bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pixelated Metasurface for Dual-Band and Multi-Polarization Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ghaderi Bagher , Nayyeri Vahid , Soleimani Mohammad , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA dual-band and polarization-independent electromagnetic energy harvester composed of an array of pixelated unit cells is proposed. The pixelated unit cell is basically a dual-band resonator loaded with two resistors which model the input impedance of a power combining circuit in a complete harvesting system. To design the unit cell, a topology optimization approach based on pixelization of the surface of the unit cell and application of a binary optimization algorithm is used. The optimization goal is set to maximize harvesting efficiency at 2.45 GHz and 6 GHz. In our design, full symmetry of the unit cell is considered to achieve insensitivity to the polarization of the incident wave. Once, the unit cell is designed, as a proof of the concept, a metasurface harvester composed of 9 × 9 pixelated cells is designed. The full-wave electromagnetic simulation results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface absorbs the incident electromagnetic wave energy with nearly unity efficiency at both frequencies of interest and irrespective the polarization of the incident field while simultaneously delivering the absorbed power to the loads. To validate the simulations, the metasurface harvester is fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber. A strong agreement between the simulation results and measurements is observed.
Sphingosine Kinases promote IL-17 expression in human T lymphocytes
Authors: Barra Giusi , Lepore Alessio , Gagliardi Miriam , Somma Domenico , Matarazzo Maria Rosaria , Costabile Francesca , Pasquale Giuseppe , Mazzoni Alessio , Gallo Carmela , Nuzzo Genoveffa , Annunziato Francesco , Fontana Angelo , Leonardi Antonio , De Palma Raffaele 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has a role in many cellular processes. S1P is involved in cell growth and apoptosis, regulation of cell trafficking, production of cytokines and chemokines. The kinases SphK1 and SphK2 (SphKs) phosphorilate Sphingosine (Sph) to S1P and several phosphatases revert S1P to sphingosine, thus assuring a balanced pool that can be depleted by a Sphingosine lyase in hexadecenal compounds and aldehydes. There are evidences that SphK1 and 2 may per se control cellular processes. Here, we report that Sph kinases regulate IL-17 expression in human T cells. SphKs inhibition impairs the production of IL-17, while their overexpression up-regulates expression of the cytokine through acetylation of IL-17 promoter. SphKs were up-regulated also in PBMCs of patients affected by IL-17 related diseases. Thus, S1P/S1P kinases axis is a mechanism likely to promote IL-17 expression in human T cells, representing a possible therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases.
Computational and neural signatures of pre and post-sensory expectation bias in inferior temporal cortex
Authors: Dunovan Kyle , Wheeler Mark E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs we gather noisy sensory information from the environment, prior knowledge about the likely cause(s) of sensory input can be leveraged to facilitate perceptual judgments. Here, we investigated the computational and neural manifestation of cued expectations in human subjects as they performed a probabilistic face/house discrimination task in which face and house stimuli were preceded by informative or neutral cues. Drift-diffusion modeling of behavioral data showed that cued expectations biased both the baseline (pre-sensory) and drift-rate (post-sensory) of evidence accumulation. By employing a catch-trial functional MRI design we were able to isolate neural signatures of expectation during pre- and post-sensory stages of decision processing in face- and house-selective areas of inferior temporal cortex (ITC). Cue-evoked timecourses were modulated by cues in a manner consistent with a pre-sensory prediction signal that scaled with probability. Sensory-evoked timecourses resembled a prediction-error signal, greater in magnitude for surprising than expected stimuli. Individual differences in baseline and drift-rate biases showed a clear mapping onto pre- and post-sensory fMRI activity in ITC. These findings highlight the specificity of perceptual expectations and provide new insight into the convergence of top-down and bottom-up signals in ITC and their distinct interactions prior to and during sensory processing.
