bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Congenital CMV Infection and Antiviral Therapy in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Observations of the German Neonatal Network
Authors: Humberg Alexander , Leienbach Viola , Fortmann Mats , Rausch Tanja , Buxmann Horst , Müller Andreas , Herting Egbert , Härtel Christoph , Göpel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background To determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection (cCMV) in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) and to evaluate epidemiological characteristics of VLBWI with antiviral therapy (AT).
Methods CMV-specific PCR in umbilical cord tissue was performed (n=3330). Univariate analyses and logistic regression models were used to identify associations with outcome.
Results 22/3330 VLBWI received AT (0.66%). 4 of these (0.12%) were PCR positive, with 2 VLBWI showing pathological screening for hearing loss. VLBWI with AT and negative PCR had significantly reduced mean birth weight (BW) and higher rates of small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Clinical sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), use of reserve antibiotics (RA) and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity were significantly increased. We further observed a higher need of transfusion of red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma and platelets. Logistic regression (controlled for gender, gestational age, SGA and BW) showed associations for AT and BPD (OR 3.4 [1.2–10.1], p=0.024), RA (OR 20.4 [4.2–98.9], p≤0.001), transfusions of RBC (OR 11.9 [1.3–105.7], p=0.026) and platelets (OR 8.7 [2.9–26.4], p≤0.001).
Discussion All VLBWI with positive PCR received AT. We hypothesize from our data by assuming a postnatal aquired CMV infection in VLBWI with AT and negative PCR that VLBWI born SGA have a different risk profile.
Conclusion Further prospective studies concerning postnatal transmission should take VLBWI born SGA into account and should study the impact of infection on short- and long-term complications in this supposed vulnerable group.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Nitro Phosphonates Catalyzed by a Secondary Amine Bisthiourea
Authors: Khan Noor-ul , Nazish Mohd , Jakhar Ajay , Gupta Naveen , Kureshy Rukhsana 
Published: April 2018

An enantioselective Michael addition of diphenyl phosphonate to nitroalkenes has been developed by using a secondary amine bisthiourea catalyst to access enantiomerically enriched β-nitro phosphonates. In this reaction, molecular sieves play a key role in achieving high and reproducible yields with a high enantioselectivities of up to 99% at –10 °C. A probable mechanism for the enantioselective Michael addition reaction was established by means of an NMR spectroscopic study.
The Hebrew version of the Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Cavel Oren , Golan Gilad S. , Oron Yahav , Wasserzug Oshri , Handzel Ophir 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction is a common condition that can lead to significant morbidity, yet few reliable instruments are available to measure ET function. History, physical examination and tympanometry are the mainstay tools, with video endoscopy, manometry and sonotubometry used less frequently. Even when combined together, these may be unable to accurately estimate ET function. Questionnaires for assessing pain, organ function and quality of life are considered useful measurements, and they are used routinely in a variety of medical fields, including otolaryngology. The English-language Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire, ETDQ-7, was developed in 2012 and was subsequently included in the assessment of ET function.

Objective:
To validate a Hebrew version of the ETDQ-7 questionnaire.

Methods:
The ETDQ-7 questionnaire was translated into Hebrew by a validated method. Native Hebrew speakers with and without ETD were asked to fill in the Hebrew version on 3 separate occasions, and the results were analysed and interpreted.

Results:
A total of 115 patients filled in the questionnaires. Internal consistency (alpha Cronbach's coefficient) of the first, second and third questionnaires was 0.918, 0.922 and 0.890, respectively. The Interclass Correlation Coefficient for consistency between the first and second questionnaires was 0.930. The area under the ROC curve for the first and second questionnaires was 0.956, representing an excellent discrimination capability.

