bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large coherence of spanwise velocity in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: de Silva Charitha M. , Kevin Kevin , Baidya Rio , Hutchins Nicholas , Marusic Ivan 
Published: May 2018

The spatial signature of spanwise velocity coherence in turbulent boundary layers has been studied using a series of unique large-field-of-view multicamera particle image velocimetry experiments, which were configured to capture streamwise/spanwise slices of the boundary layer in both the logarithmic and the wake regions. The friction Reynolds number of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\approx 2600$ was chosen to nominally match the simulation of Sillero et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26 (10), 2014, 105109), who had previously reported oblique features of the spanwise coherence at the top edge of the boundary layer based on the sign of the spanwise velocity, and here we find consistent observations from experiments. In this work, we show that these oblique features in the spanwise coherence relate to the intermittent turbulent bulges at the edge of the layer, and thus the geometry of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, with the clear appearance of two counter-oriented oblique features. Further, these features are shown to be also present in the logarithmic region once the velocity fields are deconstructed based on the sign of both the spanwise and the streamwise velocity, suggesting that the often-reported meandering of the streamwise-velocity coherence in the logarithmic region is associated with a more obvious diagonal pattern in the spanwise velocity coherence. Moreover, even though a purely visual inspection of the obliqueness in the spanwise coherence may suggest that it extends over a very large spatial extent (beyond many boundary layer thicknesses), through a conditional analysis, we show that this coherence is limited to distances nominally less than two boundary layer thicknesses. Interpretation of these findings is aided by employing synthetic velocity fields of a boundary layer constructed using the attached eddy model, where the range of eddy sizes can be prescribed. Comparisons between the model, which employs an array of self-similar packet-like eddies that are randomly distributed over the plane of the wall, and the experimental velocity fields reveal a good degree of agreement, with both exhibiting oblique features in the spanwise coherence over comparable spatial extents. These findings suggest that the oblique features in the spanwise coherence are likely to be associated with similar structures to those used in the model, providing one possible underpinning structural composition that leads to this behaviour. Further, these features appear to be limited in spatial extent to only the order of the large-scale motions in the flow.
Flow-induced vibration control of a circular cylinder using rotational oscillation feedback
Authors: Vicente-Ludlam D. , Barrero-Gil A. , Velazquez A. 
Published: May 2018

The effect of imposed rotation on a slender elastically mounted circular cylinder free to oscillate transversely to the incident flow has been studied experimentally in a free-surface water channel. Rotation rate and direction are imposed to be proportional to either the cylinder’s transverse displacement or the cylinder’s transverse velocity to determine the effectiveness of these rotation laws to control the dynamics of the cylinder, either to reduce or to enhance oscillations. The former can be of interest for energy harvesting purposes whereas the latter can be useful to avoid unwanted oscillations. In all cases, non-dimensional mass and damping are fixed ($m^{\ast }=11.7$,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}=0.0043$) so the analysis is focused on the role of the rotation law and the reduced velocity. The Reynolds number based on the diameter of the cylinder ranges from 1500 to 10 000. Results are presented in terms of steady-state oscillation characterization (say, amplitude and frequency) and wake-pattern topology, which was obtained through digital particle image velocimetry. Both laws are able to either reduce or enhance oscillations, but they do it in a different way. A rotation law proportional to the cylinder’s displacement is more effective to enhance oscillations. For high enough actuation, a galloping-type response has been found, with a persistent growth of the amplitude of oscillations with the reduced velocity that shows a new desynchronized mode of vortex shedding. On the other hand, a rotation law proportional to the cylinder’s transverse velocity is more efficient to reduce oscillations. In this case only vortex-induced-type responses have been found. A quasi-steady theoretical model has been developed, which helps to explain why a galloping-type response may appear when rotation is proportional to cylinder displacement and is able to predict reasonably the amplitude of oscillations in those cases. The model also explains why a galloping-type response is not expected to occur when rotation is proportional to the cylinder’s velocity.
The diversity of professional Canadian Muslim women: Faith, agency, and ‘performing’ identity
Authors: Latif Ruby , Cukier Wendy , Gagnon Suzanne , Chraibi Radia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines how identities are constructed and performed by a sample of Muslim women in the Canadian workplace. This research will provide new insights on how Muslim women disclose or ‘perform’ their identities in different contexts. This study will build upon previous research on identity construction of ethnic minorities in the workplace and intersectionality and the workplace experiences of Muslim women by conducting interviews with 23 professional Muslim women in Canada. The findings have important implications for understanding Muslim women’s identity work in broader contexts of discrimination, as well as accommodation and inclusion in organizations.
