bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Mohr A , Atif M , Balderas R , Gorochov G , Miyara M 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) expressing the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor (Tregs) are instrumental for the prevention of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the human T regulatory population is highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. Numerous studies conducted in human autoimmune diseases have shown that Treg cells are impaired either in their suppressive function, in number, or both. However, the contribution of the FOXP3+ Treg subpopulations to the development of autoimmunity has not been delineated in detail. Rare genetic disorders that involve deficits in Treg function can be studied to develop a global idea of the impact of partial or complete deficiency in a specific molecular mechanism involved in Treg function. In patients with reduced Treg numbers (but no functional deficiency), the expansion of autologous Treg cells could be a suitable therapeutic approach: either infusion of in-vitro autologous expanded cells, infusion of interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 complex, or both. Treg biology-based therapies may not be suitable in patients with deficits of Treg function, unless their deficit can be corrected in vivo/in vitro. Finally, it is critical to consider the appropriate stage of autoimmune diseases at which administration of Treg cellular therapy can be most effective. We discuss conflicting data regarding whether Treg cells are more effectual at preventing the initiation of autoimmunity, ameliorating disease progression or curing autoimmunity itself.
Clonal highlights: Clonal seborrheic keratoses often demonstrates p16 expression
Authors: Omman Reeba A. , Speiser Jodi , Robinson Shamika , Lapadat Razvan , Mudaliar Kumaran 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAt times, distinguishing Bowen disease (BD) and benign seborrheic keratosis (SK) is histologically challenging, especially when SK shows clonal features (clonal seborrheic keratosis [CSK]). While p16 is often reported as positive in BD and negative in SK, p16 expression in CSK is rarely studied. Here we investigate p16 immunohistochemistry in CSK, SK, and BD.Methodsp16 immunohistochemistry with pattern of expression was noted for 14 CSK, 12 SK, and 18 BD. The degree of inflammation among lesions with respect to p16 expression was also noted.ResultsWhen examining p16 staining in clonal nests of CSK, 57% showed diffuse or patchy/diffuse positivity, 21% showed patchy positivity, and 21% showed clusters of single positive cells. 67% of BD showed diffuse positivity, 11% showed patchy/diffuse positivity, 17% showed patchy positivity, and 6% were negative. 25% of SK showed focal areas of patchy to full thickness positivity, 25% showed moderate number of positive single cells with or without patchy staining, and 50% showed negative/scattered single cell positivity.ConclusionOur findings support that p16 positivity limited to clonal nests in CSK is normal. p16 positivity in clonal nests of CSK in isolation without concurrent atypical histologic features should not be used to support a diagnosis of BD.
Attention and executive functioning in infancy: Links to childhood executive function and reading achievement
Authors: Blankenship Tashauna L. , Slough Madeline A. , Calkins Susan D. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study provides the first analyses connecting individual differences in infant attention to reading achievement through the development of executive functioning (EF) in infancy and early childhood. Five‐month‐old infants observed a video, and peak look duration and shift rate were video coded and assessed. At 10 months, as well as 3, 4, and 6 years, children completed age‐appropriate EF tasks (A‐not‐B task, hand game, forward digit span, backwards digit span, and number Stroop). Children also completed a standardized reading assessment and a measure of verbal intelligence (IQ) at age 6. Path analyses on 157 participants showed that infant attention had a direct statistical predictive effect on EF at 10 months, with EF showing a continuous pattern of development from 10 months to 6 years. EF and verbal IQ at 6 years had a direct effect on reading achievement. Furthermore, EF at all time points mediated the relation between 5‐month attention and reading achievement. These findings may inform reading interventions by suggesting earlier intervention time points and specific cognitive processes (i.e. 5‐month attention).
Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long‐term drought
Authors: Aguirre‐Gutiérrez Jesús , Oliveras Imma , Rifai Sami , Fauset Sophie , Adu‐Bredu Stephen , Affum‐Baffoe Kofi , Baker Timothy R. , Feldpausch Ted R. , Gvozdevaite Agne , Hubau Wannes , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Lewis Simon L. , Moore Sam , Niinemets Ülo , Peprah Theresa , Phillips Oliver L. , Ziemińska Kasia , Enquist Brian , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimatic changes have profound effects on the distribution of biodiversity, but untangling the links between climatic change and ecosystem functioning is challenging, particularly in high diversity systems such as tropical forests. Tropical forests may also show different responses to a changing climate, with baseline climatic conditions potentially inducing differences in the strength and timing of responses to droughts. Trait‐based approaches provide an opportunity to link functional composition, ecosystem function and environmental changes. We demonstrate the power of such approaches by presenting a novel analysis of long‐term responses of different tropical forest to climatic changes along a rainfall gradient. We explore how key ecosystem's biogeochemical properties have shifted over time as a consequence of multi‐decadal drying. Notably, we find that drier tropical forests have increased their deciduous species abundance and generally changed more functionally than forests growing in wetter conditions, suggesting an enhanced ability to adapt ecologically to a drying environment.
