bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bangladesh HR professionals’ competencies
Authors: Prikshat Verma , Biswas Kumar , Nankervis Alan , Hoque Md. Rakibul 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the HR roles of Bangladesh HR professionals in the public and private firms in Bangladesh using Human Resource Competency Study (HRCS) model (2016). The impact of identified HR competencies on firm performance and moderation of this relationship concerning different stages of organisation life cycle (OLC) is also explored.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative study uses the HRCS model (RBL, 2015) as its underpinning analytical framework, and explores the impact of identified HR competencies on firm performance and analyses whether this relationship is moderated by different OLC stages. The sample for this study consisted of 202 HR professionals from both public and private organisations in Bangladesh.FindingsResults confirmed that all the nine competencies of HRCS model were demonstrated by the HR professionals in Bangladesh. The “credible activist” competency achieved the top ranking and “paradox navigator competency” recorded the lowest. Minor variation in terms of levels of competencies was observed in the context of private and public firms. HR competencies positively impacted the firm performance and only the maturity and growth stages of a firm’s life cycle moderated this relationship.Originality/valueThere is a deficit of studies which have tested this relationship in terms of the moderating effects of OLC stages in the Asian developing country context. Focusing on this paucity of research concerning the transference of western human resource management models in developing economies and their resultant impact on firm performance, this is the first study set out to explore whether the most cited western HRCS model (RBL, 2015) is useful in understanding HR competencies in Bangladesh.
Local development through rural entrepreneurship, from the Triple Helix perspective
Authors: Sá Elisabete , Casais Beatriz , Silva Joaquim 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
By using the Triple Helix model, the purpose of this paper is to uncover the perceptions of nascent entrepreneurs about a university–industry–government collaboration program, in particular about the role of each agent to foster rural entrepreneurship; the value and effect of this collaboration; and their own contributions to local development.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study method is adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and secondary data. The text is analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings
The interaction of the Triple Helix partners is perceived as valuable both at the personal and the business levels. One of the most salient results is the value ascribed to the knowledge-rich environment created. Entrepreneurs are aware of their contribution to local development, identifying economic, social and cultural effects.

Practical implications
The research strengthens the importance of the joint efforts of the Triple Helix partners by uncovering a number of outputs from their collaboration, which affect both the entrepreneurs and local development through entrepreneurship.

Originality/value
Previous studies assume that the Triple Helix fosters technological innovation that favors regional development, mainly by adopting a macro-level perspective. This study makes a contribution by furthering the knowledge on the micro-level dynamics of the Triple Helix, through the view of low tech, rural entrepreneurs, considering their context.
Rights of access to healthcare for undocumented migrants: understanding the Italian and British national health systems
Authors: da Costa Leite Borges Danielle , Guidi Caterina Francesca 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the levels of access to healthcare available to undocumented migrants in the Italian and British health systems through a comparative analysis of health policies for this population in these two national health systems.Design/methodology/approachIt builds on textual and legal analysis to explore the different meanings that the principle of universal access to healthcare might have according to literature and legal documents in the field, especially those from the human rights domain. Then, the concept of universal access, in theory, is contrasted with actual health policies in each of the selected countries to establish its meaning in practice and according to the social context. The analysis relies on policy papers, data on health expenditure, legal statutes and administrative regulations and is informed by one research question: What background conditions better explain more universal and comprehensive health systems for undocumented migrants?FindingsBy answering this research question the paper concludes that the Italian health system is more comprehensive than the British health system insofar it guarantees access free of charge to different levels of care, including primary, emergency, preventive and maternity care, while the rule in the British health system is the recovering of charges for the provision of services, with few exceptions. One possible legal explanation for the differences in access between Italy and UK is the fact that the right to health is not recognised as a fundamental constitutional right in the latter as it is in the former.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to ongoing debates on Universal Health Coverage and migration, and dialogues with recent discussions on social justice and welfare state typologies.
