bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Allison Carrie , Kenny Rebecca , Holt Rosemary , Smith Paula , Baron‐Cohen Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCo‐morbid mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are extremely common in autistic adults. Vulnerability to negative life experiences such as victimisation and unemployment may be partially responsible for the development of these conditions. Here we measure the frequency of negative life experiences in autistic adults and explore how these are associated with current anxiety and depression symptoms and life satisfaction. We developed the Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ) through stakeholder consultation. The VEQ includes 60 items across 10 domains. Autistic adults with a clinical diagnosis and non‐autistic controls completed the VEQ, screening measures for anxiety and depression, and a life‐satisfaction scale in an online survey. Likelihood of experiencing each VEQ event was compared between groups, using binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to test whether total VEQ score mediated the relationship between autism and (1) depression (2) anxiety and (3) life satisfaction. Autistic adults (N = 426) reported higher rates of the majority of events in the VEQ than non‐autistic adults (N = 268). They also reported more anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Group differences in anxiety, depression and life satisfaction were partially mediated by VEQ total score. This study highlights several important understudied areas of vulnerability for autistic adults, including domestic abuse, contact with social services (as parents) and financial exploitation and hardship. Improved support, advice and advocacy services are needed to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults to negative life experiences, which may in turn improve mental health and life satisfaction in this population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1516–1528. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study investigated whether autistic adults are more vulnerable to certain negative life experiences, and whether these experiences are related to anxiety, depression and life satisfaction. We found that autistic adults are more vulnerable to many different negative life events, including employment difficulties, financial hardship and domestic abuse. Negative life experiences partially explained the higher rates of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction in autistic adults compared to non‐autistic adults. Improved support services are required to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults. Reducing vulnerability may improve mental health and increase life satisfaction in this population.
Perspectives of key stakeholders on employment of autistic adults across the united states, australia, and sweden
Authors: Black Melissa H. , Mahdi Soheil , Milbourn Benjamin , Thompson Craig , D'Angelo Axel , Ström Eva , Falkmer Marita , Falkmer Torbjörn , Lerner Matthew , Halladay Alycia , Gerber Alan , Esposito Christopher , Girdler Sonya , Bölte Sven 
Published: July 2019

Despite efforts to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals, internationally their employment rates remain low. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing successful employment for autistic adults in the labor market from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders. This study represents the second in a series of papers conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research policy brief aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A community consultation methodology using focus groups, forums, and interviews was applied with autistic individuals (n = 19), family members (n = 18), service providers (n = 21), employers (n = 11), researchers (n = 5), and advocacy group representatives (n = 5) in Australia, Sweden, and the United States, aiming to identify the factors perceived to determine gaining and maintaining employment for autistic individuals. Directed content analysis, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing employment outcomes for autistic individuals. Meaningful verbal concepts, or units of text with common themes, were also derived from the qualitative data and then linked and compared to the ICF Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Core‐sets. Across countries, activity and participation and environmental factor categories of the ICF were the most associated with employment outcomes. Results suggest that removal of environmental barriers and enhancing environmental facilitators may assist to remediate ASD‐related difficulties in the workplace. Autism Res 2019, © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study sought to understand the perspectives of autistic individuals and key stakeholders on factors influencing if autistic adults get and keep jobs. Across Australia, Sweden, and the United States, focus groups and interviews were conducted to understand international perspectives on what helps and hinders getting and keeping a job for autistic individuals. The environment, including supports, relationships, attitudes, and services, were perceived to be the most important for workplace success. Intervention targeting barriers and facilitators in the workplace environment may support autistic adults to be successful in the labor market.
An overcorrection framing effect
Authors: Seta John J. , Seta Catherine E. , McCormick Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the “typical” attribute framing manipulation, assimilation effects have often been obtained; people often judge the attributes of a judgmental target more positively when the attributes are framed positively (e.g., 99% pure) than negatively (e.g., 1% impure). Research has not, however, explored or demonstrated the effects of correcting or overcorrecting for the frame's influence. Overcorrection framing occurs when a more positive response is produced by the negative frame. Across three experiments, overcorrection as well as typical framing effects were obtained. In Experiments 1 and 2, overcorrection effects were obtained when participants were prompted to consider complementary information and, in Experiment 3, when the frame's source was described as untrustworthy. In contrast, typical framing effects were obtained when prompts were not supplied and when the frame's source was not described as being untrustworthy. These results supported the unification model that uses a priming analysis to account for assimilation (typical framing) and contrast (overcorrection framing) effects. We discussed how overcorrection is expected with other framing manipulations, such as risky‐choice framing. We provided reasons for asymmetrical correction effects and discussed implications of our analysis for holistic/analytical as well as System 1/System 2 processing styles, the influence of different amounts of cognitive resource allocations, and the possibility of a correction process involving averaging.
