bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous MCM‐41 Silica Supported Pyridine Nanoparticle: A Highly Efficient, Recyclable Catalyst for Expeditious Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives through Domino Approach
Authors: Mal Kajal , Chatterjee Sauvik , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new facile and efficient one‐pot three component approach for the preparation of 2, 3, 4‐trisubstituted quinolines by (MCM‐41)‐pyridine catalyzed reaction of easily available substituted isatins and dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates in alcohol has been developed. The (MCM‐41)‐pyridine nanopowder catalyst has been synthesized and the catalyst has been carefully characterized by various techniques including FT‐IR, XRD, HRTEM, EDS, N2‐adsorption analysis etc. The materials obtained exhibit high surface area and a narrow distribution of mesoporosity. The key features of this methodology are mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity and facile product separation, high to excellent yields, as well as simple catalyst recovery and reusability. The most exciting feature of this cascade reaction is its mechanism involving the unusual ring opening of an isatin moiety, then recyclisation, aromatization followed by esterification. The synthesized substituted quinolines are expected to be used as lead compounds for the development of new drugs.
Remarkable Improvement in Photocatalytic Performance for Tannery Wastewater Processing via SnS2 Modified with N‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, and 4‐Nitrophenol‐Aided Cr(VI) Photoreduction
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Liping , Zhu Zhenghui , Zhao Minglei , Zhang Liming , Zhang Nannan , Wu Qiannan , Wang Xiyang , Li Guangshe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic pathways are proved crucial for the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels required for a pollution‐free planet. Electron–hole recombination is a critical problem that has, so far, limited the efficiency of the most promising photocatalytic materials. Here, the efficacy of the 0D N doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) is demonstrated in accelerating the charge separation and transfer and thereby boosting the activity of a narrow‐bandgap SnS2 photocatalytic system. N‐CQDs are in situ loaded onto SnS2 nanosheets in forming N‐CQDs/SnS2 composite via an electrostatic interaction under hydrothermal conditions. Cr(VI) photoreduction rate of N‐CQDs/SnS2 is highly enhanced by engineering the loading contents of N‐CQDs, in which the optimal N‐CQDs/SnS2 with 40 mol% N‐CQDs exhibits a remarkable Cr(VI) photoreduction rate of 0.148 min−1, about 5‐time and 148‐time higher than that of SnS2 and N‐CQDs, respectively. Examining the photoexcited charges via zeta potential, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface photovoltage, and electrochemical impedance spectra indicate that the improved Cr(VI) photodegradation rate is linked to the strong electrostatic attraction between N‐CQDs and SnS2 nanosheets in composite, which favors efficient carrier utilization. To further boost the carrier utilization, 4‐nitrophenol is introduced in this photocatalytic system and the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction is further promoted.
On Jarava, or putting the cart before the horse
Authors: Chiapella Jorge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe change of circumscription of Jarava (Stipeae) from a morphologically homogeneous section with nine species of the genus Stipa to a heterogeneous genus of ca. 60 species is criticized because of the lack of DNA data to support the change. The modification is considered inconvenient in terms of the ICBN article 14.1 on disadvantageous strict application of priority rules, due to the abundance of Stipa in South American arid regions, a fact which is reflected in the extensive use of the name Stipa by Latinamerican botanists.
