bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient and Transition Factors in Modeling Permafrost Thaw and Groundwater Flow
Authors: Langford Joelle E. , Schincariol Robert A. , Nagare Ranjeet M. , Quinton William L. , Mohammed Aaron A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPermafrost covers approximately 24% of the Northern Hemisphere, and much of it is degrading, which causes infrastructure failures and ecosystem transitions. Understanding groundwater and heat flow processes in permafrost environments is challenging due to spatially and temporarily varying hydraulic connections between water above and below the near‐surface discontinuous frozen zone. To characterize the transitional period of permafrost degradation, a three‐dimensional model of a permafrost plateau that includes the supra‐permafrost zone and surrounding wetlands was developed. The model is based on the Scotty Creek basin in the Northwest Territories, Canada. FEFLOW groundwater flow and heat transport modeling software is used in conjunction with the piFreeze plug‐in, to account for phase changes between ice and water. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) flow model is used to calculate ground temperatures and surface water balance, which are then used as FEFLOW boundary conditions. As simulating actual permafrost evolution would require hundreds of years of climate variations over an evolving landscape, whose geomorphic features are unknown, methodologies for developing permafrost initial conditions for transient simulations were investigated. It was found that a model initialized with a transient spin‐up methodology, that includes an unfrozen layer between the permafrost table and ground surface, yields better results than with steady‐state permafrost initial conditions. This study also demonstrates the critical role that variations in land surface and permafrost table microtopography, along with talik development, play in permafrost degradation. Modeling permafrost dynamics will allow for the testing of remedial measures to stabilize permafrost in high value infrastructure environments.
Serum retinol‐binding protein: a novel biomarker for recalcitrant cutaneous warts
Authors: El‐Esawy Fatma , Mustafa Amany I. , El‐Shimi Ola 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous viral warts are benign epidermal proliferations caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Despite treatment, a significant proportion of warts fail to resolve, becoming recalcitrant. Vitamin A (retinol) may disrupt the interplay of HPV replication and epithelial cell differentiation, allowing normal tissue to replace warts. Circulating retinol‐binding protein (RBP) concentrations highly correlate with retinol levels.AimWe aimed at evaluation of serum RBP level in patients with recalcitrant cutaneous warts in order to assess its correlation with disease pathogenesis.MethodsSerum RBP level was measured by an ELISA technique in 50 patients with recalcitrant cutaneous warts and 30 apparently healthy controls.ResultsSerum RBP level was significantly lower in patients with recalcitrant warts than the control group (P < 0.001). However, it did not differ regarding different clinical parameters in studied patients (P > 0.05 each). RBP is a reliable biomarker for significant early detection and discrimination between patients and healthy controls (P < 0.001) at a cutoff value ≤1034.6 μg/ml, with sensitivity and specificity (100% each).ConclusionOur results revealed that low serum RBP as a relatively cheap biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity is a reliable indicator of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency that may play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant cutaneous warts among our studied patients.
Intravesical irrigation might prevent bladder recurrence in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Sakamoto Shinichi , Imamura Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Inoue Toshihito , Chiba Kazuto , Miyazaki Kanetaka , Inoue Atsushi , Nagata Maki , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the effectiveness of intravesical irrigation with physiological saline solution or distilled water for the prevention of bladder recurrence in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 109 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients who underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and were evaluated at Chiba University Hospital and Yokohama Rosai Hospital between 2001 and 2018. We investigated the outcomes and analyzed various clinical factors including with or without intravesical irrigation related to bladder carcinoma recurrence after surgery. Physiological saline solution or distilled water was used for irrigation, which was carried out only during surgery.ResultsThe median follow‐up period after surgery was 26.1 months. Bladder recurrence was confirmed within 2 years for 45 of the 109 patients in the present study. Irrigation was carried out for 48 cases (distilled water, 26 patients; physiological saline solution, 22 patients). Tumor grade (G1–2 vs G3; P = 0.05) and intravesical irrigation (yes vs no; P = 0.0058) were related to bladder recurrence on univariate analyses. On multivariate analyses, intravesical irrigation was the independent factor involved in the prevention of bladder recurrence (P = 0.0051). Comparison between the irrigation and non‐irrigation groups showed that bladder recurrence rates were significantly lower in the irrigation group (irrigation group vs non‐irrigation group: 25.0% vs 52.5%, P = 0.0066). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two solutions used for irrigation.ConclusionsIntravesical irrigation during surgery of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma might decrease postoperative bladder recurrence rates.
