bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie und Knochendichte – eine Querschnittsuntersuchung mit Männern 72 Jahre + mit Sarkopenie
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Straub Regina , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel der Untersuchung war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie und Osteoporose bei älteren Männern zu erfassen.Selbstständig lebende Männer, 72 Jahre + mit einer morphometrischen Sarkopenie (n = 78), wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse wurde insb. der Erklärungsbeitrag der Sarkopeniekriterien wie „Handkraft“, „Gehgeschwindigkeit“ und „skelettaler Muskelmassenindex“ auf die Knochendichte (BMD) an LWS und Hüfte (tHip) untersucht. Daneben wurden Unterschiede für die BMD zwischen Sarkopenie und Prä-Sarkopenie evaluiert.In der Analyse wurden geringe aber signifikante Erklärungsbeiträge der Größen „fettfreie Masse“ (r2 = .06, p = .001) und „Körperfettanteil“ (r2 = .04, p = .011) auf die BMD-tHip erfasst. Als finaler Parameter der Regressionsanalyse für die BMD-LWS verblieb die Gehgeschwindigkeit, die allerdings keinen relevanten Erklärungsbeitrag (r2 = .03, p = .113) liefert. Unterschiede für die BMD an LWS und Hüfte zwischen Männern mit Sarkopenie vs. Prä-Sarkopenie wurden nicht erfasst (p ≥ .95).Für selbstständig lebende Männer 72 Jahre + mit morphometrischer (Prä-Sarkopenie) oder morphometrisch-funktioneller Sarkopenie scheint kein erhöhtes Osteoporose-Risiko zu bestehen.
Klimawandel in der thorakalen Onkologie
Authors: Schumann C. , Reinmuth N. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben sich die Diagnose und die medizinische Behandlung von Lungenkarzinompatienten erheblich gewandelt. Auch wenn die Mehrzahl der Patienten weiterhin nicht von der Erkrankung geheilt wird, so können durch verschiedene, klug abgestimmte Therapieansätze eine deutlich längere Krankheitskontrolle und stark verlängerte Überlebenszeiten als noch vor wenigen Jahren erreicht werden. Diese Entwicklung ist nicht nur durch medizinische, sondern auch zahlreiche politische und organisatorische Aspekte charakterisiert. Diese verschiedenen Ebenen, die klinischen Konsequenzen und die resultierenden Herausforderungen werden im Folgenden kurz skizziert.
An activatable PET imaging radioprobe is a dynamic reporter of myeloperoxidase activity in vivo
Authors: Wang Cuihua , Keliher Edmund , Zeller Matthias W. G. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Aguirre Aaron D. , Buckbinder Leonard , Kim Hye-Yeong , Chen Jianqing , Maresca Kevin , Ahmed Maaz S. , Motlagh Negin Jalali , Nahrendorf Matthias , Chen John W. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The innate immune response mediates tissue damage in many diseases, but available clinical imaging technologies do not distinguish between damaging and beneficial immune responses. We developed and validated a positron emission tomography radioprobe to noninvasively report on the activity of the damaging enzyme myeloperoxidase secreted by proinflammatory innate immune cells. The high sensitivity and specificity of the radioprobe enable the detection of damaging inflammation at an earlier stage than currently possible. Such early detection could lead to early treatment before irreversible damage occurs. With its properties characterized and synthesis automated, this radioprobe is a promising imaging biomarker ready for translation to track many diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and rheumatological diseases.
A scarcity mindset alters neural processing underlying consumer decision making
Authors: Huijsmans Inge , Ma Ili , Micheli Leticia , Civai Claudia , Stallen Mirre , Sanfey Alan G. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
How poverty impacts decision making is a vitally important societal question. Recent influential theories proposed that altered decision making by the poor might be explained by a “scarcity” mindset. Here, we created an experimental manipulation which allowed us to investigate how consumer decisions and their neural processes are affected by scarcity, while circumventing potential confounds associated with comparing individuals with high and low income. Neuroimaging results suggest that a scarcity mindset affects neural mechanisms underlying goal-directed decision making, and that the effects of scarcity are largest when they are compared with previous situations when resources were abundant. The current findings contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which limited resources affect decision making.
