bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Differences Between Thymic and Lymph Node Small Lymphocytes of Mice: Nucleolar Size and Cytoplasmic Volume
Authors: HEINIGER H. J. , RIEDWYL H. , GIGER H. , SORDAT B. , COTTIER H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ultrastructural differences between small lymphocytes of the thymic cortex and those located in the cortical zone of lymph nodes of mice were examined by electron microscopy and cytometric methods. The particle size analyzer TGZ 3 (Zeiss) was used to measure the size-frequency distribution of nucleolar cross-section diameters, and the resulting data were computed mathematically and statistically to determine the corresponding mean volumina.
It could be shown that thymic, as compared to lymph node cortical small lymphocytes, (1) have a smaller mean nucleolar volume (0.11µ3 versus 0.46µ3); (2) represent a more uniform population with regard to the frequency distribution of the nucleolar cross section diameters; and (3) are of smaller size due to less cytoplasm, while the mean nuclear volume does not differ significantly from that of small lymphocytes located in the cortex of lymph nodes.
These findings are discussed in relation to qualitative ultrastructural peculiarities and probable differences in the magnitude of RNA turnover as estimated by the use of tritiated cytidine. The possible significance of cytometrically defined populations of small lymphocytes with regard to sensitized and nonsensitized cells is considered.
Studies on Lymphocytes
Authors: SAFIER S. , WAGNER H. P. , COTTIER H. , JANSEN C. R. , RAI KANTI R. , CRONKITE E. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two calves received 48 hours of extracorporeal irradiation of the circulating blood (ECIB) immediately prior to cannulation of the thoracic duct and administration of a single intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine. Lymph samples were then removed at short time intervals during 24 hours and smears from sedimented cells were processed for autoradiography. For different groups of mitotic figures classified according to size, cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio and degree of cytoplasmic basophilia, the variation of the mitotic labeling index (MLI) and of the mean grain count per labeled mitotic figure (MGC/LMF), as a function of time after a single injection of 3H-thymidine, was analyzed. Based on the pooled data obtained from the two animals, it was found that tinctorial properties of the cytoplasm permit differentiation into at least two populations of lymphoid cells in the thoracic duct of the calf: one of more basophilic cells with a mean DNA synthesis time of 4 hours and a mean generation time of 5½ to 6 hours and one or more populations of less basophilic cells with longer DNA synthesis and generation times.
In Vitro Studies of Insulin Inactivation with Reference to Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: STEINKE J. , GRIES F. A. , DRISCOLL S. G. , Grinbush Maija 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It was demonstrated that hemolysed blood and/or crystalline hemoglobin inactivated insulin either by irreversible destruction due to the presence of SH compounds or by reversible binding to hemoglobin. The increased pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia observed in infants with erythroblastosis fetalis may represent a compensatory response to inactivation of circulating insulin.
Protein Synthesis in Human Reticulocytes Induced by Therapy of Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: BURKA EDWARD R. , MARKS PAUL A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The capacity for protein synthesis has been investigated in peripheral blood reticulocytes which appear following initial replacement therapy in megaloblastic anemia. The rate of protein synthesis during the reticulocyte response correlated in general with the reticulocytosis. There appears to be no defect in the synthesis of protein in these cells. Evaluation of ribosome content and activity suggests that the cells appearing during the reticulocyte response are considerably heterogeneous with respect to degree of maturity. Changes observed during the course of the reticulocyte response are similar to those seen in maturing rabbit reticulocytes, suggesting that these cells mature subsequent to their appearance in the peripheral blood.
Hepatic Iron Deposition in Humans
Authors: FAWWAZ R. A. , WINCHELL H. S. , POLLYCOVE M. , SARGENT T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In patients with spontaneous chronic low plasma latent iron-binding capacity, a large fraction of the intestinally absorbed iron is deposited in the liver without prior appearance in the systemic plasma. Such hepatic iron is not released to any large extent during the subsequent 2 weeks.
