bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent achievements and future developments in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Bojan Mirela 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA primary goal of improving neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass has been making the circuit smaller and reduce the blood contacting surfaces. As bypass circuit size has decreased, bloodless surgery has become possible even in neonates. Since transfusion guidelines are difficult to construct based on existing literature, these technical advances should be taken advantage of in conjunction with an individualized transfusion scheme, based on monitoring of oxygen availability to the tissues. For the majority of neonatal heart operations, several centers have shifted toward normothermic bypass even for complex neonatal surgeries, in order to avoid the adverse effects of hypothermia. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is no longer a necessity but an option, and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion has become common practice; however, technical uncertainties with regard to this technique have to be addressed, based on reliable neurologic monitoring. Maintenance of patient‐specific heparin concentrations during bypass is another key goal, since neonates have lower baseline antithrombin concentrations and, therefore, a higher risk for inadequate thrombin inhibition and postoperative bleeding. Due to the immaturity of their hemostatic system, the standard coagulation tests alone are inappropriate to guide hemostatic therapy in neonates. The use of indirect heparin concentration assays and global viscoelastic assays in the operating room is likely to represent the optimal strategy, and requires validation in neonates. Monitoring of global and regional indexes of oxygen availability and consumption on bypass have become possible; however, their use in neonates still has outstanding technical issues which should be addressed and hence needs further validation. Due to the immaturity of the neonatal myocardium, single‐shot cold cardioplegia solutions are thought to confer the best myocardial protection; their superiority when compared to more conventional modalities, however, remains to be demonstrated.
Ovarian function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and young adults given 8‐Gy total body irradiation‐based reduced‐toxicity myeloablative conditioning
Authors: Komori Kazutoshi , Hirabayashi Koichi , Morita Daisuke , Hara Yosuke , Kurata Takashi , Saito Shoji , Tanaka Miyuki , Yanagisawa Ryu , Sakashita Kazuo , Koike Kenichi , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe spectrum of late sequelae after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) includes infertility, which is the most frequent complication. Some reports suggested that ovarian function may be better preserved in females undergoing HSCT with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) than with conventional myeloablative conditioning (MAC). However, the impact of HSCT after 8‐Gy TBI‐based reduced‐toxicity MAC (RTMAC), whose efficacy is between those of conventional MAC and RIC, on ovarian function remains unclear.ProcedureA single‐center retrospective analysis of data derived from patient information for all the children who underwent transplantation at the Shinshu University Hospital was carried out. Patients who underwent 8‐Gy total body irradiation (TBI)‐based RTMAC before HSCT were analyzed.ResultsA total of 36% (five of 14) of the patients developed primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) during the observation period, but serum follicle‐stimulating hormone levels reduced to normal range with spontaneous menstruation in two, implying the reversal of POI. Furthermore, only one (10%) of the 10 prepubertal patients (71%; 10/14) at the time of HSCT suffered from POI at the last observation, but all three post‐pubertal patients developed POI (100%), and two (67%) continued to suffer from POI at the last observation.ConclusionsTaken together, 8‐Gy TBI‐based RTMAC before HSCT may decrease the possibility of POI compared with conventional MAC, especially in prepubertal patients. A longer follow‐up will be required to ascertain whether a normal pregnancy and delivery can occur in such patients.
A Cyanine Photooxidation/β‐Elimination Sequence Enables Near‐infrared Uncaging of Aryl Amine Payloads
Authors: Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Caldwell Donald R. , Gandioso Albert , Schnermann Martin J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUncaging strategies that use near‐infrared wavelengths can enable the highly targeted delivery of biomolecules in complex settings. Many methods, including an approach we developed using cyanine photooxidation, are limited to phenol‐containing payloads. Given the critical role of amines in diverse biological processes, we sought to use cyanine photooxidation to initiate the release of aryl amines. Heptamethine cyanines substituted with an aryl amine at the C4′ position undergo only inefficient release, likely due electronic factors. We then pursued the hypothesis that the carbonyl products derived from cyanine photooxidation could undergo efficient β‐elimination. After examining both symmetrical and unsymmetrical scaffolds, we identify a merocyanine substituted with indolenine and coumarin heterocycles that undergoes efficient photooxidation and aniline uncaging. In total, these studies provide a new scheme—cyanine photooxidation followed by β‐elimination—through which to design photocages with efficient uncaging properties.
