bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells on Laboratory Mice Routine Handling Process and their Effect on the Other Immunological Parameters
Authors: Askander Fatin Mohammad , Alrafas Haider Rasheed , Ibraheim Hanaa Khaleel 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Lab mice typically belong to the Mus musculus species. They are the prevailing choice for mammalian research and are utilized for studies in genetics, physiology, psychology, medicine, and various scientific fields.
Aim of the study: The current research aimed to examine how frequently handling laboratory mice impacts their innate immune response through innate lymphoid cells, mucus secretion, as well as various physiological and biochemical blood parameters, and its potential implications on research outcomes.
Study design: Sixty female mice were used in this study all animals were hosted under the same condition and treated with the same rotational animal handling process in different periods including animal control oral gavage and intraperitoneal, sub courteous, and intramuscular injection. Blood samples were gathered at four different time points to analyze various hematological and biochemical parameters, including (RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, ALT, AST enzymes, and urea levels, etc.) while colon tissue were collected and the immunohistochemistry and PAS staining were preformed to evaluate the innate lymphoid cells and mucin secretion at three level through the experimental period.
The results: Based on the findings, there were no notable variations in the levels of Hb and RBC. However, there was a noticeable increase in the WBC count for all animals after 4 minutes of handling, and the levels began to normalize after 10 and 30 minutes. As for the blood's biochemical parameters, including ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea, no details were provided. The results showed that there were no noteworthy alterations in these parameters throughout the entire experimental period.
Conclusion: The handling of the animals is one of the most important factors that can influence the experimental results in lab mice. The WBCs and samples should be collected at least 30 minutes after the handling procedure.
Microbial Sampling and Analysis Taken from Fingerprint System Devices Located at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad - Iraq
Authors: Jameel Sarab K. , Tareq A. Majeed  , Hamid Marwan M. , Younus Zakaria Y. , Rabeea Naz N. , Baker Rola M. , Tawfeeq Waleed A. 
Published: October 2024

Biometric devices (BDs) are nowadays common in use for a variety of purposes. This system involves physical contact between the skin and surface of the device, which is likely to be contaminated by microorganisms of multiple users. However, it can be a source of multiple microbiological contaminations.
This study was done at AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital-Baghdad- Iraq, during the period started from 15th November 2023 till 15th March 2024. It was designed to find out the most common bacteria and fungi that might contaminate the fingerprint devices and performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Forty-six sterile swab samples taken from Twenty-three fingerprint system devices distributed in twelve different hospital departments. From each device we took two swabs, one before sterilization other after, and tested sensitivity patterns against 16 antimicrobials.
Four Gram positive bacteria scored on fingerprint devices, in Medicine, Surgery, Orthopedics and Obstetrics & Gynecology departments represented by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Response to sensitivity test for antibiotics, especially Moxifloxacin, Linezolid, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, Tigecycline and Rifampicin, 100%, as well other antibiotics but in varying degrees, and not any type of fungi were isolated.
In conclusion, Gram positive bacteria population was the most common organisms, and highly response in varying degrees to the most Sixteen antibiotics used in sensitivity test, however, should proper maintenance and educational practices must be applied to minimize contamination.
Clinical and Epidemiological Study of Multiple Sclerosis in Svoge and Troyan
Authors: Nikolova Antonia , Milanov Ivan , Kmetska Ksenia 
Published: October 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by various symptoms depending on the area affected – brain, spinal cord or optic nerves. Multiple sclerosis typically presents at age 20–40 years and affects women more often than men. It is the most frequent nontraumatic disease causing neurologic deficit among young people. According to the 3rd edition of Atlas of MS, published by The Multiple Sclerosis International Federation in 2020, there are 2.8 million people living with the disease around the world. The last study on the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Bulgaria was published in 1999. It estimated prevalence of 44.5/100 000 and incidence 1.03/100 000.
We present an epidemiological study conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 in two small areas in Bulgaria with homogenous and stable population – Svoge and Troyan. The estimated prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Troyan was 116.5/100 000 with incidence of 28.2/100 000. The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Svoge were 117.7/100 000 and 24.5/100 000, respectively. The reason for the higher prevalence and incidence rates in our study may be explained by the better diagnosis of the disease according to well defined diagnostic criteria, the longer survival of the affected individuals and the availability of various disease modifying therapies.
Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds for Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter describes the preparation and properties of trivalent and pentavalent organoiodine compounds that are used as reagents for oxidation reactions. These compounds are represented by λ3‐ and λ5‐iodanes bearing one carbon ligand along with halogen, oxygen, or nitrogen ligands in a noncyclic or a cyclic (benziodoxole) structure. A detailed description of the best synthetic methods for the preparation of organoiodine(III) halides, iodosylarenes, [bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes, aryliodine(III) sulfonates, amidoiodanes, imidoiodanes, and substituted benziodoxoles is provided. The preparation and structure of noncyclic and cyclic iodylarenes, including 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP), are also discussed.
