bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dialogic Collaboration across Sectors: Partnering for Sustainability
Authors: Colaner Nathan , Imanaka Jessica Ludescher , Prussia Gregory E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA substantial body of literature in the management discipline has evolved to make the case for and analyze the impacts of cross‐sector partnerships (CSPs). Yet, not all of these CSPs manifest the requisite collaborative propensities to achieve much more than superficial sustainability. Moreover, other disciplines like economics need to be brought to bear on analyses of such partnerships. In this article, we frame sustainable development challenges as collective action problems. We argue that over‐emphasizing the role of a single actor or institution will not yield genuine sustainability. Instead, we propose that a collaborative orientation is necessary for business managers as they deal with challenges as expansive and complex as those presented by goals of the sustainability of the natural environment. Cross‐sector collaborative partnerships (CSCPs) are needed to achieve collective responsibility, wherein dialogic CSCPs issue in a new paradigm of collaborative markets. Market‐based solutions that ignore or minimize the important contributions that may be made by government, academia, and civil society organizations must give way to new models of collaboration across sectors. We identity specific challenges and opportunities for cross‐sector collaboration and provide case examples. There are important limits to addressing environmental and ethics problems from a single sector focus, and we show how meaningful sustainability can be facilitated within a dialogic cross‐sector collaborative perspective.
Population pharmacokinetics of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan in children: a re‐evaluation of paediatric dosing formulas for carboplatin in patients with normal or mild impairment of renal function
Authors: Duong J.K. , Veal G.J. , Nath C.E. , Shaw P.J. , Errington J. , Ladenstein R. , Boddy A.V. 
Published: September 2018

AimsCarboplatin dosage is calculated by using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve a target plasma area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC). The aims of the present study were to investigate factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma, and whether target exposures for carboplatin were achieved using current treatment protocols.MethodsData on children receiving high‐dose carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan for neuroblastoma were obtained from two study sites [European International Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Neuroblastoma study, Children's Hospital at Westmead; n = 51]. A population pharmacokinetic model was built for carboplatin to evaluate various dosing formulas. The pharmacokinetics of etoposide and melphalan was also investigated. The final model was used to simulate whether target carboplatin AUC (16.4 mg ml–1·min) would be achieved using the paediatric Newell formula, modified Calvert formula and weight‐based dosing.ResultsAllometric weight was the only significant, independent covariate for the pharmacokinetic parameters of carboplatin, etoposide and melphalan. The paediatric Newell formula and modified Calvert formula were suitable for achieving the target AUC of carboplatin for children with a GFR <100 ml min–1 1.73 m–2 but not for those with a GFR ≥100 ml min–1 1.73 m–2. A weight‐based dosing regimen of 50 mg kg–1 achieved the target AUC more consistently than the other formulas, regardless of renal function.ConclusionsGFR did not appear to influence the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin after adjusting pharmacokinetic parameters for weight. This model‐based approach validates the use of weight‐based dosing as an appropriate alternative for carboplatin in children with either mild renal impairment or normal renal function.
A review of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme claims database: possibilities and limits for drug utilization research
Authors: Ankrah Daniel , Hallas Jesper , Odei James , Asenso‐Boadi Francis , Dsane‐Selby Lydia , Donneyong Macarius 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are inadequate data on prescribed drug utilization in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Drug utilization research (DUR) in this region is hampered by lack of access to databases that capture prescribed drug utilization such as health insurance claims, electronic medical records and disease registries. The primary objective of this MiniReview was to describe the content of the NHIS claims database in the context of the health care system in Ghana. We will also review the possibilities and limitations of analysing this novel database for drug utilization research (DUR) in Ghana.MethodsWe reviewed the history, composition of the database, coverage and health systems in Ghana. To demonstrate the application of the NHIS claims database for DUR, we reviewed the NHIS’ drug formulary (NHIS medicines’ list), assessed and quantified the utilization of the top 25 most commonly prescribed medicines and their distributions by age, sex, region of residence and by MDCs.ResultsAs of December 2014, about 40% (~10.5 million) of the Ghanaian population were active beneficiaries of NHIS. There were 1.43 million unique patients in the NHIS claims database who received services from about 81 providers located in 9 out of the 10 regions in Ghana. The mean age of this sample of beneficiaries was 31 (standard deviation, 22) years, a third of whom were aged <18 years old. Nearly, 2 out of every 3 beneficiaries were females. On average, there were approximately 3 outpatient visits per beneficiary in 2015. There were about 522 unique drugs on the NHIS medicine list. Overall, analgesic was the most prescribed class of medicine (mostly paracetamol and diclofenac). Antimalarials, artemether‐lumefantrine, were observed as the second most prescribed medicines followed by anti‐infectives (metronidazole) and antihypertensives (amlodipine).ConclusionThe Ghana NHIS claims database is a great resource for DUR. This database could also be extended to facilitate pharmacoepidemiological and other health services’ research especially if transformed into one of the existing standardized common data models.
