bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal effects of maternal psychological distress on child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11: analysis from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Hope Steven , Pearce Anna , Chittleborough Catherine , Deighton Jessica , Maika Amelia , Micali Nadia , Mittinty Murthy , Law Catherine , Lynch John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychological distress is common among women of childbearing age, and limited longitudinal research suggests prolonged exposure to maternal distress is linked to child mental health problems. Estimating effects of maternal distress over time is difficult due to potential influences of child mental health problems on maternal distress and time-varying confounding by family circumstances.MethodsWe analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample with data collected throughout childhood. Adopting a marginal structural modelling framework, we investigated effects of exposure to medium/high levels of maternal psychological distress (Kessler-6 score 8+) on child mental health problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire borderline/abnormal behaviour cut-off) using maternal and child mental health data at 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, accounting for the influence of child mental health on subsequent maternal distress, and baseline and time-varying confounding.ResultsPrior and concurrent exposures to maternal distress were associated with higher levels of child mental health problems at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. For example, elevated risks of child mental health problems at 11 years were associated with exposure to maternal distress from 3 years [risk ratio (RR) 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.49)] to 11 years [RR 2.15 (95% CI 1.89–2.45)]. Prolonged exposure to maternal distress at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 resulted in an almost fivefold increased risk of child mental health problems.ConclusionsPrior, concurrent and, particularly, prolonged exposure to maternal distress raises risks for child mental health problems. Greater support for mothers experiencing distress is likely to benefit the mental health of their children.
Neutron activation analysis of Aegean-style IIIC pottery from the Goldman excavations at Tarsus-Gözlükule
Authors: Mountjoy P.A. , Mommsen H. , Özyar A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe appearance of Aegean-style IIIC pottery at Tarsus occured at a time of unrest and of movement of peoples resulting in part from the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces on the Greek mainland. Mycenaean Late Helladic IIIB pottery exports from mainland Greece to Cyprus and the Levant disappeared and were gradually replaced by local imitations. Eventually Aegean-style IIIC pottery appeared in the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface, in Cyprus and at various sites on the southern coast of Turkey and in the Levant. It was not exported from the Greek mainland, but seems to have been locally made at each site. A first series of neutron activation analysis (NAA) was carried out on pottery from Tarsus to determine how much of the Aegean-style 12th-century BC pottery was locally produced, how much was imported and, if imported, from whence it came. The favourable results of this first analysis gave rise to a second NAA of more Aegean-style pottery from Tarsus, bringing the total number of pieces analysed to 67. It has confirmed the local production of the pottery; the chemical group TarA is the dominant local group at Tarsus, comprising a third of the samples. A smaller group, TarB, may also be local. The analysis revealed a large number of Aegean-style IIIC imports from Cyprus from several different sites; these make up a quarter of the samples. There are a few imports from other areas, including the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface. Influence from both Cyprus and the Interface can also be seen at Tarsus in the use of some shapes and motifs. A comparison with 12th-century BC imports identified by NAA at the site of Tell Kazel (ancient Simyra) in Syria directly east of Cyprus shows imports from the same two areas.
HOW CAN HEALTH SYSTEMS PREPARE FOR NEW AND EMERGING HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES? THE ROLE OF HORIZON SCANNING REVISITED
Authors: Oortwijn Wija , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Habens Fay , Trowman Rebecca 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:For many years, several health technology assessment (HTA) agencies scanned the horizon to identify health technologies that were safe, effective and offer value for money. However, there is limited evidence regarding its impact. The role of horizon scanning in preparing health systems for the uptake of new and emerging health technologies was discussed during the 2018 HTA International (HTAi) Global Policy Forum Meeting.Methods:Reflection of the discussion between seventy-two senior representatives from for-profit, not-for-profit organizations, and HTAi leadership. It was informed by a background paper, and presentations from four invited experts and seventeen Policy Forum members.Results:Current horizon scanning systems (HSS) mainly identify health technologies in the late stage of development, aiming to inform topic selection for HTA. Areas for improvement included the need for a clearer definition of the end user(s), purpose, scope, and focus of HSS, the long-term full health system effects, including all relevant stakeholders as early as possible, and considering smart data systems and international collaboration to improve HSS's efficiency. The way in which HSS could be further optimized and better shaped to prepare health systems was also discussed and good practice examples were presented.Conclusions:HSS have not yet reached their full potential in preparing health systems. To improve the current situation, the HTA community could act as convenors, bringing together all relevant stakeholders and providing the information that decision makers need. This would require a new, more integrative approach to define and use HSS and HTA, and requires new skills.
