bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Smad6 promotes gliomagenesis by negatively regulating PIAS3-mediated STAT3 inhibition
Authors: Jiao Jiantong , Zhang Rui , Li Zheng , Yin Ying , Fang Xiangming , Ding Xiaopeng , Cai Ying , Yang Shudong , Mu Huijun , Zong Da , Chen Yuexin , Zhang Yansong , Zou Jian , Shao Junfei , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo date, the molecular mechanism underlying constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in gliomas is largely unclear. In this study, we report that Smad6 is overexpressed in nuclei of glioma cells, which correlates with poor patient survival and regulates STAT3 activity via negatively regulating the Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3). Mechanically, Smad6 interacts directly with PIAS3, and this interaction is mediated through the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain of Smad6 and the Ring domain of PIAS3. Smad6 recruits Smurf1 to facilitate PIAS3 ubiquitination and degradation, which also depends on the MH2 domain and the PY motif of Smad6. Consequently, Smad6 reduces PIAS3-mediated STAT3 inhibition and promotes glioma cell growth and stem-like cell initiation. Moreover, the Smad6 MH2 transducible protein restores PIAS3 expression and subsequently reduces gliomagenesis. Collectively, we conclude that nuclear-Smad6 enhances glioma development by inducing PIAS3 degradation and subsequent STAT3 activity upregulation.
Validation of a simple screening tool for early diagnosis of advanced Parkinson’s disease in daily practice: the CDEPA questionnaire
Authors: Martinez-Martin Pablo , Kulisevsky Jaime , Mir Pablo , Tolosa Eduardo , García-Delgado Pilar , Luquin María-Rosario 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarly clinical diagnosis of advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) may be difficult. This study aimed to validate a simple screening tool, the CDEPA questionnaire (“Cuestionario De Enfermedad de Parkinson Avanzada” [Questionnaire for Advanced Parkinson’s Disease]), for the identification of APD in daily practice. The study included 173 consecutively selected patients with PD (40% were women, mean age was 68.4 ± 10.5 years), stratified according to the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. The CDEPA questionnaire defined APD as the presence of severe disability requiring help for activities of daily living (ADL), motor fluctuations with limitation or inability to perform ADL, severe dysphagia, recurrent falls, or dementia. The diagnostic performance of the questionnaire was assessed against the gold standard criterion based on clinical judgment. PD was categorized as advanced in 65 (38%) patients when using the gold standard and in 109 (63%) patients when the CDEPA questionnaire was used. The CDEPA questionnaire and the gold standard agreed moderately (kappa statistic of 0.48, P < 0.001). The CDEPA classified APD with a sensitivity of 97%; specificity of 57%; total accuracy of 72.3%; and area under the curve (for a binary classifier) of 77.2%. Significant differences were found between the groups created by the CDEPA in several usual PD evaluations (HY Scale, SCOPA Motor Scale, Non-motor Symptoms Scale for PD, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Clinical Global Impression–Severity Scale, and Patient Global Impression–Severity Scale). CDEPA showed satisfactory inter-rater agreement (kappa = 0.88) and test–retest concordance (kappa 0.83). In conclusion, the CDEPA questionnaire is a valid, reliable, and useful instrument for easily screening APD.
Fight outcome briefly affects the reproductive fitness of male crickets
Authors: Zeng Yang , Zhou Feng-Hao , Zhu Dao-Hong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSexual selection allows male individuals to adopt different evolutionary strategies in mating system. In this study, we determined whether dominance affected reproductive fitness of male crickets Velarifictorus aspersus during both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory selection when we excluded male–male competition. The results showed that females mated more often with male winners only during the first 2 h after a fight when male winners were more likely to produce courtship songs than losers. However, females did not retain the attached spermatophores of male winners longer than those of male losers, and the fecundity and fertilization success also did not differ significantly between females mated different times with male winners and losers. Instead, the fertilization success was positively correlated with male body weight. These results suggest that a recent wining experience increases reproductive fitness of males during pre-copulatory selection, but females may prefer larger males rather than winners during post-copulatory selection. The incoordination between pre- and post-copulatory selection may allow males to adopt different evolutionary strategies in mating system.
