bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naltrexone effects on subjective responses to alcohol in the human laboratory: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ray Lara A. , Green ReJoyce , Roche Daniel J.O. , Magill Molly , Bujarski Spencer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNaltrexone (NTX) has been widely studied for the treatment of alcohol use disorder with overall support for its efficacy. The mechanisms of action of naltrexone are thought to involve attenuation of the hedonic effects of alcohol and potentiation of its aversive effects. In order to provide a quantitative estimate of the effects of naltrexone on subjective response to alcohol, the aims of this meta‐analytic review are to examine the effects of naltrexone across four domains of subjective response. Meta‐analyses of naltrexone effects on alcohol craving (k = 16, N = 686), stimulation (k = 15, N = 675), sedation (k = 18, N = 777), and negative mood (k = 9, N = 281) suggested that under laboratory conditions and compared with placebo, naltrexone reduces craving (Hedges g = −0.252; SE = 0.054; 95% CI, −0.375 to −0.130; P < 0.01), reduces stimulation (g = −0.223; SE = 0.067; 95% CI, −0.372 to −0.074; P < 0.01), increases sedation (g = 0.251; SE = 0.064; 95% CI, 0.112‐0.389; P < 0.01), and increases negative mood (g = 0.227; SE = 0.047; 95% CI, 0.100‐0.354; P < 0.01). Results were robust when drinks per month and alcohol dose were added to the models as covariates. The effects of naltrexone varied by severity of alcohol use with medication effects on craving and stimulation being observed in sample of both heavy drinkers and AUD individuals. These results are consistent with the hypothesized mechanisms of action of NTX, although the effects are of small magnitude. This meta‐analysis aggregates across multiple human laboratory studies of NTX's effects on subjective response to alcohol, providing a comprehensive summary of a key mechanism of NTX efficacy, namely, alteration of the subjective experience of alcohol.
Adolescent Internalizing, Externalizing, and Social Problems Following Iron Deficiency at 12–18 Months: The Role of Maternal Responsiveness
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Gahagan Sheila , East Patricia L. , Encina Pamela , Delva Jorge , Lozoff Betsy 
Published: June 2019

This study tested whether maternal responsiveness moderated or mediated pathways from iron deficiency (ID) at 12–18 months to adolescent behavior problems. Participants were part of a large Chilean cohort (N = 933). Iron status was assessed at 12 and 18 months. Maternal responsiveness was assessed at 9 months and 5 years. Parents reported their child’s symptomology at 5 years, 10 years, and adolescence (11–17 years; M = 14.4). Structural equation modeling identified a previously unrecognized pathway by which child externalizing problems and negative maternal responsiveness at 5 years mediated associations between ID at 12–18 months and adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and social problems. Positive maternal responsiveness in infancy did not buffer those with ID anemia from developing 5‐year internalizing problems.
Biological and technical outcomes of restored implants after maxillary sinus augmentation—Results at 1‐year loading
Authors: Alayan Jamil , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report biological and technical outcomes of implant‐supported restorations placed into previously maxillary sinus floor augmentation using the lateral wall approach (MSA) using anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + autogenous bone (AB) (control group) or collagen‐stabilized ABBM (test group).Materials and methodsSingle implant was placed 6 months after MSA in 27 control and 26 test patients. Fixed restorations were delivered 12 weeks later and reviewed 12 months after function. Outcomes measured included implant survival, marginal bone levels (DIB), peri‐implant parameters, and incidence of biological and technical complications.ResultsSeven patients (three control, four test group) did not return for their 1‐year review. No significant inter‐group differences were noted for all parameters. At baseline (3 months after implant placement), a mean(SD) marginal bone loss of 0.66 mm (0.40) and 0.77 mm (0.48) from the implant shoulder was recorded in the control and test group, respectively. After 12 months of loading, a mean (SD) additional marginal bone loss of 0.32 mm (0.24) and 0.35 mm (0.23) was noted in the control and test group, respectively. Peri‐implant mucositis (≥1 site BOP) was diagnosed in 62.9% of control and 69.23% of test patients. No peri‐implantitis was diagnosed. Screw retention and single crowns predominated. Technical complications mostly comprised of ceramic veneer chipping and were noted in 7.4% of control and 11.54% of test patients.ConclusionBased on a short observation period, implant reconstruction of the partially edentulous posterior maxilla after MSA using ABBM + AB or collagen‐stabilized ABBM led stable marginal bone levels, high prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis, and low rates of technical complications.
