bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptic CH4 cycling in the sulfate–methane transition of marine sediments apparently mediated by ANME-1 archaea
Authors: Beulig F , Røy H , McGlynn S E , Jørgensen B B 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Methane in the seabed is mostly oxidized to CO2 with sulfate as the oxidant before it reaches the overlying water column. This microbial oxidation takes place within the sulfate–methane transition (SMT), a sediment horizon where the downward diffusive flux of sulfate encounters an upward flux of methane. Across multiple sites in the Baltic Sea, we identified a systematic discrepancy between the opposing fluxes, such that more sulfate was consumed than expected from the 1:1 stoichiometry of methane oxidation with sulfate. The flux discrepancy was consistent with an oxidation of buried organic matter within the SMT, as corroborated by stable carbon isotope budgets. Detailed radiotracer experiments showed that up to 60% of the organic matter oxidation within the SMT first produced methane, which was concurrently oxidized to CO2 by sulfate reduction. This previously unrecognized “cryptic” methane cycling in the SMT is not discernible from geochemical profiles due to overall net methane consumption. Sedimentary gene pools suggested that nearly all potential methanogens within and beneath the SMT belonged to ANME-1 archaea, which are typically associated with anaerobic methane oxidation. Analysis of a metagenome-assembled genome suggests that predominant ANME-1 do indeed have the enzymatic potential to catalyze both methane production and consumption.
Cortical substrates of cue-reactivity in multiple substance dependent populations: transdiagnostic relevance of the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Hanlon Colleen A. , Dowdle Logan T. , Gibson Nicole B. , Li Xingbao , Hamilton Sarah , Canterberry Melanie , Hoffman Michaela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElevated drug-cue elicited brain activity is one of the most widely cited, transdiagnostically relevant traits of substance dependent populations. These populations, however, are typically studied in isolation. The goal of this study was to prospectively investigate the spatial topography of drug-cue reactivity in a large set of individuals dependent on either cocaine, alcohol, or nicotine. Functional MRI data was acquired from 156 substance dependent individuals (55 cocaine, 53 alcohol, and 48 nicotine) as they performed a standardized drug-cue exposure task. Clusters of significant activation to drug-cues relative to neutral cues (‘hot spots’) were isolated for each individual. K-means clustering was used to classify the spatial topography of the hotspots in the data set. The percentage of hotspots that would be reached at several distances (2–5 cm) of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were calculated. One hundred and three participants had at least one cluster of significant frontal cortex activity (66%). K-means revealed 3 distinct clusters within the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), left inferior frontal gyrus/insula, right premotor cortex. For the group as a whole (and for alcohol users and nicotine users independently), medial prefrontal cortex (BA 10) was the location of the greatest number of hotspots. The frontal pole was cortical location closest to the largest percentage of hotspots. While there is individual variability in the location of the cue-elicited ‘hot spot’ these data demonstrate that elevated BOLD signal to drug cues in the MPFC may be a transdiagnostic endophenotype of addiction which may also be a fruitful neuromodulation target.
Coulomb-bound four- and five-particle intervalley states in an atomically-thin semiconductor
Authors: Chen Shao-Yu , Goldstein Thomas , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs hosts for tightly-bound electron-hole pairs carrying quantized angular momentum, atomically-thin semiconductors of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provide an appealing platform for optically addressing the valley degree of freedom. In particular, the valleytronic properties of neutral and charged excitons in these systems have been widely investigated. Meanwhile, correlated quantum states involving more particles are still elusive and controversial despite recent efforts. Here, we present experimental evidence for four-particle biexcitons and five-particle exciton-trions in high-quality monolayer tungsten diselenide. Through charge doping, thermal activation, and magnetic-field tuning measurements, we determine that the biexciton and the exciton-trion are bound with respect to the bright exciton and the trion, respectively. Further, both the biexciton and the exciton-trion are intervalley complexes involving dark excitons, giving rise to emissions with large, negative valley polarization in contrast to that of the two-particle excitons. Our studies provide opportunities for building valleytronic quantum devices harnessing high-order TMDC excitations.
