bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of behavioural risk factors for health in UK adults in 2016: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Birch Jack , Petty Robert , Hooper Lucie , Bauld Linda , Rosenberg Gillian , Vohra Jyotsna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Foods high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) are known to contribute to overweight and obesity. In addition to overweight and obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are known risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including several cancers and cardiovascular disease.

Methods
Secondary analysis of UK-representative cross-sectional survey data of 3293 adults aged 18+. Regression analyses were undertaken to understand the relationship between consumption of HFSS food and soft drinks, alcohol and tobacco and socio-demographics. Clustering analysis identified groupings of health risk factors.

Results
Males, those aged 18–24 and those from the more deprived groups consumed ready meals and fast food most frequently. Most of the sample (77.3%) engaged in at least one health risk behaviour. Six clusters were identified in the clustering analysis. Older (65+) female respondents were more likely to be inactive. Smokers exhibiting additional risk behaviours were more likely to be of working age from more deprived groups, and men over 65 were more likely to consume harmful levels of alcohol with additional risk factors.

Conclusion
Policies and services in the UK tend to focus on changing behaviour to address individual risk factors. This study shows that policies and interventions need to address multiple risk factors.
An extension of orthogonality relations based on norm derivatives
Authors: Zamani Ali , Moslehian Mohammad Sal 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We introduce the relation ρλ-orthogonality in the setting of normed spaces as an extension of some orthogonality relations based on norm derivatives and present some of its essential properties. Among other things, we give a characterization of inner product spaces via the functional ρλ. Moreover, we consider a class of linear mappings preserving this new kind of orthogonality. In particular, we show that a linear mapping preserving ρλ-orthogonality has to be a similarity, that is, a scalar multiple of an isometry.
Social Norms and Household Savings Rates in China
Authors: Chen Yvonne Jie , Chen Zhiwu , He Shijun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study the effects of Confucian social norms on savings rates in China. In our simple two-period model, parents have the option to invest in either a risk-free asset or their children’s human capital. We assume that the filial piety norms and thus the enforcement mechanisms for supporting old-age parents differ across regions. Consequently, the probability of children’s non-performance of their repayment obligations to parents and the returns parents can expect from investing in their children vary. We test the model predictions using data from the China Household Finance Survey. We find that stronger Confucian social norms reduce the gap in the savings rate between families with sons and with daughters. Modeling default by children as a function of the prevailing social norms gives us the flexibility to study the impacts of declining Confucian influence on consumption–savings trends in China.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENT RADIATION DOSES IN DIGITAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Al-Jabri Amna J , Alzimami Khalid , Alsafi K , Alaamer Abdulaziz S , Al-Rajhi M A , Suliman I I 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study sought to assess patient and operator eye lens doses in diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in a University hospital in Oman. Kerma area product (PkA), cumulative air kerma (CAK) and fluoroscopic time (FT) were retrospectively recorded from the DICOM header for 264 patients. The median (interquartile range) of FT, PKA and CAK were: 5.3 min (2.6–10.5), 60.9 Gy cm2 (41.3–91.4) and 0.86 Gy (0.61–1.29), respectively, for DCA procedures, and they were 20.2 min (13.3–30.1), 174.0 Gy cm2 (113.7–253.3) and 2.6 Gy (1.8–3.9), respectively, for PCI procedures. The results revealed wide variability in patient doses among individual patients. Monitoring and recording patient dose data can be valuable for quality assurance and patient safety purposes. Feedback to the operator may help optimize radiation doses to patients and prompt further action, as needed.
MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF‐β–activated kinase 1‐dependent activation of the transcription factor EB
Authors: Liu Xiaojia , Zhang Na , Liu Yang , Liu Lu , Zeng Qingxuan , Yin Mingxiao , Wang Yanxiang , Song Danqing , Deng Hongbin 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTLysosome has a crucial role in clearance of endocytosed pathogens from the cell. Small molecules that can boost lysosome function and bactericidal ability to cope with subsequent infection are urgently needed. Here, we report that MPB, a novel berberine derivative, induced lysosome‐based degradation and clearance of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in macrophages. MPB caused nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which boosted expression of lysosome genes. TFEB silencing repressed the MPB‐mediated enhancements in degradation and bacterial eradication. MPB switched on TFEB nuclear translocation by coupling 2 parallel signaling pathways. MPB‐triggered JNK activation led to 14‐3‐3δ being released from TFEB, which, in turn, caused TFEB nuclear translocation. In addition, MPB induced AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin activity, which also contributed to TFEB nuclear translocation. Importantly, genetical or pharmaceutical inhibition of TGF‐β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) reduced MPB action remarkably. MPB acted through TAK1 at lysine 158 to activate JNK and AMPK and, thus, induced TFEB‐dependent bactericidal activity in macrophages. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which MPB controls JNK and AMPK phosphorylation cascades to activate lysosomal function and bactericidal activity via TAK1 K158–dependent manner, which may offer insight into novel therapeutic strategies to control bacterial infection.—Liu, X., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Zeng, Q., Yin, M., Wang, Y., Song, D., Deng, H. MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF‐β–activated kinase 1‐dependent activation of the transcription factor EB. FASEB J. 33, 1468–1481 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Intervention Descriptions in Medical Education: What Can Be Improved? A Systematic Review and Checklist
Authors: Meinema Jennita G. , Buwalda Nienke , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi S. , Visser Mechteld R.M. , van Dijk Nynke 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Many medical education studies focus on the effectiveness of educational interventions. However, these studies often lack clear, thorough descriptions of interventions that would make the interventions replicable. This systematic review aimed to identify gaps and limitations in the descriptions of educational interventions, using a comprehensive checklist.

