bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of local factors causing clustering of animal‐vehicle collisions
Authors: Bartonička Tomáš , Andrášik Richard , Duľa Martin , Sedoník Jiří , Bíl Michal 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTEffective measures reducing risk of animal‐vehicle collisions (AVC) require defining high‐risk locations on roads where AVCs occur. Previous studies examined factors explaining locations of individual AVCs; however, some AVCs can form hotspots (i.e., clusters of AVCs) that can be explained by local factors. We therefore applied a novel kernel density estimation (KDE) method to AVCs for the Czech Republic from October 2006 to December 2011 to identify AVCs hotspots along roads. Our main goal was to identify local factors and their effect on the non‐random (clustered) occurrence of AVCs. The remaining solitary AVCs occurred randomly and are likely induced by other human factors on the global scale. The hotspot identification method followed by the selected data mining methods (KDE+ methods) identified factors causing local clustering of AVCs. Distance from forest (<350 m) or linear vegetation were important factors for estimating presence of clusters of AVCs; in open areas, AVC clusters were absent. Further research on effectiveness of measures reducing risk of AVC should focus on clusters of AVCs, not on the individual AVC. We recommend that state transportation agencies focus mitigation actions in forested areas. © 2018 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife ManagementPublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variants in the PPARGC1A Gene may Influence the Effect of Fat Intake on Resting Metabolic Rate in Obese Women
Authors: Moradi Sajjad , Mirzaei Khadijeh , Maghbooli Zhila , Abdurahman Ahmed A. , Keshavarz Seyed Ali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent studies have shown that dietary intake and genetic variants play a decisive role in the risk of obesity. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the interaction between dietary fat and PPARGC1A polymorphisms on the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR). We enrolled 288 Iranian overweight and obese women in this cross‐sectional study. We sequenced the 648 b.p. DNA in Exon 8 of PPARGC1A gene. We analyzed the two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, namely rs11290186 and rs2970847, in this region. All participants were assessed for RMR, dietary intake, and body composition. This study demonstrated that total cholesterol and insulin levels were positively associated with T allele carriers of rs2970847. Moreover, the A‐deletion allele carrier of the rs11290186 genotype had higher triacylglycerol and insulin concentrations. The current study revealed that, after adjustment for energy intake, the AA genotype of PPARGC1A (rs11290186) had a direct association with polyunsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid intakes. Another important finding in our study was that there was an interaction seen between fat and saturated fatty acids intake with the PPARGC1A genotypes. Women with fat intakes of more than 30% of calorie intake per day and the A‐deletion genotype had a lower RMR and RMR/fat free mass (FFM). It seems that the PPARGC1A polymorphisms lead to the downregulation of insulin signaling and subsequently insulin resistance. In addition, the interactions between the PPARGC1A polymorphisms (rs11290186) and the level of dietary fat intake probably can have an effect on RMR and RMR/FFM in obese women.
Shelah's eventual categoricity conjecture in tame abstract elementary classes with primes
Authors: Vasey Sebastien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new case of Shelah's eventual categoricity conjecture is established:
Let be an abstract elementary class with amalgamation. Write and . Assume that is H2‐tame and has primes over sets of the form . If is categorical in some , then is categorical in all .
The result had previously been established when the stronger locality assumptions of full tameness and shortness are also required. An application of the method of proof of the mentioned result is that Shelah's categoricity conjecture holds in the context of homogeneous model theory (this was known, but our proof gives new cases): If D be a homogeneous diagram in a first‐order theory T and D is categorical in a , then D is categorical in all .
Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes are associated with colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Kamiza Abram B. , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Tang Reiping , Chien Huei‐Tzu , Lai Chih‐Hsiung , Chiu Li‐Ling , Lo Tsai‐Ping , Hung Kuan‐Yi , You Jeng‐Fu , Wang Wen‐Chang , Hsiung Chao A. , Yeh Chih‐Ching 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDNA repair genes are crucial for maintaining genomic stability by preventing mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The present retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating whether MLH1, APEX1, MUTYH, OGG1, NUDT1, XRCC5, XPA, and ERCC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese population with Lynch syndrome.MethodsFrom Amsterdam criteria family registry, we identified 270 patients with Lynch syndrome. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between DNA repair SNPs and CRC were calculated using a weighted Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsHeterozygous variants of rs1799832 in NUDT1 (HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.51–5.83) and rs13181 in ERCC2 (HR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.10–6.55) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC compared with wild‐type homozygous CC and TT genotypes, respectively. However, the variant CG+GG genotype of MUTYH rs3219489 was associated with a decreased risk of CRC (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.91) compared with the homozygous CC wild‐type counterparts.ConclusionOur findings revealed that polymorphisms of DNA repair genes that include NUDT1, ERCC2, and MUTYH are associated with CRC in patients with Lynch syndrome in Chinese population. Further studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
Oral Administration of Edible Seaweed Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame) Modifies Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Rats: A DNA Microarray Analysis
Authors: Yoshinaga Keiko , Nakai Yuji , Izumi Hikari , Nagaosa Kaz , Ishijima Tomoko , Nakano Takahisa , Abe Keiko 
Published: April 2018

ScopeWakame is an edible seaweed that is a common constituent in the Japanese diet. Previous studies showed that wakame consumption is associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects are poorly understood.Methods and resultsTo determine if the expression of hepatic genes is affected by ingestion of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), rats were fed a diet containing 0, 0.1, or 1.0 g per 100 g dried wakame powder for 28 days. Administration of 1% wakame significantly decreased serum total cholesterol levels. Hepatic gene expression was investigated using DNA microarray analysis, and the results showed that wakame suppresses the lipogenic pathway by downregulating SREBF‐1. Moreover, bile acid biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis were promoted by upregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, which leads to a reduction in the accumulation of cholesterol and promotion of β‐oxidation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that wakame ingestion affects glucose and lipid metabolism by altering the expression of SREBF‐1 and PPAR signal‐related genes.
The Endotoxemia Marker Lipopolysaccharide‐Binding Protein is Reduced in Overweight‐Obese Subjects Consuming Pomegranate Extract by Modulating the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: González‐Sarrías Antonio , Romo‐Vaquero María , García‐Villalba Rocío , Cortés‐Martín Adrián , Selma María Victoria , Espín Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2018

ScopeGut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier failure, obesity, metabolic endotoxemia, and pro‐inflammatory status promote cardiovascular risk. However, the modulation of the gut microbiome to prevent endotoxemia in obesity has been scarcely studied. We investigated the association between gut microbiota modulation and plasma lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), a surrogate marker of endotoxemia, in overweight‐obese individuals.Methods and resultsIn a randomized trial, 49 overweight‐obese subjects (body mass index> 27 kg m−2) with mild hypelipidemia daily consumed, in a cross‐over fashion, two doses (D1 and D2, lasting 3 weeks each) of pomegranate extract (PE) or placebo alternating with 3 weeks of wash‐out periods. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) of plasma LBP and a marginal decrease (p = 0.054) of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were observed, but only after PE‐D2 administration (656 mg phenolics). 16S rDNA sequencing analyses revealed the increase of microorganisms important for maintaining normal balance of gut microbiota and gut barrier function, particularly Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Odoribacter, and Butyricimonas. PE‐D2 also decreased pro‐inflammatory microorganisms including Parvimonas, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanosphaera. Remarkably, plasma LBP reduction was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both Faecalibacterium and Odoribacter increase and Parvimonas decrease.ConclusionsConsumption of PE decreased endotoxemia in overweight‐obese individuals by reshaping the gut microbiota, mainly through the modulation of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Parvimonas.
