bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning natural selection through computational thinking: Unplugged design of algorithmic explanations
Authors: Peel Amanda , Sadler Troy D. , Friedrichsen Patricia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComputational thinking (CT) is a way of making sense of the natural world and problem solving with computer science concepts and skills. Although CT and science integrations have been called for in the literature, empirical investigations of such integrations are lacking. Prior work in natural selection education indicates students struggle to explain natural selection in different contexts and natural selection misconceptions are common. In this mixed methods study, secondary honors biology students learn natural selection through CT by engaging in the design of unplugged algorithmic explanations. Students learned CT principles and practices and applied them to learn and explain the natural selection process. Algorithmic explanations were used to scaffold transfer of natural selection knowledge across contexts through investigation of three organisms and the creation of generalized natural selection algorithms. Students' pre‐ and post‐unit algorithmic explanations of natural selection were analyzed to answer the following research questions: (a) How do students' conceptions of natural selection change over the course of a CT focused unit? (b) What is the relationship between CT and natural selection in students' algorithmic explanations? (c) What are students' perspectives of learning natural selection with CT? Results indicate students' conceptions of natural selection increased and natural selection misconceptions decreased over the course of the unit. Within their post‐unit algorithmic explanations, students used specific CT principles in conjunction with natural selection concepts to explain natural selection, which helped them to learn the details of the natural selection process and correct their natural selection misconceptions. Students indicated the use of CT in unplugged algorithmic explanations in different contexts helped them learn natural selection. This study shows unplugged CT can be used to teach students science content, and it provides an example for further CT and science integrations. Implications for the field are discussed.
Objective tongue color and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kainuma Mosaburo , Furusyo Norihiro , Urita Yoshihisa , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Ura Kazuya , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Namiki Takao 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAimGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a heterogeneous, multi‐symptom disease. The Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) is used to evaluate the disease severity and therapeutic response. We reported that objective tongue diagnosis would be a useful, non‐invasive screening tool for erosive gastritis, which makes it a useful complement to Kampo diagnosis. This study was done to investigate the utility of tongue color (TC) and FSSG in the diagnosis of GERD.MethodsA total of 886 healthy Japanese residents aged 28–86 years had a photograph of the tongue taken, completed the FSSG, and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. FSSG ≥8 was defined as GERD, mucosal break on endoscopy as reflux esophagitis (RE), and no erosive esophagitis as non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD). TC was measured using the device‐independent International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1976 L*a*b* color space standards at four points.ResultsA total of 152 (17.2%) of the subjects had FSSG ≥8. On endoscopy 36 (4.1%) had RE and 116 (13.1%) had NERD. Age, sex, and smoking were significant in the multivariate analysis of GERD (OR, 0.64, P = 0.043; OR, 0.65, P = 0.036; and OR, 2.06, P = 0.014, respectively). Sex and TC (3b*/1b*) were significant in the multivariate analysis of RE (OR, 4.82, P < 0.001; OR, 3.59, P = 0.018, respectively). On receiver operating characteristics analysis, a combination of sex (male) and TC (3b*/1b*) ≥1.24 was more predictive of RE than sex (male) alone (area under the curve, 0.75 vs 0.70).ConclusionCombining FSSG ≥8, sex, and a positive tongue color coating would be a useful, accurate, non‐invasive screening method for GERD, especially RE.
Psychometric Properties of Child (0–5 Years) Outcome Measures as used in Randomized Controlled Trials of Parent Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gridley Nicole , Blower Sarah , Dunn Abby , Bywater Tracey , Bryant Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis systematic review is one of the three which sought to identify measures commonly implemented in parenting program research, and to assess the level of psychometric evidence available for their use with this age group. This review focuses specifically on measures of child social–emotional and behavioral outcomes. Two separate searches of the same databases were conducted; firstly to identify eligible instruments, and secondly to identify studies reporting on the psychometric properties of the identified measures. Five commercial platforms hosting 19 electronic databases were searched from their inception to conducted search dates. Twenty-four measures were identified from Search 1: a systematic search of randomized controlled trial evaluations of parenting programs. For Search 2, inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to 21,329 articles that described the development and/or validation of the 24 measures identified in Search 1. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. resulting in 11 parent report questionnaires and three developmental assessment measures for review. Data were extracted and synthesized to describe the methodological quality of each article using the COSMIN checklist alongside the overall quality rating of the psychometric property reported for each measure. Measure reliability was categorized into four domains (internal consistency, test–re-test, inter-rater, and intra-rater). Measure validity was categorized into four domains (content, structural, convergent/divergent, and discriminant). Results indicated that supporting evidence for included measures is weak. Further work is required to improve the evidence base for those measures designed to assess children’s social–emotional and behavioral development in this age group. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42016039600.
Epidemiology is ecosystem science
Authors: Lee Keekok 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper primarily argues that Epidemiology is Ecosystem Science. It will not only explore this notion in detail but will also relate it to the argument that Classical Chinese Medicine was/is Ecosystem Science. Ecosystem Science (as instantiated by Epidemiology) and Ecosystem Science (as instantiated by Classical Chinese Medicine) share these characteristics: (a) they do not subscribe to the monogenic conception of disease; (b) they involve multi variables; (c) the model of causality presupposed is multi-factorial as well as non-linear.
Does Mindful Parenting Mediate the Association between Maternal Anxiety during Pregnancy and Child Behavioral/Emotional Problems?
Authors: Henrichs Jens , van den Heuvel Marion I. , Witteveen Anke B. , Wilschut Janneke , Van den Bergh Bea R. H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objectives
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is a risk factor for child behavioral/emotional problems. Knowledge about explanatory factors mediating this link is scarce. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy may be an indicator of adverse postnatal environmental conditions, including maternal anxiety and poor parenting, possibly affecting child behavior. This study investigated whether maternal anxiety and mindful parenting in early childhood mediate the association between maternal anxiety during pregnancy and child behavioral/emotional problems.

Methods
This study was based on a sample of 118 mother-child dyads who participated in a cohort study that followed participants from pregnancy until 4 years after birth. At 21 weeks’ gestation and when the child was 4 years old, mothers completed questionnaires to assess state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and general anxiety (Symptom Checklist-90 anxiety subscale). At age 4 years, mothers reported mindful parenting (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale) and child behavioral/emotional problems (Child Behavior Checklist).

Results
Maternal state anxiety during pregnancy was positively associated with child internalizing problems and negatively with mindful parenting. Maternal general anxiety during pregnancy was related with more child internalizing and externalizing problems but not with mindful parenting. The association between maternal state anxiety during pregnancy and child internalizing problems was sequentially mediated via concurrent maternal general anxiety and mindful parenting.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that maternal anxiety during pregnancy continues into early childhood and, because of this, it subsequently affects child internalizing behavior via poor mindful parenting. Replication studies are needed before developing interventions for tackling maternal anxiety during pregnancy and promoting mindful parenting.
Rehabilitative compensatory mechanism of hierarchical subnetworks in major depressive disorder: A longitudinal study across multi-sites
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Qin Jiaolong , Zhu Jinlong , Bi Kun , Zhang Siqi , Yan Rui , Zhao Peng , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:Brain structural connectome comprise of a minority of efficiently interconnected rich club nodes that are regarded as ‘high-order regions’. The remission of major depressive disorder (MDD) in response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment could be investigated by the hierarchical structural connectomes’ alterations of subnetworks.Methods:Fifty-five MDD patients who achieved remission underwent diffusion tensors imaging (DTI) scanning from 3 cohorts before and after 8-weeks antidepressant treatment. Five hierarchical subnetworks namely, rich, local, feeder, rich-feeder and feeder-local, were constructed according to the different combinations of connections and nodes as defined by rich club architecture. The critical treatment-related subnetwork pattern was explored by multivariate pattern analysis with support vector machine to differ the pre-/post-treatment patients. Then, relationships between graph metrics of discriminative subnetworks/ nodes and clinical variables were further explored.Results:The feeder-local subnetwork presented the most discriminative power in differing pre-/post- treatment patients, while the rich-feeder subnetwork had the highest discriminative power when comparing pre-treatment patients and controls. Furthermore, based on the feeder connection, which indicates the information transmission between the core and non-core architectures of brain networks, its topological measures were found to be significantly correlated with the reduction rate of 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.Conclusion:Although pathological lesion on MDD relied on abnormal core organization, disease remission was association with the compensation from non-core organization. These results suggested that the dysfunctions arising from hierarchical subnetworks are compensated by increased information interactions between core brain regions and functionally diverse regions.
Plasma exchange for Alzheimer's disease Management by Albumin Replacement (AMBAR) trial: Study design and progress
Authors: Boada Mercè , López Oscar , Núñez Laura , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Torres Mireia , Grifols Carlota , Páez Antonio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPreliminary studies have shown that treatment with plasma exchange (PE) plus therapeutic albumin replacement in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced mobilization of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β protein, associated with an improvement in memory and language functions, as well as the stabilization of brain perfusion, which persisted after treatment discontinuation.MethodsAlzheimer's Management By Albumin Replacement (AMBAR) is a multicenter, randomized, blinded and placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase IIb/III trial enrolling patients with mild to moderate AD. The study evaluates PE with different replacement volumes of therapeutic albumin (5% and 20% Albutein®, Grifols), with or without intravenous immunoglobulin (Flebogamma® 5% DIF, Grifols). Patients are randomized to one of three active treatment groups or one control (sham PE) group (1:1:1:1). The intervention regime includes a first 6‐week stage of intensive treatment, followed by a second 12‐month stage of maintenance treatment. The change from the baseline to the end of treatment periods in the ADAS‐Cog and ADCS‐ADL scores are the coprimary efficacy variables. Secondary efficacy variables include change from the baseline in scores on cognitive, functional, behavioral, and overall progression tests; changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β and tau protein; and assessment of structural and functional changes in brain areas of interest. Safety and tolerability are assessed.ResultsThe study has enrolled 496 patients from 41 centers (19 in Spain and 22 in the USA); 347 of these patients were randomized and underwent close to 5000 PEs, of which approximately 25% were sham PEs.DiscussionWe present an innovative approach for treating AD. The study has been designed to demonstrate clinical efficacy, defined as slow decline of the patient's cognition and brain function. The sample size has adequate power to detect differences between any of the active treatment groups and the control group, as well as between the three active treatment groups combined and the control group.
The mechanism and boundary conditions of the relationship between customer incivility and service quality
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chen , Lai Fong-Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the causal linkage between customer incivility and service quality through the lens of self-determination theory, according to which need satisfaction as a potential mechanism mediates this relationship. Additionally, it examines the moderating role of surface acting in the relationship between customer incivility and need satisfaction. Dyadic questionnaires were collected from restaurant employees and their customers in Taiwan. A total of 190 employees and 645 customers participated in this study. Results found that need satisfaction mediates the negative relationship between customer incivility and service quality. Surface acting moderates the relationship between customer incivility and need satisfaction as well as the mediation effect of customer incivility on service quality through need satisfaction. Specifically, the indirect effect of need satisfaction on the relation between customer incivility and service quality creativity was more significantly negative at a high level of surface acting than the effect at a low level.
A Neognathodus-based biozonation of the Desmoinesian Series (Pennsylvanian) in the Illinois Basin, USA
Authors: Zimmerman Alexander N. , Brown Lewis M. , Rexroad Carl B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Neognathodus Index (NI) is developed as a primary biostratigraphic indicator for the Desmoinesian Series of the Illinois Basin in Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky. It is based on the gradual evolutionary morphotypic variations of P1 elements of named species of Neognathodus Dunn, 1970. The NI analyses and zonations presented herein are constructed from 472 productive conodont samples from 105 different localities. NIs for the Illinois Basin show morphologic drift in Indiana from the Perth Limestone Member of the Staunton Formation (NI = 2.03) to the Velpen Limestone and Mecca Quarry Shale members of the Linton Formation (NI = 5.04) followed by stability through the Alum Cave (NI = 4.83). Further morphologic drift then occurred through the Providence Limestone Member of the Dugger Formation (NI = 5.43) and continued through the West Franklin Limestone Member of the Shelburn Formation (NI = 6.32) until the extinction of Neognathodus at the end of Desmoinesian. The patterns of drift and stability translate to Neognathodus biozones and are supported by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests of standardized Neognathodus morphotype distributions. Localized NI variations are due to morphologic shifts and differential evolution in response to localized environmental conditions. Examination of the NI differences in the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana reflect similar morphologic simplification of the P1 element from Perth to Velpen and Mecca Quarry in Indiana (NI = 2.03–5.04) and from Seville to Brereton in Illinois and Kentucky (NI = 2.80–5.00). Post-Brereton in Illinois and Kentucky (NI = 5.00–5.65) and post-Providence in Indiana (NI = 5.43–6.32) saw progressive P1 simplification, but it was much more pronounced in Indiana.
Effect of thermal treatment of whey contaminated with antibiotics on the growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Eluk Dafna , Ceruti Roberto , Nagel Orlando , Althaus Rafael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe objective of the studies reported in this research communication was to investigate the use of whey contaminated with antibiotics such as cephalosporins, quinolones and tetracyclines as a nutrient medium for the growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus with particular attention to the effect of thermal treatment used to overcome the inhibitory effects of antibiotic concentrations close to the Maximum Residue Limits. The heat treatments at 120 °C for 40 min, 120 °C for 83 min, and 120 °C for 91 min caused total inactivation of cephalosporins, tetracyclines and quinolone residues in whey respectively.
