bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of optimized ultrasound‐assisted aqueous and ethanolic extraction of Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom on total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant properties
Authors: Gogoi Parmita , Chutia Papori , Singh Parvinder , Mahanta Charu L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMushrooms are rich in phenolic compounds. The extraction of bioactive compounds from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) using ultrasonication was optimized. Central composite rotatable design was conducted to optimize the extraction of polyphenols in water and ethanol. The independent variables taken for extraction were temperature (30–55°C), ultrasonic treatment time (8.00–20.00 min) and solvent/solid ratio (20–50 mL/g) and the responses were total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant property. The parameters of ultrasonication frequency and power were kept constant. The optimized conditions for water extract were 44°C, 14 min, and 20 mL/g and that of ethanol extract were 39°C, 13 min, and 20 mL/g. Ultrasonication treatment time, temperature and solid to solvent ratio influenced the yield of phenolic acids which were reflected in the responses analyzed. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good agreement with the predicted values. The study demonstrated that mushroom extract obtained by ultasonication has potential for its health beneficial properties.Practical ApplicationsMushroom is a very good source of bioactive compounds. But being perishable in nature, it loses its functional properties very quickly after harvesting. The bioactive compounds can be extracted from mushroom and can be incorporated in different foods for their enrichment. This study showed that ultrasound‐assisted (UAE) extraction has potential as an emerging technique for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant sources. UAE showed higher yield of polyphenolic compound with higher antioxidant activity as compared to the conventional extraction methods. Moreover, UAE resulted in less consumption of time and energy than the conventional methods. The results indicate that ultrasound assisted extraction can be promoted as a extraction technique by different food industries.
Risk factors and nomogram for diabetes mellitus in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Dan , Guo Hong‐Lei , Hao Lu , Wang Teng , Zhang Di , Yang Huai‐Yu , Ma Jia‐Yi , Li Juan , Zhang Ling‐Ling , Lin Kun , Chen Cui , Han Xu , Lin Jin‐Huan , Bi Ya‐Wei , Xin Lei , Zeng Xiang‐Peng , Chen Hui , Xie Ting , Liao Zhuan , Cong Zhi‐Jie , Wang Li‐Sheng , Xu Zheng‐Lei , Li Zhao‐Shen , Hu Liang‐Hao ,   Chinese Medical Doctor Association of Pancreatology
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP), which impairs the quality of life for patients. This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop nomogram for DM in ICP to help early diagnosis.MethodsIdiopathic chronic pancreatitis patients admitted to our center from January 2000 to December 2013 were included. Cumulative rates of DM were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to the training and validation cohort. Based on training cohort, risk factors for DM were identified through Cox proportional hazards regression model, and nomogram was developed. Internal and external validations were performed based on the training and validation cohort, respectively.ResultsTotally, 1633 patients with ICP were finally enrolled. The median follow‐up duration was 9.8 years. DM was found in 26.3% (430/1633) of patients after the onset of CP. Adult at onset of ICP, biliary stricture at/before diagnosis of CP, steatorrhea at/before diagnosis of CP, and complex pathologic changes in main pancreatic duct were identified risk factors for DM development. The nomogram achieved good concordance indexes in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, with well‐fitted calibration curves.ConclusionsRisk factors were identified, and nomogram was developed to determine the risk of DM in ICP patients. Patients with one or more of the risk factors including adult at onset of ICP, biliary stricture at/before diagnosis of CP, steatorrhea at/before diagnosis of CP, and complex pathologic changes in main pancreatic duct have higher incidence of DM.
Role of severe thrombocytopenia in preventing platelet count recovery in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Ochi Hironori , Hiraoka Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Tanaka Takaaki , Sunago Kotaro , Yukimoto Atsushi , Imai Yusuke , Watanabe Takao , Yoshida Osamu , Abe Masanori , Joko Kouji , Michitaka Kojiro , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimCertain thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease have inadequate platelet count recovery after platelet transfusion or lusutrombopag administration. We aimed to identify the reasons for this phenomenon.MethodsWe investigated 58 and 86 thrombocytopenic patients with chronic liver disease who received lusutrombopag (3 mg orally for up to 7 days) or underwent blood transfusions, respectively. Thirty patients underwent simultaneous hepatic surgery and splenectomy. Factors preventing platelet count recovery above 50 × 103/μL were identified.ResultsThe median patient age was 64 years. Eleven, 78, and 55 patients had hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or another etiology, respectively; 59, 69, and 16 had Child–Pugh classes A, B, and C, respectively. The median spleen volume was 432 mL, and a median of 10 blood units were transfused per patient. The median platelet count rose significantly (from 41.5 × 103/μL to 81.0 × 103/μL) after lusutrombopag administration but not after blood transfusion before invasive procedures. However, maximum platelet counts in patients who underwent splenectomy before platelet transfusion were markedly improved over those who did not. Increasing platelet counts above 50 × 103/μL required baseline platelets > 30 × 103/μL and lusutrombopag administration for all patients. Platelet count recovery was dependent on a spleen volume of < 300 mL and baseline platelets of > 40 × 103/μL in patients who underwent platelet transfusions, while a baseline platelet count of > 30 × 103/μL was required for patients administered with lusutrombopag.ConclusionNeither blood transfusion nor lusutrombopag improves thrombocytopenia in patients with severe conditions; however, the degree of platelet count elevation following lusutrombopag administration is higher than that following blood transfusion.
