bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticholinergic/sedative drug burden predicts worse memory acquisition in older racially/ethnically diverse patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Margolis Seth A. , Zughaft Sears Malka , Daiello Lori A. , Solon Carly , Nakhutina Luba , Hoogendoorn Claire J. , Gonzalez Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveAnticholinergic/sedative drug use, measured by the Drug Burden Index (DBI), is linked to cognitive impairment in older adults. Yet, studies on the DBI's association with neuropsychological functioning are lacking, especially in underserved groups at increased risk of cognitive impairment. We examined cross‐sectional relationships between total DBI (DBIT) and an age‐adjusted analogue (Adj DBIT) with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in diverse adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on results of a prior study, we anticipated higher DBIs would be associated with worse memory at older ages.MethodsOne hundred five adults with T2DM (age = 57 ± 9 years, 65% female, 62% Black, 27% Hispanic/Latino, HbA1c = 7.8 ± 1.8) participated. Although memory outcomes were normally distributed, DBIT values were positively skewed. Spearman correlations assessed their bivariate relationships with RBANS. Adjusting for comorbidities, polypharmacy, HbA1c, and education, we tested the moderating effect of age on DBI‐RBANS associations at mean ±1 standard deviations of age.ResultsOne third of the participants endorsed current sedative/anticholinergic use. Mean DBIT was 0.385, and mean Adj DBIT was 0.393 (ranges = 0.00‐4.22). Drug burden negatively correlated with RBANS Immediate Memory (DBIT rs = −0.237, P = .013; Adj DBIT rs = −0.239, P = .014) but no other indices. There was a significant DBI*Age interaction; the negative effect of drug burden on Immediate Memory was significant for ages greater than or equal to 55 years old.ConclusionsSedative/anticholinergic drug exposure was prevalent in these diverse T2DM patients. Adjusting for covariates, greater drug burden was associated with worse memory acquisition among older adults only. Prospective studies should examine these relationships over time and assess whether dementia biomarkers affect the interaction.
Neural traits characterize unconditional cooperators, conditional cooperators, and noncooperators in group‐based cooperation
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas , Dahinden Franziska M. , Gianotti Lorena R. R. , Knoch Daria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContributing to and maintaining public goods are important for a functioning society. In reality, however, we see large variations in contribution behavior. While some individuals are not cooperative, others are highly so. Still others cooperate only to the extent they believe others will. Although these distinct behavioral types clearly have a divergent social impact, the sources of heterogeneity are poorly understood. We used source‐localized resting electroencephalography in combination with a model‐free clustering approach to participants' behavior in the Public Goods Game to explain heterogeneity. Findings revealed that compared to noncooperators, both conditional cooperators and unconditional cooperators are characterized by higher baseline activation in the right temporo‐parietal junction, an area involved in social cognition. Interestingly, conditional cooperators were further characterized by higher baseline activation in the left lateral prefrontal cortex, an area involved in behavioral control. Our findings suggest that conditional cooperators' better capacities for behavioral control enable them to control their propensity to cooperate and thus to minimize the risk of exploitation by noncooperators.
Could the extreme conformality achieved with proton therapy in paranasal sinuses cancers accidentally results in a high rate of leptomeningeal progression?
