bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The involvement of primary care physicians in care for childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Streefkerk Nina , Heins Marianne J. , Teepen Jop C. , Feijen Elizabeth A. M. , Bresters Dorine , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Versluys A. Birgitta , Tissing Wim J. E. , Korevaar Joke C. , Kremer Leontien C. M. ,   on behalf of the DCOG‐LATER Study Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of developing long‐term morbidity, which is likely to be presented to a primary care physician (PCP). Therefore, insight into CCS's PCP‐based health care use is needed. We investigated the volume and underlying health problems of PCP‐based health care use and the determinants for PCP‐based health care use in CCS.ProcedureData from a Dutch cohort of 6018 eligible five‐year CCS were linked to the Nivel Primary Care database, which contains detailed data from a representative sample of 10% of all Dutch PCPs. Per CCS, two matched controls were selected. Negative binomial regression was performed to compare the annual number of contacts between CCS and controls, and to identify determinants for PCP‐based care use among CCS.ResultsThis study included 602 CCS and 1204 controls. CCS were 1.3 times more likely to contact their PCP than controls (95% CI, 1.2–1.5), up to 1.5 times at attained age over 40 years (95% CI, 1.2–1.8). CCS were 4.9 times more likely to contact their PCP for new malignancies, 3.1 for hematological conditions, and 2.8 for endocrine conditions. Female sex, higher attained age, and treatment with radiotherapy were determinants for having more PCP contacts.ConclusionsPCPs play an important role in care for CCS. CCS use more PCP‐based care than matched controls, mainly for severe conditions such as malignancies, hematological, and endocrine conditions. Our results emphasize the importance of disseminating the current knowledge on long‐term morbidity in CCS and on their optimal follow‐up care among PCPs.
Two‐parameter kinematic approach for complete shear behavior of deep FRC beams
Authors: Mihaylov Boyan , Liu Jian , Tvrznikova Karolina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile tests of deep fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) beams have shown that steel fibers enhance the crack control and shear strength, the modeling of these effects in a simple and rational manner remains a challenging problem. Because FRC features enhanced tension behavior, it is not well suited for the traditional strut‐and‐tie approach which neglects the tensile strength of the concrete. Therefore, this paper proposes an alternative approach which focuses on the displacements in the critical shear cracks. The displacements are described with a kinematic model with two degrees of freedom, and are used with appropriate constitutive relationships to estimate the shear contribution of the fibers. This kinematics‐based approach is validated with experimental data, and it is shown to capture adequately the complete pre‐ and postpeak behavior of deep FRC beams. It is also shown that the model predicts well the effect of beam aspect ratio, fiber volume ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and concrete strength on the shear strength of deep FRC beams.
Tension stiffening approach for deformation assessment of flexural reinforced concrete members under compressive axial load
Authors: Ng Pui‐Lam , Gribniak Viktor , Jakubovskis Ronaldas , Rimkus Arvydas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe deformation characteristics of cracked reinforced concrete beams are largely dependent on the tension stiffening effect. As one of the serviceability analysis approaches, the employment of a concrete tensile stress block that reflects the flexural tension stiffening behavior is useful for evaluation of beam deflections. In many practical applications, however, beams have to withstand a small degree of axial compression. There has been little research on axial load effects on tension stiffening, and tensile stress block for beams subject to compressive axial load has not been developed. In this study, finite element method is employed to analyze beams under different levels of compressive axial load. The numerical results reveal that the tensile stress block is considerably influenced by the presence of axial load. Using the tension stress fields obtained, values of stress block parameters under different levels of axial load are determined. Adequacy of the proposed model was verified using the test data reported in the literature.
Assessment of irrigation water quality by a Geographic Information System–Multicriteria Decision Analysis‐based model: A case study from Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Kavurmaci Murat , Apaydin Ahmet 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, the irrigation water quality of Eryaman region in Ankara (Turkey) has been investigated using a Geographic Information System–Multicriteria Decision Analysis (GIS‐MCDA)‐based model. Two different irrigation water quality indices (IWQI‐A and IWQI‐B) based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have been developed to provide a single suitability score for all criteria of irrigation water quality. The irrigation water quality indices were composed of 3 main criteria and 11 sub‐criteria. Based on irrigation water quality indices, four suitability classes have been identified as (a) excellent, (b) good, (c) permissible, and (d) unsuitable. Irrigation water quality maps were created by using kriging method and the water quality index scores. The temporal variation of irrigation water quality was evaluated using the models created for July 2007, 2010, and 2015 years. The most suitable areas for irrigation water are concentrated in the eastern and western parts of the region where the IWQI‐B scores were >0.85. In recent years, the deterioration in irrigation water quality has increased in the southern parts of the basin. This research has demonstrated that the indices created by using DEA and AHP methods are reliable indicators to assess irrigation water quality.Practitioner points

Water quality indices can be used to depict the overall water quality status in water management planning.

To avoid problems when modeling groundwater quality, the factors that have the most effect on water quality should be selected.

Analytic Hierarchy Process and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques are efficient and reliable methods to determine water quality.
Value-Oriented Articulation
Authors: Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, business enablers and resources are at the center of interest, as they are required to generate valuable assets for the market. Looking at those elements beyond a requirements engineering perspective to deliver products and services, human-centric value chain and their analysis can help in apprehending how an enterprise creates valuable elements through a set of core and support activities. Both are assumed to contribute to the sustainable existence of the producing organization in competitive and continuously changing environments, based on products or services for which customers are creating revenues. Representational carriers of work knowledge are business processes, as functional activities of work force transform goods and information. Value creation resides in the context-rich design and execution of work processes rather than the processed or created assets. Although value created in this way has a tangible component, a second component, the intangible part, is of equal importance. Both need to be externalized and represented for (re-)design. In this chapter, various methodologically grounded instruments are introduced, ranging from individual to collective elicitation, and tackling tangible and intangible transactions among concerned stakeholders.
The influence of physical ageing on the in-plane shear creep compliance of 5HS C/PPS
Authors: Pierik E. R. , Grouve W. J. B. , van Drongelen M. , Akkerman R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Thermoplastic polymer-matrix composites, such as carbon woven fabric reinforced poly(phenylene sulphide) (C/PPS), are increasingly used in the aircraft industry. Primary structural applications, however, are limited due to uncertainty concerning the long-term behaviour. Recent work indicated a progressive creep response over time, which would render these materials unusable for such applications. However, the effect of physical ageing was neglected, which is well known to alleviate the creep behaviour and hence physical ageing is rigorously included in this study on the long-term creep response of C/PPS. Short-term tensile creep tests in the bias direction were performed at temperatures of 50, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80$^{\circ}\mbox{C}$

C

∘

to obtain a master curve using the time–temperature superposition principle. Ordinary horizontal shifting failed to produce a smooth curve and therefore three alternative approaches were used and compared. The physical ageing rate was, however, characterised with horizontal shifting only at 50$^{\circ}\mbox{C}$

