bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on high‐risk HPV negative patients: Why we still need the Pap test
Authors: Sun Hongxia , Masand Ramya P. , Patel Shobhanaben Jagdishbhai , Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCervical cancer is caused by high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Though screening Pap test (PT) has reduced cancer mortality by detecting precursor lesions, there is now a move toward replacing screening PT with hrHPV testing. The aims of this study were to determine hrHPV negative rate in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) PT in high‐risk patients and correlate with histopathology; and to review the hrHPV negative HSIL PT.MethodLIS was searched (January 2015–June 2016) for HSIL PT results. Patient chart was reviewed for age, hrHPV co‐testing result including genotyping (Aptima®), and histopathology follow‐up (f/u) which was compared between hrHPV‐positive and hrHPV‐negative groups. hrHPV‐negative HSIL PT slides were re‐evaluated for concordance with original interpretation. Student t test was used for data analysis.ResultsThere were 230 patients with HSIL PT who had hrHPV co‐testing and 199/230 had histopathological f/u. Majority (210/230, 91.3%) were hrHPV positive, and 20 (8.7%) were hrHPV negative. HrHPV negative HSIL was significantly more common in older women (mean age 49.3 years) compared with hrHPV‐positive HSIL (mean age 40.7 years) (P = .0015). The most frequently detected genotype was HPV16 (40%). F/u was CIN2/3 in 145/181 (80%) hrHPV‐positive HSIL (includes nine squamous cell carcinoma) and 6/16 (37.5%) hrHPV‐negative HSIL.ConclusionAlthough the risk of CIN2/3 and carcinoma was higher in hrHPV‐positive patients, possibility of hrHPV‐negative dysplastic lesions should be considered in older women as 6 of 16 (37.5%) of these women had CIN2/3 and/or carcinoma which would have been missed without the PT.
Remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes is regulated by CGH‐1
Authors: Langerak Shaughna , Trombley Alicia , Patterson Joseph R. , Leroux Devon , Couch Alexandra , Wood Megan P. , Schisa Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA key aspect of development in all metazoans is remodeling at the cellular level. During the development of gametes, remodeling occurs throughout the germ line. When Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites become depleted of sperm after 4 days of adulthood, significant cellular remodeling occurs within the meiotically‐arrested oocytes, including the formation of ribonucleoprotein granules. Since major remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs in early embryos, we investigated the extent of ER remodeling in meiotically‐arrested oocytes. We found, using a combination of fluorescence reporters and transmission electron microscopy, that the ER in arrested oocytes accumulates in patches and sheets that are enriched at the cortex. Our findings suggest this remodeling is not due to simple displacement by large amounts of yolk that accumulate in arrested oocytes, and instead may be genetically regulated. We further identified the Ddx6 RNA helicase, CGH‐1, as a key regulator of ER in the germ line. In cgh‐1(tn691) oocytes, we detected cortical ER patches as well as aberrant granules of the RNA‐binding proteins, PAB‐1, MEX‐3, and CGH‐1. Taken together, our results suggest the possibility that the spatial organization of RNA binding proteins may regulate the translation of mRNAs associated with the ER that in turn, controls the organization of the ER in the adult germ line.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hyperthyroidism attending a hospital endocrine clinic—A retrospective study
Authors: Sim Sing Yang , Lethem Claudia , Coppini David Vincent 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAimsA study looking at the distribution, management and outcomes of patients referred to a secondary care endocrine clinic with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal study of 442 patients referred over a 15‐year period (2002‐2017) with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism to a secondary care endocrine clinic. Information on demographics, diagnosis, treatments and outcomes was recorded as patients attended for clinic visits. Patients were initially treated with 1‐2 courses of thionamides and subsequently referred for radioiodine or surgery in cases of relapse.ResultsPatients (75% female, age range 17‐91 years) were treated with thionamides for an average of 295 days. As expected, the majority of patients had Graves Disease (GD) (80%), followed by those with multinodular goitre (MNG) (8.6%), amiodarone‐induced hyperthyroidism (6.7%) and toxic nodule (3.7%). Drug‐induced remission rates were best seen in patients with GD (43%), and side effects necessitating change in treatment were relatively low (2.5%). In 121 patients who received radioiodine, hypothyroidism occurred in 50% of patients and was commoner in patients with GD (65%) than in those with MNG (22%) and toxic nodule (6.3%).ConclusionsThis study is only one of a few reporting on the characteristics of patients with hyperthyroidism attending a typical secondary care endocrine clinic. Whilst we appreciate its limitations, we encourage similar methods of collecting valuable real world data to facilitate conduction of specialist peer review visits in other similar clinic settings.
