bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the energy harvesting of a cooktop via thermoelectric module assisted with phase change material
Authors: Chu Wen‐Xiao , Chen I‐Jing , Chan Chin‐Tung , Wu Jing‐Sian , Wang Chi‐Chuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article presents an effective method for harvesting waste heat from a household cooktop. The energy‐harvesting module contains a thermoelectric (TE) module, heat pipe module, and phase change material (PCM). The effects of TE modules, cooling mediums (air, water, and paraffin), and heat sink configuration and arrangement on the overall performance of the energy harvesting module are examined experimentally. It is found that the cooling process on the cold side of TE plays an essential role on the output voltage and system performance. By adding an air‐cooled heat sink, both output voltage and temperature difference can be moderately improved. Yet using a water‐cooled heat sink can improve the output voltage by about four times higher. Furthermore, the output voltage can be further promoted by using more efficient thermoelectric module. It appears that fewer fins incorporated with the PCM container filled with paraffin shows the optimal energy harvesting performance. Additionally, the recharging time for the full, medium, and low flame operation is tested with 3, 4, and 15 minutes, respectively, and the maximum recharging power of 7.25 W can be achieved with the highest energy storage of 523 mAh after operating 30 minutes.
Further Development and Refinement of Interspecies Correlation Estimation Models for Current-Use Dispersants
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Limited species diversity in aquatic toxicity data for most current-use dispersants leads to uncertainties in hazard assessments, which impacts the broader discussion on dispersant use. Sufficient toxicity data are available for a re-evaluation of previously developed dispersant–interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models. These models increase species diversity because toxicity predictions for untested species are made from the known toxicity for surrogates. Data were used to refine 4 and develop 25 new dispersant-ICE models. Most of the new models are for species not included in the &gt;2000 existing ICE models, and contain a higher species diversity than the original dispersant-ICE models (19 vs 7 species). Dispersant-ICE models predict toxicity with reasonably accuracy: predictions were within 3-fold of observed values (new models: 70% of 132 predictions; refined models: 88% of 83 predictions), and species sensitivity distributions developed with ICE-predicted data only were in most cases not statistically significantly different from those developed with empirical data (83% of 23 paired comparisons). Examples of the practical application of dispersant-ICE models, including laboratory-to-field comparisons within the context of operational dispersant application rates, are also presented. The significance of these results is that dispersant-ICE models could fill gaps in species diversity, and thus help to address concerns about species sensitivities related to the use of dispersants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1682–1691. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
SSDs for two dispersants enhanced with aquatic toxicity predictions from dispersant-ICE models. ICE = interspecies correlation estimation; HC5 = 5th percentile hazard concentration.
Linking Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Organismal and Population Health in the Context of Environmental Pollutants: Progress and Considerations for Mitochondrial Adverse Outcome Pathways
Authors: Dreier David A. , Mello Danielle F. , Meyer Joel N. , Martyniuk Christopher J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mitochondria are key targets of many environmental contaminants, because specific chemicals can interact directly with mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and ribonucleic acids. These direct interactions serve as molecular initiating events that impede adenosine triphosphate production and other critical functions that mitochondria serve within the cell (e.g., calcium and metal homeostasis, apoptosis, immune signaling, redox balance). A limited but growing number of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to associate mitochondrial dysfunction with effects at organismal and population levels. These pathways involve key events such as altered membrane potential, mitochondrial fission/fusion, and mitochondrial DNA damage, among others. The present critical review and analysis reveals current progress on AOPs involving