bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Patient Preferences for Internal Fixation after a Distal Radius Fracture: A Qualitative Study from the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial
Authors: Nasser Jacob S. , Huetteman Helen E. , Shauver Melissa J. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Distal radius fracture treatments provide similar functional outcomes. It has been hypothesized that the use of internal fixation is increasing because of physician preferences. The multisite randomized Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial provides a unique opportunity to examine patient preferences in the absence of surgeon influence. The authors’ objective was to investigate patient preference for internal fixation even after being informed of the equipoise among treatments.

Methods:
The authors performed 30 semistructured interviews with older individuals, all older than 60 years, approached at their institution for the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial. The authors’ sample included three groups: those with a preference for internal fixation (n = 11), those with preference for nonsurgical treatment (n = 6), and those without a preference who consented to surgical randomization (n = 13). We used grounded theory for data collection and analysis.

Results:
All participants indicated their chief concern was regaining full function. Patients based their preferences for internal fixation on multiple values, including obstacles to recovery, autonomy, aesthetics, and pain relief. Some patients who did not select internal fixation reflected on their experiences, questioning whether they would have had a potentially different outcome with internal fixation treatment.

Conclusions:
Without evidence for a superior treatment, patients focus on factors that pertain to recovery rather than outcomes, with most preferring the volar locking plating system. To best align with patient values, physicians should focus their discussion with patients on aspects of the recovery period rather than functional outcomes. Evidence from the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial will provide high-level information about patient-reported, functional, and radiographic outcomes.
Lipomatosis of Nerve: More than a Focal Distal Disease
Authors: Wehrli Laurent , Saheb-Al-Zamani Maryam , Khanna Monica , Lax Matthew J. , Anastakis Dimitri J. 
Published: June 2018

Summary:
Lipomatosis of nerve is a rare, ill-defined, fibrofatty tumor intermingled among nerve fascicles. The classic presentation of lipomatosis of nerve describes focal distal involvement of the median nerve at the wrist. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of proximal lesion extension in cases of upper extremity lipomatosis of nerve using magnetic resonance imaging. The authors’ study confirms that lipomatosis of nerve is more than a focal distal disease. Lipomatosis of nerve has the potential for multiple nerve involvement and for proximal nerve involvement extending to the nerve roots. Magnetic resonance imaging of the entire upper extremity may be indicated in patients with lipomatosis of nerve, especially when the ulnar nerve is affected.
Reconstruction of Microtia Using a Single Expanded Postauricular Flap without Skin Grafting: Experience of 683 Cases
Authors: Xing Wenshan , Kang Chunyu , Wang Yue , Zhang Qingguo 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Auricular reconstruction of congenital microtia patients is a huge challenge for plastic surgeons worldwide. Current techniques usually use a retroauricular fascial flap with skin grafting, often proving to be color mismatched, complex, and with visible scarring. An uncomplicated strategy that results in minimal scarring and a good color match is still required, especially for Asian patients. In the present work, the authors developed a modified technique for auricular reconstruction using a single expanded flap combined with a cartilage framework.

Methods:
Auricular reconstruction was performed in three stages. In the first stage, an 80-ml kidney-shaped expander was inserted in the mastoid region. A gradual expansion period of approximately 2 to 3 months was implemented until the flap achieved an appropriate area, thickness, and softness. In the second stage, the expander was removed and a modified three-layer cartilage framework was inserted into the pocket through the same incision. In the third stage, the reconstructed ear underwent further refinements, including reconstruction of the earlobe and tragus.

Results:
From January of 2012 to January of 2017, 683 microtia patients (a total of 738 ears) were selected for auricular reconstruction using this technique. The patients were followed up for between 3 months and 2 years. Six hundred forty-two patients were satisfied with the final results regarding the size, shape, projection, symmetry, and clarity of outline. Surgery-related complications occurred in 20 patients.

Conclusion:
Auricular reconstruction using a single expanded flap combined with a modified three-layer cartilage framework is an effective and efficient technique for microtia reconstruction with satisfying medium-term results.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Collaboration Between Cancer Survivorship and Rehabilitation Programs With Head and Neck Patients
Authors: Kirschner Michelle , Sherlock Jill 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to present an example of collaboration between a cancer survivorship and cancer rehabilitation program at an academic-affiliated hospital.

Findings
The article demonstrates the process of identifying and treating the surgical and radiation effects experienced by a head and neck cancer survivor. The specific roles of the advanced practice nurse and the physical therapist in assessing, identifying and treating cancer treatment-effects such as lymphedema and orthopedic problems are highlighted.

