bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel route to the coupling of molecular dynamics and phase-field simulations of crystal growth
Authors: Bollada P C , Men H , Fang C , Jimack P K , Fan Z , Mullis A M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Molecular dynamic simulations, ab initio (DFT) calculations and experimental evidence suggests that there is a liquid-solid transition region which may be characterised by an order parameter. In this interface region the order parameter is not observed to be symmetrical, rather it tends to be steep on the solid side and exponentially decreasing on the liquid side. The order parameter in phase field computations is, to date, always assumed to give a symmetrical interface region. Hence, we ask how to extend the phase field model to give a profile that fits this data, and how such a model affects the simulation.
Mechanisms of TiAl alloys isomorphic inoculation from cryo-milled Ti-Al-Nb powders
Authors: Zollinger J. , Kennedy J.R. , Brodu E. , Rouat B. , Bouzy E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Isomorphic inoculation has recently been introduced by the authors as a successful method to grain refine cast titanium aluminides [1]. Analyses of the cast grain size together with introduced particle size distributions revealed anomalously high grain refinement efficiency which was attributed to the particles breaking up during the holding stage prior to solidification [2]. In the present work, the microstructure of the inoculant powders is investigated in both the cryo-milled state as well as after simulated thermal cycles to reproduce their heating and holding in the melt. Results show that milling time does not impact the grain size in the particles, only their size distributions. Heat treatments between 1500 and 1600°C for short periods of time allowed the activation energy for grain growth and evaluation of the grain size evolution in the particles during the isomorphic inoculation process to be determined. Assuming that grain boundary melting is the predominant break up mechanism, a model to estimate dissolution of the powders is presented which includes diffusion and fluid flow. Despite its relative simplicity, the predicted number of particles remaining after heating and holding, which lead to grains in the as-cast structure, are in good agreement with the measured grain size. Finally, the paper summarizes the main features and mechanism making isomorphic inoculation a promising route for grain refining as-cast alloys.
Online Modelling of Heat Transfer, Solidification and Microstructure in Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Louhenkilpi S , Miettinen J , Laine J , Vesanen R , Rentola I , Moilanen J , Visuri V-V , Heikkinen E-P , Jokilaakso A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Advanced numerical simulation models for continuous casting of steel were developed in Finland by Casim Consulting and Aalto University in cooperation with the University of Oulu and the steel industry. The aim was to develop models that are scientifically rigorous, but also computationally fast enough to be used in online applications. The models developed are a transient three-dimensional heat transfer model, CastManager, and a solidification and microstructure model, IDS. The computing time of these models are short, and they are integrated together in one online concept. This concept is installed in the automation systems of four slab casters in Finland. Testing and validation work is in progress. The system simulates the important heat transfer, solidification and microstructural phenomena in continuous casting online. The future aim is that this information will be used for online quality control and for optimizing the process conditions to avoid formation of defects. Many quality indices have already been developed. A steady state version of the CastManager tool has also been developed, called Tempsimu.
Numerical simulation of fluid flow, solidification and defects in high pressure die casting (HPDC) process
Authors: Dou K , Lordan E , Zhang Y J , Jacot A , Fan Z Y 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The high pressure die casting process is extensively used to manufacture light metal parts with high productivity. A major drawback of the process is the relatively high variability in mechanical properties and poor repeatability between casting cycles, limiting the achievement of weight reduction through lighter design. Although it has been established that mechanical properties are adversely affected by casting defects, the origin of the relatively high randomness in the HPDC process is not well understood. Numerical simulation is a powerful and cost-effective tool to address this question, as it gives access to quantities that are difficult to obtain experimentally. A numerical simulation approach based on the finite element casting software ProCAST has been developed. The model was applied to the casting of aluminium tensile test samples, which were used to measure the tensile properties of the alloy. Simulation permitted the study of fluid flow, solidification and defect formation during each stage of the HPDC process: pouring, injection and cooling. Air entrapment and porosity distribution in the cast part were predicted. The results were compared with temperature measurements, porosity observations and solid distribution in the sleeve prior to injection. Although the results are still very preliminary, some trends could be established between the level of turbulence of the melt during injection and reduced elongation.
Microstructure evolution in an Al-Si piston alloy under ultrasonic melt processing
Authors: Chankitmunkong Suwaree , Eskin Dmitry G. , Limmaneevichitr Chaowalit 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Piston Al-Si eutectic alloys are used to produce direct-chill cast billets for subsequent forging. Because of a very complex composition and multi-phase heterogeneous structure, it is necessary to control the formation of primary and eutectic compounds either through alloying or casting conditions (or both). In this study we used ultrasonic melt processing above or across the liquidus line to affect the occurrence and size distribution of primary Si as well as morphology of primary Al dendrites and high-temperature eutectic phases. The refinement of these particles has potential benefit for mechanical properties and formability during forging.
