bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are people-centred mental health services acceptable and feasible in Timor-Leste? A qualitative study
Authors: Hall Teresa , Kakuma Ritsuko , Palmer Lisa , Martins João , Minas Harry , Kermode Michelle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeople-centred mental healthcare is an influential concept for health system strengthening and sustainable development that has been developed and promoted primarily in Western contexts. It characterizes service users, families and communities as active participants in health system development. However, we have limited understanding of how well people-centred mental healthcare aligns with the multiplicity of peoples, cultures, languages and contexts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Timor-Leste, a lower-middle income country in South-East Asia, is in the process of strengthening its National Mental Health Strategy 2018–22 to align with people-centred mental healthcare. To support the implementation of this Strategy, this study investigated the acceptability and feasibility of people-centred mental health services in Timor-Leste. In-depth semi-structured individual (n = 57) and group interviews (n = 15 groups) were conducted with 85 adults (≥18 years). Participants were service users, families, decision-makers, service providers and members of civil society and multilateral organizations across national and sub-national sites. Government and non-government mental health and social care was also observed. Framework analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts and observation notes. The study found that the ecology of mental healthcare in Timor-Leste is family-centred and that government mental health services are largely biomedically oriented. It identified the following major challenges for people-centred mental health services in Timor-Leste: different sociocultural perceptions of (in)dividual personhood, including a diminished status of people with mental illness; challenges in negotiating individual and family needs; a reliance on and demand for biomedical interventions; and barriers to health service access and availability. Opportunities for people-centred mental healthcare are better available within the social and disability sectors, which focus on social inclusion, human rights and peer support. Accounting for local cultural knowledge and understandings will strengthen design and implementation of people-centred mental healthcare in LMIC settings.
Obesity prediction by modelling BMI distributions: application to national survey data from Mexico, Colombia and Peru, 1988–2014
Authors: Yamada Goro , Castillo-Salgado Carlos , Jones-Smith Jessica C , Moulton Lawrence H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning. However, disproportionally changing body mass index (BMI) distributions pose particular challenges. Flexible modelling of the shape of BMI distributions may improve prediction performance.

Methods
We used data from repeated national health surveys conducted in Mexico, Colombia and Peru at four or five time points between 1988 and 2014. Data from all surveys except the last survey were used to construct prediction models for three obesity indicators (median BMI, overweight/obesity prevalence and obesity prevalence) for the time of the last survey. We assessed their performance using predicted curves, absolute prediction errors and comparison of actual and predicted distributions. With one method, we modelled the shape of BMI distributions assuming BMI follows a Box-Cox Power Exponential (BCPE) distribution, whose parameters were modelled as a function of interval or nominal 5-year age groups, time and their interaction terms. In a second method, we modelled each of the obesity indicators directly as a function of the same covariates using quantile and logistic regression.

Results
The BCPE model with interval age groups yielded the best prediction performance in predicting obesity prevalence. Average absolute prediction errors across all age groups were 4.3 percentage points (95% percentile interval: 1.9, 7.5), 2.5 (1.2, 6.1) and 1.7 (1.0, 9.3), with data from Mexico, Colombia and Peru, respectively. This superiority was weak or none for overweight/obesity prevalence and median BMI.

Conclusion
The BCPE model performed better for prediction of the extremes of BMI distribution, possibly by incorporating its shape more precisely.
In Vitro Metabolic Profile Elucidation of Synthetic Cannabinoid APP-CHMINACA (PX-3)
Authors: Presley Brandon C , Logan Barry K , Jansen-Varnum Susan A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Indazole carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids remain the most prevalent subclass of new psychoactive substances (NPS) reported internationally. However, the metabolic and pharmacological properties of many of these compounds remain unknown. Elucidating these characteristics allows members of the clinical and forensic communities to identify causative agents in patient samples, as well as render conclusions regarding their toxic effects. This work presents a detailed report on the in vitro phase I metabolism of indazole carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid APP-CHMINACA (PX-3). Incubation of APP-CHMINACA with human liver microsomes, followed by analysis of extracts via high-resolution mass spectrometry, yielded 12 metabolites, encompassing 7 different metabolite classes. Characterization of the metabolites was achieved by evaluating the product ion spectra, accurate mass and chemical formula generated for each metabolite. The predominant biotransformations observed were hydrolysis of the distal amide group and hydroxylation of the cyclohexylmethyl (CHM) substituent. Nine metabolites were amide hydrolysis products, of which five were monohydroxylated, one dihydroxylated and two were ketone products. The metabolites in greatest abundance in the study were products of amide hydrolysis with no further biotransformation (M1), followed by amide hydrolysis with monohydroxylation (M2.1). Three APP-CHMINACA-specific metabolites were generated, all of which were hydroxylated on the CHM group; one mono-, di- and tri-hydroxylated metabolite each was produced, with dihydroxylation (M6) present in the greatest abundance. The authors propose that metabolites M1, M2.1 and M6 are the most appropriate markers to determine consumption of APP-CHMINACA. The methods used in the current study have broad applicability and have been used to determine the in vitro metabolic profiles of multiple synthetic cannabinoids and other classes of NPS. This research can be used to guide analytical scientists in method development, synthesis of reference material, pharmacological testing of proposed metabolites and prediction of metabolic processes of compounds yet to be studied.
