bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients admitted via the emergency department to the intensive care unit: An observational cohort study
Authors: Crilly Julia , Sweeny Amy , O'Dwyer John , Richards Brent , Green David , Marshall Andrea P 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTimely and appropriate assessment and management within the ED impacts patient outcomes including in‐hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). Within the ED, several processes facilitate timely recognition of the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This study describes characteristics and outcomes for patient presentations admitted to ICU from ED, categorised by Australasian Triage Score (ATS), ICU admission time and ICU admission source.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study with linked health data of adult ICU admissions during 2012. Outcomes measured included: ED, ICU and hospital LOS, time to see ED clinician, ICU readmission and ICU and hospital mortality rates.ResultsIn total, 423 ICU admissions occurred within 24 h of ED arrival; 395 were admitted directly to ICU; 28 were admitted to the ward before ICU admission. ATS 3/4/5 patients comprised 26.7% of ICU admissions and experienced longer waits to be seen, longer total ED LOS, shorter ICU LOS and a lower mortality rate than those triaged ATS 1/2. Compared to ICU admissions during business hours, admissions outside hours did not differ significantly for any outcome measured. Patients admitted to the ward before ICU experienced longer waits to be seen and longer ED LOS.ConclusionMost patients are appropriately identified in ED as requiring ICU admission, although around one in four were triaged ATS 3/4. Patients admitted to the ward first tended to have poorer outcomes than those directly admitted to ICU. Factors predicting the need for ICU admission should be identified to support clinical decision‐making.
Editorial: post‐operative complications in elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease—what is surgery, what is disease, and what is delay of surgery?
Authors: Myrelid P. 
Published: July 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Sacleux et al and Savoye et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14854.
Individuals with obesity but no other metabolic risk factors are not at significantly elevated all‐cause mortality risk in men and women
Authors: Kuk J. L. , Rotondi M. , Sui X. , Blair S. N. , Ardern C. I. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies have examined mortality risk for metabolically healthy obesity, defined as zero or one metabolic risk factors but not as zero risk factors. Thus, we sought to determine the independent mortality risk associated with obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids in isolation or clustered together. The sample included 54 089 men and women from five cohort studies (follow‐up = 12.8 ± 7.2 years and 4864 [9.0%] deaths). Individuals were categorized as having obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids alone or clustered with obesity or another metabolic factor. In our study sample, 6% of individuals presented with obesity but no other metabolic abnormalities. General obesity (hazard ratios [HR], 95% CI = 1.10, 0.8–1.6) and abdominal obesity (HR = 1.24, 0.9–1.7) in the absence of metabolic risk factors were not associated with mortality risk compared to lean individuals. Conversely, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in isolation were significantly associated with mortality risk (HR range = 1.17–1.94, P < 0.05). However, when using traditional approaches, obesity (HR = 1.12, 1.02–1.23) is independently associated with mortality risk after statistical adjustment for the other metabolic risk factors. Similarly, metabolically healthy obesity, when defined as zero or one risk factor, is also associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.15, 1.01–1.32) as compared to lean healthy individuals. Obesity in the absence of metabolic abnormalities may not be associated with higher risk for all‐cause mortality compared to lean healthy individuals. Conversely, elevation of even a single metabolic risk factor is associated with increased mortality risk.
Position paper: Telemedicine in occupational dermatology – current status and perspectives
Authors: Elsner Peter , Bauer Andrea , Diepgen Thomas Ludwig , Drexler Hans , Fartasch Manigé , John Swen Malte , Schliemann Sibylle , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTeledermatology is the use of telecommunication technologies to exchange medical information for diagnosis, consultation, treatment and teaching in dermatology. While its use has been evaluated in a wide range of dermatological diagnoses, only few studies exist on its validity, diagnostic precision, feasibility, and cost‐effectiveness in occupational dermatology. However, these studies show a considerable potential for diagnosis, prevention, treatment support and follow‐up of patients with occupational skin diseases. Asynchronous (store and forward; SAF) or synchronous dermatology teleconsults could assist occupational medicine specialists not only in occupational preventive care, but also in the context of skin cancer screening in outdoor workers. Thus, teledermatology might contribute to earlier prevention and notification of occupational skin diseases. Modern smartphone apps with artificial intelligence technologies may also facilitate self‐monitoring in employees working in high‐risk jobs.