Endoscopic closure of large colonic perforations with a novel endoscopic clip device: An animal study (with videos)
Authors: Wang Zhi‐jie , Li Shi‐yu , Zhang Yan‐hui , Chen Yan , Zhang Ping‐ping , Li Zhao‐shen , Bai Yu , Wang Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAn endoscopic clip device was newly designed to accomplish the closure of large gastrointestinal defects. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of this device in an ex vivo experimental setting.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in porcine colons (n = 5). A large (3–4 cm) linear full‐thickness incision was created using a scalpel externally. The device was used for endoscopic closure. The procedure time, number of clips, and success rate of closure were determined.ResultsTen defects were created in five porcine colons (two incisions in each specimen). Successful closure was achieved in all defects. The mean procedure time was 24.30 ± 4.42 min, the mean leak pressure is 28.30 ± 9.49 mmHg, and the mean number of additional conventional hemostatic clips used was 5.10 ± 0.99.ConclusionsThe results indicated that this clip achieved the convenient and reliable closure of large defects in the colon wall in an ex vivo porcine model and seems to be a promising option for closing large gastrointestinal perforations.
A 2‐Year Pragmatic Trial of Antibiotic Stewardship in 27 Community Nursing Homes
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Ward Kimberly , Kistler Christine E. , Paone Deborah , Weber David J. , Wretman Christopher J. , Preisser John S. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTo determine if antibiotic prescribing in community nursing homes (NHs) can be reduced by a multicomponent antibiotic stewardship intervention implemented by medical providers and nursing staff and whether implementation is more effective if performed by a NH chain or a medical provider group.DESIGNTwo‐year quality improvement pragmatic implementation trial with two arms (NH chain and medical provider group).SETTINGA total of 27 community NHs in North Carolina that are typical of NHs statewide, conducted before announcement of the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services antibiotic stewardship mandate.PARTICIPANTSNursing staff and medical care providers in the participating NHs.INTERVENTIONStandardized antibiotic stewardship quality improvement program, including training modules for nurses and medical providers, posters, algorithms, communication guidelines, quarterly information briefs, an annual quality improvement report, an informational brochure for residents and families, and free continuing education credit.MEASUREMENTSAntibiotic prescribing rates per 1000 resident days overall and by infection type; rate of urine test ordering; and incidence of Clostridium difficile and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.RESULTSSystemic antibiotic prescription rates decreased from baseline by 18% at 12 months (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69‐0.98) and 23% at 24 months (IRR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.65‐0.90). A 10% increase in the proportion of residents with the medical director as primary physician was associated with a 4% reduction in prescribing (IRR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.92‐0.99). Incidence of C. difficile and MRSA infections, hospitalizations, and hospital readmissions did not change significantly. No adverse events from antibiotic nonprescription were reported. Estimated 2‐year implementation costs per NH, exclusive of medical provider time, ranged from $354 to $3653.CONCLUSIONSAntibiotic stewardship programs can be successfully disseminated in community NHs through either NH administration or medical provider groups and can achieve significant reductions in antibiotic use for at least 2 years. Medical director involvement is an important element of program success. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:46–54, 2019
A novel human Cdh1 mutation impairs anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activity resulting in microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina , Sánchez‐Morán Irene , Álvarez Sara , Tirado Pilar , Fernández‐Mayoralas Daniel M. , Calleja‐Pérez Beatriz , Almeida Ángeles , Fernández‐Jaén Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Fizzy‐related protein 1 (Fzr1) gene encodes Cdh1 protein, a coactivator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Previously, we found that genetic ablation of Fzr1 promotes the death of neural progenitor cells leading to neurogenesis impairment and microcephaly in mouse. To ascertain the possible translation of these findings in humans, we searched for mutations in the Fzr1 gene in 390 whole exomes sequenced in trio in individuals showing neurodevelopmental disorders compatible with a genetic origin. We found a novel missense (p.Asp187Gly) Fzr1 gene mutation (c.560A>G) in a heterozygous state in a 4‐year‐old boy, born from non‐consanguineous Spanish parents, who presents with severe antenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and refractory epilepsy. Cdh1 protein levels in leucocytes isolated from the patient were significantly lower than those found in his parents. Expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells produced less Cdh1 protein and APC/C activity, resulting in altered cell cycle distribution when compared with cells expressing wild‐type Cdh1. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in cortical progenitor cells in primary culture failed to abolish the enlargement of the replicative phase caused by knockout of endogenous Cdh1. These results indicate that the loss of function of APC/C‐Cdh1 caused by Cdh1 Asp187Gly mutation is a new cause of prenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and severe epilepsy.
