bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of the Si(1 1 1) 7 × 7 substrate with coronene molecules using simple molecular source
Authors: Przychodnia Marta , Czajka Ryszard , Koczorowski Wojciech 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The present paper aims at describing a source designed and constructed to generate an organic molecular beam under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The presented construction solution of the evaporation source allows for independent deposition of three different kinds of molecules. The probability of molecules fragmentation is minimized by using a thermocouple being in contact with a molecular crucible, which enables precise temperature control. In addition, cleanness and molecular beam density are monitored using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and quartz microbalance, respectively. The operational parameters of the molecular source are optimized and deposition rates are measured for the coronene molecule in the sublimation temperature range between 430 K and 460 K. The analysis of scanning tunneling microscope images of the Si(1 1 1) 7 × 7 substrate covered with the sub-monolayer of coronene molecules and comparison with previously published data has been used for verification of the molecular source operation.
Diatoms – A “Green” Way to Biosynthesize Gold-Silica Nanocomposites?
Authors: Pytlik Nathalie , Butscher Daniel , Machill Susanne , Brunner Eike 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Biosynthesis by diatoms provides a green approach for nanoparticle (NP) production. However, reproducible and homogeneous shapes are essential for their application. To improve these characteristics during biosynthesis, the underlying synthesis mechanisms as well as involved substances need to be understood. The first essential step for suitable analyses is the purification of Au-silica-nanocomposites from organic biomass. Succesfully cleaned nanocomposites could, for example, be useful as catalysts. In combination with the biosynthesized NPs, this material presents a “green” catalyst and could contribute to the currently thriving green nanochemistry. In this work, we compare different purification agents with respect to their ability to purify cells of the diatom Stephanopyxis turris without separating the biosynthesized Au-silica-nanocomposites from the diatom cell walls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used to localize and identify Au-silica-nanocomposites around the cells. The amount of remaining organic compounds on the purified cell is detected by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is used to track the “gold path” during cell growth and the different purifications steps.
Efficacy of an 8-Week Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training program on Hand Cycling Performance
Authors: Nevin Jonpaul , Smith Paul , Waldron Mark , Patterson Stephen , Price Mike , Hunt Alex , Blagrove Richard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Nevin, JP, Smith, P, Waldron, M, Patterson, S, Price, M, Hunt, A, and Blagrove, R. Efficacy of an 8-week concurrent strength and endurance training program on hand cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1861–1868, 2018—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week concurrent strength and endurance training program in comparison with endurance training only on several key determinants of hand cycling performance. Five H4 and 5 H3 classified hand cyclists with at least 1 year's hand cycling training history consented to participate in the study. Subjects underwent a battery of tests to establish body mass, body composition, V̇o
2peak, maximum aerobic power, gross mechanical efficiency (GME), maximal upper-body strength, and 30-km time-trial performance. Subjects were matched into pairs based on 30-km time-trial performance and randomly allocated to either a concurrent strength and endurance or endurance training only, intervention group. After an 8-week training program based on a conjugated block periodization model, subjects completed a second battery of tests. A mixed model, 2-way analysis of variance revealed no significant changes between groups. However, the calculation of effect sizes (ESs) revealed that both groups demonstrated a positive improvement in most physiological and performance measures with subjects in the concurrent group demonstrating a greater magnitude of improvement in body composition (ES −0.80 vs. −0.22), maximal aerobic power (ES 0.97 vs. 0.28), GME (ES 0.87 vs. 0.63), bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) (ES 0.53 vs. 0.33), seated row 1RM (ES 1.42 vs. 0.43), and 30-km time-trial performance (ES −0.66 vs. −0.30). In comparison with endurance training only, an 8-week concurrent training intervention based on a conjugated block periodization model seems to be a more effective training regime for improving the performance capabilities of hand cyclists.
Variations in Ca2+Influx Can Alter Chelator-Based Estimates of Ca2+Channel–Synaptic Vesicle Coupling Distance
Authors: Nakamura Yukihiro , Reva Maria , DiGregorio David A. 
Published: March 2018

