bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Leptospira Species Serotypes in Iranian Stray Dogs
Authors: Torkan Saam , Momtaz Hassan 
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims: Leptospirosis is a spirochetal disease with public health importance globally. This disease affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Dogs are one of the species most sensitive to Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. The present study was concluded to evaluate the prevalence rate of Leptospira species and L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars in Iranian stray dogs.
Materials and Methods: One-hundred and twenty blood samples were first taken from stray dogs. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory. Sera were extracted from blood samples and genomic DNA was extracted. DNA samples were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples for Leptospira spp. were analyzed for presence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiaeserovars using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
Results: Nine samples out of 120 serum samples (7.5%) were positive for the flagella gene of the Leptospira spp. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in serum samples of male and female dogs were 5.4% and 10.86%, respectively. Prevalence of L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae serovars were 55.55% and 33.33%, respectively. We found that 11.11% of samples were positive for both serovars. Two to three and 3-4 year old dogs had the highest prevalence of Leptospira spp.
Conclusions: The considerable prevalence of leptospirta spp. and also their zoonotic serovars among Iranian stray dogs represented an important public health issue regarding the contact of healthy human with these dogs. Identification of infected dogs and their vaccination can inhibit the distribution of Leptospira spp.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING WEBTOONS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PERFORMANCE ON RECOUNT
Authors: Ningrat Hay Citra , Mayasari Linda 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: This research is talking about the use of Webtoons comic in speaking on the recount. The aim of this research is to know whether this media is effective in teaching speaking on the recount.
Methodology: It is pre-experimental research with one group of pre test - post test. Thirty students in X-5 class at Muhammadiyah 1 high school Surabaya become the sample. The treatments had been done twice, so there are two pairs of results.
Results: The results are administered and calculated by using SPSS 21 for windows (paired T-test). The means of pair 1 are 31.93 (pre-test 1) and 34.77(post test 1). Meanwhile, the means of pair 2 are 32.00 (pre test 2) and 35.77 (post test 2). The sig value for pair 1 is .00 and pair 2 is .00. Based on these figures, it can be said that there is any different before and after the implementation of teaching speaking performance on a recount by using Webtoons. Even the improvement of students’ speaking competence on recount is not much, for the students.
Implications/Applications: Webtoons is an interactive teaching medium which makes them more enthusiastic, comfortable and easily arrange their text to be told.
EMPOWERING STUDENT’S CREATIVE THINKING SKILL IN BIOLOGY CLASSROOM: POTENTIAL OF GROUP INVESTIGATION COMBINED WITH THINK TALK WRITE (GITTW) STRATEGY
Authors: Listiana Lina , Bahri Arsad 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: Creative thinking skills are indispensable for the investigation of a problem, finding and analyzing facts and data in solving the problem. The role of creative thinking in learning to prepare students to be a problem solver. The lack of empowerment of the creative thinking skills of students in the biology classroom can be caused by the non-optimal application of learning strategies.
Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental study designed to explore the effect of GI learning strategies, TTW, GITTW, and conventional learning in empowering creative thinking skills of students in high school. The research sample was 162 students of X grade of science majors SMA Muhammadiyah 1 in Surabaya, Indonesia academic year 2015/2016. Creative thinking skills of students measured by essay test given at the beginning and end of the study.
Results: The results showed that the application of learning strategies affected the creative thinking skills of students. GITTW learning strategy can maximize the creative thinking skills empowerment. Also, note that the strategy TTW could improve creative thinking skills were higher than GI and conventional strategy.
Implications/Applications: The GITTW strategy can be considered to be used by teachers as a learning strategy to empower creative thinking skills.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING BASED ON HANDPHONE FOR COMPUTER SYSTEM SUBJECT ON XI GRADE OF SMKN 1 BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Wibawa Basuki , . Paidi 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of Study: Education has an important role to improve the quality of human resources that made the younger generations could develop their potential optimally. Vocational High School (SMK) is one of the educational institutions that has prepared their graduates to enter the working world. One of the compulsory programs in Vocational High School is the students were carried out on the fieldwork practices (PKL). To provide learning access for students as long as they stayed in the industry area, so it was necessary to give learning on blended learning by using handphone as a learning media. In order to get students’ learning outcomes be maximized, so the development of this learning should be done by applying Research and Development patterns that were adapted from The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Research and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. Blended learning models that would be developed are Norman Vaughan and Flipped Classroom Models. Learning materials were developed are computer system subject. The measurement of result development was done by the formative evaluation that consisted of one to one evaluation with expert, one to one evaluation with learner, small group and field trial.
Methodology: The methodology that was conducted is stages of learning model adopted from Model of The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Reseach and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. The blended learning model that will be developed is the Norman Vaughan model and Flipped Classroom Model. (Helena Gillespie et.all, 2007)
Results: Stages of learning model development that was adopted from Model of The Steps of System Approach Model of Educational Reseach and Development (R & D), Fourth Edition and Seventh Edition by Borg and Gall. The blended Vaughan model and Flipped Classroom Model. Stages of development process as follows:1) Data and Information Collecting, 2) Identity Instructional Goal, 3) Conduct instructional Analyze, 4) Analyze Learners and Contexts, 5) Write Performance Objectives, 6) Develop AssessmentInstrument, 7) Develop Instructional Strategy, 8 Develop and Select Instructional Materials, 9) Revise Instruction, 10) Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction (Gall et all).
Implications/Applications: Development of blended learning based on handphone was appropriate to be used in learning at XI grade of SMK. It was caused that students of XI grade have followed the practice of field work for about 3 months, as long as the students followed the practice of fieldwork, it meant that the learning process was still being applied by using handphone media and learning outcomes showed that there was an improvement in learning outcomes.
Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Et al. Al-Saeedi 
Published: June 2019

