bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of enhanced cleaning on bacterial contamination of the hospital environmental surfaces: a clinical trial in critical care unit in an Egyptian hospital
Authors: Hamed Nermine Mahmoud Hassan , Deif Osama Ahmed , El-Zoka Aleya Hanafy , Abdel-Atty Magda Mohamed , Hussein Mohamed Fakhry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Contaminated environmental surfaces play an important role in the transmission of pathogens that cause healthcare acquired infection (HAI). The present study aimed to assess the effect of enhanced cleaning techniques on bacterial contamination in high-touch areas compared to routine cleaning at the intensive care units (ICU) of the neurosurgery department of Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt.

Methods
The assessment of the knowledge and practices of healthcare cleaning workers and nurses was conducted through a questionnaire and an observational checklist. An educational program about enhanced cleaning was carried out for healthcare cleaning workers and nurses in one room of the ICU unit. Environmental surface swabs were taken from the two rooms of the ICU before and after cleaning (room A and room B). Room A was selected to apply the enhanced cleaning, and room B was selected for routine cleaning.

Results
A significant decrease in bacterial counts in the high-touch areas around the patients after the application of enhanced cleaning compared to routine cleaning (p < 0.001) was observed. Gram-negative bacteria isolated from high-touch areas accounted for 45.6% of the samples collected before enhanced cleaning, and they became 16.3% after enhanced cleaning (p < 0.001), while they accounted for 40% after routine cleaning. The enhanced cleaning intervention in Room A resulted in a significant reduction in total infections, decreasing from 18 cases in the six months prior to the intervention to 11 cases in the six months following its implementation. (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The effect of enhanced cleaning was evident in decreasing bacterial counts in the high-touch areas around the patient and consequently in the records of the HAI rate inside the ICU.

Clinical trial registration number
PACTR202402531001186, date: 15 February 2024, ‘retrospectively registered’.
An innovation potential and organizational performance: an integrative role of company’s dynamic capabilities
Authors: Fainshtein Elizaveta , Chkoniya Valentina , Fiore Mariantonietta , Serova Elena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe restaurant business plays a crucial role in the food economy and, like many industries, faces numerous challenges due to the rapid pace of change, driven by consumer trends and shifting demographics. In response to the pressure on businesses to adapt to these changing circumstances, new restaurant concepts, organizational structures and technologies have emerged in the hope of finding methods that are more agile during unpredictable times. The development of dynamic capabilities is a critical issue for both academics and practitioners, as it can enhance competitive advantages and improve organizational performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of dynamic capabilities on innovative potential and organizational performance. Through a literature review and the dynamic capability view, a theoretical model is proposed. This model was validated using the PLS-SEM technique, based on responses from 143 restaurants across eight of the largest Russian cities. The results indicate that dynamic capabilities related to the value proposition serve as a complete mediator in the relationship between a company's innovative potential and its performance in a highly volatile context. The proposed theoretical model is both unique and effective, demonstrating high explanatory power. This study enriches the existing literature on dynamic capabilities by addressing empirical research gaps and elucidating the mechanisms through which dynamic capabilities influence organizational performance.
Ganet: graph attention based Terracotta Warriors point cloud completion network
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhang Yuhe , Shiqin Gaoxue , Zhou Pengbo , Wen Yue , Geng Guohua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Point cloud completion technology is used to address incomplete three-dimensional point cloud data, predicting and reconstructing the original shape and details to achieve virtual restoration. While existing learning-based methods have made significant progress in point cloud completion, they still face challenges when dealing with noise and invisible data. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-layer upsampling network based on a graph attention mechanism, called GANet. GANet consists of three main components: (1) feature extraction; (2) seed point generation; (3) State Space Model-based Point Cloud Upsampling Layer. GANet demonstrates exceptional robustness in handling noise and invisible data. To validate the effectiveness of GANet, we applied it to Terracotta Warrior data. The Terracotta Warriors, as important cultural heritage, present a challenging test case due to damage and missing parts caused by prolonged burial and environmental factors. We trained and tested GANet on both the PCN dataset and Terracotta Warrior data, comparing it with several recent learning-based methods. Experimental results show that GANet can effectively reconstruct missing or damaged parts of 3D point clouds, providing more detailed and structurally accurate completion results. These completion models not only validate GANet’s effectiveness but also offer valuable references for cultural heritage restoration work.
Predictive biomarkers in daily anatomic pathology – is there something ready for sarcomas? A review and insights for future directions
Authors: Gallas Luiza Fadul , Pacca André Morales , de Andrade Natal Rodrigo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that remain with poor prognosis. This review highlights some emerging predictive biomarkers that could drive personalized therapy, focusing on KIT, TP53, MDM2, CDK4 mutations, PRAME, INI1 and NF1. Research shows that there is a role for imatinib in some gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT mutations, and the TP53 mutation may someday serve as a biomarker to assist decision-making for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4 are currently targets for new therapeutical drugs. For PRAME, there is perspective for tumors with high CTA expression with some T-cell mediated therapies. INI1 loss can be a target for tazemetostat treatment in patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma, and studies have shown a role for Selumetinib in patients with NF1 mutations related tumors.
Inertial effects in discrete sampling information engines
Authors: Archambault Aubin , Crauste-Thibierge Caroline , Ciliberto Sergio , Bellon Ludovic 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe an experiment on an underdamped mechanical oscillator used as an information engine. The system is equivalent to an inertial Brownian particle confined in a harmonic potential whose center is controlled by a feedback protocol which measures the particle position at a specific sampling frequency

