bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seamless scale‐up of tube‐in‐tube millireactors by annular structure and feed method design: Micromixing, residence time distribution and heat transfer
Authors: Liu Hanyang , Yang Ning , Jiang Junan , Xiao Zundong , Wang Chenfeng , Lu Beili , Wang Rijie , Tang Lirong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlow chemistry is widely valued for its enhanced transport properties and safety, but scaling up while maintaining the advantages of the microenvironment in small‐scale systems remains challenging. We addressed this by developing a novel tube‐in‐tube millireactor with a multi‐hole jet inlet and deflectors, designed to maintain consistent flow regimes and optimize micromixing, residence time distribution (RTD), and heat transfer at various scales. The reactor increases flux by enlarging tube diameters and incorporating micro‐holes and deflectors, all while maintaining a constant annular space. This design, validated through both CFD modeling and experimental results, maintains consistent fluid flow and excellent transfer properties, achieving micromixing time below 2 ms at Reh > 2000, a plug‐flow‐like RTD profile, and a heat transfer capacity up to 12.4 times greater than conventional designs. This study presents a simple, scalable approach to millireactor design, combining “number‐up” and “size‐up” strategies, offering a cost‐effective solution for industrial applications.
Association Between Pre‐Injury Opioid Use and Opioid Use Patterns After a Work Injury
Authors: Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Haight John , Elmore Andrea , Sears Jeanne M. , Wickizer Thomas , Franklin Gary M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew studies have assessed long‐term opioid prescribing after a work‐related injury. There is limited information about opioid prescriptions before an injury and how receipt of opioids before a work injury is associated with long‐term opioid prescribing. We present patterns of long‐term opioid prescription among workers after an injury, overall, and by pre‐injury opioid use.MethodsWe used linked workers' compensation and prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to identify workers injured between July 2019 and June 2020 with an opioid prescription dispensed within 6 weeks after injury. Opioid prescribing was assessed for the 3 months before injury and for 1 year after injury or claim closure, whichever came first.ResultsAmong injured workers with an opioid in the first 6 weeks, 23% had opioids 6−12 weeks after injury, 19% had opioids 3−6 months, 14% had opioids 6−9 months, and 12% had opioids 9−12 months after injury; 19% had opioids in the 3 months before injury. For workers with opioid prescription prior to injury, the percentage with opioids 9−12 months after injury was 34%, versus 7% among workers with no opioids in the 3 months before injury (p < 0.001). Receipt of chronic opioids (for at least 60 days) 9−12 months after injury was substantially higher among those with prior opioid prescription (20%) than in those with no prior opioids (0.4%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found a strong relationship between opioid prescription in the 3 months before a work injury and opioid prescribing after an injury. Healthcare providers should be vigilant to the important relationship between prior opioid use and longer‐term opioid use after work‐related injuries.
Childhood adversity and late‐life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort
Authors: Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Gradwohl Natalie M. , Fong Joseph , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Gilsanz Paola , Whitmer Rachel A. , Glymour M. Maria , Barnes Lisa L. , Koenen Karestan C. , DeCarli Charles , Fletcher Evan , Mungas Dan , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONChildhood adversity harms neurodevelopment. Literature on late‐life brain health is limited, and findings on late‐life cognition are mixed.METHODSPooling data from Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) and Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) cohorts, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity (factor score from seven self‐reported items) on (a) executive function and verbal memory decline using linear mixed effects models (n = 2447), (b) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using linear regression (n = 618), and (c) amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) using generalized linear models (n = 331), all adjusting for early‐life demographic and socioeconomic confounders.RESULTSChildhood adversity was not associated with cognition except for a slightly faster decline in verbal memory ( = −0.013 SD/year, 95% confidence interval [−0.025, −0.001]). Among neuroimaging outcomes, childhood adversity was associated with only larger temporal lobe volumes ( = 0.092 SD [0.012, 0.173]).DISCUSSIONMore research evaluating sources of resilience, heterogeneity, and bias is needed to explain inconsistent findings across studies.Highlights
We developed measurement models to capture childhood adversity in a diverse cohort.
Childhood adversity was associated with a slightly faster verbal memory decline.
We examined childhood adversity's effect on structural MRI and amyloid PET measures.
Higher childhood adversity was associated with larger temporal lobe volumes.