Method
Based on the literature, the authors developed a checklist of 17 criteria for thorough descriptions of educational interventions in medical education. They searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and ERIC databases for eligible English-language studies published January 2014–March 2016 that evaluated the effects of educational interventions during classroom teaching in postgraduate medical education. Subsequently, they used this checklist to systematically review the included studies. Descriptions were scored 0 (no information), 1 (unclear/partial information), or 2 (detailed description) for each of the 16 scorable criteria (possible range 0–32).

Results
Among the 105 included studies, the criteria most frequently reported in detail were learning needs (78.1%), content/subject (77.1%), and educational strategies (79.0%). The criteria least frequently reported in detail were incentives (9.5%), environment (5.7%), and planned and unplanned changes (12.4%). No article described all criteria. The mean score was 15.9 (SD 4.1), with a range from 8 (5 studies) to 25 (1 study). The majority (76.2%) of articles scored 11–20.

Conclusions
Descriptions were frequently missing key information and lacked uniformity. The results suggest a need for a common standard. The authors encourage others to validate, complement, and use their checklist, which could lead to more complete, comparable, and replicable descriptions of educational interventions.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates for Perioperative Vitamin K Antagonist and Non–vitamin K Anticoagulant Reversal
Authors: Levy Jerrold H. , Douketis James , Steiner Thorsten , Goldstein Joshua N. , Milling Truman J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Vitamin K antagonist therapy is associated with an increased bleeding risk, and clinicians often reverse anticoagulation in patients who require emergency surgical procedures. Current guidelines for rapid anticoagulation reversal for emergency surgery recommend four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K coadministration. The authors reviewed the current evidence on prothrombin complex concentrate treatment for vitamin K antagonist reversal in the perioperative setting, focusing on comparative studies and in the context of intracranial hemorrhage and cardiac surgery. The authors searched Cochrane Library and PubMed between January 2008 and December 2017 and retrieved 423 English-language papers, which they then screened for relevance to the perioperative setting; they identified 36 papers to include in this review. Prothrombin complex concentrate therapy was consistently shown to reduce international normalized ratio rapidly and control bleeding effectively. In comparative studies with plasma, prothrombin complex concentrate use was associated with a greater proportion of patients achieving target international normalized ratios rapidly, with improved hemostasis. No differences in thromboembolic event rates were seen between prothrombin complex concentrate and plasma, with prothrombin complex concentrate also demonstrating a lower risk of fluid overload events. Overall, the studies the authors reviewed support current recommendations favoring prothrombin complex concentrate therapy in patients requiring vitamin K antagonist reversal before emergency surgery.
Hearing Protector Attenuation and Noise Exposure Among Metal Manufacturing Workers
Authors: Sayler Stephanie K. , Rabinowitz Peter M. , Galusha Deron , Sun Kan , Neitzel Richard L. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
This study utilized personal noise measurements and fit-testing to evaluate the association between noise exposures and personal attenuation rating (PAR) values among participating workers, and second, to compare the attenuated exposure levels received by the workers and the British Standards Institute’s recommended noise exposure range of 70 to 80 dBA.

Design:
We measured hearing protection device (HPD) attenuation among a sample of 91 workers at 2 US metal manufacturing facilities, through performance of personal noise dosimetry measurements and HPD fit-testing over multiple work shifts. We compared this testing with participant questionnaires and annual audiometric hearing threshold results.

