bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double quantum filtered 23Na MRI with magic angle excitation of human skeletal muscle in the presence of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities
Authors: Gast Lena V. , Gerhalter Teresa , Hensel Bernhard , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: October 2018

Double quantum filtered 23Na MRI with magic angle excitation (DQF‐MA) can be used to selectively detect sodium ions located within anisotropic structures such as muscle fibers. It might therefore be a promising tool to analyze the microscopic environment of sodium ions, for example in the context of osmotically neutral sodium retention. However, DQF‐MA imaging is challenging due to various signal dependences, on both measurement parameters and external influences. The aim of this work was to examine how B0 in combination with B1 inhomogeneities alter the DQF‐MA signal intensity. We showed that, in the presence of B0 inhomogeneities, flip angle schemes with only one 54.7° pulse can be favorable compared with the classical 90°‐54.7°‐54.7° scheme. DQF‐MA images of the human lower leg were acquired at B0 = 3 T with a nominal spatial resolution of 12 × 12 × 36 mm3 within an acquisition time of TAcq < 10 min, and compared with spin density weighted (DW), as well as triple quantum filtration (TQF) 23Na images. We found mean normalized signal‐to‐noise ratios of TQF/DW = 13.7 ± 2.3% (tibialis anterior), 11.9 ± 2.3% (soleus) and 11.4 ± 2.2% (gastrocnemius medialis), as well as DQF‐MA/DW = 4.7 ± 1.1% (tibialis anterior), 3.3 ± 0.73% (soleus) and 3.4 ± 0.6% (gastrocnemius medialis). These ratios might serve as additional measures in future clinical studies of sodium retention within human skeletal muscle. However, the influence of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities should be considered when interpreting DQF‐MA images.
Accurate computations with Laguerre matrices
Authors: Delgado Jorge , Orera Héctor , Peña Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper provides an accurate method to obtain the bidiagonal factorization of collocation matrices of generalized Laguerre polynomials and of Lah matrices, which in turn can be used to compute with high relative accuracy the eigenvalues, singular values, and inverses of these matrices. Numerical examples are included.
Randomized algorithms for total least squares problems
Authors: Xie Pengpeng , Xiang Hua , Wei Yimin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMotivated by the recently popular probabilistic methods for low‐rank approximations and randomized algorithms for the least squares problems, we develop randomized algorithms for the total least squares problem with a single right‐hand side. We present the Nyström method for the medium‐sized problems. For the large‐scale and ill‐conditioned cases, we introduce the randomized truncated total least squares with the known or estimated rank as the regularization parameter. We analyze the accuracy of the algorithm randomized truncated total least squares and perform numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of our randomized algorithms. The randomized algorithms can greatly reduce the computational time and still maintain good accuracy with very high probability.
Oral and Post‐Oral Actions of Low‐Calorie Sweeteners: A Tale of Contradictions and Controversies
Authors: Glendinning John I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjective: Many scientists and laypeople alike have concerns about low‐calorie sweeteners (LCSs). These concerns stem from both a dissatisfaction with the taste of LCSs and reports that they cause metabolic disruptions (e.g., weight gain, glucose intolerance).Methods: This article provides a critical review of the literature on LCSs from the standpoint of their taste, gastrointestinal, and metabolic effects; biological fate in the body; and impact on ingestion and glucose homeostasis.Results and Conclusions: Mammals can readily discriminate between LCSs and sugars because both types of sweetener activate distinct oral and post‐oral sensory pathways. LCSs differ in their ability to access post‐oral tissues, but few studies have incorporated this observation into their design. It is difficult to extrapolate results between mice, rats, and humans because of interspecies differences in the taste and post‐oral actions of LCSs and the fact that investigators often use different response measures in rodents and humans. There is confounding in the experimental design of some of the most widely cited studies of LCS‐induced metabolic disruptions. The uncritical acceptance of these studies has generated considerable controversy. More work is needed to obtain a clearer understanding of the metabolic effects of LCSs.
