bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Solar Waterways: Plasma‐Enabled Self‐Cleaning Nanoarchitectures for Energy‐Efficient Desalination
Authors: Wu Shenghao , Xiong Guoping , Yang Huachao , Gong Biyao , Tian Yikuan , Xu Chenxuan , Wang Yan , Fisher Timothy , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa , Luo Tengfei , Tu Xin , Bo Zheng , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvaporating seawater and separating salt from water is one of the most promising solutions for global water scarcity. State‐of‐the‐art water desalination devices combining solar harvesting and heat localization for evaporation using nanomaterials still suffer from several issues in energy efficiency, long‐term performance, salt fouling, light blocking, and clean water collection in real‐world applications. To address these issues, this work devises plasma‐enabled multifunctional all‐carbon nanoarchitectures with on‐surface waterways formed by nitrogen‐doped hydrophilic graphene nanopetals (N‐fGPs) seamlessly integrated onto the external surface of hydrophobic self‐assembled graphene foam (sGF). The N‐fGPs simultaneously transport water and salt ions, absorb sunlight, serve as evaporation surfaces, then capture the salts, followed by self‐cleaning. The sGF ensures effective thermal insulation and enhanced heat localization, contributing to high solar‐vapor efficiency of 88.6 ± 2.1%. Seamless connection between N‐fGPs and sGF and self‐cleaning of N‐fGP structures by redissolution of the captured salts in the waterways lead to long‐term stability over 240 h of continuous operation in real seawater without performance degradation, and a high daily evaporation yield of 15.76 kg m−2. By eliminating sunlight blocking and guiding condensed vapor, a high clean water collection ratio of 83.5% is achieved. The multiple functionalities make the current nanoarchitectures promising as multipurpose advanced energy materials.
New model phthalonitrile resin system based on self‐promoted curing reaction for exploring the mechanism of radical promoted‐polymerization effect
Authors: Liu Zhengzhou , Liu Yang , Peng Weifeng , Lu Zheng , Liang Bo , Liu Yao , Li Chengfeng , Hu Jianghuai , Zeng Ke , Yang Gang 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe reaction mechanism and product properties of radical promoted‐polymerization effect of phthalonitrile (PN) were further studied in this article. Different from the previous blending model system, this work provided a structurally symmetrical self‐promoted PN model compound [di‐imide PN model monomer (DAIM‐PN)], which was more conductive to study the polymerization mechanism. Combination of “in situ” infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry offered a clearer picture of polymerization mechanism. The results indicated that DAIM‐PN formed isoindoline and its cyclized tetramer of phthalocyanine selectively during the curing process. This work also demonstrated that the aliphatic chain participated in the reaction of nitrile group and provided more evidence for the reaction site (secondary carbon). Besides, high performance polymers with good processing properties, excellent thermal stability (overall char yield >74% at 800 °C, N2), and heat resistance (Tg > 470 °C) were obtained by blending and copolymerizing DAIM‐PN with 1,3‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)benzene. The effectiveness and application potential of the reaction mechanism were confirmed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48134.
Quantifying the rare: Baselines for the endangered Napoleon Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, and implications for conservation
Authors: Sadovy de Mitcheson Yvonne , Suharti Susanti R. , Colin Patrick L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The Napoleon wrasse, an endangered fish (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II, 2004), is a valuable component of the Chinese live reef fish trade. Only Indonesia legally exports up to 2000 Napoleon fish annually, with each fish weighing between 1 and 3 kg.
Information on natural abundance and fish sizes was required to determine sustainable export quotas. Hence, an underwater visual survey method, using GPS‐based multi‐kilometre transects, was tailored for this uncommon wide‐ranging fish. Transects totalling 430 km were run between 2005 and 2016 at nine locations. Six locations were resurveyed between six and nine years later, which was long enough to allow for recruitment and maturation.
Fish density and sizes across locations were inversely related to fishing intensity, and densities increased significantly between surveys. Low density (0.04‐0.86 fish hectare‐1) and few adult‐sized fish were in heavily fished locations. Higher densities occurred (0.86‐4.0 fish hectare‐1) in lightly/unfished locations, where evidence of recruitment was also seen. Nowhere were many male-sized (>1 m long) fish present. At Karas Is., where fishing ceased between surveys, clear sign of recovery was seen after 9 years.
Comparison of survey data from 11 Indo‐Pacific countries indicated that in Indonesia adult densities were lower at comparable levels of fishing pressure than elsewhere. Densities of 5 fish hectare−1 or more are more typical of lightly fished or unfished areas across the Pacific, which is greater than the highest density of 4 fish hectare−1 noted in this study at Banda Islands. Low densities of the species, despite the presence of adult‐sized fish, in Bunaken Marine Park probably reflects the continuance of fishing both within and adjacent to the park.
Conservation options include improved implementation of CITES regulations by Indonesia, through tighter export controls and the tagging of legally exported fish, the activation of the National Plan of Action, a temporary moratorium to restore reproductive capacity, and more marine protected areas.
Micromotors from Microfluidics
Authors: Yu Yunru , Guo Jiahui , Zou Minhan , Cai Lijun , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInspired by the motions of natural objects, attention and efforts have been paid and devoted to fabricate micromotors of spherical, tubular, helical or other shapes for applications in emerging fields including delivery, remediation, and other biomedical applications. Among the proposed methods, the microfluidic technology offers an opportunity to fabricate micromotors with different microstructures. This review presents research progress on micromotors, especially those from microfluidics. The morphologies of the micromotors were firstly outlined. Then, the microfluidic technology used to fabricate different micromotors was discussed. Finally, the applications of these micromotors were briefly introduced, followed by their challenges and future developments.
Financial product sensitivity predicts financial health
Authors: Greenberg Adam Eric , Sussman Abigail B. , Hershfield Hal E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent research has aimed to understand how people consider financial decisions because they have important consequences for well‐being. Yet existing research has largely failed to examine how attitudes and behaviors vary as a function of the specific financial product (e.g., debt type). We ask to what extent people differentiate between similarly categorized financial products (e.g., debt or investment) as a function of their terms (e.g., interest costs and expected returns) and whether such differentiation predicts financial health. Across four studies, we find not only that there are individual differences in attitudes toward similar financial products (e.g., two distinct loans), but also that the extent to which a consumer is averse to high‐cost versus low‐cost products predicts financial health. This relationship cannot be fully explained by financial literacy, numeracy, or intertemporal discounting. In addition, nudging people toward differentiating between financial products promotes decisions that are aligned with financial health.
Development of rapid and high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for quantification of olprinone in rabbit plasma
Authors: Kertys Martin , Kosutova Petra , Mokra Daniela , Mokry Juraj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simple, highly sensitive and rapid method for quantification of olprinone (phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor) in rabbit plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray was developed. An aliquot of 50 μL of plasma sample was cleaned up and extracted using Ostro™ 96‐well plate followed by dilution. Chromatographic separation of olprinone and olprinone‐d3 was carried out on a CORTECS® T3 column within 3 min. Detection was achieved using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization operated in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode using the transitions m/z 251.07 → m/z 155.06 and m/z 254.21 → m/z 158.10 for olprinone and olprinone‐d3, respectively. The method was validated according to US Food and Drug Administration guideline for bioanalytical methods, and showed excellent linearity in the range 10.0–2000.0 ng/mL with coefficient of determination >0.99. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (CV) were <5.1% and the accuracies were within the range 99.7–103.2% at all quality control concentrations. Furthermore, olprinone was stable under various stability conditions. The developed method was used for quantification of olprinone in rabbit plasma after its intravenous administration at the dose of 1 mg/kg in order to better understand the metabolism of olprinone in a rabbit model of lung injury.
