bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting‐edge strategies for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shinde Rajesh S. , Bhandare Manish , Chaudhari Vikram , Shrikhande Shailesh V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWorldwide, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for more than 400 000 deaths every year, being the 12th most common cancer and the seventh most frequent cause of death from cancer. Regardless of the advances in diagnosis and treatment, PDAC continues to have dismal outcomes and fewer than 25% of patients survive for 1 year. In the absence of metastatic disease, radical surgery remains the most important factor for improving survival and possibly offer cure. However, approximately 80% of patients cannot be offered surgery owing to locally advanced or metastatic disease at presentation. At presentation, only 10%–20% patients are eligible for resection, 30%–40% are unresectable/locally advanced and 50%–60% are metastatic. One promising development in recent years has been the inclusion of a new subgroup within the locally advanced tumors of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) comprising approximately 5%–10% of the total patient population. Although its exact definition has been refined over the past few years depending on the vascular involvement around the tumor, the term was initially proposed for tumors that are at a high risk of having margin positivity after resection. Various treatment approaches are still evolving for this entity. Herein, we reviewed the current status of different treatment modalities for BRPC.
A virtual assessment of the proposed suprainiac fossa on the early modern European calvaria from Cioclovina, Romania
Authors: Bosman Abel Marinus , Harvati Katerina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe calvaria from Cioclovina (Romania) has been argued to possess some traits commonly ascribed to individuals belonging to the Neanderthal lineage, including a suprainiac fossa. However, its supranuchal morphology has only been evaluated with a qualitative analysis of the ectocranial surface. We evaluate whether the morphology of the supranuchal area of this specimen is homologous to the Neanderthal condition.Materials and MethodsWe described in detail the external morphology, and, using computed tomography, investigated the internal morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal area. We took measurements of the internal structures and calculated their relative contributions to total cranial vault thickness, which were compared to published data and evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsThe Cioclovina supranuchal region is characterized by superficial resorption present on the outer layer of the external table. Neither the diploic layer nor the external table decrease in relative thickness in the area above inion. In the PCA, Cioclovina falls within the convex hulls of recent modern Homo sapiens.DiscussionOur results show that the morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal region does not correspond to the external and internal morphology of the typical Neanderthal suprainiac fossa. It cannot be characterized as a depression but rather as an area presenting superficial bone turnover. Together with earlier results, there is little phenotypic evidence that Cioclovina has high levels of Neanderthal ancestry. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of this quantitative method in assessing proposed Neanderthal‐like suprainiac depressions in Upper Paleolithic and other fossil specimens.
Ab Initio Simulation of Ta2O5: A High Symmetry Ground State Phase with Application to Interface Calculation
Authors: Yuan Jun‐Hui , Xue Kan‐Hao , Chen Qi , Fonseca Leonardo R. C. , Miao Xiang‐Shui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is reported that the recently predicted triclinic γ‐phase ground state Ta2O5 by Yang and Kawazoe can be assigned a much more symmetric I41/amd space group, and is isomorphic to P‐Nb2O5. Interestingly, the well‐known high temperature α‐phase Ta2O5 also has the I41/amd symmetry, but is unstable at zero temperature according to our phonon dispersion calculation. A thorough energy comparison of the βAL, δ, λ, Β, LSR, βR, Pm, Cmmm, γ, and α phases of Ta2O5 is carried out using density functional theory under the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The GGA‐1/2 method is applied in calculating the electronic structure of various phases, where the tetragonal γ‐phase demonstrates a 4.24 eV indirect band gap, close to experimental value. The high symmetry tetragonal phase together with computationally efficient GGA‐1/2 method greatly facilitates the ab initio simulation of Ta2O5‐based devices. As an example, the Ohmic contact nature between metal Ta and Ta2O5 by calculating an interface model of b.c.c. Ta and tetragonal γ‐Ta2O5, using GGA‐1/2 has been explicitly shown.
