bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When safety climate is not enough: Examining the moderating effects of psychosocial hazards on nurse safety performance
Authors: Manapragada Archana , Bruk‐Lee Valentina , Thompson Arieana H. , Heron Laura M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the association between components of safety climate and psychosocial hazards with safe work behaviours and test the moderating effects of psychosocial hazards on the safety climate‐safety performance relationships.BackgroundThe effects of a strong safety climate on safety performance are well cited, however, the conditions that have an impact on this relationship warrant attention. While the psychosocial hazards commonly reported by nurses are predictors of well‐being and job attitudes, evidence suggests that these may also place boundaries on the effects of safety climate on safe work practices.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional design to collect data from 146 nurses.MethodsParticipants were recruited through convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods in 2017. Nurses completed an online questionnaire and received a $5 e‐gift card as compensation. SPSS v.23 and PROCESS v3.0 were used to analyse the data.Results/FindingsA strong safety climate was positively associated with nurses' safety performance. While psychosocial hazards did not predict safety performance, they did moderate the safety climate‐performance relationship. High levels of perceived stressors weakened the association between promoting two‐way safety communication, the use and implementation of procedures to promote safe work practices and management's endorsement of health and safety with safe work performance.ConclusionThe positive effects of safety climate on nurses' safety performance are contingent on the levels of psychosocial hazards nurses experience. When aiming to improve safety performance among nurses, it is important for efforts to also focus on the psychosocial conditions of the work environment.
Tongguan capsule‐derived herb reduces susceptibility to atrial fibrillation by inhibiting left atrial fibrosis via modulating cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Ma Shiyu , Ma Jin , Guo Liheng , Bai Junqi , Mao Shuai , Zhang Minzhou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTongguan capsule is a compound Chinese medicine used to treat ischaemic heart diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether Tongguan capsule‐derived herb (TGD) has a preventive effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) in post‐myocardial infarction (MI) rats and to determine the underlying mechanisms. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. TGD was administered to the post‐MI rats over a 4‐week period. The TGD‐treated rats had lower rates of AF inducibility and shorter AF durations than the MI rats. TGD improved the left atrial (LA) conduction velocity and homogeneity. It reduced the fibrosis‐positive areas and the protein levels of collagen types I and III in the left atrium. In vitro, it inhibited the expression of collagen types I and III by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, differentiation and cytokine secretion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that TGD reduces susceptibility to AF and improves LA conduction function in rats with post‐MI by inhibiting left atrial fibrosis and modulating CFs. Targeting the CF population may be a novel antiarrhythmic therapeutic approach.
Electronic medical record documentation of tobacco cessation support at eight community safety‐net clinics with a high prevalence of tobacco use
Authors: Flocke Susan A. , Lewis Steve , Seeholzer Eileen , Gill India , Antognoli Elizabeth , Rose Jeanmarie C. , Love Thomas E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe high prevalence of tobacco use at primary care safety‐net clinics represents an opportunity to offer assistance with cessation. Documentation of smoking status, offering advice and medications, and referral to cessation services are important steps in supporting cessation attempts and are required elements by payors and accrediting agencies to demonstrate care quality. This study examines tobacco cessation support rates and patient characteristics using electronic medical record (EMR) data.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study engaged eight community health centers affiliated with a county hospital system in NE Ohio where adult tobacco use rates exceed 30%. EMR data from June 2014 through May 2016 were analysed to assess rates of tobacco cessation counselling, order of cessation medications, or both. The association of tobacco cessation support with patient characteristics and quit attempts was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 21 702 current tobacco users, 74% had no intervention documented; 15.4% had counselling documented, 6.4% were prescribed tobacco cessation medication, and 4.2% had both documented. Males, those aged 18 to 34, and African Americans were more likely to have no documented intervention. Of current tobacco users with at least two visits, 5.6% had a quit attempt. Medication alone was associated with a greater likelihood of a quit attempt (AOR: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.36‐2.17]) as well as counselling and medication combined (AOR: 1.95 [95% CI: 1.48‐2.56]).ConclusionsTobacco cessation support was lacking for 74% of current smokers and was less likely in subgroups including males, younger adults, and African Americans. Ordering tobacco cessation medication combined with counselling nearly doubled the likelihood of a quit attempt.