Results:
The average 8-hr time-weighted average noise exposures for study participants was 79.8 dBA (SD = 7.0 dBA), and the average PAR from fit-testing was 20.1 dB (±6.7 dB). While differences existed between sites, 84% of the 251 PAR measurements resulted in effective protection levels below the recommended 70 dBA (indicating overprotection), while workers were underprotected (i.e., effective exposures >80 dBA) during <1% of monitored shifts. Our results also demonstrated a significant positive relationship between measured noise exposure and PAR among non–custom-molded plug users (p = 0.04). Non–custom-molded plug wearers also showed a significant increase in PAR by sequential fit-test interaction (p = 0.01), where on average, subsequent fit-testing resulted in increasingly higher HPD attenuation. Workers at site 1 showed higher PARs. PARs were significantly related to race, even when adjusting for site location. While age, hearing threshold level, task, and self-reported tinnitus showed no significant effect on individual PAR in an unadjusted model, site, race, and sand- or water-blasting activities were significant predictors in adjusted models. Within-worker variability in time-weighted averages and PARs across repeated measurements was substantially lower than variability between workers.

Conclusions:
Careful selection of HPDs is necessary to minimize instances of overprotection to workers in low and moderate occupational noise environments. The use of fit-testing in hearing conservation programs to evaluate PAR is recommended to avoid overprotection from noise exposure while also minimizing instances of under-attenuation.
Effectiveness of Interventions Teaching Cross-Cultural Competencies to Health-Related Professionals With Work Experience: A Systematic Review
Authors: Filmer Tobias , Herbig Britta 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Because of the increasing diversity in society, health professionals are working with patients from many different cultural backgrounds. Interventions to improve culture-specific competencies in health care have been shown to be successful. However, there is an increasing demand for continuing professional development in general cross-cultural competencies that do not focus on specific cultures. Previous reviews do not differentiate between general cross-cultural and culturally specific competencies. This review assesses the effectiveness of interventions that aim to increase cross-cultural competencies in health professionals.

Methods:
Databases were searched systematically to identify quantitative and qualitative studies that focus on cross-cultural competencies in health care professions. Two independent raters used an assessment tool (Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs, QATSDD) to rate the quality of the results.

Results:
Thirty-one of 34 identified studies described cross-cultural competency interventions to be effective in terms of participants' satisfaction with the interventions and self-rated knowledge improvement. Nineteen studies relied exclusively on subjective assessment methods. Most of them reported significant findings, whereas results from five studies with independent ratings or objective assessments were mostly not significant. Many studies lacked in providing sufficient data on intervention descriptions.

Discussion:
Cross-cultural competency interventions seem to be effective—according to self-ratings by participants. However, the definitions of cultural competency, the objectiveness of measurements, and the types of study outcomes were varied. To evaluate the success of cross-cultural competency interventions, more evidence from objective, behavioral assessments is needed. Studies should investigate the differential impact of various intervention types and need to provide detailed reporting on methods and outcomes.
Professional Identity Formation in HIV Care: Development of Clinician Scholars in a Longitudinal, Mentored Training Program
Authors: Carlberg-Racich Suzanne , Wagner Cornelia M. J. , Alabduljabbar Salma A. , Rivero Ricardo , Hasnain Memoona , Sherer Renslow , Linsk Nathan L. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
The Clinician Scholars Program is designed to improve the capacity and quality of HIV care by training clinicians in underserved areas. A mentoring approach is used to deliver individualized educational opportunities over the course of a year focused on preparing clinicians to provide high-quality patient-centered HIV care. Evaluation of the program has illustrated increases in knowledge, skills, and practice behavior, yet critical domains remain unexplored, particularly the potential for the program to affect professional identity formation and networking between individual clinicians.

Methods:
Qualitative exit interviews (N = 50) were conducted over 4 years of the Clinician Scholars Program. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an open-coding process with multiple coders. Interrater reliability was assessed. Themes related to professional development and networking emerged.

Results:
Thematic analysis revealed changes in several professional development domains, including self-efficacy, HIV care clinician identity, and career development. In addition, clinicians began to develop key connections with mentors, other clinicians, and health systems—gaining a foundation in the HIV care community, enabled and strengthened by growth in professional confidence and competence within the clinician's care context.

Discussion:
Evaluations of clinical training programs often focus on knowledge and skill gains without addressing professional identity development and place within the care community. This study illustrates that a longitudinal clinician training program has the potential to influence professional identify development, particularly affect how clinicians view themselves as a resource in the HIV care community and begins to facilitate necessary connections to other clinicians and the wider care system.
Developing an Innovative Statewide Infrastructure and Model for Delivering Continuing Interprofessional Education: The North Carolina AHEC Initiative
Authors: Rogers Russet R. , Owen John A. , Lake Donna M. , Durham Carol Fowler , Latham Tina G. , Sherwood Gwen , Golding Christopher S. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
North Carolina AHEC (NC AHEC) leadership recognized that continuing interprofessional education (CIPE) is vital for improving patient care and outcomes. Rather than train and educate in professional silos, interprofessional education presented an opportunity to reframe continuing education (CE) to improve the integration of care delivery and outcomes.

