bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of the Rhetoric of Peace and the Deconstruction of Pacifism in Euripides’ Suppliant Women
Authors: Daneš Jaroslav 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany scholars in the past thought that in the Suppliant Women Euripides rejected war in principle; they supported their views with reference to the spatial and visual prominence of the suffering mothers of the war dead on the stage and to three passages in which peace or an inactive life are celebrated and argued for. In this paper I focus on the rhetoric of peace and quietism in those three passages, which were recited and spoken by the Theban Herald and Adrastus, respectively. I will try to demonstrate that Euripides subverted their protestations of peace either by exposure of the manipulation of the rhetoric of peace or by putting them into an apparently unfitting frame. If this is proved then what is known as the pacifist’s interpretation remains unsupported.
The People as a Collective Character in the Story of the Widow of Ephesus (Petronius, Satyrica 111-112)
Authors: Costantini Leonardo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study offers an interpretation of the people as a collective character in Petronius’ novella of the widow of Ephesus. Through discussing the importance of their role within the economy of the story, it becomes clear that the traditional Roman values they praise become progressively opposed to the widow’s behaviour in the second part of the story. This analysis also makes it possible to appreciate fully the impact of the finale on the internal audience, and specifically on Lichas, who empathises both with the crucified husband and with the traditional views of this collective character. Following this interpretation of the people as a collective character, the Appendix presents a new argument to preserve a Vergilian quotation (A. 4.39) that editors generally expunge at Petr. 112.2.
Always Know What You’re Asking When You Ask It: Questions, Answers, and the Enduring Legacy of Jonathan Z. Smith
Authors: Crews Emily D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article considers the work of Jonathan Z. Smith, with particular focus on his essay “When the Bough Breaks.” After a brief summary of the essay, I will place it and its contributions within the broader context of my interactions with Smith and his work, reflecting on the ways in which Smith’s scholarship has allowed me to understand the vital relationship between the questions we ask as scholars and the answers we offer.
Does climate warming influence sexual chemical signaling?
Authors: Groot Astrid T. , Zizzari Z. Valentina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Global climate is changing at a rapid pace and the pivotal question is if the rate and extent of species’ responses to stressful events enable them to persist in a changing world. Although the consequences of rapid environmental changes on animal life-history traits are receiving considerable attention, our understanding of how temperature fluctuations affect sexual chemical communication in animals is scarce. Male-female interactions often depend on pheromone detectability and sudden shifts in environmental temperature are expected to disrupt communication between potential mates. Whether organisms can adapt to temperature-induced changes at both signaller and receiver levels is virtually unexplored. In this perspective paper, we first provide a broad overview of the sex pheromone pathway, from biosynthesis to detection, and outline the importance of chemical-based mate choice. Finally, through several study cases, we highlight how thermal stress may interfere with chemical communication between the sexes, and discuss the potential evolutionary consequence of temperature stress.
‘Due Regard’ Obligations, with Particular Emphasis on Fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: Scovazzi Tullio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘Due regard’ obligations occur when a state, in exercising a right, is bound to take into consideration the existence of conflicting rights and interests of other states and to balance their respective importance. They are frequently found in international law of the sea and the LOSC. Within the exclusive economic zone, where the applicable regime is the result of the balancing of the rights of the coastal state with those of other states, international practice shows that the balance shifts in favour of the coastal state if conflicting fishing activities are at stake. The balance may change if other kinds of activities are in conflict within the same zone. Two recent arbitral awards—on the Chagos Marine Protected Area case and the South China Sea case—elaborate on ‘due regard obligations’.
“… It Was Highly Desirable They Should Be Illustrated”
Authors: Valdés Catalina , Montalbán Magdalena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the images included in the report made by the U.S. Navy Astronomical Expedition in the Southern Hemisphere between 1849 and 1852, directed by Navy lieutenant and astronomer James Melville Gilliss (1881–1865). Together with astronomical studies, the expedition addressed different aspects of the natural and social history of the Republic of Chile setting down in six volumes a pioneering panoramic vision of the young nation. Considering the different aspects of the culture of printing as it developed in the main cities of the United States in the mid nineteenth century, this article proposes general reflections concerning the impetus given in this field by scientific expeditions. In the specific case of Gilliss’s Naval Astronomical Expedition, this impulse manifests itself in terms of the technological renewal and the prestige of the lithographers taking part in the publication. This contrasts with the subsequent scarce success of Gilliss’s volumes – the books came close to being ignored – both in the United States and in Chile.
