bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Dipolarizations and Energetic Electron Flux Variations at the Nightside Geostationary Orbit
Authors: Shukhtina M. A. , Sergeev V. A. , Nikolaev A. V. , Artemyev A. , Angelopoulos V. , Rodriguez J. V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider energetic electron (EE, 30–600 keV) flux variations, connected with magnetic dipolarizations, at geosynchronous orbit. Two types of these variations, due to injections and drift shell crossing (DSC), have been known since the 1960s, but no methods to separate them were suggested. To reach this goal we apply the hodogram Je(Bz) technique (EE flux vs. local magnetic field) to data of three spacecraft, GOES‐15 observing a sharp dipolarization and thus being in the injection region, and GOES‐13, GOES‐14, being inside the drifting electron cloud (DEC). Analysis of 45 sharp dipolarizations and corresponding EE flux variations in 2013–2017 showed that hodograms look quite different (a) inside and outside of the injection region and (b) for medium (30–200 keV) and high (200–600 keV) energies, allowing to identify the variation type as either DSC or true injection. EE fluxes and energy spectra were compared inside the injection region and in the DEC 4 hours eastward. EE fluxes are well correlated before the injection, but strongly scattered at its peak suggesting a highly structured drifting injected cloud. Spectra at the injection peak appeared similar, demonstrating hardening with increased geomagnetic activity. The best correlations between different injection and dipolarization measures are observed between peak Je values and ∆(MPB)1/2, where MPB is the ground mid‐latitude positive bay index; correlations of approximately 0.7 are attained inside the injection region, being lower in the DEC. The peak injected EE flux increases by ∼1–1.5 orders of magnitude with increase in dipolarization strength from low to high geomagnetic activity.
Oblique Rifting in the Southern Tibetan Plateau Revealed From 3‐D High‐Resolution Seismic Travel‐Time Tomography Around the India–Eurasia Continental Collision Zone
Authors: Li Jiawei , Pei Shunping , Sun Quan , Liu Hanlin , Liu Wei , Hua Qian , Li Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe India–Eurasia continental collision zone (IECCZ) is an ideal setting for studying plate collision processes, plateau uplift mechanisms, and orogenic activities. Several models have attempted to explain the north–south (N‒S) collision and east–west (E‒W) extension based on geological and geophysical observations. Among them, the subduction of the subducted Indian lower crust (SILC) and the deep geometric shape of the southern Tibetan rifts are still controversial. To address these issues, we selected P‐ and S‐wave arrival times from 35,193 earthquakes recorded by 575 permanent and temporary stations and applied an improved double‐difference tomography method to obtain high‐resolution 3‐D P‐ and S‐wave velocity structures of the crust and uppermost mantle and relocated earthquake event locations around the IECCZ. The N‒S velocity profiles display a northward‐subducting high‐velocity layer stretching from the 20–40 km depth range in the Himalayan belt to the 50–60 km depth range beneath the northern Lhasa terrane (NL), suggesting that the eclogitized SILC extended beyond the Indus–Yarlung suture, reaching the NL. Additionally, the E‒W velocity profile at the SILC front reveals a discrete high‐velocity layer at depths of 40–60 km beneath the Longgar, Tingri–Nyima, Xianza–Dinggye, and Yadong–Gulu rifts, implying that the SILC experienced tearing. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the seismicity, large‐earthquake source mechanisms near the Moho, and tomographic images of the study area, we proposed a new dynamic model of the India–Eurasia collision and N–S‐trending rifts. The significant characteristic of this model is that the rifts cut through the crust obliquely, not vertically.
Seasonal and Inter‐Annual Variability in the Polar Vortex and Snowfall on Mars
Authors: Alsaeed N. R. , Hayne P. O. , Concepcion V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe polar vortices of Mars are characterized by strong zonal winds that isolate cold air above the pole, allowing CO2 to condense out of the atmosphere through snowfall and direct deposition. Due to their key role in seasonal variability of the atmosphere, it is important to understand the different factors that affect the strength, shape, and stability of the polar vortices and processes such as snowfall that occur within. We used atmospheric retrievals of temperature and CO2 ice cloud opacity from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on board NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to characterize and analyze patterns in the polar vortices and CO2 ice clouds for Mars years (MY) 29–36. We couple the MCS data with a one‐dimensional snowfall model to determine CO2 snow precipitation rates and analyze patterns in the amounts and distribution of snowfall. We characterize the elliptical nature of both vortices and find that there is significant shrinking and warming of the polar vortex during regional dust storms in the summer hemisphere, which occur more frequently during northern winter. We also find that snowfall in the north pole exceeds that in the south and accounts for ∼1% of surface CO2 deposition, with a notable pause in snowfall during the solstice. We also find measurable variability in snowfall driven by both regional and global dust storms and persistent yearly patterns in the spatial distribution of snow clouds.
