bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation of Cholinesterase Inhibitors Following Initiation of Memantine and Admission to Long-Term Care Among Older Adults
Authors: Lee Yu-Chien , Shi Sandra M. , Sison Stephanie M. , Park Chan Mi , Oh Gahee , Jeong Sohyun , McCarthy Ellen P. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceDiscontinuing cholinesterase inhibitors when initiating memantine in patients with dementia may be reasonable to reduce treatment burden, costs, and the risk of adverse drug events.ObjectiveTo assess the association of cholinesterase inhibitor discontinuation on long-term care institutionalization among older adults with dementia who initiate memantine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study used Medicare claims data from January 2014 to December 2019. Participants included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with dementia. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to August 2024.ExposuresDiscontinuation vs continuation of cholinesterase inhibitor.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was 1-year long-term care institutionalization-free days. Secondary outcomes include all-cause death and adverse drug events over 1 year. We performed subgroup analyses based on age, sex, dementia type (Alzheimer disease vs other), frailty, and dementia severity (mild vs moderate or severe) based on claims-based algorithms. The primary outcome was analyzed using nonparametric restricted mean survival time analysis.ResultsAmong 16 292 beneficiaries who initiated memantine, 1820 (11.2%) discontinued cholinesterase inhibitors. In the propensity score-matched cohort of 3612 beneficiaries, the mean (SD) age was 80.7 (6.7) years, 2261 (62.6%) were female, and 1989 (55.0%) had a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Over 1 year, long-term care institutionalization occurred in 51 of 1806 beneficiaries (2.8%) who discontinued cholinesterase inhibitors (3.4 per 100 person-years) and 62 of 1806 beneficiaries (3.4%) who continued (4.1 per 100 person-years). There was no statistically significant difference in the 1-year mean institutionalization-free days between discontinuation and continuation groups (360.6 [95% CI, 359.3 to 362.0] days vs 359.1 [95% CI, 357.5 to 360.6] days; mean difference, 1.5 [95% CI,−0.5 to 3.6] days). The mean difference in the long-term care institutionalization-free days did not differ by age category, sex, dementia type, frailty, or dementia stage. Individuals who discontinued had a lower rate of fall-related injury (0.9 vs 2.0 per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.47 [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.88]). There was no difference between the discontinuation and continuation groups in all-cause death (10.4 vs 11.6 per 100 person-years; HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.72 to 1.10]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitors upon memantine initiation was not associated with an increased risk of long-term care institutionalization but with a lower risk of fall-related injury among older adults with dementia. These findings offer valuable insights for clinicians aiming to reduce treatment burden in this population.
Response Trajectories and Temporal Trends of Viloxazine Treatment for Young People With ADHD
Authors: Yu Chia-Ling , Kao Yu-Chen , Thompson Trevor , Stubbs Brendon , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yang Fu-Chi , Tu Yu-Kang , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceViloxazine is a novel nonstimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectivesTo investigate the whether viloxazine is associated with effective and acceptable outcomes when treating children and adolescents with ADHD and to evaluate these outcomes’ associations with viloxazine doses and duration of treatment.Data SourcesThe MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were searched from database inception to June 23, 2024.Study SelectionTwo reviewers independently screened for double-blind, fixed-dose randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared viloxazine with placebo for pediatric patients with ADHD.