bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant’s Debt to Baumgarten in His Religious (Un‐)Grounding of Ethics
Authors: Osawa Toshiro 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten’s ethics had a significant influence on the formation of Kant’s ethics. The extent of this influence, however, has not been sufficiently investigated by existing Kant scholarship. Filling this gap, this paper aims to reveal Baumgarten’s substantial influence on the formation of Kant’s ethics, particularly the complex ways in which Kant’s ethics retains the concept of God as crucial for ensuring that his ethics persist under the scrutiny of reason. In a systematic comparison of the ethics of the two philosophers, I argue that Kant alters and yet accommodates several aspects of Baumgarten’s ethics in his own version of the system of ethics more thoroughly than has previously been perceived. More specifically, I argue, first, that Kant’s rejection of Baumgarten’s conception of “duties towards God” and his alternative notion that duties are recognized as if they were divine commands unveil his criticism of Baumgarten’s conception of how religion is situated in ethics. Second, I argue that Kant’s argument for the extension of pure reason for practical purposes discloses his critical response to Baumgarten’s optimistic assumption about the entirety of pure reason.
Determination of the stability constants of Pu(VI) carbonate complexes by capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Authors: Alexandre Jean-Charles , Dacheux Nicolas , Aupiais Jean 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
New determination of the stability constants related to the Pu(VI)/carbonate chemical system has been obtained by coupling capillary electrophoresis and ICP-MS at the ionic strength of 0.202 m in NaClO4 and for a temperature of 25°C. The following values have been obtained:

log

10

β

PuO

2

CO

3

=
8.12
±
0.02
,

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}}} = 8.12 \pm 0.02,$

log

10

β

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

2

2
−

=
13.96
±
0.04
,

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_2^{2 - }}} = 13.96 \pm 0.04,$

and

log

10

β

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

3

4
−

=
18.10
±
0.03.

${\log _{10}}{\beta _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_3^{4 - }}} = 18.10 \pm 0.03.$

Based on the values selected by AEN/OECD, the interaction coefficients have been re-evaluated as follows:

ε

PuO

2

CO

3

=
0.02
±
0.21
,

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}}} = 0.02 \pm 0.21,$

ε

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

2

2
−

,

Na

+

=
0.12
±
0.08
,

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_2^{2 - },{\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^ + }}} = 0.12 \pm 0.08,$

ε

PuO

2

(

CO

3

)

3

4
−

,

Na

+

=
0.14
±
0.18
kg
⋅

mol

−
1

.

${\varepsilon _{{\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3})_3^{4 - },{\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^ + }}} = 0.14 \pm 0.18{\rm{ kg}} \cdot {\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{ - 1}}.$
Potential of metal monoliths with grown carbon nanomaterials as catalyst support in intensified steam reformer: a perspective
Authors: Baharudin Luqmanulhakim , Yip Alex Chi-Kin , Golovko Vladimir , Watson Matthew James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA monolithic catalytic support is potentially a thermally effective system for application in an intensified steam reforming process. In contrast to ceramic analogues, metal monoliths exhibit better mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to that of the reformer tube. A layer of carbon nanomaterials grown on the metal monolith’s surface can act as a textural promoter offering sufficient surface area for hosting homogeneously dispersed catalytically active metal particles. Carbon nanomaterials possess good thermal conductivities and mechanical properties. The future potential of this system in steam reforming is envisaged based on hypothetical speculation supported by fundamental carbon studies from as early as the 1970s, and sufficient literature evidence from relatively recent research on the use of monoliths and carbon in catalysis. Thermodynamics and active interaction between metal particle surface and carbon-containing gas have resulted in coke deposition on the nickel-based catalysts in steam reforming. The coke is removable through gasification by increasing the steam-to-carbon ratio to above stoichiometric but risks a parallel gasification of the carbon nanomaterials textural promoter, leading to nickel particle sintering. We present our perspective based on literature in which, under the same coke gasification conditions, the highly crystallised carbon nanomaterials maintain high chemical and thermal stability.
How Forces Fold the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Kroenke Christopher D. , Bayly Philip V. 
Published: October 2018