VIM-AS1, which is regulated by CpG methylation, cooperates with IGF2BP1 to inhibit tumor aggressiveness via EPHA3 degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Han Su-hyang , Ko Je Yeong , Jung Sungju , Oh Sumin , Kim Do Yeon , Kang Eunseo , Kim Myung Sup , Chun Kyung-Hee , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Park Jong Hoon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarly tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenging area, as the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. While microvascular invasion is linked to early recurrence, established biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication are lacking. In this study, our objective was to identify DNA methylation sites that can predict the outcomes of liver cancer patients and elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving HCC aggressiveness. Using DNA methylome data from HCC patient samples from the CGRC and TCGA databases, we pinpointed hypermethylated CpG sites in HCC. Our analysis revealed that cg02746869 acts as a crucial regulatory site for VIM-AS1 (vimentin antisense RNA1), a 1.8 kb long noncoding RNA. RNA sequencing of HCC cells with manipulated VIM-AS1 expression revealed EPHA3 as a pathogenic target of VIM-AS1, which performs an oncogenic function in HCC. Hypermethylation-induced suppression of VIM-AS1 significantly impacted HCC cell dynamics, particularly impairing motility and invasiveness. Mechanistically, reduced VIM-AS1 expression stabilized EPHA3 mRNA by enhancing the binding of IGF2BP1 to EPHA3 mRNA, leading to increased expression of EPHA3 mRNA and the promotion of HCC progression. In vivo experiments further confirmed that the VIM-AS1‒EPHA3 axis controlled tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment in HCC. These findings suggest that the downregulation of VIM-AS1 due to hypermethylation at cg02746869 increased EPHA3 mRNA expression via a m6A-dependent mechanism to increase HCC aggressiveness.
Astrocyte–neuron crosstalk through extracellular vesicle-shuttled miRNA-382-5p promotes traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hu Qing , Wu Xun , Guo Chengxuan , Wang Tinghao , Guo Hao , Wang Jin , Wang Bodong , Cui Wenxing , Bai Hao , Zhou Jinpeng , Li Leiyang , Han Liying , Cao Liang , Ge Shunnan , Gao Guodong , Wang Ting , Wu Zhenyong , Guo Wei , Qu Yan , Feng Jing , Liu Haixiao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough astrocytes undergo functional changes in response to brain injury and may be the driving force of subsequent neuronal death, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we showed that extracellular vesicle (EV)-shuttled miRNA-382-5p may serve as a biomarker for the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as the circulating EV-miRNA-382-5p level was significantly increased in both human patients and TBI model mice. Mechanistically, astrocyte-derived EVs delivered the shuttled miRNA-382-5p to mediate astrocyte–neuron communication, which promoted neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the expression of optic atrophy-1 (OPA1). Consistent with these findings, genetic ablation of neuronal OPA1 exacerbated mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis in response to TBI. Moreover, engineered RVG-miRNA-382-5p inhibitor-EVs, which can selectively deliver a miRNA-382-5p inhibitor to neurons, significantly attenuated mitochondrial damage and improved neurological function after TBI. Taken together, our data suggest that EV-shuttled miRNA-382-5p may be a critical mediator of astrocyte-induced neurotoxicity under pathological conditions and that targeting miRNA-382-5p-OPA1 signaling has potential for clinical translation in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
A dry Venusian interior constrained by atmospheric chemistry
Authors: Constantinou Tereza , Shorttle Oliver , Rimmer Paul B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Venus’s climatic history provides powerful constraints on the location of the inner edge of the liquid-water habitable zone. However, two very different histories of water on Venus have been proposed: one where Venus had a temperate climate for billions of years with surface liquid water and the other where a hot early Venus was never able to condense surface liquid water. Here we offer a constraint on Venus’s climate history by inferring the water content of its interior. By calculating the present rate of atmospheric destruction of H2O, CO2 and OCS, which must be restored by volcanism to maintain atmospheric stability, we show that Venus’s interior is dry. Venusian volcanic gases have at most a 6% water mole fraction, which is substantially drier than terrestrial magmas degassed at similar conditions. The dry interior is consistent with Venus ending its magma ocean epoch desiccated and thereafter having had a long-lived dry surface. Volcanic resupply to Venus’s atmosphere, therefore, indicates that the planet has never been liquid-water habitable.
