bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hoarding symptoms and workplace impairment
Authors: Mathes Brittany M. , Henry Alastair , Schmidt Norman B. , Norberg Melissa M. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesA prior study found that over 50% of treatment‐seeking individuals who hoard incur at least one psychiatric work impairment day (i.e., they are unable to work or are less effective at work due to poor mental health) each month. The aim of the current study was to assess work‐related variables associated with workplace impairment in a non‐treatment‐seeking sample.DesignCross‐sectional. Self‐report questionnaires were administered via Amazon's Mechanical Turk.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐five employed individuals who reported elevated hoarding symptoms completed questionnaires regarding hoarding symptoms, work engagement, psychiatric work impairment, work control, attention and concentration difficulties at work, and quality of workplace relationships.ResultsGreater workplace control and higher quality workplace relationships were associated with greater work engagement. Greater hoarding symptoms and attention difficulties at work were associated with more psychiatric work impairment days. Work engagement statistically mediated the association between the quality of workplace relationships and work impairment, though mediation was also significant when reversing the mediating and outcome variables.ConclusionsAmong a community sample of employed individuals, greater hoarding symptoms were associated with greater psychiatric work impairment. Work‐related variables, such as co‐worker relationships and attention difficulties, contributed additional variance above that accounted for by hoarding symptoms. There were significant associations between co‐worker relationships, work engagement, and workplace impairment, though the direction of the mediation model is unclear. Future research should examine factors associated with unemployment in hoarding disorder.Practitioner Points

Clinicians should be aware that greater hoarding severity directly contributes to greater workplace impairment.

Clinicians should consider prioritizing the reduction in clutter in living areas that impact one's daily activities and subsequent ability to attend work.

Clinicians should assess and treat workplace impairment by helping individuals achieve greater control at work, developing higher quality interpersonal relationships, and improving their attentional abilities.
Histopathological analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma detected during ultrasound screening examinations in Fukushima
Authors: Suzuki Shinichi , Bogdanova Tetiana I. , Saenko Vladimir A. , Hashimoto Yuko , Ito Masahiro , Iwadate Manabu , Rogounovitch Tatiana I. , Tronko Mykola D. , Yamashita Shunichi 
Published: December 2018

Thyroid ultrasound screening of young residents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, showed a high detection rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Detailed morphological analysis of these tumors was not presented to date. This study sets out to evaluate changes in histopathological and invasive characteristics of Fukushima PTC with time after the nuclear accident of March 2011 in all available cases and in different age subgroups. Histological specimens of 115 PTCs from patients aged 18 years or younger at the time of the Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, who underwent surgical resection at Fukushima Medical University during 2012‐2016, were reviewed. Patients were divided into those treated during the first 4 years after the accident (n = 78, shorter‐onset) or later (n = 37, longer‐onset). The whole group and 3 age subgroups: children (aged less than 15 years), adolescents (aged from 15 to less than 19 years), and young adults (aged from 19 years) at surgery were analyzed. No statistically significant time‐related changes in tumor structure or invasiveness were found in the whole group or in age‐matched subgroups. Statistically significant age‐related downtrend was observed for intrathyroid spread in the whole group of patients. The absence of temporal changes in tumor morphological characteristics and tumor invasiveness strongly suggests common etiology of the shorter‐ and longer‐onset Fukushima PTCs, which are unlikely related to the effect of exposure to very low doses of radiation.
The trouble with thresholds: Rationing as a rational choice in child and family social work
Authors: Devaney John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe financial crisis of 2008, has led central governments in industrialized nations to seek to reduce public expenditure at the same time that demands upon the welfare state are increasing. Using the example of statutory social work with children and families in England, this article explores whether the concept of rationing might be a more useful way of describing practices at the front line that seek to meet the objectives of policymakers, while also being financially responsible. In doing so, the article challenges social work to see austerity as less of a descriptor of the straightened financial times we live in but rather as an ideology that is seeking to reshape the very nature of the welfare state and to push responsibility for dealing with the consequences of these decisions away from politicians and policymakers onto front line staff.
Key performance indicators and administrative data in an early psychosis service
Authors: Gore‐Jones Victoria , Dark Frances 
Published: December 2018

AimThis study aimed to introduce a set of administrative key performance indicators (KPIs) for Early Psychosis Services.MethodsThe study design was longitudinal with data retrieved from a 4‐year period between January 2009 and December 2013 included in the study. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to evaluate the KPIs.ResultsResults in the 1 year before early psychosis (EP) intervention and 1‐year postintervention were calculated for most items, and entry and exit scores were calculated for involuntary treatment orders (ITOs) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) scores. There was a 54% reduction in mental health emergency department presentations representing a cost saving of $62 524.00 (AUD). There was also an improvement in the number and duration of mental health admissions with a financial saving of $1 653 534.00 (AUD). Patients improved on all HoNOS scores from entry to exit from the services. ITOs were reduced by approximately 29% on discharge from the service.ConclusionsAdministrative data can provide useful KPIs to measure the effectiveness of EP teams and allow benchmarking with similar services.
