bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collections Risk Assessment at the Royal BC Museum and Archives
Authors: Lee Kasey , Castles Delphine 
Published: January 2019

The Royal British Columbia Museum (RBCM) has a large and valuable collection of archival records, artifacts, specimens and associated information pertaining to the Province of British Columbia's human and natural history. In 2004 and again in 2010 the RBCM conducted a comprehensive risk assessment to identify and quantify the potential impact of threats to the collections. Methodology was based on the Cultural Property Risk Assessment Model (CPRAM). The RBCM risk assessment projects, which included over 30 staff members, were each completed over a period of several months. The results of the latest comprehensive review provide a corporate-wide perspective of the risks to the collection. Some risk related assumptions were confirmed and new issues came to light. As a result of these risk assessments, a Risk Management Implementation Plan has been developed to address the most damaging and imminent threats to the collections. A discussion of the evolution of risk assessment at the RBCM is included.
Risk Assessment and Treatment for the Permanent Exhibition of the National Archaeological Museum in Bulgaria
Authors: Neykova Sevdalina 
Published: January 2019

The collections of the National Archaeological Museum in Bulgaria are among the richest in the Balkans. The museum is placed inside the oldest building of its kind in Sofia—the 15th century Buyuk Mosque (The Grand Mosque). Its permanent exhibition consists of approximately 4000 objects of different materials—stone, ceramics, metals, mosaics, frescoes, icons, glass, parchment, paleontological materials, flints, ivory, bone and leather. An assessment of risks related to ten agents of deterioration and influencing both the permanent exhibition and the building was completed in 2009–2010. Risk treatments to reduce those risks were developed. This method of museum risk assessment was applied for first time in Bulgaria. Because preventive conservation has never been a priority in the National Archaeological Museum, and in Bulgaria in general, many risks were identified as currently affecting the exhibited objects or as having had a negative influence in the past. When the assessment started, many problems were already visible but it wasn't clear which risks affected the collection and building most. The main purposes of the assessment were determining which risks have higher magnitude, therefore greatest expected effect, as well as pointing attention to collections on display.
A Tale of Two Systems
Authors: Hawks Catharine , Waller Robert 
Published: January 2019

The two systems of managing health and safety and of managing preservation of cultural property have many parallels. Either, or both, can exist as predominantly habit-based systems. However, when managed from a proactive perspective, they can be considered goal-directed systems. In the first case, the goal is to maintain health and avoid accidents to people. In the second case, the goal is to avoid damage and loss to cultural property. Both goals are clear, widely accepted, and even inarguably noble and worthy, a great advantage for both systems. Health and safety and cultural property preservation systems will operate best when they are mutually supportive. As a simple example, wearing appropriate gloves while handling objects protects the wearer as well as the collection object/specimen from contamination. Some examples of conflicts between the two risk management systems can also be found. For instance, an old collection of pharmaceuticals can pose many risks. From a health and safety perspective, disposal seems the obvious solution. From a curatorial perspective, keeping contents intact for future analysis may be important. The exercise of developing a creative solution that protects both people and collections can lead to improved understanding among all parties. Viewing health and safety and cultural property preservation as parallel and closely related risk management systems opens the way to improvements in both. Combining the two encourages synergies that can lead to effective risk management and resource allocation by custodians of our collected heritage.
Provenance: Not the Problem (The Solution)
Authors: Milosch Jane C. 
Published: January 2019

In 2008, the Smithsonian expanded its commitment to World War ll-era provenance research on works of art. The Smithsonian Provenance Research Initiative (SPRI) was founded, as an institution-wide project, with the goal of enabling such research at all Smithsonian museums and in order to clarify questions concerning gaps in ownership history, transfer of ownership, and unlawful appropriation. The SPRI director matches provenance specialists with curators and collection managers; together they create proactive plans that are both realistic and long-term. Factors they consider in setting research priorities include existing collections, future acquisitions, publications, exhibition preparation, and incoming and outgoing loans. Currently the SPRI is focused on Asian art and decorative arts—emerging fields of study in WWII-era collecting. Given the Smithsonian's mandate for broad service to the arts, SPRI also promotes provenance research beyond the Smithsonian's own museums and archives. Through scholarly exchange in the United States and Europe—symposia, publications, online resources, and training programs for established and emerging professionals—SPRI fosters partnerships with other institutions that speed up the work and often lead to new findings. SPRI shares its research findings as widely as possible to increase the public's access to collections. Over the longer term, SPRI aims to expand beyond the WWII era, to assist with more current provenance issues, and to explore the implications of this research for art history and connoisseurship. We strive to anchor the museum in its core missions: stewardship, education, and appreciation of all cultures. Timely performance of research, and timely publication of results, can help strengthen confidence in the integrity of museums’ commitment to provenance projects as a core aspect of their cultural role. It will also engage interest in the art works themselves through the new stories the research reveals. This can only benefit institutions that rely greatly on the patronage and financial support of the public.