Metabolites Re-programming and Physiological Changes Induced in Scenedesmus regularis under Nitrate Treatment
Authors: Ma Nyuk-Ling , Aziz Ahmad , Teh Kit-Yinn , Lam Su Shiung , Cha Thye-San 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNitrate is required to maintain the growth and metabolism of plant and animals. Nevertheless, in excess amount such as polluted water, its concentration can be harmful to living organisms such as microalgae. Recently, studies on microalgae response towards nutrient fluctuation are usually limited to lipid accumulation for the production of biofuels, disregarding the other potential of microalgae to be used in wastewater treatments and as source of important metabolites. Our study therefore captures the need to investigate overall metabolite changes via NMR spectroscopy approach coupled with multivariate data to understand the complex molecular process under high (4X) and low (1/4X) concentrations of nitrate ($${{\bf{NO}}}_{{\bf{3}}}^{{\boldsymbol{-}}}$$

NO

3

−

). NMR spectra with the aid of chemometric analysis revealed contrasting metabolites makeup under abundance and limited nitrate treatment. By using NMR technique, 43 types of metabolites and 8 types of fatty acid chains were detected. Nevertheless, only 20 key changes were observed and 16 were down regulated in limited nitrate condition. This paper has demonstrated the feasibility of NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the physiological impact of changing environment such as pollution to the implications for growth and productivity of microalgae population.
A hybrid computational approach for efficient Alzheimer’s disease classification based on heterogeneous data
Authors: Ding Xuemei , Bucholc Magda , Wang Haiying , Glass David H. , Wang Hui , Clarke Dave H. , Bjourson Anthony John , Dowey Le Roy C. , O’Kane Maurice , Prasad Girijesh , Maguire Liam , Wong-Lin KongFatt 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is currently a lack of an efficient, objective and systemic approach towards the classification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to its complex etiology and pathogenesis. As AD is inherently dynamic, it is also not clear how the relationships among AD indicators vary over time. To address these issues, we propose a hybrid computational approach for AD classification and evaluate it on the heterogeneous longitudinal AIBL dataset. Specifically, using clinical dementia rating as an index of AD severity, the most important indicators (mini-mental state examination, logical memory recall, grey matter and cerebrospinal volumes from MRI and active voxels from PiB-PET brain scans, ApoE, and age) can be automatically identified from parallel data mining algorithms. In this work, Bayesian network modelling across different time points is used to identify and visualize time-varying relationships among the significant features, and importantly, in an efficient way using only coarse-grained data. Crucially, our approach suggests key data features and their appropriate combinations that are relevant for AD severity classification with high accuracy. Overall, our study provides insights into AD developments and demonstrates the potential of our approach in supporting efficient AD diagnosis.
Biomarker discovery by integrated joint non-negative matrix factorization and pathway signature analyses
Authors: Fujita Naoya , Mizuarai Shinji , Murakami Katsuhiko , Nakai Kenta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredictive biomarkers are important for selecting appropriate patients for particular treatments. Comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacological data provide clues for understanding relationships between biomarkers and drugs. However, it is still difficult to mine biologically meaningful biomarkers from multi-omics data. Here, we developed an approach for mining multi-omics cell line data by integrating joint non-negative matrix factorization (JNMF) and pathway signature analyses to identify candidate biomarkers. The JNMF detected known associations between biomarkers and drugs such as BRAF mutation with PLX4720 and HER2 amplification with lapatinib. Furthermore, we observed that tumours with both BRAF mutation and MITF activation were more sensitive to BRAF inhibitors compared to tumours with BRAF mutation without MITF activation. Therefore, activation of the BRAF/MITF axis seems to be a more appropriate biomarker for predicting the efficacy of a BRAF inhibitor than the conventional biomarker of BRAF mutation alone. Our biomarker discovery scheme represents an integration of JNMF multi-omics clustering and multi-layer interpretation based on pathway gene signature analyses. This approach is also expected to be useful for establishing drug development strategies, identifying pharmacodynamic biomarkers, in mode of action analysis, as well as for mining drug response data in a clinical setting.
