bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMA AYAM HASIL PERSILANGAN YANG DIBERI RANSUM KADAR PROTEIN DAN DOSIS HERBAL BERBEDA
Authors: Sutrisna Rudy , Sholeh M. Sofyan 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the performance of F2 resulting from crossing (Layer Stud vs. Hatcher resulting in pullet F1, F1 mated with Layer Male, resulting in F2). Performance of F2 given ration with levels of Crude Protein (CP) 16% and 18%, as well as “Herbs“. The research was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design 2 x 4 factorial pattern. Protein factors were 2 kinds of rations with Crude Protein levels of 16% and 18% of metabolic energy 3062.40 and 3013.20 kcal/kg. Herbs factor were doses of herbal dosage 0, 1, 2, 3 g/kg ration. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Data collection performance were include rationing, giving protein, egg weight, and chicken day production, and mild shells. The results showed those the level of crude and herbal protein had no interaction, and the level of crude protein which was different was not significant (P> 0.05) on feed consumption and was significantly different (P<0.05) against crude protein consumption. Herbal treatments with doses of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg of rations did not show significant differences (P> 0.05) on feed consumption, ration crude protein, egg weight, and thick shell, but significantly different (P<0.05) from the production of hen day at without herbal treatment. Keywords: Crossbreed, Herbal Ration, Herbs, Performance, Protein Ration
PERBANDINGAN BOBOT BADAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA YANG TERINFESTASI CACING SALURAN PENCERNAAN
Authors: Hartono Madi , Santosa Purnama Edy , Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama 
Published: September 2019

Worm disease is a disease caused by infestation of worms in the body of animals with minimal risk to cause death, but causes losses in the form of decreased body weight, milk production, body resistance to other diseases and stunted growth, especially goats at a young age. Population of goats in Lampung Province is the third largest position in Indonesia that it is important to know the effects that can be caused due to intestinal worms. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of goat body weight infestated by various types of intestinal worms so that the researchers knew the impact of digestive tract worms infestation on goat body weight. The study was conducted in the period July - October 2018 in the Budi Lestari Livestock Group, Gedong Tataan, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The type of goat used in the study was the Etawa Breeders Goat. The method is a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, namely the group of uninfested goats (P1); goat infested with 1 type of worm (P2); goat infested with 2 types of worms (P3); goats infected with 3 types of worms (P4); and goats infected with 4 types of worms (P5). Implementation procedures were (1) conducting a survey of PE goat populations; (2) Determining the age of PE goats; (3) Taking feces; (4) Identifying worm eggs (Mc Master Test and Sedimentation Test); (5) Determine samples; (6) Considering body weights; (7) Data tabulation and analysis. Data analysis was carried out using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method at a 95% confidence level with SPSS 24 software program, if there were significant differences then proceed with the Least Significant Differences (LSD) and Duncan Test. The results of the data analysis showed that there were no significant differences between treatments (p> 0.05), but based on the average data of PE goats body weight from various treatments the highest in the treatment group that did not infest worm infestation (P1) was 25.25 kg, continued to decline respectively P2 (19.00 kg), P3 (18.25 kg), P4 (16.00 kg), P5 (15.25 kg). The conclusion of the study is the more types of worm infestations in the body, the lower of PE goats body weight. Keywords: Body Weight, Etawa Breed Goat, Infestation, Intestinal Worms, Types of Worm
PRODUKSI KARKAS DAN PERSENTASE LEMAK ABDOMINAL ITIK TEGAL JANTAN DENGAN SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI KTT BULUSARI PEMALANG
Authors: Ramadhana W.A. , Sunarti D. , Sarjana T.A. 
Published: September 2019

