bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐apoptotic effects of micro‐ribonucleic acid‐365 on retinal neurons by targeting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in diabetic rats: An in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Zheng Kairong , Wang Ning , Shen Yinchen , Zhang Zhihua , Gu Qing , Xu Xu , Qin Qing , Liu Yinchen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAims/ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the effects of micro‐ribonucleic acid‐365 (miR‐365) on apoptosis of retinal neurons by targeting insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in diabetes mellitus rats.Materials and MethodsHigh glucose‐induced retinal neurons were assigned into the blank (with no plasmid transfection), negative control (with plasmid transfection), anti‐miR‐365 (transfected miR‐365 antagomir), transfected IGF‐1 short hairpin RNA plasmid (sh‐IGF‐1) and transfected miR‐365 antagomir and IGF‐1 shRNA plasmid (anti‐miR‐365 + sh‐IGF‐1) groups. Proliferation and apoptosis of retinal neurons were detected by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay and Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. Expressions of miR‐365, IGF‐1, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl‐2 were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. A control group contained 10 healthy rats. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling staining was used to evaluate apoptosis of retinal neurons in rats.ResultsIn the anti‐miR‐365 group, the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were reduced in comparison with the negative control and blank groups, whereas the sh‐IGF‐1 and anti‐miR‐365 + sh‐IGF‐1 groups presented an opposite trend. Compared with the normal group, expressions of miR‐365 and Bax were increased, and expressions of IGF‐1 and Bcl‐2 were decreased, with more apoptotic cells in diabetes mellitus rat models. The sh‐IGF‐1 group had lower Bax expression, and higher expressions of IGF‐1 and Bcl‐2 with fewer apoptotic cells. Additionally, Bax expression was upregulated, expressions of IGF‐1 and Bcl‐2 were downregulated, and apoptotic cells were higher in the anti‐miR‐365 + sh‐IGF‐1 groups than the anti‐miR‐365 group.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that suppressed miR‐365 increases the IGF‐1 expression, leading to anti‐apoptotic effects on retinal neurons in diabetic rats.
Application of an 8% capsaicin patch normalizes epidermal TRPV1 expression but not the decreased intraepidermal nerve fibre density in patients with brachioradial pruritus
Authors: Pereira M.P. , Lüling H. , Dieckhöfer A. , Steinke S. , Zeidler C. , Agelopoulos K. , Ständer S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTopical capsaicin shows efficacy in the treatment of brachioradial pruritus (BRP); however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear.ObjectiveThe effect of capsaicin on the epidermis (i.e. peripheral expression of non‐neuronal sensory receptors on keratinocytes, morphological changes in innervation) is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of topical capsaicin on keratinocyte expression of TRP channels and on the intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) in patients with BRP.MethodsThirty‐one patients with BRP received an 8% capsaicin patch. Biopsies in lesional and non‐lesional skin were taken to assess epidermal morphology, keratinocyte expression of TRP channels and IENFD before and 3 weeks after treatment.ResultsTreatment with the capsaicin patch led to a significant decrease in itch and paresthetic symptoms (P < 0.05). Keratinocyte morphology is unaltered after capsaicin therapy. Reduced keratinocyte expression of TRPV1 in lesional skin (P = 0.009; n = 9) normalized 3 weeks after treatment (P = 0.016; n = 10), but not the IENFD, which remained reduced in lesional epidermis.ConclusionThe normalization of the decreased TRPV1 expression may account for the effectiveness of topical capsaicin, which does not reconstitute the reduced IENFD, arguing for a role of epidermal TRPV1 in the maintenance of BRP.
Crohn's disease associated strictures
Authors: Chan Webber Pak Wo , Mourad Fadi , Leong Rupert WL 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease that can affect any segments of the gastrointestinal tract. More than 50% of patients with CD develop stricturing or penetrating complications within the first 10 years after diagnosis. Strictures can lead to intestinal obstruction, which is a common indication for surgery. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrostenosis, imaging and therapeutic armamentarium of CD, the risk of intestinal surgery remained significantly high. Endoscopic balloon dilation is a promising first‐line alternative to surgery as it is less invasive and could preserve intestinal length. In this review, we will evaluate the literature on the mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, emerging imaging techniques, and management strategies for CD associated strictures.
