bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and discovery of potent carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α‐glycosidase enzymes inhibitors: The novel N,N′‐bis‐cyanomethylamine and alkoxymethylamine derivatives
Authors: Taslimi Parham , Caglayan Cuneyt , Farzaliyev Vagif , Nabiyev Oruj , Sujayev Afsun , Turkan Fikret , Kaya Ruya , Gulçin İlhami 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDuring this investigation, N,N′‐bis‐azidomethylamines, N,N′‐bis‐cyanomethylamine, new alkoxymethylamine and chiral derivatives, which are considered to be a new generation of multifunctional compounds, were synthesized, functional properties were investigated, and anticholinergic and antidiabetic properties of those compounds were studied through the laboratory tests, and it was approved that they contain physiologically active compounds rather than analogues. Novel N‐bis‐cyanomethylamine and alkoxymethylamine derivatives were effective inhibitors of the α‐glycosidase, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 0.15–13.31 nM for α‐glycosidase, 2.77–15.30 nM for human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I (hCA I), 3.12–21.90 nM for human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes II (hCA II), 23.33–73.23 nM for AChE, and 3.84–48.41 nM for BChE, respectively. Indeed, the inhibition of these metabolic enzymes has been considered as a promising factor for pharmacologic intervention in a diversity of disturbances.
Comparative toxicity studies on bromochloroacetate, dibromoacetate, and bromodichloroacetate in J774A.1 macrophages: Roles of superoxide anion and protein carbonyl compounds
Authors: Hassoun Ezdihar A. , Zeng Xiaoqun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe brominated and mixed bromo‐chloro‐haloacetates, such as dibromoacetate (DBA), bromochloroacetate (BCA), and bromodichloroacetate (BDCA), are by‐products of water chlorination and are found at lower levels than the fully chlorinated acetates in the drinking water. The toxicities of the compounds were assessed in J774A.1 cells and were found to induce concentration‐dependent increases in cell death and superoxide anion and protein carbonyl compounds production. Compared to the previously tested concentrations of dichoroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) in the same cell line, the tested haloacetates induced similar effects on cellular viability and superoxide anion production but at DBA and BCA concentrations that were approximately 40–160 times lower than those of DCA and TCA, and at BDCA concentrations that were 4–16 times lower than those of DCA and TCA. Also, production of super oxide anion, protein carbonyl compounds, and induction of phagocytic activation are suggested to play a role in their toxicity.
An Efficient Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 2‐Azetidinone Derivatives of 4H‐1,2,4‐Triazoles Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Khan Takallum , Yadav Ritu , Gound Surendra Singh 
Published: February 2018

We have synthesized the novel 2‐azetidinone derivatives by using Schiff bases of 1,2,4‐triazoles via a single step protocol. We used DABCO as a good homogenous, ecofriendly, highly reactive, easy to handle, and nontoxic catalyst. In DABCO catalyzed synthesis of active 2‐oxo‐azetidine, a highly electrophilic ketene intermediate can react with weakly nucleophilic (N═CH) linkage, which is used as the precursor for the cycloaddition reaction to deliver the desired products in excellent yields with protic solvents. In addition, the DABCO as an economically viable and readily available catalyst is soluble in almost all solvents and their salts easily filtered off from the reaction medium. Moreover, this new synthetic protocol features high conversion in green solvents and a straightforward procedure.
Embryonic and early development of the Zagros tooth‐carp, Aphanius vladykovi (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontidae)
Authors: Sanjarani Vahed Nafiseh , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Masoudi Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Mehregan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe embryonic and early larval development of laboratory reared Zagros tooth‐carp, Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988, are described and illustrated. Development and embryogenesis start with the external fertilization of sticky, transparent and spherical telolecithal/macrolecithal eggs with a mean diameter of 1.61± 0.12 mm and it continues with meroblastic/radial cleavage, blastulation/blastula formation, epibolic cell migration during gastrulation and organogenesis resulting in a newly hatched larvae of 5.23 ± 0.09 mm in length with attached yolk sac at about 164 hr (at 24 ± 1°C) after fertilization.
