bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Improvement of Carbon Dioxide Foam Using Nanoparticles and Viscoelastic Surfactants for Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Applications
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryFoam enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was introduced to improve the sweep efficiency but avoid the formation damage caused by polymers. Foam stability diminishes in environments with harsh salinity and high temperature, and when in contact with crude oil. The present study examines using mixtures of nanoparticles and viscoelastic surfactant (VES) to improve foam mobility for EOR applications.This paper examines the stability of carbon dioxide (CO2) foam when using alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) as a foaming agent and the change in the mobility-reduction factor (MRF) for different foam systems that contain nanoparticles and VES. To achieve this objective, foam stability for different systems was measured at 77 and 150°F using a high-pressure view chamber. Interfacial-tension (IFT) measurements (in mN/m) combined with microscopic analysis were conducted to determine the effect of crude oil on different foam systems. Single- and dual-coreflood experiments were conducted using Berea Sandstone and Boise Sandstone cores at 150°F. CO2 foam was injected with 80% quality in tertiary-recovery mode. The oil recovery and the pressure drop across the core were measured for different foam systems.Adding silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (0.1 wt%) of 140-nm size and viscoelastic cocamidopropyl betaine surfactant (0.4 wt%) to the AOS (0.5 wt%) solution improved both foam stability and MRF. In contact with crude oil, unstable oil-in-water emulsion formed inside the foam lamella, which decreased foam stability. A weak foam was formed for AOS solution, but foam stability increased by adding nanoparticles and VES. In the case of AOS solutions, the IFT measurements revealed positive values for the spreading and the bridging coefficients. Hence, the crude oil spread over the gas/water interface, and lamella films were unstable because of the bridging of oil droplets. Oil recovery from the conventional waterflooding was 48% of the original oil in place (OOIP). From the coreflood experiments, AOS foam was not able to enhance oil recovery. The tertiary-oil-recovery factor increased by 9 and 14% of the residual oil after the waterflooding stage by adding nanoparticles and VES to the foam system, respectively. The dual-coreflood experiments showed poor sweep efficiency during waterflooding. The addition of nanoparticles and VES to AOS foam increased oil recovery from the low-permeability cores by 26% of OOIP.
Predicting the need for supportive services after discharged from hospital: a systematic review
Authors: Kobewka Daniel , Mulpuru Sunita , Chassé Michaël , Thavorn Kednapa , Lavallée Luke , English Shane , Neilipovitz Benjamin , Neilipovitz Jonathan , Forster Alan , McIsaac Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
To identify models and variables that predict the need for supportive services after discharge from acute care hospital.
Methods
We performed a systematic review searching the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases from inception to May 1 st 2017.
We selected studies that derived and validated a prediction model for the need for supportive services after hospital discharge for patients admitted non-electively to a medical ward. We extracted cohort characteristics, model characteristics and variables screened and included in final predictive models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in prognostic studies tool.
Results
Our search identified 3362 unique references. Full text review identified 6 models. All studies had moderate or high risk of bias. Models had good discrimination in derivation (c-statistics >0.75) and validation (c-statistics >0.70) cohorts. There was high quality evidence that age, impaired physical function, disabilities in performing activities of daily living, and frailty predict the need for supportive services after discharge. Stroke was the only unique diagnosis with at least moderate evidence of an independent effect on the outcome. No models were externally validated, and all were at moderate of higher risk of bias.
Conclusions
The ability to perform self-care and the presence of informal care-givers in the home environment are the most direct determinants of the need for support services after hospital discharge.
Trial Registration : This review was registered with PROSPERO #CRD42016037144
Acupoint transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in hospitalized copd patients with severe dyspnoea: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Fernández Carles , Vilaró Jordi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major cause of hospital admissions and dyspnoea is its main symptom. Some studies have concluded that a new modality of acupuncture called Acupuncture transcutaneous nerve stimulation (acuTENS) could reduce dyspnoea in COPD patients by increasing beta-endorphin levels, however those trials have mainly been conducted on patients with stable condition. This study aims to determinate if the administration of acuTENS can reduce dyspnoea in patients hospitalized for AECOPD. Methods A multicentric randomized control trial with patient- and assessor-blinded will be conducted. A sample of 60 patients will be randomised to receive 45 minutes of either real acuTENS or sham acuTENS treatment once a day during 5 consecutive days. The trial will be conducted at the “Hospital del Mar” of Barcelona (Spain) and the “Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Manresa” in Manresa (Spain). The Borg scale at baseline, and day 1 to 5 will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will be the duration of the hospitalization, quantity of drugs administrated, expiratory peck flow adverse effects and mortality and readmissions at 3 months. Discussion AcuTENS is non-pharmacological, non-invasive and cheap intervention. This trial will help to understand acuTENS potential role in the treatment of AECOPD.
