bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendon Surgery in Browns Syndrome
Authors: Maggi R , Maggi C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Purpose: Longitudinal tenectomy of the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle resulted in full recovery in a series of cases of Brown's syndrome after surgery by one of the authors.
Methods: A survey of the records of cases of Brown's syndrome was done to assess the criteria for patients requiring surgery and to evaluate the methods used. Included in the study were 9 eyes of 7 patients who underwent surgery over the course of 1 year. Criteria identified in cases in this study include: preoperative compulsory head tilt in primary position of gaze, severe restriction of Hess chart in the affected eye, and an enlarged field in the healthy eye; intraoperative thickening of the tendon preventing free slippage through the trochlea in the forced duction test. The surgical method consisted of trimming a swelling that was consistently found on the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle in all patients undergoing surgery. Enough of the swelling was removed to allow free slippage of the tendon through the trochlea, as judged by the forced duction test. Sulphamide powder soaked in delayed action steroid compound (methy !prednisolone acetate) was applied to prevent postoperative adhesions.
Results: A normal head posture and a satisfactory upward vergence were achieved in all patients from the first days after surgery, and were maintained throughout the follow up, as shown in the pre- and postoperative photographs and Hess charts.
Conclusions: A preliminary exploration of the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle is warranted in cases of Brown's syndrome; when a thickening of the tendon is found, its surgical trimming is advised. Our findings suggest that delayed development of the trochlea may be a possible cause of Brown's syndrome.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:33-38.
Comparative Evaluation of Diclofenac and Dexamethasone Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Kamlesh  
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium 0.1 % with dexamethasone 0.1% following strabismus surgery.
Methods: In this study, 58 patients undergoing strabismus surgery were evaluated. They were randomized into two groups: 29 patients received topical 0.1% diclofenac (Croup A), and 29 patients received 0.1% dexamethasone (Group B) for 4 weeks. The baseline parameters were similar in both groups. At each visit comprehensive ocular examination was performed to record patient discomfort, conjunctival inflammation, gap, and intraocular pressure. Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, postoperatively.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of resolution of the inflammation, conjunctival healing, and intraocular pressure except rise of intraocular pressure at the fourth postoperative week in group B (P value <0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that diciofenac may be used as an alternative to dexamethasone after strabismus surgery.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:166-168.
Sutureless Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a New 25-Gauge Transconjunctival System
Authors: Yoon Young H , Kim Deok-Soo , Kim June-gone , Hwang Jong-uk 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitreoretinal surgery using a new 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 41 consecutive patients were treated from July 2003 to October 2003. Diagnoses included diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (n = 19), diabetic tractional retinal detachment (n = 4), diabetic macular edema (n = 2), macular hole (n = 3), epiretinal membrane (n = 2), branch retinal vein occlusion (n = 3), central retinal vein occlusion (n = 1), vitreous opacity (n = 4), retinal detachment (n = 1), capsular block syndrome (n = 1), and submacular hemorrhage (n = 1). The procedure was combined with phacoemulsification in 14 eyes.
* RESULTS: All except 3 patients were operated on under retrobulbar anesthesia only. Four cases required the superior sclerotomy to be converted to a 20-gauge procedure. The mean operation time was 33 minutes and the mean balanced salt solution used was 59 cc. The mean visual acuity improved rapidly during 3 to 4 weeks following 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy from 20/275 to 20/125, and then to 20/100 during the subsequent 5 months. Transient hypotony occurred in only 1 eye. Neither wound leakage nor infection was identified.
* CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations in surgical indications, 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy appeared to increase the efficiency of vitrectomy and to facilitate postoperative visual recovery in various vitreoretinal diseases.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:12-19.]
Posterior Capsule Opacity and Choroidal Neovascularization in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Rumelt Shimon , Pollack Ayala 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To present a series of 3 patients with the dry form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in whom choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was observed following neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three consecutive patients aged 80 to 87 years (average = 83.7 years) with hard drusen or retinal pigment epithelial changes underwent uneventful cataract extraction between 6 months and 20 years before undergoing Nd:YAG capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacity. The patients were examined for retinal changes before laser treatment and at regular intervals after treatment.
* RESULTS: All patients developed CNV between 12 days and 1 month after capsulotomy that caused a decrease in the visual acuity from 20/20-20/40 to 20/200-counting fingers at 4 feet. The fellow eye did not show a substantial change in AMD over a year of follow-up. Two of the fellow eyes had disciform scar due to CNV before the cataract surgery, and these patients remained legally blind.