Highly heterogeneous generic delimitation within the temperate bamboo clade (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): evidence from GBSSI and ITS sequences
Authors: Peng Sheng , Yang Han-Qi , Li De-Zhu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is much debate about the phylogenetic relationships within the temperate bamboo clade inferred from morphological and anatomical data. To investigate these relationships, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial granule‐bound starch synthase I gene (GBSSI) sequences were obtained from 47 species representing the two widely accepted subtribes and 26 genera of the temperate bamboo clade. All analyses of the DNA data using maximum parsimony and Bayesian reference confirm that the temperate bamboos form a robust monophyly with 100% bootstrap support. Our results suggest that the Racemobambosinae is not a member of the temperate clade. The two major subtribes, Arundinariinae and Shibataeinae, are each rejected as monophyletic. This is somewhat unexpected as the definition of the subtribes is based on the inflorescence types that have been widely accepted. Our results also suggest that, in the temperate clade, Arundinaria s.l., Pleioblastus, Chimonobambusa, Sinobambusa, and even the “well‐defined” Phyllostachys, are not monophyletic. Therefore, most genera, as currently delimited, within the temperate clade are highly heterogeneous. Using GBSSI, ITS, and GBSSI‐ITS combined data it is revealed that Phyllostachys and Shibataea are closely related and that the combination of Menstruocalamus and Qiongzhuea and even some species of Sinobambusa into Chimonobambusa is warranted. Brachystachyum is not supported as being derived within Semiarundinaria. This implies that many morphological characters used for subtribal divisions and generic delimitation in the current systems of bamboo classification are homoplastic and that their evolutionary meaning should be reevaluated.
Pluricarpellatia, a nymphaealean angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous of northern Gondwana (Crato Formation, Brazil)
Authors: Mohr Barbara A.R. , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary E.C. , Taylor David Winship 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA fossil herbaceous angiosperm, Pluricarpellatia peltata gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil. The description is based on several nearly complete specimens with roots, cordate, excentrically peltate to centrally peltate leaves, and flowering structures with in situ seeds. The seeds are smooth to verrucate and have the micropyle and hilum close together and have laminar placentation. Pluricarpellatia shares several characters with extant Nymphaeales, such as a rhizomatous growth form and simple, petiolate, peltate leaves, and laminar placentation. Similarities to Cabombaceae include an apocarpous gynoecium. However, the carpel morphology clearly differs from extant Cabombaceae so that Pluricarpellatia is considered to represent an extinct member of Nymphaeales, most likely branching off early in this lineage, and may thus be the most basal member of this clade described so far. In addition to Pluricarpellatia an unnamed nymphaealean plant (Taxon A), possibly belonging to the Nymphaeaceae, is described. During the late Aptian to earliest Albian representatives of Nymphaeales may have already developed a moderate diversity.
Evolutionary inferences from non‐monophyly on molecular trees
Authors: Zander Richard H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraditional taxa that are non‐monophyletic (paraphyletic or polyphyletic) on a molecular phylogenetic tree may be interpreted as surviving ancestors that are evolutionarily static in expressed traits but accumulating DNA changes used to track genetic continuity. In cases in which re‐evolution (convergence) of such taxa is deemed improbable, non‐monophyly may be used to infer evolutionary trees of virtual fossils reflecting macroevolution. A taxon tree or Besseyan cactus of the family Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) is presented as an example. Non‐monophyly may be evolutionarily informative at the taxon level in the same way synapomorphies are phylogenetically informative at the molecular trait level.
Resolving boundaries between species inSphagnumsectionSubsecundausing microsatellite markers
Authors: Karlin Eric F. , Boles Sandra B. , Shaw Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPopulations and species ofSphagnumsectionSubsecundaare morphologically variable and it is often difficult from studying field‐collected plants and herbarium specimens to delimit species. Allelic patterns at 20 microsatellite loci indicate that three distinguishable gene pools can be identified among plants from Australia and New Zealand. All three species are morphologically variable along a moisture gradient and this appears to be largely plastic, without genetic differentiation among species specific morphotypes.SphagnumnovozelandicumandS.comosumappear to have monoploid gametophytes, are closely related, and are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. The former usually occurs at or above water level and the latter is an aquatic plant with extensive morphological variation, ranging from simplex to branched morphotypes.SphagnumfuscovinosumandS.simplexare synonyms ofS.comosum. The third species is a highly disjunct population of theS.auriculatum/S.inundatumcomplex of Europe, which has not previously been reported for Australia and New Zealand. These plants appear to be polyploid and are genetically and morphologically distinct from bothS.novo‐zelandicumandS.comosum. All three species had duplicated loci amplified by one of the microsatellite primer pairs. TenSphagnumspecies are now reported for Australia and New Zealand, with three of these being endemic.