Dosing recommendations based on population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Mexican adult patients with kidney transplant
Authors: Reséndiz‐Galván Juan Eduardo , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna Edith , Milán‐Segovia Rosa del Carmen , Niño‐Moreno Perla del Carmen , Isordia‐Segovia Javier , Romano‐Moreno Silvia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform a population pharmacokinetic analysis of tacrolimus in Mexican adult kidney transplant patients to analyse the influence of clinical and genetic covariates to propose a dosage regimen. Kidney transplant patients (>18 years old) receiving oral tacrolimus treatment were included in the current study. The population pharmacokinetic model was built using a one‐compartment model and the First Order Conditional Estimation method with Interaction (FOCEI via NONMEM v.7.3.). A total of 600 tacrolimus trough blood concentrations from 52 kidney transplant patients were analysed. Tacrolimus clearances were 26, 18.8 and 12.3 L/h, for patients with genetic polymorphisms CYP3A5*1*1, *1*3 and *3*3, respectively. The influence of haematocrit was inversely related to tacrolimus clearance, following an allometric power function. Total volume of distribution was 604 L. Interindividual variability associated with tacrolimus clearance and distribution volume for the final model was 33 and 63%, respectively, with a residual error of 2.5 ng/mL. Relative bioavailability was calculated between generic formulations A (0.53) and B (1) of tacrolimus. Internal validation was performed through bootstrap analysis to evaluate the stability of the final model; external validation was performed in a new group of patients (n = 13) to estimate residual errors on basic (57.8%) and final (34.8%) models. Finally, stochastic simulations were performed to propose a dosage regimen based on haematocrit, CYP3A5 genotype and generic formulation of tacrolimus. A stable and predictive population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus was developed for Mexican adult kidney transplant patients; additionally, the proposed dosage regimen of tacrolimus should be prospectively validated.
University students’ emotions in virtual learning: a review of empirical research in the 21st century
Authors: Henritius Eija , Löfström Erika , Hannula Markku S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic review of university students’ emotions in connection with virtual learning based on 91 articles published between 2002 and 2017 in four international journals that focus on virtual learning and educational technology or on learning in higher education. These journals were considered potential channels for research on emotions in virtual learning and higher education. The objective was to analyse the articles for concepts and theoretical background related to virtual learning and emotions, contextual focus, methodological choice, and/or results. The review showed that the most common emotion‐related concept was “satisfaction.” The most common context for the articles was a complete non‐physical learning environment (e.g. Second Life). Approximately 60% of the articles used quantitative methods. The most common design for studying emotions was an explanatory design. Students’ emotions were mainly studied through concepts related to emotion (e.g. “satisfaction”). Yet only a few of the studies focused on the fluctuation of emotions in the course of events, relying instead on post hoc data that treat students’ emotions as traits rather than states.
The evolution of treatment over 80 years at the outpatient department of the Viennese school of dentistry
Authors: Haririan Hady , Pachel‐Tettinger Dagmara , Kirchner Johannes , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe delivery of oral health services, diagnostics and treatment underwent significant changes in the 20th century thanks to achievements by pioneers in dentistry. The Golden Age of Dentistry in Vienna, Austria, was marked by renowned dentists like Bernhard Gottlieb in the 1930s. Data records from the outpatient department of this period have been found and served as a source from which to draw comparisons between those days and the present. To date, data supporting an overall perception of advances in dentistry during the last century in tooth preservation and patients’ demands have been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in treatments and patient characteristics between the interwar period and the present and to assess how treatments for dental emergencies developed.MethodsPatients’ records were extracted from books handwritten from January to May 1933 and compared with electronically generated data from the same period in 2013. In total, patient data from 10 111 individuals (3878 in 1933 and 6233 in 2013) were analysed. Comparisons were undertaken for gender, age, place of residence, diagnosis and therapy.ResultsVarious statistically significant demographic and treatment differences were found between 1933 and 2013. Patients’ mean ages in 2013 and 1933 were 42 and 31 years, respectively. In 2013, there were significantly more women than in 1933 (3378 vs 1936), with 54% women in 2013 and 50% women in 1933. In 2013, there were significantly fewer tooth extractions as dental emergency treatment than in 1933 (2% vs 34%).ConclusionsTreatment in the outpatient department is much more conservative in the 21st century. The characteristics of patients visiting the outpatient department have changed over the generations, and treatment needs should be evaluated accordingly.
