bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service Operations for Justice-on-Time: A Data-Driven Queueing Approach
Authors: Bakshi Nitin , Kim Jeunghyun , Randhawa Ramandeep S. 
Published: November 2024

Problem definition: Limited resources in the judicial system can lead to costly delays, stunted economic development, and even failure to deliver justice. Using the Supreme Court of India as an exemplar for such resource-constrained settings, we apply ideas from service operations to study delay. Specifically, court dynamics constitute a case-management queue, whereby each case may experience multiple service encounters spread across time, but all are necessarily with the same server. Our goal is to elucidate the drivers of congestion, focusing on metrics such as the expected case-disposition time (delay) and expected number of cases awaiting adjudication (pendency), and leverage this understanding to recommend operational interventions. Methodology/results: We employ data-driven calibrated simulations to model the analytically intractable case-management queue. The life cycle of a case comprises two stages: preadmission (before determining its merit for detailed hearings) and postadmission. Our methodology allows us to capture the queueing dynamics in which the judges are shared resources across the two stages. It also permits modeling of holiday capacity, which is flexibly tailored to address any surplus work that spills over from the regular year. We find that the second stage of this judicial queue is overloaded, but holiday capacity creates a perception of stability by steadying performance metrics. Managerial implications: The sources of inefficiency that drive congestion include a misalignment between scheduling guidelines and judicial capacity, coupled with the requirement to schedule hearings in advance. Together, these factors inhibit utilization of shared capacity across the two-stage judicial queue. We demonstrate how interventions that account for these inefficiencies can successfully tackle judicial delay. In particular, scheduling to improve the allocation of time across preadmission and postadmission cases can cut down the expected delay by as much as 65%. Funding: This study is (partially) supported by a Korea University Business School Research Grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0530 .
Serum Gastrin Levels Are Associated With Prevalent Neuroendocrine Tumors in Autoimmune Metaplastic Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Jove Andre , Lin Christina , Hwang Joo Ha , Balasubramanian Vidhya , Fernandez-Becker Nielsen Q. , Huang Robert J. 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a precancerous condition that predisposes to gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs). There exist no methods to stratify patients with AMAG for gNET risk.

METHODS:
We identified a cohort of patients with AMAG within a university health system using histopathologic and serologic criteria. We analyzed features predictive of prevalent gNET.

RESULTS:
We identified 181 patients with AMAG and 41 (22.7%) with prevalent gNET. Gastrin levels were elevated in gNET (1,859.8 vs 679.5 pg/mL, P < 0.001), and gastrin titers demonstrated good discrimination (c = 0.799, 95% CI 0.707–0.892) for gNET.

DISCUSSION:
Gastrin levels differ significantly between patients with AMAG with and without gNET.
Small-Molecule Neutrophil Modulator ADS051 is Safe and Well-Tolerated in a Phase 1 Single Ascending Dose Study
Authors: Cheifetz Adam S. , Allegretti Jessica R. , Quintas Megan , Dixit Bharat , Farquhar Ronald , Miller Benjamin W. , Murphy Christopher K. , Hershberger Ellie , Ghahramani Parviz , Stevens A.C. 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
A need for better treatment options for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) persists because of the efficacy and safety limitations of current therapies. Neutrophil epithelial transmigration is associated with the characteristic colonic mucosal inflammation in and very likely involved with the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of UC. ADS051 is a small-molecule inhibiting neutrophil migration and activation, which are potentially important therapeutic targets in UC. The phase 1 single ascending dose study evaluated ADS051's safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.

METHODS:
Fifty healthy adults were randomized 4:1 into 5 ascending dose cohorts to receive a single oral dose of ADS051 100 mg, 300 mg, 700 mg, 1,500 mg, 3,500 mg, or placebo. Participants were followed until 30 days after dosing. Safety and pharmacokinetics of ADS051 in stool, blood, and urine were evaluated.