The aims of this study was to determine the differences in intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems on body weight, carcass weight, percentage of abdominal fat, and relative income for producing carcasses of Male Tegal duck in KTT Bulusari, Pemalang. The study was conducted on April - May 2018, in Bulusari farmer group’s farm at Bulu Village, Petarukan, Pemalang District, and Central Java. The material used in this study was male Tegal ducks from 10 farmers at the Bulu Village with the object were in Petarukan Sub-district consisting of 5 semi-intensive and 5 intensive rearing systems. Tegal duck is maintained for 42 days. This research was a quantitative descriptive research that interprets a data from a research sample analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that male Tegal ducks that were kept intensively in Bulusari farmer group’s farm had higher body weight, carcass weight, percentage of abdominal fat and relative income than semi intensive reared duck (P < 0,05). The conclusion of this study was intensively reared ducks had higher carcass production and percentage of abdominal fat than semi intensively reared ducks. Keywords: Tegal Duck, Rearing System, Carcass Production, Percentage of Abdominal Fat, Relative Income
STATUS REPRODUKSI DAN ESTIMASI OUTPUT KAMBING SABURAI DI DESA GISTING ATAS KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Adhianto Kusuma , Siswanto Siswanto , Sulastri Sulastri , Dewi Anggi Derma Tungga 
Published: September 2019

The goal of this study was to identify reproduction status, Natural Increase, Net Replacement Rate, and output estimation ofSaburai Goat in Gisting Atas village, Gisting subdistrict, Tanggamus regency. This research was conducted in March until April 2018. The material of this study is all of the Saburai goats which was available in the Gisting Atas Village, which number 89 heads. The results showed that the reproduction status of Saburai Goat in Gisting Atas Village were : first matingfor male goats was 15.47 months and for female goats was12.05 months, Post partum mating was for 2.67 months, calving interval was for 8.67 months. natural increase of Saburai goats was 24.72%, net replacement rate of male goats was 234.92%, and female goats was 121.62%, and the output Saburai goats was 24.72% (28 goats). Keywords: Reproduction Status, Natural Increase, Net Replacement Rate, Output Estimation, Saburai Goat
Pharmacokinetics of a commercially available product and a compounded formulation of extended-release levetiracetam after oral administration of a single dose in cats
Authors: Johnson Erik R. , Taylor Amanda R. , Boothe Dawn M. , Gray-Edwards Heather L. , Winter Randolph L. , Martin Doug R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in serum and CSF of cats after oral administration of extended-release (ER) levetiracetam.

ANIMALS
9 healthy cats.

PROCEDURES
Cats received 1 dose of a commercially available ER levetiracetam product (500 mg, PO). Thirteen blood and 10 CSF samples were collected over a 24-hour period for pharmacokinetic analysis. After 1 week, cats received 1 dose of a compounded ER levetiracetam formulation (500 mg, PO), and samples were obtained at the same times for analysis.

RESULTS
CSF concentrations of levetiracetam closely paralleled serum concentrations. There were significant differences between the commercially available product and the compounded formulation for mean ± SD serum maximum concentration (Cmax; 126 ± 33 μg/mL and 169 ± 51 μg/mL, respectively), Cmax corrected for dose (0.83 ± 0.10 μg/mL/mg and 1.10 ± 0.28 μg/mL/mg, respectively), and time to Cmax (5.1 ± 1.6 hours and 3.1 ± 1.5 hours, respectively). Half-life for the commercially available product and compounded formulation of ER levetiracetam was 4.3 ± 2.0 hours and 5.0 ± 1.6 hours, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The commercially available product and compounded formulation of ER levetiracetam both maintained concentrations in healthy cats 12 hours after oral administration that have been found to be therapeutic in humans (ie, 5 μg/mL). Results of this study supported dosing intervals of 12 hours, and potentially 24 hours, for oral administration of ER levetiracetam to cats. Monitoring of serum concentrations of levetiracetam can be used as an accurate representation of levetiracetam concentrations in CSF of cats.
Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following oral administration of a generic levofloxacin tablet and intravenous administration to dogs
Authors: Madsen Melanie , Messenger Kristen , Papich Mark G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following oral administration of a generic levofloxacin tablet and IV administration to dogs and whether the achieved plasma levofloxacin concentration would be sufficient to treat susceptible bacterial infections.

