bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐off and adaptive cost in a multiple‐resistant strain of the invasive potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Bacca Tito , Zambrano Lady S , Pineda María , Guedes Raul NC 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance to pesticides is an evolutionary process that entails, in most cases, substantial consequences to the biology of the resistant populations. In this study we focus on the life history traits of the potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora, an invasive and voracious pest for which resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was recently reported.Marginally resistant and multiple‐resistant populations were selected from eight sampled localities in Colombia; the use of a fully susceptible population was not possible since none was recognized in the laboratory or field. The multiple‐resistant Siachoque population exhibited a 42‐fold resistance to the carbamate insecticide carbofuran, and low levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, a trend observed in six of the eight tested populations. This population also exhibits 24‐fold resistance to permethrin. The marginally resistant population of Gualmatán showed 4‐fold resistance to chlorpyrifos.RESULTSThe multiple‐resistant population exhibited a 3.8‐day shorter developmental time than the susceptible population, but with higher larval mortality. The peak of egg‐laying was delayed in the resistant population in 9 days and the population growth rate was lower than that of the susceptible population.CONCLUSIONWe hypothesize that the short developmental time of the multiple‐resistant population may be an adaptation to minimize exposure to insecticides, which are applied to the soil. This adaptation is likely to require the surviving adults to compensate for the smaller nutrient amounts accumulated by the larvae in investing part of its adult life in securing the necessary resources for late‐life egg production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Flying on point clouds: Online trajectory generation and autonomous navigation for quadrotors in cluttered environments
Authors: Gao Fei , Wu William , Gao Wenliang , Shen Shaojie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicro aerial vehicles (MAVs), especially quadrotors, have been widely used in field applications, such as disaster response, field surveillance, and search‐and‐rescue. For accomplishing such missions in challenging environments, the capability of navigating with full autonomy while avoiding unexpected obstacles is the most crucial requirement. In this paper, we present a framework for online generating safe and dynamically feasible trajectories directly on the point cloud, which is the lowest‐level representation of range measurements and is applicable to different sensor types. We develop a quadrotor platform equipped with a three‐dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for simultaneously estimating states of the vehicle and building point cloud maps of the environment. Based on the incrementally registered point clouds, we online generate and refine a flight corridor, which represents the free space that the trajectory of the quadrotor should lie in. We represent the trajectory as piecewise Bézier curves by using the Bernstein polynomial basis and formulate the trajectory generation problem as a convex program. By using Bézier curves, we can constrain the position and kinodynamics of the trajectory entirely within the flight corridor and given physical limits. The proposed approach is implemented to run onboard in real‐time and is integrated into an autonomous quadrotor platform. We demonstrate fully autonomous quadrotor flights in unknown, complex environments to validate the proposed method.
Simultaneous exploration and segmentation for search and rescue
Authors: Petříček Tomáš , Šalanský Vojtěch , Zimmermann Karel , Svoboda Tomáš 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider the problem of active victim segmentation during a search‐and‐rescue (SAR) exploration mission. The robot is equipped with a multimodal sensor suite consisting of a camera, lidar, and pan‐tilt thermal sensor. The robot enters an unknown scene, builds a 3D model incrementally, and the proposed method simultaneously (a) segments the victims from incomplete multimodal measurements and (b) controls the motion of the thermal camera. Both of these tasks are difficult due to the lack of natural training data and the limited number of real‐world trials. In particular, we overcome the absence of training data for the segmentation task by employing a manually designed generative model, which provides a semisynthetic training data set. The limited number of real‐world trials is tackled by self‐supervised initialization and optimization‐based guiding of the motion control learning. In addition to that, we provide a quantitative evaluation of the proposed method on several real testing scenarios using the real SAR robot. Finally, we also provide a data set which will allow for further development of algorithms on the real data.
Estimates of landscape composition from terrestrial oblique photographs suggest homogenization of Rocky Mountain landscapes over the last century
Authors: Fortin Julie A. , Fisher Jason T. , Rhemtulla Jeanine M. , Higgs Eric S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile orthogonal (i.e., aerial or satellite) imagery has become the more conventional source of land cover data because it can yield spatially accurate land cover maps, terrestrial oblique photographs present a valuable, relatively untapped source of raw optical data for studies of land cover change. We present a case study contrasting how these two types of imagery sample landscape composition and using repeat oblique photographs to evaluate long‐term land cover change in a remote region of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We classified 46 historical oblique photographs and their corresponding modern repeats using the same discrete land cover classes employed in a Landsat‐based map of the same area. We compared landscape‐level composition estimates from both sources and regressed the land cover proportions from Landsat against the modern oblique images, hypothesizing a linear relationship for most classes. We found that the two sources sampled the landscape in broadly similar ways, with near‐concordance for dominant land cover classes, yet that oblique photographs more frequently detected narrow landscape features and estimated higher proportions of rock compared to satellite imagery, possibly due to the higher spatial resolution of the oblique photographs, and to their angle of incidence against steep slopes. We then evaluated land cover change from corresponding historical and repeat photographs and found that the landscape has homogenized over the past century via increased coniferous forest cover. Our work shows that terrestrial oblique photographs can be used to estimate landscape composition, particularly in mountain environments. This is helpful for analyzing past landscape conditions in historical photographs, monitoring decadal‐span landscape change and assessing habitat to model biodiversity through time.
Fundamentals, challenges, and nanomedicine‐based solutions for ocular diseases
Authors: Srinivasarao Dadi A. , Lohiya Garima , Katti Dhirendra S. 
Published: December 2018

