bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Débats politiques et prise de parole citoyenne : la création de la Société nationale de l’amiante
Authors: Savard Stéphane 
Published: August 2018

Le débat entourant la création de la Société nationale de l’amiante (SNA) en 1978, dernière intervention d’envergure dans le secteur des richesses naturelles à l’époque de la Révolution tranquille, s’inscrit dans un contexte particulier. Pourtant favorable au principe de démocratie participative qui transcende les grands processus d’audiences publiques mis sur pied depuis son élection, le gouvernement Lévesque se montre réticent à faire de même pour sa toute nouvelle politique de l’amiante, dont le projet de loi 70 mettant sur pied la SNA représente la principale pièce maîtresse. Pourquoi? L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les débats politiques entourant le projet de création de la SNA et d’étudier la prise de parole citoyenne qui s’exprime lors du processus balisé d’audiences publiques en commission parlementaire. Si l’article montre une profonde division entre les responsables politiques du gouvernement Lévesque et ceux des partis d’Opposition, ces derniers employant même la tactique parlementaire de filibuster afin d’exprimer leur malaise devant le projet de nationalisation partielle de l’amiante, il souligne toutefois un relatif consensus auprès des groupes et organismes régionaux qui interviennent sur invitation à la Commission afin de donner leur appui partiel ou quasi-total au projet de loi. Ce faisant, l’article analyse le rôle joué par la prise de parole citoyenne dans le débat parlementaire sur la nationalisation de l’amiante, expliquant ainsi à quel point il a servi le gouvernement Lévesque dans son processus de prise de décision étatique.
“A Deplorable Speech”: The Liberal Party vs. Anti-Catholicism during the Alexander Mackenzie Administration, 1873–1878
Authors: Forbes James 
Published: August 2018

After decades of raising the “no popery” cry and fighting for the strict separation of church and state, Canada’s Liberal Party leaders began in the 1870s to distance themselves from their previous reputation for anti-Catholicism and from their hardline approach to church-state policy. This article examines the Alexander Mackenzie administration’s response to the Argenteuil Speech of 1875, in which Liberal cabinet minister Lucius Huntington called for all Protestants to unite with liberal Catholics to challenge the Roman Catholic Church’s rising political influence in Canada. Although several prominent Protestants applauded the speech, and Prime Minister Mackenzie himself privately admitted his agreement, the administration publicly condemned the speech as anti-Catholic and effectively crushed Huntington’s vision for the party. By forcing the party leaders to choose between their historic principles and their broader electoral appeal, Huntington’s “deplorable speech” facilitated a turning point in the Liberal Party’s approach to religious matters.
Second cancer risk after radiation therapy of ependymoma using the flattening filter free irradiation mode of a linear accelerator
Authors: Alvarez Moret Judit , Obermeier Tina , Pohl Fabian , Loeschel Rainer , Koelbl Oliver , Dobler Barbara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPediatric patients suffering from ependymoma are usually treated with cranial or craniospinal three‐dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Intensity‐modulated techniques spare dose to the surrounding tissue, but the risk for second malignancies may be increased due to the increase in low‐dose volume. The aim of this study is to investigate if the flattening filter free (FFF) mode allows reducing the risk for second malignancies compared to the mode with flattening filter (FF) for intensity‐modulated techniques and to 3DCRT. A reduction of the risk would be advantageous for treating pediatric ependymoma. 3DCRT was compared to intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with and without flattening filter. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) were compared to evaluate the plan quality and used to calculate the excess absolute risk (EAR) to develop second cancer in the brain. Dose verification was performed with a two‐dimensional (2D) ionization chamber array and the out‐of‐field dose was measured with an ionization chamber to determine the EAR in peripheral organs. Delivery times were measured. Both VMAT and IMRT achieved similar plan quality in terms of dose sparing in the OAR and higher PTV coverage as compared to 3DCRT. Peripheral dose in low‐dose region, which is proportional to the EAR in organs located in this region, for example, gonads, bladder, or bowel, could be significantly reduced using FFF. The lowest peripheral EAR and lowest delivery times were hereby achieved with VMATFFF. The EAR calculated based on DVH in the brain could not be reduced using FFF mode. VMATFFF improved the target coverage and homogeneity and kept the dose in the OAR similar compared to 3DCRT. In addition, delivery times were significantly reduced using VMATFFF. Therefore, for radiotherapy of ependymoma patients, VMATFFF may be considered advantageous for the combination of Elekta Synergy linac and Oncentra External Beam planning system used in this study.