Authors: Orlandi Ester , Iacovelli Nicola A. , Cavallo Anna , Resteghini Carlo , Gandola Lorenza , Licitra Lisa , Bossi Paolo 
Published: July 2019

See article on page 3736–3736, in this issue
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Transition of Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Pasupuleti Samba Siva Rao , Bihari Chhagan , Rastogi Archana , Singh Pawan Kumar , Naik Vini , Singh Akanksha , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Awinash , Mukund Amar , Mathur R.P. , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) after an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) is known in patients without cirrhosis. We studied the incidence and risk factors for development of CKD in patients with cirrhosis. Competing risk analysis was performed to identify risk factors for CKD development. Of 818 patients with cirrhosis (age, 50.4 ± 11.8 years; 84% males; Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD], 19.9 ± 9.9), 36% had AKI at enrollment, 27% had previous AKI, and 61% developed new episodes of AKI during the follow‐up period. CKD developed in 269 (33%) patients. Serum cystatin C (CysC; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.58; 1.07‐2.33), episodes of previous AKI (SHR, 1.26; 1.02‐1.56), and AKI stage at enrollment (no AKI [SHR, 1] vs. stage 1 [SHR, 3.28; 1.30‐8.25] vs. stage 2 [SHR, 4.33; 1.76‐10.66] vs. stage 3 [SHR, 4.5; 1.59‐12.73]) were identified as baseline risk factors for CKD development. On time‐varying competing risk analysis, MELD (SHR, 1.01; 1.00‐1.03), number of AKI episodes (SHR, 1.25; 1.15‐1.37), and CysC (SHR, 1.38; 1.01‐1.89) predicted CKD development. Development of CKD was associated with higher risk of death. Reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) not meeting CKD criteria was observed in 66% of patients with cirrhosis, more so in those with previous AKI episodes and a high CysC level and MELD score. Renal histology, available in 55 patients, showed tubulointerstitial injury in 86%, cholemic nephrosis in 29%, and glomerular changes in 38%. Conclusion: Almost two‐thirds of patients with cirrhosis develop episodes of AKI and reduction in GFR; one‐third progress to CKD, resulting in adverse outcomes. Higher MELD and CysC levels and number of AKI episodes predict development of CKD in patients with cirrhosis.
Forced convective heat transfer between assemblages of spherical particles and power‐law non‐Newtonian liquids with velocity slip at the interface
Authors: Ramteke Rahul Ramdas , Kishore Nanda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeat transfer from spheres can be influenced by a varying degree of slip at the fluid‐particle interface along with the rheology of the surrounding continuous liquid and adjacent spheres. Thus in this study, the effects of dimensionless velocity slip parameter (λ) along with power‐law fluid rheology and other pertinent kinematic flow and heat transfer parameters on isotherm contours, local and average Nusselt numbers of assemblages of spherical slip particles are presented. This is done by adopting a segregated approach where dimensionless momentum and energy equations are solved by SMAC algorithm formulated in spherical coordinates within the finite difference formulation. Before obtaining new results, grid independence studies for either extreme values of power‐law consistency index of non‐Newtonian fluids are carried out. Finally, the major contribution of this study is the development of a correlative equation for the average Nusselt number of assemblages of spherical slip particles in power‐law fluids based on the present results (5880 data points) as a function of pertinent dimensionless parameters.
Is abortion justified to save the life or health of a woman? Evidence of public opinion from Accra, Ghana
Authors: Rominski Sarah D. , Bell April J. , Yawson Alfred E. , Nakua Emmanuel K. , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we sought to determine to what extent the abortion law in Ghana is reflective of public opinion.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional, community‐based survey, individuals in two fishing communities in Accra were interviewed about their beliefs on abortion between May and July 2016, and sociodemographic, attitudinal, and experience data were collected. Factors associated with the outcome variable (abortion is justified to save the life/health of the woman: Yes/No) were entered into a multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 508 participants completed the survey. Thirty‐nine percent (n=198) of the sample agreed that abortion was justified to save the life/health of the woman, with no significant differences in this finding when controlling for understanding of the law, gender, marital status, or personal experience of abortion in multivariate analysis. Higher education (odds ratio [OR] 1.64 [P<0.001]) and older age (OR 1.28 [P<0.001]) are positively associated with abortion being justified to save life/health, while those who have had an experience of unwanted sex are less likely to believe that (OR 0.60 [P=0.029]).ConclusionThe participants held conservative views about the justification of abortion to save a woman's life and/or health. Improving access to safe abortion services will require acknowledgment of the broader social and cultural context that may make accessing such services difficult.