ANIMALS
6 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES
Levofloxacin was administered orally as a generic 250-mg tablet (mean dose, 23.7 mg/kg) or IV as a solution (15 mg/kg) to each dog in a crossover study design, with treatments separated by a minimum 2-day washout period. Blood samples were collected at various points for measurement of plasma levofloxacin concentration via high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with compartmental modeling.

RESULTS
After oral administration of the levofloxacin tablet, mean (coefficient of variation) peak plasma concentration was 15.5 μg/mL (23.8%), mean elimination half-life was 5.84 hours (20.0%), and mean bioavailability was 104% (29.0%). After IV administration, mean elimination half-life (coefficient of variation) was 6.23 hours (14.7%), systemic clearance was 145.0 mL/kg/h (22.2%), and volume of distribution was 1.19 L/kg (17.1%).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In these dogs, levofloxacin was well absorbed when administered orally, and a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg was sufficient to reach pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for treating infections with susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (ie, ≤ 0.5 μg/mL) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ie, ≤ 1 μg/mL) according to clinical breakpoints established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Pharmacokinetics of maropitant citrate in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Ozawa Sarah M. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Kass Philip H. , Knych Heather K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of maropitant citrate after IV and SC administration to New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

ANIMALS
11 sexually intact (3 males and 8 females) adult rabbits.

PROCEDURES
Each rabbit received maropitant citrate (1 mg/kg) IV or SC. Blood samples were collected at 9 (SC) or 10 (IV) time points over 48 hours. After a 2-week washout period, rabbits received maropitant by the alternate administration route. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Body weight, food and water consumption, injection site, mentation, and urine and fecal output were monitored.

RESULTS
Mean ± SD maximum concentration after SC administration was 14.4 ± 10.9 ng/mL and was detected at 1.25 ± 0.89 hours. Terminal half-life after IV and SC administration was 10.4 ± 1.6 hours and 13.1 ± 2.44 hours, respectively. Bioavailability after SC administration was 58.9 ± 13.3%. Plasma concentration at 24 hours was 2.87 ± 1.69 ng/mL after IV administration and 3.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL after SC administration. Four rabbits developed local dermal reactions at the injection site after SC injection. Increased fecal production was detected on the day of treatment and 1 day after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Plasma concentrations of rabbits 24 hours after SC and IV administration of maropitant citrate (1 mg/kg) were similar to those of dogs at 24 hours. Reactions at the SC injection site were the most common adverse effect detected. Increased fecal output may suggest an effect on gastrointestinal motility. Additional pharmacodynamic and multidose studies are needed.
ESCOLHA DO CURADOR NO ESTATUTO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA – LEI 13.146: OS LIMITES DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DO CURATELADO COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL
Authors: Martins Carvalho Suzy Anny , Vasques Sampaio Carolina 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo tratar do instituto da curatela, mostrando seus limites e a necessidade de ser valorizada a vontade da pessoa com deficiência interditada. A pessoa com deficiência já a muito tempo vem sofrendo com a discriminação de toda a sociedade. Por muito tempo foi considerada simplesmente como um objeto, sem direito a uma vida digna e muito menos a consideração de sua vontade. Em relação a pessoa com deficiência intelectual essa condição se torna mais grave pois o mesmo não apresenta um discernimento apropriado para resolver os problemas atinentes do seu dia a dia, fato esse, que o faz necessitar de alguém que possa ajuda-lo ou ate mesmo decidir por ele em alguns momentos que necessitem uma maior condição de discernimento. Nesses casos, surge a figura do curador, que será aquela pessoa que deverá entrar na vida do mesmo como sendo o representante de seus desejos. O problema em questão é até que ponto o curador poderá decidir pelo seu curatelado sem ferir a dignidade do mesmo. Para a realização deste trabalho, utilizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental por meio de um método qualitativo. O artigo analisa os limites do curador frente a dignidade da pessoa humana e a autonomia da pessoa com deficiência intelectual frente ao instituto da curatela.
Pessoa com deficiência intelectual. Curatela. Autonomia. Dignidade da pessoa humana.
Turkish _ Iranian Relations and their Reflections on Iraq after 2003
Authors: Ali Saleem Gata'a 
Published: September 2019