Applying deep learning to right whale photo identification
Authors: Bogucki Robert , Cygan Marek , Khan Christin Brangwynne , Klimek Maciej , Milczek Jan Kanty , Mucha Marcin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhoto identification is an important tool for estimating abundance and monitoring population trends over time. However, manually matching photographs to known individuals is time‐consuming. Motivated by recent developments in image recognition, we hosted a data science challenge on the crowdsourcing platform Kaggle to automate the identification of endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The winning solution automatically identified individual whales with 87% accuracy with a series of convolutional neural networks to identify the region of interest on an image, rotate, crop, and create standardized photographs of uniform size and orientation and then identify the correct individual whale from these passport‐like photographs. Recent advances in deep learning coupled with this fully automated workflow have yielded impressive results and have the potential to revolutionize traditional methods for the collection of data on the abundance and distribution of wild populations. Presenting these results to a broad audience should further bridge the gap between the data science and conservation science communities.
Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products
Authors: Veríssimo Diogo , Wan Anita K. Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe unsustainable trade in wildlife is a key threat to Earth's biodiversity. Efforts to mitigate this threat have traditionally focused on regulation and enforcement, and there is a growing interest in campaigns to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products. We aimed to characterize these behavior‐change campaigns and the evidence of their impacts. We searched peer‐reviewed and grey literature repositories and over 200 institutional websites to retrieve information on demand‐reduction campaigns. We found 236 campaigns, mainly in the grey literature. Since the 1970s, the number of campaigns increased, although for over 15% a start date could not be found. Asia was the primary focus, although at the national level the United States was where most campaigns took place. Campaigns most often focused on a single species of mammal; other vertebrates groups, with the exception of sharks, received limited attention. Many campaigns focused on broad themes, such as the wildlife trade in general or seafood. Thirty‐seven percent of campaigns reported some information on their inputs, 98% on strategies, 70% on outputs, 37% on outcomes (i.e., changes in the target audience), and 9% on impacts (i.e., biological changes or threat reduction). Information on outcomes and impacts was largely anecdotal or based on research designs that are at a high risk of bias, such as pre‐ and postcampaign comparisons. It was unclear whether demand‐reduction campaigns had direct behavioral or biological impacts. The lack of robust impact evaluation made it difficult to draw insights to inform future efforts, a crucial part of effectively addressing complex issues, such as the wildlife trade. If demand‐reduction campaigns are to become a cornerstone of the efforts to mitigate the unsustainable trade in wildlife, conservationists need to adopt more rigorous impact evaluation and a more collaborative approach that fosters the sharing of data and insights.
Fast‐acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart in the setting of insulin degludec‐treated type 1 diabetes: Efficacy and safety from a randomized double‐blind trial
Authors: Buse John B. , Carlson Anders L. , Komatsu Mitsuhisa , Mosenzon Ofri , Rose Ludger , Liang Bo , Buchholtz Kristine , Horio Hiroshi , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: September 2018

AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of mealtime or post‐meal fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) vs mealtime insulin aspart (IAsp), both in combination with insulin degludec, in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsThis multicentre, treat‐to‐target trial (Clinical trial registry: NCT02500706, ClinicalTrials.gov) randomized participants to double‐blind mealtime faster aspart (n = 342) or IAsp (n = 342) or open‐label post‐meal faster aspart (n = 341). The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c 26 weeks post randomization. All available information, regardless of treatment discontinuation, was used for evaluation of the effect.ResultsNon‐inferiority for the change from baseline in HbA1c was confirmed for mealtime and post‐meal faster aspart vs IAsp (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: 95%CI, −0.02% [−0.11; 0.07] and 0.10% [0.004; 0.19], respectively). Mealtime faster aspart was superior to IAsp for 1‐hour PPG increment using a meal test (ETD, −0.90 mmol/L [−1.36; –0.45]; P < 0.001). Self‐monitored 1‐hour PPG increment favoured faster aspart at breakfast (ETD, −0.58 mmol/L [−0.99; −0.17]; P = 0.006) and across all meals (−0.48 mmol/L [−0.74; −0.21]; P < 0.001). Safety profiles and overall rate of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia were similar between treatments, but significantly less hypoglycaemia was seen 3 to 4 hours after meals with mealtime faster aspart.ConclusionMealtime and post‐meal faster aspart in conjunction with insulin degludec provided effective glycaemic control compared with IAsp, with no increased safety risk. Mealtime faster aspart provided PPG control superior to that of IAsp.