Evaluation of AHSS concepts with a focus on the product properties and appropriate casting characteristics of Arvedi ESP thin slab casters
Authors: Bernhard C. , Linzer B. , Presoly P. , Watzinger I. , Watzinger J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Arvedi ESP process and a variety of produced materials have been continuously developed since the opening of the Arvedi ESP plant in Cremona in 2009 to meet market demands for more sophisticated steel grades. The development of grades for more advanced applications such as advanced high strength steels and multiphase grades is of interest. Dual phase grades such as DP600 are already produced through an ESP line on an industrial scale; additional multi-phase grades such as TRIP are under development. High-strength steels for the automotive industry have especially high demands on material properties. In addition to the mechanical material properties, an excellent surface quality is required. The fundamental basis for such material properties on rolled coils needs to be provided from continuous casting. This paper deals with the classification of different – either Si - or Al-based – alloying concepts for TRIP steels with respect to their prospective behaviour in a thin slab caster.
Thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive laws for metallic alloys during their solidification
Authors: Laschet G M , Behnken H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To describe the thermomechanical behaviour of the semi-solid state during alloy solidification, specific viscoplastic constitutive laws are derived for the coherent and non-coherent regime of the mush. For the coherent semi-solid regime an original viscoplastic flow potential is derived, which includes micro-structural parameters. This potential takes also isotropic hardening, pressure dependence of yielding and the strength difference in tension and compression into account. For the non-coherent mushy state of suspensions under shear loading, a simplified viscoplastic potential is adopted by neglecting pressure effects on the solid dendrites. Continuity at mechanical coherency is imposed and allows the reduction of the model parameters of the non-coherent regime. The developed constitutive laws are implemented in Abaqus via a user-defined CREEP routine. Simulations of uniaxial tension, compression or pure shear experiments allow identifying the model parameters of an A356 aluminium alloy.
Illusory Gains from Chile's Targeted School Voucher Experiment
Authors: Feigenberg Benjamin , Yan Rui , Rivkin Steven 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chile implemented a targeted voucher programme in 2008 that increased funding for disadvantaged students at public and participating private schools by approximately 50%. This reform would be expected to raise average achievement in participating schools and to reduce the achievement gap related to socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged students did make fourth-grade test-score gains exceeding 0.2 standard deviations that other studies have attributed to the programme. However, we find only small increases in resources and school-switching and little evidence of competition-driven improvement, but a closing of the parental education and income gaps, raising doubts that the programme accounts for much of this convergence.
LION/web: a web-based ontology enrichment tool for lipidomic data analysis
Authors: Molenaar Martijn R , Jeucken Aike , Wassenaar Tsjerk A , van de Lest Chris H A , Brouwers Jos F , Helms J Bernd 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
A major challenge for lipidomic analyses is the handling of the large amounts of data and the translation of results to interpret the involvement of lipids in biological systems.

Results
We built a new lipid ontology (LION) that associates &gt;50,000 lipid species to biophysical, chemical, and cell biological features. By making use of enrichment algorithms, we used LION to develop a web-based interface (LION/web, www.lipidontology.com) that allows identification of lipid-associated terms in lipidomes. LION/web was validated by analyzing a lipidomic dataset derived from well-characterized sub-cellular fractions of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Comparison of isolated plasma membranes with the microsomal fraction showed a significant enrichment of relevant LION-terms including “plasma membrane", “headgroup with negative charge", "glycerophosphoserines", “above average bilayer thickness", and “below average lateral diffusion". A second validation was performed by analyzing the membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary cells incubated with arachidonic acid. An increase in membrane fluidity was observed both experimentally by using pyrene decanoic acid and by using LION/web, showing significant enrichment of terms associated with high membrane fluidity ("above average", "very high", and "high lateral diffusion" and "below average transition temperature").

Conclusions
The results demonstrate the functionality of LION/web, which is freely accessible in a platform-independent way.
Export Crops and Civil Conflict
Authors: Crost Benjamin , Felter Joseph H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many experts see a move toward high-value export crops, such as fruits and vegetables, as an important opportunity for economic growth and poverty reduction, but little is known about the effects of export crops in fragile and conflict-affected countries. We exploit movements in world market prices combined with geographic variation in crop production to show that increases in the value of bananas, the country’s biggest export crop, caused an increase in conflict violence and insurgent-controlled territory in the Philippines. This effect was concentrated in provinces where bananas are produced in large plantations with areas greater than 25 hectares. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which insurgents fund their operations by extorting large agricultural export firms.
Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Low Temperatures on the Development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from a Temperate Region
Authors: De Majo María Sol , Zanotti Gabriela , Campos Raúl E , Fischer Sylvia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most studies of the effects of low temperature on the development of immature stages of Aedes aegypti (L.) have been performed at constant temperatures in the laboratory, which may not accurately reflect the variable environmental conditions in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of constant temperatures (CT) and fluctuating low temperatures (FT) on the fitness of Ae. aegypti of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Three CT treatments (12, 14, and 16°C) and three FT treatments (12, 14, and 16°C ± 4°C) were performed and then survival, development time, and size of adults analyzed for each treatment. The immature stages completed development in all the treatments, with an average survival of 88% at 16°C, 85% at 14°C, and 22% at 12°C, and showed no differences between the CT and FT treatments. Development times were similar between the CT and FT treatments at 16°C (average ± SD: 22.7 ± 2.0 d) and at 14°C (average ± SD: 30.5 ± 2.5 d), whereas at 12°C, they lasted longer under CT (average ± SD: 46.6 ± 5.1 d) than under FT (average ± SD: 37 ± 6.5 d). The sizes of the adults at 12 and 14°C were similar but larger than those at 16°C, and showed no differences between the CT and FT treatments. Compared to populations of other geographical regions assessed in previous studies, the shorter development times and the high survival at 14 and 16°C, and the ability to complete development at 12°C, a fact not previously reported, suggest that the Ae. aegypti population of Buenos Aires city has a higher tolerance to these conditions.
New steps in mucilage biosynthesis revealed by analysis of the transcriptome of the UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter 2 mutant
Authors: Parra-Rojas Juan Pablo , Largo-Gosens Asier , Carrasco Tomás , Celiz-Balboa Jonathan , Arenas-Morales Verónica , Sepúlveda-Orellana Pablo , Temple Henry , Sanhueza Dayan , Reyes Francisca C , Meneses Claudio , Saez-Aguayo Susana , Orellana Ariel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Upon imbibition, epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds release a mucilage formed mostly by pectic polysaccharides. The Arabidopsis mucilage is composed mainly of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), with low amounts of cellulose, homogalacturonan, and traces of xylan, xyloglucan, galactoglucomannan, and galactan. The pectin-rich composition of the mucilage and their simple extractability makes this structure a good candidate to study the biosynthesis of pectic polysaccharides and their modification. Here, we characterize the mucilage phenotype of a mutant in the UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter 2 (URGT2), which exhibits a reduction in RG-I and also shows pleiotropic changes, suggesting the existence of compensation mechanisms triggered by the lack of URGT2. To gain an insight into the possible compensation mechanisms activated in the mutant, we performed a transcriptome analysis of developing seeds using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed a significant misregulation of 3149 genes, 37 of them (out of the 75 genes described to date) encoding genes proposed to be involved in mucilage biosynthesis and/or its modification. The changes observed in urgt2 included the up-regulation of UAFT2, a UDP-arabinofuranose transporter, and UUAT3, a paralog of the UDP-uronic acid transporter UUAT1, suggesting that they play a role in mucilage biosynthesis. Mutants in both genes showed changes in mucilage composition and structure, confirming their participation in mucilage biosynthesis. Our results suggest that plants lacking a UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter undergo important changes in gene expression, probably to compensate modifications in the plant cell wall due to the lack of a gene involved in its biosynthesis.
Early Detection of Diabetic Ketoacidosis by Breathalyzer in a Sailor Reporting for Duty
Authors: Reinhart Jacob 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe medical condition involving the uncontrolled hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis that results from impaired insulin utilization. The biochemical response to insulin resistance or deficiency is a ketotic state in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies for an alternative energy source. Patients in DKA acutely develop severe symptoms, typically over the course of 24–48 hours. Classic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, altered mental status, and abdominal pain. As the time course of ketoacidosis is relatively rapid, it is rare to identify a developing case of DKA prior to symptom onset.
In this atypical case, the author presents an asymptomatic 37-year-old active duty male without a history of diabetes, whose DKA detection was inspired by an elevated breathalyzer reading. The Sailor underwent routine breath alcohol analysis per command instruction upon reporting for duty. In the absence of recent alcohol intake, the elevated breathalyzer reading is associated with the Sailor’s metabolic ketoacidosis. Acetone, one of three primary ketone bodies generated in DKA is notable as the cause of the hallmark fruity odor breath of DKA patients. In this case, it is converted to isopropanol, an agent that is detectable by breathalyzers.
Implantable Pumps Require Specific Medications To Prevent Pump Failure And Risks To Patient Safety
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: May 2019

The Food and Drug Administration has issued a Safety Communication regarding implantable pumps used for drug administration and the risks of using medications not approved for use with the pumps to treat or manage pain.Nurses who work with patients receiving intrathecal delivery of pain medication via an implantable pump are urged to carefully read the pump's labeling to identify which medications are approved for use with the pump.
