bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADHD (Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) Symptoms Are Associated With Chronic Pain Interference: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brown Patrick C. M. , Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. , Wilson Anna C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite a known relationship between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain, the association between ADHD symptoms and pain interference has not been prospectively investigated.MethodsYoung adults were recruited following receipt of a prescription opioid from ambulatory surgery clinics, outpatient clinics and emergency departments as part of a larger study. Participants completed measures of ADHD symptoms, depression, pain catastrophizing, adverse childhood experiences and pain interference at enrolment and 6 months later. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms and covariates on moderate‐to‐severe pain interference at 6 months.ResultsParticipants were 116 young adults who completed the baseline ADHD symptoms measure; 71 completed the 6‐month timepoint. Moderate‐to‐severe pain interference was present among 89.7% at baseline and 52.3% at 6 months. ADHD symptoms (OR [odds ratio] = 1.42, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.05–1.93), depression (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.14) and pain catastrophizing (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12) were significantly associated with odds of moderate‐to‐severe pain interference at 6 months. In multivariable regression, ADHD symptoms (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.09–2.12) and pain catastrophizing (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.13) were significant predictors of moderate‐to‐severe pain interference at 6 months.ConclusionsParticipants with more ADHD symptoms were at greater risk for chronic pain interference. This is consistent with prior studies examining the role of attention in chronic pain. Individuals with ADHD symptoms may be at greater risk for chronic pain and future research should investigate tailored prevention and treatment approaches.
Developmental Characteristics of High‐Risk Infants According to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition
Authors: Park Ju‐Young , Jung Nam‐Hae 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the developmental characteristics of high‐risk infants with birth and perinatal risk factors according to gestational age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley‐III) and to assess the clinical utility of the scale.MethodsThis study included 100 high‐risk infants < 12 months' corrected age who presented to a hospital in Korea. Developmental levels of cognitive, language and motor scales were confirmed using Bayley‐III and analysed by dividing the infants according to gestational age as follows: high‐risk full‐term, moderate‐to‐late preterm and very preterm. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, analysis of variance and chi‐squared tests using SPSS version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsIn terms of developmental characteristics according to gestational age, moderate‐to‐late preterm infants exhibited average levels in all cognitive, language and motor domains, while high‐risk full‐term infants and very preterm infants exhibited low average levels in all cognitive, language and motor domains. The three groups exhibited statistically significant differences in the language domain, and analysis of the relationship between gestational age and degree of developmental delay revealed significant differences, especially in expressive language.ConclusionsThis study is meaningful in that it analysed the developmental characteristics of high‐risk infants according to gestational age using Bayley‐III. The Bayley‐III test in high‐risk infants < 12 months of age was useful for screening developmental delay; however, there is a need for careful follow‐up and evaluation of the subsequent development process.
The Use of Fluorescent Markers to Detect and Delineate Head and Neck Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Srinivasan Akash , Kaminskaite Viktorija , Winter Stuart C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is to achieve clear resection margins, whilst preserving function and cosmesis. Fluorescent markers have demonstrated potential in the intraoperative visualisation and delineation of tumours, such as glioma, with consequent improvements in resection. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and compare the fluorescent markers that have been used to detect and delineate HNSCC to date.MethodsA literature search was performed using the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP databases. Primary human studies published through September 2023 demonstrating the use of fluorescent markers to visualise HNSCC were selected and reviewed independently by two authors.ResultsThe search strategy identified 5776 records. Two hundred and forty‐four full texts were reviewed, and sixty‐five eligible reports were included. The most used fluorescent markers in the included studies were indocyanine green (ICG) (n = 14), toluidine blue (n = 11), antibodies labelled with IRDye800CW (n = 10) and 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) (n = 8). Toluidine blue and ICG both have limited specificity, although novel targeted options derived from ICG may be more effective. 5‐ALA has been demonstrated as a topical marker and, recently, via enteral administration but it is associated with photosensitivity reactions. The fluorescently labelled antibodies cetuximab‐IRDye800CW and panitumumab‐IRDye800CW are promising options being investigated by ongoing trials.ConclusionMultiple safe fluorescent markers have emerged which may aid the surgical resection of HNSCC. Further research in larger cohorts is required to identify which marker should be considered gold standard.