Endogenous censoring in the mixed proportional hazard model with an application to optimal unemployment insurance
Authors: Szydłowski Arkadiusz 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe examine the sensitivity of estimates of the MPH model with respect to assumptions on the censoring mechanism in the context of an economic model of optimal unemployment insurance. We assume a parametric model for the duration of interest and leave the distribution of censoring unrestricted, allowing it to be correlated with observed and unobserved characteristics. We provide a practical characterization of the identified set with moment inequalities and suggest methods for estimating this set. We apply this approach to estimate the elasticity of unemployment exit rate with respect to unemployment benefit. Finally, we investigate welfare consequences of our estimates.
The within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibility and predictive capacity of the in chemico amino acid derivative reactivity assay: Results of validation study implemented in four participating laboratories
Authors: Fujita Masaharu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Shinichi , Sugawara Tsunetsugu , Wakabayashi Koji , Tahara Yu , Horie Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Keiichi , Kusakari Kei , Kurokawa Yoshihiko , Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Kojima Kohichi , Sozu Takashi , Nakayama Takuto , Kusao Takeru , Richmond Jon , Nicole Kleinstreuer , Kim Bae‐Hwa , Kojima Hajime , Kasahara Toshihiko , Ono Atsushi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) is an in chemico alternative method that focuses on protein binding as the molecular initiating event for skin sensitization. It is a simple and versatile method that has successfully solved some of the problems of the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA). The transferability and within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibility of ADRA were evaluated and confirmed as part of a validation study conducted at four participating laboratories. The transfer of ADRA technology from the lead laboratory to the four participating laboratories was completed successfully during a two‐step training program, after which the skin sensitization potentials of 40 coded chemicals were predicted based on the results of ADRA testing. Within‐laboratories reproducibility was 100% (10 of 10), 100% (10 of 10), 100% (7 of 7) and 90% (9 of 10), or an average of 97.3% (36 of 37); between‐laboratory reproducibility as calculated on the results of three laboratories at the time was 91.9%. The overall predictive capacity comprised an accuracy of 86.9%, sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 98.1%. These results satisfied the targets set by the validation management team for demonstrating transferability, within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibility, and predictive capacity as well as gave a clear indication that ADRA is easily transferable and sufficiently robust to be used in place of DPRA.
Substitution between accruals‐based and real activities earnings management of listed Thai firms
Authors: Khunkaew Rojana , Qingxiang Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the association between accruals earnings management (AEM) and real activities earnings management (REM) based on 1,471 Thai firm observations during 2014–2017. The study follows a modified Jones model and Roychowdhury model to measure AEM and REM and extends the control variables by adding the factors of top management team characteristics. For the investigation, the study performs simultaneous equations and uses both ordinary least‐squares and two‐state least‐square methods to test the regression model. The results demonstrate the negative relationship between AEM and REM which implies that the Thai firms listed use AEM and REM as the substitution method, and the results based on industry groups support the main findings of this study by presenting the negative association between AEM and REM as a different level.
Prenatal and preconception genetic counseling for consanguinity: Consanguineous couples' expectations, experiences, and perspectives
Authors: Thain Emily , Shuman Cheryl , Miller Kristen , Sappleton Karen , Myles‐Reid Diane , Chitayat David , Gibbons Clare 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsanguinity, the union between two individuals who are related as second cousins or closer, is a long‐standing and respected tradition in many communities. Although there are social and economic benefits of consanguineous unions, offspring are at increased risk of having an inherited genetic condition or congenital anomaly. Genetic counseling services for consanguinity are available to couples at many centers. However, little is known about patient expectations of and experiences with genetic counseling for this indication, or their perspectives on genetic screening relevant to family planning, such as expanded carrier screening (ECS). This exploratory qualitative study involved interviews with 13 individuals who had recently received preconception or prenatal genetic counseling for consanguinity at a single center. We sought to gain insight into their expectations for the genetic counseling session, experiences discussing family history and reproductive risks with the genetic counselor, and views on ECS. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an interpretive descriptive approach. Data analysis revealed three main themes: (a) anticipation balances apprehension before the appointment; (b) genetic counseling reduces anxiety and empowers; and (c) the need for wider information dissemination about consanguinity‐related risks and genetic services. Our findings support the personal utility of genetic counseling for consanguinity and demonstrate the need for increased visibility and access to genetics information, counseling, and testing relevant to this patient population.
