bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficacy of Laryngeal Mask Airway and Intersurgical-Gel Supraglottic Airway Device During General Anesthesia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Saqib Butt Muhammad , Nisa Noor Un , Mustafa Ghulam , Khan Hasham 
Published: September 2019

Background: Upper airways collapse during anesthesia is a common issue faced by anesthetists. Air way maintenance is an essential component of general anesthesia. Laryngeal mask airway and Intersurgical-gel (i-gel) air way devices are new advances in general anesthesia. Present study aims to compare the ease of insertion and hemodynamic response of i-gel supraglottic and laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
Material and Methods: A Randomized Clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Anesthesia, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Study duration was 6 months (June 2014- December 2014). A total of 60 patients were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling. Ethical approval was taken from ethical review board of Sheikh Zayed Hospital and informed written consents were taken from all the participants. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using lottery method. Group A was given laryngeal mask airway device while group B patients were provided with i-gel supraglottic device during anesthesia. Patients were compared for ease of insertion and hemodynamic parameters. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square and t-test were applied and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 60 patients were included in study. Mean age of patients was 35.2±11.7 years in LMA group and 36.7±13 years in i-gel group. Group B had lower number of insertion attempts (p=0.01) and high insertion satisfaction (p=0.4) as compared to group A. However, process failure and bleeding rate was found to be slightly higher in group B (16% and 13% respectively) as compared to group A (p>0.05).
Conclusion: i-gel supraglottic device is a successful alternative option in terms of ease of insertion and less hemodynamic response as compared to laryngeal mask airway during general anesthesia.
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Frequency of mandibular third molar surgical impactions in orthodontic patients with different antegonial notching
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Mudassar , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Saleh Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Zubair , Hasan Syeda Rabbab 
Published: September 2019

Background: Few studies have been reported so far on the frequency of lower third molar impactions in patients with different morphological characteristics. Our aim in this study was to find out the frequency of impacted lower third molars in orthodontic patients with different antegonial notch depths.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted at Orthodontics Department of Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, and de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2017 to June 2019. A total of 60 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients with impacted lower third molars were included. The depth of antegonial notch was calculated on all the selected OPGs by measuring distance between the deepest area of the notch cavity and the tangent on the inferior border of the mandible. The patients with depth of antegonial notch of 1 mm or less were labeled as having shallow antegonial notch, while those with 3 mm or more were considered as having deep antegonial notch. Percentages and mean + SD were calculated for different variables. Depth of antegonial notching was compared between genders using ANOVA with P-value <0.5 considered as significant.
Results: Of 60 orthodontic patients, there was an equal number of male and female patients (n=30). The average age of the patients was 25.5±4 years. Overall frequency of impactions was similar in both the genders and frequency of impacted lower third molars was found to be greater in patients with deeper antegonial notches.
Conclusion: Mandibular third molar impactions were most frequent in orthodontic patients with deep antegonial notches
Airway Clearance in Bronchiectasis: A Randomized Control Trial of N-Acetylcysteine with 3% hypertonic saline
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad Imran , Mannan Muhammad Atiq Ul , Masood Alam  , Abdul Rauf  , Muhammad Imran Sharif  
Published: September 2019

Background: N-Acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline are being used effectively for sputum clearance in chronic cases of bronchiectasis for quite some time. However, their use in acute condition of the disease seems to be underexplored. The objective of our study is to compare the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline in clearing the airway in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis.
Material and Methods: A total of 136 confirmed cases of bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. This randomized controlled trial was done in chest ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2015 to March 2017. Sampling was done by non-probability consecutive sampling and patients were divided into two groups A and B by lottery method. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants. Group A participants received nebulization of N acetylcysteine mixed in normal saline for ten minutes, while group B participants were nebulized with 10ml of 3% hypertonic saline for ten minutes. Group B was active control group in the study. Data was collected on pre-designed Proforma, and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Numerical variables such as saturation, weight of sputum, age and blood pressure was analyzed by using t test. These were considered significant if the p value was equal or less than 0 .05. For qualitative variables chi square test was applied.
Results: The mean O2 saturation of Group A, before and after treatment, was 92.11±3.07% and 94.47±2.18%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The sputum weight of Group A, before and after treatment, was 2.63±2.39 g and 7.41±1.38 g, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The frequency of rhonchi of Group A, before and after treatment, was 52% and 76%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.003). While, for Group B, the mean O2 saturation, before and after treatment, was 92.36±3.13% and 93.49±2.27%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.012). The sputum weight, before and after treatment, was 3.11±2.01 g and 5.56±1.02 g, respectively. The frequency of rhonchi, before and after treatment, was 45% and 74% respectively. Again, the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Both nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline cause airway clearance by enhancing sputum expectoration in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis equally. Both these agents also improve oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis significantly.
Earthquake Preparedness in Schools of Islamabad
Authors: Tariq Nadia , Jaffry Tamkeen Nishat , Khalid Sadaf 
Published: September 2019

