bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retardation of hexavalent uranium in muscovite environment: a batch study
Authors: Yin Zhuoxin , Pan Duoqiang , Li Ping , Liu Peng , Wu Hanyu , Wu Wangsuo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The sorption of hexavalent uranium on muscovite as a function of pH, background electrolyte, temperature and humic acid (HA) was investigated in detail using batch experiments. The results showed that the uranium sorpiton on muscovite was kinetic fast, the kinetic process was fitted well by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The sorption of uranium depended strongly on pH while weakly on background electrolyte concentration, indicating that surface complexation dominated the sorption process. The escalation of temperature and humic acid concentration were favorable to uranium sorption on muscovite. The sorption isotherms at pH 6.0 could be described better by Langmuir model than Freundlich or Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model, thermodynamic data indicated that the uranium sorption process on muscovite was spontaneous and endothermic process. The findings in present work can provide important experimental reference for understanding the environmental behavior of uranium in mica-rich terrains.
Parametric Study on How the Lateral Forces Acting on a Deep Foundation Influences the Axial Forces Developing in the Piles
Authors: Iordănescu Radu Adrian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A missing piece in the design of bridge substructure is that the equation given in structural mechanics that assesses the axial forces in the piles of a deep foundation does not take into account the effect of lateral forces acting on the pile cap. In practice, pile forces are determined using a FEA software. This method, however, can not be easily incorporated into an automated program that performs local and global optimizations of a structure. One of the reasons is that this method is particularly demanding on the computational resources. Since a bridge can have a number of deep foundations, which must be verified for various combinations of actions, which need to be optimized, recalculated in various scenarios and then the entire process reiterated for all structural solutions, computational cost can become prohibitive. Another reason is that due to the lack of a relation between all the parameters and dimensions that influence the behaviour of a deep foundation, their optimization is difficult.
For this purpose, a parametric study has been carried out to investigate what parameters influence the relation between the lateral forces applied to the foundation and the axial forces that develop in the piles, and ultimately propose an equation that takes into account the lateral forces. The study is carried out using experimental data obtained on models using the finite element analysis method using SAP 2000 (v.15) software.
Mathematical Models for Nonlinear Soil Behavior
Authors: Carmen Berevoescu Ileana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Actually, the seismic movement has an irregular cyclic character.This can be equivalent to a determined number of uniform cyclical stresses equivalent in terms of effect.
Modeling the behavior of the soil to cyclical stress, is usually done, by establishing a relationship for primary loading like τ = f (γ) and after drawing the diagram “effortless strain curve”, in which τ is the stress, and γ is shear deformation. For modeling nonlinear behavior of the soil, we used like nonlinear models. The best known are the hyperbolic model and the Ramberg-Osgood model.
Analysis of Delays and Extension of Execution Duration of a Road Project
Authors: Stoian Mirela Mădălina , Dicu Mihai 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The implementation of road infrastructure projects often results in delays due to objective causes, with repercussions on the final execution deadline and with value implications. The use of critical path method for planning and the executin windows, will result in better time process management and optimization delays.
Eating Habits and Standard Body Parameters Among Students at University of Banja Luka
Authors: Raseta Nela , Simovic Slobodan , Djuric Sonja , Suzic Nenad , Prtina Alma , Zeljkovic Nina 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Poor dietary habits have become one of the most important concerns among public health policy makers in recent years, due to the impact they have on both economic and health systems of a country. The transitional period toward young adulthood, marked with high school graduation and the beginning of college years, has been identified as critical in terms of its influence on young people’s bad eating habits. The aim of this study was to assess whether the results obtained through Food Frequency Questionnaire significantly correlate with standard body parameters. Participants included 210 students from the University of Banja Luka, with the mean age of 21.94 ± 2.73 years. Factorization of Food Frequency Questionnaire Instrument extracted seven factors which were subjected to multiple regression analysis as independent variables, and correlated to dependent variables - anthropological measurements. This study shows that the factors labeled as consumption of bread, consumption of healthy food, and intake of carbohydrates, are significantly related to Body Fat Percentage, whereas factors labeled as intake of food of animal origin, and intake of fruits and vegetables, are statistically significant in terms of their relation to Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Only one factor, labeled as intake of unhealthy food, is significantly related to Body Mass Index; this is to suggest that Body Mass Index has again showed many limitations with regard to its research relevance. This research has also found that students of the University of Banja Luka typically consume white bread, known to have a direct link with overweight and obesity.
A Synthetical Two-Component Model with Peakon Solutions: One More Bi-Hamiltonian Case
Authors: Mengxia Zhang , Xiaomin Yang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Compatible pairs of Hamiltonian operators for the synthetical two-component model of Xia, Qiao, and Zhou are derived systematically by means of the spectral gradient method. A new two-component system, which is bi-Hamiltonian, is presented. For this new system, the construction of its peakon solutions is considered.
Validity and Reliability of an On-Court Fitness Test for Assessing and Monitoring Aerobic Fitness in Squash
Authors: James Carl , Tenllado Vallejo Florencio , Kantebeen Melvin , Farra Saro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
James, C, Tenllado Vallejo, F, Kantebeen, M, and Farra, S. Validity and reliability of an on-court fitness test for assessing and monitoring aerobic fitness in squash. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1400–1407, 2019—Current on-court assessments of aerobic fitness in squash are not designed to yield a wealth of physiological data. Moreover, tests may require complex computer equipment or involve simulated racket strokes, which are difficult to standardize at high intensities. This study investigated the validity and reliability of a squash-specific fitness test which can yield both a standalone performance score, as well as pertinent physiological markers such as Vo
2max, the lactate turnpoint and oxygen cost, in a sport-specific environment. Eight national squash players completed 3 tests in a counterbalanced order: an incremental laboratory treadmill test (LAB) and 2 on-court fitness tests (STs) that involved repeated shuttle runs at increasing speeds. Vo
2max during ST was agreeable with LAB (typical error [TE] = 3.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, r = 0.79). The mean bias between LAB and ST was 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1. There were no differences in maximum heart rate, postexercise blood lactate concentration, or end of test rating of perceived exertion between LAB and ST (p > 0.05). The ST was highly reliable, with 74 (10) laps completed in ST1 and 75 (12) laps in ST2 (mean bias = 1 lap, TE = 3 laps, r = 0.97). Physiological markers were also reliable, including Vo
2max, (TE = 1.5 ml·kg−1·min−1, r = 0.95), the lap number at 4 mMol−1 (TE = 4 laps, r = 0.77), and average Vo
2 across the first 4 stages (TE = 0.94 ml·kg−1·min−1, r = 0.95). We observed good agreement between LAB and ST for assessing Vo
2max and between both on-court trials for assessing test performance and selected physiological markers. Consequently, we recommend this test for monitoring training adaptations and prescribing individualized training in elite squash players.
Analytical health evaluation of young age persons (18-29 years) in the city of Novosibirsk
Authors: Pogodina V A , Babenko A I , Babenko E A , Khaiatova Z B 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Аналитическая оценка физического состояния организма и здоровья у лиц 18-29 лет по данным медицинской документации за 2015-2016 гг. в Новосибирске.
Методы. С помощью методики выборочной совокупности с применением репрезентативности, рандомизации, стратометрического отбора, аналитического обсуждения изучали показатели физического развития, характеристики патологии, группы здоровья. Материалом исследования служила информация из официальных статистических учётных форм (№025/у-04, №025-12/у, №131/у) 250 пациентов в возрасте 18-29 лет.
Результаты. Стандартные показатели типа телосложения, уровня артериального давления, частоты сердечных сокращений и дыхательных движений, принятые в Российской Федерации, зарегистрированы в 34,4-78,4% случаев. Взрослых астенического и гиперстенического типа телосложения отмечено соответственно 42,8 и 22,9%. Доля контингента, имеющего брадикардию, составляла 8,4%, тахикардию - 21,6%. Удельный вес лиц с пониженным и повышенным уровнем артериального давления был по 21,6%. Пациентов с брадипноэ не зафиксировано, у 21,6% контингента установлено тахипноэ. Среди взрослых 18-29 лет наиболее распространены невоспалительные болезни женских половых органов, заболевания мужских половых органов и острые респираторные инфекции верхних дыхательных путей. Только у 19,2-21,6% контингента отсутствовали заболевания. Вместе с тем 48,4-50,0% лиц имели хроническую патологию лёгкой степени тяжести, нуждались в диспансерном контроле и дополнительном обследовании. У 30,0-50,0% контингента документировано острое заболевание средней степени тяжести, установлен высокий суммарный риск развития хронической патологии и требовался диспансерный осмотр.
Вывод. Выявленные отклонения от российских возрастных норм в здоровье могут стать основой для разработки вариантов стандарта комплексной оценки здоровья взрослого контингента по возрасту и региону.
Risk factors for open conversion of laparoscopic biliary surgery
Authors: Mohammed Asem F. , Abdelshahid Moharm A. , Elbalshy Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Conversion rates of laparoscopic to open biliary procedures vary according to different factors such as clinical presentation, co-morbidity, surgical experience and equipment.Methods: A prospective analysis of 464 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) including 88 laparoscopic common bile duct explorations (LCBDE) over a period of 5 years was carried out in Menofia University Hospitals, between December 2012 to December 2017.Results: The male to female ratio in the series was 1:3.4 with a Median±SD age 51±16 years. 158 cases (34%) of all patients were admitted as an emergency including jaundice in 60 cases (13%), acute pancreatitis in 27 cases 6% and acute cholecystitis/empyema in 27 cases (6%). 153 cases (33%) had previous abdominal surgery. LCBDE was done in 88 cases. open conversion was necessary in 6/464 cases (1.3%) over 5 years; with no conversions in the last 2 years (130 cases). converted cases had a Median±SD age 53±17 years and 67% were female.Conclusions: Several risk factors favour conversion from laparoscopic to an open approach in biliary surgeries that has to be identified preoperative to provide a better surgery.
Haptic Virtual Prototyping of Buttons
Authors: Shrestha Pranav 
Published: February 2018

The design of any physical product involves prototyping. Building physical prototypes of the products can be expensive and time consuming. An alternate to physical prototyping is haptic virtual prototyping, which simulates the product using a computer and a haptic device. A haptic device is one that produces the forces similar to that of the product, giving the user a realistic feel of the product. Since the feel of a product plays a significant role in its commercial success, the importance of haptic virtual prototyping as a design tool is increasing. This paper discusses the haptic simulation of a push button on a low cost and commercially available haptic device called Novint Falcon. Two different models were created – the first one was a simple push button, and the second was an on/off click button. The parameters of the two models were selected such that they have the most accurate tactile response or feel of the product. The two models successfully simulated the feel of the buttons, and it was found that haptic virtual prototyping of buttons is achievable using a low cost haptic interaction system.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE STEAM BARK OF Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Pertiwi Emil 
Published: February 2018

A compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark <em>Garcinia picrorrhiza</em>. The extraction was conducted by maseration. Separation and purification were done by chromatography method. The structure of compound was established using UV, IR, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacteria activity of the isolated compound was tested by paper disk difusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined by using well difusion method examined against bacteria <em>Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Staphyloccocus aureus</em>. The isolated compound was a yellow solids (43.8 mg) with melting point 171 – 172 <sup>o</sup>C. Based on spectroscopy data compared with data from the literature, the isolated compound is a known compound of oxygenated xanthone group with structure 1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(3methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone. The compound exhibited an antibacterial activity against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> only with MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.
Effects of Drought on Crop Production and Cropping Areas in Texas
Authors: Ray Ram L. , Fares Ali , Risch Eric 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Drought causes significant yield reductions both for rainfed and irrigated crops.
Drought can have impact on cropping areas and crop yield.
Changing crop types can be used to cope with drought challenges during drought periods.
Increased crop yield is required to meet the needs of future population growth, but drought causes significant yield reductions for rainfed and irrigated crops. This study evaluates the impact of drought on crop yield and cropping area over 10 climate zones in Texas from 2008 to 2016. It also depicts the spatiotemporal distribution of crop yield and cropping area changes at each climate zone across the state. We analyzed the impact of drought on crop yields and cropping areas before and after the 2011 severe drought using annual crop yields of four major crops. Results show that drought had a greater impact on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) and lesser impact on cotton (Gossypium spp.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production across Texas. Cotton and corn hectarages were reduced during the drought period and increased after that, whereas winter wheat hectarage was reduced in the northern climate zones and increased in the southern climate zones before the drought. Results also indicate that drought impact on crop production may be reduced by replacing water‐demanding crops such as corn with drought‐tolerant crops such as sorghum and expanding irrigation hectarage during drought periods. It may be beneficial for Texas agricultural production to increase the hectarage of sorghum and other grains especially during drought periods. This study provides valuable information that can be used to adopt appropriate measures to cope with future drought challenges in drought‐prone regions.
Development of a Soil Water Movement Model for the Superabsorbent Polymer Application
Authors: Liao Renkuan , Yang Peiling , Wang Zhenhua , Wu Wenyong , Ren Shumei 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Unstable effects on soil were quantified to obtain time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters.
Richards' equation was modified to include the time variable t to simulate soil water movement.
Root water uptake was considered in the soil‐water movement model as affected by the SAP.
A numerical solution was obtained for root water uptake in soil where SAP was applied.
Results guide models of soil change from functional exogenous substances used in soil–crop systems.
In dry land farming, the use of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can improve rain‐water use efficiency for its unique characteristic of repeatedly absorbing rainfall and slowly releasing it to crop; however, this characteristic creates challenges in modeling water movement in soils after SAPs are applied. A series of experiments were conducted in both the laboratory and the field in an attempt to (i) study the unstable effects of SAP on soil hydraulic parameters and crop root growth; and (ii) determine variation in soil hydraulic parameters after an SAP is applied. A specific model was developed to simulate soil water movement for application of SAPs. In this model, as the unsaturated diffusivity was reduced by 1.2 to 76.6% over the time of SAP application, the time variable t was included in the Richards equation to obtain the time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters. The moisture content of soil layers applied with an SAP was increased by 5.5 to 14.1% after each irrigation event; meanwhile, SAPs enhanced the rate of root water uptake (RWU) to effectively use water. Model validation indicated positive effects of time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters on simulating soil water movement in soils where SAP was applied, and the simulated values had good agreement with measured values. Patterns of water movement in soil layers where SAPs were applied were accurately simulated. The findings of this study provide important guidance for modeling soil water movement when any functional substances are added to soil.
Modeling Soil–Water–Disease Interactions of Flood‐Irrigated Mandarin Orange Trees: Role of Root Distribution Parameters
Authors: Peddinti Srinivasa Rao , Kambhammettu B.V.N.P. , Ranjan Shashi , Suradhaniwar Saurabh , Badnakhe Mrunalini R. , Adinarayana J. , Gade R.M. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Soil–water–disease interactions were analyzed using field and numerical studies.
ERT was able to image the soil moisture front separated by active roots.
HYDRUS overpredicted RWU from diseased trees, requiring a compensation mechanism.
Parameters defining the root distribution were optimized considering plant health.
