bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip differ according to gender? A look from another perspective
Authors: Onay Tolga , Gumustas Seyit A , Cagirmaz Talat , Aydemir Ahmet N , Orak Mehmet M 
Published: August 2018

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine if there were gender differences in risk factors in 4415 infants who were evaluated through a physical examination and hip ultrasonography (USG).MethodsPhysical examination of the hip and hip USG were performed on 4415 infants by the same paediatric orthopaedics specialist. Barlow and Ortolani tests were performed together with the evaluation for the limitation of abduction. Ultrasonographic hip examination was performed according to the Graf technique. The birth records of all the infants were examined, and anamneses (genetic disease, maternal age, delivery type, swaddling, multiple pregnancies, duration of gestation period, gravida, birthweight, breech presentation, oligohydramnios and family history) were obtained from the families. Any accompanying musculoskeletal (torticollis, pes equinovarus, congenital knee dislocation) abnormality was recorded.ResultsPathological hip was determined in 149 (3.37%) of 4415 infants. In males, gestational week, family history, breech presentation, swaddling, congenital knee dislocation and limited abduction were observed to be significant for the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In females, significant factors for the presence of DDH were determined to include birthweight, gestational week, breech presentation, multiple pregnancy, accompanying oligohydramnios, torticollis, pes equinovarus and limited abduction.ConclusionRisk factors for DDH can differ according to gender.
Rapid evolution and the genomic consequences of selection against interspecific mating
Authors: Burford Reiskind Martha O. , Labadie Paul , Bargielowski Irka , Lounibos L. Philip , Reiskind Michael H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile few species introduced into a new environment become invasive, those that do provide critical information on ecological mechanisms that determine invasions success and the evolutionary responses that follow invasion. Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) was introduced into the naturalized range of Aedes aegypti (the yellow fever mosquito) in the United States in the mid‐1980s, resulting in the displacement of A. aegypti in much of the south‐eastern United States. The rapid displacement was likely due to the superior competitive ability of A. albopictus as larvae and asymmetric mating interference competition, in which male A. albopictus mate with and sterilize A. aegypti females, a process called “satyrization.” The goal of this study was to examine the genomic responses of a resident species to an invasive species in which the mechanism of character displacement is understood. We used double‐digest restriction enzyme DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to analyse outlier loci between selected and control lines of laboratory‐reared A. aegypti females from two populations (Tucson, AZ and Key West, Florida, USA), and individual females classified as either “resisted” or “mated with” A. albopictus males via mating trials of wild‐derived females from four populations in Florida. We found significant outlier loci in comparing selected and control lines and between mated and nonmated A. aegypti females in the laboratory and wild‐derived populations, respectively. We found overlap in specific outlier loci between different source populations that support consistent genomic signatures of selection within A. aegypti. Our results point to regions of the A. aegypti genome and potential candidate genes that may be involved in mating behaviour, and specifically in avoiding interspecific mating choices.
The molecular basis for the intramolecular migration (NIH shift) of the carboxyl group during para‐hydroxybenzoate catabolism
Authors: Zhao Huan , Xu Ying , Lin Shuangjun , Spain Jim C. , Zhou Ning‐Yi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe NIH shift is a chemical rearrangement in which a substituent on an aromatic ring undergoes an intramolecular migration, primarily during an enzymatic hydroxylation reaction. The molecular mechanism for the NIH shift of a carboxyl group has remained a mystery for 40 years. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of the reaction in the conversion of para‐hydroxybenzoate (PHB) to gentisate (GA, 2, 5‐dihydroxybenzoate). Three genes (phgABC) from the PHB utilizer Brevibacillus laterosporus PHB‐7a encode enzymes (p‐hydroxybenzoyl‐CoA ligase, p‐hydroxybenzoyl‐CoA hydroxylase and gentisyl‐CoA thioesterase, respectively) catalyzing the conversion of PHB to GA via a route involving CoA thioester formation, hydroxylation concomitant with a 1, 2‐shift of the acetyl CoA moiety and thioester hydrolysis. The shift of the carboxyl group was established rigorously by stable isotopic experiments with heterologously expressed phgABC, converting 2, 3, 5, 6‐tetradeutero‐PHB and [carboxyl‐13C]‐PHB to 3, 4, 6‐trideutero‐GA and [carboxyl‐13C]‐GA respectively. This is distinct from the NIH shifts of hydrogen and aceto substituents, where a single oxygenase catalyzes the reaction without the involvement of a thioester. The discovery of this three‐step strategy for carboxyl group migration reveals a novel role of the CoA thioester in biochemistry and also illustrates the diversity and complexity of microbial catabolism in the carbon cycle.