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Data extraction was completed independently by 2 authors and cross-checked for errors. Random-effects pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses were conducted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the improvement of ADHD symptoms (measured by ADHD Rating Scale–5), and the secondary outcomes were all-cause discontinuation, dropout due to adverse effects, and serious adverse effects.ResultsA total of 5 dose-response RCTs were included, with 1560 participants (1011 [64.8%] male; mean [SD] age, 10.6 [6.7] years). Viloxazine was associated with better outcomes in ADHD treatment compared with placebo (mean difference, 5.47 points; 95% CI, 4.03-6.91 points). The dose-response curve was bell-shaped, suggesting that doses greater than 400 mg or greater than 7 mg/kg might not be associated with more efficacy. The temporal trends analysis showed ascent curves tapering off at approximately weeks 4 to 6. The curve for 100 mg/d declined more rapidly, while the curves for 200 mg/d and 400 mg/d declined more gradually. The overall discontinuation rate due to adverse effects was 4.15% in the viloxazine group (45 of 1084), while viloxazine compared with placebo was associated with 2.48-fold higher risk of discontinuation due to adverse effects (risk ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.26-4.88).Conclusions and relevanceIn this meta-analysis, viloxazine was associated with better efficacy in treating children and adolescents with ADHD than placebo. A moderate dose (200-400 mg or 6-8 mg/kg) may provide optimal treatment outcomes. Future studies are warranted to assess the long-term effect of viloxazine. Viloxazine was relatively well tolerated for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Aqu‐Thermoplastics: Recycling Plastics with Water
Authors: Yin Chunchun , Wang Yirong , Wang Jinfeng , You Jingxuan , Wang Xi , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jinming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecycling of real waste plastics with diverse composition is extremely difficult. Herein, an eco‐friendly and easy‐to‐operate strategy is demonstrated to facilitate the recycling of plastic composites and mixtures by using only water. An aqu‐thermoplastic bioplastic (CPp‐TA) is constructed with switchable water solubility and excellent thermoplastic property from natural cellulose. CPp‐TA consisted of the cellulose main chain (C) and two functional groups, internal‐plasticizing group (Pp) and switchable group (TA). It not only has outstanding thermo‐plastic formability, water resistance, and mechanical property to satisfy the daily needs, but also can be easily recycled with water by switching to the water‐soluble state. CPp‐TA can processed into various high‐performance plastic parts, fibers, heat‐sealing packaging, transparent cups, paper‐plastic composites, and aluminum‐plastic composites by conventional thermoplastic processing methods. The obtained CPp‐TA/Al/paper composite exhibits better barrier performance than the famous Tetra Pak with a complex recycling process, and can be easily separated into CPp‐TA, Al foil, and paper by using basic aqueous solution to trigger the water solubility of CPp‐TA. Similarly, CPp‐TA can be effectively separated from plastic mixtures. The recovery yield achieves to 100%. The revolutionary aqu‐thermoplastic materials and water‐recycling strategy markedly reduce the recycling difficulty of intricate plastics and promote the sustainable development.
High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 3D Globally Aromatic Carboranyl Solid Additive
Authors: Wang Hanqiang , Zhong Zhicheng , Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Lee Jin‐Woo , Li Bolin , Xu Changjing , Yang Jie , Sun Huiliang , Kim Bumjoon J. , Liu Bin , Guo Xugang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA key factor in optimizing organic solar cells (OSCs) is the precise control of blend film morphology to enhance exciton dissociation and charge transport. Solid additives play a vital role in this process, with 3D polyhedral or spherical molecules being ideal candidates due to their delocalized π‐orbitals and omnidirectional charge transport. However, the application of classical fullerene derivatives as spherical additives is limited by their synthetic complicacy and poor solubility. Herein, the potential of 3D globally aromatic carboranyl cages as solid additives, specifically 1‐amino‐o‐carborane (CB‐NH2) and 1‐carboxy‐o‐carborane (CB‐COOH), is explored to fine‐tune the film morphology and improve the performance of OSCs. These spherical molecules provide an extensive surface for hydrogen bonding interactions, which serve as the driving force for manipulating the vertical phase separation and active layer crystallinity. Remarkably, CB‐NH2‐processed devices with well‐tuned morphology yield a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.48%, highlighting the effectiveness of 3D carboranyl additives on improving OSC performance. This work challenges the reliance on fullerene derivatives as spherical additives and offers new insights into the mechanisms by which 3D globally aromatic additives can achieve high performance in OSCs, emphasizing the significance of molecular engineering in the development of next‐generation solar cell technology.
