bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building community to advance women in the geosciences through the Earth Science Women’s Network
Authors: Barnes Rebecca T. , Marín-Spiotta Erika , Morris Aisha R. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Informal networks play a critical role in advancing careers by providing peer support. This is particularly important in fields where women are grossly underrepresented, because peer networks can reduce feelings of isolation and provide access to information and opportunities for professional development. The power of networks lies in their ability to mobilize people and information for educational and institutional change. Here we highlight the example of the Earth Science Women’s Network (ESWN), which grew from a group of six female graduate students and postdocs to a non-profit organization with more than 3,000 members worldwide in 15 years. ESWN’s activities support women at all career stages and include a program for undergraduate students. Today, ESWN is partnering with larger professional societies to improve work climate conditions and shape a more inclusive society, particularly in light of incidences of sexual harassment. We describe the evolution of ESWN in response to membership needs and as a model for online and in-person community building. The ESWN community supports peer mentoring that builds upon personal connections to catalyze cultural and institutional change for the advancement and promotion of women in the geosciences.
Revised time-distance diagram for the Lake Michigan Lobe, Michigan Subepisode, Wisconsin Episode, Illinois, USA
Authors: Curry B. Brandon , Lowell Thomas V. , Wang Hong , Anderson Andrew C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Based on the interpretation of 893 finite radiocarbon ages, we have revised the time-distance diagram for the Lake Michigan Lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet in Illinois. The data set contains 507 reliable ages determined using standard benzene synthesis–liquid scintillation, including “legacy” ages determined in the 1950s and 1960s at the inception of the radiometric radiocarbon dating method. In addition, the data set includes 278 radiocarbon ages determined by accelerator mass spectrometry. We analyzed the data set based on context, precision, and accuracy to vet minimum or maximum age estimates of diachronic phases.
The last glaciation in Illinois is marked by a local maximum margin in northeastern Illinois during the Marengo Phase (modal probability 28,000 cal [calibrated] yr B.P.), and subsequent glacial maximum culminating during the Shelby Phase (24,200 cal yr B.P.). From about that point, the Lake Michigan Lobe entered an overall retreat mode, with significant advances at ~22,200 and 21,100 cal yr B.P. (the Marseilles and Minooka Subphases of the Livingston Phase) and at 20,500 cal yr B.P. (Woodstock Phase). The latter age is also the conservative estimate of the onset of the lacustrine Milwaukee Phase, with referent deposits located as far north as Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This phase ended as the Lake Michigan Lobe made its final advance into Illinois during the Crown Point Phase (18,490 to ca. 16,500 cal yr B.P.), interfingering with the proglacial lacustrine Glenwood Phase deposits (16,900–15,000 cal yr B.P.).
Glaciotectonic deformation along the Valparaiso Upland in southwest Michigan
Authors: Bird Brian C. , Kehew Alan E. , Kozlowski Andrew L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Glaciotectonic deformation of glacigenic deposits in southwestern Michigan is described and analyzed to determine the source of stress of these strained sediments, which manifests as overturned folds and other deformation similar to shallow crustal décollements. The succession is exposed in 11 aggregate mining operations along the Valparaiso Upland, in portions of Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan Counties in southwest Michigan. Observed deformation includes a complex array of folds, faults, and thrust features as much as 5 m below the surface exposure of the pit face, consistent with horizontal compressional stresses that were generally aligned with ice flow. Fabric measurement of elongated clasts in the surficial till indicates ice flow from northwest to southeast across the area and parallel to drumlins in the area. Stratigraphically, the area is dominated by fine, lacustrine deposits with coarse sand and gravel capped by the Saugatuck Till during the last glaciation. Sediment grain size, pore-water pressure fluctuations, and topographic relief are interpreted to be responsible for the deformation observed as the Lake Michigan Lobe overrode a proglacial lake basin, including fans and deltas, as it advanced eastward to the Kalamazoo moraine. The fine texture and fabric of the lacustrine sediment package restricted the flow of subglacial water and caused abrupt local increases of pore-water pressure and concomitant coupling and decoupling of the bed-substrate interface. Advancing ice deformed sediments in two stages: (1) proglacially along a décollement at the ice margin, and then (2) subglacially as ice overrode the sediments.
Facies architecture, detrital provenance, and tectonic modulation of sedimentation in the Shikoku Basin: Inputs to the Nankai Trough subduction zone
Authors: Underwood Michael B. , Pickering Kevin T. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The Shikoku Basin is a back-arc basin located offshore southwest Japan. Sediments within the basin make up a key part of the subduction inputs to the Nankai Trough. A 19 m.y. history of sedimentation has been documented at Sites C0011 and C0012 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Kumano transect) and Sites 1173 and 1177 of the Ocean Drilling Program (Muroto and Ashizuri transects, respectively). This paper focuses on three noteworthy aspects of that history: (1) the onset of substantial pyroclastic influx, which shifted significantly along the strike length of the margin, from 3.3–3.9 Ma at Sites 1177 and 1173 to 7.6–7.8 Ma at Sites C0011 and C0012; (2) transport of sand by sediment gravity flows, which resulted in three discrete sand bodies during the Miocene (Kyushu, Daiichi Zenisu, and Daini Zenisu submarine fans); and (3) clay mineral assemblages within hemipelagic mudstones, which show systematic reduction of 3 wt% detrital smectite per 1 m.y. decrease in age. Collectively, these temporal and spatial adjustments of lithofacies and sediment composition have important implications for downdip and along-strike projections of frictional, geotechnical, and hydrogeological properties as strata enter the Nankai subduction zone. The stratigraphic positions of smectite-rich Miocene mudstones, for example, should match up with increases in the volume of fluid production by clay dehydration during subduction. The higher-permeability sand bodies (Kyushu and Zenisu submarine fans) should act as preferred conduits for focused fluid flow. The potential for buildup of fluid overpressures should increase above and laterally adjacent to stratigraphic pinch-outs of sand bodies, especially where the aquifers are inclined or confined between basement highs. These three-dimensional complexities set the Nankai-Shikoku system apart from other subduction zones (e.g., Japan Trench, Costa Rica) where inputs consist of comparatively homogeneous pelagic and hemipelagic deposits.
Upper-plate tectonic hysteresis and segmentation of the rupture area during seismogenesis in subduction zones—A case study of the Nankai Trough
Authors: Kimura Gaku , Yamaguchi Asuka , Masataka Masatakaw 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Understanding the factors controlling earthquake rupture areas in subduction zones is a fundamental question in geodynamic research. In the Nankai Trough, Japan, three major controlling factors have been proposed so far: surface roughness, such as seamounts, on the subducting Philippine Sea plate, a locally dense and rigid upper plate, and stable or unstable frictional properties of the plate-boundary megathrust with abnormal pore-fluid pressure. The most prominent rupture segment boundary in the Nankai Trough is located off the Kii Peninsula. When the rupture starts and propagates beyond this boundary, the entire megathrust breaks, as in the 1707 Hoei earthquake. When the rupture does not propagate beyond this portion, the rupture area is segmented, as in the 1854 Ansei, 1944 Tonankai, and 1946 Nankai earthquakes. In this case, the boundary works as a barrier. The asperity or barrier depends on the frictional behavior along the megathrust in this area. Thick and dense plutonic rocks are the main component of the upper plate of the Kii Peninsula. Magmatic activity associated with the proto–Izu-Bonin arc collision is speculated to have occurred in the middle Miocene. Thus, we propose that the long-term tectonic hysteresis of the upper plate is the main factor controlling the rupture area segmentation in the Nankai Trough.
Initiation of tectonic mélange formation associated with the smectite-illite transition at 2–4 km depth in a subduction zone: Hota accretionary complex, central Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Yuzuru , Kameda Jun , Fukuyama Mayuko , Yamaguchi Haruka 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Deformation in a subduction zone and the related transition from smectite to illite within the aseismic-seismic transition zone (2–4 km below the seafloor) were analyzed by studying an onland accretionary complex that was previously buried to a depth of just 2–4 km. The early to middle Miocene Hota accretionary complex of central Japan is an excellent example of an accretionary complex that records shallow underthrusting at the updip end of the seismogenic zone. Two types of subduction-related deformation are preserved in the complex: phacoidal deformation (D1) characterized by rhombus-shaped fragments of mudstone with a random fabric and a thin rim of clay minerals with a preferred orientation, similar to the deformation features of the primary décollement zone at the toe of modern accretionary prisms (as revealed by ocean drilling); and block-in-matrix deformation (D2) characterized by an asymmetric S-C foliation with shear bands and an intense shape-preferred orientation of clay minerals, similar to the deformation features of tectonic mélange in ancient, mature décollement zones. D2 is marked by a large reduction in the amount of smectite and a corresponding increase in illite. During D2, the shear zone increased in strength due to the disappearance of weak smectite, which has a low friction coefficient, and due to an increase in the cohesion of sediments associated with a reduction in porosity and the development of a preferred orientation of clay minerals. Such strain hardening represents a fundamental mechanical/chemical change in the properties of sediments immediately before entering the seismogenic zone.
Thermal fluid migration in the Kumano forearc basin, Nankai Trough, estimated via vitrinite reflectance measurement
Authors: Kawabata Kuniyo , Sakguchi Arito , Hamada Yohei , Tsuji Takeshi , Kitamura Yujin , Saito Saneatsu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This study examined the thermal history of the Kumano forearc basin, as well as slope basin sediments and the accretionary prism, in the Nankai Trough, offshore Japan, using vitrinite reflectance measurements of sediments collected from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites C0004, C0007, and C0009. We detected a paleothermal anomaly in the Kumano forearc basin at Site C0009 that has a 200-m-wide peak with a maximum temperature of 79 °C, ranging from 1000 to 1200 m below seafloor (mbsf). We concluded that thermal fluid is passing through the peak zone based on a curvilinear paleotemperature structure with a wide peak zone. Estimation of reflectance increase through vitrinite reaction promotion suggests that 80–100 °C thermal fluid had passed within at least 100 k.y., thus causing the anomaly. The thermal fluid upwelling could relate to thrusts and ancient splay fault activity near Site C0009. The thermal anomaly zone in the Kumano forearc basin at Site C0009 coincides with the currently active fluid conduit zone imaged on reflection seismic profiles. These results indicate that massive fluid circulation occurs spatially and temporally through thrusts in the subduction zone.
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious adverse events: nationwide register based cohort study
Authors: Ueda Peter , Svanström Henrik , Melbye Mads , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Pasternak Björn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
To assess the association between the use of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and seven serious adverse events of current concern.

