bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprétation sismo-tectonique des déformations synsédimentaires dans les alluvions holocènes de la Basse Moulouya (Maroc du N.E.)
Authors: Zarki Hamid , Macaire Jean-Jacques , Beck Christian 
Published: September 2018

Les alluvions de la Basse Moulouya, datées de l'Holocène supérieur, montrent des structures de déformation précoce d'un matériel encore gorgé d'eau. Ces structures ne peuvent s'expliquer par de simples mouvements gravitaires puisqu'elles se sont développées sur des surfaces subhorizontales, ni par la charge puisque les contrastes granulométriques entre les différents lits sédimentaires sont faibles (abondance des silts), ni par la bioturbation Elles sont enregistrées préférentiellement dans des sédiments silteux : dépôts de plaine d'inondation qui caractérisent la rive gauche de la basse terrasse.
Plusieurs types sont décrits : bréchification et une intense dislocation des lits silto-argileux ; plissement ; boudinage ; dish structure et aussi les structures de type ball and pillow. Ces déformations résultent d'une expulsion brutale des fluides contenus dans les sédiments et consituent de bons indices de paléoséismicité. Elles témoignent de la continuité des déformations récentes en relation avec la réactivation des accidents majeurs, dans cette partie du Maroc et sont en accord avec la séismicité historique relevée de cette région
Distribution et typologie des champs de dolines dans la région nord-toulonnaise (Provence, S.E. France)
Authors: Blanc Jean-Joseph 
Published: September 2018

Etude et analyse statistique des champs de dolines observés aux massifs de Siou Blanc, Morières et Roucas Traouca au Nord de Toulon, surfaces karstiques en moyenne altitude (625 à 650 m). Méthode d'analyse quantitative des surfaces karstiques utilisant un carroyage kilométrique (repérages sur le terrain, photo-interprétation, filtrages et agrandissements). Evaluation de la densité des dolines ; huit types morphologiques sont définis et pris en compte dans les analyses. Paramètres utilisés : longueurs et azimuths de l'axe principal, largeur, profondeur, type, altitude, coordonnées de position (X et Y). Report des données structurales (failles et diaclases), nature lithologique des substrats.
Situation des dolines : surfaces d'érosion, lignes de crêtes, versants, sous-bassins et petits talwegs asséchés. L'utilisation de la méthode du "plus proche voisin statistique" permet l'identification de formes à répartition aléatoire, en "clusters" et suivant un réseau hexagonal corrélé à l'héritage tectonique malgré 33,9 % d'observations indéterminées.
Analyses multivariées : descripteurs morphologiques et de positions, orientation et typologie. Méthodes d'agrégation autour des centres mobiles. Seulement trois classes sur six sont définies par les paramètres de l'analyse factorielle. L'analyse hiérarchique en fonction de la variance met en évidence des groupements significatifs et des "noyaux" secondaires avec une proportion d'objets dispersés non négligeable.
Time Evolution of the X-Ray and γ-Ray Fluxes of the Crab Pulsar
Authors: Yan L. L. , Ge M. Y. , Lu F. J. , Zheng S. J. , Tuo Y. L. , Li Z. J. , Song L. M. , Qu J. L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We studied the evolution of the X-ray and γ-ray spectra of the Crab pulsar utilizing the 11-year observations from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and 9-year observations from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST). By fitting the spectrum of each observation, we obtained the corresponding flux and then analyzed the long-term evolution of the X-ray (or γ-ray) luminosities as well as their correlations with the spin-down power of the pulsar. The X-ray flux in 5–60 keV obtained by the Proportional Counter Array of RXTE decreases with a rate of (−2.4 ± 0.4) × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 per day. The X-ray flux in 15–250 keV obtained by the High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment of RXTE and the γ-ray flux in 0.1–300 GeV by the Large Area Telescope onboard FGST show similar decreasing trends but are insignificant statistically. The 5–60 keV X-ray luminosity L
X is correlated with the spin-down power L
sd by

