bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate suggests environment‐dependent selection on lizard colour morphs
Authors: Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Sillero Neftalí , Carretero Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe maintenance of polymorphisms is often explained by sexual selection. However, natural selection may also constrain morphs to particular locations, causing geographical variation in morph diversity. In many well‐known polymorphic organisms in which the relevance of sexual selection on the maintenance of polymorphisms is widely supported, the role of environmental factors has been poorly studied. Here, we adopted a population‐level approach to assess the extent to which geographical variation in climate explains morph composition in a colour polymorphic lizard. We predict that rare morphs are more environmentally constrained than common morphs.LocationEastern Pyrenees, Western Europe.TaxonPodarcis muralis (Lacertidae). The species shows up to five discrete colour morphs: white (W), orange (O), white‐orange (WO), yellow (Y) and yellow‐orange (YO). Populations strongly vary in morph composition.MethodsWe modelled the realised niche of each morph and the whole species with Maxent, Bioclim, and Domain, considering 110 localities over a relatively small but environmentally heterogeneous area. Morph ranges were compared to identify differences among their realised niches and local morph frequencies were interpolated to detect intra‐morph geographical variations beyond the mere presence of morphs.ResultsDifferences between morph distributions were mainly associated to temperature seasonality and annual precipitation. While W, O, and WO morphs were found along the whole environmental range of the species, Y and YO morphs were restricted to a subset of the environmental conditions suitable for the species, namely high temperature seasonality and relatively high precipitation. Local frequencies of common morphs also differ among localities, the W morph being more frequent at lower altitudes than the O and WO morphs, which are more locally abundant at higher altitudes.Main conclusionsWe found a remarkable geographical relationship between climate and local morph composition that suggests environmentally dependent selection acting in a different way on common and rare morphs, most likely in interaction with sexual selection.
Swallow (deglutition) syncope: An evaluation of swallowing‐induced heart rate and hemodynamic changes in affected patients and control subjects
Authors: Kohno Ritsuko , Adkisson Wayne O. , Detloff Barry L. S. , Sakaguchi Scott , Benditt David G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSyncope triggered by swallowing is a well‐known but uncommon condition that has been the focus of case reports but is otherwise largely unstudied. To better understand swallow syncope we examined heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) changes during swallowing in clinically suspected swallow syncope patients and asymptomatic control subjects.MethodsThe study population comprised four individuals with a history suggesting swallow syncope (three men, 53 ± 14.9 years) and 15 (nine men, 46 ± 17.1 years, P = NS vs patients) asymptomatic volunteer control subjects. Studies in all individuals comprised noninvasive beat‐to‐beat HR and BP measurement during swallowing 150 mL of cold liquid while standing. Additional tests in swallow syncope patients included: active standing, Valsalva maneuver, carotid sinus massage (CSM), and head‐up tilt (HUT).ResultsSwallowing resulted in a greater decrease of both HR (−22 ± 22.1 vs −3 ± 11.7 beats/minute [bpm]; P = 0.045) and BP (−22 ± 17.4 vs − 2 ± 11.8; P = 0.036) in swallow syncope patients than in controls. Further, in swallow syncope patients the time to lowest HR and BP differed (9 ± 5.5 vs 19 ± 7.2 seconds; P = 0.02), suggesting that both cardioinhibitory (CI) and vasodepressor (VD) mechanisms are present but operate independently. Other autonomic studies were normal in swallow syncope patients except for CSM pause more than 3 seconds in two patients.ConclusionSwallow syncope is associated with transient and temporally independent CI and VD features, consistent with reflex syncope. Potentially, a swallowing test during autonomic evaluation may be useful to unmask relative magnitudes of CI and VD responses, thereby facilitating treatment strategy decisions.
Association between plasma homocysteine and hypertension: Results from a cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis in Beijing’s adult population from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Tao Li‐Xin , Yang Kun , Wu Jie , Mahara Gehendra , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jing‐Bo , Ping Zhao , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: October 2018

Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are associated with elevated blood pressure. However, the causal association between Hcy levels and the risk of hypertension remains ambiguous. Taking the study design effect into consideration, this study aimed to investigate this issue through a cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis. Data were obtained from the Beijing Health Management Cohort study, which conducted routine health check‐ups from 2012 to 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the cross‐sectional analysis, and a quadratic inference function approach was performed for the longitudinal analysis. A total of 30 376 subjects (mean age = 50.0 years) were included in the cross‐sectional analysis, and a subgroup of 3913 subjects without hypertension at baseline was included in the longitudinal analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of hypertension increased with Hcy levels in the cross‐sectional analysis using the traditional definition of hypertension (OR = 1.262, 95% CI: 1.155‐1.378, Q2 vs Q1; OR = 1.458, 95% CI: 1.335‐1.593, Q3 vs Q1; OR = 1.520, 95% CI: 1.388‐1.664, Q4 vs Q1) and the 2017 hypertension definition (OR = 1.159, 95% CI: 1.067‐1.259, Q2 vs Q1; OR = 1.328, 95% CI: 1.221‐1.445, Q3 vs Q1; OR = 1.328, 95% CI: 1.217‐1.449, Q4 vs Q1). The longitudinal analysis showed that hypertension risk increased in the third quartile of Hcy (OR = 1.268, 95% CI: 1.030‐1.560, Q3 vs Q1). Elevated total plasma Hcy may be used as a predictive biomarker for hypertension. Attention should be paid to gender‐specific mechanisms when issuing precise precautions.
