bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiologic links between environmental and lifestyle factors and Essential tremor
Authors: Ong Yi‐Lin , Deng Xiao , Tan Eng‐King 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is one of the most common adult movement disorders, characterized by clinical tremor and other nonmotor symptoms. It is a progressive disease that shares features with other neurodegenerative diseases. ET is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental underpinnings. While genetic forms of ET are well recognized, the role of environmental and lifestyle factors in ET has been debated. Studies suggest that exposure to neurotoxic compounds such as β‐carboline alkaloids and ethanol are potential risk factors for ET, while antioxidant intake may be protective. In addition, smoking acts as a protective factor in ET, parallel to its effects in other neurological diseases. New evidence points to pesticide and lead exposure as potential risk factors. There is growing evidence to suggest that environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in ET but additional research is needed in order to completely understand their cause and effect association. There is also a need for larger case‐control and prospective cohort studies across different populations to further evaluate the etiological importance of these factors in ET.
Adaptive switching control based on limited multiple models
Authors: Yin Qitian , Wang Mao , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the limited multiple models system identification scheme with third‐level adaptation is proposed to build the virtual identification model for the control of the closed‐loop system. First, the dynamical switching identification models subbank is constructed based on the performance index. Next, the virtual identification model is build through the combination of the identification models in the dynamical switching subbank. Then, the combination proportion of the models is adaptively tuning with the third‐level adaptation. The main contribution of this paper is that the proposed dynamical system identification method can overcome system resources waste of the multiple models switching with second‐level adaptation, and it does not require that all of the identification models combine directly. Finally, the simulation is provided to illustrate its effectiveness.
Algorithms of adaptive tracking of unknown multisinusoidal signals in linear systems with arbitrary input delay
Authors: Gerasimov Dmitry N. , Miliushin Aleksandr S. , Nikiforov Vladimir O. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe problem of adaptive tracking control is addressed for the class of linear time‐invariant plants with known parameters and arbitrary known input delay. The reference signal is a priori unknown and is represented by a sum of biased harmonics with unknown amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. Asymptotic tracking is provided by predictive adjustable control with parameters generated by one of three designed adaptation algorithms. The first algorithm is based on a gradient scheme and ensures zero steady‐state tracking error with all signals bounded. The other two algorithms additionally involve the scheme with fast parametric convergence improving the closed‐loop system performance. In all the algorithms, the problem of delay compensation is resolved by special augmentation of tracking error. The adjustable control law proposed do not require identification of the reference signal parameters.
A Novel Strategy for the Selection of Polysulfide Adsorbents Toward High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shang Xiaonan , Qin Tianfeng , Guo Pengqian , Sun Kai , Su Hao , Tao Kun , He Deyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelection of polysulfide adsorbents for most lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) has only one purpose, which is to suppress the shuttle effect. However, addition of the polysulfides adsorbents inevitably reduces the energy density of LSBs. In this article, a new idea to select a polar cathode material whose discharge–charge voltage coincides with sulfur is proposed. It can adsorb polysulfides and provides part of capacity in the discharge of LSBs. TiO2 is used as an example to prove the feasibility of such an idea, and prepares a sandwich structure cathode via a simple method. In situ X‐ray diffraction is carried out to directly monitor the structural changes of the sandwich‐structured cathode during the discharge–charge processes. The experimental data verify the idea and the work provides a new strategy for the selection of polysulfide adsorbents in the future.
Plasmonic Lithography: Recent Progress
Authors: Hong Fan , Blaikie Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlasmonic lithography has received extensive attention as both a potential candidate for next generation lithography and as an interesting testbed to test the fundamental resolution limits of optical imaging and patterning. Owing to the utilization of the otherwise lost evanescent near fields containing high frequency information, surface plasmon‐based lithographic techniques can break the diffraction limit in conventional photolithography; resolution down to approximately 20 nm using visible light has been experimentally demonstrated, and theoretical studies have analyzed methods that have the potential for creating nanopatterns with sub‐10 nm resolution. This paper reviews the research progress and various modalities of plasmonic lithography, addresses current obstacles and problems, and provides an outlook for practical application.
Plasmonic Near‐Complete Optical Absorption and Its Applications
Authors: Ng Charlene , Wesemann Lukas , Panchenko Evgeniy , Song Jingchao , Davis Timothy J. , Roberts Ann , Gómez Daniel E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNear‐complete absorption of light has the potential to underpin advances in photodetection, advanced chemistry, coloration of materials, and energy. This review paper reports recent progress on the development of metasurfaces and thin film structures that produce strong absorption bands in the visible and longer wavelength regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, due in part to the excitation of plasmonic resonances. Proof‐of‐concept demonstrations are discussed for applications of these in chemical sensing, the generation of structural color, the creation of optoelectronic devices, and photocatalysis. Emerging future applications are also discussed.