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778): his life, philosophy and science and its relationship to modern biology and medicine
Authors: Reid Gordon McGregor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe system of binomial nomenclature and wider taxonomic paradigm forged by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century came from his original approach to understanding the natural world. It was also a product of environmental, economic, social, cultural, political and theological influences of the time. For Linnaeus the identification, naming and classification of different kinds of animals, plants, diseases, fossils and rocks had practical as well as theoretical importance. In his life and work he clearly demonstrates the 'scientific approach' including careful information gathering, exploration, empiricism, dissection, accurate observations and published descriptions. There is an inspirational use of morphological characters in comparative diagnoses, a requirement for material evidence to support hypotheses and the systematic and hierarchical organisation of knowledge. However, techniques for specimen preservation and analysis were limited and sample sizes too small to properly characterise wild populations. Thus he bequeathed artificial and 'typological' more than biological concepts determined by form and pattern rather than process. Species and genera were regarded as fixed, objective entities. This is sometimes associated with the supposedly stultifying effects of Aristotelian essentialism on Linnaean and later taxonomy. 'Natural' classification, as far as developed, was not phyletic but, instead, reflected Wolffianism, a modified creationist doctrine. Nonetheless, Linnaeus was the first to formally recognise the close affinity between humans and primates, a controversial idea later fully developed by Charles Darwin. Even so, Linnaeus did not always distinguish between mythological versus real creatures and incredible versus credible hypotheses. His understanding of 'cause and effect' was circumscribed by prevailing Lutheran theology and Cartesian mechanistic philosophy. Linnaeus was as much a working physician, agriculturalist and land surveyor as he was a taxonomist. Contemporary economic biology and biotechnology are anticipated in his animal and plant breeding and pearl culturing experiments. In the great body of Linnaeus' letters, manuscripts and books are discernable foundations for many other later disciplines. These include: anthropology, biogeography, bioinformatics, biomechanics, biological control, conservation, ecology, epidemiology, Darwinian evolution, ethnography, medical diagnostics, microbiology, palaeontology, pharmacology and phylogenetic systematics.
Male and female separation event trapped in a species tree
Authors: Guibert Cyril , Civeyrel Laure , Linder Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe species‐rich genus Carex (Cyperaceae) is one of the 7% of angiosperm genera containing dioecious species. Dioecy is rare in Carex, only 12 spp. out of the 1,776 recorded taxa having been identified as dioecious. This paper focuses on Carex davalliana and C. dioica, the two dioecious species recorded in Europe. We investigated the nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnTLF, rpl16) phylogenies of European Carex and identified incongruence in the phylogenetic history of both C. davalliana and C. dioica. This incongruence probably resulted from hybridisation. We postulate that dioecism was generated from hybridisation between species of opposite inflorescence morphologies (androgynous vs. gynaecandrous). We discuss the advantages of the separation of genders, taking into account the low number of dioecious species in the genus.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Festuca pannonica, F. valesiaca and F. pseudodalmatica (Poaceae)
Authors: Šmarda Petr , Danihelka Jiří , Foggi Bruno 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe taxonomic identity of Festuca pannonica Wulfen (1809) is analysed, and lectotypes are designated for F. valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin (1811) and F. pseudodalmatica Krajina ex Domin (1929). The nomenclatural and taxonomic histories of these taxa are briefly described, and the lectotypes of their names are analysed morphologically. As the lectotype of F. pannonica is unambiguously referable to F. valesiaca, rejection of the name F. pannonica is desirable and is proposed separately.
