bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of starting empirical antibacterial therapy in patients with HIV infection – specialized hospital patients
Authors: Dvorak S. I. , Gusev D. A. , Suborova T. N. , Zakharova N. G. , Sizova N. V. , Bulan`kov Yu. I. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: to analyze the adequacy of the scheme of empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with complicated forms of HIV infection in a specialized hospital and propose a set of measures for its optimization.Materials and methods: Clinical and demographic characteristics, results of bacteriological studies, risk factors of infection with resistant and multiresistant pathogens were studied in patients with HIV infection at the stage of progression with infectious complications of bacterial etiology, and the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy was evaluated.Results:The analysis of bacterial infectious complications in 21 HIV-infected patients with advanced stages of the disease was carried out. It was established that the profiles of the starting ABT only in 47% of cases coincide with the results of the antibiogram. To increase the effectiveness of empirical antibacterial therapy, stratification of risk groups for the detection of multiresistant bacterial pathogens has been developed. The basis of stratification: the severity of immunodeficiency, the presence of previously conducted antibacterial therapy, the period and place of detection of infectious complications, the localization of the infectious process.Conclusion: the use in clinical practice of a differentiated approach to the appointment of antibacterial drugs for starting empirical therapy in patients with HIV infection can improve the quality of treatment of infectious complications in patients with immunosuppression.
Computational Analysis of Effects of Location of the Diverter Plate and Inlet Velocity on the Efficiency of Two-Phase Flow Separator
Authors: YAYLA Sedat , KAMAL Karwan , BAYRAKTAR Seyfettin 
Published: May 2019

Two-phase horizontal gravity separators are generally
used in the petroleum industry for gas and liquid separation. There are several
studies in the relevant literature that reports various methods to determine
the optimum diameter and length of the separator. Although the diverter plate
is used to increase the separation speed, there is not any exact approach for
specifying the appropriate location of the diverter plate on the inlet pipe. In
the present study, the main volume of the separator is defined for a particular
amount of mixture of oil and gas. Effects of the location of the diverter plate
and inlet velocity on the separation efficiency are investigated for three
locations of the diverter plate (100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm) and four different inlet
velocities (0,25 m/s, 0,5 m/s, 0,75 m/s, 1 m/s) by means of computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) method. Two-phase, three-dimensional (3D) and fully turbulent
flow simulations reveal that the highest separation efficiency is obtained as
99% when the straight diverter plate is 200 mm far away from the top inlet and
the inlet velocity is 0,25 m/s.
Sistema de pulsioximetría y capnografía para dispositivos móviles Android
Authors: Gómez García Carlos Andrés , Velasco Medina Jaime 
Published: May 2019

ervisión del estado respiratorio del paciente. Este artículo presenta el diseño de un sistema de oximetría de pulso y capnografía que tiene como unidad de procesamiento un chip programable de señales mixtas denominado PSoC (Programable-System-On-Chip), el cual incorpora bloques análogos y digitales configurables, permitiendo que la adecuación de las señales suministradas por los sensores y el procesamiento digital de señales se lleve a cabo en el mismo chip. Se realizó una aplicación en Android para la visualización y registro de las señales biomédicas en una base de datos local, compatible con dispositivos móviles con conectividad wifi. El sistema fue verificado usando un simulador de SpO2 (Saturación parcial de oxígeno), que permitió la calibración de frecuencias cardiacas desde 55 BPM (Beats per Minute) a 145 BPM, así como la curva R con valores de 75% a 100% de SpO2. Se encontró que el error de medición de la frecuencia cardiaca es 1,81%, y 1.33% para la SPO2.Abstract ─ Constant monitoring of oxygen saturation level and CO2 production is vital for monitoring the patient's respiratory status. This paper presents the design of a pulse-oximetric and capnographic system, which core consists of a mixed signal programmable chip, PSoC (Programmable-System-On-Chip), which incorporates a whole analog and digital configurable block system, in order to adequate and process the signals from the sensors all in a single chip. An Android application was also developed, which can display biomedical signals in mobile devices with wireless connectivity, as well as to store information from these signals in a local user database. The microsystem was verified using a SpO2 (oxygen partial saturation) simulator, and heart rates of 55 BPM to 145 BPM were calibrated, as well as the R curve with values of 75% to 100% SpO2. The heart rate measurement error found is 1,81% and 1,33% for the SpO2.Resumo ─ O monitoramento constante do nível de saturação de oxigênio e produção de CO2 é fundamental para monitorar o estado respiratório do paciente. Este artigo apresenta o projeto de um sistema de oximetria de pulso e capnografia cuja unidade de processamento um chips de sinal misto programável chamado PSoC (Programmable-System-On-Chip), o qual incorpora blocos analógicos e digitais configuráveis, permitindo a adaptação dos sinais fornecidos pelos sensores e o processamento digital de sinais será executada no mesmo chip. Foi realizada una aplicação Android para visualização e gravação de sinais biomédicos em um banco de dados local, compatível com dispositivos móveis com conectividade sem fio. O sistema foi testado usando um simulador de SpO2 (saturação de oxigênio parcial), permitindo a calibração da freqüência cardíaca de 55 BPM (batidas por minuto) a 145 BPM, assim como a curva R com valores de 75% a 100% SpO2. Verificou-se que o erro de medição do ritmo cardíaco é 1,81% e 1,33% para o SPO2.
Concatenation of Finite Sequences
Authors: Ziobro Rafał 
Published: May 2019

Summary
The coexistence of “classical” finite sequences [1] and their zero-based equivalents finite 0-sequences [6] in Mizar has been regarded as a disadvantage. However the suggested replacement of the former type with the latter [5] has not yet been implemented, despite of several advantages of this form, such as the identity of length and domain operators [4]. On the other hand the number of theorems formalized using finite sequence notation is much larger then of those based on finite 0-sequences, so such translation would require quite an effort.
The paper addresses this problem with another solution, using the Mizar system [3], [2]. Instead of removing one notation it is possible to introduce operators which would concatenate sequences of various types, and in this way allow utilization of the whole range of formalized theorems. While the operation could replace existing FS2XFS, XFS2FS commands (by using empty sequences as initial elements) its universal notation (independent on sequences that are concatenated to the initial object) allows to “forget” about the type of sequences that are concatenated on further positions, and thus simplify the proofs.
A Simple Example for Linear Partial Differential Equations and Its Solution Using the Method of Separation of Variables
Authors: Otsuki Sora , Kawamoto Pauline N. , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2019

Summary
In this article, we formalized in Mizar [4], [1] simple partial differential equations. In the first section, we formalized partial differentiability and partial derivative. The next section contains the method of separation of variables for one-dimensional wave equation. In the last section, we formalized the superposition principle.We referred to [6], [3], [5] and [9] in this formalization.
Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Klockiewicz Maciej , Jakubowski Tadeusz , Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata , Bartosik Justyna , Długosz Ewa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Farm mink (Neovison vison) can be naturally exposed to T. canis and T. leonina pathogens on the farm. If mink were hosts, it would imply some veterinary public health as well as animal welfare issues. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine whether mink might be definitive or paratenic hosts of these parasites. Material and Methods: Four groups of mink were infected with both parasite species using larvated eggs or feed containing mouse tissue previously infected with the parasites. Following inoculation, the infections were monitored in vivo by faecal examination for 14 weeks p.i., and then western blotting and ELISA were performed. Results: Coprology did not reveal any canine roundworm eggs, neither were nematodes found in mink intestines during post mortem examination. The specific IgG antibodies recognising excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of both parasite species were identified in mink sera. Single T. leonina tissue larvae were found in digested organs. Conclusions: Our results confirm that farm mink may contribute both T. canis and T. leonina infections. It was proved that farm mink were not their definitive hosts, and therefore mink faeces need not be considered a source of canine roundworm eggs in any soil it fertilises. Nonetheless, as farm mink may be a paratenic host for both parasite species, this may have some impact on the health and welfare of infected animals.
Histopathological lesions caused by experimental Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in farm mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Klockiewicz Maciej , Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata , Jakubowski Tadeusz , Długosz Ewa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Canine roundworm T. canis and T. leonina infections were investigated in experimentally infected farm mink (Neovison vison) to describe the pattern of pathological lesions in this paratenic host. Material and Methods: Infections in mink developed following ingestion of embryonated eggs of either parasite or mice tissue infected with both parasite species. Results: Comparative analysis of haematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides showed essential differences among the experimental groups. The lesions observed included eosinophil and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates of the intestinal wall and local lymph nodes, inflammation and haemorrhages in liver tissues, and interstitial inflammation and mineralisation of the kidneys and lungs. Larvae migrating through the minks’ bodies also caused particularly salient enlargement of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear cells in skeletal and heart muscles. Conclusions: It is assumed that histopathological lesions appeared as a local and general host response to invasive L3 T. canis and T. leonina larvae migrating through the tissues of infected farm mink. Interestingly, mink infected with embryonated eggs had more pronounced lesions than animals infected with tissue larvae. Detailed histopathological examinations of parenchymal organs and striated muscles revealed lesions resembling those observed in other paratenic host species due to toxocarosis.
Studies on Cu2SnS3 quantum dots for O-band wavelength detection
Authors: Irshad Ahamed M. , Sathish Kumar K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this communication, we report on Cu2SnS3 quantum dots synthesized by the solvothermal process using different solvents. The optical properties of the quantum dots are analyzed by UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results suggest that Cu2SnS3 material has tunable energy bandgap and appropriate wavelength for fabrication of light emitting diodes and laser diodes as sources for fiber optic communication. They exhibit wide absorption in the near infrared range. Further morphological studies with the use of atomic force microscope confirm the surface topography and the existence of quantum dots. The observed characteristics prove the efficiency of Cu2SnS3 quantum dots for O-band wavelength detection used in fiber optic communication and solar cell applications.
A Close Look Into Supplier Policy Changes in Response to Their Buyers’ Financial Stress
Authors: Abdiev Jamol , Akalin Gurkan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Trade credit, the credit extended to buyers by suppliers who let them buy now and pay later, is an important financing method for many buyers. Any policy change by buyers in accounts payable, a measure for trade credit, results in appreciation or frustration on the supplier side. Even though, such effects have been well documented in the literature, an empirical study on the subject is surprisingly lacking. As an example, a certain buyer might change the payment policy by extending or shortening the periods of the payments. We investigate how and if the payment policy change of the buyer affects the supplier’s operations, especially on the perspective of inventory of suppliers. This study further investigates how changes in a firm’s accounts payable days and accounts receivable days affect its inventory turnover days.
An Overview of Business Writing: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Greavu Arina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Bad writing can affect individuals and companies alike. It can cause confusion and misunderstanding, waste important resources of time and money, erode credibility and trust. On the other hand, clear writing will increase productivity, promote goodwill, and cement relations. This article discusses some of the most common problems encountered in business writing, together with their causes and the solutions proposed in the literature. Using too many words, an abstract vocabulary, and passive constructions will obscure the message and tire the reader. Conversely, the elimination of clutter, the use of plain words and personal pronouns, and the construction of sentences with clear subjects and verbs will convey the message clearly and effectively and will make your writing stand out.
Electronic Commerce Toward Digital Bangladesh: Business Expansion Model Based on Value Chain in the Network Economy
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful , Eva Sharmin Akter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to study the present status of e-commerce industry in Bangladesh and finding out comprehensive model based solution for the expansion of the sector spreading e-commerce all over the country. SWOT analysis has been conducted and business expansion model has been developed from the data generated from surveying to the reputed e-commerce business organizations and customers of e-commerce. Primary data has been collected from the top level management of e-commerce business organizations and e-commerce customers as interviewees while secondary data have been collected from Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission reports, relevant literature etc. This study identifies that e-commerce intermediation and channel conflict are the great problems in case of e-commerce business expansion that increases the price level of the products and services but can not reach mass people outside the mega cities as Dhaka. That is why a value chain based business expansion model has been proposed to reach the mass people of Bangladesh for inclusive e-commerce through e-commerce agent. The study will provide insights to the policy makers to work with e-commerce business expansion in the process of digitization of Bangladesh.
Decline in State Chartered Banks: Causes, Concerns, and Conclusions
Authors: James Hannah , Casey Michael , Mitchell David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the decline of state chartered banks in the rural states Alabama, Arkansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. We use bank capital as the dependent variable for the mixed model regression analysis. We analyze both state and bank specific variables to determine which factors have more influence on bank equity capital. The findings indicate that as bank equity capital increases, the number of state chartered banks decreases. We also find that small agriculture business loans increase as equity capital increases, showing that in our sample of rural states agriculture is significant in providing a capital buffer for state chartered banks. However, we find that loans secured by farmland do not statistically influence bank equity capital.
A Comparison of Business Management Characteristics in U.S., German, and Japanese Manufacturing Corporations
Authors: Meric Gulser , Guner Berrin , Chung Shifei , Meric Ilhan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Comparing the management characteristics of business firms in different countries has been a popular research topic in business administration. In this paper, we compare the management characteristics of U.S., German, and Japanese manufacturing corporations. The findings of our study can provide valuable insights for corporate managers and global investors. We find that U.S. manufacturing corporations have the lowest liquidity risk (i.e., U.S. manufacturing firms have higher liquidity levels) compared with German and Japanese manufacturing corporations. German manufacturing corporations have the highest bankruptcy risk (i.e., German manufacturing firms have higher liability levels) compared with U.S. and Japanese manufacturing corporations. The average collection period of accounts receivable and the average payment period of accounts payable are significantly shorter in U.S. manufacturing corporations compared with their German and Japanese counterparts. Due to the extensive use of the just-in-time inventory management system in Japanese Keiretsu industry groupings, Japanese manufacturing corporations have higher inventory turnover rates (i.e., Japanese manufacturing corporations carry lower inventory levels) compared with U.S. and German manufacturing corporations. U.S. manufacturing corporations are able to earn higher operating profit margins compared with their German and Japanese counterparts because they are able to charge higher product prices to customers and/or they are able to have lower manufacturing costs. Japanese manufacturing corporations have the lowest annual sales and total assets growth rates compared with U.S. and German manufacturing corporations.
Effect of Corporate Governance Rules on Voluntary Disclosure in Jordanian Corporations Listed with the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE): (An Empirical Study)
Authors: Munther Al-Nimer 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the impact of corporate governance (CG) rules using several variables—size of the board of directors, size of the audit committee, family ownership ratio, and their impact on the level of the voluntary disclosure of companies listed with Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study was conducted based on the annual reports of the first market that include 55 firms. Content analysis was applied to collect the required data from several sectors (financial, insurance, services, and industrial sectors) from 2016 to 2017.The results indicate a negative association among family ownership ratio, size of the audit committee, and voluntary disclosure level. However, the study shows that the size of the board of directors has a significant positive relationship with the level of voluntary disclosure. Furthermore, the results show that CG rules (size of the board of directors, size of the audit committee, and family ownership ratio) have a significant positive relationship with the voluntary disclosure level of the companies listed with ASE. In the borderline market environment, the study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the corporate governance of voluntary disclosure and the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and voluntary disclosure. The outcomes provide empirical support for the theoretical notion that effective corporate governance plays an important role in increasing the extent of voluntary disclosure.
Relevance of Big Data for Business and Management. Exploratory Insights (Part II)
Authors: Ogrean Claudia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Over the last few decades Big Data has impetuously penetrated almost every domain of human interest/action and it has (more or less consciously) become a ubiquitous presence of day to day life. The main questions this exploratory paper seeks to address (throughout its two parts) are the following: What is the (actual) impact of Big Data on Business & Management and How can businesses (through their management) leverage the potential of Big Data to their benefit? This second part of the paper is dedicated to the investigation of the demand-side of the big data industry – by highlighting some evidences (and projections) on the impact of big data analytics on Business & Management (both at aggregate and granular level) and exploring what companies could and should do (through their management) in order to best capitalize on the opportunities of big data and avoid/minimize the impact of its threats.
Variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Patterson Mike , Friesen Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper includes an introduction to the concept of spreadsheet optimization and modeling as it specifically applies to combinatorial problems. One of the best known of the classic combinatorial problems is the “Traveling Salesman Problem” (TSP). The classic Traveling Salesman Problem has the objective of minimizing some value, usually distance, while defining a sequence of locations where each is visited once. An additional requirement is that the tour ends in the same location where the tour started. Variants of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem are developed including the Bottleneck TSP and the Variation Bottleneck TSP.
Performance Management Systems – Proposing and Testing a Conceptual Model
Authors: Șerban Radu-Alexandru , Herciu Mihaela 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The utility of performance measurement and management system can be said to have been proven, but the problem faced by both the theoreticians and practitioners is to set the right performance indicators. Developed models are tools that managers can use to measure and manage performance, but they need to be tailored to the context. Also, the trend towards using non-financial performance indicators makes it very difficult for managers to design a performance measurement and management system because it involves the integration of qualitative and non-quantitative variables and a profound understanding of the internal and external environment of the company.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Capital Structure Pada Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia
Authors: Lie Sha Thio 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the effects of business risk, profitability, firm size, asset structure, and growth of asset to capital structure in the company's manufacturing base and chemical industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2011-2014. The total sample is 80 samples obtained by purposive sampling method. Data analysis was done using multiple linear regression method with SPSS software 20 version. The result based on t test indicate that business risk, firm size, asset structure, and asset growth of the company has positif and significant influence on struktrur capital., profitability has negatif and significant influence on struktrur capital. F-test results showed that the variable business risk, profitability, firm size, asset structure and asset growth together have a significant effect on the capital structure.