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that iron absorbed from the intestinal tract is not initially bound to transferrin. When the plasma latent iron-binding capacity is normal, iron binds to transferrin prior to reaching the liver; when the plasma latent iron-binding capacity is low, a portion of the iron reaches the liver either unbound or abnormally bound to transferrin, resulting in its immediate hepatic deposition.
The Effect of Etiocholanolone on Granulocyte Kinetics
Authors: VOGEL JAMES M. , YANKEE RONALD A. , KIMBALL HARRY R. , WOLFF SHELDON M. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of etiocholanolone on granulocyte kinetics in 12 hematologically normal patients has been investigated using the technic of 3H-DFP labeling of autologous blood in vitro.
Baseline determinations of the total blood granulocyte pool (TBGP), the circulating pool (CGP), and the marginated pool (MGP) were performed. The values for the total blood granulocyte pools were similar to those previously reported. Following the administration of etiocholanolone, there was a 98 per cent increase in the TBGP, which was considered to be due to mobilization of granulocytes from the bone marrow reserve. There was no change in the ratio of CGP to MGP.
These studies suggest that etiocholanolone may be a useful agent for the estimation of bone marrow reserve.
Congenital Pernicious Anemia with Coexistent Transitory Intestinal Malabsorption of Vitamin B12
Authors: LAMPKIN BEATRICE C. , MAUER ALVIN M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pernicious anemia with coexistent transitory intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 has been established in adults. In this report a child with congenital pernicious anemia was documented to have had transitory selective intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12. The diagnosis of congenital pernicious anemia was established by the age of the patient, absence of intrinsic factor in gastric fluid, lack of antibodies to intrinsic factor and parietal cells, presence of HCl in gastric fluid, and normal gastric biopsy. The xylose excretion test, 72-hour fecal fat determination, upper gastrointestinal series, and biopsy of the jejunum were normal, but the Schilling test was abnormal with hog intrinsic factor of known potency on two occasions, indicating selective malabsorption of vitamin B12. Seven months after therapy the Schilling test was still abnormal without intrinsic factor, but was normal with both human and hog intrinsic factor. The normal absorption with intrinsic factor after therapy is indicative that the selective malabsorption which was originally present was probably a consequence of the vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from lack of intrinsic factor. In patients with abnormal radioactive vitamin B12 absorption tests with administration of intrinsic factor, coexistent pernicious anemia must be excluded by demonstration of intrinsic factor in gastric fluid.
ATP Metabolism in Pyruvate Kinase Deficient Erythrocytes
Authors: TWOMEY JEREMIAH J. , O’NEAL FLOYD B. , ALFREY CLARENCE P. , MOSER ROBERT H. , Hudson Wilma J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Elevated levels of ATP were observed in pyruvate kinase deficient red cells from 5 patients despite increased ATP requirements because of increased ATPase activity. Increased red cell ATPase activity was associated with an excess of intracellular sodium. Residual aerobic glycolysis in reticulocytes did not contribute significantly toward ATP generation in these patients’ red cells. Their hemolytic anemia cannot be ascribed to a lack of high energy phosphate. Conversely, hemolysis in vitro appears to require a high energy phosphate dependent metabolic process.
Growth and Differentiation of Transplanted W/Wv Marrow
Authors: LEWIS JERRY P. , O’GRADY LOIS F. , BERNSTEIN SELDON E. , RUSSELL ELIZABETH S. , TROBAUGH FRANK E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports new data on the effect of the action of the mutant genes W and Wv on murine hemopoiesis. Our studies demonstrate that the presence of these mutant genes produces: (1) a macrocytic anemia with neither granulocytopenia nor thrombocytopenia; (2) a severe defect in the early stages of hemopoietic repopulation manifested by (a) an apparent block in the differentiation of immature cells into erythroid precursors, and (b) a greatly reduced rate of proliferation of differentiated hemopoietic elements.