Communication with patients in intensive care units: a scoping review
Authors: Karlsen Marte‐Marie Wallander , Ølnes Mia Alexandra , Heyn Lena Güntenberg 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients in intensive care units are generally more conscious and alert when they are on mechanical ventilation than in previous years because of the many potential benefits of being under less sedation. The endotracheal tube blocks the vocal cords when patients are on ventilation, thus making it impossible to speak. Many patients report that they struggle to make themselves understood.AimThe aim of this study was to assess previous knowledge about interaction and communication between health care personnel and conscious and alert patients under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units.Design and methodsA literature review was performed following the steps of a scoping review. Studies published between 1998 and 2017 were identified in several databases: Cinahl, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus. The first search returned 7386 unique references. The inclusion criteria consisted of empirical studies or studies related to interactions between health care personnel and patients over 18 years of age on mechanical ventilation. The relevant studies were summarized in a standardized data‐charting sheet.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were met by 46 articles; 16 were qualitative studies, 17 were quantitative, 6 were mixed‐methods studies, and 7 were pilot or feasibility studies. Of the studies, 37 were from nurses, 4 from physicians, 4 from speech language pathologists and 1 from psychologists. The most common topics investigated in the studies were ‘experiences with communication on mechanical ventilation’ and ‘communication exchanges’.ConclusionsA variety of communication aids that appear to have some effect on patients should be made available in intensive care units. More multidisciplinary approaches in future studies could enhance the knowledge in the field.Relevance to clinical practiceThe education of intensive care unit personnel in the use of such aids should be a prioritized field, as should be the implementation of a variety of communication aids.
Oxidative stress in asthma: Part of the puzzle
Authors: Sahiner Umit M. , Birben Esra , Erzurum Serpil , Sackesen Cansin , Kalayci Ömer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms favoring oxidants is called oxidative stress and is implicated in asthmatic inflammation and severity. Major reactive oxygen species that are formed endogenously include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hypohalite radical; and the major antioxidants that fight against the endogenous and environmental oxidants are superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. Despite the well‐known presence of oxidative stress in asthma, studies that target oxidative burden using a variety of nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental approaches have generally been disappointing. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance in asthma. In addition, we focus on possible biomarkers of oxidative stress in asthma and on current and future treatment strategies using the modulation of oxidative stress to treat asthma patients.
Development of a Person‐Centered Family Planning Scale in India and Kenya
Authors: Sudhinaraset May , Afulani Patience A. , Diamond‐Smith Nadia , Golub Ginger , Srivastava Aradhana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite recognition that person‐centered care is a critical component to providing high quality family planning services, there lacks consensus on how to operationalize and measure it. This paper describes the development and validation of a person‐centered family planning (PCFP) scale in India and Kenya. Cross‐sectional data were collected from 522 women in Kenya and 225 women in India who visited a health facility providing family planning services. Psychometric analyses, including exploratory factor analysis, were employed to assess the validity and reliability of the PCFP scale. Separate scales were developed for India and Kenya due to context‐specific items. We assessed criterion validity by examining the association between PCFP and global measures of quality and satisfaction with family planning care. The analysis resulted in a multidimensional PCFP scale, including 20 items in Kenya and 22 items in India. Through iterative factor analysis, two subscales were identified for both countries: “autonomy, respectful care, and communication” and “health facility environment.” This scale may be used to evaluate quality improvement interventions and experiences of women globally to support women in achieving their reproductive health goals.
El derecho humano al agua potable en Colombia: Decisiones del Estado y de los particulares
Authors: Echeverría Molina Judith , Anaya Morales Shirley 
Published: August 2018

Este artículo presenta reflexiones alrededor de las discusiones que se suscitan desde el pronunciamiento de la ONU A/64/L.63/Rev.1, resolución del 26 de julio de 2010, que declara el agua potable y el saneamiento como un derecho humano esencial, lo cual genera para los Estados obligaciones exigibles por parte de los particulares.
A partir de lo anterior, surge para los Estados miembro de las Naciones Unidas, entre ellos Colombia, la tarea de garantizar el servicio de acueducto con calidad y cobertura al 100 % a todos sus habitantes pero, a la vez, el Gobierno enfrenta el reto de conservar las fuentes de agua, que son el insumo para garantizar los derechos que la ONU ha considerado exigibles para todo ser humano.
Es por ello que se plantean en este artículo los interrogantes e inquietudes en torno a las tareas que deben emprender el Estado colombiano y los particulares para el cumplimiento de las directivas de la ONU, sin detrimento de las fuentes de agua y la sostenibilidad del medio ambiente.
