bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tester la dualité du marché du travail : l'exemple de la Tunisie
Authors: Abdennadher Chokri , Karaa Adel , Plassard Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2018

Les modèles de marché du travail dans les économies en développement ont généralement privilégié une interprétation en termes de dualisme salarial. L'hypothèse a déjà été élaborée dans les modèles de première génération (Lewis, 1954) et développée à la suite des travaux de Harris-Todaro (1970).
L'analyse économétrique est venue par la suite confirmer l'existence de différentiels de salaires entre catégories de travail a priori équivalent.
Le test de l'hypothèse de dualisme salarial en Tunisie est effectué dans le cadre de traitements de données visant à lever le biais de sélection. Il s'agit d'aller au-delà des tests courants et déjà existants, qui consistent généralement à régresser séparément et au moyen des MCO, une fonction de gains dans les deux secteurs déterminés a priori. Un modèle à deux régimes permet alors une estimation non biaisée. Par ailleurs, il reste encore à lever l'arbitraire du choix du critère de sélection. Le modèle à régression discriminante endogène non observable s'avère particulièrement adapté à l'opération. On vérifie ici notamment l'existence d'une faible mobilité entre les différents secteurs d'emplois.
Endettement interentreprises et performance macroéconomique en Chine
Authors: Fan Gang 
Published: July 2018

China's industrial inter-entreprise debt (ied) increased by about 200% in real terms in 1993 and continued to grow by 36,6% in 1994. As result in 1994, the average period of payment delay reached 114 days (in France, it is 110 days, the highest in Western industrialized economies), the ratio of ied over industrial gdp reached 43 % (France 38 %, Japan 59 %), and the ratio of ied over (industrial) bank credit reached 67,4 %.
While the «soft budget constraint» of soes is found as the main long-run institutional background for the high level of ied in China, the macroeconomic instability and anti-inflation monetary squeeze is identified as the short-run cause. Various approaches to debt-clearing used previously or currently are examined. All of them have limitations one way or another. The policy of clearing ied by giving enterprises more bank credit is the worst thing to do and the abolition of such kind policy should be firmly announced. While the long-run solutions to the problem are further reforms of state sector and financial systems, including development of a commercial paper market, the short term policy under current (unchanged) institutional arrangement should by adjustment of aggregate demand for final goods (moderate expansion of investment in infrastructures, in particular, when the «soft-landing» has been achieved), not simply increase in supply of operating funds to enterprises. The target of the policies in current Chinese economy should not be the reduction of ied in absolute terms but stopping the excessive growth of ied and lowering the radio of ied over total transaction in the process of economic growth.
Politique économique et pouvoir de négociation dans une économie en transition : le cas de la politique d'ouverture de la Chine
Authors: Chaudhuri Basudeb , Renard Mary-Françoise 
Published: July 2018

The objective of this article is to analyse some political factors that permitted the «open-door» policy in China. It has been noticed by a lot of analists that China succeeded in gradual and far-reaching economic reform, while carrying out very little political reforms. This is both an analytical puzzle for economists and institutional theorists, and has important implications for other countries on the sequencing, the pace and the area of reform.
We start with the problem of gradualism in the reform process, when the restructuring of the public sector in a socialist economy necessarily implies winners and losers. Using the «insider-outsider» paradigm of Lindbeck and Snower, we try to show that the insider-outsider conflict in China was less acute than in eastern Europe.The structure of the economy and of Chinese society was more amenable to reform, particular given the sequencing of this reform. Since the Chinese economy was continually growing, the central government had enough legitimacy to carry on the reform process and it often accepted to be the looser to have a majority of winner who want to continue.
Programme de ventes anticipées à la moyenne et optimisation des recettes d'exportation : le cas du cacao en Côte-d'Ivoire 1978-1996
Authors: Marquet Yannick 
Published: July 2018

Averaged Forward Sales program and export optimization :
The case of Cocoa in Ivory Coast 1978-1996
This paper tries to estimate the comparative advantage in terms of export benefits of a forward sales program for a soft commodity which would be managed in a centralised way and of a system which would rely on an entirely liberal export regime. Therefore, we suggest a simulation concerning Ivory Coast cocoa during the period 1978-1996. The results show the superiority of the forward sales program which allows on the average an 8% benefits excess on the whole period. This result is particularly important at a time when the Ivory Coast is coming under very strong pressure from the Bretton Woods institutions to liberalise its cocoa export marketing system.
Taux de change réels et échanges régionaux en Afrique de l'Ouest : une analyse en équilibre général des relations Nigeria-Niger
Authors: Dorosh Paul Anthony , Dissou Yazid 
Published: July 2018

Real Exchange Rates and Regional Economie Linkages in West Africa : A CGE Analysis of Nigeria and Niger
Nigeria and its neighbor to the north, Niger, share a porous border over which substantial values of livestock, food products, textiles and small manufactures are traded in a parallel market. For Niger, the effects of the 1994 nominal devaluation and real depreciation of the CFA franc, the common convertible currency of Niger and the CFA franc zone, are complicated by simultaneous changes in Nigeria's trade and exchange rate policies. This paper examines historical movements in the real exchange rates of Nigeria and Niger and links CGE (computable general equilibrium) models of the two economies to simulate the impacts of policy reforms on economic output and income distribution. Simulations of an oil price shock, alternative exchange rate policies in Nigeria and a real depreciation of the CFA franc illustrate the importance of these policies for cross-border trade, real exchange rates on parallel markets, and real incomes of households, particularly in Niger.
Déséquilibre salarial dans les pays de la zone CFA : les politiques de l'emploi sont-elles responsables ?
Authors: Rama Martin 
Published: July 2018

Wage Misalignment in CFA Countries :
Were Labor Market Policies to Blame ?
Wage rigidity, stemming from highly distortive labor market policies, is a natural candidate to explain the over-valuation of the cfa Franc after the adverse external shocks of the 1980s. This paper uses a variety of data sources to assess wage rigidity in CFA countries until the 1994 devaluation, and to analyze whether it was due to labor market policies. The paper shows that wages were high in CFA countries, both compared to wages in similar countries and to the labor earnings of similar individuals within the same countries. It also shows that wages were rigid in real terms, in the sense of following closely the fluctuations of government wages and consumer prices, but it finds no evidence of nominal wage rigidity. Labor market policies may not be at the roots of wage misalignment and real rigidity though. From an international perspective, minimum wages were not high enough to account for the observed wage misalignment. Moreover, their adjustment over time was highly responsive to real shocks. Private sector unions, in turn, seemed more instrumental in achieving wage moderation than wage drift. Their members usually had lower wages than similar, non-unionized workers, which probably reflects the «subordinate» nature of the labor movement. The most likely candidates to explain wage misalignment and real rigidity in CFA countries in the 1980s and early 1990s are therefore government pay policies and (possibly) limited competition in product markets.
Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation
Authors: Carmo Flavio , da Mota Rubens , Kamino Luciana , Jacobi Claudia 
Published: July 2018

Ironstone ranges are considered hotspots for higher plants α and β diversity. The lack of studies and the intense degradation of the ironstone ranges, due to mining, motivated us to compile, for the first time, a list of vascular plants collected on iron-rich derived substrates from ancient landscape of south-eastern Brazil. All existing records in the Brazilian Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi for each of the 43 municipalities containing ironstone ranges were downloaded, resulting in 17,954 vouchers identified to the species level. We found 2,933 species belonging to 160 families and 818 genera.
For the first time, we identified 148 species mentioned in endangered flora official lists and 48 narrow endemic species. Collecting efforts must still be supported to properly sample the vegetation since, for 143 sites, less than 10 records/site were found. This dataset will assist with the indication of dozens of plant species whose threat criteria must be urgently assessed to subsidise public policies on the use and conservation of the Brazilian flora.
Nearly radial Neumann eigenfunctions on symmetric domains
Authors: Siudeja Bartłomiej A. 
Published: July 2018

We study the existence of Neumann eigenfunctions of the Laplacian which do not change sign on the boundary of some special domains. We show that eigenfunctions which are strictly positive on the boundary exist on regular polygons with at least 6 sides, while on equilateral triangles and cubes it is not even possible to find an eigenfunction which is nonnegative on the boundary. This work builds on recent results of Hoffmann–Ostenhof about rectangles.
We use analytic methods combined with symmetry arguments to prove the result for polygons with six or more sides, and combinatorics for equilateral triangles and cubes. The case of the regular pentagon is much harder. Its proof requires deep computational and numerical results which are beyond the scope of the present paper. The pentagonal case, codeveloped with Nilima Nigam and Benjamin Young, will appear in a companion paper.
A particle filter scheme for multivariate data assimilation into a point-scale snowpack model in an Alpine environment
Authors: Piazzi Gaia , Thirel Guillaume , Campo Lorenzo , Gabellani Simone 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The accuracy of hydrological predictions in snow-dominated regions deeply depends on the quality of the snowpack simulations, with dynamics that strongly affect the local hydrological regime, especially during the melting period. With the aim of reducing the modelling uncertainty, data assimilation techniques are increasingly being implemented for operational purposes. This study aims to investigate the performance of a multivariate sequential importance resampling – particle filter scheme, designed to jointly assimilate several ground-based snow observations. The system, which relies on a multilayer energy-balance snow model, has been tested at three Alpine sites: Col de Porte (France), Torgnon (Italy), and Weissfluhjoch (Switzerland). The implementation of a multivariate data assimilation scheme faces several challenging issues, which are here addressed and extensively discussed: (1) the effectiveness of the perturbation of the meteorological forcing data in preventing the sample impoverishment; (2) the impact of the parameter perturbation on the filter updating of the snowpack state; the system sensitivity to (3) the frequency of the assimilated observations, and (4) the ensemble size.The perturbation of the meteorological forcing data generally turns out to be insufficient for preventing the sample impoverishment of the particle sample, which is highly limited when jointly perturbating key model parameters. However, the parameter perturbation sharpens the system sensitivity to the frequency of the assimilated observations, which can be successfully relaxed by introducing indirectly estimated information on snow-mass-related variables. The ensemble size is found not to greatly impact the filter performance in this point-scale application.
Rising Thyroid Disorders Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: Case-Control Study
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Al-Hamaq Abdulla O.A.A. , Barisik Cem Cahit , Özdenkaya Yasar , Öztürk Mustafa 
Published: July 2018