These data demonstrate the existence of genetic influence on repopulation and differentiation of transplanted marrow and suggest that severe anemia may result not only from defects in the late stages of erythroid development but also from abnormalities in the early stages of erythroid maturation and hemopoietic repopulation.
An Ultrastructural Basis for the Shape Changes Induced in Platelets by Chilling
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. , KRIVIT WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood platelets normally circulate in the form of flat discs. Under conditions which promote aggregation, platelets transform from discs to irregular spheres and become sticky. Exposure of platelets to low temperature for brief periods causes similar shape changes. The present study demonstrates that the alterations induced in platelets by chilling are related to disappearance of a marginal bundle of microtubules, which has recently been described in platelets. Rewarming platelets which have previously been chilled results in recovery of both the marginal band of tubules and platelet disc shape. Thus the bundle of microtubules in platelet hyaloplasm appears intimately associated with disc shape of unaltered cells. Factors which influence platelet shape changes may do so by acting on the supporting marginal band of microtubules.
The Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration of Isolated Small Lymphocytes
Authors: PACHMAN LAUREN NT. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A homogeneous population of small lymphocytes with an average size of 6.7 micra was isolated from equine blood.
2. These cells could be maintained in vitro, with essentially complete survival for 24 hours, and with a 50% viability for five days.
3. The small lymphocytes consumed glucose at a rate of 1.87 mµmoles/1 x 107 cells/minute, and produced lactic acid at a rate of 2.30 mµmoles/1 x 107 cells/minute.
4. The oxygen consumption of small equine lymphocytes was 1.023 ± .165 mµmo1es oxygen 1 x 107 cells/minute, and that of mixed peripheral blood leukocytes, 1.25 ± .07 mµmoles oxygen/1 x 107 cells/minute, as determined, using a Clark oxygen electrode.
5. Lymphocyte glycolysis was stimulated under anaerobic conditions (Pasteur effect), and viability appeared unimpaired after 24 hours in a N2 environment.
6. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by the addition of 2,4, dinitrophenol stimulated both respiration and glycolysis.
7. The glycogen content of the normal small horse lymphocyte was 7.45 ± 1.04 µg glucose equivalents per 1 x 107 cells.
8. Many of the initial cell population were transformed into "blasts" following the addition of phytohemagglutin to the tissue culture medium. This response was associated with an increase in the rate of glycolysis and respiration by 24 hours, and a rise in intracellular glycogen by 48 hours.
The RNA Nucleotide Composition in Human Leukocytes from Normal and Leukemic Cases
Authors: KISS K. , ASTALDI G. , AIRÒ R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The RNA-nucleotide composition of leukocytes from normal and leukemic patients has been analyzed. The amount of the four mononucleotides per 109 leukocytes is significantly increased in patients with either chronic lymphocytic or chronic granulocytic leukemia when compared with leukocytes from normal subjects. High values have been observed in acute granulocytic leukemia and during blastic crisis occurring in cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia. This suggests that the mononucleotide increase may be correlated with the number of blast cells. The molar base composition of the 4 mononucleotides and the ratio of 6-keto/6-amino acids and that of purine/pyrimidine bases in all leukemic cells examined were similar to the ratios occurring in normal leukocytes.
The significance of these findings, relative to the theory of viral origin of human leukemia, is discussed.
Study on Selective Single Cell Isolation Method for Blood Cells
Authors: NAGASAKI TADAKUNI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study a method of selective isolation of a human leukemic cell was described. The method consisted of (1) use of a micro-picking-up chamber with a very small micropipette (18µ in inner diameter), and coverslip pressor, and (2) use of a 70x phase objective lens with oil immersion condenser.