Hemolymph protein profiles of subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes challenged with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zeng Yuan , Hu Xing Ping , Cao Guanqun , Suh Sang-Jin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhen the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes is fed heat-killed methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the termite produces proteins with antibacterial activity against the inducer pathogen in its hemolymph. We used a proteomic approach to characterize the alterations in protein profiles caused by the inducer bacterium in the hemolymph of the termite. Nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 221 proteins and approximately 70% of these proteins could be associated with biological processes and molecular functions. Challenges with these human pathogens induced a total of 57 proteins (35 in MRSA-challenged, 16 in P. aeruginosa-challenged, and 6 shared by both treatments) and suppressed 13 proteins by both pathogens. Quasi-Poisson likelihood modeling with false discovery rate adjustment identified a total of 18 and 40 proteins that were differentially expressed at least 2.5-fold in response to MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge, respectively. We selected 7 differentially expressed proteins and verified their gene expression levels via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our findings provide an initial insight into a putative termite immune response against MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge.
Gel with silver and ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles produced with Amanita muscaria extract: physicochemical characterization, microstructure analysis and anticancer properties
Authors: Ivashchenko Olena , Przysiecka Łucja , Peplińska Barbara , Jarek Marcin , Coy Emerson , Jurga Stefan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCombination therapy remains one of the most promising and intensively developed direction in cancer treatment. This study is aimed to combine and investigate the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and Amanita muscaria mushroom in gel formulation. For this, hyaluronic acid was used as gel-forming agent, whereas Amanita muscaria extract was used as capping agent during silver and ultrasmall iron oxide (MAg) NPs synthesis. Amanita muscaria compounds formed NP’s surface layer and contributed anticancer properties, whereas silver NPs contributed anticancer, fluorescence and photoactive properties to the gel. Physicochemical characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopies (SEM, cryo-SEM, TEM, confocal fluorescence), spectrofluorometric method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques, energy dispersive (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies, zeta-potential and rheological measurements. Microstructure analysis of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel was performed by cryo-SEM technique. We showed that hyaluronic acid is a perfect gel-forming agent from both biomedical and technological points of view. It is well-mixed with MAg NPs forming stable gel formulation; high homogeneity of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel was shown by SEM EDS elemental mapping. Microstructure of the gel was found to be highly ordered and consisted of domains from perforated parallel tubular structures. This finding expanded our understanding of gels and broke the stereotype of gel structure as chaotic network of fibers. Cytotoxicity studies performed on 2D and 3D HeLa cell cultures pointed to a high potential of hyaluronic acid/MAg NPs gel for local treatment of cancer. Cell response was found to be significantly different for 2D and 3D cell cultures that was related to their different cytoarhitecture and gene expression. Thus, the results of the cellular spheroids viability showed that they were significantly more resistant to the cytotoxic action of MAg NPs and their gel formulation than 2D cell culture. Hyaluronic acid used as gelling agent in gel formulation was found to increase an effectiveness of active components (MAg NPs, Amanita muscaria extract) probably improving their transport inside HeLa spheroids.
Liposomes can both enhance or reduce drugs penetration through the skin
Authors: Peralta Ma. F. , Guzmán Ma. L. , Pérez A. P. , Apezteguia G. A. , Fórmica Ma. L. , Romero E. L. , Olivera Ma. E. , Carrer D. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe adequate formulation of topical vehicles to treat skin diseases is particularly complex. A desirable formulation should enhance the accumulation of the active drugs in the target tissue (the skin), while avoiding the penetration enhancement to be so large that the drugs reach the systemic circulation in toxic amounts. We have evaluated the transcutaneous penetration of three drugs chosen for their widely variable physicochemical properties: Amphotericin B, Imiquimod and Indole. We incorporated the drugs in fluid or ultra-flexible liposomes. Ultra-flexible liposomes produced enhancement of drug penetration into/through human skin in all cases in comparison with fluid liposomes without detergent, regardless of drug molecular weight. At the same time, our results indicate that liposomes can impede the transcutaneous penetration of molecules, in particular small ones.