* CONCLUSIONS: The development of CNV after Nd:YAG capsulotomy suggests a temporal association between the two and calls for further study. Because posterior capsule opacity may mask CNV, patients with dry AMD and posterior capsule opacity who experience decreased visual acuity or glare may undergo indocyanine green angiography before it is decided to perform Nd:YAG capsulotomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:20-24.]
Results of Trabeculectomy With Adjunctive Intraoperative Mitomycin C in Chinese Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Tham Clement C Y , Lai Jimmy S M , Poon Agnes S Y , Lai Timothy Y Y , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the results of trabeculectomy with adjunctive intraoperative mitomycin C in Chinese patients with glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of Chinese patients who received trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C from 1992 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. A "successful" trabeculectomy was defined as one after which the intraocular pressure (IOP) could be controlled to between 5 and 21 mm Hg, inclusive, with no more than 3 glaucoma medications.
* RESULTS: One hundred fourteen trabeculectomies in 105 eyes of 90 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age ± standard deviation was 48.1 ± 21.9 years. Primary open-angle glaucoma (43.0%) and angle-closure glaucoma (27.2%) were the most common diagnoses leading to trabeculectomy. The mean follow-up ± standard deviation was 29.6 ± 18.6 months (range, 6 to 92 months). The overall success rate at the last followup was 73.7% (84 of 114 trabeculectomies).
* CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is a safe and effective procedure for the control of IOP in Chinese patients with glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:33-41.]
Optical Coherence Tomography of Idiopathic Juxtafoveolar Telangiectasia
Authors: Albini Thomas A , Benz Matthew S , Coffee Robert E , Westfall Andrew C , Lakhanpal Rohit R , McPherson Alice R , Holz Eric R 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To document optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a series of eyes with group 2A idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of patient charts, OCT, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography involving 23 eyes (12 patients). Mean retinal thickness in 9 macular areas was calculated and compared to previously published measurements from normal eyes.
* RESULTS: OCT in 8 of 13 stage 3 eyes revealed foveal cysts without evidence of cystoid macular edema on fluorescein angiography or biomicroscopy, and 1 lamellar hole. In stage 3 eyes, mild retinal thickening was found in 7 of 9 macular areas (P < .05).
* CONCLUSIONS: OCT commonly reveals foveal cysts in stage 3 idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia. Consistent findings of associated mild macular thickening and lack of late petaloid hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography suggest that these cysts differ in pathophysiology from cystoid macular edema.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:120128.]
Expression of Four Growth Factors in Recessed Extraocular Muscles of Rabbits
Authors: Shin Sun Young , Paik Doo Jin 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in recessed extraocular muscles.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 (group 3), 6 (group 6), 24 (group 24), and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits per group), and the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-β1 was immunohistochemically examined.
* RESULTS: The peak levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-β1 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF-2 was less expressed than the other growth factors in all groups.
* CONCLUSIONS: IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-β1 in regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound healing after recession of extraocular muscles.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:129-137.]
Atomically Dispersed Scandium in Cuprous Oxide Weakens *CO Adsorption to Boost Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Toward C2 Products
Authors: Chen Rongzhen , Jiang Yuhang , Zhu Yihua , Zhang Ling , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) is a promising metal for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to value‐added C2 products. However, as the key intermediate for C─C coupling to form C2 products, *CO intermediate is difficult to adsorb on the Cu surface on a moderate level. Rare earth elements possess a distinctive electronic structure that effectively regulates the local density of surrounding atoms, yet has rarely been investigated. Herein, different rare earth metals are screened doping Cu2O and found that Sc atomically dispersed Cu2O can weaken the CO adsorption on the catalyst surface and lower the energy barrier of the C─C coupling step through in situ ATR‐SEIRAS and DFT calculations. Therefore, the as‐prepared Sc0.09‐Cu2O catalyst presents improved eCO2RR to C2 product performance with a faradic efficiency of 71.9% at a current density of 600 mA cm−2.
High Polarization‐Sensitive Synaptic Transistor Based on Perovskite Nanowire Array for Efficient Biometric Recognition
Authors: Yang Peng , Yu Xipeng , Yu Rengjian , Gao Changsong , Zhang Peng , Lin Tao , Chen Gengxu , Chen Huipeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the digital age, biometric recognition technology is highly valued and widely used in biometrics, security detection, and personalized medicine. This demands more efficient and diverse extraction methods. Traditional techniques rely on natural light, often failing to capture all necessary information and facing issues like high energy consumption and bulky design due to component separation, thus not meeting current high demands. In this paper, a polarization‐sensitive synaptic phototransistor based on perovskite nanowire is developed using nanoimprint technology, effectively integrating artificial photonic synapses with polarized light detection to enhance system integration. Notably, this device achieves a high polarization ratio of 2.2 under different polarization angles. Additionally, it features memory‐like optical synapse functionality, improving fingerprint recognition accuracy by 225% compared to natural light. This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional optical systems, meeting the needs of security, medical, and research fields to a certain extent.