The timing and probability of synaptic vesicle fusion from presynaptic terminals is governed by the distance between voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) and Ca2+sensors for exocytosis. This VGCC-sensor coupling distance can be determined from the fractional block of vesicular release by exogenous Ca2+chelators, which depends on biophysical factors that have not been thoroughly explored. Using numerical simulations of Ca2+reaction and diffusion, as well as vesicular release, we examined the contributions of conductance, density, and open duration of VGCCs, and the influence of endogenous Ca2+buffers on the inhibition of exocytosis by EGTA. We found that estimates of coupling distance are critically influenced by the duration and amplitude of Ca2+influx at active zones, but relatively insensitive to variations of mobile endogenous buffer. High concentrations of EGTA strongly inhibit vesicular release in close proximity (20-30 nm) to VGCCs if the flux duration is brief, but have little influence for longer flux durations that saturate the Ca2+sensor. Therefore, the diversity in presynaptic action potential duration is sufficient to alter EGTA inhibition, resulting in errors potentially as large as 300% if Ca2+entry durations are not considered when estimating VGCC–sensor coupling distances.SIGNIFICANT STATEMENTThe coupling distance between voltage-gated Ca2+channels and Ca2+sensors for exocytosis critically determines the timing and probability of neurotransmitter release. Perfusion of presynaptic terminals with the exogenous Ca2+chelator EGTA has been widely used for both qualitative and quantitative estimates of this distance. However, other presynaptic terminal parameters such as the amplitude and duration of Ca2+entry can also influence EGTA inhibition of exocytosis, thus confounding conclusions based on EGTA alone. Here, we performed reaction–diffusion simulations of Ca2+-driven synaptic vesicle fusion, which delineate the critical parameters influencing an accurate prediction of coupling distance. Our study provides guidelines for characterizing and understanding how variability in coupling distance across chemical synapses could be estimated accurately.
A rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency due to a homozygous Arg188Cys mutation in the STAR gene
Authors: Burget Lukas , Parera Laura Audí , Fernandez-Cancio Monica , Gräni Rolf , Henzen Christoph , Flück Christa E 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) is a key protein for the intracellular transport of cholesterol to the mitochondrium in endocrine organs (e.g. adrenal gland, ovaries, testes) and essential for the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Several mutations have been described and the clinical phenotype varies strongly and may be grouped into classic lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH), in which all steroidogenesis is disrupted, and non-classic LCAH, which resembles familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD), which affects predominantly adrenal functions. Classic LCAH is characterized by early and potentially life-threatening manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) with electrolyte disturbances and 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) in males as well as lack of pubertal development in both sexes. Non-classic LCAH manifests usually later in life with PAI. Nevertheless, life-long follow-up of gonadal function is warranted. We describe a 26-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with PAI early in life without detailed diagnostic work-up. At the age of 14 months, she presented with hyperpigmentation, elevated ACTH and low cortisol levels. As her older brother was diagnosed with PAI two years earlier, she was put on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone replacement therapy before an Addisonian crisis occurred. Upon review of her case in adulthood, consanguinity was noted in the family. Genetic analysis for PAI revealed a homozygous mutation in the STAR gene (c.562C>T, p.Arg188Cys) in both siblings. This mutation has been previously described in non-classic LCAH. This case illustrates that early onset, familial PAI is likely due to autosomal recessive genetic mutations in known genes causing PAI.

Learning points:

In childhood-onset PAI, a genetic cause is most likely, especially in families with consanguinity.

Adult patients with an etiologically unsolved PAI should be reviewed repeatedly and genetic work-up should be considered.

Knowing the exact genetic diagnosis in PAI is essential for genetic counselling and may allow disease-specific treatment.

