bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health‐care delivery: The views of health‐care professionals in Sydney's tertiary paediatric hospitals
Authors: Nyanga Rita , Biviano Lyn , Warren Shirley , Windsor Josie , Zwi Karen , Gunasekera Hasantha 
Published: July 2018

AimTo determine the cultural competency training, knowledge and attitudes of health professionals about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Aboriginal) health‐care delivery.MethodsSurvey of medical (n = 200), nursing (n = 200) and other health professionals (n = 210) working in two tertiary paediatric hospitals in December 2013. The main outcome measures were training in Aboriginal health‐care delivery, knowledge of Aboriginal health and services, attitudes to identification of Aboriginal patients and suggested ways to improve health‐care delivery to Aboriginal patients.ResultsWe received responses from 286 of 572 (50.0%) staff with valid emails: 75 medical, 88 nursing and 123 other health professionals. A minority reported receiving specific Aboriginal health training (126/286, 44.8%) and Aboriginal cultural competency training (106/286, 37.1%). Medical staff were less likely than others to report Aboriginal health‐care training (P = 0.01), cultural competency training (P < 0.001) and that their training equipped them to manage Aboriginal patients (P = 0.04). Few medical staff reported a good/very good knowledge of the services provided by the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (20.0%), the Federal Government Closing the Gap initiative (14.7%) or the Royal Australasian College of Physicians' Reconciliation Action Plan (8.0%). Only 62 of 286 (21.7%) staff agreed that they usually asked patients/parents whether they identified as Aboriginal. Although 256 of 286 (89.5%) agreed that Aboriginal staff were an important resource, only 125 of 286 (43.7%) had referred Aboriginal patients to one.ConclusionThe opportunities we have identified to improve health‐care delivery to Aboriginal patients include: increasing Aboriginal cultural competency training, correct identification of Aboriginal patients, referring Aboriginal patients to Aboriginal health‐care services and increased awareness of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services.
Comparing of allometric models of single‐tree biomass intended for airborne laser sensing and terrestrial taxation of carbon pool in the forests of Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir Andreevich , Shobairi Seyed Omid Reza , Chasovskikh Viktor Petrovich 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the main tree species in North America, Europe, and Japan, a number of thousands of allometric equations for single‐tree biomass estimation using mostly tree height and stem diameter at breast height are designed. An innovative airborne laser method of the forest canopy sensing allows to process online a number of morphological indices of trees, to combine them with the biomass allometric models, and to evaluate the forest carbon pools. The database of 28 wood and shrub species containing 2.4 thousand of definitions is compiled for the first time in the forests of Eurasia, and on its basis the allometric transcontinental models of fractional structure of biomass of two types and dual use are developed. The first of them include as regressors the tree height and crown diameter and are intended for airborne laser location, whereas the latter have a traditional appointment for terrestrial forest biomass taxation using tree height and stem diameter. It is found that the explanatory capacity of the first model in comparison with the second one for foliage, branches, and roots is lower, but this difference is not statistically significant. The same capacity for the stem and aboveground biomass is lower too but this difference is statistically significant. Both models are designed for two different methods of taxation and cannot replace one another.Summary for Managers
We develop an innovative airborne laser method of the forest canopy sensing to evaluate the forest carbon pools.
We show this approach is highly reliable: in the most cases, there is more than 90% of tree biomass variability.
Processing speed of laser location, incommensurable with the terrestrial mensuration, gives the possibility to assess the change of carbon pool of forests on some territory during its periodic overflights.
The proposed information can be useful when implementing activities on climate stabilization, as well as in the validation of the simulation results when evaluating the carbon depositing capacity of forests.
Biologics and stem cell‐based therapies for rotator cuff repair
Authors: Bianco Spencer T. , Moser Helen L. , Galatz Leesa M. , Huang Alice H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rotator cuff is composed of several distinct muscles and tendons that function in concert to coordinate shoulder motion. Injuries to these tendons frequently result in permanent dysfunction and persistent pain. Despite considerable advances in operation techniques, surgical repair alone still does not fully restore rotator cuff function. This review focuses on recent research in the use of biologics and stem cell‐based therapies to augment repair, highlighting promising avenues for future work and remaining challenges. While a number of animal models are used for rotator cuff studies, the anatomy of the rotator cuff varies dramatically between species. Since the rodent rotator cuff shares the most anatomical features with the human, this review will focus primarily on rodent models to enable consistent interpretation of outcome measures.
An overview of offshore wind energy resources in Europe under present and future climate
Authors: deCastro Maite , Costoya Xurxo , Salvador Santiago , Carvalho David , Gómez‐Gesteira Moncho , Sanz‐Larruga Francisco Javier , Gimeno Luis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong‐term sustainable development of European offshore wind energy requires knowledge of the best places for installing offshore wind farms. To achieve this, a good knowledge of wind resources is needed, as well as knowledge of international, European, and national regulations regarding conflict management, marine environment conservation, biodiversity protection, licensing processes, and support regimes. Such a multidisciplinary approach could help to identify areas where wind resources are abundant and where conflicts with other interests are scarce, support measures are greater, and licensing processes are streamlined. An overview of offshore wind power studies at present, and of their future projections for the 21st century, allows for determining the optimal European locations to install or maintain offshore wind farms. Only northern Europe, the northwest portion of the Iberian Peninsula, the Gulf of Lyon, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the northwest coast of Turkey show no change or increase in wind power, revealing these locations as the most suitable for installing and maintaining offshore wind farms in the future. The installation of wind farms is subject to restrictions established under international law, European law, and the domestic legal framework of each EU member state. Europe is moving toward streamlining of licensing procedures, reducing subsidies, and implementing auction systems.
Subtropical cyclones over the oceanic basins: a review
Authors: da Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio , Reboita Michelle Simões , Gozzo Luiz Felippe , Dutra Lívia Márcia Mosso , de Jesus Eduardo Marcos 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubtropical cyclones are hybrid systems presenting a warm core at low levels, as tropical cyclones, and a cold core at upper levels, as extratropical cyclones. Their genesis can be as proper subtropical system or from the transitions (extratropical to subtropical or tropical to subtropical). Subtropical cyclones occur mostly over the sea and generate intense near surface winds with great impacts on human activities and ecosystems. We present a review of the main features, as obtained from observations and numerical simulations, for subtropical cyclone development over the major oceanic basins.
Phenotypic instability of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis: on a path to hypertrophy
Authors: Singh Purva , Marcu Kenneth B. , Goldring Mary B. , Otero Miguel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArticular chondrocytes are quiescent, fully differentiated cells responsible for the homeostasis of adult articular cartilage by maintaining cellular survival functions and the fine‐tuned balance between anabolic and catabolic functions. This balance requires phenotypic stability that is lost in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that affects and involves all joint tissues and especially impacts articular cartilage structural integrity. In OA, articular chondrocytes respond to the accumulation of injurious biochemical and biomechanical insults by shifting toward a degradative and hypertrophy‐like state, involving abnormal matrix production and increased aggrecanase and collagenase activities. Hypertrophy is a necessary, transient developmental stage in growth plate chondrocytes that culminates in bone formation; in OA, however, chondrocyte hypertrophy is catastrophic and it is believed to initiate and perpetuate a cascade of events that ultimately result in permanent cartilage damage. Emphasizing changes in DNA methylation status and alterations in NF‐κB signaling in OA, this review summarizes the data from the literature highlighting the loss of phenotypic stability and the hypertrophic differentiation of OA chondrocytes as central contributing factors to OA pathogenesis.
Targeting tumor necrosis factor receptors in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lata Michal , Hettinghouse Aubryanna S. , Liu Chuan‐ju 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, considerable advances in our understanding of inflammatory and immune pathways have allowed for the growing use of targeted biologic therapy. Most notably, the introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors has dramatically changed the management of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Despite the efficacy of TNF inhibitors documented in multiple clinical trials, anti‐TNF therapy in AS is far from foolproof; it is associated with serious adverse effects and limited response to therapy in some patients. Moreover, specific questions regarding the role of TNF as a mediator of AS remain unanswered. Therefore, additional efforts are needed in order to better understand the role of TNF in the pathogenesis of AS and to develop safer and more effective treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to better the understanding of the physiologic and pathogenic roles of TNF signaling in the course of AS. Relevant TNF biology and novel approaches to TNF blockade in AS are discussed.
A pairwise output coding method for multi-class EEG classification of a self-induced BCI
Authors: Gursel Ozmen Nurhan , Gumusel Levent 
Published: July 2018

In brain computer interface (BCI) research, electroencephalography (EEG) is the most widely used method due to its noninvasiveness, high temporal resolution and portability. Most of the EEG-based BCI studies are aimed at developing methodologies for signal processing, feature extraction and classification. In this study, an experimental EEG study was carried out with six subjects performing imagery mental and motor tasks. We present a multi-class EEG decoding with a novel pairwise output coding method of EEGs to improve the performance of self-induced BCI systems. This method involves an augmented one-versus-one multiclass classification with less time and reduced number of electrodes. Furthermore, a train repetition number is introduced in the training step to optimize the data selection. The difference among right and left hemispheres is also searched. Finally, the difference between experienced and novice subjects is also observed. The experimental results have demonstrated that, the use of proposed classification algorithm produces high classification accuracies (98%) with nine channels. Reduced numbers of channels (four channels) have 100% accuracies for mental tasks and 87% accuracies for motor tasks with Support Vector Machines (SVM). The classification accuracies are quite high though the proposed one-versus-one technique worked well compared to the classical method. The results would be promising for a real-time study.
Mechanisms underlying the role of DISC1 in synaptic plasticity
Authors: Tropea Daniela , Hardingham Neil , Millar Kirsty , Fox Kevin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is an important hub protein, forming multimeric complexes by self‐association and interacting with a large number of synaptic and cytoskeletal molecules. The synaptic location of DISC1 in the adult brain suggests a role in synaptic plasticity, and indeed, a number of studies have discovered synaptic plasticity impairments in a variety of different DISC1 mutants. This review explores the possibility that DISC1 is an important molecule for organizing proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and examines why mutations in DISC1 impair plasticity. It concentrates on DISC1's role in interacting with synaptic proteins, controlling dendritic structure and cellular trafficking of mRNA, synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. N‐terminal directed mutations appear to impair synaptic plasticity through interactions with phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) and hence protein kinase A (PKA)/GluA1 and PKA/cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) signalling pathways, and affect spine structure through interactions with kalirin 7 (Kal‐7) and Rac1. C‐terminal directed mutations also impair plasticity possibly through altered interactions with lissencephaly protein 1 (LIS1) and nuclear distribution protein nudE‐like 1 (NDEL1), thereby affecting developmental processes such as dendritic structure and spine maturation. Many of the same molecules involved in DISC1's cytoskeletal interactions are also involved in intracellular trafficking, raising the possibility that impairments in intracellular trafficking affect cytoskeletal development and vice versa. While the multiplicity of DISC1 protein interactions makes it difficult to pinpoint a single causal signalling pathway, we suggest that the immediate‐term effects of N‐terminal influences on GluA1, Rac1 and CREB, coupled with the developmental effects of C‐terminal influences on trafficking and the cytoskeleton make up the two main branches of DISC1's effect on synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine stability.
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Pre‐ and early postnatal nicotine exposure exacerbates autoresuscitation failure in serotonin‐deficient rat neonates
Authors: Lee Stella Y. , Sirieix Chrystelle M. , Nattie Eugene , Li Aihua 
Published: July 2018

Key points
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the leading causes of death during the first year of life and abnormalities linked to serotonin (5‐HT) have been identified in many SIDS cases.
Cigarette smoking and associated exogenous stressors, e.g. developmental nicotine exposure, may compound these serotonergic defects and any associated defects in cardiorespiratory function.
Using neonatal rodent pups subjected to medullary 5‐HT deficiency and perinatal nicotine exposure, we examined the impact of this interplay of factors on the neonates’ ability to autoresuscitate at specific ages.
In perinatal nicotine‐exposed 5‐HT deficient pups, impaired autoresuscitation along with significantly delayed post‐anoxic recovery of normal breathing and heart rate was observed at postnatal day 10 (P10).
We found that the interaction between 5‐HT deficiency and perinatal nicotine exposure can significantly increase pups’ vulnerability to environmental stressors and exacerbate defects in cardiorespiratory protective reflexes to repetitive anoxia during the development period.
AbstractCigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and nicotine replacements, a key ingredient of cigarettes, have been recently prescribed to women who wish to quit smoking during their pregnancy. Serotonin (5‐HT) abnormalities have been consistently identified in many SIDS cases. Here we investigated the effects of perinatal nicotine exposure in mild 5‐HT deficiency rat neonates on autoresuscitation, a protective cardiorespiratory reflex. The mild 5‐HT deficiency was induced by a maternal tryptophan‐deficient diet, and nicotine was delivered from embryonic day (E) 4 to postnatal day (P) 10 at 6 mg kg−1 day−1 through an osmotic pump. In P10 rats, nicotine exposure exacerbates autoresuscitation failure (mortality) in mildly 5‐HT‐deficient rats to a greater extent than in controls (P = 0.029). The recovery of eupnoea and heart rate to baseline values following repetitive anoxic events (which elicit an apnoea accompanied by a bradycardia) is significantly delayed in 5‐HT‐deficient rats treated with nicotine, making them more susceptible to failure of autoresuscitation (eupnoea recovery: P = 0.0053; heart rate recovery: P = < 0.0001). Neither 5‐HT deficiency nor nicotine exposure alone appears to affect the ability to autoresuscitate significantly when compared among the four treatments. The increased vulnerability to environmental stressors, e.g. severe hypoxia, asphyxia, or anoxia, in these nicotine‐exposed 5‐HT‐deficient neonates during postnatal developmental period is evident.
185: KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION (KT) AND EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE (EBM): A PRACTICAL CONFLICT
Authors: Azimi Ali , Sanatjoo Azam , Dayani Mohammad Hossein , Fattahi Rahmatollah , Nowkarizi Mohsen 
Published: July 2018

Background and aims:Knowledge translation (KT) tries to bridge the gap between knowledge production and consumption by targeting the knowledge users and shortening the period of conveying research results to practice. Evidence based medicine (EBM) is the righteous use of accumulated evidence to guide clinical decisions. Therefore, while KT tools are designed to expedite consumption of newly carried-out research, conscientious use of conducted research is hinted at EBM studies. Thus, the primary goal of this study is re-examining KT and EBM foundations to make a clear understanding of how these two apparently conflicting areas in medicine can join forces to improve health practice.Methods:This is a historical research which uses KT and EBM related studies and documents to find about foundations and strategies taken in KT and EBM. Thus, a comprehensive review of related literature was conducted and all possible approaches identified. Also a 3 round Delphi method was conducted and results were discussed categorically.Results:Very similar to the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, there is a pyramid of research types based on studies' contribution to accumulation of evidence so that systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies are on top and basic research studies at the bottom. Therefore, moving from bottom to top to reach to a reasonable body of evidence is very time consuming and this fact contradicts with KT purposes. However, we found some solutions to overcome to this paradoxical problem, some of them including: online publishing with short intervals between issues (weekly, semiweekly or monthly) or optimally online continuous updated publishing, and more attention to systematic reviews and meta-analysis so that they could be performed for shorter periods of time (e.g. annual or semi-annual).Conclusion:A successful health system would be reachable through considering both KT and EBM criteria. While KT mainly focuses on the developing best knowledge targeting the right audience in a short possible time, EBM focuses on the quality of knowledge directed to clinical decisions.
Sport and dance interventions for healthy young people (15–24 years) to promote subjective well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Mansfield Louise , Kay Tess , Meads Catherine , Grigsby-Duffy Lily , Lane Jack , John Alistair , Daykin Norma , Dolan Paul , Testoni Stefano , Julier Guy , Payne Annette , Tomlinson Alan , Victor Christina 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo review and assess effectiveness of sport and dance participation on subjective well-being outcomes among healthy young people aged 15–24 years.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched for studies published in any language between January 2006 and September 2016 on PsychINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Eric, Web of Science (Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Social Science and Science Citation Index), Scopus, PILOTS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and International Index to Performing Arts. Additionally, we searched for unpublished (grey) literature via an online call for evidence, expert contribution, searches of key organisation websites and the British Library EThOS database, and a keyword Google search. Published studies of sport or dance interventions for healthy young people aged 15–24 years where subjective well-being was measured were included. Studies were excluded if participants were paid professionals or elite athletes, or if the intervention was clinical sport/dance therapy. Two researchers extracted data and assessed strength and quality of evidence using criteria in the What Works Centre for Wellbeing methods guide and GRADE, and using standardised reporting forms. Due to clinical heterogeneity between studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Grey literature in the form of final evaluation reports on empirical data relating to sport or dance interventions were included.ResultsEleven out of 6587 articles were included (7 randomised controlled trials and 1 cohort study, and 3 unpublished grey evaluation reports). Published literature suggests meditative physical activity (yoga and Baduanjin Qigong) and group-based or peer-supported sport and dance has some potential to improve subjective well-being. Grey literature suggests sport and dance improve subjective well-being but identify negative feelings of competency and capability. The amount and quality of published evidence on sport and dance interventions to enhance subjective well-being is low.ConclusionsMeditative activities, group and peer-supported sport and dance may promote subjective well-being enhancement in youth. Evidence is limited. Better designed studies are needed.Trial registration numberCRD42016048745; Results.
Exploring Cooperatives, Cooperation, and the Nature of Work in a Belizean Village
Authors: Gordon Andrew John 
Published: July 2018

This article examines how cultural models in the national political culture played out in a Belizean village whose culture was rooted in a quite different cultural model and characterized by ideals of self-reliance and individualism rooted in Yucatecan Maya culture. This is a study of eight worker cooperatives, of cooperation, and of individual work over a 34-year period, from 1979 to 2012 in the village of Bullet Tree Falls. This village is an historically agricultural village populated with Maya refugees from Mexico and Guatemala. I observed three distinct national political cultures, each seeking to promote local worker cooperatives. But generally, the national political culture did little to support the worker cooperatives. Only in the last phase of influence do we see what was necessary to make a worker cooperative organization somewhat functional. The paper concludes with observation of two enterprises where workers successfully participated, but not according to the formula for the cooperative. Here personnel could work independently but cooperated only when it proved useful. Recognition of positive features of the workplace environment suggests that investigating local cultural experience is an important and practicable effort, far more so than simply assuming the national political culture is viable on the local level.