bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material and Process Related Influences on the Particle Based Inductive Heating of High Density Polyethylene
Authors: Bayerl Thomas , Mitschang Peter 
Published: September 2018

Recently, a new inductive heating method to process fibre reinforced polymer composites was introduced. This method uses particulate susceptors which are affected by an electromagnetic field. The innovative heating method can be used to heat up bulk as well as sheet like materials because the generated thermal energy is distributed intrinsically in the component. Since the heating performance was observed to be closely related to the used susceptor material, other important factors influencing the heating and polymer melting were investigated in an experimental series. The study comprised materials-related parameters, such as filler fraction and particle size, as well as process-related ones, like induction current, coupling distance, and frequency. High density polyethylene (HDPE) doped with different susceptor materials, ferromagnetic as well as electrically conductive, was used for the heating experiments. The observed influence on the analyzed heating performance of some materials and process parameters could be derived from standard physical laws, in particular the dependence on coil current and the coupling distance. Other process parameters, like the susceptor size and the frequency, were identified to have a more complex relationship on the heating ability. Cast iron particles, which showed the best heating performance in the study, were able to melt the applied HDPE within 90 seconds at a filler fraction of only 5 to 10 wt.%. For future applications of this heating method, a theoretical approach was revealed to deliver a sufficient approximation of the inductive particulate heating in a finite element model.
Electrospun Ultrathin Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibre Assemblies Modified by Means of Polycarboxylic Acid / Sodium Hypophosphite
Authors: Schramm Christian , Rinderer Beate , Tessadri Richard 
Published: September 2018

A viscous solution consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (SHP) has been prepared and subjected to an electrospinning process in an attempt to produce BTCA-crosslinked ultrathin PVA fibre mats. At elevated temperatures the carboxyl groups of BTCA react with the hydroxyl groups of PVA via a five-membered cyclic anhydride thus forming ester linkages. The measurement of the fibre diameters of the electrospun fibres created at various high voltages (10, 15, and 20 kV) revealed that the diameters of the fibres were in the range of 0.98 - 1.20 μm. Single layer and double layer fibre assemblies were prepared and thermally treated at 180 °C. The as-prepared ultrathin PVA fibre assemblies were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the morphology of the fibres had been changed. Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and physical properties, such as water vapour absorption (WVA), water vapour transmission (WVT) and tensile strength were evaluated. The incorporation of BTCA resulted in an increase of WVA and a decrease of WVT. The tensile strengths of the cured PVA mats were remarkably decreased, when BTCA/SHP had been added.
Methodology to Analyze the Influence of Microcellular Injection Molding on Mechanical Properties with Samples Obtained Directly of An Industrial Component
Authors: Elduque Daniel , Clavería Isabel , Fernández Ángel , Javierre Carlos , Pina Carmelo , Santolaria Jorge 
Published: September 2018

Microcellular injection molding is a process that offers numerous benefits thanks to the internal structure generated, thus many applications are being arising in different fields, especially home appliance. In spite of it, when changing the manufacturing process of a component from conventional injection molding to microcellular injection molding, it is necessary to ensure the mechanical properties of the component. In this paper a study of the mechanical behavior of samples obtained directly from a manufactured component both by conventional injection molding and microcellular injection molding is carried out. This kind of samples take into account the process conditions under the final component is processed and the influence of these conditions on the mechanical properties. For this purpose special devices have been developed taking into account the characteristics of the component and the samples obtained. An X-ray 3D computed tomography is also carried out to validate the internal structure of the microcellular injection molded component. Tensile properties are reduced between 20–22% regarding flow direction when using microcellular injection molding. Impact properties are reduced up to 27%. However, flexural properties reduction for samples processed by microcellular injection is only 6.8%, so microcellular injection molding arises as a very suitable process for components working under this kind of load. Molding and impact tests are carried out by using specially developed devices.
Preparation of Core-Shell Composite Particles Containing a Dye Powder by a Droplet Coalescence Method
Authors: Taguchi Yoshinari , Isono Yu , Fuchigami Kiyomi , Kimura Isao , Tanaka Masato 
Published: September 2018