The POINTER Imaging baseline cohort: Associations between multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers, cardiovascular health, and cognition
Authors: Harrison Theresa M. , Ward Tyler , Taggett Jacinda , Maillard Pauline , Lockhart Samuel N. , Jung Youngkyoo , Lovato Laura C. , Koeppe Robert , Jagust William J. , Harvey Danielle , Masdeu Joseph C. , Oh Hwamee , Gitelman Darren R. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Espeland Mark A. , Cleveland Maryjo L. , Whitmer Rachel , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Salloway Stephen , Pavlik Valory , Yu Melissa , Tangney Christine , Snyder Heather , Carrillo Maria , Baker Laura D. , Vemuri Prashanthi , DeCarli Charles , Landau Susan M. ,   for the U.S. POINTER Study Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER) is evaluating lifestyle interventions in older adults at risk for cognitive decline and dementia. Here we characterize the baseline data set of the POINTER Imaging ancillary study.METHODSParticipants underwent health and cognitive assessments and neuroimaging with multimodal positron emission tomography (PET) (beta‐amyloid [Aβ] and tau) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to quantify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.RESULTSA total of 1052 participants (31% from underrepresented ethnoracial groups) were enrolled. Compared to Aβ−, Aβ+ (29%) participants were older, had higher apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriage rate and white matter hyperintensity volume, and greater temporal tau. FRS was related to MRI measures, but not AD biomarkers. FRS and tau had independent effects on cognition.DISCUSSIONIn this heterogenous, at‐risk cohort, CVD risk was related to more abnormal brain structure and poorer cognition, representing a putative non‐AD (Alzheimer's disease) pathway to brain injury and cognitive decline.Highlights
The U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER) cohort is enriched for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor lifestyle
POINTER Imaging collected multimodal neuroimaging data in this unique, at‐risk cohort
Amyloid burden was related to age, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriage, and measures of disease progression
Associations between amyloid and tau, and tau and cognition, were relatively weak
CVD risk and tau pathology were independently related to memory
Longitudinal Imaging Biomarkers Correlate with Progressive Motor Deficit in the Mouse Model of Charlevoix‐Saguenay Ataxia
Authors: Gigliucci Valentina , Huang Su‐Chun , Boschetti Giorgio , Scaravilli Alessandra , Castoldi Valerio , Podini Paola , Quattrini Angelo , Cocozza Sirio , Leocani Letizia , Maltecca Francesca 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveIn autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) disease, severity and age of onset vary greatly, hindering to objectively measure and predict clinical progression. Thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer is distinctive of ARSACS patients, as assessed by optical coherence tomography, whereas conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging findings include both supratentorial and infratentorial changes. Because longitudinal imaging studies in ARSACS patients are not available to define these changes as biomarkers of disease progression, we aimed to address this issue in the ARSACS mouse model.MethodsWe performed longitudinal retinal OCT and brain MRI in the Sacs−/− ARSACS mouse model, alongside motor and coordination assessment in the beam walking test. We also investigated visual function and the molecular mechanisms underlying RNFL increased thickness by histology and immunofluorescence.ResultsWe demonstrated that RNFL thickening by OCT gradually increases in the early stages of pathology in the Sacs−/− mouse model, reflecting the progression of motor impairment, and later reaches a plateau when thinning of the posterior corpus callosum becomes detectable by MRI. Mechanistically, we unveiled that RNFL thickening is associated with aberrant accumulation of non‐phosphorylated neurofilament H and glial fibrillary acidic protein. We also uncovered mild signs of myelin pathology coherent with increased latency of visual evoked potentials, and altered retinal activation by photopic electroretinography.InterpretationWe show that both RNFL thickening and MRI changes may represent biomarkers of disease progression in the Sacs−/− mouse model. Our data gathers knowledge instrumental to clinical studies, holding potential as readout for treatment efficacy. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:425–434
Azadihomocorannulene as a Heptagon‐Embedded Diradicaloid
Authors: Hamamoto Yosuke , Wang Weifan , Li Yongxin , Ito Shingo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic diradical(oid) molecules are attracting significant attention because of their unique electronic and magnetic properties as well as their applications as functional materials. While diradical(oid) molecules bearing five‐membered rings have been extensively investigated, those bearing seven‐membered rings are relatively fewer. Herein, we report the synthesis of azapentabenzodihomocorannulene dication and diradical molecules. The synthesis was achieved through a mechanochemical C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H coupling in the presence of sodium as a key reaction. Electron spin resonance studies revealed that the neutral azapentabenzodihomocorannulene adopts a singlet diradical (diradicaloid) ground state with a small singlet−triplet energy gap of 2.1 kcal/mol. The electronic and optical properties were investigated both experimentally and theoretically to elucidate their aromatic character.