Estimating the Readily-Releasable Vesicle Pool Size at Synaptic Connections in a Neocortical Microcircuit
Authors: Barros-Zulaica N , Rahmon J , Chindemi G , Perin R , Markram H , Ramaswamy S , Muller E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies based on the ‘Quantal Model’ for synaptic transmission suggested that neurotransmitter release is mediated by a single release site at individual synaptic contacts in the neocortex. However, recent studies seem to contradict this hypothesis and indicate that multi-vesicular release (MVR) could better explain the synaptic response variability observed in vitro. In this study we present a novel method to estimate the number of release sites per synapse, also known as the size of the readily-releasable pool (NRRP), from paired whole-cell recordings of layer 5 thick tufted pyramidal cell (L5_TTPC) connections in the somatosensory neocortex. Our approach extends the work of Loebel and colleagues to take advantage of a recently reported data-driven biophysical model of neocortical tissue. Using this approach, we estimated NRRP to be between two to three for connections between L5-TTPC. To constrain NRRP values for other connections in the microcircuit, we developed and validated a generalization approach using data on post-synaptic potential (PSP) coefficient of variations (CVs) from literature and matching to in silico experiments. Our study shows that synaptic connections in the neocortex generally are mediated by MVR and provides a data-driven approach to constrain the MVR model parameters of the microcircuit.
eIF3 associates with 80S ribosomes to promote translation elongation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and muscle health
Authors: Lin Yingying , Li Fajin , Huang Linlu , Duan Haoran , Fang Jianhuo , Sun Li , Xing Xudong , Tian Guiyou , Cheng Yabin , Yang Xuerui , Wolf Dieter A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryeIF3 is a multi-subunit complex with numerous functions in canonical translation initiation. eIF3 was also found to interact with 40S and 60S ribosomal proteins and translation elongation factors, but a direct involvement in translation elongation has never been demonstrated. We found that eIF3 deficiency reduced early ribosomal elongation speed between codons 25 and 75 on a set of ∼2,700 mRNAs encoding proteins associated with mitochondrial and membrane functions, resulting in defective synthesis of their encoded proteins. To promote elongation, eIF3 interacts with 80S ribosomes translating the first ∼60 codons and serves to recruit protein quality control factors, functions required for normal mitochondrial physiology. Accordingly, eIF3e+/-mice accumulate defective mitochondria in skeletal muscle and show a progressive decline in muscle strength. Hence, eIF3 interacts with 80S ribosomes to enhance, at the level of early elongation, the synthesis of proteins with membrane-associated functions, an activity that is critical for mitochondrial physiology and muscle health.
Biomass, abundances, and abundance and geographical range size relationship of birds along a rainforest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sam Katerina , Koane Bonny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe usually positive inter-specific relationship between geographical range size and the abundance of local bird populations comes with exceptions. On continents, the majority of these exceptions have been described from tropical montane areas in Africa, where geographically-restricted bird species are unusually abundant. We asked how the local abundances of passerine and non-passerine bird species along an elevational gradient on Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea relate to their geographical range size. We collected data on bird assemblages at eight elevations (200 – 3,700 m, at 500 m elevational increments). We used a standardized point-counts at 16 points at each elevational study site. We partitioned the birds into feeding guilds, and we obtained data on geographical range sizes from Bird-Life International data zone. We observed a positive relationship between abundance and geographical range size in the lowlands. This trend changed to a negative one towards higher elevations. The total abundances of the assemblage showed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradient, with passerine birds, namely passerine insectivores, driving the observed pattern. In contrast to abundances, the mean biomass of the bird assemblages decreased with increasing elevation. Our results show that montane bird species maintain dense populations which compensate for the decreased available area near the top of the mountain.
Translational regulation of protrusion-localized RNAs involves silencing and clustering after transport
Authors: Moissoglu Konstadinos , Yasuda Kyota , Wang Tianhong , Chrisafis George , Mili Stavroula 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLocalization of RNAs to various subcellular destinations is a widely used mechanism that regulates a large proportion of transcripts in polarized cells. In many cases, such localized transcripts mediate spatial control of gene expression by being translationally silent while in transit and locally activated at their destination. Here, we investigate the translation of RNAs localized at dynamic cellular protrusions of human and mouse, migrating, mesenchymal cells. In contrast to the model described above, we find that protrusion-localized RNAs are not locally activated solely at protrusions, but can be translated with similar efficiency in both internal and peripheral locations. Interestingly, protrusion-localized RNAs are translated at extending protrusions, they become translationally silenced in retracting protrusions and this silencing is accompanied by coalescence of single RNAs into larger heterogeneous RNA clusters. This work describes a distinct mode of translational regulation of localized RNAs, which we propose is used to regulate protein activities during dynamic cellular responses.