Background: Pakistan is located in the Himalayan region, which has the highest vulnerability to earthquakes. The Islamabad-Rawalpindi area lies in a tectonically active zone, where earthquakes have been frequent in the recent geological past. Earthquake preparedness in schools is relatively under studied area in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to determine the level of preparedness of schools for earthquakes and to compare it between urban and rural, government and private schools in Islamabad Capital Territory.
Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative study. The study population was schools of Islamabad Capital Territory. The total sample size was 74 and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire pretested on 5% of the sample size and respondents were administrative staff of schools. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Data of the categorical variables was presented in the form of frequencies (percentages). Statistical significance of association between school profile and level of preparedness was determined by using bivariate tabular association analysis (Chi square).
Results: Out of 74 schools, 61 were private and 14 were government schools. 46 schools were located in urban areas while 28 were in rural area of Islamabad Capital Territory. Out of the total schools, 66.2% had written preparedness plan for earthquake and 73% of the schools had a safety committee to lead disaster response planning. Most of the schools (82.4%) had minimum of two exits in high occupancy rooms. There was significant association of location of school with preparedness plan for earthquake (p=0.009), and type of school with two evacuation drills annually (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Private schools and those located in urban areas are better prepared for earthquakes as compared to government schools and the ones located in rural areas.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Children: The Current Trend
Authors: Sara Najeeb  , Naima Tariq  , Muniba Kanwal  , Gul-e-Rehan  , M. Usman Sadiq  , M. Irfan Sadiq  
Published: September 2019

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections has led to increased health care costs and mortality among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative organisms responsible for urinary tract infection and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among pediatric patients of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2014 to June 2015, in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, affiliated with the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. About 270 urine samples of children with UTI were analyzed through Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and biochemical test strips system. Their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using standard techniques. Data were assessed and analyzed by SPSS version 17.
Results: Most common uropathogen was Escherichia coli (61.48%), followed by Proteus (15.5), Klebsiella (12.3%), Pseudomonas (4.5%), Enterococcus (3.7%) and Enterobacter (2.5%). Gram-negative rods, were most sensitive to imipenem (100%), Gentamycin (86%) and Amikacin (78.3%). They were least sensitive to Ampicillin (4.2%) and Norfloxacin (5.5%). Gram-positive cocci showed highest sensitivity for Vancomycin (100%) while displayed relatively less sensitivity for Nitrofurantoin (61.2%) and Gentamycin (48.7%). Cephalosporins also showed increased resistance with only 14% of gram-negative rods showing sensitivity to Cefotaxime. These organisms were highly resistant to Penicillin, showing a sensitivity of only 12.4%.
Conclusion: Decreased sensitivity against penicillin and cephalosporins is seen in uropathogens causing UTI in children. High sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin makes this drug an empirical treatment in UTI. Regular surveillance of the developing resistance in uropathogens due to inappropriate use of antibiotic is necessary to reduce complication in children with urinary tract infection.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak - Prevalence in Traumatic Head Injury at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Muhammad Junaid  , Asad Nabi  , Muhammad Aslam Khan  , Muhammad Umair  
Published: September 2019