Evolutionary patterns in neotropical Helieae (Gentianaceae): evidence from morphology, chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences
Authors: Struwe Lena , Albert Victor A. , Calió Fernanda M. , Frasier Cynthia , Lepis Katherine B. , Mathews Katherine G. , Grant Jason R. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTParsimony‐based phylogenetic analyses of the neotropical tribe Helieae (Gentianaceae) are presented, including 22 of the 23 genera and 60 species. This study is based on data from morphology, palynology, and seed micromorphology (127 structural characters), and DNA sequences (matK, trnL intron, ITS). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS and morphology provided the greatest resolution, morphological data further helping to tentatively place several taxa for which DNA was not available (Celiantha, Lagenanthus, Rogersonanthus, Roraimaea, Senaea, Sipapoantha, Zonanthus). Celiantha, Prepusa and Senaea together appear as the sister clade to the rest of Helieae. The remainder of Helieae is largely divided into two large subclades, the Macrocarpaea subclade and the Symbolanthus subclade. The first subclade includes Macrocarpaea, sister to Chorisepalum, Tachia, and Zonanthus. Irlbachia and Neblinantha are placed as sisters to the Symbolanthus subclade, which includes Aripuana, Calolisianthus, Chelonanthus, Helia, Lagenanthus, Lehmanniella, Purdieanthus, Rogersonanthus, Roraimaea, Sipapoantha, and Symbolanthus. Generic‐level polyphyly is detected in Chelonanthus and Irlbachia. Evolution of morphological characters is discussed, and new pollen and seed characters are evaluated for the first time in a combined morphological‐molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubiaceae) using information from six molecular loci: insights into systematic affinities of Neohymenopogon and Mouretia
Authors: Rydin Catarina , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Khodabandeh Anbar , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeveral recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. We address evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubioideae) with special emphasis on the Asian genera Mouretia and Neohymenopogon, here sequenced for the first time. Both genera belong in the tribe Argostemmateae and have persistent calyx lobes on the fruit in common with Argostemma and Mycetia. Other previous uncertainties are resolved with strong support; Saprosma is sister to Paederieae s. str. and Carpacoce is sister to remaining Anthospermeae. Our results further reveal some phylogenetic problems. Danaideae is sister to remaining taxa in the Spermacoceae alliance with high posterior probability, which contradicts results in a recent study. The uncertainty concerning evolutionary relationships of Dunnia and Theligonum is reinforced, despite a denser taxon sampling in the Spermacoceae alliance compared with earlier studies. We also demonstrate yet another example of the controversial correlation between molecular substitution rate and plant life history.
A phylogenetically based sectional classification of Swartzia (Leguminosae‐Papilionoideae)
Authors: Torke Benjamin M. , Mansano Vidal de Freitas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe species‐rich neotropical tree genus Swartzia (Leguminosae‐Papilionoideae) is a ubiquitous element in Central and South American rainforests. As such, it has been selected as a focal group in ongoing studies of the evolution and assembly of the neotropical flora, but these efforts are hindered by substantial taxonomic problems within Swartzia. The lack of a well‐substantiated infrageneric classification has impeded much needed revisionary work on the genus, since the composition and limits of the various species complexes of Swartzia have not been clearly defined. A recent phylogenetic study of Swartzia with broad sampling of molecular characters and species illustrates the deficiencies of previous classifications of the genus and provides a robust phylogenetic framework for devising a new classification. Here we propose a phylogenetically based classification that places all currently recognized species of Swartzia into 15 sections. The sections, ranging in size from one to thirty‐two species, are morphologically diagnosable and are hypothesized to be monophyletic. Thirteen sectional names are either entirely new or are applied at the sectional rank for the first time. A key to the sections is provided, along with sectional treatments that each include a morphological description, geographic distribution, and list of included species.
The status of “Frangula dodonei” (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Thulin Mats , Jarvis Charlie , Jonsell Bengt , Ryman Svengunnar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe widely used name Frangula alnus (syn. Rhamnus frangula) has in recent years been threatened by F. dodonei, an allegedly older name said to be published in a rare work by Pietro Arduino. However, from the context of Arduino’s paper it is clear that “F. dodonei” is not a binomial; it just happens to look like one, and has no nomenclatural status.