C

∘

and was implemented by means of the effective time theory (Struik, 1977) to correct the momentary master curves for the influence of physical ageing. The resulting predictions are more realistic and demonstrate that the structural changes in a material reduce the creep rate over time. Hence, the long-term creep compliance tends to increase asymptotically towards a finite value, in contrast to the unbounded momentary response.
Influences of Thermomechanical Treatment and Nb Micro-alloying on the Hardenability of Ultra-High Strength Steels
Authors: Esterl Raphael , Sonnleitner Markus , Schnitzer Ronald 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
For the construction of mobile crane booms, ultra-high strength steels produced via thermomechanical processing (TMP) have widely substituted steels fabricated through the conventional quenching and tempering (Q+T) route. A strong deformation of the austenite grain during hot rolling followed by direct quenching (DQ) offers benefits in terms of strength and toughness. To guarantee an optimal through-hardening, alloying elements retarding the γ to α transformation are used. To explore the influence of the processing route on the critical cooling rate and the hardenability, hot deformation tests were performed on a deformation dilatometer. Different cooling rates were applied after deformation corresponding to two different rolling cycles with varying finish rolling temperatures (FRTs). The obtained hardness values were compared to those received through conventional quenching after austenitization. These investigations conducted on three steels with varying micro-alloying contents showed that Nb in combination with TMP raises strength significantly, and promotes a bainitic and ferritic transformation in solid solution. When applying low FRTs and in combination with other micro-alloying elements, NbC coarsens and reduces the effect of precipitation hardening.
Effects of social media use on desire for cosmetic surgery among young women
Authors: Walker Candice E. , Krumhuber Eva G. , Dayan Steven , Furnham Adrian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA large body of research has documented the influence of traditional media formats (e.g. television programs, adverts) on young women’s consideration of cosmetic surgery. However, less is known about how newer forms of media such as social networking sites impact desire for cosmetic surgery. The present study aimed to examine whether exposure to images depicting facial cosmetic enhancements increases the desire for cosmetic surgery among young women. One-hundred and eighteen women, aged 18–29 years, indicated their social media use. This was followed by a task in which they viewed either images of facial cosmetic enhancements (N = 59) or images of travel (N = 59). Participants then indicated their satisfaction with their appearance, their mood and desire to undergo cosmetic enhancement. The results showed that viewing images of females who have undergone cosmetic enhancements affected young women’s desire for cosmetic surgery, especially if they spent a significant amount of time on social media, followed many accounts, and were less satisfied with their appearance. These findings have implications for parents, clinicians, and policy makers for understanding how internet habits, particularly the use of social media, influence the desire for cosmetic surgery, including the psychosocial motivations underlying those intentions.
Sex‐specific incident dementia in patients with central nervous system trauma
Authors: Mollayeva Tatyana , Hurst Mackenzie , Escobar Michael , Colantonio Angela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite evidence that central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, can cause sustained neurocognitive impairment, it remains unclear whether trauma‐related variables are associated with incident dementia independently of other known risk factors.MethodsAll adults without dementia entering the health‐care system with diagnoses of CNS trauma were examined for occurrence of dementia. All trauma‐related variables were examined as predictors in sex‐specific Cox regression models, controlling for other known risk factors.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 52 months, 32,834 of 712,708 patients (4.6%) developed dementia. Traumatic brain injury severity and spinal cord injury interacted with age to influence dementia onset; women were at a greater risk of developing dementia earlier than men, all other factors being equal.DiscussionRisk stratification of patients with CNS trauma by sex is vital in identifying those most likely to develop dementia and in understanding the course and modifying factors.
Dynamic Optimization of Nitrogen in Plateau Cotton Yield Functions with Nitrogen Carryover Considerations
Authors: Dhakal Chandra , Lange Kelly , Parajulee Megha N. , Segarra Eduardo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study utilizes a dynamic programming decision model, considering an intertemporal nitrogen carryover function, combined with both linear stochastic and deterministic plateau response functions to evaluate optimal nitrogen fertilizer decision rules and net present values (NPVs) in Texas High Plains cotton production. Nitrogen recommendations and NPVs are influenced by response function choice and nitrogen-to-cotton price ratios. Results indicate the stochastic plateau function better describes the data; the optimum nitrogen recommendation is to apply approximately 40 lb. of nitrogen for each bale of cotton production when considering nitrogen carryover information.
Lay Participation in Taiwan: Observations from Mock Trials
Authors: CHIN Mong-Hwa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article introduces the designs and the potential problems of the new lay judge system in Taiwan. This article first describes the background of the development of lay participation in Taiwan, and the 2012 Observer Jury System and the 2018 Lay Judge System drafted by the judiciary. The core of this paper is a qualitative study of four mock trials conducted by four district courts in Taiwan. Through observations and interviews with mock trial lay judges, this article addresses three main problems of the new system, including professional judges’ domination in deliberations, the comprehensibility of law, and lack of evidence rules. It also provides a discussion of the possible solutions to the problems observed. This article urges that training sessions should be provided to both lay judges and legal professionals, adjust the discovery rule, provide guidance on sentencing, and create evidentiary rules.
The post-common-envelope X-ray binary nucleus of the planetary nebula NGC 2392
Authors: Miszalski Brent , Manick Rajeev , Van Winckel Hans , Escorza Ana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Chandra X-ray Observatory has detected relatively hard X-ray emission from the central stars of several planetary nebulae (PNe). A subset has no known late-type companions, making it very difficult to isolate which of several competing mechanisms may be producing the X-ray emission. The central star of NGC 2392 is one of the most vexing members, with substantial indirect evidence for a hot white dwarf (WD) companion. Here we report on the results of a radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaign of its central star with the HERMES échelle spectrograph of the Flemish 1.2 m Mercator telescope. We discover a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 1.902208 ± 0.000013 d and an RV semi-amplitude of 9.96 ± 0.13 km s−1. The high degree of nebula ionisation requires a WD companion (M ≳ 0.6M⊙), which the mass-function supports at orbital inclinations ≲ 7°, in agreement with the nebula orientation of 9°. The hard component of the X-ray spectrum may be explained by the companion accreting mass from the wind of the Roche lobe filling primary, while the softer component may be due to colliding winds. A companion with a stronger wind than the primary could produce the latter and would be consistent with models of the observed diffuse X-ray emission detected in the nebula. The diffuse X-rays may also be powered by the jets of up to 180 km s−1, and active accretion would imply that they may be the first active jets of a post-common-envelope PN, potentially making NGC 2392 an invaluable laboratory to study jet formation physics. The 1.9 d orbital period rules out a double-degenerate merger leading to a Type Ia supernova, and the weak wind of the primary likely also precludes a single-degenerate scenario. We suggest that a hard X-ray spectrum, in the absence of a late-type companion, could be a powerful tool to identify accreting WD companions.
Treatment with etamsylate reduces haemolactia in lactating dairy cows.
Authors: Fraile Lorenzo , Arcas Antonio , Jiménez Luis M. , Mallo Josep , Armengol Ramon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis Research Communication describes the efficacy of etamsylate to reduce haemolactia in dairy cows. A dairy cow with haemolactia produces milk that is reddish or pinkish due to the presence of blood. Haemolactia causes economic loss because bloody milk is rejected by the industry and the consumers. A total of 58 dairy cows with haemolactia were included in the study and randomly divided into treated (n = 31) and control (n = 27) groups. Treatment consisted of three consecutive daily doses of etamsylate at 15 mg/kg, delivered intramuscularly. Milk production was recorded daily for 7 d, whether or not blood was detected in milk. The mean number of days with the presence of blood in milk in the treatment group was significantly lower (3·4 d) than in the control group (4·9 d). Treatment with etamsylate did not significantly affect milk yield. In conclusion, treatment with etamsylate reduces the number of days blood is observed in milk and it does not have any negative effect on milk production.
A local safety standard for invasive procedures for out-patient endonasal procedures performed under local anaesthetic: a template from Newcastle upon Tyne hospitals
Authors: Coates M L , Carrie S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn November 2017, a working feasibility analysis commenced of a local anaesthetic endonasal procedures out-patient clinic service at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne. Fundamental to introducing an innovative ambulatory out-patient practice is the development of a novel local safety standard for invasive procedures to support this service.ObjectiveThis paper presents the new safety standard developed for this purpose and implemented in our institution.ConclusionIncreasingly, there is a shift toward ambulatory services, directed by patient choice, technological advances and the opportunity for cost savings. It is hoped that this local safety standard for invasive procedures will provide a useful template for those considering implementing ambulatory endonasal services, or other novel procedures, within the specialty of ENT.
Critical evaluation of ‘ageing in place’ in redeveloped public rental housing estates in Hong Kong
Authors: Wadu Mesthrige Jayantha , Cheung Siu Leung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tremendous growth in the ageing population over the past two decades has compelled the Hong Kong government to reformulate its housing policy by redeveloping and incorporating certain age-friendly housing design elements and facilities into the public housing schemes built in the post-war period. This research investigates whether these introduced design elements and facilities satisfy the numerous special needs of the seniors in line with the concept of ‘ageing in place’. Data were collected from 224 seniors through a comprehensive questionnaire survey in four large-scale redeveloped public rental housing estates. Using three designated built environment dimensions, namely micro, meso and macro, the results revealed that senior tenants were generally satisfied with the present living environments (in all the three scales) in the estates. At the micro-scale, seniors were satisfied with the level of privacy and sense of autonomy derived from the present design features in their homes. For the meso-scale, the study revealed that the seniors were particularly satisfied with the design elements such as convenient transportation and accessibility, including convenient walkways. At the macro-scale, the community care service is deemed important for seniors’ wellbeing. However, more attention is needed on safety measures in interior and shower areas, public seating in common areas and provision of sufficient community care services. This study provides insights for policy makers and development authorities on elderly housing provision.
EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY AND ITS DETERMINANTS: EVIDENCE FOR WOMEN IN NINE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, 1950s-1990s
Authors: Teng Yue 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper examines educational inequality in nine Latin American countries at the sub-country level from the 1950s to the 1990s. Educational inequality is measured by the difference in schooling years between the taller and the shorter half of the female population. Schooling years significantly increased across birth cohorts, especially before the 1980s, regardless of socio-economic stratum, region or country. However, educational inequality persisted. This finding reflects the achievement of the import substitution industrialisation era in educational development and its failure in mitigating the unequal distribution of education rooted in Latin America's social structure. Trade liberalisation and educational expansion are found to reduce educational inequality in capital and urban regions, whereas democracy and tax reform increased it. By contrast, educational inequality in rural regions was hardly influenced by policy changes. This finding urges future explorations into whether the persistence of educational inequality in rural regions is due to endemic social structure.
« Je suis une Africaine… j'ai vingt ans »: Écrits féminins et modernité en Afrique occidentale française (c. 1940-c. 1950)
Authors: Barthélémy Pascale 
Published: April 2019

RésuméÀ travers l’analyse des premiers textes produits par des Africaines en Afrique occidentale française dans les années 1940 et 1950, cet article explore les conditions et les usages de l’écriture par les femmes en situation coloniale ainsi que les rapports entre écrit et modernité. L’étude de manuscrits scolaires, de correspondances, d’articles de presse signés par une minorité de femmes diplômées de la section sages-femmes de l’École de médecine et de l’École normale de jeunes filles de Rufisque, permet de montrer l’émergence d’une culture de l’écrit partagée, fondée sur des réseaux tissés pendant les années d’études. Bien qu’elle soit le plus souvent suscitée par les autorités coloniales, la prise d’écriture féminine n’en comporte pas moins une dimension autonome et participe d’une subjectivité en construction.