bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a large caliber explosively driven shock tube
Authors: Mu Yunfei , Zhang Jun , Yang Mao , Huang Hanjun , Mao Yongjian , Huang Haiying , Zheng Xing 
Published: November 2024

Research on evaluating weapon systems, building structures, and personnel protection has attracted considerable attention due to the high incidence of blast accidents. The explosively driven shock tube is an affordable and replicable method for investigating high pressure blast waves and extreme shock environments. A newly constructed large caliber explosively driven shock tube with an inner diameter of 2.5 m and a length of 18 m has been documented and characterized in this paper. It is capable of providing a peak pressure of at least 5.49 MPa in the test section with 160 kg of TNT charges. The tube can produce an overpressure that is significantly higher than conventional shock tubes, which expands the capability to simulate a high overpressure blast load. A two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation model has been developed, validated, and calibrated for the characterization of the flow field inside the shock tube. The influence of the charge mass on the overpressure, arrival time, and positive impulse was discussed, and the planarity of the shock wave was also quantitatively characterized. To aid in designing further shock experiments and applications, a physics-based prediction model was developed using the dimensional analysis.
Chapter 7. The zero-sum game of beneficence
Authors: Kangas Sara 
Published: November 2024

Critical research by nature is emancipatory, seeking to disrupt existing structures of systems, such as those in K-12 schools, that privilege particular groups while disenfranchising others. With such critical frameworks in research studies, however, competing interests among participants can emerge, exacerbating broader issues of privilege and oppression. Yet, applied linguists in the earliest years of their doctoral studies and careers are left ill-equipped to manage such conflicts and the ethical dilemmas they present. This chapter aims to lessen this oversight in training in two ways. First, the chapter draws upon the experiences that one critical applied linguist encountered in her research in schools. The researcher discovered that attempting to safeguard the well-being of all participants in a study is an untenable endeavor, especially when participants have disparate interests that contend with one another. Drawing upon illustrative examples from her research on multilingual learners with disabilities, the chapter lays bare the ethical dilemmas often present in critical inquiries and yet that do not surface in typical empirical publications. Second, the chapter offers recommendations for doctoral students and early-career applied linguists to consider as they conduct critical studies in schools with minoritized student groups.
Chapter 18. Research ethics and decisions
Authors: Sterling Scott 
Published: November 2024

Within academia, we often compartmentalizes our work into research, service, and teaching. This creates an illusion of separation, neglecting the interconnectedness of these activities. A typical day involves a blend of tasks — meetings, mentoring, teaching, emails — sometimes leaving limited time for research, the very activity that often defines our scholarly value. Thus a conundrum exists: How can we excel in research if its time allotment is constantly squeezed by other necessary duties? Further complicating matters, these pressures can push scholars towards ethically questionable research practices (QRPs) with far-ranging outcomes. This chapter explores this very issue by discussing two non-research projects, one in community engagement and another in science communication. Both projects aligned with my scholarly role, yet presented unforeseen ethical dilemmas. While not being ‘research’ in the traditional sense, both projects had an impact on my ability to ethically conduct research. By discussing the challenges that arose during these projects, the chapter highlights the importance of understanding research decision making and how decisions made in one sphere of our academic lives can impact others.
How far are the horizons of descriptive linguistics?
Authors: Chevillard Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2024

