bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatilization kinetics of chromium oxide, manganese oxide, and manganese chromium spinel at high temperatures in environments containing water vapor
Authors: Stenzel Alexander , Fähsing Diana , Schütze Michael , Galetz Mathias C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPerformance degradation of solid oxide fuel cells due to chromium volatilization is a well‐investigated issue in the literature. Therefore, retention coatings were developed to distinctly reduce the chromium volatilization. One approach was by alloying with manganese to ferritic steels to form manganese chromium spinel which is reported to decrease chromium volatilization by 61–75%. In the present paper, the volatilization rates of pure manganese chromium spinel ceramics were examined as well as those of the two oxides forming this spinel—pure chromium oxide and pure manganese oxide—in synthetic air containing 10% water vapor (high p(O2)) and argon/hydrogen containing 10% water vapor (low p(O2)) at 850°C, 950°C, and 1,050°C. Chromium oxide showed higher volatilization rates in high p(O2), whereas manganese oxide demonstrated higher volatilization rates in low p(O2). Contradictory to the literature, manganese chromium spinel displayed the highest volatilization rates in both atmospheres and nonlinear kinetics behavior. This deviation from linear behavior can be attributed to diffusion‐controlled volatilization in high p(O2).
‐Theory for Schrödinger systems
Authors: Kunze M. , Lorenzi L. , Maichine A. , Rhandi A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, we study for the ‐realization of the vector‐valued Schrödinger operator . Using a noncommutative version of the Dore–Venni theorem due to Monniaux and Prüss, we prove that the ‐realization of , defined on the intersection of the natural domains of the differential and multiplication operators which form , generates a strongly continuous contraction semigroup on . We also study additional properties of the semigroup such as extension to L1, positivity, ultracontractivity and prove that the generator has compact resolvent.
Single‐stage cross‐facial nerve grafting has a result equivalent to that of two‐stage cross‐facial nerve grafting
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Ha Jeong Hyun , Kim Il‐Kug , Jin Ung Sik , Chang Hak 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundsCross‐face nerve grafting (CFNG) is an important treatment for patients with facial palsy. Currently, two‐stage CFNG is frequently performed. CFNG is performed first, followed by coaptation when innervation reaches the grafted nerve ending. The present study compared single‐stage CFNG with conventional two‐stage CFNG.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 17 patients who underwent CFNG with zygomatic and buccal branch with hypoglossal crossover. Patients with single‐stage (group 1) and two‐stage (group 2) CFNG were comparatively analyzed 2 years postoperatively. There were nine and eight patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The patient's perioperative status was measured with imaging and animation using the Yanagihara grade, altitude, and angle differences of the oral commissure and eye closure.ResultsPatients in group 1 could recognize their first postoperative spontaneous movement earlier than those in group 2 (268.3 ± 25.1 days vs. 327.5 ± 51.3 days, respectively, p = 0.015). The Yanagihara grade significantly improved for patients in both groups postoperatively (group 1: 12.8 ± 5.5 to 25.3 ± 6.1, p < 0.01; group 2: 12.4 ± 5.6 to 24.3 ± 5.0, p = 0.012). Height and angle difference of the oral commissure showed a significant improvement during resting and smiling in both groups. Eye closure also showed significant improvement in both groups (group 1: 4.1 ± 0.6 to 2.6 ± 0.5, p < 0.01; group 2: 4.0 ± 0.5 to 2.8 ± 0.7, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the postoperative improvement rate between the groups.ConclusionsSingle‐stage CFNG shows results equivalent to those of two‐stage CFNG. Single‐stage CFNG is associated with a shorter treatment period and fewer operations.
An external compress‐release protocol induces dynamic elasticity in the porcine bladder: A novel technique for the treatment of overactive bladder?