It was attempted to prepare core-shell composite particles containing a hydrophilic dye powder by a droplet coalescence method using liquid-liquid dispersion. Core particles composed of dye powder and oleic acid have been forced to coalesce with styrene monomer droplets, and then suspension polymerization has been performed to form the polystyrene shell. In the experiment, the number and diameter of styrene monomer droplets were mainly changed stepwise to promote coalescence between the core particles and the monomer droplets and to control the shell thickness. It was found that the core shell composite particles could be prepared by increasing the monomer droplet number at the constant impeller speed, because the coalescence frequency between the monomer droplets and the core particles increased with the monomer droplet number at the constant impeller speed. Moreover, the diameter and shell thickness of the core shell composite particles increased with the diameter of monomer droplets.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Occ Fiber-Hdpe Composite Containing Different Types of Coupling Agents
Authors: Damabi R. Mohebi , Rashno A. , Ahmadi S. 
Published: September 2018

In this study, the effects of adding different coupling agents, e.g. maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), silane (3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane) (silane 1189) and isocyanate (hexamethylenediisocyanate) (HDI) on mechanical and morphological properties of composite samples of high density polyethylene/old corrugated container fibres (HDPE/OCC) were studied. The amounts of OCC fibre and coupling agents used were 30% and 2% of dry composite weight, respectively. Mixing of materials was carried out by a two-screw counter extruder and samples were prepared by injection moulding. In order to compare the results of the use of mixture coupling agents, their effects were studied independently, as well. Mechanical properties of prepared composite samples containing coupling agents were measured and the results were compared with those of pure high density polyethylene and those of composite samples without coupling agent. The measured mechanical properties showed that maximum values of tensile and flexural strengths and tensile and flexural modulus could only be obtained in composites containing a mixture of silane1189 and MAPE coupling agents. It was also observed that the Izod impact strength values of composites with coupling agents increased significantly. SEM micrographs of failure surfaces of samples showed that the best homogeneity of composites and bonding between OCC fibres and polymer matrix were obtained for the sample containing 1 wt.% silane and 1 wt.% MAPE.
The Properties and a New Preparation of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Ming-Chien , Kao Bo-Jyue , Tsou Chi-Hui , Suen Maw-Cherng , Wu Chin-San , Tsou Chih-Yuan , Chu Chih-Kuei , Yao Wei-Hua , Wu Wen-Yan , Hong Wei-Sung , Lee Kueir-Rarn 
Published: September 2018

In this study, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/organic clay nanocomposites were prepared using melt intercalation to explore how the nanoclay affected their structures and mechanical and thermal properties. Montmorillonite (MMT) modified with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and maleic anhydride (MAH) was employed to improve the compatibility of the EPDM and MMT phases. The effects of the modified clay on the properties of the EPDM were compared with those of commercially available MMTs (Clay10A and Clay30B) synthesized using an alternative modifier. The nanoclay structures of the EPDM/clay nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their thermal and mechanical properties were examined a using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal tensile testing machine. MMT spacing can be increased with the addition of hydrochloric acid and maleic anhydride (MAH). The XRD results showed no diffraction peak for the EPDM and modified MMT (ClayMAH) composites, verifying that the MMT was exfoliated. The TGA results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature and the residual can be enhanced by increasing the ClayMAH content, the pyrolysis temperatures of EPDM/ClayMAH, EPDM/Clay10A, and EPDM/Clay30B are similar because of the barrier effect phenomenon. The mechanical properties can also be improved with additional ClayMAH content because the clay is dispersed in EPDM. A decline in the crosslinking density increases the slidability between polymers, which enhances the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. ClayMAH is more effective for improving the tensile property compared to Clay10A and Clay30B.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Tensile and Bending Behaviour of CFRP Cables
Authors: de Menezes Eduardo Antonio Wink , da Silva Laís Vasconcelos , Junior Carlos Alberto Cimini , Luz Felipe Ferreira , Amico Sandro Campos 
Published: September 2018