mitochondrial dysfunction, and, using a network-based computational approach, identifies the localization of mitochondrial molecular initiating events and key events within multiple existing AOPs. We also present 2 case studies, the first examining the interaction between mitochondria and immunotoxicity, and the second examining the role of early mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of behavior (i.e., locomotor activity). We discuss limitations in our current understanding of mitochondrial AOPs and highlight opportunities for clarifying their details. Advancing our knowledge of key event relationships within the AOP framework will require high-throughput datasets that permit the development and testing of chemical-agnostic AOPs, as well as high-resolution research that will enhance the mechanistic testing and validation of these key event relationships. Given the wide range of chemicals that affect mitochondria, and the centrality of energy production and signaling to ecologically important outcomes such as pathogen defense, homeostasis, growth, and reproduction, a better understanding of mitochondrial AOPs is expected to play a significant, if not central, role in environmental toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1625–1634. © 2019 SETAC
A novel dynamic framework to detect DDoS in SDN using metaheuristic clustering
Authors: Shakil Muhammad , Fuad Yousif Mohammed Alaelddin , Arul Rajakumar , Bashir Ali Kashif , Choi Jun Kyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSecurity is a crucial factor in the continuously evolving programmable networks. With the emergence of programmable networking terminals, the need to protect the networks has become mandatory. Software‐defined networks (SDNs) provide programmable switches, thereby isolating the data plane from the control plane. Many security algorithms have been proposed to protect the network; however, they have failed to protect SDNs from attacks such as distributed denial of service (DDoS), jamming, and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. In this article, we only address the DDoS attack that prevails in SDNs. Isolation of the control plane from the data plane increases the probability of an attack on the data plane. Therefore, a framework that can handle the dynamic traffic and can protect the network from DDoS attacks is required. Our proposed whale optimization algorithm–based clustering for DDoS detection (WOA‐DD) avoids the DDoS attacks using a metaheuristic approach by clustering the attack requests. We evaluated this algorithm for robustness in comparison with several existing solutions and found it to be safe under several conditions. The proposed attack request clustering is explored to check its feasibility with various machine learning approaches and found to be stable with the prevailing mechanisms. Analysis of the algorithm under varied conditions reveals that WOA‐DD is robust, stable, and efficient against DDoS attacks.
Aging restricts the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes during remyelination
Authors: Rivera Francisco J. , de la Fuente Alerie G. , Zhao Chao , Silva Maria E. , Gonzalez Ginez A. , Wodnar Roman , Feichtner Martina , Lange Simona , Errea Oihana , Priglinger Eleni , O'Sullivan Anna , Romanelli Pasquale , Jadasz Janusz J. , Brachtl Gabriele , Greil Richard , Tempfer Herbert , Traweger Andreas , Bátiz Luis F. , Küry Patrick , Couillard‐Despres Sebastien , Franklin Robin J. M. , Aigner Ludwig 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to severe neurological deficits. Due to their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities and their ability to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being developed for autologous cell therapy in MS. As aging reduces the regenerative capacity of all tissues, it is of relevance to investigate whether MSCs retain their pro‐oligodendrogenic activity with increasing age. We demonstrate that MSCs derived from aged rats have a reduced capacity to induce oligodendrocyte differentiation of adult CNS stem/progenitor cells. Aging also abolished the ability of MSCs to enhance the generation of myelin‐like sheaths in demyelinated cerebellar slice cultures. Finally, in a rat model for CNS demyelination, aging suppressed the capability of systemically transplanted MSCs to boost oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation during remyelination. Thus, aging restricts the ability of MSCs to support the generation of oligodendrocytes and consequently inhibits their capacity to enhance the generation of myelin‐like sheaths. These findings may impact on the design of therapies using autologous MSCs in older MS patients.
