bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive scalar transport in rotating turbulent channel flow
Authors: Brethouwer Geert 
Published: April 2018

Passive scalar transport in turbulent channel flow subject to spanwise system rotation is studied by direct numerical simulations. The Reynolds number $Re=U_{b}h/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is fixed at 20 000 and the rotation number $Ro=2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}h/U_{b}$ is varied from 0 to 1.2, where $U_{b}$ is the bulk mean velocity, $h$ the half channel gap width and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ the rotation rate. The scalar is constant but different at the two walls, leading to steady scalar transport across the channel. The rotation causes an unstable channel side with relatively strong turbulence and turbulent scalar transport, and a stable channel side with relatively weak turbulence or laminar-like flow, weak turbulent scalar transport but large scalar fluctuations and steep mean scalar gradients. The distinct turbulent–laminar patterns observed at certain $Ro$ on the stable channel side induce similar patterns in the scalar field. The main conclusions of the study are that rotation reduces the similarity between the scalar and velocity field and that the Reynolds analogy for scalar-momentum transport does not hold for rotating turbulent channel flow. This is shown by a reduced correlation between velocity and scalar fluctuations, and a strongly reduced turbulent Prandtl number of less than 0.2 on the unstable channel side away from the wall at higher $Ro$. On the unstable channel side, scalar scales become larger than turbulence scales according to spectra and the turbulent scalar flux vector becomes more aligned with the mean scalar gradient owing to rotation. Budgets in the governing equations of the scalar energy and scalar fluxes are presented and discussed as well as other statistics relevant for turbulence modelling.
Bryozoan fauna of the Lake Valley Formation (Mississippian), New Mexico
Authors: Ernst Andrej , Krainer Karl , Lucas Spencer G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTen bryozoan species are described from the Andrecito and Tierra Blanca members of the Lake Valley Formation (Mississippian) of Sierra County, New Mexico, USA. One genus, with one species, is new—a cystoporate,Cystomeson sierraensisn. gen. n. sp. The bryozoans indicate quieter and deeper conditions in the Andrecito Member and more agitated and shallower conditions in the Tierra Blanca Member. The species identified in this study are endemic to North America, whereas at the generic level, the composition is rather cosmopolitan.UUID:http://zoobank.org/fc354A60-1fbc-4e41-8b9b-bbfd65e59a71
An Equivariant Theory for the Bivariant Cuntz Semigroup
Authors: Tornetta Gabriele N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe provide an equivariant extension of the bivariant Cuntz semigroup introduced in previous work for the case of compact group actions over C*-algebras. Its functoriality properties are explored, and some well-known classification results are retrieved. Connections with crossed products are investigated, and a concrete presentation of equivariant Cuntz homology is provided. The theory that is here developed can be used to define the equivariant Cuntz semigroup. We show that the object thus obtained coincides with the one recently proposed by Gardella [‘Regularity properties and Rokhlin dimension for compact group actions’, Houston J. Math.43(3) (2017), 861–889], and we complement their work by providing an open projection picture of it.
Twenty-one lessons learnt
Authors: Sergison Jonathan 
Published: April 2018

A number of years ago, my practice Sergison Bates was invited to take part in a competition for a housing project in north London. At some point in the competitive interview, I stated that every project we undertake is unique in the set of interests it investigates, and could be understood as a form of research. I still believe that this is true, although I would be cautious about making the same comment again in such circumstances. We did not win the competition and found out later that a number of members of the members of the jury took issue with my statement. They misconstrued it, thinking that what we had in mind was some form of speculative enterprise with implicit risks and an uncertain outcome, which they would be funding. I now understand the difficulty the client had. Naturally, they wanted to be assured that we had the experience and competence to deliver a building that would serve their needs and be fit for purpose.When we set up in practice – at about the same time as arq was launched – Stephen Bates and I had learnt some things about building from working for a number of established architects in practice. When we formally founded our own practice, we accepted a future of uncertainty, although this was countered by great optimism on our part. Looking back, it is clear that a series of events that were wholly out of our control have shaped the practice we now have. Many of the projects we worked on in the early years took on issues for the first time, and this partly explains why it feels that we undertook more research then than we do now. I do, however, believe that we are constantly building upon a set of shared interests, and while the knowledge we have acquired through building is cumulative, our restless curiosity to explore new themes and ideas remains unchanged.