An efficient model to guide prospective T2‐weighted 4D magnetic resonance imaging acquisition
Authors: Du Dongsu , Mutic Sasa , Li H. Harold , Hu Yanle 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo establish a mathematical model to guide prospective T2‐weighted four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) acquisition and to propose an efficient solution to expedite prospective T2‐weighted 4DMRI acquisition.MethodsProspective T2‐weighted 4DMRI acquisition was characterized by a mathematical model with 4DMRI acquisition time as the objective function and completeness of the image set, acquisition timing, image contrast, and image artifacts as constraints. Given the irregular nature of human respiration, an efficient solution based on the greedy strategy (ESGS) was proposed. The efficiency of the ESGS method was validated using healthy human subjects. Comparisons were made with the previous 4DMRI method incorporating the prefixed‐order respiratory state splitting (PO‐RSS) technique.Results4DMRI image sets acquired using the ESGS and PO‐RSS methods had similar image quality. The average time to acquire a 4DMRI image set covering 60 slices at 10 respiratory states was reduced by 30%, from 13.1 min using the PO‐RSS method to 9.0 min using the ESGS method. It was demonstrated that high‐quality T2‐weighted 4DMRI could be obtained within a reasonable amount of time and all slices within each of the three‐dimensional volumes were indeed acquired at the same respiratory state.ConclusionsThe ESGS method substantially reduces the acquisition time for T2‐weighted 4DMRI, making it ready for clinical evaluation to obtain abdominal tumor motion for radiotherapy treatment planning.
Accelerated 3D bSSFP imaging for treatment planning on an MRI‐guided radiotherapy system
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhou Ziwu , Han Fei , Cao Minsong , Shaverdian Narek , Hegde John V. , Bista Biraj B. , Steinberg Michael , Lee Percy , Raldow Ann , Low Daniel A. , Yang Yingli , Hu Peng 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to introduce a compressed sensing and parallel imaging‐combined technique to reduce the acquisition time of planning MRI for MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) systems.Methods and materialsA variable‐density Poisson‐Disk (VDPD) undersampling acquisition along with compressed sensing reconstruction technique was developed and compared with the current planning MR protocol, which uses an optimized balanced steady‐state free precession sequence with 7.5‐fold (7.5×) acceleration achieved by GRAPPA and partial Fourier. The image quality of GRAPPA and VDPD with 7.5× and 15× acceleration was compared with fully sampled images on a phantom. Two volunteers were recruited to compare the in vivo imaging performance. Ten patients with abdominal tumors were scanned using the conventional GRAPPA 7.5× (25 s) and the proposed VDPD 15× (12.5 s) sequences. Three readers scored the two approaches in terms of the quality for organ and tumor delineation. The gross tumor volume (GTV) and two kidneys were contoured. Differences in centroid location and contour volumes, Dice coefficients, and mean distance‐to‐agreement (MDA) between contours draw on the two techniques were calculated. All studies were performed on a 0.35 T MRgRT system.ResultsIn the phantom study, VDPD with 15× acceleration rate had lower noise level than GRAPPA with 7.5× acceleration. In both the phantom and volunteer study, noise amplification was apparent when the acceleration rate was increased from 7.5× to 15× in the GRAPPA acquisition, whereas it was minimally increased using the VDPD approach. In the patient study, no significant difference was found for the scoring and contouring statistics between the two techniques, whereas VDPD only took half the scan time as GRAPPA. Volume difference for the GTV and two kidneys between GRAPPA 7.5× and VDPD 15× was around 7.6%, 1.3%, and 2.8%, respectively; while the Dice index was approximately 0.85, 0.92, and 0.90, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed technique reduced the acquisition time by half and provided comparable or improved image quality than the standard planning MRI protocol.
