bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 function in K+ uptake and distribution in maize under low K+ conditions
Authors: Qin Ya‐Juan , Wu Wei‐Hua , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPotassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Transporters from the KT/HAK/KUP family play crucial roles in K+ homeostasis and cell growth in various plant species. However, their physiological roles in maize are still unknown. In this study, we cloned ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 and investigated their functions in maize (Zea mays L.). In situ hybridization showed that ZmHAK5 was mainly expressed in roots, especially in the epidermis, cortex, and vascular bundle. ZmHAK5 was characterized as a high‐affinity K+ transporter. Loss of function of ZmHAK5 led to defective K+ uptake in maize, under low K+ conditions, whereas ZmHAK5‐overexpressing plants showed increased K+ uptake activity and improved growth. ZmHAK1 was upregulated under low K+ stress, as revealed by RT‐qPCR. ZmHAK1 mediated K+ uptake when heterologously expressed in yeast, but its transport activity was weaker than that of ZmHAK5. Overexpression of ZmHAK1 in maize significantly affected K+ distribution in shoots, leading to chlorosis in older leaves. These findings indicate that ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 play distinct roles in K+ homeostasis in maize, functioning in K+ uptake and K+ distribution, respectively. Genetic manipulation of ZmHAK5 may represent a feasible way to improve K+ utilization efficiency in maize.
Influence of canine donor plasma hemostatic protein concentration on quality of cryoprecipitate
Authors: Drinkhouse Macy , Brooks Marjory B. , Stefanovski Darko , Marryott Kimberly , Callan Mary Beth 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundCryoprecipitate (CRYO) is a plasma component containing high concentrations of factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and fibrinogen. Because Greyhounds are reported to have lower plasma VWF and fibrinogen concentrations, their plasma may not yield high potency CRYO.ObjectivesTo determine if plasma hemostatic protein concentration is a good predictor of CRYO potency and if a difference exists in quality of CRYO prepared from Greyhounds versus non‐Greyhounds.AnimalsTwenty Greyhounds and 20 non‐Greyhounds.MethodsA 450 mL unit of blood was collected from each donor, centrifuged to prepare fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and processed to CRYO. Aliquots of FFP and CRYO were analyzed for FVIII, VWF, and fibrinogen content and factor recovery.ResultsA positive correlation was found among donor plasma FVIII, VWF and fibrinogen concentration, and CRYO factor content (P < .001). Mean recovery was highest for VWF (67%), followed by fibrinogen (47%), and FVIII (37%). No breed difference was found in mean CRYO FVIII content, but CRYO VWF and fibrinogen were lower in Greyhounds (P = .004 andP < .001, respectively). No difference was found between Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds for the number of CRYO units meeting human blood banking standards.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFactor concentration in FFP is associated with CRYO potency, suggesting that prescreening of blood donors may enhance CRYO quality. Despite lower VWF and fibrinogen content, CRYO prepared from Greyhounds is acceptable based on blood banking standards for humans, indicating that Greyhound FFP does not need to be excluded from CRYO production.
Tinea faciei starting at day two of life
Authors: Alkeswani Amena , Duncan James Robert , Theos Amy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDermatophyte infections are exceedingly rare in neonates, possibly due to the thin stratum corneum and high sebum content of neonatal skin. Only a handful of cases of tinea faciei have been reported in neonates, with the majority of reports occuring in India. Here, we report what to our knowledge is the earliest reported presentation of tinea faciei in the United States. We also provide a brief literature review of other reported cases of tinea faciei in neonates less than 30 days of age.
