bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketorolac usage in tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty patients
Authors: McClain Kathleen , Williams Amy M. , Yaremchuk Kathleen 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivePostoperative pain for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) can be severe. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that can be administered for analgesia in these patients. In the literature, ketorolac has been associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Many other surgical fields have successfully utilized this medicine for postoperative pain control without increased incidence of hemorrhage. The goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of ketorolac after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy or UPPP in adults on postoperative hemorrhage rates.MethodsAdult patients older than 18 years of age who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and UPPP between 2013 and 2018 were assessed to determine hemorrhage rates. Hemorrhage rates were assessed based on patients presenting to the emergency department with complaint of hemorrhage.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups in the postoperative hemorrhage rates (P = .331) or the method of hemorrhage control.ConclusionKetorolac did not increase postoperative hemorrhage rates in patients posttonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy or UPPP.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:876–879, 2020
Factors affecting completion of sleep studies in pediatric patients with sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Kohn Jocelyn L. , Rubin Samuel J. , Patel Jay , Dia Reem , Levi Jessica R. , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine demographic factors associated with failure to complete ordered polysomnograms (PSGs) in pediatric patients with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThis study was conducted at an urban safety‐net hospital and included 829 patients with SDB, ages 0 to 18 years, for whom PSGs were ordered during a 1‐year time period. Factors including age, race, language, and insurance status were reported for each patient. The data were reviewed by univariate and multivariate analyses to determine factors associated with failure to complete the PSGs.ResultsOf 829 patients, 200 (24%) failed to complete the PSGs. By univariate analysis, age was the only significant factor affecting completion (P < .01), with toddlers having the highest rate of completion (81%) and teenagers the lowest (68%). Primary language and insurance type were not significantly associated with completion rate. Hispanics were more likely than non‐Hispanic whites to complete the PSGs (81% vs. 70%), but this did not achieve statistical significance. By multivariate analysis, the teenage group remained significantly less likely to complete sleep study than toddlers (P = .04). There was again no statistically significant difference for race by multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAmong pediatric patients with SDB, age is a significant factor affecting completion of PSGs. Racial minorities and non–English‐speaking patients were not less likely to complete PSGs. Other demographic factors do not appear to be associated with completion of PSGs.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E258–E262, 2020
Overwinter survival of crustacean diapausing cysts: Brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) in Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Belovsky Gary E. , Perschon Clay , Larson Chad , Mellison Chad , Slade Jennifer , Mahon Heidi , Appiah‐Madson Hannah , Luft John , Mosley Ryan , Neill John , Stone Kyle , Kijowski Ashley , Van Leeuwen James 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurvivability of diapausing (cryptobiotic) life stages over time in nature, beyond maximum observed time for viability, is not well understood. Because these life stages are an adaptation to overcome harsh conditions, survivability over time is assumed to be high. Brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) diapausing eggs (cysts) permit overwinter survival to initiate the population each spring. An experiment was designed to examine overwinter survival of brine shrimp cysts for 17 yr in Great Salt Lake (Utah, U.S.A.). Initial hatchability entering the winter (17.8–78.8%) and overwinter survivability (9.9–65.9%) of cysts varied dramatically among years. Better maternal nutrition increased initial hatchability. Overwinter survival of cysts decreased in part because some cysts hatch when it is too cold for the hatchlings to feed (0.8–39.4% among years), so they starve. However, overwinter cyst survival decreases the most with warmer waters in winter, and with better maternal nutrition, as both factors lead to diapause being easier to break. Annual variation in initial hatchability and survival is shown to be important to Great Salt Lake brine shrimp populations. Therefore, cryptobiotic life‐stage ecology needs to be better understood, as these life stages may have highly variable hatchability and survivability with normal environmental stresses.
Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on asymmetrical Fabry‐Perot interferometer
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Hong , Yan Guang , Meng Fanyong , Zhu Lianqing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe propose an asymmetrical Fabry‐Perot interferometer (AFPI) based on fiber Bragg gating (FBG) with low reflectivity and a segment of single‐mode fiber (SMF). The AFPI occurs in the narrow bandwidth of FBG. The theoretical analysis of measurement for refractive index (RI) and temperature is explained in detail, and experimental results are consistent with the theory. As the temperature and RI of environment change, the peak wavelength and the extinction ratio of the interferometer show different trends, and the measurement of RI and temperature simultaneously can be achieved. The fiber sensor has the RI sensitivity of 33.55 dB/RIU in the range from 1.333 to 1.413 and temperature sensitivity is 9 pm/°C in the range from 10°C to 70°C.
Influence of guided waves in bone on pulse‐inversion contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Wang Diya , Zhang Xinyu , Sang Yuchao , Qu Zhen , Su Qiang , Zhao Jing , Wan Mingxi 
Published: May 2019

PurposeGuided waves generated from bone cortex inevitably act on microbubbles flowing through skeletal muscle capillaries in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and might influence the image quality. However, the action mechanism underlying the guided waves influence is still unknown, especially under contrast pulse‐inversion transmission mode. This study aimed to clarify the influence of guided waves on pulse‐inversion CEUS, which was investigated via in vitro infusion experiments.MethodTibia guided waves were detected at pulse‐inversion transmission and then characterized by using a short‐time Fourier transform energy distribution. Using results at normal incidence as a baseline, the influence of guided wave dispersion on the contrast and resolution of pulse‐inversion CEUS was investigated at an oblique incidence through continuous microbubbles infusion experiments in a vessel–tibia flow phantom.ResultsFrequency‐dispersive property of tibia guided waves was observed at phases 0° and 180°, which improved the contrast of CEUS and reduced its resolution. Pulse‐inversion CEUS balanced the contrast enhancement and resolution degeneration induced by guided waves. By contrast, contrast‐to‐tissue ratio of pulse‐inversion CEUS increased by up to 109.1 ± 13.2% (P < 0.05) due to guided waves and its resolution was up to 0.9 ± 0.1 times that of baseline.ConclusionsAlterations of contrast and resolution in pulse‐inversion CEUS induced by guided waves might provide an additional assessment for the capillary perfusion in the skeletal muscle near the bone cortex.
Direct Economic Impact of Fish Diseases on the East Mississippi Catfish Industry
Authors: Peterman Mark A , Posadas Benedict C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this effort were to identify basic descriptors of the east Mississippi (MS) catfish industry, identify prevalent diseases affecting this region, and determine the direct economic impacts of these diseases representing the 2016 production season. Data from east MS catfish operations were collected over a 3-month period during the late spring through early summer of 2017. A 95% confidence interval (CI) with finite correction was used to make inferences on the population. The number of operations (115) and number of hectares used for catfish production (4,900 ha) were identified by personal communications and confirmed by satellite imagery. Producers were surveyed a second time by e-mail (29.6% response) to identify basic industry descriptors, the most predominant catfish diseases of east MS, and their respective direct economic impact. The top-three diseases, as reported by producers, were virulent Aeromonas hydrophila, the “other” disease category, and Flavobacterium columnare. Producers were surveyed a third time by e-mail (34% response) to identify the mean (±95% CI) of regional catfish production (8,070 ± 783 kg/ha). Foregone sales loss attributed to catfish disease was reported as the sum of fish loss ($10 million) and production loss ($4.3 million). Foregone income loss resulted from the increased expenditures associated with catfish disease and included medicated feed ($1.9 million), chemical applications ($0.6 million), and miscellaneous ($0.1 million). The total direct economic impact of catfish diseases for the 2016 east MS production season was reported as the sum of foregone sales and foregone income and totaled $16.9 million.
Loss of Rab25 promotes the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma through the dysregulation of integrin trafficking
Authors: Jeong Haengdueng , Lim Kyung‐Min , Kim Kwang H , Cho Yejin , Lee Buhyun , Knowles Byron C , Roland Joseph T , Zwerner Jeffrey P , Goldenring James R , Nam Ki Taek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRab25 can function as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter across different tissues. This study sought to clarify the role of Rab25 as a tumor suppressor in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Rab25 loss was closely associated with neoplastic transition in both humans and mice. Rab25 loss was well correlated with increased cell proliferation and poor differentiation in human SCC. While Rab25 knockout (KO) in mice did not induce spontaneous tumor formation, it did significantly accelerate tumor generation and promote malignant transformation in a mouse two‐stage skin carcinogenesis model. Xenografting of a Rab25‐deficient human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, also elicited neoplastic transformation. Notably, Rab25 deficiency led to dysregulation of integrins β1, β4, and α6, which matched well with increased epidermal proliferation and impaired desmosome–tight junction formation. Rab25 deficiency induced impairment of integrin recycling, leading to the improper expression of integrins. In line with this, significant attenuation of integrin β1, β4, and α6 expression was identified in human SCCs where Rab25 was deficient. Collectively, these results suggest that loss of Rab25 promotes the development and neoplastic transition of SCC through dysregulation of integrin trafficking. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of liquid crystalline polymer networks containing a cinnamyl group in the main chain with tunable thermal actuation behavior
Authors: Li Hang , Yang Rong , Peng Yating , Cao Hongwei , Li Jinchun 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA series of liquid crystalline copolyesters (LCPs) with different concentrations of a photocrosslinking moiety have been synthesized by random polycondensation with 4,4′‐bis(6‐hydroxyhexyloxy)biphenyl, 2‐phenylsuccinic acid, and 4‐(6‐hydroxyhexyloxy)cinnamic acid (6HCA). Multifunctional monodomain liquid crystal networks (LCNs) with considerable and tunable actuation behavior are obtained by postphotocrosslinking. The influence of the photocrosslinking moiety on the phase transition behavior of the LCP and actuation behavior of the LCN has been investigated. The results suggest that incorporating 6HCA suppresses the smectic phase of the LCP and decreases the nematic‐isotropic phase transition temperature. Moreover, the starting actuation temperature of the LCN decreases from 55 to 40 °C as the 6HCA reached 50%. In addition, the actuation force and storage modulus of the LCN actuators are enhanced by incorporating a high concentration of 6HCA. A 1.64 MPa contractile force can be achieved, and it can lift burdens 1300 times heavier than its weight when 50% 6HCA is incorporated into the LCP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 904–911
Adolescents and young adults with cancer: How multidisciplinary health care teams adapt their practices to better meet their specific needs
Authors: Ricadat Élise , Schwering Karl‐Leo , Fradkin Sophie , Boissel Nicolas , Aujoulat Isabelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveDedicated adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer units have emerged from the early 1990s to address multiple challenges faced by AYA patients with cancer. Specific needs of AYA patients have been considered in an increasing number of studies. However, few describe how the health care professionals (HCPs) perceive their patients' needs and how they actually adjust their day‐to‐day practices to meet such needs. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the practical methods of care and teamwork implemented by HCPs in response to what they perceive as essential to support psychosocial development of AYA patients.MethodsQualitative research was conducted between 2012 and 2014 with 31 HCPs from a recently created haematology AYA unit in France. The transcripts of open‐ended interviews were subject to inductive analysis using constant comparison as recommended by the grounded theory methods.ResultsOur results show how HCPs adapt their practices and care relationships to support three major developmental milestones related to identity construction in AYAs: self‐determination and individuation from parents, gender and sexual identity, and social life and connectedness to peers and adults (other than parents). Our results also show how HCPs adapt their practices and organisational methods to enhance the flexibility required to address their young patients, thus setting consistent and high standards for the whole team. Such adaptation is made possible through collaborative work and collective processes that facilitate self‐reflection.ConclusionsOur findings shed light on some meaningful young patient‐friendly practices of care and advocate for AYA‐dedicated units.
Lessons in diagnostic virology: expected and unexpected sources of error
Authors: van Zyl Gert , Maritz Jean , Newman Howard , Preiser Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

SummaryViral diagnostics have shown continued innovation, with serological and molecular diagnostic assays pushing the limits of sensitivity. Technology has provided new automated shared diagnostic platforms that reduce hands‐on time, while with globalisation of the diagnostic market, commercial assays are applied across epidemiologically diverse settings on different patient and viral populations. However, with these novel developments, new and often unexpected sources of diagnostic error emerge. In this review we will reflect on case studies that highlight these often underappreciated or unexpected diagnostic errors spanning pre‐analytical, analytical, and post‐analytic processes. We will also suggest approaches that could help identify error and reduce the impact on patient management.
Concise Review: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Postnatal Injury-Induced Enteric Neurogenesis
Authors: Jonscher Raleigh , Belkind-Gerson Jaime 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Although still controversial, there is increasing agreement that postnatal neurogenesis occurs in the enteric nervous system (ENS) in response to injury. Following acute colitis, there is significant cell death of enteric neurons and evidence suggests that subsequent neural regeneration follows. An enteric neural stem/progenitor cell population with neurogenic potential has been identified in culture; in vivo, compensatory neurogenesis is driven by enteric glia and may also include de-differentiated Schwann cells. Recent evidence suggests that changes in the enteric microenvironment due to injury-associated increases in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [HT]), products from the gut microbiome, and possibly endocannabinoids may lead to the transdifferentiation of mature enteric glia and may reprogram recruited Schwann cells. Targeting neurogenic pathways presents a promising avenue toward the development of new and innovative treatments for acquired damage to the ENS. In this review, we discuss potential sources of newly generated adult enteric neurons, the involvement of GDNF, 5-HT, endocannabinoids, and lipopolysaccharide, as well as therapeutic applications of this evolving work. Stem Cells 2019;37:1136–1143
New light on the mycological work of Lewis David von Schweinitz
Authors: Karakehian Jason M. , Burk William R. , Pfister Donald H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 1993, the Farlow Reference Library of Cryptogamic Botany at Harvard University received a gift of a slim volume, entitledIcones fungorum Niskiensium. Vibrant water colour illustrations of fungi covered the pages bound within it. It was attributed to Lewis David von Schweinitz, the American born “father” of North American mycology. Schweinitz coauthored his first mycological publication with Johannes Baptista von Albertini in Germany, 1805:Conspectus fungorum in Lusatiae superioris agro Nieskiensi crescentium(An overview of fungi growing in the area of Niesky in Upper Lusatia), now considered a classic mycological text. Schweinitz, a prolific and skillful mycological illustrator, prepared the plates of illustrations appended to theConspectusand produced many unpublished water colours of the fungi treated therein. The results of our research into the provenance of theIcones fungorum Niskiensiumare presented here. Building upon recent scholarship, we provide analysis of its role in the early development of theConspectus. An index to the figures, cross-referenced to Schweinitz’s other unpublished volumes of water colours and to theConspectus, is also provided. To make theIcones fungorum Niskiensiumpublically available, the volume has been digitized and may be accessed through the Biodiversity Hertitage Library (BHL) portal.