Guppies learn faster to discriminate between red and yellow than between two shapes
Authors: Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone , Manabe Kazuchika , Bisazza Angelo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnimal species are expected to evolve specialised cognitive abilities to solve the tasks that are critical for their fitness. The literature contains several examples of specialised cognitive abilities, but few regard fish. The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a freshwater fish in which females choose their mates based on colouration, and orange‐coloured fruits are important diet enrichments for both sexes. For these reasons, we expect that this species has evolved enhanced learning abilities in colour discrimination compared to other types of discrimination. The comparison between studies in which guppies were tested for colour discrimination and studies in which guppies were tested for shape discrimination seems to support this hypothesis, but direct testing is still lacking. We experimentally compared the learning performance of guppies trained in a red–yellow colour discrimination learning task and that of guppies trained in a shape discrimination learning task using the same, automated conditioning procedure. Guppies trained in the colour discrimination showed greater learning performance, which provides support to the hypothesis that guppies possess enhanced colour discrimination abilities. Moreover, we found that male guppies performed better than females in both shape and colour discrimination learning.
Ethno‐sectarianism in Iraq, diaspora positionality and political transnationalism
Authors: KADHUM OULA 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, I draw on the experiences of Iraqi diasporas in the UK and Sweden after the 2003 US‐led intervention to demonstrate how ethno‐sectarianism in Iraq has affected their political transnationalism. Using the concepts of intersectionality and positionality, I show how the reconfiguration of the social positions of individuals and groups in the diaspora affects their types of political engagement and the spaces in which political mobilization takes place. In the case of the Iraqi diaspora, I show how, among other things, the social categories of ethnicity, religion and gender create positions of both subordination and privilege, which inhibit, reshape and empower the political actions of diasporas in both the homeland and host country. In societies divided along ethnic, religious or tribal lines, the social positions of individuals and groups relative to the dominant ethnic/religious political parties and the nationalist ideology they promote determine the nature of their diasporic mobilization.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of Cf/LAS composite and Ti60 alloy joints brazed with TiZrNiCu + Cf mixed powders
Authors: Xia Long , Hu Shengpeng , Yang Hua , Bian Hong , Wang Ke , Huang Xiaoxiao , Song Xiaoguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass‐ceramics matrix composites (Cf/LAS composites) are joined to Ti60 alloy using TiZrNiCu + Cf mixed powders by proper process parameters. The carbon fibers distribute uniformly in the brazing interlayer and react with Ti, Zr elements in the brazing alloy to form (Ti, Zr)C thin reactive layers, which are between the carbon fibers and the Ti, Zr elements. The effect of Cf content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of brazed joints are investigated. The microstructure of brazed joints varied obviously with the increasing of Cf content. The thickness of reactive layer between interlayer and Cf/LAS composites and Ti solid solution (Ti (s.s)) decrease gradually, and the volume of eutectic structure (Ti(s,s) + (Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)) decrease gradually. The obtained brazed joints exhibit a maximum shear strength of 73.5 MPa at room temperature using TiZrNiCu + 0.3 wt% Cf mixed powders. The enhanced shear strength can be attributed to the reduction in thermal stress and the reinforcing effect originated from the carbon fiber addition.
Optical bonding of tellurite glass film on silicate glass
Authors: Jeng Ray‐Jay , Kishi Tetsuo , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Yano Tetsuji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTellurite glass thin film was successfully bonded on a silicate glass substrate by the direct‐bonding (DB) method. Glass film (thickness 1‐3 μm) was fabricated by the glassblowing technique and the DB process was performed at room temperature at relative humidity (RH) of 62% or 15%. The surface adhesive strengths of the glass films bonded at 15% and 62% RH were measured as 250 and 96 mJ/m2, respectively, by the Obreimoff‐Metsik method. The hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups on the interface between the film and silicate glass were analyzed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The major bonding forces between the tellurite thin film and silicate glass were hydrogen bonds at 62% RH and bonds between Te on the tellurite glass and O on the silicate glass were concerned at 15% RH. These forces, contributed by Si–OH, were important for bond formation at 62%. The large amounts of water and OH groups on the silicate glass, determined by thermogravimetric analysis, indicated a weaker bonding process at 62% RH. This work will contribute toward reliable, high‐integrity components for integrated optical circuits, which are increasingly needed for high‐throughput data transfer.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris vegetative cells in apple juice
Authors: Cai Rui , Miao Miao , Yue Tianli , Zhang Yijun , Cui Lu , Wang Zhouli , Yuan Yahong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid were 0.375 and 2.0 mg mL−1, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 0.50 and 4.0 mg mL−1, respectively. The apple juice ingredients had little influence on the inactivation of A. acidoterrestris. After treatment with cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid, the morphology of A. acidoterrestris cells were severely destroyed; the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins increased significantly. SDS‐PAGE investigation of bacterial proteins proved that the loss of soluble proteins was obvious as well. These results demonstrated that cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid exerted their antibacterial activity mainly by an action mode of membrane disruption. This study provides an alternative method for the control of A. acidoterrestris‐related spoilage in the fruit juice/beverage industry.