. Several feedback protocols are applied and the power generated by the engine is measured as a function of the oscillator parameters and the sampling frequency. The optimal parameters are then determined. The results are compared to the theoretical predictions and numerical simulations on overdamped systems. We highlight the specific effects of inertia, which can be used to increase the amount of power extracted by the engine. In the regime of large τ, we show that the produced work has a tight bound determined by information theories.
Metody i narzędzia budowania społecznej odporności na dezinformację: od fact-checkingu po edukację medialną
Authors: Pamuła Natalia , Krysiński Przemysław , Kowalska-Chrzanowska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2024

This book raises the issue of disinformation, long-term ways of fighting against it, as well as strategies, methods and tools used in this process. The publication is embedded in the field of information science, but the considerations also include pedagogy, social psychology and computer science. In order to reflect the complex nature of the phenomenon of disinformation, the book discusses models for recognising disinformation, methodologies for verifying information used by selected fact-checking organisations around the world, and technological tools supporting the recognition and verification of information. In addition to immediate methods of combating fake news (fact-checking), the book also presents aspects related to long-term educational activities. For this purpose, initiatives concerning information education in various EU countries are compared, and selected educational initiatives supporting the fight against disinformation in Poland and around the world are characterised. A set of recommendations for designers of e-learning courses related to defense against disinformation is also proposed.
Conditional Approval and Value-Based Pricing for New Health Technologies
Authors: Yapar Özge , Chick Stephen E. , Gans Noah 
Published: November 2024

Health technology assessments often inform decisions made by public payers, such as the UK’s National Health Service, as they negotiate the pricing of companies’ new health technologies. A common assessment mechanism compares the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the new health technology, relative to a standard of care, to a maximum threshold on the cost per quality-adjusted life year. In much research and practice, these assessments may not distinguish between cost-per-patient and negotiated price, effectively ignoring the value-based-pricing principle that better health outcomes merit higher prices. Other research makes this distinction, but it does not account for uncertainty in the ICER associated with clinical trial data that are limited in size and scope. This paper models the strategic behavior of a payer and a company as they price a new health technology, and it considers the use of conditional approval (CA) schemes whose post-marketing trials reduce ICER uncertainty before final pricing decisions are made. Analytical results suggest a very different view of the value-based pricing negotiations underlying these schemes: interim prices used during CA post-marketing trials should reflect cost-sharing for the CA scheme, not just cost-effectiveness goals for a treatment. Moreover, the types of caps on interim prices used by entities such as the UK Cancer Drugs Fund may hinder the development of new technologies and lead to suboptimal CA designs. We propose a new risk-sharing mechanism to remedy this. Numerical results, calibrated to approval data of an oncology drug, illustrate the issues in a practical setting. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management. Funding: Financial support from the Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School to the authors and the support of Dr. Simba Gill and Sabi Dau to the INSEAD Healthcare Management Initiative are gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03628 .
Efficient modelling of infectious diseases in wildlife: A case study of bovine tuberculosis in wild badgers
Authors: Konzen Evandro , Delahay Richard J. , Hodgson Dave J. , McDonald Robbie A. , Brooks Pollock Ellen , Spencer Simon E. F. , McKinley Trevelyan J. 
Published: November 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has significant socio-economic and welfare impacts on the cattle industry in parts of the world. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, disease control is complicated by the presence of infection in wildlife, principally the European badger. Control strategies tend to be applied to whole populations, but better identification of key sources of transmission, whether individuals or groups, could help inform more efficient approaches. Mechanistic transmission models can be used to better understand key epidemiological drivers of disease spread and identify high-risk individuals and groups if they can be adequately fitted to observed data. However, this is a significant challenge, especially within wildlife populations, because monitoring relies on imperfect diagnostic test information, and even under systematic surveillance efforts (such as capture-mark-recapture sampling) epidemiological events are only partially observed.
To this end we develop a stochastic compartmental model of bTB transmission, and fit this to individual-level data from a unique > 40-year longitudinal study of 2,391 badgers using a recently developed individual forward filtering backward sampling algorithm. Modelling challenges are further compounded by spatio-temporal meta-population structures and age-dependent mortality. We develop a novel estimator for the individual effective reproduction number that provides quantitative evidence for the presence of superspreader badgers, despite the population-level effective reproduction number being less than one. We also infer measures of the hidden burden of infection in the host population through time; the relative likelihoods of competing routes of transmission; effective and realised infectious periods; and longitudinal measures of diagnostic test performance. This modelling framework provides an efficient and generalisable way to fit state-space models to individual-level data in wildlife populations, which allows identification of high-risk individuals and exploration of important epidemiological questions about bTB and other wildlife diseases.
Community perspectives of heat and weather warnings for pregnant and postpartum women in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Lusambili Adelaide , Filippi Veronique , Nakstad Britt , Natukunda Julian , Birch Cathryn E. , Marsham John H. , Roos Nathalie , Khaemba Peter , Kovats Sari 
Published: November 2024

