bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy protects the kidney from acute ischemic injury
Authors: Popkov Vasily A. , Andrianova Nadezda V. , Manskikh Vasily N. , Silachev Denis N. , Pevzner Irina B. , Zorova Ljubava D. , Sukhikh Gennady T. , Plotnikov Egor Y. , Zorov Dmitry B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA complex analysis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pregnant women shows that it is caused by the interaction of gestation-associated pathologies and beneficial signaling pathways activated by pregnancy. Studies report an increase in the regeneration of some organs during pregnancy. However, the kidney response to the injury during pregnancy has not been addressed. We investigated the mechanisms of the pregnancy influence on AKI. During pregnancy, the kidneys were shown to be more tolerant to AKI. Pregnant animals showed remarkable preservation of kidney functions after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) indicated by the decrease of serum creatinine levels. The pregnant rats also demonstrated a significant decrease in kidney injury markers and an increase in protective markers. Two months after the I/R, group of pregnant animals had a decreased level of fibrosis in the kidney tissue. These effects are likely linked to increased cell proliferation after injury: using real-time cell proliferation monitoring we demonstrated that after ischemic injury, cells isolated from pregnant animal kidneys had higher proliferation potential vs. control animals; it was also supported by an increase of proliferation marker PCNA levels in kidneys of pregnant animals. We suggest that these effects are associated with hormonal changes in the maternal organism, since hormonal pseudopregnancy simulated effects of pregnancy.
More Prevalent Prescription of Medicine for Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome in Males from Couples Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Elenkov A. , Al-Jebari Y. , Giwercman A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRegister-based studies have indicated that men with impaired fertility are at higher risk for developing various adult-onset diseases than fertile men. The majority of men undergoing ICSI treatment are sub-fertile and since they are in contact with the health care system, these men are well suited as target for preventive measures. Our study included all men (N = 459 766) who had fathered children in Sweden between 2006 and 2016. Swedish registry data was used for obtaining information regarding conception method and defining three groups of fathers – ICSI -treated, IVF – treated and non IVF/ICSI. By sourcing data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, we specifically searched for information regarding prescription and usage of at least one prescription for diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HT) or dyslipidemia to serve as a proxy for metabolic disease among the study groups. If all three types of medicine were prescribed, the patient was considered as having metabolic syndrome. Our results indicate male partners in couples who became parents using ICSI to be at higher risk for being treated for hypertension (HR = 1.15 95% CI: 1.06–1.24, p = 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (HR = 1.28 95% CI: 1.01–1.58, p = 0.042) when compared to non IVF/ICSI men.
Antimicrobial genes from Allium sativum and Pinellia ternata revealed by a Bacillus subtilis expression system
Authors: Kong Xi , Yang Mei , Abbas Hafiz Muhammad Khalid , Wu Jia , Li Mengge , Dong Wubei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial genes are found in all classes of life. To efficiently isolate these genes, we used Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli as target indicator bacteria and transformed them with cDNA libraries. Among thousands of expressed proteins, candidate proteins played antimicrobial roles from the inside of the indicator bacteria (internal effect), contributing to the sensitivity (much more sensitivity than the external effect from antimicrobial proteins working from outside of the cells) and the high throughput ability of screening. We found that B. subtilis is more efficient and reliable than E. coli. Using the B. subtilis expression system, we identified 19 novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial genes. Proteins expressed by these genes were extracted and tested, exhibiting strong external antibacterial, antifungal and nematicidal activities. Furthermore, these newly isolated proteins could control plant diseases. Application of these proteins secreted by engineered B. subtilis in soil could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These proteins are thermally stable and suitable for clinical medicine, as they exhibited no haemolytic activity. Based on our findings, we speculated that plant, animal and human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or even cancer cells might be taken as the indicator target cells for screening specific resistance genes.