Free‐Charge Carrier Generation in Homojunction Non‐Polymeric Organic Semiconductor Films – The Role of the Optical Frequency Dielectric Constant
Authors: Mallo Neil , McAnally Shaun , Jin Hui , Brooks Eucalyptus , Chu Ronan , Babazadeh Mohammad , Smyth James , Huang David M. , Hight‐Huf Nicholas , Reid Obadiah G. , Rumbles Garry , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEngineering the dielectric constant (ε) to lower the exciton binding energy of the light‐absorbing semiconductor can improve organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance. Here, a series of materials are reported with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) acceptor end groups and a central glycolated bis(4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene) unit with large low‐frequency (εlf = 7.4–7.9 at 0.1–0.2 MHz) and optical‐frequency (εopt up to 6.6 at 2 × 1014 Hz) dielectric constants. The INCN end groups differed in whether they were protonated, chlorinated, or fluorinated, with the latter having the highest εopt. An εopt of 6.6 is predicted to lead to a low exciton binding energy of ≈0.04 eV. Time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements showed a temperature‐dependent yield–mobility product, with it increasing linearly from 340 K. The onset temperature was near that required to overcome the calculated exciton binding energy and indicates increased free charge generation in a homojunction film. Room temperature transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that photoexcitation rapidly converted to a lower energy state that was consistent with the formation of polarons or a charge transfer state. This work provides experimental evidence of the importance of εopt for the generation of free charges, and a strategy for development of efficient single chromophore homojunction OPV devices.
Semi‐Interpenetrating Network Electrolytes Utilizing Ester‐Functionalized Low Tg Polysiloxanes in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Petry Jannik , Dietel Markus , Thelakkat Mukundan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPE) obtained from polyesters are viable alternatives to polyethylene oxide‐based materials, especially for room‐temperature applications. In SPEs, the ion conduction is dependent on the polymer segmental mobility and is thus facilitated by low glass transition temperature (Tg). Here, the study synthesizes an ester‐funtionalized polysiloxane‐based polymer electrolyte with an exceptionally low Tg of −76 °C, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 2.6 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and a lithium transference number of 0.72. However, the low Tg and consequently low mechanical stability require reinforcement to promote the formation of stable lithium‐electrolyte interfaces in lithium plating stripping experiments and stable battery cycling in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). For this, the SPE is incorporated into a network structure to yield a semi‐interpenetrating network electrolyte (SPE20‐SIPN) which results in significantly improved storage modulus by three orders of magnitude and ionic conductivity is maintained upon crosslinking. The SPE20‐SIPN exhibits stable cycling for up to 50 cycles with fluctuation (voltage noise) in some of the cells. A combination of crosslinking and nanoparticle addition (SPE20‐N10‐SIPN) overcomes the voltage noise and results in high coulombic efficiencies and high capacity retention above 80% for 200 cycles in solvent‐free, all‐solid‐state LMBs at 30 °C.
Fabrication and Characterizations of Microwave‐Assisted Gelatin Cross‐Linked LBG/Guar Gum–Based Super Porous Hydrogels With Metformin Hydrochloride for Open Incision Wound Healing
Authors: Dey Ishika , Ruidas Avijit , Hazra Ahana , Paul Pankaj , Giri Subhankar , Dubey Navneet , Bhowmick Pratibha , Bhowmick Mithun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to fabricate gelatin cross‐linked Locust bean gum (LBG)/guar gum–based hydrogels with microwave assistance for diabetic wound healing applications and evaluate it for physicochemical properties. In the last few years, microwave irradiation has gained acceptance as a reliable technique for quickening and streamlining chemically modified reactions. In order to achieve this, metformin‐loaded LBG and guar gum–based hydrogel were formulated employing microwave radiation. Moreover, the microwave‐assisted–based metformin hydrogel are microwave‐assisted reaction sudden increase in temperature may led to distortion of molecules, very vigorous and which may be hazardous, but environmental sustainability and friendly chemistry concepts are supported by microwave irradiation. The optimized formulation (F3) showed significantly improved physicochemical properties, with a swelling capacity of 480.4% ± 2.5%. The results indicate an appropriate duration for adequate drugs diffusion and nutrition exchange. Controlled disintegrate and sustained release of embedded drug molecules from F3 may have an impact on antibacterial activity. The study indicated that microwave‐assisted polymer blend hydrogels had adequately improved physical qualities, making them a promising candidate for improving diabetic wound healing and hastening skin tissue regeneration.