Impact of postoperative infective complications on long-term survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang T , Liu K , Liu C-F , Zhong Q , Zhang J , Yu J-J , Liang L , Li C , Wang M-D , Li Z-L , Wu H , Xing H , Han J , Lau W Y , Zeng Y-Y , Zhou Y-H , Gu W-M , Wang H , Chen T-H , Zhang Y-M , Zhang W-G , Pawlik T M , Wu M-C , Shen F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Postoperative complications have a great impact on the postoperative course and oncological outcomes following major cancer surgery. Among them, infective complications play an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether postoperative infective complications influence long-term survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Patients who underwent resection with curative intent for HCC between July 2003 and June 2016 were identified from a multicentre database (8 institutions) and analysed retrospectively. Independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications were identified. After excluding patients who died 90 days or less after surgery, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with and without postoperative infective complications within 30 days after resection.

Results
Among 2442 patients identified, 332 (13·6 per cent) had postoperative infective complications. Age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cirrhosis, intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery exceeding 180 min and major hepatectomy were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications. Univariable analysis revealed that median OS and RFS were poorer among patients with postoperative infective complications than among patients without (54·3 versus 86·8 months, and 22·6 versus 43·2 months, respectively; both P &lt; 0·001). After adjustment for other prognostic factors, multivariable Cox regression analyses identified postoperative infective complications as independently associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio (HR) 1·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·41; P = 0·027) and RFS (HR 1·19, 1·03 to 1·37; P = 0·021).

Conclusion
Postoperative infective complications decreased long-term OS and RFS in patients treated with liver resection for HCC.
Conformational study on telaprevir by HPLC–DAD–MS and theoretical calculation
Authors: Sun Xiuying , Jiang Yuan , Ju Xiulian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTelaprevir is a potent, selective, peptidomimetic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3‐4A serine protease. it is used for the treatment of HCV infection in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin. In the present work, the E–Z isomerization process of telaprevir in solution was revealed by online HPLC–DAD (diode array detector)–MS, variable‐temperature and variable‐gradient experiments. The molecular geometry information of the two isomers was established by molecular mechanics calculations, and good correlation between the two isomers' UV–vis spectra and their molecular geometry information was also discovered. In addition, it was revealed by molecular docking that the two isomers have different affinities to HCV NS3•4A protease, and the Z isomer, the minor form of telaprevir in solution, is the more effective inhibitor of HCV NS3•4A protease. The investigation can provide more structure information about telaprevir in solution and in the binding process of HCV NS3•4A protease.
Final analysis of a phase I/IIa trial of the folate‐binding protein‐derived E39 peptide vaccine to prevent recurrence in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Brown Tommy A. , Byrd Kevin , Vreeland Timothy J. , Clifton Guy T. , Jackson Doreen O. , Hale Diane F. , Herbert Garth S. , Myers John W. , Greene Julia M. , Berry John S. , Martin Jonathan , Elkas John C. , Conrads Thomas P. , Darcy Kathleen M. , Hamilton Chad A. , Maxwel George L. , Peoples George E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundE39, an HLA‐A2‐restricted, immunogenic peptide derived from the folate‐binding protein (FBP), is overexpressed in multiple malignancies. We conducted a phase I/IIa trial of the E39 + GM‐CSF vaccine with booster inoculations of either E39 or E39′ (an attenuated version of E39) to prevent recurrences in disease‐free endometrial and ovarian cancer patients(pts). Here, we present the final 24‐month landmark analysis.Patients and methodsHLA‐A2 + patients receiving E39 + GM‐CSF were included in the vaccine group (VG), and HLA‐A2‐ pts (or HLA‐A2 + patients refusing vaccine) were followed as the control group (CG). VG group received 6 monthly inoculations as the primary vaccine series (PVS) and were randomized to receive either E39 or E39′ booster inoculations. Demographic, safety, immunologic, and disease‐free survival (DFS) data were collected and evaluated.ResultsFifty‐one patients were enrolled; 29 in the VG and 22 in the CG. Fourteen patients received <1000 μg and 15 received 1000 μg of E39. There were no clinicopathologic differences between VG and CG or between dose groups. E39 was well tolerated. At the 24 months landmark, DFS was 55.5% (VG) vs 40.0% (CG), P = 0.339. Patients receiving 1000 μg and boosted patients also showed improved DFS (P < 0.03). DFS was improved in the 1000 μg group after treatment of primary disease (90.0% vs CG:42.9%, P = 0.007), but not in recurrent patients. In low‐FBP expressing patients, DFS was 100.0% (1000 μg), 50.0% (<1000 μg), and 25.0% (CG), P = 0.029.ConclusionsThis phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39 + GM‐CSF is safe and may be effective in preventing recurrence in high‐risk ovarian and endometrial cancer when optimally dosed (1000 μg) to FBP low patients being treated for primary disease.
Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: A systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Egan Grace , Robinson Paula D. , Martinez Juan P. D. , Alexander Sarah , Ammann Roland A. , Dupuis L. Lee , Fisher Brian T. , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Phillips Bob , Cabral Sandra , Tomlinson George , Sung Lillian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the efficacy and safety of different prophylactic systemic antibiotics in adult and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and performed searches of Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE in‐process and Embase; and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if patients had cancer or were HSCT recipients with anticipated neutropenia, and the intervention was systemic antibacterial prophylaxis. Strategies synthesized included fluoroquinolone vs no antibiotic/nonabsorbable antibiotic; fluoroquinolone vs trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole vs no antibiotic; and cephalosporin vs. no antibiotic. Fluoroquinolone vs cephalosporin and levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin were compared by network meta‐analysis. Primary outcome was bacteremia.ResultsOf 20 984 citations screened, 113 studies comparing prophylactic antibiotic to control were included. The following were effective in reducing bacteremia: fluoroquinolone vs no antibiotic/nonabsorbable antibiotic (risk ratio (RR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41‐0.76), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole vs no antibiotic (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41‐0.85) and cephalosporin vs no antibiotic (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16‐0.58). Fluoroquinolone was not significantly associated with increased Clostridium difficile infection (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.31‐1.24) or invasive fungal disease (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.79‐2.08) but did increase resistance to fluoroquinolone among bacteremia isolates (RR 3.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 10.03). Heterogeneity in fluoroquinolone effect on bacteremia was not explained by evaluated study, population, or methodological factors. Network meta‐analysis revealed no direct comparisons for pre‐specified analyses; superior regimens were not identified.ConclusionsFluoroquinolone, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, and cephalosporin prophylaxis reduced bacteremia. A clinical practice guideline to facilitate prophylactic antibiotic decision‐making is required.
Mentally disordered offenders discharged from designated hospital facilities under the medical treatment and supervision act in Japan: Reoffending and readmission
Authors: Nagata Takako , Tachimori Hisateru , Nishinaka Hirofumi , Takeda Koji , Matsuda Taro , Hirabayashi Naotsugu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent Japanese forensic mental health legislation (Medical Treatment and Supervision Act [MTSA]) was enacted in 2003. Little is known, however, about the actual outcomes for the offender patients detained within hospitals under this provision.AimThis study aimed to quantify reoffending and readmission following patients' discharge from forensic psychiatric hospital units across Japan and explore related risk factors.MethodsWe followed up 526 offenders with mental disorder who had been detained under the MTSA and who were subsequently discharged from any of the 28 hospitals nationwide between 2007 and 2015.ResultsThe total cumulative reoffence rate was found to be 2.5% (1.1–3.9%) after 1 year and 7.5% (4.6–10.4%) after 3 years. The rate of serious reoffending was 0.4% (−0.18% to 0.99%) after 1 year and 2.0% (0.4–3.6%) after 3 years. The cumulative admission rate to local psychiatric hospitals following a discharge was 21.8% after 6 months and 37.6% after 1 year. Patients who had been discharged from their MTSA order but transferred to a general psychiatric hospital before open community residence—because it was necessary to build community supports—were more likely to reoffend than those discharged directly to the community. Patients who had been diagnosed with a substance use disorder (F10–F19) and had one subsequent admission were at higher risk of further readmissions.ConclusionsThe low reoffending rates could be attributed to the intensive treatment and care plans required by the MTSA. The high rate of readmission to psychiatric hospitals may indicate shortcomings in community mental health services in Japan.
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Microreactors for Efficient Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: Mechanisms and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Pu Xin , Zhang Bohao , Su Yuanhai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAniline was synthesized from nitrobenzene through photo‐induced reduction in microreactors under UV irradiation. Nitrobenzene solution and the nanofluid prepared by a TiO2 nanocatalyst, PEG‐400, and deionized water were mixed in a capillary microreactor. The effects of catalyst composition, residence time, and substrate concentration on the reaction performance were systematically investigated. The conversion of nitrobenzene and the yield of aniline reached high values under optimized conditions. The excellent reusability of the photocatalyst was realized for four runs. A mechanism was proposed for this photocatalytic reduction process based on reaction kinetics. Both photo‐induced electrons and •CO2− could reduce nitrobenzene to aniline. The photonic efficiency in the microreactor was still much higher than that obtained in batch reactors, which was mainly attributed to the much larger effective radiation area of the microreactor.