Research at the RIBA: an institutional history 1958–71
Authors: Hay Rowena , Shasore Neal , Samuel Flora 
Published: April 2018

Exactly 50 years ago, the Council of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) launched a new policy and commitment to ‘architectural research.’ At its meeting on 7 December 1967, it set in motion a new programme to accelerate and coordinate the growth of research in architecture, not only in architectural schools but through research centres and in practices. In addition, it reinforced its commitment to building up the Institute's own competence in research, ‘so that it can speak authoritatively on behalf of the profession in the formulation of national research policies and investment programmes.This paper seeks to historicise the formation, development and promotion of architectural research – what we are terming the idea of architectural research – in light of the Institute's renewed commitment to a research agenda through the appointment in December 2017 of a Vice President for Research (an entirely new role) and the publication of a suite of resources aimed at ‘de-mystifying’ research in practice and promoting the evidencing of design quality and the value of the architect. These initiatives have their origin in the invention of architectural research as a distinct tradition and a post-rationalisation of what had gone before following on from the Oxford Conference in 1958. Furthermore, we situate the invention of this tradition not only within professional and educational debates of the post-war period, but also in the changing and fluctuating landscape of government policy on the promotion and funding of research, itself a response to a perceived cultural and political angst about the UK's shortcomings in productivity and development. In contextualising and problematising the creation and fostering of a ‘research culture’ in the UK architecture profession over the last 60 or so years, we also uncover some of the assumptions behind the contemporary self-conscious pre-occupation with developing the research culture of architects. The paper begins with a discussion of historiography and methodology before moving to the research context of construction history and the role played by the RIBA Research Group in developing the idea of architectural research.
Recovery and relapse from severe acute malnutrition after treatment: a prospective, observational cohort trial in Pakistan
Authors: Dale Nancy M , Salim Laila , Lenters Lindsey , Sadruddin Salim , Myatt Mark , Zlotkin Stanley H 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveMillions of children suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in low- and middle- income countries. Much is known about the effectiveness of community treatment programmes (CMAM) but little is known about post-discharge outcomes after successful treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate post-discharge outcomes of children cured of SAM.DesignProspective, observational cohort study. Children with SAM who were discharged as cured were followed monthly for 6 months or until they experienced relapse to SAM. ‘Cure’ was defined as a child achieving a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of ≥115 mm with ≥15 % weight gain after loss of oedema. Relapse was defined as a child with MUAC<115 mm and/or oedema at any monthly visit.SettingSave the Children CMAM programme in Swabi, Pakistan, from January 2012 to December 2014.SubjectsChildren aged 6–59 months (n117) discharged as cured from the CMAM programme were eligible for the study and followed for 6 months.ResultsOne hundred children (92·6 %) remained free of SAM, eight (7·4 %) relapsed to SAM, nine (8·3 %) were lost to follow-up and none died. Most relapses occurred within 3 months of discharge (mean time to relapse 73·4 (sd36·2) d). At enrolment, 90 % had moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 10 % were not malnourished. By the end of 6 months, 35 % persisted with MAM and the remaining were not malnourished.ConclusionsIn rural Pakistan, fewer than 10 % of children cured of SAM relapsed. The first 3 months is the most vulnerable time.
A compact planar circularly polarized eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna
Authors: Wang Ni , Xu Xiaowen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA compact and planar broadband circularly polarized (CP) eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) antenna is proposed in this paper. An isosceles right triangular waveguide with one electric sidewall (located on one of its catheti) and two magnetic sidewalls (located on the other two edges of the triangle) is presented to investigate the characteristics of the EMSIW. The closed-form mode solutions of the electromagnetic field components and the cut-off frequencies are derived for all propagating modes in this triangular waveguide. The simulated electromagnetic field distribution is consistent with the analytical results. The resonant frequencies of the EMSIW cavity are then determined. A CP antenna consisting of four EMSIW elements is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 21.6% from 4.72 to 5.86 GHz. Within this frequency range, the measured reflection coefficient is below −10 dB, and the measured peak gain in circular polarization at broadside is 6.89 dBic at 5.1 GHz.
Interactions Between Quizalofop-p-ethyl and Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicides in Acetyl-coA Carboxylase Inhibitor–Resistant Rice Production
Authors: Rustom Samer Y. , Webster Eric P. , Blouin David C. , McKnight Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station (RRS) to evaluate antagonistic, synergistic, or neutral interactions of quizalofop when mixed with ALS-inhibiting herbicides labeled in rice production. Quizalofop was applied at 120 g ai ha−1. Mixture herbicides included penoxsulam at 40 g ai ha−1, penoxsulam+triclopyr at 352 g ai ha−1, halosulfuron at 53 g ai ha−1, bispyribac at 34 g ai ha−1, orthosulfamuron+halosulfuron at 94 g ai ha−1, orthosulfamuron+quinclorac at 491 g ai ha−1, imazosulfuron at 211 g ai ha−1, and bensulfuron at 43 g ai ha−1. All ALS herbicides mixed with quizalofop indicated antagonistic responses for red rice, CL-111, CLXL 745, or barnyardgrass control at either 14 or 28 days after treatment (DAT). At 28 DAT, quizalofop mixed with penoxsulam or bispyribac controlled barnyardgrass 34 to 38%, compared with an expected control of 97%. In addition, these same mixtures controlled red rice, CL-111, and CLXL-745 61 to 67% at 28 DAT compared with an expected control of 96 to 97%. A second application of quizalofop at 120 g ha−1was applied at 28 DAT. At 42 DAT, neutral responses were indicated for all mixtures except with quizalofop mixed with penoxsulam containing products.