Improved collective influence of finding most influential nodes based on disjoint-set reinsertion
Authors: Zhu Fengkuangtian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIdentifying vital nodes in complex networks is a critical problem in the field of network theory. To this end, the Collective Influence (CI) algorithm has been introduced and shows high efficiency and scalability in searching for the influential nodes in the optimal percolation model. However, the crucial part of the CI algorithm, reinsertion, has not been significantly investigated or improved upon. In this paper, the author improves the CI algorithm and proposes a new algorithm called Collective-Influence-Disjoint-Set-Reinsertion (CIDR) based on disjoint-set reinsertion. Experimental results on 8 datasets with scales of a million nodes and 4 random graph networks demonstrate that the proposed CIDR algorithm outperforms other algorithms, including Betweenness centrality, Closeness centrality, PageRank centrality, Degree centrality (HDA), Eigenvector centrality, Nonbacktracking centrality and Collective Influence with original reinsertion, in terms of the Robustness metric. Moreover, CIDR is applied to an international competition on optimal percolation and ultimately ranks in 7th place.
High-affinity IgM+ memory B cells are defective in differentiation into IgM antibody-secreting cells by re-stimulation with a T cell-dependent antigen
Authors: Tashiro Yasuyuki , Murakami Akikazu , Hara Yasushi , Shimizu Takeyuki , Kubo Masato , Goitsuka Ryo , Kishimoto Hidehiro , Azuma Takachika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIgM antibodies (Abs) are thought to play a major role in humoral immunity but only at the early stage of the primary immune response. However, two subsets of IgM+ memory B cells (MBCs), one with high affinity gained by means of multiple somatic hypermutation (SHM) and the other with low affinity and no SHMs, are generated through the germinal center (GC)-dependent and GC-independent (non-GC) pathway, respectively, after immunization with (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-chicken γ-globulin. Surprisingly, an analysis of antibody-secreting cells reveals that a large amount of anti-NP IgM Ab with few SHMs is secreted during the recall response, indicating that only non-GC MBCs have terminal differentiation potential. Since secondary IgM Abs are capable of binding to dinitrophenyl ligands, they likely provide broad cross-reactivity in defense against microbial infection.
Migration dynamics of juvenile southern bluefin tuna
Authors: Patterson Toby A. , Eveson J. Paige , Hartog Jason R. , Evans Karen , Cooper Scott , Lansdell Matt , Hobday Alistair J. , Davies Campbell R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge scale migrations are a key component of the life history of many marine species. We quantified the annual migration cycle of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii; SBT) and spatiotemporal variability in this cycle, based on a multi-decadal electronic tagging dataset. Behaviour-switching models allowed for the identification of cohesive areas of residency and classified the temporal sequence of movements within a migration cycle from austral summer foraging grounds in the Great Australian Bight (GAB) to winter foraging grounds in the Indian Ocean and Tasman Sea and back to the GAB. Although specific regions within the Indian Ocean were frequented, individuals did not always return to the same area in consecutive years. Outward migrations from the GAB were typically longer than return migrations back to the GAB. The timing of individual arrivals to the GAB, which may be driven by seasonality in prey availability, was more cohesive than the timing of departures from the GAB, which may be subject to the physiological condition of SBT. A valuable fishery for SBT operates in the GAB, as do a number of scientific research programs designed to monitor SBT for management purposes; thus, understanding SBT migration to and from the area is of high importance to a number of stakeholders.
The first records of the occurrence of a North American invader Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River
Authors: Lewin Iga , Halabowski Dariusz , Rymarski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2018

The amphipod species Gammarus tigrinus, Sexton 1939 is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. The native range of its occurrence includes oligo- and mesohaline brackish waters with salinity of up to 14‰. Our survey was carried out in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River in Upper Silesia that is the most urbanised and industrialised region in Poland and constitutes one of the largest coal basins in the world. This survey uncovered the first occurrence of G. tigrinus with the maximum density of 1040 individuals m−2 in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River that have been polluted by coal mine water discharge. The occurrence of the invasive alien gastropod species, i.e. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) was also recorded in such salinised water. Our results showed that the anthropogenically salinised tributaries of the upper Vistula River constitute new habitats for euryhaline species and create new migration routes for alien and invasive species.
Immuntherapie eines inoperablen Bronchialkarzinoms
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie schnelle klinische Evaluierung und Zulassung von sogenannten Checkpoint-Inhibitoren bei mittlerweile zahlreichen Tumorentitäten hat das therapeutische onkologische Spektrum spürbar und effektiv bereichert. Nach Publikation der Phase-III-Studie „KEYNOTE-024“, die ein verbessertes Gesamtüberleben bei Behandlung mit Pembrolizumab im Vergleich zu platinhaltiger Standardtherapie zeigen konnte, wurde die Immuntherapie mit dem Antikörper auch in der EU in der ersten Therapielinie beim nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom zugelassen. Voraussetzung für den Einsatz sind das Vorliegen einer hohen Tumor PD-L1-Expression (>50%) und das Fehlen von aktivierenden Treibermutationen wie ALK, ROS und EGFR. Hier wird der Behandlungsverlauf eines Patienten mit inoperablem NSCLC und bipulmonaler Metastasierung vorgestellt.