Conclusion:
The Hebrew version of the ETDQ-7 showed significant consistency and clinical relevance. It was validated and can now be helpful in the assessment of ET function and the effects of ET manipulations.
Quantization for low-rank matrix recovery
Authors: Lybrand Eric , Saab Rayan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We study Sigma–Delta $(\varSigma\!\varDelta) $ quantization methods coupled with appropriate reconstruction algorithms for digitizing randomly sampled low-rank matrices. We show that the reconstruction error associated with our methods decays polynomially with the oversampling factor, and we leverage our results to obtain root-exponential accuracy by optimizing over the choice of quantization scheme. Additionally, we show that a random encoding scheme, applied to the quantized measurements, yields a near-optimal exponential bit rate. As an added benefit, our schemes are robust both to noise and to deviations from the low-rank assumption. In short, we provide a full generalization of analogous results, obtained in the classical setup of band-limited function acquisition, and more recently, in the finite frame and compressed sensing setups to the case of low-rank matrices sampled with sub-Gaussian linear operators. Finally, we believe our techniques for generalizing results from the compressed sensing setup to the analogous low-rank matrix setup is applicable to other quantization schemes.
Student and Preceptor Advancement in a Dedicated Education Site: Innovation in Clinical Education for Advanced Practice Nurses
Authors: Hall Katherine C. , Diffenderfer Sandy K. , Stidham April , Mullins Christine M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the 1990s, dedicated education units transformed undergraduate preceptorships, but graduate preceptorships remain static. The dyadic nurse practitioner preceptorship model supports an environment where faculty, students, and preceptors may overlook nuances that affect the teaching-learning process. This article describes an innovative clinical education model, Student and Preceptor Advancement in a Dedicated Education Site, designed to improve preceptorships for advanced practice nurses. The focus is on adaptations made to facilitate use in advanced practice nursing programs.
Eltrombopag-Induced Acute Liver Failure in a Pediatric Patient: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Analysis
Authors: Marano Marco , Serafinelli Jessica , Cairoli Sara , Martinelli Diego , Pisani Mara , Palumbo Giuseppe , Cefalo Maria G. , Cecchetti Corrado , Di Nardo Matteo , Falvella Felicia S. , Goffredo Bianca M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
Eltrombopag is an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist approved for the treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), who are more than 1 year old, and show poor response to first-line therapy. ITP is a hematological disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia in the absence of secondary causes or disorders. Eltrombopag is generally well tolerated in the pediatric population; therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is not usually performed in clinical practice.
We presented the case study of a 3-year-old girl with chronic ITP. She arrived in the pediatric intensive care unit with acute liver failure due to eltrombopag toxicity despite taking the standard drug dosage. A very high eltrombopag plasma concentration, indicating drug toxicity, was found through TDM. The patient also carried the allelic variations that are involved in drug metabolism [CYP2C8 and UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1)] and drug cellular transportation [ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette G2)]. This observation highlights the importance of using TDM and pharmacogenetic approaches to manage patients' unusual complications associated with standard pharmacological treatment regimens.
Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Perrotta Fabio , Bianco Andrea , Cioffi Giovanni , Cennamo Antonio , Mazzarella Gennaro 
Published: April 2018

Clinical Case:
We describe the case of a 50-y-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The 8-wk training program, including resistance training and aerobic exercises, was conducted 3 d/wk under physiotherapist supervision. Clinical and functional assessment was performed prior to and following the program. At the end of the training program, meaningful improvements in primary outcomes, including spirometry values and exertional parameters, were noted.

Discussion:
Pulmonary rehabilitation may represent a valid treatment in the management of symptoms in patients with IPF. Although the current guidelines for diagnosis and management of IPF recommend the use of PR programs, patients are not routinely referred to PR centers and exercise training for these patients is not standardized.

Summary:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by the loss of lung function, which results in a severe impairment of daily activities. Prospective studies testing the effectiveness of PR programs in larger cohorts of patients are still lacking. Furthermore, a standardization of pulmonary training programs should be developed to better understand the benefit of PR.
SLCO1B1 Polymorphism Is a Drug Response Predictive Marker for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated With Gemcitabine, S-1, or Gemcitabine Plus S-1
Authors: Sato Yasunori , Ueno Hideki , Ioka Tatsuya , Ohkawa Shinichi , Ikeda Masafumi , Shimamura Tomotaka , Tsuji Akihito , Tsuchiya Yoshiaki , Furuse Junji , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuya Ken , Iguchi Haruo , Saito Yoshihiro , Kaniwa Nahoko , Sawada Jun-ichi , Sakamoto Hiromi , Sekine Akihiro , Okusaka Takuji , Yoshida Teruhiko 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on advanced pancreatic cancer risk and overall survival (OS) in a candidate-gene approach.MethodsOverall, 5438 SNPs in 219 candidate genes encoding several drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters were analyzed. In the screening study, 3 SNPs were found associated with OS (P≤ 0.0005). We validated these SNPs as part of the randomized phase 3 study (GEST study). The associations between OS and SNPs were investigated using log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsFrom the GEST study, the SNP rs4149086 in the 3′ UTR of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene showed significant interaction with treatment (P= 0.02). In the gemcitabine group, the SNP was associated with short OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–10.8;P= 0.008) even after multiple-comparisons adjustment. In contrast, the SNP was not associated with OS in S-1 (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33–1.81;P= 0.55) or gemcitabine plus S-1 groups (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.46–3.00;P= 0.72).ConclusionsPatients with advanced pancreatic cancer with the rs4149086 AG or GG genotype may obtain good clinical results when treated with S-1–containing regimens.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Neurofibromatosis: Impact of Family History
Authors: Malbari Fatema , Spira Menachem , B. Knight Pamela , Zhu Chong , Roth Michael , Gill Jonathan , Abbott Rick , Levy Adam S. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to determine if family history of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) increases risk of developing an MPNST in patients with neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1).