Development and Application of Carbon‐Layer‐Stabilized, Nitrogen‐Doped, Bamboo‐Like Carbon Nanotube Catalysts in CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Sikora Emőke , Prekob Ádám , Halasi Gyula , Vanyorek László , Pekker Péter , Kristály Ferenc , Varga Tamás , Kiss János , Kónya Zoltán , Viskolcz Béla 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped, bamboo‐like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) were synthesized from butylamine by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD method). The nanotubes were oxidized by H2SO4/HNO3 treatment and used to prepare calcium alginate gelled BCNT spheres. These beads were first carbonized and then Pd, Rh and Ni nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of the spheres. These systems were then applied as catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation. The BCNT support was examined by Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared catalysts were characterized by HRTEM and SEM. The oxidation pretreatment of BCNTs was successful, with the electrokinetic potential of the water‐based dispersion of BCNTs measuring −59.9 mV, meaning the nanotube dispersion is stable. Pyridinic and graphitic types of incorporated nitrogen centers were identified in the structure of the nanotubes, according to the XPS measurements. The Pd‐containing BCNT sphere catalyst was the most efficient in the catalytic studies. The highest conversion was reached on the Pd catalyst at 723 K, as well as at 873 K. The difference in the formation rate of CO was much less at 873 K between the Pd and Rh compared to the 723 K values. Accordingly, the application of Pd‐containing BCNT/carbon‐supported catalyst favored the generation of CO. However, the Ni‐BCNT/carbon catalyst leads to the formation of CH4 as the major product.
Explaining global network emergence and nonemergence: Comparing the processes of network formation for tuberculosis and pneumonia
Authors: Quissell Kathryn , Berlan David , Shiffman Jeremy , Walt Gill 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIncreased attention is being paid to networks in public administration and development policy, yet there is limited understanding of how voluntary global networks form and why some of these networks cohere and emerge faster than others. Comparisons between the global networks for tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia reveal processes of network formation relevant to other contexts. Though selected as most similar paired cases, their trajectories of network emergence diverged and TB's formed far earlier and more easily. By using a theoretic framework allowing for networks to be considered as outcomes of a policy process, this study reveals an iterative process of network emergence corresponding to the three streams model of issue attention. Successful emergence is based on building shared identities among policy entrepreneurs, agreeing on issue frames, creating institutions, developing relationships, sustaining latent networks during issue neglect, and linking to opportunities in the policy environment. Further, this study reveals that once formed, network structures enable access to political opportunities and more effective development policymaking and governance. Additionally, for networks struggling to take shape, we identify deliberate efforts that can overcome earlier iterations of failed attempts at network formation.
Medication history assessment in research: A randomized controlled trial comparing tablet‐based (eMedHAT) versus structured interview (MedHAT)
Authors: Green Jody L. , Anderson Victoria , Dart Richard C. , Heard Kennon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeAccurate capture of medication use is important for high quality research. For epidemiologic studies, medication histories are the most common measure of exposure when trying to identify associations between medications and outcomes. Concomitant medications can alter the efficacy or safety of study drugs in clinical trials. However, there are few studies evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of methods to collect these histories. The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of medication histories collected by structured interview to histories captured using a tablet‐based application.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. Subjects were instructed to record all prescription medications, non‐prescription medications, vitamins, and dietary supplements in a diary for 30 days. At the end of the diary collection, subjects were randomized to providing a medication history during a structured interview by a trained research assistant (MedHAT) or using a tablet‐based application (eMedHAT). The accuracy of these histories was compared using an adjusted analysis. We also measured the duration of the history collection and data entry.ResultsA total of 111 subjects were in the MedHAT group and 109 subjects were in the eMedHAT group. Recall of medications for the 30‐day period was similar for MedHAT and eMedHAT (76.9% versus 75.2%, respectively). The total time required for researchers and subjects for history collection and data entry was 16 minutes shorter for the tablet‐based method.ConclusionsTablet‐based medication histories were as accurate as histories obtained by research assistants and required less time for the researcher.
Uptake and intracellular fate of nona‐arginine peptide in yeast
Authors: Banerjee Riddhi , Deb Rachayeeta , Roy Karabi , Chatterjee Sunanda , Nagotu Shirisha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) which are capable of crossing biological membranes are important tools for the delivery of cargo in modern day science and medicine. Mammalian cells are commonly used as model systems to study the uptake mechanism of several CPPs. In contrast, there are very few reports describing the mode of internalization of CPPs in fungal cells. Despite these studies, our understanding of the mechanism of translocation of CPPs in yeast is ambiguous. In this work, we evaluated the uptake of carboxyfluorescein‐labeled nona‐arginine (CF‐R9) CPP into the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Translocation of R9 was concentration and time‐dependent and did not largely affect the viability of the cells. Endocytosis was the preferred mode of uptake when the cells were grown at 30 °C. A significant effect on the translocation of R9 was observed in cells treated with chemicals that inhibit energy‐dependent uptake and endocytosis. A substantial reduction in the uptake of the peptide was also observed in mutant cells lacking End3p, an essential protein for endocytosis. Interestingly, as proposed for other cell types, significant direct uptake was not observed in our experimental conditions. To our knowledge, this study for the first time reports the mechanism of translocation of R9 in yeast cells.
Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend film: effects of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene glycol) on the properties
Authors: Saha Debarghya , Samal Sushanta K , Biswal Manoranjan , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) film plasticized with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) at various weight percentages (1–5 wt%) was prepared to improve the elongation, thus overcoming the inherent brittleness of the material. After optimization of the amount of PEO (4 wt%) through mechanical analysis, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a well‐established plasticizer of PLA, was added (0.5–1.5 wt%) without hampering the transparency and tensile strength much, and again its amount was optimized (1 wt%). Neat PLA and PLA with the other components were solvent‐cast in the form of films using chloroform as a solvent. Improvement in elongation at break and reduction in tensile strength suggested a plasticizing effect of both PEO and PEG on PLA. Thermal and infrared data revealed that the addition of PEO induced β crystals in PLA. Scanning electron micrographs indicated a porous surface morphology of the blends. PEO alone in PLA exhibited the best optical clarity with higher percentage crystallinity, while PEG incorporation in PLA/PEO resulted in superior barrier properties. Also, the stability of the blends under a wide range of pH means prospective implementation of the films in packaging of food and non‐food‐grade products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A study of an adapted social–emotional learning: Small group curriculum in a school setting
Authors: Green Jennifer H. , Passarelli Rebecca E. , Smith‐Millman Mills K. , Wagers Keshia , Kalomiris Anne E. , Scott Madeline N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClinicians and training programs strive to implement evidence‐based practices and manualized treatments with fidelity. However, the constraints of a local setting may limit the extent to which this is possible. In the current study, an adapted model of an evidence‐based social–emotional learning small group curriculum, the Incredible Years Children’s Small Group Training Series (Webster‐Stratton, 2004), was implemented and evaluated in an elementary school setting. Results of the study demonstrated statistically significant decreases in problem behaviors and intensity of problem behaviors, as rated by teachers. Teachers also reported improvement in classroom behavior, emotion regulation, problem‐solving, and friendship skills, as well as a high overall level of satisfaction with the intervention itself. Discussion of the results includes a review of the strengths and limitations associated with outcome research in a naturalistic setting, suggestions to consider when adapting evidence‐based programs, and recommendations for future research.
What we know and do not know about supervision in school psychology: A systematic mapping and review of the literature between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Newman Daniel S. , Simon Dennis J. , Swerdlik Mark E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSupervision is a distinct competency area in professional psychology with a burgeoning research base. Yet it remains unclear to what extent the broad supervision research base generalizes specifically to supervision of psychological services in schools for both preservice trainees and credentialed school psychologists. The purposes of this study were to map and review current evidence regarding supervision in school psychology; consider the evidence in the context of the broader psychology supervision literature; and reflect on next steps for training, practice, and research of supervision in school psychology. A systematic review across school psychology journals and psychological supervision journals found only 37 peer refereed articles (21 empirical and 16 conceptual) published on the topic of supervision in school psychology since the year 2000. The topical coverage of these articles is summarized, including its contributions and limitations. Implications are drawn for future research of supervision in school psychology.
Comparing the effects of ClassDojo with and without Tootling intervention in a postsecondary special education classroom setting
Authors: Lipscomb Anne H. , Anderson Megan , Gadke Daniel L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClassDojo and Tootling are two intervention techniques rooted in behavioral theory used in classwide behavior management purposes. ClassDojo is a technology‐based behavior tracking system, allowing users to provide or remove points to students based on their classroom behaviors. Tootling provides students with the opportunity to deliver positive feedback to their peers in the form of tootles. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of ClassDojo alone and Tootling plus ClassDojo for decreasing the problem behavior in a postsecondary classroom. Participants included seven emerging adult students (19–24 years old) with intellectual disabilities in a Comprehensive Transitional Program at a major university. A single subject A/A + B + C alternating treatment design was implemented to compare the intervention conditions in both baseline and ongoing control conditions. Visual analysis suggested that the ClassDojo‐alone condition produced the greatest reduction in problem behavior for the classroom as a whole and across most individual students. Further, there were strong effects using nonoverlap of all pairs of both ClassDojo and Tootling plus ClassDojo relative to baseline conditions. Limitations of the study, implication for practice, and future research are discussed.
