bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity, isolation of active alkaloids, and dereplication of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Gontijo Douglas Costa , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Nascimento Maria Fernanda Alves do , Braga de Oliveira Alaíde 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol extract of Xylopia sericea leaves, Annonaceae, often associated with antimalarial use and to perform a bioguided isolation of active compounds.

Methods
Dereplication of ethanol extract by the UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS technique allowed the identification of the major constituents, isolation and identification of alkaloids. The antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of the extract, fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated against the chloroquine-resistant W2 strain Plasmodium falciparum and HepG2 cells, respectively.

Key findings
Ethanol extract showed high reduction of parasitemia as well as moderate cytotoxicity (86.5 ± 3.0% growth inhibition at 50 μg/ml and CC50 72.1 ± 5.1 μg/ml, respectively). A total of eight flavonoids were identified, and two aporphine alkaloids, anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline, were isolated. Anonaine disclosed significant antiplasmodial effect and moderate cytotoxicity (IC50 23.2 ± 2.7 μg/ml, CC50 38.3 ± 2.3 μg/ml, SI 1.6) while O-methylmoschatoline was not active against P. falciparum and showed a low cytotoxicity (33.5 ± 1.9% growth inhibition at 50 μg/ml, CC50 274.4 ± 0.5 μg/ml).

Conclusions
Characterization of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS as well as its antiplasmodial activity and the occurrence of anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline in this Xylopia species are reported by the first time.
Investigation into the causes of aspirin resistance in healthy dogs
Authors: Haines Jillian M. , Lee Pamela M. , Hegedus Rachel M. , Hwang Julianne K. , Court Michael H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAntiplatelet effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) may be poor in some individuals. Additionally, no method exists for predicting poor ASA response (resistance) in individual dogs. This study's main objective was to determine whether poor ASA response results from pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic causes. ASA concentrations causing 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation (in vitro IC50) were determined using whole blood collected from 21 drug‐free healthy dogs to evaluate intrinsic sensitivity of platelets to ASA. Dogs were then administered ASA at 4 mg/kg once orally. Percent decrease in platelet aggregation from baseline, and plasma ASA and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (expressed as AUC values) were measured for up to 3 hr. By 3 hr, 13/21 (62%) dogs showed >50% aggregation inhibition, while 8/21 (38%) dogs showed <50% inhibition. Aggregation inhibition values were negatively correlated with in vitro IC50 values (Rs = −0.49; p = 0.028) and positively correlated with ASA concentrations (Rs = 0.48; p = 0.03). Furthermore, ASA concentrations were strongly negatively correlated (Rs = −0.88; p < 0.001) with SA/ASA concentration ratios, an index of ASA metabolism to SA by esterase enzymes. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that 59% (p < 0.001) of interindividual variability in aggregation inhibition was explained by in vitro IC50 values (29% of variability) and ASA concentrations (29% of variability). Consequently, poor in vivo ASA response in these dogs resulted from both pharmacodynamic (decreased platelet sensitivity) and pharmacokinetic (lower ASA concentrations) causes. Lower ASA concentrations may be explained by reduced bioavailability associated with higher esterase activities.
Do prey availability, human disturbance and habitat structure drive the daily activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)?
Authors: Yang H. , Han S. , Xie B. , Mou P. , Kou X. , Wang T. , Ge J. , Feng L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe daily activities of animals are influenced by various factors, including their physiological adaptations and preferred habitat distributions, as well as prey availability and human disturbances. For felids, the main drivers of activity patterns appear to be prey availability and anthropogenic disturbances, as suggested by previous studies. In this study, we explore a set of variables that influence the activity patterns of Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces in north‐east China near south‐western Primorsky Krai, Russia. This area is currently the only occupied tiger habitat in China. Prey availability (e.g. wild boar, sika deer and roe deer), human disturbances (e.g. human activity, distance to human settlements and intense forest livestock grazing), and habitat structure were analysed. Our results revealed crepuscular and nocturnal activity of Amur tigers. Although the temporal overlaps between the tigers and their prey species were high, the spatial overlap indices were low. Although the presence of tigers decreased near human settlements, tigers showed a preference for walking along roads. Tigers also avoided high‐elevation coniferous and mixed hardwood forests. Overall, our results indicated that (1) tigers spatially and temporally avoided human disturbances and tigers respond behaviourally to human disturbances and (2) human disturbances may determine the activity of Amur tigers in north‐east China. In the future, to address conflicts between tigers and local humans and to improve tiger conservation, conservation planning should incorporate the spatio‐temporal activity patterns of tigers and humans.
