bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of deep learning fusion algorithm in natural language processing in emotional semantic analysis
Authors: Gong Yunlu , Lu Nannan , Zhang Jiajian 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith the development of network technology, people are facing more and more massive information. How to extract emotional information in massive information rapidly has received more and more attention from people. This paper introduces the principle and structure of the traditional emotional model. Different personality, emotional states, and external stimuli will have different effects on emotional semantic analysis. In addition, this paper has proposed emotional semantic analysis method based on wake‐sleep and SVM method. The model starts from the description and calculation of the dynamic characteristics of emotions and more fully predicts the process characteristics that describe the evolution of emotions. Search and category browsing allows users to quickly access these information points. In addition, this paper provides a deep learning fusion algorithm in emotional semantic analysis, introduces its reference implementation and related key technologies, and supports business intelligence to a certain extent, and it has a strong application prospect on the network data information.
Numerical simulation on the operational characteristics of the pulsed inductive acceleration
Authors: Cheng Yuguo , Xia Guangqing 
Published: October 2018

To analyse the ionization and acceleration properties of an inductive plasma excited by a pulsed current flowing through the planar coil, the extended GLM formulations of the MHD (EGLM‐MHD) model, combined with the high‐temperature thermodynamic and transport model, is employed to simulate the characteristics of the flow. The two‐dimensional axisymmetric calculation captures the generation, growth, and acceleration of the current sheet, and the process is completed in the first half period. The sheet is mainly comprised of lower ionization level ions in the front and higher level ions at the back, and the density is one order higher than that of the residual plasma on the coil surface. As the abscissa value of the sheet is larger than the decoupling distance, a reversed flow emerges, generating a backward impulse, and the negative velocity can be more than 15 km/s at peak intensity B0 = 0.5 T. In the second 1/4 period, the magnetic field and current density distribute non‐linearly on the surface and regularly in the sheet, caused by the reversing of the changing rate of the magnetic field and the particles' radial diffusion. The results at different intensities show that, for the same coil size, the time at which the maximum velocity Vmax appears is advanced as the intensity increases, and Vmax can be greater than 20 km/s above 0.5 T.
Gully erosion processes, disciplinary fragmentation, and technological innovation
Authors: Bennett Sean J. , Wells Robert R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development and evolution of gullies on soil‐mantled hillslopes can devastate agricultural regions and cause widespread soil and landscape degradation. Since 2000, international symposia have been organized to address gully erosion processes, and this paper and special issue provide additional context for the 7th International Symposium on Gully Erosion held at Purdue University in 2016. Several important themes of gully erosion emerged during this symposium that warranted additional discussion here. These topics include the importance and impact of technology transfer, disciplinary fragmentation as an impediment for research advancement, the difficulty in defining the erodibility of sediment within gullies, and the opportunities afforded by remote sensing technology. It is envisioned that such symposia will continue to enhance the capabilities of researchers and practitioners to monitor, model, and manage these important geomorphic processes and to mitigate landscape degradation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Six Sigma for evaluating the analytical quality of tumor marker assays
Authors: Liu Qian , Fu Mei , Yang Fumeng , Liang Wei , Yang Chuanxi , Zhu Wenjun , Ma Liming , Zhao Changxin 
Published: October 2018

ContextThe results of detection assays for the same specimen are usually quite different in different laboratories or when tested with different detection systems.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the value of applying sigma metrics derived from different standards for allowable total error (TEa) in evaluating the analytical quality of tumor marker assays.MethodsAssays were evaluated for these six tumor markers: total prostate‐specific antigen (tPSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153). Sigma values were calculated for two concentrations of quality control products to assess differences in quality of tumor marker assays. Improvement measures were recommended according to the quality goal index, and appropriate quality control rules were selected according to the sigma value.ResultsThe sigma value was highest using the higher biological variation‐derived “appropriate” TEa standard: it was sigma ≥6 or higher in 16.7% of tumor markers. Sigma was below 6 for all tumor markers using the other three TEa. CEA, AFP, CA199, CA125, and CA153 required improved precision. The marker tPSA required improve precision and accuracy. According to sigma values by using China's external quality assessment standards, CEA, AFP, CA125, and CA153 require 13s/22s/R4s/41s multirules for internal quality control, CA199 requires use of 13s/22s/R4s/41s/8x multirules, and tPSA requires maximum quality control rules.ConclusionSix Sigma is useful for evaluating performance of tumor markers assays and has important application value in the quality control of these assays.
One pot green synthesis of Pt, Co and Pt@Co core‐shell nanoparticles using Sechium edule
Authors: Chelli Venkatanarasimha R , Golder Animes K 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommon approaches for the synthesis of metallic nanostructured materials require the use of fine chemicals and energy‐intensive processes. This work reports a simple eco‐friendly (green) method to engineer the structure of cobalt (Co), platinum (Pt) and PtCo core‐shell nanoparticles using plant‐based analytes present in the extract of Sechium edule, the fruit of a perennial climber plant.RESULTSAscorbic acid (294 mg kg−1 dry fruit) was found to be the primary analyte and it acted for both metal ion reduction and nanoparticle destabilization forming a conjugate with the carboxylate group. The sharp rise in negative zeta‐potential with the rise in pH from a highly acidic medium resulted from a strong destabilization tendency of Pt and Co nanostructures over a wide pH range. The size and colloidal stability, morphology and crystal structure were confirmed with the support of dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Co nanoprisms (47.3 nm), Pt nanospheres (28.6 nm) and PtCo core‐shell (13.2–26.4 nm) nanoparticles were formed with a polydispersity index of 0.18–0.38. The synergistic effects such as ligand interaction between core and shell and the geometric effect improved the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria in comparison to Pt nanospheres and Co nanoprisms, and these results were comparable with ciprofloxacin and cefprozil as the antibiotic controls.CONCLUSIONPlant analytes served as the electron donors for the formation of Pt and Co nanostructures and also stabilized the particles growth to tailor their structures for an improved antibacterial functionality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation
Authors: Vane Leland M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrganic solvents are widely used in a variety of industrial sectors. Reclaiming and reusing the solvents may be the most economically and environmentally beneficial option for managing spent solvents. Purifying the solvents to meet reuse specifications can be challenging. For hydrophilic solvents, water must be removed prior to reuse, yet many hydrophilic solvents form hard‐to‐separate azeotropic mixtures with water. Such mixtures make separation processes energy‐intensive and cause economic challenges. The membrane processes pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (VP) can be less energy‐intensive than distillation‐based processes and have proven to be very effective in removing water from azeotropic mixtures. In PV/VP, separation is based on the solution–diffusion interaction between the dense permselective layer of the membrane and the solvent/water mixture. This review provides a state‐of‐the‐science analysis of materials used as the selective layer(s) of PV/VP membranes in removing water from organic solvents. A variety of membrane materials, such as polymeric, inorganic, mixed matrix, and hybrid, have been reported in the literature. A small subset of these is commercially available and highlighted here: poly (vinyl alcohol), polyimides, amorphous perfluoro polymers, NaA zeolites, chabazite zeolites, T‐type zeolites, and hybrid silicas. The typical performance characteristics and operating limits of these membranes are discussed. Solvents targeted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for reclamation are emphasized and ten common solvents are chosen for analysis: acetonitrile, 1‐butanol, N,N‐dimethyl formamide, ethanol, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert‐butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2‐propanol. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Bedside Ultrasound Versus Chest Radiography for Detection of Pulmonary Edema: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wooten William M. , Shaffer Lynn E. T. , Hamilton Lisa A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesChest radiography has been the preferred imaging study to assess pulmonary congestion. However, chest radiography interpretation is influenced by the level of expertise and high interobserver variability. Lung ultrasound (US) may produce more objective findings through evaluation of vertical comet tail artifacts known as B‐lines, which are created by a decrease in the ratio of alveolar air to fluid pulmonary content. Few studies have directly compared chest radiography to bedside US against a reference standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema. This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of bedside US and chest radiography in diagnosing pulmonary edema.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study involved adult patients presenting to the emergency department of an urban tertiary hospital with dyspnea. The primary outcome was the presence or absence of pulmonary edema, as indicated by B‐lines on a bedside lung US examination or radiologist‐interpreted chest radiography. Patients underwent a US examination within about 1 hour of chest radiography. The final diagnosis from the discharge summary served as the reference standard.ResultsNinety‐nine patients were enrolled; 32.3% had congestive heart failure, and 40.4% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bedside US showed significantly higher sensitivity (96%) compared to chest radiography (65%; P < .001). Of 18 patients with negative radiographic findings and a discharge diagnosis of pulmonary edema, 16 (89%) had positive US findings (P < .001).ConclusionsBedside US has the potential to identify pulmonary edema more accurately than chest radiography. As current practice within the United States uses chest radiography, reflecting American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guidelines for management of heart failure, the results of this study warrant further evaluation.
Monitoring Early Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy Using H‐Scan Ultrasound Imaging: Preliminary Preclinical Results
Authors: Khairalseed Mawia , Javed Kulsoom , Jashkaran Gadhvi , Kim Jung‐Whan , Parker Kevin J , Hoyt Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveH‐scan imaging is a new ultrasound technique used to visualize the relative size of acoustic scatterers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of H‐scan ultrasound imaging for monitoring early tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment using a preclinical breast cancer animal model.MethodsReal‐time H‐scan ultrasound imaging was implemented on a programmable ultrasound scanner (Vantage 256; Verasonics Inc., Kirkland, WA) equipped with an L11‐4v transducer. Bioluminescence and H‐scan ultrasound was used to image luciferase‐positive breast cancer–bearing mice at baseline and at 24, 48, and 168 hours after administration of a single dose of neoadjuvant (paclitaxel) or sham treatment. Animals were euthanized at 48 or 168 hours, and tumors underwent histologic processing to identify cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.ResultsBaseline H‐scan ultrasound images of control and therapy group tumors were comparable, but the latter exhibited significant changes over the 7‐day study (P < .05). At termination, there was a marked difference between the H‐scan ultrasound images of control and treated tumors (P < .05). Specifically, H‐scan ultrasound images of treated tumors were more blue in hue than images obtained from control tumors. There was a significant linear correlation between the predominance of the blue hue found in the H‐scan ultrasound images and intratumoral apoptotic activity (R2 > 0.40, P < .04).ConclusionPreliminary preclinical results suggest that H‐scan ultrasound imaging is a new and promising tissue characterization modality. H‐scan ultrasound imaging may provide prognostic value when monitoring early tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment.
Imaging of Motor Cortex Physiology in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Burciu Roxana G. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThere is abundant evidence that the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not confined to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway but propagates along the cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical neural network. A critical node in this functional circuit impacted by PD is the primary motor cortex (M1), which plays a key role in generating neural impulses that regulate movements. The past several decades have lay witness to numerous in vivo neuroimaging techniques that provide a window into the function and structure of M1. A consistent observation from numerous studies is that during voluntary movement, but also at rest, the functional activity of M1 is altered in PD relative to healthy individuals, and it relates to many of the motor signs. Although this abnormal functional activity can be partially restored with acute dopaminergic medication, it continues to deteriorate with disease progression and may predate structural degeneration of M1. The current review discusses the evidence that M1 is fundamental to the pathophysiology of PD, as measured by neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography, single‐photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and functional and structural MRI. Although novel treatments that target the cortex will not cure PD, they could significantly slow down and alter the progressive course of the disease and thus improve clinical care for this degenerative disease. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Synapse‐selective rapid potentiation of hippocampal synaptic transmission by 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone
Authors: Kobayashi Katsunori , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe identification of 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (DHF) as a small molecule agonist for tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) facilitated understanding of the role of TrkB signaling in regulating higher brain functions. DHF can penetrate the blood‐brain barrier after systemic administration and changes the performance of cognitive and emotional behavioral tasks. However, it is poorly understood how DHF modulates neuronal functions at cellular levels. Aiming to understand the cellular basis underlying DHF‐induced modifications of the brain functions, we examined the effects of DHF on the hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission.MethodsField excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded using hippocampal slices prepared from adult male mice. Effects of bath‐applied DHF on the synaptic efficacy were examined.ResultsWe found that DHF induced robust synaptic potentiation at the mossy fiber to CA3 synapse. DHF had minimal effects at other hippocampal excitatory synapses or at immature mossy fiber synapse in juvenile mice. The TrkB receptor blockers K252a and ANA‐12 did not affect the DHF‐induced synaptic potentiation. Drug screening revealed that relatively low concentrations of 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborane blocked the DHF‐induced synaptic potentiation.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that DHF selectively potentiates hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic transmission via a TrkB receptor‐independent mechanism. This novel neuromodulatory effect of DHF may influence higher brain functions by itself or together with the activation of the TrkB receptor. The rapid induction of the potentiation implies its potential importance in the acute behavioral effects of DHF.
