bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OnabotulinumtoxinA for Treatment of Forehead and Glabellar Lines: Subject-Reported Satisfaction and Impact From a Phase 3 Double-Blind Study
Authors: Ogilvie Patricia , Rivkin Alexander Z. , Dayan Steven , Yoelin Steven G. , Weichman Barry M. , Garcia Julie K. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Patient-reported outcomes are important measures of treatment benefit in facial aesthetic medicine.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate prespecified subject-reported satisfaction and impact outcomes with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of forehead lines (FHL) and glabellar lines (GL).

METHODS
The study randomized (3:1) 391 adults with moderate to severe FHL and GL to onabotulinumtoxinA (FHL, 20 U; GL, 20 U) or placebo in double-blind period 1 (days 0–180); subjects could receive up to 2 additional onabotulinumtoxinA treatments in open-label period 2. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the validated Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLSQ) and the 11-item Facial Line Outcomes (FLO-11) Questionnaire.

RESULTS
The proportion of subjects mostly or very satisfied with treatment was significantly greater with onabotulinumtoxinA than with placebo (90.3% vs 1.0%; p < .0001). Responder rates on FLSQ Impact Domain (73.9% vs 18.9%), FLO-11 Item 1 (85.4% vs 3.6%), Item 4 (77.2% vs 11.2%), Item 5 (83.5% vs 7.8%), and total score (86.0% vs 6.9%) were significantly greater with onabotulinumtoxinA than with placebo on Day 30 (p < .0001). Responder rates favoring onabotulinumtoxinA in Period 1 were generally maintained with repeated treatment during Period 2.

CONCLUSION
Subjects were highly satisfied with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment and reported significant improvements in appearance-related psychological and emotional impacts of their facial lines.
FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME PATTERNS IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2
Authors: Solberg Yasmin , Dysli Chantal , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin S. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
Type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel) is a rare bilateral neurodegenerative disease characterized by alterations in the macular capillary network leading to central vision loss. The purpose of this study was to quantify disease-specific retinal fluorescence lifetime patterns in patients with MacTel using fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy.

Participants:
Both eyes of 14 patients (mean age ± SEM, 67.8 ± 6.4 years) with a clinical diagnosis of MacTel Type 2 and 14 healthy age-matched controls (age 69.8 ± 6.4 years) were included in this study.

Methods:
All participants were imaged with a fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Mean retinal fluorescence lifetimes (Tm) were obtained in the short spectral channels (498–560 nm) and long spectral channels (560–720 nm). Clinical features, fundus images, fundus autofluorescence intensity images, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and corresponding macular pigment optical density measurements using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (mpHRA) were further analyzed. Patients were classified into five phenotypic subgroups using the Gass and Blodi classification.

Results:
Mean fluorescence lifetimes were significantly prolonged temporal to the fovea in patients with MacTel compared with healthy controls (mean ± SEM: short spectral channels 543 ± 61 ps vs. 304 ± 9 ps; P < 0.0001; long spectral channels: 447 ± 26 ps vs. 348 ± 11 ps; P < 0.0001), and appeared as a crescent or ring-shaped pattern. Prolonged lifetime patterns correlated with decreased macular pigment density on macular pigment optical density measurements. Follow-up examinations were performed in four MacTel patients, which revealed an increase of short spectral channel Tm of 22% over 2.1 years in the temporal fovea.

Conclusion:
This study confirms that fundus autofluorescence lifetimes display characteristic patterns in patients with MacTel Type 2 disease and provide information about macular pigment and possibly photoreceptor loss. Fluorescence lifetime prolongation correlates with disease severity and may therefore be a useful addition to other imaging modalities for assessing disease progression in MacTel Type 2.
CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AND VASCULARITY VARY WITH DISEASE SEVERITY AND SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSIT PRESENCE IN NONADVANCED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Keenan Tiarnan D. , Klein Brandon , Agrón Elvira , Chew Emily Y. , Cukras Catherine A. , Wong Wai T. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To investigate how choroidal features vary with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severity in early-intermediate disease.

Methods:
One hundred fifty-one eyes of 151 participants >50 years with no to intermediate AMD were analyzed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Mean macular choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascular thickness (CV), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were determined, and statistical associations were calculated.

