bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readmission after Adult Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A Population‐Based Inpatient Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Ying‐Shuo , Hsu Wei‐Chung , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Yeh Te‐Huei , Lee Chia‐Hsuan , Kang Kun‐Tai 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate readmissions among adult inpatients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in Taiwan.DesignPopulation‐based survey.SettingRetrospective study with the National Health Insurance Database.MethodsAll cases of inpatient adult UPPP (age >20 years) from 1997 to 2012 were identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Factors associated with readmission within 30 days after surgery were analyzed.ResultsA total of 38,839 adults with UPPP were identified (mean age, 39.3 years; men, 73.7%). The incidence of UPPP was 14.6 per 100 000 adults, which increased from 1997 to 2012 (6.7 to 16.7 per 100,000, Ptrend <. 001). The rates of readmission for any reason, readmission for bleeding, reoperation for bleeding, and 30‐day mortality were 4.2%, 1.7%, 1.0%, and 0.14%, respectively. Young age increased the risk of reoperation for bleeding, and old age increased the risk of readmission for any reason and mortality. Men had an increased risk of readmission and reoperation. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of readmission for any reason (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.51), bleeding‐related readmission (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.52‐2.36), and reoperation (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.84‐3.30). Concurrent hypopharyngeal surgery was associated with an increased risk of readmission for any reason (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.66) and bleeding‐related readmission (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25‐2.27). Finally, the use of steroids was associated with an increased risk of bleeding‐related readmission and reoperation.ConclusionsThe incidence of adult UPPP increased from 1997 to 2012 in Taiwan. Age, sex, comorbidity, concurrent hypopharyngeal surgery, and drug administration were associated with readmission after inpatient UPPP.
Regulation of capillary tubules and lipid formation in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages via extracellular vesicle-mediated microRNA-4306 transfer
Authors: Yang Ying , Luo Hui , Zhou Can , Zhang Rongyi , Liu Si , Zhu Xiao , Ke Sha , Liu Hui , Lu Zhan , Chen Mao 
Published: November 2018

Objective This study aimed to examine regulation of capillary tubules and lipid formation in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages via extracellular vesicle-mediated microRNA (miRNA)-4306 transfer Methods Whole blood samples (12 mL) were collected from 53 patients, and miR-4306 levels in extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Human coronary artery vascular endothelial cells (HCAECs) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were transfected with a scrambled oligonucleotide, an miR-4306 mimic, or an anti-miR-4306 inhibitor. The direct effect of miR-4306 on the target gene was analyzed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results EV-contained miR-4306 released from HMDMs was significantly upregulated in coronary artery disease. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated HMDM-derived EVs inhibited proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis abilities of HCAECs in vitro. However, ox-LDL-stimulated HCAEC-derived EVs enhanced lipid formation of HMDMs. The possible mechanism of these findings was partly due to EV-mediated miR-4306 upregulation of the Akt/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusions Paracrine cellular crosstalk between HCAECs and HMDMs probably supports the pro-atherosclerotic effects of EVs under ox-LDL stress.
Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Borderline Developmental Dysplastic Hips: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ding Zheci , Sun Yaying , Liu Shaohua , Chen Jiwu 
Published: November 2018

Background: It remains controversial whether hip arthroscopic surgery should be applied to patients with a borderline developmental dysplastic hip (BDDH). Purpose: To review the outcomes of hip arthroscopic surgery for a BDDH and which factors influence these outcomes. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2018 for studies reporting the outcomes of primary hip arthroscopic surgery in patients with a BDDH. Inclusion in the review was based on the definition of a BDDH, patient-reported outcomes, and duration of follow-up. The primary outcome was the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). The failure rate, visual analog scale, satisfaction score, and patient-reported outcomes such as the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were defined as secondary outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 425 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery were included in this review. The mean follow-up times ranged from 25.4 to 28.8 months across the studies. A significant improvement was obtained in the mHHS, with a mean score of 61.8 preoperatively to 82.8 postoperatively; all other patient-reported outcomes also improved significantly, except the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey mental component summary. The overall failure rate was 14.1%, and the mean reoperation rate was 8.5%. The rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty ranged from 4.4% to 26.0%, and the rate of conversion to periacetabular osteotomy was 4.0%. Combined defects such as cartilage damage, hip osteoarthritis, ligamentum teres tears, and femoroacetabular impingement could influence the outcomes after arthroscopic surgery in BDDHs. Conclusion: Hip arthroscopic surgery was demonstrated to be a promising approach for BDDHs, but the outcomes could be influenced by multiple risk factors. A higher level of evidence is still needed to support current findings.
Predictors of Response and Remission to Antidepressants in Geriatric Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masse-Sibille Caroline , Djamila Bennabi , Julie Giustiniani , Emmanuel Haffen , Pierre Vandel , Gilles Chopard 
Published: November 2018

