bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface displacements of Aso volcano after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake based on SAR interferometry: implications for dynamic triggering of earthquake–volcano interactions
Authors: Yamada Wataru , Ishitsuka Kazuya , Mogi Toru , Utsugi Mitsuru 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYThe 2016 Kumamoto earthquake involved a series of events culminating in an Mw 7.0 main shock on 2016 April 16; the main-shock fault terminated in the caldera of Aso volcano. In this study, we estimated surface displacements after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using synthetic aperture radar interferometry analysis of 16 Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 images acquired from 2016 April 18 to 2017 June 12 and compared them with four images acquired before the earthquake. Ground subsidence of about 8 cm was observed within about a 3 km radius in the northwestern part of Aso caldera. Because this displacement was not seen in data acquired before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, we attribute this displacement to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Furthermore, to estimate the source depth of the surface displacement, we applied the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to a spherical source model and obtained a source depth of about 4.8 km. This depth and position are nearly in agreement with the top of a low-resistivity area previously inferred from magnetotelluric data; this area is thought to represent a deep hydrothermal reservoir. We concluded that this displacement is due to the migration of magma or aqueous fluids.
1989–2019: From democratic to abusive constitutional borrowing
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Landau David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Constitutional borrowing looks very different today than it did thirty years ago: where in 1989, post-Soviet and Eastern European states were looking west for ideas and inspiration, today they are increasingly looking “eastward”—i.e. to Russia, China, and Singapore—for models of constitutional government. When they do look west, we argue, they are also doing so in increasingly “abusive ways”—i.e. in superficial, shallow, acontextual, or anti-purposive ways designed to use liberal democratic ideas and models not as inspiration but as justification for the erosion of minimum democratic norms and guarantees. This new mix of East-West influence is thus distinctly troubling from the perspective of a commitment to constitutional democracy.
Detections and constraints on white dwarf variability from time-series GALEX observations
Authors: Rowan D M , Tucker M A , Shappee B J , Hermes J J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We search for photometric variability in more than 23 000 known and candidate white dwarfs (WDs), the largest ultraviolet survey compiled for a single study of WDs. We use gphoton, a publicly available calibration/reduction pipeline, to generate time-series photometry of WDs observed by GALEX. By implementing a system of weighted metrics, we select sources with variability due to pulsations and eclipses. Although GALEX observations have short baselines (≤30 min), we identify intrinsic variability in sources as faint as Gaia G = 20 mag. With our ranking algorithm, we identify 48 new variable WDs in archival GALEX observations. We detect 40 new pulsators: 36 have hydrogen-dominated atmospheres (DAVs), including one possible massive DAV, and four are helium-dominated pulsators (DBVs). We also detect eight new eclipsing systems; five are new discoveries, and three were previously known spectroscopic binaries. We perform synthetic injections of the light curve of WD 1145+017, a system with known transiting debris, to test our ability to recover similar systems. We find that the 3σ maximum occurrence rate of WD 1145+017-like transiting objects is $\le 0.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$.
Predictors of Return to Normal Neurological Function After Surgery for Moderate and Severe Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: An Analysis of A Global AOSpine Cohort of Patients
Authors: De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Nouri Aria , Nakhla Jonathan , Echt Murray , Gelfand Yaroslav , Patel Smruti K , Nasser Rani , Cheng Joseph S , Yassari Reza , Fehlings Michael G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have established the safety and efficacy of surgical intervention for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Although the main goal of surgery is symptom stabilization, a subset of patients achieves remarkable improvements.

OBJECTIVE
To identify predictors of return to normal neurological function after surgery for moderate or severe DCM.

METHODS
This is an analysis of 2 prospective multicenter studies (the AOSpine CSM-North America and CSM-International studies) conducted between 2005 and 2011. For patients with complete preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2-yr follow-up, characteristics were compared between those who achieved a modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score of 18 at 2 yr (no signs of myelopathy) vs controls. Only patients with baseline mJOA ≤ 14 (moderate and severe myelopathy) were included to minimize ceiling effects.

RESULTS
A total of 51 patients (20.3%) out of 251 with moderate or severe baseline myelopathy achieved an mJOA score of 18 at 2 yr. On stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, T1-weighted (T1W1)-hypointensity (odds ratio [OR] 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.79; P = .03) and longer walking time on the 30-m walking test (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .03) were independent predictors of outcome, with an area under the curve of 0.71 for the model.

CONCLUSION
In this study, T1W-hypointensity on MRI and longer walking time were found to predict a less likelihood of achieving return to normal neurological function after surgery for moderate or severe DCM. These findings may provide useful information for patient counseling and perioperative expectations.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Helis Corbin A , McTyre Emory , Munley Michael T , Bourland J Daniel , Lucas John T , Cramer Christina K , Tatter Stephen B , Laxton Adrian W , Chan Michael D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trigeminal neuralgia in the setting of multiple sclerosis (MS-TN) is a challenging condition to manage that is commonly treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS; Elekta AB). However, data regarding the efficacy of this treatment are somewhat limited, particularly for repeat GKRS.

OBJECTIVE
To report outcomes of GKRS for MS-TN from a cohort study.

METHODS
Retrospective review of our GKRS database identified 77 cases of unilateral MS-TN (UMSTN) in 74 patients treated with GKRS between 2001 and 2016, with 37 cases undergoing repeat GKRS. Background medical history, treatment outcomes and complications, and dosimetric data were obtained by retrospective chart reviews and telephone interviews.

RESULTS
Eighty-two percent of UMSTN cases achieved Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) IIIb or better pain relief following initial GKRS for a median duration of 1.1 yr. Estimated rates of pain relief at 1, 3, and 5 yr were 51, 39, and 29% respectively. Eighty-eight percent achieved BNI IIIb or better pain relief after repeat GKRS for a median duration of 4.0 yr. Estimated rates of pain relief at 1 and 3 yr were 70 and 54%, respectively. Median doses for initial and repeat GKRS were 85 and 80 Gy to the 100% isodose line, respectively. Those with MS-TN had a shorter duration of BNI IIIb or better pain relief after initial (4.6 vs 1.1 yr), but not repeat GKRS (3.8 vs 4.0 yr) compared to a historical cohort from our institution.