Results:
Decreased CT and CV were associated with increased axial length (+30 and +14 µm/mm, respectively; P < 0.0001 each), whereas decreased CVI was associated with increased age (+0.1%/year; P = 0.004). Compared with eyes with no/early AMD (Group 0), eyes with large drusen without late AMD in the fellow eye (Group 1) showed increased CV and CVI (+22 µm, P = 0.03 and +2.2%, P = 0.02, respectively). However, eyes with large drusen and late AMD in the fellow eye (Group 2) resembled Group 0. Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposits demonstrated lower mean CT/CV/CVI than Group 0 (−57 µm, P = 0.02; −31 µm, P = 0.02; −3.6%, P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Early AMD progression seems associated with biphasic alterations in choroidal dimensions, increasing during early drusen formation but decreasing thereafter. Subretinal drusenoid deposits are independently associated with marked reductions in all choroidal parameters. Changes in choroidal vascular anatomy may drive or reflect the pathobiology of AMD progression.
DEVELOPMENT OF IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLE IN FELLOW EYES
Authors: Choi Jae Hwan , Kim Kyung Tae , Kang Se Woong , Bae Kunho , Lee Sang Eon , Kim Ah Young 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To investigate the long-term incidence and risk factors of macular hole (MH) development in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral idiopathic MH.

Methods:
The retrospective case–control study involved the fellow eyes of 215 consecutive patients with idiopathic MH. The patients were classified into two groups according to the presence or development of MH in the fellow eye. The spectral domain optical coherence tomography features and clinical characteristics of each group were compared.

Results:
Twelve (5.6%) patients presented with bilateral MH at the initial visit, whereas 20 (9.3%) initially unilateral patients developed MH in the fellow eye over a median interval of 44 months. Vitreomacular traction and inner foveal cyst were noted more frequently in the baseline spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans of fellow eyes of the bilateral group (P < 0.01). An outer foveal defect was found in five patients (35.7%) of the bilateral MH group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The incidence of MH in fellow eyes was approximately 10%. The presence of outer foveal defect, inner foveal cyst, and vitreomacular adhesion or traction on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the fellow eye was the risk factor for MH.
ATYPICAL MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Kumawat Devesh , Venkatesh Pradeep , Brar Anand S. , Sahay Pranita , Kumar Vinod , Chandra Parijat , Chawla Rohan 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To study the etiology, clinical features, management options, and visual prognosis in various types of atypical macular holes (MHs).

Methods:
A review of the literature was performed, which focused on the etiopathogenesis of atypical or secondary MHs, their differentiating clinical features, management strategies, and varied clinical outcomes. Idiopathic or age-related, myopic, and traumatic MHs were excluded.

Results:
Atypical or secondary MHs arise out of concurrent ocular pathologies (dystrophy, degeneration, or infections) and laser/surgery. The contributing factors may be similar to those responsible for idiopathic or typical MHs, i.e., tangential or anteroposterior vitreofoveal traction or cystoid degeneration. The management is either observation or treatment of the underlying cause. The prognosis depends on the background pathology, duration of disease, and baseline visual acuity governed by the size of MH and morphologic health of underlying RPE and photoreceptors. The closer the morphology of atypical MH is to that of an idiopathic MH, the better the surgical outcome is.

Conclusion:
With the advancements in retinal imaging, atypical MHs are now more frequently recognized. With increasing understanding of the underlying disease processes, and improvement in investigations and surgical treatment, management of atypical MHs may improve in the future.
NOVEL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF A CASE OF SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA AFTER 23-GAUGE VITRECTOMY
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Ahmed , Terk-Howe Khoo Nigel , Sears Katharine , Winder Stephen 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare panuveitis after trauma to one eye. We present a case of SO after 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy, including optical coherence tomography evidence of response to treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first SO case report to include spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of Dalen-Fuchs nodules.

Methods:
Observational case report of a case of SO after two pars plana vitrectomies in the fellow eye.

Results:
A 67-year-old woman who had an operation for her pseudophakic left eye for a macula-off retinal detachment. She had two surgeries and later on had a total retinal detachment with vision of no perception of light. Eighteen months later, she presented back with a panuveitis with vitritis in her other eye and a visual acuity of 6/18. Dalen-Fuchs denoting SO was found. Treatment was commenced, and multimodal imaging was performed.

Conclusion:
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a known complication after vitrectomy. Optical coherence tomography can be invaluable in monitoring diagnosis and progression of Dalen-Fuchs nodules.
CHOROIDAL MELANOMA DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Kheir Wajiha Jurdi , Materin Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of a woman diagnosed with choroidal melanoma during pregnancy, as well as review similar cases published in the literature. The prevalence, risk factors, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of choroidal melanoma in pregnancy are addressed.