Perisuspensory abscessation in eight horses with hindlimb cellulitis
Authors: Vyetrogon T. , Dubois M.‐S. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis study reports a distinct presentation of cellulitis, which involved formation of perisuspensory abscessation in eight horses. Medical records of horses presented for cellulitis unresponsive to medical treatment were reviewed. Cases in which perisuspensory abscesses were diagnosed were included. All abscesses formed between the cannon bone and suspensory ligament and extended around one or both suspensory branches. Abscesses were diagnosed via ultrasonography upon admission in three horses and developed within a few days following admission in five horses. All horses were treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories, topical therapies and regional limb perfusions; however, only partial improvement of clinical signs was observed with medical therapy alone. Full resolution of clinical signs was obtained in all cases once the abscess was surgically lanced and drained. The surgical drainage was performed standing in seven cases and under general anaesthesia in one. In all cases, Staphylococcus aureus was cultured. Six out of eight isolates showed at least some level of antibiotic resistance, and penicillin and trimethoprim sulfonamides were most commonly involved. Short‐term complications included skin necrosis in two cases and mild impaction colic in two cases and were successfully treated. All horses were discharged from the hospital within 4–13 days and were sound upon discharge. All Thoroughbreds (n = 7) were able to return to their intended use, and the Standardbred was unraced prior to the cellulitis event and remained unraced afterwards.
Histone modifications associated with biological drug response in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis
Authors: Ovejero‐Benito María C. , Reolid Alejandra , Sánchez‐Jiménez Patricia , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Muñoz‐Aceituno Ester , Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Martín‐Vilchez Samuel , Cabaleiro Teresa , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Daudén Esteban , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionEpigenetic factors play an important role in psoriasis onset and development. Biological drugs are used to treat moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients resistant to conventional systemic drugs. Although they are safe and effective, some patients do not respond to them. Therefore, it is necessary to find biomarkers that could predict response to these therapies.ObjectiveTo find epigenetic biomarkers that could predict response to biological drugs (ustekinumab, secukinumab, adalimumab, ixekizumab).Materials and methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 39 psoriasis patients treated with biological therapies before and after drug administration and from 42 healthy subjects. Afterwards, histones were extracted from PBMCs. Four histone modifications (H3 and H4 acetylation, H3K4 and H3K27 methylation) were determined by ELISA. Data were analysed by IBM‐SPSS v.23.Results and conclusionsPsoriasis patients presented reduced levels of acetylated H3 and H4 and increased levels of methylated H3K4 compared to controls. Non‐significant changes were observed after treatment administration in any of the histone modifications analysed. Nevertheless, significant changes in methylated H3K27 were found between responders and non‐responders to biological drugs at 3 months. As 28% of these patients also presented psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the former analysis was repeated in the subsets of patients with or without PsA. In patients without PsA, significant changes in methylated H3K4 were found between responders and non‐responders to biological drugs at 3 and 6 months. Although further studies should confirm these results, these findings suggest that H3K27 and H3K4 methylation may contribute to patients’ response to biological drugs in psoriasis.
The Impact of Kinship Networks on Foster Care Children's Outcomes
Authors: Leon Scott C. , Dickson Daniel A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo identify different kin and fictive kin network support profiles available to children in foster care and examine whether these profiles predict behavioral outcomes.BackgroundFor kids in foster care, individual‐level strengths have been shown to buffer the impact of maltreatment on negative outcomes. However, little is known about the possible benefit of kin and fictive kin networks on outcomes (e.g., internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors).MethodThis longitudinal study measured the involvement of 221 foster care children's (6–14 years of age) kin and fictive kin networks (e.g., visits, childcare, homework help, transportation). Strengths (e.g., coping, talents), maltreatment, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing behaviors were measured using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths dataset.ResultsUsing latent profile analysis, two kinship involvement profiles emerged: A low‐involvement profile (75.5%) and a high‐involvement profile (23.5%). The high‐involvement profile was negatively associated with internalizing symptoms trajectories but not externalizing behavior trajectories. However, this effect was moderated by child‐level strengths: Children with more strengths and in the high‐involvement profile had the best internalizing symptoms outcomes. Finally, membership in the high‐involvement profile buffered the negative impact of maltreatment on internalizing symptoms trajectories.ConclusionThe presence of both child strengths and kin and fictive kin involvement is associated with better outcomes.ImplicationsThese results support efforts to promote policies and practices designed to engage kin and fictive kin networks, which is not currently a priority in child welfare.