Pure-Tone Frequency Discrimination in Preschoolers, Young School-Age Children, and Adults
Authors: Rose Jane , Flaherty Mary , Browning Jenna , Leibold Lori J. , Buss Emily 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Published data indicate nearly adultlike frequency discrimination in infants but large child–adult differences for school-age children. This study evaluated the role that differences in measurement procedures and stimuli may have played in the apparent nonmonotonicity. Frequency discrimination was assessed in preschoolers, young school-age children, and adults using stimuli and procedures that have previously been used to test infants.

Method
Listeners were preschoolers (3–4 years), young school-age children (5–6 years), and adults (19–38 years). Performance was assessed using a single-interval, observer-based method and a continuous train of stimuli, similar to that previously used to evaluate infants. Testing was completed using 500- and 5000-Hz standard tones, fixed within a set of trials. Thresholds for frequency discrimination were obtained using an adaptive, two-down one-up procedure. Adults and most school-age children responded by raising their hands. An observer-based, conditioned-play response was used to test preschoolers and those school-age children for whom the hand-raise procedure was not effective for conditioning.

Results
Results suggest an effect of age and frequency on thresholds but no interaction between these 2 factors. A lower proportion of preschoolers completed training compared with young school-age children. For those children who completed training, however, thresholds did not improve significantly with age; both groups of children performed more poorly than adults. Performance was better for the 500-Hz standard frequency compared with the 5000-Hz standard frequency.

Conclusions
Thresholds for school-age children were broadly similar to those previously observed using a forced-choice procedure. Although there was a trend for improved performance with increasing age, no significant age effect was observed between preschoolers and school-age children. The practice of excluding participants based on failure to meet conditioning criteria in an observer-based task could contribute to the relatively good performance observed for preschoolers in this study and the adultlike performance previously observed in infants.
Universal quantum Hamiltonians
Authors: Cubitt Toby S. , Montanaro Ashley , Piddock Stephen 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Quantum many-body systems exhibit a bewilderingly diverse range of behavior, which forms the central object of study in many areas of physics and beyond. Our work reveals that, in fact, the entire physics of every other quantum many-body system is replicated in certain simple, universal quantum spin-lattice models. A key application is to the field of analogue simulation of quantum systems, which has long been seen as one of the most promising near-term applications of quantum information technology. We put this field on a rigorous footing, give some rigorous justification for why it may not require error correction, and show that simple families of systems can be used as universal quantum simulators.
A frame-based approach to the source-goal asymmetry
Authors: Georgakopoulos Thanasis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the asymmetrical behavior of Sources and Goals of motion in Homeric and Classical Greek within the frame semantics paradigm. In particular, based on a corpus of 26 works covering four text types, it is shown that (a) regardless of their semantic class, motion verbs display preference for Goalpathscompared to Source ones; (b) the frame that a verb belongs to affects the type ofpathchosen only to a certain degree that does not change the Source-Goal imbalance; (c) semantically incongruent motion verb –pathcombinations are naturally less frequent than congruent combinations, but within the category of incongruent combinations the tokens are distributed in a way that reflects the prevalence of Goals; (d) the number of markers for the encoding of Goal is higher than that of Source; and (e) Source and Goal markers interact with Place ones in an asymmetrical way: Goal markers come to encode Place and, similarly, Place markers come to express Goal. Conversely, the interaction of markers exhibiting Source-Place polysemy is unidirectional, in the sense that none of these markers was originally used to encode Place alone. Theoretical implications of the study are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
Transcategoriality and isolating languages
Authors: Do-Hurinville Danh Thành , Dao Huy Linh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the first part, we show that the notion of transcategoriality, which is present in several types of languages (inflectional, isolating, agglutinative), serves to reconcile two antinomic forces of human linguistic activity: to satisfy cognitive-communicative needs and to limit the effort/to optimise linguistic systems. In the second part, we first examine our triangular dynamic model which comprises three macro-categories, namely lexeme, grammeme, pragmateme, and then, we discuss the differences between these three macro-categories. In the third and last part, we argue for the existence of transcategoriality in Vietnamese, an isolating language without inflectional morphology. We will discuss this issue by analyzing some markers such as: thành công, đẹp, mới, thì, and mà.
