bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique transmembrane domain interactions differentially modulate integrin αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 function
Authors: Litvinov Rustem I. , Mravic Marco , Zhu Hua , Weisel John W. , DeGrado William F. , Bennett Joel S. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Besides anchoring proteins in membranes, transmembrane (TM) helices facilitate the assembly of multisubunit proteins. Often, TM helices contain several TM–helix interaction sequences, arranged such that they cannot be simultaneously engaged. The TM helix of the β3-integrin subunit contains two different sequences that it uses to interact with two different α-subunits, one with αIIb and the other with αv. Because integrins have distinct biological functions, the ability of a single TM helix to use different sequences to interact with different partners likely contributes to this functional specificity. Thus, the ability to achieve binding on two faces of a single TM helix provides a mechanism to evolve new binding partners for integrins and likely other membrane proteins as well.
“But it is not prov’d”
Authors: Lutzky Ursula 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have found discourse markers to be represented with only low frequencies in Early Modern English trial proceedings, especially when compared to other dialogic and fictional text types from the same period. Nevertheless, they comprise certain classes of markers, such as contrastive markers, which operate on different levels of discourse. This study aims to provide further insights into the use of the coordinatorbutin a sociopragmatically annotated corpus of trial proceedings from the period 1560 to 1760. Drawing on contextual information, the analysis will assess the distribution ofbutthroughout the Early Modern English period and address certain peaks in its use. In addition, the sociopragmatic information included in the corpus will be consulted to discover which trial participants used the form repeatedly in their speech and with which functions. Overall, this study will therefore offer an innovative sociopragmatic profile ofbutas a contrastive marker in Early Modern English trials.
Ubr1p-Cup9p-Ptr2p pathway involves in the sensitivity to readthrough compounds negamycin derivatives in budding yeast
Authors: Hamada Keisuke , Naito Akari , Hamaguchi Yu , Kanesaki Yu , Kasahara Koji , Taguchi Akihiro , Omura Noriko , Hayashi Yoshio , Usui Takeo 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, we found that dipeptide transporter Ptr2p is the putative transporter of read-through compounds (+)-negamycin derivatives TCP-126 and TCP-112, in budding yeast. Ptr2p expression and activity were correlated with the TCP-112 sensitivity, and dipeptide with high affinity to Ptr2p suppressed the TCP-112 activity. These results suggest that dipeptide transporter is one of the determinants of negamycin analogs sensitivity.
Abbreviation: PTC: premature termination codon.
Development of a synthesis method for odor sesquiterpenoid, (−)-rotundone, using non-heme Fe2+-chelate catalyst and ferric-chelate reductase
Authors: Umezawa Satoru , Konishi Shunsuke , Kino Kuniki 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
(−)-Rotundone, a sesquiterpenoid that has a characteristic woody and peppery odor, is a key aroma component of spicy foodstuffs, such as black pepper and Australian Shiraz wine. (−)-Rotundone shows the lowest level of odor threshold in natural compounds and remarkably improves the quality of various fruit flavors. To develop a method for the synthesis of (−)-rotundone, we focused on non-heme Fe2+-chelates, which are biomimetic catalysts of the active center of oxygenases and enzymatic supply and regeneration of those catalysts. That is, we constructed a unique combination system composed of the oxidative synthesis of (−)-rotundone using the non-heme Fe2+-chelate catalyst, Fe(II)-EDTA, and the enzymatic supply and regeneration of Fe2+-chelate by ferric-chelate reductase, YqjH, from Escherichia coli. In addition, we improved the yield of (−)-rotundone by the application of cyclodextrin and glucose dehydrogenase to this system, and thus established a platform for efficient (−)-rotundone production.
Regulatory mechanisms for amylolytic gene expression in the koji moldAspergillus oryzae
Authors: Gomi Katsuya 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe koji mold Aspergillus oryzae has been used in traditional Japanese food and beverage fermentation for over a thousand years. Amylolytic enzymes are important in sake fermentation, wherein production is induced by starch or malto-oligosaccharides. This inducible production requires at least two transcription activators, AmyR and MalR. Among amylolytic enzymes, glucoamylase GlaB is produced exclusively in solid-state culture and plays a critical role in sake fermentation owing to its contribution to glucose generation from starch. A recent study demonstrated that glaB gene expression is regulated by a novel transcription factor, FlbC, in addition to AmyR in solid-state culture. Amylolytic enzyme production is generally repressed by glucose due to carbon catabolite repression (CCR), which is mediated by the transcription factor CreA. Modifying CCR machinery, including CreA, can improve amylolytic enzyme production. This review focuses on the role of transcription factors in regulating A. oryzae amylolytic gene expression.
Parallel integro-differential equation solving via multi-channel reciprocal bianisotropic metasurface augmented by normal susceptibilities
Authors: Abdolali Ali , Momeni Ali , Rajabalipanah Hamid , Achouri Karim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Analog optical signal processing has dramatically transcended the speed and energy limitations accompanied with its digital microelectronic counterparts. Motivated by recent metasurface’s evolution, the angular scattering diversity of a reciprocal passive bianisotropic metasurface with normal polarization is utilized in this paper to design a multi-channel meta-computing surface, performing multiple advanced mathematical operations on input fields coming from different directions, simultaneously. Here, the employed ultra-thin bianisotropic metasurface computer is theoretically characterized based on generalized sheet transition conditions and susceptibility tensors. The operators of choice are deliberately dedicated to asymmetric integro-differential equations and image processing functions, like edge detection and blurring. To clarify the concept, we present several illustrative simulations whereby diverse wave-based mathematical functionalities have been simultaneously implemented without any additional Fourier lenses. The performance of the designed metasurface overcomes the nettlesome restrictions imposed by the previous analog computing proposals such as bulky profiles, asserting only single mathematical operation, and most importantly, supporting only the even-symmetric operations for normal incidences. Besides, the realization possibility of the proposed metasurface computer is conceptually investigated via picturing the angular scattering behavior of several candidate meta-atoms. This work opens a new route for designing ultra-thin devices executing parallel and accelerated optical signal/image processing.
Impact of ENSO 2016–17 on regional climate and malaria vector dynamics in Tanzania
Authors: Kreppel Katharina , Caminade Cyril , Govella Nicodem , Morse Andrew P , Ferguson Heather M , Baylis Matthew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Large scale modes of climate variability, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), have been shown to significantly impact mosquito-borne diseases in the Tropics, including malaria. However, the mechanistic cascade from ENSO and the IOD, to induced changes in regional climate and ultimately mosquito abundance and behaviour is poorly understood. Mosquito population dynamics, behaviour and their potential to transmit disease are all sensitive to micro-climatic conditions. The warm phase of ENSO (El Niño) tends to be associated with increased precipitation and outbreaks of various vector-borne diseases, while the cold phase (La Niña) can cause drought during the short rains over East Africa. The sensitivity of Anopheles mosquito population dynamics and host-seeking behaviour to ENSO and to the resulting micro-climatic conditions, were investigated in the Kilombero Valley in Tanzania. From June 2016 to September 2017, changes in the timing and intensity of the rainy seasons and temperature due to the ENSO 2016–17 were observed. Mosquitoes were collected using Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps indoors and mosquito electrocuting traps in- and outdoors. Changes in abundance and biting behaviour of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus were correlated with climate and micro-climate. The impacts of El Niño on climate and mosquito abundance were not clear. However, the study area experienced a drought due to La Niña during which both vector species declined significantly. An. arabiensis densities stayed more stable at higher temperatures and were found in higher numbers outdoors with respect to An. funestus. For both species, indoor temperature and season determined their host-seeking location, with higher temperatures and the wet season driving them outside. The study confirmed the influence of ENSO and micro-climate on malaria vector abundance and host-seeking behaviour, generating hypotheses for predicting the impact of future ENSO on malaria risk and vector control. Our observation of higher outdoor biting during warmer conditions indicates that indoor vector control strategies may become proportionally less effective during this time.
Co-benefits of China’s climate policy for air quality and human health in China and transboundary regions in 2030
Authors: Li Mingwei , Zhang Da , Li Chiao-Ting , Selin Noelle E , Karplus Valerie J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Climate policies targeting CO2 emissions from fossil fuels can simultaneously reduce emissions of air pollutants and their precursors, thus mitigating air pollution and associated health impacts. Previous work has examined co-benefits of climate policy from reducing PM2.5 in rapidly-developing countries such as China, but have not examined co-benefits from ozone and its transboundary impact for both PM2.5 and ozone. Here, we compare the air quality and health co-benefits of China’s climate policy on both PM2.5 and ozone in China to their co-benefits in three downwind and populous countries (South Korea, Japan and the United States) using a coupled modeling framework. In a policy scenario consistent with China’s pledge to peak CO2 emissions in approximately 2030, avoided premature deaths from ozone reductions are 54 300 (95% confidence interval: 37 100–71 000) in China in 2030, nearly 60% of those from PM2.5. Total avoided premature deaths in South Korea, Japan, and the US are 1200 (900–1600), 3500 (2800–4300), and 1900 (1400–2500), respectively. Total avoided deaths in South Korea and Japan are dominated by reductions in PM2.5-related mortality, but ozone plays a more important role in the US. Similar to co-benefits for PM2.5 in China, co-benefits of China’s policy for ozone and for both pollutants in those downwind countries also rise with increasing policy stringency.
