bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Corrosion Resistance of Epoxy Coatings by Impregnation with a Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Composite
Authors: Li ZeShan , Wang XinXing , Zhang YuBing , Jing CuiJie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConventional epoxy resin fails as corrosion protection in long‐term soaking in water as pores are developing. Here, a modified epoxy coating with enhanced corrosion resistance was fabricated by impregnation with functionalized reduced graphene oxide‐hydrophobic ionic liquid (RGO‐IL) nano composites. The modified RGO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and simulated immersion experiments. Compared to epoxy resin (ER) coatings without RGO‐IL nano composites, the ER with RGO nano composites showed higher hydrophobicity in contact angle tests. In electrochemical experiments on Q235 substrates coated with the RGO‐IL/ER composite, enhanced barrier properties and excellent corrosion protection was found. A more hydrophobic interface was built, and the nano composite material of RGO‐IL was easy to prepare and cost efficient. We speculated that the presence of the ionic liquids also improves the dispersion properties of RGO in ER, and thereby further improving its barrier effect. In addition, the hydrophobic ionic liquid itself had a hindrance to water molecules and chloride ions. The highlight of our work is the combination of the corrosion inhibition of the hydrophobic ionic liquids with the barrier effect of RGO.
Hydrogen Bonding of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Solution: Mechanisms of Solvent Reorganization
Authors: Gehrke Sascha , Hollóczki Oldamur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Sascha Gehrke and Oldamur Hollóczki at the University of Bonn. The image depicts how N‐heterocyclic carbenes exchange hydrogen bonding partners in solution. The “breakup” with the old partner happens either before or after forming a connection with the new. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802286.
Reversible Spatial Control in Aqueous Media by Visible Light: A Thioindigo Photoswitch that is Soluble and Operates Efficiently in Water
Authors: Koeppe Benjamin , Römpp Florian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAiming to extend the scope of indigoid photoswitches to polar protic environments, we have synthesized a sulfonated thioindigo derivative highly soluble in water. Studies by UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy indicate that, despite aggregation effects at micromolar concentrations, the novel dye offers satisfactory performance in aqueous solution in the absence of solvation aides. Enrichment of the metastable cis isomer by irradiation may exceed 65 % and its half‐life at room temperature may exceed several hours. Degradation after 20 yellow and blue light irradiation cycles within 2 hours is less than 2 %. Performance can be expected to further improve in future molecular designs if the tendency towards self‐association is further reduced. Crucially, photoisomerization of indigoids is not necessarily inhibited by water and, thus, the superior spatial control offered by this class of molecular switches may be of great benefit also in biological systems.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Si—Si Bond Insertion by the Terminal Nitrogen of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Liu Zhenxing , Fu Tianren , Huo Jingfeng , Feng Sheng , Wang Jianbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe palladium(0)‐catalyzed nitrogen insertion into cyclic Si—Si bonds has been realized by using N‐tosylhydrazones/diazo compounds as the nitrogen source. The palladium(II) nitrene formation and subsequent migratory insertion process are proposed as the key steps for this reaction.
The Chemistry of Fullerene‐Mixed Peroxides
Authors: Gan Liangbing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeroxy radicals such as ButOO· add to fullerenes efficiently to form isomerically pure multiadducts, for example, C60(OOBut)6. The fullerene‐ mixed peroxides exhibit rich chemical reactivity. Further transformation of the peroxy groups has resulted in fullereneols, open‐cage fullerenes, aza‐ and oxafullerenes and/or fulleroids. Practical applications such as photoinitiator remain to be explored for these fullerene‐mixed peroxides.
