bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemogenetic Inhibition of the Amygdala Modulates Emotional Behavior Expression in Infant Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Raper Jessica , Murphy Lauren , Richardson Rebecca , Romm Zoe , Kovacs-Balint Zsofia , Payne Christa , Galvan Adriana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractManipulation of neuronal activity during the early postnatal period in monkeys has been largely limited to permanent lesion studies, which can be impacted by developmental plasticity leading to reorganization and compensation from other brain structures that can interfere with the interpretations of results. Chemogenetic tools, such as DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs), can transiently and reversibly activate or inactivate brain structures, avoiding the pitfalls of permanent lesions to better address important developmental neuroscience questions. We demonstrate that inhibitory DREADDs in the amygdala can be used to manipulate socioemotional behavior in infant monkeys. Two infant rhesus monkeys (1 male, 1 female) received AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine injections bilaterally in the amygdala at 9 months of age. DREADD activation after systemic administration of either clozapine-N-oxide or low-dose clozapine resulted in decreased freezing and anxiety on the human intruder paradigm and changed the looking patterns on a socioemotional attention eye-tracking task, compared with vehicle administration. The DREADD-induced behaviors were reminiscent of, but not identical to, those seen after permanent amygdala lesions in infant monkeys, such that neonatal lesions produce a more extensive array of behavioral changes in response to the human intruder task that were not seen with DREADD-evoked inhibition of this region. Our results may help support the notion that the more extensive behavior changes seen after early lesions are manifested from brain reorganization that occur after permanent damage. The current study provides a proof of principle that DREADDs can be used in young infant monkeys to transiently and reversibly manipulate behavior.
Higher CSF Tau Levels Are Related to Hippocampal Hyperactivity and Object Mnemonic Discrimination in Older Adults
Authors: Berron David , Cardenas-Blanco Arturo , Bittner Daniel , Metzger Coraline D. , Spottke Annika , Heneka Michael T. , Fliessbach Klaus , Schneider Anja , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Speck Oliver , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah 
Published: September 2019

