bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of stroke associated with use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs during acute respiratory infection episode
Authors: Wen Yao‐Chun , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan , Lin Zhen‐Fang , Fang Cheng‐Chung , Shen Li‐Jiuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggested that acute respiratory infection (ARI) could trigger stroke and that use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with increased risk of stroke. In many countries, NSAIDs have been widely used among patients with ARI or common cold for pain and fever relief. However, studies evaluating whether NSAIDs use during ARI episodes may further increase the risk of stroke were very limited.Methods and ResultsDuring 2007 to 2011, 29 518 patients with an incident hospitalization of stroke were identified. The date of admission was defined as the index date. Using case‐crossover design, we compared the following exposure status between the case period (1‐ to 7‐d period before the index date) and matched control period (366‐ to 372‐d period before the index date): NSAIDs use during ARI episodes, ARI episodes without NSAIDs use, NSAIDs use only, or no exposure. Multivariable conditional regression models were used to estimate odds ratios adjusting potential confounders. The results suggested that NSAIDs use during ARI episodes was associated with a 2.3‐fold increased risk of stroke (ischemic: adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.27, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 2.00‐2.58; hemorrhagic: aOR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.71‐3.02). We also determined that parenteral NSAIDs were associated with much higher risk of stroke in patients with ARI.ConclusionsNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use during ARI episodes, especially parenteral NSAIDs use, was associated with a further increased risk of stroke.
A tool for assessment of heart failure prescribing quality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: El Hadidi Seif , Darweesh Ebtissam , Byrne Stephen , Bermingham Margaret 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) guidelines aim to standardise patient care. Internationally, prescribing practice in HF may deviate from guidelines and so a standardised tool is required to assess prescribing quality. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to identify a quantitative tool for measuring adherence to HF guidelines and its clinical implications.MethodsEleven electronic databases were searched to include studies reporting a comprehensive tool for measuring adherence to prescribing guidelines in HF patients aged ≥18 years. Qualitative studies or studies measuring prescription rates alone were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Good ReseArch for Comparative Effectiveness Checklist.ResultsIn total, 2455 studies were identified. Sixteen eligible full‐text articles were included (n = 14 354 patients, mean age 69 ± 8 y). The Guideline Adherence Index (GAI), and its modified versions, was the most frequently cited tool (n = 13). Other tools identified were the Individualised Reconciled Evidence Recommendations, the Composite Heart Failure Performance, and the Heart Failure Scale. The meta‐analysis included the GAI studies of good to high quality. The average GAI‐3 was 62%. Compared to low GAI, high GAI patients had lower mortality rate (7.6% vs 33.9%) and lower rehospitalisation rates (23.5% vs 24.5%); both P ≤ .05. High GAI was associated with reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval, 0.06‐0.51) and rehospitalisation (hazard ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval, 0.41‐1.00). No tool was used to improve prescribing quality.ConclusionThe GAI is the most frequently used tool to assess guideline adherence in HF. High GAI is associated with improved HF outcomes.
Comprehensive study of potential‐induced degradation in silicon heterojunction photovoltaic cell modules
Authors: Yamaguchi Seira , Yamamoto Chizuko , Ohdaira Keisuke , Masuda Atsushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccelerated tests were used to study potential‐induced degradation (PID) in photovoltaic (PV) modules fabricated from silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells containing tungsten‐doped indium oxide (IWO) transparent conductive films on both sides of the cells and a rear‐side emitter. A negative bias of −1000 V was applied to a module with respect to the cover glass surface in a chamber maintained at 85°C, which significantly reduced the cell's short‐circuit current density (Jsc) within several days. Based on dark current density‐voltage and external quantum efficiency measurements, the reduction in the Jsc was attributed to optical losses rather than carrier recombination. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed the formation of metallic indium (In) in the IWO layers of a degraded cell, which suggests that the root cause of the optical loss was a darkening of the front IWO layers caused by the precipitation of metallic In. In extremely severe PID tests, the SHJ PV modules exhibited not only a further reduction in the Jsc but also a moderate reduction in the open‐circuit voltage (Voc). These Jsc and Voc reductions were probably caused by sodium being introduced into the base region of the cells. A comparison of the PID test results of the SHJ PV modules with those of other types of PV modules indicates that SHJ PV modules have a relatively high resistance to PID. As a module with an ionomer encapsulant exhibited little degradation, their high resistances to PID may be further improved by using encapsulants with high electrical resistances.