Effect of Symmetry Breaking on Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Electrical Conduction in SrRuO3–PrMnO3 Superlattices
Authors: Sahoo Antarjami , Prellier Wilfrid , Padhan Prahallad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe breaking of orthorhombic to tetragonal crystal symmetry is realized by increasing the PrMnO3 layer thickness in the superlattices consisting two ferromagnets, SrRuO3 and PrMnO3. The octahedral rotation pattern is a+c−c− and a0a0c− type for the superlattices with orthorhombic and tetragonal phase, respectively, inferred in the simulated projected density of states. The 15% reduction in orbital occupancy due to the a0a0c− type octahedral rotation compared to that of the a+c−c− type suggests the presence of stronger antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling. The larger orbital overlapping leads to a stronger spin–orbit coupling, associated with a shift of 42.8% of the minor in‐plane field cooled (FC) magnetic hysteresis loop(M(H)) along the magnetization axis in orthorhombic superlattices. While, minor in‐plane FC M(H) shifts along the field axis due to the strong AFM coupling in tetragonal superlattices. In field‐dependent magnetoresistance, the rotation of spins in the antiferromagnetically coupled interfacial layers is detected as a unique anomaly, which is stronger in the superlattices for the biased spins and tetragonal symmetry than the pinned spins and orthorhombic symmetry. The results demonstrate that the tuning of interfacial exchange coupling and spin‐dependent transport by controlling structural distortion could be used as a tool in fabricating modern spintronics‐based devices.
Recent Advances in Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation and Alkyne Annulation Reactions
Authors: Duarah G. , Kaishap P. P. , Begum T. , Gogoi S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the last few decades, the transition metal‐catalyzed activation of inert C−H bonds has led to a fundamental change in the field of synthetic chemistry. Most of these C−H activation reactions deal with simple functionalizations or additions. However, recent years have witnessed an increase of the transition metal‐catalyzed activation of C−H bond and annulation reactions. These annulation reactions are appealing to the organic chemist as they afford highly valuable cyclic compounds in a rapid and sustainable manner from readily available compounds. This review article attempts to highlight the recent advances in the ruthenium metal‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and alkyne annulation reactions.magnified image
Recent Developments in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Dearomative Cyclizations of Indoles as Dipolarophiles for the Construction of Indolines
Authors: Huang Guanghao , Yin Biaolin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFused polycyclic indoline skeletons are found in many natural products and bioactive molecules. Several approaches, including dearomative cyclization of functionalized indoles, have been developed for the rapid synthesis of these skeletons. As a result of extensive research over the past few decades, numerous elegant and efficient protocols for the transition metal‐catalyzed dearomative cyclization of indoles to afford indolines have been reported, and recent developments in this area are discussed in detail in this review.magnified image
Ruthenium (II)‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Free Coupling/Cyclization of Benzimidates and Sulfoxonium Ylides to Form Substituted Isoquinolines
Authors: Shi Xinxia , Wang Rongchao , Zeng Xiaofei , Zhang Yilan , Hu Huiling , Xie Chunsong , Wang Min 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed direct mono‐C−H functionalization/annulation cascade reaction of benzimidates and sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly with a broad range of substrates, giving access to a variety of isoquinoline derivatives in moderate to good yields using an organic acid additive under oxidant free conditions.magnified image
Large‐Area CVD‐Grown MoS2 Driver Circuit Array for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Display
Authors: Woo Youngjun , Hong Woonggi , Yang Sang Yoon , Kim Ho Jin , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Lee Jae Eun , Lee Khang June , Kang Taegyu , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: August 2018

Abstract2D‐layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are promising materials for next‐generation active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display technology owing to their high mobility and large bandgap size. However, practical applications of TMDCs in driving circuits for flexible displays remain challenging because of the lack of high‐quality large‐area thin films and suitable fabrication processes. Here, millimeter‐scale large‐area bilayer or trilayer MoS2 thin films are synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and an AMOLED driver circuit array consisting of bottom‐gate staggered CVD‐grown MoS2 thin‐film transistors is fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate. The flexible driver circuit exhibits a stable switching and driving operation under tensile strain induced by a bending radius of 3.5 mm, showing field‐effect mobilities of up to ≈9 cm2 V−1 s−1, large ON‐state current density (up to ≈5 µA µm−1), and high ON/OFF‐state drain current ratio (maximum value of over 108) with an operating gate voltage below 10 V. The results demonstrate that MoS2 backplanes are among the promising candidates for next‐generation deformable and transparent AMOLED displays.
Kann ein Keton reaktiver als ein Aldehyd sein? Katalytische asymmetrische Synthese von substituierten Tetrahydrofuranen
Authors: Lee Sunggi , Bae Han Yong , List Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractO‐Heterocyclen mit tetrasubstituiertem stereogenem Zentrum entstehen in einer katalytischen, chemo‐ und enantioselektiven nukleophilen Addition von Silylketenacetalen an Ketoaldehyde, bei der das Keton bevorzugt reagiert. 5‐ und 6‐Ringe mit aromatischen oder aliphatischen Substituenten werden erhalten. Außerdem werden 2,2,5‐trisubstituierte und 2,2,5,5‐tetrasubstituierte Tetrahydrofurane mit exzellenten Stereoselektivitäten synthetisiert. Der synthetische Nutzen der beschriebenen Methode wird durch die dreistufige Synthese der Seitenkette von Anhydroharringtonin demonstriert.
Unterbrechung der Aromatizität mittels Aminokatalyse: Eine einfache Strategie für die asymmetrische Synthese
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Skrzyńska Anna , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn den letzten rund 20 Jahren haben sich katalytische Reaktionen, die durch primäre oder sekundäre Amine vermittelt werden, als sehr nützliche Methoden für die organische Chemie erwiesen. In jüngster Zeit wurde das Potenzial solcher Synthesestrategien mithilfe des Prinzips des Aromatizitätsbruchs erheblich erweitert. Neuartige Reaktionsweisen sind nun durch die intermediäre Bildung von aus (hetero)aromatischen Systenem abgeleiteten Polyenamin‐Intermediaten zugänglich. Das richtige Design der Carbonyl‐Ausgangsverbindungen in Kombination mit der hohen stereochemischen Effizienz der gut etablierten Aminokatalysatoren ermöglichte die Synthese von Produkten mit (hetero)aromatischen Molekülgerüsten in hoch enantio‐ und diastereomerenangereicherter Form. In diesem Kurzaufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über die jüngsten Fortschritte in diesem Gebiet und stellen neue Möglichkeiten der Synthese mithilfe dieser interessanten Methoden vor.
Breaking Aromaticity with Aminocatalysis: A Convenient Strategy for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Skrzyńska Anna , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the turn of the millennium, catalytic reactions promoted by primary or secondary amines have emerged as a highly useful method for organic chemistry. Very recently, the potential of such synthetic strategies has been vastly expanded by incorporating the principle of aromaticity breaking. Novel reaction pathways can now be accessed through the intermediacy of polyenamine intermediates derived from (hetero)aromatic systems. The proper design of carbonyl starting materials, combined with the high stereochemical efficiency provided by well‐established aminocatalysts, has enabled the synthesis of products with (hetero)aromatic frameworks in highly enantio‐ and diastereomerically enriched form. In this Minireview, we provide an overview of recent advances in this field of research and familiarize the reader with new synthetic opportunities offered by these interesting methodologies.
Intensive EELS study of epoxy composites reinforced by graphene‐based nanofillers
Authors: Liu Yu , Hamon Ann‐Lenaig , Fan Benhui , He Delong , Haghi‐Ashtiani Paul , Reiss Thomas , Bai Jinbo 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA detailed analysis of composites with epoxy matrix and three types of graphene‐based nanofillers combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy was reported here. The composites were prepared by a three‐roll milling method and the nanofillers were well dispersed in the matrix, as confirmed by SEM and scanning transmission electron microscopy observation. Mass density profiles through the interface from the matrix to the nanofillers were obtained thanks to the plasmon energy values measured from the low‐loss spectra. The core‐loss spectra revealed the chemical bonding states of different phase regions and identified the different chemical composition of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) in GNPs/epoxy and GNP‐CNTs/epoxy composites. Energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping was also conducted to further confirm the components in different phase regions. The successful characterization of the chemical structure and the bonding states paves the way for a better understanding of the structure–property relationships in composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46748.
Electrical and thermal phenomena in low‐density polyethylene/carbon black composites near the percolation threshold
Authors: Azizi Sohrab , David Eric , Fréchette Michel F. , Nguyen‐Tri Phuong , Ouellet‐Plamondon Claudiane M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/carbon black (CB) composites were fabricated via melt‐compounding technique. The percolation threshold was found to be around 20 wt % CB, and an electrical network formed by conductive CB was proven by scanning electron microscopy investigation. Dielectric responses depicted an interfacial relaxation peak at 20 wt % CB content. LDPE/CB composites showed an electric field‐dependent conductivity as and a hysteresis behavior around the percolation threshold region. The CB particles with high thermal conductivity increased the heat conductance of the LDPE/CB20 up to 56%. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the LDPE/CB composites exhibited a noticeable contribution of CB throughout the composites, increasing the storage and loss modulus. The physical interactions between CB particles in the filler network enhanced the thermal degradation of the LDPE/CB25 composite for more than 76°C. The maximum breakdown strength of the LDPE/CB composites appeared with an approximately 10% improvement for LDPE/CB5 than pure LDPE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47043.
A Chemometric Analysis of Compounds from Native New Zealand Medicinal Flora
Authors: Pilkington Lisa I. , Yang Xue , Liu Meng‐Wen , Hemar Yacine , Brimble Margaret A. , Reynisson Jóhannes 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral hundred (396) compounds from New Zealand flora with medicinal properties were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. It was found that approximately 10 % fulfilled all the requirements to be considered to be lead‐like, over half of the compounds were deemed to be in the drug‐like space and ≈75 % were in the known drug space. These results indicate the presence of a significant proportion of compounds that are of particular interest to pursue as potential lead compounds or therapeutics. Additionally, compound classes were analyzed separately—most carbonyl‐containing compounds (aldehydes, ketones, esters and lactones), along with phenols were the most lead‐like compounds, which also displayed very good proportions in the drug‐like and known drug space. The information presented herein can be harnessed and utilized in future work, through focussing on the compounds and compound classes that exhibit high‐levels of lead‐likeness for further development.
Techno‐economic assessment of carboxylic acids, furfural, and pellet production in a pine sawdust biorefinery
Authors: Clauser Nicolás M. , Gutiérrez Soledad , Area María C. , Felissia Fernando E. , Vallejos María E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPine sawdust is an important lignocellulosic waste from the primary industrialization of wood, and its valorization using the biorefinery concept could add new value chains to the forest industry. Compared with large‐scale biorefineries, small‐scale ones involve lower capital and logistics costs, lower risk, and can increase the use of labor in rural areas. A scheme was proposed for the use of the hemicelluloses obtained from the spent liquor of a steam explosion pretreatment of pine sawdust. With the proposed scheme, levulinic acid (LA), formic acid (FA), acetic acid and furfural are obtained from the liquid fraction while pellets are produced from the solid fraction. This pine sawdust biorefinery allows about 747 kg of pellets, 57 kg of LA, 23 kg of FA, 18 kg of acetic acid, and 22 kg of furfural per 1000 kg of dry sawdust to be obtained. The energy used for LA production is one of the main production costs. When 95% of the residual solid is used to generate steam, there is an improvement in the internal rate of return (IRR). The heat integration allows a reduction of 10% in the steam consumption for LA, increasing the capacity for pellet production. The results obtained are therefore essential when seeking alternatives for pine sawdust biorefineries, focusing on the improvement of the production processes, satisfaction of energy requirements, and the reduction of the recovery costs. Three alternatives for the valorization of pine sawdust were analyzed and the best of them obtained an IRR of about 17%. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Conversion of Sugars and Biomass to Furans Using Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biphasic Solvent Systems
Authors: Romo Joelle E. , Bollar Nathan V. , Zimmermann Coy J. , Wettstein Stephanie G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWithin the last decade, interest in using biphasic systems for producing furans from biomass has grown significantly. Biphasic systems continuously extract furans into the organic phase, which prevents degradation reactions and potentially allows for easier separations of the products. Several heterogeneous catalyst types, including zeolites, ion exchange resins, niobium‐based, and others, have been used with various organic solvents to increase furan yields from sugar dehydration reactions. In this minireview, we summarized the use of heterogeneous catalysts in biphasic systems for furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural production from the past five years, highlighting trends in chemical and physical properties that effect catalytic activity. Additionally, the selection of an organic solvent for a biphasic system is extremely important and we review and discuss properties of the most commonly used organic solvents.
Exploring Atypical Fluorine–Hydrogen Bonds and Their Effects on Nucleoside Conformations
Authors: O'Reilly Daniel , Stein Robin S. , Patrascu Mihai Burai , Jana Sunit Kumar , Kurian Jerry , Moitessier Nicolas , Damha Masad J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability of fluorine to serve as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor has been debated for many years. Short fluorine–hydrogen contacts are thought to play a key role in stabilizing some complex supramolecular systems. To directly probe the existence of fluorine–hydrogen bonds, we have performed NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling on a series of C2′‐fluorinated nucleosides. Specifically, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) analysis and [19F,1H] HMBC NMR experiments provided direct evidence for a C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond in a 2′‐F,4′‐C‐α‐alkyl‐ribonucleoside analogue. This interaction was also supported by QTAIM and NBO analyses, which confirmed a bond critical point for the C−H⋅⋅⋅F interaction (0.74 kcal mol−1). In contrast, although conformational analysis and NMR experiments of 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐arabinonucleosides indicated a close proximity between the 2′‐fluorine and the H6/8 protons of the nucleobase, molecular simulations did not provide evidence for a C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond.
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reactions of β‐Naphthols with Donor–Acceptor Aminocyclopropanes
Authors: Zhu Man , Wang Dong‐Chao , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of β‐naphthols with donor–acceptor aminocyclopropane was developed. In the presence of a copper complex derived from Cu(OTf)2 and bisoxazoline, a series of γ‐substituted γ‐aminobutyric acid derivatives were obtained with good yields (up to 98 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 %). Using this catalytic system, the 2‐amino cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate was obtained with high enantiomeric excess (up to 98 %) by an efficient kinetic resolution (s values of up to 90). The Friedel–Crafts alkylation product could be transformed into a tetracyclic 1,3‐oxazine derivative.