bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHADOW AND IMPRESS: ETHNOGRAPHY, FILM, AND THE TASK OF WRITING HISTORY IN THE SPACE OF SOUTH AFRICA'S DEINDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: MORRIS ROSALIND C. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe historiography of natural‐resource extraction, especially in colonial contexts, is often torn between two temptations: to represent these histories in narratives commencing with discovery, and thus rupture; or to render them in tales of continuity and thus an identity that transcends history. In the increasingly common scenarios of deindustrialization, these twin temptations are sutured together via the figure of return. Thus, accounts of postindustrial life often construe it as a return to forms of life that preceded capital‐intensive industrial practice, and are written in the idiom of the “artisanal.” In doing so, they mistake a mere form of appearance, which is to say an image of the past, for its repetition, effacing the degree to which the materialities of industrialization shape, as both shadow and impress, the corporeal gestures and unconscious habits of those who inhabit its ruins. At the same time, and in an era of memory studies, truth commissions, and heritage projects, people who inhabit the spaces of deindustrialization often believe that they can survive the destruction of their life‐worlds only by giving themselves to be seen in the form of an image that resembles the past, and in a museological register. In this essay, based on two decades of field research in the areas of deep‐level mining in South Africa, and an ongoing documentary film project with informal migrant miners called zama‐zamas, I attempt to find another form and method for producing a historical and dialectical anthropological understanding of postindustrial life. The essay is an experiment in narrative that attempts to redeem a photographic and cinematographic tradition that is often culpable of reproducing the above‐named temptations. The essay thus weaves together forms of the close‐up—a gesture that seeks to get hold of history by means of an image—with contemplative reflections based in the temporally extended accounts of those who inhabit the ruins of deep‐level gold mines. In so doing, I propose a means of rethinking historiographical practice in the context of an always already vanishing present.
Climatic niche of the Saker FalconFalco cherrug: predicted new areas to direct population surveys in Central Asia
Authors: Sutton Luke J. , Puschendorf Robert 
Published: December 2018

Accurate species distribution data across remote and extensive geographical areas are difficult to obtain. Here, we use bioclimatic envelope models to determine climatic constraints on the distribution of the migratory Saker FalconFalco cherrugto identify areas in data‐deficient regions that may contain unidentified populations. Sakers live at low densities across large ranges in remote regions, making distribution status difficult to assess. Using presence‐background data and eight bioclimatic variables within a species distribution modelling framework, we applied MaxEnt to construct models for both breeding and wintering ranges. Occurrence data were spatially filtered and climatic variables tested for multicollinearity before selecting best fit models using the Akaike information criterion by tuning MaxEnt parameters. Model predictive performance tested using the continuous Boyce index (B) was high for both breeding (BTEST = 0.921) and wintering models (BTEST = 0.735), with low omission rates and minimal overfitting. The Saker climatic niche was defined by precipitation in the warmest quarter in the breeding range model, and mean temperature in the wettest quarter in the wintering range model. Our models accurately predicted areas of highest climate suitability and defined the climatic constraints on a wide‐ranging rare species, suggesting that climate is a key determinant of Saker distribution across macro‐scales. We recommend targeted population surveys for the Saker based on model predictions to areas of highest climatic suitability in key regions with distribution knowledge gaps, in particular the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau in western China. Further applications of our models could identify protected areas and reintroduction sites, inform development conflicts, and assess the impact of climate change on distributions.
Initial evidence for hypothalamic gliosis in children with obesity by quantitative T2 MRI and implications for blood oxygen‐level dependent response to glucose ingestion
Authors: Sewaybricker Leticia E. , Schur Ellen A. , Melhorn Susan J. , Campos Brunno M. , Askren Mary K. , Nogueira Guilherme A. S. , Zambon Mariana P. , Antonio Maria Angela R. G. M. , Cendes Fernando , Velloso Licio A. , Guerra‐Junior Gil 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn adults, hypothalamic gliosis has been documented using quantitative T2 neuroimaging, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown a defective hypothalamic response to nutrients. No studies have yet evaluated these hypothalamic abnormalities in children with obesity.MethodsChildren with obesity and lean controls underwent quantitative MRI measuring T2 relaxation time, along with continuous hypothalamic fMRI acquisition to evaluate early response to glucose ingestion.ResultsChildren with obesity (N = 11) had longer T2 relaxation times, consistent with gliosis, in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) compared to controls (N = 9; P = 0.004). Moreover, there was a highly significant group*region interaction (P = 0.002), demonstrating that signs of gliosis were specific to MBH and not to reference regions. Longer T2 relaxation times correlated with measures of higher adiposity, including visceral fat percentage (P = 0.01). Mean glucose‐induced hypothalamic blood oxygen‐level dependent signal change did not differ between groups (P = 0.11). However, mean left MBH T2 relaxation time negatively correlated with glucose‐induced hypothalamic signal change (P < 0.05).ConclusionImaging signs of hypothalamic gliosis were present in children with obesity and positively associated with more severe adiposity. Children with the strongest evidence for gliosis showed the least activation after glucose ingestion. These initial findings suggest that the hypothalamus is both structurally and functionally affected in childhood obesity.
