bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' reasons for weight loss and their relations to clinical weight loss outcomes in a comprehensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Boepple Leah , Cero Ian , Marek Ryan J. , Coulon Sandra , Lydecker Janet A. , Brown Joshua D. , Malcolm Robert , O'Neil Patrick M. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryObjectiveResearch suggests that individuals seeking weight loss treatment do so for a variety of reasons. Limited work has explored relations of reasons for weight loss to patient characteristics or to weight loss outcomes. The current study examined these relations.MethodsThe sample consisted of 588 patients in a 15‐week fee‐for‐service weight loss programme. Prior to the intervention, patients completed questionnaires including items on reasons for weight loss, demographic characteristics, and a variety of weight‐based characteristics. Patients' weight change outcomes were expressed as percent weight loss and also categorized into one of three previously described weight loss trajectories.ResultsThe results of chi‐squared and t‐test analyses suggested that endorsement of health concerns, mobility concerns, or another person's recommendation was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and older age. These reasons were more likely to be endorsed by White patients than Black patients and by male patients than female patients. Endorsement of doctor recommendation was more likely to be seen among Black patients than White patients. There was no significant relation of any weight loss reason with weight loss outcome.ConclusionsWhile certain reasons for weight loss were more often cited by certain patient groups, no specific reason predicted a better or worse outcome.
Perceived barriers to physical activity during and after a behavioural weight loss programme
Authors: Call Christine C. , Roberts Savannah R. , Schumacher Leah M. , Remmert Jocelyn E. , Kerrigan Stephanie G. , Butryn Meghan L. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundMost adults with overweight/obesity participating in behavioural weight loss (BWL) programmes never achieve prescribed physical activity (PA) levels. This study examined changes in PA barriers, their relationships with accelerometer‐measured PA during and after a 12‐month BWL programme, and associations between PA barriers and participant characteristics.MethodsAdults (N = 283) in a BWL programme completed the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, a 21‐item self‐report measure that assesses seven perceived PA barriers, and they wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days at baseline and at 6 (midtreatment), 12 (end of treatment), 18 (6‐mo follow‐up), and 24 months (12‐mo follow‐up). Weight and height were measured, and demographic information was collected at baseline.ResultsRepeated‐measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant quadratic effect of time on total PA barriers, P < .001, such that PA barriers decreased by midtreatment, remained below baseline levels by end of treatment, but increased to near‐baseline levels by follow‐up. Perceived PA barriers were negatively associated with baseline moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), P < .001, and decreases in perceived PA barriers were related to greater MVPA at 6 (P = .004), 12 (P < .001), and 24 months (P = .007). Participants who were younger, P = .02, and white, P = .009, reported more baseline barriers.ConclusionsPerceived PA barriers meaningfully decreased during BWL treatment, which in turn was associated with greater MVPA. This pattern suggests that, on average, BWL effectively addresses perceived PA barriers, which contributes to increased PA. Future research should identify interventions to maintain decreases in barriers after end of treatment.
Significances of interphase conductivity and tunneling resistance on the conductivity of carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article expresses a simple model for prediction of conductivity in polymer carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites (PCNT). This model suggests the roles of CNT concentration, CNT dimensions, CNT conductivity, the percentage of networked CNT, interphase thickness and tunneling properties in the conductivity of PCNT. The suggested model is applied to predict the conductivity in several samples. In addition, the significances of all parameters attributed to CNT, interphase and tunneling regions on the predicted conductivity are justified to confirm the suggested model. The calculations of conductivity properly agree with the experimental results demonstrating the capability of suggested model for prediction of conductivity. Thick interphase increases the conductivity of nanocomposites, because it enlarges the conductive networks. In addition, high tunneling resistivity due to polymer layer, large tunneling distance between adjacent CNT and small tunneling diameter deteriorate the conductivity, because they enhance the tunneling resistance limiting the charge transferring via tunneling regions. The suggested model can replace the available models to predict the conductivity in future researches.
Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a five‐membered cyclic urethane derived from d‐glucosamine
Authors: Haba Osamu , Akashika Yosuke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a five‐membered cyclic urethane, 2‐amino‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐2‐N,3‐O‐carbonyl‐2‐deoxy‐α,d‐glucopyranoside (MBUG), which was prepared from naturally abundant d‐glucosamine, was examined. Potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) was the most effective initiator among the evaluated bases and produced polyurethane with the Mn of 7800 without any elimination of CO2. The equimolar reaction of MBUG and t‐BuOK in the presence of CH3I produced N‐methylated MBUG and suggested that the initiation reaction involves proton abstraction from the NH group. This N‐methylated compound did not undergo the polymerization. Therefore, the mechanism of propagation in the ROP of MBUG should involve the proton abstraction and nucleophilic substitution of the resulting amide anion. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2491–2497
Raising awareness about food security using a massive open online course
Authors: Stevens Carly J. , Whittle Rebecca , Davies William J. , Taylor Jane E. 
Published: October 2019