A method of ultrafiltration membrane to treatment garlic processing wastewater
Authors: Ding He , Li Ningyang , Lu Xiaoming , Guo Jiawen , Yi Yingjing , Qiao Xuguang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, ultrafiltration membranes were used to treat garlic processing wastewater, because the treatment methods for general wastewater cannot meet the demand of garlic processing wastewater. The results showed that the molecular weight of polysaccharides in garlic wastewater was mainly between 3 and 5 kD. This part of polysaccharides accounted for 60.21% of total polysaccharides. While the molecular weight of acidic polysaccharides in garlic wastewater was mainly between 10 and 30 kD, which was 7.73% of total sugar. The molecular weight of the proteins in garlic wastewater exceeds 45 kD. Two kinds of garlic slice wastewater ultrafiltration treatment systems, S1 and S2, were established based on the distribution range of neutral polysaccharides, acidic polysaccharides, and proteins in garlic wastewater. S1 can effectively recover polysaccharides and proteins in wastewater; S2 was superior to S1, the treated wastewater could reach the standard for discharge. This study provided two garlic wastewater treatment models for the factory to solve the problem of wastewater treatment based on their specific situations.Practical applicationsThe membrane separation method can be used to separate small molecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides. Membrane filtration treatment system for garlic processing wastewater was established, and it was found that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value of garlic wastewater was reduced from 50,000 to 80 mg O2/L by using membrane intercepting substances with different molecular weights. Finally, the nutrient substances were recovered from garlic processing wastewater with ultrafiltration membrane while ensuring the discharge of wastewater conforming to the national standards.
Physical and chemical stability of sweet walnut oil emulsion: Influence of homogenization conditions and stabilizer ratio
Authors: Baysan Ulaş , Yıldırım Aslı , Konuk Takma Dilara , Koç Mehmet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of homogenization conditions (homogenization rate: 10,000–17,500 rpm; homogenization time: 5–10 min) and stabilizer (polyglycerol polyricinoleate [PGPR]: 1–3% oil content) ratio on the physical and chemical stability of walnut oil in water emulsions was investigated based on CCRD experimental design. Results showed that the incorporation of PGPR led to a decrease in the yield stress, viscosity, centrifuge, and kinetic stabilities up to center point (~2% oil content) and increased after that. The increase in homogenization rate and time, on the other side, brought about an increase in parameters as mentioned above. The induction time of refined walnut oil was 5.46 ± 0.37 hr, while the induction time of prepared emulsions ranged between 6.45 ± 0.29 and 8.29 ± 0.05 hr, which implicitly demonstrated that emulsification led to an outstanding increase in oxidative stability of the emulsion. General acceptance in terms of homogenization rate and time, increased up to center point (~13,750 rpm/7.5 min).Practical applicationsWalnut oil is valuable by‐product of the food industry. It is also a functional food ingredient with its minor bioactive components including tocopherols and phytosterols. However, walnut oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well. In this sense, extreme care needs to be taken in order to prevent walnut oil oxidation. In order to meet this challenge, walnut oil was incorporated into o/w emulsion formulation within the present study to retard lipid oxidation and prolong the shelf life of walnut oil by increasing its overall stability. Therefore, the effect of the independent variables selected as homogenization rate, time and stabilizer (PGPR) ratio on physical and chemical properties of the emulsion were investigated.
SIG‐1273 protects skin against urban air pollution and when formulated in AgeIQ™ Night Cream anti‐aging benefits clinically demonstrated
Authors: Fernández José R. , Webb Corey , Rouzard Karl , Voronkov Michael , Huber Kristen L. , Stock Jeffry B. , Healy Jason , Tamura Masanori , Stock Maxwell , Armbrister Wendi , Gordon Joel S. , Pérez Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSIG‐1273 is a novel cosmetic active that provides a broad spectrum of benefits to the skin. Considering the chronic skin exposure to pollution in urban areas, we sought to determine if SIG‐1273 could provide additional protection against skin aging by inhibiting pollutant‐induced cytotoxicity and inflammation.ObjectiveDetermine if SIG‐1273 possesses antipollution properties in vitro and evaluate the potential anti‐aging benefits of Age IQ™ Night Cream clinically in human subjects.MethodsIn vitro studies utilizing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), were co‐treated with urban dust (SRM 1649b) and SIG‐1273 (toxicity protection measured by MTS assay). A water‐soluble fraction of urban dust (UD‐WS) induces pro‐inflammatory cytokine release (IL‐8) from NHEKs (measured via ELISA). An 8‐week, 37‐subject clinical trial was performed with 0.05% SIG‐1273 formulated in Age IQ™ Night Cream and applied topically to assess its potential to reduce the appearance of aging.ResultsIn vitro studies using NHEKs demonstrate SIG‐1273 protects against urban dust‐induced cell toxicity, reducing cell death by 66% and concentration dependently inhibits UD‐WS‐induced IL‐8 production (IC50 = 20 nmol/L), outperforming niacinamide, ascorbic acid, and α‐tocopherol, commonly used actives in antipollution skin‐care products. Clinical assessment of Age IQ™ Night Cream shows it is effective in improving the appearance of facial skin aging including fine lines and wrinkles, skin texture, skin clarity/brightness, and firmness/elasticity.ConclusionsSIG‐1273, is demonstrated here for the first time to possess antipollution properties. Included as a key active ingredient in Age IQ™ Night Cream, this novel topical formulation provides benefits to individuals with aging skin.
Chronic ulcerative stomatitis: A comprehensive review and proposal for diagnostic criteria
Authors: Azzi Lorenzo , Cerati Michele , Lombardo Maurizio , Pellilli Maria , Croveri Fabio , Maurino Vittorio , Tagliabue Angelo , Tettamanti Lucia , Olszewska Malgorzata 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) is an immune‐mediated disorder characterized by oral erosions and ulcers usually refractory to conventional treatments. The disease often involves middle‐aged and older women with painful lesions sometimes resembling those of erosive oral lichen planus (OLP). The most affected sites are the buccal mucosa, the gingiva and the tongue, but the skin is involved in 22.5% of cases. Histopathologic features in CUS are non‐specific and indistinguishable from those of OLP, with the exception of the presence of a mixed infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) analysis reveals the presence of stratified epithelium‐specific antinuclear antibodies (SES‐ANA) in the lower third of the epithelium. The IgG antibodies detected on DIF are directed against the ∆Np63α isoform of p63 expressed in the nuclei of the epithelial basal cells. A distinguishing feature of CUS is the low response to conventional corticosteroid therapy and the good outcome with hydroxychloroquine at the dosage of 200 mg/day or higher dosages. This paper presents a comprehensive review of CUS and is accompanied by a new case report (the 73rd case) and a proposal for updated diagnostic criteria.
Photobleaching of pheomelanin increases its phototoxic potential: Physicochemical studies of synthetic pheomelanin subjected to aerobic photolysis
Authors: Zadlo Andrzej , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Sarna Michal , Camenisch Theodore G. , Sidabras Jason W. , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Sagan Filip , Mitoraj Mariusz , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough melanin is a photoprotective pigment, its elevated photochemical reactivity could lead to various phototoxic processes. Photoreactivity of synthetic pheomelanin, derived from 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5SCD‐M) and its photodegradation products obtained by subjecting the melanin to aerobic irradiation with UV‐visible light, was examined employing an array of advanced physicochemical methods. Extensive photolysis of 5SCD‐M was accompanied by partial bleaching of the melanin, modification of its paramagnetic properties, and significant increase in the ability to photogenerate singlet oxygen. The changes correlated with a substantial decrease in the melanin content of benzothiazine (BT) units and increase of modified benzothiazole (BZ) units. Synthetically prepared BZ exhibited higher efficiency to photogenerate singlet oxygen than the synthetic BT, and the free radical form of BZ, unlike that of BT, did not show measurable spin density on nitrogen atom, which was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Formation of modified BZ units in the photobleached 5SCD‐M is responsible for the paramagnetic and photochemical changes of the melanin and its elevated phototoxic potential. Given a relatively constant pheomelanin–eumelanin ratio, such undesirable changes could occur in individual of all skin types.
