bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy to Assess, Develop, and Evaluate Critical Thinking
Authors: Oermann Marilyn , Truesdell Sandra , Ziolkowski Linda 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: To care for patients with complex health problems, nurses need a strong knowledge base and critical thinking skills. Critical thinking enables the nurse to process and analyze information, solve clinical problems, and decide on actions to take. Teaching and evaluation, however, often focus on memorizing facts and details about clinical care rather than on critical thinking.
Method: Context-dependent test items are designed to evaluate critical thinking and may be used in orientation, in competency testing, and by preceptors and others who work with beginning nurses for formative evaluation and discussions with them. A context-dependent item presents introductory material to analyze and determine a course of action. The introductory material may be a clinical scenario, an issue nurses might face in their practice, patient data, graphs or flow sheets, and other types of material for analysis. Carefully planned questions for assessing critical thinking are then asked.
Conclusion: The article describes how to develop and use context-dependent items in nursing continuing education.
Reinvigorating Mandatory Safety Training: A Case Example
Authors: Stokamer Charlene L , Soccio Denise A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Prior to 1998 the New York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Manhattan conducted traditional classroom lectures for annual mandatory safety training.
Method: Instead of offering the traditional program, the Nursing Education Department planned and implemented a week-long, theme-based, self-paced, interactive training program that included colorful posters, games, models, and opportunities for manipulation of materials. The program titled "Mandatory Cruise 1998" was offered to all medical center employees.
Results: Posttests and reaction evaluations showed learning was both successful and fun.
Conclusion: This innovative method proved to be a cost-effective time-saver because compliance was accelerated; particularly significant in the current climate of reduced employee resources.
Learning Group: Facilitating the Adaptation of New Nurses to the Specialty Unit
Authors: Wong Frankie W H 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: The nursing shortage creates major problems in finding qualified, experienced nurses in the critical care area.
Method: A learning group was formed to expedite the new nurses' acquisition of skills and knowledge needed to care for critical care patients.
Results: After 4 months of continuing education provided in the learning group, all group members had demonstrated their interest in learning. They also had demonstrated they were able to perform different procedures and skills according to the standards listed in the trauma intensive care unit nurses' manual.
Conclusion: The learning group is able to facilitate quicker adaptation and smoother transition of new nurses to the trauma intensive care unit. The continuing education provided by the learning group demonstrated support from the workplace and peers to the new nurses.
Postdiploma Nursing Education: After the Year 2000
Authors: Ellerton Mary-Lou , Curran-Smith Janet 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The emergence of new health care needs related to changing demographics, financial restraints on health care, and increased rates of chronic illness has contributed to the need for nurses with a range of highly specialized skills. Yet traditional education programs for nurses have focused on diploma level preparation for bedside staff positions. This study explores the assessments of 714 clinical nurses with diploma level preparation and 56 nurse managers about the need for postdiploma nursing education. The results reveal a preference for clinically focused university education over noncredit coursework or a generic degree program. Nurses and their managers agree on the necessity for opportunities for more preparation in gerontology and palliative care, as well as the need for all practicing nurses to learn many skills cutting across clinical areas including clinical decision-making, communication, and leadership. Strategies for assisting nurses to access university education including innovative distance education methods are discussed.
Simplified Recordkeeping: Recordkeeping in an Approved Provider Status Unit
Authors: Kingston Francine 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Management of a continuing nursing education (CNE) Approved Provider Status Unit is an important, yet time-consuming process for the CNE Program Administrator. With proper instruction and clear delineation of recordkeeping role responsibilities, the CNE Program Administrator can responsibly delegate specific time-consuming functions to designated clerical personnel.
Development of Human Resources in Nursing: A Collaborative Initiative in CPR
Authors: Rajacich Dale , Khasawneh Jahara , Cameron Sheila , Al-Ma'aitah Rowaida 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: An international collaborative project between Jordanian and Canadian University nursing faculty was developed to enhance staff development for practicing nurses in Jordan. A needs assessment indicated a lack of knowledge and performance among staff nurses in emergency situations.