Characterization of cellular and matrix alterations in the early pathogenesis of osteochondritis dissecans in pigs using second harmonic generation and two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Finnøy Andreas , Olstad Kristin , Lilledahl Magnus B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOsteochondritis dissecans is a joint disease that is observed in several species. The disease can develop as a cause of ischemic chondronecrosis in the epiphyseal growth cartilage. Some lesions of chondronecrosis undergo spontaneous resolution, but it is not possible to predict whether a lesion will resolve or progress and require intervention. Proliferation of cells into clusters occurs at the lesion margin, but it is unclear if the clusters have a repair function. The aims of the current study were to examine clusters and potential matrix changes in response to ischemic chondronecrosis in the distal femur of 10 pigs aged 70–180 days using advanced microscopy based on two‐photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation. These microscopy techniques can perform 3D imaging of cells and collagen without staining. The results indicated a lower collagen density in the chondronecrotic areas compared to the normal growth cartilage, and fissures and breaks in the matrix integrity were demonstrated that potentially can propagate and cause osteochondritis dissecans. A higher number of cells in clusters was correlated with reduction in collagen density in the lesions. Some of the cells in the clusters had a morphology similar to progenitor cells, suggesting a potential repair role of the clusters. The study has shed further light on the secondary responses after initial lesion formation, which information can be of potential use to create models that can predict lesion progression and that may hence avoid unnecessary interventions in the future. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2089–2098, 2018.
Vein wrapping promotes M2 macrophage polarization in a rat chronic constriction injury model
Authors: Hirosawa Naoya , Uchida Kentaro , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Murakami Kenichi , Inoue Gen , Miyagi Masayuki , Matsuura Yusuke , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhide , Suzuki Takane , Takaso Masashi , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough the therapeutic potential of vein wrapping (VW) for recurrent compressive neuropathy has been widely reported, the mechanisms underlying this technique have not been characterized. M2 macrophages induced by interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) or interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) have an anti‐inflammatory function and play an important role in peripheral nerve repair. To evaluate whether VW promotes M2 polarization, we divided chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats into untreated and VW (CCI + VW)‐treated groups. Pain withdrawal thresholds in both groups were evaluated using von Frey filaments. Expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10 in vein and nerve were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and expression of the anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage markers CD206 and arginase‐1 (Arg1) after VW was assessed by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. To evaluate the effect of exogenous IL‐4 or IL‐10 on M2 macrophage‐marker expression, CD11b‐positive macrophages isolated from sciatic nerve were stimulated with recombinant IL‐4 and IL‐10. VW significantly increased the pain withdrawal threshold. IL‐4 and IL‐10 mRNA expression was higher in veins than in the sciatic nerve. VW significantly increased CD206 and Arg1 mRNA expression compared to the CCI group. The number of CD206‐ and Arg1‐immunoreactive cells in nerve bundles was twofold higher in the CCI + VW than CCI group. Application of exogenous IL‐4 doubled CD206 and Arg1 mRNA expression in CD11b‐positive macrophages. These results show that vein‐derived IL‐4 potentiates the benefit of VW through the activation of M2 macrophages in the sciatic nerve. Our results may help to optimize current procedures for treating recurrent compressive neuropathy. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2210–2217, 2018.
Inhibition of ADAM10 in satellite cells accelerates muscle regeneration following muscle injury
Authors: Mizuno Sakiko , Yoda Masaki , Shimoda Masayuki , Chiba Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masaya , Horiuchi Keisuke 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTMuscle injury is one of the most common orthopedic and sports disorders. For severe cases, surgical repair may be indicated; however, other than immobilization and the administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs there is currently no effective conservative treatment for this condition. Satellite cells (SCs) are muscle‐specific stem cells and are indispensable for muscle regeneration after muscle injury. SCs are activated upon muscle injury to proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts, which subsequently fuse into myofibers and regenerate the damaged muscle. We have previously shown that ADAM10, a membrane‐anchored proteolytic enzyme, is essential for the maintenance of SC quiescence by activating the Notch signaling pathway in SCs. Because suppression of ADAM10 activity in SCs can activate SC differentiation, we asked whether inactivation of ADAM10 in SCs after muscle injury could enhance muscle regeneration. Using Adam10 conditional knockout mice, in which ADAM10 activity can specifically be suppressed in SCs, we found that partial inactivation of ADAM10 accelerates muscle regeneration after muscle injury. Nearly identical results were obtained by the administration of GI254023X, a selective ADAM10 inhibitor. The findings of the present study thus indicate that transient enhancement of SC differentiation after muscle injury expedites muscle regeneration and that ADAM10 can be a potential molecular target in treating muscle injuries. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2259–2265, 2018.