A missense mutation in TYRP1 causes the chocolate plumage color in chicken and alters melanosome structure
Authors: Li Jingyi , Bed’hom Bertrand , Marthey Sylvain , Valade Mathieu , Dureux Audrey , Moroldo Marco , Péchoux Christine , Coville Jean‐Luc , Gourichon David , Vieaud Agathe , Dorshorst Ben , Andersson Leif , Tixier‐Boichard Michèle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe chocolate plumage color in chickens is due to a sex‐linked recessive mutation, choc, which dilutes eumelanin pigmentation. Because TYRP1 is sex‐linked in chickens, and TYRP1 mutations determine brown coat color in mammals, TYRP1 appeared as the obvious candidate gene for the choc mutation. By combining gene mapping with gene capture, a complete association was identified between the chocolate phenotype and a missense mutation leading to a His214Asn change in the ZnA zinc‐binding domain of the protein. A diagnostic test confirmed complete association by screening 428 non‐chocolate chickens of various origins. This is the first TYRP1 mutation described in the chicken. Electron microscopy analysis showed that melanosomes were more numerous in feather follicles of chocolate chickens but exhibited an abnormal structure characterized by a granular content and an irregular shape. A similar altered morphology was observed on melanosomes of another TYRP1 mutant in birds, the roux mutation of the quail.
Ethos, authority and worldly reputation in the Erasmian Republic of Letters
Authors: Havu Kaarlo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Erasmian Republic of Letters has often been portrayed as a place of retreat where intellectual qualities could be cultivated among the learned. This article argues that Erasmian humanists thought that the Republic of Letters could make a decisive contribution to a life of active engagement (negotium). The article claims that Erasmian humanists understood that the reputation forged within the Republic of Letters could be turned into intellectual authority and rhetorical ethos, which were deemed decisive for a successful life of negotium. This was visible in rhetorical theory which, despite the insistence on virtue as the only source of true authority, underscored the importance of one’s social reputation as a potential source of rhetorical ethos. This was equally perceivable in actual discussions within the Republic of Letters (most notably in the discussion between Erasmus and Guillaume Budé), where the importance attributed to reciprocal relations as a source of public visibility, reputation and, ultimately, authority, was explicitly recognized. In the long history of the Republic of Letters, Erasmian humanism represented the emergence of a new form of non‐institutional authority which, however, proved inefficient in the attainment of specific reforms, because it was often appropriated by the powerful for their own purposes.
Flood Risk Perceptions and Insurance Choice: Do Decisions in the Floodplain Reflect Overoptimism?
Authors: Royal Andrew , Walls Margaret 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the presence of rare disasters, risk perceptions may not always align with actual risks. These perceptions can nevertheless influence an individual's willingness to mitigate risks through activities such as purchasing flood insurance. In a survey of Maryland floodplain residents, we find that stated risk perceptions predict voluntary flood insurance take‐up, while perceptions themselves varied widely among surveyed residents, owing in large part to differences in past flood experience. We use a formal test for overoptimism in risk perceptions and find that, on aggregate, floodplain residents are overly optimistic about flood risks.
Imbalance of tyrosine by modulating TyrA arogenate dehydrogenases impacts growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: de Oliveira Marcos V. V. , Jin Xing , Chen Xuan , Griffith Daniel , Batchu Sai , Maeda Hiroshi A. 