Fecal immunochemical test for predicting mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Cong , Jiang Min , Sun Ming‐Jun , Cao Qin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimFecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a promising marker for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity. However, the utility of FIT for predicting mucosal healing (MH) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients has yet to be clearly demonstrated. The objective of our study was to perform a diagnostic test accuracy test meta‐analysis evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of FIT in predicting MH of UC patients.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases from inception to November 2017 that evaluated MH in UC. The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist. The extracted data were pooled using a summary receiver operating characteristic curve model. Random‐effects model was used to summarize the diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio.ResultsSix studies comprising 625 UC patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for predicting MH in UC were 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.81) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85), respectively. The FIT level had a high rule‐in value (positive likelihood ratio, 3.79; 95% CI, 2.85–5.03) and a moderate rule‐out value (negative likelihood ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16–0.43) for predicting MH in UC. The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve, 0.88; standard error of the mean, 0.02) and diagnostic odds ratio (18.08; 95% CI, 9.57–34.13) also revealed improved discrimination for identifying MH in UC with FIT concentration.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis has found that FIT is a simple, reliable non‐invasive marker for predicting MH in UC patients.
Enhanced B‐cell differentiation driven by advanced cirrhosis resulting in hyperglobulinemia
Authors: Doi Hiroyoshi , Hayashi Eiichi , Arai Jun , Tojo Masayuki , Morikawa Kenichi , Eguchi Junichi , Ito Takayoshi , Kanto Tatsuya , Kaplan David E , Yoshida Hitoshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe mechanism underlying hyperglobulinemia in cirrhosis, a long appreciated phenomenon, has never been clearly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the basis for changes in humoral immunity observed in cirrhosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our medical record to analyze serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in patients with liver disease. We also prospectively analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from liver disease patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell surface marker expressions were measured by flow cytometry and serum B‐cell‐activating factor was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of specific gene expression in magnetically separated B cells was also analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn retrospective analysis, we found that advancing cirrhosis, irrespective of underlying etiology or hepatocellular carcinoma, resulted in progressively increasing levels of serum IgG and IgA. In prospective analysis using clinical samples, we demonstrated that advancing cirrhosis stage was associated with increased toll‐like‐receptor (TLR)9 expression in CD27+ B cell and serum B‐cell‐activating factor levels but decreased CD27+ memory B‐cell frequency. The remaining CD27+ B cells in peripheral blood exhibited increased activation‐induced cytidine deaminase mRNA expression. Finally, we also demonstrated isolated B cells from advanced cirrhosis were more reactive to TLR9 stimulation that drove antibody secreting cells differentiation leading to hyperimmunoglobulinemia in vitro.ConclusionsEnhanced TLR9‐induced differentiation into antibody secreting cell may explain peripheral reductions of circulating CD27+ memory B cells as well as increased serum Ig levels in cirrhosis.
Impact of serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 level on prognosis and prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yamada Toru , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Okamura Keisuke , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Nakamura Toru , Noji Takehiro , Asano Toshimichi , Tanaka Kimitaka , Kurashima Yo , Ebihara Yuma , Murakami Soichi , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and AimLymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (s‐CA19‐9) as a preoperative predictor of lymph node metastasis.MethodsIn our department, curative‐intent hepatectomy for ICC has been performed only once the absence of metastases in para‐aortic lymph nodes (PALN) has been confirmed from intraoperative frozen‐section pathological examinations. The present study included 13 non‐resected ICC patients with PALN metastasis (PALN group) and 44 resected ICC patients without PALN metastasis (non‐PALN group). S‐CA19‐9 was examined to evaluate predictive performance for PALN metastasis and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1) from analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve. In the non‐PALN group, univariate and multivariate analyses for survival were performed on clinicopathological variables.ResultsFrom receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, s‐CA19‐9 showed good diagnostic accuracy for PALN metastasis (68%; cut‐off, 200 U/mL) and pN1 (77%; cut‐off, 100 U/mL). In univariate analysis, age (<65 years), s‐CA19‐9 (≥100 U/mL), portal vein resection, pN1, and positive resection margin (R1) were all identified as significant negative prognostic factors. Five‐year survival rates of patients with high s‐CA19‐9 and pN1 were 6.9% and 7.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, high s‐CA19‐9 and R1 represented independent predictors of poor prognosis.ConclusionsPreoperative s‐CA19‐9 appears useful as a biomarker in patients with ICC, for predicting not only lymph node metastasis but also prognosis after surgical resection with curative intent.