Sex differences in the mechanisms mediating blunted cutaneous microvascular function in young black men and women
Authors: Patik Jordan C. , Curtis Bryon M. , Nasirian Aida , Vranish Jennifer R. , Fadel Paul J. , Brothers R. Matthew 
Published: August 2018

The black population exhibits attenuated vasodilatory function across their lifespan, yet little is known regarding the mechanisms of this impairment. Recent evidence suggests a potential role for oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and/or xanthine oxidase (XO) contribute to blunted nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous microvascular function in young black adults. In 30 white and black subjects (8 men and 7 women in each group), local heating was performed while NOX and XO were inhibited by apocynin and allopurinol, respectively, via intradermal microdialysis. The plateau in cutaneous vascular conductance (red blood cell flux/mean arterial pressure) during 39°C local heating at each site was compared with a control site perfused with lactated Ringer solution. Subsequent inhibition of NO synthase via Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester allowed for quantification of the NO contribution to vasodilation during heating. Black individuals, relative to white individuals, had a blunted cutaneous vascular conductance plateau at the control site (45 ± 9 vs. 68 ± 13%max, P < 0.001) that was increased by both apocynin (61 ± 15%max, P < 0.001) and allopurinol (58 ± 17%max, P = 0.005). Black men and black women had similar responses to heating at the control site ( P = 0.99), yet apocynin and allopurinol increased this response only in black men (both P < 0.001 vs. control). The NO contribution was also increased via apocynin and allopurinol exclusively in black men. These findings suggest that cutaneous microvascular function is reduced because of NOX and XO activity in black men but not black women, identifying a novel sex difference in the mechanisms that contribute to blunted vascular responses in the black population. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that cutaneous microvascular responses to local heating are consistently reduced in otherwise healthy young black men and women relative to their white counterparts. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase via apocynin and allopurinol, respectively, augments microvascular function in black men but not black women. These data reveal clear sex differences in the mechanisms underlying the racial disparity in cutaneous microvascular function.
Altered arterial baroreflex-muscle metaboreflex interaction in heart failure
Authors: Kaur Jasdeep , Krishnan Abhinav C. , Senador Danielle , Alvarez Alberto , Hanna Hanna W. , O’Leary Donal S. 
Published: August 2018

Two powerful reflexes controlling cardiovascular function during exercise are the muscle metaboreflex and arterial baroreflex. In heart failure (HF), the strength and mechanisms of these reflexes are altered. Muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) in normal subjects increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) primarily via increases in cardiac output (CO), whereas in HF the mechanism shifts to peripheral vasoconstriction. Baroreceptor unloading increases MAP via peripheral vasoconstriction, and this pressor response is blunted in HF. Baroreceptor unloading during MMA in normal animals elicits an enormous pressor response via combined increases in CO and peripheral vasoconstriction. The mode of interaction between these reflexes is intimately dependent on the parameter (e.g., MAP and CO) being investigated. The interaction between the two reflexes when activated simultaneously during dynamic exercise in HF is unknown. We activated the muscle metaboreflex in chronically instrumented dogs during mild exercise (via graded reductions in hindlimb blood flow) followed by baroreceptor unloading [via bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO)] before and after induction of HF. We hypothesized that BCO during MMA in HF would cause a smaller increase in MAP and a larger vasoconstriction of ischemic hindlimb vasculature, which would attenuate the restoration of blood flow to ischemic muscle observed in normal dogs. We observed that BCO during MMA in HF increases MAP by substantial vasoconstriction of all vascular beds, including ischemic active muscle, and that all cardiovascular responses, except ventricular function, exhibit occlusive interaction. We conclude that vasoconstriction of ischemic active skeletal muscle in response to baroreceptor unloading during MMA attenuates restoration of hindlimb blood flow. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that baroreceptor unloading during the muscle metaboreflex in heart failure results in occlusive interaction (except for ventricular function) with significant vasoconstriction of all vascular beds. In addition, restoration of blood flow to ischemic active muscle, via preferentially larger vasoconstriction of nonischemic beds, is significantly attenuated in heart failure.
Infarct size-limiting effect of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog EET-B is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α via downregulation of prolyl hydroxylase 3
Authors: Neckář Jan , Hsu Anna , Hye Khan Md. Abdul , Gross Garrett J. , Nithipatikom Kasem , Cyprová Michaela , Benák Daniel , Hlaváčková Markéta , Sotáková-Kašparová Dita , Falck John R. , Sedmera David , Kolář František , Imig John D. 