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Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 8.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14524.
Effect of surgeon's workload on rate of transection during follicular unit excision/extraction (FUE)
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Mohmand Mohammad Humayun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the transection rate at the start and at the end of the FUE procedure.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted in a private setup in patients undergoing first session of FUE surgery over 2000 grafts. Six areas of 1 cm2 were marked, two in midline and two on either side. All the procedures were undertaken by the single surgeon to avoid any bias. At the start of the surgery, the extraction of hair was performed in areas A1, A2, and A3. All the excised hair and transected hair were counted. The surgery was then completed but the remaining three areas (B1, B2, and B3) were left intact. Later, FUE was done in these areas. The excised hair and transected hair were counted. All the data were analyzed statistically by paired t test.ResultsA total of 25 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years. The transection rate was 5.3/cm2 in mid‐zone, 4.4/cm2 on right side, and 5.7/cm2 on left side at the start and 27.7/cm2 in mid‐zone, 25.6/cm2 on right side, and 24.2/cm2 on left side at the end.The transection rate increased from 5.03 to 6.0/cm2 for FUS <2500 but increased from 4.83 to 6.6/cm2 with FUs over 2500 and increased from 5.5 to 6.67/cm2 when FUs were over 3000.ConclusionThe surgeon's workload increases the hair transection during FUE.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of using 0.01% versus 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis: A randomized, double‐blind, split‐face, comparative study
Authors: Suchonwanit Poonkiat , Harnchoowong Sarawin , Chanasumon Nongsak , Sriphojanart Tueboon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have proven the efficacy and safety of 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis; however, there is no comparison study between both concentrations.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety between 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis.Patients/MethodsThis prospective, randomized, double‐blind, split‐face clinical study was conducted in 30 patients with eyebrow hypotrichosis. Each side of eyebrow of individual patients was randomly assigned for 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost, applied on each eyebrow once daily. Eyebrow density, diameter, the Global Eyebrow Assessment scale, 7‐point rating scale, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Side effects were also recorded.ResultsBoth 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost significantly improved eyebrow density and diameter (P < .05), although there were no statistically significant differences in changes in eyebrow density and diameter from baseline between both concentrations (P = .96 and .84, respectively). Additionally, patients significantly preferred 0.03% bimatoprost in terms of clinical improvement and satisfaction (P = .04 and .003, respectively).ConclusionsBoth 0.01% and 0.03% bimatoprost are effective and safe for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis. Bimatoprost 0.03% is superior to its 0.01% counterpart, albeit without statistical significance.
A systematic review of noninvasive and invasive sialorrhoea management
Authors: Varley Li Ping , Denieffe Suzanne , O'Gorman Claire , Murphy Annette , Gooney Martina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review published literature pertaining to the management of sialorrhoea while also highlighting the significance of the multidisciplinary approach.BackgroundSialorrhoea is a common and troublesome problem among certain neurological patients. It is distressing for patients and caregivers, and can be challenging for healthcare professionals. Various sialorrhoea management approaches have been documented. However, there is no clear consensus on best management practices. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and synthesise various approaches so as to provide an understanding of the efficacy of management approaches.DesignSystematic literature review using PRISMA checklist (see Appendix S1).MethodFive databases (ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PubMed) were searched (years 2001–2018) following inclusion criteria. Out of 1,294 identified records, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsVarious management approaches identified, ranging from noninvasive, such as speech therapy aiming to enhance swallowing behaviour, to invasive treatment including anticholinergic medication, botulinum toxin injection and surgical techniques. However, in the majority of cases, there is no scientific evidence‐based management protocol leading to favourable results, and the evidence base for intervention effectiveness remains weak.ConclusionsThe multifactor nature of sialorrhoea and its associated complications presents challenges for the medical care team. None of the management strategies stand alone as the best modality; therefore, it is proposed that management strategies follow a multidisciplinary approach to meet the diverse needs of patients.Relevance to clinical practiceA comprehensive understanding of different sialorrhoea management approaches will enable healthcare professionals to identify the signs and symptoms regarding sialorrhoea, and to assist in effective management implementation. This will help to improve the management of sialorrhoea, hence, to improve quality of life of patients and provide formative scope to the development of an integrated care pathway.