European missionaries engaged in the linguistic description of 16th–18th c. Tamil Nadu discussed
two possible attitudes. Proença (1625–1666), who wrote in Portuguese, thought that the most important task was to
concentrate on what is useful pera a pratica “for practical purposes” and wanted to master ordinary
language, both (A) in its colloquial forms — including substandard and dialectal variants — and (B) in its more
standardized form. Beschi (1680–1747), who wrote in Latin, thought he could become influential by mastering (C)
Centamiḻ, the poetic “more elegant” dialect, cultivated for many centuries by traditional
grammarians and poets of Tamil Nadu. This article evokes the strategies of Proença, Beschi and others, who navigated
the components of Tamil “triglossia”, in which both (A) and (C) can coexist with (B), but not simultaneously. Either
(C) is ignored, being considered as “useless for practical purposes”, or (A) is shunned, being considered as
“barbaric”.
Features in the electron elastic scattering cross sections of atoms Sb, Xe and Bi, Rn
Authors: Kelemen V I , Remeta E Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor atoms having pairwise similar electronic configurations,Sb([Cd]5p3),Xe([Cd]5p6) andBi([Hg]6p3),Rn([Hg]6p6), features in the energy dependences of integral (ICSs) and differential (DCSs) cross sections of electron elastic scattering are considered theoretically. The positions of the Ramsauer–Townsend minimum (RT) and the low-energy maxima in the ICSs are calculated. The minima in the DCSs have been studied within the collision energy range from 0.1 (Sb, Xe, Bi) and 0.5 (Rn) eV up to 1000 (Sb), 2000 (Xe), 3000 (Bi) and 4000 (Rn) eV. The phase shifts, scattering amplitudes and cross sections have been calculated in the relativistic complex optical potential (OP) approximation. The results of the above OP calculation agree well with the experimental and the theoretical data. The energy dependences of the angular positions of the DCSs minima of these atoms are considered in detail. The energy and the angular positions of 15 (Sb), 17 (XeandBi) and 18 (Rn) critical minima (CM) in the DCSs have been found. The highest energy CM are located at:Sb– [727.6 eV; 131.89°],Xe– [791.4 eV; 133.16°],Bi– [1810.8 eV; 137.34°],Rn– [1918.8 eV; 137.64°]. A high-angle CM are located at:Sb– [233.6 eV; 151.08°],Xe– [256.5 eV; 151.05°],Bi– [180.3 eV; 157.30°],Rn– [204.0 eV; 155.36°].
Description of excitonic absorption using the Sommerfeld enhancement factor and band-fluctuations
Authors: Lizárraga K , Serquen E , Llontop P , Enrique L A , Piñeiro M , Perez E , Tejada A , Ruske F , Korte L , Guerra J A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the challenges of excitonic materials is the accurate determination of the exciton binding energy and bandgap from optical measurements. The difficulty arises from the overlap of the discrete and continuous excitonic absorption at the band edge. Many researches have modeled the shape of the absorption edge of such materials on the seminal formulation proposed by Elliott in 1957 (Phys. Rev.
108 1384–9) and its several modifications such as non-parabolic bands, magnetic potentials and electron–hole-polaron interactions. However, exciton binding energies obtained from optical absorption often vary strongly depending on the chosen ‘Elliott formula’. Here, we propose an alternative and rather simple approach, which has previously been successful in the determination of the optical bandgap of amorphous, direct and indirect semiconductors, based on the band-fluctuations (BFs) model. In this model, the fluctuations due to disorder, temperature or lattice vibrations give rise to the well known exponential shape of band tail states. The formulation results in an analytic equation for the fundamental absorption with 6 parameters only. To test it, the binding energy and optical bandgap of GaAs and the family of tri-halide perovskites (

