bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERVIÇO SOCIAL E EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE: INTERFACE ENTRE PRECEPTORIA E FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Leal Joyce Helena Martins , Nogueira Ana Claudia Correia , Lima Fernando Lopes Tavares de 
Published: January 2019

O trabalho aborda reflexões sobre a experiência dos preceptores de Serviço Social no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia (PRMO) do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). Objetiva compreender, sob a ótica dos assistentes sociais preceptores, como o PRMO do INCA tem contribuído para o processo de formação e educação permanente dos assistentes sociais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, por meio de questionário semiestruturado aplicado a 31 assistentes sociais preceptores e de grupo focal com participação de 04 membros da Comissão de Ensino do Serviço Social. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico do materialismo histórico-dialético, considerando a compreensão da dinâmica social a partir da totalidade. O texto está dividido em dois eixos analíticos: (1) aspectos conceituais relativos a Política de Educação Permanente e o Serviço Social na Residência Multiprofissional; (2) perfis acadêmico e profissional dos preceptores e as reflexões sobre as potencialidades, limites e desafios da formação em saúde. Os resultados sinalizam que a residência constitui um importante espaço de formação profissional para os assistentes sociais, considerando a perspectiva do Projeto Ético Político. Frente aos desafios cotidianos dos serviços de saúde, faz-se necessário pensar em novos horizontes para a consolidação da residência, enquanto estratégia de qualificação da assistência aos usuários.
AGROFORESTRI TEMBESU (Fagraea fragrans) BERBASIS KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Nursanti Nursanti , Fazriyas Fazriyas , Albayudi Albayudi , Wulan Cory 
Published: December 2018

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) di Provinsi Jambi menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki trend pertumbuhan positif. Pada tahun 2015 luas areal kelapa sawit di Jambi sudah mencapai 559.697 ha dengan jumlah produksi 1.963.197 ton. Hal ini didukung oleh peningkatan konversi hutan menjadi kebun kelapa sawit di Jambi sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mengurangi laju konversi dengan mengembangkan sistem agroforestri kompleks. Sistem agroforestri ini mampu menjadi alternatif yang prospektif untuk menyeimbangkan tujuan ekonomi sekaligus ekologi. Lahan kebun kelapa sawit sangat potensial untuk pengembangan tanaman sela (intercropping) sebagai tanaman campuran dalam pola agroforestrymisalnya dicampur dengan pohon tembesu (Fagraea fragrans).Tembesu merupakan salah satu jenis kayu andalan yang populer diSumatera Bagian Selatan (Sumatera Selatan, Jambi dan Lampung), memiliki nilai ekonomi dan nilai budaya yangtinggi bagi masyarakat lokal.Jenis tanaman hutan yang dipilih untuk kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) dan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis). Tembesu merupakan pohon penghasil kayu untuk tujuan kayu pertukangan dengan karakteristik kayu yang memiliki kelas kuat I-II dan kelas awet I sehingga bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Sedangkan kelapa sawit sebagai primadona tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi sumber penghasil devisa non migas. Kelompok Tani Sumber Rejeki dan Kelompok Tani Bintang Muda di Desa Mudung Darat, Kecamatan Maro Sebo, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi memiliki tanggapan positif terhadap kegiatan pengabdian ini. Hal ini terlihat dari sikap kebersamaan dalam mengambil keputusan dan mengkoordinasikan anggota untuk mempersiapkan kelancaran dalam kegiatan pengabdian yang akan dilaksanakan.
Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan untuk Anak Suku Anak Dalam di Dusun Selapik, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Asra Revis , Naswir Muhammad , Kalsum Ummi , Lestari A Puji 
Published: December 2018