A five year retrospective analysis of common intestinal parasites at Poly Health Center, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ayelgn Meseret , Worku Ligabaw , Ferede Getachew , Wondimeneh Yitayih 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: Intestinal parasites are present throughout the world in varying degrees of prevalence due to many factors. The aim of this study was to determine the five year trend prevalence of intestinal prevalence among patients who had been suspected for intestinal parasite infections. A retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2013 at Poly Health Center Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Samples were examined using direct saline wet mount methods. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software and P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results were presented in tables and graphs.
Results : during the study period, a total of 13,329 stool samples were requested for intestinal parasite diagnose and 5510 (41.3%) laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a fluctuating trend. Ten different parasites were reported in each year with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (16.8%) being the predominant parasite followed by Giardia lamblia (11.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides ( 6.7%). Both males (49%) and females (51%) were equally affected (P=0.14). Intestinal parasite was reported in all age groups in the area but the highest and the lowest prevalence were reported in age groups of 20-29 years and 40-49 years, respectively (26.5% vs 6.4%) (P < 0.001).
Plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Aguree Sixtus , Gernand Alison D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Plasma volume expansion is an important physiologic change across gestation. High or low expansion has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet there is a limited understanding of normal/healthy plasma volume expansion. We aimed to evaluate the pattern of plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancies from longitudinal studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify original studies that measured plasma volume in singleton pregnancies of healthy women. Specifically, we included studies that measured plasma volume at least two times across gestation and one time before or after pregnancy in the same women. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched from the beginning of each database to February 2019. We combined data across studies using a random effects model. Results: Ten observational studies with a total of 347 pregnancies were eligible. Plasma volume increased by 6% (95% CI 3-9) in the first trimester compared to the non-pregnant state. In the second trimester, plasma volume was increased by 18% (95% CI 12-24) in gestational weeks 14-20 and 29% (95% CI 21-36) in weeks 21-27 above the nonpregnant state. In the third trimester, plasma volume was increased by 42% (95% CI 38-46) in weeks 28-34 and 48% (95% CI 44-51) in weeks 35-38. The highest rate of increase occurred in the first half of the second trimester. Included studies were rated from moderate to high quality; 7 out of 10 studies were conducted over 30 years ago. Conclusions: In healthy pregnancies, plasma volume begins to expand in the first trimester, has the steepest rate of increase in the second trimester, and peaks late in the third trimester. The patterns observed from these studies may not reflect the current population, partly due to the changes in BMI over the last several decades. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to better characterize the range of normal plasma volume expansion across maternal characteristics.
Multilevel modelling of factors associated with Caesarean Section in Ethiopia: Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Azene Abebaw Gedef , Aragaw Abiba Mihret , Gedefaw Mihretie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic and health related factors associated with caesarean section in Ethiopia.
Results: A total of 256 mothers undergoing to CS among 7193 delivery. Average maternal age of a participant was 29.26 years and 80% of mothers having two and more children. A woman delivered in private institution was 30% (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.32) more likely undergoing CS as compared to home delivery. Factors associated with CS were higher education level (AOR= 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.12), preceding birth interval (AOR= 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00. 1.03), multiple pregnancy (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 1.08, 1.15), multiple parity (AOR=0.98; 95% CI:0.97, 0.99), large size the child (AOR=1.01; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.02), richest households (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99), rural residence (AOR = 0.98 95% CI:0.96, 0.99) and Addis Ababa (AOR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.04,1.09). As a conclusion and recommendation, the prevalence of CS higher in private institutions and Addis Ababa, so professionals should apply CS alone medical indication.
Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments
Authors: Campeau Aimée , Tonmyr Lil , Gulbransen Erik , Hébert Martine , McFaull Steven , Skinner Robin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting Prevention Program (CHIRPP) is a sentinel surveillance program that collects and analyzes data on injuries and poisonings of people presenting to emergency departments (EDs) at 11 pediatric and eight general hospitals (currently) across Canada. To date, CHIRPP is an understudied source of child maltreatment (CM) surveillance data. This study: (1) describes CM cases identified in the CHIRPP database between1997/98 to 2010/11; (2) assesses the level of CM case capture over the 14-year period and; (3) uses content analysis to identify additional information captured in text fields. Methods: We reviewed cases of children under 16 whose injuries were reported as resulting from CM from 1997/98 to 2010/11. A time trend analysis of cases to assess capture was conducted and content analysis was applied to develop a codebook to assess information from text fields in CHIRPP. The frequency of types of CM and other variables identified from text fields were calculated. Finally, the frequency of types of CM were presented by age and gender. Results: A total of 2 200 CM cases were identified. There was a significant decrease in the capture of CM cases between 1999 and 2005. Physical abuse was the most prevalent type (57%), followed by sexual assault (31%), unspecified maltreatment (7%), injury as the result of exposure to family violence (3%) and neglect (2%). Text fields provided additional information including perpetrator characteristics, the use of drugs and/or alcohol during the injury event, information regarding the involvement of non-health care professionals, whether maltreatment occurred during a visitation period with a parent and, whether the child was removed from their home. Conclusions: The findings from this initial study indicate that CHIRPP could be a complimentary source of CM data. As an injury surveillance system, physical abuse and sexual assault were better captured than other types of CM. Text field data provided unique information on a number of additional details surrounding the injury event, including risk factors.
Elevated levels of serum urokinase plasminogen activator predict poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after resection
Authors: Tsai Ming-Chao , Yen Yi-Hao , Chang Kuo-Chin , Hung Chao-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Lin Ming-Tsung , Hu Tsung-Hui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is an extracellular matrix-degrading protease that is involved in the invasiveness and progression of cancer. There is good evidence that uPA expression is a clinically relevant biomarker in some solid tumors, but its role in hepatocellulcar carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum uPA before surgery in HCC patients receiving curative resection.Methods Serum uPA levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 282 HCC patients who received complete liver resections at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Overall survival (OS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional -hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The median follow-up time was 52 months.Results Patients with higher pretreatment serum uPA (≥1 ng/ml) had significantly shorter OS (p = 0.002). Patients with liver cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly more likely to present with elevated uPA levels. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that high pretreatment serum uPA [hazard ratio (HR), 1.848, p = 0.006], vascular invasion (HR, 2.940, p <0.001), and pathology stage III/IV (HR, 3.517, p<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. In further stratified analyses, the combination of serum uPA and AFP had more capacity to predict OS.Conclusions We conclude that uPA is a clinically relevant biomarker in HCC patients receiving curative resection, with higher expression of uPA being associated with higher mortality. This also highlights the potential utility of uPA as a therapeutic target for improved treatment strategies.
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in the tumor microenvironment including peritumoral tissue in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Furuse Motomasa , Kuwabara Hiroko , Ikeda Naokado , Hattori Yasuhiko , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Kagawa Naoki , Kikuta Kenichiro , Tamai Sho , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Hirose Yoshinobu , Miyatake Shin-Ichi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed needle biopsy and craniotomy specimens of patients with PCNSL to compare the PD-L1 and PD-L2 levels in the tumor and surrounding (peritumoral) tissue. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 70 patients histologically diagnosed with PCNSL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD68, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was performed. The PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions were semi-quantitatively assessed in tumor and peritumoral tissue. Results: The tumor cells expressed little or no PD-L1 and PD-L2, but macrophages expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2 in most of the patients. The PD-L1 expression score was significantly higher in peritumoral macrophages (1.81; 95%CI: 1.52–2.10) than intratumoral macrophages (1.45; 95%CI: 1.26–1.65) (p=0.0456). The mean PD-L2 expression score was significantly higher in peritumoral macrophages (2.07; 95%CI: 1.81–2.33) than intratumoral macrophages (1.52; 95%CI: 1.35–1.70) (p=0.0002). The macrophage expressions of PD-L1 and PD-L2 were significantly correlated in both tumor tissue (p=0.0179) and peritumoral tissue (p=0.020). Neither PD-L1 nor PD-L2 expression was correlated between intratumoral and peritumoral macrophages (PD-L1, p=0.9198; PD-L2, p=0.0659). PD-L1 expression on peritumoral macrophages tended to be associated with a poor Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score (p=0.0553). Conclusions: Macrophages in intratumoral and especially peritumoral tissue expressed high levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and may play an important role in the immune escape mechanism in PCNSL.
