bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave Turbulence
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMain notions and ideas of wave (weak) turbulence theory are explained with the help of Hamiltonian approach to wave dynamics, and are applied to waves in RSW model. Derivation of kinetic equations under random-phase approximation is explained. Short inertia–gravity waves on the f plane, short equatorial inertia–gravity waves, and Rossby waves on the beta plane are then considered along these lines. In all of these cases, approximate solutions of kinetic equation, annihilating the collision integral, can be obtained by scaling arguments, giving power-law energy spectra. The predictions of turbulence of inertia–gravity waves on the f plane are compared with numerical simulations initialised by ensembles of random waves. Energy spectra much steeper than theoretical are observed. Finite-size effects, which prevent energy transfer from large to short scales, provide a plausible explanation. Long waves thus evolve towards breaking and shock formation, yet the number of shocks is insufficient to produce shock turbulence.
Optimal Order of Successive Office Hysteroscopy and Endometrial Biopsy for the Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarkar Papri , Mikhail Emad , Schickler Robyn , Plosker Shayne , Imudia Anthony N. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2017;130:565–572)
In recent years, hysteroscopy has gained popularity as an office-based diagnostic practice for evaluation of women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). It is considered to be the criterion standard for diagnosis of intracavitary pathology. In women with persistent AUB, it has to be supplemented with endometrial biopsy; both procedures are integral and complementary tests in the evaluation of AUB. Their combined use can identify or rule out uterine pathology. To avoid delay in diagnosis and management of AUB, it is logical to perform these procedures at the same office visit.
Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mørch Lina S. , Skovlund Charlotte W. , Hannaford Philip C. , Iversen Lisa , Fielding Shona , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2017;377:2228–2239)
It is estimated that worldwide 13% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years use hormonal contraception. In Denmark, this percentage was 24% in 1995 and increased to 39% by 2012. Use of estrogen promotes the development of breast cancer; the role of progestin is unclear. A large number of studies have reported inconsistent findings of breast cancer risk among women who receive hormonal contraceptives. Whether contemporary hormonal contraception is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer is unknown.
Systematic Review of First-Trimester Ultrasound Screening for Detection of Fetal Structural Anomalies and Factors That Affect Screening Performance
Authors: Karim J. N. , Roberts N. W. , Salomon L. J. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:429–441)
The recent development of cell-free fetal DNA screening for detection of aneuploidy in the first trimester has shifted the expectations of first-trimester ultrasound examination to detection of structural congenital anomalies and fetal nuchal translucency (NT). Although fetal screening typically occurs in the second trimester, many major structural anomalies can be diagnosed reliably between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. Varying sensitivity of first-trimester ultrasound and uncertainty about an optimized protocol for its operation have resulted in little consensus about its use in clinical practice.
The top 100 most-cited articles on osteosarcoma: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Saad , Malik Azeem Tariq , Noordin Shahryar 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Osteosarcoma or “osteogenic sarcoma” is the most common neoplasm of the bone in children and young adults. This research is premised upon a citation analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on osteosarcoma.

Materials and Methods:
This research is dependent upon the use of SCOPUS database. Using the search strategy “osteosarcoma” on this database yielded 12,107 articles. After filtering for relevant articles, the top 100 most-cited articles were retrieved for descriptive and statistical analysis.

Results:
The most-cited paper was “A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma” by Friend and colleagues published in 1986 with 1888 citations. The publication years ranged from 1967 to 2014. The United States was the most productive country in terms of research output, followed by Italy. Institution-wise, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre contributed the most articles. However, the most prolific author was from Italy. Majority of the publications were level IV studies

Conclusions:
Although citation analysis is not entirely flawless, this is a comprehensive list of the top 100 most-cited articles significantly impacting osteosarcoma knowledge and research over time. Future studies need to cater toward maximizing high-quality evidenced articles.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Impact on Surgical Outcomes in Gynecology
Authors: Medlin Erin E. , Rice Laurel W. , Al-Niaimi Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

Importance
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common medical condition in the United States and affects gynecologic surgical outcomes.

Objective
The aim of this review was to improve perioperative diagnosis and management of OSAS in patients presenting for gynecologic surgery and ultimately improve perioperative outcomes. The role of preoperative evaluation and screening is also addressed.

Evidence Acquisition
Medical databases were queried for publications pertaining to OSAS complications, risk factors, screening, and perioperative management. Pertinent articles were reviewed by the study authors.

