bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging traits for insight into the fungal ecology of burned ecosystems
Authors: Hopkins Jacob R. , Bennett Alison E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFungi play key roles in the fire‐fuel feedbacks that structure ~40% of the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, yet a general understanding of fungal responses to fire is lacking. While fire and associated stressor effects on fungi vary based on fire regime components like severity, intensity, and frequency, their influence on fungi can be categorized into three primary phases based on when they influence fungi: during fire, early post‐fire, and later post‐fire. We first identify key fire‐associated phenomic traits and similarities in fungal responses to fire across time. Then, we synthesize this information by linking fire effects to specific fungal traits and response groups to produce trait profiles useful for classifying pyrophilic fungi. The goal of this review is to consolidate fire‐associated phenomic trait data into trait profiles that can be used in combination with fungal genomic data and associated methodologies. These profiles produce an invaluable framework for understanding fungal roles in fire regimes and identify previously unknown trends in fungal responses to fire and associated stressors including heat shock responses, pigmentation, and dispersal into and out of burned environments.
Mesenchymal precursor cells reduce mortality and major morbidity in ischaemic heart failure with inflammation: DREAM‐HF
Authors: Perin Emerson C. , Borow Kenneth M. , Henry Timothy D. , Jenkins Margaret , Rutman Olga , Hayes Jack , James Christopher W. , Rose Eric , Skali Hicham , Itescu Silviu , Greenberg Barry 
Published: November 2024

AimsProgressive heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is adversely affected by alterations in the myocardial balance between bone marrow‐derived pro‐inflammatory cardiac macrophages and embryo‐derived reparative cardiac resident macrophages. Mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) may restore this balance and improve clinical outcomes when inflammation is present. The purpose was to (i) identify risk factors for cardiovascular death (CVD) in control patients with HFrEF in the DREAM‐HF trial, and (ii) determine if MPCs improve major clinical outcomes (CVD, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke) in high‐risk patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation.Methods and resultsCause‐specific regression analyses were used to identify CVD risk factors in DREAM‐HF control patients. Aalen–Johansen cumulative incidence curves were used to examine CVD, 2‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (MI or stroke), and 3‐point MACE (CVD or MI or stroke) by treatment group in ischaemic vs non‐ischaemic HFrEF and in patients with or without baseline inflammation. In control DREAM‐HF patients, factors portending the greatest risk for CVD were inflammation (baseline plasma high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ≥2 mg/L; p = 0.003) and ischaemic HFrEF aetiology (p = 0.097), with increased CVD risk of 61% and 38%, respectively. Over 30‐month mean follow‐up, MPCs reduced 2‐point and 3‐point MACE by 88% (p = 0.005) and 52% (p = 0.018), respectively, in patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation compared to controls.ConclusionIschaemic aetiology and inflammation were identified as major risk factors for MACE in control DREAM‐HF patients. A single intramyocardial MPC administration produced the most significant, sustained reduction in 2‐point and 3‐point MACE in patients with ischaemic HFrEF and inflammation.
Hollaender award 2023: Adventures in applied genetic toxicology
Authors: Elespuru Rosalie K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work describes career “adventures” into applied research in environmental mutagenesis. Surprising and interesting results, as well as publications in Nature and Science, may counter an assumption that applied research is not as exciting or impactful as basic research. The narrative is described in terms of “mentors,” whose advice had a lasting impact and resonated in many ways. Adventures included forays into nitrosamine mutagenicity, nanomaterial assessment, photoactivated DNA damaging agents, p53 gene mutagenicity, germ cell mutagenic risk, bacterial mutagenicity assays, genotoxicity of cell phone radiation, Covid diagnostic PCR assays, personalized cancer prevention, and >25 years in regulatory safety assessment at FDA. FDA work included review of genotoxicity data, experiments in the lab, international standards generation, and collaboration with others to foster better analyses of DNA damaging agents, generally in relation to cancer risk. As demonstrated by accidental adventures that led to scientific as well as life‐altering personal realizations, many of the most critical happenings in science and in life turn out to be “random,” unexpected, events. Finally, with this work and that of my lifelong tripmate William Lijinsky as models, it is suggested that a “non‐hypothesis driven,” open‐ended approach to research can be path‐breaking and forefront.
Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis and Simplified One‐Dimensional Analysis Methods for Full‐Scale Viscoelastic Damper Considering Strain Sensitivity
Authors: Sato Daiki , Liang Qijun , Osabel Dave Montellano 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTViscoelastic (VE) dampers are capable of dissipating energy over a variety of input vibration frequencies. They supplement both displacement‐ and velocity‐dependent restoring forces, thus, provide both stiffness and damping to the structure. For this, they are able to effectively mitigate both frequently occurring wind loads and seismic forces. They are sensitive to loading frequency, temperature, and strain level. Their combined sensitivity to both loading frequency and temperature is extensively researched through three‐dimensional finite element (3D‐FE) methods considering heat generation and transfer. However, they can experience a significant nonlinear reduction in dynamic mechanical properties under large strain levels. Pursuant to these, the previously developed 3D‐FE method is extended in this study by combining with a nonlinear strain level–sensitive constitutive rule to investigate the behavior of a full‐scale multilayer VE damper. This nonlinear 3D analysis method agrees accurately well with experimental results. Additionally, the 3D‐FE analysis results suggest an approach to one‐dimensional (1D) time‐history analysis. Despite of large strain level, the energy dissipation obtained from 3D‐FE analysis is uniform, further suggesting a framework for a simplified 1D approach, that is, considering uniform strain distribution. These 1D methods accurately predict VE damper global responses.
Last interglacial paleoshoreline location and tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the peri‐Tyrrhenian Sarno basin, southern Italy, constrained by tephrostratigraphy
Authors: Totaro Federica , Petrosino Paola , Valente Ettore , Arienzo Ilenia , D'Antonio Massimo , Di Vito Mauro A. , Giaccio Biagio , Jicha Brian R. , Petrelli Maurizio , Santangelo Nicoletta , Santo Antonio , Zanchetta Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide chronological constraints to reconstruct the Late Middle Pleistocene to Holocene geomorphological, stratigraphical and tectonic evolution of the inner Sarno plain, along the Tyrrhenian flank of Southern Italy. These constraints derive from tephrostratigraphical analysis and 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic deposits, chronologically constrained between ca. 40 ka and 184 ka, recovered from a borehole located in the pediment of the Sarno Mts. The lack of marine to transitional deposits in the borehole testifies that the entire area has been above sea level during this period. Conversely, analysis of previously drilled borehole data indicates the presence of an at least 200 m thick sequence of marine and transitional deposits beneath the Sarno Plain. The top of the marine to transitional deposits in the Sarno basin has been correlated with those in the San Valentino Torio High to the SW, dated to the MIS 5. Consequently, it may be envisaged that the upper portion of the marine deposits in the Sarno Plain also correlates with the MIS 5. This allows to estimate a mean subsidence rate in the last 125 ka, which is 0.32 mm/a. On the other hand, the uninterrupted 200 m‐thick marine succession means that subsidence in the Sarno basin was ≥0.7 mm/a during the preceding interval between ~285 ka and the last interglacial (LIG; MIS 9‐MIS 5). The subsidence was likely driven by the activity of the Sarno Fault, whose slip rate in the last 40 ka was significantly lower than the subsidence rate since the LIG and the MIS 9‐LIG interval. This implies that the fault slip rate has decreased during the last 285 ka. This paper provides a valuable contribution to the study of the complex interplay between glacio‐eustatic oscillations and tectonics to assess reliable paleo‐sea level indicators.
