bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability evaluation of large‐scale farmland transfer on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi, China
Authors: Zhou Xue , Chen Wei , Wang Yanan , Zhang Daojun , Wang Qian , Zhao Minjuan , Xia Xianli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvaluating the regional agricultural resource endowment is an important basis for the use and management of farmland. Large‐scale farmland transfer is regarded as the prerequisite for the development of modern agriculture or scaled‐up agriculture production. However, few studies have considered the suitability evaluation of large‐scale farmland transfer in severely degraded and ecologically fragile areas. In this study, the suitability of the comprehensive quality and landscape connectivity for large‐scale farmland transfer (LFT) in Zichang County was explored. The results showed that the quality of farmland in the east and midwest was generally higher than that in other areas. High‐connectivity and moderate‐connectivity farmland were scattered along the valley pain of the Xiuyan River. Based on the evaluation results, three suitable land use types for LFT were classified. Approximately 53% (14,210 ha) of farmland distributed in eastern and midwestern Zichang County were classified as suitable for large‐scale arable land transfer; 39% (10,261 ha) concentrated in the northwestern gully zones were suitable for large‐scale garden land transfer; and 8% (1993 ha) mainly located in the north‐central and southwestern parts were unsuitable for LFT. The results are helpful for identifying suitable land use types for LFT, thus promoting rational and efficient land use.
Seasonal and vertical dynamics in the trophic structure of a temperate zooplankton assemblage
Authors: Romero‐Romero Sonia , González‐Gil Ricardo , Cáceres Carlos , Acuña José Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe determined the stable nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N values) and body size of taxonomic groups in a zooplankton community in the Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay) to explore seasonal and depth (0–2000 m) variations in the size‐based trophic structure and their coupling to the production cycle. The positive linear relationship between δ15N values and log‐transformed body size reflects the dominance of new vs. regenerated production. The slope of the relationship (b) is high during productive periods and low when herbivory declines and the food web is more dependent on recycled production. This variation can be attributed to high δ15N values of the smallest plankton after repetitive cycles of microbial degradation. Downward transport of organic matter after the spring phytoplankton bloom was captured by a steady variation from low values of b at the surface to high values at the bathypelagic zone, where the imprint of the spring production pulse could be detected. Variation in b reveals that the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zooplankton communities are as dynamic as their epipelagic counterparts. This shows the efficiency of δ15N vs. body size relationships to capture fast, transient ecosystem processes without need for lengthy incubations or complex rate measurements.
Copepod respiration increases by 7% per °C increase in temperature: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heine Kyle B. , Abebe Ash , Wilson Alan E. , Hood Wendy R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExponential increase in respiration rate with increasing temperature in poikilotherms is well documented, however, the rate of change varies greatly across copepod taxa. Studies often report magnitude of change, but the rate of change in respiration across multiple temperatures is equivocal. We used 32 studies spanning 78 yrs of research and 50 copepod species (three orders) to quantify percent change in respiration rates per one‐unit change in temperature. We found that copepod respiration rates increased by approximately 7% per °C increase in water temperature across the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida. Neither food availability nor scaling respiration to copepod dry weight affected the rate of change of respiration rates. Studies using Winkler titration to measure oxygen consumption produced significantly larger percent changes in respiration, whereas newer methods such as fiber optics produced smaller effects. These results have far reaching implications for understanding how copepod respiration responds to increasing water temperatures.
Designing a program evaluation for a medical‐dental service for adults with autism and intellectual disabilities using the RE‐AIM framework
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Klag Malvina , Shikako‐Thomas Keiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionRobust evaluation of service models can improve the quality and efficiency of care while articulating the models for potential replication. Even though it is an essential part of learning health systems, evaluations that benchmark and sustain models serving adults with developmental disabilities are lacking, impeding pilot programs from becoming official care pathways. Here, we describe the development of a program evaluation for a specialized medical‐dental community clinic serving adults with autism and intellectual disabilities in Montreal, Canada.MethodUsing a Participatory Action‐oriented approach, researchers and staff co‐designed an evaluation for a primary care service for this population. We performed an evaluability assessment to identify the processes and outcomes that were feasible to capture and elicited perspectives at both clinical and health system levels. The RE‐AIM framework was used to categorize and select tools to capture data elements that would inform practice at the clinic.ResultsWe detail the process of conceptualizing the evaluation framework and operationalizing the domains using a mixed‐methods approach. Our experience demonstrated (1) the utility of a comprehensive framework that captures contextual factors in addition to clinical outcomes, (2) the need for validated measures that are not cumbersome for everyday practice, (3) the importance of understanding the functional needs of the organization and building a sustainable data infrastructure that addresses those needs, and (4) the need to commit to an evolving, “living” evaluation in a dynamic health system.ConclusionsEvaluation employing rigorous patient‐centered and systems‐relevant metrics can help organizations effectively implement and continuously improve service models. Using an established framework and a collaborative approach provides an important blueprint for a program evaluation in a learning health system. This work provides insight into the process of integrating care for vulnerable populations with chronic conditions in health care systems and integrated knowledge generation processes between research and health systems.