RESULTS:
ADS051 was safe and well-tolerated. Adverse events (AEs) of constipation were reported by 2 participants (5.0%) in the ADS051 1,500 mg group vs none in the placebo group. No serious AEs reported and no discontinuations due to AEs. In all dose groups, a cumulative average of 10%–24% of the ADS051 dose was recovered in stool, mostly within 48 hours after dosing. ADS051 was quantifiable in only 2 of 440 blood samples (7.64 and 69.8 ng/mL). On average, <0.035% of the ADS051 dose was excreted in urine.

DISCUSSION:
ADS051 was safe, well-tolerated, and achieved high stool concentrations with minimal systemic exposure. ADS051 could be a safe and effective, locally acting, neutrophil-targeting agent for the treatment of UC.
Orthodontic Rubber Band Traction Improves Trainees' Learning Curve of Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Zheng Linfu , Chen Longping , Xu Binbin , Luo Baoxiang , Wang Fuqiang , Liu Zhilin , Gao Xingjie , Zhou Linxin , Chen Jiawei , Xie Longke , Hou Yaping , Li Dazhou , Wang Wen 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically demanding operation with a long learning curve. The aim of this study was to determine whether orthodontic rubber band (ORB)-assisted colorectal ESD could improve the trainees' learning curve as it was shown to shorten colorectal ESD procedure time in trainees and experts.

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study involved 178 patients who underwent colorectal ESD, randomly divided into trainee ORB-assisted ESD (Trainee ORB-ESD; n = 60), trainee conventional ESD (Trainee C-ESD; n = 57), and expert conventional ESD (Expert C-ESD; n = 61) groups. The main outcome was procedure time.

RESULTS:
Per Protocol analysis showed a similar operative time in the trainee ORB-ESD and expert C-ESD groups, which was shorter than in the trainee C-ESD group [28.0 (21.0–35.0) and 25.0 (15.0–35.0) vs 41.0 (31.0–52.5) min; (P < 0.001)]. The trainee ORB-ESD, trainee C-ESD, and expert C-ESD groups differed significantly in resection speed (11.35, 9.07, and 12.56 mm2/min, respectively), good visual field exposure rate (96.7%, 80.7%, and 93.4%), and muscle injury rate (5.0%, 17.5%, and 6.6%). However, the trainee ORB-ESD and expert C-ESD groups were similar in these measures, and all 3 groups were similar in adverse events, en bloc resection, R0 resection, and pathology rates. The cumulative sum suggested that the learning inflection point of the trainee ORB-ESD group was earlier than that of the trainee C-ESD group.

DISCUSSION:
ORB-ESD shortened colorectal ESD procedure time and improved efficiency in trainees to an expert level. ORB-ESD could shorten the learning curve, justifying its widespread application.
Exploring the effects of culture conditions on Yapsin (YPS) gene expression in Nakaseomyces glabratus
Authors: Bednarek Aneta , Kabut Agnieszka , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Satala Dorota 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Nakaseomyces glabratus, previously known as Candida glabrata, has the great potential to cause systemic fungal infections despite its similarity to baker’s yeast. Its pathogenicity is attributed to the production of numerous virulence factors, among which the YPS genes (YPS1–YPS11) encoding aspartyl proteases have yet to be sufficiently characterized, and limited studies suggest their involvement in cellular homeostasis. The study’s novelty is an investigation of the role of YPS in N. glabratus’s ability to adapt to different host environments. For this purpose, we isolated RNA from N. glabratus cells grown in both host niche-mimicking culture media, such as artificial saliva (AS) and vagina-simulating media (VS), as well as standard yeast media (RPMI 1640 and YPDA). We then performed quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate YPS gene expression at different growth phases. At the early logarithmic phase, we observed a general increase in the expression levels of YPS genes; however, at the stationary phase, high expression levels were maintained for YPS7 in RPMI 1640 and YPDA media and YPS6 in RPMI 1640 and AS media. In addition, although the VS medium does not promote the proliferation of N. glabratus, the yeast can survive in an acidic environment, and the significantly overexpressed gene is YPS7. These findings underscore the significant modulation of N. glabratus YPS gene expression in response to external environmental conditions. This research provides insights into the molecular basis of N. glabratus pathogenicity and highlights new potential targets for antifungal therapy.
Interactive ethics teaching for students of chemistry
Authors: Hay Alastair W.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Choosing an approach is a regular occurrence for chemists, be it for a new synthesis, a change in production, or out of financial necessity. Arriving at a decision which is right for the individual means weighing up options, even making ethical decisions. The interactive teaching approaches described here involve student chemists making choices in situations they may encounter. The goal is not to instruct chemistry students on what is right or wrong but to encourage them to debate issues and to reach a conclusion which they consider to be ethical. Two teaching approaches are described which are adaptable for many different scenarios; the scenarios were developed to encourage discussion about dual-use issues, issues in which chemicals can be used for good or ill. In the first exercise chemists are invited to make a drug using a simple chemical process and answer a range of questions. This is followed by role play to determine if the chemist might sell the drug to profit from it. A further exercise, using a jigsaw technique, with greater opportunity for discussion is also described. More actors, with different agendas, are introduced into the discussion and student chemists explore circumstances they may be in, make decisions and justify choices. Group discussions enable educators to discuss ethical dilemmas.
Preparation of strong, tough and highly ion-conductive nanocellulose hydrogels based on freeze–thaw cycles: performance evaluation under different freezing temperatures
Authors: Yu Kejin , Yang Lina , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Ning , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Guangchen , Liu He 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rapid and effective preparation of hydrogels with excellent properties by cyclic freezing–thawing has remained an enormous challenge as hydrogels prepared using traditional freeze–thaw methods demonstrate poor, unstable and unalterable mechanical properties. In this study, an innovative method was introduced to develop a nanocellulose hydrogel with excellent properties via cyclic freezing–thawing and ionic cross-linking, and various methods were used to characterise the structure and properties of the hydrogel. The results showed that hydrogen and ester bonds existed in the soy hull nanocellulose–sodium alginate–calcium chloride (SHNC/SA/Ca2+) hydrogel and that the internal structure of the hydrogel changed from a lamellar to three-dimensional network structure owing to low temperature, increasing the cross-linking density of SHNC and SA and enhancing the mechanical strength of the hydrogel. Meanwhile, the SHNC/SA/Ca2+-4 hydrogel demonstrated excellent elongation (804 %), viscoelasticity (storage modulus = 89.6 kPa), mechanical strength (tensile strength = 0.59 MPa, compressive strength = 1.52 MPa), ionic conductivity (3.84 S/m), transparency (54 %), anti-ultraviolet properties and fatigue resistance. The simple preparation process, excellent performance and three-dimensional porous network structure of the nanocellulose hydrogel offer broad application prospects in many fields.
Effect of beeswax on the physico-mechanical properties of poly (butylene adipate terephthalate)/poly lactic acid blend films
Authors: Rajoriya Naman , Upadhyay Sattyam , Pradhan Parameswar , Padhi Pratap Chandra , Mohanty Shyama Prasad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Conventional plastics derived from petroleum resources have dominated the packaging sector. However, the use of such plastics has resulted in environmental issues. Research on development of biodegradable plastics has gained momentum. In the present work, eco-sustainable poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly lactic acid (PLA) blend films have been developed with beeswax as an additive. Films have been made by blending biopolymers PBAT with PLA. Beeswax, as an additive has the ability to enhance the water vapour and oxygen barrier properties films. Beeswax content has been varied in the films (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%). The prepared films have been characterized for their mechanical (tensile testing), water absorption, morphological and biodegradation behavior. Maximum tensile strength has been observed for film containing 1 wt.% of beeswax. Water absorption of the films has been lowered by addition of beeswax. Based on the obtained results, 1 wt.% of beeswax addition has been found to be suitable for PBAT/PLA blend films.
Royal Dress and the Expression of Power in Babylonia, First Millennium BCE
Authors: Quillien Louise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
From the Neo-Babylonian period to Hellenistic times, the kings ruling over Babylonia employed many ways to disseminate their ideology to the people living under their rule. This article explores how objects – garments, accessories, and other regalia – were used as a corporeal language to express the nature of the king’s powers. These royal attributes are mentioned in royal inscriptions and in certain rituals, while some of them can be seen in iconographic representations of the Babylonian kings found on stelas or sculpted reliefs. Through these textual and iconographic sources, it is possible to observe what messages royal dress conveyed in terms of the origin of power, the identity of the royal person, and the discourse towards the governed people. Although the clothes of kings are the best documented, there is also information on the clothes of queens. For queens too, apparel expressed their status and power. The messages conveyed by royal dress evolved when the rulers were of local origin (Babylonian) and when they were foreign (Persian and Greek), but royal apparel itself remained an important medium for the expression of royal ideology.
Análise Gráfica do jornal Lampião da Esquina
Authors: Castro Betina Rezende de , Fonseca Leticia Pedruzzi 
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o projeto editorial e gráfico das 41 edições do jornal Lampião da Esquina, o primeiro jornal homossexual do país, surgido na década de 70, com a finalidade de apresentar a história gráfica do movimento gay brasileiro, destacando o período de resistência dos movimentos sociais à ditadura e ascensão da imprensa alternativa. O jornal circulou em todo o país de 1979 a 1981; abordou assuntos como aborto, feminismo, homossexualidade, transexualidade, dando voz a uma minoria marginalizada.
Ilustração crítica e o engajamento social no design gráfico
Authors: Rocha Cláudio Aleixo 
Published: November 2024

A proposta do artigo é discorrer teoricamente o conceito de design gráfico socialmente engajado e expor de que maneira a ilustração crítica pode ser pensada e materializada a partir desse conceito. Outro ponto abordado pelo trabalho diz respeito a importância do ensino do design gráfico socialmente engajado e dos princípios da ilustração crítica na formação do designer gráfico brasileira. Tais apontamentos são exemplificados em trabalhos de diferentes ilustradores que divulgam seus projetos visuais no ambiente on-line. Ambos utilizam a ilustração crítica como forma de questionamento e engajamento em diferentes causas sociais. Seus processos criativos têm em comum o uso da reapropriação de imagens que circulam no ambiente social, cultural e mercadológico. Foram escolhidos para este artigo o projeto “Anti-Logo, as ilustrações críticas dos designers Eduardo Salles, Adel Banfeel, Marco Melgrati e do artista gráfico Pawel Kuczynsk.
ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ НОВОСИБИРСКА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ И ДЕЗИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ГОРОДСКОМ СООБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: О.А. ПЕРСИДСКАЯ 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена этнической идентичности как социально-философскому феномену. Показано, что в современных условиях содержание этнической идентичности эвристично рассматривать с позиции влияния на него широкого ряда социокультурных факторов. На примере г. Новосибирска прослежено, какое воздействие на коллективное и субъективное измерения этнической идентичности оказывают пространство и морфология полиэтнического города, миграционные процессы, состояние и перспективы межэтнических отношений, механизмы реализации национальной политики на федеральном и муниципальном уровнях. На основе анализа ряда социологических исследований сделан вывод, что этническая идентичность горожан имеет тенденцию к ослаблению выраженности ее значимости. При этом отмечено, что содержание понятия этнической идентичности на субъективном уровне зачастую редуцируется к констатации факта этнической принадлежности с потерей наполнения, связанного с событийным этническим опытом и его переживанием.
The work is devoted to the issue of ethnic identity and the factors of its reproduction in the urban multiethnic community. The author shows that in order to understand the content of ethnic identity in modern conditions, it is important to turn to personal ethnic experience, considered through the prism of a wide range of socio-cultural factors. The article refers to the history of the formation of the urban multiethnic community of Novosibirsk and shows the significant role of migration processes as a factor of transformation of the socio-cultural space of the city. Based on the results of sociological research, the author concludes that, although interethnic relations are mostly perceived by citizens as calm and benevolent, there are some points on the city map that cause some background interethnic tension in the collective consciousness. The study has revealed the culturally oriented trend underlying the mechanisms of managing processes related to ethnicity. It is shown that, coupled with the tendency of reducing the influence of the family and close circle on the reproduction of ethnicity in the urban community, there may be a superficial understanding of ethnic cultures. Based on the analysis of a number of sociological studies, the author concludes that the ethnic identity of citizens is of high importance for representatives of the urban community, but at the same time it shows a tendency to reduce its expression and significance. It is stressed that the content of ethnic identity at the subjective level can be reduced to a statement of the fact of ethnicity. This means that it loses the content associated with the eventful ethnic experience. It is concluded that such situation with ethnic identity may complicate the implementation of the provisions of the Strategy of the State National Policy related to the need to support ethnic and cultural diversity and preserve the uniqueness of the peoples of the country.
Procesos erosivos en andisoles cultivados con cebolla (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.): Contribución del sedimento adherido al bulbo a la pérdida del suelo y sus nutrimentos
Authors: Marín Araya Silvia , Villatoro-Sánchez Mario , Camacho-Umaña Manuel E. 
Published: November 2024