The eye consists of sensitive, compactly adjoined tissue structures which act as strong physical (static) and physiological (dynamic) barriers that prevent entry of foreign bodies into the eye. Together, these barriers reduce the bioavailability of topically and intraocularly administered medicaments thus demanding frequent drug administration for the treatment of chronic eye diseases. Hence, development of drug delivery systems (DDS) that can be retained in ocular tissues for longer durations can help to reduce the frequency of drug administration, whereas, delivery systems that traverse through ocular barriers may offer higher bioavailability of administered drugs to otherwise inaccessible ocular tissues. These objectives can be partially/fully achieved using nanoparticulate/colloidal DDS. Colloidal DDS, due to their nanodimensions, undergo internalization by cells which enables transport of drugs through ocular barriers. Furthermore, nanoparticles can prolong duration of drug release and can increase residence time of entrapped cargo molecules in ocular tissues. Together, these aspects facilitate a higher bioavailability, prolonged therapeutic effect and reduced frequency of drug administration for the effective treatment of chronic ocular diseases. Hence, nanocarriers have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug delivery applications. In this review, we discuss the anatomy of ocular tissues along with their barrier properties. We then discuss ocular diseases along with the various routes of drug administration and pathways of drug transport in the eye. The next section discusses the influence of physicochemical properties of therapeutic molecules on their ocular distribution and conventional and advanced (nanoparticulate/colloidal DDS) drug formulations that are used for the treatment of ocular diseases.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Testosterone Insufficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Laan Ellen T.M. , Prins Jan M. , van Lunsen Rik H.W. , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Nievaard-Boon Marian A.F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Now that HIV infection has become a chronic disease, optimizing health status is an important goal of care for HIV-infected patients. Testosterone insufficiency (TI) can compromise health status, but little is known about the prevalence of TI and possible related factors in HIV-infected women.

Aim
To investigate the prevalence of TI among HIV-infected women attending our HIV outpatient clinic, and to study the relationship between TI and sexual function, fatigue, health status, and depression.

Methods
56 HIV-infected women aged ≥18 years who attended the HIV outpatient clinic of the Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands, were included. Blood samples were taken for endocrinologic testing and patients filled out 6 validated questionnaires measuring sexual function, fatigue, health, and depression.

Main Outcome Measure
TI, the Female Sexual Function Index, the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, the Medical Outcomes Studies Short Form 36-item health survey, and the Beck Depression Inventory were assessed.

Results
A relatively high prevalence of TI, 37%, was found. Plasma viral load and CD4 cell count did not differ between women with or without TI. Clinical fatigue, physical fatigue, and impaired cognitive function were significantly more prevalent in women with TI. Women with TI also tended to report decreased sexual desire, reduced physical activity, increased mental fatigue, reduced physical function, increased health distress, and clinical depression.

Conclusion
We recommend that in all HIV-positive women with complaints typical for TI, testosterone is measured, and that in women with TI, testosterone replacement be considered as a treatment option. However, given that complaints are also prevalent in HIV-positive women without TI, the approach to women with these complaints should include sexual and psychological evaluation.
Is Pelvic Floor sEMG a Measure of Women’s Sexual Response?
Authors: Hannan-Leith M. N. , Dayan M. , Hatfield G. , Lalumière M. L. , Albert A. Y. , Brotto L. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Pelvic floor surface electromyography (sEMG) is often used in the assessment and treatment of individuals with pelvic floor abnormalities to measure muscle tone and neural control of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM); however, little is known about the role of the PFM in sexual arousal.