Epidemiological, clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study on hypopigmented epitheliotropic T‐cell dyscrasia and hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
Authors: Landgrave‐Gómez Ixchel , Ruiz‐Arriaga León F. , Toussaint‐Caire Sonia , Vega‐Memije María E. , Lacy‐Niebla Rosa M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypopigmented dermatoses, more evident in dark‐skinned people, are a frequent cause of consultation. Their etiology includes a wide range of dermatoses, from benign to malignant diseases. The clinical presentation appears very similar between them, making the correct diagnoses and management a challenge.MethodologyClinical records and histopathological biopsies were identified and compared in patients of the “Dr. Manuel Gea González” General Hospital throughout a 16‐year period with the presumptive diagnosis of hypopigmented epitheliotropic T‐cell dyscrasia (HTCD) or hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (HMF). Immunostaining analysis was performed in each specimen, the panel of antibodies used was: CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD20, and CD62L.ResultsThirty cases of 81 patients found in the registries were included in this study. The main age group was formed by children younger than 15 years old. The main clinical differences between both entities were gender, presence of plaques, and neck lesions. The most significant histopathological parameters used to differentiate both diagnoses were: severity of lymphocytic infiltration, the extent of epidermotropism, folliculotropism, presence of Pautrier's microabscesses, lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei, and dermal fibroplasia. No immunohistochemical differences were found between them.ConclusionThe clinical distinction between HTCD and HMF continues to be a challenge, therefore an extensive clinicopathological correlation must be performed. AbCD7 and AbCD62L were not useful to differentiate both dermatoses. This paper suggests that HTCD and HMF should be considered as the beginning and the end of the same clinical spectrum.
Identification of Y‐chromosome scaffolds of the Queensland fruit fly reveals a duplicated gyf gene paralogue common to many Bactrocera pest species
Authors: Choo Amanda , Nguyen Thu N.M. , Ward Christopher M. , Chen Isabel Y. , Sved John , Shearman Deborah , Gilchrist Anthony S. , Crisp Peter , Baxter Simon W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) are polyphagous horticultural pests of eastern Australia. Heterogametic males contain a sex‐determining Y‐chromosome thought to be gene poor and repetitive. Here, we report 39 Y‐chromosome scaffolds (~700 kb) from B. tryoni identified using genotype‐by‐sequencing data and whole‐genome resequencing. Male diagnostic PCR assays validated eight Y‐scaffolds, and one (Btry4096) contained a novel gene with five exons that encode a predicted 575 amino acid protein. The Y‐gene, referred to as typo‐gyf, is a truncated Y‐chromosome paralogue of X‐chromosome gene gyf (1773 aa). The Y‐chromosome contained ~41 copies of typo‐gyf, and expression occurred in male flies and embryos. Analysis of 13 tephritid transcriptomes confirmed typo‐gyf expression in six additional Bactrocera species, including Bactrocera latifrons, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata. Molecular dating estimated typo‐gyf evolved within the past 8.02 million years (95% highest posterior density 10.56–5.52 million years), after the split with Bactrocera oleae. Phylogenetic analysis also highlighted complex evolutionary histories among several Bactrocera species, as discordant nuclear (116 genes) and mitochondrial (13 genes) topologies were observed. B. tryoni Y‐sequences may provide useful sites for future transgene insertions, and typo‐gyf could act as a Y‐chromosome diagnostic marker for many Bactrocera species, although its function is unknown.
