bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients Undergoing Shoulder Stabilization Procedures Do Not Accurately Recall Their Preoperative Symptoms at Short- to Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Hope Danielle , French Jacqui , Pizzari Tania , Hoy Greg , Barwood Shane 
Published: June 2019

Background: A patient’s ability to recall symptoms is poor in some elderly populations, but we considered that the recall of younger patients may be more accurate. The accuracy of recall in younger patients after surgery has not been reported to date. Purpose: To assess younger patients’ abilities to recall their preoperative symptoms after having undergone shoulder stabilization surgery. We used 2 disease-specific, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)—the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS)—at a period of up to 2 years postoperatively. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Participants (N = 119) were stratified into 2 groups: early recall (at 6-8 months postoperatively; n = 58) and late recall (at 9-24 months postoperatively; n = 61). All patients completed the PROMs with instructions to recall preoperative function. The mean and absolute differences between the preoperative scores and recalled scores for each PROM were compared using paired t tests. Correlations between the actual and recalled scores of the subsections for each PROM were calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The number of individuals who recalled within the minimal detectable change (MDC) of each PROM was calculated. Results: Comparison between the means of the actual and recalled preoperative scores for both groups did not demonstrate significant differences (early recall differences, MISS 1.05 and WOSI –38.64; late recall differences, MISS –0.25 and WOSI –24.02). Evaluation of the absolute difference, however, revealed a significant difference between actual and recalled scores for both the late and early groups (early recall absolute differences, MISS 12.26 and WOSI 216.71; late recall absolute differences, MISS 12.84 and WOSI 290.08). Average absolute differences were above the MDC scores of both PROMs at both time points. Subsections of each PROM demonstrated weak to moderate correlations between actual and recalled scores (ICC range, 0.17-0.61). Total scores for the PROMs reached moderate agreement between actual and recalled scores. Conclusion: Individual recall after shoulder instability surgery was not accurate. However, the mean recalled PROM scores of each group were not significantly different from the actual scores collected preoperatively, and recall did not deteriorate significantly over 2 years. This suggests that recall of the individual, even in this younger group, cannot be considered accurate for research purposes.
Clinical impact of digital cholangioscopy in management of indeterminate biliary strictures and complex biliary stones: a single-center study
Authors: Yan Stephanie , Tejaswi Sooraj 
Published: June 2019

Aims: Endoscopic management of indeterminate strictures and complex stones remains a challenge, for which the latest generation single-operator digital cholangioscope (SpyGlass DS) has shown promising results. We aimed to study the clinical impact of single-operator digital cholangioscope at our tertiary academic center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all digital cholangioscopies performed from June 2015 to May 2018. Patient characteristics, procedure characteristics, and post-procedural patient outcomes were recorded. Results: A total of 50 patients (26 men, average age 61.4 years) underwent 67 procedures. Indications were biliary stones (21/50, 42%), strictures and primary sclerosing cholangitis surveillance (22/50, 46%), and miscellaneous (7/50, 14%). The average procedure time was 82 ± 29 min (99.5 min for stones and 74.2 min for strictures). Stone clearance was achieved in 19/21 (90.47%) cases, with electrohydraulic lithotripsy employed in 16/21 and repeat cholangioscopy necessary in 9/21. Malignant strictures (10) were differentiated from benign (12) in all cases both in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (9) and in those without (13), based on visual cholangioscopic features (sensitivity and specificity 100%), single-operator digital cholangioscope–directed biopsies (sensitivity 60% and specificity 100%), and brush cytology (sensitivity 37.5% and specificity 100%). Complications included one post-sphincterotomy bleeding and one post-procedural cholangitis despite antibiotic prophylaxis, but no procedure-related mortality. Conclusion: Single-operator digital cholangioscope had a high success rate and a low rate of complications for management of indeterminate strictures and difficult biliary stones. Visual cholangioscopic features of biliary strictures had excellent diagnostic accuracy, and targeted biopsies outperformed brush cytology. Early implementation of cholangioscopy for select indications leads to successful patient outcomes and reduces diagnostic delays, cost, and risks of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies.
On low frequencies emitted by air guns at very shallow depths — An experimental study
Authors: Wehner Daniel , Landrø Martin , Amundsen Lasse 
Published: June 2019

