bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends in a Locomotive Engine
Authors: Suresh Rahul , Wang Yiqing , Xu Chao , Ewphun Pop-Paul , Biruduganti Munidhar , Fu Xiao , Aggarwal Suresh K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is a pressing need for decarbonizing the hard-to-electrify transportation sectors, including rail, to achieve the net-zero-carbon goal by 2050. Due to the long lifetime of locomotive engines, adopting alternative drop-in fuels such as biofuels and their blends with conventional petroleum diesel in existing engine platforms is a promising solution to rapidly reduce the carbon footprint with relative low cost. It is therefore imperative to improve the understanding of the combustion and emissions characteristics of biofuels such as biodiesel, renewable diesels, and their blends with diesel to ensure a smooth transition away from conventional diesel in locomotive engines. In this study, a comprehensive numerical investigation is performed into the effect of substitution of diesel with a low-cloud-point (LCP) biodiesel on engine combustion performance and emissions characteristics in a four-stroke locomotive engine. A five-component surrogate for the LCP biodiesel is developed as part of this study using the Monte-Carlo sampling method targeting key physical and chemical properties. Results show that the newly developed biodiesel surrogate predicts the physical and chemical properties very well. A reduced chemical reaction mechanism is developed for the diesel/biodiesel blends and validated against literature data on ignition delay measurements. Three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out using the new biodiesel surrogate, the V0a diesel surrogate, and the new reduced reaction mechanism. The engine CFD model is first validated against the measured pressure and heat release traces as well as the emissions data from experiments with the diesel fuel. The validated model is then applied to diesel/biodiesel blends with varying blending ratios. Results show that the combustion characteristics between different diesel/biodiesel blends are very similar. However, soot emissions decrease significantly by a factor of 1.55 while NOx emissions increase by a factor of 1.81 as the biodiesel blending ratio is increased.
Suitable Way of Using Waste Cooking Oil in Diesel Engine
Authors: Bansal Vinay , Raheman Hifjur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The emission challenges associated with fossil fuel usage have spurred extensive research into renewable alternatives. Biomass-based fuels have gained prominence recently due to their lower emission footprint. Using waste cooking oil (WCO) in diesel engines is one such approach to address environmental and energy-related issues. Instead of costly transesterification processes, WCO from restaurants can be effectively repurposed by incorporating alcohol to reduce its density as well as viscosity and increase its heating value. Preheating WCO can further lower its viscosity. Ternary blends of diesel, preheated waste cooking oil (PWCO), and alcohol offer a cost-efficient means to partially substitute diesel while reducing the viscosity of WCO. Among alcohols, n-octanol has the most closely aligned physical properties with diesel fuel. This study focuses on enhancing various physicochemical properties of WCO using n-octanol at varying ratios. The objective is to replace up to 50% volume of diesel with PWCO as a reusable fuel and n-octanol as a renewable biogenic fuel. Through property measurements and optimization using Microsoft Excel’s Solver tool, three optimal blends were identified: D50W40O10, D50W35O15, and D50W30O20. The blends exhibited improved fuel properties compared to the WCO. These blends were evaluated and compared with diesel fuel and D50W50 blend in terms of their impact on engine performance and emission characteristics. Based on the findings of this study, it can be inferred that WCO can be utilized along with n-octanol for power generation, thereby reducing the environmental hazards associated with its disposal. This approach may offer a more sustainable solution to managing waste products than simply dumping them into sewage systems and disposal sites.
SI Engine Efficiency Analysis Over a Wide Range of Conditions Using Air & Fuel Perspectives
Authors: Phlips Patrick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A first principles model of indicated mean effective pressure as a linear function of volumetric efficiency is developed. Because air and fuel are proportional for stoichiometry, it is also a model of indicated efficiency. The model summarizes the thermodynamic efficiency across the engine map in a few coefficients. It is demonstrated using data from 2 production SI engines, NA and TC. When the combustion location is optimal (MBT), the marginal indicated efficiency is insensitive to speed, load, or mixture enrichment. It is about 41% or 14 bar gmep per unit volumetric efficiency for both engines. When combustion is retarded from MBT, the efficiency drops off with the square of the retard but remains proportional to volumetric efficiency. The whole engine map is described by a regression in terms of volumetric efficiency, rpm, and CA50. The coefficients are defined very sharply with a standard high-resolution data set (280 points), and still well defined on a low-resolution (40 points) regularly spaced subset of data. The thermodynamic characterization of an engine can therefore be achieved with reduced testing. As the model is linear, it can be reversed for the feedforward control of air and fuel. Both features can help accelerate engine development.
