bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional variants of hepatocyte growth factor identified in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Meng Yichen , Ma Jun , Lin Tao , Jiang Heng , Wang Ce , Yang Fu , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe genetic etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains obscure. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed in four members of one family. Then, we performed a rigorous computational analysis to determine the deleterious effects of the identified variants. Furthermore, the structural differences between the native hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein and a protein encoded by an HGF variant containing one mutation (p.T596M) were analyzed using molecular dynamic stimulation. A novel heterozygous mutation (p.T596M) within the HGF gene was identified and found to cosegregate with scoliosis phenotypes in three affected family members. Subsequent modeling and structure‐based analyses supported the theory that this mutation is functionally deleterious. Functional analyses demonstrated that the HGF p.T596 M mutation changed the ability of the HGF protein to be secreted and impaired migration and invasion in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, an HGF knockdown zebrafish model exhibited a curly tailed phenotype. Mutation in HGF is associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of AIS. This finding increases our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of AIS.
Effect of drag correlation and bubble‐induced turbulence closure on the gas hold‐up in a bubble column reactor
Authors: Kannan Veeraraghavan , Naren Parlikkad Rajan , Buwa Vivek V , Dutta Abhishek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGas–liquid hydrodynamics play an important role in processes across a wide range of applications in chemical technology and biotechnology. In most of these applications, gas is bubbled in the bottom of the reactor to conduct physical mixing or mixing‐induced chemical reaction. In either case, the gas bubble hydrodynamics play a critical role on the overall performance of these processes. In the present study, the gas–liquid multiphase system is simulated using a Eulerian–Eulerian two‐fluid Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model.RESULTSThe physical model is a cylindrical bubble column contactor wherein gas is sparged into liquid through a perforated sparger with a superficial gas velocity of ≈3–40 cm s−1. The CFD model for the contactor is built using the free and open source tool OpenFOAM v.4.0 to simulate the gas–liquid system. The time‐averaged volume fraction distribution was studied at different heights in the column. The effect of drag force and bubble‐induced turbulence are studied to arrive at appropriate closures for the CFD model. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were validated against available experimental results found in literature.CONCLUSIONThe recommended models, based on the present CFD study of the bubble column reactor, are the Ishii–Zuber drag closure with the modification that the parameter p is set to 2 for superficial gas velocities ≤20 cm s−1 and is set to 4 for 40 cm s−1 superficial gas velocity) and the mixed k–ϵ model to account for drag correlation and bubble‐induced turbulence closure, respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactor design as a critical input in the electrochemical production of peroxoacetic acid
Authors: Llanos Javier , Moraleda Inmaculada , Sáez Cristina , Rodrigo Manuel A , Cañizares Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present work, the influence of the most critical inputs affecting reactor design for the simultaneous electrochemical production of peroxoacetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide are studied. Based on our previous findings, we studied the role of the ratio between the volume of the solution (related to the chemical equilibrium between PAA and hydrogen peroxide) and the intensity (related to the rate and efficiency of the electrochemical processes) for a reactor equipped with a boron‐doped diamond anode and a gas diffusion cathode (GDE reactor). Moreover, we tested the performance of a jet‐based reactor for the production of PAA.RESULTSAccording to the results, it can be stated that the production of PAA is robust and stable when working at volume:intensity ratios equal or higher than 8.12 L A−1. Moreover, it was found that current densities ≈27 A m−2 are suitable for both reactor designs. Finally, it was observed that the production rate of PAA is higher for the GDE reactor due to the higher value of the volume:intensity ratio, the higher relative cathode versus anode area and the reactor configuration (anode–cathode).CONCLUSIONThis complex scenario demonstrates the key role of the reactor design and clarifies the future research lines that have to be further developed towards the efficient electrochemical production of peroxoacetic acid. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic susceptibility MR perfusion in diagnosing recurrent brain metastases after radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kwee Robert M. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion in discriminating treatment‐related changes from recurrence in irradiated brain metastases is currently not completely clear.PurposeTo systematically review the accuracy of DSC MR perfusion in diagnosing recurrent brain metastases after radiotherapy.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SubjectsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for original studies investigating the accuracy of DSC MR perfusion in diagnosing recurrent brain metastases after radiotherapy. Ten studies, comprising a total of more than 271 metastases, were included.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T, DSC MR perfusion.AssessmentQuality assessment was performed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool.Statistical TestsSensitivity and specificity were pooled with a bivariate random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by a chi‐squared test. Potential sources for heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses.ResultsIn seven studies the diagnostic criterion was not prespecified. In eight studies it was unclear whether the reference standard was interpreted blindly. In seven studies it was unclear whether DSC MR perfusion results influenced which reference standard was used. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 81.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.6%, 89.1%) and 80.6% (95% CI: 64.2%, 90.6%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in both sensitivity (P = 0.005) and specificity (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in relative diagnostic odds ratio according to publication year, country of origin, study size, and DSC MR perfusion interpretation method (visual analysis of cerebral blood volume [CBV] map vs. relative CBV measurement) (P > 0.2). Due to insufficiently detailed reporting, it was not possible to investigate the influence of primary tumor origin on accuracy.Data ConclusionOur results suggest that the accuracy of DSC MR perfusion in diagnosing recurrent brain metastases after radiotherapy is fairly high. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of methodological quality concerns and heterogeneity between studies.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:524–534.
A Comparison of Gastric and Jejunal Feeding in Hypercatabolism Associated With Hypothalamic AMPK‐Autophagy‐POMC in Endotoxemic Rats
Authors: Cao Chun , Li Xiaohua , Yang Xiaodong , Xi Fengchan , Gao Tao , Xing Chungen , Yu Wenkui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypercatabolism is associated with increased infectious rates and mortality in critically ill patients. Enteral nutrition (EN) is usually used to counteract hypercatabolism. However, the impact of different routes of EN on hypercatabolism remains unknown. Here, we compared the impact of gastric feeding (GF) and jejunal feeding (JF) on gastrointestinal hormones and hypercatabolism, which is associated with hypothalamic adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐autophagy‐proopiomelanocortin (POMC).MethodsSixty adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups fed a standard chow diet, a pair‐fed group that was a subset of saline‐treated rats pair‐fed with the LPS group, and LPS + JF and LPS + GF groups (received EN via jejunal and gastric tube, respectively, for 3 days [100 kcal/kg/d]). Hypercatabolism was measured by insulin resistance, muscle protein synthesis, and atrophy. Serum gastrointestinal hormones, hypothalamic ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor‐1α (GHS‐R1α), and AMPK‐autophagy‐POMC markers were also detected.ResultsGF increased serum total, acylated, desacylated, and hypothalamic ghrelin and decreased glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). But no effect on pancreatic polypeptide (PYY) and hypothalamic GHS‐R1α was observed. JF showed no effect on hypothalamic ghrelin, GHS‐R1α, and serum total, acylated, and desacylated ghrelin and even further aggravated GLP‐1 and PYY. GF could effectively augment hypothalamic AMPK‐autophagy‐POMC and hypercatabolism. However, JF showed no effect on hypothalamic AMPK‐autophagy‐POMC and hypercatabolism.ConclusionsGF could activate hypothalamic AMPK‐autophagy and suppress POMC expression via gastrointestinal hormones to ameliorate hypercatabolism compared with JF, which suggested that GF may be the preferred route of EN in endotoxemic rats.