Evaluating Inflation Forecasts in the Euro Area and the Role of the ECB
Authors: Candelon Bertrand , Roccazzella Francesco 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the informative value of the ECB inflation forecasts vis‐à‐vis other institutional and model‐based forecasts in the euro area using ex post optimal combinations of forecasts and nonnegative weights. From a methodological perspective, we adapt the corresponding forecast encompassing test to the constrained parameter space, showcasing its superior performance over traditional encompassing tests in both size and power properties. Empirically, the combining weights and the forecast encompassing test reveal that the ECB was the most informative forecaster of euro area inflation over the 2009–2021 period. This changed in 2022: The ECB lost its position as the most informative forecaster, and when using rolling windows to estimate the combining weights using a rolling window, we find an important decline in the ECB's weight over time. This time dependency can be associated with the economic environment and, in particular, the level of uncertainty, the monetary policy, and the macro‐financial conditions in which the ECB operates.
Prior antibiotics exposure is associated with an elevated risk of surgical site infections, including anastomotic leakage, after colon cancer but not rectal cancer surgery: A register‐based study of 38,839 patients
Authors: Lu Sai San Moon , Rutegård Martin , Häggström Christel , Gylfe Åsa , Harlid Sophia , Van Guelpen Bethany 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGut microbiota composition has been implicated in surgical site complications after colorectal cancer surgery. Antibiotics affect gut microbiota, but evidence for a role in surgical site complications is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate use of prescription antibiotics during the years before surgery in relation to the risk of surgical site infections, including anastomotic leakage, within 30 days after surgery. Cardiovascular/neurological complications and the urinary antiseptic methenamine hippurate, for which there is no clear link with the microbiota, were used as negative controls. We conducted a patient cohort study using complete population data from Swedish national registers between 2005 and 2020. The final study population comprised 26,527 colon cancer and 12,312 rectal cancer cases with a 4.5 year exposure window. In colon cancer patients, antibiotics use was associated with a higher risk of surgical site infections (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for any versus no use = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.33) and anastomotic leakage in particular (aOR =1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.36), both with dose–response relationships for increasing cumulative antibiotics use (Ptrend = <0.001 and Ptrend = 0.047, respectively). Conversely, associations in rectal cancer patients, as well as for the negative controls cardiovascular/neurological complications and methenamine hippurate, were null. In conclusion, prescription antibiotics use up to 4.5 years before colorectal cancer surgery is associated with a higher risk of surgical site infections, including anastomotic leakage, after colon cancer but not rectal cancer surgery. These findings support a role for antibiotics‐induced intestinal dysbiosis in surgical site infections.
Visceral literacies of marginalized adolescents in digital spaces: A cross‐case synthesis exploring affect and dialogue with texts
Authors: Jones Karis , Cooper‐Novack Gemma 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTextual consumption in digital spaces has come under scrutiny by educators who worry about youth's surface‐level comprehension of such texts as well as the polarizing nature of online discourse. This paper synthesizes affective concepts of critical witness and glimmers of care to explore two cases in which adolescent writers in digital OST programs engage with digital communities surrounding texts like comics, movies, and video games. We trace how focal youth across the programs engage in critical witness around issues of marginalization in digital spaces outside of class in order to produce advocacy‐focused compositions addressing issues they encountered and discussed across informal digital learning spaces. We identified a common trajectory across both cases for these youth advocates: (1) experiencing and witnessing marginalization in digital spaces outside of class; (2) bringing critical witness to (digital) class; leading to (3) constellations of advocacy produced through compositions. Teachers can support such adolescents through affectively attuned instructional practices like framing spaces to center youth voices, providing multiple channels for peer conversation, inviting youth to co‐design expansive and creative assessments, and cultivating reciprocal understanding of power and vulnerability through practices of critical witness.