The new screening program to prevent cervical cancer using HPV DNA: getting the balance right in maintaining quality
Authors: Garland Suzanne M , Dimech Wayne , Collignon Peter ,   On behalf of the Australian Clinical Microbiologists Infectious Diseases Group, Cooley Louise , Nimmo Graeme R , Smith David W , Baird Rob , Rawlinson William , Costa Anna‐Maria , Higgins Geoff 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlong with the reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical abnormalities as a result of the successful HPV vaccination program, Australia is adopting a new screening strategy. This involves a new paradigm moving from cervical cytological screening to molecular nucleic acid technology (NAT), using HPV DNA assays as primary screening methodology for cervical cancer prevention. These assays must strike a balance between sufficient clinical sensitivity to detect or predict high‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, the precursor to cervical cancer, without being too sensitive and detecting transient infection not destined for disease. Ensuring the highest quality HPV NAT is thus a priority in order to reduce the possibility of falsely negative screens and manage the risk associated with false positive HPV NAT test results. How to do this needs informed discussion and on‐going refinement of the screening algorithm. This is of relevance as more countries move to more sensitive HPV NAT tests for secondary prevention of cervical cancer and as more HPV assays become available.
Current status of clinical testing for human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Kelly Y , Lewis James S , Chen Zhong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile a variety of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and surrogate markers are available, currently there is no consensus on the best detection method(s) that should be used to identify HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and serve as a standard test (or tests) for routine diagnostic use. As we begin to consider using the results of HPV testing for clinical purposes beyond simple prognostication, such as making decisions on treatment dose or duration or for targeted therapies that may be highly dependent on viral‐mediated pathways, we need to be more rigorous in assessing and ensuring the performance of the test (or tests) used. Here we provide an overview of the platforms and technologies, including the strengths and limitations of each test, and discuss what steps are needed to generate confidence in their performance for use in clinical practice.
On the Implication of Water on Fragment‐to‐Ligand Growth in Kinase Binding Thermodynamics
Authors: Wienen‐Schmidt Barbara , Wulsdorf Tobias , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Saxena Krishna , Kudlinzki Denis , Linhard Verena , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Heine Andreas , Schwalbe Harald , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA ligand‐binding study is presented focusing on thermodynamics of fragment expansion. The binding of four compounds with increasing molecular weight to protein kinase A (PKA) was analyzed. The ligands display affinities between low‐micromolar to nanomolar potency despite their low molecular weight. Binding free energies were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, revealing a trend toward more entropic and less enthalpic binding with increase in molecular weight. All protein–ligand complexes were analyzed by crystallography and solution NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structures and solution NMR data are highly consistent, and no major differences in complex dynamics across the series are observed that would explain the differences in the thermodynamic profiles. Instead, the thermodynamic trends result either from differences in the solvation patterns of the conformationally more flexible ligand in aqueous solution prior to protein binding as molecular dynamics simulations suggest, or from local shifts of the water structure in the ligand‐bound state. Our data thus provide evidence that changes in the solvation pattern constitute an important parameter for the understanding of thermodynamic data in protein–ligand complex formation.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Cultured Cells and Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Lowey Brianna , Li Qisheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae with specific hepatotropism. HCV poses a significant health burden worldwide, frequently causing chronic infections associated with progressive liver damage and various extrahepatic manifestations. In recent years, the development of several permissive cell culture (HCVcc) systems has allowed for in vitro propagation of HCV, study of the viral life cycle and virus–host interactions, and identification of novel antivirals. Here we describe the use of human hepatoma cell lines Huh7 and HepG2/CD81/miR‐122, as well as primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), for HCV infection and propagation. We also provide protocols for the quantitative analysis of intracellular and extracellular HCV RNA and detection of HCV core protein expression by immunostaining. In addition, we describe methods to manipulate cellular gene expression, including transfection of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HCV host factors or overexpressing cellular microRNAs in hepatocytes, to assess their effects on productive HCV infection and liver pathogenesis. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metabolic Labeling of Prenylated Proteins Using Alkyne‐Modified Isoprenoid Analogues
