bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue life assessment of welded joints made of the stainless steel X6CrNiNb18‐10 for thermomechanical and variable amplitude loading
Authors: Bosch A. , Vormwald M. , Schackert S. , Schweizer C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of the presented work is to develop improved concepts for the prediction of fatigue lifetime under variable amplitude loading including plastic deformation and thermomechanical fatigue of welded joints made of the austenitic stainless steel 1.4550. Local strain amplitudes are located in the regime of low cycle fatigue, which is dominated by short crack growth. This can best be described by nonlinear fracture mechanics. To develop a fracture mechanics based lifetime model, different experiment types are carried out to estimate the influence of loading history, thermal cycling, and mean stresses. For the evaluation, different estimation concepts based on Palmgren‐Miner's classic linear damage accumulation rule are used: solely calculated by strain ranges, damage parameter established by Smith, Watson and Topper, and a damage parameter based on the cyclic effective J‐integral. The differences in the concepts are highlighted and used for further considerations on how to improve the lifetime prediction models.
Life assessment in constant and variable amplitude high‐temperature fatigue of ductile cast iron and metastable austenitic steel based on in situ measurement of physical properties
Authors: Klein M. , Jost B. , Smaga M. , Sorich A. , Eifler D. , Beck T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs effective methods for characterization of temperature and load dependent fatigue behavior, the present paper describes (i) application of strain increase and temperature increase tests for comprehensive quantitative characterization of the dynamic strain aging influence on fatigue properties of cast iron and (ii) analysis of electromagnetic acoustic transducer signals for early detection of fatigue damage of AISI 347 metastable austenitic stainless steel. In case of cast iron, plastic strain and stress amplitude recorded in temperature increase tests allow identification of the onset and peak of dynamic strain aging at frequencies up to 92 Hz. Isothermal strain increase tests and application of Morrow's relationships between cyclic deformation behavior and slopes of a Wöhler curve in the high cycle / low cycle fatigue‐regime allow determining the total strain Wöhler curve in excellent agreement with conventional constant amplitude experiments. In‐situ characterization of fatigue processes in AISI 347 was performed by measurement of ultrasonic signal time‐of‐flight as well as amplitude decay by electromagnetic acoustic transducers which generate ultrasonic waves directly in electrically conductive materials without the use of a couplant. Especially the time‐of‐flight signal reflects the actual specimen loading as well as cyclic hardening / softening and early fatigue damage with excellent sensitivity.
Influence of condensate corrosion on tensile and fatigue properties of brazed stainless steel joints AISI 304L/BNi‐2 for automotive exhaust systems
Authors: Schmiedt A. , Manka M. , Tillmann W. , Walther F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaterials and brazed joints for automotive exhaust systems have to resist the corrosive nature of aggressive exhaust gases as well as static and cyclic loads. In the present study, the influence of condensate corrosion according to VDA 230–214, with an ageing duration of up to 6 weeks, on the tensile and fatigue properties of stainless steel AISI 304L and brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints is investigated. In relation to the as‐received condition, the ultimate tensile strength is decreased down to 58 % and a reduction of the fatigue strength at 2⋅106 cycles down to 22 % is determined for brazed specimens, pre‐corroded for 6 weeks. In contrast to the brazed stainless steel joints, the condensate corrosion does not influence the tensile properties of the AISI 304L base material. Stress concentrations at the corrosion‐dependent circumferential grooves at the brazing seam are evaluated by stress intensity factors, which are well appropriate to characterise the fatigue behaviour depending on the corrosion condition.