Krein signature and Whitham modulation theory: the sign of characteristics and the “sign characteristic”
Authors: Bridges Thomas J. , Ratliff Daniel J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn classical Whitham modulation theory, the transition of the dispersionless Whitham equations from hyperbolic to elliptic is associated with a pair of nonzero purely imaginary eigenvalues coalescing and becoming a complex quartet, suggesting that a Krein signature is operational. However, there is no natural symplectic structure. Instead, we find that the operational signature is the “sign characteristic” of real eigenvalues of Hermitian matrix pencils. Its role in classical Whitham single‐phase theory is elaborated for illustration. However, the main setting where the sign characteristic becomes important is in multiphase modulation. It is shown that a necessary condition for two coalescing characteristics to become unstable (the generalization of the hyperbolic to elliptic transition) is that the characteristics have opposite sign characteristic. For example the theory is applied to multiphase modulation of the two‐phase traveling wave solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Mothers’ experiences after coming home from the hospital with a moderately to late preterm infant – a qualitative study
Authors: Breivold Kristin , Hjaelmhult Esther , Sjöström‐Strand Annica , Hallström Inger Kristensson 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMothers of preterm infants are at greater risk of symptoms of stress and anxiety compared to mothers of term infants.AimsThis study aimed to explore mothers’ experiences after coming home from the hospital with a moderately to late preterm infant.MethodsA qualitative and explorative method was used. Ten mothers who had given birth to a preterm baby with a gestational age between 30.0 and 36.0 were interviewed. The interviews were conducted two to three months after the mothers and their babies were discharged from hospital. The data were analysed by means of latent and manifest qualitative content analysis.FindingsOne overall theme emerged from the analysis: ‘Seeing the light at the end of the tunnel’ and four categories were identified ‘Finding a safe haven at home’, ‘Gaining support and learning to ensure optimal feeding’, ‘Seeing the child's possibilities’ and ‘Receiving professional attention and reassurance’. In particular, adequate breastfeeding guidance and help with practical tasks at home were emphasised as important for the mothers, and need to be incorporated into the practice of public health nurses.ConclusionsPractical help and support from close people, combined with individual professional follow‐up, were important for the mothers’ ability to cope with the hospital‐to‐home transition. There should be a strong focus on breastfeeding guidance as the mothers experienced problems for several months after discharge, and felt they were missing out on breastfeeding guidance given to term babies in hospital.
Co‐production, governance and practice: The dynamics and effects of User Voice Prison Councils
Authors: Weaver Beth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrawing on Bevir's (2013) decentered theory of governance, and Donati's (2016) theory of the relational subject, this article explores how User Voice Prison Councils in England have contributed to shifts in aspects of prison governance and practice. It discusses the cultural and policy context in which the Councils emerged and operate before exploring their perceived purposes, dynamics, and effects. User Voice Prison Councils represent an important example of different actors co‐producing alternative patterns of governance through innovations in democratic participation. Interviews with Prison Council participants, User Voice and prison staff revealed that the development of such “bottom–up” participatory governance practices require and restore interpersonal trust, the mechanisms of which are interactions underpinned by a distinct manner of relating and the establishment of a network of relations oriented to the common good. The effects include enhanced institutional legitimacy; improvements in prison officer‐prisoner relations; and greater quality of life for prisoners. Revealing the “how” of co‐production, from the “inside”, the argument advanced here is that while the effects of co‐production may be more ameliorative than transformative, such collaborative and dialogic approaches can enable differently situated people to forge new norms of interactions and forms of democratic participation to achieve collective goals.
Effect of vitamin K administration on rate of warfarin reversal
Authors: Polito Nick B. , Kanouse Eric , Jones Courtney M.C. , McCann Molly , Refaai Majed A. , Acquisto Nicole M. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDVitamin K is reported to begin reversing warfarin within 6 to 12 hours, but this may occur sooner. We sought to determine the rate of international normalized ratio (INR) reversal following vitamin K and relationships with dose, route, and baseline INR.METHODSWe evaluated adult patients receiving vitamin K monotherapy for warfarin reversal. Post–vitamin K INRs through 48 hours were collected. Relationships between vitamin K dose and route and baseline INR on rate of reversal and complete reversal (INR < 1.5) were evaluated. Assessment was performed graphically using scatter plots with a line of best fit and a counting process model to determine variables associated with achieving complete reversal.RESULTSA total of 469 post–vitamin K INRs from 235 patients were included. Time to first INR follow‐up after vitamin K administration averaged 10.5 ± 4.2 hours. A significant decrease was detected in INR values in comparison to the baseline INR (3.0 ± 1.9 vs. 4.7 ± 2.2; p < 0.01). Rapid and steady INR change began immediately after vitamin K administration (0–4 hr). A high vitamin K dose and intravenous route were associated with rapid INR change and complete reversal (Vitamin K 10 mg [hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–4.2] and IV route [hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.6]); however, overall complete reversal at 24 and 48 hours was low (14.5% and 41.7%, respectively). Higher baseline INR was associated with rapid INR change and lower baseline INR with complete reversal.CONCLUSIONVitamin K alone starts to reverse warfarin immediately. High vitamin K doses and intravenous route are associated with faster INR reversal. Baseline INR also influences rate of correction and frequency of achieving complete reversal.
Phenotype of macular corneal dystrophy in Labrador Retrievers: A multicenter study
Authors: Busse Claudia , Kafarnik Christiane , Linn‐Pearl Rose , Volmer Christelle , Matiasek Kaspar , Premont Johana E. , Dulaurent Thomas , Douet Jean‐Yves , Gilbert Ida , Jalomäki Sari , Trost Katrin , Isard Pierre‐Francois , Boyd Ryan , Raymond Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the phenotype of canine macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) including the clinical presentation, multimodal ocular imaging, histopathology, and ultrastructural analysis in ten Labrador Retrievers.ProcedureMulticentered data collection.ResultsLabrador Retrievers affected by MCD were presented between the age of 4.5 and 6 years of age with a history of cloudy eyes and/or visual impairment. Findings on ophthalmic examination included a diffuse haze of the corneal stroma and multiple, well‐demarcated, off‐white to yellow‐brown, punctate corneal opacities heterogeneous in size. Corneal vascularization developed in most dogs as the disease progressed. Disease progression was associated with increased density of the corneal haze as well as increased number and size of the focal opacities and dogs developed significant visual impairment. Spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography revealed multifocal hyper‐reflective regions within the stroma. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed marked alterations in reflectivity throughout the entire stroma. Normal keratocytes could not be identified in affected areas. Histopathology showed stromal collagen fibers separated by acidophilic granular material on hematoxylin and eosin stain. The material stained with periodic acid‐Schiff and colloidal iron stain but not with Masson trichrome stain, confirming the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. On electron microscopic ultrastructural examination, keratocytes presented with vacuolated rough endoplasmic reticulum and multiple electron dense cytoplasmic inclusions. In areas keratocytes appeared ruptured, with cell organelles and proteinaceous material grouped together between collagen fibers.ConclusionMCD in Labrador Retrievers has similarities with the human counterpart of the condition and is an important differential diagnosis in dogs with corneal disease.