Dementia outcomes after addition of proxy‐based assessments for deceased or proxy‐dependent participants
Authors: Gaussoin Sarah A. , Espeland Mark A. , Beavers Daniel P. , Casanova Ramon , Garcia Katelyn R. , Snively Beverly M. , Shumaker Sally A. , Wallace Robert B. , Rapp Stephen R. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesAs people age and the incidence of dementia increases, studies of cognitive function continue to be of importance. Ascertaining cognitive data through different mechanisms is necessary to address missing data concerns.MethodsThe Dementia Questionnaire (DQ), which utilizes proxy‐based assessments, is a potential tool to determine cognitive status in participants no longer being followed per traditional study protocol. The DQ is currently being used in the Supplemental Case Ascertainment Protocol (SCAP), which is being conducted in an ongoing study of postmenopausal women as part of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS).ResultsNinety‐four percent of the 1260 SCAP participants were eligible because of being deceased. Those who are SCAP eligible were older, were less likely to be a minority, and were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, and prior history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as being a past or current smoker. SCAP added 109 cases of probable dementia to WHIMS. Risk factor relationships were modified upon inclusion of the SCAP cases including an attenuation of a hormone therapy effect and discovery of a hypertension effect.ConclusionsAugmenting clinic‐based cases with proxy‐based assessments is feasible and leads to increased incident cases of dementia. When planning future clinical trials, it may be of study benefit to include a protocol of proxy‐based assessments, develop strong relationships with proxies early on in the study, and attempt to maintain this relationship throughout the lifespan of the trial.
The impact of military service on the mental health of older UK veterans: A qualitative study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Harwood Hannah , Greenberg Karla , Stevelink Sharon A.M. , Greenberg Neil 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThere may be ongoing psychological problems associated with military service later in life; yet as the elderly in the general population also suffer from mental health problems, whether such issues can be attributed to military service or are a feature of ageing remains unclear. This study aimed to explore veteran and nonveteran perceptions of the impact of their occupation on their psychological well‐being later in life.MethodsTwenty‐five veterans (≥65 y); 25 nonveterans (≥65 y); 10 veterans with diagnoses of mental health issues (≥65 y); and a close companion of all participants (≥18 y, spouse, child, and close friend) were recruited. Using a qualitative approach, participants completed semistructured qualitative interviews with measures of psychological adjustment used to describe the sample.ResultsVeterans were found to experience higher levels of workplace stress and trauma exposure compared with nonveterans. When such challenges were positively appraised, veterans described increased confidence and resilience. Social support in response to occupational stress was central to veteran and nonveteran well‐being, especially for those with mental health problems. Nonetheless, providing support was challenging for close companions, with many feeling overwhelmed and requiring additional guidance from the veteran's clinical care team.ConclusionsThe findings delineate the impact of occupation on the well‐being of older veterans and nonveterans. The results illustrated the psychological support needs and formal guidance desired by veterans, nonveterans, and their families, which could ultimately improve coping of both the individual and family.
Fear of falling: A manifestation of executive dysfunction?
Authors: Peeters Geeske , Feeney Joanne , Carey Daniel , Kennelly Sean , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveFear of falling (FoF) may be an early marker of decline in global cognitive functioning, but associations with specific domains of cognitive functioning are unclear. The aim was to examine associations between FoF and 4‐year decline in memory, processing speed, and executive functioning in adults aged 50 years and older.MethodsData were from 5174 participants (mean age = 62.6 ± 8.9 years, range = 50‐91, 54.5% female) in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a population‐based study.MeasurementsFoF was self‐reported in 2009 to 2011. Immediate and delayed recall, Colour Trails 1 and 2, choice reaction time, sustained attention to response task, and verbal fluency were measured in 2009 to 2011 and 2014 to 2015. Prospective associations between FoF and domains of cognitive functioning were examined using linear mixed modelling. Adjustment was made for demographic and health factors. Interactions with age were examined.ResultsIn 2009 to 2011, 20.6% of participants reported FoF. No statistically significant interaction of FoF with age was found for any of the associations (P ≥ .06). Participants with FoF had greater decline on delayed recall (B = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.06), verbal fluency (B = −0.52; 95% CI, −0.88 to −0.18); and the ln‐transformed scores for the Colour Trails 1 test (B = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.07 to −0.01) and the Colour Trails 2 test (B = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.02) than participants without FoF. No statistically significant associations were found for any of the other outcomes.ConclusionsFoF may be an indicator of decline in domains of cognitive functioning, particularly those related to executive function and processing speed. However, studies with longer follow‐up and/or higher average age are required to confirm this.
