bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Coadministration of Lidocaine on the Pain and Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular Amikacin in Children With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Garcia-Prats Anthony J. , Rose Penelope C. , Draper Heather R. , Seddon James A. , Norman Jennifer , McIlleron Helen M. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Schaaf H. Simon 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Currently recommended treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) includes 4–8 months of an injectable medication, which is poorly tolerated. We evaluated the impact of coadministering lidocaine on pain and pharmacokinetics of intramuscular injections of amikacin in children with MDR-TB.

Methods:
Children 8–18 years of age, receiving amikacin for MDR-TB treatment in Cape Town, South Africa, were eligible for this randomized crossover trial. Participants received a 15 mg/kg dose of intramuscular amikacin with and without additional lidocaine (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) on different days and were randomized to the order of the treatments (the sequence). Participants and staff completing evaluations were blinded to sequence. Samples were drawn predose, and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours postdose for measurement of plasma amikacin concentrations. Pain was assessed by participants using the Wong Baker FACES pain scale (0–5) predose, immediately after the injection and then at 30 and 60 minutes. Pharmacokinetic measures were calculated using noncompartmental analysis.

Results:
Twelve children were included, median age 11.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 9.9–13.4 years). Participant-reported pain scores immediately after the amikacin injection were lower when lidocaine was coadministered: 1.0 (IQR, 0.5–2.0) with lidocaine versus 2.5 (1.0–4.0) without lidocaine (P = 0.004). The median area under the concentration time curve0–8 and median maximum plasma concentration of amikacin were 109.0 μg × h/mL (IQR, 84.7–121.3) and 36.7 μg/mL (IQR, 34.1–40.5) with lidocaine compared with 103.3 μg × h/mL (IQR, 81.7–135.0; P = 0.814) and 34.1 μg/mL (IQR, 35.6–46.4; P = 0.638) without lidocaine, respectively.

Conclusions:
The coadministration of lidocaine resulted in reduced pain immediately after the injection and did not alter amikacin area under the concentration time curve or maximum plasma concentration.
Thirty-Day Readmissions After Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Patel Smit D. , Desai Rupak , Patel Upenkumar , Singh Sandeep , Patel Zinal , Patel Neel , Zhang Allan , Panwala Amruta H. , Khan Vinshi N. , Singh Gagandeep , Shah Nihar 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (LGIH) are 2 of the most common reasons for hospital admissions across the United States. The 30-day readmission after index admission poses a major burden on the health care infrastructure, and thus, it is important to assess the causes of 30-day readmission for patients with UGIH and LGIH.

Methods:
The study cohort was derived from the 2013 National Readmission Database. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) Volume 3 diagnosis codes were utilized to identify UGIH and LGIH patients from this data set. Patients who were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days within the same calendar year were further analyzed. Categorical variables and continuous variables were assessed by the χ2 test and the student t test, respectively. The independent predictors of unplanned 30-day readmissions were recognized by multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for stratified cluster design of National Readmission Database. SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used for data analysis.

