bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease: focus on epigenetic factors and histone deacetylase
Authors: Dubey Harikesh , Gulati Kavita , Ray Arunabha 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders mainly affecting elderly people. It is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function. More than 95% of AD cases are related to sporadic or late-onset AD (LOAD). The etiology of LOAD is still unclear. It has been reported that environmental factors and epigenetic alterations play a significant role in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 10 novel risk genes: ABCA7, APOE, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, CLU, CR1, MS4A6A, MS4A4E, and PICALM, which play an important role for LOAD. In this review, the therapeutic approaches of AD by epigenetic modifications have been discussed. Nowadays, HDAC inhibitors have clinically proven its activity for epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, we try to establish the relationship between HDAC inhibitors and above mentioned LOAD risk genes. Finally, we are hoping that this review may open new area of research for AD treatment.
Neuromuscular synergies in motor control in normal and poststroke individuals
Authors: Israely Sharon , Leisman Gerry , Carmeli Eli 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMuscle synergies are proposed to function as motor primitives that are modulated by frontal brain areas to construct a large repertoire of movement. This paper reviews the history of the development of our current theoretical understanding of nervous system-based motor control mechanisms and more specifically the concept of muscle synergies. Computational models of muscle synergies, especially the nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm, are discussed with specific reference to the changes in synergy control post-central nervous system (CNS) lesions. An alternative approach for motor control is suggested, exploiting a combination of synergies control or flexible muscle control used for gross motor skills and for individualized finger movements. Rehabilitation approaches, either supporting or inhibiting the use of basic movement patterns, are discussed in the context of muscle synergies. Applications are discussed for the use of advanced technologies that can promote the recovery and functioning of the human CNS after stroke.
Gut microbiome and depression: what we know and what we need to know
Authors: Winter Gal , Hart Robert A. , Charlesworth Richard P.G. , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Gut microbiome diversity has been strongly associated with mood-relating behaviours, including major depressive disorder (MDD). This association stems from the recently characterised bi-directional communication system between the gut and the brain, mediated by neuroimmune, neuroendocrine and sensory neural pathways. While the link between gut microbiome and depression is well supported by research, a major question needing to be addressed is the causality in the connection between the two, which will support the understanding of the role that the gut microbiota play in depression. In this article, we address this question by examining a theoretical ‘chronology’, reviewing the evidence supporting two possible sequences of events. First, we discuss that alterations in the gut microbiota populations of specific species might contribute to depression, and secondly, that depressive states might induce modification of specific gut microbiota species and eventually contribute to more severe depression. The feasibility of both sequences is supported by pre-clinical trials. For instance, research in rodents has shown an onset of depressive behaviour following faecal transplantations from patients with MDD. On the other hand, mental induction of stress and depressive behaviour in rodents resulted in reduced gut microbiota richness and diversity. Synthesis of these chronology dynamics raises important research directions to further understand the role that gut microbiota play in mood-relating behaviours, which holds substantial potential clinical outcomes for persons who experience MDD or related depressive disorders.
Experimental models of focal and multifocal cerebral ischemia: a review
Authors: Meadows Kristy L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Rodent and rabbit stroke models have been instrumental in our current understanding of stroke pathophysiology; however, translational failure is a significant problem in preclinical ischemic stroke research today. There are a number of different focal cerebral ischemia models that vary in their utility, pathophysiology of causing disease, and their response to treatments. Unfortunately, despite active preclinical research using these models, treatment options for ischemic stroke have not significantly advanced since the food and drug administration approval of tissue plasminogen activator in 1996. This review aims to summarize current stroke therapies, the preclinical experimental models used to help develop stroke therapies, as well as their advantages and limitations. In addition, this review discusses the potential for naturally occurring canine ischemic stroke models to compliment current preclinical models and to help bridge the translational gap between small mammal models and human clinical trials.