Measure, Modulation and Metadesign: NC Fabrication in Industrial Design and Architecture
Authors: Brennan AnnMarie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Just as the capabilities of machine tool design influenced the aesthetic form of streamlined industrial design products during the mechanical age, the embedded curves and splines of digital software employed by architects today originated in the offices of automobile and aeroplane manufacturers from the post-war era. The use and reproduction of smooth, curvilinear forms would not appear in the field of architecture until many decades after their development within industrial design. The current relationship between architecture and industrial design is forged through the innovative use of Computer Numerical Control fabrication and the parametric procedures and software invented for its use. This article investigates the history of designing and fabricating complex, curved surfaces in industrial design and architecture in order to establish the technological and theoretical links between these two fields. It involves the transfer of technological knowledge amongst a diverse cast of designers, engineers and architects from multiple continents that took place over a period of 40 years. Moreover, this research claims that the origins of parametric architectural design can be found in this moment of developing and programming numerically controlled machines.
The Survival and Reproduction of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Different Plants: Exploring the Possible Host Range for a Serious Wheat Pest
Authors: Peng Xiong , Liu Lang , Guo Xin , Wang Peilei , Song Chunman , Su Sha , Fang Guijie , Chen Maohua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is one of the most economically important pests of wheat worldwide; however, the host ranges of R. padi remain unclear. Particularly, it is unknown which plants R. padi can survive and reproduce on after the harvest of crops. The results revealed that the survival, developmental times, longevity, and fecundity of the aphid varied among the 13 Gramineae weeds, with the life-history parameters significantly differing. The virginoparae could survive long-term and reproduce on 11 of the 13 weeds. Gramineae weeds can possibly play a significant role in the buildup of R. padi populations as reservoirs. The virginoparae could survive long term and reproduce on Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz (Liliflorae: Iridaceae), Iris tectorum Maxim. (Liliflorae: Iridaceae), Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperales: Cyperaceae), and Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Rhoeadales: Cruciferae), but not on Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Polygonales: Polygonaceae), F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. (Polygonales: Polygonaceae), Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Baker (Liliflorae: Liliaceae), and Ophiopogon japonicas (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl (Liliflorae: Liliaceae). Rhopalosiphum padi can survive and reproduce on non-Gramineae plants of different families. Detailed host range information would be helpful for more effective control of insect pests. The design and implementation of sustainable pest management strategies should consider the aphid population on weeds and other host plants.
Performance of Commercial Insecticide Formulations Against Different Developmental Stages of Insecticide-Resistant Tropical Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Leong Xin-Yeng , Kim Dae-Yun , Dang Kai , Singham G Veera , Doggett Stephen L , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study examined the presence of insecticide resistance in different developmental stages (adults, first instars, and eggs) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) using several insecticide formulations. Adults and first instars of five strains (Queensland, Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Mertajam, Saujana, and Krystal Point) were evaluated using the surface contact method and compared with a susceptible strain (Monheim) of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. The insecticide formulations were used at their label rates in this study: Tandem (thiamethoxam [11.6%], lambda-cyhalothrin [3.5%]) at 183.96 mg/m2; Temprid SC (imidacloprid [21%], beta-cyfluthrin [10.5%]) at 106.13 mg/m2; Sumithion 20CS (fenitrothion [20%]) at 250 mg/m2; Pesguard FG161 (d-tetramethrin [4.4%], cyphenothrin [13.2%]) at 110 mg/m2; and Sumithrin 10SEC (d-phenothrin [10%]) at 100 mg/m2. Results showed a very high level of resistance to Pesguard FG161 (388.3 to >605.0 times) and Sumithrin (302.9 to >365.5 times) in all adults of the strains tested, whereas low to high levels of resistance were registered for Tandem (1.4–4.7 times), Temprid (7.3–16.7 times), and Sumithion (1.2–14.6 times) for adults of all bed bug strains. For first instars, resistance to the former two formulations were high to very high (31.4–118.1 times). In contrast, they showed lower resistance to Tandem, Temprid, and Sumithion (1.0–10.2 times). An immersion method used to test on bed bug eggs found high to very high resistance toward all tested formulations. Results demonstrate that the resistance level varies between bed bug developmental stages.
