bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GREEN SDN — An enhanced paradigm of SDN: Review, taxonomy, and future directions
Authors: Moin Sana , Karim Ahmad , Safdar Kalsoom , Iqbal Iqra , Safdar Zanab , Vijayakumar V. , Ahmed K. T. , Abid S. A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryNetwork architectures nowadays are not able to address the requirements of future Internet, as they are not sufficient, ossified, and are power hungry on the TCP/IP paradigm. Therefore, to promote the realizable progression toward the new paradigms and modern protocols, modern routers are required to become programmable for the flexible control and dynamic management of both power states and traffic flows. In this scenario, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is considered as an exemplary approach for providing the support of dynamic traffic flows of each node on a network. Besides the benefits that SDN brought to the networking area, there are still crucial challenges such as to design an effective, lightweight API, rich algorithms, and traffic forwarding rules for SDN layers along with the adoption of an energy efficient infrastructure that could have the least effect on the environment. The aim of this research is to drive the attention toward environment friendly adoption and implementation of SDN that could deal with the growing number of users and network equipment. For this purpose, in this research, a comprehensive review on SDN while mapping the characteristics of green computing with SDN is provided. In addition to that, the research stressed on the benefits of Green SDN through a proposed G‐SDN framework. Some well‐defined case studies are presented to highlight the need of greening an SDN infrastructure. Finally, various research directions are presented to the wide adoption of SDN technology for academia and industry alike.
Influence of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Esomeprazole on the Bioavailability of Regorafenib: A Randomized Crossover Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: de Man Femke M. , Hussaarts Koen G.A.M. , de With Mirjam , Oomen‐de Hoop Esther , de Bruijn Peter , van Halteren Henk K. , van der Burg‐de Graauw Nicole C.H.P. , Eskens Ferry A.L.M. , van Gelder Teun , van Leeuwen Roelof W.F. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. 
Published: December 2018

Regorafenib exposure could potentially be influenced by an interaction with acid‐reducing drugs. In this crossover trial, patients were randomized into two sequence groups consisting of three phases: regorafenib intake alone, regorafenib with concomitant esomeprazole, and regorafenib with esomeprazole 3 hours prior. The primary end point was the relative difference (RD) in geometric means for regorafenib 0–24‐hour area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0–24h) and was analyzed by a linear mixed model in 14 patients. AUC0–24h for regorafenib alone was 55.9 μg·hour/mL (coefficient of variance (CV): 40%), and for regorafenib with concomitant esomeprazole or with esomeprazole 3 hours prior AUC0–24h was 53.7 μg·hour/mL (CV: 34%) and 53.6 μg·hour/mL (CV: 43%), respectively. No significant differences were identified when regorafenib alone was compared with regorafenib with concomitant esomeprazole (RD: −3.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): −20.5 to 16.1%; P = 1.0) or regorafenib with esomeprazole 3 hours prior (RD: −4.1%; 95% CI: −22.8 to 19.2%; P = 1.0). These findings indicate that regorafenib and esomeprazole can be safely combined in clinical practice.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Space‐Efficient SnO2 Underlayers for BiVO4 Host–Guest Architectures for Photoassisted Water Splitting
Authors: Lamm Benjamin , Zhou Lite , Rao Pratap , Stefik Morgan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is promising for solar‐assisted water splitting. The performance of BiVO4 is limited by charge separation for >70 nm films or by light harvesting for <700 nm films. To resolve this mismatch, host–guest architectures use thin film coatings on 3D scaffolds. Recombination, however, is exacerbated at the extended host–guest interface. Underlayers are used to limit this recombination with a host‐underlayer‐guest series. Such underlayers consume precious pore volume where typical SnO2 underlayers are optimized with 65–80 nm. In this study, conformal and ultrathin SnO2 underlayers with low defect density are produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This shifts the optimized thickness to just 8 nm with significantly improved space efficiency. The materials chemistry thus determines the dimension optimization. Lastly, host–guest architectures are shown to have an applied bias photon‐to‐charge efficiency of 0.71 %, a new record for a photoanode absorber prepared by ALD.
