bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental regulation of lifelong dental experiences and beliefs in Guangzhou and Hong Kong
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Wong Sabrina T. , Chi Iris , Lo Edward C. M. , Minichiello Victor , Soheilipour Shimae , Mariño Rodrigo 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to explain through the life‐course and life‐span perspectives of developmental regulation theory the controls on dental experiences and beliefs throughout the lives of older people in Guangzhou and Hong Kong.BackgroundDental diseases and disabilities among older people are serious public health concerns in China.MethodsA facilitator conducted eight focus groups, three in Hong Kong and five in Guangzhou, involving a total of 51 participants. She encouraged discussions about lifetime events to explain dental experiences and beliefs. Transcripts were coded and analysed using a constant comparative approach to identify themes that explained the regulators of dental experiences throughout the participants’ lives.ResultsParticipants explained the influence of culture and history through critical events, and how external and internal factors regulated their current oral health status and beliefs. They emphasised the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine and family, and the stress of social upheaval compounded by a scarcity of dental services. They revealed also how current choice of dental services and health promotional programs, helped by personal food choice, self‐reliance, and scepticism, helped them to adjust and cope with dental diseases and disabilities and the commercialisation of dental services.ConclusionsDental experiences and beliefs of older people living in Guangzhou and Hong Kong were regulated strongly during personal development by culture and history during critical events, and by various controlling factors, such as health promotion and choice of services supplemented by food choice, nutritional balance, self‐reliance, scepticism and social adjustments.
Clinical characteristics and short‐term outcomes in patients with acute cholecystitis over aged >80 years
Authors: Akasu Takafumi , Kinoshita Akiyoshi , Imai Nami , Hirose Yuki , Yamaguchi Ruri , Yokota Takeharu , Iwaku Akira , Koike Kazuhiko , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: December 2018

AimWe investigated the clinical characteristics and short‐term outcomes in acute cholecystitis (AC) patients aged ≥80 years. We therefore sought to determine the ideal treatment for elderly patients with AC.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 253 patients with AC. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age: elderly group (n = 77, aged ≥80 years) and non‐elderly group (n = 176, aged <80 years). We compared the clinical characteristics, in‐hospital mortality and recurrence of cholecystitis within 6 months between the two groups. The predictive factors for in‐hospital mortality were also assessed.ResultsThe elderly group had more severe comorbidities (P = 0.0055), higher severity grade of AC (P = 0.00071) and higher in‐hospital mortality (P = 0.029) than the non‐elderly group. The multivariate analysis showed that the serum creatinine level (hazard ratio 12.43; P = 0.002) was independently associated with the in‐hospital mortality. The elderly group (20.8%) underwent subsequent cholecystectomy less frequently than the non‐elderly group (63.2%; P < 0.0001). The recurrence rate of AC was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.89). The proportion of patients in the elderly group who received percutaneous drainage in the latter period (64.3%) was significantly higher than in the former period (33.3%; P = 0.015).ConclusionsMore attention should be paid to AC patients with chronic renal disease after treatment. Percutaneous drainage might serve as a definitive treatment without subsequent cholecystectomy in elderly AC patients with various comorbidities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 208–212.
Economic liberalization and external shocks. The hypothesis of convergence revisited for the Mexican states, 1994–2015
Authors: Fonseca Felipe J. , Llamosas‐Rosas Irving , Rangel‐González Erick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study the convergence hypothesis for Mexican states during the period 1994–2015 considering the impact not only of NAFTA but also of other external shocks, such as China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 and the global financial crisis of 2008. Using econometric panel data models with no fixed effects to avoid small sample bias, the main results indicate: (a) presence of absolute divergence, consistent with a sigma process divergence, particularly in the period after the outbreak of the global crisis of 2008; and (b) a process of weakening conditional convergence across the sub‐periods analyzed.
Different forms of intergroup contact with former adversary are linked to distinct reconciliatory acts through symbolic and realistic threat
Authors: Rupar Mirjana , Graf Sylvie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn a society burdened with the most severe type of intergroup conflict, we examined the association between willingness to reconcile with former adversary, intergroup contact with, and perceived threat from former adversary. We focused on three reconciliatory acts—forgiveness to the outgroup, support for ingroup apology and support for financial compensation to the outgroup. We included different forms of positive and negative intergroup contact—direct and indirect (extended and mass‐mediated). In the link between contact and reconciliation, we tested the mediating role of two types of intergroup threat—realistic and symbolic. The sample comprised Bosniaks (N = 267) and Croats (N = 278) from Bosnia and Herzegovina. In both samples, reconciliation associated with indirect forms of intergroup contact even when controlling for its link with direct contact. This indicates the potential of indirect contact to promote reconciliation in the lack of direct contact, characteristic for segregated post‐conflict societies. Symbolic threat mediated the relationship between intergroup contact and symbolic forms of reconciliation—forgiveness and support for ingroup apology. Realistic threat mediated the link between intergroup contact and a more tangible form of reconciliation—support for financial compensation. This highlights the importance of considering different types intergroup threat when targeting distinct reconciliatory acts. Our results suggest that practitioners promoting reconciliation in post‐conflict societies need to implement different means when tailoring interventions that should enhance different sides of peace‐making process.
