bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational‐Level Factors Influencing Suicidal Behaviors Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Noh Dabok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify relational‐level risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents.Study DesignThis study is a secondary data analysis of cross‐sectional national data on Youth Health Behavior collected in June 2017. The final sample (n = 62,276), collected from 2,400 classes in 800 schools, reflects stratification, clustering, and weight. It is representative of the population (n = 3,027,488).MethodsThis study used relational factor variables, including experiences of assault, living with family or not, and adolescents’ confidants. Dependent variables included suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. This study used logistic regression analyses on the complex sample to examine relational‐level risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt.FindingsThe adjusted logistic regression models found that experiences of assault, living with family or not, and adolescents’ confidants were all significantly associated with suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. In particular, 35.3% of victims had thought about suicide seriously, and victims of assault were approximately eight times more likely to attempt suicide compared to nonvictims.ConclusionsThe experience of assault by others was found to be a strongly associated risk factor for suicidal behaviors in adolescents. Living with family and the presence of confidants to talk with were found to be protective factors against suicidal behaviors. To be specific, talking with parents about personal worries and troubles was more protective against suicidal behaviors than talking with a sibling, friend, or teacher.Clinical RelevanceNurses should provide crisis intervention for symptoms of trauma and suicidal behaviors among assault victims. Suicide prevention efforts should focus more on adolescents not living with family. They should also aim to enhance adolescents’ family interactions. Encouraging adolescents to talk with their parents may mitigate the effects of risk factors on suicidal behaviors.
Tooth wear in Swedish adults—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gillborg Susanna , Åkerman Sigvard , Ekberg EwaCarin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTooth wear has been recognised as a growing oral health problem in children and adolescents, with erosion often cited as the main cause of the tooth wear. Most studies on tooth wear have been conducted on children and adolescents, and only few studies focus on adults. Our aim was to study the prevalence of different types of tooth wear in an adult population and investigate related factors to tooth wear.MethodsA total of 831 adults in Sweden participated in the study by completing a questionnaire about oral health, a clinical examination, saliva sample and intraoral photographs. Tooth wear was estimated according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, and the aetiology was determined based on the clinical appearance.ResultsAlmost 80% of the individuals had signs of erosion, and over 90% had signs of attrition. A high level of tooth wear was found in 4.6% of the individuals, few of who reported having received information about both attrition and erosion. Significantly, more men had tooth wear. Daily consumption of fruit had a stronger correlation to tooth wear than acidic drinks.Discussion & ConclusionA high level of tooth wear was found in 4.6% of the individuals, and it was more common in men than women. Aside from attrition, tooth wear due to erosion was a frequent finding in adults. Only a few of the individuals with a high level of tooth wear reported to have received information about tooth wear from their dentist or dental hygienist.
Treatment outcome of supervised exercise, home exercise and bite splint therapy, respectively, in patients with symptomatic disc displacement with reduction: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Wänman Anders , Marklund Susanna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe best treatment strategy for disturbing temporomandibular clicking sounds is not known. The aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise and bite splint therapy, respectively, in patients with symptomatic disc displacement with reduction. The study was a randomised clinical trial of subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking sounds with a reported severity/intensity of ≥4 on a numerical rating scale (0‐10) and signs fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) for disc displacement with reduction. Thirty subjects each were randomised to bite splint, home exercise, or supervised exercise programme at the clinic. Two examiners (authors), blinded to the treatment modality, examined the same subject at baseline and at a 3‐month follow‐up. Non‐parametric statistical methods were applied for analyses. A P‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant. The dropout rate was highest in the home exercise group. About 50% of the participants reported improvement of their TMJ sounds with no significant difference between treatments. In the supervised exercise and the bite splint groups, approximately 2/3 of the patients reported 30% or more improvement of their TMJ sounds and half reported 50% improvement or more. The supervised exercise group also showed reductions in TMD pain, neck disability, mood disturbances and somatisation. Jaw exercise programmes and bite splint treatments had positive effects on TMJ clicking. The supervised exercise programme had an additional effect on the subject's well‐being and thus may help to encourage patient's empowerment and coping strategies.