CONCLUSION
GKRS is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients with MS-TN. More durable relief is often achieved with repeat GKRS.
Racialized Equity Labor, University Appropriation and Student Resistance
Authors: Lerma Veronica , Hamilton Laura T , Nielsen Kelly 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe coin the term “racialized equity labor” to describe the often uncompensated efforts of people of color to address systematic racism and racial marginalization within organizations. Using a year-long ethnographic and interview study of a majority-minority public university, we focus specifically on the racialized equity labor of college students who, like many faculty and staff of color, often labor to make their campuses comfortable and functional for historically underrepresented populations. We identify a cycle of racialized labor appropriation whereby: 1) people of color identify problems in the racial environment of their organizations and work to solve them; 2) leadership responds by blocking efforts and/or denying issues; 3) external and/or internal pressures force introspection and push leaders to resolve an organizational threat (e.g., to the university’s public image of diversity); and finally, 4) leadership appropriates racialized equity labor, and in doing so converts it into a diluted diversity initiative. Those engaged in racialized equity labor may resist appropriation, but the cycle takes a toll on activists. The ways in which organizations respond to racialized equity labor offers insight into the reproduction of racial inequities, despite the hard work of people of color to create meaningful racial change.
Respiratory disease and lower pulmonary function as risk factors for subsequent dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Russ Tom C. , Kivimäki Mika , Batty G. David 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn addition to affecting the oxygen supply to the brain, pulmonary function is a marker of multiple insults throughout life (including smoking, illness, and socioeconomic deprivation). By meta-analysing existing studies, we tested the hypothesis that lower pulmonary function and respiratory illness are linked to an elevated risk of dementia.AimsTo review the best available evidence, taken from longitudinal studies, for pulmonary function and respiratory disease as risk factors of dementia.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of longitudinal studies using PubMed until April 1st, 2019 and, where possible, pooled results in random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe identified eleven studies relating pulmonary function to later dementia risk, and eleven studies of respiratory illness and dementia (including one which studied both). The lowest quartile of lung function measure Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) compared with the highest was associated with a 1.5-fold (1.51, 95%CI 0.94-2.42) increased dementia risk (Ntotal=127,710, 3 studies). Respiratory illness was also associated with increased dementia risk to a similar degree (1.54, 1.30-1.81, Ntotal=288,641, 11 studies).ConclusionsIndividuals with poor pulmonary function are at increased risk of dementia. The extent to which the association between poor pulmonary function and dementia is causal remains unclear.
A multi-omic analysis of optineurin proteinopathy in a yeast model suggests the involvement of lipid metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Bean Daniel M. , Hnatova Silvia , Mülleder Michael , Magalhães Sandra , Nightingale Daniel J. H. , Lilley Kathryn S. , Ralser Markus , Nunes Alexandra , Goodfellow Brian J. , Oliver Stephen G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable fatal neurodegenerative disease for which the precise mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear despite some significant advances in our understanding of the underlying genetic basis. A holistic, integrated view of cellular changes will be critical to understanding the processes of neurodegeneration and the development of effective treatments. Mutant forms of optineurin (a ubiquitin-binding protein involved in autophagy, membrane trafficking, and NF-κB activation) are found associated with cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP43 or SOD1 in some ALS patients. We have taken a multi-omics approach to understand the cellular response to OPTN overexpression in a yeast model of ALS. We found that genetic interaction screens and metabolomics provided parallel, highly complementary data on OPTN toxicity. Genetic enhancers of OPTN toxicity in yeast relate directly to the native function of OPTN in vesicular trafficking and intracellular transport, suggesting the human OPTN protein is functional when expressed in yeast even though there is no yeast ortholog. Crucially, we find that the genetic modifiers and the metabolic response are distinct for different ALS-linked genes expressed in yeast. This lends strong support to the use of yeast as a model system and omics platform to study ALS.
Untangling the Indonesian tangle net fishery: describing a data-poor fishery targeting large threatened rays (Order Batoidea)
Authors: D’Alberto Brooke M. , White William T. , Chin Andrew , Dharmadi  , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShark-like rays (Order Rhinopristiformes) are among the most threatened families of marine fish. Yet little is known about their populations, as these rays are normally taken as opportunistic catch in fisheries targeting other species and are thus poorly reported. One exception is the Indonesian tangle net fishery, which targets shark-like rays.Market surveys of Muara Angke landing site in Jakarta, north-western Java (including one frozen shipment from Benoa Harbour, Bali), were conducted between 2001 and 2005, and recorded landed catch for this fishery. Recent catch data from Indonesian Capture Fisheries (2017 – 2018) were also examined to provide contemporary information about landed catch.1,559 elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) were recorded, comprised of 24 species of rays and nine species of sharks. The most abundant species landed were the pink whipray Pateobatis fai and the bottlenose wedgefish Rhynchobatus australiae, the latter being the main target species.Catch composition varied based on differences in species catchability and may also be indicative of localized declines. The fishery was highly selective for larger sized individuals, however smaller size classes of target species were also caught in other Indonesian fisheries resulting in fishing pressure across all age classes.Evidence of substantial declines in global landings of wedgefish species, and the observed shift in catch composition in the Indonesian tangle net fishery, increases concerns about the status of shark-like rays and stingrays in Indonesia.
Compartmental Modeling Software: a fast, discrete stochastic framework for biochemical and epidemiological simulation
Authors: Lorton Christopher W. , Proctor Joshua L. , Roh Min K. , Welkhoff Philip A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe compartmental modeling software (CMS) is an open source computational framework that can simulate discrete, stochastic reaction models which are often utilized to describe complex systems from epidemiology and systems biology. In this article, we report the computational requirements, the novel input model language, the available numerical solvers, and the output file format for CMS. In addition, the CMS code repository also includes a library of example model files, unit and regression tests, and documentation. Two examples, one from systems biology and the other from computational epidemiology, are included that highlight the functionality of CMS. We believe the creation of computational frameworks such as CMS will advance our scientific understanding of complex systems as well as encourage collaborative efforts for code development and knowledge sharing.
Lifestyle and biological factors influence the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation
Authors: Gialluisi A , Bonaccio M , Di Castelnuovo A , Costanzo S , De Curtis A , Sarchiapone M , Cerletti C , Donati MB , de Gaetano G , Iacoviello L ,   on behalf of the Moli-Sani Study Investigators
Published: April 2019