Reverse engineering field-derived vertical distribution profiles to infer larval swimming behaviors
Authors: James M. K. , Polton J. A. , Brereton A. R. , Howell K. L. , Nimmo-Smith W. A. M. , Knights A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Estimating the dispersal of propagules in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems has been of primary research interest for many years, yet efforts to accurately predict dispersal, especially in marine ecosystems, have remained a significant and unresolved challenge. A common approach is to use a biophysical model, but field studies and genetic tools reveal that these models can overestimate dispersal range, often attributed to inaccurate behavioral parameterization. This study reverse engineers a biophysical model in an effort to describe larval behavior. The approach demonstrated, which can be applied to any species with a larval phase, provides a method for assessing in situ larval behavior that negates the need for a mechanistic understanding of behavioral responses to cues.
Resistance to change. The problem of high non-take up in implementing policy innovations in the Italian long-term care system
Authors: Ranci Costanzo , Arlotti Marco 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article illustrates how the implementation of ‘interstitial’ innovation in welfare policy can be hampered by resistance to change on the part of its intended beneficiaries by means of a case study of a policy innovation in long-term care in Italy: the Home Care Premium (HCP) programme. In a policy area characterised by long-standing institutional inertia, HCP represents an innovative programme which provides a generous, conditional cash-for-care benefit to encourage the regular employment of in-house care assistants. However, the implementation of the scheme was hampered by high non-take up (NTU) rates, i.e. the percentage of beneficiaries who did not claim the cash-for-care benefit for which they were eligible.The article uses a ‘mixed method’ approach to show how high NTU rates can be explained by individually ‘situated’ decisions taken by the intended beneficiaries based on cost-benefit evaluations that are deeply rooted in social attitudes and adaptive practices shaped by the existing institutional context. The study also shows how the policy design of the programme partially failed to manage the institutional complementarity of different welfare programs effectively, thus weakening the capacity of this ‘interstitial’ policy to bring about policy innovation. The results of the case study may therefore be of interest to scholars interested in policy change and the role played by beneficiaries in policy implementation.Abbreviations: non-take up (NTU); long-term care (LTC)
Placental extracellular vesicles express active dipeptidyl peptidase IV; levels are increased in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kandzija Neva , Zhang Wei , Motta‐Mejia Carolina , Mhlomi Vuyane , McGowan‐Downey Jennifer , James Tim , Cerdeira Ana Sofia , Tannetta Dionne , Sargent Ian , Redman Christopher W. , Bastie Claire C. , Vatish Manu 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy and is characterized by insulin resistance and decreased circulating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). GDM resolves rapidly after delivery implicating the placenta in the disease. This study examines the biological functions that cause this pathology. The placenta releases syncytiotrophoblast‐derived extracellular vesicles (STB‐EVs) into the maternal circulation, which is enhanced in GDM. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is known to play a role in type 2 diabetes by breaking down GLP‐1, which in turn regulates glucose‐dependent insulin secretion. STB‐EVs from control and GDM women were analysed. We show that normal human placenta releases DPPIV‐positive STB‐EVs and that they are higher in uterine than paired peripheral blood, confirming placental origin. DPPIV‐bound STB‐EVs from normal perfused placentae are dose dependently inhibited with vildagliptin. DPPIV‐bound STB‐EVs from perfused placentae are able to breakdown GLP‐1 in vitro. STB‐EVs from GDM perfused placentae show greater DPPIV activity. Importantly, DPPIV‐bound STB‐EVs increase eightfold in the circulation of women with GDM. This is the first report of STB‐EVs carrying a biologically active molecule that has the potential to regulate maternal insulin secretion.