Association of group‐specific component exon 11 polymorphisms with bronchial asthma in children and adolescents
Authors: Fawzy Manal S. , Elgazzaz Mona G. , Ibrahim Ahmed , Hussein Mohammad H. , Khashana Moataz S. , Toraih Eman A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the association of Group‐specific Component (GC) gene, also known as vitamin D‐binding protein (VDBP), and various respiratory disorder susceptibility with conflicting results. In this sense, we aimed to investigate whether rs7041 and rs4588 variants confer susceptibility to bronchial asthma in a sample of an Egyptian population and to elucidate by in silico analysis the structural and functional impact of these variants. Group‐specific Component polymorphisms rs7041 and rs4588 were genotyped in 192 Egyptian children and adolescents (96 with asthma and 96 healthy controls) by TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay. The rs7041 GG genotype showed a significantly elevated frequency among patients under codominant, dominant, recessive and allelic models where the patient group had greater carriage rate of G allele [OR 2.15, CI 95% (1.32‐3.50; P = 0.002)], while rs4588 CA and AA genotypes were found to be protective genotypes with controls showing a greater carriage rate of A allele [OR 0.52, CI 95% (0.30 ‐ 0.90; P = 0.02)]. Three haplotype allele combinations were identified with frequencies of GC (44.3%), TC (31.3%) and TA (24.5%) in the total study population. GC haplotype was shown to be more frequent in controls, while TC and TA haplotypes were more predominant in the patient group. Only rs7041 variant showed a significant association with family history and pubertal status. In conclusion, both study GC variants could be implicated in childhood bronchial asthma pathogenesis; rs7041 GG genotype and G allele increased asthma risk while rs4588 AA genotype and A allele conferred protection in the study population.
Comparability of published cut‐points for the assessment of physical activity: Implications for data harmonization
Authors: Migueles Jairo H. , Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Tudor‐Locke Catrine , Löf Marie , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Molina‐Garcia Pablo , Mora‐Gonzalez Jose , Rodriguez‐Ayllon Maria , Garcia‐Marmol Eduardo , Ekelund Ulf , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to compare estimations of sedentary time (SED) and time spent in physical activity (PA) intensities in children with overweight/obesity across different age‐appropriate cut‐points based on different body‐worn attachment sites and acceleration metrics. A total of 104 overweight/obese children (10.1 ± 1.1 years old, 43 girls) concurrently wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on their right hip and non‐dominant wrist for 7 days (24 hours). Euclidean norm −1 g (ENMO) and activity counts from both vertical axis (VACounts) and vector magnitude (VMCounts) were derived. We calculated estimates of SED and light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate‐to‐vigorous (MVPA) intensity PA using different published cut‐points for children. The prevalence of children meeting the recommended 60 min/d of MVPA was calculated. The time spent in SED and the different PA intensities largely differed across cut‐points based on different attachment sites and acceleration metrics (ie, SED = 11‐252 min/d; light PA = 10‐217 min/d; moderate PA = 1‐48 min/d; vigorous PA = 1‐35 min/d; MVPA = 4‐66 min/d). Consequently, the prevalence of children meeting the recommended 60 min/d of MVPA varied from 8% to 96% of the study sample. The present study provides a comprehensive comparison between available cut‐points for different attachment and acceleration metrics in children. Furthermore, our data clearly show that it is not possible (and probably will never be) to know the prevalence of meeting the PA guidelines based on accelerometer data since apparent differences range from almost zero to nearly everyone meeting the guidelines.
An Early Cretaceous slab window beneath central Tibet, SW China: Evidence from OIB‐like alkaline gabbros in the Duolong area
Authors: Wu Hao , Sun Shulin , Liu Haiyong , Chu Hao , Ding Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe geodynamic mechanism of the late Early Cretaceous magmatic flare‐up in the collisional zone between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes in Tibet is controversial because of a scarcity of robust evidence. To address this problem, we report geochronological, geochemical and Hf isotopic data for the newly discovered Gufeng gabbros from the Duolong Cu–Au mineral district of the western Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ). The gabbro samples, dated at 126.3 ± 1.8 Ma, show geochemical similarities to typical ocean island basalt (OIB) and have positive εHf(t) values of +3.3 to +6.9. The gabbros were generated by decompression melting of deep upwelling asthenosphere. This event is best explained by slab break‐off and the resultant development of a slab window beneath central Tibet.