Intra‐oral trigeminal‐mediated sensations influencing taste perception: A systematic review
Authors: Braud Adeline , Boucher Yves 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFood perception is a multimodal sensation which implies cross‐modal interplays. Tactile, thermal, painful and kinaesthetic stimuli arising from food intake may impact on flavour perception, especially taste perception. The influence of oral somatosensory signals on food taste perception remains unclear. The aim of the present systematic review was to appraise the effects of oral mechanical, thermal, chemical and pain sensations on taste perception. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search of the literature from 1968 to 2018 was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and clinical trials (PROSPERO registration reference: CRD42018100176). A total of 105 articles were included for analysis. The results from this review suggest that taste abilities and taste perception are frequently modified by food textural and chemical properties. Furthermore, saliva features, dental and prosthetic status and oral pain can also modulate taste perception. Biological and physiological phenomena underlying these results may be involved such as tastant release, tastant detection, taste transduction and central trigemino‐gustatory interplays.
The sociolinguistics of late modern publics
Authors: Heyd Theresa , Schneider Britta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis issue examines struggles over public discursive power in late modern society, understanding that late modern publics are characterized by a destabilization of formerly unmarked public authorities, in other words, an unsettling of standardized “voices from nowhere” (Gal & Woolard, 2001). The contributions to the issue illustrate traditional social and academic elites’ discursive reactions to such developments. In the introduction, we outline different theoretical frameworks of modern and late‐modern publics, identify factors that contribute to a destabilization of modern certainties of social public order, and argue that a weakening of traditional public norms not only implies emancipation but also, as the contributions to the issue demonstrate, may bring along new forms of public dominance. For the positioning of contemporary sociolinguistic theory and practice, we conclude that it is the crucial task of the current public moment to critically self‐engage with our own relations with, and ideologies of, the public.Dieses Themenheft befragt Strukturen öffentlicher Diskursmacht in spätmoderner Gesellschaft und zeigt auf, dass spätmoderne Öffentlichkeit durch eine Destabilisierung von vormals unmarkierten Autoritäten ist, in anderen Worten, von standardisierten “voices from nowhere” (Gal & Woolard, 2001). Die Beiträge illustrieren Reaktionen traditioneller sozialer und akademischer Eliten hierauf. In dieser Einleitung skizzieren wir verschiedene theoretische Zugänge zu moderner und spätmoderner Öffentlichkeit, identifizieren Faktoren, die zu einer Destabilisierung von sozialen Gewissheiten der Moderne beitragen und legen dar, dass eine Schwächung traditioneller öffentlichen Normen nicht nur soziale Emanzipation impliziert sondern, wie die Beiträge zu diesem Heft zeigen, auch neue Formen öffentlicher Dominanz hervorbringt. In Bezug auf zeitgenössische soziolinguistische Theorie und Praxis schlussfolgern wir daraus, dass es im aktuellen öffentlichen Kontext eine zentrale Aufgabe der Soziolinguistik ist, sich kritisch mit den eigenen Beziehungen zu und Ideologien von Öffentlichkeit befassen. Das Themenheft soll zu dieser Auseinandersetzung beitragen.
Generalist Life Cycle Aids Persistence of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in Seasonal Coastal Habitats of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Jerney Jacqueline , Ahonen Salla Annika , Hakanen Päivi , Suikkanen Sanna , Kremp Anke 
Published: September 2019

In seasonal environments, strong gradients of environmental parameters can shape life cycles of phytoplankton. Depending on the rate of environmental fluctuation, specialist or generalist strategies may be favored, potentially affecting life cycle transitions. The present study examined life cycle transitions of the toxin producing Baltic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii and their regulation by environmental factors (temperature and nutrients). This investigation aimed to determine whether genetic recombination of different strains is required for resting cyst formation and whether newly formed cysts are dormant. Field data (temperature and salinity) and sediment surface samples were collected from a site with recurrent blooms and germination and encystment experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Results indicate a lack of seasonal germination pattern, set by an endogenous rhythm, as commonly found with other dinoflagellates from the Baltic Sea. Germination of quiescent cysts was triggered by temperatures exceeding 10°C and combined nutrient limitation of nitrogen and phosphorus or a drop in temperature from 16 to 10°C triggered encystment most efficiently. Genetic recombination was not mandatory for the formation of resting cysts, but supported higher numbers of resistant cysts and enhanced germination capacity after a resting period. Findings from this study confirm that A. ostenfeldii follows a generalist germination and cyst formation strategy, driven by strong seasonality, which may support its persistence and possibly expansion in marginal environments in the future, if higher temperatures facilitate a longer growth season.