Illuminating the Headrope of a Selective Flatfish Trawl: Effect on Catches of Groundfishes, Including Pacific Halibut
Authors: Lomeli Mark J. M. , Waldo Wakefield W. , Herrmann Bent 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study evaluated how illuminating the headrope of a selective flatfish trawl can affect catches of groundfishes, including Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, in the U.S. West Coast limited-entry (LE) groundfish bottom trawl fishery. Over the continental shelf, fishermen engaged in the LE bottom trawl fishery target a variety of flatfishes, roundfishes, and skates. Green LED fishing lights (Lindgren-Pitman Electralume) were used to illuminate the headrope. The lights were grouped into clusters of three, with each cluster attached ~1.3 m apart along the 40.3-m-long headrope. Catch comparisons and ratios of mean fish length classes were compared between tows conducted with (treatment) and without (control) LEDs attached along the trawl headrope. Fewer Rex Sole Glyptocephalus zaphirus, Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes stomias, and Lingcod Ophiodon elongatus were caught in the treatment than in the control trawl, though not at a significant level. Pacific Halibut catches differed between the two trawls, with the treatment trawl catching an average of 57% less Pacific Halibut. However, this outcome was not significant due to a small sample size. For Dover Sole Microstomus pacificus 31–44 cm in length and Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria 43–61 cm in length, significantly fewer fish were caught in the treatment than in the control trawl. On average, the treatment trawl caught more rockfishes Sebastes spp., English Sole Parophrys vetulus, and Petrale Sole Eopsetta jordani, but not at a significant level. These findings show that illuminating the headrope of a selective flatfish trawl can affect the catch comparisons and ratios of groundfishes, and depending on fish length and species the effect can be positive or negative.
Occurrences of Jellyfish in the Industrial Fishing Activity of the Southeastern and Southern Regions of Brazil
Authors: Rutkowski Thais , Schroeder Rafael , Resgalla Charrid 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This work presents the results of a survey of the occurrences of jellyfish bycatch in trawling, bottom gill-net, purse seine, and pole-and-line fishing gear in the main fishing port of southern Brazil Survey results are based on interviews conducted with fishers at the time of landing the catch. Historical data were also obtained on the peak occurrences of jellyfish in the last 20 years through interviews with fishers that had worked for up to 50 years in the area. Jellyfish were found to occur with the different fishing gear and to have preferential demersal behavior. The highest frequencies of occurrences were observed on the continental shelf and accompanied the trips of the fishing fleet at different times of the year. Hydrozoan jellyfish, presumably Rhacostoma atlanticum and Olindias sambaquiensis, were the most frequent and abundant species recorded during the period, but the historical data suggest peaks of occurrence every 10 years when dominant groups are replaced with others. The hypotheses of the change of diversity in the 10-year period from 1993 to 2013 can be attributed to natural processes associated with ecological strategies used by gelatinous organisms or the occupation of niches that become available with the withdrawal of planktivorous fish species in the context of overfishing.
MR fingerprinting Deep RecOnstruction NEtwork (DRONE)
Authors: Cohen Ouri , Zhu Bo , Rosen Matthew S. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeDemonstrate a novel fast method for reconstruction of multi‐dimensional MR fingerprinting (MRF) data using deep learning methods.MethodsA neural network (NN) is defined using the TensorFlow framework and trained on simulated MRF data computed with the extended phase graph formalism. The NN reconstruction accuracy for noiseless and noisy data is compared to conventional MRF template matching as a function of training data size and is quantified in simulated numerical brain phantom data and International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom data measured on 1.5T and 3T scanners with an optimized MRF EPI and MRF fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) sequences with spiral readout. The utility of the method is demonstrated in a healthy subject in vivo at 1.5T.ResultsNetwork training required 10 to 74 minutes; once trained, data reconstruction required approximately 10 ms for the MRF EPI and 76 ms for the MRF FISP sequence. Reconstruction of simulated, noiseless brain data using the NN resulted in a RMS error (RMSE) of 2.6 ms for T1 and 1.9 ms for T2. The reconstruction error in the presence of noise was less than 10% for both T1 and T2 for SNR greater than 25 dB. Phantom measurements yielded good agreement (R2 = 0.99/0.99 for MRF EPI T1/T2 and 0.94/0.98 for MRF FISP T1/T2) between the T1 and T2 estimated by the NN and reference values from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom.ConclusionReconstruction of MRF data with a NN is accurate, 300‐ to 5000‐fold faster, and more robust to noise and dictionary undersampling than conventional MRF dictionary‐matching.
