bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pistas sobre o pensamento ético-social protestante latino-americano
Authors: Barreto Jr. Raimundo César 
Published: February 2018

This article argues that in order to think about a Latin American Protestant social ethic one needs to understand the ethos in which it emerges. Such an ethos forms in the context of the development of Protestant social thought in Latin America. This article revisits some important moments and movements for the formation of this Protestant social thinking in the region in the course of the 20th century. Five moments are highlighted. Firstly, the awareness of Latin American Protestantism is identified as the starting point for the formation of a Protestant ethos in the continent. In a second moment, the search for autonomy of Latin American Protestantism stands out. Next, the moment is discussed when, in rupture with a reformist and socialist social vision, Protestant sectors for the first time embraced a more radical project. The fourth moment presents a brief evangelical response in the context of integral mission. Finally, the current challenges in a context marked by indigeneity and pentecostality are briefly addressed.Propõe-se que para pensar uma ética social protestante latino-americana precisa-se entender o ethos no qual ela emerge. Tal ethos se forma no contexto do desenvolvimento do pensamento social protestante na América Latina. Esse artigo revisita alguns momentos e movimentos importantes para a formação desse pensar social protestante na região no decorrer do seculo XX. Cinco momentos são destacados. Primeiramente, identifica-se a tomada de consciência do protestantismo latino-americano como ponto de partida para a formação de um ethos protestante no continente. Num segundo momento, destaca-se a busca por autonomia do protestantismo latino-americano. Em seguida, discute-se o momento quando, em ruptura com uma visão social reformista e desenvolvimentista, setores protestantes abraçaram pela primeira vez um projeto mais radical. O quarto momento apresenta uma breve resposta evangélica no contexto da missão integral. Por fim, aborda-se brevemente os desafios atuais num contexto marcado pela indigeneidade e pentecostalidade.
A AFIRMAÇÃO DE UM PARADIGMA RELIGIOSO PLURALISTA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Gabatz Celso 
Published: February 2018

Este artigo busca delinear os percursos da religiosidade contemporânea repercutindo a emergência das subjetividades, os conceitos e categorias que sustentam a análise de uma individualização da fé e possíveis continuidades, transformações e perspectivas para compreender que no lugar das identidades religiosas fixas e absorvidas por herança e tradição, há uma afirmação de trajetórias individuais de identificação. Trata-se de processos religiosos de identidade protagonizados em nível dos sujeitos individuais. As premissas aqui descortinadas retratam experiências religiosas e sociais que multiplicam expressões e sentimentos, abrigam expectativas, ampliam escolhas e expandem significados que as pessoas atribuem à própria vida ao evidenciar esta capacidade ativa em responder, aderir ou resistir, às questões intrínsecas à vivência cotidiana. This article seeks to delineate the pathways of contemporary religiosity reflecting the emergence of subjectivities, concepts and categories that support the analysis of an individualization of faith and possible continuities, transformations and perspectives to understand that instead of fixed religious identities absorbed by inheritance and tradition, there is an affirmation of individual trajectories of identification. These are religious processes of identity promoted at the level of individual subjects. The premises presented here depict religious and social experiences that multiply expressions and feelings, harbor expectations, expand choices and expand meanings that people attribute to their lives by showing this active capacity to respond, adhere or resist, to the issues intrinsic to everyday living.
CHARACTERISTICS OF Chlorella sp BIOMASS IMMOBILIZED ON CHITOSAN (Chlo-Kit) FOR ADSORPTION OF CHROMIUM(III) SOLUTION
Authors: Zaharah Titin Anita , Shofiyani Anis , Sayekti Endah 
Published: February 2018