Macroscopic hematuria caused by running‐induced traumatic bladder mucosal contusions
Authors: Urakami Shinji , Ogawa Kohei , Oka Suguru , Hayashida Michikata , Hagiwara Kiichi , Nagamoto Shoichi , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Yano Akihiro , Kurosawa Kazuhiro , Okaneya Toshikazu 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionTo clarify the mechanisms responsible for running‐induced asymptomatic gross hematuria.Case presentationWe identified 12 patients who visited our outpatient clinic with hematuria after running as a chief complaint. In 9 of 12 patients (75%), cystoscopic findings revealed mucosal contusions at the center of the posterior wall. Our examination including cystoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that this bladder contusion development was caused by the repeated contact of the bladder posterior wall against the fixed bladder neck by vertical motion in the empty bladder lumen during running. All patients with bladder contusion were male because the bladder neck is more firmly fixed to the pelvic floor by the protruding prostate in men than women. Gross hematuria in all patients quickly resolved without treatment after running cessation.ConclusionThis is the first report in which cystoscopic findings showed that running‐induced macroscopic hematuria can be frequently caused by traumatic bladder contusion.
Activation of RANK/RANKL/OPG Pathway Is Involved in the Pathophysiology of Fibrous Dysplasia and Associated With Disease Burden
Authors: de Castro Luis F , Burke Andrea B , Wang Howard D , Tsai Jeffrey , Florenzano Pablo , Pan Kristen S , Bhattacharyya Nisan , Boyce Alison M , Gafni Rachel I , Molinolo Alfredo A , Robey Pamela G , Collins Michael T 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD) is a mosaic disease caused by mutations in GNAS. Constitutive activation of the α-subunit of the Gs stimulatory protein (Gαs) leads to dysregulated proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), generating expansile lesions of fibrotic tissue and abnormal bone. Local bone remodeling regulation by BMSCs is also altered, and FD tissue is characterized by abundant osteoclast-like cells that may be essential for lesion expansion. Animal models show local expression of RANKL in bone lesions, and treatment with the RANKL neutralizing antibody denosumab decreased lesion expansion rate in a patient with aggressive FD. However, the role of RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) in FD pathophysiology is not yet understood. We measured serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and inactive RANKL-OPG complexes in FD patients of known disease burden and in healthy volunteers (HVs). RANK, RANKL, and Ki67 immunohistochemistry were assessed in FD tissue. Cultured FD and HV BMSCs were stimulated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 1,25 vitamin D3 to increase RANKL expression, and media levels of RANKL and OPG were measured. Osteoclastogenic induction by FD or HV BMSCs was assessed in co-cultures with HV peripheral monocytes. FD patients showed a 16-fold increase in serum RANKL compared to HVs. OPG was moderately increased (24%), although RANKL/OPG ratio was 12-fold higher in FD patients than in HVs. These measurements were positively correlated with the skeletal burden score (SBS), a validated marker of overall FD burden. No differences in serum inactive RANKL-OPG complexes were observed. In FD tissue, RANKL+ and Ki67+ fibroblastic cells were observed near RANK+ osteoclasts. High levels of RANKL were released by FD BMSCs cultures, but were undetectable in HV cultures. FD BMSC released less OPG than HV BMSCs. FD, but not HV BMSCs, induced osteoclastogenesis in monocyte co-cultures, which was prevented by denosumab addition. These data are consistent with the role of RANKL as a driver in FD-induced osteoclastogenesis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Age at Onset of Walking in Infancy Is Associated With Hip Shape in Early Old Age
Authors: Ireland Alex , Saunders Fiona R , Muthuri Stella G , Pavlova Anastasia V , Hardy Rebecca J , Martin Kathryn R , Barr Rebecca J , Adams Judith E , Kuh Diana , Aspden Richard M , Gregory Jennifer S , Cooper Rachel 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Bones’ shapes and structures adapt to the muscle and reaction forces they experience during everyday movements. Onset of independent walking, at approximately 12 months, represents the first postnatal exposure of the lower limbs to the large forces associated with bipedal movements; accordingly, earlier walking is associated with greater bone strength. However, associations between early life loading and joint shape have not been explored. We therefore examined associations between walking age and hip shape at age 60 to 64 years in 1423 individuals (740 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally representative British birth cohort. Walking age in months was obtained from maternal interview at age 2 years. Ten modes of variation in hip shape (HM1 to HM10), described by statistical shape models, were ascertained from DXA images. In sex-adjusted analyses, earlier walking age was associated with higher HM1 and HM7 scores; these associations were maintained after further adjustment for height, body composition, and socioeconomic position. Earlier walking was also associated with lower HM2 scores in women only, and lower HM4 scores in men only. Taken together, this suggests that earlier walkers have proportionately larger (HM4) and flatter (HM1, HM4) femoral heads, wider (HM1, HM4, HM7) and flatter (HM1, HM7) femoral necks, a smaller neck-shaft angle (HM1, HM4), anteversion (HM2, HM7), and early development of osteophytes (HM1). These results suggest that age at onset of walking in infancy is associated with variations in hip shape in older age. Early walkers have a larger femoral head and neck and smaller neck-shaft angle; these features are associated with reduced hip fracture risk, but also represent an osteoarthritic-like phenotype. Unlike results of previous studies of walking age and bone mass, associations in this study were not affected by adjustment for lean mass, suggesting that associations may relate directly to skeletal loading in early life when joint shape changes rapidly. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