Phylogenomic analyses of thePhotiniacomplex support the recognition of a new genusPhippsiomelesand the resurrection of a redefinedStranvaesiain Maleae (Rosaceae)
Authors: Liu Bin‐Bin , Hong De‐Yuan , Zhou Shi‐Liang , Xu Chao , Dong Wen‐Pan , Johnson Gabriel , Wen Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotiniaand its morphologically similar allies in Maleae (Rosaceae) consist of five currently recognized genera:Aronia, Heteromeles, Photinia, Pourthiaea, andStranvaesia, and 68 species, distributed in Asia and North and Central America. Despite previous efforts to clarify relationships in this group, the generic delimitations have remained uncertain. Our goals were to reconstruct a robust phylogeny ofPhotiniaand its close allies to test the monophyly of the currently recognized genera, especiallyPhotiniaandStranvaesia, and the hybrid origin hypothesis ofPhotinia bodinieri. This study employs complete plastomes and the entire nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) repeats assembled from the genome skimming approach with a broad taxon sampling of 81 species in 30 genera of Rosaceae, especially Maleae. Based on three datasets, including the whole plastome, coding sequence, and nrDNA repeats, the results of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses showed that the previously circumscribedStranvaesiaandPhotiniawere each non‐monophyletic. Six clades have been recovered herein withinPhotiniaand its allied genera:Aronia, Heteromeles, Photinias.s.,Pourthiaea, Stranvaesia, and a new genusPhippsiomelesconsisting of the Central American species formerly placed inPhotinia. The strong conflicts between the plastome and nrDNA phylogenies ofPhippsiomelesandStranvaesia tomentosasuggest the possibility that they may have each originated involving hybridization events, while no incongruence among datasets was detected to support the hybrid origin ofPhotinia bodinieri. We provide 12 new combinations, to transfer eight taxa of the New WorldPhotiniaintoPhippsiomelesand clarify the generic placements of several species ofPhotiniaandStranvaesia.
The testing of people with any risk factor for hepatitis C in community pharmacies is cost‐effective
Authors: Buchanan Ryan , Cooper Keith , Grellier Leonie , Khakoo Salim I. , Parkes Julie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNew antiviral drugs with high efficacy mean the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can now be eliminated. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify undiagnosed cases of HCV. However, the costs of testing should be considered when judging the overall cost‐effectiveness of treatment. This study describes the cost‐effectiveness of a community pharmacy testing service in a population of people at risk of HCV living on the Isle of Wight (United Kingdom). Dry blood spot testing was conducted in anyone with a known risk factor for HCV in 20 community pharmacies. The outcomes and costs were entered into a Markov model. Cost and health utilities from the model were used to calculate an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). In 24 months, 186 tests were conducted, 13 were positive for HCV RNA and six of these (46%) received treatment during the follow‐up period. All achieved a sustained virological response at 3 months. The overall cost of the testing and treatment intervention was £242 183, and the ICER for the service was £3689 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained. If screening had been restricted to just people with a history of injecting drug use (PWID) the ICER would have been £4865 per QALY gained. The service was effective at identifying people with HCV infection, and despite the additional cost of targeted testing, its cost‐effectiveness was below the commonly accepted thresholds. In this setting, restricting targeted testing to PWID would not improve the cost‐effectiveness.
Safety and efficacy of coblopasvir and sofosbuvir in patients with genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 HCV infections without or with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Rao Huiying , Song Guangjun , Li Guangming , Yang Yongfeng , Wu Xiaofeng , Guan Yujuan , Mao Qing , Jiang Xiangjun , Wang Changyuan , Zhang Ying , Jia Jidong , Guo Xiaolin , Li Chenghao , Ning Jing , Qin Hong , Pan Hai , Wei Lai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple, pangenotypic and effective treatment regimen for patients with a broad range of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remains an unmet medical need. We conducted a phase 2, randomized, open study involving untreated patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, or 6 infections. Patients without cirrhosis were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive capsules of the NS5A inhibitor coblopasvir at a dose of 30 or 60 mg plus tablets of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir (400 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. Patients with cirrhosis received 60 mg coblopasvir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12). Of the 110 patients who were enrolled in the study, 59 were male, 62.7% had HCV genotype 1, 24.5% had genotype 2, 6.4% had genotype 3, and 6.4% had genotype 6. The average age was 45.5 years. A total of 10.9% of patients had compensated cirrhosis. The rate of SVR12 was 98.2% in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT). One genotype 6 patient with cirrhosis experienced virologic relapse. One genotype 2 patient without cirrhosis failed to complete the follow‐up and quit the study. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 2 patients and were not related to coblopasvir and sofosbuvir. Most adverse events (AEs) did not require treatment. Coblopasvir plus sofosbuvir taken once daily for 12 weeks provided high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) and had a good safety profile among patients with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, or 6 infections, including those with compensated cirrhosis.
