bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney-Sparing Radiotherapy by Multiple-Field Three-Dimensional Technique in the Postoperative Management of Patients with Gastric Cancer: Comparison with Standard Two-Field Conformal Technique
Authors: Marcenaro Michela , Foppiano Franca , Durzu Silvia , Barra Salvina , Corvò Renzo 
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background The opposed two-field technique is the standard approach for delivering adjuvant radiotherapy to patients with resected gastric cancer. Since a considerable radiation dose may reach both kidneys with this beam arrangement, with a potential risk of late effects, we investigated whether the CT-based multiple-field (M-F) approach was superior in terms of sparing critical organs at risk. Methods From March 2001 to March 2004, 19 patients with radically resected gastric cancer entered the study. They were treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to the INT 0116 protocol. For each patient dose-volume histograms were calculated and the volume values of both kidneys and liver receiving 25 Gy (V25), 30 Gy (V30) and 40 Gy (V40) individually estimated with the M-F and two-field techniques were compared in detail. Results Right kidney median V25, V30 and V40 values for the two-field and M-F techniques were 1.50%, 0%, 0% and 0%, 0% and 0%, respectively (P <0.005, P <0.01, P <0.05). Left kidney median V25, V30 and V40 values for the M-F and two-field technique were 16%, 9.80%, 0.90% and 33.20%, 30.20%, 21.40% (P <0.001, P <0.0005, P <0.0005). Liver median V25, V30 and V40 values for the M-F and two-field techniques were 51.30%, 22.30%, 8.90% and 13.30%, 11.60%, 8.10%, respectively (P <0.0001, P <0.0005 and P = 0.18). Conclusions Our comparison revealed that with the multiple-field technique the right kidney may be largely spared from irradiation; with respect to the two-field technique, the left kidney may receive a significantly reduced dose; however, the liver receives an increased dose that warrants careful long-term monitoring of hepatic function.
Expression of Cathepsin D in Bladder Carcinoma: Correlation with Pathological Features and Serum Cystatin C Levels
Authors: Tokyol Ciğbdem , Köken Tülay , Demirbas Murat , Dilek Fatma Hüsniye , Yörükoglu Kutsal , Mungan Ugur , Kirkali Ziya 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cathepsin D in primary bladder cancer and to determine its relationship with conventional pathological features and serum cystatin C levels. Methods The immunohistochemical cathepsin D expression and staining patterns of epithelial and stromal cells were investigated in 21 patients with primary bladder carcinoma. Serum cystatin C levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry and compared with matched controls. Results There were 7 papillary neoplasms of low malignant potential, 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade carcinomas. Six tumors were invasive. Statistical analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between cathepsin D expression of the tumor cells and tumor grade and stage (P = 0.018 and P = 0.046, respectively). Serum cystatin C levels of the controls and patients varied between 0.39 mg/L and 1.99 mg/L (P >0.05). There was no significant relation between cathepsin D expression in tumor tissue and serum cystatin C levels. Conclusions Loss of cathepsin D expression in bladder carcinomas may be associated with high-grade and invasive tumors. Thus, increased cathepsin D expression by tumor cells may be related to local tumor invasion at an early stage, but it seems that extracellular cystatin C is not affected by cathepsin D expression of tumor or stromal cells, and cystatin C concentrations are not directly correlated with the progression of primary bladder carcinomas.