Aftertreatment System for Light-Duty Gasoline Compression Ignition (LD-GCI) for Ultra-Low Criteria Emissions
Authors: Sellnau Mark , Lago Rafael Sari , Shah Ashish , Whitney Christopher , Reddy Srikanth , Kramer Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is widely recognized that internal combustion engines (ICE) are needed for global transport for years to come, however, demands on ICE fuel efficiency, emissions, cost, and performance are extremely challenging. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one approach to achieving demanding efficiency and emissions targets. At Aramco Research Center-Detroit, an advanced, multi-cylinder GCI engine was designed and built using the latest combustion system, lean aftertreatment, and engine controls. The combustion system uses the PPCI-diffusion process for ultra-low NOx and smoke. A P2 48V mild hybrid system was integrated on the engine for braking energy recovery.
The aftertreatment system was developed to meet US 2026 Tier3-Bin30 emissions standards and be compatible with Tier4-Bin20 standards. The system was comprised of an oxidation catalyst, a particulate filter, and an electrically heated SCR catalyst. The catalyst layout was extremely compact with several features to create and conserve exhaust heat in the system. The combustion and aftertreatment system calibrations were co-optimized through a series of parametric tests.
Engine out NOx and smoke emissions were typically 1.3 g/kWh and 0.2 FSN over the map with low urea consumption of 3% of fuel rate (typ). Tailpipe emissions of NOx, smoke, HC, and CO were close to zero at most warm operating conditions. Characterization of smoke emissions showed very low levels of smoke but also low levels of ultrafine particles (5–50nm). Trapping efficiency for all particle sizes (5 to 560nm) in the particulate filter was typically &gt; 98%, and the filter was continuously and 100% passively regenerated at all tested operating conditions.
This paper provides a description of the catalyst substrates and wash coats and presents emissions and temperature data for warmed-up calibration mapping tests. The work shows that GCI has evolved as an ultra-efficient and ultra-low criteria emissions technology for future transport.
Integrating binding affinity and tonic signaling enables a rational CAR design for augmented T cell function
Authors: Barden Markus , Elsenbroich Patrick Ronan , Haas Vivian , Ertelt Moritz , Pervan Philip , Velas Lukas , Gergely Bence , Szöőr Árpád , Harrer Dennis Christoph , Bezler Valerie , Holzinger Astrid , Friis Rasmus Ulslev Wegener , Vereb Gyorgy , Schütz Gerhard J , Schoeder Clara T , Hombach Andreas A , Abken Hinrich 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for hematological malignancies has not yet translated into long-term elimination of solid tumors indicating the need for adequately tuning CAR T cell functionality.MethodsWe leveraged a translational pipeline including biophysical characterization and structural prediction of the CAR binding moiety, evaluation of cellular avidity, synapse formation, T cell motility, and functional capacities under repetitive target challenge and in sustained tumor control.ResultsAs an example of clinical relevance, we derived a panel of anti-Her2 CARs covering a 4-log affinity range, all expected to target the same Her2 epitope. The same scFv mutations increased both antigen-specific affinity, cellular avidity, and antigen-independent “tonic” signaling; above a minimum threshold, raise in affinity translated into functional avidity in a non-linear fashion. In this case, replacement by amino acids of higher hydrophobicity within the scFv coincidentally augmented affinity, non-specific binding, spontaneous CAR clustering, and tonic signaling, all together relating to T cell functionality in an integrated fashion.ConclusionsData emphasize that tonic signaling is not always due to the positive charge but can be driven by hydrophobic interactions of the scFv. CAR binding affinity above the threshold and tonic signaling are required for sustained T cell functionality in antigen rechallenge and long-term tumor control.
Educational Advices for New‐Graduate Nurse on Social Media in China: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Feng Xiangying , Zhang Meixia , Liu Jun , Chen Min 
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aimed to excavate the entry advices and suggestions for new‐graduate nurses.Background: Research based on social media analysis for advices to new‐graduate nurses is rare. We conducted a detailed analysis and modularization of the relevant contents based on social media.Design: A grounded theory study based on social media content.Methods: The answers to questions such like “What’s your advices and suggestions for new‐graduate nurses?” on a famous social media platform in China were searched, collected, coded, and analyzed until September 2023.Results: Four core category modules including professional knowledge module, professional ability module, socialization and interpersonal communication module, and personal trait module were established. The theoretical framework of 21 main categories was also established.Conclusion: Social media contents provide valuable and experienced advices and suggestions for new‐graduate nurses in an efficient and convenient way. The analysis of these contents is helpful for new‐graduate nurse education and management.