Spatial modelling with Euclidean distance fields and machine learning
Authors: Behrens T. , Schmidt K. , Viscarra Rossel R. A. , Gries P. , Scholten T. , MacMillan R. A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study introduces a hybrid spatial modelling framework, which accounts for spatial non‐stationarity, spatial autocorrelation and environmental correlation. A set of geographic spatially autocorrelated Euclidean distance fields (EDF) was used to provide additional spatially relevant predictors to the environmental covariates commonly used for mapping. The approach was used in combination with machine‐learning methods, so we called the method Euclidean distance fields in machine‐learning (EDM). This method provides advantages over other prediction methods that integrate spatial dependence and state factor models, for example, regression kriging (RK) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). We used seven generic (EDFs) and several commonly used predictors with different regression algorithms in two digital soil mapping (DSM) case studies and compared the results to those achieved with ordinary kriging (OK), RK and GWR as well as the multiscale methods ConMap, ConStat and contextual spatial modelling (CSM). The algorithms tested in EDM were a linear model, bagged multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), radial basis function support vector machines (SVM), Cubist, random forest (RF) and a neural network (NN) ensemble. The study demonstrated that DSM with EDM provided results comparable to RK and to the contextual multiscale methods. Best results were obtained with Cubist, RF and bagged MARS. Because the tree‐based approaches produce discontinuous response surfaces, the resulting maps can show visible artefacts when only the EDFs are used as predictors (i.e. no additional environmental covariates). Artefacts were not obvious for SVM and NN and to a lesser extent bagged MARS. An advantage of EDM is that it accounts for spatial non‐stationarity and spatial autocorrelation when using a small set of additional predictors. The EDM is a new method that provides a practical alternative to more conventional spatial modelling and thus it enhances the DSM toolbox.HighlightsWe present a hybrid mapping approach that accounts for spatial dependence and environmental correlation.
The approach is based on a set of generic Euclidean distance fields (EDF).
Our Euclidean distance fields in machine learning (EDM) can model non‐stationarity and spatial autocorrelation.
The EDM approach eliminates the need for kriging of residuals and produces accurate digital soil maps.
Disentangling seasonal and interannual legacies from inferred patterns of forest water and carbon cycling using tree‐ring stable isotopes
Authors: Szejner Paul , Wright William E. , Belmecheri Soumaya , Meko David , Leavitt Steven W. , Ehleringer James R. , Monson Russell K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTree‐ring carbon and oxygen isotope ratios have been used to understand past dynamics in forest carbon and water cycling. Recently, this has been possible for different parts of single growing seasons by isolating anatomical sections within individual annual rings. Uncertainties in this approach are associated with correlated climate legacies that can occur at a higher frequency, such as across successive seasons, or a lower frequency, such as across years. The objective of this study was to gain insight into how legacies affect cross‐correlation in the δ13C and δ18O isotope ratios in the earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) fractions of Pinus ponderosa trees at thirteen sites across a latitudinal gradient influenced by the North American Monsoon (NAM) climate system. We observed that δ13C from EW and LW has significant positive cross‐correlations at most sites, whereas EW and LW δ18O values were cross‐correlated at about half the sites. Using combined statistical and mechanistic models, we show that cross‐correlations in both δ13C and δ18O can be largely explained by a low‐frequency (multiple‐year) mode that may be associated with long‐term climate change. We isolated, and statistically removed, the low‐frequency correlation, which resulted in greater geographical differentiation of the EW and LW isotope signals. The remaining higher‐frequency (seasonal) cross‐correlations between EW and LW isotope ratios were explored using a mechanistic isotope fractionation–climate model. This showed that lower atmospheric vapor pressure deficits associated with monsoon rain increase the EW‐LW differentiation for both δ13C and δ18O at southern sites, compared to northern sites. Our results support the hypothesis that dominantly unimodal precipitation regimes, such as near the northern boundary of the NAM, are more likely to foster cross‐correlations in the isotope signals of EW and LW, potentially due to greater sharing of common carbohydrate and soil water resource pools, compared to southerly sites with bimodal precipitation regimes.
