bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is HOT and who is LOT? Detailed characterization of prescription opioid‐induced changes in behavior between 129P3/J and 129S1/SvlmJ mouse substrains
Authors: Szumlinski Karen K. , Coelho Michal A. , Tran Tori , Stailey Nicholas , Lieberman Dylan , Gabriella Ivette , Swauncy Isaiah , Brewin Lindsey W. , Ferdousian Sami 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetic factors are theorized to contribute to the substantial inter‐individual variability in opioid abuse/addiction. To advance the behavioral genetics of prescription opioid abuse, our prior work identified the 129S1/SvlmJ (S1) and related 129P3/J (P3) mouse substrains, respectively, as low and high opioid‐taking. Herein, we related our prior results to measures of sucrose reward/reinforcement, basal anxiety, opioid‐induced place‐conditioning, locomotor activity and Straub tail reaction, as well as behavioral and physiological signs of withdrawal. Substrains were also re‐examined for higher‐dose oxycodone and fentanyl intake under limited‐access drinking procedures. S1 mice failed to acquire sucrose self‐administration under various operant‐conditioning procedures and exhibited lower sucrose intake in the home‐cage. However, sucrose intake under limited‐access procedures escalated in both substrains with repeated sucrose experience. S1 mice exhibited less spontaneous locomotor activity, as well as less opioid‐induced locomotor activity and Straub tail reaction, than P3 mice and failed to exhibit an oxycodone‐induced place‐preference. The lack of conditioned behavior by S1 mice was unrelated to behavioral signs of withdrawal‐induced negative affect or dependence severity, but might reflect high levels of basal anxiety‐like behavior. Intriguingly, S1 and P3 mice initially exhibited equivalent oxycodone and fentanyl consumption in the home‐cage; however opioid intake escalated only in P3 mice with repeated opioid experience. No sex differences were observed for any of our measures. These data provide additional evidence for robust differences in opioid addiction‐related behaviors between P3 and S1 substrains and suggest that anxiety, learning, and/or motivational impairments might confound interpretation of operant‐ and place‐conditioning studies employing the S1 substrain.
Evaluating the “return on patient engagement initiatives” in medicines research and development: A literature review
Authors: Vat Lidewij Eva , Finlay Teresa , Jan Schuitmaker‐Warnaar Tjerk , Fahy Nick , Robinson Paul , Boudes Mathieu , Diaz Ana , Ferrer Elisa , Hivert Virginie , Purman Gabor , Kürzinger Marie‐Laure , Kroes Robert A. , Hey Claudia , Broerse Jacqueline E.W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundShowing how engagement adds value for all stakeholders can be an effective motivator for broader implementation of patient engagement. However, it is unclear what methods can best be used to evaluate patient engagement. This paper is focused on ways to evaluate patient engagement at three decision‐making points in the medicines research and development process: research priority setting, clinical trial design and early dialogues with regulators and health technology assessment bodies.ObjectiveOur aim was to review the literature on monitoring and evaluation of patient engagement, with a focus on indicators and methods.Search strategy and inclusion criteriaWe undertook a scoping literature review using a systematic search, including academic and grey literature with a focus on evaluation approaches or outcomes associated with patient engagement. No date limits were applied other than a cut‐off of publications after July 2018.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted from 91 publications, coded and thematically analysed.Main resultsA total of 18 benefits and 5 costs of patient engagement were identified, mapped with 28 possible indicators for their evaluation. Several quantitative and qualitative methods were found for the evaluation of benefits and costs of patient engagement.Discussion and conclusionsCurrently available indicators and methods are of some use in measuring impact but are not sufficient to understand the pathway to impact, nor whether interaction between researchers and patients leads to change. We suggest that the impacts of patient engagement can best be determined not by applying single indicators, but a coherent set of measures.
Aphid cards – Useful model for assessing predation rates or bias prone nonsense?
Authors: Boetzl Fabian A. , Konle Antonia , Krauss Jochen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPredation on pest organisms is an essential ecosystem function supporting yields in modern agriculture. However, assessing predation rates is intricate, and they can rarely be linked directly to predator densities or functions. We tested whether sentinel prey aphid cards are useful tools to assess predation rates in the field. Therefore, we looked at aphid cards of different sizes on the ground level as well as within the vegetation. Additionally, by trapping ground‐dwelling predators, we examined whether obtained predation rates could be linked to predator densities and traits. Predation rates recorded with aphid cards were independent of aphid card size. However, predation rates on the ground level were three times higher than within the vegetation. We found both predatory carabid activity densities as well as community weighted mean body size to be good predictors for predation rates. Predation rates obtained from aphid cards are stable over card type and related to predator assemblages. Aphid cards, therefore, are a useful, efficient method for rapidly assessing the ecosystem function predation. Their use might especially be recommended for assessments on the ground level and when time and resource limitations rule out more elaborate sentinel prey methods using exclosures with living prey animals.