A simple and robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for determination of plasma free metanephrines and its application to routine clinical testing for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Authors: Shen Ying , Luo Xia , Li Huijun , Guan Qing , Cheng Liming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlasma free metanephrines (PFMs) have high sensitivity for detecting pheochromocytoma (PCC). Herein, we developed a simple and reliable liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for PFMs determination in Chinese population. PFMs were enriched by SPE without requiring extract evaporation or the use of buffers containing nonvolatile salts. The analytes were analyzed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Inter‐ and intra‐assay precisions were ≤4.3% and ≤ 6.3%. The lower limits of quantification were 0.07 nmol/L for metanephrine and 0.06 nmol/L for normetanephrine. Recoveries of PFMs were in the range of 89.3–113%. The method was free from significant matrix effect, carryover and interference. Owing to its fast analysis time, more than 150 samples/day could be easily performed by a single operator. With the established reference intervals of PFMs in the Chinese population, this simple and robust LC–MS/MS method could be valuable for use in routine clinical laboratories. It is noted that the combined tests of PFMs with urinary catecholamines or urinary vanillylmandelic acid could improve specificity.
Bioanalytical LC–MS/MS validation of therapeutic drug monitoring assays in oncology
Authors: van Nuland Merel , Rosing Hilde , Schellens Jan H.M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has shown to benefit patients treated with drugs of many drug classes, among which is oncology. With an increasing demand for drug monitoring, new assays have to be developed and validated. Guidelines for bioanalytical validation issued by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration are applicable for clinical trials and toxicokinetic studies and demand fully validated bioanalytical methods to yield reliable results. However, for TDM assays a limited validation approach is suggested based on the intended use of these methods. This review presents an overview of publications that describe method validation of assays specifically designed for TDM. In addition to evaluating current practice, we provide recommendations that could serve as a guide for future validations of TDM assays.
A comparison of family and nonfamily small firms in their approach to green innovation: A study of Italian companies in the agri‐food industry
Authors: Dangelico Rosa Maria , Nastasi Alberto , Pisa Simone 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite the growing scholars' attention toward green innovation, on the one hand, and family firms, on the other hand, there is still limited attention toward the intersection of these two streams of literature, because very few studies deal with green innovation in family firms. This paper aims at comparing family and nonfamily small firms in their approach to green innovation. To this aim, a multiple case studies methodology was used to understand whether and in which aspects family firms and nonfamily firms differ. In particular, a sample of 14 small enterprises (seven family and seven nonfamily firms) operating in the agri‐food industry and located in Italy was studied. Results suggest that family and nonfamily firms are similar with regard to green innovation characteristics, features of the green innovation process, faced challenges, and achieved outcomes. On the contrary, family firms differ from nonfamily firms in three key areas: firm's motivations, most relevant pressures, and green innovation view.
A novel and cost‐effective methodology for enhanced production of industrially valuable alkaline xylano‐pectinolytic enzymes cocktail in short solid‐state fermentation cycle
Authors: Agrawal Sharad , Varghese Libin M , Mahajan Ritu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to enhance the production of xylano‐pectinolytic enzymes concurrently and also to reduce the fermentation period. In this study, the effect of agro‐residues extract‐based inoculum on yield and fermentation time of xylano‐pectinolytic enzymes was studied. Microbial inoculum and fermentation media were supplemented with xylan and pectin polysaccharides derived from agro‐based residues. Enzymes production parameters were optimized through two‐stage statistical design approach. Under optimized conditions (temperature 37°C, pH 7.2, K2HPO4 0.22%, MgSO4 0.1%, gram flour 5.6%, substrate: moisture ratio 1:2, inoculum size 20%, agro‐based crude xylan in production media 0.45%, and agro‐based crude xylan–pectin in inoculum 0.13%), nearly 28,255 ± 565 and 9,202 ± 193 IU of xylanase and pectinase, respectively, were obtained per gram of substrate in a time interval of 6 days only. The yield of both xylano‐pectinolytic enzymes was enhanced along with a reduction of nearly 24 h in fermentation time in comparison with control, using polysaccharides extracted from agro‐residues. The activity of different types of pectinase enzymes such as exo‐polymethylgalacturonase (exo‐PMG), endo‐PMG, exo‐polygalacturonase (exo‐PG), endo‐PG, pectin lyase, pectate lyase, and pectin esterase was obtained as 1,601, 12.13, 5637, 24.86, 118.62, 124.32, and 12.56 IU/g, respectively, and was nearly twofold higher than obtained for all seven types in control samples. This is the first report mentioning the methodology for enhanced production of xylano‐pectinolytic enzymes in short solid‐state fermentation cycle using agro‐residues extract‐based inoculum and production media.
Technical aspects of a successful transvascular retrieval of an acutely dislodged WaveCrest® left atrial appendage occluder
Authors: Okamoto Maki , Neuss Michael , Krimnitz Juliane , Butter Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPercutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is an alternative therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation who are not suitable for anticoagulation. However, device embolization is one of the notable complications which inevitably requires catheter or surgical retrieval. In addition to previously reported Watchman® or AMULET® occluder embolization, here we report the first case of a WaveCrest® occluder dislodgement which was successfully removed by transcatheter technique. Instead of using the well‐known snaring technique, we used a “wiring and ballooning technique” for retrieval. Considering its specific architecture without having hooks or feet where suitable for grasping, this technique is an option for retrieving WaveCrest® devices.
A High Capacity Aluminum‐Ion Battery Based on Imidazole Hydrochloride Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Cheng , Zhao Shimeng , Du Yiqun , Zhang Wenyang , Li Pan , Jin Huixin , Zhang Youjian , Wang Zihan , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAluminum‐ion batteries (Al‐ion batteries) have become a potential energy storage system, owing to their excellent cycling performance, three‐electron‐redox properties, and safety performance. Until now, great progress has been made in Al‐ion batteries. However, the Al‐ion battery system still encounters various problems, such as high electrolyte price, harsh working environment, low discharge platforms, and inferior capacity. Here, we prepared a novel Al‐ion battery with AlCl3/Imidazole hydrochloride (ImidazoleHCl) as the electrolyte, aluminum as the negative electrode, and commercial graphite as the positive electrode. The battery achieves a high specific discharge capacity of 129 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and 105 mA h g−1 with a high coulombic efficiency of 99 % at the current density of 4 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. The mechanism of AlCl4− intercalation/de‐intercalation is proved by Raman, XRD and EDS studies. ImidazoleHCl is a promising electrolyte and this work provides a new insight for the Al‐ion battery system.
Outcomes of anemic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: An analysis of the Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Care, Guideline Adherence and Clinical Events
Authors: Huynh Ronald , Hyun Karice , D'Souza Mario , Kangaharan Nadarajah , Shetty Pratap C. , Mariani Justin , Kilian Jens , Hung Joseph , Ryan Mark , Chew Derek P. , Brieger David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnemia commonly accompanies acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and is associated with poorer outcomes. This study examines the associations between anemia, management and outcomes in an Australian ACS population.MethodsThis analysis of the CONCORDANCE database included 8665 ACS patients presenting to 41 Australian hospitals. Baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes were compared between patients with anemia (Hb ≤ 130 for males, Hb ≤ 120 g/L for females) and non‐anemia.ResultsA total of 1880 (21.7%) patients presenting with ACS were anemic. These patients were older (72 years vs 63 years, P < .0001), with higher prevalence of comorbidities. STEMI patients with anemia were less likely to be emergently reperfused with either thrombolytic therapy (22% vs 33%, P < .0001) or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (45% vs 51% P = 0.033). For all ACS, anemic patients less frequently received: coronary angiography (63% vs 86%, P < .0001); drug eluting stents if undergoing PCI (50% vs 58%, P < .0001); dual antiplatelet therapy (80% vs 89%, P < .0001) ;and parenteral anticoagulants (82% vs 88%, P < .0001). In hospital complications of heart failure (20% vs 9%, P < .0001), renal failure (13% vs 4%, P < .0001), and re‐infarction (4% vs 2%, P = .0006) were more common among anemic patients. There was a near‐linear inverse relationship between admission hemoglobin and in hospital mortality.ConclusionsAnemic patients with ACS are a high risk group less likely to undergo invasive and antithrombotic therapy. Further investigation is required to determine if more active treatment of anemic patients presenting with ACS will improve their outcomes.
Functional importance of an inverted formin C‐terminal tail at morphologically dynamic epithelial junctions
Authors: Hegsted Anna , Votra SarahBeth , Christophe Amylisa M. , Yingling Curtis V. , Sundaramurthy Sumana , Pruyne David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpithelial cell–cell junctions have dual roles of accommodating morphological changes in an epithelium, while maintaining cohesion during those changes. An abundance of junction proteins has been identified, but many details on how intercellular junctions respond to morphological changes remain unclear. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the spermatheca is an epithelial sac that repeatedly dilates and constricts to allow ovulation. It is thought that the junctions between spermatheca epithelial cells undergo reversible partial unzipping to allow rapid dilation. Previously, we found that EXC‐6, a C. elegans protein homolog of the human disease‐associated formin INF2, is expressed in the spermatheca and promotes oocyte entry. We show here that EXC‐6 localizes toward the apical aspect of the spermatheca epithelial junctions, and that the EXC‐6‐labeled junction domains “unzip” and dramatically flatten with oocyte entry into the spermatheca. We demonstrate that the C‐terminal tail of EXC‐6 is necessary and sufficient for junction localization. Moreover, expression of the tail alone worsens ovulation defects, suggesting this region not only mediates EXC‐6 localization, but also interacts with other components important for junction remodeling.
RiboTag: Ribosomal Tagging Strategy to Analyze Cell‐Type‐Specific mRNA Expression In Vivo
Authors: Sanz Elisenda , Bean Jonathan C. , Carey Daniel P. , Quintana Albert , McKnight G. Stanley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRibosome tagging has become a very useful in vivo approach for analyzing gene expression and mRNA translation in specific cell types that are difficult and time consuming to isolate by conventional methods. The approach is based on selectively expressing a hemagglutinin A (HA)–tagged ribosomal protein in a target cell type and then using antibodies against HA to purify the polysomes and associated mRNAs from the target cell. The original approach makes use of a mouse line (RiboTag) harboring a modified allele of Rpl22 (Rpl22‐HA) that is induced by the action of Cre recombinase. The Rpl22‐HA gene can also be introduced into the animal by stereotaxic injection of an AAV‐DIO‐Rpl22‐HA that is then activated in Cre‐expressing cells. Both methods for tagging ribosomes facilitate the immunoprecipitation of ribosome‐bound mRNAs and their analysis by qRT‐PCR or RNA‐Seq. This protocol will discuss the technical procedures and describe important considerations relevant to the analysis of the data. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Critical mass of female directors, human capital, and stakeholder engagement by corporate social reporting
Authors: Amorelli María‐Florencia , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to examine two closely related issues: first, the effect of the presence of female directors on boards on corporate social responsibility disclosure, focusing on the necessary critical mass of this minority group, and, second, the moderation of the human capital of board members—their background, skills, and experience—that could favor the intrinsic female directors' characteristics through the cognitive effect of equal board members. For an international sample of 9,744 firm‐year observations from 2007 to 2016, different panel data regressions are proposed. The findings of this study reveal a positive impact of gender board diversity on voluntary socially responsible disclosure by examining the presence of at least three women on the board—the critical mass. Moreover, the paper reports a greater effect when the board's background, skills, and experience are greater. As a supplemental analysis, the evidence shows that the female role does not remain when women achieve the position of chairperson; that is, female directors adopt a male stereotype regarding voluntary information disclosure when they are also the chairperson of the firm, independently of the human capital of the board members.