Trilobite biostratigraphy of the Cambrian 5 and Drumian stages, Series 3 (Laurentian Delamaran, Topazan, and Marjuman stages, Lincolnian Series) of the lower Emigrant Formation at Clayton Ridge, Esmeralda County, Nevada
Authors: Sundberg Frederick A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Emigrant Formation at Clayton Ridge, Nevada, consists of 420 m of variably interbedded shale, siltstone, and limestone representing an outer shelf environment. It ranges in age from the youngest portion of the Dyeran Stage (Laurentian Waucoban Series; Cambrian Stage 4, Series 2) to Skullrockian Stage (Ibexian Series; Tremadocian Stage, Lower Ordovician). Consequently, it is condensed compared to other localities. For example, the age-equivalent succession in the House Range and the Wendover Range of Utah and Nevada, respectively, is seven times thicker.The 100 m thick lower limestone and siltstone member of the Emigrant Formation at Clayton Ridge ranges in age from theBolbolenellus euryparia/Nephrolenellus multinodusZone (Laurentian Dyeran Stage) to theCedaria brevifronsZone (Laurentian Marjuman Stage; Drumian Stage; this study). The 40 trilobites described herein from two closely spaced sections of the lower member belong to theGlossopleura walcotti/Ptychagnostus praecurrensZone (Laurentian Delamaran Stage; Stage 5),EhmaniellaZone (Laurentian Topazan Stage; Stage 5), andCedaria selwynitoC.brevifronszones (Laurentian Marjuman Stage; Drumian Stage) zones. The lower Emigrant Formation is <10% as thick as age-equivalent age strata elsewhere in Nevada, California, and Utah. This condensed nature of the lower Emigrant Formation began with the flooding event at the beginning of theOryctocephalus indicusbiochron and the subsequent build-ups of the thick carbonate platforms to the south and northeast.New species arePagetia aspinosa,P.claytonensis, andSyspacephalus mccollumorum.
New species of lower Tithonian macroconchiateHybonoticerasfrom Mexico and the co-occurrence ofMazapilitesandHybonoticerasin the Mexico-Caribbean area
Authors: Olóriz Federico , Villaseñor Ana Bertha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ammoniteHybonoticeras authariformisnew species [M] is erected from the lower Tithonian of Mexico, adding a new example of endemism for the genusHybonoticerasin records from epicontinental areas. The newly described species is the first evidence of unequivocal lowermost Tithonian macroconchiate hybonoticeratines reported from the Mexico-Caribbean area. Precise biostratigraphic control based on bed-by-bed sampling is first reported for the combined record of macroconchiateHybonoticerasBreistroffer, 1947 withMazapilitesBurckhardt, 1919 in Mexico, indicating an early but not earliest Tithonian age. A preliminary revision of the type material of species assigned to the genusMazapilitespoints to an inconclusive understanding of both intraspecies diversity and the real meaning of the nominal species formulated by Burckhardt, thus revealing defective knowledge about precise biostratigraphy at both the genus and species levels. Published hybonoticeratines and mazapilitines from Mexico and Cuba are revisited to update precise interpretation of their systematics, biostratigraphy, and correlation potential, and to investigate their combined occurrence. Previous information about Cuban hybonoticeratines and mazapilitines is too limited to be conclusively interpreted; their combined record cannot be demonstrated in Cuba. Special relevance is given to a potential occurrence ofMazapilitesin uppermost Kimmeridgian horizons in Cuba. The obtained results update the biostratigraphic meaning and systematic interpretation of the investigated ammonites, and signal topics for future research of interest in their paleobiological and palebiogeographic interpretation.UUID:http://zoobank.org/References/78c89620-fa2e-4de5-985d-819421a858f9
Explaining Uneven Social Policy Expansion in Democratic Chile
Authors: Castiglioni Rossana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the uneven expansion of social policy, using evidence from Chile. It explicates the Chilean case to understand differences between two specific areas of social policy: pensions and healthcare. Most macroexplanatory factors, which the literature proves are crucial for cross-country analysis, are left constant. Instead, it focuses on accounting for differences in the scope of expansion across sectors. It carries out a hypothesis-generating type of case study and relies on inductive process tracing. The goal is to generate hypotheses that may be useful for theory building in the realm of intersectoral dynamics of social policy expansion. The findings suggest that three explanatory factors combine to account for such differences: policymakers’ perceptions of the budgetary constraints and fiscal costs of producing (or failing to produce) a reform; the composition, cohesion, and ideas of technical teams; and the relative power of nongovernmental, prowelfare actors in relation to market stakeholders.
