bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
There is no right to the death of the fetus
Authors: Hendricks Perry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJoona Räsänen, in his article ‘Ectogenesis, abortion and a right to the death of the fetus’ (this journal), has argued for the view that parents have a right to the death of the fetus. In this brief article, I will explicate the three arguments Räsänen defends, and show that two of them have false or unmotivated premises and hence fail, and that the support he offers for his third argument is inconsistent with other views he expresses in his article. Therefore, I conclude that there is no right to the death of the fetus, or, if there is one, Räsänen has not shown it.
Monocytes as immune targets in arterial hypertension
Authors: Wenzel Philip 
Published: June 2018

The role of myelomonocytic cells appears to be critical for the initiation, progression and manifestation of arterial hypertension. Monocytes can induce vascular inflammation as well as tissue remodelling and (mal)adaptation by secreting chemokines and cytokines, producing ROS, expressing coagulation factors and transforming into macrophages. A multitude of adhesion molecules promote the infiltration and accumulation of monocytes into the kidney, heart, brain and vasculature in hypertension. All these facets offer the possibility to pharmacologically target monocytes and may represent novel therapeutic ways to treat hypertension, attenuate hypertension‐associated end organ damage or prevent the development or worsening of high blood pressure.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
Adjusting insulin doses in patients with type 1 diabetes who use insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring: Variations among countries and physicians
Authors: Nimri Revital , Dassau Eyal , Segall Tomer , Muller Ido , Bratina Natasa , Kordonouri Olga , Bello Rachel , Biester Torben , Dovc Klemen , Tenenbaum Ariel , Brener Avivit , Šimunović Marko , Sakka Sophia D. , Nevo Shenker Michal , Passone Caroline GB , Rutigliano Irene , Tinti Davide , Bonura Clara , Caiulo Silvana , Ruszala Anna , Piccini Barbara , Giri Dinesh , Stein Ronnie , Rabbone Ivana , Bruzzi Patrizia , Omladič Jasna Šuput , Steele Caroline , Beccuti Guglielmo , Yackobovitch‐Gavan Michal , Battelino Tadej , Danne Thomas , Atlas Eran , Phillip Moshe 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo evaluate physicians' adjustments of insulin pump settings based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for patients with type 1 diabetes and to compare these to automated insulin dose adjustments.MethodsA total of 26 physicians from 16 centres in Europe, Israel and South America participated in the study. All were asked to adjust insulin dosing based on insulin pump, CGM and glucometer downloads of 15 patients (mean age 16.2 ± 4.3 years, six female, mean glycated haemoglobin 8.3 ± 0.9% [66.8 ± 7.3 mmol/mol]) gathered over a 3‐week period. Recommendations were compared for the relative changes in the basal, carbohydrate to insulin ratio (CR) and correction factor (CF) plans among physicians and among centres and also between the physicians and an automated algorithm, the Advisor Pro (DreaMed Diabetes Ltd, Petah Tikva, Israel). Study endpoints were the percentage of comparison points for which there was full agreement on the trend of insulin dose adjustments (same trend), partial agreement (increase/decrease vs no change) and full disagreement (opposite trend).ResultsThe percentages for full agreement between physicians on the trend of insulin adjustments of the basal, CR and CF plans were 41 ± 9%, 45 ± 11% and 45.5 ± 13%, and for complete disagreement they were 12 ± 7%, 9.5 ± 7% and 10 ± 8%, respectively. Significantly similar results were found between the physicians and the automated algorithm. The algorithm magnitude of insulin dose change was at least equal to or less than that proposed by the physicians.ConclusionsPhysicians provide different insulin dose recommendations based on the same datasets. The automated advice of the Advisor Pro did not differ significantly from the advice given by the physicians in the direction or magnitude of the insulin dosing.
Nation-building Through Compulsory Schooling during the Age of Mass Migration
Authors: Bandiera Oriana , Mohnen Myra , Rasul Imran , Viarengo Martina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhy did America introduce compulsory schooling laws at a time when financial investments in education and voluntary school attendance were high? We provide qualitative and quantitative evidence that states adopted compulsory schooling laws as a nation-building tool to instil civic values to the culturally diverse migrants during the ‘Age of Mass Migration’ between 1850 and 1914. We show the adoption of compulsory schooling laws occurred significantly earlier in states that hosted European migrants with lower exposure to civic values in their home countries. Using cross-county data, we show that these migrants had significantly lower demand for American schooling pre-compulsion.
A case study for late Archean and Proterozoic biogeochemical iron‐ and sulphur cycling in a modern habitat—the Arvadi Spring
Authors: Koeksoy Elif , Halama Maximilian , Hagemann Nikolas , Weigold Pascal R. , Laufer Katja , Kleindienst Sara , Byrne James M. , Sundman Anneli , Hanselmann Kurt , Halevy Itay , Schoenberg Ronny , Konhauser Kurt O. , Kappler Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs a consequence of Earth's surface oxygenation, ocean geochemistry changed from ferruginous (iron(II)‐rich) into more complex ferro‐euxinic (iron(II)‐sulphide‐rich) conditions during the Paleoproterozoic. This transition must have had profound implications for the Proterozoic microbial community that existed within the ocean water and bottom sediment; in particular, iron‐oxidizing bacteria likely had to compete with emerging sulphur‐metabolizers. However, the nature of their coexistence and interaction remains speculative. Here, we present geochemical and microbiological data from the Arvadi Spring in the eastern Swiss Alps, a modern model habitat for ferro‐euxinic transition zones in late Archean and Proterozoic oceans during high‐oxygen intervals, which enables us to reconstruct the microbial community structure in respective settings for this geological era. The spring water is oxygen‐saturated but still contains relatively elevated concentrations of dissolved iron(II) (17.2 ± 2.8 μM) and sulphide (2.5 ± 0.2 μM) with simultaneously high concentrations of sulphate (8.3 ± 0.04 mM). Solids consisting of quartz, calcite, dolomite and iron(III) oxyhydroxide minerals as well as sulphur‐containing particles, presumably elemental S0, cover the spring sediment. Cultivation‐based most probable number counts revealed microaerophilic iron(II)‐oxidizers and sulphide‐oxidizers to represent the largest fraction of iron‐ and sulphur‐metabolizers in the spring, coexisting with less abundant iron(III)‐reducers, sulphate‐reducers and phototrophic and nitrate‐reducing iron(II)‐oxidizers. 16S rRNA gene 454 pyrosequencing showed sulphide‐oxidizing Thiothrix species to be the dominating genus, supporting the results from our cultivation‐based assessment. Collectively, our results suggest that anaerobic and microaerophilic iron‐ and sulphur‐metabolizers could have coexisted in oxygenated ferro‐sulphidic transition zones of late Archean and Proterozoic oceans, where they would have sustained continuous cycling of iron and sulphur compounds.
The impact of hydrolyzing and oxidizing agents on chemical composition and digestibility of various high‐fibre forages
Authors: Miccoli Florencia E. , Arelovich Hugo M. , Martínez Marcela F. , Bravo Rodrigo D. , Menghini Mariano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUrea (U), sodium hypochlorite (H) and sodium chloride (S) alone or combined were applied upon high‐fibre forages (HFF) in three experiments. Experiment (Exp) I: tall wheatgrass (TW), weeping lovegrass (WL), deferred sorghum (DS) and barley straw (BS) as substrates were untreated (U0) or treated with 4 g 100 g−1 DM (U4), and stored for 45 days. Within each forage, CP and IVDMD were increased by U4 (p < 0.01). Exp II: TW was treated with U and H: U (as in Exp I) and H (at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 g active Cl 100 g−1 DM), alone or combined. The interaction U*H was significant for ADF, ADL and CP. For U4+H0.25 ADF and ADL decreased (p < 0.01). For U0, ADL was reduced from H.025 through H1.00 (p < 0.05). U4 increased IVDMD and CP (p < 0.01). Exp III: oat straw (O) was treated with U0 and U4, H0 and H1, S0 and S4 (4 g S 100 g−1 DM), including all combinations at 3 storage times (T = 10, 20 and 30 days). Interactions U*S*H*T for ADL, U*H*T for NDF and CP and S*H*T for IVDMD (p < 0.05) were found. ADF was reduced by U4, H1 and S1 (p < 0.01). The greatest decrease (4.5%) was with U4. Principal components analysis showed U4S4H1 highly related to IVDMD for all T. All treatments had little or no impact on NDF, ADF and ADL content. Lower quality forages had greatest improvements in digestibility and N‐retention.
Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with high‐pressure homogenisation for the preparation of polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles from the by‐product of Flammulina velutipes
Authors: Wang Wenhang , Wu Zinan , Wang Xiao , Li Cong , Zhang Kai , Zhou Jingyang , Cheng Shan , Lu Fuping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, protease, α‐amylase and 5‰ β‐glucanase enzymolysis in combination with high‐pressure homogenisation were used for the preparation of polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles from Flammulina velutipes stipes, respectively, named FNP‐1, FNP‐2 and FNP‐3, and the nanoparticles were subsequently characterised. The FNP size distribution ranged from 50 nm to 300 nm, among which FNP‐2 and FNP‐3 were smaller than FNP‐1, based on the SEM images. GC‐MS results showed that these particles were mainly composed of glucose and glucosamine. The FNP dispersions at 1 wt% behaved as non‐Newtonian, shear‐thinning fluids, and the FNP‐3 dispersion presented superior viscoelasticity. With an increasing degree of enzymolysis, the thermal stability of the FNPs decreased. In addition, these particles presented various cation‐exchange properties. Therefore, the Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles obtained from this study can be potentially used as a promising functional food ingredient in the food industry.
Comparison of DNA extraction methods for entomological origin identification of honey using simple additive weighting method
Authors: Kek Siok Peng , Chin Nyuk Ling , Tan Sheau Wei , Yusof Yus Aniza , Chua Lee Suan 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFour different DNA protocols were compared to obtain the best method for DNA extraction of bees in honey samples. The efficiency was evaluated in terms of DNA concentration and purity, PCR amplification capacity targeting mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and execution time. The most efficient DNA extraction method was selected using simple additive weighting (SAW) analysis. The DNeasy method with silica membrane spin‐column format scored highest in the final ranking of SAW compared to CTAB‐based, Wizard and NucleoSpin methods. It yielded extracted DNA with sufficient concentration (second highest), acceptable purity (1.5–2.0), amplifiable for 16S rRNA gene region, and required least extraction time. This recommended DNA extraction protocol suggests that genomic methodologies using a 150 bp amplicon of the 16S rRNA gene of bees enables identification of the entomological origin of honey.
The market response to implied debt covenant violations
Authors: Stice Derrald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrevious research documents a negative stock price reaction to the announcement of a debt covenant violation (DCV). However, managers of firms that violate a covenant often obtain waivers and renegotiate debt contracts with lenders before the SEC requires them to disclose a violation. Firms therefore may not report some covenant violations, and prior research has not documented their cost to shareholders. Exploiting the fact that over half of all private debt contracts contain a debt covenant reliant on some variation of accounting earnings, I construct a sample of firms with debt contracts that contain at least one earnings‐based covenant. Combining earnings‐based‐covenant contract values from debt agreements with information publicly available at the earnings announcement date, I predict firms in violation of a debt covenant and provide evidence that equity investors react negatively to these implied violations, regardless of whether managers ever disclose that a violation occurred. In additional tests, I find no evidence of a negative stock price reaction to a firm disclosure of a DCV that market participants could infer from previously reported earnings, but I demonstrate that equity investors do react to the disclosure of a violation of a balance‐sheet covenant that would not have been inferable. This study complements previous research on DCVs by documenting the costliness to shareholders of violations subsequently resolved with lenders but not disclosed.
Altered T‐cell subsets and transcription factors in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults taking sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor: A 1‐year open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xia , Yang Lin , Cheng Ying , Zheng Peilin , Hu Jingping , Huang Gan , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor has been proven to improve glycemic control and β‐cell function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The potential immune modulation mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we tested T‐lymphocyte subsets and expression of relevant transcription factors in LADA patients with sitagliptin intervention for up to 1‐year.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 LADA patients were randomly assigned to sitagliptin and/or insulin treatment (SITA group; n = 20) or insulin alone treatment (CONT group; n = 20). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The percentage of T‐lymphocyte subsets (T helper 1, T helper 2, T helper 17 and regulatory T cells) tested by flow cytometry, and the messenger ribonucleic acid expression (T box expressed in T cells [T‐BET], GATA binding protein 3 [GATA3], forkhead box protein 3 [FOXP3] and related orphan receptor C [RORC]) tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction were determined at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.ResultsThe percentage of regulatory T cells in the SITA group was significantly lower than that of the CONT group at baseline. The percentage of T helper 2 cells was higher than that of the CONT group at 6 months and 12 months. At 12 months, the percentage of T helper 17 cells was lower in the SITA group than that of the CONT group. After a 1‐year visit, the messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of T‐BET expressed in T cells and RORC in the SITA group were significantly lower than at baseline. Whereas that of RORC in the CONT group were significantly lower than that at baseline.ConclusionsThe data confirmed that sitagliptin altered the phenotype of T cells and downregulated the expression of T‐BET and RORC in LADA patients, and ameliorated glycemic control in LADA patients.
Barcodes Reveal 48 New Species ofTetrahymena,Dexiostoma, andGlaucoma: Phylogeny, Ecology, and Biogeography of New and Established Species
Authors: Doerder F. Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTetrahymenamitochondrialcox1 barcodes and nuclearSSUrRNAsequences are particularly effective at distinguishing among its many cryptic species. In a project to learn more aboutTetrahymenanatural history, the majority of >1,000Tetrahymena‐like fresh water isolates were assigned to establishedTetrahymenaspecies with the remaining assigned to 37 new species ofTetrahymena, nine new species ofDexiostomaand 12 new species ofGlaucoma. Phylogenetically, all but threeTetrahymenaspecies belong to the well‐established “australis” or “borealis” clades; the minority forms a divergent “paravorax” clade. MostTetrahymenaspecies are micronucleate, but others are exclusively amicronucleate. The self‐splicing intron of theLSUrRNAprecursor is absent inDexiostomaandGlaucomaand was likely acquired subsequent to the “australis/borealis” split; in some instances, its sequence is diagnostic of species.Tetrahymena americanis,T. elliotti,T. gruchyin. sp., andT. borealis, together accounted for >50% of isolates, consistent with previous findings for established species. The biogeographic range of species found previously in Austria, China, and Pakistan was extended to the Nearctic; some species show evidence of population structure consistent with endemism. Most species were most frequently collected from ponds or lakes, while others, particularlyDexiostomaspecies, were collected most often from streams or rivers. The results suggest that perhaps hundreds of species remain to be discovered, particularly if collecting is global and includes hosts of parasitic forms.
The Causal Inference Framework: A Primer on Concepts and Methods for Improving the Study of Well‐Woman Childbearing Processes
Authors: Tilden Ellen L. , Snowden Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe causal inference framework and related methods have emerged as vital within epidemiology. Scientists in many fields have found that this framework and a variety of designs and analytic approaches facilitate the conduct of strong science. These approaches have proven particularly important for catalyzing knowledge development using existing data and addressing questions for which randomized clinical trials are neither feasible nor ethical. The study of healthy women and normal childbearing processes may benefit from more direct and deliberate engagement with the process of inferring causes and, further, may be strengthened through use of methods appropriate for this undertaking. The purpose of this primer, the first in a series of 3 articles, is to provide the reader an introduction to concepts and methods relevant for causal inference, aimed at the clinician scientist and offer details and references supporting further application of epidemiologic knowledge. The causal inference framework and associated methods hold promise for generating strong, broadly representative, and actionable science to improve the outcomes of healthy women during the childbearing cycle and their children.
The treatment of hyaluronic acid aesthetic interventional induced visual loss (AIIVL): A consensus on practical guidance
Authors: Humzah M Dalvi , Ataullah Saj , Chiang ChenAn , Malhotra Raman , Goldberg Robert 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundVisual loss (blindness) caused by injection of soft tissue fillers is a rare but devastating issue to both patient and practitioner. There is a lack of any structured protocol in the management of this problemAimsTo produce a pathway for the management of hyaluronic acid aesthetic interventional induced visual loss that was based on the current available literature and guidelines. evidence proposed guidance for the practical management of this problem. was evaluated and a pathway has been developed for patient management and specialist adviceMethodA consensus group experts involved in aesthetic intervention, visual loss research and with experience in dealing with visual loss assessed the current literature and proposed guidelines available. Using the protocols available a pathway for the treatment of aesthetic interventional induced visual loss was proposed.ResultsThe group produce a set of guidelines for the practitioner to use as an emergency situation and for use in a delayed presentation. The group also produced guidelines for specialists to use in a secondary care setting.ConclusionsThese recommendations are based on current publications and or consensus view as there is still a lack of robust Level I data to support any particular intervention therapy.
PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS SOFTWARE: AN EXPLORATORY BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE OPTIONS
Authors: Daraio Cinzia , Kerstens Kristiaan H.J. , Nepomuceno Thyago Celso Cavalcante , Sickles Robin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe software available to implement and carry out efficiency analysis is crucial for the diffusion of efficiency frontier techniques among applied researchers and policy makers. The implementation of up‐to‐date productivity and efficiency analysis is indeed important to advance our knowledge in many fields, ranging from the public and regulated sectors to the private ones. This contribution fills a gap in the existing literature and surveys the currently available options to estimate a variety of frontier methodologies using either general or dedicated programs. We outline directions for future research.
Comparison of the sulfur-oxygenation of cysteine and S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine in human hepatic cytosol and the rôle of cysteine dioxygenase
Authors: Steventon Glyn B , Khan Samera , Mitchell Stephen C 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the Km, Vmax, cofactor, activator and inhibitor requirements of human cysteine dioxygenase and S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine S-oxygenase with respect to both l-Cysteine and S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine as substrates.

Methods
In vitro human hepatic cytosolic fraction enzyme assays were optimised for cysteine dioxygenase activity using l-Cysteine as substrate and the effect of various cofactors, activators and inhibitors on the S-oxidations of both l-Cysteine and S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine were investigated.

Key findings
The results of the in vitro reaction phenotyping investigation found that although both cysteine dioxygenase and S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine S-oxygenase required Fe2+ for catalytic activity both enzymes showed considerable divergence in cofactor, activator and inhibitor specificities. Cysteine dioxygenase has no cofactor but uses NAD+ and NADH(H+) as pharmacological chaperones and is not inhibited by S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine. S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine S-oxygenase requires tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor, is not activated by NAD+ and NADH(H+) but is activated by l-Cysteine. Additionally, the sulfydryl alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide, activated carboxymethyl-l-cysteine S-oxygenase but inhibited cysteine dioxygenase.

Conclusions
Human hepatic cytosolic fraction cysteine dioxygenase activity is not responsible for the S-oxidation of the substituted cysteine, S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine.
Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus, Do Not Respond to Microbial Phytase Superdosing
Authors: Li Menghe H. , Wise David J. , Mischke Charles C. , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Tiwari Ambika , Lucas Penelope M. , Tucker Craig S. , Torrans Eugene L. , Perera Thishya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted in consecutive years to evaluate the responses of hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus, to “superdosing” of 6‐phytase added to existing commercial catfish feeds. In each experiment, two diets with or without a phytase superdose (2500 and 5000 phytase units/kg, respectively) were compared. In Experiment 1, fingerlings (mean weight: 59 g/fish) were stocked in 17 0.4‐ha earthen ponds at 17,290 fish/ha and were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 198 d. In Experiment 2, fingerlings (mean weight: 47 g/fish) were stocked in 10 0.4‐ha ponds at 24,710 fish/ha and were fed for 128 d. In both experiments, there were no significant differences in total feed fed, gross yield, final fish weight, survival, or Blood packed cell volume between fish fed diets with or without phytase. The diets also had no significant effects on pond water column total phosphorus or chlorophyll a concentrations, but soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in ponds receiving the phytase diet in Experiment 2. Phytase superdosing of nutritionally complete feeds does not appear to have additional benefits beyond the standard phytase dose on production characteristics or packed cell volume of pond‐raised hybrid catfish and had no beneficial effects on water quality.