An average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm in TCP/AQM network
Authors: Zhu Jin , Luo Tong , Yang Lin , Xie Wanqing , Dullerud Geir E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCongestion detection in transmission control protocol/active queue management networks remains a challenging problem in which the choosing of congestion signal is one of the most important factors. Exponentially weighted moving average of queue length, the most widely used congestion signal, is facing difficulties in detecting incipient congestion and quantifying the optimal forgetting factor. Aiming at these 2 disadvantages, we propose an average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm where exponentially weighted moving average of queue‐length difference is chosen as the congestion signal with the theoretical optimal forgetting factor deduced. First, by defining the queue‐length difference as the state, the corresponding state equation is derived from the fluid model. Second, we prove that the inflow traffic in state equation is a discrete‐time martingale, which can be transformed to a Wiener process according to the martingale representation theorem. Noticing that the observation of state will be coupled with noise because of the unstable transmission, the state estimation is then derived with the application of recursive least squares filter. The filter gain of state estimation, which is a function of the noise‐signal ratio, corresponds to the optimal forgetting factor in average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm. Simulation results in NS‐3 and MATLAB illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Ultrafast, Reversible Transition of Superwettability of Graphene Network and Controllable Underwater Oil Adhesion for Oil Microdroplet Transportation
Authors: Ding Guomin , Jiao Weicheng , Wang Rongguo , Niu Yue , Chen Liuyang , Hao Lifeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecently, reversible surface superwettability has attracted enormous interest, and methods to shorten the cycle time of transition have also garnered the attention of researchers. Herein, a superhydrophobic, open‐cell graphene network (OCGN) is fabricated via self‐assembly of graphene oxide and vapor ejection. Owing to the special open‐cell microstructure, the OCGNs can be transformed to be superhydrophilic rapidly within only 1 s by air plasma treatment. Moreover, the OCGNs with pure graphene composition have a high conductivity and show an ultrafast Joule heating rate of up to 20 °C s−1 at a voltage of 20 V. By means of this property, for the first time an ultrafast recovery of the superhydrophobicity for OCGNs by self‐induced Joule heating with the shortest time of 1 min is reported. The mechanism of ultrafast, reversible transition is also explored specifically in this study. In addition, the superhydrophilic OCGNs show superoleophobicity in water and their underwater adhesion for oil droplets can be controlled by plasma treatment. Finally, the OCGNs with different oil adhesion properties are fabricated and the underwater oil microdroplet transportation is realized using OCGNs. Therefore, the OCGNs with smart surface can be an excellent candidate for achieving multifunctional superwettability of surfaces.
Bismuth Ferrite‐Based Nanoplatform Design: An Ablation Mechanism Study of Solid Tumor and NIR‐Triggered Photothermal/Photodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Chunyu , Chen Yaodong , Guo Wei , Gao Yan , Song Chuanqi , Zhang Qun , Zheng Nannan , Han Xiaojun , Guo Chongshen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough nanomaterial‐mediated phototherapy, in particular photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), is extensively investigated in recent years, the ablation mechanism, evolution, and rehabilitation process of in vivo solid tumor after phototherapy are rarely explored yet and remain a terra incognita. Herein, a kind of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (abbreviated as BFO NPs) are strategically designed and synthesized with a desirable size and bioactivity as a brand‐new phototherapeutic agent for the phototherapy, which are of strong near infrared (NIR) absorbance, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding photophysical activity for the hyperthemia and reactive oxygen species generation. Resultantly, BFO NPs can realize simultaneous PTT/PDT synergistic therapy outcome against cancer cells and solid tumor under NIR laser irradiation. Meanwhile, for the first time, more attentions are paid to demonstrate ablation mechanism and evolution process of in vivo solid tumor after phototherapy by B‐mode ultrasonography/magnetic resonance imaging as well as histopathological analysis, all of which verify a series of physiological processes, being in order of necrosis of parenchymal cells, in situ tissue disintegration, liquefaction, and finally encapsulation process.
Materials and Wearable Devices for Autonomous Monitoring of Physiological Markers
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Haick Hossam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWearable devices are gaining considerable attention owing to the ease with which they can collect crucial information in real‐time, both continuously and noninvasively, regarding a wearer's health. A concise summary is given of the three main elements that enable autonomous detection and monitoring of the likelihood or the existence of a health‐risk state in continuous and real‐time modes, with an emphasis on emerging materials and fabrication techniques in the relevant fields. The first element is the sensing technology used in the noninvasive detection of physiological markers relevant to the state of health. The second element is self‐powered devices for longer periods of use by drawing energy from bodily movement and temperature. The third element is the self‐healing properties of the materials used in the wearable devices to extended usage if they become scratched or cut. Promises and challenges of the separately reviewed parts and the combined parts are presented and discussed. Ideas regarding further improvement of skin‐based wearable devices are also presented and discussed.
Base‐Promoted Carbonylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with Selenium under CO Gas‐free Conditions
Authors: Wang Hai , Ying Jun , Lai Ming , Qi Xinxin , Peng Jin‐Bao , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report here a new carbonylative procedure for the cyclization of propargylic amines with elemental selenium (Se). By usingtBuOK as the promoter, various 1,3‐selenazolidin‐2‐ones were produced without the usage of toxic CO gas. Benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) was employed as a safe and convenient CO surrogate here, and a broad class of substrates (29 examples) were effectively transformed into the desired products in 50–97% yields under mild conditions.magnified image
Limited pollen dispersal, small genetic neighborhoods, and biparental inbreeding inVallisneria americana
Authors: Lloyd Michael W. , Tumas Hayley R. , Neel Maile C. 
Published: March 2018

Premise of the StudyPollen dispersal is a key process that influences ecological and evolutionary dynamics of plant populations by facilitating sexual reproduction and gene flow. Habitat loss and fragmentation have the potential to reduce pollen dispersal within and among habitat patches. We assessed aquatic pollen dispersal and mating system characteristics inVallisneria americana—a water‐pollinated plant with a distribution that has been reduced from historic levels.MethodsWe examined pollen neighborhood size, biparental inbreeding, and pollen dispersal, based on seed paternity using the indirect paternity method KinDist, from samples of 18–39 mothers and 14–20 progeny per mother from three sites across 2 years.Key ResultsOn average, fruits contained seeds sired by seven fathers. We found significant biparental inbreeding and limited pollen dispersal distances (0.8–4.34 m). However, in a number of cases, correlated paternity did not decline with distance, and dispersal could not be reliably estimated.ConclusionsFrequent pollen dispersal is not expected among patches, and even within patches, gene flow via pollen will be limited. Limited pollen dispersal establishes genetic neighborhoods, which, unless overcome by seed and propagule dispersal, will lead to genetic differentiation even in a continuous population. Unless loss and fragmentation drive populations to extreme sex bias, local pollen dispersal is likely to be unaffected by habitat loss and fragmentation per se because the spatial scale of patch isolation already exceeds pollen dispersal distances. Therefore, managing specifically for pollen connectivity is only relevant over very short distances.
T‐cell replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation attenuates the prognostic impact of FLT3‐ITD in acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Canaani Jonathan , Labopin Myriam , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Arcese William , Ciceri Fabio , Blaise Didier , Irrera Giuseppe , Corral Lucia Lopez , Bruno Benedetto , Santarone Stella , Van Lint Maria Teresa , Vitek Antonin , Esteve Jordi , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring the FLT3‐ITD mutation are considered a high risk patient subset preferentially allocated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first remission. Whether FLT3‐ITD retains a prognostic role in haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT) is unknown. To analyze the prognostic impact of FLT3‐ITD in haplo‐SCT, we performed a retrospective analysis of the multicenter registry of the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. We included all adult AML patients with known FLT3 status who underwent a first T‐cell replete related haplo‐HCT in first complete remission from 2005 to 2016. We evaluated 293 patients of whom 202 were FLT3wt and 91 were FLT3‐ITD mutated. FLT3‐ITD patients were more likely to be NPM1 mutated as well as be in the intermediate risk cytogenetic risk category. In multivariate analysis, patients with FLT3‐ITD had comparable rates of relapse incidence [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34, confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.67‐2.7; P = .9] and leukemia‐free survival (HR = 0.99, CI 95%, 0.62‐1.57; P = .9) to those of FLT3wt patients. Overall survival, the incidence of nonrelapse mortality, and graft versus host disease‐free/relapse‐free survival were not significantly impacted by FLT3‐ITD status. Furthermore, relapse and overall survival were comparable between FLT3‐ITD patients transplanted from various donor pools, namely matched siblings, unrelated donors, haplo‐SCT). Finally, subset analysis of patients with intermediate risk cytogenetics confirmed the absence of a prognostic impact of FLT3‐ITD also for this patient segment. In AML patients undergoing T‐cell replete haplo‐SCT, the FLT3‐ITD mutation possibly does not retain its prognostic significance.
Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X‐ray Powder Diffraction (MA‐XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers: Identification of Areas with Higher Degradation Risk
Authors: Vanmeert Frederik , Hendriks Ella , Van der Snickt Geert , Monico Letizia , Dik Joris , Janssens Koen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1−xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X‐Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light‐fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF‐CY) and the light‐sensitive monoclinic PbCr1−xSxO4 (x≈0.5; LS‐CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale‐yellow background and the bright‐yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50 % of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS‐CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes.