Method: Using the "train-the-trainer" concept, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) workshops were organized and implemented in three government and one military hospital. University faculty developed and conducted the first workshops when local trainers were prepared to provide the program in their institutions.
Results: Local trainers currently provide CPR workshops on an ongoing basis in their institutions. To date, 10 hospitals and one health center have requested CPR workshops for nursing staff.
Conclusion: The CPR workshops met the needs of the hospital nursing community and strengthened the partnership between the university faculty and local community staff nurses.
Informal Education: A Hidden Element of Clinical Nurse Consultant Practice
Authors: Jannings Wendy , Armitage Sue 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted to investigate the amount of informal education provided by 16 community-based clinical nurse consultants (CNCs) in Sydney, Australia. The survey results indicated that the CNCs spent a substantial amount of time in informal teaching, of which only 3% was recorded as a legitimate educational activity. Findings from the survey support what has been reported in the literature, that skilled knowledge can be gained in the workplace when learners interact with experts. Through the avenue of informal teaching CNCs can positively contribute to quality nursing care by addressing on-the-job learning needs of community nurses.
The Effect of Reading Ability and Response Formats on Patients' Abilities to Respond to a Patient Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Williams Susan A , Swanson Melvin S 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the relationship between reading ability and patient satisfaction measured with a 5-point Likert scale, a yes/no/uncertain choice, and a pictorial format. The study sample included 48 patients, 16 patients with third to fifth grade reading levels and 32 patients with reading levels of sixth grade or above. The mean percent agreement among the positively worded items on all three scales exceeded 80% regardless of reading level and response format. All of the patients had difficulty with the negatively worded items in all three formats, with the percent agreement dropping to only 49% between the negative items on the yes/no/uncertain and pictorial formats in the lower reading group.
The State Board of Nursing and Its Role in Continued Competency
Authors: Exstrom Sheila M 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Many agencies and individuals are involved with nurse competency, but within this cooperative effort, state boards of nursing have the unique role of assuring the public, through the issuance of licenses, that nurses are competent. The purpose of the board of nursing, as defined by public lawmakers, is to protect the public. There are public members on most boards. Boards of nursing are involved with nurse competency at the time of the nurse's initial entry into practice, on an ongoing basis at the time of license renewal, when the nurse reenters practice after a time of voluntary absence, and after disciplinary action of the nurse. The participation in continuing education activities is one major method for nurses to meet continued competency requirements.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Femoral Cartilage in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Harkey Matthew S. , Blackburn J. Troy , Nissman Daniel , Davis Hope , Durrington Isaac , Rizk Christina , Kuismanen Alexa , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: January 2019

Context
Developing osteoarthritis is common after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Monitoring changes in femoral cartilage size after ACLR may be a way to detect the earliest structural alterations before the radiographic onset of osteoarthritis. Diagnostic ultrasonography (US) offers a clinically accessible and valid method for evaluating anterior femoral cartilage size.

Objective
To compare the US measurements of anterior femoral cross-sectional area and cartilage thickness between limbs in individuals with a unilateral ACLR and between the ACLR limbs of these individuals and the limbs of uninjured control participants.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 20 volunteers with an ACLR (37.0 ± 26.6 months after surgery) and 28 uninjured volunteers.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We used US to assess anterior femoral cartilage cross-sectional area and thickness (ie, medial, lateral, and intercondylar) in the ACLR and contralateral limbs of participants with ACLR and unilaterally in the reference limbs of uninjured participants.