Natural Extracellular Matrix Scaffold‐Based Hydrogel Corneal Patch with Temperature and Light‐Responsiveness for Penetrating Keratoplasty and Sutureless Stromal Defect Repair
Authors: Zhao Long , Shi Zhen , Wang Jingting , Dou Shengqian , Sun Xiuli , Yang Shang , Wang Hongwei , Zhou Qingjun , Wang Ting , Shi Weiyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCorneal transplantation remains the gold standard for treating corneal blindness; however, it is hampered globally by donor shortages and the complexity of suture‐dependent procedures. Tissue‐engineered corneas have demonstrated potential as corneal equivalents. Nevertheless, the development of adhesive corneal patches and full‐thickness corneal substitutes remains challenging. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel corneal patch (MHCP) is constructed by integrating a dual‐crosslinked hybrid hydrogel with temperature and light responsiveness with a natural extracellular matrix scaffold. When applied to the ocular surface, MHCP spontaneously releases adhesives at body temperature and forms a stable adhesion with the recipient cornea through photocuring. In addition to its inherent mechanical, optical, and ultrastructural characteristics, which are similar to those of the natural stroma, MHCP demonstrates excellent suture resistance, anti‐swelling, and anti‐degradation properties after curing. MHCP promotes the proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells in vitro and maintains the phenotype of corneal stromal cells. In vivo, MHCP maintains graft hydration and restores corneal structural integrity and transparency during penetrating keratoplasty of various sizes and sutureless lamellar keratoplasty. Collectively, given the advantages of native stroma‐like characteristics, operation‐facilitating multiple functions, and convenient preparation, MHCP is a promising corneal substitute for clinical applications.
Simultaneous Fabrication of P and M Helices in One‐Component Chiral System by Methanol‐Water Mediated Dual Assembly Pathway
Authors: Gao Laiben , Yang Kaikai , Xing Chao , Lin Biyan , Zhao Changli , Dou Xiaoqiu , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synergetic evolution of multiple chiral structures stemmed from same building units is ubiquitous in nature and vital to living systems, but achieving it in artificial systems remains a challenge. Herein, we report a methanol‐water mediated dual assembly pathway strategy for simultaneous construction of P and M helices in one‐component chiral system. The conformation of l‐phenylaniline derivates (LBpyF) is controlled to folded state in CH3OH due to the hydrogen bonds as well as C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between LBpyF and CH3OH. Addition of H2O into above CH3OH solution of LBpyF results in the simultaneous occurrence of two self‐assembly pathways and double networks of P and M helices were therefore formed, due to the synchronous process of 1) self‐assembly of folded LBpyF into M‐helices and 2) H2O induced unfolding of folded LBpyF molecules followed by self‐assembly of them into P‐helices. The bipyridine core, phenyl ring, amide unit all adapted into different stacking modes in M‐helices and P‐helices, and energy analysis indicated that the minority M‐helices were more thermodynamically favored products. This study provides an approach to explore synergetic evolution of multiple chiral structures by manipulating the multiple assembly pathway.
An Expeditious Synthesis of Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Imide‐Based Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Photothermal Properties
Authors: Nandgaye Akash Shamrao , Ghosh Kalpak , Yamijala Sharma S. R. K. C. , Rao Kotagiri Venkata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with low band gap and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption are potential candidates for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. In this context, imide‐based GNRs are promising, but there are no rational design principles that yield these robust GNRs with strong NIR absorption. Here, we demonstrate a rational synthesis route to achieve NIR‐absorbing imide‐based robust GNRs by exploring the bay region of polyperylene (PP). Using the oxidative Diels–Alder reaction, we have successfully introduced mono and diimide functional groups on PP. After cyclodehydrogenation, the resultant GNRs, benzoperylene imide GNR (BPI‐GNR) and coronene diimide GNR (CDI‐GNR), show oscillatory edge geometry with strong NIR absorption (up to 1000 nm) and optical band gap of ~1.3 eV. Computational studies also indicate that imide substituents play an important role in fine‐tuning the optoelectronic properties of GNRs. Moreover, these GNRs are solution‐processable and can be made into thin films via spray coating. Owing to the strong NIR absorption and imide substitutions, BPI and CDI‐GNRs show good photothermal conversion with excellent cyclic stability.