Conclusion
The survivorship visit is an opportunity to identify treatment-related effects amenable to rehabilitation and to refer head and neck cancer survivors to physical therapy for further evaluation and treatment.

Clinical Implication
Collaboration between nurses and physical therapists engaged in survivorship care can provide an effective and efficient pathway to improved functional outcomes for cancer survivors.
Risk Factors for Falls in Adult Cancer Survivors: An Integrative Review
Authors: Campbell Grace , Wolfe Rachel A. , Klem Mary Lou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to identify risk factors for falls among cancer survivors.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PEDro for studies investigating fall risk in cancer. Reports of randomized controlled trials, descriptive studies (quantitative and qualitative), and theoretical papers meeting predetermined criteria were included. Quality ratings of included studies were done, and data were extracted and compiled by two independent reviewers.FindingsTwenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria. Literature quality was moderate (median quality score: 1.67 out of 3 possible points). Heterogeneity of statistics and reporting methods precluded calculation of summary effect sizes, but physical function, cognitive function, balance/gait, and certain medication types appear to increase fall risk.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceModifiable risk factors, such as those identified in this review, represent tangible intervention targets for rehabilitation professionals for decreasing the risk of falls among cancer survivors.
Host dietary specialization and neutral assembly shape gut bacterial communities of wild dragonflies
Authors: Deb Rittik , Nair Ashwin , Agashe Deepa 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTHost-associated gut microbial communities can have large impacts on host ecology and evolution, and are typically shaped by host taxonomy and diet. Different host species often harbor distinct microbial communities, potentially because (1) host dietary specialization determines microbial colonization, (2) host-specific selection acts on diet-acquired microbiota, and (3) a combination of both processes. While the first possibility involves passive community structuring, the other two may arise from a functional association and should produce stable microbial communities. However, these alternatives have rarely been tested in wild host populations. We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the gut bacterial communities of six dragonfly species collected across multiple seasons and locations. We found that variation in bacterial community composition was predominantly explained by sampling season and location, and secondarily by host species. To distinguish the role of host dietary specialization and host-imposed selection, we used insect-specific primers to identify prey in the gut contents of three focal dragonfly species. We found that these dragonflies – considered to be generalist predators – consumed distinct prey, with seasonal diet variation. Together, the patterns of host dietary specialization and spatial and temporal variation suggest a strong role of passive processes in shaping the gut bacterial community. Indeed, the abundance and distribution of ~76% of the bacterial community members were consistent with neutral community assembly. Our results contradict the pervasive expectation that host-imposed selection shapes gut microbial communities, and highlight the importance of joint analyses of variation in host diet and gut microbial communities of natural host populations.
A Scalable, Multiplexed Assay for Decoding Receptor-Ligand Interactions
Authors: Jones Eric M. , Jajoo Rishi , Cancilla Daniel , Lubock Nathan B. , Wang Jeff , Satyadi Megan , Cheung Rocky , de March Claire , Matsunami Hiroaki , Kosuri Sriram 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChemicals such as drugs, hormones, and odorants can have many potential interactions with endogenous targets, and uncovering these relationships is critical for understanding and modulating function. Mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs), a large family of G protein-coupled receptors, mediate olfaction through activation by small molecules. Each OR can respond to many odorants, and vice versa, making exploring this space one interaction at a time difficult. We developed a high-throughput receptor screening platform in human cell lines to screen libraries of chemicals against a multiplexed library of receptors using next-generation sequencing of barcoded genetic reporters. We screened three concentrations of 181 odorants, where in each well we record the activity of 39 ORs simultaneously, and identified 79 novel associations, including ligands for 15 orphan receptors. This platform allows the cost-effective mapping of large chemical libraries to receptor repertoires at scale.
Design of the composite casing of microstrip antenna for the aerospace satellite
Authors: Lach Artur , Katunin Andrzej , Gnatowski Adam 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to present a design and numerical verification procedure of a composite casing of a microstrip antenna for an aerospace satellite.

Design/methodology/approach
The casing for the microstrip antenna was designed in a form of a laminate shell with variable number of layers of reinforcing fabric. The material properties, both static and dynamic, were determined experimentally and then exported to an environment of numerical analyses. The numerical modal analysis allows optimizing the geometry and lay-up of the casing in such a way that a number of modal shapes occurring in the operational frequency band was significantly reduced, several modal shapes with high displacement in flanges of the casing were eliminated and the values of natural frequencies were increased. A final model of the composite casing was subjected to two types of analyses which simulate typical operation conditions during spacecraft mission. These analyses contained thermomechanical quasi-static analyses with 12 loadcases and thermomechanical shock analyses with 9 loadcases, which simulate various mechanical and temperature conditions.

