bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hakkor Right: A Veblenian Narration of the Differences between the Justice Notions in Western Europe and Turkey
Authors: Öncü Ahmet 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing Veblen's status emulation theory in the background, but essentially engaged in theoretical debates on the transition to capitalism and modernity, this paper attempts to provide a comparative account of different forms of domination in Western European feudal society and the Ottoman Empire. In contrast, an individualistic representation of reality gained prevalence in social conflicts in Western Europe, precisely because forms of exploitation associated with European serfdom were far more severe and un‐tempered than was true for the Ottoman Empire. Due to being short of a legitimate claim to genuine nobility, Western European feudal aristocracy was driven into an insatiable hunger for luxury and waste. In the absence of a powerful central authority, members of this class “turned inward” for their ever‐increasing exploits and waged war against their servants, living and working under their private jurisdictions. The peasants, both free and serf, not only revolted repeatedly, but also ran into the cities to have “fairly secure property rights” so that they would be “the lord” or “dominus” of their own lives and morality. Out of this, a new justice notion had grown, that of natural rights law, which equated all human individuals within one single concern, that of “the right to self‐preservation,” eventually dragging the whole social fabric into heightened self‐centeredness. The Ottoman ruling class could not turn inward and wage an open class war against its servants. This was the land of peace,dar‐al Islam. All people, Muslim and non‐Muslim lived, or were supposed to live, in peace and harmony under the supreme order ofHakk. The transition to an individualistic justice notion along the lines of natural rights law was on the whole clogged in Turkey.
Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue: A Longitudinal Structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Yarraguntla K. , Seraji‐Bozorgzad N. , Lichtman‐Mikol S. , Razmjou S. , Bao F. , Sriwastava S. , Santiago‐Martinez C. , Khan O. , Bernitsas E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious cross‐sectional studies have reported the involvement of thalamus, pallidum, superior cerebellar peduncle, temporal cortex, and fronto‐parietal white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS)‐related fatigue. However, the longitudinal imaging correlates of fatigue severity variation in MS remain unclear.METHODSStructural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected from 43 relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients with fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] range: 1–7). Subcortical nuclei volume using FreeSurfer and cortical diffusion indices using a cross‐modality technique were measured at baseline and year 1.RESULTSThe pallidal volume had significantly decreased (P = .002) by year 1, although the fatigue score variation was not significant. At year 1, the pallidal volume (P = .023) and fractional anisotropy (FA, P = .013) of right temporal cortex (RTC) correlated significantly with FSS.CONCLUSIONSThe pallidal volume and the FA‐RTC may be used to evaluate longitudinal fatigue severity variation. Our study proposes new biomarkers to monitor fatigue severity in MS patients.
Managing Gag Reflex during Removable Partial Denture Treatment: A Review and a Clinical Report
Authors: Stefos Spyridon , Zoidis Panagiotis , Nimmo Arthur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA gag reflex is a common occurrence during dental procedures. A hypersensitive gag reflex is less frequently encountered and may prevent the dental provider from successfully completing critical clinical stages, resulting in poor treatment outcomes. Once patients suffer an unpleasant gag reflex experience in a dental office, they may become phobic, delaying or postponing their dental treatment. The purpose of this article is to review available treatment options and present a report of a partially edentulous patient with an exaggerated gag reflex, focusing on clinical management using a simple yet effective table salt technique and proper prosthesis design.
