bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADIPOQ,KCNJ11 and TCF7L2 polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes in Kyrgyz population: A case‐control study
Authors: Isakova Jainagul , Talaibekova Elnura , Vinnikov Denis , Saadanov Iskender , Aldasheva Nazira 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to ascertain the polymorphic markers profile of ADIPOQ, KCNJ11 and TCF7L2 genes in Kyrgyz population and to analyze the association of polymorphic markers and combinations of ADIPOQ gene's G276T locus, KCNJ11 gene's Glu23Lys locus and TCF7L2 gene's VS3C>T locus with type two diabetes (T2D) in Kyrgyz population. In this case‐control study, 114 T2D patients 109 non‐diabetic participants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Two individual polymorphisms (ADIPOQ rs1501299, KCNJ11 rs5219) were found to be associated with T2D. We found two (Lys23Lys/CC and Glu23Lys/CT) of the overall nine combinations, which were more prevalent in T2D group compared to controls (χ2 = 4.21, P = 0.04). Lys23Lys/CC combination was associated with a 2.65‐fold increased likelihood of T2D (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.12‐6.28), whereas the Glu23Lys/CT combination also increased such likelihood (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.27‐11.91). This study demonstrated some association of 276T allele and ADIPOQ gene G276T heterozygous genotype as well as KCNJ11 gene 23Lys allele with T2D in ethnic Kyrgyz, but study results should be interpreted with caution because of the limited statistical power.
Minimal risk of tilapia lake virus transmission via frozen tilapia fillets
Authors: Thammatorn Worrayanee , Rawiwan Pattarasuda , Surachetpong Win 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent outbreaks of a novel tilapia lake virus (TiLV) have raised concerns regarding the international spread of TiLV in frozen tilapia products. This study investigated the potential risks of frozen tilapia fillet as a source of TiLV transmission. It revealed that TiLV genomic RNA could be detected in tilapia fillet and the virus isolated from non‐frozen and frozen fillets with clinical TiLV infection stored up to 28 days caused a cytopathic effect (CPE) formation in the susceptible cell line in vitro. However, frozen fillets from clinical TiLV infection stored for 90 and 120 days did not cause CPE in the susceptible cell line. Similarly, CPE was not observed in TiLV isolated from subclinically TiLV‐infected fish fillets. In addition, in vivo bioassay revealed that despite the presence of TiLV isolated from subclinically TiLV‐infected fillet stored at −20°C for 14 days, there was no evidence of TiLV disease in naïve red hybrid tilapia based on the absence of clinical signs and mortality and without the detection of TiLV genomic RNA using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Collectively, these findings suggested minimal risk of transmission of TiLV via frozen tilapia fillets.
Nonspecific Symptoms Lack Diagnostic Accuracy for Infection in Older Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Caterino Jeffrey M. , Kline David M. , Leininger Robert , Southerland Lauren T. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Baugh Christopher W. , Pallin Daniel J. , Hunold Katherine M. , Stevenson Kurt B. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo determine if nonspecific symptoms and fever affect the posttest probability of acute bacterial infection in older patients in the emergency department (ED).DesignPreplanned, secondary analysis of a prospective observational study.SettingTertiary care, academic ED.ParticipantsA total of 424 patients in the ED, 65 years or older, including all chief complaints.MeasurementsWe identified presence of altered mental status, malaise/lethargy, and fever, as reported by the patient, as documented in the chart, or both. Bacterial infection was adjudicated by agreement among two or more of three expert reviewers. Odds ratios were calculated using univariable logistic regression. Positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR, respectively) were used to determine each symptom's effect on posttest probability of infection.ResultsOf 424 subjects, 77 (18%) had bacterial infection. Accounting for different reporting methods, presence of altered mental status (PLR range, 1.40‐2.53) or malaise/lethargy (PLR range, 1.25‐1.34) only slightly increased posttest probability of infection. Their absence did not assist with ruling out infection (NLR, greater than 0.50 for both). Fever of 38°C or higher either before or during the ED visit had moderate to large increases in probability of infection (PLR, 5.15‐18.10), with initial fever in the ED perfectly predictive, but absence of fever did not rule out infection (NLR, 0.79‐0.92). Results were similar when analyzing lower respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) individually. Of older adults diagnosed as having UTIs, 47% did not complain of UTI symptoms.ConclusionsThe presence of either altered mental status or malaise/lethargy does not substantially increase the probability of bacterial infection in older adults in the ED and should not be used alone to indicate infection in this population. Fever of 38°C or higher is associated with increased probability of infection. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:484–492, 2019.