Hederagenin is a Highly Selective Antagonist of the Neuropeptide FF Receptor 1 that Reveals Mechanisms for Subtype Selectivity
Authors: Lentschat Hannah , Liessmann Fabian , Tydings Claiborne , Schermeng Tina , Stichel Jan , Urban Nicole , Schaefer Michael , Meiler Jens , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRF‐amide peptide receptors including the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (NPFFR1) are G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate diverse physiological functions. High conservation of endogenous ligands and receptors makes the identification of selective ligands challenging. Previously identified antagonists mimic the C‐terminus of peptide ligands and lack selectivity towards the closely related neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) or the neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1R). In a high‐throughput screening, we identified the pentacyclic triterpenoid hederagenin (1) as a novel selective antagonist for the NPFFR1. Hederagenin (1) is a natural product isolated from Hedera helix (ivy). We characterized its mode of activity using in vitro and in silico methods, revealing an overlapping binding site of the small molecule with the orthosteric peptide agonists. Despite the high similarity of the orthosteric binding pockets of NPFFR1 and NPFFR2, hederagenin (1) shows strong subtype selectivity, particularly caused by slight differences in the shape of the binding pockets and the rigidity of the small molecule. Several residues inhibiting the activity of hederagenin (1) at the NPFFR2 were identified. As NPFFR1 antagonists are discussed as potential candidates for the treatment of chronic pain, these insights into the structural determinants governing subtype specificity will facilitate the development of next‐generation analgesics with improved safety and efficacy.
An Improved Permeation Model for Solution–Diffusion‐Based Hollow Fiber Gas Separation Membrane: Implementation and Analysis
Authors: Almarjeh Rama Alqassar Bani , Yeo Jason Yi Juang , Atassi Yomen , Hosseini Seyed Saeid , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDense polymeric hollow fiber membrane–based gas separation modules are becoming increasingly important in various industrial fields due to their higher efficiency compared to other gas separation processes. Modeling the membranes gas separation process and analyzing the governing mathematical equations such as the solution–diffusion model are crucial for optimizing module performance and making the process cost‐effective. Herein, we introduce an improved methodology for solving the mathematical model of polymeric hollow fiber gas separation membranes focusing on a simpler and more accurate solution strategy. Unlike previous solving methods, the model characteristic functions (feed flow, permeate flow, feed composition, permeate composition within the porous support layer, and bulk permeate composition) better adhere to boundary conditions at the module inlet and closed‐end. The improved solving algorithm provides a more accurate solution, with a maximum mean squared error of 7.3441 × 10−5 and minimum of 0.8853, outperforming previous complex methods. The corrected algorithm also features improved speed, completing calculations in under 0.015 s, faster than any reported values. The model's response to changes in geometric and operating conditions is evaluated through an extensive sensitivity test, which is conducted by statistical analysis and numerical solutions. Numerical solution approach allows for a wider range of possibilities of interactions compared to statistical analysis and enables inspection of a wider response surface. Additionally, the response equation is estimated for permeate purity, stagecut, and retentate purity, and the process is optimized for different goals. Performance of membrane gas separation is highly sensitive to the membrane sizing and feed concentration, as these factors significantly influence the separation driving force. Therefore, this study presents an improved solving strategy and a detailed description of the effect of various parameters on the model response, along with a comprehensive comparison to statistical analysis and process optimization possibilities.
Chemical Recycling of Used PI/PTFE Sandwich Composite Filter Bags
Authors: Dai Feng , Liu Jingxian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecycling is a major approach to addressing resource waste and environmental pollution issues, but it remains a challenge to recycling of the polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene (PI/PTFE) sandwich composites. In this work, an efficient process for recycling PI/PTFE composite filter bags was proposed, which mainly included pretreatment, pre‐hydrolysis, separation, recovery, and reuse. First, the effect of washing pretreatment of used composite needle felt was evaluated by SEM and EDS characterization. Then the strength of the PI fibers was decreased by pre‐hydrolysis so that the PI could be easily separated with PTFE. The effect of hydrolysis time on the mass loss rate of PI, peel strength of PI with PTFE, and tensile strength of PTFE was systematically investigated. Finally, the PI was depolymerized into monomers in an alkaline solution. This method successfully realizes the recycling of used PI/PTFE composite filter bags, and the waste liquid generated can be recycled and reused. Moreover, the recycled ODA and PMA were used to prepare PI films by thermal imidization. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the PI recycled films were 107.6 MPa and 7.8%, respectively, and the films had excellent thermal stability. The recycling of used PI/PTFE composite filter bags avoids wasting resources.