Improved understanding of the factors that govern folding of the cerebral cortex is desirable for many reasons. The existence of consistent patterns in folding within and between species suggests a fundamental role in brain function. Abnormal folding patterns found in individuals affected by a diverse array of neurodevelopmental disorders underline the clinical relevance of understanding the folding process. Recent experimental and computational efforts to elucidate the biomechanical forces involved in cerebral cortical folding have converged on a consistent approach. Brain growth is modeled with two components: an expanding outer zone, destined to become the cerebral cortex, is mechanically coupled to an inner zone, destined to become white matter, that grows at a slower rate, perhaps in response to stress induced by expansion from the outer layer. This framework is consistent with experimentally observed internal forces in developing brains, and with observations of the folding process in physical models. In addition, computational simulations based on this foundation can produce folding patterns that recapitulate the characteristics of folding patterns found in gyroencephalic brains. This perspective establishes the importance of mechanical forces in our current understanding of how brains fold, and identifies realistic ranges for specific parameters in biophysical models of developing brain tissue. However, further refinement of this approach is needed. An understanding of mechanical forces that arise during brain development and their cellular-level origins is necessary to interpret the consequences of abnormal brain folding and its role in functional deficits as well as neurodevelopmental disease.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:How Cells Fold the Cerebral Cortex, by Víctor Borrell
On Becoming a Surgical Intern: Navigating the Lurch from Medical School to Internship
Authors: Tribble Curtis G 
Published: October 2018

There are three major transitions in the educational trajectory of those heading into a career in surgery. The first transition is from the first year or two of medical school to the clerkships of the third year. The second is the transition from medical school into the first postgraduate year of residency training. The third, which is widely held to be the toughest transition of all, is from residency into independent practice. This review, which could be called ‘a rookie’s survival guide,’ will address the second of those ‘lurches,’ that of the transition from medical school into a surgical internship.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Is Modulated by the Forkhead Transcription Factor FKH-9 During Infection of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tillman Erik J , Richardson Claire E , Cattie Douglas J , Reddy Kirthi C , Lehrbach Nicolas J , Droste Rita , Ruvkun Gary , Kim Dennis H 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Animals have evolved critical mechanisms to maintain cellular and organismal proteostasis during development, disease, and exposure to environmental stressors. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a conserved pathway that senses and responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. We have previously demonstrated that the IRE-1-XBP-1 branch of the UPR is required to maintain Caenorhabditis elegans ER homeostasis during larval development in the presence of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we identify loss-of-function mutations in four conserved transcriptional regulators that suppress the larval lethality of xbp-1 mutant animals caused by immune activation in response to infection by pathogenic bacteria: FKH-9, a forkhead family transcription factor; ARID-1, an ARID/Bright domain-containing transcription factor; HCF-1, a transcriptional regulator that associates with histone modifying enzymes; and SIN-3, a subunit of a histone deacetylase complex. Further characterization of FKH-9 suggests that loss of FKH-9 enhances resistance to the ER toxin tunicamycin and results in enhanced ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Increased ERAD activity of fkh-9 loss-of-function mutants is accompanied by a diminished capacity to degrade cytosolic proteasomal substrates and a corresponding increased sensitivity to the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib. Our data underscore how the balance between ER and cytosolic proteostasis can be influenced by compensatory activation of ERAD during the physiological ER stress of infection and immune activation.
The Employment of Verbal and Visual Information for 3rd Grade Deaf Students in Arithmetic Story Problem Solving
Authors: Grabauskienė Vaiva , Zabulionytė Ada 
Published: October 2018

The scientific studies have shown that deaf students in comparison to their hearing peers find mathematical word tasks much more difficult to solve. Following this finding, in our article we are discussing how Lithuanian oral/written and Sign languages (LSL) supported by illustrations might assist deaf students solving mathematical word problems.
The analytical part of this article is based on results from a small field survey – deaf students were asked to take math word problems followed by discussions with the same students (performed in LSL) about their (un)success. The following methods have been applied: instrumental case study, written survey, observation, and qualitative content analysis. Due to the specifics of schools for deaf children we have chosen a small sample group consisting of six deaf 3rd grade students.
Study results show that it was quite difficult for deaf students to understand what exactly the mathematical word problem has been asking for. This observation leads to the assumption that it would be useful making wording of math problems shorter and at the same time more friendly to the mindset of the deaf students. On top of that, the wording and written language constructions used in mathematical word tasks should be at the level of overall language comprehension of deaf students at that age level. This approach would lead to more rational teaching strategies to be used for deaf students - enabling them to recognize the key message in the task by separating it from the less important secondary information. The results also show that deaf students very rarely use illustrations as a supporting tool while resolving mathematical word tasks (though it might be some exceptions if students are asked to solve tasks that are more complex). This observation supports the idea, that it would be useful to apply proper illustrations helping to enhance the understanding and strengthen the ability to overcome the low comprehension of verbal information. In that case, the key objective in teaching deaf students would be in how to extract the required mathematical information from the illustrations presented and connect it with the word task itself. It has been noticed also that deaf students usually ask for help and support in Lithuanian Sign language. This underlines the importance of having the teacher able to communicate in their preferable way (using LSL) on a constant basis.
A Teacher of Technological Education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland. What is She Like?
Authors: Žygaitienė Birutė , Buivydaitė Evelina 
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to compare the curricular of technology education and requirements for a technology education teacher in the analysed countries. The following conclusions have been made:
1. The conceptions of technological education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland are closely related to the aspects of integrity with other study subjects and the aim to prepare learners for successful adaptation in society. During lessons of technologies in Lithuania the modules of nutrition, textile, constructive materials, electronics and design are learnt. The lessons of design and technologies in Great Britain include innovative project learning of digital and engineering technologies and school learners study textile, constructive materials, design and nutrition.
During lessons of household economics in Finland, personal school learners’ qualities are developed while learning modules of nutrition and textile, whereas the subject-specific content of household economics is not emphasised. The aspect of technology modules is highlighted in the lessons of technologies and design and technologies, whereas that of social education is observed in household economics.
2. The requirements imposed on teachers of technological education in the analysed countries include excellent subject-specific, pedagogical and psychological preparation, ability to help school students to build up their value-based attitudes on the basis of the personal value system of an educator and ability to cooperate and work in teams. The research revealed the following differences: Finnish teachers are required to creatively implement curriculum, to be able to ensure tolerance-based education in the multicultural environment and to develop school students’ entrepreneurship skills; implementation of scientific research activities in the process of education and integration of information communication technologies are important to Finnish and Lithuanian teachers. The requirements to teachers in Great Britain are similar to those imposed on teachers in the other analysed countries.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOME YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT ANISE (Pimpinella anisum L.) POPULATIONS
Authors: SONMEZ Cigdem 
Published: October 2018