Generation of hydroxyl radicals by Fe-polyphenol-activated CaO2 as a potential treatment for soil-borne diseases
Authors: Morikawa Cláudio Kendi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn Fe-polyphenol catalyst was recently developed using anhydrous iron (III) chloride and coffee grounds as raw materials. The present study aims to test the application of this Fe-polyphenol catalyst with two hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sources in soil as a new method for controlling the soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and to test the hypothesis that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the catalytic process. Tomato cv. Momotaro was used as the test species. The results showed that powdered CaO2 (16% W/W) is a more effective H2O2 source for controlling bacterial wilt disease than liquid H2O2 (35% W/W) when applied with an Fe-polyphenol catalyst. An electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping method using a 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) assay and Fe-caffeic acid and Fe-chlorogenic acid complexes as models showed that these organometallic complexes react with the H2O2 released by CaO2, producing hydroxyl radicals in a manner that is consistent with the proposed catalytic process. The application of Fe-polyphenol with powdered CaO2 to soil could be a new environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases.
The pharmacological perturbation of brain zinc impairs BDNF-related signaling and the cognitive performances of young mice
Authors: Frazzini Valerio , Granzotto Alberto , Bomba Manuela , Massetti Noemi , Castelli Vanessa , d’Aurora Marco , Punzi Miriam , Iorio Mariangela , Mosca Alessandra , Delli Pizzi Stefano , Gatta Valentina , Cimini Annamaria , Sensi Stefano L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZinc (Zn2+) is a pleiotropic modulator of the neuronal and brain activity. The disruption of intraneuronal Zn2+levels triggers neurotoxic processes and affects neuronal functioning. In this study, we investigated how the pharmacological modulation of brain Zn2+affects synaptic plasticity and cognition in wild-type mice. To manipulate brain Zn2+levels, we employed the Zn2+(and copper) chelator 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol, CQ). CQ was administered for two weeks to 2.5-month-old (m.o.) mice, and effects studied on BDNF-related signaling, metalloproteinase activity as well as learning and memory performances. CQ treatment was found to negatively affect short- and long-term memory performances. The CQ-driven perturbation of brain Zn2+was found to reduce levels of BDNF, synaptic plasticity-related proteins and dendritic spine densityin vivo. Our study highlights the importance of choosing “when”, “where”, and “how much” in the modulation of brain Zn2+levels. Our findings confirm the importance of targeting Zn2+as a therapeutic approach against neurodegenerative conditions but, at the same time, underscore the potential drawbacks of reducing brain Zn2+availability upon the early stages of development.
Comparative analysis of xenobiotic metabolising N-acetyltransferases from ten non-human primates as in vitro models of human homologues
Authors: Tsirka Theodora , Konstantopoulou Maria , Sabbagh Audrey , Crouau-Roy Brigitte , Ryan Ali , Sim Edith , Boukouvala Sotiria , Fakis Giannoulis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractXenobiotic metabolising N-acetyltransferases (NATs) perform biotransformation of drugs and carcinogens. Human NAT1 is associated with endogenous metabolic pathways of cells and is a candidate drug target for cancer. Human NAT2 is a well-characterised polymorphic xenobiotic metabolising enzyme, modulating susceptibility to drug-induced toxicity. Human NATs are difficult to express to high purification yields, complicating large-scale production for high-throughput screens or use in sophisticated enzymology assays and crystallography. We undertake comparative functional investigation of the NAT homologues of ten non-human primates, to characterise their properties and evaluate their suitability as models of human NATs. Considering the amount of generated recombinant protein, the enzymatic activity and thermal stability, the NAT homologues of non-human primates are demonstrated to be a much more effective resource for in vitro studies compared with human NATs. Certain NAT homologues are proposed as better models, such as the NAT1 of macaques Macaca mulatta and M. sylvanus, the NAT2 of Erythrocebus patas, and both NAT proteins of the gibbon Nomascus gabriellae which show highest homology to human NATs. This comparative investigation will facilitate in vitro screens towards discovery and optimisation of candidate pharmaceutical compounds for human NAT isoenzymes, while enabling better understanding of NAT function and evolution in primates.
