bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparable efficacies in differentiating WHO grade II from III oligodendrogliomas with machine-learning and radiologist’s reading
Authors: Zhao Sha-Sha , Yan Lin-Feng , Feng Xiu-Long , Hu Yu-Chuan , Han Yu , Tian Qiang , Sun Ying-Zhi , Zhang Jie , Ge Xiang-Wei , Cheng Si-Chao , Wei Xiao-Cheng , Cui Guang-Bin , Wang Wen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Abstract (236 words)
Background: The medical imaging differentiation of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (ODG2) from III (ODG3) oligodendrogliomas remains a challenge. We investigate whether combination of machine leaning with radiomics from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced (T1CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can offer improved efficacy.
Methods: Thirty-six patients with histologically confirmed ODGs who underwent the T1CE MR examination before any intervention between January 2015 and July 2017 were recruited in the current study. The volume of interest (VOI) covering the whole tumor enhancement were manually drawn on the T1CE slice by slice using ITK-SNAP and a total of 1044 features were extracted from the VOI using Analysis-Kinetics software. Random forest (RF) algorithm and 5-fold cross validation were applied to differentiate ODG2 from ODG3. The diagnostic efficacies of radiomics-based machine learning and radiologist’s assessment were also compared.
Results: Nineteen ODG2 and 17 ODG3 were included in the current study and ODG3 tended to present with prominent necrosis and nodular/ring-like enhancement (P < 0.05). The RF strategy with radiomics features produced the stable diagnostic efficiency, with an AUC, ACC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.765, 0.763, 82.8% and 70.0%, respectively. The AUCs of radiologists 1, 2 and 3 were 0.700, 0.687, and 0.714, respectively. The efficacy of machine learning based on radiomics is comparable to that of radiologist.
Conclusions: Machine-learning based on radiomics of T1CE offered comparable efficacy to that of radiologist on differentiating ODG2 from ODG3.
A systematic literature review of the burden of pediatric multiple sclerosis in North America and Europe
Authors: Krupp Lauren B. , Goble Joseph , Kroes Michel A. , Toledano Haley , Thompson Melissa , Pervaiz Nabeel , Vieira Maria Cecilia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that severely impacts patient functioning and quality of life (QoL). Onset of MS typically occurs in adults and evidence is growing for onset in children and adolescents. Several studies describe the clinical burden of pediatric MS; however, to date, no systematic literature review summarizing the clinical burden of pediatric MS has been published.
Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review to identify published data on the epidemiology, disease characteristics, QoL, and economic burden of pediatric MS in North America and Europe.
Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase, and Cochrane library to identify studies that enrolled patients with pediatric MS and reported at least one outcome related to the epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of pediatric MS. Only English-language studies were included.
Results: In total, 7,447 unique records were identified, of which 103 met the study’s inclusion criteria. Of the included articles, 9 reported incidence and prevalence, 39 reported relapse rates, 15 reported QoL, 22 reported fatigue, 37 reported cognitive function, and 17 reported school performance. Incidence of pediatric MS ranged from 0.30 to 2.64 per 100,000 person-years, with few studies suggesting that incidence may increase with age. Prevalence was reported as high as 14.6 cases per 100,000 persons in the USA and 9.6% of all MS patients in European countries. The range of annualized relapse rates was similar across countries, at 0.36-2.76 in North America and 0.65-1.11 in European countries. Patients with pediatric MS experienced reduced QoL compared to healthy controls. Patients experienced reduced diminished cognitive functioning, worse school performance and increased fatigue. Limited information was identified for the mortality and economic burden of pediatric MS.
Conclusions: Several studies describe the clinical burden of pediatric MS. Although incidence and prevalence rates for the disease are relatively low, the rate of relapse and burden to patients is considerable. Further studies are required to address gaps in the understanding of prognostic factors for relapse and the impact of QoL, fatigue, and cognitive function. Additional research on mortality and economic outcomes will be important to guide treatment pathways and reimbursement decisions.
Interaction of a dam-break wave with an obstacle over an erodible floodplain
Authors: Di Cristo Cristiana , Greco Massimo , Iervolino Michele , Vacca Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Because of climate change, flood-prone areas are more and more frequently exposed to potential casualties and damage. The capability of the flow to carry relevant quantities of sediments during these critical events adds to the further complexity of the resulting scenarios. The interaction between the flow and the obstacles in flood-inundated areas contributes to an increase in the hazard level and constitutes a relevant concern in the framework of risk analysis. Despite this relevance, the existing literature on the topic is relatively scarce, especially for the estimation of the forces acting on rigid obstacles in the presence of a mobile bed. In the present paper, a recent two-phase shallow-water morphodynamical model, particularly suited for the analysis of fast geomorphic transients, is applied for the numerical simulation of the propagation of a dam-break wave over an erodible floodplain in the presence of a rigid obstacle. The geometry of the test-case is inspired by a recent fixed-bed study reported in the literature, for which extensive experimental and numerical data concerning the flow field and the dynamic loading against the obstacle are available. Results of the numerical simulations contribute to highlight the effects of the obstacle on the changes in the bottom topography.
Effects of rainfall-runoff pollution on eutrophication in coastal zone: a case study in Shenzhen Bay, southern China
Authors: Xu Hongliang , Zhang Ying , Zhu Xiuzhen , Zheng Mingfeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The concentration of human activities in coastal cities results in the increase of nutrient salts released into the coastal environment and is identified as a major environmental problem for coastal zone management. Large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus are transported by rainwater-runoff from urban catchments to coastal zones during episodic rainfall events inducing eutrophication problems and increasing the risk of red tide occurrence. This study used a coupled model based on the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Environment Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) to simulate the rainfall-runoff pollution load and its effects on eutrophication in Shenzhen Bay, southern China. A storm event of 2014 was used to build the modeling scenarios and thus analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of the rainfall-runoff pollution. The results indicated that: (i) rainfall-runoff pollution loads accounted for 60–80% of the total pollution loads, and rainfall-runoff pollution can result in a short-term impact pollution load on the receiving seawater body; (ii) the transportation of nutrient salts in the coastal zone and the nutrient salts absorbing process by algae are at different times, which suggests urban rainfall-runoff pollution has evidently an effect on variation of the concentration of chlorophyll-A in the bay, and with increasing distance to the city, the seawater body is gradually less affected by rainfall-runoff pollution.