MRI-Ultrasound Fusion Imaging for Diagnosis of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis – A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Berger Judith , Henneman Onno , Rhemrev Johann , Smeets Maddy , Jansen Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt was the aim of our study to evaluate this procedure using pelvic anatomical landmarks in order to assess the accuracy of fusion imaging and to critically evaluate the applicability in daily practice.In a prospective, single center study, 10 patients with clinical signs of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) were selected. We measured the distance between the landmark organ and the target shown by the software system (measurement 1). Measurement 2 depicts the distance between the landmark and the nearest calibration point. The calibration inaccuracy was measured as a third type of measurement (measurement 3).Measurement 1: the average distance between the organ landmark to the target was 13.6 mm (range: 0–96 mm). Measurement 2: in 31 of the 40 attempts (77.5 %), we could measure the distance from the landmark organ to the nearest calibration point. The average distance was 34.4 mm (range: 0–69 mm).Measurement 3: A perfect match was seen in 6 of 20 attempts (30.0 %). There was a deviation in 14 of the 20 attempts (70.0 %). The mean distance was 11.1 mm (range: 6–23 mm). Conclusion Although very promising, MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging (MUFI) currently cannot be readily implemented into daily practice as a routine evaluation of DIE.
Immuntherapien mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren – Eine Übersicht
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept, Zellen des Immunsystems so zu aktivieren, dass eine ausreichend effektive Immunantwort gegen Tumorzellen erzielt werden kann, ist nicht neu. Bis zur klinischen Einführung der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren konnte sich aber keine Form der Immuntherapie, seien es Zytokin-basierte Therapien oder Therapiekonzepte mit aktivierten Effektorzellen, als ausreichend effektiv durchsetzen. In dieser Übersicht werden die wichtigsten heute zugelassenen Checkpoint-Inhibitoren bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten vorgestellt.
Mitochondrien als potenzielle Zielstruktur in der Krebstherapie
Authors: Schmitt Sabine , Zischka Hans 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMitochondrien spielen für das Überleben, die metabolische Homöostase, das Wachstum und die Teilung (Proliferation) von Zellen eine entscheidende Rolle. Zu den herausragenden Funktionen dieser Organellen gehören insbesondere die effiziente zelluläre Energieproduktion, die Regulation des programmierten Zelltods und die Beteiligung am Zellmetabolismus durch den Auf-, Ab- und Umbau wichtiger zellulärer Moleküle. Um die besonderen Bedürfnisse von schnell proliferierenden Krebszellen erfüllen zu können, verändern Mitochondrien die Gewichtung dieser Funktionen durch eine Veränderung ihres molekularen Aufbaus. Diese molekularen Veränderungen stellen den zentralen Ansatzpunkt dar, um mitochondrial wirksame Chemotherapeutika („Mitocans“) mit hoher Tumorspezifität zu entwickeln. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die mitochondrialen Funktionen und dazugehörigen molekularen Grundlagen welche für die Wirkung solcher Mitocans von Bedeutung sind und gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand dieser Substanzen.
Zwischen Liberalität und Retraditionalisierung – Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen in Deutschland
Authors: Klein Verena , Brunner Franziska 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Sexualpolitische Themen wie das Recht von Frauen auf Informationen zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch, sexuelle Vielfalt als Thema des
Schulunterrichts und das Adoptionsrecht für homosexuelle Paare dominieren die öffentliche Debatte. Der sogenannte Wertekonflikt zwischen Liberalen versus
Konservativen / Linken versus Rechten lässt sich besonders in der Erforschung von Einstellungen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Themen erkennen. Während die Mehrzahl
der großen internationalen Survey-Untersuchungen zur Erfassung sexueller Verhaltensweisen Fragen zu sexualitätsbezogenen Einstellungen einbezog, existiert
bisher keine systematische, repräsentative Studie zu sexualitätsbezogenen Einstellungen in Deutschland.
Forschungsziele: Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, Einstellungen in Deutschland zu ausgewählten sexualitätsbezogenen Themen darzustellen: Sex
außerhalb der Ehe, gleichgeschlechtliche Sexualkontakte von Männern und Frauen, Sexarbeit, Schwangerschaftsabbruch sowie Promiskuität.
Methoden: Die Daten wurden im Rahmen der Pilotstudie zur Erwachsenensexualität in Deutschland (vgl. Matthiesen et al.
2018, in diesem Heft) erhoben. Insgesamt wurden die sexualitätsbezogenen Einstellungen von 950 Männern und Frauen im Alter zwischen 18 und 75 Jahren
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Durchschnittlich wurden die erhobenen Variablen eher akzeptierend beantwortet. Ausnahmen stellten die Einstellung zu Sex außerhalb der Ehe
sowie zu einer hohen Anzahl wechselnder Sexualpartner_innen dar – diese stießen auf weniger Akzeptanz im Vergleich zu den anderen sexualitätsbezogenen
Einstellungen.
Schlussfolgerung: In Deutschland überwiegen gegenwärtig liberale Einstellungen gegenüber gleichgeschlechtlichen Sexualkontakten, Schwangerschaftsabbruch
und Sexarbeit. Sex außerhalb der Ehe und ein promiskuitives Sexualverhalten stießen auf weniger Akzeptanz. Die Ergebnisse der Pilotstudie legen nahe, dass die
sexuellen Einstellungen der Deutschen eine permissive, aber monogame Werteorientierung unterstützen.
Sexuelle Identität, sexuelle Attraktion und sexuelles Verhalten – Dimensionen sexueller Orientierungen in der
Survey-Forschung
Authors: Cerwenka Susanne , Brunner Franziska 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Nach aktueller Forschungslage empfiehlt sich die Erfassung der Vielfältigkeit sexueller Orientierungen über die Dimensionen sexuelle
Identität, sexuelle Attraktion und sexuelles Verhalten, zumal empirische Studien zeigen, dass für einen Anteil von Personen die Dimensionen nicht kongruent
(übereinstimmend) beantwortet werden. Bei der Interpretation von Forschungsergebnissen muss daher die Operationalisierung von sexuellen Orientierungen
berücksichtigt werden.
Forschungsziele: Ziel der Studie ist es, anhand einer deutschen Stichprobe verschiedene Muster der drei Dimensionen sexueller Orientierungen bei Männern
und Frauen zu verdeutlichen.
Methoden: Es wurden anhand der Daten von 498 Männern und 481 Frauen mit heterosexueller, bisexueller und homosexueller Identität Muster kongruenter
(übereinstimmender) und inkongruenter (nicht übereinstimmender) Angaben zu den Dimensionen sexueller Orientierungen analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Ein Großteil der Männer (94.9 %) und Frauen (95.8 %) machte kongruente Angaben in den drei Dimensionen sexueller Orientierungen. Personen mit
bisexueller Identität zeigten am häufigsten nicht übereinstimmende Antwortmuster bzw. Inkongruenzen (Männer: 100 %, Frauen: 90.0 %). Kongruente homosexuelle
Orientierungen waren häufig mit einer Variabilität innerhalb der drei Dimensionen verbunden, die auch nur vorwiegend gleichgeschlechtliche sexuelle Attraktion
und sexuelles Verhalten beinhalten kann (Männer: 60.0 %, Frauen: 87.5 %), während kongruente heterosexuelle Orientierungen öfter als ausschließliche Bezogenheit
auf das andere Geschlecht beschrieben wurden (Männer: 89.2 %, Frauen: 78.0 %).
Schlussfolgerung: Im Vergleich zu Personen mit heterosexueller Identität zeigte sich bei Männern und Frauen mit homosexueller Identität eine größere
Variabilität zwischen sexueller Identität und Attraktion und/oder zwischen sexueller Identität und Verhalten. Limitationen quantitativer Forschung hinsichtlich
der Abbildung der Komplexität der menschlichen Sexualität sind kritisch zu diskutieren.