Mnemonic discrimination, the ability to distinguish similar events in memory, relies on subregions in the human medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Tau pathology is frequently found within the MTL of older adults and therefore likely to affect mnemonic discrimination, even in healthy older individuals. The MTL subregions that are known to be affected early by tau pathology, the perirhinal-transentorhinal region (area 35) and the anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (alEC), have recently been implicated in the mnemonic discrimination of objects rather than scenes. Here we used an object-scene mnemonic discrimination task in combination with fMRI recordings and analyzed the relationship between subregional MTL activity, memory performance, and levels of total and phosphorylated tau as well as Aβ42/40 ratio in CSF. We show that activity in alEC was associated with mnemonic discrimination of similar objects but not scenes in male and female cognitively unimpaired older adults. Importantly, CSF tau levels were associated with increased fMRI activity in the hippocampus, and both increased hippocampal activity as well as tau levels were associated with mnemonic discrimination of objects, but again not scenes. This suggests that dysfunction of the alEC-hippocampus object mnemonic discrimination network might be a marker for tau-related cognitive decline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubregions in the human medial temporal lobe are critically involved in episodic memory and, at the same time, affected by tau pathology. Impaired object mnemonic discrimination performance as well as aberrant activity within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry have been reported in earlier studies involving older individuals, but it has thus far remained elusive whether and how tau pathology is implicated in this specific impairment. Using task-related fMRI in combination with measures of tau pathology in CSF, we show that measures of tau pathology are associated with increased hippocampal activity and reduced mnemonic discrimination of similar objects but not scenes. This suggests that object mnemonic discrimination tasks could be promising markers for tau-related cognitive decline.
UN PARTİKÜL BOYUTUNUN EKMEĞİN FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE RAF ÖMRÜ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ARSLAN TONTUL Sultan , ÇETİN BABAOĞLU Hümeyra 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada farklı partikül boyutuna sahip unlar ile
üretilen ekmeklerin depolanması sırasında meydana gelen fiziksel değişimlerin
belirlenmesi ve bayatlamanın kinetik olarak modellenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Farinograf ve ekstensograf testleri sonucunda ekmek hamurlarının un partikül
boyutunun azaltılmasının, hamurun reolojik özelliklerini geliştirdiği tespit
edilmiştir. Ekmek kabuğunun L*
parlaklık, 39.83 ile 53.28 değeri arasında değişmekle birlikte partikül
boyutunun azaltılması ekmek parlaklık değerini düşürmüştür. Tekstür profil
analizi sonucunda depolanan ekmeklerin sertlik değerlerinin yaklaşık olarak 2.7
kat arttığı ve en yüksek artışın ise 150 µ altı un partiküllerinden üretilen
ekmek örneklerinde gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Depolama süresince ekmeklerde
nem kaybı değerleri kontrol, 150-250 µ arası ve 150 µ altı örnekler için sırasıyla
%14.92, 0.53 ve 6.72 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ekmek bayatlamasının Avrami
kinetik modele uygunluğunun değerlendirildiği hesaplamalarda ise 1.85 ile en
yüksek n değerini ve 0.13 ile en düşük k değerini düşük partikül boyutlu unlar
kullanılarak üretilen ekmek örneklerinin aldığı belirlenmiştir.
SENSORY AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH SPINACH POWDER
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN KOÇ Gülşah , ERBAKAN Tuğçe , ARICI Elif , DİRİM Safiye Nur 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to
investigate the production of functional cakes with enriched nutritional value
and flavor with the addition of spinach powder (SP) to the formulation as a
replacement for the wheat flour at different ratios. The addition of SP
resulted in a significant decrease in the moisture content (26.63 - 28.96% for
the batters and 12.75 - 22.33% for the cakes) and water activity (0.902 - 0.880
for the batters and 0.722 - 0.822 for the cakes) values (P&lt;0.05). The addition of SP caused a significant
change in the color of the batters and cakes. The vitamin C content of the
batters and cakes increased depending on the amount of SP (P&lt;0.05). The highest weight loss (14.83%) and cooking
yield (89.40%) values were observed for the plain cake and cake with 10% SP,
respectively, where this cake had the highest sensorial acceptability by the
panelists.
A homozygous mutation in the highly conserved Tyr60 of the mature IGF1 peptide broadens the spectrum of IGF1 deficiency
Authors: Keselman Ana Claudia , Martin Ayelen , Scaglia Paula Alejandra , Sanguineti Nora María , Armando Romina , Gutiérrez Mariana , Braslavsky Débora , Ballerini María Gabriela , Ropelato María Gabriela , Ramirez Laura , Landi Estefanía , Domené Sabina , Castro Julia F , Cassinelli Hamilton , Casali Bárbara , del Rey Graciela , Barros Ángel Campos , Nevado Blanco Julián , Domené Horacio , Jasper Héctor , Arberas Claudia , Rey Rodolfo A , Lapunzina-Badía Pablo , Bergadá Ignacio , Pennisi Patricia A 
Published: September 2019

Background
IGF1 is a key factor in fetal and postnatal growth. To date, only three homozygous IGF1 gene defects leading to complete or partial loss of IGF1 activity have been reported in three short patients born small for gestational age. We describe the fourth patient with severe short stature presenting a novel homozygous IGF1 gene mutation.

Results
We report a boy born from consanguineous parents at 40 weeks of gestational age with intrauterine growth restriction and severe postnatal growth failure. Physical examination revealed proportionate short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, bilateral sensorineural deafness and mild global developmental delay. Basal growth hormone (GH) fluctuated from 0.2 to 29 ng/mL, while IGF1 levels ranged from −1.15 to 2.95 SDS. IGFBP3 was normal-high. SNP array delimited chromosomal regions of homozygosity, including 12q23.2 where IGF1 is located. IGF1 screening by HRM revealed a homozygous missense variant NM_000618.4(IGF1):c.322T>C, p.(Tyr108His). The change of the highly conserved Tyr60 in the mature IGF1 peptide was consistently predicted as pathogenic by multiple bioinformatic tools. Tyr60 has been described to be critical for IGF1 interaction with type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). In vitro, HEK293T cells showed a marked reduction of IGF1R phosphorylation after stimulation with serum from the patient as compared to sera from age-matched controls. Mutant IGF1 was also less efficient in inducing cell growth.

Conclusion
The present report broadens the spectrum of clinical and biochemical presentation of homozygous IGF1 defects and underscores the variability these patients may present depending on the IGF/IGF1R pathway activity.
Neonatal CPAP for Respiratory Distress Across Malawi and Mortality
Authors: Carns Jennifer , Kawaza Kondwani , Liaghati-Mobarhan Sara , Asibon Aba , Quinn Mary K. , Chalira Alfred , Lufesi Norman , Molyneux Elizabeth , Oden Maria , Richards-Kortum Rebecca 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Our aim in this observational study was to monitor continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) usage and outcomes in newborn wards at 26 government hospitals in Malawi after the introduction of CPAP as part of a quality-improvement initiative. CPAP was implemented in 3 phases from 2013 through 2015.

METHODS:
Survival to discharge was analyzed for neonates treated with nasal oxygen and/or CPAP with admission weights of 1 to 2.49 kg at 24 government hospitals with transfer rates &lt;15%. This analysis includes neonates admitted with respiratory illness for 5.5 months before (621 neonates) and 15 months immediately after CPAP implementation (1836 neonates). A follow-up data analysis was completed for neonates treated with CPAP at all hospitals during an additional 11 months (194 neonates).

RESULTS:
On implementation of CPAP, survival to discharge improved for all neonates admitted with respiratory distress (48.6% vs 54.5%; P = .012) and for those diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (39.8% vs 48.3%; P = .042). There were no significant differences in outcomes for neonates treated with CPAP during the implementation and follow-up periods. Hypothermia on admission was pervasive and associated with poor outcomes. Neonates with normal mean temperatures during CPAP treatment experienced the highest survival rates (65.7% for all neonates treated with CPAP and 60.0% for those diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome).

CONCLUSIONS:
A nurse-led CPAP service can improve outcomes for neonates in respiratory distress in low-resource settings. However, the results show that real-world improvements in survival may be limited without access to comprehensive newborn care, especially for small and sick infants.
Marco regulatorio cambiario y dinámica del sector externo: un análisis del caso argentino reciente
Authors: Feldman Germán David , Formento Alejandro 
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo analiza los aspectos institucionales que caracterizaron el funcionamiento del mercado cambiario argentino durante la etapa de la posconvertibilidad (2002-2017) y su impacto sobre la dinámica del sector externo. La revisión de los esquemas regulatorios vigentes durante las tres etapas que comprende este periodo, esto es, la de construcción del marco regulatorio del Mercado Único y Libre de Cambios (2002-2011), de control de cambios (2012-2015) y de liberalización (2016-2017), nos permite concluir que las reformas estructurales instrumentadas por el nuevo gobierno no solo no han revertido la tendencia hacia el deterioro del sector externo observada desde el 2011, sino que incluso han tendido a incorporar mayores riesgos sistémicos.
The effects of a mandatory play break on subsequent gambling among Norwegian video lottery terminal players
Authors: Auer Michael , Hopfgartner Niklas , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
Responsible gambling (RG) tools and initiatives have been introduced by social RG operators as a means to help prevent problem gambling. One such initiative is the use of mandatory play breaks (i.e., forced session terminations). Recommendations by RG experts for gambling operators to implement mandatory play breaks appear to be intuitively sensible but are not evidence-based.

Methods
The present authors were given access by the Norwegian gambling operator Norsk Tipping to data from 7,190 video lottery terminal (VLT) players who gambled between January and March 2018. This generated 218,523 playing sessions for further analysis. Once a gambling session reaches a 1-hr play duration, a forced session termination of 90 s comes into effect. This study evaluated the effect of mandatory play breaks on subsequent gambling.

Results
Compared to similar sessions identified using a matched-pairs design, results demonstrated that there was no significant effect of the forced termination regarding the amount of money staked in the subsequent gambling session or on the time duration of the subsequent gambling session.

Conclusions
Although expenditure was higher in the subsequent 24 hr for terminated sessions, this is likely due to higher intensity gamblers being more likely to trigger mandatory breaks. Implications of these findings are discussed.
A daganatos betegséggel összefüggő kognitív hanyatlás és annak vizsgálómódszerei
Authors: Ferencz Valéria , S. Nagy Zita , Tóth Miklós 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: A significant proportion of cancer patients reports a decline in their usual cognitive functions. This impairment may be the consequence of either the malignant disorder itself or the side-effect of the treatment. This impairment in cognitive skills was referred to with a sticky witty name as chemobrain or chemofog, reflecting on the old conception based on the assumption that solely the neurotoxic effect of chemotherapy was responsible for this kind of disturbances. However, today there is increasing evidence proving that such hypotheses can only partially explain the cognitive decline of cancer patients and cancer survivors. As a matter of fact, the cognitive impairment of cancer patients is a much more complex consequence of the malignant disorder than chemobrain or chemofog. Nowadays, this process is described as “cancer-related cognitive impairment” (CRCI). Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1495–1502.
PROGRAM EDUKASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BAGI SISWA RA UNTUK MEMAHAMKAN KONSEP “KANG PISMAN” MELALUI KEGIATAN BERMAIN
Authors: Kurniawan Dede Trie , Maryanti Sri , Yuliawati Astri , Tresnawati Nailah 
Published: September 2019

Sampah adalah masalah dunia. Perlu sebuah aksi pengurangan sampah dari hulu dengan konsep 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Berbagai macam sampah sebagai hasil samping kegiatan manusia terus diproduksi setiap harinya, maka Perlu adanya pembenahan budaya bagi masyarakat indonesia mengenai pengelolaan sampah plastik. Penanaman nilai kebersihan lingkungan terhadap anak sejak dini sangatlah penting, karena Anak-anak yang masih dalam tahap perkembangan berada pada proses imitasi dengan melihat apa yang orang dewasa di sekitarnya lakukan. Perlu dilakukan kegiatan edukasi lingkungan hidup mengenai gaya hidup bijak dalam penggunaan plastik melalui kegiatan mewarnai tas pakai ulang (Totebag) bagi anak anak. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan sebagai wahana edukasi lingkungan hidup dalam menanamkan sebuah gaya hidup “Zero Waste” melalui moto kang pisman (kurangi, pisahkan dan manfaatkan) kepada siswa RA disalah satu RA Kabupaten Bandung. Secara Garis besar Pelaksanaakan kegiatan ini dapat dikategorikan sukses dan berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat ditunjukan dengan sebagian besar pemberian respon dari peserta siswa RA, Guru dan Kepala sekolah RA yang mengungkapkan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat baik karena dapat memberikan manfaat dan memperluas wawasan mereka selaku anggota masyarakat yang di lingkungan mereka terkenal selalu rawan kejadian banjir akibat penanganan sampah plastik yang tidak baik.
Role of type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in remodeling of the left ventricular in coronary artery disease
Authors: Popov M. A. , Shumakov D. V. , Zybin D. I. , Gurevich L. E. , Ashevskaya V. E. , Babokin V. E. , Pronina V. P. 
Published: September 2019

Currently, the analysis of the fibrosis severity during the restructuring of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is studied in most of the research works devoted to “cardiac remodeling”. At the same time, the role of the basal membrane of cardiomyocytes in heart diseases was not studied. The basal membrane of cardiomyocytes is a highly organized layer of the ECM which is located on the outer side of the sarcolemma. Degradation of ECM components is carried out by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which have proteolytic activity and are actively involved in the process of ECM remodeling, destroying its components such as collagen, elastin, fibronectin, glycosaminoglycans and other structural components.Aim. To evaluate the ECM status in patients with coronary artery disease and its effect on left ventricular myocardial remodeling.Material and methods. Morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of left ventricular myocardial biopsies was performed in 16 patients undergoing left ventricular reconstruction in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting.Results. The IHC study revealed the accumulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. This accumulation was combined with partial or complete destruction of the basal membranes (BM) of cardiomyocytes formed by type IV collagen.Conclusion. Type IV collagen destruction in basal membranes of left ventricular cardiomyocyteswasrevealed. It iscausedbytheactionofmatrixmetalloproteinase-9, which accumulates in the cell cytoplasm.
Influence of Mortality on Estimating the Risk of Kidney Failure in People with Stage 4 CKD
Authors: Ravani Pietro , Fiocco Marta , Liu Ping , Quinn Robert R. , Hemmelgarn Brenda , James Matthew , Lam Ngan , Manns Braden , Oliver Matthew J. , Strippoli Giovanni F.M. , Tonelli Marcello 
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement
Risk calculators are widely used to predict kidney failure in people with CKD. These tools represent major advances compared with reporting eGFR alone because they provide objective risk assessment. These calculators are based on analysis methods that censor for death, which may result in overestimation of the risk of kidney failure. By analyzing data on a large population of patients with stage 4 CKD, the authors show that kidney failure risk estimates that censor for death consistently exceed the estimates from analyses that treat death as a competing risk, by 1%–27% at 5 years. Risk overestimation with methods that censor for death increases over time and is higher in people with more comorbidities. Not treating death as a competing risk in the risk calculator leads to overestimates of the risk of kidney failure in people with stage 4 CKD, which could have negative psychological effects on patients or contribute to overtreatment.

Background
Most kidney failure risk calculators are based on methods that censor for death. Because mortality is high in people with severe, nondialysis-dependent CKD, censoring for death may overestimate their risk of kidney failure.

Methods
Using 2002–2014 population-based laboratory and administrative data for adults with stage 4 CKD in Alberta, Canada, we analyzed the time to the earliest of kidney failure, death, or censoring, using methods that censor for death and methods that treat death as a competing event factoring in age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, eGFR, and albuminuria. Stage 4 CKD was defined as a sustained eGFR of 15–30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Results
Of the 30,801 participants (106,447 patient-years at risk; mean age 77 years), 18% developed kidney failure and 53% died. The observed risk of the combined end point of death or kidney failure was 64% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years. By comparison, standard risk calculators that censored for death estimated these risks to be 76% at 5 years and >100% at 7.5 years. Censoring for death increasingly overestimated the risk of kidney failure over time from 7% at 5 years to 19% at 10 years, especially in people at higher risk of death. For example, the overestimation of 5-year absolute risk ranged from 1% in a woman without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or albuminuria and with an eGFR of 25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (9% versus 8%), to 27% in a man with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, albuminuria >300 mg/d, and an eGFR of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (78% versus 51%).

Conclusions
Kidney failure risk calculators should account for death as a competing risk to increase their accuracy and utility for patients and providers.
Detection of virulent thermophilic Campylobacter species in communal chickens
Authors: Bissong Marie E.A. , Ateba Collins N. 
Published: September 2019

Campylobacter is a foodborne pathogen found in the gut of poultry and other animals, which thereby act as reservoirs for human infection. Campylobacter produces various virulence factors which contribute to the establishment of disease. The aim of this study was to detect virulence genes in Campylobacter isolated from chicken faeces. A total of 408 poultry cloacal samples were analysed through culture, PCR and DNA sequencing. Campylobacter were detected in 24 (5.9 %) of the samples, of which 21 were C. jejuni while 3 were C. coli. The cdtB gene was detected in all Campylobacter isolates while cdtA and cdtC genes were detected in 20 (83.3%) and 18 (75.0%) of the isolates, respectively. The cadF gene was detected in 18 (85.7%) C. jejuni but not in C. coli. Eight genotypes designated G1 to G8 were detected among the isolates. Genotypes G1 and G7 possessed all three cdt genes, a potential for producing functionally active toxins. A large proportion (70.8%) of the isolates possessed both genes for toxin production and adhesion. The high prevalence of cdt and cadF genes in Campylobacter species in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of the isolates. There is a need to implement control measures to curb the spread of these virulent strains.
Significance:

Virulent thermophilic campylobacters cause severe health complications in humans.
Although chicken meat is the main source of human infections, there is limited data on the occurrence of Campylobacter in chicken faeces in southern Africa.
This study adds to literature on the occurrence of virulent strains of Campylobacter species, notably through the deposition of the DNA sequences of our local strains into GenBank®.
Communal chickens may serve as a source of virulent thermophilic campylobacters to humans, resulting in serious public health implications.

Open data sets:
MF872608 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872608.1 MF872609 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872609.1MF872610 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872610.1MF872611 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872611.1MF872612 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MF872612.1