Bond Strength of Resilient Lining Materials to Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Özdemir Hatice , Özdoğan Alper 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeBond strength of resilient lining materials with denture base materials is continuously under development. The purpose of this systematic review is to perform a meta‐analysis to find out which form of resilient lining bonds better to the denture base, what surface treatments have the highest efficacy to increase the bonding, and what is the most commonly preferred test method to measure bond strength.Materials and MethodsBased on a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, 57 articles were included in this study. A meta‐analysis was performed on the results of the 57 articles.ResultsThe most commonly used test method was the tensile test. Effective surface treatments for bond strength vary depending on the type of the test applied and the type of the attached resilient lining material. Silicone‐based resilient lining materials are more commonly preferred than acrylic‐based resilient lining materials. While chemical agents and chemicals of resilient lining materials were the most commonly applied surface treatments, a very limited number of studies preferred applying CoJet and laser.ConclusionsThe efficacy of surface treatments varies depending on the resilient lining materials and the test type. More successful results can be achieved by selecting the appropriate surface treatment according to the type of the resilient lining material to increase the bond strength. In particular, when used alone, laser appears to be more effective. Chemical agents and laser are the most effective surface treatments for both silicone‐ and acrylic‐based liners. Moreover, new studies are required to determine the efficacy of CoJet. These findings should help clinicians select a suitable surface treatment to increase the bond strength of resilient lining materials to denture base materials.
Functional definition of the two effector binding sites, the oligomerization and DNA binding domains of the Bacillus subtilis LysR‐type transcriptional regulator AlsR
Authors: Härtig Elisabeth , Frädrich Claudia , Behringer Maren , Hartmann Anja , Neumann‐Schaal Meina , Jahn Dieter 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe LysR‐type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) AlsR from Bacillus subtilis activates the transcription of the alsSD operon encoding enzymes for acetoin formation in response to the presence of acetate. The structural basis for effector binding, oligomerization, DNA binding, higher ordered complex formation, DNA bending and transcriptional control by B. subtilis AlsR was functionally characterized. The binding of two molecules of acetate per molecule AlsR was determined. Acetate‐dependent transcription complex formation was observed. A structural model of AlsR was used to identify the amino acid residues V98, S100, H147 of the binding site 1, which were experimentally verified. The second binding site formed by T193, V194, A196, T201 and L202 mediated high acetate responsive induction. Residues L124, E225 Q74, I79 and R111 contributed to dimerization of AlsR. A22, Q29, P30, S33, K37, L39, E46, R50 and R53 of the winged helix‐turn‐helix motif were important for promoter recognition. The DNA binding domain alone dimerized and effectively bound the promoter. The LTTR promoter elements RBS and ABS had to be localized on the same site of the DNA. Higher ordered complex formation resulted in bending of promoter DNA and transcriptional activation.
The Long‐Term Effectiveness of Mediating Workplace Conflicts
Authors: Kalter Meriem , Bollen Katalien , Euwema Martin 
Published: July 2018

In this study, we explore the long‐term effectiveness of the mediation of hierarchical workplace conflicts by comparing and analyzing participants’ perceptions of short‐term and long‐term mediation effectiveness. Specifically, we surveyed supervisors and subordinates to determine the extent to which they perceive mediation to be effective one year after the conclusion of the process. In this study, we distinguish between mediations that result in a continuing employment relationship versus exit mediations, which occur when employees end their employment.We collected data from real workplace mediation cases in the Netherlands. Our results show a general positive relationship between short‐term and long‐term mediation outcomes. Supervisors and subordinates, however, perceive the long‐term outcomes somewhat differently, with supervisors perceiving greater compliance with the agreement than did subordinates after one year. We found no significant difference in perceptions of long‐term effectiveness between exit and nonexit mediations. In the article, we discuss the implications of our findings for mediation theory and practice.