Giardiasis: a diagnosis that should be considered regardless of the setting
Authors: Escobedo Angel A. , Almirall Pedro , Hanevik Kurt , Cimerman Sérgio , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Almanza Caridad , Auza-Santivañez Jhossmar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough Giardia, the aetiological agent of giardiasis, is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasitic infections world-wide, for industrialised countries, it is mainly appreciated as an imported disease with the minimal local transmission. However, the current evidence challenges this perception; Giardia has relevance beyond the high prevalence areas. This infection may be asymptomatic or cause gastrointestinal complains and long-term sequelae, including irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue and impaired child growth and cognitive development. Its detection and diagnosis present a challenge to physicians who may not be familiar with this infection. To improve interventions to control this parasitosis, it is necessary to maintain a high index of suspicion and remain vigilant in finding cases at risk for infection. A better understanding of the characteristics of populations importing infections alongside improved methods to reliably classify infections as imported or acquired locally will help to ensure early and accurate diagnosis. The evidence shows that public health problems like giardiasis are global issues that need to be addressed collectively by both high and low prevalence countries.
Popular sovereignty over natural resources: A critical reappraisal of Leif Wenar’sBlood Oilfrom the perspective of international law and justice
Authors: GÜMPLOVÁ PETRA 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:The article discusses the concept of popular sovereignty over natural resources and its possible applicability to a broader account of natural resource justice based on a moral interpretation of international law. Leif Wenar’s recent proposal to entrench popular resource sovereignty as a counterclaim to illegitimate uses of natural resources by corrupt and authoritarian regimes serves as the starting point for the discussion of the possible meaning of popular resource sovereignty and its role in an account of natural resource justice. Three key aspects of Wenar’s conception are in focus: 1) the framing of popular resource sovereignty within the current system of sovereign territoriality, 2) the notion of collective ownership of natural resources as the content of popular resource sovereignty, and 3) civil and political rights as the key set of norms determining the conditions of legitimate exercise of resource sovereignty. The article argues that collective sovereignty claims over natural resources can neither be framed exclusively through boundaries of current sovereign states, nor understood in terms of full and unlimited property rights. Concerning civil and political rights, I argue we need to move past the liberal conception of legitimacy toward a more comprehensive human rights-based conception of justice serving as a standard for assessment of legitimacy of both sovereign and non-sovereign entities which have rights over natural resources.
Linkage Between Dinitrogen Fixation and Primary Production in the Oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Bombar Deniz , Riemann Lasse , Sato Mitsuhide , Hashihama Fuminori , Kodama Taketoshi , Tanita Iwao , Takeda Shigenobu , Saito Hiroaki , Hamasaki Koji , Furuya Ken 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe import of nitrogen via dinitrogen fixation supports primary production, particularly in the oligotrophic ocean; however, to what extent dinitrogen fixation influences primary production, and the role of specific types of diazotrophs, remains poorly understood. We examined the relationship between primary production and dinitrogen fixation together with diazotroph community structure in the oligotrophic western and eastern South Pacific Ocean and found that dinitrogen fixation was higher than nitrate‐based new production. Primary production increased in the middle of the western subtropical region, where the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium dominated the diazotroph community and accounted for up to 7.8% of the phytoplankton community, and the abundance of other phytoplankton taxa (especially Prochlorococcus) was high. These results suggest that regenerated production was enhanced by nitrogen released from Trichodesmium and that carbon fixation by Trichodesmium also contributed significantly to total primary production. Although volumetric dinitrogen fixation was comparable between the western and eastern subtropical regions, primary production in the western waters was more than twice as high as that in the eastern waters, where UCYN‐A1 (photoheterotroph) and heterotrophic bacteria were the dominant diazotrophs. This suggests that dinitrogen fixed by these diazotrophs contributed relatively little to primary production of the wider community, and there was limited carbon fixation by these diazotrophs. Hence, we document how the community composition of diazotrophs in the field can be reflected in how much nitrogen becomes available to the wider phytoplankton community and in how much autotrophic diazotrophs themselves fix carbon and thereby influences the magnitude of local primary production.