Methods:
In April 2014, two regional AHECs collaborated to design a statewide initiative for AHEC CE leaders, CE professionals, and CE faculty to learn about integrating interprofessional education into CE planning and implementation. The design of this innovative initiative develops a common knowledge base in CIPE, promotes collaboration, avoids duplication, and creates shared definitions and standards to advance CIPE across the NC AHEC program.

Results:
The NC AHEC CIPE Initiative drew participation from CE leaders, CE professionals, and CE faculty. Immediately after the completion of the Initiative, seven AHECs completed CIPE events. By June 2017, AHECs across the state had offered a total of 36 CIPE events.

Discussion:
The NC AHEC CIPE Initiative demonstrates that it is possible to implement CIPE programming in a regional CE context. The education model promoted changes in knowledge, competence, and performance of CE professionals and faculty. Critical success factors include leadership support, functioning as a community of practice, engaging experts to train CE professionals and faculty, and using technology to span geographic distance of learners.
Correlation Between Visual Function and Performance of Simulated Daily Living Activities in Glaucomatous Patients
Authors: Lombardi Marco , Zenouda Ariel , Azoulay-sebban Line , Lebrisse Marie , Gutman Emmanuel , Brasnu Emmanuelle , Hamard Pascale , Sahel José-Alain , Baudouin Christophe , Labbé Antoine 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To analyze the correlations between functional clinical tests and the performance of glaucoma patients in simulated daily living activities.

Patients and Methods:
Thirty-two patients with chronic glaucoma, followed at the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, were included. All patients had a clinical evaluation of visual function including best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and monocular and binocular visual field (VF) tests. Four different simulated activities of daily living were evaluated in standardized artificial platforms (StreetLab and HomeLab): “mobility” and an obstacle avoidance task in an artificial street, “reaching and grasping” large and small objects on a kitchen work surface, “localization of people” and “face orientation recognition.” Patient performance in the different tasks was correlated with VF evaluation including integrated binocular visual field (IVF), VF mean deviation (MD) of the better and the worse eye, Esterman binocular VF, best-corrected visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity.

Results:
The IVF score was significantly correlated with “localization of people” time (r=0.49; P=0.003), “face orientation recognition” time (r=0.50; P=0.002), and “movement onset” for reaching and grasping small objects (r=0.38; P=0.029). The MD of the better eye appeared significantly correlated with “face orientation recognition” time (r=−0.44; P=0.009) and “localization of people” time (r=−0.46; P=0.005). The Esterman score appeared significantly correlated with “mobility time” (r=−0.40; P=0.018), “localization of people” (r=−0.37; P=0.030), “face orientation recognition” times (r=−0.39; P=0.024), and “movement onset” for reaching and grasping large objects (r=−0.43; P=0.015).

Conclusions:
The IVF score and the MD of the better eye appeared to better evaluate “reaching and grasping,” “face orientation recognition,” and “localization of people” simulated tasks, whereas for the “mobility” task, the Esterman VF seemed more useful. The precise evaluation of the glaucoma patient’s ability to perform everyday life tasks is complex and may require both monocular and binocular VF tests.
Relationships Between Specific Functional Abilities and Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Goulet Julien , Richard-Denis Andréane , Thompson Cynthia , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between specific functional abilities assessed from the third version of the Spinal Cord Injury Measure and health-related quality of life after a traumatic spinal cord injury.

Design
A prospective cohort of 195 patients who had sustained a traumatic spinal cord injury from C1 to L1 and consecutively admitted to a single level 1 spinal cord injury–specialized trauma center between April 2010 and September 2016 was studied. Correlation coefficients were calculated between Spinal Cord Injury Measure scores and Short Form 36 version 2 summary scores (physical component score; mental component score).

Results
The total Spinal Cord Injury Measure score correlated moderately with the physical component score in the entire cohort, correlated strongly with physical component score in tetraplegics, did not correlate with physical component score in paraplegics, and did not correlate with mental component score. Mobility subgroup and individual items scores showed the strongest correlations with the physical component score in the entire cohort, followed by self-care and sphincter management.

Conclusions
This work is significant being the first to determine which specific functional abilities are mostly related to health-related quality of life and highlights the differences between tetraplegic and paraplegic patients. Our findings could help clinicians to guide rehabilitation plan based on importance of specific functional abilities in relationship with the health-related quality of life.