Distance-correlation based gene set analysis in longitudinal studies
Authors: Sun Jiehuan , Herazo-Maya Jose D. , Huang Xiu , Kaminski Naftali , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Longitudinal gene expression profiles of subjects are collected in some clinical studies to monitor disease progression and understand disease etiology. The identification of gene sets that have coordinated changes with relevant clinical outcomes over time from these data could provide significant insights into the molecular basis of disease progression and lead to better treatments. In this article, we propose a Distance-Correlation based Gene Set Analysis (dcGSA) method for longitudinal gene expression data. dcGSA is a non-parametric approach, statistically robust, and can capture both linear and nonlinear relationships between gene sets and clinical outcomes. In addition, dcGSA is able to identify related gene sets in cases where the effects of gene sets on clinical outcomes differ across subjects due to the subject heterogeneity, remove the confounding effects of some unobserved time-invariant covariates, and allow the assessment of associations between gene sets and multiple related outcomes simultaneously. Through extensive simulation studies, we demonstrate that dcGSA is more powerful of detecting relevant genes than other commonly used gene set analysis methods. When dcGSA is applied to a real dataset on systemic lupus erythematosus, we are able to identify more disease related gene sets than other methods.
Nonlinear Taylor rules: evidence from a large dataset
Authors: Ma Jun , Olson Eric , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper we estimate nonlinear Taylor rules over the 1986–2008 sample time period and augment the traditional Taylor rule by including principal components to better model Federal Reserve policy. Including principal components is useful in that they extract information about the overall economy from multiple economic indicators in a statistically optimal way. Additionally, given that uncertainty may influence Federal Reserve decisions, we incorporate an uncertainty index in the reaction function of the Federal Reserve. We find substantial evidence that the Federal Reserve responded to increases in macroeconomic uncertainty by cutting the Federal Funds rate over the sample period. We also find evidence that the Federal Reserve responded aggressively to increases in capacity utilization, especially when the inflation rate was above 2%.
From structure topology to chemical composition. XXV: new insights into the close packing of cations in the structures of the seidozerite-supergroup TS-block minerals
Authors: Sokolova Elena , Cámara Fernando 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The titanium-silicate (TS) block is the main structural unit in the 45 seidozerite-supergroup minerals; it consists of a central O (O=Octahedral) sheet and two adjacent H (H=Heteropolyhedral) sheets where Si2O7 groups occur in the H sheets. The three HOH sheets of the TS block form a three-layered close packing of cations with an ABC repeat; mean cation–cation distances are 3.41 Å. Minerals of the seidozerite supergroup are divided into four groups based on the content of Ti and topology and stereochemistry of the TS block: in rinkite, bafertisite, lamprophyllite and murmanite groups, Ti (+Nb+Zr+Fe3++Mg+Mn)=1, 2, 3 and 4 apfu, respectively. All TS-block structures consist either solely of TS blocks or of two types of block: the TS block and an I (intermediate) block that comprises atoms between two TS blocks. The TS block propagates close packing of cations into the I block. There are two types of close-packed layers of cations in the I block: (I) a layer of Na+ and P5+ with mean cation–cation distances of 3.41 Å and (II) a layer of Ba2+ (+K+, Sr2+ and Na+) with mean cation–cation distances of 4.73 Å. The general topology of the TS block is independent of the topology and chemical composition of the I block. However direct interaction between TS and I blocks takes place in the crystal structures of jinshajiangite, bobshannonite, bafertisite, hejtmanite, delindeite and cámaraite. Interaction of Ba atoms in the I block and F (+O) atoms of the TS block results in doubling of the minimal translations, 2t
1 and 2t
2, and a concomitant change in symmetry of the structure from primitive to C-centered.