Growth of a common planktonic diatom quantified using solid medium culturing
Authors: Kourtchenko Olga , Rajala Tuomas , Godhe Anna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to grow on solid culture medium is a pre-requisite for a successful microbial genetic model organism. Skeletonema marinoi, a bloom-forming, planktonic marine microalga, is widely used in ecological, evolutionary and population genetics studies. We have tested and confirmed the ability of this common organism to grow on solid culture medium (agar) under experimentally manipulated conditions. We established a protocol for quantifying growth characteristics – length of lag phase, growth rate, maximum biomass yield – on agar medium. The procedure was tested under experimental treatments and the resulting growth changes correlated with those observed in standard liquid culture. The ability to grow on solid medium broadens the use of S. marinoi as a molecular model, where agar is routinely used for various purposes (growth, selection, storage); and the possibility to quantify colony growth opens the way for high throughput, automated, or semi-automated phenotyping solutions.
Radio-continuum surveys with SKA and LOFAR: a first look at the perspectives for radio mini-halos
Authors: Gitti M. , Brunetti G. , Cassano R. , Ettori S. 
Published: June 2018

Context.Diffuse synchrotron radio emission has been observed in a number of cool-core clusters on scales comparable to that of the cooling region. These radio sources are called “mini-halos”. In order to understand their origin, which is still unclear, joint radio and X-ray statistical studies of large cluster samples are necessary to investigate the radio mini-halo properties and their connection with the cluster thermodynamics.Aims.We here extend our previous explorative study and investigate the perspectives offered by surveys in the radio continuum with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), in particular examining the effect of the intracluster magnetic field in the mini-halo region for the first time.Methods.By considering the minimum flux detectable in radio surveys and exploiting thePradio − LXcorrelation observed for known mini-halos, we estimate the detection limits achievable by future radio observational follow-up of X-ray cluster samples, such as HIFLUGCS and eROSITA. This allows us to estimate the maximum number of radio mini-halos that can potentially be discovered in future surveys as a function of redshift and magnetic field strength.Results.Under the optimistic assumption that all cool-core systems host a mini-halo and that the radio versus X-ray scaling relation extends to systems with lower X-ray luminosity, we show that future radio surveys with LOFAR and SKA1 (at ∼140 MHz and ∼1.4 GHz) have the potential to discover ∼1000–10 000 radio mini-halo candidates up to redshiftz =  1. This shows that these surveys may be able to produce a breakthrough in the study of these sources. We further note that future SKA1 radio surveys at redshiftz > 0.6 will allow us to distinguish between different magnetic fields in the mini-halo region, because higher magnetic fields are expected to produce more powerful mini-halos, thus implying a larger number of mini-halo candidates detected at high redshift. For example, the non-detection with SKA1 of mini-halos atz > 0.6 will suggest a low magnetic field (B < fewμG). The synergy of these radio surveys with future X-ray observations and theoretical studies is essential in establishing the radio mini-halo physical nature.
The bivariate luminosity and mass functions of the local HRS galaxy sample
Authors: Andreani P. , Boselli A. , Ciesla L. , Vio R. , Cortese L. , Buat V. , Miyamoto Y. 
Published: June 2018

Aims.We discuss the results of the relationships between theK-band and stellar mass, FIR luminosities, star formation rate, and the masses of the dust and gas of nearby galaxies computing the bivariateK-band-luminosity function (BLF) and bivariateK-band-mass function (BMF) of theHerschelReference Survey (HRS), a volume-limited sample with full wavelength coverage.Methods.We derive the BLFs and BMFs from theK-band and stellar mass, FIR luminosities, star formation rate, dust and gas masses cumulative distributions using a copula method, which is outlined in detail. The use of the computed bivariate taking into account the upper limits allows us to derive a more solid statistical ground for the relationship between the observed physical quantities.Results.The analysis shows that the behaviour of the morphological (optically selected) subsamples is quite different. A statistically meaningful result can be obtained over the whole HRS sample only from the relationship between theK-band and the stellar mass, while for the remaining physical quantities (dust and gas masses, far-infrared luminosity, and star formation rate), the analysis is distinct for late-type (LT) and early-type galaxies (ETG). However, the number of ETGs is small to perform a robust statistical analysis, and in most of the case results are discussed only for the LTG subsample. The luminosity and mass functions (LFs, MFs) of LTGs are generally dependent on theK-band and the various dependencies are discussed in detail. We are able to derive the corresponding LFs and MFs and compare them with those computed with other samples. Our statistical analysis allows us to characterise the HRS which, although non-homogeneously selected and partially biased towards low IR luminosities, may be considered as representative of the local LT galaxy population.