Phenotypic plasticity in clutch size regulation among populations of a potential invasive fruit fly from environments that vary in host heterogeneity and isolation
Authors: Aluja M. , Birke A. , Díaz-Fleischer F. , Rull J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is thought to evolve in response to environmental unpredictability and can shield genotypes from selection. However, selection can also act on plastic traits. Egg-laying behaviour, including clutch size regulation, is a plastic behavioural trait among tephritid fruit flies. We compared plasticity in clutch size regulation among females of Anastrepha ludens populations stemming from environments that differed in the degree of predictability in egg-laying opportunities. Clutch size regulation in response to hosts of different sizes was compared among flies from (a) a wild, highly isolated population, (b) a wild population that switches seasonally from a small wild host fruit that varies greatly in abundance to an abundant large-sized commercial host, and (c) a laboratory population. Flies from all three populations adjusted clutch number and size according to host size. However, flies from the heterogeneous wild environment were more plastic in adjusting clutch size than flies from agricultural settings that also laid fewer eggs; yet both populations were more plastic in adjusting clutch size in line with host size when compared with laboratory females. When wild and orchard females encountered the largest host, clutch size was extremely variable and egg regulation did not follow the same trend. Heterogeneity in host availability in space and time appears to be as important as seasonal variation in host size in maintaining plastic clutch size regulation behaviour. In stable environments, there was a clear reduction in the plasticity of these traits.
PRINCIPLE, PRACTICE, AND PRECEDENT: VINDICATING JUSTICE, ACCORDING TO LAW
Authors: Allan T.R.S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLegal judgment, I argue, entails moral judgment; legal obligations, correctly identified, are genuine moral obligations. Dworkin's legal theory is instructive, but problematic: his account of integrity fails to provide a convincing reconciliation of practice and principle. We can, however, defend a superior account in which the moral ideals that we invoke to justify legal practice – affirming its legitimacy under certain conditions – retain their force throughout our judgments about its specific demands in particular cases. Common law reasoning exemplifies that approach, reflecting the interdependence of practice and principle. It is an internal, interpretative inquiry, drawing on the moral resources of our own tradition, treated as an influential guide to the requirements of justice. The law is constituted, accordingly, neither by its socially authoritative sources, whatever their merits, nor by the moraleffectsof our legal practice. It is rather the scheme of justice we construct in our continuing efforts to bring our practice closer to the ideals that inspire and redeem it.
Variation in agricultural water demand and its attributions in the arid Tarim River Basin
Authors: Fang G. , Chen Y. , Li Z. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAgricultural water use accounts for more than 95% of the total water consumption in the extreme arid region of the Tarim River Basin. Understanding the variation of agricultural water demand (AWD) and its attributions is therefore vital for irrigation management and water resource allocation affecting the economy and natural ecosystems in this high water-deficit region. Here spatial–temporal variations ofAWDbased on weighted crop water requirement (ETc) were estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and the crop coefficient approach. Then the contributions of meteorological factors and planting structure (i.e. proportions of crop acreages) toAWDvariations were quantified based on traditional methods and numerical experiment (i.e. a series calculation ofAWDbased on different input data). Results indicated thatAWDdecreased during 1960–1988 at a rate of 2.76 mm/year and then started to increase at a high rate of 9.47 mm/year during 1989–2015. For the first period (1960–1988), wind speed (uz), maximum humidity (RHmax) and sunshine duration (n) were the most important factors leading to decreasedAWD, while for the second period the evolution of planting structure was the most significant factor resulting in the rapid increase ofAWD, followed by the minimum temperature (Tmin),uzandRHmax. The evolution of planting structure alone would lead to an increase rate forAWDof 7.1 mm/year while the climatic factor would result in an increase rate of 1.9 mm/year during 1989–2015.
Efficacy of artemisinin–naphthoquine phosphate against Schistosoma haematobium adult flukes: dose–effect relationship and tegumental alterations
Authors: El-Beshbishi S.N. , El Bardicy S. , Tadros M. , Ayoub M. , Taman A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infections have broadly overlapping geographical distributions. Praziquantel is the only treatment for human schistosomiasis, so drug tolerance and/or resistance are major concerns. Artemisinin–naphthoquine phosphate (CO-ArNp), an artemisinin-based combination therapy endorsed by the World Health Organization as a gold standard therapy for malaria, has also been identified as a promising treatment for S. mansoni. In this in vitro study, we tested the effect of 1–40 μg/ml CO-ArNp on S. haematobium worms, and inspected tegumental changes by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), aiming to determine if this combination therapy has a broad-spectrum antischistosomal activity. Incubation of S. haematobium adults with 20 or 30 μg/ml CO-ArNp caused 100% mortality of worms within 72 or 48 h, respectively. SEM examination showed extensive tegumental alterations such as oedema, constriction, shortening and loss of spines, fissuring, sloughing and perforation, resulting in exposure of the underlying basal lamina, mainly in treated male schistosomes. Besides the well-established potent efficacy, bioavailability, tolerability and safety of the antimalarial artemisinin–naphthoquine phosphate combined therapy, these results may also suggest its possible utilization as a new broad-spectrum antischistosomal agent.