Published: November 2018

Summaryl‐Tyrosine is an essential aromatic amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins and a diverse array of plant natural products; however, little is known on how the levels of tyrosine are controlled in planta and linked to overall growth and development. Most plants synthesize tyrosine by TyrA arogenate dehydrogenases, which are strongly feedback‐inhibited by tyrosine and encoded by TyrA1 and TyrA2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While TyrA enzymes have been extensively characterized at biochemical levels, their in planta functions remain uncertain. Here we found that TyrA1 suppression reduces seed yield due to impaired anther dehiscence, whereas TyrA2 knockout leads to slow growth with reticulate leaves. The tyra2 mutant phenotypes were exacerbated by TyrA1 suppression and rescued by the expression of TyrA2, TyrA1 or tyrosine feeding. Low‐light conditions synchronized the tyra2 and wild‐type growth, and ameliorated the tyra2 leaf reticulation. After shifting to normal light, tyra2 transiently decreased tyrosine and subsequently increased aspartate before the appearance of the leaf phenotypes. Overexpression of the deregulated TyrA enzymes led to hyper‐accumulation of tyrosine, which was also accompanied by elevated aspartate and reticulate leaves. These results revealed that TyrA1 and TyrA2 have distinct and overlapping functions in flower and leaf development, respectively, and that imbalance of tyrosine, caused by altered TyrA activity and regulation, impacts growth and development of Arabidopsis. The findings provide critical bases for improving the production of tyrosine and its derived natural products, and further elucidating the coordinated metabolic and physiological processes to maintain tyrosine levels in plants.
Evidence for protein kinase involvement in the 5‐HT–[Ca2+]i–pannexin‐1 signalling pathway in type II glial cells of the rat carotid body
Authors: Leonard Erin M. , Zhang Min , Nurse Colin A. 
Published: November 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The mammalian carotid body (CB) is a peripheral chemoreceptor organ involved in O2 and CO2/H+ homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that 5‐HT, released from CB receptor cells, can stimulate adjacent glial‐like type II cells, leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ (Δ[Ca2+]i) and activation of ATP‐permeable pannexin‐1 (Panx‐1) channels. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of protein kinases in the 5‐HT–[Ca2+]i–Panx‐1 signalling pathway.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Src family kinase and protein kinase A, acting downstream from Δ[Ca2+]i, played central roles in 5‐HT‐mediated Panx‐1 channel activation. This provides new insight into mechanisms regulating CB excitation, especially in pathophysiological conditions.

AbstractChemoreceptor (type I) cells of the rodent carotid body (CB) synthesize and release several neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, including 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), implicated in enhanced CB excitation after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia, e.g. sleep apnoea. However, recent studies suggest that 5‐HT can robustly stimulate adjacent glial‐like type II cells via ketanserin‐sensitive 5‐HT2 receptors, leading to intracellular Ca2+ elevation (Δ[Ca2+]i) and activation of ATP‐permeable pannexin‐1 (Panx‐1) channels. Using dissociated rat CB cultures, we investigated the role of protein kinases in the intracellular signalling pathways in type II cells. In isolated type II cells, 5‐HT activated a Panx‐1‐like inward current (I5‐HT) that was reversibly inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 (1 μm), but not by its inactive analogue, PP3 (1 μm). Moreover, I5‐HT was reversibly inhibited (>90%) by H89 (1 μm), a protein kinase A blocker, whereas the protein kinase C blocker GF109203X (2 μm) was largely ineffective. In contrast, the P2Y2R agonist UTP (100 μm) activated Panx‐1‐like currents that were reversibly inhibited (∼60%) by either H89 or GF109203X. Using fura‐2 spectrofluorimetry, the 5‐HT‐induced Δ[Ca2+]i was unaffected by PP2, H89 and GF109293X, suggesting that the kinases acted downstream of the Ca2+ rise. Given that intracellular Ca2+ chelation was previously shown to block receptor‐mediated Panx‐1 current activation in type II cells, these data suggest that CB neuromodulators use overlapping, but not necessarily identical, signalling pathways to activate Panx‐1 channels and release ATP, a CB excitatory neurotransmitter. In conclusion, these studies provide new mechanistic insight into 5‐HT signalling in the CB that has pathophysiological relevance.