The Failed Technology Museum of Catalonia
Authors: Valentines-Álvarez Jaume , Sastre-Juan Jaume 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In March 1937, the Technology Museum of Catalonia was created by a governmental order, but it never materialized. How come was a national museum of technology perceived as an urgent need in the midst of the Spanish Civil War? This article explores how this failed attempt was rooted in the long-standing political interest of the engineering community in the musealization of technology in Barcelona. On the one hand, it analyses the tradition of technological display aimed at increasing industrial productivity and improving technical education. On the other hand, it studies the techno-nationalist efforts by engineers to construct a respectable technological past for the nation through display. Finally, it explores how these two approaches would have been articulated in the Technology Museum of Catalonia in the context of the key role played by engineering professionals during the Spanish Civil War.
Socrates and Theognis on True Love
Authors: Hejduk Tomáš 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The study compares Theognis’ and Socrates’ concept of love: there is an ambivalence of love present in both authors in the form of a connection between the pleasing and the unpleasing, that is, on the one hand, devotion to the educatory harshness of the lover, on the other to his skill and cunning. To what extent is the ambivalence in Socrates and Theognis similar or dissimilar? The answer discloses a comparison of ideas about the functioning, the aims, and the meaning of love in the wider context of understanding the life and world of the two authors: such a context exposes the duplicity in Theognis, and the love of negation of unambiguous teaching about the proper life without painful testing. In Socrates, it is exposed to irony, to eternal ignorance and to openness to another and to god’s world.
Next, we contrast Theognis’ limiting of another’s duplicity (devotion and cunning) to a level between a loving and friendly relationship with Socrates’ expansion of the loving struggle into every sphere of life, above all into the relationship of the lover to himself and those close to him. We explain this contrast as a decision between trust in reason and trust in love as the fundamental forces conferring meaning on human life. We show, however, that with Socrates it is not blind love but rather love embracing reason and overlapping divine challenges, while with Theognis it is not pure reason that is involved, but rather reason directed by the socio-political situation.
Fayz Mohammad Kāteb and Gholām Mohammad Ghobār’s Divergent Allegories of an Afghan Rebellion
Authors: Bakhtary Elham 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent scholarship on Afghan historiography has shed light on how Afghan historians, particularly from the early twentieth century onwards, have used events such as the First Anglo-Afghan War for the purpose of national narratives. This article deepens this analysis by paying particular attention to how two prominent Afghan historians, Fayz Mohammad Kāteb and Gholām Mohammad Ghobār, rendered the Afghan rebellion that ended the British occupation in the First Anglo-Afghan War. Although Kāteb and Ghobār agreed on the religious nature of the rebellion, they had opposite interpretations regarding its leadership. This study explores how these opposite interpretations reflect a common underlying attempt to use the First Anglo-Afghan War as an historical allegory. As a court historian, Kāteb’s account is a testimony to his patron dynasty’s ability to protect Afghanistan, while Ghobār’s account reflects the author’s conviction in Afghanistan’s readiness for democracy.
Ritualization as Religious Renewal in 18th-Century Hasidism
Authors: Sagiv Gadi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rituals have always been a characterizing and significant aspect of Hasidism. Although ritual practices are often considered rigid and conservative, Hasidism showed tremendous flexibility in composing, reviving, and disseminating old rituals in novel religious settings. Highly visible, easily deliverable, not requiring intellectual background, and embedded in Jewish tradition, rituals and ceremonies were the perfect means by which to popularize pietism and esoteric knowledge among large audiences, while maintaining the prestige of their performers.
Over-the-Counter Derivatives Regulation in Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Chen Christopher 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this article, Dr Christopher Chen examines and compares the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives in Hong Kong and Singapore, the two largest international financial centres in Asia Pacific. Dr Chen analyses current or proposed regulations on trade reporting, centralised clearing and mandatory exchange trading mandates regarding OTC derivatives against the backdrop of reforms of international financial regulatory structure after the global financial crisis. The article also relates the reforms in Asia to development in major Western markets such as the U.S., U.K. or European Union. Apart from technical comparison and dissecting of content of rules from different angles, this article also examines the rationale behind those reforms and policy concerns behind Asian adoption of the regulatory mandates prescribed by G20 as well as potential policy concerns (such as competition and extraterritoriality) in a market that is dominated by Western banks.