Metabolic consequences of perioperative oral carbohydrates in breast cancer patients: An explorative study
Authors: Lende Tone Hoel , Austdal Marie , Bathen Tone Frost , Varhaugvik Anne Elin , Skaland Ivar , Gudlaugsson Einar , Egeland Nina , Lunde Siri , Akslen Lars , Jonsdottir Kristin , Janssen Emiel , Søiland Håvard , Baak Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The metabolic consequences of preoperative carbohydrate load in breast cancer patients are not known. The present study investigated the systemic and tumor metabolic changes after preoperative per-oral carbohydrate load and their influence on tumor characteristics and survival. Design: Explorative study. Setting: University hospital with primary and secondary care functions in south-west Norway.Interventions and Outcome Measures: Serum and tumor tissue were sampled from a population-based cohort of 60 patients with operable breast cancer who were randomized to either per-oral carbohydrate load (preOp™; n=25) or standard pre-operative fasting (n=35) before surgery. Magnetic resonance (MR) metabolomics was performed on serum samples from all patients and high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) MR analysis on 13 tumor samples available from the fasting group and 16 tumor samples from the carbohydrate group. Results: Fourteen of 28 metabolites were differently expressed between fasting and carbohydrate groups. Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed a significant difference in the metabolic profile between the fasting and carbohydrate groups, compatible with the endocrine effects of insulin (i.e., increased serum-lactate and pyruvate and decreased ketone bodies and amino acids in the carbohydrate group). Among ER-positive tumors (n=18), glutathione was significantly elevated in the carbohydrate group compared to the fasting group (p=0.002), with a positive correlation between preoperative S-insulin levels and the glutathione content in tumors (r=0.680; p=0.002). In all tumors (n=29), glutamate was increased in tumors with high proliferation (t-test; p=0.009), independent of intervention group. Patients with ER-positive / T2 tumors and high tumor glutathione (≥1.09), high S-lactate (≥56.9), and high S-pyruvate (≥12.5) had inferior clinical outcomes regarding relapse-free survival, breast cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. Moreover, Integrated Pathway Analysis (IPA) in serum revealed activation of five major anabolic metabolic networks contributing to proliferation and growth. Conclusions: Preoperative carbohydrate load increases systemic levels of lactate and pyruvate and tumor levels of glutathione and glutamate in ER-positive patients. These biological changes may contribute to the inferior clinical outcomes observed in luminal T2 breast cancer patients. Registration of trial: CliniTrials.gov; NCT03886389. Retrospectively registered March 22, 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03886389?cond=Breast+cancer+diet&rank=1
Exploring and analysing single cell multi-omics data with VDJView
Authors: Samir Jerome , Rizzetto Simone , Gupta Money , Luciani Fabio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Single cell RNA sequencing provides unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously explore the transcriptomic and immune receptor diversity of T and B cells. However, there are limited tools available that simultaneously analyse large multi-omics datasets integrated with metadata such as patient and clinical information.Results We developed VDJView, which permits the simultaneous or independent analysis and visualisation of gene expression, immune receptors, and clinical metadata of both T and B cells. This tool is implemented as an easy-to-use R shiny web-application, which integrates numerous gene expression and TCR analysis tools, and accepts data from plate-based sorted or high-throughput single cell platforms. We utilised VDJView to analyse several 10X scRNA-seq datasets, including a recent dataset of 150,000 CD8+ T cells with available gene expression, TCR sequences, quantification of 15 surface proteins, and 44 antigen specificities (across viruses, cancer, and self-antigens). We performed quality control, filtering of tetramer non-specific cells, clustering, random sampling and hypothesis testing to discover antigen specific gene signatures which were associated with immune cell differentiation states and clonal expansion across the pathogen specific T cells. We also analysed 563 single cells (plate-based sorted) obtained from 11 subjects, revealing clonally expanded T and B cells across primary cancer tissues and metastatic lymph-node. These immune cells clustered with distinct gene signatures according to the breast cancer molecular subtype. VDJView has been tested in lab meetings and peer-to-peer discussions, showing effective data generation and discussion without the need to consult bioinformaticians.Conclusions VDJView enables researchers without profound bioinformatics skills to analyse immune scRNA-seq data, integrating and visualising this with clonality and metadata profiles, thus accelerating the process of hypothesis testing, data interpretation and discovery of cellular heterogeneity. VDJView is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kirbyvisp/vdjview .