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of phosphorus treatments on yield and quality traits of
three anise populations with different origin under Bornova-Izmir conditions in 2016 and 2017. Phosphorus
fertilizer was applied at the rate of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1
to three different anise populations (Turkish,
Spanish and Syrian). Field trials were arranged as split-plot in the Randomized Complete Block design with
three replications. The plant characteristics such as plant height (cm), biomass (kg ha−1
), number of branches,
number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield(kg ha-1
), 1000-seed weight (g), essential oil
content (%) and essential oil yield (L ha-1
) were measured. It was found that the highest number of seeds per
umbel, 1000-seed weight and essential oil content were obtained from the 60 kg ha-1 phosphorus application.&nbsp;
Defining Cultural Resilience to Strengthen Native Youth: A Brief Report from the Intergenerational Connection Project
Authors: Kelley Allyson , Small Clayton , Small Maha Charani , Montileaux Hawkeye , White Shawnee 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Native American youth are placed at greater risk for suicide than any other age or ethnic population in the United States. Resilience has helped Native Americans overcome adversity. In this paper, authors provide an example of how intergenerational mentoring can moderate or reduce these risk factors. The Intergenerational Connection Project at Native PRIDE (ICP) works with advisory councils in four Native communities in Montana and South Dakota. To better understand resilience, this paper answers two questions: (1) how do communities define cultural resilience, and (2) how can cultural resilience be operationalized in a cultural context? The ICP team worked with community advisory councils to develop a cultural resilience scale that was administered at the beginning of the project and six months later, at the end of the Project. An independent samples t-test demonstrated a significant increase in all scale items from baseline and at six-month follow-up. Results indicate that all community definitions include terms related to adversity and the transfer of cultural knowledge through sharing, participation, and involvement. Community definitions also included conversations about spirituality, language, values, and interactions between elders and youth. Authors conclude with a strong message that strengths-based interventions like the ICP are needed to address suicide risk in Native communities.
Global changes of ventricular repolarization in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Authors: Arteyeva N. A. , Zemskov I. A. , Kurilenko T. A. , Parmon E. A. 
Published: October 2018

Background.In arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), repolarization disorders precede structural heart changes.Objective.The aim of this work was to evaluate repolarization changes in ARVD patients with various degree of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.Design and methods. The standard ECG and vectorcardiograms (VCG) of patients with a confirmed ARVD diagnosis (N = 22, 13 men 51 ± 16 years and 9 women 50 ± 12 years), observed in the Medical Centre of V.A. Almazov, were analyzed. The degree of ECG changes was assessed by the number of precordial leads with negative T-wave, the global dispersion of repolarization — on the basis of the maximum interval between the peak and the end of T-wave, the spatial repolarization sequence — by T-vector direction, the action potential duration (APD) — on the basis of Q-Tpeak and Q-Tend intervals.Results.At no T-wave inversion in precordial leads, the latest repolarization took place in the posterior regions of ventricular base, at T-wave inversion only in the right precordial leads — in the lateral part of the right ventricle, at T-wave inversion in all precordial leads — in the antero-apical parts of the ventricles. Depending on the degree of ECG changes, the duration of repolarization increased in such a way that the shorter APD increased more than the longer ones; the global dispersion of repolarization was not increased.Conclusion.In ARVD, the increase of repolarization ECG changes is a result of inhomogeneous APD prolongation and the changes in ventricular repolarization sequence (up to it’s inversion), not accompanied with a growth of global dispersion of repolarization.
Сhanges in depolarization processes of ventricular extrasystole in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/right ventricular dysplasia: fragmentation and maximum duration of QRS complex
Authors: Zemskov I. A. , Parmon E. V. 
Published: October 2018

