bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted‐demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazole fungicides in water by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhao Yiping , Wang Xiajun , Yu Guo‐Wei , Wang Jian , Li Zu‐Guang , Lee Maw‐Rong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel microwave‐assisted‐demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique was established for determination of three triazole fungicides in environmental water samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Importantly, microwave irradiation has been applied in demulsification to achieve the phase separation and enrichment of triazole fungicides in water samples successfully with low‐density toluene as extractant. The experimental variables, including microwave power, microwave time, ultrasonic time, type and volume of extraction solvent, and effect of salting out were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed good linearity for myclobutanil, tebuconazole, and difenoconazole in the range of 1–100 μg/L. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were within the range of 0.14–0.27 and 0.47–0.90 μg/L, respectively. The suitable enrichment factors for three triazole pesticides were in the range of 425–636. The recoveries were between 89.3 and 108.7%, and the relative standard deviations were from 5.4 to 8.6%. Finally, environmental water samples were used to verify the applicability of the proposed method for analysis of triazole fungicides targets. It can be concluded that the developed microwave‐assisted‐demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was a rapid, efficient, reliable, and environmental friendly way for analysis of triazole fungicides in water.
Molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction of synthetic cathinones from urine and whole blood samples
Authors: Murakami Takaya , Iwamuro Yoshiaki , Ishimaru Reiko , Chinaka Satoshi , Hasegawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn forensic drug analysis, extractive pretreatment is required prior to instrumental analysis to ensure successful detection of the target compounds. However, conventional extraction methods such as hydrophilic polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction and liquid–liquid extraction are unsuitable for an emerging class of new psychoactive substances, namely, synthetic cathinones, because they exhibit a lack of class selectivity and increased risk of target analyte decomposition during extraction. To address these issues, we describe a highly class‐selective sample clean‐up method for the extraction of synthetic cathinones from urine and whole blood samples, exploiting a molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction cartridge. In terms of the influence of the synthetic cathinone molecular structure on the extraction recovery, we showed that while longer alkyl side chains slightly reduced the extraction efficiency, substituent variation on the aromatic ring exerted no effect. Molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction of 11 synthetic cathinones from urine samples yielded higher recoveries than the two conventional extraction methods, and smaller matrix effect was observed than that with hydrophilic polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction. Molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction from whole blood samples gave recoveries comparable to those of urine samples. Therefore, the proposed method is applicable for the extraction and quantitative determination of synthetic cathinones in biological samples.
Isolation of high‐purity peptide Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro from Globin Peptide using MCI gel column combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Pei Dong , Xi Xing‐Jun , Huang Xin‐Yi , Quan Kai‐Jun , Wei Jan‐Teng , Wang Ning‐Li , Di Duo‐Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeptides have gained increased interest over the past several decades because of their therapeutics. In this research, a strategy combining MCI gel column chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography was developed for the separation of high‐purity peptide Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro from Globin Peptide. First, the fraction of Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro mixtures with a purity of 15.8% was obtained by using MCI gel column with a mixture of ethanol/water (20:80, v/v/v). Then, the high‐purity Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro was separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with a aqueous two phase systems of ethanol/acetonitrile/iso‐propyl alcohol/(NH4)2SO4 Saturated solution/H2O (0.5:0.5:0.25:1.5:0.7,v/v). The ammonium sulfate from high‐speed countercurrent chromatography fractions was removed from target compound by MCI gel column chromatography using ethanol/water in stepwise elution mode. A 78 mg of Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro was successfully purified with the purities of 98.80% from 30 g crude Globin Peptide. The amino acid sequence of the Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro was determined by electrospray ionization high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The method presents a practical strategy for the large‐scale separation of pure peptide Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro from Globin Peptide, and provides a reference method for obtaining high‐purity peptide from other polypeptide mixtures.