Due to their high fatigue life, specific strength and specific stiffness in comparison with steel, carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) cables have attracted the infrastructure industry interest in recent years, primarily for use as structural tendons. Particularly the oil and gas industry showed interest for application in offshore platform anchorage systems, because of their exceptional corrosion and creep/relaxation behaviour. In such applications, the cables need to be tensioned in service and to be bent around relatively small-diameter spools for transportation and maintenance. Therefore, their tensile and bending behaviour is a subject of great concern. The aim of this work was to perform a test program on 1 × 19 CFRP cables in two different situations: tensile loading and four-point bending loading. Finite element models were developed to simulate both conditions, including frictional contact between the cable wires. A simplified analytical model was also used to predict the cable behaviour in tension. Numerical predictions were compared to experimental data showing relatively good accuracy, unlike the verified analytical model. CFRP cables presented outstanding tensile behaviour, but bending over small radius spools could not reach the performance of steel wire ropes. Furthermore, simulation could only fairly predict bending below strains of μ1,000 μe for the external rods, beyond which the cable presented highly non-linear behaviour that could not be simulated by the numerical model.
The Effect of MBS Toughening for Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites under Environmental Ageing
Authors: Chen Chin-Hsing , Chiang Chin-Lung , Chen Wei-Jen , Shen Ming-Yuan 
Published: September 2018

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are a promising environmentally friendly material refers to composite that contain plant powders or fibers as reinforcement and plastic matrix. In this study, an epoxy resin and Methyl metharylate-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer (MBS) were used as a compatibilizer and toughener and were filled into recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) blends (PET/PA6) and filled with wood flour to prepare the WPCs. The mechanical properties of the WPCs, including the tensile, flexural, and impact properties, with different mixing ratio polymer blends of PET to PA6 (E60/A40, E50/A50, and E40/A60) were investigated under different environmental aging conditions. The experimental results showed that different environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, markedly changed the mechanical properties of the WPCs with different mixing ratio polymer blends. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the interface of the WPCs were identified by studying the fracture surfaces with field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 in feline Bowenoid in situ carcinomas
Authors: Demos Lauren E , Munday John S , Lange Christian E , Bennett Mark D 
Published: September 2018

Objectives Papillomaviruses (PVs) are ubiquitous host- and site-specific viruses. PV infections in cats are associated with oral papillomas, viral plaques, Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs), squamous cell carcinomas and sarcoids; this association is primarily based on PCR detection of PV DNA within said lesions. PV DNA is frequently detectable on normal feline skin; thus, it is possible that some of the implicated DNA is commensal rather than associated with lesion formation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to localize PV DNA within feline BISCs, to provide additional evidence that PV infection may influence the development of these neoplasms. Methods FISH probes targeting Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) DNA were used to localize FcaPV2 DNA within 42 BISCs from which FcaPV2 DNA had previously been amplified via PCR. Results Fifteen of 42 BISC lesions (35.7%) demonstrated intralesional FcaPV2 using FISH. Probe annealing was predominantly located within the nuclei of koilocytes found in the upper strata of the epidermis. Probes were typically scattered multifocally within the lesions; most commonly this was near the periphery of the BISCs. Conclusions and relevance These results confirm that a proportion of BISCs contain FcaPV2 DNA. These results further support a causative association between FcaPV2 and BISCs in cats.
Understanding the determinants of public trust in the health care system in China: an analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhao Dahai , Zhao Hongyu , Cleary Paul D 
Published: September 2018