Communicating the validity of structured job interviews with graphical visual aids
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Highhouse Scott , Brooks Margaret E. , Zhang Yuyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe structured job interview is often resisted by human resource (HR) professionals despite its superior predictive validity compared to the traditional unstructured interview. However, HR professionals may underestimate the utility of structured interviews because of how validity information is presented. Three online experiments with MTurk samples were conducted to examine the effect of statistical visual aids (Binomial effect size display; expectancy chart; icon array) on people's perceived usefulness of validity information and intentions toward using the structured interview. Results showed that graphical visual aids (expectancy chart and icon array) were perceived as more useful for communicating validity evidence than a nongraphical effect size display. People also judged the structured interview as more useful and were more willing to use it when validity evidence was presented graphically. Individual differences in graph literacy and nationality were also examined.
An Ideal Student Factor and the validity of noncognitive measures of student potential
Authors: Schmitt Neal , Bradburn Jacob C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe presence of a general factor has been found in previous research on the utilization of personality tests in selection contexts. Termed the Ideal Employee Factor (IEF), this factor is thought to represent an effort to present oneself as an ideal employee to some degree on all items in the test. Examining the responses to biodata and situational judgment items, we provide evidence for the existence of a factor similar to the IEF within the college admissions context, termed the Ideal Student Factor (ISF), but the magnitude of this factor relative to specific factors was small. Mixed support was found for the hypothesized differences in the factor loadings on the ISF for different constructs included in the model. The presence of the ISF was not found to substantially impact the validity of other predictors within this study. The overall conclusion is that this general factor would not impact the use of these biodata and situational judgment items in college admissions.
Enhanced dielectric and microwave absorption properties of LiCoO2 powders by magnesium doping in the X‐band
Authors: Yang Minghao , Zhou Wancheng , Luo Fa , Zhu Dongmei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe solid‐state reaction was adopted to prepare a series of LiCo1−xMgxO2 powders doped with different amount of Mg2+. The XRD patterns reveal single phase for all the prepared materials. The shift of the electronic structure of LiCo1−xMgxO2 has been investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the single phase for material. Influence of dopant amount on the electromagnetic properties of LiCoO2 powders was analyzed. The dielectric and the microwave absorption properties were evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in Mg the complex permittivity decreased after increasing. Maximum values of both real part (ε′ = 16.2 at 8.2 GHz) and imaginary part (ε″ = 4.1 at 8.2 GHz) were obtained for x = 0.06. Monolayer absorbent containing 75 wt% LiCo0.94Mg0.06O2 had the peak microwave absorption properties in a thickness of 2.1 mm. The available bandwidth (<−10 dB) was obtained in 8.4‐10.2 GHz and the minimum reflection loss was −50.4 dB, which indicated that LiCo1−xMgxO2 powders would be potential materials as microwave absorption.
Psychosocial interventions for pain management in older adults with dementia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pu Lihui , Moyle Wendy , Jones Cindy , Todorovic Michael 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on pain in older adults living with dementia.DesignA systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesScopus, ProQuest, EBSCO (CINAHL and MEDLINE), PubMed, OVID (PsycINFO), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception up to 2 May 2018.Review MethodsRisk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis were conducted according to the Cochrane methods using RevMan 5.3 and findings were generated using the GRADE profiler software.ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria, but the quality of the current evidence was low to moderate. Results showed that psychosocial interventions significantly reduced the observational pain score and pain medication. Subgroup analyses indicated that sensory stimulation and individual interventions showed a reduction in observational pain in people with dementia.ConclusionFindings suggest that psychosocial interventions may be potentially effective alternatives for pain management in people with dementia. However, caution is needed in interpreting these results due to limited studies, risk of bias and heterogeneity across studies. Furthermore, well‐designed research is needed on psychosocial interventions to strengthen quality of pain management in people with dementia.ImpactThis review synthesized current evidence using psychosocial interventions to manage pain in people with dementia. Findings suggest that psychosocial interventions may lead to a potential reduction in pain and pain medication in people with dementia. Healthcare providers may wish to integrate psychosocial interventions as part of the multimodal approach to the management of pain in people living with dementia.
Ipragliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces bodyweight and fat mass, but not muscle mass, in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Inoue Hideka , Morino Katsutaro , Ugi Satoshi , Tanaka‐Mizuno Sachiko , Fuse Keiko , Miyazawa Itsuko , Kondo Keiko , Sato Daisuke , Ohashi Natsuko , Ida Shogo , Sekine Osamu , Yoshimura Masahiro , Murata Kiyoshi , Miura Katsuyuki , Arima Hisatomi , Maegawa Hiroshi ,   the SUMS‐ADDIT‐1 Research group
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce bodyweight (BW) by creating a negative energy balance. Previous reports have suggested that this BW reduction is mainly loss of body fat and that ~20% of the reduction is lean mass. However, the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on BW and body composition remain unclear. We examined these effects in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin.Materials and MethodsIn this open‐label, randomized controlled trial, 49 overweight patients (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2) with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c >7.0%) receiving insulin treatment were randomly assigned to receive add‐on ipragliflozin or no additional treatment (control group). Patients were followed for 24 weeks. The goal for all patients was to achieve glycated hemoglobin <7.0% without hypoglycemia. The primary end‐point was a change in BW from baseline to week 24. Body composition was assessed with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis.ResultsBW change was significantly larger in the ipragliflozin group than in the control group (−2.78 vs −0.22 kg, P < 0.0001). Total fat mass was reduced evenly in the arms, lower limbs and trunk in the ipragliflozin group. Total muscle mass and bone mineral content were maintained, but muscle mass in the arms might have been affected by ipragliflozin treatment.ConclusionsIpragliflozin treatment for 24 weeks resulted in reduced BW, mainly from fat mass loss. Muscle mass and bone mineral content were maintained. Further study is necessary to elucidate the long‐term effects of ipragliflozin.
Laboratory captivity can affect scores of metabolic rates and activity in wild brown trout
Authors: Závorka L. , Brijs J. , Wengström N. , Wallerius M. L. , Näslund J. , Koeck B. , Aldvén D. , Lassus R. , Höjesjö J. , Johnsson J. I. , Cucherousset J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhenotypic scoring of wild animals under standardized laboratory conditions is important as it allows field ecologists and evolutionary biologists to understand the development and maintenance of interindividual differences in plastic traits (e.g. behaviour and physiology). However, captivity is associated with a shift from a natural familiar environment to an unfamiliar and artificial environment, which may affect estimates of plastic phenotypic traits. In this study, we tested how previous experience with laboratory environments and time spent in captivity affects behavioural (i.e. activity) and metabolic (i.e. standard and maximum metabolic rates) scoring of our model species, wild brown trout Salmo trutta. We found that individuals with previous experience of laboratory captivity (10.5 months earlier) showed higher activity in an open field test than individuals with no prior experience of laboratory captivity. Previous experience with captivity had no significant effect on metabolic rates. However, metabolic rates seemed to increase with increasing time spent in captivity prior to the collection of measurements. Although there are benefits of keeping wild animals in captivity prior to scoring, our results suggest that while allowing for sufficient acclimatization researchers should aim at minimizing time in captivity of wild animals to increase accuracy and ecological relevance of the scoring of plastic phenotypic traits.
The Prevalence of Educational Neuromyths Among Pre‐Service Special Education Teachers
Authors: Ruhaak Amy E. , Cook Bryan G. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEducational neuromyths are commonly accepted, erroneous beliefs based on misunderstandings of neuroscience that contribute to pseudoscientific practice within education. We examined the beliefs and perspectives of special education pre‐service teachers related to educational neuromyths and corresponding instructional practices using a mixed‐methods design. Data from survey (n = 129) and interview participants (n = 6) indicate misperceptions of neuromyths and gaps in general knowledge of the brain, learning, and behavior. Participants who accurately identified neuromyths indicated they were more likely to implement effective instructional practices, and findings indicated a small, positive correlation between education coursework and accurate identification of neuromyths. Qualitative findings suggest participants are confused by the terminology surrounding educational neuromyths and do not know how to identify pseudoscientific neuromyth‐based practices. Recommendations for addressing the proliferation of neuromyths are provided.