Honeycomb‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon 3D Nanoweb@Li2S Cathode Material for Use in Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Yoongon , Han Hyunsu , Noh Yuseong , Bae Jaejin , Ham Moon‐Ho , Kim Won Bae 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrent lithium‐ion batteries have a low theoretical capacity that is insufficient for use in emerging electric vehicles and energy‐storage systems. The development of lithium‐sulfur batteries utilizing Li2S cathodes would be a promising option to overcome the capacity limitation. In this work, new three‐dimensional (3D) honeycomb‐like N‐doped carbon nanowebs (HCNs) have been synthesized through a facile aqueous solution route for use as a cathode material in lithium‐sulfur batteries. The Li2S@HCNs cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of approximately 815 mAh g−1 after 65 cycles at 0.1 C, along with a superior rate capacity of approximately 568 mAh g−1 even at 2 C. The outstanding electrochemical rate performance is ascribed to their unique 3D honeycomb‐like nanoweb structure, consisting of nanowires derived from polypyrrole. These properties greatly enhance the electrochemical reaction kinetics by providing efficient electron pathways and hollow channels for electrolyte transport. Nitrogen doping in the carbon nanowebs also considerably improves the chemisorption properties by tuning affinity between sulfur and oxygen functional groups on the carbon framework. The simple synthesis strategy and the resulting unique electrode structure could present a new avenue in nanostructure research for high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
The utility of upper urinary tract urine cytology before and after application of the Paris system
Authors: Simon Caroline Talsma , Skala Stephanie L. , Magers Martin J. , Weizer Alon , Kaffenberger Samuel D. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Spratt Daniel E. , Montgomery Jeffrey , Mehra Rohit , Lew Madelyn 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Paris System (TPS) introduced diagnostic criteria for urine cytology to improve reproducibility among pathologists. Thus far, most cytology studies have investigated application of TPS on lower urinary tract specimens. Also, it is unclear which cytologic features are most predictive of malignancy, particularly in the upper urinary tract. We evaluate concordance rates of preoperative upper urinary tract cytology specimens before and after application of TPS criteria with surgical resections and assess cytologic features associated with malignancy.Design54 resections with high‐ and low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC, LGUC) from 2000‐2016 with available preoperative cytology (n = 61) were identified. Cytology was re‐reviewed to evaluate cytologic features and provide diagnoses before and after TPS implementation.ResultsThe most common cytologic features associated with HGUC were N:C ratios ≥0.7 (88%), hyperchromasia (83%), coarse chromatin distribution (67%), and nuclear pleomorphism in cell clusters (65%). Application of TPS criteria resulted in 10 diagnostic downgrades and 6 diagnostic upgrades. After TPS criteria were applied, the sensitivity of a positive diagnosis decreased from 29% to 19%. The morphologic feature most consistently associated with a downgrade from positive to suspicious was a lack of marked nuclear contour irregularities in atypical urothelial cells.ConclusionUsing strict TPS criteria in upper urinary tract cytology specimens may decrease the frequency of positive diagnoses with a concurrent increase in suspicious diagnoses. These findings may indicate that different morphologic features, particularly markedly irregular nuclear contours, may have different predictive values for HGUC in upper urinary tract cytology specimens compared with those from the lower urinary tract.
Trichomonicidal activity of a new anthraquinone isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem
Authors: Cáceres‐Castillo David , Pérez‐Navarro Yussel , Torres‐Romero Julio César , Mirón‐López Gumersindo , Ceballos‐Cruz Jimmy , Arana‐Argáez Victor , Vázquez‐Carrillo Laura , Fernández‐Sánchez José Manuel , Alvarez‐Sánchez María Elizbeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTrichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although drug treatment is available, unpleasant side effects and increased resistance to the nitroimidazole family have been documented. Hence, there is a need for the identification of new and safe therapeutic agents against T. vaginalis. Antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone compounds has been reported by a number of authors. The genus Morinda is well known for the diversity of anthraquinones with numerous biological activities. A new anthraquinone, lucidin‐ω‐isopropyl ether, was isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem. The structure of the compound was determined by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, in addition to comparison with literature reports. Using in vitro susceptibility assay, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of lucidin‐ω‐isopropyl ether for T. vaginalis (1.32 μg/mL) was found similar to that of metronidazole concentration tested (6 μM = 1.03 μg/mL). In addition, this anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting the parasite's ability to kill HeLa cells and decreased proteolytic activity of the proteinase TvMP50 from T. vaginalis. This was associated with the decreased expression of the mp50 gene. These results demonstrate the trichomonicidal potential by lucidin‐ω‐isopropyl ether. Further action‐mode studies are necessary to elucidate the antiparasitic mechanism of this new anthraquinone to develop a more potent antitrichomonal agent.