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the surface of brain and spinal cord and through the brain’s ventricles. CSF leak is a condition that occurs when the CSF leaks through a defect in the dura or skull and out through the ear or nose. The most common causes of CSF leak include head injury, brain and sinus surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak in traumatic head injury.
Material and Methods: A descriptive case series was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for a period of 1 year, from 1st February 2016 to 31st January 2017. A total of 422 patients presenting within 48 hours of acute trauma to the head were included in a consecutive manner and followed up till 7th day to determine the CSF leak.
Results: The mean age group of our sample was 37.37 + 12.3 years of which 79.6% were male patients and 20.4% female patients. Most of the patients (55.5%) were ≤ 40 years of age. CSF leak was observed in 5.2% of patients, with otorrhea seen in 2.1% patients and rhinorrhea in 3.1% patients, respectively.
Conclusion: CSF leak is quite common in our population after acute trauma to the head. The high prevalence may be due to high frequency of accidents in our society with high velocity impact and more commonly seen in the younger age group (≤ 40 years).
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Potassium Hydroxide versus Combination of Salicylic and Lactic Acid for Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Durre-Shehwar Arshad Pirzada  , Sumaira Abdullah  , Qurat-ul Ain Zia  , Syed Afaq Ahmed  , Hamid Ali  
Published: September 2019

Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a contagious cutaneous infection caused by MC virus, affecting mainly the pediatric population. It is characterized by flesh-colored umbilicated papules occurring on the skin surface. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and salicylic acid plus lactic acid combination being keratolytic agents, are effective treatment options. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 10% KOH solution versus salicylic acid/ lactic acid combination in treating Molluscum contagiosum in pediatric population.
Material and Methods: A total of 80 children (age range 1-13 years) with Molluscum contagiosum lesions were selected from the Dermatology Out-Patient Department, and were randomly allocated into two groups by lottery method. Group A was given topical 10% KOH solution and group B was given Salicylic plus Lactic acid preparations for topical application. Patients were followed after two weeks to see regression in size of the lesion, and development of any side-effects. Final visit was scheduled at 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (version 16) with p value less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results: Patients with MC (n = 80) were equally divided into group A (treated with 10% KOH) and group B (treated with combination of Salicylic acid and Lactic acid). After 6 weeks, complete remission from Molluscum contagiosum virus was seen in 29 (72.5%) patients of group A and 34 (85%) patients of group B. There were 12 (30%) patients in group A who developed local irritation and 4 (10%) developed local erythema after 6 weeks. None of the patients of group B had any such side effects.
Conclusion: 10% KOH solution is as effective as the combination of Salicylic and Lactic acids for treatment of Molluscum contagiosum in pediatric population, however it is associated with side effects of local irritation and erythema.
Paquimeningitis y glomerulonefritis crescéntica en vasculitis p-ANCA: Reporte de caso
Authors: Contreras Kateir , Vargas María José , García Paola , González Camilo Alberto , Rodríguez Martha Patricia , Patiño-Fernández Daniela , Borda Miguel Germán 
Published: September 2019

Las vasculitis asociadas a anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo configuran patologías multisistémicas caracterizadas por afectar pequeños vasos. Se ha reportado compromiso de sistema nervioso central en 2% a 8% de los casos, rara vez al inicio del cuadro clínico.
Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 67 años de edad con vasculitis p-ANCA, quien debutó con proptosis, paquimeningitis y disfagia severa. Posteriormente deterioro renal, necesidad de hemodiálisis, ciclofosfamida y recambio plasmático terapéutico con lo cual alcanza criterios de remisión parcial y egresa de diálisis. Las vasculitis ANCA se relacionan con una amplia gama de signos y síntomas inespecíficos. La edad de aparición, creatinina inicial y requerimiento de diálisis, son factores pronósticos. El inicio oportuno del tratamiento es fundamental, requiriendo por tanto un alto índice de sospecha
Medicina interna
Authors: Residentes Residentes 
Published: September 2019