Dusun Selapik merupakan salah satu dusun yang masuk ke dalam Desa Nyogan Kecamatan Mestong, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Dusun ini merupakan tempat bermukimnya Suku Anak Dalam (SAD), yang hidup berdampingan dengan warga desa lainnya. Suku Anak Dalam di Dusun Selapik sudah bermukim permanen di kawasan dekat dengan pemukiman penduduk biasa, dan tidak berpindah-pindah, seperti kebiasaan SAD lainnya. Pendidikan bagi anak-anak Suku Anak Dalam yang berada di Dusun Selapik tidak mengikuti sekolah formal sama sekali, mereka hanya belajar di sanggar belajar “Meraih Mimpi”. Sanggar Belajar ini dibina oleh Karang Taruna Setempat, dan waktu belajarnya hanya 3 kali seminggu, dengan fasilitas seadanya. Berdasarkan hasil survey pendahuluan dan wawancara langsung dengan kepala Dusun Selapik diperoleh informasi bahwa masalah biaya merupakan penyebab utama yang menyebabkan anak-anak SAD putus sekolah. Universitas Jambi sebagai salah satu Lembaaga Pendidikan dan merupakan Perguruan Tinggi Negeri terbesar di Provinsi Jambi, melalui Pusat Sudi Pendidikan Masyarakat dibawah Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat turut terpanggil untuk melakasanakan program pendidikan untuk anak-anak SAD. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan yaitu Participatory Rural Apraisal (PRA), yaitu metode pendidikan pada masyarakat.Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat tentang Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan untuk Suku Anak Dalam di Dusun Selapik dapat diambil kesimpulan: (1).Sosialisasi kepada Kepala Desa dan Aparat Desa telah dilakukan dalam upaya untuk mengetahui kondisi real masyarakat Dusun Selapik. (2). Penyuluhan kepada Orangtua SAD telah menggugah dan menyadarkan mereka akan pentingnya pendidikan untuk anak-anak mereka, (3) Pemberian bantuan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan kepada anak-anak SAD meningkatkan pemahaman anak-anak dalam belajar, mengaji dan praktek ibadah, (4) Kemajuan pendidikan anak-anak SAD di Dusun Selapik cukup signifikan dengan adanya kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini.
Introduksi Teknologi Sabun Cair Antiseptik dari Buah Pedada (Sonneratia Caseolaris) di Kelurahan Kampung Laut, Kuala Jambi, Tanjung Jabung Timur
Authors: Farid Faizar , Sari Putri Maya , Rahman Havizur 
Published: December 2018

Buah pedada yaitu buah mangrove yang hidup di perairan payau yang banyak tumbuh di daerah pesisir khususnya yang ada di Kabupaten Tanjab Timur yaitu Kelurahan Kampung Laut Kecamatan Kuala Jambi. Buah Pedada bagian dasarnya dibungkus oleh kelopak bunga, dan tidak beracun. Masyarakat Kampung Laut jarang mengkonsumsi langsung buah Pedada karena rasanya asam. Buah tersebut memiliki kandungan gizi yang belum dimanfaatkan. Buah Pedada dapat diolah menjadi produk pangan seperti selai dan sirup, karena kandungan vitamin C yang cukup tinggi. Selain pengolahan produk pangan buah Pedada dapat juga diolah menjadi sabun cair antiseptik, karena kandungan zat kimia pada buah Pedada mampu membunuh dan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Dengan melihat potensi ini, maka muncul ide untuk membuat teknologi pengolahan sabun cair buah Pedada sebagai antiseptik. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan memberikan nilai tambah yang besar ditinjau dari hasil teknologi produk sabun cair antiseptik, sehingga menambah nilai ekonomis dan penghasilan bagi Masyarakat Kampung Laut serta meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakatnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini penyuluhan manfaat dan pengolahan buah Pedada. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan produk sabun cair antiseptik serta meningkatkan kreativitas sumber daya manusia di Kelurahan Kampung Laut, kecamatan Kuala Jambi, Kabupaten Tanjab Timur untuk membuat industri rumah tangga produk pangan ataupun produk sabun cair antiseptik.
The Effect of Fraud Risk Assessment Frequency and Fraud Inquiry Timing on Auditors' Skeptical Judgments and Actions
Authors: Brasel Kelsey R. , Hatfield Richard C. , Nickell Erin Burrell , Parsons Linda M. 
Published: January 2019

SYNOPSIS
Identifying ways to improve and maintain professional skepticism, particularly for the purpose of reducing the risk of material misstatement due to fraud, continues to be a top priority for the auditing profession. This study examines two strategies for improving skeptical behavior in a fraud-related task: (1) practicing inward-directed skepticism through repeated risk assessments and (2) performing timely fraud inquiries of operational-level employees. Results indicate auditors made more skeptical judgments when revisiting and reassessing fraud risk assessments. Further, when auditors performed operational-level fraud inquiries prior to substantive testing, participants exhibited significantly greater increases in skeptical judgment than those who performed inquiries subsequently or not at all. We also observed a greater tendency toward skeptical action, but only on the part of participants who were highly skeptical by nature. These findings support the effectiveness of two strategies for improving skepticism throughout an audit engagement that can improve fraud detection.
Dificultad diagnóstica de Neuromielitis óptica: A propósito de un caso tratado como Esclerosis Múltiple.
Authors: Abad Andrea , Vélez Jairo , Flores Enríquez Jessica 
Published: December 2018