In marine seismic acquisition, the enhancement of frequency amplitudes below 5 Hz is of special interest because it improves imaging of the subsurface. The frequency content of the air gun, the most commonly used marine seismic source, is mainly controlled by its depth and the volume. Although the depth dependency on frequencies greater than 5 Hz has been thoroughly investigated, for frequencies less than 5 Hz it is less understood. However, recent results suggest that sources fired very close to the sea surface might enhance these very low frequencies. Therefore, we conduct dedicated tank experiments to investigate the changes of the source signal for very shallow sources in more detail. A small-volume air gun is fired at different distances from the water-air interface, including depths for which the air bubble bursts directly into the surrounding air. The variations of the oscillating bubble and surface disturbances, which can cause changes of the reflected signal from the sea surface, are explored to determine whether an increased frequency signal below 5 Hz can be achieved from very shallow air guns. The results are compared with field measurements of a large-volume air gun fired close to the sea surface. The results reveal an increased signal for frequencies below 5 Hz of up to 10 and 20 dB for the tank and field experiments, respectively, for the source depth at which the air gun bubble bursts directly into the surrounding air. For large-volume air guns, an increased low-frequency signal might also be achieved for sources that are slightly deeper than this bursting depth. From these observations, new design considerations in the geometry of air-gun arrays in marine seismic acquisition are suggested.
The RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 Regulates GnRH Receptor Expression and the Response to GnRH
Authors: Terasaka Tomohiro , Kim Taeshin , Dave Hiral , Gangapurkar Bhakti , Nicholas Dequina A , Muñoz Oscar , Terasaka Eri , Li Danmei , Lawson Mark A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGonadotropin secretion, which is elicited by GnRH stimulation of the anterior pituitary gonadotropes, is a critical feature of reproductive control and the maintenance of fertility. In addition, activation of the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) regulates transcription and translation of multiple factors that regulate the signaling response and synthesis of gonadotropins. GnRH stimulation results in a broad redistribution of mRNA between active and inactive polyribosomes within the cell, but the mechanism of redistribution is not known. The RNA-binding protein embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 1 (ELAVL1) binds to AU-rich elements in mRNA and is one of the most abundant mRNA-binding proteins in eukaryotic cells. It is known to serve as a core component of RNA-binding complexes that direct the fate of mRNA. In LβT2 gonadotropes, we showed that ELAVL1 binds to multiple mRNAs encoding factors that are crucial for gonadotropin synthesis and release. Association with some mRNAs is GnRH sensitive but does not correlate with abundance of binding. We also showed MAPK-dependent changes in intracellular localization of ELAVL1 in response to GnRH stimulation. Knockdown of ELAVL1 gene expression resulted in reduced Lhb and Gnrhr mRNA levels, reduced cell surface expression of GnRHR, and reduced LH secretion in response to GnRH stimulation. Overall, these observations not only support the role of ELAVL1 in GnRHR-mediated regulation of gene expression and LH secretion but also indicate that other factors may contribute to the precise fate of mRNA in response to GnRH stimulation of gonadotropes.
Effect of Prebiotic on Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ho Josephine , Nicolucci Alissa C , Virtanen Heidi , Schick Alana , Meddings Jon , Reimer Raylene A , Huang Carol 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower microbiota diversity and distinct gut microbial profiles that have been linked to changes in intestinal permeability. Prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates that alter gut microbiota and could potentially improve glycemic control and reduce intestinal permeability and thereby insulin sensitivity.

Objective
To determine the effect of prebiotics on glycemic control, gut microbiota, and intestinal permeability in children with T1D.

Design
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in children 8 to 17 years of age with T1D using placebo or prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin for 12 weeks. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments included HbA1c, C-peptide, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and severe hypoglycemia.

Results
Forty-three subjects were randomized and 38 completed the study. The groups were similar at baseline: prebiotic (N = 17), age 12.5 years (SD of 2.8), HbA1c 8.02% (SD of 0.82); placebo (N = 21), age 12.0 years (SD of 2.6), HbA1c 8.08% (SD of 0.91). No significant differences were found in the frequency of DKA or severe hypoglycemia. At 3-months, C-peptide was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group who received prebiotics, which was accompanied by a modest improvement in intestinal permeability (P = 0.076). There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium within the prebiotic group at 3 months that was no longer present after the 3-month washout. The placebo group had significantly higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Roseburia inulinivorans, Terrisporobacter, and Faecalitalea compared with the prebiotic group at 3 months.