Deterministic multi-mode nonlinear coupling for quantum circuits
Authors: Sefi Seckin , Marek Petr , Filip Radim 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a general technique for deterministically implementing a multi-mode nonlinear coupling between several propagating microwave or optical modes in quantum circuits. The measurement induced technique combines specifically prepared resource states together with feasible feed-forward operations. We explore several ways of generating the suitable resource states and discuss their difference on an illustrative example of cubic coupling between two modes. We also show that the required entangled states with requisite nonlinear properties can be already generated in the present day experiments.
Level attraction and level repulsion of magnon coupled with a cavity anti-resonance
Authors: Rao J W , Yu C H , Zhao Y T , Gui Y S , Fan X L , Xue D S , Hu C-M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report on coherent and dissipative coupling between a magnon mode and an anti-resonance of transmission in a cylindrical microwave cavity. By effectively suppressing coherent coupling, we observe the hybridized dispersion to change from level repulsion to level attraction. A careful examination reveals distinct differences in the line shape and phase evolution of transmission spectra between these coupling behaviors. For a quantitative understanding of the interactions between the magnon mode and the cavity anti-resonance, we develop a model which precisely describes our experimental observations, particularly, the signature in the line shape and phase of the microwave transmission. Our work sets a foundation for understanding strong coupling between magnon modes and cavity anti-resonances. In addition, it also confirms the ubiquity of level attraction in coupled magnon-photon systems, which may be helpful to develop future magnon-based hybrid quantum systems.
Biochemical Szilard engines for memory-limited inference
Authors: Brittain Rory A , Jones Nick S , Ouldridge Thomas E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
By designing and leveraging an explicit molecular realisation of a measurement-and-feedback-powered Szilard engine, we investigate the extraction of work from complex environments by minimal machines with finite capacity for memory and decision-making. Living systems perform inference to exploit complex structure, or correlations, in their environment, but the physical limits and underlying cost/benefit trade-offs involved in doing so remain unclear. To probe these questions, we consider a minimal model for a structured environment—a correlated sequence of molecules—and explore mechanisms based on extended Szilard engines for extracting the work stored in these non-equilibrium correlations. We consider systems limited to a single bit of memory making binary ‘choices’ at each step. We demonstrate that increasingly complex environments allow increasingly sophisticated inference strategies to extract more free energy than simpler alternatives, and argue that optimal design of such machines should also consider the free energy reserves required to ensure robustness against fluctuations due to mistakes.
A New Class of All-Inorganic Perovskite Microplate for Lasing
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Zhengzheng , Leng Yuxin , Hu Zhiping , Tang Xiaosheng , Zhou Miao , Kobayashi Takayoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report a stable low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission performance from a new type of all-inorganic perovskite CsPb2Br5 microplate with superior crystallization, enhanced stability, and tunability under both one- and two-photon excitation for the first time.
Dynamics analysis of nanoparticles optically driven by a Laguerre-Gaussian beam with optical spin
Authors: Tamura Mamoru , Omatsu Takashige , Iida Takuya 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We theoretically discover that the spin angular momentum (SAM) enables to modulate the orbital torque through the inter-particle light-induced force (IP-LIF). Laguerre - Gaussian beam with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) can induce the orbital motion for the optically trapped objects. In addition, the SAM can also accelerate or decelerate the orbital motion due to the IP-LIF. Our discovery provides a new physical aspect, i.e. the IP-LIF plays an important role in the many-body dynamics of nanoparticles via the SAM-OAM coupling.
Photocarrier injection by two-photon excitation in rubrene single crystal
Authors: Goto K , Takayama T , Ohata K , Matsushita K , Akimoto I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We performed photocarrier injection by two-photon excitation in rubrene crystal using laser pulses of nanosecond-duration at various wavelengths under an external electric field. Based on the excitation spectra, it is revealed that photocarriers are injected at excitation energies corresponding to the intrinsic absorption by two-photon process, in contrast to the midgap-states-mediated injection by one-photon process. This result means that the two-photon excitation method is useful to inject photocarriers free from the surface traps.