Is it still autism? The increasing broadening of the autism spectrum
Authors: Bertelli Marco O. , Boniotti Veronica , Scior Katrina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClinical significance of a broad autism phenotype (BAP) seems to be increasingly supported by growing reports of high prevalence of subthreshold autism spectrum disorder (sASD) or autistic traits (AT) in various demographic samples, particularly in individuals with psychiatric conditions. We question this increasing extension of the autism spectrum and its potential negative consequences for clinical services, research, cultural attitudes, and resource allocation, as well as alternative explanations of what is currently attributed to sASD and AT.In modern psychiatry the diagnostic threshold is paramount and associated with a significant impairment of functioning, implying that symptom specificity is more relevant than sensitivity. Within a syndrome, symptoms have to be present together, with the parts related to and interconnected with the whole. Single autism symptomatic dimensions have low syndromic specificity and can be observed in many different mental disorders. For instance, communication problems may present in communication disorders, social‐cognitive difficulties can be found in schizophrenia, and rigid and/or repetitive behaviors can be found in obsessive compulsive disorder. One alternative interpretation of AT and/or sASD relates to personality traits. For example, within the Big 5 Model, low openness is associated with a dislike of change and a narrow range of interests, low extraversion with social withdrawal and coldness, and low agreeableness with disinterest in others and disregard for their feelings.These risks of overreliance on non‐specific aspects of autism are particularly likely to occur with screening checklists, self‐assessment, or assessment by a lay interviewer with only limited expertise in clinical assessment.
Impact of Self‐Reported Long‐Term Mental Health Morbidity on Help‐Seeking and Diagnostic Testing for Bowel‐Related Cancer Symptoms: A Vignette Study
Authors: Pennisi Flavia , Ricciardi Giovanni Emanuele , von Wagner Christian , Smith Lauren , Kaushal Aradhna , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Merriel Samuel William David , Hamilton Willie , Abel Gary , Valderas Jose Maria , Renzi Cristina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate if pre‐existing mental health morbidity (MHM) might influence help‐seeking and willingness to undergo diagnostic investigations for potential colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms.MethodsAn online vignette survey was completed by 1307 adults aged > 50 years recruited through Prolific, a UK panel provider. Participants self‐reported any chronic physical or MHM. After having been presented with vignettes describing new onset symptoms (rectal bleeding or change in bowel habit), participants answered questions on symptom attribution and attitudes to investigations. Using multivariable logistic regression we examined the association between MHM and symptom attribution, intended help‐seeking, and willingness to undergo investigations, controlling for socio‐demographic factors and physical morbidities.ResultsSelf‐reported MHM (reported by 14% of participants) was not associated with cancer symptom attribution (29% of participants with or without MHM mentioned cancer as a possible reason for rectal bleeding and 14% for change in bowel habit). Individuals with self‐reported MHM were less likely to contact a GP if experiencing a change in bowel habit (19% vs. 39%; adjusted (a)OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.19–0.60) and to mention rectal bleeding to their GP (83% vs. 89%, aOR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.94). Although most participants would be willing to undergo a colonoscopy for these high‐risk symptoms, those with depression/anxiety were less willing (90% vs. 96%; aOR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.87).ConclusionsIndividuals with self‐reported MHM are less likely to seek help and less willing to undergo investigations for high‐risk symptoms. Targeted support, for example, through additional mental health nurses, might facilitate prompt cancer diagnosis for the large group of people with MHM.
The Analysis of Plasma Proteomics for Luminal A Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Meimei , Jiang YongWei , Kong Xiaomu , Liu Yi , Gao Peng , Li Mo , Zhu Haoyan , Deng Guoxiong , Feng Ziyi , Cao Yongtong , Ma Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast cancer is the prevailing malignancy among women, exhibiting a discernible escalation in incidence within our nation; hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−) breast cancer is the most common subtype. In this study, we aimed to search for a non‐invasive, specific, blood‐based biomarker for the early detection of luminal A breast cancer through proteomic studies.MethodsTo explore new potential plasma biomarkers, we applied data‐independent acquisition (DIA), a technique combining liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, to quantify breast cancer‐associated plasma protein abundance from a small number of plasma samples in 10 patients with luminal A breast cancer, 10 patients with benign breast tumors, and 10 healthy controls.ResultsThe proteomes of 30 participants in all cohorts were analyzed using the DIA method, and a total of 517 proteins and 3584 peptides were quantified. We found that there were significant differences in plasma protein expression profiles between breast cancer patients and non‐breast cancer patients, and breast cancer was mainly related to lipid metabolism pathways. Finally, the optimal protein combinations for the diagnosis of breast cancer were PON3, IGLV3‐10, and IGHV3‐73 through multi‐model analysis, which had a high prediction accuracy for breast cancer (AUC = 0.92), and the model could also distinguish breast cancer from HC (AUC = 0.92) and breast cancer from benign breast tumor (AUC = 0.91).ConclusionsThe study revealed proteomic signatures of patients with luminal A breast cancer, identified multiple differential proteins, and identified three plasma proteins as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. It provides a reference for the screening of biomarkers for breast cancer.