bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globin synthesis in erythroid bursts that mature sequentially in culture. I. Studies in cultures of adult peripheral blood BFU-Es
Authors: Papayannopoulou T , Nakamoto B , Kurachi S , Stamatoyannopoulos G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To study whether the culture time at which the burst populations mature influences the expression of fetal hemoglobin in bursts, we measured hemoglobin synthesis in cohorts of fully hemoglobinized erythroid bursts maturing sequentially in cultures of adult peripheral blood BFU- Es. In 13 of 15 experiments, a decline in gamma/gamma + beta ratio was noted as the culture time advanced. On the average, erythroid bursts that mature during the third culture week showed lower levels of fetal Hb synthesis compared to bursts that are already mature in the second culture week. The decline of gamma/gamma + beta ratio with culture time was also noted in erythroid bursts composed of immature erythroblasts. The enhanced HbF formation in peripheral blood BFU-E cultures is thus most pronounced among the bursts that become hemoglobinized early, and there is a tendency for normalization of HbF synthesis in bursts that mature in late culture days. These results can be interpreted by several alternatives, including the possibility that the expression of high HbF levels in the early days of adult BFU-E cultures is a reflection of premature commitment to terminal differentiation of progenitors that possess an active HbF program. The present data indicate that the variation of HbF synthesis with culture time should be taken into consideration when the influence of various culture conditions of HbF synthesis is studied in BFU-E cultures.
Modification of normal human myelopoiesis by 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate (TPA)
Authors: Abrahm JL , Smiley R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), induces macrophage characteristics in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. These same cells can be induced to develop mature myeloid characteristics with a variety of other stimuli. Since normal colony- forming units-culture (CFU C) also have the dual capability of developing colonies with myeloid or monocyte characteristics, the effect of TPA on normal human CFU-C development was studied. To carry out these studies, a method was developed to identify cells histochemically within agar cultures as containing either the myeloid marker, chloroacetate esterase (CAE), or the monocyte marker, nonspecific esterase (NSE). Cells from normal donors were placed into agar cultures with placenta conditioned medium (PCM), TPA in various concentrations, or combinations of PCM and TPA as stimulating materials, and examined after 7–14 days of incubation. TPA alone at concentrations of 5 x 10(-7) M to 10(-9) M stimulated cluster formation. With increasing concentrations of TPA, the percentage of clusters positive for NSE progressively increased, while CAE-positive clusters decreased. I contrast, when TPA at concentrations greater than 10(-9) M was added to PCM, the total number of clusters and colonies decreased. This resulted from a decrease in the number of clusters and colonies that contained the myeloid marker CAE, whereas the number positive for the monocyte marker NSE remained unchanged. These studies demonstrate two effects of TPA on normal CFU-C. In the absence of other sources of colony stimulating activity (CSA), TPA induces clusters. In the presence of PCM, it inhibits the production of myeloid colonies and clusters. Under both conditions, it favors the development of colonies and/or clusters containing predominantly monocytes.
Characterization of human platelet glycoprotein antigens giving rise to individual immunoprecipitates in crossed-immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Kunicki TJ , Nurden AT , Pidard D , Russell NR , Caen JP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Washed human platelets were labeled with 125I by the lactoperoxidase- catalyzed method and solubilized in 1% Triton X-100. The soluble proteins were analyzed by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis in 1% agarose, employing a rabbit antibody raised against whole human platelets. Analysis of autoradiograms developed from dried agarose gels led to the establishment of a normal reference pattern that was consistent for platelets obtained from more than 50 normal individuals. Six platelet membrane glycoprotein antigens contained in four distinguishable precipitates were identified. Each identification was based on direct sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of 125I-antigens contained in individually excised precipitates. These platelet antigens include major membrane glycoproteins previously designated la, lb, lla, llb, llla, and lllb. Glycoproteins llb and llla were shown to be contained in a single immunoprecipitate, while glycoproteins la and lla were routinely detected in a single different immunoprecipitate. Analysis of soluble proteins from platelets of five patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia demonstrated either a complete absence or a marked reduction of only one radiolabeled precipitate, that containing membrane glycoproteins llb and llla. Platelet samples from two patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome were devoid of a different precipitate, that containing membrane glycoprotein lb.