Effects of 1267 nm Illumination on Microcirculation Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Eratova Lyubov , Makovik Irina , Dremin Viktor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explored the effects of 1267 nm laser irradiation on changes in blood flow parameters and activation of the regulatory mechanisms of the microcirculatory bed (MCB). Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) technique and time‐frequency analysis of perfusion signals, changes in the MCB of 16 healthy volunteers, targeting the distal phalanx of the third finger with 1267 nm laser irradiation were evaluated. Results indicated no significant differences in perfusion between control and target measurements, likely due to blood flow redistribution caused by vessel dilation/constriction. However, differences in oscillation amplitudes in endothelial and myogenic ranges were observed, suggesting microcirculation self‐regulation. Detailed analysis revealed characteristic peaks in the endothelial range during and after irradiation, indicating endothelial mediator release. It is assumed that the identified effects may be related to the singlet oxygen generated by 1267 nm laser irradiation, which directly affects the MCB, manifesting as endothelium‐dependent vascular activity.
Long‐Term Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Biopsy‐Negative Patients With Baseline Biparametric Prostate MRI
Authors: Parhiala Laura , Knaapila Juha , Jambor Ivan , Verho Janne , Syvänen Kari , Aronen Hannu , Boström Peter , Ettala Otto 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe long‐term prevalence of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients with initial negative prostate biopsy is unknown.PurposeTo investigate the rate of csPCa of men with initial negative biopsy.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.PopulationA total of 197 men (mean age 63 years [SD ±6.98, range 29–79]) without csPCa on initial biopsy and available baseline biparametric prostate MRI (bpMRI).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted (axial and sagittal) and three sets of diffusion‐weighted imaging using single‐shot spin‐echo planar imaging (5 b‐values 0–500 seconds/mm2; 2 b‐values 0 and 1500 seconds/mm2, and 2 b‐values 0 and 2000 seconds/mm2).AssessmentBpMRI was read using Prostate Imaging Reporting Data System (PI‐RADS) v2.1. Systematic or targeted biopsy results served as reference standard.Statistical TestsContinuous variables were compared using Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. Categorical variables were compared using either Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi‐square test. Uni‐ and multivariate regression odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were used to study factors affecting csPCa being diagnosed during follow‐up. Time to diagnosis of csPCa is calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf 197 men, 74 (38%), 57 (29%), and 66 (34%) presented with PI‐RADS 1–2, 3, and 4–5 findings in the baseline bpMRI. During the median follow‐up of 52 months, 8.1%, 5.3%, and 18.2% of these men were diagnosed with csPCa, respectively. Baseline PI‐RADS finding was the only factor that associated with csPCa found during the follow‐up.Data ConclusionBaseline bpMRI with PI‐RADS scores 1–3 and initial biopsies negative of csPCa had low rate of csPCa during follow‐up, which supports more conservative follow‐up for them but further research with longer follow‐up is warranted.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Immediate Postoperative Changes After Expansion Pharyngoplasty and Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Yu Phoebe K. , Wong Victoria , Cook Kaitlyn , Huyett Phillip 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivePatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at an increased risk for perioperative cardiopulmonary complications. Our objective was to assess the postoperative effects of hypoglossal nerve stimulation implantation (HGNS) and expansion pharyngoplasty (EP) on longitudinal sleep apnea measures as a surrogate for respiratory complications.Study DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study of patients with OSA undergoing HGNS or EP.MethodsSleep studies were performed with the NightOwl Mini peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) device. Changes in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and oximetry time below 90% (T90) were assessed between two baseline PAT studies prior to surgery and nightly PAT studies for the first postoperative nights (PON) 1–7, 10, and 14.ResultsThirty patients were enrolled (19 HGNS, 11 EP). The mean age was 52.6 years, 76.7% were male, and the mean clinical baseline AHI was 29.8/h. There were no significant changes in the AHI or T90 following HGNS implantation. Following EP, there was a statistically significant mean increase in AHI of +19.2/h on PON1, +24.9/h on PON2, and + 20/h on PON3 compared to baseline. T90 was also elevated after EP on PON1, 4, and 5. The mean increase in T90 was +7.4% (95% CI 2.9, 11.9) on PON1 compared to baseline.ConclusionsIn the immediate postoperative period, there were no significant changes in AHI or hypoxemia after HGNS, suggesting that there is no need for routine overnight observation after HGNS. There were significant increases in AHI and hypoxemia after EP suggesting that postoperative disposition should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 2024