Halogen Radical‐Activated Perovskite‐Substrate Buried Heterointerface for Achieving Hole Transport Layer‐Free Tin‐Based Solar Cells with Efficiencies Surpassing 14 %
Authors: Liu Gengling , Jiang Xianyuan , He Yaorong , Kuan Chun‐Hsiao , Yang Guo , Feng Wenhuai , Chen Xi , Wu Wu‐Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSn‐based perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising environmentally‐friendly photovoltaic materials owing to their low toxicity and exceptional optoelectronic properties. Nonetheless, the low‐cost production and stable operation of Sn‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still largely limited by the costly hole transport materials and the under‐optimized interfaces between hole transport layer (HTL) and Sn perovskite layer. Here, we innovatively developed a chlorine radical chemical bridging (Cl‐RCB) strategy that enabled to remove the HTL and optimize the indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite heterointerface for constructing high‐performance Sn‐based PSCs with simplified structures. The key is to modify the commercially‐purchased ITO electrode with highly active chlorine radicals that could effectively mitigate the surface oxygen vacancies, alter the chemical constitutions, and favorably down‐shifted the work function of ITO surface to be close to the valence band of perovskites. As a result, the interfacial energy barrier has been largely reduced by 0.20 eV and the interfacial carrier dynamics have been optimized at the ITO/perovskite heterointerface. Encouragingly, the efficiency of HTL‐free Sn‐based PSCs has been enhanced from 6.79 % to 14.20 %, which is on par with the state‐of‐the‐art conventional HTL‐containing counterparts (normally >14 % efficiency) and representing the record performance for the Sn perovskite photovoltaics in the absence of HTL. Notably, the target device exhibited enhanced stability for up to 2000 h. The Cl‐RCB strategy is also versatile to be used in Pb‐based and mixed Sn−Pb HTL‐free PSCs, achieving efficiencies of 22.27 % and 21.13 %, respectively, all representing the advanced device performances for the carrier transport layer‐free PSCs with simplified device architectures.
Safety and Efficacy of Ianalumab in Patients With Sjögren's Disease: 52‐Week Results From a Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase 2b Dose‐Ranging Study
Authors: Dörner Thomas , Bowman Simon J. , Fox Robert , Mariette Xavier , Papas Athena , Grader‐Beck Thomas , Fisher Benjamin A. , Barcelos Filipe , De Vita Salvatore , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Moots Robert J. , Junge Guido , Woznicki Janice , Sopala Monika , Avrameas Alexandre , Luo Wen‐Lin , Hueber Wolfgang 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report 52‐week safety and efficacy of ianalumab from phase 2b dose‐finding study in patients with Sjögren's disease (SjD).MethodsPatients randomly received (1:1:1:1) ianalumab (5, 50, or 300 mg) or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks until week 24 (treatment period [TP]1). At week 24, patients on 300 mg were rerandomized to continue 300 mg or receive placebo until week 52 (TP2), patients on placebo were switched to ianalumab 150 mg, and patients on 5 and 50 mg directly entered posttreatment safety follow‐up. Patients who discontinued treatment early or completed treatment entered safety follow‐up (≥20 weeks).ResultsDuring TP1, 190 patients were randomized (placebo = 49, 5 mg = 47, 50 mg = 47, 300 mg = 47). Of these 190 patients, 90 (47.4 %; 43 continued 300 mg and 47 received placebo) entered TP2, and 81 of 90 (90.0%) completed the study treatment. By week 52, efficacy was sustained in patients who continued 300 mg in TP2 (EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index, patient global assessment, and physician global assessment change from week 24: −1.45, −0.46, −4.69, and −6.86, respectively). Stimulated salivary flow rates and autoantibody levels numerically improved in the 300 mg group. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were not dose‐dependent, except for injection‐site reactions. Cases of decreased neutrophil counts (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03 grade 3 according to laboratory listings) were observed in three patients during the posttreatment follow‐up, occurring at 3.5, 5.5, and 3 months, after the last ianalumab administration. None were associated with infection except one incidental finding of asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection (IgM‐positive).ConclusionIn patients with SjD, ianalumab 300 mg demonstrated sustained efficacy through week 52 and a favorable safety profile up to two years of follow‐up.
