bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Simulating Grain Productivity During the Wheat Development Considering Biological And Environmental Indicators
Authors: De Mamann Ângela Teresinha Woschinski , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , Binelo Manuel Osório , Scremin Osmar Bruneslau , Kraisig Adriana Roselia , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Pereira Laura Mensch , Berlezi Julio Daronco , Argenta Claudia Vanessa 
Published: August 2019

The artificial neural networks modeling might simulate the efficiency of wheat grain yield involving biological and environmental conditions during the development cycle. Considering the main succession systems in wheat crop in Brazil, the study aimed to adapt an artificial neural network architecture capable of predict the wheat grain productivity throughout the growth cycle, involving nitrogen and non-linearity of maximum air temperature and rainfall. The field experiment was conducted in two successions systems (soybean/wheat and maize/wheat) in 2017 and 2018, the trial design was in a randomize blocs with eight replicate in the level 0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 N-fertilizer doses in the phenological stage of third fully expanded leaves. Every 30 day of the development cycle were obtained the biomass yield, maximum air temperature and accumulated rainfall information. The perceptron multi-layered artificial neural networks with backpropagation algorithm with network architecture 5-8-1 and 5-7-1 in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat system respectively, is able to simulate the wheat grain yield involving the nitrogen dose at top-dressing and the non-linearity of maximum air temperature and rainfall with biomass information obtained during the cycle crop.
Design of base-isolated buildings
Authors: Pietra Dario , Pampanin Stefano , Mayes Ron L. , Wetzel Nicholas G. , Feng Demin 
Published: August 2019

Base isolation is arguably the most reliable method for providing enhanced protection of buildings against earthquake-induced actions, by virtue of a physical separation between the structure and the ground through elements/devices with controlled force capacity, significant lateral deformation capacity and (often) enhanced energy dissipation. Such a design solution has shown its effectiveness in protecting both structural and non-structural components, hence preserving their functionality even in the aftermath of a major seismic event.
Despite lead rubber bearings being invented in New Zealand almost forty years ago, the Christchurch Women’s hospital was the only isolated building in Christchurch when the Canterbury earthquake sequence struck in 2010/11. Furthermore, a reference code for designing base-isolated buildings in New Zealand is still missing. The absence of a design standard or at least of a consensus on design guidelines is a potential source for a lack of uniformity in terms of performance criteria and compliance design approaches. It may also limit more widespread use of the technology in New Zealand.
The present paper provides an overview of the major international codes (American, Japanese and European) for the design of base-isolated buildings. The design performance requirements, the analysis procedures, the design review process and approval/quality control of devices outlined in each code are discussed and their respective pros and cons are compared through a design application on a benchmark building in New Zealand. The results gathered from this comparison are intended to set the basis for the development of guidelines specific for the New Zealand environment.
Forskningsformidlingens veje og vildveje
Authors: Kajberg Leif 
Published: August 2019

ANMELDELSE:Jørgen Burchardt: Hvidbog om dansk forskningsformidling: Viden giver velstand. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2007. 56 s. ISBN 978-87-7674-233-1. Jørgen Burchardt: Fra universitet til samfund: Forskningsformidlingens infrastruktur. Bilag 1 til Hvidbog om dansk forskningsformidling. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2007. 186 s. ISBN 978-87-7674-234-8 Jørgen Burchardt: Selskaber og tidsskrifter: Forskningsformidlingens infrastruktur. Bilag 2 til Hvidbog om dansk forskningsformidling. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2007. 484 s. 978-87-7674-235-5
Kritik af evidensbevægelsen
Authors: Johannsen Carl Gustav 
Published: August 2019

Denne artikel har som formål at præsentere en række af de kritikpunkter, der fra forskellig side herhjemme har været rettet mod evidensprincipperne og evidensbevægelsen i perioden fra midten af ’90erne til i dag. Herudover vil evidensteoriens relationer og berøringsflader til en række udvalgte samfundsvidenskabelige teorier blive behandlet. Artiklen vil lægge hovedvægten på den kritik mod og den debat, der har været om evidensbevægelsen inden for uddannelsessektoren. Udover at systematisere i forhold til og referere til en række forskellige kritikpunkter vil argumenter og svar fra evidensbevægelsen også blive inddraget med henblik på at rette fejl og opklare eventuelle misforståelser. Det er en grundlæggende antagelse hos forfatteren af artiklen, at kritikken af evidensbaseret praksis i flere tilfælde bygger på misforståelser bl.a. i forhold til formålet med evidensbasering.