Exchange rate policies in Asia in an era of financial globalisation: An empirical assessment
Authors: Cavoli Tony , Gopalan Sasidaran , Rajan Ramkishen S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEbbs and flows of capital have complicated macroeconomic policy management for all emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) regardless of whether they have adopted flexible or managed exchange rate regimes. In the light of the renewed interest in the trilemma versus dilemma debate, we contribute to the related literature by presenting an empirical analysis of exchange rate flexibility and intervention for selected Asian EMDEs over the time period 2001–2016. In addition to estimating augmented Frankel–Wei regressions, we employ a generalised auto‐regressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model to assess the extent of foreign exchange (FX) intervention and whether there exist any asymmetries in the way countries intervene. Our results show that although there is greater flexibility in exchange rates, there is evidence of some countries potentially using FX intervention to manage currency movements. We also find evidence of asymmetry in intervention where exchange rate volatility responds more emphatically to FX sales than purchases.
Empirical measurement of pressure in negative pressure wound therapy for infected wounds: How long can it really stay under pressure?
Authors: Cozza Valerio , Pascale Marco M. , Pepe Gilda , Panzera Rocco , Magalini Sabina , Gui Daniele 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSurgical site infections represent one of the most common surgical complications. Negative pressure wound therapy is considered an effective wound management system, based on the principle that a negative pressure inside the wound can suction fluids and approximate wound edges. With the negative pressure wound therapy systems commercially available it is assumed that the pressure inside the wound is stable at the set values. We conducted a prospective experimental study to investigate this. The negative pressure level achieved inside the dressing was investigated at a standard distance from the pad of suction and at specific times in patients with surgical site infections. Pressure measurements were performed in 28 dressings in 14 patients admitted to the Emergency Surgery Department between April 2016 and June 2017. In general, the machine was set at a pressure of −100 mmHg. Negative pressure was measured with a portable pressure reader in the dressing sponge at a distance of 0, 1.5, and 3 cm from the suction pad at the time of dressing change at 24 and 48 hours. The data suggest that there is a significant decrease in negative pressure at both 1.5 and 3 cm from the suction pad at 48 hours from the dressing change (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). This preliminary study shows with statistical significance that the pressure inside the sponge of a negative pressure wound therapy system decreases after 48 hours, confirming that the pressure inside the system is not the same as the pressure reported by the machine and, instead of being stable, changes overtime.
Within-Person Dynamics of Older Adults’ Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sit-to-Stand Transitions
Authors: Maher Jaclyn P. , Conroy David E. 
Published: December 2018

This study evaluated how older adults’ daily physical activity covaries with naturally occurring variation in both the duration and patterning of daily sedentary behavior. Older adults (n = 95) wore activPAL3 monitors for 15 consecutive days. Multilevel modeling regressed daily step counts on the frequency of sit-to-stand transitions and the duration of sedentary behavior. At the person-level, older adults who sat less (b = −14.31, p < .001) and stood up more frequently (b = 41.08, p = .01) took more steps on average. At the within-person level, older adults took more steps on days when they sat less than usual (b = −8.29, p < .001) and stood up more frequently than usual (b = 52.75, p < .001). Older adults’ daily physical activity may be influenced by interrupting sedentary behavior more frequently as well as reducing total sedentary behavior. It may be easier to monitor the frequency of discrete behaviors, like standing up, than it is to monitor the duration of continuous behaviors (e.g., walking, sitting).