Novel, Printable Energetic Polymers
Authors: Sevilia Sagi , Yong Matthew , Grinstein Dan , Gottlieb Levi , Eichen Yoav 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNovel, simple‐to‐make energetic mono‐ and bisvinylimidazolium perchlorate monomers are prepared and characterized. These energetic monomers offer the possibility to 3D print energetic polymers that may allow decreasing the content of the energetic filler in energetic devices without compromising their energetic properties. The new printable materials are suited for photocuring‐based additive manufacturing (AM), techniques, offering not only a large degree of control over the mechanical and energetic properties of the resulting solids, but also the production of complex geometries at high resolution.
Rheological Characterization of Biomaterials Directs Additive Manufacturing of Strontium‐Substituted Bioactive Glass/Polycaprolactone Microfibers
Authors: Paxton Naomi C. , Ren Jiongyu , Ainsworth Madison J. , Solanki Anu K. , Jones Julian R. , Allenby Mark C. , Stevens Molly M. , Woodruff Maria A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing via melt electrowriting (MEW) can create ordered microfiber scaffolds relevant for bone tissue engineering; however, there remain limitations in the adoption of new printing materials, especially in MEW of biomaterials. For example, while promising composite formulations of polycaprolactone with strontium‐substituted bioactive glass have been processed into large or disordered fibres, from what is known, biologically‐relevant concentrations (>10 wt%) have never been printed into ordered microfibers using MEW. In this study, rheological characterization is used in combination with a predictive mathematical model to optimize biomaterial formulations and MEW conditions required to extrude various PCL and PCL/SrBG biomaterials to create ordered scaffolds. Previously, MEW printing of PCL/SrBG composites with 33 wt% glass required unachievable extrusion pressures. The composite formulation is modified using an evaporable solvent to reduce viscosity 100‐fold to fall within the predicted MEW pressure, temperature, and voltage tolerances, which enabled printing. This study reports the first fabrication of reproducible, ordered high‐content bioactive glass microfiber scaffolds by applying predictive modeling.
Trochanteric area reconstruction with free flap using perforators as recipients: An alternative and effective option
Authors: Kim Jun Hyeok , Kwon Hyo Jeong , Moon Suk‐Ho , Oh Deuk Young , Jun Young‐Joon , Rhie Jong Won 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundReconstructing soft tissue defect on the trochanteric area is challenging. Due to the significant complications associated with regional flap, free tissue transfer is an appropriate option. However, this area has poor recipient vessels. Therefore, we present perforators as suitable recipient vessels to facilitate the use of free flap coverage for the successful reconstruction of defects in the trochanteric area.Patients and methodsFrom 2013 to 2017, 10 patients underwent free flap reconstruction for soft tissue defects of the trochanteric area. After preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging images confirmed the enhanced perforating artery, the skin site was identified by Doppler. If the vessel was confirmed as reliable, the operation was performed in the same manner as for other free flaps.ResultsAll of the flaps survived, and the perforators selected for surgery included four superficial circumflex iliac artery perforators, four tensor fasciae latae artery perforators, and two inferior gluteal artery perforators. The average diameter of the recipient artery was 0.97 mm and that of the vein was 0.94 mm. One case exhibited arterial insufficiency caused by compression of hematoma; however, complete flap survival was achieved in this case with revised surgery.ConclusionReconstructing soft tissue defects in the trochanteric area is limited in recipient vessels. However, using a perforator vessel as a recipient facilitates the reconstruction by free flap coverage. This method leads to acceptable flap survival and sufficient padding, with reduced morbidity and collateral injury.
Wettbewerb: Autonomes Fahren mit Chemie
Authors: Blicker Luca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBeim Chemcar‐Wettbewerb 2018 in Aachen traten selbstgebaute Fahrzeuge gegeneinander an. Teams von Hochschulen aus dem In‐ und Ausland nutzten chemische Reaktionen, um ihre Wagen anzutreiben und nach einer bestimmten Strecke anzuhalten.
Neue lichtaktivierte Wirkstoffe
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchon jetzt therapieren Ärzte photodynamisch. Dabei aktiviert Licht im Körper einen Wirkstoff, der Singulett‐Sauerstoff erzeugen kann. Eine neue Variante der Lichttherapie, die photoaktivierte Chemotherapie, soll in Zukunft lichtempfindliche metallorganische Komplexe nutzen und Wirkmechanismen erschließen, die ohne Sauerstoff funktionieren.
Autonomic dysregulation at multiple sites is implicated in age‐associated underactive bladder in female mice
Authors: de Oliveira Mariana Gonçalves , Alexandre Eduardo Costa , Bonilla‐Becerra Sandra Milena , Bertollotto Gabriela Maria , Justo Alberto Fernando Oliveira , Mónica Fabiola Zakia , Antunes Edson 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the functional and molecular alterations of contractile and relaxant machinery in the bladder and urethra that lead to the underactive bladder (UAB) in old female mice.MethodsFemale young (3‐months) and old (18‐months) C57BL/6 mice were used. Urodynamic was assessed in awake and anaesthetized mice. Electrical‐field stimulation (EFS) and concentration‐response curves to contractile and relaxing agents in isolated bladders and urethras were performed. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of muscarinic, adrenergic, and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐4 (TRPV4), and of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were determined. Bladder cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured.ResultsCystometry in old mice showed incapacity to produce bladder emptying. On filter paper, old mice showed reduced urinary spots. Compared to the young group, bladder contractions induced by EFS and carbachol were lower in old mice. The β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron promoted higher bladder relaxation and elevation of cAMP levels in old mice. In old mice urethras, the α1a‐adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine produced higher contractions, but no differences were found for the NO donor sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxations. In old mice, increased mRNA expressions of β3‐ and α1a‐adrenoceptors in bladder and urethra were found, respectively, whereas the muscarinic M2 and M3 receptors and β2‐adrenoceptors did not change between groups. Reduced mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and nNOS were found in old mouse urethras. Additionally, TRPV4 expression was reduced in bladder urothelium from old mice.ConclusionAge‐associated mouse UAB is the result of autonomic dysfunction at multiple levels leading to the less sensitive and overrelaxed bladder, along with urethral hypercontractility.
A flow handover protocol to support state migration in softwarized networks
Authors: Peuster Manuel , Küttner Hannes , Karl Holger 
Published: April 2019

SummarySoftwarized networks are the key enabler for elastic, on‐demand service deployments of virtualized network functions. They allow to dynamically steer traffic through the network when new network functions are instantiated, or old ones are terminated. These scenarios become in particular challenging when stateful functions are involved, necessitating state management solutions to migrate state between the functions. The problem with existing solutions is that they typically embrace state migration and flow rerouting jointly, imposing a huge set of requirements on the on‐boarded virtualized network functions (VNFs), eg, solution‐specific state management interfaces.To change this, we introduce the seamless handover protocol (SHarP). An easy‐to‐use, loss‐less, and order‐preserving flow rerouting mechanism that is not fixed to a single state management approach. Using SHarP, VNF vendors are empowered to implement or use the state management solution of their choice. SHarP supports these solutions with additional information when flows are migrated. In this paper, we present SHarP's design, its open source prototype implementation, and show how SHarP significantly reduces the buffer usage at a central (SDN) controller, which is a typical bottleneck in state‐of‐the‐art solutions. Our experiments show that SHarP uses a constant amount of controller buffer, irrespective of the time taken to migrate the VNF state.
Cardiac conditions in pregnancy and the role of midwives: A discussion paper
Authors: Millington Sandra , Magarey Judith , Dekker Gustaaf A. , Clark Robyn A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThis paper provides an overview of the two broad categories of cardiac conditions observed in pregnancy (congenital and acquired). It also identifies the midwives' role in the childbirth continuum and includes assessment, track and trigger systems and management during labour and delivery.DesignDiscussion paper.MethodsData were collected by reviewing international evidence and by searching computerized databases.ResultsResearch has identified that women with associated risk factors of a cardiac condition who delay pregnancy have an increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular complications in pregnancy with poorer outcomes. The Three Ps in a Pod clinical initiative in the United Kingdom highlights working as a team in multidisciplinary programmes to improve mothers' care and save lives. Midwives play a key role during pregnancy and need to be appraised in relation to cardiovascular disease observed in pregnancy, its potential risks and anticipated problems and within the continuum of care.
Bile Diversion Improves Metabolic Phenotype Dependent on Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR)
Authors: Pierre Joseph F. , Li Yuxin , Gomes Charles K. , Rao Prahlad , Chang Eugene B. , Yin Deng Ping 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe current study investigated whether bile diversion (BD) improves metabolic phenotype under farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency.MethodsBD was performed in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed FXR knockout (FXRko) and wild‐type (WT) animals. Metabolic phenotypes, circulating enteroendocrine hormones, total bile acids (BAs) and BA composition, and cecal gut microbiota were analyzed.ResultsFXR‐deficient mice were resistant to HFD‐induced obesity; however, FXR‐deficient mice also developed hyperglycemia and exhibited increased liver weight, liver steatosis, and circulating triglycerides. BD increased circulating total BAs and taurine‐b‐muricholic acid, which were in line with normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in HFD‐fed WT mice. FXR deficiency also increased total BAs and taurine‐b‐muricholic acid, but these animals remained hyperglycemic. While BD improved metabolic phenotype in HFD‐fed FXRko mice, these improvements were not as effective as in WT mice. BD increased liver expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1β and elevated circulating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels in WT mice but not in FXRko mice. FXR deficiency altered gut microbiota composition with a specific increase in phylum Proteobacteria that may act as a possible microbial signature of some diseases. These cellular and molecular changes in FXRko mice may contribute to resistance toward improved metabolism.ConclusionsFXR signaling plays a pivotal role in improved metabolic phenotype following BD surgery.
Early life stress predicts cortisol response to psychosocial stress in healthy young adults
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yao Zhuxi , Lin Li , Sun Xiaofang , Shi Xia , Zhang Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRepeated exposure to stress during early life has a lifetime impact on physical and psychological functions. Our study investigated the long‐term effects of early life stress (ELS; measured retrospectively) on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system functions under psychosocial stress among healthy adults. Fifty healthy volunteers (33 male, 17 female, mean age 22.6 ± 1.8 years) underwent a standardized psychosocial stress protocol (the Trier Social Stress Test), with the collection of salivary cortisol, heart rates, and positive and negative affect. The results showed increases in cortisol, heart rate, and negative affect after the stress inducement. More importantly, a significant negative correlation was found between the severity of ELS and the increase of cortisol to the stress. The severity of stress in one's early life predicted his/her cortisol reactivity to the stress in adulthood. Neither the heart rate reactivity nor the affective reactivity shows significant association with ELS. The blunted cortisol reactivity reflects the alteration of the HPA axis, which may confer the risk for certain stress‐related disorders.
Thin films of PS/PS‐b‐pnipam and ps/pnipam polymer blends with tunable wettability
Authors: Kanidi Maria , Papagiannopoulos Aristeidis , Skandalis Athanasios , Kandyla Maria , Pispas Stergios 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe developed thin films of blends of polystyrene (PS) with the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) (PS/PNIPAM) and its diblock copolymer polystyrene‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM) in different blend ratios, and we study their surface morphology and thermoresponsive wetting behavior. The blends of PS/PNIPAM and PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM are spin‐casted on flat silicon surfaces with various drying conditions. The surface morphology of the films depends on the blend ratio and the drying conditions. The PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM films do not show an increase in their water contact angles with temperature, as it is expected by the presence of the PNIPAM block. All PS/PNIPAM films show an increase in the water contact angle above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, which depends on the ratio of PNIPAM in the blend and is insensitive to the drying conditions of the films. The difference between the wetting behavior of PS/PS‐b‐PNIPAM and PS/PNIPAM films is due to the arrangement of the PNIPAM chains in the film. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 670–679
Strength of belief: Religious commitment, knowledge, and HPV vaccination adherence
Authors: Birmingham Wendy C. , Macintosh Janelle L.B. , Vaughn Allison A. , Graff Tyler C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infects millions of men and women annually and is a substantial contributing factor in many cancers including oral, penile, anal, and cervical. Vaccination can reduce risk but adherence nationwide and, particularly in highly religious states, is suboptimal. Religious principles of abstinence before marriage and total fidelity following marriage may create a belief of protection through adherence to religious guidelines. However, while one partner may remain monogamous, one cannot be assured of their partner's behavior both before and after marriage. These misconceptions may create a barrier to religious youth's adherence to vaccine recommendations.MethodsWe sampled single young adults, age 18 to 25 years, from a Christian university classified as highly religious and a university not categorized as highly religious.ResultsHighly religious young adults demonstrated low knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination. High religious beliefs were associated with lower HPV vaccination adherence.ConclusionsUnderstanding the role religious beliefs have on vaccine adherence can help in the creation of campaigns that specifically address these issues. Campaigns to increase vaccination should address misconceptions of religious youth's feelings of imperviousness to sexually transmitted diseases.