Cytochrome P450 26A1 modulates uterine dendritic cells in mice early pregnancy
Authors: Gu Ai‐Qin , Li Dan‐Dan , Wei Dan‐Ping , Liu Yan‐Qin , Ji Wen‐Heng , Yang Ying , Lin Han‐Yan , Peng Jing‐Pian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1) plays important roles in the mice peri‐implantation period. Inhibiting its expression or function leads to pregnancy failure. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved, especially the relationship between CYP26A1 and immune cells. In this study, using Cyp26a1‐specific antisense morpholigos (Cyp26a1‐MO) knockdown mice model and pCR3.1‐Cyp26a1 vaccine mice model, we found that the number of uterine CD45+CD11c+MHCIIlo‐hiF4/80− dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly decreased in the treated mice. The percentage of mature DCs (CD86hi) was obviously lower and the percentage of immature DCs (CD86lo) was remarkably higher in uterine DCs in the treatment group than that of the control group. Further experiments found that ID2, a transcription factor associated with DCs development, and CD86, a DC mature marker molecule, were both significantly reduced in mice uteri in the treated group. In vitro, ID2 and CD86 also decreased in bone marrow‐derived DCs under Cyp26a1‐MO treatment. These findings provide novel information that CYP26A1 might affect the embryo implantation via modulating the differentiation and maturation of uterine DCs.
Effectiveness of Equating at the Passing Score for Exams With Small Sample Sizes
Authors: Wolkowitz Amanda A. , Wright Keith D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article explores the amount of equating error at a passing score when equating scores from exams with small samples sizes. This article focuses on equating using classical test theory methods of Tucker linear, Levine linear, frequency estimation, and chained equipercentile equating. Both simulation and real data studies were used in the investigation. The results of the study supported past findings that as the sample sizes increase, the amount of bias in the equating at the passing score decreases. The research also highlights the importance for practitioners to understand the data, to have an informed expectation of the results, and to have a documented rationale for an acceptable amount of equating error.
Computerized Adaptive Testing in Early Education: Exploring the Impact of Item Position Effects on Ability Estimation
Authors: Albano Anthony D. , Cai Liuhan , Lease Erin M. , McConnell Scott R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that item difficulty can vary significantly based on the context of an item within a test form. In particular, item position may be associated with practice and fatigue effects that influence item parameter estimation. The purpose of this research was to examine the relevance of item position specifically for assessments used in early education, an area of testing that has received relatively limited psychometric attention. In an initial study, multilevel item response models fit to data from an early literacy measure revealed statistically significant increases in difficulty for items appearing later in a 20‐item form. The estimated linear change in logits for an increase of 1 in position was .024, resulting in a predicted change of .46 logits for a shift from the beginning to the end of the form. A subsequent simulation study examined impacts of item position effects on person ability estimation within computerized adaptive testing. Implications and recommendations for practice are discussed.
Ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus‐indica peel: Phytochemical identification and comparison with soxhlet extraction
Authors: Karunanithi Anbarasi , Venkatachalam Sivakumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to optimize the ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction (UASE) variables and to identify the phytochemical compounds present in the prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) peel extract and the results are compared with the extract obtained using soxhlet extraction (SE) techniques. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the UASE variables and the maximum TPC (5.95 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC (9.79 mg RUE/g dW) was obtained at 17 min of time, 40°C bath temperature and 1:24 g/mL solid–solvent ratio. The SEM analysis further shows that ultrasonic cavitation caused morphological changes, which accelerates the rate of extraction. The phytochemical analysis of UASE and soxhlet extracts revealed that the components which possess pharmacological activity are about 68.08% in UASE, whereas 61.72% in SE. In addition, components like phytol, azulene, andrographolide, serverogenin acetate, and stigmasterol, possess pharmacological properties that are notably present in UASE and are absent in SE.Practical ApplicationsThe present study identifies the presence of phytochemicals in the prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) peel extract obtained using ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction (UASE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) technique. The experiments' result shows that the components, which are responsible for antimicrobial activity, are higher in UASE extract compared to SE extract. The SEM analysis shows that ultrasonic cavitation caused morphological changes, which accelerates the rate of extraction and hence reduces the extraction time. The UASE technique is identified as a promising extraction technique for extraction of bioactive components with low solvent consumption. The UASE technique gives more pharmacological nature of components compared to soxhlet extraction (SE) technique. The present study reveals that the nature of the phytochemicals present in the extract strongly depends on the extraction method.