La neuromielitis óptica (NMO) es una patología rara, de afección nerviosa, autoinmune, desmielinizante, encontrada entre 0,3 al 3 / 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 41 años de edad, quien acudió a emergencia por un cuadro de 3 meses de evolución, que inició con disminución de la agudeza visual en ojo derecho y parestesias en extremidades derechas. Fue diagnosticado de esclerosis múltiple(EM) y se le administró el esquema terapéutico de dicha enfermedad. Reingresó después de 6 años con deterioro visual y neuromuscular. Una prueba de anticuerpos anti canales acuaporina-4 confirmó el diagnóstico de neuromielitis óptica. El diagnóstico de neuromielitis óptica determina un reto por sus semejanzas clínicas a otras patologías neurodegenerativas como la esclerosos múltiple. Si la entidad no es abordada adecuadamente se produce un deterioro acelerado con graves secuelas neurológicas.
Palabras clave: Neuromielitis Óptica, Esclerosis Múltiple, Acuaporina 4.
Kuva uuden ajan alun eurooppalaisista kulttuuriverkostoista täsmentyy kirjansidostutkimuksen avulla
Authors: Pirinen Hanna 
Published: January 2019

Arvio Liia Rebanen väitöskirjasta "Lvcrec – Venus – Ivditt. Tallinner. Bucheinbände zu Beginn der frühen Neuzeit. Buchbinder, Einwirkungen und Verzierungen".
THE HABIT FORMATION OF SPEAK ING ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH STUDENTS OF POLITEKNIK UBAYA IN 4.0 INDUSTRY ERA
Authors: Limantoro Singgih Widodo 
Published: December 2018

This paper investigated the English speaking habit of Business English students of Politeknik Ubaya Surabaya. The Business English study program policy was to ask its students to speak/use English in their lessons that used English as a medium of communication. In this case study, the writer would investigate them mainly on why they didn’t speak English in English lessons and what learning strategies they suggested to improve their English. In this paper, the writer would like to collect data through a questionnaire survey with 30 respondents of Business English students of Politeknik Ubaya. He found out that not all the respondents had the English speaking habits in their English lessons for many reasons though the teachers asked them to be in total English immersion. These were some learning strategies the respondents suggested to help cultivate their English competence.
ANALISIS PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE DENGAN DIMODERASI GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Martantina Levi , Soerjatno R. 
Published: December 2018

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance in which Good Corporate Governance is moderating variable. Corporate Social Responsibility is independent variable whereas dependent variable is Tax Avoidance. The result of testing the first hyphothesis found that Corporate Social Responsibility has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. In other words, the company that does extensive disclosure, the company does not practice Tax Avoidance. The result of testing the second hypothesis found that the exixtence of Good Corporate Governance in the board of directors mediate the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility with Tax Avoidance. So that the existence of the board of directors is able to contribute in making extensive disclosure towards Corporate Social Responsibility and practice of Tax Avoidance.
Evaluation of Actual Creep Length Under Heading up Structures Aprons
Authors: El-Molla Mohamed , Saad Naveen Y , Ezizah Gada S 
Published: December 2018

In this paper a 2D finite element model (SEEP2D) is implemented to study the actual head loss along the sheet piles fixed at the ends of an apron of a heading up structure. Different scenarios for the thickness of the pervious layer under the apron, the length of the apron and the depths of the upstream and downstream sheet piles are studied. Results show that assuming the outer and inner faces of the sheet piles have the same weight for estimating the creep length while designing aprons of hydraulic structures is weak. Design equations for the actual head loss along the outer and inner faces for both the upstream and downstream sheet piles are driven. These equations can be used as a tool in the practical design for aprons of heading up structures formed on pervious soil and provided with upstream and downstream sheet piles at its ends.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR MAHASISWA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM DISKUSI ILMIAH
Authors: Tri Pujiati , Wawan Gunawan 
Published: December 2018

This research is aimed to find out the polite utterance strategy of public health study program students, STIKES Kharisma Persada Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan.Theory of Brown and Leveinson (1987) and sosiopragmatics approach were used as analysis tools in finding out the polite utterance strategy of public health study program students. Quantitave and qualitative method used to analyze the data which were taken from the students’ utterances. The result of the research shows that (1) The used Politeness strategy : positive politeness strategy 63% and negative politeness strategy 37%. Overall, This research proves that the theory of Brown and Levinson can be used to find out the utterances politeness strategy used of students in discussion forum.
DEVELOPING ABILITY OF THE STUDENTS AT SMAN 1 SOE KABUPATEN TIMUR TENGAH SELATAN (TTS) NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR IN USING SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE THROUGH INTERVIEW
Authors: Yanpitherszon Liunokas 
Published: December 2018