Single-crystal analysis of nanodomains by electron diffraction tomography: mineralogy at the order-disorder borderline
Authors: Mugnaioli Enrico , Gemmi Mauro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Electron diffraction tomography is a powerful emerging method for the structure characterization of materials available only as sub-micrometric grains. This technique can in fact deliver complete 3D information from a single crystal of few hundreds or few tens of nanometers, allowing the analysis of polyphasic or polytypic mixtures that generally cannot be fully addressed by X-ray methods. In this paper, we report and discuss three mineralogy-related study cases where electron diffraction tomography was the only way for achieving a proper description of the sample, by the identification and the structure determination of all the phases or all the polytypes within. We also show how electron diffraction tomography and dynamical refinement can be combined for finding accurate atomic positions and localizing hydrogen atoms at room conditions. Finally, we stress the future potential of this method in the fields of mineralogy and experimental petrology, where till now many samples cannot be properly described because nanocrystalline, polyphasic or disordered. Electron diffraction tomography can be used for detecting unexpected or unknown phases in high-pressure synthetic yields or for the characterization of fine rocks formed under extreme conditions, like impactites or meteorites. Eventually, this method allows the structure characterization of single domains that are ordered only at the scale of few cell repetitions, and therefore it makes possible investigating those materials at the borderline between crystalline and amorphous matter and delivers crucial and unique elements for the understanding of the first stages of solid matter organization.
A sejten kívüli szabad DNS felszabadulásának és degradációjának in vivo elemzése
Authors: Barták Barbara Kinga , Nagy Zsófia Brigitta , Spisák Sándor , Tulassay Zsolt , Dank Magdolna , Igaz Péter , Molnár Béla 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was first detected in human plasma in the 1940s, but the knowledge on its regulation and rate of release is incomplete. CfDNA can originate from both normal and tumour cells. Aim: Our aims were to investigate the rate of cfDNA’s release in SHO mice/HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line xenograft model and to define the decay of methylated and non-methylated DNA fragments in C57BL/6 bloodstream. Method: SHO mice were xenografted with human HT-29 cells, than blood samples were collected over 2 months. CfDNA was isolated, then quantified by real-time PCR with highly specific genomic and mitochondrial human and mouse primer sets. This method permitted to define the ratio of human/mouse DNA. To assess the degradation rate of cfDNA, 3000 bp sized methylated and non-methylated DNA fragments were injected into healthy and C38 tumour-cell vaccinated C57BL/6 mice’s bloodstream. The decay of amplicons was measured with 19 PCR assays. Results: The amount of human DNA until the 2nd week was below the limit of detection. From the third week, a continuous growth was experienced, which reached 18.26% by the 8th week. Moreover, it was found that in healthy animals the non-methylated DNA disappears from the plasma after 6 hours, while the methylated fragment was detectable even after 24 hours. In animals with tumour, both amplicons were detectable after 24 hours. Conclusion: The examination of the role and mechanism of cfDNA shows an increasing level of interest. This work can contribute to a better understanding of the release and degradation of cfDNA. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(6): 223–233.
Pszichiátriai tünetekkel jelentkező neuroszifilisz négyéves utánkövetése
Authors: Tombor László , Salacz Pál , Jankelovics Éva , Hidasi Zoltán 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The authors present a case of neurosyphilis associated with predominant psychiatric symptoms. The elderly man was admitted because of confused behavior, maniform state, lack of critical judgement and grandiose delusions. On admission, right central facial nerve paresis, hand tremor and parkinsonism were also found. Acute brain imaging and routine laboratory tests failed to identify a firm etiology of the confusional state. The psychiatric treatment resulted in complete recovery from delirium. Afterwards, maniform psychosis dominated the clinical picture for which antipsychotics were administered. Later, rapid cognitive deterioration and progression of motor symptoms were observed. MRI revealed cortical and hippocampal atrophy and white matter hyperintensities. Lumbar puncture found pleocytosis and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels. Neurosyphilis had been confirmed by serologic tests. The cognitive symptoms improved and the psychiatric symptoms remitted under penicillin treatment. Four years after diagnosis, there is a gradual progression in the cognitive decline. Two additional hospitalizations were necessary due to the relapses of psychiatric symptoms. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(6): 234–238.