Design
Register based cohort study.

Setting
Sweden and Denmark from July 2013 to December 2016.

Participants
A propensity score matched cohort of 17 213 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, 61%; empagliflozin, 38%; canagliflozin, 1%) and 17 213 new users of the active comparator, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcomes were lower limb amputation, bone fracture, diabetic ketoacidosis, acute kidney injury, serious urinary tract infection, venous thromboembolism, and acute pancreatitis, as identified from hospital records. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Use of SGLT2 inhibitors, as compared with GLP1 receptor agonists, was associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputation (incidence rate 2.7
v
1.1 events per 1000 person years, hazard ratio 2.32, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 3.91) and diabetic ketoacidosis (1.3
v
0.6, 2.14, 1.01 to 4.52) but not with bone fracture (15.4
v
13.9, 1.11, 0.93 to 1.33), acute kidney injury (2.3
v
3.2, 0.69, 0.45 to 1.05), serious urinary tract infection (5.4
v
6.0, 0.89, 0.67 to 1.19), venous thromboembolism (4.2
v
4.1, 0.99, 0.71 to 1.38) or acute pancreatitis (1.3
v
1.2, 1.16, 0.64 to 2.12).

Conclusions
In this analysis of nationwide registers from two countries, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, as compared with GLP1 receptor agonists, was associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputation and diabetic ketoacidosis, but not with other serious adverse events of current concern.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people in primary care and its association with hospital admission: longitudinal study
Authors: Pérez Teresa , Moriarty Frank , Wallace Emma , McDowell Ronald , Redmond Patrick , Fahey Tom 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether hospital admission is associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing among older primary care patients (aged ≥65 years) and whether such prescribing was more likely after hospital admission than before.

Design
Longitudinal study of retrospectively extracted data from general practice records.

Setting
44 general practices in Ireland in 2012-15.

Participants
Adults aged 65 years or over attending participating practices.

Exposure
Admission to hospital (any hospital admission versus none, and post-admission versus pre-admission).

Main outcome measures
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing assessed using 45 criteria from the Screening Tool for Older Persons’ Prescription (STOPP) version 2, analysed both as rate of distinct potentially inappropriate prescribing criteria met (stratified Cox regression) and binary presence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (logistic regression) and adjusted for patients’ characteristics. A sensitivity analysis used matching with propensity scores based on patients’ characteristics and diagnoses.

Results
Overall 38 229 patients were included, and during 2012 the mean age was 76.8 (SD 8.2) years and 43% (13 212) were male. Each year, 10.4-15.0% (3015/29 077 in 2015 to 4537/30 231 in 2014) of patients had at least one hospital admission. The overall prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing ranged from 45.3% (13 940/30 789) of patients in 2012 to 51.0% (14 823/29 077) in 2015. Independently of age, sex, number of prescription items, comorbidity, and health cover, hospital admission was associated with a higher rate of distinct potentially inappropriate prescribing criteria met; the adjusted hazard ratio for hospital admission was 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.28). Among participants who were admitted to hospital, the likelihood of potentially inappropriate prescribing after admission was higher than before admission, independent of patients’ characteristics; the adjusted odds ratio for after hospital admission was 1.72 (1.63 to 1.84). Analysis of propensity score matched pairs showed a slight reduction in the hazard ratio for hospital admission to 1.22 (1.18 to 1.25).