A network meta‐analysis of interproximal oral hygiene methods in the reduction of clinical indices of inflammation
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Lian Qinshu , Ioannou Andreas L. , Michalowicz Bryan S. , John Mike T. , Chu Haitao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundA wide selection of Interdental Oral Hygiene (IOH) aids is available to consumers. Recommendations for selection are, however, limited by the lack of direct comparisons in available studies. We aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of IOH aids using Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis (BNMA).MethodsTwo independent reviewers performed a systematic literature review of randomized clinical trials assessing IOH aids, based on a focused question. Gingival inflammation (Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding‐on‐probing (BOP)) was the primary outcome and plaque and probing depth were secondary outcomes A random‐effects arm‐based BNMA model was run for each outcome; posterior medians and 95% credible‐intervals (CIs) summarized marginal distributions of parameters.ResultsA two‐phase selection process identified 22 trials assessing 10 IOH aids as brushing adjuncts. Interdental brushes (IB) yielded the largest reduction in GI (0.23 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.37]) as toothbrushing adjuncts, followed by water‐jet (WJ) (0.19 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.24]). Rankings based on posterior probabilities revealed that IB and WJ had the highest probability of being “best” (64.7% and 27.4%, respectively) for GI reduction, whereas the probability for toothpick and floss being the “best” IOH aids was near zero. Notably, except for toothpicks, all IOH aids were better at reducing GI as compared with control.ConclusionsBNMA enabled us to quantitatively evaluate IOH aids and provide a global ranking of their efficacy. Interdental brushes and water‐jets ranked high for reducing gingival bleeding, whereas toothpicks and floss ranked last. The patient‐perceived benefit of IOH aids is not clear because gingival inflammation measures are physical indicators of periodontal health.
Periodontal profile classes predict periodontal disease progression and tooth loss
Authors: Morelli Thiago , Moss Kevin L. , Preisser John S. , Beck James D. , Divaris Kimon , Wu Di , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent periodontal disease taxonomies have limited utility for predicting disease progression and tooth loss; in fact, tooth loss itself can undermine precise person‐level periodontal disease classifications. To overcome this limitation, the current group recently introduced a novel patient stratification system using latent class analyses of clinical parameters, including patterns of missing teeth. This investigation sought to determine the clinical utility of the Periodontal Profile Classes and Tooth Profile Classes (PPC/TPC) taxonomy for risk assessment, specifically for predicting periodontal disease progression and incident tooth loss.MethodsThe analytic sample comprised 4,682 adult participants of two prospective cohort studies (Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and Piedmont Dental Study) with information on periodontal disease progression and incident tooth loss. The PPC/TPC taxonomy includes seven distinct PPCs (person‐level disease pattern and severity) and seven TPCs (tooth‐level disease). Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of these latent classes with disease progression and incident tooth loss, adjusting for examination center, race, sex, age, diabetes, and smoking. To obtain personalized outcome propensities, risk estimates associated with each participant's PPC and TPC were combined into person‐level composite risk scores (Index of Periodontal Risk [IPR]).ResultsIndividuals in two PPCs (PPC‐G: Severe Disease and PPC‐D: Tooth Loss) had the highest tooth loss risk (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 2.6 to 5.0 and RR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.9 to 5.1, respectively). PPC‐G also had the highest risk for periodontitis progression (RR = 5.7; 95% CI = 2.2 to 14.7). Personalized IPR scores were positively associated with both periodontitis progression and tooth loss.ConclusionsThese findings, upon additional validation, suggest that the periodontal/tooth profile classes and the derived personalized propensity scores provide clinical periodontal definitions that reflect disease patterns in the population and offer a useful system for patient stratification that is predictive for disease progression and tooth loss.