Gap junctions regulate vessel diameter in chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature by both tone‐dependent and structural mechanisms
Authors: Maibier Martin , Bintig Willem , Goede Andrean , Höpfner Michael , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Secomb Timothy W. , Nitzsche Bianca , Pries Axel R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we examined the impact of gap junction blockade on chick chorioallantoic membrane microvessels.MethodsExpression of Cx37, Cx40/42, and Cx43 in chick chorioallantoic membrane tissue was studied by PCR, Western blot, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Vessel diameter changes occurring under gap junction blockade with carbenoxolone (175 µmol/L), palmitoleic acid (100 µmol/L), 43GAP27 (1 mmol/L) were analyzed by intravital microscopy. To analyze vascular tone, chick chorioallantoic membrane vessels were exposed to a vasodilator cocktail consisting of acetylcholine (10 μmol/L), adenosine (100 μmol/L), papaverine (200 μmol/L), and sodium nitroprusside (10 μmol/L).ResultsIn chick chorioallantoic membrane lysates, Western blot analysis revealed the expression of Cx40 and Cx43. Immunofluorescence in intact chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature showed only Cx43, limited to arterial vessel walls. Upon gap junction blockade (3 hours) arterial and venous diameters decreased to 0.50 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.06 (carbenoxolone), 0.72 ± 0.08 and 0.63 ± 0.15 (palmitoleic acid) and 0.77 ± 0.004 and 0.58 ± 0.05 (GAP27), relative to initial values. Initially, diameter decrease was dominated by increasing vascular tone. After 6 hours, however, vessel tone was reduced, suggesting structural network remodeling.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a major role for connexins in mediating acute and chronic diameter changes in developing vascular networks.
Assessing the hemodynamic contribution of capillaries, arterioles, and collateral arteries to vascular adaptations in arterial insufficiency
Authors: Arciero Julia , Lembcke Lauren , Burch Myson , Franko Elizabeth , Unthank Joseph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere is currently a lack of clarity regarding which vascular segments contribute most significantly to flow compensation following a major arterial occlusion. This study uses hemodynamic principles and computational modeling to demonstrate the relative contributions of capillaries, arterioles, and collateral arteries at rest or exercise following an abrupt, total, and sustained femoral arterial occlusion.MethodsThe vascular network of the simulated rat hindlimb is based on robust measurements of blood flow and pressure in healthy rats from exercise and training studies. The sensitivity of calf blood flow to acute or chronic vascular adaptations in distinct vessel segments is assessed.ResultsThe model demonstrates that decreasing the distal microcirculation resistance has almost no effect on flow compensation, while decreasing collateral arterial resistance is necessary to restore resting calf flow following occlusion. Full restoration of non‐occluded flow is predicted under resting conditions given all chronic adaptations, but only 75% of non‐occluded flow is restored under exercise conditions.ConclusionThis computational method establishes the hemodynamic significance of acute and chronic adaptations in the microvasculature and collateral arteries under rest and exercise conditions. Regardless of the metabolic level being simulated, this study consistently shows the dominating significance of collateral vessels following an occlusion.
Framework for city‐scale building seismic resilience simulation and repair scheduling with labor constraints driven by time–history analysis
Authors: Xiong Chen , Huang Jin , Lu Xinzheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA city‐scale time–history analysis‐driven framework is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of building seismic resilience and repair scheduling with repair resource constraints. First, a calculation method for the post‐earthquake residual functionality of buildings based on engineering demand parameters is proposed. Second, the repair‐scheduling unit (RSU) concept is proposed for city‐scale repair scheduling. Moreover, two repair priority indices are introduced to evaluate the repair priority of each RSU. Next, the concept of job block is proposed to compute the repair time of an RSU with insufficient repair resources. Subsequently, the workflow of repair simulation is presented to calculate the community recovery curve and resilience index quantitatively. Finally, 68,930 residential buildings of Beijing City's 16 administrative districts are simulated to demonstrate the proposed method. The outcomes of this work are expected to be a useful reference for building seismic resilience evaluation and repair scheduling of communities. Consequently, it could be an aid to pre‐earthquake disaster risk reduction planning and post‐earthquake rapid recovery of building functionalities.