An unmanned aerial vehicle captured dataset for railroad segmentation and obstacle detection
Authors: R. S. Rampriya , Al-Shehari Taher , Nathan Sabari , A. Jenefa , R. Suganya , P. Shunmuga Perumal , Alfakih Taha , Alsalman Hussain 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSafety is crucial in the railway industry because railways transport millions of passengers and employees daily, making it paramount to prevent injuries and fatalities. In order to guarantee passenger safety, computer vision, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and artificial intelligence will be essential tools in the near future for routinely evaluating the railway environment. An unmanned aerial vehicle captured dataset for railroad segmentation and obstacle detection (UAV-RSOD) comprises high-resolution images captured by UAVs over various obstacles within railroad scenes, enabling automatic railroad extraction and obstacle detection. The dataset includes 315 raw images, along with 630 labeled and 630 masked images for railroad semantic segmentation. The dataset consists of 315 original images captured by the UAV for object detection and obstacle detection. To increase dataset diversity for training purposes, we applied data augmentation techniques, which expanded the dataset to 2002 augmented and annotated images for obstacle detection cover six different classes of obstacles on railroad lines. Additionally, we provide the original 315 images along with a script for augmentation, allowing users to generate their own augmented data as needed, offering a more sustainable and customizable option. Each image in the dataset is accurately annotated with bounding boxes and labeled under six categories, including person, boulder, barrel, branch, jerry can, and iron rod. This comprehensive classification and detailed annotation make the dataset an essential tool for researchers and developers working on computer vision applications in the railroad domain.
Nutritional sex-specificity on bacterial metabolites during mosquito (Aedes aegypti) development leads to adult sex-ratio distortion
Authors: Romoli Ottavia , Serrato-Salas Javier , Gapp Chloé , Epelboin Yanouk , Figueras Ivern Pol , Barras Frédéric , Gendrin Mathilde 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMosquitoes rely on their microbiota for B vitamin synthesis. We previously found that Aedes aegypti third-instar larvae cleared of their microbiota were impaired in their development, notably due to a lack of folic acid (vitamin B9). In this study, we found that diet supplementation using a cocktail of seven B vitamins did not improve mosquito developmental success, but rather had a significant impact on the sex-ratio of the resulting adults, with an enrichment of female mosquitoes emerging from B vitamin-treated larvae. A transcriptomic analysis of male and female larvae identified some sex-specific regulated genes upon vitamin treatment. When treating germ-free larvae with individual B vitamins, we detected a specific toxic effect related to biotin (vitamin B7) exposure at high concentrations. We then provided germ-free larvae with varying biotin doses and showed that males are sensitive to biotin toxicity at a lower concentration than females. Gnotobiotic larvae exposed to controlled low bacterial counts or with bacteria characterised by slower growth, show a male-enriched adult population, suggesting that males require less bacteria-derived nutrients than females. These findings indicate that during larval development, mosquitoes have sex-specific nutritional requirements and toxicity thresholds, which impact the sex ratio of adults.
Reassessing the Benefits of Audiovisual Integration to Speech Perception and Intelligibility
Authors: O'Hanlon Brandon , Plack Christopher J. , Nuttall Helen E. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
In difficult listening conditions, the visual system assists with speech perception through lipreading. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) is used to investigate the interaction between the two modalities in speech perception. Previous estimates of audiovisual benefit and SOA integration period differ widely. A limitation of previous research is a lack of consideration of visemes—categories of phonemes defined by similar lip movements when produced by a speaker—to ensure that selected phonemes are visually distinct. This study aimed to reassess the benefits of audiovisual lipreading to speech perception when different viseme categories are selected as stimuli and presented in noise. The study also aimed to investigate the effects of SOA on these stimuli.

