bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New classification of intrinsic disorder in the Human proteome
Authors: Deiana Antonio , Forcelloni Sergio , Porrello Alessandro , Giansanti Andrea 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe propose a new, sequence-only, classification of intrinsically disordered human proteins which is based on two parameters: dr, the percentage of disordered residues, and Ld, the length of the longest disordered segment in the sequence. Depending on dr and Ld, we distinguish five variants: i)ordered proteins(ORDs); ii)not disordered proteins(NDPsj; (iii)proteins with intrinsically disordered regions(PDRs); iv)intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs) and v)proteins with fragmenteddisorder (FRAGs). PDRs have been considered in the general category of intrinsically disordered proteins for a long time. We show that PDRs are closer to globular, ordered proteins (ORDs and NDPs) than to disordered ones (IDPs), both in amino acid composition and functionally. Moreover, NDPs and PDRs are uniformly spread over several functional protein classes, whereas IDPs are concentrated only on two, namelynucleic acid binding proteinsandtranscription factors, which are just a subset of the functions that are commonly associated with protein intrinsic disorder. As a conclusion, PDRs and IDPs should be considered, in future classifications, as distinct variants of disordered proteins, with different physical-chemical properties and functional spectra.
Reverse GWAS: Using Genetics to Identify and Model Phenotypic Subtypes
Authors: Dahl Andy , Cai Na , Ko Arthur , Laakso Markku , Pajukanta Päivi , Flint Jonathan , Zaitlen Noah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent and classical work has revealed biologically and medically significant subtypes in complex diseases and traits. However, relevant subtypes are often unknown, unmeasured, or actively debated, making automatic statistical approaches to subtype definition particularly valuable. We propose reverse GWAS (RGWAS) to identify and validate subtypes using genetics and multiple traits: while GWAS seeks the genetic basis of a given trait, RGWAS seeks to define trait subtypes with distinct genetic bases. Unlike existing approaches relying on off-the-shelf clustering methods, RGWAS uses a bespoke decomposition, MFMR, to model covariates, binary traits, and population structure. We use extensive simulations to show these features can be crucial for power and calibration. We validate RGWAS in practice by recovering known stress subtypes in major depressive disorder. We then show the utility of RGWAS by identifying three novel subtypes of metabolic traits. We biologically validate these metabolic subtypes with SNP-level tests and a novel polygenic test: the former recover known metabolic GxE SNPs; the latter suggests genetic heterogeneity may explain substantial missing heritability. Crucially, statins, which are widely prescribed and theorized to increase diabetes risk, have opposing effects on blood glucose across metabolic subtypes, suggesting potential have potential translational value.Author summaryComplex diseases depend on interactions between many known and unknown genetic and environmental factors. However, most studies aggregate these strata and test for associations on average across samples, though biological factors and medical interventions can have dramatically different effects on different people. Further, more-sophisticated models are often infeasible because relevant sources of heterogeneity are not generally known a priori. We introduce Reverse GWAS to simultaneously split samples into homogeneoues subtypes and to learn differences in genetic or treatment effects between subtypes. Unlike existing approaches to computational subtype identification using high-dimensional trait data, RGWAS accounts for covariates, binary disease traits and, especially, population structure; these features are each invaluable in extensive simulations. We validate RGWAS by recovering known genetic subtypes of major depression. We demonstrate RGWAS is practically useful in a metabolic study, finding three novel subtypes with both SNP- and polygenic-level heterogeneity. Importantly, RGWAS can uncover differential treatment response: for example, we show that statin, a common drug and potential type 2 diabetes risk factor, may have opposing subtype-specific effects on blood glucose.
An Analysis of Decision Under Risk in Rats
Authors: Constantinople Christine M. , Piet Alex T. , Brody Carlos D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProspect Theory is the predominant behavioral economic theory describing decision-making under risk. It accounts for near universal aspects of human choice behavior whose prevalence may reflect fundamental neural mechanisms. We now apply Prospect Theory’s framework to rodents, using a task in which rats chose between guaranteed and probabilistic rewards. Like humans, rats distorted probabilities and showed diminishing marginal sensitivity, in which they were less sensitive to differences in larger rewards. They exhibited reference dependence, in which the valence of outcomes (gain or loss) was determined by an internal reference point reflecting reward history. The similarities between rats and humans suggest conserved neural substrates, and enable application of powerful molecular/circuit tools to study mechanisms of psychological phenomena from behavioral economics.
Aircraft model for the automatic taxi directional control design
Authors: Krawczyk Mariusz , Szczepanski Cezary Jerzy , Zajdel Albert 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to present a concept of an automatic directional control system of remotely piloted aerial system (RPAS) during the taxiing phase. In particular, it shows the initial stages of the control laws synthesis-mathematical model and simulation of taxiing aircraft. Several reasons have emerged in recent years that make the automation of taxiing an important design challenge including decreased safety, performance and pilot workload.Design/methodology/approachThe adapted methodology follows the model-based design approach in which the control system and the aircraft are mathematically modelled to allow control laws synthesis. The computer simulations are carried out to analyse the model behaviour.FindingsChosen methodology and modelling technique, especially tire-ground contact model, resulted in a taxiing aircraft model that can be used for directional control law synthesis. Aerodynamic forces and moments were identified in the wind tunnel tests for the full range of the slip angle. Simulations allowed to compute the critical speeds for different taxiway conditions in a 90° turn.Practical implicationsThe results can be used for the taxi directional control law synthesis and simulation of the control system. The computed critical speeds can be treated as a safety limits.Originality/valueThe taxi directional control system has not been introduced to the RPAS yet. Therefore, the model of taxiing aircraft including aerodynamic characteristics for the full range of the slip angle has a big value in the process of design and implementation of the future auto taxi systems. Moreover, computed speed safety limits can be used by designers and standards creators.
Oscillation mode flight data analysis based on FFT
Authors: Fu Jingcheng , Huang Jun , Wang Li-Bo , Song Lei 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an identification method of acquiring aircraft mode characteristics based on fast Fourier transform and half-power bandwidth method, aiming at the common oscillation met in flight test.