Charge-tuneable biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Barbone Matteo , Montblanch Alejandro R.-P. , Kara Dhiren M. , Palacios-Berraquero Carmen , Cadore Alisson R. , De Fazio Domenico , Pingault Benjamin , Mostaani Elaheh , Li Han , Chen Bin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tongay Sefaattin , Wang Gang , Ferrari Andrea C. , Atatüre Mete 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have strong Coulomb-mediated many-body interactions. Theoretical studies have predicted the existence of numerous multi-particle excitonic states. Two-particle excitons and three-particle trions have been identified by their optical signatures. However, more complex states such as biexcitons have been elusive due to limited spectral quality of the optical emission. Here, we report direct evidence of two biexciton complexes in monolayer tungsten diselenide: the four-particle neutral biexciton and the five-particle negatively charged biexciton. We distinguish these states by power-dependent photoluminescence and demonstrate full electrical switching between them. We determine the band states of the elementary particles comprising the biexcitons through magneto-optical spectroscopy. We also resolve a splitting of 2.5 meV for the neutral biexciton, which we attribute to the fine structure, providing reference for subsequent studies. Our results unveil the nature of multi-exciton complexes in transitionmetal dichalcogenides and offer direct routes towards deterministic control in many-body quantum phenomena.
Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids
Authors: Luu Tran Trung , Yin Zhong , Jain Arohi , Gaumnitz Thomas , Pertot Yoann , Ma Jun , Wörner Hans Jakob 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh–harmonic generation (HHG) in gases has been the main enabling technology of attosecond science since its discovery. Recently, HHG from solids has been demonstrated, opening a lively area of research. In contrast, harmonic generation from liquids has so far remained restricted to low harmonics in the visible regime. Here, we report the observation and detailed characterization of extreme ultraviolet HHG from liquid water and several alcohols extending beyond 20 eV. This advance was enabled by the implementation of the recent liquid flat–microjet technology, which we show to facilitate the spatial separation of HHG from the bulk liquid and the surrounding gas phase. We observe striking differences between the HHG spectra of water and several alcohols. A comparison with a strongly–driven few–band model establishes the sensitivity of HHG to the electronic structure of liquids. Our results suggest liquid–phase high–harmonic spectroscopy as a new method for studying the electronic structure and ultrafast scattering processes in liquids.
Spinning-disc confocal microscopy in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II)
Authors: Zubkovs Vitalijs , Antonucci Alessandra , Schuergers Nils , Lambert Benjamin , Latini Andrea , Ceccarelli Raino , Santinelli Andrea , Rogov Andrii , Ciepielewski Daniel , Boghossian Ardemis A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFluorescence microscopy in the second near-infrared optical window (NIR-II, 1000–1350 nm) has become a technique of choice for non-invasivein vivoimaging. The deep penetration of NIR light in living tissue, as well as negligible tissue autofluorescence within this optical range, offers increased resolution and contrast with even greater penetration depths. Here, we present a custom-built spinning-disc confocal laser microscope (SDCLM) that is specific to imaging in the NIR-II. The SDCLM achieves a lateral resolution of 0.5 ± 0.1 µm and an axial resolution of 0.6 ± 0.1 µm, showing a ~17% and ~45% enhancement in lateral and axial resolution, respectively, compared to the corresponding wide-field configuration. We furthermore showcase several applications that demonstrate the use of the SDCLM forin situ, spatiotemporal tracking of NIR particles and bioanalytes within both synthetic and biological systems.
