bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four large historical floods of the Ebro river in the city of Zaragoza: 1643, 1775, 1871 and 1961
Authors: Galván Plaza Rogelio 
Published: July 2019

A partir principalmente de documentación de archivo, se describen y analizan cuatro inundaciones extraordinarias registradas del río Ebro en Zaragoza: 1643, 1775, 1871 y 1961. Estas avenidas pueden ser consideradas las más importantes acontecidas en estos últimos siglos. De las dos primeras se aporta información hasta ahora desconocida. El contraste entre todas ellas, con la ayuda de la cartografía histórica y con la reciente cartografía de zonas inundables, constata un patrón secular: el río busca su margen izquierda, hoy profusamente urbanizada, como zona inundable natural; solo la obra humana lo impide.
Using mainly historical sources, four extraordinary floods of the Ebro River in Zaragoza are described and analyzed: 1643, 1775, 1871 and 1961. These floods can be considered largest that have taken place along last centuries. New information hitherto unknown of the first two of them is provided. The contrast between all of them, with the aid of historical cartography and recent flood mapping, proves a secular pattern: the river tries to move towards its left bank, nowadays heavily urbanized, as its natural flood zone; only the human work prevents it.
Consequences of climate change in the availability of water in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Evaluation of the INVEST hydrological model in future scenarios
Authors: Pérez Cutillas Pedro 
Published: July 2019

El sureste de la Península Ibérica se caracteriza por una trascendental escasez de agua, cada vez más agravada por los efectos del cambio climático. Para valorar sus consecuencias, se elaboró un análisis combinado de 30 cuencas mediante el modelo hidrológico del programa de evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos InVEST. La metodología empleada se basó en escenarios de concentración de gases de efecto invernadero, representados en niveles de fuerza de radiación de condición intermedia (RCP4.5) y extrema (RCP8.5); y proyectados para dos periodos, a corto plazo (2020-2050) y medio plazo (2070-2100). Los resultados mostraron unas tendencias de cambio en los escenarios analizados, con descensos promedio respecto a los registros actuales del 15% en precipitación, y aumentos promedio del 5% en la evapotranspiración de referencia. La reducción en la disponibilidad hídrica de las cuencas, proporcionaron tasas de variación negativas entre el 30 y 50% para los escenarios más realistas (RCP45 2050 y RCP45 2100). Los efectos en la disminución de los recursos hídricos debidos al cambio climático son evidentes, siendo necesarias soluciones urgentes relacionadas con la gestión del agua y sus demandas futuras.
Water scarcity characterizes the environments of the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, and it is expected to increase due to the effects of climate change. An analysis of 30 basins was perform to assess their consequences through the hydrological model of the ecosystem services assessme nt InVEST. Scenarios of concentration of greenhouse gases were used, that represent intermediate and extreme conditions in the level of radiative forcing values (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), projected for two periods, short term (2020 - 2050) and medium term (2070 - 2 100). In the analyzed scenarios, the results indicated some trends of change, showing average decreases of 15% in precipitation, and average increases of 5% in potential evapotranspiration, regarding current values. Water yield showed a decrease, with nega tive variation rates between 30 and 50% for the most realistic scenarios (RCP45 2050 and RCP45 2100). The effects on the decrease of water resources due to climate change are visible, therefore solutions related to water management and future services will be demanded.
Quel leadership pour implémenter et développer une culture d’orientation marché ?
Authors: Gotteland David 
Published: July 2019

Posséder une culture d’orientation marché est pour une entreprise un facteur impératif de sa performance à court et à long terme. Mais les entreprises rencontrent un succès mitigé dans la création et le maintien d’une telle culture. Comment une entreprise peut-elle devenir plus orientée marché ? Les recherches du domaine indiquent qu’une culture d’orientation marché peut apparaître et se maintenir de deux manières dans une organisation : de manière informelle (émergente) et de manière formelle (délibérée). Ces deux approches ne sont pas incompatibles, mais peuvent au contraire être conciliées pour mieux sécuriser le processus de transformation culturelle de l’entreprise. Le choix du leader est ici décisif. L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner quel leadership peut permettre à une entreprise de concilier les approches formelle et informelle de l’orientation marché.
Survival Following Video-Assisted Thoracic and Mini-Thoracotomy Pericardial Fenestration
Authors: Mouton Wolfgang G. , Mürmann Joana , Mouton Kim T. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Surgical pericardial fenestration (sPF) is more invasive than interventional pericardiocentesis (PC) and requires general anesthesia. Severe complications such as ventricular puncture and chamber lacerations are, however, reported in association with PC and not with sPF. Is survival after sPF only determined by nonsurgical factors?

Methods:
Between July 2000 and December 2015, data of all patients who had undergone sPF—either thoracoscopically or by anterior mini-thoracotomy—were investigated. The 2 techniques were analyzed retrospectively and the outcome (effectiveness, change in shock index) and the survival were assessed.

Results:
32 patients underwent 33 sPF. One-half of the patients had a benign underlying disease; the other half suffered from a malignant tumor. Four procedures were performed thoracoscopically and 29 via mini-thoracotomy. Both techniques were hemodynamically effective (P &lt; 0.0001) in increasing blood pressure and decreasing pulse rate). There was no death due to failure to control the pericardial effusion and no procedure related mortality. Of the 16 patients with benign underlying disease 14 (87.5%) are still alive. Two died due to reasons unrelated to the procedure or the underlying disease. All 16 patients (100%) with malignant underlying disease died due to tumor progression.

Conclusions:
In our patient cohort minimally invasive thoracic PF was safe and effective. The survival in our study was only related to the nature of the underlying disease. We conclude that sPF is an excellent procedure to treat pericardial effusions: both examined surgical techniques, thoracoscopic video assisted and access via mini-thoracotomy, were equally effective and safe.
Translocator protein in late stage Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies brains
Authors: Xu Jinbin , Sun Jianjun , Perrin Richard J. , Mach Robert H. , Bales Kelly R. , Morris John C. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Holtzman David M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveIncreased translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), in glial cells of the brain has been used as a neuroinflammation marker in the early and middle stages of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). In this study, we investigated the changes in TSPO density with respect to late stage AD and DLB.MethodsTSPO density was measured in multiple regions of postmortem human brains in 20 different cases: seven late stage AD cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: VI; Aged 74–88, mean: 83 ± 5 years), five DLB cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: V; Aged 79–91, mean: 84 ± 4 years), and eight age‐matched normal control cases (3 males, 5 females: aged 77–92 years; mean: 87 ± 6 years). Measurements were taken by quantitative autoradiography using [3H]PK11195 and [3H]PBR28.ResultsNo significant changes were found in TSPO density of the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, or red nucleus of the AD and DLB brains. A significant reduction in TSPO density was found in the substantia nigra (SN) of the AD and DLB brains compared to that of age‐matched healthy controls.InterpretationThis distinct pattern of TSPO density change in late stage AD and DLB cases may imply the occurrence of microglia dystrophy in late stage neurodegeneration. Furthermore, TSPO may not only be a microglia activation marker in early stage AD and DLB, but TSPO may also be used to monitor microglia dysfunction in the late stage of these diseases.
Contributions of fire refugia to resilient ponderosa pine and dry mixed‐conifer forest landscapes
Authors: Coop Jonathan D. , DeLory Timothy J. , Downing William M. , Haire Sandra L. , Krawchuk Meg A. , Miller Carol , Parisien Marc‐André , Walker Ryan B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAltered fire regimes can drive major and enduring compositional shifts or losses of forest ecosystems. In western North America, ponderosa pine and dry mixed‐conifer forest types appear increasingly vulnerable to uncharacteristically extensive, high‐severity wildfire. However, unburned or only lightly impacted forest stands that persist within burn mosaics—termed fire refugia—may serve as tree seed sources and promote landscape recovery. We sampled tree regeneration along gradients of fire refugia proximity and density at 686 sites within the perimeters of 12 large wildfires that occurred between 2000 and 2005 in the interior western United States. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to elucidate statistical relationships between tree regeneration and refugia pattern, including a new metric that incorporates patch proximity and proportional abundance. These relationships were then used to develop a spatially explicit landscape simulation model. We found that regeneration by ponderosa pine and obligate‐seeding mixed‐conifer tree species assemblages was strongly and positively predicted by refugia proximity and density. Simulation models revealed that for any given proportion of the landscape occupied by refugia, small patches produced greater landscape recovery than large patches. These results highlight the disproportionate importance of small, isolated islands of surviving trees, which may not be detectable with coarse‐scale satellite imagery. Findings also illustrate the interplay between patch‐scale resistance and landscape‐scale resilience: Disturbance‐resistant settings (fire refugia) can entrain resilience (forest regeneration) across the burn matrix. Implications and applications for land managers and conservation practitioners include strategies for the promotion and maintenance of fire refugia as components of resilient forest landscapes.
Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the early inflammatory response after tendon injury and repair
Authors: Shen Hua , Yoneda Susumu , Abu‐Amer Yousef , Guilak Farshid , Gelberman Richard H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAdipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to enhance tendon repair via paracrine regulation of the inflammatory response to injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by ASCs, have shown promise in mediating this process. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ASC EVs on early tendon healing using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model. EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of naïve and interferonγ‐primed ASCs and applied to the repair site via a collagen sheet. Tendon healing was assessed in nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐luciferase reporter mice up to 7 days after suture repair. As anticipated, repair site NF‐κB activity increased greater than twofold following tendon repair. Treatment with EVs from primed but not naïve ASCs effectively suppressed the response. Accordingly, the pro‐inflammatory genes Il1b and Ifng were both dramatically increased in repaired tendons, while primed, but not naïve ASC EVs attenuated the response. Compared with control repairs, primed ASC EVs further reduced the rate of post‐repair tendon gap formation and rupture and facilitated collagen formation at the injury site. Additional experiments demonstrated that EVs target macrophages and that primed ASC EVs were most effective in blocking macrophage NF‐κB activity. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that primed ASC EVs, similar to ASCs, attenuate the early tendon inflammatory response after injury via modulation of the macrophage inflammatory response. Statement of clinical significance: These findings introduce a new cell‐free therapy, derived from stem cells, for tendon repair with the potential for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:117–127, 2020
Study on structure optimization of a dual IGBT module heat sink in a DC–DC converter under natural convection based on field synergy theory
Authors: Li Guangyi , Zhang Junhong , Gao Jianxin 
Published: July 2019

Aiming at the heat sink with dual insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules in a direct current to direct current (DC‐DC) converter, the calculation of the temperature field of the cooling structure with low power consumption is completed by using Icepak simulation software, and analysis of the influence of the two IGBT module installation distance on the maximum temperature. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of two heat sources decreases with the installation distance, but the maximum decline is not more than 0.5 °C. Based on field synergy theory, it is found that the local structure of the heat sink is not conducive to the natural convection heat transfer. Therefore, the improved measures of slotting the plate are proposed, and the effectiveness of this measure to reduce the heat source temperature is verified by simulation analysis and experiment. The influence of slot size on the maximum temperature of heat source is analyzed: the maximum temperature of heat source decreases with the increase of slot size. When the slot size is 16 mm, the cooling effect is obvious, and the maximum temperature drop is up to 6 °C compared with that before the slotting. Besides, the slot processing can also reduce the heat sink material and reduce the weight. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Histories of Global Inequality: Introduction
Authors: Christiansen Christian Olaf , Jensen Steven L. B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces the edited volume Histories of Global Inequality: New Perspectives. It makes a seminal contribution to the current research field of the history of global inequality in three distinct ways. First, it reviews the current historiography on global inequality. Second, it historicizes inequality research, offering a brief intellectual and conceptual history of global inequality. Third, arguing that global inequalities are multidimensional and multicausal phenomena, it outlines a new research agenda for historians working with global inequality that can supplement the burgeoning economic and quantitatively oriented research on global inequality.
Affinity-binding immobilization of d-amino acid oxidase on mesoporous silica by a silica-specific peptide
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Qi Wenjing , Xu Hongping , Yu Huimin , Zhang Shuliang , Shen Zhongyao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is widely used for large-scale industrial applications. However, the weak absorption through physical methods limits the recovery ability. Here, affinity-binding immobilization of enzymes was explored using a silica-specific affinity peptide (SAP) as a fusion tag to intensify the binding force between the enzyme and mesoporous silica (MPS) carrier. d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) of Rhodosporidium toruloides was used as a model enzyme. The optimal screened SAP (LPHWHPHSHLQP) was selected from a M13 phage display peptide library and fused to the C-terminal of DAAO to obtain fused DAAOs with one, two and three SAP tags, respectively. The activity of DAAO–SAP–MPS was superior comparing with DAAO–2SAP–MPS and DAAO–3SAP–MPS; meanwhile DAAO–SAP–MPS shows 36% higher activity than that of DAAO–MPS. Fusion with one SAP improved the thermal stability with a 10% activity increase for immobilized DAAO–SAP–MPS compared to that of DAAO–MPS at 50 °C for 3 h. Moreover, the activity recovery of immobilized DAAO–SAP–MPS was 25% higher in operation stability assessment after six-batch conversions of cephalosporin to glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid than that of DAAO–MPS.
Identification of candidate disease genes in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Liu Guojun , Bolkov Mikhail A. , Tuzankina Irina A. , Danilova Irina G. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most prevalent form of primary immunodeficiency (PID), is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Understanding protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks of CVID genes and identifying candidate CVID genes are critical steps in facilitating the early diagnosis of CVID. Here, the aim was to investigate PPI networks of CVID genes and identify candidate CVID genes using computation techniques.MethodsNetwork density and biological distance were used to study PPI data for CVID and PID genes obtained from the STRING database. Gene expression data of patients with CVID were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and then Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a PPI database, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify candidate CVID genes. We then evaluated our predictions and identified differentially expressed CVID genes.ResultsThe majority of CVID genes are characterized by a high network density and small biological distance, whereas most PID genes are characterized by a low network density and large biological distance, indicating that CVID genes are more functionally similar to each other and closely interact with one other compared with PID genes. Subsequently, we identified 172 CVID candidate genes that have similar biological functions to known CVID genes, and eight genes were recently reported as CVID‐related genes. MYC, a candidate gene, was down‐regulated in CVID duodenal biopsies, but up‐regulated in blood samples compared with levels in healthy controls.ConclusionOur findings will aid in a better understanding of the complex of CVID genes, possibly further facilitating the early diagnosis of CVID.
Administrative law and the machines of government: judicial review of automated public-sector decision-making
Authors: Cobbe Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe future is likely to see an increase in the public-sector use of automated decision-making systems which employ machine learning techniques. However, there is no clear understanding of how English administrative law will apply to this kind of decision-making. This paper seeks to address the problem by bringing together administrative law, data protection law, and a technical understanding of automated decision-making systems in order to identify some of the questions to ask and factors to consider when reviewing the use of these systems. Due to the relative novelty of automated decision-making in the public sector, this kind of study has not yet been undertaken elsewhere. As a result, this paper provides a starting point for judges, lawyers, and legal academics who wish to understand how to legally assess or review automated decision-making systems and identifies areas where further research is required.
Spatial diffusion of the 2015–2016 Zika, dengue and chikungunya epidemics in Rio de Janeiro Municipality, Brazil
Authors: Dalvi A. P. R. , Braga J. U. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Different countries, especially Brazil, that have faced recurrent dengue epidemics for decades and chikungunya epidemics since 2014, have had to restructure their health services to combat a triple epidemic of arboviruses – Zika, dengue and Chikungunya – transmitted by the same vector, mainly Aedes aegypti, in 2015–2016. Several efforts have been made to better understand these three arboviruses. Spatial analysis plays an important role in the knowledge of disease dynamics. The knowledge of the patterns of spatial diffusion of these three arboviruses during an epidemic can contribute to the planning of surveillance actions and control of these diseases. This study aimed to identify the spatial diffusion processes of these viruses in the context of the triple epidemic in 2015–2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two study designs were used: cross-sectional and ecological. Sequential Kernel maps, nearest-neighbour ratios calculated cumulatively over time, Moran global autocorrelation correlograms, and local autocorrelation changes over time were used to identify spatial diffusion patterns. The results suggested an expansion diffusion pattern for the three arboviruses during 2015–2016 in Rio de Janeiro. These findings can be considered for more effective control measures and for new studies on the dynamics of these three arboviruses.
Parameterizing Air‐Water Gas Exchange in the Shallow, Microtidal New River Estuary
Authors: Van Dam Bryce R. , Edson James B. , Tobias Craig 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEstuarine CO2 emissions are important components of regional and global carbon budgets, but assessments of this flux are plagued by uncertainties associated with gas transfer velocity (k) parameterization. We combined direct eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux with waterside pCO2 determinations to generate more reliable k parameterizations for use in small estuaries. When all data were aggregated, k was described well by a linear relationship with wind speed (U10), in a manner consistent with prior open ocean and estuarine k parameterizations. However, k was significantly greater at night and under low wind speed, and nighttime k was best predicted by a parabolic, rather than linear, relationship with U10. We explored the effect of waterside thermal convection but found only a weak correlation between convective scale and k. Hence, while convective forcing may be important at times, it appears that factors besides waterside thermal convection were likely responsible for the bulk of the observed nighttime enhancement in k. Regardless of source, we show that these day‐night differences in k should be accounted for when CO2 emissions are assessed over short time scales or when pCO2 is constant and U10 varies. On the other hand, when temporal variability in pCO2 is large, it exerts greater control over CO2 fluxes than does k parameterization. In these cases, the use of a single k value or a simple linear relationship with U10 is often sufficient. This study provides important guidance for k parameterization in shallow or microtidal estuaries, especially when diel processes are considered.