Periodontitis is associated with incident chronic liver disease—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Helenius‐Hietala Jaana , Suominen Anna Liisa , Ruokonen Hellevi , Knuuttila Matti , Puukka Pauli , Jula Antti , Meurman Jukka H. , Åberg Fredrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic liver disease is a major health concern worldwide and the identification of novel modifiable risk factors may benefit subjects at risk. Few studies have analyzed periodontitis as a risk factor for liver complications. We studied whether periodontitis is associated with incident severe liver disease.MethodsThe study comprised 6165 individuals without baseline liver disease who participated in the Finnish population‐based Health 2000 Survey (BRIF8901) during 2000‐2001, a nationally representative cohort. Follow‐up was until 2013 for liver‐related admissions, liver cancer and mortality from National Hospital Discharge, Finnish Cancer Registry and Causes of Death Register, Statistics Finland. Mild to moderate periodontitis was defined as ≥1 tooth with periodontal pocket ≥4 mm deep, and advanced periodontitis as ≥5 teeth with such pockets. Multiple confounders were considered.ResultsA total of 79 subjects experienced a severe liver event during follow‐up. When adjusted for age, sex and number of teeth, hazards ratios by Cox regression regarding incident severe liver disease were, for mild to moderate periodontitis, 2.12 (95% CI 0.98‐4.58), and, for advanced periodontitis, 3.69 (95% CI 1.79‐7.60). These risk estimates remained stable after additionally adjusting for alcohol use, smoking, metabolic risk, serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase, dental‐care habits, lifestyle and socioeconomic status. Periodontal disease‐associated liver risk was accentuated among subjects with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease or heavy alcohol use at baseline.ConclusionsPeriodontitis was associated with incident liver disease in the general population independently of various confounders. As a preventable disease, periodontal disease might present a modifiable risk factor for chronic liver disease.
Lysine propionylation modulates the transcriptional activity of phosphate regulator PhoP in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Xu Ya , Li Yu‐Xin , Ye Bang‐Ce 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPhosphate concentration extensively modulates the central physiological processes mediated by the two‐component system PhoR‐PhoP in actinobacteria. The system serves a role beyond phosphate metabolism, mediating crucial functions in nitrogen and carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolism in response to the nutritional states. Here, we found that the phosphate‐sensing regulator PhoP was propionylated, and thus lost its DNA‐binding activity in vivo and in vitro in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Two key conserved lysine residues 198 and 203 (K198 and K203) in winged HTH motif at the C‐terminal domain of PhoP are propionylated by protein acyltransferase AcuA (encoding by sace_5148). Single amino acid mutation of these two lysine residues resulted in severely impaired binding of PhoP to PHO box. The addition of propionate (to supply precursors for erythromycin biosynthesis) increases the intracellular propionylation level of PhoP, resulting in the loss of response to phosphate availability. Furthermore, simultaneous mutation of K198 and K203 of PhoP to arginine, mimicking the non‐propionylated form, promotes the expression of the PhoP regulon under the condition of propionate addition. Together, these findings present a common regulatory mechanism of genes’ expression mediated by posttranslational regulation of OmpR family transcriptional regulator PhoP and provide new insights into the multifaceted regulation of metabolism in response to nutritional signals.
Earning or Learning? How Extending Closing Time in the Retail Sector Affects Youth Employment and Education
Authors: Bensnes Simon S. , Str⊘m Bjarne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper estimates the causal impact of increased demand for low‐skilled workers on youth employment, and short and long run education. We exploit quasi‐experimental demand shifts for retail workers due to changes in allowed opening hours for retail stores across Norwegian municipalities. We find that relaxed restrictions on opening hours increased employment in the sector and permanently reduced educational attainment for affected high school students. The results suggest that policies or shocks that increase demand for low‐skilled workers in the short term might have negative long‐run effects in terms of reduced educational attainment.
Prognostic value of noninvasive programmed stimulation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Sander Jarosław , Głuszczyk Ryszard , Maciołek Marcin , Futyma Marian , Kułakowski Piotr 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) offers an opportunity to examine vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) by performing noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation (NIPS). Whether NIPS can predict VT/VF recurrences has not yet been established.PurposeTo examine the predictive value of NIPS for identification of patients with VT/VF recurrences.MethodsThe study group consisted of consecutive 105 ICD recipients included in the prospective NIPS‐ICD study (ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02373306) (88 males, age 65 ± 11 years). The patients underwent NIPS using the protocol up to three premature extrastimuli at 600–500‐ and 400‐ms drive cycle lengths. The endpoint of NIPS was induction of sustained VT or VF or completion of the protocol.ResultsVT/VF was induced in 29 (27.6%) patients. During a 12‐month follow‐up NIPS‐inducible patients had significantly more frequently appropriate ICD therapy than noninducible patients (17% vs 4%, P = 0.023). NIPS‐induced VT/VF had a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 17%, and negative predictive value of 96% for identification of patients with future VT/VF. Apart from NIPS, age ≥ 65 years, QRS duration, treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme, history of coronary artery bypass grafting, history of VT/VF prior to NIPS, and prior appropriate ICD therapy were also associated with VT/VF recurrences. Multivariate analysis showed that, together with QRS duration, NIPS result was an independent predictor of future VT/VF. Predictive value of NIPS was significantly higher in ischemic than nonischemic patients.ConclusionsNIPS result is associated with future VT/VF. Noninducibility at NIPS identifies those patients with high accuracy who will have uneventful follow‐up.