Reduced camptothecin sensitivity of estrogen receptor‐positive human breast cancer cells following exposure to di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is associated with DNA methylation changes
Authors: Chou Chon‐Kit , Huang Hurng‐Wern , Yang Chun‐Feng , Dahms Hans‐Uwe , Liang Shih‐Shin , Wang Tsu‐Nai , Kuo Po‐Lin , Hsi Edward , Tsai Eing‐Mei , Chiu Chien‐Chih 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDi(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) has been considered as an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist due to its ability to interact with ERα and promote the cell proliferation of ERα‐positive breast cancer cells. The impact of DEHP on the chemical therapy in breast cancer is little known. Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 (ERα‐dependent) and MDA‐MB‐231 (ERα‐independent) were examined. We found that DEHP impaired the effectiveness of camptothecin (CPT) and alleviated the CPT‐induced formation of reactive oxygen species in ERα‐positive MCF‐7 cells, but not in ERα‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. DEHP also significantly protected MCF‐7 cells against the genotoxicity of CPT. Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling revealed that after 48 hours of exposure to 100 μM DEHP, MCF‐7 cells exhibited a significant change in their DNA methylation pattern, including hypermethylation of 700 genes and hypomethylation of 221 genes. The impaired therapeutic response to CPT in DEHP‐exposed MCF‐7 cells is probably mediated by epigenetic changes, especially through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. A zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the disruptive effect of DEHP on CPT‐induced anti‐growth of MCF‐7 cells. In summary, DEHP exposure induces acquired CPT‐resistance in breast cancer cells and epigenetic changes associated with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activation are probably depending on an ER‐positive status.
Effect of COD/N ratio on denitrification from nitrite
Authors: Badia Ahmed , Kim Mingu , Nakhla George , Ray Madhumita B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate dynamic specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) from nitrite at various chemical oxygen demand (COD)/nitrogen (N) ratios using municipal wastewater (MWW). A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) continuously fed with primary effluent and nitrite solution was operated at hydraulic retention time of 8.4 hr and solids retention time of 26–30 days for 3 months. Influent MWW characteristics varied significantly during the study, that is, 200–810 mgCOD/L and 6–80 mgN/L. The SDNRs from the SBR were compared with those determined in four batch reactors using acetate. The SDNR was directly related to COD/N until a maximum SDNR (mgNO2–N/mgVSS/day) of 0.07 for MWW and 0.4 for acetate occurred at COD/N ratios of 6 and 13, respectively; beyond this COD/N ratio, SDNR decreased. The biomass yield coefficients (mgVSS/mgCOD) were 0.33 for MWW and 0.51 for acetate. The relationships of SDNR with COD/N and F/M ratios were developed.Practitioner points

The optimum carbon dose for denitrification should be determined using acclimatized biomass.

Each carbon source should only be dosed at an optimum that maximizes denitrification.
Mercury removal from municipal secondary effluent with hydrous ferric oxide reactive filtration
Authors: Beutel Marc W. , Dent Stephen R. , Newcombe Remy L. , Möller Gregory 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the ability of hydrous ferric oxide reactive filtration (HFO‐RF) to remove mercury (Hg) from municipal secondary effluent at four study sites. Pilot HFO‐RF systems (136 m3/day) at two sites demonstrated total Hg concentration removal efficiencies of 96% (inflow/outflow mean total Hg: 43.6/1.6 ng/L) and 80% (4.2/0.8 ng/L). A lightly loaded medium‐scale HFO‐RF system (950 m3/day) had a concentration removal efficiency of 53% (0.98/0.46 ng/L) and removed 0.52 mg/day of total Hg and 2.2 μg/day of methyl‐Hg. A full‐scale HFO‐RF system (11,400 m3/day) yielded a total Hg concentration removal efficiency of 97% (87/2.7 ng/L) and removed an estimated 0.36 kg/year of Hg. Results suggest that the quality of secondary effluent, including dissolved organic matter content, affects achievable minimum total Hg concentrations in effluent from HFO‐RF systems. Low HFO‐RF effluent concentrations (<1 ng/L) can be expected when treating secondary effluent from suspended‐growth biological treatment systems.Practitioner points

Trace levels of mercury in municipal secondary effluent can negatively impact receiving waters.

Hydrous ferric oxide reactive filtration (HFO‐RF) can remove mercury from municipal secondary effluent to levels below the Great Lakes Initiative discharge standard of 1.3 ng/L.

Mercury removal to low concentrations (< 1 ng/L) using HFO‐RF appears to be associated with secondary effluents with low dissolved organic matter content.

HFO‐RF can also remove total phosphorus and turbidity to low concentrations.