Authors: Balthazar Andrea , Cullingsworth Zachary E. , Nandanan Naveen , Anele Uzoma , Swavely Natalie R. , Speich John E. , Klausner Adam P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDynamic elasticity is an acutely regulated bladder material property through which filling and passive emptying produce strain softening, and active voiding restores baseline pressure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that strain softening produced by filling‐passive emptying is equivalent to that produced by compression‐release in a porcine bladder model.Methods/materialsLatex balloons and ex vivo perfused pig bladders were used for a series of alternating fill‐passive emptying (“Fill”) and external compress‐release (“Press”) protocols. For the Fill protocol balloons/bladders were (1) filled to defined volumes (prestrain softening), (2) filled to capacity to strain soften (reference), and (3) passively emptied to the original volume (poststrain softening). For the Press protocol, balloons/bladders were (1) filled to defined volumes (prestrain softening), (2) externally compressed to reference pressure and then released for five cycles (poststrain softening). After each protocol, bladders were voided with high‐KCl buffer to induce “active” voiding.ResultsIn both balloons and porcine bladder, both the Fill and Press protocols produced significant strain softening (P < 0.05) and poststrain softening pressures were not different for Fill and Press protocols (P > 0.05), indicating a similar degree of strain softening with both methods.ConclusionsRepeated external compression can induce bladder strain softening similar to filling and passive emptying. This technique may represent a means to acutely regulate bladder compliance and potentially be used as a mechanical treatment for urinary urgency.
The utilization and challenges of Japan's MID‐NET® medical information database network in postmarketing drug safety assessments: A summary of pilot pharmacoepidemiological studies
Authors: Yamada Kaori , Itoh Maori , Fujimura Yoshiaki , Kimura Michio , Murata Koichiro , Nakashima Naoki , Nakayama Masaharu , Ohe Kazuhiko , Orii Takao , Sueoka Eizaburo , Suzuki Takahiro , Yokoi Hideto , Ishiguro Chieko , Uyama Yoshiaki ,   on behalf of MID‐NET project group
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the potential role of Medical Information Database Network (MID‐NET®), a newly established Japanese medical information database network, in postmarketing drug safety assessments through the characterization of its advantages and limitations in five pilot studies.MethodsThe pilot studies were designed to address three major objectives in postmarketing drug safety assessments, ie, the examination of actual drug utilization, the impact of safety‐related regulatory actions, and drug‐associated risks. The five studies were conducted on the following topics: (a) utilization of codeine‐containing products and its relationship with respiratory depression, (b) impact of a Dear Healthcare Professional letter on hypocalcemia incidence associated with denosumab (Ranmark®) use, (c) risk of acute myocardial infarction associated with antidiabetic drug use, (d) risk of glucose metabolism disorders associated with atypical antipsychotic drug use, and (e) prospective monitoring of abnormal laboratory test results during new drug prescriptions.ResultsThe pilot studies were successfully conducted and demonstrated the value of MID‐NET® in postmarketing drug safety assessments. In particular, the ability to utilize laboratory test results as objective clinical indicators is a major advantage of this database. Potential limitations include a relatively small sample size and a lack of patient‐level data linkages among hospitals.ConclusionsMID‐NET® was confirmed to be a valuable database for postmarketing drug safety assessments. The use of laboratory test results to define clinical outcomes may allow more objective and accurate analyses to be conducted. These studies furthered our understanding of the characteristics of MID‐NET®, including its advantages and limitations.
In situ generated amine as a Lewis base catalyst in the reaction of 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane in nitric acid: Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chi Guoli , He Ying , Xu Zishuai , Zhang Luyao , Luo Jun , Zhou Baojing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe problem how ammonium nitrate affects the nitrolysis of 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DPT) in nitric acid to prepare 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) has puzzled chemists for decades. In this paper, experimental work and theoretical calculation are described to investigate the long‐standing challenge. The experiment results showed that ammonium nitrate or alkylammonium chlorides were in favor of the formation of 1‐nitroso‐3,5,7‐trinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (MNX) but hindered the conversion of MNX to HMX. A plausible catalytic mechanism was proposed. In which ammonia or amines, in situ generated from the unfavorable balance with their salts, act as Lewis base catalysts. At the same time, the DFT computation results reveal that rigid bicyclic transition states established with 1‐hydroxymethyl‐3,5,7‐trinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane, ammonia (or amines) and three water molecules lead to very low activation energies. Then, a novel process for the preparation of MNX with excellent yield up to 78.5% was developed, which is free of the use of NaNO2 or N2O4 as nitroso resources.