Producing plankton classifiers that are robust to dataset shift
Authors: Chen C. , Kyathanahally S. P. , Reyes M. , Merkli S. , Merz E. , Francazi E. , Hoege M. , Pomati F. , Baity‐Jesi M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractModern plankton high‐throughput monitoring relies on deep learning classifiers for species recognition in water ecosystems. Despite satisfactory nominal performances, a significant challenge arises from dataset shift, which causes performances to drop during deployment. In our study, we integrate the ZooLake dataset, which consists of dark‐field images of lake plankton (Kyathanahally et al. 2021a), with manually annotated images from 10 independent days of deployment, serving as test cells to benchmark out‐of‐dataset (OOD) performances. Our analysis reveals instances where classifiers, initially performing well in in‐dataset conditions, encounter notable failures in practical scenarios. For example, a MobileNet with a 92% nominal test accuracy shows a 77% OOD accuracy. We systematically investigate conditions leading to OOD performance drops and propose a preemptive assessment method to identify potential pitfalls when classifying new data, and pinpoint features in OOD images that adversely impact classification. We present a three‐step pipeline: (i) identifying OOD degradation compared to nominal test performance, (ii) conducting a diagnostic analysis of degradation causes, and (iii) providing solutions. We find that ensembles of BEiT vision transformers, with targeted augmentations addressing OOD robustness, geometric ensembling, and rotation‐based test‐time augmentation, constitute the most robust model, which we call BEsT. It achieves an 83% OOD accuracy, with errors concentrated on container classes. Moreover, it exhibits lower sensitivity to dataset shift, and reproduces well the plankton abundances. Our proposed pipeline is applicable to generic plankton classifiers, contingent on the availability of suitable test cells. By identifying critical shortcomings and offering practical procedures to fortify models against dataset shift, our study contributes to the development of more reliable plankton classification technologies.
Super‐Large Field‐of‐View, High‐Accurate and Real‐Time 3D Scene Reconstruction Based on Metasurface‐Enabled Structured Light
Authors: Zhang Zhengren , Qu Anjun , Yang Mengran , Li Zile , Huang Tian , Chen Shuqi , Cheng Hua , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on structured light (SL) has wide applications in fields such as artificial intelligence, surveying and mapping, and precision manufacturing. An ideal 3D reconstruction system features both wide field‐of‐views (FOV), high‐accuracy and high‐speed reconstruction and ultracompact volume. However, these criteria have been achieved only partially with conventional SL techniques like optical projector and differentiate optical element, which will substantially limit their practical applications. In this study, an ultracompact SL and its 3D reconstruction system is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits super‐large FOV angles up to 210° × 210°, only 3.8‰ reconstruction errors, real‐time processing speeds up to 30 fps and SL dimensions as small as 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm. Specifically, the SL is realized with a resonant geometric metasurface, which can produce tens of thousands of random dots and project them into the whole 4π free space. The metasurface enabled SL is collaborated with a binocular stereoscopic camera and advanced 3D reconstruction algorism to form a practical 3D reconstruction system, which can provide robust hardware and software support for high‐accuracy and real‐time 3D scene reconstruction.
Approximation Schemes for Parallel Machine Scheduling to Maximize Total Weighted Early Work With a Common Due Date
Authors: Li Weidong , Ou Jinwen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study a parallel machine scheduling problem with a common due date to maximize total weighted early work. We present the first EPTAS (efficient polynomial time approximation scheme) for this scheduling problem. In the EPTAS, we first schedule the large jobs with rounded processing times via an integer programming formulation and a network‐flow‐based algorithm, followed by further scheduling the small jobs via a greedy method. For the special case in which the number of machines is fixed, we design an FPTAS (fully polynomial time approximation scheme).