A study of some kinetic aspects of the CCl4 interaction with oxide ions in KCl‐SrCl2 melts with different content of SrCl2
Authors: Cherginets Victor L. , Rebrova Tatyana P. , Ponomarenko Tamara V. , Rebrov Alexander L. , Yurchenko Oleg I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA comparative investigation of a complex process of the interaction between CCl4 vapor and oxide ions O2– (carbochlorination) in K2SrCl4 and KSr2Cl5 melts at 973 K was performed by the potentiometric method using Pt(O2)|ZrO2(Y2O3) membrane oxygen electrode as reversible to oxide ion. The analysis of the limiting stages of this process was made on the basis of van't Hoff diagrams. The entire process can be divided into three stages with corresponding limiting processes: the rate of CCl4 dissolution in the melts for stage 1, the chemical reaction in the melts for stage 2, and the rate of the contamination of the melts with oxygen‐containing admixtures for the stage 3. The rate constants of the carbochlorination process in both melts at 973 K were calculated using the data corresponding to stage 2 as (4.4 ± 0.25) × 105 kg mol−1 min−1 for K2SrCl4 and (1.83 ± 0.5) × 105 kg mol−1 min−1 for KSr2Cl5. The final concentration of oxide ions after the treatment is higher ( = (1.6 ± 0.7) × 10−7 mol kg−1 for KSr2Cl5 and = (2.5 ± 1.3) × 10−8 mol kg−1 for K2SrCl4 melt, respectively). This corresponds to the difference in the oxoacidic properties of the studied melts.
Capturing the multiple benefits associated with nature‐based solutions: Lessons from a natural flood management project in the Cotswolds, UK
Authors: Short Chris , Clarke Lucy , Carnelli Fabio , Uttley Chris , Smith Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing severe flooding in 2007, a decision was taken in 2012 to explore nature‐based solutions in 250‐km2 river catchment in the southern Cotswolds in the United Kingdom. The project involves working with landowners to create in channel, riparian, field, and woodland structures aimed at attenuating high flows or increasing infiltration rates to reduce flood risk. After 3 years, it is clear that the threshold for effectiveness requires the implementation of measures throughout large areas of the upstream catchment. Early results suggest that social, as well as natural, capital has been enhanced through the project. What is clear is the beneficial role of working with multiple stakeholders to implement natural flood management on a catchment wide scale. In this sense, the project has adopted a comanagement approach that brings together the knowledge of hydrologists, ecologists, farmers, woodland owners, and the local community to implement locally agreed solutions within a broader project framework. This paper will outline the initial findings and the governance structure within a theoretical framework of comanagement and suggest how this type of framework is suitable for a range of nature‐based solutions across Europe. However, the challenge remains in capturing the multiple benefits that such projects offer as these are often missed through conventional approaches such as cost–benefit analysis. The paper concludes by presented along with a potential way forward for a proof of concept for nature‐based solutions.
Readdressing the Middle Hepatic Vein in Right Lobe Liver Donation: Triangle of Safety
Authors: Goja Sanjay , Kumar Yadav Sanjay , Singh Soin Arvinder 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
For equipoising donor safety and optimal recipient outcomes, we adopted an algorithmic “triangle of safety” approach to retrieve 3 types of right lobe liver grafts (RLGs), namely, the modified extended right lobe graft (MERLG), the partial right lobe graft (PRLG), and the modified right lobe graft (MRLG). Reconstruction to achieve a single wide anterior sector outflow was ensured in all patients. We present donor and recipient outcomes based on our approach in 665 right lobe (RL) living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) performed from January 2013 to August 2015. There were 347 patients who received a MERLG, 117 who received a PRLG, and 201 who received a MRLG. A right lobe graft (RLG) with a middle hepatic vein was retrieved only in 3 out of 18 donors with steatosis >10%. Cold ischemia time was significantly more and remnant volume was less in the MRLG group. Of the donors, 29.3% had complications (26% Clavien‐Dindo grade I, II) with no statistically significant difference among the groups. The Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score was higher in the MERLG group. There were 34 out of 39 with a graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of <0.7% who received a MERLG with inflow modulation. Out of 4 patients who developed small‐for‐size syndrome in this group, 2 died. The 90‐day patient survival rate was similar among different GRWRs and types of RLG. In conclusion, a selective and tailored approach for RL donor hepatectomy based on optimal functional volume and metabolic demands not only addresses the key issue of double equipoise in LDLT but also creates a safe path for extending the limits.
Advances in Polymeric Materials for Electromechanical Devices
Authors: White B. Tyler , Long Timothy E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectroactive polymers (EAP) provide lightweight and cost‐effective materials that enable the next generation of electromechanical devices. Commercial polymers have historically dominated research in EAP devices due to their availability. However, several drawbacks of these materials have limited their commercial applications, necessitating new materials for the commercial success of future EAP devices. This review highlights recent advances in novel EAPs for ionic polymer‐metal composites (IPMC) and dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). Ion‐containing block copolymers and charged segmented condensation polymers demonstrate suitable electromechanical properties competitive with Nafion‐based IPMCs. In addition, swelling ionic polymer membranes with free ionic liquid enhances ionic conductivity and promotes electromechanical actuation. Synthetic approaches to increasing permittivity in dielectric elastomers are also explored as a method of producing more efficient DEAs. Incorporating polar functional groups into siloxane and acrylic elastomers through grafting or blending provides high‐dielectric elastomers for use in DEAs with low driving voltages.
