bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the most of scarce data: Mapping soil gradients in data‐poor areas using species occurrence records
Authors: Zuquim Gabriela , Stropp Juliana , Moulatlet Gabriel M. , Van doninck Jasper , Quesada Carlos A. , Figueiredo Fernando O. G. , Costa Flávia R. C. , Ruokolainen Kalle , Tuomisto Hanna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaps of environmental characteristics are needed to improve our understanding of species distributions and ecosystem dynamics. Despite the growing demand for digital environmental maps, scarcity of environmental field samples to be used as input data often constrains the accuracy of such maps, especially for soils.We developed and tested a method that combines information on species–environment associations and the spatial distribution of indicator species (as retrieved from repositories such asGBIF) to improve mapping accuracy of environmental variables.Our approach includes: (a) Compile field data on the environmental variable of interest (direct environmental data) and documented occurrences of the species to be used as indicators; (b) define species optima for the environmental variable; (c) use georeferenced records of the indicator species to calculate species‐based environmental values (indirect environmental data); (d) generate maps using direct and indirect environmental data as input data for interpolation; (e) validate the maps. We applied the method to map the concentration of exchangeable base cations in Amazonian soils using fern and lycophyte species as indicators.Including soil values that had been indirectly estimated using indicator species represented a 12‐fold increase in the number of input data points used for mapping. At the same time, map accuracy improved considerably: the correlation between mapped soil cation concentration estimates and field‐measured values from an independent validation dataset increased fromr = 0.48 tor = 0.71.Knowledge on species–environment relationships can be useful for modelling ecologically relevant environmental variables in areas where species occurrence data are more readily available than direct environmental measurements. The method works even with haphazard species occurrence points obtained from public repositories such asGBIFand can be applied to other environmental variables and other indicator groups, provided that the environmental variable of interest is relevant as a determinant of species occurrences in the indicator group. The Amazonian soil cation concentration maps produced (available athttps://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.879542) can be used as digital layers in species distribution and habitat modelling, and to guide conservation actions in Amazonia.
Editorial: can hepatitis B core‐related antigen be the new biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in nucleoside analogue‐treated chronic hepatitis B?
Authors: Mak Lung‐Yi 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Hosaka et al and Hosaka papers. To view
these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15108 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15156.
Letter: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a history of osteoporotic fractures but not with low bone mineral density
Authors: Bidhendi Yarandi Razieh 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mantovani et al papers. To view these articles,
visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15087 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15181.
“Measure my teeth and you'll know what I ate”: The molar ratio method and an updated interpretation of the diet of Nyctereutes sinensis (Carnivora, Canidae)
Authors: Bartolini Lucenti Saverio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe molar ratio method presented by Acta Zoologica (98, 2016, 292) is a valid way to estimate the dietary differences between extant subspecies of the raccoon dog genus, Nyctereutes. Particularly, higher values of the molar ratio implies more omnivous diet than lower ones. With the same technique is possible to infer variations in the diet of extinct species. For the two Plio‐Pleistocene fossil species Nyctereutes sinensis and Nyctereutes megamastoides, the authors estimate a more carnivorous diet for the latter in comparison to the former that has much higher values. This fact contrast with the morphological features of these two highly comparable species, often considered as morphotypes of the same species. Thanks to the revision of a large sample of N. sinensis from Chinese localities of the Yushe Basin (Shanxi Province), new scores for this species have been calculated. The results presented here confirms a strong adaptation to an omnivorous diet, as emerged from morphofunctional evidence in recent literature.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a salvage therapy for patients with severe primary graft dysfunction after heart transplant
Authors: Jacob Samuel , Lima Brian , Gonzalez‐Stawinski Gonzalo V. , El‐Sayed Ahmed Magdy M. , Patel Parag C. , Belli Erol V. , Makey Ian A. , Thomas Mathew , Landolfo Kevin , Landolfo Carolyn , Leoni Moreno Juan Carlos , Yip Daniel S. , Pham Si M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSevere primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early death after heart transplant.AimTo examine the outcomes of heart transplant recipients who received venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) for severe PGD.MethodsWe reviewed electronic health records of adult patients who underwent heart transplant from November 2005 through June 2015. We defined severe PGD according to International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus statements.ResultsOf 1030 heart transplant patients, 31 (3%) had severe PGD and required VA‐ECMO. The mean (range) age was 59 (43‐69) years. Fifteen patients (48%) underwent prior sternotomy and 10 (32%) received a left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant. Severe PGD manifested as failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in 20 patients (65%) and as severe hemodynamic instability in the immediate postoperative period in 10 (32%), including cardiac arrest in 3 (10%). Twenty‐five patients (81%) were successfully weaned from VA‐ECMO, and 19 (61%) were discharged; the other 12 (39%) died.ConclusionsAlthough VA‐ECMO is a common method for providing mechanical circulatory support to patients with PGD, multicenter studies are needed to assess factors associated with successful outcomes and improved survival of these patients.
Microbiome programming of brain development: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Forssberg Hans 
Published: March 2019