Background: Geriatric depression is a heterogeneous disorder that increases morbidity and mortality in a population that is already vulnerable. Predicting response and remission to antidepressants could help clinicians to optimize the management of antidepressants and reduce the consequences of depression. Method: The aim of this article is to present results of a systematic review of the literature on predictive factors related to antidepressant response and remission in older adults with depression. Main Findings: We identified sociodemographic, clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and genetic factors that could be potential predictors of outcomes. Inconsistent findings and methodological differences among studies, however, limit the generalizability and application of these predictors in clinical practice. The results of our review confirm that geriatric depression includes many subgroups of patients with particular endophenotypes that may influence the course of depression. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to characterize depression subgroups in order to better understand the pathophysiology of late life depression and to find specific predictors for each group of patients.
Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation in Alzheimer Disease: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Germain Sophie , Wojtasik Vinciane , Lekeu Françoise , Quittre Anne , Olivier Catherine , Godichard Vinciane , Salmon Eric 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The benefit of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) for patients with early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) remains difficult to assess. Method: An observational, prospective study was conducted in a sample of 52 patients with AD included in a clinical, individualized CR program. Cognitive rehabilitation consisted of 1 weekly session during 3 months at home, followed by 1 monthly contact for 9 months. Rehabilitation techniques were used by experienced therapists to adapt activities important for the patient. Evaluation of patient’s dependence in activities and objective and subjective caregiver’s burden was performed with a research quantitative scale immediately after the intervention and at 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Results: Analyses with repeated measure analysis of variance showed decreased patient’s dependence for adapted activities at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Objective and subjective percentage of caregiver’s burden was also decreased at all evaluations with our research functional scale, while there was no change on Zarit’s burden scale. Global cognition slightly decreased over 1 year. Conclusions: This observational study in a clinical setting is in line with the benefit of CR for patients with mild AD reported in recent randomized controlled trials. The benefit obtained for adapted activities remained after 1 year, even if global cognition declined. Moreover caregiver’s burden related to all individually relevant daily activities (from a list of 98) evaluated within the CR program was decreased after 1 year. Those preliminary results emphasize the importance of choice for the measurement instrument to report CR efficacy and claim for further validation of such tools.
Novel viruses: Update on the significance of papillomavirus infections in cats
Authors: Munday John S , Sharp Claire R , Beatty Julia A 
Published: November 2018