The effects of glucocorticoid therapy on glucocorticoid receptors in leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Shipman GF , Bloomfield CD , Smith KA , Peterson BA , Munck A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurement of glucocorticoid receptors appears to be useful for selecting which patients with leukemia and lymphoma should receive glucocorticoid therapy. To determine the effect of recent or concurrent glucocorticoid therapy on the number of measured tumor glucocorticoid receptor sites, 18 patients with leukemia and lymphoma were studied. Baseline determinations of numbers of glucocorticoid receptors were performed on the malignant cells circulating in the patients' peripheral blood. Glucocorticoid therapy was then instituted consisting of dexamethasone 4 mg p.o. every 6 hr. Repeat determinations of the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites were performed within 24 hr and at various subsequent times from the start of therapy. When compared to baseline receptor numbers, 16 of 18 patients demonstrated a decrease in receptor number (median decrease 1651 sites/cell) after the start of glucocorticoid therapy. The magnitude of the change in receptor number was independent on the initial number of receptors. Our results suggest that in order accurately interpret glucocorticoid receptor numbers in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, glucocorticoid should not be administered for 3 wk prior to determinations of receptor levels.
Survival of patients with localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma
Authors: Sweet DL , Kinzie J , Gaeke ME , Golomb HM , Ferguson DL , Ultmann JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twenty-eight patients with previously untreated diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) were identified to be in pathologic stage (PS) I (11), IE (3), II (8), or IIE (6) by exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy. Six patients were treated with total nodal radiotherapy; 14 with an extended mantle; 5 with an inverted Y or whole abdomen; and 3 with an involved field. Twenty-six patients achieved a complete remission (93%) and 2 patients had persistent local disease. The median survival and disease-free survival and for the complete response group are 56 and 51.5 mo, respectively. Ten of the 11 stage I or IE patients had supradiaphragmatic lymph node disease. Patients with stage I or IE disease (n = 14) demonstrated a median survival of 72.5 mo and a median disease-free survival of 69.5 mo; there was 1 disease-related death. Patients with stage II or IIE disease (n = 14) demonstrated a median survival of 33 mo and median disease-free survival of 29.5 mo; there were 10 relapses or deaths. Patients in stages I, IE, II, or IIE with infradiaphragmatic disease (n = 7) had a median survival of 36 mo, while patients with supradiaphragmatic presentation (n = 21) demonstrated median survival of 68 mo (p = 0.37). The data indicate that patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with stage I supradiaphragmatic lymph node disease are curable using radiotherapy alone, achieving a 93% 11-yr actuarial disease-free survival. Patients with stage II or IIE diseases are not readily curable with radiation therapy alone, achieving a 33% 11-yr actuarial disease-free survival; radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone should be considered for this group.
Immunochemical studies on Tn erythrocyte glycoprotein
Authors: Lee LT , Frank S , de Jongh DS , Howe C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glycoproteins were extracted from membranes of erythrocytes that displayed Tn polyagglutination and were compared chemically and immunologically with glycoproteins of group O, MN cells. Tn glycoprotein had lower than normal NANA : protein and sugar : protein ratios, as revealed by direct analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and displayed slower immunoelectrophoretic mobility than glycoproteins of group O, MN cells. Agglutination of Tn cells by Salvia sclarea lectin was inhibited by Tn glycoprotein but not by O, MN glycoprotein. Tn and MN glycoproteins were equally potent inhibitors of influenza virus HA. Our findings indicate than Tn-specific determinants are part of the glycophorin molecule.