Young men and women with NCLAH due to homozygous STAR Arg188Cys mutation should be investigated for their gonadal function as hypogonadism and infertility might occur during puberty or in early adulthood.
Comparison of the Relative Potential for Epigenetic and Genetic Variation To Contribute to Trait Stability
Authors: Aller Emma S T , Jagd Lea M , Kliebenstein Daniel J , Burow Meike 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe theoretical ability of epigenetic variation to influence the heritable variation of complex traits is gaining traction in the study of adaptation. This theory posits that epigenetic marks can control adaptive phenotypes but the relative potential of epigenetic variation in comparison to genetic variation in these traits is not presently understood. To compare the potential of epigenetic and genetic variation in adaptive traits, we analyzed the influence of DNA methylation variation on the accumulation of chemical defense compounds glucosinolates from the order Brassicales. Several decades of work on glucosinolates has generated extensive knowledge about their synthesis, regulation, genetic variation and contribution to fitness establishing this pathway as a model pathway for complex adaptive traits. Using high-throughput phenotyping with a randomized block design of ddm1 derived Arabidopsis thaliana epigenetic Recombinant Inbred Lines, we measured the correlation between DNA methylation variation and mean glucosinolate variation and within line stochastic variation. Using this information, we identified epigenetic Quantitative Trait Loci that contained specific Differentially Methylated Regions associated with glucosinolate traits. This showed that variation in DNA methylation correlates both with levels and variance of glucosinolates and flowering time with trait-specific loci. By conducting a meta-analysis comparing the results to different genetically variable populations, we conclude that the influence of DNA methylation variation on these adaptive traits is much lower than the corresponding impact of standing genetic variation. As such, selective pressure on these traits should mainly affect standing genetic variation to lead to adaptation.
Assessing the Genetic Landscape of Animal Behavior
Authors: York Ryan A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent years have seen an increase in studies that associate genomic loci with behavioral variation both within and across animal species. Ryan York compiles and analyzes over 1,000 of these loci, finding that the genetic...Although most animal behaviors are associated with some form of heritable genetic variation, we do not yet understand how genes sculpt behavior across evolution, either directly or indirectly. To address this, I here compile a data set comprised of over 1000 genomic loci representing a spectrum of behavioral variation across animal taxa. Comparative analyses reveal that courtship and feeding behaviors are associated with genomic regions of significantly greater effect than other traits, on average threefold greater than other behaviors. Investigations of whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic data for 87 behavioral traits from the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel indicate that courtship and feeding behaviors have significantly greater genetic contributions and that, in general, behavioral traits overlap little in individual base pairs but increasingly interact at the levels of genes and traits. These results provide evidence that different types of behavior are associated with variable genetic bases and suggest that, across animal evolution, the genetic landscape of behavior is more rugged, yet predictable, than previously thought.
„Pleinair erfunden …” adalékok Csontváry plein air-tanulmányaihoz (1897–1903)
Authors: Kaszás Gábor 
Published: March 2018

