bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Parents to Create and Implement Social Stories™: Promoting Social Competence in Children Without Disabilities
Authors: Gullón‐Rivera Angel L. , Millar Robin , Flemmings Shelee‐Ann 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility and benefits of a parent training on using Social Stories™ (SS).BackgroundSS have been widely used as an effective approach to help children improve social understanding, particularly in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, efforts to train parents to use SS have been limited, particularly with children without ASD displaying behavioral challenges.MethodSS training and implementation were rooted in the guidelines established by the developer of SS, Carol Gray. A convenience sample of 19 children and their parents participated in the study, using a single‐case design (ABAB) with each family.ResultsThe results provide evidence that parents can be effectively coached on the creation and implementation of SS. The results indicated that using SS reduced disruptive behaviors and increased constructive social skills in 15 of the 19 cases tested (79%).ConclusionThe study provides support for the benefits of teaching parents SS to address specific challenging behaviors. Although more work needs to be done, these findings add to the discussion on the feasibility of SS with children without ASD.ImplicationsThe findings provide further support for a link between addressing perspective‐taking skills and behavioral regulations. Specifically, the study expands existing literature on the importance of using narrative to help children improve social understanding. Despite study limitations, the results indicate that the SS approach can be useful to parents and other caregivers for addressing immediate challenging behaviors with children who do not have ASD.
Pilot Study of Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA Toward the Sphenopalatine Ganglion for the Treatment of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Crespi Joan , Bratbak Daniel , Dodick David W. , Matharu Manjit , Jamtøy Kent Are , Tronvik Erling 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has previously been targeted in trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but its role in this condition has not been established.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety of injecting onabotulinumtoxinA (BTA) toward the SPG using the MultiGuide® in 10 patients with refractory classical TN, and collect preliminary efficacy data.MethodsTwenty‐five international units (IU) of BTA were injected toward the SPG in a prospective, open‐label study in 10 patients with refractory classical TN. All patients were recruited and treated on an out‐patient basis at St. Olav's University Hospital in Trondheim (Norway). Primary outcome: adverse events (AEs). Primary efficacy outcome: number of TN attacks at weeks 5‐8 after injection compared to baseline. A treatment responder was predefined as at least 50% reduction in the median number of attacks per day between baseline and weeks 5‐8. Other efficacy outcomes were intensity of attacks (numeric rating scale, 0 to 10) and functional level (1 to 4; 1 best and 4 worst) at weeks 5‐8 after injection compared to baseline. Percentage of the day with concomitant persistent pain was registered at baseline and at weeks 1‐4, 6, 8, and 12 after injection. Patient global impression of change (PGIC) was ascertained at month 3.ResultsFor the primary endpoint, we analyzed data for all 10 patients. For efficacy outcomes we analyzed data for 9 patients (1 patient violated protocol). We registered 13 AEs, none of which were serious. The median number of TN attacks during the 4‐week baseline and weeks 5‐8 after injection was 5.5 (range: 1.0‐51.5) and 5 (range: 0‐225.0), respectively (P = .401). Four patients were treatment responders. The median intensity of attacks at baseline and weeks 5‐8 after injection was 6 (range: 3.0‐8.5) and 3 (range: 0.0‐9.0) respectively (P = .024). The median functional level at baseline was 2 (range: 1.0‐3.3) and at month 2, 1 (range 1.0‐4.0; P = .750). Median percentage of the day with concomitant persistent pain was 75% (minimum 37.5%, maximum 100%) at baseline and 18.75% (minimum 0%, maximum 100%) at week 8 (P = .023).ConclusionsInjection of BTA toward the SPG using the MultiGuide® in patients with TN appears to be safe and well tolerated. This study was negative for the main efficacy endpoint (reduction in the number of attacks from baseline to weeks 5‐8). Further studies examining the role of the SPG in TN are necessary.