Results
The ACLR limb presented with greater anterior femoral cartilage cross-sectional area (96.68 ± 22.68 mm2) than both the contralateral (85.69 ± 17.57 mm2, t19 = 4.47; P &lt; .001) and uninjured (84.62 ± 15.89 mm2, t46 = 2.17; P = .04) limbs. The ACLR limb presented with greater medial condyle thickness (2.61 ± 0.61 mm) than both the contralateral (2.36 ± 0.47 mm, t19 = 2.78; P = .01) and uninjured limbs (2.22 ± 0.40 mm, t46 = 2.69; P = .01) and greater lateral condyle thickness (2.46 ± 0.65 mm) than the uninjured limb (2.12 ± 0.41 mm, t46 = 2.20; P = .03).

Conclusions
Anterior femoral cartilage cross-sectional area and thickness assessed via US were greater in the ACLR limb than in the contralateral and uninjured limbs. Greater thickness and cross-sectional area may have been due to cartilage swelling or hypertrophy after ACLR, which may affect the long-term health of the joint.
Models of Representations and Langlands Functoriality
Authors: Mitra Arnab , Sayag Eitan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article we explore the interplay between two generalizations of the Whittaker model, namely the Klyachko models and the degenerate Whittaker models, and two functorial constructions, namely base change and automorphic induction, for the class of unitarizable and ladder representations of the general linear groups.
Using reference radiosondes to characterise NWP model uncertainty for improved satellite calibration and validation
Authors: Carminati Fabien , Migliorini Stefano , Ingleby Bruce , Bell William , Lawrence Heather , Newman Stuart , Hocking James , Smith Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The characterisation of errors and uncertainties in numerical
weather prediction (NWP) model fields is a major challenge that is addressed
as part of the Horizon 2020 Gap Analysis for Integrated Atmospheric ECV
CLImate Monitoring (GAIA-CLIM) project. In that regard, observations from the
GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN)
radiosondes are being used at the Met Office and European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to assess errors and uncertainties
associated with model data. The software introduced in this study and referred to as the GRUAN processor
has been developed to collocate GRUAN radiosonde profiles and NWP model
fields, simulate top-of-atmosphere brightness temperature at frequencies
used by space-borne instruments, and propagate GRUAN uncertainties in that
simulation. A mathematical framework used to estimate and assess the
uncertainty budget of the comparison of simulated brightness temperature is
also proposed. A total of 1 year of GRUAN radiosondes and matching NWP fields from the Met Office and
ECMWF have been processed and analysed for the purposes of demonstration of
capability. We present preliminary results confirming the presence of known
biases in the temperature and humidity profiles of both NWP centres. The
night-time difference between GRUAN and Met Office (ECMWF) simulated
brightness temperature at microwave frequencies predominantly sensitive to
temperature is on average smaller than 0.1 K (0.4 K). Similarly, this
difference is on average smaller than 0.5 K (0.4 K) at microwave
frequencies predominantly sensitive to humidity. The uncertainty estimated for the Met Office–GRUAN difference ranges from
0.08 to 0.13 K for temperature-sensitive frequencies and from 1.6 to 2.5 K
for humidity-sensitive frequencies. From the analysed sampling, 90 % of
the comparisons are found to be in statistical agreement. This initial study has the potential to be extended to a larger collection
of GRUAN profiles, covering multiple sites and years, with the aim of
providing a robust estimation of both errors and uncertainties of NWP model
fields in radiance space for a selection of key microwave and infrared
frequencies.