Printing of Highly Vivid Structural Colors on Metal Substrates with a Metal‐Dielectric Double Layer
Authors: Seo Minseok , Kim Jaeyong , Oh Harim , Kim Man , Baek In Uk , Choi Kwang‐Deok , Byun Ji Young , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aesthetic functions of metals have attracted increasing attention, and their colorization is of scientific and technological significance. This study demonstrates that vivid structural colors can be produced on stainless steel and Al, which are two of the most commonly used metals. It is well known that a transparent dielectric film coated onto a substrate exhibits a rippled spectrum consisting of alternating reflectance minima and maxima due to multibeam interference, making it appear colored. However, such a film does not produce strong colors on a highly reflective metallic substrate, because the resulting interference ripple has small amplitudes. Herein, very vivid colors are generated by coating a thin metal layer over a dielectric film, where the metal layer adjusts the amount of light incident into the dielectric and strengthens the interference effect. The hue and saturation of the produced colors are controllable by changing the thicknesses of the dielectric and metallic layers. Additionally, color images are printed by locally controlling the layer thicknesses. This method has potential for various applications ranging from surface decoration and visual arts to optical filters and perfect absorbers.
Shining Light on Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks: Preparing, Reconfiguring, and Driving Soft Actuators
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Chao , Xiao Yao‐Yu , Zhao Yue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSoft actuators based on liquid crystal polymer networks (LCNs) have emerged as an exciting research topic due to many envisioned applications in areas such as soft robotics and self‐regulating devices. The infatuation stems from the amazing ability of LCNs to display reversible, large amplitude, and complex shape change as well as locomotion upon a stimuli‐triggered phase transition of mesogens between ordered liquid crystal and disordered isotropic state. Among the various stimuli, light arguably is the most attractive choice. Light can easily be adjusted for its wavelength, intensity, or polarization, structured by means of photomasks or interference patterns, and applied to a target remotely and with high spatiotemporal resolution. Indeed, much research effort is dedicated to LCN actuators that are designed to respond to light in many ways, with light being used not only as an external energy source to drive the shape changes or motion of LCN actuators, but also as a versatile tool in their fabrication and reconfiguration. In this Review, recent achievements are highlighted, a number of important issues are discussed, and critical analysis on the use of light in making, reconfiguring, and driving LCN actuators is provided.
Gallium Polymorphs: Phase‐Dependent Plasmonics
Authors: Gutiérrez Yael , Losurdo Maria , García‐Fernández Pablo , Sainz de la Maza Marta , González Francisco , Brown April S. , Everitt Henry O. , Junquera Javier , Moreno Fernando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterest in gallium (Ga) is growing rapidly, thanks in part to its wide spectral tunability and its intriguing temperature‐dependent polymorphism. In order to exploit and control phase‐change plasmonics in the liquid and solid phases of Ga, an accurate understanding of the dielectric functions for each Ga phase is needed. A comprehensive analysis of the interdependence of the crystal structure, band structure, and dielectric function of the several Ga phases (liquid, α, β, γ, δ) is presented, showing that the selective presence of flat bands in the vicinity of the Fermi energy is crucial to understand the metallicity of each phase. The dielectric function obtained through first principles calculations is compared with experimental measurements obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Cooling liquid Ga always produces a mixture of phases, and how the volume fraction of each phase may be deduced from these pure phase dielectric functions and an analysis of the measured spectra using a Bruggeman effective medium approximation is demonstrated. Figures of merit are presented, and applications of Ga polymorphism are discussed for propagating and localized surface plasmon resonances in Ga thin films and nanostructures, respectively. This research can have important implications on the phase change control for plasmonics/photonic applications with gallium.
Mechanism‐Guided Design of Highly Efficient Protein Secretion and Lipid Conversion for Biomanufacturing and Biorefining
Authors: Xie Shangxian , Sun Su , Lin Furong , Li Muzi , Pu Yunqiao , Cheng Yanbing , Xu Bing , Liu Zhihua , da Costa Sousa Leonardo , Dale Bruce E. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Dai Susie Y. , Yuan Joshua S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBacterial protein secretion represents a significant challenge in biotechnology, which is essential for the cost‐effective production of therapeutics, enzymes, and other functional proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that proteomics‐guided engineering of transcription, translation, secretion, and folding of ligninolytic laccase balances the process, minimizes the toxicity, and enables efficient heterologous secretion with a total protein yield of 13.7 g L−1. The secretory laccase complements the biochemical limits on lignin depolymerization well in Rhodococcus opacus PD630. Further proteomics analysis reveals the mechanisms for the oleaginous phenotype of R. opacus PD630, where a distinct multiunit fatty acid synthase I drives the carbon partition to storage lipid. The discovery guides the design of efficient lipid conversion from lignin and carbohydrate. The proteomics‐guided integration of laccase‐secretion and lipid production modules enables a high titer in converting lignin‐enriched biorefinery waste to lipid. The fundamental mechanisms, engineering components, and design principle can empower transformative platforms for biomanufacturing and biorefining.