Collecting a Spacesuit in the 21st Century
Authors: Lewis Cathleen S. 
Published: January 2019

In 1972, the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum arranged to take possession of the remnants of the spacesuits that Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins had worn during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission that landed the first humans on the moon. NASA had put aside these spacesuits and the components that the astronauts had returned to Earth for the express purpose of display to re-create the iconic images of the mission. For many years, the Air and Space Museum had complied with these intentions, but over the years, the deterioration of the suits and their materials led to a reconsideration of the rationale for collecting and displaying the suits. The new approach led to a revised collecting strategy that placed greater emphasis on the suits’ point of creation and the negotiations that had occurred among those who built, designed, and wore the suits. The twenty-first century has marked another shift in collecting spacesuits. NASA has initiated this shift through modifications in the construction, design, us, and disposal of spacesuits. New, modular spacesuits intended for reuse throughout the calculated life of their materials, do not lend themselves to iconic display; neither do they completely reveal the history of their points of creation and innovation because many components are missing, and few of the components were built at the same point in planning as the others. NASA's shift has caused the Air and Space Museum to reconsider a generation's expectations of collecting and exhibiting. Now the museum must focus on which particular stories we can and cannot tell with only a small part of the whole.
Feasibility of PROMIS CAT Administration in the Ambulatory Sports Medicine Clinic With Respect to Cost and Patient Compliance: A Single-Surgeon Experience
Authors: Lizzio Vincent A. , Blanchett Jacob , Borowsky Peter , Meldau Jason E. , Verma Nikhil N. , Muh Stephanie , Moutzouros Vasilios , Makhni Eric C. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Pay-for-performance reimbursement models are becoming increasingly popular, but the implementation of a routine patient-reported outcome (PRO) collection system places additional burden on both the patient and the provider. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed in an effort to make PRO collection more practical and efficient, but providers may be reluctant to embrace a transition to a PROMIS-based clinical outcome registry. Hypothesis: PROMIS can be successfully incorporated into daily clinical practice, with an overall patient compliance rate of 80%. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: As part of routine practice, all patients presenting to a single surgeon’s sports medicine clinic for an appointment were asked to complete a series of PROMIS computerized adaptive tests (CATs), including PROMIS Physical Function, Physical Function–Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Depression subscales. Overall compliance was calculated by dividing the number of survey sets completed by the number of eligible clinic visits. Compliance rates were further assessed by patient age, type of clinic visit, and location of injury. Costs associated with this system of routine PRO collection were categorized as start-up or maintenance costs. Results: From August 7, 2017, to December 8, 2017, there were 581 patients (1109 clinic encounters) who met inclusion criteria for the study. Of the 1109 clinic encounters, there was an overall compliance rate of 91.3% (1013/1109 visits during which the patient completed the entire PROMIS survey set). Overall, the full survey set consisted of a mean 15.3 questions and took a mean of 2.6 minutes to complete. Patients who were aged ≥62 years had a significantly lower compliance rate (81.8%; P < .0001) than each of the younger patient quartiles. When analyzing patients by the most common locations of injury (elbow, shoulder, hip, knee), the compliance rate for completing PROMIS was significantly higher for the hip than for the shoulder (95.1% vs 88.9%, respectively; P = .02). The cost of establishing a PROMIS-based registry using our project design and workflow was estimated at $2045, whereas the monthly maintenance cost was $1000. Conclusion: The routine electronic collection of PROMIS scores in the ambulatory orthopaedic clinic resulted in a compliance rate of over 90%, although older patients were generally less compliant than younger patients. Our system of data collection is practical and efficient in a high-volume orthopaedic clinic and places minimal financial burden on the provider.