Excitation energy dependence for electron traps in CaTiO3:Pr, Al single crystals
Authors: Nanai Y , Igarashi A , Kamioka H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated the red afterglow process of CaTiO3:Pr, Al through photoluminescence and thermoluminescence measurements by using fabricated single crystals. The crystals with several cubic millimeter in size were obtained through a flux method. We found that the afterglow properties varied with the excitation energy. At room temperature, the red afterglow was observed for the charge transfer from Pr3+ to Ti4+ excitation and the direct excitation of Pr3+, while not observed for the interband excitation of CaTiO3 due to the relaxation process going through 4d15d1 state of Pr3+. For the direct excitation of Pr3+ at 80 K, the excited electrons did not reached to trap states for afterglow due to a potential barrier, which can overcome with thermal assistance at room temperature. For the charge transfer excitation at 80 K, the excited electrons could reach the traps with excess energy.
Electronic state of nitrogen in doped titanium dioxide
Authors: Funabiki H , Ozawa K , Sekiya T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A yellow N-doped TiO2 powder was prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium tetra-isopropoxide and hydrazine monohydrate. An EPR signal was induced by the irradiation of light with hv ≥ 2.2 eV to the yellow TiO2 powder and the signal intensity gradually decreased in the dark. The EPR signal was due to thermally trapped carriers interacting with the doped N. The thermal activation energy of the trapped carriers was estimated to be 0.22 eV. XPS measurement was performed on the yellow powder as well as colorless and blue N-doped powders obtained by oxidation and reduction, respectively. The N1s bands at 399.5 eV can be assigned to nitrogen adsorbed on the surface. The atomic valence of nitrogen in the colorless, yellow and blue powders was positive, neutral and negative, respectively. The atomic valence of nitrogen in doped TiO2 depends on the oxidation-reduction procedure.
Dynamics of the electric-field induced magnetization in antiferromagnetic chromium oxide observed by Faraday rotation
Authors: Hikita R , Taniguchi H , Shinkai T , Kohmoto T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We observed the dynamics of the electric-field induced magnetization in antiferromagnetic chromium oxide (Cr2O3) by the Faraday-rotation measurement using a continuous-wave probe light in the millisecond region and a pulse probe light in the nanosecond region. It was found that the Faraday-rotation amplitude linearly depends on the electric field, decreases with increasing temperature, and disappears above the Néel temperature. In the nanosecond region, nanosecond rise of the electric-field induced Faraday-rotation signal was observed.
Generation processes of superfluorescence of biexcitons in CuCl quantum dots by one- and two-photon resonant excitation
Authors: Kawamura K , Yoshida T , Nasu M , Ishihara J , Ishikawa A , Miyajima K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated the influence of excitation processes of a biexciton on the generation of superfluorescence, which is pulsed radiation from coherently coupled two-level systems, from biexcitons in CuCl quantum dots. Two excitation processes of biexcitons were examined: resonant two-photon excitation of biexcitons, and resonant one-photon excitation of excitons. The excitation density dependence of the time-resolved photoluminescence was measured. The results showed that for one-photon excitation, a stronger peak intensity, longer delay time and wider pulse width were observed compared to resonant two-photon excitation. The high density of the excited dots in the one-photon excitation process results in the strong pulse, while an initial population of excitons results in a suppression of coherent coupling.
Temperature-dependent carrier injection routes under optical excitation in high-purity diamond crystals
Authors: Hamabata S , Akimoto I , Naka N 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have investigated carrier injection routes in high-purity diamond crystals in a wide temperature range using the time-resolved cyclotron resonance method. By analysing the excitation spectra, we find that carriers are injected under optical excitation above the energy threshold for exciton generation with emission of a transverse acoustic phonon at 10 K and 80 K, whereas with absorption of a transverse optical phonon at 300 K. The excitation power dependence clearly shows that the carriers are generated by thermal dissociation of excitons at 300 K.