Intensified Cold Pool Dynamics Under Stronger Surface Heating
Authors: Haerter Jan O. , Schlemmer Linda 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe observed increase of convective extreme precipitation intensities with temperature beyond the Clausius‐Clapeyron rate has recently directed attention to nonequilibrium processes that might cause the increase. While out‐of‐equilibrium simulations with perturbed heating conditions show clear increases in convective precipitation intensities, it has so far remained unclear, to which extent precipitation intensities can increase, when the atmosphere is in “perpetual equilibrium” (PE). We use the term PE to describe periodically forced diurnal cycles that eventually yield an approximately repetitive atmospheric response from day to day. In PE, as defined here, precipitation extremes increase at rates beyond the Clausius‐Clapeyron rate. When analyzing causes for the increase, we find the variance in near‐surface temperature to increase significantly as precipitation builds up throughout the day and that this temperature variance is larger when surface heating is increased. We propose that enhanced rain evaporation may drive a feedback, by which cold pool activity, and the possible collision of cold pool gust fronts, is strengthened—thereby intensifying subsequent convective updrafts and their precipitation.
Independent DEM of Antarctica Using GNSS‐R Data From TechDemoSat‐1
Authors: Cartwright Jessica , Clarizia Maria Paola , Cipollini Paolo , Banks Christopher J. , Srokosz Meric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first digital elevation model (DEM) of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from Global Navigation Satellite Systems‐Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) data from the UK TechDemoSat‐1 satellite is presented. This is obtained using 32 months of data from the mission. This opportunistic and inexpensive method is shown to produce encouraging results from the technology demonstration platform of TechDemoSat‐1, with median bias under 18 m and root‐mean‐square difference under 91 m when compared to the CryoSat‐2 1‐km DEM v1.0. Discrepancies between the two data sets are explored along with possible causes of such differences and potential improvements to further optimize this technique for future GNSS‐R missions.
Time‐Dependent Compaction as a Mechanism for Regular Stick‐Slips
Authors: van den Ende M. P. A. , Niemeijer A. R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOwing to their destructive potential, earthquakes receive considerable attention from laboratory studies. In friction experiments, stick‐slips are studied as the laboratory equivalent of natural earthquakes, and numerous attempts have been made to simulate stick‐slips numerically using the discrete element method (DEM). However, while laboratory stick‐slips commonly exhibit regular stress drops and recurrence times, stick‐slips generated in DEM simulations are highly irregular. This discrepancy highlights a gap in our understanding of stick‐slip mechanics, which propagates into our understanding of earthquakes. In this work, we show that regular stick‐slips emerge in DEM when time‐dependent compaction by pressure solution is considered. We further show that the stress drop and recurrence time of stick‐slips are directly controlled by the kinetics of pressure solution. Since compaction is known to operate in faults, this mechanism for frictional instabilities directly relates to natural seismicity.