Comprehensive comparison of multiple quantitative near‐infrared spectroscopy models for Aspergillus flavus contamination detection in peanut
Authors: Li Zhengxuan , Tang Xiuying , Shen Zhixiong , Yang Kefei , Zhao Lingjuan , Li Yanlei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus flavus is a major pollutant in moldy peanuts, and it has a large influence on the taste of food. The secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), are highly toxic and can expose humans to high risk. The total mold count (TMC) is an important index to determine the contamination degree and hygiene quality of peanut.RESULTSQuantitative calibration models were established based on full‐band wavelengths and characteristic wavelengths, combined with chemometric methods, to explore the feasibility of the use of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid detection of the TMC in peanuts. The successive projection algorithm (SPA) and elimination of uninformative variables (UVE) algorithms were used to extract the characteristic wavelengths. In comparison, the model built by original spectrum, selected with the UVE algorithm, gave the best result, with a correlation coefficient in a prediction set (RP) of 0.9577, a root mean square error for the prediction set (RMSEP) of 0.2336 Log CFU/g, and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 3.5041.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that NIRS is a rapid, practicable method for the quantitative detection of peanut Aspergillus flavus contamination. It is a promising method for detecting moldy peanuts and increasing peanut safety. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences in muscle histidine‐containing dipeptides in broilers
Authors: Barbaresi Silvia , Maertens Luc , Claeys Erik , Derave Wim , De Smet Stefaan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoultry meat has high levels of histidine‐containing dipeptides (HCD) and consumption of meat rich in HCD may elicit certain health benefits. The aim of this work was to compare the HCD content (anserine and carnosine) in the breast and thigh muscles of two broiler strains differing in growth rate, feeding regime, and age at slaughter. A 3 (production system) × 2 (sex) × 2 (age at slaughter) full factorial arrangement was applied with fast‐growing Ross 308 chicks fed ad libitum (ROSS‐AL), slow‐growing Sasso T451 chicks fed ad libitum (SASSO‐AL), and Ross 308 chicks given limited feeding (ROSS‐LIM). At the age of 40 and 62 days, eight birds per production system × sex combination were randomly selected for sampling of the breast and thigh muscle. Muscle HCD content was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTSAcross treatments, levels of anserine were 2.5‐ and 1.9‐fold higher than carnosine in breast and thigh muscle respectively (P < 0.001), and levels of anserine and carnosine were 2.2‐ and 2.8‐fold higher respectively in breast versus thigh muscle (P < 0.001). In breast muscle, SASSO‐AL had higher levels of HCD than ROSS‐AL and ROSS‐LIM (P < 0.001). Considering different market meat types, breast muscle of 62‐day‐old SASSO‐AL birds had more than threefold higher content of HCD compared to thigh muscle of 40‐day‐old ROSS‐AL birds (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONLarge differences in muscle HCD content were found, varying according to type of muscle and broiler. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae co‐culture to improve the flavor of Chinese turbid rice wine
Authors: Xiang Wenliang , Xu Qin , Zhang Nandi , Rao Yu , Zhu Lin , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the most important species used to ferment Chinese turbid rice wine (CTRW) at an industrial‐scale level is Rhizopus oryzae, although the flavor of CTRW fermented by pure R. oryzae is inferior to that of traditional CTRW.RESULTSMucor indicus was used as a cooperative species to improve the flavor of CTRW presented by R. oryzae. The flavor compounds in different fermentation stages were determined by headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography. It was noted that the M. indicus and R. oryzae co‐culture changed the profiles of flavor compounds in CTRW, including esters, higher alcohols, amino acids and organic acids, and also significantly enhanced the concentration of sweet amino acids, fruity and floral esters, and higher alcohols. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the CTRW fermented by M. indicus and R. oryzae had a more intense aroma, harmonious taste, continuation and full body mouth‐feel because of more abundant flavor compounds.CONCLUSIONMucor indicus is a promising species for co‐culture with R. oryzae to improve the flavor of CTRW. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization and emulsifying properties of extracts obtained by physical and enzymatic methods from an oenological yeast strain
Authors: De Iseppi Alberto , Curioni Andrea , Marangon Matteo , Vincenzi Simone , Kantureeva Gulzhan , Lomolino Giovanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycosylated compounds are one of the main fractions of the yeast cell wall. Thanks to their amphiphilic structure, they have been studied as stabilizers in food emulsions over a broad range of pH conditions with encouraging results. Nevertheless, extraction costs still represent an important limit for their application in the food industry.RESULTSIn this research, four extraction methods were applied to yeast cells exploiting both physical (heating and sonication) and enzymatic approaches (use of three industrial enzyme preparations, namely Glucanex®, Sur Lies and Elevage). A fifth method involving a pure β‐glucanase enzyme (Zymolyase) was taken as reference. These extraction methods were applied to the oenological strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118, and their extraction yields and chemical properties (quantitative and qualitative determination of sugars and proteins) were studied. Emulsifying activities were determined at three different pH values (3, 5 and 7). Extractions with Physical, Glucanex and Sur Lies methods were the most successful approaches to obtain relevant amounts of yeast compounds with good emulsifying activities for 2:1 oil‐in‐water emulsions at pH 3 and 7 over 48 h.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that there is the potential for the extraction approaches here proposed to become viable tools for the recovery of yeast compounds to be used as emulsifiers in foods. This approach can be considered as the starting point to explore the possibility to exploit yeast by‐products from the fermentation processes (e.g. fermentation lees from wine and beer making) as valuable compounds for food applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Flaxseed Oil or n‐7 Fatty Acid‐Enhanced Fish Oil Supplementation Alters Fatty Acid Composition, Plasma Insulin and Serum Ceramide Concentrations, and Gene Expression in Lambs
Authors: Duckett Susan K. , Furusho‐Garcia Iraides , Rico J. Eduardo , McFadden Joseph W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of flaxseed (FLAX) oil or 16‐carbon n‐7 fatty acid ‐enhanced fish oil (Provinal; POA) supplementation on serum, liver and skeletal muscle fatty acid concentrations, serum ceramide and plasma insulin concentrations, and gene expression. Lambs [n = 18; 42 ± 5.6 kg body weight (BW); 7 months] were individually fed one of the three treatments: (1) control (CON), no oil supplement, (2) FLAX; at 0.1% of BW, or (3) POA at 0.1% of BW for 60 days. Daily feed intake and weight gain were decreased by 21% and 34%, respectively, for POA than FLAX. Liver and skeletal muscle concentrations of palmitoleic acid were greater by 396% and 87%, respectively, for POA than FLAX; whereas, liver and skeletal muscle α‐linolenic acid concentrations were greater by 199% and 118%, respectively, for FLAX. Supplementation with POA also had greater serum and tissue concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Serum glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were elevated with FLAX supplementation at the end of the study. Supplementation with POA altered serum ceramide concentrations compared to CON or FLAX. Oil supplementation, both FLAX and POA, downregulated expression of unesterified fatty acid receptors (FFAR) 1 and FFAR4 in the liver; however, oil supplementation upregulated expression of FFAR1 in muscle. Interleukin‐6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFA) expression were downregulated with oil supplementation in the liver; however, FLAX upregulated TNFA in muscle. These results show that oil supplementation can enhance uptake and deposition of unique fatty acids that alter ceramide concentrations and gene expression in tissues.
The electrochemical behavior of Mg–9Al–0.5Zn, Mg–9Al–0.7Zn, and Mg–9Al–1.0Zn in a NaCl solution
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Su Jinhao , Li Guangyu , He Jinmeng , Chen Shixing , Wang Guixiang , Liu Aidong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, the electrochemical behavior of Mg–9Al–0.5Zn, Mg–9Al–0.7Zn, and Mg–9Al–1.0Zn electrodes in a 0.7 mol L−1 NaCl solution is evaluated by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and potentiostatic oxidation. The utilization efficiencies of these materials are also determined. The results show that the Mg–9Al–1.0Zn alloy has the highest corrosion resistance and that Mg–9Al–0.5Zn displays the largest discharge current in the 0.7 mol L
−1 NaCl solution at 25°C. In addition, the utilization efficiencies of the alloys decrease as follows: Mg–9Al–1.0Zn > Mg–9Al–0.7Zn > Mg–9Al–0.5Zn. This study illustrates that doping Zn into Mg‐Al electrodes increases the corrosion resistance and utilization efficiency but decreases the discharge activity of Mg–Al–Zn anodes when the Zn content is between 0.5% and 1.0%.