La construcción de la identidad en contextos hegemónicos
Authors: Rascón-Gómez María Teresa 
Published: February 2019

El presente ensayo nace de una serie de deliberaciones fruto de la trayectoria investigadora de la autora en el ámbito de la interculturalidad. El interés por profundizar en el proceso de construcción identitario de las minorías étnico culturales, nos descubre la presencia de múltiples contextos de desigualdad generados por las propias sociedades receptoras. Desde una perspectiva crítica, reflexionaremos sobre la necesidad de que estas personas, como sujetos subalternos, se apropien de su discurso, y se liberen de la interpretación hegemónica que a menudo los estudiosos de la identidad cultural realizan de las concepciones cognitivas, afectivas y morales de estas minorías.
Percepciones sobre la tutoría entre pares en escritura académica
Authors: López-Higuera Amparo , Prado-Mosquera Diana Marcela , Cajas-paz Edwin Yamir , Chois-lenis Pilar Mirely , Casas-Bustillo Adriana Carolina 
Published: February 2019

Esta investigación cualitativa retomó elementos de la etnografía educativa y de la fenomenología, para comprender las percepciones de los participantes en tutorías de escritura académica entre pares. Los hallazgos permitieron advertir que tutor y tutorado perciben beneficios tanto en el campo académico como en el social; cada uno valora positivamente en el otro algunos rasgos de personalidad, y también otros atribuibles específicamente a sus roles de aprendiz y tutor.
Reconocimiento de los jóvenes desmovilizados de los grupos armados en Colombia: transiciones y desafíos para las prácticas de orientación escolar
Authors: Bejarano-Sanabria Henry Camilo , Delgado-Salazar Ricardo Mauricio 
Published: February 2019

Este artículo examina cómo los modelos de reconocimiento social contribuyen a las prácticas de orientación escolar de jóvenes desmovilizados de las organizaciones implicadas en el conflicto armado en Colombia, que deciden insertarse al sistema educativo. Los resultados de esta reflexión derivada de investigación se presentan en cuatro apartados.
Lateral Forces in Rolling-Cut Shearing and Their Consequences on Common Edge Defects
Authors: Zeiler Alexander , Steinboeck Andreas , Kugi Andreas , Jochum Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the detailed analysis of the lateral process forces in rolling-cut shearing of heavy steel plates and their impact on edge defects. Rolling-cut shearing is still the most common method of heavy-plate side trimming. However, this method can entail edge defects like uneven longitudinal shape as well as burr and fractures in the area of the cut-changeover (beginning and end of the periodical cuts). In the existing literature, neither the root cause of these edge defects nor their nexus with the upper blade trajectory (blade drive-kinematics) has been analyzed in detail. In this work, these issues will be explored based on the finite element method (FEM) simulations and measurements from an industrial plant. The complex interrelation between drive-kinematics, varying lateral force, unintended lateral motion of the upper blade, unintended variation of the blade clearance, and quality defects is analyzed. The variation of the lateral force is identified as the root cause of such quality defects and a physical explanation for variations of the lateral force is given. The detailed understanding of the shearing process serves as a solid basis for an optimization and re-design of the drive-kinematics in a future work. Measurements from an industrial plant and simulation results show good agreement and thus confirm the theory. The results are transferable to other rolling-cut trimming shears.
Semi-Adaptive Closed-Loop Control for Infusion of Medications With Transport Delay in Clinical Effects
Authors: Jin Xin , Kim Chang-Sei , Shipley Steven T. , Dumont Guy A. , Hahn Jin-Oh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a semi-adaptive closed-loop control approach to autonomous infusion of medications exhibiting significant transport delay in clinical effects. The basic idea of the approach is to enable stable adaptive control of medication infusion by (1) incorporating transport delay explicitly into control design by way of a Padé approximation while (2) facilitating linear parameterization of control design model by desensitization of nonlinearly parameterized cooperativity constant associated with pharmacodynamics (PD). A novel dynamic dose–response model for control design is presented, in which the cooperativity constant exerts zero influence on the model output in the steady-state. Then, an adaptive pole placement control (APPC) technique was employed to fulfill adaptive control design in the presence of nonminimum phase dynamics associated with the Padé approximation of transport delay. The controller was evaluated in silico using a case study of regulating a cardiovascular variable with a sedative under a wide range of transport delay and pharmacological profiles. The results suggest that adaptation of transport delay and pharmacological characteristics may be beneficial in achieving consistent and robust regulation of medication-elicited clinical effects.