<p>Properties of biosorbent prepared from biomass of <em>Chlorella </em>sp immobilized on chitosan (Chlo-Kit) have been studied for adsorption of Chromium(III). Chlo-Kit adsorbent prepared by following steps: dissolving chitosan to get hydrogel form, immobilization of biomasson chitosan hydrogel, <em>beads </em>formation and crosslinkingthe adsorbent beads using epichlorohydrin reagent.</p>Characterization using FT-IR spectrophotometry and SEM showed that mechanism of biomass immobilization on chitosan involves electrostatic interactions between the functional groups of such both materials. Biomass immobilized on chitosan (Chlo-Kit) showed the higher stability in acid medium than un-immobilized biomass. Adsorption of Cr(III) metal ion on Chlo-Kit occured at optimum pH of 4-5 and followed well the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of Cr(III) on Chlo-Kit was 68.965 mg/g, about 91% higher than that on Chlorella biomass
STUDY PORE CHARACTERIZATION OF γ-ALUMINA – ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE MADE OF CASSAVA PEELS (Manihot esculenta Cranz)
Authors: Hartini Hartini , Hidayat Yuniawan , Mudjijono Mudjijono 
Published: February 2018

<p>A composite of γ-alumina and activated carbon made of cassava peels was studied in terms of its pore structures and its properties. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction and structure, as well as the character and pore size of γ-alumina – activated carbon composite.</p><p>Carbon made of cassava peels was activated by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and its activities were tested according to the Indonesian Industrial Standards (SII). The addition of activated carbon into γ-alumina made in variations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % w/w, of the total weight of 10 grams. The composite of γ-alumina - activated carbon was characterized by FTIR, SAA (Surface Area Analyzer), XRD, and determination of Hysteresis Loop composites.</p>The greater addition of activated carbon to γ-alumina causes intermolecular interactions between –O-H groups form rehydrated hydrogen bonds in the composite is greater. The structure of γ-alumina in the composites remain intact although the percentage of activated carbon in composite is large. The total pore volume and surface area using the BET method of the composite decreases with increasing activated carbon percentage. The greater addition of activated carbon to γ-alumina causes size of mesoporous composites decreased with the characteristic of a composite formed is closer to the activated carbon.
CYTOTOXIC COMPOUND FROM ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr FRUIT AGAINST HeLa CELL LINE
Authors: Nurlina Nurlina , Widiyantoro Ari 
Published: February 2018

<p>The pure compound relatively (85 mg) was isolated from 4.5 kg <em>Brucea javanica</em> (L.) Merr. fruits sample. It was obtained from ethyl acetate fraction as a red-brownish amorphous solid of melting point 202-206 <sup>o</sup>C. Phytochemical screening of isolate showed positive result of terpenoid group. Based on analysis by UV, IR,<sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with known related compounds, indicated that isolate is quassinoid compound named Picras 3- en- 21- oat acid, 15-(acetyloxy)-13,20- epoxy-3-(ß-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-11, 12- dihydroxy -2, 16- dioxo -, methyl ester. Cytotoxic test using MTT assay method showed that compound have IC<sub>50</sub> 9,7 µg/mL.</p>
STUDY OF CONFORMATIONAL PREFERENCES OF ERYTHRO-CAROLIGNAN E ASSESSED BY THE COUPLING BETWEEN H7'-H8' IN DIFFERENT NMR SOLVENTS
Authors: Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah , Sapar Ajuk , Masriani Masriani 
Published: February 2018

<p><em>Erythro</em>-carolignan E (<strong>1</strong>) has been obtained from the ethanol extract of the wood bark of <em>Durio affinis</em> Becc. This research was conducted in order to prove that conformational preferences of compound <strong>1</strong> were solvent dependent. On the basis of <sup>1</sup>H-NMR data, the relative configuration of compound <strong>1</strong> was characterized by a coupling constant (<sup>3</sup><em>J</em><sub>HH</sub>) value of 3.3 Hz at H-7' in CDCl<sub>3</sub>. The coupling constant (<sup>3</sup><em>J</em><sub>HH</sub>) values of H-7' in compound <strong>1</strong> has changed to 4.1 Hz and 5.3 Hz in pyridine-<em>d</em><sub>5</sub> and acetonitrile-<em>d</em><sub>3</sub> respectively. As a result, the conformation of compound <strong>1</strong> at C7'-C8' has changed in different NMR solvents. In conclusion, structure of<em>erythro</em>-carolignan E that contains a dihydroxy group at C7'-C8' is able to change in different NMR solvent.</p>
EFFECT OF GARLIC POWDER ADDITION TO GELATIN BIOCOMPOSITE ON ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Kusuma Pramudita Putri , Fadillah Ganjar , Syaima Husna , Saraswati Teguh Endah 
Published: February 2018