How I treat refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Sarantopoulos Stefanie , Cardones Adela R. , Sullivan Keith M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Approximately 35% to 50% of patients otherwise cured of hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will develop the pleomorphic autoimmune-like syndrome known as chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Since in 2005, National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus panels have proposed definitions and classifications of disease to standardize treatment trials. Recently, the first agent was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for steroid-refractory cGVHD. Despite these advances, most individuals do not achieve durable resolution of disease activity with initial treatment. Moreover, standardized recommendations on how to best implement existing and novel immunomodulatory agents and taper salvage agents are often lacking. Given the potential life-threatening nature of cGVHD, we employ in our practice patient assessment templates at each clinic visit to elucidate known prognostic indicators and red flags. We find NIH scoring templates practical for ongoing assessments of these complex patient cases and determination of when changes in immunosuppressive therapy are warranted. Patients not eligible or suitable for clinical trials have systemic and organ-directed adjunctive treatments crafted in a multidisciplinary clinic. Herein, we review these treatment options and offer a management and monitoring scaffold for representative patients with cGVHD not responding to initial therapy.
Treatment of MDS
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) demands a complex and personalized variety of therapeutic approaches. Among them, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only potentially curative option and is accessible to only a small number of fit patients. For the majority of patients with MDS, treatment strategies are nonintensive and risk-adapted (by the revised version of the International Prognostic Scoring System), ranging from iron chelation and growth factors to lenalidomide and hypomethylating agents. These approaches are noncurative and aimed instead at improving cytopenias and quality of life and delaying disease progression. These limitations underpin the need for more translational research-based clinical trials in well-defined subgroups of patients with MDS. Indeed, much progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the complex molecular mechanisms underlying MDS. Unfortunately, this has not yet translated into approval of novel treatment options. There is a particularly urgent medical need in patients failing current first-line therapies, such as with erythropoiesis-stimulating or hypomethylating agents. Nevertheless, actual developments are expected to pave the way for exciting novel therapeutic opportunities. This review provides an overview of the current therapeutic landscape in MDS focusing on recent advances in clinical and translational research.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: who’s the driver at the wheel?
Authors: Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Flotho Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a unique clonal hematopoietic disorder of early childhood. It is classified as an overlap myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasm by the World Health Organization and shares some features with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in adults. JMML pathobiology is characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras signal transduction pathway. About 90% of patients harbor molecular alterations in 1 of 5 genes (PTPN11, NRAS, KRAS, NF1, or CBL), which define genetically and clinically distinct subtypes. Three of these subtypes, PTPN11-, NRAS-, and KRAS-mutated JMML, are characterized by heterozygous somatic gain-of-function mutations in nonsyndromic children, whereas 2 subtypes, JMML in neurofibromatosis type 1 and JMML in children with CBL syndrome, are defined by germline Ras disease and acquired biallelic inactivation of the respective genes in hematopoietic cells. The clinical course of the disease varies widely and can in part be predicted by age, level of hemoglobin F, and platelet count. The majority of children require allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for long-term leukemia-free survival, but the disease will eventually resolve spontaneously in ∼15% of patients, rendering the prospective identification of these cases a clinical necessity. Most recently, genome-wide DNA methylation profiles identified distinct methylation signatures correlating with clinical and genetic features and highly predictive for outcome. Understanding the genomic and epigenomic basis of JMML will not only greatly improve precise decision making but also be fundamental for drug development and future collaborative trials.
Calpain cleaves phospholipid flippase ATP8A1 during apoptosis in platelets
Authors: Jing Weidong , Yabas Mehmet , Bröer Angelika , Coupland Lucy , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Enders Anselm , Bröer Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the plasma/organellar membranes is generated and maintained through phospholipid flippases in resting cells, but becomes disrupted in apoptotic cells and activated platelets, resulting in phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface. Stable PS exposure during apoptosis requires inactivation of flippases to prevent PS from being reinternalized. Here we show that flippase ATP8A1 is highly expressed in both murine and human platelets, but is not present in the plasma membrane. ATP8A1 is cleaved by the cysteine protease calpain during apoptosis, and the cleavage is prevented indirectly by caspase inhibition, involving blockage of calcium influx into platelets and subsequent calpain activation. In contrast, in platelets activated with thrombin and collagen and exposing PS, ATP8A1 remains intact. These data reveal a novel mechanism of flippase cleavage and suggest that flippase activity in intracellular membranes differs between platelets undergoing apoptosis and activation.