Site‐Specific Wetting of Iron Nanocubes by Gold Atoms in Gas‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Vernieres Jerome , Steinhauer Stephan , Zhao Junlei , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis , Ferrando Riccardo , Nordlund Kai , Djurabekova Flyura , Sowwan Mukhles 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA key challenge in nanotechnology is the rational design of multicomponent materials that beat the properties of their elemental counterparts. At the same time, when considering the material composition of such hybrid nanostructures and the fabrication process to obtain them, one should favor the use of nontoxic, abundant elements in view of the limited availability of critical metals and sustainability. Cluster beam deposition offers a solvent‐ and, therefore, effluent‐free physical synthesis method to achieve nanomaterials with tailored characteristics. However, the simultaneous control of size, shape, and elemental distribution within a single nanoparticle in a small‐size regime (sub‐10 nm) is still a major challenge, equally limiting physical and chemical approaches. Here, a single‐step nanoparticle fabrication method based on magnetron‐sputtering inert‐gas condensation is reported, which relies on selective wetting of specific surface sites on precondensed iron nanocubes by gold atoms. Using a newly developed Fe–Au interatomic potential, the growth mechanism is decomposed into a multistage model implemented in a molecular dynamics simulation framework. The importance of growth kinetics is emphasized through differences between structures obtained either experimentally or computationally, and thermodynamically favorable configurations determined via global optimization techniques. These results provide a roadmap for engineering complex nanoalloys toward targeted applications.
Tuning Ultrafast Photoinduced Strain in Ferroelectric‐Based Devices
Authors: Matzen Sylvia , Guillemot Loïc , Maroutian Thomas , Patel Sheena K. K. , Wen Haidan , DiChiara Anthony D. , Agnus Guillaume , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Fullerton Eric E. , Ravelosona Dafiné , Lecoeur Philippe , Kukreja Roopali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFerroelectric materials exhibit coupled degrees of freedom and possess a switchable electric polarization coupled to strain, making them good piezoelectrics and enabling numerous devices including nonvolatile memories, actuators, and sensors. Moreover, novel photovoltaic effects are encountered through the interplay of electric polarization with the material optical properties. Consequently, light‐induced deformation in ferroelectrics, or photostriction, combining photovoltaic and converse piezoelectric effects, is under investigation in the quest for multifunctional materials. Using time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction, the first control of ultrafast photoinduced strain is demonstrated through in situ tuning of the polarization state in ferroelectric‐based devices. Both the magnitude and the sign of the photoinduced strain strongly depend on the transient photoinduced change of the internal electric field in the ferroelectric layer, and can be actively engineered to achieve two distinct remanent photostrictive responses. These results provide fundamental insight into light–matter interaction in ferroelectrics and exciting new avenues for materials functionality engineering.
Laser‐Triggered Large Magnetoresistance Change Observed in Corbino Disk of Cu/SiO2/Si
Authors: Dong Xinyuan , Zheng Diyuan , Yuan Meng , Zhou Peiqi , Niu Yiru , Dong Anhua , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Corbino disk is used to study magnetoresistance as it eliminates Hall‐voltage interference and allows for direct probing of bulk properties. A laser‐triggered magnetoresistance effect in the Corbino disk of a Cu/SiO2/Si structure is reported. When a laser is applied, the magnetoresistance is greatly improved, by 360 times, under a 635 nm laser and a 2.1T magnetic field. In addition, the effect shows a close connection with the geometry of the nanoscale metal‐film structure. This effect is attributed to an increase in carrier concentration and bending of the motion path under the laser and magnetic field. This work suggests a new approach for the exploration of the magnetoelectric properties of nanoscale metal films and opens a new window on the use of light to adjust magnetoresistance devices.
Tunable Magnetic Response in 2D Materials via Reversible Intercalation of Paramagnetic Ions
Authors: Li Kerui , Chang Ting‐Hsiang , Xie Qidong , Cheng Youdong , Yang Haitao , Chen Jingsheng , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe unique properties of 2D materials spur fundamental studies and advanced technologies. As one of the important properties, magnetism is highly desired to be incorporated into various 2D materials for an active magnetic response, yet it remains challenging to develop a generalized and controllable method to magnetize a wide‐range of 2D materials reversibly. In this work, a reversible magnetization method is demonstrated for introducing the active magnetic response to various 2D material multilayers, ranging from graphene oxide (GO) to montmorillonite, titanium carbide (MXene), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and metal–organic framework, via the de‐/intercalation of holmium ions (Ho3+). The magnetic response can be tuned up to eight‐ to tenfold increases of the magnetic susceptibilities in all 2D materials by simply controlling the soaking time in the Ho ion solution. Moreover, the magnetic response can be quickly reversed by undergoing a rinsing process in dilute acids together with the recovery of intrinsic physicochemical properties of 2D materials. As a result, the improved magnetic response allows manipulation of the magnetized 2D materials, enabling the development of a magnet‐assisted transfer process for large‐area 2D material films as well as the fabrication of magnetically responsive 2D material actuators.