Rivers and Oceans
Authors: Beauchamp-Byrd Mora J. , Sobers Shawn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This two-part article is a comparative analysis of two late twentieth-century works of art: John T. Scott’s Ocean Song (1990), an abstract, large-scale public art sculpture in New Orleans, Louisiana in the US, and Sold Down the River (1999), a major, self-portrait-centered painting by the Bristol, UK-based artist Tony Forbes. As outlined in both sections, contemporary artists have produced works that ensure a continuing civic dialogue about, and commemoration of, site-specific histories of enslavement. In examining and placing these two works in their social, political and cultural contexts, the article highlights the role that artists may play in offering pictorial counter-narratives that question “official,” often tourist-driven, narratives that tend to romanticize and/or mollify colonial and/or imperial initiatives, including enslavement and other legacies marked by trauma.
Adoption and Assisted Reproduction in Germany
Authors: Lettmaier Saskia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Germany, as elsewhere, couples and individuals suffering from unwanted childlessness have two principal means to overcome it. One, adoption, has existed and been quite heavily regulated for centuries. The other, assisted reproduction, has only recently come into its own and has not yet been comprehensively dealt with by the German legislature.This monograph provides a survey of adoption and assisted reproduction as alternative (non-coital) ways of establishing parent-child relationships in Germany. Part 1 on adoption sets out the current regulatory framework and discusses a number of recent ‘hot topics,’ including adult and stepparent adoptions.Unlike for adoption, there is little state regulation for assisted reproduction in Germany. Most of the complex legal issues are dealt with by professional self-regulation and ordinary family-law rules. Part 2 sets out what forms of assisted reproduction are currently permitted; who has access to them; and how parental status is allocated. It also discusses the child’s right to know its genetic origins; the risks to donors; and the implications of ‘reproductive tourism.’
Baselines under the International Law of the Sea
Authors: Lathrop Coalter G. , Roach J. Ashley , Rothwell Donald R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBetween 2008–2018 the International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Baselines under the International Law of the Sea produced two reports on the normal baseline (2012) and straight and archipelagic baselines (2018). The Sofia Report (2012) is organised around the interpretation of Article 5 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) concerning the normal baseline. Under the leadership of Committee Chair Judge Dolliver Nelson, the Committee was asked to identify the existing law on the normal baseline and to assess the need for further clarification or development of that law in light of substantial coastal change. The Report applies the rules of treaty interpretation, including an assessment of the ordinary meaning of the terms of the treaty and, because those leave the meaning ambiguous, the preparatory works of the normal baseline provision. The Report then turns to address the application of the existing law to changing coasts and concludes that the law on the normal baseline is inadequate to address problems of substantial territorial loss. The Sydney Report (2018) is organised around a common methodology in assessing Articles 7, 8, 10, 13, 14 and 47 of the LOSC concerning straight baselines, closing lines, and straight archipelagic baselines. Each analysis seeks to provide some background to the drafting of the Article, analysis of the text, assessment of state practice, relevant case law, and a summary of the commentary by publicists. The Report then moves to address certain cross-cutting or global issues that are relevant to a contemporary analysis of straight and archipelagic baselines, before reaching conclusions.
Theology of Religions
Authors: Adams Graham 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Adams maps and analyses the field of ‘theology of religions’ (ToR) and its various typologies, examining the assumptions in how religion is assessed. The purpose is to identify how contributions to ToR select and deselect material and trajectories, editing according to presuppositions and interests. Adams’ analysis consciously relies on Andrew Shanks’ Hegelian notion of ‘truth-as-openness’ (divine hospitality) as it illuminates three dynamics, or ‘scandals’, within ToR. The first, concerned with how a religion’s particularity or identity is constructed, is subdivided between ‘particularity transcended’ and ‘particularity re-centred’, along the lines of Jenny Daggers’ postcolonial insights. The second concerns the interactions when one religion engages an Other’s strangeness, and the third is concerned with how religions aim to transform socio-political systems which feign or obstruct universality, so to effect ever greater solidarity. The text notes key trends, beyond Christianity and including deepening interdisciplinarity, and potential developments from a critical but constructive standpoint.