Physical factors limiting access to clean groundwater in Tanzania villages
Authors: Mseli Zaina Hussein , Goeller Devon , Scharenberg Mackenzie , Mwegoha William J. S. , Gianotti Rebecca , Bongiorno David , Sawyer Audrey H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Low yield, poor water quality, and nonfunctional infrastructure impede physical access to clean groundwater in rural Tanzania. We studied boreholes in 45 villages as part of a rehabilitation program led by the Global Water Institute at The Ohio State University. Villages were chosen because their groundwater supply systems were inoperative or unsustainable. The most common cause was pump failure, which occurred in more than half of the villages. Even if broken pumps were repaired or replaced, low pump capacities and potential yields would limit physical access in many villages. Low potential yield is often mistaken for a broken pump, but easily diagnosed with a pump test. Pump test records were available for only eight villages, highlighting the need for more testing and data accessibility. One-third of the villages had low water quality. In comparison to secondary water sources such as springs, impoundments, and dug wells, boreholes tended to have lower levels of nitrate and fecal coliform, greater total dissolved solids, and similar fluoride levels. In many villages, groundwater is the only viable water resource to support development, but drilling records and hydrogeologic data are sparse. We recommend better digital data archiving with governmental water supply authorities and the assessment of potential well yields and sustainable yields.
Effects of water and health on primary school enrolment and absenteeism in Indonesia
Authors: Komarulzaman Ahmad , de Jong Eelke , Smits Jeroen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Clean water provision remains a serious problem in low- and middle-income countries. In 2017, about 30% of the world population relied on unimproved water sources located outside of the dwellings. Often women and children are occupied in fetching water. This situation increases the prevalence of water-related diseases such as diarrhoea and reduces children's study time. School attendance may decrease due to the combined effects of diarrhoea and time spent on fetching water. We investigate the effects on school absenteeism and primary school enrolment in Indonesia, using a panel data set for 295 districts over the period 1994–2014. Districts with higher diarrhoea prevalence are found to have lower school enrolment (B: −0.202, sig p &lt; 0.01) and higher school absenteeism (B: 2.334, sig p &lt; 0.001). Districts where more households have access to private water facilities have higher school enrolment (B: 0.025, sig p &lt; 0.01) and lower school absenteeism (B: −0.027, sig p &lt; 0.01). More use of piped and bottled water in a district is associated with a lower diarrhoea prevalence (B: −0.004, sig p &lt; 0.05). Policy-makers should take the benefits of improved water supply into account when making cost–benefit analyses regarding investments in water infrastructure.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Two baseflow separation methods based on daily average gage height and discharge
Authors: Yang Weifei , Xiao Changlai , Liang Xiujuan , Zhang Zhihao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrologists are urgently seeking to find a more universal and inexpensive tracer for baseflow separation, and gage height may form an appropriate choice. This study derives the gage height mass balance (GHMB) and gage height power function (GHPF) methods using a two-component mass balance equation based on the relationship between the gage height and streamflow. The GHMB and GHPF methods are corrected by comparing the results of the conductivity mass balance (CMB), conductivity power function (CMBPF), GHMB, and GHPF methods in 20 basins in the United States. Subsequently, the corrected GHMB and GHPF methods are applied to seven other basins. The results indicate that: (1) the baseflow index (BFI) values calculated from the GHMB and GHPF methods are in good agreement with those of conventional methods; (2) the daily baseflow calculated as per the GHMB and GHPF methods can be suitably fitted with the CMB method; (3) the baseflow is significantly suppressed when the flood peak is larger, and deviations between the GHMB, GHPF, and CMB results are mainly observed for flood events with a large flood peak. As a tracer, the gage height can reasonably separate the baseflow, and the results indicate the efficacy of the methods.
Technique of the rapid detection of groundwater based on multidimensional space
Authors: Wang Kang , Jiang Qi-gang , Yan Xiao-hui , Yu De-hao , Long Fan , Yang Qing-lei , Yang Tong , Xu Xing-yu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ability to detect groundwater quickly and accurately is critical to the work of drought resistance. However, conventional groundwater detection methods are inefficient and costly. To solve the difficulties of using water in water-deficient areas, the method of rapid groundwater detection based on multidimensional space was presented. First, using satellite remote sensing (RS) technology, factors related to the occurrence of groundwater, such as lithology, structure, and landforms, were obtained. Then, through quantitative inversion of aeromagnetic data, the lithology and structure were improved. Using geographic information system (GIS) as an information analysis platform, the water storage conditions of various lithologies, structures, and landforms were comprehensively studied; and a water-rich target area was delineated. Based on the above-mentioned achievements, the ground geophysical prospecting work was carried out, the optimum well-position determined, and the target area accuracy verified by drilling data. The method integrates many technical means, such as satellite RS, airborne RS, ground physical exploration, and exploration drilling to detect groundwater, incorporating the advantages of each method. Through the preliminary application in the city of Beipiao, China, the well completion rate is 72.73%. High-quality groundwater resources were exploited in this area, proving it to be an effective method for accurately detecting groundwater.
Robust model for estimating pumping station characteristics and sewer flows from standard pumping station data
Authors: Fencl Martin , Grum Morten , Borup Morten , Mikkelsen Peter Steen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Flow data represent crucial input for reliable diagnostics of sewer functions and identification of potential problems such as unwanted inflow and infiltration. Flow estimates from pumping stations, which are an integral part of most separate sewer systems, might help in this regard. A robust model and an associated optimization procedure is proposed for estimating inflow to a pumping station using only registered water levels in the pump sump and power consumption. The model was successfully tested on one month of data from a single upstream station. The model is suitable for identification of pump capacity and volume thresholds for switching the pump on and off. These are parameters which are required for flow estimation during periods with high inflows or during periods with flow conditions triggering pump switching on and off at frequencies close to the temporal resolution of monitored data. The model is, however, sensitive within the transition states between emptying and filling to observation errors in volume and on inflow/outflow variability.
Identification of Essential 2D and 3D Chemical Features for Discovery of the Novel Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Azimi Fateme , Ghasemi Jahan B. , Saghaei Lotfollah , Hassanzadeh Farshid , Mahdavi Mohammad , Sadeghi-Aliabadi Hojjat , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana 
Published: May 2019