Overeducation and the gender pay gap in Italy
Authors: Castagnetti Carolina , Rosti Luisa , Töpfer Marina 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal role of overeducation in explaining the unexplained part of the gender pay gap (GPG), i.e. the component usually attributed to gender discrimination in the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a large Italian data set (ISFOL PLUS 2005–2014) to estimate the GPG among properly educated and overeducated workers. The model simultaneously accounts for both participation bias and endogeneity bias by applying an extension of the Heckman’s two-stage procedure.FindingsEstimates show that the GPG is significantly higher among overeducated than among properly educated workers because women’s unobservable characteristics driving female employment into overeducation also drag down female wages more than men’s unobservable characteristics drag down male wages. Correcting for the participation and overeducation decisions, the unexplained portion of the GPG disappears among overeducated workers, while it remains significant among properly educated individuals.Originality/valueThe authors draw the conclusion that overeducation is, first, a first-best matching for individuals (both men and women) compensating with more education for their lower productive characteristics. Second, it may be a signaling device for women spending their useless-for-the-job diploma to inform employers on their valuable though unobservable productive characteristics and fight gender wage discrimination. The results favor education as a tool of counteracting gender discrimination. Hence, as females are less overeducated than males despite their larger representation in higher education, there should not be concern that expanding higher education will disadvantage females.
Understanding preferences of German flower consumers: the desire for sustained beauty
Authors: Rombach Meike , Widmar Nicole , Byrd Elizabeth , Bitsch Vera 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide insights for flower retailers, horticultural practitioners and marketing managers into the prioritisation of cut flower attributes by German residents.

Design/methodology/approach
Applying a best–worst scaling approach, this analysis identified the relative ranking of importance amongst product attributes relevant to German consumers when buying fresh cut flowers. A latent class analysis determined four flower consumer segments for further study. The study builds on a sample of 978 consumers and is consistent with the most recent German census in terms of age, gender, income and federal state.

Findings
The best-worst analysis showed that intrinsic flower attributes, in particular appearance, freshness and scent were found to be more important to German consumers than the extrinsic attributes studied, namely, price, country of origin and a certification indicating fair trade. The latent class analysis determined four consumer segments that desire either budget, luxury or ethical flowers or more information about flowers. For all identified consumer segments, appearance was the attribute of greatest importance. The segments that desired luxury or ethical flowers, as well as the segment that desires more information were interested in appearance, but also had relatively large shares of preferences dedicated to flower freshness guarantees. The preference for freshness guarantees in addition to appearance may be interpreted jointly as a desire for not only beautiful and aesthetically pleasing flowers, but for sustained beauty.

Originality/value
Internationally, the study fills a research gap by exploring consumer’s relative preference for cut flower attributes. In contrast to existing studies on consumer preferences for flowers in Germany, the present study builds on a sample that was targeted in terms of age, gender, net household income and federal state to the most recent German census.
Charisma as an attribute of transformational leaders: what about credibility?
Authors: Williams Jr Ralph , Raffo Deana M. , Clark Leigh Anne 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model describing potential relationships among transformational leadership, charisma, credibility and organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual, based on a review of current transformational leadership, charisma and credibility literature.FindingsThe authors present a model where credibility is an antecedent of transformational leadership; transformational leadership has a positive effect on organizational performance; and charisma positively moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsA model to integrate credibility into transformational leadership research is proposed.Practical implicationsThis paper considers credibility as an important attribute of transformational leadership, and thus credibility may have significant implications for practitioners in leadership development strategies.Originality/valueCurrently, there is a lack of research on the role of credibility in leadership. The authors discuss the importance of measuring leader credibility and generating a credibility scale.
Mortality in bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of standardized mortality ratios
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Schwartz Naama , Cohen Arnon D. , Zelber‐Sagi Shira 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are inconsistent data on mortality rates in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP). Trends in mortality in BP throughout the years are yet to be established. The aim of the present study was to study the mortality in BP patients relative to the general population and to estimate trends in standardized mortality over the past 30 years. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies in Medline, Embase and Scopus (1823–2017). Reference lists of included studies were also searched for eligible studies. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models to estimate pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta‐regression models were used to investigate the secular trends in SMR. Ten studies were included covering the period 1960–2015 (1736 patients, 746 deaths). Pooled all‐cause SMR was 3.6 (95% CI, 2.6–5.0). There was no trend in all‐cause SMR across the last three decades (regression coefficient 0.02 [change in logSMR/year]; 95% CI, 0.04–0.08; P = 0.545). In conclusion, there is a 3.6‐fold increased mortality among patients with BP as compared with the age‐matched general population. The excess mortality in BP has not changed significantly over the past 30 years.