Decreasing Inappropriate Use of Rasburicase to Promote Cost-Effective Care
Authors: Patel Komal K. , Brown Timothy J. , Gupta Arjun , Roberts Taylor , Marley Eileen , Li Hsiao C. , Sadeghi Navid 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Rasburicase is a recommended treatment of tumor lysis syndrome and patients at high-risk for developing tumor lysis syndrome. Unfortunately, it is expensive, and unnecessary use raises costs of care. METHODS: Plan, Do, Study, Act methodology was used to decrease the inappropriate use of rasburicase. In the Plan phase, a multidisciplinary quality improvement team reviewed the rasburicase ordering process and its prescription patterns at Parkland Health and Hospital System between October 2015 and September 2017 to determine appropriate interventions for improvement. In the Do phase, interventions were deployed to improve rasburicase prescriptions. In the Study phase, the team reviewed the rasburicase orders and appropriateness from February 2018 to October 2018. During the Act phase, the interventions were found to be successful, and the process changes were solidified. RESULTS: At baseline, 65 doses of rasburicase were administered during the 2-year baseline period, 21 of these (32.3%) were inappropriate. Review of the ordering process identified pitfalls: one-click ready-to-sign order, fixed default dose, no hard-stop alert requiring physicians to review and confirm appropriate indications, and lack of secondary pharmacy review. We aimed to reduce the percentage of inappropriate rasburicase orders from a baseline of 32.3% to 10% over 3 months. In February 2018, we implemented the interventions, which resulted in reduction in inappropriate rasburicase use, with only a single inappropriate order placed in 7 months postintervention. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary approach and classic quality improvement methodology enabled us to reduce inappropriate rasburicase use. Straightforward electronic medical record interventions and secondary pharmacy review are effective in addressing overuse.
The regulatory pathway from genes directly activated by maternal factors to muscle structural genes in ascidian embryos
Authors: Yu Deli , Oda-Ishii Izumi , Kubo Atsushi , Satou Yutaka 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Striated muscle cells in the tail of ascidian tadpole larvae differentiate cell-autonomously. Although several key regulatory factors have been identified, the genetic regulatory pathway is not fully understood; comprehensive understanding of the regulatory pathway is essential for accurate modeling in order to deduce principles for gene regulatory network dynamics, and for comparative analysis on how ascidians have evolved the cell-autonomous gene regulatory mechanism. Here, we reveal regulatory interactions among three key regulatory factors, Zic-r.b, Tbx6-r.b and Mrf, and elucidate the mechanism by which these factors activate muscle structural genes. We reveal a cross-regulatory circuit among these regulatory factors, which maintains the expression of Tbx6-r.b and Mrf during gastrulation. Although these two factors combinatorially activate muscle structural genes in late-stage embryos, muscle structural genes are activated mainly by Tbx6-r.b before gastrulation. Time points when expression of muscle structural genes become first detectable are strongly correlated with the degree of Tbx6-r.b occupancy. Thus, the genetic pathway, starting with Tbx6-r.b and Zic-r.b, which are activated by maternal factors, and ending with expression of muscle structural genes, has been revealed.
An essential role for dNTP homeostasis following CDK-induced replication stress
Authors: Pai Chen-Chun , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Durley Samuel C. , Keszthelyi Andrea , Kearsey Stephen E. , Rallis Charalampos , Folkes Lisa K. , Deegan Rachel , Wilkins Sarah E. , Pfister Sophia X. , De León Nagore , Schofield Christopher J. , Bähler Jürg , Carr Antony M. , Humphrey Timothy C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Replication stress is a common feature of cancer cells, and thus a potentially important therapeutic target. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-induced replication stress, resulting from Wee1 inactivation, is synthetic lethal with mutations disrupting dNTP homeostasis in fission yeast. Wee1 inactivation leads to increased dNTP demand and replication stress through CDK-induced firing of dormant replication origins. Subsequent dNTP depletion leads to inefficient DNA replication, DNA damage and to genome instability. Cells respond to this replication stress by increasing dNTP supply through histone methyltransferase Set2-dependent MBF-induced expression of Cdc22, the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Disrupting dNTP synthesis following Wee1 inactivation, through abrogating Set2-dependent H3K36 tri-methylation or DNA integrity checkpoint inactivation results in critically low dNTP levels, replication collapse and cell death, which can be rescued by increasing dNTP levels. These findings support a ‘dNTP supply and demand’ model in which maintaining dNTP homeostasis is essential to prevent replication catastrophe in response to CDK-induced replication stress.