MAPbX

3

),

X
=
Br
,
I
,
Cl

, over a wide range of temperatures, are obtained by fitting the modified Elliott model. The results for the bandgap, linewidth and exciton binding energy are in good agreement with reports based on non-optical measurements. Moreover, due to the polar nature of perovskites, the retrieved binding energies can be compared with those computed with a model proposed by Kane (1978 Phys. Rev. B 18 6849). In the latter model, the exciton is surrounded by a cloud of virtual phonons interacting via the Frölich interaction. As a consequence, the upper bound for the binding energy of the exciton-polaron system can be estimated. These results are in good agreement with the optical parameters obtained with the proposed Elliott equation including BFs.
Impact of Cr doping on Hall resistivity and magnetic anisotropy in SrRuO3 thin films
Authors: Kesarwani Pooja , Khetan Santosh K , Ojha B , Choudhary R J , Reddy V R , Bedanta Subhankar , Anil Kumar P S , Sow Chanchal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hall effects, including anomalous and topological types, in correlated ferromagnetic oxides provide an intriguing framework to investigate emergent phenomena arising from the interaction between spin–orbit coupling and magnetic fields. SrRuO3 is a widely studied itinerant ferromagnetic system with intriguing electronic and magnetic characteristics. The electronic transport of SrRuO3 is highly susceptible to the defects (O/Ru vacancy, chemical doping, ion implantation), and interfacial strain. In this regard, we investigate the impact of Cr doping on the magnetic anisotropy and the Hall effect in SrRuO3 thin films. The work encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of Cr-doped SrRuO3 films grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals a sharp and coherent interface between the layers. Notably, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is preserved in doped films with thicknesses up to 113 nm. The resistivity exhibits a T
2 dependence below the Curie temperature, reflecting the influence of disorder and correlation-induced localization effects. Interestingly, in contrast to the undoped parent compound SrRuO3, an anomaly in the Hall signal has been observed up to a large thickness (56 nm) attributed to the random Cr doping and Ru vacancy. Based on our measurements, a field-temperature (H − T) phase diagram of anomalous Hall resistivity is constructed.
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy monitoring of the water vapor condensation process in the high-speed flow
Authors: Chao Jianyu , Jin Yi , Zhai Chao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, non-invasive high-precision quantitative measurements of the water vapor condensation process have been carried out using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy at the sub-millisecond level. The high-speed condensation of water vapor is achieved by a self-designed rarefaction wave reflection system. Combined with different sizes of experimental cavities, the condensation process is realized at various time scales of sub-milliseconds (0.2–0.66 ms). The processes of temperature and water vapor content during the high-speed condensation are measured using the water vapor absorption spectra near 7168.437 cm−1 and 7185.597 cm−1. The experimental results show that the hypervelocity expansion flow field generated by the experimental system demonstrates good uniformity and reaches a cooling rate of 105 K·s−1, which has the same order as that of the supersonic nozzle. The condensation process is similar on different sub-millisecond timescales and the normalized temperature change curves are approximately the same. Moreover, the higher the water vapor content, the shorter the condensation time.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings driven by multi-channel data fusion and feature fusion under time-varying speed conditions
Authors: Jiao Zonghao , Zhang Zhongwei , Li Youjia , Shao Mingyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bearings, as the core component for power transmission, are crucial in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. However, the fault information contained in a single-channel vibration signal is inherently limited. Additionally, under time-varying speed conditions, features are prone to drift, and the cross-domain diagnostic performance of most traditional domain adaptation (DA) models may drop dramatically. To solve the above problems and enhance the ability of DA models in extracting domain invariant features, this paper introduces a Multi-channel data fusion and Attention-guided Multi-feature Fusion-driven Center-aligned Network (MAMC). Initially, a multi-channel time-frequency information fusion strategy based on wavelet transform is constructed to achieve a comprehensive fusion of multi-channel data, thereby obtaining richer fault feature representations. Subsequently, a multi-branch feature fusion network, integrated with an attention mechanism, is devised to capture significant features across various dimensions and scales, resulting in more comprehensive and representative fault features. Finally, a novel Center-Aligned Domain Adaptation method (CADA) is proposed based on domain adversarial methods and center loss. By minimizing the distance between deep domain invariant features and trainable common class centers, the issue of domain shift between data is effectively alleviated, and the cross-domain diagnostic performance of DA models under the time-varying speed conditions is improved. The experimental results indicate that the MAMC method exhibits superior performance on both bearing datasets and is a promising approach for cross-domain intelligent fault diagnosis.