Glucose Utilization in the Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Brown Planthopper
Authors: Pan Bi-Ying , Li Guo-Yong , Wu Yan , Zhou Zhong-Shi , Zhou Min , Li Can 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and hexokinase (HK) are two key enzymes in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, which catalyze the synthesis and degradation of glucose in insects, respectively. G6Pase and HK play an important role in insect growth by regulating the metabolism of glucose, leading to the efficient metabolism of other macromolecules. However, it is unclear whether these genes could be investigated for pest control through their actions on chitin metabolism. We studied the potential functions of G6Pase and HK genes in the regulation of chitin metabolism pathways by RNAi technology. Interference with G6Pase expression did not affect trehalose and chitin metabolism pathways in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). However, knockdown of the HK gene resulted in a significant decrease of expression of genes associated with the trehalose metabolic pathway but had no significant effect on trehalase activity, trehalose content, or glucogen content. Additionally, HK knockdown resulting in downregulation of the genes involved in chitin metabolism in the brown planthopper. These insects also showed wing deformities and difficulty in molting to varying degrees. We suggest that the silencing of HK expression directly inhibited the decomposition of glucose, leading to impaired chitin synthesis.
Comprehensive analysis of variation of cadmium accumulation in rice and detection of a new weak allele of OsHMA3
Authors: Sun Cuiju , Yang Meng , Li Yuan , Tian Jingjing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liang Limin , Liu Zonghao , Chen Kai , Li Yutong , Lv Kai , Lian Xingming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExcessive cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice poses a potential threat to human health. Rice varieties vary in their Cd content, which depends mainly on root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. However, cultivars accumulating high Cd in the natural population have not been completely investigated. In this study, we analyzed the variation in Cd accumulation in a diverse panel of 529 rice cultivars. Only a small proportion (11 of 529) showed extremely high root-to-shoot Cd transfer rates, and in seven of these cultivars this was caused by two known OsHMA3 alleles. Using quantitative trait loci mapping, we identified a new OsHMA3 allele that was associated with high Cd accumulation in three of the remaining cultivars. Using heterologous expression in yeast and comparative analysis among different rice cultivars, we observed that this new allele was weak at both the transcriptional and protein levels compared with the functional OsHMA3 genotypes. The weak Cd transport activity was further demonstrated to be caused by a Gly to Arg substitution at position 512. Our study comprehensively analyzed the variation in root-to-shoot Cd translocation rates in cultivated rice and identified a new OsHMA3 allele that caused high Cd accumulation in a few rice cultivars.
The MiMeS survey of magnetism in massive stars: magnetic properties of the O-type star population
Authors: Petit V , Wade G A , Schneider F R N , Fossati L , Kamp K , Neiner C , David-Uraz A , Alecian E ,   the MiMeS Collaboration
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe an analysis of the MiMeS (Magnetism in Massive Stars) survey of O-type stars to explore the range of dipolar field strengths permitted by the polarization spectra that do not yield a magnetic detection. We directly model the Stokes V profiles with a dipolar topology model using Bayesian inference. The noise statistics of the Stokes V profiles are in excellent agreement with those of the null profiles. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we conclude that a model in which all the stars in our sample were to host 100 G, dipolar magnetic field can be ruled out by the MiMeS data. Furthermore, if all the stars with no detection were to host a magnetic field just below their detection limit, the inferred distribution in strength of these undetected fields would be distinct from the known distribution in strength of the known magnetic O-type stars. This indicates that the 'initial magnetic field function' (IBF) is likely bimodal – young O-type stars are expected to have either weak/absent magnetic fields or strong magnetic fields. We also find that better upper limits, by at least a factor of 10, would have been necessary to rule out a detection bias as an explanation for the apparent lack of evolved main-sequence magnetic O-type stars reported in the literature, and we conclude that the MiMeS survey cannot confirm or refute a magnetic flux decay in O-type stars.
Global dynamics of the interstellar medium in magnetized disc galaxies
Authors: Körtgen Bastian , Banerjee Robi , Pudritz Ralph E , Schmidt Wolfram 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMagnetic fields are an elemental part of the interstellar medium in galaxies. However, their impact on gas dynamics and star formation in galaxies remains controversial. We use a suite of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of isolated disc galaxies to study the influence of magnetic fields on the diffuse and dense gas in the discs. We find that the magnetic field acts in multiple ways. Stronger magnetized discs fragment earlier due to the shorter growth time of the Parker instability. Due to the Parker instability in the magnetized discs, we also find cold ($T \lt 50\, \mathrm{K}$) and dense ($n\sim 10^3 {--}10^4\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$) gas several hundred pc above/below the mid-plane without any form of stellar feedback. In addition, magnetic fields change the fragmentation pattern. While in the hydrodynamic case, the disc breaks up into ring-like structures, magnetized discs show the formation of filamentary entities that extent both in the azimuthal and radial direction. These kpc scale filaments become magnetically (super-)critical very quickly and allow for the rapid formation of massive giant molecular clouds. Our simulations suggest that major differences in the behaviour of star formation – due to a varying magnetization – in galaxies could arise.