Schizophrenia is a later‐onset feature ofPCDH19Girls Clustering Epilepsy
Authors: Vlaskamp Danique R. M. , Bassett Anne S. , Sullivan Joseph E. , Robblee Jennifer , Sadleir Lynette G. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Andrade Danielle M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of psychosis and serious behavioral problems in females with protocadherin 19 gene (PCDH19) pathogenic variants.MethodsWe evaluated whether psychosis and serious behavioral problems had occurred in 60 females (age 2‐75 years) withPCDH19pathogenic variants belonging to 35 families. Patients were identified from epilepsy genetics databases in Australia, New Zealand, theUnited States,and Canada. Neurologic and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using standard methods.ResultsEight of 60 females (13%) from 7 families developed a psychotic disorder: schizophrenia (6), schizoaffective disorder (1), or an unspecified psychotic disorder (1). Median age at onset of psychotic symptoms was 21 years (range 11‐28 years). In our cohort of 39 females aged 11 years or older, 8 (21%) developed a psychotic disorder. Seven had ongoing seizures at onset of psychosis, with 2 continuing to have seizures when psychosis recurred. Psychotic disorders occurred in the setting of mild (4), moderate (2), or severe (1) intellectual disability, or normal intellect (1). Preexisting behavioral problems occurred in 4 patients, and autism spectrum disorder in 3. Two additional females (3%) had psychotic features with other conditions: an adolescent had recurrent episodes of postictal psychosis, and a 75‐year‐old woman had major depression with psychotic features. A further 3 adolescents (5%) with moderate to severe intellectual disability had onset of severe behavioral disturbance, or significant worsening.SignificanceWe identify that psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, are a later‐onset manifestation ofPCDH19Girls Clustering Epilepsy. Affected girls and women should be carefully monitored for later‐onset psychiatric disorders.
Efficacy of aloe vera mouthwash versus chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Maweri Sadeq A. , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria , Alaizari Nader , Kalakonda Butchibabu , Al‐Shamiri Hashem M. , Alhajj Mohammed N. , Al‐Soneidar Walid A. , Alahmary Ahmed W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe present systematic review assessed the efficacy of aloe vera mouthrinse on plaque and gingival inflammation.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted in February 2018 to identify all relevant studies using the following keywords: aloe vera, gingivitis, gingival inflammation, plaque‐induced gingivitis, periodontal health and plaque control. The eligibility criteria were all randomized clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of aloe vera mouthrinse in comparison to chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsSix randomized clinical trials comprising 1358 subjects were included in this systematic review. All included studies showed that aloe vera was effective in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. Four studies found aloe vera as effective as chlorhexidine in reducing plaque scores, while two studies found chlorhexidine significantly more effective than aloe vera. With regard to gingival inflammation, three studies showed comparable results between aloe vera and chlorhexidine, while one study showed better results with chlorhexidine. Moreover, the results showed that aloe vera had no or very minimal side effects compared to chlorhexidine, which showed significant side effects including stains and altered taste sensation.ConclusionThe available evidence remains inconclusive but suggests that aloe vera mouthwash is comparable to chlorhexidine in reducing gingival inflammation but inferior to chlorhexidine in reducing plaque. These findings are preliminary and further high‐quality studies with adequate sample sizes are highly recommended.
Effect of aqueous‐based mechanical polishing on the nanoindentation response of borosilicate glasses
Authors: Hackett Benjamin L. , Wereszczak Andrew A. , Pharr George M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhen attempting to measure material properties by sampling near‐surface volumes with techniques like nanoindentation, careful consideration of the state of the surface compared to the bulk is paramount for valid characterization. The process of surface planarization of glass in preparation for analysis is no exception. Water's general reactivity with silicate glasses has been well‐established, but under the typical conditions for mechanical polishing, the usual practical assumption is that the potential effects on measured mechanical properties are insignificant due to the short period of glass‐water interaction and the non‐extreme corrosive environment. On the contrary, in this study, it is shown that the act of polishing certain borosilicate glass compositions in an aqueous environment directly affects the nanomechanical response to several micrometers, reducing the measured elastic modulus and hardness by ~20% and ~35%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to confirm the formation of an altered, hydrated surface layer.
Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for alpha thalassaemia screening in a multi‐ethnic population
Authors: Nelson Anna Clare , Motum Penelope Irene , Emeto Theophilus I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe standard screening method for alpha thalassaemia is the examination of HbH preparation. It is labour intensive and poorly standardized. The development of a rapid strip immunochromatographic test (ICT) for haemoglobin Barts offers a fast, user friendly and cost‐effective alternative screening tool.MethodA total of 180 subjects with results of the thalassaemia screen and genetic testing were included. Results of the ICT and HbH preparation were correlated with genetic results to determine the performance characteristics of the tests and the effect of mean sample age on results.ResultsOf 180 subjects, 111 carried alpha thalassaemia mutations and 69 participants had normal genetic results. The ICT had a sensitivity of 63.06% for all alpha gene mutations and 100% for both heterozygous alpha0 and HbH disease, with a specificity of 91.30%. Examination of HbH preparation had a sensitivity of 34.23% overall, detecting 89% of heterozygous alpha0 and 100% of HbH disease with a specificity of 98.55%. Sample age did not affect overall results.ConclusionsThe ICT is a sensitive screening method for significant alpha mutations and detects the majority of homozygous alpha+ and nondeletional mutations. It demonstrates greater correlation with genetic testing than HbH preparation and could replace HbH preparation in the screening algorithm for alpha thalassaemia.
Factors Considered by Interprofessional Team for Treatment Decision in Hip Fracture with Dementia
Authors: Baker Alice C. , Ambrose Catherine G. , Knudson Paula L. , Saraykar Smita S. , Piller Linda B. , McCurdy Sheryl A. , Rianon Nahid J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesPatients with dementia are at high risk for hip fractures and often have poor outcomes when a fracture is sustained. Despite this poor prognosis, little data are available on what factors should be prioritized to guide surgical decision making in these cases. We aimed to understand the decision‐making process for older dementia patients hospitalized after hip fractures.DesignWe performed a qualitative analysis of in‐depth elite interviews conducted with a clinical care team involved in management of patients with dementia after hospitalization for hip fractures.SettingInterviews were conducted with an interprofessional team involved in the care of patients with dementia after being hospitalized for hip fractures.ParticipantsInterviewees included nine orthopaedic surgeons, three hospitalists, three geriatricians, five nurses, three occupational therapists, three physical therapists, and two clinical ethicists.MeasurementsVerbatim transcripts of the interviews were analyzed and coded using QSR International's NVivo 10 qualitative database management software.ResultsThe three main themes that most interviewees discussed were pain control, functional status, and medical comorbidities. Interviewees brought up many factors related to restoring functional status including baseline functional status, rehabilitation potential, social support, and the importance of mobility. Dementia and its impact on rehabilitation potential were mentioned by all geriatricians.ConclusionAlthough frailty, prognosis, and life expectancy were largely absent from the responses, the emphasis on dementia, advanced directives, and involving family or caregivers by the three geriatricians indicates the importance of including geriatricians in the decision‐making team for these patients.
Correlates of Rural, Appalachian, and Community Identity in the CITIES Cohort
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Young Gregory S. , Bernardo Brittany M. , Washington Chasity , DeGraffinreid Cecilia , Fisher James L. , Huerta Timothy R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurpose: To determine correlates of rural, Appalachian, and community identity among a cohort of participants in the Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) project.Methods: Mixed linear and logistic regression effects models were utilized to determine correlates of 3 outcomes: 1) community identity, 2) rural identity, and 3) Appalachian identity among participants in the Ohio CITIES project.Findings: Distinct demographic characteristics were found to be associated with each of the outcomes. For community identity, while no differences were found for rural or urban participants, those who were single or never married (P < .0001) as well as those who graduated from college (P = .0005) reported significantly lower community identity scores than married individuals with less than a college education. Those who resided in an Appalachian county reported higher community identity scores (P = .0009) than non‐Appalachian residents. For rural identity, those who did not identify as Christian (P = .018) as well as those who identified as Democrat (P = .027) reported significantly lower rural identity scores than others. Lastly, for Appalachian identity, county‐level percentage of families in poverty (P = .06), as well as gender (P = .05), were associated with self‐reported Appalachian identity, but these effects were only marginally significant.Conclusions: Although community, rural, and Appalachian identity may be viewed as similar due to their measure of attachment to a place, results from this study suggest that there are distinct individual and area‐level correlates associated with community, rural, and Appalachian identity.