Methods:
An extensive search of the literature was conducted by accessing PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases in January 2018 to identify cases of choroidal or uveal melanoma diagnosed during pregnancy.

Patient:
A 37-year-old white woman pregnant with twins and diagnosed with choroidal melanoma.

Results:
Choroidal melanoma in pregnancy has a prevalence ranging from 4.3% to 7.5% among women of childbearing age with the disease. Pregnancy has been linked to increased incidence of choroidal melanoma, but female hormones have not been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Other factors such as melanocyte-stimulation hormone and fetal-induced angiogenesis may be implicated. Choroidal melanoma in pregnancy has not resulted in a worse maternal or fetal outcome.

Conclusion:
Although rare, choroidal melanoma in pregnancy is a clinical challenge. Management of these patients should be tailored to maternal and fetal needs.
ALTITUDE-ASSOCIATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CHANGES IN A GAS-FILLED EYE
Authors: Foulsham William , Chen Xiaohong N. , Vavvas Demetrios G. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
Intraocular gases are commonly used in vitreoretinal surgery. Patients are routinely advised against air travel before the complete absorption of intraocular gas. Consequently, reports on air travel in patients with large intraocular gas bubbles are highly unusual. Here, we report the intraocular pressure changes of a patient ascending to an altitude of 2,600 feet in a helicopter with a 50% fill perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas bubble in his left eye.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
A 61-year-old male patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, with fluid–gas exchange using 16% C3F8. With a 50% fill bubble in the left eye, the patient took a short helicopter trip ascending to a maximum altitude of 2,600 feet. Before take-off, intraocular pressure in the operated eye was 14 mmHg. The average increase in intraocular pressure was 10.8 mmHg per 1,000 feet of ascent, with a maximum recorded intraocular pressure of 42 mmHg. The patient denied both ocular pain and loss of vision but did report changes in the appearance of the gas bubble meniscus at 2,100 feet.

Conclusion:
Short-term low-altitude air travel may be tolerated by some patients with intraocular gas in situ. Further studies are required to define the conditions by which patients with gas bubbles may fly safely.
Orbital Roof Reconstruction Using Nylon Foil Implants
Authors: Grob Seanna R. , Chen Katherine G. , Tao Jeremiah P. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To describe a surgical technique of orbital roof reconstruction with a thin nylon foil implant.

Methods:
This study is a description of a surgical technique with a retrospective chart review of 3 consecutive patients treated with a nylon foil implant for a complete superior orbital defect after meningioma resection via craniotomy approach.

Results:
The nylon foil reconstruction achieved an anatomically stable orbit without globe dystopia, pulsatile proptosis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or other serious cranio-orbital problems, in all cases. Postoperative visual acuity, pain, extraocular motility, proptosis, and globe position remained stable or improved in each case. There were no complications related to the orbital roof reconstruction.