Advancing the Zebrafish embryo test for endocrine disruptor screening using micro-injection: Ethinyl estradiol as a case study
Authors: Michiels Ellen D. G. , Vergauwen Lucia , Lai Foon Yin , Town Raewyn M. , Covaci Adrian , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Van Cruchten Steven J. , Knapen Dries 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Fish (embryo) toxicity test guidelines are mostly based on aquatic exposures. However, in some cases, other exposure routes can be more practical and relevant. Micro-injection into the yolk of fish embryos could offer a particular advantage for administering hydrophobic compounds, such as many endocrine disruptors. Single-dose micro-injection was compared with continuous aquatic exposure in terms of compound accumulation and biological responses. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) was used as a model compound. First, the optimal solvent and droplet size were optimized, and needle variation was assessed. Next, biological endpoints were evaluated. The accumulated internal dose of EE2 decreased over time in both exposure scenarios. Estrogen receptor activation was concentration/injected dose dependent, increased daily, and was related to esr2b transcription. Transcription of vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) was induced in both scenarios, but the cyp19a1b transcription pattern differed between routes. Injection caused an increase in cyp19a1b transcripts from 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) onward, whereas after aquatic exposure the main increase occurred between 96 and 120 hpf. Some malformations only occurred after injection, whereas others were present for both scenarios. We conclude that responses can differ between exposure routes and therefore micro-injection is not a direct substitute for, but can be complementary to aquatic exposure. Nevertheless, vtg1and cyp19a1b transcription and estrogen receptor activation are suitable biomarkers for endocrine disruptor screening in both scenarios. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:533–547. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Overall approach of the present study to optimize and characterize the use of micro-injection of lipophilic compounds into the yolk of zebrafish embryos for endocrine disruptor screening. Injected embryo photo credit: David Mawdsley, Heath Lab, Seattle, WA, USA.
Tier‐aware joint subchannel and power allocation in uplink OFDMA heterogeneous networks
Authors: Rajabi Hamed , Rasti Mehdi , Pedram Hossein , Yousefpour Rohollah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study the problem of tier‐aware subchannel and power allocation in the uplink of a two‐tier orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access heterogeneous network. We formulate the joint subchannel and power allocation problem in the macro‐tier as an optimization problem that is aware of the existence of the femto‐tier and aims to maximize the sum of tolerable interference caused by femto‐tier on its allocated subchannel(s) subject to the minimum data rate requirements of the macrocell user equipments (MUEs). The resource allocation problem for the macro‐tier is an NP‐hard mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. To address it, we reformulate and transform it to a tractable mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) problem, which is optimally addressed with polynomial‐time complexity. We formulate the joint subchannel and power allocation problem in the femto‐tier as an optimization problem that is aware of the existence of the macro‐tier and aims to maximize the sum rate of the femtocell user equipments subject to the maximum tolerable interference caused to the MUEs. To address this MINLP problem, we transform it to a MILP problem through a linear approximation, which is solved optimally by IBM CPLEX solver. In addition, we develop a distributed and efficient algorithm that addresses this optimization problem suboptimally with a lower computational complexity. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithms outperform the existing algorithms in terms of network sum rate.