Equanimity: The somatization of a moral sentiment from the eighteenth to late twentieth century
Authors: Mckay Francis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past 40 years, mindfulness‐based therapies (MBTs) have gained a reputation among the biomedical community for their ability to contribute to health, mental capital, and human flourishing. Recently, however, critical mindfulness scholars have questioned the moral import of MBTs, claiming that, in modernizing meditation, they strip Buddhist practices of their ethical and soteriological content. Inspired by Harrington and Dunne's (2015, p. 630) recent call to historicize this present discontent, I offer an account for this perceived “de‐ethicization” of mindfulness, locating it in a long history of changes in the ontological infrastructures supporting moral reasoning from the eighteenth century onwards. Through the example of equanimity—a virtue that has been a part of Western and Eastern character ethics and theories of flourishing from the ancient period to the modern age—I show how, from the eighteenth century, research in the natural sciences on nervous diseases, stress, and relaxation, provided a frame for rethinking moral equanimity as a somatic experience of physiological calm. This transformation reaches its peak in the late twentieth century in research on mindfulness, which builds upon that tradition by folding into its ambit Eastern conceptions of equanimity as well. Insofar as modern MBTs continue to somatize moral virtues, I argue that they raise questions about the degree to which they are conducive to human flourishing and well‐being, as opposed to the related but narrower notions of health and mental capital.
A Facile One‐pot Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Interesting Pyrazole and Pyrimidinthione via Heterocyclic Interconversion
Authors: Rizk Sameh A. , Shaban Safa 
Published: July 2019

Design and synthesis of new pyrazole, pyrimidinthione, and triazepinthione derivatives via heterocyclic ring opening of azacoumarin were promoted with grinding and ultrasonic reaction conditions. Efficient solventless one‐pot synthesis can be well progressed to afford the good yield of new heterocyclic products that were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, MS, and microanalytical data. Anticancer evaluation for the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good cytotoxicity such as pyrazole derivatives 5, 9, and 14 that displayed best cytotoxic activities with IC50 8.16 ± 1.1, 7.02 ± 0.6, and 5.12 ± 0.41 μg/mL and 9.28 ± 0.7, 6.45 ± 0.9, and 5.85 ± 0.26 μg/mL for MCF‐7 and WI cells, respectively. Pyrimidine derivatives 6, 11, and 15 exhibited strong cytotoxicity with IC50 8.9 ± 0.62, 7.16 ± 0.5, and 7.72 ± 0.41 μg/mL against MCF‐7.
JAK inhibition by methotrexate (and csDMARDs) may explain clinical efficacy as monotherapy and combination therapy
Authors: Gremese Elisa , Alivernini Stefano , Tolusso Barbara , Zeidler Martin P , Ferraccioli Gianfranco 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is recognized as the anchor drug in the algorithm treating chronic arthritis (RA, psoriatic arthritis), as well as a steroid sparing agent in other inflammatory conditions (polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, scleroderma). Its main mechanism of action has been related to the increase in extracellular adenosine, which leads to the effects of A2A receptor in M1 macrophages that dampens TNFα and IL12 production and increases IL1Ra and TNFRp75. By acting on A2B receptor on M2 macrophages it enhances IL10 synthesis and inhibits NF-kB signaling. MTX has also been shown to exert JAK inhibition of JAK2 and JAK1 when tested in Drosophila melanogaster as a model of kinase activity and in human cell lines (nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines). These effects may explain why MTX leads to clinical effects similar to anti-TNFα biologics in monotherapy, but is less effective when compared to anti-IL6R in monotherapy, which acting upstream exerts major effects downstream on the JAK1-STAT3 pathway. The MTX effects on JAK1/JAK2 inhibition also allows to understand why the combination of MTX with Leflunomide, or JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor leads to better clinical outcomes than monotherapy, while the combination with JAK1/JAK2 or JAK1 specific inhibitors does not seem to exert additive clinical benefit.