Association of occupational exposures with cardiovascular disease among US Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Bulka Catherine M , Daviglus Martha L , Persky Victoria W , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon A , Lash James P , Elfassy Tali , Lee David J , Ramos Alberto R , Tarraf Wassim , Argos Maria 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. The role of occupational exposures to chemicals in the development of CVD has rarely been studied even though many agents possess cardiotoxic properties. We therefore evaluated associations of self-reported exposures to organic solvents, metals and pesticides in relation to CVD prevalence among diverse Hispanic/Latino workers.MethodsCross-sectional data from 7404 employed individuals, aged 18–74 years, enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) were analysed. Participants from four US cities provided questionnaire data and underwent clinical examinations, including ECGs. CVD was defined as the presence of at least one of the following: coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure or cerebrovascular disease. Prevalence ratios reflecting the relationship between each occupational exposure and CVD as well as CVD subtypes were calculated using Poisson regression models.ResultsHispanic/Latino workers reported exposures to organic solvents (6.5%), metals (8.5%) and pesticides (4.7%) at their current jobs. Overall, 6.1% of participants had some form of CVD, with coronary heart disease as the most common (4.3%) followed by cerebrovascular disease (1.0%), heart failure (0.8%) and atrial fibrillation (0.7%). For individuals who reported working with pesticides, the prevalence ratios for any CVD were 2.18 (95% CI 1.34 to 3.55), coronary heart disease 2.20 (95% CI 1.31 to 3.71), cerebrovascular disease 1.38 (95% CI 0.62 3.03), heart failure 0.91 (95% CI 0.23 to 3.54) and atrial fibrillation 5.92 (95% CI 1.89 to 18.61) after adjustment for sociodemographic, acculturation, lifestyle and occupational characteristics. Metal exposures were associated with an almost fourfold (3.78, 95% CI 1.24 to 11.46) greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Null associations were observed for organic solvent exposures.ConclusionsOur results suggest that working with metals and pesticides could be risk factors for CVD among Hispanic/Latino workers. Further work is needed to evaluate these relationships prospectively.
The shape of Fe Kα line emitted from relativistic accretion disc around AGN black holes
Authors: Milošević Milan , Pursiainen Miika A. , Jovanović Predrag , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: December 2018

The relativistically broadened Fe K[Formula: see text] line, originating from the accretion disc in a vicinity of a super massive black hole, is observed in only less than 50% of type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). In this study, we investigate could this lack of detections be explained by the effects of certain parameters of the accretion disc and black hole, such as the inclination, the inner and outer radius of disc and emissivity index. In order to determine how these parameters affect the Fe K[Formula: see text] line shape, we simulated about 60,000 Fe K[Formula: see text] line profiles emitted from the relativistic disc. Based on simulated line profiles, we conclude that the lack of the Fe K[Formula: see text] line detection in type 1 AGN could be caused by the specific emitting disc parameters, but also by the limits in the spectral resolution and sensitivity of the X-ray detectors.
Analysis of Mode-I crack growth arresting mechanism in curved laminated joint
Authors: Jeevan Kumar N. 
Published: December 2018

The critical damage for carbon fiber structures, which are being employed in aircraft structures, is known as delamination/crack. Fasteners are commonly installed to arrest the delamination by clamping the laminate together. Fasteners are installed in each corner of the delaminated zone to provide significant arrest capability, shifting the failure mode away from delamination under most conditions. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model is constructed to study the effectiveness of the fastener as crack arrest mechanism. The FEA results show that the fastener provides significant crack retardation capability in Mode-I condition. An analytical model is developed for the delamination embedded between the skin and stiffener interface of the joint. The fasteners are modeled with spring elements. The analysis is solved with Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) approach. The primary objective of the current research work is to enhance the safety of bonded joint by providing arrest mechanisms.
FDA Approval Summary: (Daunorubicin and Cytarabine) Liposome for Injection for the Treatment of Adults with High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Krauss Aviva C. , Gao Xin , Li Liang , Manning Michael L. , Patel Paresma , Fu Wentao , Janoria Kumar G. , Gieser Gerlie , Bateman David A. , Przepiorka Donna , Shen Yuan Li , Shord Stacy S. , Sheth Christopher M. , Banerjee Anamitro , Liu Jiang , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Farrell Ann T. , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
On August 3, 2017, the FDA granted regular approval to Vyxeos (also known as CPX-351; Jazz Pharmaceuticals), a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a fixed combination, for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). Approval was based on data from Study CLTR0310-301, a randomized, multicenter, open-label, active-controlled trial comparing Vyxeos with a standard combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (“7+3”) in 309 patients 60–75 years of age with newly diagnosed t-AML or AML-MRC. Because of elemental copper concerns with the Vyxeos formulation, patients with Wilson disease were excluded from the study. Vyxeos demonstrated an improvement in overall survival (HR 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.90; P = 0.005) with an estimated median overall survival of 9.6 months compared with 5.9 months for the “7+3” control arm. The toxicity profile of Vyxeos was similar to that seen with standard “7+3” with the exception of more prolonged neutropenia and thrombocytopenia on the Vyxeos arm. Because the pharmacology of Vyxeos differs from that of other formulations of daunorubicin and cytarabine, labeling includes a warning against interchanging formulations during treatment. This is the first FDA-approved treatment specifically for patients with t-AML or AML-MRC.