The effect of malonyldialdehyde on erythrocyte deformability
Authors: Pfafferott C , Meiselman HJ , Hochstein P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The addition of malonyldialdehyde (5–20 micro M) to human erythrocytes results in a marked decrease in cellular deformability as measured with a counter-rotating, cone plate Rheoscope when low shear forces (2.5–25 dynes/sq cm) are applied. At high shear forces (125–500 dynes/sq cm), malonyldialdehyde at 5 micro M had no effect on deformability, although at concentrations of 10 and 20 micro M a small but statistically significant decrease was evident. These effects of this crosslinking agent are observed in the absence of alterations in cell volume and intracellular viscosity. The results obtained are in accord with the view that the polymerization of membrane constituents may contribute to the events that lead to the removal from the circulation of either aging cells or cells exposed to peroxidation-initiating agents.
Antibody-dependent cytolysis of the human leukemia cell line K-562 in the absence of effector cells or complement
Authors: Wust CJ , Green M , Lozzio CB , Lozzio BB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
K-562 human leukemia cells grown in the presence of specific goat anti- K-562 gamma globulin, F(ab)'2, Fab', or Fab showed a decrease in DNA and protein syntheses and a loss of cell viability within several hours. Eventually all cells died and lysed within 2–5 days. These events occurred in the absence of added effector cells or complement. The effect on the cell was not due to proteolytic or other external lytic activity generated at the cell surface, since 51Cr-labeled bystander cells or antibody-sensitized bystander cells (chicken erythrocytes or K-562 cells) were not lysed when added to cultures of K- 562 cells incubated with immune globulin. The anti-K-562 gamma globulin was not observed to patch or cap on K-562 cells, but the ability of bound immunoglobulin to fix complement decreased markedly (50% in 60 min), so that no complement-mediated cytolysis could be observed at 2 hr. However, the immunoglobulin, at least portions of it, reacted with fluorescein--labeled rabbit anti-goat gamma globulin for about 16 hr. 125I-labeled immune globulin appeared to be internalized and released into the medium as small degradation products. 125I-labeled Fab did not appear to be internalized, since it was released intact and more rapidly from cells than the intact globulin.
Cyclic hematopoiesis: effects of lithium on colony-forming cells and colony-stimulating activity in grey collie dogs
Authors: Hammond WP , Dale DC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cycling of blood cell counts in grey collie dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis can be eliminated by treatment with oral lithium carbonate. To explore the mechanism by which lithium alters this stem cell disorder, studies of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C), neutrophil colony-forming cells (neutrophilic CFU-C), and colony-stimulating activity (CSA) were performed. In untreated dogs, the proportions of CFU-C were found to fluctuate cyclically, but the cyclic fluctuations in neutrophil colony-forming cells were even more marked, with numbers decreasing to undetectable levels during each period of neutrophilia. Dogs on lithium, however, did not cycle the numbers of total or neutrophilic CFU-C. Tritiated thymidine suicide rates were not altered by treatment with lithium. Serum CSA levels and bone marrow cell elaboration of CSA were not increased by lithium. These studies suggest that lithium corrects cyclic neutropenia by a direct effect on the differentiation and proliferation of CFU-C; normalization of the proportion of CFU-C that enter neutrophilopoiesis appears to be an important effect of the lithium therapy.
Cold-induced contact surface activation of the prothrombin time in whole blood
Authors: Palmer RN , Gralnick HR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies of the prothrombin time (PT) have revealed that contact with borosilicate or commercial siliconized borosilicate markedly shortens the PT. This shortening is related to the activation of the contact phase of blood coagulation. This shortening of the PT occurs in both normal whole blood and plasma when stored in borosilicate or siliconized borosilicate tubes at 4 degree C and to a lesser degree at room temperature. Studies indicated the importance of several coagulation factors in decreasing the PT. The PT did not change in blood deficient in factor XII or in plasma deficient in Fletcher factor or high molecular weight kininogen, while blood deficient in CI esterase inhibitor (CI INH) had the most profound shortening. Shortening of the PT correlated directly with increased levels of factor VII. When purified CI INH was added to normal blood, it markedly reduced the activation of factor VII and the shortening of the PT in a dose-related manner. These studies indicate the pivotal roles of the contact phase of coagulation in initiating activation of the PT and of CI INH in inhibiting the activation of the coagulation factor(s) responsible for the cold-promoted activation of factor VII.