Societal Impact StatementAddressing global food security is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind, but finding ways to discuss this complex topic can be difficult. Solutions to this challenge will require interaction between a range of actors, including academics from varying disciplines, policy makers, NGOs, industry, farmers, and members of society. To help address the need for increased societal understanding of food security, we organized an 8‐week massive open online course (MOOC) on the e‐learning platform FutureLearn. We show that online courses have the potential to broaden and facilitate conversations to help develop new forms of understanding of food security.
A microplastic used as infill material in artificial sport turfs reduces plant growth
Authors: van Kleunen Mark , Brumer Anna , Gutbrod Lisa , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: October 2019

Societal Impact StatementPlastic pollution is of increasing societal concern, particularly with regard to aquatic environments, where it has received widespread news media attention. However, plastic and plastic byproducts also pollute terrestrial ecosystems, and the potential impacts on organisms are currently poorly understood. Here, we show that a microplastic type used in artificial sport turfs may have negative effects on plant growth. Given the scale of plastic pollution, urgent research is needed to determine the impact of microplastics on terrestrial organisms and their communities, as well as an exploration of alternative, biodegradable materials and measures to reduce the spread of microplastics in nature.
Summary

The Anthropocene is, among other factors, characterized by the accumulation of plastic in the environment. While studies on the consequences of plastic pollution for animals, particularly in aquatic environments, have increased in recent years, much less is known about potential effects of plastic pollution on plants in terrestrial environments.

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a microplastic used in artificial sport turfs. Here, we tested in two separate experiments the effects of different concentrations of EPDM on the performance of Plantago lanceolata and on competition between seven grassland‐plant species.

At very low concentrations of the EPDM granules, growth of P. lanceolata was slightly improved, but at concentrations of 5% and higher there were strong negative effects on survival and growth. These negative effects were found under low and high nutrient conditions, and for all tested species. The EPDM granules also negatively affected the root weight ratio, which indicates that the root system was more strongly affected than the shoot. Due to the strong negative effects on plant growth, the granules also reduced the competitive interactions between plants.