Clinical course in a patient with myopathic VLCAD deficiency during pregnancy with an affected baby
Authors: Yamada Kenji , Matsubara Keiichi , Matsubara Yuko , Watanabe Asami , Kawakami Sanae , Ochi Fumihiro , Kuwabara Kozue , Mushimoto Yuichi , Kobayashi Hironori , Hasegawa Yuki , Fukuda Seiji , Yamaguchi Seiji , Taketani Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVery long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder that manifests in three clinical forms: (a) severe, (b) milder, and (c) myopathic. Patients with the myopathic form present intermittent muscular symptoms such as myalgia, muscle weakness, and rhabdomyolysis during adolescence or adulthood. Here, the clinical symptoms and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels of a pregnant 31‐year‐old woman with the myopathic form of VLCAD deficiency were reduced during pregnancy. Clinical symptoms rarely appeared during pregnancy, although she had sometimes suffered from muscular symptoms before pregnancy. When ritodrine was administered for threatened premature labor at 35 weeks of gestation, her CK level was elevated to over 3900 IU/L. She delivered a full‐term baby via cesarean section but suffered from muscle weakness with elevated CK levels soon after delivery. It has been reported that an unaffected placenta and fetus can improve maternal β‐oxidation during pregnancy. However, in our case, the baby was also affected by VLCAD deficiency. These suggest that the clinical symptoms of a woman with VLCAD deficiency might be reduced during pregnancy even if the fetus is affected with VLCAD deficiency.
Extent, impact, and predictors of diagnostic delay in Pompe disease: A combined survey approach to unveil the diagnostic odyssey
Authors: Lagler Florian B. , Moder Angelika , Rohrbach Marianne , Hennermann Julia , Mengel Eugen , Gökce Seyfullah , Hundsberger Thomas , Rösler Kai M. , Karabul Nesrin , Huemer Martina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis is of substantial benefit for patients with Pompe disease. Yet underdiagnosing and substantial diagnostic delay are still frequent and the determinants of this are unknown. This study is the first to systematically investigate the diagnostic odyssey in Pompe disease from patients', parents', and physicians' perspectives.MethodsPatients with infantile or late onset Pompe disease, their parents as well as their metabolic experts were invited to fill in respective surveys. The survey addressed perceived disease symptoms at onset and during the course of the disease, specialties of involved physicians, activities of patient‐initiated search for diagnosis and the perceived impact of time to diagnosis on outcome. Results of experts' and patients'/parents' surveys were compared and expressed by descriptive statistics.Results and DiscussionWe collected data on 15 males and 17 females including 9 infantile and 23 late onset Pompe patients. All received the correct diagnosis at a metabolic or musculoskeletal expert center. Patients with direct referral to the expert center had the lowest diagnostic delay, while patients who were seen by several physicians, received the correct diagnosis after 44%‐200% longer delay. The proportion of direct referral varied strongly between pediatricians (57%) and other disciplines (18%‐36%).ConclusionOur study highlights a substantially larger diagnostic delay in Pompe patients that are not directly referred to expert centers for diagnostic work. Our findings may be used to develop more successful strategies for early diagnosis.SynopsisDiagnostic delay in Pompe disease is substantial particularly in patients that are not directly referred to expert centers for diagnostic workup, so facilitating direct referral may be a new strategy for early diagnosis.