bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sugammadex on Postoperative Myasthenic Crisis in Myasthenia Gravis Patients: Propensity Score Analysis of a Japanese Nationwide Database
Authors: Mouri Hideyuki , Jo Taisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
In myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, postoperative myasthenic crisis, and residual neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) can cause respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation. However, it remains unclear whether the use of sugammadex for NMBA reversal reduces postoperative myasthenic crisis in MG patients undergoing surgery. We analyzed the association between use of sugammadex and postoperative myasthenic crisis in patients with MG using a national inpatient database.

METHODS:
Adult patients with MG who received thymectomy under general anesthesia were identified in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database from July 1, 2010 to March 31, 2016. Patients who received sugammadex (sugammadex group) were compared with those who did not receive sugammadex (control group). The primary outcome was postoperative myasthenic crisis, and the secondary outcomes were postoperative pneumonia, tracheostomy, 28-day mortality, total hospitalization costs, and length of stay after surgery. Propensity scores were estimated by logistic regression based on the following variables: age; sex; body mass index (BMI); smoking index; history of cancer; Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); type of thymectomy; time from hospital admission to surgery; use of plasma exchange, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, anticholinesterase, and oral benzodiazepine before surgery; type of hospital; and treatment year. The outcomes were compared using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses to obtain good between-group balance.

RESULTS:
Of 795 patients identified, 506 patients received sugammadex and 289 patients did not. After stabilized IPTW, the sugammadex group was associated with a decrease in postoperative myasthenic crisis (22/507 [4.3%] vs 25/288 [8.7%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.91), but not associated with a decrease in postoperative pneumonia (5/507 [1.0%] vs 7/288 [2.4%]; OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.17–1.14) or tracheostomy (7/507 [1.4%] vs 10/288 [3.5%]; OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.12–1.22) compared with the control group. The sugammadex group had significantly lower median (interquartile range) total hospitalization costs ($13,186 [$11,250–$16,988] vs $14,119 [$11,713–$20,207]; P < .001) and median length of stay after surgery (10 [8–15] vs 11 [8–18] days; P < .001), compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this retrospective observational study, sugammadex was associated with reductions in postoperative myasthenic crisis and total hospitalization costs in adult patients with MG who received thymectomy. Given the present findings, sugammadex should be routinely administered for MG patients undergoing thymectomy.
Antebellum Coral
Authors: Navakas Michele Currie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoral circulated through the everyday lives of antebellum women and men (free and enslaved) as beads, necklaces, bracelets, reef specimens, and other objects. And antebellum coral was almost always more than merely ornamental. Coral has captivated people, across many cultures and centuries, because of its unique physical nature that combines animal and plant, living and nonliving matter, and that grows continually and unpredictably from the interaction of many small and sometimes invisible forces. Coral’s fluid, composite, indeterminate nature and growth set it apart from other natural materials, and it has historically raised new questions, prospects, and possibilities about the natural world as a whole. Yet the many prospects coral raised across centuries and cultures, I argue, share a central feature that enthralled antebellum Americans: coral provoked the recognition that there are limits to our capacity to know, describe, predict, classify, and rank nature, both human and nonhuman. “Antebellum Coral” assembles several written and visual reflections on coral beads and reveals how the cultural and natural history of these small everyday objects challenged the taxonomic thinking that increasingly structured antebellum life. Charting some of the challenges to knowledge, description, and classification raised by the polysemy of coral, I show that coral ultimately gave antebellum Americans new ways to imagine and evaluate an unpredictably fluid material world.
Region, Capitalism, and the Jew in the Post-TomPlantation Novel
Authors: Anthony David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay focuses on the consistently deployed but previously unnoticed figure of the Jew in the post–Uncle Tom’s Cabin plantation novel, whether “anti-Tom” or abolitionist in orientation. I argue that this character does complex ideological work in these novels, in particular as they stage economic tensions between the North and the South. On the one hand, the Jew as depicted in this work embodies the threat of Northern capitalism, which many in the South viewed as an overwhelmingly powerful force. On the other hand, the Jew of these novels acts as a figure for Southern ambivalence about capitalism; indeed, he was in many instances a projected form of economic envy and self-division. In this the Jew was the figure through whom the South could, however reluctantly, come to terms with the capitalist underpinnings of the Southern slave economy and thus its own inextricable relationship to the North and, indeed, the many countries involved in the global slave trade.
Restrictions, Power, Companionship, and Intimacy: A Metasynthesis of People With Intellectual Disability Speaking About Sex and Relationships
Authors: Black Rhonda S. , Kammes Rebecca R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExamining literature that tells us what people with intellectual disability (PWID) think and feel about their sexual lives may enable families and professionals to offer a more person-centered approach to education and support. Examining the voices of many individuals across several studies may provide more convincing evidence about the experiences of these individuals—turning a solo into a chorus. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the results of a metasynthesis of qualitative studies highlighting the voices of PWID with respect to relationships and sexuality. Combining the results of 16 qualitative studies, 271 participants with intellectual disability were interviewed individually or in focus groups about their feelings and experiences regarding intimate relationships. Studies were conducted across Europe, in Australia, China, and in the United States. A little more than half of the participants were male; ages ranged from 13 to 89. Results revealed two competing themes of control and desire. Participants across studies desired friendships and close interpersonal relationships, yet were restricted from developing these relationships by policies, program staff, and family members.
Extra-analytical sources of uncertainty: which ones really matter?
Authors: Padoan Andrea , Sciacovelli Laura , Zhou Rui , Plebani Mario 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Since the endorsement by ISO15189:2012 of measurement uncertainty (MU) for the estimation of error in measurement procedures, the debate has been ongoing with questions concerning which method should be used for estimating MU and the benefits of using MU over other error methods. However, only limited attention has been given to extra-analytical sources of uncertainty and, currently, a clear standpoint is still missing. This opinion paper aims to evaluate whether extra-analytical variables could be included in MU. Considering coagulation tests as an example, the possible sources of preanalytical variations are evaluated by using a fishbone diagram. After excluding preanalytical errors, additional sources of uncertainty are divided into amenable to standardization/harmonization and/or possible random sources, which are not standardizable nor harmonizable. Finally, sources of uncertainty are evaluated for a possible inclusion into MU. In addition, postanalytical uncertainty is discussed, particularly considering the laboratory results calculated through a mathematical equation, derived from one or more quantities affected by their specific uncertainty.
The Black Mediterranean: Liminality and the Reconfiguration of Afroeuropeanness
Authors: Grimaldi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on emerging forms of ethnic identification among Italians of Ethiopian and Eritrean origins. In 2013, in parallel with the so-called refugees’ crisis in Europe, children of immigrants engaged in the Milanese management of forced migrations in the diasporic neighbourhood of Milano Porta Venezia. They legitimated their actions by emphasising a shared Habesha ancestral ethnicity with the asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa. The article considers their ethnic identification in relation to the changes in the public discourse on the Mediterranean route. These ethnic identifications and mobilisations are interpreted as claims for social recognition as Italians rather than a form of the revivification of their ancestral ethnicity in the analysis. The Black Mediterranean represent a privileged analytical and physical space to work on the resignification of Afro-European subjectivities in contemporary Europe.
Correlation between intakes of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with random blood sugar levels in menopausal women
Authors: Suniyadewi Ni Wayan , Pinatih G.N Indraguna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveCarbohydrates, proteins, and fats are energy sources needed by the body for performing daily activities and generating primary energy substances. In women who have undergone menopause, the function of thyroid hormone in their body begins to decline and thus affects the ability of the body to produce energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the intakes of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and random blood sugar levels in menopausal women.MethodsThis study was a correlational analytical research with a cross-sectional design, which was conducted in 72 menopausal women recruited by the purposive sampling technique. In this study, a 24-hour food recall form was used, and randomized blood sugar levels were measured using a glucometer. The analysis of the data was performed using a Pearson product moment and multiple linear regression.ResultsCarbohydrates and fats together affected random blood sugar levels with anF-value of 25.810 and ap-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, adjustedR2 showed the value of 0.411, indicating that the difference in the intake of carbohydrates and fats together affected random blood sugar levels by 41.1%.ConclusionsIntake of carbohydrates and fats affected random blood sugar levels, whereas the rest were influenced by other factors, and protein intake was unrelated to random blood sugar levels in menopausal women.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Characteristics in an Inclining Rotating Kiln with Continuous Feeding
Authors: Zheng Xin , Jin Baosheng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Youwei , Zhou Chunlei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The granular behaviors in rotating kilns have been investigated using a three-dimensional CFD model based on Euler-Euler multiphase model and the kinetic theory of granular flow. The model is validated by comparing with published experiment data and existing theory. The continuous feeding progress and inclination angles are both taken into account in this work for thorough discussion. Typical regimes of solid motions and velocity distributions are shown in the simulation results. The results show that the impact caused by feeding process has an obvious influence on the velocity distribution of z axis, especially at the charging end of the kiln. A small inclination angle has a slight influence on the velocity distribution of z axis, and causes the thickness of the active region increasing with the increasing of axil distance. The rotating speed is the biggest influencing factor for the velocity distribution in the transverse plane. The result can help the development of three-dimensional models for rotary kilns and the improvement of kiln design and performance.
How to Determine whether Evolution Debunks Moral Realism
Authors: Pölzler Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anti-realistischen evolutionären Entlarvungsargumenten zufolge unterminieren evolutionstheoretische Erwägungen die Rechtfertigung unserer moralischen Urteile, sofern man die Existenz objektiver moralischer Wahrheiten annimmt (was die Existenz dieser Wahrheiten ausschließt oder unwahrscheinlich macht). Kontroversen um diese Argumente gründen oft in Missverständnissen darüber, wie deren Prämissen gestützt oder geschwächt werden können. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist deshalb eine Klärung evolutionärer Entlarvungsargumente. Ich werde jene Arten von philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Belegen identifizieren, die erbracht werden müssten, damit diese Argumente angemessen bewertet werden können. Dabei wird sich herausstellen, dass philosophische Untersuchungen einen größeren Beitrag leisten können als gemeinhin angenommen. Die Bewertung von evolutionären Entlarvungsargumenten ist so schwierig, weil ihre philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Aspekte eng miteinander verwoben sind.
Organallokation bei der Leber
Authors: Dannecker Gerhard 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland verlangt das Transplantationsgesetz die Zuteilung von postmortal gespendeten Organen nach den Kriterien der Dringlichkeit und der Erfolgsaussicht. Der herrschenden Auffassung zufolge darf die Erfolgsaussicht hierbei jedoch lediglich den Charakter einer Minimalnutzenschwelle annehmen. Eine darüber hinausgehende Gewichtung von Erfolgsaussichten soll zudem nicht mit der Lebenswertindifferenzkonzeption des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu vereinbaren sein, die aus dem Gleichheitsgrundsatz sowie aus der Menschenwürde abgeleitet wird. Gerhard Dannecker argumentiert, diese im juristischen Schrifttum überwiegend vertretene Auffassung sei weniger zwingend, als es auf den ersten Blick scheinen mag. Seiner Auffassung zufolge lässt sich aus der Lebensschutzgarantie in Artikel 2 der Verfassung eine Pflicht ableiten, die vorhandenen Ressourcen möglichst effektiv einzusetzen. Zwar dürfe Effizienz hier tatsächlich nicht bedeuten, dass die Funktionsdauer der vorhandenen Organe über das Gesamtkollektiv aller Patienten hinweg utilitaristisch zu maximieren sei - eine Pflicht zur Rettung einer möglichst großen Anzahl an Menschen lässt sich ihres Erachtens jedoch durchaus rechtfertigen.
Femtomolar detection of nucleic acid based on functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Jiaoqi , Zhang Yang , Lin Zhongquan , Liu Wei , Chen Xueping , Liu Yu , Tian Huiyan , Liu Qiqian , Gillibert Raymond , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Djaker Nadia , de la Chapelle Marc Lamy , Xiang Yang , Fu Weiling 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection is essential for the accurate and early diagnosis of a disease. In this study, a femtomolar DNA detection method based on the exploitation of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed. We prepared Poly Ethylen Glycol (PEG) functionalized AuNPs with a specific DNA capture probe (CP) directly modified on the gold surface. Two strategies are proposed using different kinds of CP to detect the target DNA (tDNA). In the first strategy, CP is the complementary of the complete sequence of the DNA (CCP method). For the second strategy, we used two CPs, which were half complementary to tDNA, and these were hybridized with tDNA to form sandwich structures (MIX method). The results showed that our detection methods are highly sensitive and that the limits of detection of 124 am and 2.54 fm tDNA can be reached when using the CCP and MIX methods, respectively. In addition, the specificity of our two strategies is also demonstrated with mismatched DNAs. The proposed method provides a simple, fast, sensitive and specific DNA biosensor, which has the potential to be used for point-of-care tests (POCT).
Object-Oriented Baudrillard? Withdrawal and Symbolic Exchange
Authors: King Matthew James 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBy comparing Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and Baudrillard through the lens of a study of the notion of withdrawal in Heidegger’s tool analysis and “The Question Concerning Technology”, this article explores the extent to which an Object-Oriented Baudrillard is possible, or even necessary. Considering an OOO understanding of Mauss’s gift-exchange, a possible critique of duomining in Baudrillard and a revision of Baudrillard’s understanding of art, the prospects of a new reading of Baudrillard and interpretation of OOO’s genealogy are established. These lines of comparison qualify the role of withdrawal in Baudrillard and symbolic exchange for OOO, and lead towards the conclusion that an Object-Oriented Baudrillard is possible, but may not, conversely, be considered necessary.
CSCCa and NSCA Joint Consensus Guidelines for Transition Periods: Safe Return to Training Following Inactivity
Authors: Caterisano Anthony , Decker Donald , Snyder Ben , Feigenbaum Matt , Glass Rob , House Paul , Sharp Carwyn , Waller Michael , Witherspoon Zach 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
THE INCIDENCE OF INJURIES AND DEATHS RELATED TO EXERTIONAL HEAT ILLNESS (EHI), EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS (ER), AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FAILURE HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN COLLEGE ATHLETES IN RECENT YEARS. DATA INDICATE THAT THESE INJURIES AND DEATHS ARE MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR DURING PERIODS WHEN ATHLETES ARE TRANSITIONING FROM RELATIVE INACTIVITY TO REGULAR TRAINING. TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM, THE CSCCA AND NSCA HAVE CREATED CONSENSUS GUIDELINES WHICH RECOMMEND UPPER LIMITS ON THE VOLUME, INTENSITY, AND WORK:REST RATIO DURING TRANSITION PERIODS WHERE ATHLETES ARE MOST VULNERABLE. THE CONSENSUS GUIDELINES PROVIDE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES WITH A CLEAR FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE PROGRAM DESIGN IN THE FIRST 2–4 WEEKS FOLLOWING PERIODS OF INACTIVITY OR RETURN FROM EHI OR ER. ADHERING TO THE CONSENSUS GUIDELINES, CONDUCTING PREPARTICIPATION MEDICAL EVALUATIONS, AND ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS WILL REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF INJURIES AND DEATHS IN COLLEGE ATHLETES.
Controllable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Surfaces Fabrication by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Srin K. S. , Padmanabham G. , Bathe Ravi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ultrafast laser processing has emerged as important tool for micro- and nanoscale fabrications. It is also used to create self-organized microstructures with nanoscale features on surfaces. Fabrications of superhydrophobic surfaces induced by femtosecond laser have many applications that include anticorrosion, self-cleaning, and drag reduction. We created hydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel surfaces by producing a hierarchical nano–microstructure with ultrafast laser ablation. Periodic nano–microstructures with different topographies were fabricated on stainless steel AISI 304 surface using a femtosecond laser with a pulse duration of 100 fs and a wavelength of 800 nm. Ablation was performed in the open air with no subsequent treatment. In this study, a three-level Box–Behnken design of response surface method was used to investigate and optimize the process parameters for hydrophobic surfaces. The laser-machined hierarchical nano–microstructures were examined using a scanning electron microscope and an opto-digital 3D microscope. The wetting of surfaces was measured in terms of the contact angle of a water droplet using a digitized goniometer. The contact angle of laser-modified surfaces was changed from a hydrophilic behavior to a hydrophobic one without any surface coatings. The effect of pulse energy was found to be significant on the output characterization. The results revealed that the average pulse energy range of 0.035–0.05 mJ at 10,000 Hz with a scanning speed of 10–100 mm/s and line separation of 10–30 μm produced hydrophobic surfaces with the apparent contact angle of 110–135°. We demonstrated a simple way to tune hydrophobicity using femtosecond laser surface modification in a single step with no subsequent post treatment.
From the Crisis of Connection to the Pursuit of our Common Humanity
Authors: Noguera Pedro A. 
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the “crisis of connection” and the way in which the “empathy gap” has become manifest in the treatment of refugee children in schools, and in modern society generally. Despite the fact that schools in the US have historically played a central role in integrating new immigrants into American society, they are increasingly ill equipped and unprepared to respond adequately to the needs of the new wave of refugees and unaccompanied minors. Moreover, with growing hostility toward immigrants expressed by politicians, civic groups and the media, public willingness to assist schools in serving the newly arrived has eroded. This paper examines the role of schools in overcoming the crisis of connection by drawing attention to schools and districts that have responded with compassion, empathy and a willingness to develop creative solutions to address the critical needs of immigrant and refugee children. Drawing on research carried out at several such schools and through the analysis of several case studies, the paper shows how education can overcome xenophobia and hostility in schools by promoting trust, belonging, student voice, and building on recognition of "common interests" that transcend differences based on nationality and legal status.
Comprehensive Multiple eQTL Detection and Its Application to GWAS Interpretation
Authors: Zeng Biao , Lloyd-Jones Luke R , Montgomery Grant W , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tonu , Franke Lude , Vosa Urmo , Claringbould Annique , Brigham Kenneth L , Quyyumi Arshed A , Idaghdour Youssef , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M , Powell Joseph E , Gibson Greg 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Expression QTL (eQTL) detection has emerged as an important tool for unraveling the relationship between genetic risk factors and disease or clinical phenotypes. Most studies are predicated on the assumption that only a single causal variant explains the association signal in each interval. This greatly simplifies the statistical modeling, but is liable to biases in scenarios where multiple local causal-variants are responsible. Here, our primary goal was to address the prevalence of secondary cis-eQTL signals regulating peripheral blood gene expression locally, utilizing two large human cohort studies, each &gt;2500 samples with accompanying whole genome genotypes. The CAGE (Consortium for the Architecture of Gene Expression) dataset is a compendium of Illumina microarray studies, and the Framingham Heart Study is a two-generation Affymetrix dataset. We also describe Bayesian colocalization analysis of the extent of sharing of cis-eQTL detected in both studies as well as with the BIOS RNAseq dataset. Stepwise conditional modeling demonstrates that multiple eQTL signals are present for ∼40% of over 3500 eGenes in both microarray datasets, and that the number of loci with additional signals reduces by approximately two-thirds with each conditioning step. Although &lt;20% of the peak signals across platforms fine map to the same credible interval, the colocalization analysis finds that as many as 50–60% of the primary eQTL are actually shared. Subsequently, colocalization of eQTL signals with GWAS hits detected 1349 genes whose expression in peripheral blood is associated with 591 human phenotype traits or diseases, including enrichment for genes with regulatory functions. At least 10%, and possibly as many as 40%, of eQTL-trait colocalized signals are due to nonprimary cis-eQTL peaks, but just one-quarter of these colocalization signals replicated across the gene expression datasets. Our results are provided as a web-based resource for visualization of multi-site regulation of gene expression and its association with human complex traits and disease states.