Peanut-Shell Biochar and Biogas Slurry Improve Soil Properties in the North China Plain: A Four-Year Field Study
Authors: Du Zhenjie , Xiao Yatao , Qi Xuebin , Liu Yuan , Fan Xiangyang , Li Zhongyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiochar and biogas slurry have been proved to improve the quality of some soil types, but the long-term effects on fluvo-aquic soil are not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the continuity effects of peanut-shell biochar and biogas slurry on the physicochemical properties, microbial population size, and enzyme activities of fluvo-aquic soil. We conducted a four-year field experiment of winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain. Along with equal nitrogen inputs, three treatments were applied—conventional fertilizers, peanut-shell biochar, and hoggery biogas slurry—after which various soil quality indicators were compared. Compared with those of control, both biochar and biogas slurry increased the soil total nitrogen and organic matter content, and improved soil aggregation, microbial biomass, and actinomycetes. Biogas slurry decreased soil pH and improved urease and protease activities. With biochar and biogas slurry treatments, wheat yield increased by 8.46% and 23.47%, and maize yield by 18% and 15.46%, respectively. Biogas slurry increased the content of crude protein and starch in the grains. Both biogas slurry and peanut-shell biochar improved fluvo-aquic soil nutrient content, water-stable macroaggregates, and microbial population, which might be related to their high nutrient content, large specific surface area, adsorption capacity, and functional groups. Biogas slurry generally exhibited stronger effects than biochar probably because of its richness in nutrients and bioactive substances.
Polymeric Nitrogen A7 Layers Stabilized in the Confinement of a Multilayer BN Matrix at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Shi Xuhan , Liu Bo , Liu Shijie , Niu Shifeng , Liu Shuang , Liu Ran , Liu Bingbing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolymeric nitrogen, as a potential high-energy-density material (HEDM), has attracted many theoretical calculations and predictions for its potential applications, such as energy storage, propellants and explosives. Searching for an effective method to stabilize polymeric nitrogen in ambient conditions of temperature and pressure has become a hot topic. Herein, we propose a new hybrid material where polymeric nitrogen layers are intercalated in a multilayer BN matrix forming a three-dimensional structure, by means of ab initio density functional theory. It is demonstrated polymeric nitrogen layers can be stable at ambient conditions and can release tremendous energy just above 500 K, more gentle and controllable. Further calculations reveal the new hybrid material exhibits a much smaller charge transfer than that of previous reports, which not only stabilizes polymeric nitrogen layer at ambient conditions, but also favours energy releasing at milder conditions. It is also very exciting that, the weight ratio of polymeric nitrogen in new material is up to 53.84%, approximately three times higher than previous one-dimensional hybrid materials. The energy density (5.4 KJ/g) also indicates it is a promising HEDMs candidate. Our findings provide a new insight into nitrogen-based HEDMs capture and storage.
Establishment of a modified CRISPR/Cas9 system with increased mutagenesis frequency using the translational enhancer dMac3 and multiple guide RNAs in potato
Authors: Kusano Hiroaki , Ohnuma Mariko , Mutsuro-Aoki Hiromi , Asahi Takahiro , Ichinosawa Dai , Onodera Hitomi , Asano Kenji , Noda Takahiro , Horie Takaaki , Fukumoto Kou , Kihira Miho , Teramura Hiroshi , Yazaki Kazufumi , Umemoto Naoyuki , Muranaka Toshiya , Shimada Hiroaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 is a programmable nuclease composed of the Cas9 protein and a guide RNA (gRNA) molecule. To create a mutant potato, a powerful genome-editing system was required because potato has a tetraploid genome. The translational enhancer dMac3, consisting of a portion of the OsMac3 mRNA 5′-untranslated region, greatly enhanced the production of the protein encoded in the downstream ORF. To enrich the amount of Cas9, we applied the dMac3 translational enhancer to the Cas9 expression system with multiple gRNA genes. CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting the potato granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) gene examined the frequency of mutant alleles in transgenic potato plants. The efficiency of the targeted mutagenesis strongly increased when the dMac3-installed Cas9 was used. In this case, the ratio of transformants containing four mutant alleles reached approximately 25% when estimated by CAPS analysis. The mutants that exhibited targeted mutagenesis in the GBSSI gene showed characteristics of low amylose starch in their tubers. This result suggests that our system may facilitate genome-editing events in polyploid plants.
Attention allows the SNARC effect to operate on multiple number lines
Authors: Weis Tina , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Lachmann Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo investigate whether participants can activate only one spatially oriented number line at a time or multiple number lines simultaneously, they were asked to solve a unit magnitude comparison task (unit smaller/larger than 5) and a parity judgment task (even/odd) on two-digit numbers. In both these primary tasks, decades were irrelevant. After some of the primary task trials (randomly), participants were asked to additionally solve a secondary task based on the previously presented number. In Experiment 1, they had to decide whether the two-digit number presented for the primary task was larger or smaller than 50. Thus, for the secondary task decades were relevant. In contrast, in Experiment 2, the secondary task was a color judgment task, which means decades were irrelevant. In Experiment 1, decades’ and units’ magnitudes influenced the spatial association of numbers separately. In contrast, in Experiment 2, only the units were spatially associated with magnitude. It was concluded that multiple number lines (one for units and one for decades) can be activated if attention is focused on multiple, separate magnitude attributes.