Effects of land cover and protected areas on flying insect diversity
Authors: Sinclair James S. , Buchner Dominik , Gessner Mark O. , Müller Jörg , Pauls Steffen U. , Stoll Stefan , Welti Ellen A. R. , Bässler Claus , Buse Jörn , Dziock Frank , Enss Julian , Hörren Thomas , Künast Robert , Li Yuanheng , Marten Andreas , Morkel Carsten , Richter Ronny , Seibold Sebastian , Sorg Martin , Twietmeyer Sönke , Weis Dirk , Weisser Wolfgang , Wiggering Benedikt , Wilmking Martin , Zotz Gerhard , Frenzel Mark , Leese Florian , Haase Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWidespread insect losses are a critical global problem. Mitigating this problem requires identifying the principal drivers across different taxa and determining which insects are covered by protected areas. However, doing so is hindered by missing information on most species owing to extremely high insect diversity and difficulties in morphological identification. To address this knowledge gap, we used one of the most comprehensive insect DNA metabarcoding data sets assembled (encompassing 31,846 flying insect species) in which data were collected from a network of 75 Malaise traps distributed across Germany. Collection sites encompass gradients of land cover, weather, and climate, along with differences in site protection status, which allowed us to gain broader insights into how insects respond to these factors. We examined changes in total insect biomass, species richness, temporal turnover, and shifts in the composition of taxa, key functional groups (pollinators, threatened species, and invasive species), and feeding traits. Lower insect biomass generally equated to lower richness of all insects and higher temporal turnover, suggesting that biomass loss translates to biodiversity loss and less stable communities. Spatial variability in insect biomass and composition was primarily driven by land cover, rather than weather or climate change. As vegetation and land‐cover heterogeneity increased, insect biomass increased by 50% in 2019 and 56% in 2020 and total species richness by 58% and 33%, respectively. Similarly, areas with low‐vegetation habitats exhibited the highest richness of key taxa, including pollinators and threatened species, and the widest variety of feeding traits. However, these habitats tended to be less protected despite their higher diversity. Our results highlight the value of heterogeneous low vegetation for promoting overall insect biomass and diversity and that better protection of insects requires improved protection and management of unforested areas, where many biodiversity hotspots and key taxa occur.
Refraining from exploiting disaster‐hit communities, as an emerging principle of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Radavoi Ciprian N. , He Lingling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDisasters are more destructive and frequent in the age of climate change, overpopulation, and neoliberal globalisation. While the literature on disaster prevention and management proliferates, the role of for‐profit corporations has only recently started to be examined, usually through the lens of corporate social responsibility (CSR)—the expectation that business will consider social and environmental interests in its operations, in addition to profit. There is lately much academic creativity in the CSR space pertaining to why and how large corporations should contribute to disaster recovery, but a conceptual red thread is missing. This paper proposes that the unifying concept is the CSR principle of refraining from exploiting disaster‐hit communities. Indeed, CSR principles evolve in time, reflecting contemporary societal priorities. In a contractarian perspective on CSR, a rational community would nowadays have solid reasons to expect, in its social contract with business, the latter's commitment to decency when the former is devastated by earthquakes, pandemics, wars, and the like.
PC‐Based User Continuous Authentication in the Artificial Intelligence Method and System Using the User's Finger Stroke Characteristics
Authors: Lee Heewoong , Lee Deok Gyu , Nam Kihyo , Jeong Mun‐Kweon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBiometric technology, which performs continuous authentication based on user behaviour, has been developed in various ways depending on the type of device, input device, and sensor. Research on continuous authentication technology in PC‐based systems with few sensors installed is based on data from physical devices that extract and analyse features from keyboard and mouse input patterns. Among these, previous studies on continuous authentication through keyboard input performed continuous authentication using the key hold delay time that occurs when one key is pressed, the key interval delay time that occurs due to the interaction between fingers, and the key press delay time. However, the keyboard‐based continuous authentication model has limitations in increasing accuracy due to a small number of features. Therefore, in this paper, when a user inputs a sentence using a QWERTY keyboard in a PC system, the function is subdivided by reflecting the characteristics of each finger and used for continuous authentication. The features extracted by reflecting the characteristics of the finger were subdivided into a total of 151 latencies, and Support Vector Data Description (SVDD), decision tree and CNN were used as continuous authentication models. Experimental data was collected through the user's input of randomly displayed sentences, and features were created based on this. User keystroke behaviour was used to validate the continuous authentication in the artificial intelligence model. Validation metrics included thresholds for classification accuracy (ACC), ROC curves, false rejection rate (FRR), equal error rate (EER), and false acceptance rate (FAR). As a result of the experiment, it was found that continuous authentication including the user's finger input pattern was superior to the existing method.
Properties of Biofilm Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Communities in a Representative Hypereutrophic Urban River
Authors: Lv Yi , Wang Siyu , Ni Xiaobo , Yang Xu , Chen Yu , Zhou Xinting , Dahlgren Randy A. , Cai Xianlei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Biofilms play an important role in nutrient and food web dynamics of shallow aquatic ecosystems. Multiple prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms within biofilms interact with each other to shape the community structure and their functional attributes. However, there is no clear understanding of varied patterns of biofilm prokaryotic versus eukaryotic microbial abundances, diversities and communities, which limit our understanding of how biofilm communities and functions in hypereutrophic urban river ecosystems are changing.

To elucidate the properties of biofilm communities and controls on biofilm communities in a hypereutrophic urban river, we conducted a one‐year study to investigate the seasonal and water‐depth variations on the abundance/biomass, diversity and structure of biofilm prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. The structure and dynamics of biofilm prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were determined by high‐throughput sequencing based on the 16S and 18S rRNA gene.

Sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria were the three dominant phyla in biofilm prokaryotic communities, and Rotifera, Chlorophyta, Annelida and Bacillariophyta were the four dominant phyla in biofilm eukaryotic communities. Biofilm bacterial abundance depended mainly on the water temperature, whereas biofilm algal biomass correlated with rotifer grazing and light levels. Prokaryotic communities had higher species richness and diversity than eukaryotic communities. Species richness and diversity displayed significant seasonal variations with minima for prokaryotic communities in winter and eukaryotic communities in summer, which were linked to water temperature and rotifer grazing, respectively. Variations in biofilm prokaryotic and eukaryotic community composition were mainly related to ammonia concentration and water temperature, respectively. The co‐occurrence network analysis suggested that rotifer grazing could considerably decrease the complexity of the biofilm network in summer, and the algal groups, especially for Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta, were the key to the formation of stable biofilm networks.

There were significant differences in seasonal and water‐depth heterogeneity of biofilm prokaryotic and eukaryotic community composition. Our findings indicate that variations in water temperature, light level, rotifer grazing and nutrients (especially ammonia) appreciably contribute to changes in the abundance, diversity and composition of biofilm prokaryotic versus eukaryotic communities in the hypereutrophic urban river.

These findings increase our understanding of biofilm community characteristics in hypereutrophic urban rivers and provide insights for water pollution remediation strategies.
Rapid Adaption but Genetic Diversity Loss of a Globally Distributed Diatom in the Warmer Ocean
Authors: Cheng Luman , Xu Xiuming , Wang Minghua , Wang Da‐Zhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStudies have demonstrated that marine phytoplankton can adapt to the warmer environment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we quantified the capacity of a globally distributed marine diatom Skeletonema dohrnii, for rapid evolution under the moderate (24°C) and severe (28°C) warming scenarios. Whole‐genome resequencing analysis revealed that the evolutionary adaptation of S. dohrnii to moderate warming was slow (i.e., 700 generations), whereas it was rapid (i.e., 300 generations) under severe warming but suffered a substantial loss of genetic diversity within the population. Genes associated with energy production and lipid metabolism evolved rapidly, particularly under severe warming, suggesting their vital roles in thermal adaptation. Proteomic results also showed the enhanced expression of proteins involved in energy production and lipid metabolism, especially under severe warming. Furthermore, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen production was greatly enhanced in the moderate warming‐selected population but increased insignificantly in the severe warming‐selected population, indicating more rapid adaptation driven by severe warming. Our results provide molecular insights into the rapid but limited evolution of thermal adaptation in marine diatoms and highlight energy production and lipid metabolism as the most important adaptive strategy. Future warming will affect genetic diversity and population dynamics of diatoms in the ocean.
Comparing the accuracy and treatment time of a robotic and dynamic navigation system in osteotomy and root‐end resection: An in vitro study
Authors: Liu Chen , Wang Xin , Liu Yuchen , Ma Dan , Wu Zhonghong , Wang Hanguo , Bai Shizhu , Zhao Yimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the accuracy and treatment time of a robotic system (RS) and a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in osteotomy and root‐end resection in an in vitro study.MethodologyIn this study, four identical mandibular models were created using three‐dimensional (3D) printing, each model including 18 teeth. In the surgical procedures, teeth #35, #33, #32, #42, #43 and #45, along with the mesiobuccal roots of teeth #36 and #46, were specifically selected for operation on each model. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans were performed on all models. DentalNavi software was used to plan a drilling path and depth as well as design surgical accessories. In the RS, osteotomy and root‐end resection were performed with robotic assistance, whereas in the DNS, these procedures were performed using dynamic navigation. Post‐operative CBCT scans were obtained. Global platform deviation, global apex deviation, angular deflection, and time were compared to evaluate the accuracy and treatment time of the surgeries. The treatment time was defined as the registration time and drilling time. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro–Wilk and independent sample t‐test.ResultsThe global platform deviation, global apex deviation and angular deflection in the RS group were significantly smaller than those in the DNS group (p <.05). The registration time in the RS group was significantly longer than that in the DNS group (p <.001), whereas the drilling time was significantly shorter (p <.001). The overall surgical time was significantly longer in the RS group than in the DNS group (p <.001). Subgroup accuracy analysis revealed that in both the anterior and posterior tooth regions, the RS group exhibited significantly smaller apical and angular deviations than the DNS group (p <.001). Additionally, in both the anterior and posterior tooth subgroups, the total time for the DNS group was significantly shorter than that for the RS group in the anterior tooth area (p <.01).ConclusionsRS showed higher accuracy and shorter drilling time in osteotomy and root‐end resection compared to DNS. The RS holds promise as a reliable technological advancement in endodontic microsurgery. However, future endeavours should prioritize the reduction in registration time.
Micro‐computed tomographic evaluation of dentinal microcracks in response to progressive taper enlargement in root canals of maxillary molars
Authors: de Lima Carolina Oliveira , de Montan Julia Brito de Moura , Barbosa Ana Flávia Almeida , Antunes Bernardo Rempto , Lacerda Mariane Floriano Lopes Santos , Sassone Luciana Moura , Versiani Marco Aurélio , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the development of dentinal microcracks resulting from the progressive enlargement of the buccal canals of maxillary molars with and without the MB2 canal employing instruments with the same tip and four different tapers.MethodologyTwenty maxillary molars with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) the MB2 canal underwent micro‐CT scanning. Their mesiobuccal and distobuccal canals were sequentially enlarged using nickel–titanium instruments with sizes 25/.03, 25/.05, 25/.06 and 25/.08v. Subsequent scans were conducted after each canal enlargement. The preoperative scans were coregistered with their respective datasets, and the cross‐sectional images were carefully examined to identify dentinal defects. This process, conducted twice at two‐week intervals, involved two examiners. Intra‐ and inter‐examiner calibrations were validated using the Kappa index. The incidence of microcracks was reported as a percentage frequency.ResultsThe intra‐ and inter‐examiner Kappa values were 0.85 and 0.88, respectively, indicating excellent agreement. Dentinal microcracks were detected in 1206 out of 42 975 cross‐sectional image slices (2.8%). Molars with MB2 canal exhibited more slices (4.5%) than teeth without MB2 (0.9%). Every dentinal microcrack observed in the images after root canal preparation was already present in the corresponding images taken before root canal preparation.ConclusionThe progressive enlargement of root canals using instruments with different tapers did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks in maxillary molars, regardless of the presence of the MB2 canal.
Influence of high‐iron bauxite on phase composition, microstructure, and properties of bauxite‐based homogenized grogs
Authors: Ma Qianli , Liang Yanchen , Yu Renhong , Zang Yunfei , Liu Yuchi , Wang Minghao , Ma Huaiqi , Yu Xiaorui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvestigation on the occurrence state of Fe2O3 in bauxite and its effect on the bauxite‐based homogenized grogs (BHG) is crucial for the utilization of high‐iron bauxite resources. BHG with different Fe2O3 contents incorporated in the form of high‐iron bauxite was prepared by maintaining the Al2O3 content around 82%. The effect of high‐iron bauxite addition (0, 25, 50 75, 100 wt.%) on the phase composition and microstructure evolution was studied using X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and Factsage software. The results show that part of the Fe2O3 in BHG is dissolved into crystalline phases, while the other part is present as a glass phase. The addition of high‐iron bauxite, coupled with a reduction in the SiO2 content, results in a rise in the corundum content within BHG from 55.0% to 93.6% and a decrease in the mullite content from 44.0% to 2.8%. This change results in a decline in the refractoriness under load of T0.6, dropping from 1593.5°C in the sample without high‐iron bauxite to 1430.7°C in the sample with 100% high‐iron bauxite addition. The microstructure of BHG evolves from the interconnected network of corundum and mullite phases to the structure of corundum bonded by the glass phase.