Label‐free identification of myopathological features with coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Niedieker Daniel , GrosserÜschkamp Frederik , Schreiner Anja , Barkovits Katalin , Kötting Carsten , Marcus Katrin , Gerwert Klaus , Vorgerd Matthias 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was the label‐free identification of distinct myopathological features with coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging, which leaves the sample intact for further analysis. Methods: The protein distribution was determined without labels by CARS at 2,930 cm−1 and was compared with the results of standard histological staining. Results: CARS imaging allowed the visualization of glycogen accumulation in glycogen storage disease type 5 (McArdle disease) and of internal nuclei in centronuclear myopathy. CARS identified an inhomogeneous protein distribution within muscle fibers in sporadic inclusion body myositis that was not shown with standard staining. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, evidence for a higher protein content at the border of hypercontracted fibers was detected. Discussion: CARS enables the label‐free identification of distinct myopathological features, possibly paving the way for subsequent proteomic, metabolic, and genomic analyses. Muscle Nerve 58: 457–460, 2018
Hypothyroidism impairs somatovisceral reflexes involved in micturition of female rabbits
Authors: Sánchez‐García Octavio , López‐Juárez Rhode , Rodríguez‐Castelán Julia , Corona‐Quintanilla Dora L. , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Cuevas‐Romero Estela , Castelán Francisco 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo determine the impact of hypothyroidism on the bladder and urethral functions as well as in the activation of the pubococcygeous (Pcm) and bulbospongiosus (Bsm) during micturition.MethodsAge‐matched control and methimazole‐induced hypothyroid female rabbits were used to simultaneously record cystometrograms, urethral pressure, and the reflex activation of Pcm and Bsm during the induced micturition. Urodynamic and urethral variables were measured. Activation or no activation of the Pcm and Bsm during the storage and voiding phases of micturition were categorized as 1 or 0. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between control and hypothyroid groups were determined with unpaired Student‐t or Mann‐Whitney tests.ResultsOne‐month induced hypothyroidism increased the residual volume and threshold pressure while the opposite was true for the voided volume, maximal pressure, and voiding efficiency. Urethral pressure was also affected as supported by a notorious augmentation of the urethral resistance, among other changes in the rest of measured variables. Hypothyroidism also affected the reflex activation of the Pcm in the voiding phase of micturition.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate hypothyroidism impairs the bladder and, urethral functions, and reflex activation of Pcm and Bsm affecting the micturition in female rabbits.
Autophagy and Its Implications Against Early Full Nutrition Support in Critical Illness
Authors: Van Dyck Lisa , Casaer Michaël P. , Gunst Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe timing, dose, and route of early nutrition support in critically ill patients have been highly controversial for years. Despite the association of a caloric deficit with adverse outcome, several recent large, randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated a prolongation of organ failure and increased muscle weakness with increasing doses of nutrition in the acute phase of critical illness. A potential explanation for the negative impact of early, full feeding on outcome is feeding‐induced suppression of autophagy, a cellular repair process that is necessary to clear intracellular damage. Whether nutrition management in critically ill patients should be guided by its effects on autophagy is a topic of debate. Currently, however, autophagy cannot be monitored in clinical practice. Moreover, clinical management should be guided by high‐quality randomized controlled trials, which currently do not support the use of early full nutrition support.
Serum Levels of Albumin and Prealbumin Do Not Correlate With Nutrient Delivery in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Yeh D. Dante , Johnson Emily , Harrison Tara , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. , Lee Jarone , Fagenholz Peter , Saillant Noelle , Chang Yuchiao , Velmahos George 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSerum albumin and prealbumin levels, may be more strongly associated with inflammation than with nutrient delivery. Their predictive value has not been extensively described in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsWe analyzed a registry of adult surgical ICU patients receiving enteral nutrition. Subjects with at least 1 serum albumin, prealbumin, or C‐reactive protein (CRP) level were included. Demographic, nutrition, and clinical outcome data were collected.ResultsA total 252 subjects were included. A subset had serial measurements: albumin (n = 194), prealbumin (n = 13), CRP (n = 9), white blood cell (WBC) (n = 131), and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (n = 86). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated with all 3 inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, ρ = −0.24, P <0.02; WBC, ρ = −0.15, P <0.001; and NLR, ρ = −0.26, P < 0.001). Change in serum albumin level was inversely correlated with change in NLR (ρ = −0.22, P = 0.044) but not with CRP or WBC. Admission serum albumin level was significantly higher in nourished vs. moderately and/or severely malnourished patients (3.2 [2.7–3.7] vs. 2.7 [2.3–3.0], P = 0.004). Admission serum prealbumin level was significantly higher in nourished vs. moderately and/or severely malnourished patients (9 [7–12] vs. 4 [3–5], P = 0.001). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated with Charlson Comorbidity Index (ρ = 0.20, P = 0.001). Calorie and/or protein delivery in the ICU was not correlated with changes in serum albumin or prealbumin levels.ConclusionsIn the ICU, initial serum albumin levels and serial trends are inversely correlated with inflammation. Although initial serum albumin levels are reflective of baseline nutrition status, neither serum albumin level nor serum prealbumin level trends correlate with calorie or protein deficits and should not be used to assess adequacy of nutrition delivery.