MI-1 MIOPATÍA NECROTIZANTE INFLAMATORIA AUTOINMUNE ASOCIADA A ESTATINAS (ARAGÓN DIANA, DUARTE JUAN, MAYORGA CAROL, SUÁREZ LILIA, ZAMBRANO MARÍA)
MI-2 RESPUESTA AL MANEJO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO DEL PIE DIABÉTICO: A PROPÓSITO DE 3 CASOS CLÍNICOS (DOMÍNGUEZ RUIZ JUAN DIEGO, DÍAZ ROSALES YURANY ANDREA, CERÓN MORA NATHALY YISET, HERMIDA ORTIZ CINDY ALEJADRA, RODRÍGUEZ FLÓREZ ROBERTO JOSE, PINZÓN TOVAR ALEJANDRO)
MI-3 NEUROPATÍA VASCULITICA MEDIADA POR ANCA (MILLÁN HENRY AUGUSTO, LUNA FREDY ANDRÉS, PÉREZ MARÍA ALEJANDRA, RAMOS MARÍA ELENA)
MI-4 RABDOMIOLISIS SECUNDARIA A EJERCICIO Y CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL (FIGUEREDO-PEÑA MARÍA DEL CARMEN, MOLINA-PIMIENTA LUISANA, RUIZ-TALERO PAULA)
MI-5 DELIRIUM: IDENTIFICACIÓN OPORTUNA Y MANEJO TRANSVERSAL DE LAS INTERACCIONES FARMACOLÓGICAS (ZAPATA-CRISTANCHO D.C., VALENCIA-MONSALVE A.M., MUÑOZTORRES C.E., CASTAÑEDA X. )
MI-6 SÍNDROME HEMOLÍTICO URÉMICO ATÍPICO: DESCRIPCIÓN DE 20 CASOS DE LA REGIÓN CARIBE COLOMBIANA (AROCA MARTÍNEZ GUSTAVO, CABARCAS OMAR, GONZÁLEZTÓRRES HENRY, DOMÍNGUEZ-VARGAS ALEX, CONDE JUAN, OROZCO JOSÉ, ARARAT EDUFAMIRA, MUSSO CARLOS, CONDE JUAN, CADENA ANDRÉS)
MI-7 ENFERMEDAD DEL SUERO POSTERIOR A COLOCACIÓN DE SUERO ANTIOFIDICO: UNA COMPLICACIÓN INFRECUENTE A TENER EN CUENTA (ALVAREZ PERDOMO LUIS CARLOS, MOTTA QUIMBAYA ORFA, GIRALDO BAHAMON GERMAN, ZAMORA JARAMILLO ADRIANA, PUENTES CASTRILLON MARIA ELCY, VILLALBA CERQUERA YESICA)
MI-8 ERGOTISMO: UN RETO TERAPÉUTICO (RUEDA DIANA, RUIZ CAMILO, NAVARRO KAREN, ALARCÓN PILAR)
MI-9 SÍNDROME DE LÖFGREN EN NEIVA-COLOMBIA: REPORTE DE UN CASO (POVEDA-CONDE LITHEY CRISTINA, RODRÍGUEZ-PARRA MARÍA ALEJANDRA, CORTÉS-GUZMÁN JOSÉ SANTIAGO, DURÁNGUTIÉRREZ LUIS FERNANDO.)
MI-10 MIASIS, UN PROBLEMA OLVIDADO DE SALUD PÚBLICA HUMANA: SERIE DE CASOS (SIERRA-MERLANO RITA-M, BALAGUERA CESAR, VILLADIEGO BARRIOS JEAN)
MI-11 DIABETES INSÍPIDA CENTRAL SECUNDARIA A MENINGOENCEFALITIS VIRAL (MORENO PALLARES E., BORNACELLY MENDOZA A.)
â€œMonolingual or Bilingual Approach?â€ The Best Approach to Teach Speaking for Beginner Level
Authors: Sabat Yuliyanto , Wardhani Aulia Kususma 
Published: September 2019