Thermally amendable tailor‐made acrylate copolymers via RAFT polymerization and ultrafast alder‐ene “click” chemistry
Authors: Mondal Prantik , Raut Sagar Kumar , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis investigation reports the preparation of thermally amendable copolymers of 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by Alder‐ene reaction. The chemical compositions and molecular weights of the copolymers were determined via 1H NMR and gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. The hydroxyl groups of PHEMA in the copolymer were modified to incorporate indole functional group, which was further modified via an ultrafast Alder‐ene reaction using a bifunctional 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD) derivative. The thermoreversible character of the resultant crosslinked network was studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT‐IR analyses. Different microscopic analyses were performed to study the self‐healing property and self‐healing efficiency of the crosslinked network. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2310–2318
The effect of dendritic pendants on the folding of amphiphilic copolymers via supramolecular interactions
Authors: ter Huurne Gijs M. , Vantomme Ghislaine , van den Bersselaar Bart W. L. , Thota Bala N. S. , Voets Ilja K. , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe supramolecular folding of amphiphilic heterograft copolymers equipped with dendritic pendants is investigated using a combination of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Hereto, the linear poly(ethylene glycol) pendants normally used to convey water compatibility are partially substituted with branched analogues. For one set of copolymers, second‐generation polyglycerol dendrons are directly attached to the polymer backbone, while for the other a hydrophilic linker is placed in between. The results show that the branching of the hydrophilic pendants affects the local structure of the folded copolymer but does not influence the overall conformation and single‐chain character of the folded copolymers in solution. All copolymers fold into 4–5 nm single‐chain polymeric nanoparticles with a very compact spherical morphology, independent of the dendritic content of the copolymer. Intriguingly, the incorporation of the dendritic pendants affects the formation of a structured interior even at low incorporation ratios. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 411–421
Exploring the relationship between the body self and the sense of coherence in women after surgical treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Jabłoński Marcin J. , Mirucka Beata , Streb Joanna , Słowik Agnieszka J. , Jach Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnalysis of the relationship between the body self (BS) and the sense of coherence (SOC) in women after breast surgery due to cancer in comparison with a control group.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in a group of 78 women using the body–self questionnaire (BS‐Q), and the life orientation questionnaire (SOC‐29). Statistics based on the IBM SPSS v.25.ResultsMultivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) has shown significant differences based on groups in experiencing intimacy, manifesting femininity, body acceptance, and manageability. In particular, manifesting femininity and body acceptance showed a big effect size (0.30 < partial ɳ2 < 0.32). Correlation analysis between the BS‐Q and SOC‐29 subscales and Fisher's r to z transformation determines that the differences between groups were significant in favour of healthy women in two sets of variables: experiencing intimacy/meaningfulness and attitude to food and weight/manageability.ConclusionsBreast cancer survivors are at greater risk of developing decreased body acceptance and problems in intimacy, and have less correlation than the healthy control group between manageability and meaningfulness with an appropriate attitude to food and intimate relationship with their partner, respectively. A higher manifestation of femininity in the treated group can be considered a positive but socioculturally conditioned coping strategy.
Evaluating the yield of gastrointestinal testing in pediatric patients in aerodigestive clinic
Authors: DeBoer Emily M. , Kinder Sarah , Duggar Alison , Prager Jeremy D. , Soden Jason , Deterding Robin R. , Ruiz Amanda G. , Jensen Emily L. , Weinman Jason , Wine Todd , Fortunato John E. , Friedlander Joel A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo improve understanding of the interrelatedness of airway and esophageal diagnoses by evaluating the yield of procedural and radiographic testing of the gastrointestinal tract in children with airway conditions by their referring diagnoses in a pediatric aerodigestive clinic.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all 325 patients seen in the aerodigestive program from 2010 to 2013 was performed in a single academic medical center. Demographics and results from esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies (EGD), upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy studies (UGI), and pH multichannel intraluminal impedance probe (pH‐MII) performed within 30 days of the clinic visit were evaluated according to presenting diagnoses.ResultsMean patient age was 3.15 years (range 0.15‐24 years) and 41.2% were born premature. 189/325 (58.1%) were on acid suppression. A total of 295 EGD, 193 pH‐MII, and 54 UGI were performed. The most common diagnosis with an abnormal pH‐MII was asthma. The most common diagnoses with an abnormal EGD were feeding difficulty and tracheal esophageal fistula/ esophageal atresia (TEF/EA). EGDs were normal in 188/295 (63.7%), while 39/295 (13.2%) demonstrated esophagitis, and 22/295 (7.5%) had >15 esophageal eosinophils per high power field. The majority of pH‐MII (144/193 [74.6%]) and UGI (47/54 [87%]) were normal.ConclusionsChildren with feeding difficulty, TEF/EA, and asthma were the mostly likely to have a histologic abnormality on EGD or an abnormal pH‐MII. The majority of children were previously prescribed acid suppression medication and had a referring diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease but were subsequently found to have normal evaluation. Prospective studies are needed to optimize care of this population.