Method:
Sixty participants were tested online and presented with audio-only and audiovisual stimuli containing the speaker's lip movements. The speech was presented either with or without noise and had six different SOAs (0, 200, 216.6, 233.3, 250, and 266.6 ms). Participants discriminated between speech syllables with button presses.

Results:
The benefit of visual information was weaker than that in previous studies. There was a significant increase in reaction times as SOA was introduced, but there were no significant effects of SOA on accuracy. Furthermore, exploratory analyses suggest that the effect was not equal across viseme categories: “Ba” was more difficult to recognize than “ka” in noise.

Conclusion:
In summary, the findings suggest that the contributions of audiovisual integration to speech processing are weaker when considering visemes but are not sufficient to identify a full integration period.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27641064
Constraining the inner boundaries of COCONUT through plasma β and Alfvén speed
Authors: Brchnelova M. , Gudiksen B. , Carlsson M. , Lani A. , Poedts S. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Space weather modelling has been gaining importance due to our increasing dependency on technology sensitive to space weather effects, such as satellite services, air traffic and power grids. Improving the reliability, accuracy and numerical performance of space weather modelling tools, including global coronal models, is essential to develop timely and accurate forecasts and to help partly mitigate the space weather threat. Global corona models, however, require accurate boundary conditions, for the formulations of which we have very limited observational data. Unsuitable boundary condition prescriptions may lead to inconsistent features in the solution flow field and spoil the code’s accuracy and performance.
Aims. In this paper, we develop an adjustment to the inner boundary condition of the COolfluid COrona uNstrUcTured (COCONUT) global corona model to better capture the dynamics over and around the regions of stronger magnetic fields by constraining the plasma β and the Alfvén speed.
Methods. Using data from solar observations and solar atmospheric modelling codes such as Bifrost, we find that the baseline homogeneous boundary condition formulations for pressure and density do not capture the plasma conditions physically accurately. We develop a method to adjust these prescribed pressure and density values by placing constraints on the plasma β and the Alfvén speed that act as proxies.
Results. We demonstrate that we can remove inexplicable fast streams from the solution by constraining the maximum Alfvén speed and the minimum plasma β on the boundary surface. We also show that the magnetic topology is not significantly affected by this treatment otherwise.
Conclusions. The presented technique shows the potential to ease the modelling of solar maxima, especially removing inexplicable features while, at the same time, not significantly affecting the magnetic field topology around the affected regions.
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids from long-baseline interferometry
Authors: Gallenne A. , Evans N. R. , Kervella P. , Monnier J. D. , Proffitt C. R. , Schaefer G. H. , Winston E. M. , Kuraszkiewicz J. , Mérand A. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Pilecki B. , Kraus S. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Anugu N. , ten Brummelaar T. , Chhabra S. , Codron I. , Davies C. L. , Ennis J. , Gardner T. , Gutierrez M. , Ibrahim N. , Lanthermann C. , Mortimer D. , Setterholm B. R. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We aim to accurately measure the dynamical mass and distance of Cepheids by combining radial velocity measurements with interferometric observations. Cepheid mass measurements are particularly necessary for solving the Cepheid mass discrepancy, while independent distance determinations provide a crucial test of the period–luminosity relation and Gaia parallaxes.
Methods. We used the multi-telescope interferometric combiner, the Michigan InfraRed Combiner (MIRC) of the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array, to detect and measure the astrometric positions of the high-contrast companion orbiting the Galactic Cepheid SU Cygni. We also present new radial velocity measurements from ultraviolet spectra taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The combination of interferometric astrometry with optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy provided the full orbital elements of the system, in addition to component masses and the distance to the Cepheid system.
Results. We measured the mass of the Cepheid, MA = 4.859 ± 0.058 M⊙, and its two companions, MBa = 3.595 ± 0.033 M⊙ and MBb = 1.546 ± 0.009 M⊙. This is the most accurate existing measurement of the mass of a Galactic Cepheid (1.2%). Comparing with stellar evolution models, we show that the mass predicted by the tracks is higher than the measured mass of the Cepheid, which is similar to the conclusions of our previous work. We also measured the distance to the system to be 926.3 ± 5.0 pc, obtaining an unprecedented parallax precision of 6 μas (0.5%), which is the most precise and accurate distance for a Cepheid. This precision is similar to what is expected by Gaia for its last data release (DR5 in ∼2030) for single stars fainter than G = 13, but is not guaranteed for stars as bright as SU Cyg.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that evolutionary models remain incapable of accurately reproducing the measured mass of Cepheids, often predicting higher masses for the expected metallicity, even when factors such as rotation or convective core overshooting are taken into account. Our precise distance measurement allowed us to compare predictions from some period–luminosity relations. We find a disagreement of 0.2–0.5 mag with relations calibrated from photometry, while relations calibrated from a direct distance measurement are in better agreement.