AbstractMental health modulates the risk of common chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Although inflammation is thought to partly explain this link, its relation with mental health is still unclear and largely unexplored.We investigated three scales assessing psychological resilience (CD-RISC), depression symptoms (PHQ8) and mental wellbeing (SF36-MCS) in an Italian adult population cohort (Nmax=16,952). We performed stepwise generalized linear models to test the association between each scale and INFLA-score, a composite blood-based inflammation index. At each step, a class of potential mediators was included in the model, namely health conditions, lifestyle factors, or both (full model). Full model analysis was also conducted on single blood markers involved in the inflammatory process.In the baseline model, we observed significant associations of PHQ8 (standardized β=0.024, p=8.9×10−3) and SF36-MCS (β = −0.021, p=7×10−3) with INFLA-score. These associations survived adjustment for health conditions but not for lifestyle factors, which explained 81% and 17% of the association with PHQ8 and SF36-MCS, respectively. Significant associations (p<4.2×10−3) after mediator adjustment were observed for single low-grade inflammation markers, including platelet distribution width (with PHQ8 and CD-RISC), granulocyte-and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, monocyte and lymphocyte fractions (with SF36-MCS).These findings suggest that the relationship between mental health and low-grade inflammation is largely influenced by lifestyle. However, the associations with specific biomarkers related to inflammation are partly independent and might be explained by biological factors. Interestingly, these associations are in line with recent blood transcriptomic analyses of depressed subjects, reporting up- and down-regulation of genes related to innate and adaptive immunity, respectively.
A pilot Study: Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) can be measured in human Fetuses using fetal Magnetoencephalography (fMEG)
Authors: Niepel Dorothea , Krishna Bhargavi , Siegel Eric R. , Draganova Rossitza , Preissl Hubert , Govindan Rathinaswamy B. , Eswaran Hari 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAuditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are ongoing evoked brain responses to continuous auditory stimuli that play a role for auditory processing of complex sounds and speech perception. Transient auditory event-related responses (AERRs) have previously been recorded using fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) but involve different neurological pathways. Previous studies in children and adults demonstrated that the cortical components of the ASSR are significantly affected by state of consciousness and by maturational changes in neonates and young infants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate ASSRs in human fetuses.Methods47 fMEG sessions were conducted with 24 healthy pregnant women in three gestational age groups (30–32 weeks, 33–35 weeks and 36–39 weeks). The stimulation consisted of amplitude-modulated (AM) tones with a duration of one second, a carrier frequency (CF) of 500 Hz and a modulation frequency (MF) of 27 Hz or 42 Hz. Both tones were presented in a random order with equal probability adding up to 80–100 repetitions per tone. The ASSR across trials was quantified by assessing phase synchrony in the cortical signals at the stimulation frequency.Results and ConclusionTen out of 47 recordings were excluded due to technical problems or maternal movements. Analysis of the included 37 fetal recordings revealed a statistically significant response for the phase coherence between trials for the MF of 27 Hz but not for 42 Hz. An exploratory subgroup analysis moreover suggested an advantage in detectability for fetal behavioral state 2F (active asleep) compared to 1F (quiet asleep) detected using fetal heart rate. In conclusion, with the present study it was possible to detect human fetal ASSRs for the first time. These findings warrant further investigations of the developing fetal brain.
Seasonal zonation patterns of the sandy beach bivalveDonax deltoides(Bivalvia: Donacidae) in subtropical eastern Australia