Results
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is underdiagnosed in the preoperative surgical population. Obesity and other risk factors for OSAS are prevalent in patients with gynecologic issues but are not fully assessed with screening prior to surgery. Effective treatment modalities, such as continuous positive airway pressure, and perioperative management strategies are available to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance
Increased diagnosis and treatment for OSAS in the perioperative period can improve perioperative outcomes, surgical outcomes, and long-term patient outcomes. Strategies to increase effective management in patients presenting for gynecologic surgery are needed.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to (1) list the diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and adverse outcomes associated with OSAS for gynecologic surgery patients; (2) compare available screening tools for OSAS; (3) evaluate effective treatments for OSAS; and (4) assess optimal preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of OSAS in gynecologic patients.
Concepts for the Simulation Community
Authors: Calhoun Aaron William , Nadkarni Vinay , Venegas-Borsellino Carla , White Marjorie Lee , Kurrek Matt 
Published: April 2018

Summary Statement
The past several decades have seen tremendous growth in our understanding of best practices in simulation-based healthcare education. At present, however, there is limited infrastructure available to assist programs in translation of these best practices into more standardized educational approaches, higher quality of care, and ultimately improved outcomes. In 2014, the International Simulation Data Registry (ISDR) was launched to address this important issue. The existence of such a registry has important implications not just for educational practice but also for research. The ISDR currently archives data related to pulseless arrest, malignant hyperthermia, and difficult airway simulations. Case metrics are designed to mirror the American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines Registry, allowing for direct comparisons with clinical scenarios. This article describes the rationale for the ISDR, and outlines its development. Current data are presented to highlight the educational and research value of this approach. Projected future developments are also discussed.
The structural design and technical investigations of data resources sharing system in the field of aero engine
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Zhang Ping 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Nowadays, a large amount of data related to aero engine in various types can be created in a single day and it is very important to well organize and store these data. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper puts forward the problem of data management with the fast development of aero engine and sets the compression system as an example to see the inner relationships of data from the initial design procedure to the final operation and maintenance part. There are five principles, namely digitization, accuracy, normative, integrality and validity, involved in managing the data effectively.

Findings
These data resources arranged according to the five principles can be well organized and better used.

Originality/value
At the end, the top design of aero engine data sharing platform is investigated and five layers including data layer, data access layer, communication layer, business logic layer and application layer are designed and presented to support the platform.
Responses of insect herbivores and their food plants to wind exposure and the importance of predation risk
Authors: Chen Cong , Biere Arjen , Gols Rieta , Halfwerk Wouter , van Oers Kees , Harvey Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Wind is an important abiotic factor that influences an array of biological processes, but it is rarely considered in studies on plant–herbivore interactions.

Here, we tested whether wind exposure could directly or indirectly affect the performance of two insect herbivores, Plutella xylostella and Pieris brassicae, feeding on Brassica nigra plants.

In a greenhouse study using a factorial design, B. nigra plants were exposed to different wind regimes generated by fans before and after caterpillars were introduced on plants in an attempt to separate the effects of direct and indirect wind exposure on herbivores.

Wind exposure delayed flowering, decreased plant height and increased leaf concentrations of amino acids and glucosinolates.

Plant‐mediated effects of wind on herbivores, that is effects of exposure of plants to wind prior to herbivore feeding, were generally small. However, development time of both herbivores was extended and adult body mass of P. xylostella was reduced when they were directly exposed to wind. By contrast, wind‐exposed adult P. brassicae butterflies were significantly larger, revealing a trade‐off between development time and adult size.

Based on these results, we conducted a behavioural experiment to study preference by an avian predator, the great tit (Parus major) for last instar P. brassicae caterpillars on plants that were exposed to either control (no wind) or wind (fan‐exposed) treatments. Tits captured significantly more caterpillars on still than on wind‐exposed plants.

