bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing progress of SDG 6 in India: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Roy Ajishnu , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman endeavors to meet social and economic water needs at national scale might cause negative environmental manifestations and water stress from local to global scale. So, appropriation of Sustainable Development Goals requires a comprehensive monitoring and knowledge base of the water resource availability, utilization and access. Hence, scientific research progression has a significant role to facilitate the implementation of sustainable development goals through assessment and policy implementation from global to local scales. India holds a key position among developing economies with a complex interconnected web of a fast-growing population, coupled with biophysical stress, social deprivation and economic inequality related to water and sanitation. This study addresses some of these challenges related to monitoring and implementation of the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 in India. Acknowledging the contribution of society and economy in sustainability paradigm, here we have chosen 28 indicators (clustered into eleven dimensions) under two major groups, concerning biophysical and social development aspects of water and sanitation. We have shown declining level of per capita biophysical water resource and slow to rapidly developing social indicators related to Sustainable Development Goal 6 in India. From past trends, we have calculated probable scenario of biophysical consumption of India up to 2050, which shows at least 1.3 times increase. This cumulative assessment framework contributes a tool to prioritize water resource appropriation, management response and policy implementations to national level sustainability of water and sanitation in India. We also advocate the necessity of restraining threats both at source and consumption process levels in order to ensure national water security for both human and biodiversity, keeping in mind the societal and economic development scenario.
The MoT3 assay does not distinguish between Magnaporthe oryzae wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh
Authors: Gupta Dipali Rani , Avila Claudia Sarai Reyes , Win Joe , Soares Darren M. , Ryder Lauren S. , Croll Daniel , Bhattacharjee Pallab , Hossain Md. Shaid , Mahmud Nur Uddin , Mehbub Md. Shabab , Surovy Musrat Zahan , Talbot Nicholas J. , Kamoun Sophien , Islam M. Tofazzal 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is comprised of lineages that exhibit varying degrees of specificity on about 50 grass hosts, including rice, wheat and barley. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential given that the pathogen has a propensity to jump to new hosts and spread to new geographic regions. Of particular concern is wheat blast, which has suddenly appeared in Bangladesh in 2016 before spreading to neighboring India. In these Asian countries, wheat blast strains are now co-occurring with the destructive rice blast pathogen raising the possibility of genetic exchange between these destructive pathogens. We assessed the recently described MoT3 diagnostic assay and found that it did not distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh. The assay is based on primers matching the WB12 sequence corresponding to a fragment of the M. oryzae MGG_02337 gene annotated as a short chain dehydrogenase. These primers could not reliably distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh based on DNA amplification experiments performed in separate laboratories in Bangladesh and in the UK. In addition, comparative genomics of the WB12 sequence revealed a complex underlying genetic structure with related sequences across M. oryzae strains and in both rice and wheat blast isolates. We, therefore, caution against the indiscriminate use of this assay to identify wheat blast.
The Evolution of White Matter Changes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A DTI and NODDI Study
Authors: Palacios Eva M. , Owen Julia P , Yuh Esther L. , Wang Maxwell B. , Vassar Mary J. , Ferguson Adam R. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Giacino Joseph T. , Okonkwo David O. , Robertson Claudia S. , Stein Murray B. , Temkin Nancy , Jain Sonia , McCrea Michael , Mac Donald Christine L. , Levin Harvey S. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Mukherjee Pratik ,   the TRACK-TBI Investigators
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTNeuroimaging biomarkers show promise for improving precision diagnosis and prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but none has yet been adopted in routine clinical practice. Biophysical modeling of multishell diffusion MRI, using the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) framework, may improve upon conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in revealing subtle patterns of underlying white matter microstructural pathology, such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and neuroinflammation, that are important for detecting mTBI and determining patient outcome. With a cross-sectional and longitudinal design, we assessed structural MRI, DTI and NODDI in 40 mTBI patients at 2 weeks and 6 months after injury and 14 matched control participants with orthopedic trauma but not suffering from mTBI at 2 weeks. Self-reported and performance-based cognitive measures assessing postconcussive symptoms, memory, executive functions and processing speed were investigated in post-acute and chronic phase after injury for the mTBI subjects. Machine learning analysis was used to identify mTBI patients with the best neuropsychological improvement over time and relate this outcome to DTI and NODDI biomarkers. In the cross-sectional comparison with the trauma control group at 2 weeks post-injury, mTBI patients showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) on DTI mainly in anterior tracts that corresponded to white matter regions of elevated free water fraction (FISO) on NODDI, signifying vasogenic edema. Patients showed decreases from 2 weeks to 6 months in white matter neurite density on NODDI, predominantly in posterior tracts. No significant longitudinal changes in DTI metrics were observed. The machine learning analysis divided the mTBI patients into two groups based on their recovery. Voxel-wise group comparison revealed associations between white matter orientation dispersion index (ODI) and FISO with degree and trajectory of improvement within the mTBI group. In conclusion, white matter FA and MD alterations early after mTBI might reflect vasogenic edema, as shown by elevated free water on NODDI. Longer-term declines in neurite density on NODDI suggest progressive axonal degeneration due to DAI, especially in tracts known to be integral to the structural connectome. Overall, these results show that the NODDI parameters appear to be more sensitive to longitudinal changes than DTI metrics. Thus, NODDI merits further study in larger cohorts for mTBI diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring.
In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin Combined with Fosfomycin or Rifampin on Planktonic and Adherent Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Zheng Jin-xin , Sun Xiang , Lin Zhi-wei , Qi Guo-bin , Tu Hao-peng , Wu Yang , Jiang Si-bo , Chen Zhong , Deng Qi-wen , Qu Di , Yu Zhi jian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to explore daptomycin combined with fosfomycin or rifampin against the planktonic and adherent linezolid-resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. Four linezolid-resistant isolates of E. faecalis which formed biofilms were collected for this study. Biofilm biomasses were detected by crystal violet staining. The adherent cells in the mature biofilms were counted by CFU numbers and observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In time-killing studies, daptomycin combined with fosfomycin or rifampin (4xMIC) demonstrated bactericidal activities on the planktonic cells, and daptomycin combined with fosfomycin killed more planktonic cells (at least 2-log10 CFU/ml) than daptomycin or fosfomycin alone. Daptomycin alone showed activities against the mature biofilms, and daptomycin combined with fosfomycin (16xMIC) demonstrated significantly more activity than daptomycin or fosfomycin alone against the mature biofilms in three of the four isolates. Daptomycin alone effectively killed the adherent cells, and daptomycin combined with fosfomycin (16xMIC) killed more adherent cells than daptomycin or fosfomycin alone in these mature biofilms. The high concentrations of daptomycin (512 mg/L) combined with fosfomycin indicated more activity than 16xMIC of daptomycin combined with fosfomycin on the adherent cells and the mature biofilms. The addition of rifampin increased the activity of daptomycin against the biofilms and the adherent cells of FB-14 and FB-80 isolates, but was not observed in FB-1 and FB-2 isolates. In conclusion, daptomycin combined with fosfomycin works effectively against the planktonic and adherent linezolid-resistant isolates of E. faecalis. The role of rifampin in these linezolid-resistant isolates is discrepant and needs more studies.
Single-cell Transcriptomic Landscape of Nucleated Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Zhao Yi , Li Xiao , Wang Jingwan , Wan Ziyun , Gao Kai , Yi Gang , Wang Xie , Wu Jinghua , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Wei , Chen Fang , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Xu Xun , Li Bin , Liu Shiping , Zhao Weihua , Flou Yong , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTUmbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant is a therapeutic option for both pediatric and adult patients with a variety of hematologic diseases such as several types of blood cancers, myeloproliferative disorders, genetic diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, the level of cellular heterogeneity and diversity of nucleated cells in the UCB has not yet been assessed in an unbiased and systemic fashion. In the current study, nucleated cells from UCB were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing, a technology enabled simultaneous profiling of the gene expression signatures of thousands of cells, generating rich resources for further functional studies. Here, we report the transcriptomic maps of 19,052 UCB cells, covering 11 major cell types. Many of these cell types are comprised of distinct subpopulations, including distinct signatures in NK and NKT cell types in the UCB. Pseudotime ordering of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) identifies wave-like activation and suppression of transcription regulators, leading to a polarized cellular state, which may reflect the NRBC maturation. Progenitor cells in the UBC also consist two subpopulations with divergent transcription programs activated, leading to specific cell-fate commitment. Collectively, we provide this comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape and show that it can uncover previously unrecognized cell types, pathways and gene expression regulations that may contribute to the efficacy and outcome of UCB transplant, broadening the scope of research and clinical innovations.
Comprehensive screening shows that mutations in the known syndromic genes are rare in individuals presenting with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Authors: Laver Thomas W , Wakeling Matthew N , Hong Yeow Hua Janet , Houghton Jayne AL , Hussain Khalid , Ellard Sian , Flanagan Sarah E 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveHyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) can occur in isolation or more rarely feature as part of a syndrome. Screening for mutations in the ‘syndromic HH’ genes is guided by phenotype with genetic testing used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. As HH can be the presenting feature of a syndrome it is possible that mutations will be missed as these genes are not routinely screened in all newly diagnosed individuals. We investigated the frequency of pathogenic variants in syndromic genes in individuals with HH who had not been clinically diagnosed with a syndromic disorder at referral for genetic testing.DesignWe used genome sequencing data to assess the prevalence of mutations in syndromic HH genes in an international cohort of patients with HH of unknown genetic cause.MethodsWe undertook genome sequencing in 82 individuals with HH without a clinical diagnosis of a known syndrome at referral for genetic testing. Within this cohort we searched for the genetic aetiologies causing 20 different syndromes where HH had been reported as a feature.ResultsWe identified a pathogenicKMT2Dvariant in a patient with HH diagnosed at birth, confirming a genetic diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome. Clinical data received following the identification of the mutation highlighted additional features consistent with the genetic diagnosis. Pathogenic variants were not identified in the remainder of the cohort.ConclusionsPathogenic variants in the syndromic HH genes are rare but should be considered in newly diagnosed individuals as HH may be the presenting feature.
Outflanking Immunodominance to Target Subdominant Broadly Neutralizing Epitopes
Authors: Angeletti Davide , Kosik Ivan , Yewdell William T. , Boudreau Carolyn M. , Mallajosyula Vamsee V.A. , Chambers Michael , Prabhakaran Madhu , Hickman Heather D. , McDermott Adrian B. , Alter Galit , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTA major obstacle to vaccination to antigenically variable viruses is skewing of antibody responses to immunodominant epitopes. For influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the immunodominance of the variable head impairs responses to the highly conserved stem. Here, we show that head immunodominance depends on the physical attachment of head to stem. Stem immunogenicity is enhanced by immunizing with stem only-constructs or by increasing local HA concentration in the draining lymph node. Surprisingly, co-immunization of HA and stem alters stem-antibody class switching. Our findings delineate strategies for overcoming immunodominance with important implications for human vaccination.
Interleukin 22 mediates interleukin 23-induced pathology in newborn mice by disrupting the function of pancreatic and intestinal cells
Authors: Furtado Glaucia C. , Chen Lili , Strohmeier Valentina , He Zhengxiang , Deshpande Madhura , Durum Scott K. , Moran Thomas M. , Kraus Thomas , Xiong Huabao , Faith Jeremiah J. , Lira Sergio A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMice expressing IL-23 constitutively in the intestine or skin fail to grow and die prematurely. These phenotypes are associated with marked changes in the levels of circulating cytokines and with changes in the transcriptome of the pancreas and intestine. Marked changes are observed in the expression of molecules involved in digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, resulting in a malabsorptive condition. Genetic ablation of IL-22, or one of the subunits of the IL-22R in mice expressing IL-23, restores normal growth and increases the life span of the animals. Mechanistically, IL-22 acts directly at the level of pancreatic acinar cells to decrease expression of the pancreas associated transcription factor 1a (Ptfla), an important transcription factor controlling expression of genes encoding pancreatic enzymes, and acinar cell identity. The results indicate that dysregulated expression of IL-23 and IL-22 has severe consequences in newborns and reveal an unsuspected role for IL-22 in controlling pancreatic enzyme secretion and food absorption.
Songbird ventral basal ganglia sends performance error signals to dopaminergic midbrain
Authors: Chen Ruidong , Puzerey Pavel A. , Roeser Andrea C. , Riccelli Tori E. , Podury Archana , Maher Kamal , Farhang Alexander , Goldberg Jesse H. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYVentral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons signal prediction error, the difference between actual and predicted outcome, but it remains unclear how error is computed. Here we identify in songbirds a ventral basal ganglia (vBG) region that is required for song learning and that sends prediction error signals to VTA. During singing, vBG neurons heterogeneously encoded song timing, auditory error, predicted error, and the difference between the two (prediction error). Viral tracing revealed inputs to vBG from auditory and vocal motor thalamus, auditory and vocal motor cortex, and VTA. Our findings reveal a classic actor-critic circuit motif in which a ventral critic learns the ‘prediction’ component of a prediction error signal that is relayed by VTA to a dorsal actor (the vocal motor BG nucleus Area X). A circuit motif for computing reward prediction error can compute predicted performance quality during motor sequence learning.