<p>The addition of garlic powder to gelatin from chicken claw waste was potentially developed as a natural preservative in food, especially for meat. Preparation of gelatin/garlic biocomposite was performed in three stages: synthesis of gelatin from chicken claw, garlic powder preparation as allicin source and preparation of biocomposite gelatin/garlic. The preparation of dry biocomposites was done by weighing the gelatin and garlic powder in weight ratio of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (w/w) in the total mass of 0.75 grams. For wet biocomposite preparation, the mixture of the powder was solved in 5 mL of lactic acid 2 %. Functional groups of gelatin, garlic and biocomposite were analyzed by <em>f</em><em>ourier transform infrared spectroscopy</em> (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of biocomposite against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were tested using disc diffusion method. This test was performed on garlic powder, solvent and gelatin/garlic biocomposites powder in the ratio of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 in 2 % lactic acid solvent. The biocomposite with a weight ratio of gelatin : garlic of 1 : 1 had the optimum diameter of inhibition zone. The effectiveness of biocomposite gelatin/garlic as natural preservative applied in meat was also physically studied by organoleptic analysis. Organoleptic analysis through the hedonic test was conducted on the parameters of color, smell, and texture of gelatin/garlic biocomposites-coated meat. The results showed that the addition of garlic can increase the effectiveness of gelatin as a natural preservative of meat for four days stored in closed packaging at room temperature.</p>
Special Issue on SATREPS Myanmar Project: Construction of Myanmar Disaster Response Enhancement System and Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation Platform
Authors: Meguro Kimiro , Hideomi Gokon 
Published: February 2018

This special issue summarizes the main results of the first half of the five-year SATREPS project in Myanmar. SATREPS stands for “Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development” and it is supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). The title of our project is “Construction of Myanmar Disaster Response Enhancement System and Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation Platform.” Ours is the first SATREPS project in Myanmar and Yangon Technological University (YTU) is our main counterpart institute and relevant organizations mainly national and local governments are collaborating as strategic partners.
In Myanmar, rural and urban development has been progressing rapidly and on a large scale, and the expansion of urban population coupled with climate change has increased the risk of disaster to a critical level, especially in Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city. By monitoring changes in the urban environment, such as the topography, ground, buildings, and infrastructure, we seek to lower the level of risk. Our project will improve the disaster management system, plan and response capability, based on an evaluation of disaster vulnerabilities. Considering floods including tidal wave problems and earthquakes as the target hazards, we aim to contribute to the development of precise regional development plans and disaster management measures by identifying disaster risks in advance, and we will support the Myanmar government in strengthening its disaster response capabilities.
We plan to set up a system by which industry, academia, and the government collaborate to promote the understanding of research content, to continue research activities, and to implement research results in Myanmar. We hope that our activities in the SATREPS project will become an ideal model for solving issues in urban development and disaster management, and that the project will also contribute the other Asian countries.
In-silico Studies of Isolated Phytoalkaloid Against Lipoxygenase: Study Based on Possible Correlation
Authors: Khan Haroon , Zafar Muhammad , Den-Haan Helena , Perez-Sanchez Horacio , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: February 2018

Aim and Objective:
Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes play an important role in the
pathophysiology of several inflammatory and allergic diseases including bronchial asthma, allergic
rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Inhibitors of the LOX are believed to be an ideal approach in the treatment of
diseases caused by its over-expression. In this regard, several synthetic and natural agents are under
investigation worldwide. Alkaloids are the most thoroughly investigated class of natural compounds
with outstanding past in clinically useful drugs. In this article, we have discussed various alkaloids of
plant origin that have already shown lipoxygenase inhibition in-vitro with possible correlation in in
silico studies.

