bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External dosimetry audit for quality assurance of carbon‐ion radiation therapy clinical trials
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Fukumura Akifumi , Kanematsu Nobuyuki , Yonai Shunsuke , Shirai Toshiyuki , Yusa Ken , Yanou Toshihiro , Suga Masaki , Mizota Manabu , Minohara Shinichi , Kanai Tatsuaki , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeThe QA team of the Japan carbon‐ion radiation oncology study group (J‐CROS) was organized in 2015 to enhance confidence in the accuracy of clinical dosimetry and ensure that the facility QA procedures are adequate. The team conducted onsite dosimetry audits in all the carbon‐ion radiation therapy centers in Japan.Materials and MethodsA special phantom was fabricated for the onsite dosimetry audit. Target volumes such as the GTV, CTV, and PTV were contoured to the obtained CT images, and two plans with different isocenter depths were created. The dose at the isocenter was measured by an ionization chamber, in the onsite audit and compared with the calculated dose.ResultsFor all the centers, the average of the percentage ratio between the measured and calculated doses (measured/calculated) was 0.5% (−2.7% to +2.6%) and the standard deviation, 1.7%. In all the centers, the beams were within the set tolerance level of 3%.ConclusionsThe audit demonstrated that the dose at a single point in the water phantom was within tolerance, but it is a big step to say that all doses are correct. In addition, this external dosimetry audit encouraged centers to improve the quality of their dosimetry systems.
Photopolymerizable Platelet Lysate Hydrogels for Customizable 3D Cell Culture Platforms
Authors: Santos Sara C. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract3D cell culture platforms have emerged as a setting that resembles in vivo environments replacing the traditional 2D platforms. Over the recent years, an extensive effort has been made on the development of more physiologically relevant 3D cell culture platforms. Extracellular matrix–based materials have been reported as a bioactive and biocompatible support for cell culture. For example, human plasma derivatives have been extensively used in cell culture. Despite all the promising results, in most cases these types of materials have poor mechanical properties and poor stability in vitro. Here plasma‐based hydrogels with increased stability are proposed. Platelet lysates are modified by addition of methacryloyl groups (PLMA) that polymerize in controlled geometries upon UV light exposure. The hydrogels could also generate porous scaffolds after lyophilization. The results show that PLMA materials have increased mechanical properties that can be easily adjusted by changing PLMA concentration or modification degree. Cells readily adhere, proliferate, and migrate, exhibiting high viability when encapsulated in PLMA hydrogels. The innovation potential of PLMA materials is based on the fact that it is a complete xeno‐free solution for human cell culture, thus an effective alternative to the current gold standards for 3D cell culture based on animal products.
Supported Rhodium (Rh@PS) Catalyzed Benzimidazoles Synthesis Using Ethanol/Methanol as C2H3/CH Source
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Sharma Ajay , Yamini  , Das Pralay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn effective and stable polystyrene supported rhodium (Rh@PS) nano‐catalyst has been synthesized by following reduction‐deposition approach and applied for the selective benzimidazoles synthesis from 1,2‐phenylenediamines and ethanol/methanol as C2H3/CH source. The ethanol/methanol in the presence of trace amounts of aerobic oxygen under Rh@PS catalysed condition, first participated in oxidation of alcohol followed by consecutive condensation, cyclization and hydrogen elimination reactions with 1,2‐phenylenediamine gave the desired products in good yields. The Rh@PS catalyst in a single system performed both oxidation and reduction reactions in a selective/specific manner and applied for large substrate scope. Easy recovery, handling, stability, recyclability of the catalyst and less chance of metal contamination with the products are the added advantages of the process.magnified image
Overall seed dispersal effectiveness is lower in endemic Trillium species than in their widespread congeners
Authors: Miller Chelsea N. , Kwit Charles 
Published: November 2018

Premise of the StudyComparing ecological attributes of endemic species with related, widespread species can reveal differences accounting for rarity. Forests of the southeastern United States are home to many range‐restricted endemic and widespread species of Trillium, a genus of ant‐dispersed herbs. Evidence suggests that aspects of seed‐related life history stages are often correlated with plant rarity, but few studies have tested whether the process of seed dispersal differs for endemic and widespread species. To address this question, we compared aspects of seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) for three sympatric, widespread endemic Trillium species pairs.MethodsWe observed seed dispersal for Trillium species pairs by ants at eight sites, recorded numbers of seeds dispersed and dispersal distances, and described disperser interactions. To test disperser preference, we presented seeds of each pair to captive colonies of Aphaenogaster picea, a keystone disperser. Seeds were assigned scores based on worker behavior, and we recorded proportions of seeds dispersed after 1 h and 24 h.Key ResultsField observations yielded some significant within‐pair differences. Ants dispersed more seeds of widespread species for all pairs, although dispersal distances did not differ. In laboratory experiments, after 24 h, ants dispersed more seeds of widespread species into nests.ConclusionsEndemic Trillium species had lower overall SDE than did their widespread congeners. These findings add to the list of ecological and demographic challenges that face endemic plants when compared to common congeners. Lower SDE may negatively impact reproductive rates and the colonization of new habitats, which may contribute to patterns of endemism.