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production. This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.
Micro Spectrophotometric Determination and Cloud Point Extraction of Sulphadimidine Sodium in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Drug
Authors: Et al. Dhahir 
Published: June 2019

Two simple, rapid, and useful spectrophotometric methods were suggest or the determination of sulphadimidine sodium (SDMS) with and without using cloud point extraction technique in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The first method was based on diazotization of the Sulphdimidine Sodium drug by sodium nitrite at 5 ºC, followed by coupling with α –Naphthol in basic medium to form an orange colored product . The product was stabilized and its absorption was measured at 473 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (1-12) μg∙ml-1. Sandell’s sensitivity was 0.03012 μg∙cm-1, the detection limit was 0.0277 μg∙ml-1, and the limit of Quantitation was 0.03605μg∙ml-1.The second method was the cloud point extraction (CPE) using Trtion X-114 as surfactant. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (1-12) μg∙ml-1. Sandell’s sensitivity was 0.02958 μg∙cm-1, the detection limit was 0.01745 μg∙ml-1, and the limit of quantitation was 0.028303 μg∙ml-1. All variables including the reagent concentration, reaction time, color stability period, and mole ratio were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. The mole ratio for the composition of product is (1:1). Both methods were effectively useful to the determination of sulphdimidine sodium in pharmaceutical dose form. The attained results were in a good agreement with the official and other methods in the literature .No interference were observed from the commonly encountered additives and excipients.
Effect of Dopant Concentration on the Structural, Optical and Sensing Properties of (SnO2)1-x(TiO2:CuO)x Sprayed Films
Authors: Et al. Mahmood 
Published: June 2019

Spray pyrolysis technique was subjected to synthesized (SnO2)1-x (TiO2: CuO) x Thin films on different substrates like glass and single crystal silicon using. The structure of the deposited films was studied using x-ray diffraction. A more pronounced diffraction peaks of SnO2 while no peaks of (CuO , TiO2 ) phase appear in the X-ray profiles by increasing of the content of (TiO2 , CuO) in the sprayed films. Mixing concentration (TiO2 , CuO) influences on the size of the crystallites of the SnO2 films ,the size of crystallites of the spray paralyzed oxide films change in regular manner by increasing of (TiO2 , CuO) amount. The effect of mixing concentration on the optical properties of the films was also investigated. The reflectance and transmittance spectra in the wavelength range (300-1100) nm were employed to determine the optical properties such as energy band gap (Eg) and refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) , real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants (ε1, ε2) for (SnO2)1-x(TiO2:CuO)x films. The energy band gap omit of which showed reduction from (3.65 to 2.2) eV by reducing of SnO2 amount from (100 to 70) % .The reduction of energy band gap was ascribed to the new tail states introduced in the band gap of tin oxide. The sensitivity of the prepared sensor film was determined resistance difference of the films when exposed to oxidizing gas. The data declared that the mixed SnO2 films have better sensitivity in comparison with unmixed films.
Properties of a Complete Fuzzy Normed Algebra
Authors: Et al. Kider 
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to translate the basic properties of the classical complete normed algebra to the complete fuzzy normed algebra at this end a proof of multiplication fuzzy continuous is given. Also a proof of every fuzzy normed algebra without identity can be embedded into fuzzy normed algebra with identity and is an ideal in is given. Moreover the proof of the resolvent set of a non zero element in complete fuzzy normed space is equal to the set of complex numbers is given. Finally basic properties of the resolvent space of a complete fuzzy normed algebra is given.
Heritage od James George Frazer in the Work of Robert Graves
Authors: Pavlović Tomislav M. 
Published: June 2019

The works of Sir James George Frazer had an outstanding influence on the literature of modernism. Among those who benefited from Frazer’s ritualism were W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot. James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, D. H. Lawrence, Ezra Pound, Mary Renault, Joseph Campbell, Robert Graves and many others. Robert Graves was known for his famous adaptation of Frazer’s concept of the sacred king who is sacrificed for the benefit of his subjects thus forming the narrative frame for the one of his most controversial novels. The dying king is also identified with the poet striving to attain the favour of the Triple Muse Goddess - who represents the embodiment of true poetic inspiration. The aforementioned concept is not the only thing that Graves inherited from his famous ancestor. In our analysis we laid stress on the customs, rituals, magic symbols and deities both authors dealt with. We also observed a striking resemblance of the style Greves and Frazer developed and their euchemeristic approach to myths as well.
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos na rede de cardiologia pediátrica Pernambuco-Paraíba na cidade de Patos-PB
Authors: Dantas Ricarte Diniz Andressa , Negreiros de Siqueira Mariano Nicoly 
Published: June 2019

Introdução: As cardiopatias congênitas, presentes antes mesmo do nascimento, constituem alterações na estrutura do coração ou dos vasos intratorácicos, decorrente de falhas no desenvolvimento embrionário cardíaco, com incidência de oito neonatos afetados para cada 1000 nascidos vivos. Na Paraíba, desde 2011, existe um programa de triagem e seguimento de crianças cardiopatas que vem mudando o cenário da assistência a esses pacientes: é a Rede de Cardiologia Pediátrica Pernambuco-Paraíba (RCP), Coordenado pelo Círculo do Coração de Pernambuco (CirCor). Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos na RCP na cidade de Patos-PB. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, documental e transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no município de Patos-PB, na maternidade Dr. Peregrino Filho, onde funciona o ambulatório da RCP destinado ao acompanhamento pediátrico de crianças com cardiopatias congênitas. A coleta de dados foi realizada em prontuários dos pacientes, a partir da utilização de um formulário, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e sanitárias. Após a coleta, os dados foram armazenados para análise descritiva. Resultados: Dos 398 prontuários incluídos nesse estudo, 301 tiveram cardiopatia diagnosticada, sendo mais comum a comunicação interatrial (CIA), seguido da comunicação interventricular (CIV). A maioria dos pacientes atendidos tinham entre 2 e 6 meses quando realizaram a primeira consulta, eram do sexo feminino e o principal motivo do encaminhamento foi sopro. Conclusão: O atendimento e diagnóstico precoce e a localização da cidade fazem do ambulatório da RCP em Patos um instrumento importante para garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida aos cardiopatas da região e às suas famílias.
Hellp síndrome ocasionando ruptura hepática: Relato de Caso
Authors: Barros Barbara Costa , Rezende Marcelo Bruno de 
Published: June 2019

Hellp síndrome é uma condição que ocorre na pré-eclâmpsia e é caracterizada pela hemólise(H) e aumento das enzimas hepáticas (EP) concomitante à plaquetope- nia(LP). O hematoma hepático e a ruptura da cápsula hepática são uma consequência rara, porém desastrosa da Hellp síndrome. O tratamento da ruptura hepática é classi- camente cirúrgico. O presente relato trata de paciente primigesta, 38 anos, hipertensa prévia admitida para controle pressórico e apresentou hemorragia hepática secundá- ria a Hellp síndrome. Foi tratada cirurgicamente com controle de danos seguido de tratamento definitivo com sucesso. Uma vez diagnosticada e tratada imediatamente e adequadamente, apesar de desastrosa, a hemorragia por ruptura da cápsula hepática pode ter desfecho favorável.
Impacto de Protocolo de Profilaxia para Tromboembolismo Venoso na Qualidade das Prescrições Médicas
Authors: De Moraes Silva Melissa Andreia , Figueiredo Matheus Vilela de , Do Carmo Mariana Helena , Rezende Patrícia Rafaela Leite , Grigório Thyago Silva , Jesus-Silva Seleno Glauber de , Krupa Arturo Eduardo , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza 
Published: June 2019

Introdução: O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV), uma doença grave e potencialmente fatal, encontra-se entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade em pacientes em ambiente hospitalar. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto após introdução de um protocolo de profilaxia para TEV na qualidade das prescrições médicas. Métodos: Pacientes internados em regime hospitalar foram submetidos a questionário estratificado quanto ao risco de desenvolvimento de TEV. Realizado comparação entre condutas tomadas e preconizadas pela literatura, em dois períodos, antes e após a introdução do protocolo. Resultados: Foram estudados 160 pacientes, 72 clínicos e 88 cirúrgicos. Antes da implementação do protocolo 47% daqueles classificados em alto risco receberam profilaxia adequada e quanto aos cirúrgicos apenas 13% dos de alto risco e 54%, do grupo de muito alto risco. No segundo período de estudo, com duração de 3 meses em 2015, após a introdução do protocolo, a prescrição de profilaxia para o TEV subiu para 81,81%, 33,3% e 73,68 % nos mesmos grupos citados. Houve adequação entre a indicação e o uso correto da profilaxia em de 20,69% dos pacientes clínicos e em 18,67% dos cirúrgicos. Após a implementação do protocolo os índices foram de 50% e 34,38% do primeiro estudo. Conclusão: As taxas de prescrições e adequação aumentaram após a introdução do protocolo de prevenção do TEV, no entanto, a despeito dos resultados satisfatórios, mais estudos são imprescindíveis para a identificação dos motivos principais que justifiquem a falta de adesão plena às novas medidas implantadas.
Heuristic D* Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Path Planning of Two-Link Robot Arm in Dynamic Environment
Authors: Raheem Firas A. , Hameed Umniah I. 
Published: June 2019

Finding a path solution in a dynamic environment represents a challenge for the robotics researchers, furthermore, it is the main issue for autonomous robots and manipulators since nowadays the world is looking forward to this challenge. The collision free path for robot in an environment with moving obstacles such as different objects, humans, animals or other robots is considered as an actual problem that needs to be solved. In addition, the local minima and sharp edges are the most common problems in all path planning algorithms. The main objective of this work is to overcome these problems by demonstrating the robot path planning and obstacle avoidance using D star (D*) algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Moreover, this work focuses on computational part of motion planning in completely changing dynamic environment at every motion sample domains. Since the environment type that discussed here is a known dynamic environment, the solution approach can be off-line. The main advantage of the off-line planning is that a global optimal path solution is always obtained, which is able to overcome all the difficulties caused by the dynamic behavior of the obstacles. A mixing approach of robot path planning using the heuristic method D* algorithm based on optimization technique is used. The heuristic D* method is chosen for finding the shortest path. Furthermore, to insure the path length optimality and for enhancing the final path, PSO technique has been utilized. The robot type has been used here is the two-link robot arm which represents a more difficult case than the mobile robot. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method which clearly shows a completely safe and short path.
Motion Control of Three Links Robot Manipulator (Open Chain) with Spherical Wrist
Authors: Alwan Hassan Mohammad , Rashid Zaid Hikmat 
Published: June 2019

Robot manipulator is a multi-input multi-output system with high complex nonlinear dynamics, requiring an advanced controller in order to track a specific trajectory. In this work, forward and inverse kinematics are presented based on Denavit Hartenberg notation to convert the end effector planned path from cartesian space to joint space and vice versa where a cubic spline interpolation is used for trajectory segments to ensure the continuity in velocity and acceleration. Also, the derived mathematical dynamic model is based on Eular Lagrange energy method to contain the effect of friction and disturbance torques beside the inertia and Coriolis effect. Two types of controller are applied ; the nonlinear computed torque control (CTC) and the simpler form of its Proportional Derivative plus Gravity (PD+G) where they are designed to reduce the tracking trajectory errors which tend to zero where the used Kp and Kv gains are 900,60. Also, the RMS errors for tracking a step input of CTC were equal to [2.5E-14, 4.4E-14, 5.0E-14, -4.7E-14, -3.9E-14, -4.6E-14] (deg) and of PD+G were equal to [-1.77E-5, -1.22E-6, -4.28E-6, -8.97E-6, -1.32E-5, 1.05E-5] (deg) for joints one to six, respectively. The results show that CTC is more accurate but requires additional acceleration input and is more computationally extensive and PD+G controller is performed with acceptable tracking errors in manipulator position control applications.
Interprofessional Learning through a Digital Platform
Authors: Vasset Frøydis , Brynhildsen Siri , Kvilhaugsvik Bente 
Published: June 2019

Background: Pedagogical methods that implement mutual learning are referredto as interprofessional learning. The aim of this study was to investigate nursing, biomedical science, and social education students’ experiences with interprofessional collaborative learning through a digital platform.Method: Students from three university colleges met virtually and discussed a video taped interprofessional case. After the project, three focus group interviewswere conducted. Findings: Three themes were identified: interprofessional collaborative learning, the use of a digital platform, and communication in virtual meetings.Conclusions: Interprofessional discussions made students aware of both their own responsibilities and limitations and those of other professionals, in the process of creating a mutual understanding of an interprofessional case scenario. the facilitator is crucial to ensure a safe atmosphere and include all students in the communication process.