Materials and Methods:
Individuals with NF-1 registered with the Children’s Tumor Foundation’s Neurofibromatosis Registry were emailed an anonymous 15-minute survey with regard to personal and family history of NF-1, MPNST, ages of onset, and symptomatology. Participation was voluntary and information was self-reported.

Results:
The survey was sent to 4801 registrants, 878 responded. Presence of a family history of MPNST was found to be a risk factor for the development of MPNST; 19.4% of respondents confirming a family history of MPNST developed MPNST compared with 7.5% of respondents with no family history (odds ratio, 2.975; 95% confidence interval, 1.232-7.187; P=0.021). NF-1 patients with a positive family history developed MPNST at a younger age than those with no family history (8.3% vs. 0.5% P=0.003 and 13.9% vs. 2.4% P=0.003, for onset before 10 and 20, respectively). In the MPNST population with a known family history, onset prior to age 10 was significantly more prevalent (42.9% vs. 7% P=0.029).

Conclusions:
These results suggest a positive family history of MPNST represents a risk factor for the development and early onset of MPNST in individuals with NF-1.
Top-of-License Nursing Practice
Authors: Buck Jacalyn , Loversidge Jacqueline , Chipps Esther , Gallagher-Ford Lynn , Genter Lynne , Yen Po-Yin 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to describe nurses’ perceptions of nursing activities and analyze for consistency with top-of-license (TOL) practice.

BACKGROUND
The Advisory Board Company expert panel proposed 8 TOL core nursing responsibilities representing practice at its potential. Thus far, no empirical work has examined nursing practices relative to TOL, from staff nurses’ points of view.

METHODS
This qualitative study used focus groups to explore perceptions of typical nursing activities. We analyzed activities for themes that described nurses’ work during typical shifts.

RESULTS
Nurses’ full scope of work included TOL-consistent categories, as well as categories that did not exemplify TOL practice, such as nonnursing care. A proposed model was developed, which depicts nurses’ total scope of work, inclusive of all activity categories. In addition, hindrances to TOL practice were also identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this study can inform leadership imperatives and the development of innovative, sustainable nursing practice models that support nursing practice at TOL.
Accommodative Behavior of Young Eyes Wearing Multifocal Contact Lenses
Authors: Altoaimi Basal H. , Almutairi Meznah S. , Kollbaum Pete S. , Bradley Arthur 
Published: April 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
The effectiveness of multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) at slowing myopia progression may hinge on the accommodative behavior of young eyes fit with these presbyopic style lenses. Can they remove hyperopic defocus? Convergence accommodation as well as pupil size and the zonal geometry are likely to contribute to the final accommodative responses.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the accommodation behavior of young adult eyes wearing MFCLs and the effectiveness of these MFCLs at removing foveal hyperopic defocus when viewing near targets binocularly.

METHODS
Using a high-resolution Shack-Hartmann aberrometer, accommodation and pupil behavior of eight young adults (27.25 ± 2.05 years) were measured while subjects fixated a 20/40 character positioned between 2 m and 20 cm (0.50 to 5.00 diopters [D]) in 0.25-D steps. Refractive states were measured while viewing binocularly and monocularly with single-vision and both center-distance and center-near +2.00 D add MFCLs. Refractive state was defined using three criteria: the dioptric power that would (1) minimize the root mean square wavefront error, (2) focus the pupil center, and (3) provide the peak image quality.

RESULTS
Refractive state pupil maps reveal the complex optics that exist in eyes wearing MFCLs. Reduced accommodative gain beyond the far point of the near add revealed that young subjects used the added plus power to help focus near targets. During accommodation to stimuli closer than the far point generated by the add power, a midperipheral region of the pupil was approximately focused, resulting in the smallest accommodative errors for the minimum root mean square–defined measures of refractive state. Paraxial images were always hyperopically or myopically defocused in eyes viewing binocularly with center-distance or center-near MFCLs, respectively. Because of zone geometry in the concentric MFCLs tested, the highly aberrated transition zone between the distance and near optics contributed a significant proportion and sometimes the majority of light to the resulting images.

CONCLUSIONS
Young eyes fit with MFCLs containing significant transition zones accommodated to focus pupil regions between the near and distance optics, which resulted in less than optimal retinal image quality and myopic or hyperopic defocus in either the pupil center or pupil margins.
Can the Farnsworth D15 Color Vision Test Be Defeated through Practice?
Authors: Ng Jason S. , Liem Sophia C. 
Published: April 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
This study suggests that it is possible for some patients with severe red–green color vision deficiency to do perfectly on the Farnsworth D15 test after practicing it.