Heterodox Economics, Social Ethics, and Inequalities
Authors: McRorie Christina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch in the cognitive sciences indicates that metaphors significantly shape perceptions and approaches to problem solving. With this in mind, this essay argues that it is problematic for ethicists that mainstream economics and other social scientific literature relies on naturalistic metaphors to describe markets. These imply an inaccurate picture of economic phenomena and rhetorically frame many solutions to problems such as inequality as interventionist. This essay proposes that religious ethicists may find resources for avoiding this conceptual hazard in emerging fields of heterodox economics that are attentive to the role of culture and human agency in shaping markets. It introduces feminist, behavioral, institutional, and Austrian economics in particular and highlights some of the specific approaches to inequality adopted in these fields. It then suggests that engaging heterodox perspectives more generally may help ethicists keep in view the full complexity and social nature of the economic problems they analyze.
Demonstrating suitability of the Caco-2 cell model for BCS-based biowaiver according to the recent FDA and ICH harmonised guidelines
Authors: Jarc Tina , Novak Maša , Hevir Neli , Rižner Tea Lanišnik , Kreft Mateja Erdani , Kristan Katja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
According to the regulatory guidelines, one of the critical steps in using in-vitro permeability methods for permeability classification is to demonstrate the suitability of the method. Here, suitability of the permeability method by using a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells was verified with different criteria.

Methods
Imaging with a transmission electron microscope was used for characterisation of the cells. Monolayer integrity was confirmed by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and permeability of zero permeability marker compounds. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate expression levels of 84 known transporters. Samples for bidirectional permeability determination were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

Key findings
The Caco-2 cells grow in an intact monolayer and morphologically resemble enterocytes. Genes of 84 known transporters were expressed at different levels; furthermore, expression was time depended. Functional expression of efflux transporter P-glycoprotein was confirmed. We established a correlation between permeability coefficients of 21 tested drug substances ranging from low, moderate and high absorption with human fraction absorbed literature data (R2 = 0.84).

Conclusions
Assay standardisation assures the consistency of experimental data. Only such fully characterised model has the ability to accurately predict drug's intestinal permeability at the early stage of research or for the BCS-based biowaiver application.
Vertical variation in epiphytic cryptogam species richness and composition in a primeval Fagus sylvatica forest
Authors: Kaufmann Stefan , Weinrich Tobias , Hauck Markus , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionBiodiversity surveys of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens on standing trees are mostly restricted to the lowermost 2 m, since sampling above this level is time‐consuming and therefore expensive. However, sampling only the stem base is likely to result in underestimation of forest epiphyte diversity, because microclimate and physico‐chemical site conditions, both of which vary with height above the ground, play important roles for poikilohydric organisms. We investigate variation in epiphyte diversity and composition along the vertical gradient in forests and discuss factors that may potentially account for height‐dependent distribution patterns.LocationMontane primeval beech forest Havešová in the Carpathians, eastern Slovakia.MethodsTen circular plots, each 500 m2, were selected randomly in an area severely affected by windfall. Epiphytes were sampled along the stems of recently uprooted trees, from base to the canopy. Mean Ellenberg indicator values (EIV) for light, moisture, acidity and nitrogen availability were used as surrogate variables for environmental interpretation of compositional patterns for sampling segments of 2 m along the stem.ResultsBy sampling only the lowest 2 m, 10% of the total bryophyte and 48% of the lichen species would have been missed. We detected systematic patterns of compositional variation for both groups along the vertical gradient. While pleurocarpous mosses and liverworts were mostly restricted to the stem base, acrocarpous mosses and crustose lichens occurred along the stem almost to the top. Foliose and fruticose lichens were concentrated at intermediate heights and in the upper canopy. Patterns of variation in EIVs suggested that increasing light availability, decreasing moisture and increasing inputs of acidic and nitrous substances are responsible for the compositional shifts along the vertical gradient.ConclusionsSampling only the stem base implies severe underestimation of the epiphyte diversity in temperate broad‐leaved forests. The middle and the upper parts of tree stems have distinctive compositions of epiphytic cryptogams, because microclimate and physico‐chemical site factors vary with height above the ground.
