bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodobni razvoj kakovosti v izobraževanju odraslih na Finskem
Authors: Toivianinen Tiimo 
Published: October 2018

V članku avtor opisuje razvoj sistema zagotavljanja in ugotavljanja kakovosti finskega izobraževalnega sistema in utemeljuje potrebo po uvajanju kakovosti kot bi stvenega sestavnega dela izobraževanja. Zagotavljanje kakovosti in druge oblike evalvacije zagotavljajo informacije za odločanje. S tega vidika opredeljuje odločanje kot kompleksen proces, ki ne vključuje le ljudi, ki odločajo o javnih politi čnih usmeritvah, temveč kot izvajalce izobraževanja, učitelje in udeležence. Evalvacija zagotavlja argumente za najustreznej šo razdelitev zmanjšanih sredstev za potrebe izobraževanja (posledica recesije). V nadaljevanju prispevka avtor predstav lja nekaj strateških ciljev evalvacije, ki jih je med drugim priporočila OECD, in opisuje model ugotavljanja kakovosti izobraževalnih učinkov, opredeljen s tremi kategorijami: učinkovitostjo, uspešnostjo (v ožjem smislu) in gospodarnostjo. V prejšnjih evalvacijah izobraževalnih učinkov je bila pozornost omejena zgolj na učinkovitost, zdaj pa sta upoštevana tudi uspešnost in gospodarnost, postopek je sicer težavnejši, vendar daje tudi koristnejše informacije. Model poleg ugotavljanja uspešnosti izobraževalnih učinkov predvideva tudi druge dejavnike; za evalvacijo je namreč treba opredeliti tudi cilje, kazalce in merila. V drugem delu prispevka so opisani ključni izvajalci evalvacij na Finskem in njihovi dosedanji rezultati: nacionalna komisija za izobraževanje kot osrednji organ za ugotavlj anje kakovosti, svet za izobraževanje odraslih in posamezni izvajalci izobraževanja odraslih, kot so organizacije za izobraževanje odraslih, rezidenčne visoke šole, centri za študijske krožke, institucije za poklicno izobraževanje. V prilogi na koncu pri spevka pa je podrobneje predstavljen dokument finskega sveta za izobraževanje odraslih z naslovom Strategija ugotavljanja kakovosti v izobraževanju odraslih.
Basics Film-Making 01: Producing
Authors: Worthington Charlotte 
Published: October 2018

Basics Film-Making 01: Producing introduces the reader to the role of the producer.
It explores the production of drama, documentary and magazine pieces, identifying the skills and knowledge required to engage with the industry.
The book examines the many facets of the producer's role, giving a dynamic overview of the realities of producing film today, and exploring the entire process from development through to post-production and distribution.
Surface fluxes of bromoform and dibromomethane over the tropical western Pacific inferred from airborne in situ measurements
Authors: Feng Liang , Palmer Paul I. , Butler Robyn , Andrews Stephen J. , Atlas Elliot L. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Donets Valeria , Harris Neil R. P. , Salawitch Ross J. , Pan Laura L. , Schauffler Sue M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We infer surface fluxes of bromoform (CHBr3) and
dibromoform (CH2Br2) from aircraft observations over the western
Pacific using a tagged version of the GEOS-Chem global 3-D atmospheric
chemistry model and a maximum a posteriori inverse model. Using GEOS-Chem (GC) as
an intermediary, we find that the distribution of a priori ocean
emissions of these gases are reasonably consistent with observed atmospheric
mole fractions of CHBr3 (r=0.62) and CH2Br2
(r=0.38). These a priori emissions result in a positive model bias
in CHBr3 peaking in the marine boundary layer, but reproduce
observed values of CH2Br2 with no significant bias by virtue of
its longer atmospheric lifetime. Using GEOS-Chem, we find that observed
variations in atmospheric CHBr3 are determined equally by sources
over the western Pacific and those outside the study region, but observed
variations in CH2Br2 are determined mainly by sources outside
the western Pacific. Numerical closed-loop experiments show that the spatial
and temporal distribution of boundary layer aircraft data have the potential
to substantially improve current knowledge of these fluxes, with improvements
related to data density. Using the aircraft data, we estimate aggregated
regional fluxes of 3.6±0.3×108 and 0.7±0.1×108 g month−1 for CHBr3 and CH2Br2 over
130–155∘E and 0–12∘ N, respectively, which represent
reductions of 20 %–40 % of the prior inventories by Ordóñez
et al. (2012) and substantial spatial deviations from different a
priori inventories. We find no evidence to support a robust linear
relationship between CHBr3 and CH2Br2 oceanic
emissions, as used by previous studies. We find that over regions with dense
observation coverage, our choice of a priori inventory does not
significantly impact our reported a posteriori flux estimates.
Rainfall disaggregation for hydrological modeling: is there a need for spatial consistence?
Authors: Müller-Thomy Hannes , Wallner Markus , Förster Kristian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this study, the influence of disaggregated rainfall products with
different degrees of spatial consistence on rainfall–runoff modeling results
is analyzed for three mesoscale catchments in Lower Saxony, Germany. For the
disaggregation of daily rainfall time series into hourly values, a
multiplicative random cascade model is applied. The disaggregation is applied
on a station by station basis without consideration of surrounding stations;
hence subsequent steps are then required to implement spatial consistence.
Spatial consistence is represented here by three bivariate spatial rainfall
characteristics that complement each other. A resampling algorithm and a
parallelization approach are evaluated against the disaggregated time series
without any subsequent steps. With respect to rainfall, clear differences
between these three approaches can be identified regarding bivariate spatial
rainfall characteristics, areal rainfall intensities and extreme values. The
resampled time series lead to the best agreement with the observed ones.
Using these different rainfall products as input to hydrological modeling, we
hypothesize that derived runoff statistics – with emphasis on seasonal
extreme values – are subject to similar differences as well. However, an
impact on the extreme values' statistics of the hydrological simulations
forced by different rainfall approaches cannot be detected. Several
modifications of the study design using rainfall–runoff models with and
without parameter calibration or using different rain gauge densities lead to
similar results in runoff statistics. Only if the spatially highly resolved
rainfall–runoff WaSiM model is applied instead of the semi-distributed
HBV-IWW model can slight differences regarding the seasonal peak flows be
identified. Hence, the hypothesis formulated before is rejected in this case
study. These findings suggest that (i) simple model structures might
compensate for deficiencies in spatial representativeness through
parameterization and (ii) highly resolved hydrological models benefit from
improved spatial modeling of rainfall.
Determination of the Perceptions of Sport Manager Candidates Related on the Concept of Manager: A Metaphor Analysis Study
Authors: Kurtipek Serkan , Gungor Nuri Berk 
Published: October 2018

The aim of present study was to determine the perceptions of the candidates of the sport manager on the concept of manager through metaphors. The sample of study consists of a total of 50 sports managers. In order to collect data in the research, a "metaphor form" was prepared to determine the perceptions of sport manager candidates on the concept of manager. In the form of metaphors, the sport manager candidates were asked to complete the sentence "Manager is like ...; because…". In the research, phenomenological design from qualitative research approaches was used. In the analysis of the data, content analysis technique was used. For the reliability of the analysis of the research data, the inter-participants reliability co-efficient was calculated and found to be 91%. By evaluating the data, it was observed that the sport manager candidates produced totally 33 metaphors. All metaphors were collected in 7 different categories. It was determined that the perceptions of the sport manager candidates on the concept of manager mostly “in terms of being indispensable for organizations” category (14 metaphors), “in terms of being authoritarian” category (10 metaphors) and “in terms of being leader” category (8 metaphors). These categories were followed by the categories of “in terms of being a problem solver”, “in terms of unifying”, “in terms of being guide” and “in terms of being fighter”. The most produced metaphors by the sport manager candidates were the Brain, the Leader, the Father, and the Queen Bee. Alive, lifeless, abstract and concrete metaphors were used for the concept of manager.
MODELAGEM DO INCREMENTO DIAMÉTRICO PARA ÁRVORES INDIVIDUAIS DE <i>Araucaria angustifolia </i>(BERTOL.) KUNTZE
Authors: Chassot Tatiane , Fleig Frederico Dimas 
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo formular modelos de incremento diâmetro para árvores individuais de Araucaria angustifolia. Foram utilizadas medições de 262 indivíduos de araucária amostrados nas parcelas permanentes do Projeto Ecológico de Longa Duração – “Conservação e Manejo Sustentável de Ecossistemas Florestais – Bioma Araucária e suas Transições” (PELD – CNPq). Utilizando análise de correlação, covariância e regressão, foram ajustados modelos de incremento, estratificados em função da classe de diâmetro, variável de maior correlação com o incremento em diâmetro. Foi utilizado o incremento periódico anual, calculado com base no incremento em diâmetro dos indivíduos no período analisado. Os modelos resultaram em boas estimativas do incremento, no entanto, apresentaram resíduos com forte tendência.
Accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs on the vertical measurements of dental implants
Authors: APAYDIN Burak Kerem , YASAR Fusun , KİZİLDAG Alper , TAŞDEMİR Osman Ufuk 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Panoramic
radiography (PR) is the most commonly used technique to evaluate the dental and
associated structures. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of
panoramic radiographs (PRDs) in planning of dental implant treatment and the
magnification rate of a panoramic device for anterior, premolar and posterior
regions.Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight patients, who received PRD after implant surgery, were
included to the study. A total of 240 dental implants (53 anterior, 69
premolar, and 118 molar regions) of which previously vertical lengths were
known, were re-measured on post-operative radiographic images using the scaling
tools of the panoramic system to determine the magnification rate and the
accuracy of PRDs. Cause the data had
normal distribution, the paired t test was used for the statistical analysis
(p&lt;0.05). The magnification rate of the three regions was calculated as the
rate of measured vertical length of the implants to the actual vertical length
of the implants. Results: Statistically
significant difference was found between the actual and measured vertical
length of the implants on the PRD (p&lt;0.05). However, the correlation rate
was found close to 1 for all regions.
The difference between the actual and measured vertical length of the
implants on the PRD was 0.50 mm for the anterior region, 0.97 mm for the
premolar region, and 0.83 mm for the molar region. The magnification rate of
the panoramic system corrected by CliniviewTM (Instrumentarium
Corp., Tuusula, FINLAND) software was found around 1 for all the regions.

Conclusions: Due to their readily accessible nature and low radiation dose, PRDs can
be used in implant surgery for vertical measurements with 1 mm confidence
interval.
Low genetic diversity in captive populations of the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) revealed by a panel of novel microsatellites
Authors: Chen Guoling , Zheng Chenqing , Wan Nelson , Liu Daoqiang , Fu Vivian Wing Kan , Yang Xu , Yu Yat-tung , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2018

Background. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure is critically important for the conservation and management of endangered species. These factors are particularly relevant for species with small populations and/or restricted ranges, such as the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush, Garrulax courtoisi, which has only two wild populations left in Wuyuan, Jiangxi and Simao, Yunnan, China.
Methods. In this study, novel microsatellites markers were developed using whole-genome sequencing of the target species. We genotyped 14 and nine individuals from the Oceanic Park of Hong Kong, which are of unknown origin, and the Nanchang Zoo, which were introduced from the wild Wuyuan population, respectively, using the novel microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity of captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations was estimated based on genetic polymorphisms revealed by a new microsatellite data set and mitochondrial sequences.Then, we characterised the population structure using STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of mitochondrial data. Additionally, we quantified genetic relatednessbased on the microsatellite data with ML-Relate.
Results. This is the first study to describe this novel set of 12 microsatellite markers for Blue-crowned Laughingthrush. Our results based on the microsatellite dataset and mitochondrial sequences showed equally low levels of genetic diversity of the two captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations. The population structure analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial data showed some population structuring between these two populations. The average pairwise relatedness coefficient was not significant, and their genetic relatedness was quantified.
Discussion. This study provided a genetic tool which allowed the first estimate of captive population genetic diversity and relatedness for a critically endangered bird species. Furthermore, our results indicate that we cannot exclude the possibility that the origin of the Hong Kong captive population was the wild Wuyuan population. These results provide valuable knowledge that can help improve conservation management and planning for both captive and wild Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations.
Participation in hybrid sketching
Authors: Berg Arild 
Published: October 2018

In the age of digitalisation, the role of the sketch has taken new forms, but it still works as a mediator between people who work to create something together. There is, however, a lack of knowledge about how the sketch can be used as a strategy to increase participation and collaboration in creative processes. Participation in various types of sketching was explored through a case study with a participatory design approach in a public art project for a health centre. The study demonstrated how hybrid materialisations of a sketch have value as a communicative medium. Essential concepts emerged from collaborative learning in fieldwork that created shared understanding based on drawing experiments. The concepts contribute to a typology of hybrid sketches used as creativity skills in the expanded field of art.

Keywords: Collaborative learning, participatory design, artistic research, drawing in the expanded field, management of creative processes
Når tilskueren tegner
Authors: Kramer Hilde 
Published: October 2018

Etter 2. verdenskrig har vitnebeskrivelser og fotografier dominert spredningen av kunnskap om holocaust. Bakgrunnen for artikkelen er utfordringer rundt formidling av disse hendelsene i vår tid. Innledningsvis poengteres viktigheten av å opprettholde formidling av holocaust. Teksten henter eksempler fra resepsjonsteori, og etterspør nye måter å fremme tilskuerens aktive engasjement. Den historiske bakgrunnen forklares. Gjennom en serie workshoper utprøves en fenomenologisk tilnærming gjennom tegning for å minnes ofre av holocaust. Tre eksempler fra workshopene viser ulike deltakeres tilnærming, samt mulige utfordringer. Resultater av workshopene, observasjoner og tilbakemeldinger diskuteres underveis. Artikkelen vil ta opp utfordringer ved prosjektet og mulige feilkilder man kan støte på. Observasjoner av og tilbakemeldinger fra deltakerne i workshopene ser ut til å bekrefte at en innpakket stein med et nummer fungerte forløsende for flertallet fra posisjonen som passiv betrakter til aktiv, etterforskende tegner.

Nøkkelord: kunstnerisk utviklingsarbeid, tegning, holocaust, deltakerbasert minnekultur, formidlingsmetoder, resepsjonsteori
Exploration of the involvement of LncRNA in HIV-associated encephalitis using bioinformatics
Authors: Li Diangeng , Bao Pengtao , Yin Zhiwei , Sun Lei , Feng Jin , He Zheng , Jin Meiling , Liu Changting 
Published: October 2018

Background
HIV-associated encephalitis (HIVE) is one of the common complications of HIV infection, and the pathogenesis of HIVE remains unclear, while lncRNA might be involved it. In this study, we made re-annotation on the expression profiling from the HIVE study in the public database, identified the lncRNA that might be involved in HIVE, and explored the possible mechanism.

Methods
In the GEO public database, the microarray expression profile (GSE35864) of three regions of brain tissues (white matter, frontal cortex and basal ganglia brain tissues) was chosen, updated annotation was performed to construct the non-cording-RNA (ncRNA) microarray data. Morpheus was used to identify the differential expressed ncRNA, and Genbank of NCBI was used to identify lncRNAs. The StarBase, PITA and miRDB databases were used to predict the target miRNAs of lncRNA. The TargetScan, PicTar and MiRanda databases were used to predict the target genes of miRNAs. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis were used to make function analysis on the targets genes.

Results
Seventeen differentially expressed lncRNAs were observed in the white matter of brain tissues, for which 352 target miRNAs and 6,659 target genes were predicted. The GO function analysis indicated that the lncRNAs were mainly involved in the nuclear transcription and translation processes. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes were significantly enriched in 33 signal pathways, of which 11 were clearly related to the nervous system function.