Upregulation of the Oncogenic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein ID2 in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Park Hye-Rim , Jung Woon Won , Kim Hyun Sook , Santini-Araujo Eduard , Kalil Ricardo K , Bacchini Patrizia , Bertoni Franco , Unni K Krishnan , Park Yong-Koo 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Id helix-loop-helix proteins function as regulators of cell growth and differentiation. However, they can induce malignant transformation when overexpressed. The EWS/ETS chimeric proteins in Ewing sarcoma act as aberrant transcription factors leading to tumorigenic processes. An enhanced expression of the Id2 gene in Ewing sarcoma cells was previously shown by gene array techniques. We investigated the expression of Id2 at the protein and gene level in Ewing sarcoma. Methods We evaluated the expression of Id2 protein using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from a total of 71 cases of Ewing sarcoma. Additionally, a Ewing sarcoma cell line was examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Id2 expression was observed in 65 cases (91.5%) of the 71 total cases examined and a high level of Id2 expression was observed in 45 of these cases (63.8%). In tumor cells, Id2 proteins displayed cytoplasmic as well as nuclear localization. The amplification of the Id2 gene was not noted in a Ewing sarcoma cell line using real-time quantitative PCR. The crossing points of Id2 in the Ewing sarcoma cell line, control fibroblast, and osteosarcoma cell line were 18.54 ± 0.16, 18.25, and 18.34, respectively. Conclusions Our data support a role for increased Id2 protein expression in Ewing sarcoma. However, this overexpression of the Id2 protein could not be confirmed by a corresponding change at the gene level in a Ewing sarcoma cell line.
Long-term outcomes after radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors
Authors: Sallabanda Kita , Barrientos Hernan , Isernia Romero Daniela Angelina , Vargas Cristian , Gutierrez Diaz Jose Angel , Peraza Carmen , Rivin del Campo Eleonor , Praena-Fernandez Juan Manuel , López-Guerra José Luis 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background: The treatment of glomus jugulare tumors (GJT) remains controversial due to high morbidity. Historically, these tumors have primarily been managed surgically. The purpose of this retrospective review was to assess the tumor and clinical control rates as well as long-term toxicity of GJT treated with radiosurgery. Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, 30 patients with GJT (31 tumors) were managed with radiosurgery. Twenty-one patients were female and the median age was 59 years. Twenty-eight patients (93%) were treated with radiosurgery, typically at 14 Gy ( n = 26), and 2 patients (7%) with stereotactic radiosurgery. Sixteen cases (52%) had undergone prior surgery. Results: The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 1.5–12). Crude overall survival, tumor control, clinical control, and long-term grade 1 toxicity rates were 97%, 97%, 97%, and 13% (4/30), respectively. No statistically significant risk factor was associated with lower tumor control in our series. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between patients having 1 cranial nerve (CN) involvement before radiosurgery and a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms (odds ratio 5.24, 95% confidence interval 1.06–25.97, p = .043). Conclusions: Radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment modality for GJT. Patients having 1 CN involvement before radiosurgery show a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms.
Il Carcinoma Gelatinoso Della Mammella: (Considerazioni su 76 casi personali)
Authors: Veronesi U. , Gennari L. 
Published: April 2018

76 cases of mucoid breast carcinomas observed at the Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1958 are examined. They represent the 1.8 per cent of 4300 cases of breast cancers observed in this period of time. The 6th decade was found to be the most affected (29 per cent of the cases), followed by the 5th (28 per cent) and by the 7th (23 per cent). The mean age was 55.6 years, two years higher than that observed for the non-mucoid breast cancer. The most affected quadrant was the supero-external (37 per cent of the cases); the middle quadrant was found to be less affected in comparison with mammary carcinomas of other types. Axillary metastases were found in the 36 per cent of the cases, that is in a rather lower percentage than in non-mucoid breast carcinomas (58). The 5-year survival in cases radically treated was observed to be of the 75.6 per cent, much higher than that encountered in breast carcinomas of other type (46.6 per cent). Some observations point out the particular slow course of the disease: a patient with metastases, still living 16 years after the first operation; a patient who died for brain metastases 13 years after the onset of symptomatology.
Radiosiderazione Della Ipofisi Nel Cancro Metastatizzato Della Mammella
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Catania V. C. , Miserocchi E. , Romanini A. 