An assessment of sperm whale occurrence and social structure off São Miguel Island, Azores using fluke and dorsal identification photographs
Authors: van der Linde Miranda L. , Eriksson Ida K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFemale and immature sperm whales form stable social units in tropical to subtropical waters. One such area is the Azores archipelago, where details of their year‐round occurrence and social organization are not well known. We used year‐round sightings data collected from whale watching vessels to assess sperm whale occurrence and social structure off São Miguel Island, Azores from 2010 to 2017. Individuals were photo‐identified by their flukes (n = 393) and dorsal pigmentation marks were examined to explore their use in assisting with reidentifications. Of all cataloged whales, 78.8% were sufficiently distinctive to be reidentified from dorsal pigmentation patterns. Associations between individuals were analyzed to determine social structure and delineate social units. We identified 12 units comprising 2–13 members that had stable, and perhaps preferred associations for periods up to the eight years of the study. Preferences between some pairs of units may exist, but more research is required to better understand dynamics within and between units. This local scale study is an important contributor to our knowledge of geographic variation on a global scale. We recommend making use of all available information from the entire archipelago, to further increase our understanding of sperm social organization in the Azores.
If she is conscious, what is she?
Authors: Hussey Trevor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhat is consciousness? What is its importance and how is it to be described? The paper looks at some of the principal theories and their attempts to solve the “hard problem” of how consciousness is produced by nervous tissue, and attempts to close the “explanatory gap” between such (apparently) profoundly different things as subjective awareness and a physical brain. It ends with a tentative suggestion that, despite centuries of philosophical frustration, recent appeals to quantum physics may offer a glimmer of hope.
Assessing ventilatory control stability in children with and without an elevated central apnoea index
Authors: Harman Katherine , Weichard Aidan J. , Davey Margot J. , Horne Rosemary S.C. , Nixon Gillian M. , Edwards Bradley A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveFrequent central apnoeas are sometimes observed in healthy children; however; the pathophysiology of an elevated central apnoea index (CAI) is poorly understood. A raised CAI may indicate underlying ventilatory control instability (i.e. elevated loop gain, LG) or a depressed ventilatory drive. This pilot study aimed to compare LG in otherwise healthy children with an elevated CAI to healthy controls.MethodsPolysomnographic recordings from children (age > 6 months) without obstructive sleep apnoea and with a CAI > 5 events/h (n = 13) were compared with age and gender‐matched controls with a CAI < 5 events/h (n = 13). Spontaneous sighs were identified during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and breath–breath measurements of ventilation were derived from the nasal pressure signal. A standard model of ventilatory control (gain, time constant and delay) was used to calculate LG by transforming ventilatory fluctuations seen in response to a sigh into a ventilatory‐drive signal that best matches observed ventilation.ResultsThe high CAI group had an elevated LG (median = 0.36 (interquartile range, IQR = 0.35–0.53) vs 0.28 (0.23–0.36); P ≤ 0.01). There was no difference in either the time constant (P = 0.63) or delay (P = 0.29) between groups. Elevated LG observed in the high CAI group remained after accounting for degree of hypoxia (average oxygen saturation (SpO2) during each analysable window) experienced (0.40 (0.30–0.53) vs 0.25 (0.23–0.37); P = 0.04).ConclusionAn elevated CAI in otherwise healthy children is associated with a raised LG compared to matched controls with a low CAI, irrespective of level of hypoxia. This relative ventilatory instability helps explain the high CAI and may ultimately be able to help guide diagnosis and management in patients with high CAI.