bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review
Authors: Grancieri Mariana , Martino Hercia Stampini Duarte , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe consumption of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has increased in recent years due its high content of omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fiber. This seed also has a high concentration of proteins and essential amino acids, becoming a promising source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this review was to identify the composition and the beneficial effects of chia seeds (S. hispanica L.), their proteins, peptides, and their potential impact on human health. The UniProt database was used to identify the chia proteins and their amino acid sequences. The BIOPEP database was used to analyze the peptides's bioactive potential. A total of 20 proteins were cataloged in chia seed, 12 of those were involved in the regular metabolic processes of the plant cells. However, eight proteins were specifically related to production and storage of plant lipids, thus explaining the high concentration of lipids in chia seeds (around 30%), especially omega‐3 fatty acids (around 20%). The analyses of amino acid sequences showed peptides with bioactive potential, including dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and antioxidant capacity. These results correlated with the main health benefits of whole chia seed in humans such as antioxidant capacity, and hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anticholesterolemic effects. Such relation can be associated with chia protein and peptide compositions and therefore needs further investigation in vitro and in vivo.
Conservation of physiological dysregulation signatures of aging across primates
Authors: Dansereau Gabriel , Wey Tina W. , Legault Véronique , Brunet Marie A. , Kemnitz Joseph W. , Ferrucci Luigi , Cohen Alan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo major goals in the current biology of aging are to identify general mechanisms underlying the aging process and to explain species differences in aging. Recent research in humans suggests that one important driver of aging is dysregulation, the progressive loss of homeostasis in complex biological networks. Yet, there is a lack of comparative data for this hypothesis, and we do not know whether dysregulation is widely associated with aging or how well signals of homeostasis are conserved. To address this knowledge gap, we use unusually detailed longitudinal biomarker data from 10 species of nonhuman primates housed in research centers and data from two human populations to test the hypotheses that (a) greater dysregulation is associated with aging across primates and (b) physiological states characterizing homeostasis are conserved across primates to degrees associated with phylogenetic proximity. To evaluate dysregulation, we employed a multivariate distance measure, calculated from sets of biomarkers, that is associated with aging and mortality in human populations. Dysregulation scores positively correlated with age and risk of mortality in most nonhuman primates studied, and signals of homeostatic state were significantly conserved across species, declining with phylogenetic distance. Our study provides the first broad demonstration of physiological dysregulation associated with aging and mortality risk in multiple nonhuman primates. Our results also imply that emergent signals of homeostasis are evolutionarily conserved, although with notable variation among species, and suggest promising directions for future comparative studies on dysregulation and the aging process.
p53‐Mediated Activities in NS‐5 Neural Stem Cells: Effects of Ethanol
Authors: Miller Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundTransforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and ethanol (EtOH) powerfully inhibit the proliferation, DNA repair, and survival of neural stem cells (NSCs). The present study tests the hypothesis that the EtOH‐induced DNA damage response is mediated through p53 pathways and influenced by growth factor signals.MethodsCultures of nonimmortalized NSCs, NS‐5 cells, were transfected with p53 siRNA, exposed to either the mitogenic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 or antimitogenic TGFβ1, and to EtOH. Stage‐specific cellular and genomic responses were examined.Resultsp53 status, EtOH exposure, and growth factor significantly affected the expression of transcripts related to the DNA damage response (including those coding for excision repair proteins), mitotic promoters, and regulators of cell death via the tumor necrosis factor pathway. There were significant compensatory increases in p53 family members, p63 and p73, notably in regard to the regulation of cell cycle restriction and apoptosis. Treatment with p53 siRNA potentiated EtOH‐ and TGFβ1‐induced changes in the numbers of proliferating NSCs and increased the proportion of NSCs expressing the apoptotic marker annexin V.ConclusionsThus, it appears that EtOH and TGFβ1 affect proliferation, DNA repair, and survival of NSCs via p53‐mediated activities.
