bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A responsibility that never rests – the life situation of a family caregiver to an older person
Authors: Jarling Aleksandra , Rydström Ingela , Ernsth‐Bravell Marie , Nyström Maria , Dalheim‐Englund Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWhen the ageing population increases, the burden and responsibility of close family members will likely increase. Those closely related who assume a great responsibility can be significantly affected in health, well‐being and daily life.AimThis study aims to describe the life situation when family caregivers are imposed responsibility for an older person with complex care needs in their own home.MethodsIn this Swedish qualitative study, ten family caregivers were strategically selected in order to achieve variations in the life situation. A reflective lifeworld research design based on phenomenological philosophy was used throughout the data collection with the lifeworld interviews and the analytic process.FindingsIn terms of extensive responsibility, the life situation is complex and involves emotions that are difficult to manage. In essence, a paradoxical life situation is described which is experienced as both voluntarily and nonchosen at the same time. The responsibility never rests. The essential meaning is further illustrated with three constituents: loss of freedom, contradictory feelings and affected relationships.ConclusionA life situation with extensive responsibility for an older family member interferes with the whole life situation with an impact on health and relationships with other people. The findings are crucial for professional caregivers in order to capture the nature of family support in a way that enables a meaningful life for both the family caregiver and the older person being cared for. Knowledge of this will give professional caregivers an increased awareness of the life situation of family caregivers and provide a better understanding of the support they are longing for, and, in some countries, such as Sweden, also are entitled to by law.
Parents’ satisfaction with child psychiatry
Authors: Räty Ville , Haaranen Ari , Rissanen Tiina 
Published: May 2019

AimsEffective social and healthcare services are important for recipient point of view. Reforms in field of social and health care affect straight to the lives of children, adolescents and families. Voice of the parents’ of the child psychiatric patient must be heard during reforms. The purpose of this study was to explore the parents’ satisfaction with the child psychiatric clinic in southern Finland in the autumn 2017.MethodsThe questionnaire for parents’ included 12 questions related to a single visit experience in clinic. In total, 168 responses were collected at the end of the visits. Likert scale responses were analysed statistically with nonparametric methods for the relationship between variables such as the respondent relationship to the child and the type of visit. The open‐ended questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe relationship with the child was multifaceted: 54% were mothers and 18% fathers, 13% other adults and 3% child welfare workers. The respondents’ age distribution was 18–62 years, and the average age was 39 years. The respondents were satisfied with their visit at the clinic. The respondents’ relationship with the child was determined how successful the visit was in the point of view of respondent in some cases. There was no difference in the experience for the first‐time visitors and returning visitors or the parents′ who had visited the clinic at the same time.ConclusionsEven there was significant difference experiencing the visit in some cases, the respondents were satisfied and visits deemed to have benefit. The speed and availability of care and the skills and competence of the staff were appreciated. Atmosphere in the clinic was warm and positive. Development point of view, lack of information about the duration of the visit was raised to parents at the beginning of the visit.
Biomechanical evaluation of different ankle orthoses in a simulated lateral ankle sprain in two different modes
Authors: Benca Emir , Ziai Pejman , Hirtler Lena , Schuh Reinhard , Zandieh Shahin , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnkle orthoses are commonly used for prevention of recurrent ankle sprains. While there are some data on their functional performance or restriction of range of motion, there is little knowledge on the quantifiable passive mechanical effectiveness of various devices. This study aimed to determine the prophylactic stabilization effect for commonly prescribed ankle orthoses in a simulated recurrent ankle sprain. Eleven anatomic lower leg specimens were tested in plantar flexion and hindfoot inversion in a simulated ankle sprain in a quasi‐static and dynamic test mode at 0.5°/s and 50°/s internal rotation, respectively. Tests included intact specimens, same specimens with the ruptured anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), followed by stabilization with five different semi‐rigid orthoses: AirGo Ankle Brace, Air Stirrup Ankle Brace, Dyna Ankle 50S1, MalleoLoc, and Aequi. Compared to the injured and unprotected state, two orthoses (AirGo and Air Stirrup) significantly reinforced the ankle. The Aequi ankle brace restored stability comparable to an intact joint. Dyna Ankle 50S1 and MalleoLoc provided insufficient resistance to applied internal rotation compared to the ankle with ruptured ATFL. Ankle orthoses varied significantly in their ability to stabilize the unstable ankle during an ankle sprain in both testing modes. Presented objective data on passive stabilization reveal a lack of supporting evidence for clinical application of ankle orthoses.
The quality of mother‐adolescent disclosure: Links with predictors and adolescents’ sociomoral outcomes
Authors: Laible Deborah , Conover Olivia , Eberly Lewis Mary , Karahuta Erin , Van Norden Clare , Stout Wyntre , Carlo Gustavo , Cruz Alysia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious work on adolescents’ disclosure has focused on the frequency of disclosure to parents, but not the quality of that disclosure. Therefore, there is a need to examine factors that predict the quality of adolescents’ disclosure, as well as the consequences of the quality for adolescents’ outcomes. In this study, 100 adolescents (M age = 14.27 years; 57 girls; 70.7% White, European American) disclosed to mothers a recent past event in which they felt excluded; the videotaped and transcribed conversations were rated for indices of the quality of disclosure (i.e., the quality of elaboration and emotion discussed). Adolescents completed measures of sociomoral behavior and parental warmth and mothers completed measures of their moral identity, circle of moral regard, and moral socialization. The quality of adolescents’ disclosure was related to adolescents’ sociomoral outcomes (including prosocial behaviors, empathy, and sociability). Adolescents’ disclosure quality was predicted by gender and by aspects of mothers’ moral sophistication. Findings highlight the importance of high‐quality self‐disclosure by adolescents for promoting adolescents’ moral development, potentially because such disclosure gives parents the opportunity to help adolescents cope with challenging peer experiences potentially through emotion coaching and problem‐solving. Moreover, the findings are novel because they highlight how maternal moral processes might promote adolescents’ disclosure.
Political Ideology and Concerns About White‐Collar Crime: Exploring the Switch Hypothesis
Authors: Kroska Amy , Schmidt Marshall R. , Schleifer Cyrus 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveNumerous studies show that political conservatives in the United States are more concerned about crime than are political liberals. But, according to the “switch hypothesis,” the direction of the association should reverse when the focus is on reducing and punishing white‐collar crime. Despite the intuitiveness of this hypothesis, however, only one study to date has directly tested it.MethodWe explore the hypothesis using data from an online survey administered to undergraduate, graduate, and law students at a southern university. We include a wide range of controls, including demographic attributes, socioeconomic indicators, street crime victimization, white‐collar crime victimization, and a composite measure of trust in professionals.ResultsAs hypothesized, political conservatives are less concerned about reducing and punishing white‐collar crime than are political liberals, and the association is stronger for men than it is for women, patterns that hold with and without the controls. The main effect of conservatism also holds (1) when examined with structural equation modeling, (2) when each item of the dependent variable is examined separately with stereotype logistic regression, and (3) when the sample is weighted to match the gender and race/ethnicity distribution in the population from which it was drawn.ConclusionConsistent with the switch hypothesis, the results suggest that conservatives are less concerned about white‐collar crime than are liberals.
Congress and the Political Economy of Daylight Saving Time, 1918–1985
Authors: Gray Thomas R. , Jenkins Jeffery A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveDaylight Saving Time (DST) is a government policy regulating the timing of daylight during the summer months. While DST's existence is taken for granted in modern American life, the adoption and expansion of the policy was heavily debated, with strong opposition that persists to the present day—a full century after its inception as a World War I energy‐efficiency program. After reviewing the history of DST, we analyze the political economy of congressional vote choice on DST policy.MethodWe analyze votes of members of Congress on all DST‐specific roll calls between 1918 and 1985, assessing whether members voted to expand or reduce DST.ResultsWe find that ideology, party, geographic location, and the portion of a constituency made up by farmers all strongly predict member support for adopting and expanding DST—and that each of these effects is durable over time. Digging deeper, we find significant evidence for local representation on DST votes, as constituency‐specific factors are more strongly associated with congressional vote choice than partisanship or general ideological preferences.ConclusionOverall, our results provide an original empirical assessment of the factors that drove the adoption and revision of a contentious and significant government policy that endures today.
Age constraints on the Palaeoproterozoic Lomagundi–Jatuli Event in Zimbabwe: Zircon geochronology of the Magondi Supergroup
Authors: Sawada Hikaru , Mugandani Ernest Tafumanei , Sato Tomohiko , Sawaki Yusuke , Sakata Shuhei , Isozaki Yukio , Maruyama Shigenori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga Magondi Supergroup on the Zimbabwe Craton in Southern Africa is mainly composed of sedimentary rocks deposited in a rift basin/passive continental margin, which record a unique episode in carbon isotope perturbation called the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event (LJE). This study reports new U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Deweras and Lomagundi groups of the Magondi Supergroup, and of igneous zircons from underlying granitoids, to constrain the timing of the LJE and to identify the provenance of the Magondi Supergroup. Most analysed detrital zircon grains range in ages between ca. 2.9 and 2.6 Ga. Three ca. 2.3–2.2 Ga detrital zircons from sandstone of the Deweras Group, with the youngest 207Pb‐206Pb age of 2,216 ± 22 Ma, indicate the onset of LJE in the Zimbabwe Craton was almost simultaneous to that in Fennoscandia and the Superior Craton, supporting the global synchronicity of the LJE.
Nipple Deformation and Peripheral Pressure on the Areola During Breastfeeding
Authors: Alatalo Diana , Jiang Lin , Geddes Donna , Hassanipour Fatemeh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Breastfeeding is a complex process where the infant utilizes two forms of pressure during suckling, vacuum and compression. Infant applied compression, or positive oral pressure, to the breast has not been previously studied in vivo. The goal of this study is to use a methodology to capture the positive oral pressure values exerted by infants' maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) on the breast areola during breastfeeding. In this study, the positive and negative (vacuum) pressure values are obtained simultaneously on six lactating mothers. Parallel to the pressure data measurements, ultrasound images are captured and processed to reveal the nipple deformations and the displacements of infants' tongues and jaw movements during breastfeeding. Motivated by the significant differences in composition between the tissue of the breast and the nipple–areola complex, the strain ratio values of the lactating nipples are obtained using these deformation measurements along with pre- and postfeed three-dimensional (3D) scans of the breast. The findings show an oscillatory positive pressure profile on the breast under both maxilla and mandible, which differs from clinical indications that only the mandible of an infant moves during breastfeeding. The strain ratio varies between mothers, which indicates volume changes in the nipple during feeding and suggests that previous assumptions regarding strain ratio for nonlactating breasts will not accurately apply to breast tissue during lactation.
Effect of liraglutide on body weight and pain in patients with overweight and knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial
Authors: Gudbergsen Henrik , Henriksen Marius , Wæhrens Eva Ejlersen , Overgaard Anders , Bliddal Henning , Christensen Robin , Boesen Mikael Ploug , Knop Filip Krag , Astrup Arne , Rasmussen Marianne Uggen , Bartholdy Cecilie , Daugaard Cecilie , Bartels Else Marie , Ellegaard Karen , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Kristensen Lars Erik 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionWith an increasing prevalence of citizens of older age and with overweight, the health issues related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) will intensify. Weight loss is considered a primary management strategy in patients with concomitant overweight and knee OA. However, there are no widely available and feasible methods to sustain weight loss in patients with overweight and knee OA. The present protocol describes a randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a 3 mg/day dosing in patients with overweight and knee OA.Methods and analysis150 volunteer adult patients with overweight or obesity and knee OA will participate in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and single-centre trial. The participants will partake in a run-in diet intervention phase (week −8 to 0) including a low calorie diet and dietetic counselling. At week 0, patients will be randomised to either liraglutide 3 mg/day or liraglutide placebo 3 mg/day for 52 weeks as an add-on to dietetic guidance on re-introducing regular foods and a focus on continued motivation to engage in a healthy lifestyle. The co-primary outcomes are changes in body weight and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale from week 0 to week 52.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the regional ethics committee in the Capital Region of Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Danish Data Protection Agency. An external monitoring committee (The Good Clinical Practice Unit at Copenhagen University Hospitals) will oversee the trial. The results will be presented at international scientific meetings and through publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbers2015-005163-16,NCT02905864, U1111-1171-4970Based on protocol versionV.6; 30 January 2017, 15:30 hours
Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity targeted to muscle endplates: an international, randomised, evaluator-blinded study comparing two different botulinum toxin injection strategies for the treatment of upper limb spasticity
Authors: Rekand Tiina , Biering-Sörensen Bo , He Jun , Vilholm Ole Jakob , Christensen Peter Brøgger , Ulfarsson Trandur , Belusa Roger , Ström Torbjörn , Myrenfors Peter , Maisonobe Pascal , Dalager Torben 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe therapeutic effects of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) are well documented in upper limb spasticity. However, several factors may influence treatment efficacy, including targeting of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). We examined whether NMJ-targeted BoNT injections were non-inferior, in terms of efficacy, to current injection practices.DesignOpen-label prospective evaluator-blinded study.SettingConducted across 20 medical centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (24 September 2012 to 11 March 2015).ParticipantsAged ˃18 years with upper limb spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale [MAS] score of 2 or 3) following stroke or traumatic brain injury, had received ≥2 consecutive BoNT-A treatment cycles (the latest of which was abobotulinumtoxinA [aboBoNT-A]) and needed BoNT-A retreatment (same modality as previous cycle). Patients requiring aboBoNT-A doses >800units were excluded. In total, 88 patients were randomised (intention-to-treat [ITT] population), most were male (n=58/88, 65.9%) and 54/88 (61.4%) completed the study (per protocol [PP] population).InterventionsRandomisation (1:1) to receive a single dose of aboBoNT-A (≤800 U) according to either current clinical practice (300 U/mL) or as an NMJ-targeted injection (100 U/mL).Primary outcome measureProportion of patients with a ≥1 level reduction from baseline in MAS score at week 4 post-injection (responders).ResultsIn the ITT population, the proportion of responders at elbow flexors was 72.7% in the current practice group and 56.8% in the NMJ-targeted group (adjusted difference −0.1673 [95% CIs: −0.3630 to 0.0284]; p=0.0986). Similar results were observed in the PP population (69.0% vs 68.0%, respectively, adjusted difference 0.0707 [−0.1948 to 0.3362]; p=0.6052).ConclusionsOwing to the limited number of participants, non-inferiority of NMJ-targeted injections could not be determined. However, there was no statistical difference between groups. Larger studies are needed confirm whether the two techniques offer comparable efficacy.Trial registration numberNCT01682148.
Type and use of digital technology in learning health systems: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lessard Lysanne , Grudniewicz Agnes , Sauré Antoine , Szczotka Agnieszka , King James , Fung-Kee-Fung Michael 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionHealth systems in North America and Europe have been criticised for their lack of safety, efficiency and effectiveness despite rising healthcare costs. In response, healthcare leaders and researchers have articulated the need to transform current health systems into continuously and rapidly learning health systems (LHSs). While digital technology has been envisioned as providing the transformational power for LHSs by generating timely evidence and supporting best care practices, it remains to be ascertained if it is indeed playing this role in current LHS initiatives. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims at providing a comprehensive understanding of how and to what extent digital technology is used within LHSs. Results will help to identify gaps in the literature as a means to guide future research on this topic.Methods and analysisMultiple databases and grey literature will be searched with terms related to learning health systems. Records selection will be done in duplicate by two reviewers applying pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction from selected records will be done by two reviewers using a piloted data charting form. Results will be synthesised through a descriptive numerical summary and a mapping of digital technology use onto types of LHSs and phases of learning within LHSs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. Preliminary results will be shared with stakeholders to account for their perspectives when drawing conclusions. Final results will be disseminated through presentations at relevant conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Health morbidity in Brazilian prisons: a time trends study from national databases
Authors: Job Neto Francisco , Miranda Raquel Barbosa , Coelho Ronaldo de Almeida , Gonçalves Cinthya Paiva , Zandonade Eliana , Miranda Angelica Espinosa 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to explore the surveillance data about mandatory reporting diseases, included in the official information systems, and evaluate the historical trend analysis in prisoners in Brazil.DesignA time trends study was performed using secondary data from prisons’ health units.SettingNationwide representative data of Brazilian prisoners obtained from 2007 to 2014 health and prison information systems database were analysed. These data are carried out by units identified as prison health facilities.Primary outcome measuresDiseases diagnosis and individual data were available at the National System of Disease Notification (in Portuguese SINAN), Mortality Information System (in Portuguese SIM) and Prison Registration Systems (in Portuguese INFOPEN and GEO prisons). Analyses of the notification data performed in the SINAN at the national level. SINAN was consolidated with SIM, INFOPEN and GEO prison data.ResultsA total of 23 235 cases of compulsory disease notification causing morbidity were reported in prison units in Brazil; of these cases, 20 003 (85.6%) were men and 3362 (14.4%) were women. Over time, the proportion of prisoners increased from 1.92 per 1000 inhabitants in 2007 to 2.77 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014 (rising trend). From a total of 27 states, 12 of them presented a growth in disease notifications, 14 were stable and in only one state was there a decrease in notifications. There was an increase in notifications in the country as a whole. Tuberculosis (64.4%), dengue (9.1%), AIDS (9.0%) and viral hepatitis (5.9%) were among the most frequently reported diseases during the study period.ConclusionDespite showing stable tendencies, our results show high rates of diseases in Brazilian prisons. Prison health services should not be isolated but integrated into regional and national health and justice systems.