Pharmacokinetics of hydroxyzine and cetirizine following oral administration of hydroxyzine to exercised Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Weiner Daniel , Steinmetz Stacy , Flynn Katherine , McKemie Daniel S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydroxyzine is a first‐generation antihistamine and cetirizine, a second‐generation antihistamine and active metabolite of hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is commonly used in performance horses and as such its use in closely regulated; however, there are no published studies suitable for establishing appropriate regulatory recommendations. In the current study, 12 exercised Thoroughbred research horses received a single oral administration of 500 mg of hydroxyzine. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and up to 96 hr postdrug administration and concentrations of hydroxyzine and cetirizine determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A joint parent/metabolite population 2‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with first‐order absorption and elimination was utilized to describe the pharmacokinetics of both compounds. Serum hydroxyzine and cetirizine concentrations were above the limit of quantitation (0.1 ng/ml) of the assay at 96 hr (the last time point sampled). The terminal half‐life was 7.41 and 7.13 hr for hydroxyzine and cetirizine, respectively. Findings from this study suggest that a prolonged withdrawal time should be observed if this compound is used in performance administered to performance horses and is classified as prohibited substance by the applicable regulatory body.
Pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone in layer chickens following oral and intravenous administration
Authors: Iqbal Sehrish , Javeed Aqeel , Sattar Adeel , Tanvir Rabia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of Nigella sativa and known to possess a variety of pharmacological effects. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of TQ following oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration in layer chickens. The layer chickens were equally divided into two groups (six chickens in each group, total 12 chickens), and TQ was administered via PO and IV routes. For PO route, the dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. and for IV route, 5 mg/kg b.w. was administered, respectively. A sensitive and accurate High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was validated for the quantification of TQ from plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml, respectively with >80% recovery. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) following PO and IV administration was 8.805 and 4.497 µg/ml, respectively, while time to reach at maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1 and 0.1 hr, respectively. The elimination half‐lives were recorded as 1.02 and 0.978 hr, whereas the mean residence times were 1.79 and 1.036 hr following both PO and IV administration, respectively. The 85% PO bioavailability was indicative that TQ could be used for various therapeutic purposes in layer chickens.
Further Results on the Weak Instruments Problem of the System GMM Estimator in Dynamic Panel Data Models
Authors: Hayakawa Kazuhiko , Qi Meng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the weak instruments problem of the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic panel data models. Specifically, we complement Bun and Windmeijer (2010) by considering the alternative first‐difference and level models transformed by the forward GLS transformation. We demonstrate that this transformation yields a higher concentration parameter compared with the original models. This indicates that the proposed transformation yields stronger instruments even though the instruments used are identical. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the system GMM estimator for the transformed model, called the forward system GMM estimator, performs better than the conventional system GMM estimator.
Limb Salvage Using Non‐hinged Endoprosthesis and Staged Correction of Leg‐length Discrepancy for Children with Distal Femoral Malignant Tumors
Authors: Ji Tao , Yang Yi , Li Da‐sen , Tang Xiao‐dong , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveLimb salvage in pediatric patients remains a challenge. We describe a staged strategy. The procedure includes: (i) tumor removal and non‐hinged static endoprosthesis reconstruction; (ii) leg length discrepancy (LLD) correction by shoe lift or distraction osteogenesis; and (iii) maturity reconstruction by regular endoprosthesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the results of non‐hinged static megaprosthesis reconstruction and staged LLD correction in the treatment of malignant tumors in the distal femur in children.MethodsNon‐hinged megaprostheses were implanted in 12 pediatric patients with osteosarcoma in the distal femur. The prosthesis consists of a femoral component with constrained condylar knee (CCK) design, and a tibial component with a small‐diameter press‐fit stem and derotation fins. A posterior stabilizing polyethylene component is fixed on the tibial component. The cases were prospectively followed up with focus on the growth rate of adjacent uninvolved bone in the salvaged limb, joint stability, knee stability, function outcome, length discrepancy, and surgery‐related complications.ResultsThere were five girls and seven boys included in the study, with an average age at the time of primary surgery of 10.0 years (range, 8–12 years). All the tumors were located in the distal femur. The average follow up was 76.3 months (range, 24–139 months). The Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) ligament was used in two patients to enhance the soft tissue reattachment and reconstruct medial collateral ligament (MCL). Ten patients were alive at the final follow‐up and two had died of lung metastases. Expected LLD was 6.7 cm (range, 3.0–13.2 cm) at initial surgery. At the final follow‐up, nine patients reached skeletal maturity and the actual LLD at the femur was 5.3 cm (range, 3.0–10.1 cm), excluding 1 cm correction at initial surgery by endoprosthesis. The proximal tibia physis showed an average of 86.7% (range, 56.5%–100%) growth of the contralateral side. The mean reduction in tibial length was 1.2 cm (range, 0.5–4.7 cm). Six patients received distraction osteogenesis at a mean length of 5.4 cm (range, 3.0–9.1 cm). Range of knee movement was between 85° and 125°, with an average of 102.5°. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 score of patients alive was 80.6 (range, 60–90).ConclusionNon‐hinged static megaprosthesis followed by LLD correction with shoe lift or staged distraction osteogenesis appears to be an alternative option to treat children with malignant bone tumors around the knee.
Quit Happens: A community clinic‐based, multitiered smoking cessation intervention
Authors: Shishani Kawkab , Graves Janessa M. , McGowan Paige , Lockwood William , Nystrom Melissa , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the “Quit Happens” program launched to reduce tobacco use in low‐income populations in a federally qualified nonprofit health center with clinics in Washington and Idaho. Quit Happens was implemented in 2015 and involved a public health nurse, patient, provider, clinic, health system, and community components.Design and sampleThis smoking cessation program was assessed using a pre–post evaluation design. Nine clinics in a single system of federally qualified nonprofit health centers participated in this program.InterventionThe Quit Happens program was implemented across nine clinics in Washington and Idaho. A specialized public health nurse led the tobacco cessation training of all clinic staff and assisted with development of the smoking cessation program. The 5A model was used as the framework for the training.MeasurementsThe proportion of patients identifying as a current or former smoker was measured using data extracted from electronic health records.ResultsDeclines in patient reports of currently smoking were observed between 2016 and 2018. The percent of current smokers identified in electronic health records decreased 18.7% and percent of former smokers doubled.ConclusionThis community‐based tobacco cessation program had wide clinic and community support and self‐reported smoking behavior declined over time. A public health nurse's leadership in offering training and program development around tobacco cessation to a local community organization can contribute to reductions in smoking rates.
Blood transfusion for deep space exploration
Authors: Nowak Elizabeth S. , Reyes David P. , Bryant Barbara J. , Cap Andrew P. , Kerstman Eric L. , Antonsen Erik L. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDAstronauts on exploration missions may be at risk for traumatic injury and medical conditions that lead to life threatening hemorrhage. Resuscitation protocols are limited by the austere conditions of spaceflight. Solutions may be found in low‐resource terrestrial settings. The existing literature on alternative blood product administration and walking blood banks was evaluated for applicability to spaceflight.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA literature review was done using PubMed and Google Scholar. References were crosschecked for additional publications not identified using the initial search terms. Twenty‐seven articles were identified, including three controlled trials, six retrospective cohort analyses, 15 reviews, one case report, and two experimental studies.RESULTSSolutions to blood transfusion in austere settings include lyophilized blood products, hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), and fresh whole blood. Many of these products are investigational. Protocols for walking blood banks include methods for screening and activating donors, transfusion, and monitoring for adverse reactions. Microgravity and mission limitations create additional challenges for transfusion, including baseline physiologic changes, difficulty reconstituting lyophilized products, risk of air emboli during transfusion, equipment constraints, and limited evacuation and surgical options.CONCLUSIONMedical planning for space exploration should consider the possibility of acute blood loss. A model for “floating” blood banks based on terrestrial walking blood bank protocols from austere environments is presented, with suggestions for future development. Constraints on volume, mass, storage, and crew, present challenges to blood transfusion in space and must be weighed against the benefits of expanding medical capabilities.
