bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in 18F‐THK5351 positron emission tomography in corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Ezura M. , Kikuchi A. , Ishiki A. , Okamura N. , Hasegawa T. , Harada R. , Watanuki S. , Funaki Y. , Hiraoka K. , Baba T. , Sugeno N. , Oshima R. , Yoshida S. , Kobayashi J. , Kobayashi M. , Tano O. , Nakashima I. , Mugikura S. , Iwata R. , Taki Y. , Furukawa K. , Arai H. , Furumoto S. , Tashiro M. , Yanai K. , Kudo Y. , Takeda A. , Aoki M. 
Published: April 2019

Background and purposeCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) is pathologically characterized by tau deposits in neuronal and glial cells and by reactive astrogliosis. In several neurodegenerative disorders, 18F‐THK5351 has been observed to bind to reactive astrocytes expressing monoamine oxidase B. In this study, the aim was to investigate the progression of disease‐related pathology in the brains of patients with CBS using positron emission tomography with 18F‐THK5351.MethodsBaseline and 1‐year follow‐up imaging were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 18F‐THK5351 in 10 subjects: five patients with CBS and five age‐matched normal controls (NCs).ResultsThe 1‐year follow‐up scan images revealed that 18F‐THK5351 retention had significantly increased in the superior parietal gyrus of the patients with CBS compared with the NCs. The median increases in 18F‐THK5351 accumulation in the patients with CBS were 6.53% in the superior parietal gyrus, 4.34% in the precentral gyrus and 4.33% in the postcentral gyrus. In contrast, there was no significant increase in the regional 18F‐THK5351 retention in the NCs.ConclusionsLongitudinal increases in 18F‐THK5351 binding can be detected over a short interval in the cortical sites of patients with CBS. A monoamine oxidase B binding radiotracer could be useful in monitoring the progression of astrogliosis in CBS.
The effects of valproic acid on early pregnancy human placentas: Pilot ex vivo analysis in cultured placental villi
Authors: Tetro Nino , Imbar Tal , Wohl Debra , Eisenberg Iris , Yagel Simcha , Shmuel Miriam , Eyal Sara 
Published: April 2019

SummaryValproic acid is an established structural and neurodevelopmental teratogen. Recently, we demonstrated that valproate alters the barrier function of perfused term human placentas. Here, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the effects of subchronic valproate exposure on carrier expression in cultured placental villous explants from early human pregnancies. Placental tissue of gestational age 6‐13 weeks was collected from elective pregnancy terminations in women without known epilepsy. The effects of valproate (42, 83, or 166 μg/mL) on the mRNA expression of 37 major placental carriers and related genes were evaluated by a customized gene expression array (n = 5, 5 days). Five‐day exposure to valproate was associated with high variability in gene expression. However, two main gene clusters were identified, including a cluster of three major folate carriers. Exposure to low therapeutic levels of valproate (42 μg/mL) was associated with a tendency toward reduced mRNA expression of genes encoding folate and amino acid and fatty acid carriers (P = 0.065, paired analysis). Our initial findings suggest that valproate can affect the function of the human placenta during early pregnancy.
Burden and epidemiology of status epilepticus in infants, children, and adolescents: A population‐based study on German health insurance data
Authors: Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Zöllner Johann Philipp , Ansorge Sonja , Hapfelmeier Jana , Bonthapally Vijayveer , Eldar‐Lissai Adi , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObjectiveStatus epilepticus (SE) is an important medical emergency condition with particularly unfavorable outcome in refractory and superrefractory SE (SRSE). The economic impact of SE and especially of SRSE in the pediatric population remains unclear. We aimed to determine the burden of illness of SE in a pediatric patient population.MethodsInsurance records for patients aged 0‐18 years admitted between 2008 and 2015 were selected from a nationwide insurance research database utilizing International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) codes for SE (G41), epilepsy (G40), or febrile convulsions (R56). Patients were further classified based on admission to the intensive care unit and use of mechanical ventilation.ResultsThe algorithm identified 11 693 seizure‐related admissions and classified 4% as SE. Of these cases, 282 (60.4%) were classified by the algorithm as nonrefractory SE (NRSE), 125 (26.8%) as refractory SE (RSE), and 60 (12.8%) as SRSE. The crude SE incidence was 17.6/100 000, with NRSE being 11.4/100 000, RSE 3.9/100 000, and SRSE 2.3/100 000. SRSE incidence peaked in the 0‐ to 1‐year‐old age subgroup accounting for 48.3% of all pediatric SRSE admissions. The median length of stay (LOS) for all SE cases was 7 days, with median 44.5 days in SRSE, 5 days in NRSE, and 12 days in RSE. Mean admission costs for total SE were €15 880, with a mean expense for SRSE of €75 358, for NRSE of €4119, and for RSE of €13 864. The mean LOS for non‐SE epilepsy admissions was 3 days, with mean costs of €2697 for epilepsy and €1614 for febrile convulsion admissions. There were no deaths in non‐SE and NRSE admissions, whereas the overall mortality for SE was 3%, with 5.6% in RSE and 11.7% in SRSE.SignificanceAlthough cases classified as SE represented 4% of the seizure‐associated admissions, they accounted for 22% of the overall costs. These costs were disproportionately represented by SRSE cases, which accounted for 62% of all SE‐associated costs.
Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of drug‐resistant epilepsy secondary to encephalomalacia
Authors: He Xinghui , Zhai Feng , Guan Yuguang , Zhou Jian , Li Tianfu , Luan Guoming 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term outcomes and prognostic factors in patients who underwent surgical resection for drug‐resistant epilepsy secondary to encephalomalacia.MethodsA total of 143 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who underwent surgical resection with a follow‐up of at least 5 years were included. Seizure outcomes were evaluated based on the International League Against Epilepsy classification. Univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model in a backward fashion were used to identify the potential predictors of seizure outcomes.ResultsThree months after surgery, 102 of 143 (71.3%) patients had achieved favorable seizure outcomes. Five years after surgery, 107 of 143 (74.8%) patients had achieved favorable seizure outcomes. Changes in the postoperative seizure status were observed in 22 of 143 (15.4%) patients during follow‐up, but the difference in the seizure‐free rate between 3 months and 5 years after surgery was not significant. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that only a monthly seizure frequency of >30 seizures (odds ratio = 3.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.19‐9.76) and bilateral ictal onset rhythms (odds ratio = 4.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.61‐12.39) were independent predictors of unfavorable seizure outcomes.SignificanceSurgical resection is an effective treatment for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy secondary to encephalomalacia. Knowledge of the predictors of seizure outcomes may help during preoperative counseling and selection of optimal candidates for epilepsy surgery among patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy secondary to encephalomalacia.
Nonadherence to treatment regimens in epilepsy from the patient's perspective and predisposing factors: Differences between intentional and unintentional lack of adherence
Authors: Henning Oliver , Johannessen Landmark Cecilie , Nakken Karl O. , Lossius Morten I. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryNonadherence to recommended antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment regimens can result in seizure relapse with increased health risks. Nonadherence can be unintentional (eg, patients forget to take a dose), or intentional, when patients consciously decide not to follow the agreed AED treatment regimen. We aimed to determine the extent to which Norwegian patients with epilepsy (PWEs) report taking their AED differently from prescribed, either intentionally or unintentionally, and to identify risk factors for either form of nonadherence. Of 1182 PWEs who completed an online survey presented on the website of the Norwegian Epilepsy Association, 40% reported that they sometimes or often forget to take their AED as scheduled, and about 30% reported that they consciously chose not to follow the AED treatment plan agreed upon with their physician. Independent variables significantly associated with unintentional nonadherence include the following: feeling depressed, being younger than the mean age, and having memory problems. Independent factors significantly associated with intentional nonadherence include the following: feeling depressed, male gender, and perceptions of stigmatization. To improve the treatment of PWEs, it is important to distinguish between intentional and unintentional nonadherence to AED treatment regimens, as different risk factors and reasons associated with nonadherence to AED treatment regimens might require different interventions.
Repeatability of the hyperglycaemic clamp for assessment of β‐cell response and insulin sensitivity in horses
Authors: Lindåse S. , Johansson H. , Månsby M. , Bröjer J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe hyperglycaemic clamp has been used for measurement of insulin sensitivity (IS) but not for measurement of β‐cell response in the horse. However, the repeatability of this test has not been reported for horses.ObjectivesTo determine the repeatability and reliability of measures for IS and β‐cell response to glucose using the hyperglycaemic clamp in horses.Study designRepeated measures, longitudinal study.MethodsSix healthy Standardbred mares underwent a 120‐min hyperglycaemic clamp on two occasions with a 10‐day washout period. Indices of repeatability and reliability were calculated from measures of IS and β‐cell response to glucose derived from each hyperglycaemic clamp.ResultsMeasures of β‐cell response to glucose, including area under the insulin response curve in the time interval 0–120 min and during steady state (60–120 min), as well as the mean insulin concentration during steady state had coefficient of variations (CV) of 9.5, 10.5 and 9.3 respectively and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.93, 0.93 and 0.95 respectively. The measure of glucose disposal (M) had lower CV (12.4) and ICC (0.71) compared to measure of IS (M/I‐index; CV of 17.4 and ICC of 0.89).Main limitationsThe study was conducted in a small number of horses.ConclusionsThe hyperglycaemic clamp is a diagnostic method for assessing β‐cell response to intravenous glucose with high repeatability and reliability. Insulin sensitivity can be determined with the same test but the repeatability for these measurements is lower compared to the measurements for β‐cell response.
Cooperation between β‐galactosidase and an isoprimeverose‐producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase is key for xyloglucan degradation in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Watanabe Masahiro , Kameda Tomoshi , Kameyama Akihiko , Yaoi Katsuro 
Published: April 2019

The galactosylation of xyloglucan blocks many of the enzymatic processes targeting this oligosaccharide. We found that the expression of a gene encoding Aspergillus oryzae β‐galactosidase (LacA) is induced in the presence of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. With detailed analyses of the substrate specificity of purified recombinant LacA, we show that LacA cleaves galactopyranosyl residues from xyloglucan oligosaccharides, but not from xyloglucan polysaccharide, and plays a vital role in xyloglucan degradation. LacA acts cooperatively with the isoprimeverose‐producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase IpeA to hydrolyze xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Galactosylation of the xylopyranosyl side chain at the nonreducing end of oligoxyloglucan saccharides completely abolishes IpeA activity while LacA efficiently removes the galactopyranosyl residue. Conversely, an isoprimeverose unit at the nonreducing end of the main chain of xyloglucan oligosaccharides blocks LacA activity, while IpeA can still remove the isoprimeverose moiety. This is the first study reporting the cooperative action of β‐galactosidase and isoprimeverose‐producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase on xyloglucan oligosaccharide degradation. Our findings shed light on the true role of LacA and the enzymatic coordination between β‐galactosidase and other hydrolases on xyloglucan degradation.
The frequency and characteristics of pain and discomfort associated with root filled teeth: a practice‐based study
Authors: Jonsson Sjögren J. , Kvist T. , Eliasson A. ,   EndoReCo, Pigg M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo (i) investigate the frequency and characteristics of pain and discomfort associated with root filled teeth in adult patients regularly attending the Public Dental Service in Örebro County, Sweden; (ii) assess the association between symptoms and clinical and radiographic findings; and (iii) explore the impact of pain and discomfort from root filled teeth on daily life.MethodologyPatient records of adult patients (≥20 years) scheduled for routine check‐ups in April 2015 were screened to identify individuals with root filled teeth; all patients with ≥1 root filled tooth were asked to participate. The examination comprised of clinical and radiographic examinations and questionnaires on general health, on pain symptoms from root filled teeth and on the impact of pain on daily activities. In a general estimating equation (GEE), examination findings and patient‐related factors were independently analysed in relation to the outcome ‘presence of pain’.ResultsIn total, 550 patients with 1256 root filled teeth participated. Fifty‐three patients (9.6%) experienced pain or discomfort from 62 (4.9%) root filled teeth. Lower age, percussion tenderness and apical tenderness were significantly associated with pain (P > 0.001 to P = 0.044). The average pain intensity was 2.1 on a (0–10) Numeric Rating Scale, and average duration was 28.4 months. The impact on daily life was low.ConclusionsOn average, pain associated with root filled teeth was of mild intensity, >2 years of duration and had low impact on daily life. Although the significantly associated clinical findings may indicate apical periodontitis as the most probable explanation in some teeth, the origin of pain from root filled teeth remains partly unexplained.