Randomized clinical trial of high concentration versus titrated oxygen use in pediatric asthma
Authors: Patel Bhavi , Khine Hnin , Shah Ami , Sung Deborah , Medar Shivanand , Singer Lewis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of high concentration to titrated oxygen therapy (HCOT) on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtCO2) level in pediatric asthma exacerbation. Titrated oxygen therapy (TOT) in acute asthma will avoid a rise in PtCO
2 in the pediatric population.MethodThe study design is a prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing HCOT (maintain SpO2 92‐95%) while being treated for asthma exacerbation in the emergency department (ED). Inclusion criteria: 2 to 18 years, previously diagnosed asthma with acute exacerbation (asthma score >5). PtCO2 and asthma scores were measured at 0, 20, 40, 60 minutes and then every 30 minutes until disposition decision. The primary outcome was a change in PtCO
2. Secondary outcomes were admission rate and change in asthma score.ResultsA total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 8.27 years; 49 in HCOT and 47 in the TOT group. The 0 minute PtCO2 was similar (35.33 + 3.88 HCOT vs 36.66 + 4.69 TOT, P = 0.13); whereas, the 60 minutes PtCO
2 was higher in the HCOT (38.08 + 5.11 HCOT vs 35.51 + 4.57 TOT, P = 0.01). The asthma score was similar at 0 minute (7.55 + 1.34 HCOT vs 7.30 + 1.18 TOT, P = 0.33); whereas, the 60 minutes asthma score was lower in the TOT (4.71 + 1.38 HCOT vs 3.57 + 1.25 TOT, P = 0.0001). The rate of admission to the hospital was 40.5% in HCOT vs 25.5% in the TOT (P = 0.088).ConclusionsHCOT in pediatric asthma exacerbation leads to significantly higher carbon dioxide levels, which increases asthma scores and trends towards the increasing rate of admission. Larger studies are needed to explore this association.
Free energy calculations elucidate substrate binding, gating mechanism, and tolerance‐promoting mutations in herbicide target 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Authors: Schindler Christina E. M. , Hollenbach Eva , Mietzner Thomas , Schleifer Klaus‐Jürgen , Zacharias Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) catalyzes the second reaction in the tyrosine catabolism and is linked to the production of cofactors plastoquinone and tocopherol in plants. This important biological role has put HPPD in the focus of current herbicide design efforts including the development of herbicide‐tolerant mutants. However, the molecular mechanisms of substrate binding and herbicide tolerance have yet to be elucidated. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to characterize active site gating by the C‐terminal helix H11 in HPPD. We compared gating equilibria in Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and Zea mays (Zm) wild‐type proteins retrieving the experimentally observed preferred orientations from the simulations. We investigated the influence of substrate and product binding on the open–closed transition and discovered a ligand‐mediated conformational switch in H11 that mediates rapid substrate access followed by active site closing and efficient product release through H11 opening. We further studied H11 gating in At mutant HPPD, and found large differences with correlation to experimentally measured herbicide tolerance. The computational findings were then used to design a new At mutant HPPD protein that showed increased tolerance to six commercially available HPPD inhibitors in biochemical in vitro experiments. Our results underline the importance of protein flexibility and conformational transitions in substrate recognition and enzyme inhibition by herbicides.
A structural view of bacterial DNA replication
Authors: Oakley Aaron J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDNA replication mechanisms are conserved across all organisms. The proteins required to initiate, coordinate, and complete the replication process are best characterized in model organisms such as Escherichia coli. These include nucleotide triphosphate‐driven nanomachines such as the DNA‐unwinding helicase DnaB and the clamp loader complex that loads DNA‐clamps onto primer–template junctions. DNA‐clamps are required for the processivity of the DNA polymerase III core, a heterotrimer of α, ε, and θ, required for leading‐ and lagging‐strand synthesis. DnaB binds the DnaG primase that synthesizes RNA primers on both strands. Representative structures are available for most classes of DNA replication proteins, although there are gaps in our understanding of their interactions and the structural transitions that occur in nanomachines such as the helicase, clamp loader, and replicase core as they function. Reviewed here is the structural biology of these bacterial DNA replication proteins and prospects for future research.
3D path planning for flexible needle steering in neurosurgery
Authors: Hong Ayoung , Boehler Quentin , Moser Roman , Zemmar Ajmal , Stieglitz Lennart , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground: We propose a 3D path planning method to steer flexible needles along curved paths in the context of deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures.Methods: Our approach is based on a rapidly exploring random tree strategy, and it takes into account constraints coming from anatomical obstacles and physical constraints dictated by flexible needle kinematics. The strategy is evaluated in simulation on a realistic 3D CAD model of the brain.Results: The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the fornix can be reached along several curved paths from various entry points. As compared with the usual straight line path, these curved paths avoid tissue damage to important neural structures while allowing for a much greater selection of entry points.Conclusions: This path planning method offers alternative curved paths to reach DBS targets with flexible needles. The method potentially leads to safer paths and additional entry points capable of reaching the desired stimulation targets.
Towards an effective use of language to explain light in the museum
Authors: Afonso Susana , Afonso Ana Sofia , Rodrigues Francisco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMuseum educators play a key role in explaining science in a museum. Verbal language is primarily used to communicate scientific concepts, but the way language shapes the explanations provided has not been investigated. This qualitative study focuses on the explanations about light provided by three museum educators to eighth grade students (13–14 years old), during unstructured visits to a science museum. The visits were audio‐recorded and field notes were taken. The museum educators' language was analyzed at a microlevel, through the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics and Conceptual Metaphor theory. The results of this analysis coupled with a multidimensional framework for analyzing explanations allowed an understanding on what is explained and how it is explained in the museum by museum educators. Findings show that explanations were descriptive and causal, structured by the use of hybrid lexicon and by conceptual metaphors, whose quality depends on the structural similarity between domains. Furthermore, the explanations based on geometric optics were qualitative and with low level of precision, complexity, and abstractness.
Halogen Atom and Position Dependent Strong Enhancement of Solid‐State Fluorescence and Stimuli Responsive Reversible Fluorescence Switching
Authors: Gayathri Parthasarathy , Karthikeyan Subramanian , Moon Dohyun , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHalogen (F, Cl and Br) substituted triphenylamine (TPA)‐phenylacetonitrile donor‐acceptor aggregation enhanced emissive (AEE) compounds have been synthesized and investigated halogen atom and substitution position dependent solid‐state fluorescence. Interestingly, para position substituted compounds exhibited stronger fluorescence compared to meta position substituted compounds. Further, strong enhancement of fluorescence efficiency was observed with increase of atomic size from H to Br (Φf=11.81 to 33.05%). Solid state structural studies revealed formation of halogen‐H and halogen‐π interactions in the crystal lattice that rigidified the fluorophores and enhanced the fluorescence. Computational studies have been performed to get insight on the fluorescence efficiency modulation by halogen. Integration of propeller shaped TPA lead to external stimuli induced reversible/self‐reversible fluorescence switching. PXRD studies confirmed self‐recovering of crystalline state after crushing. Fluorescent PMMA polymer thin films of halogen derivatives showed off‐on fluorescence switching upon exposure of acid and base/heating. Thus, the present studies indicate that halogen could be employed for strongly enhancing fluorescence efficiency of organic compounds that might be of potential interest for optoelectronic device application.