Two Typical Hereditary Charts of Congenital Factor VII Deficiency
Authors: Cleton F. J , Loeliger E. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe inheritance of congenital factor VII deficiency was investigated in 2 unrelated families. Out of 68 individuals, 4 (3 proven and 1 highly probable) were found to have severe factor VII deficiency (<C 0.1% factor VII), and 29 appeared to be heterozygotes (30—60% factor VII). The coagulation defect is due to an autosomal gene of intermediate expression and complete penetrance. The recessive character of the haemorrhagic diathesis due to the homozygous state for the abnormal gene is clearly demonstrated.
A Comparison of the Fibrinolytic and Fibrinogenolytic Effects of Plasminogen Activators and Proteolytic Enzymes in Plasma
Authors: Sawyer William D. , Alkjaersig Norma , Fletcher Anthony P. , Sherry Sol 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. A sensitive test system has been described whereby the respective fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic effects of plasminogen activators and proteolytic enzymes in plasma may be quantitated separately by use of isotopically labeled substrates.2. Plasminogen activators in the plasma-clot system were demonstrated to lyse more fibrin per unit fibrinogen lysed than either plasmin or trypsin. No evidence was obtained to suggest the formation of a plasmin-antiplasmin complex with special “fibrinolytic” porperties.3. Comparison of the effects of streptokinase and urokinase in plasma revealed discrete differences in the ratio of their fibrinolytic-fibrinogenolytic activities.
Some Aspects of the Mechanism of Thrombolysis
Authors: Johnson Alan J. , Ross McCarty W 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Antibody to streptokinase and kinase, activator and plasmin inhibitors in the circulating blood of man, inhibit parenterally injected streptokinase and streptokinase-plasmin, in vivo. In vitro assays of these inhibitors determine the priming dose of streptokinase and streptokinase-plasmin to neutralize the inhibitors and effect thrombolysis.2. Persistent thrombolysis was produced in 16 of 21 experimentally induced thrombi in man, when streptokinase or activator was utilized. No persistent thrombolysis occurred in 9 instances, when plasmin was utilized (streptokinase-plasmin in 7 and glycerol-plasmin in 2).1. A critical amount of plasminogen was required in vivo, for effective thrombolysis (100 proactivator units). This fact demonstrates further the importance of activator in the production of thrombolysis, since activator but not plasmin requires intrinsic clot plasminogen to produce thrombolysis.
Inhibition of Fibrinolysis by Hyperlipemia
Authors: Cliffton Eugene E. , Burchell Albert R. 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Parenteral injection of triton produced inhibition of fibrinolysis; this phenomenon correlated with hyperlipemia produced by the triton.2. Triton induced hyperlipemia caused greater inhibition of fibrinolysis than did cholesterol feedings. It was suggested that this might be related to difference in cholesterol-phospholipid ratio.3. Saturated fat emulsions produced a greater degree of fibrinolytic inhibition than did unsaturated fat preparations.
Fibrinolysis in the Pleural Cavity After Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Zaman C. L 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the postoperative intrathoracic exsudate after pulmonary surgery a fluctuating antithrombin activity was found. The antithrombin in the exsudate was found to be mostly of a slow acting type. It differed from antithrombin III in its resistance to ether. The activity of the antithrombin in the exsudate could be potentiated by traces of heparin. For various reasons the hypothesis is brought forward that this antithrombin is a product of fibrinolysis. The effect of this antithrombin on haemostasis could not be evaluated. The haemostasis at the operation site was found to be influenced by fibrinolysis.