RETRACTED: Effect of PLK1 inhibition on cisplatin‐resistant gastric cancer cells
Authors: Chen Zihao , Chai Yanling , Zhao Ting , Li Ping , Zhao Lihua , He Fang , Lang Yu , Qin Jing , Ju Hongping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition on cisplatin (DDP)‐resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells. Methods: The transcriptional level of PLK1 was measured by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of PLK1 and its downstream mediators as well as autophagy‐related protein LC3 I/LC3 II were detected by western blot. An 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine immunofluorescent staining were conducted to evaluate the cell viability and replication activity separately. Flow cytometry was carried out to determine the cell cycle status. The GFP‐LC3 vector contributed toward tracking the formation and aggregation of autophagosomes. Results: Drug‐resistant SGC‐7901/DDP cells showed insignificant changes in all phases after DDP treatment, including DNA replication, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, whereas DDP could significantly improve the autophagy level of SGC‐7901/DDP as well as PLK1expression. By downregulating the expression of PLK1, both BI2536 andsi‐PLK1 enhanced SGC‐7901/DDP sensitivity to DDP, suppressing the proliferation and autophagy as well as improving the apoptosis rate. PLK1 inhibition also resulted in the repression of cell division regulators CDC25C and cyclin B1. Conclusion: Together, our experimental results illustrated that the DDP resistance of GC cells might be associated with the aberrant overexpression of PLK1. PLK1 inhibition, including si‐PLK1 and BI2536 treatment, could restore the chemosensitivity of drug‐resistant SGC‐7901/DDP cells and enhance the efficacy of DDP, revealing the potential value of PLK1 inhibition in GC chemotherapy.
Retracted: LINC00707 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression via sponging miR‐206 to increase CDK14
Authors: Tu Jianfei , Zhao Zhongwei , Xu Min , Chen Minjiang , Weng Qiaoyou , Wang Jiangmei , Ji Jiansong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, increasing numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be aberrantly expressed in various cancers. However, the roles of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is largely unknown. In our current study, we identified that long intergenic nonprotein‐coding RNA 707 (LINC00707) was remarkably elevated in HCC cells, indicating that LINC00707 was involved in HCC development. Subsequently, LINC00707 was significantly decreased in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. The in vitro functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of LINC00707 significantly reduced HCC cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and blocked the cell cycle progression. In addition, HCC cell migration and invasion was also greatly inhibited by downregulation of LINC00707. Increasing evidence has indicated that lncRNAs can act as molecular sponges of microRNAs. Currently, we observed that microRNA‐206 (miR‐206) was dramatically inhibited in HCC cells and LINC00707 can modulate HCC development through sponging miR‐206. The binding correlation between LINC00707 and miR‐206 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation assay in our study. Moreover, cyclin‐dependent kinase 14 (CDK14) was predicted as a target of miR‐206 and we found that miR‐206 suppressed CDK14 levels in HCC cells. Finally, in vivo assays were used and it was proved that silence of LINC00707 can restrain HCC development through modulating miR‐206 to upregulate CDK14. In conclusion, it was implied that LINC00707 can lead to HCC progression through sponging miR‐206 and modulating CDK14.
Pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamide as a Potent Precursor for Synthesis of Some New N‐heterocycles of Potential Biological Activity
Authors: El Azab Islam H. , Abu Ali Ola A. , El‐Zahrani Aishah H. , Gobouri Adil A. , Altalhi Tariq A. 
Published: November 2018

Herein, we reported the efficient synthesis of new azoles as bio‐functional analogs, employing the easily obtainable N‐acetyl‐3,5‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothioamide (1), as a versatile precursor. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated based on their IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR mass spectral and elemental analysis. Furthermore, some selected compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activities. The preliminary bioassay results indicate that the majority of the tested compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Compounds 12, 11, 18, 30, 22, 3, and 2 were found to be the most potent against the tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentration ≤ (12.25 μg/mL), indicating that conjugates bearing thiazole moiety, as well as those with N‐substituted electron‐withdrawing groups, exhibited higher potency than the rest of other compounds.