AIM: The objective of study to explore the association between thyroid dysfunction and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to family history and co-morbid conditions.METHODS: This was a case and control study, 762 T2DM patients and 762 control study participants were enrolled, aged between 25 and 65 years. The study based on biochemistry parameters included: fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, and T4.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between T2DM patients and control subjects regarding BMI, physical activity, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, family history thyroid nodules, and number of sleeping hours. The study found statistically significant differences between T2DM and control subjects on calcium (p=0.028), magnesium (p&lt;0.001), potassium (p&lt;0.001), phosphorous (p=0.038), fasting blood glucose (p&lt;0.001), HbA1c (p&lt;0.001), LDL (p=0.002), albumin (p&lt;0.001), billirubin (p=0.015), triglyceride (p&lt;0.001), SBP (p=0.009) and, DBP (p=0.002), TSH (p&lt;0.001), T3 (p&lt;0.001), and T4 (p&lt;0.001). There were statistically significant differences between subjects with and those without thyroid nodules for calcium (p&lt;0.001), magnesium (p&lt;0.001), phosphorous (p=0.022), HDL (p=0.050), TSH (p&lt;0.001), T3 (p&lt;0.001), and T4 (p&lt;0.001). Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that TSH mIU/L ( &lt;0.001), HbA1c ( p&lt; 0.001), family history of thyroid (p&lt; 0.001), Waist circumference, (p&lt;0.001), SBP mmHg (p= 0.002), [DBP mmHg ( p= 0.003), BMI (p= 0.006), Serum Calcium level (mmol/L) (p &lt;0.001], and family history of DM ( p= 0.015) were considered at higher risk as a predictors of thyroid amongT2DM patients.CONCLUSION: The study found a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Turkish T2DM patients compared to the general population. This study suggests that obesity, HbA1c, the environment, and genetic susceptibility among T2DM, may increase the risk of thyroid disease and cancer.
Depth Data Error Modeling of the ZED 3D Vision Sensor from Stereolabs
Authors: Ortiz Luis Enrique , Cabrera Viviana Elizabeth , Goncalves Luiz M G 
Published: July 2018

The ZED camera is binocular vision system that can be used to provide a 3D perception of the world. It can be applied in autonomous robot navigation, virtual reality, tracking, motion analysis and so on. This paper proposes a mathematical error model for depth data estimated by the ZED camera with its several resolutions of operation. For doing that, the ZED is attached to a Nvidia Jetson TK1 board providing an embedded system that is used for processing raw data acquired by ZED from a 3D checkerboard. Corners are extracted from the checkerboard using RGB data, and a 3D reconstruction is done for these points using disparity data calculated from the ZED camera, coming up with a partially ordered, and regularly distributed (in 3D space) point cloud of corners with given coordinates, which are computed by the device software. These corners also have their ideal world (3D) positions known with respect to the coordinate frame origin that is empirically set in the pattern. Both given (computed) coordinates from the camera’s data and known (ideal) coordinates of a corner can, thus, be compared for estimating the error between the given and ideal point locations of the detected corner cloud. Subsequently, using a curve fitting technique, we obtain the equations that model the RMS (Root Mean Square) error. This procedure is repeated for several resolutions of the ZED sensor, and at several distances. Results showed its best effectiveness with a maximum distance of approximately sixteen meters, in real time, which allows its use in robotic or other online applications.
ANODIC PROCESSES ON NiSi ELECTRODE IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Panteleeva Viktoriya V. , Shein Anatoliy B. 
Published: July 2018

Anodic behavior of NiSi in (0.1 – 5.0) M NaOH in the range of potentials from corrosion potential up to oxygen evolution potential was studied using methods of polarization and impedance measurements. It was concluded that in the alkaline electrolyte the selective dissolution of silicon from the nickel silicide occurs. High chemical resistance of NiSi is due to the formation on its surface the passivating film, consisting mainly from poorly soluble products of anodic oxidation of nickel (it may also include a small content of silicon dioxide and silicates). The equivalent electrical circuit modeling the passive state of the silicide was proposed.
Le recours à la légitime défense par les organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme
Authors: Bidias Jean Paul 
Published: July 2018

