bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Positioning and Navigation of a Mobile Robot in an Urban Environment Using a Motion Estimator
Authors: An Jongwoo , Lee Jangmyung 
Published: February 2019

SummaryRobust positioning and navigation of a mobile robot in an urban environment is implemented by fusing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) data with the aid of a motion estimator. To select and isolate malicious satellite signals and guarantee the minimum number of GPS signals for the localization, an enhanced fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm with a short-term memory has been developed in this research. When there are sufficient satellite signals for positioning, the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) has been applied for selecting the best four satellite signals to localize the mobile robot. Then, the GPS data are fused with INS data by a Kalman filter (KF) for a straight path and a curved motion estimator (CME) for a curved path. That is, the INS data are properly fused to the GPS data through the KF or CME process. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, experiments using a mobile robot have been carried out on a university campus.
Autonomic responses induced by aerobic submaximal exercise in obese and overweight adolescents
Authors: Santana Milana D. R. , Kliszczewicz Brian , Vanderlei Franciele M. , Monteiro Larissa R. L. , Martiniano Eli Carlos , de Moraes Yasmim M. , Mangueira Luana B. , Alcantara Guilherme C. , da Silva José Ramon A. , Benjamim Cicero Jonas R. , Oliveira Fernando R. , Valenti Vitor E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGraded exercises tests are performed in adult populations; nonetheless, the use of this type of assessment is greatly understudied in overweight and obese adolescents.ObjectiveTo investigate heart rate autonomic responses to submaximal aerobic exercise in obese and overweight adolescents.MethodsWe recruited 40 adolescents divided into two groups: (1) overweight group comprising 10 boys and 10 girls between Z-score +1 and +2 and (2) obese group comprising 10 boys and 10 girls above Z-score >+2. Heart rate variability was analysed before (T1) and after exercise (T2–T4) on treadmill at a slope of 0%, with 70% of the maximal estimated heart rate (220 – age) for 20 minutes.ResultsHeart rate in the overweight group was: 93.2±10.52 bpm versus 120.8±13.49 bpm versus 94.6±11.65 bpm versus 93.0±9.23 bpm, and in the obese group was: 92.0±15.41 bpm versus 117.6±16.31 bpm versus 92.1±12.9 bpm versus 91.8±14.33 bpm. High frequency in the overweight group was: 640±633.1 ms2 versus 84±174.66 ms2 versus 603.5±655.31 ms2 versus 762.6±807.21 ms2, and in the obese group was: 628.4±779.81 ms2 versus 65.4±119.34 ms2 versus 506.2±482.70 ms2 versus 677.9±939.05 ms2; and root mean square of successive differences in the overweight group was: 37.9±18.81 ms versus 10.9±8.41 ms versus 32.8±24.07 ms versus 36.7±21.86 ms, and in the obese group was: 38.7±23.17 ms versus 11.5±8.62 ms versus 32.3±16.74 ms versus 37.3±24.21 ms. These values significantly changed during exercise compared with resting values in overweight and obese groups. Moreover, we also reported no significant difference of resting parasympathetic control of heart rate between obese and overweight adolescents.ConclusionThere was no significant difference of autonomic responses elicited by submaximal aerobic exercise between overweight and obese adolescents.
Early educators’ practices and opinions in relation to pre-schoolers’ dietary intake at pre-school: case Finland
Authors: Lehto Reetta , Ray Carola , Vepsäläinen Henna , Korkalo Liisa , Nissinen Kaija , Skaffari Essi , Määttä Suvi , Roos Eva , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine associations between early educators’ feeding practices and opinions and children’s dietary intake at pre-school, in a context where uniform meals are served and pre-schools are highly regulated.DesignCross-sectional study. Food consumption data of the children consisted of two-day food records from pre-school kept by early educators. Early educators also reported their feeding practices and opinions on pre-school food. Serving style was observed.SettingMunicipal pre-schools in Southern and Western Finland.ParticipantsPre-schoolers (n 586) aged 3–6 years and early educators (n 378).ResultsEarly educators’ positive opinion of the food served at pre-school and the opinion that sufficient vegetables were available for the children were positively associated with children’s vegetable consumption. Early educators’ role modelling and a positive opinion of the food were negatively associated with children’s energy intake. Encouragement to eat fruit and vegetables was associated with higher fibre intake. Intake of added sugar was low (4·4 % of energy).ConclusionsSome of the feeding practices and opinions of early educators were related to healthier dietary intake (higher vegetable consumption and fibre intake) among the children. However, in some respects, the results contradicted previous findings. Overall, early educators’ feeding practices and opinions contribute to children’s dietary intake and should be taken into account when promoting healthy food intake among pre-school children.
Importance of n-3 PUFA consumption during pregnancy: perception discrepancies between pregnant women and gynaecologists–obstetricians in Belgium
Authors: Hoge Axelle , Bernardy Florence , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Dardenne Nadia , Degée Sylvie , Nisolle Michelle , Guillaume Michèle , Castronovo Vincenzo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiven-3 PUFA during pregnancy have been subject to intense research interest, but also much controversy, creating a situation of confusion among patients and health-care providers. The present study was carried out to explore knowledge, attitude and practices regardingn-3 PUFA in two independent populations of pregnant women and gynaecologists–obstetricians in Belgium and to assess the relationship between the pregnant women’s attributes and theirn-3 PUFA status measured by the omega-3 index.DesignCross-sectional study. Knowledge, attitude and practices were collected by self-administered questionnaires while laboratory data were available for each pregnant woman.SettingDuring the first antenatal hospital appointment (for the pregnant women) and by email (for the gynaecologists–obstetricians).ParticipantsWomen in early pregnancy (n122) and gynaecologists–obstetricians (n67).ResultsMarked discrepancies in perception were evidenced between the pregnant women and health-care providers. While 82 % of the women attached high importance ton-3 PUFA during pregnancy, only a third of the gynaecologists–obstetricians did. About 35 % of the women declared paying particular attention to their consumption ofn-3 PUFA. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, these positive dietary practices were significantly associated with higher omega-3 index (P=0·04). Overall, 43·3 % of professionals did not provide any information aboutn-3 PUFA to their pregnant patients and 46·3 % did not take any preventive actions.ConclusionsEvidence-based guidelines, refreshment training and communication tools are needed to improve awareness and clinical practices among caregivers regardingn-3 PUFA to benefit both mothers and their children.
Reinterpreting the age of the uppermost ‘Old Red Sandstone' and Early Carboniferous in Scotland
Authors: MARSHALL John E. A. , REEVES Emma J. , BENNETT Carys E. , DAVIES Sarah J. , KEARSEY Timothy I. , MILLWARD David , SMITHSON Timothy R. , BROWNE Michael A. E. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn Scotland, the base of the Ballagan Formation has traditionally been placed at the first grey mudstone within a contiguous Late Devonian to Carboniferous succession. This convention places the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary within the Old Red Sandstone (ORS) Kinnesswood Formation. The consequences of this placement are that tetrapods from the Ballagan Formation were dated as late Tournaisian in age and that the ranges of typically Devonian fish found in the Kinnesswood Formation continued into the Carboniferous. The Pease Bay specimen of the fishRemigolepisis from the Kinnesswood Formation. Comparisons with its range in Greenland, calibrated against spores, show it was Famennian in age. Detailed palynological sampling at Burnmouth from the base of the Ballagan Formation proves that the early Tournaisian spore zones (VI and HD plus Cl 1) are present. TheSchopfitesspecies that occurs through most of the succession isSchopfites delicatusrather thanSchopfites claviger. The latter species defines the late Tournaisian CM spore zone. The first spore assemblage that has been found in Upper ‘ORS' strata underlying the Ballagan Formation (Preston, Whiteadder Water), containsRetispora lepidophytaand is from the early latest Famennian LL spore zone. The spore samples are interbedded with volcaniclastic debris, which shows that the Kelso Volcanic Formation is, in part, early latest Famennian in age. These findings demonstrate that the Ballagan Formation includes most of the Tournaisian with the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary positioned close to the top of the Kinnesswood Formation. The Stage 6 calcrete at Pease Bay can be correlated to the equivalent section at Carham, showing that it represents a time gap equivalent to the latest Famennian glaciation(s). Importantly, some of the recently described Ballagan Formation tetrapods are older than previously dated and now fill the key early part of Romer's Gap.
Serum vitamin D status does not correlate with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in male adults: A controlled study design with minimized factors influencing serum vitamin D levels
Authors: Yassa Ozge Yagcioglu , Domac Saime Fusun , Kenangil Gulay 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Observational studies performed in homogeneous groups to objectively investigate the cause and effect relationship between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders are scarce. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the relationship between the severity of OSAS and vitamin-D levels among the participants whose features affecting serum vit-D levels were minimised. Serum 25-OH vitamin-D levels in 121 OSAS Male patients diagnosed by polysomnography without any systemic disease or vitamin-D supplement that may effect the vitamin-D metabolism were measured. The study was conducted in winter (latitude: 41°). Anthropometric measures and biochemical tests were also performed. The distribution of vitamin-D levels was determined as severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency. Apnea-hypopne index (AHI) < 5 was considered as a control group. Patients were categorized into four groups according to AHI as control, mild, moderate and severe. The groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, lipid profile, serum calcium, anthropometric measures and smoking. There was no significant difference in the distribution of vitamin-D levels between the patient and control groups and also within OSAS subgroups (p = 0.57, p = 0.86, respectively). Odds ratio to have OSAS in patients with vitamin-D deficiency was found as 0.745 (95 %CI: 0.33–1.7). Multinominal regression analysis showed no significant relationship between the OSAS severity and the extent of vitamin-D status. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between vitamin-D and AHI (r = 0.017, p = 0.877). Vitamin-D status does not alter the severity of OSAS. Vitamin-D deficiency might be the result of lifestyle changes due to OSAS rather than a cause.
Dynamic Rupture Scenarios in the Brawley Seismic Zone, Salton Trough, Southern California
Authors: Kyriakopoulos C. , Oglesby D. D. , Rockwell T. K. , Meltzner A. J. , Barall M. , Fletcher John M. , Tulanowski Drew 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the dynamic behavior of a system of interconnected faults in the Brawley Seismic Zone (BSZ) in southern California. The system of faults includes the southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF), the Imperial Fault (IF), and a set of cross faults in the BSZ that may serve as connecting structures between the two larger faults. Geological and seismic evidence imply that the SSAF and IF may have buried extensions that link them together in a large‐scale step over, with the cross faults in the BSZ cutting between them. Such a configuration poses the question of whether through‐going rupture across the step over is possible in this region, leading to large, plate‐boundary scale earthquakes. We investigate potential earthquakes in this region through 3‐D dynamic finite element spontaneous rupture modeling. We find that under multiple assumptions about fault stress and fault geometry, through‐going rupture is possible, both from north to south and south to north. Participation of the cross faults is facilitated by two factors: absence of rupture on one of the main two faults and a contrast in prestress between the main faults and the cross faults, leading to slow propagation speed on the main faults while maintaining ease of failure on the cross faults. The pattern of rupture propagation and slip is strongly affected by fault‐to‐fault dynamic stress interactions during the rupture process. The results may have implications for both potential earthquakes in this region, as well as for understanding the dynamics of geometrically complex/branched faults in general.
Variations of Equatorial Shear, Stratification, and Turbulence Within a Tropical Instability Wave Cycle
Authors: Inoue Ryuichiro , Lien Ren‐Chieh , Moum James N. , Perez Renellys C. , Gregg Michael C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEquatorial Internal Wave Experiment observations at 0°, 140°W from October 2008 to February 2009 captured modulations of shear, stratification, and turbulence above the Equatorial Undercurrent by a series of tropical instability waves (TIWs). Analyzing these observations in terms of a four‐phase TIW cycle, we found that shear and stratification within the deep‐cycle layer being weakest in the middle of the N‐S phase (transition from northward to southward flow) and strongest in the late S phase (southward flow) and the early S‐N phase (transition from southward to northward flow). Turbulence was modulated but showed less dependence on the TIW cycle. The vertical diffusivity (KT) was largest during the N (northward flow) and N‐S phases, when stratification was weak, despite weak shear, and was smallest from the late S phase to the S‐N phase, when stratification was strong, despite strong shear. This tendency was less clear in turbulent heat flux because vertical temperature gradients were small at times when KT was large, and large when KT was small. We investigated the dynamics of shear and stratification variations within the TIW cycle by using an ocean general circulation model forced with observed winds. The model successfully reproduced the observed strong shear and stratification in the S phase, except for a small phase difference. The strong shear is explained by vortex stretching by TIWs. The strong stratification is explained by meridional and vertical advection.
Effects of Space Weathering and Porosity on the Far‐UV Reflectance of Amundsen Crater
Authors: Byron B. D. , Retherford K. D. , Greathouse T. K. , Mandt K. E. , Hendrix A. R. , Poston M. J. , Liu Y. , Cahill J. T. , Mazarico E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe lunar South Pole crater Amundsen is a prime location to study the effects of space weathering in the far ultraviolet. Amundsen's equator‐facing terrace walls are highly illuminated while the northern side of the crater has permanently shaded regions (PSRs). Using data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lyman Alpha Mapping Project, we investigate signatures of space weathering in different regions of Amundsen. We find that regions of the surface that receive large amounts of solar illumination and solar wind flux (e.g., the southern terrace walls) display high Lyman‐α albedos and blue spectral slopes in the 175–190‐nm region, indicative of increased regolith maturity due to solar wind weathering and thermal cycling. Amundsen's PSRs, however, receive no direct solar illumination and very little solar wind flux and have a lower albedo across Lyman Alpha Mapping Project's entire band pass (57–197 nm) than illuminated regions of the crater. We conclude that the low PSR albedos correspond to high regolith porosity in the PSRs. These PSRs are extremely cold regions with very minor thermal cycling. Thermal cycling might be a process that reduces porosity in regions of the crater exposed to a wide range of temperatures, thus increasing their albedos across the entire wavelength range. However, our analysis of the present data set was unable to uniquely identify its role. The low albedos in the PSRs may also result from extreme charging effects inside the PSRs, causing lofting and redeposition of dust, as well as dielectric breakdown, which would act to increase regolith porosity.
Beyond Classical Observations in Hydrogeology: The Advantages of Including Exchange Flux, Temperature, Tracer Concentration, Residence Time, and Soil Moisture Observations in Groundwater Model Calibration
Authors: Schilling Oliver S. , Cook Peter G. , Brunner Philip 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraditionally, groundwater and surface water flow models have been calibrated against two observation types: hydraulic heads and surface water discharge. It has repeatedly been demonstrated, however, that these classical observations do not contain sufficient information to calibrate flow models. To reduce the predictive uncertainty of flow models, the consideration of other observation types constitutes a promising way forward. Despite the ever‐increasing availability of other observation types, however, they are still unconventional when it comes to flow model calibration. By reviewing studies that included nonclassical observations in flow model calibration, benefits and challenges associated with their integration in flow model calibration were identified, and their information content was analyzed. While explicit simulation of mass transport processes in flow models poses challenges, even simplified approaches to integrate tracer concentrations yield significantly better calibration results than using only classical observations. For a majority of calibrated flow models, observations of tracer concentrations and of exchange fluxes were beneficial. Temperature observations improved the simulation of heat transport but often worsened all other model outcomes. Only when temperature observations were made within 2 m of the surface water‐groundwater interface did they have the potential to also improve flow and mass transport simulations. Surprisingly, many models were calibrated manually rather than with the widely available, mathematically robust and automated tools. There is a clear need for more systematic implementation of unconventional observations and automated flow model calibration as well as for more systematic quantification of the information content of unconventional observations.