Background:Tubulin polymerization inhibitors interfere with microtubule assembly and their functions lead to mitotic arrest, therefore they are attractive target for design and development of novel anticancer compounds.Objective:The proposed novel and effective structures following the use of three-dimensionalquantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) pharmacophore based virtual screening clearly demonstrate the high efficiency of this method in modern drug discovery.Method:Combined computational approach was applied to extract the essential 2D and 3D features requirements for higher activity as well as identify new anti-tubulin agents.Results:The best quantitative pharmacophore model, Hypo1, exhibited good correlation of 0.943 (RMSD=1.019) and excellent predictive power in the training set compounds. Generated model AHHHR, was well mapped to colchicine site and three-dimensional spatial arrangement of their features were in good agreement with the vital interactions in the active site. Total prediction accuracy (0.92 for training set and 0.86 for test set), enrichment factor (4.2 for training set and 4.5 for test set) and the area under the ROC curve (0.86 for training set and 0.94 for the test set), the developed model using Extended Class FingerPrints of maximum diameter 4 (ECFP_4) was chosen as the best model.Conclusion:Developed computational platform provided a better understanding of requirement features for colchicine site inhibitors and we believe the results of this study might be useful for the rational design and optimization of new inhibitors.
Luliconazole-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel as Aqueous based Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Dhamoon Rupinder K. , Goyal Ramesh K. , Popli Harvinder , Gupta Madhu 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection which accounts for 50% of the nail
diseases and is characterized by disfigurement and discoloration of nails. The current therapy includes
oral and topical formulations both of which come with their own drawbacks. This has left a room for
developing patient- compliant novel strategies which can facilitate drug delivery deeper into the nails
effectively.