An All‐Inorganic Colloidal Nanocrystal Flexible Polarizer
Authors: Zhang Simin , Shi Wenxiong , Siegler Timothy D. , Gao Xiaoqing , Ge Feng , Korgel Brian A. , He Yan , Li Shuzhou , Wang Xun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInorganic single crystals with anisotropic structures usually suffer from high brittleness and stiffness. Flexible polymers are used to replace inorganic crystals, but the hot‐stretching‐induced orientation process is tedious, and oriented molecular chains tend to revert to random coils during aging. To overcome these obstacles and using the similarities between sub‐1 nm nanowires (NWs) and linear polymers, we successfully fabricated anisotropic, transparent, flexible, and stable (ATFS) NW films with great potential for optical applications through a wet‐spinning method. The NW films show birefringence, and their birefractive index is higher than that of many polymers. They also showed polarized absorption of UV light and anisotropic scattering of visible light. The integrated films composed of NWs and quantum dots showed good fluorescence polarization. The tedious synthesis of quantum rods and fabrication of oriented polymer films can thus be avoided.
Quantum dots‐based chemiluminescence probes: an overview
Authors: Song Hongjie , Su Yingying , Zhang Lichun , Lv Yi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis mini‐review describes the recent developments in quantum dots‐based nanoprobes in liquid‐phase chemiluminescence (CL) analysis. In the referenced reports, multiple quantum dots (QDs) were adopted as final emission species either after direct oxidation reactions (direct CL) or after chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (indirect CL). This review does not include papers in which QDs have been used as enhancers, catalysts, carriers or quenchers in chemiluminescence systems. A brief overview on the CL mechanisms of various QDs‐based nanoprobes and their analytical applications over the last decade is given, followed by comments on the future challenges and prospects in this field.
Radiation dose measurements in a dental orthopantogram unit using indigenously developed optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters
Authors: Kumar Pradip , Dutt Sharma Sunil , Chandola Rakesh Mohan , Mishra Devesh Ramdhar , Dhabekar Bhushan , Rawat Narender Singh , Kadam Sonal , Agrawal Sadhana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDental orthopantogram (OPG)/cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners are gaining popularity due to their 3D imaging with multiplanar view that provides clinical benefits over conventional dental radiography systems. Dental OPG/CBCT provides optimal visualization of adjacent overlaying anatomical structures that will be superpositioned in any single projection. The characteristics of indigenously developed optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters, namely, aluminium oxide doped with carbon (Al2O3:C), lithium magnesium phosphate doped with terbium and boron (LiMgPO4:Tb,B) and lithium calcium aluminium fluoride doped with europium and yttrium (LiCaAlF6:Eu,Y) were evaluated for their use in dental dosimetry. The dose−response of these dosimeters was studied at X‐ray energies 60 kV, 70 kV and 81 kV. Radiation doses were also measured using Gafchromic film for comparison. Radiation dose was measured at eight different locations of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) head phantom including eyes. The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity of LiMgPO4:Tb,B is about 1.5 times and LiCaAlF6:Eu, is about 20 times higher than the sensitivity of Al2O3:C. It was found that measured radiation doses by the three optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) and Gafchromic film in the occipital region (back side) of a PMMA phantom, were consistent but variations in dose at other locations were significantly higher. The three OSLDs used in this study were found to be suitable for radiation dose measurement in dental units.