Conclusion
Hospital admission was independently associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing. It is important to determine how hospital admission may affect appropriateness of prescribing for older people and how potential adverse consequences of admission can be minimised.
View from the top: a thematic analysis of interviews with top healthcare leaders in the UK about leadership and how UK GPs should prepare for it
Authors: Wilkie Veronica , Mohanna Kay 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionLeadership is often quoted as being a solution to future work force problems . This study looks at the views of leaders within the NHS to find out what they think should be done, how and when for GPs in training.MethodsA series of interviews were carried out with senior leaders within the NHS, within primary care, NHS England and Health Education England. All the participants were involved in primary care either assenior general practitioners, senior educators, or clinical and non clinical managers. The interviews were face to face or via a telephone and recorded before being transcribed and analysed. The interviews were carried out until no new information was forthcoming.ResultsAll of the participants agreed that leadership was necessary. Non clinicians tended to think that the training was best done once a GP had arrived at a senior leadership position, clinicians tended to think leadership training should happen from the start of the career. The competences identified fitted within those originally identified from the Medical Leadership Competency Framework.DiscussionLeadership training is still regarded as important and overall the senior leaders recognised the need for personal qualities, the ability to lead and work in teams, how to manage and improve services and how to set direction for change. The difficulties of organizing this and how to fit this in with the needs of service delivery and current curriculum was highlighted.
The first-principles calculation on electronic transport properties of Al2N2clusters
Authors: Liu Wenhua , Hu Wei , Liang Yan , Zhou Qinghua , He Kerong , Wan Haiqing 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we have studied the electronic transport behavior of the system formed by the Al2N2cluster and the Al(100)-3 × 3 electrodes by using the first principle based on nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). The total energies and the equilibrium conductances of the system are calculated at different distances between the clusters and the electrodes, and the results show that the equilibrium conductance is 0.1335 G0and the total energy is the lowest at d = 2.8 Å (d means the distance between the Al2N2cluster and the electrodes). When d increases, the equilibrium conductance decreases. In the bias voltage range of [−1 V, 1 V], the system has the electrical characteristics similar to the metal when the d is 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2 and 3.5 Å.
Functional and anatomical relationships between the medial precentral cortex, dorsal striatum, and head direction cell circuitry. II. Neuroanatomical studies
Authors: Mehlman Max L. , Winter Shawn S. , Taube Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2018

An animal’s directional heading within its environment is encoded by the activity of head direction (HD) cells. In rodents, these neurons are found primarily within the limbic system in the interconnected structures that form the limbic HD circuit. In our accompanying report in this issue, we describe two HD cell populations located outside of this circuit in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). These extralimbic areas receive their HD signals from the limbic system but do not provide critical input or feedback to limbic HD cells (Mehlman ML, Winter SS, Valerio S, Taube JS. J Neurophysiol 121: 350–370, 2019.). In this report, we complement our previous lesion and recording experiments with a series of neuroanatomical tracing studies in rats designed to examine patterns of connectivity between the PrCM, DS, limbic HD circuit, and related spatial processing circuitry. Retrograde tracing revealed that the DS receives direct input from numerous structures known to contain HD cells and/or other spatially tuned cell types. Importantly, these projections preferentially target and converge within the most medial portion of the DS, the same area in which we previously recorded HD cells. The PrCM receives direct input from a subset of these spatial processing structures. Anterograde tracing identified indirect pathways that could permit the PrCM and DS to convey self-motion information to the limbic HD circuit. These tracing studies reveal the anatomical basis for the functional relationships observed in our lesion and recording experiments. Collectively, these findings expand our understanding of how spatial processing circuitry functionally and anatomically extends beyond the limbic system into the PrCM and DS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Head direction (HD) cells are located primarily within the limbic system, but small populations of extralimbic HD cells are found in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). The neuroanatomical tracing experiments reported here explored the pathways capable of transmitting the HD signal to these extralimbic areas. We found that projections arising from numerous spatial processing structures converge within portions of the PrCM and DS that contain HD cells.
More Is More: Semiannual Breast MRI Screening in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Kuhl Christiane K. , Schrading Simone 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although annual MRI screening has improved early diagnosis of hereditary breast cancer, fast growth rates of BRCA1-associated cancers can still lead to interval cancers and/or node-positive disease. Using MRI with shorter screening intervals helps to effectively avoid both interval cancers and node-positive stages, whereas there is no role for mammography in these women.
See related article by Guindalini et al., p. 1786