, which is similar to the statistical results for young pulsars.
The Origin of the Heavy-element Content Trend in Giant Planets via Core Accretion
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Bryden Geoffrey , Ikoma Masahiro , Vasisht Gautam , Swain Mark 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We explore the origin of the trend of heavy elements in observed massive exoplanets. Coupling of better measurements of the mass (M

p
) and radius of exoplanets with planet structure models enables estimating the total heavy-element mass (M

Z
) in these planets. The corresponding relation is characterized by a power-law profile,

. We develop a simplified but physically motivated analysis to investigate how the power-law profile can be produced under the current picture of planet formation. Making use of the existing semi-analytical formulae of accretion rates of pebbles and planetesimals, our analysis shows that the relation can be reproduced well if it traces the final stage of planet formation. In the stage, planets accrete solids from gapped planetesimal disks, and gas accretion is limited by disk evolution. We find that dust accretion accompanying gas accretion does not contribute to M

Z
for planets with

. Our findings are broadly consistent with those of previous studies, yet we explicitly demonstrate how planetesimal dynamics is crucial for better understanding the relation. While our approach is simple, we can reproduce the trend of a correlation between planet metallicity and M

p
that is obtained by detailed population synthesis calculations when the same assumption is adopted. Our analysis suggests that pebble accretion would not play a direct role at the final stage of planet formation, whereas radial drift of pebbles might be important indirectly for metal enrichment of planets. Detailed numerical simulations and more observational data are required for confirming our analysis.
What happens to groundwater ecosystems when you take out the groundwater?
Authors: Hose Grant , Korbel Kathryn , Chariton Anthony 
Published: September 2018

The removal of groundwater results in the lowering of water tables, which, for groundwater organisms, translates to reduced habitat availability and changed environmental conditions in the habitat that remains. While changes in groundwater levels may be well modelled and predicted, the impacts on groundwater ecosystems remain poorly known.
There are three key processes associated with groundwater drawdown in shallow alluvial aquifers that may threaten groundwater ecosystems. These processes are 1. the physical decline of water levels, from which fauna can be stranded in isolated or unsaturated sediments; 2. the loss of or change to habitat, particularly as water levels move through different geological strata and 3. changes in hydrological connectivity, that may influence water quality as a result of increasing distance or disconnection from the surface and other water sources.
Results from laboratory studies show the variable capacity for stygobiotic invertebrates to move with declining water tables, dependent on both drawdown rate and sediment attributes. Once isolated in unsaturated habitats, our tests show that survival of fauna is limited beyond 48 h. Invertebrates are constrained by sediment size and unable to use those with relatively small pore spaces and may not be able to use all available saturated habitats.
This talk will present a framework that identifies the key threats of groundwater drawdown to groundwater ecosystems and will highlight the current state of knowledge of each of these threatening processes. We present the results of empirical studies on the response of stygobiotic invertebrates to specific elements of the framework.
Violence politique et légitimisme pendant la Première guerre carliste : une occasion manquée
Authors: Blanchard Laetitia 
Published: September 2018

A partir de 1833, pour l’Europe entière et en particulier pour la France, la Première guerre carliste représente le combat des deux grands principes qui gouvernent l’ensemble des nations européennes. Les légitimistes s’appuient sur cette guerre pour revendiquer leur place sur la scène politique européenne. La Première guerre carliste est un facteur d’amplification de la violence politique à l’extérieur des frontières espagnoles. Comment ce conflit armé a-t-il pu raviver les tensions entre les défenseurs des régimes absolutistes et les libéraux en dehors de l’Espagne ? Comment a-t-il pu redonner de l’espoir à une communauté légitimiste en perte de vitesse et comment a-t-il également réussi à générer des appels à l’action violente ? Il s’agit d’une tentative de brutalisation de la politique qui vise à inverser un rapport de force en usant du parallélisme avec une partie du peuple espagnol qui a opté pour la conquête du pouvoir par les armes. Les carlistes espagnols deviennent un modèle à imiter dans toute l’Europe. En effet, pour les légitimistes, la lutte n’est jamais achevée. Il s’agit de préparer la Restauration absolutiste partout où cela est encore possible. Cette guerre civile espagnole est ainsi considérée comme un épisode supplémentaire d’un combat qui doit aboutir à la victoire définitive du légitimisme européen.
Measurement of Primary Stability of Mini Implants Using Resonance Frequency Analysis
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Kannan Sridhar , Arora Nitin , Bajaj Yatin , Revankar Ameet V. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction
In the last decade, anchorage control with mini-implants has gained enormous credibility in maintaining orthodontic anchorage. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has proven to be an adequate method to measure the stability of these mini-implants because of its non-invasiveness and contactless measurement method.