To BRD or Not to BRD? A Test of Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) for the Blue Crab Fishery
Authors: Grubbs S. P. , Funkhouser H. , Myer P. , Arendt M. , Schwenter J. , Chambers R. M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We compared two bycatch reduction device (BRD) models that were designed to maintain the catch of commercially harvestable blue crabs Callinectes sapidus while excluding diamondback terrapins Malaclemys terrapin. The Virginia BRD (VA BRD) model was a thick-plastic, 5.1- × 15.3-cm, rectangular red frame. The South Carolina BRD (SC BRD) model was a thin-plastic, 5.1–6.4- × 7.3-cm, curved rectangular red frame. Baited crab traps were fished in groups of three (no BRD, VA BRD, and SC BRD) within tidal creeks in Virginia and South Carolina. In Virginia, legal-sized blue crabs from traps with BRDs were 2 mm smaller than those from traps without BRDs. In South Carolina, significantly fewer and smaller crabs were captured in traps with SC BRDs relative to traps with VA BRDs or traps without BRDs. Shorter soak times in South Carolina may have reduced traffic flow of crabs into traps fitted with BRDs, an effect that was overcome by longer soak times in Virginia. Of the 29 diamondback terrapins captured during the Virginia study, 23 were captured in traps without BRDs, 3 were captured in traps with VA BRDs, and 3 were caught in traps with SC BRDs. The BRDs are needed for the blue crab fishery to decrease diamondback terrapin mortality in hot spots where crabbing and terrapin habitat overlap.
Winter Habitat Selection by Large Brown Trout in Streams with and without Habitat Rehabilitation
Authors: Dieterman Douglas J. , Thorn William C. , Anderson Charles S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
To determine whether habitat rehabilitation provides functionally similar winter habitat to streams with natural features, we radio-tagged and tracked 83 large, stream-resident, Brown Trout Salmo trutta (&gt;330 mm TL) and compared habitat use at pool and microhabitat scales. Brown Trout used pools similarly in streams with and without habitat rehabilitation. In all streams, trout avoided pools lacking depths &gt;60 cm and with &lt;10 m2 of cover. Streams with habitat rehabilitation provided similar microhabitat features to natural streams; trout selected sites with depths from 60 to 119 cm near woody debris and with water column velocity &lt;10 cm/s in both. Trout avoided microhabitats with depths &lt;60 cm when the habitats either lacked cover or were under ice shelves or had a water column velocity &gt; 20 cm/s. Brown Trout selected artificially placed overhead bank structures and instream rocks in rehabilitated streams but used these natural features in proportion to their availability in streams without rehabilitation. We conclude that habitat rehabilitation created suitable winter habitat for Brown Trout in upper U.S. Midwestern streams.
Young Adult Cancer: Influence of the Obesity Pandemic
Authors: Berger Nathan A. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to review the association of the obesity pandemic with appearance of cancers in young adults under age 50 and to define potential mechanisms by which obesity may accelerate the development of malignancy.MethodsA comprehensive narrative review was performed to integrate preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence describing the association of obesity with cancer in young adults based on a search of PubMed and Google databases.ResultsResults from more than 100 publications are summarized. Although they differ in age groups analyzed and incidence of obesity, sufficient data exists to suggest an influence of the obesity pandemic on the increase of cancer among young adults.ConclusionsCancer in young adults is occurring with increasing frequency. Overweight and obesity have become major public health issues reaching pandemic proportions. Excess weight is associated with increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality. Multiple murine models indicate that obesity not only increases cancer incidence but also accelerates its development. Thus, the possibility exists that overweight and obesity may be contributing to the appearance of specific malignancies at younger ages. This prospect, in association with the worldwide expansion of obesity, suggests an impending explosive increase in obesity‐associated cancers in young adults.