Ploidy and proliferative characteristics in monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Latreille J , Barlogie B , Johnston D , Drewinko B , Alexanian R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurements were performed in 143 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of the cellular substrate in the bone marrow, including analysis of DNA and RNA content and tritiated thymidine labeling index. Aneuploidy by DNA content was present in 80% of 115 patients with active multiple myeloma and in 4 of 9 patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy, but was absent in all 12 patients with myeloma in remission and in 7 individuals with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. With regard to prognosis in multiple myeloma, a low pretreatment plasma cell labeling index of less than or equal to 1% heralded longer survival than that observed in patients with a labeling index less than 1%, independent of myeloma tumor burden and ploidy pattern, except for a subset of 17 patients with a low-degree hyperdiploid abnormality whose survival was not affected by the magnitude of the pretreatment labeling index. Thus, besides tumor burden, tumor proliferative activity and ploidy both appear to have additional prognostic importance for patients with multiple myeloma.
Bone marrow cell count per cubic millimeter bone marrow: a new parameter for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction in acute leukemia
Authors: Hiddemann W , Clarkson BD , Buchner T , Melamed MR , Andreeff M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new technique is introduced for determining the number of bone marrow cells per cubic millimeter marrow, providing an accurate and objective means for quantitating therapy-induced cytoreduction. The method requires a correction for admixed peripheral blood in bone marrow aspirates to measure the fraction of remaining pure marrow. While cell kinetic differences between blood, aspirates, and biopsies identify the proportion of contaminating blood cells, the ratio of red cell hematocrits in blood and aspirate gives the volume of trapped blood. By combining both procedures, bone marrow cell counts per unit volume pure marrow result (BMC/cu mm BM), which were found highly reproducible. Blast cell counts (BMBC/cu mm BM) were obtained by additional morphological differentiation. BMC and BMBC/cu mm BM were monitored in 16 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia treated with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine in combination and in 4 patients with end-stage acute leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas during high-dose thymidine therapy. Total and daily therapy- induced cytoreduction rates were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in responders than nonresponders to either regimen. Changes in BMC/cu mm BM were also found representative for changes in BMBC/cu mm BM, since the majority of bone marrow cells were blasts. In acute leukemia. BMC/cu mm BM thus provides accurate and objective measurements of treatment efficacy in vivo and after short periods of drug exposure. Differences in cytoreduction rates within the group of responders also suggest possible prognostic implications.
Partial immunologic reconstitution of a patient with acquired agammaglobulinemia: a transient phenomenon accompanying therapeutic plasmapheresis
Authors: Wenz B , Rubinstein A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with acquired agammaglobulinemia was treated with plasmapheresis. The rationale for this procedure was based on the presence of a cytotoxic autoantibody with specificity for helper (TH2-) T lymphocytes. Plasmapheresis reduced the autoantibody concentration to undetectable levels, which resulted in an increase number of helper T cells. These T cells provided normal in vitro helper activity. Plasmapheresis did not correct a concomitant suppressor T-cell defect, and the clinical remission ended during the fifth month of exchange therapy.