Reduced brain amyloid burden in elderly patients with narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Gabelle Audrey , Jaussent Isabelle , Bouallègue Fayçal Ben , Lehmann Sylvain , Lopez Régis , Barateau Lucie , Grasselli Caroline , Pesenti Carole , de Verbizier Delphine , Béziat Séverine , Mariano‐Goulart Denis , Carlander Bertrand , Dauvilliers Yves ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Multi‐Domain Intervention Alzheimer's Prevention Trial study groups
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether brain amyloid burden in elderly patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is lower than in controls, and to assess in patients with NT1 the relationships between amyloid burden, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) markers of Alzheimer disease (AD), CSF orexin‐A, and cognitive profile.MethodsCognitive and 18F‐florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) data were compared in patients with NT1 aged ≥ 65 years (n = 23) and in age‐ and sex‐matched controls free of clinical dementia selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; n = 69) and the Multi‐Domain Intervention Alzheimer's Prevention Trial (MAPT‐18F AV45‐PET; n = 23) cohorts. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the cortical retention index for 6 regions of interest were computed and averaged to create a mean SUV ratio normalized to 3 subcortical reference regions (cerebellum, pons, and a composite region). A cortical/cerebellum SUV ratio ≥ 1.17 defined positive PET amyloid.ResultsLower cortical amyloid burden was observed in the NT1 than in the ADNI and MAPT‐AV45 groups (mean cortical/cerebellum SUV ratios = 0.95 ± 0.15, 1.11 ± 0.18 [p < 0.0001], and 1.14 ± 0.17 [p = 0.0005], respectively). Similar results were obtained with all subcortical reference regions and for all cortical regions of interest, except cingulum. Only 1 patient with NT1 (4.4%) had positive PET amyloid compared with 27.5% in the ADNI and 30.4% in the MAPT‐AV45 group. In the NT1 group, cortical or regional amyloid load was not associated with CSF orexin‐A, CSF AD biomarkers, or neuropsychological profile.InterpretationLower brain amyloid burden, assessed by 18F‐florbetapir PET, in patients with NT1 suggests delayed appearance of amyloid plaques. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:74–83.
Transient Glass Formation around a Quadrupolar Photoexcited Dye in a Strongly H‐Bonding Liquid Observed by Transient 2D‐IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Dereka Bogdan , Helbing Jan , Vauthey Eric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntermolecular H‐bonding dynamics around a photoexcited quadrupolar dye is directly observed using transient 2D‐IR spectroscopy. Upon solvent‐induced symmetry breaking, the H‐bond accepting abilities of the two nitrile end‐groups change drastically, and in extremely protic (superprotic) solvents, a tight H‐bond complex forms at one end. The time evolution of the 2D C≡N lineshape in methanol points to rapid, 2–3 ps, spectral diffusion due to fluctuations of the H‐bonding network. Similar behavior is observed in a superprotic solvent shortly after photoexcitation of the dye. However, at later times, the completely inhomogeneous band does not exhibit spectral diffusion for at least 5 ps, pointing to a glass‐like environment around one side of the dye. About half of the excited dyes show this behavior attributed to the tight H‐bond complex, whereas the others are loosely bound. A weak cross peak indicates partial exchange between these excited state subpopulations.