Preparation of ZnSe-ZnS alloy quantum dots by a hydrothermal method and their optical properties
Authors: Nishimura Hisaaki , Lin Yuxin , Kunimasa Yuki , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We prepared colloidal ZnSe
x
S1−x
alloy quantum dots (QDs) and investigated their optical properties. ZnSe
x
S1−x
QDs were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method, which was confirmed by the results of X-ray structural analysis. When the alloy composition was decreased from x = 1 to 0, the absorption energy continuously shifted to the high energy side. Band-edge photoluminescence (PL) was the main PL band in ZnSe QDs, whereas only defect - related PL band was observed in ZnS QDs. The band-edge PL was clearly observed as the main PL band for x = 0.52 to 1, which shifted to the high energy side by decreasing x.
Energy relaxation from STE to In+ centers in NaI:In+ crystals
Authors: Watanabe S , Kawai T , Mizoguchi K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The energy relaxation from host crystals to impurity centers has been investigated by measuring the absorption and excitation spectra and the temperature dependence of the luminescence spectrum of NaI:In+. In the absorption spectrum, the A, B, and C bands due to the In+ centers are confirmed at 3.8, 4.0, and 4.5 eV, respectively. The excitation spectrum for the AT luminescence due to the In+ centers responds to the energy position of the A, B, and C bands and also the energy region above the exciton transition of NaI. The fact suggests the existence of the energy relaxation from host crystals to the In+ centers. The total intensity of the AT and AX luminescence due to the In+ centers exhibits different temperature dependence between the excitations at the C band and host crystals. Under excitation at the C band, the total intensity of the AT and AX luminescence monotonously declines with increasing temperature from 10 to 300 K. On the other hand, under excitation at host crystals, the total intensity of the AT and AX luminescence exhibits an increase with increasing temperature from 10 to 50 K, and a decrease with increasing temperature from 50 to 100 K. We discuss the temperature dependence of the total intensity of the luminescence under excitation at host crystals in relation to free excitons and self-trapped excitons.
Intermediate band formation by InGaAs/GaAs multistacked quantum dots without strain compensation
Authors: Goshima Keishiro , Inukai Keisuke , Tsuda Norio , Sugaya Takeyoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are widely used for enhancing the performance of optical devices. Intermediate-band solar cells that use multistacked QDs can surpass the conversion efficiency of conventional silicon cells. We performed the optical characterization of In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs multistacked QDs without strain compensation. We used the theoretical and experimental techniques prescribed for intermediate-band solar cells, i.e., photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and two-color excitations spectroscopy. The interdot spacings were not uniform and were found to be 15 nm and 7 nm. The results verify the formation of intermediate bands by the multistacked QDs. Using the theoretical studies and experimental results, we performed an in-depth study on the mechanism underlying the formation of intermediate bands by the multistacked QDs and the effect of different interdot spacings.
Proposed scheme of realization of artificial nano-heterostructures by optical force under double resonance
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Hoshina Masayuki , Yokoyama Tomohiro , Ishihara Hajime 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We theoretically study a new configuration control of nanoparticles based on an optical force, which enables to trap two kinds of nanoparticles simultaneously in two-dimensional hetero-arrangement. Our proposed scheme utilizes two resonance effects on a localized surface plasmon and an electronic transition of nanoparticles. These resonances change the optical force behavior significantly. We propose periodic rhomboid metallic nanostructures with two linear polarized laser beams, the directions of which polarization are parallel to the two diagonals of rhomboid. The polarization direction fractionates the trapped nanoparticles when the two laser frequencies correspond to the electronic transition energies of two kinds of particles, respectively. We evaluate the feasibility of our proposed scheme numerically. The map of the optical force shows a clear spatial separation of trapping position for the two kinds of particles. Our results demonstrate an essential advantage of the optical manipulation that enables creating novel nanostructures unrealizable by conventional nanofabrication techniques.