Frailty Versus Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries Initiative Fall Risk Score: Ability to Predict Future Falls
Authors: Crow Rebecca S. , Lohman Matthew C. , Pidgeon Dawna , Bruce Martha L. , Bartels Stephen J. , Batsis John A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the ability of frailty status to predict fall risk with that of community fall risk screening tools.DesignAnalysis of cross‐sectional and longitudinal data from NHATS.SettingNational Health and Aging Trend Study (NHATS) 2011‐2015.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N = 7,392).MeasurementsFall risk was defined according to the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries (STEADI) initiative. Frailty was defined as exhaustion, weight loss, low activity, slow gait speed, and weak grip strength. Robust was defined as meeting 0 criteria, prefrailty as 1 or 2 criteria, and frailty as 3 or more criteria. Falls were self‐reported and ascertained using NHATS subsequent rounds (2012–2015). We compared the ability of frailty to predict future falls with that of STEADI score, adjusting for age, race, sex, education, comorbidities, hearing and vision impairment, and disability.ResultsOf the 7,392 participants (58.5% female), there 3,545 (48.0%) were classified as being at low risk of falling, 2,966 (40.1%) as being at moderate risk, and 881 (11.9%) as being at high risk. The adjusted risk of falling over the 4 subsequent years was 2.5 times as great for the moderate‐risk group (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.16–2.89) and almost 4 times as great (HR = 3.79, 95% CI = 2.76–5.21) for the high‐risk group as for the low‐risk group. Risk of falling was greater for those who were prefrail (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.16–1.55) and frail (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.94–1.54) than for those who were robust.ConclusionSTEADI score is a strong predictor of future falls. Addition of frailty status does not improve the ability of the STEADI measure to predict future falls.
Chronic Physical Conditions, Multimorbidity, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Koyanagi Ai , Lara Elvira , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho Andre F. , Oh Hans , Stickley Andrew , Veronese Nicola , Vancampfort Davy 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the association between chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).DesignNationally representative, cross‐sectional, community‐based study.SettingSix countries that participated in the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 50 and older (N=32,715; mean age 62.1 ± 15.6; 51.7% female).MeasurementsThe definition of MCI was based on the recommendations of the National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association. Ten chronic conditions were assessed (angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, cataract, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions), and MCI.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity was 49.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=48.1–51.5%) and of MCI was 15.3% (95% CI=14.4–16.3%). After adjustment for potential confounders, edentulism (odds ratio (OR)=1.24), arthritis (OR=1.24), chronic lung disease (OR=1.29), cataract (OR=1.33), stroke (OR=1.94), hearing problems (OR=2.27), and multimorbidity (OR=1.40) were significantly associated with MCI. There was a gradual increase in the likelihood of MCI (1 condition: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03–1.42; ≥4 conditions: OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.70–2.52).ConclusionThese results highlight the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking chronic conditions and MCI and whether prevention or treatment of chronic conditions or multimorbidity can reduce the onset of cognitive decline and subsequent dementia, especially in LMICs.
UHP metamorphism recorded by phengite eclogite from the Caledonides of northern Sweden: P–T path and tectonic implications
Authors: Bukała Michał , Klonowska Iwona , Barnes Christopher , Majka Jarosław , Kośmińska Karolina , Janák Marian , Fassmer Kathrin , Broman Curt , Luptáková Jarmila 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Seve Nappe Complex (SNC) of the Scandinavian Caledonides records a well‐documented history of high pressure (HP) and ultra‐high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Eclogites of the SNC occur in two areas in Sweden, namely Jämtland and Norrbotten. The Jämtland eclogites and associated rocks are well‐studied and provide evidence for late Ordovician UHP metamorphism, whereas the Norrbotten eclogites, formed during the late Cambrian (Furongian)/Early Ordovician, have not been studied in such detail, especially in terms of the P–T conditions of their formation. Within the studied eclogite, clinopyroxene contains a high‐Na core and two rims: inner, medium‐Na and outer, low‐Na. Garnet consists of a high‐Ca euhedral core, low‐Ca inner rim and medium‐Ca outer rim. A similar pattern occurs within phengite, where high‐Si cores are enveloped by medium and low‐Si rims. The compositions of the mineral cores, inner rims and outer rims reflect three stages in the metamorphic evolution of the eclogite. Applied Quartz‐in‐Garnet geobarometry, coupled with Zr‐in‐rutile geothermometry reveal that garnet nucleation (E0 stage) took place at 1.5–1.6 GPa and 620–660°C. The eclogite peak‐pressure assemblage developed during the E1 stage, it consists of garnet+omphacite+phengite+rutile+coesite? and yields P–T conditions of 2.8–3.1 GPa and 660–780°C as constrained by conventional geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMMnASHT system. Later, lower‐pressure stages E2 and E3 record conditions of 2.2–2.8 GPa, 680–780°C and 2.1 GPa, 735°C, respectively. The prograde metamorphic evolution of the eclogite is inferred from inclusions of epidote, amphibole and clinopyroxene within garnet. The presence of amphibole–quartz–plagioclase symplectites, secondary epidote/zoisite and titanite replacing rutile record the later retrograde changes taking place at <1.5 GPa (referred as E4 stage). The obtained P–T conditions indicate that the Norrbotten eclogites underwent a metamorphic evolution characterized by a clockwise P–T path with peak metamorphism reaching up to coesite stability field within a relatively cold subduction regime (7.8°C/km). The obtained results provide the first evidence for UHP metamorphism in the SNC above the Arctic Circle and document cold subduction regime and multistage exhumation of the deeply subducted Baltican margin at early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny.