Silyldefluorination of Fluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Mallick Shubhadip , Xu Pan , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reaction of readily generated silyl lithium reagents with various aryl fluorides to provide the corresponding aryl silanes is reported. DFT calculations reveal that the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the fluoride anion by the silyl lithium reagent proceeds through concerted ipso substitution. In contrast to the classical nucleophilic aromatic substitution, this concerted ionic silyldefluorination also occurs on more electron‐rich aryl fluorides.
Guidewire fracture during orbital atherectomy for peripheral artery disease: Insights from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database
Authors: Isom Nicholas , Masoomi Reza , Thors Axel , Bunte Matthew , Prasad Anand , Hance Kirk , Gupta Kamal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesOrbital atherectomy (OA) is routinely being used for plaque modification to facilitate percutaneous revascularization in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and arterial calcification. Guidewire fracture (GWF) during OA, though anecdotally described, has not been studied in a systematic manner. We conducted a review of the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database to study the reports of wire fracture and its management and consequences.MethodsWe queried the MAUDE database for all events involving the current generation of the OA device: “Diamondback 360 Peripheral Orbital Atherectomy System”, and “Stealth 360° Orbital PAD System”.ResultsWe identified 62 reports of GWF during OA for PAD. The superficial femoral artery was the most commonly involved atherectomy site. The wire fractured at the soft tip in a majority of cases (68%). Embolized wire fragments were left in the patient in 36 cases (58%), retrieved percutaneously in 10 cases (16%), and trapped by a stent against the arterial wall in eight cases (13%). Lastly, eight patients (13%) underwent surgery for removal of the wire fragment.ConclusionsThis is the first published report to study the complication of GWF during peripheral OA. GWF is an uncommon but has significant procedural and clinical consequences. It results in a high rate of ancillary rescue procedures (including surgery) and is associated with a higher risk of arterial thrombosis and complications from wire retrieval attempts. The risk of wire fracture may be avoided with carefully adherence to the IFU.
Formation of dead zone in catalytic particles in catalysis and biocatalysis—new alternative method of determination
Authors: Król Grzegorz , Szukiewicz Mirosław , Chutkowski Marcin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new alternative method of the determination of necessary conditions for dead zone formation has been proposed. This novel approach is based on simple mathematics and is more intuitive compared to methods that are available in other literature. Its efficiency in the determination of the necessary conditions has been shown for cases that have not yet been discussed as well as in complementary cases that have been taken from solutions from other literature, e.g., for a two‐reagent reaction system, which has been described in detail. Numerical and experimental examples have been given to illustrate the obtained results.
Heterogenous loss of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression: a challenge for immunohistochemical interpretation and microsatellite instability (MSI) evaluation
Authors: McCarthy Aoife J , Capo‐Chichi Jose‐Mario , Spence Tara , Grenier Sylvie , Stockley Tracy , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , Serra Stefano , Sabatini Peter , Chetty Runjan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is used to identify MMR status: being diffusely positive (intact/retained nuclear staining) or showing loss of nuclear tumour staining (MMR protein deficient). Four colonic adenocarcinomas and a gastric adenocarcinoma with associated dysplasia that displayed heterogenous IHC staining patterns in at least one of the four MMR proteins were characterised by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). In order to examine a potential molecular mechanism for these staining patterns, the respective areas were macrodissected, analysed for microsatellite instability (MSI) and investigated by NGS and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes, including MLH1 methylation analysis. One colonic adenocarcinoma showed heterogenous MSH6 IHC staining and molecular analysis demonstrated increasing allelic burden of two MSH6 frameshift variants (c.3261delC and c.3261dupC) in areas with MSH6 protein loss compared to areas where MSH6 was retained. Two colonic adenocarcinomas with heterogenous MLH1 staining showed no differences in sequence variants. In one of these cases, however, MLH1 was hypermethylated in the area of MLH1 loss. Another colon carcinoma with heterogenous PMS2 staining (but with retained MSH6) showed both MSH6 c.3261dupC and 3260_3261dupCC where PMS2 protein was lost and only c.3261dupC where PMS2 was retained. The gastric carcinoma showed complete loss of MSH6 in dysplastic foci, while the underlying invasive carcinoma showed retention of MSH6. Both these areas, however, were MSI‐high and showed the same MSH6 variant: c.3261delC. The gastric dysplasia additionally showed MSH6 c.3261dupC. In four of the five cases where MMR protein was lost, these areas were MSI‐high. Heterogenous MMR IHC (focal and/or zonal within the same tumour or between invasive and dysplastic preinvasive areas) is not always due to artefact and is invariably related to MSI‐high status in the areas of loss. An interesting aspect to this study is the presence of MSH6 somatic mutations irrespective of whether MSH6 IHC staining was intact or lost.
High‐Throughput Assessment of Mechanistic Toxicity of Chemicals in Miniaturized 3D Cell Culture
Authors: Joshi Pranav , Kang Soo‐Yeon , Datar Akshata , Lee Moo‐Yeal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐content imaging (HCI) assays on two‐dimensional (2D) cell cultures often do not represent in vivo characteristics accurately, thus reducing the predictability of drug toxicity/efficacy in vivo. On the other hand, conventional 3D cell cultures are relatively low throughput and possess difficulty in cell imaging. To address these limitations, a miniaturized 3D cell culture has been developed on a micropillar/microwell chip platform with human cells encapsulated in biomimetic hydrogels. Model compounds are used to validate human cell microarrays for high‐throughput assessment of mechanistic toxicity. Main mechanisms of toxicity of compounds can be investigated by analyzing multiple parameters such as DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, intracellular glutathione level, and cell membrane integrity. IC50 values of these parameters can be determined and compared for the compounds to investigate the main mechanism of toxicity. This paper describes miniaturized HCI assays on 3D‐cultured cell microarrays for high‐throughput assessment of mechanistic profiles of compound‐induced toxicity. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction in Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wook , Son Yoonkook , Choi Keunsu , Kim Sun‐I , Son Yeonguk , Park Joohyuk , Lee Jun Hee , Jang Ji‐Hyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo realize the full performance of Zn–air batteries, the co‐presence of a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the system is critical. Although copper and nickel are known to be bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER, sluggish reactions as a result of the exceptionally strong O=O bond on the metal surface make it difficult to achieve high system efficiency. In this study, a metal carbide layer (CuCx and NiCx) on dendritic copper and nickel is fabricated by a facile electrodeposition process to provide efficient catalytic active sites with moderate binding energy for easy electron transfer in both the OER and the ORR. The dendritic structure provides an enriched catalytic surface and the protective metal carbide layer offers an appropriate O binding energy and durability of Zn–air batteries. Owing to the presence of the stable metal carbide surface on the dendritic metal, the CuCx/Cu and NiCx/Ni catalysts exhibited well‐defined limiting current densities of −5.19 and −5.11 mA cm−2, respectively, and improved ORR and OER activities with lower polarization than the corresponding metal catalysts. Density functional theory revealed a 0.74 eV decrease in the overpotential of NiCx/Ni‐catalyzed OER reactions compared with Ni‐catalyzed OER reactions. The experimental and theoretical results prove that carbide layers on dendritic metal surfaces can greatly improve the activity of ORR and OER bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries.