Light and durable: Composite structures for building‐integrated photovoltaic modules
Authors: Martins Ana C. , Chapuis Valentin , Sculati‐Meillaud Fanny , Virtuani Alessandro , Ballif Christophe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn several countries, building‐integrated photovoltaics solutions could prospectively contribute to the growth of total installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity as they enable electricity production with minimal impact on free land. However, in some circumstances, the relatively high weight (≥15 kg/m2) of existing glass/glass building‐integrated photovoltaics modules may constitute a barrier to the diffusion of PV in the built environment. With the aim of limiting the weight while preserving excellent mechanical stability and durability properties, we propose a new design for lightweight crystalline‐silicon (c‐Si) PV modules in which the conventional polymer backsheet (or glass) is replaced by a composite sandwich structure, and the frontsheet by a transparent polymer foil. Since sandwich structures are generally realized using epoxy as a gluing material, requiring long processing times, we further investigate (1) the possibility of using standard polymers used in the solar industry as alternative adhesives in the sandwich and (2) the possibility to considerably simplify manufacturing, using conventional lamination processes. Mini‐modules are produced, characterized, and submitted to accelerated aging tests (thermal cycling and damp‐heat) to assess the stability of the product against environmental degradation. We show that, by using the reference epoxy adhesive, it is possible to manufacture a lightweight (~5 kg/m2) mini‐module in a 2‐step process, which successfully passes a selection of industry qualification tests, including thermal cycling, damp‐heat, and hail test. We further show that, by replacing epoxy by a PV adhesive, we are able to considerably simplify the manufacturing process, while preserving excellent mechanical and durability properties.
Band gap engineering of atomic layer deposited ZnxSn1‐xO buffer for efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell
Authors: Agbenyeke Raphael Edem , Song Soomin , Park Bo Keun , Kim Gun Hwan , Yun Jae Ho , Chung Taek‐Mo , Kim Chang Gyoun , Han Jeong Hwan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTernary zinc tin oxide (ZTO) is one of the few environmental compatible buffer materials with the potential of replacing the n‐CdS buffer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells and other photovoltaic systems once its properties are fully understood and optimized. In this work, ZTO films were grown by atomic layer deposition and were logically characterized with the aim of understanding the correlations between compositional changes and film properties. The ZnO:SnO2 pulse ratio significantly affected the growth rate, crystal structure, morphology, and band gap of the ZTO films. By controlling the Sn/(Sn + Zn) atomic ratio, the optical band gap of the ZTO films was tuned between 3.05 and 3.36 eV. Integrating the ZTO films as buffer layers in CIGS solar cells, we observed that films with Sn concentrations of 9 to 16 at.% yielded photo‐conversion efficiency close to 14%, which was very comparable to efficiency attained with the commonly used CdS buffer. Furthermore, using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, we correlated the current‐voltage behavior of the cells to the conduction band offset at the ZTO/ CIGS interface.
