bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco-Friendly Building Materials
Authors: Nowotna A , Pietruszka B , Lisowski P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the construction industry has developed an ecological direction, which aims to use natural materials. These materials can be both vegetable and animal origin. Building structures made of such semi-finised products are usualy light, non-destructive for environment, and in many cases made of recycled materials. Such an eco-building model often does not require energy inputs for production. It contributes to the development of energy-saving investments which meet the current technical requirements. These materials can perform an insolating function, like sheep’s wool or cellulose, as well as construction or finishing function made of products like plywood, fibrous materials with an external gypsum or wooden panel or clay plaster with straw. Such products are perceived as healthy and cheap, and in many cases available locally. These solutions can have a significant impact in modern construction due to the increase in the prices of traditional construction products and energy savings during construction and investment use. The article aims to provide basic information about selected materials of natural origin and compare them in terms of hygrothermal research.
External Wooden Constructions – Protection by Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Svora P , Kuklík P , Šrámová Slušná M , Svorová Pawelkowicz S , Ecorchard P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
External wooden constructions have their own place in building industry from ages. The external wooden construction easily degrade due to UV radiation, atmospheric conditions and biological aggressors. We are trying to eliminate the negative impact of degradation factors by wood protection. Types of wood protection include all measures which would protect wood from influences of fungi, insects, weather (temperature, humidity, wind,), natural calamities (fire, flood) and they can be divided into chemical protection and radiation protection. In our paper we will discuss a new solution based on titanium dioxide (TiO2). Titanium dioxide was proved to be an efficient UV absorber and moreover, in its crystalline form, it is able to destroy biological aggressors too. Nowadays, there is no information about the interactions between wooden surface and non-photoactive or photoactive form of TiO2. TiO2 exists in many morphological forms. The planar particles were chosen for purpose of the experiment. They can be prepared as non-photoactive and photoactive. This material was applied on wooden surface in the form of dispersion and created a transparent layer.
Effect of Glass Fibres on the Mechanical Behaviour of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCAs)
Authors: Vandevyvere B , Sierens Z , Verstrynge E , Vandewalle L , Li J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of glass fibres on the mechanical behaviour of concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs). In the test programme, four concrete mixtures with coarse RCAs and glass fibres are manufactured. The used fibres are the CEM-FIL Minibars™ with a fibre content of 5 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3 and 15 kg/m3, respectively. The investigated properties are the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity as well as the flexural behaviour. The latter is determined by the three-point bending test on concrete beams according to the standard EN 14651: 2005+A1:2007 – Test methodfor metallic fibre concrete: Measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality (LOP), residual). Based on the test observations, it seems that the used glass fibres are able to improve the mechanical behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
Whole-Buildings Life Cycle Assessment Sensitivity to Scenario Choices
Authors: Guimarães G D , Zucarato L , Saade M , Silva M , Silva V G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important technique to measure environmental impacts of products and processes and its application to diagnose and optimize whole-buildings’ environmental performance has increased in the past years. However, LCA results carry uncertainties which may limit their utility as environmental decision-making support. Since normative choices are unavoidable within whole-building LCA (wbLCA) modelling, it becomes important to analyse their inherent uncertainty. Recent literature indicates that different material wastage values, lifetime choices and end of life scenarios are the main uncertainties drivers on wbLCA. To understand how these choices influence wbLCA results, we conducted a scenario analysis, to estimate the effects that parameters and input choices produce on final results by describing possible future situations. Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and CML 2001 v.2.05 methods were selected for calculating embodied energy and global warming potential in SimaPro 7.3. Our results indicate that wbLCA outcomes vary greatly with different alternatives for normative choices, and a scenario uncertainty analysis is necessary to understand all implications of its results.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making in the Social Sustainability Assessment of High-Rise Residential Buildings
Authors: Maleki B , Casanovas Rubio M d M , Hosseini S M A , de la Fuente Antequera A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Factors such as global urbanization, scarcity of land, and rising land prices will increase the need for high-rise buildings. Population growth has led to dense life in residential high-rise buildings (RHRB). On the one hand, RHRB have benefits such as the maximization of land use. On the other hand, disadvantages such as ignoring features of cultural context, difficulties in guaranteeing natural ventilation and the high maintenance expenses are considered as their weaknesses. According to previous studies, most current RHRB do not consider social cohesion and local identity. Studies have proven that dimensions of social sustainability have been scarcely considered. The main objective in sustainability assessment of RHRB consist in reducing the environmental impact and increasing the efficiency and residents’ satisfaction. Recent studies have considered modern methods for assessing the sustainability; in this regard, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches are one of the most common alternatives to assess sustainability. The aim of this research is to develop a MCDM tool oriented to specifically assessing sustainability by using the Integrated Value Model for Sustainability Assessment (MIVES). The MIVES approach allows minimizing subjectivity in decision making while objectively integrating economic, environmental and social factors. In this paper, a new sustainability assessment model, which has been specifically configured to analyse social parameters for high-rise residential buildings, is presented. The findings show that most of the RHRB aspects positively affect the characteristics of the buildings and surroundings, while also affecting the psychological needs of humans.