Den rådne banan på kort : Visuel literacy - fra billeder til viden
Authors: Brodersen Lars , Staunstrup Jan K. , Knak-Nielsen Steffen 
Published: August 2019

Mange taler om ”Udkantsdanmark”, men ingen gør tilsyneladende nogetvirkningsfuldt ved det, selv om regeringen kommer med politiske udspil, ændrer lovgivningen og opfinder nye støttemuligheder i lange baner. Det er der givetvis forskellige årsager til. En kunne være, at det slet ikke er ønsket, at der gøres noget virkningsfuldt ved Udkantsdanmark. En andenkunne være, at debatgrundlaget og den præsenterede information er for ringe. Artiklen viser eksempler på kort fra den eksisterende, ikke altid konstruktive debat om Udkantsdanmark. Som modstykke hertil præsenteres i artiklen utraditionelle kort, der er designet til netop somvisual literacy at bidrage til, at der overhovedet bliver en reel debat om Udkantsdanmark & Kernedanmark.Artiklen fremlægger ikke et politisk synspunkt. Artiklen præsenterer, hvor forbløffende effektivt politiske synspunkter kan fremlægges ved at tænke og agere i visual literacy. Artiklens budskab er at fremme den konstruktive debat generelt, hvor Den Rådne Banan og kortene blot tjener som eksempel.
Investigating safety profiles of human papillomavirus vaccine across group differences using VAERS data and MedDRA
Authors: Jia Yuxi , Zhu Cong , Du Jingcheng , Xiang Yang , Chen Yong , Wang Wei , Tao Cui 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines with regard to the distribution of adverse events (AE) across gender and age, and the correlations across various AEs using the Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).MethodsFor analyses, 27,348 patients aged between 9 and 25 years old with at least one AE reported in VAERS between the year of 2006 and 2017 were included. AEs were summarized into two levels: the lower level preferred term (PT) and higher level system organ classes (SOCs) based on the structure of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). A series of statistical analyses were applied on both levels of AEs. Zero-truncated Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression models were first developed to assess the rate and risk of SOCs across age groups and genders. Pairwise Pearson correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses were then conducted to explore the interrelationships and clustering pattern among AEs.ResultsWe identified 27,337 unique HPV vaccine reports between 2006 and 2017. Disproportional reporting of AEs was observed across age and gender in 21 SOCs (p< 0.05). The correlation analyses found most SOCs demonstrate weak positive correlations except for five pairs which were negatively correlated: skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + injury poisoning and procedural complications; skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + nervous system disorders; Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; nervous system disorders + pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions; pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions + general disorders and administration site conditions. Nervous system disorders had the most AEs which contributed to 12,448 (46%) cases. In the further analyses of correlations between PT in nervous system disorders, the three most strongly correlated AEs were psychiatric disorders (r= 0.35), gastrointestinal disorders (r= 0.215), and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (r= 0.261). We observed an inter-SOCs correlation of the PTs among AE pairs by nervous system disorders/psychiatric disorders/gastrointestinal disorders/musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders.ConclusionsThe analyses revealed a different distribution pattern of AEs across gender and age subgroups in 21 SOC level AEs. Correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering analyses further revealed several correlated patterns across various AEs. However, findings from this study should be interpreted with caution. Further clinical studies are needed to understand the heterogeneity of AEs reporting across subgroups and the biological pathways among the statistically correlated AEs.
Validated Stability – Indicating Methods for Determination of Sofosbuvir by UPLC and HPTLC in Pure Form and Tablet Dosage Forms
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Sawsan A. , Nasr Zeinab Adel , S. Said Noha 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Two simple and sensitive stability- indicating methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its degradation products.
Study Design: Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) are developed for determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its degradation products, laboratory-prepared mixtures and in tablet dosage forms.
Place and Duration of Study: Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, between August 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: Two simple and sensitive stability- indicating methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Sofosbuvir in presence of its degradation products. The first method was an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method, in which efficient separation was carried out on phenomenex kinetex 2.6 μm C18 100 A column using a mobile phase consisting of filtered and degassed mixture of 0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid in water and methanol with the ratio of (40:60% v/v) adjusted to pH 3.5, at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and UV detection at 260 nm at ambient temperature. The second method is a high performance- thin layer chromatographic one (HPTLC) in which chromatographic separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates, with methanol – chloroform – ammonia (2.5: 6: 1.5 % v/v/v) as a developing system followed by densitometric determination at 261 nm. Sofosbuvir was subjected to stress conditions including alkaline, acidic and oxidative degradation.