Authors: Totterman Stephen 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSeasonal low tide zonation patterns of the sandy beach bivalveDonax deltoidesare described from eleven beaches in subtropical eastern Australia. Ten low tide transects were sampled at equal along shore intervals along the length of each beach. Three quadrats were sampled at each of seven across shore levels on each transect, from the high tide drift line, across the intertidal zone and to the bottom of the low tide swash zone. Zone counts showed thatD. deltoidesshifted towards the low tide swash zone in summer and buried in the intertidal zone in winter. It is proposed thatD. deltoidesmoves down shore in summer to avoid thermal stress in the intertidal zone. This seasonal pattern is important when planning surveys for this species.
Elimination of HSV-2 infected cells is mediated predominantly by paracrine effects of tissue-resident T cell derived cytokines
Authors: Roychoudhury Pavitra , Swan David A , Duke Elizabeth , Corey Lawrence , Zhu Jia , Davé Veronica , Spuhler Laura Richert , Lund Jennifer M. , Prlic Martin , Schiffer Joshua T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying rapid elimination of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) in the human genital tract despite low tissue-resident CD8+ T-cell density (TRM) are unknown. We analyzed shedding episodes during chronic HSV-2 infection: viral clearance always occurred within 24 hours of detection even if viral load exceeded 107HSV DNA copies; surges in granzyme B and interferon-γoccurred within the early hours after reactivation. We next developed a mathematical model of an HSV-2 genital ulcer to integrate mechanistic observations of TRMin situproliferation, trafficking, cytolytic effects and cytokine alarm signaling from murine studies with viral kinetics, histopathology and lesion size data from humans. A sufficiently high density of HSV-2 specific TRMpredicted rapid contact-mediated elimination of infected cells. At lower TRMdensities, TRMmust initiate a rapidly diffusing, polyfunctional cytokine response in order to eliminate of a majority of infected cells and eradicate briskly spreading HSV-2 infection.One Sentence SummaryControl of herpes simplex virus-2 is primarily mediated by rapidly diffusing cytokines secreted by tissue-resident T cells.
Investigating the role of behaviour in the genetic risk for schizophrenia
Authors: Maxwell Jessye , Socrates Adam , Glanville Kylie P. , Forti Marta Di , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos , O’Reilly Paul F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe notion that behaviour may be on a causal path from genetics to psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, highlights a potential for practical interventions. Motivated by this, we test the association between schizophrenia (SCZ) polygenic risk scores (PRS) and 420 behavioural traits (personality, psychological, lifestyle, nutritional) in a psychiatrically healthy sub-cohort of the UK Biobank. Higher schizophrenia PRS was associated with a range of traits, including lower verbal-numerical reasoning (P= 6×10−61), higher nervous feelings (P= 2×10−51) and higher self-reported risk-taking (P= 2×10−41). We follow-up the risk-taking association, hypothesising that the association may be due to a genetic propensity for risk-taking leading to greater migration, urbanicity or drug-taking – reported environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, and all positively associated with risk-taking in these data. However, schizophrenia PRS was also associated with traits, such as tea drinking (P= 2×10−34), that are highly unlikely to be on a causal path to schizophrenia. We depict four causal relationships that may in theory underlie such PRS-trait associations and illustrate ways of testing for each. For example, we contrast PRS-trait trends in the healthy sub-cohort to the corresponding trait values of medicated and non-medicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, allowing some differentiation of mediation-by-behaviour, disease-onset effects and treatment effects. However, dedicated follow-up studies and new methods are required to fully disentangle these relationships. Thus, while we urge caution in interpretation of simple PRS cross-trait associations, we propose that well-designed PRS analyses can contribute to identifying behaviours on the causal path from genetics to disease.