Efficacy of three consecutive therapeutic plasma exchanges in major ABO‐incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Choi Seung Jun , Kim Hoon Seok , Kim Yonggoo , Lee Jong Wook , Lim Jihyang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe retrospectively analyzed data of recipients who underwent three consecutive therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPEs) before major ABO‐incompatible (ABOi) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in our hospital from 2012 to 2017 and evaluated the efficacy of TPE for successful ABOi HSCT.Materials and methodsWe investigated the efficacy of TPE in 29 recipients with major ABOi HSCT based on the following: (1) requirement of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during 100 days, (2) erythrocyte engraftment by reticulocyte count at 3 months, and (3) erythropoiesis recovery by bone marrow examination at 1 month and 3 months after ABOi HSCT.ResultsIgM and IgG donor‐specific isoagglutinins (DSIs) of 31 cases of TPE were significantly decreased after three consecutive TPEs (IgM median, 1:32 to 1:2, P < .0001; IgG median, 1:256 to 1:8, P < .0001). We divided a total of 31 TPEs into two groups depending on their final DSI titers after TPE (group F, DSI > 1:16; group S, DSI ≤ 1:16). RBC transfusions were required more by group F (median, 12 units) than those by group S (median, 2 units, P = .001). Relative frequencies of erythrocyte engraftment and normal erythropoiesis after ABOi HSCT showed higher tendencies in group S than those in group F.DiscussionOur study demonstrated that three consecutive TPEs were effective in reducing DSI titer in major ABOi HSCT. Reduction of pretransplant DSI in recipients could decrease requirement for RBC transfusion. Three consecutive TPEs are necessary for successful erythrocyte engraftment and normal erythropoiesis in this setting.
Long noncoding RNA LINC‐PINT is inhibited in gastric cancer and predicts poor survival
Authors: Feng Hua , Zhang Junyong , Shi Yongjun , Wang Lifen , Zhang Chunqing , Wu Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC‐PINT expression is inhibited in many types of cancer cells, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. However, the functionality of LINC‐PINT in gastric cancer and the clinical values are unknown. In the present study, we found that lncRNA LINC‐PINT was downregulated, while microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) was upregulated in tumor tissues than in adjacent healthy tissues of gastric cancer patients. A significant and inverse correlation between expression levels of lncRNA LINC‐PINT and miR‐21 was found in both tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues. The low expression level of LINC‐PINT and high expression level of the miR‐21 tumor were correlated with poor prognosis. LINC‐PINT overexpression casued miR‐21 inhibition in cells of human gastric cancer cell lines, while miR‐21 overexpression did not alter LINC‐PINT expression. LINC‐PINT overexpression led to inhibited, while miR‐21 overexpression led to promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Effects of LINC‐PINT overexpression on cellular behaviors of gastric cancer cells were attenuated by miR‐21 overexpression. Therefore, LINC‐PINT may participate in gastric cancer through the crosstalk with miR‐21.
Inhibited CD47 gene affects the clearance of acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells
Authors: Song Guangle , Yang Leiying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of targeted inhibition of CD47 gene expression on stem cell clearance in acute myeloid leukemia.MethodsAfter the lentiviral CD47‐siRNA was transfected into acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells (LSCs), the proliferative status of acute myelogenous LSCs was detected by cell counting kit‐8, and the apoptosis of stem cells of acute myeloid leukemia was detected by annexin/propidium iodide flow assays. The expression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl, MCL‐1, PIK3p110β, and interleukin (IL)‐3 in acute myeloid LSCs was detected by Western blot analysis and the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the protein content of CD96 and CD90 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits.ResultsAfter transfection of the lentivirus CD47‐siRNA into acute myeloid LSCs, compared with the empty vector transfection group (control group), the cell viability of the CD47‐siRNA transfection group was decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xl, and MCL‐1 and the content of IL‐3 protein, CD96, and CD90 was decreased, whereas the activity of PIK3p110β and PP2A protein was increased.ConclusionTargeted inhibition of CD47 could inhibit the proliferation of myeloid LSCs, promote apoptosis, mobilize the cells into the cell cycle, and reduce the high expression of immune proteins on the cell surface, therefore providing a theoretical basis for the elimination and eradication of LSCs.
On the Smith normal form of a skew‐symmetric d‐optimal design of order
Authors: Greaves Gary , Suda Sho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that the Smith normal form of a skew‐symmetric D‐optimal design of order is determined by its order. Furthermore, we show that the Smith normal form of such a design can be written explicitly in terms of the order , thereby proving a recent conjecture of Armario. We apply our result to show that certain
D‐optimal designs of order are not equivalent to any skew‐symmetric
D‐optimal design. We also provide a correction to a result in the literature on the Smith normal form of
D‐optimal designs.
MiR‐145‐modulated SOX9‐mediated hypospadias through acting on mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Shang Yafeng , Kang Yanjie , Sun Jiantao , Wei Pengtao , Yang Jinhui , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study primarily explored how miR‐145, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and a downstream transcription factor (i.e., SOX9) mediated development of hypospadias. The hypospadias tissues and preputial tissues were isolated from pediatric inpatients postoperatively. Simultaneously, the rat models of hypospadias were established, and spermatogonial stem cells were separated. The expressions of proteins that symbolized cell apoptosis and oxidative stress were quantified via western blot analysis. Furthermore, the apoptosis, proliferation, and viability of cells were evaluated by means of flow cytometry, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. The results of microarray indicated miR‐145 as a differentially expressed biomarker between hypospadias tissues and normal tissues (p < 0.05). Moreover, rat models of hypospadias were observed with markedly lower vitamins A and E levels, reduced expressions of proteins relevant to oxidative stress (i.e., Nrf2, HO‐1, Gpx, and SOD‐1), as well as enhanced Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 expressions (
p < 0.05). Furthermore, SOX9 was found to be targeted by miR‐145, and it was also modified by phosphorylated extracellular‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK), a portion of MAPK signaling (
p < 0.05). The p‐ERK was significantly regulated after altering the expression of miR‐145 (
p < 0.05). Moreover, activation of p‐ERK and transfection of pcDNA‐SOX9 could cause higher expression of apoptins and larger apoptotic proportion of cells (
p < 0.05), yet transfection of miR‐145 mimic led to improved cell apoptosis and depressed cell viability (
p < 0.05). In conclusion, SOX9, which was regulated by both miR‐145 and miR‐145/MAPK signaling, could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypospadias.
Roles of Nrf2/HO‐1 and HIF‐1α/VEGF in lung tissue injury and repair following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Fan Jianhua , Lv Hui , Li Jie , Che Yuqin , Xu Baoning , Tao Zuo , Jiang Wenjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) leads to injury in distant organs, most commonly the lungs, although limited studies have examined self‐protective mechanisms during CIRI‐induced lung injury. Here, we investigated self‐protective mechanisms that attenuate stress‐related injury and promote the angiogenetic repair of epithelial function during CIRI‐induced lung injury by measuring nuclear factor erythroid‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) levels. A CIRI model was established in male Sprague–Dawley rats by blocking the middle cerebral artery. Rats were divided into five subgroups based on the reperfusion time (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr). Lung injury was assessed using a semiquantitative score and a thiobarbituric acid‐based method of determining malonaldehyde production. Lung tissue angiogenesis was detected by CD34 and CD31 immunolabeling. Changes in Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), HIF‐1α, vascular‐endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), extracellular‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and phospho‐ERK1/2 (
p‐ERK1/2) protein‐ and mRNA‐expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, respectively. Oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) caused lung injury. Expression of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidative stress pathway in lung tissues increased following CI/R, peaking after 24 hr. PI3K, ERK, and
p‐ERK1/2, which act upstream of Nrf2/HO‐1, were expressed at higher levels in the CI/R‐model group, consistent with the general trends observed for Nrf2/HO‐1. Within 72 hr post‐CI/R, HIF‐1α, and VEGF expression significantly increased versus the sham group. Thus, during CIRI‐induced lung injury, the body may upregulate antioxidative stress activities and promote angiogenesis to repair the endothelial barrier through the Nrf2/HO‐1 and HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathways, enabling self‐protection.