Patient perception and approval of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an alternative treatment option for obesity
Authors: Gundling F. , Roggenbrod S. , Schleifer S. , Sohn M. , Schepp W. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a treatment option for some diseases, e.g. recurring Clostridium difficile‐associated colitis. However, there is also evidence that FMT can be effective in treating obesity. This pilot study established the approval and willingness of obese patients to undergo FMT.MethodsWe conducted a survey of adults with obesity using a questionnaire containing 21 both multiple choice and open questions was dispatched to a cohort of 101 persons with obesity. It included questions aiming at the process of FMT itself, donors as well as possible concerns. Additionally aspects of social background and disease activity were dealt with.ResultsThe response rate amounted to 30.1% (n = 31). In our population, mean BMI was 40.5 kg/m2 while the vast majority already tried out treatment modalities to lose weight before. 25.8% of persons with obesity were aware of FMT. 62.1% were willing to undergo FMT if the donor was healthy and anonymous while only 6.9% clearly refused this option. Sixty preferred an anonymous donor or a person proposed by their doctor while colonoscopy was the preferred application by 76.7%. The absence of risks of the procedure (47.8%) formed the principal motivation while reduction of medication was considered as least important reason (in 26.1). Insufficient testing of the faeces concerning infections raised the most concerns (in 61.6%).ConclusionFor the majority of the persons with obesity surveyed FMT represents a treatment option. Approximately two thirds of the questionees would consider FMT as an alternative treatment option, even in spite of a satisfactory disease response to current standard therapies. Unsurprisingly there are concerns in regard to the transmission of possible infectious agents as well as to the hygieneic implementation of FMT itself.
An oxygen‐tolerant photo‐induced metal‐free reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Yu Lei , Wei Yanlong , Tu Yuanyuan , Lin Shudong , Huang Zhenzhu , Hu Jiwen , Chen Yue , Qiao Hang , Zou Wei 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe report herein a visible light‐induced metal‐free living polymerization with high oxygen tolerance that can be performed in aqueous media. In contrast with ordinary living/controlled radical polymerizations, oxygen can be present throughout the entire reaction process. This reaction can be photo‐induced and proceeds at room temperature. First, we have successfully synthesized a well‐defined polymer in an ambient atmosphere by the photo‐induced radical polymerization method, using acrylic acid as a monomer and fluorescein as a photocatalyst. However, the subsequent chain extension reaction did not occur, possibly due to oxidation of the chain transfer agent (CTA). Despite this, we found that the addition of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) imparted the process with oxygen tolerance. We conducted a systematic study to optimize the best concentrations of the key reagents including the monomer, CTA, fluorescein, and vitamin C. Through these optimizations we were able to synthesize in the presence of oxygen a series of well‐defined poly(acrylic acid)s (PAAs) with dispersities (Ð) below 1.3 and molecular weights that closely matched the theoretical values. The kinetic study showed that the molecular weight of the produced PAA increased linearly with the conversion of the monomer, and chain extension reaction also yielded a block polymer with a higher molecular weight than that of the previous polymer. Therefore, we developed a novel photo‐induced living polymerization method that can be conducted both in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of air. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2437–2444
Synthesis of phosphorescent iridium‐containing acrylic monomers and their room‐temperature polymerization by Cu(0)‐RDRP
Authors: Christopherson Cheyenne J. , Hackett Zoë S. , Sauvé Ethan R. , Paisley Nathan R. , Tonge Christopher M. , Mayder Don M. , Hudson Zachary M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA series of acrylic monomers based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized based on common phosphorescent emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes. A simple room‐temperature polymerization procedure for these materials was developed using Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization, providing polymers with low dispersities of 1.08–1.14 at conversions from 81 to 93% when the Ir complexes are copolymerized with a carbazole‐based acrylic host. These methods were also found to be suitable for the preparation of high‐molecular‐weight polymers with M
n approaching 40,000 Da, as well as block copolymers formed in one pot from the chain extension of methyl acrylate. This scalable room‐temperature synthesis of iridium‐containing copolymers and block copolymers provides a useful route to optoelectronic materials, which we anticipate can be readily adapted to a broad range of acrylic metallopolymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2539–2546
Pore growth and stabilization in uniaxial stretching polypropylene microporous membrane processed by heat‐setting
Authors: Ruijie Xu , Jiayi Xie , Ziqin Tian , Henghui Huang , Xiande Chen , Caihong Lei , Xingqi Zhu 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTo clarify the pore growth and stabilization process, the heat‐setting process during the preparation of polypropylene microporous membranes was followed. It was found that pore size increasing during heat‐setting was attributed to the stabilization of stretching‐induced connecting bridges through crystallization and lateral shrinkage within amorphous region. The stretching‐induced stable connecting bridges came from the secondary crystallization of stretched tie chains and the conversion of some unstable lamellae to fiber crystals through melting and recrystallization behavior. After stretching, during the heating process to heat‐setting temperature, it was mainly the melting and recrystallization behavior that decreased the retraction of bridges. During the following heat‐setting, the secondary crystallization of stretched tie chains further stabilized the connecting bridges. At the same time, the lateral shrinkage within amorphous region during heating and heat‐setting further lead to the pore size increasing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1604–1614