Cosmic-ray-driven outflow from the Galactic Centre and the origin of magnetized radio filaments
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F , Wardle M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Radio, X-ray, and infrared observations of the inner few hundred parsecs of the Galactic Centre have highlighted two characteristics of the interstellar medium. The cosmic-ray ionization rate derived from molecular ions such as H$^+_3$ is at least two to three orders of magnitude higher than in the Galactic disc. The other is bipolar X-ray and radio emission away from the Galactic plane. These features are consistent with a scenario in which high cosmic-ray pressure drives large-scale winds away from the Galactic plane. The interaction of such a wind with stellar wind bubbles may explain the energetic non-thermal radio filaments found throughout the Galactic Centre. Some of the implications of this scenario is the removal of gas driven by outflowing winds, acting as a feedback to reduce the star formation rate in the central molecular zone (CMZ), and the distortion of azimuthal magnetic field lines in the CMZ to vertical direction away from the plane. The combined effects of the wind and the vertical magnetic field can explain why most magnetized filaments run perpendicular to the galactic plane. This proposed picture suggests our Milky Way nucleus has recently experienced starburst or black hole activity, as recent radio and X-ray observations indicate.
PL3.3 Second interim and first molecular analysis of the EORTC randomized phase III intergroup CATNON trial on concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in anaplastic glioma without 1p/19q codeletion
Authors: van den Bent M J , Erridge S , Vogelbaum M A , Nowak A K , Sanson M , Brandes A A , Wick W , Clement P M , Baurain J F , Mason W , Wheeler H , Weller M , Aldape K , Wesseling P , Kros J M , Tesileanu C M S , Golfinopoulos V , Gorlia T , Baumert B G , French P J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The 1st interim analysis of the CATNON trial showed benefit from adjuvant (adj) temozolomide (TMZ) on overall survival (OS) but remained inconclusive about concurrent (conc) TMZ. A 2nd interim analysis was planned after 356 events.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The 2x2 factorial design phase III CATNON trial randomized 751 adult patients with newly diagnosed non-codeleted anaplastic glioma to either 59.4 Gy radiotherapy (RT) alone; the same RT with concTMZ; the same RT and 12 cycles of adjTMZ or the same RT with both concTMZ and adjTMZ (doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31442-3). MGMT promoter methylation (MGMTmeth) status was re-assessed with the Infinium Methylation EPIC Beadchip using the MGMT_STP27 model. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH) mutation (mt) status was assessed with glioma targeted Agilent SureSelect baits sequence using an Illumina HiSeq2500 Rapid PE100.

RESULTS
With a median follow-up of 56 months and 356 events, the hazard ratio (HR) for OS adjusted for stratification factors after concTMZ was 0.968 (99.1% CI 0.73, 1.28). 5-year OS was 50.2% with and 52.7% without concTMZ (95% CI [44.4, 55.7] and [46.9, 58.1]). An IDHmt was found in 335 of 480 assessed cases (70%). Median OS was 19 mo (95% CI 16.3, 22.3) in IDHwt tumors and 116 mo (95% CI 82.0, 116.6) in IDHmt tumors. The interaction test based on IDH status was significant (p=0.016) in the univariate HR analysis for OS after concTMZ (IDHwt, n=145, events=120, HR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.89, 1.82, p=0.19; IDHmt, n=335, events=92, HR= 0.67, 95% CI 0.44, 1.03, p=0.06). IDHmt was predictive of benefit from adjTMZ (IDHmt HR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.27, 0.64; IDHwt: HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.73, 1.52; interaction test p = 0.001). In IDHmt patients that received adjTMZ, the HR for OS after concTMZ was 0.71 (95% CI 0.35, 1.42, p=0.32). MGMTmeth was found in 288 of 410 assessed cases (70%), interaction test for concTMZ (p = 0.092) and adjTMZ (p = 0.166) did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION
In the entire study cohort, concTMZ did not increase OS. However, in IDHmt tumors a trend towards benefit of concTMZ is present. AdjTMZ increased OS in IDHmt but not in IDHwt tumors. Further analyses and follow-up will allow full assessment of efficacy in the molecular subgroups.