Why Do Farm Animal Welfare Regulations Vary Between EU Member States? A Comparative Analysis of Societal and Party Political Determinants in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK
Authors: Vogeler Colette S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the field of agricultural policy, farm animal welfare is gaining importance. At the European Union level, animal welfare policies have been developing since the 1970s. However, national regulations vary considerably between member states. The study provides a systematic comparison of farm animal welfare regulations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK and explores the factors that influence differences by applying theories from comparative policy analysis. Firstly, in four of the five countries the level of societal concern influences animal welfare policies. Secondly, a connection between the level of societal concern and the emphasis of political parties on farm animal welfare is identified. The findings contribute to the exploration of a hitherto under‐researched area in public policy, the field of farm animal welfare.
Meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing clinical and patient‐reported outcomes between extra‐short (≤6 mm) and longer (≥10 mm) implants
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Wang I‐Ching , Barootchi Shayan , Askar Houssam , Tavelli Lorenzo , Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical outcomes of ≤6 mm extra‐short implants (test group) versus ≥10 mm long implants (control group), with and without bone augmentation procedures.Materials and MethodsA systemic literature search of randomized clinical trials was performed using the PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases. A quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted to compare all the outcome variables. Meta‐regression analysis determined the effect of bone augmentation procedures and the influence of other clinical covariates on the results.ResultsEighteen studies comprising 1,612 implants (793 extra‐short and 820 long implants) were selected for the meta‐analysis. No statistically significant difference in the survival rate was observed at 1 and 3 years (p > 0.05). Extra‐short implants displayed less marginal bone loss (MBL) from both implant placement time points (1 and 3 years) and prosthetic placement (1 year), as well as less biological complications, surgical time and treatment cost (p < 0.05). Contrarily, a statistically significant small number of prosthetic complications were reported with long implants (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPlacement of extra‐short implants (≤6 mm) presented as an equivalent option in the treatment of patients with an atrophic posterior arch up to 3‐year follow‐up. However, the long‐term effectiveness of extra‐short dental implants remains to be further studied.
Periodontal disease and incident venous thromboembolism: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Cowan Logan T. , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Lutsey Pamela L. , Folsom Aaron R. , Beck James , Offenbacher Steven , Pankow James S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimPeriodontal disease is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor but few studies have considered the relationship between periodontal disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesized that periodontal disease is independently associated with increased risk of incident VTE.Materials and methodsWe used data from 8,092 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to examine periodontal disease in 1996–1998 and incident VTE through 2011. Periodontal disease was determined using self‐reported tooth loss due to gum disease and dental examinations. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for VTE and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for relevant confounders.Results and conclusionsParticipants were on average 62.7 years old at baseline and 13.9% self‐reported tooth loss from gum disease. Over a mean of 12.9 years of follow‐up, there were 313 incident VTE events. Self‐reported tooth loss due to gum disease was associated with 30% higher VTE risk (HR = 1.29 (0.96, 1.73) after adjusting demographic factors, SES, periodontal risk factors, oral hygiene, and access to dental care variables. No statistically significant associations between clinical measures of periodontitis and VTE were observed after adjustment. Further research is needed to elucidate whether a relationship between periodontal disease and VTE exists.
Dietary therapy and non‐surgical periodontal treatment in obese patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Martinez‐Herrera Mayte , López‐Domènech Sandra , Silvestre Francisco Javier , Silvestre‐Rangil Javier , Bañuls Celia , Hernández‐Mijares Antonio , Rocha Milagros 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe effect of dietary weight loss intervention on periodontal therapy is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether weight loss improves the response of obese subjects to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Materials and methodsThis interventional study in obese patients was conducted at the University Hospital Dr. Peset (Valencia, Spain). Patients were divided into two groups with and without dietary therapy. All participants received non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Periodontal, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 78 patients were re‐evaluated after intervention. All periodontal parameters improved in both groups after periodontal treatment, but the reductions in mean probing depth (PD) (0.23 mm vs. 0.12 mm) and in percentage of sites with PD 4–5 mm (10.4% vs. 5.89%) were significantly higher in the dietary group. Additionally, complement component 3 (C3) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) decreased in the dietary group after intervention. Percentage of change in mean PD correlated with change in C3 (r = 0.233, p = 0.043), and percentage of change in sites with PD 4–5 mm correlated with change in TNFα (r = 0.414, p = 0.012).ConclusionsThis study suggests that dietary weight loss intervention causes a greater reduction in systemic inflammation, which may enhance the response to periodontal treatment.