Published: August 2018

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) decrease cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the mechanism of their protective effect remains elusive. Here, we investigated the cardioprotective action of a novel EET analog, EET-B, in reperfusion and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in such action of EET-B. Adult male rats were subjected to 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Administration of 14,15-EET (2.5 mg/kg) or EET-B (2.5 mg/kg) 5 min before reperfusion reduced infarct size expressed as a percentage of the area at risk from 64.3 ± 1.3% in control to 42.6 ± 1.9% and 46.0 ± 1.6%, respectively, and their coadministration did not provide any stronger effect. The 14,15-EET antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5( Z)-enoic acid (2.5 mg/kg) inhibited the infarct size-limiting effect of EET-B (62.5 ± 1.1%). Similarly, the HIF-1α inhibitors 2-methoxyestradiol (2.5 mg/kg) and acriflavine (2 mg/kg) completely abolished the cardioprotective effect of EET-B. In a separate set of experiments, the immunoreactivity of HIF-1α and its degrading enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 3 (PHD3) were analyzed in the ischemic areas and nonischemic septa. At the end of ischemia, the HIF-1α immunogenic signal markedly increased in the ischemic area compared with the septum (10.31 ± 0.78% vs. 0.34 ± 0.08%). After 20 min and 2 h of reperfusion, HIF-1α immunoreactivity decreased to 2.40 ± 0.48% and 1.85 ± 0.43%, respectively, in the controls. EET-B blunted the decrease of HIF-1α immunoreactivity (7.80 ± 0.69% and 6.44 ± 1.37%, respectively) and significantly reduced PHD3 immunogenic signal in ischemic tissue after reperfusion. In conclusion, EET-B provides an infarct size-limiting effect at reperfusion that is mediated by HIF-1α and downregulation of its degrading enzyme PHD3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study shows that EET-B is an effective agonistic 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analog, and its administration before reperfusion markedly reduced myocardial infarction in rats. Most importantly, we demonstrate that increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels play a role in cardioprotection mediated by EET-B in reperfusion likely by mechanisms including downregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor -1α-degrading enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 3.
Endoglin Targeting in Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Becker Lisa M. , LeBleu Valerie S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
On endothelial cells, the TGFβ/BMP-9 coreceptor, endoglin, emerged as a promising antiangiogenic target in colorectal cancer. Its promiscuous expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) emerges to facilitate metastasis. The multitarget impact of neutralizing endoglin may offer added benefit in controlling colorectal cancer.
See related article by Paauwe et al., p. 6331
Ethnozoological Survey of Traditional Uses of Temminck’s Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in South Africa
Authors: Baiyewu Abimbola O. , Boakye Maxwell K. , Kotzé Antoinette , Dalton Desiré L. , Jansen Raymond 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pangolins are elusive and threatened mammals, considered the most widely traded mammals on Earth supplying local African and Asian traditional medicine markets. African pangolins are sourced as bushmeat and perceived to cure diverse ailments when body parts are used in traditional medicine practices. Currently, there is no documentation on cultural uses of Temminck’s ground pangolin throughout this mammal’s distribution range in South Africa. We interviewed 344 community members from seven indigenous tribal communities in four provinces overlapping with the distribution of Smutsia temminckii in South Africa; only 191 respondents (55.5%) had any knowledge of the species, its cultural and/or medicinal uses. Pangolin is highly sought after and held in high regard where this mammal’s body parts, particularly scales, blood and fat, are utilized traditionally for treating various physical ailments and spiritual remedies in rural South African communities. This utilization undoubtedly has a significant impact on the population of this threatened species.
The ‘Lost Caravan’ of Ma’den Ijafen Revisited: Re-appraising Its Cargo of Cowries, a Medieval Global Commodity
Authors: Christie A.C. , Haour A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe lost caravan of Ma’den Ijafen, Mauritania, with its cargo of cowries and brass, is widely discussed in African archaeology, providing significant insight into the nature of long-distance trade in the medieval period. While the brass bars recovered by Théodore Monod during his expedition to the site in 1962 have received considerable attention, the cowrie shells described in his comprehensive publication of the assemblage in 1969 have received much less coverage. This issue was addressed during a recent visit to the Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) in Dakar, Senegal in May 2017, when the authors re-examined the shells as part of a wider project which also involved archaeological and environmental surveys in the Maldives, the oft-assumed source of these shells. Examinations of natural history collections of cowries, ethnographic interviews in the Maldives, and environmental surveys in East Africa were also carried out. Drawing on insights from these surveys, we systematically compared the Ma’den Ijafen cowrie assemblage to three others from the Maldives, focussing on four criteria: species composition and diversity, shell size and evidence of modifications. This analysis enabled us to shed new light on the nature of the Ma’den Ijafen cowries and their wider significance to understanding the role of the shells in West African trade networks.