Our study shows that it is not only animals in aquatic environments that may be affected by plastic pollution, and that this may also be the case for wild plants in terrestrial ecosystems.
Kallikrein markers performance in pretreatment blood to predict early prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis after radical prostatectomy among very high‐risk men
Authors: Assel Melissa J. , Ulmert Hans David , Karnes R. Jeffery , Boorjian Stephen A. , Hillman David W. , Vickers Andrew J. , Klee George G. , Lilja Hans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo assess whether a prespecified statistical model based on the four kallikrein markers measured in blood—total, free, and intact prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), together with human kallikrein‐related peptidase 2 (hK2)—or any individual marker measured in pretreatment serum were associated with biochemical recurrence‐free (BCR) or metastasis‐free survival after radical prostatectomy (RP) in a subgroup of men with very high‐risk disease.MethodsWe identified 106 men treated at Mayo Clinic from 2004 to 2008 with pathological Gleason grade group 4 to 5 or seminal vesicle invasion at RP. Univariable and multivariable Cox models were used to test the association between standard predictors (Kattan nomogram and GPSM [Gleason, PSA, seminal vesicle and margin status] score), kallikrein panel, and individual kallikrein markers with the outcomes.ResultsBCR and metastasis occurred in 67 and 30 patients, respectively. The median follow‐up for patients who did not develop a BCR was 10.3 years (interquartile range = 8.2‐11.8). In this high‐risk group, neither Kattan risk, GPSM score, or the kallikrein panel model was associated with either outcome. However, after adjusting for Kattan risk and GPSM score, separately, preoperative intact PSA was associated with both outcomes while hK2 was associated with metastasis‐free survival.ConclusionsConventional risk prediction tools were poor discriminators for risk of adverse outcomes after RP (Kattan risk and GPSM risk) in patients with very high‐risk disease. Further studies are needed to define the role of individual kallikrein marker forms in the blood to predict adverse prostate cancer outcomes after RP in this high‐risk setting.
Designed Patterning of Mesoporous Metal Films Based on Electrochemical Micelle Assembly Combined with Lithographical Techniques
Authors: Lim Hyunsoo , Kim Jeonghun , Kani Kenya , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Park Hyeongyu , Kim Minjun , Alsheri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , Alhokbany Norah , Na Jongbeom , Malgras Victor , Bando Yoshio , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMesoporous noble metals and their patterning techniques for obtaining unique patterned structures are highly attractive for electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics device applications owing to their expedient properties such as high level of exposed active locations, cascade electrocatalytic sites, and large surface area. However, patterning techniques for mesoporous substrates are still limited to metal oxide and silica films, although there is growing demand for developing techniques related to patterning mesoporous metals. In this study, the first demonstration of mesoporous metal films on patterned gold (Au) substrates, prefabricated using photolithographic techniques, is reported. First, different growth rates of mesoporous Au metal films on patterned Au substrates are demonstrated by varying deposition times and voltages. In addition, mesoporous Au films are also fabricated on various patterns of Au substrates including stripe and mesh lines. An alternative fabrication method using a photoresist insulating mask also yields growth of mesoporous Au within the patterning. Moreover, patterned mesoporous films of palladium (Pd) and palladium–copper alloy (PdCu) are demonstrated on the same types of substrates to show versatility of this method. Patterned mesoporous Au films (PMGFs) show higher electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and higher sensitivity toward glucose oxidation than nonpatterned mesoporous Au films (NMGF).
Self‐Regulated Smectic Emulsion with Switchable Lasing Application
Authors: Kim Dae Seok , Lee Wonsuk , Lopez‐Leon Teresa , Yoon Dong Ki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA structurally reversible smectic liquid crystal (LC) emulsion made of semifluorinated rod‐type molecules in silicon oil, which is controlled by simple heating and cooling, is presented. Without adding any kind of additives, such as surfactants, polymers or emulsifiers, and without using any special tools, such as microfluidics or gas bubbling, the LC molecules spontaneously form monodisperse spherical and myelin‐like structures upon cooling from the isotropic temperature. The LC emulsion can easily trap guest materials, providing a platform for repeatable and reliable switchable emulsification. For example, this interesting system enables the realization of an on–off lasing system by confining fluorescent dyes in the LC droplets.
Three lonely Argentines: Toward a new generic delimitation in Polygalaceae
Authors: Mota Michelle , Abbott J. Richard , Salas Roberto M. , Neubig Kurt M. , Pastore José Floriano B. 
Published: October 2019