Design/methodology/approach
The feasibility of this method is demonstrated through derivation; the robustness analysis is conducted through three examples, and finally the method was applied on a set of sideslip angle record from flight test.

Findings
The derivation and numerical analysis both show that the presented method can have high accuracy and good robustness under coupled mode and noise condition.

Practical implications
The method proposed is of robustness, and it is concise and easy to apply on flight data record.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of half power bandwidth to be applied on oscillation mode characteristics identification from flight data record, which is different from other method applied.
Gender disaggregated effects of microcredit on capital accumulation in rural households
Authors: Isoto Rosemary Emegu , Kraybill David Simon 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on microcredit impacts by quantifying the gender disaggregated effects of long-term borrowing on capital accumulation in order to address the existing gap. Separate models are estimated for male-headed and female-headed households to determine if the effects of microcredit differ between these gender types.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts the method proposed by Deaton (1990) in which he specifies a model without borrowing restrictions whereby the household maximizes an inter-temporal utility function. To account for self-selection and endogeneity of micro credit, the fixed effects instrumental variable approach is used. Data are disaggregated by gender and analyzed separately.

Findings
The paper finds that micro credit indeed increases productive assets and human capital but has no significant effect on non-productive assets. One striking result is that after disaggregating the data by gender, the authors find no effect of micro credit on women-headed households.

Practical implications
The paper provides an empirical evidence for the need to address gender issues in finance and lending. Furthermore, targeted lending particularly to women makes a great difference in the fight against poverty.