Turning up the Volume on Man’s Best Friend: Ethical Issues Associated with Commercial Dog Breeding
Authors: Croney Candace C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
As the dog’s popularity as a human companion has grown, demand for purebred dogs has likewise escalated. Commercial breeding of dogs, which currently helps to meet such demands has become a point of social contention. The co-evolution of dogs and humans and the unique, familial relationships people have developed with them suggest that they are owed special consideration of their needs and interests that is independent of their utility to humans. Not surprisingly, opposition to commercial breeding enterprises has increased dramatically in the past decade in the US and abroad, spawning a growing number of legislative initiatives aimed at regulating such operations, which are widely believed to harm dogs. Among the most significant ethical problems embedded in commercial dog breeding are the potential for insults to the human-dog bond, failure to duly consider and meet duties of care to dogs, including dogs’ welfare needs and interests, and insufficient regulation of dog care standards. The shortage of published science on the actual conditions experienced by dogs in commercial breeding kennels complicates understanding of the nature and severity of problems as well as solutions. It is argued that despite the concerns associated with commercial dog breeding, abolishing the practice without identifying an ethically preferable alternative that meets demands could result in even worse consequences for dogs. Given this problem, commercial breeding could be ethically defensible under conditions that vastly reduce or eliminate potential for dog suffering, and with strict regulatory oversight of corresponding standards of care for dogs.
Transfusion-related red blood cell alloantibodies: induction and consequences
Authors: Tormey Christopher A. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBlood transfusion is the most common procedure completed during a given hospitalization in the United States. Although often life-saving, transfusions are not risk-free. One sequela that occurs in a subset of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion recipients is the development of alloantibodies. It is estimated that only 30% of induced RBC alloantibodies are detected, given alloantibody induction and evanescence patterns, missed opportunities for alloantibody detection, and record fragmentation. Alloantibodies may be clinically significant in future transfusion scenarios, potentially resulting in acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions or in difficulty locating compatible RBC units for future transfusion. Alloantibodies can also be clinically significant in future pregnancies, potentially resulting in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. A better understanding of factors that impact RBC alloantibody formation may allow general or targeted preventative strategies to be developed. Animal and human studies suggest that blood donor, blood product, and transfusion recipient variables potentially influence which transfusion recipients will become alloimmunized, with genetic as well as innate/adaptive immune factors also playing a role. At present, judicious transfusion of RBCs is the primary strategy invoked in alloimmunization prevention. Other mitigation strategies include matching RBC antigens of blood donors to those of transfusion recipients or providing immunomodulatory therapies prior to blood product exposure in select recipients with a history of life-threatening alloimmunization. Multidisciplinary collaborations between providers with expertise in transfusion medicine, hematology, oncology, transplantation, obstetrics, and immunology, among other areas, are needed to better understand RBC alloimmunization and refine preventative strategies.
Molecular characterization of immune responses of Helicoverpa armigera to infection with the mermithid nematode Ovomermis sinensis
Authors: Wang Gui-Jie , Zhuo Xiao-Rong , Wang Wen-Wen , Liu Xu-Sheng , Wang Guo-Xiu , Wang Jia-Lin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background
Mermithid nematodes, such as Ovomermis sinensis, display a broad host range including some lepidopteran pests. Infective juveniles penetrate their host through the cuticle, complete their growth within the hemocoel and eventually kill the host upon their emergence. Hence, mermithid nematodes are considered potential biological control agents of insect pests. Our previous data indicate that the infection rate of O. sinensis on cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is low, which may be largely due to the strong immune system of the host. However, current knowledge on the interactions of mermithid nematodes with their hosts and the mechanisms employed by hosts to defend themselves against mermithid nematodes is limited.

Results
Here, we investigated the response of H. armigera to O. sinensis infection. Parasitism by O. sinensis caused a sharp decline in the survival rate of H. armigera. The hemocytic phagocytosis ability, antibacterial activity, and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in plasma of H. armigera increased at 1 d post parasitism (dpp) but decreased at 3 dpp. Further, we investigated gene expression in the fat body of parasitized and non-parasitized H. armigera larvae at 1, 3, and 5 dpp using a digital gene expression system. In total, 41, 60 and 68 immune-related differentially expressed genes were identified at 1, 3, and 5 dpp, respectively. These genes encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), serine proteases (SPs), SP inhibitors, mucins and other immune-related proteins. The expression of most PRRs, AMPs, SPs, and mucins was upregulated in the fat body of larvae at 1 dpp, downregulated at 3 dpp, and then again upregulated at 5 dpp by O. sinensis. The increased expression of SP inhibitors may contribute to the inhibited PO activity at 5 dpp.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that parasitism by O. sinensis modulates the immune reaction of the host H. armigera by altering the expression of immune-related genes. Our data provide a basis for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms employed by the mermithid nematode O. sinensis to modulate the immunity of the host H. armigera. These data will also likely facilitate the improvement of success in parasitism of H. armigera by O. sinensis.