Amplification of risks to water supply at 1.5 °C and 2 °C in drying climates: a case study for Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Henley Benjamin J , Peel Murray C , Nathan Rory , King Andrew D , Ukkola Anna M , Karoly David J , Tan Kim S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human-induced climate change poses a major threat to the reliable water supply in many highly populated regions. Here we combine hydrological and climate model simulations to evaluate risks to the water supply under projected shifts in the climate at the Paris Agreement warming levels. Modelling the primary surface water sources for Melbourne, Australia, we project that the risk of severe water supply shortage to the climate-dependent portion of the system increases substantially as global warming increases from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C. Risks are further exacerbated by increases in water demand but substantially ameliorated by supply augmentation from desalination. We demonstrate that reductions in precipitation, rising temperature and growth in water demand combine to substantially amplify the risk of severe water supply shortage under near-term global warming in the absence of a climate-independent supply. This risk amplification is not as apparent in assessments based on meteorological drought alone. With the diminishing opportunity of meeting the 1.5 °C Paris target, our study highlights the need to accelerate greenhouse gas mitigation efforts to reduce risks to climate dependent water supply systems.
Graphene-polymer Composites for Enhancing the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zheng Jian , Ma Zilong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Graphene is widely used in the improvement of mechanical properties of composite materials due to its excellent mechanical properties. In order to more fully utilize the enhanced performance of graphene, many preparation methods have been developed and gradually improved. In this paper, the research status of graphene to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites is reviewed. The preparation process of materials and the effects of different processes on the mechanical properties of the materials are studied.
Preparation of RGO / Conductive Polymer Nanostructures and Application of Their Supercapacitors
Authors: Gu Yu , Li Qi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Reduction of the nanocomposite of the conductive polymer composite in the GO/conductive polymer and the RGO imparts excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and electrochemical properties to the composite. Therefore, the RGO/conductive polymer has become the main research direction of new functional materials. The polypyrrole/GO composite was prepared by in-situ polymerization using graphene oxide as the matrix and polypyrrole as the guest of the difference layer. The additive type, the mass fraction of GO emulsion, the molar ratio of NaOH to pyrrole, the molar ratio of oxidant to FeCl3 to pyrrole and the reaction temperature were investigated systematically for polypyrrole/GO. The influence of the structure and properties of GO composites. The supercapacitors properties of nanocomposites as electrodes were investigated.
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF); Its Properties, Applications, and Manufacturing Prospects
Authors: Alaaeddin M. H. , Sapuan S. M. , Zuhri M.Y.M , Zainudin E.S , AL-Oqla Faris M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) is a distinctive polymer with excessively studied properties. The wide utilization of this polymer has dramatically escalated due to its outstanding properties (e.g., mechanical strength, chemical resistance, high stability, low permeability, indoor functionality, outdoor durability, light transmissibility, adherence, stain resistance, sunlight degradation, and high temperature endurance). An overview of the chemical, physical, electrical, and thermal properties of PVF is provided. The current applications of PVF/Tedlar®, its polymerization, and the manufacturing processes are also addressed in this work. A comparative analysis has been conducted to explore common and uncommon properties of PVF, fluoropolymers, and competing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Overall, PVF is anticipated to have further promising manufacturing prospects in numerous industries and in various fields such as in medical equipment, renewable energy applications, sensitive devices, advanced industrial platforms, and nanotechnology material composites. Therefore, further in-depth analyses and oriented numerical information on the performance of this polymer are required.
Study of the Hardening in Middle Shaft During Cold Forging
Authors: Luh Yuan-Ping , Wang Huang-Li , Ciou Jian-Rong , Jhang Jia-Fu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cold forging is a common processing method. It is fast, precise, and produces high strength. The purpose of this study was to process products by using a cold-forging technique. This study is aimed at achieving hardness of a certain standard without using heat treatment; computer-aided engineering (CAE) analyses were conducted with different diameter settings but the same methods and molds. Tests were conducted to understand the influence of the changes in material diameters on their material hardness values. We expected to produce workpieces of a specific hardness at the lowest cost. An actual cold forging case was conducted. First, Deform-3D (finite element analysis software) was utilized to conduct a computer-aided engineering forging analysis. How the internal stress distribution and equipment output tonnage changed as the diameter of the material changed was observed and compared against the actual hardness. This study discovered that the location where large elastic deformation occurred (i.e., where the stress concentration occurred), the hardness of the cold forging piece at that location increased. The simulation and experiment results revealed that a large area reduction rate of the intermediate shaft formation resulted in dense forging streamlines, high hardness, and substantial hardening effects.