Spatially fractionated radiotherapy with very high energy electron pencil beam scanning
Authors: Fischer Jade , Hart Alexander , Bedriová Nicole , Krim Deae-eddine , Clements Nathan , Bateman Joseph , Korysko Pierre , Farabolini Wilfrid , Rieker Vilde , Corsini Roberto , Dosanjh Manjit , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) for very-high-energy electrons (VHEEs) delivered with pencil beam scanning. Approach. Radiochromic film was irradiated at the CERN linear electron accelerator for research using 194 MeV electrons with a step-and-shoot technique, moving films within a water tank. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs), depths of convergence (PVDR ⩽ 1.1), peak doses, and valley doses assessed SFRT dose distribution quality. A Monte Carlo (MC) model of the pencil beams was developed using TOPAS and applied to a five-beam VHEE SFRT treatment for a canine glioma patient, compared to a clinical 6 MV VMAT plan. The plans were evaluated based on dose-volume histograms, mean dose, and maximum dose to the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risks (OARs). Main results. Experimental PVDR values were maximized at 15.5 ± 0.1 at 12 mm depth for 5 mm spot spacing. A DOC of 76.5, 70.7, and 56.6 mm was found for 5, 4, and 3 mm beamlet spacings, respectively. MC simulations and experiments showed good agreement, with maximum relative dose differences of 2% in percentage depth dose curves and less than 3% in beam profiles. Simulated PVDR values reached 180 ± 4, potentially achievable with reduced leakage dose. VHEE SFRT plans for the canine glioma patient showed a decrease in mean dose (>16%) to OARs while increasing the PTV mean dose by up to 15%. Lowering beam energy enhanced PTV dose homogeneity and reduced OAR maximum doses. Significance. The presented work demonstrates that pencil beam scanning SFRT with VHEEs could treat deep-seated tumors such as head and neck cancer or lung lesions, though small beam size and leakage dose may limit the achievable PVDR.
Amplitude spectrum area is dependent on the electrocardiogram magnitude: evaluation of different normalization approaches
Authors: Silva Luiz E V , Gaudio Hunter A , Widmann Nicholas J , Forti Rodrigo M , Padmanabhan Viveknarayanan , Senthil Kumaran , Slovis Julia C , Mavroudis Constantine D , Lin Yuxi , Shi Lingyun , Baker Wesley B , Morgan Ryan W , Kilbaugh Todd J , Tsui Fuchiang (Rich) , Ko Tiffany S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Amplitude Spectrum Area (AMSA) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform during ventricular fibrillation (VF) has shown promise as a predictor of defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, AMSA relies on the magnitude of the ECG waveform, raising concerns about reproducibility across different settings that may introduce magnitude bias. This study aimed to evaluate different AMSA normalization approaches and their impact on removing bias while preserving predictive value. Approach. ECG were recorded in 118 piglets (1–2 months old) during a model of asphyxia-associated VF cardiac arrest and CPR. An initial subset (91/118) was recorded using one device (Device 1), and the remaining piglets were recorded in the second device (Device 2). Raw AMSA and three ECG magnitude metrics were estimated to assess magnitude-related bias between devices. Five AMSA normalization approaches were assessed for their ability to remove detected bias and to classify defibrillation success. Main results. Device 2 showed significantly lower ECG magnitude and raw AMSA compared to Device 1. CPR-based AMSA normalization approaches mitigated device-associated bias. Raw AMSA normalized by the average AMSA in the 1st minute of CPR (AMSA1m-cpr) exhibited the best sensitivity and specificity for classification of successful and unsuccessful defibrillation. While the optimal AMSA1m-cpr thresholds for balanced sensitivity and specificity were consistent across both devices, the optimal raw AMSA thresholds varied between the two devices. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AMSA1m-cpr did not significantly differ from raw AMSA for both devices (Device 1: 0.74 vs. 0.88, P = 0.14; Device 2: 0.56 vs. 0.59, P = 0.81). Significance. Unlike raw AMSA, AMSA1m-cpr demonstrated consistent results across different devices while maintaining predictive value for defibrillation success. This consistency has important implications for the widespread use of AMSA and the development of future guidelines on optimal AMSA thresholds for successful defibrillation.
An enhanced broadband piezoelectric energy harvester via elastic amplification structure for multidirectional vibration