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 on miRNA expression in in vitro and in vivo models of β-lactoglobulin allergy
Authors: Wang Jun-juan , Li Si-han , Li Ai-li , Zhang Qi-min , Ni Wei-wei , Li Mei-na , Meng Xiang-chen , Li Chun , Jiang Shi-long , Pan Jian-cun , Li Yuan-yuan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the ability of L. acidophilus to modulate miRNA expression and prevent Th17-dominated β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) allergy. In vitro immunomodulation was evaluated by measuring splenocyte proliferation, Th17-related immune response and miRNA expression in β-Lg-sensitized splenocytes cultured with live L. acidophilus. Next, the allergic mouse model was used to evaluate anti-allergy capability of lactobacilli. The β-Lg challenge led to induction of up-regulation of miR-146a, miR-155, miR-21 and miR-9 expression in both in vivo and in vitro, along with increased Th17-related cytokine levels and mRNA expression of RORγt and IL-17. However, treatment of live L. acidophilus significantly suppressed hypersensitivity responses and Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, administration of live L. acidophilus reduced expression of four miRNAs, especially miR-146a and miR-155. In addition, the decreased expression of the miRNAs in the spleen of the L. acidophilus-treated group was closely associated with decrease of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA expression.
Cinchona cells performance in in vitro culture: quinine alkaloid production with application of different elicitors
Authors: Pratiwi D R , Sumaryono  , Sari P T , Ratnadewi D 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuinine is a dominant alkaloid inCinchona ledgeriana. It is widely used in anti-malaria, anti-cramping, and anti-arrhythmia medication. In addition, it is commercially demanded for its bitter taste in certain soft drinks. The main source of quinine is the bark of Cinchona plant, which consists of 4-7% of the alkaloid. Land use shifting from perennial trees to cash-crops has resulted in a shortage of the plant material for quinine extraction. Plant cell culture has proven its success in producing secondary metabolites, including alkaloids. In principle, plant cells synthesize secondary metabolites when they are exposed to stress conditions. Therefore, in cell culture ofC. ledgeriana, two stress-inducing agents i.e. abscisic acid (ABA) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) in combination with mannitol or sorbitol were applied to increase quinine yield. ABA and PBZ depressed the cells growth. Sorbitol caused more stress to cells than mannitol. Its combination with ABA 3 mgL−1or with PBZ 7 mgL−1, mixed three weeks after culture, produced the highest concentration of quinine followed by mannitol with ABA 3 mgL−1or PBZ 7 mgL−1combined at the third week after culture. Cultured cells showed three different shapes: round, oval, and elongated. The elongated shape pre-dominated in the mature cells culture, while round cells pre-dominated in young cells culture. Those mature cells were found to contain alkaloids.
Does Farm Size Matter? Distribution of Crop Insurance Subsidies and Government Program Payments across U.S. Farms
Authors: Bekkerman Anton , Belasco Eric J. , Smith Vincent H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study uses farm‐level information from the ARMS database to evaluate the distribution of payments from major 2014 Farm Bill safety net programs—federal crop insurance, Agricultural Risk Coverage, and Price Loss Coverage—across farm size. Results indicate that farms within the top decile for crop sales receive over two‐thirds of the total payments from these programs. Recent legislative proposals to implement payment caps on each farm are shown to impact a relatively small percentage of farms that are almost entirely within the top decile of crop sales. However, implementing these caps is likely to result in as much as $2.51 billion in taxpayer savings. These help provide direction for continued efforts to design cost‐effective, equitable agricultural safety net policies.
novoCaller: a Bayesian network approach for de novo variant calling from pedigree and population sequence data
Authors: Mohanty Anwoy Kumar , Vuzman Dana , Francioli Laurent , Cassa Christopher ,   Brigham Genomic Medicine,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network,   Brigham and Women’s Hospital FaceBase Project, Toth-Petroczy Agnes , Sunyaev Shamil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
De novo mutations (i.e. newly occurring mutations) are a pre-dominant cause of sporadic dominant monogenic diseases and play a significant role in the genetics of complex disorders. De novo mutation studies also inform population genetics models and shed light on the biology of DNA replication and repair. Despite the broad interest, there is room for improvement with regard to the accuracy of de novo mutation calling.