Discussion
The brand-new and different microarray results can be obtained through the updated annotation of the chips, and it is feasible to identify lncRNAs from ordinary chips. The results suggest that lncRNA may be involved in the occurrence and development of HIVE, which provides a new direction for further research on the diagnosis and treatment of HIVE.
Power sharing adaptive control strategy for a microgrid with multiple storage and renewable energy sources
Authors: Sedaghati Reza , Shakarami Mahmoud Reza 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith the rapid growth of single‐phase renewable energy source units within three‐phase microgrids, the accuracy of the power sharing per phase among distributed generation (DG) units is necessary. This paper proposes an adaptive power control strategy based on new sliding mode control for islanding operation of a microgrid with multiple three‐phase and single‐phase DGs. The studied microgrid consists of two three‐phase photovoltaic (PV) arrays and three single‐phase DG units, which include PV, fuel cell, and battery systems. In order to control the three‐phase DGs properly, an observer is used to estimate the uncertain system parameters. Then, according to the estimated values, a controller is adapted to the new system conditions. In this control strategy, one of the three‐phase PV arrays is responsible for adjusting the voltage and frequency, and the other is responsible for controlling the load current to manage the power of three‐phase inverters. To control the single‐phase DGs, their power and voltage references are assigned based on the corresponding phase of the three‐phase DGs responsible for power and voltage control. Subsequently, the power and voltage control operation is performed in a per‐unit system. The proposed control strategy is strongly stable against variation of conditions, disturbances, and microgrid parameter uncertainties, and it regulates the active and reactive powers injected by DGs. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is validated using simulation studies on a multibus islanded microgrid with balanced and unbalanced loading conditions via MATLAB/Simulink software. The results indicate that the proposed approach is able to provide faster response and lower steady‐state error compared with the conventional proportional integral controller.
Room‐Temperature Ultrabroadband Photodetection with MoS2 by Electronic‐Structure Engineering Strategy
Authors: Xie Ying , Liang Fei , Wang Dong , Chi Shumeng , Yu Haohai , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Huaijin , Chen Yanxue , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhotodetection using semiconductors is critical for capture, identification, and processing of optical information. Nowadays, broadband photodetection is limited by the underdeveloped mid‐IR photodetection at room temperature (RT), primarily as a result of the large dark currents unavoidably generated by the Fermi–Dirac distribution in narrow‐bandgap semiconductors, which constrains the development of some modern technologies and systems. Here, an electronic‐structure strategy is proposed for designing ultrabroadband covering mid‐ and even far‐IR photodetection materials operating at RT and a layered MoS2 is manifested with an engineered bandgap of 0.13 eV and modulated electronic state density. The sample is designed by introducing defect energy levels into layered MoS2 and its RT photodetection is demonstrated for wavelengths from 445 nm to 9.5 µm with an electronic state density‐dependent peak photoresponsivity of 21.8 mA W−1 in the mid‐IR region, the highest value among all known photodetectors. This material should be a promising candidate for modern optoelectronic devices and offers inspiration for the design of other optoelectronic materials.
Label‐Free High‐Throughput Leukemia Detection by Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Ugele Matthias , Weniger Markus , Stanzel Manfred , Bassler Michael , Krause Stefan W. , Friedrich Oliver , Hayden Oliver , Richter Lukas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComplete blood count and differentiation of leukocytes (DIFF) belong to the most frequently performed laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, a flow cytometry‐based method for label‐free DIFF of untouched leukocytes by digital holographic microscopy on the rich phase contrast of peripheral leukocyte images, using highly controlled 2D hydrodynamic focusing conditions is reported. Principal component analysis of morphological characteristics of the reconstructed images allows classification of nine leukocyte types, in addition to different types of leukemia and demonstrates disappearance of acute myeloid leukemia cells in remission. To exclude confounding effects, the classification strategy is tested by the analysis of 20 blinded clinical samples. Here, 70% of the specimens are correctly classified with further 20% classifications close to a correct diagnosis. Taken together, the findings indicate a broad clinical applicability of the cytometry method for automated and reagent‐free diagnosis of hematological disorders.