Ultrahigh‐resolution MRI reveals structural brain differences in serotonin transporter knockout rats after sucrose and cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Karel Peter , Van der Toorn Annette , Vanderschuren Louk , Guo Chao , Sadighi Alvandi Mina , Reneman Liesbeth , Dijkhuizen Rick , Verheij Michel M. M. , Homberg Judith R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExcessive use of cocaine is known to induce changes in brain white and gray matter. It is unknown whether the extent of these changes is related to individual differences in vulnerability to cocaine addiction. One factor increasing vulnerability involves reduced expression of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT). Human studies have shown that inherited 5‐HTT downregulation is associated with structural changes in the brain. These genotype‐related structural changes may contribute to risk for cocaine addiction. Here, we tested this idea by using ultrahigh‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on postmortem tissue of 5‐HTT−/− and wild‐type (5‐HTT+/+) rats with a history of long access to cocaine or sucrose (control) self‐administration. We found that 5‐HTT−/− rats, compared with wild‐type control animals, self‐administered more cocaine, but not sucrose, under long‐access conditions. Ultrahigh‐resolution structural MRI subsequently revealed that, independent of sucrose or cocaine self‐administration, 5‐HTT−/− rats had a smaller amygdala. Moreover, we found an interaction between genotype and type of reward for dorsal raphe nucleus volume. The data point to an important but differential role of the amygdala and dorsal raphe nucleus in 5‐HTT genotype–dependent vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
What contributes to resilience in cancer patients? A principal component analysis of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale
Authors: Tan Wei Son , Beatty Lisa , Kemp Emma , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeResearch suggests resilience is a complex multifactorial construct, which may improve health outcomes in cancer, but significant controversy exists regarding its definition and measurement. This study aimed to determine the components of resilience and their relative weight, as measured by the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale in cancer patients.MethodsAs part of a larger study, a questionnaire including the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale was distributed to 228 cancer patients. Principal component analysis was performed to identify the components of resilience measured by the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale.ResultsPrincipal component analysis yielded six factors: (1) personal strength and problem‐based coping, (2) spirituality/fate, (3) social support, (4) adaptability and flexibility, (5) giving best efforts and (6) self‐determination, explaining 64.27% of the variance.ConclusionThe Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale accounts for approximately two‐thirds of variance in resilience in cancer patients, but 36% of the total variance remains unexplained, suggesting there are still unexplored determinants of resilience in cancer. Identification of these determinants may improve measurement of resilience in cancer through refinement of existing resilience measures or development of cancer‐specific measures. Given the associations found within this study, interventions targeted towards improving coping strategies in at‐risk individuals, and ensuring they have adequate social and spiritual support may improve resilience, although additional research is required to verify this.
Editorial: simplifying screening for primary liver cancer – do the LCR1 and LCR2 tests hold the key?
Authors: Drake Thomas M. , Bird Thomas G. 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Poynard et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15082 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15135.
Editorial: identifying candidates for pegylated interferon add‐on to entecavir therapy in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Peng Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liem et al and Liem and Janssen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15098 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15155.
Cross-Sectional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Incidence Estimation Accounting for Heterogeneity Across Communities
Authors: Xu Yuejia , Laeyendecker Oliver , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccurate estimation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates is crucial for the monitoring of HIV epidemics, the evaluation of prevention programs, and the design of prevention studies. Traditional cohort approaches to measure HIV incidence require repeatedly testing large cohorts of HIV-uninfected individuals with an HIV diagnostic test (eg, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for long periods of time to identify new infections, which can be prohibitively costly, time-consuming, and subject to loss to follow-up. Cross-sectional approaches based on the usual HIV diagnostic test and biomarkers of recent infection offer important advantages over standard cohort approaches, in terms of time, cost, and attrition. Cross-sectional samples usually consist of individuals from different communities. However, small sample sizes limit the ability to estimate community-specific incidence and existing methods typically ignore heterogeneity in incidence across communities. We propose a permutation test for the null hypothesis of no heterogeneity in incidence rates across communities, develop a random-effects model to account for this heterogeneity and to estimate community-specific incidence, and provide one way to estimate the coefficient of variation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and apply them to the data from the National Institute of Mental Health Project ACCEPT, a phase 3 randomized controlled HIV prevention trial in Sub-Saharan Africa, to estimate the overall and community-specific HIV incidence rates.