PSA‐alpha‐2‐macroglobulin complex is enzymatically active in the serum of patients with advanced prostate cancer and can degrade circulating peptide hormones
Authors: Kostova Maya B. , Brennen William Nathaniel , Lopez David , Anthony Lizamma , Wang Hao , Platz Elizabeth , Denmeade Samuel R. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundProstate cancer cells produce high levels of the serine protease Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA). PSA is enzymatically active in the tumor microenvironment but is presumed to be enzymatically inactive in the blood due to complex formation with serum protease inhibitors α‐1‐antichymotrypsin and α‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M). PSA‐A2M complexes cannot be measured by standard ELISA assays and are also rapidly cleared from the circulation. Thus the exact magnitude of PSA production by prostate cancer cells is not easily measured. The PSA complexed to A2M is unable to cleave proteins but maintains the ability to cleave small peptide substrates. Thus, in advanced prostate cancer, sufficient PSA‐A2M may be in circulation to effect total A2M levels, levels of cytokines bound to A2M and hydrolyze small circulating peptide hormones.MethodsTotal A2M levels in men with advanced prostate cancer and PSA levels above 1000 ng/mL were measured by ELISA and compared to controls. Additional ELISA assays were used to measure levels of IL‐6 and TGF‐beta which can bind to A2M. The ability of PSA‐A2M complexes to hydrolyze protein and peptide substrates was analyzed ± PSA inhibitor. Enzymatic activity of PSA‐A2M in serum of men with high PSA levels was also assayed.ResultsSerum A2M levels are inversely correlated with PSA levels in men with advanced prostate cancer. Il‐6 Levels are significantly elevated in men with PSA >1000 ng/mL compared to controls with PSA <0.1 ng/mL. PSA‐A2M complex in serum of men with PSA levels >1000 ng/mL can hydrolyze small fluorescently labeled peptide substrates but not large proteins that are PSA substrates. PSA can hydrolyze small peptide hormones like PTHrP and osteocalcin. PSA complexed to A2M retains the ability to degrade PTHrP.ConclusionsIn advanced prostate cancer with PSA levels >1000 ng/mL, sufficient PSA‐A2M is present in circulation to produce enzymatic activity against circulating small peptide hormones. Sufficient PSA is produced in advanced prostate cancer to alter total A2M levels, which can potentially alter levels of a variety of growth factors such as IL‐6, TGF‐beta, basic FGF, and PDGF. Alterations in levels of these cytokines and proteolytic degradation of small peptide hormones may have profound effect on host‐cancer interaction.
Editorial introduction: Situated agency in the context of research on children, migration, and family in Asia
Authors: Choi Susanne Y.P. , Yeoh Brenda S.A. , Lam Theodora 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiven far less attention than adult members in the burgeoning migration scholarship, children (and their parents) are brought to the foreground in this themed section as agentic subjects whose lives are linked to and impacted by migration processes operating across borders. In tandem with this focus, this special‐themed section situates the agency of children and their parents within broader socio‐economic structures of regional inequalities, local economic stagnation and cross‐border demand for low‐waged labour, state policy failures, ethnic group disparities, technological advances that facilitate cross‐border mobility, and the transnational performance of familyhood. By incorporating children's relationships with people and places nearby and afar and situating their agency within broader socio‐economic and political contexts, we hope that the analytical framework of “situated agency” developed in this themed section will encourage more studies linking macro structures with micro interpersonal dynamics and actions in growing Asia‐based research related to migration and mobility across space and place.
A global coupled ensemble data assimilation system using the Community Earth System Model and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed
Authors: Karspeck Alicia R. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Anderson Jeffrey , Karol Svetlana , Collins Nancy , Vertenstein Mariana , Raeder Kevin , Hoar Tim , Neale Richard , Edwards Jim , Craig Anthony 
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a description of the CESM/DART ensemble coupled data assimilation (DA) system based on the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) assimilation software. The CESM/DART should be viewed as a flexible system to support the DA needs of the CESM research community and not as a static reanalysis product.In this implementation of the CESM/DART, conventional insitu observations of the ocean and atmosphere are assimilated into the respective component models of the CESM using a 30‐member ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF). CESM/DART is run in a “weakly coupled” configuration wherein observations native to each climate system component only directly impact the state vector for that component. Information is passed between components indirectly through the short‐term coupled model forecasts that provide the EAKF background ensemble. This system leverages previous ensemble DA development for the Community Atmosphere Model and Parallel Ocean Program models using the DART EAKF. The CESM/DART project is a step towards providing increasingly useful DA capabilities for the CESM research community.Results are presented for our prototype 12‐year reanalysis, run from 1970 to mid 1982. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that the system is capable of constraining the CESM coupled model to simulate the historical variability of the climate system in the well‐observed Northern Hemisphere. A collection of monthly average variables, climate mode indices, observation diagnostics and snapshots of synoptic weather in the ocean and atmosphere are compared to established datasets, showing especially good agreement in the Northern Hemisphere. A discussion of the CESM/DART as a modular, community facility and the benefits and challenges associated with this vision is also included.