Physical component quality of life reflects the impact of time and moderate chronic kidney disease, unlike SF‐6D utility and mental component SF‐36 quality of life: An AusDiab analysis
Authors: Wong Muh G , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Liyanage Thaminda , Sukkar Louisa , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Wang Ying , Wyld Melanie L R , Morton Rachel L , Chadban Steven , Howard Kirsten , Jardine Meg J 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAimAssessing the impact of interventions on the patient experience requires measures that are plausibly responsive to change. In a community cohort of people with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) markers at baseline, we aimed to evaluate change in commonly used measures of quality of life (QOL) over the passage of 5 years.MethodsIncluded were 6400 participants in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) surveys with baseline and 5‐year CKD and QOL measures. Changes in SF‐6D utility, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form (SF‐36) physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores, were evaluated with regression analyses according to the baseline presence of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKD‐Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR ≤60 m/min per 1.73 m2) or albuminuria (urine albumin:creatinine ratio ≥3.4 mg/mmol).ResultsAt baseline, eGFR was reduced in 2.4% of participants and 5.1% had albuminuria. Participants with reduced eGFR had a lower SF‐6D and PCS, and those with albuminuria a lower PCS, compared with those without, but the differences were explained by known confounders. MCS scores were not affected by the presence of reduced eGFR or albuminuria. Over 5 years all groups exhibited stable SF‐6D and MCS scores but declining unadjusted PCS scores. PCS decline was greater for those with reduced eGFR, and remained significant after adjustment (−2.7 (−4.1 to −1.3) vs. −0.8 (−1.1 to −0.6, P < 0.01). Analyses according to CKD stages were essentially unchanged.ConclusionUtility and mental QOL appears stable over 5 years, unaffected by time or markers of CKD health. Physical QOL appeared to deteriorate with time, especially for those with CKD, making it a more likely candidate assessment measure for intervention and health service evaluations.
Improving outcome of sepsis on the ward: introducing the ‘Sepsis Six’ bundle
Authors: Burke John , Wood Sally , Hermon Andrew , Szakmany Tamas 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Sepsis Six bundle is designed to facilitate early intervention with three diagnostic and three therapeutic steps to be delivered within 1 h to patients with suspected sepsis.Aims and objectivesTo investigate the effects of delivering the ‘Sepsis Six’ bundle by the Critical Care Outreach team on patient outcomes.DesignIn a prospective observational study, all adult patients on the general wards from June 2012 to January 2014 with sepsis who were screened and treated by the Critical Care Outreach team were included.MethodsThe main outcome measure was the change in National Early Warning Score following the delivery of the Sepsis Six bundle within 24 h. Secondary outcomes were 90‐day mortality and overall bundle compliance.ResultsA total of 207 patients were included in the analysis. Overall bundle compliance was 84%. National Early Warning Scores decreased significantly 24 h after administering the Sepsis Six, from 7·4 ± 2·6 to 3·1 ± 2·4 (p < 0·001). The distribution of the National Early Warning Score changed significantly. Mortality was lower at 90 days when patients who presented with signs of sepsis within 48 h of hospital admission were compared with those who presented with signs of sepsis after 48 h of hospital admission (14·5% versus 35·4% p < 0·03) despite similar baseline physiological variables.ConclusionsWe found better outcomes after the administration of Sepsis Six. Reliable delivery of the bundle, defined as 80% of patients receiving the standard of care, is achievable, and our quality improvement data suggest that it is likely to be sustainable in our environment.Relevance to clinical practiceSepsis Six can reduce physiological impairment, monitored by the National Early Warning Scores. Consistent delivery of the bundle can lead to better patient outcomes.
Motility of the left colon in children and adolescents with functional constpation; a retrospective comparison between solid‐state and water‐perfused colonic manometry
Authors: Koppen I. J. N. , Wiklendt L. , Yacob D. , Di Lorenzo C. , Benninga M. A. , Dinning P. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundUsing water‐perfused (WP) high‐resolution manometry, we recently demonstrated that children with functional constipation (FC) lacked the postprandial increase in distal colonic cyclic motor patterns that was observed in healthy adults. Our aim was to determine if similar results could be detected using a solid‐state (SS) manometry catheter.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 19 children with FC (median age 11.1 years, 58% male) who underwent colonic manometry with a SS catheter (36 sensors, 3 cm apart). Data were compared with previously published data using a WP catheter (36 sensors, 1.5 cm apart) recorded from 18 children with FC (median age 15 years; 28% male).Key ResultsThe cyclic motor patterns recorded by the SS catheter did not differ from those previously recorded by the WP catheter. There was no detected increase in this activity in response to the meal in either group. Long‐single motor patterns were recorded in most patients (n = 16, 84%) with the SS catheter. The number of these events did not differ from the WP recordings. In the SS data, HAPCs were observed in 4 children prior to the meal, in 5 after the meal. This did not differ significantly from the WP data.Conclusions & InferencesThese data recorded by SS manometry did not differ from WP manometry data. Regardless of the catheter used, both studies revealed an abnormal colonic response to a meal, indicating a pathology which is not related to the catheter used to record these data.