Genetic relatedness of the Escherichia coli fecal population and strains causing urinary tract infection in the same host
Authors: Bahadori Maryam , Motamedifar Mohammad , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Firouzi Roya , Motamedi Boroojeni Azar , Alinejad Mohsen , Naziri Zahra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is common knowledge that fecal microbiota is a primary source of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) via the fecal‐perineal‐urethral route. But, it is still unknown whether E. coli UTI is mainly caused by dominant fecal E. coli isolates (prevalence hypothesis) or the isolates that possess more virulence factors (special pathogenicity hypothesis). In the present study, the urine E. coli isolates of 30 women with UTI were compared with the fecal E. coli isolates of the same patients and healthy control individuals according to the phylogenetic group, virulence genotype, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was specified and compared by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE analysis showed that most patients (73.3%) had distinct urine isolates which were not similar to any of their fecal isolates. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, most of the urine and fecal isolates of healthy women were assigned to phylogenetic group B2, followed by D. The distribution of phylogenetic groups was significantly different between the urine and the fecal isolates of patients (p < 0.05). The prevalence of fimH and ompT among urine isolates was significantly more than that among fecal isolates. The level of multidrug resistance was higher among urine isolates. Although more in‐depth researches are required, the present study could be supported by pathogenicity hypothesis. Furthermore, concerning the antibiotic resistance pattern among uropathogenic E. coli should be highly considered.
An update on adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Habets Jeroen G.V. , Heijmans Margot , Kuijf Mark L. , Janssen Marcus L.F. , Temel Yasin , Kubben Pieter L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAdvancing conventional open‐loop DBS as a therapy for PD is crucial for overcoming important issues such as the delicate balance between beneficial and adverse effects and limited battery longevity that are currently associated with treatment. Closed‐loop or adaptive DBS aims to overcome these limitations by real‐time adjustment of stimulation parameters based on continuous feedback input signals that are representative of the patient's clinical state. The focus of this update is to discuss the most recent developments regarding potential input signals and possible stimulation parameter modulation for adaptive DBS in PD. Potential input signals for adaptive DBS include basal ganglia local field potentials, cortical recordings (electrocorticography), wearable sensors, and eHealth and mHealth devices. Furthermore, adaptive DBS can be applied with different approaches of stimulation parameter modulation, the feasibility of which can be adapted depending on specific PD phenotypes. Implementation of technological developments like machine learning show potential in the design of such approaches; however, energy consumption deserves further attention. Furthermore, we discuss future considerations regarding the clinical implementation of adaptive DBS in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Increasing the Selectivity of the Stone Crab Menippe mercenaria Trap by the Addition of a Cull Ring
Authors: Gandy Ryan L. , Crowley Claire E. , Leone Erin H. , Crawford Charles R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The fishery for stone crab Menippe mercenaria in Florida is dominated by plastic traps that do not require a cull ring or device that limits retention of prerecruits and bycatch. An experiment was conducted to determine what size of cull ring would reduce the catch of prerecruit stone crabs and bycatch while maintaining legal catch. Catch compositions of crabs from unmodified plastic commercial stone crab traps and traps fitted with a 54.0-, 55.6-, or 57.2-mm cull ring were compared in the stone crab fishery across Florida's west coast. Traps outfitted with cull rings retained bigger crabs, less bycatch, and fewer prerecruit stone crabs and, for most cull ring sizes tested, yielded the same number of legal-size claws. Retention of prerecruit crabs in traps with cull rings varied among regions because of the sexual dimorphism in carapace length (males, 58.2 mm; females, 64.6 mm) observed when an original crusher claw has reached legal size (&gt;70 mm). We recommend that a minimum size cull ring of 55.6-mm (23∕16 in) be used in stone crab traps fished in state and federal waters off Florida.