Spirocerca vulpissp. nov. (Spiruridae: Spirocercidae): description of a new nematode species of the red fox,Vulpes vulpes(Carnivora: Canidae)
Authors: Rojas Alicia , Sanchis-Monsonís Gloria , Alić Amer , Hodžić Adnan , Otranto Domenico , Yasur-Landau Daniel , Martínez-Carrasco Carlos , Baneth Gad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have reported nematodes of the Spirocercidae family in the stomach nodules of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) described asSpirocercasp. orSpirocerca lupi(Rudolphi, 1819). We characterized spirurid worms collected from red foxes and compared them toS. lupifrom domestic dogs by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Nematodes from red foxes differed fromS. lupiby the presence of six triangular teeth-like buccal capsule structures, which are absent in the latter. Additionally, in female worms from red foxes, the distance of the vulva opening to the anterior end and the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus lengths were larger than those ofS. lupi(P< 0.006). In males, the lengths of the whole oesophagus and glandular part, the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus and the comparison of the oesophagus to the total body length were smaller inS. lupi(allP< 0.044). Phylogenetic analyses revealed thatS. lupiand the red foxes spirurid represent monophyletic sister groups with pairwise nucleotide distances of 9.2 and 0.2% in the cytochrome oxidase 1 and 18S genes, respectively. Based on these comparisons, the nematodes from red foxes were considered to belong to a separate species, for which the nameSpirocerca vulpissp. nov. is proposed.
Mammomonogamusnematodes in felid carnivores: a minireview and the first molecular characterization
Authors: Červená Barbora , Hrazdilová Kristýna , Vallo Peter , Ketzis Jennifer , Bolfa Pompei , Tudor Edgar , Lux-Hoppe Estevam G. , Blanvillain Caroline , Modrý David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFive of the 13 known species ofMammomonogamushave been described in members of the family Felidae, including domestic cats, making felids the most frequent hosts ofMammomonogamus.The occurrence ofMammomonogamusin felids is geographically scattered and information on the life cycle and other aspects of infections is lacking. The paucity of data opens the questions on possible conspecificity of some of the described species ofMammomonogamusand on the existence of possible reservoirs for infections in domestic cats in geographically isolated endemic foci of infection. To test such hypotheses, we compared sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers obtained fromMammomonogamusadults or eggs collected from domestic cats in three geographically distant localities. Based on morphology, geographic origin and site of infection, the worms examined can be referred to asMammomonogamus iereiandMammomonogamus auris. Phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers showed monophyly of the genusMammomonogamusand suggested the existence of at least two species in cats. Review of the literature, the existence of several species and the discontinuous geographic distribution ofMammomonogamusinfections in domestic cats suggest an historical spillover of infection from wild reservoirs, presumably wild felids.
Gramsci meets emergentist materialism: Towards aneoneo-gramscian perspective on world order
Authors: Pass Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeo-Gramscians have made invaluable contributions to expanding traditional IR/IPE theory. Nevertheless, as the following article indicates, the ontological, epistemological, and methodological positions they adopt results in a rather one-sided interpretation of Antonio Gramsci and a partial, at times erroneous, account of the nature of the current global system. In highlighting these oversights, theneoneo-Gramscian approach presented here – rooted in a critical realist philosophy of science, specifically ‘emergentist materialism’, and involving a more complete reading of Gramsci – seeks to lay the basis for the elaboration of a more convincing theoretical and conceptual framework to analyse the changing dynamics of contemporary world order, without which the Coxian critical theory dream of engendering social emancipation cannot be fully realised.
Imported cases and minimum temperature drive dengue transmission in Guangzhou, China: evidence from ARIMAX model
Authors: Jing Q. L. , Cheng Q. , Marshall J. M. , Hu W. B. , Yang Z. C. , Lu J. H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDengue is the fastest spreading mosquito-transmitted disease in the world. In China, Guangzhou City is believed to be the most important epicenter of dengue outbreaks although the transmission patterns are still poorly understood. We developed an autoregressive integrated moving average model incorporating external regressors to examine the association between the monthly number of locally acquired dengue infections and imported cases, mosquito densities, temperature and precipitation in Guangzhou. In multivariate analysis, imported cases and minimum temperature (both at lag 0) were both associated with the number of locally acquired infections (P < 0.05). This multivariate model performed best, featuring the lowest fitting root mean squared error (RMSE) (0.7520), AIC (393.7854) and test RMSE (0.6445), as well as the best effect in model validation for testing outbreak with a sensitivity of 1.0000, a specificity of 0.7368 and a consistency rate of 0.7917. Our findings suggest that imported cases and minimum temperature are two key determinants of dengue local transmission in Guangzhou. The modelling method can be used to predict dengue transmission in non-endemic countries and to inform dengue prevention and control strategies.