Introducción. La pérdida de suelo es un proceso natural y complejo, el cual se puede potenciar por condiciones climáticas y labores agrícolas como la mecanización. Una forma de suelo (muy poco conocida) se debe al sedimento adherido al producto al momento de la cosecha, el cual se pierde permanentemente de los sembradíos. La cuantificación de este sedimento es un factor adicional a la pérdida de suelo por erosión y los nutrientes que pueden perderse de una parcela. Objetivo. Cuantificar la pérdida de suelo por cosecha del cultivo en dos ciclos de cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) bajo tres implementos de labranza mecanizada. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron parcelas (240 m2 cada una) en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, las cuales se sembraron con cebolla. Al momento de la cosecha del cultivo, se recolectó el sedimento adherido a la superficie de los bulbos y se estimaron los valores de pérdida de suelo para las parcelas evaluadas. Se realizaron análisis químicos de fertilidad, utilizando las metodologías KCl-Olsen y C/N total a los sedimentos obtenidos para calcular las pérdidas de nutrimentos y materia orgánica por labores de cosecha. Resultados y discusión. Se cuantificaron cantidades de sedimento entre 594,71 ± 471,93 y 1083,94 ± 78,45 kg ha-1 ciclo-1 que se pierde de los sembradíos de cebolla de forma irreversible. En adición, se pueden perder hasta 3,04 ± 0,27 kg de N, 0,15 ± 0,02 kg de P, y 1,16 ± 0,12 kg de K por hectárea por ciclo de cultivo. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos son pioneros en el estudio de erosión y pérdida de suelo por cosecha del cultivo en Costa Rica, y pueden servir de referencia para futuros estudios de manejo y conservación de suelos.
Modeling and simulation of a water distribution network using watergems
Authors: Awad Raghad , Wittmanová Réka , Stanko Štefan , Barloková Danka , Hrudka Jaroslav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to design and model a sustainable water distribution network for the new housing development in Bernolákovo. WaterGEMS software and Microsoft Excel are used for the analysis and design of the water distribution network. The survey of the village was developed with the help of a global positioning system to ensure the layout and the satellite image of the study area. Steady-state analysis has been carried out for the calculation of hydraulic parameters. The analysis performed by the software is essential for identifying potential problems and performing quick diagnostics so that expensive errors can be avoided. The study results indicate that the proposed distribution network will provide high-quality drinking water in the required quantity.