Assessing Risk for Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults: The Need to Include Both Physical Frailty and Cognition
Authors: Aliberti Márlon J. R. , Cenzer Irena S. , Smith Alexander K. , Lee Sei J. , Yaffe Kristine , Covinsky Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDPhysical frailty is a powerful tool for identifying nondisabled individuals at high risk of adverse outcomes. The extent to which cognitive impairment in those without dementia adds value to physical frailty in detecting high‐risk individuals remains unclear.OBJECTIVESTo estimate the effects of combining physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) on the risk of basic activities of daily living (ADL) dependence and death over 8 years.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGThe Health and Retirement Study (HRS).PARTICIPANTSA total of 7338 community‐dwelling people, 65 years or older, without dementia and ADL dependence at baseline (2006‐2008). Follow‐up assessments occurred every 2 years until 2014.MEASUREMENTSThe five components of the Cardiovascular Health Study defined physical frailty. A well‐validated HRS method, including verbal recall, series of subtractions, and backward count task, assessed cognition. Primary outcomes were time to ADL dependence and death. Hazard models, considering death as a competing risk, associated physical frailty and CIND with outcomes after adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, depression, and smoking status.RESULTSThe prevalence of physical frailty was 15%; CIND, 19%; and both deficits, 5%. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, combining these factors identified older adults at an escalating risk for ADL dependence (no deficit = 14% [reference group]; only CIND = 26%, sub–hazard ratio [sHR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–1.8; only frail = 33%, sHR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4–2.0; both deficits = 46%, sHR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.6–2.6) and death (no deficit = 21%; only CIND = 41%, HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4–1.9; only frail = 56%, HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7–2.7; both deficits = 66%, HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.0–3.3) over 8‐year follow‐up. Adding the cognitive measure to models that already included physical frailty alone increased accuracy in identifying those at higher risk of ADL dependence (Harrell's concordance [C], 0.74 vs 0.71; P < .001) and death (Harrell's C, 0.70 vs 0.67; P < .001).CONCLUSIONPhysical frailty and CIND are independent predictors of incident disability and death. Because together physical frailty and CIND identify vulnerable older adults better, optimal risk assessment should supplement measures of physical frailty with measures of cognitive function. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:477–483, 2019.
Practical measurement of body composition using bioelectrical impedance, air displacement plethysmography and ultrasound in stable outpatients with short bowel syndrome receiving home parenteral nutrition: comparison of agreement between the methods
Authors: Jones D. J. , Lal S. , Gittins M. , Strauss B. J. G. , Burden S. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople diagnosed with intestinal failure (IF) as a result of short bowel syndrome are dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Measuring nutritional status is essential for monitoring treatment.The present study aimed to determine the agreement and feasibility of three methods bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), ultrasound and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) for measuring body composition in people receiving HPN.MethodsBody composition data were collected from patients attending an IF clinic.ResultsThere were 50 participants recruited and data were collected for BIA (n = 46), ultrasound (n = 49) and ADP (n = 9). Numbers for ADP were much lower because of a lack of participant uptake. Fat‐free mass (FFM) measured by BIA and ultrasound in comparison to ADP was found to have good intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.791 (95% confidence interval (CI) CI −0.21 to 0.96) and a moderate ICC 0.659 [95% (CI) −0.27 to 0.92], respectively. Fat mass (FM) measured by both BIA and ultrasound in comparison to ADP was found to have moderate ICC 0.660 (95% CI −0.28 to 0.92) and poor ICC −0.005 (95% CI −0.73 to 0.65), respectively.ConclusionsCompared to ADP, BIA indicated moderate to good agreement for measuring body composition, whereas ultrasound indicated far less agreement, particularly when measuring FM. The lack of uptake of ADP suggests that participants found the Bodpod (COSMED Srl, Shepperton, UK) unfavourable. Considering that ultrasound has limited agreement and ADP was not the preferred option for participants, BIA shows some potential. However, the difference between ADP and BIA was larger for FM compared to FFM, which needs to be considered in the clinical setting.
Impact of anemia on percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients: A large single center data
Authors: Jiang Lin , Gao Zhan , Song Ying , Xu Jingjing , Tang Xiaofang , Wang Huanhuan , Liu Ru , Jiang Ping , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of anemia on 2‐year outcomes in patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundWhether anemia is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after PCI is under debate.MethodsA total of 10 717 consecutive patients who underwent PCI with available hemoglobin values at Fuwai Hospital were collected. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without anemia both before and after PCI procedure.ResultsTotally, 1348 (12.5%) and 3111 (29.0%) patients presented with pre‐ and post‐PCI anemia according to World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin level <120 g/L for women or <130 g/L for men), respectively. Anemic patients presented with more baseline clinical risks and more extensive coronary disease than those without anemia. During 2‐year follow‐up, patients with pre‐PCI anemia had higher incidence of bleeding and stroke than those without pre‐PCI anemia. Patients with post‐PCI anemia experienced higher incidence of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), bleeding, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) than those without post‐PCI anemia. Survival analyses were performed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models both before and after propensity score matching. Pre‐PCI anemia was not an independent risk factor of any adverse clinical events. Post‐PCI anemia was not an independent risk factor of all‐cause death, but was an independent risk factor of MI, TVR, and MACE.ConclusionsPre‐PCI anemia was not an independent risk factor of any adverse clinical events, while post‐PCI anemia had a predictable value of MI, TVR, and MACE after PCI.