Three enigmatic lineages of the Polygalaceae endemic to the semi‐arid region of Argentina were sampled within the framework of a molecular phylogenetic study of its genera. The regions nrITS, matK, the trnL intron, the trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer, and rbcL were analyzed, and the history of some morphological characters was reconstructed in the family. Results of our phylogenetic analyses and morphological study support the recognition of three monotypic genera historically treated in the genera Bredemeyera and Polygala. A new genus, Rhamphopetalum, and a new combination, R. microphyllum, are proposed together with resurrection of Hualania and Monrosia. The emergence of two species (Bredemeyera colletioides, B. microphylla) as new genera resolves the polyphyletic status of Bredemeyera. Relationships and morphological characters among the genera of Polygalaceae are discussed. Provided here are photographic plates of Hualania colletioides, Monrosia pterolopha, and Rhamphopetalum microphyllum habits, with details of floral structures, a distribution map, typifications, and taxonomic keys for the tribes of Polygalaceae and genera within the tribe Polygaleae.
Dimensions of expatriates adjustment in distant subsidiaries: A field study of a sub‐Saharan African institutional distance
Authors: Abugre James B. , Williams Karen , Debrah Yaw A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of expatriates’ adjustments in distant and complex multinational subsidiaries. Using the institutional theory as a basis for expatriates’ assignments in complex subsidiaries, the work employed a sequential mixed methodology of data collection. An in‐depth face‐to‐face interview with 21 senior expatriate executives and a quantitative survey of 204 expatriates working in various multinational subsidiaries in Ghana served as data for the work. Consequently, a structural equation modeling (SEM) and a content analysis were the basis of the data analysis. Findings showed host country culture plays a significant role in determining expatriate adjustment in distant subsidiaries. Findings also showed expatriates’ competence in cross‐cultural communication significantly determines expatriates’ adjustment in distant subsidiaries. The work recommends an intensive training of expatriates in cross‐cultural communication and host cultural values and behaviors for international assignees.
Tectonics of the Neuchâtel Jura Mountains: insights from mapping and forward modelling
Authors: Rime Valentin , Sommaruga Anna , Schori Marc , Mosar Jon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on a geological section in the Jura Mountains across the villages of Travers, La Brévine in Switzerland, and Morteau in France. Field mapping was conducted to complement and densify existing data. A kinematically and geometrically consistent forward model has been developed to understand and interpret the observed surface structures. The proposed solution features a low-angle thrust fault with a multiple ramp-flat or staircase trajectory on which several hinterland-verging thrusts nucleate. The main décollement level is located in the Triassic evaporites of the Keuper and Muschelkalk Groups. Our model implies secondary detachments in the Opalinus Clay and the Cretaceous layers leading to repetitions in the Mesozoic cover rocks over large distances. This in turn explains the high topographic position of exposed sediments. The proposed solution is an alternative to models showing overthickening of Triassic evaporites associated with a single detachment level. Along the investigated profile, the Jura Mountains accommodate a shortening of 8.5 km. The kinematic forward model suggests an oscillating sequence of thrusting, rather than a simple, in sequence, forward propagation succession of thrusts.
On the cell-dependent vibrations and wave propagation in uniperiodic cylindrical shells
Authors: Tomczyk Barbara , Gołąbczak Marcin , Litawska Anna , Gołąbczak Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objects of consideration are thin linearly elastic Kirchhoff–Love-type circular cylindrical shells having a periodically micro-heterogeneous structure in circumferential direction (uniperiodic shells). The aim of this contribution is to study certain problems of micro-vibrations and of wave propagation related to micro-fluctuations of displacement field caused by a periodic structure of the shells. These micro-dynamic problems will be analysed in the framework of a certain mathematical averaged model derived by means of the combined modelling procedure. The combined modelling includes both the asymptotic and the tolerance non-asymptotic modelling techniques, which are conjugated with themselves under special conditions. Contrary to the starting exact shell equations with highly oscillating, non-continuous and periodic coefficients, governing equations of the combined model have constant coefficients depending also on a cell size. Hence, this model takes into account the effect of a microstructure size on the dynamic behaviour of the shells (the length-scale effect). It will be shown that the micro-periodic heterogeneity of the shells leads to cell-depending micro-vibrations and to exponential waves as well as to dispersion effects, which cannot be analysed in the framework of the asymptotic models commonly used for investigations of vibrations and wave propagation in the periodic structures.
The Ambivalent Appraisal of Job Demands and the Moderating Role of Job Control and Social Support for Burnout and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Gerich Joachim , Weber Christoph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Within an extended challenge–hindrance framework, it is assumed that job demands are subjectively appraised both as challenges (that is, as working conditions that are associated with potential personal gains) and hindrances (as working conditions associated with constrains) at the same time. In accordance with transactional stress theory, the association between demand intensity and work-related attitudes (work satisfaction) and psychological strain (burnout) is expected to be mediated by individual appraisal. Moreover, because curvilinear relationships between demand and challenge and hindrance appraisals are assumed, and appraisal is expected to be moderated by job control and social support, we tested complex nonlinear moderated mediation models for four types of job demands (task difficulty, time pressure, interruptions, and responsibility). Based on cross-sectional data of a heterogeneous sample of employees, we confirmed simultaneous challenge and hindrance appraisals. Challenge components are positively associated and hindrance components are negatively associated with favorable outcomes (higher work satisfaction and lower burnout). Challenge appraisals are found to be more relevant for work satisfaction, while hindrance appraisals are more relevant for burnout. The relationship between demand intensity and challenge appraisal is confirmed as curvilinear, whereas hindrance appraisals are approximately linearly related to demand intensity. The relationship between demand intensity and outcome variables is partly mediated by challenge and hindrance appraisal, and significant interaction effects suggest that the appraisal process is moderated by job control and social support.
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae causes stem canker of Chinese hackberry in China
Authors: Liang Lu , Li Huan , Zhou Lifeng , Chen Fengmao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) is an adaptable species widely growing in southern China. The symptoms of canker on stems of seedlings were discovered mid-July 2017 in Shuyang, Jiangsu Province. The diseased portions of the stems were dark brown due to discoloured xylem. Some seedlings showed symptoms of wilting, leaf fall, twig dieback, and tissue discolouration. The outbreak period was concentrated in July and August, suggesting that the disease spread during summer months. Possible fungal causal agents were isolated from naturally infected canker tissue and discoloured xylem. The isolate from xylem tissue with a high frequency (> 50%) was named Ls7 type. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on 4-year-old seedlings. The symptoms of canker began to develop 20 days after inoculation with Ls7 isolate and by day 35, there were dark, enlarged longitudinal lesions. A phylogenetic tree of the isolate was developed using the internal transcribed spacer, elongation factor-1α (tef1-α), β-tubulin gene (TUB) and RNA polymerase II subunit primer genes (RPB2). Based on morphological features and phylogenetic information, the pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. This is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae causing canker on Chinese hackberry stems in China.