Models for the two‐dimensional rectangular single large placement problem with guillotine cuts and constrained pattern
Authors: Martin Mateus , Birgin Ernesto G. , Lobato Rafael D. , Morabito Reinaldo , Munari Pedro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we address the constrained two‐dimensional rectangular guillotine single large placement problem (2D_R_CG_SLOPP). This problem involves cutting a rectangular object to produce smaller rectangular items from orthogonal guillotine cuts. In addition, there is an upper limit on the number of copies that can be produced of each item type. To model this problem, we propose a new pseudopolynomial integer nonlinear programming (INLP) formulation and obtain an equivalent integer linear programming (ILP) formulation from it. Additionally, we developed a procedure to reduce the numbers of variables and constraints of the integer linear programming (ILP) formulation, without loss of optimality. From the ILP formulation, we derive two new pseudopolynomial models for particular cases of the 2D_R_CG_SLOPP, which consider only two‐staged or one‐group patterns. Finally, as a specific solution method for the 2D_R_CG_SLOPP, we apply Benders decomposition to the proposed ILP formulation and develop a branch‐and‐Benders‐cut algorithm. All proposed approaches are evaluated through computational experiments using benchmark instances and compared with other formulations available in the literature. The results show that the new formulations are appropriate in scenarios characterized by few item types that are large with respect to the object's dimensions.
Hand rearing a Linné’s two‐toed sloth Choloepus didactylus at ZSL London Zoo
Authors: Kelleher K.‐A. , Ferguson A. 
Published: July 2019

There is an increasing emphasis on the importance of ensuring the long‐term viability of taxa maintained in zoological collections. The captive population of Linné’s two‐toed sloth Choloepus didactylus is monitored and managed in European and American breeding programmes. However, although breeding success is increasing the population is still not sustainable. Hand rearing is one option in the ‘toolbox’ of measures that can be used to assist with achieving integrated conservation goals, despite being challenging and labour intensive. This paper describes the enforced, but successful, hand rearing of a two‐toed sloth from 26 days of age at ZSL London Zoo, UK. The feeding protocol, behaviour and development are reported, and growth‐rate data are presented. While presenting data for only one individual, the experience has provided practical information about hand‐rearing practice that may inform future interventions in the management of ex situ populations, and assist with rescue and rehabilitation efforts for this and related species in the field. This species is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List; however, these sloths are threatened by habitat loss. Two of the six extant species of sloths are assessed as threatened; Pygmy three‐toed sloth Bradypus pygmaeus (Critically Endangered) and the Maned three‐toed sloth Bradypus torquatus (Vulnerable).
Delirium After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Under General Anesthesia: Incidence, Predictors, and Relation to Long‐Term Survival
Authors: van der Wulp Kees , van Wely Marleen , van Heijningen Lars , van Bakel Bram , Schoon Yvonne , Verkroost Michel , Gehlmann Helmut , Van Garsse Leen , Vart Priya , Kievit Peter , Rikkert Marcel Olde , Morshuis Wim , van Royen Niels 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESProspectively collected data on postoperative delirium (POD) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are scarce. The aim of this study was to report the incidence and risk factors of delirium after TAVI under general anesthesia and to assess the association of POD with clinical outcome and short‐ and long‐term survival.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PARTICIPANTSA total of 703 subsequent patients undergoing TAVI under general anesthesia between 2008 and 2017.MEASUREMENTSDelirium was assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV), criteria. Outcomes were postprocedural clinical outcome and short‐ and long‐term survival (30 days and 5 years, respectively).RESULTSPOD was observed in 16.5% (116/703), was the strongest independent predictor of long‐term mortality (hazard ratio = 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36‐2.70), and was associated with impaired 30‐day and 5‐year survival (92.2% vs 96.8% [P = .025] and 40.0% vs 50.0% [P = .007], respectively). Stroke and new onset of atrial fibrillation were more often observed in delirious patients (6.9% vs 1.9% and 12.1% vs 5.1%, respectively). Strongest independent predictors of POD were prior delirium (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.52‐4.31) and aortic valve area less than 0.75 cm2 (OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.53‐3.74).CONCLUSIONOne in six patients experienced POD after TAVI under general anesthesia. POD was the strongest predictor of long‐term mortality and was associated with impaired short‐ and long‐term survival. Prior delirium and a more calcified aortic valve were the strongest independent predictors of POD. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2325–2330, 2019