The effect of univariate bias adjustment on multivariate hazard estimates
Authors: Zscheischler Jakob , Fischer Erich M. , Lange Stefan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Bias adjustment is often a necessity in estimating climate
impacts because impact models usually rely on unbiased climate information, a requirement
that climate model outputs rarely fulfil. Most currently used statistical bias-adjustment methods
adjust each climate variable separately, even though impacts usually depend on multiple
potentially dependent variables. Human heat stress, for instance, depends on temperature
and relative humidity, two variables that are often strongly correlated. Whether
univariate bias-adjustment methods effectively improve estimates of impacts that depend
on multiple drivers is largely unknown, and the lack of long-term impact data prevents a
direct comparison between model outputs and observations for many climate-related
impacts. Here we use two hazard indicators, heat stress and a simple fire risk indicator,
as proxies for more sophisticated impact models. We show that univariate bias-adjustment
methods such as univariate quantile mapping often cannot effectively reduce biases in
multivariate hazard estimates. In some cases, it even increases biases. These cases
typically occur (i) when hazards depend equally strongly on more than one climatic
driver, (ii) when models exhibit biases in the dependence structure of drivers and
(iii) when univariate biases are relatively small. Using a perfect model approach, we
further quantify the uncertainty in bias-adjusted hazard indicators due to internal
variability and show how imperfect bias adjustment can amplify this uncertainty. Both
issues can be addressed successfully with a statistical bias adjustment that corrects the
multivariate dependence structure in addition to the marginal distributions of the
climate drivers. Our results suggest that currently many modeled climate impacts are
associated with uncertainties related to the choice of bias adjustment. We conclude that
in cases where impacts depend on multiple dependent climate variables these uncertainties
can be reduced using statistical bias-adjustment approaches that correct the variables'
multivariate dependence structure.
Global vegetation variability and its response to elevated CO2, global warming, and climate variability – a study using the offline SSiB4/TRIFFID model and satellite data
Authors: Liu Ye , Xue Yongkang , MacDonald Glen , Cox Peter , Zhang Zhengqiu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The climate regime shift during the 1980s had a
substantial impact on the terrestrial ecosystems and vegetation at different
scales. However, the mechanisms driving vegetation changes, before and after
the shift, remain unclear. In this study, we used a biophysical dynamic
vegetation model to estimate large-scale trends in terms of carbon fixation,
vegetation growth, and expansion during the period 1958–2007, and to
attribute these changes to environmental drivers including elevated
atmospheric CO2 concentration (hereafter eCO2), global warming,
and climate variability (hereafter CV). Simulated leaf area index (LAI) and
gross primary production (GPP) were evaluated against observation-based data.
Significant spatial correlations are found (correlations > 0.87),
along with regionally varying temporal correlations of 0.34–0.80 for LAI and
0.45–0.83 for GPP. More than 40 % of the global land area shows
significant positive (increase) or negative (decrease) trends in LAI and GPP
during 1958–2007. Regions over the globe show different characteristics in terms
of ecosystem trends before and after the 1980s. While 11.7 % and 19.3 %
of land have had consistently positive LAI and GPP trends, respectively,
since 1958, 17.1 % and 20.1 % of land saw LAI and GPP trends, respectively,
reverse during the 1980s. Vegetation fraction cover (FRAC) trends,
representing vegetation expansion and/or shrinking, are found at the edges of
semi-arid areas and polar areas. Environmental drivers affect the change in
ecosystem trend over different regions. Overall, eCO2 consistently
contributes to positive LAI and GPP trends in the tropics. Global warming
mostly affects LAI, with positive effects in high latitudes and negative
effects in subtropical semi-arid areas. CV is found to dominate the
variability of FRAC, LAI, and GPP in the semi-humid and semi-arid areas. The
eCO2 and global warming effects increased after the 1980s, while the CV
effect reversed during the 1980s. In addition, plant competition is shown to
have played an important role in determining which driver dominated the
regional trends. This paper presents new insight into ecosystem
variability and changes in the varying climate since the 1950s.