Our results suggest that P. brassicae caterpillars are able to perceive the abiotic environment and to trade off the costs of extended development time against the benefits of increased size depending on the perceived risk of predation mediated by wind exposure. Such adaptive phenotypic plasticity in insects has not yet been described in response to wind exposure.
Self‐recognition of mental health problems in a rural Australian sample
Authors: Handley Tonelle E. , Lewin Terry J. , Perkins David , Kelly Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough mental health literacy has increased in recent years, mental illness is often under‐recognised. There has been little research conducted on mental illness in rural areas; however, this can be most prominent in rural areas due to factors such as greater stigma and stoicism. The aim of this study is to create a profile of those who are most and least likely to self‐identify mental health problems among rural residents with moderate‐ to‐high psychological distress.DesignSecondary analysis of a longitudinal postal survey.SettingRural and remote New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsFour‐hundred‐and‐seventy‐two community residents.Main outcome measureParticipants completed the K10 Psychological Distress Scale, as well as the question ‘In the past 12 months have you experienced any mental health problems?’ The characteristics of those who reported moderate/high distress scores were explored by comparing those who did and did not experience mental health problems recently.ResultsOf the 472 participants, 319 (68%) with moderate/high distress reported a mental health problem. Reporting a mental health problem was higher among those with recent adverse life events or who perceived more stress from life events while lower among those who attributed their symptoms to a physical cause.ConclusionsAmong a rural sample with moderate/high distress, one‐third did not report a mental health problem. Results suggest a threshold effect, whereby mental health problems are more likely to be acknowledged in the context of additional life events. Ongoing public health campaigns are necessary to ensure that symptoms of mental illness are recognised in the multiple forms that they take.
‘Classes of Labour’ at the Margins of Global Commodity Chains in India and China
Authors: Mezzadri Alessandra , Fan Lulu 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis article deploys the concept of ‘classes of labour’ to map and compare non‐factory labour relations in the garment chain across Delhi and Shanghai metropolitan areas. It contributes to commodity studies by unpacking the great complexity of mechanisms of ‘adverse incorporation’ of informal work in global commodity chains and production circuits. Field findings reveal the great social differentiation at work in informalized settings in the two countries, and suggest that while the margins of garment work are characterized by high levels of vulnerability, they may also open up new possibilities for workers to resist or re‐appropriate some degree of control over their labour and reproductive time. While these possibilities depend on regional trajectories, informal labour arrangements do not only result from capital's quest for flexibility. Workers actively participate in shaping their own labour geography, even when exposed to high employment insecurity. The conclusions more broadly discuss the merits of comparative analysis to study labour in global production circuits.
Natural mating disruption in a protogynous bagworm (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
Authors: Rhainds Marc 
Published: April 2018