Results:
The number of index admissions identified from the National Readmission Data 2013 were 82,290 for UGIH and 133,114 for LGIH. All-cause 30-day readmission rate for UGIH versus LGIH was 14.6% (readmitted N=12,046; 56.64% age 65 y and above) versus 14.4% (readmitted N=19,128; 70.21% age 65 y and above and 49.61% men). Gastrointestinal causes were most common (33.9% vs. 39.6%), followed by cardiac (13.3% vs. 15.3%), infectious (10.4% vs. 9.1%), and respiratory causes (7.8% vs. 7.1%) for 30-day readmission for UGIH and LGIH. Significant predictors of increased 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P-value) included metastatic disease (2.15, 1.75-2.64, P<0.001), discharge against medical advice (1.85, 1.55-2.22, P<0.001), and length of stay >3 days (1.50, 1.38-1.63, P<0.001). Predictors for 30-day readmission for LGIH included metastatic disease (1.75, 1.48-2.06, P<0.001), liver disease (1.59, 1.49-1.71, P<0.001), and drug abuse (1.38, 1.21-1.58, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Most common reason for UGIH and LGIH readmission was related to gastrointestinal disease, followed by cardiac, infectious, and respiratory etiologies. By addressing these etiologies for readmission, it may be possible to reduce adverse outcomes.
Metabolic Syndrome, Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Italian Primary Care Patients
Authors: Mattei Giorgio , Padula Maria Stella , Rioli Giulia , Arginelli Lodovico , Bursi Roberto , Bursi Serena , Epifani Antonio Matteo , Pingani Luca , Rigatelli Marco , Rosato Francesca Maria , Sacchetti Andrea , Galeazzi Gian Maria , Ferrari Silvia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at measuring the correlation and association of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety-depression symptoms with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Italian primary care patients who attended their General Practitioner clinics over a 1-month period in 2013. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms. The sample was made up of 129 patients (57% women; mean age, 61 ± 12 years). The prevalence of MetS varied from 40% (Adult Treatment Panel III-Revised criteria) to 48% (International Diabetes Federation criteria). The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression was, respectively, 26%, 2%, and 15%. MetS (defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III-Revised criteria) was associated with comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–11.71), but not with anxiety or depressive symptoms only. Out of the individual components of MetS, enlarged waist circumference was associated with anxiety symptoms (OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 1.56–11.44).
Effects of Thickness on Corneal Biomechanical Properties Using Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Vantipalli Srilatha , Li Jiasong , Singh Manmohan , Aglyamov Salavat R. , Larin Kirill V. , Twa Michael D. 
Published: March 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Measured corneal biomechanical properties are driven by intraocular pressure, tissue thickness, and inherent material properties. We demonstrate tissue thickness as an important factor in the measurement of corneal biomechanics that can confound short-term effects due to UV riboflavin cross-linking (CXL) treatment.

PURPOSE
We isolate the effects of tissue thickness on the measured corneal biomechanical properties using optical coherence elastography by experimentally altering the tissue hydration state and stiffness.

METHODS
Dynamic optical coherence elastography was performed using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging to quantify the tissue deformation dynamics resulting from a spatially discrete, low-force air pulse (150-μm spot size; 0.8-millisecond duration; <10 Pa [<0.08 mmHg]). The time-dependent surface deformation is characterized by a viscoelastic tissue recovery response, quantified by an exponential decay constant—relaxation rate. Ex vivo rabbit globes (n = 10) with fixed intraocular pressure (15 mmHg) were topically instilled every 5 minutes with 0.9% saline for 60 minutes and 20% dextran for another 60 minutes. Measurements were made after every 20 minutes to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) and the relaxation rates. Cross-linking treatment was performed on another 13 eyes, applying isotonic riboflavin (n = 6) and hypertonic riboflavin (n = 7) every 5 minutes for 30 minutes, followed by UV irradiation (365 nm, 3 mW/cm2) for 30 minutes while instilling riboflavin. Central corneal thickness and relaxation rates were obtained before and after CXL treatment.

RESULTS
Corneal thickness was positively correlated (R
2 = 0.9) with relaxation rates. In the CXL-treated eyes, isotonic riboflavin did not affect CCT and showed a significant increase in relaxation rates (+10%; P = .01) from 2.29 ms−1 to 2.53 ms−1. Hypertonic riboflavin showed a significant CCT decrease (−31%; P = .01) from 618 μm to 429 μm but showed little change in relaxation rates after CXL treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Corneal thickness and stiffness are correlated positively. A higher relaxation rate implied stiffer material properties after isotonic CXL treatment. Hypertonic CXL treatment results in a stiffness decrease that offsets the stiffness increase with CXL treatment.
Individuals' Perspectives on Coping with Vision Loss from Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sturrock Bonnie A. , Rees Gwyneth , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Wong Tien Y. , Holloway Edith , Fenwick Eva K. 
Published: March 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
People with vision loss from diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) use problem-focused and emotion-regulation strategies that may influence their short- and longer-term adaptation and psychological outcomes. Our findings can assist the development of models of adjustment to DR/DME–related vision loss and treatments focused on adaptation.