Heterogén vastagbéldaganat: a fogazott útvonalon kialakuló, sporadikus laesiók jelentősége a klinikai gyakorlatban
Authors: Ágoston Emese Irma , Horváth Evelin , Győrffy Balázs , Harsányi László , Szász A. Marcell 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Today, colorectal cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous disease. Its heterogeneity is caused by genetic alterations, molecular aberrations, different developing pathways as well as by micro- and macroenviromental agents. In the last decade, beside the classic genetic model for colorectal tumuorgenesis that follows the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, an alternative pathway has been identified. This pathway is called the serrated pathway and it is responsible for approximately one third of all colorectal lesions. Beyond their dissimilar molecular characteristics, these tumours also show different macroscopic and histologic appearance. Moreover, their malignant potency and progressive ability distinguish them from tumours of the classic genetic model. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and pathologic features of serrated lesions and the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer and to highlight their clinical impact. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(6): 206–2014.
A páciensek véleményének figyelembevétele az egészségügyi ellátás tervezése és értékelése során. A páciensek egészségértékelése
Authors: Kullmann Lajos , Kullmann Tamás 
Published: February 2018

Abstract: Provision of patient-centred health care is impossible without the knowledge of the patient’s perceptions, feelings and expectations. In contrast, participants feel the available time limited for satisfactory communication. This shortage may partially be compensated by measurements belonging to the concept of Patient Reported Outcomes. Concept definition, invention circle and use of the methods are largely diverse, eventually leading to misinterpretation of outcomes. For this reason, some organizations developed instructions, guidelines supporting uniform interpretation and application. Measures so far have rather served research goals yet may be applied in the clinical practice as well. They are not only appropriate for the evaluation of outcomes, judgement of adequacy and safety of care on systemic or institutional level, but also for the planning of individual patient care and supporting communication and co-operation. The present paper aims to provide general information and references for introducing the details. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(6): 215–222.
Efficiency of late conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to everolimus in kidney graft recipients with posttransplant malignancy
Authors: Kim I. G. , Tomilina N. A. , Fedorova N. D. , Ostrovskaya I. V. , Skryabina I. A. 
Published: February 2018

Malignancy is one of the leading causes of death in recipients with a kidney grafts. The use of proliferative signal inhibitors (PSI) is one of the approaches to solve this problem.Aim: to evaluate the efﬁ cacy and safety of everolimus in combination with reduced dose of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in patients with posttransplant malignancy.Materials and methods.62 kidney graft recipients (KGR) with neoplasia were converted from mycophenolate mofetil to everolimus in combination with reduced dose of CNI at 83.5 ± 69.3 months after transplantation. The duration follow-up was 35.5 ± 26.9 month. The effectiveness of management was assessed by patient survival, type of immunosuppression therapy, renal function and proteinuria. The patient survival in PSI group was compared with the survival in the patients in control group (n = 145), who did not receive everolimus.Results.10-year and 15-year patient survival was 92% and 85,7% in patients treated with PSi versus 61.1% and 52.8% in control group (p < 0.0003). Patients survival with everolimus-therapy after 1 year was 86.5%, after 3 year it was 64.2%, and by the end of 5 years the possibility of treatment with everolimus decreased to 50.8%, mainly due to the proteinuria and other adverse events. The recurrence rate of tumors among patients, who was treated with everolimus for 35 (26; 60) months was 13.2%. Creatinine level in serum increased from 0.13 ± 0.04 to 0.15 ± 0.09 mmol during the treatment (p < 0.031), and the daily proteinuria increased from 0.18 ± 0.25 g/day to 0.75 ± 1.63 g/day, p < 0.011.Conclusion.The usage of PSi improves long-term survival of KTR with posttransplant malignancy and demonstrates a relatively low tumors recurrence rate (13.2%) over a period of 35 months. However this treatment is not suitable for many patients and it was stopped in almost half of them due to increasing proteinuria or serious adverse events.
Treatment of distal bronchial stenosis after bilateral lung transplantation
Authors: Golovinskiy S. V. , Nechaev N. B. , Poptsov V. N. , Rusakov M. A. 