Published: April 2018

In 57 patients with disseminate metastases from breast cancer the implantation of pituitary with radioactive isotopes has been performed, in order to destroy the gland and, hence, to suppress its hormonal activity. The radioactive isotopes (Au 198 and Y 90) ware placed in the sella turcica through trans-orbito-sphenoidal way, using a special cannula-needle and a magnifying apparatus B.V.20 (Philips-Muller). By these means it has been possible to introduce the radioactive isotopes in the sella turcica and to follow their distribution within the gland. The indications for this type of treatment, the preparation of the patients, the technique, the postoperative course, the variations obtained with concern to the hormonal dosage, the modifications of the metastatic foci and the late results are objectively reported. Basing on the results obtained, it is pointed out that various problems are still to be solved for an extended destruction of the hypophysis and, hence, a prompter suppression of its activity; particularly the problems concerning the dosage and the spatial distribution of the radioactive preparations. In addition to biological endocrino-surgery, the implantation of radioactive materials represents a method apt to enlarge the indications of the treatment of the metastasizing breast cancer.
Azione Di Composti Tiochinolinici Su Culture in Vitro Di Cellule KB
Authors: Orazi F. 
Published: April 2018

Six mercapto-quinoline derivatives have been tested on « in vitro » cultures of KB cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 γ/ml to 50 γ/ml. Three of them, i. e. No. 1 (4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline), No. 2 (6-methoxy-4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline) and No. 4 (8-methoxy-4-mercapto-2-methyl-quinoline) showed interesting anticellular activities consisting in: 1) antimitotic action: compounds No. 1 and No. 2 cause principally a methaphase block with colchicine-like effect; compound No. 4 shows a clear inhibiting action of preprophasic type. 2) aspecific and late cytotoxic action: more or less common to the three derivatives, it causes severe cell damage. The most active of these three compounds was found to be No. 2. On the other hand three other compounds: 7-methoxy-4. thio-2. methylcholine; acid (6-methoxy-2-methyl-quinoline-4) thioglycolic; 6. ethoxy-4. thio-2. methylcholine, proved inactive. It is concluded that these mercapto-quinoline compounds, require, to be active, the presence of a free sulfhydryl group in their molecule.
Variazioni Sperimentali Attorno Al Fenomeno Dell'« Oncogenesi Secondaria » Nel Ratto: Azione del Solfato di Stronzio
Authors: Carminati V. , Chirico M. 
Published: April 2018

Fifty rats were injected with 1 ml of 1.5 per cent strontium sulfate in both groin regions, and with 10 mg of 3,4-benzpyrene in the left groin region alone. A reaction of phlogistic productive type was observed in the right region in 15 rats, whereas in 2 animals a tumour occurred on the same side (polymorphocellular sarcoma). This appeared to be histologically different from tumours which developed at the site of benzpyrene injection (fuso- or fusoglobocellular sarcoma). The above observation supports the possibility of a «secondary oncogenesis» at the granuloma site, analogous to that already demonstrated after silicic anhydride administration.
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors of Children
Authors: Światkowska Irena 
Published: April 2018

Two hundred and twenty cases of cerebral tumors and 8 cases of spinal cord tumors in infancy are reported. The incidence of cerebral tumors reaches its peaks at 3–4 and 6–10 years of age; as regards sex, there were 125 females and 103 males. Medulloblastomas, ependymomas and craniopharyngiomas were more frequent in boys, meningiomas and neurinomas in girls. Histologically the more frequent types were gliomas (179 cases) especially astrocytomas (83 cases); malignant medulloblastomas (50 cases) and ependymomas (26 cases) followed in order of frequency; craniopharyngiomas were observed in 15 cases and meningiomas in 9 cases. There were 74 supratentorial and 146 subtentorial localizations; the fourth ventricle was site of tumors in 46 cases. The most frequent of early symptoms was headache; sudden and projectile vomiting was also frequent, while ataxia and visual disturbances were more rare; when illness was fully developed the more frequent symptoms were reeling, papilledema, paresis of extremities and of facial nerve, nystagmus and hydrocephalus. Among the 8 cases of spinal tumors, there were 2 neurinomas, 2 dermoids, 1 ependymoma, 1 meningioma, 1 chordoma and 1 sarcoma.
Clinical and Morphological Correlation of Hodgkin's Disease in Children
Authors: Blinova Galina A. , Kolygin Boris A. 
