetiker mit normaler Nierenfunktion.
Pharmakologie und Zulassung von Antidiabetika bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion Viele Antidiabetika müssen bei CKD entsprechend der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) dosisangepasst werden oder sollten nicht bei vorliegender oder fortschreitender CKD verwendet werden, insbesondere bei Patienten mit einer CKD G5 und bei Dialysepatienten. Eine Insulintherapie ist für Patienten geeignet, die sich einer Dialyse unterziehen. Bei diesen Patienten können jedoch auch einige oral verabreichte glukosesenkende Mittel sicher eingesetzt werden.
Auswahl der Präparate und praktisches Vorgehen Entsprechend der europäischen Konsensus- und deutschen Praxisempfehlungen sollte bei Patienten mit CKD eine individualisierte Diabetestherapie erfolgen, die auch Komorbiditäten, wie z. B. kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Übergewicht, berücksichtigt.
Prävention der „Kontrastmittel-induzierten“ Nephropathie – was ist zu beachten?
Authors: Weidenbusch Marc , Wörnle Markus , Kazmierczak Philipp , Ricke Jens , Fischereder Michael 
Published: July 2019

Was ist neu?
Kontrastmittel-induzierte vs. Kontrastmittel-assoziierte Nephropathie Seit neuere jodhaltige, nicht ionische Kontrastmittel (KM) angewendet werden, kommt es seltener zu akuten Nierenschädigungen (acute kidney injury, AKI) nach KM-Gabe. In aktuellen großen retrospektiven Analysen (in Summe > 100 000 Patienten) gibt es bei stationären Patienten mit CT-Untersuchung keine erhöhte Rate an AKI, wenn KM verabreicht wurde (vs. keine KM-Gabe). Nach intraarterieller KM-Gabe kommt es häufiger zu AKI als bei venöser KM-Gabe – hier spielen Cholesterinembolien durch Katheter-Manipulation eine Rolle. Der Begriff „Kontrastmittel-assoziierte Nierenschädigung“ (contrast-associated AKI, CA-AKI) ist daher bei multifaktorieller Pathogenese besser geeignet.
Maßnahmen bei intravenöser Kontrastmittelapplikation Die AMACING-Studie hat prospektiv die Volumengabe bei KM-Gabe zur Verhinderung von CA-AKI untersucht. Während die Volumengabe keinen Effekt auf die CA-AKI-Rate hatte, führte sie zu einer signifikant höheren Rate an akuter Herzinsuffizienz. Die „Vorwässerung“ vor KM-CT-Untersuchung kann daher zu einer Patientengefährdung durch die Volumenbelastung und zu einer Verzögerung wichtiger (Notfall-) Diagnostik führen – hier sollte die bisherige Praxis kritisch diskutiert und möglicherweise angepasst werden.
Maßnahmen bei intraarterieller Kontrastmittelapplikation Die PRESERVE-Studie hat prospektiv Volumengabe und N-Acetylcystein (ACC) bei i. a. KM-Gabe zur Verhinderung von CA-AKI untersucht. ACC zeigte keinen Nutzen und sollte daher nicht angewendet werden. Die Studie enthielt keine Gruppe ohne Volumengabe – verglichen wurden NaCl-Lösung und Bikarbonatlösung. Die in beiden Gruppen niedrige Rate an CA-AKI (< 5 % trotz Risikokollektiv) kann dafür sprechen, dass die Volumensubstitution bei i. a. KM-Gabe bei Risikopatienten die CA-AKI-Rate reduziert – bis zur Verfügbarkeit besserer Daten empfehlen wir daher die Volumengabe nach PRESERVE-Schema in diesem Kollektiv. Die Auswahl zwischen NaCl- und Bikarbonatlösung kann pragmatisch vom Säure-Basen-Haushalt abhängig erfolgen.
Management bei Auftreten eines AKI nach KM-Gabe Neue Daten zeigen die Auswirkungen selbst kleinster Kreatinin-Anstiege (+ 0,3 mg/dl) auf Krankenhausverweildauer und Letalität. Adäquate und zeitnahe AKI-Behandlung – mit oder ohne vorherige KM-Gabe! – ist daher wichtig, um das Outcome der Patienten zu verbessern. Hier ist die definitive Klärung der AKI-Genese (prä- vs. post- vs. intrarenal) wichtig, um die weitere Therapie zu steuern. Dazu bietet sich das primär interdisziplinäre Vorgehen mit Einbeziehung eines Nephrologen an.
Neonatal Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Tognato Eleonora , Perona Anna , Aronica Angela , Bertola Antonella , Cimminelli Lina , De Vecchi Simona , Eshraghy Mohammad Reza , Loperfido Bruna , Vivenza Claudia , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective The Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue resulting from pathogenic variants of the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) with skeletal, cardiac, and ocular involvement.
Study Design We report on a full-term male neonate, who showed at birth characteristics and dysmorphisms suggestive of nMFS, combined with the detection of severe cardiovascular disease. A multidisciplinary team made up of neonatologists and pediatricians, cardiologists, geneticists, ophtalmologists, physiatrists and physioterapists was formed to manage this patient.
Results and Conclusion Early diagnosis of this rare condition is critical for adequate treatment and specific follow-up, and impacts significantly on prognosis.
Restricted Palivizumab Recommendations and the Impact on RSV Hospitalizations among Infants Born at > 29 Weeks of Gestational Age: An Italian Multicenter Study
Authors: Priante Elena , Tavella Elena , Girardi Elisa , Militello Maria Angela , Mardegan Veronica , Maule Milena M. , Dall'Agnola Alberto , Baraldi Eugenio , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: July 2019

Objective Premature infants have the highest risk of being hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Palivizumab is the only licensed agent for RSVhospitalization (RSVH) prophylaxis in infants born at < 35 weeks of gestational age (wGA). In 2016, the Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco [AIFA]) has restricted the eligibility for reimbursement to infants at high risk of RSVH, ruling out palivizumab administration for infants born at > 29 wGA. The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence of RSVH in two consecutive epidemic seasons (2015–2016 vs. 2016–2017), that is, before and after the new AIFA recommendations on palivizumab eligibility.
Study Design This was a noninterventional retrospective cohort study conducted at three neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in northern Italy. Infants born at 29 and 35 wGA between March 15, 2015 and March 14, 2017 were enrolled for this study. Electronic medical charts were reviewed and parents were interviewed by telephone. Data were collected on neonatal course during NICU stay, palivizumab administration, and hospitalizations related to respiratory infections during the 1st year of life, comparing the infants born in season 1 with season 2.
Results Of 632 eligible infants, data were available for 536 (262 in season 1 and 274 in season 2). Overall, RSVH occurred 1.9 and 5.1% in infants in seasons 1 and 2, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–7.8, p = 0.045). When the analysis was limited to patients not exposed to palivizumab, RSVHs were recorded for 1.8 and 5.9% infants in seasons 1 and 2, respectively (OR = 3.42; 95% CI: 0.96–12.20, p = 0.045). It is noteworthy that the incidence of hospital admissions for respiratory viruses other than RSV did not differ between the two seasons.
Conclusion Restricting eligibility for palivizumab reimbursement led to a significant increase in RSVH but had no impact on hospitalizations for other respiratory viruses. Future decisions on palivizumab prescription and coverage rules should be driven by a careful assessment of the cost-benefit ratio.