Co‐expression of LAG3 and TIM3 identifies a potent Treg population that suppresses macrophage functions in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Ma Qiang , Liu Junning , Wu Guoliang , Teng Mujian , Wang Shaoxuan , Cui Meng , Li Yuantao 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRegulatory T (Treg) cells are critical suppressors of inflammation and are thought to exert mainly deleterious effects in cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), Foxp3+ Treg accumulation in tumors was associated with poor prognosis. Hence, we examined the circulating Treg cells in CRC patients. Compared to controls, CRC patients presented mild upregulations in CD4+CD25+/hi T cells and in the more canonical CD4+CD25+/hiFoxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both of these Treg populations could be roughly divided into lymphocyte activation gene 3 negative T cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 negative (LAG3−TIM3−) and LAG3+TIM3+ subsets. In CRC patients, the LAG3+TIM3+ subset represented approximately half of CD4+CD25+/hi T cells and greater than 60% of CD4+CD25+/hiFoxp3+ Treg cells, which was significantly more frequent than in healthy controls. Compared to the LAG3−TIM3− CD4+CD25+/hi T cells, the LAG3+TIM3+ CD4+CD25+/hi T cells presented considerably higher transforming growth factor‐β and slightly higher interleukin (IL)‐10 secretion, together with higher cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein 4 and Foxp3 expression levels. Notably, macrophages following incubation with LAG3−TIM3− CD4+CD25+/hi T cells and LAG3+TIM3+ CD4+CD25+/hi T cells displayed different characteristics. Macrophages incubated with LAG3+TIM3+ CD4+CD25+/hi T cells presented lower expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD80, CD86, and tumor necrosis factor‐α but higher expression of IL‐10, than macrophages incubated with LAG3−TIM3− CD4+CD25+/hi T cells. Together, our investigations demonstrated that CRC patients presented an enrichment of circulating Treg cells, in which the LAG3+TIM3+ subset exhibited more potent expression of inhibitory molecules, and furthermore, the LAG3+TIM3+ Treg cells could suppress the proinflammatory activation of macrophages more potently than the LAG3−TIM3− Treg cells.
Phenolic Substances in Beer: Structural Diversity, Reactive Potential and Relevance for Brewing Process and Beer Quality
Authors: Wannenmacher Julia , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor the past 100 years, polyphenol research has played a central role in brewing science. The class of phenolic substances comprises simple compounds built of 1 phenolic group as well as monomeric and oligomeric flavonoid compounds. As potential anti‐ or prooxidants, flavor precursors, flavoring agents and as interaction partners with other beer constituents, they influence important beer quality characteristics: flavor, color, colloidal, and flavor stability. The reactive potential of polyphenols is defined by their basic chemical structure, hydroxylation and substitution patterns and degree of polymerization. The quantitative and qualitative profile of phenolic substances in beer is determined by raw material choice. During the malting and brewing process, phenolic compounds undergo changes as they are extracted or enzymatically released, are subjected to heat‐induced chemical reactions or are precipitated with or adsorbed to hot and cold trub, yeast cells and stabilization agents. This review presents the current state of knowledge of the composition of phenolic compounds in beer and brewing raw materials with a special focus on their fate from raw materials throughout the malting and brewing process to the final beer. Due to high‐performance analytical techniques, new insights have been gained on the structure and function of phenolic substance groups, which have hitherto received little attention. This paper presents important information and current studies on the potential of phenolics to interact with other beer constituents and thus influence quality parameters. The structural features which determine the reactive potential of phenolic substances are discussed.
Serving Duplicates in a Single Session Can Selectively Improve Sensitivity of Duplicated Intensity Ranking Tests
Authors: Carabante Kennet Mariano , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuplicating ranking tests can improve the power of preference and sensory intensity tests, and reduce the number of panelists required. With multiple‐samples rankings, duplications could be served using different protocols: in two serving sessions (two sample sets, that is, 2SS) to allow a break period or jointly in one serving session (one sample set, that is, 1SS). Evaluating the duplicates in a single session improves statistical data analysis but increases concerns of sensory fatigue, adaptation, memory, and possible irritation. The extent to which each serving protocol for duplicated ranking affects detection of differences has not been reported. This study used panelists (n = 75) who performed both ranking test protocols on two sets of orange juice samples (k = 3). One set was designed to obtain higher similarity than the other set to investigate the effects of degree of difference. Sweetness and yellow color intensity rankings were performed separately for each set to compare the protocols between attributes. The magnitude of the differences was evaluated using Mack–Skillings (M–S) statistics, and the total and individual rank sum differences at varied n (10 to 75) values. With similar set samples, the 2SS serving protocol improved differentiation for yellow color intensity. Although in sweetness, using the 1SS serving protocol showed higher M–S statistics and higher sum of total rank sum differences. Paired comparisons followed the same pattern. With very different samples, both protocols had comparable performance. This study showed that serving duplicates in the 1SS can improve duplicated ranking's power, depending on the task difficulty and attribute, and should be considered before splitting replications into two sessions.Practical ApplicationThis study evaluated two alternative and not previously studied protocols for conducting a duplicated ranking test. One protocol required that each panelist received duplicates in the same single serving session (1SS), against the alternative of serving duplicates separately in two sessions to allow a break period (2SS). Two attributes: yellow color intensity and sweetness intensity of orange juice samples were studied. This study showed that serving duplicates in the same single session can improve duplicated ranking's power, depending on the task difficulty and attribute, and should be considered before splitting replications into two sessions.