Comparative analysis of the methods used for finding surface energy to investigate protein interaction behavior on chromatographic supports
Authors: Aasim Muhammad , Khan Muhammad H. , Rahman Inam U. , Bibi Noor Shad , Ali Waqar , Khan Nadir Z. , Khan Abid A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrophobic interaction chromatography, an important and effective purification strategy, is generally used for the purification of variety of biomolecules. A basic understanding of the protein interaction behavior is required to effectively separate these biomolecules. A colloidal type extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek calculations were utilized to study the interactions behavior of model proteins to commercially available hydrophobic chromatographic materials that is, Toyopearl Phenyl 650C and Toyopearl Butyl 650C. Physicochemical properties of selected model proteins were achieved by contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The contact angle of chromatographic materials used was achieved through sessile drop method on disrupted beads and capillary penetration method (CPM) on intact beads. The surface properties were further used to calculate the interactions of the proteins to chromatographic supports. The calculated secondary energy minimum of the proteins with the chromatographic materials (from the contact angle values determined through both methods can be correlated with the retention volumes from the real chromatography. The secondary energy minimum values are higher for each protein to the chromatographic materials calculated from the inputs derived through sessile drop method compared to CPM. For instance, immunoglobulin G has secondary energy minimum value of 0.17 kT compared to 0.11 kT, obtained through sessile drop method and CPM, respectively. Average relative values of the energy minimum calculated for all proteins are as 1.51 kT and 1.29 kT for Toyopearl Butyl 650C and Toyopearl Phenyl 650C, respectively, as a conversion factor for estimation of secondary energy minimum for both methods.
Targeted silencing of MYCL1 by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of MGC‐803 gastric cancer cells
Authors: Qin Pan , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Feng , Huang Yanmei , Chen Shuqin 
Published: April 2019

MYCL1 protein expression encoded by a proto‐oncogene MYCL1, a member of the MYC family, is correlated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Nevertheless, the role of MYCL1 in gastric cancer cells remains unknown. In this study, the expression levels of MYCL1 mRNA and protein were downregulated by lentiviral‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) in the MGC‐803 gastric cancer cell line. Then, the influence of MYCL1 on the biological behaviour of gastric cancer cells was investigated. Finally, a stable animal model of the MGC‐803 human gastric cancer tumour model in nude mice was made successfully. Functionally, silencing of MYCL1 inhibited migration and invasion of the MGC‐803 line in vitro and was accompanied with some ultrastructural changes. These results provide some evidences that lentiviral‐mediated MYCL1 silencing may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.Significance of the studyGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in China. Our previous study revealed that expression of MYCL1 in gastric cancer tissue was associated with poor prognosis of patients. However, the potential underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the current study, we displayed the influence of MYCL1 gene on invasion and migration phenotype of gastric cancer cells and provided a possible explanation from the aspect of structural alteration. Our results suggested that downregulation of MYCL1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
Safety gaps in medical team communication: Results of quality improvement efforts in a cardiac catheterization laboratory
Authors: Doorey Andrew J. , Turi Zoltan G. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Mendoza Erika G. , Garratt Kirk N. , Weintraub William S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess closed‐loop communications (readback), a fundamental aspect of effective communication, among cardiovascular teams and assess improvement efforts.BackgroundEffective communication within teams is essential to assure safety and optimal outcomes. Readback of verbal physician orders is a hospital and national requirement.MethodsSingle‐center observational study, where the readback responses to physician verbal orders in the catheterization laboratory were characterized over three distinct time intervals from 2015 to 2017. Performance feedback and focused education on the value of readbacks was provided to the teams in two waves, with subsequent remeasurement. Responses to verbal orders were characterized as complete (all important parameters of the order repeated for verification), partial, acknowledgement only, or no response. Changes in readback performance after quality interventions were assessed.ResultsDuring the first‐observational period of 101 cases, complete readback occurred in 195 of 515 (38%) medication orders and 136 of 235 (58%) equipment orders. After initial quality improvement efforts, 102 cases were observed. In these, 298 of 480 (62%) medication orders had complete readback, and 210 of 420 (50%) equipment orders had complete readback. After additional quality improvement efforts, 168 cases were observed. In these, 506 of 723 (70%) medication orders had complete readback, and 630 of 1,061 (59%) equipment orders had complete readback. Overall, medication order readback improved over time (correlation = 0.26 [−0.30, −0.21]; p < 0.001), but equipment order readback did not (correlation = 0.02 [−0.07, 0.03]; p = 0.44).ConclusionsClosed‐loop communication of physician verbal orders was used infrequently in this medical team setting and proved difficult to fully improve. This is an important safety gap.