There is still much to be explored about the exact circumstances of the creation of Csontváry’s pictures and the painter’s working method. Research has either approached the oeuvre from the life path wrought with mythical elements, or wished to embed it in the context of 19th century painting tradition. From these angles, however, the consistently built visual logic of Csontváry’s pictures, their details governed by the inherent laws of the genre of painting are often overlooked.
The most adequate method of exploring Csontváry’s creative practice appears to be a thorough examination of the relation between the inspiring sight and the picture painted of it. I based this study on Csontváry’s landscapes painted between 1897 and 1905, first of all those painted in Trogir, Castellammare and Taormina. In the knowledge of these localities it can be established that the painter accurately followed the topographic sight and the conditions of light. At the same time, the comparison of the location and the painting has also revealed that the painter had pairs of pictures in mind in his intention to capture a sight systematically. Taking up a vantage point mostly in northsouth and one in east-west orientation, he created “panorama pictures” built of several elements. His paintings are similar to the 360° panoramas in photography. But while a rotating camera can take an infinite number of photos, the painter assembled the picture from two “shots”.
Conspicuously, the pairs of pictures depict different times of day: instead of momentary impressions and moods, Csontváry captured the path of the transmission of light and thereby the passing of time, an interval of time in the pairs of pictures. In his later compositions he was to apply these different light conditions in a single picture, framing as it were the daily path of the planet on the horizon. This practice is related to one of Csontváry’s key technical terms, the “Sun Path”.
By capturing the changing of light in one picture Csontváry wished to “perfect” the 19th century plein air technique. His “Sun Path” painting derives from a specific view of nature and the world, which was in polar opposition to the positivism of naturalism and the sensualism of impressionism. Proof of it is the pairs of pictures. They summarize all Csontváry’s observations of time and space, and their translation into the practice of painting.
The views conveyed by Csontváry’s paintings were often borrowed from contemporaneous picture postcards. Not only greeting cards but e.g. the rich moving picture and photo material of the programs of the Urania Hungarian Scientific Theatre inspired him. He treated the pictorial themes as visual tropes or conventions, but in the creative process he only used their fixed, symbolic form such as a typical cutting. When a theme was actually to be realized, he thought it indispensable to be on the site in person, to make sketches and paint on the spot. He did so to make the contents he found important in the symbol visible by his painting.
A „falak is szenvednek” – épület(sorsok) és kutató(sorsok) 1945–1963
Authors: Bardoly István 
Published: March 2018

When the fighting was over in Budapest in 1945, the National Commission of Monuments (MOB) immediately began assessing the damage the historic monuments had suffered from military action and from the plunderingravaging population. The worst plight befell the stock of castles and mansions. The new situation also shed light on the contradictions and defects of the institution’s functioning. Many of the provisions of Act 39 of 1881 regulating the protection of historic monuments had become out-of-date. The local governments were unable to impose their will during the redistribution of land and the ensuing expropriation of property begun in March 1945 even in the few cases in which they were determined to protect the buildings.
After lengthy negotiations the representative of MOB was eventually co-opted by the Ministry of Agriculture’s committee in charge of nationalizing the castles and country houses and deciding on their new function, but this remained a purely administrative presence. Although a ministerial order of 1946 spelt out the responsibility of the owner or user in maintaining the monument, the spontaneous transformation of these buildings went on without the knowledge or guidance of institutionalized monument protection, and that resulted in the further deterioration of the already damaged buildings. Another problem was the lack of adequate information at MOB on the 19th century building stock; they only launched more thorough assessment of this area after 1922. Research literature elaborating this period began to appear as late as in 1936.
In late 1949 the tasks of MOB were taken over by the National Center of Museums and Monuments, also assuming professional control of museums. The small group of outstanding experts at monument protection fostered the best tradition of Hungarian monument management started in 1872, doing their utmost for the saving of the building stock. The appendix provides a selection of pertinent documents.
Binder János Fülöp metszetei a máriaradnai kegyképről a budai Landerer-nyomda kiadványaiban (1762–1771)
Authors: Bánfi Szilvia 
Published: March 2018

The miraculous escape of the icon of Máriaradna representing Our Lady of the Carmel Mountain (originally a coloured woodcut sheet of Italian origin) had a longlasting effect on 18th century Hungarian popular religious literature. To our present knowledge the Landerer printing workshop issued it between 1756–1771/1773? in Latin, Hungarian and German languages, in altogether seven editions. The unknown author tells how the icon escaped and also the miraculous events effected by the icon. From 1762 on these editions were decorated with illustrations: an engraved frontispiece and a series of engraved images telling the history of the icon. Later beside the engraved series of images woodcut technique was also employed.
As a result of the systematic reconstruction of the typographical and decorative elements employed in the Landerer-press carried on by the author several new facts can be stated. First of all, the Landerer office employed three variants of the engraved frontispiece, of which the first was the one signed by Johann Philipp Binder in the 1762 Hungarian edition. The next was a variant, an after-cut of Binder’s, while the third is an image of quite different concept as compared to the previous two ones, although all the three represent Our Lady of Radna, with the child Jesus, and the church of Máriaradna, the place of worship. The two later ones were used from 1771 and were the products of the copper-plate engraving workshop in Buda founded by Binder. The practice of the workshop was to sign their works only shortly as „Binder”. The series of engraved illustrations telling the history of the shrine was also used from 1762 on, but some time between 1771 and 1773 the pictures were copied to woodcuts, probably also in the Binder workshop. Although the paper highlights on the 18th century Buda editions of the miracle book and its illustration, mention is also made on the survival and after-life of illustrations related to the Máriaradna icon.
La experiencia en la estética trascendental de Kant
Authors: Torres Adriana Rocio 
Published: March 2018