Synthesis of Al2O3 coatings on Ti(C, N)‐based cermets by microwave plasma CVD using Al(acac)3
Authors: Tu Rong , Yuan Yang , Guo Litong , Li Jun , Zhang Song , Yang Meijun , Li Qizhong , Zhang Lianmeng , Goto Takashi , Ohmori Hitoshi , Shi Ji , Li Haiwen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) was used as a precursor to synthesize aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings on Ti(C, N)‐based ceramic by microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD). Al2O3 coatings transformed from γ phase to δ phase and α phase and as microwave power (pM) and total pressure (Ptot) increased. The effects of pM and Ptot on the microstructure of the Al2O3 coating and oxidation of the substrate have been investigated. The relationship between phase structure and adhesive strength of the coatings was also studied. Coatings deposited at pM = 1.0‐1.2 kW and Ptot = 400 Pa exhibited good adhesion strength (Class 1).
Study of acrylamide mitigation in model systems and potato crisps: effect of rosmarinic acid
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Qi Mengyuan , Liu Huangyou , Yan Haiyang 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn the current study, rosmarinic acid (RosA) played a critical role in inhibiting acrylamide (AA) formation in Maillard system and potato chips. Compared to the control group, AA formation was markedly inhibited by RosA of 10−4 and 10−1 mm in asparagine (Asn)‐glucose (Glc) system, and 10−5−1.0 mm in Asn‐fructose (Fru) system. The kinetic study indicated that with heating time ranging from 30 to 60 min, RosA had a significant inhibition effect on AA formation. Mechanism study showed the addition reaction between RosA and AA was the primary pathway to inhibit AA formation. In potato crisps, response surface methodology showed that frying temperature of 140.11 °C, frying time of 6.02 min and RosA concentration of 0.012 μm had the lowest AA formation. In conclusion, RosA inhibited AA formation in both the model systems and potato crisps, and its application in food industry is well expected.
Evolution of functional, thermal and pasting properties of sprouted whole durum wheat flour with sprouting time
Authors: Jribi Sarra , Sahagùn Marta , Debbabi Hajer , Gomez Manuel 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis research investigated the evolution of functional, pasting and thermal properties of durum wheat (Triticum durum) with sprouting time. Particle size, flour and flour gel hydration properties (Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Swelling Volume (SV), Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), Swelling Power (SP)), Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC), Pasting and thermal properties were evaluated on different sprouting time: 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. Results showed that more than 12 h decreased significantly particle size,WHC(−14.8%),SV(−19%),SP(−14%) andWAI(−36.5%) whileWSI(+383%) andOAC(+7.3%) increased. Pasting properties drastically decreased with sprouting time.DSCresults showed a significant increase in onset temperature (T0) (from 55.2 to 58.2 °C), peak temperature (Tp) (from 62.4 to 63.8 °C) while conclusion temperatureTcdecreased (from 76 to 72.6 °C). Despite these changes, sprouted whole wheat flour could be suggested as an improver of some cereal products’ functionality.
Changes in kernel properties, in situ gelatinization, and physicochemical properties of waxy rice with inhibition of starch branching enzyme during cooking
Authors: Pan Ting , Lin Lingshang , Zhang Long , Zhang Changquan , Liu Qiaoquan , Wei Cunxu 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe kernel properties, gelatinisation and physicochemical properties of rice were investigated in a waxy rice Guang‐ling‐xiang‐nuo (GLXN) and its transgenic line GLXN‐RNAi with inhibition of starch branching enzyme I/IIb. The volume swelling, water content and leached material of cooked kernels increased with increasing cooking time, but they were lower in GLXN‐RNAi than in GLXN. The kernels of GLXN‐RNAi were more difficultly gelatinised and disrupted than those of GLXN during cooking. The starch in the exterior of GLXN‐RNAi endosperm was not completely gelatinised. The CA‐type starch of GLXN‐RNAi was more resistant to cooking than A‐type starch of GLXN. The cooked kernels of GLXN‐RNAi had lower rapidly digestible starch and greater slowly digestible starch than those of GLXN. Brown rice flour had higher peak, hot, final and setback viscosities and lower breakdown viscosity in GLXN than GLXN‐RNAi. These results indicated that GLXN‐RNAi kernels exhibited great potential in applications as health foods.