Conclusion
Prebiotics are a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for T1D that may improve glycemic control. Further larger-scale trials are needed.
The maternal-to-zygotic transition revisited
Authors: Vastenhouw Nadine L. , Cao Wen Xi , Lipshitz Howard D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe development of animal embryos is initially directed by maternal gene products. Then, during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), developmental control is handed to the zygotic genome. Extensive research in both vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms has revealed that the MZT can be subdivided into two phases, during which very different modes of gene regulation are implemented: initially, regulation is exclusively post-transcriptional and post-translational, following which gradual activation of the zygotic genome leads to predominance of transcriptional regulation. These changes in the gene expression program of embryos are precisely controlled and highly interconnected. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie handover of developmental control during the MZT.
Development of Atroposelective Antibodies by Immunization with a Racemic Mixture of Binaphthyl Derivatives
Authors: Adachi Takuma , Harada Akira , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The design and creation of chiral recognition elements are important for the synthesis, separation, and detection of chiral molecules. We prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are chemically homogeneous antibodies, as tailored chiral recognition elements by immunizing mice with a racemic mixture of a binaphthyl derivative (BN (rac)) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Immunization with BN (rac) induces an immunoresponse that is as strong as that with enantiomerically pure antigens and yields mAbs for each enantiomer of BN, simultaneously. Notably, one of the mAbs prepared by immunization with BN (rac) recognizes the axial chirality of the BN enantiomer with a 14000-fold difference in affinity. These findings provide a strategy to obtain atroposelective antibodies for each enantiomer of BN with a single immunization. mAbs also recognize the axial chirality of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) and 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogen phosphate (BNPA), which are an important chiral building block and a chiral organic catalyst, respectively. The cross reactivity of mAbs for the partial structure of BN is significantly low. Therefore, mAbs recognize the axial chirality of BN, BINOL, and BNPA by binding their binaphthyl moiety.
Measuring bias, burden and conservatism in research funding processes
Authors: Guthrie Susan , Rodriguez Rincon Daniela , McInroy Gordon , Ioppolo Becky , Gunashekar Salil 
Published: June 2019