Materials and Methods:
Molecular docking studies were performed using MOE (Molecular
Operating Environment) software. Among the ten reported LOX alkaloids inhibitors, derived from
plant, compounds 4, 2, 3 and 1 showed excellent docking scores and receptor sensitivity.

Result and Conclusion:
These compounds already exhibited in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition and the
MOE results strongly correlated with the experimental results. On the basis of these in vitro assays
and computer aided results, we suggest that these compounds need further detail in vivo studies and
clinical trial for the discovery of new more effective and safe lipoxygenase inhibitors. In conclusion,
these results might be useful in the design of new and potential lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors.
LOSS (OF REVENUE) OF STATE WITHIN TAXATION CRIMES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sinaga Henry Dianto Pardamean 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe difference of state’s tax loss amount between tax investigation, which has been completely declared by the Prosecutor, and judicial verdict can not be separated from the existence of the defendant’s right to propose Witnesses/Experts, and or the dualism between the administrative penalties and the state’s revenue loss. Due to the nature of tax and the ultimum remedium of tax investigation, the element (may) cause a losses (on income) of the state should be more legally certain as material offense, and must be explicitly regulated in Indonesian tax provisions which confirms the limitation of administrative penalties and tax criminal penalties. IntisariMasih timbulnya perbedaan jumlah kerugian pada pendapatan negara antara penyidikan pajak yang telah dinyatakan lengkap oleh Jaksa Penuntut dengan putusan peradilan tidak dapat terlepas dari adanya hak tersangka/terdakwa untuk mengajukan Saksi/Ahli yang dapat meringankannya, dan atau adanya dualisme pengaturan antara kerugian administrasi dengan kerugian (in revenue) Negara. Mengingat sifat alami pajak dan penyidikan pajak sebagai upaya akhir, maka unsur (dapat) menimbulkan kerugian (in revenue) negara adalah lebih mengandung kepastian hukum sebagai delik materiil, dan harus diatur secara eksplisit dalam ketentuan pidana pajak di Indonesia yang menegaskan batasan bahwa suatu perbuatan merupakan pelanggaran administrasi perpajakan atau merupakan tindak pidana perpajakan.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER (LGBT) COMMUNITY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF A STATE BASED ON PANCASILA
Authors: Sujana I Nyoman , Setyawati Komang Arini , Ujanti Ni Made Puspasutari 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe existence of a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community is a necessity. This study aims to understand Pancasila’s view of the existence of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LBGT) communities in Indonesia against the noble values contained in Pancasila and what alternative solutions can be offered in order to prevent and mitigate the impact of LBGT communities in society. Based on the research that has been done using empirical law research method, it can be seen that the existence of this LGBT community does not conflict with the value of noble values of Pancasila. IntisariKeberadaan komunitas Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender (LGBT) di Indonesia masih dilematis. Sebagian masyarakat memandang komunitas LGBT melanggar norma hukum, agama maupun kesusilaan. Namun, di lain pihak ada sebagian masyarakat yang menganggap komunitas LGBT adalah bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari masyarakat pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami pandangan Pancasila terhadap keberadaan komunitas LGBT di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keberadaan komunitas LGBT tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila.
LEGAL POLITICS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA: ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Astriani Nadia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWater is a vital component in the life of all living things. Because water is very important for the life of all living creatures, it takes the rules, both in the form of legislation and norms and traditions of society, so that the benefits can be felt by all parties. This article will discuss the legal politics of water resources management in Indonesia from the perspective of environmental law. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research method. The results of the study explain that the legal politics of water resources management in Indonesia places the State as the ruler of water resources. In its utilization, this water resource is used as much as possible for the people's prosperity. In practice, the state divides its management authority to private parties, thus causing water privatization. This condition shows anthropocentric views still dominate the regulation of water resources. This view is contrary to the ecocentric point of view adopted by environmental law, where water is viewed as an entity that has a certain value, so that in utilizing it should not reduce the value of the water itself. IntisariAir merupakan komponen vital dalam kehidupan seluruh mahluk hidup. Karena air sangat penting bagi kehidupan seluruh mahluk hidup, maka dibutuhkan aturan, baik berupa perundang-undangan maupun norma dan tradisi masyarakat, agar manfaatnya dapat dirasakan semua pihak. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai politik hukum pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia dari perspektif hukum lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah meode penelitian yuridis normatif . Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa politik hukum pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia menempatkan Negara sebagai penguasa sumber daya air. Dalam pemanfaatannya, sumber daya air ini digunakan sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Pada prakteknya negara membagi kewenangan pengelolaannya kepada pihak swasta, sehingga menyebabkan privatisasi air. Kondisi ini memperlihatkan pandangan antroposentris masih mendominasi pengaturan sumber daya air. Pandangan ini bertentangan dengan cara pandang ekosentris yang dianut hukum lingkungan, dimana air dipandang sebagai entitas yang memiliki nilai tertentu, sehingga dalam memanfaatkannya tidak boleh mengurangi nilai air itu sendiri.
KONSEPSI MANUSIA INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF IDEOLOGI HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Pradhani Sartika Intaning 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe concept of Indonesian in Indonesia Legal Ideology Perspective is the concept of Indonesian as holistic unity which has physical and psychological nature. Indonesian shall be human who lives based on Pancasila values and lives based on the law where Pancasila is the ideology. Epistemological truth of Indonesian is human who believes in God, well behaved to others and to the world. The purpose of Indonesian is to live harmoniously with himself / herself, with the world, and with God; therefore, Indonesian can live peacefully and happily. IntisariKonsepsi manusia Indonesia dalam perspektif Ideologi Hukum Indonesia adalah konsep bahwa manusia Indonesia merupakan kesatuan holistik yang bersifat batin dan lahir dari manusia itu sendiri. Manusia Indonesia adalah manusia yang hidup berlandaskan nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila dan hidup berdasarkan hukum yang berideologi Pancasila. Kebenaran epistimologi manusia Indonesia adalah manusia yang bertakwa kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa dan berperilaku baik pada sesamanya dan alam semesta. Tujuan dari manusia Indonesia adalah untuk dapat hidup serasi dengan dirinya sendiri, dengan alam, dan dengan Tuhan yang Maha Esa, sehingga manusia Indonesia dapat hidup dengan penuh kedamaian dan kebahagiaan.
Determinants of Bifurcated Local Government Reporting Lag: The Potential for XBRL to Improve Timeliness
Authors: Sohl Shannon N. , Waymire Tammy R. , Webb Thomas Z. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Government financial reports are often released six months or more after the reporting government's fiscal year-end, and this lag limits usefulness. In a sample of 1,693 Illinois local governments, we examine the determinants of total reporting lag, bifurcating it into two distinct components: (1) audit report lag (ARL), i.e., fiscal year-end to the audit report date, and (2) regulatory reporting lag (RRL), i.e., the audit report date to submission with the State of Illinois Office of the Comptroller. These governments are required to provide regulatory filings in both PDF format and as digital financial information within 180 days of fiscal year-end. We find that prior year ARL is the biggest determinant of current year ARL and that audit firm expertise is associated with shorter ARL. In contrast, audit firm expertise is associated with longer RRL, as is slack, i.e., the number of days left in the 180-day reporting window, suggesting that balancing the demands of multiple government clients is a factor in filing time. Given recent developments in government reporting taxonomies, XBRL is well positioned as a tool to eliminate the RRL by automating the post-audit process, resulting in the timelier release of information in a consumable format to external users.