Dual Cross‐Linked Hydrogels with High Strength, Toughness, and Rapid Self‐Recovery Using Dynamic Metal–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Dutta Agniva , Das Rajat K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA dual cross‐linking design principle enables access to hydrogels with high strength, toughness, fast self‐recovery, and robust fatigue resistant properties. Imidazole (IMZ) containing random poly(acrylamide‐co‐vinylimidazole) based hydrogels are synthesized in the presence of Ni2+ ions with low density of chemical cross‐linking. The IMZ‐Ni2+ metal–ligand cross‐links act as sacrificial motifs to effectively dissipate energy during mechanical loading of the hydrogel. The hydrogel mechanical properties can be tuned by varying the mol% of vinylimidazole (VIMZ) in the copolymer and by changing the VIMZ/Ni2+ ratio. The resultant metallogels under optimal conditions (15 mol% VIMZ and VIMZ/Ni2+ = 2:1) show the best mechanical properties such as high tensile strength (750 kPa) and elastic modulus (190 kPa), combined with high fracture energy (1580 J m−2) and stretchability (800–900% strain). The hydrogels are pH responsive and the extent of energy dissipation can be drastically reduced by exposure to acidic pH. These hydrogels also exhibit excellent anti‐fatigue properties (complete recovery of dissipated energy within 10 min after ten successive loading–unloading cycles at 400% strain), high compressive strength without fracture (17 MPa at 96% strain), and self‐healing capability due to the reversible dissociation and re‐association of the metal ion mediated cross‐links.
DCE‐MRI protocol for constraining absolute pharmacokinetic modeling errors within specific accuracy limits
Authors: Knight Silvin P. , Meaney James F. , Fagan Andrew J. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo quantify the effects of DCE acquisition and pharmacokinetic modeling processing methodologies on the absolute accuracy and precision of derived pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter values using a novel anthropomorphic phantom test device in which “ground truth” values were known a priori.MethodsGround truth arterial input function (AIF), tumor, and healthy tissue contrast agent concentration‐time curves (CTCs) were established within the phantom and repeatedly measured on a 3T MRI scanner with varying temporal resolution (Tres = 1.22–30.6 s). Ground truth CTCs, Ktrans, ve, and kep values were directly compared to measured values as a function of Tres, with and without the application of voxel‐wise flip‐angle corrections applied to the data and PK modeling performed using linear and nonlinear forms of the standard Tofts model.ResultsMeasurement of the AIF was strongly affected by the Tres used (AIF curve‐shape feature errors: 3%–222% for Tres: 1.22–30.6 s), which directly translated to errors in the derived Ktrans, ve, and kep values of 1%–24%, 2%–5%, and 1%–26% respectively across this Tres range (flip‐angle correction applied). Further appreciable improvements in accuracy and precision arising from the use of flip angle corrections and nonlinear least squares fitting were quantified and used to identify optimal acquisition and analysis methodologies for which measurement errors could be constrained below threshold levels.ConclusionThis quantitative study provides insight into how errors in AIF measurement propagate to errors in PK parameter outputs. Absolute quantification of the accuracy and precision of MR‐measured CTCs, and resultant PK parameter values, allowed for an optimal temporal resolution to be defined commensurate with maintaining Ktrans, ve, and kep measurement errors below 5% and 10% levels. An appreciable gain in PK parameter estimation accuracy at the analysis stage was also demonstrated using flip‐angle corrections and a linear approach to PK model fitting.