Revealing the effects of aerosol deposition on the substrate‐film interface using NaCl coating
Authors: Khansur Neamul H. , Eckstein Udo , Li Yizhe , Hall David A. , Kaschta Joachim , Webber Kyle G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAerosol deposition is a feasible method of fabricating dense ceramic films at room temperature by the impact consolidation of submicron‐sized particles on ceramic, metal, glass, and polymer substrates at a rapid rate. Despite the potential usefulness of the aerosol deposition process, there are issues, such as deposition mechanisms and structure of the film‐substrate interface, that are not well understood. We have used complementary structural and microstructural analysis to capture the state of the substrate surface after the aerosol deposition process. The results reveal that modification of the substrate surface by the ejected submicron‐sized particles is essential for the formation of anchoring layer, thereby, a change in internal residual stress state and surface free energy of the substrate is required to deposit film using AD process. Our analysis also suggests that the adhesion between the metal substrate and ceramic particles is possibly contributed by both physical bonding and mechanical interlocking.
Weakening thermal quenching to enhance luminescence of Er3+ doped β‐NaYF4 nanocrystals via acid‐treatment
Authors: Yang Dandan , Pan Qiwen , Kang Shiliang , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRare earth (RE) ions‐doped luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) with numerous unique advantages have attracted tremendous interest for the wide applications from science to engineering, yet suffering from the shortcoming of thermal quenching coming from surface organic ligands. We propose utilizing a facile acid‐base reaction to remove surface organic ligands introduced choosing carboxylic acids as stabilizing agent and weaken thermal quenching. The results showed that the acid‐base reaction displayed an outstanding cleaning effect. After acid‐treatment, most surface organic ligands were removed, and there was no influence on crystal structure and morphology of as‐prepared β‐NaYF4:Er3+ NCs. Meanwhile, with no surface organic ligands capping, β‐NaYF4:Er3+ NCs preferred brighter emission after thermal treatment, including up‐conversion (UC), near‐infrared (NIR), and mid‐infrared (MIR) emission. When calcined the acid‐treated β‐NaYF4:Er3+ NCs in different atmosphere, such as oxygen and reducing atmosphere (15%H2 + 85%N2), an unexpected enhancement of all emission bands in Er3+ was determined under phase transformation temperature, especially in oxygen atmosphere. Furthermore, all the fluorescence lifetimes of Er3+ also exhibited obvious extension. Our results supposed that the β‐NaYF4:Er3+ NCs have promising applications in safety ink, and the acid‐treatment by diluted hydrochloric acid is a general approach to remove deleterious organic ligands on NC surface further to weaken thermal quenching.
A constitutive model for the sintering of suspension plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coating with vertical cracks
Authors: Lv Bowen , Mücke Robert , Zhou Dapeng , Fan Xueling , Wang Tiejun J. , Guillon Olivier , Vaßen Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe degradation of mechanical properties due to sintering is one of the major issues during high temperature service of thermal barrier coating system for advanced gas turbines. In this study, a constitutive model was developed by the variational principle, based on the experimentally observed microstructure features of suspension plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coatings. The constitutive model was further implemented in finite element analysis software, in order to investigate the effect of vertical cracks. The evolution of microstructure during sintering, coating shrinkage and mechanical degradation were predicted. The numerical predictions of Young's modulus were generally in agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the effect of vertical cracks on the strain tolerance and sintering resistance were discussed. It was confirmed that the introduction of vertical cracks contributed to the improvement of both properties.
Induced p‐type semiconductivity in yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Vendrell Xavier , West Anthony R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) ceramic is an oxide ion conductor at atmospheric pressure but shows the onset of p‐type semiconduction, in addition to the preexisting oxide ion conduction, on application of a dc bias in the range 4‐66 Vcm−1 and at temperatures in the range 150°C‐750°C. The p‐type behavior is attributed to the location and hopping of holes on oxygen. This contrasts with the commonly observed introduction of n‐type conduction under reducing conditions and high fields. The hole conductivity increases with both dc bias and pO2. Its occurrence may contribute to the early stages of flash phenomena in 8YSZ ceramics.