La présente réflexion se donne pour objectif de questionner les modalités du recours au droit de légitime défense par les organisations régionales, instances réduites de la sécurité collective universelle dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme. Dans cette mesure, le recours à la légitime défense est-il régulièrement opératoire au sein des organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme ? À cet égard, la réponse ne peut aujourd’hui qu’être ambivalente dans la mesure où autant le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies que la pratique actuelle des États laisse entrevoir des possibilités pour une légitime défense émancipée de son encadrement normatif classique.
La contribution de la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones à la protection de l’environnement à la lumière de l’affaire Endorois c Kenya
Authors: Ndayambaje Olivier Dismas 
Published: July 2018

Les peuples autochtones d’Afrique font face à beaucoup de difficultés de mise en oeuvre de leurs droits. Ces difficultés sont essentiellement liées à la définition du concept de « peuples autochtones » lui-même, ainsi qu’à l’accès à la justice. La conception individualiste des droits de l’homme, et ce malgré la reconnaissance des droits des peuples dans la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples de 1981, complique la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones au niveau des États. La Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, étant un organe de recours en cas de violations des droits de l’homme par les États, a, à travers l’Affaire des Endorois c Kenya, réaffirmé le caractère obligatoire des instruments internationaux de protection des droits des peuples autochtones. Rappelant l’aspect collectif de ces droits et en reconnaissant les droits à la terre et aux ressources naturelles pour les Endorois, la Commission a fait un lien direct entre reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones et protection de l’environnement. Dans ce cadre, la consécration du principe de consentement libre, préalable et éclairé et du principe d’étude d’impact environnemental avant l’exécution d’un projet de développement sur les terres ancestrales des peuples autochtones s’avère être un moyen de confirmer le rôle incontournable des peuples autochtones dans la protection de l’environnement.
Neurodevelopment in the First 2 Years of Life Following Prenatal Exposure to Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Vrantsidis Daphne M. , van de Wouw Marcel , Hall Emily R. M. , Kuret Verena , Rioux Charlie , Conrad Melanie L. , Mesa Christine , Harris Angela , Lebel Catherine , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Giesbrecht Gerald F. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe effects of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection on child development throughout the first 2 years of life are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes during the first 2 years of life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the longitudinal, population-based pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic cohort, which recruited participants from April 2020 to July 2022. Children were categorized as exposed to prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection if their birthing parent had a positive polymerase chain reaction test performed by a health authority or as a healthy negative comparison if their birthing parent did not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their postpartum dried blood spot sample.ExposurePrenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe birthing parent reported on their child’s temperament at ages 6 and 24 months, developmental milestones at ages 12 and 24 months, and social-emotional milestones at ages 12 and 24 months.ResultsA total of 896 children were included, with 96 children who had been exposed to a prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.20 [1.50] weeks; 45 [47%] male) and 800 were healthy negative comparisons (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.47 [1.54] weeks; 388 [49%] male). In analyses of covariance adjusted for prepregnancy medical conditions and household socioeconomic status, prenatal exposure to SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with slightly higher regulatory control scores, indicating more regulation, at age 6 months (difference in means, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.02-0.36]; P = .03; ηp2 = 0.01). No significant differences were observed for the other neurodevelopmental outcomes. In mixed models adjusted for the same covariates that aimed to examine change in outcomes over time, prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection exposure was not associated with developmental change in any neurodevelopmental outcomes between ages 6 and 24 months.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this longitudinal cohort study of multiple aspects of child neurodevelopment between ages 6 and 24 months, negligible associations between prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and child outcomes were observed. Follow-up research is warranted to determine whether these predominantly null effects persist into later childhood.
No Evidence for a Negative Effect of Realism When Learning About a Process Despite an Increase in Cognitive Load
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRealistic visualizations have been found to enhance the learning of object shapes, but regarding the learning of processes, the effects of realism are largely unclear. Previous findings indicate that realism can induce a higher level of extraneous cognitive load compared with schematics and that details are attention‐consuming. The present experiment was conducted to assess the effects of realism on learning about a process with combinations of texts and pictures. It was hypothesized that realism would be a hindrance in engaging with texts due to the potential for distraction exerted by details. Students either learned with a schematic or a realistic version of a life‐cycle diagram accompanied by texts. Realism increased participants' extraneous cognitive load, while there were no significant differences regarding retention performance. The results confirm previous results that realism can increase subjective extraneous cognitive load, but highlight that realism may not prevent learners from understanding textual information.