Variably saturated flow models that simulate soil–water–plant interactions within the rhizosphere largely ignore the effect of plant health. This makes it difficult for them to effectively simulate root water uptake (RWU) and implement alternate management practices for diseased trees. This research was aimed at understanding the hydrological and plant controls on RWU simulations dominated by the health of the tree using experimental and numerical frameworks. Two research plots, one around a healthy mature and the other around a diseased mature (Phytophthora spp. affected) orange tree (Citrus reticulate Blanco), in the Vidarbha region of India were considered for our analysis. Three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) performed at the two locations revealed that the soil moisture profiles following irrigation are different between the two plots. A two‐dimensional axisymmetric form of Richards' equation was then solved using HYDRUS (2D/3D) by incorporating a root distribution function. A global sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the root distribution parameters that influence soil moisture simulations. These parameters were then optimized using a genetic algorithm for healthy and diseased conditions. We observed that the diseased orange tree had consumed less water, leaving high soil moisture in the rhizosphere, a condition favorable for the further growth of disease‐causing fungi. Hence, managing irrigation water in accordance with RWU patterns is essential for diseased trees. To understand the error propagation in RWU estimation, we simulated RWU from a diseased tree with the optimal parameters derived for a healthy case. Results show that the error in estimating RWU from the model cells progressively increases with radial distance and soil depth.
Evaluation of hydrodynamic characteristics of porous media from one-step outflow experiments using RETC code
Authors: Londra P. , Kargas G. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The ability of simulation models to accurately predict water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils usually depends on the accuracy of the parametric models used to describe the water retention curve θ(h) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity Κ(θ). Experiments were conducted to determine θ(h) and Κ(θ) relationships of six different porous media. θ(h) relationships were determined using Haines-type assembly or Richards' pressure cell chambers, depending on the soil type. K(θ) relationships were determined using the one-step outflow method. RETC code was used to analyze hydraulic properties. Experimental data were compared with those predicted by the Mualem-van Genuchten model using RETC for two prediction scenarios with three fitting parameters a, n, θr. The first scenario uses as input data the experimental θ(h) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) measurements and the second, the experimental θ(h), K(θ) and Ks measurements for two types of conductivity regression analysis. Concerning the second scenario, the Mualem model parameter p as an additional fitting parameter was also examined. Analysis of the results showed that the best method for predicting both the θ(h) and K(θ) relationships is to use simultaneously the experimental θ(h), K(θ) and Ks data with four fitting parameters a, n, θr, p.
Wieloraka realizacja warunków doboru i jej konsekwencje
Authors: Chodasewicz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2018

Tekst analizuje problem wielorakiej realizacji warunków doboru naturalnego: zmienności, reprodukcji i dziedziczności, przy czym główny nacisk położony zostaje na trzecią z wymienionych cech. Głównym celem prowadzonych analiz jest chęć pokazania, że możliwość wielorakiej realizacji doboru istniałaby nawet wówczas, gdyby pominąć argumenty z zakresu astrobiologii i sztucznego życia i skupić się wyłącznie na analizie genetyki znanych nam form życia. Tekst omawia również konsekwencje powyższej konkluzji, wskazując jak teza o wielorakiej realizacji warunków doboru wpływa na rozważania o takich zagadnieniach, jak: redukcjonizm w biologii, definiowanie życia, badania dotyczące epigenetyki oraz autonomia biologii. Zaznaczone zostaje także jej znaczenie dla badań nad poziomami selekcji i wielkimi przełomami ewolucji (major transitions in evolution).
Praca charytatywna mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności na terenie Dolnego Śląska – raport z badań
Authors: Sokołowska Emilia 
Published: February 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest tematyce pracy charytatywnej mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności na terenie Okręgowego Inspektoratu Służby Więziennej we Wrocławiu. Celem jest przedstawienie znaczenia pracy charytatywnej oraz pokazanie możliwości jej wykorzystania w oddziaływaniach penitencjarnych na podstawie współpracy zakładów karnych ze społecznościami lokalnymi, z wyeksponowaniem jej wszechstronnego oddziaływania na osoby skazane. Głównym problemem badawczym jest oddziaływanie pracy charytatywnej na postawy mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności oraz jej wpływu na zaspokojenie ich potrzeb, zmianę wartości moralnych, podwyższenie samooceny, na motywację i zaangażowanie.