bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brick Walls and Broken Hearts: Physicians Draw how they Feel About Treating Pain and Addiction
Authors: Villarroel Lisa R. , Mardian Aram S. , Townsend Cynthia O. , Brown Steven R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs part of a continuing medical education activity, primary care physicians in Arizona were asked to draw how they feel about treating patients with chronic pain and addiction. Their drawings, complete with cliffs, walls, torn-out hair, and connected hearts, make for a harrowing look at burnout, angst, and empathy among physicians who treat this subset of patients. Public health and exercise facilitators were troubled, leading them to publish this essay along with a selection of the drawings that depict the feelings of the physicians who feel ill-prepared to treat this patient population, which is only growing in number and needs.
Relaxation Dynamics of (6,5) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Under Xylyl Functionalization
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Shih Wen-Kai , Konno Yui , Zhao Pei , Maeda Yutaka , Ehara Masahiro , Kobayashi Takayoshi , Yabushita Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFunctionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been reported to tune the photoluminescence (PL) properties of SWNTs. In bioimaging applications, a PL signal excited by near-infrared (NIR) light is preferred because of the high transparency of biological tissues. Although it is missing in dispersed SWNT, chemical functionalization of SWNT using $$\alpha ,\alpha^ {\prime}$$

α
,

α
′

-dibromo-o-xylene (SWNT-xylyl) has been reported to have a new PL peak at 1231 nm, with intense emission upon NIR excitation. In this work, an ultrashort laser pulse was used to investigate the electronic and vibrational dynamics for two samples of SWNT and SWNT-xylyl. Global fitting analysis of the transient absorption spectroscopy data showed that electronic decay dynamics were comparable between the two samples. The transient absorption spectroscopy data measured with the ultrashort laser pulse whose duration is much shorter than the molecular vibration period enabled us to observe the vibration-induced modulation signal in the time domain. A difference between the two samples was found for the dynamics of the G-mode: alkylation by o-xylyl caused a frequency downshift that was not observed in the dispersed SWNTs. It is believed that the G-mode in SWNT-xylyl is initially localized on SWNT, followed by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution with a time constant of $$239\pm 29$$

239
±
29

fs.
Fast and Nondestructive Mechanical Characterization of Thermally Sprayed and Laser Cladded Coatings: Automated Surface Acoustic Wave Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Quality Control and Research
Authors: Zawischa Martin , Makowski Stefan , Toma Filofteia-Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLaser-induced surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (LISAWS) allows quick and nondestructive evaluation of the elastic properties such as the Young’s modulus of coatings, surfaces and surface-near bulk materials. Furthermore, the mechanical weakening due to cracks and pores can be evaluated, as they influence the propagation of surface waves as well. This makes the method a fast, accurate and versatile tool for surface characterization, and it is increasingly used in research and development, and quality control. The short measurement time of the LISAWS method allows the time-efficient distribution of the effective Young's modulus over the coated surface to be determined. For this purpose, an industrial LAwave measurement system was automated to allow for processing of a larger number of samples and fast mappings. The investigated coating materials were thermally sprayed Al2O3 insulation coatings and WC-reinforced 316L steel coatings on brake disks produced by laser cladding, respectively. For the Al2O3 coatings, the correlation between the Young's modulus and its areal distribution is shown for different process parameters, such as spray gun movement direction or spray distance, and compared with results from pull-off tests. For the WC/316L-coated brake disks, the distribution of the wave velocity over the coated surfaces or the two coated sides of different disks with varying coating qualities is used to assess the coating quality and homogeneity.
Quality of life in long-term breast cancer survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa: the African Breast Cancer–Disparities in Outcomes study
Authors: Boucheron Pauline , McCormack Valerie , Naamala Allen , Oyamienlen Chris Sule , Pontac Johanna , Kaggwa Agnes , Nakazibwe Teopista , Nteziryayo Ann , Ezeigbo Esther , Iwuoha Kingsley , Elishi Selma , Galukande Moses , Anele Angelica , Zietsman Annelle , Foerster Milena , Schüz Joachim , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), breast cancer survivors’ (BCS) quality of life (QoL) remains understudied. We compared QoL in BCS to cancer-free (CF) women across SSA settings with different levels of development, healthcare systems, ethnic compositions, and HIV prevalence.

Methods
In 2022–2023, all 5 + year BCS from the African Breast Cancer–Disparities in Outcomes study and age-matched CF women from the community setting answered the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda. For each WHOQOL-BREF domain and general item, we estimated BCS-CF adjusted mean differences (AMD) in scores in absolute percentage points (p.p.).

Results
Overall, 862 women (BCS 357 vs. CF 505) (mean age ± SD, 57.5 ± 12.5 vs. 55.1 ± 11.2; tertiary education, 30% vs. 20%) were included. BCS reported higher/better overall QoL (AMD (95% CI) 10.65 p.p. (7.56, 13.74), i.e., ~ 40% of a change in QoL category), general health (5.84 (2.71, 8.98)), psychological (3.46 (1.43, 5.49)), social relationships (3.94 (1.25, 6.63)), and environment scores (4.27 (1.88, 6.67)) than CF women. There was no BCS-CF difference for physical health in all settings (1.52 (− 0.82, 3.87)), psychological health in Namibian Black women (0.58 (− 2.90, 4.06)), and social relationships in Nigeria (− 0.33 (− 5.81, 5.14)). BCS reported both lower energy and sexual life satisfaction than CF women.

Conclusions
In SSA, long-term BCS have slightly better QoL than CF women except for physical health. Areas for which BCS scored lower or similar than CF women may indicate BCS’ QoL issues.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
BCS-only studies using cancer-specific QoL questionnaires are needed to better characterize BCS’ QoL in SSA.
Site-specific weathering of coatings: I. Accelerated protocol for temperate climate in Central Europe and numerical simulations
Authors: Wanner Matthias , Oehler Harald , Neumann Alexander , Lellinger Dirk , Alig Ingo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInspired by an improved accelerated weathering protocol to anticipate Florida exposure behavior of coatings, designated as new protocol (NP),1 which is implemented in the ASTM D7869-13 standard, a weathering protocol is proposed to replicate the exposure in the temperate climate in Stuttgart (Germany). This protocol, designated as ZykStuttgart, has been developed by adapting the steps proposed by the NP to the climate in Stuttgart. Therefore, weather data from Homestead (Florida/USA) and Stuttgart has been analyzed and compared. Numerical simulations of water uptake and hygro-thermal stresses for model coatings were performed for varying cycle designs and using time-resolved outdoor weather data to support protocol development.
In vitro and in silico study on glucosylation of caprylyl glycol
Authors: Zakaria Morshed Md , Upadhyaya Siddha Raj , Parajuli Niranjan , Thapa Samir Bahadur , Amoah Obed Jackson , Sohng Jae Kyung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCaprylyl glycol is commonly used in the cosmetic industry due to its good antimicrobial and skin-dehydrating properties. It has numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industry in drug formulations. However, its utility is diminished due to its insoluble nature which restricts its applicability in various cosmetic formulations and industrial products. This study introduces a cost-effective method for glycosylating caprylyl glycol by using sucrose as an inexpensive alternative to uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) catalyzed by Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase (DgAS). This system offers numerous advantages including swiftness, directness of product formation from the substrate, efficacy, thermal stability, and regiostability in vitro at 40 °C. This study demonstrated an impressive conversion of approximately 95% in vitro and produced a novel caprylyl glycol 2-O-glucoside, which HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry characterized. Molecular docking of DgAS with caprylyl glycol and its glycoside supported the proposed mechanism for enzymatic synthesis of caprylyl glycol 2-O-glucoside in vitro. Furthermore, density functional theory-based analysis also precluded the acidic nature of the secondary hydroxyl group (susceptible nucleophilic center) of caprylyl glycol where glucosylation was confirmed. The outcomes of this work will be beneficial for synthesizing similar glycosides for industrial applications.
Influencer marketing on Instagram—The optimal disclosure strategy from influencers’ and marketers’ perspectives
Authors: Saternus Zofia , Mihale-Wilson Cristina , Hinz Oliver 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article explores the impact of different advertising disclosure strategies (i.e., explicit sponsorship disclosure, concealing disclosure, impartiality disclosure, and no disclosure) in influencer marketing on influencer-related outcomes (user engagement, user sentiment, and influencer credibility) and marketer-related outcomes (user attitude towards the brand and users’ intention to purchase). We conducted two field experiments and an online survey with an experimental design in collaboration with an active micro-influencer on Instagram. The results of the studies indicate that from a marketers’ perspective, it is best when influencers promote products as genuine recommendations and use impartiality disclosure. From an influencer’s perspective, the optimal disclosure strategy depends on whether the influencer seeks to improve engagement with their content or their levels of credibility. When influencers’ primary focus is to increase engagement, if they provide information on sponsorship or non-sponsorship, they do not have to worry about decreasing engagement rates due to the employed disclosure strategy. Suppose influencers’ goal is to increase their credibility. In that case, it depends on their content (whether it is rich in genuine recommendations or sponsored content) and the group they want to target—i.e., if they seek to target followers versus non-followers.
Optimizing crowd evacuation: evaluation of strategies for safety and efficiency
Authors: Oliveira Hugo S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPredicting and controlling crowd dynamics in emergencies is one of the main objectives of simulated emergency exercises. However, during emergency exercises, there is often a lack of sense of danger by the actors involved and concerns about exposing real people to potentially dangerous environments. These problems impose limitations in running an emergency drill, harming the collection of valuable information for posterior analysis and decision-making. This work aims to mitigate these problems by using Agent Based Modelling (ABM) simulator to deepen the comprehension of human actions when exposed to a sudden variation in extensive crowded environmental conditions and how evacuation strategies affect evacuation performance. To assess the impact of the evacuation strategy employed, we propose a modified informed leader-flowing approach and compare it with common evacuation strategies in a simulated environment, replicating stadium benches with narrow corridors leading to different exit points. The objective is to determine the impact of each set of configurations and evacuation strategies and compare them against other established ones. Our experiments determined that agents following the crowd generally lead to a higher number of victims due to the rise of herding phenomena near the exits, which was significantly reduced when agents were guided towards the exit via knowing the exit beforehand or following leader agent with real-time information regarding exit location and exit current state, proving that relevant and controlled information in combination with Follow Leader strategies can be crucial in an emergency evacuation scenario with limited evacuation exit capabi and distribution.
Blinder Fleck Beckenboden – wenn die Blase in die Jahre kommt
Authors: Müller Katharina , Najjari Laila 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungBeim urogenitalen Menopausensyndrom („genitourinary syndrome of menopause“ [GSM]) handelt es sich um ein häufiges Problem, welches die Lebensqualität der postmenopausalen Frauen deutlich verschlechtert. Es ist entscheidend, dass man das kleine Becken dabei als Ganzheit sieht, um die mit dem Syndrom einhergehenden Symptome effektiv und multimodal behandeln zu können. Jeder Arzt sollte Frauen rechtzeitig über das Syndrom aufklären und frühzeitig mit einer Behandlung anfangen. Bei allen Formen des GSM ist die erste Therapie der Wahl die lokale Östrogenisierung (2 ×/Woche). Wichtig ist zu beachten, dass eine systemische Anwendung zu einer Beschwerdezunahme führen kann. Weitere konservative Therapieoptionen sind Beckenbodentraining mit Biofeedback und die Anwendung von Pessaren. Bei der Pulsationszystozele besteht ein zentraler Fasziendefekt, der durch eine vordere Kolporrhaphie behoben werden kann. Tension-free-vaginal-tape(TVT)-Einlagen, ob transobturatorisch oder retrosymphysär, sind der Goldstandard bei den Inkontinenzoperationen und zeigen hohe Kontinenzraten. Bei der überaktiven Blase (OAB) gilt eine Stufentherapie. Wenn die verschiedenen medikamentösen Optionen keine Linderung verschaffen, kann Botulinumtoxin A („off label“) injiziert werden. Bei fortbestehenden Beschwerden kann die Einlage eines Blasenschrittmachers erwogen werden.
Der Effekt von Yoga auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Frauen
Authors: Re Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungKardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen verursachen eine hohe Mortalität und Morbidität bei Frauen. Nach der Menopause steigt das Risiko für eine koronare Herzerkrankung bei Frauen an. Zahlreiche Risikofaktoren, die zur Entstehung der Erkrankung beitragen können, sind modifizierbar. Dieser Übersichtsartikel zeigt den Effekt von Yoga auf verschiedene kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Frauen. Entscheidende Risikofaktoren bei Frauen sind Adipositas, Diabetes mellitus Typ II, Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie, Nikotinkonsum, Bewegungsmangel und ungesunde Ernährung. Aber auch Stress, Ängste und Depressionen gehören dazu. Stress scheint viele Risikofaktoren zentral zu beeinflussen. Risikofaktoren zu reduzieren, würde zur Senkung der Inzidenz führen und damit auch die Prävalenz von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen senken. Ein neuer Ansatz ist die Integration von Yoga in die Empfehlungen zur Prävention und somit in den Alltag von Frauen. Yoga ist ein sicheres, kostengünstiges und vor allem bei Frauen akzeptiertes, sogar willkommenes Mittel, um das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit zu fördern. Yoga hat unter anderem dank Stressreduktion und günstiger Beeinflussung des autonomen Nervensystems sowie der zusätzlichen Bewegungskomponente einen positiven Einfluss auf den Glukosestoffwechsel, das Gesamt-Cholesterin, sowie den systolischen Blutdruck. Alles in allem, insbesondere durch den kumulativen Effekt und die risikoarme Anwendungsweise, ist Yoga durchaus empfehlenswert zur Reduktion von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen bei Frauen.
Turtle species extinction across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary
Authors: Vlachos Evangelos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The last mass extinction event some 66 million years ago at the Late Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary caused the extinction of many clades, including the non-avian dinosaurs. Turtles, as well as several other vertebrate clades, survived. However, the debate about whether the diversity of turtles was affected during this event is still ongoing. Here, I calculate a global turtle diversity curve at the species level that shows that the diversity of turtle species was already in decline since the Campanian, before the extinction event, and was further reduced during the Danian. The sample coverage of turtle occurrences at the stage level is also calculated and discussed.
Bias and Debiasing Strategies in Qualitative Data Collection
Authors: Zahle Julie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A widespread view has it that qualitative research in the social sciences is of poor quality because it lacks effective debiasing methods. In this paper, I zoom in on researcher bias in qualitative data collection. First, I provide a brief outline of qualitative data collection and develop a suitable account of bias. On that basis, I argue that qualitative researchers may mitigate researcher bias through the combined use of two strategies that capitalize on main characteristics of qualitative data collection. Lastly, I defend the two debiasing strategies against possible objections to their effectiveness.
Graph theory approaches for molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Patel Amun C. , Sinha Souvik , Palermo Giulia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Graph theory, a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of graphs (networks of nodes and edges), provides a robust framework for analysing the structural and functional properties of biomolecules. By leveraging molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, atoms or groups of atoms can be represented as nodes, while their dynamic interactions are depicted as edges. This network-based approach facilitates the characterization of properties such as connectivity, centrality, and modularity, which are essential for understanding the behaviour of molecular systems. This review details the application and development of graph theory-based models in studying biomolecular systems. We introduce key concepts in graph theory and demonstrate their practical applications, illustrating how innovative graph theory approaches can be employed to design biomolecular systems with enhanced functionality. Specifically, we explore the integration of graph theoretical methods with MD simulations to gain deeper insights into complex biological phenomena, such as allosteric regulation, conformational dynamics, and catalytic functions. Ultimately, graph theory has proven to be a powerful tool in the field of molecular dynamics, offering valuable insights into the structural properties, dynamics, and interactions of molecular systems. This review establishes a foundation for using graph theory in molecular design and engineering, highlighting its potential to transform the field and drive advancements in the understanding and manipulation of biomolecular systems.
How should policymakers, funders, and research teams mobilize to build the evidence base on universal early years services?
Authors: Harron Katie , Kendall Sally , Bunting Catherine , Cassidy Rebecca , Atkins Julie , Clery Amanda , Saloniki Eirini-Christina , Cavallaro Francesca , Bedford Helen , Mc Grath-Lone Louise , Liu Mengyun , Woodman Jenny 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Health visiting in England is a universal service that aims to promote the healthy development of children aged under five years and safeguard their welfare. We consulted stakeholders about their priorities for research into health visiting and also used these consultations and a literature review to generate a logic model. Parents wanted research to explore how health visiting teams can provide a caring, responsive, accessible service (the mechanisms of change). Policymakers, commissioners, and clinical service leads wanted descriptions and evaluations of currently implemented and ‘gold standard’ health visiting. The challenges to evaluating health visiting (data quality, defining the intervention, measuring appropriate outcomes, and estimating causal effects) mean that quasi-experimental studies that rely on administrative data will likely underestimate impact or even fail to detect impact where it exists. Prospective and experimental studies are needed to understand how health visiting influences infant–parent attachments, breastfeeding, childhood accidents, family nutrition, school readiness, and mental health and well-being.
Continuously superior-strong carbon nanofibers by additive nanostructuring and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile jetting
Authors: Deng Jufeng , Liu Chong , Madou Marc 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon nanofibers show the advantages of scale effects on electrical and mechanical properties for applications such as aerospace1,2, automotive3,4, and energy5,6, but have to confront the challenge of maximizing the role of scale effects. Here, a method of additive nanostructuring and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) jetting for the nano-forming of carbon fibers is developed by understanding the electrostatic submicro-initiation of a PAN jetting, altering the microstructure of PAN-based jetting fibers at the nanoscale and implementing subsequent carbonization of PAN jetting nanofiber. Using this method of additive nanostructuring and carbonization in combination with the radial distribution pattern of shear stress, we find that the conformation of some molecular chains inside the PAN nanofibers is transformed into the zigzag conformation. The ability to materialize and carbonize such PAN nanofibers with various conformational structures in the form of arrays on diverse micro-structures and macro-substrates enables the forming of continuous carbon nanofibers with a diameter of ~20 nm and allows the tensile strength of carbon fibers to be enhanced to 212 GPa through the combination of zigzag conformation and nanoscale effects. These advantages create opportunities for the application of maximizing nanoscale effects that have not previously been technically possible.
Long-term radio variability of active galactic nuclei at 37 GHz
Authors: Kankkunen S. , Tornikoski M. , Hovatta T. , Lähteenmäki A. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We present the results of analysing the long-term radio variability of active galactic nuclei at 37 GHz using data of 123 sources observed in the Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory. Our aim was to constrain the characteristic timescales of the studied sources and to analyse whether up to 42 years of monitoring was enough to describe their variability behaviour.
Methods. We used a periodogram to estimate the power spectral density of each source. The power spectral density is used to analyse the power content of a time series in the frequency domain, and it is a powerful tool in describing the variability of active galactic nuclei. We were interested in finding a bend frequency in the power spectrum, that is, a frequency at which the slope β of the spectrum changes from a non-zero value to zero. We fitted two models to the periodograms of each source, namely the bending power law and the simple power law. The bend frequency in the bending power law corresponds to a characteristic timescale.
Results. We were able to constrain a timescale for 11 out of 123 sources, with an average characteristic timescale xb = 1300 days and an average power-law slope β = 2.3. The results suggest that up to 42 years of observations may not always be enough for obtaining a characteristic timescale in the radio domain. This is likely caused by a combination of both slow variability as well as sampling-induced effects. We also compared the obtained timescales to 43 GHz very long baseline interferometry images. The maximum length of time a knot was visible was often close to the obtained characteristic timescale. This suggests a connection between the characteristic timescale and the jet structure.