Originality/value
This paper fills the gap on gender and micro credit impacts on capital accumulation in a developing country context.
Investigate the role of distributed leadership and strategic flexibility in fostering business model innovation
Authors: Liao Suqin , Liu Zhiying , Fu Lihua , Ye Peichi 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether the new distributed leadership patterns is an important driver for innovating business model. By synthesizing insights from the dynamic capabilities perspective, it also explores how and when distributed leadership enhances the business model innovation (BMI) by involving strategic flexibility as a mediator and environmental dynamism as important contingency.Design/methodology/approachA survey via questionnaire was conducted with 262 CEOs and 262 senior managers from Chinese high-tech companies that provided the research data. Structural equation modeling and linear regression analyses were used to test the time-lagged data, and then the main research questions were responded to.FindingsThe analysis reveals that distributed leadership has a significant direct influence on BMI, and that distributed leadership also indirectly affects BMI by enhancing strategic flexibility. Environmental dynamism strengthens the positive effect of distributed leadership on BMI under strategic flexibility.Originality/valueThis paper advances and enriches the emerging stream of BMI research. It presents an innovative conceptual analysis of the antecedents of BMI, and it shows a possible solution for BMI that complements extant research that considers which and how the leadership style of the organizations affects the business model change.
Measuring the impact of human resource development (HRD) practices on employee performance in small and medium scale enterprises
Authors: Otoo Frank Nana Kweku , Mishra Mridula 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of human resource development practices on employee performance in small and medium scale enterprises.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated research model was developed by combining principal factors from existing literature. Data were collected through questionnaire from 500 employees of the selected SME’s. The validity of the model and hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. The reliability and validity of the dimensions are established through confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that some human resource development practices impact employee performance. Performance appraisal however does not impact employee performance of the firms studied.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was undertaken in small and medium scale enterprises, and the analysis based on cross-sectional data which cannot be generalized across a broader range of sectors.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study will help stakeholders, policy makers and management of SME’s in espousing appropriate and well-articulated HRD practices to improve employee competencies and enhance organizational effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature by empirically adducing evidence that, human resource development practices impact employee performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Ghana.
Australian education policy from the 1970s: an autobiographical approach
Authors: Campbell Craig , Connors Lyndsay 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the history of national education policy through an interview with one of its significant makers and critics, Lyndsay Connors, a former Australian Schools Commissioner.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper occurs as an interview. The text is based on a revised conversation held as an event of the Australian and New Zealand History of Education Conference held at the University of Canberra, on 26 September 2017.

Findings
Australian educational policy is peculiarly complex, and apparently “irrational”. This appears especially so in relation to the government, tax-raised, funding of government and non-government schools. A combination of the peculiarities of Australian federalism in relation to education, political expediency, popular exhaustion with the “state aid” debate, the power of entrenched interest groups and the distancing of democratic decision making from the decision-making process in relation to education all play a part.

Originality/value
The originality of this contribution to a research journal lies in its combination of autobiography with historical policy analysis.
Navigating political terrain in organizations: the crucial role of leaders and HR
Authors: Javad Shahina , S.D. Sumod 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to look at how to understand and identify sources office politics and how to manage it successfully for the betterment of organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by independent writers who add their own impartial comments and place the article in context.

Findings
Politics is present in all organizations only the degree of politics varies among them. What matters is how successfully this minefield is navigated to achieve goals and mission of organizations. Managers and organizations could adopt some successful personal and HR strategies to manage office politics effectively.

Practical implications
The paper suggests some leader-level personal strategies and organizational-level HR strategies to harness office politics for the benefit of people and organizations.

Originality/value
This paper helps managers to identify the presence and sources of politics in their organizations.
Emotional labor’s impact on hoteliers outside the workplace
Authors: McGinley Sean , Wei Wei 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine why and how emotional labor influences hotel employee behavior outside the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. First, 21 entry-level hotel managers were interviewed, and grounded theory was used for the analysis of the interview data (Study 1). Then, 410 survey responses were collected from hotel employees, and the data were analyzed using a PROCESS model (Study 2).

Findings
The results of Study 1 indicated that people relied on social support networks and alcohol to cope with emotional labor. Specific hypotheses were tested in Study 2, which found that emotional labor leads to more partying when life and work responsibilities are in conflict.

Practical implications
This research provides strategic guidance for hotel managers to help employees cope with emotional labor by better managing life-work conflict.

Originality/value
This research represents an early attempt to elucidate the effects of emotional labor on individual behavior outside the workplace. Conditions were found across the two studies that suggest the role of emotional labor in increasing alcohol consumption among hotel employees.
Surgical audit: are we not closing the loop?
Authors: Dunne Declan , Lal Nikhil , Pranesh Nagarajan , Spry Michael , Mcfaul Christopher , Rooney Paul 
Published: October 2018