Variability in metabolic rate and gas exchange patterns of the Colorado potato beetle of winter and prolonged diapauses
Authors: Ploomi Angela , Kuusik Aare , Jõgar Katrin , Metspalu Luule , Hiiesaar Külli , Karise Reet , Williams Ingrid H. , Sibul Ivar , Mänd Marika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe compare standard metabolic rate (VCO2) and gas exchange patterns in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in winter diapause (i.e. lasting only one overwintering period) with those of beetles in prolonged diapause (i.e. diapause lasting 2 or 3 years). The length of diapause is estimated by the behaviour of the beetles: burrowing into soil as a sign of the beginning of diapause and emergence from the soil as the ending of diapause. Measurement with a flow‐through carbon dioxide (CO2) infrared gas analyzer reveals that most beetles in winter or prolonged diapause display distinct discontinuous gas exchange cycles at 23 °C. Beetles with cyclic gas exchange and continuous breathing do not survive the winter. Beetles in prolonged diapause are characterized by a three‐ to five‐fold lower standard metabolic rates, longer discontinuous gas exchange periods and shorter CO2 releases (open phase) than those in winter diapause.
Decolonial sociology: W.E.B. Du Bois's foundational theoretical and methodological contributions
Authors: Weiner Melissa F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDecolonial theory offers sociologists, especially critical race scholars, powerful theoretical and methodological tools to understand historical and contemporary injustice and resistance. As a revolutionary epistemology, decolonial theory and methods feature critical insights into knowledges from subaltern voices concerned with how the implementation of modern technologies shape colonial structures, inequalities, the daily lives of the colonized, and resistance strategies. However, decolonial studies have long been the purview of the humanities and remain marginal to the social sciences due, partially, to a dearth of foundational theorizing. Challenging scientific colonialism, historicism, and Eurocentric conceptions of civilization while simultaneously linking these phenomena to racialized exploitation of labor within a modern global capitalist system and resistance to it, W. E. B. Du Bois's sociological theories, methods, and advocacy offer insightful ways to begin decolonizing the discipline, theoretically and in practice, in scholarship and in the world. This article outlines Du Bois's theoretical and empirical contributions by putting him in dialogue with a century of decolonial scholarship before offering suggestions for how to mobilize Du Bois's decolonial theory and methods for a pluriversal decolonial sociology.
The phylogeny of Coleopterida (Hexapoda) – morphological characters and molecular phylogenies
Authors: Beutel Rolf G. , Pohl Hans , Yan Evgeny V. , Anton Eric , Liu Si‐Pei , Ślipiński Adam , McKenna Duane , Friedrich Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColeopterida (Coleoptera + Strepsiptera) has been established as the sister group of Neuropterida (Megaloptera + Neuroptera + Raphidioptera) based on recent phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data obtained from genomes and transcriptomes. However, within the resulting clade (Neuropteroidea) the proposed sister‐group relationship between the highly specialized endoparasitic Strepsiptera and the megadiverse Coleoptera still lacks convincing morphological support. Furthermore, relationships among the four suborders of Coleoptera remain controversial, with morphological characters strongly conflicting with results suggested by molecular evidence. A large morphological dataset comprising external and internal features of adults and immature stages is presented here and analysed phylogenetically. Our study is focused on deep splits in Coleopterida and on reconstructing character evolution on the phenotypic level. Parsimony analyses clearly support a sister‐group relationship between Strepsiptera and monophyletic Coleoptera. Presumptive synapomorphies are characters linked with posteromotorism, but also features of the head and prothorax. We recover Archostemata as sister group of the remaining extant Coleoptera, and Polyphaga as sister group of the species‐poor suborder Myxophaga. The most important character complex of Coleoptera is