An innovative reconstruction procedure of total nasal resurfacing with a bipedicled propeller perforator flap
Authors: de Bonnecaze Guillaume , Chaput Benoit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA forehead frontal flap is the treatment of choice for complex nasal defects. However, in patients with contra indications for such frontal flaps, few alternatives are available.MethodsWe developed a three‐stage, nasal reconstruction procedure using a bipedicled, propeller perforator flap based on the modiolus perforators. Here, we describe the flap, the harvesting thereof, and the 6‐month outcomes after placement.ResultsThe flap did not exhibit any sign of necrosis or congestion. Six months after reconstruction, the patient had not suffered any esthetic or functional sequela.ConclusionAlthough the indications for our new flap are less numerous than those for a frontal flap, our flap is a useful alternative when frontal flap placement is not feasible (or the patient refuses such a flap) and when placement of a free flap is too risky.
Assessment of quality and consistency of monoclonal antibodies for CB1 and CB2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Daniels Kelly E. , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Mardekian Stacey K. , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , South Andrew P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMarijuana has numerous roles as an agonist in the endocannabinoid signaling system (ESS). This study evaluated monoclonal antibodies across experimental techniques to establish a framework for studying ESS receptors, CB1 and CB2.MethodsTissue from five patients with head and neck cancer were used to generate cell lines and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) sections, which were analyzed by western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Subgroup analysis was performed on FFPE sections from 8 marijuana users and 10 controls by IHC. Results were compared across methods for consistency.ResultsIn all patients, WB and IF were CB1 positive, whereas IHC was negative. Select samples were CB2 positive by WB, but failed IF and IHC applications. In subgroup analysis, 1 of 8 users and 3 of 10 nonusers were CB1 positive.ConclusionsInterpretation of CB1/CB2 antibody data should be performed cautiously and confirmation of findings across multiple experimental methods is recommended.
Prediction of survival with combining quantitative 18F‐FDG PET/CT and DW‐MRI parameters in sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Gencturk Mehmet , Caicedo‐Granados Emiro , Li Faqian , Cayci Zuzan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to establish the prognostic value of 18F‐fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron emission/CT (18F‐FDG PET/CT) and diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI in determining overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) of sinonasal malignancies.MethodsSixty‐eight patients with sinonasal cancer who underwent both pretreatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan and head‐neck MRI from January 2009 through August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and DW‐MRI parameters were performed for OS, PFS, and DMFS.ResultsCox regression analysis determined that all the quantitative 18F‐FDG PET/CT and DW‐MRI parameters were independently correlated with PFS, DMFS, and OS (P < .05). After controlling for imaging variables, perineural invasion (P = .02) and ill‐defined margin (P = .02) were found to be significantly correlated with shorter OS; while the perineural invasion was significantly correlated with shorter PFS (P = .02).ConclusionsThe pretreatment DW‐MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT parameters could be substantial surrogate markers for sinonasal malignancies.
Fecal Microbial Transplant Capsules Are Safe in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Phase 1, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Salzman Nita H. , Acharya Chathur , Sterling Richard K. , White Melanie B. , Gavis Edith A. , Fagan Andrew , Hayward Michael , Holtz Mary L. , Matherly Scott , Lee Hannah , Osman Majdi , Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Fuchs Michael , Puri Puneet , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick M. 