Published: April 2018

Clinical and morphological characteristics of Hodgkin's disease were studied in 62 children. The classification by histological type and staging were based on international recommendations. The morphological investigation included repeated biopsies and the study of several lymph nodes and serial sections. Lymphocyte predominance type appeared to be the most frequent histological type, being diagnosed in 47% of the children. Clinical and morphological observations allowed us to distinguish an additional histological type, « incipient» Hodgkin's disease, in which the structure of the lymph nodes is conserved, but there is a small quantity of pathological cells. Clinical manifestations were minimal in this type of Hodgkin's disease. Lymphocyte predominance type was often associated with Stage I and II and was often met in infants; lymphocyte depletion was correlated with Stage III and IV and with general symptoms; nodular sclerosis and Stage II were observed in older children.
Variations in the Survival of Adult Cancer Patients in Italy
Authors: Gatta Gemma , Buiatti Eva , Conti Ettore , De Lisi Vincenzo , Falcini Fabio , Federico Massimo , Gafà Lorenzo , de Leon Maurizio Ponz , Vercelli Marina , Zanetti Roberto 
Published: April 2018

Aims As part of the ITACARE project, the present study analyzed and compared population-based data on the survival of adult cancer patients in Italy, according to sex, age, period of diagnosis and geographical area. Methods Nine Italian population-based cancer registries provided data on all their cancer patients (total 90,431 cases) followed for at least 5 years and diagnosed during the period 1978–1989. About 10% of the Italian population is covered by these registries. The data was analyzed by means of a multivariate model. Results The major findings were that there was a general improvement in 5-year relative survival over the study period (from 33% to 39%) and that there were significant differences in survival between different areas of the country, particularly for cancer sites which respond well to treatment. In general, the area covered by the Ragusa (Sicily) registry was characterized by significantly worse survival than other registry populations. Other important findings were that for all malignant cancer sites 5-year relative survival decreased with age from 50% for the youngest age class (15–44 years) to 27% for the oldest age class (75+ years) and that women have a better prognosis for most cancer sites (overall 5-year relative survival in women 48% vs 32% in men). Conclusions The significant regional differences in survival may reflect unequal provision of care, particularly between northern-central Italy and the south. The reasons for the general survival improvement with time are not completely understood, whereas the marked overall sex difference is related to the fact that the commonest cancer in women (breast cancer) is eminently more treatable than the commonest malignancy in men (lung cancer). The unfavorable trend with increasing age may be due to increasing difficulty in applying complete therapy protocols as general health declines, sometimes in relation to an advanced cancer stage at diagnosis.
Down-Modulation of P210bcr/abl Induces Apoptosis/Differentiation in K562 Leukemic Blast Cells
Authors: Deora Arunkumar B. , Miranda Michelle B. , Rao S.G. Anand 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background K562 cells are growth factor independent and neither function as stem cells nor differentiate into functional end cells. They are blast cells. There is evidence that the constitutively expressed bcr-abl tyrosine kinase might be responsible for the maintenance of the blast state of CML cells. We have studied the effect of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, quercetin and genistein, on K562 cells. Methods K562 cells were treated with quercetin/genistein for a period of 72 hrs and then subjected to staining for apoptosis and erythroid differentiation and Western blotting with c-abl and phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibodies. Results The IC50 value was found to be 9.2 μg/ml for quercetin and 11.8 μg/ml for genistein. Quercetin-treated cells did not show any differentiation but showed 68% apoptosis as compared to 7% in control. Genistein-treated cells showed 16% apoptosis and 15% erythroid differentiation. Quercetin reduced the level of p210 by 74% and its phosphotyrosine content by 67.6%. Genistein reduced p210 by 77.8% and its phosphotyrosine content by 16%. Conclusion Both quercetin and genistein are able to down-modulate the tyrosine kinase activity of p210 as well as bring about a decrease in the content of the protein with different effects: quercetin induced apoptosis while genistein brought about both differentiation and apoptosis.