Investigating cultural aspects in the fundamental diagram using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Favaretto Rodolfo Migon , dos Santos Roberto Rosa , Musse Soraia Raupp , Vilanova Felipe , Costa Ângelo Brandelli 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a study regarding group behavior in a controlled experiment focused on differences in an important attribute that vary across cultures - the personal spaces - in two Countries: Brazil and Germany. In order to coherently compare Germany and Brazil evolutions with same population applying same task, we performed the pedestrian Fundamental Diagram experiment in Brazil, as performed in Germany. We use convolutional neural networks to detect and track people in video sequences. With this data, we use Voronoi Diagrams to find out the neighbor relation among people and then compute the walking distances to find out the personal spaces. Based on personal spaces analyses, we found out that people behavior is more similar in high dense populations. So, we focused our study on cultural differences between the two Countries in low and medium densities. Results indicate that personal space analyses can be a relevant feature in order to understand cultural aspects in video sequences even when compared with data from self-reported questionnaires.
Glucose increases the lifespan of post-reproductiveC. elegansindependently of FOXO
Authors: Lei Wang , Beaudoin-Chabot Caroline , Thibault Guillaume 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAging is one of the most critical risk factors for the development of metabolic syndromes1. Prominent metabolic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, have a strong association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress2. Upon ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to limit cellular damage by adapting to stress conditions and restoring ER homeostasis3,4. However, adaptive genes upregulated from the UPR tend to decrease with age5. Although stress resistance correlates with increased longevity in a variety of model organisms, the links between the UPR, ER stress resistance, and longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that supplementing bacteria diet with 2% glucose (high glucose diet, HGD) in post-reproductive 7-day-old (7DO)C. eleganssignificantly extend their lifespan in contrast to shortening the lifespan of reproductive 3-day-old (3DO) animals. The insulin-IGF receptor DAF-2 and its immediate downstream target, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) AGE-1, were found to be critical factors in extending the lifespan of 7DO worms on HGD. The downstream transcription factor forkhead box O (FOXO) DAF-16 did not extend the lifespan of 7DO worms on HGD in contrast of its previously reported role in modulating lifespan of 3DO worms6. Furthermore, we identified that UPR activation through the highly conserved ATF-6 and PEK-1 sensors significantly extended the longevity of 7DO worms on HGD but not through the IRE-1 sensor. Our results demonstrate that HGD extends lifespan of post-reproductive worms in a UPR-dependent manner but independently of FOXO. Based on these observations, we hypothesise that HGD activates the otherwise quiescent UPR in aged worms to overcome age-related stress and to restore ER homeostasis. In contrast, young adult animals subjected to HGD leads to unresolved ER stress, conversely leading to a deleterious stress response.
High temperature isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviour of pure recycled titanium
Authors: Valdés-Saucedo Omar Alejandro , Vázquez-Rodríguez Liliana Judith , López-Zárate Brenda , Garza-Tovar Lorena , García-Gómez Nora Aleyda , Artigas Alfredo , Monsalve Alberto , Ramírez-Ramírez Javier H. Humberto , Pérez-González Francisco Aurelio , Colás Rafael , Garza-Montes-de-Oca Nelson Federico 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the surface evolution of pure recycled titanium subjected to isothermal and cyclic oxidation conditions using dry air as oxidant gas. It is important to mention that the cyclic oxidation behaviour of pure titanium is a process that has been barely studied.

Design/methodology/approach
An isothermal and cyclic oxidation reactor was built for these purposes. This installation allows the oxidation of material under the action of any atmosphere and for temperatures up to 1,200°C. For this study, the oxidation behaviour of the material was studied at 850°C and 950°C.

Findings
Oxide growth under isothermal oxidation conditions in air follows a parabolic behaviour with an activation energy of 118 kJ/mol, and the oxide phase formed on the surface of the metal was rutile. The cyclic oxidation of the material indicates that oxide is spalled from the surface following linear behaviours; this phenomenon is controlled by the thermal stresses experienced by the samples during heating and cooling cycles.

Originality/value
The material is obtained from the production of electrolytic copper, and during its reprocessing practices at high temperature, it was thought that it could experience some abnormal oxidation. In addition, given that pure titanium is currently used for biomedical application, some surface degree can be given by means of oxidation and subsequent spallation process situation that is found during the cyclic oxidation experiments, which could be a low-cost method to engineer a surface for these purposes.