A new ionic liquid surface‐imprinted polymer for selective solid‐phase‐extraction and determination of sulfonamides in environmental samples
Authors: Zhu Guifen , Cheng Guohao , Wang Li , Yu Wenna , Wang Peiyun , Fan Jing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractToward improving the selective adsorption performance of molecularly imprinted polymers in strong polar solvents, in this work, a new ionic liquid functional monomer, 1‐butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide, was used to synthesize sulfamethoxazole imprinted polymer in methanol. The resulting molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy, and the rebinding mechanism of the molecularly imprinted polymer for sulfonamides was studied. A static equilibrium experiment revealed that the as‐obtained molecularly imprinted polymer had higher molecular recognition for sulfonamides (e.g., sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfadiazine) in methanol; however, its adsorption of interferent (e.g., diphenylamine, metronidazole, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, and m‐dihydroxybenzene) was quite low.1H NMR spectroscopy indicated that the excellent recognition performance of the imprinted polymer was based primarily on hydrogen bond, electrostatic and π‐π interactions. Furthermore, the molecularly imprinted polymer can be employed as a solid phase extraction sorbent to effectively extract sulfamethoxazole from a mixed solution. Combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, a valid molecularly imprinted polymer‐solid phase extraction protocol was established for extraction and detection of trace sulfamethoxazole in spiked soil and sediment samples, and with a recovery that ranged from 93–107%, and a relative standard deviation of lower than 9.7%.
Use of a recently developed thermal modulator within the context of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Gas flow optimization aspects
Authors: Zoccali Mariosimone , Giocastro Barbara , Tranchida Peter Q. , Mondello Luigi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present research is based on the use of a recently developed comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography thermal modulator, which is defined as solid‐state modulator. The transfer device was installed on top of a single gas chromatography oven, while benchtop low‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to monitor the compounds exiting the second analytical column. The solid‐state modulator was first described by Luong et al. in 2016, and it is a moving modulator that does not require heating and cooling gases to generate comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography data. The accumulation and remobilization steps occur on a trapping capillary, this being subjected to thermoelectric cooling and micathermic heating. In this study, the effects of the gas linear velocity on the modulation performance were evaluated by using two different uncoated trapping capillaries, viz., 0.8 m × 0.25 mm id and 0.8 m × 0.20 mm id. Solid‐state modulator applications were carried out on a standard solution containing n‐alkanes (C9, C10, C12), and on a sample of diesel fuel. The results indicated that the type of trapping capillary and gas velocity have a profound effect on modulation efficiency.
Comparison of flap outcomes between single‐ and multiple‐perforator‐based free anterolateral thigh flap in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Chih , Tsai Chia‐Chin , Chang Chih‐Hao , Tseng Wan‐Ling , Hung Kuo‐Shu , Chang Tzu‐Yen , Chen Szu‐Han , Lee Yao‐Chou 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe number of perforators required for safe perfusion remains under debate. This study aimed to determine whether a single‐ or multiple‐perforator‐based anterolateral thigh flap yields better flap outcomes in head and neck reconstruction.Patients and MethodsBetween August 2012 and July 2016, 180 men and 4 women with a mean age of 52.8 ± 9.8 years underwent head and neck anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction for oncologic defect in 181 cases, plate exposure in two cases, and trismus release in one case. The flap was patched for inner or external lining, folded for through–through defect, or tubed for cervical esophageal reconstruction. Of 184 flaps, 136 (73.9%) were based on multiple perforators (range, 2–5 perforators), whereas 48 (26.1%) were based on a single perforator. The demographics, operative findings, and flap outcomes were compared.ResultsThe prevalence of systemic diseases between groups was comparable. The mean flap size in the single‐perforator group was smaller (92.8 ± 36.8 vs. 140.5 ± 99.9 cm2, P < .0001). Twenty‐one flaps (11.4%) required emergency take‐back and 13 (61.9%) were successfully salvaged. Eight flaps failed, yielding a 95.7% flap survival rate. The single‐perforator group had a significantly higher rate of emergency take‐back for vascular compromise (8/48 (16.7%) vs. 8/136 (5.9%), P = .035), a decreased salvage success rate (2/8 (25.0%) vs. 11/13 (84.6%), P = .018), and a corresponding lower flap survival rate (42/48 (87.5%) vs. 134/136 (98.5%), P = .004).ConclusionWhenever possible, we recommend including multiple cutaneous perforators in anterolateral thigh flaps to yield better flap outcomes in head and neck reconstruction.
Hardware implementation of optical switching node for data center networks
Authors: Mishra Shivam , Yadav Vikas , Hemanth C. , Sangeetha R. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn high performance data center networks, switching the data from source node to destination node needs a proper signal processing to decode the address bits and switch the data and to avoid contention. In this article, we propose the hardware design for switching the data from one node to other bi‐directionally. The design is verified in an experimental test bed.