Authors: Suazo Kiall F. , Hurben Alexander K. , Liu Kevin , Xu Feng , Thao Pa , Sudheer Ch. , Li Ling , Distefano Mark D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein prenylation involves the attachment of a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group onto a cysteine residue located near the C‐terminus of a protein, recognized via a specific prenylation motif, and results in the formation of a thioether bond. To identify putative prenylated proteins and investigate changes in their levels of expression, metabolic labeling and subsequent bioorthogonal labeling has become one of the methods of choice. In that strategy, synthetic analogues of biosynthetic precursors for post‐translational modification bearing bioorthogonal functionality are added to the growth medium from which they enter cells and become incorporated into proteins. Subsequently, the cells are lysed and proteins bearing the analogues are then covalently modified using selective chemical reagents that react via bioorthogonal processes, allowing a variety of probes for visualization or enrichment to be attached for subsequent analysis. Here, we describe protocols for synthesizing several different isoprenoid analogues and describe how they are metabolically incorporated into mammalian cells, and the incorporation into prenylated proteins visualized via in‐gel fluorescence analysis. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bioequivalence of Olanzapine Given in Combination With Samidorphan as a Bilayer Tablet (ALKS 3831) Compared With Olanzapine‐Alone Tablets: Results From a Randomized, Crossover Relative Bioavailability Study
Authors: Sun Lei , McDonnell David , Liu Jianjun , von Moltke Lisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of olanzapine in 3 olanzapine‐containing tablet formulations. ALKS 3831 is a fixed‐dose combination of olanzapine (OLZ, an atypical antipsychotic) and samidorphan (SAM, a μ‐opioid receptor antagonist with low intrinsic activity at δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors), intended to provide the efficacy of OLZ while mitigating its known weight and metabolic effects. Relative bioavailability of OLZ in ALKS 3831, a bilayer tablet containing OLZ and SAM, a matching bilayer tablet containing OLZ only (OLZ), and Zyprexa (brand olanzapine [B‐OLZ]) was assessed in an open‐label study. Forty‐eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive single oral doses of ALKS 3831 (10 mg OLZ/10 mg SAM), OLZ (10 mg OLZ), and B‐OLZ (10 mg B‐OLZ) on day 1 of each treatment period. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected before and after each dose. Ratios of OLZ AUC0‐∞, AUC0‐t, and Cmax were compared between treatments and tested for bioequivalence, determined by 90%CIs of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs). GMRs of OLZ AUC0‐∞, AUC0‐t, and Cmax were close to 1, and the 90%CIs of the GMRs were contained within the bioequivalence limit of 80%–125% for comparison of ALKS 3831 with B‐OLZ, ALKS 3831 with OLZ, and OLZ with B‐OLZ, demonstrating bioequivalence of OLZ in ALKS 3831, OLZ, and B‐OLZ.
Relative Bioavailability and Food Effect Evaluation for 2 Tablet Formulations of Asciminib in a 2‐Arm, Crossover, Randomized, Open‐Label Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Menssen Hans D. , Quinlan Michelle , Kemp Charisse , Tian Xianbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAsciminib (ABL001) is an orally administered allosteric inhibitor of the BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase. The current study evaluated the relative bioavailability of its 2 tablet variants, AAA and NXA, compared with the capsule CSF and assessed the impact of food in healthy participants in a 2‐arm, randomized, open‐label, 4‐way crossover design. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed were area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the time of last measurable concentration (AUClast), AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf), and peak concentration (Cmax). Forty‐five healthy volunteers were enrolled, 22 in the AAA arm and 23 in the NXA arm. Under fasting conditions, the AUCinf, AUClast, and Cmax of the AAA tablet were similar to those of the capsule, but slightly higher (∼20%) for NXA and decreased with a high‐fat meal (∼65%) and a low‐fat meal (∼30%) for both tablet formulations. Overall, 20 participants (9 in the AAA arm; 11 in the NXA arm) experienced at least 1 adverse event, the most common in both arms being headache. The study showed that under fasting conditions, tablet AAA had bioavailability similar to that in the capsule CSF. The bioavailability of both tablet formulations decreased with food, with a more pronounced effect observed with a high‐fat meal.