Self‐perceived oral symptoms and periodontal status among young intravenous heroin addicts: A cross‐sectional case‐control study
Authors: Mehmood Abid , Abduljabbar Tariq , Al‐Hamoudi Nawwaf , Gholamiazizi Elham , Kellesarian Sergio Varela , Vohra Fahim , Javed Fawad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesized that (a) self‐perceived oral symptoms (OSs) are worse in intravenous heroin addicts (IHA) than controls; and (b) clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], PD and clinical attachment loss [AL]), number of missing teeth (MT), and radiographic marginal bone loss (MBL) are higher in IHA compared with controls. The aim was to compare the self‐perceived OSs and periodontal parameters among young IHA and controls.MethodsSociodemographic data, self‐perceived OSs and duration and daily frequency of intravenous heroin use was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Full‐mouth PI, BOP, PD, and clinical AL were measured, and number of MT were recorded. Mesial and distal MBL on all teeth was measured on digital radiographs. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed for self‐perceived OSs and periodontal parameters were assessed using the Mann Whitney U‐test and logistic regression analysis. Sample‐size was estimated, and level of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsOR (95% CI) for self‐perceived loose teeth (P < 0.001), pain in teeth (P < 0.001), dry mouth (P < 0.001), burning sensation in mouth (P < 0.001), bleeding gums (P < 0.001) and pain during chewing (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the test than control group. Number of MT (P < 0.05), PI (P < 0.05), clinical AL (P < 0.05), and mesial (P < 0.05) and distal (P < 0.05) MBL were statistically significantly higher among individuals in the test group compared with the control group.ConclusionSelf‐perceived OSs and periodontal inflammatory parameters were worse in IHA than controls.
Early intervention of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis using a mouse model
Authors: Wong Ryan L. , Hiyari Sarah , Yaghsezian Aline , Davar Mina , Casarin Maísa , Lin Yi‐Ling , Tetradis Sotirios , Camargo Paulo M. , Pirih Flavia Q. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implantitis is an inflammatory response to bacterial biofilm resulting in bone loss and can ultimately lead to implant failure. Because of the lack of predictable treatments available, a thorough understanding of peri‐implantitis's pathogenesis is essential. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the response of acute induced peri‐implantitis and periodontitis lesions after insult removal.MethodsImplants were placed in one‐month‐old C57BL/6J male mice eight weeks post extraction of their left maxillary molars. Once osseointegrated, ligatures were placed around the implants and contralateral second molars of the experimental groups. Controls did not receive ligatures. After one week, half of the ligatures were removed, creating the ligature‐retained and ligature‐removed groups. Mice were sacrificed at two time points, 5 and 14 days, from ligature removal. The specimens were analyzed via micro‐computed tomography and histology.ResultsBy 5 and 14 days after ligature removal, the periodontitis group experienced significant bone gain, whereas the peri‐implantitis group did not. Histologically, all implant groups exhibited higher levels of cellular infiltrate than any of the tooth groups. Osteoclast numbers increased in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis ligature‐retained groups and decreased following insult removal. Collagen was overall more disorganized in peri‐implantitis than periodontitis for all groups. Peri‐implantitis experimental groups revealed greater matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and NF‐kB levels than periodontitis.ConclusionsImplants respond slower and less favorably to insult removal than teeth. Future research is needed to characterize detailed peri‐implantitis disease pathophysiology.