Published: February 2018

The efﬁ ciency of lung transplantation is considerably limited by the complications associated with the bronchial pathologies. Despite the progress of the treatment methods, bronchial complications are still remaining as an actual problem in the postoperative period with frequency of occurrence from 7 to 29%. However, the bronchial stenosis are the most common bronchial complications after lung transplantation with mortality from 2 to 4%.Aim. To study an experience of our center of bronchial stenosis treatment in lung recipients. Materials and methods. 34 patients underwent lung transplantation from September 2014 to January 2017. 6 (16%) of them had a stenosis of lobar or segmental bronchi from 84 to 494 postoperative day. 5 (83%) of them have demonstrated multifocal lesions. In all of the cases there was performed an endoscopic bougienage, which involved a balloon dilatation and electrocoagulated incision of granular tissue under X-ray control. After that the patients were administrated by everolimus.Results. Restenosis was formed in 132,0 ± 94,2 postoperative day after primary treatment in all patients. In four cases (67%) we used nitinol stent placement under X-ray control. There were no complications. In 3 cases stents were dislocated distally, so we needed to use repeated endoscopic bougienage to replace the stent. Using of everolimus has allowed to decrease the rate of restenosis, but it need future research.Conclusion. Distal bronchial stenosis after lung transplantation can be managed with endoscopic bougienage and stent placement. Adding everolimus has not signiﬁ cantly affected the risk of frequency of restenosis.
Outcomes and risk factors of mechanical circulatory support by peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in heart transplant candidates needing urgent heart transplantation
Authors: Poptsov V. N. , Zakharevich V. M. , Spirina E. A. , Uhrenkov S. G. , Dogonasheva A. A. , Aliev E. Z. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is one of the most frequently used methods of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) at patients with life-threatening circulatory derangement.Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness and risk factors of peripheral VA ECMO in patients waiting of urgent heart transplantation (HT). Materials and methods. The study included 149 (129 (86.6%) men and 20 (13.4%) women, age 12 to 72 (43.0 ± 1.2) years) heart transplant candidates who in the period 01.01.2011–31.12.2016 were supported by peripheral VA ECMO. These patients were 21.1% of the total waiting list (n = 706) of our institute at the same period. Indication for MCS by VA ECMO was advanced heart failure corresponding to I or II level of INTERMACS classiﬁ cation.Results. 135 (90.6%) from 149 patients were successfully supported to HT. 14 (9.4%) deed following MCS. Before of VA ECMO these patients (n = 14) had more severe (p < 0.05) hemodynamic disorders, organ dysfunction, electrolyte and metabolic disorders compared to patients TC successfully supported to HT. Left atrium (n = 24)/left ventricle drainage (n = 8) was performed for volume decompression of left heart (n = 32 (21.5%)). In a single-factor analysis, statistically signiﬁ cant pre VA ECMO risk factors for the lethal outcome were: creatinine ≥ 140 mmol/l, urea ≥ 15 mmol/l, total bilirubin ≥ 80 μmol/l, ALT ≥ 300 U/l, AST ≥ 300 U/l, INR ≥ 3.0, procalcitonin ≥ 3.0 ng/ml, preexisting left ventricular thrombosis complicated thromboembolic stroke with brain death following VA ECMO (n = 3). Statistically signiﬁ cant factors for the lethal outcome following MCS were: transthoracic left ventricle drainage (n = 8) compared to transcutaneous transfemoral transseptal left atrium drainage (n = 24) for volume decompression of left heart; hemolysis ≥ 300 mg%. Conclusion. VA ECMO is high efﬁ ciency method of temporary MCS in 90.6% heart transplant candidates needed at urgent HT. VA ECMO must be begin before development of potential lethal multiorgan and septic complications. Preexisting left ventricular thrombosis increase risk of lethal thromboembolic brain injury following VA ECMO. Patients with transcutaneous transfemoral transseptal left atrium drainage for left heart volume decompression had better outcome following MCS by VA ECMO.