Striking Variation in the Provenance of the Lower and Upper Cretaceous Turbidites in the Central Pontides (Northern Turkey) Related to the Opening of the Black Sea
Authors: Akdoğan R. , Okay A. I. , Dunkl I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Lower and Upper Cretaceous turbidites cover large areas in the central Pontides (north‐central Turkey). The Lower Cretaceous turbidites are over 2 km thick and are exposed in an area of 400 × 90 km. The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian‐Maastrichtian) forearc turbidites are up to 1,200 m thick and crop out in NW‐SE trending elongate basins about 40 km wide, extending along the central and eastern Pontides. We present new detrital zircon U–Pb ages, petrography, and paleocurrent measurements from the Campanian‐Maastrichtian turbidites and compare them to those from the Lower Cretaceous turbidites. The Campanian‐Maastrichtian sandstones are dominated by carbonate and magmatic lithic grains. The paleocurrents indicate paleoflow directions parallel to the axis of the basin. The sandstones are dominated by Late Cretaceous zircons indicating derivation mainly from the coeval magmatic arc. In contrast, the Lower Cretaceous sandstones are dominated by quartz and feldspar, and paleocurrents indicate southward transport. The detrital zircons in the Lower Cretaceous sandstones are mainly Archean and Paleoproterozoic, indicating that in the Early Cretaceous, the source of turbidites was from the Archean‐Paleoproterozoic Ukrainian Shield to the north. After the opening of the Black Sea in the Late Cretaceous, the connection between the Pontides and the East European Platform was severed and the Campanian‐Maastrichtian turbidites were sourced principally from the magmatic arc in the Pontides. Our results indicate that the Campanian‐Maastrichtian turbidites represent the first turbiditic sequence deposited after the opening of the Black Sea.
Activation of mTORC1 in subchondral bone preosteoblasts promotes osteoarthritis by stimulating bone sclerosis and secretion of CXCL12
Authors: Lin Chuangxin , Liu Liangliang , Zeng Chun , Cui Zhong-Kai , Chen Yuhui , Lai Pinling , Wang Hong , Shao Yan , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Rongkai , Zhao Chang , Fang Hang , Cai Daozhang , Bai Xiaochun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidences show that aberrant subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, how subchondral bone formation is activated and the mechanism by which increased subchondral bone turnover promotes cartilage degeneration during OA remains unclear. Here, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is activated in subchondral bone preosteoblasts (Osterix+) from OA patients and mice. Constitutive activation of mTORC1 in preosteoblasts by deletion of the mTORC1 upstream inhibitor, tuberous sclerosis 1, induced aberrant subchondral bone formation, and sclerosis with little-to-no effects on articular cartilage integrity, but accelerated post-traumatic OA development in mice. In contrast, inhibition of mTORC1 in preosteoblasts by disruption of Raptor (mTORC1-specific component) reduced subchondral bone formation and cartilage degeneration, and attenuated post-traumatic OA in mice. Mechanistically, mTORC1 activation promoted preosteoblast expansion and Cxcl12 secretion, which induced subchondral bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration during OA. A Cxcl12-neutralizing antibody reduced cartilage degeneration and alleviated OA in mice. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that mTORC1 activation in subchondral preosteoblasts is not sufficient to induce OA, but can induce aberrant subchondral bone formation and secrete of Cxcl12 to accelerate disease progression following surgical destabilization of the joint. Pharmaceutical inhibition of the pathway presents a promising therapeutic approach for OA treatment.