Densification kinetics of boron carbide with medium entropy alloy as a sintering aid during spark plasma sintering
Authors: Zhang Mei , Feng Xiao , Yuan Tiechui , Li Ruidi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe high sintering temperature of pure B4C considerably limits its widespread application, thus searching an effective sintering aid is critical. In this work, B4C‐based ceramic with 1 vol.% nonequiatomic Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 medium entropy alloy as a sintering aid were fabricated at 1900‐2000°C by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under applied pressure, and their mechanical properties were examined and compared with pure B4C ceramic sintered at same condition. The maximal flexural strength of 255.59 MPa, microhardness of 2297.6 Hv0.2 and fracture toughness of 3.62 MPa m1/2 could be obtained at optimized SPS pressure of 50 MPa, which were all higher than those of pure B4C ceramic. To better understand the densification kinetics mechanisms, the densification ratio as a function of SPS temperature and pressure was theoretically analyzed using steady creep model. It was found that densification controlled by grain‐boundary sliding at lower pressure transferred to power law creep regime at higher pressure, which were proved by the dislocation net shown in transmission electron microscopy image.
Silicon oxycarbide glasses and glass‐ceramics: “All‐Rounder” materials for advanced structural and functional applications
Authors: Stabler Christina , Ionescu Emanuel , Graczyk‐Zajac Magdalena , Gonzalo‐Juan Isabel , Riedel Ralf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSilicon oxycarbides can be considered as being carbon‐containing silicates consisting of glass networks in which oxygen and carbon share bonds with silicon. The carbon‐for‐oxygen substitution in silicate glass networks has been shown to induce significant changes in the network connectivity and consequently strong improvements in the properties of the silicate glass network. For instance, SiOC glasses exhibit Young's moduli, hardness values, glass transition, and crystallization temperatures which are superior to those of vitreous silica. Moreover, the silicon oxycarbide glass network exhibits unique structural features such as reduced mass fractal dimension and nano‐heterogeneity, which significantly affect and/or dictate its properties and behavior. In the present Review, a consideration of the current state of the art concerning the synthesis, processing, and various structural and functional properties of silicon‐oxycarbide‐based glasses and glass‐ceramics is done. Thus, the synthesis of silicon oxycarbides starting from macromolecular precursors such as polysiloxanes or alkoxysilanes‐based sol‐gel systems as well as current advances related to their processing will be critically reviewed. In addition, various structural and functional properties of silicon oxycarbides are presented. Specific emphasis will be put on the intimate correlation between the molecular architecture of the precursors and the structural features and properties of the resulting silicon oxycarbides.