Published: May 2019

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can cause major morbidity despite standard of care (SOC; rifaximin/lactulose). Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) enemas postantibiotics are safe, but the effect of FMT without antibiotics using the capsular route requires investigation. The aim of this work was to determine the safety, tolerability, and impact on mucosal/stool microbiota and brain function in HE after capsular FMT in a randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in Virginia. Patients with cirrhosis with recurrent HE with MELD (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease) <17 on SOC were randomized 1:1 into receiving 15 FMT capsules versus placebo from a single donor enriched in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Endoscopies with duodenal and sigmoid biopsies, stool analysis, cognition, serum lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), and duodenal antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression at baseline were used. Clinical follow‐up with SOC maintenance was performed until 5 months. FMT‐assigned patients underwent repeat endoscopies 4 weeks postenrollment. Twenty subjects on lactulose/rifaximin were randomized 1:1. MELD score was similar at baseline (9.6 vs. 10.2) and study end (10.2 vs. 10.5). Six patients in the placebo group required hospitalizations compared to 1 in FMT, which was deemed unrelated to FMT. Infection/HE episodes were similar between groups. Baseline microbial diversity was similar in all tissues between groups. Post‐FMT, duodenal mucosal diversity (P = 0.01) increased with higher Ruminococcaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae and lower Streptococcaceae and Veillonellaceae. Reduction in Veillonellaceae were noted post‐FMT in sigmoid (P = 0.04) and stool (P = 0.05). Duodenal E‐cadherin (P = 0.03) and defensin alpha 5 (P = 0.03) increased whereas interleukin‐6 (P = 0.02) and serum LBP (P = 0.009) reduced post‐FMT. EncephalApp performance improved post‐FMT only (P = 0.02). Conclusion: In this phase 1 study, oral FMT capsules are safe and well tolerated in patients with cirrhosis and recurrent HE. FMT was associated with improved duodenal mucosal diversity, dysbiosis, and AMP expression, reduced LBP, and improved EncephalApp performance. Further studies are needed to prove efficacy.
Prediction of local heat transfer characteristics of dilute gas‐solid flows through an adiabatic, horizontal pipe
Authors: Patro Brundaban , Kiran Kumar K. , Jaya Krishna D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe local heat transfer characteristics of gas‐solid flows through an adiabatic, horizontal pipe are numerically studied using the two‐fluid model of Ansys Fluent 15. First, the model is validated with the experimental results available in the literature for the air temperature and average Nusselt number. Then, the local heat transfer characteristics of gas‐solid flows, such as temperature profiles of gas and solid, gas‐solid Nusselt number, logarithmic mean temperature difference, and effectiveness of gas and solid, are studied by changing different parameters (gas velocities 15‐24 m/s; inlet solid loading ratios 0.1‐1; particle diameters 100‐400 µm). It is observed that increasing the particle diameter and inlet gas velocity increases the gas temperature and decreases the solid temperature, increases the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and decreases the thermal effectiveness of gas and solid. However, increasing the solid loading ratio decreases the gas and solid temperatures, decreases the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and increases the thermal effectiveness of gas and decreases the thermal effectiveness of solid. Moreover, increasing the particle diameter decreases the gas‐solid Nusselt number, whereas increasing the solid loading ratio and inlet gas velocity increase the gas‐solid Nusselt number.
Maternal sepsis is an evolving challenge
Authors: Turner Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite major advances in the last century, particularly in high resource settings, maternal sepsis remains a common and potentially preventable cause of direct maternal death globally. A barrier to further progress has been the lack of consensus on the definition of maternal sepsis. Publications from two recent multidisciplinary consensus conferences, one on sepsis in the non‐pregnant adult and the other on sepsis in the pregnant woman, concluded that the criteria for diagnosing sepsis should be clinically‐based, applicable at the bedside, and should not be laboratory‐based. Informed by reviews of the evidence, in 2017 WHO published a new definition of maternal sepsis based on the presence of suspected or confirmed infection. It also announced a Global Maternal and Neonatal Sepsis Initiative to identify the diagnostic criteria for the early identification, epidemiology, and disease classification of maternal sepsis. Standardizing the criteria for maternal sepsis optimizes clinical audit and research. It may facilitate the evaluation of the role of different clinical parameters and biomarkers in the diagnosis, earlier recognition and management of maternal infection and sepsis. Further work is required to develop an international consensus on the criteria for diagnosing maternal sepsis and any associated organ dysfunction.