Background
Extreme weather is a recognised risk factor for stillbirth and preterm birth, disrupts women’s access to healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, and negatively affects the care of newborns. Reliable and accessible heat and weather warning systems are key in alerting individuals to undertake protective measures. There is a notable gap in understanding how women and caregivers in rural East Africa perceive and utilize weather information. We investigated community members’ heat and weather warning information-seeking behaviour, identified available sources, assessed their reliability and utility, and examined their influence on behaviour.

Settings
Our research was conducted in rural Kilifi County in Kenya’s coastal region. The area experiences temperatures exceeding 23°C throughout the year, with extended periods of extreme temperatures [> 40°C] and long and severe droughts.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews [IDI] with pregnant and postpartum women [n = 21] and held six focus group discussions [FGDs] involving mothers-in-law and community health volunteers [CHVs]. The data were analysed in NVivo 12 using both inductive and deductive approaches.

Results
We found significant gaps concerning pregnant and post-partum women, and their caregivers, having timely access to weather forecasts and heat information from health or meteorological authorities. Information on heat and weather warnings is disseminated through various channels, including television, radio, mobile phones, and word of mouth, which are facilitated by community influencers such as CHVs and local chiefs. Indigenous methods of weather forecasting, such as cloud observation, consulting local “rainmakers”, and studying the behavioural patterns of amphibians, are employed in conjunction with warnings from the Kenyan Meteorological Department (KMD). Barriers to accessing weather information include the cost of television and smartphones and a lack of segmented information in local languages.

Conclusions
National and county meteorological services need to enhance public participation, communication, and the delivery of heat and weather information to guide community-level response measures and individual behaviour change. They should also collaborate with health professionals to address heat risks for vulnerable groups. Further research is needed to empower indigenous weather predictors with modern weather information and revise national policies to deliver tailored messages to vulnerable populations like pregnant and postpartum women.
Lernerfahrungen im Feld der Komparativen Theologie. Ein Werkstattbericht
Authors: Stosch Klaus von 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparative theology originally developed from the encounter with Eastern religions. As a result, it lacks concrete theological discussions with other religions in their theological self-understanding. While the theology of Israel has seemingly always been a breaking point for all theologies of religions, the article aims to show that Qurʾanic theology also holds its own challenges for Christianity, which must be addressed in contemporary comparative theological research. Especially the insight that many Qurʾanic interventions in Christological debates are dependent on a critique of the imperial political theology of Byzantium challenges traditional views on Muslim-Christian relations. But also recent ecumenical approaches to the Qurʾanic theology of Abrahamic religions have to be reflected.
Buddhistische Verhältnisbestimmungen zu anderen Religionen
Authors: Jäger Stefan S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores some basic Buddhist attitudes towards other religions as found in the history of the spread of Buddhism in Asia and, since the 19th century, in the Americas and Europe. In the encounter with other religious traditions, Buddhist formations prove to be highly adaptable and integrative in terms of specific elements, while holding on to fundamental insights. Particular emphasis is placed on Buddhist meta-communicative concepts and terminology. Since Buddhism is basically a non-theistic religion, its encounter with theistic religions can be characterized as asymmetrical.
Integration of simulation technology with assessment in initial teacher education
Authors: Kett Natasha , Spray Erika , Rutherford Nate , Rendoth Tess 
Published: November 2024

Simulated learning environments have rapidly evolved in recent years and are gaining traction as an effective tool in teacher education (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership, 2023; Frei-Landau et al., 2023). This paper explores the use of virtual classroom simulation in initial teacher education at an Australian university. It considers the alignment of simulation activities with mandated learning outcomes, and the challenges in assessing simulation-based learning in ways which are fair, authentic and effective. These issues are analysed within a detailed review of how simSchool, an online virtual classroom gaming platform, has been innovatively integrated within the curriculum and assessment of three undergraduate initial teacher education courses. Each case study report includes an instructor-led evaluation of key elements of the assessment design process, enabling comparison of the different strengths of each approach. The paper concludes by summarising the salient aspects of successful integration and assessment of simulation technology in higher education. This contribution to the discourse of simulation pedagogy seeks to encourage more academics to test the affordances of simulation technology in their teaching by adopting approaches that are tailored for student cohorts and precisely aligned with learning outcomes.

Implications for practice or policy:

Academics should tailor simulation activities for their cohort and learning objectives.
Assessment must be precisely aligned, fair, authentic and effective.
Learner engagement may be increased by careful introduction and management of expectations, with clarification of learning opportunities.
Ongoing evaluation of simulation activities and assessment is important to maintain high quality teaching and learning.
The least gradient problem with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Dweik Samer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the BV least gradient problem with Dirichlet condition on a part

Γ
⊂

∂
⁡
Ω

{\Gamma\subset\partial\Omega}

and Neumann boundary condition on its complementary part

∂
⁡

Ω
\
Γ

{\partial\Omega\backslash\Gamma}

. We will show that in the plane this problem is equivalent to an optimal transport problem with import/export taxes on

∂
⁡

Ω
\
Γ

{\partial\Omega\backslash\Gamma}

. Thanks to this equivalence, we will be able to show existence and uniqueness of a solution to this mixed least gradient problem and we will also prove some Sobolev regularity on this solution. We note that these results generalize those in [S. Dweik,

W

1
,
p

W^{1,p}

regularity on the solution of the BV least gradient problem with Dirichlet condition on a part of the boundary,
Nonlinear Anal. 223 2022, Article ID 113012], where we studied the pure Dirichlet version of this problem.
Gastroesophageal varices in primary biliary cholangitis with anti-centromere antibody positivity: Early onset?
Authors: Shi Han , Wang Qi , Liu Hui , Xu Bin , Liu Yanmin , Zhao Juan , Sun Lina , Chen Dexi , Huang Chunyang , Jin Ronghua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease. During the diagnostic process, the patient’s autoimmune antibodies are routinely examined. Approximately 20% of PBC patients have positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA). We evaluated the clinical characteristics of ACA-positive and ACA-negative PBC patients to explain the differences in disease progression between these two groups. Retrospective data from 961 PBC patients at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2010 to 2019 were gathered and separated into two groups based on ACA positivity. We collected and evaluated clinical laboratory indices, gastroscopy findings, and liver function assessments. In addition, 60 liver biopsies were available for comparison between the 2 groups. Pathologists staged the histological findings using the Ludwig staging criteria and Nakanuma staging and grading. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed on liver biopsies to examine the expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) in the tissue. A synthesis of clinical indicators in the large cohort showed that alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, IgG, white blood cell, and platelet were significantly lower in the ACA-positive group, indicating that the overall status of liver injury was more moderate in the ACA-positive group. Additionally, ACA-positive patients in the non-cirrhotic group were more likely to present with gastroesophageal varices related to portal hypertension. Finally, analysis of pathologic findings showed that parameters were mostly comparable in the two groups, but CK7 differed and was more significantly lower in the ACA-positive group in albumin–bilirubin grade 2 and 3 patients. In summary, we characterized and compared the clinical features of ACA-positive and ACA-negative PBC patients, corroborating previous studies on the relationship between ACA positivity and portal hypertension cross-sectionally. It suggested that gastroesophageal varices might happen in the earlier course of PBC natural progression in the ACA-positive group.