bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platforms without borders? The international strategies of digital platform firms
Authors: Stallkamp Maximilian , Schotter Andreas P. J. 
Published: January 2019

Research Summary: Digitalization has enabled firms with so‐called platform business models to emerge in many sectors of the economy. By facilitating transactions between different groups of users (e.g., buyers and sellers), platform firms are disrupting industries around the world. However, little is known about the international strategies of platform firms, as research has mostly examined platforms in single‐country contexts. We address this gap by integrating insights from platform research in strategy and economics—specifically the notion of network externalities—with internalization theory. We extend the existing typology of network externalities by distinguishing between within‐country and cross‐country network externalities. We derive testable propositions regarding the foreign entry modes of platform firms, their international strategic posture (multidomestic vs. globally integrated), as well as foreign market selection criteria and market exit.
Managerial Summary: Many companies in the digital economy operate platform business models, which create value by connecting different groups of users, such as buyers and sellers. We examine how network externalities—the notion that a platform becomes more valuable to each user as more users join—influence the international expansion of these firms. We show that it is important to consider the geographic scope of network externalities, that is, whether network externalities operate across national borders or whether platform firms have to create separate user networks in each country. The distinction between within‐country and cross‐country network externalities affects key internationalization decisions, such as how to enter foreign markets, whether to pursue multidomestic or global strategies, how to select foreign markets, and when to exit from a foreign market.
Moral contagion: Devaluation effect of immorality on hypothetical judgments of economic value
Authors: Liu Jie , Liao Chong , Lu Juanzhi , Luo Yue‐jia , Cui Fang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMoral contagion is a phenomenon in which individuals or objects take on the moral essence of the people who are associated with them. Previous studies have found that individuals value objects associated with moral and likable people more than those associated with immoral and dislikable people. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this “moral contagion effect” have not yet been explored. In the present study, we combined a novel “Second‐hand Goods Pricing” paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging to (a) confirm the existence of the moral contagion effect on the hypothetical economic valuation of objects and (b) determine the neural substrates underlying it. Participants were shown second‐hand goods, information regarding the moral valence of the previous owner, and an initial price assigned to the object by computer. The participants were then asked to adjust the initial price to one they deemed most reasonable. Behaviorally, we found a significant devaluation effect for immoral owners and a weaker reverse effect for moral owners. Imaging data showed that the devaluation effect was primarily driven by neural responses in the dorsal striatum (mainly the caudate nucleus) that were triggered by high initial prices assigned to the “contaminated” objects. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that the high initial price assigned to “contaminated” objects led to increased effective connectivity from the caudate nucleus to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex—the brain area that integrates values during decision making.
The effect of prescription drug insurance on health behavior: Evidence from Medicare Part D
Authors: Asfaw Abraham Abebe 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper provides empirical evidence on the health behavior effect of prescription drug insurance. Using the difference in the regression discontinuity research design, I compare health behavior changes at age 65 before and after the introduction of Medicare Part D. I find that the implementation of Medicare Part D increased prescription drug insurance coverage and reduced out‐of‐pocket spending per prescription and the use of cardiovascular and metabolic therapeutic class drugs. I also find that Medicare Part D led to a 6.36 percentage point decrease in the probability of engaging in moderate physical exercise and a 27.4 percentage point decrease in the amount of time spent on moderate physical activity. It also increased the probability of being overweight by 5.75 percentage points. Its effects on vigorous and muscle‐strengthening exercise both at the extensive and intensive margins, obesity, BMI, and cigarette consumption are not statistically significant.
Department of Veterans Affairs Consensus: Preradiation dental treatment guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: White Jill M. , Panchal Neeraj H. , Wehler Carolyn J. , Bestgen Susan C. , Colón José E. , Desai Hemal G. , Hogue Christie M. , Marianne Jurasic M. , Maritim Beatrice C. , Ortega Alejandra P. , Smith Gregory M. , Taylor Jeffery Y. , Gibson Gretchen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFew protocols have been published for the dental management of patients with head and neck cancer to prevent complications from head and neck radiation therapy. Radiation therapy not only affects the tumor cells targeted, but also the dentition, bone, salivary gland, and oral soft tissue structures. A comprehensive dental evaluation prior to head and neck radiation therapy can help prevent many complications. The following clinical guidelines were established by a workgroup of oral health providers within the Department of Veterans Affairs. This workgroup focused on developing a set of recommendations regarding dental care prior to the initiation of head and neck radiation therapy based on the best clinical evidence and expert consensus. A systematic algorithm was developed for the evaluation including pre‐exam data gathering, examination, education, and treatment, followed by maintenance and postradiation dental follow‐up. This document is evidence‐based, patient‐centered, consistent with accepted practices of care and safety, and in accordance with applicable statutes and regulations.