Results
We designed novoCaller, a Bayesian variant calling algorithm that uses information from read-level data both in the pedigree and in unrelated samples. The method was extensively tested using large trio-sequencing studies, and it consistently achieved over 97% sensitivity. We applied the algorithm to 48 trio cases of suspected rare Mendelian disorders as part of the Brigham Genomic Medicine gene discovery initiative. Its application resulted in a significant reduction in the resources required for manual inspection and experimental validation of the calls. Three de novo variants were found in known genes associated with rare disorders, leading to rapid genetic diagnosis of the probands. Another 14 variants were found in genes that are likely to explain the phenotype, and could lead to novel disease-gene discovery.

Availability and implementation
Source code implemented in C++ and Python can be downloaded from https://github.com/bgm-cwg/novoCaller.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Can Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Induce Microscopic Colitis or a Brand New Entity?
Authors: Choi Kati , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Samdani Rashmi , Nogueras Gonzalez Graciela , Raju Gottumukkala Subba , Richards David M , Gao Jianjun , Subudhi Sumit , Stroehlein John , Wang Yinghong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Microscopic colitis (MC) has been described as 1 pattern of injury in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI)–induced colitis. The main objective of this study was to characterize ICPI-induced MC by exploring the differences in risk factors, colitis treatments, endoscopic features, and clinical outcomes between cancer and noncancer patients with MC with and without exposure to ICPIs.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted among patients diagnosed with MC from our institutional pathology database from January 2012 to January 2018. Patients were categorized into MC in cancer patients with or without ICPI exposure and in noncancer patients. Risk factors (use of tobacco and certain medications), colitis treatments (antidiarrheals and immunosuppressants), endoscopic features (with or without mucosal abnormality), and clinical outcomes (diarrhea recurrence, hospitalization, mortality) were collected and compared among the 3 groups.

Results
Of the 65 eligible patients with MC, 15 cancer patients had exposure to ICPI, 39 cancer patients had no exposure to ICPI, and 11 had no cancer diagnosis. Among the risk factors, proton pump inhibitor was more frequently used in the ICPI-induced MC cohort (P = 0.040). Furthermore, in this population, mucosal abnormality was the most common endoscopic feature compared with normal findings in the non-ICPI-induced MC groups (P = 0.106). Patients with ICPI-induced MC required more treatments with oral and intravenous steroids and nonsteroidal immunosuppressive agents (all P &lt; 0.001) and had a higher rate of hospitalization (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that despite some similarities between MC with and without exposure to ICPIs, ICPI-induced MC has a more aggressive disease course that requires more potent immunosuppressive treatment regimens and greater need for hospitalization.
Harms at the Crossroads of Carework and Irregular Migration
Authors: Cochrane Brandy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRefugee and asylum-seeking mothers perform the duties of carework during and after the complex circumstances associated with irregular journeys and settlement in host countries. Utilizing motherhood as a central frame, the article links policies of border securitization with the tangible gendered consequences they produce in the daily carework of mothers. Past literature has explored gendered implications of border crossings and settlement, but rarely have authors examined these themes in tandem and never in the context of mothers and their carework. Based on narrative interviews with refugee and asylum-seeking mothers, I analyse how mothers’ everyday lives and, more specifically, their performance of carework are disrupted during migration, by boat journeys and detention, and after migration, by limited governmental assistance and restricted family reunification in host countries.