Etoposide-resistance in a neuroblastoma model cell line is associated with 13q14.3 mono-allelic deletion and miRNA-15a/16-1 down-regulation
Authors: Marengo Barbara , Monti Paola , Miele Mariangela , Menichini Paola , Ottaggio Laura , Foggetti Giorgia , Pulliero Alessandra , Izzotti Alberto , Speciale Andrea , Garbarino Ombretta , Traverso Nicola , Fronza Gilberto , Domenicotti Cinzia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrug resistance is the major obstacle in successfully treating high-risk neuroblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the basis of etoposide-resistance in neuroblastoma. To this end, a MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line (HTLA-230) was treated with increasing etoposide concentrations and an etoposide-resistant cell line (HTLA-ER) was obtained. HTLA-ER cells, following etoposide exposure, evaded apoptosis by altering Bax/Bcl2 ratio. While both cell populations shared a homozygous TP53 mutation encoding a partially-functioning protein, a mono-allelic deletion of 13q14.3 locus, where the P53 inducible miRNAs 15a/16-1 are located, and the consequent miRNA down-regulation were detected only in HTLA-ER cells. This event correlated with BMI-1 oncoprotein up-regulation which caused a decrease in p16 tumor suppressor content and a metabolic adaptation of HTLA-ER cells. These results, taken collectively, highlight the role of miRNAs 15a/16-1 as markers of chemoresistance.
Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malaria
Authors: Kano Flora Satiko , de Souza Aracele Maria , de Menezes Torres Leticia , Costa Marcelo Azevedo , Souza-Silva Flávia Alessandra , Sanchez Bruno Antônio Marinho , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes , Soares Irene Silva , de Brito Cristiana Ferreira Alves , Carvalho Luzia Helena , Sousa Tais Nobrega 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMalaria has provided a major selective pressure and has modulated the genetic diversity of the human genome. The variants of the Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene have probably been selected by malaria parasites, particularly theFY*Oallele, which is fixed in sub-Saharan Africa and confers resistance toPlasmodium vivaxinfection. Here, we showed the influence of genomic ancestry on the distribution of DARC genotypes in a highly admixed Brazilian population and confirmed the decreased susceptibility of theFY*A/FY*Ogenotype to clinicalP. vivaxmalaria.FY*B/FY*Oindividuals were associated with a greater risk of developing clinical malaria. A remarkable difference among DARC variants concerning the susceptibility to clinical malaria was more evident for individuals who were less exposed to malaria, as measured by the time of residence in the endemic area. Additionally, we found that DARC-negative andFY*A/FY*Oindividuals had a greater chance of acquiring high levels of antibodies against the 19-kDa C-terminal region of theP. vivaxmerozoite surface protein-1. Altogether, our results provide evidence that DARC polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to clinicalP. vivaxmalaria and influence the naturally-acquired humoral immune response to malaria blood antigens, which may interfere with the efficacy of a future vaccine against malaria.
Exploring the Effects of Imitating Hand Gestures and Head Nods on L1 and L2 Mandarin Tone Production
Authors: Zheng Annie , Hirata Yukari , Kelly Spencer D. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This study investigated the impact of metaphoric actions—head nods and hand gestures—in producing Mandarin tones for first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers.

Method
In 2 experiments, participants imitated videos of Mandarin tones produced under 3 conditions: (a) speech alone, (b) speech + head nods, and (c) speech + hand gestures. Fundamental frequency was recorded for both L1 (Experiment 1) and L2 (Experiment 2a) speakers, and the output of the L2 speakers was rated for tonal accuracy by 7 native Mandarin judges (Experiment 2b).

Results
Experiment 1 showed that 12 L1 speakers' fundamental frequency spectral data did not differ among the 3 conditions. In Experiment 2a, the conditions did not affect the production of 24 English speakers for the most part, but there was some evidence that hand gestures helped Tone 4. In Experiment 2b, native Mandarin judges found limited conditional differences in L2 productions, with Tone 3 showing a slight head nods benefit in a subset of “correct” L2 tokens.

Conclusion
Results suggest that metaphoric bodily actions do not influence the lowest levels of L1 speech production in a tonal language and may play a very modest role during preliminary L2 learning.
Ensemble classifier for driver's fatigue detection based on a single EEG channel
Authors: Wang Ping , Min Jianliang , Hu Jianfeng 
Published: September 2018

Driver's fatigue detection, based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals, is a worthy field of research to study evidence regarding how to exactly pre‐warn and avoid casualties nowadays. In this study, an EEG‐based system of perfect performance and good stability for evaluating driver's fatigue with only one electrode by ensemble learning method is proposed. Given that EEG signals are unstable and non‐linear that using several common entropy measurements to analyse EEG signals is more appropriate including spectral entropy, approximate entropy, sample entropy and fuzzy entropy. In this study, unlike other methods using a single classifier, three ensemble approaches (bagging, random forest and boosting) based on three base classifiers were employed and compared. A driving simulator in this study was used for 12 healthy and adult subjects to perform a continuous simulated driving experiment for 1–2 h. The experimental results show that the proposed method can make use of only one electrode (T6) by gradient boosted DT for driver's fatigue detection, while the average classification accuracy is >94%. The findings of this study indicated that a single EEG channel with optimal ensemble classifier may be a good candidate for usage in the portable system for driver's fatigue detection.
High energy density polymer nanocomposites with Y‐doped barium strontium titanate nanoparticles as fillers
Authors: Lu Yu‐Chen , Yu Shuhui , Zeng Xierong , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: September 2018

Dielectric nanocomposites with an enhanced energy density are highly desired in modern electronic and electrical power systems. In this study, the authors developed a new flexible dielectric nanocomposite thin film using Y‐doped barium strontium titanate (Y:BST) nanoparticles as fillers and polyvinylidene fluoride as a polymer matrix. The nanocomposites exhibited a high energy density of 11.07 J/cm3 at 4300 kV/cm with a low filler content. Through the analysis of defect chemistry with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the dopant Y3+ occupies A‐site of the perovskite structure, which is associated with the generation of Ba&Sr vacancies and oxygen vacancies for charge compensation. As a result, TiO6 2– octahedron distortion occurs, which is responsible for the enhanced dielectric permittivity. Meanwhile, the dielectric loss maintains a low level and the breakdown strength increases at a low filler loading, resulting in improved energy density.
Strain Rate Effect on the Compressive Behaviour of Reinforced Cork Agglomerates
Authors: Le Barbenchon Louise , Girardot Jérémie , Kopp Jean-Benoît , Viot Philippe 
Published: September 2018

The demand for bio-sourced materials is currently increasing. Cork material because of its unique properties (fire resistant, energy absorbing, …) is then an excellent candidate for a large set of applications. In order to widen its possible uses, cork agglomerates with reinforcements at a 0.48 density were studied to compare their mechanical performances with classical cork agglomerates.
This paper investigates the effect of these foreign reinforcements on the properties of agglomerated cork under a compressive loading. The material behavior has been determined as a function of the average strain rate and the direction of solicitation. The microstructure was first observed through optical and scanning electronic microscopy, spotting charges between each cork bead. The characterisation of cork at different strain rates was then carried out. An electromechanical testing machine was used to apply an uniaxial compression at quasi-static strain rates.
Reinforced agglomerated cork was found to be anisotropic and strain-rate dependant. Its micro-structure reveals at complex composite material influencing strongly mechanical properties. Both Young's modulus and absorbed energy density at 0.6 strain increase with the cross-head speed displacement. From 12.7 MPa and 0.77 J.mm-3 when compressed at 0.05 mm·min-1 to 19.9 MPa and 1.44 J·mm-3 at 500mm·min-1 in the Off-plane direction.