Inhibition of bacterial human pathogens on tomato skin surfaces using eugenol‐loaded surfactant micelles during refrigerated and abuse storage
Authors: Ruengvisesh Songsirin , Oh Jun Kyun , Kerth Chris R. , Akbulut Mustafa , Matthew Taylor T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe plant‐derived essential oil component eugenol (1.0% wt/vol), free or loaded into surfactant micelles constructed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; 1.0% wt/vol), 200 ppm free chlorine (hypochlorous acid [HOCl]; pH 7.0), and sterile distilled water were evaluated for their ability to reduce Salmonella Saintpaul and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on skin surface samples of Roma tomatoes. Samples were treated and then stored aerobically for up to 10 days. All samples were initially stored at 5 °C; one set of samples was shifted to 15 °C after 5 days of storage to simulate temperature abuse during postharvest handling. Encapsulated and free eugenol, HOCl, and empty SDS micelles reduced pathogens to nondetectable counts (detection limit: 0.5 log10 cfu/cm2) during refrigerated storage (p ≥ .05). Conversely, during temperature abuse storage (15 °C), only free and micelle‐loaded eugenol consistently reduced pathogens to nondetection. Eugenol‐loaded micelles can be used to decontaminate harvested tomatoes from enteric bacterial pathogens.Practical applicationsTomatoes may be consumed raw and have been repeatedly implicated in the occurrence of human foodborne disease. Washing of tomatoes with novel antimicrobial interventions that increase the dispersion of antimicrobials over the surface of the tomato should result in greater reduction of microbial foodborne pathogens through enhanced contact of antimicrobial with pathogen. Application of surfactant micelle‐entrapped eugenol onto tomato surfaces reduced Salmonella Saintpaul and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to nondetection during refrigerated (5 °C) and temperature abuse (15 °C) storage. Micelle‐loaded eugenol reduced numbers of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and fungi to nondetection during temperature abuse storage.
Reaction of Q to thermal metamorphism in parent bodies: Experimental simulation
Authors: Verchovsky A. B. , Hunt S. A. , Montgomery W. , Sephton M. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPlanetary noble gases in chondrites are concentrated in an unidentified carrier phase, called “Q.” Phase Q oxidized at relatively low temperature in pure oxygen is a very minor part of insoluble organic matter (IOM), but has not been separated in a pure form. High‐pressure (HP) experiments have been used to test the effects of thermal metamorphism on IOM from the Orgueil (CI1) meteorite, at conditions up to 10 GPa and 700 °C. The effect of the treatment on carbon structural order was characterized by Raman spectroscopy of the carbon D and G bands. The Raman results show that the IOM becomes progressively more graphite‐like with increasing intensity and duration of the HP treatment. The carbon structural transformations are accompanied by an increase in the release temperatures for IOM carbon and 36Ar during stepped combustion (the former to a greater extent than the latter for the most HP treated sample) when compared with the original untreated Orgueil (CI1) sample. The 36Ar/C ratio also appears to vary in response to HP treatment. Since 36Ar is a part of Q, its release temperature corresponds to that for Q oxidation. Thus, the structural transformations of Q and IOM upon HP treatment are not equal. These results correspond to observations of thermal metamorphism in the meteorite parent bodies, in particular those of type 4 enstatite chondrites, e.g., Indarch (EH4), where graphitized IOM oxidized at significantly higher temperatures than Q (Verchovsky et al. ). Our findings imply that Q is less graphitized than most of the macromolecular carbonaceous material present during parent body metamorphism and is thus a carbonaceous phase distinct from other meteoritic IOM.
Delivering in‐school interventions to improve dietary behaviours amongst 11‐ to 16‐year‐olds: A systematic review
Authors: Calvert Sian , Dempsey Robert C. , Povey Rachel 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChildhood obesity is a global health concern, which has both short‐ and long‐term health consequences for the individual, and is a potential burden on health care services and the wider economy. The school environment is a setting where changes can be applied to dietary behaviours, as schools have direct and intensive contact with children. This systematic review evaluated school‐based interventions designed to improve dietary behaviours among adolescents (11‐ to 16‐year‐olds). The aims were to review types of interventions delivered, dietary behaviours targeted, and interventions' effectiveness in improving dietary behaviour and associated intervention components. Twenty‐nine school‐based interventional studies with this population were identified for review. The data were synthesized by identifying and comparing individual studies' results, intervention components, and characteristics. Interventions appeared more effective when they involved peers, used educational media to deliver health messages, increased availability of healthy foods in school, and incorporated computer‐based individualized feedback with normative information on eating behaviours. A limitation of the review was the lack of description in certain reviewed studies and the nonfeasibility of conducting a meta‐analysis owing to study heterogeneity. Future interventions with this population could consider including the aforementioned components, gender‐specific feedback, and both short‐ and long‐term follow‐ups as change may not be apparent immediately and to determine if changes are sustained.