Generalized Management Strategies to Delay Herbicide Resistance: A Simulation Approach
Authors: West Argen M. , Altieri Anthony L. , Cryer Steven A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWeed species develop resistance to herbicides through the repeated use of the same herbicide mechanism of action (MOA). Farmers often resort to different MOAs once a weed population has become resistant to the MOA that resulted in a resistant weed population. Delaying herbicide resistance is of great importance to growers due to the limited number of commercially available MOAs. Resistance may occur through monogenic or polygenic traits, and various academic and industrial modeling tools have been developed to help infer cause–effect from multiple interacting factors that may not be intuitive. This work explores various best management practices in delaying weed resistance, and we give details for monogenic and quantitative polygenic resistance models and investigate combinations of management strategies that lead to maximizing the product life span for a herbicide. Management practices under parametric uncertainty are provided to showcase how various practices can be used to extend lifetime product performance before resistance is manifest. Penalty functions associated with choosing a unique management strategy, based upon grower constraints, are the subject of a companion manuscript.
Transmission of a Magnetospheric Pc1 Wave Beam Through the Ionosphere to the Ground
Authors: Fedorov E. N. , Pilipenko V. A. , Engebretson M. J. , Hartinger M. D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA characteristic feature of the upper ionosphere is the occurrence of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) and the ionospheric fast‐mode waveguide (IFW), which can trap electromagnetic wave energy in the Pc1 frequency range from fractions of a hertz to a few hertz. This wave trapping ensures the dependence of ionospheric transmission/reflective properties on frequency. We numerically model magnetospheric Alfvén wave transmission through the ionosphere to the ground based on solution of the magnetohydrodynamic full‐wave equations in a realistic ionosphere, whose parameters are reconstructed from the International Reference Ionosphere model. The spatial structure of an incident wave is modeled as a localized beam with a finite latitudinal scale λ⊥ and an azimuthally propagating wave. The IAR and IFW modes are coupled owing to the Hall conductivity and geomagnetic field inclination. Ground spatial and spectral structures of the Pc1 wave (0.1‐ to 6‐Hz band) have been calculated for summer day/night conditions at the Antarctic Halley observatory, though results may be qualitatively applied to any midlatitude site. An incident wave with azimuthal wave vector ky=1.7·10−3 km−1, and λ⊥=102 km has been considered. The model predicts that beneath the incident beam the ground magnetic response “duplicates” its structure after accounting for a π/2 rotation and some latitudinal shift/widening. The transmission has an oscillatory dependence on frequency, thus forming “transmission windows” at resonant frequencies of IAR and IFW modes. The spectra vary depending on distance from an incidence point. Interference between IFW modes is revealed in the nonmonotonic and frequency‐dependent character of latitudinal variations of wave amplitude.
ERG3 and ERG11 genes are critical for the pathogenesis of Candida albicans during the oral mucosal infection
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Liao Min , Zhu Chengguang , Hu Yao , Tong Ting , Peng Xian , Li Mingyun , Feng Mingye , Cheng Lei , Ren Biao , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hyphal development of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been considered as an essential virulent factor for host cell damage. However, the missing link between hyphae and virulence of C. albicans is also been discovered. Here, we identified that the null mutants of ERG3 and ERG11, two key genes in ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, can form typical hyphae but failed to cause the oral mucosal infection in vitro and in vivo for the first time. In particular, the erg3Δ/Δ and erg11Δ/Δ strains co-cultured with epithelial cells significantly reduced the adhesion, damage, and cytokine (interleukin-1α (IL-1α)) production, whereas the invasion was not affected in vitro. Importantly, they were incapable of extensive hyphal invasion, formation of micro-abscesses, and tongue epithelium damage compared to wild type due to the decrease of the colonization and epithelial infection area in a murine oropharyngeal candidiasis model. The fluconazole (FLC), an antifungal targeted at ergosterol biosynthesis, relieved the epithelial infection of C. albicansin vitro and in vivo even under non-growth inhibitory dosage confirming the virulent contribution of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The erg3Δ/Δ and erg11Δ/Δ strains were cleared by macrophages similar to wild type, whereas their virulence factors including agglutinin-like sequence 1 (Als1), secreted aspartyl proteinase 6 (Sap6), and hyphal wall protein-1 (Hwp1) were significantly reduced indicated that the non-toxicity might not result from the change on immune tolerance but the defective virulence. The incapacity of erg3Δ/Δ and erg11Δ/Δ in epithelial infection highlights the contribution of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway to C. albicans pathogenesis and fluconazole can not only eliminate the fungal pathogens but also reduced their virulence even at low dosage.
Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with bifidogenic properties abolishes metabolic disorders induced by western diet in mice
Authors: Neyrinck Audrey M. , Hiel Sophie , Bouzin Caroline , Campayo Vicenta Garcia , Cani Patrice D. , Bindels Laure B. , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Non-digestible carbohydrates present in cereals such as fructans and arabinoxylans represent promising prebiotic nutrients to prevent the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The aim of this study was to determine the corrective effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides in obese mice fed a western diet (WD). WD was given for 4 weeks before wheat bran extract (WBE) supplementation (5%) for an additional 4 weeks, whereas a control group received the standard diet.

Results
Bifidogenic effect of WBE was evidenced by an induction of both Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in the caecal content. WBE supplementation normalised WD-induced fat-mass expansion, steatosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia reaching the values of control mice. The reduced glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release observed in WD + WBE mice may be a protective mechanism in terms of reducing adipose tissue storage, hepatic steatosis and glucose homoeostasis.

Conclusion
We found that WBE completely abolished WD-induced metabolic disorders. Those results might be useful to take into account nutritional advices to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and fatty liver diseases when obesity was already established.
An audit of the dietary intake of Australian children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gilbertson Heather R. , Reed Kristen , Clark Sarah , Francis Kate L. , Cameron Fergus J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo understand what children with type 1 diabetes in a representative tertiary hospital clinic are eating compared to their peers and explore dietary intake impact on HbA1c outcome. An open cross-sectional dietary audit of children and adolescents with diabetes aged 2–17 years attending the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne was conducted using an age-appropriate validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Total energy, macronutrient intake and diet quality were calculated and compared to dietary advice provided and national intake data. Body weight, and dietary intake influences on glycaemic control were investigated. Overall, 785 patients were recruited, from which 429 dietary surveys were completed. Dietary intakes were overall nutritionally adequate with macronutrient distribution (% total energy intake) being lower carbohydrate (48.6%), higher total sugars (22.4%), fat (32.9%), saturated fat (14.9%) and protein intake (19.1%) than recommendations, but similar to their peers. Energy intakes were excessive compared to their peers in the 4–13 year olds. Rates of overweight (30%) were significantly higher than national data (18%). Overall, 43% achieved optimal glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7.5%; <58 mmol/mol). HbA1c prediction via linear regression indicated that the following factors were associated with lower HbA1c values: being male, on pump regimen, lower rates of insulin per kg, shorter duration of disease. This audit has identified areas requiring targeted education/support to improve health outcomes including dietary adherence, rates of overweight/obesity, appropriate energy intakes and optimal glycaemic targets. Furthermore, it provides baseline data to evaluate efficacy of future interventions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: CircHIPK3 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by sponging miR-7
Authors: Zeng Kaixuan , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xu Mu , Liu Xiangxiang , Hu Xiuxiu , Xu Tao , Sun Huiling , Pan Yuqin , He Bangshun , Wang Shukui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMounting evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a vital role in human diseases, especially cancers. More recently, circHIPK3, a particularly abundant circRNA, was proposed to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been explored. In this study, we found circHIPK3 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, at least in part, due to c-Myb overexpression and positively correlated with metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Moreover, Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that high-level expression of circHIPK3 was an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (OS) in CRC (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74–6.51, p = 0.009). Functionally, knockdown of circHIPK3 markedly inhibited CRC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed CRC growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, by using biotinylated-circHIPK3 probe to perform RNA pull-down assay in CRC cells, we identified miR-7 was the only one microRNA that was abundantly pulled down by circHIPK3 in both HCT116 and HT29 cells and these interactions were also confirmed by biotinylated miR-7 pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Overexpression of miR-7 mimicked the effect of circHIPK3 knockdown on CRC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of circHIPK3 effectively reversed miR-7-induced attenuation of malignant phenotypes of CRC cells by increasing the expression levels of miR-7 targeting proto-oncogenes (FAK, IGF1R, EGFR, YY1). Remarkably, the combination of circHIPK3 silencing and miR-7 overexpression gave a better effect on tumor suppression both in vitro and in vivo than did circHIPK3 knockdown or miR-7 overexpression alone. Taken together, our data indicate that circHIPK3 may have considerable potential as a prognostic biomarker in CRC, and support the notion that therapeutic targeting of the c-Myb/circHIPK3/miR-7 axis may be a promising treatment approach for CRC patients.