Classification of tumors by imaging diagnosis and preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology in 120 patients with tumors in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Matsuki Takashi , Miura Kouki , Tada Yuichiro , Masubuchi Tatsuo , Fushimi Chihiro , Kanno Chihiro , Takahashi Hideaki , Kamata Shinetsu , Okamoto Isaku , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Yamashita Taku 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTumors in the parapharyngeal space are rare, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of anatomical and histological complexity.MethodsTo evaluate the usefulness of preoperative diagnosis, we compared the classification of tumor localization in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments by imaging and preoperative cytological diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology with the postoperative histopathological diagnosis in 120 patients with tumors in the parapharyngeal space.ResultsTumors were located in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments in 68 and 52 patients, respectively. The majority of histopathological diagnoses in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments were pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma, respectively. All malignant tumors were in the prestyloid compartment. The preoperative cytological diagnostic rate for benign or malignant tumor was 95.2%, which was not inferior to that for other head and neck lesions.ConclusionOur results suggested that the preoperative classification of tumor localization and cytological diagnosis improved the accuracy of presumptive diagnosis.
Oncolytic Sendai virus‐induced tumor‐specific immunoresponses suppress “simulated metastasis” of squamous cell carcinoma in an immunocompetent mouse model
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Araki Koji , Tanaka Shingo , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Suzuki Hiroshi , Kamide Daisuke , Tomifuji Masayuki , Uno Kosuke , Harada Eiko , Yamashita Taku , Ueda Yasuji , Inoue Makoto , Shiotani Akihiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to demonstrate anti‐metastatic effect of BioKnife, uPA activity‐dependent oncolytic Sendai virus, after BioKnife treatment for primary tumor, and analyze its mechanisms in a simulated metastasis mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe established a simulated metastasis mouse model using a murine HNSCC cell line “SCCVII.” We assessed a tumor size and an induction of tumor‐specific immunoresponses using cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) assay, flow cytometry (FCM) in spleen and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in secondary tumor.ResultsSecondary tumors were significantly smaller in BioKnife‐treated group. CTL activities were significantly improved in BioKnife group. FCM revealed that induction of dendritic cells and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in BioKnife group. IHC showed that CD8+ lymphocytes invaded secondary tumor.ConclusionTumor‐specific immunoresponses induced by BioKnife has great potential to be a novel, safe, and less invasive option for control and prevention of metastasis.
Adolescents' willingness to help with peer victimisation in Taiwan: The role of individual and situation‐specific characteristics
Authors: Ma Ting‐Lan 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate adolescent bystanders' willingness to help and specific help responses as predicted by both individual characteristics (e.g., gender, empathy, victimisation experiences) and situation‐specific characteristics (i.e., bystander's relationship with the victim and the presence of another bystander). The study used an experimental vignette method with a sample of Taiwanese adolescents. Participants included 730 seventh graders (49% girls, mean age 12.8 years) attending one middle school in a southern city in Taiwan. Results show that both individual characteristics (e.g., gender, empathy) and a situation‐specific characteristic (i.e., the relationship a participant had with the victim) predicted adolescents' willingness to help. However, only individual characteristics predicted adolescents' specific help responses including telling the teacher, telling the bully to stop, and comforting the victims. Directions for future research and implications for interventions and prevention programs are discussed.
Early childhood education and crime
Authors: García Jorge Luis , Heckman James J. , Ziff Anna L. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents new evidence on the crime‐reducing impacts of a high‐quality, intensive early childhood program with long‐term follow‐up, evaluated by a randomized controlled trial. Proportionately, more women than men decrease their criminal activity after participating in the program. This gender difference arises because of the worse home environments for girls, with corresponding greater scope for improvement by the program. For both genders, treatment effects are larger for the least‐advantaged children, as measured by their mother's education at baseline. The dollar value of the social cost of criminal activity averted is higher for men because they commit more costly violent crimes.