Current Knowledge of Obesity Treatment Guidelines by Health Care Professionals
Authors: Turner Monique , Jannah Nichole , Kahan Scott , Gallagher Christine , Dietz William 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess health care professionals' knowledge of evidence‐based guidelines for the nonsurgical treatment of obesity.MethodsA nationally representative sample of internists, family practitioners, obstetricians/gynecologists, and nurse practitioners completed a web‐based survey between June 9 and July 1, 2016 (n = 1,506).ResultsOnly 16% of respondents indicated that obesity counseling should be provided approximately twice monthly in an individual or group setting for at least 6 months, in accordance with United States Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines. Only 15% of respondents identified BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with an obesity‐associated comorbid condition as the appropriate indication to prescribe pharmacotherapy for patients. Two‐thirds of respondents indicated that it is appropriate to continue long‐term pharmacotherapy under conditions inconsistent with evidence‐based guidelines, with nearly one‐quarter indicating that obesity medications should never be prescribed beyond 3 months regardless of weight loss.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that provider understanding of appropriate clinical care for obesity is inconsistent with evidence‐based recommendations. As coverage for behavioral counseling services and pharmacotherapy expands, it is imperative that health care professionals understand how to effectively leverage these treatment modalities to optimize health outcomes for patients with obesity.
Identification of an arabinopyranosyltransferase from Physcomitrella patens involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose xyloglucan
Authors: Zhu Lei , Dama Murali , Pauly Markus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hemicellulose xyloglucan consists of a backbone of a β‐1,4 glucan substituted with xylosyl moieties and many other, diverse side chains that are important for its proper function. Many, but not all glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan have been identified. Here, we report the identification of an hitherto elusive xyloglucan:arabinopyranosyltransferase. This glycosyltransferase was isolated from the moss Physcomitrella patens, where it acts as a xyloglucan “D”‐side chain transferase (XDT). Heterologous expression of PpXDT in the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant mur3.1 xlt2, where xyloglucan consists of a xylosylated glucan without further glycosyl substituents, results in the production of the arabinopyranose‐containing “D” side chain as characterized by oligosaccharide mass profiling, glycosidic linkage analysis, and NMR analysis. In addition, expression of a related Physcomitrella glycosyltransferase ortholog of PpXLT2 leads to the production of the galactose‐containing “L” side chain. The presence of the “D” and “L” xyloglucan side chains in the Arabidopsis double mutant Atmur3.1 xlt2 expressing PpXDT and PpXLT2, respectively, rescues the dwarfed phenotype of untransformed Atmur3.1 xlt2 mutants to nearly wild‐type height. Expression of PpXDT and PpXLT2 in the Atmur3.1 xlt2 mutant also enhanced root growth.
Ethylene causes transcriptomic changes in Synechocystis during phototaxis
Authors: Lacey Randy F. , Allen Cidney J. , Bakshi Arkadipta , Binder Brad M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEthylene is well known as a plant hormone, but its role in bacteria is poorly studied. We recently showed that Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 has a functional receptor for ethylene, ethylene response 1 (Etr1), that is involved in various processes such as phototaxis in response to directional light and biofilm formation. Here, we use RNA sequencing to examine the changes in gene transcripts caused by ethylene under phototaxis conditions. Over 500 gene transcripts across many functional categories, of approximately 3700 protein‐encoding genes, were altered by application of ethylene. In general, ethylene caused both up‐ and downregulation of genes within a functional category. However, the transcript levels of amino acid metabolism genes were mainly upregulated and cell envelope genes were mostly downregulated by ethylene. The changes in cell envelope genes correlate with our prior observation that ethylene affects cell surface properties to alter cell motility. Ethylene caused a twofold or more change in 62 transcripts with the largest category of upregulated genes annotated as transporters and the largest category of downregulated genes annotated as glycosyltransferases which sometimes are involved in changing the composition of sugars on the cell surface. Consistent with changes in cell envelope, glycosyltransferase, and transporter gene transcripts, application of ethylene altered the levels of specific sugar moieties on the surface of cells. Light signaling from Etr1 involves two proteins (Slr1213 and Slr1214) and a small, noncoding RNA, carbon stress‐induced RNA1 (csiR1). Application of ethylene caused a rapid, but transient, decrease in the transcript levels of etr1, slr1213, and slr1214 and a rapid and prolonged decrease in csiR1 transcript. Deletion of Slr1214 caused a large increase in csiR1 transcript levels and ethylene lowered csiR1 transcript. These data combined with prior reports indicate that ethylene functions as a signal to affect a variety of processes altering the physiology of Synechocystis cells.