La Crítica de la razón pura, tiene un propósito que es anunciado desde el comienzo, este propósito es la fundamentación de la metafísica como ciencia. En esta búsqueda aparece uno de los elementos que le van a servir a Kant para mostrar la posibilidad o la imposibilidad de este propósito, este elemento es la experiencia, punto central en la reflexión filosófica de la modernidad. El autor de la Crítica establece una nueva significación de la experiencia cuando expresa, que aunque todo conocimiento comience con ésta no todo procede de ella. Por un lado, la experiencia será un criterio para mostrar la objetividad del conocimiento y, por otro, se establecerán las condiciones puras de las que ésta depende, para que no quede reducida a lo contingente y a lo relativo. Es así como Kant propone la revolución copernicana, desde la necesidad de trasformar el método de la metafísica como lo han hecho conocimientos tales como, la matemática y la física y así encontrar el camino seguro de la ciencia. En esa búsqueda de un nuevo método para la metafísica aparece una de las primeras consideraciones acerca de la experiencia, que le servirán de punto de arranque para desarrollar sus demás consideraciones acerca de ésta.
Cárcel, poder y fragmentación en Saint Michel, de Gabriela Aguilera
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Nana 
Published: March 2018

Presenta un estudio acerca de la obra Saint Michel novela fragmentada de la escritora chilena Gabriela Aguilera, que narra de manera fragmentada la cotidianidad de un grupo de homosexuales convictos en una cárcel. Se identifican las formas del poder relacionado con los dispositivos de control que circulan en las cárceles ylas relaciones de poder que se ejercen, a través de las teorías de Michel Foucault relacionadas con el concepto de poder, sus estrategias, y la presencia de la resistencia como un componente esencial.
Parí­¢metros populacionais e distribuição de Arenaeus cribrarius (Crustacea, Portunoidea), no litoral sudeste brasileiro
Authors: SILVA Thiago Elias da , ANDRADE Luciana Segura de , FRANSOZO Vivian , FREIRE Fúlvio Aurélio de Moraes , FRANSOZO Adilson 
Published: March 2018

Para testar a hipótese de ocupação diferencial de profundidade pelos grupos demográficos de A. cribrarius, a distribuição espaço-temporal, estrutura populacional e razão sexual foram estudadas, levando em consideração os fatores ambientais. Os animais foram coletados mensalmente durante um ano em Ubatuba, litoral sudeste brasileiro, em nove profundidades diferentes. Não houve desvio do padrão 1:1 para a razão sexual. Tampouco diferença significativa no tamanho entre os sexos. A atividade reprodutiva foi contí­­nua, porém mais intensa no verão. Foi possí­­vel verificar que há ocupação diferencial do espaço pelos grupos demográficos de A. cribrarius. Juvenis ocuparam regiões mais rasas, que fornecem proteção contra a predação. Machos adultos foram mais frequentes em regiões próximas aos juvenis, o que, provavelmente, aumenta as chances de encontrar fêmeas primí­­paras. Finalmente, fêmeas adultas estiveram mais associadas í­Â s regiões mais profundas, onde a dispersão larval é facilitada pela influência do movimento das massas de água.