Masseter muscle atrophy impairs bone quality of the mandibular condyle but not the alveolar process early after induction
Authors: Balanta‐Melo Julián , Torres‐Quintana María Angélica , Bemmann Maximilian , Vega Carolina , González Constanza , Kupczik Kornelius , Toro‐Ibacache Viviana , Buvinic Sonja 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundMasseter muscle function influences mandibular bone homeostasis. As previously reported, bone resorption markers increased in the mouse mandibular condyle two days after masseter paralysis induced with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA), followed by local bone loss.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the bone quality of both the mandibular condyle and alveolar process in the mandible of adult mice during the early stage of a BoNTA‐induced masseter muscle atrophy, using a combined 3D histomorphometrics and shape analysis approach.MethodsAdult BALB/c mice were divided into an untreated control group and an experimental group; the latter received one single BoNTA injection in the right masseter (BoNTA‐right) and saline in the left masseter (Saline‐left). 3D bone microstructural changes in the mandibular condyle and alveolar process were determined with high‐resolution microtomography. Additionally, landmark‐based geometric morphometrics was implemented to assess external shape changes.ResultsAfter 2 weeks, masseter mass was significantly reduced (P‐value <0.001). When compared to Saline‐left and untreated condyles, BoNTA‐right condyles showed significant bone loss (P‐value <0.001) and shape changes. No significant bone loss was observed in the alveolar processes of any of the groups (P‐value >0.05).ConclusionCondyle bone quality deteriorates at an early stage of BoNTA‐induced masseter muscle atrophy, and before the alveolar process is affected. Since the observed bone microstructural changes resemble those in human temporomandibular joint degenerative disorders, the clinical safety of BoNTA intervention in the masticatory apparatus remains to be clarified.
Contextual and individual determinants of non‐utilization of dental services among Brazilian adults
Authors: Rebelo Vieira Janete Maria , Rebelo Maria Augusta Bessa , Martins Nara Munik de Oliveira , Gomes José Felipe Freitas , Vettore Mario Vianna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association of contextual and individual determinants with non‐utilization of dental services among Brazilian adults.MethodsData were from adults aged 35‐44 years (N = 7,265) from the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SB Brasil Project). Non‐utilization of dental services was assessed whether the individual has never had a dental visit over the whole life time. Independent variables were selected according to Andersen's behavioral model. Contextual variables included Human Development Index‐longevity (HDI‐Longevity) (predisposing demographic), HDI‐Education and Gini index (predisposing social), integration of oral health teams into Primary Care (enabling health policy), and HDI‐Income (enabling financing). Individual data were age and sex (predisposing demographic), ethnicity and schooling (predisposing social), family monthly income (predisposing enabling), perceived dental treatment (perceived need), and decayed teeth (evaluated need). The relationship of contextual and individual variables with non‐utilization of dental services was assessed through multilevel logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe prevalence of non‐utilization of dental services was 4.7 percent. Adults living in cities with high HDI‐Income were less likely to never have a dental visit. The odds of non‐utilization of dental services were lower for adults living in cities with high HDI‐Longevity. Sex, skin color, dental treatment needs, poor socioeconomic characteristics, perceived dental treatment needs, and decayed teeth were also associated with non‐utilization of dental services.ConclusionsThe results suggest that contextual enabling and predisposing factors, individual sociodemographic, and needs‐related characteristics influence non‐utilization of dental services by Brazilian adults.
Effects of supplementation of chromium histidinate on glucose, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in cats
Authors: Machac Nina , Kaya Karasu Gulsah , Sahin Nurhan , Orhan Cemal , Sahin Kazim , Iben Christine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent years, two meta‐analyses of chromium (Cr) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Chromium histidinate (CrHis) reduces serum glucose levels in rats fed a high‐fat diet but no study has been conducted on cats until now. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CrHis on glucose and lipid metabolism in cats. To challenge the glucose metabolism, 16 cats were fed a high‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet for three months. One group (n = 8) received 800 ug CrHis per day for two months, while the other group (n = 8) served as control group. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were measured. CrHis serum levels were significantly increased (p = 0.027) in the treatment group, while fructosamine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.029) in the control group. In both groups, glucose (p < 0.01), b‐hydroxy‐butyrate (p = 0.024) and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (p = 0.028) levels decreased significantly and cholesterol levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CrHis did not improve glucose or lipid metabolism and did not affect oxidative stress in healthy cats.
Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement and optimal sulphur amino acids to lysine ratio for 30–50 kg pigs
Authors: Ho Trung Thong , Htoo John Khun Kyaw , Dao Thi Binh An , Carpena Maria Eloisa , Le Nu Anh Thu , Vu Chi Cuong , Nguyen Quang Linh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement and the ideal SID sulphur amino acids (SAA) to Lys ratio for 30–50 kg crossbred pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 72 crossbred pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 28.9 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each diet was assigned to six pens containing two pigs each. Six diets were obtained by supplementing graded levels of L‐Lysine∙HCl to create six dietary levels of SID Lys (0.70%, 0.80%, 0.90%, 1.00%, 1.10% and 1.20%). Responses of weight gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) to increasing the SID Lys content of the diet fitted well with the curvilinear‐plateau model; whereas, for plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) two‐slope linear broken‐line model was well fitted. The optimal SID Lys requirement for the pigs of this period was 1.10%. Experiment 2 was a dose–response study using SID Met+Cys to Lys ratios of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 64%. A total of 72 crossbred pigs with initial BW of 32.9 kg were randomly allotted to receive one of the six diets. Diets 1–5 were formulated to contain 1.0% SID Lys to be second limiting in Lys and diet 6 contained 1.11% SID Lys to be adequate in Lys. The average optimal SID SAA:Lys ratio for maximal ADG and G:F and minimal PUN was 65.2% using curvilinear‐plateau and linear broken‐line models.
Northwest Africa 11024—A heated and dehydrated unique carbonaceous (CM) chondrite
Authors: Ebert Samuel , Bischoff Addi , Harries Dennis , Lentfort Sarah , Barrat Jean‐Alix , Pack Andreas , Gattacceca Jérôme , Visser Robbin , Schmid‐Beurmann Peter , Kimpel Stephan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on the high abundance of fine‐grained material and its dark appearance, NWA 11024 was recognized as a CM chondrite, which is also confirmed by oxygen isotope measurements. But contrary to known CM chondrites, the typical phases indicating aqueous alteration (e.g., phyllosilicates, carbonates) are missing. Using multiple analytical techniques, this study reveals the differences and similarities to known CM chondrites and will discuss the possibility that NWA 11024 is the first type 3 CM chondrite. During the investigation, two texturally apparent tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths were identified within two thin sections. However, the former phyllosilicates were recrystallized to Fe‐rich olivine during a heating event without changing the textural appearance. A peak temperature of 400–600 °C is estimated, which is not high enough to destroy or recrystallize calcite grains. Thus, calcites were never constituents of the mineral paragenesis. Another remarkable feature of NWA 11024 is the occurrence of unknown clot‐like inclusions (UCLIs) within fine‐grained rims, which are unique in this clarity. Their density and S concentration are significantly higher than of the surrounding fine‐grained rim and UCLIs can be seen as primary objects that were not formed by secondary alteration processes inside the rims. Similarities to chondritic and cometary interplanetary dust particles suggest an ice‐rich first‐generation planetesimal for their origin. In the earliest evolution, NWA 11024 experienced the lowest degree of aqueous alteration of all known CM chondrites and subsequently, a heating event dehydrated the sample. We suggest to classify the meteorite NWA 11024 as the first type 3 CM chondrite similar to the classification of CV3 chondrites (like Allende) that could also have lost their matrix phyllosilicates by thermal dehydration.
Emotion recognition in medical students: effects of facial appearance and care schema activation
Authors: Colonnello Valentina , Mattarozzi Katia , Russo Paolo M 
Published: November 2018

ContextIdentifying the factors that may interfere with or sharpen the ability to recognise emotions when observing patients is a critical goal in medical education. This study addressed these issues by investigating the effects of facial appearance bias on medical students’ emotion recognition (Experiment 1) and whether such bias is modulated by the activation of relational caregiving schema (Experiment 2).MethodsIn Experiment 1, medical students were asked to recognise the emotions expressed by individuals differing in facial appearance (trustworthy, neutral and untrustworthy). In Experiment 2, they completed the same type of emotion recognition task after activating and anchoring themselves to the representation of the relational/human competences typical of a competent professional caregiver or after a control non‐representation condition.ResultsIn both experiments, emotion recognition was affected by facial appearance bias: medical students were less accurate and slower in their recognition of emotions displayed by untrustworthy‐looking individuals than in their recognition of emotions exhibited by individuals evoking more positive inferences. In Experiment 2, the activation of care schema enhanced medical students’ emotion recognition ability regardless of facial appearance‐based inferences.ConclusionsMedical students’ emotion recognition is affected by appearance‐based bias, but such bias may be weakened by techniques that harness medical students’ personal affective/relational and representational resources. Thus, the results provide a basis for designing curricula aimed at challenging implicit negative bias and promoting medical students’ emotion recognition ability starting in the early stages of their education.