During the last decade, research on germ‐free mice has discovered that the gut microbiome (i.e. the normal bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract) can programme brain function and behaviour during early development. At the same time a growing number of clinical studies have shown altered gut microflora in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in combination with altered bacterial metabolites and inflammatory cytokines being part of the gut‐brain axis. This review covers the concept of the microbiome; how it is established during childhood; how it is affected by malnutrition; how it can programme the development of the brain through epigenetic mechanisms; which pathways are used from the gut to the brain; and assesses findings that suggest the gut microbiome may be involved in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This is a new research field with a number of exciting, but so far fragmented, findings indicating the important role of the normal microbiome in shaping the brain. Research also suggests that disruptions of the microbiome may be involved in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.What this paper adds

The gut microbiome shapes the brain via the gut‐brain axis.

The microbiome may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
First nationwide seroepidemiology and risk factors report of Helicobater pylori in Jordan
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad M. , Roess Amira A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori inhabits the gastric mucosa of humans and causes 89% of all gastric cancers. This is the first study of the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and risk factors for H pylori in Jordan.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 460 healthy participants (aged between 15 and 81 years) proportionately sampled across each region of Jordan. Sera samples were tested for H pylori using Enzygnost® anti‐H pylori immunoglobulin G enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Participants completed a validated questionnaire about potential risk factors including food consumption habits and environmental and animal exposure. Multivariate generalized linear models identified risk factors for infection.ResultsThe results showed a high seroprevalence (88.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.3‐91.2) of H pylori in the study population. After adjusting for possible confounders, age, consumption of raw milk, and location of residence were significantly associated with seropositivity. Older participants aged 30‐49 years had an 11% greater risk of seropositivity compared to participants aged 15‐29 years. Participants who consume raw milk and dairy products have a 9% decreased risk in seropositivity (prevalence ratio = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84‐0.99) compared to those who do not consume these products.ConclusionThis study reports a negative association between consumption of raw milk and seropositivity, and this is in line with several studies that report consumption of raw milk may be protective against H pylori. However, because of the risk of other serious pathogens associated with the consumption of raw dairy products, this study recommends pasteurization of raw milk. Future studies on the effect of fermented dairy products on H pylori colorization in gastric mucosa are recommended.
Nonparametric Kernel Method to Hedge Downside Risk
Authors: Huang Jinbo , Ding Ashley , Li Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a nonparametric kernel estimation method (KEM) that determines the optimal hedge ratio by minimizing the downside risk of a hedged portfolio, measured by conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR). We also demonstrate that the KEM minimum‐CVaR hedge model is a convex optimization. The simulation results show that our KEM provides more accurate estimations and the empirical results suggest that, compared to other conventional methods, our KEM yields higher effectiveness in hedging the downside risk in the weather‐sensitive markets.
Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry Screening Rates Among the Midwife‐Attended Out‐of‐Hospital Birth Community in Michigan
Authors: Withrow Evan , Fussman Chris , Thompson Kristen , Kleyn Mary 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionIn Michigan, pulse oximetry screening rates for critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are assessed for birthing hospitals but have not been assessed for the midwife‐attended births that occur in the out‐of‐hospital birth community. This analysis was conducted to determine pulse oximetry screening rates among the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community in Michigan overall, and among midwives provided with loaned pulse oximeters from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS).MethodsRecords for midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital births between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, were linked via probabilistic matching with newborn screening records. Pulse oximetry screening rates were calculated for the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth population overall, by midwife, and stratified by receipt of loaned pulse oximeters from MDHHS. Births from midwives who attended 5 or more nonhospital births during the study period were included in this analysis.ResultsOf the 3410 midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital births, 20.8% (n = 710) reported as having received a pulse oximetry screening for CCHDs. For births attended by midwives who received pulse oximeters from MDHHS, 50.5% had pulse oximetry screening results reported, compared with 12.7% among births attended by midwives without a loaned pulse oximeter. Of the 78 total midwives, 18% (n = 14) reported pulse oximetry screening results on more than half of the births they attended. Of the 14 midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, 50.0% (n = 7) reported screening results for more than half of all births they attended.DiscussionOur findings indicate that CCHD screening rates are low among midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community. Screening rates were higher among midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, but fewer than half of the attended births had a reported pulse oximetry screening. Further discussions with the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community to better understand screening barriers may be beneficial.
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in the era of next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Tobiasson M. , Kittang A. O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) is rapidly changing the clinical care of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). NGS can be used for various applications: (i) in the diagnostic process to discriminate between MDS and other diseases such as aplastic anaemia, myeloproliferative disorders and idiopathic cytopenias; (ii) for classification, for example, where the presence of SF3B1 mutation is one criterion for the ring sideroblast anaemia subgroups in the World Health Organization 2016 classification; (iii) for identification of patients suitable for targeted therapy (e.g. IDH1/2 inhibitors); (iv) for prognostication, for example, where specific mutations (e.g. TP53 and RUNX1) are associated with inferior prognosis, whereas others (e.g. SF3B1) are associated with superior prognosis; and (v) to monitor patients for progression or treatment failure. Most commonly, targeted sequencing for genes (normally 50–100 genes) reported to be recurrently mutated in myeloid disease is used. At present, NGS is rarely incorporated into clinical guidelines although an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the benefit of using NGS in the clinical management of MDS patients.
Review of craniofacial regeneration in China
Authors: Li Yanjing , Zhang Qi , Xie Xueping , Xiao Dexuan , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAimTissue engineering has been recognised as one of the most effective means to form a new viable tissue for medical purpose. Tissue engineering involves a combination of scaffolds, cells, suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors, and engineering and materials methods. This review covered some biomedicine, such as biomaterials, bioactive factors, and stem cells, and manufacturing technologies used in tissue engineering in the oral maxillofacial region, especially in China.Materials and MethodsData for this review were identified by searches of Web of Science and PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms “biomaterials”, “oral tissue regeneration”, “bioactive factors” and “stem cells”. Only articles published in English between 2013 and 2018 were included.ConclusionThe combination of stem cells, bioactive factors and 3D scaffolds could be of far‐reaching significance for the future therapies in tissue repair or tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the review also mentions issues that need to be solved in the application of these biomedicines.
Racial Variation in Stroke Risk Among Women by Stroke Risk Factors
Authors: Jiménez Monik C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Cook Nancy R. , Kawachi Ichiro , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Haring Bernhard , Nassir Rami , Rhee Jinnie J. , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Rexrode Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
In the United States, black Americans exhibit a greater risk of stroke and burden of stroke risk factors than whites; however, it is unclear whether these stroke risk factors influence stroke risk differently across racial groups.