heavy sclerotization without exposed membranes and a simplification of the thoracic muscle apparatus. Non‐archostematan beetles are characterized by further simplifications of the thoracic locomotor apparatus. This trend reaches its peak in Myxophaga and Polyphaga, and these suborders also share apomorphies of the larval legs. A pattern with Polyphaga as sister to all other suborders and a clade Myxophaga + Archostemata (as in recent molecular phylogenetic studies) requires ten additional steps with our dataset. This scenario implies that various simplifications of the thoracic exoskeleton and musculature have taken place several times independently, and also that a complex feeding apparatus suitable for saprophagy and sporophagy was ancestral in Coleoptera, with secondary reduction (or modification) in Archostemata and Adephaga. The coleopteran subordinal relationships remain a challenge, with morphological and molecular data suggesting distinctly different patterns. The earliest evolution of Coleopterida is not documented in the fossil record. The exploration of potential stem‐group fossils is a high priority, as is the study of species from the Permian–Triassic transition zone, which are apparently important in the context of evaluating the relationships among beetle suborders.
Did foreign exchange holding influence growth performance during the global financial crisis?
Authors: Allegret Jean‐Pierre , Allegret Audrey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a context of increased foreign exchange reserves holding from emerging and developing countries, this paper investigates the diminishing return of reserves holding assumption over the most severe phase of the global financial crisis (2008Q1–2010Q4). Relying on a Panel Smooth Transition Regression model, we highlight the differential effect of the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves for a set of financial vulnerabilities variables. In a specific manner, although reserves accumulation is effective above a critical threshold to cope with vulnerabilities related to the financial channel, we show that it becomes less effective beyond a certain threshold for domestic bank vulnerabilities. Our results are robust to alternative specifications.
Body mass index and risk of all-cause mortality with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose and prevalent diabetes: results from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Yang , Liu Yu , Sun Haohang , Sun Xizhuo , Yin Zhaoxia , Li Honghui , Ren Yongcheng , Wang Bingyuan , Zhang Dongdong , Liu Xuejiao , Liu Dechen , Zhang Ruiyuan , Liu Feiyan , Chen Xu , Liu Leilei , Cheng Cheng , Zhou Qionggui , Hu Dongsheng , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPrevious evidence of an association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients with diabetes was inconsistent. The BMI–mortality association with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and prevalent diabetes is still unclear in the Chinese population.MethodsWe analysed data for 17 252 adults from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study during 2007–2008 and followed for mortality during 2013–2014. Participants were classified with NFG, IFG and diabetes according to baseline measurement values of fasting glucose and self-reported diabetes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs across BMI categories by glycemic status.ResultsDuring the 6-year follow-up, 1109 participants died (563/10 181 with NFG, 349/5572 with IFG and 197/1499 with diabetes). The BMI–mortality association was curvilinear, with low BMI (even in normal range) associated with increased mortality regardless of glycemic status. In adjusted Cox models, risk of mortality showed a decreasing trend with BMI≤18 kg/m2, 18<BMI≤20 kg/m2and 20<BMI≤22 kg/m2vs 22<BMI≤24 kg/m2: HR 2.83 (95% CI 1.78 to 4.51), 2.05 (1.46 to 2.87) and 1.45 (1.10 to 1.90), respectively, for NFG; 2.53 (1.25 to 5.14), 1.36 (0.86 to 2.14) and 1.09 (0.76 to 1.57), respectively, for IFG; and 4.03 (1.42 to 11.50), 2.00 (1.05 to 3.80) and 1.52 (0.88 to 2.60), respectively, for diabetes. The risk of mortality was lower for patients with diabetes who were overweight or obese versus normal weight.ConclusionsLow BMI was associated with increased mortality regardless of glycemic status. Future studies are needed to explain the ‘obesity paradox’ in patients with diabetes.