Revisiting the putative role of heme as a trigger of inflammation
Authors: Vallelian Florence , Schaer Christian A. , Deuel Jeremy W. , Ingoglia Giada , Humar Rok , Buehler Paul W. , Schaer Dominik J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractActivation of the innate immune system by free heme has been proposed as one of the principal consequences of cell‐free hemoglobin (Hb) exposure. Nonetheless, in the absence of infection, heme exposures within a hematoma, during hemolysis, or upon systemic administration of Hb (eg, as a Hb‐based oxygen carrier) are typically not accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation, challenging the assumption that heme is a major proinflammatory mediator in vivo. Because of its hydrophobic nature, heme liberated from oxidized hemoglobin is rapidly transferred to alternative protein‐binding sites (eg, albumin) or to hydrophobic lipid compartments minimizing protein‐free heme under in vivo equilibrium conditions. We demonstrate that the capacity of heme to activate human neutrophil granulocytes strictly depends on the availability of non protein‐associated heme. In human endothelial cells as well as in mouse macrophage cell cultures and in mouse models of local and systemic heme exposure, protein‐associated heme or Hb do not induce inflammatory gene expression over a broad range of exposure conditions. Only experiments in protein‐free culture medium demonstrated a weak capacity of heme‐solutions to induce toll‐like receptor‐(TLR4) dependent TNF‐alpha expression in macrophages. Our data suggests that the equilibrium‐state of free and protein‐associated heme critically determines the proinflammatory capacity of the metallo‐porphyrin. Based on these data it appears unlikely that inflammation‐promoting equilibrium conditions could ever occur in vivo.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Clubbed Polyhydroquinolines in an Ionic‐Liquid and their Biological Perspective
Authors: Bhatt Jaimin D. , Patel Tarosh S. , Chudasama Chaitanya J. , Patel Kanuprasad D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA series of diarylpyrazole clubbed polyhydroquinoline derivatives (6a‐j, 7a‐j, 8a‐j) were synthesized by one pot multicomponent methodology using ionic liquid (Bbpy)(HSO4)2 as solvent as well as catalyst under microwave irradiation as energy source. The synthesized entities were further screened in vitro for their preliminary biocidal potency against group of pathogenic bacterial as well as fungal strains; against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain for antituberculosis activity and against P. falciparum to evaluate antimalarial potency. A number of compounds were found to render antibacterial activity against bacterial strains as compared to standard drugs. Compounds 6b, 6 f, 8e and 8j were found to possess higher antibacterial potency as compared to ampicillin as well as comparable to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The compounds 6e, 6j, 7e, 7j and 8j (MIC: 100 μg/mL) were found to be highly potent as antifungal candidates against C. albicans as compared to griseofulvin. For antituberculosis activity, compounds 8e, 8 h and 8j were found to be potent candidates against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain as compared to rifampicin. Compounds 7a, 7c, 7d, 7 f, 7 h, 8d and 8i were found to be highly potent as compared to quinine (0.268 μg/mL) and comparable activity as to chloroquine (0.020 μg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Vero cell proving their non‐toxic behavior.
First Experimental Evidence of Intramolecular Weak Bifurcated H Bond between Aliphatic C‐H and Aromatic Cl Atoms: X‐Ray Crystallographic Investigation on the syn Head‐to‐Head Dimer of 2,6‐Dichlorochalcone
Authors: Hu Xiaoyun , Guo Jianxin , Yin Zhongyou , Shan Zixing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe first example of an intramolecular weak bifurcated H bond between aliphatic C−H and aromatic Cl atoms was observed in a crystal of the syn head‐to‐head dimer of trans‐2,6‐dichlorochalcone. X‐ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the weak bifurcated H bond plays a crucial role for the formation of syn head‐to‐head stereoisomer, which has not been reported in nature compounds.
Well‐Defined Ruthenium Complex for Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Bhatia Anita , Muthaiah Senthilkumar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSynthesis of a water soluble ruthenium complex bearing PNP‐pincer ligand has been described. The complex in presence of KOBut was found to be efficient catalyst for the acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation (AAD) in aqueous medium. This selective synthetic protocol transforms secondary alcohols to ketones and primary alcohols to aldehydes without formation of any unwanted side products and produces only hydrogen as the sole by‐product.