Modulation of Arctic Sea Ice Loss by Atmospheric Teleconnections from Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Castruccio Frederic S. , Ruprich-Robert Yohan , Yeager Stephen G. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Msadek Rym , Delworth Thomas L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Observed September Arctic sea ice has declined sharply over the satellite era. While most climate models forced by observed external forcing simulate a decline, few show trends matching the observations, suggesting either model deficiencies or significant contributions from internal variability. Using a set of perturbed climate model experiments, we provide evidence that atmospheric teleconnections associated with the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) can drive low-frequency Arctic sea ice fluctuations. Even without AMV-related changes in ocean heat transport, AMV-like surface temperature anomalies lead to adjustments in atmospheric circulation patterns that produce similar Arctic sea ice changes in three different climate models. Positive AMV anomalies induce a decrease in the frequency of winter polar anticyclones, which is reflected both in the sea level pressure as a weakening of the Beaufort Sea high and in the surface temperature as warm anomalies in response to increased low-cloud cover. Positive AMV anomalies are also shown to favor an increased prevalence of an Arctic dipole–like sea level pressure pattern in late winter/early spring. The resulting anomalous winds drive anomalous ice motions (dynamic effect). Combined with the reduced winter sea ice formation (thermodynamic effect), the Arctic sea ice becomes thinner, younger, and more prone to melt in summer. Following a phase shift to positive AMV, the resulting atmospheric teleconnections can lead to a decadal ice thinning trend in the Arctic Ocean on the order of 8%–16% of the reconstructed long-term trend, and a decadal trend (decline) in September Arctic sea ice area of up to 21% of the observed long-term trend.
Engaging the African American Church to Improve Communication About Palliative Care and Hospice: Lessons From a Multilevel Approach
Authors: Johnson Jerry , Hayden Tara , Taylor Lynne Allen , Gilbert Arthur , Jones Cedric Hughes , Mitchell Marshall Paul Hughes , Curtis Brenda 
Published: December 2018

Background: As the spiritual family for many African Americans, the church presents an opportunity to improve communication about palliative care and hospice (PCH). However, sustainable change in church-based, practices related to PCH requires a compreshensive, multilevel approach. Objectives: Our primary goal was to encourage churches to embrace palliative care and hospice as acceptable alternatives for end-of-life care by creating venues to improve communications about PCH. This paper compares our experience in 5 churches, revealing lessons learned and the challenges of engaging, implementing, and maintaining a multilevel approach in the churches, and our strategies in response to those challenges. Design: Descriptive study Settings/Subjects: We partnered with 5 African American Churches in the Philadelphia Region. We targeted pastors, other church leaders, and congregants. Methods: We created 1) a leadership-education program, 2) an intensive training program for church-based lay companions (health visitors), and 3) messages and materials to increase knowledge and influence attitudes about PCH. Results: We impacted church structures and policies as shown by: integration of the project activities into existing church structures, new church-based programs dedicated to training lay companions and church leaders, new roles for church members (church liaisons) dedicated to this project, and new materials and messages focusing on PCH for the general congregation. Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of engaging the African American church in a comprehensive, multilevel process designed to improve communication about palliative care and hospice (PCH). Our success demonstrates the potential of the African American church as a community resource for lay education about PCH.