Aspartame supplementation in starter accelerates small intestinal epithelial cell cycle and stimulates secretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 in pre‐weaned lambs
Authors: Sun Daming , Liu Lixiang , Mao Shengyong , Zhu Weiyun , Liu Junhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aspartame supplementation in starter diet accelerates small intestinal cell cycle by stimulating secretion and expression of glucagon‐like peptide −2 (GLP‐2) in pre‐weaned lambs using animal and cell culture experiments. In vivo, twelve 14‐day‐old lambs were selected and allocated randomly to two groups; one was treated with plain starter diet (Con, n = 6) and the other was treated with starter supplemented with 200 mg of aspartame/kg starter (APM, n = 6). Results showed that the lambs received APM treatment for 35 d had higher (p < .05) GLP‐2 concentration in the plasma and greater jejunum weight/live body weight (BW) and jejunal crypt depth. Furthermore, APM treatment significantly upregulated (p < .05) the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 in duodenum; and cyclin A2, cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) in jejunum; and cyclin A2, cyclin D1, CDK4 in ileum. Moreover, APM treatment increased (p < .05) the mRNA expression of glucagon (GCG), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) in the jejunum and ileum and mRNA expression of GLP‐2 receptor (GLP‐2R) in the jejunum. In vitro, when jejunal cells were treated with GLP‐2 for 2 hr, the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) OD, IGF‐1 concentration, and the mRNA expression of IGF‐1, cyclin D1 and CDK6 were increased (p < .05). Furthermore, IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) inhibitor decreased (p < .05) the mRNA expression of IGF‐1, cyclin A2, cyclin D1 and CDK6 in GLP‐2 treatment jejunal cells. These results suggest that aspartame supplementation in starter accelerates small intestinal cell cycle that may, in part, be related to stimulate secretion and expression of GLP‐2 in pre‐weaning lambs. Furthermore, GLP‐2 can indirectly promote the proliferation of jejunal cells mainly through the IGF‐1 pathway. These findings provide new insights into nutritional interventions that promote the development of small intestines in young ruminants.
Genome evolution and host‐microbiome shifts correspond with intraspecific niche divergence within harmful algal bloom‐forming Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Jackrel Sara L. , White Jeffrey D. , Evans Jacob T. , Buffin Kyle , Hayden Kristen , Sarnelle Orlando , Denef Vincent J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntraspecific niche divergence is an important driver of species range, population abundance and impacts on ecosystem functions. Genetic changes are the primary focus when studying intraspecific divergence; however, the role of ecological interactions, particularly host‐microbiome symbioses, is receiving increased attention. The relative importance of these evolutionary and ecological mechanisms has seen only limited evaluation. To address this question, we used Microcystis aeruginosa, the globally distributed cyanobacterium that dominates freshwater harmful algal blooms. These blooms have been increasing in occurrence and intensity worldwide, causing major economic and ecological damages. We evaluated 46 isolates of M. aeruginosa and their microbiomes, collected from 14 lakes in Michigan, USA, that vary over 20‐fold in phosphorus levels, the primary limiting nutrient in freshwater systems. Genomes of M. aeruginosa diverged along this phosphorus gradient in genomic architecture and protein functions. Fitness in low‐phosphorus lakes corresponded with additional shifts within M. aeruginosa including genome‐wide reductions in nitrogen use, an expansion of phosphorus assimilation genes and an alternative life history strategy of nonclonal colony formation. In addition to host shifts, despite culturing in common‐garden conditions, host‐microbiomes diverged along the gradient in taxonomy, but converged in function with evidence of metabolic interdependence between the host and its microbiome. Divergence corresponded with a physiological trade‐off between fitness in low‐phosphorus environments and growth rate in phosphorus‐rich conditions. Co‐occurrence of genotypes adapted to different nutrient environments in phosphorus‐rich lakes may have critical implications for understanding how M. aeruginosa blooms persist after initial nutrient depletion. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the intertwined effects of genome evolution, host life history strategy and ecological interactions between a host and its microbiome correspond with an intraspecific niche shift with important implications for whole ecosystem function.