Materials and Method
Tomas and S.K surgical mini-implants were tested. For this purpose custom fabricated attachment was fabricated to attach the smart peg on orthodontic mini-implant head, and 45 mini-implants were inserted in fresh swine pelvic bone in the density matched sites to that of most common sites where mini-implants are placed in human mandible. Mini-implants of two different lengths with diameter constant were also placed to assess the effect of length on primary stability.

Results
The mean ISQ of Group 1 (Tomas 10 mm) was 55.53±3.39 while that of Group 2 (S.K Surgical 10mm) was 56.63±3.48 and that of Group 3(S.K Surgical 8 mm) was 55.90±3.48. Difference among the groups were not statistically significant when ANOVA test was used (P >0.05).

Conclusion
The resonance frequency analysis is applicable to comparatively assess the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants. There was no difference in primary stability of Tomas and S.K Surgical mini-implant and primary stability was not affected by the length of the mini-implant.
Cortical Piezo-Puncture as a Minimally Invasive Method for Reducing MiniScrew Implant Insertion Torque: A Preliminary in vitro Study
Authors: Gomez Juan Pablo , Giraldo Lisbetd , Montoya Daniela , Urrea Miguel 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cortical piezo-puncture (CPP) on maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), and maximum axial load (MAL) during the insertion of self-drilling miniscrew implants (MSI), in an experimental model with proximal epiphysis of bovine tibia.

Materials and Methods
A comparative study was conducted using two groups of 20 self-drilling MSI inserted in intact bone (control group) and in bone with previous CPP (experimental group). MIT, MRT, and MAL of the 20 mini implants of each group were measured. Using SPSS software, Student’s t-test was applied to compare MIT and MRT and the U-test Mann–Whitney test was applied to compare MAL in both groups as well as Pearson and Spearman correlation.

Results
In the experimental group, average values of 12.85 (±4,32) Newton x centimeters (Ncm), 13.7 (±4,54) Ncm, and 22,474 (±895,95) gF for MIT, MRT, and MAL were found, respectively. In the control group, average values found for MIT, MRT, and MAL were 20.2 (±4,7) Ncm, 22.3 (±5,17) Ncm, and 4688,7 (±320,18) gF, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in MIT, MRT, and MAL between control and experimental groups (P < 0,001).