PURPOSE
The Farnsworth D15 is a commonly used test to qualify people for certain occupations. For patients with color vision deficiency, there may be high motivation to try to pass the test through practice to gain entry into a particular occupation. There is no evidence in the literature on whether it is possible for patients to learn to pass the D15 test through practice.

METHODS
Ten subjects with inherited red–green color vision deficiency and 15 color-normal subjects enrolled in the study. All subjects had anomaloscope testing, color vision book tests, and a Farnsworth D15 at an initial visit. For the D15, the number of major crossovers was determined for each subject. Failing the D15 was determined as greater than 1 major crossover. Subjects with color vision deficiency practiced the D15 as long as desired to achieve a perfect score and then returned for a second visit for D15 testing. A paired t test was used to analyze the number of major crossovers at visit 1 versus visit 2.

RESULTS
Color-normal subjects did not have any major crossovers. Subjects with color vision deficiency had significantly (P < .001) fewer major crossovers on the D15 test at visit 2 (mean/SD = 2.5/3.0), including five subjects with dichromacy that achieved perfect D15 performance, compared to visit 1 (mean/SD = 8.7/1.3).

CONCLUSIONS
Practice of the Farnsworth D15 test can lead to perfect performance for some patients with color vision deficiency, and this should be considered in certain cases where occupational entry is dependent on D15 testing.
Brief Report: Systemic Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Impaired Lung Function Among People Living With HIV in Rural Uganda
Authors: North Crystal M. , Muyanja Daniel , Kakuhikire Bernard , Tsai Alexander C. , Tracy Russell P. , Hunt Peter W. , Kwon Douglas S. , Christiani David C. , Okello Samson , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Although both chronic lung disease and HIV are inflammatory diseases common in sub-Saharan Africa, the relationship between systemic inflammation and lung function among people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa is not well described.

Methods:
We measured lung function (using spirometry) and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and soluble CD163 (sCD163) in 125 PLWH on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 109 age- and sex-similar HIV-uninfected control subjects in rural Uganda. We modeled the relationship between lung function and systemic inflammation using linear regression, stratified by HIV serostatus, controlled for age, sex, height, tobacco, and biomass exposure.

Results:
Half of subjects [46% (107/234)] were women, and the median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 48–55). Most PLWH [92% (115/125)] were virologically suppressed on first-line ART. Median CD4 count was 472 cells/mm3. In multivariable linear regression models stratified by HIV serostatus, an interquartile range increase in IL-6 and sCD163 were each inversely associated with lung function (mL, 95% confidence interval) among PLWH [IL-6: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) −18.1 (−29.1 to −7.1), forced vital capacity (FVC) −17.1 (−28.2 to −5.9); sCD163: FVC −14.3 (−26.9 to −1.7)]. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (>3 vs. <1 mg/L) was inversely associated with lung function among both PLWH and HIV-uninfected control subjects [PLWH: FEV1 −39.3 (−61.7 to −16.9), FVC −44.0 (−48.4 to −6.4); HIV-uninfected: FEV1 −37.9 (−63.2 to −12.6), FVC −58.0 (−88.4 to −27.5)]. sCD14 was not associated with lung function, and all interaction terms were insignificant.

Conclusions:
Macrophage activation and systemic inflammation are associated with lower lung function among PLWH on stable ART in rural Uganda. Future work should focus on underlying mechanisms and public health implications.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathway in Esophagectomy
Authors: Parise Paolo , Ferrari Carlo , Cossu Andrea , Puccetti Francesco , Elmore Ugo , De Pascale Stefano , Garutti Leonardo , Fumagalli Uberto Romario , Di Serio Mariaclelia Stefania , Rosati Riccardo 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To assess whether perioperative variables or deviation from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) items could be associated with delayed discharge after esophagectomy, and to convert them into a scoring system to predict it.

Summary Background Data:
ERAS perioperative pathways have been recently applied to esophageal resections. However, low adherence to ERAS items and high rates of protocol deviations are often reported.

Methods:
All patients who underwent esophagectomy between April 2012 and March 2017 were managed with a standardized perioperative pathway according to ERAS principles. The target length of stay was set at eighth postoperative day (POD). All significant variables at bivariate analysis were entered into a logistic regression to produce a predictive score. An initial validation of the score accuracy was carried out on a separate patient sample.

Results:
Two hundred eighty-six patients were included in the study. Multivariate regression analysis showed that American Society of Anesthesiology score ≥ 3, surgery duration > 255 min, “nonhybrid” esophagectomy, and failure to mobilize patients within 24 h from surgery were associated with delayed discharge. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (P < 0.001) and correctly classified 81.9% of cases. The sensitivity was 96.6%, and the specificity was 17.6%. The prediction score applied to 23 patients correctly identified 100% of those discharged after eighth POD.

Conclusions:
The results of this study seem to be clinically meaningful and in line with those from other studies. The initial validation revealed good predictive properties.