Derivative of electron repulsion integral using accompanying coordinate expansion and transferred recurrence relation method for long contraction and high angular momentum
Authors: Hayami Masao , Seino Junji , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, an early‐working algorithm is designed to evaluate derivatives of electron repulsion integrals (DERIs) for heavy‐element systems. The algorithm is constructed to extend the accompanying coordinate expansion and transferred recurrence relation (ACE‐TRR) method, which was developed for rapid evaluation of electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) in our previous article (M. Hayami, J. Seino, and H. Nakai, J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 142, 204110). The algorithm was formulated using the Gaussian derivative rule to decompose a DERI of two ERIs with the same sets of exponents, different sets of contraction coefficients, and different angular momenta. The algorithms designed for segmented and general contraction basis sets are presented as well. Numerical assessments of the central processing unit time of gradients for molecules were conducted to demonstrate the high efficiency of the ACE‐TRR method for systems containing heavy elements. These heavy elements may include a metal complex and metal clusters, whose basis sets contain functions with long contractions and high angular momenta.
Substituted Aroylhydrazone Based Polycatenars: Tuning of Liquid Crystalline Self‐Assembly
Authors: Singh Hemant K. , Pradhan Balaram , Singh Sachin K. , Nandi Rajib , Rao Doddamane S. Shankar , Prasad Subbarao K. , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S. , Singh Bachcha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA systematic investigation on mesomorphic properties of two new classes of substituted‐aroylhydrazones having semi‐flexible ester (ester based polycatenars) and flexible ether linker (ether based polycatenars) with variable alkoxy chain length (n=6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) are described. The members of each series with six soft alkoxy chains formed columnar self‐assembly as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis, polarized optical microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction studies. For the ester based polycatenar scaffolds, the mesophase of lower alkoxy chain members exhibited columnar oblique phase which further transformed to columnar hexagonal phase with the increase in the chain length and thus showing a mesophase crossover phenomenon. In the case of ether based polycatenars, the presence of ether link provides significant stabilization of the columnar oblique phase for all the members except the lower homologues. The driving forces for the appearance of columnar self‐assembly are the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the amide groups (‐C=O⋅⋅⋅H‐N‐) of aroylhydrazone core, which was confirmed by the temperature dependent IR studies. In addition, both the series of compounds exhibit good gelation properties, which is assisted by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
High Capacity, Dendrite‐Free Growth, and Minimum Volume Change Na Metal Anode
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yang Xiaofei , Kuo Liang‐Yin , Kaghazchi Payam , Sun Qian , Liang Jianneng , Wang Biqiong , Lushington Andrew , Li Ruying , Zhang Huamin , Sun Xueliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNa metal anode attracts increasing attention as a promising candidate for Na metal batteries (NMBs) due to the high specific capacity and low potential. However, similar to issues faced with the use of Li metal anode, crucial problems for metallic Na anode remain, including serious moss‐like and dendritic Na growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase formation, and large infinite volume changes. Here, the rational design of carbon paper (CP) with N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) as a 3D host to obtain Na@CP‐NCNTs composites electrodes for NMBs is demonstrated. In this design, 3D carbon paper plays a role as a skeleton for Na metal anode while vertical N‐doped carbon nanotubes can effectively decrease the contact angle between CP and liquid metal Na, which is termed as being “Na‐philic.” In addition, the cross‐conductive network characteristic of CP and NCNTs can decrease the effective local current density, resulting in uniform Na nucleation. Therefore, the as‐prepared Na@CP‐NCNT exhibits stable electrochemical plating/stripping performance in symmetrical cells even when using a high capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 at high current density. Furthermore, the 3D skeleton structure is observed to be intact following electrochemical cycling with minimum volume change and is dendrite‐free in nature.