As an evidence of viability of the isolated cell, the nuclear rotation was demonstrated in a conditioned medium for five days culture.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: DAS K. C. , AIKAT B. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chromosome studies were carried out in five cases of multiple myeloma by peripheral leukocyte culture and direct preparation from bonemarrow cells. No chromosomal abnormality was detected by leukocyte culture in any of these cases. Analysis of bone marrow metaphase plates revealed abnormalities in four out of five cases. Chromosomal changes were characterized by their variability from case to case, as well as among different groups of cells in individual cases. Both numerical and structural anomalies were encountered. The chromosome series more frequently involved were C, A, G and B in decreasing order. The diverse chromosomal aberrations encountered in these four cases of multiple myeloma are reminiscent of those described in acute leukemias.
Spindle Bridge and Mid-Body in Cultured Lymphocytes
Authors: SMITH G. F. , KOLB HELGA , FAUNCH JANET A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cultured human lymphocytes were prepared for electron-microscopic examination. From these cells observations were made on the structure of a spindle bridge and mid-body. It was estimated that the number of fibers in a spindle from cells containing 46 chromosomes is between 65 and 84.
Studies of Leukocyte Kinetics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: ZIMMERMAN THEODORE S. , GODWIN HERMAN A. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intravenously administered H3TdR was used to study peripheral blood leukocyte kinetics of ten patients with CLL in relapse and one in partial remission. Two distinct patterns were found. The first pattern indicates the presence of a small, proliferating population of lymphocytes which is present in the blood for a relatively brief time. This pattern was found in patients with no organomegaly and with relatively lower peripheral lymphocyte counts. In the second pattern almost all of the cells present were non-proliferating and long-lived. The patients with the latter pattern had organomegaly. These studies support the concept that there is a progressive widespread accumulation of long-lived lymphocytes in CLL often leading to splenic pooling and, in some cases, hypersplenism.
Anti-Heparin Activity of Lysosomal Cationic Proteins from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: SABA HUSSAIN I. , ROBERTS HAROLD R. , HERION JOHN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The lysosomal cationic proteins (LCP) of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes have previously been shown to inhibit the formation of intrinsic prothrombin activator. That they also have anti-heparin activity is now demonstrated in a thrombin-plasma clotting system, the partial thromboplastin time test and the thromboplastin generation test.
In thrombin clotting systems that contain antithrombin, LCP exhibit a clot-promoting effect. This activity does not appear to represent inhibition of antithrombin II or III or potentiation of the enzymatic action of thrombin. Rather it may be a direct effect on fibrinogen, or the reactions leading to fibrin formation.
The Effect of Etiocholanolone on The Entry of Granulocytes into The Peripheral Blood
Authors: GODWIN HERMAN A. , ZIMMERMAN THEODORE S. , KIMBALL HARRY R. , WOLFF SHELDON M. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of etiocholanolone on normal granulocyte kinetics was studied in a group of hematologically normal individuals using H3TdR for cell labeling. Following the establishment of the baseline peripheral blood leukokinetic pattern in each individual, a second study was performed in which etiocholanolone was administered at varying times in relation to H3TdR. No influence upon the peripheral leukocyte kinetic patterns was detected when etiocholanolone was given prior to 74 hours. When given at that time, an accelerated release of labeled granulocytes from the bone marrow was produced. The degree of acceleration appeared to be related to the size of bone marrow granulocyte reserves.
Correlation of Granulocyte Mobilization with Etiocholanolone and the Subsequent Development of Myelosuppression in Patients with Acute Leukemia Receiving Therapy
Authors: GODWIN HERMAN A. , ZIMMERMAN THEODORE S. , KIMBALL HARRY R. , WOLFF SHELDON M. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Etiocholanolone was employed in the assessment of bone marrow granulocyte reserves in a group of patients with acute leukemia prior to the administration of therapy.
2. Normal levels of circulating white blood cells and granulocytes and/or remission bone marrow status were often associated with abnormal test responses.
3. Individuals having a positive test response experienced significantly less hematologic toxicity following therapy than did those patients having a negative response.