PURPOSE
To qualitatively determine the coping strategies used by participants with vision loss resulting from DR/DME.

METHODS
Fifty-seven participants with DR/DME engaged in one of eight focus groups or one of 18 semistructured interviews. Participants were mostly older than 55 years (mean, 58.7 years) and male (68%) and had type 2 diabetes (74%; median duration, 17 years). Almost 50% had proliferative DR, 95% had undergone laser treatment, and 42% had DME; 68%, 14% and 14% had none, mild (<0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ≤ 0.48), and moderate-severe vision impairment (>0.48 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) in the better eye. Focus groups/interviews were transcribed verbatim and iteratively analyzed using the constant comparative method. Qualitative software NVivo 2008 was used to sort/store the data. Our top-down and bottom-up approach to conceptualize the data was informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.

RESULTS
Coping efforts were mostly problem focused (64%) with seven subthemes: problem solving, passive coping, changing activities to suit a new ability level, active coping, rehearsing alternative outcomes, maintaining independence, and information seeking. Emotion-regulation strategies were distraction, acceptance, alternative adaptive thinking, avoidance, expressing emotions, denial, and changing emotions. Meaning-based coping strategies included mindfulness and engaging in meaningful activities. Themes relating to adaptation and moderators to coping (e.g., dispositional optimism) are outlined.

CONCLUSIONS
Participants described a variety of ways to cope. Some strategies are likely to improve functioning and decrease distress, whereas others are expected to reduce immediate distress while perpetuating this in the longer term. Our findings may assist researchers to develop models of adjustment to DR/DME-related vision loss and psychosocial/educational interventions focused on adaptation.
Autoimmune Sequelae Following Rituximab Therapy
Authors: Kersh Anna E. , Feldman Ron J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRituximab is an anti-CD20 antibody used to deplete B lymphocytes in lymphoma and autoimmune disease. Case reports in the literature describe patients who paradoxically develop autoimmune disease in response to rituximab therapy. We review the reports of autoimmune pathology in response to rituximab treatment and the proposed mechanisms of this reaction. These autoimmune diseases manifest in various organ systems, most frequently the skin and lungs, and involve distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis mediated by potential alterations in B and T lymphocytes, innate immune system, and specific environmental factors. Those clinicians utilizing rituximab should be aware of this unusual phenomenon.
Cyclophosphamide Versus Mycophenolate Versus Rituximab in Lupus Nephritis Remission Induction
Authors: Goswami Rudra Prosad , Sircar Geetabali , Sit Hiramanik , Ghosh Alakendu , Ghosh Parasar 
Published: March 2018

Objective
We report comparative efficacy between high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDCyC), low-dose cyclophosphamide (LDCyC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods
We analyzed comparative efficacy of 4 induction regimens of biopsy-proven LN: LDCyC: 500 mg fortnightly, HDCyC: 750 to 1200 mg monthly, MMF: 1.5 to 3 g/d, and rituximab. Outcomes of 4 groups were analyzed at the sixth month.

Results
Among a total 222 patients, 26 received LDCyC (3-g total dose), 113 received HDCyC (mean, 5.1-g total dose), 61 received MMF (mean, 2.2 g/d), and 22 received rituximab (mean, 1.9-g total dose). Relapsing/refractory LN was 11 in HDCyC, 1 in LDCyC, 10 in MMF, and 14 in the rituximab group. Overall 16.2% had no improvement of proteinuria, 18% had partial response, and 65.8% (146/222) had complete response. Renal response (RR) was higher in HDCyC (90.3%) and rituximab (90.9%) groups compared with LDCyC (73%) and MMF (72%) groups. Rituximab was effective in relapsing disease (100% RR). Infection was highest with the HDCyC, followed by LDCyC and rituximab (p = 0.15), whereas the MMF group had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects (p < 0.001). The following predictors of RR were identified: rituximab (odds ratio [OR], 20.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–215.7; p = 0.012), renal Baseline Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index at baseline (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99; p = 0.034), and duration of disease (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.009).