Potential of hyperbaric oxygen in urological diseases
Authors: Tanaka Tomoaki , Minami Akinori , Uchida Junji , Nakatani Tatsuya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen therapy is a promising medical technology that delivers oxygen to targeted tissues at high pressure to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood. Over the past three decades, hyperbaric oxygen has been used in a variety of conditions, including radiation‐induced tissue injuries, non‐healing states with ischemia and malignant neoplasms. In the field of urology, hyperbaric oxygen has also been applied to some pathological conditions (e.g. radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis, Fournier gangrene, interstitial cystitis, male infertility, acute kidney injury and urological cancers). In normal and injured tissues, hyperoxia from hyperbaric oxygen therapy contributes to anti‐inflammation, angiogenesis through endothelial proliferation, enhanced fibroblastic activity, increased lymphocyte and macrophage activity, and bactericidal effects with the aim of wound repair. In cancerous tissues, the enhanced supply of oxygen into the hypoxic cancer cells can exert inhibitory effects on factors that contribute to their aggressiveness (e.g. cell survival, escape from apoptosis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and tumor immunotolerance), and sensitize the tumor to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, further research, including multicenter clinical studies, is essential for determining the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in refractory urological diseases that are resistant to conventional therapies.
Hip fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to Victorian hospitals
Authors: Rao Nisha , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a paucity of epidemiological data in Australia on fracture rates in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using data from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset, we assessed the incidence of hip fractures requiring hospitalisation between 2006 and 2015, comparing those coded with and without the co‐morbidity CKD. ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes were used to determine hip fractures and comorbidities. Overall, 7.4% of 77 076 Victorian hospital admissions for hip fractures had CKD as a co‐morbidity, with an increasing proportion over the study period. Mortality was significantly higher in the CKD cohort compared to no CKD, perhaps in part due to increased associated comorbidities of diabetes and ischaemic heart disease.
Monolingual and bilingual infants’ word segmentation abilities in an inter‐mixed dual‐language task
Authors: Orena Adriel John , Polka Linda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies show that young monolingual infants use language‐specific cues to segment words in their native language. Here, we asked whether 8 and 10‐month‐old infants (N = 84) have the capacity to segment words in an inter‐mixed bilingual context. Infants heard an English‐French mixed passage that contained one target word in each language, and were then tested on their recognition of the two target words. The English‐monolingual and French‐monolingual infants showed evidence of segmentation in their native language, but not in the other unfamiliar language. As a group, the English‐French bilingual infants segmented in both of their native languages. However, exploratory analyses suggest that exposure to language mixing may play a role in bilingual infants’ segmentation skills. Taken together, these results indicate a close relation between language experience and word segmentation skills.
Teacher assessments during compulsory education are as reliable, stable and heritable as standardized test scores
Authors: Rimfeld Kaili , Malanchini Margherita , Hannigan Laurie J. , Dale Philip S. , Allen Rebecca , Hart Sara A. , Plomin Robert 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChildren in the UK go through rigorous teacher assessments and standardized exams throughout compulsory (elementary and secondary) education, culminating with the GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education) at the age of 16 and A‐level exams (Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education) at the age of 18. These exams are a major tipping point directing young individuals towards different lifelong trajectories. However, little is known about the associations between teacher assessments and exam performance or how well these two measurement approaches predict educational outcomes at the end of compulsory education and beyond.MethodsThe current investigation used the UK–representative Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) sample of over 5,000 twin pairs studied longitudinally from childhood to young adulthood (age 7–18). We used teacher assessment and exam performance across development to investigate, using genetically sensitive designs, the associations between teacher assessment and standardized exam scores, as well as teacher assessments’ prediction of exam scores at ages 16 and 18, and university enrolment.ResultsTeacher assessments of achievement are as reliable, stable and heritable (~60%) as test scores at every stage of the educational experience. Teacher and test scores correlate strongly phenotypically (r ~ .70) and genetically (genetic correlation ~.80) both contemporaneously and over time. Earlier exam performance accounts for additional variance in standardized exam results (~10%) at age 16, when controlling for teacher assessments. However, exam performance explains less additional variance in later academic success, ~5% for exam grades at 18, and ~3% for university entry, when controlling for teacher assessments. Teacher assessments also predict additional variance in later exam performance and university enrolment, when controlling for previous exam scores.ConclusionsTeachers can reliably and validly monitor students’ progress, abilities and inclinations. High‐stakes exams may shift educational experience away from learning towards exam performance. For these reasons, we suggest that teacher assessments could replace some, or all, high‐stakes exams.