Ultrathin TiOx Interface‐Mediated ZnO‐Nanowire Memristive Devices Emulating Synaptic Behaviors
Authors: Xiao Ming , Yeow Travis , Nguyen Viet Huong , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Musselman Kevin P. , Duley Walter W. , Zhou Y. Norman 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne‐dimensional semiconductor nanowires have been widely used as important building blocks in a number of devices. However, the performance of these devices is seriously hindered by the surface states/defects on the nanowires, which is a great obstacle to the realization of controllable and predictable characteristics. The introduction of an ultrathin metal oxide layer between Au electrodes and a ZnO nanowire is used to eliminate the surface effects of the nanowires, leading to improved volatile threshold switching performance. Study of the conduction mechanism demonstrates that the TiOx interfacial layer functions as a barrier between the electrodes and the nanowire, wherein the oxygen defects provide localized trap sites for electron hopping in a low electric field as well as assisting electron tunneling in a high electric field. Several key synaptic functions, including excitatory current response, facilitation and depression, and short‐term plasticity, are realized with this modified nanowire device, which is promising for neuromorphic computing applications. Interface engineering between electrodes and semiconductor nanowires can help in the realization of high‐performance memristive devices, allowing new approaches to the assembly of neuromorphic systems with nanometer‐sized features.
Fusing Nanowires into Thin Films: Fabrication of Graded‐Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Hanjun , Chen Min , Padture Nitin P. , Chen Ou , Zhou Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently experienced a rapid rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the prevailing PSCs with conventional mesoscopic or planar device architectures still contain nonideal perovskite/hole‐transporting‐layer (HTL) interfaces, limiting further enhancement in PCE and device stability. In this work, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires are employed for modifying the surface electronic states of bulk perovskite thin films, forming compositionally‐graded heterojunction at the perovskite/HTL interface of PSCs. The nanowire morphology is found to be key to achieving lateral homogeneity in the perovskite film surface states resulting in a near‐ideal graded heterojunction. The hidden role of such lateral homogeneity on the performance of graded‐heterojunction PSCs is revealed for the first time. The resulting PSCs show high PCE up to 21.4%, as well as high operational stability, which is superior to control PSCs fabricated without CsPbBr3‐nanocrystals modification and with CsPbBr3‐nanocubes modification. This study demonstrates the promise of controlled hybridization of perovskite nanowires and bulk thin films for more efficient and stable PSCs.
Gas hold‐up and bubble behavior in an upflow packed bed column in the limit of low flow rate
Authors: Taghavi Mahsa , Balakotaiah Vemuri 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceGas–liquid up‐flow in a packed bed is studied experimentally in the limit of zero flow rate. Two patterns of bubble behavior are detected based on the magnitude of the Bond number (Bo). The gas hold‐up of the bed is found to be nonmonotonic with a maximum around Bo of unity. The bubble to particle diameter ratio is found to scale inversely with Bo.
Rational design of double salt ionic liquids as extraction solvents: Separation of thiophene/n‐octane as example
Authors: Song Zhen , Hu Xutao , Zhou Yageng , Zhou Teng , Qi Zhiwen , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough double salt ionic liquids (DSILs) offer significant advantages over classical two‐ion ionic liquids as separation solvents, relevant studies are still scarce and a systematic DSIL selection method is thus highly desirable. In this contribution, a rational method for designing DSILs as extraction solvents is proposed and exemplified by the thiophene/n‐octane separation. The effects of additional degrees of freedom for DSIL design (i.e., double cations and/or anions and the ion ratio) on the thermodynamic properties are first analyzed by COSMO‐RS. Then, a multilevel DSIL design method combining the prediction of infinite dilution thermodynamic properties, the estimation of physical properties, the evaluation of phase equilibrium behavior, and the experimental validation is proposed. By applying this method, [C2MIm][OAc]
x[NO3]1‐x (x = [0, 1]) and [C2MIm][OAc]
x[SCN]1‐x (x = [0.70, 1]) are identified as promising DSIL solvents for the thiophene/n‐octane separation. Correspondingly, the liquid–liquid equilibria of {DSILs + thiophene + n‐octane} with the designed DSILs are experimentally studied.