Digitale Fertigung von Retainern mittels CAD/CAM
Authors: Bek Heba Gamal 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Kieferorthopädie spielt die Retention eine entscheidende Rolle, um
sicherzustellen, dass die erreichten Zahn- und Kieferstellungen langfristig
stabil bleiben. Nach Beendigung einer aktiven kieferorthopädischen Therapie ist
es deshalb sinnvoll, das erzielte Behandlungsergebnis mittels festsitzenden oder
herausnehmbaren Retentionsgeräten zu stabilisieren, um einerseits ein Rezidiv zu
vermeiden 1
2, aber auch, um eine Stabilität gegenüber altersbedingten
Veränderungen der knöchernen Kieferbasen und von Zahnpositionen zu
gewährleisten. Grundsätzlich hat jede Art von Retentionsgerät spezifische Vor-
und Nachteile in Bezug auf die Anforderungen an die Compliance, Mundhygiene, den
Komfort und die zuvor behandelte Fehlstellung.Mit Fortschritten in der digitalen Technologie werden zudem neue Möglichkeiten
zur Fertigung von festsitzenden und herausnehmbaren Retainern entwickelt. Im
Vergleich zur direkten Chairside-Herstellung oder zum laborseitig manuell
gefertigten Retainer hat die Integration der digital gefertigter Retainer in den
klinischen Alltag signifikante Vorteile hinsichtlich Präzision, Effizienz und
Anpassungsfähigkeit.
Renaissance der Surgery-first-Behandlung im Zeitalter der
Digitalisierung
Authors: Bigus Simon , Heiland Max , Bumann Axel , Ebker Tobias 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Surgery-first-Konzept in der Dysgnathiebehandlung gewinnt durch die neuen
digitalen Technologien zunehmend an Popularität, da es mit einer Verkürzung der
Behandlungsdauer und einer Erhöhung der Patientenzufriedenheit durch den Wegfall
der präoperativen kieferorthopädischen Dekompensation einher geht. Im
vorliegendem Artikel soll der Workflow einer vollständig virtuell geplanten
kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischen Kombinationsbehandlung bei
Surgery-first-Patienten beschrieben werden. An der Abteilung für Mund-, Kiefer-
und Gesichtschirurgie der Charité werden alle orthognath-chirurgischen Fälle
vollständig virtuell geplant. Zur Operationsplanung werden eine aktuelle
3D-Röntgenbildgebung des Gesichtsschädels, intra- und extraorale Fotos, sowie
die definierte Zielokklusion, entweder als STL-Datei oder als digitalisierte
Gipsmodelle benötigt. Diese Daten werden fusioniert und ein virtuelles Modell
des Patienten erstellt. Am Computer kann so eine Planung realisiert werden, die
sowohl die orthodontischen Bewegungen, funktionelle Aspekte als auch die
gewünschte Gesichtsästhetik berücksichtigt. Diese Planung wird anschließend an
den Patienten im Rahmen der OP-Vorbereitung kommuniziert.Für den präzisen intraoperativen Transfer der Planung werden im Anschluss eine
patientenspezifische Osteosyntheseplatte für den Oberkiefer und ein
3D-gedruckter CAD/CAM-gestützter finaler Splint gefertigt, der für die genaue
Repositionierung des Unterkiefers verwendet wird. Dieses Surgery-first-Konzept
wird an unserer Abteilung bereits seit mehreren Jahren angewendet und erfreut
sich einer hohen Patientenzufriedenheit durch den flexiblen Behandlungsbeginn,
die Transparenz über die geplanten Bewegungen und die frühen ästhetischen
Veränderungen, sowie die hohe Transfergenauigkeit von präoperativer Planung zu
postoperativem Ergebnis.