Background: Grant funding allocation is a complex process that in most cases relies on peer review. A recent study identified a number of challenges associated with the use of peer review in the evaluation of grant proposals. Three important issues identified were bias, burden, and conservatism, and the work concluded that further experimentation and measurement is needed to assess the performance of funding processes. Methods: We have conducted a review of international practice in the evaluation and improvement of grant funding processes in relation to bias, burden and conservatism, based on a rapid evidence assessment and interviews with research funding agencies. Results: The evidence gathered suggests that efforts so far to measure these characteristics systematically by funders have been limited. However, there are some examples of measures and approaches which could be developed and more widely applied. Conclusions: The majority of the literature focuses primarily on the application and assessment process, whereas burden, bias and conservatism can emerge as challenges at many wider stages in the development and implementation of a grant funding scheme. In response to this we set out a wider conceptualisation of the ways in which this could emerge across the funding process.
Demarcation of Levees in Irrigated Rice Fields: Laser Technology vs. GNSS-RTK
Authors: Bueno Marcos Valle , de Campos Alexssandra Dayane Soares , da Silva Jaqueline Trombetta , Faria Lessandro Coll , Terra Fabrício da Silva , Parfitt Jose Maria Barbat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Levees are small land dikes made every rice-cultivation season that allow for flood irrigation in rice fields. Currently, levees are demarcated by utilizing a laser technology (LT) system. However, with current technological advances, the demarcation of levees with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and real-time kinematics (RTK) correction has been highlighted in rice production systems in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare the performance between LT and GNSS-RTK systems applied in the demarcation of levees that are used in flooded rice fields. To this end, an experimental area of approximately 27 ha located in Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was used. From a digital elevation model, the area was subdivided into three subareas according to the mean slope: flat (0.16%), intermediate (0.36%), and gently undulated (1.3%). The total length of the levees for the three subareas was 8 km. The relative performances of both demarcation systems were evaluated by analyzing the vertical and horizontal behavior of the levees and the water layer spatial distribution. The results indicated that the demarcation of levees by GNSS-RTK systems is more accurate than that by the LT system, especially in flat areas. In these areas, the GNSS-RTK demarcation system permits a reduction in the total number of levees, as well as an increase in the vertical equidistance between levees and/or an increase in the height of the levee itself. The length of the levee is shorter than in a demarcation using the GNSS-RTK system. Keywords: Contour line, Irrigation, Lowlands, Precision agriculture.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Newly Developed Wireless Temperature and Moisture Sensor for Rice under Various Levels of Temperature, Moisture Content, and Dockage
Authors: Luthra Kaushik , Shafiekhani Soraya , Stephens Brandon , Sadaka Sammy , Atungulu Griffiths G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Monitoring on-farm, in-bin natural air drying process of rice is critical to achieve optimum milled rice quality, milling yields, and maximize profits to growers and processors. Engineering tools such as temperature/humidity cables with sensors for grain condition monitoring, and mobile applications have emerged to provide significant improvements in quality control and automation of the drying process. This research seeks to improve the performance of a recently developed, novel wireless probe for sensing temperature and moisture content of rice. The specific objective is to test the accuracy and precision of the measurements over a wide range of rice temperature (20°C to 60°C), moisture content (13% to 25% wet basis), and dockage levels (0 to 10% by weight). Wireless probes designed and built in collaboration with Deacon Technologies LLC were used in this study. The probes were calibrated against thermocouple readings for temperature measurements and standard oven method measurements for moisture content. Experiments were performed in triplicates using three different probes and three metal containers with rice samples to check the accuracy of the probes and to determine the variability amongst different probes. The probes were accurate due to the strong regressions found between the measured and true values of temperature and moisture content. The ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant difference within different probes both for temperature (p = 0.17) and moisture content (p = 0.48) measurements. Calibration equations were developed to further reduce the variance in the probe measurements. Both for temperature and moisture content measurements, the calibration equation coefficients were statistically significant with positive slopes and small standard errors (less than 0.5). Thus, these probes could be handy for on-farm in-bin rice temperature and moisture monitoring; with the merits of portability, easy set-up and tear down, low initial and maintenance cost, and precise and accurate measurements. Keywords: Calibration, Dockage, Moisture content, On-farm in-bin drying, Rough rice, Temperature, Wireless probe.
Physical and Thermal Properties of Chia, Kañiwa, Triticale, and Farro Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content
Authors: Suleiman Rashid , Xie Kun , Rosentrater Kurt A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract.The knowledge of physical and thermal properties in cereals, grains, and oilseeds establishes an essential engineering tool for the design of equipment, storage structures, and processes. The physical properties and thermal properties for Chia, Kañiwa, Farro, and Triticale grains were investigated at three levels of moisture content: 10%, 15%, and 20% (d.b.). Physical properties included 1000-seed weight, dimensions, mean diameters, surface area, volume, sphericity, and aspect ratio. Results indicated 1000-seed weight increased linearly with moisture content from 2.0 to 3.5 g for chia, 2.5 to 4.0 g for kañiwa, 42.7 to 48.3 g for farro, and 51.0 to 53.7 g for triticale. The porosity for farro and triticale increased from 38.71% to 44.1%, 40.37% to 44.65%, respectively, as moisture increased. Angle of repose increased as moisture content increased, as did values of L, a*, and b* for all grains. Thermal properties of kañiwa, farro, and triticale showed high correlation to moisture content. A negative relationship was observed for the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, while the thermal diffusivity had a positive linear increase trend with moisture content. This study showed that physical and thermal properties varied from grain to grain as a function of moisture content, and these data will be useful for future application development. Keywords: Chia, Farro, Grains, Kañiwa, Moisture, Physical properties, Thermal properties, Triticale.
Monotonicity formulas for coupled elliptic gradient systems with applications
Authors: Fazly Mostafa , Shahgholian Henrik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsider the following coupled elliptic system of equations$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle (-{\it\Delta})^s u_i = (u^2_1+\cdots+u^2_m)^{\frac{p-1}{2}} u_i \quad \text{in} ~~ \mathbb{R}^n , \end{array}$$where 0 <s≤ 2,p> 1,m≥ 1,u=$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle (u_i)_{i=1}^m \end{array}$andui: ℝn→ ℝ. The qualitative behavior of solutions of the above system has been studied from various perspectives in the literature including the free boundary problems and the classification of solutions. For the case of local scalar equation, that is whenm= 1 ands= 1, Gidas and Spruck in [26] and later Caffarelli, Gidas and Spruck in [6] provided the classification of solutions for Sobolev sub-critical and critical exponents. More recently, for the case of local system of equations that is whenm≥ 1 ands= 1 a similar classification result is given by Druet, Hebey and Vétois in [17] and references therein. In this paper, we derive monotonicity formulae for entire solutions of the above local, whens= 1, 2, and nonlocal, when 0 <s< 1 and 1 <s< 2, system. These monotonicity formulae are of great interests due to the fact that a counterpart of the celebrated monotonicity formula of Alt-Caffarelli-Friedman [1] seems to be challenging to derive for system of equations. Then, we apply these formulae to give a classification of finite Morse index solutions. In the end, we provide an open problem in regards to monotonicity formulae for Lane-Emden systems.
CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype
Authors: De Paolis Elisa , Scaglione Giovanni Luca , De Bonis Maria , Minucci Angelo , Capoluongo Ettore 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene, involved in vitamin D catabolism and in calcium homeostasis, are known to be the genetic drivers of both idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult renal stone disease. Recently, also defects in the SLC34A1 gene, encoding for the renal sodium-phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa, were associated with the disease. IIH typically affects infants and pediatric patients with a syndrome characterized by severe hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, suppressed parathyroid hormone level and nephrolithiasis. In SLC34A1 mutated carriers, hypophosphatemia is also a typical biochemical tract. IIH may also persist undiagnosed into adulthood, causing an increased risk of nephrocalcinosis and renal complication. To note, a clinical heterogeneity characterizes IIH manifestation, principally due to the controversial gene-dose effect and, to the strong influence of environmental factors. The present review is aimed to provide an overview of the current molecular findings on the IIH disorder, giving a comprehensive description of the association between genotype and biochemical and clinical phenotype of the affected patients. We also underline that patients may benefit from genetic testing into a targeted diagnostic and therapeutic workflow.