The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using interview in using the simple present tense. This research used pre experimental research method. The population of this research is first class of SMAN 1 Soe Kabupaten Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) NTT. The total number of population is 142 students in four classes. The researcher used random sampling technique. There were 20 students as sample of the research. The writer took 5 students from each class. The instrument of the research was written test. The findings which gained through pre test and post test showed the significant development of students’ ability in using simple present tense. The total mean score of the students’ scores in pre test was 3.85 and post test was 6.8. The result t test shows that the “to” is bigger that “tt” (17.5 > 2.093). This indicates that null hypothesis is rejected, therefore using interview is effective in teaching simple present tense at SMAN 1 Soe Kabupaten Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) NTT.
Nilai Ekonomi Langsung Berbagai Sistem Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Desa Mirring, Kab. Polewali, Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Irundu Daud , Arafat Andi , Rahmania Rahmania 
Published: December 2018

Public forests are land ownership whose management is oriented to timber productivity, but in addition to timber under stands can also be cultivated food crops and environmental services all of which have economic value. Community forest management can provide direct and indirect economic benefits as an alternative source of economic income for the people of Mirring Village, Binuang District, Polman , West Sulawesi. This research aims to find out how much the direct economic value of community forest based on its management system which can then be used as a reference for future forest management plan. The research was conducted from March to December 2017. Data were collected using survey and interview methods, where the observed variables included descriptions of community forests, community forest productivity including timber and non-timber forest products, and local market prices. The analysis is done descriptively quantitative. The result of the research shows the highest economic value is in agroforestry forest management system of Rp.127.962.157, followed by mixed stands and monoculture system of Rp.97.894.958 and Rp.71.728.608, respectively. Products produced by community forests consist of timber and non-timber forest products.Keywords: economic value, forest community, Polman.
Use of Cow and Buffalo Milk with Different Fat Contents for Production of Kefir Drinks with Kefir Grain and Starter Culture: Their Protein and Tyrosine Contents during Storage
Authors: TOMAR Oktay , AKARCA Gökhan 
Published: December 2018

In
this study, cow and buffalo milk with different fat contents were used for the
production of kefir drinks with kefir grain or kefir culture, and the protein
and tyrosine contents of kefir drinks were determined during 21 days of storage
at 4°C. The protein content of samples decreased during storage (P&lt;0.05). Protein
contents of kefir samples ranged from 3.44 to 4.80% (P&lt;0.05) at the
beginning and from 3.31 to 4.71% at the last day of storage. Tyrosine content
of kefir samples increased for the first 14 days of storage, and it decreased
at the end of storage except for the kefir produced with cow milk (P&lt;0.05). Tyrosine
contents of samples produced with starter culture were higher than those with
kefir grains, and the use of cow milk had a significant effect on the tyrosine
content of kefir samples (P&lt;0.05). At the end of storage, the highest
tyrosine content (15.80 µg/g) was determined in kefir from cow milk with a 0.5%
fat content and starter culture, and the lowest (8.04 µg/g) was determined in kefir
from buffalo milk with a 3% fat content and kefir grain (P&lt;0.05).
Besin Etiketi Okuma Alışkanlıklarına ve Etiket Okumanın Satın Alma Tercihlerine Cinsiyetin Etkisi: Tekirdağ İli Örneği
Authors: COŞKUN Fatma , KAYIŞOĞLU Serap 
Published: December 2018

Cinsiyetin etiket okuma alışkanlıkları
üzerine etkisinin araştırıldığı bu anket çalışması, Tekirdağ ili Süleymanpaşa
ilçesinden seçilmiş 406 tüketici ile yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile tüketicilerin gıda maddeleri
satın alırken bilgi düzeyleri ve tutumlarının ne olduğunun ortaya
konması ve satın almada en fazla önem
verdikleri faktörleri ortaya koymak ve konuyla ilgili farkındalığı artırmak amaçlanmıştır. Katılımcılara besin etiketinin
önemi, okuma nedenleri, etiketteki bilgileri anlama düzeyleri, etiket bilgilerinin
anlaşılma oranı, hangi bilgilerin daha çok okunduğu, hangi ürünlerin
etiketlerinin daha çok okunduğu, etiketteki “içindekiler” bilgisinin anlaşılma
oranı, sağlık sorununun etiket okuma oranına etkisi sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına
göre, bayanların etiket bilgisine
daha çok dikkat ettiği ve yazılı ifadelerin daha etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Etiket
bilgisi için televizyonun daha önemli eğitici araç olduğu, sağlık sorunlarının
etiket okumada etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Televizyonda etiket okuma ile ilgili olarak yayınlanacak
programlar halkın bilinçlendirilmesinde ciddi katkılar sağlayacaktır. Etiketlerin
kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde anlaşılmasında, standart ve basit halde sunulmaları
önemli bir etken olacaktır.
Stevia rebaudiana Bitkisinin Tatlandırıcı, Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Özellikleri
Authors: KARAGÖZ Şeyda , DEMİRDÖVEN Aslıhan 
Published: December 2018