Sex differences in the development of physical aggression: An intergenerational perspective and implications for preventive interventions
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the state of knowledge on the development of chronic physical aggression (CPA), with the aim of identifying the most effective prevention strategies. We specifically focus on the early development of physical aggression, on sex differences in the use of physical aggression, and on the transmission of behavior problems from one generation to the other. The body of research on the development of CPA from the past three decades that we review shows increasing evidence that its prevention requires a long‐term biopsychosocial developmental approach which also must include an intergenerational perspective. Recent genetic and epigenetic research has indicated that there are both important genetic and environmental effects on gene expression which start at conception. We conclude that one of the most effective strategies to break the intergenerational transmission of CPA involves giving long‐term support to pregnant women with a history of behavior problems, their spouse, and their offspring.
The use of Delft3D for Irrigation Systems Simulations
Authors: Theol Shaimaa A. , Jagers Bert , Suryadi F.X. , de Fraiture Charlotte 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIrrigation systems performance and sustainability are affected by sediment deposition. Cohesive sediment (suspended load) is an important problem in irrigation canals and its behaviour is significantly different from that of non‐cohesive sediment (bed load). Most studies on sedimentation in irrigation systems deal with non‐cohesive sediment. Studies on cohesive sediments are mostly done in rivers and estuaries, but not in irrigation canals. The few existing studies on cohesive sediment in irrigation canals are limited by their use of 1D models. Therefore, in this study we test whether an existing 3D model that was designed for rivers and estuaries can be used in irrigation canals. Delft3D was identified as a suitable model. Simulations were done for different sizes and configurations of the irrigation network. After some adaptations to the model, the simulations of different scenarios provided promising results. From a hydrodynamic and morphological point of view the Delft3D model was able to realistically represent water and sediment flows in a hypothetical canal set‐up, consisting of a main canal, a branch canal and several hydraulic structures. Some challenges remain in the use of Delft3D for irrigation canals, in particular regarding wall roughness in small rectangular canals and computation times for complex systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable and the advantages of using Delft3D are clearly shown in this paper. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small molecule of sphingosine as a rescue of dopaminergic cells: A cell therapy approach in neurodegenerative diseases therapeutics
Authors: Tavakol Shima , Hoveizi Elham , Tavakol Behnaz , Azedi Fereshteh , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Keyhanvar Peyman , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) patients should take medication such as fingolimod (FTY‐720) for a long time, hence pharmaceutical effects on other neural cells such as dopaminergic cells are important. Dopaminergic cell line, BE(2)‐M17, was treated by FTY‐720 and then cell viability and genes involve in neurosurvival were investigated. It was disclosed that FTY‐720 significantly stimulates Bcl2 overexpression. Whereas, it decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production and cell membrane damage of dopaminergic cells. The increase in Bcl2/Bax ratio increased the cell metabolic activity and decreased propidium iodide‐positive cells. Besides, FTY‐720 induced the overexpression of CACNA1C, nNOS gene, and nitric oxide production. However, FTY‐720 induced GABARA1 overexpression and eventually it could overcame to the cytotoxic effect of intracellular calcium. This cascade led to tyrosine hydroxylase and BDNF genes overexpression whereas FTY‐720 did not change GDNF concentration in BE(2)‐M17 cells. Concluding, it might be said that taking FTY‐720 in MS patients did not induce adverse effect on dopaminergic cells.
miR‐135b promotes proliferation and metastasis by targeting APC in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Lv Zhi‐Dong , Xin Hai‐Na , Yang Zhao‐Chuan , Wang Wen‐Juan , Dong Jiao‐Jiao , Jin Li‐Ying , Li Fu‐Nian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. The aim of our study was to investigate the functional role of microRNA‐135b (miR‐135b) in TNBC. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify miR‐135b expression levels in 90 paired TNBC tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples. Wound‐healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR‐135b expression on the migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Luciferase reporter and western blot analyses were used to verify whether the mRNA encoding APC is a major target of miR‐135b. In the current study, we found that miR‐135b was highly expressed in TNBC tissue and cells, and the expression levels were correlated with lymph node status and TNM stage. In TNBC cells, the ectopic expression of miR‐135b promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. In addition, our study proved that the overexpression of miR‐135b significantly suppressed APC expression by targeting the 3′‐untranslated region of APC, whereas enhanced APC expression could partially abrogate the miR‐135b‐mediated promotion of carcinogenic traits in TNBC cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated that miR‐135b expression promoted the proliferation and invasion of TNBC by downregulating APC expression, indicating that miR‐135b may serve as a promising target for the treatment of TNBC patients.