Glucosensing capacity of rainbow trout telencephalon
Authors: Otero‐Rodiño C. , Rocha A. , Álvarez‐Otero R. , Ceinos R. M. , López‐Patiño M. A. , Míguez J. M. , Cerdá‐Reverter J. M. , Soengas J. L. 
Published: February 2018

To assess the hypothesis of glucosensing systems present in fish telencephalon, we first demonstrated in rainbow trout, by in situ hybridisation, the presence of glucokinase (GK). Then, we assessed the response of glucosensing markers in rainbow trout telencephalon 6 hours after i.c.v. treatment with glucose or 2‐deoxyglucose (inducing glucoprivation). We evaluated the response of parameters related to the mechanisms dependent on GK, liver X receptor (LXR), mitochondrial activity, sweet taste receptor and sodium‐glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT‐1). We also assessed mRNA abundance of neuropeptides involved in the metabolic control of food intake (agouti‐related protein, neuropeptide Y, pro‐opiomelanocortin, and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐related transcript), as well as the abundance and phosphorylation status of proteins possibly involved in linking glucosensing with neuropeptide expression, such as protein kinase B (AkT), AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB). The responses obtained support the presence in the telencephalon of a glucosensing mechanism based on GK and maybe one based on LXR, although they do not support the presence of mechanisms dependent on mitochondrial activity and SGLT‐1. The mechanism based on sweet taste receptor responded to glucose but in a converse way to that characterised previously in the hypothalamus. In general, systems responded only to glucose but not to glucoprivation. Neuropeptides did not respond to glucose or glucoprivation. By contrast, the presence of glucose activates Akt and inhibits AMPK, CREB and forkhead box01. This is the first study in any vertebrate species in which the response to glucose of putative glucosensing mechanisms is demonstrated in the telencephalon. Their role might relate to processes other than homeostatic control of food intake, such as the hedonic and reward system.
Feed and water deprivation has a negative but transient effect on the rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers
Authors: Leo‐Penu C. L. O. , Picard J. , Fitzpatrick L. A. , Parker A. J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe effects on rumen kinetics after feed and water had been deprived for 72 hr were studied using four fistulated Bos indicus steers. The animals were assigned in a 2 × 4 crossover design with two treatments: feed and water ad libitum (control) and no feed and water for 72 hr (deprived) with four steers per treatment over two time periods. Feed and water deprivation caused decreases in the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (1.4 vs. 0.4 cfu × 106/ml; p = .001), live (23.7 vs. 0.8 × 109/ml; p = .001), dead (12.7 vs. 0.5 × 109/ml; p = .001) and total bacterial counts (36.4 vs. 1.4 × 109/ml; p = .001) at day 0, compared with the control treatment. However, the deprived group had greater numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (2.7 vs. 50.1 cfu × 106/ml; p = .001), live (18.3 vs. 42.2 × 109/ml; p = .001), dead (6. 5 vs. 19.1 × 109/ml; p = .001) and total bacterial counts (24.8 vs. 61.3 × 109/ml; p = .001) from rumen fluid on day 4, compared with the control treatment. The numbers of protozoa in rumen fluid from the deprived group were less than (551.2 vs. 2.4 × 103/ml; p = .001) the control group on day 0. However, the deprived treatment had fewer protozoa in rumen fluid than the control treatment on day 4 (p = .001) and day 9 (p = .001). Volatile fatty acids and in vitro gas production as functional measurements of rumen fluid followed the same trend as the bacterial and protozoa populations. These results indicate that feed and water deprivation would have a negative but transient effect on the rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers.