bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myofascial Release and Muscle Retraining for Dropped Head Syndrome Attributed to Radiation Fibrosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Series
Authors: Dixey Joanne , Purohit Kash , Greenfield Diana M. 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose:
This article reviews the current knowledge base of dropped head syndrome and presents the case histories of 7 patients with a diagnosis of this condition at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, through the Late Effects Clinic. All patients were referred for physiotherapy, and the assessment findings and subsequent treatment provided are discussed in detail.

Case Description:
Seven patients who were consecutively referred to physiotherapy and presented with signs and symptoms of suspected dropped head syndrome following previous treatment with mantle radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma are discussed. Physiotherapy was delivered at various time intervals and duration on a one-to-one basis. Interventions were delivered to restore soft tissue length, rehabilitate proprioception, increase neck stabilizer strength, and retraining of muscles through range both locally and distally.

Outcomes:
All 7 patients reported subjective improvements in pain and function, with objective improvements in local and distal posture, tolerance to maintain head on neck position, and ability to grade through range neck movement locally. No formal outcome measures were used, as this is a retrospective report.

Conclusion:
Physiotherapy can offer short-term subjective and objective improvements in head on neck posture and control and effect more distal postural changes. Longer-term maintenance of improvements gained has yet to be determined. The most effective time point posttreatment for therapy intervention requires further research as does the type of physiotherapy intervention to be offered.
Oncology Section EDGE Task Force on Urogenital Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Measures for Incontinence
Authors: Jeffrey Alicia , Harrington Shana E. , Hill Alexandra , Roscow Amanda , Alappattu Meryl 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Compared with the general population, women and men with urogenital and colorectal cancers experience higher rates of urinary and fecal incontinence. Although a variety of measures exist to assess these areas, currently, there are no guidelines recommending which outcomes rehabilitation professionals should administer to examine these impairments in those with cancer.

Purpose:
To identify outcome measures for assessing urinary and fecal incontinence and evaluate their psychometric data and applicability to the cancer population.

Methods:
Multiple electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) were reviewed using specific search terms to locate articles that identify outcome measures assessing urinary and fecal incontinence. As part of a larger effort to identify outcome measures for both incontinence and sexual dysfunction, 1118 articles were initially identified, 228 articles were reviewed, and 37 outcome measures were selected for analysis, 13 of which were related to urinary and fecal incontinence. Each incontinence outcome measure was independently reviewed and rated by 2 reviewers using the Cancer Evaluation Database to Guide Effectiveness (EDGE) Task Force Outcome Measure Rating Form. Any discrepancies between reviewers were discussed, and an overall recommendation for each outcome measure was made using the 4-point Cancer EDGE Task Force Rating Scale.

Results:
The Task Force was able to highly recommend 1 measure addressing urinary incontinence (American Urological Association Symptom Index) and 2 measures assessing urinary and fecal incontinence (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory–Short Form, and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire–Short Form). The Task Force also recommended 2 measures of urinary incontinence that demonstrated strong psychometric properties but had not yet been evaluated in the cancer population (Incontinence Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form). The Task Force was unable to recommend any measures that solely addressed fecal incontinence.

Conclusions:
Five of the 13 outcome measures assessing urinary incontinence and 2 of the 13 measures assessing urinary and fecal incontinence demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and application to the urogenital cancer population and are thereby recommended for use by the Task Force.
A Descriptive Report of Early Mobilization for Critically Ill Ventilated Patients With Cancer
Authors: Weeks Amanda , Campbell Claudine , Rajendram Prabalini , Shi Weiji , Voigt Louis P. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Early mobilization protocols have been successfully implemented to improve function in critically ill patients; however, no study has focused on the oncology population.

Objectives:
To investigate the feasibility of early mobilization and describe the rehabilitation interventions and discharge outcomes in a cohort of critically ill patients with cancer.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients with cancer who participated in occupational and physical therapy while on mechanical ventilation, using an institutional early mobilization protocol from June 2010 to July 2011, was completed. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted, as well as occupational and physical therapy interventions.

Results:
A cohort of 42 patients with cancer on mechanical ventilation in the mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit of a comprehensive cancer center received early mobilization during the study period. The majority of participants demonstrated improved cognitive and functional status from the intensive care unit to hospital discharge. There were no reported adverse events during the occupational and physical therapy sessions. Among the 30 hospital survivors, 53% required continued rehabilitation services in their home environment and 40% were transferred to a rehabilitation facility.

Limitations:
Because of the small sample size, these findings are not generalizable to all critically ill patients with cancer. There was no post–acute care follow-up of cognitive and physical functional performance.

Conclusion:
Early mobilization appears to be feasible in addressing the cognitive and functional needs of oncology patients in the intensive care unit.
Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique
Authors: Zapata Karina A. , Karol Lori A. , Jeans Kelly A. , Jo Chan-Hee 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate gross motor skills [Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd ed (BOT-2)] of patients with idiopathic clubfoot initially treated nonoperatively with either the French functional physical therapy (PT) method or the Ponseti technique, at age 10 years.

Methods:
The BOT-2 was administered by trained physical therapists on patients with idiopathic clubfoot at age 10 years. The cohort was divided by initial treatment method (PT or Ponseti), and compared. Subsequent analyses included comparisons of: initial clubfoot severity (Dimeglio scores: ≤13 vs. >13), laterality (unilateral vs. bilateral), and surgical versus nonoperative outcome.

Results:
Of the 183 patients tested, 172 were included. The Ponseti and PT groups did not significantly differ according to age, height, weight, body mass index, ankle dorsiflexion, sex, average initial Dimeglio score, laterality, or surgical versus nonsurgical outcome. Overall, patients with treated clubfoot had average gross motor BOT-2 scores compared with age-matched peers. Patients in the PT group scored higher on Running Speed/Agility (P=0.019), Body Coordination percentile rank (P=0.038), and Strength and Agility percentile rank (P=0.007) than patients treated by the Ponseti technique. Patients with bilateral clubfoot scored significantly lower on the Balance subtest (P<0.01), and Body Coordination percentile rank (P<0.01), than those with unilateral clubfoot. Patients who required surgery scored significantly lower on the Balance subtest (P=0.04) than those who did not require surgery.

Conclusions:
Clubfoot may impair balance in 10 year olds with bilateral involvement and those requiring surgery. Future research should evaluate whether components of the PT method may improve gross motor outcomes as a supplement to the Ponseti technique.

Levels of Evidence:
Level II.
Uniportal Thoracoscopic Approach For Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: Preliminary Results
Authors: Ocakcioglu Ilhan , Sayir Fuat 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
Pulmonary hydatid cyst is a preventable parasitary disease with high prevalence in low-medium income countries. Thoracoscopic approach is seen in the literature as small-case groups and multiple-port incisions are observed in these studies. Unlike other thoracoscopic approaches for the surgical treatment, we describe the single-port technique for the first time in our study. We attempt to compare the clinical outcomes and preliminary results of patients with pulmonary hydatid cyst treated with either minimally invasive or thoracotomy.

Methods:
The medical records of 66 patients undergoing surgery for pulmonary hydatid cyst disease between January 2013 and July 2017 were reviewed. The number of patients who underwent thoracotomy was 48, whereas 18 were managed by single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Variables statistically compared between the 2 groups were age, diameter of the cystic, operation time, volume and duration of the drainage, postoperative complications, length of stay, duration of narcotic analgesic usage, and pain score.

Results:
Thoracoscopic approach was superior to conventional thoracotomy in terms of operation time, drainage volume, time to drain removal, hospital stay, narcotic analgesic treatment duration, and postoperative pain scores. All thoracoscopic procedures were concluded successfully, and conversion to open surgery was not required. No postoperative mortality was seen in either group. During the follow-up period, no recurrence was encountered in either group.

Conclusions:
Uniportal thoracoscopic approach is a safe option for the treatment of hydatid cyst disease. It can be used as an alternative to thoracotomy, depending on the size and location of the lesion.
Kilohertz frame-rate two-photon tomography
Authors: Kazemipour Abbas , Novak Ondrej , Flickinger Daniel , Marvin Jonathan S. , King Jonathan , Borden Philip , Druckmann Shaul , Svoboda Karel , Looger Loren L. , Podgorski Kaspar 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPoint-scanning two-photon microscopy enables high-resolution imaging within scattering specimens such as the mammalian brain, but sequential acquisition of voxels fundamentally limits imaging speed. We developed a two-photon imaging technique that scans lines of excitation across a focal plane at multiple angles and uses prior information to recover high-resolution images at over 1.4 billion voxels per second. Using a structural image as a prior for recording neural activity, we imaged visually-evoked and spontaneous glutamate release across hundreds of dendritic spines in mice at depths over 250 µm and frame-rates over 1 kHz. Dendritic glutamate transients in anaesthetized mice are synchronized within spatially-contiguous domains spanning tens of microns at frequencies ranging from 1-100 Hz. We demonstrate high-speed recording of acetylcholine and calcium sensors, 3D single-particle tracking, and imaging in densely-labeled cortex. Our method surpasses limits on the speed of raster-scanned imaging imposed by fluorescence lifetime.
The ATPase activity ofE. coliRecA prevents accumulation of toxic complexes formed by erroneous binding to undamaged double strand DNA
Authors: Gataulin Daniil V. , Carey Jeffrey N. , Li Junya , Shah Parisha , Grubb Jennifer T. , Bishop Douglas K. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTheE. coliRecA protein catalyzes the central step of homologous recombination using its homology search and strand exchange activity. RecA is a DNA-dependent ATPase, but its homology search and strand exchange activities are independent of its ATPase activity. ATP hydrolysis converts a high affinity DNA binding form, RecA-ATP, to a low affinity form RecA-ADP, thereby supporting an ATP hydrolysis-dependent dynamic cycle of DNA binding and dissociation. We provide evidence for a novel function of RecA’s dynamic behavior; RecA’s ATPase activity prevents accumulation of toxic complexes caused by direct binding of RecA to undamaged regions of dsDNA. We show that a mutant form of RecA, RecA-K250N, previously shown to be toxic toE. coli, is a loss-of-function ATPase-defective mutant. We use a new method for detecting RecA complexes involving nucleoid surface spreading and immunostaining. The method allows detection of damage-induced RecA foci; STED microscopy revealed these to typically be between 50 and 200 nm in length. RecA-K250N, and other toxic variants of RecA, form spontaneous DNA-bound complexes that are independent of replication and of accessory proteins required to load RecA onto tracts of ssDNAin vivo, supporting the hypothesis that RecA’s expenditure of ATP serves an error correction function.
Dual process coding of recalled locations in human oscillatory brain activity
Authors: MacLean Mary H. , Bullock Tom , Giesbrecht Barry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA mental representation of the location of an object can be constructed using sensory information selected from the environment and information stored internally. Human electrophysiological evidence indicates that behaviorally relevant locations, regardless of the source of sensory information, are represented in alpha-band oscillations suggesting a shared process. Here we present evidence from human subjects of either sex for two distinct alpha-band based processes that separately support the representation of location, exploiting sensory evidence sampled either externally or internally.Significance StatementOur sensory environment and our internal trains of thought are coded in patterns of brain activity and are used to guide coherent behavior. Oscillations in the alpha frequency band are a predominant feature of human brain activity. This oscillation plays a central role in both selective attention and working memory, suggesting that these important cognitive functions are mediated by a unitary mechanism. We show that the alpha oscillation reflects two distinct processes, one that is supported by continuous sampling of the external sensory environment, and one that is based on sampling from internal representations coded in visual short-term memory. This represents a significant change in our understanding of the nature of alpha oscillations and their relationship to attention and memory.
State-Dependent Lipid Interactions with the A2a Receptor Revealed by MD Simulations Using In Vivo-Mimetic Membranes
Authors: Song Wanling , Yen Hsin-Yung , Robinson Carol V. , Sansom Mark S.P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane proteins and a major class of drug targets. Membranes are known to have modulatory effects on GPCRs via specific lipid interactions. However, the mechanisms of such modulations in cell membranes and how they influence GPCR functions remain unclear. Here we report coarse-grained MD simulations on the Adenosine A2a receptor embedded in an in vivo mimetic membrane model comprised of 10 different lipid species. Three conformational states of the receptor, i.e. the inactive state, the active state, and the active state with a mini-GS protein bound were simulated to study the impact of protein-lipid interactions on the receptor activation. The simulations revealed three specific lipids (GM3, cholesterol and PIP2) that form stable and preferential interactions with the receptor, differentiating these from bulk lipids such as PS, PE and PC. In total, nine specific lipid-binding sites were revealed. The strength of lipid interaction with these sites depends on the conformational state of the receptor, suggesting that these lipids may regulate the conformational dynamics of the receptor. In particular, we revealed a dual role of PIP2 in promoting A2aR activation, which involves stabilization of both the characteristic outward tilt of helix TM6 within receptor and also the association of A2aR and mini-Gs when the activated complex forms. Structural comparisons suggested that PIP2 may facilitate Gα activation. Our results reveal likely allosteric effects of bound lipids in regulating the functional behaviour of GPCRs, providing a springboard for design of allosteric modulators of these biomedically important receptors.
Rab1b and ARF5 are novel RNA-binding proteins involved in IRES-driven RNA localization
Authors: Fernandez-Chamorro Javier , Francisco-Velilla Rosario , Ramajo Jorge , Martinez-Salas Encarnación 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTInternal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements are organized in domains that guide internal initiation of translation. Here we have combined proteomic and imaging analysis to study novel IRES interactors recognizing specific RNA structural subdomains. Besides known IRES-binding proteins, we identified novel factors belonging to networks involved in RNA and protein transport. Among those, Rab1b and ARF5, two components of the ER-Golgi, revealed direct binding to IRES transcripts. However, these proteins exert different effects on translation. While a dominant-negative mutant of Rab1b decreased IRES function, ARF5 silencing stimulated IRES activity. RNA FISH studies revealed novel features of the IRES element. First, IRES-RNA formed clusters within the cell cytoplasm, whereas cap-RNA displayed disperse punctuated distribution. Second, the IRES-driven RNA colocalized with ARF5 and Rab1b, but not with the dominant-negative of Rab1b. Thus, our data suggest a role for domain 3 of the IRES in RNA localization around ER-Golgi, a ribosome-rich cellular compartment.
Moderate consistency in smooth newt behaviour
Authors: Chajma Petr , Kopecký Oldřich , Vojar Jiří 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBehavioural consistency (i.e., personality) is a novel field of research in amphibians. Current published studies often address only one or two aspects of personality and therefore cannot assess more complex relationships and behavioural syndromes. This is the first study focusing on all relevant behavioural traits and their relationships in urodele amphibians. Based on the three trials of the experiment, we examined the consistency of activity (time spent moving), boldness (latency of the first movement and time spent escaping) and exploration (number of visited segments of testing arena) of 42 smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris). Individual consistency, calculated through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was low in newt activity (ICC = 0.192) and moderate in boldness (0.476) and exploration (0.403). Activity was moderately consistent for each trial (0.425), indicating a possible habituation, supported by a decrease of mean activity throughout the trials. Correlation of the behavioural traits studied suggests the presence of a behavioural syndrome, which potentially shaped the traits together. Our findings suggest the need for a complex approach to the study of amphibian personality and the need for standardized methodology, which would solve the current difficulties in comparing published results.
Widespread separation of the polypyrimidine tract from 3’ AG by G tracts in association with alternative exons in metazoa and plants
Authors: Nguyen Hai , Xie Jiuyong 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAt the end of introns, the polypyrimidine tract (Py) is often close to the 3’ AG in a consensus (Y)20NCAGgt in humans. Interestingly, we have found that they could also be separated by purine-rich elements including G tracts in thousands of human genes. These regulatory elements between the Py and 3’AG (REPA) mainly regulate alternative 3’ splice sites (3’SS) and intron retention. Here we show their widespread distribution and special properties across kingdoms. The purine-rich 3’SS are found in up to about 60% of the introns among more than 1000 species/lineages by whole genome analysis, and up to 18% of these introns contain the REPA G tracts in about 2.4 millions of 3’SS in total. In particular, they are significantly enriched over their 3’SS and genome backgrounds in metazoa and plants, and highly associated with alternative splicing of genes in diverse functional clusters. They are also highly enriched (3-6 folds) in the canonical as well as aberrantly used 3’ splice sites in cancer patients carrying mutations of the branch point factor SF3B1 or the 3’AG binding factor U2AF35. Moreover, the REPA G tract-harbouring 3’SS have significantly reduced occurrences of branch point (BP) motifs between the −24 and −4 positions, in particular absent from the −7 - −5 positions in several model organisms examined. The more distant branch points are associated with increased occurrences of alternative splicing in human and zebrafish. The branch points, REPA G tracts and associated 3’SS motifs appear to have emerged differentially in a phylum- or species-specific way during evolution. Thus, there is widespread separation of the Py and 3’AG by REPA G tracts, likely evolved among different species or branches of life. This special 3’SS arrangement contributes to the generation of diverse transcript or protein isoforms in biological functions or diseases through alternative or aberrant splicing.
Promoting uncommon use of knowledge in information system departments
Authors: Wang Shih-Yu , Hsu Jack Shih-Chieh , Li Yuzhu , Lin Tung-Ching 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain a clear understanding of the impact of uncommon use of knowledge (adaptation and augmentation) on the performance of information systems (IS) departments, and to explore the effects of human-resources management (HRM) practices on uncommon use of knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey was used to measure the constructs of the research model. A survey package was delivered to project managers or team leads and 133 responses were returned.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that knowledge adaptation has a significant effect on departmental performance, whereas knowledge augmentation is more important to innovation than to routine departmental performance. The results also show that, while knowledge adaptation can be enhanced by communication and an uncertainty-avoidance culture, knowledge augmentation is an outcome of shared decision-making, the use of teams, and innovation-based policies.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the positive impact of uncommon use of knowledge on IS department performance, future research should explore other factors besides HRM practices to boost it.Practical implicationsThe results can serve as guidance for managers looking to select HRM practices to promote uncommon use of knowledge.Originality/valueThis study introduces knowledge adaptation and knowledge augmentation as the component processes of uncommon use of knowledge to the IS discipline, and empirically validates the antecedents and consequences of uncommon use of knowledge using survey data.