Oil price, trade openness, current account balances and the official exchange rate in Nigeria
Authors: Longe Adedayo Emmanuel , Muhammad Shehu , Ajayi Patricia Iyore , Omitogun Olawunmi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince a larger percentage of government revenue are generated from crude oil trade, the fluctuations in the price of oil have always been influencing the budget financing in Nigeria. Also, investment decisions and trade cost are been influenced by the status of the oil price. The study investigates the relationship between oil price, trade openness, current account balances and official exchange rate in Nigeria using secondary data from 1980 through 2016. The non‐linear auto‐regressive distributed lag (NARDL) was used to analyse the short‐run and long‐run link between the variables. From the findings, it was established that in the short run and long run, trade openness negatively impacts on the official exchange rate of naira to dollar in Nigeria. The consumer price index positively and significantly influences exchange rate value in Nigeria in the short run and long run. Positive changes in oil price impacted negatively on official exchange rate in the short run, but in the long run had a positive impact. Negative changes in the price of oil have a positive insignificant and negative significant impact on official exchange rate in the short run and long run, respectively. The error correction result verified that the variables (trade openness, current account, oil price and consumer price index) correct 91 per cent deviations of exchange rate from short‐run equilibrium back to equilibrium in the long run. The study concludes that trade policy in Nigeria is not in favourable direction of official exchange rate in Nigeria. Also, positive changes in oil price and current account balances are strong determinants of the Nigerian official exchange rate of naira to dollar in the long run. Therefore, it is recommended that trade policies should be reviewed in Nigeria towards enhancing other sectors that would add more value to naira.
Intersectionality in Action: Gun Ownership and Women's Political Participation
Authors: Middlewood Alexandra , Joslyn Mark R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveWe hypothesize that gun ownership among women is an important determinant of political engagement.MethodsFirst, using 2013 Pew Research Center data, we examine different types of political participation concerning gun policy. Next, we examine data from a survey experiment embedded in a unique June 2017 national survey of nearly 900 gun owners. Finally, we analyze 2016 American National Election Studies data of behavioral and cognitive forms of political participation.ResultsGun‐owning women exhibit levels of political participation about gun policy and a greater willingness to engage in political discussions about gun control than nonowning women. We also find greater levels of political engagement among gun‐owning women on measures of participation not related to gun policy.ConclusionWe discuss the implications of our findings for research on political participation as well as for gun policy.
Individual and household exposures associated with cholera transmission in case–control studies: a systematic review
Authors: Phelps Matthew D. , Simonsen Lone , Jensen Peter K. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveUncertainty persists regarding cholera transmission routes. We conducted a structured review of case–control studies on cholera transmission and provide a qualitative summary of reported exposures in order to inform public health efforts and future cholera research.MethodsWe searched two electronic databases for published case–control studies that investigated risk factors for cholera and included any publications that did not match our exclusion criteria. From the included studies, we grouped exposures using two parameters, whether transmission domain was public or domestic, and also on the vehicle of transmission. We extracted data on study location, method of case and control inclusion, type of statistical analysis performed and which exposures were included. Additionally, two parallel subgroup analyses were performed. The first included the subgroup of all studies that used culture‐confirmed cholera cases, and the second included the subgroup of all studies employing a multivariate analysis. In the second analysis, we calculated the population attributable risk (PAR).ResultsOur search yielded 2347 peer‐reviewed publications, of which 65 did not match our exclusion criteria, comprising 69 individual studies. Water‐based exposures were investigated in 97% of these studies, of which 70% found a significant association with cholera infection. Food‐based exposures were investigated in 75% of studies, of which 63% found a significant association with risk of cholera infection. Close personal contact with cholera cases was investigated in 30% of studies, of which 52% found a significant association with risk of cholera infection. Hygiene‐related exposures were investigated in 51% of studies, of which 63% found a significant association with cholera transmission. Among studies that examined at least one exposure related to the domestic domain, 76% found a significant association with cholera infection vs. 71% of studies investigating at least one public domain exposure. The subgroup analyses produced similar results.ConclusionsDespite strong evidence for cholera transmission via foodborne‐, hygiene‐, waterborne‐ and close personal contact‐related pathways in both domestic and public domains, we found that non‐waterborne‐related factors are understudied. Future cholera case–control studies would benefit from investigating all transmission vehicles and transmission domains.
Optic nerve hypoplasia in miniature poodle dogs: A preliminary genetic and candidate gene association study
Authors: Becker Doreen , Niggel Jessica K. , Pearce‐Kelling Sue , Riis Ronald C. , Aguirre Gustavo D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a genetic and candidate gene association study with samples from phenotype‐ascertained dogs to identify putative disease‐associated gene/mutation for optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) in the miniature poodle.Animals studiedA total of 43 miniature poodles from the United States and Europe, nine affected bilaterally with ONH, were included in the study. Pedigree information was recorded.ProceduresA pedigree including all animals studied was assembled. Twenty‐one genes typically expressed in ganglion cells or that are associated with ocular malformations and have a critical function in eye and neural retina development were selected. Exons and exon‐intron boundaries of eight genes were sequenced in four ONH cases and four controls. Furthermore, cases and controls were genotyped with the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip to obtain genotypes for 13 additional candidate genes for haplotype association.ResultsThe assembled pedigree connected all ONH‐affected dogs to a possible common founder. Identified variants and haplotypes of the tested candidate genes did not segregate with the phenotype using Identity by Descent approach assuming autosomal recessive inheritance with variable but yet unknown penetrance.ConclusionsPedigree analysis did not reveal the inheritance pattern. There is no evidence of association of the evaluated candidate genes with ONH; therefore, the screened candidate genes can provisionally be ruled out as causally associated with the disease.
Regenerative cell therapy for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats with fresh and frozen human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived hepatic stem cells
Authors: Fourrier Angélique , Delbos Frédéric , Menoret Séverine , Collet Camille , Thi Thuy Linh Trinh , Myara Anne , Petit François , Tolosa Laia , Laplanche Sophie , Gómez‐Lechón María José , Labrune Philippe , Anegon Ignacio , Vallier Ludovic , Garnier Delphine , Nguyen Tuan Huy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPluripotent stem cells have been investigated as a renewable source of therapeutic hepatic cells, in order to overcome the lack of transplantable donor hepatocytes. Whereas different studies were able to correct hepatic defects in animal models, they focused on the most mature phenotype of hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells and needed freshly prepared cells, which limits clinical applications of HLCs. Here, we report the production of hepatic stem cells (pHSCs) from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in xeno‐free, feeder‐free, and chemically defined conditions using as extracellular matrix a recombinant laminin instead of Matrigel, an undefined animal‐derived matrix. Freshly prepared and frozen pHSCs were transplanted via splenic injection in Gunn rats, the animal model for Crigler‐Najjar syndrome. Following cell transplantation and daily immunosuppression treatment, bilirubinemia was significantly decreased (around 30% decrease, P < .05) and remained stable throughout the 6‐month study. The transplanted pHSCs underwent maturation in vivo to restore the deficient metabolic hepatic function (bilirubin glucuronidation by UGT1A1). In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time the differentiation of hiPSCs into pHSCs that (a) are produced using a differentiation protocol compatible with Good Manufacturing Practices, (b) can be frozen, and (c) are sufficient to demonstrate in vivo therapeutic efficacy to significantly lower hyperbilirubinemia in a model of inherited liver disease, despite their immature phenotype. Thus, our approach provides major advances toward future clinical applications and would facilitate cell therapy manufacturing from human pluripotent stem cells.