PurposeA clinical audit is a key component of the clinical governance framework. The rate of audit completion in general surgery has not been investigated. The purpose of this paper is to assess the rates of audit activity and completion and explore the barriers to successful audit completion.Design/methodology/approachThis was a multi-centre study evaluating current surgical audit practice. A standardised audit proforma was designed. All clinical audits in general surgery during a two-year period were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Data held by the audit departments were collated, and individual audit teams were contacted to verify the data accuracy. Audit teams failing to complete the full audit cycle with a re-audit were asked to explain the underlying reasons behind this.FindingsOf the six trusts approached, two refused to participate, and one failed to initiate the project. A total of 39 audits were registered across three surgical directorates. Only 15 out of 39 audits completed at least one audit cycle, with 4 deemed of no value to re-audit. Only seven audits were completed to re-audit. Achieving a publication or a presentation was the most cited reason for not completing the audit loop.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that the poor rates of audit completion rate found in other areas of clinical medicine pervade general surgery. Improved completion of an audit is essential and strategies to achieve this are urgently needed.
Corporate governance and voluntary risk and forward-looking disclosures
Authors: Elgammal Mohammed M. , Hussainey Khaled , Ahmed Fatma 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance on risk and forward-looking disclosures in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachThe authors automatically measure levels of risk and forward-looking disclosures in the annual reports of Qatari firms for the period 2008–2014. The authors also use two ways clustered error pooled panel regressions to examine the determinants of these disclosures.FindingsThe authors find that firms with a higher percentage of foreign ownership disclose more forward-looking information; conversely, board size has a negative impact on the forward-looking disclosure. Financial firms tend to disclose less forward-looking information, however, they tend to disclose more forward-looking information after the 2008 global financial crisis. The authors also find negative relationships between the risk disclosure and both the number of non-executive members of the board of directors and duality role of the CEO.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses the quantity of disclosure as a proxy for the quality of disclosure.Practical implicationsThe findings should help the users of corporate annual reports in Qatar to understand managerial incentives for reporting risk and forward-looking information. This should help regulators to set a proper set of disclosure rules. Moreover, this study increases our understanding of the behavior of international investors and the board characteristics (i.e. board size) in motivating risk and forward-looking disclosures in Qatari firms.Originality/valueThe authors provide the original empirical evidence on the impact of corporate ownership and board characteristics on risk and forward-looking disclosures for Qatari firms using two ways clustered error pooled panel regressions.
Investors’ sentiment and accruals anomaly: European evidence
Authors: Beer Francisca , Hamdi Badreddine , Zouaoui Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether investors’ sentiment affects accruals anomaly across European countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors estimate the model using Fama–MacBeth regressions. The sample includes 54,572 firm-year observations for 4,787 European firms during the period 1994–2014.

Findings
The authors find that investors’ sentiment influences accruals mispricing across European countries. The effect is pronounced for stocks whose valuations are highly subjective and difficult to arbitrage. The cross-country analysis provides evidence that sentiment influences accruals anomaly in countries with weaker outside shareholder rights, lower legal enforcement, lower equity market development, higher allowance of accrual accounting and in countries where herd-like behavior and overreaction behavior are strong.

Research limitations/implications
The findings suggest the generalizability of the sentiment-accruals anomaly relation in European countries characterized by different cultural values, levels of economic development and legal tradition.

Practical implications
The findings suggest to caution individuals investors. These investors would be wise to take into account the impact of sentiment on the performance of their portfolio. They must keep in mind that periods of high optimism are accompanied by a high level of accruals and followed by low future stock returns.

Originality/value
The research supplements previous American studies by showing the significance of the level of sentiment in understanding the accruals anomaly in Europe. Hence, it is important for future studies to consider investor sentiment as an important time-series determinant of the accruals anomaly, particularly for stocks that are hard to value and difficult to arbitrage.
CEOs’ accounting-based attributes and earnings management strategies under mandatory IFRS adoption
Authors: Kouaib Amel , Jarboui Anis , Mouakhar Khaireddine 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the moderating effect of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) experience/education and earnings management in European companies.Design/methodology/approachData from a sample of 302 European firms listed on Stoxx Europe 600 index and 596 CEOs from 2000 to 2014 are used to test the moderation model using moderation regression analysis.FindingsEvidence reveals that CEO’s accounting-based attributes are negatively associated with accruals-based earnings management and positively associated with real earnings management (REM). Further, mandatory IFRS adoption significantly moderates the impact of CEO’s accounting-based traits on earnings-management activities.Research limitations/implicationsA small number of European firms were studied and, given the long study period, many firms with missing data were eliminated. To avoid a small sample size, countries with few observations were included, which leads to an uneven distribution between observations per country.Practical implicationsFindings from this paper can help: European firms to consider demographic traits when recruiting or promoting executives; the IASB to improve enforcement mechanisms and make IFRS implementation mandatory; and audit committees to effectively monitor REM.Originality/valueThis study is unique in providing European evidence for the moderating effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on the relationship between CEOs’ accounting experience/education and earnings management activities. This paper is also relevant as it addresses the effectiveness and efficiency of accounting literates.