Integrating new knowledge into practice: An evaluation study on a continuing education for Swedish child health nurses on non‐synostotic plagiocephaly
Authors: Lennartsson Freda , Nordin Per , Ahlberg Beth Maina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess what knowledge on non‐synostotic plagiocephaly prevention and reversal intervention and control group nurses imparted to parents and parents integrated in infant care.DesignA group of nurses participated in a continuing education on non‐synostotic plagiocephaly in one‐to‐one or small group sessions at their workplace and received guidelines to follow. An evaluation was conducted with 35 intervention group and 15 control group nurses by asking them two open‐ended questions 1 year later; 181 intervention group and 90 control group parents were also asked two open‐ended questions and to rate their infant's head shape.MethodsData were collected during the year 2013. Qualitative content analysis and case‐by‐case analysis were conducted using a process‐oriented approach.ResultsIntervention group nurses imparted both regular and newly introduced knowledge on positioning strategies to parents. Intervention group parents who perceived severe cranial asymmetry when infants were 3–4 months old reported implementing regular and new infant positioning recommendations.
Trend‐Analysis of Solid‐State Structures: Low‐Energy Conformational ‘Reactions’ Involving Directed and Coupled Movements in Half‐Sandwich Compounds [CpFe(CO){C(=O)R}PPh3]
Authors: Brunner Henri , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are Prof. Dr. Henri Brunner from the University of Regensburg (Germany) and Prof. Dr. Takashi Tsuno from Nihon University (Japan). The cover picture shows the conformational reaction of JIDLUD→FIHTUL. The order of sample points of solid‐state structures reveals information concerning low‐energy, directed, and coupled movements in molecules. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201800007.
Inequality in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration and risk of obesity in children: a 12‐country study
Authors: Chaput J.‐P. , Barnes J. D. , Tremblay M. S. , Fogelholm M. , Hu G. , Lambert E. V. , Maher C. , Maia J. , Olds T. , Onywera V. , Sarmiento O. L. , Standage M. , Tudor‐Locke C. , Katzmarzyk P. T. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObjectiveStudies examining associations between movement behaviours (i.e. physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep duration) and obesity focus on average values of these movement behaviours, despite important within‐country and between‐country variability. A better understanding of movement behaviour inequalities is important for developing public health policies and behaviour‐change interventions. The objective of this ecologic analysis at the country level was to determine if inequality in movement behaviours is a better correlate of obesity than average movement behaviour volume in children from all inhabited continents of the world.MethodsThis multinational, cross‐sectional study included 6,128 children 9–11 years of age. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time (SED) and sleep period time were monitored over 7 consecutive days using waist‐worn accelerometry. Screen time was self‐reported. Inequality in movement behaviours was determined using Gini coefficients (ranging from 0 [complete equality] to 1 [complete inequality]).ResultsThe largest inequality in movement behaviours was observed for screen time (Gini of 0.32; medium inequality), followed by MVPA (Gini of 0.21; low inequality), SED (Gini of 0.07; low inequality) and sleep period time (Gini of 0.05; low inequality). Average MVPA (h d−1) was a better correlate of obesity than MVPA inequality (r = −0.77 vs. r = 0.00, p = 0.03). Average SED (h d−1) was also a better correlate of obesity than SED inequality (r = 0.52 vs. r = −0.32, p = 0.05). Differences in associations for screen time and sleep period time were not statistically significant. MVPA in girls was found to be disproportionally lower in countries with more MVPA inequality.ConclusionsFindings from this study show that average MVPA and SED should continue to be used in population health studies of children as they are better correlates of obesity than inequality in these behaviours. Moreover, the findings suggest that MVPA inequality could be greatly reduced through increases in girls' MVPA alone.