Am Rande der Sprache – Dankbarkeit
Authors: Strasser K. , Petzold E. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEine der wesentlichen Perspektiven der Hospizarbeit ist die Begleitung am Übergang zwischen Leben und Tod zwischen Endlichem und Unendlichen. Oft sind es Ehrenamtliche, die immer wieder von den in der letzten Lebensphase begleiteten Menschen etwas bekommen, was sie wie ein Geschenk erleben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird kurz über die Struktur der Hospizarbeit in Essen und Oberhausen berichtet. Eine quantitative Auswertung einer Fragebogenaktion wurde in der Zeitschrift für Palliativmedizin publiziert 2. Neben Alter, Geschlecht, Beginn der ehrenamtlichen Hospizarbeit und den Zeiten der Begleitung geht es uns hier zentral um immaterielle Geschenke der Begleitenden und derer, die sie Begleiten.
Trumpism: a disfigured Americanism
Authors: Yang Mimi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current cultural turmoil in the U.S. is much associated with Trumpism. This article asserts that Trumpism has its ideological root in nativism, a cultural tradition perpetuated by John Higham. To point out the disfigured Americanism in Trumpism, this paper theorizes the vertical America and the horizontal America, and dissects their complex interplay and symbiosis in an evolving American culture. The vertical Americanism sets hierarchies to secure power and control as well as maintain racial and cultural “purity;” the horizontal Americanism, epitomized by Martin Luther King and Barack Obama, equalizes and connects across races, creeds, and social classes. The color line (in Dubois’ term) thus becomes a converging and diverging boundary between the two Americas; it harbors and delineates Trumpism. It is argued that disfigurement of Americanism comes from a disruptive and destructive interplay of the vertical and the horizontal in Trump’s America.
Mutations of mitochondrial DNA are not major contributors to aging of fruit flies
Authors: Kauppila Timo E. S. , Bratic Ana , Jensen Martin Borch , Baggio Francesca , Partridge Linda , Jasper Heinrich , Grönke Sebastian , Larsson Nils-Göran 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Mutations of mtDNA accumulate in aging humans and other mammals to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in a subset of cells in various tissues. Furthermore, experimental induction of mtDNA mutations causes a premature aging syndrome in the mouse. To study if mitochondrial dysfunction is universally involved in shortening life span in metazoans, we generated a series of fruit fly lines with varying levels of mtDNA mutations. Unexpectedly, we report that fruit flies are remarkably tolerant to mtDNA mutations, as exemplified by their lack of effect on physiology and lifespan. Only an artificially induced, very drastic increase of the mtDNA mutation load will lead to reduced lifespan, showing that mtDNA mutations are unlikely to limit lifespan in natural fruit fly populations.
Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise
Authors: Suwabe Kazuya , Byun Kyeongho , Hyodo Kazuki , Reagh Zachariah M. , Roberts Jared M. , Matsushita Akira , Saotome Kousaku , Ochi Genta , Fukuie Takemune , Suzuki Kenji , Sankai Yoshiyuki , Yassa Michael A. , Soya Hideaki 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceOur previous work has shown that mild physical exercise can promote better memory in rodents. Here, we use functional MRI in healthy young adults to assess the immediate impact of a short bout of mild exercise on the brain mechanisms supporting memory processes. We find that this brief intervention rapidly enhanced highly detailed memory processing and resulted in elevated activity in the hippocampus and the surrounding regions, as well as increased coupling between the hippocampus and cortical regions previously known to support detailed memory processing. These findings represent a mechanism by which mild exercise, on par with yoga and tai chi, may improve memory. Future studies should test the long-term effects of regular mild exercise on age-related memory loss.
Genomic blueprint of a relapsing fever pathogen in 15th century Scandinavia
Authors: Guellil Meriam , Kersten Oliver , Namouchi Amine , Bauer Egil L. , Derrick Michael , Jensen Anne Ø. , Stenseth Nils C. , Bramanti Barbara 
Published: September 2018

SignificanceLouse-borne relapsing fever was one of the major diseases affecting Western human populations, with its last major pandemic killing millions after World War I. Despite the major role fevers have played in epidemic events throughout history, molecular evidence for the presence of their etiological agent has been extremely scarce in historical samples worldwide. By comparing our medievalBorrelia recurrentisgenome with modern representatives of the species, we offer an historical snapshot of genomic changes in an immune-evasion system and of reductive evolution in a specialized vector-borne human pathogen. This shotgun sequencing project highlights the potential for ancient DNA research to uncover pathogens which are undetectable to osteological analysis but are known to have played major roles in European health historically.