Oro‐facial pain experience among symphony orchestra musicians in Finland is associated with reported stress, sleep bruxism and disrupted sleep—Independent of the instrument group
Authors: Ahlberg Jari , Wiegers Jetske W. , van Selms Maurits K. A. , Peltomaa Miikka , Manfredini Daniele , Lobbezoo Frank , Savolainen Aslak , Tuomilehto Henri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate whether oro‐facial pain experience was related to the type of musical instrument and to learn more about the roles of sleep and sleep‐related issues in the pain among professional musicians.ObjectivesA standard questionnaire was sent to all Finnish symphony orchestras (n = 19), with altogether 1005 professional musicians and other personnel.MethodsThe questionnaire covered descriptive data, instrument group, items on perceived quality of sleep, possible sleep bruxism, stress experience and oro‐facial pain experience during the past 30 days.ResultsIn the present study, which included the musicians only, the response rate was 58.7% (n = 488). All orchestras participated in the study, and there was no significant difference in the response rate between the orchestras. The mean age of men (52.3%) was 47.7 (SD 10.3) and of women (47.7%) was 43.4 (SD 9.8) years (P < 0.001). Overall, current pain in the oro‐facial area was reported by 28.9%, frequent bruxism by 12.1% and frequent stress by 20.8%. According to Somers' d, there were statistically significant but moderate correlations between overall pain reports in the oro‐facial area and disrupted sleep (d = 0.127, P = 0.001), sleep bruxism (d = 0.241, P < 0.001) and stress experiences (d = 0.193, P < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed, independent of the instrument group (string, woodwind, brass wind, percussion), that current oro‐facial pain experience was significantly associated with disrupted sleep (P = 0.001), frequent sleep bruxism (P < 0.001) and frequent stress (P = 0.002) experiences.ConclusionsAmong symphony orchestra musicians, oro‐facial pain experience seems to be related to perceptions of stress, sleep bruxism and disrupted sleep rather than the instrument group.
Class II functional appliance treatment and dynamic three‐dimensional mimic muscle evaluation
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFunctional appliances have skeletal and dentoalveolar treatment effects, but knowledge on their effect on facial expressions is limited.ObjectiveTo analyse changes in facial expressions, using three‐dimensional (3D) mimic muscle evaluation, in growing children with Class II malocclusion and large overjet, undergoing functional appliance treatment.MethodsFifteen growing children with Class II division 1 malocclusion, selected prospectively, had dynamic 3D recordings of facial expressions prior to and 12 months after commencing functional appliance treatment. Facial expressions recorded were smile and lip pucker, and the movements of the oral commissures were analysed, as well as mouth width and its symmetry. A control group of fifteen age‐ and sex‐matched growing children without immediate need for orthodontic treatment had similar recordings prior to and after a 12‐month observation period.ResultsIn the treatment group, the Class II malocclusion in all children improved after 12 months of functional appliance wear. With regard to movements of the oral commissures, the initial recordings of the treatment group did not show any significant differences to the control group for neither smile nor lip pucker. Differences were noted however when looking at mouth width asymmetry, where this tended to become more symmetrical in the functional appliance treatment group, during rest and during smiling, while it became more asymmetrical in the untreated control group.ConclusionThe use of removable functional appliances in children with Class II division 1 malocclusion may have a positive effect on mouth width symmetry when smiling, making it more symmetrical.
An Empirical Analysis of Market Reactions to the First Solvency and Financial Condition Reports in the European Insurance Industry
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Heidinger Dinah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 2017, insurers in the European Union disclosed their Solvency and Financial Condition Reports (SFCRs) according to the third pillar of Solvency II for the first time. The aim of this article is to empirically analyze market reactions to the first SFCRs for all publicly listed insurers in the European Union that published an English report based on an event study. We thereby investigate which key figures and textual attributes matter most to investors, using regression analyses and text mining approaches. We also discuss potential areas for improvement concerning SFCR disclosure, such as a central public disclosure platform and further standardization of disclosure requirements, which could further enhance the goals of transparency and market discipline in relation to Solvency II's Pillar 3. Our results show that SFCR key figures matter more than textual features. Specifically, we find a significantly positive market impact of the solvency ratio calculated without transitionals or adjustments and a significantly negative one for the solvency capital requirement (SCR).
The CM carbonaceous chondrite regolith Diepenveen
Authors: Langbroek Marco , Jenniskens Peter , Kriegsman Leo M. , Nieuwenhuis Henk , De Kort Niek , Kuiper Jacob , Van Westrenen Wim , Zolensky Michael E. , Ziegler Karen , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Sanborn Matthew E. , Wimpenny Josh , Yamakawa Akane , De Vet Sebastiaan J. , Meier Matthias M. M. , Welten Kees C. , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Caffee Marc W. , Burton Aaron S. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , Wu Qinghao , Zare Richard N. , Ruf Alexander , Harir Mourad , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe ,   The Diepenveen Meteorite Consortium
Published: May 2019

AbstractA carbonaceous chondrite was recovered immediately after the fall near the village of Diepenveen in the Netherlands on October 27, 1873, but came to light only in 2012. Analysis of sodium and poly‐aromatic hydrocarbon content suggests little contamination from handling. Diepenveen is a regolith breccia with an overall petrology consistent with a CM classification. Unlike most other CM chondrites, the bulk oxygen isotopes are extremely16O rich, apparently dominated by the signature of anhydrous minerals, distributed on a steep slope pointing to the domain of intrinsic CM water. A small subset plots closer to the normal CM regime, on a parallel line 2 ‰ lower in δ17O. Different lithologies in Diepenveen experienced varying levels of aqueous alteration processing, being less aqueously altered at places rather than more heated. The presence of an agglutinate grain and the properties of methanol‐soluble organic compounds point to active impact processing of some of the clasts. Diepenveen belongs to a CM clan with ~5 Ma CRE age, longer than most other CM chondrites, and has a relatively young K‐Ar resetting age of ~1.5 Ga. As a CM chondrite, Diepenveen may be representative of samples soon to be returned from the surface of asteroid (162173) Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
Effect of severe diarrhoea on kidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Ha Jongwon , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAimIn addition to immunological complications, non‐immunological events should be considered following kidney transplantation. Among them, diarrhoea is the most common gastrointestinal complication, but its effect on transplant outcomes remains unclear.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent kidney transplantation between May 1993 and December 2017. Patients with diarrhoea as the chief complaint at admission were defined as the diarrhoea group. Transplant outcomes were compared between the diarrhoea and non‐diarrhoea groups.ResultsAmong a total of 1704 kidney recipients, severe diarrhoea that required hospitalization was identified in 84 (4.9%) patients. Patients with diarrhoea showed higher risks of graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.77 (2.98–7.64)) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.17 (4.09–12.58)) than did patients without diarrhoea. The risk of de novo donor‐specific antibody was also elevated in the diarrhoea group, although there was no change in the risk of biopsy‐proven rejection. In subgroup analysis, the aetiology of diarrhoea, as well as a change in immunosuppressant following diarrhoea, showed no significant differences in graft survival. However, incomplete recovery from concurrent acute kidney injury was significantly associated with graft loss.ConclusionDiarrhoea is related to poor graft and patients’ outcomes in kidney recipients. An effort to recover from concurrent acute kidney injury is important for improved graft survival.
Frequency and outcomes of kidney donation from intensive care patients with acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy
Authors: Sanders Jo M , Opdam Helen I , Furniss Hayley , Hughes Peter D , Kanellis John , Jones Daryl 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundKidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end‐stage renal failure. Unfortunately, donor organ shortages prevent many individuals receiving a renal transplant and there is a need to increase the pool of appropriate donors. The presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in deceased donors has traditionally been a relative contraindication to renal transplantation, even though renal recovery may be favorable in the absence of chronic renal disease.MethodsWe undertook an 8 years retrospective observational study of potential deceased organ donors with AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). We evaluated the rate of successful transplantation as well as short term and outcomes at a median of 19.5 (13.0–52.7) months after donation.ResultsAmongst 1058 consented potential organ donors, 39 patients had AKI requiring RRT, of which 19 became donors (13 not medically suitable, 7 did not proceed to donation). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) donor age was 41 (34–50) years and norepinephrine, epinephrine and vasopressin were given to 18, 14 and 9 donors, respectively. From the 38 donated kidneys 34 were transplanted. The median (IQR) age of recipients was 53 (42.8–58.5) years and they were dialysis free in a median (IQR) of 5.5 (2.3–10.8) days. Only minor abnormalities were found at 3 and 6 months renal biopsies, and two patients experienced graft failure in the first 12 months.ConclusionAmongst deceased donors with AKI receiving RRT and vasoactive medications outcomes of renal transplantation seems acceptable in the absence of pre‐existing renal failure and other donor co‐morbidity. Such patients may be an important additional source of kidney donation.
Corticular photosynthesis drives bark water uptake to refill embolized vessels in dehydrated branches of Salix matsudana
Authors: Liu Junxiang , Gu Lin , Yu Yongchang , Huang Ping , Wu Zhigang , Zhang Qian , Qian Yongqiang , Wan Xianchong , Sun Zhenyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is well known that xylem embolism can be repaired by bark water uptake and that the sugar required for embolism refilling can be provided by corticular photosynthesis. However, the relationship between corticular photosynthesis and embolism repair by bark water uptake is still poorly understood. In this study, the role of corticular photosynthesis in embolism repair was assessed using Salix matsudana branch segments dehydrated to −1.9 MPa (P50, water potential at 50% loss of conductivity). The results indicated that corticular photosynthesis significantly promoted water uptake and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the bark and xylem during soaking, thereby effectively enhancing the refilling of the embolized vessels and the recovery of hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, the influence of the extent of dehydration on the embolism refilling enhanced by corticular photosynthesis was investigated. The enhanced refilling effects were much higher in the mildly dehydrated (−1.5 MPa) and moderately dehydrated (−1.9 MPa) branch segments than in the severely dehydrated (−2.2 MPa) branch segments. This study provides evidence that corticular photosynthesis plays a crucial role in xylem embolism repair by bark water uptake for mildly and moderately dehydrated branches.