Trifluoromethylation and Monofluoroalkenylation of Alkenes through Radical–Radical Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Wang Qiang , Qu Yi , Tian Hao , Liu Yuxiu , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first visible‐light‐induced trifluoromethylation and monofluoroalkenylation of simple alkenes via a challenging radical–radical cross‐coupling step was achieved. This method provided a mild, step‐economical and redox‐neutral route to privileged two different fluorinated difunctionalized allyl compounds. The utility of this method is illustrated by late‐stage modification of medically important molecules.
Workflow scheduling using Jaya algorithm in cloud
Authors: Gupta Swati , Agarwal Isha , Singh Ravi Shankar 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCloud computing is an on‐demand service that can be accessed by a user according to his requirements through the Internet. Multiple users can request any amount of services, so scheduling of those services is a crucial task in cloud computing. Scheduling is a way of assigning the work to a computer resource. We have multiple tasks at a time that are waiting to be allotted to multiple computer resources. Various optimization algorithms have been used to do task scheduling so that total execution cost is minimized. In this paper, we have implemented Jaya optimization algorithm for workflow scheduling and have compared it with four nature‐inspired algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), honey bee, and cat swarm optimization (CSO), keeping the fitness function same for all of them using CloudSim. Previously, work has been done on PSO, GA, ACO, honey bee, and CSO using different criteria. The results are compared on the basis of execution cost and makespan of the algorithm on both an independent set of tasks and a set of tasks that follow a workflow schedule. Benchmark functions such as Montage, CyberShake, Inspiral, and Sipht are used for workflow scheduling. It has been observed that Jaya outperforms the other algorithms as it produces similar results in the least amount of time as it converges very quickly.
Small Structural Changes in the Alkyl Substituents of Macrocyclic π‐Extended Thiophene Oligomers Causes a Key Effect on Their Stacking and Functional Properties
Authors: Fujiwara Toshihiro , Takashika Masataka , Hasegawa Masashi , Ie Yutaka , Aso Yoshio , Aoyagi Shinobu , Otani Hiroyuki , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThree new macrocyclic π‐extended thiophene hexamers composed of four thienylene‐ethynylene and two thienylene‐vinylene units with or without four alkyl substituents have been synthesized. Despite similar shape‐persistent structures in solution, the alkyl substituents control the solid‐state structures and morphologies. The unsubstituted hexamer exhibited a planar conformation with a theoretically predicted structure in the solid state; however, the planar hexamer with four ethyl substituents formed a closely stacked columnar crystal structure to exhibit π‐π interactions. Interestingly, the hexamer with four butyl substituents adopted both planar and twisted conformations in the solid state, exhibiting polymorphism based on induced‐fit stacking of molecules. Thus, the butyl‐substituted hexamer produces a mixture of yellow, orange, and red single crystals from toluene/acetone, and X‐ray analysis revealed six different conformations. Consequently, the small structural difference in the macrocycles causes a key effect on their functional properties in the solid state, and their morphology governs electrical conductivity and organic field‐effect‐transistor activity. The polymorphism of the hexamers was applied to the switching of film morphology.
Bit error probability of the M‐QAM scheme under η‐μ fading and impulsive noise in a communication system using spatial diversity
Authors: Silva Hugerles S. , Alencar Marcelo S. , Queiroz Wamberto J. L. , Almeida Danilo B. T. , Madeiro Francisco 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a new and exact expression for the bit error probability (BEP) of the square M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) scheme, with the channel under double gated additive white Gaussian noise (G2AWGN) and η‐μ fading in a communication system using the spatial diversity technique. The expression for the BEP is written in terms of the Appell function. The BEP curves are presented under different values of the number of branches of the maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver, order of the constellation M, and parameters that characterize mathematically the channel, corroborated by simulations performed with Monte Carlo method.