Şeker otu olarak da bilinen Stevia rebaudiana, tatlandırıcı ve
tedavi edici özelliklerinden dolayı milyonlarca insan tarafından yıllardır
kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte yapılan çalışmalarda araştırmacılar stevia
bitkisinin gıda sektöründe kullanılması mümkün olan çeşitli özelliklerini de
rapor etmişlerdir. Stevia rebaudiana
yaprakları bütün besin maddelerini az da olsa içermektedir. Ancak bu bitkiye
sakkarozdan 100 ile 300 kat tatlılık özelliği kazandıran en önemli bileşikler
steviol glikozitlerdir. Ayrıca stevia yapraklarında gıdaya antimikrobiyal ve
antioksidan özelliği kazandıran flavonoitler ve fenolik bileşiklerin olduğu da
belirtilmiştir. Bu durum stevianın tatlandırıcı olarak kullanılmasının yanı
sıra farklı amaçlarla da kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Stevia rebaudiana bitkisinin
tatlandırıcı, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinin derlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır.
Gıdaların Elektriksel Yöntemlerle İşlenmesinde Uygulanan Farklı Frekans ve Dalga Şekillerinin Proses Etkinliği Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: DÖNER Deniz , İÇİER Filiz 
Published: December 2018

Gıda işleme teknolojilerinde, daha
kaliteli ürün eldesi amacıyla minimal işleme yöntemlerinin kullanımı yaygın
hale gelmiştir. Minimal işleme yöntemleri arasında yer alan elektriksel
yöntemler, gıdaların işlenmesinde farklı amaçlarla (kurutma, ekstraksiyon,
pastörizasyon, sterilizasyon, pişirme, çözündürme vb.) uygulanmaktadır.
Elektriksel işlemin etkinliği uygulanan frekans ve dalga tipinden
etkilenmektedir. İşlem için seçilen parametreler, uygulamanın verimi ve ürün
kalitesi üzerine etkili olmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalarda, yüksek
frekans uygulamalarının gıda içerisinde ve elektrot yüzeylerinde meydana gelen
elektrokimyasal reaksiyonları minimize ettiği, farklı dalga tiplerinin ürün
kalitesi üzerine etkisinin olmadığı, ancak kare dalga tipi uygulamasının
elektriksel iletkenlik değerini düşürerek işlem süresini arttırdığı ifade
edilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, gıdaların elektriksel yöntemlerle
işlenmesinde farklı frekans ve dalga tipi uygulamalarının işlem süresi, işlem
verimliliği, ürün kalitesi ve mikroorganizmaların inaktivasyonu üzerine
etkileri incelenmiştir.
Survival of Mycobacterium bovis during forage ensiling
Authors: Grooms Daniel L. , Bolin Steven R. , Plastow Jessica L. , Lim Ailam , Hattey Joseph , Durst Phillip T. , Rust Steven R. , Allen Michael S. , Buskirk Daniel D. , Smith Richard W. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Mycobacterium bovis remains viable in ensiled forages.
SAMPLE Alfalfa, mixed mostly grass, and corn silages.
PROCEDURES For each of 10 sampling days, six 250-g replicate samples of each feedstuff were created and placed in a film pouch that could be vacuum sealed to simulate the ensiling process. Within each set of replicate samples, 4 were inoculated with 10 mL of mycobacterial liquid culture medium containing viable M bovis and 2 were inoculated with 10 mL of sterile mycobacterial liquid culture medium (controls) on day 0. Pouches were vacuum sealed and stored in the dark at room temperature. On the designated sampling day, 1 control pouch was submitted for forage analysis, and the other pouches were opened, and forage samples were obtained for M bovis culture and analysis with a PCR assay immediately and 24 hours later.
RESULTS None of the control samples had positive M bovis culture or PCR assay results. Among M bovis-inoculated samples, the organism was not cultured from alfalfa and corn silage for > 2 days but was cultured from mixed mostly grass silage for 28 days after inoculation and ensiling initiation. Mycobacterium bovis DNA was detected by PCR assay in samples of all 3 feedstuffs throughout the 112-day observation period.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that properly ensiled forages would be an unlikely source for M bovis transmission to cattle. Further research is necessary to determine whether ensiling kills M bovis or forces it to become dormant and, if the latter, elucidate the conditions that cause it to revert to an infectious state.