Depletion of Adipose Stroma-Like Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Potentiates Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Rupert Joseph , Daquinag Alexes , Yu Yongmei , Dai Yulin , Zhao Zhongming , Kolonin Mikhail G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy, transformative in some cancer types, has remained ineffective for patients with pancreatic cancer. The effects of subpopulations of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) on cancer progression and therapy resistance are incompletely understood. In this study, the roles of CAFs expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrb) and of CAFs expressing markers of adipose stromal cells (ASC) were analyzed in mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ablation of Pdgfrb+ cells resulted in suppression of primary pancreatic tumor growth, reduction of extracellular matrix deposition, and increased cancer cell metastasis to the liver. A peptide D-CAN, which induces apoptosis in ASC-like CAFs, also reduced pancreatic tumor growth and extracellular matrix deposition while promoting metastases. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that depletion of either Pdgfrb+ or ASC-like CAFs decreased frequencies of tumor endothelial cells and viable cancer cells. However, whereas depletion of Pdgfrb+ CAFs led to stronger induction of cancer cell aggressiveness markers, depletion of ASC-like CAFs had an opposite effect on remaining CAFs. Depletion of ASC-like CAFs using D-CAN also led to higher infiltration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. Administration of anti-PDL1 antibody (aPDL1), which inhibits the immune checkpoint, had a stronger suppressive effect on tumor growth when combined with D-CAN in both female and male mice. Liver metastases were also reduced by the D-CAN/aPDL1 combination more effectively than by aPDL1 alone in female mice. We conclude that improved approaches to target ASC-like CAFs may be effective in combination with immunotherapy.

Significance:
This study shows that populations of CAFs have distinct effects on pancreatic cancer progression and shows that depletion of CAFs expressing adipose markers potentiates tumor/metastasis suppression effects of immune checkpoint blockade.
La construcción del horizonte feminista latinoamericano en el siglo XXI: una nueva geopolítica del conocimiento
Authors: Vargas Virginia 
Published: December 2024

El artículo se inicia poniendo como base una breve referencia a lo que fueron las luchas y las reflexiones de las feministas de América Latina y el Caribe español en las tres últimas décadas del siglo XX (1970-2000), tejido sobre el que se asentarán los feminismos del siglo XXI. En el siglo XX, ellas tuvieron que confrontar las formas como la sociedad y el Estado ubicaban el rol secundario, tradicional, naturalizado de las mujeres. El hacerlo significó una profunda desobediencia epistémica frente a los “pensamientos únicos”, a las jerarquías de conocimiento, a la inexistencia del sujeto feminista y a la ausencia de su voz. En el siglo XXI esta desobediencia epistémica se extiende a partir de las voces de nuevas actoras - o las antiguas, hoy con nueva audibilidad - que desde los cuerpos, las búsquedas de autonomía, la recuperación de las memorias de lucha, las cosmovisiones “otras”, enriquecen el horizonte feminista con categorías sentipensantes. Dan cuenta así a las nuevas formas de entendimiento sobre las múltiples realidades que marcan la diversidad de experiencias y de formas de vida de las mujeres. Desde esta nueva geopolítica del conocimiento, se despliegan las luchas, los sentires, las subjetividades, las memorias, dando cuenta de la existencia de feminismos plurales, diversos que alimentan la teoría y la acción extendida a múltiples espacios, como características de los feminismos del siglo XXI.
Lithium’s Northern Buzz: Extractivism, Energy Transitions, and Resource Frontiers in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec
Authors: Kingsbury Donald 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the “buzz” before extraction begins in earnest, landscapes, financial interests, and communities are reshaped in anticipation of economic windfalls—even if a project never materializes. The buzz around critical minerals necessary for decarbonization technologies adds the existential threat of the climate crisis to the financial, social, and political pressures that normally drive resource extraction. As this article illustrates in its study of the emerging lithium frontier in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, these processes are always overdetermined, blurring simple causal explanations—particularly in the early and sustaining “buzz” of extraction. Drawing from interviews with frontline communities and decision makers, I aim here to assess the relationship between extraction and energy transitions at emerging energy frontiers of the Global North. Path dependency, geopolitics, and local dynamics all inform the (re)formation of resource frontiers and, in the process, offer new ways to consider the politics of extraction and energy transitions in the context of intensifying climate crises.