Some English teachers argue that the use of monolingual approach or â€œEnglish Onlyâ€ gives a lot of exposures to students and some others report it just makes the students reluctant to speak as they understand nothing about the topics being discussed. Considering the important roles of teaching approaches on studentsâ€™ success to use English, it is very crucial to conduct a research on this topic. This article is an attempt to report which approach students like the most either â€œEnglish Onlyâ€ or bilingual approach in learning speaking. Besides, it also reveals the reasons why the students choose one of the teaching approaches. As the researcher teaches speaking for beginner level, he uses his students as the subject to facilitate him to collect the data. He uses qualitative research method by using interview, questionnaire, and classroom observation to collect the data. The result of this research showed that studentsâ€™ negative perception on the use of English only and positive perception on the use of code switching supported by the result of questionnaire 95.65% participants chose strongly agree for code switching as their preferable teaching approach with the most common reasons on the material comprehension (86.86% strongly agree) and building self- confidence (78.26% strongly agree).
Keywords: monolingual approach, bilingual approach, classroom interaction
Hybrid Literacy and Its Implementation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Rifai Irfan , Susanto Fajar 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to illustrate the challenges and opportunities of implementing hybrid literacy at Junior High School level in Surabaya. Drawing from amalgamation of interviews with ten teachers who are responsible and concerned with the literacy programme in their schools, classroom observations and documents analysis, the findings indicate that the potential implementation of hybrid literacy within the schools in Surabaya tend to be disrupted by several aspects, all of which are surrounding social and cultural aspect. Social aspect such as studentsâ€™ social condition and school facilities are being the principal challenges in implementing hybrid literacy, whilst cultural aspect such as the school orientation to a particular type of literacy is also prominent to inhibit the implementation of hybrid literacy practices. This study, to some extent, is able to portray the dynamic challenges of hybrid literacy application in the school literacy programmes within the city as well as the potential sources which positively help facilitate the implementation of the future literacy programme, hybrid literacy. Although this study can be used as a reflection of the actorâ€™s lens involved in the literacy programme in Surabaya, the data is limited to three schools. The future study, therefore, should anticipate involving more schools and participants (teachers and students) to get richer data findings in regard with the challenges and opportunities of the implementation of the programme.
Keywords: Hybrid Literacy, implementation, challenges, opportunity
Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in Improving the English Department Studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension Achievement
Authors: Rojabi Ahmad Ridho 
Published: September 2019

Reading as a receptive skill is very important skill for all students of English because it is a skill that everyone needs in studying or conveying the language. However, it is very difficult for the students to catch the message from the reading text as they have limited words and reading strategies. The aim of this research is to prove whether the implementation of Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is effective to improve studentsâ€™ reading comprehension.To achieve the purpose, the classroom action research design was employed by following four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This research was implemented in two cycles, in which both the first cycle and the second cycle were carried out in two meetings. CSR is implemented to teach students reading comprehension in cooperative learning groups. CSR consists of four strategies that are implemented in pre-reading, whilst reading, and post-reading. CSR strategies consist of: (1) preview the text, (2) click and clunk, (3) get the gist, and (4) wrap up. The result of the research revealed that Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) improved the studentsâ€™ reading comprehension achievement on the fourth semester of English departmentat IAIN Jember.

Keywords: collaborative strategic reading, reading comprehension achievement, classroom action research
How Foreign Students Learn â€˜Bahasa Indonesiaâ€™ as a Second Language
Authors: Limantoro Singgih Widodo 
Published: September 2019

Foreigners who learn 'Bahasa Indonesia' in Indonesia actually learn Indonesian as a Second Language in the real-world settings. They practice Indonesian in Indonesian-speaking culture so that they expect to improve their Indonesian proficiency in a conducive language environment. In this paper, the writer would like to investigate why and how the foreign students learn it at Ubaya Language Center in Surabaya, Indonesia for about one semester. As a matter of fact, a language is also a part of culture, therefore, when they learn the Indonesian cultural activities, they might also learn the Indonesian language through cultural exposure. Based on his overall survey findings, the participants or the foreign students learning Indonesian at ULC had some reasons, such as chance for working career, for travelling, and for improving the language competence. They also used the Indonesian skills in their daily lives. This conducive language environment, their motivation and strategies in learning Indonesian in Indonesia would also enhance the success of their language learning.
Keywords: communicative competence, foster, how to learn, linguistic environment