Results: Beer’s law was obeyed over the range of 1-20 μg mL–1 for UPLC and 2-12 μg / spot for HPTC with good accuracy and precision using the two procedures, respectively. Results obtained was statistically analysed and found to be in accordance with those given by the reported method.
Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of sofosbuvir in bulk powder, laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage form with good accuracy and precision. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained were compared with those of the reported method and were found to be in good agreement.
Focused Ion Beams and Some Selected Applications
Authors: Machalett Frank , Seidel Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFocused ion beams (FIBs) have been widely used for micro‐ and nanofabrication, failure analysis, and preparation of research prototypes. This article gives the reader a first and short introduction to the field of FIBs with some basics of FIB generation and an impression of a variety of main established applications as well as select new directions. We describe the design and the principles of functionality of common and new versions of FIB systems generated with different types of ion sources. For more details and further studies, some references to excellent review articles and books are given, which contain further references. An FIB system consists of a source emitting ions from a very small region, an ion optical system for focusing a spot down to a few nm and a scan unit for controlled movement of the focused beam in lateral directions. The ion beam interaction with the target material modifies its surface properties or surface structure by processes such as ion implantation, ion milling, ion‐beam induced etching, and deposition. The FIB offers the opportunity to generate structures in nanometer dimension with a high accuracy by maskless, direct writing with the focused beam. In this article, we give an overview of selected applications. The FIB alone, and moreover combined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in one vacuum chamber, implemented with several different detectors, opens many fields of applications, such as imaging, analytics, tomography, preparation and fabrication of samples and tools.
Hot Electron Luminescence from Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles and Its Applications
Authors: Lan Sheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The recent advances in the study of the hot electron luminescence from metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are discussed. The luminescence from the plasmonic hot spots created in metal nanoparticles and nanostructures is attributed to hot electron intraband luminescence, which is quite similar to blackbody radiation. Since the plasmonic hot spots are sensitive to polarization and wavelength of excitation light, such hot electron intraband luminescence can be employed to realize multidimensional optical data storage with ultralow energy and ultrahigh density. Similar hot electron intraband luminescence was also observed in gallium arsenide and silicon nanoparticles by resonantly exciting their magnetic resonances. It was revealed that the luminescence from gallium arsenide nanoparticles originates from the intraband transition of hot electrons while that from silicon nanoparticles arises from the interband transition of hot electrons assisted by phonons. The different band structures of gallium arsenide and silicon are responsible for the different types of hot electron luminescence observed in gallium arsenide and silicon nanoparticles. It was found that the Auger effect, which is dramatically enhanced by high carrier density, increases the relaxation time of hot electrons within the conduction band, leading to an enhancement in the quantum efficiency by four to five orders of magnitude. The achievement of efficient hot electron luminescence with a broadband indicates that silicon‐based photonic devices integrated with silicon nitride–based optical circuits can be realized by exploiting the Mie resonances in silicon nanoparticles.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization (
CMP
)
Authors: Cook Lee 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is an offshoot of conventional polishing which was developed for use in fabrication of semiconductor devices. CMP has grown to become an enabling technology in semiconductor device fabrication. The equipment, consumables, and processes employed have evolved with semiconductor devices, and significant future evolution is expected. CMP is a highly complex process despite its relatively simple outward appearance. Over the past 25 years, there has been an enormous amount of scientific research into the basic mechanisms, which is often difficult to apply to a practical understanding of its industrial use. The purpose of this article is to provide a clear understanding of both the science and application of CMP in sufficient detail to give the reader a more complete picture of the field. The focus is on portraying the key process, technology, and mechanistic issues from a manufacturing point of view. Readers who desire a deeper dive into the topics covered are directed to the references for further reading.
Variants in MME are associated with autosomal‐recessive distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Hong Daojun , Fang Pu , Yao Sheng , Chen Juanjuan , Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Shuyun , Zhang Jingfen , Tan Dandan , Wang Li , Han Xinsheng , Xin Ling , Wang Yan , Liu Meige , Cong Lu , Zhong Shanshan , Ouyang Hui , Gao Xuguang , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify a new genetic cause in patients segregating distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) with an autosomal recessive pattern.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was conducted in two siblings and was combined with segregation analysis. Additionally, 83 unrelated dHMN patients with unknown genetic cause were screened. RNA analysis was performed using blood lymphocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with mutant plasmids. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis was applied to the nerve tissue. The enzymatic activities of mutant proteins were measured in the cultured cells to verify the pathogenicity of variants.ResultsThe clinical features of the patients showed late‐onset phenotype of distal motor neuropathy without sensory involvement. We identified that compound heterozygous variants of c.1342C>T and c.2071_2072delGCinsTT in the membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene co‐segregated with the phenotype in a dHMN family. In an additional group of 83 patients with dHMN, compound heterozygous variants of c.1416+2T>C and c.2027C>T in MME were identified in one patient. The splice site variant c.1416+2T>C results in skipping of exon 13. The stop variant c.1342C>T induces mRNA degradation via nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. Transcript levels of MME in the lymphocytes showed no significant differences between the patients and controls. We also identified that MME variants were associated with mild decrease in protein expression in the sural nerve and significant impairments of enzymatic activity.InterpretationVariants in the MME gene were associated with not only a Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy phenotype but also with an autosomal‐recessive dHMN phenotype. Loss of function may play a role in the pathogenesis of dHMN.
Influence of a Protein Corona on the Oral Pharmacokinetics of Testosterone Released from Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Giri Kalpeshkumar , Kuschnerus Inga , Ruan Juanfang , Garcia‐Bennett Alfonso E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe formation of a protein corona adsorbed on mesoporous silica particles with 2D and 3D pore structures after incubation in fetal bovine serum is investigated. The compositional properties of the resulting protein–particle complex is determined by using mass spectrometry as a function of serum incubation time. The effect of the adsorbed proteins on the drug release properties of the mesoporous particles when these are used to deliver the hormone TST is examined in dissolution media. Changes to the pharmacokinetic parameters are validated in vivo in a rat model. Small changes to the maximum plasma concentration, terminal half‐life, and area under the plasma concentration time curve are observed with pre‐incubation of a hard protein corona around the particles. This strategy is used to slow down the release of pharmaceutical drugs loaded onto mesoporous silica, and acts as a formulation strategy for future nanomedical applications involving advanced drug delivery.
Flexible Solar Thermal Fuel Devices: Composites of Fabric and a Photoliquefiable Azobenzene Derivative
Authors: Hu Jing , Huang Shuai , Yu Mingming , Yu Haifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractControllable storage and release of solar energy has always been a highlighted scientific issue for its benefit of mankind. Solar thermal fuels (STFs) supply a closed cycle and renewable energy‐storage strategy by transforming solar energy into chemical energy stored in the conformation of molecular isomers, such as cis/trans‐azobenzene, and releasing it as heat under various stimuli. Although the potential high energy density of the STFs which are based on the hybrids of azobenzene derivatives and carbon nanomaterials has been reported the solvent‐assistant charging hinders their practicability. In this study, a solid‐state STF device is designed and fabricated by compositing one photoliquefiable azobenzene (PLAZ) derivative with a flexible fabric template. The photoinduced phase transition of the PLAZ derivative enables the charging of the flexible STFs to be totally solvent‐free. Interestingly, the energy‐storage capacity (energy density ≈201 J g−1) of flexible PLAZ STFs has been improved by the soft fabric template. The exothermic situation is monitored with one infrared camera, which shows 4 °C temperature difference between charged and discharged samples under blue light stimulus. The flexible STFs are may be used in practice as heating equipment.
Melanin–Perovskite Composites for Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Wang Kai , Hou Yuchen , Poudel Bed , Yang Dong , Jiang Yuanyuan , Kang Min‐Gyu , Wang Ke , Wu Congcong , Priya Shashank 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiomacromolecular pigments, such as melanin, play an essential role in the survival of all living beings. Melanin absorbs sunlight and transforms it into heat, which is crucial for avoiding damage to skin cells. Light absorption produces excited electrons, which could either fall back to ground states by releasing the heat (photothermal effect) and/or light (photoluminescence), or stay at higher energy levels within its lifetime period, which can be captured through external electronic circuitry (photovoltaic effect). In this study, it is demonstrated that the combination of melanin with halide perovskite light absorber in the form of a composite exhibits high absorbance from the UV to NIR region in the solar spectrum. And the composite displays significantly reduced photoluminescence and minimized density of residual excited states (verified by photovoltaic measurement) owing to the significantly enhanced nonradiant quenching by the melanin. As a result, the composite shows an ultrahigh solar‐thermal quantum yield of 99.56% and solar‐thermal conversion efficiency of ≈81% under one‐sun illumination (AM1.5), which is superior to typical carbon materials such as graphene (≈70%). By coating the photothermal composite film on the hot‐side of thermoelectric devices, a 7000% increase in output power as compared to the blank device under illumination is observed.