Conclusions
High-dose cyclophosphamide and rituximab were the most effective therapeutic strategies in patients with LN, especially in the Indian context. Rituximab was highly effective in relapsing disease.
Does Mixed Conventional/Piezosurgery Implant Site Preparation Affect Implant Stability?
Authors: Alattar Abrar Nizar , Bede Salwan Yousif Hanna 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional implant site preparation technique and a combination of conventional/piezosurgery preparation on implant stability measured at different time intervals, insertion torque, and preparation time. A randomized controlled study was designed, it included 26 patients who received 54 dental implants randomly assigned to 2 groups; in the control group, implants were installed after conventional preparation with drills whereas the study group received implants after mixed conventional/piezosurgery preparation. The outcome variables included: implant stability measured immediately after implant insertion, at 8 weeks and 16 weeks postoperatively, insertion torque and preparation time. All the investigated variables were analyzed statistically using 1 sample Kolmogrov–Simirenov test, Mann–Whitney U test, paired and unpaired Student t test, the Pearson χ
2 test, Fisher exact test, and analysis of variance (1-way ANOVA). The differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Implant stability showed a similar pattern in both the groups which consists of a statistically significant decrease in implant stability quotient values at the 8th week followed by a statistically significant increase at the 16th week, where the implant stability quotient values return close to those of primary stability. The 2 groups revealed a statistically not significant difference in insertion torque and implant stability changes throughout the study period, whereas the preparation time was significantly longer in the study group than the control group. The mixed conventional/piezosurgery method of implant site preparation offers no additional advantage over the conventional drilling method in terms of values of insertion torque and patterns of implant stability change throughout the healing period.
The Modified Socket Shield Technique
Authors: Han Chang-Hun , Park Kwang-Bum , Mangano Francesco Guido 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
In the anterior regions, the resorption of the buccal bone after tooth extraction leads to a contraction of the overlying soft tissues, resulting in an esthetic problem, particularly with immediate implant placement. In the socket shield technique, the buccal root section of the tooth is maintained, to preserve the buccal bone for immediate implant placement. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the survival, stability, and complication rates of implants placed using a “modified” socket shield technique.

Methods:
Over a 2-year period, all patients referred to a dental clinic for treatment with oral implants were considered for inclusion in this study. Inclusion criteria were healthy adult patients who presented nonrestorable single teeth with intact buccal periodontal tissues in the anterior regions of both jaws. Exclusion criteria were teeth with present/past periodontal disease, vertical root fractures on the buccal aspect, horizontal fractures below bone level, and external/internal resorptions. The buccal portion of the root was retained to prevent the resorption of the buccal bone; the shield was 1.5 mm thick with the most coronal portion at the bone crest level. All patients then underwent immediate implants. In the patient with a gap between the implant and shield, no graft material was placed. All implants were immediately restored with single crowns and followed for 1 year. The main outcomes were implant survival, stability, and complications.

Results:
Thirty patients (15 males, 15 females; mean age was 48.2 ± 15.0 years) were enrolled in the study and installed with 40 immediate implants. After 1 year, all implants were functioning, for a survival rate of 100%; excellent implant stability was reported (mean implant stability quotient at placement: 72.9 ± 5.9; after 1 year: 74.6 ± 2.7). No biologic complications were reported, and the incidence of prosthetic complications was low (2.5%).

Conclusions:
The “modified” socket shield technique seems to be a successful procedure when combined with immediate implant placement, because the root fragment does not interfere with osseointegration and may be beneficial for the esthetics, protecting the buccal bone from resorption.
Prosthetic Complications Affecting Single-Tooth Morse-Taper Connection Implants
Authors: Mangano Francesco , Lucchina Alberta Greco , Brucoli Matteo , Migliario Mario , Mortellaro Carmen , Mangano Carlo 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term cumulative implant survival rate (CISR%) and cumulative implant-crown success rate (CICSR%) of single-tooth Morse–taper connection implants, with particular attention to documenting the incidence of prosthetic complications.