Rural and Urban Differences in the Adoption of New Health Information and Medical Technologies
Authors: Haggstrom David A. , Lee Joy L. , Dickinson Stephanie L. , Kianersi Sina , Roberts Jamie L. , Teal Evgenia , Baker Layla B. , Rawl Susan M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis statewide survey sought to understand the adoption level of new health information and medical technologies, and whether these patterns differed between urban and rural populations.MethodsA random sample of 7,979 people aged 18‐75 years, stratified by rural status and race, who lived in 1 of 34 Indiana counties with high cancer mortality rates and were seen at least once in the past year in a statewide health system were surveyed.ResultsCompleted surveys were returned by 970 participants. Rural patients were less likely than urban to use electronic health record messaging systems (28.3% vs 34.5%,P= .045) or any communication technology (43.0% vs 50.8%,P= .017). Rural patients were less likely to look for personal health information for someone else's medical record (11.0% vs 16.3%,P= .022), look‐up test results (29.5% vs 38.3%,P= .005), or use any form of electronic medical record (EMR) access (57.5% vs 67.1%,P= .003). Rural differences in any use of communication technology or EMRs were no longer significant in adjusted models, while education and income were significantly associated. There was a trend in the higher use of low‐dose computed tomography (CT) scan among rural patients (19.1% vs 14.4%,P= .057). No significant difference was present between rural and urban patients in the use of the human papilloma virus test (27.1% vs 26.6%,P= .880).ConclusionsDifferences in health information technology use between rural and urban populations may be moderated by social determinants. Lower adoption of new health information technologies (HITs) than medical technologies among rural, compared to urban, individuals may be due to lower levels of evidence supporting HITs.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Forner Alejandro , Vidili Gianpaolo , Rengo Marco , Bujanda Luis , Ponz‐Sarvisé Mariano , Lamarca Angela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of tumours, derived from cells of the biliary tree, which represent the second most frequent primary liver tumour. According to the most recent classifications, CCA can be subdivided into intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA) which include perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) CCA. CCA are usually identified at advanced stages, when the primary tumour grows enough to produce a large liver mass or when jaundice has developed because of biliary tree obstruction. The ongoing challenges in the identification of risk factors and definition of a specific population at higher risk of developing CCA are the main challenges for the development of screening programs. Therefore, late diagnosis remains an unresolved issue in CCA. Imaging plays an important role in the detection and characterization of CCA, helping with radiological diagnosis, guiding biopsy procedures and allowing staging of the tumour. This review focuses on clinical presentations and diagnosis and staging techniques of CCA.
Fine‐grained material associated with a large sulfide returned from Comet 81P/Wild 2
Authors: Gainsforth Z. , Westphal A. J. , Butterworth A. L. , Jilly‐Rehak C. E. , Brownlee D. E. , Joswiak D. J. , Ogliore R. C. , Zolensky M. E. , Bechtel H. A. , Ebel D. S. , Huss G. R. , Sandford S. A. , White A. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a consortium analysis of a large particle captured from the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft, we report the discovery of a field of fine‐grained material (FGM) in contact with a large sulfide particle. The FGM was partially located in an embayment in the sulfide. As a consequence, some of the FGM appears to have been protected from damage during hypervelocity capture in aerogel. Some of the FGM particles are indistinguishable in their characteristics from common components of chondritic‐porous interplanetary dust particles, including glass with embedded metals and sulfides and equilibrated aggregates. The sulfide exhibits surprising Ni‐rich lamellae, which may indicate that this particle experienced a long‐duration heating event after its formation but before incorporation into Wild 2.
Postmortem late phase histopathology after pulmonary vein isolation using a cryoballoon: A case report
Authors: Ukita Kohei , Nakamura Hitoshi , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Yasumura Keisuke , Tanaka Akihiro , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Nakamura Daisuke , Yano Masamichi , Yamato Masaki , Egami Yasuyuki , Shutta Ryu , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report the autopsy case of 68‐year‐old woman who received cryoballoon (CB) ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 7 months before death. Both macroscopic and microscopic findings revealed no thrombus formation around pulmonary veins. Previous experimental studies have shown the lower risk of thrombus formation in CB ablation as compared to radiofrequency ablation. Our findings in the human autopsy case may support this merit of CB ablation. To confirm this benefit of CB ablation, further studies regarding histopathology of CB ablation should be performed.
Maximizing biventricular pacing in patients with rate‐controlled atrial fibrillation using ventricular sense response
Authors: Montemezzo Mauricio , AlTurki Ahmed , Essebag Vidal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is challenging because the ventricular rate of conducted AF exceeds the biventricular pacing rate. In the current report, we present a patient who received a CRT device that was programmed to ventricular sense response (VSR) on with VVI 40 beats per minute to allow the AF to be paced as fusion beats. We found that the pacing configuration resulting in the narrowest QRS in this patient was VVI 40 with VSR biventricular fusion pacing during AF. VSR mode allows for CRT delivery without the need to artificially increase heart rate.
Hookworm‐related cutaneous larva migrans of the penis successfully treated with topical ivermectin
Authors: Gelmetti Carlo , Brena Michela , Veraldi Stefano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHookworm‐related cutaneous larva migrans is an infestation of the skin caused by nematodes. Involvement of genitals is extremely rare. We report the case of a child with this infestation on the penis who cleared rapidly with topical ivermectin.