High‐Field MRI Contrast Agents and their Synergy with Optical Imaging: the Evolution from Single Molecule Probes towards Nano‐architectures
Authors: Harris Michael , Biju Silvanose , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging have historically been based on paramagnetic metal complexes, particularly Gd3+ chelates, which tend to lose their contrast enhancement ability with increasing magnetic field strength. Emerging high‐field MRI applications require the development of novel contrast agents that exhibit high relaxation enhancement as a function of magnetic field strength. Paramagnetic ions such as Dy3+, Tb3+ or Ho3+ incorporated into supramolecular or inorganic nano‐architectures represent promising platforms for the development of high field MRI contrast agents. Furthermore, such platforms allow facile inclusion of multiple imaging modalities, therapeutic loading, and targeting vectors. This Minireview examines the application of contrast agents for high‐field MRI, which range from single molecules to nanoparticles. Approaches to create multimodal agents by combining high‐field MRI contrast properties with another imaging modality are also discussed.
Redox‐Guest‐Induced Multimode Photoluminescence Switch for Sequential Logic Gates in a Photoactive Coordination Cage
Authors: Wu Kai , Hou Ya‐Jun , Lu Yu‐Lin , Fan Yan‐Zhong , Fan Ya‐Nan , Yu Hui‐Juan , Li Kang , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolecular or supramolecular level photoluminescence (PL) modulation combining chemical and photonic input/output signals together in an integrated system can provide potential high‐density data memorizing and process functions intended for miniaturized devices and machines. Herein, a PL‐responsive supramolecular coordination cage has been demonstrated for complex interactions with redox‐active guests. PL signals of the cage can be switched and modulated by adding or retracting Fc derivatives or converting TTF into different oxidation states through chemical or photochemical pathways. As a result, reversible or stepwise PL responses are displayed by these host–guest systems because of the occurrence of photoinduced electron‐transfer (PET) or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FREnT) processes, providing unique nanodevice models bearing off/on logic gates or memristor‐like sequential memory and Boolean operation functions.
Non‐Heme FeII Diastereomeric Complexes Bearing a Hexadentate Ligand: Unexpected Consequences for the Spin State and Catalytic Oxidation Properties
Authors: Sénéchal‐David Katell , Buron Charlotte , Ségaud Nathalie , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Dos Santos Amandine , Farjon Jonathan , Guillot Régis , Herrero Christian , Inceoglu Tanya , Banse Frédéric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe reactivity and selectivity of non‐heme FeII complexes as oxidation catalysts can be substantially modified by alteration of the ligand backbone or introduction of various substituents. In comparison with the hexadentate ligand N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (TPEN), N,N′‐bis[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (2MeL62) has a methyl group on two of the four picolyl positions. FeII complexation by 2MeL62 yields two diastereomeric complexes with very similar structures, which only differ in the axial/equatorial positions occupied by the methylated pyridyl groups. In solution, these two isomers exhibit different magnetic behaviors. Whereas one isomer exhibits temperature‐dependent spin‐state conversion between the S=0 and S=2 states, the other is more reluctant towards this spin‐state equilibrium and is essentially diamagnetic at room temperature. Their catalytic properties for the oxidation of anisole by H2O2 are very different and correlate with their magnetic properties, which reflect their lability/inertness. These different properties most likely depend on the different steric constraints of the methylated pyridyl groups in the two complexes.
On Demand One‐Pot Mild Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Hybrid Forms: Advances through the Epoxide Route
Authors: Oestreicher Víctor , Jobbágy Matías 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpoxide ring opening driven alkalinization process was explored with the aim of preparing layered double hydroxide (LDH) phases on demand, at room temperature. Employing iodide as nucleophilic agent, the precipitation reaction can be driven under much lower halide concentrations. This scenario favors the selective intercalation of concomitant bulky oxo anions as nitrate or perchlorate in the LDH products, allowing for the one‐pot synthesis of an LDH able to delaminate in formamide. Even large dicarboxylic acids, −O2C‐(CH2)n‐CO2−, with n up to 8, can be quantitively intercalated within the growing LDH phase, providing a versatile one‐pot route for hybrid LDHs as well. Under the mild conditions employed, governed by a continuous pH rise from a starting acid condition, a MII to M*III ratio of 2 prevails, independently from the overall cationic composition. However, after moderate hydrothermal aging LDH phases bearing a cationic ratio higher than 2 could result. The solubility of a given chloride‐containing MII2M*III LDH can be approximated as a linear combination of the solubility of the pure hydroxylated phases of the constitutive cations, M(OH)2 and M*(OH)3.