Measure reliability of the Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Children Scale via Rasch analysis
Authors: Heritage Brody , Mancini Vincent , Rigoli Daniela , Piek Jan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe self‐concept of children has an impact on later behavioural development and psychopathology; therefore, evidence of the accurate measurement of self‐concept is important. Harter and Pike's (1984, Child Development, 55, 1969) commonly used measure of self‐concept, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Children, has demonstrated varying evidence of its construct validity and reliability, particularly with preschool‐ or kindergarten‐aged participants.AimTo examine the measurement properties of the Acceptance and Competence measures, and to substantiate the measures’ adequacy within the latter participant age range.SampleOne hundred and ninety‐seven preschool or kindergarten‐aged children (M = 5.40 years, SD = 0.30) provided data as part of the Animal Fun study over three measurement periods.MethodsThe study conducted a pair of Rasch analyses on the Acceptance and Competence measures described prior, with adherence to the assumptions of univariate measurement, item fit, item invariance, and response category adequacy examined as part of these analyses.ResultsWhile the Acceptance measure demonstrated adequate reliability outside of some potentially misfitting items, the study identified several limitations for the Competence measure, including potential gender‐based and verbal IQ‐based response biases.ConclusionsPractitioners and research applications of these subscales may benefit from the response recoding recommendations provided in this study for the Acceptance measure, as they improved the measure's properties. The study provides potential solutions to item adequacy concerns, and avenues for future research, involving these measures.
Modelling bat distributions and diversity in a mountain landscape using focal predictors in ensemble of small models
Authors: Scherrer Daniel , Christe Philippe , Guisan Antoine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimBats are important components of mammalian biodiversity and strong bioindicators, but their fine‐scale distributions often remain less known than other taxa (e.g., plants, birds). Yet as highly mobile species with multiple needs in the landscape, bats impose serious modelling challenges, such as advanced use of neighbourhood analyses. The aims of this study were to test the use of a designed sampling of bats for biodiversity and conservation assessments, and to find appropriate modelling solutions for providing nature practitioners with reliable potential bat distribution maps in a mountain area of high conservation interest.LocationThe western Swiss Alps of Vaud.MethodsWe conducted a one‐year field survey combining passive acoustic recordings supplemented by mist net catching to collect data on bats. These data were then used to create univariate models with focal land use/cover variables using different focal window sizes to detect the optimal species‐specific scale of influence for each variable. The large number of selected variables was then used to create ensembles of small models at a 100 m × 100 m resolution, and the resulting habitat suitability maps were transformed into species distribution maps for practitioners.ResultsWe were able to collect data to model 14 different bat species representing 66% of the Swiss bat diversity, including four red list species. In general, the most important variables were Euclidean distance to road or water, temperature and slope, but there was large variation among species both for the variable importance and for the optimal focal window size.Main conclusionOur study greatly increased the knowledge of bats in this region and showed that many of the red list species are nowadays disappearing from the intensively used lowland plains and restricted to the remaining forests along the slopes. Additionally, we highlighted the importance of selecting the variable scale on a species‐specific basis accounting for their mobility and range sizes.
Habitat overlap of juvenile and adult lake trout of Great Bear Lake: Evidence for lack of a predation gradient?
Authors: Chavarie Louise , Howland Kimberly L. , Harris Les N. , Hansen Mike J. , Gallagher Colin P. , Harford William J. , Tonn William M. , Muir Andrew M. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA range of organisms, from plankton to fish, commonly shift their habitat distributions horizontally or vertically due to predation risk. Juvenile lake trout,Salvelinus namaycush, are generally viewed as occupying deep areas of lakes to decrease predation pressure from adults. In contrast, we found that juvenile lake trout from Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada, occupied a variety of habitats and from shallow to deep depths (0–150 m), overlapping with adult lake trout. No evidence occurred for a length depth‐based segregation (e.g., ontogenetic shift). Genetic variation was also similar among juveniles in the different depth zones. However, isotopic niches and C:N ratios among juveniles showed some variability in niche widths and positions for individuals caught from the 51–150 m zone compared to juvenile individuals caught from 0–20 m and 21–50 m zones. The uniformly distributed adult lake trout in Great Bear Lake may evenly distribute predation pressure (including cannibalism) across shallow‐ and deep‐water habitats more than in other lakes. As a result, juveniles may respond to differences in foraging opportunities rather than predation risks. Juvenile lake trout did not appear to conform to the general pattern of juveniles seeking a deep‐water refuge to reduce predation risks. In contrast, juvenile lake trout of Great Bear Lake displayed broad resource use across all depths and habitats.