Rational Design of a Flexible CNTs@PDMS Film Patterned by Bio‐Inspired Templates as a Strain Sensor and Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Chenjun , Li Hui , Huang Aoming , Zhang Qiao , Rui Kun , Lin Huijuan , Sun Gengzhi , Zhu Jixin , Peng Huisheng , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlexible devices integrated with sensing and energy storage functions are highly desirable due to their potential application in wearable electronics and human motion detection. Here, a flexible film is designed in a facile and low‐cost leaf templating process, comprising wrinkled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the conductive layer and patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with bio‐inspired microstructure as a soft substrate. Assembled from wrinkled CNTs on patterned PDMS film, a strain sensor is realized to possess sensitive resistance response against various deformations, producing a resistance response of 0.34%, 0.14%, and 9.1% under bending, pressing, and 20% strain, respectively. Besides, the strain sensor can reach a resistance response of 3.01 when stretched to 44%. Furthermore, through the electro‐deposition of polyaniline, the CNTs film is developed into a supercapacitor, which exhibits a specific capacitance of 176 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of 88% after 10 000 cycles. In addition, the fabricated supercapacitor shows super flexibility, delivering a capacitance retention of 98% after 180° bending for 100 cycles, 95% after 45° twisting for 100 cycles, and 98% after 100% stretching for 400 cycles. The superior capacitance stability demonstrates that the design of wrinkled CNTs‐based electrodes fixed by microstructures is beneficial to the excellent electrochemical performance.
Enhancing Antioxidant Effect against Peroxyl Radical‐Induced Oxidation of DNA: Linking with Ferrocene Moiety!
Authors: Liu Zai‐Qun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs a major member in the family of reactive oxygen species, peroxyl radical is able to abstract hydrogen atom from 4‐position of ribose, leading to the collapse of DNA strand. Thus, inhibiting oxidative stress with exogenous antioxidants acts as a promising strategy to protect the integrity of DNA structure and is thereby suggested to be a pathway against developments of related diseases. Ferrocene as an organometallic scaffold is widely applied in the design of organometallic drugs, and redox of Fe(II)/Fe(III) in ferrocene offers advantage for providing electron to radicals. Presented herein are our ongoing studies on ferrocene‐appended antioxidants, including McMurry reaction applied to construct ferrocifen; Aldol condensation used to prepare ferrocenyl curcumin; Povarov reaction employed to prepare ferrocenyl quinoline; Biginelli reaction used to construct ferrocenyl dihydropyrimidine; Groebke reaction used to synthesize ferrocenyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine; and Passerini three‐component reaction as well as Ugi four‐component reaction applied to synthesize α‐acyloxycarboxamide and bisamide, respectively. It is found that ferrocene moiety is able to enhance antioxidative effect of the aforementioned scaffolds even without the aid of phenolic hydroxyl group. The role of ferrocene in enhancing antioxidative effect can be attributable to trapping radicals, decreasing oxidative potential, and increasing the affinity toward DNA strand. Therefore, ferrocene is worthy to be taken into consideration in the design of drugs in relation to DNA oxidation.
Tunnel crack detection using coarse‐to‐fine region localization and edge detection
Authors: Li Ce , Xu Pinjie , Niu Lijinliang , Chen Yuan , Sheng Longshuai , Liu Mingcun 
Published: April 2019

Detecting cracks on the concrete surface is crucial for the tunnel health monitoring and maintenance of Chinese transport facilities, since it is closely related with the structural health and reliability. The automated and efficient tunnel crack detection recently has attracted more research studies, particularly cheap availability of digital cameras makes this issue easier. However, it is still a challenging task due to concrete blebs, stains, and illumination over the concrete surface. This paper presents an efficient crack detection method in the tunnel concrete structure based on digital image processing and deep learning. Three contributions of the paper are summarized as follows. First, we collect and annotate a tunnel crack dataset including three kinds of common cracks that might benefit the research in the field. Second, we propose a new coarse‐to‐fine crack detection method using improved preprocessing, coarse crack region localization and classification, and fine crack edge detection. Third, we introduce a faster region convolutional neural network to develop a coarse crack region localization and classification, then deploy edge extraction to implement the fine crack edge detection, gaining a high‐efficiency and high‐accuracy performance.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Technologies > Classification