Autonomic cardiac regulation after general anesthesia in children
Authors: Venet Théa , Pichot Vincent , Charier David , Scalabre Aurélien , Patural Hugues 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundGeneral anesthesia dramatically decreases the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Most of the hypnotic agents used to induce anesthesia inhibit sympathetic cardiovascular regulation and baroreflex control in a dose‐dependent manner, lowering cardiac adaptability during the operation. The consequence of this effect in children during and after surgery has never been studied to date.AimThe aim of this study was to follow the variations in autonomic cardiac indices in children younger than 8 years old after general anesthesia (6‐24 hours) in programmed surgery.MethodA prospective descriptive monocentric study of 44 children under 8 years old who underwent scheduled surgery at our hospital center (Saint‐Étienne University Hospital, France) was performed between June 1, 2016 and November 1, 2016. Heart rate variability was monitored for 24 hours using Holter‐ECG devices and the resulting data were interpreted using linear and nonlinear analyses.ResultsCompared to baseline thresholds before surgery, all heart rate variability indices decreased dramatically during general anesthesia. After awakening, a slight reduction in sympathetic activity persisted 6 hours after surgery, but all measurements of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity had returned to baseline thresholds 12 hours after the operation. Twenty‐four hours after surgery, some parameters had increased above the corresponding baseline levels.ConclusionAutonomic nervous function normalizes rapidly (within 12 hours) in prepubertal children. This study indicates that general anesthesia does not seem to increase the long‐term risk of autonomic dysfunction in these patients.
A simple care bundle to reduce unplanned admission rate for day case pediatric circumcision
Authors: Stoeter David Joel , Roberts Stephen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundAn electronic review of unplanned day case admission rates in our hospital demonstrated an average annual rate for pediatric circumcision of 2%‐3% in recent years with high levels of perioperative strong opiate use. This lay above target unplanned admission rates (<2%) set out by the Royal College of Anaesthetists for day case surgery. A targeted quality improvement initiative was undertaken to improve patient flow through the pediatric day case surgery unit for elective circumcision. Among the reasons for unplanned admission, factors modifiable by the anesthetist (pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, somnolence) are significant contributors.MethodsA prospective audit was undertaken over a 3‐month period. Our practice was compared with evidence‐based analgesic and antiemetic interventions in accordance the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Perioperative strong opiate administration rates occurred in 44% of cases. Four strategic interventions were selected based on quality of evidence, ease of implementation, and low cost: selection of higher concentration local anesthetic use for penile blocks, intravenous dexamethasone, and preoperative paracetamol combined with maximum dose nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory.ResultsThe audit was duplicated a year later demonstrating a significant increase in application of these interventions with a parallel fall in strong opiate use from 44% to 9% and an unprecedented zero unplanned admission rate in our unit for 10 months in a row after implementation.ConclusionRegular scrutiny of patient electronic data helps identify high impact areas for audit and intervention. Unplanned admission in pediatric day case surgery is an area amenable to such targeted intervention.
Negligible impact of birth on renal function and drug metabolism
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Holford Nick H.G. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundTransition from the intrauterine to the extrauterine environment in neonates is associated with major changes in blood flow and oxygenation with consequent increases in metabolic functions. The additional impact of birth on renal function and drug metabolism above that predicted by postmenstrual age and allometry is uncertain. Increased clearance at birth could reduce analgesic effect attributable to a lowering of plasma concentration. These elimination processes can be described using the clearance concept.MethodsData from four publications that investigated the time course of glomerular filtration rate and clearance of paracetamol, morphine and tramadol were reanalyzed. The effect of birth, based on postnatal age, was used in conjunction with a theory‐based allometric size scaling and maturation based on postmenstrual age.ResultsPostnatal age had a short‐term effect on the time course of clearance distinguishable from the well‐known slower maturation based on postmenstrual age. While elimination might be relatively reduced by 15%‐45% at birth, there is a rapid increase in elimination for 1‐3 weeks after birth to be 15% greater than that predicted by postmenstrual age alone.ConclusionBirth is associated with a small increase in clearance in addition to that described by postmenstrual age for common analgesic drugs cleared by glucuronide conjugation (morphine, paracetamol) or by the P450 cytochrome oxidase (tramadol) and renal systems. While the increase is of biological interest, it would not be expected to have any clinically relevant impact on renal function or drug dosing. The processes of maturation described by these models are potentially applicable to any drug elimination process.