CH Kinetics Measurements and Their Importance for Modeling Prompt NOx Formation in Gas Turbines
Authors: Cooper Sean P. , Mulvihill Clayton R. , Mathieu Olivier , Petersen Eric L. , Crofton Mark W. , Lam King Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent work by the authors and others has uncovered the need for further chemical kinetic-related modeling and experiments, specifically for NOx kinetics at engine conditions. In particular, data on CH formation at realistic combustion conditions are needed for further refinement of the prompt-NOx kinetics. To this end, a series of shock-tube experiments to obtain CH concentration time histories at elevated temperatures was performed behind reflected shock waves at the Aerospace Corporation using a tunable laser. This Ti-Sapphire laser was operated in the near infrared at about 854 nm; blue light at 426.9 nm was obtained using an external, frequency-doubling crystal. The resulting light was used in a differential absorption setup with common-mode rejection to measure CH time histories. New measurements in CH4–C2H6–O2 mixtures highly diluted in argon were performed at temperatures between 1890 K and 2719 K. These new data are compared to several modern, detailed chemical kinetics mechanisms with updated NOx submechanisms. Sensitivity and rate of production analyses at the shock-tube conditions along with a gas turbine model are used to elucidate the current state of affairs in CH prediction by the literature models and its effect on NOx production, particularly through the prompt mechanism. A brief discussion of the chemical kinetics for an important reaction in the production of CH is also presented to emphasize the need for further study and refinement of reactions leading to CH production.
Structures of Skin Friction, Surface Pressure, and Boundary Enstrophy Flux in Attachment-Line Flow
Authors: Liu Tianshu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The on-wall structures in an attachment-line flow are discussed based on an exact solution of the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations, focusing on distinct features of skin friction, surface pressure, and boundary enstrophy flux (BEF) and intrinsic connections between them.
A Metamodeling Approach for Instant Severity Assessment and Uncertainty Quantification of Iliac Artery Stenoses
Authors: Heinen S. G. H. , Gashi K. , van den Heuvel D. A. F , de Vries J. P. P. M. , van de Vosse F. N. , Delhaas T. , Huberts W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) models of blood flow in stenosed arteries can be used to patient-specifically predict outcome metrics, thereby supporting the physicians in decision making processes. However, these models are time consuming which limits the feasibility of output uncertainty quantification (UQ). Accurate surrogates (metamodels) might be the solution. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion-based metamodel to predict a clinically relevant output metric and to quantify the output uncertainty. As an example, a metamodel was constructed from a recently developed 2D model that was shown to be able to estimate translesional pressure drops in iliac artery stenoses (−0.9 ± 12.7 mmHg, R2 = 0.81). The metamodel was constructed from a virtual database using the adaptive generalized polynomial chaos expansion (agPCE) method. The constructed metamodel was then applied to 25 stenosed iliac arteries to predict the patient-specific pressure drop and to perform UQ. Comparing predicted pressure drops of the metamodel and in vivo measured pressure drops, the mean bias (−0.2 ± 13.7 mmHg) and the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.80) were as good as of the original 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. UQ results of the 2D and metamodel were comparable. Estimation of the uncertainty interval using the original 2D model took 14 days, whereas the result of the metamodel was instantly available. In conclusion, it is feasible to quantify the uncertainty of the output metric and perform sensitivity analysis (SA) instantly using a metamodel. Future studies should investigate the possibility to construct a metamodel of more complex problems.
A Normative Database of Hip and Knee Joint Biomechanics During Dynamic Tasks Using Four Functional Methods With Three Functional Calibration Tasks
Authors: Bennett Hunter J. , Valenzuela Kevin A. , Fleenor Kristina , Weinhandl Joshua T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although predicted hip joint center (HJC) locations are known to vary widely between functional methods, no previous investigation has detailed functional method-dependent hip and knee biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to define a normative database of hip joint biomechanics during dynamic movements based upon functional HJC methods and calibration tasks. Thirty healthy young adults performed arc, star arc, and two-sided calibration tasks. Motion capture and ground reaction forces were collected during walking, running, and single-leg landings (SLLs). Two sphere-fit (geometric and algebraic) and two coordinate transformation techniques were implemented using each calibration (12 total method–calibration combinations). Surprisingly, the geometric fit-two-sided model placed the HJC at the midline of the pelvis and above the iliac spines, and thus was removed from analyses. A database of triplanar hip and knee kinematics and hip moments and powers was constructed using the mean of all subjects for the eleven method–calibration combinations. A nested analysis of variance approach compared calibration [method] peak hip kinematics and kinetics. Most method differences existed between geometric fit and coordinate transformations (58 of 84 total). No arc-star arc differences were found. Thirty-two differences were found between the two-sided and arc/star arc calibrations. This database of functional method based hip and knee biomechanics serves as an important reference point for interstudy comparisons. Overall, this study illustrates that functional HJC method can dramatically impact hip biomechanics and should be explicitly detailed in future work.