Effects of microRNA‐513b on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration by targeting HMGB3 through regulation of mTOR signaling pathway in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jiying , Sheng Zhaoying , Cai Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of miR‐513b and HMGB3 in regulating non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC tumor, adjacent tissues, and cell lines were extracted, and the expression of miR‐513b and HMGB3 were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot analysis. Then, miR‐513b was overexpressed in NSCLC cell, and the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cells were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. Regulatory relationship between miR‐513b and HMGB3 was determined using luciferase activity reporter assay. Lastly, HMGB3 and/or miR‐513b were overexpressed in NSCLC cells, and the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cells were determined. Compared with the controls, the expression of miR‐513b was significantly downregulated in the NSCLC tissues and cells lines by RT‐qPCR (
p < 0.05). However, the expression of HMGB3 was significantly downregulated at both messenger RNA and protein levels (
p < 0.05). Overexpression of miR‐513b could significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and promote apoptosis of NSCLC cells (
p < 0.05). HMGB3 was a target of miR‐513b, and overexpression of HMGB3 could obviously reverse the effect of miR‐513 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells (
p < 0.05). The present results could suggest miR‐513b was downregulated in NSCLC and could regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells via HMGB3.
Inhibition of HMGB1 improves necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting NLRP3 via TLR4 and NF‐κB signaling pathways
Authors: Yu Renqiang , Jiang Shanyu , Tao Yaqin , Li Ping , Yin Juan , Zhou Qin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).MethodsNEC rat models were constructed and treated with HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GL) with different concentration. An inflammatory condition of intestinal tissue in newborn NEC rats was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of HMGB1, NLRP3, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and caspase 1 were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The content of interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Human intestinal epithelial cell lines were induced to NEC by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). LPS‐induced cells were transfected with small interfering RNA‐HMGB1 and NLRP3 plasmid vector. The mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, NLRP3, TLR4, NF‐κB, caspase 1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were determined by real‐time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1 and NLRP3 in the NEC group was significantly higher than the control group. Inhibition of HMGB1 expression improved intestinal inflammation in newborn NEC rats. The expression of HMGB1, NLRP3, TLR4, NF‐κB, and caspase 1 was upregulated in NEC and was weakened after treating with GL. LPS induction to intestinal epithelial cells markedly increased the expression of HMGB1, NLRP3, TLR4, NF‐κB, caspase 1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. The knockdown of HMGB1 abolished the increase of expression, whereas further transfection with NLRP3 plasmid vector recovered the increase.ConclusionHMGB1 and NLRP3 were all upregulated in the development of NEC. Inhibition on HMGB1 could improve the intestinal inflammation in NEC by inhibiting NLRP3 via TLR4 and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
LncRNA MEG3 negatively modified osteosarcoma development through regulation of miR‐361‐5p and FoxM1
Authors: Shen Bin , Zhou Ningfeng , Hu Tao , Zhao Weidong , Wu Desheng , Wang Shanjin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study was aimed to figure out whether long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR‐361‐5p/FoxM1 signaling would contribute to improved proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. We altogether collected 204 pairs of osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and obtained four human osteosarcoma cell lines. Then pcDNA3.1‐MEG3, si‐MEG3, miR‐361‐5p mimic, miR‐361‐5p inhibitor, pcDNA3.1‐FoxM1, si‐FoxM1, and negative control (NC) were, respectively, transfected into the osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, real time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to determine the mRNA expressions of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) and miR‐361‐5p, and western blot analysis was applied for determining the FoxM1 expression. Besides, dual luciferase reporter gene assay was adopted to verify if MEG3 can be directly targeted by miR‐361‐5p. Finally, 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were conducted to investigate the influence of MEG3, miR‐361‐5p, and FoxM1 expressions on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. MEG3 and miR‐361‐5p were observed to be significantly downregulated within both osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, whereas FoxM1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines (p < 0.05). MEG3 directly bound to miR‐361‐5p, and significantly upgraded its expression (p < 0.05). The upregulated MEG3 and miR‐361‐5p or the downregulated FoxM1 appeared to substantially inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells (p < 0.05). Finally, the proliferation, migration, invasion, and motility of osteosarcoma cells within the miR‐NC + pcDNA3.1‐FoxM1 group and pcDNA + pcDNA‐FoxM1 group were markedly promoted when compared with the miR‐361‐5p mimic group and pcDNA3.1‐MEG3 group (p < 0.05). The MEG3/miR‐361‐5p/FoxM1 axis could potentially serve as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma.