bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach
Authors: Li Xi‐Jie , Wu Ming‐Fei , Ma Jian , Gao Bo‐Ya , Wu Qiu‐Lin , Chen Ai‐Dong , Liu Jie , Jiang Yu‐Ying , Zhai Bao‐Ping , Early Regan , Chapman Jason W , Hu Gao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest from the Americas, is rapidly spreading through the Old World, and has recently invaded the Indochinese Peninsula and southern China. In the Americas, FAW migrates from winter‐breeding areas in the south into summer‐breeding areas throughout North America where it is a major pest of corn. Asian populations are also likely to evolve migrations into the corn‐producing regions of eastern China, where they will pose a serious threat to food security.RESULTSTo evaluate the invasion risk in eastern China, the rate of expansion and future migratory range was modelled by a trajectory simulation approach, combined with flight behavior and meteorological data. Our results predict that FAW will migrate from its new year‐round breeding regions into the two main corn‐producing regions of eastern China (Huang‐Huai‐Hai Summer Corn and Northeast Spring Corn Regions), via two pathways. The western pathway originates in Myanmar and Yunnan, and FAW will take four migration steps (i.e. four generations) to reach the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Region by July. Migration along the eastern pathway from Indochina and southern China progresses faster, with FAW reaching the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Region in three steps by June and reaching the Northeast Spring Region in July.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that there is a high risk that FAW will invade the major corn‐producing areas of eastern China via two migration pathways, and cause significant impacts to agricultural productivity. Information on migration pathways and timings can be used to inform integrated pest management strategies for this emerging pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvements to the Escalation with Overdose Control design and a comparison with the restricted Continual Reassessment Method
Authors: Ji Lingyun , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Krailo Mark , Groshen Susan , Conti David V. , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Sposto Richard 
Published: June 2019

The Escalation with Overdose Control (EWOC) design for cancer dose finding clinical trials is a variation of the Continual Reassessment Method (CRM) that was proposed to overcome the limitation of the original CRM of exposing patients to high toxic doses. The properties of EWOC have been studied to some extent, but some aspects of the design are not well studied, and its performance is not fully understood. Comparisons of the EWOC design to the most commonly used modified CRM designs have not yet been performed, and the advantages of EWOC over the modified CRM designs are unclear.In this paper, we assess the properties of the EWOC design and of the restricted CRM and some variations of these designs. We show that EWOC has several weaknesses that CRM does not have that make it impractical to use in its original formulation. We propose modified EWOC designs that address some of the weaknesses and that have some desirable statistical properties compared with the original EWOC design, the restricted CRM design, and the 3 + 3 design. However, their statistical properties are sensitive to correct specification of the prior distribution of their parameters and hence nevertheless will need to be used with some caution. The restricted CRM design is shown to have more stable performance across a wider family of dose‐toxicity curves than EWOC and therefore may be a preferable general choice in cancer clinical research.
Cloud physics from space
Authors: Stephens Graeme L. , Christensen Matthew , Andrews Timothy , Haywood James , Malavelle Florent F. , Suzuki Kentaroh , Jing Xianwen , Lebsock Mathew , Li Jui‐Lin F. , Takahashi Hanii , Sy Ousmane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA review of the progression of cloud physics from a subdiscipline of meteorology into the global science it is today is described. The discussion briefly touches on the important post‐war contributions of three key individuals who were instrumental in developing cloud physics into a global science. These contributions came on the heels of the post‐war weather modification efforts that influenced much of the early development of cloud physics. The review is centred on the properties of warm clouds primarily to limit the scope of the article and the connection between the early contributions to cloud physics and the current vexing problem of aerosol effects on cloud albedo is underlined. Progress toward estimating cloud properties from space and insights on warm cloud processes are described. Measurements of selected cloud properties, such as cloud liquid water path are now mature enough that multi‐decadal time series of these properties exist and this climatology is used to compare to analogous low‐cloud properties taken from global climate models. The too‐wet (and thus too bright) and the too‐dreary biases of models are called out underscoring the challenges we still face in representing warm clouds in Earth system models. We also provide strategies for using observations to constrain the indirect radiative forcing of the climate system.
Reliability inference for VGA adapter from dual suppliers based on contaminated type‐I interval‐censored data
Authors: Tsai Tzong‐Ru , Ng Hon Keung Tony , Pham Hoang , Lio Yuhlong , Chiang Jyun‐You 
Published: June 2019

AbstractType‐I interval‐censoring scheme only documents the number of failed units within two prespecified consecutive exam times at the larger time point after putting all units on test at the initial time schedule. It is challenging to use the collected information from type‐I interval‐censoring scheme to evaluate the reliability of unit when not all admitted units are operated or tested at the same initial time and a majority of units are randomly selected to replace the failed test units at unrecorded time points. Moreover, the lifetime distribution of all pooled units from dual resources usually follows a mixture distribution. To overcome these two problems, a two‐stage inference process that consists of a data‐cleaning step and a parameter estimation step via either Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm or profile likelihood method is proposed based on the contaminated type‐I interval‐censored sample from a mixture distribution with unknown proportion. An extensive simulation study is conducted under the mixture smallest extreme value distributions to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for a case study. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to the mixture lifetime distribution modeling of video graphics array adapters for the support of reliability decision.
Estimating person parameters via item response model and simple sum score in small samples with few polytomous items: A simulation study
Authors: Schwall Philipp , Meesters Christian , Hardt Jochen 
Published: June 2019

Background: The Item Response Theory (IRT) is becoming increasingly popular for item analysis. Theoretical considerations and simulation studies suggest that parameter estimates will become precise only by utilizing many items in large samples.Method: A simulation study focusing on a single scale was performed on data with (a) n = 40, 60, 80, 120, 200, 300, 500, and 900 cases utilizing (b) 4, 8, 16, or 32 items. The items were (c) symmetrically distributed vs. skew (skewness 0, 1, and 2). Item loadings were (d) homogeneous vs. heterogeneous. Item loadings were (e) low vs. high. Half of the items had (f) a correlated error or not. The number of answering categories (g) was four vs. five. A total of 10% of each item had missing values. The ability‐estimates from the IRT model and the simple sum score served as criteria for evaluating the results.Results: The ability‐estimate from the IRT model outperformed the sum score when there were many items, skewed distributed items, and the item loadings were heterogeneous and high. The sum score outperformed the ability‐estimate when there were few items, nonskewed items, and homogeneous and low item loadings. However, convergence rates were partly low in small samples. Correlated errors affected, both negatively, the ability‐estimate and the sum score.Conclusion: With skew item distributions and heterogeneous item loadings, utilizing an IRT model is recommended. However, with few items, many cases are required, conversely, with few cases many items. With few items and few cases, the sum score performs better.
Recent Developments in Fluorometric and Colorimetric Chemodosimeters Targeted towards Hydrazine Sensing: Present Success and Future Possibilities
Authors: Manna Saikat Kumar , Gangopadhyay Ankita , Maiti Kalipada , Mondal Sanchita , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, the design, synthesis and development of chemodosimeters for hydrazine with high selectivity and sensitivity has attracted tremendous attention due to its major contributions to human health and disease including applications in various platforms. In this review, we recapitulate different strategies for the design of reaction‐based colorimetric and fluorometric probes for the detection of hydrazine and their applications in hydrazine sensing in living systems. The sensing strategies for hydrazine have been divided into six categories: (a) cleavage of the acetoxy group; (b) the nucleophilic addition‐elimination on keto ester; (c) the nucleophilic substitution‐elimination to tandem cyclization on halo‐ester; (d) the nucleophilic addition reaction to phthalimide derivative to phthalhydrazide; (e) the chemical displacement of active methylene compound to hydrazone derivative and (f) Other different approaches. Additionally, a variety of techniques have been devised here for the detection of hydrazine over other comparable ions and neutral amines.
Canonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Neovascularization Through Determination of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Fate via Metabolic Profile Regulation
Authors: Shao Yan , Chen Jianglei , Freeman Willard , Dong Li-Jie , Zhang Zhi-Hui , Xu Manhong , Qiu Fangfang , Du Yanhong , Liu Juping , Li Xiao-Rong , Ma Jian-Xing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to blood vessel formation. Canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and EPC fate regulation. However, the mechanism for Wnt signaling to regulate EPC fate in neovascularization (NV) has not been clearly defined. Here, we showed that very low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Vldlr−/−) mice, a model of ocular NV induced by Wnt signaling overactivation, have increased EPC numbers in the bone marrow, blood, and retina, as well as an elevated mitochondrial membrane potential indicating higher mitochondrial function of EPCs in the circulation. Isolated EPCs from Vldlr−/− mice showed overactivated Wnt signaling, correlating with increased mitochondrial function, mass, and DNA copy numbers, compared with WT EPCs. Our results also demonstrated that Wnt signaling upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and function, while inhibiting glycolysis in EPCs, which further decreased EPC stemness and promoted EPCs to a more active state toward differentiation, which may contribute to pathologic vascular formation. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, inhibited Wnt signaling and mitochondrial function in EPCs and decreased EPC numbers in Vldlr−/−mice. It also decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species production in Vldlr−/− EPCs, which may be responsible for its therapeutic effect on diabetic retinopathy. These findings demonstrated that Wnt signaling regulates EPC fate through metabolism, suggesting potential application of the EPC metabolic profile as predictor and therapeutic target for neovascular diseases. Stem Cells 2019;37:1331–1343
On the value of a reliability‐based nonlinear finite element analysis approach in the assessment of concrete structures
Authors: Slobbe Arthur , Rózsás Árpád , Allaix Diego L. , Bigaj‐van Vliet Agnieszka 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explore the value of reliability‐based nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) over the currently available, standardized assessment methods. To our knowledge, no studies are available on this subject, and this paper provides a first insight into the value and reliability level of these assessment methods. The exploration is illustrated through three reinforced concrete structural members: a continuous girder, a continuous deep beam, and a high‐strength deep beam. The analysis is performed gradually: step by step advancing the approximation level of the mechanical and the probabilistic models. The added value of the reliability‐based NLFEA over the semi‐probabilistic Eurocode (EC) method is found to be on average 0.60. In other words: even if according to the semi‐probabilistic EC method the design action (Ed) is 60% higher than the design resistance (Rd), the compliance with the target reliability criterion can be demonstrated by a reliability‐based NLFEA. Furthermore, it is observed that the gain and its cause (i.e., more advanced mechanical or probabilistic models) are different for the three cases. Though this outcome is restricted to the analyzed cases and should be interpreted as an upper limit added value, it indicates that a more detailed physical representation of the problem and an explicit treatment of uncertainties may uncover substantial reserves compared with the currently available, standardized assessment methods. Hence, the reliability‐based NLFEA method offers a promising alternative in the assessment of existing structures, enabling to avoid expensive measures that might be needed based on simplified methods.
Learning curve for detection of pelvic parts of ureters by transvaginal sonography: feasibility study
Authors: Aas‐Eng M. K. , Salama M. , Sevelda U. , Ruesch C. , Nemeth Z. , Hudelist G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate how many examinations it takes to be able to identify the pelvic parts of the ureters on transvaginal sonography (TVS).MethodsThis was a prospective study including consecutive women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in a tertiary referral setting. Prior to commencement of the study, three trainees, with a focus on gynecological surgery and TVS but with no experience in identifying ureters, each observed an expert examiner performing 10 routine TVS examinations, including identification of both ureters. All were standardized gynecological TVS examinations, with visualization of the pelvic part of both ureters. Consecutive women were then examined, first by the expert, unobserved by the trainees, and then by one of the three trainees, in the presence of the expert. To ensure that identification of the pelvic parts of the ureters could be incorporated feasibly into routine gynecological TVS in a tertiary referral setting, a time limit of 150 s was set for successful identification of each ureter. A successful examination was defined by identifying both ureters within the time limit. The number of women examined by each trainee was determined by how quickly they achieved proficiency, which was evaluated using the learning curve cumulative summation (LC‐CUSUM) score.ResultsBetween January 2017 and June 2017, a total of 140 women were recruited for the study, with 135 patients being included in the final analysis. The three trainees were able to identify the right ureter after a maximum of 48 (range, 34–48) TVS examinations, and the left ureter after a maximum of 47 (range, 27–47) TVS examinations.ConclusionsSonographers and/or gynecologists who are familiar with gynecological TVS should be able to become proficient in identifying both ureters after 40–50 TVS examinations. Detection of the ureters is a feasible part of the TVS workup of patients attending a clinic in a tertiary referral center. © 2019 the Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Ultrasound assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction: reliability and development of an ultrasound‐based contraction scale
Authors: Nyhus M. Ø. , Oversand S. H. , Salvesen Ø. , Salvesen K. Å. , Mathew S. , Volløyhaug I. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine intra‐ and interrater reliability and agreement for ultrasound measurements of pelvic floor muscle contraction and to assess the correlation between ultrasound and vaginal palpation. We also aimed to develop an ultrasound scale for assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 195 women scheduled for stress urinary incontinence (n = 65) or prolapse (n = 65) surgery or who were primigravid (n = 65). Pelvic floor muscle contraction was assessed by vaginal palpation using the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) and by two‐ and three‐dimensional (2D/3D) transperineal ultrasound. Proportional change in 2D and 3D levator hiatal anteroposterior (AP) diameter and 3D levator hiatal area between rest and contraction were used as measures of pelvic floor muscle contraction. One rater repeated all ultrasound measurements on stored volumes, which were used for intrarater reliability and agreement analysis, and three independent raters analyzed 60 ultrasound volumes for interrater reliability and agreement analysis. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement using Bland–Altman analysis. Tomographic ultrasound was used to identify women with major levator injury. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rS) was used to assess the correlation between ultrasound measurements of pelvic floor muscle contraction and MOS score. The proportion of women allocated to each category of muscle contraction (absent, weak, moderate or strong) by palpation was used to determine the cut‐offs for the ultrasound scale.ResultsIntrarater ICC was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74–0.85) for proportional change in 2D levator hiatal AP diameter. Interrater ICC was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89) for proportional change in 2D AP diameter, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69–0.88) for proportional change in 3D AP diameter and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.56–0.83) for proportional change in hiatal area. The prevalence of major levator injury was 22.6%. The strength of correlation (rS) between ultrasound measurements and MOS score was 0.52 for 2D AP diameter, 0.62 for 3D AP diameter and 0.47 for hiatal area (P < 0.001 for all). On the ultrasound contraction scale, proportional change in 2D levator hiatal AP diameter of < 1% corresponds to absent, 2–14% to weak, 15–29% to normal and > 30% to strong contraction.ConclusionsUltrasound seems to be an objective and reliable method for evaluation of pelvic floor muscle contraction. Proportional change in 2D levator hiatal AP diameter had the highest ICC and moderate correlation with MOS score assessed by vaginal palpation, and we constructed an ultrasound scale for assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction based on this measure. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Rare autosomal trisomies: comparison of detection through cell‐free DNA analysis and direct chromosome preparation of chorionic villus samples
Authors: Benn P. , Malvestiti F. , Grimi B. , Maggi F. , Simoni G. , Grati F. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveDirect chromosome preparations of chorionic villus samples (CVS) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing both involve analysis of the trophoblastic cell lineage. The aim of this study was to compare the spectrum of rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) detected by these two approaches and assess the available information on their clinical significance.MethodsData from 10 reports on genome‐wide cfDNA testing were pooled to determine which chromosomes were most frequently involved in RAT‐positive cases, and pregnancy outcome information was reviewed. CVS information was obtained from an updated database of 76 102 consecutive CVS analyses performed over a period of 18 years at TOMA laboratory, in which trophoblastic and mesenchymal layers were analyzed and amniotic fluid cell analysis was recommended for RAT‐positive cases. Chromosomes involved and presence of confined placental mosaicism, true fetal mosaicism and uniparental disomy (UPD) for imprinted chromosomes were assessed. Also evaluated were the frequency and types of RATs in products of conception.ResultsRATs were present in 634 of 196 662 (0.32%) cfDNA samples and 237 of 57 539 (0.41%) CVS trophoblast samples (P < 0.01). The frequency of RATs varied over 8‐fold between the cfDNA reports. Confirmation of abnormality through amniocentesis was more likely when RATs were ascertained through cfDNA (14 of 151; 9.3%) than through CVS trophoblasts (seven of 237; 3.0%) (P < 0.01). In cfDNA‐ascertained cases, trisomies 15, 16 and 22, which are associated with fetal loss, were identified proportionately more often. Of 151 cases with RAT identified by cfDNA and outcome information available, 41.1% resulted in normal live birth; 27.2% in fetal loss; 7.3% had phenotypic abnormality detected through ultrasound or other follow‐up evaluation; 2.0% had a clinically significant UPD; and 14.6% had fetal growth restriction or low birth weight. All autosomes were involved in trisomies in products of conception; the most common RATs detected were trisomies 16, 22 and 15 with a frequency of > 9% each.ConclusionsAlthough there are strong parallels between RATs ascertained through cfDNA analysis and direct chromosome preparation of CVS, caution is needed in applying conclusions from CVS analysis to cfDNA testing, and vice versa. RATs identified through genome‐wide cfDNA tests have uncertain risks for fetal loss, growth restriction or fetal abnormality. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Subacute vessel wall imaging at 7-T MRI in post-thrombectomy stroke patients
Authors: Truong My , Markenroth Bloch Karin , Andersen Mads , Andsberg Gunnar , Töger Johannes , Wassélius Johan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Reports from 3-T vessel wall MRI imaging have shown contrast enhancement following thrombectomy for acute stroke, suggesting potential intimal damage. Comparisons have shown higher SNR and more lesions detected by vessel wall imaging when using 7 T compared with 3 T. The aim of this study was to investigate the vessel walls after stent retriever thrombectomy using high-resolution vessel wall imaging at 7 T.

Methods
Seven patients with acute stroke caused by occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery (T-occlusion), or proximal medial cerebral artery, and treated by stent retriever thrombectomy with complete recanalization were included and examined by 7-T MRI within 2 days. The MRI protocol included a high-resolution black blood sequence with prospective motion correction (iMOCO), acquired before and after contrast injection. Flow measurements were performed in the treated and untreated M1 segments.

Results
All subjects completed the MRI examination. Image quality was independently rated as excellent by two neuroradiologists for all cases, and the level of motion artifacts did not impair diagnostic quality, despite severe motion in some cases. Contrast enhancement correlated with the deployment location of the stent retrievers. Flow data showed complete restoration of flow after treatment.

Conclusion
Vessel wall imaging with prospective motion correction can be performed in patients following thrombectomy with excellent imaging quality at 7 T. We show that vessel wall contrast enhancement is the normal post-operative state and corresponds to the deployment location of the stent retriever.