Swimming Fast When It Counts: A 7-Year Analysis of Olympic and World Championships Performance
Authors: Mujika Iñigo , Villanueva Luis , Welvaert Marijke , Pyne David B. 
Published: January 2019

Context/Background: International-level swimmers periodize their training to qualify for major championships, then improve further at these events. However, the effects of various factors that could affect performance progressions have not been described systematically. Purpose: To quantify the pattern of change in performance between season best qualifying time and the major championships of the year and to assess the influence of time between performance peaks, ranking at the major events, stroke, event distance, sex, age, and country. Methods: A total of 7832 official competition times recorded at 4 FINA World Championships and 2 Olympic Games between 2011 and 2017 were compared with each swimmer’s season best time prior to the major event of the year. Percentage change in performance was related with the time elapsed between season best and major competition, race event, sex, age, and country using linear mixed modeling. Results: Faster performance (−0.79% [0.67%]; mean [SD]) at the major competition of the year occurred in 38% of all observations vs 62% no change or regression (1.10% [0.88%]). The timing between performance peaks (<34 to >130 d) had little effect on performance progressions (P = .83). Only medal winners (−0.87% [0.91%]), finalists (−0.16% [0.97%]), and US swimmers (−0.44% [1.08%]) progressed between competitions. Stroke, event distance, sex, and age had trivial impact on performance progression. Conclusions: Performance progressions at Olympic Games and World Championships were not determined by timing between performance peaks. Performance progression at a major competition appears necessary to win a medal or make the final, independent of race event, sex, and age.
Do changes in weight status affect cognitive function in children and adolescents with obesity? A secondary analysis of a clinical trial
Authors: Anderson Yvonne C , Kirkpatrick Kaye , Dolan Gerard M S , Wouldes Trecia A , Grant Cameron C , Cave Tami L , Wild Cervantée E K , Derraik José G B , Cutfield Wayne S , Hofman Paul L 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesIt is unclear whether an association exists between obesity in children/adolescents and cognitive function, and whether the latter can be altered by body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) reductions. We aimed to determine whether an association exists between BMI SDS and cognitive function in children/adolescents with obesity engaged in an obesity intervention. Second, we sought to determine if BMI SDS reduction at 12 months was associated with improved cognitive function.DesignSecondary analysis of a clinical trial.ParticipantsParticipants (n=69) were recruited from an obesity intervention. Eligible participants (recruited June 2013 to June 2015) were aged 6–16 years, with a BMI ≥98th centile or BMI >91st centile with weight-related comorbidities.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was change in BMI SDS from baseline at 12 months. Dependent variables of cognitive functioning and school achievement were assessed at baseline and 12 months, using dependent variables of cognitive functioning (elements of Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices, Wide Range Achievement Test-fourth edition and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition).ResultsAt baseline, BMI SDS was not associated with all aspects of cognitive function tested (n=69). Reductions in BMI SDS over time did not alter cognitive function overall. However, there was a greater reduction in comprehension standard scores in participants who increased their BMI SDS (adjusted estimated difference −6.1, 95% CI −11.6 to −0.6; p=0.03).ConclusionsThere were no observed associations between BMI SDS and cognitive function in participants, apart from comprehension in the exploratory analyses, which may have been a random finding. Further studies need to include larger longitudinal cohorts incorporating a wider BMI range at entry to determine whether our findings persist.Trial registration numberANZCTR12611000862943; Pre-results.