Aim
The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether changes in deep and superficial PFM activity—assessed with sEMG—can be observed during the presentation of sexual stimuli.

Methods
Deep PFM sEMG activity was assessed with a vaginal probe. Superficial PFM activity was assessed with sEMG electrodes placed over the bulbocavernosus and perianal muscles. 15 sexually healthy women (mean age 27 years) watched a series of neutral, anxiety-evoking, and sexually explicit films. Continuous subjective sexual arousal was measured using a handheld arousometer.

Main Outcome Measure
Changes in microvolts were measured by sEMG sensors, from neutral to anxiety-evoking and neutral to sexually explicit films.

Results
There was an increase in intravaginal and perianal sEMG for both the erotic and anxiety films. Bulbocavernosus sEMG responses did not differ among the 3 films. Concordance between self-reported continuous sexual arousal for the erotic film and bulbocavernosus sEMG (r = 0.349) was not significantly different than concordance using intravaginal sEMG (r = 0.293) or perianal sEMG (r = 0.236).

Clinical Implications
Understanding more about which parts of the PFM respond specifically to sexual stimuli may have implications for measuring the effects of treatments aimed at improving sexual response in women.

Strength & Limitations
The results of this pilot study provide a preliminary understanding of which pelvic floor muscles respond to sexual stimuli. A limitation of this study was the small sample size.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings suggest that intravaginal and perianal sEMG respond to erotic stimuli, whereas bulbocavernosal sEMG responses do not.
Indian Basic Structure Jurisprudence in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Reconfiguring the Constitutional Politics of Religion
Authors: NELSON Matthew J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn both India and Pakistan, parliament is constitutionally endowed with ‘constituent power’, that is, the power to introduce constitutional amendments via procedures laid down in the constitution itself. Duly promulgated amendments, however, are occasionally struck down when Supreme Court judges see them as violating what the judges themselves define as the ‘essential features’ of each country’s constitutional ‘basic structure’. I trace the migration of basic structure jurisprudence from India to Pakistan, focusing on the ways in which it has elevated the power of judges over that of elected officials in the realm of religion-state relations. Specifically, I highlight the ways in which judicial independence vis-à-vis judicial appointments has been described as an essential feature of each country’s constitution, greatly enhancing the autonomous power of judges to mould constitutional benches that, in turn, define India’s constitutional understanding of secularism and Pakistan’s relationship with Islam.
The Subject in Hegel’s Absolute Idea
Authors: Tolley Clinton 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere has been a tendency in some of the most influential recent interpretations of Hegel to downplay (or simply ignore) the theological characterizations that Hegel gives to the subject-matter of logic, and to emphasize, instead, certain continuities taken to exist between Hegel’s conception of logic and that of Kant. In the work of Robert Pippin and others, this has led to an ‘apperception’-oriented interpretation of Hegel’s logic, according to which Hegel follows Kant in taking logic to be primarily concerned with the nature of human self-conscious subjectivity. Here I put pressure on this interpretation—first, by foregrounding textual and systematic evidence for taking the theological characterizations to accurately convey Hegel’s considered position on logic, as the science of the ‘absolute idea’, and then, secondly, by showing how Hegel’s arguments for the absolute formality and universality of logic point instead to a more fully-fledged rejection of Kant’s conception as too specifically psychological.
Morphometrics, growth characteristics, and phylogenetic implications ofHalysites catenularius(Tabulata, Silurian, Estonia)
Authors: Liang Kun , Elias Robert J. , Lee Dong-Jin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on multivariate morphometric analysis,Halysites catenulariusis identified from the Rumba Formation (Telychian) and Jaagarahu Formation (Sheinwoodian) of Estonia;H. priscusis confirmed as a junior synonym.Halysites catenularius,H.junior, andH.seniorare shown to be closely related;H.catenulariusis morphologically intermediate. Cyclomorphism inH.catenularius, recorded by fluctuations of corallite tabularial area, indicates an average annual growth rate of 6.0 mm, which is typical for halysitids. Tubules inH.catenularius, generated from small intramural openings between adjacent corallites, were involved in two types of interstitial increase. The intramural openings, three types of lateral increase, temporary agglutinated patches of corallites, and axial increase documented inH. catenulariusresemble features in some species ofCatenipora. These similarities are consistent with the interpretation thatHalysitesevolved fromCatenipora. Evaluation of the possibility that both genera are polyphyletic will require further detailed analysis of additional species.
Commuting Varieties for Nilpotent Radicals
Authors: Farnsteiner Rolf 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLetUbe the unipotent radical of a Borel subgroup of a connected reductive algebraic groupG, which is defined over an algebraically closed fieldk. In this paper, we extend work by Goodwin and Röhrle concerning the commuting variety of Lie(U) for Char(k) = 0 to fields whose characteristic is good forG.