Objective:
The main objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate in situ gelling thermosensitive
hydrogel as an aqueous nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis. The idea was to
enhance permeation of Luliconazole into the nail while simultaneously solubilizing it in a hydrophilic
formulation.

Methods:
The sample of Luliconazole was authenticated using modern analytical techniques. The hydrogel-
nail lacquer was prepared using poloxamer Pluronic F127. The formulation was evaluated in
terms of drying time, viscosity, non- volatile content, pH, transition temperature, etc. In vitro study was
done to check the drug release while determining release kinetics. In vitro transungual permeation study
was done to check drug permeation through porcine hoof membrane. Stability studies were conducted
to ensure formulation stability.

Results:
The results confirmed a stable formulation with enhanced permeation through porcine hoof
membrane.

Conclusion:
The results support the potential use of in situ gelling thermo-sensitive hydrogels as a
novel transungual formulation in the treatment of onychomycosis with a slight improvement in water
resistance.
Development of an Integrated System for the Automatic Viscosity Correction of a Ceramic Slurry for the Investment Casting Process
Authors: Carlomagno Giovanni M. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Starting from a wax model of the mold, which is later discarded, investment
casting is used to make almost finished metal cast parts. The term "investment casting" is derived from
the use of a ceramic liquid mixture (slurry), in which the model is repeatedly immersed (invested) to
form, layer by layer, the shell which has to be filled with molten metal. The liquid of the slurry tends to
evaporate so that the viscosity of the former increases and a correction is needed.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the simplest way to measure slurry viscosity and automatically
correct it.

Methods:
Numerical and experimental tests have been implemented to correctly assess the proposed
method. An integrated system for the automatic correction of slurry viscosity is realised which comprises:
a reservoir of slurry including means for mixing it; a transducer which continuously measures
the slurry viscosity; a pump that gradually feeds the diluent into the slurry to keep its viscosity constant;
and a device, governed by the continuous viscosity measurement, that operates the pump.

Results:
It has been proved that the developed system is able to integrate the slurry viscosity continuous
measurement with gradual addition of diluent into the slurry, so as to have a fully automated operation
that can make corrections, whenever necessary, on the basis of the transducer output.

Conclusion:
The developed system works properly by keeping the slurry viscosity within a fixed range.
A patent has been recently deposited to protect the integrated system for the automatic correction of
slurry viscosity.
ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND COMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Davinić Slobodan , Davinić Ivana , Tasić Ivan 
Published: May 2019

High rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases of the kidney are for the most part caused by the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and high rates of fatal cardiovascular events. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney diseases, in various stages of chronic renal failure. The examinees were classified into three groups based on the level of glomerular filtration rate: over 60 ml/min/1.73m2; 30-59 ml/min/1.73m2; and 15-29 ml/ min/1.73m2. Traditional risk factors of age, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, diabetes, serum level of total cholesterol and triglycerides, triglyceridemia, and hypertrophy of the left ventricle showed a significantly positive rising trend of their mean values or prevalence, inversely dependent upon the level of declining glomerular filtration rates. Mean values of serum HDL cholesterol level demonstrated a significant declining trend, concomitant with decreasing glomerular filtration rate. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemy, smoking and obesity, as well as the mean value of body mass index, showed significant intergroup variations, but without any continuing trend related to glomerular filtration rate. Non-traditional risk factors of anemia, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia showed a significant rising trend of prevalence inversely dependent upon the degree of reduction of glomerular filtration rate. The levels of hematocrit and serum albumins showed a positive correlation with the reduction of glomerular filtration rate. In pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney diseases, a high prevalence of the studied cardiovascular risk factors was found. Cardiovascular risk progressively rises with decreasing glomerular filtration rate, being significantly elevated as early as the initial stages of renal failure.