Practical relevance: Prior to 1990 papillomaviruses (PVs) were not recognised to infect or cause disease in domestic cats. Since this time, the use of histology, immunohistochemistry and, more recently, molecular techniques has revealed that PVs almost certainly cause feline viral plaques and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas, oral papillomas and feline sarcoids. In addition, there is increasing evidence that PVs play a significant role in the development of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, one of the most common skin cancers of cats. Recent studies have also revealed that most cats are asymptomatically infected with PVs. This raises a critical question that is currently unanswered: why do only a small proportion of infected cats develop disease? In the future it may be possible to prevent PV-induced diseases by using a vaccine to prevent PV infection. Alternatively, novel therapies may be developed that prevent PVs from causing clinical disease by stimulating the host immune response. Clinical challenges: A recognition of the skin diseases caused by PVs is important to more accurately predict disease progression. Unfortunately, there are currently no non-surgical treatments that have been proven to be beneficial in cats and clinical management of PV-induced skin disease in cats can be challenging. Global importance: PVs have a worldwide distribution and negatively impact feline health and welfare globally. Audience: This review is aimed at clinicians, especially those who regularly treat cats with skin disease. The review will also be useful to oncologists and researchers who have an interest in how cancer develops in cats. Evidence base: In producing this update the authors have drawn on recently published peer-reviewed literature.
Transfusion rates with intravenous tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty performed using the direct anterior approach
Authors: Free Matthew D , Owen David H , Pascoe Edward , Allen Penny , Yang Luke , Harvie Paul 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Most studies have focused on TXA in THA performed using a posterior approach (PA) or lateral approach. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of TXA in patients undergoing THA using the direct anterior approach (DAA). Patients and methods: Using our institutional database, a retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive primary THA performed for osteoarthritis to determine transfusion rates in patients undergoing THA with the DAA with and without TXA. Results: 146 consecutive THA were performed using DAA: 83 (56.8%) patients had TXA and 63 (43.2%) did not have TXA. Among patients who had TXA, 1 patient required a blood transfusion compared to 7 patients among those who did not have TXA (1.2% vs. 11.12%, p = 0.02). The relative risk of 0.11 (95% confidence interval 0.01–0.86) indicates an 89% reduction in the risk of requiring blood transfusion with TXA administration compared to no TXA. Conclusion: TXA is effective in reducing blood transfusion requirements for patients undergoing DAA THA.
Metal ion concentrations after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty are not correlated with habitual physical activity levels
Authors: Jelsma Jetse , Schotanus Martijn GM , Senden Rachel , Heyligers Ide C , Grimm Bernd 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties have shown high clinical failure rates with many patients at risk for a revision and under surveillance for high metal ion concentrations. Implant wear releasing such ions is assumed to be a function of use, i.e. the patient’s physical activity. This study aimed to assess whether habitual physical activity levels of MoM patients are correlated with metal ion concentrations and are higher in patients with high (at risk) than in patients with low (safe) metal ion concentrations. Methods: A cohort study was conducted of patients with any type of MoM hip prosthesis. Metal ion concentrations were determined using ICP-MS. Habitual physical activity of subjects was measured in daily living using an acceleration-based activity monitor. Outcome consisted of quantitative and qualitative activity parameters. Results: In total, 62 patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 60.8 ± 9.3 years and follow-up was 6.3 ± 1.4 years. Cobalt concentrations were highly elevated overall (112.4 ± 137.9 nmol/L) and significantly more in bilateral (184.8 ± 106.5 nmol/L) than in unilateral cases (87.8 ± 139.4 nmol/L). No correlations were found between physical activity parameters and metal ion concentrations. Subgroup analysis of patients with low versus high cobalt concentration showed no significant differences in habitual physical activity. Discussion: No correlation was found between physical activity levels and metal ion concentrations. Implant use by normal habitual activities of daily living seems not to influence metal ion concentrations.
Longitudinal study of functional brain network reorganization in clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Koubiyr Ismail , Deloire Mathilde , Besson Pierre , Coupé Pierrick , Dulau Cécile , Pelletier Jean , Tourdias Thomas , Audoin Bertrand , Brochet Bruno , Ranjeva Jean-Philippe , Ruet Aurélie 
Published: November 2018

Background: There is a lack of longitudinal studies exploring the topological organization of functional brain networks at the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: This study aims to assess potential brain functional reorganization at rest in patients with CIS (PwCIS) after 1 year of evolution and to characterize the dynamics of functional brain networks at the early stage of the disease. Methods: We prospectively included 41 PwCIS and 19 matched healthy controls (HCs). They were scanned at baseline and after 1 year. Using graph theory, topological metrics were calculated for each region. Hub disruption index was computed for each metric. Results: Hub disruption indexes of degree and betweenness centrality were negative at baseline in patients ( p < 0.05), suggesting brain reorganization. After 1 year, hub disruption indexes for degree and betweenness centrality were still negative ( p < 0.00001), but such reorganization appeared more pronounced than at baseline. Different brain regions were driving these alterations. No global efficiency differences were observed between PwCIS and HCs either at baseline or at 1 year. Conclusion: Dynamic changes in functional brain networks appear at the early stages of MS and are associated with the maintenance of normal global efficiency in the brain, suggesting a compensatory effect.
Patient and public involvement in the design, administration and evaluation of patient feedback tools, an example in psychiatry: a systematic review and critical interpretative synthesis
Authors: Baines Rebecca , Donovan John , Regan de Bere Sam , Archer Julian , Jones Ray 
Published: November 2018