Preparation, aroma characteristics and volatile compounds of flavorings from enzymatic hydrolyzed rice bran protein concentrate
Authors: Arsa Supeeraya , Theerakulkait Chockchai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice bran is a by‐product obtained from the rice milling industry. The aims of this research were to add value to rice bran by preparation of enzymatic hydrolyzed rice bran protein concentrate (HRPC) as a flavoring agent and the flavoring which was produced by HRPC has not been investigated. Different drying methods (freeze‐drying and spray‐drying) and fructose additions were studied for improvement of rice bran protein sensorial aroma characteristics.RESULTSThe most abundant amino acids in liquid HRPC (LH) were glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid and leucine. The intensity of desirable aromas, such as cereal‐like, nut‐like, milk‐powder‐like, sweet, and cocoa‐like aroma, were higher in spray‐dried HRPC powder (SHP) than in LH and freeze‐dried HRPC. Volatile compounds, such as aldehydes, pyrazines and ketones, were significantly increased in HRPC powders in which fructose was added before spray‐drying (SHP‐F). Higher amounts of 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, vanillin, 2‐acetylpyrrole and maltol were detected in SHP‐F. Moreover, these compounds had high odor active values, which accounted for the cocoa‐like, sweet, nut‐like, and milk‐powder‐like characteristics of SHP‐F.CONCLUSIONSThese findings could lead to the creation of desirable aroma characteristics of rice bran protein concentrate by different preparation methods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The Current State of Ultrasound Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs
Authors: Alrahmani Layan , Codsi Elisabeth , Borowski Kristi S. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesWe evaluated the current state of ultrasound training in obstetrics and gynecology (OB‐GYN) residency programs across the United States.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to OB‐GYN residency program directors and OB‐GYN residents. Responses were obtained in September 2016. Program directors and residents were asked to reflect on their current ultrasound curriculum.ResultsA total of 93 program directors and 437 residents responded. Respondents were mostly from university programs located in tertiary centers. Ultrasound curricula varied: 11% of program directors and 23% of residents did not have any ultrasound‐related didactics; of those who did, 27% of program directors and 40% of residents had it yearly or less. Three‐quarters had mandatory ultrasound rotations, and few offered ultrasound electives (program directors, 52%; residents, 28%). Most residents were required to perform ultrasound examinations daily or weekly (98%). Most stated that the main focus of the rotation was OB only. Skill was evaluated mainly subjectively by direct observation. Although most program directors stated that residents were satisfactory/excellent in ultrasound, 22% would not treat patients on the basis of ultrasound examinations performed by their senior residents. Similarly, of all postgraduate year 4 respondents (n = 86), 76% stated that they will require additional training to be able to perform or read ultrasound examinations independently, and 43% would not treat a patient on the basis of their own ultrasound examinations without further confirmation. Residents believed that the biggest obstacle in ultrasound training is lack of dedicated faculty time (41%).ConclusionsRecognizing the lack of clearly defined milestones in ultrasound training in OB‐GYN residency, this study confirms the substantial heterogeneity in curricula between programs, highlighting a need for a standardized ultrasound curriculum.
The Thermodynamic Links between Substrate, Enzyme, and Microbial Dynamics in Michaelis–Menten–Monod Kinetics
Authors: Maggi Federico , M. Tang Fiona H. , Riley William J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAccurate prediction of the temperature response of the velocity v of a biochemical reaction has wide applications in cell biology, reaction design, and biomass yield enhancement. Here, we introduce a simple but comprehensive mechanistic approach that uses thermodynamics and biochemical kinetics to describe and link the reaction rate and Michaelis–Menten constants (kT and T) with the biomass yield and mortality rate (T and δT) as explicit functions of . The temperature control is exerted by catabolic enthalpy at low temperatures and catabolic entropy at high temperatures, whereas changes in cell and enzyme–substrate heat capacity shift the anabolic electron use efficiency eA and the maximum reaction velocity vmax. We show that cells have optimal growth when the catabolic (differential) free energy of activation decreases the cell free energy harvest required to duplicate their internal structures as long as electrons for anabolism are available. With the described approach, we accurately predicted observed glucose fermentation and ammonium nitrification dynamics across a wide temperature range with a minimal number of thermodynamics parameters, and we highlight how kinetic parameters are linked to each other using first principles.