Successful treatment of a traumatic tattoo in a pediatric patient using a 755‐nm picosecond laser
Authors: Jeon Hana , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report a case of successful treatment of a traumatic tattoo in a 2‐year‐old patient. He presented with a green discoloration on the left infraorbital region after his sister accidentally hit him with a face paint brush while playing together. A single treatment with an alexandrite picosecond laser resulted in a complete clearance without any side effects for this disfiguring condition.
Supervisors’ work‐related and nonwork information sharing: Integrating research on information sharing, information seeking, and trust using self‐disclosure theory
Authors: Nifadkar Sushil S. , Wu Wen , Gu Qian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough significant scholarly attention has been devoted to understanding subordinates’ information seeking from supervisors, researchers have not paid adequate attention to information sharing by supervisors. Moreover, research on supervisors’ information sharing behavior has focused almost exclusively on work‐related information sharing, disregarding supervisors’ sharing of information not related to work (e.g., that related to family). Drawing on self‐disclosure theory, we argue that supervisors share both work‐related and nonwork information with their subordinates and propose that these two forms of information sharing are conceptually distinct. Furthermore, to unravel the role of supervisors’ nonwork information sharing, we develop an interactive model to test how it may be associated with important employee outcomes. We conducted pilot studies using five samples and, through a sixth study, tested the hypothesized model using a four‐wave data collection design. This study makes three major contributions to research and theory. First, it integrates information sharing and information seeking literatures. Second, it underlines the importance of supervisors’ nonwork information sharing in organizations by testing its direct and interactive effects. Third, it contributes to theory by presenting trust as a mechanism that links information disclosure in dyads. Results obtained using structural equation modeling generally supported the proposed model.
Persistent inaccuracies in completion of medical certificates of stillbirth: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Higgins Lucy E. , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Whitworth Melissa K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe UK Medical Certificate of Stillbirth (MCS) records information relevant to the cause of stillbirth of infants ≥24 weeks’ gestation. A cross‐sectional audit demonstrated widespread inaccuracies in MCS completion in 2009 in North West England. A repeat study was conducted to assess whether practice had improved following introduction of a regional care pathway.Methods266 MCS issued in 14 North West England obstetric units during 2015 were studied retrospectively. Cause of death was assigned following review of information available at the time of MCS completion. This was compared to that documented on the MCS, and to data from 2009.ResultsTwenty‐three certificates were excluded (20 inadequate data, 3 late miscarriages). 118/243 (49%) MCS contained major errors. Agreement between the MCS and adjudicated cause of stillbirth was fair (Kappa 0.31; 95% CI 0.24, 0.38) and unchanged from 2009 (0.29). In 2015, excluding 34 terminations of pregnancy, the proportion of MCSs documenting “unexplained” stillbirths (113/211; 54%) was reduced compared to 2009 (158/213; 74%); causality could be assigned after case note review in 78% cases. Recognition of fetal growth restriction (FGR) as a cause of stillbirth improved (2015: 30/211; 14% vs 2009: 1/213; 0.5%), although 71% cases were missed. 47% MCSs following termination of pregnancy documented an iatrogenic primary cause of death.ConclusionsCompletion of MCSs remains inaccurate, particularly in recognition of FGR as a cause of stillbirth. Detailed case note review before issuing the MCS could dramatically improve the usefulness of included information; evaluation of practitioner education programmes/internal feedback systems are recommended.
Extended Lagrangian approach for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Dhaouadi Firas , Favrie Nicolas , Gavrilyuk Sergey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation written in hydrodynamic form through the Madelung transform. From the mathematical point of view, the hydrodynamic form can be seen as the Euler–Lagrange equations for a Lagrangian submitted to a differential constraint corresponding to the mass conservation law. The dispersive nature of the NLS equation poses some major numerical challenges. The idea is to introduce a two‐parameter family of extended Lagrangians, depending on a greater number of variables, whose Euler–Lagrange equations are hyperbolic and accurately approximate NLS equation in a certain limit. The corresponding hyperbolic equations are studied and solved numerically using Godunov‐type methods. Comparison of exact and asymptotic solutions to the one‐dimensional cubic NLS equation (“gray” solitons and dispersive shocks) and the corresponding numerical solutions to the extended system was performed. A very good accuracy of such a hyperbolic approximation was observed.