ASK1 inhibitor treatment suppresses p38/JNK signalling with reduced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Amos Liv A. , Ma Frank Y. , Tesch Greg H. , Liles John T. , Breckenridge David G. , Nikolic‐Paterson David J. , Han Yingjie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractActivation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) is prominent in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. p38 and JNK inhibitors suppress crescentic disease in animal models; however, the upstream mechanisms inducing activation of these kinases in crescentic glomerulonephritis are unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1/MAP3K5) promote p38/JNK activation and renal injury in models of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN); acute glomerular injury in SD rats, and crescentic disease in WKY rats. Treatment with the selective ASK1 inhibitor, GS‐444217 or vehicle began 1 hour before nephrotoxic serum injection and continued until animals were killed on day 1 (SD rats) or 14 (WKY rats). NTN resulted in phosphorylation (activation) of p38 and c‐Jun in both models which was substantially reduced by ASK1 inhibitor treatment. In SD rats, GS‐444217 prevented proteinuria and glomerular thrombosis with suppression of macrophage activation on day 1 NTN. In WKY rats, GS‐444217 reduced crescent formation, prevented renal impairment and reduced proteinuria on day 14 NTN. Macrophage activation, T‐cell infiltration and renal fibrosis were also reduced by GS‐444217. In conclusion, GS‐444217 treatment inhibited p38/JNK activation and development of renal injury in rat NTN. ASK1 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Tubular epithelial C1orf54 mediates protection and recovery from acute kidney injury
Authors: Xie Hongyang , Wang Yaqiong , Zhang Hang , Fan Qin , Dai Daopeng , Zhuang Lingfang , Tao Rong , Chen Qiujing , Shen Weifeng , Lu Lin , Ding Xiaoqiang , Zhang Ruiyan , Yan Xiaoxiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) incidence among hospitalized patients is increasing steadily. Despite progress in prevention strategies and support measures, AKI remains correlated with high mortality, particularly among ICU patients, and no effective AKI therapy exists. Here, we investigated the function in kidney ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) of C1orf54, a newly identified protein encoded by an open reading frame on chromosome 1. C1orf54 expression was high in kidney and low in heart, liver, spleen, lung and skeletal muscle in healthy mice, and in the kidney, C1orf54 was expressed in tubular epithelial cells (TECs), but not in glomeruli. C1orf54 expression was markedly decreased on Day 1 after kidney IRI and then gradually recovered to baseline levels by Day 7. Notably, relative to wild‐type mice, C1orf54‐knockout mice exhibited impaired TEC proliferation and delayed recovery after kidney IRI, which led to deteriorated renal function and increased mortality. Conversely, adenovirus‐mediated C1orf54 overexpression promoted TEC proliferation and ameliorated kidney pathology, which resulted in accelerated renal repair and improved renal function. Mechanistically, C1orf54 was found to promote TEC proliferation through PI3K/AKT signalling. Thus, C1orf54 holds considerable potential as a therapeutic target in kidney IRI.
Heterogeneity of lipidomic profiles among lung cancer subtypes of patients
Authors: Lv Jiapei , Gao Danyan , Zhang Yong , Wu Duojiao , Shen Lihua , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths with an increasing incidence and poor prognoses. To further understand the regulatory mechanisms of lipidomic profiles in lung cancer subtypes, we measure the profiles of plasma lipidome between health and patients with lung cancer or among patients with squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinoma or small cell lung cancer and to correct lipidomic and genomic profiles of lipid‐associated enzymes and proteins by integrating the data of large‐scale genome screening. Our studies demonstrated that circulating levels of PS and lysoPS significantly increased, while lysoPE and PE decreased in patients with lung cancer. Our data indicate that lung cancer‐specific and subtype‐specific lipidomics in the circulation are important to understand mechanisms of systemic metabolisms and identify diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The carbon atoms, dual bonds or isomerism in the lipid molecule may play important roles in lung cancer cell differentiations and development. This is the first try to integrate lipidomic data with lipid protein‐associated genomic expression among lung cancer subtypes as the part of clinical trans‐omics. We found that a large number of lipid protein‐associated genes significantly change among cancer subtypes, with correlations with altered species and spatial structures of lipid metabolites.
A practical application of onychomycosis cure – combining patient, physician and regulatory body perspectives
Authors: Gupta A.K. , Versteeg S.G. , Shear N.H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to the high relapse rates and the rise of predisposing factors, the need for curing onychomycosis is paramount. To effectively address onychomycosis, the definition of cure used in a clinical setting should be agreed upon and applied homogeneously across therapies (e.g. oral, topical and laser treatments). In order to determine what is or what should be used to define cure in a clinical setting, a literature search was conducted to identify methods used to evaluate treatment success. The limitations, strengths, prevalence and utility of each outcome measure were investigated. Seven ways to measure treatment success were identified; mycological cure, patient/investigator assessments, complete cure, quality of life instruments, severity indexes, clinical cure and temporary clearance. Despite its shortcomings, mycological cure is the most objective and consistent outcome measure used across onychomycosis studies. It is suggested that diagnostic goals of onychomycosis should be used to define cure in a clinical setting. Modifications to outcome measures such as incorporating molecular‐based techniques could be a future avenue to explore.
Effect of sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor using biodegradable gelatin hydrogels on frozen‐thawed human ovarian tissue in a xenograft model
Authors: Tanaka Ayaka , Nakamura Hitomi , Tabata Yasuhiko , Fujimori Yuka , Kumasawa Keiichi , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimOvarian tissue cryopreservation before cancer treatment is the only option to preserve fertility under some circumstances. However, tissue ischemia after transplantation while awaiting angiogenesis induces dysfunctional folliculogenesis and reduces ovarian reserve and is one of the disadvantages of frozen‐thawed ovarian tissue transplantation. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis. However, bFGF rapidly loses biological activity when its free form is injected in vivo. This study investigated whether administration of active bFGF helps establish a nurturing environment for follicular survival.MethodsA sheet form of a sustained release drug delivery system for bFGF was developed using biodegradable acidic gelatin hydrogel (bFGF sheet). The bFGF sheets or phosphate‐buffered saline sheets, as a negative control, were transplanted with frozen‐thawed human ovarian tissues subcutaneously into the backs of severe combined immunodeficient mice. Neovascularization, cell proliferation, fibrosis and follicular survival of ovarian grafts were analyzed at 6 weeks after xenografting.ResultsThe bFGF sheets were optimized to release bFGF for at least 10 days. The transplantation of bFGF sheets with frozen‐thawed ovarian tissues significantly increased human and mouse CD31‐positive areas and stromal and endothelial cell proliferations. The administration of bFGF also significantly decreased the percentage of the fibrotic area in the graft, resulting in a significant increase in primordial and primary follicular density.ConclusionLocal administration of a sustained release of biologically active bFGF induced neovascularization in frozen‐thawed ovarian tissue grafts, which could establish the nurturing environment required for follicular survival in heterotopic xenografts.
Fifteen years’ experience of implantable cardioverter defibrillator in children and young adults: Mortality and complications study
Authors: Lewandowski Michał , Syska Paweł , Kowalik Ilona , Maciąg Aleksander , Sterliński Maciej , Ateńska‐Pawłowska Joanna , Szwed Hanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundYoung implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients have a high rate of complications, some of which seem to be underestimated. We report our clinical experience with ICD therapy in children and young adults during a 15 year follow up.MethodsWe reviewed the database of ICD recipients at the present institution and chose 73 consecutive patients who underwent implantation at age 6–21 years. We analyzed intervention rate, mortality, rate and characteristics of complications and treatment options.ResultsA total of 20/73 patients (27.4%) received ≥1 episode of appropriate therapy (AT) for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (anti‐tachycardia pacing or shock) and 24/73 patients (32.8%) had one or multiple episodes of inappropriate therapy (IT). Eight patients (11%) had both interventions: AT + IT. A total of 15/73 patients (20.5%) had ventricular lead dysfunction, with 13 re‐implantations (17.8%) of a new system. Four of 73 patients (5.5%) had infection: endocarditis or device pocket infection. A total of 2/73 patients (2.7%) died due to ventricular lead dysfunction, while 22/73 patients (30.1%) needed elective device replacement, five of them twice (6.8%).ConclusionEndocardial ICD implantation in children and young adults is a feasible and life‐saving procedure, according to the present 15 year follow up. The rate of complications including IT was high: 72.8% in the young ICD recipients. Re‐implantation of a new system was often required due to ventricular lead dysfunction or infection in 25% of the patients.