Conclusions
CPP before insertion of orthodontic MSI in bovine tibia significantly reduces MIT, MRT, and MAL.
Comorbidities in rheumatic arthritis
Authors: Kłodziński Łukasz , Wisłowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common systemic inflammatory diseases, but its etiology is still not fully known. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess what particular comorbidities are involved in the progression of RA and determine the influence that the aforementioned diseases have on each other.Material and methodsForty patients with diagnosed RA according to EULAR/ACR criteria from 2010 were included in the study. The majority of the group was female (n = 35; 87.5%). Patients were tested using routine laboratory and imaging methods allowing diagnosis and assessment of disease activity. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was also evaluated for mineral density. The activity of the disease was assessed using the disease activity score DAS28 (ESR) and SDAI (Simplified Disease Activity Index).ResultsAmong studied patients, based on the DAS28 index, 9 patients were in the remission phase (22.5%) and 12 (30%) had high disease activity. Increased values ​​of CRP were observed in the majority of patients (65%). The group analysis demonstrated the most common comorbidities in patients with RA, as follows: hypertension (n = 14; 35%) and osteoporosis or osteopenia (n = 13; 32.6%).ConclusionsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more susceptible to developing hypertension and osteoporosis. We did not observe a significant association between other comorbidities and activity of RA. The next study will assess a larger number of patients.
Systemic lupus erythematosus of the urinary tract: focus on lupus cystitis
Authors: Liberski Sławomir , Marczak Daria , Mazur Ewelina , Miętkiewicz Kacper , Leis Kamil , Gałązka Przemysław 
Published: September 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently manifests as urinary tract disease, most commonly in the form of lupus nephritis. Bladder involvement in the disease course takes a subclinical form and may affect both children and adults. Lupus cystitis can precede SLE diagnosis and may present with very unspecific urinary and digestive tract symptoms or no symptoms at all. The exact mechanism of bladder inflammation in lupus is not fully understood; however, histopathological studies suggest a possible role of immune complex-mediated small vessel vasculitis. Lupus cystitis is a rare SLE manifestation, but poses a challenge for physicians, due to its complex diagnostics and treatment.
INFLUENCE OF DIANILINE CROSS-LINKING SYSTEMS ON THE STRUCTURE, CURING MECHANISM, AND PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLICESTER ELASTOMER
Authors: Saha Tuhin , Bhowmick Anil K. , Oda Takeshi , Miyauchi Toshiaki , Fujii Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTo develop high-performance polyacrylicester (ACM) elastomeric components with higher scorch safety and superior thermal and mechanical properties, we replaced aliphatic diamine curatives with aromatic dianiline curatives. The influence of dianiline curatives 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenyl-1,1′-diyldioxy)dianiline, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)dianiline, and 4,4′-(1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diyldioxy)dianiline on the network structures and thermal, dynamic mechanical, and mechanical properties of ACM vulcanizates was investigated. The kinetics of vulcanization was analyzed for different dianiline curatives, with the use of rheometer curves. To understand the electronic properties and study the relation between chemical structure and reactivity, density functional theory was used. The time–temperature superposition principal was used to evaluate the activation energy for degradation of cross-linked samples. Finally, the curing mechanism of ACM in the presence of dianiline curative was studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These spectroscopic analyses suggested that the reaction mechanism took place via two steps: the first step was formation of the amide linkage and the second step was formation of imide linkages.
HYBRID SILANE TECHNOLOGY IN SILICA-REINFORCED TREAD COMPOUND
Authors: Wang Danling , Ren Fujun , Zhu Chenxi , Feng Jie , Cheng Qiming , Chen Sheng , Shen Guoli , Wang Feifei 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The use of a silane coupling agent in silica-reinforced tread can effectively improve silica dispersion in the rubber matrix and strengthen the interfacial interaction between the rubber and filler; this is beneficial to the enhancement of tire grip under wet conditions and reduces tire rolling resistance. The monofunctional silane n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) can react with the silanol group of the silica surface and hence improve silica dispersion. It can also suppress silica reaggregation during tire processing. Two hybrid silanes, OTES and 3-mercaptopropylethoxy-bis(tridecyl-pentaethoxy-siloxane) (Si747) or OTES and bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), were filled in silica-reinforced tread compounds. The effect of the two hybrid silanes on the silica was investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The processing ability of the silica-filled compounds and the performance of the vulcanizates were also investigated. Our experimental results show that OTES is able to further react with the silica following reaction between the TESPT and silica and that it should be added when the molar amount of TESPT or Si747 is constant, to prevent reduction of the cross-link density. Furthermore, the addition of OTES can extend the scorch time, especially in Si747 and OTES compounds. In addition, OTES can improve silica dispersion and only has a slightly negative effect on the physical properties of vulcanizates.
DISPERSION OF NANOCLAY IN 1,4-POLYBUTADIENE
Authors: Montella G. , Purdy A. P. , Qadri S. B. , Bhattarai N. , Stroud R. M. , Roland C. M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Two approaches to obtaining better dispersion of organo-modified nanoclay in high-molecular weight polybutadiene were assessed: (1) chemical modification of the polymer to increase its affinity for the silicate layers and (2) increasing the stretching component of the flow field used to mix the materials. As expected, the degree of dispersion, that is, the extent of intercalation of the polymer into the clay galleries and amount of exfoliation of the clay layers, increased with closer matching of the respective solubility parameters of the components. The efficiency of mechanical mixing was greater for flow fields dominated by stretching (extensional flow); less mix energy had to be expended to achieve a given level of reinforcement. However, without sufficient affinity of the polymer for the clay, complete exfoliation could not be obtained solely by mixing. Nevertheless, incomplete dispersion of the nanoclay still yields more than 40-fold increases in viscosity with 5% clay.
EFFECT OF SILICA LOADING AND COUPLING AGENT ON WEAR AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF A TREAD COMPOUND
Authors: Sridharan Harini , Guha Abhilash , Bhattacharyya Sanjay , Bhowmick Anil K. , Mukhopadhyay R. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The effects of highly dispersible silica and the nature of silane in a tire tread cap compound were studied with particular reference to dynamic mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, side force coefficient, and fatigue crack growth (FCG) properties. The rubber matrix chosen was a blend of solution grade styrene butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber. Six different loadings of silica were used. Bistriethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfide (S) was taken as the coupling agent. In addition, the potential of two new generation silanes, 3-octanoylthio-1-propyltriethoxysilane (N) and 3-mercaptopropyl-di [tridecan-1-oxy-13-penta ethyleneoxideethoxysilane] (V) was also explored at 70 phr silica loading. Optimum properties were obtained at 50 phr loading of silica (S50). The tensile moduli for the compounds increased sharply with silica loading. Higher values of tan δ, indicating higher hysteresis, were obtained in compounds containing higher filler dosage. However, enhanced abrasion resistance and side force coefficient were observed at higher loadings of silica due to an increased reinforcement phenomenon. The crack growth exponent (β) was lowest for S50. Among the silanes tested, V showed a 22% drop in tan δ at 70 °C, 11% drop in abrasion loss, and an increase in FCG rate. N exhibited a lower FCG rate as compared with the silane S.
Impact of Management Practices in Industries in the Industrial – Free – Trade Zones in Douala, Littoral Region of Cameroon: “Challenges and Prospects”
Authors: Francis Fuamenya A. 
Published: September 2018