Facial synthesis of a novel Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure with highly efficient photoactivity
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Zhao Danfeng , Wang Yue , Chang Yukun , Zhang Dafeng , Tang Yunxiang , Pu Xipeng , Shao Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure was synthesized by a facial etching method in ammonia solution using Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 as a self‐sacrifice precursor. With the concentration of ammonia solution increasing from 0.05 to 0.2 M, phase transformation took place, described as: Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 → Ag2VO2PO4/Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 → Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4. Compared with pristine Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4, the etched samples of Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 and Ag2VO2PO4/Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 exhibited dramatically improved activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and imidacloprid under visible light irradiation. When etched with 0.15 M ammonia solution, an Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterostructure was obtained that exhibited the highest photoactivity. This photocatalyst was nearly 9.1, 3.0, and 24.3 times more efficient than pristine Ag2VO2PO4/g‐C3N4 for degradation of MB, MO and imidacloprid, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the as‐obtained well‐defined Ag4V2O7/g‐C3N4 heterojunction, which improves the separation and transfer efficiency and prolongs the lifetime of photoinduced charges. In addition, the stability and dominant radicals were investigated.
Reducing inbreeding rates with a breeding circle: Theory and practice in Veluws Heideschaap
Authors: Windig Jack J. , Verweij Marjolein J. W. , Oldenbroek J. Kor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBreeding circles allow genetic management in closed populations without pedigrees. In a breeding circle, breeding is split over sub‐populations. Each sub‐population receives breeding males from a single sub‐population and supplies breeding males to one other sub‐population. Donor‐recipient combinations of sub‐populations remain the same over time. Here, we derive inbreeding levels both mathematically and by computer simulation and compare them to actual inbreeding rates derived from DNA information in a real sheep population. In Veluws Heideschaap, a breeding circle has been in operation for over 30 years. Mathematically, starting with inbreeding levels and kinships set to zero, inbreeding rates per generation (ΔF) initially were 0.29%–0.47% within flocks but later converged to 0.18% in all flocks. When, more realistically, inbreeding levels at the start were high and kinship between flocks low, inbreeding levels immediately dropped to the kinship levels between flocks and rates more gradually converged to 0.18%. In computer simulations with overlapping generations, inbreeding levels and rates followed the same pattern, but converged to a lower ΔF of 0.12%. ΔF was determined in the real population with a 12 K SNP chip in recent generations. ΔF in the real population was 0.29%, based on markers to 0.41% per generation based on heterozygosity levels. This is two to three times the theoretically derived values. These increased rates in the real population are probably due to selection and/or the presence of dominant rams siring a disproportionate number of offspring. When these were simulated, ΔF agreed better: 0.35% for selection, 0.38% for dominant rams and 0.67% for both together. The realized inbreeding rates are a warning that in a real population inbreeding rates in a breeding circle can be higher than theoretically expected due to selection and dominant rams. Without a breeding circle, however, inbreeding rates would have been even higher.
EU Geoeconomics: A Framework for Analyzing Bilateral Relations in the European Union
Authors: Sattich Thomas , Inderberg Tor Håkon Jackson 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExisting EU study approaches have come under stress as comprehensive models of European politics. In this context, bilateral relations between EU members remain under‐researched yet important for understanding the inner workings of the EU. While EU membership puts strong limitations on certain kinds of state behaviour it also leaves room for the pursuit of national interests through economic and legal means. Against this background, the article presents and develops the EU Geoeconomics Framework. Focussed on situations where state and companies share control over vital sectors of the national economy, this framework theorizes the relations between EU member states (MSs). After presenting the main assumptions and focus of EU Geoeconomics, the article develops six testable propositions. It then discusses these propositions as well as the fruitfulness of the framework against the latest developments in EU studies theory. The article concludes by pointing towards a renewed discussion of bilateral relations.
Genetic variants in DNMT1 and the risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Santos‐Bezerra Daniele Pereira , Admoni Sharon Nina , Mori Rosana Cristina , Pelaes Tatiana Souza , Perez Ricardo Vesoni , Machado Cleide Guimarães , Monteiro Maria Beatriz , Parisi Maria Candida , Pavin Elizabeth Joao , Queiroz Marcia Silva , Passarelli Marisa , Machado Ubiratan Fabres , Correa‐Giannella Maria Lucia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionEpigenetics participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic memory, a situation in which hyperglycemia exerts prolonged deleterious effects even after its normalization. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants in an epigenetic gene could predispose to diabetes complications.Material and MethodsWe assessed the frequency of five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding deoxyribonucleic acid methytransferase 1 (DNMT1; rs8112895, rs7254567, rs11085721, rs17291414 and rs10854076), and their associations with diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, distal polyneuropathy and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in 359 individuals with long‐term type 1 diabetes.ResultsNone of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms studied was significantly associated with the presence of chronic complications in the overall population. However, after sex stratification, the minor allele C of rs11085721 conferred risk for cardiovascular neuropathy in women after adjustment for confounding variables (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence interval 1.26–4.33; P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe fact that heterozygous mutations in DNMT1 are associated with hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy provides plausibility to the present finding. If confirmed in independent samples, it suggests that genetic variants in epigenetic genes might predispose to more or fewer epigenetic changes in the face of similar metabolic derangements triggered by hyperglycemia, constituting the “genetics of epigenetics” for microvascular diabetes complications.
External validation of the PREDICT tool in Spanish women with breast cancer participating in population‐based screening programmes
Authors: Aguirre Urko , García‐Gutiérrez Susana , Romero Anabel , Domingo Laia , Castells Xavier , Sala María ,   CAMISS Study Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesTo externally validate the PREDICT tool in a cohort of women participating in a population‐based breast cancer screening programme who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2008 in Spain.MethodsA total of 535 women were included in the validation study. We calculated predicted 5‐year survival using the beta values from the development of the PREDICT model and predicted and observed events for a given risk groups. Model fit, discrimination, and calibration were evaluated. Seeking to improve the model, we also explored the impact on discrimination of the inclusion of additional variables, not in the PREDICT algorithm.ResultsIn patients who were oestrogen receptor (ER) positive (negative), PREDICT overestimated (underestimated) the 5‐year overall survival in all the subgroups studied. Analysis of model performance showed good calibration but modest discrimination (C‐index, 0.697 [ER negative] and 0.768 [ER positive]). When updating the model, no additional variables were found to be significant in ER‐negative patients, but for ER‐positive patients, concurrent liver disease was a significant factor, its inclusion improving model discrimination (C‐index, 0.817).ConclusionsThe PREDICT tool does not discriminate well in our population considering only the variables of the original algorithm. More accurate tools are needed to obtain a better discrimination.
Symptom Burden Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Patel Kushang V. , Guralnik Jack M. , Phelan Elizabeth A. , Gell Nancy M. , Wallace Robert B. , Sullivan Mark D. , Turk Dennis C. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and impact of common co‐occurring symptoms among community‐dwelling older adults in the United States.DesignThe National Health and Aging Trends Study is a nationally representative, prospective study with annual data collection between 2011 and 2017.SettingCommunity‐based, in‐person interviews (survey response rates, 71%–96%).ParticipantsA total of 7,609 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries, 65 years or older.MeasurementsSymptoms assessed at baseline include pain, fatigue, breathing difficulty, sleeping difficulty, depressed mood, and anxiety. Total symptom count ranged from zero to six. Several outcomes were examined, including grip strength, gait speed, and overall lower‐extremity function as well as incidence of recurrent falls (two or more per year), hospitalization, disability, nursing home admission, and mortality.ResultsPrevalence of zero, one, two, three, and four or more symptoms was 25.0%, 26.6%, 20.7%, 14.0%, and 13.6%, respectively. Symptom count increased with advancing age and was higher in women than in men. Pain and fatigue were the most common co‐occurring symptoms. Higher symptom count was associated with decreased physical capacity. For example, participants with one, two, three, and four or more symptoms had gait speeds that were 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.13 m/s slower, respectively, than those with no symptoms, adjusting for specific diseases, total number of diseases, and other potential confounders (P < .001). The risk of several adverse outcomes also increased with greater symptom count. For example, compared with those with no symptoms, the adjusted risk ratios for recurrent falls were 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–1.70), 1.54 (95% CI = 1.32–1.80), 1.90 (95% CI = 1.55–2.32), and 2.38 (95% CI = 2.00–2.83) for older adults with one, two, three, and four or more symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsSymptoms frequently co‐occur among community‐dwelling older adults and are strongly associated with increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes. Symptoms represent a potential treatment target for improving outcomes and should be systematically captured in health records. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:223–231, 2019.