Turkish_ Iranian relations form an extension of competition between the two states for decades extending their influence and control over regional neighbors, in addition to their influential roles in international and regional interaction patterns. This indicates their influential return in the district as two regional powers having power factors that enable them to stretch it out, achieve their national interests in the district, and conduct their foreign policies that sometimes intersect or agree which all affect their mutual relations current. This necessarily is reflected on neighboring states and the possibility of affecting Iraqi national security due to active and influencing impact of Turkish_ Irani relations towards Iraq distinguished by favoring the two states interests on account of Iraq’s national interests. Besides, the two states exploit the weakness of Iraq’s circumstances to create huge amount of benefits and in which to enlarge the space of their influence.
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 2 Öğrencilerinin Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyleri, Uyku Kaliteleri Ve İçecek Tüketimleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KIYAK Yavuz Selim , COŞKUN Özlem , BUDAKOĞLU İrem 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem 2 öğrencilerinin algılanan öğrenme düzeyleri, uyku kaliteleri ve içecek tüketimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek.Gereç-Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dönem 2 öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında toplam 359 dönem 2 öğrencisi vardır. Öğrencilere, sosyodemografik bilgileri ve içecek tüketimi alışkanlıklarını sorgulayan sorularla beraber Algılanan Öğrenme Ölçeği’ni ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği’ni (PUKÖ) içeren anket formu uygulanmıştır. Algılanan Öğrenme Ölçeği’nde daha yüksek puanlar, algılanan öğrenmenin daha iyi olduğunu gösterirken Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite Ölçeği’nden alınan puan yükseldikçe uyku kalitesi kötüleşmektedir. Verilerin istatistikî analizi SPSS v.22.0 for Windows paket programında yapılmış, anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Evrenin %86.1’ine (N=309) ulaşılmıştır. Değerlendirmeye dâhil edilen 306 öğrencinin %16.3’ü (N=50) sigara kullanmakta, %71.5’i (N=218) her gün çay, %32.5’i (N=99) her gün kahve içmekte; %78.8’i (N=238) alkolü, %69.6’sı (N=211) enerji içeceklerini hiç tüketmemektedir. Öğrencilerin günlük uyku süreleri ortalama 7.24 ± 1.31 saattir. Öğrencilerin PUKÖ puanı ortalaması 6.02 ± 2.81 olup, %69.3’ünün uyku kalitesinin kötü (PUKÖ puanı 5 ve üzeri) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyi ile PUKÖ puanı arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki vardır (r = -0.103, p &lt;0.05). Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyi’nde, sigara içmeyenlerin ortalaması (4.77 ± 0.05), içenlerin ortalamasından (4.52 ± 0.12) yüksektir (p = 0.050). Enerji içecekleri tüketimi ile Algılanan Öğrenme Düzeyi arasında (r = -0.12, p &lt; 0.05) negatif yönlü, kahve tüketimi ile PUKÖ puanı arasında (r = 0.12, p&lt;0.05) pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Öğrencilerin uyku kalitesi kötüdür. Öğrenme becerilerini güçlendirmek için uyku kalitesini iyileştirme ve içecek tüketim alışkanlıklarını değiştirme yönünde çaba harcanması uygun olabilir.
TODAY’S LOCAL VALUES OF TRADITIONAL CHILDREN’S GAMES: A METHAPHORICAL ECOLINGUISTICS VIEW
Authors: Rahardi Kunjana , Setyaningsih Yuliana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis research focuses on the description of local wisdom values contained in the traditional children’s games based on the local Javanese culture. The locational research data source was the Javanese children living in a Javanese community, especially those living in Yogyakarta. The substantive data was the local wisdom values presumably contained in the traditional children’s games. The data was gathered using the observation method, namely by observing texts of traditional children’s games available during the research timeline. The technique used to apply the observation method was recording and note-taking techniques. Besides the observation method, speaking or interviewing methods were also applied. Interview was conducted to several experts who understand the local wisdom values contained in the Javanese traditional children’s games. In addition, the interview was conducted to children who play the traditional children’s games. Data analysis was carried out using distributional and content analysis methods. Then, the local wisdom values were found in this research were: (1) Solidarity; (2) Balance; (3) Synergy; (4) Sportsmanship; (5) Agility and Resilience; (6) Agility and Precision; (7) Obedience to Norms; (8) Affection; (9) Agility and Fighting Spirit; (10) Creativity and Adaptability; (11) Creative Imagination; (12) Acceptance to Facts of Life; (13) Fulfilling the Destiny; (14) Obedience and Discipline; (15) Intelligence Test; (16) Synergy and Collaboration. The local wisdom values found in the traditional children’s games are: (a) Jejamuran, (b) Umbul Gambar, (c) Egrang, (d) Sunda Manda, (e) Gobak Sodor, (f) Cublak-Cublak Suweng, (g) Delikan, (h) Biyok, (i) Nekeran, (j) Yeye. Keywords: Local wisdom; traditional children’s games; ecolinguistic perspective
Democratic Custom v International Customary Law
Authors: Roughan Nicole 
Published: September 2019

This article responds to the criticism that customary international law is undemocratic, by arguing that the criticism takes too narrow a view of conceptions of democracy and custom. The author suggests that democracy can be conceived as a process of participation rather than representation; and presents a conception of "compound custom" which combines the elements of custom as a source of law, as a mode of rights, and as a foundation of interaction. With this conception of compound custom in mind, customary international law has a greater democratic potential.
The Legal Environment of Salmond's Time
Authors: Finn Jeremy 
Published: September 2019

This paper examines through multiple lenses the world of the lawyer in early 20th century New Zealand. It considers, and places in their social and political context, the major issues with which Parliament and the courts were dealing, notably issues to do with alienation of Māori land and attempts to prohibit the liquor trade, but also looking at law reform by private members' Bills. The reported decisions of the courts are analysed to consider the areas of frequent litigation, particularly land law (including Māori land cases), administrative and public law cases thrown up by the prohibition question and the very large volume of torts cases. It then examines the position of the judiciary and the courts, paying particular attention to agitation by the profession for increased judicial salaries and to the debates about the role of the Privy Council following its judgment in Wallis's case. It concludes with a discussion of the organisation and membership of the legal profession, the state of legal education and the development of a body of locally-generated legal literature.
New Zealand's Accident Compensation Scheme and Man-Made Disease
Authors: Hook Maria 
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes that cover provided for "personal injury" within the current Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Compensation Act 2001 should be extended to include man-made disease. The concept of man-made disease is used to distinguish between naturally occurring diseases and diseases that are predominantly caused by human activities. An analysis of the existing principles within the accident compensation scheme reveals that such an amendment is supported by three principles in particular: the replacement of the right to sue for personal injury, community causal responsibility and prevention. It is argued that as well as introducing long-needed consistency into the scheme, cover for man-made disease would remedy some of the problems regarding compensation for work-related diseases.
Civil Jurisdiction, Settler Politics, and the Colonial Constitution, circa 1840-58
Authors: Ward Damen 
Published: September 2019

In early colonial politics, decisions about lower court jurisdiction often reflected competing ideas about the relationship between different parts and functions of government. In particular, court structure and jurisdiction could be seen as having important implications for the role and power of the governor. Appreciating the importance of jurisdiction as a way of defining, and arguing about, the distribution and exercise of political and legal authority in the colonial constitution allows connections to be drawn between different elements of settler politics in the 1840s and 1850s. The closing of the Court of Requests by Governor Grey in 1848, and the decisions of the Supreme Court judges in subsequent litigation, provide examples of this. Debate over the role of the governor in emerging systems of representative and responsible government after 1852 contributed to lower court jurisdiction remaining politically significant, particularly in relation to Māori. This is shown by considering parliamentary debates about the Stafford ministry's 1858 proposals for resident magistrates' jurisdiction over "native districts". The politics of jurisdiction were part of wider contests about the establishment and consolidation of particular political and institutional relationships within the colonial constitution. This multi-faceted construction of government authority suggests a need to reconsider elements of Pākehā colonial politics and law.