Hierarchical optimal control of a binary distillation column
Authors: Ramezani Mohammad Hossein , Sadati Nasser 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a two‐level optimal control for the binary distillation column. From the control point of view, the binary distillation column is a high‐order system consisting of several interconnected subsystems (trays) that aim to maximize output purity. Controlling the system in a hierarchical manner not only decreases complexity and solution time but also can improve the control structure's reliability. In this study, the distillation column is decomposed into NT second‐order subsystems, each representing one stage (one tray). Accordingly, the cost function is decomposed, and thus, the overall problem is converted into NT lower‐order subproblems where each tray has its own controller. A two‐level interaction prediction approach provides optimal control for the overall system. The task of the first level is to solve the subproblems using the predicted values of the coordination parameters, whereas the second level acts as a coordinator to update the coordination parameters. Simulation results show the capability and efficacy of the proposed two‐level control method in finding the optimal solution with less complexity and lower solution time than those of the centralized method.
The association of parental and offspring educational attainment with systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and waist circumference in Latino adults
Authors: Cruz Whitley Jessica , Peralta Carmen A. , Haan Mary , Aiello Allison E. , Lee Anne , Ward Julia , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Neuhaus John , Moyce Sally , López Lenny 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of the study is to evaluate the association of intergenerational educational attainment with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among US Latinos.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study, an offspring cohort of middle‐aged Mexican‐Americans whose parents participated in the Sacramento Latino Study on Aging. We collected educational attainment, demographic and health behaviours and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose and waist circumference. We evaluated the association of parental, offspring and a combined parent–offspring education variable with each CVD risk factor using multivariable regression.ResultsHigher parental education was associated only with smaller offspring waist circumference. In contrast, higher offspring education was associated with lower SBP, fasting glucose and smaller waist circumference. Adjustment for parental health behaviours modestly attenuated these offspring associations, whereas adjustment for offspring health behaviours and income attenuated the associations of offspring education with offspring SBP and fasting glucose but not smaller waist circumference, even among offspring with low parental education.ConclusionsHigher offspring education is associated with lower levels of CVD risk factors in adulthood, despite intergenerational exposure to low parental education.
Strengthening family planning stewardship with a total market approach: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya experiences
Authors: Cisek Cindi R. , Klein Kate , Koseki Sayaka , Wood Rob 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTo improve overall market sustainability, governments and their donors are ramping up efforts to strengthen stewardship in developing country health markets. Key stewardship functions include generating intelligence that enable policymakers, ministerial leaders, and program managers to develop evidence‐based policies and strategies to improve the resource management, supply, and use of health products and services. The total market approach (TMA), an analytic and policy framework, generates market intelligence and improves evidence‐based decision‐making, and also strengthens other stewardship functions, such as building and sustaining partnerships, strengthening tools for implementation, aligning government policy with market interventions, and ensuring accountability/transparency. TMA evolved in response to the phase out of donor support for reproductive health (RH) and family planning (FP) programs and the need to improve coordination among public, private, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society to achieve greater equity, health impact, and market sustainability. To assess TMA's role in strengthening the stewardship of RH/FP markets, this article reviews three countries that applied TMA principles: Mali, Uganda, and Kenya. It identifies how TMA processes influenced stewardship functions and assesses to what degree these processes have contributed to concrete actions to improve market efficiency and sustainability.
ARL4C stabilized by AKT/mTOR pathway promotes the invasion of PTEN‐deficient primary human glioblastoma
Authors: Chen Qian , Weng Hai‐Yan , Tang Xiao‐Peng , Lin Yong , Yuan Ye , Li Qian , Tang Zhuo , Wu Hai‐Bo , Yang Shuai , Li Yong , Zhao Xi‐Long , Fu Wen‐Juan , Niu Qin , Feng Hua , Zhang Xia , Wang Yan , Bian Xiu‐Wu , Yao Xiao‐Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) deficiency in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis with unknown mechanisms. Therefore, how loss of PTEN promotes GBM progression remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identified that ADP‐ribosylation factor like‐4C (ARL4C) was highly expressed in PTEN‐deficient human GBM cells and tissues. Mechanistically, loss of PTEN stabilized ARL4C protein due to AKT/mTOR pathway‐mediated inhibition of ARL4C ubiquitination. Functionally, ARL4C enhanced the progression of GBM cellsin vitroandin vivo. Moreover, microarray profiling and GST pull‐down assay identified that ARL4C accelerated tumor progression via RAC1‐mediated filopodium formation. Importantly, targeting PTEN potently inhibited GBM tumor progressionin vitroandin vivo, whereas overexpression of ARL4C reversed the tumor progression impaired by PTEN overexpression. Clinically, analyses with patients' specimens validated a negative correlation between PTEN and ARL4C expression. Elevated ARL4C expression but PTEN deficiency in tumor was associated with poorer disease‐free survival and overall survival of GBM patients. Taken together, ARL4C is critical for PTEN‐deficient GBM progression and acts as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.