Algebraic EHP Sequences Revisited
Authors: Nguyễn Thế Cu’ò’ng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe algebraic EHP sequences, algebraic analogues of the EHP sequences in homotopy theory, are important tools in algebraic topology. This note will outline two new proofs of the existence of the algebraic EHP sequences. The first proof is derived from the minimal injective resolution of the reduced singular cohomology of spheres, and the second one follows Bousfield's idea using the loop functor of unstable modules.
Left Braces and the Quantum Yang–Baxter Equation
Authors: Meng H. , Ballester-Bolinches A. , Esteban-Romero R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBraces were introduced by Rump in 2007 as a useful tool in the study of the set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation. In fact, several aspects of the theory of finite left braces and their applications in the context of the Yang–Baxter equation have been extensively investigated recently. The main aim of this paper is to introduce and study two finite brace theoretical properties associated with nilpotency, and to analyse their impact on the finite solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation.
THE PROTOCOL ON WATER AND HEALTH AS A STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL WATER GOVERNANCE INTEGRATION
Authors: Viñuales Jorge E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe 2018 report issued by a High-Level Panel on Water convened by the UN Secretary-General and the President of the World Bank, and consisting of 11 sitting heads of State and government, concluded that one of the main challenges facing global water governance is integration. Finding ways of integrating the different layers and areas of global water governance will, in turn, require institutional innovation. This article explores the potential of a well-tested yet largely under-studied approach to integration, namely that provided by the UNECE/WHO-Europe Protocol on Water and Health. It proposes that the Protocol be relied on both as an instrument and as a model that can be harnessed in four main ways: accession by a State or a regional organization (eg the EU) to the Protocol; amendment to give the Protocol a global scope; as a model framework for development, cooperation and foreign policy; as a model framework for the adoption of a contextualized instrument in another regional context.
Do financial incentives motivate conservation on private land?
Authors: Yasué Maï , Kirkpatrick James B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFinancial incentives may aid in conservation if they broaden the numbers and types of landowners who engage in protection and conservation management on private land. We examined the hypotheses that financial incentives (1) encourage participation of people with lower autonomous motivation towards conservation and lower self-transcendence (i.e. benevolence and universalism) values compared to participants in similar programmes without such incentives; (2) enable more on-ground works and activities; and (3) enhance feelings of competence and autonomy with respect to conservation actions. We surveyed 193 landowners in private land conservation programmes in Tasmania, only some of whom had received financial incentives. All of these landowners had high self-transcendence values, and autonomous motivation towards the environment. Owners of large properties and participants with higher self-enhancement values, lower self-transcendence values and lower autonomous motivation towards the environment were slightly more likely to engage in incentive programmes. However, people who received funding did not report more conservation actions than people in programmes without incentives. Owners of larger properties receiving incentives reported fewer conservation actions. Thus financial incentives probably recruited a few into nature conservation who may not have otherwise engaged, but did not result in a more intensive level of conservation management. Our results caution against the blanket-use of incentives amongst landowners who may already have values and motivations consistent with environmental action, and point to the need for further research on the socio-psychological characteristics of landowners, to examine the contextual factors that influence the effects of conservation payments.
The extinction of the Catarina pupfish Megupsilon aporus and the implications for the conservation of freshwater fish in Mexico
Authors: Valdés González Arcadio , Martínez Estévez Lourdes , Ángeles Villeda Ma. Elena , Ceballos Gerardo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtinctions are occurring at an unprecedented rate as a consequence of human activities. Vertebrates constitute the best-known group of animals, and thus the group for which there are more accurate estimates of extinctions. Among them, freshwater fishes are particularly threatened and many species are declining. Here we report the extinction of an endemic freshwater fish of Mexico, the Catarina pupfish Megupsilon aporus, the sole species of the genus Megupsilon. We present a synopsis of the discovery and description of the species, the threats to, and degradation of, its habitat, and the efforts to maintain the species in captivity before it became extinct in 2014. The loss of the Catarina pupfish has evolutionary and ecological implications, and highlights the crisis of freshwater fish extinctions. It is a warning of the likely fate of more than 200 freshwater fish species threatened with extinction in Mexico. To save these species, the country urgently needs a national strategy to articulate a bold conservation effort, with better policies on ecosystem management and water use.