Fertility and abortion: A population-based comparison between women with cancer and those in childbearing age
Authors: Maraschini Alice , Corsi Decenti Edoardo , Donati Serena , Francisci Silvia , Lopez Tania , Amodio Rosalba , Bianconi Fortunato , Bovo Emanuela , Bruni Rossella , Castaing Marine , Cirilli Claudia , De Vincenzo Rosa Pasqualina , Furgiuele Giuseppe , Guarda Linda , Iacovacci Silvia , Mangone Lucia , Mazzucco Walter , Melcarne Anna , Merlo Elisabetta , Mian Michael , Sampietro Giuseppe , Scambia Giovanni , Scuderi Tiziana , Sferrazza Ausilia , Stracci Fabrizio , Torrisi Antonina , Trojano Vito , Vitale Maria Francesca , Pierannunzio Daniela 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Concurrence of pregnancy and cancer diagnosis is increasingly frequent in Italy. The study aimed to compare women with pregnancy-associated cancers (PACs) to those of childbearing age, focusing on fertility, induced abortion, and miscarriage. Methods: The population-based study included women aged 15-49 years, both with and without PAC, who were residents in the area covered by the 19 participating Cancer Registries between 2003 and 2015 and identified by individual deterministic linkage with the Hospital Discharge Database. Results: Overall, 2,218,139 obstetrics hospitalizations occurred, covering delivery (75%), induced abortion (14%), and miscarriage (11%). Among 2409 women with PAC, 69% gave birth, 16% had an induced abortion and 15% a miscarriage. Compared with the reference population, the fertility rate in women with PACs was steadily lower (mean values 25.7/1000 vs 37.7/1000), while induced abortion (from 359/1000 - SRR 1.99, 95%CI 1.32-3.00 - in 2003 to 147/1000 - SRR 1.11, 95%CI 0.59-2.09 - in 2015) and miscarriage ratios exhibited a decreasing trend. Conclusion: These results are consistent with international literature and are probably due to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. This is the first Italian population-based study analysing fertility and pregnancy outcomes among women with PAC based on a reliable information on cancer diagnosis.
Impact of inter-species hybridisation on antifungal drug response in the Saccharomyces genus
Authors: Visinoni Federico , Royle William , Scholey Rachel , Hu Yue , Timouma Soukaina , Zeef Leo , Louis Edward J. , Delneri Daniela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Antifungal drug resistance presents one of the major concerns for global public health, and hybridization allows the development of high fitness organisms that can better survive in restrictive conditions or in presence of antifungal agents. Hence, understanding how allelic variation can influence antifungal susceptibility in hybrid organisms is important for the development of targeted treatments. Here, we exploited recent advances in multigenerational breeding of hemiascomycete hybrids to study the impact of hybridisation on antifungal resistance and identify quantitative trait loci responsible for the phenotype.

Results
The offspring of Saccharomyces cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrids were screened in the presence of six antifungal drugs and revealed a broad phenotypic diversity across the progeny. QTL analysis was carried out comparing alleles between pools of high and low fitness offspring, identifying hybrid-specific genetic regions involved in resistance to fluconazole, micafungin and flucytosine. We found both drug specific and pleiotropic regions, including 41 blocks containing genes not previously associated with resistance phenotypes. We identified linked genes that influence the same trait, namely a hybrid specific ‘super’ QTL, and validated, via reciprocal hemizygosity analysis, two causal genes, BCK2 and DNF1. The co-location of genes with similar phenotypic impact supports the notion of an adaption process that limits the segregation of advantageous alleles via recombination.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the value of QTL studies to elucidate the hybrid-specific mechanisms of antifungal susceptibility. We also show that an inter-species hybrid model system in the Saccharomyces background, can help to decipher the trajectory of antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic hybrid lineages.
The accuracy of anatomic landmarks on the occlusal plane: a comparative study between conventional and 3D image method
Authors: Kingrungpetch Supak , Aunmeungtong Weerapan , Khongkhunthian Pathawee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To establish the occlusal plane, the conventional methods for facial analysis to gain accurate alignment of the occlusal plane are inadequate, while 3D technologies are an ideal diagnostic tool. The aims of this research are to compare the difference accuracy of anatomic landmarks on the occlusal plane and ala-tragus line between the conventional clinical method and 3D image method in both non-orthodontic and orthodontic treatment volunteers.

Methods
A total of 44 volunteers (22 non-orthodontic and 22 orthodontic treatment volunteers) with normal occlusion were selected. All volunteers received 2 operative methods for occlusal plane determination. In conventional method, the occlusal plane was defined by the fox plane line. The ala-tragus line was defined by the radio-opaque markers. In the 3D image method, the volunteers were recorded intraoral images, 3D facial images and CBCT images. A 3D virtual picture was created using EXOCAD® software. The occlusal plane was generated by the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Both methods, the angles and distances between the occlusal plane and ala-tragus line were measured and compared statistically on both sides of each volunteer.

Results
Both volunteers’ group, the mean angles and distances between the occlusal plane-ala tragus line in the conventional method were reported to be significantly greater than the 3D method (P < 0.05). The percentage difference of angles in conventional method were reported to be significantly higher by 13.61–21.58% (p < 0.05) compared to the 3D method. The percentage difference of distances in the conventional method were reported to be significantly greater than the 3D method by 4.73–7.51% (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Within the limitation of the study, it can be concluded that both conventional and digital methods for establishing the occlusal plane are not parallel to the occlusal plane. The occlusal plane and ala-tragus line in the conventional method and the 3D method were significantly different in terms of angles and distances in both non-orthodontic and orthodontic treatment volunteers. However, the deviation angle of both methods is approximately 13–20 degrees, which is clinically acceptable for occlusal plane establishment. The accuracy of both methods is still within the using in clinical implementation.