Background:There are new characteristics of ventricular extrasystole (VE): the QRS interval maximum duration (VEQSI max.) and its fragmentation (fQRS), which are insufficiently studied in patients with ARVD/C.Objective:To analyze VEQSI max. and fQRS of VE depending on frequency of SCD, syncope, ICD and ICD-shocks in patients with ARVD/C.Materials and methods: Included 83 patients:(41 m, 30.3±4.1 years): 55 (27 m) with the established (ED), 13 (5 m) — borderline, 15 (9 m) — possible diagnosis of ARVD/C [Marcus F.I., 2010].Results:Syncope were in 34 patients (41,0%, 19 m): mostly (70,5%, 15 m) in the ED. SCD — in 5 patients (2,4%, 4 m): 80,0% with the ED. ICD was implanted to 31 patients (37,3%, 21 m) in 87,1% ED. ICDshocks- in 15 patients (48,4%,11 m) with the ED. The average VEQSI max was 168,1±23,1ms, significantly higher inED (р<0,05), and in men (р<0,05). FQRS was discovered in ED (10,8%) and possible diagnosis (13,3%), in the leads II, III, V5-V6.Conclusions:Syncope, SCD, ICD implanting and shocks were occurred more often in patients with the established diagnosis of ARVD/C. VEQSI max. was higher in that group.
Evaluation of use, acceptability, and effectiveness of household water filter systems in Honduras, 2016–2017
Authors: Fagerli Kirsten , Hurd Jacqueline , Wells Emma , McAteer Jarred , Kim Sunkyung , Seal Laura , Akers Patricia , Murphy Jennifer L. , Quick Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We evaluated a household hollow fiber water filter program in 11 Honduran villages by assessing filter uptake and water quality. Filters were purchased by 90% of households; of these, 94% reported use within the past week. When comparing water treatment methods between baseline and follow-up, there were increases in the proportion of households reporting water treatment (74% vs. 93%, p &lt; 0.001) and treatment by filtration (19% vs. 85%, p &lt; 0.001), and decreased purchase of bottled water (44% vs 6%, p &lt; 0.001), indicating acceptability of the water filtration systems. There was a significant decrease in the presence of Escherichia coli in water samples taken from 35 households at baseline and follow-up in water filter systems (p &lt; 0.001). As a result, 68% of samples met WHO water quality guidelines (no detectable E. coli) 6–12 months after program implementation. Observations of filter stands revealed a 6-inch gap between the top (reservoir) bucket and bottom (filtrate recipient) bucket that could have permitted animals, insects, hands, or other objects to touch filtered water. We recommend a redesign of filter stands to eliminate the gap between buckets, and a longer-term follow-up to assess filter durability and performance.
Tropical rainfall patterns driven by reduced sea ice in high boreal latitudes
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Isimar , da Silva Maria Gertrudes Alvarez Justi , da Silva Alfredo Silveira , Filho Otto Corrêa Rotunno 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Satellite data enabled the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), through Report V, to indicate that the regional distribution of sea ice has been reducing in the Northern hemisphere high latitudes. This study assimilated that reduction into a general circulation model of intermediate complexity to simulate the tropical rainfall response. The Northern hemisphere tropospheric wind field simulations presented a clear similarity to the Northern Annular Mode negative phase. In particular, the meridional wind anomalies of the Northern hemisphere Ferrel cell suggest that the energy upsurge due to the boreal sea ice decrease results in an increase in the amplitude of the Rossby waves, thus connecting the polar zone to the tropics. The 500 hPa vertical motion and the rainfall distribution in the tropical belt simulations show a southward displacement of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone and also the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. Although several studies indicate the Intertropical Convergence Zone is shifted towards the hemisphere most heated by climatic variations, the apparent disagreement with our results can be understood by considering that some continental sectors in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes have shown cooling in recent years, probably in response to the boreal sea ice decrease.
Photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 on the surface of tin oxide microrods
Authors: Khan Shanza Rauf , Khalid Muhammad Umar , Jamil Saba , Li Songnan , Mujahid Aiman , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A simple co-precipitation technique is proposed for synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) microrods. Stannous chloride and urea were used during synthesis. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the annealed product consists of SnO2 microrods having tetragonal unit cells, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the rod-like morphology of a synthesized product. These synthesized microrods are used as photocatalyst for the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5). Degradation kinetics of RB5 are monitored under daylight in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and catalyst. The percentage of RB5 conversion is also calculated at various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst which demonstrate that RB5 shows high catalytic degradation at high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst.