bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of novel Vicia faba germplasm with tolerance to acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides (AHAS) developed through mutagenesis techniques
Authors: Mao Dili , Michelmore Simon , Paull Jeff , Preston Christopher , Sutton Tim , Oldach Klaus , Yang Shi Y , McMurray Larn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop in Australian farming systems, however, weed control is a major constraint due to a lack of in‐crop broadleaf herbicide options. To address this, we developed acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitor herbicide tolerance in faba bean using mutagenesis techniques. Dose–response experiments, agronomic field evaluation and DNA sequencing of the AHAS gene were used to quantify and validate tolerance traits.RESULTSFour M2 faba bean single‐plant biotypes (IMI‐1, IMI‐2, IMI‐3 and IMI‐4) at a frequency of 3.63 × 10−6 were successfully recovered. Molecular characterisation of the AHAS gene identified two known target site mutations (resulting in protein substitutions Ala205Val and Ser653Asn) conferring tolerance. Phenotypic characterisation found that both mutations conferred high levels of tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide imazapyr. However, although the Ala205Val substitution showed improved levels of cross‐tolerance to a range of sulfonylurea chemistries, the Ser653Asn substitution did not. In the field, IMI‐3 showed the highest level of agronomic tolerance across a range of imidazolinone herbicides.CONCLUSIONSMutagenesis techniques were successful in the development of tolerance to AHAS inhibitor herbicides in faba bean, and could facilitate the first safe in‐crop broadleaf herbicide control option in Australian faba bean production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Harperocallis is congeneric with Isidrogalvia (Tofieldiaceae, Alismatales): Evidence from comparative floral morphology
Authors: Remizowa Margarita V. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Campbell Lisa M. , Stevenson Dennis W. , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFlowers of most Tofieldiaceae are inserted laterally in the axils of well‐developed flower‐subtending bracts in a racemose inflorescence, each flower possessing a characteristic calyculus. The monospecific genus Harperocallis, which is endemic to north‐western Florida, represents the only member of Tofieldiaceae with a consistently solitary terminal flower. We compare flowers of H. flava with those of Isidrogalvia, a putative close relative of Harperocallis from South America. We analyse the resulting data in an extended morphological analysis for the entire family. Both Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia lack septal nectaries, which are functionally replaced by tuberculate glands on the ovary walls; in both genera the carpels are united with congenital carpel fusion at the gynoecium base. Flowers of both genera are relatively large and highly vascularized; the calycular phyllomes and tepals each possess several veins and the carpels contain (in addition to dorsal and ventral bundles) both lateral bundles and separate placental bundles that support massive intrusive placentae. The presence of a synascidiate zone with congenital intercarpellary fusion in both genera is correlated with the formation of heterocarpellary ventral bundles. Harperocallis is unusual in that the stamens are often supplied by three veins. Our morphological cladistic analysis supports earlier molecular data indicating a close relationship between Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia, and several morphological characters are revealed as synapomorphies of this sister‐pairing. This finding, resulting from strong morphological similarities between Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia, allows the transfer of H. flava into Isidrogalvia.
Centropodieae and Ellisochloa, a new tribe and genus in Chloridoideae (Poaceae)
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Barker Nigel P. , Linder H. Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere has been confusion among taxonomists regarding the subfamilial placement of Merxmuellera papposa, M. rangei, and four species of Centropodia even though many researchers have included them in molecular studies. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 127 species using seven plastid regions (rps3, rps16‐trnK, rps16, rpl32‐trnL, ndhF, ndhA, matK) to infer the evolutionary relationships of Centropodia, M. papposa, and M. rangei with other grasses. Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei form a clade that is sister to three species of Centropodia, and together they are sister to the remaining tribes in Chloridoideae. We provide the carbon isotope ratios for four species indicating that Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei are photosynthetically C3, and Centropodia glauca and C. mossamdensis are C4. We present evidence in favor of the expansion of subfamily Chloridoideae to include a new tribe, Centropodieae, which includes two genera, Centropodia and a new genus, Ellisochloa with two species, Ellisochloa papposa and E. rangei. The name Danthonia papposa Nees is lectotypified.
Systematic position of Ivania, Scoliaxon, and Phravenia (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Warwick Suzanne I. , Sauder Connie A. , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSequence data from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were used to determine the tribal placements of the previously unassigned genera Ivania, Scoliaxon, and Phravenia (gen. nov.; named in honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven). The utilization of the ITS‐based phylogenetic tribal backbone of Brassicaceae placed three genera in relation to the 44 recognized tribes in the family. Scoliaxon, although showing remarkable morphological similarities to Asta (Asteae), formed an independent clade with 100% bootstrap (BS) support in the tribal analysis, whereas both Ivania and Phravenia clustered with the Thelypodieae clade (96% BS support). In a second and more comprehensive analysis of Thelypodieae, both species of Ivania formed a clade with 61% BS support within the tribe and were affiliated to other Thelypodieae genera from the Southern Hemisphere. The monospecific Phravenia (P. viereckii, formerly Arabis/Dryopetalon viereckii) formed a clade with 74%–76% bootstrap support within Thelypodieae, and its species did not resolve with Dryopetalon or Sibara in which it had been previously assigned. The present findings support the placement of Ivania and Phravenia in Thelypodieae, as well as the recognition of the new genus Phravenia and new tribe Scoliaxoneae, both of which are formally described herein.
A reassessment of the supposed Echium homonyms in the Prodromi of Burman and Thunberg with typification of their Echium names now in Lobostemon and Echiostachys
Authors: Nordenstam Bertil , Buys Matt H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSupposed homonyms in Thunberg's Prodromus Plantarum Capensium (2 parts, 1794 & 1800) and N.L. Burman's Prodromus Florae Capensis, published in 1768, are interpreted as Thunberg's applications of Burman names rather than ille gitimate later published names. Examples are discussed from the Cape genera Lobostemon Lehm. and Echiostachys Levyns, treated under Echium L. by Burman and Thunberg. Five of twelve Echium names of Thunberg copy those of Burman and are regarded as merely his applications of Burman names known to him from literature, correspondence and personal encounters. Typifications are published for two Burman and six Thunberg names. Type specimens were identified in G, LD, MEL and UPS‐THUNB.
Origin and diversification of the genus Echium (Boraginaceae) in the Cape Verde archipelago
Authors: Romeiras Maria M. , Paulo Octávio S. , Duarte M. Cristina , Pina-Martins Francisco , Cotrim M. Helena , Carine Mark A. , Pais M. Salomé 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMuch work has been done on the endemic floras of Madeira and the Canary Islands but little is known about the origin and diversification of endemic plants of the Cape Verde archipelago. In this study we focus on the three endemic species of the genus Echium L. (Boraginaceae) in Cape Verde. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS1, ITS2) and plastid (trnT‐L, trnL‐F, rps16, psaI‐accd) DNA markers produced similar topologies that suggest a recent single colonization event in the Cape Verde archipelago, with subsequent diversification during the Pleistocene (<1.8 Ma). All datasets recovered a split between the "southern" (E. hypertropicum, E. vulcanorum) and "northern" (E. stenosiphon s.l.) island species, and suggest that habitat adaptation and inter‐island colonization played a prominent role in the evolution of Echium in Cape Verde. Implications of the results are discussed in the context of the biogeography of the Macaronesian Islands. The northern island species are classified into three distinct subspecies, one for each of the northern islands: E. stenosiphon subsp. stenosiphon endemic to São Vicente, subsp. lindbergii endemic to Santo Antão, and subsp. glabrescens endemic to São Nicolau.
Newmania: A new ginger genus from central Vietnam
Authors: Leong-Škorničková Jana , Lý Ngoc-Sâm , Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Tosh James , Forrest Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new genus of Zingiberaceae from Vietnam, Newmania N.S. Lý & Škorničk., with two species Newmania serpens N.S. Lý & Škorničk. and N. orthostachys N.S. Lý & Škorničk., is described and illustrated. Its relationship with Haniffia Holttum and phylogenetic position in the tribe Zingibereae is investigated using nrITS and trnK and matK plastid sequence data. The phylogenetic position of Kedhalia C.K. Lim, another recently described ginger genus from the same tribe, is also discussed briefly.
Molecular systematics and character evolution ofTypha(Typhaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data
Authors: Kim Changkyun , Choi Hong-Keun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpecies identification and analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genusTyphaare difficult because of the high degree of variability among morphological characters and frequent interspecific hybridization. Traditionally, two sections (T. sect.Ebracteolataeand sect.Bracteolatae) have been recognized within the genus based on the presence or absence of bracteoles in the female flowers. The aims of this study were to reconstruct the phylogeny ofTyphausing DNA sequence data from nuclearLEAFYand three plastid regions, and to evaluate previous classifications. We sampled nine species from various regions that were each invariant at the molecular level. A parsimony consensus tree recovered three clades in the genus: clade I includingT. angustifolia,T. elephantina, T. domingensis, andT. capensis; clade II includingT. orientalisandT. laxmanni; and clade III comprisingT. latifoliaandT. shuttleworthii. Typha minima was found sister to the rest of theTyphaspecies with maximal bootstrap support. The results do not support previous classifications of Typha. Character analysis showed that bracteole loss, spatulate stigma, lack of a gap between staminate and pistillate inflorescences, and monad pollen are derived characteristics inTypha.
A simple and cost‐effective approach for microsatellite isolation in non‐model plant species using small‐scale 454 pyrosequencing
Authors: Takayama Koji , López Patricio S. , König Christiane , Kohl Gudrun , Novak Johannes , Stuessy Tod F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrosatellites are robust molecular markers for exploring genetic variability in all organisms, now widely used in plant systematics and evolutionary biology. It is sometimes a drawback, however, that de novo isolation and characterization to obtain working primers for as yet unexamined species are prohibitively time‐consuming. Recently, high‐throughput sequencing technologies have had a significant impact on many different types of genomic research; they also provide new opportunities for locating microsatellites in non‐model and not‐previously‐sequenced organisms. Here we report results of high‐throughput sequencing to identify a large number of microsatellites from six distantly related angiosperm plant species (Acer pseudosieboldianum, Drimys confertifolia, Dystaenia takesimana, Hepatica nobilis var. japonica, Myrceugenia fernandeziana, Rhaphithamnus venustus). Using a combination of a total (non‐enrichment) genomic library and small‐scale pyrosequencing (1/8 of a PicoTiterPlate) with multiplexing option, we determined 2.57 to 6.23 Mbp of sequence (10,411 to 21,021 reads) in the genomes of the six species and identified 63 to 284 microsatellites that had flanking regions suitable for primer design; we also obtained 1 to 29 microsatellites located in the chloroplast genome. We tested PCR amplification, reproducibility, and level of polymorphism of 42 primer pairs for Acer pseudosieboldianum and 24 for another five species using eight individuals from two populations. As a result, between 46% and 83% of markers were clearly genotyped, and between 17% and 63% efficaciously detected polymorphisms within populations. This method is cost‐ and time‐effective in comparison with traditional approaches involving cloning and sequencing.
Nomenclature and taxonomy of Croton glabellus L. (Euphorbiaceae), a widespread Caribbean species
Authors: van Ee Benjamin , Gandhi Kanchi N. , Berry Paul E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe application of the names Croton glabellus, C. lucidus, and Phyllanthus glabellus has been confusing since the earliest publications that used them. After a thorough review of these publications and corresponding herbarium specimens, we clarify the nomenclatural confusion surrounding these names and their taxonomy. We identify a new name, Phyllanthus glabellus Fawc. & Rendle, that was inadvertently made. We make the new combination Croton glabellus subsp. polytrichus, and we designate lectotypes for Astrocasia tremula, Croton subsect. Astraeopsis, C. glandulifer, C. lucidus var. polytrichus, and C. spicatus.