Exploring reward system responsivity in the nucleus accumbens across chronicity of binge eating in female rats
Authors: Hildebrandt Britny A. , Sinclair Elaine B. , Sisk Cheryl L. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearch has highlighted the importance of reward‐based processes in binge eating (BE). However, both increased and decreased activation have been observed in reward related brain regions for BE. Differences may be similar to addiction research, where the reward system is initially hyper‐responsive at early stages of use, but becomes hypo‐responsive with prolonged drug/alcohol use. This study was the first to examine differences in reward system responsivity at early versus chronic BE stages.MethodUsing an animal model, Sprague–Dawley female rats were identified as BE prone (BEP) or BE resistant (BER) and randomly assigned to an early or chronic stage group. Neural activation (via Fos protein) was quantified in the nucleus accumbens core (NAC) and shell (NAS).ResultsEarly stage BEP rats had the highest levels of Fos expression of all of the study groups. By contrast, chronic stage BEP rats exhibited decreased activation in the NAS and NAC that was similar to the activation in chronic stage BER rats.DiscussionFindings are significant in suggesting hyper‐neural activation to reward in the early stages of BE and decreased activation in later stages of BE. Additional studies are needed to elucidate how these differences may impact risk for and maintenance of BE.
Rates of abstinence following psychological or behavioral treatments for binge‐eating disorder: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Linardon Jake 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveStandardized effect sizes reported in previous meta‐analyses of binge‐eating disorder (BED) treatment are sometimes difficult to interpret and are criticized for not being a useful indicator of the clinical importance of a treatment. Abstinence from binge eating is a clinically relevant component of a definition of a successful treatment outcome. This meta‐analysis estimated the prevalence of patients with BED who achieved binge eating abstinence following psychological or behavioral treatments.MethodThis meta‐analysis included 39 randomized controlled trials, with 65 treatment conditions and 2,349 patients. Most conditions comprised cognitive‐behavioral therapy (n = 40). Pooled event rates were calculated at posttreatment and follow‐up using random effects models.ResultsThe total weighted percentage of treatment‐completers who achieved abstinence at posttreatment was 50.9% (95% CI = 43.9, 57.8); this estimate was almost identical at follow‐up (50.3%; 95% CI = 43.6, 56.9). The total weighted percentage of patients who achieved abstinence at posttreatment in the intention‐to‐treat analysis (all randomized patients) was 45.1% (95% CI =40.7, 49.5), and at follow‐up it was 42.3% (95% CI =37.5, 47.2). Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) produced the highest abstinence rates. Clinician‐led group treatments produced significantly higher posttreatment (but not follow‐up) abstinence estimates than guided self‐help treatments. Neither timeframe for achieving abstinence, assessment type (interview/questionnaire), number of treatment sessions, patient demographics, nor trial quality, moderated the abstinence estimates.DiscussionThe present findings demonstrate that 50% of patients with BED do not fully respond to treatment. Continued efforts toward improving eating disorder treatments are needed.
Heterogeneous weight restoration trajectories during partial hospitalization treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Berona Johnny , Richmond Rebekah , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEarly response to treatment has been shown to predict good outcome in family‐based treatment, but little is known about who responds quickly.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to examine the short‐term weight gain trajectories among youth receiving partial hospitalization program services for anorexia nervosa (AN), and to identify predictors of these trajectories.MethodAdolescent and young adults (n = 102) with AN or subthreshold AN completed semi‐structured interviews and self‐report measures on admission to a family‐based partial hospitalization program. Patients participated in programming 5 days a week.ResultsThree weight gain trajectories were found to indicate slow, moderate, and rapid weight gain trajectories. All rapid responders gained at least four lbs. in the first 4 weeks of treatment, compared to 86.1% of moderate responders and 51.2% of slow responders. Patients were less likely to have a moderate or rapid response trajectory if they had a mood disorder diagnosis and higher parental expressed emotion. Additionally, the presence of compensatory behavior increased the likelihood of having a rapid response.DiscussionDespite the sometimes chronic nature of AN, most patients fell into one of the two favorable response trajectories. The identification of these trajectories underscores the importance of considering the core disordered eating behaviors (i.e., restricting, binge eating, and purging), comorbid psychopathology, and parental expressed emotion.
Behavioural responses of the whooper swansCygnus cygnusto human disturbance and their adaptability to the different habitats in the Rongcheng lagoon of China
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Lu Ying , Chen Cheng , Zhang Guiwen , Wang Qianzu , Xu Zhen , Wang Zhongsheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith urbanization influences and economic development, the area and integrity of coastal wetlands are suffering destruction in China, which would affect waterfowl wintering. The Rongcheng Lake is an important wintering ground for migratory birds in Central Asia, especially for whooper swansCygnus cygnus. In this study, we investigated the numbers and behaviours of the whooper swans in the different habitats of the Swan Lake from November in 2015 to April in 2016, collected 72 water samples in the estuaries, and carried out food addition experiments in order to analyse the behavioural responses and adaptability of the whooper swans to the changing environment. Our results showed that the dominant behaviour of the whooper swans was resting, followed by feeding and locomotion and the whooper swans mainly distributed in the beach, estuary, and lagoon. Moreover, their distributions were affected by fresh water and food availability, whereas the human disturbance played an important role in their distributions and behavioural variations. To adapt to the changing environment, different wintering strategies were adopted by the whooper swans during the different overwintering period. The estuary protection and human feeding were very vital tools to help the whooper swans adjust their body to prepare for migrating next year.
Haemodynamic effects of percutaneous mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair in patients with end‐stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation
Authors: Geis Nicolas A. , Pleger Sven T. , Bekeredjian Raffi , Chorianopoulos Emmanuel , Kreusser Michael M. , Frankenstein Lutz , Ruhparwar Arjang , Katus Hugo A. , Raake Philip W.J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsFunctional mitral regurgitation is complicating end‐stage heart failure and potential heart transplantation by increasing pulmonary artery pressures. The aim of the present study was to investigate feasibility and haemodynamic effects of percutaneous mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair using the MitraClip™ device in patients with end‐stage heart failure awaiting heart transplantation.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, we identified nine patients suffering from end‐stage heart failure listed for heart transplantation in whom moderate–severe or severe functional mitral regurgitation was recognized and treated with percutaneous mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair. Twenty‐two patients listed for heart transplantation and presenting with moderate–severe or severe functional mitral regurgitation treated in the pre‐MitraClip™ era served as controls. Patients were analysed at two separate time points: MitraClip™ group: pre‐procedure and post‐procedure (follow‐up: 215 ± 53 days) and control group: study entry with recognition of moderate–severe or severe functional mitral regurgitation (follow‐up: 197 ± 47 days). Percutaneous mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair with the MitraClip™ was feasible and safe in our high‐risk end‐stage heart failure population. The intervention resulted in significant reduction of mitral regurgitation (grade 3.0 [0.5] to 1.5 [0.5]; P = 0.009), left atrial diameter (51 mm [16] to 49 mm [4]; follow‐up MitraClip™ vs. control group P = 0.0497), pulmonary artery pressures (sPA 50 mmHg [15] to 45 mmHg [10]; P = 0.02; mPA 34 mmHg [8] to 30 mmHg [10]; P = 0.02), and New York Heart Association class (3.5 [1.0] to 3.0 [0.5]; P = 0.01) and improved mixed‐venous oxygen saturation (57% [11] to 55% [7]; follow‐up MitraClip™ vs. control group P = 0.02). No changes in the control group were observed.ConclusionsMitraClip™ implantation as ‘bridge‐to‐transplant’ strategy in patients with end‐stage heart failure and severe functional mitral regurgitation awaiting heart transplantation is feasible and appears to result in favourable haemodynamic effects.