Methods:
The customized records of all patients who had been treated with single-tooth Morse-taper connection implants in 2 dental centers during the period between January 2002 and December 2012 were revisited. These records included patient-related (gender, age at surgery, smoking, bruxism), implant-related (date of insertion, site/location, and length/diameter of the implant, previous/concomitant bone regeneration), and restoration-related (date of delivery of the provisional and final crown) information. In addition, these records contained information about any implant failure and biologic and/or prosthetic complication that occurred during the follow-up period as well as the radiographic documentation. The follow-up period comprised between 5 and 15 years. The main outcomes were CISR% and CICSR%, with the latter being defined as the condition in which no complication had affected the surviving implant-supported crown during the entire follow-up. Life-table analysis was used for the analysis of CISR% and CICSR%. Peri-implant marginal bone resorption (PIMBR) at 5, 10, and 15 years was a secondary outcome of this study.

Results:
In total, 578 patients who had received 612 implants were included in this study. The overall CISR% at 15 years was 94.8% (94.2% maxilla, 95.3% mandible). Among the surviving crowns, the overall CICSR% at 15 years was 94.5% (93.1% and 94.9% for anterior and posterior crowns, respectively), and the incidence of prosthetic complications was low (1.5%). The PIMBL amounted to 0.38 ± 0.29 mm, 0.49 ± 0.35 mm, and 0.94 ± 0.58 mm at the 5-, 10-, and 15-year follow-ups, respectively.

Conclusion:
Morse-taper connection implants represent a reliable treatment procedure for the restoration of single-tooth gaps in the long term, with high CISR% (94.8%) at 15 years, a very low incidence of complications, and a high CICSR% (94.5%).
Poor Patient and Graft Outcome After Induction Treatment by Antithymocyte Globulin in Recipients of a Kidney Graft After Nonrenal Organ Transplantation
Authors: Mai Hoa Le , Treilhaud Michèle , Ben-Arye Shani Leviatan , Yu Hai , Perreault Hélène , Ang Evelyn , Trébern-Launay Katy , Laurent Julie , Malard-Castagnet Stéphanie , Cesbron Anne , Nguyen Thi Van Ha , Brouard Sophie , Rostaing Lionel , Houssel-Debry Pauline , Legendre Christophe , Girerd Sophie , Kessler Michèle , Morelon Emmanuel , Sicard Antoine , Garrigue Valérie , Karam Georges , Chen Xi , Giral Magali , Padler-Karavani Vered , Soulillou Jean Paul 
Published: March 2018

Background
End-stage renal failure occurs in a substantial number of patients having received a nonrenal transplantation (NRT), for whom a kidney transplantation is needed. The medical strategy regarding the use of immunosuppression (IS) for a kidney graft in patients after an NRT is not well established. The prekidney grafts long-term IS advocates for a mild induction, such as using anti-IL-2R antibodies, whereas addition of new incompatibilities and anti-HLA preimmunization may suggest using stronger IS such as induction by polyclonal antithymocyte globulins (ATG).

Methods
We performed Cox multivariate and propensity score analysis of our validated transplant database to study the impact of the type of induction therapy on kidney graft survival of recipients of a kidney graft after NRT.

Results
We report here that kidney transplantation after NRT treated with an ATG induction has a poorer outcome (kidney and recipient survival) than that with an anti–IL-2R induction. After accounting for potential baseline differences with a multivariate Cox model, or by adjusting on a propensity score, we found that despite patients having received ATG cumulate more risk factors, ATG appears independently involved. As animal-derived biotherapeutics induce antiglycan antibodies and particularly anti–N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) IgGs which may activate endothelial cells in patients and grafts, we also investigated the magnitude and the nature of the anti-Neu5Gc elicited by the induction and showed that induction was associated with a shift in anti-Neu5Gc IgG repertoire. Possible reasons and mechanisms of a deleterious ATG usage in these patients are discussed.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that ATG induction after a kidney transplantation in recipients already under maintenance IS for a NRT should be used cautiously.