4. Etiocholanolone proved to be a safe agent without significant side effects.
5. This test can be helpful in the prediction of toxicity following antileukemic therapy.
Cell Migration from the Thymus to Other Lymphoid Organs in Hamsters of Different Ages
Authors: LINNA T. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hamsters of different ages were labeled intra thymus and intravenously with 3H-thymidine. After extraction of nucleic acids, measurements of DNA content and tritium activity, the specific activity of different organs was calculated. By comparing the pattern of label of different organs after these quantitative measurements, it could be concluded that a good local labeling was obtained in all intra thymus injected animals, and a quantitatively significant transport of label could be shown to occur from the thymus to the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches in animals of both sexes, and also to the spleen of male animals. This transport was shown in 23 day old hamsters in which the lymphatic organs except the thymus still are immature. No such transport could be demonstrated in adult animals. Autoradiographic examinations also showed a good local labeling in the intra thymus injected animals and a migration of heavily labeled cells to mesenteric lymph nodes in 7 days old animals, and to mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and the white pulp of the spleen in 23 days old animals. Only single heavily labeled cells were found in the "peripheral" lymphatic organs of adult animals.
Erythrocyte Autoantibody Associated with Alpha-Methyldopa: Heterogeneity of Structure and Specificity
Authors: BAKEMEIER RICHARD F. , LEDDY JOHN P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia associated with alpha-methyldopa therapy was studied with particular attention to the structure and specificity of the erythrocyte autoantibodies. Eluted auotantibodies were found to be heterogeneous in both respects. Serologic evidence was obtained for the presence of at least four antibody specificities, all possibly related to the Rh complex: "anti-e," "anti-c," and at least two additional specificities for undefined antigens which may be a part of the hypothetic Rh "core" or precursor substance. The autoantibody population was found to contain γG globulins with both κ and λ light chains and three heavy-chain subclasses, in proportions approximating those found in normal human serum. These findings are judged to be most compatible with a response of basically normal lymphoid tissue to some antigenic alteration brought about by alpha-methyldopa or a derivative.
Polyploidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes
Authors: ODELL T. T. , JACKSON C. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A commonly held concept of megakaryocyte maturation envisions a coincidence of increases in ploidy (brought about by successive replications of DNA) concomitant with the development of cytoplasmic granulation and other characteristics of mature megakaryocytes. Since certain experimental findings are difficult to reconcile with this concept, particularly labeling studies with 3HTdr, we postulated that the development of polyploidy occurs before cytoplasmic maturation begins. To test this hypothesis, three characteristics of individual megakaryocytes were examined: morphologic stage, ability to incorporate 3HTdr, and amount of DNA in individual cells. The labeling-index determinations confirmed that only young megakaryocytes incorporate 3HTdr. The youngest megakaryocytes recognized included cells of all ploidy values—4, 8, 16, and 32N—demonstrating that the highest ploidy value can be attained without concomitant cytoplasmic maturation. The more mature morphologic stages included cells with 8, 16, and 32N ploidy values, indicating that a megakaryocyte need not reach the highest ploidy value before maturing cytoplasmically. The results support the hypothesis that polyploidy develops before cytoplasmic maturation occurs, and imply that platelet production may occur in cells at several ploidy levels.
Abnormal Fibrinogen in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: RIVERO ISAAC , RITZ NORTON D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An abnormal fibrinogen was demonstrated in the plasma of an eleven year old boy with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during the acute disease and during one clinical relapse nine months later. The altered fibrinogen was antigenically similar to normal fibrinogen but migrated more rapidly toward the cathode. The abnormal fibrinogen was incompletely precipitated by ammonium sulfate or heat, but was clottable by thrombin.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura may be associated with incomplete in vivo defibrination and a circulating partially degraded fibrinogen. A patient with this syndrome is alive and well forty months after treatment with 200 mg. of prednisone daily.