Porous Pt‐Ni Nanowires within In Situ Generated Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Chemoselective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shao Qi , Wang Pengtang , Zhu Xing , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes is the major route to highly valuable industrially demanded unsaturated alcohols, it is still challenging, as the production of saturated aldehydes is more favorable over unsaturated alcohols from the view of thermodynamics. By combining the structural features of porous nanowires (NWs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), a unique class of porous Pt‐Ni NWs in situ encapsuled by MOFs (Pt‐Ni NWs@Ni/Fex‐MOFs) is designed to enhance the unsaturated alcohols selectivity in the cinnamaldehyde (CAL) hydrogenation. A detailed catalytic study shows that the porous Pt‐Ni NWs@Ni/Fex‐MOFs exhibit volcano‐type activity and selectivity in CAL hydrogenation as a function of Fe content. The optimized porous PtNi2.20 NWs@Ni/Fe4‐MOF is highly active and selective with 99.5% CAL conversion and 83.3% cinnamyl alcohol selectivity due to the confinement effect, appropriate thickness of MOF and its optimized electronic structure, and excellent durability with negligible activity and selectivity loss after five runs.
Light‐Induced Buckles Localized by Polymeric Inks Printed on Bilayer Films
Authors: Park Sungjune , Nallainathan Umaash , Mondal Kunal , Sen Pratik , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBuckling instabilities generate microscale features in thin films in a facile manner. Buckles can form, for example, by heating a metal/polymer film stack on a rigid substrate. Thermal expansion differences of the individual layers generate compressive stress that causes the metal to buckle over the entire surface. The ability to dictate and confine the location of buckle formation can enable patterns with more than one length scale, including hierarchical patterns. Here, sacrificial “ink” patterned on top of the film stack localizes the buckles via two mechanisms. First, stiff inks suppress buckles such that only the non‐inked regions buckle in response to infrared light. The metal in the non‐inked regions absorbs the infrared light and thus gets sufficiently hot to induce buckles. Second, soft inks that absorb light get hot faster than the non‐inked regions and promote buckling when exposed to visible light. The exposed metal in the non‐inked regions reflects the light and thus never get sufficiently hot to induce buckles. This second method works on glass substrates, but not silicon substrates, due to the superior thermal insulation of glass. The patterned ink can be removed, leaving behind hierarchical patterns consisting of regions of buckles among non‐buckled regions.
Recent advances in tubular joints experiments in Brazil
Authors: Lima Luciano , Vellasco Pedro , Silva André , Rodrigues Monique , Neves Luis , Guerrieiro Lucas , Mendes Flávio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner on the occasion of his 80th birthdayThe aesthetical and structural advantages of tubular structural elements sustained the increase in their use in Brazil in last decades. The joints between tubular members remain a critical issue, with many studies indicating that further research is still needed, particularly for some geometries. In the past, some experiments on the influence of the chord stresses over the brace load capacity were published, but a definitive answer to this design issues was not reached. The first part of this paper presents an experimental evaluation centred on the effect of tension and compression chord stresses over RHS chord to SHS braces T‐joints. The results showed that compressive chord stresses could considerably reduce the joint resistance. In contrast, when tension chord stresses are applied the joint resistance increases but this is still not considered in the design codes. Still considering the tubular joints structural behaviour, there are cases where the ultimate resistance of the tubular joints may be enhanced by using flange plates as reinforcement, instead of replacing the chord or braces with stronger sections. Bearing this scenario in mind, the second part of this paper presents some experimental results of SHS T‐joints reinforced with flange plates to achieve a more economical design. The results showed that the joint resistance could be increased about 88 % using the reinforced plate with the same thickness of the chord profile.