Findings
Results of the performed analyses were compared with safety margins determined by following requirements to spacecraft vehicles. The obtained results confirm the design feasibility, which allow considering the proposed design during manufacturing of a prototype in further studies.

Practical implications
Moreover, the presented results can be considered as a design methodology guideline, which can be helpful for engineers working in the aerospace industry.

Originality/value
The originality of the paper lies in the proposed design and verification procedure of composite elements subjected to operational loading during a spacecraft mission.
A grey-based assessment approach to the site selection of a desalination plant in Libya
Authors: Badi Ibrahim A. , Abdulshahed Ali M. , Shetwan Ali , Ballem Mohamed Ali 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a site selection method using grey system theory for a desalination plant in Libya.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to tackle incompleteness and imprecision of human’s judgments, grey numbers were used. This work uses a grey-based approach to represent decision makers’ comparison judgments and extent analysis method to select the best site. Therefore, a real case study of a selection problem of a site selection of desalination plant in Libya was used to illustrate the proposed approach.

Findings
Site selection in a desalination plant can be one of the most important decisions in planning a desalination project. The decision affects both the project cost and potentially the project schedule. Based on the results of grey model, a clear order of these sites and the degree of preference are obtained. This paper presents a way to improve a site selection by using a grey model, especially in a complex environment like Libya.

Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the authors, there is no literature for site selection using grey system theory in a desalination plant in Libya. This attempt may well enhance and facilitate the decision-making process of the best site in the country involved in this research.
Identification of macroeconomic determinants for diversification and investment strategy for Islamic unit trust funds in Malaysia
Authors: Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah , Aziz Hasanuddeen Abdul , Kassim Salina 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of selected macroeconomic variables in influencing the movement of net asset value (NAV) of the Islamic unit trust funds (UTFs) in Malaysia. In efforts to arrive at more enriching findings, the UTFs are further categorised into equity, bond, balanced, fixed, mixed, money market and feeder funds.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the vector autoregression framework (Johansen and Juselius (1990), cointegration test and vector error correction model to analyse the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and the NAVs of the various type of funds.FindingsThe study shows that there is a significant long-run equilibrium relationship between the macroeconomic variables and the NAV of all Islamic UTFs in Malaysia. Despite of this, the findings show that different funds have different responses to the movements of the macroeconomic variables.Practical implicationsThe results of the study are of significant importance to the various stakeholders in the Islamic UTF industry. Investors benefit in terms of getting the inputs on their investment decisions as to whether to buy, hold or sell fund units within their investment portfolio in the long run, along with building their optimal portfolio diversification investment strategy, especially in reallocating their assets distribution between the various types of funds in the UTFs industry. For the policy-makers, the findings of the study may assist them in evaluating the suitability of the existing economic policies as to whether they positively or negatively contribute to the development of the Islamic UTFs.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils the need to understand how unit-holders can strategise and diversify their portfolio investments in the Malaysian Islamic UTFs industry based on detailed understanding and knowledge derived from rational and scientific inputs.
Job characteristics affect shared leadership
Authors: Hans Swati , Gupta Ritu 
Published: June 2018

PurposeShared leadership is characterized by exercising lateral leadership influence depending upon the task and the adroitness required for the task. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of job characteristics on shared leadership and explore the moderating effects of perceived self-efficacy, and psychological safety on the relationship between job characteristics and shared leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied hierarchical regression and social network analysis using a sample of 23 teams consisting 219 employees from an Indian-based multinational BPO.FindingsResults indicate that skill variety, task significance, autonomy and feedback are significant precursors for shared leadership, and psychological safety and perceived self-efficacy act as moderators.Research limitations/implicationsThe study extends the literature associated with job characteristics in relation to shared leadership. Managers can encourage shared leadership using job design and by creating a psychologically safe environment to enhance performance of the team. The cross-sectional nature of the study and data from a single organization question the generalizability of the results.Originality/valueThe authors provide an initial understanding of the impact of job characteristics in a team for the development of shared leadership, which has not been studied so far. Also, psychological safety and self-efficacy of individuals in teams have not been explored in the past, moderating the job characteristics and shared leadership relationship.
The role of online freelance stock analysts in correcting overly pessimistic market sentiment
Authors: Kim Myungsun , Kim Robert , Oh Onook , Rao H. Raghav 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of online freelance stock analysts in correcting mispricing of hard-to-value firms during sentiment-driven market periods.Design/methodology/approachThe sample covers 23,758 Seeking Alpha articles obtained for the period between January 2005 and September 2011. The authors use OLS regressions to test the stock market reaction around Seeking Alpha analysts’ reports. The information in online analysts’ reports is measured by the tone of stock articles posted in SeekingAlpha.com (SA).FindingsThe analysis reveals that the degree of negative tone of their stock articles is related to three-day stock returns around the article posting dates. It further reveals that the relation between these returns and prevailing market sentiment depends on firm-specific susceptibility to the market sentiment. The three-day stock returns are higher during low market sentiment periods for firms that are more susceptible to the market sentiment, hence, harder to value. The tone of the stock articles during low sentiment periods also predicts the news in the forthcoming earnings.Practical implicationsThe findings help stock investors identify value-relevant information provided by online freelance stock analysts, particularly for hard-to-value stocks and during the low market sentiment period.Originality/valueThis study utilizes a unique dataset obtained from SA. This is the first paper to examine whether online analysts help investors correct potential undervaluation of hard-to-value firms during the low market sentiment period.
Smaller hippocampal volume following sexual assault in women is associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Quidé Y. , Andersson F. , Dufour‐Rainfray D. , Descriaud C. , Brizard B. , Gissot V. , Cléry H. , Carrey Le Bas M‐P. , Osterreicher S. , Ogielska M. , Saint‐Martin P. , El‐Hage W. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveExposure to sexual assault is a significant risk factor to develop post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in females. The early neurobiological changes leading to the development of PTSD remain understudied and unclear in this population.MethodsParticipants were 27 adult females recruited within a month following exposure to sexual assault (T1) and 20 age‐matched non‐exposed controls. Among the victims, 10 participants met (PTSD+) and 15 did not meet (PTSD−) DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD 6 months post‐trauma (T2). At both visits, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging scans, and indices of total diurnal cortisol changes were derived from individual areas under the curve relative to the ground (AUCg). Measures at T1 were compared between groups at T1, measures at T2 between groups at T2, and measures at T1 between groups at T2.ResultsAt T1, victims had significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal volumes, but not AUCg, than controls. At T2, neither hippocampal volume nor AUCg significantly differed among the groups. However, the PTSD+ group had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes at T1 than the control group, but not compared to the PTSD− group.ConclusionsThis study indicates that having smaller hippocampal volumes is a risk factor to develop PTSD in females exposed to sexual assault.
Relative bioavailability of bedaquiline tablets suspended in water: Implications for dosing in children
Authors: Svensson Elin M. , du Bois Jeannine , Kitshoff Rene , de Jager Veronique R. , Wiesner Lubbe , Norman Jennifer , Nachman Sharon , Smith Betsy , Diacon Andreas H. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Garcia‐Prats Anthony J. 
Published: June 2018

AimsBedaquiline is an important novel drug for treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, but no paediatric formulation is yet available. This work aimed to explore the possibility of using the existing tablet formulation in children by evaluating the relative bioavailability, short‐term safety, acceptability and palatability of suspended bedaquiline tablets compared to whole tablets.MethodsA randomized, open‐label, two‐period cross‐over study was conducted in 24 healthy adult volunteers. Rich pharmacokinetic sampling over 48 h was conducted at two occasions 14 days apart in each participant after administration of 400 mg bedaquiline (whole or suspended in water). The pharmacokinetic data were analysed with nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling. A questionnaire was used to assess palatability and acceptability.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the bioavailability of the suspended bedaquiline tables compared to whole. The nonparametric 95% confidence interval of the relative bioavailability of suspended bedaquiline tablets was 94–108% of that of whole bedaquiline tablets; hence, the predefined bioequivalence criteria were fulfilled. There were no Grade 3 or 4 or serious treatment emergent adverse events recorded in the study and no apparent differences between whole tablets and suspension regarding taste, texture or smell.ConclusionsThe bioavailability of bedaquiline tablets suspended in water was the same as for tablets swallowed whole and the suspension was well tolerated. This suggests that the currently available bedaquiline formulation could be used to treat multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis in children, to bridge the gap between when paediatric dosing regimens have been established and when a paediatric dispersible formulation is routinely available.