What is in a Rating? Exploring the Link Between the Italian Legality Rating and Earnings Management
Authors: Bertacchini Federico , Magri Carlotta , Gabrielli Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCorporate legality is a key dimension of business strategy. However, due to the difficulties associated with its measurement, little has been done to study the activities and behaviors that legally responsible companies enact towards their stakeholders. To address this gap, we consider the Italian Legality Rating (LR) as a proxy for corporate legality to study the earnings quality of legally responsible companies. Considering the theoretical framework of stakeholder theory and agency theory, we hypothesize that the LR scores and the presence of LR are associated with higher earnings quality. Based on a dataset of over 126,000 companies, the results of the analyses confirm our hypotheses and highlight the role of the LR as an effective tool to recognize ethically responsible companies. Our study provides valuable practical insights to private companies and public institutions.
MTHFD1 Regulates Autophagy to Promote Growth and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer via the PI3K‐AKT–mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Zhihao , Ke Haoxian , Cai Jiawei , Ye Shubiao , Huang Junfeng , Zhang Chi , Yuan Ming , Lan Ping , Wu Xianrui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMethylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) is the enzyme with the activities of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Our aim was to elucidate the function of MTHFD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsIn vitro assessments of the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of CRC cells were conducted using Immunohistochemistry, Transwell invasion assays, Western blot (WB), and Cell counting Kit‐8 assays. WB was also utilized to measure autophagy protein levels and PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway expression. Furthermore, the role of MTHFD1 was evaluated in vivo by using subcutaneous xenograft tumor models and lateral tail vein metastasis models of human CRC in nude mice.ResultsOverexpression of MTHFD1 promoted the abilities of tumorigenesis and metastasis in CRC in vitro and in vivo and reduced autophagy, attributing to the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway in CRC cells. In contrast, the down‐regulation of MTHFD1 increased autophagy and suppressed their proliferation, migration, and invasion.ConclusionsMTHFD1 can modulate the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway to suppress autophagy and stimulate tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Structural, DFT, Molecular Docking and Biological Activity of New Albendazole‐Norfloxacin Mixed‐Ligand Complexes: Promising Metal Complexes for Combating Microbial Resistance and Inflammation
Authors: Khalaf Mai M. , El‐Lateef Hany M. Abd , Abdou Aly 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a comprehensive characterization of the Fe(III) (C1) and Co(II) (C2) complexes that were synthesized from the Albendazole (Alb) and Norfloxacin (Nor) ligands. The complexes exhibit remarkable thermal stability, low water solubility, and a non‐electrolytic nature, characteristics that enhance their suitability for diverse applications. Conductivity measurements indicate molar conductivities of 9.85 and 8.59 Ω−1 cm2 mol−1, confirming their status as neutral molecules. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals significant ligand‐metal interactions, marked by shifts in vibrational frequencies that confirm chelation, while Ultraviolet‐Visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy supports the identification of octahedral geometries for both complexes. Magnetic moment assessments align with their electronic configurations, and stoichiometric analysis consistently shows a 1:1:1 ratio, further validated by mass spectrometry. Thermal stability studies highlight anhydrous characteristics and distinct thermal decomposition behaviors, underscoring their structural integrity. Employing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP functional, we evaluate the electronic properties of the ligands and their metal complexes, revealing reduced energy gaps (ΔE) of 2.29 eV for C1 and 2.15 eV for C2, significantly lower than those of the ligands (Alb: 4.61 eV, Nor: 4.17 eV), indicating enhanced reactivity and potential biological activity. Additionally, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps provide insights into charge distributions, suggesting critical regions for interactions with biomolecules. Notably, the results demonstrate that metal coordination significantly enhances antibacterial/anti‐fungal activity surpassing both the free ligands and the standard antibiotic Ofloxacin/Fluconazole. Furthermore, the complexes show significant improvement in anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting protein denaturation more effectively than their ligand counterparts. Molecular docking studies reveal stronger binding affinities and interactions with antimicrobial target proteins 1HNJ and 5IKT, attributed to enhanced hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. These findings position C1 and C2 as promising candidates for developing effective antimicrobial therapies, highlighting the crucial role of metal ions in enhancing biological reactivity and addressing resistant strains of pathogens.