Corrosion failure analysis of Lightweight Tinplate in Protein Beverage
Authors: Xu Fei-fan , Shi Yun-guang , Yang Jan-wei , Yan Song-tao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to investigate the corrosion mechanism of lightweight tinplate in protein beverage. It is found that proteins in beverages can decomposed into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and then hydrolyzed to H+ and S2-. Hydrogen evolution reaction between H+ and carbon steel could produce a large amount of H2, the gas assembled at the interface result in the exfoliation of corrosion product layer and accelerate the tinplate’s corrosion ultimately. S2- is oxidized in the medium and generated a small fraction of S which lead to the sulfur blackening phenomenon in beverage cans.
A Study on the Surface of RF Magnetron Sputtered CeO2 Thin Films at Relatively Low Substrate Temperature
Authors: Muslim Noormariah , Nur Syafi’ie Md Idris Muhammad , Soon Ying Woan , Voo Nyuk Yoong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Influences of substrate temperature on crystal structure, surface topography and surface morphology of cerium dioxide or ceria (CeO2) thin films deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were studied. The substrate temperature was varied i.e. room temperature, 100, 200 and 300 °C. The characteristics of the film surface could be controlled by tuning the substrate temperature. As studied in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the CeO2 thin films exhibited a cubic fluorite structure with predominant (200) orientation at substrate temperature of room temperature and 200 °C, while (111) preferred orientation at substrate temperature of 100 and 300 °C. The CeO2 films featured uniform surface topography and surface morphology, as observed from the atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, respectively. The surface roughness and the average grain size of the films fluctuated with increasing substrate temperature. This phenomenon was suggested due to the difference in the preferential orientation of the films as in the XRD analysis.
Effect of Nanosecond Laser Treatment Parameters on Surface Wettability Behaviour of Pure Aluminium
Authors: Guo Jian , Ma Xiaolei , Si Xuekang , Yang Zeng , Zhao Jingnan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, a method of preparing stable superhydrophilic surface on aluminum plate by nanosecond laser is presented. The influences of different laser processing parameters on the wettability of aluminum plate and the effect of preservation temperature on the conversion rate of aluminum plate from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic after laser ablation were studied. It is demonstrated that the microstructure formed by different laser processing parameters has certain influence on the hydrophilic property of aluminum plate, such as the lower the scanning interval and scanning speed, the easier it is to form a superhydrophilic surface. In addition, the storage temperature has a significant effect on the change of surface contact angle with time. The samples stored in the average temperature of 0°C in the atmospheric environment have an average contact angle of 18.7 °in 60 day after laser treatment, which has always maintained a good hydrophilicity. However, the samples heated 3 hours in the temperature of 150 °C appears the hydrophobicity with an average contact angle of 156.3 The mechanism of wettability transition was expounded, and a method to maintain the superhydrophilic durability of metal surface was proposed in this paper.
Sensitivity Analysis of Piston Wind in Hoistway of Super High-Speed Elevator
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Zhang Ruijun , Zhang Luzhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The piston wind will be produced when the car runs at high speed in the narrow and long hoistway, which will produce aerodynamic noise with the car enclosure and the hoistway walls, thus affecting ride comfort. In order to put forward better noise reduction measures, a piston wind model of super high-speed elevator with ventilation holes during the whole operation process was established firstly in this paper. Then, based on this theoretical model, the influence of the variation of ventilation-hole area, hoistway blockage ratio and car length on the piston wind was analysed separately. The analysis proved that the larger the area of ventilation holes, the more obvious the weakening of piston wind was when the building code permits. With the increase of blockage ratio, the intensity of piston wind increases obviously, but the duration of maximum piston wind does not change obviously. As the length of the car increases, there is no significant change in the movement of the piston wind, and this small change can be ignored in engineering applications.
Cutting Simulation Analysis of the Cutter Head of the Shield Machine
Authors: Zhao Jingnan , Si Xuekang , Guo Jian , Ma Xiaolei , Chen Yuzhao , Li Zichao , Dong Yinghuai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the process of shield machine tunneling, the interaction between cutter head and soil is very complex. In order to meet the requirements of tunneling, the cutter head was designed according to the construction conditions of Tianjin metro and the Archimedes spiral layout method. The granite model and cutter head model were respectively established by the ABAQUS. The granite model was based on the classic Drucker - Pragel model, and the failure criterion including element deletion function was employ to simulate the yield and failure of rock. The force of the cutter head under cutting condition was analyzed. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the cutter head is 8.216950 MPa, and the allowable stress of the cutter head material is 230 MPa, which was less than the allowable stress of the cutter head. The results indicated that the cutter head can meet the actual work requirements and has high structural reliability. The research process of cutter head arrangement provides a method for solving practical engineering problems, and the numerical simulation results provide a reference for the design of cutter head.