Chemical defense of toad tadpoles under risk by four predator species
Authors: Üveges Bálint , Szederkényi Márk , Mahr Katharina , Móricz Ágnes M. , Krüzselyi Dániel , Bókony Veronika , Hoi Herbert , Hettyey Attila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany organisms use inducible defenses as protection against predators. In animals, inducible defenses may manifest as changes in behavior, morphology, physiology, or life history, and prey species can adjust their defensive responses based on the dangerousness of predators. Analogously, prey may also change the composition and quantity of defensive chemicals when they coexist with different predators, but such predator‐induced plasticity in chemical defenses remains elusive in vertebrates. In this study, we investigated whether tadpoles of the common toad (Bufo bufo) adjust their chemical defenses to predation risk in general and specifically to the presence of different predator species; furthermore, we assessed the adaptive value of the induced defense. We reared tadpoles in the presence or absence of one of four caged predator species in a mesocosm experiment, analyzed the composition and quantity of their bufadienolide toxins, and exposed them to free‐ranging predators. We found that toad tadpoles did not respond to predation risk by upregulating their bufadienolide synthesis. Fishes and newts consumed only a small percentage of toad tadpoles, suggesting that bufadienolides provided protection against vertebrate predators, irrespective of the rearing environment. Backswimmers consumed toad tadpoles regardless of treatment. Dragonfly larvae were the most voracious predators and consumed more predator‐naïve toad tadpoles than tadpoles raised in the presence of dragonfly cues. These results suggest that tadpoles in our experiment had high enough toxin levels for an effective defense against vertebrate predators even in the absence of predator cues. The lack of predator‐induced phenotypic plasticity in bufadienolide synthesis may be due to local adaptation for constantly high chemical defense against fishes in the study population and/or due to the high density of conspecifics.
Learned helplessness reveals a population at risk for depressive‐like behaviour after myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Bruns Bastian , Schmitz Thomas , Diemert Nathalie , Schwale Chrysovalandis , Werhahn Stefanie Maria , Weyrauther Friederike , Gass Peter , Vogt Miriam Annika , Katus Hugo , Herzog Wolfgang , Backs Johannes , Schultz Jobst‐Hendrik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsMyocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) are risk factors for the development of depression, additionally worsening the quality of life and patient outcome. How HF causes depression and how depression promotes HF remain mechanistically unclear, which is at least partly caused by the difficulty of in vivo modelling of psychosomatic co‐morbidity. We aimed to study the potential sequence of events with respect to different depression aspects upon HF.Methods and resultsMale C57BL6 mice underwent MI, followed by behavioural and echocardiographic characterization. Motility, exploration, and anxiety‐like behaviour were unaffected in mice after MI. We did not observe increased depressive‐like behaviour in the sucrose preference, tail suspension, or Porsolt forced swim test. Mice did not display signs of learned helplessness (LH) when compared to sham. Accordingly, cluster analysis revealed only a slightly higher quota of LH in HF (38%) vs. sham mice (32%). But strikingly, three‐group cluster analysis revealed an additional intermediate subpopulation at risk for LH after HF (29%). Interestingly, this population featured elevated cardiac expression of nr4a1.ConclusionsThe LH paradigm uncovered a subtle predisposition to depressive‐like behaviour after MI, whereas testing for anhedonia and despair was insufficient to show a behavioural shift in mice. Therefore, we suggest an accumulating risk profile and a multiple‐hits hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of co‐morbid depression after MI. Symptoms of LH may present a marker of subclinical depression after MI, the impact of which remains to be investigated. The proposed sequence of behavioural testing enables the mechanistic dissection of cardio‐psychogenic signalling in the future.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag‐Delafossites AgBO2 (B: Al, Ga, In) from a Rapid Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Zwiener Leon , Jones Travis , Wolf Elisabeth Hannah , Girgsdies Frank , Plodinec Milivoj , Klyushin Alexander Yu. , Willinger Elena , Rosowski Frank , Schlögl Robert , Frei Elias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Dr. Elias Frei and co‐workers from the Inorganic Chemistry Department of the Fritz‐Haber‐Institute of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin, and Dr. Frank Rosowski from BasCat/BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. The cover image shows three different hourglasses underlining the importance of the reaction time for the hydrothermal preparation of the metastable delafossites AgBO2 (B: Al, Ga, In).