Storage dynamics, hydrological connectivity and flux ages in a karst catchment: conceptual modelling using stable isotopes
Authors: Zhang Zhicai , Chen Xi , Cheng Qinbo , Soulsby Chris 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We developed a new tracer-aided hydrological model that disaggregates cockpit
karst terrain into the two dominant landscape units of hillslopes and
depressions (with fast and slow flow systems). The new model was calibrated
by using high temporal resolution hydrometric and isotope data in the outflow
of Chenqi catchment in Guizhou Province of south-western China. The model
could track hourly water and isotope fluxes through each landscape unit and
estimate the associated storage and water age dynamics. From the model
results we inferred that the fast flow reservoir in the depression had the
smallest water storage and the slow flow reservoir the largest, with the
hillslope intermediate. The estimated mean ages of water draining the
hillslope unit, and the fast and slow flow reservoirs during the study
period, were 137, 326 and 493 days, respectively. Distinct seasonal
variability in hydroclimatic conditions and associated water storage dynamics
(captured by the model) were the main drivers of non-stationary hydrological
connectivity between the hillslope and depression. During the dry season,
slow flow in the depression contributes the largest proportion (78.4 %)
of flow to the underground stream draining the catchment, resulting in weak
hydrological connectivity between the hillslope and depression. During the
wet period, with the resulting rapid increase in storage, the hillslope unit
contributes the largest proportion (57.5 %) of flow to the underground
stream due to the strong hydrological connectivity between the hillslope and
depression. Meanwhile, the tracer-aided model can be used to identify the
sources of uncertainty in the model results. Our analysis showed that the
model uncertainty of the hydrological variables in the different units relies
on their connectivity with the outlet when the calibration target uses only
the outlet information. The model uncertainty was much lower for the
“newer” water from the fast flow system in the depression and flow from the
hillslope unit during the wet season and higher for “older” water from the
slow flow system in the depression. This suggests that to constrain model
parameters further, increased high-resolution hydrometric and tracer data on
the internal dynamics of systems (e.g. groundwater responses during low flow
periods) could be used in calibration.
Positive Effects of Workplace Meditation Training and Practice
Authors: Karimi Leila , Kent Stephen P , Leggat Sandra G. , Rada Jiri , Angleton Alison 
Published: January 2019

There is evidence that meditation is a powerful organisational tool for enhancing employee effectiveness, wellbeing, and job satisfaction; however, experimental studies on the effects of meditation on other organisational factors such as presenteeism and emotional intelligence are limited. This study investigated the impact of meditation on mindfulness, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and job stress-related presenteeism in an Australian workplace. Participants learned and practised an &#39;Auto Transcending Meditation Technique&rsquo; (ATMT) at their workplace. The study used the switching replications experimental design, comparing an intervention group with a control group. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics and repeated measures to compare the mean pre-post intervention differences. Thematic analysis was completed on qualitative data gathered in focus groups and from the training evaluation. As a consequence of ATMT, participants showed significant improvements in their levels of mindfulness and emotional intelligence. Thematic analysis indicated that participants felt the meditation training and practice led to positive personal changes. In addition, the results showed that higher mindfulness buffers the effect of stress-related presenteeism on participants&rsquo; mental and physical health. Our results demonstrate that meditation training and practice enhances mindfulness and emotional intelligence, with benefits for employees&rsquo; physical and mental health.&nbsp; Workplace meditation should be considered in health promoting work settings.
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Actualiteiten ‘afgeleide schade’
Authors: Oostwouder W.J. 
Published: January 2019

Actualiteiten ‘afgeleide schade’. What’s in a name?
Al meer dan twintig jaar is het Poot/ABP-arrest het standaardarrest op het gebied van afgeleide schade. Op 29 september en 12 oktober 2018 wees de Hoge Raad twee arresten, het Potplantenkwekerij-arrest en het Licorne Holding-arrest, die op het eerste gezicht niet te rijmen zijn met het Poot/ABP-arrest. Dit artikel geeft antwoord op de volgende vraag. Is hier sprake van een trendbreuk of kunnen deze arresten bij hantering van het juiste afgeleide-schadebegrip gebracht worden onder de categorieën gevallen waarvan Kroeze al in zijn dissertatie uit 2004 aangaf dat daarbij schade die (aanvankelijk) op afgeleide wijze is geleden, rechtstreeks aan de aandeelhouder kan worden vergoed?