bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring exemplars in elementary teacher education
Authors: Dobrick Alison Asher , Fattal Laura 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Educators who teach for social justice connect what and how they teach in the classroom directly to humanity’s critical problems. Teacher education at the elementary level must center such themes of social justice in order to prepare today’s teachers to lead their students in developing an understanding of how to make the world a better place to live. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents three case studies of exemplary, pre-service teacher-created lessons that integrate the arts, social studies, and language arts around themes of social justice. Teacher-candidates envisioned, planned and taught effective, engaging, standards-based learning experiences that began with children’s literature and led to artistic expression.

Findings
Through lessons like these, teacher-candidates learned to meet arts, social studies, and literacy standards while building the skills and attitudes their students need as “citizens of the world.”

Research limitations/implications
Elementary teacher education programs can help teacher-candidates to prepare for the challenge of teaching for social justice by integrating the arts with core academic areas, including social studies.

Practical implications
This integrated model suitably serves our current, mathematics- and literacy-focused, assessment-saturated school system. Pre-service teachers learn to plan and teach integrated learning activities. They learn practical ways to infuse the arts in both their field experience and future classrooms.

Social implications
When the arts are central in education, students benefit in numerous important ways, developing critical and creative thinking skills, empathy, self-awareness, and the ability to collaborate with others productively. The arts, essential to humanity since the dawn of civilization, thus serve as a natural focal point for education for social justice.

Originality/value
The innovative methods involved in this study, in which subject areas throughout the elementary teacher education program are integrated in one meaningful, practical, applied lesson on social justice, represent a practical, original, and valuable way to enhance teacher education programs’ focus on social justice.
Cultivating the collective: exploring the American dream with sixth graders
Authors: Montgomery Sarah Elizabeth , Montgomery Zak K. , Vander Zanden Sarah , Jorgensen Ashley , Rudic Mirsa 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The concept of an American Dream was interrogated during a service-learning partnership between university students and a multilingual, racially diverse class of sixth graders. The one-on-one service-learning partnerships were at the heart of the semester-long project and sought horizontalidad, or non-authoritarian democratic communication and shared knowledge creation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This project leveraged the arts and humanities within the context of social studies education to promote youth civic engagement. This project used Photovoice methodology in which all participants took photos and wrote about their American Dream. Participants then shared their photography and writing at three public gallery events in the community in an effort to educate others about their perspectives, experiences, and hopes regarding the American Dream.

Findings
Findings from the reciprocally minded partnership centered on the sixth-grade students taking a collective approach to the American Dream. Specifically, they noted their commitment to their families and desire to support others, with some sixth graders even sharing a commitment to promoting social justice. Some participants demonstrated a “we consciousness,” or a collective approach to social justice.

Originality/value
The study provides insights into how educators can engage middle school students in democratic practice as active citizens in a service-learning partnership. Through a service-learning themed project about the American Dream, middle school students were able to share their voices and experiences with the larger community via a project rooted in horizontalidad.
“It’s not something we thought about”: teachers’ perception of historiography and narratives
Authors: Brown Sarah Drake , Hughes Richard L. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine three high school teachers’ beliefs about how their understanding of historiography influences their teaching.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors engaged in a qualitative multiple-case study based on semi-structured interviews and artifact analysis.

Findings
The analysis describes the teachers’ understanding of historiography in relation to ideas about historical perspective-taking, textbook use, the incorporation of primary sources in the classroom, and tensions between teaching content and teaching skills. The study concludes that while undergraduate exposure to historiography is potentially useful and can help history teachers manage the complexity of the profession, drawing upon historiographical understandings in order to recognize the construction of historical narratives in the classroom remains a persistent challenge.

Originality/value
Much of the work addressing the potential role of historiographical understanding for teachers has focused on teacher preparation and the ideas held by teaching candidates. This research emphasizes experienced teachers’ beliefs about the role that historiography plays in their teaching.
Zero‐Rating versus Cash Transfers under the VAT
Authors: van Oordt Marius 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo reduce the tax burden on the poor, nearly every VAT system allows for special treatment of certain goods or services. Zero‐rating the supply of certain foodstuffs is a prominent example of this practice. Using data on South Africa, this paper considers whether taxing foodstuffs alongside compensating cash transfers may be preferred to zero‐rating foodstuffs in a developing country context. The results show that cash transfers may be preferred if all the additional revenue from eliminating the zero rate can be earmarked and government is perfectly efficient. In the likely absence of earmarking and perfect efficiency, developing countries may need to apply special treatment to some foodstuffs to protect the poor. If this is the case, it is proposed that zero‐rating can be preferred to the exemption of certain foodstuffs.
Testing associations between cannabis use and subcortical volumes in two large population‐based samples
Authors: Gillespie Nathan A. , Neale Michael C. , Bates Timothy C. , Eyler Lisa T. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Vassileva Jasmin , Lyons Michael J. , Prom‐Wormley Elizabeth C. , McMahon Katie L. , Thompson Paul M. , de Zubicaray Greig , Hickie Ian B. , McGrath John J. , Strike Lachlan T. , Rentería Miguel E. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Martin Nicholas G. , Franz Carol E. , Kremen William S. , Wright Margaret J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsDisentangling the putative impact of cannabis on brain morphology from other comorbid substance use is critical. After controlling for the effects of nicotine, alcohol and multi‐substance use, this study aimed to determine whether frequent cannabis use is associated with significantly smaller subcortical grey matter volumes.DesignExploratory analyses using mixed linear models, one per region of interest (ROI), were performed whereby individual differences in volume (outcome) at seven subcortical ROIs were regressed onto cannabis and comorbid substance use (predictors).SettingTwo large population‐based twin samples from the United States and Australia.ParticipantsA total of 622 young Australian adults [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation SD) = 3.6] and 474 middle‐aged US males (μage = 56.1SD = 2.6) of predominately Anglo‐Saxon ancestry with complete substance use and imaging data. Subjects with a history of stroke or traumatic brain injury were excluded.MeasurementsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and volumetric segmentation methods were used to estimate volume in seven subcortical ROIs: thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Substance use measurements included maximum nicotine and alcohol use, total life‐time multi‐substance use, maximum cannabis use in the young adults and regular cannabis use in the middle‐aged males.FindingsAfter correcting for multiple testing (P = 0.007), cannabis use was unrelated to any subcortical ROI. However, maximum nicotine use was associated with significantly smaller thalamus volumes in middle‐aged males.ConclusionsIn exploratory analyses based on young adult and middle‐aged samples, normal variation in cannabis use is unrelated statistically to individual differences in brain morphology as measured by subcortical volume.
Virus‐neutralising antibody responses in horses following vaccination with Equivac® HeV: a field study
Authors: Tan RHH , Hodge A , Klein R , Edwards N , Huang JA , Middleton D , Watts SP 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the antibody responses to a commercial Hendra virus vaccine (Equivac® HeV) in a field environment.MethodsA group of 61 horses received a primary vaccination course comprising two doses administered 3–6 weeks apart (V1, V2) and a 3rd dose (V3) given 6 months after the second. This was followed by booster vaccinations at 12 monthly intervals (V4, V5). Antibody titres were assessed using a virus‐neutralisation test.ResultsNeutralising antibodies against HeV were not detected prior to vaccination. Antibodies were detected in 54/57 horses at 3 weeks after V1 and 51/51 had titres ≥ 32 at 8 weeks after V2. At 6 months after V2, antibody titres decreased in most (31/34) horses and were not detected in three horses. A rapid increase in antibody titres was recorded in 35/36 horses at 1 week following V3. By the first annual booster vaccination (V4), antibodies were still detectable in 29/29 horses, although titres had decreased; in 26/29 horses, titres remained ≥ 32. All horses showed an increase in antibody titres after V4. There was no statistically significant increase in mean antibody titre after V5, compared with after V4.ConclusionHorses administered Equivac® HeV, using a primary vaccination course followed by annual booster vaccinations, mounted an effective secondary immune response and acquired antibody responses that were consistent with protective immunity against HeV in the form of virus‐neutralising antibodies. No adverse events were observed after vaccine administration.
Older and wiser? Changes in unprofessional content on urologists’ social media after transition from residency to practice
Authors: Koo Kevin , Bowman Max S. , Ficko Zita , Gormley E. Ann 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize changes in the frequency and nature of unprofessional content on urologists’ Facebook accounts during the transition from residency to practice.MethodsFacebook was queried with the names of all 2015 US urology graduates 1 year after completion of residency. We identified unprofessional and potentially objectionable content on the public Facebook accounts using a rubric based on professionalism guidelines by the American Urological Association, the American Medical Association and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Comparisons of unprofessional content were made with data from this cohort collected at the completion of residency. To assess how professional identities were reflected on social media, we determined which urologists self‐identified as a urologist on Facebook and any changes in their unprofessional content.ResultsOf 281 urologists, 198 (70%) had publicly identifiable Facebook accounts. Of these, 85 (43%) contained any unprofessional or potentially objectionable content, including 35 (18%) with explicitly unprofessional content. Examples included images of and references to intoxication, explicit profanity, and offensive comments about patients. Of the 201 Facebook accounts that had been publicly identifiable at the completion of residency, most profiles (182, 91%) had remained public; of the 19 that were no longer public, about half had previously contained unprofessional content. Similarly, of the 80 urologists without public profiles 1 year previously, most (64, 80%) had remained unidentifiable on Facebook; of the 16 accounts that had since become publicly identifiable, half had unprofessional content. Among the urologists on Facebook overall, 11 (6%) had posted new unprofessional or potentially objectionable content since entering practice. Comparing this cohort in practice vs at the completion of residency, there were no significant differences in how many urologists had public Facebook accounts (70% vs 71%) or whose accounts had concerning content (43% vs 40%). The presence of unprofessional content at the completion of residency strongly predicted having unprofessional content later in practice. More urologists overall self‐identified as being a urologist on Facebook, and a larger proportion of these profiles also displayed unprofessional content (53% vs 47% 1 year previously).ConclusionMost urologists maintained public Facebook accounts after the transition to practice, and about half of these contained unprofessional or potentially objectionable content. Amidst their increasing self‐identification as urologists on social media, the majority of practising urologists had posted concerning content, which could have an impact on their professional identities and public perceptions of the specialty.
Using tweets to understand changes in the spatial crime distribution for hockey events in Vancouver
Authors: Ristea Alina , Andresen Martin A. , Leitner Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of social media data for the spatial analysis of crime patterns during social events has proven to be instructive. This study analyzes the geography of crime considering hockey game days, criminal behaviour, and Twitter activity. Specifically, we consider the relationship between geolocated crime‐related Twitter activity and crime. We analyze six property crime types that are aggregated to the dissemination area base unit in Vancouver, for two hockey seasons through a game and non‐game temporal resolution. Using the same method, geolocated Twitter messages and environmental variables are aggregated to dissemination areas. We employ spatial clustering, dictionary‐based mining for tweets, spatial autocorrelation, and global and local regression models (spatial lag and geographically weighted regression). Findings show an important influence of Twitter data for theft‐from‐vehicle and mischief, mostly on hockey game days. Relationships from the geographically weighted regression models indicate that tweets are a valuable independent variable that can be used in explaining and understanding crime patterns.
Investigation of maxillofacial morphology and oral characteristics with Turner syndrome and early mixed dentition
Authors: Ahiko Nozomi , Baba Yoshiyuki , Tsuji Michiko , Horikawa Reiko , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTurner syndrome is associated with an X chromosome abnormality in women and is characterized by infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. The aim of this study was to determine the maxillofacial morphology and oral characteristics of Japanese girls (mean age, 8.5 years) with Turner syndrome and early mixed dentition. Lateral cephalograms obtained at the first visit were used to analyze maxillofacial morphology. Oral characteristics were identified using orthopantomograms, intraoral photographs, and study casts. All patients received growth hormone. Lateral cephalograms showed a retrognathic maxilla and mandible and a small gonial angle. Nine patients had a high‐arched palate. Nine patients had class II first molar relationship occlusion and one had mesial step‐type occlusion. Three patients showed ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar accompanied by resorption of the maxillary second primary molar. Eruption of the permanent teeth tended to occur early. The median mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary central incisor was smaller than the Japanese norm. Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar may be caused by lack of eruption space and a discrepancy between bone growth and timing of tooth maturation.
The functional outcome of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence can be improved by using lead model 3889 and a standardized implantation technique
Authors: Duelund‐Jakobsen J. , Laurberg S. , Lundby L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimSacral nerve stimulation has been recognized as an effective treatment option for faecal incontinence when conservative therapy has failed. Refinement of the procedural technique and the use of a curved stylet may improve the functional outcome. Our aim was to explore the relationship between lead model, functional outcome, stimulation amplitude and the need for extra visits during the first year of follow‐up.MethodPatient data from May 2009 to February 2017, which were prospectively collected in a local database, were extracted and analysed for differences between lead model and improvement in incontinence scores, stimulation amplitude and the need for additional visits during the first year of follow‐up.ResultsA foramen lead model 3093(straight stylet) was used in 134 patients and lead model 3889(curved stylet) was used in 40 patients. There were no differences in baseline characteristics or incontinence scores. Comparing results between the two lead models we found that the improvement (delta value) in the Wexner score at 6 months’ follow‐up (P = 0.05) and the St Mark's score at 12 months’ follow‐up (P = 0.02) was greater in patients implanted with lead model 3889(curved stylet) compared with patients implanted with lead model 3093(straight stylet). Patients implanted with lead model 3889 (curved stylet) were less likely to have to alter the stimulation amplitude or pole configuration during the first year of follow‐up (P = 0.04). No difference was found for stimulation amplitude (P = 0.170) or the need for additional visits (P = 0.663).ConclusionLead model 3889 (curved stylet) improves functional results compared with lead model 3093 (straight stylet) during the first year of follow‐up. Lead model 3889 (curved stylet) reduces the need for reprogramming but has no influence on stimulation amplitude or the number of additional visits required.
Children imitate antisocial in‐group members
Authors: Wilks Matti , Kirby James , Nielsen Mark 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChildren demonstrate a pervasive in‐group bias, preferring their in‐group across a range of contexts that encompass measures of liking, imitation, and, in some cases, resource allocation. A growing number of studies have begun to explore whether antisocial in‐group behavior reduces the robustness of this bias. However, these studies have focused on transgression evaluations, with only two studies focusing on social learning and none explicitly on imitation. This, therefore, limits the extent to which children's responses to interaction between in‐group bias and antisocial behavior can be fully understood. The current research expands on the prevailing literature, utilizing imitation as a behavioral measure to explore the reactions of children aged 4–5 and 7–8 years in response to antisocial in‐group behavior. Consistent with previous literature, antisocial in‐group behavior reduced in‐group liking ratings. Surprisingly, however, children's behavioral imitation preferences were guided solely by group membership, disregarding prosocial or antisocial behavior. These results indicate that children's explicitly reported social preferences and imitative preferences may be motivated by two independent drives.
Culture of the human pilosebaceous unit, hair follicle and sebaceous gland
Authors: Philpott Michael P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTerence Kealey first pioneered the isolation and organ maintenance of human eccrine and sebaceous glands in the early to mid‐1980. This led to subsequent methods describing the isolation and culture of human hair follicles, the human pilosebaceous unit as well as the sebaceous duct. The importance of these models in the study of the biology of human skin glands and appendages has been demonstrated in numerous publications and their importance as models for animal replacement, refinement and reduction (3Rs) is increasingly important. In particular, in vitro (ex vivo) hair follicle culture has played a significant part in helping elucidate the role of signalling molecules in regulating hair growth and hair fibre formation and has been especially useful in understanding metabolic aspects of hair growth. However, obtaining sufficient numbers of hair follicles is becoming increasingly difficult as plastic surgery becomes less invasive and smaller skin samples provided. There is therefore an urgent requirement for the next generation of in vitro models using cell lines and tissue engineering, and this has led to the development of immortalised cell lines as well as attempts to model hair follicle embryogenesis in vitro and development of skin on a chip.
Rationale for treating hepatitis C virus infection in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ridruejo Ezequiel , Mendizabal Manuel , Silva Marcelo O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant recipients. Little information exists on treatment in patients with CKD stages 2 to 3, where CKD progression might be slowed by HCV treatment. These patients are not considered a high priority for HCV treatment in most international guidelines. Although some recently published guidelines propose universal treatment, others are still recommending it only in high priority groups. In this review, we evaluate current evidence of HCV infection impact on CKD progression, on cardiovascular and metabolic risk, and the benefits of HCV infection treatment to improve cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. We made special focus on the benefits of HCV infection treatment in patients with stages 2 to 3 CKD to avoid CKD progression.
The prevention of hepatitis C virus transmission to hemodialysis patients and staff members
Authors: Jadoul Michel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this review article, we cover 4 topics very relevant to those involved in the care of hemodialysis (HD) patients and in the management of a HD unit. We start with an overview of the progress made over the last 25 years to reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in HD. Next, we discuss the potential strategies to prevent the residual ongoing transmission of HCV to HD patients. Third, we discuss the actions to be taken if a seroconversion for HCV is nevertheless detected in a HD patient. Finally, we briefly discuss how best to protect HD staff members from occupationally acquired HCV infection.