Molecular phylogenetics and origins of southern African Oxalis
Authors: Oberlander Kenneth C. , Dreyer Léanne L , Bellstedt Dirk U. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite being a speciose component of the Cape Floristic Region at the southern tip of Africa, the southern African Oxalis lineage is systematically poorly understood. Palynological and preliminary phylogenetic studies of the group contrast with the current taxonomy, and indicate the need for further research. Here we present a largescale phylogenetic analysis comprising 150 of ± 210 southern African species, sampled for plastid trnL–F and trnS–G and nuclear ITS markers, using three different inference methods. Secondly, we explore the origins of southern African Oxalis as a potential Cape clade. Despite substantial localised incongruence between plastid and nuclear datasets, analyses agreed on a monophyletic southern African clade, which consists of two species–poor and one extremely species–rich lineages. The current taxonomy is shown to be artificial, with not one section retrieved as monophyletic. Our topologies are consistent with previous palynological and phylogenetic studies, and provide a backbone for future systematic work. Reconstructions of ancestral area for the southern African lineage support an origin within or close to the Cape Floristic Region.
Parasyncalathium J.W. Zhang, Boufford & H. Sun (Asteraceae, Cichorieae): A new genus endemic to the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wen , Boufford David E. , Sun Hang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains endemic genus, Parasyncalathium J. W. Zhang, Boufford & H. Sun (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Lactucinae) is described. Parasyncalathium is based on Syncalathium souliei (Franch.) Y. Ling, originally placed in Lactuca sect. Aggregatae Franch., as L. souliei Franch., then later moved to Syncalathium Lipschitz. Previous published evidence from cytology, molecular phylogeny, and morphology, and especially SEM of cypsela morphology in the present study confirm the difference between Syncalathium souliei and Syncalathium s. str., the latter including the type species of the genus, S.kawaguchii (Kitam.) Y. Ling. Syncalathium s.str. should be placed in subtribe Crepidinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae); S. souliei, although distinct from other members of the subtribe, remains in Lactucinae where it groups within Lactuca s.l. in the tree topology.
Pliocene intercontinental dispersal from Africa to Southeast Asia highlighted by the new species Begonia afromigrata (Begoniaceae)
Authors: de Wilde Jan J.F.E. , Hughes Mark , Rodda Michele , Thomas Daniel C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new Begonia species from Laos and Thailand is described. It belongs to Begonia sect. Tetraphila, along with 30 other species which are all endemic to Africa. This is the first record of any of the 65 currently accepted sections in Begonia transgressing continental borders. A dated molecular phylogeny places the split of the new Asian species from its African congeners during the late Miocene to the early Pleistocene. As the species is a hygromesophilous epiphyte limited to tropical forest, no suitable corridor for migration existed during that time and the cause of the Afro–Asian disjunction probably is a long–distance dispersal event. The discovery of B. afromigrata emphasises the importance of chance in the assembly of tropical floras.
New insights into the relationships between Paraboea, Trisepalum, and Phylloboea (Gesneriaceae) and their taxonomic consequences
Authors: Puglisi Carmen , Middleton David J. , Triboun Pramote , Möller Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships between Paraboea, Trisepalum and Phylloboea, in the twisted–fruited clade of the advanced Asiatic and Malesian Gesneriaceae, were investigated using nuclear and chloroplast data. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses demonstrated unambiguously that the three genera originated from a single common ancestor, that Phylloboea is nested deeply in Trisepalum and that in turn Trisepalum is nested in Paraboea. As Paraboea has been conserved against Phylloboea and Trisepalum the necessary new combinations in Paraboea are made here. The enlarged genus Paraboea comprises around 120 species. The phylogeny presented here will provide a valuable framework for future biogeographic and comparative studies in Gesneriaceae.
Typification and interpretation of Philodendron imbe Schott ex Kunth (Araceae)
Authors: Mayo Simon J. , Sakuragui Cassia M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe name Philodendron imbe has been used for at least three species of hemi–epiphytic Philodendron species of medium stature with cordate to cordate–sagittate leaves occurring in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil. Many specimens so determined are found throughout the world's herbaria, especially in Brazil, North America, and Europe. This investigation shows that descriptions made by H.W. Schott in 1832, 1856, and 1860 differ from those of species to which the name has been most widely applied ever since; in particular, from P. acutatum Schott and P. appendiculatum Nadruz & Mayo. The name Philodendron imbe is here neotypified on plate 34, published in J. Peyritsch's Aroideae Maximilianae in 1879, based on a collection made by Franz Maly in the region of Rio de Janeiro. We propose that P. imbe is a rare and possibly extinct species from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State which has not been correctly identified in any collections made since 1860.
Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
Authors: Nampanya Sonevilay , Khounsy Syseng , Dhand Navneet K. , Bush Russell D. , Windsor Peter A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBlackleg (BL) is an acute to peracute highly fatal infectious disease of mainly large ruminants characterised by lesions of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually presenting as a sudden onset of sporadic mortalities. In Southeast Asia, ‘BL’ is considered a cause of occasional outbreaks of a subacute febrile illness, although there are few published reports available. Investigation of a major outbreak of clinically diagnosed BL occurring in large ruminants (cattle and buffalo) in three neighbouring villages in central Laos in mid‐2017, was conducted to determine the financial impacts of BL on smallholder livelihoods. Owners of BL‐infected large ruminants in the three affected villages were interviewed (n = 27) and financial losses including losses due to mortality, morbidity and costs of treatments, were determined. The reports of clinical signs of subcutaneous swelling with palpable crepitus in febrile animals were considered consistent with a diagnosis of BL. The outbreak occurred in 47 of a total 449 households with large ruminants across the three villages, affecting 147 of a total population of 3505 ‘at risk’ large ruminants with 71 deaths reported. At the household level, the mean morbidity and mortality rates were 5 ± 4(95% CI: 3–6) and 3 ± 2(95% CI: 1–4) heads per household, respectively. The estimated financial losses due to BL per affected household was USD 822 ± 692(95% CI: 518–1125), being 122% of their annual household income from large ruminant sales. The comparison between the estimated losses due to BL per village and cost of annual BL vaccination programmes, indicated a potential economic benefit of USD3.09 and USD12.37 for every dollar invested in the vaccination programme, if BL outbreaks occur every 20 and 5 years, respectively. This study indicates that clinically diagnosed BL can cause significant losses to smallholder households, and requires Lao animal health authorities to consider vaccination interventions to prevent losses from re‐emergence of BL in the known endemically affected areas.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor Size >3 cm Negatively Impacts Long‐Term Outcomes After R0 Resection
Authors: Cattoni Maria , Vallières Eric , Brown Lisa M. , Sarkeshik Amir A. , Margaritora Stefano , Siciliani Alessandra , Filosso Pier Luigi , Guerrera Francesco , Imperatori Andrea , Rotolo Nicola , Farjah Farhood , Wandell Grace , Costas Kimberly , Mann Catherine , Hubka Michal , Kaplan Stephen , Farivar Alexander S. , Aye Ralph W. , Louie Brian E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMinimal knowledge exists regarding the outcome, prognosis and optimal treatment strategy for patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) due to their rarity. We aimed to identify factors affecting survival and recurrence after resection to inform current treatment strategies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 72 patients who had undergone a curative resection for LCNEC in 8 centers between 2000 and 2015. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the factors influencing recurrence, disease‐specific survival and overall survival. These included age, gender, previous malignancy, ECOG performance status, symptoms at diagnosis, extent of resection, extent of lymphadenectomy, additional chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy, tumor location, tumor size, pT, pleural invasion, pN and pStage.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 47 (95%CI 41–79) months; 5‐year disease‐specific and overall survival rates were 57.6% (95%CI 41.3–70.9) and 47.4% (95%CI 32.3–61.1). There were 22 systemic recurrences and 12 loco‐regional recurrences. Tumor size was an independent prognostic factor for systemic recurrence [HR: 1.20 (95%CI 1.01–1.41); p = 0.03] with a threshold value of 3 cm (AUC = 0.71). For tumors ≤3 cm and >3 cm, 5‐year freedom from systemic recurrence was 79.2% (95%CI 43.6–93.6) and 38.2% (95%CI 20.6–55.6) (p < 0.001) and 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 60.7% (95%CI 35.1–78.8) and 54.2% (95%CI 32.6–71.6) (p = 0.31), respectively.ConclusionsA large proportion of patients with surgically resected LCNEC will develop systemic recurrence after resection. Patients with tumors >3 cm have a significantly higher rate of systemic recurrence suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered after complete resection of LCNEC >3 cm, even in the absence of nodal involvement.