Angioedema associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: analysis of a case‐control study
Authors: Vigneron C. , Lécluse A. , Ronzière T. , Bouillet L. , Boccon‐Gibod I. , Gayet S. , Doche E. , Smadja D. , Di Legge S. , Dumont F. , Gaudron M. , Ion I. , Marcel S. , Sévin M. , Vlaicu M. B. , Launay D. , Arnaud I. , Girard‐Madoux P. , Héroum C. , Lefèvre S. , Marc G. , Obadia M. , Sablot D. , Sibon I. , Suissa L. , Gobert D. , Detante O. , Alamowitch S. , Fain O. , Javaud N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBradykinin‐mediated angioedema (AE) is a complication associated with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Risk factors are unknown and management is discussed.ObjectivesTo clarify risk factors associated with bradykinin‐mediated AE after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.MethodsIn a case‐control study conducted at a French reference centre for bradykinin angiœdema, patients with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke and a diagnosis of bradykinin‐mediated angiœdema, were compared to controls treated with thrombolysis treatment without angiœdema.ResultsFifty‐three thrombolysis‐related AE were matched to 106 control subjects. The sites of attacks following thrombolysis for ischemic stroke mainly included tongue (34/53, 64%) and lips (26/53, 49%). The upper airways were involved in 37 (70%) cases. Three patients required mechanical ventilation. Patients with bradykinin‐mediated angiœdema were more frequently women [33 (62%) vs. 44 (42%); P = 0.01], had higher frequency of prior ischemic stroke [12 (23%) vs. 9 (8%); P = 0.01], hypertension [46 (87%) vs. 70 (66%); P = 0.005], were more frequently treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor [37 (70%) vs. 28 (26%); P < 0.001] and were more frequently hospitalized in intensive care medicine [ICU; 11 (21%) vs. 5 (5%); P = 0.004]. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with thrombolysis‐related AE were female sex [odds ratio (OR), 3.04; 95% confident interval (CI), 1.32–7.01; P = 0.009] and treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors [(OR), 6.08; 95% (CI), 2.17–17.07; P < 0.001].ConclusionsThis case‐control study points out angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and female sex as risk factors of bradykinin AE associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke.
Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory injury and promotes odontoblastic differentiation in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis
Authors: Ding Qun , Gao Jinyu , Zheng Jing , Wang An , Jing Shuanrang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAstragaloside IV (AS‐IV), a natural herbal compound fromAstragalus membranaceus, has inhibitory effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, and RANKL signal helps to regulate odontoblast differentiation. However, whether and how AS‐IV affects odontoblastic differentiation remains unclear.MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis were treated with AS‐IV, cell viability, and LDH leakage was analyzed by CCK‐8 assay and LDH Leakage assay. The production of TNF‐α and IL‐6 was determined by ELISA and qRT‐PCR assay. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected using an ALP assay kit, and the expression of dentin sialophos‐phoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein‐1 (DMP1), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) was determined by western blot.ResultsAS‐IV dose dependently increased in cell viability and decreased the overproduction of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells. AS‐IV also counteracted LPS‐induced downregulation of ALP, DSPP, and DMP1 in MDPC‐23 cells. Furthermore, AS‐IV significantly decreased the expression of FGF2 and p‐ERK in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells. More important, the addition of FGF2 partly neutralized AS‐IV‐mediated inhibition of FGF2/ERK signaling, abolished AS‐IV‐induced reduction of TNF‐α and IL‐6, and counteracted AS‐IV‐induced upregulation of DSPP and DMP‐1 in these cells. Meanwhile, AS‐IV inhibited the excessive production of TNF‐α and IL‐6, suppressed the downregulation of DSPP and DMP1, and disturbed the up‐regulation of FGF2 and p‐ERK in the pulp tissues of rat pulpitis model.ConclusionsAS‐IV exerted anti‐inflammatory and pro‐differentiation effects in LPS‐stimulated MDPC‐23 cells and rat pulpitis via inhibiting the FGF2/ERK signaling pathway.