In Cameroon of late, there is growing consciencious that the deleterious impacts of industrial activities on safety health and environmental quality has motivated government and industries to adopt environmental management practices such as the EMSs and EMA, that is, Environmental Management Systems, and Environmental Management Accounting respectively at the least. This paper however, examines the implementation of EMSs and EMA amongst others in industries in the Industrial –Free – Trade Zones of the South West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon that interact with its environment which has been affected by the effluents emanating from industrial activities.This paper also presents an overview of various initiatives like policies that have been crafted by the government of Cameroon to address the problems of industrial activity such as pollution etc. It also seeks to prescrible recommendations which could be used to save the regions, from industrial pollution. After the participation of Cameroon in the Earth’s Summit in Rio de Janerio, Brazil (1992), and ever since the publication of the Brunditland Commission’s Landmark Report ‘‘Our Common Future’’, in (1987), the government has taken significant steps to overhaul its institutional framework vis – à – vis the regulation of industrial pollution.Through a questionnaire based survey carried but from January to July 2016 with the sampled industries in the Industrial – Free – Trade – Zones of the South West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon, data was collected. This paper also aims at addressing motivational factors, implementation hurdles as well as benefits accrued by these industries as a result of adapting environmental management systems in their management practices generally. Studies also support that many benefits arise as a result of EMSs and EMA enforcement, but the paradox is the plethora of hurdles that still persist in industries. Against this background, this paper concludes by prescribing recommendations that seek to promote management practices such as EMSs and EMA in industries in Industrial – Free – Trade – Zones in Cameroon.