Synopsis of proposals on fungal nomenclature: a review of the proposals concerning Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants submitted to the XI International Mycological Congress, 2018
Authors: May Tom W. , Redhead Scott A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA commentary is provided on the seven formally published proposals to modify the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) that will be dealt with by the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the 11th International Mycological Congress (IMC11) in July 2018. The proposals deal with four issues: (1) clarification of the meaning of “original material” in relation to the typification of sanctioned names; (2) indication of the nomenclatural status of sanctioned names in author citations; (3) use of DNA sequences as nomenclatural types; and (4) use of repository identifiers as an alternative to author citations. Information is also provided on the composition and role of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau and the operation of the FNS and the pre-Congress Guiding vote.
Laparoscopic and open surgery in rectal cancer patients in Germany: short and long-term results of a large 10-year population-based cohort
Authors: Schnitzbauer Valentin , Gerken Michael , Benz Stefan , Völkel Vinzenz , Draeger Teresa , Fürst Alois , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Rectal cancer is frequent in Germany and worldwide. Several studies have assessed laparoscopic surgery as a treatment option and most have shown favorable results. However, long-term oncologic safety remains a controversial issue.

Methods
The current dataset derives from 30 clinical cancer registries in Germany and includes 16,378 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between 2007 and 2016. Outcomes were 90-day mortality, overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (RFS) and relative survival of patients treated with either open or laparoscopic surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors that affected the probability of a patient undergoing laparoscopic surgery as well as to evaluate short-term mortality. OS and RFS were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression conducted separately for UICC stages I–III, tumor location, and sex as well as by propensity score matching followed by univariable and multivariable survival analysis.

Results
Of 16,378 patients, 4540 (27.7%) underwent laparoscopic surgery, a trend which increased during the observation period. Patients undergoing laparoscopy attained better results for 90-day mortality (odds ratio, OR 0.658, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.526–0.822). The 5-year OS rate in the laparoscopic group was 82.6%, vs. 76.6% in the open surgery group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.819 in multivariable Cox regression (95% CI 0.747–0.899, p < 0.001). The laparoscopic group showed a better 5-year RFS, with 81.8 vs. 74.3% and HR 0.770 (95% CI 0.705–0.842, p < 0.001). The 5-year relative survival rates were also in favor of laparoscopy, with 93.1 vs. 88.4% (p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer can be performed safely and, according to this study, is associated with an oncological outcome superior to that of the open procedure. Therefore, in the absence of individual contraindications, it should be considered as a standard approach.
Patient-Related Risk Factors for Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear after ACL Reconstruction: An Analysis of 3707 Primary ACL Reconstructions
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Browning Robert , Werner Brian C. 
Published: May 2019

Background Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can increase risk for both ipsilateral graft rupture and contralateral ACL rupture. The risk for injury of the contralateral knee after ACL reconstruction could be nearly double that of ipsilateral graft rupture. Questions/Purposes We sought to identify independent, patient-related risk factors for contralateral ACL rupture following primary ACL reconstruction. Methods A national database was queried for patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction from 2007 to 2015 with a minimum of 2 years of post-operative follow-up ( n = 12,044). Patients who underwent subsequent primary ACL reconstruction on the contralateral extremity were then identified. A multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate patient-related risk factors for contralateral ACL rupture, including demographic and comorbidity variables. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each risk factor. Results Of the 3707 patients who had a minimum of 2 years of database activity and comprised the study group, 204 (5.5%) experienced a contralateral ACL rupture requiring reconstruction. Independent risk factors for contralateral ACL rupture included age less than 20 years, female gender, tobacco use, and depression. Obesity, morbid obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and a history of anxiety were not significant predictors of contralateral injury. Conclusion We were able to adequately power an analysis to identify several significant patient-related risk factors for contralateral ACL rupture after primary ACL reconstruction, including younger age, female gender, tobacco use, and depression. This information can be used to counsel patients on the risk of injury to the contralateral knee.