Conclusions:
Nylon foil implantation was an effective and inexpensive surgical technique for orbital roof reconstruction after tumor resection in this small series.
Functional and neurochemical disruptions of brain hub topology in chronic pain
Authors: Kaplan Chelsea M. , Schrepf Andrew , Vatansever Deniz , Larkin Tony E. , Mawla Ishtiaq , Ichesco Eric , Kochlefl Laura , Harte Steven E. , Clauw Daniel J. , Mashour George A. , Harris Richard E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A critical component of brain network architecture is a robust hub structure, wherein hub regions facilitate efficient information integration by occupying highly connected and functionally central roles in the network. Across a wide range of neurological disorders, hub brain regions seem to be disrupted, and the character of this disruption can yield insights into the pathophysiology of these disorders. We applied a brain network–based approach to examine hub topology in fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition with prominent central nervous system involvement. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 40 fibromyalgia patients and 46 healthy volunteers, and a small validation cohort of 11 fibromyalgia patients, were analyzed using graph theoretical techniques to model connections between 264 brain regions. In fibromyalgia, the anterior insulae functioned as hubs and were members of the rich club, a highly interconnected nexus of hubs. In fibromyalgia, rich-club membership varied with the intensity of clinical pain: the posterior insula, primary somatosensory, and motor cortices belonged to the rich club only in patients with the highest pain intensity. Furthermore, the eigenvector centrality (a measure of how connected a region is to other highly connected regions) of the posterior insula positively correlated with clinical pain and mediated the relationship between glutamate + glutamine (assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) within this structure and the patient's clinical pain report. Together, these findings reveal altered hub topology in fibromyalgia and demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a neurochemical basis for altered hub strength and its relationship to the perception of pain.
Chronic pain is associated with a brain aging biomarker in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Cruz-Almeida Yenisel , Fillingim Roger B. , Riley Joseph L. , Woods Adam J. , Porges Eric , Cohen Ronald , Cole James 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with brain atrophy with limited evidence on its impact in the older adult's brain. We aimed to determine the associations between chronic pain and a brain aging biomarker in persons aged 60 to 83 years old. Participants of the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan (NEPAL) study (N = 47) completed demographic, psychological, and pain assessments followed by a quantitative sensory testing battery and a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We estimated a brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) that has been previously reported to predict overall mortality risk (brain-PAD, calculated as brain-predicted age minus chronological age), using an established machine-learning model. Analyses of covariances and Pearson/Spearman correlations were used to determine associations of brain-PAD with pain, somatosensory function, and psychological function. Individuals with chronic pain (n = 33) had “older” brains for their age compared with those without (n = 14; F[1,41] = 4.9; P = 0.033). Greater average worst pain intensity was associated with an “older” brain (r = 0.464; P = 0.011). Among participants with chronic pain, those who reported having pain treatments during the past 3 months had “younger” brains compared with those who did not (F[1,27] = 12.3; P = 0.002). An “older” brain was significantly associated with decreased vibratory (r = 0.323; P = 0.033) and thermal (r = 0.345; P = 0.023) detection, deficient endogenous pain inhibition (F[1,25] = 4.6; P = 0.044), lower positive affect (r = −0.474; P = 0.005), a less agreeable (r = −0.439; P = 0.020), and less emotionally stable personality (r = −0.387; P = 0.042). Our findings suggest that chronic pain is associated with added “age-like” brain atrophy in relatively healthy, community-dwelling older individuals, and future studies are needed to determine the directionality of our findings. A brain aging biomarker may help identify people with chronic pain at a greater risk of functional decline and poorer health outcomes.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Sun Safety in Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Shue McGuffin Katherine , Jordan Kathleen , Langford David , Honeycutt Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Across the United States, there is a rising incidence of melanoma in the adolescent and young adult population. Collegiate athletes are at an increased risk of skin cancer because of prolonged, frequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this quantitative study was to evaluate an improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and sun safety behaviors after an educational intervention for female collegiate athletes (N = 81). Data collection occurred in three phases: a pretest was issued before the face-to-face educational intervention and a posttest was issued immediately after the intervention. A final posttest was distributed 3 months after the intervention. After an educational intervention, the collegiate athletes showed an increase in knowledge and an improvement in attitudes and behaviors. The difference in knowledge between the pretest and the posttest was statistically significant (p < .000). The increase in knowledge at the final posttest was also statistically significant (p < .000). After an educational intervention, female collegiate athletes experienced an improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and sun safety behaviors. Establishing routine sun safety education may potentially reduce the risk of melanoma in this vulnerable population.
Development of the Fundamental Training and Evaluation Tool for the Prosthetic Body-Powered Split Hook: A Preliminary Correlational Study
Authors: Nakagawa Masaki , Sasao Kumiko , Ishioka Toshiyuki , Suzuki Makoto , Hamaguchi Toyohiro 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Body-powered split hook training that makes the user focus on somatic sensations may help to improve prosthetic hook operation capacity of individuals with amputation. We have devised the fundamental training for the body-powered split hook (FTBSH) tool, which uses somatic sensations and comprises activities across the domains of time (five items), accuracy (two items), and dexterity (two items), in training for tasks such as opening/closing of body-powered split hook and manipulating objects. We have also devised a tool for assessing the outcomes of this training (FTBSH test).

Materials and Methods
The subjects were 5 men who had undergone below-the-elbow amputations. These subjects underwent skills training for 6 weeks using FTBSH, and subsequently another round of training for 6 weeks using time- and dexterity-related training items.

Results
Verification of the reproducibility of the FTBSH test revealed significantly high consistency and low error for time- and dexterity-related items. However, accuracy-related items did not demonstrate significant consistency. We administered FTBSH for 6 weeks using time- and dexterity-related items. An examination of the sensitivity to clinical change revealed significant changes in time-related items.

Conclusions
These results suggest that time-related items in the FTBSH test are highly reproducible and sensitive to clinical change. Although further studies on the FTBSH are required, the FTBSH shows promise as an effective tool for clinical practice to bring about improvements in operational capacity for individuals with amputation with a prosthetic body-powered split hook.