Methods—
In total, 126 018 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (11 389 black and 114 629 white women), free of stroke and coronary heart disease at baseline (1994–1998), were followed through 2010. Participants completed baseline clinical exams with standardized measurements of blood pressure and anthropometrics, medication inventory and self-reported questionnaires on sociodemographics, behaviors/lifestyle, and medical history. Incident total, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were updated annually through questionnaires with medical record confirmation. Rate differences (per 100 000 person-years) and hazard ratios (HR) based on multivariable Cox models and were estimated.

Results—

Over a median of 13 years, 4344 stroke events were observed. Absolute incidence rates were higher in black than white women in each age group. In age-adjusted analyses, the risk of stroke was significantly higher among black compared with white women (HR=1.47, 95% CI, 1.33–1.63); adjustment for stroke risk factors, which may be on the causal pathway, attenuated the estimate. Racial disparities were greatest among women 50 to <60 years (HR=3.48; 95% CI, 2.31–5.26; rate difference =99) and diminished with increasing age (60 to <70 HR=1.80; 95% CI, 1.50–2.16; rate difference =107; ≥70 years: HR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.10–1.43; rate difference =87;
P
interaction
<0.001). Black women 50 to <60 years remained at significantly higher risk than white women after adjustment for stroke risk factors (HR=1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.83).

Conclusions—
There was a moderately greater risk of total stroke among black compared with white women; however, racial disparities were greatest among women aged 50 to <60 years. Interventions targeted at younger black women may provide the greatest benefit in reducing disparities.
Prediction of Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: van Donkelaar Carlina E. , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Birks Jaqueline , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , Metzemaekers Jan D.M. , Molyneux Andrew J. , Groen Rob J.M. , van Dijk J. Marc C. 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Early prediction of clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is still lacking accuracy. In this observational cohort study, we aimed to develop and validate an accurate bedside prediction model for clinical outcome after aSAH, to aid decision-making at an early stage.

Methods—
For the development of the prediction model, a prospectively kept single-center cohort of 1215 aSAH patients, admitted between 1998 and 2014, was used. For temporal validation, a prospective cohort of 224 consecutive aSAH patients from the same center, admitted between 2015 and 2017, was used. External validation was performed using the ISAT (International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial) database (2143 patients). Primary outcome measure was poor functional outcome 2 months after aSAH, defined as modified Rankin Scale score 4–6. The model was constructed using multivariate regression analyses. Performance of the model was examined in terms of discrimination and calibration.

Results—
The final model included 4 predictors independently associated with poor outcome after 2 months: age, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade after resuscitation, aneurysm size, and Fisher grade. Temporal validation showed high discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.94), external validation showed fair to good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70–0.76). The model showed satisfactory calibration in both validation cohorts. The SAFIRE grading scale was derived from the final model: size of the aneurysm, age, Fisher grade, world federation of neurosurgical societies after resuscitation.

Conclusions—
The SAFIRE grading scale is an accurate, generalizable, and easily applicable model for early prediction of clinical outcome after aSAH.
Two Recent Works on Textual Criticism
Authors: Elliott J.K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere follow two reviews of works within the field of New Testament textual criticism: one is of the final five fascicules of Jean-Claude Haelewyck’s Mark for the Vetus Latina series; the other is of Didier Lafleur’s analysis of a good number of the Greek New Testament manuscripts currently in Tirana, Albania.
Mission and Development: Two New Opportunities and a Continuing Challenge
Authors: Myers Bryant L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore two opportunities and one continuing challenge in the field of mission and development. The first new opportunity comes from the largely secular field of development studies and its growing interest in religion and development. The second new opportunity comes in the form of secular research into what “progressive Pentecostal churches” are doing in the global South in terms of development programming. This unexpected emergence raises a family of new questions as people of faith think about development work. Finally, I will explore the continuing struggle to articulate the role of churches in development programming.
The Crux of a Surrogate Apology: An Evaluation of Norwegian Mission Leaders’ Apology to Boarding School Children (2009)
Authors: Norheim Bård Eirik Hallesby 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article analyses and discusses what constitutes the central difficulty (crux) of a surrogate apology – a corporate apology where a leader apologizes vicariously on behalf of an organization. Starting with a rhetorical analysis of the surrogate apology given by Norwegian mission leaders to children going to mission boarding schools (2009), the article proceeds to evaluate the theological status of such a surrogate apology in the light of forgiveness as a key practice in a theology of missio Dei. Drawing on rhetorical and theological analysis, the article concludes that the central difficulty lies in the aporetic nature of the response. It is therefore essential to acknowledge and address this aporia, even as a theological challenge.
Effect of Smoked Cannabis on Vigilance and Accident Risk Using Simulated Driving in Occasional and Chronic Users and the Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship
Authors: Hartley Sarah , Simon Nicolas , Larabi Amine , Vaugier Isabelle , Barbot Frédéric , Quera-Salva Maria-Antonia , Alvarez Jean Claude 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship between whole blood δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and driving risk is poorly understood.

METHODS
Fifteen chronic cannabis consumers (1–2 joints/day; CC) and 15 occasional cannabis consumers (1–2 joints/week; OC) of 18 to 34 years of age were included. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted with 12 blood samplings over a 24-h period before and after controlled random inhalation of placebo or 10 mg or 30 mg of THC. THC and metabolites were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Effects on reaction time by psychomotor vigilance tests and driving performance through a York driving simulator were evaluated 7 times. A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis was performed using R software.

RESULTS
Whole blood peak THC was 2 times higher in CC than in OC for a same dose and occurred 5 min after the end of consumption. THC remained detectable only in CC after 24 h. Despite standardized consumption, CC consumed more available THC from each cigarette regardless of dose. Maximal effect for reaction time was dose- and group-dependent and only group-dependent for driving performance, both being decreased and more marked in OC than in CC. These effects were maximal around 5 h after administration, and the duration was longer in OC than in CC. A significant pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship was observed only between Tmax for blood THC and the duration effect on mean reciprocal reaction time.

CONCLUSIONS
Inhalation from cannabis joints leads to a rapid increase in blood THC with a delayed decrease in vigilance and driving performance, more pronounced and lasting longer in OC than in CC. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02061020