Background Patient feedback is considered integral to healthcare design, delivery and reform. However, while there is a strong policy commitment to evidencing patient and public involvement (PPI) in the design of patient feedback tools, it remains unclear whether this happens in practice. Methods A systematic review using thematic analysis and critical interpretative synthesis of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2007 and 2017 exploring the presence of PPI in the design, administration and evaluation of patient feedback tools for practising psychiatrists. The research process was carried out in collaboration with a volunteer mental health patient research partner. Results Fourteen articles (10 peer-reviewed, four grey literature) discussing the development of nine patient feedback tools were included. Six of the nine tools reviewed were designed from a professional perspective only. Tool content and its categorization primarily remained at the professional’s discretion. Patient participation rates, presence of missing data and psychometric validation were used to determine validity and patient acceptability. In most instances, patients remained passive recipients with limited opportunity to actively influence change at any stage. No article reviewed reported PPI in all aspects of tool design, administration or evaluation. Conclusions The majority of patient feedback tools are designed, administered and evaluated from the professional perspective only. Existing tools appear to assume that: professional and patient agendas are synonymous; psychometric validation is indicative of patient acceptability; and psychiatric patients do not have the capacity or desire to be involved. Future patient feedback tools should be co-produced from the outset to ensure they are valued by all those involved. A reconsideration of the purpose of patient feedback, and what constitutes valid patient feedback, is also required.
Low flow in the left atrial appendage assessed by transesophageal echocardiography is associated with increased stroke severity—Results of a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Schnieder Marlena , Siddiqui Tariq , Karch André , Bähr Mathias , Hasenfuß Gerd , Schroeter Marco R , Liman Jan 
Published: November 2018

Background About 25% of strokes are thought to be cryptogenic. There is growing evidence that most of these cryptogenic strokes are thromboembolic and caused by an undetected atrial fibrillation. Measured slow flow in the left atrial appendage has been proposed to be an indicator for the thromboembolic risk since it is possibly associated with undetected atrial fibrillation. Methods We evaluated all patients (n = 909; mean of 62 years, 39% female) admitted with an ischemic stroke (84%) or transient ischemic attack to our university medical center who underwent transesophageal echocardiography examination 2012–2014. Baseline characteristics, cardio-/neurovascular risk factors, electrocardiogram monitoring data, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale values, the localization of the stroke, as well as transesophageal echocardiography findings were analyzed. Results Stroke severity measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in patients with a low flow in the left atrial appendage was significantly higher than in patients without left atrial appendage low flow (p < 0.001). There was a threshold phenomenon in flow velocity at about 60 cm/s above which no significant change in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale values could be observed. These patients were significantly different concerning incidence of heart failure (10.6% vs. 2.3%; p < 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (32.2% vs. 8.8%; p < 0.001). However, threshold phenomenon of left atrial appendage flow was unchanged when excluding atrial fibrillation and heart failure patients. Conclusions A low flow in the left atrial appendage was associated with clinically elevated stroke severity and could be indicated as an independent stroke risk factor. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate beneficial effects of therapeutic options in these patients also in the assumed absence of atrial fibrillation.
What Are PWDs (People With Diabetes) Doing Online? A Netnographic Analysis
Authors: Tenderich Amy , Tenderich Burghardt , Barton Tanner , Richards Sarah Elizabeth 
Published: November 2018

Background: Social media have become a crucial channel for patient empowerment and peer support. New qualitative research underscores the fact that this “support” transcends mental health concerns, to actually provide patients with important practical tips and tricks for diabetes self-care, and product selection/decision-making information from peers. Methods: Netnography is an emerging methodology that applies an ethnographic research approach to studying activity on the social web. Researchers embed themselves in the online environment to take an observational “deep dive” into online conversations to identify themes, sentiments, and perceptions. Using this methodology in summer 2017, a team of researchers captured and analyzed hundreds of diabetes-related posts on prominent platforms Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Tumblr, Pinterest, Reddit, and Quora. Results: Our team identified 6 major trends, or “life themes,” in diabetes patient social media, providing insights into patient sentiments and needs. A topology of social media channels emerged, indicating which platforms are used most often for each life theme. Conclusions: Findings indicate that social media provides a significant source not only of moral support and camaraderie, but also critical education on thriving with diabetes. Importantly, we observed strong evidence of peer influence on patients’ therapy and diabetes technology purchasing decisions.