Structural responses to the obesity and non‐communicable diseases epidemic: Update on the Chilean law of food labelling and advertising
Authors: Corvalán Camila , Reyes Marcela , Garmendia María Luisa , Uauy Ricardo 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChile approved the law of food labelling and advertising in 2012; this law aims to address the obesity epidemic, particularly in children. The implementation details were published in 2015, and the law was implemented finally in 2016, as described in the current article. Regulated foods were defined based on a specially developed nutrient profiling, which considered natural foods as gold standard. For liquid foods, amounts of energy, sugars, saturated fats, and sodium in 100 mL of cow's milk were used as cut‐offs. For solid foods, values within the 90th ‐ 99th percentile range for energy and critical nutrients were selected as cut‐off within a list of natural foods. A stop sign stating “High in <nutrient>” was chosen as warning label for packaged regulated foods. Regulated foods were also forbidden to be sold or offered for free at kiosks, cafeterias, and feeding programme at schools and nurseries. Besides, regulated foods cannot be promoted to children under 14 years. A staggered implementation of the regulation was decided, with nutrients cut‐offs becoming increasingly stricter over a 3‐year period. These regulatory efforts are in the right direction but will have to be sustained and complemented with other actions to achieve their ultimate impact of halting the obesity epidemic.
Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential
Authors: Molero Gemma , Joynson Ryan , Pinera‐Chavez Francisco J. , Gardiner Laura‐Jayne , Rivera‐Amado Carolina , Hall Anthony , Reynolds Matthew P. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryOne of the major challenges for plant scientists is increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield potential (YP). A significant bottleneck for increasing YP is achieving increased biomass through optimization of radiation use efficiency (RUE) along the crop cycle. Exotic material such as landraces and synthetic wheat has been incorporated into breeding programmes in an attempt to alleviate this; however, their contribution to YP is still unclear. To understand the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and RUE, we applied genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to a panel of 150 elite spring wheat genotypes including many landrace and synthetically derived lines. The panel was evaluated for 31 traits over 2 years under optimal growing conditions and genotyped using the 35K wheat breeders array. Marker‐trait association identified 94 SNPs significantly associated with yield, agronomic and phenology‐related traits along with RUE and final biomass (BM_PM) at various growth stages that explained 7%–17% of phenotypic variation. Common SNP markers were identified for grain yield, BM_PM and RUE on chromosomes 5A and 7A. Additionally, landrace and synthetic derivative lines showed higher thousand grain weight (TGW), BM_PM and RUE but lower grain number (GM2) and harvest index (HI). Our work demonstrates the use of exotic material as a valuable resource to increase YP. It also provides markers for use in marker‐assisted breeding to systematically increase BM_PM, RUE and TGW and avoid the TGW/GM2 and BM_PM/HI trade‐off. Thus, achieving greater genetic gains in elite germplasm while also highlighting genomic regions and candidate genes for further study.
Characterization of the torsional structural properties of feline femurs and surrogate bone models for mechanical testing of orthopedic implants
Authors: Marturello Danielle M. , Wei Feng , Déjardin Loïc M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the torsional structural properties of the feline femur and design a bone model surrogate for mechanical testing of feline orthopedic implants.Study designExperimental.Sample populationPaired feline femurs (n = 30) and bone models (8 materials, n = 4/group).MethodsFemurs were cyclically tested nondestructively in torsion and then loaded to failure. A generic femoral model was then designed from native femur dimensions and tested similarly by using 1 of 8 materials that were 3‐dimensionally printed or machined. Outcome measures consisting of torsional compliance, angular deformation (AD), and torque to failure were compared by using Student's t test (P < .05). Failure modes are reported as descriptive statistics.ResultsTorsional compliance (1.6 ± 0.3°/Nm, 2.0 ± 0.1°/Nm), AD (3.1 ± 0.6°, 3.8 ± 0.2°) and torque to failure (7.8 ±1.2 Nm, 8.1 ± 1.3 Nm) did not differ between feline femurs and short‐fiber epoxy (SFE) models. Conversely, most printed materials displayed excessive TC and failed by plastic deformation (AD > 15‐fold that of native femurs) rather than by fracture. Feline bone and SFE both failed by spiral fractures.ConclusionNone of the outcome measures differed between the 4th generation SFE model and cadaveric femurs, but differences were identified between feline bone and printed materials.Clinical impactMachined SFE can be used to create a surrogate bone model with torsional structural properties similar to those of feline femurs. In contrast, common printable materials appear unsuitable to produce a realistic feline bone surrogate.
VA Teledermstudy: protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial to compare access to care for a mobile app versus a workstation-based store-and-forward teledermatology process
Authors: Done Nicolae , Oh Dennis H , Weinstock Martin A , Whited John D , Jackson George L , King Heather A , Peracca Sara B , Elwy A Rani , Prentice Julia C 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionTeledermatology has emerged as an important strategy to enhance access to high-quality skin care.VA Teledermis a provider-facing, web-based mobile app designed to integrate into the existing teledermatology workflow in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). In this study, we will conduct a systematic evaluation ofVA Teledermon access outcomes in VHA facilities using a pragmatic trial guided by clinical and operational leaders.Methods and analysisThe study is a prospective, stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial with cross-sectional exposure and outcome measurement via retrospective database analysis of administrative records. Each cluster is a VHA facility deemed eligible for the trial. We assign the intervention using a cluster-level balanced randomisation scheme based on facility size, baseline teledermatology uptake and geographic location. The trial will test whether patients receiving dermatological care at participating facilities will have better access compared with patients receiving care through the current standard process. The primary outcomes proxy for patient-level access to dermatology services, including (1) consult completion time for teledermatology consults; (2) appointment completion time for new dermatology consults; and (3) travel distance for dermatology services. As secondary outcomes, we will assess facility-level adoption outcomes, that is, the number of dermatology encounters and the proportion of teledermatology consults out of all dermatology encounters. To account for secular trends in outcomes and for correlation across individuals within clusters, we will assess the impact of the intervention using generalised linear mixed regression models.DiscussionStreamlining the current practice for store-and-forward teledermatology in the VHA can improve access to expert dermatological care for US veterans. The lessons learnt in this trial could validate the use of mobile technology for consultative store-and-forward dermatology in a large healthcare organisation. The results may also be of interest to other medical specialties assessing the merits of implementing mobile telehealth.Protocol versionVersion 3; 7 November 2018.Trial registration numberNCT03241589; Pre-results.
Pipeline shield with single antiplatelet therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: multicentre experience
Authors: Manning Nathan W , Cheung Andrew , Phillips Timothy J , Wenderoth Jason D 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Pipeline Embolisation Device with Shield technology (PED-Shield) is suggested to have reduced thrombogenicity. This reduced thrombogenicity may make it possible to use safely in the acute treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) on single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT).ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of the off-label use of PED-Shield with SAPT for the acute treatment of aSAH.MethodsPatients who underwent acute treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with the PED-Shield with SAPT were retrospectively identified from prospectively maintained databases at three Australian neurointerventional centres. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, clinical and imaging outcomes were reviewed.ResultsFourteen patients were identified (12 women), median age 64 (IQR 21.5) years. Aneurysm morphology was saccular in seven, fusiform in five, and blister in two. Aneurysms arose from the anterior circulation in eight patients (57.1%). Six (42.9%) patients were poor grade (World Federation of Neurological Societies grade ≥IV) SAH. Median time to treatment was 1 (IQR 0.5) day. Complete or near complete aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy <3) was achieved in 12 (85.7%) patients at the end of early-acute follow-up (median day 7 after SAH). Permanent, treatment-related morbidity occurred in one (7.1%) patient and one (7.1%) treatment-related death occurred. The use of a postoperative heparin infusion (n=5) was associated with a higher rate of all complications (80.0% vs 11.1%, p=0.023) and symptomatic complications (60% vs 0.0%, p=0.028). No symptomatic ischaemic or haemorrhagic complications were observed in the patients who did not receive a post-operative heparin infusion. Nine (64.3%) patients were functionally independent on discharge from the treatment centre.ConclusionThe PED-Shield may be safe to use in the acute treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with SAPT. Further investigation with a formal treatment registry is needed.
Lepton masses and mixings in a T′ flavored 3-3-1 model with type I and type II seesaw mechanisms
Authors: Vien V. V. , Long H. N. , Hernández A. E. Cárcamo 
Published: December 2018

We propose a renormalizable T′ flavor model based on the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry, consistent with the observed pattern of lepton masses and mixings. The small masses of the light active neutrinos are produced from an interplay of type I and type II seesaw mechanisms, which are induced by three heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos and three [Formula: see text] scalar antisextets, respectively. Our model is only viable for the scenario of normal neutrino mass hierarchy, where the obtained physical observables of the lepton sector are highly consistent with the current neutrino oscillation experimental data. In addition, our model also predicts an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of [Formula: see text] eV, a Jarlskog invariant of the order of [Formula: see text] and a leptonic Dirac CP violating phase of [Formula: see text], which is inside the [Formula: see text] experimentally allowed range.