Enhancing dysphonia clinic consultations through a focus on patients’ expectations: streamlining and validation of a new tool (‘ACaPELa-R’ questionnaire)
Authors: Tikka T , Corson S , Kavanagh K , Lowit A , MacKenzie K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Assessing and Caring for Patients’ Expectations in Laryngology (‘ACaPELa’) questionnaire was developed to guide laryngology clinic consultations. This study aimed to audit its use, revise it depending on outcomes and validate it.MethodsThe questionnaire was completed by all new patients attending a laryngology clinic over one year. The questionnaire was refined and validated in a new cohort of patients over a six-month period.ResultsThirty-seven of 242 patients (15.3 per cent) incorrectly gave the same ranking to more than one question. Questions with similar content were collapsed to cover broader themes, and an outcome question was added, resulting in the five-item Assessing and Caring for Patients’ Expectations in Laryngology – Revised (‘ACaPELa-R’) questionnaire. Using this revised questionnaire, there was a significant reduction in the number of same-ranked questions (4.4vs15.3 per cent;p= 0.003) and high patient satisfaction post-consultation (95.7 per cent).ConclusionThe Assessing and Caring for Patients' Expectations in Laryngology – Revised questionnaire makes patients’ rank ordering of questions easier. It can be used to inform how different topics should be approached during the consultation and utilised for clinician self-audit.
Contact discourse
Authors: Goebel Zane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStarting from the idea that all social life is characterized by contact between those who do not have the same trajectories of socialization, this article draws on insights from work on narrative, normativity, and social value to examine how contact is discursively policed. Building on scholarship on diversity talk and translingualism I propose the conceptcontact discourseto refer to the discursive work that constructs and evaluates those who inhabit contact zones. While both streams of scholarship cover the discursive policing of social life to greater and lesser extents, they cover very different participation and authorization frameworks.Contact discourseand the three associated terms—models of contact,contact commentary, andcontact talk—highlight the importance of participation and authorization frameworks for understanding the policing of social life in contact zones. My empirical focus is on discursive data from television, social media, interviews, and everyday talk. (Contact, discourse, diversity talk, normativization, translingualism, value)*
Forever young? An analysis of the factors influencing perceptions of ageing
Authors: Bordone Valeria , Arpino Bruno , Rosina Alessandro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrawing on the revived literature on the subjective dimension of ageing, this paper investigates whether people aged 65+, usually defined as old, do actually feel old and which events they associate with feeling old. Logistic models are used on unique data from the 2013 survey called ‘I Do Not Want to Be Inactive’, conducted on individuals aged 65–74 in Italy (N = 828). It is found that a large proportion of respondents do not feel old at all. The analyses show that women are more likely than men to feel old and to think that society considers them old. While men feel old mainly when they retire, women associate this feeling with loneliness, loss of independence and death of loved ones. Higher-educated people are less likely to associate feeling old with loneliness and boredom than their lower-educated counterparts. The findings have important implications for the conceptualisation of ageing. Most people who are old according to the standard threshold of 65 do not consider reaching this age as a distinctive marker of old age in their lifecourse. This suggests that absolute thresholds for setting the start of old age are questionable. Feeling old seems to be mainly influenced by events, such as retirement and death of loved ones, hinting to the importance of the social construction of ageing in addition to its biological dimension. Researchers and policy makers are encouraged to give more attention to layperson views on ageing.
Developing Taiwan Studies Teaching Programmes in Europe and the US: The Experience of SOAS University of London and University of Texas at Austin
Authors: Fell Dafydd , Chang Sung-sheng Yvonne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOver the last two decades, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of Taiwan programmes at universities in America and Europe; however, few of these Taiwan programmes have attempted to develop teaching courses. Where Taiwan courses have been introduced, they have tended to be in isolation and not well integrated into existing academic programmes. Among the universities with Taiwan programmes, only two have attempted to create comprehensive teaching programmes through which students can graduate with a degree in Taiwan studies: SOAS University of London and the University of Texas at Austin. The purpose of this paper is to compare the experiences of these two institutions in developing such niche teaching programmes. It begins with a discussion of how these two programmes first emerged and then goes on to review their distinct development trajectories and key features. The paper offers an analysis of how these two programmes were able not only to survive but also to expand their offerings and thrive in an academic environment that should be hostile to such niche programmes. It concludes with a review of the remaining challenges facing these teaching programmes.