Curcumin reduces development of seizurelike events in the hippocampal‐entorhinal cortex slice culture model for epileptogenesis
Authors: Drion Cato M. , Kooijman Lieneke , Aronica Eleonora , van Vliet Erwin A. , Wadman Wytse J. , Chameau Pascal , Gorter Jan A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveInhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway could be antiepileptogenic in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), possibly via anti‐inflammatory actions. We studied effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and the anti‐inflammatory compound curcumin—also reported to inhibit the mTOR pathway—on epileptogenesis and inflammation in an in vitro organotypic hippocampal‐entorhinal cortex slice culture model.MethodsBrain slices containing hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were obtained from 6‐day‐old rat pups and maintained in culture for up to 3 weeks. Rapamycin or curcumin was added to the culture medium from day 2 in vitro onward. Electrophysiological recordings revealed epileptiformlike activity that developed over 3 weeks.ResultsIn week 3, spontaneous seizurelike events (SLEs) could be detected using whole cell recordings from CA1 principal neurons. The percentage of recorded CA1 neurons displaying SLEs was lower in curcumin‐treated slice cultures compared to vehicle‐treated slices (25.8% vs 72.5%), whereas rapamycin did not reduce SLE occurrence significantly (52%). Western blot for phosphorylated‐S6 (pS6) and phosphorylated S6K confirmed that rapamycin inhibited the mTOR pathway, whereas curcumin only lowered pS6 expression at one phosphorylation site. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated a trend toward lower expression of inflammatory markers IL‐1β and IL‐6 and transforming growth factor β after 3 weeks of treatment with rapamycin and curcumin compared to vehicle.SignificanceOur results show that curcumin suppresses SLEs in the combined hippocampal‐entorhinal cortex slice culture model and suggest that its antiepileptogenic effects should be further investigated in experimental models of TLE.
Transepidermal UV radiation of scalp skin ex vivo induces hair follicle damage that is alleviated by the topical treatment with caffeine
Authors: Gherardini Jennifer , Wegner Jeannine , Chéret Jérémy , Ghatak Sushmita , Lehmann Janin , Alam Majid , Jimenez Francisco , Funk Wolfgang , Böhm Markus , Botchkareva Natalia V. , Ward Chris , Paus Ralf , Bertolini Marta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin has been extensively studied, very little is known on how UVR impacts on hair follicle (HF) homeostasis. Here, we investigated how solar spectrum UVR that hits the human skin surface impacts on HF biology, and whether any detrimental effects can be mitigated by a widely used cosmetic and nutraceutical ingredient, caffeine.MethodsHuman scalp skin with terminal HFs was irradiated transepidermally ex vivo using either 10 J/cm2 UVA (340–440 nm) + 20 mJ/cm2 UVB (290–320 nm) (low dose) or 50 J/cm2 UVA + 50 mJ/cm2 UVB (high dose) and organ‐cultured under serum‐free conditions for 1 or 3 days. 0.1% caffeine (5.15 mmol/L) was topically applied for 3 days prior to UV exposure with 40 J/cm2 UVA + 40 mJ/cm2 UVB and for 3 days after UVR. The effects on various toxicity and vitality read‐out parameters were measured in defined skin and HF compartments.ResultsConsistent with previous results, transepidermal UVR exerted skin cytotoxicity and epidermal damage. Treatment with high and/or low UVA+UVB doses also induced oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in human HFs. In addition, it decreased proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HF outer root sheath (ORS) and hair matrix (HM) keratinocytes, stimulated catagen development, differentially regulated the expression of HF growth factors, and induced perifollicular mast cell degranulation. UVR‐mediated HF damage was more severe after irradiation with high UVR dose and reached also proximal HF compartments. The topical application of 0.1% caffeine did not induce skin or HF cytotoxicity and stimulated the expression of IGF‐1 in the proximal HF ORS. However, it promoted keratinocyte apoptosis in selected HF compartments. Moreover, caffeine provided protection towards UVR‐mediated HF cytotoxicity and dystrophy, keratinocyte apoptosis, and tendential up‐regulation of the catagen‐promoting growth factor.ConclusionOur study highlights the clinical relevance of our scalp UV irradiation ex vivo assay and provides the first evidence that transepidermal UV radiation negatively affects important human HF functions. This suggests that it is a sensible prophylactic strategy to integrate agents such as caffeine that can act as HF photoprotectants into sun‐protective cosmeceutical and nutraceutical formulations.