1. The occurrence of natural mating disruption is investigated in the bagworm Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Neotenic females reproduce within a self‐constructed bag made of silk and plant material, and attract males for copulation by discharging pheromone‐impregnated setae into the lower section of their bag (early life pulsed release). Because pheromone release is, in part, out of the female's control, passive pheromone sources emanating from bags of post‐reproductive (dead) females may compete with live pheromone‐calling females.2. Data collected in a plantation of oil palm during five consecutive generations of bagworms indicate that mating probabilities decline with increasing number of conspecific females per palm, reminiscent of natural mating disruption due to false trail following. Low mating success of late‐emerging females further suggests that protogyny evolved to reduce late‐season mating disruption due to incremental accumulation of passive sources of pheromone over time.3. Natural mating disruption may be linked with life‐history syndromes of female flightlessness in forest habitats: sedentary reproduction of highly fecund females on perennial hosts, combined with restricted dispersal of larval progeny that remain on their maternal host plant and travel short distances while ballooning, may lead to rapid build‐up of local populations beyond levels where mating interference among females is possible.
Ionizing radiation, but not ultraviolet radiation, induces mitotic catastrophe in mouse epidermal keratinocytes with aberrant cell cycle checkpoints
Authors: Wang Ming , Gao QingXiang , Teng Xu , Pan MeiPing , Lin TianMiao , Zhou GuiXuan , Xu BenHua , Yue ZhiCao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UVR) and ionizing radiation (IR) are common genotoxic stresses that damage human skin, although the specific damages to the genomic DNA are different. Here, we show that in the mouse glabrous skin, both UVR and IR induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and condensed cell nuclei. However, only IR induces mitotic catastrophe (MC) in the epidermis. This is because UVR induces a complete blockage of pRB phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, whereas pRB phosphorylation remains positive in a significant portion of the epidermal keratinocytes following IR exposure. Furthermore, Cyclin B1 expression is significantly downregulated only by IR but not UVR. Finally, there are more MC cells in the epidermis of p53‐/‐ mice after IR exposure as compared to wild‐type mice. Our results suggest that although both IR and UVR are genotoxic, they show distinct impacts on the cell cycle machinery and thus damage the epidermal keratinocytes via different mechanisms.
The quality of dying and death measurement instruments: A systematic psychometric review
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez Daniel , Pérez Cruzado David , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify instruments that could assess the quality of dying and death and their psychometric properties. To assess the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties.BackgroundA high quality of death is regarded as a goal at the end of life and, therefore, an assessment of the end of life experience is essential. Many instruments have been developed to evaluate the quality of dying and death. The selection of the most appropriate measure to be used in clinical and research settings is crucial.DesignPsychometric systematic review.Data SourcesWe systematically searched ProQuest Medline, SciELO and ProQuest PsycINFO from 1970 ‐ May 2016.Review MethodsIdentification and evaluation of instruments that assessed quality of dying and death. Papers were evaluated by two independent reviewers according to the COSMIN checklist with a 4‐point scale.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included in this review. Seven instruments were found that were specifically designed for assessing quality of dying and death. A retrospective carer proxy report to evaluate this construct was used in most of the papers. The methodological quality of the studies was fair for most of the psychometric characteristics analyzed.ConclusionMany instruments have been developed to assess the quality of dying and death. The Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire is the best available measure of the quality of dying and death. It is the only questionnaire identified in this review where all psychometric properties according to the COSMIN checklist have been evaluated.
The development of autistic social traits across childhood and adolescence in males and females
Authors: Mandy William , Pellicano Liz , St Pourcain Beate , Skuse David , Heron Jon 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAutism is a dimensional condition, representing the extreme end of a continuum of social competence that extends throughout the general population. Currently, little is known about how autistic social traits (ASTs), measured across the full spectrum of severity, develop during childhood and adolescence, including whether there are developmental differences between boys and girls. Therefore, we sought to chart the trajectories of ASTs in the general population across childhood and adolescence, with a focus on gender differences.MethodsParticipants were 9,744 males (n = 4,784) and females (n = 4,960) from ALSPAC, a UK birth cohort study. ASTs were assessed when participants were aged 7, 10, 13 and 16 years, using the parent‐report Social Communication Disorders Checklist. Data were modelled using latent growth curve analysis.ResultsDevelopmental trajectories of males and females were nonlinear, showing a decline from 7 to 10 years, followed by an increase between 10 and 16 years. At 7 years, males had higher levels of ASTs than females (mean raw score difference = 0.88, 95% CI [.72, 1.04]), and were more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.16) to score in the clinical range on the SCDC. By 16 years this gender difference had disappeared: males and females had, on average, similar levels of ASTs (mean difference = 0.00, 95% CI [−0.19, 0.19]) and were equally likely to score in the SCDC's clinical range (OR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.73, 1.10). This was the result of an increase in females’ ASTs between 10 and 16 years.ConclusionsThere are gender‐specific trajectories of autistic social impairment, with females more likely than males to experience an escalation of ASTs during early‐ and midadolescence. It remains to be discovered whether the observed female adolescent increase in ASTs represents the genuine late onset of social difficulties or earlier, subtle, pre‐existing difficulties becoming more obvious.
Impact of Pseudomonas H6 surfactant on all external life cycle stages of the fish parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Authors: Al‐Jubury A , Lu C , Kania P W , von Gersdorff Jørgensen L , Liu Y , de Bruijn I , Raaijmakers J , Buchmann K 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA bacterial biosurfactant isolated from Pseudomonas (strain H6) has previously been shown to have a lethal effect on the oomycete Saprolegnia diclina infecting fish eggs. The present work demonstrates that the same biosurfactant has a strong in vitro antiparasitic effect on the fish pathogenic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Three life cycle stages (the infective theront stage, the tomont and the tomocyst containing tomites) were all susceptible to the surfactant. Theronts were the most sensitive showing 100% mortality in as low concentrations as 10 and 13 μg/ml within 30 min. Tomonts were the most resistant but were killed in concentrations of 100 μg/ml. Tomocysts, which generally are considered resistant to chemical and medical treatment, due to the surrounding protective cyst wall, were also sensitive. The surfactant, in concentrations of 10 and 13 μg/ml, penetrated the cyst wall and killed the enclosed tomites within 60 min. Rainbow trout fingerlings exposed to the biosurfactant showed no adverse immediate or late signs following several hours incubation in concentrations effective for killing the parasite. This bacterial surfactant may be further developed for application as an antiparasitic control agent in aquaculture.