Zernike‐moment measurement of thin‐crack width in images enabled by dual‐scale deep learning
Authors: Ni FuTao , Zhang Jian , Chen ZhiQiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough crack inspection is a routine practice in civil infrastructure management (especially for highway bridge structures), it is time‐consuming and safety‐concerning to trained engineers and costly to the stakeholders. To automate this in the near future, the algorithmic challenge at the onset is to detect and localize cracks in imagery data with complex scenes. The rise of deep learning (DL) sheds light on overcoming this challenge through learning from imagery big data. However, how to exploit DL techniques is yet to be fully explored. One primary component of practical crack inspection is that it is not merely detection via visual recognition. To evaluate the potential risk of structural failure, it entails quantitative characterization, which usually includes crack width measurement. To further facilitate the automation of machine‐vision‐based concrete crack inspection, this article proposes a DL‐enabled quantitative crack width measurement method. In the detection and mapping phase, dual‐scale convolutional neural networks are designed to detect cracks in complex scene images with validated high accuracy. Subsequently, a novel crack width estimation method based on the use of Zernike moment operator is further developed for thin cracks. The experimental results based on a laboratory loading test agree well with the direct measurements, which substantiates the effectiveness of the proposed method for quantitative crack detection.
Allocation of deceased donor kidneys: A review of international practices
Authors: Lee Darren , Kanellis John , Mulley William R 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe demand for kidney transplantation continues to exceed the availability of deceased donor kidneys. Balancing the overarching principles of the optimal use of (utility) and equal access to (equity) this scarce resource requires a sophisticated allocation system. This review will examine how various factors are addressed in allocation systems around the world to strike a balance between utility and equity.
Same day versus next day antroduodenal manometry results in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: A prospective study
Authors: Arbizu Ricardo A. , Nurko Samuel , Heinz Nicole , Amicangelo Maureen , Rodriguez Leonel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the changes in antroduodenal manometry (ADM) parameters and interpretation when the test is performed the day of catheter placement and the following day.MethodsCatheter was placed endoscopically under anesthesia and recorded on day 1 and repeated on day 2. Study parameters including antrum and small bowel motility index (MI) during fasting, meal, postprandial, erythromycin (EES), and octreotide (OCT) challenge phases, the presence of the phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC), visual postprandial response, and study interpretation were compared between both days.Key ResultsTwenty patients were studied. Antrum and small bowel MI during fasting, postprandial, and EES challenge phases were significantly higher on day 2 than on day 1 (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients having a phase III of the MMC was significantly higher on day 2 compared to day 1 (65% vs 15%;P = 0.006). Study interpretation changed from day 1 to day 2. On day 1, 70% of the patients had a normal study and 30% had an abnormal study. On day 2, 67% of the patients with an abnormal study on day 1 changed to normal and 33% remained abnormal. All patients with a normal study on day 1 remained normal on day 2.Conclusions and InferencesADM parameters are affected the day of catheter placement. The MI and presence of the phase III of the MMC were significantly higher on day 2 compared to day 1. Overall, ADM study interpretation changed from day 1 to day 2 in 20% of the patients.
Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection alters the number of neurons and the proportion of enteric glial cells in the duodenum in Wistar rats
Authors: Trevizan Aline Rosa , Schneider Larissa Carla Lauer , Araújo Eduardo José de Almeida , Garcia João Luis , Buttow Nilza C. , Nogueira‐Melo Gessilda de Alcântara , Sant'Ana Débora de Mello Gonçales 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasma gondii infection can occur through the ingestion of raw meat that contains tissue cysts or food that contains oocysts. Through the ingestion of oocysts, the parasite crosses the intestinal barrier, where the enteric nervous system is located. The objective was to investigate the kinetics of neuronal and glial responses during acute T. gondii infection.MethodsWe used 45 Wistar rats that were divided into a control group and infected groups that were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days after infection. The rats received 5000 sporulated oocysts of the parasite orally. To detect neurons and enteric glia cells, the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the duodenum underwent double‐labeling immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate HuC/HuD and S100, HuC/HuD and ChAT, and HuC/HuD and nNOS.Key ResultsWe observed a reduction of the total neuron population in the submucosal plexus 72 hours after infection. Cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus 15 days after infection, and nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus 72 hours after infection. A decrease in the number of glial cells was observed 7 days after infection in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell (EGC)/neuron ratio was found in both plexuses 48 hours after infection.Conclusions and InferencesWe found decrease of neurons and increase in the EGC/neuron ratio in both plexuses caused by acute T. gondii infection, with major alterations 72 hours after oral infection.

The number of cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus, and the number of nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus.
A decrease in the number of enteric glial cells was observed in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell/neuron ratio was observed in both ganglionate plexuses of the duodenum.