Clinical evaluation of Miller class I and II recessions treatment with the use of modified coronally advanced tunnel technique with either collagen matrix or subepithelial connective tissue graft: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Pietruska Małgorzata , Skurska Anna , Podlewski Łukasz , Milewski Robert , Pietruski Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo compare outcomes of modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) combined with either collagen matrix (CM) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the treatment of Miller class I and II multiple gingival recessions in the mandible.Materials and methodsThe study encompassed 91 recessions in 29 patients for whom MCAT was combined with CM on one side of the mandible and SCTG on the contralateral one. The following clinical parameters were measured: gingival recession height (GR) and width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized tissue (KT), gingival thickness (GT), mean (MRC) and complete root coverage (CRC) and Root Coverage Esthetic Score (RES).ResultsThe MRC proportions on the CM‐ and SCTG‐treated sides were 53.20% and 83.10%, respectively. CRC was achieved in 9 out of 45 (20%) gingival defects treated with CM and 31 out of 46 (67%) treated with SCTG. There were statistically significant differences in MRC, CRC, GR, RW, KT, GT and RES between CM‐ and CTG‐treated sides.ConclusionsModified coronally advanced tunnel technique leads to reduction in gingival recession both when combined CM and SCTG, of which the latter is more efficient as far as root coverage and aesthetic parameters are concerned.
Periodontitis as a risk indicator and predictor of poor outcome for lacunar infarct
Authors: Leira Yago , Rodríguez‐Yáñez Manuel , Arias Susana , López‐Dequidt Iria , Campos Francisco , Sobrino Tomás , D'Aiuto Francesco , Castillo José , Blanco Juan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between periodontitis (PD) and lacunar infarct (LI) as well as to analyse whether PD could be a predictor of poor functional prognosis in patients with LI.Material and MethodsFull‐mouth periodontal examination was done in 120 cases (patients with LI) and 157 healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, medical and neurological information were collected from all of them. In addition, a measure of periodontal inflammation and disease activity, namely the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was also calculated for each patient. Poor functional outcome was considered as a modified Rankin Scale >2 at 3 months.ResultsPD was independently associated with the presence of LI (OR = 3.3, p < 0.001). Poor outcome was observed in 31 patients with LI (25.8%), of which 90.3% had PD. A PISA value ≥727 mm2 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis, after adjusting for clinical confounders (OR = 6.5, p = 0.001).ConclusionsPD and LI were associated. Active moderate to severe PD predicted poor prognosis in patients with LI. Further evidence is warranted to confirm our results and investigate potential mechanisms behind this association.
Cost analysis of mobile radiography services for nursing home residents in Southeast Norway
Authors: Kjelle Elin , Kleven Linn , Olerud Hilde Merete , Melberg Hans Olav 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectiveTelemedicine applications, such as a mobile radiography service, provide a new way of organizing healthcare services. In order to provide safe and personalised care for nursing home residents during X‐ray examinations, mobile radiography services have been implemented. The objective of this study was to analyse the costs of X‐ray examinations and treatments for nursing home residents when comparing hospital‐based imaging with a combination of hospital‐based imaging and a mobile radiography service in Southeast Norway.MethodsA decision model was developed using the software TreeAge Pro. The model included two alternatives: the mobile radiography service in combination with hospital‐based imaging and hospital‐based imaging alone. The treatment needed based on the examination results could be given either in the nursing home or at the hospital. Probabilities and costs in the model were derived from previous research, various reports, and hospital data from the Southeast region of Norway. Monte Carlo simulations of 1000 residents were run through the model, and statistical analyses were applied.ResultsThe analysis showed a mean cost of €2790 per resident for the hospital‐based service alone. For mobile and hospital‐based services combined, the mean cost was €1946 per resident, including examinations and the immediate treatment given. This difference in costs was significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionA mobile radiography service in nursing homes provides a safe, high quality health care service. The result of this study showed there was a 30% cost‐reduction by implementing the mobile radiography service
What Is a Falls Risk Factor? Factors Associated with Falls per Time or per Step in Individuals with Glaucoma
Authors: Ramulu Pradeep Y. , Mihailovic Aleksandra , West Sheila K. , Friedman David S. , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether visual field (VF) damage or other factors confer a similar risk of falling when falls are ascertained as a rate over time (falls/year) as when ascertained over activity (falls/step).DesignProspective, observational cohort study.SettingClinic‐based recruitment with real‐world monitoring of falls and physical activity.ParticpantsIndividuals with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma (N=230).MeasurementsParticipants recorded falls using daily calendars, with injuries identified in a follow‐up questionnaire. Annual 1‐week accelerometer trials were used to estimate steps. VF results from both eyes were merged to determine integrated VF sensitivity, with lower sensitivity indicating greater VF damage. Other potential risk factors for falls (age, sex, race, comorbid illness, polypharmacy) were determined using questionnaires.ResultsThe cumulative probability of falls was 45.2% at 12 months and 61.6% at 24 months; cumulative probability of injurious falls was 23.3% at 12 months and 40.0% at 24 months. Greater VF damage was associated with higher rates of falls/steps (incident rate ratio = 1.40/5 dB decrement in sensitivity; p = .004) but not with more falls/year (incident rate ratio = 1.25/5 dB decrement in sensitivity; p = .07). Several additional variables (older age, female sex, more comorbid disease) were also associated with a higher rate of falls/step (p < .02 for all) but not with falls/year (p > 0.10). Black participants had fewer falls/year than whites (p = .002) but did not differ in falls/step (p = .07). Similar results were obtained when injurious falls were analyzed.ConclusionsRisk factors associated with frequent falls when walking (falls/step) are not properly identified when analyzing falls as a rate over time (falls/year). Given the clinical importance of preventing falls while preserving physical activity, falls assessment integrated with activity measurement is recommended when determining whether a risk factor is associated with falls. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:87–92, 2019.
Interaction between angiotensin II and glucose sensing at the subfornical organ
Authors: Paes‐Leme Bruno , Dos‐Santos Raoni C. , Mecawi André S. , Ferguson Alastair V. 
Published: October 2018

The subfornical organ (SFO) lacks the normal blood‐brain barrier and senses the concentrations of many different circulating signals, including glucose and angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II has recently been implicated in the control of food intake and body weight gain. The present study assessed whether single SFO neurones sense changes in glucose and ANG II, and also whether changes in glucose concentration alter the responsiveness of these neurones to ANG II. SFO neurones dissociated from male Sprague‐Dawley rats (100‐175 g) were used. We first examined whether glucose concentration modulates AT1 receptor expression. Similar AT1a mRNA expression levels were found at glucose concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mmol L‐1 in dissociated SFO neurones. Glucose responsiveness of SFO neurones was assessed using perforated current‐clamp recordings and switching between 5 and 10 mmol L‐1 glucose artificial cerebrospinal fluid to classify single neurones as nonresponsive (nGS), glucose‐excited (GE) or glucose‐inhibited (GI). In total, 26.7% of the SFO neurones were GI (n = 24 of 90), 21.1% were GE (n = 19 of 90) and 52.2% were nGS (n = 47 of 90). Once classified, the effects of 10 nmol L‐1 ANG II on the excitability of these neurones were tested, with 52% of GE (n = 10 of 19), 71% of GI (n = 17 of 24) and 43% of nGS (n = 20 of 47) neurones being ANG II sensitive. Finally, we tested whether acute changes in glucose concentration modified the response to ANG II and showed that some neurones (4/17) only respond to ANG II at 10 mmol L‐1 glucose. Our data demonstrate that the same SFO neurone can sense glucose and ANG II and that acute changes in glucose concentration may change ANG II responsiveness.
Use of calcium hydroxylapatite in the upper third of the face: Retrospective analysis of techniques, dilutions and adverse events
Authors: Van Loghem Jani A. J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCalcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) is a commonly used soft tissue filler for aesthetic facial improvement, in particular for the lower and mid‐face. The golden standard for upper facial filler indications is hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. In this report we investigate the safety, efficacy and complication rates after injections of CaHA to the upper third of the face using a variety of different techniques. This was a retrospective analysis performed on patients who had received CaHA in 2016 and 2017 at various dilutions in the upper third of the face (frontal area, eyebrows and temporal hollows) using a number of injection techniques and both blunt‐tipped cannulas as well as sharp needles. Records of adverse events and side effects were studied. Seventy patients had been injected with CaHA in the upper third of the face. There were 36 treatments to the frontal area, most with a cannula in the subgaleal space with standard dilution of CaHA (16.7% lidocaine containing epinephrine). There were 13 treatments to the brow, mostly with a cannula and multilevel technique, and 66 treatments to the temporal hollows, mostly with a cannula in the interfascial space with standard CaHA dilution. No serious complications were recorded. CaHA was effective and well‐tolerated for a range of upper‐face indications. More (prospective) research is required to further determine the value of CaHA treatments in these areas.