Effect of Sunflower Collets Moisture on Extraction Yield and Oil Quality
Authors: Pérez Ethel E. , Baümler Erica R. , Crapiste Guillermo H. , Carelli Amalia A. 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of moisture content of sunflower expanded material on the quality of the extracted oil by determining its wax, phospholipids, and tocopherol content and composition. Sunflower oil extraction is carried out in a batch extractor at 50 °C using hexane and three moisture levels (5.65, 12.40, and 18.92% dry basis). The increasing moisture content causes an increment in both oil yield and total amount of minor compounds. The total wax content ranges between 808 and 1118 ppm, the wax fraction is composed mainly of esters of between 44 and 58 carbon atoms (>67%), and the distribution does not change with the moisture content. In all the experiments, α‐ and β‐tocopherols and β‐tocotrienol are detected, with the level of α‐tocopherol being higher than 93% and easier to extract at 12.40% moisture. Furthermore, the phospholipids content in the oil increases with moisture content but maintains its profile composition. The obtained results can be explained in terms of water activity and the effect of moisture and hexane extraction on solid structure, studied by scanning electron microscopy. In brief, the moisture content of the collets not only affects the oil yield but also the content of minor compounds, the intermediate moisture rendering the better oil yield and quality.Practical Applications: The data obtained provides updated information on oil yield and quality associated with moisture content of sunflower collets, useful to select the optimal operating conditions for oil extraction and to establish a trade‐off between performance and quality.Sunflower collets are conditioned in their moisture content to determine the isotherm sorption and the effects on the oil extraction and quality.
Role of NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of status epilepticus
Authors: Kapur Jaideep 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis review considers the role of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors in the pathophysiology and treatment of status epilepticus (SE). NMDA receptors play a critical role in sustaining SE by mediating the plasticity of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, neuronal loss, and epileptogenesis. In parallel, there is growing interest in using the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine in the treatment of refractory SE. Ketamine has proved to be safe for use in refractory and super‐refractory SE in patients. The pilot studies also suggest that ketamine may be efficacious for termination of refractory SE.
Liquid biopsies
Authors: Lianidou Evi , Pantel Klaus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLiquid biopsy is based on minimally invasive blood tests and has a high potential to significantly change the therapeutic strategy in cancer patients, providing an extremely powerful and reliable noninvasive clinical tool for the individual molecular profiling of patients in real time. Liquid biopsy approaches include the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs, and tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are shed from primary tumors and their metastatic sites into peripheral blood. The major advantage of liquid biopsy analysis is that it is minimally invasive, and can be serially repeated, thus allowing extracting information from the tumor in real time. Moreover, the identification of predictive biomarkers in peripheral blood that can monitor response to therapy in real time holds a very strong potential for novel approaches in the therapeutic management of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on CTCs and ctDNA and discuss future trends in the field.
Specialized neural dynamics for verbal and tonal memory: fMRI evidence in congenital amusia
Authors: Albouy Philippe , Peretz Isabelle , Bermudez Patrick , Zatorre Robert J. , Tillmann Barbara , Caclin Anne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBehavioral and neuropsychological studies have suggested that tonal and verbal short‐term memory are supported by specialized neural networks. To date however, neuroimaging investigations have failed to confirm this hypothesis. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis of distinct neural resources for tonal and verbal memory by comparing typical nonmusician listeners to individuals with congenital amusia, who exhibit pitch memory impairments with preserved verbal memory. During fMRI, amusics and matched controls performed delayed‐match‐to‐sample tasks with tones and words and perceptual control tasks with the same stimuli. For tonal maintenance, amusics showed decreased activity in the right auditory cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorso‐lateral‐prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, they exhibited reduced right‐lateralized functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the IFG during tonal encoding and between the IFG and the DLPFC during tonal maintenance. In contrasts, amusics showed no difference compared with the controls for verbal memory, with activation in the left IFG and left fronto‐temporal connectivity. Critically, we observed a group‐by‐material interaction in right fronto‐temporal regions: while amusics recruited these regions less strongly for tonal memory than verbal memory, control participants showed the reversed pattern (tonal > verbal). By benefitting from the rare condition of amusia, our findings suggest specialized cortical systems for tonal and verbal short‐term memory in the human brain.