Authors: Wu Silei , Yu Yiyong , Sun Chao , Liao Weilin , Kan Junwu , Wang Shuyun , Zhang Zhonghua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting using a piezoelectric mechanism has significant potential for powering wireless sensors. However, most current vibration energy harvesters face limitations such as bidirectionality, narrow bandwidth, and high operating frequencies. To address these issues, we propose an enhanced broadband piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing an elastic amplification structure for multidirectional vibration (EB-PVEH). By utilizing the multidirectional rotation capacity of the excitation block and the amplified foundation excitation provided by springs, the EB-PVEH effectively captures broadband vibrations in 2D space under low-frequency excitation. Additionally, its design features long-term durability, as the piezoelectric beams are smoothly excited by the pendulum-induced motion of the block without a tip mass. The practical feasibility and the impact of structural parameters on the output behavior of EB-PVEH were investigated through theoretical analysis and experimental testing. The results revealed that the introduction of springs dynamically amplified the harnessed electrical power output. Moreover, EB-PVEH could harvest the multidirectional vibration, and it exhibited different power-generating characteristics in various directions. Furthermore, the resonance frequency could be efficiently tuned by adjusting the flexible arm length and proof mass, with different optimal arm lengths identified for each vibration direction to maximize working bandwidth. The harvester achieved an optimal output power of 3.98 mW. Practical applications, such as charging a capacitor by driving an e-bike or a bike, demonstrate the potential of the proposed harvester to provide power for micro-electrical devices.
Polydopamine-modified MXene-integrated photothermal responsive hydrogel for constructing rapid photothermal and self-sensing gradient hydrogel actuators
Authors: Sun Caixia , Wang Xinyi , Ma Shaoshuai , Xu Xinhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators have made significant progress. By introducing responsive modules such as photothermal nanoparticles, the hydrogel can respond to environmental changes and construct anisotropic structures, allowing the hydrogel actuators to quickly bend and realize complex shape deformation. However, there remains a need to enhance the mechanical properties of these hydrogels to accommodate multiple deformation actions and different application scenarios, and enhance the compatibility between nanoparticles and the hydrogels to improve the comprehensive performance of materials are still issues that need to be solved. In this study, we modified two-dimensional MXene nanosheets with polydopamine (PDA) to obtain P-MXene, which served as a photothermal agent and can be stably dispersed within the hydrogel system. We copolymerized thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in situ and used a direct current electric field to induce a concentration gradient distribution of P-MXene nanosheets within the hydrogel, resulting in the preparation of anisotropic gradient hydrogel actuators with good stretchability and conductivity. The hydrogel structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and the Fourier transform infrared spectra. The swelling properties, mechanical properties and conductivity of the hydrogel were studied. The actuation behavior of P(NIPAm-DMAEMA)/P-MXene gradient hydrogel actuators under different thickness and electric field intensity was investigated. Additionally, the sensitivity and stability of the conductive hydrogel actuators were tested and the functions of monitoring human health and information transmission were realized. It integrated with rapid photo responsiveness and self-sensing capabilities to monitor the deformation process of the actuators through real-time relative resistance changes during the actuations. This work is expected to expand the application field of soft hydrogel actuators and provide new insights into the design of a new generation of soft robots.
Anomalous influence of electrode width on the critical current of Nb/Au Josephson junctions
Authors: Skryabina O V , Bakurskiy S V , Ruzhickiy V I , Shishkin A , Klenov N V , Soloviev I I , Yu Kupriyanov M , Stolyarov V S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the effect of electrode width on superconducting current transport in Nb–Au–Nb Josephson bridges. The critical current as well as the normal bridge resistance drop with decreasing electrode width on scales of a few

μ

m

, which are orders of magnitude larger than the estimated coherence length of the Au strip. We consider several physical reasons for such an anomalous influence of the width W of the superconducting electrode on the critical current

I

c

(AIWIc) and provide model fits for the resistive and superconducting properties of the bridges. The smooth dependence of the Nb–Au–Nb bridge parameters on the electrode width can be used to optimize the design of superconducting devices for specific applications.