Experiences from the Implementation of the Assessment System for Sustainable Building (BNB) in Germany
Authors: Rietz A , Kerz N , Welsch M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainability is one of the most important challenges for the future. Sustainable building is therefore an important component of the national sustainability strategy in Germany. The Federal Ministry of Building has developed instruments to implement its ambitious goals with the Guideline and the Assessment System for Sustainable Building (BNB). The aim was, to implement federal building on a sustainable basis and to assume an exemplary role for other public clients. This strategy has been successful to date. The combination of mandatory introduction and exemplary effect has motivated some federal states already introducing sustainability assessment with the BNB in their area of responsibility, while others are testing this approach at least with the launch of pilot projects. In order to support implementation, instruments and tools for the application of the BNB were developed as part of the national "Future Building" research initiative. An important step is the introduction of the Electronic Assessment System for Sustainable Building (eBNB). It enables the recording and control of all parameters necessary for the effective implementation of the requirements of sustainable building. As part of an ongoing scientific monitoring, the implementation will be evaluated on the basis of the federal buildings currently completed and certified by the BNB. So far, the BNB certifications show that even high sustainability requirements can be economically implemented.
Linking Together Independent Sustainable Building Development Plans
Authors: Sůra M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The contribution describes two basically independent projects, both claiming to be oriented on sustainable building paradigms. The two projects had investors of two different types – one using public money to the benefit of community, the other was purely private money of a private economic operator. Both investors examined the sustainability in relation to the surrounding conditions and processes, discovered the concurrent existence of the other’s investment plans, and determined overlapping areas of interest.
In the article we describe the overlapping areas, variant solutions intended to improve sustainability for lower costs, the pros and cons of the variants, and the harmonization of both investors’ requirements. This was used to choose the variant best fitting both investors, and finally modify it slightly.
Quality Label in Buildings and Construction – a Green Label Supporting the Sustainability of Buildings in Slovenia
Authors: Tomšič M , Jejčič N , Š Zavrl M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainable actions in the building sector need to be supported by appropriate quality assurance (QA) and control protocols and tools. In late 1990s the first – and to this date the only comprehensive – quality label for construction products and services was established in Slovenia: the Quality Label in Buildings and Construction (ZKG). It is a voluntary green label addressing not only the specific technical characteristics of products and services, but among other also the production process quality, internal QA schemes, regular training and education of staff, innovation and development activities, economic aspects, the impact of the activities on the environment, and the social role of the company in the local area. In this way it addresses the three core pillars of sustainability. The label has gained a prominent status and is being referred to in calls for tenders both in public and private sectors and in national subsidy schemes. The paper presents the structure and content of the assessment scheme and ranking system exposing their core elements. A more detailed approach is presented on the case of a window as a construction product and on the case of installation of windows as a service, underlining the positive role of the label with regard to raising the quality standards in the building sector on the national level.
Flat Roofs Defects – Norwegian Building Sector Perspectives
Authors: Andenæs E , Engebø A , Kvande T , Bohne R A , Lohne J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Flat roof constructions covered with flexible roofing is a common feature on large buildings, as they are robust and require little maintenance. However, faults in flat roof design or their assembly could lead to costly building damages or defects. A preliminary mapping of main risk factors for flat roof defects has been carried out by studying design, assembly, and maintenance practices. This article is based on semi-structured interviews with actors in the Norwegian building sector between September 2017 and March 2018. The interviews did not target a specific subgroup; a broad and explorative approach was instead chosen in order to seek out opinions from all parts of the supply chain. The goal was to map knowledge and attitudes regarding flat roof faults. A point of particular interest concerned the perceived prevalence of substandard constructions due to counterfeit materials or shoddy building practices. It was found that most roof faults could be attributed to aging or design flaws. Counterfeit materials or shoddy workmanship was perceived to be uncommon among large and well-established companies. However, responders from several backgrounds – manufacturer, municipal and university building owners – suspected that such malpractices might be more common among smaller contractors geared towards the non-professional market. As a whole, the Norwegian roofing industry was perceived by respondents as generally trustworthy and compliant with regulations. However, interview responses suggest further research is required on the practices in the non-professional sector.
Two-Stage System for Utilization of Renewable Solar Energy in Modern Building Facade Technology
Authors: Bielek B , Krajčík M , Buday P , Macák M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We research a technical solution for utilization of solar energy in modern buildings with double-skin facades. The solution involves thermal conditioning of cold outdoor air in the physical cavity of the double-skin facade and utilizing the warmed up air as primary air for an air heat pump. The system for utilization of solar energy consists of two stages. The 1st stage involves transformation of the short-wave solar radiation to the long-wave heat radiation in the double-skin facade. This contributes to the reduction of heat losses from conditioned rooms because of the lower temperature difference between the rooms and the cavity. In the 2nd stage the thermally conditioned air is fed in the inlet of the air heat pump during heating season. Computer simulations performed for a cavity of a 4-storey double-skin transparent facade have shown that both the intensity of solar radiation and the air flow through the cavity significantly influence the air temperature at the outlet from the cavity. The air temperature rise in the cavity was ranging from 3.7 K for the solar radiation of 150 W/m2 and the airflow of 200 m3/min, up to almost 23.0 K for the solar radiation of 600 W/m2 and the airflow of 50 m3/min. Even at the least favourable climate conditions such increase in temperature of the primary air leads to a considerable improvement of the performance of the heat pump.
PCM Integrated in BiPV Ventilated Façade Concepts: Experimental Test Cell Platform and Initial Full-Scale Measurements
Authors: Curpek J , Cekon M , Hraska J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recently, a wide range of novel façade solutions directly utilizing solar energy has been described as Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BiPV). However, there are still barriers (e.g. cells’ overheating) to overcome in order to promote widespread application of BiPV concepts. Therefore PV/PCM systems have been already studied to improve the performance of PV, however their integration in building (BiPV/PCM) is still not adequately investigated. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to present one of the viable way of investigation a novel combination of BiPV/PCM. This can utilize PV cells cooling principle at behind of the BiPV layer in ventilated façade. The key research methods are based on the experimental and building energy simulation studies. For this purpose, a specific experimental test platform was developed to provide experimental measurements on ongoing long-term full-scale level in Brno, Czechia. Two types of ventilated BiPV façade are tested there with/without PCM layer behind the PV cells. The paper introduces the test platform which is used for evaluation of specific aspects of integrated PCMs in BiPV management and demonstrates the initial thermal response measurements. The influence of PCMs on the real performance of the BiPV façade and effectivity of application of latent thermal energy storage used on reduction of the peak operating temperatures of the PV modules as well as shifting of air temperature inside the façade cavity is analysed. Finally, the extensive measurements provide real performance data that will be used to verify the building energy simulations.
Potential Benefits of PV-Shading System in Office Buildings and Semi-Continental Climate Conditions
Authors: Skandalos N , Tywoniak J , Stanek K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Solar PV shading devices are good solutions to control daylight and reduce the unwanted solar gains, while generate electricity at the same time. Since thermal, electrical and daylighting performance competing each other, it is imperative to consider specific design criteria to optimize and allow energy efficient level of thermal and visual performance. In this context, the study focus on the optimum design of PV shading devices for typical office building with high fenestration ratio and climate conditions of Prague. TRNsys simulation environment was used for the evaluation of the power and thermal performance of the PV shadings considering various tilt angles, projection depth and orientations. Ecotect/Daysim software tools were used to evaluate the daylighting performance and lighting energy use. Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and Discomfort Glare Probability (DGP) indices were also calculated for indoor visual comfort analysis according to the design configuration. Results were overall evaluated to reveal the potential energy benefits compared to the non-shaded case. The study serves as a guide for the optimum design of PV shading systems.
Determination of Moisture Buffering Capabilities of Common Furniture Materials
Authors: Zemitis J , Borodinecs A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
According to previous existing studies, the building materials can have a high impact on relative humidity fluctuations in a room by adsorption/desorption processes. The aim of this paper is focused to determine the influence of commonly used furniture materials to indoor air relative humidity. The measurements were performed in a controlled environment of the climatic chamber. During the measurements, a stable indoor temperature together with a constant air moistening was ensured. The indoor air parameters were measured with data loggers as well as the periodical weighting of materials was performed, to determine the moisture content of materials. The results showed that the common furniture materials have a very significant impact on indoor air relative humidity. The calculations of the influence were performed according to the mass balance equation comparing the predicted results without considering the influence of materials to the actual measured results from real case studies, therefore estimating the adsorption capabilities of these materials. The influence of these materials to the stabilization of indoor relative humidity can be expressed as a coefficient in mass balance equation depending on the type of material, area, and thickness of material, initial moisture content, and indoor air parameters. The findings of these results can be used in the design stage of indoor climatic systems to more precisely predict the relative humidity.
Solar Aperture of a Building Enclosure: The Case Study of a Well-Insulated Family House in Semi-Continental Climate
Authors: Kopecký P , Sojková K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As thermal insulation of building enclosure has substantially improved over the last decades, solar heat gains comprise more important part in thermal balance of a building in semi-continental climate, often leading to overheating. The quality of the whole building enclosure should be assessed by its ability to transmit solar heat gains. Such thermal characteristic need to aggregate properties like glazing area in each facade, total solar energy transmittance of glazing, the efficiency of fixed shading devices and the operation of movable shading devices. In this paper, the surrogate horizontal effective collector area is used for the characterization of solar heat gains through a building enclosure. The parameter is called the solar aperture of a building enclosure. First, the formula for solar aperture is derived. Then, building energy simulation of a model family house is performed. The correlation of the solar aperture with overheating and space heating demand is analysed. Based on the analysis, the recommended trade-off values of the specific solar aperture are proposed for family houses in semi-continental climate. The trade-off values of the solar aperture will lead to reasonable promotion of solar heat gains during cold season and significant reduction of solar heat gains during warm season.
The Impacts of the Exterior Glazed Structures and Orientation on the Energy Consumption of the Building
Authors: Odineca T , Borodinecs A , Korjakins A , Zajecs D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Buildings use about 40% of the national energy consumption, and approximately 25-30% of this energy is wasted due to inefficient windows. Installation of energy efficient glazing allows significant reduction of cooling load. While increase of hat consumption can be observed in heating period due to significant reduction of solar heat gains. On the basis of computer simulations there were found dependences between overall energy efficiency of the building and such parameters as its orientation, urbanization, and the types of glazing. Building energy modelling (BEM) allows to predict the energy consumption of the building, to find and correct the weak spots in terms of energy consumption and to find the most effective way to use energy saving technologies. The IDA-ICE, chosen as the BEM in the research, is a whole-year detailed and dynamic multi-zone simulation application for study of thermal indoor climate and the entire building energy consumption. The main advantage of the software package is a detailed report for each of the building zones and for the whole building, which includes calculation of heat flows and inflows, maintained temperatures, sources of heat losses and energy costs to maintain a comfort temperature. The variable data are the type of glazing (different window types chosen, with special emphasis on g-value of glass and coefficient of shading) and building’s orientation to the world sides. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of using particular glazing types depending on the building conditions. The developed recommendations allow to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings and to reduce construction costs of new office buildings at the design stage.
The Influence of Heat Gains on the Heating System Design
Authors: Spurny J , Kabrhel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the influence of heat loss of the distribution piping system and the related cooling of the heating water on the design of two-pipe counter-current heating system. The heat loss of the heating water distribution system to the heated room were observed on a reference family house. Consideration of heat gains is particularly important for low energy houses. Moreover, the consequences of heat gains to the room and its effect to the required radiator power output design were solved for case when the piping distribution system is placed visible on the wall and without thermal insulation. The effect is also evident with thermal insulation or embedded pipelines. Furthermore, mass flows and temperature gradients at the same mean temperature were observed on all radiators. This calculation was compared to the results of classic calculation design.