Objectives Despite increasing research attention on public trust in health care systems, empirical evidence on this topic in the developing world is limited and inconclusive. This paper examines the level and determinants of public trust in the health care system in China. Methods We used data from a survey conducted with a sample of 5347 adults in all Chinese provincial areas between January and February 2016. Trust in the health care system was assessed with a question used by the 2011–2013 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) to assess public trust in the health care systems of 29 industrialized countries and regions (‘In general, how much confidence do you have in the health care system in your country?’). Results Only 28% of respondents reported that they had a great deal or complete trust in China’s health care system. Respondents who reported to have more trust in other people in society, more trust in the local government and who were more satisfied with their most recent health care system experience and their health insurance were significantly more likely to trust the country’s health care system. Furthermore, respondents who reported a higher level of happiness, better health status and positive attitudes towards social equity were more likely to trust the health care system in China. Conclusions Our findings suggest that low public trust in China’s health care system is a potential problem. Improving health care experiences may be the most practical and effective way of improving trust in the health care system in China.
Primary Outcome of Laparoscopic Colorectal Resections in a Northern Finnish Hospital: A Single Center Study
Authors: Huhta H. , Vuolio S. , Typpö I. , Rahko A. , Suokanerva K. , Rintala J. M. 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims: Over the past decades, laparoscopic colorectal surgery has become widely used for various indications. Large multicenter studies have demonstrated that laparoscopy has clear advantages over open surgery. Compared to open procedures, laparoscopy decreases perioperative blood loss, post-operative pain, and hospitalization time, but provides equivalent long-term oncological and surgical results. Most studies have been conducted in high-volume institutions with selected patients, which may have influenced the reported outcome of laparoscopy. Here, we investigated the primary outcome of all laparoscopic colorectal resections performed between 2005 and 2015 in a low-volume center. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included bowel resections performed between 2005 and 2015 in the Lapland Central Hospital. Data were retrieved from electronic patient registries, and all operations that began as a laparoscopy were included. Patient records were investigated to determine the primary surgical outcome and possible complications within the first 30 days after surgery. Results: During 2005–2015, 385 laparoscopic colorectal resections were performed. Indications included benign (n = 166 patients, 43.1%) and malignant lesions (n = 219 cases, 56.9%). The median patient age was 68 years, and 50.4% were male. The median American Society of Anesthesiologist score was III, and 48.5% of patients had an American Society of Anesthesiologist class of III or IV. The median hospital stay after surgery was 6 days (interquartile range: 3.8). The conversion rate to open surgery rate was 13%. The total surgical complication rate was 24.2%, and re-operation was required in 11.2% of patients. A total of 26 patients had anastomotic leakage, of which 16 required re-operations. The 30-day mortality was 0.8%. Conclusion: Our results showed that laparoscopic colorectal surgery in a peripheral hospital resulted in primary outcome rates within the range of those reported in previous multicenter trials. Therefore, the routine use of laparoscopic colorectal resections with high-quality outcome is feasible in small and peripheral surgical units.
A New Modification of Fan Flap for Large Lower Lip Defects
Authors: Demirdover C. , Vayvada H. , Ozturk F. A. , Yazgan H. S. , Karaca C. 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims: The reconstruction of the lower lip defects which may result from malignancy, trauma, and burn is necessary for mastication, oral competence, salivary retain, articulation, and aesthetic appearance of the face. While small (30% of the lower lip) and medium (30%–80% of the lower lip) size defects are reconstructed using primary repair and local flaps, reconstruction of the large defects including total and near-total of the lower lip is very challenging entity. We introduce a new modification of the fan flap named extended fan flap for reconstruction of the total and near-total lower lip defects. Material and Methods: The extended fan flap was used for 12 patients with defects involving more than 80% of the lower lip due to squamous cell carcinoma excision. Most of the patients were males (80.9%) with an average age of 66.8 years (range, 47–82 years). Results: No major complication is observed in the postoperative period. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. The sphincter function for normal mastication, eating, and salivary retain was reestablished. No microstomy was seen and insertion of artificial dentition was possible for patients. Conclusion: We believe that the unilateral extended fan flap is a reliable and safe option with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results for total and near-total (more than 80%) lower lip defects.
The Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Particle Size and Concentration on the Properties of Asphalt and Bitumen as An Additive
Authors: Maharaj Chris , Maharaj Rean , Maynard Julian 
Published: September 2018

Research is extremely limited on the combination of polymeric materials, such as discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with asphaltic materials indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago. This paper examines the effect of both concentration and particle size of added PET on the rheological properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB). The PET particle size ranges under study were >0.30 mm to 0.60 mm, >0.60 mm to 0.85 mm, and >0.85 mm to 1.18 mm. These particle sizes were added in concentrations by weight ranging from 2% to 8% PET for TPB and 2% to 4% PET for TLA. Incorporating the waste polymeric material PET in TLA and TPB influenced the physical properties of the resulting blends. For TLA-PET blends, the largest particle size range produced values of complex shear moduli that were higher than pure TLA. The smallest particle size range had the opposite effect. The optimal concentration for fatigue cracking and rutting resistance occurred at 2% PET with the largest particle size range. For TPB-PET blends, the peak value of complex shear modulus generally occurred at concentrations above pure TPB for all particle size ranges and temperatures tested. As the particle size range increased, these peak values occurred at lower concentrations of PET. The 2% concentration for the largest particle size range provided the best fatigue cracking resistance, whereas the particle size range >0.60 mm to 0.85 mm produced the best rutting resistance. This study demonstrated that incorporating waste PET as an additive in road paving mixtures could improve the overall quality of roads and also be a sustainable waste disposal option. Further research is recommended on the effect of PET particle size range and concentrations on TLA/TPB combinations commonly used in road paving applications along with accelerated weathering studies.