Shape‐Selective Zeolites Promote Ethylene Formation from Syngas via a Ketene Intermediate
Authors: Jiao Feng , Pan Xiulian , Gong Ke , Chen Yuxiang , Li Gen , Bao Xinhe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSyngas conversion by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is characterized by a wide distribution of hydrocarbon products ranging from one to a few carbon atoms. Reported here is that the product selectivity is effectively steered toward ethylene by employing the oxide‐zeolite (OX‐ZEO) catalyst concept with ZnCrOx‐mordenite (MOR). The selectivity of ethylene alone reaches as high as 73 % among other hydrocarbons at a 26 % CO conversion. This selectivity is significantly higher than those obtained in any other direct syngas conversion or the multistep process methanol‐to‐olefin conversion. This highly selective pathway is realized over the catalytic sites within the 8‐membered ring (8MR) side pockets of MOR via a ketene intermediate rather than methanol in the 8MR or 12MR channels. This study provides substantive evidence for a new type of syngas chemistry with ketene as the key reaction intermediate and enables extraordinary ethylene selectivity within the OX‐ZEO catalyst framework.
The Site‐Assembly Determines Catalytic Activity of Nanoparticles
Authors: Jørgensen Mikkel , Grönbeck Henrik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts are often designed as metal nanoparticles supported on oxide surfaces. Here, the relation between particle morphology and reaction kinetics is investigated by scaling relation kinetic Monte Carlo simulations using CO oxidation over Pt nanoparticles as a model reaction. We find that different particle morphologies result in vastly different catalytic activities. The activity is strongly affected by kinetic couplings between sites, and a wide site distribution generally enhances the activity. The present study highlights the role of site‐assemblies as a concept that, in addition to isolated active sites, can be used to understand catalytic reactions over nanoparticles.
SrB5O7F3 Functionalized with [B5O9F3]6− Chromophores: Accelerating the Rational Design of Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Mutailipu Miriding , Zhang Min , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Liying , Yang Zhihua , Zhou Xin , Pan Shilie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFluorooxoborates, benefiting from the large optical band gap, high anisotropy, and ever‐greater possibility to form non‐centrosymmetric structures activated by the large polarization of [BOxF4−x](x+1)− building blocks, have been considered as the new fertile fields for searching the ultraviolet (UV) and deep‐UV nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, we report the first asymmetric alkaline‐earth metal fluorooxoborate SrB5O7F3, which is rationally designed by taking the classic Sr2Be2B2O7 (SBBO) as a maternal structure. Its [B5O9F3]6− fundamental building block with near‐planar configuration composed by two edge‐sharing [B3O6F2]5− rings in SrB5O7F3 has not been reported in any other borates. Solid state 19F and 11B magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy verifies the presence of covalent B−F bonds in SrB5O7F3. Property characterizations reveal that SrB5O7F3 possesses the optical properties required for deep‐UV NLO applications, which make SrB5O7F3 a promising crystal that could produce deep‐UV coherent light by the direct SHG process.
The effect of functional carbon nanotubes on the permeability of ultrafiltration nanocomposite PVDF membranes
Authors: Mofakhami Mehrabadi Mehran , Aghaei Alireza , Sahba Yaghmaee Maziar , Karimnezhad Masoud , Kamari Mosayyeb 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFlux and antifouling performance of poly(vinylidnene fluoride) (PVDF) (15wt%.) nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane with different functional carbon nanotubes (–COOH, –OH, –NH2) are considered. Membranes are prepared with phase‐inversion method using n‐methylpyrrolidone as solvent. This is the first time that hydrophilicity of different nanocomposite membranes are changing gradually, as performance of nanocomposite membrane are considered. Gradually changing of hydrophilicity explains behavior and performance of nanocomposite membrane. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of PVDF membrane with different functional multiwall carbon nanotube (FMWCNT) showed that all prepared membranes are asymmetric structure with a compact top layer and a bottom layer with large pore channels. All modified nanocomposite membranes show better hydrophilicity surface in compared with pristine PVDF membrane (87°). Results of pure water flux are approved by the result of contact angle and porosity. Measurement flux membranes with optimized percent FMWCNT is increased more than twofold compared to pristine membrane (146 L·m−2·hr−1). Atomic force microscopic also revealed that modified membranes have smaller roughness in compared with neat membrane (Sa = 270 nm). Flux recovery ratio analysis for all membranes is increased more than pure membrane (39%) because of better hydrophobicity and decrease of roughness. This subject is shown that FMWCNTs have no detrimental effect on mechanical resistance in modified membranes.