On the input‐output decoupling of Boolean control networks by state feedback
Authors: Li Yiliang , Lyu Hongli , Feng Jun‐e , Tayebi Abdelhamid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a new state feedback‐based input‐output‐decoupling approach for Boolean control networks. A constructive necessary and sufficient condition, based on some appropriately constructed input‐output‐decoupling matrices, is established for the design of the input‐output‐decoupling state feedback gain. The proposed approach does not rely on the restrictive assumption of the existence of the input‐output decomposed form which is instrumental in the very few existing state‐feedback‐based input‐output‐decoupling approaches in the literature. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Comprehensive Insight Into Primary Intimal Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery; From Diagnosis to Management: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Najdaghi Soroush , Mohseni Salehi Maryam , Meshgi Shahla , Hosseini Jebelli Seyedeh Fatemeh , Yalameh Aliabadi Azam , Hakimian Hoda , Forati Sara , Safavirad Amineh , Narimani Davani Delaram 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrimary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is a rare and aggressive malignancy that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its nonspecific symptoms and propensity for late detection. This case report aimed to elucidate the diagnostic journey, surgical intervention, and multidisciplinary management of this rare entity. In September 2023, a 42‐year‐old male presented with dyspnea on exertion and retrosternal chest pain, classified as NYHA FC II. Initial investigations, including ECG and lab tests, indicated tachycardia and elevated troponin and NT‐pro‐BNP levels. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography identified a multilobulated mass in the right ventricular outflow tract and main pulmonary artery. Cardiac MRI and CT angiography confirmed a high‐grade pleomorphic spindle cell tumor, leading to surgical resection in October 2023. Histopathology confirmed intimal sarcoma. Postsurgery, the patient underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, showing significant clinical improvement and no recurrence on follow‐up PET‐CT. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and managing primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery, emphasizing the role of advanced imaging, timely surgical intervention, and combined chemotherapy with radiotherapy in improving patient outcomes.
Whole Lung Lavage in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: Unique Challenges in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: Dhungana Ashesh , Lamichhane Buddhi Sagar , Shrestha Prajowl , Shrestha Deepa Kumari , Oli Ritamvara , Dhungana Shreya , Bista Pratibha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by antibodies to granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), alveolar macrophage dysfunction, and surfactant accumulation. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the treatment of choice in patients with PAP and severe hypoxemia. In resource‐limited settings, WLL can be performed in the intubated, anesthetized patient who is being one lung ventilated using a Y‐type bladder irrigation catheter for saline instillation and drainage.
GPU Acceleration of the Boys Function Evaluation in Computational Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Tsuji Satoki , Ito Yasuaki , Nakano Koji , Kasagi Akihiko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe Boys function, a mathematical integral function, plays a pivotal role and is frequently evaluated in ab initio molecular orbital computations. The main contribution of this paper is to accelerate the bulk evaluation of the Boys function through the effective utilization of GPUs. The proposed GPU implementation addresses GPU‐specific programming issues such as warp divergence and coalesced/stride access to global memory, and we employ the optimal numerical evaluation method from four methods based on input values to ensure efficient computation with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, to consider actual computation of molecular integrals, we have implemented and evaluated the proposed method in two scenarios: single evaluation, which computes a single value of the Boys function for a single input, and incremental evaluation, which computes multiple values of the Boys function incrementally. The execution time of the proposed GPU implementation was evaluated for both scenarios using an NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU. As a result, the GPU‐accelerated bulk evaluation has achieved a throughput of computing the values of the Boys function times per second for the single evaluation and times per second for the incremental evaluation, respectively. Our parallelized CPU and GPU implementation is available at
https://github.com/sstsuji/Boys‐function‐GPU‐library.