A Combination of Impulsivity Subdomains Predict Alcohol Intoxication Frequency
Authors: O'Halloran Laura , Pennie Brian , Jollans Lee , Kiiski Hanni , Vahey Nigel , Rai Laura , Bradley Louisa , Lalor Robert , Whelan Robert 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundImpulsivity, broadly characterized as the tendency to act prematurely without foresight, is linked to alcohol misuse in college students. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct and different subdomains likely underlie different patterns of alcohol misuse. Here, we quantified the association between alcohol intoxication frequency and alcohol consumption frequency and choice, action, cognitive, and trait domains of impulsivity.MethodsUniversity student drinkers (n = 106) completed a battery of demographic and alcohol‐related items, as well as self‐report and task‐based measures indexing different facets of impulsivity. Two orthogonal latent factors, intoxication frequency and alcohol consumption frequency, were generated. Their validity was demonstrated with respect to adverse consequences of alcohol use. Machine learning with penalized regression and feature selection was then utilized to predict intoxication and alcohol consumption frequency using all impulsivity subdomains. Out‐of‐sample validation was used to quantify model performance.ResultsImpulsivity measures alone were significant predictors of intoxication frequency, but not consumption frequency. Propensity for increased intoxication frequency was characterized by increased trait impulsivity, including the Disinhibition subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale, Attentional and Non‐planning subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, increased task‐based cognitive impulsivity (response time variability), and increased choice impulsivity (steeper delay discounting on a delay discounting questionnaire). A model combining impulsivity domains with other risk factors (gender; nicotine, cannabis, and other drug use; executive functioning; and learning processes) was also significant but did not outperform the model comprising of impulsivity alone.ConclusionsIntoxication frequency, but not consumption frequency, was characterized by a number of impulsivity subdomains.
A subset of walnut allergic adults is sensitized to walnut 11S globulin Jug r 4
Authors: Blankestijn M. A. , den Hartog Jager C. F. , Blom W. M. , Otten H. G. , de Jong G. A. H. , Gaspari M. , Houben G. F. , Knulst A. C. , Verhoeckx K. C. M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe role of sensitization to commercially available allergens of English walnut (Juglans regia) Jug r 1, 2 and 3 in walnut allergy has been previously investigated in walnut allergic adults and was unable to explain all cases of walnut allergy.ObjectivesIdentify recognized walnut allergens, other than the ones previously investigated (Jug r 1‐3), in walnut allergic adults and determine the sensitization frequency and diagnostic value.MethodsThree different in‐house walnut extracts were prepared and analysed on SDS‐PAGE blots to identify allergenic walnut proteins. Immunoblots and immunoprecipitation, followed by LC‐MS analysis, were performed to screen for, and confirm, IgE binding to walnut allergens in selected walnut allergic adults. In a cohort of 55 walnut challenged adults, including 33 allergic and 22 tolerant, sensitization to native and recombinant walnut allergen Jug r 4 was assessed using immunoblotting and immuno‐line blot (EUROLINE), respectively.ResultsScreening of sera of 8 walnut allergic adults identified Jug r 4 as an allergen in our population. In the total cohort of 55 subjects, 5 were positive for Jug r 4 on immunoblot and 10 on EUROLINE. All but one EUROLINE positive subject had a positive food challenge (sensitivity 27%, specificity 95%, PPV 90%, NPV 47%). All 5 subjects positive on immunoblot were also positive on EUROLINE. LC‐MS analysis showed a lack of Jug r 4 in the ImmunoCAP extract. Co‐sensitization to other 11S albumins (eg hazelnut Cor a 9) was common in Jug r 4 sensitized subjects, potentially due to cross‐reactivity.ConclusionsWalnut 11S globulin Jug r 4 is a relevant minor allergen, recognized by 27% of walnut allergic adults. It has a high positive predictive value of 90% for walnut allergy. Specific IgE against Jug r 4 occurred mostly with concomitant sensitization to other walnut components, mainly Jug r 1.