Measurements of three-dimensional refractive index tomography and membrane deformability of live erythrocytes from Pelophylax nigromaculatus
Authors: Kim Geon , Lee Moosung , Youn SeongYeon , Lee EuiTae , Kwon Daeheon , Shin Jonghun , Lee SangYun , Lee Youn Sil , Park YongKeun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnlike mammalian erythrocytes, amphibian erythrocytes have distinct morphological features including large cell sizes and the presence of nuclei. The sizes of the cytoplasm and nuclei of erythrocytes vary significantly over different species, their environments, or pathophysiology, which makes hematological studies important for investigating amphibian species. Here, we present a label-free three-dimensional optical quantification of individual amphibian erythrocytes from frogs Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Rana nigromaculata). Using optical diffraction tomography, we measured three-dimensional refractive index (RI) tomograms of the cells, which clearly distinguished the cytoplasm and nuclei of the erythrocytes. From the measured RI tomograms, we extracted the relevant biochemical parameters of the cells, including hemoglobin contents and hemoglobin concentrations. Furthermore, we measured dynamic membrane fluctuations and investigated the mechanical properties of the cell membrane. From the statistical and correlative analysis of these retrieved parameters, we investigated interspecific differences between frogs and previously studied mammals.
Diagnostic yield and accuracy of coronary CT angiography after abnormal nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Meinel Felix G. , Schoepf U. Joseph , Townsend Jacob C. , Flowers Brian A. , Geyer Lucas L. , Ebersberger Ullrich , Krazinski Aleksander W. , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Thierfelder Kolja M. , Baker Deborah W. , Khan Ashan M. , Fernandes Valerian L. , O’Brien Terrence X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe aimed to determine the diagnostic yield and accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in patients referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) based on clinical concern for coronary artery disease (CAD) and an abnormal nuclear stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) study. We enrolled 100 patients (84 male, mean age 59.6 ± 8.9 years) with an abnormal MPI study and subsequent referral for ICA. Each patient underwent CCTA prior to ICA. We analyzed the prevalence of potentially obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) on CCTA and calculated the diagnostic accuracy of ≥50% stenosis on CCTA for the detection of clinically significant CAD on ICA (defined as any ≥70% stenosis or ≥50% left main stenosis). On CCTA, 54 patients had at least one ≥50% stenosis. With ICA, 45 patients demonstrated clinically significant CAD. A positive CCTA had 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity with a 100% negative predictive value and 83% positive predictive value for clinically significant CAD on a per patient basis in MPI positive symptomatic patients. In conclusion, almost half (48%) of patients with suspected CAD and an abnormal MPI study demonstrate no obstructive CAD on CCTA.
β-Oxidation in ghrelin-producing cells is important for ghrelin acyl-modification
Authors: Ikenoya Chika , Takemi Shota , Kaminoda Arisa , Aizawa Sayaka , Ojima Shiomi , Gong Zhi , Chacrabati Rakhi , Kondo Daisuke , Wada Reiko , Tanaka Toru , Tsuda Sachiko , Sakai Takafumi , Sakata Ichiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGhrelin is a unique fatty acid-modified peptide hormone produced in the stomach and has important roles in energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility. However, the medium-chain fatty acid source for ghrelin acyl-modification is not known. We found that a fat-free diet and the removal of intestinal microbiota did not decrease acyl-ghrelin production in the stomach or plasma acyl-ghrelin levels in mice. RT-PCR analysis showed that genes involving fatty acid synthesis, metabolism, and transport were expressed in pancreas-derived ghrelinoma (PG-1) cells. Treatment with an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) strongly decreased acylated ghrelin levels but did not affect ghrelin or ghrelin o-acyl transferase (GOAT) mRNA levels in PG-1 cells. Our results suggest that the medium-chain fatty acid used for the acyl-modification of ghrelin is produced in ghrelin-producing cells themselves by β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids provided from the circulation.
Hybrid Plasmonic Microring Nano-Ruler
Authors: Du Jing , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurface plasmonic polariton (SPP) has attracted increasing interest for its ability of confining light in the subwavelength scale and breaking the diffraction limit. Recently, there have appeared several important developments of SPP applied in plasmon rulers, waveguides and resonators. By combing these concepts we present a novel hybrid plasmonic microring nano-ruler relying on the sensitive hybrid mode property and the microring resonator structure. The designed nano-ruler can measure distance in nanoscale resolution and offer adjustable sensitivity, which exceeds 14.8 as the distance is less than 5 nm by recording the transmission spectra and outstrips 200 dB/nm by observing the shift of output intensity. These demonstrations suggest that hybrid plasmonic microring nano-ruler could be a promising candidate enabling high-resoluation measurement.
Broadband frequency-reconfigurable metamaterial absorber using switchable ground plane
Authors: Jeong Heijun , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we propose a broadband frequency-reconfigurable metamaterial absorber using a novel switchable ground plane (SGP). A double resistive square-ring resonator is introduced for broadband absorption. The distance between the top resonator pattern and the ground plane determines the resonant frequency; the proposed SGP is thus capable of switching the absorption frequency band. The SGP can be either ground or reactive, by switching the PIN diodes on and off, respectively. The SGP is placed as the middle layer, between the top pattern and the bottom ground plane. In the low frequency band, the SGP becomes reactive and the bottom ground plane works as the ground plane of the absorber. In the high frequency band, the SGP works as the ground plane and the bottom ground plane does not affect the absorber. The proposed idea is demonstrated via full-wave simulations and measurements. The absorption of the fabricated sample with 27 × 27 unit cells is measured under normal incidence. When the PIN diodes of the SGP are turned on, an absorption higher than 90% is achieved between 3.5–11 GHz. When the PIN diodes of the SGP are turned off, an absorption higher than 90% is achieved between 1.7–5.2 GHz.
Meteor showers of comet C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
Authors: Neslušan L. , Hajduková M. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. We intend to map the meteor complex of the long-period comet C/1964 N1 (Ikeya), which is a proposed parent body of the July ξ-Arietids, the meteor shower 533 in the IAU MDC list.
Methods. For five perihelion passages of the parent comet in the past, we modeled the associated theoretical stream, its parts, consisting of 10 000 test particles each, and followed the dynamical evolution of these parts up to the present. We performed several simulations of the evolution, with various strengths of the Poynting–Robertson effect. At the end of each simulation, we analyzed the mean orbital characteristics of the particles that approached Earth orbit and thus created one or several showers. The showers were compared with their observed counterparts as separated from photographic and several video databases when the separation was successful.
Results. The modeled stream of C/1964 N1 typically approaches Earth orbit in four filaments that correspond to four showers. Their radiant areas are close to the apex of Earth’s motion around the Sun. We confirm the generic relationship between the studied parent comet and the July ξ-Arietids. The comet also seems to be the parent of the ϵ-Geminids, shower 23, and we suspect a relationship between the comet and the ξ-Geminids, shower 718, although the relationship is rather uncertain. The real counterparts of three of the predicted showers were selected in the CAMS and SonotaCo databases. However, these real showers are diffuse, with relatively few members, and determination of their characteristics is therefore uncertain; the showers were separated into more than one single “modification”. Confirmation of their existence will have to await considerably more numerous data.
Gonarthrose
Authors: Vigl Sebastian , Dunkenberger Thomas , Meurer Stephanie , Kämmerer Kay Uwe 
Published: June 2018

SummaryVier Experten stellen Ihnen Behandlungskonzeptebei Gonarthrose mit phytotherapeutischen Strategien, aus der tibetischen Medizin, aus der Spagyrik und mit Komplexmitteln vor.
Die Lücke im Beipackzettel
Authors: Diefenbach Martin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDamit man bei einem homöopathischen Mittel eine Indikation angegeben darf, muss es eine Monographie für den Wirkstoff von der Kommission D (zuständig für Homöopathie) geben. Sind in einem Mittel mehrere Wirkstoffe kombiniert, muss jedes Einzelmittel dasselbe Anwendungsgebiet laut der Monographie aufweisen. Andernfalls kann ein Einzel- oder kombiniertes Mittel ohne Indikationsangabe registriert werden.