Monoclonal CLL B-cells may be induced to grow in an in vitro B-cell colony assay system
Authors: Perri RT , Kay NE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple reproducible in vitro B-cell colony assay system was used to evaluate B-cell growth in controls and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All six CLL patients studied formed B-cell colonies. The number of colonies was significantly less in patients than controls (66 +/- 18 versus 127 +/- 8). CLL colonies were shown to be monoclonal and appeared to reflect the circulating malignant B-cell clone in our patient group, while the six controls studied formed polyclonal B-cell colonies. Wright-Giemsa staining showed typical plasma cells to have developed in the controls but not in the patients. Cells from CLL patients retained a more lymphoid appearance. It is believed that investigations with this B-cell assay will provide the means for further in vitro evaluation of malignant B-cell proliferation in other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Large granular lymphocytes in human peripheral blood: ultrastructural and cytochemical characterization of the granules
Authors: Grossi CE , Cadoni A , Zicca A , Leprini A , Ferrarini M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) are defined as nonadherent mononuclear cells with cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, avid receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, and cytotoxic functions (NK or ADCC activities). In the present study, the granules of LGL isolated from human peripheral blood have been analyzed by enzyme cytochemistry and electron microscopy. It had been found that: (1) in the single cells, granules at different stages of maturation could be detected: in addition, packaging of the granules took place in the proximity of the Golgi apparatus, which is similar to that seen in secretory cell types. (2) Acid phosphatase (AP) was observed within the granules and the vesicles located in the Golgi area: the Golgi apparatus identified through its thiamine pyrophosphatase-positivity was consistently negative for AP. (3) Alpha naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was localized in the granules as well as on the membrane of LGL and monocytes. (4) The ANAE activity of LGL was of the monocytic and not of the lymphocytic type, as shown by NaF inhibition. (5) The LGL granules, although identifiable as primary lysosomes, were not involved in the process of phagocytosis, since LGL failed consistently to ingest latex particles or opsonized red cells.
A case of weak blood group B expression (Bm) associated with abnormal blood group galactosyltransferase
Authors: Yoshida A , Yamato K , Dave V , Yamaguchi H , Okubo Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mechanisms of unusually weak A and B blood group expressions have not been well understood. Since the human blood group A and B substances are produced by the action of blood group GalNAc transferase and Gal transferase, respectively, the mechanism may be elucidated by examining the properties of the blood group transferases and membranes of the subjects with the abnormality. We examined a case associated with very weak B activity in red blood cells, an absence of the B agglutinin in serum, and an existence of the H and B substances in saliva, i.e., a case commonly classified as Bm. More than 85% of H sites remained unglycosylated in the subject's red cell membranes. The blood group Gal transferase activity in the subject's plasma and red cell membranes was about 50% of that of normal. The pH-activity profile and the Michaelis constants for UDP-Gal and 2'-fucosyllactose of the subject's enzyme were distinctively different from that of normal enzyme. These findings led us to conclude that the weak B activity in the present Bm case was due to a direct mutation in B gene resulting in formation of variant B enzyme with low affinity to UDP-Gal and insufficient galactosylation of H sites in the subject.
Severe-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency associated with chronic hemolytic anemia, granulocyte dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to infections: description of a new molecular variant (G6PD Barcelona)
Authors: Vives Corrons JL , Feliu E , Pujades MA , Cardellach F , Rozman C , Carreras A , Jou JM , Vallespi MT , Zuazu FJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Molecular, kinetic, and functional studies were carried out on erythrocytes and leukocytes in a Spanish male with G6PD deficiency, congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA), and increased susceptibility to infections. G6PD activity was absent in patient's red cells and was about 2% of normal in leukocytes. Molecular studies using standard methods (WHO, 1967) showed G6PD in the patient to have a slightly fast electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.0 with otherwise normal properties (heat stability at 46 degrees C, apparent affinity for substrates, optimum pH, and utilization of substrate analogues). Other tests showed the patient's granulocytes to engulf latex particles normally, but to have impaired reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and ferricytochrome-c as well as reduced iodination. Chemotaxis and random migration of the patient's granulocytes were normal as were myeloperoxidase, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), and ultrastructural features. The molecular characteristics of G6PD in the patient differed from those of all previously reported variants associated with CNSHA, so the present variant was provisionally called G6PD Barcelona to distinguish it from other G6PD variants previously described. Possible mechanisms for the severe deficiency of G6PD in erythrocytes and granulocytes was investigated by studies on the immunologic specific activity of the mutant enzyme.