Carcinoma of the Prostate: Brain Stem Metastasis as the Only Site of Spread
Authors: Salvati Maurizio , Cervoni Luigi 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Metastasis to the brain from prostate carcinoma is a rare event; it is reported in less than 4% of postmortem examinations. The prevalence of cases detected antemortem is even smaller, and the prevalence of brain stem metastasis as the only site of metastasis has been reported in only two other cases. Method The authors present a third such case. Results A 55-year-old man, treated for an adenocarcinoma of the prostate (prostatectomy and radiotherapy), started to complain of facial expression disturbances and headaches 2 years later. Physicial examination showed a left VII cranial nerve palsy. MRI showed an enhancing mass in the pons. Total body CT was negative. The patient was treated with a course of whole-brain and brain stem radiotherapy following stereotactic biopsy. Four months after radiotherapy, the neurological symptoms had disappeared and the patient died of a myocardial infarct. The systemic disease was still clinically silent. Conclusion Our case involved only brain stem metastasis, probably implicating Batson's direct route of the paravertebral venous pathway.
Smoking in Italy, 1995
Authors: Pagano Romano , La Vecchia Carlo , Decarli Adriano 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Patterns and trends in smoking habits are a major determinant of subsequent incidence and mortality for lung cancer, and other tobacco related neoplasms on a population level. Methods and study design Smoking prevalence in Italy was analyzed using data from the 1995 National Multipurpose Survey, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and based on a sample of 50,585 subjects (24,497 men and 26,088 women), aged 15 years or over, identified in strata of geographic area and size of the municipality in order to be representative of the general Italian population. Data on smoking were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Results Overall, 25.3% of Italians aged 15 years or over (34.1% of males, 17.1% of females) described themselves as current smokers, 20.5% (28.0% of males, 13.5% of females) as ex-smokers, and 54.2% (37.9% of males, 69.4% of females) as never smokers. Heavy current smokers (≥15 cigarettes per day) were 15.6% of males and 3.9% of females. Compared to previous surveys, reported smoking prevalence increased, mostly in the youngest age groups (15 to 24 years) in both sexes. However, the increase could be partly or largely attributable to the different modality of data collection (interview in previous surveys, self-administered questionnaire in the present survey), which may have reduced underreporting. Conclusions The data of the 1995 National Household Survey confirmed previous patterns of smoking in Italy, i.e., a higher smoking prevalence in less educated, southern Italian males, and in more educated, northern Italian females. These figures reflect therefore the importance of the social and cultural correlates of smoking. Moreover, the stability in smoking prevalence over the last few years reflects the absence of any organized and structured intervention on a legislation and public health level on the smoking issue in Italy.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Drainage System: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: De Stefani Antonella , Lerda Walter , Usai Antonio , Cavalot Andrea , Riella Paola , Bussi Mario 
Published: April 2018

Aims and background Epithelial malignant tumors of the lacrimal drainage system are rare. The most prevalent type is squamous cell carcinoma. These tumors generally present with aspecific symptoms suggestive of chronic dacryocystitis, with the result that diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Methods and study design We present the case of a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal ducts and discuss the clinical and pathological features of these neoplasms, together with diagnostic and therapeutic strategies according to the data available in the literature. Results and conclusion The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this kind of rare tumors has to be planned carefully. Radiographic examination of all masses arising in the medial canthus is essential. Dacryocystography allows the identification of space-occupying tumors in the lacrimal sac. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide the most useful information about the extent of the neoplasm and its relationship with surrounding bone structures and soft tissues. Histological examination of a biopsy sample obtained by standard dacryocystectomy is essential to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is primarily surgical, consisting of complete resection with long-term follow-up. A number of surgical procedures have been described, which are more or less aggressive depending on the extension of the tumor. Radiotherapy is indicated when bone or lymphatic invasion is evident, and when neoplastic cells are present in the resection margins. Radiotherapy alone is not considered a treatment of choice, but only a palliative option in selected cases. The follow-up data available in the literature are incomplete. In most of the literature reports, relapse occurs in 50% of patients within 5 years.